Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a ski and snowboard injury prevention program

The objective was to study the effectiveness of a brochure and video at improving skiing and snowboarding knowledge. Sixty-nine Grade 7 students were randomised to an educational intervention (n = 35) or control (n = 34) group. The intervention group viewed an injury prevention video aimed at improving skiers and snowboarder's knowledge, attitudes and behaviours about ski and snowboard safety and received a brochure. The control group participated in a teaching session and had a simple question and answer session about snow sports. Pre- and post-tests were administered and injuries during four trips were documented. Pre-test scores were similar between the two groups. Compared with the control group, there was a significantly greater improvement in post-test scores among the intervention group (WMD: 2.1; 95% CI: 0.19–4.01). There was no significant difference in injury rates (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.04, 3.39). All injuries were minor and did not require medical attention. The intervention aimed at youth skiers and snowboarders appears to be effective at improving knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of skiing and snowboarding safety.
Non-Audit Services And The Persistence And Market Pricing Of Earnings: Evidence From Korea

We examine the effects of the concurrent provision of audit and non-audit services on auditor independence using earnings persistence, which is one of the qualitative properties of earnings, as well as related market responses. Empirical results are as follows. First, the accruals persistence of the group that is concurrently provided audit and non-audit services in many cases is shown to be lower than that of the group that is not concurrently provided audit and non-audit services. Second, the phenomenon of low accruals persistence of the group that is concurrently provided a lot of audit and non-audit services is shown to be overestimated in the market. This study contributes to existing research in three main respects. First, from the viewpoint of earnings persistence, it is verified that rather than whether non-audit services are provided or not, the level of non-audit services acts as an important factor in determining damage to auditor independence by the concurrent provision of audit and non-audit services. Second, in relation to market rationality, whether the market appropriately reflects changes in the persistence of earnings and accruals according to whether non-audit services are provided or not is analyzed. Third, through additional analysis, it is verified that differences in the persistence of earnings and accruals among groups that are concurrently provided audit and non-audit services vary with the audit environment.
The moderating role of consumer characteristics in the relationship between website quality and perceived usefulness

Purpose – Online group buying (OGB) websites have rapidly increased in number in recent years and have become an interesting model for online transactions. Previous studies have shown that consumers’ individual characteristics are critical in group buying participation and the perceived usefulness (PU) of an information system, whereas the role of consumer characteristics on the OGB website-quality-PU relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether consumer characteristics (i.e. gender and utilitarian orientation) moderate the OGB website-quality-PU relationship. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 658 OGB website consumers participated in this study. Data were analysed by employing hierarchical moderated regression method. Findings – The primary findings are as follows. First, the effect of system quality on consumer PU of the OGB website was stronger for male consumers than for female consumers. Second, the effect of information quality on PU was stronger for high-.
Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in chronically HIV-infected, treatment-naive patients: implications for routine resistance screening before initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of drug resistance among persons with newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well documented. However, it is unclear to what extent these mutations persist in chronically infected, treatment-naive patients. METHODS Prevalence of and factors associated with genotypic drug resistance were analyzed retrospectively in a subset of 491 chronically HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive patients enrolled at 25 cities in the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Flexible Initial Retrovirus Suppressive Therapies trial during 1999-2001. Resistance was defined on the basis of the International AIDS Society 2003 definition, as well as the presence of additional mutations at codons 215 (C/D/E/S) and 69 (A/N/S) in the pol gene. Prevalence of mutations was estimated by use of techniques for stratified random samples. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with resistance. RESULTS Among the 491 chronically HIV-infected patients (mean CD4 cell count, 269 cells/mm(3); 31% of patients had a prior AIDS diagnosis), 57 (11.6%) had >or=1 resistance mutation, resulting in an estimated prevalence for the cohort of 10.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5%-12.1%). The prevalence was 8.8% if the 118I mutation was excluded. By drug class, the estimated prevalence of mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was 7.8%, and the prevalence was 3.0% for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and 0.7% for protease inhibitors. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, non-Hispanic white subjects were twice as likely than African American subjects to have resistance (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1; P=.03), and there was a 40% increase per year in prevalence of mutations by later year of enrollment (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1; P=.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the persistence of drug resistance mutations in chronically HIV-infected patients and an increasing prevalence of resistance over time, and they support genotyping of virus at baseline for chronically HIV-infected patients.
Hemispheric specialization for global and local processing: the effect of stimulus category

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that the global aspect of complex visual scenes is preferentially processed by the right hemisphere, and local aspects are preferentially processed by the left hemisphere. Using letter–based hierarchical stimuli (Navon figures), we recently demonstrated, in a directed–attention task, lateralized neural activity (assessed by positron emission tomography) in the left prestriate cortex during local processing, and in the right prestriate cortex during global processing. Furthermore, temporal–parietal cortex was critically activated bilaterally in a divided–attention task that involved varying the number of target switches between local and global levels of letter–based hierarchical stimuli. Little is known about whether such stimulus categories influence such hemispheric lateralization. We now present data on brain activity, derived from positron emission tomography, in normal subjects scanned during either local or global processing of object–based hierarchical stimuli. We again observe attentional modulation of neural activity in prestriate cortex. There is now greater right–sided activation for local processing and greater left–sided activation for global processing, which is the opposite of that seen with letter–based stimuli. The results suggest that the relative differential hemispheric activations in the prestriate areas during global and local processing are modified by stimulus category.
Noise Performance of Millimeter-wave Silicon Based Mixed Tunneling Avalanche Transit Time(MITATT) Diode

— A generalized method for small-signal simulation of avalanche noise in Mixed Tunneling Avalanche Transit Time (MITATT) device is presented in this paper where the effect of series resistance is taken into account. The method is applied to a millimeter-wave Double Drift Region (DDR) MITATT device based on Silicon to obtain noise spectral density and noise measure as a function of frequency for different values of series resistance. It is found that noise measure of the device at the operating frequency (122 GHz) with input power density of 10 10 Watt/m 2 is about 35 dB for hypothetical parasitic series resistance of zero ohm (estimated junction temperature = 500 K ). Results show that the noise measure increases as the value of parasitic resistance increases.
Comparing Two Forms of Dynamic Assessment and Traditional Assessment of Preschool Phonological Awareness

The goal of the current study was to compare two forms of dynamic assessment and standard assessment of preschool children’s phonological awareness. The first form of dynamic assessment was a form of scaffolding in which item formats were modified in response to an error so as to make the task easier or more explicit. The second form of dynamic assessment was direct instruction of the phonological awareness tasks. The results indicate that preschool children’s phonological awareness can be assessed using standard assessment procedures, provided the items require processing units larger than the individual phoneme. No advantage was found in reliability or validity for either dynamic assessment condition relative to the standard assessment condition. Dynamic assessment does not appear to improve reliability or validity of phonological awareness assessments when preschool children are given tasks that they can perform using standard administration procedures.
Adult glandular stem cells (GSCs): deciphering the future

In 1839 after Theodor Schwann launched the Cell Theory and since Rudulf Virchow adopted his famous slogan: Omnis cellula e cellula (All cells come from cells), Cell division was considered the most fundamental process in the development of living organisms. The generation of cell diversity throughout development, the multiplication of cells during wound repair and maintenance, the integrity of tissues and organs, all rely on the proper progress through cell division.
An Original Entry Point Detection Method with Candidate-Sorting for More Effective Generic Unpacking

SUMMARY Many malware programs emerging from the Internet are compressed and / or encrypted by a wide variety of packers to deter code analysis, thus making it necessary to perform unpacking ﬁrst. To do this task e ﬃ ciently, Guo et al. proposed a generic unpacking system named Justin that provides original entry point (OEP) candidates. Justin executes a packed program, and then it extracts written-and-executed points caused by the decryption of the original binary until it determines the OEP has appeared, taking those points as candidates. However, for several types of packers, the system can provide comparatively large sets of candidates or fail to capture the OEP. For more e ﬀ ective generic unpacking, this paper presents a novel OEP detection method featuring two mechanisms. One identiﬁes the decrypting routine by tracking relations between writing instructions and written areas. This is based on the fact that the decrypting routine is the generator for the original binary. In case our method fails to detect the OEP, the other mechanism sorts candidates based on the most likely candidate so that analysts can reach the correct one quickly. With experiments using a dataset of 753 samples packed by 25 packers, we con-ﬁrm that our method can be more e ﬀ ective than Justin’s heuristics, in terms of detecting OEPs and reducing candidates. After that, we also propose a method combining our method with one of Justin’s heuristics.
Impediments to adoption of recommended milking practices by Canadian dairy farmers

IMPEDIMENTS TO ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED MILKING PRACTICES BY CANADIAN DAIRY FARMERS Emilie Belage Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Dr. David F. Kelton Objectives of this thesis were: (1) describe the consistency of producers with their milking routines, identify areas of higher variability, determine how well milking practices are being implemented; (2) describe the proportion of adoption of recommended milking practices (RMPs) across all Canadian provinces, and investigate differences across regions, milking systems, herd size and bulk tank SCC; (3) identify barriers and motivators for adoption of RMPs. Farm-to-farm differences and variations between cows during a specific milking accounted for the largest part of the variability observed. Most Canadian dairy farmers adopted RMPs, but some are not as extensively used as others. Adoption of practices was significantly associated with milking system, herd size, and region. Main barriers to adoption of RMPs included personal habits, not perceiving udder health as a priority, and lack of information/misinformation. Producers listed incentives for better milk quality as a motivator to implement RMPs and work on udder health.
Endorsement frequencies and factor structure of DSM‐III‐R and DSM‐IV Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in women: implications for future research, classification, clinical practice and comorbidity

We investigated dimensions of liability to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and whether evidence exists for distinct pathological versus normal clusters in the population. Structured interviews were administered to a general population sample of 2,163 female twins in a cross‐sectional design. Endorsement rates were estimated using full information maximum likelihood factor analyses of the DSM‐III‐R and DSM‐IV GAD symptoms, which provides appropriate treatment of the stem‐probe structure of the clinical interview.
[A cone-beam computed tomography study of changes in canal isthmus of maxillary first premolars before and after instrumentation].

PURPOSE To analyze the difference of the incidence and type of root canal isthmus in maxillary first premolars with single root and two canals before and after instrumentation using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT), and investigate the application and effect of CBCT in analysis of root canal isthmus. METHODS Sixty-six extracted maxillary first premolar with single root and two canals were scanned by CBCT before and after instrumentation. The incidence and type of isthmus before and after instrumentation were recorded and compared. The data was subjected to X(2) test and rank sum test with SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS The incidence of isthmus was different at each 1 mm level within apical 0-6 mm in maxillary first premolar with single root and two canals before and after instrumentation (P<0.05), which was lowest at apical 1 mm and highest at apical 6 mm; the proportion of partial isthmus (PI) was significantly higher than complete isthmus (CI) (P<0.05). After instrumentation, the incidence of isthmus in apical 0-6 mm decreased (P<0.05), but the proportion of CI increased. CONCLUSIONS The difference of root canal isthmus structure before and after instrumentation can be defined accurately with CBCT. CBCT is an ideal method to evaluate root canal isthmus.
Design Expressions for the Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator

In this paper, a simple compact magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) design methodology, simulation, and optimization are described the MILO device combines the technologies of magnetically insulted electron flow with the slow-wave structure, and the device operates at a wide range of voltage (0.1 MV ≤ V ≤ 1 MV). The authors present the design methodology for a load-limited MILO device of a desired oscillation frequency, radio-frequency (RF) power, and applied dc voltage. An S-band MILO is designed and simulated using commercial particle-in-cell code MAGIC, for 600-kV dc voltage and 35-kA beam current. The simulated value for RF power is found to be in agreement with the designed value within 5% and an average output power of 1.05 GW at designed 2.725-GHz frequency is obtained.
The Distribution of Taste Buds in Garra rufa

The distribution and relative frequency of external taste buds (TB) of Garra rufa were studied. TB of Garra rufa were observed on different body location (lips, lateral and ventral areas, forehead, operculum and dorsal–pelvic–pectoral–anal fins). TB are at the highest frequency in lips, forehead, pectoral and anal fins. These structures are moderate as a number in operculum, La2 (between pelvic and anal fins) areas, and then decreased a few in other areas.
The Use of Balanced Scorecard Measures in Executive Incentives and Firm Performance

This study investigates the use of balanced scorecard (BSC) measures in executive compensation plans, particularly its performance consequences, and the fit between the use of BSC and firm characteristics. Using a matched-pair design of 330 firms, data from multiple public sources, and multiple measures for key variables, it reveals a strong association between BSC use and firm performance. Evidence also supports the role of strategy, industry, size, quality, structure, culture, and ownership as contingent variables affecting firm performance. Furthermore, firm performance is a function of increased fit between BSC use and firm characteristics. The findings underscore the importance of firm characteristics in the design and use of performance measurement and reward systems.
A case study on service recovery: Frontline employees’ perspectives and the role of empowerment

Abstract The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of how frontline employees cope with service recovery situations and recover from them. It also takes a closer look at employee empowerment. This work represents a qualitative case study, and investigates the topic from the perspective of frontline employees. Data collection is implemented by interviewing the case hotel’s frontline personnel. A content analysis method was utilised to analyse the collected data. The findings suggest that the support of colleagues is more crucial in coping with service recovery situations and recovering from them than the support of managers. Personality traits also play a role. A theoretical scheme of the service recovery process from the perspective of frontline employees is developed from the analysis of the interviews. The findings indicate that written instructions would assist employees in service recovery situations.
Synovial fluid metabolomics in different forms of arthritis assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

OBJECTIVES Currently there are no reliable biomarkers in the synovial fluid available to differentiate between septic and non-septic arthritis or to predict the prognosis of osteoarthritis, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that allows a rapid, high throughput metabolic profiling of biological fluids or tissues. METHODS Proton (1H)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was performed in synovial fluid samples from patients with septic arthritis, crystal arthropathy, different forms of inflammatory arthritis or osteoarthritis (OA). The metabolic environment based on the low molecular weight components was compared in disease subsets and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. RESULTS Fifty-nine samples from patients with OA, gout, calcium pyrophosphate disease, spondylarthritis, septic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analysed. NMR yielded stable and reproducible metabolites over time. Thirty-five different metabolites as well as paracetamol and ibuprofen were identified in synovial fluid. The metabolic profile of septic arthritis assessed by PCA was distinguishable from the other samples whereas no differences were seen in OA compared to crystal-associated arthritis, RA or spondylarthritis. CONCLUSIONS 1H-NMR is a fast analytic tool with possible implications in synovial fluid diagnostics. A distinctive metabolism is observed in septic arthritis whereas metabolites in OA are similar to those in inflammatory arthritis.
[Clinical study on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by acupuncture plus manipulative regulation of knee muscle].

OBJECTIVE To investigate and research the appraisal scores of the symptoms and physical signs index for the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and manipulative regulation of knee muscle balance for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and provide clinical basis for the treatment. METHODS From January 2008 to December 2009, 121 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into two groups. In the treatment group there were 63 cases of 83 knees including 16 males and 47 females, with an average age of (59.88 +/- 7.97) years; in the control group there were 58 cases of 73 knees including 13 males and 45 females, with an average age of (57.95 +/- 10.37) years. The patients in the treatment group were treated with acupuncture plus manipulative regulation of knee muscle balance, and the patients in the control group were treated with Diclofenac Sodium Sustained Release Tablets. The appraisal scores of the symptoms and physical signs index, numerical rating scale of pain, joint function, joint swelling were evaluated before and after the treatment, as well as 3 months after the treatment. All data were statistical analyzed by package SPSS 10.0. RESULTS 1) In the treatment group, before and after treatment the appraisal scores of the symptoms and physical signs index were (39.81 +/- 3.92) and (9.69 +/- 8.08); numerical rating scale of pain were (7.61 +/- 0.97) and (2.17 +/- 2.09); joint function were (1.47 +/- 0.50) and (0.61 +/- 0.58); joint swelling were (1.23 +/- 0.79) and (0.42 +/- 0.52). As well in the control group, above data were (39.89 +/- 3.78), (13.62 +/- 7.83), (7.55 +/- 0.71), (3.34 +/- 2.32), (1.33 +/- 0.47), (0.93 +/- 0.67), an (0.97 +/- 0.88), (0.58 +/- 0.52) respectively. Both group had obvious differences in the appraisal scores of the symptoms and physical signs index, numerical rating scale of pain, joint function, joint swelling between after and before treatment. The comparison between the two groups suggested that after the treatments the treatment group had better therapy effect than those of the control group in the appraisal scores of the symptoms and physical signs index, numerical rating scale of pain, joint function, but both group had no differences in the appraisal scores of joint swelling. 2) After the treatment, 12 patients in the treatment group were clinically cured, 48 had remarkable effects,19 good, and 4 ineffective. As well in the control group, above data were 5, 31, 34 and 3 respectively. Three months after the treatment, above data were 8, 42, 27 and 6 respectively in the treatment group. In the control group, above data were 5, 21, 37 and 10 respectively. The treatment group was superior to the control group after the treatments and 3 months after the treatment. CONCLUSION Acupuncture plus manipulative regulation of knee muscle balance can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and knee joint's motor function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, and can avoid the further development of disease. It is a proved effective method for knee osteoarthritis.