Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expresión morfológica de la arteria renal: un estudio anatómico directo en población mestiza colombiana

La irrigacion de los rinones es proporcionada usualmente por una arteria renal unica; sin embargo, variaciones en este patronhan sidofrecuentemente reportadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las caracteristicas morfologicas y frecuencia de las arterias renales en material cadaverico de una poblacion mestiza de Bucaramanga (Colombia). La muestra incluyo 195rinones, correspondiendo 57 (14,6%) y 333 (85,4%) acadaveres femeninos y masculinosrespectivamente. Las arterias renales fueron inyectadas con resina sintetica (palatal GP41L),luego de la polimerizacion de la resina, fueron sumergidos en solucion de KOH, para la corrosion del parenquima renal. Los bloques renales presentaron una arteria renalunica en un 74,9%,y arterias renales adicionales en un 25,1%. El largo promedio de las arterias renales derechas e izquierdas fue 34,6 mm y 28,6 mm respectivamente(p < 0,001). El diametro renal fue de 4,87 mm. El diametro mayor de las arterias renales adicionales fue menor que el de la arteria renal unica, con una diferencia significativa (p= 0,0000). Las arterias renales se originaron con mayor frecuencia (85%) de la parte anterolateral de la aorta. La arteria renal emergio por anterior en un 49,2%, aunque ambas arterias estaban localizadas al mismo nivel en un 34,4%. Los polos renales recibieron su irrigacion de las ramas de la division anterior en un 46,4% y 55,9%, en el polo superior e inferior respectivamente. No existieron diferencias significativas en las caracteristicas con respecto al sexo. Las arterias renales presentan gran variabilidad en su expresion morfologica con respecto a su emergencia y nivel de ramificacion.
Weathering geochemistry and Sr‐Nd fingerprints of equatorial upper Nile and Congo muds

This study investigates processes of sediment generation in equatorial central Africa. An original, complete and integrated mineralogical‐geochemical database on silt‐sized sediments derived from different parent rocks (basalt, granite, gneiss, metapsammite, sandstone) along the East African Rift from 5°S in Tanzania to 5°N in Sudan is presented and used to assess the incidence of diverse factors controlling sediment composition (source‐rock lithology, geomorphology, hydraulic sorting, grain size, recycling), with particular emphasis on chemical weathering.
TIME-VARYING CHANNELS WITH SIDE INFORMATION AND SEPARATION PRINCIPLE

The separation principle since its introduction by Shannon for ergodic sources and discrete memoryless channels has been a guideline in designing communication systems. It states that separate optimization of source and channel coding modules is optimum and by joint optimization of sourceand channel coder, the overallperformance of the system cannot be improved any further. Therefore, to achieve minimum end-toend distortion, one has to transmit information at maximum rate at which reliable communication is possible. In this paper, we consider a class of time-varying channels where the impulse response of the channel changes with time. We consider the cases where the side information regarding the state of the channel is available at the receiver and/or the transmitter. Availability of the channel state information at the receiver can result in the possibility of using different channel codes based on the state of the channel. At the same time, having this information at the transmitter can be used to transmit signals over the channel with time-varying power. It has been shown that that availability of this information at both the transmitter and the receiver can increase the rate at which information is transmitted reliably [5]. We show that this is also the case when these information are available at either the receiver or the transmitter alone. We also demonstrate that if the channel side information is available at the receiver, the separation principle does not hold any longer. Specifically, when the state infor mation is present at both the receiver and the transmitter, then for the time-varying additive noise Gaussian channels with constraint on the average power, the power allo cation that achieves maximum capacity is, in general, not the same as when minimum end-to-end distortion is targeted. Explicit power control algorithms for narrow-band Rayleigh fading channels are found and shown that different power allocation strategy and considerable overall improvement can be expected when rate-distortion function of the source is taken into consideration. We also show that for time-varying channels with informed receiver superposition codes constructed in a similar fashion as for broadcast channels can be used to achieve the capacity. Indeed, this class of channels is a generalization of the broadcast channels. Both for the time-varying channels with informed receiver and the broadcast channels, the separation principle fails and different channel codes should be used based on the distortion-rate function of the source. Finally, time-varying channels with informed transmitter are investigated and shown that the capacity of these channels are achieved through allocation of power based on the state of the channel.
GARY BECKER’S CONTRIBUTIONS IN HEALTH ECONOMICS

Gary Becker's contributions to health economics started somewhat indirectly. The early development in human capital theory, to which Becker was one of the main contributors, had obvious implications to the analysis of expenditures on health, but were almost exclusively focused on schooling and training (Schultz 1960; Becker 1962, 1964). Human capital theory advanced the idea that actions that imply present costs but enhanced individual productivity in the future could be seen as investments in a form of capital. Expenditures in health had many dimensions where such trade-offs were present. A good diet or exercising might not be very much fun, but potentially delivered long-term benefits in the form of a longer and healthier life. Preventive medical care demanded time and money, but might also improve future health prospects. This was recognized early on (Mushkin, 1962), but the first explorations of health as human capital were conceptually timid and did not give the field a push that remotely resembled that received by the economic research on education. For the years that followed, health economics persisted mostly as a field dealing with the analysis of health systems and delivery of health technologies.
Cartographies of Race and Class: Mapping the Class‐Monopoly Rents of American Subprime Mortgage Capital

The worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression has drawn worldwide attention to America's subprime mortgage sector and its linkages with predatory exploitation in working-class and racially marginalized communities. During nearly two decades of expansion, agents of subprime capital fought regulation and reform by (1) using the doctrine of risk-based pricing to equate financial innovation with democratized access to capital, (2) appealing to the cultural myths of the 'American Dream' of homeownership, and (3) dismissing well-documented cases of racial discrimination and predatory abuse as anecdotal evidence of rare problems confined to a few lost-cause places in what is otherwise a benevolent free-market landscape. In this article, we challenge these three tactics. Properly adapted and updated, Harvey's (1974) theory of class-monopoly rent allows us to map and interpret the localized, neighborhood exploitations of class and race in several hundred US metropolitan areas as they were woven through Wall Street securitization conduits into global networks of debt and investment. Understanding the structural inequalities of class-monopoly rent is essential for analysis, organizing, and policy responses to the crisis. Copyright (c) 2009 The Authors. Journal Compilation (c) 2009 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Size, Age and the Growth of Firms: New Evidence from Quantile Regressions

The nexus between firm growth, size and age in U.S. manufacturing is examined through the lens of quantile regression models. A number of interesting features are unveiled that linear frameworks could not detect. Size pushes both low and high performing firms towards the median rate of growth, while age is never advantageous, and more so as firms grow faster.
Empirical Selection of Optimal Portfolios and its Influence in the Estimation of Kreps-Porteus Utility Function Parameters

This paper investigates the effects on the estimation of parameters related to the elasticity of intertemporal substitution and risk aversion, of the selection of different portfolios to represent the optimal aggregate wealth endogenously derived in equilibrium models with Kreps-Porteus recursive utility. We argue that the usual stock market wide index is not a good portfolio to represent optimal wealth of the representative agent, and we propose as an alternative the portfolio from the Investment Fund Industry. Especially for Brazil, where that industry invests most of its resources in fixed income, the aforementioned substitution of the optimal proxy portfolio caused a significant increase in the risk aversion coefficient and the elasticity of the intertemporal substitution in consumption.
Pygmalion in the classroom

In 1965 the authors conducted an experiment in a public elementary school, telling teachers that certain children could be expected to be “growth spurters,” based on the students' results on the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition. In point of fact, the test was nonexistent and those children designated as “spurters” were chosen at random. What Rosenthal and Jacobson hoped to determine by this experiment was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce changes in student achievement.
Running head: SOCIAL ROLE EFFECTS IN GERMANY AND JAPAN

Social role theory postulates that gender stereotypes are restrained for men and women observed in the same social role. Cultural differences in the valuation of communal attributes might moderate this effect. To examine this possibility, 288 participants (144 German, 144 Japanese) estimated the communal and agentic attributes of an average man or woman described in a male-dominated role, a female-dominated role, or without role information. We hypothesized and found that in Germany and Japan, participants perceived men as more agentic than women without role information and as similarly agentic in the same role. However, for communion, German and Japanese participants reacted differently. German participants perceived women as more communal than men without role information and in male-dominated roles and perceived men as more communal than women in female-dominated roles. Japanese participants perceived all targets as similarly communal, regardless of role or gender, suggesting that communion is generally expected in Japan.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Extract of Lippia adoensis Leaf Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Liver disease is one of the fatal diseases. Medicinal plants may serve as one ofthe best sources of remedies for treatment of liver disease. Identification of a potential therapeutic agent for protection of liver from hepatotoxins provides a useful way for the prevention of liver related illnesses. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of 80% ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves of Lippia adoensis againstcarbontetrachloride induced liver injury in mice. Mice were pretreated with extract of Lippia adoensis (200 & 400 mg/kg bw. po) for 7 days and then challenged with CCl4 (0.2 ml/100 gm p. o) on the 7th day. Serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin) were estimated in all the study groups. Histopathological examination was also carried out for all groups of mice. CCl4 significantly (P < 0.001) increased the AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin levels and decreased the level of total protein and albumin indicating hepatic damage. Pretreatment with theextract of Lippia adoensis (200 & 400 mg/kg) produced significant (P < 0.001) hepatoprotective effects as evidenced by decreased serum enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and serum bilirubin and increase the level of total protein and albumin as well as by histopathological findings of the liver. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of CCl4 group represented the presence of marked foci of mononuclear inﬁltration in the hepatic parenchyma tissue, sinusoid and around central vein, as well as disorganization of hepatic plates, whilepretreatment with extract of Lippia adoensis overcome most of these changes to normal histological architecture of the liver. Body weights of Lippia adoensis extract treated groups increased significantly (P < 0.001) as compared to carbontetrachloride treated group. The absolute and relative liver weights of extracts treated mice decreased significantly (P < 0.001) as compared to those treated with CCl4. The results obtained from both ethanolic and aqueous extract of Lippia adoensis were comparable with those of the standard drug, Silymarin. It can be concluded from the present study that bothethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lippia adoensis have hepatoprotective effect.
Cross-Cultural Emotion Recognition among Canadian Ethnic Groups

This study aims to investigate cultural differences in recognition accuracy as well as the in-group advantage hypothesis for emotion recognition among sub-Saharan African, Chinese, and French Canadian individuals living in Canada. The participants viewed expressions of happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and shame selected from the Montreal Set of Facial Displays of Emotion. These data did not support the in-group advantage hypothesis under the condition of stimulus equivalence. However, both encoder and decoder effects were found. Specifically, French Canadians were more accurate for the decoding of expressions of shame and sadness. Moreover, fear expressions were best recognized when shown by sub-Saharan Africans, suggesting an effect of salience of expressive cues due to morphological features of the face.
Feasibility Study of Pultruded Blades for Wind Turbine Rotors

In work performed under subcontract to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a preliminary design study and proof-of-concept field test were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using pultruded blades for wind turbine rotors. A 400 kW turbine was selected for the design study, and a scaled 80 kW rotor was fabricated and tested as a demonstration of the concept. To examine the feasibility of pultruded blades, several issues were addressed, including power performance, tower strikes, yaw stability, stall flutter, fatigue, and rotor cost. Results showed that with proper design, rotors using pultruded blades demonstrate acceptable fatigue life and stable yaw behavior without tower strikes. Furthermore, blades using this technology may be manufactured for approximately half the cost of conventional blades. Field tests of the scaled rotor provided experimental data on power performance and loads while verifying stable yaw operation.
A Survey Of the Privacy Preferences and Practices of Iranian Users of Telegram

—Telegram is a secure messaging application that offers a wide variety of privacy and security features, but these features must be activated or chosen by users, rather than being turned on by default. At the same time, Telegram has a large number of users in Iran, who may potentially have a high need for privacy and security. In this paper, we present a survey of about 400 Iranian users of Telegram, living both inside and outside of Iran, exploring their privacy preferences and their use of Telegram’s available privacy and security features. We ﬁnd that the overwhelming majority of respondents feel it is important that messaging applications protect the privacy of their messages, yet their adoption of the available privacy and security features is mixed. We discuss in detail these varying practices and how the design of Telegram inﬂuences adoption of various features. We ﬁnish by discussing recommendations for improving the design of Telegram and similar secure messaging applications so that they place a greater priority on protecting privacy.
Knowledge Regarding Biomedical Waste Management among the Staff Nurses

Background: Biomedical waste means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or research activities pertaining their production or testing of human anatomical waste, animal waste, microbiology and biotechnological wastes, waste sharps, discarded medicine and cytotoxic drugs, solid wastes liquid waste incineration ash, chemical waste etc. So inadequate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the patients and their environment. The objective was to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding biomedical waste management. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at SSH, BHU Varanasi. It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. A total of 50 staff nurses participated in the present study, randomly chosen from various departments. Results: Showed that the staff nurses had average knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. The planned teaching programme was found effective because post test knowledge was better than the pre test knowledge score among staff nurses. Conclusion: Nurses should be given a opportunity to update their knowledge regarding bio-medical waste management so that the importance of training regarding biomedical waste management needs emphasis; lack of proper and complete knowledge about biomedical waste management impacts practices of appropriate waste disposal.
ON THE USE OF INTERNET ROBOTS FOR OFFICIAL STATISTICS

1. This paper reports on activities relating to the use of so called internet robots for official statistics at Statistics Netherlands in recent years. In short, internet robots are programs that imitate operations performed by a human visiting websites via a browser to store interesting data from these sites. Starting with some early prototypes back in 2009, Statistics Netherlands has experimented with this new method of data collection in various projects. Now, in 2014, we look back at the results, the lessons learned and expectations for the future.
Antagonistic effect of bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis against food-borne pathogens

Preservation of food items through natural and biological methods has become a norm in order to prevent huge financial losses that may be incurred as a result of contamination of raw foods and/or food products. Biological preservation methods help avert the chances of food born ailments thus ensuring the fulfillment of ever-increasing global food requirements. Growing skepticism among the customers in recent years regarding food safety and preservatives used in food industry has fetched remarkable consideration to the use of Bacillus bacteriocin in food processing as well as human health care. Bacillus subtilis was isolated from soil samples for determination of its microscopic and biochemical characteristics. The proteinaceous antimicrobial compounds were extracted through ammonium sulfate precipitation method. The bacteriocin was partially purified through SDS-PAGE; optimization of bacteriocin at different pH levels, heating temperatures and storage conditions was performed. Indicator strains were procured from CMS, UAF, Faisalabad. The antimicrobial assays of extracted bacteriocin were determined on Mueller-Hinton media through agar well diffusion method. The extracted bacteriocin showed comparatively better antibacterial activity against indicator Staphylococcus aureus followed by E. coli and Salmonella. Maximum activity was observed at pH 7, heating temperature 37°C and storage 4°C, comparatively higher activity against Gram positive bacteria was noticed. Keywords: Biological preservation; Economic losses; Antimicrobial compounds; Optimization http://dx.doi. org/10.19045/bspab.2017. 60060
Research on Emotion in Organizations Emerald Book Chapter: Chapter 12 Emotion Regulation Strategies among Customer Service Employees: A Motivational Approach

In this study, we proposed and tested a motivational framework of emotional labor. This model incorporates positive and negative affect, motivation to express positive emotions, emotion regulation strategies (emotion suppression, reappraisal, and naturally felt emotions), and job satisfaction. Based on a sample of 147 employees, results generally supported our hypotheses and indicated that employees’ motivation to express positive emotions leads to the expression of the naturally felt emotions and the use of reappraisal. In contrast, motivated employees used less emotion suppression in their work. Hence, employees’ motivation seems to facilitate the adoption of a more authentic stance toward customers. Moreover, employees’ affectivity impacted emotional labor strategies. Finally, replicating past findings, job satisfaction was associated with a more authentic demeanor. This chapter contributes to emotional labor theory by extending our comprehension of emotional labor antecedents, which have been relatively under-investigated by emotion researchers. Moreover, this study demonstrated that self-determination theory is a relevant framework to better understand the emotional labor process. Overall, this motivational approach to the study of emotional labor can lead to more extensive research on emotional labor antecedents.
Self-regulating mechanisms in cannibalistic populations of juvenile shore crabs Carcinus maenas

Juvenile cannibalism may play an important role in population regulation of marine organisms with juvenile stages that aggregate in nursery habitats. I conducted a series of field and laboratory experiments to assess whether three potential density-depen- dent mechanisms could regulate local recruitment of juvenile shore crabs Carcinus maenas in Swedish nursery areas: (1) intracohort cannibalism, (2) juvenile cannibals' functional response to smaller conspecific prey densities, and (3) juvenile cannibals' numerical effect on prey survival. Juvenile cannibals in mesocosms displayed a type III (sigmoid) density-dependent func- tional response, resulting in significantly higher proportional mortality of smaller conspe- cifics at high prey densities. Consistent with the laboratory result, cage-enclosed juvenile cannibals in a field experiment eliminated conspecific settlement peaks in mussel habitats and decoupled the relationship between larval and settlement abundance within three days. Density-dependent interference between cannibals in mesocosms decreased per capita pre- dation rates, but conspecific prey mortality still increased with cannibal densities when the abundance of cannibals passed a critical threshold, suggesting that the recruitment success of consecutive cohorts may be negatively correlated. This was supported in a field exper- iment where the abundance of juvenile cannibals explained 71% of the variation in settle- ment loss from uncaged mussel habitats. Density-dependent cannibalism also occurred within juvenile cohorts even though food was provided in excess, but the resulting mortality was too low to eliminate initial density patterns over a 30-day period. The results demonstrate that cannibalism between juvenile shore crabs can cause high and strongly density-dependent mortality at natural densities, and that both a functional response and a numerical effect of larger cannibals can regulate the recruitment of new cohorts within days of settlement. A coupling of cannibal and settlement densities on a regional scale is expected to decrease recruitment variability within and between local populations. Moreover, the interaction between the type III functional response, mutual interference, and density-dependent dispersal of cannibals is predicted to reduce canni- balistic rates at low prey and high cannibal densities, respectively, and stabilize local population dynamics in relation to the abundance of juvenile habitats, consistent with field observations of shore crab populations in the study area.