Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and the isolated fraction of Plumeria alba Linn.

To examine the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of methanolic extract and the isolated fraction of the plant Plumeria alba Linn. Antibacterial activity was assessed by standard dilution test using Mueller Hinton agar (MH)medium. The zone of inhibitionwas compared with that of Standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin (5iÂ­g/disc) by disc diffusionmethod. TheAnti fungal activity was assessed by standard dilution technique using Sabouraud (SDA) dextrose agar medium. The results are compared with standard Clotrimazole (125mcg/ml). An attempt was made to isolate the fraction responsible for the antimicrobial property of the extract. Themethanol extract showed potential anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties comparable with standard Ciprofloxacin and Clotrimazole respectively against the organism examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract for antibacterial activity was 200mcg/ml. The isolated fraction was also found to possess antimicrobial properties similar to that of the crude extract. TheMIC of the fractionwas 133.33mcg/ml and the thin layer chromatographic study of the fraction showed it as triterpenes. The study suggests that the plant is promising for development of phytomedicine for antimicrobial properties.
The effects of professional ethics and commitment on audit quality

Article history: Received March 25, 2015 Received in revised format August 6 2015 Accepted August 17 2015 Available online August 18 2015 This paper presents a study on the effects of professional ethics and commitments on audit quality. The population of this survey includes all audit managers who were active in auditing official statements of different firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2014. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 152 randomly selected managers. In our survey, professional ethics consists of four items including confidentiality and impartiality, professional competence, accountability and individual values while organizational commitment consists of three items including emotional commitment, continues commitment and fundamental commitment. Using Pearson correlation as well as regression models, the study has determined a positive and meaningful relationship between professional ethics as well as commitment and audit quality. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Welfare States' Policy Response to New Social Risk: Sequence Analysis for Welfare Policy*

This paper focuses on the trajectories of welfare state change through policy response to new social risks and methodologically categorizes the pattern of trajectories with sequence analysis. New social risks are the risks that people face in their life course due to the economic and social changes related to post-industrialization. By comparing a typology of welfare states based on trajectories of policy change in last three decades with Esping-Andersen’s threefold typologies of welfare states, we can determine whether welfare states maintain their existing welfare systems or change them. The results of sequence analysis on social expenditures and total tax revenue show that welfare regimes undergo a substantial change. In particular, conservative welfare regime countries show various trajectories when reacting to new social risks. This finding empirically supports studies that assert the transformation of the welfare state.
Interactive comment on “The critical role of uncertainty in projections of hydrological Extremes” by Hadush K. Meresa and Renata J. Romanowicz

Thank you very much for the constructive comments that will help to considerably improve and clarify the manuscript. The reviewers, put enormous effort into proof-reading our paper line by line and trying to clarify all the less-than-satisfactory statements and mistakes. We believe that the input will improve the manuscript significantly. All comments have been addressed point-by-point. Following the reviewers’ feedback we will make the corresponding changes in the manuscript. Reviewers’ comments are in italics.
Suppressive Effect of a Thioamide-Related Compound SH-2251 on a Murine Allergic Rhinitis Model

Background: SH-2251 inhibits IL-5 production and type2 airway inflammation in a murine bronchial asthma model. However, the therapeutic effect of SH-2251 on allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been tested. We investigated whether or not SH-2251 could improve the nasal symptoms and inflammation in the nasal mucosa of a murine model of AR. Methods: AR was induced via intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) followed by daily intranasal challenge with OVA. SH-2251 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (DMSO+Tween80) was administered orally once a day in the same period as the nasal challenge. Nasal symptoms were evaluated by counting the number of sneezing and nasal rubbing events on days 14, 17, 21, 28 and 35. On day 35, the levels of Il4, Il5, Il13, Ifnγ and Il1rl1 mRNA in the nasal mucosa were examined. The histological findings were examined on day 36. Results: The numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing events were significantly decreased by the administration of SH-2251. Both eosinophil infiltration and the hickness of the nasal mucosa were improved in the SH-2251- administered mice compared that in vehicle-treated control mice. The mRNA expression of Il5, Il13 and Il1rl1 in the nasal mucosa was significantly decreased in the SH-2251-treated group compared to the vehicle group. Conclusion: These results suggest that SH-2251 may be a new therapeutic candidate for AR. In addition, SH-2251 might improve the pathogenesis of type2 chronic inflammation by targeting the IL-33 signaling via the inhibition of Il1rl1 expression.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION PROGRAMME AND ITS INFLUENCE IN DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURSHIP KEY COMPETENCIES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

The intent of this research is to assess the implementation state of entrepreneurship programme and its influence in developing entrepreneurship key competencies among undergraduate students. The survey design was employed for the research. A total population of 8,101 undergraduate students from University of Benin was used. A sample of 382 undergraduate students was used for the research. A structured questionnaire, validated by two experts was used for the data collection. The Cronbach alpha statistical method was employed to determine the reliability of the instrument, which yielded the coefficient alpha value of 0.87. Twenty items questionnaire was administered to the respondents with the help of two trained research assistants. The data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics. The research revealed that entrepreneurship programme is not properly implemented particularly at the university level. It also revealed that students are not well-equipped with entrepreneurship key competencies such as creative and innovative skills that would have helped them in starting and running their own business. It also revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean responses of Science and Arts/Humanity-based students regarding the implementation state of entrepreneurship programme. It further revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean responses of Science and Arts/Humanity-based students regarding the extent to which entrepreneurship programme has equipped students with creative and innovative skills. Consequently, the authors drew a useful conclusion for the subject matter. Providing sufficient amount of financial resources, involving employers of labour, sourcing for qualified teaching and non-teaching personnel, procuring the state-of-the-art infrastructural facilities, as well as utilizing appropriate instructional methods, that would help in equipping students with creative and innovative skills for starting and operating their own businesses were further recommended.
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ACCESSIONS OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILL. (SYN. ALOE VERA .L) COLLECTED FROM RAJASTHAN USING RAPD MARKER SYSTEM

Under a survey and collection programme of National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), various accessions of Aloe vera were collected from Rajasthan and Gujarat. In this study 10 Accessions from Rajasthan were characterized through RAPD. RAPD revealed 32.08 per cent polymorphic bands detecting 11.9% average diversity among the accessions studied. The diversity ranged from 4.3% to 20.4%. The primers like OPG-15 having high PIC value (0.346) are considered important for diversity studies, whereas, OPG-14 have highest Discrimination index (0.911) and may be used for identification of different accessions. The clustering analysis resulted in the formation of one group, only consisting of eight accessions while Nagour collections remained out of cluster. The diversity pattern did not show any correlation with the site of collection indicating that original
Non-invasive quantitation of cardiac hemodynamics with echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound

Summary Until recently hemodynamic assessment of the heart had to be done invasively by catheterization. Nowadays echocardiography with Doppler has demonstrated to give similar results by a non-invasive approach. The methods to determine several hemodynamic parameters by echocardiography without Doppler are discussed (dimensions of the cavities, left ventricular mass, ejection fraction) as well as with use of Doppler (cardiac output, quantification of valve regurgitation and stenosis, pressure gradients, valve area and intracardiac pressure). Basic formulas such as the continuity and simplified Bernouilli equations are discussed. Resumen
Evaluation of Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality Parameters in Kharif Season under Bengaluru Condition, India

Vegetables are important as essential component of human diet. Among the vegetables, onion (Allium cepa L.) often called as “queen of kitchen” is one of the oldest known and an important vegetable crop grown in India. Onion, the principal Allium, ranks second in value after tomatoes on the list of cultivated vegetable crops worldwide, In addition over 20 other Allium species have been consumed by humans. Onion evolution started over 5000 years ago. It has been grown in almost all the parts of India for thousands of years. Onion is a monocot belonging to the family Alliaceae of the class Liliopsida (Fritisch and Friesen, 2002). A more detailed classification, made by Kazakova (1978), divides onion into three subspecies. Also basis of this classification is geographic origin and the related ecological factors (day length, temperature, and moisture). Each of the subspecies comprises groups of cultivars with common biological and agronomic characteristics. Onion contains a lachrymatic agent, a strong antibiotic in addition to fungicidal, bacterial, anticholestrol, anti-cancer and antioxidant components such as quercetin (Baghizadeh et al., 2009). In addition, it has been reported to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 2393-2398 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Uncontrolled Bush Burning in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Potential Causes and Impacts on Biodiversity

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is one of the largest wetland and biodiversity hotspots in Africa that inhabit several endemic species. Biodiversity including plants, animals and microbes have several economic importance to human and its ecosystem. Of recent, the intensity of bush burning in the Niger Delta has increased. Bush burning is among the leading cause of decline in composition and abundance of biodiversity. This study evaluated the potential causes of bush burning, impacts on biodiversity and possible options for mitigation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study found that quest for bush meat (i.e. major source of animal protein), burning of solid wastes, precarious discharge of cigarette remains and deliberate uncontrolled in-situ burning by farmers as the leading cause of bush burning. Bush burning portends adverse effects like; habitat fragmentation, destruction of medicinal plant, extinction of species in the wild, loss of food sources, loss of raw material that can be useful for several art work, wood fuel, construction and shelter materials, and disruption of ecological processes including biogeochemical cycling. The paper concludes by suggesting pasture management, wastes management, sensitization, enactment and implementation of bush burning laws and specifying punishment for offenders, and introduction of biodiversity conservation techniques in school curriculum as potential option for mitigation.
Effects of the hydrological cycle on the phycoperiphyton assemblage in an Andean foothill stream in Colombia

The Guarino River is a torrential system that is located in the foothills of the Colombian central Andean mountains that naturally experiences severe hydrological disturbances, which were higher during the Nino-Nina/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) between 2007 and 2010. The seasonal and interannual variabilities in the taxonomic composition, richness and density of phycoperiphyton assemblages (ecological descriptors) from the Guarino River were examined in relation to the physical and chemical environmental changes associated with the hydrological cycle between 2007 and 2010. The values of the ecological descriptors and environmental variables were analysed via ANOVA, ANCOVA and Canonical Discriminant Analysis to establish temporal patterns and relationships between the variables. Eighty-seven taxa belonging to Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenozoa and Dinophyta were identified. Flow, water temperature and dissolved oxygen corresponded with the hydroclimatic variation and allowed for the differentiation of the El Nino and La Nina periods. Phycoperiphyton density differences matched the environmental variation pattern with a significant annual increase in the number of individuals during El Nino, whereas annual differences related to richness were not evident. The replacement of genera according to their drag or desiccation tolerance and the persistence of genera tolerant to high hydrological disturbances, such as Fragilaria, Nitzschia, Gomphonema, Navicula and especially Lyngbya , was observed.
Cultural Clusters and the Post-industrial City: Towards the Remapping of Urban Cultural Policy

This paper explores and discusses the fairly recent phenomenon of cultural clustering strategies in the Netherlands. Amongst other things based on ideologies of 'enterprise culture', the quest for urban imagery and positioning strategies, the changing spatial fabric of cities and a search for economic and cultural revitalisation, for the past 5-10 years, the formation of cultural clusters has turned into something of an urban cultural development hype. However, what at first glance appears as a common model, often accompanied by boldly expressed slogans concerning the new role of culture and creativity in the physical and economic revitalisation of cities, in more detail unfolds as an ambivalent and conflict-ridden mixture of cultural, economic, social and spatial interests and sentiments. From a short-term perspective, such an eclectic blending of interests and sentiments might be considered as a good opportunity for urban cultural developments within a 'post-modern' urban development regime. However, from a long-term perspective, there is the danger that the divergent sentiments and interests start to undermine and constrain each other, in the end resulting in adverse effects, mutual distrust and a standstill of developments. Following a detailed investigation of five cultural clustering projects in the Netherlands, and based on Zukin's account of the exchange of cultural and economic values in the contemporary city, the paper argues that, in order to get out of this potentially self-defeating situation, and to enable a more sensitive but also strategic involvement of the cultural sector in the governance of cultural cluster projects, it is necessary to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the complex dynamics involved. Central to this is a locally specific appreciation of the changing interaction between culture (place) and commerce (market) in today's mixed economy of leisure, culture and creativity. This implies both a critique and advancement of existing theories concerning the role of culture in urban development and the development of a more detailed comparative perspective on urban cultural policy projects, thus moving beyond overgeneralised perceptions of the developments concerned.
Clinical profile and management of breast cancer in women in a rural based tertiary care hospital our experience

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India and accounts for 7% of global burden of breast cancer and one-fifth of all cancers among women in India. The risk factors are related to lifestyle, early menarche, nulli parity, prolonged use of oral contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, not breast‑feeding, alcohol, obesity, lack of exercise, and induced abortion. A woman who attains menopause after fifty five years of age has an increased risk of ovarian, breast, and uterine cancers. The risk is greater if a woman also began menstruating before twelve years of age. A longer exposure to estrogen increases a woman’s risk of breast cancers. Methods: This is a prospective observational study, conducted in the department of surgery, between December 2013 and June 2015(2 years). Patients diagnosed as breast carcinoma and admitted in surgical wards were included, Data pertaining to demography, clinical and pathological tumor profile, and treatment details were collected prospectively for each patient based on patient interviews and medical records. To analyse the Prevalence of breast cancer, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, difference between pre and post‑menopausal breast cancer women regarding risk factors, assess the impact of treatment given and women’s knowledge about breast cancer. Results: A total number of 25 cases of breast carcinoma based on detailed history, clinical examination, Trucut biopsy, ultrasonography breast and axilla, ultrasound abdomen, mammogram and chest x-ray were analysed. All of them received three cycles of anterior chemotherapy consisting of 5- Fluorouracil 500 mg/m2,Adriamycin 50 mg/m2 Cyclophosphamide 80 mg/m2 (FAC regimen) administered intravenously followed by modified radical mastectomy. There were no recurrences seen on follow up till date. Conclusions: Late stage at presentation of breast cancer is a challenge to the health care providers. Cancer awareness programmes, multidisciplinary approach and evidence‑based strategies for early detection and effective management of the disease can go a long way in prevention.
Predicting the locations of possible long-lived low-mass first stars: importance of satellite dwarf galaxies

The search for metal-free stars has so far been unsuccessful, proving that if there are surviving stars from the first generation, they are rare, they have been polluted, or we have been looking in the wrong place. To predict the likely location of Population~III (Pop~III) survivors, we semi-analytically model early star formation in progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies and their environments. We base our model on merger trees from the high-resolution dark matter only simulation suite \textit{Caterpillar}. Radiative and chemical feedback are taken into account self-consistently, based on the spatial distribution of the haloes. Our results are consistent with the non-detection of Pop III survivors in the Milky Way today. We find that possible surviving Population III stars are more common in Milky Way satellites than in the main Galaxy. In particular, low mass Milky Way satellites contain a much larger fraction of Pop~III stars than the Milky Way. Such nearby, low mass Milky Way satellites are promising targets for future attempts to find Pop~III survivors, especially for high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations. We provide the probabilities for finding a Pop~III survivor in the red giant branch phase for all known Milky Way satellites to guide future observations.
BSDEs with monotone generator driven by Brownian and Poisson noises in a general filtration

We analyze multidimensional BSDEs in a filtration that supports a Brownian motion and a Poisson random measure. Under a monotonicity assumption on the driver, the paper extends several results from the literature. We establish existence and uniqueness of solutions in provided that the generator and the terminal condition satisfy appropriate integrability conditions. The analysis is first carried out under a deterministic time horizon, and then generalized to random time horizons given by a stopping time with respect to the underlying filtration. Moreover, we provide a comparison principle in dimension one.
Controllability Robustness of Linear Interval Systems with/without State Delay and with Unstructured Parametric Uncertainties

The robust controllability problem for the linear interval systems with/without state delay and with unstructured parametric uncertainties is studied in this paper. The rank preservation problem is converted to the nonsingularity analysis problem of the minors of the matrix under discussion. Based on some essential properties of matrix measures, two new sufficient algebraically elegant criteria for the robust controllability of linear interval systems with/without state delay and with unstructured parametric uncertainties are established. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the proposed sufficient algebraic criteria, where one example is also presented to show that the proposed sufficient condition for the linear interval systems having no state delay and no unstructured parametric uncertainties can obtain less conservative results than the existing ones reported recently in the literature.
Global ENA observations of the storm mainphase ring current: Implications for skewed electric fields in the inner magnetosphere

The local time distribution of the ring current in the 27–119 keV range during several geomagnetic storm main phases have been investigated. The data was obtained by the high energy neutral atom (HENA) imager onboard IMAGE. Global proton distributions are derived from the observed energetic neutral atom (ENA) images using a linear inversion technique. During storms with low IMF By the peak of the proton distribution is around 01 MLT. For storms with high IMF By the peak can rotate to dawn. The rotation angle depends on solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By, but less on IMF Bz. We discuss how this morphology implies the existence of strong and skewed equatorial electric fields in the inner magnetosphere. Our results are consistent with in‐situ ring current measurements, radar observations and with kinetic models that self‐consistently calculate the electric field produced by the closure of the partial ring current.