Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -9 and opioid growth factor in rabbit cornea after lamellar keratectomy and treatment with 1% nalbuphine.

PURPOSES To evaluate the effects of nalbuphine 1% on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and opioid growth factor (OGF) in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. METHODS The rabbits were assigned to two groups: group nalbuphine (GN, n=30), which received 30 µL of nalbuphine 1% in 4 daily applications at regular intervals until corneal epithelialization, and group control (GC, n=30), which received physiological saline solution under the same conditions adopted in GN. The corneas were collected for immunohistochemistry on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after lamellar keratectomy, and the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF were analyzed. RESULTS The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9 increased until day 5 of the evaluation, with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). On days 7 and 9, significant reductions were observed in the expression of MMP-1 (p<0.01), with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). The expression of OGF was constant in all periods (p>0.05), restricted to the corneal epithelium, and there was no difference between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that nalbuphine 1% did not alter the expression patterns of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy.
The roles of mood and conscientiousness in reporting of self‐committed errors on IT projects

Over the past two decades, several studies have investigated the factors that lead to and away from individuals' reporting of truthful status information on IT projects. These studies have typically considered the reporting decisions of an individual who is aware of negative status information that is attributed to others' errors. These previous studies have seldom examined the situation in which the individual is considering whether to report information about his or her own self‐committed error on the project. In this study, we consider this largely unexamined phenomenon. In this context, we focus on the influences that different affective states and a personality trait (conscientiousness) can have on error reporting decisions. Specifically, we investigate how different moods (i.e. positive vs. negative) and conscientiousness can influence error reporting decisions in the context of an IT project. Based on the results from a controlled laboratory experiment, we find that individuals in a negative mood are more willing to report their errors compared to individuals in a positive mood. Conscientiousness also positively influences individuals' willingness to report errors, and it also has an indirect effect through cost–benefit differential (i.e. one's perceptions of benefits relative to costs). Additionally, mood is found to moderate the relationship between conscientiousness and willingness to report. We discuss the implication of our findings and directions for future research and for practice. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Immunoglobulin G subclasses of anti‐human platelet antigen la in maternal sera: relation to the severity of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Abstract: The monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) technique was employed to detect and semiquantitatively assess total IgG anti‐HPA‐1a and its subclasses in sera of mothers who gave birth to severely thrombocytopenic (<50×109 platelets/L) (n = 14) or mildly thrombocytopenic/unaffected (>50×109 platelets/L) (n = 13) neonates. There was no statistically significant difference between the IgG anti‐HPA‐1a subclass composition of the 2 groups of sera. The majority of sera (26/27,96%) showed IgG1+IgG3 while 17/27 (63%) had all 4 subclasses of the antibody. No significant differences between the severely thrombocytopenic and mildly thrombocytopenic/unaffected groups were detected in the levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2 or IgG4 of the antibody. However, the values of IgG3 anti‐HPA‐1a were significantly higher in the severely thrombocytopenic than in the mildly thrombocytopenic/unaffected group of sera with only little overlap (median 2.94 vs. 1.68, range 1.36–9.71 vs. 1.50–2.84, respectively; p <0.01). The results suggest that maternal IgG3 anti‐HPA‐1a has predictive value for severe thrombocytopenia of the neonate. However, a prospective study of IgG HPA‐1a subclasses in a greater number of maternal sera at different times of pregnancy is needed to test if IgG3 anti‐HPA‐1a is predictive of the degree of fetal/neonatal thrombocytopenia.
How Can Educators Confront Science Denial?

An unwillingness to consider empirical evidence that contradicts one’s desired conclusion, or science denial, is an enormous barrier to producing an informed citizenry. This essay explores literature on conceptual change and motivation to put forth fresh ideas on how curricula can foster science acceptance, or the willingness to engage in critical evaluation of evidence even when it holds potential to contradict one’s preferred conclusion. Drawing from motivated reasoning and self-determination theories, this essay builds a theoretical model of how negative emotions, thwarting of basic psychological needs, and the backfire effect interact to undermine critical evaluation of evidence, leading to science denial. The model guides the proposal of several design principles for creating instruction that is likely to foster science acceptance, and puts forth the evidence-laden narrative as an exemplar. This essay calls for instructional methods that facilitate motivation toward accuracy goals by fulfilling basic psychological needs as students engage in accuracy-oriented reasoning while evaluating evidence. The conclusion suggests further lines of research that might improve our understanding of science denial and how it can be confronted in the classroom.
Optimization of Medium Composition for Erythritol Production from Glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica Using Response Surface Methodology

Several factors affecting erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica Wratislavia K1 strain were examined in batch fermentations. Ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, and sodium chloride were identified as critical medium components that determine the ratio of polyols produced. The central composite rotatable experimental design was used to optimize medium composition for erythritol production. The concentrations of ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, and sodium chloride in the optimized medium were 2.25, 0.22, and 26.4 g L−1, respectively. The C:N ratio was found as 81:1. In the optimized medium with 100 g L−1 of glycerol the Wratislavia K1 strain produced 46.9 g L−1 of erythritol, which corresponded to a 0.47 g g−1 yield and a productivity of 0.85 g L−1 hr−1. In the fed-batch mode and medium with the total concentration of glycerol at 300 g L−1 and C:N ratio at 81:1, 132 g L−1 of erythritol was produced with 0.44 g g−1 yield and a productivity of 1.01 g L−1 hr−1.
Fossil whale preservation implies high diatom accumulation rate in the Miocene–Pliocene Pisco Formation of Peru

Diatomaceous deposits in the Miocene-Pliocene Pisco For- mation contain abundant whales preserved in pristine condition (bones articulated or at least closely associated), in some cases in- cluding preserved baleen. The well-preserved whales indicate rapid burial. The 346 whales within ;1.5 km 2 of surveyed surface were not buried as an event, but were distributed uninterrupted through an 80-m-thick sedimentary section. The diatomaceous sediment lacks repeating primary laminations, but instead is mostly massive, with irregular laminations and speckles. There is no evidence for bioturbation by invertebrates in the whale-bearing sediment. Cur- rent depositional models do not account for the volume of diato- maceous sediments or the taphonomic features of the whales. These taphonomic and sedimentary features suggest that rapid burial due to high diatom accumulation, in part by lateral advection into pro- tected, shallow embayments, is responsible for the superb preser- vation of these whales, leading to a higher upper limit on phyto- plankton accumulation rates than previously documented.
Dynamics and Distribution of Klothoβ (KLB) and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) in Living Cells Reveal the Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21)-induced Receptor Complex*

Background: FGFR1c and KLB form an ill-defined FGF21 signaling complex. Results: FGFR1c competes with galectin for binding to KLB. KLB and FGFR1c interact in a 1:1 heterocomplex, and subsequent addition of FGF21 induces FGFR1c dimers. Conclusion: KLB and FGFR1c activity and dynamics suggest that the galectin lattice modulates FGF21 signaling. Significance: The galectin lattice is a novel target to potentiate therapeutic effects of FGF21. FGF21 stimulates FGFR1c activity in cells that co-express Klothoβ (KLB); however, relatively little is known about the interaction of these receptors at the plasma membrane. We measured the dynamics and distribution of fluorescent protein-tagged KLB and FGFR1c in living cells using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and number and brightness analysis. We confirmed that fluorescent protein-tagged KLB translocates to the plasma membrane and is active when co-expressed with FGFR1c. FGF21-induced signaling was enhanced in cells treated with lactose, a competitive inhibitor of the galectin lattice, suggesting that lattice-binding modulates KLB and/or FGFR1c activity. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis consistently revealed that lactose treatment increased KLB mobility at the plasma membrane, but did not affect the mobility of FGFR1c. The association of endogenous KLB with the galectin lattice was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation with galectin-3. KLB mobility increased when co-expressed with FGFR1c, suggesting that the two receptors form a heterocomplex independent of the galectin lattice. Number and brightness analysis revealed that KLB and FGFR1c behave as monomers and dimers at the plasma membrane, respectively. Co-expression resulted in monomeric expression of KLB and FGFR1c consistent with formation of a 1:1 heterocomplex. Subsequent addition of FGF21 induced FGFR1 dimerization without changing KLB aggregate size, suggesting formation of a 1:2 KLB-FGFR1c signaling complex. Overall, these data suggest that KLB and FGFR1 form a 1:1 heterocomplex independent of the galectin lattice that transitions to a 1:2 complex upon the addition of FGF21.
The Sentence-Aligned European Patent Corpus

This paper describes the creation and the content of the Sentence-Aligned European Patent Corpus. The corpus contains more than 130 million sentence pairs for 6 European languages. With more than 76 million sentence pairs, to our knowledge, the EN-DE sub corpus is the largest bilingual sentence-aligned corpus. For other language pairs, work has started to obtain sub corpora of similar size. The error rate of sentence alignment was very low even in the absence of language specific resources.
Expression and regulation of CCL 18 in synovial fluid neutrophils of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the recruitment of leukocytes and the accumulation of inflammatory mediators within the synovial compartment. Release of the chemokine CCL18 has been widely attributed to antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. This study investigates the production of CCL18 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), the predominant cell type recruited into synovial fluid (SF). Microarray analysis, semiquantitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified SF PMN from patients with RA as a novel source for CCL18 in diseased joints. Highly upregulated expression of other chemokine genes was observed for CCL3, CXCL8 and CXCL10, whereas CCL21 was downregulated. The chemokine receptor genes were differentially expressed, with upregulation of CXCR4, CCRL2 and CCR5 and downregulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2. In cell culture experiments, expression of CCL18 mRNA in blood PMN was induced by tumor necrosis factor α, whereas synthesis of CCL18 protein required additional stimulation with a combination of IL-10 and vitamin D3. In comparison, recruited SF PMN from patients with RA were sensitized for CCL18 production, because IL-10 alone was sufficient to induce CCL18 release. These results suggest a release of the T cell-attracting CCL18 by PMN when recruited to diseased joints. However, its production is tightly regulated at the levels of mRNA expression and protein synthesis. Introduction Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are effector cells during inflammation, and their migration to sites of infection is essential in controlling microbial growth and dissemination [1,2]. Neutrophilic infiltration has, however, also been implicated in the pathology of various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gouty arthritis and Crohn's disease [3-5]. In RA, PMN are highly abundant in synovial fluid (SF) during acute flares of the disease [6]. In addition, PMN have been detected at the pannus–cartilage junction at sites of erosion, suggesting that they contribute to cartilage destruction through the release of their proteolytic contents [7,8]. Moreover, PMN obtained from SF from patients with RA were found to produce a number of cytokines and chemotactic factors involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells [9,10]. Because PMN are among the first cells to arrive at an inflammatory site, these observations raise the possibility that SF PMN may be able to perpetuate the inflammatory process through the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. APC = allophycocyanin; DC = dendritic cell; DMEM = Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FCS = fetal calf serum; IL = interleukin; PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PMN = polymorphonuclear neu-
Delineation of genetic zones in the European Norway spruce natural range: preliminary evidence

We applied geostatistics to previously reported chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) haplotype frequency data from 95 European Norway spruce populations to provide preliminary evidence about the following issues: (i) delineation of genetically homogeneous regions (‘genetic zones’); (ii) prediction of their haplotype frequencies and definition of related criteria to be applied for provenance identification and certification of seedlots; (iii) identification of putative allochthonous stands; and (iv) construction of a continental‐scale ‘availability map’ of the intraspecific biodiversity for Norway spruce. Direct evidence of large‐scale geographical structure over the European natural range was obtained, detecting both geographical clines and stationary patterns. The increase of the mean genetic divergence by geographical distance (up to approximately 1800 km apart) provided a strong hint that geographical distance is a major factor of differentiation in Norway spruce. Haplotype frequency surfaces were obtained by applying ordinary kriging to sampling frequency data. Cluster analysis carried out on haplotype frequency surfaces revealed a fair discrimination among 16 genetic zones, with an accuracy of 0.916. Dendrogram analysis carried out on the predicted mean haplotype frequency confirmed a fairly good separability of the genetic zones detected. Reclassification of populations by discriminant analysis confirmed the robustness of the genetic subdivision obtained. Combining the information from discriminant analysis and cross‐validation of sampling points, three populations likely to be of nonlocal origin were identified. The application of geostatistical analysis to genetic marker data is discussed in relation to breeding activities and to the formulation of appropriate conservation strategies.
Lactobacillus frigidus n.sp. isolated from brewery yeast.

SUMMARY: Details are given of a new species of the genus Lactobacillus isolated from a sample of brewery yeast. The cells appear as short thick rods, mainly in pairs and small clumps. This organism, which ferments arabinose, xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose and sucrose, has the low optimum temperature of 22-23° and fails to grow above 30°. It has been named Lactobacillus frigidus.
The Effect of Aging and the High-Frequency Auditory Threshold on Speech-Evoked Mismatch Negativity in a Noisy Background

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been widely used to study the function of central auditory processing in the elderly. However, current research has not yet considered the effect of noise and high-frequency hearing threshold on MMN in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging and high-frequency hearing loss on speech-related MMN in noisy backgrounds. Additionally, the possible mechanisms of central auditory processing dysfunction in the elderly were investigated. Fifty people aged 61-80 (70 ± 5.8) years were recruited for this study. They were divided into a 61- to 70-year-old group and a 71- to 80-year-old group. Fifty younger adults aged 21-40 (31 ± 5.3) years were recruited as healthy controls. Pure-tone hearing thresholds were recorded. A speech discrimination score (SDS) and a speech-evoked MMN under white noise with a bandwidth from 125 to 8,000 Hz background condition were recorded. The relationships between SDS and MMN latency and amplitude were analyzed. The effects of age and binaural 2,000-, 4,000- and 8,000-Hz pure-tone hearing thresholds on MMN latency and amplitude were analyzed. We found that the hearing thresholds of 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 Hz in the 61- to 70-year-old and 71- to 80-year-old groups were higher than those in the control group. The SDS in a noisy background in the 61- to 70-year-old and 71- to 80-year-old groups were lower than those in the control group. Speech-evoked MMN latency was longer in the 61- to 70-year-old and in the 71- to 80-year-old groups than in the control group (215.8 ± 14.2 ms). SDS and speech-evoked MMN latency were negatively correlated. Age and speech-evoked MMN latency were positively correlated, as were the binaural 4,000- to 8,000-Hz pure-tone hearing thresholds and speech-evoked MMN. This study suggests that in elderly subjects, the function of preattentive central auditory processing changes. Additionally, increasing age and high-frequency hearing thresholds create a synergy in neurons that is weakened in the MMN time window, which may be a cause of central auditory processing disorders in elderly subjects in noisy background conditions.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissue augments lipolysis

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle important for protein synthesis and folding, lipid synthesis and Ca2+ homoeostasis. Consequently, ER stress or dysfunction affects numerous cellular processes and has been implicated as a contributing factor in several pathophysiological conditions. Tunicamycin induces ER stress in various cell types in vitro as well as in vivo. In mice, a hallmark of tunicamycin administration is the development of fatty livers within 24–48 hrs accompanied by hepatic ER stress. We hypothesized that tunicamycin would induce ER stress in adipose tissue that would lead to increased lipolysis and subsequently to fatty infiltration of the liver and hepatomegaly. Our results show that intraperitoneal administration of tunicamycin rapidly induced an ER stress response in adipose tissue that correlated with increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol along with decreased adipose tissue mass and lipid droplet size. Furthermore, we found that in addition to fatty infiltration of the liver as well as hepatomegaly, lipid accumulation was also present in the heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. To corroborate our findings to a clinical setting, we examined adipose tissue from burned patients where increases in lipolysis and the development of fatty livers have been well documented. We found that burned patients displayed significant ER stress within adipose tissue and that ER stress augments lipolysis in cultured human adipocytes. Our results indicate a possible role for ER stress induced lipolysis in adipose tissue as an underlying mechanism contributing to increases in circulating FFAs and fatty infiltration into other organs.
Increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders: population-based cohort study

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the incidence rates and risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss among patients with depressive disorders. Method: Data for 27 547 patients with newly diagnosed depressive disorders and 27 547 subjects without depressive disorders between 2001 and 2008 were yielded from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence at the end of 2011 was determined. Cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard ratio were computed. Results: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence was 1.45 times higher in the depressive disorders group compared to the non-depressive disorders group (p = 0.0041), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.460. A significant increased risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss was noted in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest an increased risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders. Co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia significantly aggravated the risk. Depressive disorders might be considered a risk factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. It remains to be seen whether control of depressive disorders can decrease the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders.
Comparative study of mammography and sonography in breast lump with fine needle aspiration cytology correlation

Introduction: Breast diseases are common pathological condition affecting female of all age group. Breast diseases ranges from benign conditions such as fibroadenoma, galactocele, cysts, breast abscess, duct ectasia, fibroadenosis to malignant conditions such as breast cancer. The most common presentation in breast disease is breast lump which needs to be investigated and diagnosed because of high incidence of breast cancer. Material and Method: 100 patients reporting with complaints of breast lump in surgical OPD were taken up for the study. Patients underwent mammography and sonography investigation. The findings found with mammography and ultrasonography were confirmed with findings of fine needle aspiration cytology to know sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of mammography and ultrasonography in diagnosing palpable breast lump conditions Result: In case of benign lesions sensitivity of mammography was 56.75% specificity was 100% and the positive predictive value was 100%. Ultrasonography sensitivity was 97.30% and specificity was 92.3% and the positive predictive value was 97.29%. Combined approach sensitivity was 97.30% and specificity was 100% and positive predictive value was 100%. In case of malignant lesions sensitivity of mammography was 84.61% specificity was 94.59% and positive predictive value was 84.61%. Ultrasonography sensitivity was 92.30% and specificity was 97.29% positive predictive value was 92.30%. Sensitivity for combined approach was 100% and specificity was 97.29% and positive predictive value was 92.85%. Conclusion: In case of malignancy although mammography was believed to be more sensitive screening method than Ultrasonography but in context of palpable malignancies targeted ultrasonography is definitively better and combination of both gives further better results.