Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different mechanisms for the induction of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase by progesterone in human endometrial stromal cells.

BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to investigate the cAMP-dependent regulation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) by ovarian steroids in human endometrial stromal cells (ESC). METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the effect of cAMP on SOD expression, ESC were incubated with dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP, 0.5 mmol/l), forskolin (25 micromol/l), or estradiol (E(2), 10(-8) mol/l) + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 10(-6) mol/l), for 18 days. E(2) + MPA significantly increased Cu,Zn-SOD activity and mRNA concentrations, whereas db-cAMP and forskolin had no effect. On the other hand, Mn-SOD activity and mRNA concentration were significantly increased by all of these treatments. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, a marker of decidualization, was clearly induced by db-cAMP, forskolin or E(2) + MPA, accompanied by morphological changes characteristic of decidualization. To study whether the increase in Mn-SOD by db-cAMP or E(2) + MPA was mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), ESC were incubated with protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) (10 microg/ml), an inhibitor of PKA, in the presence of db-cAMP or E(2) + MPA. The increase in Mn-SOD activity following db-cAMP or E(2) + MPA was completely inhibited by PKI. CONCLUSIONS In the process of decidualization, E(2) + MPA increases Mn-SOD expression via a cAMP-dependent pathway. Cu,Zn-SOD is also up-regulated by E(2) + MPA, but via a different pathway from that involving cAMP.
An advanced approach to seismic risk assessment. Application to the cultural heritage and the urban system of Barcelona

During this work three principal parts had been developed: a seismic hazard assessment for Catalonia and Barcelona in particular, a vulnerability evaluation of the principal monuments of Barcelona city and the exposure analysis of its urban system. Seismic hazard was evaluated in terms of intensity for the deterministic approach and spectral acceleration for both the deterministic and probabilistic approaches by applying the spectral acceleration attenuation relationship. Site effects were also included. Then seismic hazard maps, acceleration response and demand spectra with soil effects were obtained for the city of Barcelona. The vulnerability assessment for the principal monuments in the city of Barcelona was carried out in two levels. Those monuments with the highest level of protection due to their heritage value (a total of 68 out of over 3000) were analyzed using the vulnerability index method. Then, the vulnerability of a representative monument, the Santa Maria del Mar church, was evaluated using capacity spectrum method. The capacity curve of the Santa Maria del Mar church was obtained dividing the church in macroelements. The capacity curve was evaluated for the most vulnerable of the macroelements using finite element analysis and equilibrium limit analysis. The expected damages were obtained using the probabilistic and deterministic scenarios in terms of spectral acceleration and then were compared to the historical seismic damage suffered by the church. Finally an urban exposure analysis was carried out for the city of Barcelona based on the available information at the time of this work. The exposure of the following elements was analyzed: residential area, economical activities, commercial activities, industrial activities, tourism activities, hospital services, educational facilities, and some emergency resources. Zones that are critical, important or secondary for the well functioning of these elements at risk
Time Patterns of Adherence and Long-Term Virological Response to Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Regimens in the Stratall Anrs 12110/Esther Trial in Cameroon

Background Although treatment adherence is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, it is still unknown which longitudinal patterns of adherence are the most detrimental to long-term virological response to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regimens. This analysis aimed to study the influence of different time patterns of adherence on virological failure after 24 months of treatment in Cameroon. Methods Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence data were collected using face-to-face questionnaires administered at months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24. Virological failure was defined as viral load >40 copies/ml at month 18 and/or 24. Two combined indicators of early adherence (months 1, 3 and 6) and adherence during the maintenance phase (months 12, 18 and 24) were designed to classify patients as always adherent during the early or maintenance phase, non-adherent at least once and having interrupted ART for >2 days at least once at any visit during either of these two phases. Results Virological failure occurred in 107 (42%) of the 254 patients included in the analysis. In the early and maintenance phases, 84% and 76%, respectively, were always adherent, 5% and 5% were non-adherent and 11% and 20% experienced ≥1 treatment interruption. Early non-adherence was independently associated with virological failure (adjusted OR 7.2 [95% CI 1.5, 34.6]), while only treatment interruptions had a significant impact on virological failure during the maintenance phase (adjusted OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1, 4.4]). Conclusions ART NNRTI-regimens used in sub-Saharan Africa seem to ‘forgive’ deviations from good adherence during the maintenance phase. Optimizing adherence in the early months of treatment remains crucial, especially in a setting of poor health care infrastructure and resources.
Analysis of martial arts athletes’ goniometric indicators

Цель : сравнительный анализ гониометрических показателей суставов конечностей атлетов единоборств; изучение влияния уровня мастерства на амплитуду движений у атлетов кик-боксинга. Материал : обследованы атлеты единоборств, студентов и учащихся (n=29). Участники разделены на 2 группы. 1 группа - 18 атлетов кик-боксинга, возраст (17,44±0,34) лет. 2 группа - 11 борцов, возраст (18,45±0,39) лет. 1 группа была разделена на две подгруппы. 1а подгруппа - 9 атлетов, возраст (18,22±0,52) лет, уровень мастерства - кандидаты и мастера спорта. 1б подгруппа - 9 атлетов, возраст (16,67±0,24) года, уровень мастерства от новичков до 1 разряда включительно. Определяли амплитуды движения в лучезапястном, локтевом, плечевом, тазобедренном, коленном и голеностопном суставах. Результаты : подтверждены отличия гониометрических показателей суставов конечностей атлетов единоборств. Установлено определенное влияние уровня мастерства на амплитуду движений у атлетов кик-боксинга. Установленные отличия четко отражают специфику видов спорта. У борцов была выше амплитуда движения лучезапястного сустава, что определяет качественный захват в схватке. У кик-боксеров была увеличена амплитуда сгибания правого локтевого сустава и движений в плечевых суставах. Это позволяет достигнуть качественного и сильного удара. Близость гониометрических показателей у атлетов кик-боксинга разного уровня мастерства подтверждает одинаковую направленность подготовки. Постоянство поддержания боевой стойки обусловливает уменьшение амплитуды приведения в правом лучезапястном суставе и отведения в левом плечевом суставе у опытных атлетов. Выводы : Увеличение отведения правого тазобедренного сустава и уменьшение сгибания в левом коленном суставе иллюстрируют особенности нанесения ударов, оптимизацию их техники у опытных атлетов. Возрастание стажа тренировок приводит к развитию рабочей асимметрии движений в суставах.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN THE ARM AND INTERARM REGIONS OF M51

We report systematic variations in the emission line ratio of the CO J = 2–1 and J = 1–0 transitions (R2–1/1–0) in the grand-design spiral galaxy M51. The R2–1/1–0 ratio shows clear evidence for the evolution of molecular gas from the upstream interarm regions into the spiral arms and back into the downstream interarm regions. In the interarm regions, R2–1/1–0 is typically <0.7 (and often 0.4–0.6); this is similar to the ratios observed in Galactic giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with low far-infrared luminosities. However, the ratio rises to >0.7 (often 0.8–1.0) in the spiral arms, particularly at the leading (downstream) edge of the molecular arms. These trends are similar to those seen in Galactic GMCs with OB star formation (presumably in the Galactic spiral arms). R2–1/1–0 is also high, ∼0.8–1.0, in the central region of M51. Analysis of the molecular excitation using a Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculation provides insight into the changes in the physical conditions of molecular gas between the arm and interarm regions: cold and low-density gas (≲ 10 K, ≲ 300 cm−3) is required for the interarm GMCs, but this gas must become warmer and/or denser in the more active star-forming spiral arms. The ratio R2–1/1–0 is higher in areas of high 24 μm dust surface brightness (which is an approximate tracer of star formation rate surface density) and high CO(1–0) integrated intensity (i.e., a well-calibrated tracer of total molecular gas surface density). The systematic enhancement of the CO(2–1) line relative to CO(1–0) in luminous star-forming regions suggests that some caution is needed when using CO(2–1) as a tracer of bulk molecular gas mass, especially when galactic structures are resolved.
The chemokine system – a major regulator of angiogenesis in health and disease

The chemokine system controls leukocyte trafficking during homeostasis as well as during inflammation and is necessary for the linkage between innate and adaptive immunity. Tissue regulation outside the hematopoietic compartment, for instance, angiogenesis, organogenesis and tumor development, growth and metastasis, is another important function of the chemokine system. The chemokine‐mediated regulation of angiogenesis is highly sophisticated and fine tuned, and involves pro‐angiogenic chemokines, for instance, CXCL8/IL8 interacting with the CXCR2 receptor, and anti‐angiogenic (i.e. angiostatic) chemokines, for instance, CXCL10/IP10 interacting with the CXCR3 receptor. Chemokines also regulate angiogenesis in a receptor‐independent manner by means of a perturbation of bFGF and VEGF function. The current review focuses on the influence of the chemokine system in angiogenesis. Examples of the delicate angiogenesis regulation by the chemokine system in, for instance, wound healing and of the dysregulation in, for instance, tumor development are provided along with the interesting phenomenon of molecular piracy of host‐encoded genes within the chemokine system. This phenomenon is a general strategy to circumvent and exploit the immune system – and thereby improve survival – for many viruses. Yet, a certain group of herpesviruses – the γ2‐herpesviruses – encode a functional CXCR2 receptor homolog that is activated by angiogenic chemokines and antagonized by angiostatic chemokines, and this particular gene seems to cause the development of a vascular tumor – Kaposi's sarcoma – in the host.
Children Don ’ t Like Restrictions : Evidence from the Acquisition of Object

Children’s difficulties with headed object A’-dependencies have been attributed, on the one hand, to the intervention of a structurally similar element (the subject) in the interpretive chain formed by the moved object with the gap, and on the other, to the incremental processing of these constructions. This study brings new evidence to show that structural similarity as a source of difficulty is overriden by semantic properties such as set-restriction and animacy, and that the processing of these properties relates to working memory capacities. 119 Frenchspeaking children were tested on the comprehension of object relative clauses and whquestions by using a character-selection task. Working memory was assessed through digitspan tasks. Results show significantly better performance for –Set-restricted object A’dependencies than for +Set-restricted ones across all age groups. The mismatch in animacy also modulates comprehension, but its effect becomes relevant only for the older children and in cases where the object is +Set-restricted. We argue that an analysis purely in terms of syntactic similarity cannot capture these effects. Moreover, the weaker effect of working memory on the accuracy of –Set-restriction structures shows that the soliciting of working memory resources depends on the nature of the disambiguating information.
The Institutionalization of Savings: A Role for Monetary Policy

A signi? cant amount of evidence highlights the important role of ? - nancial intermediaries for economic development and growth. Despite all the bene? ts from ? nancial intermediation, the level of participation in ? nancial institutions varies signi? cantly across countries. In particular, the usage of banks is much lower in less developed economies. Notably, less developed economies share many common characteristics including low-income per person, high average in? ation rates, high degrees of ex- posure to liquidity risk, and high banking fees. I present a monetary growth model with important functions of ? at money and where ? nan- cial intermediaries form endogenously to mitigate various market frictions such as liquidity risk and transactions costs. I demonstrate that all the unfavorable features of less developed economies listed above discourage people from intermediating their savings and hamper ? nancial sector per- formance.
The solubility of corundum in H 2 O at high pressure and temperature and its implications for Al mobility in the deep crust and upper mantle

The solubility of corundum in H2O was measured at 700–1100 °C and 0.5–2.0 GPa using a piston–cylinder apparatus and weight-loss methods. At 700 °C, 0.5 GPa, Al concentration is 0.41±0.15 millimolal (1σ analytical error). Corundum solubility increases strongly with pressure (P) and temperature (T), reaching 2.57±0.15 millimolal at 700 °C, 2.0 GPa, and 27.3± 1.5 millimolal at 1100 °C, 2.0 GPa. The results were fitted with the equation log mAl=1.131+3827 /T− (2.277−7336 /T)logρH2O, where mAl is molality of Al, ρH2O is the density of H2O in g/cm , and T is in Kelvin. The data indicate that Al can have significant solubility in H2O during metamorphic and metasomatic processes in the deep crustal and upper mantle. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Revealing the bifurcation in the unfolding pathways of GFP by using single-molecule experiments and simulations

Nanomanipulation of biomolecules by using single-molecule methods and computer simulations has made it possible to visualize the energy landscape of biomolecules and the structures that are sampled during the folding process. We use simulations and single-molecule force spectroscopy to map the complex energy landscape of GFP that is used as a marker in cell biology and biotechnology. By engineering internal disulfide bonds at selected positions in the GFP structure, mechanical unfolding routes are precisely controlled, thus allowing us to infer features of the energy landscape of the wild-type GFP. To elucidate the structures of the unfolding pathways and reveal the multiple unfolding routes, the experimental results are complemented with simulations of a self-organized polymer (SOP) model of GFP. The SOP representation of proteins, which is a coarse-grained description of biomolecules, allows us to perform forced-induced simulations at loading rates and time scales that closely match those used in atomic force microscopy experiments. By using the combined approach, we show that forced unfolding of GFP involves a bifurcation in the pathways to the stretched state. After detachment of an N-terminal α-helix, unfolding proceeds along two distinct pathways. In the dominant pathway, unfolding starts from the detachment of the primary N-terminal β-strand, while in the minor pathway rupture of the last, C-terminal β-strand initiates the unfolding process. The combined approach has allowed us to map the features of the complex energy landscape of GFP including a characterization of the structures, albeit at a coarse-grained level, of the three metastable intermediates.
A nonlinear model study on the long-term behavior of shore face–connected sand ridges

A morphodynamic model is analyzed to gain further knowledge about the finite amplitude behavior of shore face–connected sand ridges observed on storm-dominated inner shelves. The present work elaborates on previous studies in which it was demonstrated that ridge formation may be due to an instability of a storm-driven current moving over a sandy inner shelf with a transverse slope. Here, the long-term evolution of the ridges is studied by performing a nonlinear stability analysis in which the physical variables are expanded in eigenmodes of the linear stability problem. New physical aspects are that the longshore pressure gradient in the momentum equations and settling lag in the suspended load sediment transport are incorporated. Furthermore, along-shelf uniform shelf modes and subharmonic eigenmodes are accounted for. The model shows that after the transient stage the competition between the modes results in saturation behavior that is dominated by a few modes only. The characteristic height of the final bed forms increases with increasing transverse slopes of the shelf, while the timescale of transient behavior decreases. The longshore uniform modes, pressure gradient, and settling lag effects only have a minor effect on the dynamics. A process analysis reveals that the mechanism responsible for the saturation behavior is the sediment transport related to the bottom slope and the effect of small-scale bed forms. Subharmonic modes significantly affect the transient behavior of the ridges and cause the final bed forms to have larger amplitudes and longer wavelengths.
On the tt-complete set which is tt-mitotic but not btt-mitotic

Let us adduce some definitions: If a recursively enumerable (r.e.) set A is a disjoint union of two sets B and C, then we say that B, C is a r.e. splitting of A. A r.e. set A is tt-mitotic (btt-mitotic) if there is a r.e. splitting (B, C) of A such that the sets B and C both belong to the same tt- (btt-) degree of unsolvability, as the set A. In this paper it is proved, that there exists a tt-complete set, which is tt-mitotic, but not btt-mitotic. Moreover, the constructed set A is, indeed, q-complete.
High rates of HIV seropositivity in Africa - alternative explanation

Although to some it may seem `curious indeed’ a non-retroviral explanation for the correlation between `seropositivity’ and morbidity mortality and AIDS in Africa is eminently possible. Clinical practitioners are no strangers to tests of significant utility and predictive ability which are nonetheless devoid of specificity. Arguably the test which provides the best example is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) because it like the HIV antibody tests is associated with elevations of antibodies and acute phase reactant proteins. Indeed there is evidence that an elevated ESR is a superior predictive marker for the development of clinical AIDS than is a decrease in the CD4 cell count although the latter is said to be the cause of the syndrome. A positive antibody test like the ESR may indicate a propensity to the development of particular diseases without necessarily being linked to HIV infection. (excerpt)
Regulation of expression of Escherichia coli pilus K99

An immunoassay demonstrated that the assembled K99 pilus on the surface of Escherichia coli grown in minimal medium appeared during the logarithmic phase of growth, but the synthesis of K99 subunits, as measured by nonequilibrium two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, occurred throughout the life cycle of the cell. Contrary to other reports, the addition of glucose to the growth medium did not affect K99 pilus assembly or subunit synthesis, although in a K99+ adenyl cyclase (cya) mutant, subunit synthesis was reduced. There was no reduction in the amount of assembled K99 on the cell surface of the cya mutant compared with the wild-type parent. The addition of L-alanine to minimal medium repressed K99 synthesis. However, if L-threonine or L-isoleucine was also included in the growth medium, the effect of L-alanine was reduced. Chloramphenicol caused a complete inhibition of K99 subunit synthesis, but assembly proceeded normally. Growth at 18 degrees C inhibited both subunit synthesis and pilus assembly. Approximately 92% of all cellular K99 was associated with the outer membrane, and 4% was associated with the inner membrane. No K99 was detected in the cytoplasm.
Embeddings into Thompson's group V and coCF groups

It is shown in Lehnert and Schweitzer (‘The co‐word problem for the Higman–Thompson group is context‐free’, Bull. London Math. Soc. 39 (2007) 235–241) that R. Thompson's group V is a cocontext‐context‐free ( coCF ) group, thus implying that all of its finitely generated subgroups are also coCF groups. Also, Lehnert shows in his thesis that V embeds inside the coCF group QAut (T2,c) , which is a group of particular bijections on the vertices of an infinite binary 2‐edge‐coloured tree, and he conjectures that QAut (T2,c) is a universal coCF group. We show that QAut (T2,c) embeds into V , and thus obtain a new form for Lehnert's conjecture. Following up on these ideas, we begin work to build a representation theory into R. Thompson's group V . In particular, we classify precisely which Baumslag–Solitar groups embed into V .
Full Mouth versus Quadrant Treatment in Chronic Periodontitis

Aim The aim of this review is to discuss the evidence for the management of chronic periodontitis, including methods of non-surgical therapy such as full mouth disinfection, full mouth debridement and conventional quadrant-by-quadrant therapy. Methods Manual searches of Medline and Embase databases provided the relevant studies. Results Multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs) selected for the paper failed to show any significant differences between the quadrant-wise treatment and full mouth debridement and modalities. Practical implications This review demonstrates that there is no known difference in treatment outcomes between full mouth debridement and traditional quadrant therapy. Further RCTs are necessary to assess clinical effectiveness of chemical adjunct use.
Preferensi masyarakat pesantren terhadap bank syariah (studi kasus Desa Karangmangu Sarang Rembang)

Perkembangan ekonomi Islam di Indonesia ditandai dengan pesatnya kajian dan publikasi mengenai prinsip-prinsip dan praktek–praktek ekonomi syariah. Hal ini terlihat dari semakin pesatnya pertumbuhan keuangan berbasis syariah, seperti perbankan syariah. akan tetapi belum sepenuhnya mendapat sambutan dari masyarakat pesantren, hal ini dapat diindikasikan dengan masih minimnya masyarakat pesantren menjadi nasabah bank syariah dan masih banyak yang beranggapan bahwa menabung di bank syariah sama saja dengan menabung di bank konvensional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui preferensi masyarakat pesantren terhadap bank syariah. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Desa Karangmangu Kecamatan Sarang kabupaten Rembang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling insidential sebanyak 75 responden. Metode pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa variabel Profesionalitas, Akses, Fatwa MUI tentang riba, dan Sosialisasi tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap preferensi masyarakat pesantren terhadap bank syariah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai signifikansinya uji t signifikansinya sebesar 0.110 > 0.05, akses sebesar 0.841 > 0.05, fasilitas sebesar 0,899 > 0.05, variabel fatwa MUI tentang Riba sebesar 0.84 > 0.05. dan sosialisasi sebesar 0,228 > 0.05. Sedangkan variabel pengetahuan, keuntungan dan produk signifikan berpengaruh terhadap preferensi masyarakat pesantren terhadap bank syariah. hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai signifikansinya uji t pengetahuan sebesar 0.000 < 0.05, keuntungan sebesar 0.002 < 0.05, dan produk sebesar 0.000 < 0.05.