Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourist Satisfaction, Perceived Service Value, and Repurchase Intentions: The Case of Hong Kong's Airline, Hotel, and Restaurant Services

This study first explains why tourist satisfaction and perceived service value are important to a destination by empirically measuring the impact of these two factors on visitors' repurchase intentions. It then illustrates how tourist satisfaction in a given situation can be measured, diagnosed, and thereby managed. Samples of airline, hotel, and restaurant services in Hong Kong were used to realize two research objectives. The first was to empirically test, through logistic regression analyses, research hypotheses on the impact of tourists' overall satisfaction and perceived service value on their repurchase intentions. The results indicate that both tourists' overall satisfaction and their perceived service value significantly predict their repurchase intentions across the hotel and restaurant service samples, and that perceived service value, but not overall satisfaction, significantly predicts their repurchase intentions in the airline sample. The second objective was to assess the attribute satisfaction of tourists across the three samples, which was achieved by using importance and performance analysis (IPA). The overall IPA results, which take all seven tourist source markets in Hong Kong as a whole, indicate that Hong Kong's airline, hotel, and restaurant services do an excellent, very good, and good job, respectively, in satisfying their corresponding visitors. However, some weak points in Hong Kong's tourist services were identified. When each of Hong Kong's seven source tourist markets was taken individually, it was found that whereas some service attributes were captured in the same IPA quadrant across several different source markets, other attributes were captured in different IPA quadrants. A brief discussion is provided of the study findings and their implications from the perspectives of tourism management and marketing. 贯穿全文我们将探讨两个问题。 首先，通过游客满意感和物有所值感对其重购意向的影响，探讨游客满意感和物有所值感对旅游目的地的重要性。 其次，通过案例分析游客的具体满意感(即测量和诊断游客的具体满意感)，探讨目的地改善游客满意感的可能性和可行性。 具体来讲，本文以香港航空、酒店业和餐饮业游客为研究样本，旨在实现以下两个研究目标。 一是以航空、酒店和餐饮服务为例，实证检验游客对目的地行业服务的总体满意感和”物有所值„感，与其重购意向之间的因果关系。 LOGISTIC回归分析结果表明，上述因果关系分别在餐饮业和饭店业总体样本中，充分得到了支持性的验证。 然而，在航空业总体样本中，仅得到了部分支持性的验证:：即仅有航空游客对服务经历的物有所值感与其重购意向之间存在显著性的关联。 二是采用”IPA„(重要性及其表现)分析法，测评游客对香港上述每一个旅游行业的具体满意感。 IPA分析具体体现在两个层面:：总体IPA和客源市场IPA。 就游客对香港的旅游服务的具体感知和评价而言，在总体IPA中我们视所有客源市场为统一的整体;；而在客源市场IPA中，我们则视香港七大客源市场为各个不同的单体进行分析。 结果表明，总体上讲，香港航空业、饭店业和餐饮业，就其游客的具体满意感而言，评估结果分别为卓越、非常好和良好。 与此同时，通过IPA分析，我们还发现了香港旅游服务体系中一些亟待改进的不足之处。 具体来讲，七大旅游客源国对香港航空，酒店和餐饮服务的具体满意感既有相似之处，但更有不同的地方。 最后，本文对以上诸多研究发现及其启示也进行了简要的探讨。
Understanding gender roles in teen pregnancy prevention among American Indian youth.

OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of gender norms on American Indian (AI) adolescents' sexual health behavior. METHODS The project collected qualitative data at a reservation site and an urban site through 24 focus groups and 20 key informant interviews. RESULTS The reasons that AI youth choose to abstain or engage in sexual intercourse and utilize contraception vary based on gender ideologies defined by the adolescent's environment. These include social expectations from family and peers, defined roles within relationships, and gender empowerment gaps. CONCLUSIONS Gender ideology plays a large role in decisions about contraception and sexual activity for AI adolescents, and it is vital to include redefinitions of gender norms within AI teen pregnancy prevention program.
Botulinum toxin: new treatment for temporomandibular disorders.

BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the face and jaws, and cause chronic pain and dysfunction in many people. As in other conditions involving the musculoskeletal system, controlling the myogenous component is an integral part of treatment. In this study, we evaluated subjective and objective responses to treatment with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in a group of 46 patients with TMDs. METHODS 46 subjects with TMD were enrolled in this uncontrolled study and treated with BTX-A 150U. Both masseter muscles were injected with 50 U each and both temporalis muscles with 25 U each under electromyographic guidance. Subjects were assessed at two-week intervals for eight weeks. Outcome measures included subjective assessment of pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), measurement of mean maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), interincisal oral opening, tenderness to palpation, and a functional index based on multiple VAS. Medians of the data were taken for each outcome measure at each time point and subjected to Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS There were significant (P<0.05) differences in all median outcome measures between the pre-treatment assessment and the four follow-up assessments except for MVC. Although MVC was significantly reduced midway through the study, it had returned to pretreatment values by the final two assessments. All other outcome measures remained significantly different from the pretreatment findings. Paired correlation of variables including age, sex, diagnosis, depression index, and time of onset showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS BTX-A injections produced significant improvements in pain, function, mouth opening, and tenderness to palpation. MVC initially diminished then returned to the initial values. Although the study was uncontrolled, the results strongly suggest that BTX-A reduces severity of symptoms and improves functional abilities for patients with TMD and that these extend beyond its muscle-relaxing effects.
FLEXIBLE FUNCTIONAL FORMS AND REGULARITY : ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRUCK AND RAIL TRANSPORTATION

This paper illustrates the extent to which alternative specifications of the cost function for a three-input transportation model are capable of satisfying regularity conditions required by economic theory. For the data set at hand, the CES-translog dominates the translog and Barnett translog specifications. However, application of the transformation suggested by William A. Barnett (1983) dramatically improves both translog models' performances. The Barnett translog exhibits the best ability to satisfy the regularity conditions. The estimated substitution and demand elasticities indicate vigorous intermodal competition in the transportation of fresh fruits and vegetables and lend support to continued deregulation of the transportation industry. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.
Construction of Equivalent Circuit of a Single and Isolated Transformer Winding From FRA Data Using the ABC Algorithm

This paper reports the results of employing an artificial bee colony search algorithm for synthesizing a mutually coupled lumped-parameter ladder-network representation of a transformer winding, starting from its measured magnitude frequency response. The existing bee colony algorithm is suitably adopted by appropriately defining constraints, inequalities, and bounds to restrict the search space and thereby ensure synthesis of a nearly unique ladder network corresponding to each frequency response. Ensuring near-uniqueness while constructing the reference circuit (i.e., representation of healthy winding) is the objective. Furthermore, the synthesized circuits must exhibit physical realizability. The proposed method is easy to implement, time efficient, and problems associated with the supply of initial guess in existing methods are circumvented. Experimental results are reported on two types of actual, single, and isolated transformer windings (continuous disc and interleaved disc).
Regulation of Periplasmic Carbonic Anhydrase Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Acetate and pH

The effects of mixotrophic growth with acetate and growth medium pH on expression of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were evaluated. Addition of 10 mM acetate to the culture medium resulted in reduction of CA activity that was parallel to the reduction generated by growth of the algae in high external CO2 concentrations. This reduction in activity is a consequence of lower level of the CA protein as determined by western analysis. Transcript abundance of cah-1, the gene encoding the low CO2-induced CA, is also reduced by the addition of acetate as verified by northern analysis. Measurements of photosynthesis and respiration suggest that the acetate-induced reduction of CA expression is not a function of lowered photosynthetic capacity, but may be the result of increased internal CO2 concentration generated by high, acetate-stimulated respiratory rates. Growth medium pH can also influence extracellular CA expression. The induction of CA activity, protein abundance, and transcript levels by exposure to limiting inorganic carbon (Ci) concentrations is much more pronounced at higher than at lower pH values. The relationship between pH regulation of CA expression and its role in the Ci-concentrating mechanism are discussed.
Components of the Bid–Ask Spread and Variance: A Unified Approach

We develop a structural model for the price formation and liquidity supply of an asset. Our model facilitates decompositions of both the bid–ask spread and the return variance into components related to adverse selection, inventory, and order processing costs. Furthermore, the model shows how the fragmentation of trading volume across trading venues influences inventory pressure and price discovery. We use the model to analyze intraday price formation for gold futures traded at the Shanghai Futures Exchange. We find that order processing costs explain about 50% of the futures bid–ask spread, whereas the remaining 50% is equally due to asymmetric information and to inventory costs. About a third of the variance in futures returns is attributable to microstructure noise. Trading at the spot market has a significant influence on futures price discovery, but only a limited impact on the futures bid–ask spread. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:545–563, 2016
AN IMPROVED HEURISTIC FOR STAFFING TELEPHONE CALL CENTERS WITH LIMITED OPERATING HOURS

Many telephone call centers that experience cyclic and random customer demand adjust their staffing over the day in an attempt to provide a consistent target level of customer service. The standard and widely used staffing method, which we call the stationary independent period by period (SIPP) approach, divides the workday into planning periods and uses a series of stationary independent Erlang‐c queuing models—one for each planning period—to estimate minimum staffing needs. Our research evaluates and improves upon this commonly used heuristic for those telephone call centers with limited hours of operation during the workday. We show that the SIPP approach often suggests staffing that is substantially too low to achieve the targeted customer service levels (probability of customer delay) during critical periods. The major reasons for SIPP‘ s shortfall are as follows: (1) SIPP's failure to account for the time lag between the peak in customer demand and when system congestion actually peaks; and (2) SIPP’ s use of the planning period average arrival rate, thereby assuming that the arrival rate is constant during the period. We identify specific domains for which SIPP tends to suggest inadequate staffing. Based on an analysis of the factors that influence the magnitude of the lag in infinite server systems that start empty and idle, we propose and test two simple “lagged” SIPP modifications that, in most situations, consistently achieve the service target with only modest increases in staffing.
Gender Down Under: Welfare State Restructuring in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand

Beginning in the mid-1980s, the governments of both Australia and New Zealand embarked upon programmes of economic reform. In the same period, they have also undertaken extensive, if incremental, restructuring of their social policy gender models, away from the male breadwinner family form and towards dual-earner partnerships based on individualized entitlement. This paper examines and compares this restructuring. It aims to identify those respects in which similarities and differences in this restructuring express enduring cross-national differences in social policy, and in what respects simply reflect differences in the timing of otherwise similar developments.
The Impact of State Television on Voter Turnout

In an influential study, Matthew Gentzkow found that the introduction of TV in the United States caused a major drop in voter turnout. In contrast, the current analysis shows that public broadcasting TV can increase political participation. Detailed data on the rollout of television in Norway in the 1960s and 1970s are combined with municipality-level data on voter turnout over a period of four decades. The date of access to TV signals was mostly a side effect of geography, a feature that is used to identify causal effects. Additional analyses exploit individual-level panel data from three successive election studies. The new TV medium instantly became a major source of political information. It triggered political interest and caused a modest, but statistically significant, increase in voter turnout.
Fat mass and lipid profile in young adults born preterm.

CONTEXT Associations between small size at birth and abnormal cardiovascular parameters in later life have been reported. It is, however, unknown whether the effect of a small size at birth on cardiovascular risk factors in later life is due to a small size for gestational age or due to prematurity. Due to advances in neonatal care, survival of preterm infants has significantly improved, and nowadays an increasing number of these children reach adulthood. It is, therefore, of increasing importance to assess the long-term effect of prematurity on determinants for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effects of gestational age and particularly preterm birth on lipid levels and fat mass in early adulthood. DESIGN AND PATIENTS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 455 healthy subjects, aged 18 to 24 yr; 167 preterm subjects were compared with 288 full-term subjects. OUTCOME MEASURE Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and limb fat mass were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Furthermore, fasting lipid levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein a, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A-I) were measured. RESULTS Preterm subjects had a significantly higher percentage of total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and limb fat mass than subjects born term. Furthermore, preterm subjects had significantly lower serum lipoprotein a levels and higher apolipoprotein A-I levels than term subjects. Multiple linear regression analyses to assess the association between gestational age and fat mass and lipid levels showed similar results. CONCLUSION In our cohort of 455 young adults, preterm birth was associated with more total fat mass, trunk fat, and limb fat mass but a relatively favorable lipid profile.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of Synchronous Colorectal Cancers: Heterogeneity of Clinical Outcome Depending on Microsatellite Instability Status of Individual Tumors

BACKGROUND: The contribution of chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and epigenetic instability to the development of synchronous colorectal carcinomas is controversial. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relative roles of microsatellite instability and epigenetic instability in the development of synchronous colorectal cancers. DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of medical records with histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular examination of stored tissue samples. SETTING: The study took place at Seoul National University Hospital, Korea. PATIENTS: A total of 46 patients with synchronous colorectal cancers and 105 patients with solitary colorectal cancers were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics including microsatellite instability, mismatch repair gene expression, CpG island methylator phenotype, and mutation of KRAS and BRAF were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with synchronous tumors were more likely to be men than those with solitary tumors and had a tendency toward colocalization of individual tumors in the left or right colon. MSI-deficient cancers were more frequent in synchronous than in solitary cancers. The frequencies of CpG island methylator phenotype-high and KRAS and BRAF mutations were not different between synchronous and solitary cancers. No differences between synchronous cancers and solitary cancers were observed in overall survival or progression-free survival. Within the synchronous cancer group, patients with individual tumors discordant for microsatellite instability status had the worst clinical outcome, whereas those with individual tumors concordant for microsatellite instability-deficient status had the best clinical outcome. LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective nature. Molecular analysis was performed only on cancerous lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that microsatellite instability plays a more important role than does epigenetic instability in the development of synchronous colorectal cancers, and that information regarding concordant or discordant microsatellite instability status between individual tumors might help to predict clinical outcome of synchronous colorectal cancers.
Managerial Incentives and Management Forecast Precision

ABSTRACT: Managers have great discretion in determining forecast characteristics, but little is known about how managerial incentives affect these characteristics. This paper examines whether managers strategically choose forecast precision for self-serving purposes. Building on the prior finding that the market reaction to vague forecasts is weaker than its reaction to precise forecasts, we find that for management forecasts disclosed before insider sales, more positive (negative) news forecasts are more (less) precise than other management forecasts. The opposite applies to management forecasts disclosed before insider purchases. These results are consistent with managers strategically choosing forecast precision to increase stock prices before insider sales and to decrease stock prices before insider purchases. Additional analyses indicate that the impact of managerial incentives on forecast precision is less pronounced when institutional ownership is high or when disclosure risk is high, and is more p.
The valuation accuracy of equity valuation using a combination of multiples

Purpose – Aims to examine a comprehensive approach to combine several simple multiple valuation, so as to improve the valuation, accuracy of the simple multiple valuation technique. Design/methodology/approach – In order to combine several simple multiple valuations, the equity value is estimated by a weighted average of the valuation outcomes obtained from several simple multiple valuations. To calculate the weight of each valuation outcome, the out-of-sample price-deflated regression of stock prices on several simple multiple valuation outcomes is conducted. Next, the alternative hypothesis of whether the composite approach yields a higher valuation accuracy than the simple multiple valuation is tested, using the actual stock price of the valued firm as the benchmark to measure the valuation accuracy under the assumption of market efficiency. Findings – It was found that combining several simple multiple valuation outcomes of a firm, each of which is based on a stock price multiple to a historical accounting performance measure of the comparable firms (historical multiple), improves the valuation accuracy of the simple multiple valuation using a single historical multiple. However, further analysis shows that the combination of the simple multiple valuation outcomes based on a stock price multiple to analysts’ earnings forecasts of the comparable firms (forward earnings multiple) and several simple multiple valuation outcomes based on historical multiples does not improve the valuation accuracy of the simple multiple valuation using a forward earnings multiple. Research limitations/implications – One caveat of this study is that only the linear combination of the simple multiple valuation outcomes is considered. Non-linear combination of the simple multiple valuation outcomes based on both forward earnings multiple and historical multiples may be able to improve the valuation accuracy of the simple multiple valuation using a forward earnings multiple. This possibility is still an open question. Practical implications – The findings imply that a historical multiple contains incremental information not captured by other historical multiples, which is useful for the improvement of the valuation accuracy. However, the historical multiples may have no incremental information beyond a forward earnings multiple. Originality/value – The forward earnings multiples as well as the historical multiples for the equity valuations of broader firms are considered. Given the previous finding that forward earnings multiple presents the highest valuation accuracy among the valuation multiples, it is further investigated whether the composite approach using forward earnings multiple and historical multiples can improve the valuation accuracy of the simple multiple valuation using a forward earnings multiple. In addition, the potential problem of selection bias in the previous study is addressed, which examines only the equity valuations in the tax court.
Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus oriLyt Sequence Requirements in the Context of the Viral Genome

ABSTRACT During the lytic phase of infection, replication of herpesvirus genomes initiates at the lytic origin of replication, oriLyt. Many herpesviruses harbor more than one lytic origin, but so far, only one oriLyt has been identified for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Evidence for the existence of additional lytic origins of HCMV has remained elusive. On the basis of transient replication assays with cloned viral fragments, HCMV oriLyt was described as a core region of 1.5 kbp (minimal oriLyt) flanked by auxiliary sequences required for maximal replication activity (complete oriLyt). It remained unclear whether minimal oriLyt alone can drive the replication of HCMV in the absence of its accessory regions. To investigate the sequence requirements of oriLyt in the context of the viral genome, mutant genomes were constructed lacking either minimal or complete oriLyt. These genomes were not infectious, suggesting that HCMV contains only one lytic origin of replication. Either minimal or complete oriLyt was then ectopically reinserted into the oriLyt-depleted genomes. Only the mutant genomes carrying complete oriLyt led to infectious progeny. Remarkably, inversion of the 1.5-kbp core origin relative to its flanking regions resulted in a replication-defective genome. Mutant genomes carrying minimal oriLyt plus the left flanking region gave rise to minifoci, but genomes harboring minimal oriLyt together with the right flanking region were noninfectious. We conclude that the previously defined minimal lytic origin is not sufficient to drive replication of the HCMV genome. Rather, our results underline the importance of the accessory regions and their correct arrangement for the function of HCMV oriLyt.