Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas Source MBE Grown Wavelength Extending InGaAs Photodetectors

Photodetectors (PDs) responding to the light in short wave infrared (SWIR) of 1-3 ┤m have attracted much attention because of the unique spectral features in this band. For example, the water molecules, which are the most important component of this world, have 4 important absorption bands around 1.1, 1.4, 1.9 and 2.7 μm respectively as shown in Fig.1. (Rothman et al., 2005), between them clear transmission windows exist. The high contrast characteristics make it fascinating for the observation of our earth from the satellite to get diversified information. On the earth the spectroscopy character of numerous water containing substances as fruitage, beverage and medicament in SWIR band also arouses much interests. Besides, CO2 also has significant spectral fingerprints in this band especially those around 1.6 and 2.1 μm. Those absorption features just located in the water windows with distinct intensities, which makes them quite suitable for CO2 distribution mapping or monitoring from space or at ground. Furthermore, many areas including spectroscopy of characteristic absorption of gases or liquids, night and fog penetrate vision, thermophotovoltaic energy conversion, thermal imaging of high temperature objects, wind detection lidar, etc. also presume upon photodetectors in this band. To detect the light in this band for the applications mentioned above arouses mainly two trait of concern, the sensitivity and response speed. For those applications the response frequencies in the range of tens of KHz to hundreds of MHz are common despite for special communication purpose. Among different categories of photodetectors, the thermal detectors are suffering from their inherent lower response speed and sensitivity. Therefore, the photon or quantum types of detectors should play an important role in this field. Quantum type PDs in SWIR band, which are the devices concerned in this chapter, may relate to different conformations and could be constructed using different type of materials. In this chapter a review on the material issues will appear first, then concentrated on the PDs using ternary III-V material of InxGa1-xAs on InP substrate grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) with different type of buffer structures and configurations. The buffer layer optimization will be emphasized and wafer growth, chip processing and device characterization will be introduced in detail.
A Skills-focused Approach to Teaching Design Fundamentals to Large Numbers of Students and Its Effect on Engineering Design Self-efficacy

Will Guilford is an Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Virginia. He is also the Undergraduate Program Director for Biomedical Engineering, and the Director of Educational Innovation in the School of Engineering. He received his B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from St. Francis College in Ft. Wayne, Indiana and his Ph.D. in Physiology from the University of Arizona. Will did his postdoctoral training in Molecular Biophysics at the University of Vermont under David Warshaw. His research interests include novel assessments of educational efficacy, the molecular basis of cell movement, and the mitigation of infectious diseases.
Principal components-based regionalization of precipitation regimes across the southwest United States and northern Mexico, with an application to monsoon precipitation variability

We determine precipitation regions for the United States-Mexico border region based on seasonality and variability of monthly precipitation at 309 stations for the period 1961 to 1990. Using a correlation matrix of input data to avoid the effect of elevation on precipitation, we apply principal components analysis with oblique rotation to regionalize this large, climatologically complex study area. We examine the applicability of the method, 2 techniques for defining region boundaries, the various defined regions themselves, and the effects of transforming input data and changing obliquity of component rotation. We obtain 9 consistent and largely contiguous regions from each of the analyses, including regions for the North American monsoon, the low deserts, the California Mediterranean regime, and for summer precipitation regimes adjoining the Gulf of Mexico. The derived regions and associated boundaries make physical sense in terms of the driving atmospheric processes, and they are robust to transformed input data and changes in rotation procedures. The central border regions are remarkably consistent across analyses, with small changes to peripheral regions. We also identify 4 monsoon sub-regions, and we illustrate the applicability of the regionalization via an analysis of relationships between monsoon precipitation variability and 500 mb pressure heights. Significantly different 500 mb circulation patterns are associated with wet and dry monsoon seasons in each of the subregions, and it appears that shifts in 500 mb circulation relative to the geographic position of each sub-region influence seasonal precipitation variability, directly or indirectly. There are important differences between some sub-regions, but in general wet monsoons are associated with northward meridional bulging of the subtropical anticyclone over the continental monsoon areas, while dry monsoons are associated with zonal stretching of the subtropical anticyclone over adjacent oceans with slightly higher pressure-heights. Overall, the study provides a clear regionalization of the precipitation climatology for the southwest United States and northern Mexico, and shows its utility for studies of climate variability.
Penerapan Konten E-learning Berbasis SCORM Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivktas Pembelajaran

E-learning merupakan salah satu bentuk model pembelajaran yang difasilitasi dan didukung pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Pada sebuah pendidikan seperti Sekolah Menengah Atas sangat dibutuhkan untuk membantu guru dalam meningkatkan efektifitas pembelajaran Beradasrkan pengamat/penelitian sementara yang berkaitan dengan proses pemebelajaran siswa dalam menerima materi masih terfokus pada buku – buku paket yang ada, penerapan teknolgi masih kurang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sehingga terasa kurang efektif dalam penyampaian materi sehingga siswa merasa jenuh. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya pembaharuan dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan efektifitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai hal-hal berikut. Transformasi penyajian materi berstandarisasi scorm (Sharable Content Object Refrence Model), dimana guru dapat mengetahui aktivitas siswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar khususnya dalam membaca bahan ajar yang disediakan oleh guru dan sejauh mana efektifitas pemeblajaran dapat ditingkatkan dengan pemebelajaran menggunakan e-learning berstandarisasi scorm. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelas yaitu kelas X 1 Sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X 2 sebagai kkelas Kontrol. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini, didapat berupa data awal yaitu pretest untuk kelas eksperimen dengan nilai rata – rata adalah 59,5 sedangan kelas kontrol mendapatkan nilai rata – rata 49,1. Setelah diterapkan e-learning berbasi scorm dan setelah mendapat perlakuan untuk kelas eksperimen didapat nilai postes dengan rata – rata 81,8 dengan taraf peningkatan 38% dan kelas kontrol sebesar 62,1 dengan taraf 27%. Dan respon tanggapan siswa begitu baik terhadap penerapan e-learning berbasis scorm ini dengan data yang dibuktikakn dengan diperoleh data bahwa 25 siswa atau 94,29 % siswa Kelas X 1 memberi tanggapan sangat baik dan 2 siswa atau 5,71% memberi tanggapan baik. Kesimpulan bahwa penerpan konten e-learning berbasis scorm dapat meningkatkna efektifitas pembelajaran.
University of Groningen THE MINOAN SANTORINI ERUPTION AND TSUNAMI DEPOSITS IN PALAIKASTRO

Deposits from the Minoan Santorini (Thera) eruption in the eastern Mediterranean region constitute the most important regional stratigraphic marker in the chronological perplexity of the 2nd millennium BCE. Extensive tsunami deposits were discovered in Crete at the Minoan archaeological site of Palaikastro, containing reworked volcanic Santorini ash. Hence, airborne deposition of volcanic ash, probably during the 1st (Plinian) eruption phase, preceded the tsunami, which was apparently generated during the 3rd or 4th phase of the eruption, based on evidence from Thera. Average radiocarbon dates (uncalibrated) of animal bones in the Palaikastro tsunami deposits along the coast (3350 ± 25 BP) and at the inland archaeological site (3352 ± 23 BP) are astoundingly similar to the average 14C date for the Minoan Santorini eruption at Akrotiri on Thera (3350 ± 10 BP). The wiggle-matched 14C date of the eruption in calendar years is 1627–1600 cal BCE. Late Minoan IA pottery is the youngest element in the Palaikastro tsunami deposits, fitting with the LM IA archaeological date for the Santorini eruption, conventionally linked at ~1500 BCE with Dynasty XVIII of the historical Egyptian chronology. The reasons for the discrepancy of 100–150 yr between 14C dating and Egyptian chronology for part of the 2nd millennium BCE are unknown. 14C dates from Tell el-Dabca in the eastern Nile Delta show that the 14C age of the Santorini eruption matches with 14C results from 18th Dynasty strata C3 and C2, thereby confirming grosso modo the conventional archaeo-historical correlations between the Aegean and Egypt. We propose that a dual dating system is used in parallel: (1) archaeological materialcultural correlations linked to Egyptian chronology; (2) 14C dating. Mixing of dates from the 2 systems may lead to erroneous archaeological and historical correlations. A “calibration curve” should be established between Egyptian chronology and 14C dating for the 2nd millennium BCE, which may also assist to resolve the cause of the discrepancy.
The Effects of Access Regulation on Investment and the Implication for an Optimal access pricing policy

This study was conducted during an internship at the Office of the Chief Economist of the Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets, ACM. Initially, I intended to give a literature review on the relevant theoretical and empirical studies which investigate the effects of access regulation on electronic communications. This literature review was aimed to provide the employees of ACM with an overview of the existing works so that they can consider which impacts their undertaken access regulation has and possibly change their regulatory policy. Therefore, section 3 and 4 are a rather extensive reviewing part of this thesis. As a further remainder of this intention, the appendix is also comprehensive. It summarizes all treated theoretical models focusing on the underlying mechanisms in order to provide the employees of ACM with the possibility to grasp the functioning of the technical models. In order to better structure and assess the theoretical and empirical findings, I decided to develop several scenarios that consider the impacts of access regulation with respect to different policy goals. This analytical work motivated me to form my thesis out of the preceding literature review. Moreover, as the undertaken analysis turned out to be not directly applicable to the Netherlands, which is characterized by a well-developed cable network, I was encouraged to investigate how the implications change when accounting for additional competition from an unregulated cable network. My work strongly benefitted from the productive working atmosphere at the ACM in The Hague. I gratefully acknowledge the support of Prof. Dr. Jarig van Sinderen and Drs. Robert Stil and would like to thank Joos Francke and Wendy Swelsen (all ACM) for insightful comments. All opinions expressed in this thesis are my own and do not necessarily reflect those of the ACM.
Measuring Value Creation in Bank Mergers and Acquisitions

This paper performs an event study on mergers and acquisitions between publicly listed Italian banks. Our study shows that previous literature may have only partially captured the market reaction by choosing the announcement date as the event date. In less efficient markets that date is not sufficiently accurate to capture all the market reaction because of the leakage of information. Using the rumours date instead, we find that in our sample the overall market value creation can even become from negative to positive. Moreover, we also find evidence that in Italy private benefits are more likely to drive the bidders' decisions rather than value creation goals.
Analysis of the influence of fusion synthesis parameters on the SO2 sorption properties of zeolites produced out of fly ash

Fly ash zeolites are interesting alternative for zeolies produced out of pure chemicals as well as for natural zeolites. It can be applied as SO2 sorbents out of flue gases. In the work the experiments were aimed at investigation of SO2 sorption capacity of samples produced out of fly ash in fusion process. The influence of fusion reaction parameters on the type of obtained zeolites and on the efficiency of synthesis was investigated. The samples containing the same types of zeolites, but with different production yield were testes on SO2 sorption capacity.
ANISOTROPIC NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH MEASURE DATA AND ANISOTROPIC HARMONIC MAPS INTO SPHERES

We prove existence results for distributional solutions of anisotropic nonlinear elliptic systems with a measure valued right-hand side. The func- tional setting involves anisotropic Sobolev spaces as well as weak Lebesgue (Marcinkiewicz) spaces. In a special case we also prove maximal regularity and uniqueness results. Some of the obtained results are applied, along with an anisotropic variant of the div-curl lemma in the Hardy one space, to prove that the space of anisotropic harmonic maps into spheres is compact in the weak topology of the relevant anisotropic Sobolev space.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Isolates of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses from Southern Region of India

The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is used for the differentiation of classical virulent (cv), virulent (v) and very virulent (vv) strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) isolates collected from recent outbreaks in southern region of India. In the present study, five different isolates (BGE15, EDE14, RPM14, MDI14 and THI14) of IBDV strains were subjected for genotyping along with vaccine (Georgia, intermediate strain) by performing RT-PCR for amplification of a 743 bp from the hypervariable region of VP2 gene followed by restriction enzyme digestion with seven different enzymes (HhaI, SacI, SspI, StyI, BspMI, StuI and TaqI) for the differentiation of classical, virulent and very virulent strains of IBDV. The RTPCR product obtained from all the five isolates were not cleaved by SspI and SacI enzyme and thus revealed the absence of restriction enzyme (RE) site for SspI and SacI enzyme, respectively. The HhaI enzyme cleaved vaccine and field isolates with similar restriction profiling pattern. The StuI enzyme did not digest vaccine strain whereas field isolates were cleaved by this enzyme. The BspM1 was not able to differentiate the field isolates from vaccine strain. TaqI enzyme cleaved both vaccine and field isolates of IBDV with different profile pattern. The StyI enzyme showed single RE site on vaccine strain and other field isolates with similar RE pattern. Thus, from the present study, it may be concluded that all the isolates belonged to vvIBDV and they do not have site for SspI marker.
Kerr/Fluid Duality and Singularity of Solutions to the Fluid Equation

An equation for a viscous incompressible fluid on a spheroidal surface which is dual to the perturbation around the near-near horizon extreme Kerr (n-NHEK) black hole is derived. It is also shown that an expansion scalar $\theta$ of a congruence of null geodesics on the null horizon of the perturbed n-NHEK spacetime, which is dual to a viscous incompressible fluid, is not positive semi-definite, even if initial conditions on the velocity are smooth. Unless initial conditions are elaborated, caustics of null congruence will occur on the horizon in the future. A similar result is obtained for a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole spacetime which is dual to a viscous incompressible fluid on $S^2$. An initial condition that $\theta$ be positive semi-definite at any point on $S^2$ is a necessary condition for the existence of smooth solutions to incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equation on $S^2$.
Nutritive value of on-farm common vetch-oat hays. II. Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein

Les caracteristiques de degradation et la degradabilite theorique (DT) dans le rumen de la matiere seche (MS) et des matieres azotees totales (MAT) de 11 foins de vesce-avoine ont ete mesurees avec des sachets de nylon sur trois moutons munis d'une canule du rumen. Les animaux ont ete nourris avec une ration composee de foin de vesce-avoine et d'aliment concentre dans des proportions 2:1 (sur MS) a un niveau de 40 g MS.kg -1 . P 0,75 . Les valeurs de DT, calculees avec des taux de sortie des particules du rumen mesures pour chaque animal, ont ete peu variables tant pour la MS (moyenne = 65,8 %; CV = 7,9 %) que pour les MAT (moyenne = 79,3 %; CV = 4,7 %). La proportion de vesce du foin a ete positivement reliee avec la DT de la MS (r = 0,412; P < 0,05) et des MAT (r = 0,583; P < 0,001). Des equations de prediction de la DT a partir de la composition chimique ont ete obtenues. Dans le cas de la MS, les teneurs en parois cellulaires et en lignocellulose expliquent 79,4 % de la variation totale observee pour la DT. En revanche, la meilleure prediction de la DT des MAT a ete obtenue avec la teneur en cellulose comme variable independante (r 2 = 0,839). Les etudes de degradation ont aussi montre que ces foins ont une faible teneur en proteine non degradee dans le rumen et potentiellement digestible dans l'intestin. De cette facon, la plus grande partie de l'azote disponible pour l'animal est fournie par la synthese microbienne dans le rumen.
Defected Ground Structure: Fundamentals, Analysis, and Applications in Modern Wireless Trends

Slots or defects integrated on the ground plane of microwave planar circuits are referred to as Defected Ground Structure. DGS is adopted as an emerging technique for improving the various parameters of microwave circuits, that is, narrow bandwidth, cross-polarization, low gain, and so forth. This paper presents an introduction and evolution of DGS and how DGS is different from former technologies: PBG and EBG. A basic concept behind the DGS technology and several theoretical techniques for analysing the Defected Ground Structure are discussed. Several applications of DGS in the field of filters, planar waveguides, amplifiers, and antennas are presented.
Immunohistochemical expression of HOXA 1 , and Ki-67 proteins of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and constitutes a major health problem in developing. In the last 30 years, the 5-year survival rate of patients with oral SCC has not improved despite advance in diagnostic techniques. To improve early diagnosis for this deadly disease, new biological markers are needed. HOX genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryogenesis. HOX gene expression has been described in several adult tissues, where they performed important roles in maintaining homeostasis. Few studies have suggested that HOXA1 plays a role in tumorigenesis. Besides being overexpressed in several tumors, HOXA1 influences numerous cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and HOXA1 overexpression is sufficient for malignant transformation ofnontumorigenic epithelial cells. Ki-67 is a specific marker of proliferation and the expression of which is strictly associated with cell proliferation and is widely used in pathology as a proliferation marker to measure the growth fraction of cells in human tumors.The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of HOXA1 & Ki-67 in OSCC & to correlate the expression of the studied markers with the clinicopathological findings and with each other Materials and Methods: Thirty formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. H&E stain was done for each block for reassessment of histological examination. An immunohistochimical stain was performed using anti HOXA1 and anti Ki-67 poly clonal antibodies. Results:The expression of HOXA1 and Ki-67were positive in all oral squamous cell carcinoma cases & in all layers (100%), while the expression was restricted to the basal and supra basal layer in normal oral mucosa. Statistically non-significant correlation observed between each marker with clinico-pathological parameters. While a statistically significant association was found between the expressions of two markers, (p-value= 0.027). Conclusion: The statistically significant association observed between expressions of HOXA1 with the specific marker of proliferation Ki-67. This suggested important role in oral SCC development and progression.
Influence of a Ferronickel Smelting Plant Activity on the Coastal Zonethrough Investigation of Metal Bioaccumulation on Two GastropodSpecies (Patella caerulea and Phorcus turbinatus)

The impact of a ferronickel smelting plant on the coastal zone has been investigated through metal bioconcentration by two common Mediterranean gastropod species (Patella caerulea and Phorcus turbinatus) collected seasonally together with seawater. P. caerulea presented higher Zn and Fe levels, while Ph. turbinatus higher Mn and Cu ones. The highest concentration of metals was measured in the stations close to the smelting plant in both species. P. caerulea displayed higher seasonal metal levels during autumn and winter as seawater did, while Phorcus displayed higher metal levels in spring. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between the dissolved concentration of Fe and Mn in seawater and the soft tissues in Ph. turbinatus, whereas the same was detected for Zn in P. caerulea. The Cluster analysis based of metals uptake was similar for both species except for Mn and Cu, in P. caerulea and Ph. turbinatus, respectively. The bioaccumulation metals in the two gastropods indicated that the ferronickel smelting plant has a heavily impact on the coastal zone, contaminating the coastal biocenoses with Fe, Mn and Zn. Finally, it seems that Ph. turbinatus reflects better the environmental conditions and could be considered as more efficient bioindicator.