Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Corporate Governance Affects Firm Value: Evidence on Channels from Korea

Prior work in emerging markets provides evidence of an association between corporate governance and firm market value (based on the trading prices of minority shares), more limited evidence of a causal relationship, but very little evidence on the channels through which governance may affect firm behavior and therefore market value, and whether governance affects only the value of minority shares or also affects overall firm value. We first confirm the association between governance and the market value of Korean public companies in a firm fixed effects framework, using panel data 1998-2004. Firms with higher scores on an overall Korean corporate governance index (KCGI) have higher Tobin's q; this result is driven by the board structure subindex of KCGI and, less strongly, by ownership parity and disclosure subindices. Shareholder rights and board procedure subindices are not significant. We then provide evidence supporting two broad channels: Reduced insider self-dealing, and hence wealth transfer from controllers to outside shareholders; and improved firm performance, and hence higher overall firm value. For self-dealing, we find that for better-governed firms, related party transactions are less adverse to firm value and firm profitability is more sensitive to shocks to industry profitability. For overall firm value; we find that for better-governed firms (i) capital expenditures and sales growth are lower, but investment is more sensitive to profitability; (ii) profitability is more sensitive to growth opportunities; (iii) dividends are higher, controlling for profits, and are more sensitive to profits. In addition, lagged board structure is associated with higher firm profitability. Board structure subindex is associated with all results except those for dividends. A 2SLS analysis (using 1999 legal rules which apply only to large firms to instrument for board structure) offers evidence that the link between board structure and these channels is likely to be causal.
Effects of nutrient loading in Lutz spruce seedlings (Picea x lutzii Littl.) during nursery rotation and on subsequent growth in field

Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii Littl.) seedlings were nutrient loaded using four fertilization regimes, receiving in total 0, 7.8, 22.2 and 31.4 g N/m2 over a period of eight weeks (6th august – 27th September) to investigate the effects on biomass allocation, frost hardiness, root growth capacity and nutrient status after the nursery rotation. The total biomass of loaded seedlings was similar to unloaded seedlings after the nursery culture, but the increase in N from the nutrient loading was 29%, 41% and 48% for loaded treatments 7.8 – 31.4 mg N, respectively. A delay in accumulation of frost hardiness during the autumn was not detected, and the root growth capacity was not affected by the nutrient loading when measured the following spring. To investigate if the internal N status of the seedlings affected growth, survival and N content after one growing season in field, the seedlings were planted at two field trials (sites A and B), with or without field fertilizer. The shoots of loaded treatments without fertilizer application in the field had on average 31% and 52% more dry mass than unloaded treatments without fertilizer at sites A and B, respectively, after one growing season in field. Field fertilization also increased total shoot mass on average by 35% and 52% at sites A and B, respectively. The loading treatments without field fertilization increased N content in current needles by 104% and 109% for sites A and B, respectively. Field fertilization also increased N content on average in loaded treatments by 33% and 33% at site A and B, respectively. Nitrogen retranslocation from old to new needles was detected. The results illustrate the significance of retranslocation of stored nutrients to support new growth early in the season when root growth and nutrient uptake are still low. Survival was not affected by the nutrient loading after the first growing season, but fertilizing significantly decreased the damage caused by Otiorhynchus larvae in heath land. It was concluded that loading might provide an additional input for faster plantation establishment during the first crucial growing season after planting.
Design of brushless DC position servo systems using integral variable structure approach

This paper considers brushless DC position control systems with unknown external load disturbance and plant parameter variations. Since the dynamic characteristics of such systems are very complex and highly nonlinear, a conven- tional linear controller design may not assure satisfactory requirements. To improve the dynamic response of such systems, an integral- compensated variable structure control (IVSC) has been proposed. The approach comprises an integral controller for achieving a zero steady- state error response under step input, and a vari- able structure controller for enhancing the robustness. Simulation results show that the pro- posed approach gives a rather accurate servo- tracking result and is fairly robust to plant parameter variations and external load dis- turbance.
School Quality and Parental Schooling Decisions for Their
 Children: Public and Private Schools in Rural Pakistan

This study uses the Pakistan Rural Household Survey 2004-5 (PRHS), a rich set of households and school data, to examine parents’ schooling decision in rural Pakistan. Nested logit regressions are used to quantify the determinants of child school attendance. The analysis confirms that the greater the number of schools (public or private) in the local communities the higher is the attendance. Lower school attendance of boys seems to be the outcome of lower school quality more than it is for girls. A marginal increase in school quality correlates with increased school attendance in government schools more than in private schools. Nearly all school quality variables including control for number of schools in a community stand insignificant for girls. This shows that other factors might be of more importance than school quality of local schools for girl’s low attendance in rural Pakistan. Besides, parental education, especially mother’s education, and household income have strong positive impact on child school attendance. The greater the number of children in the household the lower is the child school attendance. Credit constraint seems not to be problematic as the estimated effect is statistically insignificant. The size of landholding seems to be important only in the case of girls schooling. JEL Classification: I21, I25, D13, C25 Keywords: Demand for Schooling, Public Education, Private Education, Pakistan
COMPARISON OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TO MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE ON VENTILATORY MARKERS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

Objectives: This study aim was to compare the impacts of the high-intensity interval (HII) to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MIC) on ventilatory markers in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Design: Twenty-eight patients with mild to moderate CHD aged 50-60 years were selected for this study. They randomized to two groups, each group comprised of 14 patients, group I received a program of high-intensity interval exercise (HII 3 times/week for 12 weeks) and group II received a program of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MIC 3 times/week for 12 weeks). The ventilatory marker changes (O2P, slope of VE/VCO2 and OUES) have been measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Result: After 12 weeks of enrollment, HII group showed statistically significant improvement in O2P but no significant changes in MIC group (21% with p 0.05). No significant differences appeared in VE/VCO2 and OUES (pre- and post-program) in the two groups p>0.05. Conclusions: It was concluded that HII had greater improvements than MIC on ventilatory markers in patients with CHD in a short-term (up to twelve weeks).
Microethnographic Perspective on Professional Development English Teachers ' Cultural Models About Technology : A

Prompted by calls for research on technology-focused professional development, this ethnographic case study investigates how teachers’ participation in learning communities may influence technology integration within the secondary English curriculum. In this article, I draw on educational psychology, cognitive anthropology, and sociolinguistics to build a theory of teacher learning. I then take a microethnographic approach to discourse analysis to show how teachers’ use of language and contextualization cues within a learning community reflects their cultural models, or everyday beliefs, about technology. This study addresses two gaps in the literature. First, it explores the role of situated language in constructing English teachers’ cultural models related to technology. Second, it examines micro-level interactions within a professional learning community to understand how teacher learning occurs in social and cultural contexts. The analysis suggests that the implementation of educational reforms, including reforms associated with technology integration and literacy education, is often dependent upon teachers’ skills, values, and cultural models.
ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS RESULTING FROM SUGARCANE CROPPING IN THE HUMID TROPICAL CLIMATE OF MAURITIUS : RESULTS FROM 13 C NATURAL ABUNDANCE By

G. UMRIT, K.F. NG KEE KWONG, L.R. NG CHEONG, M.A. BHOLAH and R. MERCKX Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Reduit, Mauritius. Catholic University of Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium gumrit@msiri.intnet. mu
Quantum Effect on Elementary Process of Diffusion and Collective Motion of Brown Particles

The correlation between the Schrodinger equation and the diffusion equation revealed that the relation of material wave is not a hypothesis but an actual one valid in a material regardless of the photon energy. Using the relations of material wave and uncertain principle, the quantum effect on elementary process of diffusion is discussed. As a result, the diffusivity is obtained as a universal expression applicable to any problem of diffusion phenomena. The Gauss theorem in theory and the Kirkendall effect in experimentation reveal the necessity of the coordinate transformation for a diffusion equation. The mathematical method for solving an interdiffusion problem of many elements system is established. The phase shift of the obtained analytical solution indicates the correlation between the solutions of each diffusion equation expressed by a fixed coordinate system and by a moving coordinate system. Based on the coordinate transformation theory, some unsolved problems of diffusion theory are reasonably solved and also some new important findings are discussed in relation to matters in the existing diffusion theory.
Effects of coastal development on nearshore estuarine nekton communities

Coastal development affects estuarine resources by severing terrestrial-aquatic link- ages, reducing shallow water habitats, and degrading ecosystem services, which is predicted to result in measurable declines in nekton community integrity. We assessed the effects of landscape features on nearshore habitats and biological communities, relating subtidal habitat, shoreline condition, upland land use and nearshore fish communities in a Chesapeake Bay tributary, the James River, Virginia. Both upland development and the placement of erosion control structures on the shoreline were associated with reduced fish community integrity, and shoreline alterations were linked with the amount of subtidal structural habitat in the nearshore. Ecological thresholds in nek- ton community integrity were evident at ≥23% developed land use within 200 and 1000 m buffer increments. Nekton assemblages at sites with low development (<23%) and natural or riprap shorelines were different from all other combinations of altered conditions (low development with bulkhead, and high development with riprap or bulkhead). Species composition along natural or riprap revetment shorelines with low upland development tended to be diverse and inclusive of tidal marsh species, while highly developed sites or bulkhead shorelines were dominated by a few gener- alist species. The complex interaction between watershed (both nearshore and inland) and shoreline development presents a unique challenge for coastal planning. Alternate moderating approaches for coastal development may include preservation of riparian buffers, the placement of living shorelines for erosion control where appropriate, and development of targeting tools to identify landscapes near an ecological threshold.
Modelling the trajectory of the corpses of mountaineers who disappeared in 1926 on Aletschgletscher, Switzerland

Abstract In this paper we reconstruct the space–time trajectory beneath the surface of Aletschgletscher, Switzerland, of the corpses of three mountaineers that disappeared in March 1926 and reappeared at the glacier surface in June 2012. Our method integrates the time-dependent velocity field of an existing full-Stokes glacier model, starting at the point where the corpses were found at the glacier surface. Our main result is that we were able to localize the immersion location where the brothers presumably died. As a second result, the upstream end point of the computed trajectory emerges very close to the glacier surface in 1926, giving a new and global validation of the glacier model in space and time. Testing the sensitivity of the immersion location obtained with respect to the model and other uncertainties indicates an area of 0.6% of the entire glacier area where the accident could have occurred. Our result suggests that death was not caused by an avalanche or a fall into a crevasse; instead, it is likely that the mountaineers became disoriented in prolonged severe weather conditions and froze to death.
The design and evaluation of DACADE visual tool: Theoretical implications

A goal of every designer is to create successful products for consumers. In creating a successful product, it is crucial for a designer to understand consumers’ perceptions of a product early in the design process. Nevertheless, design students lack the necessary data collection and user testing skills to support effective design decision-making. Consequently, their products might not be acceptable to the intended consumers and are thus likely to fail in the marketplace. For design students to acquire those skills, design curricula should incorporate statistical courses teaching the concepts of data and user testing. We addressed this challenge by developing an automated visual tool named DACADE, assisting design students to systematically collect and analyze data. This paper reports the theoretical implications discovered during the process from designing through to implementing and evaluating DACADE concerning the transfer of learning, the appropriateness of graphics used in a software tool, and user motivation in a learning environment.
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR LEAN MANUFACTURING – A LITERATURE REVIEW

The paper discusses possible applications of wireless technologies in support of lean manufacturing tools. The typology of lean tools is provided. It distinguishes three main categories, which are identification and analysis of waste, improvement implementation, and process monitoring. The set of lean tools was analyzed in terms of information requirements. On the other hand, the typology of wireless technologies was discussed including RFID and Wi-Fi. The literature review of wireless technology applications for support of lean tools was conducted. The literature was systematically reviewed from the point of view of specific technologies and specific tools which were the subjects of the analyzed publication. Both typologies were synthesized to establish a framework for wireless technologies applications in the context of lean manufacturing implementation. It also could serve as a guideline for lean practitioners and implies future research directions.
A study of epidemiological co-relates of low birth weight babies born in tertiary care hospital

Background: To study the Epidemiological Factors related with the low Birth weight Babies born in tertiary care Hospital of teaching Medical Institution. Methods: The present study was a cross sectional observational study carried out in the Post Natal ward of Obstetric department of a tertiary care hospital of a metropolitan city, data collection was done from the Mothers of low birth weight babies by conducting face to face interview in the post-natal ward with a predesigned, structured Performa. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science program. Results: The study showed that most of mothers of the babies were between the age group of 22 to 30 years 87 (58.3%) while 49 (32.8%) were below the age of 21 years and 13(8.7%) were above 30 years of age. Most of the study subjects 70 (47.0%) belongs to the lower socioeconomic status where as 62 (41.6%) and 17 (11.4%) belong to upper lower and middle socioeconomic class respectively. It was observed in the present study that maternal education, socioeconomic status, parity, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, height of the mother, tobacco habits either chewing or smoking, birth order of the baby are the factors, significantly associated with low birth weight of the baby. Conclusions: Socioeconomic development, maternal nutrition, and increasing the use of health services during pregnancy, are all important for reducing LBW. There is need to strengthen the existing maternal services at the basic level of community.
Q_K-Type Spaces of Quaternion-Valued Functions

In this paper we develop the necessary tools to generalize the Q_K-type function classes to the case of the monogenic functions defined in the unit ball of R^3, some important basic properties of these functions are also considered. Further, we show some relations between Q_K(p,q) and α-Bloch spaces of quaternion-valued functions.
An Analysis of Statistical Reasoning Process of High School Students in Solving the Statistical Problem

Reasoning and problem-solving are interrelated competencies and are two important competencies in school math learning including statistics. Both competencies are targets in the school’s mathematics curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate the statistical reasoning of high school students in solving statistical problems i.e. the size of data center and standard deviation. The subjects of this study are students with high and low mathematical abilities obtained from mathematics ability test results given to 450 students of class XI from three different schools in Makassar, Indonesia. This research is a descriptive research with the qualitative approach. The results showed that in solving the standard deviation problem students with high and low mathematical ability to know the algorithm well and procedural can finish the calculation well but do not know the concept of deviation standard so cannot interpret the results obtained. It is also found that students with high and low mathematical ability to solve problems well procedural on the material of data centering, but cannot interpret the context in context, especially on median materials. In short, the two students had poor conceptions and poor reasoning in descriptive statistics especially in determining median and standard deviations. Other findings of students with high mathematical ability may represent in the form of graphs, diagrams, histograms and bar charts, whereas students with low mathematical abilities can only represent data in the form of bar charts, graphs, and pie charts.
Modelling the Temporal Effect of Terrorism on Tourism in Kenya

Terrorist attacks have escalated over the recent years in Kenya, with adverse effects on the tourism industry. This study aims to establish if a long-run equilibrium exists between terrorism and tourism in Kenya between the years 1994 and 2014. To reinforce the robustness of the results, both Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) techniques are used to investigate the problem. A Granger causality test is also carried out to ascertain the direction of the relationship if one exists. The evidence from ARDL and the VECM testing procedure suggest that there is no long-run equilibrium between terrorism and tourism in Kenya. Terrorism does not Granger cause tourism and vice versa. However, short-run effect indicates that terrorism negatively and significantly affects tourism.
Workplace incivility and target's characteristics: insights from a cross- national study

Previous research has found that there are certain personality characteristics that predict whether one is likely to become a target of workplace mistreatment, and that these characteristics provoke such behavior (Milam, Spitzmuller, & Penney, 2009). The present paper aims to replicate and expand Milam et al.’s paper by looking at workplace incivility in two parts of the world, the United States and Romania, and two types of sources (self and coworker) to see if this phenomenon is uniquely American, or if it is present in another, very different culture. Our findings indicate that in both countries, low levels of agreeableness and high levels of neuroticism are associated with individuals’ reports of receiving higher levels of workplace incivility than their counterparts, and that from the coworkers’ perspectives, this incivility is provoked by the targets of the mistreatment.
A Study on the Effectiveness of In-Game Advertisements

In recent years, commercial organizations have shown an increasing interest in advertising their products in video games. While there is some research in this area, the complexities of product placement research, with in-game advertisement research in particular, suggest that more research is needed in this area. The aim of this paper is to add to the literature on the effectiveness of in-game advertisements through recognition and recall tests. By using the same survey instrument for three different games from the same genre, this research allows for comparison across games and findings can be generalized to games in the same genre. The sampling strategy adopted allows for the findings to be compared between genders and addresses one of the common criticisms of earlier studies. In addition, this research also examines whether gamer experience and perceptions of game can influence recall and recognition rates of in-game advertisements. The findings concur with earlier studies that recall rates of in-game advertisements are low, and that gender and gamer experience had no effect on recall rates. The research also suggests that the relationship between perceptions of game in affecting recall rates is complicated and require further research.