Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Peer Effects: Behavioral Contagion of (Un)Ethical Behavior and the Role of Social Identity

Social interactions and the resulting peer effects loom large in both economic and social contexts. This is particularly true for the spillover of (un)ethical behavior in explaining how behavior and norms spread across individual people, neighborhoods, or even cultures. Although we understand and observe the outcomes of such contagion effects, little is known about the drivers and the underlying mechanisms, especially with respect to the role of social identity with one’s peers and the (un)ethicality of behavior one is exposed to. We use a variant of a give-or-take dictator game to shed light on these aspects in a con-trolled laboratory setting. Our experiment contributes to the existing literature in two ways: first, using a novel approach of inducing social identification with one’s peers in the lab, our design allows us to analyze the spillover-effects of (un)ethical behavior under varied levels of social identification. Second, we study whether contagion of ethical behavior differs from contagion of unethical behavior. Our results suggest that a) unethical behavior is more contagious, and b) social identification with one’s peers and not the (un)ethicality of observed behavior is the main driver of behavioral contagion. Our findings are particularly important from a policy perspective both in order to foster pro-social and mitigate deviant behavior.
Investing in Care: A Strategy for Effective and Equitable Job Creation

Massive job losses in the United States, over eight million since the onset of the "Great Recession," call for job creation measures through fiscal expansion. In this paper we analyze the job creation potential of social service–delivery sectors-early childhood development and home-based health care-as compared to other proposed alternatives in infrastructure construction and energy. Our microsimulation results suggest that investing in the care sector creates more jobs in total, at double the rate of infrastructure investment. The second finding is that these jobs are more effective in reaching disadvantaged workers-those from poor households and with lower levels of educational attainment. Job creation in these sectors can easily be rolled out. States already have mechanisms and implementation capacity in place. All that is required is policy recalibration to allow funds to be channeled into sectors that deliver jobs both more efficiently and more equitably.
Source and processing effects on noise correlations

We quantify the effects of spatially heterogeneous noise sources and seismic processing on noise correlation measurements and their sensitivity to Earth structure. Using numerical wavefield simulations and adjoint techniques, we calculate interstation correlations and sensitivity kernels for arbitrarily distributed noise sources where-as in the real Earth-different frequencies are generated in different locations. While both heterogeneous noise sources and processing can have profound effects on noise correlation waveforms, narrow-band traveltime measurements are less affected, in accord with previous analytical studies. Sensitivities to Earth structure depend strongly on the source distribution and the processing scheme, and they reveal exotic frequency dependencies that go beyond the well-known frequency scaling of the Fresnel zone width. Our results indicate that modern full waveform inversion applied to noise correlations is not possible unless one of the following measures is taken: (1) properly account for noise source distribution and processing, or (2) limit measurements to phase or time shifts in narrow frequency bands. Failure to do so can lead to erroneous misfits, tomographic artefacts, and reduced resolution.
The Effects of Technological Innovation, Organizational Innovation and Absorptive Capacity on Product Innovation: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

This study investigates the impacts of organizational innovation, technological innovation and absorptive capacity on product innovation as well as examines the antecedents of technological innovation and organizational innovation in one of the Tertiary Education Institutions in Malaysia. A total of 600 samples were distributed to the tertiary students. A questionnaire survey was adopted as the main method of data collection and structural equation modeling was applied as a data analysis tool. The findings indicate that: (1) Organizational innovation, technological innovation and absorptive capacity are positively related to product innovation respectively; (2) Technological innovation positively mediates the relationship between organizational innovation and product innovation; (3) Technological innovation positively mediates the relationship between absorptive capacity and product innovation; (4) Organizational innovation positively mediates the relationship between absorptive capacity and technological innovation; (5) Organizational innovation positively mediates the relationship between absorptive capacity and product innovation. The findings of this study do provide relevant theoretical, managerial and policy contributions in the literature.
Investigating the Effect of Trust, Work-Involvement, Motivation and Demographic Variables on Organizational Commitment: Evidence from IT Industry

The dynamic nature of the information technologies industry is one of the sectors whose employees’ behaviorsare obviously affected by work-related factors. This study aims to investigate the interaction between trust, involvement, motivation, demographic variables and organizational commitment of employees ininformation-technology (IT) industry. Data were gathered from the research sample of IT professionals (N=400) employed in Turkish high-tech industry. To investigate the relationship between trust, work-involvement, motivation and organizational commitment; factor analysis, correlation analysis and logistic regression wereconducted. Empirical results reveal that organizational commitment of employees is influenced by trust, work-involvement and work experience. Identical models estimated with logistic regression provide no supportfor the presence of a motivation and commitment interaction.
The Study of Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient Composition of Mari Olive Leaf Cultivated in Iran

Background and Objectives: According to recent research, olive leaf (OL) has demonstrated significant properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, gastro protective and cardio protective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, and fatty acid composition (FAC) of OL of Marry variety cultivated in Jiroft province of Iran. This study also attempts to identify and quantify the polyphenolic compounds of OL of Mari. Materials and Methods: The content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, fat ether extract (FEE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of OL, FAC, type and amount of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity (AA%), total phenol, tannin, flavonoid contents (TPC, TTC, and TFC, respectively), were determined, all procedures were performed according to the reference methods. Results: The content of DM, and CP, Ash, FEE, ADF, and NDF of OL obtained 94.7±0.08 (%), and 13.08±0.06, 6±0.7, 3.9±0.28, 32.48±0.56, 40.6±0.26 (DM%), respectively. The amounts of TPC, TTC and TFC of OL were obtained 108.24±0.09, 56.85±0.10 (mg Gallic acid (GAE)/g dried OL) and 189.28±. 012 (mg Quercetin (QE)/g dried OL), respectively. Results showed that oleuropein was the dominant polyphenol (8306.9μg/ g of dried OL). The AA% of OL extract was obtained 61%±0.9%. The FAC of OL was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and the results showed linoleic acid (27.2±0.33%) followed by oleic acid (21.8±0.40 %) as the most abundant unsaturated FAs found in the OL, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that OL is a rich source of natural and bioactive compounds, which can be used in the food industry, animal feed, and so on for improving the nutritional value and functionality.
On cohomological systems of Galois representations

The paper contains an expanded version of the talk delivered by the first author during the conference ALANT3 in Będlewo in June 2014. We survey recent results on independence of systems of Galois representations attached to `-adic cohomology of schemes. Some other topics ranging from the Mumford–Tate conjecture and the Geyer–Jarden conjecture to applications of geometric class field theory are also considered. In addition, we have highlighted a variety of open questions which can lead to interesting research in near future. 1. Geometric Galois representations. Let K be a field of characteristic p ≥ 0, K an algebraic closure of K and X/K a smooth projective variety of dimension d. Let L be the set of all prime numbers. Grothendieck and M. Artin defined in [4] for every j ∈ N the étale cohomology groups H(XK ,Z/n). These groups are Z/n-modules. Unlike singular cohomology the cohomology groups of Grothendieck and Artin can be defined even if p > 0. In the need for cohomology groups which are vector spaces over a field of characteristic zero one defines (cf. [4]) for every ` ∈ L the `-adic étale cohomology groups Hj(XK ,Q`) = ( lim ←− i∈N Hj(XK ,Z/` ) ) ⊗Z` Q`. There is a natural representation ρ (j) `,X : GK → Aut(H j(XK ,Q`)) 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 11G10; Secondary 14F20.
Producing Poly-Silicon from Silane in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

The accumulated world solar cell capacity was 2.54 GW in 2006, 89.9% based on monoor multi-crystalline silicon wafer technology, 7.4% thin film silicon, and 2.6% direct wafering (Neuhaus & Munzer, 2007). The rapidly expanding market and high cost of silicon led to the development of thin-film technologies such as the Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Copper-Indium-Gallium Selenide (CIGS), Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, amorphous Si on steel and many other. The market share for thin-film technology jumped to nearly 20% of the total 7.7 GW of solar cells production in 2009 (Cavallaro, 2010). There are more than 25 types of solar cells and modules in current use (Green & Emery, 1993). Technology based on mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline silicon wafers presently dominate and will probably continue to dominate since raw material availability is not a problem given that silicon is abundant and cheap. Solar cells based on rare-earth metals pose a challenge since the cost of the raw materials tend to fluctuate and availability is limited. However the cost of silicon solar cells and the raw material, solar grade poly-silicon is too high and this technology will be displaced unless cost effective alternatives are found to make silicon solar cells. Figure 1 shows the approximate distributions for the different costs in producing a silicon based solar module (Muller et al., 2006). The figure shows where there is significant incentive to reduce costs. The areas of solar grade silicon (SOG) production and wafer manufacture stand out. These processes are presently not well optimized and many opportunities exist to improve the manufacturing technology through process innovation, retro-fit, optimization and process control. Poly-silicon, the feedstock for the semiconductor and photovoltaic industries, was in short supply during the beginning of the last decade due to the expansion of the photovoltaic (PV) industry and limited recovery of reject silicon from the semiconductor industry. The relative market share of silicon for the electronic and solar industries is depicted in Figure 2. This figure shows the growing importance of the the solar cell industry in the poly-silicon market. Take last year as an example, a total amount of 170,000 metric tons of poly-silicon was produced and 85% was consumed by solar industry while only 15% was consumed by the semiconductor industry. This represents a complete reversal of the situation less than two decades ago. During the last decade, the total PV industry demand for feedstock grew by more than 20% annually. The forecasted growth rate for the next decade is a conservative 15% per year. The available silicon capacities for both semiconductor and PV industry are limited to 220,000 metric tons for the time being. Producing Poly-Silicon from Silane in a Fluidized Bed Reactor 7
The Exploitation of the Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias L.) in European Waters

T h e catclz statistics The European catch of spiny dogfish has shown a marked increase since the World War I1 which will be evident from Table 1 prepared on the basis of the catch figures published in ICES Bulletin Statistique. Unfortunately, it is not possible to arrive at the exact catch statistics of the spur-dog because the figures in the Bulletin Statistique comprise certain other species of sharks. (ICES, 1950-1962). I t will be seen that the total catch has increased from about 10.000 tons in 1945 to about 60.000 tons in 1961. Table 1 shows that the bulk of the catcli is shared between four countries: England, Scotland, France and Norway. In addition to the information contained in Table 1 it may be mentioned, that in the years 1961-63 the Norwegian catch was on the average 30.384 tons.
Developing Alliance Capabilities: An Empirical Study

This paper assesses the differential performance effects of learning mechanisms on the development of alliance capabilities. Prior research has suggested that different capability levels could be identified in which specific intra-firm learning mechanisms are used to enhance a firm’s alliance capability. However, empirical testing in this field is scarce and little is known as to what extent different learning mechanisms are indeed useful in advancing a firm’s alliance capability. This paper analyzes to what extent intra-firm learning mechanisms help firms develop their alliance capability. Differential learning may explain in what way firms yield superior returns from their alliances in comparison to competitors. The empirical results show that different learning mechanisms have different performance effects at different stages of the alliance capability development process. The main lesson from this paper is that firms can steer the creation and speed of their alliance capability development as different learning mechanisms have differential performance effects and are more appropriate at different levels of alliance capability.
Superfluid Quantum Space and Evolution of the Universe

We assume that dark energy and dark matter filling up the whole cosmic space behave as a special superfluid, here named “superfluid quantum space. ” We analyze the relationship between intrinsic pressure of SQS (dark energy's repulsive force) and gravity, described as an inflow of dark energy into massive particles, causing a negative pressure gradient around massive bodies. Since no superfluid has exact zero viscosity, we analyze the consequences of SQS’s viscosity on light propagation, and we show that a static Universe could be possible, by solving a modified Navier-Stokes equation. Indeed, Hubble’s law may actually refer to tired light, though described as energy loss due to SQS’s nonzero viscosity instead of Compton scattering, bypassing known historical problems concerning tired light. We see that SQS’s viscosity may also account for the Pioneer anomaly. Our evaluation gives a magnitude of the anomalous acceleration aP = HΛc = 8.785 10 10 ms . Here, HΛ is the Hubble parameter loaded by the cosmological constant Λ. Furthermore, the vorticity equation stemming from the modified Navier-Stokes equation gives a solution for flat profile of the orbital speed of spiral galaxies and discloses what one might call a breathing of galaxies due to energy exchange between the galactic vortex and dark energy.
Harmonizing External Quotas in an FTA: A Step Backward?

This paper explores how political-economy forces shape quantitative barriers against the rest of the world in a FTA. We show that whereas the dilution of lobbying power in a FTA typically leads to a relaxation of external quotas, this result is likely to be overturned as integration deepens. In particular, we show that cooperation among member countries on the level of their external quotas, cross-border lobbying by import-competing interests in the free-trade area and the consolidation of national external quotas into a single one, all lead to stiffer restrictions against imports from the rest of the world. We also show that unlike tariffs, endogenous quotas are not crucially affected by the presence of rules of origin.
Weight Functions in Time-Frequency Analysis

We discuss the most common types of weight functions in harmonic analysis and how they occur in \tfa . As a general rule, submultiplicative weights characterize algebra properties, moderate weights characterize module properties, Gelfand-Raikov-Shilov weights determine spectral invariance, and Beurling-Domar weights guarantee the existence of compactly supported test functions.
RETAIL ENTRY EFFECTS ON PHARMACEUTICALS PRICES: A VIEW FROM LARGE RETAIL CHAINS IN BRAZIL

Pharmaceutical prices are an important public policy issue in many countries. In the case of Brazil patent and non-patent (generic) drugs coexist and are sold at retailers in manufacturers packaging. The role of retailer competition is a little explored topic. Using a unique data set of over 50,000 geographically referenced prices for a large retail chain, we explore the role of entry and competition on the top selling drugs (prescription, OTC and generics). A differences-in-differences model of large retail chain store date-of-entry suggest significant price decreases from the first and second competitor to an incumbent on the range of 5%-7%. The effect on generics is even larger, reaching 10%. A third competitor is not associated with significant average drug or store price decreases.
Modulating impact of electromagnetic radiation on geoacoustic emission of rocks

This work presents the results of studies of a physical basis of modulating effects of continuous exposure to electromagnetic radiation on intensity of geoacoustic processes in real geological media. The study is based on data from long-term borehole geoacoustic, electromagnetic, hydrogeochemical and hydrogeodynamic measurements performed in the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky geodynamic polygon. The authors have analyzed the physical reasons for the high correlation of the RMS signals of geoacoustic emission and external electromagnetic radiation at intervals of background seismicity and investigated the physical mechanism of the effect of degradation of geoacoustic emission response to the electromagnetic effects observed at the time of relatively close strong earthquakes.
Robustifying Optimal Monetary Policy Using Simple Rules as Cross-Checks

There are two main approaches to modelling monetary policy; simple instrument rules and optimal policy. We propose an alternative that combines the two by extending the loss function with a term penalizing deviations from a simple rule. We analyze the properties of the modified loss function by considering three different models for the US economy. The choice of the weight on the simple rule determines the trade-off between optimality and robustness. We show that by placing some weight on a simple Taylor-type rule in the loss function, one can prevent disastrous outcomes if the model is not a correct representation of the underlying economy.
Rising Wage Inequality, Rate Of Return On Investment In Education, And Cost Of Education

One of the most interesting facts about the growth of developed nations, especially of the US growth, in the last three decades is significant growth of the ratio of the wage of skilled labor to that of unskilled labor. At the same time, existing evidence seems to suggest that the ratio of the rate of return on investment in skilled labor to that of unskilled labor has stayed pretty stable. This contradicting trend in movement of two ratios is formally easy to explain. Being aware of the fact that all possible measures of the rate of return in education confront, in one way or another, differences in wages of different educational levels with the cost of reaching the concerned level of education, we can with certainty conclude that, in order to keep the rate of return ratio unchanged, the increase of wage ratio should be accompanied with adequate increase in the ratio of the cost of reaching a skilled level of education to the cost of reaching an unskilled level. This is something that follows from identity and as such cannot be questioned. The real question here refers to a possible source of relative increase in the cost of reaching skilled level of education. Possibilities are here enormous and every developed country presents a different story. The purpose of this article is to shed a light on one of the sources of education cost growth which is common to all developed countries and which can explain the greatest part of education cost ratio increase in all developed countries. In what follows we will show that the increase in the cost of education ratio is mostly due, first, to the fact that technological progress in industry of education is negligible, second, to the fact that “products” of industry of education are nontradeables, and third, to the increase of wage ratio itself.
Sequoioideae (Cupressaceae) woods from the upper Oligocene of European Turkey (Thrace)

Six Upper Oligocene mummified fossil wood samples originating from the Agacli Lignite Quarry near Istanbul (Turkey) were anatomically studied and identified as Sequoioxylon. This record increases the understanding of the palaeoenvironments of Turkey during the Oligocene and thus represents an important contribution to the poorly understood vegetation existing between Europe and Asia during the Tertiary.
Arcahean tonalitic-trondhjemitic and granitic plutonism in the Gavião Block, São Francisco Craton, Bahia, Brazil: geochemical and geochronological characteristics

The granitic-gneissic terranes of the Gaviao Block in the central-southern Sao Francisco Craton are a key area to the understanding of the Archaean evolution of the South American Platform. The Archaean granitic-gneissic rocks are intimately associated with the Umburanas and Contendas Mirante greenstone belts. The metamorphic grades vary from greenschist to amphibolite facies. These rocks were intensely deformed and intruded by Paleoproterozoic granites. The main evolution of the Gaviao Block is marked by the formation of granitoid nuclei during various episodes of TTG plutonism between 3.2 and 3.4 Ga. The TDM Sm-Nd model ages for these granitoids range from 3.2 and 3.6 Ga, indicating involvement of sialic crust in their genesis, in agreement with the eNd(t) values between -4.0 and -1.3. Between 3.1 and 2.5 Ga, the Gaviao Block was affected by volcanic and sedimentary activity associated with the formation of the Umburanas and Contendas Mirante greenstone belts, intruded by granites about 2.75 and 2.5 Ga ago. During the Paleoproterozoic, the Gaviao Block was regionally deformed and metamorphosed, and intruded by granites between 2.1 and 1.9 Ga. During the Mesoproterozoic, tectonic and metamorphic activity occurred between 1.2 and 1.0 Ga as suggested by resetting of Rb-Sr and K-Ar systematics. Finally, regional tectono-thermal overprints in the areas occurred during the Neoproterozoic. These episodes are accompanied by the intrusion of mafic dikes at about 0.9 Ga. K-Ar ages given by biotites fall within the range 0.5-0.7 Ga and mark the end of the cratonization stage.