Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of December snow cover over North America on January surface air temperature over the midlatitude Asia

The impact of North American (NA) snow cover on the Northern Hemisphere climate has drawn increasing attention in recent years. This study reveals a negative relationship between NA snow cover in December and surface air temperature (SAT) over the midlatitude Asia in the following January. The results show that, in December, the extensive snow cover decreases SAT over NA via local diabatic cooling, which further intensifies the Atlantic jet stream by enlarging the meridional gradient of the 1,000‐ to 300‐hPa layer thickness, especially along 40°N. Meanwhile, we found negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Western North Atlantic and enhanced transient eddy activity over the Eastern North Atlantic due to anomalous net energy conversion from the mean flow. In January, a zonally oriented dipole of transient eddy anomalies straddles the North Atlantic, with the negative–positive (west–east) anomaly centres attributing to local oceanic cooling and the persistence of the eddy–mean flow interaction, respectively. Such dipole of transient eddy activity in turn favours the downstream development of the Atlantic jet stream. Besides, the changes in surface turbulent heat flux over the North Atlantic trigger a Rossby wave train that propagates across Europe and towards the Far East. Coincident with the strengthened Siberian High and the accelerated East Asian jet stream in January, SAT decreases over the midlatitude Asia. Hence, our analysis indicates that December NA snow cover could potentially be exploited for subseasonal predictability over Asia.
Attribution of Detected Temperature Trends in Southeast Brazil

Southeast Brazil has great economic importance for Brazil and is highly vulnerable to extreme events like floods and droughts. Studies have shown an increase of temperature in this region. Using a new detection and attribution framework (Ribes et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3079-6) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models, this change is found to be largely due to greenhouse gases. We estimate that greenhouse gases contribute a warming of 0.95 to 1.5 °C to the observed warming trend of 1.1 °C between 1955 and 2004. Temperature changes from natural and nongreenhouse gas anthropogenic forcing are estimated to be small over this period. Results are robust using different time windows. Using the Community Earth System Model ensembles to evaluate the impacts of internal variability, observational and model error shows that most uncertainty arises from model error.
Performance of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Structures When Subjected to Passive Forces

ii Acknowledgments. iv List of Tables . xiv List of Figures . xiv Chapter I: Introduction . 1 a. Statement of Need . 1 b. Proposal of Work . 2 c. Research Objective . 2 d. Scope of Work . 3 Chapter II: Background and Literature Review . 4 a. Mechanically Stabilized Earth . 4 i. Reinforcement Types . 5 1. Strips . 5 2. Planks . 6 3. Geogrids . 6 4. Geotextile Sheet Reinforcement . 10 5. Composite Reinforcement . 12 vi ii. Applications of Mechanically Stabilized Earth . 14 1. Concrete Faced Mechanically Stabilized Bridge Abutments . 14 2. GRS-IBS Bridge Abutments . 14 3. Dams . 17 4. Embankments . 20 5. Foundations . 22 6. Highways . 23 7. Retaining Structures . 24 8. Railways . 25 iii. Geosynthetic Sheet Reinforcement Theory . 26 b. Soil Shear Strength Theory . 30
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT DI KAWASAN DESA BATU MEKAR KECAMATAN LINGSAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

Herbal plant was all kinds of plant while it is cultivated or not yet. It can used as herbal plants. The treatment used plant was long time ago done by our great grandfather since long time ago. It was to legacy with hereditary from generation to generation. To knew how much herbal plant was knew by communities in Batu Mekar Village, Lingsar, West Lombok and viewed what kind of plant has merit as medicine , so it needed to do a research activity knew kinds of herbal plants in Batu Mekar. This research was descriptive and explorative research used qualitative and quantitative approach. With sampling technique was snow ball sampling. The data was collected by interview with all shaman. The observation to field and documentation . the result of this research showed that the identification kinds of herbal plants in Batu Mekar wasvery kinds. It is found 43 kinds of merit herbal plants its can used for treatment all kinds of illness. The benefit of 43 kinds herbal plants used for treatment illness from small and big illness , and the benefit of all parts from that herbal plants with extraction one plant or mixed with other plant.
Embodied, Intelligent and Empathic: Reframing Autism Using Insider Perspectives

Background: To date, academic and clinical conceptualizations of autism have been built on research that reflects the perspectives of researchers and scholars, to the exclusion of the perspectives of autistic insiders. Objectives: To build deeper understanding of autism, especially its associated characteristics and behaviours, by examining the perspectives of people who identify as autistic. Research Process: Adopting a descriptive qualitative approach, I conducted three sequential studies. In the first study, I used inductive thematic analysis of memoirs for an early exploration of insider perspectives and identification of phenomena of interest. Through this, I identified experiences of being misjudged and embodied autism as primary phenomena of interest. In the second study, I used directed content analysis of blogs to pursue a deepened understanding of embodied autism. In the third study, I used the dataset from Study #2 and applied inductive thematic analysis to the blog content to more closely examine insider framings of autism. Results: The informants in this research conceptualize autism and explain its characteristic behaviours in ways that are fundamentally different from the dominant framing of autism. When explaining their autistic behaviours and functional challenges, the informants highlight embodied issues such as difficulty controlling movements and maintaining an adaptive level of arousal. The informants frequently experience being misjudged and misunderstood and
The Socialization of Bullying Through Community College Nursing Education: A Multiple Case Study

THE SOCIALIZATION OF BULLYING THROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE NURSING EDUCATION: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY Margaret M. O'Connor Machon Old Dominion University, 2012 Director: Mitchell R. Williams Many recent studies propose that bullying in the workplace is prevalent and is a phenomenon which occurs in the nursing workplace as well as in nursing education. This qualitative study examined the effects of vertical bullying upon community college nursing students and graduates, and the effect of this behavior upon the socialization of those learning the nursing profession. The study is based on a theoretical framework based on the findings of Salin (2003) and Twale and De Luca (2008) adapting their theory of bullying in academia which incorporated enabling, motivating and precipitating factors leading to intensified bullying. The study investigated the effects vertical bullying has on nursing student and graduate behavior, the socialization of vertical bullying through education, and its possible connection to nursing hierarchy and the academic structure supporting bullying through nursing education.
ERP Evidence for Cognitive Modulation of Face-Race Classification

—This paper explores the cognitive factors that can adjust the other-race classification advantage (ORCA). 26 Han people and Uygur ethic people were selected to complete the event-related potential (ERP) experiment on different ethnic race classifications. In the experiment, the participants were required to classify a group of randomly selected target race faces to introduce cognitive factors into the task. Over the experiment, it is found that faces of non-target races can be classified faster. When the target race is inconsistent with the race of the participant, larger amplitude of P1 component can be observed. The components of N170 and thereafter are not regulated by cognitive needs, no matter which race of face is observed by the participant. The experimental result confirms the competition hypothesis of recognition/classification, predicting that the “race classification advantage” is driven by the different allocations of the processed resources rather than being decisive by the actual facial attributes.
Fatigue of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel: The influence of porosity and surface roughness

This is an open access article under the terms of the C original work is properly cited. ©2019 The Authors Fatigue & Fracture of Engineer Nomenclature: Ad, defect area; Aeff, effecti defect depth; E, energy density; h, failure sit h0, length of gauge section; Kmax, Mmaximum inverse slope; l, hatch distance; N f , numbe laser power; R, loading ratio; t, layer thicknes scanning speed; ΔK, stress intensity factor r stress intensity factor range; σmax, maximum stress; σnom, nominal stress; σUTS, ultimate ten
Collateral Haircuts and Bond Yields in the European Government Bond Markets

Analyzing a novel collateral haircut dataset, this paper investigates the relations between the collateral haircuts and the yields of Euro-area central government bonds. The empirical analysis shows that investors demand higher yields for bonds with higher collateral haircuts. The importance of collateral haircuts on bond yields remains robust after controlling for the variations in credit quality, market liquidity and the effects of the European sovereign debt crisis.
The Impact of Employee Engagement on Job Insecurity by Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment to Enhance Corporate Performance

Human resources have had a strategic role in both sustainable and competitive business since it is inimitable element of business. The purpose of this research is to investigation the impact of employee engagement (independent variable) on job insecurity (dependent variable) and then moderating role of psychological empowerment of employees in oil and gas sector. These variables have the key significance for their employees and betterment of the organizations. It is a qualitative research, field study through survey methodology, 100 employees of 11 multinational oil and gas companies participated in the study from Pakistan. Cronbach alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchal regression were used for various analyzes of this study. The findings of the research revealed that employee engagement is significant for reducing feelings of insecurity in a job, meanwhile if they are empowered psychologically, their commitment and loyalty is increased many times. Findings of this study will provide the insight to the benefits, challenges and issues related with it.
Quantifying water stress in canola (Brassica napus L.) using crop water stress index

The relationship between canopy temperature and soil moisture is particularly important because of using canopy temperature as an indicator of crop water stress. A field experiment was conducted to calculate crop water stress index (CWSI) of two canola cultivars including RGS and Sarigol at College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran during 2013-2014 growing season. Irrigation regimes consisted of well watered [Irrigation equal to 100% field capacity (FC)], light drought (75% FC), moderate drought (50% FC), and severe drought (25% FC) stresses which were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In RGS and Sarigol, CWSI values showed an increasing trend from March (0.066 and 0.093 in well watered) to June (0.711 and 0.821 in severe drought) respectively, as a result of higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and increase in canopy-air temperature differences (Tc-Ta). In both cultivars, when the air temperature increased from March to June, Tc-Ta increased. The highest monthly average value of CWSI for all treatments was obtained in June. By increasing the drought stress, the color grading score decreased from 6 to 2 sharply in May and June. An acceptable color quality (6 -5) was sustained in May, under light drought condition. Also, a negative relationship was observed between CWSI with color quality (R2=0.94**) and grain yield (R2=0.97**). It could be concluded that in semi-arid areas, light drought is the best option for canola production while mean seasonal CWSI being ranged about 0.198 to 0.294 without any loss in visual color quality of canola.
Exposure to Conditions of High Concentrations of Indoor Air Pollutants and Prevalence of ARIs in Children under 5 Years of Age, in Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso

Exposure to PM2.5 in indoor air can cause respiratory infections. In Ouagadougou, concentrations of PM2.5 produced in households using biomass were found to be very high by WHO standards (25 μg/m3 for 24 hours). The objective of this study was to highlight the effect of exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 emitted during cooking on the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under 5 years of age. This was a case-control study that took place from 16 September to 15 October 2018 in sector 15 of Ouagadougou. The sample size was 125 cases and 250 controls. Data collection was carried out using a grid, by two nurses, at the CSPS in sector 15 and in households. The cases were children diagnosed with ARI and the controls were children diagnosed with a diagnosis other than ARI. The data were entered using Epi data software and analyzed using Stata 12. The associations were expressed in Odds ratios and their confidence intervals were estimated at 95%. The results showed that the use of biomass in indoor kitchens in residential buildings was linked to the occurrence of ARI in children under the age of 5. Living in a house with several bedrooms was a protective factor. This would be explained by the better ventilation within these households.
Research versus Teaching Satisfaction and Research Productivity

Abstract In this study, an exploratory quantitative cross-sectional research design is applied in a study of a large South African university to test theory that relates research productivity to different dimensions of satisfaction, or dissatisfaction. Findings suggest that individuals who derive their primary job satisfaction from teaching are less research productive than individuals that derive their primary job satisfaction from research. Differences between types of satisfaction and their relationships with research productivity are explored further. Recommendations are provided on the basis of the findings.
A Study on Urban Economy and Sub-Culture in the Urban Area

The purchasing power of sexual minorities has continuously increased, creating what has been deemed a “dream market” due to its potential market size. The increase in sexual minorities’ consumer power indicates the community’s growing influence and potential to continue this trend. Particularly, Itaewon, a multi-cultural neighborhood in Seoul, has experienced a growing number of gay (-run and owned) bars, restaurants, and clubs since the late 90s, developing a pink economy. This paper offers social and economic perspectives on the gay district in Itaewon as a case study by analyzing the space and development of Gay Hill. The major objectives of the research is as follows: 1 examining the characteristics of the gay district, 2 investigating how the gay population takes a lead in the community, influencing nearby businesses and the neighborhood as a whole, and 3 analyzing how the pink economy emerges in Itaewon and takes spaces, accompanying the gentrification process as a result. Through a literature review, archives of historical and current newspapers and publications, spatial analysis through GIS, in-depth interviews, and ethnographical observations, this study explores the meaning, characteristics, and occurrences of the gay district in Seoul. This analysis suggests that the pink economy on Gay Hill has provided psychological stability and comfort to the gay population. Moreover, unlike gay districts in other countries, Gay Hill has developed based on commercial activities, rather than residential; in other words, gay agglomerations of commercial activities with a “hip” atmosphere attract people and consequently, contribute to the urban economy through the pink economy. The boundaries of gay culture steadily being transgressed with the mainstream and pink economy is thus in its nurturing stage. At the same time, the gay community is threatened by decreasing tolerance and businesses due to more heterosexuals arriving with the second wave of gentrification, but it is more affected by the slow reduction of gay population visiting Itaewon. Though the pink economy is growing, the public remains unwelcoming of sexual minorities in South Korea – and quantitative methodologies on this segment of the population based on statistics and data are limited. However, this research is meaningful as the study on the role of the gay community in commercialized urban areas and on the pink economy has not been conducted in South Korea. As society begins to accept the identity of sexual minorities and as their economic power increases, there is even a greater need for understanding the complex relationship between sexual minorities and urban space.
Effect of modified nano zinc oxide on physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of gamma-irradiated sawdust/epoxy composites

The present study aims to investigate the influence of modified zinc oxide nanoparticles content on the physico-chemical properties of sawdust/epoxy composite specimens. The results show an improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness with increasing the modified zinc oxide nanoparticles content up to 5%, while the physical properties such as water absorption and thickness swelling percentages are decreased directly with increasing the content of modified zinc oxide. In addition, the behavior of irradiated composite specimens containing 5% modified zinc oxide nanoparticles at different gamma-irradiation doses, 10, 30, and 50 kGy, has been studied. The results indicate that the irradiated composite specimens at 10 kGy have better physico-chemical properties as compared to the unirradiated specimens. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of composite specimens containing 5% modified zinc oxide at 0 kGy and 10 kGy against different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are also discussed. The results demonstrate that the growth activity of fungi and bacteria on the composite specimens are reduced to a great extent as compared to the control composite specimens (0% of zinc oxide nanoparticles). Thermal behavior and morphology of the prepared specimens are detected using thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy technique.
The Response of Tropical Organized Convection to El Niño Warming

Convective organization has a large impact on precipitation and feeds back on larger‐scale circulations in the tropics. The degree of this convective organization changes with modes of climate variability like the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but because organization is not represented in current climate models, a quantitative assessment of these shifts has not been possible. Here, we construct multidecade satellite climatologies of occurrence of tropical convective organization and its properties and assess changes with ENSO phase. The occurrence of organized deep convection becomes more concentrated, increasing threefold in the eastern and central Pacific during El Niño and decreasing twofold outside of these regions. Both horizontal extent of the cold cloud shield and convective depth increase in regions of positive sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa); however, the regions of greatest convective deepening are those of large‐scale ascent, rather than those of warmest SSTa. Extent decreases with SSTa at a rate of about 20 km/K, while the SSTa dependence of depth is only about 0.2 K/K. We introduce two values to describe convective changes with ENSO more succinctly: (1) an information entropy metric to quantify the clustering of convective system occurrences and (2) a growth metric to quantify deepening relative to spreading over the system lifetime. Finally, with collocated precipitation data, we see that rainfall attributable to convective organization jumps up to 5% with warming. Rain intensity and amount increase for a given system size during El Niño, but a given rain amount may actually fall with higher intensity during La Niña.
A new kogiid sperm whale from northern Italy supports psychrospheric conditions in the early Pliocene Mediterranean Sea

Among living cetaceans, dwarf and pygmy sperm whales ( Kogia ) are the only members of the family Kogiidae, regarded as diminutive and elusive relatives of the great sperm whale Physeter . Kogiids are known as fossils by several skulls, teeth, and ear bones from Neogene deposits of the Northern Hemisphere and Peru. We report on a fossil kogiid specimen collected at Sant’Andrea Bagni (northern Italy) from Zanclean marine mudstone; these deposits also yielded a rich deep-water elasmobranch assemblage depicting the presence of Atlantic-derived psychrospheric waters. The kogiid specimen, consisting of a partial cranium, one detached tooth, one vertebra, and one fragmentary rib, is here referred to Pliokogia apenninica gen. et sp. nov. Pliokogia is mostly characterised by a long and dorsally flattened rostrum and by the presence of two well-distinct fossae on the right side of the supracranial basin, including an elongated peripheral maxillary fossa on the posterior portion of the right maxilla. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers Pliokogia as a member of the subfamily Kogiinae, which includes Kogia , Koristocetus , Nanokogia , and Praekogia . A low temporal fossa and the absence of dental enamel suggest that, like extant Kogia, Pliokogia was a suction feeder. Since living kogiids do not inhabit the Mediterranean waters, and considering that they feed on deep-water prey in open-sea areas, the association of Pliokogia with a psychrospheric elasmobranch assemblage with Atlantic affinities is noteworthy. Indeed, in early Pliocene times, the Gibraltar connection was controlled by estuarine dynamics, thus allowing the entrance of deep-water organisms (including the putative prey of Pliokogia ) in the Mediterranean Basin. The subsequent abandonment of the Mediterranean Sea by kogiids might therefore be related to the definitive establishment of the present-day antiestuarine circulation at Gibraltar, which likely led to a limited deep nutrient supply and resulted in the strong depletion of most Mediterranean deep-water ecosystems.
The Long‐run and Short‐run Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Financial Development in African Countries

This paper contributes to the understanding of the other neglected effects of foreign direct investment by analysing how foreign direct investment affects financial development in the short-run and long-run for a panel of 49 African countries over the period 1990-2016. The empirical evidence is based on Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach. With three panels differentiated by income level, the following findings are established: first, while there is a positive and significant long-run relationship between foreign direct investment and financial development in Africa, in the short-run the effect of foreign direct investment on financial development is negative. Second, the effect of foreign direct investment is positive and significant in the long-run in the three sub-samples. However, in the short-run, the effect of foreign direct investment is negative and significant in lower-income countries and non-significant in lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries. Overall we find a strong evidence supporting the view that foreign direct investment promotes financial development in African countries in the long-run.