Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trigger factors in migraine with aura

The aim of the present study was to identify trigger factors in migraine with aura (MA). A total of 629 MA patients representative of the Danish population were sent a questionnaire listing 16 trigger factors thought to be relevant as well as space for free text. Distinction was made between attacks with or without aura within each patient. The questionnaire was returned by 522 patients of whom 347 had current MA attacks. In total 80% with current attacks (278/347) indicated that at least one factor triggered their migraine, and 67% (187/278) in this group indicated that they were aware of at least one factor often or always giving rise to an attack of MA. Forty-one per cent (113/278) had co-occurring attacks of migraine without aura (MO). Stress (following stress), bright light, intense emotional influences, stress (during stress) and sleeping too much or too little were the trigger factors mentioned by most. Attack frequency had little impact on the number of trigger factors. Women reported more trigger factors than men. Patients having attacks of both MA and MO reported more trigger factors for MO attacks than for MA attacks. In conclusion, 80% of patients with MA reported trigger factors and two-thirds of these reported at least one trigger factor often or always triggering an attack of MA. Patients should be educated to avoid these factors.
A rodent model of mild traumatic brain blast injury

One of the criteria defining mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in humans is a loss of consciousness lasting for less than 30 min. mTBI can result in long‐term impairment of cognition and behavior. In rats, the length of time it takes a rat to right itself after injury is considered to be an analog for human return to consciousness. This study characterized a rat mild brain blast injury (mBBI) model defined by a righting response reflex time (RRRT) of more than 4 min but less than 10 min. Assessments of motor coordination relying on beam‐balance and foot‐fault assays and reference memory showed significant impairment in animals exposed to mBBI. This study's hypothesis is that there are inflammatory outcomes to mTBI over time that cause its deleterious effects. For example, mBBI significantly increased brain levels of interleukin (IL)−1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) protein. There were significant inflammatory responses in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala 6 hr after mBBI, as evidenced by increased levels of the inflammatory markers associated with activation of microglia and macrophages, ionized calcium binding adaptor 1 (IBA1), impairment of the blood–brain barrier, and significant neuronal losses. There were significant increases in phosphorylated Tau (p‐Tau) levels, a putative precursor to the development of neuroencephalopathy, as early as 6 hr after mBBI in the cortex and the hippocampus but not in the thalamus or the amygdala. There was an apparent correlation between RRRTs and p‐Tau protein levels but not IBA1. These results suggest potential therapies for mild blast injuries via blockade of the IL‐1β and TNFα receptors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remembering in jazz: collective memory and collective improvisation

Speaking ofjazz performances, the late composer Alec Wilder is reported to have once said " I wish to God that some neurologists would sit down and figure out how the improviser's brain works, how he selects, out of hundreds of thousands of possibilities, the notes he does at the speed he does how in God's name his mind works so damned fast! And why when the notes come out right, they are right (Wilder as quoted in Suchor 1986: 134)" There are undoubtedly many people who, after listening to an improvised solo, have wondered either the same question or something akin to it. Recently, Paul Berliner published the results of his fifteen-year ethnomusicological study of jazz improvisation, entitled Thinking in Jazz: The Infinite Art ofImprovisation (1994). Thinking in Jazz is a wonderful comprehensive "tome" detailing many aspects of the ever elusive art of improvisation. Berliner would probably not wish to consider himself a neurologist, yet despite this he may have found the solution or at the very least, a good-sized portion of the solution to Wilder's question. Quite simply stated, the solution is that behind each improvisational performance is an entire lifetime of experience which the performer utilizes to make "the notes come out right. " Berliner's study essentially lays to rest the popular but misleading notion that improvisation is a completely spontaneous art form (i.e. something not given much thought). The purpose of this paper, as its title may reflect, is to expand on Berliner's work by drawing upon the concepts of memory and performance as utilized in recent anthropological research and applying these concepts to Berliner's heavily documentary research on the learning process in jazz as well as the metaphor of "storytelling" (see Berlin 1994:201-220) used by jazz musicians to describe improvisation. In order to accomplish this, I will first give a brief synopsis of common musical form in Jazz. This will then be followed by a discussion of some conceptions ofjazz as proposed by various ethnomusicologists and anthropologists. Secondly, I wish to summarize Berliner's findings regarding the learning process in jazz. This summary will then lead into a discussion of some possible roles of memory in jazz improvisation via cross-cultural comparison. Finally, as this type of comparison becomes problematic if taken to the point of rigid adherence to certain shared characteristics, the insights gleaned from these comparisons will be applied and modified to jazz. Hopefully this exercise will shed light on aspects of collective memory and collective improvisation within the jazz medium. As a final note before beginning a discussion of musical forms commonly used in jazz improvisations, I should state that this paper will take into account only bebop and its related genres with common, recurring chord progressions (e.g. 12 bar-bar blues, 32-bar AABA and ABAC forms, etc.) And not "free" or "out" jazz as documented by researchers Lambda Alpha Journal 28: 7-18
Inverse correlation between insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin levels in preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is the major cause of maternofetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has a crucial role in correct embryonic and placental development and growth. Conflicting data are available regarding IGF-1 in preeclamptic mothers. The extent to which leptin per se mediates the fetal growth and developmental abnormalities associated with preeclampsia remains to be clarified. Aim: Hence, the present study was planned to assess IGF-1 and leptin levels in maternal and cord blood of preeclamptics and to compare them with normotensive pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak. Totally, 25 normotensive pregnant and 25 preeclamptic women were enrolled, and serum leptin and IGF-1 levels were analyzed in maternal and cord blood of women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: IGF-I levels were lowered in maternal blood of preeclamptic as compared to normotensive mothers (P < 0.001). Leptin levels were significantly increased in preeclamptic mothers as compared to normotensive mothers (P < 0.001). Leptin had a positive correlation with IGF in both groups and it is highly statistically significant in preeclamptic mothers. Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggest that IGF-1 and leptin play a central role in controlling fetal growth.
Procyclicality of the Comovement between Dividend Growth and Consumption Growth

To resolve the "procyclicality puzzle" — stock returns and consumption growth covary procyclically (Duffee (2005)) — this article posits and empirically demonstrates that dividend growth and consumption growth comove procyclically. I analyze a variant of the Campbell and Cochrane model accounting for this procyclical comovement, providing both numerical and an intuitive approximate analytical solution. The procyclical comovement yields a more volatile price-dividend ratio albeit at the cost of a lower equity premium due to the new procyclical component in the amount of risk. Both model-simulated and empirical datasets indicate that the procyclical comovement forecasts excess equity returns.
Low temperature MBE-grown In(Ga,Al)As/InP structures for 1.55 μm THz photoconductive antenna applications

Low temperature MBE-grown In(Ga,Al)As materials on InP incorporating Be-doping feature extremely short optical response times down to the sub-ps range which is adequate for THz generation and detection in photoconductive antennas. However, very low resistivity of low temperature InGaAs is the main obstruction for the implementation in real THz antennas in the 1.55 mum wavelength range. The high conductive behaviour is due to the incorporation of growth induced defect states close to the conduction band acting as donors. Resistivity was increased in a twofold manner: firstly, by compensation with carefully balanced Be incorporation, and secondly by using additionally a novel layer sequence exploiting trapping centres in cladding layers. Specially designed periodic InGaAs/InAlAs multi-layer structures were grown, where the deep electron traps in the InAlAs material increase the resistivity of the multi-layer structure beyond 106 Omega/sq. The combination of high resistivity behaviour and simultaneously sub-ps response time allows the fabrication of photoconductive THz antennas for the 1.55 mum range based on low temperature InGaAs/InAlAs multi-layer structures. These elements, similar to low temperature GaAs in the 850 nm range, represent a key element for compact THz systems making use of mature telecom components.
Effects of PM2.5 Collected from Cache Valley Utah on Genes Associated with the Inflammatory Response in Human Lung Cells

In January 2004, the normally picturesque Cache Valley in northern Utah made national headlines with the highest PM2.5 levels in the nation. Epidemiological studies linked exposure to particulate air pollution in other locations with stroke and Alzheimer's disease and to early mortality from all causes, cancer, and cardiopulmonary diseases. To determine potential effects of these particles on human health, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were cultured with PM2.5 collected from various locations in the Cache Valley. These particles were slightly cytotoxic, but more potent than NH4NO3, the major chemical component of Cache Valley PM2.5. Gene expression analysis of PM2.5-exposed cells was performed using microarray and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR.) Among other genes, PM2.5 exposure induced genes and proteins involved in the inflammatory response. Most notably, PM2.5-exposed cells showed significant gene level upregulation of activating receptors to interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1R1 and IL-6R), as well as concomitant increases in protein. Increases in IL-1 receptor associated kinase-1 (IRAK) protein were observed. PM2.5 exposure resulted in release of IL-6, as well phosphorylated STAT3 protein, providing evidence that PM activates the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling pathway in BEAS-2B cells. IL-20 and major histocompatibility complex peptide class-1 (MICA) were upregulated and cleavage of caspase-12 was detected. In total, our results indicate that Cache Valley PM2.5 produces the upregulation of important cytokine receptors and is able to activate both IL-1R- and IL-6R-mediated signaling pathways in human lung cells. These observations are generally consistent with the adverse effects associated with inhalation of fine particulate matter like PM2.5.
Kinetics of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of thymus‐deprived mice and antigen‐deprived mice

The kinetics of lymphoid cells within the epithelium of the small gut has been studied in various thymus‐deprived mice and in antigen‐deprived mice by the use of 3H‐thymidine injections and radioautography. In thymusdeprived mice —including adult thymectomized, thymectomized and irradiated, neonatally thymectomized, and nude mice —and in germ‐free mice decreased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IL) were found. On the other hand, the radioautographic results indicated that the remaining IL populations included both newly formed and long‐lived lymphoid cells in the same percentages as found in sham‐operated controls and normal mice. It is concluded that although the presence of the thymus and the antigen content of the gut is of importance to the maintenance of the numbers of cells in the lymphoid populations of the intestinal wall, the basic kinetics of these cell populations are preserved in deprived mice.
Anatomical factors in the stability of the hip joint in the newborn.

The findings in a child with bilateral congenital dislocation of the hips who died shortly after birth are described. The only significant abnormality present was redundancy of the capsular ligaments and elongation of the ligament of the femoral head. The relationship between the orientation of the femoral neck and of the acetabulum was within normal limits. The significance of these findings in relation to etiology and management are discussed.
Survival of Teeth Restored with Atraumatic Restorative Treatment in aPediatric Rural Population

Objectives: To determine the overall 5-year survival rate of teeth treated by atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) delivered by general practitioners in a rural population in Washington State, USA. Methods: Inclusion/exclusion criteria included children (≤ 12 years and younger) who received ART on asymptomatic carious primary teeth without history of previous restoration (N=178). For this longitudinal study, data collection included demographics, health status, initial date of ART placement, date of ART re-placement, and baseline dmft/DMFT. Variables collected at follow ups included appointment dates, dmft/DMFT, final restorative treatment, pulp therapy, and extraction. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables while Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to summarize overall treatment success. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) from Cox Proportional Hazard Regression with robust standard error were used to compare survival rates for variables of interest (P<0.05). Results: The overall 5-year survival rate of primary teeth receiving ART restorations was 69.5%. While age, gender, baseline dmft/DMFT, tooth type, and number of ART surfaces were not associated with tooth survival time, child’s health status had a significant association (p=0.02). Conclusion: Among this pediatric rural population, a significant tooth survival rate was observed following treatment with ART. Replenishing ART was successful in extending survival tooth until their natural exfoliation or placement of a definitive restoration.
Modelagem espaço-temporal da erosão e potencial contaminação de Arsênio e Chumbo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ribeira de Iguape (SP)

The simulation of a natural environment through computational techniques is a promising research theme that can append advantages for planning and decisions on environmental issues. Hydric erosion is triggered by the impact of rain drops on the soil surface. If rain-induced erosion is high, soil undergoes through hydraulic shearing and the yielded sediments are consequently transported. In the search for a better understanding of space-time dimensions of such natural phenomena, this work aimed to characterize the potential erosion of a selected area located in the Ribeira de Iguape River Hydrographic Basin. This was achieved using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) through Geotechnologies and computational routines. The period considered in the analysis spans between 1990 and 1999, within which areas with spatial coincidence of high erosive potential and high Pb and As content in soil (associated to a pre-existing, natural As anomaly) were compared. This multitemporal application showed the evolutionary trend of the erosive processes in the region, effectively those associated to the As and Pb anomalies. Areas with soil losses above 200 t/ha.year were identified, which ought to be considered in the process of land degradation and source of toxic elements under dispersion in the environment.
Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of AnNitA, the Aspergillus nidulans High-Affinity Nitrite Transporter

ABSTRACT High-affinity nitrite influx into mycelia of Aspergillus nidulans has been characterized by use of 13NO2−, giving average Km and Vmax values of 48 ± 8 μM and 228 ± 49 nmol mg−1 dry weight (DW) h−1, respectively. Kinetic analysis of a plot that included an additional large number of low-concentration fluxes gave an excellent monophasic fit (r2 = 0.96), with no indication of sigmoidal kinetics. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of AnNitA are presented, and the possible roles of conserved asparagine residues N122 (transmembrane domain 3 ]Tm 3]), N173 (Tm 4), N214 (Tm 5), and N246 (Tm 6) are discussed.
Impact of IT Infrastructure on Customer Service Performance: The Role of Micro-IT Capabilities and Online Customer Engagement

This research argues that information technology (IT) capabilities can be classified in macroand micro-IT capabilities. We propose a conceptual model in which IT infrastructure capability (a macroIT capability) enables the development of social media and e-business technology capabilities (two micro-IT capabilities) to online engage customers and improve the firm’s customer service performance. We test the proposed model by using the variance-based structural equation modelling technique and the method of estimation of partial least squares employing an innovative secondary dataset on a sample of 100 small firms included in the 2013 Forbes America’s Best Small Companies ranking. The empirical analysis suggests that IT infrastructure capability positively affects customer service performance through two micro-IT capabilities (social media and e-business technology) and social and conventional online customer engagement.
The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins on the progression of aortic sclerosis and mortality.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Although aortic sclerosis has been associated with an increase in adverse cardiovascular outcomes, no proven therapy has been shown to slow its progression to overt aortic stenosis (AS). Thus, the hypothesis was assessed that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or statins may be associated with an improvement in the clinical outcome of these patients. METHODS A total of 4,105 patients with evidence of aortic sclerosis seen on transthoracic echocardiography (defined as thickening or calcification with a mean valve gradient < or = 15 mmHg) was identified. Patients with a sclerotic valve who were treated with ACE-Is/ARBs or statins were followed for a mean period of 1,078 +/- 615 days. After adjustment for the propensity to receive ACE-Is/ARBs or statins, mortality, hemodynamic progression to AS, hospitalization for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and congestive heart failure (CHF) were assessed and related to the medical treatment. RESULTS At baseline, patients with aortic sclerosis who were treated with an ACE-I/ARB or a statin suffered significantly more from comorbidities such as IHD, CHF, hypertension, diabetes, and peripheral arterial disease, when compared to subjects with sclerotic valves not treated with these drugs. After adjustment for confounding factors, treatment with statins was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.98, p = 0.001), admission for IHD (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99, p = 0.03), admission for CHF (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55-0.85, p = 0.01) and progression to AS (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.97, p = 0.03). While ACE-I treatment resulted in a significant reduction in admission for IHD (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98, p = 0.03) and CHF (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.94, p = 0.01), the beneficial trend towards reduced mortality and delayed progression to AS was not significant. CONCLUSION Treatment of this patient population with statins led to a significant reduction in mortality and also slowed the progression to AS--an effect that was not statistically significant with ACE-I treatment.
Role of shear stress in aortic eNOS up-regulation in rats with biliary cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS In rats with portal vein stenosis, the initial cause of aortic nitric oxide (NO) overproduction might be overactivation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) related to increased shear stress. Cardiac output is higher in cirrhosis than in extrahepatic portal hypertension. The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of shear stress, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines in aortic eNOS up-regulation in rats with biliary cirrhosis and to compare these results with those in rats with portal vein stenosis. METHODS NOS activities, NOS protein, heat shock protein (Hsp) 90, and VEGF expressions were studied in rat aortas. Propranolol was administered to rats with cirrhosis to reduce cardiac output and thus shear stress. RESULTS In cirrhotic rats, the aortic eNOS protein was 3.0 and 1.7 times higher than in control and portal vein-stenosed rats, respectively. In cirrhotic rats, the Hsp90 content was 3.2 and 2.2 times higher than in control and portal vein-stenosed rats, respectively. Propranolol decreased NOS activity by 47% and eNOS and Hsp90 expression by 75% and 72%, respectively. Aortic VEGF expression was decreased in cirrhotic rats. VEGF-induced stimulation of NOS activity was greater in aortas from control rats than in aortas from portal vein-stenosed or cirrhotic rat aortas. eNOS expression was up-regulated after VEGF incubation. After lipopolysaccharide administration, eNOS expression did not change in portal vein-stenosed or cirrhotic rats. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in aortas from rats with biliary cirrhosis, systemic vasodilation depends mainly on eNOS up-regulation related to shear stress.
Evidence of Neighborhood Effects from Moving to Opportunity: LATEs of Neighborhood Quality

Abstract This paper estimates neighborhood effects on adult labor market outcomes using the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing mobility experiment. We propose and implement a new strategy for identifying transition-specific effects that exploits identification of the unobserved component of a neighborhood choice model. Estimated local average treatment effects (LATEs) are large, result from moves between the first and second deciles of the national distribution of neighborhood quality, and pertain to a subpopulation of nine percent of program participants.
La Transferencia de Políticas como fuente de Innovación Gubernamental: Promesas y Riesgos

El trabajo analiza las complejidades de los procesos de transferencia depolíticas como fuente de innovación en la gestión publica. Se argumenta que si bien los gobiernos pueden recurrir a los ejemplos internacionales para innovar (y por lo tanto mejorar) sus procesos de política y gestión pública, la innovación basada en la transferencia de experiencias de otros países se encuentra atada a una serie de restricciones cognitivas, organizacionales y político-administrativas que más vale tener en cuenta.