Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Brain Pathophysiology through Non-Linear Analysis of MEG in Ιdiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Cases

Background: Non-linear signal analysis has proven to be a technique that is capable of revealing qualitative and quan- titative differentiations between different dynamical systems (biological or otherwise). In the present work it has been demonstrated that this capability reveals quantitative differences in the Magnetoencephalograms (MEG) received from patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy (IGE) and from healthy volunteers. Method: We present MEG record- ings of 10 epileptic patients with IGE and the corresponding ones from 10 healthy volunteers. A 122-channel SQUID biomagnetometer in an electromagnetically shielded room was used to record the MEG signals and the Grassber- ger-Procaccia method for the estimation of the correlation dimension was applied in the phase space reconstruction of the recorded signal from each patient. Results: The aforementioned analysis demonstrates the existence of spatially diffused low dimensionality in the MEG signals of patients with IGE. Conclusion: The obtained results provide support for the hypothesis that low dimensionality in MEG signals is linked to functional brain pathogeny.
Collective Action of Mixed-Mode Groups 1 Adaptation of Collective Action in a Web of Mixed-Mode and Networked Environment Meetup Groups as an Example of an Ecological Response

With the growth of communication technologies in society, collective action has taken new forms that may not be well conceptualized by existing theories. Hence two meaningful theoretical and practical questions are: how is collective action performed by these new forms of human associations and with what effects? To address these questions, this study compared and drew on theories of collective action and organizational ecology to investigate a particular type of voluntary associations, mixed-mode groups. Mixed-mode groups are created and organized online to meet physically in geographically defined ways. An online survey was conducted with 171 randomly sampled groups on Meetup.com. Meetup.com is a website that facilitates the creation and coordination of mixed-mode groups. An analysis of the survey data showed that using internal and external strategies helped groups generate positive group impacts: internal strategies had direct effects on group impacts while external strategies had more circuitous and additive effects on group impacts through network resources. Accordingly, mixed-mode groups navigated across boundaries, became embedded in the networked environment, and generated group impacts. These findings show that, unlike the expectations of collective action theories, ecological theory can be robustly extended to address the mechanisms underlying collective action of contemporary voluntary groups.
Rivastigmine Restores 5-HT1A Receptor Levels in the Hippocampus of Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice

Rivastigmine, a dual acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used for symptomatic treatment of patients with mild to moderately severe dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In the present study, we found that 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) is downregulated, whereas 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is upregulated in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 region by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in mice. Furthermore, chronic treatment with rivastigmine (1.0 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 2 weeks after OBX operation restored the decreased 5-HT1AR and the increased 5-HT2AR levels. To determine whether cholinergic receptor stimulation by rivastigmine is involved in the rivastigmine-induced regulation of 5-HTR levels, we treated the mice with mecamylamine (2.5 mg/kg), or atropine (5.0 mg/kg) with rivastigmine (1.0 mg/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Notably, the rivastigmine-induced 5-HT1AR upregulation was eliminated by mecamylamine but not by atropine treatments. On the other hand, the restored 5-HT2AR level by rivastigmine was not affected by either mecamylamine or atropine. Treatment with 8-OH-DPAT, a selective 5-HT1AR agonist improved the decreased 5-HT1AR and the increased 5-HT2AR levels in OBX mice. On the other hand, treatment with TCB-2, a potent 5-HT2AR agonist had no effects on the 5-HT1AR and 5-HT2AR dysregulation in OBX mice. Taken together, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation mediates rivastigmine-induced upregulation of 5-HT1AR. Therefore, we speculate that the increased ACh levels by rivastigmine can stimulate nAChR located on serotonergic nerve terminals and stimulate 5-HT1AR by the enhanced 5-HT release in the hippocampus. The 5-HT1AR stimulation likely mediates the improvement of 5-HT1AR levels as auto-receptor in OBX hippocampus.
Anomalous bubble propagation in elastic tubes

Airway reopening is an important physiological event, as exemplified by the first breath of an infant that inflates highly collapsed airways by driving a finger of air through its fluid-filled lungs. Whereas fundamental models of airway reopening predict the steady propagation of only one type of bubble with a characteristic rounded tip, our experiments reveal a surprising selection of novel bubbles with counterintuitive shapes that reopen strongly collapsed, liquid-filled elastic tubes. Our multiple bubbles are associated with a discontinuous relationship between bubble pressure and speed that sets exciting challenges for modelers.
Lipschitz and Bi-Lipschitz maps from PI spaces to Carnot groups

This paper deals with the problem of finding bi-Lipschitz behavior in non-degenerate Lipschitz maps between metric measure spaces. Specifically, we study maps from (subsets of) Ahlfors regular PI spaces into sub-Riemannian Carnot groups. We prove that such maps have many bi-Lipschitz tangents, verifying a conjecture of Semmes. As a stronger conclusion, one would like to know whether such maps decompose into countably many bi-Lipschitz pieces. We show that this is true when the Carnot group is Euclidean. For general Carnot targets, we show that the existence of a bi-Lipschitz decomposition is equivalent to a condition on the geometry of the image set.
Analysis of hyper-singular, fractional, and order-zero singular integral operators

In this article, we conduct a study of integral operators defined in terms of non-convolution type kernels with singularities of various degrees. The operators that fall within our scope of research include fractional integrals, fractional derivatives, pseudodifferential operators, Calder\'on-Zygmund operators, and many others. The main results of this article are built around the notion of an operator calculus that connects operators with different kernel singularities via vanishing moment conditions and composition with fractional derivative operators. We also provide several boundedness results on weighted and unweighted distribution spaces, including homogeneous Sobolev, Besov, and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, that are necessary and sufficient for the operator's vanishing moment properties, as well as certain behaviors for the operator under composition with fractional derivative and integral operators. As applications, we prove $T1$ type theorems for singular integral operators with different singularities, boundedness results for pseudodifferential operators belonging to the forbidden class $S_{1,1}^0$, fractional order and hyper-singular paraproduct boundedness, a smooth-oscillating decomposition for singular integrals, sparse domination estimates that quantify regularity and oscillation, and several operator calculus results. It is of particular interest that many of these results do not require $L^2$-boundedness of the operator, and furthermore, we apply our results to some operators that are known not to be $L^2$-bounded.
Microalgae cultivation in different pH, temperature and media for lipid production.

Lipids produced by microalgal biomass can be grouped into nonpolar lipids and polar lipids, which can be easily converted into biofuels. Microalgal samples were collected from three different ponds of Bangalore and cultured in the laboratory to find the effect of different pH, temperature and media on the production of biomass and lipids. Among these, pH-9, temperature -25 ° C and Beneck’s media was most suitable for production of biomass (35.80 g/L) and lipids from the isolated microalgae Chlorella sp. compare to Chladospora sp. (13.33 g/L). Chlorella sp. Showed 0.32 (OD) at pH-9, 0.43 (OD) at temperature-25 ° C and 2.94 (OD) in Beneck’s media. Our result revealed that nutrient supply along with measured variables affects the production of biomass and lipids in different microalgae. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ijls.v8i2. 10227 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(2): 2014; 13-17
Evaluation of the new capture vapourizer for aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) through laboratory studies of inorganic species

Aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) and Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) commercialized by Aerodyne Research Inc. are used widely to measure the mass concentrations and size distributions of non-refractory species in submicron-particles. With the "standard" vaporizer (SV) that is installed in all commercial instruments to date, the quantification of ambient aerosol mass concentration requires the use of a collection efficiency (CE) for correcting the loss of particles due to bounce on the SV. However, CE depends on aerosol phase, and thus can vary with location, airmass, and season of sampling. Although a composition-dependent parameterization of CE in the SV for ambient data has been successful, CE still contributes most of the estimated uncertainty to reported concentrations, and is also an important uncertainty in laboratory studies. To address this limitation, a new "capture" vaporizer (CV) has been designed to reduce or eliminate particle bounce and thus the need for a CE correction. To test the performance of the CV, two high-resolution AMS instruments, one with a SV and one with a CV were operated side by side in the laboratory. Four standard species NH 4 NO 3 , NaNO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 Cl, which typically constitute the majority of the mass of ambient submicron inorganic species, are studied. The effect of vaporizer temperature ( T v ~ 200–800 ℃) on the detected fragments, CE and size distributions are investigated. A T v of 500–550 ℃ for the CV is recommended based on the observed performance. In the CV, CE was identical (around unity) for more volatile species and comparable or higher compared to the SV for less volatile species, demonstrating a substantial improvement in CE of inorganic species in the CV. The detected fragments of NO 3 and SO 4 species observed with the CV are different than those observed with the SV, suggesting additional thermal decomposition arising from the increased residence time and hot surface collisions. Longer particle detection times lead to broadened particle size distribution measurements made with the AMS. The degradation of CV size distributions due to this broadening is significant for laboratory studies using monodisperse particles, but minor for field studies since ambient distributions are typically quite broad. A method for estimating whether pure species will be detected in AMS sizing mode is proposed. Production of CO 2 (g) from sampled nitrate on the vaporizer surface, which has been reported for the SV, is negligible for the CV for NH 4 NO 3 and comparable to the SV for NaNO 3 . Adjusting the alignment of aerodynamic lens to focus particles on the edge of the CV results in higher resolution size distributions, which can be useful in some laboratory experiments. We observe an extremely consistent detection of ammonium from different inorganic ammonium salts, independent of the vaporizer types and/or the T v . This contradicts a recent suggestion by Murphy (2016) that inorganic species evaporate as intact salts in the AMS.
Atomic layer deposition of Y2O3 on h-BN for a gate stack in graphene FETs

The combination of h-BN and high-k dielectrics is required for a top gate insulator in miniaturized graphene field-effect transistors because of the low dielectric constant of h-BN. We investigated the deposition of Y2O3 on h-BN using atomic layer deposition. The deposition of Y2O3 on h-BN was confirmed without any buffer layer. An increase in the deposition temperature reduced the surface coverage. The deposition mechanism could be explained by the competition between the desorption and adsorption of the Y precursor on h-BN due to the polarization. Although a full surface coverage was difficult to achieve, the use of an oxidized metal seeding layer on h-BN resulted in a full surface coverage.
Preserving Care Delivery in Hard-to-Serve Regions: A Case Study of a Population Health System in the Swiss Lower Engadin

Introduction: Many countries report difficulties in preserving access to care in rural areas. This paper examines how hard-to-serve regions sustain care provision by transforming service delivery into population health systems. Theory and methods: The paper builds on theory on care delivery in hard-to-serve regions. It presents a qualitative case study from the Lower Engadin, a rural high mountain valley in the Swiss Alps. Data sources include semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and documents. Data are analysed using recent conceptual research on population health systems. Results: The case study illustrates how politicians and providers in the Lower Engadin resolved a care crisis and preserved access to care by forming a population health system. The system is organised around the Healthcare Centre Lower Engadin. Citizen-centred interventions target an aging population and include health promotion and prevention programs as well as case management based on an ambulatory-before-inpatient care strategy. Conclusion: Hard-to-serve regions like the Lower Engadin preserve access to care by reorganising service delivery towards population health systems. The paper contributes to research on population health systems and care provision in rural areas.
Genetic Biomarkers for ALS Disease in Transgenic SOD 1 G 93 A Mice

The pathophysiological mechanisms of both familial and sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are unknown, although growing evidence suggests that skeletal muscle tissue is a primary target of ALS toxicity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed on transgenic SOD1 mice, a mouse model of ALS, to determine genetic biomarkers of disease longevity. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and three biopsy samples were obtained per animal at the three main stages of the disease. Transcriptional expression levels of seventeen genes, Ankrd1, Calm1, Col19a1, Fbxo32, Gsr, Impa1, Mef2c, Mt2, Myf5, Myod1, Myog, Nnt, Nogo A, Pax7, Rrad, Sln and Snx10, were tested in each muscle biopsy sample. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent according to the manufacturer’s protocol, and variations in gene expression were assayed by real-time PCR for all of the samples. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear correlation between transcriptional expression levels throughout disease progression and longevity. Consistent with the results obtained from total skeletal muscle of transgenic SOD1 mice and 74-day-old denervated mice, five genes (Mef2c, Gsr, Col19a1, Calm1 and Snx10) could be considered potential genetic biomarkers of longevity in transgenic SOD1 mice. These results are important because they may lead to the exploration of previously unexamined tissues in the search for new disease biomarkers and even to the application of these findings in human studies. Citation: Calvo AC, Manzano R, Atencia-Cibreiro G, Oliván S, Muñoz MJ, et al. (2012) Genetic Biomarkers for ALS Disease in Transgenic SOD1 Mice. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32632. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0032632 Editor: Mark R. Cookson, National Institutes of Health, United States of America Received December 7, 2011; Accepted January 28, 2012; Published March 7, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Calvo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by grants from Caja Navarra: ‘‘Tú decides, tú eliges’’, PI071133 and PI10/01787 from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of Spain and by Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) (PI07/1283 and EC08/00049). We gratefully appreciate the support received from the Foundation for the Improvement in ALS Research in Spain ‘‘FUNDELA’’ and from the benefit act ‘‘No llores, no te rindas’’ in Barcelona. The Biomedical Research Centre Network (CIBER) for Rare Diseases is an initiative of the ISCIII. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: osta@unizar.es
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Piglets' Growth and Reproductive Performance in Sows

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of dietary level of CLA and the duration of feeding CLA- containing diets on reproductive performance in sows and piglet growth rate. Tallow (3% in gestation diet and 5% in lactation diet, respectively) was incorporated as a fat source in control diet, and each 50% (dietary CLA level of 0.75% in gestation diet, and 1.50% in lactation diet, respectively) or 100% (dietary CLA level of 1.50% in gestation diet, and 2.50% in lactation diet, respectively) of tallow was replaced by a commercial CLA preparation containing 50% CLA isomers. Diets containing CLA were fed either from d 15 pre- mating to weaning or d 74 post-mating to weaning. The level of dietary CLA and feeding duration did not affect litter size. High dietary level of CLA, however, decreased piglet weights at birth (p<0.01) and tended to decrease backfat thickness of sows at weaning. Long- term feeding of CLA-containing diets decreased piglet weights at weaning (p<0.05) and backfat thickness of sows at weaning (p<0.05). CLA supplemented in sow diet was transferred to fetus and piglets during pregnancy and nursing period, respectively. CLA contents of femoral muscle of piglets were 2.08 to 2.57 mg per g of fat at birth, and 2.36 to 4.47 mg at 10 days of age in CLA groups, while CLA was not detected in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CLA tended to lower backfat thickness of sow and piglets' weight at birth or weaning, but did not affect total litter size. Dietary CLA was transferred efficiently during prenatal and postnatal periods of time through the placenta and milk, respectively. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 2 : 249-254)
A comparative study of endothelial cell loss in cataract surgery: small incision cataract surgery versus phacoemulsification

Aim: The purpose of the study was to study and compare the endothelial cell loss in small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 cases were randomly selected and were divided in two groups with 100 cases in each group. In group 1, patients who underwent small incision cataract surgery were included and in group 2, patients who underwent phacoemulsification were included. The endothelial cell count was measured by noncontact specular microscope preoperatively and postoperatively on day 1, day 7, day 28 and on day 42. Results: Mean endothelial cell loss (cells/mm) in group 1 was 165.81 (6.60%), 274.03 (10.95%), 359.16 (14.41%), 427.51 (17.17%) on day 1, day 7, day 28, day 42 respectively. In group 2, mean endothelial cell loss (cells/mm) was 205.24 (8.22%), 326.81 (12.96%), 418.36 (16.64%), 494.04 (19.53%) on day 1, day 7, day 28, day 42 respectively and the difference was statistically insignificant between the two groups at different postoperative intervals (p >0.05). At 6 weeks in group 1, 97 (97%) cases have postoperative best corrected visual acuity of more than 6/18 compared to 98 (98%) cases in group 2 which was statistically insignificant (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: The difference in endothelial cell loss and best corrected visual acuity at 6 weeks was not statistically significant between the two groups.
Öğretmenlerin Liderlik Davranışları ile Öğrenen Özerkliğini Destekleme Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki

The purpose of this research study is to determine the relationship between leadership behaviors and learner autonomy support behaviors of primary and secondary education teachers. The study was designed in the survey model. The sample of the study was comprised of 338 teachers working in the province of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, who were selected by using disproportionate cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through Teacher Leadership Scale’ and ‘Learner Autonomy Support Behaviors’ Scale. The Teacher Leadership Scale consists of three subscales, which are collaboration among colleagues, institutional improvement, and professional improvement. The Learner Autonomy Support Scale consists of three sub-dimensions, which are feeling and thinking support, learning process support and evaluation support. Both scales reveal the views of teachers concerning the necessity and exhibition of their behaviors. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, teachers’ level of exhibiting leadership behaviors and learner autonomy support behaviors were higher than they considered such behaviors to be necessary. Teachers considered that, out of teacher leadership sub-dimensions, professional improvement was believed to be the highest for both necessity and exhibition parts. This sub-dimension was followed by the collaboration among colleagues, and institutional improvement. The feeling and thinking support sub-dimension of autonomy support was the one deemed to be the most necessary and the most exhibited. This was followed by learning process support and evaluation support. There were also significant relationships between teacher leadership and learner autonomy support behaviors of teachers. In the study, such recommendations as creating a democratic school atmosphere for increasing the teacher leadership and learner autonomy support behaviors of teachers, supporting personal growth efforts,  Doç. Dr. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Kütahya-Türkiye, e-posta: kursadyilmaz@gmail.com  Doç. Dr. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Kütahya-Türkiye, e-posta: aytungaoguz@hotmail.com *** Doç. Dr. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Muğla-Türkiye, e-posta: yaltinkurt@gmail.com 660 Kürşad Yılmaz, Aytunga Oğuz, Yahya Altınkurt ISSN: 1300-5340 http://www.efdergi. hacettepe.edu. tr/ encouraging the collaboration among colleagues, and enabling them to involve in decision-making processes have been presented.
Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and QSAR studies of 2-chloro- N -arylacetamides

We describe herein the synthesis and evaluation of the antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and cytotoxicity to murine macrophages of a series of 2-chloro-N-arylacetamide derivatives. All compounds were active, except one (compound 3). Compound 5 presented the most promising results, showing good antileishmanial activity (CI50=5.39±0.67 µM) and moderate selectivity (SI=6.36), indicating that further development of this class is worthwhile. Preliminary QSAR studies, although not predictive, furnished some insights on the importance of electronic character of aryl substituent to biological activity, as well as an indirect influence of hydrophobicity on activity.