Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polyphasic characterization of Trichocoleus desertorum sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenales, Cyanobacteria) from desert soils and phylogenetic placement of the genus Trichocoleus

Little is known about the taxonomic diversity of cyanobacteria in deserts, despite their important ecological roles in these ecosystems. In this study, cyanobacterial strains from the Atacama, Colorado, and Mojave Deserts were isolated and characterized using molecular, morphological, and ecological information. Phylogenetic placement of these strains was revealed through Bayesian and parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses utilizing sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the associated 16S–23S ITS region. Based on the combined evidence of this polyphasic approach, a new species from desert soils morphologically corresponding to the genus Trichocoleus was described. Trichocoleus desertorum sp. nov. Mühlsteinová, Johansen et Pietrasiak was used to obtain a phylogenetic reference point for Trichocoleus , a genus so far characterized by morphological description only. Through characterization of this new taxon in desert soils we hope to contribute to the general understanding of cyanobacterial diversity in extreme arid habitats. 1). Soil samples were acquired by collecting the surface layer of soil including soil crusts where present. Upon returning to the laboratory, samples were either dilution plated on agar-solidified Z-8 medium 1986), or the Moistened Soil Method was applied to provide enrichment. In the dilution plating method, 0.5 g of dry soil was mixed with 50 ml of sterile liquid Z-8 medium, the mixture was shaken for 30 min and then 0.1 ml of this solution was plated on Z-8 agar plates. In the Moistened Soil Method three small petri dishes with 5 g of soil were used. Two of these soil samples were moistened with sterile DI water, the third one with sterile liquid Z-8. All strains were isolated into Z-8 medium and transferred on to agar slants after obtaining unialgal cultures. Cultures were maintained in a growth chamber with 16:8 h light:dark cycle at 15–18 °C.
Effect of water treatment of sorghum on the performance of broiler chicks

The present study was conducted to observe the efficacy of water treatment on sorghum grain and to determine its optimum inclusion in broiler diets. Sorghum grain was treated with water and dried. Seven isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were prepared, using raw and treated sorghum, and designated diets A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Diet A, containing 0% sorghum, was kept as control. In diets B, C and D, raw sorghum was used at levels of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, while in diets E, F and G, treated sorghum was used at the same levels. Two hundred and ten day-old chicks were randomly divided into 21 experimental units of 10 chicks each. These experimental units were randomly allocated to seven treatments. It was observed that water treatment reduced the tannin contents of sorghum. Birds fed diets A, E and F showed the best weight gains, and diet G showed a better weight gain than diets B, C and D. The best feed efficiency was observed in chicks fed diets with treated sorghum compared with those fed raw sorghum. There was no significant effect of treated or raw sorghum on the weight of the internal organs. The study revealed that tannin contents in sorghum grain can be reduced with water treatment and that this treated sorghum can be used in broilers’ diet up to the level of 20% to obtain efficient broiler production. Keywords: Water treatment, tannin, birds, performance
Statistical analysis of solar activity variations of total electron content derived at Jet Propulsion Laboratory from GPS observations

[1] We analyzed the data series of the total electron content (TEC) derived at Jet Propulsion Laboratory from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations to investigate the solar activity effects of TEC on a global scale. The daily values of the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) fluxes in 0.1–50 nm wavelengths, 10.7 cm radio flux F10.7, and F10.7P (the average of daily F10.7 and its 81-day mean F10.7A) are adopted to represent the solar EUV variability, respectively. The EUV fluxes are measured by the Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) spectrometer aboard Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Three kinds of patterns (linearity, saturation, and amplification) can be detected in TEC versus F10.7P and EUV. A saturation feature exists in TEC versus F10.7 in the daytime, more pronounced at low latitudes than at middle and high latitudes. The saturation in the equatorial anomaly regions is strongest in equinoxes and weakest in the June solstice. In contrast, the amplification in TEC, as a novel feature, is mainly distributed in the northern middle, and high latitudes in the December solstice and in the Southern Hemisphere in the June solstice and the March equinox. It is the first time to determine where and when the linear, saturation, and amplification patterns are distributed in TEC. Further, the solar activity sensitivity of TEC is stronger at day than at night and more evident at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. The solar activity dependent rates of TEC in the equatorial and low-latitude regions have a minimum around the dip equator and maxima on both sides of the dip equator (near the crest of the equatorial anomaly). This structure is roughly aligned along the dip equator, being strongest in equinoxes and weakest in the June solstice, which highlights the importance of ionospheric dynamics related with E × B drift. In addition, this analysis confirms that in a statistical sense, a quadrate polynomial can well capture the long-term solar activity dependency of TEC at specified local time.
Desiccation and recovery of periphyton biomass and density in a subtropical lentic ecosystem

This study assessed the desiccation effects on biomass and algal density of periphyton in a subtropical lentic ecosystem. This experiment was conducted with only one in situ experimental desiccation event for 15 hours in a mature periphytic community. The periphyton after desiccation was distinct in density and biomass estimators (dry weight and chlorophyll a) when compared to the control periphyton. After the tenth day of desiccation, the community presented similar values for biomass estimators when compared to the control periphyton. The density and biomass estimators of the periphyton community was affected by the desiccation event and required about ten days to recover to pre-disturbance conditions.
Reaction Probability of N 205 on Aqueous Aerosols

The reaction probability, 7, of N205 (to form HNO3) with monodisperse NH3/H2SO4/H20 aerosols has been measured in a flow tube reactor at atmospheric pressure. Experiments were performed at temperatures of 274 and 293 K and at relative humidities of 1-76%. It appears that the presence of a liquid phase is necessary for reaction. With NH•HSO• aerosol, 7 values are nonzero, even below the deliquescence point of the pure salt, and show a gradual increase with increasing relative humidity up to constant values of 0.05 and 0.09 for 293 and 274 K, respectively. Experiments with aerosols of varied NH3/H2SOa. ratios suggest that evaporation of NH 3 from the NH•HSO• aerosols creates excess H2SOa. on the surface. This can take up water vapor to provide the reactant for N205 below the deliquescence point of NH4HSO4. The present observations are consistent with the reaction of N205 with moist aerosols being a major removal mechanism for odd nitrogen and a major source of HNO 3 in the nighttime troposphere. The same reaction on H2SOa. aerosols may be of significance in the stratosphere.
C2H observations toward the Orion Bar

Context. The ethynyl radical (C2H) is one of the first radicals to be detected in the interstellar medium. Its higher rotational transitions have recently become available with the Herschel Space Observatory. Aims: We aim to constrain the physical parameters of the C2H emitting gas toward the Orion Bar. Methods: We analyze the C2H line intensities measured toward the Orion Bar CO+ Peak and Herschel/HIFI maps of C2H, CH, and HCO+ and a NANTEN map of [Ci]. We interpret the observed C2H emission using the combination of Herschel/HIFI and NANTEN data with radiative transfer and PDR models. Results: Five rotational transitions of C2H (from N = 6-5 up to N = 10-9) have been detected in the HIFI frequency range toward the CO+ peak of the Orion Bar. Based on the five detected C2H transitions, a single component rotational diagram analysis gives a rotation temperature of ~64 K and a beam-averaged C2H column density of 4 × 1013 cm-2. The rotational diagram is also consistent with a two-component fit, resulting in rotation temperatures of 43 ± 0.2 K and 123 ± 21 K and in beam-averaged column densities of ~8.3 × 1013 cm-2 and ~2.3 × 1013 cm-2 for the three lower-N and for the three higher-N transitions, respectively. The measured five rotational transitions cannot be explained by any single parameter model. According to a non-LTE model, most of the C2H column density produces the lower-N C2H transitions and traces a warm (Tkin ~ 100-150 K) and dense (n(H2) ~ 105-106 cm-3) gas. A small fraction of the C2H column density is required to reproduce the intensity of the highest-N transitions (N = 9-8 and N = 10-9) originating in a high-density (n(H2) ~5 × 106 cm-3) hot (Tkin ~ 400 K) gas. The total beam-averaged C2H column density in the model is 1014 cm-2. A comparison of the spatial distribution of C2H to those of CH, HCO+, and [Ci] shows the best correlation with CH. Conclusions: Both the non-LTE radiative transfer model and a simple PDR model representing the Orion Bar with a plane-parallel slab of gas and dust suggest that C2H cannot be described by a single pressure component, unlike the reactive ion CH+, which was previously analyzed toward the Orion Bar CO+ peak. The physical parameters traced by the higher rotational transitions (N = 6-5, ., 10-9) of C2H may be consistent with the edges of dense clumps exposed to UV radiation near the ionization front of the Orion Bar. Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda. org
Global brand market‐entry strategy to manage corporate reputation

Purpose – This paper aims to present a case for the practical management of corporate reputation, in relation to two groups of concepts: communication, identity, and trust; and communication, identity, and image.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the current knowledge of corporate reputation, personality, identity, and image leads to development of a strategy framework to enhance/protect corporate reputation. A case study involving a corporate logo introduced into a developed market by an emerging multinational corporation (EMNC) is presented.Findings – The paper identifies that credibility and trust are significant elements which must be managed and communicated to maintain the firm's corporate image and reputation.Originality/value – A conceptual model is presented illustrating a series of internal and external factors affecting communication and trust, which influence the customer and assist in shaping corporate reputation. The case of the EMNC Chinese corporation Haier to introduce its brand in.
of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth Strain localization driven by thermal decomposition during seismic shear

Field and laboratory observations show that shear deformation is often extremely localized at seismic slip rates, with a typical deforming zone width on the order of a few tens of microns. This extreme localization can be understood in terms of thermally driven weakening mechanisms. A zone of initially high strain rate will experience more shear heating and thus weaken faster, making it more likely to accommodate subsequent deformation. Fault zones often contain thermally unstable minerals such as clays or carbonates, which devolatilize at the high temperatures attained during seismic slip. In this paper, we investigate how these thermal decomposition reactions drive strain localization when coupled to a model for thermal pressurization of in situ groundwater. Building on Rice et al. (2014), we use a linear stability analysis to predict a localized zone thickness that depends on a combination of hydraulic, frictional, and thermochemical properties of the deforming fault rock. Numerical simulations show that the onset of thermal decomposition drives additional strain localization when compared with thermal pressurization alone and predict localized zone thicknesses of ∼7 and ∼13 μm for lizardite and calcite, respectively. Finally we show how thermal diffusion and the endothermic reaction combine to limit the peak temperature of the fault and that the pore fluid released by the reaction provides additional weakening of ∼20–40% of the initial strength.
Employee’s Job Performance: The Effect of Attitude toward Works, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job and job experiences. The happier the individual, the higher is level of job satisfaction. It is assumed that positive attitude towards work and greater organizational commit­ment increases job satisfaction which in return enhances performance of the individual. Based on this phenomenon, this study is aimed to explain and empirically test the effect of attitude toward work, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment to the employee’s job performance at PT. Intech Anugrah Indonesia (PT. Intech). Data used in this study was primary data which were collected through closed questionnaires with 1-5 Likert scale. A sample of this study was 200 managerial and non-managerial staff of PT. Intech. Research carried out by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which was run by AMOS 20.0 program. The results of this study showed that attitude towards work have positive but not significant effect to job satis­faction and employee performance. Different with attitude towards work, the organization's commitment has positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance at PT. Intech. It means every improvement in organization’s commitment has a positive effect toward job satisfaction and employee performance at PT. Intech.
Statistical modeling of the effect of rainfall flushing on dengue transmission in Singapore

Background Rainfall patterns are one of the main drivers of dengue transmission as mosquitoes require standing water to reproduce. However, excess rainfall can be disruptive to the Aedes reproductive cycle by “flushing out” aquatic stages from breeding sites. We developed models to predict the occurrence of such “flushing” events from rainfall data and to evaluate the effect of flushing on dengue outbreak risk in Singapore between 2000 and 2016. Methods We used machine learning and regression models to predict days with “flushing” in the dataset based on entomological and corresponding rainfall observations collected in Singapore. We used a distributed lag nonlinear logistic regression model to estimate the association between the number of flushing events per week and the risk of a dengue outbreak. Results Days with flushing were identified through the developed logistic regression model based on entomological data (test set accuracy = 92%). Predictions were based upon the aggregate number of thresholds indicating unusually rainy conditions over multiple weeks. We observed a statistically significant reduction in dengue outbreak risk one to six weeks after flushing events occurred. For weeks with five or more flushing events, compared with weeks with no flushing events, the risk of a dengue outbreak in the subsequent weeks was reduced by 16% to 70%. Conclusions We have developed a high accuracy predictive model associating temporal rainfall patterns with flushing conditions. Using predicted flushing events, we have demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in dengue outbreak risk following flushing, with the time lag well aligned with time of mosquito development from larvae and infection transmission. Vector control programs should consider the effects of hydrological conditions in endemic areas on dengue transmission.
Economic efficiency of wheat and faba bean production for small scale farmers in Northern State-Sudan.

The objective of this paperwas to estimate theefficiencyof wheat and faba bean production forsmall-scale farmersin NorthernState-Sudanusing the stochastic frontier production and cost functions . A sample of 120 farmers from Dongola locality in the north and Ed -abba locality in the south of the state in 2004/05 winter season was selected usinga randomizedmulti-stagestratifiedsampling technique . Stochastic frontier production and cost functions were used to estimate the economic efficiency of farmers . The results showed that the mean technical efficiencies of wheat were 0.75and 0.66in Dongola and Ed-abba, respectively, w hilefor faba bean they were 0.6 5and0.71,the overall mean allocative efficiencies of wheat in the two localities were 0.72 and 0.68, whereas, theywere 0.86, 0.84for faba bean . The predicated overall mean of economic efficiencies thatestimated as inve rse of their cost efficiencies of wheat were 0.41 and 0.45in the two localities , whilein faba bean production they were 0.57 and 0.62 in Dongola and Ed -abba, respectively. That means farmers who cultivated faba bean were more economically efficient than farmers who cultivated wheat in the two localities and their allocative efficiencies were sources of gain.
Empirical Evidence regarding Regional Political Convergence in the United States

Previous studies of U.S. political polarization have examined state-level convergence and divergence. Increasingly, scholars have turned from state-level analyses to regional analyses and advanced claims as to whether regions are becoming more similar or dissimilar. Yet, formal testing has remained largely absent. Using panel unit root tests, we determine whether regional political convergence is occurring between 1970 and 2004. Our results suggest the importance of distinguishing between ideological convergence and partisan convergence. We find the four regions and eight subregions are stochastically converging to a national norm in regard to ide-ology but not with regard to partisanship. Convergence for partisanship is, however, occurring within three of the regions, but not within the Midwest.
Construction of immune‐related risk signature for renal papillary cell carcinoma

The kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) is a relatively rare type of kidney cancer. There has been no investigation to find a robust signature to predict the survival outcome of KIRP patients in the aspect of tumor immunology. In this study, 285 KIRP samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were randomly divided into training and testing set. A total of 1534 immune‐related genes from The Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) were used as candidates to construct the signature. Using univariate Cox analysis, we evaluated the relationship between overall survival and immune‐related genes expression and found 272 immune‐related genes with predicting prognostic ability. In order to construct an efficient predictive model, the Cox proportional hazards model with an elastic‐net penalty was used and identified 23 groups after 1000 iterations. As a result, 15‐genes model showing more stable than other gene groups was chosen to construct our immune‐related risk signature. In line with our expectations, the signature can independently predict the survival outcome of KIRP patients. Patients with high‐immune risk were found correlated with advanced stage. We also found that the high‐immune risk patients with higher PBRM1 and SETD2 mutations, increasing chromosomal instability, together with the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results showing intensive connection of our signature with immune pathways. In conclusion, our study constructs a robust 15‐gene signature for predicting KIRP patients’ survival outcome on the basis of tumor immune environment and may provide possible relationship between prognosis and immune‐related biological function.
Evidence on immigrants’ assimilation into recipient labour markets using UK longitudinal data between 1981 and 2006

How well do immigrants entering the UK assimilate into recipient labour markets? Using the underexploited, sizeable and long Lifetime Labour Market Database between 1981 and 2006, we investigate the evolution of the immigrant–native earnings gap—a measure of immigrants’ assimilation—across the entire earnings distribution, across cohorts and across nationalities. We are able to control for observable and unobservable individual-specific characteristics as well as for specific characteristics of both time periods and recipient labour markets, defined as small geographical areas, and crucially, for the interaction of the two, in a robust empirical model specification anchored in the human capital theory. We also control for cohort-specific effects and nationality-specific effects. Our results show little evidence of large or persistent earnings disparities across the earnings distribution, across cohorts or across nationalities. These findings are supportive evidence of successful assimilation of immigrants into the UK, suggesting that recipient labour markets primarily reward individuals’ characteristics other than, and regardless of, their immigration status. Nevertheless, some distinctive features emerge. When investigating the evolution of the immigrant–native earnings gap over time, our results illustrate how immigrants from different continents and cohorts have very different assimilation trajectories.
Are IPOs “Overpriced?” Strategic Interactions between the Entrepreneur and the Underwriter

Two major problems are well-known in IPO research as “IPO puzzles. ” First, a first listing price is much higher than the offering price set by the underwriter, which is called “underpricing. ” Second, in the long-run the share price becomes much lower than the offering price, which is called “long-run underperformance. ” A vast body of research explains why these IPO puzzles coexist.Assuming that investors' opinions diverge, we conclude that even the offering price is distorted through strategic interaction between the entrepreneur and the underwriter. Specifically, the offering price is already “overpriced. ” Hence, the share price will drop substantially as information asymmetry between both the entrepreneur and the underwriter and investors is mitigated after the IPO, which delivers long-run underperformance. Our experiment supports these conclusions.
Economic Crises and Inequality

Sustainability for a society means long-term viability, but also the ability to cope with economic crises and disasters. Just as with natural disasters, we can minimize the chance of them occurring and set in place policies to protect the world’s citizens against their consequences. This paper is concerned with the impact of economic crises on the inequality of resources and with the impact of inequality on the probability of economic crises. Is it the poor who bear the brunt? Or are crises followed by a reversal of previous boom in top incomes? Reversing the question, was the 2007 financial crisis the result of prior increases in inequality? Have previous periods of high inequality led to crises? What can we learn from previous crises – such as those in Nordic countries and the Asian financial crisis? How far can public policy moderate the impact of economic crises?