Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
White race as a risk factor for hypothyroidism after treatment for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE Hypothyroidism frequently occurs after treatment for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma, but race has not been investigated as a risk factor for this delayed toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether race is an independent risk factor for hypothyroidism in survivors of pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS To identify differences between black and white patients in the development of hypothyroidism after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma, we conducted a retrospective study of consecutively treated pediatric patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN) from January 1980 through December 2002. Clinical or biochemical hypothyroidism was defined by an above normal thyroxine-stimulating hormone concentration or by the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS The 461 patients (388 white patients, 73 black patients) where followed for a median of 11.3 years (range, 1.8 to 24.9 years). Hypothyroidism developed in 196 (43%) of 461 patients after a median of 2.9 years (range, 0.7 to 11.3 years) after diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hypothyroidism developed in 47% of white patients but in only 21% of black patients (hazard ratio = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.6). After adjusting for other risk factors for hypothyroidism (thyroid radiation dose, sex, and nodular sclerosis histology), the risk of hypothyroidism in white patients was 2.5 times (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.3 times) the risk in black patients (P < .001). CONCLUSION White patients have a higher risk of hypothyroidism after neck irradiation for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma than black patients.
The Impacts of Country-of-Origin, Product Involvement, and Product Familiarity on Product Evaluation

One of the most interesting phenomena in global business is the existence of a product’s country-of-origin (COO). COO as an informational cue has been proven to affect consumer’s purchasing decisions in terms of their perception towards the product’s attributes as well as their overall evaluation of the product. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of country-of-origin on product evaluation in the Indonesian market by considering consumers’ product familiarity and consumers’ product involvement. Consumers’ perception of the product’s country-of-origin is assumed to have a significant influence on consumers’ considerations in evaluating the product prior to purchase. This impact is supposedly moderated by the extent that consumers are familiar with the product’s attributes and to what extent the product is important and interesting to them. A survey design was employed to test the proposed linkages among the variables. The target population of the survey was Indonesian consumers of imported products. The sample unit is the person who has experience in buying or consuming foreign products. The sample of 307 persons was drawn from Yogyakarta. This study examined televisions to represent a high involvement product. The country stimuli are Korea and Indonesia . The study applied the regression analyses and hierarchical moderated regression to test the proposed hypotheses. The study found that: (1) Indonesian consumers associate positively a product’s country-of-origin with their decision in evaluating the product for both Indonesian and Korean products, (2) Indonesian consumers consider the level of economic development of the countryof- origin in evaluating the product, in which the effect of the country-of-origin is stronger for a Korean product than an Indonesian product, (3) Indonesian consumers with different levels of product familiarity do not evaluate a product differently for both Indonesian and Korean products, (4) Indonesian consumers with different levels of product involvement evaluate a Korean product differently.
Mixed Mode (Internet and Mail) Probability Samples and Survey Representativeness: The Case of New Mexico 2008

We examine a post election mixed-mode (Internet and mail) survey design of 2008 general election voters in terms of its representativeness. Sampled registered voters in New Mexico received a letter about a week after Election Day requesting their participation in a post election survey and were provided a URL through which they could enter the survey or they could call a toll free number and request a mail survey. Nonrespondents were sent 2 reminder postcards. We compare sample means to population means on key demographic characteristics and examine how mail and Internet respondents differed in terms of attitudes, behaviors and demographics. We find that overall the Internet sample did a very good job of representing the population and that respondent choice of mode did not influence item response. Given the new opportunities provided by the Internet for engaging in desktop surveys, examining the effectiveness of these methods is essential to assessing their future viability. This paperﾒs contribution is in its attempt to begin addressing these issues outside the context of large national surveys.
Clinical predictors of outcomes in patients undergoing emergency air medical transport from Kinmen to Taiwan

Abstract Emergency air medical transport (EAMT) is indispensable for acutely or critically ill patients in remote areas. We determined patient-level and transport-specific factors associated with all-cause mortality after EAMT. We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using a prospective registry consisting of clinical/medical records. Study inclusion criteria consisted of all adults undergoing EAMT from Kinmen hospital to the ED of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH) between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2012. The primary outcome assessments were 7-day and 30-day mortality. A total of 370 patients transported to TVGH were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 54.5 ± 21.5 (SD) years and with a male predominance (71.6%). The average in-transit time was 1.4 ± 0.4 hours. The 7-day, 30-day, and in-hospital mortality rates were 10.3%, 14.1%, and 14.9%. Among them 33.5% (124/370) were categorized under neurological etiologies, whereas 24.9% (90/370) cardiovascular, followed by 16.2% (60/370) trauma patients. Independent predictors associated with 7-day all-cause mortality were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.043, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.016–1.070), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (OR 0.730, 95% CI 0.650–0.821), and hematocrit level (OR 0.930, 95% CI 0.878–0.985). Independent predictors associated with 30-day all-cause mortality were age (OR 1.028, 95% CI 1.007–1.049), GCS (OR 0.686, 95% CI 0.600–0.785), hematocrit (OR 0.940, 95% CI 0.895–0.988), hemodynamic instability (OR 5.088 95% CI 1.769–14.635), and endotracheal intubation (OR 0.131 95% CI 0.030–0.569). The 7-day and 30-day mortality were not significantly related to transport-specific factors, such as length of flight, type of paramedic crew on board, or day and season of transport. Clinical patient-level factors, as opposed to transport-level factors, were associated with 7- and 30-day all-cause mortality in patients undergoing interfacility EAMT from Kinmen to Taiwan.
Null Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 genotypes and oral cancer susceptibility in China and India--a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Genetic variation is considered to strongly impact on detoxification of carcinogens and therefore is related to cancer risk. However, findings for the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 have not always been consistent. Therefore the present meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS We accessed the reported study at different research areas and used various databases, including PubMed and Wanfang Med Onlion from 1990 to May 1st 2013. We calculated the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value for oral cancer by using Review Manager 5.1 and STATE 12. RESULTS We found that there was no increased oral cancer risk among subjects carrying GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype (OR=1.35, 95%CI=0.68-2.68, P=0.39) and (OR=1.41, 95%CI=0.72-2.77, P=0.31) in the Chinese population. In contrast, in studies in India a significant correlation between GSTM1 null genotype and oral cancer was observed (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.20-2.11, P=0.001), but not in GSTT1 (OR=1.21, 95% CI = 0.84-1.74, P=0.31). CONCLUSION We discovered that GSTM1 deletion polymorphism had a significant effect on the susceptibility of oral cancer in the Indian population.
Effects of Director and Officer Liability Insurance Coverage on Information Disclosure Quality and Corporate Fraud

ABSTRACT We empirically test the monitoring role of director and officer (D&O) insurance coverage by investigating the association between D&O insurance coverage and the information disclosure quality and incidence of corporate fraud for firms listed in Taiwan. The empirical evidence reveals that a firm may raise the quality of information disclosure by purchasing D&O insurance. However, the empirical results do not support the monitoring effect of D&O insurance coverage on corporate fraud.
Time Allocation to Energy Resource Collection in Rural Ethiopia: Gender-Disaggregated Household Responses to Changes in Firewood Availability

This paper presents evidence on rural Ethiopian householdsâ€™ time allocation to different activities, especially fuel collection work, and examines the effect of changes in the availability of firewood resources on householdsâ€™ time allocation to fuel collection and on- and off-farm income generation. Based on firsthand insights from focus group discussions conducted with farmers in three rural villages of Ethiopia and data from an IFPRI-CIMMYT (International Food Policy Research Institute/International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) household survey implemented by the Association of Ethiopian Microfinance Institutions, the results show that women are involved in more time-consuming and simultaneous work activities than men and hold the primary responsibility for fuel collection
Stellate transformation of invasive trophoblast: a distinct phenotype of trophoblast that is involved in decidual vascular remodelling and controlled invasion during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Successful implantation relies on the tightly regulated invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). However, little is known about their phenotypic differentiation and relevant motile behaviour. Furthermore, the cell-cell interactions between EVTs and decidual arterioles during physiological transformation are also poorly understood. METHODS A total of 128 decidual specimens from early and late gestations containing components of EVTs and spiral arterioles were investigated using immunohistochemistry and periodic acid-Schiff reaction. RESULTS Unipolar, tadpole-like EVTs are observed throughout the interstitial area, with a tendency to decrease along the invasive pathway. The stellate differentiation of the EVTs is identified around and inside decidual arterioles or in the third-trimester myometrium. Furthermore, stellate transformation of EVTs precedes its interactions with the decidual arteriole. These specialized stellate trophoblasts invade and infiltrate the tunica media, accompanying lacuna formation inside the vessel wall and perturbation of actin fibre alignment of the tunica media. CONCLUSION Stellate transformation of trophoblasts may explain controlled invasion of EVTs and probably plays a key role in initiating cell-cell interaction in decidual vascular remodelling.
Chemical immobilisation of dhole (Cuon alpinus), Indian jackal (Canis aureus indicus) and Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) with ketamine hydrochloride–xylazine hydrochloride

Abstract Maintaining wild animals in captivity often requires chemical immobilisation to achieve various diagnostic, surgical and management interventions. Four dholes, two Indian grey wolves and four Indian jackals were immobilised using ketamine–xylazine combination for either medical or management interventions. Based on the estimated body weight, canids were darted upon with 6–8 mg kg−1 ketamine and 0.7–1.14 mg kg−1 xylazine. Initial signs of drug effect included decreased mentation and progressive ataxia followed by recumbency. The mean ± SD of induction time was 14.25 ± 2.75 (range: 11–17 min), 11 ± 3.16 (range: 8–15 min) and 15.5 ± 3.54 (range: 13–18 min) in dhole, Indian jackal and Indian wolf, respectively. Hyperthermia was initially observed in all the jackals and dholes, whereas rectal temperature in wolves remained well within the normal range for canids. The mean duration of anaesthesia was 31 ± 8.83 (range: 23–43 min), 32.5 ± 5.32 (range: 26–39 min) and 30.5 ± 7.78 (range: 25–36 min) in dhole, Indian jackal and Indian wolf, respectively, with subsequent smooth and uneventful recovery in all the cases. The observations made during immobilisation procedures in this work suggest that chemical immobilisation of captive dhole, Indian wolf and Indian jackal with 6–8 mg kg−1 ketamine and 1 mg kg−1 xylazine is effective and safe for routine management and medical interventions in these species provided body temperature is closely monitored and corrected as appropriate.
Embodied Metaphors and Creative “Acts”

Creativity is a highly sought-after skill. Prescriptive advice for inspiring creativity abounds in the form of metaphors: People are encouraged to “think outside the box,” to consider a problem “on one hand, then on the other hand,” and to “put two and two together” to achieve creative breakthroughs. These metaphors suggest a connection between concrete bodily experiences and creative cognition. Inspired by recent advances in the understanding of body-mind linkages in the research on embodied cognition, we explored whether enacting metaphors for creativity enhances creative problem solving. Our findings from five studies revealed that both physical and psychological embodiment of metaphors for creativity promoted convergent thinking and divergent thinking (i.e., fluency, flexibility, or originality) in problem solving. Going beyond prior research, which focused primarily on the kind of embodiment that primes preexisting knowledge, we provide the first evidence that embodiment can also activate cognitive processes that facilitate the generation of new ideas and connections.
Policy, ‘politicking’ and organisational culture – Barriers to engaging employees in behaviour change initiatives.

The energy savings potential within non-domestic buildings/ commercial buildings from behaviour change initiatives is becoming well known. Low-cost interventions centred on simple energy efficiency behaviour changes have been shown to contribute to local, national and EU policy commitments to carbon reduction of between 10–20 %. Yet, research also shows time and again that these straightforward behaviour changes can be anything but simple. Notwithstanding the psychological and social complexities inherent in behaviour, human behaviour in non-domestic buildings is affected by organisational culture, departmental ‘politicking’ and conflicting internal politics and business goals. No-where is this more evident that in local government where municipalities are expected to lead on carbon reduction initiatives whilst operating in changing political landscapes and juggling decreasing operational budgets with increasing expectations on public services. This paper presents findings from a UK Research Council funded ‘research in the wild’ case study exploring the role of digitally enabled engagement in a UK local authority. Innovative methods of combining the digital economy and user-engagement were trialled in an effort to increase user-interaction within their buildings and foster a more collaborative approach to energy management. A qualitative research approach was undertaken and findings are discussed from an analysis of a focus group and a set of semi-structured interviews with members of the user group and key actors within the municipality. Findings show that whilst there are positive signs with regards to the potential of increased user-engagement and ICT digital tools to facilitate behaviour change, barriers remain with regards to the implementation in ‘real world’ contexts of innovative approaches. For this particular organisation these included a staff reduction programme amidst financial cuts, a risk-averse culture to new technologies, and fundamental questions around where responsibilities lie with regards to energy management. Future innovations must take account of these wider issues in order to be ‘fit for purpose’ and achieve the energy reductions required.
Brief Psychosocial–Behavioral Intervention With Antidepressant Reduces Poststroke Depression Significantly More Than Usual Care With Antidepressant: Living Well With Stroke: Randomized, Controlled Trial

Background and Purpose— Depression after stroke is prevalent, diminishing recovery and quality of life. Brief behavioral intervention, adjunctive to antidepressant therapy, has not been well evaluated for long-term efficacy in those with poststroke depression. Methods— One hundred one clinically depressed patients with ischemic stroke within 4 months of index stroke were randomly assigned to an 8-week brief psychosocial–behavioral intervention plus antidepressant or usual care, including antidepressant. The primary end point was reduction in depressive symptom severity at 12 months after entry. Results— Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression raw score in the intervention group was significantly lower immediately posttreatment (P<0.001) and at 12 months (P=0.05) compared with control subjects. Remission (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression <10) was significantly greater immediately posttreatment and at 12 months in the intervention group compared with the usual care control. The mean percent decrease (47%±26% intervention versus 32%±36% control, P=0.02) and the mean absolute decrease (−9.2±5.7 intervention versus −6.2±6.4 control, P=0.023) in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at 12 months were clinically important and statistically significant in the intervention group compared with control. Conclusion— A brief psychosocial–behavioral intervention is highly effective in reducing depression in both the short and long term.
Explanation of the Perceptions of Women with Prediabetes Affecting Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study

Background and aim: a healthy and active lifestyle is an essential determinant of any individual’s health. And the individual’s perceptions of the diseases will impact the way preventive behaviors are adopted, the way the individual adapts to the disease, disease management and, overall, the prevention of disease progress. The aim of the present study was explaining women’s perception of regular physical activity based on PEN-3 model. Material and Method: this study is qualitative and of directed content analysis type. 41 women with prediabetes and 9 employees of health centers, using purposeful sampling, were entered into this study. The data were obtained using individual semi-structured interviews based on PEN-3 model. Graneheim and Lundman’s method was used for data analysis. Result: during the data analysis process, a main category that included perceptional factors regarding physical activity and 6 sub-categories including knowledge, attitude, perceived benefits, perceived threat, perceived barriers and Self-efficacy were extracted from the data text. Conclusion: The findings obtained were positive and negative perceptions of women with prediabetes regarding physical activity in a sociocultural scope that can be considered in designing interventions based on PEN-3 model for changing and improving exercise behavior in women with prediabetes.
The emotional body and time perception

We examined the effects of emotional bodily expressions on the perception of time. Participants were shown bodily expressions of fear, happiness and sadness in a temporal bisection task featuring different stimulus duration ranges. Stimulus durations were judged to be longer for bodily expressions of fear than for those of sadness, whereas no significant difference was observed between sad and happy postures. In addition, the magnitude of the lengthening effect of fearful versus sad postures increased with duration range. These results suggest that the perception of fearful bodily expressions increases the level of arousal which, in turn, speeds up the internal clock system underlying the representation of time. The effect of bodily expressions on time perception is thus consistent with findings for other highly arousing emotional stimuli, such as emotional facial expressions.
Twenty-Seven: A Case Study in Ejido Privatization in Mexico

Changes in 1992 to Article 27 of Mexico's Constitution permitted the privatization of former collectively owned lands (ejidos). In 1996 governmental officials arrived in Tecoripa, a small livestock ejido village in Sonora, to assist ejidatarios (ejido members) in deciding whether to privatize. The ejidatarios struggled with two problems simultaneously: whether to privatize and whether to increase the size of their individual parcels from ten to twentyseven hectares, thereby decreasing the amount of communally owned lands. A key motive force in the ejido's decision has been the ejidatarios' desire to increase individual cattle production. This would be accomplished by clearing the native forest and creating an artificial grassland by planting buffelgrass, an African exotic. Ejidatarios believe that by privatizing, expanding their individual holdings, and creating grassland, they will become more prosperous. In Tecoripa they have sought the twin goals of privatizing and expanding their parcels. Their confidence in gaining increased wealth through expanded cattle production is based on inadequate information, however. Ecological variables and economic forces pose grave threats to the long-term viability of their private initiative.
‘We are very focused on the muffins’: Regulation of and compliance with industrial relations in franchises

The highly successful franchising approach contains features of both large and small firms. We develop a ‘diverse accountabilities’ model of franchise organisation of employment relations, acknowledging the limitations of agency theory in explaining differences between franchisors’ treatment of product and employment matters, particularly those associated with compliance with industrial legislation and awards. The model was broadly consistent with existing literature and our own multiple-case study of Australian food franchises. High rates of compliance with industrial relations (IR) standards were unlikely. The involvement of franchisors in franchisees’ IR activities appeared to vary substantially, but was always well below that provided in other human resource management (HRM) or product-related issues. Evaluation and monitoring of franchisee behaviour is often neglected, and instead the consequences of non-compliance, if discovered, are potentially serious for the franchisee. Our approach helps explain the treatment of IR in terms of financial benefits for franchisors of operating a business model with marketing and product management features – and to some extent HRM features – of a large business, but the IR characteristics of small businesses.