Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gap junctions are involved in cell migration in the early postnatal subventricular zone

The massive migration of neuroblasts and young neurons through the anterior extension of the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ), known as the rostral migratory stream (RMS) is still poorly understood on its molecular basis. In this work, we investigated the involvement of gap junctional communication (GJC) in the robust centrifugal migration from SVZ/RMS explants obtained from early postnatal (P4) rats. Cells were dye‐coupled in homocellular and heterocellular pairings and expressed at least two connexins, Cx 43 and 45. Treatment with the uncoupler agent carbenoxolone (CBX, 10–100 μM) reversibly reduced outgrowth from SVZ explants, while its inactive analog, glycyrhizinic acid (GZA), had no effect. Consistent with a direct effect on cell migration, time‐lapse video microscopy show that different pharmacological uncouplers cause an abrupt and reversible arrest of cell movement in explants. Our results indicate that GJC is positively involved in the migration of neuroblasts within the SVZ/RMS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Developmental experience alters information coding in auditory midbrain and forebrain neurons

In songbirds, species identity and developmental experience shape vocal behavior and behavioral responses to vocalizations. The interaction of species identity and developmental experience may also shape the coding properties of sensory neurons. We tested whether responses of auditory midbrain and forebrain neurons to songs differed between species and between groups of conspecific birds with different developmental exposure to song. We also compared responses of individual neurons to conspecific and heterospecific songs. Zebra and Bengalese finches that were raised and tutored by conspecific birds, and zebra finches that were cross‐tutored by Bengalese finches were studied. Single‐unit responses to zebra and Bengalese finch songs were recorded and analyzed by calculating mutual information (MI), response reliability, mean spike rate, fluctuations in time‐varying spike rate, distributions of time‐varying spike rates, and neural discrimination of individual songs. MI quantifies a response's capacity to encode information about a stimulus. In midbrain and forebrain neurons, MI was significantly higher in normal zebra finch neurons than in Bengalese finch and cross‐tutored zebra finch neurons, but not between Bengalese finch and cross‐tutored zebra finch neurons. Information rate differences were largely due to spike rate differences. MI did not differ between responses to conspecific and heterospecific songs. Therefore, neurons from normal zebra finches encoded more information about songs than did neurons from other birds, but conspecific and heterospecific songs were encoded equally. Neural discrimination of songs and MI were highly correlated. Results demonstrate that developmental exposure to vocalizations shapes the information coding properties of songbird auditory neurons. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 235–252, 2010.
The proto‐oncogene BCL6 promotes survival of olfactory sensory neurons

For the mammalian olfactory epithelium to continually detect odorant, neuronal survival, apoptosis, and regeneration must be coordinated. Here, we showed that the proto‐oncogene BCL6, which encodes a transcriptional repressor required for lymphocyte terminal differentiation, contributes to the survival of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In the olfactory epithelia of the BCL6 null mutant mice, many OSNs were positive for both OMP and GAP43. The epithelium was relatively thinner, showing many apoptotic signals. These characters were phenotypically similar to those of the wild‐type mice treated with nasal lectin irrigation, which acutely induces apoptosis of OSNs. Odorant receptors were expressed normally in the epithelia of the mutant mice, and their overall expression profile based on DNA microarray analyses was roughly similar to that of the apoptosis‐induced olfactory epithelia of the wild‐type mice. Experimental increase of BCL6 together with green fluorescent protein in OSNs using adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer made the epifluorescence last longer than the control fluorescence without exogenous BCL6 after the nasal lectin irrigation, indicating that BCL6 made the infected neurons survive longer. We conclude that BCL6 plays an active role in the survival of OSNs as an anti‐apoptotic factor and confers immature OSNs enough time to fully differentiate into mature ones. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 424‐435, 2010
Context and contingency in the history of post World War II nursing scholarship in the United States.

PURPOSE To examine the context for the development of nursing scholarship post World War II. METHODS Historiographical analysis of the social, political, and cultural context of nursing scholarship in the postwar period, with an understanding of how this context shaped nursing scholarship. FINDINGS The development of nursing scholarship was influenced by three contextual strands: Nurses' use of experiential clinical knowledge to situate practice questions in the changing clinical care milieu of the 1950s to the 1970s; The development of an intellectual genealogy through new educational opportunities at the baccalaureate and graduate level from the 1960s to the 1980s that provided the foundation for reintegrating practice and education; and the creation of a growing cadre of nurse scholars and their political influence on the relationship between power, knowledge, and clinical practice. These formulations are critical for understanding how scholarship changed over time and help us understand contemporary clinical practice, its authority structure, how it helps us define a body of knowledge from which practice proceeds, and then, how it responds to public demands. CONCLUSIONS Nursing scholarship is nested in a particular social, political, economic, and cultural context. This context also determines how and why it is generated, debated, and used. Its production does not always follow a rational, logical pattern. Nursing knowledge development is influenced as much by the political underpinnings of health care as it is by social, economic, cultural, and scientific foundations.
Maternal worries, home safety behaviors, and perceived difficulties.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore the worries, safety behaviors, and perceived difficulties in keeping children safe at home in a purposive sample of low-income, predominantly non-English speaking mothers as a foundation for later nursing interventions. DESIGN This study was a qualitative, descriptive design with content analysis to identify maternal concerns, behaviors, and perceptions of home safety as part of a larger study. METHODS Eighty-two mothers, 64% of whom were monolingual Spanish-speakers, responded in writing to three semistructured interview questions. When mothers were unable to read and write the researcher wrote the responses, then read the content aloud for verification. A standardized probe for each question was posed to obtain richer responses. Data management included use of the software program NUD*IST and coding analyses following the Miles and Huberman guidelines (1994). Interpretations were translated into English for this report. FINDINGS The major worries were falling, health, kidnapping, and being hit by a car. The leading maternal behaviors were coded as being physically, verbally, and environmentally preventive. Mothers said that it was their role to provide safety, and that this role could be wearisome, such that constant supervision was difficult. CONCLUSIONS Low-income mothers described their worries for their 1 to 4 year-old children, explored their behaviors for preventing injury, and discussed what made keeping children from harm difficult. Understanding how mothers keep children safe, the barriers to home safety, and effective safety behaviors are important to the health of children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical relevance of this study includes building trust as clinicians plan assessment, intervention and evaluation of home safety to encourage dialog about concerns, safety behaviors, and barriers to keeping children from injury.
Nutrient removal and bacterial communities in swine wastewater lagoon and constructed wetlands

Surface constructed wetlands, including marsh-pond-marsh (MPM) and continuous marsh (CtM) were used to treat swine wastewater in this study. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the surface constructed wetland effects on swine wastewater treatment, and to investigate bacterial distribution shifts along treatment flows. Water quality parameters and bacterial community diversity were analyzed in each section of the entire wastewater treatment system, which was from the anaerobic lagoons (La1 and La2), through the wetlands, to the storage lagoon (La3) receiving wetland effluent. The results of water quality parameters demonstrated that the concentration of TKN, NH+ 4, o-PO3− 4, and COD decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from La1 to La3. If ammonia volatilization is integrated for N removal in MPM wetland cell, then there was no difference between MPM and CtM cells. The total bacterial community in each section of the system was examined by using PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) technique. Our finding disclosed that the bacterial communities in different sections of the wastewater treatment system showed high diversities. The bacterial community compositions shifted gradually with the wastewater treatment procedure. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed that the bacterium species distribution was strongly related to the COD, o-PO3− 4, and TKN concentrations, whereas moderately related to the NH+ 4 concentration. Flavobacterium sp. and Methylomonas sp. were detected according to partial 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Multiple origins of the cortical gamma rhythm

Gamma rhythms (30–80 Hz) are a near‐ubiquitous feature of neuronal population activity in mammalian cortices. Their dynamic properties permit the synchronization of neuronal responses to sensory input within spatially distributed networks, transient formation of local neuronal “cell assemblies,” and coherent response patterns essential for intercortical regional communication. Each of these phenomena form part of a working hypothesis for cognitive function in cortex. All forms of physiological gamma rhythm are inhibition based, being characterized by rhythmic trains of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in populations of principal neurons. It is these repeating periods of relative enhancement and attenuation of the responsivity of major cell groups in cortex that provides a temporal structure shared across many millions of neurons. However, when considering the origins of these repeating trains of inhibitory events considerable divergence is seen depending on cortical region studied and mode of activation of gamma rhythm generating networks. Here, we review the evidence for involvement of multiple subtypes of interneuron and focus on different modes of activation of these cells. We conclude that most massively parallel brain regions have different mechanisms of gamma rhythm generation, that different mechanisms have distinct functional correlates, and that switching between different local modes of gamma generation may be an effective way to direct cortical communication streams. Finally, we suggest that developmental disruption of the endophenotype for certain subsets of gamma‐generating interneuron may underlie cognitive deficit in psychiatric illness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 92–106, 2011
Disinfection of a wastewater flow treated by advanced primary treatment using O3, UV and O3/UV combinations

This study was conducted to evaluate the ozone, UV and O3/UV processes for the reuse of sewage treatment plant effluent (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco wastewater treatment plant). The ozone/UV process was compared to individual ozone and the UV processes and control parameters were total and fecal coliforms. Different ozone concentrations (6–12 mg O3/min) and different UV fluencies (6.7–20.12 mJ/cm2) were tested. It is possible to conclude than none of the processes achieved the disinfection levels required to comply with the Mexican standard NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997. The continuous ozone process offered the lower total and fecal coliforms reductions, while UV light resulted a disinfection agent with higher germicide power than ozone. The maximum logarithmic reduction achieved due to the combined ozone/UV process was of 2.04 for fecal coliforms and of 2.17 for total coliforms. The next 8 combinations showed lower removal efficiencies, but always higher than those obtained with the single ozone or UV processes. The ozone/UV process was highly effective for the disinfection and a synergistic effect was observed.
Infection, Oxidative Stress, and Changes in Circulating Regulatory T Cells of Heart Failure Patients Supported by Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Devices

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in oxidative stress (OS) and circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) of the immune system in patients supported by continuous-flow ventricular assist device (CF-VAD) with or without infection. We recruited 16 CF-VAD patients (5 with infection and 11 without infection) and 7 healthy volunteers. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from lymphocytes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in plasma were measured. Circulating Tregs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Heart failure (HF) patients had elevated OS than healthy volunteers as evident from higher lymphocyte ROS, elevated oxLDL, as well as depleted SOD and TAC levels. At baseline, HF patients had decreased percentage of Tregs (5.12 ± 1.5% vs. 8.14 ± 3.01%, p < 0.01) when compared with healthy volunteers. Postimplant patients with infection illustrated 35% and 44% rise in ROS and oxLDL, respectively, 31% decrease in TAC, and marked rise in percentage of Tregs (14.27 ± 3.17% vs. 9.38 ± 3.41%, p < 0.01) when compared with the patients without infection. Elevated OS and rise in Tregs were more prominent in CF-VAD patients with infection. In conclusion, OS and compromised immune system may be important indicators of systemic response of the body to CF-VAD among HF patients with infection.
Characterization and treatment of water used for human consumption from six sources located in the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area

The purpose of this research was the characterization and improvement of the quality of water used for human consumption of unregulated/regulated water sources located in the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area (NE Arizona, western edge of the Navajo Nation). Samples were collected at six water sources which included regulated sources: Wind Mill (Tank 3T-538), Badger Springs and Paddock Well as well as unregulated sources: Willy Spring, Water Wall and Water Hole. Samples taken from Wind Mill, Water Wall and Water Hole were characterized with high turbidity and color as well as high level of manganese, iron and nickel and elevated value of molybdenum. High level of iron was also found in Badger Spring, Willy Spring, and Paddock Well. These three water sources were also characterized with elevated values of fluoride and vanadium. Significant amounts of zinc were found in Water Wall and Water Hole samples. Water Wall sample was also characterized with high level of CrVI. Compared to primary or secondary Navajo Nation Environmental Protection Agency (NNEPA) water quality standard the highest enrichment was found for turbidity (50.000 times), color (up to 1.796 times) and manganese (71 times), CrVI (17.5 times), iron (7.4 times) and arsenic (5.2 times). Activities of 226Ra and 238U in water samples were still in agreement with the maximum contaminant levels. In order to comply with NNEPA water quality standard water samples were subjected to electrochemical treatment. This method was selected due to its high removal efficiency for heavy metals and uranium, lower settlement time, production of smaller volume of waste mud and higher stability of waste mud compared to physico-chemical treatment. Following the treatment, concentrations of heavy metals and activities of radionuclides in all samples were significantly lower compared to NNEPA or WHO regulated values. The maximum removal efficiencies for color, turbidity, arsenic, manganese, molybdenum and nickel were 100.0%. Maximum removal percentage of Cu, F−, V, Zn, 137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U were as follows: 98.0%; 82.7%; 99.9%; 95.6%; 75.0%; 76.9%; 80.0% and 99.2%. From the results presented it could be concluded that electrochemical treatment is a suitable approach for the purification of drinking water with complex mixture of contaminants, especially those with high turbidity and color.
Relationship between nurses' organizational trust levels and their organizational citizenship behaviors.

PURPOSE This research used a descriptive and explorative design to determine the levels of nurses' organizational trust and organizational citizenship and to investigate relationships between the levels of organizational trust and organizational citizenship behaviors. DESIGN AND METHODS Nurses who had completed their orientation from a total of 11 hospitals with bed capacities of 100 and located in the European district of Istanbul were included in the sample for this study. Formal, written applications and approval of the ethical committee were obtained from concerned institutions before proceeding with the data collection step. The Organizational Trust Inventory and the Organizational Citizenship Level Scale, a questionnaire form including five questions regarding nurses' personal characteristics, were used in data collection. Data collection tools were distributed to 900 nurses in total, and usable data were obtained from 482 nurses. Number and percentage calculations and Pearson correlation analysis were used to assess research data. FINDINGS The results of the present research showed that nurses had a higher than average level of trust in their managers and coworkers and they trusted more in their managers and coworkers than their institutions. The Organizational Citizenship Level Scale indicated that the behavior most frequently demonstrated by the nurses was conscientiousness, followed by courtesy and civic virtue, whereas sportsmanship was displayed to an average extent. An analysis of relationships between nurses' level of organizational trust and their organizational citizenship behaviors revealed that nurses who trust in their managers, institutions, and coworkers demonstrated the organizational citizenship behaviors of conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy, and altruism more frequently. CONCLUSIONS The findings attained in this study indicated that the organizational trust the staff had in their institutions, managers, and coworkers influenced the organizational citizenship behaviors of conscientiousness, civic virtue, altruism, and courtesy, whereas it had no effect on sportsmanship behavior. Nurse managers should introduce studies to improve their subordinates' organizational trust to ensure that they develop organizational citizenship behaviors, and they should support them in this process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These topics for nursing services will provide guidance to managers, particularly to managers of nursing services, in establishing processes to predict nurses' organizational commitment, job satisfaction, performance, intention to leave, and other relevant issues.
Nitrogen removal in an integrated constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater

The nitrogen (N) removal performance of a 3.25 ha Integrated Constructed Wetland (ICW) treating domestic wastewater from Glaslough village in County Monaghan, Ireland, was evaluated in this study. The ICW consists of two sludge ponds and five shallow vegetated wetland cells. Influent and effluent concentrations of two N species, namely, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), which were measured weekly over 2 years, together with hydrology of the ICW provided the basis for this evaluation. The influent wastewater typically contained 40 mg L−1 NH3-N and 5 mg L−1 NO3-N. Concentrations of N in the ICW effluent were typically less than 1.0 mg L−1 for both species. Overall, a total load of 2802 kg NH3-N and 441 kg NO3-N was received by the ICW and a removal rate of 98.0 % and 96.9 %, respectively, was recorded. Average areal N loading rate (245 mg m−2 d−1 NH3-N and 38 mg m−2 d−1 NO3-N) had a significant linear relationship with areal N removal rate (240 mg m−2 d−1 and 35 mg m−2 d−1, respectively) for both species. The areal first-order N removal rate constants in the ICW averaged 14 m yr−1 for NH3-N and 11 m yr−1 for NO3-N. Temperature coefficients (θ) for N reduction in the ICW were lower and less than unity for NO3-N, suggesting that the variability in N removal by the ICW was marginally influenced by temperature.
Reserve pool neuron transmitter respecification: Novel neuroplasticity

The identity of the neurotransmitters expressed by neurons has been thought to be fixed and immutable, but recent studies demonstrate that changes in electrical activity can rapidly and reversibly reconfigure the transmitters and corresponding transmitter receptors that neurons express. Induction of transmitter expression can be achieved by selective activation of afferents recruited by a physiological range of sensory input. Strikingly, neurons acquiring an additional transmitter project to appropriate targets prior to transmitter respecification in some cases, indicating the presence of reserve pools of neurons that can boost circuit function. We discuss the evidence for such reserve pools, their likely locations and ways to test for their existence, and the potential clinical value of such circuit‐specific neurotransmitter respecification for treatments of neurological disorders. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 465–474, 2012