Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unconditional separation of finite and infinite-dimensional quantum correlations

Determining the relationship between quantum correlation sets is a long-standing open problem. The most well-studied part of the hierarchy is captured by the chain of inclusions $\mathcal C_q \subseteq \mathcal C_{qs} \subsetneq \mathcal C_{qa} \subseteq \mathcal C_{qc}$. The separation $\mathcal C_{qs} \neq \mathcal C_{qa}$, showing that the set of quantum spatial correlations is not closed, was proven in breakthrough work by Slofstra [arXiv:1606.03140 (2016), arXiv:1703.08618 (2017)]. Resolving the question of $\mathcal C_{qa} = \mathcal C_{qc}$ would resolve the Connes Embedding Conjecture and would represent major progress in the mathematical field of operator algebras. In this work, we resolve the ambiguity in the first inclusion, showing that $\mathcal{C}_q \neq \mathcal{C}_{qs}$. We provide an explicit construction of a correlation that can be attained on a tensor product of infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces but not finite-dimensional ones. This property is also conjectured to be possessed by any correlation which maximally violates the $I_{3322}$ inequality.
Wild blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) fruits as valuable sources of antioxidants | Les fruits du prunellier sauvage (Prunus spinosa L.) et delâaubãpine (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) sont de prãcieuses sourcesdâantioxydants

Introduction . Many underutilized wild fruits have great nutritional and functional potential, providing chemical compounds with biological properties. Materials and methods . In the present work we quantified bioactive compounds such as vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids), and total phenolic compounds composed mainly of phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins, as well as evaluating the antioxidant capacity through different in vitro tests (Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS·+, DPPH· and FRAP) in wild blackthorn (P. spinosa L.) and hawthorn (C. monogyna Jacq.) fruits of Spanish origin, including samples from different seasons and locations. Results and discussion . As expected, wide variability was found in the composition of fruits of the same species, which justifies the necessity of analyzing several batches of wild fruits, in order to have representative results taking into account the natural variability. Fruits of P. spinosa showed vitamin C content ranging between (5.14 and 15.35) mg·100 g–1 fw (mainly dehydroascorbic acid); total phenolic compounds ranged from (1851 to 3825) mg·100 g–1 fw, characterized by a high content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Fruits of C. monogyna presented (16 to 39) mg vitamin C·100 g–1 fw and (449 to 1438) mg total phenolic compounds·100 g–1 fw, characterized by a high content of phenolic acids and flavonols. Antioxidant capacity was higher for P. spinosa fruits than for C. monogyna fruits; DPPH· values showed a strong correlation with vitamin C, while phenolic compounds were a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of these fruit extracts. Fruits of P. spinosa and C. monogyna should be reconsidered as new valuable sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.
Expectations as a Source of Macroeconomic Persistence: An Exploration of Firms' and Households' Expectation Formation

While there is little question that expectations lie at the heart of much economic decision-making, and therefore at the heart of models of the macroeconomy that hope to reflect such decision-making, how such expectations are formed is an open research question. In earlier work, Fuhrer (2015) showed that empirical estimates of a standard dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model preferred inertia in expectations over price indexation or habit formation as a mechanism to explain the persistence of aggregate time series for output, inflation, and interest rates. A question left open in that paper was why and how expectations might exhibit such inertia. This paper examines the expectations behavior of individual responses in the surveys of the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) and the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center to shed light on that question.
Bank Internationalization and Export Propensity: An Analysis on Italian Provinces

The main idea of this paper is that bank internationalization might encourage exports as banks’ foreign branches and representative offices provide financial and informational support to exporting firms. This hypothesis has been tested using bank and firm data at Italian province-level between 1993 and 2001. The empirical analysis suggests that there is a positive relationship between bank internationalization and export propensity. The effect seems to be concentrated in the scale and high-technology sectors (according to Pavitt classification), presumably reflecting the greater need for banks’ support in more complex and product-differentiated markets.
The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. II. The Fifth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars

The Fifth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars continues the series of compilations of visual binary star orbits published by Finsen, Worley, and Heintz from the 1930s to the 1980s. As of 2001 January 1, the new catalog includes 1465 orbits of 1430 systems. All orbits have been graded as in earlier catalogs, although the grading scheme has been modified to be more objective. Ephemerides are given for all orbits, as are plots including all associated data in the Washington Double Star 2001.0 database. A subset of orbits useful for scale calibration is also presented. This catalog is one of four USNO double star catalogs to be included on a new CD-ROM.
Radio source populations: Results from SDSS

This contribution provides a review of our current understanding of radio source populations and their host galaxies, as derived from studies of the local Universe, in particular using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Evidence is presented that low luminosity radio sources are fundamentally distinct objects to high radio luminosity sources and optically or X-ray selected AGN, suggesting that these are fuelled by a different mechanism. The low-luminosity radio sources are argued to be fuelled by the accretion of hot gas from their surrounding X-ray haloes, and this offers a potential feedback loop via which the radio-loud AGN can control the cooling of the hot gas, and thus the growth of their host galaxy. The energetic output of the radio sources is derived in order to show that this is indeed feasible. It is emphasised that the difference between these two modes of AGN fuelling is distinct from that of the two different radio morphological classes of radioloud AGN (Fanaroff-Riley classes 1 and 2). The origin of the FR-dichotomy is investigated using Sloan data, and argued to be associated with the environment and evolution of the radio sources. Finally, the role of CSS and GPS sources within this picture is discussed (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the extension of Lie group analysis to functional differential equations

In the present paper the classical point symmetry analysis is extended from partial differential to functional differential equations. In order to perform the group analysis and deal with the functional derivatives, we extend the quantities such as infinitesimal transformations, prolongations and invariant solutions. For the sake of example, the procedure is applied to the functional formulation of the Burgers equation. The method can further lead to important applications in continuum mechanics.
Effect of housing management on production performance of crossbred cows during hot-humid season

Present investigation was carried out to study the effect of modified housing system on production performance of crossbred (Karan-Fries) cows during hot humid seasons. For this study 16 lactating crossbred cows in their early lactation were selected based on parity, milk yield and body weights and randomly divided into two groups (G-I and G-II) with eight animals in each group. G-I group was housed under existing loose housing system and G-II under modified housing system. Analysis revealed that, the maximum temperature and THI were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in modified shed as compared to existing shed. Percent cow comfort index was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in G-II (94.25%) group as compared to G-I (72.75%). There was significant (P less than 0.05) differences of dry matter intake and average daily milk yield of cows and higher mean values were recorded in modified shed as compared to existing shed. Highly significant (P less than 0.01) increase in lying time of cows was recorded in modified shed (53.43%) as compared to existing shed (46.51%). It was concluded that the cows housed inside modified shed during hot-humid season were more comfortable and exhibited improved overall production performance as compared to the animals under existing shed.
Neutron powder diffraction study of rhombohedral rare-earth aluminates and the rhombohedral to cubic phase transition

Neutron powder diffraction has been used to examine the structural changes of the rare-earth aluminates LaAlO3 , PrAlO3 and NdAlO3 over a wide range of temperatures. At room temperature, all three aluminates adopt the rhombohedral perovskite structure in space group R c (a = 5.3647(1) A, c = 13.1114(3) A for LaAlO3 , a = 5.3337(2) A, c = 12.9842(4) A for PrAlO3 , a = 5.3223(2) A, c = 12.9292(5) A for NdAlO3 ). The rhombohedral structure is characterized by rotation of the oxygen atom octahedra about the threefold axis, and compression of these octahedra parallel to the same axis. As the temperature is increased, the rotation angle and the compression decrease, indicative of an approach to the cubic symmetry of the ideal perovskite. Only for LaAlO3 , however, was the transition at a low enough temperature to unequivocally obtain the cubic phase. For PrAlO3 the transition was closely approached before the sample can failed, but for NdAlO3 the transition appeared to be inaccessible within the available temperature range. The rotation angle is taken to represent the order parameter, and its temperature variation is well described by a generalized mean field approach. Such a description suggests the transitions are continuous, being at 820 K and second order for the transition in LaAlO3 , and at 1768 K and tricritical for the transition in PrAlO3 . In the proximity of the phase transition, the octahedral compression varies with the square of the rotation angle, though this description is inadequate remote from the transition, and the constant of proportionality is different for the different compounds.
Social Media, Political Expression, and Political Participation: Panel Analysis of Lagged and Concurrent Relationships

This article relies on U.S. 2-wave panel data to examine the role of social media as a sphere for political expression and its effects on political participation. Informational uses of social media are expected to explain political expression on social media and to promote political participation. This study clarifies the effect of using social media for social interaction in fostering political expression and participation processes. Results indicate that social media news use has direct effects on offline political participation and indirect effects on offline and online political participation mediated via political expression. Furthermore, social media use for social interaction does not have direct influence in people’s political engagement, but rather an indirect effect by means of citizens expressing themselves politically.
Increased probability of large earthquakes near aftershock regions with relative quiescence

It is shown that after a large earthquake of M6 class or over has taken place, another event of similar size or larger is relatively more likely (in the sense of rate per unit area) to occur in the near field than in the far field. In particular, we show that the aftershock activity of the first event provides useful information for assessing the probability of a following large event in the neighborhood (within a distance of a few degrees). Namely, if the aftershock activity from the first event becomes relatively quiet compared to the normal decay, the occurrence rate of larger events in the neighborhood is several times higher during the first decade after the main shock than would be the case for normal aftershock activity. For measuring such phenomena precisely, we need to model the normal aftershock activity. In fact, many aftershock sequences are more complex than the simple inverse power decay represented by the modified Omori formula. The epidemic type aftershock sequences (ETAS) model is a generalized version of the modified Omori formula, which fits well with various aftershock sequences, including nonvolcanic type swarms. Using this model, aftershock sequences are investigated for the 76 main shocks that occurred in and around Japan during the last three quarters of a century. The focus is placed on objective examination of whether or not, in an aftershock sequence, there exists a significant change point followed by relative quiescence, that is, a significant lowering of the seismicity from that predicted by the ETAS model. Relative quiescence can take place regardless of the seismicity level. The extent of such quiescence, if it exists, is seen from the diagrams of cumulative numbers versus the transformed occurrence times based on the predicted occurrence rate by the estimated ETAS model. It is thus demonstrated that relative quiescence can be a helpful factor in detecting anomalous aftershock activity. This can then be used to forecast whether or not a large event is more likely to follow shortly (within ∼6 years) in the neighborhood (within a distance of 3°) of the initial event.
Fine-scale dynamics of rhizomes in a grassland community

Spatial dynamics in grassland communities are constrained by the belowground spatial distribution of roots and rhizomes. Their dynamics are difficult to measure as underground data collection tends to be destructive and cannot be repeated at the same plot over time. We investigated rhizome dynamics indirectly by examining rhizome spatial structure on long-term grassland study plots where aboveground shoot counts have been recorded using a fine-scale grid over nine years. Number of rhizome apical ends, basal ends and total rhizome length of both live and dead rhizomes were obtained from the data by scanning rhizomes and processing them by GIS vectorization. These rhizome variables were correlated with the above-ground shoot counts in grid cells over varying temporal lags. There was a general decrease in the intensity of correlation between live rhizomes and shoot counts with increasing time lags. Correlation of dead rhizomes increased with increasing time lag, reaching a maximum after several years, and then declined. Species differed strongly in the change of rhizome-shoot counts correlation over varying time lags. These differences were used to infer rhizome growth dynamics, namely rhizome growth rate and lifespan, and rhizome mean decomposition time. The species involved differed in all these traits. Mean rhizome growth rate ranged from 0.2 (Polygonum bistorta ) to 3.3 cm yr � 1 (Deschampsia flexuosa ); mean rhizome lifespan ranged from 5 yr (Anthoxanthum alpinum ) to over 8 yr (Nardus stricta ) and mean decomposition time from one growing season (Anthoxanthum ) to 7 yr (Polygonum ). Presence of dead rhizomes below living rhizomes or aboveground shoots was taken as an indication of fine-scale replacements between species. These were highly non-random, with some species pairs replacing significantly more frequently. These differences in rhizome growth parameters underlie different strategies of horizontal growth and dieback between species. These can serve as one of the mechanisms of species replacements and contribute to the finescale coexistence of species.
Skin or Skim? Inside Investment and Hedge Fund Performance

Hedge fund managers contribute substantial personal capital, or "skin in the game," into their funds. While these allocations may better align incentives, managers may also strategically allocate their private capital in ways that negatively affect investors. We find that funds with more inside investment outperform other funds within the same family. However, this relationship is driven by managerial decisions to invest capital in their least-scalable strategies and restrict the entry of new outsider capital into these funds. Our results suggest that skin in the game may work as a rent-extraction mechanism at the expense of fund participation of outside investors.
Modelled phenomenon of burr formation during machining

A model of burr formation on the edge of the workpiece in the course of machining is presented. The material being machined, the cutting tool and the machining parameters were modelled. Material properties and type of its deformations have been modelled with the use of a constitutive Johnson - Cook model. Material damage initiation criteria and associated damage evolution have been modelled with the use of the ductile damage and the JohnsonCook damage initiation criterion. Simulations of the machining process for different depths of cut were carried out. The real burr formation presented by Hashimura was compared with the modelled one. The influence of the cutting parameters on the form and size of burr has been analysed. Calculations have been realised utilising finite element method with the use of nonlinear analysis in ABAQUS/Explicit environment. Based on simulation results, the assessment of the form and size of burr has been made. Burr height was used to evaluate its size, which was derived according to ISO 13715 standard. The goal was to obtain a model that reliably reflects the behaviour of material during machining, with particular emphasis on supporting the creation of cutting phenomenon of burr formation. The results of simulation and computational analysis confirmed that the model reflects the real behaviour of the material.
Recent Developments in Environment-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel

In 2002, our group and collaborators began initial investigations on the use of rare-earth carboxylates as non-toxic and environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel. This was followed by a more comprehensive study, reported in 2004 by Blin et al., in which a range of such carboxylate compounds were investigated. This study identified lanthanum 4-hydroxycinnamate, La(4-OHcin)3 as a promising compound. In the review presented here our more recent investigations on mild steel corrosion inhibitors with structures closely related to La(4-OHcin)3 are presented. In another study, Lee investigated the effect on corrosion of subtle changes to the La(4-OHcin)3 structure. Seter et al. found that small structural changes could have a major effect on the inhibition performance. Nam et al. investigated cerium, lanthanum and praseodymium 4-hydroxycinnamate as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in carbon dioxide atmospheres in sodium chloride solution. In this particular situation, Pr(4-OHcin)3 led to the largest reduction in corrosion current. A totally organic complex, imidazolinium 4-hydroxycinnamate (Imn 4-OHcin) has been investigated with the aim of developing a compound that can inhibit both corrosion and microbial growth. This compound was found to inhibit mild steel corrosion across a wide pH range and was particularly effective at a pH of 2. We have also been investigating a rare-earth compound with an alternative carboxylate structure to the cinnamate; 3-(4-methylbenzoyl)propionate(mbp). This ligand differs from 4-hydroxycinnamate by having a carbonyl group present, which may give an extra anchor point to a metal surface when forming a barrier coating. A range of rare-earth mbp complexes was investigated, with Nd(mbp)3 resulting in the largest reduction in corrosion current density at a concentration of 0.125 mM.
Longitudinal slope and Dehn fillings

Let M be an irreducible 3-manifold with an incompressible torus boundary T, and g a slope on T, which bounds an incompressible surface, with genus g say. We assume that there exists a slope r that produces an essential 2-sphere by Dehn filling. Let q be the minimal geometric intersection number between the essential 2-sphere and the core of the Dehn filling. Then, we show that q 1⁄4 2 or the minimal geometric intersection number between g and r is bounded by 2g 1. In the special case that M is the exterior of a non-cable knot K in S, we show that qb 6 and jrja 2g 1, where g is the genus of the knot K. We get also similar and simpler results for the projective slopes. These imply immediately a known result that the cabling and RP conjectures are true for genus one knots.
Chapter 2 Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Girls and Female Adolescents

Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the early identification of psychiatric symptoms and prevention of many mental disorders, including disruptive behavior, mood, and anxiety disorders. Substantial evidence is accumulating from longitudinal birth cohort studies and nationally representative surveys to suggest that there are developmental trajectories of psychiatric problems, many of which onset at young ages. Consequently, effective interventions during early life stages have the potential to support the positive neurobiological, cognitive, and psychosocial development that is needed for successful transitions from youth to adulthood. Epidemiologic studies can help inform priorities for service delivery by identifying the extent to which symptoms remit or develop into disorders during childhood and adolescence, the disorders that may be limited to this age range versus those that persist into adulthood, and the disorders that onset in adulthood for which symptoms may have manifested earlier. The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the prevalence and patterns of mental disorders specifically among girls and female adolescents, with special attention to variations across age (see Chaps. 3 and 4 in this volume on the epidemiology of mental disorders in adult women and older adult women, respectively). The epidemiologic focus on one gender is warranted for three reasons: (1) gender differences in rates of mental disorders among adults likely developed at young ages; (2) the influence of gender roles and expectations on the expression and interpretation of externalizing (behavioral) and internalizing (emotional) symptoms, which are believed to be more common among boys and girls, respectively; and (3) gender as a modifier of the illness risk and protective factors that have been identified at genetic, neurobiological, and psychosocial levels. The focus on
Tight lower bounds on the matching number in a graph with given maximum degree

Let k≥3 . We prove the following three bounds for the matching number, α′(G) , of a graph, G, of order n size m and maximum degree at most k. If k is odd, then α′(G)≥(k−1k(k2−3))n+(k2−k−2k(k2−3))m−k−1k(k2−3) . If k is even, then α′(G)≥nk(k+1)+mk+1−1k . If k is even, then α′(G)≥(k+2k2+k+2)m−(k−2k2+k+2)n−k+2k2+k+2 .