Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunolabeling Pattern of Podoplanin (D2-40) May Distinguish Basal Cell Carcinomas From Trichoepitheliomas: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 49 Cases

When the morphologic distinction between basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and tichoepitheliomas is unclear, it poses a rare diagnostic challenge as the commonly defined histologic criterion is insufficient for differentiating these two neoplasms from each other. Their distinction is clinically important because the risk of progressive disease in BCC can be problematic, and trichoepitheliomas misinterpreted as BCC burdens the patient with an inaccurate diagnosis and consequential inappropriate surgery. Podoplanin (D2-40) is a well-known lymphatic endothelial surface marker that has been postulated to be upregulated in the outer root sheath of hair follicles and cutaneous neoplasms, such as adnexal tumors, squamous cell carcinomas, etc. We studied the expression of D2-40 by immunohistochemistry to determine if this marker could reliably differentiate these neoplasms from each other. A total of 49 cutaneous tumors, including 22 cases of trichoepitheliomas and 27 cases of BCC were examined. Of the 27 cases of BCC, 18 cases were located in the head and neck area, 5 on upper extremities, and 4 on the back. Of the 22 cases of trichoepitheliomas, all were from the head and neck area. D2-40 expression was present in 21/22 cases of trichoepitheliomas; 11 cases were diffusely positive (50%), 10 cases were focally positive (45.5%), and 1 case was negative (4.5%). D2-40 expression was present in 6/27 cases of BCC; 2 cases were diffusely positive (7.4%), 4 cases were focally positive (14.8%), and 21 cases were negative (77.8%). In summary, D2-40 expression was only weakly and focally positive in BCC (22.2% of cases) and diffusely and weakly positive in trichoepitheliomas (95.5% of cases). The sensitivity and specificity of D2-40 immunoreactivity to separate trichoepitheliomas from BCCs was 95.5% and 77.8%, respectively. This data suggests that D2-40 expression could be a useful potential marker to distinguish BCCs from trichoepitheliomas, especially when there is a high index of histologic suspicion for either of these two tumors. Our results also suggest that BCC can show differentiation toward the outer root sheath of hair follicles.
What’s in a name? Group fitness class names and women’s reasons for exercising

ABSTRACT The benefits of intrinsic exercise motivation are well recognized, yet extrinsically focused group-fitness class names/descriptions dominate the fitness industry. To explore the impact of how fitness classes are marketed, women (N = 389) were asked to indicate their preference for either intrinsically or extrinsically focused fitness classes based on title/description. Participants who favored intrinsic class names/descriptions were more likely to report greater interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, and greater effort and report exercising for health/fitness-related reasons. Those favoring extrinsic class names/descriptions were more likely to experience tension/pressure when exercising and report exercising for appearance/weight-related reasons. The results demonstrate the importance of wording when marketing fitness classes.
Risky Asset Models with Tempered Stable Fractal Activity Time

Two constructions of fractal activity time in the fractal activity time geometric Brownian motion (FATGBM) model for a risky asset are discussed. Both constructions produce tractable dependence structure that includes long-range dependence. One construction uses Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes and leads to stationary log returns with exact normal tempered stable distribution and pricing formula that is based on the asymptotic self-similarity of the activity time. The second construction uses convoluted subordinator with Holmgren-Liouville kernel and leads to exact pricing formula that is based on exact tempered stable distribution of the activity time. Option prices computed using our model and pricing formulae are remarkably close to the real market values.
Diagnosis of Patients with Perilymphatic Fistula

Patients with perilymphatic fistula (PLF) have been described for two decades as symptomatically identical to patients with endolymphatic hydrops (ELH). Clinical evi dence links the two disease processes but fails to differentiate PLF and ELH patients. Electrocochleography (ECoG) accurately diagnoses endolymphatic hydrops in a majority of cases
Difficulties with horizontal aortic root in transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) emerged to be a viable treatment option for failing bioprosthesis in the aortic position. Transfemoral approach is the most common access route for TAVI and associated with most favorable clinical outcome. However, in the presence of unfavorable aortic root anatomy, TAVI via transfemoral approach provides inadequate support for device manipulation during valve positioning, particularly performed for the indication of severe aortic regurgitation. We report our experience on TAVI utilizing CoreValve for a patient with regurgitant failing bioprosthesis with horizontal aortic root where we encountered difficulties during implantation and retrieval of valve delivery system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical Spitzoid Melanocytic Neoplasms With Angiotropism: A Potential Mechanism of Locoregional Involvement

Atypical spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms (ASMN) may prove difficult to distinguish microscopically from melanoma, and their biological behavior may be unpredictable. ASMN may result in regional lymph node (LN) metastases and frequent sentinel lymph node (SLN) deposits. Angiotropism and extravascular migratory metastasis may account for locoregional metastases in melanoma and thus may potentially explain such locoregional involvement in ASMN. Nine ASMN with angiotropism from 2006 to 2010 were studied. Angiotropism was defined as melanocytes closely opposed to the external surfaces of microvascular channels without intravasation. There were 5 women and 4 men aged 6-40 (mean 18.7) years with ASMN involving the head and neck (5), the extremities (3), and the trunk (1), and the lesions ranged in diameters from 3.5 to 10 (mean 6.2) mm. Breslow thicknesses ranged from 0.66 to 5.35 (mean 3.21) mm, 5 lesions Clark level IV and 4 level V, and dermal mitotic rates varied from 1 to 5 (mean 2.4) per square millimeter. Despite follow-up of 6 months or less in 4 subjects, 5 patients showed regional tumor spread based on detection of SLN deposits, local recurrence, or clinical satellite and LN metastases. Four of 5 patients (80%) undergoing SLN biopsy showed nodal positivity with 2 SLN deposits of >6 mm. Among 4 patients not having SLN biopsy, 1 patient developed local LN metastases after 2 years. We report for the first time angiotropism in ASMN and suggest that such angiotropism seems to correlate with and may explain regional tumor spread in this neoplastic system.
The “Intraepidermal Epithelioma” Revisited: Immunohistochemical Study of the Borst–Jadassohn Phenomenon

The true nature of the so-called intraepidermal epithelioma of Borst-Jadassohn is poorly understood; whether this represents a distinct tumor or a morphological phenomenon [Borst-Jadassohn phenomenon (BJP)] shared by different entities has been debated. So far, no detailed immunohistochemical studies have been performed to address this issue. The aim of our study was to get further insight into the pathogenesis of the intraepidermal epithelioma of Borst-Jadassohn/BJP. Tumors showing the BJP [mainly clonal seborrheic keratoses (cSK) and clonal Bowen disease (cBD)] were studied and compared with typical (nonclonal) counterparts. Cell nests in cSK, cBD, hidroacanthoma simplex (HS), and porocarcinoma (PC) showed strong expression of epidermal growth factor-receptors (EGF-R), Ki-67, p63, and p53. Cell nests of clonal SK and HS (but not of clonal BD or PC) expressed keratin 5/6. The expression of E-cadherin and the number of CD1a+ Langerhans cells were reduced within the nests of all lesions, whereas melanocytes were increased in all of them. Keratins 7 and 19 were not expressed in any of the lesions. Tumors showing the BJP exhibit some immunohistochemical differences, suggesting that they represent separate entities. However, they all show strong expression of EGF-R within intraepidermal keratinocyte nests, suggesting that the epithelial growth factor pathway plays a role in the development of the BJP.
Determinants of outcome of inguinal herniorrhaphy in Nigerian patients

Objective: To determine the clinical, operative and postoperative factors influencing the outcome of inguinal herniorrhaphy for inguinal and iguinoscrotal hernia. A protocol was drafted to carry out a prospective study of all patients who had herniorrhaphy for inguinal or inguinoscrortal hernia within a period of 7 years (February 1995–January 2002). The present study took place in a Teaching Hospital Complex Unit that serves a rural and semiurban Nigerian community. Patients and methods: A total of 425 consecutive patients who had inguinal herniorrhaphy were recruited for the current study. Only adult male and female patients were recruited and operated on either as emergency or elective status. Demographic, clinical, operative and postoperative patterns of the patients were documented and analysed using SPSS 7.5 for Window. Results: There were 391 (92%) male patients and the patients age ranged from 16 to 90 years, with a mean of 51.8 years. Duration of symptoms ranged 1 day−25 years, median of 1 years. There were 169 patients (39.8%) with 175 (37.6%) cases of inguinoscrotal hernia, 256 patients (60.2%) with 290 (62.4%) cases of inguinal hernia and 15 (3.5%) patients presented with recurrent hernia. Emergency operation was carried out in 112 (26%) patients, with a high incidence of scrotal complications, wound failure, mortality and a prolonged period of hospitalization. There were more scrotal complications among the elderly patients, with a high rate of inguinoscrotal hernia and those patients with systemic pathology. Wound infection and wound dehiscence were more common in patients with obstructive uropathy, longer duration of symptoms, inguinoscrotal hernia, presence of other hernia type and such operative findings as sliding hernia. Postoperative hernia recurrence and scrotal complications were associated with a high wound infection rate, while mortality rate was associated with age, hernia incarceration, inguinoscrotal hernia, suboptimal clinical status and operative findings of gangrenous intestinal segment. Conclusion: There were many preoperative, operative and postoperative factors that significantly influence the outcome of inguinal herniorrhaphy at the Teaching Hospital Complex. High postoperative morbidity and mortality were associated with old age, inguinoscrotal hernia and preoperative hernia complications.
Cord-Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Respiratory Infection, Wheezing, and Asthma

CA Camargo Jr, T Ingham, K Wickens; New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study Group. Pediatrics. 2011;127(1). Available at: www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/127/1/e180 Previous studies have provided support for the role of low vitamin D levels in the increasing prevalence of asthma. This study examined the relationship between cord-blood levels of vitamin D and respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma. Cord blood from study participants ( N = 922) was collected as part of a prospective birth cohort of 1105 children recruited by a random sample of midwives in the New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study. Questionnaires were administered by study nurses at birth, 3 months, and 15 months and then annually between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin …
Vulvar Manifestations of Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder with several well-known extraintestinal manifestations, such as erythema nodosum, uveitis, and arthritis. Less commonly observed are vulvar manifestations, which have primarily been discussed in case reports or small case series. These cases generally highlight patients with histopathology limited to noncaseating granulomas. As these histological findings are identified in bowel biopsies from only approximately 50% of patients with gastrointestinal Crohn's disease, there is likely an under-recognition and underdiagnosis of vulvar lesions as Crohn's disease manifestations. We describe the largest case series to date involving patients with vulvar Crohn's disease, discuss the varied clinical presentations, and describe the histopathological findings, which include noncaseating granulomas, ulcerations, lymphatic lesions, and even dysplasia and carcinoma. Our findings underscore the importance of keeping vulvar Crohn's disease on the differential diagnosis when faced with a range of vulvar symptoms and suggest that regular gynecological surveillance in patients with Crohn's disease may be of benefit.
Animating Causal Overlays

Most approaches to representing causality, such as the common causal graph, require a separate and static view, but in many cases it is useful to add the dimension of causality to the context of an existing visualization. Building on research from perceptual psychology that shows the perception of causality is a low‐level visual event derived from certain types of motion, we are investigating how to add animated causal representations, called visual causal vectors, onto other visualizations. We refer to these as causal overlays. Our initial experimental results show this approach has great potential but that extra cues are needed to elicit the perception of causality when the motions are overlaid on other graphical objects. In this paper we describe the approach and report on a study that examined two issues of this technique: how to accurately convey the causal flow and how to represent the strength of the causal effect.
Schools as Sites for Recruiting Participants and Implementing Research

ABSTRACT Schools can be a valuable resource for recruitment of participants for research involving children, adolescents, and parents. Awareness of the benefits and challenges of working with schools can assist researchers in developing effective school partnerships. This article discusses the advantages of conducting research within the school system as well as the challenges that may also arise. Such challenges include developing key contacts, building relationships, logistical arrangements, and facilitating trust in the research topic and team. Suggestions for strategies to forge successful collaborative relationships with schools are provided.
The effect of educational intervention on pharmacists' attitudes to substance misusers

The aim of this study was to determine if a conventional educational training evening influenced pharmacists' attitudes towards methadone substitution programmes and substance misusers. The sample consisted of 42 community pharmacists who attended two locally organized training evenings dealing with aspects of methadone prescribing. The Abstinence Orientation Scale (AOS) measuring attitudes to abstinence‐orientated methadone substitution programmes was administered. Attitudes towards substance users and knowledge of methadone were also assessed. Pharmacists completed scales immediately before and after the educational intervention and a month later. Pharmacist assistants completed questionnaires at baseline and at 1‐month follow‐up. The null hypothesis tested was that there was no significant attitudinal change following the educational intervention. The mean pharmacist AOS score indicated a relatively strong commitment to abstinence programmes which decreased with time (p<0.48). Pharmacist assistant scores showed a significant decrease at 1 month to a mean of 3.41 (p<0.046). Drug disapproval and methadone knowledge scores showed a non‐statistically significant increase over the follow‐up period for both groups. These results indicate that there is a minimal change in attitude towards methadone programmes; substance misuse and knowledge of methadone among pharmacists following structured educational training in this area. This suggests that alternative means of addressing these issues need to be considered.
Screening the Dykes of Oz: Lesbian Representation on Australian Television

This article provides a survey of lesbian representation in Australian-made television programming. Beginning with the 1970s, when Australia led the Anglophone world in terms of queer representation on television, the article discusses major instances of queer women appearing on Australian television including in such shows as Prisoner, Home & Away, Neighbours, All Saints, The Secret Life of Us, Last Man Standing, and Kick.
What do Male Students at the College of Medicine of the University of Malawi Say About Semen Donation

Aim This study was aimed at assessing knowledge and attitude to semen donation among male students at the College of Medicine. Methods A semi-structured questionnaire survey of students doing Pre-Medical Sciences, MBBS, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, and Medical Laboratory Science degrees at the College of Medicine. There were 180 respondents who took part in this study. Their ages ranged from 15 to 43 years with a mean of 21.21 years. Results A total of 130 (72.2%) of the respondents were aware of the practice of sperm donation for research purposes or the treatment of infertility while 50 students had never heard of it. A total of 86 (47.8%) students reported their willingness to donate their semen. The main motivation for wanting to donate sperm was to get paid. The leading factors which discouraged the respondents from donating semen were that the practice was either against their religious belief (42.6%), or that they were not comfortable with the practice of semen donation because it was morally wrong (50%). Conclusion Despite having the high level of awareness of semen donation among male students of the College of Medicine, more than half of them were unfavourably disposed to it. Public enlightenment through the mass media and correction of false notions about semen donation will go a long way in addressing this problem.
Modeling Chinese Teachers' Attitudes Toward Using Technology for Teaching with a SEM Approach

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine factors that influence Chinese teachers’ attitudes toward using technology. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the framework, the study considered the social and cultural in China, and included a new external variable—policy—along with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, facilitation conditions, and subjective norms, into the original TAM framework. Structural equation modeling was implemented on questionnaire data collected from 1,423 teachers in China. The expanded model revealed a goodness-of-fit (TLI = 0.931, CFI = 0.942, RMSEA = 0.048, and SRMR = 0.039) and it explained 52.7% of the variance in teachers’ attitudes toward using technology. Chinese teachers' perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and national policy were determined to be the factors with positive direct influence on teachers' attitudes toward using technology. Subjective norms were found to have an indirect influence. This study contributes to the growing body of non-Western multicultural studies on the TAM and also serves as a starting point in understanding teachers’ attitudes toward technology use in China.
Sexual activity, health and well-being – the beneficial roles of coitus and masturbation

Abstract The beneficial and well-being effects of human sexual arousal induced by coitus or masturbation are reviewed. Greater sexual satisfaction and some health rewards are given by coitally obtained orgasms even though those from masturbation may be more physiologically intense. The functionality of the circulatory, neural and muscular systems of the male and female genitalia are maintained by arousal and orgasm (maintenance functions) both in the conscious state and when asleep. Prophylactic actions (preventative functions) occur in relation to prostate cancer, implantation and dysmenorrhoea. In the male, ejaculations keep sperm morphology and semen volume within normal ranges while leukocyte numbers are increased. In the female, with coital vaginal deposition of semen mood enhancement occurs, menstrual cycles are more often of the ovulatory (fertile) type and postmenopausal vaginal atrophy is counteracted.
Introduction to the book

s that have made possible this introduction. 1. Transcript of Hillary Clinton’s speech to the US Institute of Peace China Conference commemorating the 40th anniversary of President Nixon’s visit to China, 7 March 2012, accessed 17 July 2014 at http://australianpolitics.com/2012/03/07/hillaryclinton-on-china.html. 2. Organski, A.F. K. (1968), World Politics, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, p. 376. Introduction to the book xxiii Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Tan-Handbook_of_US_China_relations / Division: 00b-Introduction /Pg. Position: 9 / Date: 8/7 Andrew T.H. Tan 9781784715724 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 12/03/2018 04:01:41AM via free access JOBNAME: Tan PAGE: 10 SESS: 5 OUTPUT: Thu Jul 14 10:22:4
Neonatal loss of γ–aminobutyric acid pathway expression after human perinatal brain injury

Object Perinatal brain injury leads to chronic neurological deficits in children. Damage to the premature brain produces white matter lesions (WMLs), but the impact on cortical development is less well defined. Gamma–aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons destined for the cerebral cortex migrate through the developing white matter and form the subplate during late gestation. The authors hypothesized that GABAergic neurons are vulnerable to perinatal systemic insults in premature infants, and that damage to these neurons contributes to impaired cortical development. Methods An immunohistochemical analysis involving markers for oligodendrocytes, GABAergic neurons, axons, and apoptosis was performed on a consecutive series of 15 human neonatal telencephalon samples obtained postmortem from infants born at 25 to 32 weeks of gestation. The tissue samples were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of WMLs by performing routine histological analyses. The expression of GABAergic neurons was compa.
Current and emerging vascularization strategies in skin tissue engineering

Abstract Vascularization is a key process in skin tissue engineering, determining the biological function of artificial skin implants. Hence, efficient vascularization strategies are a major prerequisite for the safe application of these implants in clinical practice. Current approaches include (i) modification of structural and physicochemical properties of dermal scaffolds, (ii) biological scaffold activation with growth factor-releasing systems or gene vectors, and (iii) generation of prevascularized skin substitutes by seeding scaffolds with vessel-forming cells. These conventional approaches may be further supplemented by emerging strategies, such as transplantation of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, miRNA modulation, cell sheet engineering, and fabrication of photosynthetic scaffolds. The successful translation of these vascularization strategies from bench to bedside may pave the way for a broad clinical implementation of skin tissue engineering.