Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonmalignant breast lesions: ADCs of benign and high-risk subtypes assessed as false-positive at dynamic enhanced MR imaging.

PURPOSE To evaluate the diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging characteristics of nonmalignant lesion subtypes assessed as false-positive findings at conventional breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study had institutional review board approval, and the need for informed patient consent was waived. Lesions assessed as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 or 5 at clinical dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging that subsequently proved nonmalignant at biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred seventy-five nonmalignant breast lesions in 165 women were evaluated. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) from DW imaging (b = 0, 600 sec/mm(2)) were calculated for each lesion and were compared between subtypes and with an ADC threshold of 1.81 × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (determined in a prior study to achieve 100% sensitivity). RESULTS Eighty-one (46%) lesions exhibited ADCs greater than the predetermined threshold. The most prevalent lesion subtypes with mean ADCs above the threshold were fibroadenoma ([1.94 ± 0.38 {standard deviation}] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 30), focal fibrosis ([1.84 ± 0.48] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 19), normal tissue ([1.81 ± 0.47] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 13), apocrine metaplasia ([2.01 ± 0.38] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 13), usual ductal hyperplasia ([1.83 ± 0.49] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 12), and inflammation ([1.95 ± 0.46] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 10). Atypical ductal hyperplasia ([1.48 ± 0.36] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 23) was the most common lesion subtype with ADC below the threshold. Lymph nodes exhibited the lowest mean ADC of all nonmalignant lesions ([1.28 ± 0.23] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec; n = 4). High-risk lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia and lobular neoplasia) showed significantly lower ADCs than other benign lesions (P < .0001) and were the most common lesions with ADCs below the threshold. CONCLUSION Assessing ADC along with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging features may decrease the number of avoidable false-positive findings at breast MR imaging and reduce the number of preventable biopsies. The ability of DW imaging to help differentiate high-risk lesions requiring additional work-up from other nonmalignant subtypes may further improve patient care. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12112672/-/DC1.
Error Performances of 64-ary Triangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation in AWGN Channel

It is well known that the square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) has been widely used as a modulation technique for digital communication systems due to its simple detection in spite that the power efficiency of the square QAM is not optimum. The newly proposed 16-ary triangular QAM provides considerable power gain while keeping low detection complexity. In this paper, we propose two 64-ary signal constellations with triangular structure and suggest their detection methods. We also consider bit stream mapping method to obtain the bit error rates of proposed modulations. Theoretically, the two signal constellations provide power gains of 0.55 dB and 0.76 dB over the square QAM, respectively.
Energy Efficiency Scaling Law of Massive MIMO Systems

Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) can support high spectral efficiency with simple linear transceivers, and is expected to provide high energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we analyze the scaling laws of EE with respect to the number of antennas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at each base station of downlink multi-cell massive MIMO systems under spatially correlated channel, where both transmit and circuit power consumptions, channel estimation errors, and pilot contamination (PC) are taken into account. We obtain the maximal EE for the systems with maximum-ratio transmission and zero-forcing beamforming for given numbers of antennas and users by optimizing the transmit power subject to the minimal data rate requirement and maximal transmit power constraint. The closed-form expressions of approximated EE-maximal transmit power and maximal EE, and their scaling laws with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are derived. Our analysis shows that the maximal EE scales with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}({\log _{2}M}/{M})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the system without PC, and in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}({1}/{M})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the system with PC. The EE-maximal transmit power scales up with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(\sqrt {M/{\ln M}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> until reaching the maximal transmit power for the system without PC, and in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the system with PC. The analytical results are validated by simulations under a more realistic 3D channel model.
A Conserved Mechanism for Controlling the Translation of β-F1-ATPase mRNA between the Fetal Liver and Cancer Cells*

To characterize the mechanisms governing the biogenesis of mitochondria in cancer, we studied the mitochondrial phenotype and the mechanisms controlling the expression of the β subunit of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) gene in the rat FAO and AS30D hepatomas. When compared with normal adult rat liver, the relative cellular content of the mitochondrial β-F1-ATPase and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as of mitochondrial DNA, was severely reduced in both cell lines. A paradoxical increase in the cellular abundance of β-F1-ATPase mRNA was observed in cancer cells. Run-on transcription assays and the estimation of mRNA half-lives revealed that the increased abundance of β-F1-ATPase mRNA results from the stabilization of the transcript in cancer. In vitro translation assays revealed a specific inhibition of the synthesis of the β-precursor when translation reactions were carried out in the presence of extracts derived from cancer cells. The inhibitory effect was recapitulated using an RNA chimera that contained the 3′-untranslated region of β-F1-ATPase mRNA. Hepatoma extracts also contained an increased activity of the developmentally regulated translation-inhibitory proteins that bind the 3′-untranslated region of β-F1-ATPase mRNA. The results indicate that the expression of this gene in hepatoma cells is controlled by the same mechanisms that regulate its expression in the liver during fetal development.
Biomass fuel exposure and asthma symptoms among rural school children in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Background: Approximately 70% of rural Nigerian households rely on biomass fuels for cooking. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) estimates the prevalence of current wheeze among children in Nigeria to have risen from 10.7% in 1999 to approximately 20% in 2014. Objective: To examine the effects of biomass smoke exposure on asthma symptom prevalence in rural children in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in rural communities in Nigeria. Asthma symptoms were defined according to ISAAC definitions. Biomass smoke exposure was determined by the types of fuel used for cooking. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between biomass smoke and asthma symptoms. Results: The study population comprised 1,690 school children, of which 865 lived in households cooking with biomass and 825 lived in households not using biomass. Asthma symptoms were reported in 481 (28.5%) children. Biomass fuel was associated with increased odds of asthma symptoms. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.05–1.80) for nocturnal cough, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.00–1.61) for current wheeze, and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.05–1.69) for report of any asthma-related symptoms. Sex modified the associations between asthma symptoms with biomass fuel: aORs were stronger and significant for males (nocturnal cough = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.24–2.76; current wheeze = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.03–2.13; report of any asthma-related symptoms = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12–2.28), but weaker and non-significant for females.Conclusion: The risk of asthma symptoms related to biomass smoke exposure appears to differ by sex.
Comparison of the subjective effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and marijuana in humans.

RATIONALE There has been controversy about whether the subjective, behavioral or therapeutic effects of whole plant marijuana differ from the effects of its primary active ingredient, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, few studies have directly compared the effects of marijuana and THC using matched doses administered either by the smoked or the oral form. OBJECTIVE Two studies were conducted to compare the subjective effects of pure THC to whole-plant marijuana containing an equivalent amount of THC in normal healthy volunteers. In one study the drugs were administered orally and in the other they were administered by smoking. METHODS In each study, marijuana users (oral study: n=12, smoking study: n=13) participated in a double-blind, crossover design with five experimental conditions: a low and a high dose of THC-only, a low and a high dose of whole-plant marijuana, and placebo. In the oral study, the drugs were administered in brownies, in the smoking study the drugs were smoked. Dependent measures included the Addiction Research Center Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, visual analog items, vital signs, and plasma levels of THC and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC. RESULTS In both studies, the active drug conditions resulted in dose-dependent increases in plasma THC levels, and the levels of THC were similar in THC-only and marijuana conditions (except that at the higher oral dose THC-only produced slightly higher levels than marijuana). In both the oral study and the smoking study, THC-only and whole plant marijuana produced similar subjective effects, with only minor differences. CONCLUSION These results support the idea that the psychoactive effects of marijuana in healthy volunteers are due primarily to THC.
The efficacy of an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique on upper trapezius trigger points in subjects with non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Currently, large levels of practice variability exist regarding the clinical deactivation of trigger points. Manual physical therapy has been identified as a potential means of resolving active trigger points; however, to date the ideal treatment approach has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of two manual treatment regimens on individuals with upper trapezius trigger points. Sixty patients, 19–38 years of age with non-specific neck pain and upper trapezius trigger points, were randomized into one of two, 4 week physical therapy programs. One group received muscle energy techniques while the second group received an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT) consisting of muscle energy techniques, ischemic compression, and strain–counterstrain (SCS). Outcomes including a visual analog pain scale (VAS), the neck disability index (NDI), and lateral cervical flexion range of motion (ROM) were collected at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Results revealed large pre–post-effect sizes within the INIT group (Cohen's d = 0.97, 0.94 and 0.97). Additionally, significantly greater improvements in pain and neck disability and lateral cervical flexion ROM were detected in favor of the INIT group (0.29–0.57, 0.57–1.12 and 0.29–0.57) at a 95% CI respectively. The findings of this study indicate the potential benefit of an integrated approach in deactivating upper trapezius trigger points. Further research should be performed to investigate the long-term benefits of the current treatment approach.
50-Hz electromagnetic environment and the incidence of childhood tumors in Stockholm County.

The magnetic fields from overhead power lines and other electromagnetic sources were determined at the birth and diagnosis dwellings of all tumor cases reported in the county of Stockholm during the years 1958-73 for individuals 0-18 years of age. The study was limited to 716 cases having a permanent address in the county both at time of birth and diagnosis. An equivalent number of controls was matched to the cases according to church district of birth, age, and sex. Outside each dwelling, the occurrence of visible electrical constructions (6-200-kV high-voltage wires, substations, transformers, electric railroads, and subways) within 150 m of the dwelling was noted. Also, the 50-Hz magnetic field was measured outside the main entrance of the dwelling. Visible 200-kv wires were noted at 45 of 2,098 dwellings and were found twice as frequently among cases as among controls (P less than .05). The magnetic field measured at the dwelling varied between 0.0004 to 1.9 microT (mean value 0.069 microT). The magnetic field was higher (0.22 microT) at dwellings with visible 200-kV wires than at those without such wires. Magnetic fields of 0.3 microT or more were measured at 48 dwellings, and were found twice as frequently among cases as among controls (P less than .05). The difference was most pronounced for dwellings of nervous system tumors and was less for leukemias.
Effects of Professional Support on Nausea, Vomiting, and Quality of Life During Early Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a professional support (PS) intervention (including individualized health education and supportive phone calls) in reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting (NV) and improving the quality of life (QOL) of women in early pregnancy. An experimental pretest/posttest design with a control group was used. Participants were recruited from a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. The women in the experimental group (n = 40) received the PS intervention, while those in the control group (n = 39) only received routine nursing care. Analysis of covariance and mixed models were used to compare the experimental and control groups while adjusting for covariates. The severity of NV and the perceived level of symptom distress were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group during weeks 2 and 4, and the women in the experimental group showed a significant improvement in their QOL in week 4 (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in body weight at week 4 (p = .501). These findings provide empirical evidence in support of the effectiveness of PS in reducing the severity of NV and improving QOL for women during early pregnancy. This intervention could be routinely applied in prenatal nursing health education. Future studies could apply the concept of PS to different populations and health issues.
Reaction Time to Vibrotactile Messages on Different Types of Soil

This study investigates the Reaction Time (RT) to vibrotactile messages presented under the foot plantar on different types of soil. We determine whether reaction time varies while walking on different types of soil (mobile situation). A total of six young participants (n=6) aged between 21 and 28 took part firstly in this study where they had to walk on five types of soil (concrete, carpet, foam, gravel, and sand). The methodology includes 360 repeated measures. The findings have consistently revealed a decrease of reaction time to vibrotactile messages when walking on the three deformable soils (foam, gravel, and sand).
Alterations in DNA Repair Efficiency are Involved in the Radioresistance of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract To study radioresistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma, we generated an isogenic cell line model by exposing OE33 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells to clinically relevant fractionated doses of radiation (cumulative dose 50 Gy). A clonogenic assay confirmed enhanced survival of the radioresistant OE33 subline (OE33 R). To our knowledge, we are the first to generate an isogenic model of radioresistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma. This model system was characterized in terms of growth, cell cycle distribution and checkpoint operation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation and scavenging, and DNA damage. While similar properties were found for both the parental OE33 (OE33 P) cells and radioresistant OE33 R cells, OE33 R cells demonstrated greater repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Our results suggest that the radioresistance of OE33 R cells is due at least in part to increased DNA repair.
A Method for Detection of Blood Flow in the Dental Pulp

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA UN METHODO PRO LE DETECTION DE FLUXO DE SANGUINE IN LE PULPA DENTAL. —Con le objectivo de deteger sanguine in fluxo in pulpa dental de dentes intacte, un cellula photoconductive e un fonte de lumine esseva montate in un dispositivo special characterisate per le stabilitate e le armatura necessari pro registrationes a alte ganio. Registrationes esseva obtenite ab dentes canin de juvene canes. Le fluxo de sanguine oxygenate ad in le pulpa con le pulso cardiac individual causava un transiente augmento del densitate optic que esseva synchrone con le electrocardiogramma. Occlusion del ipsilateral arteria carotidic o injection de solution salin normal ad in illo causava un declino del densitate optic.
A comparative study of cloaking of metal objects from electromagnetic pulses

The possibility of making objects invisible has always intrigued the imagination of people. The emergence of metamaterials in the 21st century has enabled the realization of devices capable of reducing the total scattering cross sections of various objects when they are illuminated by electromagnetic waves [1,2]. In this paper we study the cloaking capabilities of three different cloaking devices, namely, the transmission-line (TL) cloak [3], the metal-plate (MP) cloak [4], and the coordinate-transformation (CT) cloak [2]. When cloaking objects situated in free space, all of these devices exhibit frequency dispersion which will inevitably distort any pulse that travels within the cloaks. Since the coordinate-transformation cloak consists of an anisotropic material with some of the components of the relative permittivity and/or permeability being below 1, this cloak is inherently strongly dispersive, whereas the operation of the TL and MP cloaks is not based on resonances or resonant materials and they are thus expected to exhibit only mild dispersion.
Weather variability and paediatric infectious gastroenteritis

SUMMARY Investigations of the relationship between weather variability and infectious gastroenteritis (IG) are becoming increasingly important in light of international interest in the potential health effects of climate change. However, few studies have examined the impact on children, despite the fact that children are considered particularly vulnerable to climate change. We acquired data about cases of IG in children aged <15 years and about weather variability in Fukuoka, Japan from 2000 to 2008 and used time-series analyses to assess how weather variability affected IG cases, adjusting for confounding factors. The temperature–IG relationship had an inverted V shape, with fewer cases at temperatures lower and higher than ~13°C. Every 1°C increase in temperature below the threshold (13°C) was associated with a 23·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16·6–30·2] increase, while every 1°C increase in temperature above the threshold (13°C) was associated with an 11·8% (95% CI 6·6–17·3) decrease in incidence. The increase in cases per 1% drop in relative humidity was 3·9% (95% CI 2·8–5·0). The percentage increase of IG cases was greatest in the 0–4 years age group and tended to decrease with increasing age. We found a progressive reduction in weather-related IG cases in children aged >4 years. Our results suggest that public health interventions aimed at controlling weather-related IG may be most effective when focused on young children.
Towards an understanding of the atomic scale magnetic contrast formation in NC-AFM: a tip material dependent MExFM study on NiO(001)

Recently, magnetic exchange force microscopy (MExFM) was established as a new force microscopy based technique capable of imaging arrangements of magnetic moments with atomic resolution on NiO(001). However, before this final achievement many unsuccessful experiments were performed on this particular sample system, and it is still not entirely clear which factors are important to attain an atomic scale magnetic contrast. Varying the tip’s magnetic properties, we investigate the contrast formation on NiO(001). Fe-, Ni- and Gd-coated tips yielded a chemical contrast between Ni and O atoms, but a magnetic signal between Ni atoms with magnetic moments pointing in the opposite direction could only be observed with out-of-plane sensitive Fe-coated tips. Our observations suggest that three factors are crucial to obtain a sufficiently large magnetic signal: (i) a large overlap between the spin-carrying electronic states, (ii) a collinear orientation between the magnetic moments and (iii) a large magnetic moment.
Fertilization and cleavage of rhesus monkey oocytes in vitro.

Fertilization in vitro of rhesus oocytes has been performed in order to provide a model for the study of primate embryonic development. Rhesus monkeys were superstimulated by daily injections of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) for 12 days beginning Days 3-5 of menses. An injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was given 24 h after the last PMSG injection to induce oocyte maturation. Laparoscopic aspiration of 106 follicles approximately 30 h after hCG injection yielded 87 oocytes (82% recovery). Fifty-three of these oocytes (62%) were enclosed in loose (expanded) cumulus oophorus. Washed, ejaculated rhesus spermatozoa (20 X 106 /ml) were preincubated for 4-6 h in a modified Tyrode’s solution, then diluted (1/10) into 100-M1 culture drops containing oocytes, and caffeine and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM each). In later experiments, these chemicals were added to the sperm suspensions during the last 1.5 h of preincubation, so that they became diluted 1/10 (final concentrations 0.1 mM each) in the fertilization drops. Sperm and oocytes were coincubated for 18-24 h, then oocytes were either fixed or transferred to fresh culture medium. In 9 experiments a total of 70 rhesus oocytes were inseminated in vitro. Total results for 5 experiments were 13/30 oocytes (43%) showing signs consistent with fertilization (sperm in vitellus and/or more than 1 pronucleus or early stages of cleavage). Four more experiments yielded confirmatory evidence of fertilization. When oocytes were inseminated with live sperm that had been preincubated with caffeine and dibutyryl cAMP, 23/29 oocytes (79%) cleaved at least once; 20 of these developed to the 8-cell stage or further. A further 11 oocytes, randomly selected from the pool of available eggs in the 4 experiments, were inseminated under identical conditions with killed sperm. None of these oocytes showed activation, cleavage or fragmentation during culture for 48-73 h. Activation of oocytes and cleavage resulted only from interaction with live sperm, indicating that fertilization was in progress or had been completed.
Clinical characteristics of patients with autoimmune hepatitis seropositive for anticentromere antibody

Aim: Recent studies have revealed that primary biliary cirrhosis patients with anticentromere antibody (ACA) commonly develop portal hypertension. However, the clinical characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain uncertain. We investigated the clinical features of patients with AIH seropositive for ACA (ACA‐AIH), comparing them with those of patients with AIH seropositive for other immunofluorescent patterns of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (other‐AIH).