Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Pictorial Health Warning Labels for Indonesia's Cigarette Packages

Objective: To assess which imagery and textual types for pictorial health warning labels (PHWL) are most likely to reduce smoking among adult smokers and adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: This experimental study collected data from adolescents (n=280 smokers; n=313 nonsmokers) and adult smokers (n=584) in Jakarta city and Bogor district. For eight health topics, warning characteristics were experimentally manipulated to assess the effects of warning type (text-only versus pictorial warnings), imagery type (graphic, suffering, and symbolic), and textual type (didactic versus testimonial) on negative emotional responses, message credibility, and perceived effectiveness. To adjust for correlated data due to repeated measures, linear mixed effects models were estimated separately for each outcome, regressing ratings on warning characteristics and adjustment variables. 1 Anshari, D. , Thrasher, J.F. , Davis, R.E. , Kim, S-H. , and Hammond, D. To be submitted to Tobacco Control.
Sex differences in perceived weight-based stigmatization among African Americans.

This study examined sex differences in calculated and perceived weights and weight-based stigmatization. 371 African Americans (females=258) responded to a health and wellness survey. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight and categorized as underweight (7.0%), normal (48.2%), overweight (29.9%), and obese (14.8%). Perceived weight was measured by asking participants, "Do you consider yourself to be overweight? " Responses were then dichotomized as accurate or inaccurate. Stigmatization was constructed from 16 statements regarding perceived treatment due to weight status. Males and females differed in their perceptions of their weights. More than 20% of the participants had inaccurate perceptions of their weights, with the majority of the inaccurate participants (82.5%) perceiving their weight status lower than their actual weight status. More overweight or obese males than overweight or obese females did not perceive themselves as overweight (60.3% vs. 28.3%, respectively, P <.001). While male and female perceptions of weight-based stigmatization were not statistically different (P = .071), participants who accurately perceived themselves to be overweight had higher perceived weight-based stigma scores than inaccurate participants who were overweight (P =.001). Males and females who were inaccurate were less likely to perceive weight-based stigmatization.
Towards a People Centred Early Warning and Disaster Response System in Samoa: The Use of ICT by Samoans During Disaster

This paper reports on the findings of a 400 household survey which investigated what sources of information and technical medium Samoan citizens trust and act upon in times of disaster. Findings of the survey indicated the following. 1)The predominance and pervasiveness of mobile phones at 91% indicate its potential for use in any disaster response and relief interventions. 2) With only 34% of mobile phones being Smart phones: disaster preparedness, early warning and response interventions should target basic mobile phone sets. 3) With 65% of respondents using Face Book this social media should be considered as a possible avenue for lateral dissemination for early warning and disaster response. 4) The predominance of radio followed by TV as an important, trusted source of information which people act on indicate its important role in any emergency response interventions. Since these media are trusted sources they should be used extensively for dissemination of information for preparedness, early warning and disaster response. 5) Professional reporters are regarded by the majority as the most predominantly used, the most trusted and the most important source of information and news during an emergency. The findings of this survey generate important considerations towards a people centred early warning and disaster relief system.
MRI of the coronary vessel wall at 3 T: comparison of radial and cartesian k-space sampling.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to compare the quality of 3D gradient-echo images obtained using radial versus cartesian k-space sampling at 3 T. CONCLUSION This study shows that the quality of coronary vessel wall imaging of the right coronary artery with radial k-space sampling in 3D turbo field-echo sequences is superior to cartesian k-space sampling at 3 T. Radial k-space sampling at 3 T makes it possible to combine low motion artifact susceptibility with high signal-to-noise ratio.
Mean variance optimization via factor models in the emerging markets: evidence on the Istanbul Stock Exchange

Markowitz’s mean-variance analysis, a well known financial optimization technique, has a crucial role for the financial decision makers. This quadratic programming method determines the optimal portfolios within the risk-return perspective. Estimation of the expected returns and the covariances for the financial assets has a significant importance in quantitative portfolio management. The famous financial models used in estimating the input parameters are CAPM, Three Factor Model and Characteristic Model. The goal of this study is to investigate the significance of asset pricing models in the Markowitz’s mean-variance optimization technique for the different Turkish benchmark indices. The optimized risky financial assets have demonstrated higher portfolio risks rather than risky portfolios with risk-free assets. Portfolio risk is found lower for CAPM, Three Factor Model and Characteristics Model, however higher for naive returns. The performances of optimized CAPM portfolios are higher than multi-factor models. Consequently, asset pricing models have significant role in the Markowitz’s mean-variance optimization technique since they provide higher portfolio performances with lower risks than the optimized portfolios of naive returns.
Upregulation of miR-196 a and HOTAIR Drive Malignant Character in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA) have been less studied thanmiRNAs in cancer, although both offer considerable theranostic potential. In this study, we identified frequent upregulation of miR-196a and lincRNA HOTAIR in high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Overexpression of miR-196a was associated with high-risk grade, metastasis and poor survival amongGIST specimens. miR-196a genes are locatedwithin theHOX gene clusters andmicroarray expression analysis revealed that theHOXC andHOTAIR genewere also coordinately upregulated in GISTs which overexpress miR-196a. In like manner, overexpression of HOTAIR was also strongly associated with high-risk grade andmetastasis among GIST specimens. RNA interference–mediated knockdown of HOTAIR altered the expression of reported HOTAIR target genes and suppressed GIST cell invasiveness. These findings reveal concurrent overexpression of HOX genes with noncoding RNAs in human cancer in this setting, revealing miR-196a and HOTAIR as potentially useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets in malignant GISTs. Cancer Res; 72(5); 1126–36. 2012 AACR.
Analysis of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 DNA region containing lambdoid phage gene p and Shiga-like toxin structural genes

In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the p gene contained within a 5-kb EcoRI restriction fragment cloned from Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II)-converting phage 933W of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933. The p gene was 702 bp long and had 95.3% sequence similarity to the p gene of phage lambda. Multiple hybridization patterns were obtained when genomic DNA fragments were hybridized with both p and slt-I, slt-II, or slt-IIc sequences. All O157 isolates also possessed an analog of lambda gene p which was not linked with either slt-I or slt-II. Restriction fragment length polymorphism comparisons of clinical O157 isolates and derivates undergoing genotype turnover during infection were made, and loss of large DNA fragments that hybridized with slt-II and p sequences was observed. To further analyze the DNA region containing the p and slt genes, we amplified fragments by using a PCR with one primer complementary to p and the other complementary to either the slt-I or the slt-II gene. PCR analysis with enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 and non-O157 strains yielded PCR products that varied in size between 5.1 and 7.8 kb. These results suggest that even within O157 isolates, the genomes of SLT-converting phages differ. The methods described here may assist in further investigation of SLT-encoding phages and their role in the epidemiology of infection with enterohemorrhagic E. coli.
Pazopanib does not bring remarkable improvement in patients with angiosarcoma

Pazopanib is a potent and selective multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been reported to extend progression‐free survival in cases of metastatic soft‐tissue sarcoma. However, the efficacy of pazopanib for cutaneous angiosarcoma has not been confirmed. We report eight cases of angiosarcoma treated with pazopanib, and review the efficacy and safety of pazopanib therapy. We retrospectively investigated the clinical information, including age, sex, body surface area, location, performance status, lung or pleural metastasis, preceding treatment, oral dose of pazopanib, response rate, progression‐free survival and adverse effects. Five of the eight patients needed to stop the pazopanib treatment due to severe adverse effects, including thrombocytopenia, anemia, drug‐associated pancreatitis, acute fulminant hepatitis and general fatigue. Progression‐free survival ranged 0.5–3.5 months (mean ± standard deviation, 1.81 ± 1.03). Overall survival ranged 3–26 months (14.13 ± 9.47). Six of the eight cases showed progressive disease, and two of the eight cases showed stable disease. To assess overall survival in angiosarcoma treated with pazopanib, we compared the pazopanib‐treated group (n = 8) with the non‐pazopanib‐treated control group (n = 10). There was no significant difference between two groups (P = 0.19, log–rank test). In conclusion, our case series suggests that pazopanib does not bring remarkable improvement in patients with angiosarcoma.
Correction of Epoetin-Resistant Megaloblastic Anaemia following Vitamin B12 and Folate Administration

Accessible online at: www.karger. com/journals/nef Dear Sir, Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are well-recognised causes of megaloblastic anaemia in the general population [1]. These deficiencies are, however, rarely observed in dialysis patients, despite the potential for dialysate losses of these small water-soluble vitamins during both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis [2]. Whilst folate deficiency has been demonstrated as a potential cause for epoetin-resistant anaemia in this group [3], there is only one previous report of a dialysis patient showing resistance to epoetin therapy with associated megaloblastic changes and low serum B12 levels, who subsequently responded to supplementation of vitamin B12 [4]. We now report a patient in whom increasing doses of epoetin had only a mild impact on anaemia, but who developed a marked macrocytosis with low serum B12 and folate levels. This patient, however, responded briskly to vitamin B12 and folate supplementation with correction of the anaemia and a reduction in epoetin dosage. An 85-year-old man, who 12 years previously had a transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatic hypertrophy, was referred to our unit in October 1997 with advanced renal failure. A diagnosis of obstructive nephropathy was made but despite insertion of an indwelling catheter allowing adequate drainage of urine, his renal function failed to improve and he was commenced on haemodialysis in November 1997. He was anaemic with a haemoglobin of 8.0 g/dl and a serum ferritin of 244 Ìg/l, but he did not initially receive epoetin therapy. Haematological and other laboratory parameters throughout his clinical course are shown in table 1. His initial serum B12 concentration was within the normal physiological range but this fell during the first 4 months on dialysis and his serum folate level was reduced, whilst his mean cell volume (MCV) increased above the laboratory reference range. He required 6 units of transfused blood during this time. He was commenced on epoetin by subcutaneous injection with increasing doses up to 12,000 units/week which made little impression on his haemoglobin level while his MCV continued to rise. By June 1998, both serum B12 and folate levels were low (table 1), and folate deficiency was confirmed by a low red cell folate. Autoantibodies to gastric parietal cell and intrinsic factor were negative. Supplementation of vitamin B12 and folate was com-
Chemotaxis to oligopeptides by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A number of peptides were evaluated as chemoattractants for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several strains recognized tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexapeptides in a capillary tube assay. Tripeptides altered at the carboxyl terminus were good attractants, whereas tripeptides altered at the amino terminus did not serve as chemoattractants. Methionine-containing peptides were relatively poor attractants. Arginine-containing peptides gave the best responses. Reduced responses to larger peptides suggest that porin penetration is required. No extracellular peptidase activity was detected. We conclude that oligopeptides are good attractants and that specificity for chemotactic recognition of oligopeptides exists.
Brand Image of MBA Business Schools in South Africa as driver of customer-based brand equity

Brand image has long been recognised by marketers and brand researchers alike as an important concept in marketing. Brand image as defined by Keller (1993), is complex and consists of perceptions about a brand as reflected in memory by the brand associations held in consumer memory. These brand associations are the other informational nodes linked to the brand in memory and contain the meaning of the brand for consumers. Brand image in turn will impact on customer-based brand equity which Keller (1993) defmes as the differential effect that overall brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing effort of a brand. This study investigates the importance and relevance of brand image and its impact on customer-based brand equity in a high-involvement purchase, using the MBA market as the field of study. Based on the findings of the research conducted by Markinor (2001) regarding the perceptions of business schools by MBA graduates in South Africa, the writer developed an Integrated Brand Management Model which will serve as a conceptual framework for managing the "brand gap", defined as the gap that exists between brand identity (as proposed by the organisation), and brand image (as perceived by the consumer). Furthermore, the model illustrates the dimensions of brand identity that need to be managed on an ongoing basis by brand managers to ensure the success of a brand, and the resultant impact that this management process will have on the various dimensions of brand equity.
On Generalized Transitive Matrices

Transitivity of generalized fuzzy matrices over a special type of semiring is considered. The semiring is called incline algebra which generalizes Boolean algebra, fuzzy algebra, and distributive lattice. This paper studies the transitive incline matrices in detail. The transitive closure of an incline matrix is studied, and the convergence for powers of transitive incline matrices is considered. Some properties of compositions of incline matrices are also given, and a new transitive incline matrix is constructed from given incline matrices. Finally, the issue of the canonical form of a transitive incline matrix is discussed. The results obtained here generalize the corresponding ones on fuzzy matrices and lattice matrices shown in the references.
The role of spirituality in diabetes self-management in an urban, underserved population: a qualitative exploratory study.

BACKGROUND Although many studies examine motivators for diabetes self-management, few explore the role spirituality plays in this disease, especially in low-income urban populations. METHODS This qualitative, focus group study elicits thoughts of diabetic patients regarding spirituality in diabetes self-care, at an urban primary care practice in Rhode Island. Focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the immersion/crystallization technique. RESULTS Themes included: significant impact of diabetes on daily life; fear and family as prominent self-care motivators; relationships with self, others, nature and the divine as major sources of hope and strength. Patients varied considerably regarding the role spirituality played in their illness, ranging from minimal to profound impact. All appeared comfortable discussing spirituality within the context of strength and hope. CONCLUSION Patients in this urban, underserved population are willing to discuss spirituality related to their diabetes care. They vary in the role spirituality plays in their illness experience.
Changing the Lens: A Position Paper on the Value of Qualitative Research Methodology as a Mode of Inquiry in the Education of the Deaf

A case study of a young deaf child's conversation development is used to explore the relationship between mode of inquiry and findings resulting from the use of qualitative research methodology. Data were collected through participant observation, videotaping, and interviews in the participants' natural settings. The breadth of findings from thematic analysis of descriptive data and discourse analysis of language samples led to the discovery of the child's language competencies in a field where research usually focuses on language deficits. Additionally, data revealed the contextual features that contributed to the child's conversation development. Scope of findings and implications for educators and researchers provide evidence of the value of qualitative methodology as a mode of inquiry in the field of education of the Deaf.
Following the money: how salient is media ownership information to U.S. citizens?

This qualitative study seeks to assess how significant media ownership information is to citizens‟ lives and to understand on what bases this information is salient for some citizens and not others. Ten respondents were recruited from the cities of St. Louis and Columbia, Missouri. In-depth interviews were conducted along with a short, written quiz to evaluate individuals‟ bases for salience (expectancy, frequency/recency, emotional valence, and involvement) and levels of knowledge regarding media ownership. For the respondents of this study, results show higher levels of media ownership salience and knowledge correspond to those who perceive objectivity in news as a process while lower levels of salience correspond to respondents who perceive objectivity in news as an end-product.
Hallucinations and delusions as points on continua function. Rating scale evidence.

PSYCHIATRIC symptom rating scales can be used for testing and reformulating clinical concepts as well as for categorizing patients. Hallucinations and delusions are two symptoms that take on new meanings when defined more operationally for use in such scales. It is especially important to conceptualize these symptoms adequately because they are key diagnostic criteria of the psychoses, especially of schizophrenia. Even those who classify hallucinations and delusions as "secondary" tend to use these symptoms to establish the diagnosis of psychosis since they are among the easier symptoms to identify clinically. Generally hallucinations and delusions are considered to be discrete and discontinuous, a patient either has them or he does not. The notion of the discreteness of these symptoms encourages the conception of psychosis and schizophrenia as states that are also discrete and discontinuous and the further conception that patients with these diagnoses are somehow qualitatively different from other
Determinants of Capital Flight in Ghana

The study investigated the short-run and long-run determinants of capital flight in Ghana using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The long-run and short-run results show that real GDP growth rate, higher domestic real interest rate over foreign interest rate, financial development, good governance and strong property rights reduce capital flight, while external debt to GDP leads to increase in capital flight in Ghana. However, lagged external debt to GDP and lagged financial development had negative and positive effect respectively in the short-run. The study recommends that government should adopt more pro-growth policies and resort to domestic borrowing to reduce external debt. The Central Bank of Ghana should improve on the development of the financial sector and ensure competitive domestic interest rates. It is also recommended that Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in Ghana should continue to ensure accountability and transparency to strengthen the interest of domestic investors.
Essays on Returns to Human Capital in Asset Management

This thesis comprises three essays on returns to human capital in asset management. The first essay (Cici, Gehde-Trapp, Goericke, and Kempf, 2016, "What They Did in Their Previous Lives: The Investment Value of Mutual Fund Managers' Experience Outside the Financial Sector") investigates whether industry-specific human capital acquired by managers of equity mutual funds has investment value. The second essay (Goericke, 2016, "Do Generalists Profit from the Fund Families' Specialists? Evidence from Mutual Fund Families Offering Sector Funds") analyses whether there are spillover effects for human capital within mutual fund families. The third essay (Goericke, 2017, "Does Economic University Education Matter for Fund Performance? " examines if a university degree in an economic field provides managers of equity mutual funds with an advantage.
Appreciating Brands as Assets Through Using a Two-Dimensional Model

Before brands can be valued, an understanding of the nature of the brand asset is needed. Through building upon consumer behaviour and branding literature, it is argued that brands can be modelled according to how they satisfy consumers' functional and representational needs. A two-dimensional model is constructed and a methodology described to assess this. Survey results show support for this model. By understanding where brands are located in functional-representational perceptual space, it is possible to consider different ways in which marketing resources can be employed.
Pelvic exercise and gait in hemiplegia.

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the gait of 20 patients with hemiplegia secondary to cerebrovascular accident (CVA) before and after a treatment regimen of resisted pelvic motions. Ten women and 10 men were studied, with a mean age of 48 years and a mean duration post-CVA of two months. Nine subjects (45%) were right hemiplegic, and 11 subjects (55%) were left hemiplegic. Treatment consisted of four sets of five repetitions each of manually resisted pelvic anterior-elevation and posterior-depression movements on the involved side. An insole footswitch system, knee electrogoniometer, and force walking aid were used in gait analysis performed before treatment, immediately after treatment (posttest 1), and 30 minutes after treatment (posttest 2). Results showed significant overall improvement in gait in posttest 1 (p less than .005) compared with the pretest. This improvement, however, was not maintained in posttest 2. Ten patients improved overall in posttest 1; only 4 patients also showed improvement in posttest 2. The major improvements seen immediately after treatment were observed in stance stability and limb advancement in the involved limb. More research is needed to identify an optimum treatment with carry-over using this technique.