Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on Character Improvement in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Heterosis

Most of the tomato varieties in Bangladesh are of inbred type and produced low yield indicating need to develop high yielding variety through the hybridization. Heterosis breeding is used to improve yield and quality of tomato because traditional methods cannot be used to achieve this goal. A half diallel design was employed to develop F1s from seven parents of winter tomato. 21 F1s along with their parents were evaluated for yield and quality traits. Heterosis analysis revealed that heterotic vigor was present for growth and yield characters among hybrids. Heterosis for better parent was negative for days to flowering, days to harvest, harvest duration, number of locules, and number of seeds per fruit but positive for fruit set, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, pericarp thickness and TSS. None of the hybrid was heterotic for all characters simultaneously. The hybrids G5, G13, G16, G17, G18, and G20 had 25.73, 19.92, 39.20, 36.49, 53.77, and 50.31% higher heterosis compared to the better parent, respectively, for fruit yield per plant as well as for many other yield contributing traits. High heterosis for yield appears to be the consequence of heterosis of yield attributing traits; therefore, these hybrids offer scope of developing improved commercial lines through heterosis breeding.
Investigating the Effects of Reward Interdependence and Nonfinancial Incentives on NPD Collaboration in Diverse Project Teams

New product development (NPD) collaboration is an essential trigger for new product success. Many scholars have emphasized the reward system as an effective tool to manage NPD collaboration. Yet, our understanding about what types of rewards should be used for NPD collaboration is still unclear. This research examines the effects of reward interdependence and nonfinancial incentives on NPD collaboration, as well as the moderating roles of team size and deep-level heterogeneity. Findings from a field study involving 83 NPD project teams in China showed that both nonfinancial incentives and reward interdependence promoted NPD collaboration. Specifically, team size negatively moderated the relationships between incentive mechanisms and NPD collaboration. The reward interdependence–NPD collaboration relationship was negatively moderated by deep-level heterogeneity. Finally, suggestions for further research and project management practices are discussed.
Extraction of Carrier Phase Delay for Nonlinear Errors Compensation of PGC Demodulation in an SPM Interferometer

Traditional phase generated carrier (PGC) schemes require that the carrier phase delay be kept zero and the phase modulation depth be maintained at a certain value; otherwise, serious nonlinear errors will be introduced into the phase demodulation of a sinusoidal phase modulation interferometer. Proposed herein is a robust carrier phase delay extraction method for nonlinear errors compensation of PGC demodulation that mitigates the effect of the interference phase shift. The carrier phase delay is directly extracted by adopting the first-, second-, and fourth-order in-phase and quadrature harmonic components generated by quadrature multi-harmonics frequency down conversion. Further, with the extracted phase delay, real-time compensations for the phase delay and phase demodulation depth are realized simultaneously in PGC demodulation. Theoretical analysis and derivation of the proposed method are given in detail. Simulation and displacement measurement experiments with different phase delays and phase modulation depths are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to precisely extract the phase delay and efficiently eliminate the effects of the phase delay and modulation depth instability.
What Passed Is Past? the Role of Recent Adverse Events in Physician Treatment Decisions

In many areas of medical care, physician treatment decisions are made under substantial uncertainty. In the context of obstetrics, this uncertainty may predispose physicians to use decisionmaking heuristics when choosing between a cesarean or a vaginal mode of delivery. In this study, I examine whether obstetricians overreact to a prior patient’s adverse obstetric events when making subsequent delivery-mode choices, and if so, its effect on patient welfare. Using electronic health record data from a large academic hospital, I find that experiencing adverse obstetric events in one delivery-mode makes the physician more likely to switch to the other (and likely inappropriate) delivery-mode on the next patient, regardless of patient indication. Physician switching after adverse events is also associated with increased resource use by the physician and worse patient outcomes. I formally test and reject the hypothesis that observed physician behavior is consistent with Bayesian updating, and conclude that it is likely an overreaction to salient, negative events. These results highlight a source of cognitive bias in clinical settings, which may inform future efforts to improve physician decision-making through increased awareness or policy interventions. JEL Codes: D91, D81, I10 Word Count: 8000 *I am incredibly grateful for detailed feedback from David Howard, Ian McCarthy, Jason Hockenberry, Jacob Zureich, and Caitlyn Fleming. I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Emory Laney PDS Program for obtaining the data required for this study. ‡ Corresponding author: manasvini.singh@emory.edu; 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta GA 30322
Boron stress inhibits beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growth through influencing endogenous hormones and oxidative stress response

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pleiotropic effects of boron stress on beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growth. Methods: Beet seedlings were treated with varying concentrations of H3BO3 (0.05, 0.5, 2, and 30 mg/L) for 30 d for evaluation of diverse morphological parameters related to shoot and root growth. Transverse sections of beet leaves were observed under a microscope, and the leaf thickness was measured. Photosynthesis in beet was evaluated by measuring the photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and chlorophyll content; chloroplast morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the levels of diverse endogenous hormones, as well as oxidative stress parameters, were also analyzed in beet leaves. Results: We found that boron accumulated in different beet tissues but was observed mainly in mature leaves, followed by young leaves, mature petioles, young petioles, and roots. Boron stress (boron toxicity, 30 mg/L; boron deficiency, 0.05 mg/L) significantly inhibited beet shoot, root growth, and leaf expansion while promoting leaf thickening. Additionally, the levels of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin A3, and zeatin in beet leaves decreased significantly under boron stress, whereas the level of abscisic acid increased. Moreover, the levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and proline in beet leaves increased significantly under boron stress. Conclusion: Together, our results indicate that boron stress significantly inhibited normal beet growth via the influence of endogenous hormone levels and oxidative stress responses.
Engineering giant Rashba spin-orbit splitting in graphene via 
n−p
 codoping

Spin-orbit coupling in graphene is able to induce various topological phases and is also crucial for potential application in graphene-based spintronics. However, graphene itself exhibits extremely weak spin-orbit coupling, and it is rather challenging to enhance the spin-orbit coupling without drastically affecting its fundamental physical property in graphene via external means. In this paper, we show that the charge-compensated $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ codoping approach not only can overcome the main shortcomings arising from single-element adsorption in graphene but can also result in a large Rashba spin-orbit splitting. As an example, we codope heavy adatoms with outer-shell $p$ electrons (e.g., Tl atoms acting as $n$-type dopants) on $p$-type doped graphene (e.g., by substituting carbon atoms with B atoms). We find the following: (1) Electrostatic attraction between $n$- and $p$-type dopants effectively enhances the adsorption and diffusion barrier of metallic adatoms and suppresses the undesirable formation of clustering. (2) Large Rashba spin-orbit splitting ($\ensuremath{\sim}130\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ for 6.25% B-Tl-codoped graphene) is produced due to the electrostatic interaction. (3) The charge-compensated nature and mutual screening of $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ codopants preserve the Dirac dispersion of charge carriers to some extent.
Uptake and Translocation of Terbacil in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and Goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa)

Terbacil (3 - tert - butyl - 5 - chloro - 6 - methyluracil) uptake by roots and translocation were evaluated as possible bases of tolerance in two species, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne 'Sunrise’ and ‘Guardian’) and goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa Miller). Tolerance of goldenrod to terbacil was at least five-fold that of strawberry. Strawberry was at least four - fold more tolerant than highly terbacil - sensitive cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Chipper’). Guardian, a reported susceptible strawberry cultivar, was as tolerant to terbacil as the tolerant cultivar, Sunrise. Distribution of 14C within the plant, but not uptake of label through roots, was found to be correlated to relative tolerance to terbacil when the roots of intact plants of all species were exposed for various time periods to a nutrient solution containing 2 -14C terbacil. The observed distribution patterns suggest that tolerance to terbacil in strawberry and goldenrod is at least partially attributable to the restricted translocation of root - absorbed herbicide. The greater tolerance of goldenrod than strawberry to terbacil was apparently unrelated to the restriction of herbicide to root tissue.
ANALISIS PENDETEKSIAN KECURANGAN (FRAUD) LAPORAN KEUANGAN OLEH AUDITOR EKSTERNAL

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan menguraikan permasalahan dalam pendeteksian kecurangan dalam audit atas laporan keuangan oleh auditor eksternal. Meskipun pendeteksian kecurangan penting untuk meningkatkan nilai pengauditan, namun terdapat banyak masalah yang dapat menghalangi implementasi dari pendeteksian yang tepat.Berdasarkan telaah atas berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan, ada terdapat empat faktor penyebab besar yang diidentifikasikan melalui peneitian ini. Pertama, karakteristik terjadinya kecurangan sehingga menyulitkan proses pendeteksian. Kedua, standar pengauditan belum cukup memadai untuk menunjang pendeteksian yang sepantasnya. Ketiga, lingkungan kerja audit dapat mengurangi kualitas audit dan keempat metode dan prosedur audit yang ada tidak cukup efektif untuk melakukan pendeteksian kecurangan. Berdasarkan permasalahan ini, perbaikan yang perlu disarankan untuk diterapkan.
S : C A

Novija istraæivanja neprijeporno potvruju da postoji kliniËki relevantan meusobni utjecaj izmeu parodontitisa i odreenih sustavnih bolesti, to jest stanja vaænih i za stomatologa u svakodnevnoj praksi i za lijeËnika opÊe medicine. Ovaj Ëlanak daje najnovije obavijesti o utjecaju parodontnih bolesti u sustavnim bolestima koje ukljuËuju kardiovaskularne bolesti i aterosklerozu, diabetes mellitus, respiratorne bolesti i nepoæeljne ishode trudnoÊe. Takoer obrauje utjecaj dijabetesa i puπenja u parodontnim tkivima.
Notes for Lecture 1 1 a Brief Historical Overview

Hundreds of interesting and important combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard, and so it is unlikely that any of them can be solved by a wost-case efficient exact algorithm. Short of proving P = NP, when one deals with an NP-hard problem one must accept a relaxation of one or more of the requirements of having a an optimal algorithm that runs in polynomial time on all inputs. Possible ways of “coping” with NP-hardness are to design algorithms that
The mediating role of family dynamics in the relationship between paternal incarceration and child behavior problems

ABSTRACT While many scholars acknowledge that there are collateral consequences of mass incarceration, there remains considerable work to be done in understanding the nuanced way in which paternal incarceration influences child development. A growing body of research has begun examining the specific mechanisms through which a father’s time in jail or prison might influence child behavior. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examines maternal depression, maternal parenting stress, paternal involvement, and spanking as potential mediators in the relationship between paternal incarceration and child behavior problems. Results indicate that paternal incarceration exerts a persistent direct effect on child externalizing behaviors (i.e., aggression, rule-breaking), and an indirect effect on both externalizing and internalizing behaviors (i.e., withdrawal, anxiety, and somatic disorders) via parenting mechanisms, even after controlling for pre-incarceration levels of mechanisms and child behavior problems. The limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Prediction of microsleeps using EEG inter-channel relationships

A microsleep is a brief and involuntary sleep-related loss of consciousness of up to 15 s during an active and attention-demanding task. Such episodes of unresponsiveness are of particularly high importance in people who perform high-risk and monotonous activities requiring extendedattention and unimpaired visuomotor performance, such as car and truck drivers, train drivers, pilots, and air-traffic controllers, where microsleeps can, and do, result in catastrophic accidents and fatalities. Microsleep-related accidents can potentially be avoided and thereby lives saved, if microsleeps are noninvasively and accurately predicted. The aim of this study was to explore various inter-channel relationships in the electroencephalogram (EEG) for detection/prediction of microsleeps. In addition to feature-level and decision-level data fusion techniques, ensemble classification techniques were investigated to improve microsleep detection/prediction accuracies. The data used in this research were from a previous study in which 15 healthy non-sleepdeprived participants performed two 1-h sessions of 1-D continuous tracking task. Eight subjects were included for the analyses, all of whom experienced at least one microsleep during the two sessions of the task. A gold-standard was formed by integrating two independent measures of the video-rating from a human expert and tracking performance. An average duration of microsleep was 2.16 min/h. Three univariate feature sets, namely variance, wavelet spectral power, and entropy features were extracted from individual channels of EEG. Seven bivariate and symmetric feature sets were directly extracted from pairs of EEG channels. Three of the 7 feature sets were non-normalized (i.e., covariance, wavelet cross-spectral power, joint entropy) and 4 were normalized (i.e., Pearson’s correlation coefficient, wavelet coherence, mutual information, phase synchronization index (PSI)). Eleven feature sets were extracted from coefficients of a multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model, fitted to the EEG time series. Five of the 11 feature sets were non-causal (i.e., cross-spectral power, coherence, imaginary part of the coherency (iCOH), partial coherence (pCOH), PSI), whereas 6 were causal (i.e., partial directed coherence (PDC), generalized PDC (GPDC), directed transfer function (DTF), normalized directed transfer function (nDTF), direct DTF (dDTF), full frequency DTF (ffDTF)). All features were extracted from a window length of 5 s of EEG . Feature sets extracted from EEG time series of each session were demeaned with respect to mean of their first 2 min features. Two supervised feature-selection techniques were used to select discriminatory and relevant
Residues of Simazine and Hydroxysimazine in an Orchard Soil

Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] was applied annually at 4.5 kg/ha to uncultivated sandy loam of peach (Prunus persica Batsch) for 7 yr (orchard A) and 9 yr (orchard B). Simazine and the metabolite, hydroxysimazine [2-hydroxy-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine] as determined by gas chromatography (GC) persisted for 40 and 28 months in soil of orchard A and B, respectively. However, no progressive accumulation of either compound in large quantities occurred from repeated annual applications of simazine to the orchard soils. No metabolites other than hydroxysimazine were detected. Hydroxysimazine was degraded more slowly than simazine and the residue levels of hydroxysimazine were at least 40 times those of simazine 40 months and 28 months after the final application in orchard A and B, respectively. Both simazine and hydroxysimazine residues were detected in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile.
Quantifying variations in shortwave aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions using local meteorology and cloud state constraints

Abstract. While many studies have tried to quantify the sign and the magnitude of the warm marine cloud response to aerosol loading, both remain uncertain, owing to the multitude of factors that modulate microphysical and thermodynamic processes within the cloud. Constraining aerosol–cloud interactions using the local meteorology and cloud liquid water may offer a way to account for covarying influences, potentially increasing our confidence in observational estimates of warm cloud indirect effects. A total of 4 years of collocated satellite observations from the NASA A-Train constellation, combined with reanalysis from MERRA-2, are used to partition marine warm clouds into regimes based on stability, the free atmospheric relative humidity, and liquid water path. Organizing the sizable number of satellite observations into regimes is shown to minimize the covariance between the environment or liquid water path and the indirect effect. Controlling for local meteorology and cloud state mitigates artificial signals and reveals substantial variance in both the sign and magnitude of the cloud radiative response, including regions where clouds become systematically darker with increased aerosol concentration in dry, unstable environments. A darkening effect is evident even under the most stringent of constraints. These results suggest it is not meaningful to report a single global sensitivity of cloud radiative effect to aerosol. To the contrary, we find the sensitivity can range from −0.46 to 0.11 Wm−2 ln(AI)−1 regionally.
Comparison of semen characteristics and histological structure of the testis from transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits

The aim of this study was to compare semen characteristics including sperm quantity, quality, and abnormalities, as well as histological structure of the testis of three-year old transgenic (human clotting factor, hFVIII, gene) and nontransgenic rabbits. For the experiment, 10 transgenic rabbits of F2 and F3 generations and 10 randomly selected non-transgenic males of the same breed and age were used as controls. All males were housed in individual cages, under a the same environmental conditions: photoperiod (14L:10D), temperature (18-20°C), and humidity (65-70%). Semen samples, collected once a week for 20 wk from each control and transgenic male, were analyzed by computer assited semen analysis within a few minutes following natural ejaculation into an artificial vagina. Concentration of spermatozoa was higher in the transgenic than in the non-transgenic group (P<0.001; 316.6±148.8 and 126.7±64.4×106/ mL, respectively). Significant differences (P<0.1) between transgenic and non-transgenic males were observed also in spermatozoa motility (63.08 vs. 32.60%). Significantly higher (P<0.05) relative volume (8.08±2.89%) and diameter of testicular lumen (36.89±23.11 μm) were found in the transgenic animals compared to control animals (16.69±4.70%, 53.89±25.42 μm). Our results show that spermatozoa parameters and histological structure of the testis can be used for the characterization of male reproductive traits of older transgenic rabbits.
The impact of foreign ownership on corporate governance: evidence from an emerging market

This research explores the influence of foreign ownership on non-financial public shareholding firms in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study involved an investigation into the connection between non-Jordanian ownership and the company growth opportunity, stock liquidity, leverage, dividend policy and business output. The results highlight that foreign ownership can provide improved corporate governance practices by playing a decisive role in increasing the growth opportunity and enhancing the firms’ market valuation, as measured by Tobin’s Q. Moreover, the findings indicate that companies with foreign board membership have better operating performance and higher firm value. The rewards were reaped by foreign investors based on their superior monitoring ability, which affects the decisions made and actions taken by management.
Biliary Obstruction Promotes Multilineage Differentiation of Hepatic Stem Cells

Because of their high regenerative potential, stem cells are an ideal resource for development of therapies that replace injured tissue mass and restore function in patients with end‐stage liver diseases. Using a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL) and biliary fibrosis, we investigated cell engraftment, liver repopulation, and ectopic tissue formation after intrasplenic transplantation of epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Fetal liver cells were infused into the spleens of Fisher 344 rats with progressing biliary fibrosis induced by common BDL or rats without BDL. Cell delivery was well tolerated. After migration to the liver, donor‐derived stem/progenitor cells engrafted, differentiated into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and formed large cell clusters at 2 months in BDL rats but not controls. Substantial numbers of donor cells were also detected at the splenic injection site where they generated hepatic and nonhepatic tissue. Transplanted cells differentiated into phenotypes other than hepato/cholangiocytic cells only in rats that underwent BDL. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated marked up‐regulation of tissue‐specific genes of nonhepatic endodermal lineages (e.g., caudal type homeobox 2 [Cdx2], pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 [Pdx1], keratin 13 [CK‐13]), confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: BDL and its induced fibrosis promote liver repopulation by ectopically transplanted fetal liver‐derived cells. These cell fractions contain multipotent stem cells that colonize the spleen of BDL rats and differentiate into multiple gastrointestinal tissues, including liver, pancreas, intestine, and esophagus. The splenic microenvironment, therefore, represents an ideal niche to assess the differentiation of these stem cells, while BDL provides a stimulus that induces their differentiation.
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL TOPIC FORUM

We define “entrepreneuring” as efforts to bring about new economic, social, institutional, and cultural environments through the actions of an individual or group of individuals. Thus, we view entrepreneuring as an emancipatory process with broad change potential. This view foregrounds three aspects of entrepreneuring that merit closer attention in future research—seeking autonomy, authoring, and making declarations. We highlight the novel directions for entrepreneurship research suggested by our emancipatory perspective and relate it to the special topic forum articles.