Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hairpin-like optimal perturbations in plane Poiseuille flow

In this work it is shown that hairpin vortex structures can be the outcome of a nonlinear optimal growth process, in a similar way as streaky structures can be the result of a linear optimal growth mechanism. With this purpose, nonlinear optimizations based on a Lagrange multiplier technique coupled with a direct-adjoint iterative procedure are performed in a plane Poiseuille flow at subcritical values of the Reynolds number, aiming at quickly triggering nonlinear effects. Choosing a suitable time scale for such an optimization process, it is found that the initial optimal perturbation is composed of sweeps and ejections resulting in a hairpin vortex structure at the target time. These alternating sweeps and ejections create an inflectional instability occurring in a localized region away from the wall, generating the head of the primary and secondary hairpin structures, quickly inducing transition to turbulent flow. This result could explain why transitional and turbulent shear flows are characterized by a high density of hairpin vortices.
Managing Cultural

The scale and complexity of change in software process improvement (SPI) are considerable and managerial attention to organizational culture during SPI can therefore potentially contribute to successful outcomes. However, we know little about the impact of variations in organizational subculture on SPI initiatives. On this backdrop, we report from a large scale SPI project in a Danish high-tech company, Terma. Two of its business units – Integrated Systems (ISY) and Airborne Systems (ASY) – followed similar approaches over a two year period, but with quite different outcomes. While ISY reached CMMI level 2 as planned, ASY struggled to implement even modest improvements. To explain these differences, we analyzed the underlying organizational culture within ISY and ASY using two different methods for subculture assessment. The study demonstrates how variations in culture across software organizations can have important implications for SPI outcomes. Furthermore, it provides insights into how software managers can practically assess subcultures to inform decisions about and help prepare plans for SPI initiatives.
Petrology of Volcanic Rocks Recovered on Leg 18

Volcanic rocks were recovered at five of the sites drilled on Leg 18. Preliminary shipboard petrologic studies of cored samples were augmented by onshore petrographic and petrochemical studies. At Sites 172, 173, and 178 acoustic basement was sampled. The basement consists of basalt at Sites 172 and 178 and of andesite at Site 173. At Site 177 a basalt sill was encountered in the middle of a submarine fan section. Basalt from Site 179 is similar to rocks from the adjacent Giacomini Seamount. Major element chemical analyses of the cored rocks listed in Tables 1 to 5, were made using analytical methods described in U.S.G.S. Bulletin 1144A supplemented by atomic absorption. Trace element contents of the rocks, determined by spectrographic analysis, are also reported in Tables 1 to 5 and have an overall accuracy of ±15 percent except near the limits of detection where only one significant figure is shown.
Mitigation of Low Frequency AC Ripple in Single-Phase Photovoltaic Power Conditioning Systems

A photovoltaic power conditioning system (PV PCS) that contains single? phase dc/ac inverters tends to draw an ac ripple current at twice the output frequency. Such a ripple current perturbs the operating points of solar cells continuously and it may reduce the efficiency of the current based maximum power point tracking technique (CMPPT). In this paper, the ripple current generation in a dc link and boost inductor is analyzed using the ac equivalent circuit of a dc/dc boost converter. A new feed-forward ripple current compensation method to incorporate a current control loop into a dc/dc converter for ripple reduction is proposed. The proposed feed-forward compensation method is verified by simulation and experimental results. These results show a 41.8 % reduction in the peak-to peak ac ripple. In addition, the dc/ac inverter control system uses an automatic voltage regulation (AVR) function to mitigate the ac ripple voltage effect in the dc link. A 3㎾ PV PCS prototype has been built and its experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Arabidopsis Sin3-HDAC Complex Facilitates Temporal Histone Deacetylation at the CCA1 and PRR9 Loci for Robust Circadian Oscillation

The circadian clock synchronizes endogenous rhythmic processes with environmental cycles and maximizes plant fitness. Multiple regulatory layers shape circadian oscillation, and chromatin modification is emerging as an important scheme for precise circadian waveforms. Here, we report the role of an evolutionarily conserved Sin3-histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) in circadian oscillation in Arabidopsis. SAP30 FUNCTION-RELATED 1 (AFR1) and AFR2, which are key components of Sin3-HDAC complex, are circadianly-regulated and possibly facilitate the temporal formation of the Arabidopsis Sin3-HDAC complex at dusk. The evening-expressed AFR proteins bind directly to the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9) promoters and catalyze histone 3 (H3) deacetylation at the cognate regions to repress expression, allowing the declining phase of their expression at dusk. In support, the CCA1 and PRR9 genes were de-repressed around dusk in the afr1-1afr2-1 double mutant. These findings indicate that periodic histone deacetylation at the morning genes by the Sin3-HDAC complex contributes to robust circadian maintenance in higher plants.
Rethinking service recovery: a customer empowerment (CE) perspective

Generally, complainants have been given little power to effect how their service recovery encounter unfolds. Meanwhile, the satisfactory resolution of customer complaints has been a challenging task for many service organizations. Empowering customers in service recovery provides a solution for this challenge. However, the studies on customer empowerment (CE) have taken very narrow perspectives of CE and therefore, none of them individually can explain the nature of CE in service recovery situations among various services that represent the services industry. Based upon the review of the previous research, this article proposes a more integrative theoretical framework in an attempt to better describe and explain the customers’ view of CE in the management of service recovery encounters. According to the proposed model, the degree of complainant-perceived empowerment during service recovery determines both the level of complainant's affective/cognitive responses and the level of subsequent complaint satisfaction. Implications are provided and discussed from both practical and theoretical perspectives.
Non-native western tubenose gobies Proterorhinus semilunaris show distinct site, sex and age-related differences in diet

The tubenose goby, Proterorhinus semilunaris , has expanded its range throughout Europe. Comprehensive studies to identify its impact on native riverine ecosystems, however, are relatively scarce. Here, we evaluate dietary preferences of P. semilunaris on a non-native river to reveal any such impacts. Fish were sampled monthly over 2011–2012 from three sites along the River Dyje (Czech Republic; Danube basin) with differing population levels and food availability. Both the amount of food consumed and dietary composition varied seasonally, with site having a strong effect. Food consumed differed between males and females, but not dietary composition; while diet differed between age classes, but not food consumed. In general, Trichoptera, Chironomidae and zooplankton dominated the diet at all sites, with Trichoptera taken more often earlier in the year and zooplankton later. Mussels were always avoided, despite high abundance, while less preferred prey were occasionally taken in high numbers in response to increased availability or energy demand (e.g. spawning). Fish eggs and fry (all P. semilunaris ) were only taken in high numbers at one site, being related to high population level and fry drift from a reservoir. Male feeding declined over the breeding season, presumably due to nest guarding, while female feeding declined over winter, possibly resulting in high mortality. Proterorhinus semilunaris is a feeding opportunist, which may facilitate colonisation in habitats with poor prey availability. No predation pressure on native species was observed through consumption of eggs or fry, though small/young indigenous fish may be affected through diet competition.
OF CARBONATES FROM HOLES 549 AND 550 B ( LEG 80 ) : COMPARISON WITH SOME TETHYAN AND ATLANTIC SITES 1

The evolution through time of trace element contents (Sr, Mg, Mn, and Fe) of sediments at Sites 549 and 550 is similar to that of previously studied oceanic sites. A comparison with some North Atlantic sites and with outcrops of the Gubbio section (Italy) allowed us to show that 1. A negative correlation between Sr and Mg contents, generally characteristic of pelagic carbonate having undergone diagenesis, is confirmed. 2. Magnesium diagenesis occurs over a relatively short time and is sensitive to the sedimentation rate of each individual time period, whereas Sr diagenesis is a long-term phenomenon and is sensitive to the overall average sedimentation rate at the site. Strontium loss by sediments is related to sediment age (i.e., residence time of sediments in a given diagenetic environment) and could be a rough method of dating individual sediment layers. 3. The nature of the seafloor (oceanic or continental) does not appear to play an important part in the content of Fe and Mn in sediments. Their distribution depends more on mid-oceanic ridge activity, paleodepth (through mediation of CaCO3 dissolution and environment), and distance of the site from the ridge.
The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on the Value Relevance of Financial Reporting: Case of Russia

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption by Russian public companies on the value relevance of financial reporting in Russia. Design/methodology/approach We selected 67 Russian public companies that reported both under Russian Accounting Standards (RAS) and IFRS for four consecutive years (2006–2009). Research limitations The main limitation of the chapter is the sample, but this can be explained by the fact that only 67 companies in Russia report under the two standards (RAS and IFRS). So the sample could not be increased as there were no other companies that fulfilled the characteristics of the sample. Findings The results obtained show that on the Russian market there is no evidence of increased value relevance of financial reporting to external users of financial information after adopting IFRS when comparing and evaluating the two regimes (RAS and IFRS) unconditionally. Such results can be explained by the notion of mock compliance which originated due to the institutional differences between the RAS and IFRS development environments. Originality/value Adoption of IFRS by companies in emerging markets has been a subject of interest for lots of researchers, but this is the first research of its kind in the field of value relevance of adoption of IFRS on the Russian market.
2-1-2009 Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number and Colony-forming Capacity in Overweight and Obese Adults

Objective—To investigate whether adiposity influences endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number and colony-forming capacity. Design—Cross-sectional study of normal weight, overweight and obese adult humans. Subjects—Sixty-seven sedentary adults (age 45–65y): 25 normal weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2; 12 males/13 females); 18 overweight (BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m2; 12 males/6 females); and 24 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; 18 males/6 females). All subjects were non-smokers and free of overt cardiometabolic disease. Measurements—Peripheral blood samples were collected and circulating EPC number was assessed by flow cytometry. Putative EPCs were defined as CD45−/CD34+/VEGFR-2+/CD133+ or CD45−/CD34+ cells. EPC colony-forming capacity was measured in vitro using a colony-forming unit assay. Results—Number of circulating putative EPCs (either CD45−/CD34+/VEGFR-2+/CD133+ or CD45−/CD34+ cells) was lower (P<0.05) in obese (0.0007±0.0001%; 0.050±0.006%) compared with overweight (0.0016±0.0004%; 0.089±0.019%) and normal weight (0.0015±0.0003%; 0.082±0.008%) adults. There were no differences in EPC number between the overweight and normal weight groups. EPC colony-formation was significantly less in the obese (6±1) and overweight (4±1) compared with normal weight (9±2) adults. Conclusion—These results indicate that: 1) the number of circulating EPCs is lower in obese compared with overweight and normal weight adults; and 2) EPC colony-forming capacity is blunted in overweight and obese adults compared with normal weight adults. Impairments in EPC number and function may contribute to adiposity-related cardiovascular risk. Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature. com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Corresponding author: Christopher DeSouza, Ph.D., Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, 354 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, Ph: 303 492 2988, Fax: 303 492 6778, E-mail: desouzac@colorado.edu. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Int J Obes (Lond). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 01. Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2009 February ; 33(2): 219–225. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008. 262. A uhor M anscript
Speed of Reversion of Deviations of the Purchasing Power Parity for Brazilian Cities

This work estimates the rate of reversion of deviations from the PPP for Brazilian cities considering three possible sources of bias: i) Nickell, ii) the heterogeneity of the autoregressive coefficients and iii) generated by the temporal aggregation of price indices. The values of the estimated half-lives were approximately 4.41 and 3.18 years when considering the price index of Brazil and the average of the indices of cities as references, respectively. When using the price index for each city as the numeraire, the median half-life is 3.13 years.
Learning Diversity in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Motivational and Learning Styles between Asian International and Dutch Students

This investigation explored differences in motivational and learning preferences between Asian international students and local Dutch students. Statistically significant differences in three scales were found and explained - motivational, cognitive and learning strategies and resource management. The findings draw attention to dimensions of learning diversity that may be present in Dutch tertiary classrooms, and could have implications for individual students, teaching staff and management of the international student body.
The future of pharmaceutical care in Malaysia: Pharmacy students’ perspectives

Objective: To investigate the attitudes of pharmacy students toward pharmaceutical care (PC), perceptions of their preparedness level and barriers to the provision of PC in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on third and fourth-year pharmacy students of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The main instrument used was standard Pharmaceutical Care Attitudes Survey (PCAS) with minor modifications for local suitability. A pilot study conducted and reliability and validity of the modified instrument assessed. SPSS, version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: Reliability coefficient computed to be 0.897. The total number of students was 227. Overall the response rate was 95.05%. Interestingly, all the student pharmacists reported a positive attitude towards the practice of PC. Most student pharmacists stated good perceptions of preparedness towards the provision of PC with the overall mean scores rating of 3.0. The majority agreed on the importance of all PC activities and perceived that lack of physicians' trust/ confidence in the pharmacists' abilities is a major barrier to providing PC in Malaysia. Conclusion: Pharmacy students reflected positive attitudes and perceptions towards PC. Students felt favourable in practicing clinical PC activities rather than administrative ones. Lack of physicians’ trust or confidence in the pharmacists’ abilities was identified as a major barrier to the implementation of PC. This can be improved through better use of inter-professional education which is a first step in generating collaborative practice-oriented workforce.
Young Adults Ten to Fifteen Years after Severe Reading Disability

(1). In general, these individuals, who had had severe reading disability, made measurable gains while in remedial instruction: 70 per cent graduated from elementary school and 20 per cent from high school. According to the author, post-high-school education was not a realistic goal for these pupils. In a twelve-year follow-up study, Silver and Hagin reported on the perceptual, psychological, and cognitive status of twenty-five children with severe reading disability initially studied at the Bellevue Hospital Mental Hygiene Clinic (2). As young adults, these once disabled readers were found to still have psychological signs of neurological difficulty, including specific problems in visual and tactile perception. Adults who, as children, had had difficulty on the classical neurological examination were compared with adults who had shown only psychological signs of neurological involvement; the latter group showed greater improvement in reading. In addition, those who were found to be adequate adult readers had been the least seri-
Extra-Cerebellar Signs and Non-motor Features in Chinese Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3

Objectives: Our study attempted to systematically explore the prevalence of extra-cerebellar signs and non-motor symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sleep disturbances in a cohort of Chinese patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), and further investigated the correlations between non-motor symptoms and clinical characteristics in SCA3 patients. Methods: This study included 68 molecular-proven SCA3 patients. Extra-cerebellar signs were evaluated with the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Symptoms (INAS). The INAS count indicated the number of non-ataxia signs in each patient. The severity of ataxia, fatigue, EDS, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) (24 items), respectively. Results: Extra-cerebellar signs were detected in 91.2% of all SCA3 patients and the mean total INAS count was 2.72 ± 1.88. Rigidity was the most frequent extra-cerebellar sign (47.1%, N = 32). Sensory symptoms (2.9%, N = 2) and chorea (5.9%, N = 4) were rare, and myoclonus (0%) was not found in this cohort. High frequencies of sleep disturbances (64.7%), fatigue (52.9%), depression (48.5%), and anxiety (42.6%) were detected in SCA3 patients. The Spearman correlation indicated that the HAMD score was associated with the CAG repeat length and HAMA score, while the PSQI score was correlated with the SARA and FSS score. In addition, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the CAG repeat length, age of onset, sleep disturbances and depression were significant predictors of fatigue in SCA3 patients. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the vast majority of SCA3 patients display extra-cerebellar signs. Except for EDS, anxiety, depression, fatigue and impaired sleep quality are present in SCA3 patients. The CAG repeat length, age of onset, sleep disturbances and depression are predictors of fatigue in SCA3 patients.
Finding the Optimal Imputation Strategy for Small Cattle Populations

The imputation from lower density SNP chip genotypes to whole-genome sequence level is an established approach to generate high density genotypes for many individuals. Imputation accuracy is dependent on many factors and for small cattle populations such as the endangered German Black Pied cattle (DSN), determining the optimal imputation strategy is especially challenging since only a low number of high density genotypes is available. In this paper, the accuracy of imputation was explored with regard to (1) phasing of the target population and the reference panel for imputation, (2) comparison of a 1-step imputation approach, where 50 k genotypes are directly imputed to sequence level, to a 2-step imputation approach that used an intermediate step imputing first to 700 k and subsequently to sequence level, (3) the software tools Beagle and Minimac, and (4) the size and composition of the reference panel for imputation. Analyses were performed for 30 DSN and 30 Holstein Frisian cattle available from the 1000 Bull Genomes Project. Imputation accuracy was assessed using a leave-one-out cross validation procedure. We observed that phasing of the target populations and the reference panels affects the imputation accuracy significantly. Minimac reached higher accuracy when imputing using small reference panels, while Beagle performed better with larger reference panels. In contrast to previous research, we found that when a low number of animals is available at the intermediate imputation step, the 1-step imputation approach yielded higher imputation accuracy compared to a 2-step imputation. Overall, the size of the reference panel for imputation is the most important factor leading to higher imputation accuracy, although using a larger reference panel consisting of a related but different breed (Holstein Frisian) significantly reduced imputation accuracy. Our findings provide specific recommendations for populations with a limited number of high density genotyped or sequenced animals available such as DSN. The overall recommendation when imputing a small population are to (1) use a large reference panel of the same breed, (2) use a large reference panel consisting of diverse breeds, or (3) when a large reference panel is not available, we recommend using a smaller same breed reference panel without including a different related breed.