Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opportunity, Constraint, and Capital in Canadian Ice Hockey

The study explored the potential social benefits and motivations of participation in sport beyond those that pertain solely to healthy active living. Using organized youth ice hockey in Canada, the study also examined how cultural context can be a factor in the facilitation of such benefit, as well as the ways the game can reflect and reproduce inequalities in society more generally. A framework based on Pierre Bourdieu’s assertions on social, cultural, economic, and symbolic capital, was used to analyze data from ten semi-structured interviews with men who are former youth hockey players. The interview data revealed that through hockey – as a heteronormative institution – boys and men forge rich and extensive social networks, as well as acquire the linguistic skills, attitudes, and dispositions that help them to bond in a private and exclusive manner. Furthermore, their participation in an activity increasingly limited to the middle-to-upper class allows them to be socialized among this demographic, thus making economic capital – through job opportunities, for example – highly extractable from their social and cultural capital. To a certain extent, participants also derived a sense of connectedness to a Canadian national identity due to their participation in an activity that proliferates in their national context. Nevertheless, the study identifies a number of opportunities and constraints that create disparities in participation, and as such, the allocation of benefits. Since these inequalities in sport may help to reproduce inequalities in society at large, the study closes with recommendations for policy, programs, and future research.
Political Stability and the Contribution of Private Investment Commitments in Infrastructure to GDP: An Institutional Perspective

Abstract New institutional economics and transaction costs economics assert the importance of political stability as the primary determinant of an economy’s institutional quality. Rallying both perspectives, this article investigates the impact of political stability on public-private partnerships’ performance. A political system founded on impersonal organizations corrects for the natural monopoly characteristics of public services by eroding rents and decreasing transaction costs stemming from the public partner’s opportunism. Panel data regressions with country-specific effects, on a sample of 14 emerging countries for the period 1999–2014, confirm that the marginal effect of private infrastructure investments on GDP per capita depends on political stability.
Influence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the antigen-presenting activity of dendritic cells.

We have previously shown that exposure of mice to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces activation-like changes in splenic dendritic cells (DC) in the absence of antigen challenge. Since activation of DC reduces their ability to phagocytize antigen, we examined the effects of TCDD on the ability of DC to process and present antigen to antigen-specific T cells and to internalize latex beads. Additionally, the expression of costimulatory and adhesion molecules was examined on DC from TCDD-treated mice injected with allogeneic tumor cells. The ability of DC from C57Bl/6 mice to induce proliferation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific 10.5. 17 T cells and production of IL-4 was not significantly altered by TCDD exposure, either when KLH was added in vitro or when the mice were injected with KLH prior to DC isolation. In contrast, ovalbumin (OVA) presentation by DC from TCDD-treated Balb/c mice induced enhanced proliferation of OVA-specific D011.10 T cells, although the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma was not affected. Enhanced in vivo proliferation of adoptively transferred, CFSE-labeled DO11.10 T cells was also observed in TCDD-treated Balb/c mice that were challenged with OVA. TCDD treatment modulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD24, ICAM-1, CD40, and LFA-1 on splenic DC from C57Bl/6 mice injected with allogeneic tumor cells; however, the effects of TCDD were identical to changes seen previously in nonimmune mice, suggesting that these effects were not antigen-dependent. Finally, TCDD treatment did not affect the ability of splenic DC to internalize latex beads administered in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the activation-like changes induced in DC by TCDD do not suppress the ability of DC to process and present antigen, but may enhance their ability to provide activation signals to T cells. This, in turn, may alter the survival of the T cells, the DC, or both, and might lead to dysregulation of the immune response.
Divide and conquer: the Pseudomonas aeruginosa two‐component hybrid SagS enables biofilm formation and recalcitrance of biofilm cells to antimicrobial agents via distinct regulatory circuits

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms antimicrobial resistant biofilms through sequential steps requiring several two-component regulatory systems. The sensor-regulator hybrid SagS plays a central role in biofilm development by enabling the switch from the planktonic to the biofilm mode of growth, and by facilitating the transition of biofilm cells to a highly tolerant state. However, the mechanism by which SagS accomplishes both functions is unknown. SagS harbours a periplasmic sensory HmsP, and phosphorelay HisKA and Rec domains. SagS domain was used as constructs and site-directed mutagenesis to elucidate how SagS performs its dual functions. It was demonstrated that HisKA-Rec and the phospho-signalling between SagS and BfiS contribute to the switch to the biofilm mode of growth, but not to the tolerant state. Instead, expression of SagS domain constructs harbouring HmsP rendered ΔsagS biofilm cells as recalcitrant to antimicrobial agents as wild-type biofilms, likely by restoring BrlR production and cellular c-di-GMP levels to wild-type levels. Restoration of biofilm tolerance by HmsP was independent of biofilm biomass accumulation, RsmA, RsmYZ, HptB and BfiSR-downstream targets. Our findings thus suggest that SagS likely makes use of a "divide-and-conquer" mechanism to regulate its dual switch function, by activating two distinct regulatory networks via its individual domains.
[Clinicopathological features of human papilloma virus associated squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) status and clinicopathological features of vulva carcinoma and its clinical significance. METHODS Histological sections of 37 cases of vulval carcinoma were subclassified. Standard PCR (HPV types 6/11, 16, 18) were applied to formalin fixed, paraffin wax sections. RESULTS There were 24 cases of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSC), 7 cases of basaloid carcinoma (BC) and 6 cases of warty carcinoma (WC). HPVs, Mainly HPV 16, were detected in 10 of the 37 cases, and all of them were women with BC and WC types. Although BC and WC constituted 35% of the total number of cases, the HPV detective rate was significantly higher than that of KSC (83.3% vs 0.0%), and the tumors were frequently accompanied by valvar intra-epithelial neoplasm (VIN). Clinically, women with BC and WC were younger than women with KSC (mean age at diagnosis for WC, BC and KSC were 36.7, 58.9, 63.3 years respectively). Besides, the incidence of lymph node metastasis in BC and WC were lower than that in KSC (7.6% vs 25.0%). BC and WC were more likely to have another invasive or noninvasive squamous neoplasm of the cervix and vagina (3/13 vs 0/24), and recurrence rate was higher (12.5% vs 7.7%). However, their survival rates following surgical treatment of recurrences were also higher. Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva are etiologically diverse tumors which have different clinical and pathological profiles. CONCLUSION It is suggested that an etiological classification of squamous carcinoma of the vulva may at least be grouped at present into a small but substantial proportion (BC and WC) related to HPV and the majority portion (KSC) of unknown etiology.
THE MARKETABILITY DISCOUNT IN SPANISH VALUATION MULTIPLES: INVESTORS’ PERCEPTION IN LISTED COMPANIES VERSUS PRIVATE TRANSACTIONS

The aim of this paper is to assess the fair marketability discount (MD) in the Spanish market for valuation multiples comparing public versus private transactions. The study finds that to obtain MD it is necessary previously to control by a battery of factors that affects ratios’ prices such as industry, firm size, profitability, risk, year and also other characteristics about the buyer. The interactions of MD with each variable showed different investors’ perceptions about non marketability enterprises explaining MD. The valuation methodology applied in the research was a cross section of 824 public and private acquisitions in the Spanish market from the period 2006−2017. This work represents important evidence, in a more integrated vision than previous literature, for analysts and regulators stressing the necessity to apply MD in Spanish valuation processes based in listed multiples.
Association of regional disparity of obstetrics and gynecologic services with children and infants mortality rates: A cross-sectional study

Background: Equity in distribution of resources is considered as an important priority in health care systems. Equitable distribution of obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) services in the country level is critical in maternal and neonatal health for qualitative promotion of maternal care in pregnancy, delivery, and post-delivery periods. Objective: The present study aimed at determining regional disparity of obstetrics and gynecology services and its association with children and infants mortality rates. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2015 to investigate distribution of Ob/Gyn services using three indicators of number of nursing and midwifery personnel, total Ob/Gyn specialists, and total delivery beds among 30 provinces of the country. Equity criteria in the present study included population, normal vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections, and total deliveries. Data were gathered using a researcher-made form and Stata 12 was used to calculate Gini coefficient. The association of Ob/Gyn services with children and infant mortality rates was investigated using SPSS package and linear regression test. Results: The lowest Gini coefficient was observed in distribution of nursing and midwifery personnel in delivery wards in terms of vaginal delivery (0.38 from 1) and the highest value was related to distribution of Ob/Gyn specialists in terms of vaginal delivery (0.73 from 1). Infant mortality was significantly associated with number of nursing and midwifery personnel in delivery wards, and total number of Ob/Gyn specialists. Conclusion: Considering new population policies in Iran and increased fertility rate, it is recommended to facilitate accessibility of the required services for the women, particularly those of reproductive age.
Linking training and development to employee turnover intention: are performance management and compensation sequential mediators

It is believed that providing training and development opportunities at the workplace could reduce employees' turnover intention. However, the association behind this relationship is still unclear. This study analyses performance management and compensation as mediating the association between training and development and employee turnover intention from a relational perspective. Data was obtained from 633 public and private employees in Malaysia using convenience sampling. The results support the predicted model of training and development having no direct effect on turnover intention. It is worth noting that the inclusion of performance management alone (as a mediator) leads to an increase in employee turnover intention. The combination of performance management and compensation as mediators also leads to an increase in employee turnover intention, but at a significantly lower effect. These findings provide insights into human resource management (HRM) and the use of relational human resources practices to influence employee turnover intention in the workplace.
An Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor Acts as a General Stress Response Regulator in Sinorhizobium meliloti

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium meliloti genes transcriptionally up-regulated after heat stress, as well as upon entry into stationary phase, were identified by microarray analyses. Sixty stress response genes were thus found to be up-regulated under both conditions. One of them, rpoE2 (smc01506), encodes a putative extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor. We showed that this sigma factor controls its own transcription and is activated by various stress conditions, including heat and salt, as well as entry into stationary phase after either carbon or nitrogen starvation. We also present evidence that the product of the gene cotranscribed with rpoE2 negatively regulates RpoE2 activity, and we therefore propose that it plays the function of anti-sigma factor. By combining transcriptomic, bioinformatic, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses, we identified 44 RpoE2-controlled genes and predicted the number of RpoE2 targets to be higher. Strikingly, more than one-third of the 60 stress response genes identified in this study are RpoE2 targets. Interestingly, two genes encoding proteins with known functions in stress responses, namely, katC and rpoH2, as well as a second ECF-encoding gene, rpoE5, were found to be RpoE2 regulated. Altogether, these data suggest that RpoE2 is a major global regulator of the general stress response in S. meliloti. Despite these observations, and although this sigma factor is well conserved among alphaproteobacteria, no in vitro nor in planta phenotypic difference from the wild-type strain could be detected for rpoE2 mutants. This therefore suggests that other important actors in the general stress response have still to be identified in S. meliloti.
Tricyclic antidepressants intoxication in Tehran, Iran: Epidemiology and associated factors

Background: Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) intoxication contributes a large number of drug toxicities with serious complications. There are a few studies about factors associated with TCA intoxication. This study therefore aimed to identify determinants of this type of intoxication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Loghman-Hakim Poison Hospital during a 6-month period. All poisoned patients aged >12 years presented to this hospital during the mentioned period were evaluated. Then, TCA-poisoned patients were compared with other drug intoxications as the control group to determine factors associated with TCA intoxications. Results: There were 9809 admissions, of which 1583 (16.1%) patients including 601 (38%) males were intoxicated with TCAs. Mean age of the subjects was 26.5 + 10 years. Most of the TCA intoxications (74.4%) were intentional (p = 0.01). Amitriptyline was the most frequent agent followed by Nortriptyline. There was no significant difference between TCA and non-TCA intoxications regarding the mortality (1.3% in TCA vs. 1.1% in others, p = 0.45). Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, addiction status, and history of psychological problems have association with TCA intoxication. Conclusions: The results of this study are helpful in identifying individuals who are prone to TCA intoxication and may be useful in implementation of preventive strategies.
RN and LPN perceptions of front-line delegation

Healthcare organizations face increasing demands to provide the most efficient and economical care possible. Emerging patient care delivery systems require that front-line RNs take on a broader scope of responsibility for patient care, particularly in the area of delegation. Research identifies that staffRNs experience much difficulty in delegating patient care (Conger, 1993; Hansten & Washburn, 1994). The purpose of this study was to explore RN and LPN perceptions of front-line delegation in their working relationships. In particular, the study sought to: (a) determine how changing roles ofRNs and LPNs influenced front-line delegation; (b) answer how RNs viewed front-line delegation in comparison to LPNs; and (c) identify barriers to front-line delegation. The research was a qualitative study utilizing an open-ended interview guide to interview 4 non-managerial RNs and 4 LPNs who worked in a midwestern, mid-sized private hospital. Individual, one hour interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Data analyses were conducted using the constant comparison technique to record, code, and analyze data. Symbolic interactionism provided a theoretical framework for conducting the study. Results indicate that (a) nursing role changes continued to influence front-line delegation over one year after the hospital's implementation of a new patient care delivery system; (b) RN s and LPNs shared similar perceptions of delegation, including perceived barriers to delegation; and (c) RNs tended to learn delegation skills from vicarious role modeling rather than formal training. RN AND LPN PERCEPTIONS OF FRONT-LINE DELEGATION
The Austrian Multicentre Study on Smoking: Subgroups of Nicotine Dependence and Their Craving

Background: The misconception of tobacco smoking as a ‘bad habit’ has been replaced by a diagnosis of addiction. Although help to quit is offered by nicotine replacement, antidepressants and psychotherapeutic support, there is no cure yet. One cause of impediment might be psychiatric comorbidity. Therefore, we searched for smoker subgroups, needing different treatments. Aim of the Study: The study aimed at subtyping smokers in an attempt to better understand the phenomenon of resistant smokers and provide more information that could potentially become useful to treatment centres assuming the subtypes correlate directly with outcomes of different smoking cessation treatments, tailor-made according to subtypes. Methods: 330 out of 430 recruited smokers were classified as nicotine dependent (ICD-10) and tobacco dependent (DSM-IV) and remained in the study. They were investigated with different diagnostic assessments: Fagerström Test (FT), Lübeck Craving Risk Relapse Questionnaire and Lesch Typology Questionnaire (the last two being modified for smoking). Results: Dependence severity degree is reflected by the FT. FT scores ≧5 indicated higher conspicuousness. Four clusters for nicotine craving were found: (1) ‘depressed’, (2) ‘stimulated’, (3) ‘relaxed mood state’ and (4) ‘socially triggered tensed mood’. In contrast to alcoholism, ‘stimulation’ was one of the major craving conditions in smokers. The decision tree, consisting of the FT and the Lesch Typology Questionnaire, distinguishes four subgroups of nicotine-dependent persons. Conclusion: The subgroups reflect different reinforcement and psychosocial disturbances. They match treatment and can be applied as outcome predictors in controlled treatment and relapse prevention studies.
Millennial Attitudes Toward Online and Traditional Training Methods: The Role of Training Utility and Satisfaction

Because the millennial generation is the largest generation in the U.S. labor force and is the most computer-literate generation, many organizations are investing in online methods for their training. From a recruitment perspective, applicants can use training information to form attitudes about an organization, such as their attraction. Yet, research has not examined whether organizational attraction is influenced by the type of training method an organization offers. Using two experiments, the purpose of the current article was to examine organizational attraction as a function of whether a training program is described as online or on-the-job, and pretraining satisfaction and perceived utility as mediators of this relationship. Study 1 used a two-group (online and on-the-job) between-subjects experimental design. Study 2 used a three-group (online, on-the-job, and combined online and on-the-job training) between-subjects experimental design to replicate Study 1 and add an additional condition: combining online and on-the-job methods. Participants were instructed to read a hotel’s recruitment information for a front office position and evaluate the hotel assuming the role of an applicant. Participants had higher organizational attraction when training was described as on-the-job training than as online training. The effect of training method on organizational attraction was mediated by training satisfaction and utility. The most important theoretical contribution of the current studies is that the results contradict the general stereotypes and expectations of millennials. The results contribute to understanding how prospective applicants use organizational characteristics, such as the type of training they offer, to form attitudes, such as organizational attraction.
Strategic Origins of Early Semantic Facilitation in the Blocked-Cyclic Naming Paradigm

In the blocked-cyclic naming paradigm, participants repeatedly name small sets of objects that do or do not belong to the same semantic category. A standard finding is that, after a first presentation cycle where one might find semantic facilitation, naming is slower in related (homogeneous) than in unrelated (heterogeneous) sets. According to competitive theories of lexical selection, this is because the lexical representations of the object names compete more vigorously in homogeneous than in heterogeneous sets. However, Navarrete, del Prato, Peressotti, and Mahon (2014) argued that this pattern of results was not due to increased lexical competition but to weaker repetition priming in homogeneous compared to heterogeneous sets. They demonstrated that when homogeneous sets were not repeated immediately but interleaved with unrelated sets, semantic relatedness induced facilitation rather than interference. We replicate this finding but also show that the facilitation effect has a strategic origin: It is substantial when sets are separated by pauses, making it easy for participants to notice the relatedness within some sets and use it to predict upcoming items. However, the effect is much reduced when these pauses are eliminated. In our view, the semantic facilitation effect does not constitute evidence against competitive theories of lexical selection. It can be accounted for within any framework that acknowledges strategic influences on the speed of object naming in the blocked-cyclic naming paradigm.