Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH UPAH MINIMUM DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DI PULAU SUMATERA TAHUN 2012-2015

abstract:This study aims to determine whether the minimum wages and education level have an impact on Labor absorbtion on Manufacturing industry in Sumatera Island year on year 2012- 2015. The research method used in this study is shaped Time Series of the 2012-2015 and the cross section amounts to 10 provinces in Sumatera Island, with ex post facto method. The data presented each year obtained from BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) and Ministry of Labour. This study uses panel data regression model Fixed effect. Based on the results of simultaneous analysis, minimum wages and education level significantly affect Labor Absorbtion on Manufacturing industry in Sumatera Island. Based on the results of the analysis Minimum wages have negative coefficient but minimum wages is not giving impact partially and not significant to labor absorbtion. the education level giving impact significantly positive on Labor Absorbtion. Keywords: Minimum Wages, Education Level, Labor Absorbtion. abstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah upah minimum dan tingkat pendidikan berdampak pada penyerapan tenaga kerja di Industri manufaktur di Pulau sumatera tahun 2012- 2015. Metode penelitian yang digunakan Time Series dari 2012-2015 yang terdiri dari 10 provinsi di Pulau Sumatera, dengan metode ex post facto. Data yang disajikan setiap tahun yang diperoleh dari BPS (Biro Pusat Statistik) dan Departemen Tenaga Kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi data panel efek tetap. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara simultan, upah minimum dan tingkat pendidikan secara signifikan mempengaruhi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja pada Industri manufaktur di Pulau Sumatera. Berdasarkan hasil analisis upah minimum memiliki koefisien negatif tapi upah minimum tidak memberikan dampak secara parsial dan tidak signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja. tingkat pendidikan pemberian dampak signifikan positif pada Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja.Kata kunci: Upah Minimum, Tingkat Pendidikan, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja
An Investigation of (Non-) Inclusive Growth in Nigeria’s Sub-Nationals: Evidence from Elasticity Approach

This paper aims to estimate and rank the performance of sub-nationals in terms of their quality of growth using an index of inequality elasticity of poverty. The study puts forward a scenario matrix to hypothesize the four qualities of growth according to its interactions with inequality and poverty. This model is useful for developing countries that lack GDP data at the sub-national level, provided growth (at the national level) has been positive for the period under review. The study found that for Nigeria’s sub-nationals, the null hypothesis of non-inclusive growth was rejected for the different poverty measures.
Corruption, Centralization and Competition: Evidence from Russian Public Procurement

ABSTRACT This paper estimates the impact of corruption on the incentives of procurers to maintain honest competition in tenders. Customers, who procure for themselves, and Agencies, who procure for the customers in their region are considered. Basing on a large dataset of open auctions conducted by Russian regional-level authorities in 2011, the analysis shows that in highly corrupt regions, Agencies fail to arrange competitive tenders and most of auctions have one bidder. Customers attract more bidders for large contracts, but rebates are usually low. Therefore, procurement centralization may reduce the corruption of Customers, but cannot solve the problem of low competition.
Soil erosion in East Africa: an interdisciplinary approach to realising pastoral land management change

Implementation of socially acceptable and environmentally desirable solutions to soil erosion challenges is often limited by (1) fundamental gaps between the evidence bases of different disciplines and (2) an implementation gap between science-based recommendations, policy makers and practitioners. We present an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to support co-design of land management policy tailored to the needs of specific communities and places in degraded pastoral land in the East African Rift System. In a northern Tanzanian case study site, hydrological and sedimentary evidence shows that, over the past two decades, severe drought and increased livestock have reduced grass cover, leading to surface crusting, loss of soil aggregate stability, and lower infiltration capacity. Infiltration excess overland flow has driven (a) sheet wash erosion, (b) incision along convergence pathways and livestock tracks, and (c) gully development, leading to increased hydrological connectivity. Stakeholder interviews in associated sedenterising Maasai communities identified significant barriers to adoption of soil conservation measures, despite local awareness of problems. Barriers were rooted in specific pathways of vulnerability, such as a strong cattle-based cultural identity, weak governance structures, and a lack of resources and motivation for community action to protect shared land. At the same time, opportunities for overcoming such barriers exist, through openness to change and appetite for education and participatory decision-making. Guided by specialist knowledge from natural and social sciences, we used a participatory approach that enabled practitioners to start co-designing potential solutions, increasing their sense of efficacy and willingness to change practice. This approach, tested in East Africa, provides a valuable conceptual model around which other soil erosion challenges in the Global South might be addressed.
Exercise During Pregnancy: The Role of Obstetric Providers

Abstract Context: Obstetric providers are logical choices for conveying information about physical activity to their pregnant patients. However, research regarding obstetric providers counseling pregnant patients about physical activity is sparse. Objectives: To investigate the association between obstetric providers discussing exercise with their pregnant patients and patients' exercise behaviors and to explore factors related to obstetric providers discussing exercise and other health behaviors (tobacco use, alcohol use, and nutrition) with their patients. Methods: We received completed surveys from 238 pregnant women and 31 obstetric providers at 12 obstetrician offices. The offices were located throughout the United States and were heterogeneous in regards to patient insurance coverage, number of patients treated per month, and percentage of patients with complications. Results: Women who were “more careful about eating healthy” (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-8.0) and who discussed exercise with their obstetric provider (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3) were more likely to “maintain or increase exercise” during pregnancy than those who were not conscientious about their diets and those who did not discuss exercise with their obstetric provider, respectively. The odds of obstetric providers discussing exercise with pregnant patients increased 7-fold (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.4-37.3) for each health behavior the obstetric provider discussed with the patient. Conclusion: Patient discussions with obstetric providers about exercise and patient attention to eating habits are associated with exercising during pregnancy. A more multibehavioral approach by obstetric providers may improve the likelihood that patients exercise during pregnancy.
Surgical Management of Contact Point Headaches

Introduction. —Contact point headaches are caused by contact between the nasal septum and the lateral nasal wall by a mechanism of referred pain involving the trigeminal nerve. Our goal was to investigate headaches caused by the contact between the septum and the superior turbinate or medial wall of the ethmoid sinuses and not the middle turbinate.
The rate and depth of breathing in new‐born infants in different sleep states

1. Ventilation was recorded on ten male and ten female healthy full‐term infants during the first week after delivery, using a trunk plethysmograph. Tidal volume (VT), respiration rate (f) and pulmonary ventilation (V̇) for each respiratory cycle were measured during periods of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and during quiet sleep when eye movements were absent (NREM).
Changes in soil organic carbon stocks after conversion from forest to oil palm plantations in Malaysian Borneo

The continuous rise in the global demand for palm oil has resulted in large-scale expansion of industrial oil palm plantations—largely at the expense of primary and secondary forests. The potentially negative environmental impacts of these conversions have given rise to closer scrutiny. However, empirical data on the effects of conversion of forests to industrial oil palm plantations on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is scarce and patchy. We evaluated the changes in SOC stocks after conversion of tropical forest into oil palm plantations over the first and second rotation period in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Soil samples were collected from three age classes of oil palm plantations converted from forest (49, 39 and 29 years ago respectively) with three replicate sites and four adjacent primary forest sites as reference. In each site under oil palm, the three management zones, namely weeded circle (WC), frond stacks (FS), and between palm (BP), were sampled separately. All soil samples were collected from five soil layers (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–50 and 50–70 cm). Samples were analysed for SOC concentration, soil bulk density, pH and soil texture. Results showed SOC stocks declined by 42%, 24% and 18% after 29, 39 and 49 years of conversion respectively. Significant differences in SOC stocks were found among different management zones in the oil palm plantations, and the trend was similar for all age classes: FS > WC > BP, demonstrating the necessity of considering within-plantation variability when assessing soil C stocks. The largest differences between SOC stocks of the reference forest and converted plantations were found in the topsoil (0–15 cm depth) but differences were also found in the subsoil (>30 cm). Our results will contribute towards future modelling and life cycle accounting to calculate the carbon debt from the conversion of forest to oil palm plantations.
Genetic variation in carbon isotope discrimination in six European populations of Castanea sativa Mill. originating from contrasting localities

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of physiological performances of Castanea sativa Mill. in relation to drought tolerance, among and within European populations coming from contrasting environmental conditions. Forty‐eight open‐pollinated families from a stratified sample (temperature/precipitation) of six naturalized populations from Spain, Italy and Greece were grown for one growth period under two temperature regimes (25 and 32 °C), in combination with two watering regimes in growth chambers. Complementary to growth traits analysed in a previous study, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), a complex physiological trait involved in acclimation and adaptive processes, was studied. anova indicated significant Δ variability for C. sativa populations across Europe and, thereby, variation in adaptedness to drought. The European pattern of Δ variability matches the previously reported one for the centre of origin of C. sativa (Ponto‐Caucasian region). This suggests that common mechanisms of drought adaptedness, involving both genetic and physiological determinants, give C. sativa the capacity to colonize a wide range of site conditions. The highest Δ values, indicating the lowest water‐use efficiency (WUE), were found within each treatment for populations originating from Mediterranean drought‐prone sites. These populations also had the highest phenotypic plasticity of Δ. Significant among‐family genetic variation in Δ was found. The heritability based on the joint anova was estimated at 0.31 ± 0.07. The estimates of the coefficients for the additive variance varied in the range 2.6–4.0%, suggesting possibilities for selection on WUE and adaptedness to drought. The genetic correlations between Δ and growth traits were generally strong and negative, especially in the two high temperature treatments.
Wegener Granulomatosis: An Analysis of 158 Patients

OBJECTIVE To prospectively study the clinical features, pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of Wegener granulomatosis. DESIGN Of the 180 patients with Wegener granulomatosis referred to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases during the past 24 years, 158 have been followed for 6 months to 24 years (a total of 1229 patient-years). MEASUREMENTS Characteristics of clinical presentation, surgical pathology, course of illness, laboratory and radiographic findings, and the results of medical and surgical treatment have been recorded in a computer-based information retrieval system. SETTING The Warren Magnuson Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. MAIN RESULTS Men and women were equally represented; 97% of patients were white, and 85% were more than 19 years of age. The mean period of follow-up was 8 years. One hundred and thirty-three patients (84%) received "standard" therapy with daily low-dose cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids. Eight (5.0%) received only low-dose cyclophosphamide. Six (4.0%) never received cyclophosphamide and were treated with other cytotoxic agents and glucocorticoids. Ten patients (6.0%) were treated with only glucocorticoids. Ninety-one percent of patients experienced marked improvement, and 75% achieved complete remission. Fifty percent of remissions were associated with one or more relapses. Of 99 patients followed for greater than 5 years, 44% had remissions of greater than 5 years duration. Thirteen percent of patients died of Wegener granulomatosis, treatment-related causes, or both. Almost all patients had serious morbidity from irreversible features of their disease (86%) or side effects of treatment (42%). CONCLUSIONS The course of Wegener granulomatosis has been dramatically improved by daily treatment with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids. Nonetheless, disease- and treatment-related morbidity is often profound. Alternative forms of therapy have not yet achieved the high rates of remission induction and successful maintenance that have been reported with daily cyclophosphamide treatment. Despite continued therapeutic success with cyclophosphamide, our long-term follow-up of patients with Wegener granulomatosis has led to increasing concerns about toxicity resulting from prolonged cyclophosphamide therapy and has encouraged investigation of other therapeutic regimens.
Spinal or systemic TY005, a peptidic opioid agonist/neurokinin 1 antagonist, attenuates pain with reduced tolerance

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of opioids in treating pain is limited due to significant side effects including somnolence, constipation, analgesic tolerance, addiction and respiratory depression. Pre‐clinical studies have shown that neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists block opioid‐induced antinociceptive tolerance and may inhibit opioid‐induced rewarding behaviours. Here, we have characterized a bifunctional peptide with both opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist pharmacophores in a rodent model of neuropathic pain.
Preparation and Evaluation of Buccal Bioadhesive Films Containing Clotrimazole

Buccal bioadhesive films, releasing topical drugs in the oral cavity at a slow and predetermined rate, provide distinct advantages over traditional dosage forms. The aim of present study was to prepare and evaluate buccal bioadhesive films of clotrimazole for oral candidiasis. The film was designed to release the drug at a concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration for a prolonged period of time so as to reduce the frequency of administration of the available conventional dosage forms. The different proportions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and carbopol 974P (CP 974P) were used for the preparation of films. Carbopol was used to incorporate the desired bioadhesiveness in the films. The films were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for bioadhesion, in vitro drug release and effectiveness against Candida albicans. In vitro drug release from the film was determined using a modified Franz diffusion cell while bioadhesiveness was evaluated with a modified two-arm balance using rabbit intestinal mucosa as a model tissue. Films containing 5% CP 974P of the total polymer were found to be the best with moderate swelling along with favorable bioadhesion force, residence time and in vitro drug release. The microbiological studies revealed that drug released from the film could inhibit the growth of C. albicans for 6 h. The drug release mechanism was found to follow non-Fickian diffusion.
Research output of librarians in the field of library and information science in Nigeria: a bibliometric analysis from 2000-March, 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth of academic librarians’ research output in Nigeria; it examined their research productivity and determined the authorship pattern and degree of collaboration. ,A total of 1,106 articles were retrieved from Current index to Journals in Education and Library, Information Science and Technology Abstract databases for the period 2000-March 2018. ,The study revealed that only few authors are productive in the field of Library and Information Science in Nigeria during the period under study. The author productivity pattern is, therefore, in agreement with Lotka’s Law of inverse square. Top journals in which the academic librarians in Nigeria publish their works were identified. Of the 153 recognized universities in Nigeria, the study revealed that only few universities are productive. The years 2011 and 2012 recorded the highest contributions by the academic librarians. The findings also showed a high level of teamwork with most publications being produced jointly. ,The limitation of this study is that it only retrieved articles that were indexed by Current index to Journals in Education and Library, Information Science and Technology Abstract. Secondly, articles published by the academic librarians in local journals in Nigeria that are not indexed and not visible are not included in the study. ,The findings call for researchers in developing countries to recognize that it is important to publish a substantial number of papers in journals that are indexed and are widely visible.
Phase Diagram for Roegenian Economics

We recall the similarities between the concepts and techniques of Thermodynamics and Roegenian Economics. The Phase Diagram for a Roegenian economic system highlights a triple point and a critical point, with related explanations. These ideas can be used to improve our knowledge and understanding of the nature of development and evolution of Roegenian economic systems.
Achieving Sustainable E-Commerce in Environmental, Social and Economic Dimensions by Taking Possible Trade-Offs

The Internet revolution has led to the advancement of online business all over the world. The environmental, social, and economic aspects are significant to the e-commerce sector, on both the retailer and consumer sides. It cannot be over-emphasized how important the sustainability of e-commerce in all three dimensions is. E-commerce will allow consumers to shop online easily, at any hour of the day, using secure payment systems; furthermore, trust in retailers’ websites is of paramount importance to consumers. This calls our attention to the gap in previous studies, and consequently, the purpose of this study is to fill the gap, to ensure sustainable e-commerce in three dimensions; environmental, social, and economic. The question and aim under investigation are: How to integrate three dimensions into e-commerce to ensure that sustainability is achieved now and for future generations, while thriving as an industry? Collaboration is required, and all stakeholders in the virtual market must take appropriate responsibility. The methodology adopted is a review of previous studies done on each individual dimension of sustainability, since no joint studies have been carried out and integrated into the same literature framework. Furthermore, a case study involving companies in Kenya and Jordan is used in order to collect empirical data. The findings of the study show that: First, integration is essential for the sustainability of e-commerce in its three dimensions; second, trade-offs must be taken in the various dimensions in order for companies to realize sustainable e-commerce. This will go in hand with the realization of the maximum benefits of integrating the three dimensions in e-commerce to make it more sustainable. In conclusion, by applying these aspects of sustainability in e-commerce, it is clear that everyone wins. This is achieved by improving and safeguarding the quality of life by protecting the environment, preserving natural resources, and maintaining and sustaining the economy. The implications of the study are that, in order to make e-commerce more sustainable, to make decisions and take action, social/environmental/economic aspects must be considered as a fundamental element, and must be treated as a group and not separately as in previous studies. In this way, we can realize greater benefits, not only in online business sustainability, but also in policy-making and environmental protection, while companies will create economic value as well as avoiding labor unrest.
Choice Architecture Versus Price: Comparing the Effects of Changes in the U.S. Student Loan Market

We show that changes in choice architecture have a large effect on student loan decisions while we do not find significant effects of sizeable interest rate changes. We evaluate the effect of two polices implemented in 2010 by the U.S. Department of Education: (1) the requirement that all applicants for private student loans fill out a Self-Certification Form, which includes various disclosures about federal aid, and (2) the prohibition of presenting a private student loan as a default option on a financial aid offer without disclosure of the relationship between the school and the creditor. Using difference-and-difference and matching techniques on a proprietary dataset of private student loan originations from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and survey and administrative data from the Department of Education, we show that these changes decreased private student loan originations by 33% at public four-year institutions, 18% at private not-for-profit four year institutions, and 55% at four year for-profit institutions. In contrast, we find no consumer response when analyzing 60 basis point decrease in the price of federal Parental PLUS loans at some schools, using same datasets and similar estimation techniques.