Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New HIV diagnoses among older adults in 31 European countries : an analysis of surveillance data from 2004 to 2015

Background: HIV burden among older adults in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) is increasing. We investigated factors associated with HIV diagnosis among older adults in 31 EU/EEA countries over 12-year period. Methods: We defined older and younger adults as ≥50 and 15-49 years old, respectively. We extracted new HIV diagnoses reported to the European Surveillance System during 2004-2015 and stratified them by age, gender, migration status, transmission route and CD4 count. We performed comparisons between the two age groups using chi-square test for difference, and assessed temporal trends using linear regression analysis. Findings: During 2004-2015 54102 new HIV diagnoses were reported in the EU/EEA among older adults. The average rate was 2.6 per 100000 population, significantly increasing over time (average annual change, AAC, 2.1%; p=0.0009). Notification rates increased in 16 countries, clustering in the EU/EEA central and eastern parts. In 2015, compared to younger adults, older individuals were more likely to originate from the reporting country, have acquired HIV via heterosexual contact, and present late (p<0.0001 for all). HIV diagnoses increased over time among older males (AAC 2.2%; p=0.0006), females (AAC 1.3%; p=0.0250), men who have sex with men (AAC 5.8%; p<0.0001) and injecting drug users (AAC 7.4%; p<0.0001). Interpretation: Our results point towards the compelling need to deliver more targeted testing interventions for older adults and the adult population at large, such as by increasing awareness among health care workers and expanding opportunities for provider-initiated and indicator-condition guided testing programmes. Funding: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
REMOVAL OF FLUORIDE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING LOW COST ADSORBENT

Fluoride contamination in drinking water due to natural and anthropogenic activities has been recognized as one of the major issue imposing a serious threat to human health. Among several treatment technologies applied for fluoride removal, adsorption process has been explored widely and offers satisfactory results, so objective of this study was to investigate or check efficiency of low cost adsorbent (Bleaching Powder) for the removal of excess fluoride from aqueous solution. The influence of various operational parameters viz. effect of adsorbent dose, pH, initial concentration and contact time were studied by a series of batch adsorption experiments. 7.3gm/100ml (0.7mg/l is the new limit of fluoride according to EPA & HSS) was calculated as optimum dose of adsorbent. It was noticed that adsorbent is showing a good efficiency between 6-10 pH. In contact time variation it was noticed that it show rapid adsorption of Fluoride from 4 to 7 hr, thereafter, the adsorption rate gradually reaches equilibrium in 8hr-9hr. These conditions make it very suitable for use in drinking water treatment. From these studies, it may be concluded that bleaching powder is an efficient and economical adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.
Epidemiological , Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Scorpion Envenomation in Batman , Turkey : An Analysis of 12 O Cases Batman

MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with scorpion sting were collected prospectively from presentations to emergency departments of Batman State Hospital from March 2007 to October 2007. The following information were prospectively recorded: demographics, circumstances of the sting, sting site, local and system ic effects, vital signs, past medical history, and the presence of shock
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Asian Substance-Dependent Patients: MMSE versus MoCA

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Manning V, Gomez B, Guo S, Wong KE, Assam PN, et al. (2016) Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Asian Substance-Dependent Patients: MMSE versus MoCA. Int Arch Addict Res Med 2:019 Received: April 19, 2016: Accepted: June 18, 2016: Published: June 20, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Manning V, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Manning et al. Int Arch Addict Res Med 2016, 2:019 Volume 2 | Issue 1 ISSN: 2474-3631
The Other Side of Value: Good Growth and the Gross Profitability Premium

Profitability, as measured by gross profits-to-assets, has roughly the same power as book-to-market predicting the cross-section of average returns. Profitable firms generate significantly higher average returns than unprofitable firms, despite having, on average, lower book-to-markets and higher market capitalizations. Controlling for profitability also dramatically increases the performance of value strategies, especially among the largest, most liquid stocks. These results are difficult to reconcile with popular explanations of the value premium, as profitable firms are less prone to distress, have longer cashflow durations, and have lower levels of operating leverage, than unprofitable firms. Controlling for gross profitability explains most earnings related anomalies, as well as a wide range of seemingly unrelated profitable trading strategies.
Do mating strategies determine genital allometry in African mole rats (Bathyergidae)

Allometry describes the relationship of components of an organism with change in overall body size and has become the focus of numerous studies on the evolution of genitalia. Typically, negative allometry is observed in insects and is explained by stabilizing selection whereas the very few studies on mammals have shown a positive allometric relationship of genitalia in the body size, thought to have arisen as a result of sexual selection. However, all mammal species studied to date are thought to use mainly post-copulatory mating strategies. Across mammals, however, both pre-and post-copulatory strategies occur (although the two are not mutually exclusive). We propose that where pre-copulatory strategies are mainly used, no reproductive benefits would result from evolving positively allometric genitalia. As such, mammal genitalia are not typically positively allometric but rather allometry will, to a certain degree, be determined by mating strategy. We tested this prediction using four species of African mole rats (Bathyergidae) exhibiting variation in their life histories and mating strategies. Although generally supported, in that positive allometry did not occur in species that we assumed use mainly pre-mating strategies, positive allometry did not occur in either of the promiscuous species thought to use post-copulatory strategies. We suggest, therefore, that while mating strategies may tentatively determine genital allometry, whether positively allometric genitalia occur also depends on a number of complex interacting factors. In addition, this study provides further evidence and empirical support for the co-evolution of male and female genitalia in mammals.
Fundamental solutions for a class of hypoelliptic PDE

We introduce a class of nilpotent Lie groups which arise naturally from the notion of composition of quadratic forms, and show that their standard sublaplacians admit fundamental solutions analogous to that known for the Heisenberg group. By a theorem of Hormander [6], if XI, . , X, are vector fields on a manifold N with the property that their commutators up to a certain order span the tangent space at every point, then the differential operator
Identification of an Anopheles Lineage-Specific Unique Heme Peroxidase HPX15: A Plausible Candidate for Arresting Malaria Parasite Development

Background: Human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by several species of Anopheles mosquito. The advancement of drug-resistant parasites and insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors are major hurdles in the malaria control. Alternatively, the manipulation of mosquito immunity is also an ideal way to block Plasmodium development inside the insect host. This approach demands the identification of key mosquito molecules that regulate anti-plasmodial immunity. Our previous findings revealed that the silencing of Anopheles gambiae heme peroxidase 15 (AgHPX15, AGAP013327) induced mosquito innate immunity and drastically suppressed the development of human and rodent malaria parasites. Further, we aim to characterize HPX15 orthologs in Indian malaria vectors and other worldwide-distributed anophelines to understand the novelty of this molecule as a plausible target to block Plasmodium development. Method: AgHPX15 orthologs were cloned from major Indian malaria vectors A. stephensi and A. culicifacies and their conserve domains were determined by CDD search tool. The sequence homology and phylogenetic relationship of these clones with other heme peroxidases was analysed using Mega5.2 software. Results and conclusion: We found that A. stephensi AsHPX15 and A. culicifacies AcHPX15 clones are close orthologs of A. gambiae AgHPX15. The phylogenetic relationship of these anopheline HPX15 with other animal and plant heme peroxidases revealed that they form a separate lineage-specific cluster and their orthologs are not found in human, nematodes or other related arthropods such as, Drosophila, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. However, their putative orthologs are present in 16 other globally distributed anophelines and exhibit a highly conserved amino acids identity in the range of 70-99%. Based on these findings we propose that the anopheline-specific and evolutionary conserved heme peroxidase HPX15 may serve as a unique target for designing transmission-blocking strategies to block Plasmodium-mosquito cycle. These findings will generate new frontiers in the field of malaria research and disease control.
Partial Comparative Messages in Competition

Partial comparative messages comprise a mixture of comparative and non-comparative claims. This study demonstrates how the extent to which non-comparative (NC), partial comparative (PC) and complete comparative (CC) messages influence consumer preference depends on the comparisons (i.e. NC, PC or CC) made by the messages promoting the two competing brands. A 3 (brand A used NC, PC or CC message) × 3 (brand B used NC, PC or CC message) design was used. Two studies (n=284, 283, respectively) show that participants preferred (1) the first brand they saw when both brands were promoted by NC messages, (2) neither brand when both brands were promoted by messages containing comparative claims, (3) the brand promoted by a PC message when the other brand was promoted by an NC message, and (4) the brand promoted by an NC message when the other brand was promoted by a CC message.
Numerical investigation of flow and sediment transport around a circular bridge

A computation module for sediment transport in open channels was developed and incorporated into the commercial code FLOW-3D. In the module, the bed-load transport is simulated with a non-equilibrium model. Effects of bed slop and material sliding are also taken into account. The bed deformation is obtained from an overall mass-balance equation for sediment transport. This paper presents the results of a model application to compute the temporal variation of flow and scour around a circular bridge pier. The experimental investigation has been carried out by Unger and Hager (2006). The predictions are compared with measurements of flow and bed deformation, for which the results show generally good agreement.
Predictors of Variation in Maternal Talk to Children: A Longitudinal Study of Low-Income Families

Objective. The goals of this study were (1) to examine the extent of variation in amount and lexical diversity of maternal talk to young children within a sample of low-income families, (2) to determine the patterns of change over time in maternal talk during the early childhood years, and (3) to consider specific predictors of variation in maternal communicative input. Design. Low-income mother - child dyads (n = 108) were videotaped at child ages 14, 24, and 36 months during semistructured play in the home. Videotapes were transcribed and analyzed using the conventions of the Child Language Data Exchange System to determine amount (word tokens) and lexical diversity (word types) of maternal talk to children. Background information collected from mothers at study entry served as predictors of variation in communicative input. Individual growth modeling methods were used to analyze data. Results. Mothers varied greatly in the number of tokens and types produced during interaction. Mothers were found to increase in their total amount of talk and diversity of vocabulary as children aged. In addition to child age, maternal education, language and literacy skills, depression, and age helped explain variation in level of maternal talk, but none of the predictors explained variation in growth. Different combinations of predictors explained variation in tokens versus types. Conclusions. Findings highlight the importance of studying specific predictors of parental talk to children, as even in low-income samples large variation in communicative input is evident.
Assessment as a Veritable Tool for Effective Teaching and Learning

This paper examines assessment as a tool for effective teaching and learning. It revealed the concept of teaching and learning in lined with its improvement through the use of assessment. The concept of assessment and its various forms were x-rayed as a means of assessing both the teaching and learning. The author thereafter examines the problems of operating assessment in the schools to include among others, the difficulty of incorporating assessment scores to final examinations, lack of qualified teachers and large classes. The author further shield light on the implications of assessment to teaching and learning with the main idea that, where assessment is implemented effectively, it raises standard of achievement across the board. Finally, the author recommends among others that stakeholders in education and the external examination bodies should brain storm on the possible ways to incorporate assessment scores of students to final examination scores, government and private organizations should assist in training and re-training of teachers to effectively handle students’ assessment and teachers were called upon to find way of receiving better feedback from learners by improving on the quality of class room dialogue. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013. v3n9p133
Projective Subspace Networks For Few-Shot Learning

Generalization from limited examples, usually studied under the umbrella of metalearning, equips learning techniques with the ability to adapt quickly in dynamical environments and proves to be an essential aspect of lifelong learning. In this paper, we introduce the Projective Subspace Networks (PSN), a deep learning paradigm that learns non-linear embeddings from limited supervision. In contrast to previous studies, the embedding in PSN deems samples of a given class to form an affine subspace. We will show that such modeling leads to robust solutions, yielding competitive results on supervised and semi-supervised few-shot classification. Moreover, our PSN approach has the ability of end-to-end learning. In contrast to previous works, our projective subspace can be thought of as a richer representation capturing higher-order information datapoints for modeling new concepts.
Reconciliation of high energy scale models of inflation with Planck

The inflationary cosmology paradigm is very successful in explaining the CMB anisotropy to the percent level. Besides the dependence on the inflationary model, the power spectra, spectral tilt and non-Gaussianity of the CMB temperature fluctuations also depend on the initial state of inflation. Here, we examine to what extent these observables are affected by our ignorance in the initial condition for inflationary perturbations, due to unknown new physics at a high scale M. For initial states that satisfy constraints from backreaction, we find that the amplitude of the power spectra could still be significantly altered, while the modification in bispectrum remains small. For such initial states, M has an upper bound of a few tens of H, with H being the Hubble parameter during inflation. We show that for M ∼ 20H, such initial states always (substantially) suppress the tensor to scalar ratio. In particular we show that such a choice of initial conditions can satisfactorily reconcile the simple ½m2ϕ2 chaotic model with the Planck data [1-3].
The Optimal Age to Start a Revolution

Previous research on the relationship between age and creativity has shown that career age, rather than chronological age, correlates best with longitudinal changes in creative productivity. Recently, Dietrich (2004) proposed a new theoretical framework that integrates cognitive neuroscience with the findings of creativity research. By identifying distinct neural mechanisms that might underlie different types of creative mentation, this framework makes empirically testable predictions about the relationship between age and creativity. In this paper, we report the results of such a test and question the concept that creativity is a function of career age for a special, but crucial instance. In the case of revolutionary science or significant innovative discoveries, as opposed to paradigmatic science, discoveries are almost exclusively made by individuals who are young, both in terms of career and chronological age. These results remain robust even when taking into account the proportion of young scientists in the population of scientists. Neuroscientific data shows that a decline in prefrontal cortex function due to aging causes perseveration, the antithesis of creativity. Consequently, we interpret our findings that paradigm-busting ideas occur overwhelmingly to people in their 20’s and early 30’s, as indication that a nimble prefrontal cortex, and thus chronological age, is a critical factor. Simonton (1997) has shown that “creative productivity is a function of career age, not chronological age” (p.70). Although career age and chronological age are highly correlated, latecomers to a discipline show the same career trajectories and landmarks, making career age the better measure (Simonton,
Histological and histochemical study on the uropygial gland of the goose (Anser Anser).

A study on the microscopic anatomy of the uropygial gland was conducted in 10 female and 10 male one-year-old healthy geese (Anser Anser). The tissue samples were stained by haematoxylin eosin and special techniques: Van Giesson, Verhoeff’s, Gomori’s, Alcian blue, Periodic acidSchiff, Oil red O, and Sudan black B. The goose uropygial gland was enclosed by a capsule of connective tissue which contained Herbst corpuscles, smooth muscles, fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, elastic, reticular and collagenous fibres. All the connective tissue fibres and lymphatic aggregations were found in the intertubular interstitium of gland. The gland’s parenchyma was composed of many simple secretory tubules that opened central main ducts. The tubular epithelial cells are classified into germinative, intermediate, secretory and degenerative layers. Each lobe was divided into two different zones, an outer sebaceous and an inner glycogen zones. In the Alcian blue staining, positive reaction was observed in all surface epithelial cells. Neutral mucosubstances (weakly acid mucopolysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid and sialomucins) were seen in the glands. Not only neutral lipids, but also sudanophilic lipids have been observed in both sexes. No significant sex-based differences were found.
Have We All Just Become “Robo-Sapiens”? Reflections on Social Influence Processes in the Internet Age

The first author (Rosanna Guadagno) is old enough to remember the dawn of the World Wide Web. In 1994, she was working as a Human–Computer Interaction Engineer at a large Silicon Valley corporation. Her group was asked to learn the language of the web (HTML) in preparation for the webbased products—including a long-forgotten search engine—the company had in the initial phases of the software development life cycle. At this time, there was no Google, no Myspace, no Facebook, no Twitter, or any kind of social networking sites, nor were there any news or celebrity gossip sites to entertain individuals expecting a 24-hr news cycle. In the old days, REG usually ran out of links after The Lurker’s Guide to Babylon 5,1 Captain Kirk’s Sing Along Page2, and her teammates’ pages. Unlike the Internet of today, where a person can literally spend hours following links from website to website or Google a topic or celebrity and find hundreds, if not thousands, of informative web pages, the early World Wide Web was static and finite. The web has changed so much in such a relatively short time span. In 1994, most web pages comprised information, possibly some pictures, and perhaps some links, but afforded no integrated means of social interaction—at best there were contact forms and mailto: (e-mail) links, otherwise there were references to alternative interactive options such as usenet groups (similar to today’s forums) or IRC channels, or offline contact details (phone numbers and physical addresses). Today, the Internet offers many ways to connect with others (Facebook’s “Like” button and its many imitations, integrated text, audio, and/or video chat and comment systems, e-mail, social media, a plethora of online conferencing and collaboration tools, blogs, microblogs, link-sharing sites, MMORPGs, online classes, etc.), and all of these provide different amounts of social and nonverbal cues. Thus, the Internet has be-
Binge Eating Disorder (BED):Nutritional Prevention and Treatment

The Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the food disorder with higher prevalence in the world’s population when compared with the classical entities Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa. In this disorder, the person eats an excessive amount of food, losing control over what and how much is eaten, followed by feelings of guilt, shame, and/or disgust, with no use of compensatory methods. As the prognosis of BED is often found in peopleseeking treatment for weight loss, it is important that nutritionists know how to identify and conduct the correct procedures when dealing with this disorder. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the role of nutrition in procedures on the prevention and on the treatmentof BED. Prevention of BED is possible by early identification of behaviors, especially food behaviors, prior to the development of this disorder. The use of screening questionnaires, body image and the research on family history are important ways to identify risk factors for BED. The awareness about diets and encouraging a healthy diet with regular schedules individualized or in groups can help in preventing BED. Binge Eating treatment should be performed by a multidisciplinary team and Nutrition’s professional are responsible for adapting the eating patterns of patients. The use of food diary and guidelines on healthy eating aimed at weight loss or not, showed positive results and should be adopted by nutritionists for the treatment of Binge Eating Disorder.