Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E-Fi: Evasive Wi-Fi Measures for Surviving LTE within 5 GHz Unlicensed Band

The growing spectrum crunch has motivated exploratory efforts in the use of LTE in the 5 GHz bands for downlink traffic. However, this paradigm raises concerns of fair sharing of the spectrum and the adverse impact of scheduled LTE frames on Wi-Fi Packet Success Rates (PSR). To address this issue, we propose E-Fi, an interference-evasion mechanism that allows Wi-Fi devices to survive LTE transmissions without any cooperation between these two different standards. Different from existing approaches, we argue that the simple use of Almost Blank Subframes (ABS) within the LTE standard offering short channel access windows overestimates opportunities for Wi-Fi. The pilots embedded in the ABS not only interfere with Wi-Fi but also adversely impact the carrier sensing function. E-Fi mitigates this problem through a two-fold approach. It uses a combination of (i) Wi-Fi Direct with packet relaying and (ii) classical distributed coordination function to reach distant nodes. Second, it ensures load balancing for both Wi-Fi uplink and downlink traffic with high PSR by creating node-groups based with dedicated contention-based medium access intervals. Our approach is validated by comprehensive simulation and experimental results that indicate significantly higher throughput in E-Fi compared to classical Wi-Fi.
CHAPTER 3 . 1 Religious Experience and Psychopathology

Even though medicine and psychopathology, on the one hand, and theology on the other, deal with fundamental aspects of the human condition, they are separated from each other for methodological and ideological reasons. Very often, from the psychiatric perspective, religious phenomena have been considered in a one-dimensional and too superficial way, often considering them just as symptoms of a major psychiatric disease or traits of an insufficiently developed personality. Therefore it is not surprising how little future physicians are taught to explore the religiosity of their patients. Although the fact is that religiosity can be an important factor in clinical decisions and religious perspectives, for many individuals, it is one of the most relevant aspects of values attached to clinical circumstances.
Protective efficacy of antioxidants on cisplatin-induced tissue damage caused in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice against murine visceral leishmaniasis

Objective: Therapeutic interventions against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are limited and facing serious concerns of toxicity, high cost and emerging resistance, there is a greater interest in new drug developments which are cost effective, efficient and easily available to people suffering from leishmaniasis. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II; CDDP) has been found to have antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo which lead towards an apoptosis like cell death of both promastigotes and amastigotes and a significant reduction in parasite load and enhanced DTH responses which suggested the generation of protective cell-mediated immune responses. But, at higher doses it causes nephrotoxicity-a major side effect. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of antioxidants on cisplatin induced tissue damage in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice. Materials and methods: L. donovani infected and uninfected animals were treated with higher doses (5 and 2.5 mg/kg body weight) of cisplatin alone and in combination with antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and silibinin) for 5 days. Mice were examined for the protective effects of antioxidants on cisplatin indiced tissue damage by DNA fragmentation and histological studies of kidneys, liver and spleen. Results: The damage caused by cisplatin was ameliorated after the supplementation of antioxidants showing a marked reduction in the extent of tubular damage, the focal reaction changes in liver were reversed and no signs of toxicity in the spleen were reported. Moreover, no DNA damage was observed in animals treated with cisplatin along with various antioxidants. Conclusion: The present results showed that antioxidants helped in the amelioration of drug induced toxic effects against murine visceral leishmaniasis, making the combination a potential anti-leishmanial therapy.
What are the effects of hail on residential roofing products ?

oofing products are subject to a number of severe weather exposures. These exposures include ultraviolet radiation, heat, wind, rain, pollutants and hail. Hail damage to roofing products results in millions of dollars of losses on an annual basis. The result of this damage is an obvious boon for roofing contractors and, over the years, has certainly been very costly for the insurance industry. The ultimate cost, however, is borne by consumers. Hail damage can affect virtually all types of roofing systems, including both commercial and residential. For the purposes of this paper, however, the primary area to be examined will be the hail resistance of common residential roofing products: asphalt shingles, wood shingles and shakes, and concrete tile shingles. Whenever a city in North America is subjected to a severe hail storm, and the dollar losses exceed $5 million, the area is listed as a catastrophic loss area by the American Insurance Association. This is a methodology in which the insurance industry can then keep statistics on the amount of loss for each particular geographical location. These numbers are later used in actuarial tables to develop insurance rates for any given location. In the United States, the geographical frequency of hail has been studied by groups such as the National Board of Catastrophe (from 1949 to 1964) and the United States Weather Bureau (from 1950 to 1960). The data from both groups indicate that a large number of severe hailstorms tends to occur in the central section of the United States. This covers an area from South Texas to Minnesota and from Colorado to Illinois. It should be pointed out, however, that no area in North America is totally excluded from the possibility of a hail storm occurrence.
Nondestructive evaluation of wood strength using thermal conductivity

Relationships between the coefficient of thermal conductivity (CTC) and the strength properties of wood were investigated. Small clear test specimens were prepared from beech, fir, and pine wood. CTC values of the test specimens were measured based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Wood density and some mechanical properties were then determined according to related ISO standards. In order to designate relationships between the CTC and mechanical properties, linear regression analysis was performed. Significant linear correlations were found between the CTC and the specific gravity, the modulus of rupture, the modulus of elasticity, and the impact bending strength of the wood from all tree species. However, there was a weak and non-significant relationship between the CTC and the compression strength of the specimens from each tree species. As a consequence, the CTC has a considerable potential in nondestructive evaluation of wood density and strength. However, the reciprocal correlations among the MC-strength, MC-CTC, temperature-strength, and temperature-CTC appear to be most significant limitations for using CTC as a NDE method for wood. Further detailed investigations are needed.
An Exact Solution for Steady State Magnetic Reconnection in Three Dimensions

An exact three-dimensional solution is derived for the steady state magnetic reconnection of incompressible, resistive plasmas. The analysis provides a natural extension of the analytic, two-dimensional reconnection solution of Craig & Henton. The solution shows how advective motions through the separatrix “spine-curve” lead to global current sheets aligned to the separatrix “fan. ”
The Effect of Chair Type on Users ’ Viewing Experience for Panoramic Video

The consumption of panoramic videos with head-mounted displays (HMD) has increased rapidly over the past years. A large number of HMD users watch 360-degree videos at home, most likely with non-swivel seats. It is important to understand their viewing experience. This study explored how the difference in users’ chair type would influence their viewing experience. In order to achieve this, three types of chairs were built as the experimental materials in this study: fixed chair, half swivel chair (the chair that swivels only 90 degrees in each direction) and full swivel chair. A betweensubject design was adopted, with 41 participants recruited for the formal experiments. One practice video and five formal videos were selected as the stimuli. Various aspects of viewing experience were measured, including exploration, spatial awareness, incidental memory, enjoyment, concern about missing something, engagement and simulator sickness, with the use of eye tracking, questionnaires, tasks and semi-structured interviews. Results suggested that the fixed chair and the half swivel chair discouraged exploration for certain videos compared with the full swivel chair. Additionally, participants in the fixed chair had worse spatial awareness and greater concern about missing something for certain video than those in the full swivel chair. With the fixed chair, however, the users showed better incidental memory than those in the half swivel chair. In addition, viewers in the half swivel chair had greater enjoyment for certain video compared with those in the full swivel chair. No significant differences were found in terms of general engagement and simulator sickness among the three chair conditions. Furthermore, thematic analysis for post-experiment interviews revealed four themes regarding the restrictive chairs: physical discomfort; difficulty to follow movements; reduced orientation and guided attention. Based on the findings, possible practical implications, limitations and inspiration for future work were discussed.
Weak ferromagnetism and time-stable remanence in hematite: effect of shape, size and morphology

A number of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) driven canted antiferromagnets or weak ferromagnets (WFM) including hematite exhibit two distinct time scales in magnetization relaxation measurements, one of which is ultra-slow. This leads to the observation of a part of remanence that is time-stable in character. In this work, our endeavor is to optimize the magnitude of this time-stable remanence for the hematite, a room temperature WFM, as a function of shape size and morphology. A substantial enhancement in the magnitude of this unique remanence is observed in porous hematite, consisting of ultra-small nano particles, as compared to crystallites grown in regular morphology, such as cuboids or hexagonal plates. This time-stable remanence exhibits a peak-like pattern with magnetic field, which is significantly sharper in porous sample. Experimental data suggest that the extent and the magnitude of the spin canting associated with the WFM phase can be best gauged by the presence of this remanence and its unusual magnetic field dependence. Temperature variation of lattice parameters bring out correlations between strain effects that alter the bond length and bond angle associated with primary super exchange paths, which in-turn systematically alter the magnitude of the time-stable remanence. This study provides insights regarding a long standing problems of anomalies in the magnitude of magnetization on repeated cooling in case of hematite. Our data caps on these anomalies, which we argue, arise due to spontaneous spin canting associated with WFM phase. Our results also elucidate on why thermal cycling protocols during bulk magnetization measurements are even more crucial for hematite which exhibits both canted as well as pure antiferromgnetic phase.
Test Cross Performance and Combining Ability of Maize (zea mays l.) Inbred Lines at Bako, Western Ethiopia

Information on combining ability and heterotic grouping for newly developed inbred lines is of paramount importance to design future breeding strategies for the development of hybrid and synthetic varieties. The objectives of the present study were to examine combining ability and to determine heterotic groups of the inbred lines for grain yield and other desirable traits. Twenty five inbred lines were used for the formation of the experimental crosses using line x tester mating design. The resulting 50 F1 crosses plus two standard checks (BH540 and BH543) were evaluated at Bako, Western Ethiopia in 2012 main cropping season. The entries were arranged in alpha lattice design with three replications. Data on grain yield, other agronomic traits and disease reactions were recorded under field condition. The highest grain yield was recorded from L24 x T1 (CML312/CML442) (9.97 t ha-1). The analysis due to mean squares for crosses was highly significant for all traits except for plant aspect, ear per plant, and number of plants per plot, and thousand kernel weights indicating the existence of genetic variability for all traits. GCA of line was significant for grain yield, agronomic traits and disease severity index. The mean square due to SCA for line by tester combinations were also significant for grain yield, stalk lodging, root lodging, ear rot, husk cover, maturity date, 50% silking day, and Turcicum leaf blight. Significant GCA and SCA effects were indicative of the importance of both additive and non additive gene effects in the control of the traits. However, in all traits, the proportion of GCA sum of square was higher than SCA sum of squares indicating the preponderance of additive gene effects in the control of all traits. Based on the SCA of crosses, the two testers used in this study successfully classified nine out of 25 tested inbred lines into two heterotic groups, A and B: six inbred lines belong to heterotic group A, while the remaining three belong to h
Potential Parenthood and Career Progression of Men and Women – A Simultaneous Hazards Approach

Abstract We analyze individual career transitions of men and women in Germany. Our particular focus is on the association of upward, downward and horizontal job changes with individual fertility. In contrast to most of the literature, we focus on potential rather than realized fertility. Based on mixed multivariate proportional hazard models with competing risks, we find a significant negative relationship between the contemporaneous probability of having a child and horizontal career transitions for women and a positive significant association of the hazard of parenthood with upward career transitions for men. These effects persist when we apply fixed-effects panel data models allowing for correlation of individual parenthood hazards with unobserved individual characteristics. Our results suggest clear gender differences in the relationship between career patterns and potential fertility.
Post-Natal Cytokine Levels of Neonates of Seropositive Mothers: An Indication of Vertical Transmission?

Studies have implicated increased plasma levels of TNF-α in clinical malaria and vertical transmission of HIV. The intricate imbalances in cytokines levels threaten successful pregnancies. In this study, pregnant women were polled-stratified for interview and subsequently enrolled in a longitudinal study for eighteen months in the endemic area of Saki. Spot Blood samples (2 mL) were collected for laboratory diagnosis of HIV and Malaria at delivery and post natal. The plasma concentration of cytokines: TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ was determined by cytokine ELISA techniques. Forty-five (30.2%) of pregnant women were sero-positive with 63.3% in babies. The co-infection rate was 22.8 % in pregnant women and 26.3% in babies. The levels of TNF-α was high (30.0 × 10-3 pg/μL) in non-infected babies at delivery whereas IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ peaked at (70 10-3 pg/μL, 40× 10-3 pg/μL) and 16.0 × 10-3 pg/μL respectively in uninfected babies. At delivery, the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ was 18.3 × 10-3 pg/μL, 69.8 × 10-3 pg/μL, 41.0 × 10-3 pg/μL and rise to 28.3 × 10-3 pg/μL in co-infected babies. The level of IL-10 was highest in co-infected babies at the second month post-delivery. Also, there was a progressive increase in the level of IFN-γ at the third month among the un-infected, coinfected and seropositive babies. The parasite density in co-infected babies in the first three months and the plasma levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α could be an indication of vertical transmission of both HIV and P. falciparum. Correspondence to: Adeoti OM, The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Nigeria, Tel: +234-806-7285-175; E-mail: txy23m@yahoo.com
Usability of Context-Aware Mobile Educational Game

Ubiquitous learning is an innovative approach that combines mobile learning and context-awareness, can be seen as kind of location-based services, first detects user’s location, knows surrounding context, and gets learning profile, and then provides the user learning materials accordingly. Game-based learning have become an emerging research topic and been proved that can increase users’ motivations and interests. The aim of our research is to present a context-awareness multi-agent-based mobile educational game that can generate a series of learning activities for users doing On-the-Job training and make users interact with specific objects in their working environment. We reveal multi-agent architecture (MAA) into the mobile educational game design to achieve the goals of developing a lightweight, flexible, and scalable game on the platform with limited resources such as mobile phones. A scenario with several workplaces, research space, meeting rooms, and a variety of items and devices in 11th floor of a university’s building is used to demonstrate the idea and mechanism proposed by this research. At the end, a questionnaire is used to examine the usability of the proposed game. 37 freshmen participate in this pilot study and the results show that they are interested in using the game and the game does help them getting familiar with the new environment. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2011.03. 031
Explorer Phosphorylation and Transport in the NaK-2 Cl Cotransporters , NKCC 1 and NKCC 2 A , Compared in HEK-293 Cells

Na-K-2Cl cotransporters help determine cell composition and volume. NKCC1 is widely distributed whilst NKCC2 is only found in the kidney where it plays a vital role reabsorbing 20% of filtered NaCl. NKCC2 regulation is poorly understood because of its restricted distribution and difficulties with its expression in mammalian cell cultures. Here we compare phosphorylation of the N-termini of the cotransporters, measured with phospho-specific antibodies, with bumetanidesensitive transport of K (Rb) (activity) in HEK-293 cells stably expressing fNKCC1 or fNKCC2A which were cloned from ferret kidney. Activities of transfected transporters were distinguished from those of endogenous ones by working at 37uC. fNKCC1 and fNKCC2A activities were highest after pre-incubation of cells in hypotonic low-[Cl] media to reduce cell [Cl] and volume during flux measurement. Phosphorylation of both transporters more than doubled. Pre-incubation with ouabain also strongly stimulated fNKCC1 and fNKCC2A and substantially increased phosphorylation, whereas preincubation in Na-free media maximally stimulated fNKCC1 and doubled its phosphorylation, but inhibited fNKCC2A, with a small increase in its phosphorylation. Kinase inhibitors halved phosphorylation and activity of both transporters whereas inhibition of phosphatases with calyculin A strongly increased phosphorylation of both transporters but only slightly stimulated fNKCC1 and inhibited fNCCC2A. Thus kinase inhibition reduced phosphorylation and transport, and transport stimulation was only seen when phosphorylation increased, but transport did not always increase with phosphorylation. This suggests phosphorylation of the N-termini determines the transporters’ potential capacity to move ions, but final activity also depends on other factors. Transport cannot be reliably inferred solely using phospho-specific antibodies on whole-cell lysates. Citation: Hannemann A, Flatman PW (2011) Phosphorylation and Transport in the Na-K-2Cl Cotransporters, NKCC1 and NKCC2A, Compared in HEK-293 Cells. PLoS ONE 6(3): e17992. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0017992 Editor: Jean-Claude Dussaule, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France Received December 8, 2010; Accepted February 17, 2011; Published March 25, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Hannemann, Flatman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (077711). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: peter.flatman@ed.ac. uk ¤ Current address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Veterinary School, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Detection of Toxoplasma Antibodies and TNF-α in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Methotrexate

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis among 294 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with methotrexate (MTX), 50 RA patients without treatment and 50 samples as healthy control. Blood samples were collected and the presence of T.gondii IgG and IgM antibodies was determined by using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was also estimated in serum of all subjects by using ELISA method too. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis IgM and IgG in RA+MTX was 60(20.408%), and 98(33.33%), in RA patients 4(8%), and 18(36%) while, it was 2(24%), 6(12%) in healthy group. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was also estimated in serum of all subjects by using ELISA method too. The mean levels of TNF-α in seropositive anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG of RA+MTX patients were 3.781 pg/ml ± 0.571) and (36.98 pg/ml ± 0.58), in RA patients (25.404 pg/ml ± 1.748) and (40.12 pg/ml ± 1.7) while, they were (5.04 pg/ml ± 0.643) and (10.7 pg/ml ± 1.7) in healthy group. The results showed significant difference (P<0.05) was found between treated and untreated patients.
Mobility of organic pollutants in soil components. What role can magic angle spinning NMR play?

The adsorption‐desorption mechanisms at the interface between organic and inorganic soil colloids influence the movement of pesticides and hence their bioavailability and biotransformation processes. Direct analyses of soils have been reported in the literature with the use of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on dry samples. We recently demonstrated the potential of the 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR technique to study such mechanisms in situ on highly hydrated samples. By using a well‐characterized soil model, it was possible to distinguish the mobile and immobile pesticide unambiguously. In the present communication, a short review of MAS NMR techniques that allow covalent and non‐covalent bond analysis is provided. The results obtained in our group on the adsorption of some pollutants such as phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate), MCPA and 2‐benzothiazole sulphonate are also presented. Specifically, we focus on the potential of MAS NMR spectroscopy for probing the behaviour (mobility) of these organic pollutants loaded onto the surface of different clays. The influence of clay hydration on NMR spectra has also been evaluated.