Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fishway passage and post‐passage mortality of up‐river migrating sockeye salmon in the Seton River, British Columbia

Adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were studied to assess the consequences of a dam and vertical‐slot fishway on mortality during their spawning migration in the Seton–Anderson watershed, British Columbia, Canada. Since previous research suggests fishway passage may be difficult, our main hypothesis was that the dam and fishway have post‐passage consequences that affect subsequent behaviour and survival. Eighty‐seven sockeye were caught at the top of the fishway, implanted with an acoustic telemetry transmitter, non‐lethally biopsied to obtain a small blood sample and released either upstream or downstream of the dam. Indices of physiological stress (i.e. plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate and ions) indicated that fish were not stressed or exhausted after capture from the fishway, and were not unduly stressed by transportation to release sites or net‐pen holding. Of 59 fish released downstream of the dam, 14% did not reach the dam tailrace. Overall passage efficiency at the fishway was 80%. Mortality in two lakes upstream of the dam was greater in fish released downstream of the dam (27%) compared to fish released upstream of the dam (7%; p = 0.04) suggesting that dam passage has consequences that reduce subsequent survival. Cumulative mortality of fish released downstream of the dam (n = 55) resulted in only 49% survival to spawning areas, compared to 93% of fish released upstream of the dam (n = 28). Survival was significantly lower for females (40%) than for males (71%; p = 0.03), a finding that has implications for conservation because spawning success of sockeye salmon populations is governed primarily by females. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focused Attention vs. Open Monitoring: An Event-Related Potential Study of Emotion Regulation by Two Distinct Forms of Mindfulness Meditation

FOCUSED ATTENTION VS. OPEN MONITORING: AN EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL STUDY OF EMOTION REGULATION BY TWO DISTINCT FORMS OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION By: Tarah L. Raldiris, M.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 Director: Kirk Warren Brown, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology This study investigated the effects of two novel forms of 8-week mindfulness meditation training, focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM), relative to an established training, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), on early emotional reactivity to negative emotional images as assessed by electroencephalography (EEG). Data on the late-positive potential (LPP) were analyzed to address whether the three mindfulness interventions attenuated the LPP from preto post-intervention, and if significant differences existed between groups in LPP at post-intervention. Rather than an attenuation, results indicated an average increase in LPP amplitude from preto post-intervention. No significant differences were found in the LPP between the training conditions at post-intervention. These results provide preliminary evidence that mindfulness training in novice practitioners may heighten initial emotional reactivity. Further, well-designed research is needed to examine a wider range of neural responses to better understand emotion regulation process effects of different forms of mindfulness training.
Differential Shape of Geminivirus Mutant Spectra Across Cultivated and Wild Hosts With Invariant Viral Consensus Sequences

Geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) possess single-stranded circular DNA genomes that are replicated by cellular polymerases in plant host cell nuclei. In their hosts, geminivirus populations behave as ensembles of mutant and recombinant genomes, known as viral quasispecies. This favors the emergence of new geminiviruses with altered host range, facilitating new or more severe diseases or overcoming resistance traits. In warm and temperate areas several whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses of the genus Begomovirus cause the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) with significant economic consequences. TYLCD is frequently controlled in commercial tomatoes by using the dominant Ty-1 resistance gene. Over a 45 day period we have studied the diversification of three begomoviruses causing TYLCD: tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and tomato yellow leaf curl Malaga virus (TYLCMaV, a natural recombinant between TYLCV and TYLCSV). Viral quasispecies resulting from inoculation of geminivirus infectious clones were examined in plants of susceptible tomato (ty-1/ty-1), heterozygous resistant tomato (Ty-1/ty-1), common bean, and the wild reservoir Solanum nigrum. Differences in virus fitness across hosts were observed while viral consensus sequences remained invariant. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of the quasispecies were high, especially in common bean and the wild host. Interestingly, the presence or absence of the Ty-1 allele in tomato did not lead to differences in begomovirus mutant spectra. However, the fitness decrease of TYLCSV and TYLCV in tomato at 45 dpi might be related to an increase in CP (Coat protein) mutation frequency. In Solanum nigrum the recombinant TYLCMaV, which showed lower fitness than TYLCSV, at 45 dpi actively explored Rep (Replication associated protein) ORF but not the overlapping C4. Our results underline the importance of begomovirus mutant spectra during infections. This is especially relevant in the wild reservoir of the viruses, which has the potential to maintain highly diverse mutant spectra without modifying their consensus sequences.
Unexpected phylogeographic affinities of Psammodromus algirus from Conigli islet (Lampedusa)

The only Italian population of the lacertid Psammodromus algirus is found in Conigli islet whereas the species is absent from the nearby island of Lampedusa. The phylogeographic relationships of this population were investigated. Mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) fragment sequences were analysed and compared with already published sequences from the whole species range. In all the analyses, the sample from Conigli grouped with those from Morocco and not with the closer Tuni- sian ones. Such surprising result poses serious doubts to the traditional interpretation of the enigmatic distribution pattern of this species in Italy suggesting a recent colo - nisation of the islet from NW Africa, probably human-mediated, rather than a land crossing from Tunisia during the Pleistocene.
Levels of nitrogenous substances and amino acids in bodies of Ross 308 hybrid cocks and hens over the course of rearing

Over the course of Ross 308 hybrid broiler chick cock and hen rearing, whole chicken bodies includ - ing feathers were monitored for changes in the levels of nitrogenous substances, essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA). At five-day intervals (Days 1, 5, 9, 15, 20, 26, 30, 35 and 40 of rearing), randomly selected chickens were slaughtered after 24 h of fasting. Over the course of rearing, N-substance levels ranged from 629.1 to 429.0 g/kg dry matter in hen bodies and from 616.0 to 477.3 g/kg dry matter in cock bodies. N-substance levels were statistically significantly different in the two sexes on rearing Days 35 and 40 ( P ≤ 0.01). The levels of all amino acids (AA) in dry body matter of chickens up to 15 days of age dropped significantly over time, while in the period from Day 20 to Day 40, some AA levels increased or reached the baseline. With most AA, the levels were lower in hens than in cocks over the course of the trial. At the end of the trial (Days 35 and 40), statistically significant differences between the sexes were found for most EAA ( P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.05). NEAA, except for Ser and Ala, were also significantly higher in cocks on Days 35 and 40 ( P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.05). Among the monitored EAA, the dry matter of the bodies of hens exhibited the highest levels of Leu, 8.70% on average, followed by Val 6.54%, Lys 5.26%, Ile 5.25%, Thr 4.84%, Phe 4.30%, Tyr 2.51% and Met 2.21%. Leu was also the most abundant in the cock bodies, 8.42% on average, followed by Val 6.30%, Lys 5.36%, Ile 5.06%, Thr 4.57%, Phe 4.45%, Tyr 2.88% and Met 2.17%. Knowledge of the levels of nitrogenous substances, EAA and NEAA in the whole bodies of broiler chickens including feathers will help to determine optimal rearing conditions.
Effects of Space Flight on Neutrophil Functions in Astronauts

Neutrophil phagocytosis, oxidative burst, degranulation, and the expression of selected surface markers were studied in 25 astronauts following 4 space shuttle missions. Space flight duration ranged from 5 to 11 days. Blood specimens were obtained 10 days before launch, immediately after landing, and again at 3 days after landing. The number of neutrophils increased at landing by 85%. Phagocytosis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and oxidative burst following the medium length (9 to 11 days) missions were lower than the control mean values. Whereas, following the short-duration (5 days) mission, these functions were unchanged from control values. No consistent changes in degranulation were observed following either short or medium length space missions. The expression of CD16, CD32, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, L-selectin and CD36 were measured and found to be variable. Specifically, CD16 and CD32 did not correlate with the changes in oxidative burst. Mission duration appears to be a factor in phagocytic and oxidative functions.
Social Theory or Attitudinal Types: A Case Study of Attitudes towards Relationships

Sociological theories can be viewed as models of (sub)-populations. In this paper we explore the possibility of representing social theories as attitudinal types rather than as descriptions of society at large. To test this idea we investigate the relevance of four different theories of couple relationships to the attitudes of 18 to 30 year olds. Rather than testing these theories via aggregate social trends, we investigate the plausibility of treating the four social theories as attitudinal types that can be used to distinguish between the thoughts and feelings of different young adults. A self-completion attitude measure is created and used to gather data from a sample of 18 to 30 year olds living in Preston, UK (n=306). Cluster analysis is then used to identify potential attitude types from among the respondents which are discussed in relation to the four theories.
Re-identification in the absence of common matching variables

A basic concern in statistical disclosure control is the re-identification of individuals via record linkage. A record containing identifying information in file A is linked to a record containing sensitive information in file B, resulting in a breach of confidentiality. The classical approach to record linkage exploits the data in fields that are common to files A and B. A more recent approach has attempted record linkage in the absence of common fields via the extraction of structural information using ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. Although this can be shown to perform better than a random matching strategy, it is debatable whether it demonstrates a significant disclosure risk. This paper shows that a relatively simple Bayesian approach can consistently outperform OWA linkage. Furthermore, it can demonstrate a significant risk of re-identification for the types of data release considered in the OWA record linkage literature (where there exists a 1 to 1 correspondence between the records in A and the records in B). The Bayesian approach flows from the same underlying theory as classical record linkage, offering the possibility of using it to improve record linkage performance in more general settings.
Thermal Absorptivity Model of Knitted Rib Fabric and its Experimental Verification

Abstract Thermal absorptivity is an indicator of warm and cool feeling of textile materials. An equation based on thermal absorptivity of polyester in solid form, porosity of a fabric, and relative contact area of human skin and fabric surface has been developed to characterize thermal absorptivity of fabric. For verification of suggested model, 15 knitted rib fabrics were produced using 100% polyester yarn and having different surface profile. ALAMBETA semiautomatic non-destructive instrument has been used for measuring the effective thermal absorptivity of knitted rib fabric. It was found that the suggested simple theoretical model exhibits significant agreement with the measured thermal absorptivity values of knitted rib fabric, which endorsed the approach applied.
Misleading Claims About Tobacco Products in YouTube Videos: Experimental Effects of Misinformation on Unhealthy Attitudes

Background Recent content analyses of YouTube postings reveal a proliferation of user generated videos with misleading statements about the health consequences of various types of nontraditional tobacco use (eg, electronic cigarettes; e-cigarettes). Objective This research was aimed at obtaining evidence about the potential effects of YouTube postings about tobacco products on viewers' attitudes toward these products. Methods A sample of young adults recruited online (N=350) viewed one of four highly viewed YouTube videos containing misleading health statements about chewing tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookahs, and pipe smoking, as well as a control YouTube video unrelated to tobacco products. Results The videos about e-cigarettes and hookahs led to more positive attitudes toward the featured products than did control videos. However, these effects did not fully translate into attitudes toward combustive cigarette smoking, although the pipe video led to more positive attitudes toward combustive smoking than did the chewing and the hookah videos, and the e-cigarette video led to more positive attitudes toward combustive cigarette smoking than did the chewing video. Conclusions This research revealed young people’s reactions to misleading claims about tobacco products featured in popular YouTube videos. Policy implications are discussed.
Shape optimization of tibial prosthesis components

NASA technology and optimal design methodologies originally developed for the optimization of composite structures (engine blades) are adapted and applied to the optimization of orthopaedic knee implants. A method is developed enabling the shape tailoring of the tibial components of a total knee replacement implant for optimal interaction within the environment of the tibia. The shape of the implant components are optimized such that the stresses in the bone are favorably controlled to minimize bone degradation, to improve the mechanical integrity of the implant/interface/bone system, and to prevent failures of the implant components. A pilot tailoring system is developed and the feasibility of the concept is demonstrated and evaluated. The methodology and evolution of the existing aerospace technology from which this pilot optimization code was developed is also presented and discussed. Both symmetric and unsymmetric in-plane loading conditions are investigated. The results of the optimization process indicate a trend toward wider and tapered posts as well as thicker backing trays. Unique component geometries were obtained for the different load cases.
Semantic segmentation of high-resolution neuron meshes

We address the semantic labeling of neuronal shapes. Contemporary efforts in connectomics generate fragments of neuron shapes which have qualitatively recognizable forms (e.g. axon, dendrite, soma). We develop a machine learning model to predict these forms, and analyze the performance on this model to understand the constraints of its performance. We use PointNet, a deep learning model designed to handle unordered point clouds, and train it to use the mesh vertices of reconstructed neuronal fragments. Despite significant dataset bias, we achieve perfect segment classification performance on a held out test set for singlecompartment meshes. We extend this approach to neuron meshes with multiple compartments, and plan future work to fully address this challenge.
Influence of Postcapture Ventilation Assistance on Migration Success of Adult Sockeye Salmon following Capture and Release

AbstractCatch and release is a tactic employed in recreational fisheries to help conserve and sustain fish populations, but postrelease mortality can occur when fish fail to recover from the stress and exhaustion of capture. Depending on factors like the duration of the stressor and whether air exposure occurs, fish can be lethargic or have negative equilibrium upon release; some anglers are motivated to attempt to manually revive fish upon release by assisting with water flow across the gills. Indeed, some management agencies and angling groups recommend different recovery techniques, but very little scientifically defensible evidence exists about the utility of assisted ventilation. We conducted two separate field experiments on Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the lower Fraser River basin in which fish were (1) exposed to a standardized exercise stressor with air exposure or (2) angled by volunteer anglers and air exposed, with a subset of fish in each experiment then being provided with 1 min of a.
On the Transactions Costs of UK Quantitative Easing

Most quantitative easing programmes primarily involve central banks acquiring government liabilities in return for central bank reserves. In all cases this process is undertaken by purchasing these liabilities in the secondary market rather than directly from the government. Yet the only practical difference between secondary market purchases and bilateral central bank/Treasury operations is the transactions costs involved in market operations. This paper quantifies the significant cost of this round-trip transaction - government issuance of liabilities and then central bank purchase of those liabilities in the secondary market.
Age and growth of the sand lizards ( Lacerta agilis ) from a high Alpine population of north-western Italy

th April. Abstract. We studied growth and longevity of Lacerta agilis from a sample (34 adults and 2 small-sized juveniles) of a population living at high altitude in north-western Italy using skeletochronological method. Snout vent length (SVL) mean of males did not significantly differ from that of females although the latter were in average bigger (SVL ± SD, males: 69.3 ± 7.1 mm, n = 11; females: 73.9 ± 9.7 mm, n = 22; Mann- Whitney U-test, U = 1.76, P = 0.077). Age ranged from 2 to 4 years (mean age ± SD = 2.3 ± 0.2) in males and from 2 to 3 years in females (mean age ± SD = 2.59 ± 0.5 years). Age mean did not significantly differ between the sexes (Mann-Whitney U-test, U = 1.35, P = 0.174). The two juveniles were 30 and 32 mm in SVL and both were 1-2 months old. In both sexes, a significant positive correlation between SVL and age was recorded although weakly significant for males (Spearman's correlation coefficient, males: rs = 0.70, P = 0.05; females: rs = 0.75, P < 0.001). Von Bertalanffy growth curves well fitted to the relationships between age and SVL and showed a dif- ferent profile between males (asymptotics size, SVL max = 81.9 mm; growth coefficient, k = 0.63) and females (SVLmax = 100 mm; k = 0.40). Results indicate that individuals of L. agilis studied by us are short-living when compared with other populations of the same species.
Oxidative stress and partial migration in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

44 During migration, animals are typically limited by their endogenous energetic resources which 45 must be allocated to the physiological costs associated with locomotion, as well as avoiding 46 and/or compensating for oxidative stress. To date, there have been few attempts to understand 47 the role of oxidative status in migration biology, particularly in fish. Semi-anadromous brown 48 trout ( Salmo trutta , Linnaeus 1758) exhibit partial migration, where some individuals smoltify 49 and migrate to sea, and others become stream residents, providing us with an excellent model to 50 investigate the link between oxidative stress and migration. Using the brown trout, we obtained 51 blood samples from juveniles from a coastal stream in Denmark in the fall prior to peak seaward 52 migration which occurs in the spring, and assayed for antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical 53 absorbance capacity) and oxidative stress levels (ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione). We 54 found that individuals that migrated had higher antioxidant capacity than residents and that 55 future migration date was negatively correlated with both antioxidant capacity and body length 56 in the fall. This study provides the first evidence that oxidative status is associated with 57 migration strategy and timing, months in advance of the actual migration, and provides insight 58 into the role of oxidative status in animal migration. 59
The Moderating Role of Vertical Collectivism in South-Korean Adolescents’ Perceptions of and Responses to Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Parenting

Research increasingly demonstrates that associations between autonomy-relevant parenting and adolescent adjustment generalize across cultures. Yet, there is still an ongoing debate about the role of culture in these effects of autonomy-relevant parenting. The current study aimed to contribute to a more nuanced perspective on this debate by addressing cultural variability in micro-processes involved in autonomy-relevant parenting and, more specifically, in adolescents’ appraisals of and responses to parental behavior. In this vignette-based experimental study, involving 137 South-Korean adolescents (54% female, mean age = 16 years), we examined whether individual differences in vertical collectivism affect the association between descriptions of potentially autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting practices and (a) appraisals of these practices (in terms of perceived autonomy support and control and experiences of autonomy need satisfaction and frustration), and (b) anticipated responses to these practices (i.e., negotiation, submissive compliance, and oppositional defiance). Participants in the autonomy-supportive condition reported more perceived autonomy support and autonomy satisfaction and lower perceived control and autonomy need frustration than participants in the controlling condition. Collectivism moderated between-vignette effects on perceived control and autonomy need frustration such that the differences between the autonomy-supportive and controlling vignettes were less pronounced (yet still significant) among adolescents scoring higher on collectivism. Collectivism did not moderate effects of the vignettes on the responses to parenting, but yielded a main effect, with collectivism relating to more submissive compliance and less oppositional defiance. Overall, the results suggest that both universal and culture-specific processes are involved in autonomy-relevant socialization.