Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response to Comment on “14C Dates from Tel Rehov: Iron-Age Chronology, Pharaohs, and Hebrew Kings”

Stratified radiocarbon dates provide an independent chronological link between archaeological layers and historical data. The invasion by Pharaoh Shoshenq I (Shishak) is a key historical synchronism, approximately 925 B.C.E. , mentioned in both Egyptian inscriptions and the Hebrew Bible. The list of places raided by Shoshenq, mentioned at Karnak (Egypt), includes Rehov (Israel). The site yielded a consistent series of radiocarbon dates from the 12th to 9th century B.C.E. Our results (i) suggest a revised Iron-Age chronology; (ii) date an archaeological stratum to Shoshenq's campaign; (iii) indicate the similarity of "Solomonic" and "Omride" pottery; and (iv) provide correlation with Greece and Cyprus.
Effects of school‐based mindfulness training on emotion processing and well‐being in adolescents: evidence from event‐related potentials

Abstract In a non‐randomized controlled study, we investigated the efficacy of a school‐based mindfulness curriculum delivered by schoolteachers to older secondary school students (16–18 years). We measured changes in emotion processing indexed by P3b event‐related potential (ERP) modulations in an affective oddball task using static human faces. ERPs were recorded to happy and sad face oddballs presented in a stimulus stream of frequent faces with neutral expression, before and after 8 weeks of mindfulness training. Whilst the mean amplitude of the P3b, an ERP component typically elicited by infrequent oddballs, decreased between testing sessions in the control group, it remained unchanged in the training group. Significant increases in self‐reported well‐being and fewer doctor visits for mental health support were also reported in the training group as compared to controls. The observed habituation to emotional stimuli in controls thus contrasted with maintained sensitivity in mindfulness‐trained students. These results suggest that in‐school mindfulness training for adolescents has scope for increasing awareness of socially relevant emotional stimuli, irrespective of valence, and thus may decrease vulnerability to depression.
A class of nonorthogonal rate-one space-time block codes with controlled interference

Complex, rate one, orthogonal block space-time codes (STCs) exist only for two transmit antennas and were proposed by Alamouti (1998). Designing rate-one block STCs for more than two transmit antennas implies giving up orthogonality. For more than two transmit antennas a class of rate one block STCs with a controlled number of interference terms per detected symbol is presented. Conditions that link the matrix formulation of the receive equation to the matrix formulation of a multiuser detection scheme are discussed. The block STCs design problem is closely related to the class of linear real Hadamard codes.
Association of Increased Cardiothoracic Ratio and Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Clinical observation suggested an association between an increased cardiothoracic ratio (CT) and growth retardation (IUGR) in the premature neonate. To investigate this hypothesis, a case-control study was performed. Study subjects included 23 cases (IUGR) and 55 control (appropriate for gestational age [AGA]) premature infants with birthweights 2000 gm or less; Apgar scores greater than 5 at 5 minutes; no congenital heart disease; no polycythemia; no toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, or herpes infection. In random order, the first chest radiograph of each infant (less than 24 hours) was reviewed by a single radiologist, unaware of the infant's growth status. The CT ratio was computed after measuring the widest internal width of the bony thorax and the cardiac diameter. Mean birthweight (+/- 1 SD) of the IUGR infants was 1161 +/- 289 g and of AGA infants was 1401 +/- 401 g (p less than 0.002); the mean gestational ages (+/- 1 SD) were 33.2 +/- 2.8 and 30.8 +/- 2.5 weeks (p less than 0.001). Mean CT for IUGR infants was 0.57 +/- 0.07 (+/- 1 SD) versus AGA infants, 0.51 +/- 0.04 (+/- 1 SD), p less than 0.001. When the infants were stratified by growth status and CT ratio, 11 of 23 IUGR and 1 of 55 AGA infants had an increased CT ratio p less than 0.0001. When birthweight and gestational age were covaried, growth status remained the best predictor of CT, p = 0.005. There is a strong association of increased CT and growth retardation in premature infants with birthweights 2000 gm or less.
Improved outcome in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after bone marrow transplantation from related and unrelated donors: a single‐centre experience of 12 patients

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an autosomal recessive disease with histiocytic and lymphocytic infiltrations in multiple organs. Cure seems possible only by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but matched sibling donors (MSD) are restricted and high mortality rates are associated with BMT from unrelated donors (URD). We report on 12 consecutive HLH patients with an improved outcome following URD transplants. Eight patients received BMT from URD, four from MSD. Five patients had signs of active HLH at the time of BMT. The conditioning regimen consisted of 20 mg/kg busulphan, 60 mg/kg VP‐16 and 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and, in case of URD, 90 mg/kg antithymocyte globulin. The doses of busulphan and VP‐16 were reduced during the programme to 16 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Using a fivefold graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, GVHD was absent or mild in 10, and moderate or severe in two patients undergoing unrelated transplants. One patient with URD experienced graft failure and was retransplanted on day 37. Major toxicities were hepatic veno‐occlusive disease in five, capillary leak syndrome in two, pneumonia in three, sepsis in one, severe mucositis in one and seizures in two patients. All patients are alive without HLH after a median follow‐up of 24.5 months. One patient has chronic GVHD, another patient has severe retardation. Three patients show slight to moderate development delay. These results indicate that in HLH, BMT from matched unrelated donors should be performed. Incomplete resolution of disease activity need not impede a successful outcome.
Calreticulin mutation does not modify the IPSET score for predicting the risk of thrombosis among 1150 patients with essential thrombocythemia.

To the editor: An international prognostic score for the risk of thrombosis (IPSET-thrombosis) in essential thrombocythemia (ET) was developed. [1][1] Risk factors included the following: age >60 years (1 point), cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (1 point), previous thrombosis (2 points), and the
Development of a registration framework to validate MRI with histology for prostate focal therapy.

PURPOSE Focal therapy has been proposed as an alternative method to whole-gland treatment for prostate cancer when aiming to reduce treatment side effects. The authors recently validated a radiobiological model which takes into account tumor location and tumor characteristics including tumor cell density, Gleason score, and hypoxia in order to plan optimal dose distributions for focal therapy. The authors propose that this model can be informed using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and in this study present a registration framework developed to map prostate mpMRI and histology data, where histology will provide the "ground truth" data regarding tumor location and biology. The authors aim to apply this framework to a growing database to develop a prostate biological atlas which will enable MRI based planning for prostate focal therapy treatment. METHODS Six patients scheduled for routine radical prostatectomy were used in this proof-of-concept study. Each patient underwent mpMRI scanning prior to surgery, after which the excised prostate specimen was formalin fixed and mounted in agarose gel in a custom designed sectioning box. T2-weighted MRI of the specimen in the sectioning box was acquired, after which 5 mm sections of the prostate were cut and histology sections were microtomed. A number of image processing and registration steps were used to register histology images with ex vivo MRI and deformable image registration (DIR) was applied to 3D T2w images to align the in vivo and ex vivo MRI data. Dice coefficient metrics and corresponding feature points from two independent annotators were selected in order to assess the DIR accuracy. RESULTS Images from all six patients were registered, providing histology and in vivo MRI in the ex vivo MRI frame of reference for each patient. Results demonstrated that their DIR methodology to register in vivo and ex vivo 3D T2w MRI improved accuracy in comparison with an initial manual alignment for prostates containing features which were readily visible on MRI. The average estimated uncertainty between in vivo MRI and histology was 3.3 mm, which included an average error of 3.1 mm between in vivo and ex vivo MRI after applying DIR. The mean dice coefficient for the prostate contour between in vivo and ex vivo MRI increased from 0.83 before DIR to 0.93 after DIR. CONCLUSIONS The authors have developed a registration framework for mapping in vivo MRI data of the prostate with histology by implementing a number of processing steps and ex vivo MRI of the prostate specimen. Validation of DIR was challenging, particularly in prostates with few or mostly linear rather than spherical shaped features. Refinement of their MR imaging protocols to improve the data quality is currently underway which may improve registration accuracy. Additional mpMRI sequences will be registered within this framework to quantify prostate tumor location and biology.
GTP up‐regulated persistent Na+ current and enhanced nociceptor excitability require NaV1.9

Persistent tetrodotoxin‐resistant (TTX‐r) sodium currents up‐regulated by intracellular GTP have been invoked as the site of action of peripheral inflammatory mediators that lower pain thresholds, and ascribed to the NaV1.9 sodium channel. Here we describe the properties of a global knock‐out of NaV1.9 produced by replacing exons 4 and 5 in SCN11A with a neomycin resistance cassette, deleting the domain 1 voltage sensor and introducing a frameshift mutation. Recordings from small (< 25 μm apparent diameter) sensory neurones indicated that channel loss eliminates a TTX‐r persistent current. Intracellular dialysis of GTP‐γ‐S did not cause an up‐regulation of persistent Na+ current in NaV1.9‐null neurones and the concomitant negative shift in voltage‐threshold seen in wild‐type and heterozygous neurones. Heterologous hNaV1.9 expression in NaV1.9 knock‐out sensory neurones confirms that the human clone can restore the persistent Na+ current. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that NaV1.9 underlies the G‐protein pathway‐regulated TTX‐r persistent Na+ current in small diameter sensory neurones that may drive spontaneous discharge in nociceptive nerve fibres during inflammation.
Feed intake, feed efficiency,

The aim of the present study was to investigate feed intake, feed efficiency and gain in feedlot Lori-Bakhtiari lambs and their relationship with post-weaning Kleiber ratio. Data recording was performed on 92 male lambs from Lori-Bakhtiari sheep breeding station. The lambs were weaned at 90 ± 5 days of age. After weaning, lambs remained in drylot until end of finishing at six months of age. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis system software. Average and standard deviation feedlot traits were 50.76  5.33, 1.71  0.14, 8.81  2.60 and 10.77  2.15 for final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and Kleiber ratio in feedlot period (KR). The correlations among FBW and DFI, KR, feed efficiency (FE), gain in feedlot (GF) were high and positive and ranged from 0.54 to 0.81. The correlation between Kleiber ratio and daily feed intake was 0.47  0.03. Feed efficiency and gain in feedlot had strong positive correlations with Kleiber ratio (0.95 and 0.81). Feed conversion ratio and Kleiber ratio had a strong negative correlation (-0.88). In concluded, increasing Kleiber ratio in post weaning can be lead to improve the feed efficiency and gain.
Blunt versus sharp suture needles for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents in surgical staff.

BACKGROUND Surgeons and their assistants are especially at risk of exposure to blood due to glove perforations and needle stick injuries during operations. The use of blunt needles can reduce this risk because they don't penetrate skin easily but still perform sufficiently in other tissues. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of blunt needles compared to sharp needles for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents among surgical staff. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (until May 2011), CENTRAL, NHSEED, Science Citation Index Expanded, CINAHL, Nioshtic, CISdoc, PsycINFO, and LILACS (until September 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of blunt versus sharp suture needles for preventing needle stick injuries among surgical staff measured as glove perforations or self-reported needle stick injuries. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias in trials and extracted data. We synthesized study results with a fixed-effect model meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS We located 10 RCTs involving 2961 participating surgeons performing an operation in which the use of blunt needles was compared to the use of sharp needles. Four studies focused on abdominal closure, two on caesarean section, two on vaginal repair and two on hip replacement. On average, a surgeon that used sharp needles sustained one glove perforation in three operations. The use of blunt needles reduced the risk of glove perforations with a relative risk (RR) of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.54) compared to sharp needles. The use of blunt needles will thus prevent one glove perforation in every six operations.In four studies, the use of blunt needles reduced the number of self-reported needle stick injuries with a RR of 0.31 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.68). Because the force needed for the blunt needles is higher, their use was rated as more difficult but still acceptable in five out of six studies.The quality of the evidence was rated as high. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is high quality evidence that the use of blunt needles appreciably reduces the risk of exposure to blood and bodily fluids for surgeons and their assistants over a range of operations. It is unlikely that future research will change this conclusion.
The effects of metal ions and caffeine on electro-mechanical coupling in crayfish muscle fibers.

1. The effects of divalent metal ions on electro-mechanical coupling were examined in crayfish muscle fibers, using the voltage clamp method. Metal ions were added by substitution for Na. The relation between tension and membrane potential was directly figured by leading tension and potential to the Y and X axes of the oscilloscope and by depolarizing the membrane very slowly with the linearly rising pulse.2. Replacement of NaCl with equimolar choline chloride shifted the tension-membrane potential relation toward a more negative potential.3. Divalent metal ions elevated the mechanical threshold potential and decreased the tension at the given membrane potential. They not only shifted the curve relating tension and membrane potential along the potential axis but also decreased the slope of the curve. The order of the inhibitory action was Cd>Co≥Mn>Ni>Ca≥Mg>Sr>Ba. Their inhibitory effects appeared fairly rapidly after addition of metal ions and disappeared, fully reversibly, after their removal.4. The time courses of tension rise after the start of depolarization and its fall after the end of depolarization were explained as the sum of two or three exponential components. The time constants were not changed by metal ions.5. Caffeine lowered the mechanical threshold potential and shifted the tension-membrane potential relation toward a more negative potential.6. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of metal ions on tension results from their stabilizing action on the Ca-permeability of the internal membrane system.
all four products of a single meiosis erecta meiosis and meiotic recombination by resequencing Landsberg genome-wide variations before and after Arabidopsis Analysis of Material

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2011/11/21/gr.127522. 111.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/22/3/508.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 71 articles, 32 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Open Access option. Genome Research Freely available online through the service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the
EFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC REVERSE OSMOSIS IN REMOVAL OF TRIHALOMETHANES FROM DRINKING WATER

The reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matters existing in water lead to the formation of Disinfection By-Products. Potentially hazardous and carcinogenic characteristics of trihalomethanes (THMs) are recognized. Thus removal of THMs or its precursors are necessary for human health. The aim of this study was to study the efficiency of domestic reverse osmosis (RO) in removal of trihalomethanes from drinking water. A pilot scale of RO system with Polyamide membrane as Spiral-Wound, Tape wrapping module was used. Feed solution was made by using of pure chloroform. The samples containing chloroform were analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. By increasing the flow, the removal rate of chloroform decreased and with declining removal of EC, the removal of chloroform declined too. In this research, at the worst condition, the efficiency of the pilot scale reverse osmosis reached to 80 % removal of chloroform.
Minocycline and fluorocitrate suppress spinal nociceptive signaling in intrathecal IL‐1β–induced thermal hyperalgesic rats

We previously demonstrated that intrathecal IL‐1β caused thermal hyperalgesia in rats. This study was conducted to examine the effects and cellular mechanisms of glial inhibitors on IL‐1β–induced nociception in rats. The effects of minocycline (20 μg), fluorocitrate (1 nmol), and SB203580 (5 μg) on IL‐1β (100 ng) treatment in rats were measured by nociceptive behaviors, western blotting of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide (NO) levels, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that intrathecal IL‐1β activated microglia and astrocytes, but not neurons, in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord, as evidenced by morphological changes and increased immunoreactivity, phosphorylated p38 (P‐p38) MAPK, and iNOS expression; the activation of microglia and astrocytes peaked at 30 min and lasted for 6 h. The immunoreactivities of microglia and astrocytes were significantly increased at 30 min (6.6‐ and 2.7‐fold, respectively) and 6 h (3.3‐ and 4.0‐fold, respectively) following IL‐1β injection, as compared with saline controls at 30 min (all P < 0.01). IL‐1β induced P‐p38 MAPK and iNOS expression predominantly in microglia and less in astrocytes. Minocycline, fluorocitrate, or SB203580 pretreatment suppressed this IL‐1β–upregulated P‐p38 MAPK mainly in microglia and iNOS mainly in astrocytes; minocycline exhibited the most potent effect. Minocycline and fluorocitrate pretreatment abrogated IL‐1β–induced NO release and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. In conclusion, minocycline, fluorocitrate, and SB203580 effectively suppressed the IL‐1β–induced central sensitization and hyperalgesia in rats. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Difusión del uso de Internet en España ¿Existe una brecha digital entre Comunidades Autónomas?

Este trabajo aborda el analisis de la brecha digital existente entre comunidades autonomas espanolas mediante el estudio de las principales caracteristicas del proceso de difusion del uso de Internet en ellas. Concretamente analiza si los rasgos particulares de este proceso de difusion dependen de las caracteristicas socioeconomicas de cada region, la calidad de sus infraestructuras y/o el nivel de formacion de sus habitantes. Los resultados obtenidos permiten extraer conclusiones de gran interes si se desea influir sobre la trayectoria del proceso analizado, con el fin de evitar que algunas regiones queden fuera de la red de zonas y actividades que generan valor en el sistema.
Obstructive airway disease in urban populations

Purpose of review Obstructive lung disease (OLD), including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, has a more substantial prevalence and morbidity in urban populations. This review highlights recent publications examining the epidemiology, risk factors and interventions concerning OLD in urban populations. Recent findings Using a variety of approaches, estimates of asthma prevalence in urban populations range from 5 to 25%. Early life exposures including in-utero cigarette smoke, postnatal bisphenol A, home and school particulates, and environmental air pollution contribute to increased OLD prevalence and symptom manifestations. Individuals with increased exposure to traffic-related pollution demonstrate abnormal inflammatory and lung function profiles. Obesity, more common in urban populations, is likely both a risk factor for asthma as well as contributor to poor control. Interventions targeted at home-based education and assessments are efficacious and cost-effective in improving outcomes of OLD in urban settings. Summary The burden of OLD in urban populations is driven by maternal, environmental and acquired factors. There are few recent data regarding risk factors and interventions for urban cohorts with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The complex interplay of race, socioeconomic status, environmental exposures and healthcare access in the urban population requires continued research efforts.
Intracellular Gating in an Inward-facing State of Aspartate Transporter GltPh Is Regulated by the Movements of the Helical Hairpin HP2*

Background: Mechanisms of sodium-coupled substrate binding/release are largely unknown in the family of glutamate transporters. Results: Opening of helical hairpin HP2 leads to spontaneous substrate release from an aspartate transporter in the inward-facing state. Conclusion: Substrate dissociation is preceded by the release of a sodium ion. Significance: Exploring the dynamics of substrate gating is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the full transport cycle. Sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters play a key role in neuronal signaling by clearing excess transmitter from the synapse. Structural data on a trimeric archaeal aspartate transporter, GltPh, have provided valuable insights into structural features of human excitatory amino acid transporters. However, the time-resolved mechanisms of substrate binding and release, as well as that of coupling to sodium co-transport, remain largely unknown for this important family. We present here the results of the most extensive simulations performed to date for GltPh in both outward-facing and inward-facing states by taking advantage of significant advances made in recent years in molecular simulation technology. The generated multiple microsecond trajectories consistently show that the helical hairpin HP2, not HP1, serves as an intracellular gate (in addition to its extracellular gating role). In contrast to previous proposals, HP1 can neither initiate nor accommodate neurotransmitter release without prior opening of HP2 by at least 4.0 Å. Aspartate release invariably follows that of a sodium ion located near the HP2 gate entrance. Asp-394 on TM8 and Arg-276 on HP1 emerge as key residues that promote the reorientation and diffusion of substrate toward the cell interior. These findings underscore the significance of examining structural dynamics, as opposed to static structure(s), to make inferences on the mechanisms of transport and key interactions.