Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and in vivo specificity of [LLC]dl‐threo‐methylphenidate for the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron

dl‐threo‐Methylphenidate (Ritalin) was labeled with carbon‐11 (t1/2:20.4 minutes) in order to measure its pharmacokinetics, to evaluate it as a radiotracer for the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron, and to examine its sensitivity to the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies were carried out in the baboon to determine specificity for the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron and in humans to assess sensitivity to neuronal loss. Studies with [llC]dl‐threo‐methylphenidate ([llC]MP) in baboon demonstrated high regional uptake in the striatum. Peak uptake (0.04%/cc) occurred at 5‐15 minutes post‐injection. The half‐time for clearance from peak uptake for [11C]MP was 60 minutes and the ratio between the radioactivity in the striatum and that in the cerebellum (ST/CB) ranged from 2.2 to 2.6 at 40 minutes. Repeated measures in the same baboon showed ≤8% variability in the ST/CB ratio. Pretreatment with unlabeled methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) or GBR12909 (1.5 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to [11C]MP injection markedly reduced the striatal but not the cerebellar uptake of [11C]MP, demonstrating the saturable and specific binding of [11C]MP to a site on the dopamine transporter in the brain. In both cases, the ratio of striatum to cerebellum (ST/CB) after pretreatment was reduced by about 43% The ratios of distribution volumes at the steady‐state for the striatum to cerebellum (ST/CB) for these two separate studies in the same baboon were reduced by 37 and 38%, respectively. In contrast, pretreatment with tomoxetine (1.5 mg/kg) or citalopram (2.0 mg/kg), inhibitors of the norepinephrine and serotonin transporter, respectively, did not produce a significant change in the kinetics of [11C]MP and the ST/CB after pretreatment was similar to that for control. In one patient with Parkinson's disease, the striatum to cerebellum ratio of [11C]MP was markedly lower than that of an elderly normal subject. These results demonstrate the saturable [11C]MP binding to the dopamine transporter in the baboon brain and that [11C]MP is sensitive to dopamine neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America .
Neural Network Underlying Ictal Humming Demonstrated by Very Early SPECT: A Case Report

Summary: We report the case of a 49‐year‐old right‐handed woman with brief partial seizures in which the clinical semiology was marked by an early humming automatism. MRI fusion of the registered ictal and interictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) substraction exhibited a left neural network involving lateral temporal, inferior frontal, and inferior parietal cortices.
Characteristics of self-managing teams in rapid product development projects

Product development organisations are facing an increasing amount of rapid, small-scale development projects to fulfil market and customer needs. Self-managing teams have been proposed as effective means in creating new radical innovation, but their use has not been widely studied in smaller and faster product development projects, which are increasing in numbers. A multiple-case study was conducted to analyse seven business-to-business companies' product development models and the use of self-management in their rapid product development teams. The findings indicate that the companies use very similar characteristics of self-management to support rapid product development projects, but all characteristics of self-management do not support rapid product development teams. Notable success factors for rapid product development were dedicating competent developers for rapid projects, co-locating the development team, effective face-to-face communication and implementing a defined, but flexible workflow for rapid product development.
The Nexus between Innovation Types and Marketing Performance of SMEs in an Emerging Economy: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

This paper investigates the relationships between the innovation types, knowledge sharing and firm’s marketing performance of small and medium enterprise (SME) in an emerging economyGhana. In particular, it measures the mediating role of knowledge sharing within the relationship between innovation types and marketing performance. The study relied on a survey method through convenience sampling and gathered data through a sum of 437 questionnaires from SME service companies operating in Ashanti and Greater Accra region of Ghana. The quantitative methodologies were used in which Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and bootstrapping method were used to test the hypotheses. The results obtained indicate that innovation types strongly have a significant impact on marketing performance, there is a positive connection between knowledge sharing and marketing performance, innovation types have a positive influence on knowledge sharing, and knowledge sharing was found to completely mediate the association between innovation types and marketing performance. The results clarify that Original Research Article Galley proof Afriyie et al.; JEMT, 21(10): 1-22, 2018; Article no.JEMT. 44223 2 innovation types, knowledge sharing, and marketing performance play a vital role in the success of SME in emerging economies and the indisputable fact that managers and owners of such businesses need to pay attention to these concepts and use them to their advantage.
Fostering Green Finance for Sustainable Development in Asia

Placing the Asian economies onto a sustainable development pathway requires an unprecedented shift in investment away from greenhouse gas, fossil fuel, and natural resource intensive industries towards more resource efficient technologies and business models. The financial sector will have to play a central role in this ‘green transformation’. This study discusses the need for greening the financial system and the role of financial governance. It reviews the state of green lending and investment in Asia and provides an overview of green financial governance initiatives across Asia. It also identifies market innovations to increase green finance in Asia, barriers to green investments, and financial policy and highlights priority areas for policy makers.
From Mutualized Exchange to Investor-Owned Demutualized Entity: The Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange

This study provides an overview of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) journey from not-for-profit mutually owned company to the for-profit demutualized entity. The wave of demutualization and public listing of stock markets around the globe is being witnessed for the last three decades. This study focuses on three main areas. First, in 2012, the stock market stood corporatized and demutualized as a public company limited by shares. Prior to 2012, the PSX (formerly called Karachi stock exchange) was a broker-owned company. The three national stock exchanges of Pakistan merged together to form PSX in January 2016. Moreover, the 40% strategic ownership of PSX is transferred to the Chinese investors. The Pakistan stock market is listed on its own exchange from June 29, 2017 (self-listing) following the IPO process. Second, this study discusses the reasons for demutualization, such as investment in technology and global competition; and regulatory implications of for-profit demutualized exchange. Lastly, selected market efficiency indicators are compared before and after integration to assess the benefit of demutualization. On a positive note, so far, the market witnessed higher liquidity, less excessive volatility, and better returns for investors in the post-merger period compared to pre-merger period.
Suppression of alcohol intake by chronic naloxone treatment in P rats: tolerance development and elevation of opiate receptor binding.

BACKGROUND This study was planned to determine the feasibility of using a slow release naloxone preparation to treat alcoholism, because compliance with medication is a significant problem in alcoholics. METHODS Experiments were performed in alcohol-preferring P rats maintained either on continuous access or on limited access (1 hr/day) to alcohol with water and food provided ad libitum. Naloxone (Nx) was administered either by twice daily subcutaneous injections or by slow release (1.1 mg/kg/hr) osmotic minipump. In limited access experiments, Nx was injected immediately before access to alcohol. RESULTS An initial experiment estimated the dose-effect curve for Nx subcutaneous suppression on alcohol intake. Nx (2.5-20 mg/kg) had a stronger effect during the first 2 hr after injection (ED50 = 2.1 mg/kg); however, the effect was more modest on 24-hr consumption. Similar results were found with chronic Nx treatment. Low doses of Nx (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) injected immediately before limited access to alcohol produced almost complete suppression of alcohol intake for at least 14 consecutive days. However, 14 days of treatment with 26 mg/kg/day by minipump or injection produced an initial 50% suppression of 24-hr alcohol intake with the gradual development of tolerance. An acute challenge with Nx immediately after the pumps were scheduled to be empty provided additional evidence of tolerance development in chronically Nx-treated rats. Brain micro-opiate receptors, estimated autoradiographically by using the ligand [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5][tyrosyl-3,5-3H]-enkephalin, showed that rats chronically exposed to Nx and showing tolerance to Nx suppression of drinking exhibited 17% to 250% increases in [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5][tyrosyl-3,5-3H]-enkephalin binding. CONCLUSIONS High doses of Nx are required to suppress continuous access alcohol consumption in P rats, and tolerance develops to the ethanol consumption-suppressing effect of Nx that may be related to increases in micro-opiate receptors.
Personality dimensions measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and NEO‐FFI on a Polish sample

The results of two self‐administered, paper‐and‐pencil tests based on biosocial theory of personality have been compared simultanously: the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI). The stability of the personality dimensions was assessed across age, sex and education level samples in a group of 406 Polish adults with major mental diseases excluded by use of PRIME‐MD questionnaire. Significant effects of age, sex, and education have been found while comparing personality dimensions in both temperamental (novelty seeking, NS; harm avoidance, HA; reward dependence, RD; persistence, P) and character scales (cooperativeness, C; self‐transcendence, ST) in TCI. Among subscales of temperament only NS1, RD4 were stable according to concerning factors. All converted to their age and sex norms NEO‐FFI dimensions were stable according to sex. Extraversion scale was changeable depending on age (p = 0.04). Neuroticism dimension was a little higher in lower educated group (p = 0.035).
The epidemiology and transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection in children.

How and when Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired is unknown. Faecal-oral and oral-oral transmission have been demonstrated in animal studies of other Helicobacter species, whilst sero-epidemiological studies in adults show a cohort effect suggesting that primary acquisition occurs in childhood. H. pylori can be detected non-invasively using serology or the 13C-urea breath test, and although the accuracy of both methods is well established in adults, further validation studies are needed in children, especially those under 5 years old. In children, the age-specific prevalences of H. pylori, which are low in developed countries and high in developing countries, suggest that in most cases infection is acquired early in life. Prospective studies show that the incidence of H. pylori infection in adults is about 0.4% per year; in children, studies using the 13C-urea breath test demonstrate incidences in developing and developed countries of 36% and 2.7% per year, respectively. Intra-familial clustering of H. pylori and high prevalences in orphanages and institutions for the mentally retarded suggest that person-to-person transmission of H. pylori is important. In addition, H. pylori infection has been associated with poor childhood socio-economic conditions--with overcrowding and close person-to-person contact through bed sharing being the most consistent and significant associations. However, these studies are liable to recall-bias. Since it is still unclear whether H. pylori is transmitted by the faecal-oral or oral-oral routes, it is possible that both routes exist. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Carving the Body from the Nation's Sacred Flesh

The contemporary landscape of Eastern Europe comprises social and ontological projects that reinterpret local traditions and histories while challenging imported modernities. This paper explores the New Jerusalem movement, an apocalyptic Romanian Orthodox revitalization movement characterized by a complex synthesis of Orthodox asceticism and messianic nationalism, which is socially and spiritually assisted in its journey by the dramatic expressions of two gifted visual artists, Victoria and Marian Zidaru. Seeing discipline and transcendence of self as acts of freedom grounded in an Orthodox understanding of the person, this work addresses New Jerusalem movement’s distinctive engagement with reformulating a common ground and purpose for self and nation.
Toxicity of root canal sealers in vitro

Objective: To comparatively evaluate the cytotoxicity of EndoREZ (urethane dimethacrylate based), RoekoSEAL (silicone based) and Kalsogen Plus (ZOE based) sealers on HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney epithelial cells) and Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells) cell lines in vitro. Materials and methods: Sealers EndoREZ, RoekoSEAL and Kalsogen Plus were mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions. Extract of these sealers were then treated with cultured cell (HEK-293 and Vero), cytotoxicity evaluated using MTT assay. Cytotoxicity between fresh and set specimens at 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 1wk time-interval were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 15.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software package (p RoekoSEAL>EndoREZ overtime.
Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles.

Two studies provide evidence for the reliability and validity of a new self-report measure of individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking based on cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST). The Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI) was constructed to measure the 2 independent processing modes with a modified Need for Cognition Scale (NFC, J.T. Cacioppo & R.E. Petty, 1982) and a new scale, Faith in Intuition (FI). In Study 1, a factor analysis yielded 2 orthogonal factors corresponding to NFC and FI. Although heuristic processing was determined primarily by FI, NFC also contributed to heuristic responding, in line with CEST. The relation of FI and NFC to coping ability also was examined. In Study 2, the factor structure of the REI was replicated (N = 973). NFC and FI were differentially related to measures of personality, adjustment, achievement, and interpersonal relations.
A State Space Approach to Extracting the Signal From Uncertain Data

Most macroeconomic data are uncertain—they are estimates rather than perfect measures of underlying economic variables. One symptom of that uncertainty is the propensity of statistical agencies to revise their estimates in the light of new information or methodological advances. This paper sets out an approach for extracting the signal from uncertain data. It describes a two-step estimation procedure in which the history of past revisions is first used to estimate the parameters of a measurement equation describing the official published estimates. These parameters are then imposed in a maximum likelihood estimation of a state space model for the macroeconomic variable.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Capital Structure in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Company

The purpose of this research to analyze the influence of firm size, liquidity, growth opportunities, tangibility asset, and business risk to the capital structure of listed food and beverage manufacturing companies in Indonesia and Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2016. The result shows that the fixed effects model should be appropriate for this study as compared to the random effect model. Capital structure significantly differences between the two countries. Firm size has a positive but insignificant influence on the capital structure in Indonesia, whereas it has a positive and a significant influence on the capital structure in Vietnam. Liquidity has a negative and significant influence on the capital structure both in Indonesia and Vietnam. Growth opportunities have a negative but insignificant influence on the capital structure both in Indonesia and Vietnam. Asset tangibility has a positive but insignificant influence on the capital structure in Indonesia, but it has the negative but insignificant influence on the capital structure in Vietnam. Ultimately, the business risk has a negative and significant influence on the capital structure in Indonesia but has a positive and insignificant influence on the capital structure in Vietnam.
Hepatitis B virus transcription in the infected liver.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription was studied in the liver of an infected chimpanzee and compared with HBV transcription in heterologous systems. Besides the well characterized 2.3‐kb surface antigen mRNA produced in most systems, a second major transcript was identified in the liver. This 3.8‐kb transcript (+/‐ 300 bases) is slightly larger than the HBV genome and is probably involved both in core/e antigen synthesis and in HBV replication via reverse transcription. In addition, minor variants of the 2.3‐kb surface antigen mRNA were characterized as probably being involved in the expression of HBsAg‐related minor proteins. Finally, several potential transcription signals, identified on the HBV genome using heterologous expression systems, were found to be poorly active if at all in the infected liver, thereby stressing the importance of HBV transcription studies performed with liver material.
Collaborative consumption: the role of familiarity and trust among Millennials

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on online hospitality platforms in the collaborative consumption environment. In particular, this paper investigates the impact of trust on the obtainers’ intentions to “inquire about accommodations” and to “request a booking” on Airbnb.com. Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes the perspective of a potential renter, respectively, obtainer and adopts Gefen’s (2000) research model, which incorporates familiarity and trust in the e-commerce industry. In this regard, the paper extends the work on two-sided markets of Mittendorf (2016-2017). To verify the modified research model, a survey was conducted, gathering results from over 426 participants of which 255 valid responses from the Millennials generation were obtained. This paper uses covariance-based structural equation modeling to analyze both measurement and structural relationships regarding the interaction framework.FindingsThe results show empirical evidence that both “trust in the intermediary” and “trust in providers” are decisive for the obtainers’ intentions on the online platform. In this regard, this paper advances the understanding of the collaborative consumption mechanisms by adapting trust literature to validate the obtainers’ intentions on contemporary collaborative consumption platforms.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the unit of analysis of prior research comprises the general intention to share, this paper empirically validates a more deliberate decision of user intentions by focusing on the intention to inquire about accommodations (no registration necessary) and the intention to request a booking (registration necessary). However, this study is dependent on one setting and it is still unclear whether the results are generalizable to other collaborative consumption setups.Originality/valueThis paper is in line with the work of Mittendorf (2016-2017), thus, it uses a sophisticated statistical approach to analyze trust in the collaborative consumption environment, such as confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.
Successful treatment with duloxetine in a case of treatment refractory bulimia nervosa: a case report

The authors report a case of treatment refractory bulimia nervosa successfully treated with duloxetine, a combined serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with complete remission of the patient's bingeing and purging behaviours. This case is discussed in the context of existing literature on the psychopharmacology of bulimia nervosa.
Radiation hardness assurance and reliability testing of InGaAs photodiodes for optical control links for the CMS experiment

A radiation hard 80 Mbit/s digital optical link system with 7200 fiber channels is being produced for the CMS Experiment at CERN. A series of tests including radiation damage and thermally accelerated aging have been made to qualify and assure the radiation hardness and reliability of InGaAs photodiodes intended for use in this system.
Sleep deprivation‐induced protein changes in basal forebrain: Implications for synaptic plasticity

The need to sleep is universal and lack of sleep often results in decreases in alertness and cognitive function. Data suggest that sleep‐related mechanisms and deficits resulting from loss of sleep are associated anatomically with the basal forebrain. Long‐term effects of sleep deprivation, those lasting a day or more, likely require transcriptional changes leading to changes in protein synthesis, whereas short‐term effects may be mediated by rapid changes in the functional status of proteins. To understand sleep deprivation‐induced changes in proteins in the wake‐promoting area of the basal forebrain in rat, proteomic analysis was carried out by a combination of 2D gel electrophoresis to separate and visualize proteins and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of flight mass spectrometry for protein identification. Among 969 protein spots that were compared, 89 spots showed more than a twofold difference between 6‐hr sleep‐deprived rats and undisturbed sleeping controls. We have identified 11 of these proteins to be either cytoskeletal or associated with synapses. The changes in four of these proteins were analyzed further by Western blots of 1D and 2D. Two proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, tubulin and GAP43, show posttranslational modifications. Increased tyrosination of α tubulin isoforms and increased phosphorylation of GAP43 was observed after 6‐hr sleep deprivation when compared to that in sleeping controls. The synaptic protein synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 (SNAP25) is decreased whereas amphiphysin is phosphorylated after sleep deprivation. These changes in proteins in the basal forebrain during short‐term sleep deprivation are suggestive of changes in the substrate for neuronal transmission and plasticity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.