Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Service-sector Guilds and the Challenge of Liberalization: The organization of maritime-cargo handling in Barcelona, c.1760-1840

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo elucidar el sub-sector del manejo de la carga maritima en Barcelona (1760-1840) para mejor entender la funcion de los gremios de servicios. En especial analiza como reaccionaron estos gremios al desarrollo progresivo del liberalismo, que represento un reto considerable al sistema gremial. De esta manera, la tesis contribuye a la historiografia de los estudios de gremios europeos y de la historia de trabajo en el ambito maritimo. Es notable que el objeto de estudio se encuentre como un outlier (o, caso atipico) en varios campos, ya que en los estudios de gremios hay poca atencion puesta en el sector de servicios, y en los estudios de trabajo maritimo hay muy pocas investigaciones sobre la epoca artesanal. A nivel de historia local, existen unas pocas publicaciones sobre los gremios tratados aqui, pero en su mayoria se enfocan en un solo gremio, desconectado del resto de componentes del universo del trabajo portuario. Entre los temas tratados se encuentran: el analisis del sistema gremial europeo en general y la diferenciacion de estos gremios de servicios; un acercamiento al entendimiento socio-espacial del puerto (con casos comparativos); la definicion socio-juridica y economica de los gremios tratados; el avance progresivo del liberalismo en Espana y particularmente en Barcelona; y las estrategias de los diferentes gremios del sub-sector del manejo de la carga maritima frente las reformas y aboliciones liberales del sistema gremial. Basado en literatura secundaria principalmente en castellano, catalan e ingles, y en fuentes primarias mayoritariamente en castellano, el tesis se presenta en ingles, con un resumen exhaustivo en castellano.
Effects of oestrone and progesterone on collagen and ascorbic acid content in the endometrium and myometrium of the rat.

Although endometrial progestational differentiation appears to be regulated precisely by ovarian steroid hormones (Yochim & DeFeo, 1963), little evidence is available concerning the hormonal effects on uterine collagen during the preimplantation stages of progestation. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of oestrone and progesterone on endometrial and myometrial collagen content in the rat during the oestrous cycle and early pseudopregnancy. Hydroxyproline content was used as an index of extractable collagen, and ascorbic acid was also measured, since this vitamin has been implicated in the hydroxylation of proline during collagen production (Gould, 1958). Adult female Holtzman rats (200-300 g) were caged individually in temperature (23 \m=+-\ 1\s=deg\C)- and light-controlled (14 hr light/24 hr) quarters. Animals were allowed unrestricted access to food and water, and vaginal smears for each rat were recorded daily for at least 2 or 3 cycles before use. Pseudopregnancy was induced by mechanical stimulation of the cervix during pro-oestrus and oestrus. The last day of vaginal cornification was designated Day 0 of pseudopregnancy and the first day of vaginal leucocytic infiltration was Day 1. Ovariectomy was performed at 09.00-12.00 hours on Day 0 under ether anaesthesia, and at this time 1 -0 µg oestrone, 2-0 mg progesterone, or the combina¬ tion of these steroids was injected s.c. in 0-1 ml sesame oil each day. These hormone doses have been shown to maintain uterine sensitivity to decidualization in a manner similar to that in intact pseudo-pregnant animals (Yochim & DeFeo, 1962, 1963).
Children's recognition of dangerous household products: child development and poisoning risk.

OBJECTIVE Preliterate children may be poisoned because they fail to distinguish safe versus hazardous household products. METHODS Study 1: A total of 228 children aged 18-54 months completed four tasks assessing ability to recognize product safety. Study 2: A total of 68 children aged 17-31 months chose products to drink from pairs of dangerous versus beverage bottles. Study 3: A total of 119 children aged 18-42 months sorted 12 objects into toys, things you can drink, and things that are bad/dangerous. RESULTS Left alone, children frequently touched dangerous household products. Children frequently misidentified poisonous products as safe. Some developmental trends emerged. The following packaging features apparently helped children recognize danger: black bottle color; opaque packaging; salient symbols like insects; lack of pointy spouts; squared, not round, bottles; and metal, not plastic, containers. CONCLUSIONS Developing cognition helps preliterate children distinguish safe from dangerous household products. Multiple aspects of product packaging may reduce child poisoning risk if implemented by industry or policy.
Person-Centered Personality Theory: Support from Self-Determination Theory And Positive Psychology

The present article examines the person-centered personality theory of Carl Rogers in light of recent developments in theory and research within the emergent discipline of positive psychology. In particular, the theoretical observations and research findings from selfdetermination theory are reviewed. It is argued that at the metatheoretical level, person-centered theory and self-determination theory provide similar perspectives, and thus the empirical evidence testing aspects of self-determination theory is equally supportive of the account of personality development, psychological functioning, and the process of therapeutic growth, as hypothesized within person-centered theory. This is an observation that will be of theoretical interest and practical relevance to those who specialize in person-centered therapies. These observations on person-centered metatheoretical assumptions also promise to be of interest to positive psychologists.
DEFECTIVE STEROIDAL BIOGENESIS IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

Dr. Alfred M. Bongiovanni is a young man who started research work as an investigator at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, even before he received his B.S. degree from Villanova College in 1940. While at Villanova, Dr. Bongiovanni received the Kolmer Medal for Excellence in Science. In 1943 he received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, following which he immediately served a 2-year tour of duty in the United States Navy. After discharge from the Navy, he filled residencies at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 1947 to 1949. During the years 1949 and 1950, Dr. Bongiovanni served as Assistant Physician at the Rockefeller Institute in New York and in 1950-51 returned to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia as Assistant Director of Clinics. In 1951 he was appointed the National Foundation of Infantile Paralysis Fellow to the Research Division of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. New opportunities and promotions quickly followed with an appointment as Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Johns Hopkins in 1952; Senior Research Associate in the Pediatric Endocrine Division and Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania in 1954; and in 1955 Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the same university. Dr. Bongiovanni is a Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatrics and a member of the Editorial Board of the American Journal of Medical Sciences and of numerous professional societies. In 1956 Dr. Bongiovanni received the Ciba Award. Dr. Bongiovanni has been author of about 50 articles, the great majority of which are on endocrinology and at least 23 of them with Dr. Eberlein, who is the co-recipient with Dr. Bongiovanni of this Award, as a co-author.
Seeking to Adopt in Florida: Lesbian and Gay Parents Navigate the Legal Process

Utilizing interview data from 22 lesbian and gay parents in Florida, the current exploratory study examined participants’ experiences navigating the legal and social service systems after the repeal of the Florida ban on gay adoption. Participants reported both positive and negative experiences in seeking out lawyers (e.g., some attorneys were accommodating and knowledgeable about gay adoption; others demonstrated discomfort about working with same-sex couples), working with social service agencies in an effort to adopt, and interfacing with the judicial system. This study furthers our knowledge of the lingering effects of discriminatory laws even after such laws have been formally removed, and holds implications for social workers and other practitioners who seek to support lesbian and gay parents and prospective parents as they adjust to the removal of antigay legislation (e.g., regarding marriage or adoption). Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for ensuring that legal and social service practitioners keep up with the rapid pace of legal reform and adapt their practices accordingly.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a diverse entity with a multi-factorial etiology and a distinct racial and geographical distribution. It is curable if diagnosed and treated early. METHODS This descriptive study covered 30 patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal malignancies during February 2006 till November 2010 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi. RESULTS Thirty cases of nasopharyngeal tumors were registered; a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and another of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were not included in the final analyses. There were 20 (71.0%) males and 8 (29.0%) females, 2 and 5 being observed in adolescents. The mean age of the male and female patients was 43.7 [SD 20.1] and 30.3 years [SD 17.9], respectively. Nodal involvement was seen in 23 cases and cranial in 8. Almost two-thirds the patients presented with a stage IV disease and all but two received chemotherapy. Electrons or photons were used for 23 cases; low anterior neck field was used in 25 cases. The doses of radiotherapy delivered ranged between 2000cGy to 7400cGy, the lower ones being given for palliation only. Once spinal cord tolerance was reached, electron boost fields were used in order to treat the posterior neck. A nasogastric tube was required for feeding in 2 (10.0%) male and 2 (25.0%) female patients; gastrostomy was needed for 1 (5.0%) patient. Radiotherapy (RT) induced reactions were observed in 90% of the patients, but were mild in most cases. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of clinician based expertise and technical constraints in Pakistan, nasopharyngeal tumors are still being treated optimally with the need of creating a better awareness in public for early detection.
Costs of dementia and dementia care: a review

Costs of dementia care constitute a great part of the total costs of care for elderly. Because the prevalence of dementia is linked to increasing age, and the number of the oldest old is rising, the costs of dementia care will increase considerably in the forthcoming decades. In this review, research describing costs of dementia care has been analysed and classified. The available database in this field is small, though expanding, and the methodological problems are obvious. Differences between countries, and between different periods of time, are difficult to analyse due to different methods of financing and organizing care. The main result of the present study is that the costs of dementia care differ considerably in the literature. One important reason for this variability is that the number of included cost categories vary, leading to a wide range of costs. Unpaid informal care forms a major part of the total costs, but the theory of costing informal care is complicated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural basis of recollection in first‐episode major depression

Background. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) display impairments in recollection, which have been explained by both hippocampal and prefrontal dysfunction. Here, we used an event‐related fMRI design, to dissociate hippocampal and prefrontal contributions to the neural processes involved in recollection success and recollection attempt early in the course of MDD. Methods. To disentangle state‐ and trait‐effects of depression, we included 20 medication‐naive patients with a first depressive episode, 20 medication‐free patients recovered from a first episode, and 20 matched, healthy controls in an event‐related fMRI study using a source recollection paradigm. Results. Group comparisons revealed that during the acute state of depression there is an increase in left prefrontal activity related to recollection attempt, while there were no differences in neural correlates of successful recollection. Conclusions. Our results indicate that in the early course of depression, depressive state is associated with increased left prefrontal activation during the attempt to recollect source information suggesting an increased need for executive control during recollection in MDD. In this sample of first‐episode MDD patients we found no evidence for hippocampal dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolated Liver Transplantation in Infants With End-Stage Liver Disease Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome

ObjectiveTo evaluate experience with isolated orthotopic liver transplantation in children with liver failure associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Summary Background DataInfants who have liver failure as a result of SBS are frequently referred for consideration for combined liver and small bowel transplantation. In a few patients the liver disease develops despite a seemingly adequate bowel, which if given time and appropriate management has the potential for full enteral adaptation. There is a limited literature suggesting the utility of OLT without replacement of the native bowel. The advantages over combined liver and small bowel transplantation are clear: organ availability is greater, liver-reduction techniques are well established, lower immunosuppression is required, and there is greater experience in the care of children after orthotopic liver transplantation. MethodsEleven infants, considered to have a good prospect of eventual gut adaptation to full enteral nutrition if it were not for their advanced liver disease, underwent isolated orthotopic liver transplantation. Age range was 6.5 to 17.7 months. All patients had been dependent on parenteral feeding but had also shown significant enteral tolerance at some time before listing for transplantation. Advanced liver disease was apparent both clinically and on histologic examination. All were jaundiced and had low albumin levels, and most had coagulopathy. As a group the infants had growth retardation. Estimated remaining length of small bowel beyond the ligament of Treitz was in the range of 25 to more than 100 cm. Six infants retained their ileocecal valve. ResultsThirteen liver transplants were performed in the 11 patients. A combination of whole livers (n = 6) and reduced-size grafts, of which three were from living-related donors, were used. Biliary anastomosis was duct-to-duct in eight instances and involved a short Roux limb in the others. Eight patients are alive with follow-up of 15 to 66 months. Three deaths have occurred after transplantation as a result of sepsis. Of eight surviving patients, only two continue to receive intravenous support and in both there is increasing enteral tolerance. Since transplantation, all surviving children have shown adequate growth with maintenance of pretransplant centiles. ConclusionsIn selected infants with liver failure secondary to short bowel syndrome in whom complete enteral autonomy is anticipated, isolated liver transplantation can offer long-term survival.
Disulfiram is a DNA demethylating agent and inhibits prostate cancer cell growth

The clinical success of the nucleoside analogs 5‐aza‐cytidine (5‐azaC) and 5‐aza‐2′deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors has spurred interest in the development of non‐nucleoside inhibitors with improved pharmacologic and safety profiles. Because DNMT catalysis features attack of cytosine bases by an enzyme thiol group, we tested whether disulfiram (DSF), a thiol‐reactive compound with known clinical safety, demonstrated DNMT inhibitory activity.
Personality Factors Related to Quantitative Estimation Skill: Confirmation and Extension

The relationships of two measures of quantitative estimation skill, computational estimation and numerosity estimation, were examined with the 16 PF Global Factors corresponding to the Big Five personality dimensions in a sample of 80 college students. Correlations of Computational Estimation with the 16 PF scores confirmed findings from a previous study which used the NEO-Five Factor Inventory as a measure of the Big Five, specifically showing that Computational Estimation correlated significantly with the 16 PF's Independence factor. Numerosity Estimation did not correlate significantly with any of the 16 PF Global Factors or with any of the ability measures (Computational Estimation, SAT Verbal, SAT Mathematics, and self-rated mathematics ability) used in the study.
T-786C Polymorphism in Endothelial NO Synthase Gene Affects Cerebral Circulation in Smokers: Possible Gene-Environmental Interaction

Effects of smoking on white matter lesions, such as lacunar infarction and leukoaraiosis, are still controversial. We hypothesized that the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) genotype was a modulating factor for the effect of smoking on cerebral circulation. We took a cross-sectional population from the participants of a health examination to study the effects of smoking and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the eNOS gene, T-786C. Smokers and nonsmokers were defined as having a smoking index (cigarettes per day times years) of ≥200 and 0, respectively. One hundred sixty-six male nonsmokers and 344 male smokers were recruited. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xe inhalation method. Genotyping of T-786C was performed by using a newly developed allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Smokers were exposed to greater oxidative stress, as estimated by urinary F2-isoprostane excretion. In smokers, CC homozygotes of T-786C showed a significant decrease of cerebral blood flow (56.6±13.3, 57.6±11.5, and 44.0±7.2 mL/min per 100 g tissue for TT, TC, and CC, respectively;P =0.03 by ANOVA) and a significant increase of cerebrovascular resistance, whereas the eNOS genotype did not affect these parameters in nonsmokers. This result indicated that the eNOS genotype could modify cerebrovascular circulation in a general population by potentiating the adverse effect of smoking.
Trauma and dissociation in treatment-seeking alcoholics: towards a resolution of inconsistent findings.

There is consistent empirical evidence for a trauma-dissociation relation in general population samples and in psychiatric patients. However, contradictory findings have been reported on this relation among substance abusers. The present study attempts to resolve these inconsistencies by testing a series of hypotheses related to problems regarding the measurement of childhood abuse, the measurement of psychological dissociation, and the potential existence of substance abuse as a form of chemical dissociation. Alcoholic patients (N = 155) were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Structured Trauma Interview (STI), the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI), and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The DES showed good psychometric properties. Substantial rates of traumatization and PTSD were observed, as well as a significant trauma-PTSD relation. However, the mean DES score was low (11.4) and dissociation was not related to trauma (childhood or lifetime) or to PTSD. Years of lifetime regular medicine use, however, was significantly correlated with the severity of dissociative symptoms and PTSD, particularly in males. Overall, these findings suggest that absence of a trauma-dissociation relation in alcoholics may not be due to measurement problems of childhood abuse and/or dissociation. Rather, a trauma-dissociation link may not exist, particularly in male alcoholics, because these individuals may abuse substances to achieve dissociative-like states. Additional research is needed to further evaluate the utility of the DES in alcoholic samples and to examine the notion of chemical dissociation.
Generation of grey Patterns using an Improved Geneticevolutionary Algorithm: some New Results

Genetic and evolutionary algorithms have achieved impressive success in solving various optimization problems. In this work, an improved genetic-evolutionary algorithm (IGEA) for the grey pattern problem (GPP) isdiscussed. The main improvements are due to the specific recombination operator and the modified tabu search (intraevolutionary) procedure as a post-recombination algorithm, which is based on the intensification and diversification methodology. The effectiveness of IGEA is corroborated by the fact that all the GPP instances tested are solved topseudo-optimality at very small computational effort. The graphical illustrations of the grey patterns are presented. http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 40.4. 983
Evaluation of Different Media for the Production of Cephalosporins by Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to compare the composition of a complex and soluble culture medium to eight other media described in the literature through the batch cultivation in a conventional bench-scale bioreactor for the production of cephamycin C by a wild strain of Streptomyces clavuligerus . The proposed medium resulted in an antibiotic production 1.5 to 7.5 times higher than the other culture media. Key words: β-lactam antibiotic, Streptomyces clavuligerus , lysine metabolism, complex medium * Author for correspondence: mlaraujo@iq.unesp. br INTRODUCTION Various β-lactam compounds are produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus in submerged culture, which include the antibiotics of the cephalosporin C biosynthetic route, such as cephamycin C (CephC), and clavulanic acid (CA), a powerful β-lactamases inhibitor (Liras and Martin 2005). The cephalosporins and CA biosynthetic pathways are completely different from each other, and like most bioactive compounds, they are rigorously controlled by the intra-and extra-cellular factors (Santamarta et al. 2005). The presence of certain nutrients in the culture medium, such as the sources of C, N, P, or sulfur S, and salts, as well as the substances of the biosynthetic route can promote the production of CA or CephC (Bussari et al . 2008). Glycerol is preferably used as C source for the production of CA, whereas starch is more suitable for the production of CephC (Zhu et al . 2007; Sanchez et al. 2010). Organic sources of N, such as amino acids and protein extracts, are more appropriate for the growth of S. clavuligerus than the inorganic ones and they should be carefully selected since they exert a strong influence on the secondary metabolism (Masurekar 2008). The positive effects of adding ornithine or high concentrations of lysine in synthetic culture medium of S. clavuligerus for the synthesis of CA or CephC, respectively, have been emphasized (Chen et al. 2003; Domingues et al. 2009). Several studies have shown that sulfur atom from the inorganic sources is more efficiently incorporated into the CephC molecule than sulfur from methionine or cysteine (Bussari et al. 2008). Nevertheless, the potential benefit of adding such compounds in the complex media with the aim of improving the antibiotic production has been suggested only in the technical publications, such as patents (Egel-Mitani et al. 1999). In this work, a complex and soluble culture medium was evaluated for the