Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF CANOLA HYBRIDS WITH WEEDS

The objective of the study was to assess the relative competitive ability of canola hybrids in the presence of turnip (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in different ratios of plants in the mixture. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in ratios of canola against turnip or ryegrass: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Competitive analysis of the species was accomplished by means of diagrams usually applied to replacement series and also by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence of the species, measurements of leaf area and shoot dry mass were performed. There was a competition between canola hybrids and weeds, with reduction for all variables. There was a differential competitive ability among canola hybrids in the presence of turnip and/or ryegrass. Canola hybrid Hyola 433 was more competitive in the presence of turnip than Hyola 61, 76 and 571 CL. Hyola 61, 76, 433 and 571 CL do not differ in terms of competition ability when growing with ryegrass.
EFFECTS OF EDAPHIC AND PHYSIOGNOMIC FACTORS ON SPECIES DIVERSITY , DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION IN RESERVED FOREST OF SATHAN GALI ( MANSEHRA ) , PAKISTAN

Forests have pivotal role in life sustenance of indigenous people of the area and economy of any country at mass level. Forest health, diversity and richness depends various environmental parameters. In this study, impact of edaphic and physiographic factors on plant communities of reserved forest of Sathan Gali (Mansehra), Pakistan is analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plant species were studied dividing the area into 13 stands on physiognomic features. In this analysis 136 plant species of 58 families were classified into four prominent plant communities through TWINSPAN approach. The family index depicted that Asteraceae was dominant among 58 families. Biological spectrum (BS) expressed Therophytes as the dominant plants with 27.34% species, while leaf size spectrum (LSS) classification showed Mesophytes having 25.83% species contribution. Importance value index (IVI) analysis proved that Pinus wallichiana had highest value (351.69) followed by Fragaria nubicola (62.88). In analysis, maximum species diversity (MSD) was found in Pinus-Pteris-Sarcococca community (0.102) while species richness (SR) was in Pinus-Digitaria-Sarcococca community (1.87) whereas maximum species maturity (MSM) was found in Pinus-Cedrus-Vibernum community (65.74). In two statistical analyses; it was found that DCA ordination of reserved forest indicated that the maximum gradient length was 3.32 for axis 1 and 2.57 for axis II while CCA ordination revealed that the maximum eigenvalue was 0.49 for axis 1 and 0.40 for axis II. Among environmental variables the maximum positive strength and impact on composition of community was recorded for altitude and phosphorous (P) while maximum negative strength was recorded for barometric pressure and temperature.
International Journal of Food Engineering Some Quality Aspects of Persimmon Jam Manufactured by Osmotic Dehydration without Thermal Treatment

The traditional way of preparing persimmon jam produces astringent flavours due to the conversion of insoluble tannins into soluble tannins as a consequence of the high temperatures used in the process. For this reason, a new method for preparing this kind of product based on osmotic dehydration was tested, in order to obtain persimmon jam without thermal treatment. In this work, ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon slices were dehydrated to approximately 30 oBrix in concentrated grape juice of 65.8 oBrix at 30oC, according to a previous kinetic study. Then, samples were mixed with concentrated grape juice, potassium sorbate, pectin and citric acid in order to reach a concentration of soluble solids of approximately 48 oBrix. Samples were stored at room temperature, and at 4oC. Determinations of oBrix, humidity, astringency, water activity and analysis of optical and mechanical properties (consistency and extrusion) were performed after 1, 5, 7, 12 and 18 days of storage. Non-refrigerated jam spoiled after five days of storage, but the characteristics of the refrigerated samples barely changed, without the presence of astringency. In conclusion, this method of preparing jam from persimmons could increase the commercial possibilities of this fruit, using refrigerated storage.
What macro factors make microfinance institutions reach out

This paper identifies factors that explain why microfinance institutions are reaching more clients in some countries than in others. To that end, the paper applies a cross-country analysis on a unique dataset covering 115 countries. Results indicate that the microfinance sector is more present in the richer countries of the developing world. It also reaches more clients in countries that receive more international support. Population density plays also a positive role, which could explain why the sector is still underdeveloped in rural areas. The level of industrialisation and inflation do not seem to influence microfinance outreach, while regional dummies do.
Effects of Different Source of Dietary Non-Starch Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Physiological Characteristics and Gene Expression of GLUT2 in Chickens

Growth and physiological characteristics of meat-type chicken such as serum immunoglobulin concentration, digesta pH and viscosity, pancreatic enzyme activity, organelle weights, and gene expression of intestinal GLUT2 of chickens was studied by means of 375 day-old chicks which randomly assigned to three treatments with five replicates in a completely randomized design. Two different types of cereal-based diets (wheat, and barley) were used as experimental groups and a corn-based diet was also considered to serve as control group. All diets had similar contents of crude protein, energy, and total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Results indicated that different dietary source of NSP had significantly (P<0.01) affected growth traits, so barley and wheat diets had maximum feed intake and feed conversion rate, inversely minimum weight gain than corn diet. Intestinal physicochemical characteristics such as pH and viscosity of digesta significantly (P<0.01) changed by different dietary source of NSP. Wheat and barley diets had minimum pH, and inversely maximum viscosity compared to corn diet. The maximum values of fat pad and liver percentage, in contrary, minimum values of pancreas and gut length belonged to corn diet (P<0.01). Serum immunoglobulin concentrations of IgG and IgM for wheat and barley diets were higher than their counterparts fed on corn (P<0.01). Gene expression of intestinal GLUT2 of chickens based on mean fold change after feeding of wheat or barley was at upper level compared to corn diet (P<0.01). In conclusion, based on findings of present study, feeding of different dietary NSP sources to broiler chickens significantly affected growth traits and internal organelle percentages, as well as physiological and immune responses. Also gene expression of intestinal GLUT2 well affected by cereal NSP sources through feeding of wheat or barley.
Numbers VS Narratives in the Eyes of Non-professional Investors

Purpose: In an explorative manner this thesis aims to research how the content of CEO-statement affects non-professional investors’ opinion of a company’s prospects. Methodology: This study is to be considered a qualitative study based on an inductive orientation regarding the role of theory. A cross-sectional design has been followed for the gathering of empirical data. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted along with a self-completion questionnaire. Both methods are used under the overarching structure of a simulation enabling an equity assessment by non-professional investors. Theoretical Perspectives: Initially, accountancy as a communication process is used to provide a theoretical context for our empirical material. Furthermore, theories for message reception and processing in the form of attribution theory, cognitive dissonance theory and social judgement theory are used. These were used in order to understand non-professional investors’ interpretation, organisation, and judgment process regarding the financial statements and the CEO-statement. Also, the Narrative paradigm is used as a theory of narrative in order to understand the persuasiveness of the CEO-statement. Finally, the competing values framework of managerial communication is used as a theory for understanding characteristics of the CEO-statement. The mentioned theories are then summarised and merged into an analysis model. Empirical Foundation: The empirical material is collected via a structure of simulation for fifteen participants incorporating semi-structured interviews and self-completion questionnaires. Conclusions: The observations in this study imply that non-professional investors perceive more often than not that a dissonant CEO-statement in relation to the financial statements possess characteristics that alter their opinion. It is demonstrated that the characteristics of dissonance cause non-professional investors’ to either revise their opinion in a positive direction or not change it at all. Finally, it is concluded that the opinion of non-professional investors’ is affected by both perceived characteristics of dissonance and perceived persuasiveness of the CEO-statement.
The initial mass function of a massive relic galaxy

Massive relic galaxies formed the bulk of their stellar component before z � 2 and have remained unaltered since then. Therefore, they represent a unique opportunity to study in great detail the frozen stellar population properties of those galaxies that populated the primitive Universe. We have combined optical to near-infrared linestrength indices in order to infer, out to 1.5 Re, the IMF of the nearby relic massive galaxy NGC 1277. The IMF of this galaxy is bottom-heavy at all radii, with the fraction of low-mass stars being at least a factor of two larger than that found in the Milky Way. The excess of low-mass stars is present throughout the galaxy, while the velocity dispersion profile shows a strong decrease with radius. This behaviour suggests that local velocity dispersion is not the only driver of the observed IMF variations seen among nearby early-type galaxies. In addition, the excess of low-mass stars shown in NGC 1277 could reflect the effect on the IMF of dramatically different and intense star formation processes at z � 2, compared to the less extreme conditions observed in the local Universe.
Defining Failure: The Language, Meaning and Ethics of Medical Error 1

Despite the technical sophistication of modern medicine errors cannot be avoided. As errors are situated in the complexity and dynamicity that characterize healthcare environments they are difficult to define. A conceptual framework of medical error needs to account for the reality of medical work and the nature of error as a language-mediated social and legal construct. We identify four aspects that serve as a distinct framework: the notion of intent, the etiology of medical error and its multi-factorial flow, peer-reviewed contexts, and outcomes that may or may not result in harm to patients. The former assume moral quality and become concerns of justice. Specifically, a restorative justice approach supports the disclosure of errors to patients and addresses their physical, mental, spiritual, and social effects. The result of this contextually grounded, outcome-oriented model and accompanying definition of medical error provides practical guidance for hospital policies on dealing with medical error issues.
Flora and vegetation of the banded iron formations of the Yilgarn Craton: western Narryer Terrane.

The Narryer Terrane is the oldest component of the Yilgarn Craton, located in the north-western part of the Murchison Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA) region. Previous work has surveyed the flora and vegetation of Jack Hills, the main greenstone belt within the terrane. This paper describes the flora and vegetation of the remaining occurrences of banded iron formations on the Narryer Terrane. One hundred and fifty one taxa were recorded from the western Narryer Terrane, with two species of conservation significance, Philotheca citrina and Calytrix erosipetala. Three range extensions were recorded including Swainsona rotunda, previously only known from the type specimen. Four communities were determined from hierarchical classification and the distribution of plant communities was correlated with soil nutrients. The most widespread community occurred across all positions in the landscape, on sites with greater fertility and less acidic soil. All communities occurred on relatively low terrain, characterised by gently inclined slopes, low rock cover and shallow soils. Vegetation within the survey region was in poor condition due to grazing by feral goats. The ironstone ranges are currently within mining tenements but no current exploration is underway. None of the ranges are within the Western Australian conservation estate.
Culture‐specific appraisal biases contribute to emotion dispositions

We suggest that cultural factors may encourage the development of affective personality traits or emotional dispositions by producing or rewarding specific appraisal biases. To buttress this argument, we describe a putative mechanism and review the pertinent evidence: (a) an emotion disposition (trait affect) is a risk factor for experiencing certain emotions more readily and/or more frequently, (b) appraisal bias tends to cause certain emotions to be more readily experienced and may thus lead to the emergence of emotion dispositions and even emotional disturbances and (c) cultural goal, belief and value systems may encourage certain types of appraisal bias and may thus provide an explanation for vestiges of culture‐specific modal personality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimension theory and nonstable $K$-theory for net groups

The article introduces concepts of structure and dimension in arbitrary categories and uses these to formulate and prove general results concerning the structure of group valued functors. It is anticipated that these results will apply to all classical-like groups defined over rings and related objects. In the current article the general results are applied to establish that nonstable net K1 of a net of finite Bass-Serre dimension is a nilpotent by Abelian group.
Teaching environmental sustainability in higher education

The challenges of sustainable engineering and design are complex and so are the challenges of teaching sustainability to higher education students. This paper deals with teaching environmental sustainability, with a specific focus on the sustainability of buildings. The paper addresses specifically the higher professional and academic education. What do we know about the efficiency of courses on sustainability as they are currently offered and what do students need to experience in their curriculum to be able to appreciate the challenge of sustainable engineering? There always seem to be three major problems: (1) the definition of the concept of sustainable engineering, which is ill-defined and on which there is little general agreement, (2) the fact that sustainable engineering has to integrate many different disciplines, while curricula are mostly monodisciplinary, and (3) the fact that environmental sciences are still under development and suffer from progressive insights. This paper addresses these three stumbling blocks and bring them in relation with the basic principles of education and course design: How to deal with the ill-defined concept of sustainability in curricula? What are the implications of teaching a discipline that is still under rapid development? What are possible conflicts between multidisciplinary and monodisciplinary approaches of education in sustainability?
Green procurement in construction industry: a theoretical perspective of enablers and barriers

The global environment is gradually deteriorating and the construction sector is commonly considered as most influential to such issues extending from non-renewable resource depletion to global warming. Developing countries in Asia produce more than 60% of the CO2 emissions and this increases from year to year in the real estate industries. Traditional building materials experience low environmental performance; furthermore, they can lead to several risks related to the environment which consists of the construction process and building operation, such as the diverse emission of hazardous waste. Therefore, green procurement has been considered as a gateway approach for enhancing the environmental performance in the building industry. Since the procurement phase is the early stage of the project lifecycle, it is the most noteworthy to ensure a sustainable future perspective. Therefore, this paper intends to establish a theoretical outlook to exploit the enablers and barriers for promoting green procurement in the construction industry.
Paddy soil properties and yield characteristics based on apparent electrical conductivity zone delineation for a humid tropical rice farm

The traditional grid soil sampling is laborious and time-consuming. It leads to delay in applying the precision-farming cycle. An apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensor (VerisEC 3100) was introduced to delineate zones of contrasting areas of paddy soils for site-specific fertilizer management. This study was conducted to zone the area by ECa data as a summary indicator for zoning paddy soils to facilitate fertilizer management. The area was 145 ha lowland paddy fields in Selangor Malaysia. In a typical plot size of 1.2 ha, the ECa sensor was pulled by a tractor to collect ECa data in 4 passes spaced 15 m apart. Soil samples were collected at 2 points per plot on the track within the area. Under shallow ECa zoning characteristics, zone 1 has significantly lower organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total S, cation exchange capacity (CEC), Mg, Fe and Clay, and has higher exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), fine sand and sand. Deep ECa zone showed that mean soil base saturation (BS) in zone 3 was significantly higher than those in the other zones while EC was significantly lower. Mean soil P, Mg, total basic cation and clay within zones 1 and 2 were significantly lower as compared to the other zones. However, yield as responded to ECa was found to be in a non-linear form. The results of zonal characterizations indicate that the ECa sensor can provide useful information for zone management practice. Key words: Rice soils, management zones, precision farming, regression, correlation.
Signature of palaeo‐ice‐stream stagnation: till consolidation induced by basal freeze‐on

A combination of glaciological theory and geological observations was used to investigate the possibility of till consolidation being driven by basal freeze‐on beneath a stagnating, mid‐latitude palaeo‐ice stream. We focused on the case of the Baltic Ice Stream that advanced into Denmark at c. 15ka BP and which left behind a characteristic till sequence consisting of a strong and well‐consolidated till crust underlain by weak and poorly consolidated till. Our hypothesis is that basal freezing caused the markedly higher consolidation of the uppermost till layer. The freezing may have either triggered or simply just accompanied ice‐stream stoppage. To test the feasibility of this hypothesis, we have developed a numerical model that couples ice‐stream dynamics to time‐dependent changes of till properties. Despite relatively mild palaeo‐climatic conditions in this area during Late Pleistocene deglaciation (˜0°C), the ice‐stream model is capable of producing basal freezing when the effect of horizontal advection of cold ice is included. Our simulations of till response to basal freezing are based on thermodynamic concepts adapted from permafrost studies. Dewatering of till by basal freeze‐on may lead to overconsolidation (OCR>10). Based on the history of effective pressure changes in the till, we can predict postglacial till strength profiles using the SHANSEP method. In a series of numerical experiments we have examined the response of till strength to basal freeze‐on induced beneath a decaying ice sheet. We have come reasonably close to reproducing shear strength profiles for till deposited by the Baltic Ice Stream. These observations are most consistent with palaeo‐ice‐stream stagnation triggered by basal freezing and followed by abrupt retreat (<100 years) due to high surface ablation rates (>10 ma‐1).
Spectral and spatial observations of microwave spikes and zebra structure in the short radio burst of May 29, 2003

Context. The unusual radio burst of May 29, 2003 connected with the M1.5 flare in AR 10368 has been analyzed. It was observed by the Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer (SBRS/Huairou station, Beijing) in the 5.2‐7.6 GHz range. It proved to be only the third case of a neat zebra structure appearing among all observations at such high frequencies. Despite the short duration of the burst (25 s), it provided a wealth of data for studying the superfine structure with millisecond resolution (5 ms). Aims. We localize the site of emission sources in the flare region, estimate plasma parameters in the generation sites, and suggest applicable mechanisms for interpretating spikes and zebra-structure generation. Methods. We analyze of flare area structures and spectral parameters of millisecond spikes and their radio sources. We then interpret the superfine structure in the framework of known models. Results. Positions of radio bursts were obtained by the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) (5.7 GHz) and Nobeyama radioheliograph (NoRH) (17 GHz). The flare configuration includes two systems of loops with the common base near the N-spot. The loop bases coincide with polarized emission sources at 17 GHz. The sources in intensity gravitated to tops of short loops at 17 GHz, and to long loops at 5.7 GHz. Short pulses at 17 GHz (with a temporal resolution of 100 ms) are registered in the R-polarized source over the N-magnetic polarity (extraordinary mode). The positions of the subsecond pulse sources at 5.7 GHz change from pulse to pulse and are level with the tops of some loops over the magnetic field’s neutral line. Dynamic spectra show that all the emission comprised millisecond pulses (spikes) of 5‐10 ms duration in the instantaneous band of 70 to 100 MHz, forming the superfine structure of different bursts, essentially in the form of fast or slow-drift fibers and various zebra-structure stripes. Five scales of zebra structures have been singled out. The occurrence of the spikes is associated with the formation of two new radio sources with different polarities, which appeared simultaneously on SSRT and NoRH maps. This took place after new magnetic fluxes of opposite polarity had emerged in the leading spot and a new magnetic “delta” configuration had been formed. Conclusions. As the main mechanism for generating spikes (as the initial emission) we suggest the coalescence of plasma waves with whistlers in the pulse regime of interaction between whistlers and ion-sound waves. In this case one can explain the appearance of fibers and sporadic zebra-structure stripes exhibiting the frequency splitting.