Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The multidecadal variability of air ‐ sea CO 2 fluxes in the North Atlantic under preindustrial atmospheric CO 2 conditions is simulated , using a coupled biogeochemical / circulation

[1] The multidecadal variability of air‐sea CO2 fluxes in the North Atlantic under preindustrial atmospheric CO2 conditions is simulated, using a coupled biogeochemical/ circulation model driven by long‐term surface forcing reconstructed from the leading modes of sea level pressure observations from 1850 to 2000. Heat fluxes are of great importance for the multidecadal CO2 fluctuations, about equal in magnitude to wind stress, in contrast to their less prominent role for CO2 flux variability on interannual timescales. Another difference, compared to higher frequencies, is the dominance of the North Atlantic Oscillation in driving the variability of the air‐sea CO2 fluxes. Two spatially distinct regimes lead to large anomalies in the CO2 fluxes but compensate to a large degree. The first regime is advective and has its clear signature southeast of Greenland while the second one, in the vicinity of the Labrador Sea and off Newfoundland, is convective. In both regimes, the multidecadal CO2 fluctuations are driven mainly by variations in temperature, salinity, and DIC content at the sea surface while the role of the biological pump is of minor importance in this particular model. The magnitude of the simulated multidecadal CO2 uptake changes is on the order of 0.02 Pg C/yr and amounts to 10–15% of the estimated annual anthropogenic CO2 uptake of the North Atlantic. Citation: Löptien, U. , and C. Eden (2010), Multidecadal CO2 uptake variability of the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D12113, doi:10.1029/2009JD012431.
The Impact of Enterprise Risk Management on Firm Performance: Evidence from Sri Lankan Banking and Finance Industry

This study explores the impact of the adoption of enterprise risk management (ERM) practices on firm performance. A sample of forty five banking and finance companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) was selected for this study and uses both primary and secondary data for the empirical analysis. The extent of adoption of ERM practices was assessed by using the ERM integrated framework of committee of sponsoring organization (COSO) of the Treadway Commission of USA. Return on equity (ROE) is used as a proxy to measure the firm performance and uses multivariate regression analysis to assess the impact of key ERM functions on firm performance. This study finds none of the eight key ERM functions suggested by the COSO’s ERM integrated framework has a significant impact on firm performance. Event identifications, risk assessment, risk response and information & communication indicate a positive impact on firm performance. However, none of those impacts were significant. Surprisingly, empirical evidence reveals that objective setting; event identification, control activities and monitoring of ERM functions have a negative, but not significant, impact on the firm performance. These findings induce the corporate managers to pay a close attention to the cost-benefits considerations when designing and implementing ERM practices and not heavily relied upon and extensively invest on ERM as a vehicle for creating firm value.
Molecular mechanisms of cancer predisposition in HNPCC/Lynch syndrome

11 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 13 1 Cancer . 13 2 Cancer Genetics . 15 2.1 Oncogenes and tumor suppressors . 15 2.2 Genetic instability . 15 2.3 Cancer epigenetics . 19 3 Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes . 20 3.1 Lynch syndrome . 22 4 Tissue specificity in hereditary cancer syndromes . 26 4.1 Tissue specificity & MMR defect . 28
Can the New Keynesian Phillips Curve Explain Inflation Gap Persistence?

Whelan (2007) found that the generalized Calvo-sticky-price model fails to replicate a typical feature of the empirical reduced-form Phillips curve  the positive dependence of ination on its own lags. In this paper, I show that it is the 4-period-Taylor-contract hazard function he chose that gives rise to this result. In contrast, an empirically-based aggregate price reset hazard function can generate simulated data that are consistent with ination gap persistence found in US CPI data. I conclude that a non-constant price reset hazard plays a crucial role for generating realistic ination dynamics. JEL classi cation: E12; E31
Income Inequality in Transitional Urban China: The Effect of Market versus State

The rise of inequality in China is one of the most serious social problems in the reform era in China. Previous studies have debated the relative importance of human capital, political capital, and other factors in determining personal income. Using a new dataset from 2006 China General Social Survey (CGSS, 2006), the first author replicates earlier tests to measure whether the market or state has more impact on incomes as a way to the competing hypotheses related to human versus political capital. The results of the ordinary least squares regression analysis show no significance in party membership, state ownership, and work experience, while the first author does find high returns to education, which supports Nee’s market transition theory. Moreover, the findings indicate that market sectors, including domestic private enterprises and foreign enterprises have remarkable advantages in earnings, and there is a great income gap between different regions, sectors, and within the sectors. To summarize, the market and state play a dual role in determining income in transitional urban China.
The Value of Corporate Risk Management

We model and estimate the value of corporate risk management. We show how risk management can add value when revenues and costs are nonlinearly related to prices and estimate the model by regressing quarterly firm sales and costs on the second and higher moments of output and input prices. For a sample of 34 oil refiners, we find that hedging concave revenues and leaving concave costs exposed each represent between 2% and 3% of firm value. We validate our approach by regressing Tobin's q on the estimated value and level of risk management and find results consistent with the model.
Sources of Seeds and Reasons of Low Seed Replacement Rate of Paddy Seed: A Case Study in Assam

The seed being the fundamental input in crop production; its high quality forms the basis of high productivity. Therefore, farmers should grow certified seed. However, for maintaining genetic purity, certified seed should be used for three years only in the case of paddy. After that, new certified seed should be used. For that purpose, seed should be replaced periodically with certified seed. Economically, the cost of seed is a very small component of the total cost of production. However, for more production, quality seeds should be used by the farmers. In Assam, the Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) in case of paddy is below the desirable scientific level. Therefore, it is important to identify different seed sources and reasons behind the low seed replacement rate and hence, a study was attempted. It is observed that among different seed sources, important sources are self-retained seed. Fellow farmers, friends and relatives, Assam Seed Corporation, Assam Agricultural University and its various research stations, Krishi Vigyan Kendra and State Department of Agriculture were some other sources. It is also observed that there were different reasons due to which farmer do not maintain seed replacement rate for paddy. Important reasons were lack of awareness about SRR, economic status of farmer, farm size, inadequate supply of seed, traditional way of cultivation, too much depending on farm saved seed, high prices of certified seeds, isolated from market services, poor extension services, etc.
Adoption of reverse logistics in south Australian construction projects: major drivers

This paper aims to investigate and analyse the perceptions of South Australian construction practitioners on drivers associated with adoption of reverse logistics (RL). To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight practitioners to collect data and the interview transcripts were analysed using the NVivo (version 10) software package. The study takes advantage of integration of qualitative and quantitative analysis of interview transcripts to rank the drivers on the basis of their relative importance. Results suggested that factors associated with regulations and obligations could act as the most important drivers to promote adoption of RL. The drivers associated with financial gains were identified as the second important category of drivers in RL adoption. Furthermore, environmental concerns were regarded as “slightly important” for practitioners in the South Australian construction context. The study concludes with presenting a model mapping the factors affecting the level of influence of drivers in construction projects in South Australia (SA).
On a pore-scale stationary diffusion equation: Scaling effects and correctors for the homogenization limit

In this paper, we consider a microscopic semi-linear elliptic equation posed in periodically perforated domains and associated with the Fourier-type condition on internal micro-surfaces. The first contribution of this work is the construction of a reliable linearization scheme that allows us, by choice of scale arguments and stabilization constant, to prove the weak solvability of the microscopic model. Asymptotic behaviors of solution with respect to the microscale parameter are thoroughly investigated in the second step, based on several cases of scalings. Following this path, we encapsulate such behaviors in the derivation of convergence rates in the microscopic domain. As an outcome of homogenization for multiscale elliptic problems, we derive the corresponding macroscopic equation whenever the scaling choices are compatible. Moreover, we prove a high-order corrector estimates for the homogenization limit in the energy space $H^1$; one of the main ingredients for the error analysis of the so-called multiscale finite element method. Our working techniques rely on a variational framework with distinctive types of two-scale asymptotic expansions to carry out energy-like estimates. A numerical example is provided to corroborate the asymptotic analysis.
A Self-Consistent Model for Thermal Oxidation of Silicon at Low Oxide Thickness

Thermal oxidation of silicon belongs to the most decisive steps in microelectronic fabrication because it allows creating electrically insulating areas which enclose electrically conductive devices and device areas, respectively. Deal and Grove developed the first model (DG-model) for the thermal oxidation of silicon describing the oxide thickness versus oxidation time relationship with very good agreement for oxide thicknesses of more than 23 nm. Their approach named as general relationship is the basis of many similar investigations. However, measurement results show that the DG-model does not apply to very thin oxides in the range of a few nm. Additionally, it is inherently not self-consistent. The aim of this paper is to develop a self-consistent model that is based on the continuity equation instead of Fick’s law as the DG-model is. As literature data show, the relationship between silicon oxide thickness and oxidation time is governed—down to oxide thicknesses of just a few nm—by a power-of-time law. Given by the time-independent surface concentration of oxidants at the oxide surface, Fickian diffusion seems to be neglectable for oxidant migration. The oxidant flux has been revealed to be carried by non-Fickian flux processes depending on sites being able to lodge dopants (oxidants), the so-called DOCC-sites, as well as on the dopant jump rate.
The changing and different patterns of urban redevelopment in China: a study of three inner-city neighborhoods

China's urban growth is phenomenal, but some studies tend to see it as a consistent macro process without much turbulence at the micro levels. This article examines inner-city redevelopment in China by analyzing the cases of three types of neighborhoods: a work-unit compound, a historic quarter, and an urban village. It discusses how these projects were implemented, which actors were involved, and who the beneficiaries were. It argues that different patterns of redevelopment were applied in individual redevelopment projects, although all of these projects were property led. The local state's considerations when applying a particular pattern depends on institutional abilities, arrangements, recourses, and aims, as well as the power relations between the state, market, and community. A comparison of processes and outcomes shows that a top-down approach applied through delegated agencies or the immediate authority of the local state tends to implement redevelopment in a coalition with developers instead of considering the benefits for the affected residents and the preservation of the values of historic neighborhoods. In contrast, the bottom-up approach to the redevelopment of urban villages empowers the collective and villagers and enables them to benefit relatively more from the project. The local state has changed its role from an administrator to a facilitator, and has made significant economic concessions to advance the project in the context of significant policy changes in recent years.
Effects of IBA, NAA and GA3 on rooting and morphological features of Ginkgo biloba Linn. stem cuttings

This study analyzed the potential of production Ginkgo biloba Linn. using stem cuttings. Three different Hormones (IBA, NAA, and GA3) along with control condition were applied to the cuttings, with and without buds, in three doses (1000mg/L, 2000 mg/L and 3000 mg/L) and after one growing season, Eight morphological characteristics of newly generated plants were detected, and a statistical analysis was carried out. All the application developed more number of roots than that of the control group, while all the applications developed longer roots compared to the control group, and the roots of the saplings developed with the 2000 mg/L IBA application were twice longer than those of the control group indicates that the hormone application have a great effect on root development.
Meta-Analytic Studies of Identity Status and the Relational Issues of Attachment and Intimacy

Marcia's ego identity status model has been a popular means of examining various dimensions of the adolescent identity formation process over the past 40 years. The purpose of this investigation was to undertake a meta-analysis of studies addressing the relationship between Marcia's identity statuses and attachment (Study 1) and intimacy (Study 2). The following databases were used to identify relevant studies reported between 1966 and 2005: PsycINFO, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts International. Some 14 investigations served as the data for Study 1 and 21 investigations for Study 2. Results from Study 1 found weak to moderate correlations between attachment styles and the identity statuses; however, certain predicted patterns in the relationships were found. Furthermore, the mean proportion of secure attachment was far higher among the identity achieved compared to foreclosures and diffusions. Study 2 showed a positive association between identity and intimacy status, although the relationship was stronger for men than women.
AGGRESSIVE HUSBANDS ’ AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO WOMEN

The present study explored how men’s attentional disengagement, affective reactions, and inferential bias contribute to their wife–directed aggression. We used signal detection analyses, the standard–stimulus empathic accuracy paradigm, and mediation analyses to replicate and extend findings by Schweinle, Ickes, and Bernstein (2002). The results indicated that more aggressive husbands appear to maintain their bias to overattribute criticism and rejection (C/R–O Bias) to women through two independent mechanisms: emotional countercontagion, in the form of contemptuous feelings, and attentional disengagement (i.e., “tuning out”) when a woman expresses herself. These findings inform our theoretical understanding of abusive husbands’ social cognition and have important implications for future research and intervention.
Genetic polymorphism of five genes associated with growth traits in goat

Genetic polymorphism studies in domestic animals aim at evaluating genetic variations within and across breeds mainly for conservation purposes. In this study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect polymorphisms of five candidate genes in four Egyptian and Saudi goat breeds (Barki, Zaribi, Ardi and Masri), to detect the genotype of GH, IGF1, POUIF1, MSTN and BMP15 genes in the goat breeds and their allele frequencies. Results of GH gene which encloses a Haelll endonuclease restriction site show four unique PCR-RFLP banding patterns (genotypes AA, AB, CC and CD). The frequencies of the A allele in the samples from the goat breeds varied from 0.410 to 0.620. While IGF-1gene revealed three fragments after digestion with Haelll with genotype AA, AB and BB and the frequencies of allele A varied from 0.432 to 0.731. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP of POUIF1 gene showed two fragments after digestion by Pst1 endonuclease with genotype TT and CC and the frequencies of allele T varied from 0.250 to 0.840. The MSTN gene revealed three fragments after digestion with DraI with genotype AA, BB and AB and the frequencies of allele A varied from 0.240 to 0.630. Meanwhile, the BMP15 gene revealed one fragments of 112 bp for AA after digestion with Hinf1 enzyme. Key words : Goats, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), GH, IGF-1, POUIF1, MSTN, BMP-15.
Biological control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Guadeloupe by imported Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Introduction. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is particu- larly harmful to citrus plantations as it is one of the two psyllid vectors of the citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing. This disease, which limits the longevity of trees, is due to an intra- cellular bacterium which mainly affects the phloem. Past experience of biological control of D. citri in Reunion Island. In Reunion Island, this disease, detected in 1967, was the main obstacle to the development of the cultivation of citrus fruit. Control of the vector D. citri, by introducing from India and multiplying on site the specific parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston), was carried out during 1978 when nearly 4600 adult parasitoids were released. The success of T. radiata combined with the distribution of healthy plant material was at the origin of the revival of the cultivation of citrus fruit in Reunion Island. Programme for a biological control of D. citri in Guadeloupe. In Guadeloupe, D. citri was reported in Jan- uary 1998. No trace of insect parasitism was found and only one fungus, Hirsutella citriformis Speare, proved, under certain conditions, capable of regulating the populations of this psyl- lid. Taking into account the experience in Reunion Island and that the greening disease has not shown up in Guadeloupe, the introduction of T. radiata from Reunion Island was made in January 1999. About 1000 T. radiata were released all over the Guadeloupe islands. At pres- ent, just a little more than 1 year after the last releases, the parasitoid is established and pres- ent in almost all the citrus orchards where psyllid populations have decreased considerably. Quite favorable biological characteristics play a great part in explaining the excellent effec- tiveness of T. radiata in biological control programmes against D. citri. France (Reunion) / France (Guadeloupe) / Citrus / Diaphorina citri / Tamarixia radiata / insect control / biological control organisms
The Renaissance of Community-Based Marine Resource Management in Oceania

■ Abstract Twenty-five years ago, the centuries-old Pacific Island practice of community-based marine resource management (CBMRM) was in decline, the victim of various impacts of westernization. During the past two decades, however, this decline has reversed in various island countries. Today CBMRM continues to grow, refuting the claim that traditional non-Western attitudes toward nature cannot provide a sound foundation for contemporary natural resource management. Limited entry, marine protected areas, closed areas, closed seasons, and restrictions on damaging or overly efficient fishing methods are some of the methods being used. Factors contributing to the upsurge include a growing perception of scarcity, the restrengthening of traditional village-based authority, and marine tenure by means of legal recognition and government support, better conservation education, and increasingly effective assistance, and advice from regional and national governments and NGOs. Today’s CBMRM is thus a form of cooperative management, but one in which the community still makes and acts upon most of the management decisions.
Exact Lagrangian immersions with a single double point

Let k > 2. We show that if a closed orientable 2k-manifold K, with Euler characteristic not equal to -2, admits an exact Lagrangian immersion into complex Euclidean 2k-space with one transverse double point and no other self-intersections, then K is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere. The proof combines Floer homological arguments with a detailed study of moduli spaces of holomorphic disks with boundary in a monotone Lagrangian submanifold obtained by Lagrange surgery on K.
Attachment Styles and Relationship Intensity Parasocial Break-Up from Favorite Television Characters : The Role of

This study examined the responses of television viewers to the potential loss of their favorite television characters. A sample of 381 Israeli adults completed questionnaires, including questions about their relationships with their favorite characters, how they would react if those characters were taken off the air, and their attachment styles. Results showed that viewers expecting to lose their favorite characters anticipate negative reactions similar to those experienced after the dissolution of social relationships. These reactions were related both to the intensity of the parasocial relationship with the favorite character and to the viewers’ attachment style. Anxious–ambivalently attached respondents anticipated the most negative responses. The results are discussed in light of their contribution to attachment research and as evidence of the similarity between parasocial relationships and close social relationships.
Growth response in a Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine stand after thinning of lodgepole pine by the mountain pine beetle: A case study

Diameter growth response was measured in a mixed stand of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Doug! ex Loud , and interior Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco, in the Cariboo Forest Region of British Columbia, 14 years after an outbreak of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, killed 76% of the pine. Nearly all Douglas-fir and a large proportion of the lodgepole pine responded to the beetle-induced thinning with a diameter growth increase which persisted 14 years after the infestation . Douglas-fir trees gained an average 1.4 em or 11.7 % in diameter over the estimated size the trees would have reached in the absence of the thinning effect . Annual growth rates of Douglas-fir in the post-outbreak period averaged 2% per year without the beetle-induced thinning and 2.9% after thinning. The surviving lodgepole pine trees gained an average 1 em or 5.4% in diameter over the size the trees would have reached in the absence of the thinning effect. In the post-outbreak period, annual diameter growth rates of the pine doubled from 0.4% per year without the thinning , to 0.8% per year with thinning . The thinning response in Douglas-fir was inversely related to the initial diameter and age of the trees at the start of the infestation but that of pine was not.