Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The composition and distribution of nodular monazite in the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Great Britain

Abstract Millimetric, ellipsoidal monazite nodules found within Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks in Wales, south-west England and Brittany are characterised by a pronounced zonation of light and heavy REE, an inclusion fabric of low-grade metamorphic minerals indistinguishable from the host rock and a low Th content. They are interpreted as the product of in situ recrystallization of detrital monazites derived from pegmatitic or granitic source rocks and are potentially useful as indicators of Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rock provenance.
“I Don't like You Any More”: Facebook Unfriending by Israelis during the Israel–Gaza Conflict of 2014

This article explores Facebook unfriending during the Israel–Gaza conflict of 2014. We suggest that politically motivated unfriending is a new kind of political gesture. We present an analysis of a survey of 1,013 Jewish Israeli Facebook users. A total of 16% of users unfriended or unfollowed a Facebook friend during the fighting. Unfriending was more prevalent among more ideologically extreme and more politically active Facebook users. Weak ties were most likely to be broken, and respondents mostly unfriended people because they took offense at what they had posted or disagreed with it. Although social network sites may expose people to diverse opinions, precisely by virtue of the many weak ties users have on them, our findings show these ties to be susceptible to dissolution.
Evaluation of Palm oil mill effluent to maize (Zea mays. L) crop: yields, tissue nutrient content and residual soil chemical properties.

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is produced in large quantities in Nigeria and is amenable to microbial degradation. Thus, represents a low-cost source of plant nutrients. This paper presents the data from two years experiments concerned with the application of aerobically-fermented POME to soils for maize (Zea mays. L) Production at Owerri. Nigeria. Maize grain yield, height, dry matter, tissue nutrient and soil residual chemical properties were evaluated. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized block in factorial arrangement. The paper describes the results of crop yields, stover and grain N, P and K content and residual organic C, N, P and pH as influenced by soil-amendment. The research demonstrated the organic-fertilizer produced higher grain yield, dry matter, and tissue nutrient content and leaves consider- able residual organic C, N and P than plots that received no amendment (control). Fermented POME could enhance maize crop production and can promote sustainable agriculture.
Monetary Policy Transmission and Macroeconomic Dynamics in Luxembourg: Results from a VAR Analysis

The aim of this work is to study the interactions between monetary policy, credit, house prices and the macroeconomy in Luxembourg using a VAR model with quarterly data in levels from 1986 to 2009. The results of the structural analysis provide valuable information concerning the monetary policy transmission mechanism, the interactions between credit and house prices, and the importance of foreign shocks for the behaviour of domestic variables. Some tentative explanations related to the particular economic and financial structures of the Luxembourg economy are moreover suggested to interprete this empirical evidence. More specifically, the structural analysis leads to the following conclusions: (1) In accordance with the existing VAR literature, a contractionary monetary policy shock leads to a temporary decrease in output and to a gradual decline in prices. (2) Monetary policy transmission to the real economy is relatively strong in Luxembourg, a result that could be associated with the variable interest rate structure of loans to the private sector, the high degree of openness and the preponderance of the financial services industry. (3) The response of credit and GDP following a residential property price shock provides some scope for the existence of a house price channel of monetary policy transmission in Luxembourg. (4) Finally, domestic variables respond strongly to foreign shocks, as evidenced by both the impulse response functions and the forecast error variance decomposition.
A Strategy for Post-crisis Growth of Madagascar Export Diversification and Economic Growth

Export diversification can lead to higher growth. Developing countries should diversify their exports since this can; for example, help them to overcome export instability or the negative impact of terms of trade in primary products. The process of economic development is typically a process of structural transformation where countries move from producing “poor-country goods” to “rich-country goods”. Export diversification does play an important role in this process. We also provide robust empirical evidence of a positive effect of export diversification on real GDP per capita.
American options with multiple priors in continuous time

We investigate American options in a multiple prior setting of continuous time and determine optimal exercise strategies form the perspective of an ambiguity averse buyer. The multiple prior setting relaxes the presumption of a known distribution of the stock price process and captures the idea of incomplete information of the market data leading to model uncertainty. Using the theory of (reflected) backward stochastic differential equations we are able to solve the optimal stopping problem under multiple priors and identify the particular worst-case scenario in terms of the worst-case prior. By means of the analysis of exotic American options we highlight the main difference to classical single prior models. This is characterized by a resulting endogenous dynamic structure of the worst-case scenario generated by model adjustments of the agent due to particular occurring events that change the agent’s beliefs.
A note on the fluxes of abiogenic methane and hydrogen from mid‐ocean ridges

The concentrations of methane and hydrogen in hydrothermal vent fluids issuing from mid‐ocean ridges tend to fall into two groups, one with high concentrations of these gases in ultramafic‐hosted vent fields and a second group with relatively lower concentrations in basalt‐hosted vent fluids. Ultramafic‐hosted systems, however, appear to be restricted to slow‐spreading ridges and constitute only a fraction of the hydrothermal systems found there. In this note, the hydrothermal fluxes of methane and hydrogen have been calculated by estimating the percentages of the total subsurface hydrothermal circulation that circulate through each type of host rock. Even though the percentage of the total subsurface flow that is affected by serpentinization appears to be rather small (8%), it still appears that this process produces about 70% of the total mid‐ocean flux of these gases. The total production of methane and hydrogen is calculated to be about 20 × 109 mol yr−1 and 190 × 109 mol yr−1, respectively. The hydrogen flux is comparable to that most recently calculated on the basis of the rate of hydration of mantle rock in newly formed crust and the stoichiometry of the serpentinization reaction. This suggests that, except for the production of methane, a major portion of the hydrogen produced in the subsurface is not consumed before venting.
The Difference between Extrovert and Introvert EFL Teachers' Classroom Management

This study was an attempt to investigate the difference between extrovert and introvert EFL teachers’ classroom management. For this purpose, 30 extrovert and 30 introvert female teachers of Gatt Language Center (GLC) and Kish Language School in Tehran were chosen among 120 female teachers who filled in Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and had more than three years of experience in teaching English and were willing to take part in this study after a briefing session. Then each teacher’s class was observed by the researcher two times with one or two-session gaps in between, and Murdoch’s (2000) Checklist was used to score each teacher’s ability in classroom management each time separately. The total score for each teacher’s classroom management was calculated based on the mean of values given to the teacher by the researcher from two observations. To find out the significant difference between extrovert and introvert EFL teachers’ classroom management, an independent sample t-test was carried out. This study revealed a significant difference between extrovert and introvert EFL teachers’ classroom management. It is found out that extrovert EFL teachers are better than introvert teachers at managing adult EFL learners’ classes.
Nonthermal phase transitions in semiconductors induced by a femtosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulse

In this paper, we present a novel theoretical approach, which allows the study of nonequilibrium dynamics of both electrons and atoms/ions within free-electron laser excited semiconductors at femtosecond time scales. The approach consists of the Monte-Carlo method treating photoabsorption, high-energy-electron and core-hole kinetics and relaxation processes. Low-energy electrons localized within the valence and conduction bands of the target are treated with a temperature equation, including source terms, defined by the exchange of energy and particles with high-energy electrons and atoms. We follow the atomic motion with the molecular dynamics method on the changing potential energy surface. The changes of the potential energy surface and of the electron band structure are calculated at each time step with the help of the tight-binding method. Such a combination of methods enables investigation of nonequilibrium structural changes within materials under extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond irradiation. Our analysis performed for diamond irradiated with an XUV femtosecond laser pulse predicts for the first time in this wavelength regime the nonthermal phase transition from diamond to graphite. Similar to the case of visible light irradiation, this transition takes place within a few tens of femtoseconds and is caused by changes of the interatomic potential induced by ultrafast electronic excitations. It thus occurs well before the heating stimulated by electron–phonon coupling starts to play a role. This allows us to conclude that this transition is nonthermal and represents a general mechanism of the response of solids to ultrafast electron excitations.
Using the Family Systems Model to Investigate the Relationship between Parental Sensitivity and Infant Attachment

This study investigates the relationship between mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and infants’ attachment relations within the context of the family. Family Systems models (crossover model and circular causal model) were used to assess the transaction of parental sensitivity across the family subsystems (i.e., motherinfant and father-infant) boundaries. Sixty-six families with infants participated in two home visits to test these models. When infants were six months old, their parents’ sensitivity was assessed using multiple measures: standardized observation, self rating (efficacy), and rating by the spouse. At 18 months, infants’ attachment security was assessed using the attachment Q-sort (Waters 1987). Parental sensitivity was found to cross the subsystem boundaries, but in a different pattern for mothers and fathers. Partial support of the crossover model was found: Higher levels of maternal sensitivity predicted a more secure infantfather attachment relationship, whereas higher levels of paternal sensitivity predicted a less secure infant-mother attachment relationship. The circular model also received partial support: A negative relationship was found between mothers’ ratings of fathers’ sensitivity and the infants’ attachment security to mothers, whereas a positive relationship was found between fathers’ ratings of the mothers’ sensitivity and infants’ attachment security to mothers.
Effect of age of dam on weight of calf in the genetic assessment of Zebu cattle in random regression models

Current analysis estimated co-variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits by random regression models taking into consideration the cow's age on the weight of calves. Genealogical data and records on weights of male and female Zebu cattle, born between 1993 and 2011, were provided by the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP). Different models were compared by Akaike and Bayesian criteria. Legendre's orthogonal polynomials were used to model the direct and maternal genetic effects of maternal and animal permanent environmental effects. Joint modeling of cow age at the moment their progenies were weighed resulted in more accurate estimates of co-variance components and genetics parameters. Co-variance functions of the cow age retrieved the dam effect on real performance of the progenies, reduced biases, improved parameter estimates and predicted breeding rates.
Grazing of Arctic under-ice amphipods on sea-ice algae

Feeding of the Arctic under-ice amphipods Apherusa glacialis. Onisimus spp. and Gammarus willutzkii on sea-ice algae was investigated in laboratory experiments. The specific ingestion rates of algal biornass declined with increasing size of the species (A . glacialis, 51; Onisimus spp., 11; G , wilkjtzkli, 2 ng chl a equival. mg-' dry mass d-l). Juveniles of Onisimus spp. and G. wilkitzkii had specific rates that were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the respective adults. Calculations of the carbon budget and observations of amphipods behaviour indicate that A. glacialis is predominantely herbivorous, whereas Onjsimus spp, are herbivorous/detritivorous, and G. wilkitzkii is herbivorous/detritivorous/carnivorous. The grazing impact on the ice-algal standing stock at the ice underside in summer, estimated for 2 different areas in the Arctic, was low (1.1 % d' in the Laptev Sea, 2.6% d' in the Greenland Sea), indicating that food is not a limiting factor in this habitat.
Bovine serum albumin-loaded chitosan/dextran nanoparticles: preparation and evaluation of ex vivo colloidal stability in serum

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles have several distinct intrinsic advantages; however, their in vivo colloidal stability in biological fluids was not fully explored especially when carrying proteins. The present study aimed to investigate their colloidal stability using an ex vivo physiological model of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human serum (HS). The stability of bovine-serum-albumin (BSA-) loaded nanoparticles was relatively higher in FBS than that in HS. Particle size of unloaded and BSA-loaded nanoparticles was statistically unchanged up to 24 h after incubation in FBS. However in HS, a significant increase in particle size from 144 ± 17 to 711 ± 22nm was observed for unloaded nanoparticles and by 2.5-fold for BSA-loaded nanoparticle, at 24 h after incubation in HS. Zeta potential of both nanoparticles was less affected by the components in FBS compared to those in HS. A remarkable swelling extent was experienced for unloaded and BSA-loaded nanoparticles in HS, up to 54 ± 4% and 44 ± 5%, respectively. Morphology of unloaded and BSA-loaded nanoparticles was varied from smooth spherical and rod shape to irregular shape when incubated in FBS; however, formagglomerates when incubated in HS. These findings therefore suggest that HS is more reactive to cause colloidal instability to the chitosan nanoparticles compared to FBS.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis among Middle Aged Women in Chitwan District of Nepal

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture, particularly of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis is a global problem which is increasing in significance as the population of the world both grows and ages. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis in Nepalese women of chitwan district and to find out the correlation between bone mass density (BMD) and demographic variables like age, body mass index (BMI) and menopause. The study was conducted at orthopedic department of chitwan medical college teaching hospital and study population consisted of 200 premenopausal and postmenopausal women with ages 40 years and above who were residences of chitwan district. Finding showed that 52.5% of the respondents were between the ages of 40 to 50 years and 11.5% of respondents were between the ages of 60 to 70 years. Also, there is significant correlation between bone mineral density and age (p=0.000), which showed that osteoporosis increased with advancing age. Furthermore, there is significant association between osteoporosis and bone mineral density (p=0.008). As BMD increases, risk of developing osteoporosis is high. Similarly there is significant correlation between bone mineral density and menopause (p=0.0002). In conclusion, risk of developing osteoporosis is high in menopausal women than non menopausal and it is therefore necessary to create awareness among women from Nepalese subcontinent, irrespective of their geographic location, about the risk of osteoporosis.
Screening and quantification of phytochemicals in the leaves and flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. - a near threatened medicinal plant

The present investigation is aimed to screen and quantify the phytochemicals present in the leaves and flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. (Family-Apocynaceae). Various phytochemicals distributed in the leaves and flowers of this plant were extracted by shake flask method, screened and quantified by standard protocols. The phytochemical analysis of different solvent extracts of t he leaves and flowers revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars and saponins. Phlobatannins was absent in both the parts. The chloroform extract of leaf and flower contained 58.5± 1.5 mg/g tissue and 1.5± 0.5 mg/g tissue of phytosterols, respectively. Alkaloid content was found to be 14.6± 1.7 mg/g tissue and 7.9± 0.85 mg/g tissue, in leaf and flower, respectively. Flavonoid content was observed to be 4.3± 0.17 mg/g tissue and 1.2± 0.13 mg/g tissue, in both the parts, respectively. Most of the phytochemicals were found in the leaves and flowers. High content of sterols, moderate distribution of alkaloids and low amount of flavonoids were observed in both the parts. Moreover, studies proved that the methanol and ethanol were the best solvents for the extraction of the phytochemicals.
Parallel Ecological Speciation in Plants

Populations that have independently evolved reproductive isolation from their ancestors while remaining reproductively cohesive have undergone parallel speciation. A specific type of parallel speciation, known as parallel ecological speciation, is one of several forms of evidence for ecology's role in speciation. In this paper we search the literature for candidate examples of parallel ecological speciation in plants. We use four explicit criteria (independence, isolation, compatibility, and selection) to judge the strength of evidence for each potential case. We find that evidence for parallel ecological speciation in plants is unexpectedly scarce, especially relative to the many well-characterized systems in animals. This does not imply that ecological speciation is uncommon in plants. It only implies that evidence from parallel ecological speciation is rare. Potential explanations for the lack of convincing examples include a lack of rigorous testing and the possibility that plants are less prone to parallel ecological speciation than animals.
Modeling and Extraction of Parameters Based on Physical Effects in Bipolar Transistors

The rising complexity of electronic systems, the reduction of components size, and the increment of working frequencies demand every time more accurate and stable integrated circuits, which require more precise simulation programs during the design process. PSPICE, widely used to simulate the general behavior of integrated circuits, does not consider many of the physical effects that can be found in real devices. Compact models, HICUM and MEXTRAM, have been developed over recent decades, in order to eliminate this deficiency. This paper presents some of the physical aspects that have not been studied so far, such as the expression of base-emitter voltage, including the emitter emission coefficient effect (), physical explanation and simulation procedure, as well as a new extraction method for the diffusion potential , based on the forward biased base-emitter capacitance, showing excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
Germination and Early Growth Assessment of Tamarindus indica L in Sokoto State, Nigeria

Germination and early growth assessment of Tamarindus indica L. were conducted to determine the suitable medium for germination and seedlings establishment of the species in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The viable seeds of the study species were treated with Conc. H2SO4 for 30 minutes and boiling water for one hour and by soaking in water at room temperature for 12 hours. The treated seeds were placed in Petri dishes containing filter paper for germination assessment. The results indicated 68–95% germination of T. indica seeds within 3–19 days. Conc. H2SO4 treatment gave the highest germination percentage of 95%. T. indica seeds were treated with Conc. H2SO4 for 30 minutes and sown into four (4) different potting mixtures for early growth assessment. Collar diameter, seedlings height, and leaf number were the parameters measured. Seedlings grown in the mixture of river sand and cow dung (2 : 1) had the highest seedlings height and leaf number, while the highest collar diameter was obtained from seedlings grown in the mixture of river sand and poultry droppings (2 : 1). However, growing T. indica in the mixture of river sand and cow dung (2 : 1) after 30 minutes pretreatment was recommended.
A direct forcing immersed boundary method employed with compact integrated RBF approximations for heat transfer and fluid flow problems

In this paper, we present a numerical scheme, based on the direct forcing immersed boundary (DFIB) approach and compact integrated radial basis function (CIRBF) approximations, for solving the Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions. The problem domain of complicated shape is embedded in a Cartesian grid containing Eulerian nodes. Non-slip conditions on the inner boundaries, represented by Lagrangian nodes, are imposed by means of the DFIB method, in which a smoothed version of the discrete delta functions is utilised to transfer the physical quantities between two types of nodes. The velocities and pressure variables are approximated locally on Eulerian nodes using 3-node CIRBF stencils, where first- and second-order derivative values of the field variables are also included in the RBF approximations. The present DFIB-CIRBF scheme is verified through the solution of several test problems including Taylor-Green vortices, rotational flow, lid-driven cavity flow with multiple solid bodies, flow between rotating circular and fixed square cylinders, and natural convection in an eccentric annulus between two circular cylinders. Numerical results obtained using relatively coarse grids are in good agreement with available data in the literature.