Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation effect, structuring and computer commands

Abstract Computer commands have been created from natural language words for a broad range of naive and occasional users. These command languages have been investigated for their ease-of-use according to different perspectives. The approach developed here concerns the design of commands by the users themselves. A number of methodological problems are highlighted. The experimental simulation that was run supports both evidence of a generation effect and the importance of structuring the commands.
Characterizing the L1 Data Cache's Vulnerability to Transient Errors in Chip-Multiprocessors

With continuous technology scaling, current and next generation microprocessors are becoming more vulnerable to transient errors such as soft errors induced by energetic particle strikes. While mainstream microprocessors are employing multi-/many-core architectures targeting at high-performance parallel computing applications, the transistor/area share of on-chip caches keeps increasing. As cache memories being the major victim of soft errors, it is of paramount importance to characterize on-chip cache's vulnerability in this context for devising potential reliability optimizations, especially under the interaction with cache coherence protocols. In this work, we develop a lifetime model for the private L1 data cache in chip-multiprocessors (CMPs), which is based on the cache activities and the states of cache lines. This lifetime model is then applied to characterize and predict cache's vulnerability trend in CMPs. Our experimental evaluation shows that cache vulnerable phases due to remote accesses increase dramatically as the number of processor cores increases. Based on vulnerable phase analysis, we propose a protocol enhancement to prematurely invalidate cache lines in modified (M) state for minimizing the vulnerability factor due to remote reads to modified cachelines.
Efektivitas media sosial Instagram sebagai media promosi pada produk jilbab Afra

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media sosial instagram sebagai media promosi pada produk Jilbab Afra. Apakah terdapat hubungan korelasi signifikansi antara karakteristik followers dan keterdedahan promosi media sosial terhadap keefektivitasan promosi Jilbab Afra melalui instagram. Alasan penelitian ini dilakukan karena aktivitas promosi melalui media sosial instagram merupakan kegiatan promosi yang efektif membuat calon konsumen mencapai ketahap tindakan pembelian dan membagikan informasi kepada yang lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner online yang dibagikan kepada followers akun instagram Jilbab Afra untuk mengetahui karakteristik followers, keterdedahan media sosial instagram dan keefektivitasan promosi Jilbab Afra melalui media sosial instagram. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah followers akun instagram Jilbab Afra dan sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 55 Orang. Sampel yang diambil menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan teknik accidental sampling. Kuesioner diuji validitas dan realibilitasnya sebelum dilakukan pengumpulan data penelitian. Sebelum dilakukan analisis, data dikomulasikan dengan metode interval dan kemudian diteliti korelasi signifikansinya dengan efektivitas promosi menggunakan Chi Square untuk data nominal dan Rank Spearman untuk data ordinal rating scale. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, Karakterisik followers akun @jilbabafra rata-rata adalah wanita, berumur sekitar 21-24 dan lulusan SMA atau masih kuliah yang berpendapatan menengah. Keterdedahan dari promosi melalui media sosial akun @jilbabafra berkategori baik. Kedua, Media sosial instagram ini efektif dalam kegiatan promosi produk Jilbab Afra. Ketiga, Karakteristik followers tidak berhubungan korelasi terhadap efektivitas promosi. Keterdedahan media sosial mempunyai korelasi signifikansi yang positif terhadap efektivitas promosi produk Jilbab Afra.
Automated performance attack discovery in distributed system implementations

Lee, Hyojeong Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2014. Automated Performance Attack Discovery in Distributed System Implementations. Major Professors: Charles E. Killian and Cristina Nita-Rotaru. Security and performance are critical goals for distributed systems. The increased complexity in design, incomplete expertise of developers, and limited functionality of existing testing tools often result in implementations with vulnerabilities and make the debugging process difficult and costly. The deployed vulnerabilities are often exploited by adversaries preventing the system from achieving its design goals. We refer to attacks that slow down the performance of a system as performance attacks. In the past, finding performance attacks has been a painstaking manual process that involved an expert of the target implementation. Given the cost associated with each vulnerability that occurs in the production, there is a need for tools to automatically check that the implementation of a protocol achieves its performance goals with respect to malicious components in the system. In this dissertation, we find performance attacks automatically from implementations of distributed systems. We do not try to show that an implementation is free from all attacks. Our goal is to find attacks and report them to the user in a timely manner. We first investigate how to find attacks automatically from implementations under a simulated environment. A simulated approach, however, has a fundamental limitation in terms of applicable target systems, as certain assumptions are made about languages, operating systems or libraries used. Therefore, we next investigate challenges and requirements to automatically find attacks in implementations of distributed systems under an emulated environment where no limiting assumptions are made.
Developing reading fluency with computer-assisted reading practice

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an instructional design implemented by computers on the development of reading fluency in second graders. The development of fluency is an essential stage in learning to read. National Association of Educational Progress found that 44% of 4th graders were not fluent on grade level material. This is a serious problem because failure to develop fluency can hamper reading comprehension and further development in reading. The study took place in an inner city public elementary school over a five month period with 65 second graders. The instructional design implemented by computers included three major components. First, the children were given electronic copies of leveled books on their instructional level for reading practice. The children could choose to have selected words or the entire text pronounced by the computer. Finally, the computer monitored their progress with a modified cloze activity. The computer-assisted reading practice was compared with traditional independent reading practice. The independent reading practice used print copies of similar leveled books but was not monitored. A counterbalanced design was used in which each student took part in both computer-assisted and independent reading practice. The overall results indicate that the students made significantly more progress during the computer-assisted intervention (p < 0.001). The effect size for four separate measures, a fluency measure, QRI Comprehension, MAT-8 and QRI Word Recognition, were 1.24, 0.44, 0.44, and 0.27 respectively. The 33 students that had the computer-assisted phase in the first ten weeks continued to make progress in the second ten week phase in three of the four measures. All ability groups made more progress in fluency during the computer-assisted intervention. The highest ability group made the least amount of overall progress and the lowest ability group made the most progress. This study indicates that an instructional design implemented by computers is effective in developing fluency.
Netlife: Internet Citizens and Their Communities

The central questions around which this book revolves are whether or not communication through technology constitutes so-called real interaction and whether the establishment of real community is possible solely through electronic technology. Here real is defined as meaningful to the participants, as meaningful as face-to face interaction, and the special case under consideration is communication through the computer Matrix. At present there is not one system, technical or cultural, which can accurately be called the internet. A more accurate statement is that there are multiple systems and purposes within the rubric of internetworking. The book examines IRC, Usenet, and Fidonet.
On queueing with customer impatience until the end of service

We study queueing systems where customers have strict deadlines until the end of their service. An analytic method is given for the analysis of a class of such queues, namely, M(n)/M/1+G models with ordered service. These are single-server queues with state-dependent Poisson arrival process, exponential service times, FCFS service discipline, and general customer impatience. We derive a closed-form solution for the conditional probability density function of the offered sojourn time, given the number of customers in the system. This is a novel result that has not been known before. Using this result, we show how the probability measure induced by the offered sojourn time is computed and consequently how performance measures such as the probability of missing deadline and the probability of blocking are obtained. This is further illustrated through a numerical example.
Real and Abstract Analysis: A Modern Treatment of the Theory of Functions of a Real Variable

This book is first of all designed as a text for the course usually called "theory of functions of a real variable. " This course is at present cus tomarily offered as a first or second year graduate course in United States universities, although there are signs that this sort of analysis will soon penetrate upper division undergraduate curricula. We have included every topic that we think essential for the training of analysts, and we have also gone down a number of interesting bypaths. We hope too that the book will be useful as a reference for mature mathematicians and other scientific workers. Hence we have presented very general and complete versions of a number of important theorems and constructions. Since these sophisticated versions may be difficult for the beginner, we have given elementary avatars of all important theorems, with appro priate suggestions for skipping. We have given complete definitions, ex planations, and proofs throughout, so that the book should be usable for individual study as well as for a course text. Prerequisites for reading the book are the following. The reader is assumed to know elementary analysis as the subject is set forth, for example, in TOM M. ApOSTOL'S Mathematical Analysis [Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, Mass. , 1957], or WALTER RUDIN'S Principles of Mathe nd matical Analysis [2 Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1964]. "
Improving processes using static analysis techniques

Real-world processes often undergo improvements to meet certain goals, such as coping with changed requirements, eliminating defects, improving the quality of the products, and reducing costs. Identifying and evaluating the defects or errors in the process, identifying the causes of such defects, and validating proposed improvements all require careful analysis of the process. Human-intensive processes, where human contributions require considerable domain expertise and have a significant impact on the success or failure of the overall mission, are of particular concern because they can be extremely complex and may be used in critical, including life-critical, situations. To date, the analysis support for such processes is very limited. If done at all, it is usually performed manually and can be extremely time-consuming, costly and error-prone. There has been considerable success lately in using static analysis techniques to analyze hardware systems, software systems, and manufacturing processes. This thesis explores how such analysis techniques can be automated and employed to effectively analyze life-critical, human-intensive processes. In this thesis, we investigated two static analysis techniques: Finite-State Verification (FSV) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). We proposed a process analysis framework that is capable of performing both FSV and FTA on rigorously defined processes. Although evaluated for processes specified in the Little-JIL process definition language, this is a general framework independent of the process definition language. For FSV, we developed a translation-based approach that is able to take advantage of existing FSV tools. The process definition and property to be evaluated are translated into the input model and property representation accepted by the selected FSV tool. Then the FSV tool is executed to verify the model against the property representation. For FTA, we developed a template-based approach to automatically derive fault trees from the process definition. In addition to showing the feasibility of applying these two techniques to processes, much effort has been put on improving the scalability and the usability of the framework so that it can be easily used to analyze complex real-world processes. To scale the analysis, we investigated several optimizations that are able to dramatically reduce the translated models for FSV tools and speed up the verification. We also developed several optimizations for the fault tree derivation to make the generated fault tree much more compact and easier to understand and analyze. To improve the usability, we provided several approaches that make analysis results easier to understand. We evaluated this framework based on the Little-JIL process definition language and employed it to analyze two real-world, human-intensive processes: an in-patient blood transfusion process and a chemotherapy process. The results show that the framework can be used effectively to detect defects in such real-world, human-intensive processes.
Stability and accuracy of GPS P3 TAI time links

In April 2002, a pilot experiment was initiated by the BIPM in order to study the use of GPS P3 code measurements obtained with geodetic type dual frequency receivers to compute time links. For several time links, independent computations using two or three different techniques may be carried out and compared to assess the stability of each technique. This paper presents several such comparisons that show that the stability of GPS P3 is below 1 ns (one standard deviation) for averaging times between a few hours and several months. After more than one year of operation, such time links were introduced into TAI computation starting June 2003.
A generic framework for Arabic to English machine translation of simplex sentences using the Role an

The aim of this research is to develop a rule-based lexical framework for Arabic language processing using the Role and Reference Grammar linguistic model. A system, called UniArab is introduced to support the framework. The UniArab system for Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), which takes MSA Arabic as input in the native orthography, parses the sentence(s) into a logical meta-representation, and using this, generates a grammatically correct English output with full agreement and morphological resolution. UniArab utilizes an XML-based implementation of elements of the Role and Reference Grammar theory, and its representations for the universal logical structure of Arabic sentences. Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) is a functional theory of grammar that posits a direct mapping between the semantic representation of a sentence and its syntactic representation. The theory allows a sentence in a specific language to be described in terms of its logical structure and grammatical procedures. RRG creates a linking relationship between syntax and semantics, and can account for how semantic representations are mapped into syntactic representations. We claim that RRG is highly suitable for machine translation of Arabic via an Interlingua bridge implementation model. RRG is a mono strata–theory, positing only one level of syntactic representation, the actual form of the
Improving Code Review by Predicting Reviewers and Acceptance of Patches

Code reviews are an important part of software development because they help to increase code quality and reliability. For this paper, we observed the review processes of two open-source projects, Firefox and Mozilla Core. We noticed that code reviews are mostly organized manually. In particular, finding appropriate reviewers is a complex and time-consuming task and, surprisingly, impacts the review outcome: review requests without an initial reviewer assignment have lower chances to be accepted (and take longer). Based on our observations we propose two improvements: (1) predict whether a given patch is acceptable and (2) suggest reviewers for a patch. We implemented and tested both approaches for the Firefox and Mozilla Core projects. In our experiments, the prediction accuracy was 73% for the the review outcome and 51‐80% for the reviewer recommendation. The values for accuracy are higher than those of comparable approaches and are high enough to be useful and applicable in practice.
국어통어론 = Korean syntax

of anaphoric expressions, resulted from sustained contact with neighbor­ ing Sino-Tibetan languages. The authors analyze case stacking through the derivational mechanics of GR-changing and assumptions about the spell-out of case-markers, where either a lexical or grammati­ cal case or both can be realized in languages like Korean. It is the last option that yields case stacking.
Video analysis for augmented cataract surgery

L’ere numerique change de plus en plus le monde en raison de la quantite de donnees recoltees chaque jour. Le domaine medical est fortement affecte par cette explosion, car l’exploitation de ces donnees est un veritable atout pour l’aide a la pratique medicale. Dans cette these, nous proposons d’utiliser les videos chirurgicales dans le but de creer un systeme de chirurgie assistee par ordinateur. Nous nous interessons principalement a reconnaitre les gestes chirurgicaux a chaque instant afin de fournir aux chirurgiens des recommandations et des informations pertinentes. Pour ce faire, l’objectif principal de cette these est de reconnaitre les outils chirurgicaux dans les videos de chirurgie de la cataracte. Dans le flux video du microscope, ces outils sont partiellement visibles et certains se ressemblent beaucoup. Pour relever ces defis, nous proposons d'ajouter une camera supplementaire filmant la table operatoire. Notre objectif est donc de detecter la presence des outils dans les deux types de flux video : les videos du microscope et les videos de la table operatoire. Le premier enregistre l'oeil du patient et le second enregistre les activites de la table operatoire. Deux tâches sont proposees pour detecter les outils dans les videos de la table : la detection des changements et la detection de presence d'outil. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un systeme similaire pour ces deux tâches. Il est base sur l’extraction des caracteristiques visuelles avec des methodes de classification classique. Il fournit des resultats satisfaisants pour la detection de changement, cependant, il fonctionne insuffisamment bien pour la tâche de detection de presence des outils sur la table. Dans un second temps, afin de resoudre le probleme du choix des caracteristiques, nous utilisons des architectures d’apprentissage profond pour la detection d'outils chirurgicaux sur les deux types de video. Pour surmonter les defis rencontres dans les videos de la table, nous proposons de generer des videos artificielles imitant la scene de la table operatoire et d’utiliser un reseau de neurones a convolutions (CNN) a base de patch. Enfin, nous exploitons l'information temporelle en utilisant un reseau de neurones recurrent analysant les resultats de CNNs. Contrairement a notre hypothese, les experimentations montrent des resultats insuffisants pour la detection de presence des outils sur la table, mais de tres bons resultats dans les videos du microscope. Nous obtenons des resultats encore meilleurs dans les videos du microscope apres avoir fusionne l’information issue de la detection des changements sur la table et la presence des outils dans l’oeil.
iPads in the Classroom – New Technologies, Old Issues: Are they worth the effort?

This paper presents the results of a research project that involved introducing iPads into two elementary school classrooms to support the development of student digital storytelling skills. This was done because the school jurisdiction wanted to implement technology into grade six classrooms and provide useful support to the teachers and students. This project resulted in many positive learning experiences with the technology, with storytelling and across other components of the curriculum and the community. There are a number of implications of this research, including examining the constructionist theories underpinning the learning behind the creation of educational artifacts. In practice, there are many management issues regarding implementing new technology in classrooms as well as the pedagogical implications of giving students access to technology that can allow them to create their own understandings in classrooms.
Non-fragile PID controller design

Recent results obtained by Keel et al. (1997) have provided a complete characterization of all stabilizing PID controllers for a given plant. This characterization has an elegant property: for a given fixed proportional gain, the set of all stabilizing integral and derivative gain values is the intersection of the admissible solutions of sets of linear inequalities. Based on this characterization, the design of non-fragile PID settings for enhancing the robustness of the closed-loop systems to perturbations in the controller coefficients is addressed.