Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOPENIA

ABSTRACT Objective: Osteoporosis is quite common in elderly people, especially in post-menopausal women. The role of Magnesium, an important cation along with calcium for bone formation, is not very well-studied in osteoporosis as well as osteopenia group. Methods: Total 68 post-menopausal women 48-75 years of age group, were included in this study. In which, 33 women were having osteoporosis while rest 35 were from osteopenia. The differentiation between osteoporosis and osteopenia were done with the bone mineral density usually expressed in T score and Z score. Serum total calcium, ionized calcium, serum phosphate, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum magnesium were estimated in post-menopausal women. Results: Significant results were obtained in various parameters. In osteopenic women, the mean values of total calcium (8.25±1.25 vs. 9.29±0.62) and ionized calcium (4.22±0.51 vs. 4.64±0.31) were significantly (<0.001) higher. The serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (159.87±37.11 vs. 137.21±33.29) was significantly higher (<0.01) in osteoporosis group. The serum concentration of magnesium (1.95±0.44 vs. 2.22±0.42) was lower in osteoporosis group, and the result was statistically significant (<0.05). Conclusion: In post-menopausal women, osteoporosis is characterized by a lower concentration of magnesium. Hypomagnesemia may result in inflammatory disorders which have an existing relationship with bone loss. The dietary intake of magnesium supplement may be useful in reducing the adverse effect of osteoporosis. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Post-menopause, Osteopenia, Hypomagnesemia.
PRECISIONS CONCERNING THE DISTRIBUTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MIOCENE HOMINOIDS FROM INDIA

During the past four decades, the Indian Subcontinent has been a focus of palaeoanthropological research on account of the abundance of Middle and Late Miocene hominoid fossils that have been reported from it. In India, well known hominoid-bearing localities occur at Ramnagar (Lower Siwaliks) and Hari Talyangar (Middle Siwaliks), but there are less well known occurrences in the literature, such as the material from Dhara and Nungarh near Kalagarh in Pauri Garhwal District, not far from the Nepalese and Chinese frontiers. Reports of the discovery of hominoid fossils at other poorly known localities at Ramchand Ridge and Dhiran near Ramnagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Bandal (Himachal Pradesh) formed the basis for claims that hominoids existed in the subcontinent earlier than the Chinji zone. If so, then current views of hominoid palaeobiogeography would need to be modified to the extent that an earlier passage of large hominoids out of Africa towards the Indian subcontinent than is generally accepted, would need to be postulated. We also examine a claim for the persistence of large hominoids up to the Mio-Pliocene boundary (ca 5.5 Ma) on the basis of a tooth found near Bharari, east of Hari Talyangar. The aim of this paper is to examine the soundness of the basis of claims for the presence of pre-Chinji large bodied hominoids in the region and for their persistence in the subcontinent up to the end of the Miocene epoch. With this aim in mind, in January, 2009, the authors surveyed the zone northwest of Dera Gopipur; 1) to locate the place from which a partial set of upper and lower teeth attributed to Ramapithecus cf. punjabicus were collected by S.S. Gupta and B.C. Verma in the 1978-79 field season of the Geological Survey of India, 2) to recover biochronologically informative faunal remains. No such faunal remains were found, making it difficult to substantiate the claims of Lower Siwalik age for the deposits. Other published reports of the presence of early hominoids in India were also examined, but the sites were not visited.
The role of pragmatics and politeness in explaining prosodic variability

Twenty speakers (10F, 10M) took part in a discourse completion task (DCT) to examine effects of politeness and context on tunes used with wh-questions in Greek: they heard and saw on screen short scenarios ending in a wh-question. DCTs were controlled for power, solidarity, and context (with scenarios leading to the wh-questions being used either to request information or to make a statement). The results confirmed the role of context: the two context types led to the elicitation of distinct tunes, L*+H L-! H% for information-seeking questions, and L+H* L-L% for implicit statements, with lower scaling and later alignment of the accentual H in the former, and differences in final F0 consistent with a ! H% and L% boundary tone respectively. In addition, questions after information contexts were shorter, but with a significantly longer final vowel. Politeness also affected duration, with conditions requiring a greater degree of politeness (the addressee being non-solidary and of different social status than the speaker) leading to lower speaking rate. The results indicate that tunes are associated with different durational profiles, which are also influenced by politeness. These results support recent studies showing that the study of intonation must include parameters beyond F0.
Investibility and Return Volatility in Emerging Equity Markets

Unlike previous studies that examine how emerging market return volatility changes subsequent to stock market liberalization, this paper investigates the impact of investibility, or the degree to which a stock can be foreign-owned, on emerging market volatility. We find a positive relation between return volatility and the investibility of individual stocks, even after controlling for country, industry, firm size, and turnover. We also find that a highly investible emerging market portfolio is subject to larger world market exposure than a non-investible portfolio, suggesting that highly investible stocks are more integrated with the world and therefore more vulnerable to world market risk.
EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY TO CONTROL STEM END ROT DISEASE OF MANGO FRUIT IN PAKISTAN

Mango, being a perishable fruit, is subjected to various diseases caused by different pathogens that results in the loss of huge quantity of produce during post-harvest processes like grading, packing, marketing, storage and shipping to distance markets especially through sea shipment (Jha et al., 2010). Although, Pakistan is the 4 largest producer and exporter of mango but still facing several challenges specifically in term of post-harvest diseases which limits its share in international markets (Ambreen et al., 2014; Sharma, 2014). The post-harvest losses of mango are up to 17-36 % which may rise up to 100 % if proper management strategies are not in place, along with conditions favor the disease development (Johnson, 2008; Haggag, 2010). Among postharvest diseases of mango fruit, stem end rot caused significant loses that limit the thriving mango industry of Pakistan (Barkai-Golan, 2001; Tarnowski and Ploetz, 2008; Ambreen et al. 2014). Several pathogens have been found associated with this disease globally including Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Fusicoccum aesculi, Nattrassia mangiferae and Fusicoccum spp. in Australia and Brazil (Slippers et al. 2005; Costa et al. 2010) while Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in Egypt (Abdalla et al., 2003). Post-harvest disease management is very crucial issue during mango shipment particularly in distance markets (Amin et al., 2011). A growing number of foreign market places are no more permitting fungicidal application for import of fruits and vegetables because synthetic fungicides are very injurious due to their maximum residue level (MRL) on consumer’s health (Athukoralage, 2001; Hussain et al., 2011). Currently, plant extracts has attained consideration because they are nontoxic, safe for humans and environment, have antifungal activity and considered as best alternative of fungicides for post-harvest disease management (Obagwu and Korsten, 2003). Numerous studies have revealed the antifungal activity of plant extracts on a number of phytopathogenic fungi (Bonjar et al., 2005; Panti and kolte, 2006; Bhalodia et al., 2011). The aim of present study was to explore SER associated fungal pathogens, their pathogenicity and in vitro as well as in vivo screening of medicinal plant extracts as an alternative approach to manage SER disease.
Interannual and Decadal Cycles in River Flows of Southeastern South America

Abstract The time series of annual streamflow of four rivers in southeastern and south-central South America (the Negro, Paraguay, Parana, and Uruguay Rivers) for the period 1911–93 are analyzed. Application of the multitaper method shows that the following features are significant at the 95% level: 1) a nonlinear trend, 2) a near-decadal component, and 3) interannual peaks with ENSO timescales. The trend and near-decadal components are most marked in the two more central rivers, the Paraguay and Parana, with ENSO timescale variability most pronounced in the Negro and Uruguay rivers in the southeast. Composites of SST are made for each of the statistically significant oscillatory components of river flow, by reconstructing each component using singular spectrum analysis. These composites confirm the influence of ENSO on the streamflow variability of the Negro and Uruguay Rivers, with El Nino associated with enhanced streamflow. On the decadal timescale, high river runoff is associated with anomalously coo.
CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters - I. NGC 2169, Melotte 105 and NGC 6250

The search for chemically peculiar (CP) stars in open clusters using photoelectric photometry sampling the presence of the characteristic flux depression feature at 5200 A via the -system (Maitzen 1976) has so far delivered data for objects usually no more distant than 1000 pc from the Sun. A series of fourteen papers (first: Maitzen & Hensberge 1981; for the time being last: Maitzen 1993) were devoted to 1240 stars in 38 open cluster fields. If one intends to study the presence of CP stars at larger distances from the Sun, classical photometry has to be replaced by CCD photometry. We have therefore initialized in 1995 a new survey in open clusters and the Large Magellanic Cloud using the CCD technology. As a first step, we have presented new -photometry of 22 CP2 stars in the galactic field to prove the capability of CCD photometry for our aim (Maitzen et al. 1997). In the first paper of a new series devoted to CCD photometry, we present data on NGC 2169 (13 stars investigated), Melotte 105 (114 stars), and NGC 6250 (48 stars). NGC 2169 was used to test our results with those of classical photometry which yields excellent agreement. For NGC 6250 we find two new definite CP2 (according to the definition by Preston 1974) stars ( = 0.065 and 0.026 mag) and two λ Bootis candidates. Twelve objects with only marginally peculiar -values for Melotte 105 were detected. Additional spectroscopic and photometric evidence is needed to substantiate their peculiarity.
OBJECTIVE METHOD OF ESTIMATING ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT FOR DETERMINING COLOR GRADE OF GRAPES

THE USDA COLOR GRADE of hand-harvested grapes is determined visually (USDA, 1965). Such a subjective technique is not satisfactory for grading the color of mechanicallyharvested grapes because the skins are often separated from the pulp and the harvest consists of a mixture of skin, pulp, whole fruit and juice in a 4 ft X 4 ft X 4 ft plastic-lined bin. Fresh grapes must have adequate color if they are to produce concentrated frozen juice of satisfactory color. The USDA color grade of the frozen concentrated sweetened juice is based on absorbance of the juice (pH 3.2) at 430 and 52.0 nm (USDA, 1957). Absorbance at 430 nm indicates degree of degradation, and at 520 nm indicates the anthocyanin (Acy) content. Since the color of concentrated frozen juice is based on Acy content, juice color should be satisfactory if the fresh grapes contain adequate Acy. This study was to establish a rapid objective optical method for estimating Acy content, which could be used to grade the color of mechanically-harvested grapes. The study was designed so that macerates prepared for USDA grade determination of soluble solids could also be used for Acy analyses. For soluble solids determination, samples are collected randomly from bins and macerated together.
Study of prescription patterns of antibiotic in tertiary care hospital

Prescription pattern monitoring studies (PPMS) are a tool for assessing the prescribing, dispensing and distribution of medicines. Prescription pattern monitoring studies (PPMS) are drug utilization studies with the main focus on prescribing, dispensing and administering of drugs. They promote appropriate use of monitored drugs and reduction of abuse or misuse of monitored drugs.In order to improve theprescriptionquality and rationalprescription patternpromotion, there is an unavoidable need to investigate the factors that affect doctors'prescription patterns. Antibiotics are most commonly used drugs and are used as both prophylactically and to treat an ongoing infection . Irrational use of antibiotics can lead to poly-pharmacy; and over use and miss-use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.As antibiotics are most commonly prescribed drugs and report of misuse is not uncommon so proper strategy like educational intervention and antibiotic policy are necessary to control this.
Clinical Biomechanics: Contributions to the Medical Treatment of Physical Abnormalities

Biomechanics is defined as the application of the laws of mechanics to the study or structure and function of movement. It is a relatively new subdiscipline to the domain of kinesiology. Biomechanics was initially closely associated with the study of sports technique. However, over the years, biomechanics has taken on a much more diverse field of study. In this paper, we will describe the contributions that biomechanics has made to the area of clinical biomechanics research in terms of clinical assessment and outcomes and the design of clinical apparatus. The first example examines a clinical assessment of a cerebral palsy child. The goals of such a clinical assessment are 1) to determine the primary problems with the locomotion capabilities of the individual, 2) to recommend treatment options, and 3) to evaluate treatment outcomes. In the second example, a procedure is described for designing braces for scoliosis patients. For this example, a three-dimensional digital twin is developed using a scanning t.
Evaluation of the effect of intermediate agents on the shear bond strength of repaired aged silorane resin composite

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding effect of different intermediate agents on the bond strength of silorane resin composite (FiltekTM P90,3M ESPE) that repaired by either silorane (FiltekTM P90) or methacrylate based resin composite (FiltekTM Z250,3M ESPE) Materials and Methods: Eighty specimens of resin composite prepared by filling silorane (FiltekTM P90) into a retentive cavity (6mm in diameter and 2mm in depth) of acrylic mold. The composite were polymerized, water stored at 37°C for one week. Their surface were finished with medium (violet) super-snap disks then rinsed in ultrasonic cleaner. Repair was performed with either silorane (FiltekTM P90) or methacrylate based composite (FiltekTM Z250) by using several intermediate agents which include (P90 System Adhesive, Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose and Clearfil repair kit). The shear bond strength (crosshead speed 0.5 mm/min) was measured after an additional water storage of 24 hour. Results: Statistical analysis of data revealed that intermediate agents enhanced the bond strength significantly (p<0.001). The highest shear bond strength were determined for Clearfil repair kit and P90 System Adhesive which were significantly higher than the control (p<0.001). Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose enhanced the bond strength significantly than the control but it was significantly lower than the other adhesive systems (p<0.001). Conclusions: The ClearfilTM Repair kit and P90 System Adhesive were the most effective intermediate agents for repair of silorane restoration with both silorane and methacrylate repair materials.Use of Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose resulted in bond strength which is considered clinically inadequate.
Kinetic Studies of the Solvolyses of 4-Nitrophenyl Phenyl Thiophosphorochloridate

Rates of solvolyses of 4-nitrophenyl phenyl thiophosphorochloridate (4-NO2PhOP(S)(Cl)OPh, 1) in ethanol, methanol, and aqueous binary mixtures incorporating ethanol, methanol, acetone, and 2,2,2-trifluroethanol (TFE) are reported. Thermodynamic parameters were determined at several temperatures in three representative solvents. The extended Grunwald-Winstein equation was applied to 29 solvents and the correlation coefficient (R) showed 0.959. The sensitivities (l = 1.37 and m = 0.62) are similar to those obtained for diphenyl thiophosphorochloridate ((PhO)2PSCl, 2), diphenyl phosphorochloridate ((PhO)2POCl, 3), diphenyl phosphinic chloride (Ph2POCl, 4), and diphenyl thiophosphinic chloride (Ph2PSCl, 5). The solvolytic reaction mechanism of 4-nitrophenyl phenyl thiophosphorochloridate (1) is suggested to be proceeded a SN2 process as previously reported result. The activation enthalpies are shown as slightly low as ∆H ≠ = 9.62 to 11.9 kcal·mol -1 and the activation entropies are shown as slightly high negative value as ∆S ≠ = ‒34.1 to ‒44.9 cal·mol -1 ·K -1 compared to the expected SN2 reaction mechanism. Kinetic solvent isotope effects are accord with a typical SN2 mechanism as shown in the range of 2.41 in MeOH/ MeOD and 2.57 in H2O/D2O solvent mixtures.
Insolvency Prediction in Companies: an Empirical Study in Italy

The study stems from the relevance of the global economic crisis which is affecting companies to an increasing extent. The objective of the paper is to test the degree of effectiveness of the insolvency prediction models, most widely used in the literature, including recent works (Jackson and Wood, 2013), with reference to Lombardy, the most important Italian region in terms of industrialization rate. The following models were used, selected according to their diffusion and the statistical technique used: 1) Discriminant analysis Altman (1983); Taffler (1983); 2) Logit Analysis Ohlson (1980). The study identifies the state of health of companies in 2012, using the financial reporting data of the three previous years. The research sample consists of 58,750 companies (58,367 non-failed and 383 failed). Among the main results, it is observed that, for all the models, a prediction of default is often erroneously made for companies which are solvent, whereas failed companies are classified with a lower degree of error. The objective of the paper is preparatory to the second part of the research in progress in which, on the basis of the results presented here, some modifications will be made to the insolvency prediction models selected, significant for the Italian context, with the aim of identifying a company insolvency “alert model” which can be used by the various stakeholders. The results are interpreted in the light of the Stakeholder Theory.
Crystal chemistry of the mendipite-type system Pb3O2Cl2—Pb3O2Br2

Abstract The crystal structures of the mendipite series Pb3O2Cl2—Pb3O2Br2 have been solved by direct methods. The structures are based upon [O2Pb3]2+ double chains of edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. There are three symmetrically independent Pb2+ cations. The number of nonequivalent halogen sites is two (X1, X2). Short Pb—O bonds are located on one side of the Pb2+ cations and weak Pb-X bonds are located on the other side of the Pb2+ coordination sphere. The evident strong distortion of the Pb2+ coordination polyhedra is due to the stereoactivity of the 6s2 lone electron pairs of the Pb2+ cations. Pb1-X2 and Pb2-X2 bonds are the most sensitive to the X site occupancy, which is in agreement with the non-linear behavior of the a and c parameters. Determination of unit-cell parameters by single crystal studies showed strong deviation from Vegard's rule. Nonlinearity of the lattice parameters is caused by selective ordering of the halide anions over X1 and X2 sites. Br atoms prefer the X2 position, whereas Cl prefers the X1 site. The angle between two adjacent OPb4 tetrahedra was determined to analyze the influence of halogen atoms on the structure of the [O2Pb3]2+ chain. Different occupancy of the X1 site by Cl and Br atoms leads to most pronounced angular changes. These observations may be interpreted as adaptation of the [O2Pb3]2+ double chains to the large halide ions in the crystal structures of the mendipite series compounds.
Testing the impact of diagenesis on the δ18O and δ13C of benthic foraminiferal calcite from a sediment burial depth transect in the equatorial Pacific

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope (δ18O and δ13C) values measured in foraminiferal calcite are one of the primary tools used in paleoceanography. Diagenetic recrystallisation of foraminiferal calcite can act to reset primary isotopic values but its effects are typically poorly quantified. Here we test the impact of early stage diagenesis on stable isotope records generated from a suite of drill sites in the equatorial Pacific Ocean recovered during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 199 and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 320. Our selected sites form paleowater- and burial-depth transects, with excellent stratigraphic control allowing us to confidently correlate our records. We observe large inter-site differences in the preservation state of benthic foraminiferal calcite, implying very different recrystallisation histories, but negligible inter-site offsets in benthic δ18O and δ13C values. We infer that diagenetic alteration of benthic foraminiferal calcite (in sedimentary oozes) must predominantly occur at shallow burial depths (<100 m) where offsets in both the temperature and isotopic composition of waters in which the foraminifera calcified and pore-waters in which diagenesis occurs are small. Our results suggest that even extensive recrystallisation of benthic foraminiferal calcite results in minimal shifts from primary δ18O and δ13C values. This finding supports the long-held suspicion that diagenetic alteration of foraminiferal calcite is less problematic in benthic than in planktic foraminifera and that in deep–sea sediments routinely employed for palaeoceanographic studies benthic foraminifera are robust recorders of stable isotope values in the fossil record.