Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of lasalocid, monensin or thiopeptin on lactic acidosis in cattle.

Lasalocid, monensin or thiopeptin was administered intraruminally each at . 33, . 65 or 1.3 mg/kg body weight and evaluated for its effectiveness in preventing experimentally induced lactic acidosis in cattle. Four rumen-fistulated cattle were used for each dosage level and the design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with each animal receiving lasalocid, monensin, thiopeptin or no antibiotic. Acidosis was induced by intraruminal administration of glucose (12.5 g/kg body weight). Control cattle exhibited the typical drop in rumen pH and concurrent increases in L(+) and D(-) lactate concentrations commonly observed in cases of lactic acidosis. Alkali reserves were depleted in the control cattle as evidenced by a decrease in blood bicarbonate and a negative shift in base excess. In all three trials, cattle given lasalocid had higher rumen pH and lower lactate concentrations than did control cattle or cattle given monensin or thiopeptin. Cattle given monensin had a significantly higher rumen pH and a lower lactate concentration than the controls only at the . 65 and 1.3 mg/kg body weight dosages, whereas thiopeptin was effective only at the 1.3-mg dosage. Concentrations of total VFA in rumen fluid decreased in the controls but remained unchanged in cattle given antibiotics. A significant reduction in the molar proportion of acetate and an increase in the molar proportion of propionate were observed in the rumen fluid of the cattle given antibiotics. Colony counts of Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus were significantly reduced in rumen fluid of cattle given 1.3 mg antibiotic/kg body weight. Counts of lactate-utilizing bacteria increased in both control cattle and cattle given antibiotics. Cattle given antibiotics showed no evidence of lacticacidemia, hemoconcentration or change in acid-base balance.
A Study of Factors Associated with Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenic Symptoms

Seventeen patients with schizophrenic symptoms were assessed before and after ECT to elicit possible factors predictive of outcome. The strongest associations with good outcome were shown by short duration of illness and paucity of premorbid schizoid personality traits; significant associations were also shown by short duration of current episode, paucity of paranoid premorbid personality traits, and the presence of perplexity. The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder was not related to outcome. Questionnaires completed by 16 patients after ECT showed their attitudes to be generally favourable to the procedure.
Lysosomal Targeting of Palmitoyl-protein Thioesterase*

Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase is a newly described long chain fatty-acid hydrolase that removes fatty acyl groups from modified cysteines in proteins. We have recently identified palmitoyl-protein thioesterase as the defective enzyme in the recessive hereditary neurological degenerative disorder infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Vesa, J., Hellsten, E., Verkruyse, L. A., Camp, L. A., Rapola, J., Santavuori, P., Hofmann, S. L., and Peltonen, L. (1995) Nature 376, 584–587). A defect in a lysosomal enzyme had been postulated for the disease, but until recently, the relevant defective lysosomal enzyme had not been identified. In this paper, we present evidence for the lysosomal localization of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase. We show that COS cells take up exogenously supplied palmitoyl-protein thioesterase intracellularly and that the cellular uptake is blocked by mannose 6-phosphate, a hallmark of lysosomal enzyme trafficking. The enzyme contains endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharides that contain phosphate groups. Furthermore, palmitoyl-protein thioesterase cosediments with lysosomal enzyme markers by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Interestingly, the pH optimum for the enzyme is in the neutral range, a property shared by two other lysosomal enzymes that remove post-translational protein modifications. These findings suggest that palmitoyl-protein thioesterase is a lysosomal enzyme and that infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is properly classified as a lysosomal storage disorder.
An efficiently phase-shift frequency domain method for super-resolution image processing

How to reconstruct a high resolution and quality from low resolution images captured from a digital camera is always the top target of any image processing system. Exploit the aliasing feature of sampled images, we propose a new technique to register exactly the motions between images, including rotations and shifts, by using only frequency domain phase-shift method. Based on registered parameters, the precise alignment of input images are done to create a high-resolution by using interpolation methods. It is more exactly when we compare our algorithm to other algorithms in simulation and practical experiments. The visual results of super-resolution images reconstruced by our algorithm are better than that of other algorithms. It is possible to apply our algorithm to increase resolution of digital camera or video systems.
Lack of caspase‐3 attenuates immobilization‐induced muscle atrophy and loss of tension generation along with mitigation of apoptosis and inflammation

Introduction: Immobilization by casting induces disuse muscle atrophy (DMA). Methods: Using wild type (WT) and caspase‐3 knockout (KO) mice, we evaluated the effect of caspase‐3 on muscle mass, apoptosis, and inflammation during DMA. Results: Caspase‐3 deficiency significantly attenuated muscle mass decrease [gastrocnemius: 28 ± 1% in KO vs. 41 ± 3% in WT; soleus: 47 ± 2% in KO vs. 56 ± 2% in WT; (P < 0.05)] and gastrocnemius twitch tension decrease (23 ± 4% in KO vs. 36 ± 3% in WT, P < 0.05) at day 14 in immobilized vs. contralateral hindlimb. Lack of caspase‐3 decreased immobilization‐induced increased apoptotic myonuclei (3.2‐fold) and macrophage infiltration (2.2‐fold) in soleus muscle and attenuated increased monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 mRNA expression (2‐fold in KO vs. 18‐fold in WT) in gastrocnemius. Conclusions: Caspase‐3 plays a key role in DMA and associated decreased tension, presumably by acting on the apoptosis and inflammation pathways. Muscle Nerve 47: 711–721, 2013
Evidence for two forms of staphylococcal coagulase.

SUMMARY: Staphylococci produce coagulase in two forms. One is bound to the cell wall and is responsible for the slide test. The other is liberated as free coagulase in the medium and is responsible for the tube test. Bound coagulase acts directly on the fibrinogen of certain animals which then causes clumping of the staphylococcal cells, while free coagulase acts on the ‘prothrombin’ of certain animals to give a thrombin-like product. Bound coagulase is antigenically distinct from free coagulase. It is released during autolysis and it can be used to produce specific antibodies in rabbits.
Modification and Translation of the Thai Version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey

The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) has been used as a standard and updated as required for 15 years to measure risk behavior among American youth. This article discusses the modification and translation of the YRBS to be used to measure risk among youth in Thailand. The steps involved included not only modification and translation but also testing of cross-cultural equivalences (semantic, content, and conceptual) and assessment of feasibility and acceptability of the modified survey among adolescents in Thailand. The process is described and findings discussed.
Ultra broad band CMOS balanced amplifiers using quadrature power splitters on glass integrated passive device (GIPD) and LTCC with flip chip interconnects for SiP integration

Two balance amplifiers operating at 2.5∼12-GHz with 1dB gain flatness and under 10 dB return loss are presented. Low loss broadband quadrature power splitters for BAs are realized on glass integrated passive device (GIPD) and low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC). For 0.18-µm CMOS unit amplifier in BA, output matching network based on 3rd order band pass filter is used for optimum output power and good return loss. These BAs demonstrate widest bandwidth with smallest gain variation among power amplifiers under 15 GHz, and highest ratio of OP1dB to power stage transistor size is achieved on CMOS process.
Simulation of Self-Control through Precommitment Behaviour in an Evolutionary System

The purpose of this thesis is to determine how evolution has resulted in selfcontrol through precommitment behaviour. Empirical data in psychology suggest that we recognize we have self-control problems and attempt to overcome them by exercising precommmitment, which bias our future choices to a larger, later reward. The behavioral model of self-control as an internal process is taken from psychology and implemented, using a top-down approach, as a computational model of the human brain. This is a novel approach to modeling the brain, but is appropriate given the complexity of the behaviour. The higher and lower brain systems, represented by two Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) using reinforcement learning, are viewed as cooperating for the benefit of the organism. This is a departure from the classical view of the higher brain, associated with planning and control, overriding the lower brain. The ANNs are implemented as two players, learning simultaneously, but independently, competing in games, where the payoffs are neither wholly adverse nor wholly competitive. This departs from the traditional framework for multi-agent reinforcement learning, removing the limitation of centralized learning and widening the scope for the learner’s behaviour. Psychological studies suggest that the structure of the self-control problem can be likened to the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game in that cooperation is to defection what self-control is to impulsiveness. In this thesis it is proposed that increasing precommitment increases the probability of cooperating with oneself in the future. To this aim, a bias towards future rewards is implemented. The results suggest that this bias enhances
Integration of retinal and motor signals of eye movements in striate cortex cells of the alert cat.

Responses of saccade-depressed (SD) and saccade-excited (SE) cells in the striate cortex to eye movements of alert cats under presentation of a visual pattern were studied under reinforcement of the eye movements with rewards of water. These responses were compared to those on passive displacement of the visual pattern reproducing the movements of the retinal image occurring during eye movements while eye movements were suppressed by withdrawal of reinforcement. Passive displacement of the visual pattern produced in the SD cells depression closely resembled the depression occurring during eye movements under presentation of the visual pattern, in time course as well as in amplitude. Both the saccade depression and the depression due to passive movement of the visual pattern were nonselective to the direction of eye movements. Saccade excitation of the SE cells frequently contained two components occurring at 20 and 80 ms after the onsets of eye movements. Passive displacement of the visual pattern produced in the SE cells excitation comparable with the early component of the saccade excitation. These findings suggest that saccade depression in the SD cells and the early component of the saccade excitation in the SE cells are related to retinal reafference of eye movement. During presentation of visual patterns, saccade excitation in the SE cells was closely related to parameters of eye movements, such as direction, amplitude, duration, and velocity. The correlations were completely lost or strongly reduced in darkness. Lines of evidence were provided that the saccade excitation of the SE cells in darkness or the later component of the saccade excitation under presentation of a visual pattern represents efference copy signals of eye movement transferred to the striate cortex through the Clare-Bishop (CB) cortex. Excitation comparable with saccade excitation in darkness occurred in synchrony with activities of the oculomotor nuclei even after retrobulbar paralysis of eye movement, indicating that the excitation is related to efference copy signals rather than proprioceptive reafference of eye movement. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Power system frequency estimation using least mean square technique

Frequency is an important parameter in power system monitoring, control, and protection. A least mean square (LMS) algorithm in complex form is presented in this paper to estimate power system frequency where the formulated structure is very simple. The three-phase voltages are converted to a complex form for processing by the proposed algorithm. To enhance the convergence characteristic of the complex form of the LMS algorithm, a variable adaptation step-size is incorporated. The performance of the new algorithm is studied through simulations at different situations of the power system.
A Comparison of Athletic Identity , Gender Role Orientation , and Drinking Behavior in Women from the United States and Australia

The relationship between athletic identity, gender role orientation, and drinking behavior among college-aged women from the United States and Australia was explored in a sample of 301 female undergraduate students from the United States and Australia. Athletic identity refers to the extent to which individuals identify with an athletic role. Participants completed an anonymous, paper-and-pencil questionnaire addressing the variables noted above. ANOVA suggests that participants from the United States had both a higher mean masculine gender role orientation and a higher mean athletic identity. Participants from Australia reported a higher mean level of alcohol use. Moreover, participants scoring a higher mean athletic identity also reported a higher mean level of alcohol use in the last 30 days. Secondary analysis of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale revealed that participants from the United States have a significantly higher socioathletic role in athletic identity than their counterparts from Australia. Future research should focus on clarifying the construct of athletic identity and its relation to variables such as the ones studied in this project.
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Neural Lineages in Adherent Culture by Blocking Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have extensive self‐renewal capacity and are competent to differentiate into any cell type of the body. They are valuable not only for the study of early human development but also for regenerative medicine. However, how to direct differentiation of hESCs along a particular lineage pathway to a specific cell type remains a challenge. Although hESCs have been shown to differentiate in vitro into neural progenitors, the factors controlling their differentiation are poorly understood. In this study, we report the development of an in vitro adherent culture system to efficiently generate neural progenitors in which neither multicellular aggregates nor stromal cells are required. We show that inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling by its antagonist noggin is sufficient to block extraembryonic cell fate, transiently sustain Oct4 gene expression, and result in robust production of neural progenitors. Our findings will provide a platform for studying the molecular mechanism controlling neural differentiation.
Segmental aplasia of the Wolffian duct; report of a case in a Poodle.

Bilateral segmental aplasia of the Wolffian duct was diagnosed in a white Poodle dog. On both sides, the tail and part of the body of the epididymis were absent. On the right side spermiostatic cysts were present between the head and the body of the epididymis. This dog must have been infertile, and the possibility of inheritance of the condition from animals affected unilaterally is discussed. Resume. On a diagnostique, chez un caniche barbet blanc, l'aplasie bilaterale segmentaire du conduit meonephrique. Sur les deux cotes, la queue et une partie du corps de l'epididyme etaient absentes. On a decele, sur le cote droit, la presence de Kystes spermiostatiques entre la tete et le corps de l'epididyme. Ce chien doit avoir ete sterile et la possibilite que cette condition se transmette d'animaux affectes unilateralement, est l'objet de discussions. Zusammenfassung. Bilaterale segmentale Aplasie des Wolffischen Kanals wurde in einem weissen Pudel diagnostisiert. An beiden Seiten fehlte Schwanz und ein Teil von dem Epididymis-Corpus. Auf der rechten Seite fand man spermiostatische Zyste zwischen dem Epididymis-Kopf und -Corpus. Dieser Hund muss unfruchtbar gewesen sein und die Moglichkeit einer erblichen ubertragung dieser Kondition von Tieren die unilateral betroffen sind, wurde diskutiert.
Joint registration of location and orientation of intravascular ultrasound pullbacks using a 3D graph based method

A novel method for simultaneous registration of location and orientation of baseline and follow-up intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) pullbacks is reported. The main idea is to represent the registration problem as a 3D graph optimization problem (finding a minimum-cost path) solvable by dynamic programming. Thus, global optimality of the resulting location and orientation registration is guaranteed according to the employed cost function and node connections. The cost function integrates information related to vessel/plaque morphology, plaque shape and plaque/perivascular image data. The node connections incorporate the prior information about angular twisting between consecutively co-registered IVUS image pairs. Pilot validation of our method is currently available for four pairs of IVUS pullback sequences consisting of 323 IVUS image frames from four patients. Results showed the average location and orientation registration errors were 0.26 mm and 5.2°, respectively. Compared with our previous results, the new method offers significant alignment improvement (p < 0.001).
Two instances of central nervous system toxicity in the same patient following repeated ropivacaine‐induced brachial plexus block

We describe two instances of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in the same patient following repeated brachial plexus blocks induced by high doses of ropivacaine (6 mg · kg−1 and 4.5 mg · kg−1, respectively). Although very high total and free plasma concentrations of ropivacaine were found up to 98 min after induction of the blocks, no signs of cardiovascular toxicity apart from hypertension and sinus tachycardia were observed. The measured plasma concentrations are the highest so far reported in the literature. We conclude that this case demonstrates the high cardiovascular safety level of ropivacaine. These high doses, however, resulted in severe toxic CNS symptoms. Therefore, it is stressed that the dose in relation to the weight of the patient must be calculated when administering a large volume of local anesthetic.
Inhibition of RNA synthesis by oxolinic acid is unrelated to average DNA supercoiling

Oxolinic acid reduced RNA synthesis rates whether chromosome supercoiling decreased, increased, or remained unchanged. Thus, inhibition of RNA synthesis by oxolinic acid appears to involve factors other than average DNA supercoiling level. Coumermycin A1 caused RNA synthesis rates to increase or decrease roughly in parallel with DNA supercoiling.
Effects of endurance and strength‐directed electrical stimulation training on the performance and histological properties of paralyzed human muscle: A pilot study

Electrical stimulation (ES) improves muscle properties after spinal cord injury (SCI), but cycling power output (PO) remains low. We investigated the effect of endurance and strength ES training on these parameters. Assessments of quadriceps strength and fatigue resistance, cycling PO, and muscle biopsies were made in four well‐trained SCI subjects (three cyclists and one rower) before and after additional weight training in the cyclists and once in the rower. Weight training improved muscle strength, but cycling PO was low in all subjects. There was no effect of training type on biopsy data. Biopsies showed non‐specific signs of pathology, predominance of type IIa fibers, and uniform metabolic activity. Oxidative activity was low, as were capillary:fiber ratios in the cyclists. Cycling PO is limited by factors other than muscle strength. Future ES training studies should attempt to improve muscle oxidative capacity to optimize the potential benefits of ES exercise. Muscle Nerve 42: 756–763, 2010
HrpA, a DEAH‐box RNA helicase, is involved in mRNA processing of a fimbrial operon in Escherichia coli

Endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA in the daa operon of Escherichia coli is responsible for co‐ordinate regulation of genes involved in F1845 fimbrial biogenesis. Cleavage occurs by an unidentified endoribonuclease, is translation dependent and involves a unique recognition mechanism. Here, we present the results of a genetic strategy used to identify factors involved in daa mRNA processing. We used a reporter construct consisting of the daa mRNA processing region fused to the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). A mutant defective in daa mRNA processing and expressing high levels of GFP was isolated by flow cytometry. To determine the location of mutations, two different genetic approaches, Hfr crosses and P1 transductions, were used. The mutation responsible for the processing defect was subsequently mapped to the 32 min region of the E. coli chromosome. A putative DEAH‐box RNA helicase‐encoding gene at this position, hrpA, was able to restore the ability of the mutant to cleave daa mRNA. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the hrpA regions predicted to encode nucleotide triphosphate binding and hydrolysis functions abolished the ability of the gene to restore the processing defect in the mutant. We propose that HrpA is a novel enzyme involved in mRNA processing in E. coli.
A Mutation at Position 190 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Interacts with Mutations at Positions 74 and 75 via the Template Primer

ABSTRACT We have analyzed amino acid substitutions at position G190 in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The mutation G190E, which is responsible for resistance to certain nonnucleoside inhibitors, results in RT that has significantly less polymerase activity and that is less processive than wild-type RT. Its kinetic profile with respect to dGTP and poly(rC) · oligo(dG) is significantly altered compared to that of wild-type RT. The combination of either of the mutations L74V or V75I with the G190E mutation appears to be compensatory and mitigates many of the deleterious effects of the G190E mutation.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Based on Clustering and Multiple One-Class SVM

Intrusion detection system (IDS) has played an important role as a device to defend our networks from cyber attacks. However, since it is unable to detect unknown attacks, i.e., 0-day attacks, the ultimate challenge in intrusion detection field is how we can exactly identify such an attack by an automated manner. Over the past few years, several studies on solving these problems have been made on anomaly detection using unsupervised learning techniques such as clustering, one-class support vector machine (SVM), etc. Although they enable one to construct intrusion detection models at low cost and effort, and have capability to detect unforeseen attacks, they still have mainly two problems in intrusion detection: a low detection rate and a high false positive rate. In this paper, we propose a new anomaly detection method based on clustering and multiple one-class SVM in order to improve the detection rate while maintaining a low false positive rate. We evaluated our method using KDD Cup 1999 data set. Evaluation results show that our approach outperforms the existing algorithms reported in the literature; especially in detection of unknown attacks.