Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capsule Molecular Characterization of Protein Tyrosine 1

The discovery that the v-src oncogene product is a protein tyrosine kinase and the subsequent demonstration that growth factor receptors are also PTKs3 revealed the critical role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in both the physiological regulation of cellular activities and pathological cell transformation (1 -5). Stimulated by these pioneering findings, researchers have identified a large number of PTKs from various eukaryotic organisms, including vertebrates and insects (6). Whereas the importance of PTKs in the regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is obvious, it is less appreciated that protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a reversible reaction that is catalyzed by both PTKs and protein tyrosine phosphatases. It was commonly believed that the steady-state level of cellular tyrosine phosphorylation was regulated solely (or at least predominantly) by modulating PTK activity, whereas PTPase activity was kept constant. However, recent findings suggest that PTPases are a family of diverse, regulated enzymes that may play a key role in signal transduction. Soon after the discovery of PTKs, the presence of PTPases was deduced from experiments using cell lines transformed with temperature-sensitive v-src mutants. At the permissive temperature (36#{176}C), the virus-transformed cells rapidly incorporated phosphate into tyrosine residues of proteins. However, when the temperature was raised to 41 #{176}C, where the temperature-sensitive v-src kinase was inactive, the level of cellular tyrosine phosphates declined very rapidly to the basal level, presumably due to the activities of cellular PTPases (7-9). This important observation was followed by numerous attempts to identify and characterize PTPases. In spite of the initial confusion caused by the existence of a multitude of nonspecific phosphatases, it became gradually clear that there are a separate and distinct class of protein phosphatases that are highly specific to phosphotyrosine, i.e., the protein tyrosine phosphatases (10-16). Biochem-
From Explanatory Ambition to Explanatory Power A Commentary on Jakob Hohwy

The free energy principle is based on Bayesian theory and generally makes use of functional concepts. However, functional concepts explain phenomena in terms of how they should work, not how they in fact do work. As a result one may ask whether the free energy principle, taken as such, can provide genuine explanations of cognitive phenomena. This commentary will argue that (i) the free energy principle offers a stronger unification than Bayesian theory alone (strong unification thesis) and that (ii) the free energy principle can act as a heuristic guide to finding multilevel mechanistic explanations.
MODELING OF PIEZOELECTRIC SMART STRUCTURES BY IMPLEMENTATION OF A USER DEFINED SHELL FINITE ELEMENT

In this paper, the nine node piezoelectric shell element developed in [1] has been implemented in the commercial FE software ABAQUS. In comparison with our previous work [2], the application has been extended to modeling of arbitrary thin walled structures also with complex geometries, whereby the automated mesh generation has been achieved by developing a Python based interface for meshing procedure. In order to be able to perform the post processing, special adaptation of the user element has to be performed for visualization purposes. The implemented element regards the piezoelectric thin layers polarized in the thickness direction and it is based on the e31 piezoelectric effect. It is also shown that this biquadratic nine node element based on degenerated shell approach is less prone to locking effects and more suitable for implementation with curved structures. Through several examples the accuracy of the implemented user defined shell element as well as of the Python mesh generator has been demonstrated, along with the possibilities for post processing. Meshing the structures with the nine node user element is not third party software dependent.
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES EVALUATING TREATMENT PROTOCOLS USING DATA COMBINATION

In real-life, individuals are often assigned to binary treatments according to existing treatment protocols. Such protocols, when designed with "taste-based" motives, would be productively inefficient in that the expected returns to treatment for the marginal treatment recipient would vary across covariates and be larger for discriminated groups. This cannot be directly tested if assignment is based on more covariates than the researcher observes, because then the marginal treatment recipient is not identified. We present (i) a partial identification approach to detecting such inefficiency which is robust to selection on unobservables and (ii) a novel way of point-identifying the necessary counterfactual distributions by combining observational datasets with experimental estimates. These methods can also be used to (partially) infer risk-preferences which may rationalize the observed treatment allocations. Specifically, existing healthcare datasets can be analyzed with the proposed tools to test the allocational efficiency of medical treatments. Using our methodology on data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study in the US, which combined experimental and observational components, we find that after controlling for age, smokers in the observational dataset had to overcome a higher threshold of expected survival relative to non-smokers in order to qualify for surgery. Our methods are applicable when individuals cannot alter their potential treatment outcomes in response to the treatment regime, unlike in the case of law enforcement. ∗Address for correspondence: debobhatta@gmail.com. I am grateful to four anaonymour referees, the editor and seminar participants at CEMMAP, Cambridge and Uppsala for comments and to Amitabh Chandra for pointing me to the CASS dataset. All errors are mine.
Contribution of CYP 2 C 9 , CYP 2 A 6 , and CYP 2 B 6 to Valproic Acid Metabolism in Hepatic Microsomes from Individuals with the CYP 2 C 9 * 1 / * 1 Genotype

The present study investigated the role of specific human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of valproic acid (VPA) by a complementary approach that used individual cDNA-expressed CYP enzymes, chemical inhibitors of specific CYP enzymes, CYP-specific inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), individual human hepatic microsomes, and correlational analysis. cDNA-expressed CYP2C9*1, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 were the most active catalysts of 4-ene-VPA, 4OH-VPA, and 5-OH-VPA formation. The extent of 4-OH-VPA and 5-OH-VPA formation by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP4A11, CYP4F2, CYP4F3A, and CYP4F3B was only 1–8% of the levels by CYP2C9*1. CYP2A6 was the most active in catalyzing VPA 3hydroxylation, whereas CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP4F2, and CYP4F3B were less active. Correlational analyses of VPA metabolism with CYP enzyme-selective activities suggested a potential role for hepatic microsomal CYP2A6 and CYP2C9. Chemical inhibition experiments with coumarin (CYP2A6 inhibitor), triethylenethiophosphoramide (CYP2B6 inhibitor), and sulfaphenazole (CYP2C9 inhibitor) and immunoinhibition experiments (including combinatorial analysis) with MAb-2A6, MAb-2B6, and MAb-2C9 indicated that the CYP2C9 inhibitors reduced the formation of 4-ene-VPA, 4-OH-VPA, and 5-OH-VPA by 75–80% in a panel of hepatic microsomes from donors with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype, whereas the CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 inhibitors had a small effect. Only the CYP2A6 inhibitors reduced VPA 3-hydroxylation (by ~50%). The extent of inhibition correlated with the catalytic capacity of these enzymes in each microsome sample. Overall, our novel findings indicate that in human hepatic microsomes, CYP2C9*1 is the predominant catalyst in the formation of 4-ene-VPA, 4-OH-VPA, and 5-OH-VPA, whereas CYP2A6 contributes partially to 3-OH-VPA formation.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AMPLIFY AND FORWARD BASED CO-OPERATIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OVER ASYMMETRIC RF / FSO SYSTEM

Research Scholar, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Sec-11, Jankipuram, Vistar Yojna, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India Lecturer (Selection Grade) Department of Electronics Engineering and In-Charge HOD of Department of B.VOC (Mobile Communication), Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Government Of NCT of Delhi, Shakarpur Delhi-110092, India. Professor (Electronics and communication Engg.) Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technologies and Research, Geeta Colony, New Delhi, Delhi India Professor & Dean (2 Shift) (Electronics and communication Engg.) Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
SPOILAGE POTENTIAL OF PSEUDOMONAS SPP . ISOLATED FROM DOMIATI CHEESE

Received at: 17/8/2015 Accepted: 7/9/2015 In this study, 80 samples of popular Egyptian raw milk cheese, Domiati cheese, were examined for the incidence and characteristics of Pseudomonas spp. using traditional and molecular techniques. 70 of examined cheese samples (87.5%) were contaminated with Pseudomonas spp. Mean Pseudomonas spp. counts was 4.59 ± 0.35 log cfu/g, whereas mean proteolytic Pseudomonas spp. counts was 3.65 ± 0.14 log cfu/g. Screening of the eighty isolated strains by species-specific PCR revealed high incidence of P.fluorescens (45%). 97.5%, 87.5% and 73.7% of isolated strains showed protease, lipase and lecithinase activities, respectively. Interestingly, 75% of the P. fluorescens strains were positive for all enzyme activities. The alkaline protease ( apr) gene was detected in 41.25% (33/80) of isolates and proteolytic activity was observed in all strains carried this gene. 72.5% (58/80) of isolated strains were psychrotrophic. In conclusion, this study provides information about the spoilage potential of Pseudomonas spp. in Domiattie cheese and merely underline the importance of strict hygiene measures in preparation of Domiati cheese in Egypt.
Blood pressure pattern and hypertension related risk factors in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria : The Mokola hypertension initiative project , Ibadan , Nigeria

There is rising incidence of hypertension especially among children and young adults in Nigeria. Hypertension in childhood could be harbinger for adult hypertension. This study looked at the prevalence of hypertension in children and adults in an urban community. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 5,733 respondents aged 3 to 78 years residents in Mokola Ibadan, South Western Nigeria selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected and Chi square test and logistic regression were used to determine significant determinants and predictors of hypertension at p<0.05. Prevalence of hypertension was 27.3% in adults and 12.8% in children < 18 years. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) was found in 10.3% of adults and 4.4% of children while isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) was found in 4.7% of adults and 5.3% of children. Odds of ISH were significantly 2 times greater among female compared with male children. Among adults, the odds of hypertension and ISH were 1.32 and 2 times, respectively more among the males compared to females. Obese children were about 2 times (OR = 1.50 95%CI: 1.03 to 2.20) and overweight and obese adults were 3 times (OR = 3.20; 95%CI: 2.15 to 4.75) and 4 times (OR =3.5 (95%CI: 2.40 -5.22), respectively more likely to be hypertensive. Adults, male, ever smoked, ever used alcohol and employed were significantly more likely to be hypertensive. Predictors of hypertension in children were obesity [AOR = 1.44 (95%CI 0.98, 2.10)] and among adults were, middle age 35-55 years [AOR = 3.80 (95%CI 2.73, 5.29)] and elderly age 55+ years [AOR = 7.37 (95%CI 4.90, 11.10)], overweight [AOR= 2.55 (95%CI 1.39, 4.71)] and obese [AOR = . 02 (95%CI 1.65, 5.52)]. High prevalence of hypertension among children and adults as well as linear increase with age in this community underscores the need for life course approach to control hypertension.
CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium oxysporum ISOLATES AND RESISTANCE OF PASSION FRUIT GENOTYPES TO FUSARIOSIS

Passion fruit wilt, caused by Fusarium spp. , is one of the most severe diseases for this crop. Although yellow passion fruit is propagated mostly by seeds, the use of rootstocks tolerant to early death could be a management strategy for cultivation in areas with disease history. Thus, this study characterized Fusarium isolates obtained in Triângulo Mineiro and determined the most suitable genotype to use for grafting to reduce losses caused by this pathogen. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium isolates, in three different growth media, was quantified by measuring colony diameter and by counting the conidia in Neubauer chamber 10 days after growth in malt extract-agar 2%, PDA or CMA at 22 ± 3oC and 12 hours lighting. Five days later the color of the colonies was evaluated. The experimental design was a 4x3 factorial completely randomized design, with five replications. Characterization of morphological structures of isolates was done with minimum cultivation in Malt extract-agar 2% amended with sterilized soil + sand (1:1). Three Passiflora species and two seedling types were used as rootstock to evaluate field resistance to fusariosis, in a randomized block design, as a 3x2 factorial, with three Passiflora species (P. alata, P. setacea and P. edulis) and two seedling types (ungrafted or grafted with P. edulis). The medium PDA was the least favorable for mycelial growth of the isolates. The best medium for conidium production was Malt extract and the most sporulating isolates were Fus-01 and Fus-02. Isolate color varied from white to pink to violet. Only Fus-02 and Fus-04 formed macro and microconidia. Shape, dimensions and septa number of macroconidia and microconidia, as well as the presence of characteristic monophyalides allowed the classification of all isolates as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae. Passiflora alata and P. setacea, used as rootstocks for P. edulis in the field, were resistant to fusariosis. Despite its low survival, P. edulis grafted on itsef, promoted similar growth of secondary branches as P. setacea in the field.
Orchard Tree Modeling for Advanced Sprayer Control and Automatic Tree Inventory

This paper describes two related precision agriculture applications within an orchard environment that are enabled by building models of the trees using a vehicle-mounted ladar sensor. First, we describe an advanced spray control application. Ladar data is fused with GPS to build a local 3D map of the trees. Then, using a Markov random field probabilistic ground model to separate trees from the ground, and tree density estimates computed from the ratio of ladar hits and pass-throughs, we control the flow rate of individual nozzles and the amount of air-assist on a modified sprayer. This improves the effectiveness of the spray, reduces the amount of chemical used, and reduces chemical drift. Second, we describe an automated tree inventory method that can count individual trees both when the boundaries between trees are visible and when presented with a wall of trees where the canopies all blend together. We use a hidden semi-Markov model to probabilistically combine ladar data of the trees with a prior on the expected tree spacing to generate a map of tree locations and size estimates. Both of these applications leverage probabilistic tree modeling strategies to incorporate contextual information to better interpret sensor data of the trees, and these approaches have been experimentally validated during field testing in a Florida citrus orchard.
The use of computer algebra software package in the teaching of engineering mathematics

The article discusses the concept of informatization of education, which is associated with an introduction of computer algebra software package into the education system of engineering students. There are considered the conditions necessary for increasing the quality of education through ICT. The article discusses some of the more popular CAS packages, such as Maple, Mathematica, Mathcad, Derive.
New Trends in FastFlux Networks

Fast-flux networks have been adopted by attackers for many years. Existing works focus on characteristics such as the fast changing rate of the IP addresses (e.g. A record) and the name server addresses (NS records); the single flux/double flux structure etc. In this work, we tracked and analyzed over 200 fast flux domains and we discovered that the features of the fast-flux networks has shifted. More specifically, we discovered that the changing rate of the IP addresses and name server addresses are slower than reported before, in some cases even slower than some benign applications that leverage fast-flux alike techniques. We also discovered that IP addresses and name servers are shared among different families of fast-flux domains indicating that there is a well-established underground economic model for fast-flux domains. Moreover, we also noticed that instead of using single or double flux, current fast-flux domains exhibit “nlevels” of flux behavior, i.e., there appears to be “n” levels of name servers in the DNS system for fast-flux domains. Finally, we also studied the similar benign applications that look alike fast-flux domains but are not. In light of these new characteristics, we proposed several new detection approaches that can help to identify the fast-flux domains.
1 Derivation of micelle size-dependent free energies of aggregation for octyl phosphocholine from molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the zwitterionic surfactant octyl phosphocholine (OPC) in water have been performed with two force fields, both using the TraPPE united-atom alkane parameters for tailgroup-tailgroup interactions but with tailgroupwater interactions adjusted to reproduce hydration free energies for two different water models (SPC and TIP4P-2005). Micelle size distributions from a number of trajectories were analyzed using the PEACH (Partition-Enabled Analysis of Cluster Histograms) method to yield free energies of aggregation for premicelles and micelles over the full range from 2 to over 40 molecules. The dependence of free energy on aggregation number was consistent with the functional form derived from the “quasi-droplet” model of micellization. Free energies of aggregation were used to calculate concentrationdependent micelle size distributions, from which critical micelle concentrations (cmc’s) could be inferred. The cmc values derived from PEACH free energies for the SPC and TIP4P-2005 models were 40% and 27% higher respectively than the experimentally reported value of 114 mM. In systems with enough monomers to form multiple micelles, the micelles tended to stick together, complicating the analysis. Micelle size distributions were used to weight small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) form factors derived from micelle structures, generatinga composite form factor reflecting the polydispersity of aggregate sizes with contributions in the range from 20-40 monomers. The composite scattering profile was quite similar to that of the mass-weighted average micelle size, suggesting that SAXS profiles for small micelles can be adequately fit using a single typical micelle even in the presence of significant polydispersity.
Massive N = 2 Supergravity in Three Dimensions

There exists two distinct off-shell N = 2 supergravities in three dimensions. They are also referred to asN = (1, 1) and N = (2, 0) supergravities, and they arise from the coupling of the Weyl multiplet to a compensating scalar or vector multiplet, respectively, followed by fixing of conformal symmetries. The N = (p, q) terminology refers to the underlying anti-de Sitter superalgebras OSp(2, p)⊕OSp(2, q) with R-symmetry group SO(p)×SO(q). We construct off-shell invariants of these theories up to fourth order in derivatives. As an application of these results, we determine the special combinations of the N = (1, 1) invariants that admit anti-de Sitter vacuum solution about which there is a ghost-free massive spin-2 multiplet of propagating modes. We also show that the N = (2, 0) invariants do not allow such possibility.
Primary Prevention For Musculoskeletal Disorders Among School Age Students In Ismailia City

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders consider an important global health problem, which are more obvious in school students, and the prevention during this stage very important to reduce musculoskeletal pain and deformity in adulthood. Aim: the study aimed to evaluate the effects of a primary prevention program for musculoskeletal disorders among school age students in Ismailia city. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Setting: the study was conducted in six primary schools in Ismailia city. Sample: A multistage random sample technique used in this study, it consisted of 168 students in 6th grades randomly selected and 27 from their teachers/managers who are available during the study period. Tools: two tools were used in the present study, the first tool was self-administered questionnaires which included three parts: sociodemographic data, knowledge and practices regarding prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among studied subjects and physical assessment sheet to assess musculoskeletal pain among students, the second tool was an observational checklist for assessment safety school environment. Results: the results revealed that, statistically significant (P<0.001) difference between studied students mean scores of knowledge and practices regarding the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (pre/post) implementing of the program and reduced musculoskeletal pain among studied students' after implementing the program. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices related to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among school age students were improved after implementing the program. Recommendation: Develop a health educational program among school teachers'/ managers' regarding prevention of musculoskeletal disorders to be applied to their students.