Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Diversity of Korean Native Goats

Korean native goats have lived on the Korean peninsula for more than 2,000 years and are regarded as a valuable genetic resource for the world. As an initial step to investigate the genetic structures of this breed, phylogenetic analysis and calculation of genetic diversities have been performed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variations. A total of 19 Korean native goats were grouped into six haplotypes and the large majority of haplotypes were present in 13 animals. All mtDNA of these Korean goats belonged to the mitochondrial (mt) lineage A and revealed remarkably small genetic distances within the population when compared with other Asian goat populations, indicating less genetic variation in the Korean native goats. These results indicate high-inbred status of the Korean native goats and will influence breeding and conservation strategies adopted for this breed. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 4 : 482-485)
Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in the United States: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1994-2000.

OBJECTIVES We examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption in the United States. METHODS A 6-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess consumption among 434 121 adults in 49 states and the District of Columbia who were sampled in random-digit-dialed telephone surveys administered in 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. RESULTS Although the geometric mean frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption declined slightly, the proportion of respondents consuming fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day did not change. With the exception of the group aged 18 to 24 years, which experienced a 3-percentage-point increase, little change was seen among sociodemographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption changed little from 1994 to 2000. If increases are to be achieved, additional efforts and new strategies will be needed.
Solution of Algebraic Quadratic Equations Taking into Account Transitional Processes in Oscillation Systems

The manuscript demonstrates that the solution of al gebraic quadratic equations on the set of real numbers sometimes give s the results which contradict the transitional processes in oscillation systems. The solution of algebraic quadratic equations on the set of complex numbers, on the contrary, always agrees with the transitional processes in oscillati on systems.
Astrocyte TLR4 activation induces a proinflammatory environment through the interplay between MyD88‐dependent NFκB signaling, MAPK, and Jak1/Stat1 pathways

There is increasing evidence that astrocytes play important roles in immune regulation in the brain. Astrocytes express toll‐like receptors (TLR) and build up responses to innate immune triggers by releasing proinflammatory molecules. We investigate signaling pathways and released molecules after astrocyte TLR4 activation. Purified rodent brain astrocyte cultures were treated with the TLR4 activator bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tools used to interfere with this system include small interference RNA, inhibitory drugs, and MyD88 or Stat1 deficient mice. LPS induced early activation of the transcription factor NFκB, through the MyD88 adaptor, and expression of TNF‐α, VCAM‐1, IL‐15, and IL‐27. LPS also induced delayed Jak1/Stat1 activation, which was MyD88‐independent but was not mediated by IFN‐β. Jak1/Stat1 activation induced the expression of negative cytokine regulator SOCS‐1 and CXCL10 chemokine (IP‐10). Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) were also involved in TLR4 signaling in a MyD88‐independent fashion. p38 exerted a strong influence on LPS‐induced gene expression by regulating the phosphorylation of Stat1 and the transcriptional activity of NFκB, while JNK regulated the Jak1/Stat1 pathway, and ERK1/2 controlled the expression of Egr‐1 and influenced MyD88‐dependent MMP‐9 expression. Interplay between these signals was evidenced by the increased induction of MMP‐9 in Stat1‐deficient cells challenged with LPS, suggesting that Stat1 negatively regulates the expression of MMP‐9 induced by LPS. Therefore, astrocytes are responsive to TLR4 activation by inducing a complex set of cell‐dependent molecular reactions mediated by NFκB, MAPK and Jak1/Stat1 signaling pathways. Here we identified cross‐talking signals generating a proinflammatory environment that will modulate the response of surrounding cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective Recognition and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Primary Care.

This Academic Highlights section of The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry presents the highlights of the planning roundtable "Effective Recognition and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in the Primary Care Setting," held December 11, 2003, in Pittsburgh, Pa. The planning roundtable and this Academic Highlights were supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Pfizer. The planning roundtable was chaired by Larry Culpepper, M.D., M.P.H. , Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass. The faculty member was Kathryn M. Connor, M.D., Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
Developments in Practice XXIV: Information Management: The Nexus of Business and IT

Information management (IM) is gaining increasing attention in both IT and the business functions these days. While IT is involved with almost every aspect of IM, information is the heart and soul of business, and its management cannot be delegated or abdicated to IT. Thus, IM represents the true nexus of business and IT. Because of this, IM has all the hallmarks of an emerging discipline – the offspring of a committed long-term relationship between business and IT. And, it requires new skills and competencies, new frames of reference, and new processes. IM provides the mechanisms for managing enterprise information and a foundation that can be used by both IT and knowledge management to create business value. The “IM function” is responsible for the complete information life cycle: acquisition or creation; organization; navigation; access; security; administration; storage; and retention. Because it still falls into the gray area between business and IT, many organizations find it is essential to develop an enterprise-wide framework that clarifies the policies, principles, roles, responsibilities and accountabilities, and practices for IM in both groups. This paper reports on the findings of a focus group session of IT managers who looked at IM from the enterprise point of view, addressing the business and IT issues and challenges in managing information effectively. It first examines the scope and nature of IM and how it is being conceptualized in organizations. Then, it presents a framework for the comprehensive management of information and identifies the key issues currently facing organizations in implementing an effective IM program. Finally, it presents some recommendations for getting started in IM.
A novel augmented reality simulator for minimally invasive spine surgery

Cement augmentation techniques cover minimally invasive surgical interventions used to treat painful vertebral compression fractures. These fractures are mainly caused by decreased bone strength as a result of osteoporosis. The current training options for novice surgeons concerning these techniques are insufficient. High costs, specimen availability as well as ethical concerns lead to poor patient safety. Therefore, an augmented reality simulator was developed allowing novice surgeons to train in a safe environment. Key feature of this simulator is the physical patient phantom with artificial vertebrae and soft tissue. Measurements on formalin-fixed as well as fresh-frozen specimens were performed to get a reference. Based on these results, appropriate material compositions were used to imitate the haptic feedback during instrument insertions. The resulting artificial structures showed reaction forces close to their references.
A novel methodology for determining low-cost fine particulate matter street sweeping routes

This paper addresses the problem of low-cost PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) street sweeping route. In order to do so, only a subset of the streets of the urban area to be swept is selected for sweeping, based on their PM10 emission factor values. Subsequently, a low-cost route that visits each street in the set is computed. Unlike related problems of waste collection where streets must be visited once (Chinese or Rural Postman Problem, respectively), in this case, the sweeping vehicle route must visit each selected street exactly as many times as its number of street sides, since the vehicle can sweep only one street side at a time. Additionally, the route must comply with traffic flow and turn constraints. A novel transformation of the original arc routing problem into a node routing problem is proposed in this paper. This is accomplished by building a graph that represents the area to sweep in such a way that the problem can be solved by applying any known solution to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). As a way of illustration, the proposed method was applied to the northeast area of the Municipality of Santiago (Chile). Results show that the proposed methodology achieved up to 37% savings in kilometers traveled by the sweeping vehicle when compared to the solution obtained by solving the TSP problem with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - aware tools. Implications The exposure to PM10 has been shown to be harmful to human health. Street sweeping is an effective mitigating measure used to reduce the amount of PM10. This paper proposes a generic method to determine a low-cost PM10 sweeping route. This problem has seldom been studied in the literature, with only two previous papers focusing on solving it under very specific circumstances, which makes them not applicable to generic scenarios. By providing a generic method that solves the problem under different scenarios, it is expected to facilitate the decision-making process of environmental and other public agencies regarding the implementation of sweeping routes.
Effect of luteinising-hormone in vivo on ovarian cell subpopulations of newly-hatched chicks

1. We analysed the number and size of different ovarian cell subpopulations of newly-hatched chicks by ovarian cell suspension count and morphometric/stereological methods as well as Δ5-3βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5-3β HSD) activity in these cells treated in vivo with LH during embryonic development. 2. Fertile White Leghorn eggs received 1 μg LH applied to the chorioallantoic membrane on days 13, 15, and 17 of incubation. All animals were killed within 24 h after hatching, the left ovary was dissected and processed. 3. The results indicate that the number of germ, pregranulosa, interstitial and undifferentiated cells was not affected by LH treatment. However, we observed an increase in the size of individual interstitial cells of the ovarian medulla. In these cells, Δ5-3β HSD activity was increased in response to LH. 4. These findings suggest that LH does not exert a proliferative effect on the cells of the prefollicular ovary of the chick and that interstitial cells can be target cells for LH, increasing their steroidogenic activity due to LH treatment.
Neuron-specific enolase correlates with other prognostic markers after cardiac arrest

Objective: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a recommended treatment for survivors of cardiac arrest. Prognostication is complicated since sedation and muscle relaxation are used and established indicators of a poor prognosis are lacking. This prospective, observational study describes the pattern of commonly used prognostic markers in a hypothermia-treated cohort of cardiac arrest patients with prolonged coma. Methods: Among 111 consecutive patients, 19 died, 58 recovered, and 34 were in coma 3 days after normothermia (4.5 days after cardiac arrest), defined as prolonged coma. All patients were monitored with continuous amplitude-integrated EEG and repeated samples of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were collected. In patients with prolonged coma, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and brain MRI were performed. A postmortem brain investigation was undertaken in patients who died. Results: Six of the 17 patients (35%) with NSE levels <33 μg/L at 48 hours regained the capacity to obey verbal commands. By contrast, all 17 patients with NSE levels >33 failed to recover consciousness. In the >33 NSE group, all 10 studied with MRI had extensive brain injury on diffusion-weighted images, 12/16 lacked cortical responses on SSEP, and all 6 who underwent autopsy had extensive severe histologic damage. NSE levels also correlated with EEG pattern, but less uniformly, since 11/17 with NSE <33 had an electrographic status epilepticus (ESE), only one of whom recovered. A continuous EEG pattern correlated to NSE <33 and awakening. Conclusions: NSE correlates well with other markers of ischemic brain injury. In patients with no other signs of brain injury, postanoxic ESE may explain a poor outcome.
Stability estimates for a Robin coefficient in the two-dimensional Stokes system

In this paper, we consider the Stokes equations and we are concerned with the inverse problem of identifying a Robin coefficient on some non accessible part of the boundary from available data on the other part of the boundary. We first study the identifiability of the Robin coefficient and then we establish a stability estimate of logarithm type thanks to a Carleman inequality due to A. L. Bukhgeim [11] and under the assumption that the velocity of a given reference solution stays far from $0$ on a part of the boundary where Robin conditions are prescribed.
B and CTL responses to the ALK protein in patients with ALK‐positive ALCL

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has a good prognosis compared to ALK‐negative ALCL, possibly as a result of the immune recognition of the ALK proteins. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of both a B and cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response to ALK in ALK‐positive ALCL. We confirmed the presence of an antibody response to ALK in all 9 ALK‐positive ALCL patients investigated. An ELISpot assay was used to detect a γ‐interferon (IFN) T cell response after short term culture of mononuclear blood cells with 2 ALK‐derived HLA‐A*0201 restricted peptides: ALKa and ALKb. A significant γ‐IFN response was identified in all 7 HLA‐A*0201‐positive ALK‐positive ALCL patients but not in ALK‐negative ALCL patients (n = 2) or normal subjects (n = 6). CTL lines (>95% CD8‐positive) raised from 2 ALK‐positive ALCL patients lysed ALK‐positive ALCL derived cell lines in a MHC‐Class I restricted manner. This is the first report of both a B cell and CTL response to ALK in patients with ALK‐positive ALCL. This response persisted during long‐term remission. The use of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) to express ALK is also described. Our findings are of potential prognostic value and open up therapeutic options for those ALK‐positive patients who do not respond to conventional treatment. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among China’s Sichuan Tibetan population: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Our aim is to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control status of hypertension and explore the associated factors among Sichuan Tibetan population.Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in the Sichuan Tibetan region from to September 2013 to March to 2014. Three thousand two hundred and forty persons were included in the study through a multi-stage stratified clustering sampling. Participants received questionnaires and physical examination. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded three times after 5 min of rest with the mean taken as the final BP. Hypertension was defined according the 2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension.Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 45.7%. The proportion of different stages (1–3) of hypertension was 31.7%, 9.2%, and 7.6% for males and 26.3%, 9.5%, and 6.0% for females. The rate of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 4.9%, 21.3%, and 3.0% for males and 7.5%, 24.5%, and 3.1% for females. Multiple-factor analysis found that age, overweight or obesity (odds ratio(OR)=1.16), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.07–1.54), increased waist circumference (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.39–2.36), family history of hypertension (OR = 1.51, 95%CI; 1.28–1.78), higher salt intakes (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.24–2.11), long duration of sleep (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01–1.09), rural area (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.64–2.41), and drinking coffee at times (OR = 0.71, 95%CI:0.57–0.87) were related to hypertension.Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension in Sichuan Tibetan was significantly higher than the national level with low rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Intervention measurements are needed to change some unhealthy lifestyles, behaviors, and habits in this region.
ASTRONOMICAL SEARCHES FOR EARTH-LIKE PLANETS AND SIGNS OF LIFE

▪ Abstract If Earth-like planets orbit nearby stars, they could be detectable with specially designed telescopes. Direct observations would be very revealing, particularly low resolution infrared spectra, which could establish habitability on the basis of temperature and atmospheric water. Abundant, primitive life based on organized molecular structure might reveal itself, as on Earth, by an atmospheric composition modified in ways unlikely to be from inorganic processes. The technical challenge is to detect and obtain spectra of an object with Mbol ∼ 28 that is very close to a star and some 5 × 109 times less luminous. Indirect methods, used to detect Jupiter-mass planets, do not seem to offer an easy intermediate step to finding Earth-like planets. However, the direct detection techniques needed for spectroscopy also offer a viable method for discovery by imaging. Thermal infrared wavelengths, in which a planet emits most energy, are the most favorable. A robust search for planets of ∼100 nearby solar-t.
Comparison of the Amino Acid Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Peplomer, Integral Membrane and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Feline, Canine and Porcine Coronaviruses

Complete nucleotide sequences were determined by cDNA cloning of peplomer (S), integral membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) genes of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) type I strain KU‐2, UCD1 and Black, and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) type II strain 79–1683. Only M and N genes were analyzed in strain KU‐2 and strain 79–1683, which still had unknown nucleotide sequences. Deduced amino acid sequences of S, M and N proteins were compared in a total of 7 strains of coronaviruses, which included FIPV type II strain 79–1146, canine coronavirus (CCV) strain Insavc‐1 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine (TGEV) strain Purdue. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of M and N proteins revealed that both M and N proteins had an identity of at least 90% between FIPV type I and type II. The phylogenetic tree of the M and N protein‐deduced amino acid sequences showed that FIPV type I and type II form a group with FECV type II, and that these viruses were evolutionarily distant from CCV and TGEV. On the other hand, when the S protein‐deduced amino acid sequences was compared, identity of only about 45% was found between FIPV type I and type II. The phylogenetic tree of the S protein‐deduced amino acid sequences indicated that three strains of FIPV type I form a group, and that it is a very long distance from the FIPV type II, FECV type II, CCV and TGEV groups.
PHOTOREPAIR OF PYRIMIDINE DIMERS IN HUMAN SKIN IN VIVO

Abstract— The exposure of human skin in vivo to UV radiation emitted from a sunlamp induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers. The number of dimers, as detected by UV‐endonuclease, decreases following exposure of the UV–irradiated skin to visible wavelengths of light. These results suggest that humans possess a mechanism by which pyrimidine dimers are photorepaired upon illumination of human skin in vivo with visible light.
INCIDENCE AND AETIOLOGY OF MULTIPLE BIRTHS IN NIGERIA

UNTIL recently little has been published regarding the incidence of multiple births in the Negro races of Africa. There is now increasing evidence to show that the incidence is considerably higher than in Europe and in the White races generally. What is the cause of this high incidence ? Several possible factors are discussed below. The most promising hypothesis proposed is that a form of malnutrition is important. This is based on the writer's experience at Umuahia and Ama Achara in East Nigeria, and on various other statistical and experimental considerations.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Coexistent Hodgkin's Disease: Implications for the Origin of the Reed‐Sternberg Cell

The association of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Hodgkin's disease has been controversial. Pleomorphic lymphoreticular cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells have been observed in Richter's syndrome. Although most observers have favored the view that these cells are a component of a pleomorphic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, some cases of histologically typical Hodgkin's disease have been described. We have studied two cases that appear to represent composite CLL and Hodgkin's disease, providing evidence for an interrelationship of these two disorders. Classic Reed-Sternberg cells and variants (RS-H) were seen in a backgournd that was otherwise typical of CLL. Both patients initially presented with characteristic findings of CLL in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The first patient was found to have RS-H cells within lymph nodes at initial presentation, and ultimately progressed to develop a disseminated lymphoma characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. In the second patient, RS-H cells were not discovered until 5 years later. Immunophenotypic studies confirmed these morphologic impressions. The predominant lymphocyte population had a phenotype consistent with B-cell CLL. By contrast, the RS-H cells were strongly positive for CD15 (Leu M1) with staining of the Golgi region and cell membrane. Additionally, the RS-H cells were surrounded by rosettes of lymphocytes that marked as T cells. In both of the patients, a small percentage of RS-H cells expressed postivity for the B-cell marker L-26, which may indicate an origin from the underlying CLL. These findings support a B-cell origin for the malignant cell in some cases of Hodgkin's disease adn suggest taht Hodgkin's disease in some patients may be related to or derived from a coexisting lymphoid malignancy.
Survey of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutational status in 209 consecutive Italian colorectal cancer patients

Molecular testing for KRAS and BRAF mutations in tumor tissue is a fundamental tool to identify patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who are eligible for anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy. We here report a molecular analysis by high-resolution melting analysis and direct sequencing of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA hot spot mutations in 209 Italian CRC patients. One hundred and ten patients (51%) were identified who were potentially nonresponders to anti-EGFR therapy: 90/209 patients (43%) harboring KRAS mutations, 13/117 (11.1%) with the V600E BRAF mutation, and 7/209 (3.3%) with mutations in PIK3CA exon 20. The prevalence of BRAF and PIK3CA mutations was significantly higher in patients older than 65 years (p=0.014 and p=0.018), while patients with triple-negative tumors were significantly younger than mutation carriers (p=0.000011). Patients with gene mutations also showed a trend towards preferential tumor location in the colon (p=0.026). Moreover, although involving a relatively small number of samples, we report the presence of a discordant mutational profile between primary tumors and secondary lesions (3/9 patients), suggesting that it is worthwhile to test other available tissues in order to better define the efficacy of targeted therapy. Further correlations of specific clinical features with tumor mutational profile could be helpful to predict the response of CRC patients to monoclonal antibody therapy.