Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiation patterns in the blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia.

The surface antigen phenotype of 30 patients with the blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was determined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing differentiation antigens of normal myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and lymphoid cells. Ten patients' cells expressed a phenotype corresponding to an immature myeloid cell and were felt to have "myeloid" blast crisis. None of these myeloid leukemias were TdT+ or responded to vincristine (V) and prednisone (P). Eleven patients expressed a phenotype similar to acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and probably reflect maturation to an early B lymphocyte. All of these "lymphoid" leukemias were TdT+, and 67% of evaluable patients had a complete response to V and P. One leukemia had the phenotype of an erythroleukemia, one patient's cells expressed the phenotype of megakaryoblastic leukemia, and one leukemia had populations of both myeloid and lymphoid blasts. Six leukemias did not express surface markers characteristic of any lineage and were termed "undifferentiated. " This group was heterogeneous with respect to TdT expression, but no patient had a complete response to V and P. Determination of surface antigen phenotype in CML blast crisis thus provides clinically useful information for the structuring of treatment protocols.
n-3 Ingestion may modulate the severity of periodontal disease? Systematic review

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effects of n-3 ingestion on periodontal disease. Besides, we also investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and/or aracdonic acid (AA), and periodontal disease. An electronic search was performed in several databases with the following keywords: “n-3,” DHA, EPA and polynsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in combination with the term “periodontal disease” (PD). Only studies conducted with humans, involving clinical parameters of PD assessment and use of n-3 were selected, without restriction to the date of publication. The search has returned 1368 articles, 11 of which were selected. The results were separated according to the type of n-3 ingestion: supplementation or n-3 content in normal diet. In the studies where n-3 has been supplemented, there was no significant difference in the clinical severity of PD compared to the control subjects. However, in patients where levels of n-3 were evaluated in a usual diet, a lower disease severity was reported. We have detected a preventive effect related to plasma levels of EPA and DHA against PD progression. Thus, n-3 ingestion may beneficially interfere in PD progression, depending on the duration and dosage of consumption.
Role of forensic dentistry for dental practitioners: A comprehensive study

Objectives: The aim of present study is to analyze assess the awareness about forensic odontology among dental practitioners in center part of India. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 100 dental practitioners in Bhilai-Durg and data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Results: About 30% of dental practitioners not maintain dental records in their clinic, 70% maintained dental records. Nearly, 60% dental practitioners use the appropriate method for diagnosis, while rest are not. Sixty-five percent dental practitioners know the accurate and sensitive way of identify individuals. Thirty percent dental practitioner did not know the significance of bite-mark patterns of the teeth, about 75% dental practitioners did not aware that they could testify as an expert witness in the court of law. Only 15% dental practitioners have formal training in collecting, evaluating, and presenting dental evidence. Seventy-five percent dental practitioners not confident to deal with forensic cases. Conclusions: Our study revealed inadequate knowledge, lack of awareness about forensic odontology, among dental practitioners in Chhattisgarh.
Employees’ Break-offs and Location Selection: The Birth of Industrial Clusters

Empirical observation suggests that several industrial clusters originate from employees who break off and locate their new firms close to former employers. The reasons for such a choice are complex and include a variety of costs' considerations. We present a two-player three-stage simultaneous game with interdependent decisions concerning break-offs, deterrent compensations, location, and profit-maximizing production outputs. The structure of the game explains under what conditions a break-off is desirable, what location's choice makes it optimal, and why the break-off process may lead to the birth of a cluster. We demonstrate how marginal production/congestion cost, degree of product differentiation, R&D investment in a region, and market size, all influence the likelihood of a firm's break-off and its subsequent location decision. Our results provide a rationale for why, in industries in which technology plays a significant role, an increase in R&D investment in the region may encourage the break-off firm to locate away from the incumbent. We also show that subsidies aimed at increasing manufacturing activities and diffusing commercializable innovations can be ineffective in promoting clustering and unnecessary in larger markets, and their exact size is crucial in determining their effectiveness.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral grepafloxacin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

This analysis was designed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral grepafloxacin (OPC-17,116) in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB). The study group included 76 patients (43 male, 33 female) between 23 and 81 years of age, who were part of a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, dose-response study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral regimens of grepafloxacin, 200, 400 or 600 mg, each administered once daily for 14 days. Plasma samples for drug assay (typically eight per subject; four samples on either day 3, 4 or 5, plus troughs on other clinic visit days), were obtained during treatment. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was accomplished using iterative two-stage analysis. Cultures and quantitative Gram stains from serial 24 h collections of sputum were used to determine the time (in days) taken to eradicate each bacterial strain. Population pharmacodynamic analysis was performed for three measures of antibacterial response: probability of bacteriological cure, probability of clinical cure, and time to eradication. Grepafloxacin plasma concentration profiles were best fitted by a pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption following a lag time between administration of the dose and onset of systemic absorption. All three measures of response were strongly related to the 24 h AUIC (AUC/MIC). At an AUIC of <75, the percent probability of clinical cure was 71%; at an AUIC of 75-175, it was 80% (P < 0.05) and at an AUIC of >175, it was 98% (P < 0.01). In conclusion, antibacterial response for grepafloxacin in ABECB patients was highly related to AUIC; values of <75 appear inadequate and values of >175 were optimal.
On the Validity of Approximate Formulas for the Evaluation of the Lightning Electromagnetic Fields in the Presence of a Lossy Ground

The accuracy of approximate formulas for the evaluation of lightning electromagnetic fields above and inside a lossy ground is investigated taking as reference full-wave numerical results obtained using a parallel implementation of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The return stroke channel is modeled using the antenna theory model with fixed inductive loading which is appropriately incorporated into the FDTD algorithm. First, the validity of the Cooray-Rubinstein (CR) formula for the evaluation of above-ground horizontal electric field is evaluated. The obtained results confirm the recent findings of Cooray according to which it is important to include propagation effects over a lossy ground in the magnetic field used in the CR formula, except at very close distance ranges for which propagation effects can be neglected. Second, we test the validity of the Cooray formula for the evaluation of underground horizontal electric fields. The Cooray formula allows for the evaluation of the underground horizontal electric field starting from the horizontal electric field at the air-soil interface. This latter can be calculated using either 1) the original CR formula in which the magnetic field at ground level is evaluated assuming the ground as a perfect conductor or 2) taking into account propagation effects in the computation of the magnetic field. We show that the assumption of a perfectly conducting ground for the evaluation of the magnetic field at ground level might lead to inaccuracies in the Cooray formula. However, the use of the Cooray formula taking into account propagation effects in the computation of the magnetic field results in acceptable predictions of the underground horizontal electric fields.
Quantifying Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells during a Viral Infection: CD4 T Cell Responses Are Larger Than We Think

The number of virus-specific CD8 T cells increases substantially during an acute infection. Up to 90% of CD8 T cells are virus specific following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. In contrast, studies identifying virus-specific CD4 T cell epitopes have indicated that CD4 T cells often recognize a broader array of Ags than CD8 T cells, consequently making it difficult to accurately quantify the total magnitude of pathogen-specific CD4 T cell responses. In this study, we show that CD4 T cells become CD11ahiCD49d+ after LCMV infection and retain this expression pattern into memory. During the effector phase, all the LCMV-specific IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells display a CD11ahiCD49d+ cell surface expression phenotype. In addition, only memory CD11ahiCD49d+ CD4 T cells make IFN-γ after stimulation. Furthermore, upon secondary LCMV challenge, only CD11ahiCD49d+ memory CD4 T cells from LCMV-immune mice undergo proliferative expansion, demonstrating that CD11ahiCD49d+ CD4 T cells are truly Ag specific. Using the combination of CD11a and CD49d, we demonstrate that up to 50% of the CD4 T cells are virus specific during the peak of the LCMV response. Our results indicate that the magnitude of the virus-specific CD4 T cell response is much greater than previously recognized.
Maternal and cord blood serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron in healthy pregnant Jordanian women

Altered plasma levels of zinc, copper, and iron during pregnancy are known to have profound effects on pregnant women and their neonates. The status of these elements is not known in pregnant women in Jordan. During the three trimesters of pregnancy, blood specimens were collected from 186 healthy pregnant women aged 1745 years and from cord blood of 92 of their neonates. The mean neonatal birth weight was 3.34 ± 0.44 kg. Maternal and cord blood serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and hemoglobin concentration was determined by hematology cell counter. The results indicate significantly lower serum zinc levels and higher copper and iron levels in cord blood than in maternal blood. During the three trimesters of pregnancy, the serum levels of zinc and copper significantly decreased and increased, respectively, whereas the levels of serum iron were unchanged. Significant positive correlation was observed only between zinc levels of cord blood and birth weight. During third trimester, the mean serum levels of zinc and iron were significantly lower in anemic pregnant women (group I: Hb less than 11.0 g/ dL, n = 36) than that in nonanemic pregnant women (group II: Hb > or = 11.0 g/dL, n = 56). There was no noticeable difference between group I and group II regarding cord blood parameters on one hand and neonatal birth weight on the other hand. Similar significant positive correlation was observed between serum zinc levels of cord blood and birth weight in both groups. These results indicate that Jordanian women during pregnancy follow a well-balanced and adequate diet regime. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med.
Effect of OP-2507, a stable prostacyclin analogue on cerebral ischemia induced by unilateral ligation of common carotid artery in gerbils.

Effects of OP-2507 [15-cis-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-16,17,18,19,20-pentanor-9-deoxy -9 alpha-nitrilo- PGF1 methylester] on cerebral ischemia induced by unilateral ligation of common carotid artery in gerbils were investigated with reference to behavioral and neuropathological changes. A good coincidence between neurological symptoms and neuropathological changes was observed in gerbils after unilateral ligation of common carotid artery as revealed by the high percentage of coincidence (90% of total animals). All gerbils which showed neurological symptoms, either circling behavior or rolling fit, had cerebral infarction in their ipsilateral hemisphere. In these animals, neuropathological changes of cerebral regions were observed in cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, interbrain and midbrain, in contrast with medulla oblongata and cerebellum which did not show any neuropathological changes. Pretreatment with a dose range of 1-30 micrograms/kg, s.c. of OP-2507 showed a protective effect in the occurrence of neurological symptoms, such as circling behavior and rolling fit, in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of OP-2507 was also confirmed in neuropathological examination which was performed with observation of neurological deficits in the same animals. The severity of cerebral infarction of all brain regions was significantly prevented by treatment with OP-2507. The results suggested that the protective effect of OP-2507 on regional infarction gave apparent protection against the occurrence of neurological deficits for this compound.
Controversies in the Management of Primary Retinal Detachments

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments occur when a retinal break provides access for synergetic vitreous fluid to enter the subretinal space. It is a serious disorder that can lead to permanent blindness without intervention. The age-adjusted incidence of idiopathic retinal detachments is approximately 12.5 cases per 100,000 population per year. By extrapolation, the number of phakic idiopathic retinal detachments per year in the United States is 22,000. The number of cases increases to 28,000 when including aphakic and pseudophakic cases. The repair of retinal detachments has been investigated and studied for over a century. Visualization of retinal breaks was not possible until Helmholtz introduced the ophthalmoscope in 1851. A few years later, Coccius and his colleagues observed that retinal breaks were involved in the pathogenesis of retinal detachments. But it was not until 1921 when the first, somewhat successful, intervention for retinal detachment was described. Jules Gonin changed the landscape of retinal detachment repair by developing a treatment to close retinal breaks through transscleral cautery, a procedure termed ignipuncture. Although his success rates were modest by modern standards, he was the first to realize that the key to treatment of retinal detachments is closure of the retinal break. Notable ophthalmologists such as Schepens have revolutionized the repair of retinal detachments by perfecting scleral buckling techniques, leading to success rates of primary repair of detachments currently as high as 80% to 90%. Over the last 2 to 3 decades, surgical management of primary retinal detachments has evolved dramatically, with the emergence of alternative techniques to scleral buckling such as pars plana vitrectomy JOBNAME: ioc 44#4 2004 PAGE: 1 OUTPUT: Mon September 13 11:15:47 2004
Computer Networks As Social Networks

Computer networks are inherently social networks, linking people, organizations, and knowledge. They are social institutions that should not be studied in isolation but as integrated into everyday lives. The proliferation of computer networks has facilitated a deemphasis on group solidarities at work and in the community and afforded a turn to networked societies that are loosely bounded and sparsely knit. The Internet increases people's social capital, increasing contact with friends and relatives who live nearby and far away. New tools must be developed to help people navigate and find knowledge in complex, fragmented, networked societies.
Estrogen receptor alpha polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and hip fracture: cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies and a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) IVS1-397T/C polymorphism affects high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer of reproductive organs, and hip fracture. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied cross-sectionally 9244 individuals from the Danish general population and followed them up for 23 to 25 years. End points were CVD (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke, other ischemic cerebrovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), cancer of reproductive organs (breasts, ovaries, uterus, and prostate), and hip fracture. We also studied patients with ischemic heart disease (n=2495), ischemic cerebrovascular disease (n=856), and breast cancer (n=1256) versus general population controls. The CC, CT, and TT genotypes had general population frequencies of 21%, 50%, and 29%, respectively. Cross-sectionally, genotype did not influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy. In the cohort study, there were no differences in risks of CVD, cancer of reproductive organs, or hip fracture between genotypes. In case-control studies, risk of CVD did not differ between genotypes; however, the odds ratio for breast cancer in women with TT versus CC genotypes was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7). Meta-analysis in men of 6 previous and the present 2 studies, including 4799 cases and 12,190 controls, showed odds ratios in CC versus CT and TT genotypes for fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12) and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.21). CONCLUSIONS ESR1 IVS1-397T/C polymorphism does not influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy or risk of CVD, most cancers of reproductive organs, or hip fracture.
Faculty‐student interactions and the student‐perceived climate for caring

The identification of caring as a core value for nursing practice elaborates the need to investigate the educational processes through which caring can be learned by those who will assume primary caregiver roles. Using qualitative inquiry, this study was conducted to describe a climate for caring as perceived by 10 junior nursing students and to identify faculty behaviors and faculty-student interactional episodes through which these students experience a climate for caring. Consistent with one researcher's conceptualization of the components of a moral education, the findings from this study suggest that modeling, dialogue, practice, and confirmation are the faculty-student interactional processes through which these students experienced a climate for caring.
Antibodies to some pathogenic agents in free-living wild species in Tanzania

SUMMARY A total of 535 sera from eight species of wildlife were collected from different game areas in Tanzania between 1987 and 1989. These sera were tested for antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease, bovine herpes virus types 1 and 2, lumpy skin disease, bovine viral diarrhoea, Akabane, bovine ephemeral fever, bluetongue, enzootic bovine leucosis, African horse sickness and African swine fever viruses and Brucella abortus based on the expected species susceptibility. Sera from buffalo Syncerus caffer, wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus and topi Damaliscus korrigum contained antibodies against the majority of the pathogens tested. Antibodies to fewer pathogens were detected in sera from the other species. No antibodies to lumpy skin disease virus were detected in any of the sera examined. African horse sickness antibodies were detected in sera from Zebra and African swine fever antibodies were detected in wart hog. The occurrence of antibodies to these agents suggests that wild species act as reservoirs of infection for some of these pathogens. However, until the susceptibility of individual species is proven by isolation of the aetiological agents their role must remain speculative.
Comparative Analysis of Direct Pancreatic Function Testing Versus Morphological Assessment by Endoscopic Ultrasonography for the Evaluation of Chronic Unexplained Abdominal Pain of Presumed Pancreatic Origin

Objectives: The diagnosis of “minimal change” chronic pancreatitis (MCCP) is often considered when conventional imaging studies are unrevealing in a patient population with abdominal pain of presumed pancreatic origin. Direct pancreatic function testing using secretin as a secretagogue (ST) has been considered the most sensitive method to diagnose MCCP but is not widely available to clinicians. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allows detailed imaging of pancreatic architecture, but the sensitivity and specificity for MCCP remain to be determined. We sought to compare the accuracy of EUS and ST in patients with presumed MCCP. Methods: Seventy-four patients referred to our pancreas clinic with unexplained abdominal pain and previously negative imaging studies underwent an ST for evaluation of possible MCCP. Twenty-one of these also underwent EUS. EUS images were read by 1 of 2 experts blinded to ST results. Results: Using ST as the “gold standard,” EUS had a maximum sensitivity of 71% when the cut-off for diagnosis was set at at least 3 EUS features. Conversely, maximum specificity (92%) was seen when the cut-off value was set at at least 6 EUS criteria. Diagnostic certainty was only 50% (positive predictive value = 0.5) when at least 6 criteria were used as the cut-off. MCCP was excluded with greater than 70% certainty when less than 3 criteria were present. At the best cut-off value of at least 4 features, EUS had a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 64%. Conclusions: In this patient population with abdominal pain of presumed pancreatic origin, EUS and standard pancreatic function testing are often discordant. If ST is assumed to be the reference against which other tests are compared, EUS is less accurate than ST in diagnosing MCCP.
mDASH: A Markov Decision-Based Rate Adaptation Approach for Dynamic HTTP Streaming

Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) has recently been widely deployed in the Internet. It, however, does not impose any adaptation logic for selecting the quality of video fragments requested by clients. In this paper, we propose a novel Markov decision-based rate adaptation scheme for DASH aiming to maximize the quality of user experience under time-varying channel conditions. To this end, our proposed method takes into account those key factors that make a critical impact on visual quality, including video playback quality, video rate switching frequency and amplitude, buffer overflow/underflow, and buffer occupancy. Besides, to reduce computational complexity, we propose a low-complexity sub-optimal greedy algorithm which is suitable for real-time video streaming. Our experiments in network test-bed and real-world Internet all demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method in both objective and subjective visual quality.