Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of friendship among adolescents with autism spectrum conditions in a mainstream high school resource provision

Abstract Establishing and maintaining friendships is frequently challenging for young people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, few studies have explored influences on friendship development, meaning that knowledge of friendship formation processes remains limited at a critical point in social development. As friendship can impact on well-being and the success of educational inclusion, addressing this issue is important and timely. This study explores friendship among adolescents with ASC, and in particular the meaning and nature of friendship, including perceived influences on its development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants: three adolescent students with ASC, a parent of each student and key teachers. Students were found to have an understanding of friendship, although parents often felt it was theoretical and did not correlate with their own experiences. All of the students expressed a desire for friendship and reported having experienced loneliness. Friendships tended to centre on structured activities such as computer games, which provided both support and obstacles for friendship development. Further individual and contextual influences included levels of maturity, understanding of social rules, school environment and peer acceptance. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to research and practice in educational settings.
Phytochemical constituents of some selected medicinal plants

Tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and glycosides distribution in four medicinal plants belonging to different families were investigated and compared. The medicinal plants investigated were Carica papaya, Ocimum gratissimum, Adenia cissampeloides and C ymbopogan citratus. All the plants were found to contain tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and carbohydrates while anthraquinones were absent in all. Alkaloids were absent only in O. gratissimum and C. citratus . Glycosides were absent only in C. papaya, saponins were absent only in O. gratissimum while phlobatannins were absent only in C. citratus . Extraction of oils was carried out by solvent extraction and steam distillation methods and the percentage yield of extracts by each method was determined. Solvent extraction method gave percentage yield of 7.40, 6.30, 6.75 and 5.63% for C. papaya, O. gratissimum, A. cissampeloides and C. citratus respectively. For steam distillation, C. papaya, O. gratissimum, A. cissampeloides and C. citratus gave percentage yield of 5.60, 5.80, 5.44 and 3.82% respectively. The significance of the plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of these chemical constituents were discussed with respect to the role of these plants in ethnomedicine in Nigeria. Key words: Ethnomedicine, medicinal plants, natural products, phytochemicals.
Effects of Na2CO3 on seed germination, seed reserve utilizationand seedling growth in bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.)

Alkalinity is one of the main limiting factors of seed germination in alkaline soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na2CO3 levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mM) on seed germination, seed reserve utilization and seedling vigour of three local bitter vetch cultivars (Buinzahra, Shahreza and Tarom). The results indicated that increasing Na2CO3 concentrations caused a decrease in germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), seedling length, seedling dry weight (SLDW) and seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE). The rate of reduction in shoot length in comparison with the control in different concentrations of Na2CO3 was detected from Buinzahra as 30-92%, Shahreza 39-97% and Tarom 13-83%. Decrease in root length was more than shoot length in all the cultivars at each Na2CO3 level, as compared to the control. The weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR) and seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) decreased with increasing Na2CO3 levels up to 10 mM in Buinzahra and Tarom cultivars and up to 15 mM in Shahreza. WMSR and SRDP then rapidly raised with higher alkalinity levels. These results suggest that reduction of seed germination and decline in seedling dry weight in response to alkalinity stress is a consequence of decline in seed reserve utilization efficiency.
Impact of Tax Administration Towards Government Revenue in Tanzania- Case of Dar-es Salaam Region

Purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of tax administration on government revenue in Tanzania- case of Dar es Salaam region. This study is more scientific and effective, whereby questionnaires have been used to access the required information. Researcher has been able to collect information from 85 respondents out of 100 targeted respondents from the area of the study. Findings of this study have been analyzed and reveal that, Good tax design, Effective tax policy and laws, Tax administrative structure, Tax collection methods, Proper use of computerized system of maintaining taxpayer Register, Outsourcing revenue collections to private tax collectors, Internal and external capacity building, Intensive coordination with other entities and Proper maintenance of taxpayer’s records are the main factors that enhance effective tax administration in Tanzania. It is concluded that Corruption practices on taxation issues, lack of awareness of Local Tax payers, political pressure to relax tax collections, ineffective tax laws and policies, Insufficient budget or funds, High rate of Tax evasion and avoidance, Outsourced revenue retained by Revenue collectors, lack of tax compliance, are the challenges facing tax administration in Tanzania. Also concluded that eradication of the mentioned challenges above effects/results to, Adequate tax collections, Efficient tax system, High tax compliance by tax payers, Attainment of revenue targets, Increase in tax bases and declined cost of revenue collection, Minimum Tax evasion and avoidance, and High service delivery capability are the impacts that result from Tax administration. Researcher has recommended for the following to be done on the way forward:-Emphasis has to be put on the tax laws and policies mechanism to be reviewed time to time in order to save the purpose due to the prevailing situation, international tax environments, and the changes on the technology on tax administration. Efforts should be put on improving the tax payer’s convenience in the assessment and payment process whilst at the same time entrenching effective and modern human resource management practices in the tax authorities in respect to vetting, recruitment and selection of employees. Tax collection Authorities should ensure that all revenue receivables are paid promptly into designated bank accounts and failure to do so within the stipulated period of time should attract to the severe penalties to the officers concerned.
Relative Income and Life Satisfaction of Turkish Immigrants: The Impact of a Collectivistic Culture

This study examines the effects of social comparison with a wide range of reference groups on the life satisfaction of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. For two sets of ethnic and life-domain reference groups, results are obtained that deviate from the findings of recent studies and that suggest the impact of the collectivistic subculture of the Turkish immigrants. Perceived importance of income comparison with Dutch natives is positively correlated to life satisfaction, supporting an interpretation of this comparison as a positive emancipatory stimulus in the pursuit of self-improvement of the Turkish immigrants. Perceived importance of income comparison with relatives in the Netherlands is positively correlated to life satisfaction as well, which can be interpreted in terms of an underlying feeling of connectedness with one's relatives. On the other hand, Turkish immigrants who have a higher household income than relatives are significantly less satisfied with their life, suggesting the unattractiveness of deviating too much from one's relatives. For other reference groups some interesting results are obtained as well.
INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS IN JET DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM PLASMAS

The observation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in which ion thermal diffusivity is reduced to a neoclassical level has been made for the first time in tokamak plasmas fueled with deuterium and tritium ions using a broad current density profile. The heating and current profiles required to obtain an ITB are similar in D-T and D-D plasmas. Central ion temperatures of 40 keV and plasma pressure gradients of ${10}^{6}\mathrm{Pa}/\mathrm{m}$ were observed in a D-T plasma, leading to a fusion triple product ${n}_{i}{T}_{i}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{E}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.10}^{21}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{keV}\mathrm{s}$ and 8.2 MW of fusion power. There is potential for further optimization as a step towards the development of efficient tokamak fusion reactors.
Gold-black coatings for freestanding pyroelectric detectors

We describe the process of depositing gold-black on thin, freestanding pyroelectric detector substrates and compare this with previous work documented in the literature. We have evaluated gold-black coatings on thin, freestanding pyroelectric detector substrates by means of scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer reflectance, and spectral responsivity measurements. Spectrophotometric measurements indicate that reflectance at normal incidence varies by less than 1% at wavelengths shorter than 2.5 µm and by less than 10% at 10 µm. These results are correlated with the spectral responsivity of the detector and demonstrate that radiation not reflected by the gold-black is absorbed by the detector element. We have evaluated gold-black coatings as a function of position at two wavelengths and found variations of less than 1% at 1.25 µm and less than 5% at 10.3 µm, which demonstrates that spatial uniformity can be coating dependent. Gold-black coatings exposed to a 193 nm wavelength excimer laser were evaluated by visual inspection for damage and determined to have a damage threshold of approximately 38 mJ cm−2.
Evaluation of the Water Quality Pollution Indices for Groundwater Resources of Ghahavand Plain, Hamadan Province, Western Iran

Background: Due to the increasing pollution of water resources, this study was carried out for evaluation of water quality pollution indices for monitoring of heavy metals (As, Zn, Pb and Cu) contamination in Ghahavand Plain, Hamadan Province, Western Iran during spring and summer 2012. Methods: Totally, 20 ground water wells were chosen randomly. The samples were filtered (0.45 μm) and maintained cool in polyethylene bottles. Samples were taken for the analysis of metals, the former was acidified with HNO3 to pH lower than 2. Metal concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. Results: The mean values of Contamination index (Cd), Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and Heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) in samples for spring season were -2.27, 9.01 and 1.73 respectively and in samples for summer season were -1.95, 8.69 and 2.04 respectively. It indicates low contamination levels. Comparing the mean concentrations of the evaluated metals with WHO permissible limits showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mean concentrations of the metals were significantly lower than the permissible limits. Although the heavy metal pollution of the ground water in Ghahavand Plain is lower than WHO permissible limits, but severe precautions consideration such as manage the use of agricultural inputs, prevention of use of wastewater and sewage sludge in agriculture, control of overuse of organic fertilizers and establishment of pollutant industries are recommended in this area.
Experimental investigations on built-up cold-formed steel beams connected by resistance spot welding

The WELLFORMED research project, ongoing at the CEMSIG Research Center of the Politehnica University of Timisoara, proposes to study a new technological solution for built-up beams made of corrugated steel sheets for the web and thin-walled cold-formed steel profiles for the flanges, connected by resistance spot welding. Within the research project, the experimental work includes tensile-shear tests on the lap joint spot-welded specimens, were different combinations of steel sheets with various thicknesses were tested and, tests on full scale beams in bending. The study intends to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solutions, to assess their performance and to enlarge the knowledge by using numerical simulations for the optimization of the current solution and to define the limits of the solution’s applicability.
First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in common kestrel falcon (Falco tinnunculus) in Egypt

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) poses threats to animal and human health worldwide. A common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) was submitted to Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Zagazig University, Egypt. It exhibited torticollis, incoordination, and inability to stand. Conjunctivitis and crust formation were seen. Postmortem findings revealed congestion in internal organs and greenish content in gizzard. No avian pox virus was detected in cutaneous lesions neither in histopathological sections nor in PCR. The presence of HPAIV H5N1 was confirmed by both virus isolation and RT-PCR. The mean death time of virus in chicken embryo is 36.2 hours. Influenza A virus antigen was detected in renal glomerular tufts and neurons of the submucosal plexus of the intestine of falcon by IHC. This paper describes the isolation of HPAIV H5N1 in falcon with systemic infection suggests that common kestrel falcon can be susceptible to HPAIV and could be a source of infection to other birds and human.
An Eco-Technological Approach to Handcraft Production. Two Cases in the Colombian Caribbean Region

in wood carving and weaving with Iraca fibres” with the rural communities of Galapa and Usiacuri, located in the Colombian Caribbean region. We centered our analysis on the productive reality of the artisan communities, for which we sought the relations between the variables associated to the local technology. We worked using participatory methodologies. The eco-technological model we obtained reveals the complexity of the key relations existing among the artisan groups in order to achieve an appropriate productivity level. We concluded that the global economic challenges for the rural artisans calls for a technological productivity based on the sustainable use of the natural resources that is necessary for the handcraft production.
Re-thinking science capital: the role of ‘capital’ and ‘identity’ in mediating students’ engagement with mathematically demanding programmes at university

A wide body of literature has highlighted how high achievement in mathematics in secondary school does not necessarily motivate students to both choose and succeed on mathematically demanding programmes at post-compulsory level. The recent Enterprising Science project (Archer et al. (2015, J. Res. Sci. Teach., 52, 922–948)) and before that, the ASPIRES project (Archer et al. (2013, London: Kings College)), have both highlighted that access to science capital is perhaps more important than prior achievement in shaping students’ aspirations and their future trajectories in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. In this article, we critically analyse the notion of science capital and its role in mediating students’ choice of and experience of studying mathematically demanding degree programmes at university. Drawing on data from the TransMaths project, we present two cases—Stacey and Elton—who are both enrolled on the same ‘Mathematics for Physics’ course at university. We show that although both discuss access to science capital in narrating their choice of degree, they do so in different ways and this invariably interplays with different forms of identification with ‘Mathematics for Physics’. We conclude that there is a need to re-conceptualize science capital so that the dialectic relationship between its exchange and use value is theorized more fully. Whilst some students may access science capital as a means to accumulate capital (e.g. qualifications) for its own sake (exchange value), others appear to recognize the ‘use value’ of science learning and knowledge and this produces different forms of engagement with science (and mathematics). We therefore argue that authoring oneself in the name of a STEM identity is crucial in mediating how one perceives science capital. Finally, we argue that mathematics should be a central part of this framework since it significantly contributes to the exchange value of science as a form of capital (especially Physics), but it also offers use value in scientific labour (e.g. in modelling scientific problems).
Short-term metabolic and growth responses of the cold-water coral lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification

Cold-water corals are associated with high local biodiversity, but despite their importance as ecosystem engineers, little is known about how these organisms will respond to projected ocean acidification. Since preindustrial times, average ocean pH has decreased from 8.2 to ~8.1, and predicted CO2 emissions will decrease by up to another 0.3 pH units by the end of the century. This decrease in pH may have a wide range of impacts upon marine life, and in particular upon calcifiers such as cold-water corals. Lophelia pertusa is the most widespread cold-water coral (CWC) species, frequently found in the North Atlantic. Here, we present the first short-term (21 days) data on the effects of increased CO2 (750 ppm) upon the metabolism of freshly collected L. pertusa from Mingulay Reef Complex, Scotland, for comparison with net calcification. Over 21 days, corals exposed to increased CO2 conditions had significantly lower respiration rates (11.4±1.39 SE, µmol O2 g−1 tissue dry weight h−1) than corals in control conditions (28.6±7.30 SE µmol O2 g−1 tissue dry weight h−1). There was no corresponding change in calcification rates between treatments, measured using the alkalinity anomaly technique and 14C uptake. The decrease in respiration rate and maintenance of calcification rate indicates an energetic imbalance, likely facilitated by utilisation of lipid reserves. These data from freshly collected L. pertusa from the Mingulay Reef Complex will help define the impact of ocean acidification upon the growth, physiology and structural integrity of this key reef framework forming species.
Migration and Agglomeration with Knowledge Spillovers

In this paper, a Grossman-Helpman-Romer-type endogenous growth model is developed with two regions in which there are mobile workers and linkage between consumption goods and differentiated intermediate goods. The economy has the potential to reach the following spatial configuration: full agglomeration, partial agglomeration, and segmented agglomeration. In perfect agglomeration, the innovation sector and intermediate goods sector agglomerate in one region. In partial agglomeration, intermediate goods firms partially agglomerate in the region where the innovation sector agglomerates perfectly. In segmented agglomeration, the innovation sector agglomerates in the region where both intermediate goods sector and final good sector do not agglomerate perfectly. In addition, we show the comparison of the welfare of skilled workers in each steady state. Not surprisingly, the welfare of the skilled in full agglomeration is always the highest. However, even though there are transportation costs of final good, the welfare in segmented agglomeration is not necessarily the lowest.
Block Investments and the Race for Corporate Control

This paper investigates the common patterns of ownership structure across different corporate governance systems. We test the predictions of Zwiebel (1995) using ownership data of Belgian listed companies in 1995 and in 1999. Results show good applicability of the model. This empirical research relates to other contributions performing tests for Hungary, Poland, and Spain. Next the model and its limitations are discussed. The paper opens promising fields for research in ownership structure modeling adapted to corporate governance systems of Continental and Eastern Europe.
Clinicopathologic Aspects of Endometrial Proliferous Processes in Women of Reproductive Age

The peculiarities of benign proliferative pathology of endometrium including their combination in women of reproductive age are reviewed in the article. Materials and methods. The results of pathohistological research of benign proliferative pathology of endometrium (without atypia) were analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed by means of MedStat software package. Results. The obtained results revealed that benign proliferative pathology of endometrium is one of the most frequent gynaecological malignancies among female patients of reproductive age accounting for 52.2 % cases. Endometrial polyps were found to be accompanied by morphological peculiarities indicating chronic inflammatory process in endometrium in 56.5% cases (p<0.05) in comparison with endometrial hyperplasia in 38.2% cases, proving the presence of long-term inflammation in endometrial tissue and its trigger role in the development of the proliferative processes. Among patients with chronic salpingo-oophoritis, infertility was revealed in almost half of cases (44.5% of patients with endometrial polyps, 40.5% of patients with endometrial hyperplasia and 48.3% of women with combined proliferative pathology of endometrium) clinically confirming the data of morphological research. Peculiar signs of proliferative processes in genitals were determined, namely coexistence of uterine and endometrial pathology: endometrial hyperplasia was found in 40.4% of patients with uterine leiomyoma and 30.3% of patients with adenomyosis. The same combinations were peculiar for patients with endometrial polyps: endometrial hyperplasia was found in 30.1% of patients with uterine leiomyoma and 36.3% of patients with adenomyosis. Menstrual disorders were revealed in every third woman with endometrial hyperplasia (30.3%) and co-existent polyposis (30.2%).
Findings from the implementation of project-based learning in civil engineering education

The primary objective of the implementation of teaching and learning methods is to ensure that students attain critical thinking and allroundedness with professional competence in civil engineering education. Students are tailored to develop abilities such as analytical, problemsolving and communication skills for solving real-life civil engineering problems. In particular, Design Project, which is one of the compulsory courses to be completed by final year degree students in Civil Engineering for the fulfillment of the degree requirements, is implemented through Project-based learning (PBL). The design project aims at enabling students to develop the first hand practical design experience before graduation. Students are required to apply their prior knowledge and engineering skills acquired in subjects of various disciplines of the civil engineering programme. Findings from the implementation of the PBL in this course are reported based on the views and feedbacks collected from the students. The issues related to the implementation of PBL such as student’s learning experience and student’s workload are also explored in the study.