Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010

Abstract. The volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland in April and May 2010 was detected in clear layers above Switzerland during two periods (17–19 April 2010 and 16–19 May 2010). In-situ measurements of the airborne volcanic plume were performed both within ground-based monitoring networks and with a research aircraft up to an altitude of 6000 m a.s. l. The wide range of aerosol and gas phase parameters studied at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) allowed for an in-depth characterization of the detected volcanic aerosol. Both the data from the Jungfraujoch and the aircraft vertical profiles showed a consistent volcanic ash mode in the aerosol volume size distribution with a mean optical diameter around 3 ± 0.3 μm. These particles were found to have an average chemical composition very similar to the trachyandesite-like composition of rock samples collected near the volcano. Furthermore, chemical processing of volcanic sulfur dioxide into sulfate clearly contributed to the accumulation mode of the aerosol at the Jungfraujoch. The combination of these in-situ data and plume dispersion modeling results showed that a significant portion of the first volcanic aerosol plume reaching Switzerland on 17 April 2010 did not reach the Jungfraujoch directly, but was first dispersed and diluted in the planetary boundary layer. The maximum PM 10 mass concentrations at the Jungfraujoch reached 30 μgm −3 and 70 μgm −3 (for 10-min mean values) duri ng the April and May episode, respectively. Even low-altitude monitoring stations registered up to 45 μgm −3 of volcanic ash related PM 10 (Basel, Northwestern Switzerland, 18/19 April 2010). The flights with the research aircraft on 17 April 2010 showed one order of magnitude higher number concentrations over the northern Swiss plateau compared to the Jungfraujoch, and a mass concentration of 320 (200–520) μgm −3 on 18 May 2010 over the northwestern Swiss plateau. The presented data significantly contributed to the time-critical assessment of the local ash layer properties during the initial eruption phase. Furthermore, dispersion models benefited from the detailed information on the volcanic aerosol size distribution and its chemical composition.
Catch crop strategy and nitrate leaching following grazed grass‐clover

Cultivation of grassland presents a high risk of nitrate leaching. This study aimed to determine if leaching could be reduced by growing spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage with undersown Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) compared with barley grown to maturity with or without an undersown conventional catch crop of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). All treatments received 0, 60 or 120 kg of ammonium‐N ha−1 in cattle slurry. In spring 2003, two grass‐clover fields (3 and 5 years old, respectively, with different management histories) were ploughed. The effects of the treatments on yield and nitrate leaching were determined in the first year, while the residual effects of the treatments were determined in the second year in a crop of spring barley/perennial ryegrass. Nitrate leaching was estimated in selected treatments using soil water samples from ceramic cups. The experiment showed that compared with treatments without catch crop, green barley/Italian ryegrass reduced leaching by 163–320 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 95–99%, and the perennial ryegrass reduced leaching to between 34 and 86 kg N ha−1, corresponding to a reduction of 80 and 66%. Also, in the second growing season, leaching following catch crops was reduced compared with the bare soil treatment. It was concluded that the green barley/Italian ryegrass offers advantages not only for the environment but also for farmers, for whom it provides a fodder high in roughage and avoids the difficulties with clover fatigue increasingly experienced by Danish farmers.
Size and Density of Fibers in Fibrin and Other Filamentous Networks from Turbidimetry: Beyond a Revisited Carr−Hermans Method, Accounting for Fractality and Porosity

The Carr–Hermans method [Macromolecules 1978, 11, 46−50], often used for determining the fibers diameter d and density ρ in fibrin or other filamentous networks from turbidity data, is found to be remarkably inaccurate when the system’s mass fractal dimension Dm is >1. An expanded approach based on the knowledge of the system Dm and pore size ξ, which can be accurately recovered from low-angle elastic light scattering data or estimated from confocal microscopy, is proposed. By fitting the turbidity data with a function obtained by numerically integrating the fibrin-optimized scattering form factor of a network of cylindrical elements, both d and ρ can be independently recovered. Numerical simulations were employed to validate the reliability and accuracy of the method, which is then applied to evolving fibrin gels data. More in general, this method is extendible to the analysis of other filamentous networks that can be represented as ensembles of cylindrical elements.
Thermomagnetic and magnetocaloric properties of metamagnetic Ni-Mn-In-Co Heusler alloy in magnetic fields up to 140 kOe

High cooling power of magnetocaloric refrigeration can be achieved only at large amounts of heat, which can be transferred in one cycle from cold end hot end at quasi-isothermal conditions. The simple and robust experimental method of direct measuring of the transferred heat of materials with magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in thermal contact with massive copper block with definite heat capacity in quasi-isothermal regime was proposed. The vacuum calorimeter for the specific transferred heat ∆Q and adiabatic temperature change ∆T measurements of MCE materials in the fields of Bitter coil magnet up to H = 140 kOe was designed and tested on samples of Ni43Mn37.9In12. 1Co7 Heusler alloy with inverse MCE in the vicinity of meta-magneto- structural phase transition (PT). It was found, that the magnetic field H = 80 kOe produces complete PT from martensite to austenite with ∆Q = - 1600 J/kg at initial temperature 273 K.
Seroprevalence of Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Infection and Risk Factors Associated in Pikine, Dakar Region, Senegal

There is lack of data describing the A (H1N1) pdm09 virus pandemic in Africa. In 2011, we carried out a crosssectional study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of A (H1N1) pdm09 serology in the general population of Pikine, in the region of Dakar, Senegal. 2669 persons from 347 households were tested for A (H1N1) pdm09 using a hemagglutination inhibition test (threshold of 1/80). The general seroprevalence was of 49,0%. Our result showed a pronounced heterogeneity according to neighborhood (16,7%-71%). Multilevel analysis showed that “covering one’s mouth while coughing” was the only variable related to a reduction of A (H1N1) pdm09 infection (OR=0.50 (0.25- 0.98)). Additionally, variance analysis showed significant effects of neighborhood and household. In conclusion, this study showed intense circulation of the A (H1N1) pdm09 virus among the general population in Pikine. The «Neighborhood» and «household» effects identified require elucidation in order to understand the epidemiology of this epidemic.
Rule breaking in social care: hierarchy, contentiousness and informal rules

Taking a longitudinal case study approach, this article examines the process of rule breaking in a newly formed UK domiciliary care provider. In this study, the founder acted in such a manner so as to partially decouple the organization from externally imposed institutional rules and regulations, allowing the emergence of informal rules between carer and client. These informal rules increasingly guided the behaviours of care workers over time, resulting in the breach of formal strictures. Building on the dimensions of hierarchy and contentiousness, rule breaking is conceptualized here as a phenomenon which occurs as a result of the tension between competing formal and informal rules, at multiple levels throughout the organizational hierarchy.
Attention-based convolutional neural networks for acoustic scene classification

We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on an attention pooling method to classify ten different acoustic scenes, participating in the acoustic scene classiﬁcation task of the IEEE AASPChallengeonDetectionandClassiﬁcationofAcousticScenes and Events (DCASE 2018), which includes data from one device (subtask A) and data from three different devices (subtask B). The log mel spectrogram images of the audio waves are ﬁrst forwarded to convolutional layers, and then fed into an attention pooling layer to reduce the feature dimension and achieve classiﬁcation. From attention perspective, we build a weighted evaluation of the features, instead of simple max pooling or average pooling. On the ofﬁcial development set of the challenge, the best accuracy of subtask A is 72.6%,whichisanimprovementof12.9%whencomparedwiththe ofﬁcial baseline (p < .001 in a one-tailed z-test). For subtask B, the best result of our attention-based CNN is a signiﬁcant improvement of the baseline as well, in which the accuracies are 71.8%, 58.3%, and 58.3% for the three devices A to C (p < .001 for device A, p < .01 for device B, and p < .05 for device C).
THE INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM AND CHROMIUM ON THE BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF SHISHAM (DALBERGIA SISSOO ROXB.) SEEDLINGS

The present study investigated the effects of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) on the growth of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) seedlings. Metal elements were applied in the form of Cd(SO4)2 and K2CrO4 at variegated concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg L -1 under controlled conditions of light and temperature for four weeks. Response of the seedlings was monitored in terms of number of leaves, shoot and root length, leaves, root and shoot weight (fresh and oven dry) and chlorophyll contents. Decline in growth was recorded after 10 mg L -1 and 40 mg L -1 for Cr and Cd application respectively. Similarly, combined application of Cd and Cr showed growth reduction beyond 20 mg L -1 dose. Chromium appeared to be more toxic to Dalbergia sissoo as compared to Cd at seedling stage.
Deep Physiological Affect Network for the Recognition of Human Emotions

Here we present a robust physiological model for the recognition of human emotions, called Deep Physiological Affect Network. This model is based on a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) network and a new temporal margin-based loss function. Formulating the emotion recognition problem as a spectral-temporal sequence classification problem of bipolar EEG signals underlying brain lateralization and photoplethysmogram signals, the proposed model improves the performance of emotion recognition. Specifically, the new loss function allows the model to be more confident as it observes more of specific feelings while training ConvLSTM models. The function is designed to result in penalties for the violation of such confidence. Our experiments on a public dataset show that our deep physiological learning technology significantly increases the recognition rate of state-of-the-art techniques by 15.96 percent increase in accuracy. An extensive analysis of the relationship between participants’ emotion ratings and physiological changes in brain lateralization function during the experiment is also presented.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENCAPAIAN KONSEP DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya masalah kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa. Hal ini disebabkan karena siswa hanya bergantung dari apa yang diberikan oleh guru saja. Proses pembelajaran belum melibatkan siswa secara aktif sehingga siswa kurang mampu memahami konsep dasar materi yang dipelajari. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat menunjang pemahaman konsep siswa adalah model pembelajaran pencapaian konsep dengan pendekatan kontekstual. Cara ini melibatkan siswa menemukan sendiri sebuah konsep matematika melalui pengamatan langsung bendabenda yang ada di sekitar mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas siswa, mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa, dan mengetahui respon siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran pencapaian konsep dengan pendekatan kontekstual. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian ini di SMPN 5 Tuban Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII-A yang berjumlah 32 siswa dengan siswa laki-laki sebanyak 17 orang dan siswa perempuan sebanyak 15 orang. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan tes dan angket. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini ada 2 yaitu instrumen pembelajaran (RPP dan LKS) dan instrumen pengumpulan data (angket). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran pencapaian konsep dengan pendekatan kontekstual mengalami peningkatan. Rata-rata persentase siklus I sebesar 70,29% dengan kriteria Cukup Baik, siklus II 82,71% dengan kriteria Baik, dan siklus III 90,45% dengan kriteria Sangat Baik. Berdasarkan presentase diketahui bahwa adanya peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 12,42%, pada siklus II ke siklus III sebesar 7,74%. Abstract
Vitamin D Assessment In Iron Deficiency Anemic Pregnant Women and Their Newborns

: Vitamin D is a prohormone nutrient, which is involved in skeletal and extra-skeletal functions. Iron is another essential nutrient that is necessary for the production of red blood cells and oxygen transport. This element plays important roles in enzymatic systems including those required for Vitamin D activation. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common diseases among pregnant women worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy might be associated with some adverse effects on fetal growth. This study was designed to assess the possible relationship between IDA in pregnant mothers, their corresponding newborns and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Research Design and Methods: Maternal and fetal serum25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were evaluated using radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, in 25 pregnancies with IDA compared to 15 age-matched uncomplicated term gestations. Birth weight and clinical status of the neonates were assessed. Results: The present study revealed that 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was statistically decrease in IDA pregnant group in comparison to the control group (p
A suicide risk screening scale for HIV- infected persons in the immediate post- diagnosis period

Background. The risk of suicidal tendencies in HIV-infected persons appears high and may parallel the increasing prevalence of suicidal behaviour in South Africa. Objective. To construct a brief suicide risk screening scale (SRSS) as a self-administered instrument to screen for suicidal ideation in recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons. Methods. An SRSS was developed, drawing 14 items from two established screening tests, and assessed using a sample of 150 HIV-infected consenting adults identified at a voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) clinic at an academic district level hospital in Durban, South Africa. Participants returned three weeks after their initial assessment for a re-assessment. Results. The internal consistency of the SRSS was good (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.87), and its sensitivity (81%) was higher than its specificity (47%). The findings suggest that, despite certain limitations, the SRSS may be a valuable screening tool for suicidal ideation at VCT clinics. Conclusion. Screening for suicide risk and possible suicidal behaviour in HIV-positive persons may form a routine aspect of comprehensive patient care at VCT clinics to assist with effective prevention and treatment.
Ontogenetic changes in lipids, fatty acid, and body composition during larval stages of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum)

Body composition and fatty acid profile of the body tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fish larvae were determined from fertilized egg to 50 days post hatching (dph). Feeding with rotifer started from day 3 to day 7; thereafter they were fed with dry food until the end of the experiment. The changes observed in lipid content and the decrease in lipid levels during larval ontogeny reflect the utilization and mobilization of lipids during both embryogenesis and larvae development. During this study, palmitic and stearic acids were the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SAFA). In kutum larvae, no utilization of palmitic and stearic acids was observed until 20 dph. It thereafter was utilized as an energy source. Oleic and palmitoleic cacids were the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Oleic and palmitoleic acids utilized until 10 and 25 dph, respectively; thereafter they increased. DHA, EPA and ARA were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The decrease in levels of DHA and EPA denotes their utilization as an energy substrate by kutum larvae. ARA decreased during larval ontogeny, reflecting dietary values. With regard to reared kutum larvae in fresh water and the low levels of HUFA in larval diet, it can be said that kutum larvae possibly are quite capable of elongating and desaturating C18 to C20 PUFA. In case of proximate analysis, the percentage of body protein and ash increased trend during ontogeny while the percentage of body lipid and moisture decreased trend during larval growth.
Radiosonde stratospheric temperatures at Dumont d'Urville (Antarctica): trends and link with polar stratospheric clouds

Temperature profiles measurements are performed daily (00:00 UT) in Dumont d'Urville (66°40' S, 140°01' E) by Meteo-France, using standard radiosondes, since the International Geophysical Year in 1957. Yet, due to a 16 years data gap between 1963 and 1978, the entire dataset is only used for a qualitative overview. Only the most recent series, between 1979 and 2008, is used to investigate the inter-annual stratospheric temperatures variability. Over Dumont d'Urville, at the edge of the vortex, the annual mean temperature cooling of about 1 K/decade at 20 km is the result of the cooling trends between 0.5 and 1.4 K/decade, in summer and autumn and a warming of about 1.1 K/decade in spring. These values are consistent with values obtained using data from inner vortex stations, but with smaller amplitude. No statistically significant trend is detected in winter. We propose here the first attempt to link stratospheric temperature trends to Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) trends in Antarctica based on the only continuous 20 years database of PSC lidar detection. Despite the absence of mean temperature trend during winter, the occurrence of temperatures below the NAT threshold between 1989 and 2008 reveals a significant trend of about +6%/decade. The PSCs occurrences frequency exhibits a concomitant trend of about +3%/decade, although not statistically significant. Yet, this is consistent with results obtained in the Northern Hemisphere. Such a possible positive trend in PSC occurrence has to be further explored to be confirmed or invalidated. If confirmed, this PSC trend is likely to have strong impacts, both on ozone recovery and climate evolution in Antarctica. The study also reveals the importance of trends on extreme temperatures, and not only on mean temperatures.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Ceramic Powders

Molten salt synthesis, one of the methods of preparing ceramic powders, involves the use of a molten salt as the medium for preparing complex oxides from their constituent materials (oxides and carbonates). Ceramic powders are prepared from solid, liquid, and gas phases by various methods (Rahaman, 2003). For large-scale commercial production, ceramic powders are fabricated mainly from the solid phase by a conventional powder metallurgical method. Molten salt synthesis is a modification of the powder metallurgical method. Salt with a low melting point is added to the reactants and heated above the melting point of the salt. The molten salt acts as the solvent. Molten salts have been used as additives to enhance the rates of solid state reactions for a long time. The amount of salt is small, typically a few percent of the total weight. In contrast, in molten salt synthesis, a large amount of salt is used as the solvent to control powder characteristics (size, shape, etc.). In this sense, molten salt synthesis is different from the flux method, which uses the salt as an additive to enhance the reaction rate. Typical examples of salts used in molten salt synthesis are chlorides and sulfates. In many cases, eutectic mixtures of salts are used to lower the liquid formation temperature. The melting points of NaCl and KCl are 801°C and 770°C, respectively, and that of 0.5NaCl– 0.5KCl (eutectic composition) is 650°C. For example, 0.635Li2SO4–0.365Na2SO4 is the most commonly used salt among sulfates because of its low melting temperature, which is 594°C, whereas that of Na2SO4–K2SO4 is 823°C. The solubilities of oxides in molten salts vary greatly from less than 1 x 10–10 mole fraction to more than 0.5 mole fraction, typically 1×10–3 1×10–7 mole fraction (Arendt et al., 1979). In many cases, the formation reaction occurs in the presence of solid reactant particles. In this sense, molten salt is somewhat different from ordinary solvents, which dissolve all reactant particles and the product particles precipitate from a homogeneous liquid phase. Generally, a complex oxide powder is prepared from reactants by the following procedure. A mixture of the reactants and salt is heated above the melting temperature of the salt. At the heating temperature, the salt melts and the product particles form. The characteristics of the product powder are controlled by selecting the temperature and duration of the heating. Then, the reacted mass is cooled to room temperature and washed with an appropriate solvent (typically, water) to remove the salt. The complex oxide powder is obtained after drying. The procedure is the same as that of a conventional powder metallurgical method and is easily scaled up for the fabrication of large quantities of materials. The use of molten salt is a common method to grow single crystals from solution (Elwell & Scheel, 1975). In this method, the reactant materials are completely dissolved in molten salt
Data-driven Local Control Design using Optimization and Machine Learning Techniques

The optimal control of distribution networks often requires monitoring and communication infrastructure, either centralized or distributed. However, most of the current distribution systems lack this kind of infrastructure and rely on suboptimal, fit-and-forget, local controls to ensure the security of the network. In this paper, we propose a data-driven algorithm that uses historical data, advanced optimization techniques, and machine learning methods, to design local controls that emulate the optimal behavior without the use of any communication. We demonstrate the performance of the optimized local control on a three-phase, unbalanced, low-voltage, distribution network. The results show that our data-driven methodology clearly outperforms standard industry local control and successfully imitates an optimal-power-flow-based control.