Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement and numerical model of fish target strength for quantitative echo sounder

This paper discussed the target strength (TS) of fish for a quantitative echo sounder. Experiments were conducted in a water tank using matures Cyprinus carpio sp. Measurements were conducted using 50 kHz and 200 kHz frequencies of echo sounder instrument and the tilt angle of tethered fish. Swimbladder size and shape were measured using X-ray and digitized. The theoretical target strength was numerically computed using the prolate spheroidal modal series (PSMS) and compared using the echo sounder measurement. The results showed that TS strongly depends on the orientation of the fish. The increasing of vertically averaged TS was followed by the increasing tilt angle. Prolate Spheroidal Modal Series (PSMS) computation showed TS values depend on operating acoustic frequency of sonar system.
Effects of Color and Luminance Contrast on Size Perception—Evidence from a Horizontal Parallel Lines Illusion

The present study investigated a size illusion composed of two horizontal lines that were vertically separated and parallel to each other. When the two lines were of equal length, the upper line was consistently perceived to be a little longer than the lower line, therefore it was termed as horizontal parallel lines (HPL) illusion. We investigated the effect of color and luminance contrast on the HPL illusion by manipulating the color and luminance of the two lines. Results indicated the following: (1) differences in color between the two lines reduced the illusion; (2) differences in luminance between the two lines reduced the illusion; (3) Effect 1 was greater than Effect 2; (4) the illusory effect could not be affected as long as both of the lines were of the same color or luminance. The results suggest that the color or luminance contrast may contribute to the overall decrease in the illusory effect for lines with different colors/luminances, but generally the illusion decreases as the two lines are less similar to each other. These findings indicate that the similarity or ‘sameness’ effect dominates the effect of color/luminance contrast on the size illusion over the effect resulted from contrast difference or depth perception.
Effect of Local Errors of Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauges on Rainfall-Runoff Simulations

This study investigates the effect of local systematic and random errors of the commonly used tipping-bucket (TB) rain gauges on the accuracy of runoff predictions. A physically-based rainfall-runoff model is applied to analyze several storms in a humid midsize watershed in south Louisiana. Two types of systematic TB errors are considered, wind-induced losses and underestimation of high rainfall intensities due to the lack of gauge dynamic calibration. The effect of the TB errors is assessed by comparing hydrographs simulated using uncorrected and corrected rainfall input. The results indicate that wind and dynamic calibration effects can cause differences in estimating runoff volumes and peaks on the order of 5 to 15%. We also analyze the effect of random TB errors caused by the discrete gauge sampling mechanism. The computed runoff differences caused by the TB random errors were dependent on the magnitude of the runoff discharge, and on the temporal resolution of the rainfall input. However, the effect .
Goat Rearing: A Pathway for Sustainable Livelihood Security in Bundelkhand Region

The study has explored goat production systems, adoption level of management practices, constraints to goat-rearing, critical gaps and impact of introduced innovations on livelihood security of resource-poor households in 16 villages belonging to two disadvantaged districts (Hamirpur and Mahoba) of Bundelkhand region. In the Bundelkhand region, goats are reared by more than 75 per cent rural households in the form of mixed farming system. Goats have been found contributing 17.5 per cent share to annual household income of goat-keepers in Hamirpur and 16.4 per cent in Mahoba district. The majority of goat- keepers have moderate level of knowledge on different aspects of goat breeding and very low level of knowledge on up-gradation of genetic potential of goat, value addition of crop residues, utilization of CPRs and preventive health measures. Five hundred goat-keepers of selected villages were provided training on different aspects of goat-rearing under the NAIP, along with establishing goat-farmers based self-help groups. The impact analysis of goat-keepers has revealed net income of ` 19,000 with a unit of 5 adult goats. Prophylactic supports to all livestock species and fodder interventions have provided additional income of ` 3204 and ` 4285/household/year, respectively. The integrated goat- rearing could generate employment of 224 person-days annually besides milk for household consumption. The study has suggested improvement of common property resources (pastures and water bodies), value-addition of feed and fodder, bridging knowledge gap and veterinary support are the key aspects for sustainable livestock (goat) production in the Bundelkhand region.
Spectrum of ear, nose and throat disorders among children reporting to the out-patient department of a tertiary care center, Nepal

Background: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) problems are more common in children than adults. The objective of this study was to know the occurrence of various ENT disorders among children reporting to the out-patient department of a tertiary care center and to see their associations with three age-groups.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Out-Patient Department of Ear, Nose and Throat from 2016 to 2017. All the patients of age group 0-16yrs were included in the study. Informed consent or ascent from the patients and permission from their parents were taken. Detailed history taking, clinical examinations and appropriate investigations were performed and recorded in a pre-formed proforma. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel format 2013 and statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20 version. Results: A total of 968 patients were examined, males 633(65.4%) and females 335(34.6%). The spectrum of ENT disorders reported were chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) 126 (13.0%), Otitis media with effusion (OME) 113 (11.7%), acute otitis media (AOM) 98 (10.1%), otomycosis with otitis externa 59 (6.1%), wax 36 (3.7%), foreign body ear (FB ear) 11 (1.1%), acute mastoiditis 22 (2.3%), acute rhinitis 35(3.6%), chronic sinusitis 33(3.4%), deviated nasal septum (DNS) 34 (3.5%), FB nose 21 (2.2%), vestibulitis with epistaxis 20 (2.1%), injury/trauma 11 (1.1%), tonsillitis 89 (9.2%), adenoid hypertrophy 71 (7.3%), acute pharyngitis 52 (5.4%), chronic pharyngitis 46 (4.7%), cervical lymphadenitis 37 (3.8%), FB esophagus 8 (0.8%) and laryngitis 12 (1.2%). CSOM was significantly associated with the age-groups 5-9 yrs whereas, AOM with 0-4 yrs. Adenoid hypertrophy was significantly associated with 0-4 yrs whereas, pharyngitis with 10-16 yrs.Conclusions: Most common ENT disorders reported were ear disorders and second most common throat disorders. Significant associations were found between disorders and age-groups.
Mulching and field burning influence on soil seedbank and wheat crop performance in rainfed conditions

Increasing yield per unit area with maintaining soil properties and preserving the ecosystem at the same time is the chief concern for agronomists all over the world. Field burning along with the history was considered a cheaper tool which is still use by most farmers for weed control in open fields. A study was therefore applied to investigate the effect of mulcher (subsurface tillage) and field burning on soil seedbank, soil properties, and performance of subsequent wheat crop under rainfed conditions of Duhok region. This study was conducted at the faculty of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Duhok during 2011-2012 growing season. The results indicated that both soil seedbank and field weed population were significantly increased by mulcher and decreased when the field was burnt in the summer; meanwhile, some soil properties such as balk density and porosity were improved by mulcher and were not or slightly affected by field burning. As for wheat growth and yield, excluding the number of tillers per plant (2.34) in field burning treatment, all other traits were not affected significantly by the factors under the study.
CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA . ASSESMENT WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY EDEMA MACULAR

Purpose: To determine the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) by means of clinical evaluation and subclinical assessment by means of ocular coherence tomography (OCT), and to compare the incidence between diabetic and non-diabetic groups of patients. Methods: Prospective study of 260 consecutive cataract surgeries operated from September 2004 to March 2005. The procedures were performed by means of phacoemulsification plus intraocular acrylic lens implantation. Group A: 208 eyes of nondiabetic patients; Group B: 42 eyes of patients with diabetes and Group C: 10 eyes of diabetic patients with macular edema that received an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone at the end of surgery. Postoperative follow-up visits were performed 6 days (basal visit), 5 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery. Each visit included posterior pole biomicroscopy and OCT. Results: Central macular thickness measured by OCT was significantly increased in group B compared with group A (241.6 versus 204.6 μm; p<0,001). No clinical evidence of CME was found in group A, ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. in the Himalayan region: Ecology, exploitation and threats

Oaks (Quercus spp.) are among the dominant vascular plants of the Himalayas, ranging from the subtropical to the sub-alpine zones. They play an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability. Oaks in the Himalayan region are intimately linked with subsistence hill agriculture as they protect soil fertility, watershed and local biodiversity. They also supply fodder, leaf litter, firewood and timber. Q. semecarpifolia is a high altitude oak, ranging up to the timberline in the Himalayan region and forming the climax community on the southern aspect; it is considered to be one of the oldest plants of the region. It is also one of the most over-exploited species and fails to regenerate adequately either in disturbed or undisturbed natural habitat. Since plantation has not been successful, it is important to manage natural forest more effectively. This can be done by implementing sustainable methods of lopping the trees for fodder, removing an adequate number of old and dying trees to make the canopy more open, and controlling the population of cattle and wild animals that damage seedlings through browsing and trampling. Key words : Himalayan region, oak, Q. semecarpifolia , khasru, regeneration of Quercus Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 126-128, 2003
Impact of Merger and Acquisitions on the Financial Performance ofDeposit Money Banks in Nigeria

The overall objective of this study is to examine the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the financial performance of some selected deposit money banks in Nigerian from 2002 to 2008. This paper used Returns on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) of the selected banks to measure the financial performance of the banks before and after consolidation. Four Nigerian banks were selected using convenience and judgmental sampling techniques. The study utilized secondary data retrieved from the annual reports and accounts of the studied banks. Data for the study were analyzed using T-test statistics and it was revealed that bank witnessed improved and robust financial performance owing to merger and acquisition leading to more financial efficiency in the Nigerian banks. The paper recommends that banks should be more aggressive in financial products marketing to increase financial performance in order to reap the benefit of post mergers and acquisition bid in the Nigerian banking sector.
Raman spectroscopy methods for detecting and imaging supported lipid bilayers

We have developed a Raman microspectroscopy system optimised for studying supported lipid bilayers (SLB). This system combines the benefits of Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the additional incorporation of an atomic force microscope (AFM) makes it possible to directly correlate chemical information with spatial features of samples at the nanoscale. We focus on the limits of this system for detecting a single SLB and imaging its microdomains, and employ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to improve the sensitivity achieved with Raman microspectroscopy.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Spectroscopic Redshift Estimation on Euclid Data

In this paper, we address the problem of spectroscopic redshift estimation in Astronomy. Due to the expansion of the Universe, galaxies recede from each other on average. This movement causes the emitted electromagnetic waves to shift from the blue part of the spectrum to the red part, due to the Doppler effect. Redshift is one of the most important observables in Astronomy, allowing the measurement of galaxy distances. Several sources of noise render the estimation process far from trivial, especially in the low signal-to-noise regime of many astrophysical observations. In recent years, new approaches for a reliable and automated estimation methodology have been sought out, in order to minimize our reliance on currently popular techniques that heavily involve human intervention. The fulfilment of this task has evolved into a grave necessity, in conjunction with the insatiable generation of immense amounts of astronomical data. In our work, we introduce a novel approach based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed methodology is extensively evaluated on a spectroscopic dataset of full spectral energy galaxy distributions, modelled after the upcoming Euclid satellite galaxy survey. Experimental analysis on observations of idealistic and realistic conditions demonstrate the potent capabilities of the proposed scheme.
Measurement of redshift-dependent cross-correlation of HSC clusters and Fermi γ-rays

The cross-correlation study of the unresolved $\gamma$-ray background (UGRB) with galaxy clusters has a potential to reveal the nature of the UGRB. In this paper, we perform a cross-correlation analysis between $\gamma$-ray data by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and a galaxy cluster catalogue from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The Subaru HSC cluster catalogue provides a wide and homogeneous large-scale structure distribution out to the high redshift at $z=1.1$, which has not been accessible in previous cross-correlation studies. We conduct the cross-correlation analysis not only for clusters in the all redshift range ($0.1 < z < 1.1$) of the survey, but also for subsamples of clusters divided into redshift bins, the low redshift bin ($0.1 < z < 0.6$) and the high redshift bin ($0.6 < z < 1.1$), to utilize the wide redshift coverage of the cluster catalogue. We find the evidence of the cross-correlation signals with the significance of 2.0-2.3$\sigma$ for all redshift and low-redshift cluster samples. On the other hand, for high-redshift clusters, we find the signal with weaker significance level (1.6-1.9$\sigma$). We also compare the observed cross-correlation functions with predictions of a theoretical model in which the UGRB originates from $\gamma$-ray emitters such as blazars, star-forming galaxies and radio galaxies. We find that the detected signal is consistent with the model prediction.
New perspectives and challenges in the understanding of mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell neoplasia that has been well characterized in recent years. Recognition of the t(11;14)(q13; q32) and cyclin D1 overexpression as the genetic and molecular hallmarks of the tumor have been key elements in recognizing the broad spectrum of clinical, pathological and biological manifestations of the disease [1]. Cyclin D1 expression is now routinely used as one of the most important elements in the diagnosis of this lymphoma. The term mantle cell lymphoma reflects the idea that the normal cell counterpart of this tumor is a lymphocyte whose physiological microenvironment is the mantle zone of the secondary lymphoid follicle. This view is supported by the tendency of the tumor cells to grow and expand this area and to express a phenotype also found in a subset of mantle cells. MCL is considered clinically one of the most aggressive lymphomas with short responses to current therapies, frequent relapses and a relatively short median survival. This behavior has led to the recommendation of intense therapeutic regimens and exploration of new strategies with more recently developed drugs targeting specific pathogenetic mechanisms. In spite of the good characterization of MCL, recent molecular studies and clinical observations are opening new perspectives on the ontogeny and pathogenesis of this lymphoma that challenge some of our previous ideas about the disease. Here we consider new developing concepts in MCL that may have an impact on our understanding of its pathogenesis and may influence our clinical practice.
Obez çocuklarda ambulatuar arteriyel kan basinci izlem sonuçlari Results of ambulatory arterial blood pressure monitoring in children with obesity

Objectives: The relationship between obesity and essential hypertension is well known. In this study, we aimed to evaluate ambulatory arterial blood pressure monitoring of obese and non-obese children who had similar demographic characteristics. Materials and methods: Seventy one children and adolescents (n=39 obesity, n=32 controls) were studied. Blood pressure of the children were measured by 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Results: Obese children had significantly higher mean blood pressure values (systolic 121.9±11.7 mmHg, diastolic 70.2±5.3 mmHg) than control subjects (systolic 109.3±6.7 mmHg, diastolic 65.1±4.6 mmHg, p 0.05). Blood pressure load was found to be increased in obese children compared to the controls (%13.6±12.9 and %2.6±3.4, respectively; p<0.05). Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels of obese children (181.1±33.4 and 131.1±23.1mg/ dl) were significantly higher than those of the controls (134.3±11.1 and 103.3±14.2 mg/dl, p<0.05). Conclusions: Obesity in children and adolescents should not be regarded as variations of normality, but as abnormality with an extremely high risk for the development of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in adulthood. OZET
Si-Al disorder and solid solutions in analcime, chabazite, and wairakite

Abstract Quantitative determination of the abundance of Si(nAl) tetrahedral structural units (where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) through analysis of 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra was used to assess the state of Si-Al disorder in the zeolites analcime [(NaAl)xSi48-xO96·16H2O], chabazite [(Ca0.5,Na,K)xAlxSi12-xO24·12H2O], and wairakite [CaAl2Si4O12·2H2O]. Short-range Si-Al ordering in chabazite and analcime is a regular function of Al mol fraction and is fully consistent with Al avoidance, as has generally been reported for zeolites not subjected to heat treatment. The results of this study and previously reported 29Si MAS NMR spectra suggest that natural analcime samples are more Si-Al ordered than either their synthetic counterparts or chabazite. Cluster variation method (CVM) calculations were used to calculate the configurational entropy (SCON) due to Si-Al disorder in chabazite and analcime. The calculations predict that long-range Si-Al ordering develops when Al occupies 5 out of 12 tetrahedral sites in chabazite and synthetic analcime and 17 out of every 48 tetrahedral sites in natural analcime. The difference between the calculated entropies and ideal entropies of mixing was used to derive activity-composition relationships for Si-Al substitution in these frameworks. Comparison between calculated values of SCON and the results of calorimetric and phase equilibrium studies on analcime indicate that the CVM accurately assesses SCON. The 29Si MAS NMR spectrum obtained for natural wairakite indicates that this mineral is largely Si- Al ordered, but comparison with a previously published spectrum indicates that natural and synthetic wairakites can exhibit significant variation in Si-Al disorder.
Dualization invariance and a new complex elliptic genus

We define a new elliptic genus on the complex bordism ring. With co- efficients in Z(1=2), we prove that it induces an isomorphism of the complex bordism ring modulo the ideal which is generated by all differences P(E) − P(E ∗ ) of projective bundles and their duals onto a polynomial ring on 4 generators in degrees 2, 4, 6 and 8. As an alternative geometric description of , we prove that it is the universal genus which is multiplicative in projective bundles over Calabi-Yau 3-folds. With the help of the q-expansion of modular forms we will see that for a complex manifold M , the value (M ) is a holomorphic Euler characteristic. We also compare with Krichever-H¨ complex elliptic genus and see that their only common specializations are Ochanine's elliptic genus and the y-genus.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites using different diagnostic techniques in Enugu Metropolis, South-Eastern Nigeria

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite and the aetiologic agent of a gastrointestinal disease, known as cryptosporidiosis. In this study, a total of 300 faecal samples were collected and analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium, yeasts and other parasites using direct normal saline, iodine wet preparations, formol-ethylacetate concentration and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining techniques. Using direct normal saline and iodine wet preparation techniques, a total of 25(8.3%) samples out of 300 were positive for Cryptosporidium and yeasts, but the use of formol-ethylacetate concentration increased the number of positive samples for Cryptosporidium and yeasts to 30 (10%). Further application of modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique to sediments differentiated the aetiologic agents into Cryptosporidium 6 (20%) and yeast-positive 24 (80%). The prevalence of other parasites encountered in this study include; Giardia lamblia, 1 (0.3%); Blastocystis hominis, 1 (0.3%); Entamoeba histolytica, 13 (4.3%); Clonorchis sinensis, 2 (0.7%); Hookworm, 6 (2%); Ascaris lumbricoides, 3 (1%) and Balatidium coli, 1 (0.3%). Thus, the application of only routine wet preparation was less predictive and resulted in 21.7% misdiagnosis (1.7% undetected plus 20% misdiagnosed as yeast). This study buttresses the need for the confirmation of every suspected yeast infection as may be detected in wet examination of faecal specimens, to avoid misdiagnosis. The study also indicates the importance of formol-ethyacetate sedimentation technique in the detection and diagnosis of yeasts, Cryptosporidium, B. hominis and other parasites from stool samples.
Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in nasal swabs from horses with acute respiratory disease in Belgium

Contagious respiratory infections are an important cause of respiratory disease in horses, resulting in impaired pulmonary function, poor performance and sometimes severe illness. Although bacterial infections are often suspected to be involved, viruses are frequently overlooked and are an underestimated cause of respiratory disease outbreaks in horses. In this study, nasal swabs of 103 horses with acute symptoms of respiratory disease were analyzed for the presence of 13 different respiratory pathogens. Gamma herpesviruses were the most commonly detected, with 60% of the samples being positive, followed by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection (30%). Rhinovirus B, streptococcus equi subsp. equi, adenovirus 1 and EHV-4 were more rarely detected. Further research is necessary to correctly interpret the importance of gamma herpesviruses in horses, for example by screening a healthy control population. National surveillance of respiratory viruses in horses by PCR analysis on nasal swabs might be a useful, early warning system for viral epidemics.