Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE BRIGHTEST OF REIONIZING GALAXIES SURVEY: CONSTRAINTS ON THE BRIGHT END OF THE z ∼ 8 LUMINOSITY FUNCTION

We report the discovery of 33 Lyman-break galaxy candidates at z ∼ 8 detected in Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) imaging as part of the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies (BoRG) pure-parallel survey. The ongoing BoRG survey currently has the largest area (274 arcmin2) with Y098 (or Y105), J125, and H160 band coverage needed to search for z ∼ 8 galaxies, about three times the current CANDELS area, and slightly larger than what will be the final CANDELS wide component with Y105 data (required to select z ∼ 8 sources). Our sample of 33 relatively bright Y098-dropout galaxies have J125-band magnitudes between 25.5 and 27.4 mag. This is the largest sample of bright (J125 ≲ 27.4) z ∼ 8 galaxy candidates presented to date. Combining our data set with the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field data set, we constrain the rest-frame ultraviolet galaxy luminosity function at z ∼ 8 over the widest dynamic range currently available. The combined data sets are well fitted by a Schechter function, i.e., , without evidence for an excess of sources at the bright end. At 68% confidence, for h = 0.7 we derive ϕ* = (4.3+3.5−2.1) × 10−4 Mpc−3, M* = −20.26+0.29−0.34, and a very steep faint-end slope α = −1.98+0.23−0.22. While the best-fit parameters still have a strong degeneracy, especially between ϕ* and M*, our improved coverage at the bright end has reduced the uncertainty of the faint-end power-law slope at z ∼ 8 compared to the best previous determination at ±0.4. With a future expansion of the BoRG survey, combined with planned ultradeep WFC3/IR observations, it will be possible to further reduce this uncertainty and clearly demonstrate the steepening of the faint-end slope compared to measurements at lower redshift, thereby confirming the key role played by small galaxies in the reionization of the universe.
Demography : analysis and synthesis

Sections: Population Dynamics and the Relationship Between Population Growth and Structure. The Determinants of Fertility. The Determinants of Mortality. The Determinants of Migration. Historical and Geographical Determinants of Population. The Effects of Population on Health, Economics, Culture, and the Environment. Population Policies. Data Collection Methods and Teaching about Population Studies.
Tumoural response assessment after chemoembolisation of hypervascular liver lesions

Poster: "ECR 2015 / B-1090 / Tumoural response assessment after chemoembolisation of hypervascular liver lesions" by: "M. -A. Jegonday , A. Fohlen, V. Le Pennec , K. Bouhier-Leporrier, I. Ollivier-Hourmand, J.-J. Parienti, J.-P. Pelage; Caen/FR"
Fault and fracture patterns around a strike-slip influenced salt wall

The trends of faults and fractures in overburden next to a salt diapir are generally considered to be either parallel to the salt margin to form concentric patterns, or at right angles to the salt contact to create an overall radial distribution around the diapir. However, these simple diapir-related patterns may become more complex if regional tectonics influences the siting and growth of a diapir. Using the Sedom salt wall in the Dead Sea Fault system as our case study, we examine the influence of regional strike-slip faulting on fracture patterns around a salt diapir. This type of influence is important in general as the distribution and orientation of fractures on all scales may influence permeability and hence control fluid and hydrocarbon flow. Fractures adjacent to the N-S trending salt wall contain fibrous gypsum veins and injected clastic dykes, attesting to high fluid pressures adjacent to the diapir. Next to the western flank of the salt wall, broad (∼1000 m) zones of upturn or ‘drape folds’ are associated with NW-SE striking conjugate extensional fractures within the overburden. Within 300 m of the salt contact, fracture patterns in map view display a progressive ∼30°–35° clockwise rotation with more NNW-SSE strikes immediately adjacent to the salt wall. While some extensional faults display growth geometries, indicating that they were syn-depositional and initiated prior to tilting of beds associated with drape folding, other fractures display increasing dips towards the salt, suggesting that they have formed during upturn of bedding near the diapir. These observations collectively suggest that many fractures developed to accommodate rotation of beds during drape folding. Extensional fractures in the overburden define a mean strike that is ∼45° anticlockwise (counter-clockwise) of the N-S trending salt wall, and are therefore consistent with sinistral transtension along the N-S trending Sedom Fault that underlies the salt wall. Our outcrop analysis reveals fracture geometries that are related to both tilting of beds during drape folding, and regional strike-slip tectonics. The presence of faults and fractures that interact with drape folds suggests that deformation in overburden next to salt cannot be simply pigeon-holed into ‘end-member’ scenarios of purely brittle faulting or viscous flow.
The FSHR Polymorphisms Association with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Erbil , Kurdistan in North of Iraq

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women during fertilization age that reflects changing clinical symptoms. The genetic concept of PCOS is unclear and no significant genetic association with PCOS has been established. The level of Follicle stimulating hormone FSH is encoded by FSH receptor (FSHR) and abnormal FSHR affects follicle cogenesis and ovary and consist of 9 introns, 10 exons, and the region of chromosome promoter at 2p21. Sample of 93PCOS patients and 52 controls were collected from Province of Erbil in north of Iraq. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood and genotype dissected was improved for the two population of study using PCR-RFLP with the restriction enzyme Eam1105I. The genotype distributions and allele frequency of Ala307Thr polymorphisms of FSHR were not statistically various between the controls and the PCOS patients. Significant elevation of body mass index with all genotype of PCOS was found when compared with controls. There were statistical differences in the BMI and most of the serum hormone and lipid profile parameters including LH, total testosterone, fasting glucose, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL, there were significant various in FSH and LH levels of hormones and HDL, LDL and VLDL with PCOS group conveying different genotypes of Ala307Thr polymorphisms. The variant of Ala307Thr was not associated with PCOS in Kurdistan women; there was no relationship between the POCS and gene of FSHR polymorphism at codons 307. There was a significant difference in FSH and LH levels with PCOS patients conveying different genotypes of Ala307Thr polymorphism.
Morphology, Geochemistry, and Mineralogy of Serpentine Soils under a Tropical Forest in Southeastern Taiwan

【Summary】 Serpentine soils pose ecological or environmental risks because of high levels of Cr and Ni and low Ca/Mg ratios. Studies on the morphological characteristics, geochemical processes, and the mineralogical composition of serpentine soils in tropical forest ecosystems are limited. Two pedons (TK-1 and TK-2) on the ophiolite complex in the Chishang area, southeastern Taiwan, were chosen to represent the degree of soil development. The TK-1 pedon is an Entisol, whereas the TK-2 pedon is a Vertisol based on the US soil classification system. This study explored the soil morphology to establish a regional baseline for naturally occurring Cr and Ni to link to related soil geochemical properties and mineral features in this tropical forest ecosystem. The results indicated that weathering of primary minerals (i.e., serpentine and olivine) has occurred, and pedogenic Fe oxides have accumulated in the soils. However, both pedons had pH values of < 7.0, and amounts of organic carbon were low. Their cation exchange capacities were high; however, the deficiency of K in these soils may be exacerbated by the presence of clay minerals, such as mica, vermiculite, and smectite. At the exchange sites of the soils, Mg was higher than Ca, and the difference was obvious toward the bottom of the soil profile. Total contents of Cr and Ni greatly exceeded background levels in other parts of Taiwan. Clear amounts of labile Cr and Ni may have been fixed by pedogenic Fe oxides, which corresponds to the observation of serpentine mineral weathering. Concentrations of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-extractable Cr and Ni increased with soil development because of sorption/co-precipitation by pedogenic Fe oxides, which accumulated more in the TK-2 pedon than in the TK-1 pedon. Moreover, differences in the clay mineral composition between pedons indicate the importance of understanding the localized mineralogy when developing effective site-specific forest management strategies.
INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING ON EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN NAKURU EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

Across the world, women are significantly underrepresented in leadership and management in business and political governance. Women have for a long time been marginalized despite the significant role they play in the socio-economic development. Countries which have laid down and implemented strategies on empowering women have witnessed great improvements in their development and growth. However, in Kenya, the marginalization of women has resulted in their financial disempowerment. This study seeks to evaluate how financial decision making influences the empowerment of women in Nakuru East Sub-County. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The target population constituted members of registered women self-help groups (SHGs) in Nakuru East. The accessible population comprised of 150 registered women SHGs in Nakuru East Sub-County. A sample of 74 respondents was drawn from the sampling frame using simple random sampling technique of which 64 women responded by duly filling in the questionnaires. A structured questionnaire was used to aid in data collection. The questionnaire was subjected to both validity and reliability tests. The data collected was analyzed with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 software. Data analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between financial decision making and the overall financial empowerment of women. Results showed that financial decision making is positively and significantly associated with empowerment of women (r= 0.293, p=0.04). The study thus recommends that’s elf-help groups should educate members on matters relating to finance so that they could make informed and independent financial decisions such as the amount to borrow, how and where to allocate borrowed funds.
Petrography and shock‐related remagnetization of pyrrhotite in drill cores from the Bosumtwi Impact Crater Drilling Project, Ghana

Abstract— Rock magnetic and magnetic mineralogy data are presented from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drill cores LB‐07A and LB‐08A of the Bosumtwi impact structure in order to understand the magnetic behavior of impact and target lithologies and their impact‐related remagnetization mechanism. Basic data for the interpretation of the magnetic anomaly patterns and the magnetic borehole measurements as well as for new magnetic modeling are provided. Magnetic susceptibility (150–500 × 10−6 SI) and natural remanent magnetization (10−3−10−1 A/m) are generally weak, but locally higher values up to 10.6 × 10−3 SI and 43 A/m occur. Sixty‐three percent of the investigated rock specimens show Q values above 1 indicating that remanence clearly dominates over induced magnetization, which is a typical feature of impact structures. Ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite is the main magnetite phase, which occurs besides minor magnetite and a magnetic phase with a Curie temperature between 330 and 350 °C, interpreted as anomalous pyrrhotite. Coercive forces are between 20 and 40 mT. Brecciation and fracturing of pyrrhotite is a common feature confirming its pre‐impact origin. Grain sizes of pyrrhotite show a large variation but the numerous stress‐induced nanostructures observable by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are assumed to behave as single‐domain grains. We suggest that the drilled rocks lost their pre‐shock remanence memory during the shock event and acquired a new, stable remanence during shock‐induced grain size reduction. The observed brittle microstructures indicate temperatures not higher than 250 °C, which is below the Curie temperature of ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite (310 °C).
The occurrence of mastitis and its effect on the milk malondialdehyde concentrations and blood enzymatic antioxidants in dairy cows

Early identification of mastitis is a serious challenge for dairy farmers and veterinarians in ensuring the health of an animal and the hygienic quality of the produced milk. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence and aetiology of mastitis in a dairy herd of 15 milked cows localised in a farm in west Slovakia. During the complex investigation, 606 quarter milk samples were examined (6 quarters were discarded) and classified based on the clinical status, the presence of abnormal udder secretions, the result of the California mastitis test (CMT), the somatic cell count (SCC) and the bacteriological identification of the pathogens causing the intramammary infection (IMI). The study was augmented by the detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the milk and the measurements of the blood enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as potential biomarkers for the udder health screening. A positive CMT score was recorded in 19.5% (118) of the examined quarters and 12.5% (76) of the quarters were infected with bacterial pathogens causing latent mastitis (LM; 1.3%), subclinical mastitis (SM; 8.3%), and clinical mastitis (CM; 2.9%). The most commonly isolated bacteria from the infected quarters were coagulase-negative staphylococci (55.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%) and streptococci (10.5%). The concentration of MDA and SCC were significantly higher from both the SM and CM cases than in the milk samples from the healthy cows, while the blood activities of SOD and GPx were lower in the cows with CM compared to the healthy cows. The higher MDA concentrations in the SM and CM milk observed in this study showed the presence of an oxidative stress in the infected milk, accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidative enzymatic activity in the blood of the cows. Therefore, the measurement of the milk MDA concentration and the activity of the blood SOD and GPx may prove insightful for the better screening of the udder health in the early diagnosis of mastitis.
The Nature of Human Disposition: al-Ghazālī's Contribution to an Islamic Concept of Personality

The paper provides a critique of contemporary psychological models of human nature and highlights the contribution of al-Ghazālī towards a better conceptualization of human disposition. A brief outline of the philosophical foundations of the three major psychological approaches–Freudian psychoanalysis, Skinnerian behaviorism, and Rogerian and Maslowvian Humanism– are provided. Consequently, the metaphors they adopted for human nature are discussed. The paper also highlights the shortcomings of these models by looking at their practical implications, particularly for psychology of personality. The last part of the paper dwells on al-Ghazālī’s contribution to an Islamic abstraction of human disposition and personality.
Quick Execution Time Predictions for Spark Applications

The Apache Spark cluster computing platform is being increasingly used to develop big data analytics applications. There are many scenarios that require quick estimates of the execution time of any given Spark application. For example, users and operators of a Spark cluster often require quick insights on how the execution time of an application is likely to be impacted by the resources allocated to the application, e.g., the number of Spark executor cores assigned, and the size of the data to be processed. Job schedulers can benefit from fast estimates at runtime that would allow them to quickly conFigure a Spark application for a desired execution time using the least amount of resources. While others have developed models to predict the execution time of Spark applications, such models typically require extensive prior executions of applications under various resource allocation settings and data sizes. Consequently, these techniques are not suited for situations where quick predictions are required and very little cluster resources are available for the experimentation needed to build a model. This paper proposes an alternative approach called PERIDOT that addresses this limitation. The approach involves executing a given application under a fixed resource allocation setting with two different-sized, small subsets of its input data. It analyzes logs from these two executions to estimate the dependencies between internal stages in the application. Information on these dependencies combined with knowledge of Spark’s data partitioning mechanisms is used to derive an analytic model that can predict execution times for other resource allocation settings and input data sizes. We show that deriving a model using just these two reference executions allows PERIDOT to accurately predict the performance of a variety of Spark applications spanning text analytics, linear algebra, machine learning and Spark SQL. In contrast, we show that a state-of-the-art machine learning based execution time prediction algorithm performs poorly when presented with such limited training data.
COMPOSITIONAL EVALUATION OF RAW AND PROCESSED HARMS (BRACHYSTEGIA EURYCOMA) SEED FLOUR

Brachystegia eurycoma is predominantly grown in the eastern region of Nigeria. Its seed is used in food majorly as a soup condiment, flavouring agent and soup thickener. The proximate, mineral and amino acid compositions were determined on raw and processed seeds (boiled, fermented and roasted) using standard analytical techniques. The processing methods showed deviations in nutrients from the raw seeds. The crude protein was reduced by the processing methods with exception of roasting method. Crude fat was reduced in all the processing methods in this order: Raw > fermented > roasted > boiled samples. All the processing methods enhanced calcium content in this order: Raw < boiled < fermented < roasted samples. Boiling and fermenting reduced the content of magnesium by 72.6 and 30.2%, respectively while boiling, fermenting and roasting increased potassium content by 124.5, 12.2 and 120.4%, respectively. Generally, all the samples were found to be a good source of essential minerals and harmful heavy metals such as lead, chromium, arsenic and cadmium were not at detectable range of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The amino acid profile revealed that amino acids in fermented sample were better concentrated than that of raw and other processed samples. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) ranged from 28.63 g/100g crude protein in roasted sample to 34.79 g/100g crude protein in fermented sample. The limiting amino acid (LAA) for all the samples was Met + Cys (TSAA).
Banking System Credit to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Co-integration Approach

This study examined the impact of banking system credit to small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) and economic growth in Nigeria using annual data covering 1981 to 2013 periods. The study employed ordinary least square (OLS) and co-integration econometric method with the use of sequential modified LR test statistic as lag length selection criteria to conduct its tests and analysis. The results revealed that the banking system credit to SMEs though gradually increased yearly as a result of increase in population and hence economic activities, the credit to SMEs as a percentage of total credit to the private sector declined yearly. Banking system credit to SMEs was not significant and thus did not contribute meaningfully to economic growth in Nigeria. Total credit to the private sector was statistically significant and positive at 5% level of significance. While lending rate has negative and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The need for the government to intervene in a more meaningful way through articulated policies and programmes that will promote funding of SMEs and reduce the level of lending interest rate have been recommended. This will
Scaling up sustainability-oriented innovation

Background: Acknowledging the responsibilities assigned to business within the context of sustainable development, a growing number of companies is set up in order to innovatively address environmental problems or societal needs. Collaborations with large companies are thereby one way of scaling up the impact of these startups’ sustainabilityoriented innovations. However, collaborations between two actors that are so different from each other are also challenging. If the aim of a collaboration between a startup and a large corporation is the upscaling of a sustainability-oriented innovation, the success of this collaboration is not only in the interest of the two involved actors, but can be said to be a concern to society as a whole. Aim: The aim of this research is to answer the questions of how collaborations with large companies contribute to the upscaling ambitions of sustainability-oriented startups and to explore the kind of challenges which are encountered during such collaborations. Contrary to most studies in this area, this thesis adopts a startup perspective on the issue, exploring the subjective meanings attached to the process of collaboration by the startups. Methodology: A multiple case study strategy was used to explore the issue of corporation-startup collaborations. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews, and company and industry reports. Given its exploratory character, the findings of this research are forming a basis for further, more conclusive research. Key findings: Sustainability-oriented startups benefit from collaborations with large companies in several ways. Apart from providing financial capital, large corporations are able to offer expertise, the possibility to network, legitimacy in the eyes of actors such as investors or customers, and inspiration regarding the improvement of the startups’ innovative solutions and/or business models. Main challenges as experienced by sustainability-oriented startups concern the establishment of contact, differences in the availability of resources, the possible dependence on the large corporate partner, and implications resulting from differences regarding the perception of and relevance attached to sustainability matters.