Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Polyomaviruses in Mammals from Multiple Orders and Reassessment of Polyomavirus Evolution and Taxonomy

As the phylogenetic organization of mammalian polyomaviruses is complex and currently incompletely resolved, we aimed at a deeper insight into their evolution by identifying polyomaviruses in host orders and families that have either rarely or not been studied. Sixteen unknown and two known polyomaviruses were identified in animals that belong to 5 orders, 16 genera, and 16 species. From 11 novel polyomaviruses, full genomes could be determined. Splice sites were predicted for large and small T antigen (LTAg, STAg) coding sequences (CDS) and examined experimentally in transfected cell culture. In addition, splice sites of seven published polyomaviruses were analyzed. Based on these data, LTAg and STAg annotations were corrected for 10/86 and 74/86 published polyomaviruses, respectively. For 25 polyomaviruses, a spliced middle T CDS was observed or predicted. Splice sites that likely indicate expression of additional, alternative T antigens, were experimentally detected for six polyomaviruses. In contrast to all other mammalian polyomaviruses, three closely related cetartiodactyl polyomaviruses display two introns within their LTAg CDS. In addition, the VP2 of Glis glis (edible dormouse) polyomavirus 1 was observed to be encoded by a spliced transcript, a unique experimental finding within the Polyomaviridae family. Co-phylogenetic analyses based on LTAg CDS revealed a measurable signal of codivergence when considering all mammalian polyomaviruses, most likely driven by relatively recent codivergence events. Lineage duplication was the only other process whose influence on polyomavirus evolution was unambiguous. Finally, our analyses suggest that an update of the taxonomy of the family is required, including the creation of novel genera of mammalian and non-mammalian polyomaviruses.
Four quadrant wake and thrust deduction fractions for crash stop manoeuvring

Wake and thrust deduction fractions which represent propeller and ship hull interactions affecting ship manoeuvring performance. It is common and acceptable to assume the values as constant. However, a better approach for ship manoeuvring in four quadrant operations involving ahead, crashahead, crashback and backing is to take into consideration the various propeller functions and dynamic propeller-hull interactions. The research extensively established four quadrant wake and thrust deduction fractions in various speed and RPM combinations to the extent of extremely high propeller loadings. The values enrich the currently available data which are scarce and hard to find in previous works. The knowledge which also better exposes the behaviour of propeller and ship hull interactions in various manoeuvring conditions is advantageous for reliable crash stop manoeuvring predictions.
Do Entrepreneurs Have High Life Satisfaction? Evidence from Japan

This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial experience on life satisfaction. Using a unique survey about entrepreneurial experience, level of wealth, and personal attributes of individuals in Japan, we examine the factors that mediate the association between entrepreneurial experience and subjective well-being. As a result, we do not find any evidence on the total effect of entrepreneurial experience on subjective well-being. However, we find a positive indirect effect of entrepreneurial experience on subjective well-being through wealth, in addition to a negative indirect effect through debt. Our findings suggest that monetary incentives motivate Japanese individuals to become entrepreneurs.
EVALUATING THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF CANCER TREATMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA USING THE PATIENT AS THE UNIT OF ANALYSIS

This paper investigates the relative efficiency of cancer treatment in Nova Scotia using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and patients as the base decision-making unit. Using a unique data set, DEA treatment efficiency scores are included as a variable in a second stage (ordered) probit model measuring the likelihood of patient survival. The estimated efficiency scores generally have positive coefficients in the econometric models, suggesting that certain treatments increase the probability of survival. But more importantly, we find that inter-hospital or inter-regional differences in patient population (e.g. severity of illness, other health complications and living conditions) are also helpful in determining health care outcomes. We conclude that health care policy which ignores inherent differences in patient population is not acceptable as a basis for public decision-making.
Recent Advances in Skin Chemical Sensors

This review summarizes the latest developments in the field of skin chemical sensors, in particular wearable ones. Five major applications are covered in the present work: (i) sweat analysis, (ii) skin hydration, (iii) skin wounds, (iv) perspiration of volatile organic compounds, and (v) general skin conditions. For each application, the detection of the most relevant analytes is described in terms of transduction principles and sensor performances. Special attention is paid to the biological fluid collection and storage and devices are also analyzed in terms of reusability and lifetime. This review highlights the existing gaps between current performances and those needed to promote effective commercialization of sensors; future developments are also proposed.
We're not doctors and nurses: the teacher's role in the management of anaphylaxis in primary school settings

Worldwide the prevalence of severe and life threatening allergies is rising. In 2007 35% of Victorian schools had students at-risk for anaphylaxis (Office of the Premier), and three children have allegedly died from anaphylaxis in Australian school and early childhood education settings during the last six years alone. Teaching personnel are increasingly responsible for the safety of severely allergic children, yet there is a dearth of research examining anaphylaxis management in Australian educational and child-care facilities. This study examines the teacher's role in anaphylaxis management through in depth interviews with 12 Victorian primary school teachers. The resulting data indicate that teachers' roles in anaphylaxis management were complex, multifaceted, and emotionally demanding. Stress and anxiety were strongly associated with the onus to prevent a reaction, and to provide medical care in the event of an emergency. Participants considered such responsibilities beyond the reasonable parameters of teacher duties yet an increasingly common expectation in a teaching climate characterised by work intensification. Stress and coping was impacted primarily by a number of local sociocultural factors such as the attitude of parents and colleagues. Factors identified in previous literature were also significant, namely, clear policy and procedures; and practical considerations such as teacher education and safety measures.International Research in Early Childhood Education, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 34-49
New Approaches to Target Inflammation in Heart Failure: Harnessing Insights from Studies of Immune Cell Diversity.

Despite mounting evidence implicating inflammation in cardiovascular diseases, attempts at clinical translation have shown mixed results. Recent preclinical studies have reenergized this field and provided new insights into how to favorably modulate cardiac macrophage function in the context of acute myocardial injury and chronic disease. In this review, we discuss the origins and roles of cardiac macrophage populations in the steady-state and diseased heart, focusing on the human heart and mouse models of ischemia, hypertensive heart disease, and aortic stenosis. Specific attention is given to delineating the roles of tissue-resident and recruited monocyte-derived macrophage subsets. We also highlight emerging concepts of monocyte plasticity and heterogeneity among monocyte-derived macrophages, describe possible mechanisms by which infiltrating monocytes acquire unique macrophage fates, and discuss the putative impact of these populations on cardiac remodeling. Finally, we discuss strategies to target inflammatory macrophage populations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Can Mandatory Certification Promote Greenwashing?

This paper examines how positive or negative perceptions about innovation affect firms’ strategic behavior when certifying their products. In particular, we consider two types of firm (innovative and non-innovative) which choose between three signals: (1) certified claim, (2) uncertified claim, and (3) no claim. The consumer, either exhibiting positive or negative perceptions, is uninformed about the firm’s type and only observes the firm’s claim. We find that a separating equilibrium arises in which information about the innovation is revealed to consumers. We also identify a pooling equilibrium in which both types of firm choose the same claim, concealing information from consumers. We show that regulation requiring mandatory certification can hinder information transmission. Our results also indicate that changes in product perceptions do not necessarily facilitate information transmission.
Maintenance of hPSCs under Xeno-Free and Chemically Defined Culture Conditions

Previously, the majority of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells have been derived on feeder layers and chemically undefined medium. Those media components related to feeder cells, or animal products, often greatly affect the consistency of the cell culture. There are clear advantages of a defined, xeno-free, and feeder-free culture system for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) cultures, since consistency in the formulations prevents lot-to-lot variability. Eliminating all non-human components reduces health risks for downstream applications, and those environments reduce potential immunological reactions from stem cells. Therefore, development of feeder-free hPSCs culture systems has been an important focus of hPSCs research. Recently, researchers have established a variety of culture systems in a defined combination, xeno-free matrix and medium that supports the growth and differentiation of hPSCs. Here we described detailed hPSCs culture methods under feeder-free and chemically defined conditions using vitronetin and TeSR-E8 medium including supplement bioactive lysophospholipid for promoting hPSCs proliferation and maintaining stemness.
The assessment of early microangiopathic complications in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

The aim of this study is to detect the diabetic complications in early reversible stages, to find out some parameters which point out the complications and their levels, and to show the effect of hypertension on these complications and parameters. We assessed glomerular functions with urinary albumin (Alb) excretion and Creatinine clearance, renal tubular functions with urinary beta-2 microglobulin (B2mGI) excretion and retinopathy by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). We observed that the retinal microaneurysms began before microalbuminuria and that the diabetics, whose "Overnight Alb Excretion Rate" exceeded 7 g/min, represented the high risk group for background retinopathy. Urinary B2mGI values were not directly affected by mild or moderate hypertension and there was no correlation with fundus findings. Our findings suggested that urinary B2mGI excretion increased with the decline of creatinine clearance. Obviously, high blood pressure effected daytime Alb excretion more than the overnight Alb excretion. This result supported the observations approving the dominance of glom rular capillary pressure in the pathogenesis of microalbu­ minuria. We concluded that in the assessment of early diabetic patients, "Overnight Alb Excretion Rate" could give an idea about diabetic fundus changes meanwhile minimizing the effect of blood pressure on albumin excretion, and the ratio "Overnight Alb Excretion Rate/Daily B2mGI Excretion" could inform us about the patients'blood pressure status. [Turk J Med Res 1993, 11(3): 140-145]
Recipients of Suicide-Related Disclosure: The Link between Disclosure and Posttraumatic Growth for Suicide Attempt Survivors

It is important to explore factors that could help or hinder one’s wellbeing following a suicide attempt, which could yield not only negative consequences but also posttraumatic growth (PTG; positive changes following a traumatic event). The present study used a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to test the relationship between disclosure, PTG, and posttraumatic depreciation among suicide attempt survivors when controlling for time since attempt and to test whether these effects remained after controlling for quality of support from family and friends. Suicide attempt survivors (n = 159) completed an online survey about their experiences. Increases in disclosure to family and friends but not to healthcare providers predicted changes in PTG. The effects of family disclosure remained even after controlling for quality of support. Disclosure to healthcare providers demonstrated some statistical effects on PTG, yet in the opposite direction and only after controlling for quality of support. The control variables—time since attempt and quality of support—were the only variables that predicted a change in posttraumatic depreciation. These findings suggest there is value in disclosing one’s personal story to family regardless of whether one receives supportive responses and that social support can impact one’s PTG.
Overlap between telangiectasia and photoreceptor loss increases with progression of macular telangiectasia type 2

Objectives To examine the topographical correlation between ellipsoid zone loss and telangiectasia in the deep capillary plexus in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel). Methods 38 eyes (20 subjects) diagnosed with MacTel were imaged with OCTA between March 2016 and June 2019 in this single center, cross-sectional observational study. The en face OCTA and OCT were evaluated for areas of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and ellipsoid zone loss, respectively, and their outlines were superimposed to study their overlap (mm2). The primary outcome was percentage of overlap and its relationship to MacTel stage. Secondary outcomes included the relationship between neovascularization and hyperreflective foci as well as correlations between ellipsoid zone loss, deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and visual acuity. Results In nonproliferative MacTel stage, ellipsoid zone loss was localized to margins of telangiectatic areas (mean overlap = 15.2%). In proliferative stages, ellipsoid zone loss showed a higher degree of overlap with telangiectatic areas (mean overlap = 62.8%). Overlap increased with advancing MacTel stages, with an overall average of 45.3%. Overlap correlated highly with ellipsoid zone loss (r = 0.831; p<0.0001). Telangiectasia was present in all 38 eyes (range: 0.08mm2–0.99mm2), while ellipsoid zone loss was absent in 6 (range: 0.00–3.32mm2). Visual acuity correlated most strongly with ellipsoid zone loss (r = 0.569; p = 0.0002), followed by overlap (r = 0.544; p = 0.0004), and finally, telangiectasia (r = 0.404; p<0.0118). Presence of hyperreflective foci on OCT correlated with the presence and intraretinal location of neovascularization. Conclusions Ellipsoid zone loss occurs at the margins of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia in nonproliferative MacTel, with progressively increasing overlap as MacTel advances, peaking in proliferative disease. Deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and its overlap with ellipsoid zone loss are two promising markers of nonproliferative MacTel, while hyper-reflective foci are markers for proliferative MacTel.
Tuning friction to a superlubric state via in-plane straining

Significance It has long been conjectured that the steady-state friction of an elastic contact is an inherent property of the sliding interface, which depends on the contacting materials and typically cannot be altered on demand. In this work, we demonstrate that the friction on a graphene sheet can be actively modulated by in-plane straining. In particular, by applying a tensile strain (up to 0.60%), we are able to further reduce the surface friction of monolayer graphene to a superlubricating state. This unusual effect is attributed to the changes in the atomic contact quality of the sliding interface. Our work demonstrates the very example, where the atomic-scale interfacial interactions can be directly regulated via macroscopic operations. Controlling, and in many cases minimizing, friction is a goal that has long been pursued in history. From the classic Amontons–Coulomb law to the recent nanoscale experiments, the steady-state friction is found to be an inherent property of a sliding interface, which typically cannot be altered on demand. In this work, we show that the friction on a graphene sheet can be tuned reversibly by simple mechanical straining. In particular, by applying a tensile strain (up to 0.60%), we are able to achieve a superlubric state (coefficient of friction nearly 0.001) on a suspended graphene. Our atomistic simulations together with atomically resolved friction images reveal that the in-plane strain effectively modulates the flexibility of graphene. Consequently, the local pinning capability of the contact interface is changed, resulting in the unusual strain-dependent frictional behavior. This work demonstrates that the deformability of atomic-scale structures can provide an additional channel of regulating the friction of contact interfaces involving configurationally flexible materials.
Exploring Cerebrovascular Function in Osteoarthritis: “Heads‐up”

Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) are at greater risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents; yet, cerebrovascular control remains uncharacterized. Our primary outcome was to acquire cerebrovascular control metrics in patients with OA and compare measures to healthy control adults (CTL) without OA or cardiovascular complications. Our primary covariate was a 10‐year risk factor for cardiovascular and stroke incidents, and secondary covariates were other cardiovascular disease risk factors (i.e., body mass index, carotid intima media thickness, and brachial flow‐mediated dilation). Our secondary outcomes were to assess anatomical and functional changes that may be related to cerebrovascular reactivity were also acquired such as white matter lesion volume and brief cognitive assessments. In 25 adults (n = 13 CTL, n = 12 OA), under hypercapnia, magnetic resonance imaging (3T) was used to acquire a “Global Cerebrovascular Reactivity” index across the larger intracranial cerebral arteries and white matter lesions, and transcranial Doppler was used for both middle cerebral artery hemodynamic responses to hypercapnia and to assess autoregulation via a sit‐to‐stand task. Compared to CTL, OA had lower “Global Cerebrovascular Reactivity” index responses to hypercapnia, autoregulatory responses, and greater white matter lesions (P < 0.05). These differences persisted after covarying for the outlined primary and secondary covariates. Patients with OA, in the absence of known cardiovascular disease, can exhibit pre‐clinical and impaired (compared to CTL) peripheral and cerebrovascular control metrics.
Asian Americans and Mental Health Services

Abstract Research in the 1970s and 1980s revealed that Asian Americans, compared with other ethnic groups, tended to under-utilize mental health services. This article is aimed at adding new information to the literature by examining data from the 1990s. The raw data comprised 97,212 total admissions representing 45,774 total individuals utilizing mental health services during a four-year period in San Diego County, California. By comparing our findings with previous research cases on utilization patterns of mental health services, new evidence is found about Asian Americans in terms of their (1) underrepresentation in mental health services, (2) presentation of more severe symptoms than those of other racial/ethnic groups when first seen at clinics, (3) lower dropout rates and higher average lengths of stay than other racial/ethnic groups, and (4) higher percentages of using day treatment and outpatient programs but lower percentage of using inpatient programs.
MEGA‐PRESS of GABA+: Influences of acquisition parameters

γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was the first molecule that was edited with MEGA‐PRESS. GABA edited spectroscopy is challenged by limited selectivity of editing pulses. Coediting of resonances from macromolecules (MM) is the greatest single limitation of GABA edited spectroscopy. In this contribution, relative signal contributions from GABA, MM and homocarnosine to the total MEGA‐PRESS edited signal at ~3 ppm, i.e., GABA+, are simulated at 3 tesla using several acquisition schemes. The base scheme is modeled after those currently supplied by vendors: it uses typical pulse shapes and lengths, it minimizes the first echo time (TE), and the delay between the editing pulses is kept at TE/2. Edited spectra are simulated for imperfect acquisition parameters such as incorrect frequency, larger chemical shift displacement, incorrect transmit B1‐field calibration for localization and editing pulses, and longer TE. An alternative timing scheme and longer editing pulses are also considered. Additional simulations are performed for symmetric editing around the MM frequency to suppress the MM signal. The relative influences of these acquisition parameters on the constituents of GABA+ are examined from the perspective of modern experimental designs for investigating brain GABA concentration differences in healthy and diseased humans. Other factors that influence signal contributions, such as T1 and T2 relaxation times are also considered.
Quantitative tracking of inflammatory activity at the peak and trough plasma levels of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, via in vivo 18F‐FDG PET

To assess the capability of in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) to quantify changes in inflammatory activity in response to tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, over a timeframe of a few hours to few days in a preclinical model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).