Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmological galaxy formation simulations using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

We present the McMaster Unbiased Galaxy Simulations (MUGS), the first 9 galaxies of an unbiased selection ranging in total mass from 5×10 11 Mto 2×10 12 Msimu- lated using n-body smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) at high resolution. The simulations include a treatment of low temperature metal cooling, UV background radiation, star formation, and physically motivated stellar feedback. Mock images of the simulations show that the simulations lie within the observed range of relations such as that between color and magnitude and that between brightness and circular velocity (Tully-Fisher). The greatest discrepancy between the simulated galaxies and observed galaxies is the high concentration of material at the center of the galaxies as represented by the centrally peaked rotation curves and the high bulge-to-total ratios of the simulations determined both kinematically and photometrically. This central concentration represents the excess of low angular momentum material that long has plagued morphological studies of simulated galaxies and suggests that higher resolu- tions and a more accurate description of feedback will be required to simulate more realistic galaxies. Even with the excess central mass concentrations, the simulations suggest the important role merger history and halo spin play in the formation of disks.
Quality Seed Production of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) cv. Sukhsagar as Influenced by Bulb Size and Date of Planting

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is by far the most important vegetable crop grown in India. It is valued for its distinct pungent flavour and antioxidental components like, allicin, alliinthiosulfates and sulphites etc. present in onion helps fighting against free radicals which causes cancer, high blood cholesterol, sugar, liver problems and intestinal problems. India is one of the largest producers of onion in the world second only to China, accounting for 24.47% of world area and 20.20% of production [1]. The area and production of onion in India are about 10.51 lakh hectares and 168.13 Lakh tonnes of bulb, respectively, with an average productivity of 16.0 t/ha (Anonymous, 2013). The productivity is very low as compared to the world average productivity of 19.4 t/ha (Anonymous, 2013). Thus, reflecting the huge scope to increase yield in India. Lower productivity of onion in India could be attributed to the limited availability of quality seeds and associated production technologies used, among the others.
ENSO Index-Based Insurance for Agricultural Protection in Southern Peru

Agricultural operations in southern Peru are particularly vulnerable to climate variability due to water resource scarcity. In general, the response to drier than normal conditions in this region is reactive and fairly limited due to challenges associated with climate forecasting and administrative capacity to distribute resources. To shift this paradigm, we investigate the potential for an El Nino–Southern Oscillation index-based insurance product. The article presents a demonstration of methodology and application for one specific crop in a department of southern Peru. The purpose of this product is to streamline the ability of decision makers to provide financial relief to affected farmers during, and perhaps before, drought; extending the lead-time of the index that is used to trigger product payouts produces results of similar skill to a product trained on concurrent conditions. Issues explored in this work include basis risk, initial endowment requirements, product longevity, and the potential crossover from index-based insurance to forecast-based financing. The ability of such products to mitigate losses during and after drought may be advantageous in Peru and other regions with notable interannual climate variability.
Effects of enzyme application method on in vitro rumen fermentation of tropical forages

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of method of delivery of a solution contaning cellulase on the in vitro rumen fermentation (24 h) of three tropical forages. Enzyme was applied to forages either at the time of incubation or 24 h before. Both cellulase treatments increased (P<0.05) acetate, propionate and total VFA production, as well as neutral-detergent fi bre degradability (NDFD) with all forages. NDFD increased signifi cantly (P<0.05) with all forages when 24 h pre-treatment of forage with the enzyme was allowed, and this pre-treatment also tended to increase (P<0.05) gas production with two of the three forages. The results indicate that 24 h pre-treatment of forages with cellulase could increase the effi cacy of this enzyme, but the incubated forage affects the results.
Constraints on Metal Oxide and Metal Hydroxide Abundances in the Winds of AGB Stars: Potential Detection of FeO in R Dor

Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we observed the stellar wind of two oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars, IK Tau and R Dor, between 335 and 362 GHz. One aim was to detect metal oxides and metal hydroxides (AlO, AlOH, FeO, MgO, and MgOH), some of which are thought to be direct precursors of dust nucleation and growth. We report on the potential first detection of FeO (v = 0, Ω = 4, J = 11–10) in R Dor (mass-loss rate ∼ 1 × 10−7 M⊙ yr−1). The presence of FeO in IK Tau ( ∼ 5 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1) cannot be confirmed, due to a blend with 29SiS, a molecule that is absent in R Dor. The detection of AlO in R Dor and of AlOH in IK Tau was reported earlier by Decin et al. All other metal oxides and hydroxides, as well as MgS, remain undetected. We derive a column density N(FeO) of 1.1 ± 0.9 × 1015 cm−2 in R Dor, or a fractional abundance [FeO/H] ∼ 1.5 × 10−8 accounting for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects. The derived fractional abundance [FeO/H] is a factor ∼20 larger than conventional gas-phase chemical-kinetic predictions. This discrepancy may be partly accounted for by the role of vibrationally excited OH in oxidizing Fe, or it may be evidence for other currently unrecognized chemical pathways producing FeO. Assuming a constant fractional abundance w.r. t. H2, the upper limits for the other metals are [MgO/H2] < 5.5 × 10−10 (R Dor) and <7 × 10−11 (IK Tau), [MgOH/H2] < 9 × 10−9 (R Dor) and <1 × 10−9 (IK Tau), [CaO/H2] < 2.5 × 10−9 (R Dor) and <1 × 10−10 (IK Tau), [CaOH/H2] < 6.5 × 10−9 (R Dor) and <9 × 10−10 (IK Tau), and [MgS/H2] < 4.5 × 10−10 (R Dor) and <6 × 10−11 (IK Tau). The retrieved upper-limit abundances for these latter molecules are in accord with the chemical model predictions.
Identifying key modulators of panic attacks in panic disorder: A translational model

Panic disorder (PD) has a prevalence of 4% in the general population, but its pathophysiology remains elusive. This research focuses on identifying molecular and genetic modulators of unpredictable, recurrent panic attacks which characterize PD. Prior studies revealed that the serotonin transporter, 5-HTT, is involved in fear behavior and that genetic variations might affect panic-related behavior. In order to test these genetic variations on a molecular level a translational model consisting of humans and rodents was used. As follow-up of a human study, 40 male mice (background C57BL/6), wild-type and heterozygous 5-HTT knock-out, were exposed to either 9% CO2 or room air to experimentally provoke fearrelated behavior. Furthermore, the acid-sensing ion channel ASIC1a is hypothesized to be a linking factor between fear detection and fear response. It was tested whether this ASIC1a is expressed in serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, main source of serotonin, the pivotal neurotransmitter in panic responses. Localization of the ASIC1a channel was determined by use of immunofluorescence. Analysis of the behavioral tests showed no significant difference between genotypes in both air and carbon dioxide condition. Carbon dioxide exposure however increased freezing time in both genotypes. ASIC1a has been indicated in the dorsal raphe and hippocampus in perfusion-fixated rat tissue, but could not yet be detected in the dorsal raphe of the fresh-frozen tissue of tested mice.
Reinterpretation of a Middle Eocene Record of Tardigrada (Pilosa, Xenarthra, Mammalia) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, West Antarctica

Abstract An isolated and incomplete tooth, discovered in sediments of Middle Eocene La Meseta Fm on Seymour Island (northern Weddell Sea, West Antarctica), has previously been interpreted to be that of a sloth. The specimen as preserved is composed of dentine, as in sloths and tooth-bearing xenarthrans generally. However, characters associated with the dentinal histology of definite sloths are either not represented on the Seymour tooth, or depart considerably from tardigradan and even general xenarthran models according to new observations presented here. On the basis of histological criteria, the La Meseta tooth cannot be shown positively to be tardigradan; it may not even be xenarthran. Further progress with establishing its relationships will depend on the recovery of more (and better) specimens. For the moment, it is best attributed to Mammalia, incertae sedis.
The Incidence of Urban Poverty in the Female-Headed Households in Addis Ababa , Ethiopia

Although women these days are getting better concern in the socio-economic political spheres of the country, they still are lagging behind in all aspects and constitute the higher proportion of people living in absolute poverty. It has also been found in different studies that, there is higher proportion of poor women in the urban areas. National reports show that, the number of female-headed households under absolute poverty is higher than the male-headed ones in urban Ethiopia. Addis Ababa is among the leading in the prevalence of female-headed households (i.e.39.7%). This study thus focused on assessing the incidence of poverty in the female-headed households in Addis Ababa. Primary sources of data were extensively utilized and supported by some secondary sources. Both quantitative and qualitative data methods of data analysis were employed. The findings of the study made it clear that, the prevalence rate of poverty in the FHHs is high (73%) with a poverty gap of 20%. In addition to the lack of income,(91.4%) earning less than Birr 500 a month, they are living in under the danger of income insecurity. The incidence of poverty is higher among the households headed by migrants. Lack of education and large family size are found to be among the contributing factors to the higher incidence of poverty in the FHHs. Majority of them lacked decent housing and also basic facilities such as toilet and water taps; services like education, health and credit services. It is also found in this study that, poverty (lack of income) has pushed away the female-headed families from the participation of the highly valued local institutions. Although majority (76.3%) of them hope to escape poverty, the rest lost that hope for such reasons as old age, poor health, lack of job opportunity among other things. Giving special attention to women and to the FHHs in poverty reduction programmes and strategies; helping them to get more secured income sources; providing them with market places &entrepreneurial skills; checking the migration of women from origins; giving the female-headed families better access to education, health and credit services are among the possible interventions recommended to enable the FHHs escape poverty.
Sedimentary provenance study of the post-Early Permian to pre-Early Cretaceous metasedimentary Duque de York Complex, Chile

El Complejo Duque de York constituye una sucesion metasedimentaria del post Permico temprano a pre Cretacico temprano que aflora en los archipielagos de Madre de Dios y Diego de Almagro a lo largo de los Andes Patagonicos de Chile. La petrografia y geoquimica de las areniscas y limolitas de este complejo han sido analizadas para caracterizar su fuente y regimen tectonico depositacional. La composicion modal de las areniscas esta dominada por feldespato y, en una proporcion similar pero menor, por cuarzo. La composicion mineralogica de las areniscas y limolitas es compatible con un metamorfismo de bajo grado de la facies sub-esquistos verdes, el cual no afecto significativamente a la composicion geoquimica de estas rocas. A pesar de lo anterior, los analisis geoquimicos revelan distintos grados de enriquecimiento en K+, especialmente en las limolitas. El valor del indice de Alteracion Quimica de las areniscas y limolitas fluctua entre 58 y 71, lo que indica que el sedimento sufrio una alteracion quimica moderada en su fuente o durante el transporte. Las composiciones modales de las areniscas son concordantes con la erosion de las raices plutonicas de un arco magmatico. Los indices geoquimicos de proveniencia sugieren una fuente relativamente evolucionada, de composicion similar a la composicion tipica de una granodiorita de arco magmatico. Los datos indican que la acumulacion del material detritico ocurrio en un margen continental activo. Similitudes geocronologicas, petrograficas y geoquimicas entre los metasedimentos de Duque de York, del Grupo LeMay (Antartica Occidental) y del terreno Rakaia (Permico-Triasico Superior; Nueva Zelanda) sugieren un regimen geodinamico comun para estas tres sucesiones. Tal regimen probablemente constituyo un extenso margen continental activo durante el Paleozoico superior al Mesozoico temprano, posiblemente a lo largo del segmento Antartico de Gondwana.
INSECTS CONCENTRATE ON HYBRID PHENOTYPES OF EUCA L YPTUS

We examined distributions of 33 gall forming insect species on parent species and three hybrid phenotypes in two Eucalyptus hybrid zones in Australia. Variation in insect abundance among hybrid classes was greater than variation between species suggesting that hybrid zones are sites of dynamic interactions between plants and herbivores. For instance, of 25 galling species in Victoria, 52% showed significant differences in abundance among hybrid classes, whereas only 24% differed between pure host species. While some components of hybrid use were very predictable, others were not. Based on galler use of pure species, we could accurately predict which hybrid phenotype would be most used. Our data show that most gall species concentrate on the hybrid class that is most similar to the parent species on which it is most abundant. However, species related taxonomically or by feeding guild did not exhibit consistent responses to hybrid and parent hosts. Thus pooling either hybrid classes or insect species for statistical analysis may mask underlying patterns. Overall, galler responses to three hybrid phenotypes are consistent with the hypothesis that plant hybrid zones and especially backcross hybrids are centers of insect species richness and abundance. Furthermore, galler response to hybrid plants suggests that the narrow host specificity characteristic of gallers may be less strongly influenced by plant developmental processes than generally thought. Our observations support the hypothesis that genetic differences among host plants in hybrid zones underly patterns of insect host use. They also suggest that other mechanisms might be involved. Hybrid zone studies may have much to tell us about the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore interactions.
Performance Analysis of AntNet-LA Protocol for Ad-hoc Networks based on Disaster Area Mobility Model

Availability of cheap positioning instruments like GPS receivers makes it possible for routing algorithms to use the position of nodes in an ad hoc mobile network. Regular position based routing algorithms fail to find a route from a source to a destination in some cases when the network contains nodes with irregular transmission ranges or they find a route that is much longer than the shortest path. On the other hand routing algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) find routing paths that are close to the shortest paths even if the nodes in the network have different transmission ranges. The drawback of these algorithms is the large number of messages that needs to be sent or the long delay before the routes are established. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol AntNet-LA which combines the idea of ACO with information about position of all nodes. In this technique the distance between the nodes is considered to transmit the packets, hence overcomes the drawbacks of AntNet algorithm which considers only cumulative probability for packet transmission. We compare performance of AntNet-LA with AntNet, Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad-hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) protocols. We also compare performance of AntNet-LA with distance-aware protocols such as Location Aided Routing (LAR), Geographical AODV GeoAODV and Position Based ANT colony optimization (PBANT).
CONVENTIONAL APPENDICECTOMY VIA TRANS UMBILICAL APPROACH - OUR INSTITUTIONAL STUDY

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and cosmetic result of a novel approach i.e. conventional appendectomy via the trans umbilical route using routine open surgery instruments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 40 selected cases during period from Jan 2011 to April 2013 in Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka. Inclusion criteria were a thin built patient with lax abdominal wall, acute classical presentation in early stage of appendicitis, cases posted for interval appendicectomies, recurrent attacks of appendicitis or appendicular dyspepsia and also patients with positive clinical, laboratory and clear cut ultrasonography findings. Excluded from study group were those patients who presented few days later after acute attack, or with complications of mass formation /abscess, undiagnosed obscure causes of RIF pain with no classic history or findings and patients with pelvic peritonitis. RESULTS: Conventional appendicectomy was safely performed in 32 out of 40 cases studied, through single incision trans umbilical route. In remaining 8 cases an additional right iliac fossa incision with muscle cutting had to be employed for dissection of adhesions and retrocaecal /subhepatic positions of inflamed appendix and auto appendectomy with fecolith dislodgement which was observed intraoperatively in 2 cases. The calculated conversion rate was about 20 %. The mean operative time was almost same compared to routine surgery by Mc Burney incision (25 min v/s 22 min). The average hospital stay was 4 days. All patients were followed up for 3-6 months. 8 cases reported with seroma and mild infection from umbilicus which resolved spontaneously with conservative treatment. The estimated infection rate was 9 % in our study. None of the patients had any incisional hernia postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although Laparoscopy has largely superseded open surgery in diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis, open surgery with minimal invisible scar can still be undertaken at primary and secondary care level cost effectively with conventional open surgery instruments, by this novel technique in properly selected cases.
Public Knowledge and Corporate Innovation : Evidence of Spillovers to Technology-Based Firms in Japan

Knowledge transfer from universities and other public research institutions (PRIs) is often essential for innovation in firms. This knowledge transfer can take many forms, one of which is involuntary flows of knowledge called knowledge spillovers. The presence and accessibility of such spillovers means that firms have a supplementary source of knowledge, other than their own research efforts. While a number of studies examining the impact of such spillovers have been undertaken in the West, there are few comparable studies using empirical data from Japan that explore the relationship between spillovers from PRIs and innovation in fi rms. This paper addresses this gap by using data from Japanese PRIs and new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Several topics are examined: the evidence that knowledge spillovers from PRIs are localised in Japan; the extent to which such spillovers are contingent on geographical proximity; whether the type of tool used to measure spillovers – patents or scientific publications – has a bearing on the results; and the relationship between spillovers and innovation in Japanese NTBFs.
Global Integration of the Banking Industry: Evidence from A Renowned International Financial Centre Based on A Markov Regime Switching Approach

Due to the crucial role that banks play in the economy and the financial system, the issue of global integration of banks is of utmost importance. However, at present, the evidence on this issue is mixed. We therefore re-examine this issue with respect to a well-known international financial centre – Singapore. We test whether Singaporean banks are globally integrated. We investigate the extent, duration and speed of comovement between the bank stock prices of Singapore and those of the top three global financial centres the U.S., U.K. and Japan, based on a Markov regime switching approach. This approach allows us to incorporate market cycles into the analysis. Our results provide evidence of the integration of the Singaporean banking industry with that of the US and to a lesser extent with that of the UK; but not with that of Japan, however.
The Social Sharing of Emotion as an Interface Between Individual and Collective Processes in the Construction of Emotional Climates

The study of private emotional experiences reveals that an emotion is typically-followed by social sharing. Additionally, the target's responses stimulate the sharing person's emotional expression. The reciprocal stimulation of interactants favors empathy and emotional communion. Consequences are two-fold: (1) the sharing process reactivates emotional arousal in both agent and target, and (2) it strengthens social bonds. Sharing targets also share what they heard with others, who then experience a similar need. Social sharing also develops when an emotional event strikes collectively. In this case, however the propagation consequences are geared up in a spectacular manner both because there are as many sharing sources as there are members in the community and because every sharing reactivates felt emotions among interactants, thus reloading the propagation flow. It is argued that such chain reactions contribute to construct an emotional climate in I concerned community. It is predicted that emotion sharing would impact (1) on the emotional climate in general; (2) on group cohesion and solidarity, with positive consequences for emotional climate; and (3) on collective memory, with potential consequences for emotional climate in the long run. Each of these predictions is detailed and illustrated with available empirical evidence.
CRISPR/Cas9-Facilitated Chromosome Engineering to Model Human Chromosomal Alterations

Rodents, particularly the mouse, have been used extensively for genetic modeling and analysis of human chromosomal alterations based on the syntenic conservations between the human and rodent genomes. In this article, we will discuss the emergence of CRISPR/ Cas9-facilitated chromosome engineering techniques, which may open up a new avenue to study human diseases associated with chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syn- drome and cancer.