Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Child Sexual Abuser: Perceptions of College Students and Professionals

College students and members of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) were compared as to their beliefs and attitudes concerning perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Analyses of a 44-item inventory (assessing beliefs about an abuser's demographics and attitudes concerning an abuser's cognitions and behaviors) indicated that the groups differed on perceived demographic descriptors (e.g., students believed perpetrators to be older when they first begin offending, more educated, and more likely to be gay than the professionals) and behaviors (e.g., students believed that the perpetrator was more likely to use force to gain the child's compliance). In addition, 2 subscales (Cognitive Distortions and Perceived Social Functioning) were identified. Compared to professionals, students were less likely to believe perpetrators use cognitive distortions and were more likely to believe perpetrators function at a lower interpersonal level. Results are discussed in terms of the efforts to educate the public about the characteristics of child sexual abusers.
Physician internet medical information seeking and on‐line continuing education use patterns

Introduction: Although physician Internet use patterns have been studied, little attention has been paid to how current physician learning and change theories relate to physician Internet information seeking and on‐line learning behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine physician medical information–seeking behaviors and their relevance to continuing education (CE) providers who design and develop on‐line CE activities. Methods: A survey concerning Internet use and learning was administered by facsimile transmission to a random sample of 2,200 U.S. office‐based physicians of all specialties. Results: Nearly all physicians have access to the Internet, know how to use it, and access it for medical information; the Internet's professional importance to physicians currently is in the area of professional development and information seeking to provide better care rather than for patient‐physician communication. A particular patient problem was the most common reason for seeking information. The credibility of the source, quick and 24‐hour access to information, and ease of searching were most important to physicians. Barriers to use included too much information to scan and too little specific information to respond to a defined question. Discussion: The importance of the Internet to physician professional development is growing rapidly. Access to on‐line continuing medical education must be immediate, relevant, credible, and easy to use. A sense of high utility demands content that is focused and well indexed. The roles of the CE provider must be reshaped to include helping physicians seek and construct the kind of knowledge they need to improve patient care.
The structure of affect in a non-western culture: evidence for cross-cultural comparability.

We investigated the structure of affect in the Filipino culture and compared our results to those in Western studies. Four samples of students (ns = 397 to 530) rated their mood for today, the past week, or in general, using near-comprehensive sets of Filipino mood adjectives. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a hierarchical model of affect and the cross-cultural comparability of self-report mood dimensions (i.e., higher-order Positive and Negative Affect, plus specific affects corresponding to hypothesized universal or basic emotions). The results were more consistent with biological theories of affect than a strong social constructivist perspective.
Two Heme Binding Sites Are Involved in the Regulated Degradation of the Bacterial Iron Response Regulator (Irr) Protein*

The iron response regulator (Irr) protein from Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a conditionally stable protein that degrades in response to cellular iron availability. This turnover is heme-dependent, and rapid degradation involves heme binding to a heme regulatory motif (HRM) of Irr. Here, we show that Irr confers iron-dependent instability on glutathione S-transferase (GST) when fused to it. Analysis of Irr-GST derivatives with C-terminal truncations of Irr implicated a second region necessary for degradation, other than the HRM, and showed that the HRM was not sufficient to confer instability on GST. The HRM-defective mutant IrrC29A degraded in the presence of iron but much more slowly than the wild-type protein. This slow turnover was heme-dependent, as discerned by the stability of Irr in a heme-defective mutant strain. Whereas the HRM of purified recombinant Irr binds ferric (oxidized) heme, a second site that binds ferrous (reduced) heme was identified based on spectral analysis of truncation and substitution mutants. A mutant in which histidines 117–119 were changed to alanines severely diminished ferrous, but not ferric, heme binding. Introduction of these substitutions in an Irr-GST fusion stabilized the protein in vivo in the presence of iron. We conclude that normal iron-dependent Irr degradation involves two heme binding sites and that both redox states of heme are required for rapid turnover.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to healthcare ethics among medical and dental postgraduate students in south India.

BACKGROUND Conventional medical training offers students little help in resolving the ethical dilemmas they will encounter as healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE This article aims to assess the knowledge of, practices in and attitudes to healthcare ethics among postgraduate medical and dental students. METHODOLOGY A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was carried out at two medical and dental schools in south India. A total of 209 medical and dental students were contacted and at least three were selected from each subspecialty of medicine and dentistry.One hundred and ninety-nine consented to participate and 7 72 returned the questionnaire (response rate 83%). The questionnaire,which was a 35-item pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire,included both closed and open-ended questions. The proposal for the study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB)and the permission of the respective heads of department was obtained. Written consent was obtained from each participant.The returned questionnaires were analysed using SPSS version 7 7 . 5. Descriptive analysis was carried out for all the data. The attitudes of the postgraduates of different courses towards practical ethical problems were compared using a Chi square test. RESULTS Medical and dental postgraduates had obtained their knowledge of bioethics from "other sources such as the Internet,newspapers, etc~ followed by their "undergraduate training" and"experience at work': Nearly 68% of the postgraduates had not undergone any bioethics training. Nearly 98% of the medical postgraduates, as compared to 79% of the dental postgraduates,knew that their institution had an ethics committee. There was a difference between the medical and dental students in terms of their attitude to and knowledge of healthcare ethics, with the former having a superior knowledge of the subject and a better attitude. CONCLUSIONS The medical and dental postgraduates come across ethical issues during their training, but are not equipped to resolve the ethical dilemmas they encounter. The dental postgraduates have less of an appreciation of healthcare ethics than their medical counterparts. The incorporation of a bioethics curriculum in the initial period of the postgraduate programme would be beneficial.
The biosynthesis of membrane and soluble plastidic c‐type cytochromes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is dependent on multiple common gene products.

Cytochrome c6 functions in the thylakoid lumen to catalyze electron transfer from reduced cytochrome f of the cytochrome b6f complex to P700+ of photosystem I. The biogenesis of mature cyt c6 from cytosolically translated pre‐apocytochrome c6 involves numerous post‐translational modifications including the proteolytic removal of a transit sequence and the covalent attachment of heme to two cysteinyl thiols on the apoprotein. Here, we report on the characterization of a previously unrecognized class of non‐allelic mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that are blocked at the conversion of apocyt c6 to holocyt c6. The mutants are acetate requiring since they are also deficient in cyt f, cyt b and the Rieske FeS protein. Pulse‐chase studies indicate that heme attachment is not required for the two‐step processing of pre‐apocytochrome c6 to apocyt c6, but is required for the stability of the mature protein. This is in contrast to the biosynthesis of mitochondrial cyt c1 where heme attachment is required for the second processing step. We propose that the assembly of both holocytochrome c6 and the cytochrome b6f complex are dependent on common gene products, possibly those involved in heme delivery or metabolism. This is the first suggestion that multiple loci are involved in the biosynthesis of both plastidic c‐type cytochromes.
Low-level prenatal lead exposure and neurobehavioral development of children in the first year of life: a prospective study in Shanghai.

We used a prospective study design to assess the effects of prenatal low-level lead exposure on the development of urban, inner-city children in Shanghai. Umbilical cord blood samples wee consecutively collected from 605 live newborns. Two hundred and fifty-seven samples were excluded from the study due to clotting. Lead levels were determined on 348 cord blood samples. The geometric mean was 9.2 micrograms/dl. Based on their cord blood lead levels, infants were classified into two exposure groups: 104 in a relatively low lead group (lead levels < or = 30 percentile), and 104 in a relatively high lead group (lead levels > or = 70 percentile). Seventy-five subjects failed to complete the study, and 133 babies were included in the final cohort: 69 babies in the high lead group and 64 in the low lead group. At 3, 6, and 12 months, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered and capillary blood lead levels were measured. Detailed information was obtained on a wide range of variables relevant to infant development. At all three ages, the Mental Development index (MDI) scores, adjusted for confounders, were inversely related to the infants' cord blood lead levels. The difference of the mean adjusted MDI scores between low and high lead groups was 3.4 at 3 months, 6.3 at 6 months, and 5.2 at 12 months of age. These differences were statistically significant at all time points. No significant association between cord blood lead levels and the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scores was detected at all three visits after adjustment for confounders. Postnatal lead levels were unrelated to concurrent developmental status. We conclude that prenatal low-level lead exposure, which is relatively common in Shanghai, is associated with an adverse developmental impact on children through the first year of life.
Alternative pathways for Escherichia coli biofilm formation revealed by sRNA overproduction

Small regulatory RNAs have major roles in many regulatory circuits in Escherichia coli and other bacteria, including the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth. We tested Hfq‐dependent sRNAs in E. coli for their ability, when overproduced, to inhibit or stimulate biofilm formation, in two different growth media. We identify two mutually exclusive pathways for biofilm formation. In LB, PgaA, encoding an adhesion export protein, played a critical role; biofilm was independent of the general stress factor RpoS or CsgD, regulator of curli and other biofilm genes. The PgaA‐dependent pathway was stimulated upon overproduction of DsrA, via negative regulation of H‐NS, or of GadY, likely by titration of CsrA. In yeast extract casamino acids (YESCA) media, biofilm was dependent on RpoS and CsgD, but independent of PgaA; RpoS appears to indirectly negatively regulate the PgaA‐dependent pathway in YESCA medium. Deletions of most sRNAs had very little effect on biofilm, although deletion of hfq, encoding an RNA chaperone, was defective in both LB and YESCA. Deletion of ArcZ, a small RNA activator of RpoS, decreased biofilm in YESCA; only a portion of this defect could be bypassed by overproduction of RpoS. Overall, sRNAs highlight different pathways to biofilm formation.
Exchange Rate, FDI Outflow and Trade Linkage: Evidence of Seven US’ Sub-Sectors in Manufacturing Industry

Previous literatures have come to a mixed result on how FDI flows affect both export and import. A possibility of endogeneity problem might arise that made this relationship is quite difficult to conclude, let alone using aggregate data may arise aggregate bias. Using US FDI outflow 2-digit ISIC Revision.3 as industry code and 6-digit trade data obtained from UNCOMTRADE, this thesis tries to reveal relationship between US FDI outflow and trade across seven sub sectors in manufacturing industry in the US. It is found that, indeed, the relationship of US FDI outflow and trade vary across these sub-sectors. It is reported that there are three sub-sectors that US FDI outflow complements both export and import, there two sub sectors that US FDI outflow affects differently to each export and imports. Lastly, there are two sub sectors that US FDI outflow affects negatively on both export and import, making the relationship is substitute. Further, this thesis also tries to find linkage of exchange rate on trade and FDI in different sub sectors, since exchange rate is a mutual determinant factor in these two indicators. It is found that almost in all sub sectors, exchange rate gives both direct effect and indirect effect (through FDI) on trade. Moreover, the effect of exchange rate on FDI outflow confirms our proposed hypothesis only in Metal and Machinery manufacturing that appreciation in US dollar leading the US investors to increase direct investment abroad since US dollar dominates other currency, however, only Machinery manufacturing is found statistically significant.
Local, global, and nonlinear screening in twisted double-layer graphene

Significance Using scanning tunneling microscopy and numerical simulations we demonstrate that a graphene buffer sheet placed underneath an atomically thin layer is an extremely effective method to increase the quality of 2D electron systems without modifying their electronic structure and without compromising the gating capabilities. We show that owing to its remarkable nonlinear screening capability the graphene buffer layer provides better shielding from substrate-induced perturbations than either increasing the distance to the substrate or doubling the carrier density, or even than using a graphene bilayer. One-atom-thick crystalline layers and their vertical heterostructures carry the promise of designer electronic materials that are unattainable by standard growth techniques. To realize their potential it is necessary to isolate them from environmental disturbances, in particular those introduced by the substrate. However, finding and characterizing suitable substrates, and minimizing the random potential fluctuations they introduce, has been a persistent challenge in this emerging field. Here we show that Landau-level (LL) spectroscopy offers the unique capability to quantify both the reduction of the quasiparticles’ lifetime and the long-range inhomogeneity due to random potential fluctuations. Harnessing this technique together with direct scanning tunneling microscopy and numerical simulations we demonstrate that the insertion of a graphene buffer layer with a large twist angle is a very effective method to shield a 2D system from substrate interference that has the additional desirable property of preserving the electronic structure of the system under study. We further show that owing to its remarkable nonlinear screening capability a single graphene buffer layer provides better shielding than either increasing the distance to the substrate or doubling the carrier density and reduces the amplitude of the potential fluctuations in graphene to values even lower than the ones in AB-stacked bilayer graphene.
CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) of colorectal cancer is best characterised by quantitative DNA methylation analysis and prospective cohort studies

Background: The concept of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is not universally accepted. Even if specific clinicopathological features have been associated with CIMP, investigators often failed to demonstrate a bimodal distribution of the number of methylated markers, which would suggest CIMP as a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer. Previous studies primarily used methylation specific polymerase chain reaction which might detect biologically insignificant low levels of methylation. Aim: To demonstrate a distinct genetic profile of CIMP colorectal cancer using quantitative DNA methylation analysis that can distinguish high from low levels of DNA methylation. Materials and methods: We developed quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (MethyLight) assays and measured DNA methylation (percentage of methylated reference) of five carefully selected loci (promoters of CACNA1G, CDKN2A (p16), CRABP1, MLH1, and NEUROG1) in 460 colorectal cancers from large prospective cohorts. Results: There was a clear bimodal distribution of 80 microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumours according to the number of methylated promoters, with no tumours showing 3/5 methylated loci. Thus we defined CIMP as having ⩾4/5 methylated loci, and 17% (78) of the 460 tumours were classified as CIMP. CIMP was significantly associated with female sex, MSI, BRAF mutations, and wild-type KRAS. Both CIMP MSI-H tumours and CIMP microsatellite stable (MSS) tumours showed much higher frequencies of BRAF mutations (63% and 54%) than non-CIMP counterparts (non-CIMP MSI-H (0%, p<10−5) and non-CIMP MSS tumours (6.6%, p<10−4), respectively). Conclusion: CIMP is best characterised by quantitative DNA methylation analysis. CIMP is a distinct epigenotype of colorectal cancer and may be less frequent than previously reported.
The association between candidate migraine susceptibility loci and severe migraine phenotype in a clinical sample

Introduction The objective of the study was to follow up and to test whether 12 previously identified migraine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated as risk factors and/or modifying factors for severe migraine traits in a Danish clinic-based population. Methods Semi-structured migraine interviews, blood sampling and genotyping were performed on 1806 unrelated migraineurs recruited from the Danish Headache Center. Genotyping was also performed on a control group of 6415 people with no history of migraine. Association analyses were carried out using logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated assuming an additive model for risk. The proxies for severe migraine traits (early onset of migraine; many lifetime attacks, prolonged migraine and tendency to chronification of migraine) were tested against the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms and a combined genetic score in both a case-control and case-only logistic regression model. Results We successfully replicated five out of the 12 previously reported loci and confirmed the same direction of effects for all the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In line with the recently published genome-wide association meta-analysis, the associations were significant for all migraine and migraine without aura but not for migraine with typical aura. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2274316 and rs11172113) conferred risk of many lifetime attacks inthe case-control analysis. In the case-only analysis, only three single nucleotide polymorphisms showed nominal association with many lifetime attacks and prolonged migraine attacks. Conclusion Our study supports previously reported findings on the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms with migraine. It also suggests that the migraine susceptibility loci may be risk factors for severe migraine traits.
How to Get From Antiplatelet to Antithrombotic Treatment

Despite undisputed clinical benefit of platelet inhibitors in an acute interventional setting, chronic antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel have shown a moderate reduction of approximately 18% in the prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke. More recent data on the effect of combining the two compounds leading to an irreversible blockade of cyclooxygenase as well as the adenosine diphosphate receptor showed increased protection from cardiac events in patients with unstable angina and no significant protection from stroke. This improvement did come with the price of a significant increase in major bleeding, requiring hospitalization or transfusion. Furthermore, the most potent inhibition of platelet aggregation by blocking the binding of fibrinogen to activated platelets did not further improve the clinical outcome. All major clinical investigations of the effect of chronic administration have been recently terminated owing to an overall increased mortality rate for the entire class of drugs of orally active fibrinogen receptor antagonists. This poses the question of whether measuring platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo can serve as an adequate surrogate parameter to select antithrombotic therapy, particularly in the chronic setting. When evaluating the importance of other endogenous antithrombotic defense systems, the test for inhibition of platelet aggregation must fail. The importance of the endogenous defense systems is easily demonstrated by in vivo studies of thrombus formation in smaller vessels. The rapid and well-balanced interaction of local prothrombotic as well as antithrombotic factors is key in keeping the process confined. By carefully shifting this balance with antiplatelet therapy in combination with therapy to amplify the endogenous antithrombotic defense systems, a far more pronounced overall antithrombotic therapeutic effect can be demonstrated. By employing more complex antithrombotic tests performed in vivo, this balance can be studied. These studies confirm the importance of the ratio of two independent antithrombotic treatments when given together, which was not reflected in in vitro tests but was found to correlate with clinical outcome data. The attention in selecting antithrombotic treatment is to be shifted from approaches only directed toward the inhibition of platelets to an antithrombotic treatment, which includes amplification of the local therapeutic effects often mediated through the vessel wall.
COMPOUND HETEROZYGOSITY FOR α0-THALASSEMIA (−−THAI) AND Hb CONSTANT SPRING CAUSES SEVERE Hb H DISEASE

We report two unrelated cases of Hb H-Constant Spring (Hb H-CS) disease caused by a compound heterozygosity for α0-thalassemia (−−THAI deletion) and Hb CS (α142, TAA→CAA) in Thai patients. Hematological and clinical observations in the probands are more severe than those of deletional type of Hb H disease (−−/–α), owing to an early onset of anemia and recurrent episode of anemic crises. These cases also address the importance of the −−THAI deletion which causes a severe clinical phenotype, and that could be missed by routine screening. We suggest that testing for this mutation should be included in the screening program for the prevention and control of thalassemia in Thailand, and possibly in other countries in Southeast Asia, where α0-thalassemias are highly prevalent.