Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Phenotypic and CARD15 Mutational Analysis Among African American, Hispanic, and White Children with Crohn's Disease

Background: Despite a large body of literature on the subject of Crohn's disease (CD), very little information is available on racial/ethnic differences related to disease presentation, clinical course, and genetics. The first identified CD susceptibility gene, CARD15, seems to be present in up to 40% of white children with CD. However, the frequency of this gene among patients with CD of other racial/ethnic groups in the United States is not known. Methods: We conducted a multicenter study on African American and Hispanic children with CD to describe the phenotypic and genotypic (CARD15) features in comparison with white children with CD. We also analyzed the frequency of CARD15 mutations in large control samples from white, African American, and Hispanic children. Results: The disease location and behavior were similar among all 3 groups, with inflammatory behavior and the ileocolonic location being the most frequent phenotype. However, significantly lower frequencies of CARD15 mutations were seen in African American (P < 0.0001) and Hispanic (P < 0.0001) children with CD compared with white children with CD. This lower CARD15 frequency among African American patients with CD was also mirrored in the general population. Conclusions: Phenotypic features of CD are similar among African American and Hispanic children compared with white children. CARD15 mutations are not increased among African American and Hispanic children with CD. CARD15 mutational frequencies among African American and Hispanic children within the general population are lower compared with white children within the general population. Future genetics studies will be required to determine the relationships between genotype and CD phenotype in various ethnic and racial groups.
The deactivation pathways of the excited-states of the mycosporine-like amino acids shinorine and porphyra-334 in aqueous solution

In vitro studies on the structurally related mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) porphyra-334 and shinorine in aqueous solutions were carried out aiming at their full photochemical and photophysical characterization and expanding the evidence on the assigned UV-photoprotective role of the molecules in vivo . The experiments on shinorine confirmed a high photostability and a poor fluorescence quantum yield, in concordance with previous results on porphyra-334. The estimation of triplet production quantum yields for both MAAs was achieved by laser-flash photolysis measurements. In particular, photosensitization experiments on porphyra-334 support the participation of the triplet state in the photodecomposition mechanism yielding a more precise value of Φ _T. As well, photoacoustic calorimetry experiments allowed the first direct quantification of the nonradiative relaxation pathways of the excited MAAs in solution, corroborating that the vast majority ( ca. 97%) of the absorbed energy is promptly delivered to the surroundings as heat, consistently with the low photodecomposition and emission yields observed.
Meaningful Use and the Patient Portal

Many physicians are adopting patient portals in response to governmental incentives for meaningful use (MU), but the stage 2 requirements for portal use may be particularly challenging for newer electronic health record (EHR) users. This study examined enrollment, use based on MU requirements, and satisfaction in a recently adopting fee-for-service multispecialty system. Between 2010 and 2012, overall portal enrollment increased from 13.2% to 23.1% but varied substantially by physician specialty. In 2013, more than 97% of physicians would have met requirements for a stage 2 MU utilization measure requiring that patients download personal health information, but only 38% of all physicians (87% of primary care physicians [PCPs] and 37% of other specialists) would have met e-mail requirements. Satisfaction with the portal overall and with portal-based e-mails was high. These results suggest that later-adopting PCPs can succeed in providing satisfactory record and e-mail access but specialists may find reaching e-mail thresholds more difficult.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the benzylisoquinolinium muscle relaxants

The benzylisoquinolinium class of drugs comprises atracurium, 51W89, doxacurium, and mivacurium. Atracurium can be used as a pharmacokinetic benchmark; it has at least two distinct metabolic pathways, of which Hofmann elimination and ester hydrolysis are the most significant. The relative importance of each of these two routes is still a matter of speculation, and this, coupled with the fact that atracurium is a mixture of 10 isomers, has led to the development of many innovative pharmacokinetic modelling concepts. 51W89 is a cis‐cis‐isomer of atracurium and probably has a pharmacokinetic profile very similar to that of atracurium. Doxacurium, a long‐acting benzylisoquinolinium, has a small apparent volume of distribution and an elimination half‐time similar to that of pancuronium, and is excreted by the kidneys. Mivacurium is a short‐acting benzylisoquinolinium that is rapidly hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases. Two isomers of mivacurium are very similar, whereas the third isomer differs greatly in both pharmacological activity and elimination half‐time, so that analysis requires complex pharmacokinetic methods.
Design and measurements of test element group wafer thinned to 10 /spl mu/m for 3D system in package

We designed and measured test element group wafers thinned to 10 /spl mu/m for 3D system in package. The n-well p-Si diodes in 10 /spl mu/m thick wafer showed increasing of the reverse saturation current in comparison to the currents in 20 /spl mu/m, 30 /spl mu/m or 640 /spl mu/m thick wafer. While the pMOSFETs and nMOSFETs in 10 /spl mu/m thick wafer showed no degradation of mobility, sub-threshold swing and threshold voltage. Defects might be induced by mechanical stress during wafer back grinding process near wafer back side, within a few micron-meters from the wafer back surface.
Design and Development of a Smart Control Strategy for Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles Including Vehicle-to-Home Functionality

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are seen to be a step forward in transportation electrification, to replace internal combustion engine (ICE)-based conventional vehicles. However, to consider the vehicle-to-home (V2H) and home-tovehicle (H2V) capabilities, new energy control strategy has to be developed to avoid new peaks consumption. This paper presents a novel controller based on fuzzy logic, which integrates an objective state-of-charge (SoC) for V2H application. The V2H capability is used when the PHEV is connected to the home to help the grid to meet the household loads during peak period. The SoC objective is the minimum SoC that the PHEV has to have when the driver connects the PHEV to the home. The proposed controller is applied on fourth different scenario.
Muscle time under tension during resistance exercise stimulates differential muscle protein sub‐fractional synthetic responses in men

Non‐technical summary A single bout of resistance exercise stimulates the synthesis of new muscle proteins. Chronic performance of resistance exercise (i.e. weight training) is what makes your muscles grow bigger; a process known as hypertrophy. However, it is unknown if increasing the time that muscle is under tension will lead to greater increases in muscle protein synthesis. We report that leg extension exercise at 30% of the best effort (which is a load that is comparatively light), with a slow lifting movement (6 s up and 6 s down) performed to fatigue produces greater increases in rates of muscle protein synthesis than the same movement performed rapidly (1 s up and 1 s down). These results suggest that the time the muscle is under tension during exercise may be important in optimizing muscle growth; this understanding enables us to better prescribe exercise to those wishing to build bigger muscles and/or to prevent muscle loss that occurs with ageing or disease.
Nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture

Background The best treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture is unknown. Patients and methods We assessed the outcome of nonoperative treatment in 196 consecutive individuals with an acute total Achilles tendon rupture who were followed until healing. The mean duration of treatment in cast or orthosis was 8 weeks. After 4 years, a questionnaire was sent to all patients who were still alive (182) to supplement and confirm the retrospective data. The questionnaire was completed by 176/182 patients (97%). Results The re-rupture frequency was 7% (n = 14). 7 patients suffered other complications (7 deep venous thrombosis and 1 pulmonary embolism). At follow-up, 62% of the patients reported full recovery. Interpretation The low re-rupture rate after nonoperative treatment challenges the claim in recent studies that acute rupture of the Achilles tendon should be operated.
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AND HIGH-DOSE INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE TO TREAT EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: 1-Year Outcome

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (PDT) and high-dose intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide to treat choroidal new vessels (CNVs) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In this prospective, consecutive, comparative, nonrandomized, interventional case series, 30 consecutive eyes of 30 patients with subfoveal CNVs associated with AMD were treated with PDT followed by the intravitreal injection of 19.4 ± 2.1 mg /0.1 mL triamcinolone 5 days later. Fifteen eyes had received no previous treatment (group 1), and 15 had been treated previously with PDT alone (group 2). A group of 15 eyes of 15 patients treated with PDT alone, matched for age and CNV composition and size, served as controls. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logMAR), the number of Snellen lines improved or lost, and the number of PDT sessions were considered as primary outcome indicators. Results: Group 1 improved an average of 0.7 ± 3.7 Snellen lines (range, −5 to 10) (P = 0.62), group 2 lost an average of −0.7 ± 1.5 Snellen lines (range, −5 to 1) (P = 0.08), and the control group lost an average of −2.2 ± 0.4 Snellen lines (range, -9 to 4) (P = 0.06; Wilcoxon signed rank test). The average number of PDT treatments during the 12-month follow-up was 1.6, 1.2, and 2.8 for group 1, group 2, and the control group, respectively. Intraocular pressure rose in 8 (57%) of 14 eyes in group 1 and in 7 (50%) of 14 eyes in group 2. Cataracts developed in 4 eyes (31%) in group 1 and in 4 eyes (33%) in group 2. Conclusion: Combined PDT/intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for AMD-associated CNVs was associated with improved final BCVA and reduced the need for retreatment compared with historical controls.
Calnexin, Calreticulin, and ERp57 Cooperate in Disulfide Bond Formation in Human CD1d Heavy Chain*

Members of the CD1 family of membrane glycoproteins can present antigenic lipids to T lymphocytes. Like major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, they form a heterodimeric complex of a heavy chain and β2-microglobulin (β2m) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Binding of lipid antigens, however, takes place in endosomal compartments, similar to class II molecules, and on the plasma membrane. Unlike major histocompatibility complex class I or CD1b molecules, which need β2m to exit the ER, CD1d can be expressed on the cell surface as either a free heavy chain or associated with β2m. These differences led us to investigate early events of CD1d biosynthesis and maturation and the role of ER chaperones in its assembly. Here we show that CD1d associates in the ER with both calnexin and calreticulin and with the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57 in a manner dependent on glucose trimming of its N-linked glycans. Complete disulfide bond formation in the CD1d heavy chain was substantially impaired if the chaperone interactions were blocked by the glucosidase inhibitors castanospermine or N-butyldeoxynojirimycin. The formation of at least one of the disulfide bonds in the CD1d heavy chain is coupled to its glucose trimming-dependent association with ERp57, calnexin, and calreticulin.
[Clinical Efficacy Comparison of Ultralow Dose of Decitabine and Cyclosporine on Low-risk and Intermediate-risk Type 1 of Myelodysplastic Syndrome].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine and cyclosporine for treatment of low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. METHODS The clinical data of 27 cases of low risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS during the past 3 years in Tongji hospital were analyzed retrospectively. These MDS patients were divided into 2 groups: decitabine group (11 cases) and cyclosporine group (16 cases). The MDS patients in the 2 groups were treated with ultra low dose of decitabine and cyclosporine A; the curetive efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. RESULTS In the 11 patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS treated with 2 courses of ultra-low-dose decitabine, 4 cases (36.4%) achieved a hematological improvement, 7 cases (63.6%) showed ineffective, including non-remission in 6 cases (54.5 %) and death in 1 patient (9.1%), total effective rate were 36.4%; 3 cases died within the first year and the overall survival (OS) rate was 72.7%. The causes of death mainly were severe myelosuppression and the associated infection and bleeding. In the 16 patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS treated with cyclosporine (CsA), 10 cases (62.5%) achieved a hematological improvement, 6 cases (37.5%) showed ineffective, the total efficiency of 62.5%; no patients died within 1 year, the 1-year OS was 100%. Changes in neutrophils, hemoglobin and platelet were not significantly different between the two group. CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of decitabine on low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS has not confirmed to be superior to cyclosporine (P = 0.252). However, the side effects of serious infection and myelosuppression were more severe in decitabine group than that in the cyclosporine group. Moreover, the 1-year overall survival rate in decitabine group is much lower than that in the cyclosporine group (P = 0.027). In regard to the small number of cases and short follow-up time in our this study, the more patients and longer follow-up time are needed to study.
Does exercise induce hypoalgesia through conditioned pain modulation?

Pain sensitivity decreases with exercise. The mechanisms that underlie this exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) are unclear. Our purpose was to investigate conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a potential mechanism of EIH. Sixteen women completed pain testing during three sessions: painful exercise, nonpainful exercise, and quiet rest. Intensity and unpleasantness ratings to noxious heat stimuli were assessed at baseline and during and following each session. Results showed that pain sensitivity decreased significantly during both exercise sessions (p < .05), but not during quiet rest. Effect size calculations showed that the size of the hypoalgesic response was greater following painful exercise than nonpainful exercise. Our results suggest that exercise-induced muscle pain may contribute to the magnitude of EIH. However, as pain sensitivity also decreased following nonpainful exercise, CPM is not likely the primary mechanism of EIH.
The Nexus between Schooling and Growth: International Evidence since 1870

The growth effects of schooling are often assumed to be exaggerated because of feedback effects from growth to schooling. This paper investigates the nexus between productivity growth and schooling at different levels using a sample of 19 OECD countries over the period 1870 to 2006. The empirical estimates show 1) that schooling is independent of expected growth and most other variables that are associated with the present value of schooling; 2) a one-way causality from schooling to growth; and 3) that the growth effects of schooling are increased rather than reduced when schooling is instrumented.
The structure and classification of mis\`ere quotients

A \emph{bipartite monoid} is a commutative monoid $\Q$ together with an identified subset $\P \subset \Q$. In this paper we study a class of bipartite monoids, known as \emph{mis\`ere quotients}, that are naturally associated to impartial combinatorial games. We introduce a structure theory for mis\`ere quotients with $|\P| = 2$, and give a complete classification of all such quotients up to isomorphism. One consequence is that if $|\P| = 2$ and $\Q$ is finite, then $|\Q| = 2^n+2$ or $2^n+4$. We then develop computational techniques for enumerating mis\`ere quotients of small order, and apply them to count the number of non-isomorphic quotients of order at most~18. We also include a manual proof that there is exactly one quotient of order~8.
Effect of Concept Mapping Teaching Method on Critical Thinking Skills of Nursing Students

Introduction: Improving critical thinking is one of the most important objectives in nursing education. This study was performed to investigate the effect of concept mapping on critical thinking skills of the nursing students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done with two groups design, and pre-test post-test method in 2009. 66 5 th semester nursing students were selected through census method and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Control and intervention groups received education using lecture method and concept mapping, respectively, for 8 sessions during 2 months. The statistical analysis was done by software SPSS 15. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square and ANOVA were used. Results: Performing concept mapping led to a significant increase in critical thinking skills scores in all domains except analysis domain (p=0.286) and deductive reasoning domain (p=0.104) in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. In spite of the significant increase in the mean score of critical thinking of the intervention group, comparing the mean difference of pre and post tests in the two groups (p=0.053), only analysis domain showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Using concept mapping in the education of nursing students may lead to develop critical thinking skills as one of the important duties of higher education.
Genomic RFLP typing of human platelet alloantigens Zw(PlA), Ko, Bak and Br (HPA‐1, 2, 3, 5)

Summary. The diallelic human platelet alloantigen systems 1–5 have been found to result from single base pair substitutions in the encoding genes of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIIa, Ib, IIb and Ia. This is the basis of DNA methods for determination of platelet alloantigens. In this study, 98 blood donors were typed in the HPA‐1, 2, 3 systems and, for the first time, in the HPA‐5 system. Serologically obtained data (MAIPA and platelet agglutination) were compared with results from analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Discordances were found in the HPA‐2 and 3 systems and can be ascribed to false typing results in both the serological and genomic methods. In the HPA‐1, 2 and 5 systems, all samples were typed correctly with RFLP analysis. Serologically, two donors were falsely typed positive with anti‐HPA‐2b in platelet agglutination and one donor with anti‐HPA‐3a in MAIPA assay. In the HPA‐3 system, another four donors were misinterpreted to be HPA‐3 a negative in RFLP analysis. Possible technical problems in PCR‐RFLP‐typing are discussed and another strategy of HPA‐1 typing using the restriction enzyme Scr FI is evaluated.
Testing biennialism in the butterfly Erebia palarica (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) by mtDNA sequencing

The montane butterfly Erebia palarica has an unconfirmed life‐cycle length. The genus Erebia shows variability in length of diapause depending on latitude and altitude, which may lead to allochronic differentiation. To test for biennialism and possible asynchronous differentiation, we sequenced the most variable fragments of the mitochondrial control region and the cytochrome oxidase I in forty individuals from the same population, from two consecutive years. No differentiation between cohorts could be detected and therefore the idea of a current annual cycle is supported. We conclude that a biennial cycle may never have been important in this population and we further discuss adaptive strategies this species may have used to confront colder climates.
Aortic Augmentation Index in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease

Aortic augmentation index (AIx) is used to investigate arterial stiffness. The authors tested the hypothesis that patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) demonstrate a higher AIx and also evaluated several related factors. In 97 patients with PAD, identified by ankle‐brachial pressure index (ABPI ≤0.9), and 97 controls (ABPI ≥0.91<1.4), AIx (%) was determined using tonometry of the radial artery. There was no significant difference between patients and controls in characteristics of age, sex, height, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and heart rate. AIx was higher in patients with PAD (32±9 vs 28±9; P=.001). In multivariate regression analysis, AIx was independently associated with heart rate (β=−0.40, P=.0005). This study showed that AIx increased in patients with PAD and that heart rate is a determinant of AIx. Further studies are necessary to assess the pathophysiological and clinical importance of AIx in patients with PAD.
Poetic design: an exploration of the parallels between expert poetry composition and innovative design practice

Despite parallels between the structure of poetry composition tasks and design tasks, there appears to be no previous research exploring the consequences of these correspondences for an understanding of skilled behaviour in these two domains. In the present study we interviewed five expert poets about their creative practices and conducted a thematic analysis comparing these practices to key findings concerning the nature of design expertise. Our discussion focuses on three behavioural equivalences that appear to be associated with poetry composition and innovative design: (1) the role of "sources of inspiration" [15] in contextualizing activity and in informing the creation of novel solution ideas; (2) the involvement of "primary generators" [13] in scoping tasks in terms of core objectives; and (3) the fluid and flexible nature of problem and solution representations, as captured by the notion that problem and solution spaces "co-evolve" [14].
Predicting Fault-Prone Software Modules in Telephone Switches

An empirical study was carried out at Ericsson Telecom AB to investigate the relationship between several design metrics and the number of function test failure reports associated with software modules. A tool, ERIMET, was developed to analyze the design documents automatically. Preliminary results from the study of 130 modules showed that: based on fault and design data one can satisfactorily build, before coding has started, a prediction model for identifying the most fault-prone modules. The data analyzed show that 20 percent of the most fault-prone modules account for 60 percent of all faults. The prediction model built in this paper would have identified 20 percent of the modules accounting for 47 percent of all faults. At least four design measures can alternatively be used as predictors with equivalent performance. The size (with respect to the number of lines of code) used in a previous prediction model was not significantly better than these four measures. The Alberg diagram introduced in this paper offers a way of assessing a predictor based on historical data, which is a valuable complement to linear regression when prediction data is ordinal. Applying the method described in this paper makes it possible to use measures at the design phase to predict the most fault-prone modules.