Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ProVerif 1.85: Automatic Cryptographic Protocol Verifier, User Manual and Tutorial

This manual describes the ProVerif software package version 1.87beta. Additional information can be found in the research paper, in the file docs/paper.pdf in this distribution. ProVerif is a tool for automatically analyzing the security of cryptographic protocols. In particular, ProVerif is capable of proving observational equivalence between processes. The aim of this beta is to extend the class of equivalences that ProVerif handles. As such, this beta can only take input file with an equivalence query. Any other query has been disabled. Moreover, only typed processes are allowed in this beta. All these restrictions will be lifted in the next stable release.
Stacking Approach to Temporal Relation Classification with Temporal Inference

Traditional machine-learning-based approaches to temporal relation classiﬁcation use only local features, i.e., those relating to a speciﬁc pair of temporal entities (events and temporal expressions), and thus fail to incorporate useful information that could be inferred from nearby entities. In this paper, we use timegraphs and stacked learning to perform temporal inference for classiﬁcation in the temporal relation classiﬁcation task. In our model, we predict a temporal relation by considering the consistency of possible relations between nearby entities. Performing 10-fold cross-validation on the Timebank corpus, we achieve an F1 score of 60.25% using a graph-based evaluation, which is 0.90 percentage points higher than that of the local approach, outperforming other proposed systems.
Virtual Society?: Technology, Cyberbole, Reality

1. Introduction: Five Rules of Virtuality 2. They Came, They Surfed, They Went Back to the Beach: Conceptualizing Use and Non-use of the Internet 3. Visualization Needs Vision: The Pre-paradigmatic Character of Virtual Reality 4. How Social is Internet Communication? A Reappraisal of Bandwidth and Anonymity Effects 5. New Public Places for Internet Access: Networks for Practice-Based Learning and Social Inclusion 6. Allegories of Creative Destruction: Technology and Organization in Narratives of the e-Economy 7. Confronting Electronic Surveillance: Desiring and Resisting New Technologies 8. Getting Real about Surveillance and Privacy at Work 9. Virtual Society and the Cultural Practice of Study 10. The Reality of Virtual Social Support 11. Real and Virtual Connectivity: New Media in London 12. Presence, Absence, and Accountability: Email and the Mediation of Organizational Memory 13. Inside the Bubble: Communion, Cognition, and Deep Play at the Intersection of Wall Street and Cyberspace 14. The Day-to-Day Work of Standardization: A Sceptical Note on the Reliance on IT in a Retail Bank 15. Cotton to Computers: From Industrial to Information Revolutions 16. Mobile Society? Technology, Distance, and Presence 17. Abstraction and Decontextualization: An Anthropological Comment
Scalable and adaptive goal recognition

Goal recognition is the task of inferring people's goals based on observing them try to achieve their goals. In software domains, goal recognition can be used to enhance automatic help systems and enable software agents to assist people with their current tasks. Traditionally, research in plan and goal recognition has investigated examples containing less than one hundred plans and goals. We present three novel methods, based on work in machine learning and planning, for scaling up goal recognition to handle on the order of 100,000 candidate goals. First, we show how to automatically construct the plan library from domain primitives, a task previously performed by hand by a human expert. Second, we present compact representations and efficient algorithms for goal recognition. Third, we describe an unsupervised learning algorithm that allows a goal recognizer to adapt to an individual's idiosyncratic behaviors given a sample of that person's recent behavior. We identify a class of goals for which the goal recognition algorithm requires space and time that is logarithmic in the number of goals. We report on experiments that show our prototype implementation to be fast and show that adaptation can improve goal recognition, in terms of accuracy and coverage, by a factor of two to three over unadapted recognition.
The Effect of Background Knowledge on Children’s Comprehension

In this study, we examined whether readers use different processing strategies for different texts. Seventeen sixth-grade primary school students participated. Each participant completed a think-aloud process and a free-recall process by reading two texts. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated that the comprehension strategies of the readers changed according to the text being processed. When the readers processed a text about which they had strong background knowledge, they could monitor their comprehension process more efficiently and render a more coherent reconstruction of the texts.
Principles for Reducing Extraneous Processing in Multimedia Learning: Coherence, Signaling, Redundancy, Spatial Contiguity and Temporal Contiguity Principles.

The term multimedia principle refers to the robust research finding that learning with words and pictures is more effective than learning with words alone. It should be noted that the multimedia principle refers generally to the (positive) impact of visual and verbal information on learning outcomes. However, basic principles and advanced principles of multimedia learning have been synthesized that provide a more nuanced approach to understanding how multimedia materials can be formatted for optimal impact and how learner strategies and processes can combine with multimedia materials to determine learning outcomes. That is, the multimedia principle provides a context for work that examines when, how, why, and under what conditions the multimedia principle applies. Research findings demonstrating the multimedia principle are consistent with the predictions of cognitive models of multimedia learning. Implications for instructional design and directions for future research are also discussed.
A simulation model for a centralized multihop packet radio network

This paper presents the simulation model of a centralized multihop packet radio network, which operates under a non-persistent CSMA channel access protocol. Data extracted from the simulations are analyzed to find the optimum transmission radii of units that, maximizes the single hop packet progress, while minimizing the interference created by the hidden terminals. The solution is obtained considering the limitations introduced by the usage of this network in a real-time flash-flood prediction system. These limitations include the allocation of a single radio channel for carrying both information and acknowledgment traffic; and the selection of the shortest route to carry information from source to destination. Conclusions are drawn by matching the results with those obtained from a previously performed mathematical analysis of the same network. <<ETX>>
Efficiency of AAL2 for voice transport: simulation comparison with AAL1 and AAL5

We evaluate the efficiency of AAL2 for voice transport in ATM networks using a simulation approach. After highlighting some of the general characteristics of AAL2, we adopt as the QoS requirement a bound on the K/sup th/ percentile delay in the AAL transmitter. We then determine the maximum number of homogeneous voice sources of a given bit rate that can be supported on a given bandwidth without violating this QoS requirement for AAL1, AAL2 and AAL5. Comparisons with simple analytical approximations are also provided. We conclude that AAL2 can support approximately 5 times as many 8 kb/s voice users as either AAL1 or AAL5, but all AALs can support approximately the same number of 64 kb/s users.
Optimal replication of location information in mobile networks

An important issue in the design of future personal communication services (PCS) networks is the efficient management of location information. In this paper, we consider a distributed database architecture for location management in which update and query loads of the individual databases are balanced. An important issue to consider in load balanced location management algorithms is the number of databases a mobile host's location information is updated in. To have the same replication for all mobiles is not optimal. In this paper we present a dynamic load balanced algorithm which replicates mobile hosts according to their level of activity. We analyze the algorithms and derive expressions for the cost of the algorithm. We compare the algorithm with an existing algorithm and show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Online databases as research support and the role of librarians in their promotion: The case of Croatia

Abstract The main aim of this study was to determine the extent to which Croatian university teachers use online databases as a research support tool, and what role librarians have in their promotion. Although the results show that within Croatian higher education online databases are widely acknowledged as important, they are used less frequently than in many other countries, especially more developed ones. The differences in online database perception between certain user groups were also tested. The study has revealed the problems in database usage and indicated the ways in which librarians can respond to users’ needs more efficiently and effectively.
Rigor and relevance: careers on the line

This case was originally published as part of a "hypertext" paper: King, J.L. and Applegate, L.M. , "Crisis in the Case Study Crisis: Marginal Diminishing Returns to Scale in the QuantiativeQualitative Research Debate," Information Systems and Qualitative Research (ed. Allen Lee, Jonathon Liebenau, andJan DeGross), Chapman Publishing, 1997. The paper and case are also available online at: www.hbs. edu/applegate/ cases/research.
The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence as a Reference Discipline for Decision Support Systems Research

It is timely and appropriate to examine both philosophical and pragmatical issues associated with formalizing the adoption of artificial intelligence as a reference discipline for decision support systems research. This paper reflects on where we were when the first special issue of Decision Sciences on expert systems and decision support systems was published, addresses the dynamics of what has taken place subsequent to the publication of that first special issue, sets forth a proposition to stimulate ongoing dialog with respect to synergies between the decision support system research agenda and the research agenda of the artificial intelligence discipline, and demonstrates how the papers appearing in this follow-up special issue of Decision Sciences are representative of an emerging, challenging, and exciting new decision support systems era.
The delivery of business courses via the African Virtual University: a case study

In this case study the delivery of business courses as a result of the partnership between the African Virtual University (AVU) and Curtin University in Western Australia is described. From 2004 to 2008, degree and diploma business courses were delivered using WebCT in the four AVU partner locations: Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia), Kigali Institute of Science & Technology (Rwanda), Kenyatta University (Kenya) and University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). In spite of significant hurdles that made delivery of the business courses challenging, 188 students graduated as a result of this initiative. This case study is significant because it describes the outcomes of an AVU Phase 2 initiative.
Principles of Effective Web-Based Content for Secondary School Students: Teacher and Developer Perceptions

In this article, I describe findings from a study of the perceptions of course developers and electronic teachers on the principles of effective asynchronous web-based content design for secondary school students. Through interviews, participants’ perceptions of various web-based components and instructional strategies, and the effectiveness of both based upon the experiences of the participants were investigated in a virtual high school context for the purpose of generating a list of guidelines that future course developers might utilize.
Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity Techniques—Overview and New Results

We present an overview of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems followed by some of the new techniques proposed by us to enhance performance. Firstly, some of the popular transmit and receive diversity schemes available in the literature are discussed and issues like diversity, rate, power distribution, decoding complexity, decoding delay, amount of feedback and feedback delay and their tradeoffs to achieve reliable and cost effective communications are described. We then analyze the merits and demerits of some of the open-loop (no feedback) and closed-loop (with feedback) schemes, and discuss various methods proposed by us recently to improve the performance of such schemes. The symbol error rate (SER) performance of the various schemes are compared through computer simulations.
Hypertext and the Study Strategies of Preservice Teachers: Issues in Instructional Hypertext Design

It is a methodological challenge to study students' review of their lecture notes. First, the quality of their notes may vary considerably. Second, students review their notes with little monitoring or feedback. A hypertext program monitored the lecture note review strategies of individuals and dyads following two lectures about tests and measurements. It noted which concepts students sought at what level of detail, which content themes they favored, and which relationships among topics they pursued. Dyads' strategies were more comprehensive than the individuals' and were more directed at extracting elaborative and hierarchically structured information. The study replicated earlier findings that students did not learn well from lectures. This study also demonstrated how computers may aid in data collection in educational settings.
A framework for performance evaluation of self-organising networks

This paper proposes a qualitative framework of performance measures for evaluating the performance of self-organising radio networks, aimed at capturing the important behavioural aspects of the self-organisation process, in a way that should prove useful to both network users and network operators. Where the proposed measures have previously been shown to be useful, appropriate references are cited and discussed.
EA-MTSP: Efficient Authentication for Multiple Third-Party Service Providers in Smart Grids

ABSTRACT With the evolution of traditional power grids into smart grids, utilities alone cannot yet provide all electricity services and thus third-party service providers (SPs) are required to help in service provision. Therefore, it is critical to secure third-party service provisions in smart grids. In particular, authentication is required to be done in the first place. However, authentication for multiple third-party SPs has not been well studied in smart grids. In this paper, we model the third-party service provision in smart grids for the first time which can capture specific cyber security threats with the existence of multiple third-party SPs. Furthermore, we propose an efficient authentication scheme for multiple third-party SPs. Security analysis shows that our scheme can achieve multiserver authentication, conditional anonymity, and other important security goals. Performance evaluation demonstrates that our scheme is well suited for smart meters (SMs) with limited resources, and each user only needs to do one registration for multiple SPs thus it has low communication overhead.
Steps towards Multi-Party Dialogue Management

The aim of this work is to enable the construction of artificial conversational agents capable of working in a multi-party setting. By an artificial conversational agent we mean a software agent (possibly with embodiment, personality etc.), capable of engaging in conversation with other conversational agents (human or artificial). By a multi-party setting we mean that more than two agents are engaged in the communication or dialogue. Components designed for two-party dialogue management including sequencing and turn management cannot, in general, handle multi-party dialogue phenomena, such as keeping track of the obligations regarding turn management and the rights and obligations to address an issue. We present an SCXML implementation of Issue-Based Dialogue Management, scaled up to handle more than two participants. The QUD-based dialogue manager makes a distinction between distributive questions (to be answered individually by each addressee) and collective questions (to be answered by the addressees collectively), in order to provide the right kind of grounding behaviour and in order to manage correctly the obligations put on the participants of the dialogue. The dialogue manager also features an SCXML implementation of the SSJ turn management model. We find that it is possible to scale up the Issue-Based Dialogue Management model from twoparty to multi-party dialogues, given that distributive and collective readings of questions can be identified.
Supporting new students from vocational education and training: Finding a reusable solution to address recurring learning difficulties in e-learning

This paper reports on a project that investigated the first year, online experiences of vocational education and training (VET) pathway students studying at university. It was found that, although some students embraced online learning, more than twenty percent of new VET students suffered from high levels of anxiety and frustration when learning online and more than 40% of students also reported difficulties in balancing work and study. In order to address these problems, this paper presents a reusable solution by introducing these new students to an education technology preparation (ETP) program. Student feedback on the ETP program shows a significant improvement in confidence and attitudes towards learning online. We suggest that online learning offers greater flexibility to time-poor students but only if they are confident and competent users of the online systems. We argue that it is dangerous to assume that all new students have the necessary online skills to study effectively in their first year at university. This leads to two implications. Firstly, in practice, it is crucial to provide new students from the VET sector with a well-designed online learning support program. Secondly, in institutional policy, it is imperative to ensure that such support is adequately resourced.
2-Amino-7-methoxy-3-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)­chromenium perchlorate

In the title compound, C18H16N3O2+·ClO4−, the almost planar cation contains bicyclic chromenone and benz­imidazole moieties, which are rotated slightly relative to each other. The positive charge of the cation is located on the pyrilium ring and causes noticeable aromatization of the O—C and C—C bonds. One of the H atoms of the amino group is involved in an intramolecular hydrogen bond which closes the six-membered pseudo-ring in the cation. The second H atom of the amino group participates in a hydrogen bond with one of the O atoms of the perchlorate anion.
Second Language Acquisition: Contents

Preface Part I. The Process of Language Acquisition: 1. Some forms of language acquisition, some fundamental facts, some focal issues, some well-known theories 2. Six dimensions of language acquisition 3. Some consequences for foreign language instructions Part II. From the Learner's Point of View: 4. The learner's four tasks 5. The problem of analysis 6. The problem of synthesis 7. The embedding problem 8. The matching problem Conclusion Notes References Index of names Index of subjects.
A Four‐Channel Laser Array with Four 10 Gbps Monolithic EAMs Each Integrated with a DBR Laser

A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser and a high speed electroabsorption modulator (EAM) are integrated on the basis of the selective area growth technique. The typical threshold current is 4 to 6 mA, and the side mode suppression ratio is over 40 dB with single mode operation at 1550 nm. The DBR laser exhibits 2.5 to 3.3 mW fiber output power at a laser gain current of 100 mA, and a modulator bias voltage of 0 V. The 3 dB bandwidth is 13 GHz. A 10 Gbps non‐return to zero operation with 12 dB extinction ratio is obtained. A four‐channel laser array with 100 GHz wavelength spacing was fabricated and its operation at the designed wavelength was confirmed.
Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci

"An atlas devoted exclusively to the anatomical descriptions and relationships of the cortical sulci has not previously been published. Ostensibly, it would seem an insurmountable task to classify the myriad sulcal patterns that exist upon the cortical surface. However, basic recurring themes can be identified in general terms, and trends in individual variabilities can be categorized". Chad D. Abernathey, M.D.
Corneal Wound Healing Requires IKB kinase β Signaling in Keratocytes

IkB kinase β (IKKβ) is a key signaling kinase for inflammatory responses, but it also plays diverse cell type-specific roles that are not yet fully understood. Here we investigated the role of IKKβ in the cornea using IkkβΔCS mice in which the Ikkβ gene was specifically deleted in the corneal stromal keratocytes. The IkkβΔCS corneas had normal morphology, transparency and thickness; however, they did not heal well from mild alkali burn injury. In contrast to the IkkβF/F corneas that restored transparency in 2 weeks after injury, over 50% of the IkkβΔCS corneas failed to fully recover. They instead developed recurrent haze with increased stromal thickness, severe inflammation and apoptosis. This pathogenesis correlated with sustained myofibroblast transformation with increased α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, higher levels of senescence β-Gal activity and scar tissue formation at the late stage of wound healing. In addition, the IkkβΔCS corneas displayed elevated expression of hemo-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a marker of oxidative stress, and activation of stress signaling pathways with increased JNK, c-Jun and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. These data suggest that IKKβ in keratocytes is required to repress oxidative stress and attenuate fibrogenesis and senescence in corneal wound healing.
Quantitative determinants of prefabs: A corpus-based, experimental study of multiword units in the lexicon

In recent years many researchers have been rethinking the ‘Words and Rules’ model of syntax (Pinker 1999), instead arguing that language processing relies on a large number of preassembled multiword units, or ‘prefabs’ (Bolinger 1976). A usage-based perspective predicts that linguistic units, including prefabs, arise via repeated use, and prefabs should thus be associated with the frequency with which words co-occur (Langacker 1987). Indeed, in several recent experiments, corpus analysis is found to be associated with behavioral measures for multiword sequences (Kapatsinski and Radicke 2009, Ellis and Simpson-Vlach 2009). This dissertation supplements such findings with two new psycholinguistic investigations of prefabs. Study 1 revisits a dictation experiment by Schmitt et al. (2004), in which participants are asked to listen to stretches of speech and repeat the input verbatim, after performing a distractor task intended to encourage reliance on prefabs. I describe the results of an updated experiment which demonstrates that participants are less likely to interrupt or partially alter high-frequency multiword sequences. Although the original study by Schmitt et al. (2004) reported null findings, the revised methodology suggests that frequency indeed plays a role in the creation of prefabs. Study 2 investigates the