Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Value of high risk human papilloma virus detection in screening and diagnosing cervical lesion in littoral of Zhejiang province].

OBJECTIVE To analyse the infection of high-risk human papiliomavirus (HR-HPV) in cervical lesion wome, and evaluate the significance of high-risk human pappilomavirus detection by hybrid capture II (HV-II) in screening and diagnosing cervical lesion, especially high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS A series of 1130 patients of cervical lesion were preliminarily diagnosed by cervical cytological examination, HR-HPV detection by HC-II , colposcopy and biopsy under the colposcopy between June 2009 and December 2008, including 212 CIN I and (or) condyloma (CIN I/HPV I), 442 CIN II/III, 28 invasive cervical cancer. cervical cytological examination is by thin prep liquid-based cytology test(TCT),and HR-HPV detection is by HC-II. RESULTS In 1130 cases the positive of HR-HPV was 65.84% (744/1130). Unusual cytology result were 862 cases, with 356 ASCUS, 84 ASCH, 216 LSIL, 184HSIL and 22 cancer. The number of biopsy > or = CINI/HPVI was 682, positive rate of HR-HPV was 78.59% (536/682). In screening CIN II or above, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of TCT were 88.94%, 32.73%, 48.49%, 80.60%, of HR-HPV DNA detectiort by HC-II were 90.21%, 51.82%, 57.14%, 88.14%, and of HR-HPV detection combined with cytology were 97.45%, 22.42%, 47.22%, 92.50%. CONCLUSION The infection rate of HR-HPV in cervical lesions is higher in each age group. Infection rate of HR-HPV is ascending with serious degree of cervical lesion. HR-HPV detection by HC- II is an important method in screening cervical lesion. HR-HPV detection is a viable option in the management of women with ASCUS and LSIL of TCT, with higher sensitivity and NPV.
Gender differences in smoking cessation after 3 years in the Lung Health Study.

OBJECTIVES An analysis of gender differences in smoking cessation was conducted among 3923 participants in the Special Intervention group of the Lung Health Study. This report focuses on gender differences in sustained quit rates at 12 and 36 months. METHODS Special Intervention participants were offered a 12-session, 12-week smoking cessation program using nicotine gum and were followed for 3 years. Self-reported smoking status was validated with carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine. RESULTS Men had higher sustained quit rates at 12 and 36 months; gender differences were found in baseline variables that also predicted sustained abstinence; and controlling for selected baseline variables reduced the association between gender and sustained abstinence. When other variables were controlled, gender predicted sustained abstinence at 36 months (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.48) but not 12 months (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.27), reflecting more late relapse among women. CONCLUSIONS Demographics and smoking history were more important than gender per se in sustained smoking cessation in the Lung Health Study. Programs tailoring smoking cessation by gender need to include coping skills for problems associated with less education and social support and for improving persistence with quit attempts.
Composite Bound on Arrival Time Estimation Errors

Time of arrival (TOA) estimation of narrowband signals is a problem of considerable practical interest in radar and sonar applications. A new technique is presented to analyze the mean square error (MSE) performance of TOA estimation schemes, based on recently developed lower bound. We obtain a complete characterization of the MSE as a function of the signal and noise parameters. The results are given in a simple closed-form analytical expression.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTS AQUEOUS OF PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective : The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of rhizome of phragmites australis on carbohydrate metabolism, some enzyme activities and pancreatic tissue in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=6) as control, diabetic group and test groups (Diabetic+AEPA). Diabetes in rats was induced by alloxane using a single peritoneal injection of 150 mg/kg dose. Aqueous extract of Phragmites australis was supplemented (200 mg/kg b. w) orally for three weeks. The aqueous extract of Phragmites australis was prepared and phytochemical were analyzed by using standard methods. Blood glucose level, pancreas histology and various biochemical parameters were assessed. Results: The results of the phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of Phragmites australis (AEPA) revealed the presence of tannin, terpenoids, glycosides and flavonoids. Compared with the control, a significant decrease in the body weight gain (p<0.01) and increase in food intake (p<0.001) were noticed in the diabetic group. The biochemical evaluation showed significantly higher values for glucose (p<0.001), lipid profile (p<0.05), transaminases (p<0.05), amylase and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) activities in diabetic group compared with the control. Histology of the pancreas showed congestion of vessels and focal area of necrosis in diabetic untreated rats. However, treatment with aqueous extract of Phragmites australis significantly normalized blood glucose, serum biochemical profile and pancreas histomorphology. Conclusion: It is suggested that aqueous extract of Phragmites australis exhibits a benefic effect in rat to a great extent in attenuating and restoring the damage sustained by diabetes.
Neuroprotective and Nootropic Actions of a Novel Cyclized Dipeptide after Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in Mice

1-ARA-35b (35b) is a cyclized dipeptide that shows considerable neuroprotective activity in vitro and improves neurologic recovery after fluid percussion–induced traumatic brain injury in rats. The authors evaluated the effects of treatment with 35b in mice subjected to controlled cortical impact brain injury. Animals treated with intravenous 35b after traumatic injury showed significantly enhanced recovery of beam walking and place learning functions compared with vehicle-treated controls, in addition to reduced lesion volumes. Beneficial effects were dose related and showed an inverted U-shaped dose–response curve between 0.1 and 10 mg/kg. Protective actions were found when the drug was administered initially at 30 minutes or 1, 4, or 8 hours, but not at 24 hours, after trauma. In separate experiments, rats treated with 35b on days 7 through 10 after injury showed remarkably improved place learning in comparison with injured controls. These studies confirm and extend the neuroprotective effects of this diketopiperazine in traumatic brain injury. In addition, they show that 35b has a relatively wide therapeutic window and improves cognitive function after both acute and chronic injury.
Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease in the United States: Potential for Further Reduction

OBJECTIVE: To describe lapses in adherence to group B streptococcus (GBS) prevention guidelines among cases of early-onset GBS disease in term and preterm neonates and to estimate the potential for further reduction in disease burden under current prevention strategies. METHODS: We reviewed labor and delivery and prenatal records of mothers of neonates with early-onset GBS disease (aged younger than 7 days with GBS isolated from a normally sterile site) identified at population-based surveillance sites in 2008–2009. We interviewed prenatal care providers about GBS screening practices and obtained relevant laboratory records. We evaluated the data for errors in prenatal screening, laboratory methods, communication of results, and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Using published data on screening sensitivity and intrapartum prophylaxis effectiveness, we estimated the potential reduction in cases under optimal prevention implementation. RESULTS: Among 309 cases, 179 (57.9%) had one or more implementation errors. The most common error type in term and preterm case-patients was prenatal screening (80 of 222 [36.0%]) and intrapartum prophylaxis (46 of 85 [54.1%]), respectively. We estimated that under optimal implementation, cases of early-onset GBS disease could be reduced by 26–59% with the largest benefit from a single intervention coming from improved use of intrapartum prophylaxis (16% decrease). CONCLUSION: Further reduction of early-onset GBS disease burden is possible under current prevention strategies, particularly with improved implementation of antibiotic prophylaxis. However, even with perfect adherence to recommended practices, the decline in cases may be modest. Therefore, novel prevention approaches such as improved intrapartum assays and vaccines are also needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Proposing the control‐reactance compliance model (CRCM) to explain opposing motivations to comply with organisational information security policies

Organisations increasingly rely on information and related systems, which are also a source of risk. Unfortunately, employees represent the greatest risk to organisational information because they are the most frequent source of information security breaches. To address this ‘weak link’ in organisational security, most organisations have strict information security policies (ISPs) designed to thwart employee information abuses. Regrettably, these ISPs are only partially effective because employees often ignore them, circumvent them or even do the opposite of what management desires. Research on attempts to increase ISP compliance has produced similarly mixed results. Lack of compliance with ISPs is a widespread organisational issue that increasingly bears disproportionately large direct and qualitative costs that undermine strategy.
Pattern of Shedding of Small, Round‐Structured Virus Particles in Stools of Patients of Outbreaks of Food‐Poisoning from Raw Oysters

The pattern of shedding of the small, round‐structured virus (SRSV) particles in the stools of patients who suffered from food‐poisoning due to raw oysters was investigated. The duration and concentration of fecal shedding of the SRSV particles were studied by electron microscopic examinations of stool specimens obtained during the course of illness to see a relation of viral shedding to day of illness. It was found that the fecal shedding of the SRSV particles occurred within five days of illness; thereafter, the concentration of the SRSV particles in feces rapidly decreased within a few days during the course of illness.
Conductive properties and gating of channels formed by syringopeptin 25A, a bioactive lipodepsipeptide from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, in planar lipid membranes.

Syringopeptin 25A, a pseudomonad lipodepsipeptide, can form ion channels in planar lipid membranes. Pore conductance is around 40 pS in 0.1 M NaCl. Channel opening is strongly voltage dependent and requires a negative potential on the same side of the membrane where the toxin was added. These pores open and close with a lifetime of several seconds. At negative voltages, an additional pore state of around 10 pS and a lifetime of around 30 ms is also present. The voltage dependence of the rates of opening and closing of the stable pores is exponential. This allows estimation of the equivalent charge that is moved across the membrane during the process of opening at about 2.6 elementary charges. When NaCl is present, the pore is roughly 3 times more permeant for anions than for cations. The current voltage characteristic of the pore is nonlinear, i.e., pore conductance is larger at negative than at positive voltages. The maximal conductance of the pore depends on the concentration of the salt present, in a way that varies almost linearly with the conductivity of the solution. From this, an estimate of a minimal pore radius of 0.4 nm was derived.
Parents’ perspectives on the quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy: trajectory, choices and hope

Abstract Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome of health interventions for children and youth with cerebral palsy (CP). When planning interventions it is fundamental to understand what constitutes a good QoL, a subjective construct, and what factors are important to consider from both parents’ and children’s perspectives. Methods: We used a grounded theory methodology to explore parents’ perspectives on the factors that are important for the QoL of their adolescents with CP. Fourteen parents were interviewed using a purposeful sampling strategy, followed by theoretical sampling until saturation was reached. Results: Parents reflected on several important aspects of their children’s QoL. In particular, they described how their trajectories as parents of a child with a disability have contributed to their adolescents’ current well-being. Over time, parents’ hopes for a cure were transformed into hopes for their child’s happiness. This trajectory was influenced by the adolescents’ intrinsic characteristics and the parents’ strategies to overcome challenges and was informed by the parents’ and their children’s ability to make choices in pursuit of their preferences. Conclusions: Adolescents’ and parents’ accounts should be considered when planning interventions for adolescents with disabilities. It is important to consider parents’ personal characteristics, experiences and the strategies that have been proven to be efficacious in improving their children’s QoL and to understand their need to make choices relating to participation and accessibility in order to promote QoL for this at-risk population. Implications for Rehabilitation Parents’ trajectory on raising a child with a disability is important for understanding adolescents’ QoL. Parents’ characteristics and environmental factors influence adolescents’ well-being. Hope and choice experiences by parents of children with CP are important for their children’s QoL. Transition from pediatric to adult services are required to address disability-related aspects as well as adolescent needs for intimacy, sexuality and planning for their future during adolescence.
Low Absolute Neutrophil Counts in African Infants

Infants of African origin have a lower normal range of absolute neutrophil counts than white infants; this fact, however, remains under appreciated by clinical researchers in the United States. During the initial stages of a clinical trial in Malawi, the authors noted an unexpectedly high number of infants with absolute neutrophil counts that would be classifiable as neutropenic using the National Institutes of Health’s Division of AIDS toxicity tables. The authors argue that the relevant Division of AIDS table does not take into account the available evidence of low absolute neutrophil counts in African infants and that a systematic collection of data from many African settings might help establish the absolute neutrophil count cutpoints to be used for defining neutropenia in African populations.
Perceived quality of channel zapping

The end user experience of service quality is critical to the success of a service provider's IPTV deployment program. A key element involved in validating IPTV quality of experience (QoE) is how quickly and reliably users can change TV channels, often referred to as channel zapping. Currently there is no knowledge about the explicit relation between zapping time and the user perceived quality as expressed as a Mean Opinion Score (MOS). We have proposed a model where the MOS depends on the zapping time on a logarithmic scale. In order to validate our model we have conducted a number of subjective tests in order to get insight in this relation. The tests were performed by 21 test subjects at TNO and at Acreo. It turns out that the correlation between the subjective data and the perceptive model is very high (0.99). Therefore we conclude that our perceptive model is very useful for assessing the perceived quality of zapping. The result is not limited to IPTV but applies to any type of TV service with channel switching times that are not instantaneous, regardless whether it is terrestrial or satellite based.
The Demographics And Epidemiology Of Osteochondritis Dissecans Of The Ankle, Elbow, Foot, And Shoulder In Children

Objectives: To assess the demographics and epidemiology of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the ankle, elbow, foot, and shoulder in patients age 2-19. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on OCD between 2007 and 2011. Inclusion criteria included OCD of the ankle, elbow, foot, or shoulder, and patients aged 2-19. Exclusion criteria included the co-existence of any other intra-articular lesions. Joint involvement, laterality, and all patient demographics were recorded. The incidence of OCD in 2010 was determined for the ankle, elbow, and foot. Results: 125 patients with a total of 128 OCD lesions fit the inclusion criteria. 60.2% of lesions were right sided and 39.8% left sided. Males had 53.9% and females 46.1% of all lesions. Lesions of the ankle, elbow, foot, and shoulder represented 66.4%, 31.3%, 0.8%, and 1.6% of all joints, respectively. No OCD lesions were found in the 2-5 year-olds. The incidence of ankle OCD for patients aged 6-19 was 4.7 per 100,000 for all patients, and 3.5, and 6.0 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. The incidence of elbow OCD was 2.2 per 100,000 for all patients, and 3.8 and 0.6 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. The incidence of OCD in the foot was 0.15 per 100,000 for all patients. The male/female ratio for elbow OCD was 6.4/1, and 1/1.6 for ankle OCD. In the ankle joint, the vast majority involved the medial talus (71.8%), with most of the rest involving the lateral talus (22.4%). Females had 28.8% of lesions in the lateral talus while males had only 12.1%. Almost all elbow lesions (97.5%) involved the capitellum. In the shoulder, both lesions involved the glenoid, and in the foot, the single lesion involved the metatarsal head. Conclusion: In this population-based cohort study of pediatric OCD in nearly 1 million children, males had a greater incidence of OCD and most were right sided. Females had nearly twice the incidence of ankle OCD, while males had over 6 times the incidence of elbow OCD. To our knowledge, this is the largest epidemiologic/demographic study of pediatric OCD of the ankle, elbow, foot, and shoulder reported.
Faktor, kesan dan strategi menangani permasalahan kurang tumpuan pelajar sekolah menengah di dalam kelas: suatu kajian kualitatif

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor, kesan dan strategi menangani pelajar cenderung hilang tumpuan dalam kelas terutama dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah. Kajian ini dilakukan ke atas pelajar sekolah menengah dengan menemuramah seramai 12 orang pelajar secara lisan berkenaan faktor yang menyebabkan mereka hilang tumpuan dalam kelas, kesan terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran (P&P) dan strategi menangani masalah hilang tumpuan dalam kelas. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, didapati bahawa faktor sikap pelajar, bahan bantu mengajar, kurikulum, gaya pengajaran guru, rakan sebaya dan persekitaran mempengaruhi pelajar untuk hilang tumpuan dalam kelas sewaktu P&P dijalankan. Diharapkan dengan maklumat yang diperolehi daripada hasil kajian, kesan dan strategi menangani yang sesuai dapat dikenal pasti untuk mengurangkan pelajar hilang tumpuan dalam kelas di samping dapat meningkatkan keberkesanan proses P&P. Selain itu, diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai satu panduan untuk kajian dan seterusnya pada masa akan datang.
Fasting-induced changes to the pharmacokinetic behaviour of albendazole and its metabolites in calves.

The influence of fasting on the bioavailability and disposition kinetics of albendazole (ABZ) and its metabolites in cattle was investigated. ABZ (10 mg/ kg) was given by intraruminal (i.r.) (Experiment 1) and intravenous (i.v.) (Experiment 2) administration to Holstein calves either fed ad libitum (control) or subjected to a 48 h fasting period (fasted group) prior to treatment. The rate of passage of digesta through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was evaluated by measurement of cobalt faecal excretion following the oral administration of the sodium-cobalt-ethylendiamine-tetracetic acid complex to calves subjected to the feeding conditions above described. Jugular blood and abomasal fluid (via cannula) samples were collected over 120 h post-treatment; samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for ABZ, ABZ sulphoxide (ABZSO) and ABZ sulphone (ABZSO2). Fasting the animals prior to the i.r. treatment resulted in pronounced modifications to the plasma and abomasal fluid disposition kinetics of ABZ and its metabolites. A greater extent of GI absorption with significantly higher CmaX (150%) and AUC (310%) values for ABZSO in plasma, was observed in fasted compared to fed animals following the i.r. administration of ABZ. Extended detection of ABZ metabolites resulting in significantly longer plasma t 1/2el and MRT was also obtained in fasted compared to fed calves. These results correlated with the substantially enhanced availability of ABZ and its metabolites (AUCs over 200% greater) in the abomasal fluid of the fasted animals. Fasting did not induce changes to the plasma disposition of either ABZ or its metabolites after the i.v. treatment. The digesta passage rate, measured by the amount of cobalt excreted in faeces, was significantly lower in fasted compared to animals fed ad libitum. A delayed GI transit time that decreases the rate of passage of the drug down the digestive tract, may have accounted for enhanced ABZ dissolution and absorption in fasted compared to fed calves. The findings reported in this article show that fasting prior to treatment notably affects the bioavailability and disposition kinetics of ABZ and its metabolites in cattle.
Magnesium isotope geochemistry in arc volcanism

Significance Arc lavas from Martinique have nonmidocean ridge basalt Mg isotopic composition, which is consistent with the incorporation of subducted Mg. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of mantle-derived lavas with Mg isotopic composition heavier than oceanic basalts, heretofore shown to be isotopically homogenous. More importantly, our results provide insight into the strongly debated origins of Martinique arc lavas and suggest that contributions of Mg from fluids supplied by the subducted slab may play a significant control in the Mg isotopic systematics of arc lavas. Incorporation of subducted slab in arc volcanism plays an important role in producing the geochemical and isotopic variations in arc lavas. The mechanism and process by which the slab materials are incorporated, however, are still uncertain. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first set of Mg isotopic data for a suite of arc lava samples from Martinique Island in the Lesser Antilles arc, which displays one of the most extreme geochemical and isotopic ranges, although the origin of this variability is still highly debated. We find the δ26Mg of the Martinique Island lavas varies from −0.25 to −0.10, in contrast to the narrow range that characterizes the mantle (−0.25 ± 0.04, 2 SD). These high δ26Mg values suggest the incorporation of isotopically heavy Mg from the subducted slab. The large contrast in MgO content between peridotite, basalt, and sediment makes direct mixing between sediment and peridotite, or assimilation by arc crust sediment, unlikely to be the main mechanism to modify Mg isotopes. Instead, the heavy Mg isotopic signature of the Martinique arc lavas requires that the overall composition of the mantle wedge is buffered and modified by the preferential addition of heavy Mg isotopes from fluids released from the altered subducted slab during fluid−mantle interaction. This, in turn, suggests transfer of a large amount of fluid-mobile elements from the subducting slab to the mantle wedge and makes Mg isotopes an excellent tracer of deep fluid migration.