Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Managers, Staff and Faculty Members of Departments of Physical Education in Iran

Background. Employees’ perception of justice in compensation programs, organizational procedures and interpersonal behaviors can have a key role in developing and encouraging organizational citizenship behavior. Aim. The purpose of this study was relationship between organizational justice perception and organizational citizenship behavior among Managers, Staff and Faculty Members of Departments of Physical Education in Iran. Methods. The research methodology has been a survey and it is descriptive-correlation from the method view of data collection. In this research the statistical population included Managers, Staff and Faculty Members in 11 Departments of Physical Education in national universities of Iran, that with consideration to size and accessibility of sampling method, to determine sample size, 201 people (N=201), were selected as sample size. In order to gather data two standard questionnaires with high validity and reliability which as: organizational Justice and organizational citizenship behavior were used. In order to analyze the data, the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) were applied. Results. The research finding indicated that between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior a significant mutual relationship was confirmed (P=0.000, r = 0.771). Also there was significant and positive relationship between three dimensions of organizational justice with organizational citizenship behavior, and also five dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior with organizational justice. © Idōkan Poland Association “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 18, no. 3 (2018), pp. 7–14 DOI: 10.14589/ido.18. 3.2
Does the Use of Body Scanners Discriminate Overweight Flight Passengers? The Effect of Body Scanners on Body Image

Whereas the introduction of body scanners at airports has been accompanied by critical voices raising concerns that body scanners might have a negative impact on different minority groups, it has not been investigated thus far whether they might also have negative impacts on the average flight passenger and if the provision of adequate information might attenuate such negative impacts. Using a pre/post-design the current study examines the effect of a body scan in a controlled laboratory setting on the explicit and implicit body image of normal-weight and overweight people as assessed by questionnaires and an Implicit Association Test. Half of the sample received an information sheet concerning body scanners before they were scanned. While there was a negative impact of the body scan on the implicit body image of overweight participants, there was a positive impact on their explicit body image. The negative effect of the body scan was unaffected by receiving information. This study demonstrates that body scans do not only have negative effects on certain minority groups but potentially on a large proportion of the general public which suggests a critical reconsideration of the control procedures at airports, the training of the airport staff who is in charge of these procedures and the information flight passengers get about these procedures.
Ships going slow in reducing their NOx emissions: changes in 2005–2012 ship exhaust inferred from satellite measurements over Europe

We address the lack of temporal information on ship emissions, and report on rapid short-term variations of satellite-derived ship NOx emissions between 2005 and 2012 over European seas. Our inversion is based on OMI observed tropospheric NO2 columns and GEOS-Chem simulations. Average European ship NOx emissions increased by ∼15% from 2005 to 2008. This increase was followed by a reduction of ∼12% in 2009, a direct result of the global economic downturn in 2008–2009, and steady emissions from 2009 to 2012. Observations of ship passages through the Suez Canal and satellite altimeter derived ship densities suggests that ships in the Mediterranean Sea have reduced their speed by more than 30% since 2008. This reduction in ship speed is accompanied by a persistent 45% reduction of average, per ship NOx emission factors. Our results indicate that the practice of ‘slow steaming’, i.e. the lowering of vessel speed to reduce fuel consumption, has indeed been implemented since 2008, and can be detected from space. In spite of the implementation of slow steaming, one in seven of all NOx molecules emitted in Europe in 2012 originated from the shipping sector, up from one in nine in 2005. The growing share of the shipping contributions to the overall European NOx emissions suggests a need for the shipping sector to implement additional measures to reduce pollutant emissions at rates that are achieved by the road transport and energy producing sectors in Europe.
Emigration Intentions: Mere Words or True Plans? Explaining International Migration Intentions and Behavior

Do people follow up on their intentions? In this paper we confront the emigration intentions formed by inhabitants of the Netherlands during the year 2004-2005 and the emigration steps they took in the subsequent two years. Three results stand out. First, it appears that intentions are good predictors of future emigration: 24 percent of those who had stated an intention to emigrate have actually emigrated within two years time. Second, within the group of potential emigrants, those who have emigrated and those who have not yet emigrated, do not differ much from each other. The potential emigrants who have not yet emigrated are in poorer health. Third, the forces that trigger emigration intentions are also the same forces that make people actually move.
Shadows Affect Eye Movements in Visual Judgment Tasks

Research has suggested that observers, when looking at scenes with multiple illumination levels, tend to avoid shadowed regions in the images. This result was obtained in experiments using psychophysics and when using eyetracking methodology. However, in such demonstrations participants were asked to estimate color properties. In the present study, we introduced cognitive tasks applied to images partially covered with a shadow. Participants, while looking at the photographed faces, judged age, beauty and profession of the depicted people. The eye movement measures (first fixation location, number of fixations, and dwell time) showed that even under such high-level cognitive tasks, the visual system has a preference for non-shadow regions.
Experimental Study on the Workability of Self-Compacting Granite and Unwashed Gravel Concrete

This study deals mainly with the mix proportions using granite and unwashed gravel as coarse aggregate for self-compacting concrete (SCC) and its workability, by considering the water absorption of unwashed gravel aggregate. Mix proportions for SCC were designed with constant cement and fine aggregate while coarse aggregates content of granite-unwashed gravel combination were varied in the proportion 100%, 90%/10%, 80%/20%, 70%/30%, 60%/40%, 50% /50%, represented by SCC1, SCC2, SCC3, SCC4, SCC5 and SCC6. 100% granite (SCC1) serves as the control. The workability of the samples was quantitatively evaluated by slump flow, T500, L-box, V- funnel and sieve segregation tests. Based on the experimental results, a detailed analysis was conducted. It was found that granite and unwashed gravel with SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 according to EFNARC (2002) standard have good deformability, fluidity and filling ability, which all passed consistency test. SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 have good passing ability while all mixes were in the limit prescribed by EFNARC (2002). It can be concluded that the mix design for varying granite-unwashed gravel combination for SCC presented in this study satisfy various requirements for workability hence, this can be adopted for practical concrete structures.
A combined approach of remote sensing and airborne electromagnetics to determine the volume of polynya sea ice in the Laptev Sea

A combined interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) sea-ice thickness data has provided an estimate of sea-ice volume formed in Laptev Sea polynyas during the winter of 2007/08. The evolution of the surveyed sea-ice areas, which were formed between late December 2007 and middle April 2008, was tracked using a series of SAR images with a sampling interval of 2–3 days. Approximately 160 km of HEM data recorded in April 2008 provided sea-ice thicknesses along profiles that transected sea ice varying in age from 1 to 116 days. For the volume estimates, thickness information along the HEM profiles was extrapolated to zones of the same age. The error of areal mean thickness information was estimated to be between 0.2 m for younger ice and up to 1.55 m for older ice, with the primary error source being the spatially limited HEM coverage. Our results have demonstrated that the modal thicknesses and mean thicknesses of level ice correlated with the sea-ice age, but that varying dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice growth conditions resulted in a rather heterogeneous sea-ice thickness distribution on scales of tens of kilometers. Taking all uncertainties into account, total sea-ice area and volume produced within the entire surveyed area were 52 650 km2 and 93.6 ± 26.6 km3. The surveyed polynya contributed 2.0 ± 0.5% of the sea-ice produced throughout the Arctic during the 2007/08 winter. The SAR-HEM volume estimate compares well with the 112 km3 ice production calculated with a~high-resolution ocean sea-ice model. Measured modal and mean-level ice thicknesses correlate with calculated freezing-degree-day thicknesses with a factor of 0.87–0.89, which was too low to justify the assumption of homogeneous thermodynamic growth conditions in the area, or indicates a strong dynamic thickening of level ice by rafting of even thicker ice.
Loop Rating Curves from Goodwin Creek

Two types of hysteresis loops have been observed on Goodwin Creek: those with a greater flow depth for a given discharge on the falling limb of the hydrograph (type 1) and those with a greater flow depth for a given discharge on the rising limb of the hydrograph (type 2). Causes of these 2 loop types are investigated in this paper. Introduction Determining the flow discharge of a stream accurately is essential for hydraulic and hydrological studies. Yet relationships between the depth of flow and flow discharge on streams are not unique. Loop rating curves have been described by many authors (e.g. Carey and Keller, 1957; Colby, 1960; Simons, Richardson, and Haushild, 1962; Combs and Flowers, 1977; Combs, 1991) usually with the depth of flow for a given discharge greater on the falling than on the rising limb of the hydrograph. In this study two types of hysteresis loops were identified for Goodwin Creek and the causes of these loops were investigated. Study Area The study site was at station 2 of the Goodwin Creek Research Watershed in north central Mississippi. The channel has a mean bed slope of 0.003, bed sediment with 050 = 8.3 mm (range 0.1 64 mm), and a drainage area of 17.9 km2 • At the site is a concrete supercritical flow flume which was designed to have a unique relationship between flow depth in the flume and flow discharge (Bowie and Sansom, 1986). Depth of flow in the channel was measured using four USGS bubble gages in a 91 m long straight reach of channel 63 m upstream of the flume. The bubble gages were connected to pressure transducers from which data were collected every minute by the remote 1Research Geologist and Research Hydraulic Engineer, respectively, USDA National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 741 Published in Hydraulic Engineering: Saving a Threatened Resource—In Search of Solutions: Proceedings of the Hydraulic Engineering sessions at Water Forum ’92. Baltimore, Maryland, August 2–6, 1992. Published by American Society of Civil Engineers. 742 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING telemetry system of the watershed. Flow depths from the bubble gages were related to flow discharges calculated from the recorded depth in the supercritical flow flume. Background It is generally agreed that there are two main causes of hysteresis loops in depth discharge relations. These are the dynamics of the flood wave and lags in the formation and destruction of bed forms (or other bed roughness elements) with the changing flow in the channel. The dynamics of the unsteady flow during a runoff event can be shown to result in a loop curve between depth and discharge. For a wide channel in which the vertical components of acceleration in the flow are small the following equation can be written:
Section A: Examining discursive constructions of mental illness in public mental health-related texts: A review of discourse analytic studies

2 Introduction 3 The Media and Representations of Mental Illness 3 Recent depictions of mental illness in the media 4 Discourse Analytic Theory and Mental Illness 4 Discourse Analytic Method, Research and Mental Illness 5 Types of discourse analysis 6 Rationale 6 Methodology 7 The quality of the studies 8 Results 8 Violence, risk, dangerousness, and criminality 10 Medical discourse 11 Individualism 13 The Patient, the Mentally Ill and the Service User 14 An “Us Versus Them” discourse 16 Administrative and managerial discourse 17 “Social context” 17 “Religion” 18 Discussion 19 Discourse analytic methodology and the studies 21 The “representativeness” of constructions of mental illness 22 “Taking sides,” researchers’ stances, and reflexivity 23 Situated texts and constructions 24 The complexity of discourse 24 Theoretical issues 25 Implications for Practice and Research 27 Implications for practice 27 Future research 28 Conclusion 29
Regional Effects of Monetary Policy in the Netherlands

This paper measures the impact of monetary policy shocks on regional and sectoral output in the Netherlands for the period 1973 to 1993. We document large regional and sectoral variation in monetary policy transmission. Our results support previous findings that the differential regional effects of monetary policy are significantly related to industrial composition. We also find that sectoral effects account for much more of the variation in interest sensitivity than regional effects. Finally, we explore whether sectors which react more strongly to interest rate shocks are compensated by higher returns.
Chilly Climates, Balancing Acts, and Shifting Pathways: What Happens to Women in STEM Doctoral Programs

Women in doctoral programs in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) leave without finishing at higher rates than men and, as with men, turn away from academic and research careers. This qualitative study examines the day-to-day influences on female doctoral students during their third or fourth year in physical science and engineering programs. Ethnographic cognitive interviewing and online incident reports document the specific experiences and reactions of 28 participants over a six-month period. The data were analyzed to identify key incidents, categories and recurring themes. Some incidents contributed to women’s growing sense of competence, recognition and identification of oneself as a scientist. Others fit a model of microaggressions and gender barriers in a predominantly masculine culture. Problems of work-life balance were demonstrated for some women. Incidents generated responses by some participants that they would disengage from a research-intensive career trajectory toward alternate career interests outside of academic research. The findings provide information about the lived experiences of women in doctoral programs and suggest that the metaphor of career pathways may be more useful than pipelines in explaining the direction of women who are advanced doctoral students in research-intensive fields.
Comparison of methods for evaluation of wood smoke and estimation of UK ambient concentrations

Abstract. Airborne concentrations of the wood smoke tracers, levoglucosan and fine potassium have been measured at urban and rural sites in the United Kingdom alongside measurements with a multi-wavelength aethalometer. The UK sites, and especially those in cities, show low ratios of levoglucosan to potassium in comparison to the majority of published data. It is concluded that there may be two distinct source types, one from wood stoves and fireplaces with a high organic carbon content, best represented by levoglucosan, the other from larger, modern appliances with a very high burn-out efficiency, best represented by potassium. Based upon levoglucosan concentrations and a conversion factor of 11.2 from levoglucosan to wood smoke mass, average concentrations of wood smoke including winter and summer sampling periods are 0.23 μg m −3 in Birmingham and 0.33 μg m −3 in London, well below concentrations typical of other northern European urban areas. There may be a further contribution from sources of potassium-rich emissions amounting to an estimated 0.08 μg m −3 in Birmingham and 0.30 μg m −3 in London. Concentrations were highly correlated between two London sites separated by 4 km suggesting that a regional source is responsible. Data from the aethalometer are either supportive of these conclusions or suggest higher concentrations, depending upon the way in which the data are analysed.
Optimisation of wheat-sprouted soybean flour bread using response surface methodology

The effect of sprouted soybean flour on wheat bread was studied. Sprouting significantly increased the vitamin C content of soybean flour from 2.0 mg kg-1 to 3.25 mg kg-1. The sprouted soybean flour resulted in increased loaf volume, a firmer, spongy and more elastic loaf. However, increasing the sprouted soybean flour beyond 10% adversely affected these qualities. The loaf with 4% yeast and 5% sprouted soybean was significantly rated better in taste and general acceptability than the control. Significant differences existed (p increase in protein, fibre and ash content of white bread. The quadratic polynomial regression model was adequate and acceptable at 0.05% for predicting the specific loaf volume and apparent yield stress. Response surface was saddle shaped for specific loaf volume where a maximum or minimum response is found at various combinations of the independent variables, corresponding to the optimal yeast (2.15%) and sprouted soybean flour (11.8%). Apparent yield stress value of 120 kN/m2 can be obtained from baking with yeast (2.4%) and sprouted soybean flour (10.6%).
A Study on Biofilm Phenotype and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Clinical Isolates from Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Biofilm is a sessile microbial community which is characterized by the cells having capacity to irreversibly attach to the substratum (either animate or inanimate) or to each other and being embedded in a matrix of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (Donlan et al., 2002). Biofilms enhance the virulence of an organism, thereby rendering a less virulent organism or an avirulent microbe with huge power of being virulent 2 . They are currently estimated to be responsible for over 65% of nosocomial infections and 80% of all microbial infections (Romling et al., 2012). Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common health care associated infection throughout the world, occurring due to one common reason of magnanimous usage of indwelling urinary catheters teamed with inappropriate antibiotic use (Majumder et al., 2014). The mechanism of such infections is mostly due to the inert nature of the catheter material which is susceptible to microbial colonization and formation of biofilm, thus enhancing the pathogenic effects (Trautner and Darouiche, 2004). Medically, biofilms decrease the antimicrobial susceptibility and render treatment difficult. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 1972-1977 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Gas exchange of field-grown "Vitis vinifera" L. cv. Zweigelt leaves in relation to leaf age and position along the stem

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the effects of leaf age and position along the stem on the seasonal evolution of photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of primary leaves of field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zweigelt) under natural growing conditions in the Pannonian climate.Methods and results: Single-leaf gas exchange measurements were carried out in three vineyards with different planting densities, training systems and canopy management in the Neusiedlersee region (Burgenland, Austria). From the beginning of leaf development until flowering, basal leaves in the fruiting zone showed the highest photosynthetic activity. After flowering until ripening, the zone with the highest photosynthetic activity continuously moved in the apical direction. Leaves reached their maximum photosynthetic activity 30 to 40 days after emergence, depending on investigation site and vineyard management. Due to sufficient water supply, photosynthesis of old leaves decreased slowly; thus 100 days after unfolding leaves still retained 65% to 75% of their maximum photosynthetic activity.Conclusion: The development of single-leaf photosynthesis in the Zweigelt grapevine corresponded to the results of prior investigations on other grape varieties. However, vineyard management strongly influenced the evolution of gas exchange during the growing period. Leaves from vines stressed by high crop load or poor canopy management showed early leaf senescence and a strong decline in photosynthetic activity after reaching maximum level. Well-watered leaves from shoot-thinned vines with moderate crop load and equal light exposure throughout the canopy exhibited high photosynthesis with a much slower decrease in older leaves.Significance and impact of the study: The results indicate that under favourable growing conditions ensured by adequate water supply and canopy management, basal leaves maintain good photosynthesis and WUE over a long period of time. Thus old leaves, as well, can contribute to the photosynthesis of the entire vine.
Media Sentiment and UK Stock Returns

This paper is the first to determine the effect that media sentiment has on stock returns for UK companies and tests whether there is any return predictability contained in the UK media sentiment data. We show that measures of positive and negative media sentiment have significant relationships with stock returns on the day news articles are published and that there is return predictability inherent in negative media sentiment the day following publication of media articles. We construct a news- based trading strategy to demonstrate the application of these results that earns significant positive abnormal returns.
The Hollow Ring of Donor Commitment: Country Concentration and the Decoupling of Aid‐Effectiveness Norms from Donor Practice

The fragmentation of a donor's foreign aid across too many recipient countries is widely believed to be detrimental to aid effectiveness. This article explores the origins of a new norm – recipient concentration – and assesses the extent to which it can be expected to improve aid effectiveness. It also examines 23 donors' actual record of country concentration, and finds that, though there are some potential explanations for donors' behaviour, their collective failure to implement country concentration has very little consequence in theory or in practice.