Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skills for the knowledge and service society Trends determining future pre-service and in-service VET needs

SUMMARY The change-over to a knowledge and service society means greater opportunities for the highly skilled. Participation in tertiary education is increasing in all countries, and it can be seen that graduates are being absorbed into knowledgeintensive services in the labour market. The international trend towards making vocational education and training part of tertiary education is a response to changes in the demand for skills and to educational ambitions: post-training training is becoming more widespread. The vast majority of jobs will nonetheless continue to be for ‘trained operatives’ with mid-level and lower-level skills. The decline in the production sector is reducing the scale of simple jobs and is hence a major factor in the increase in specialist training. Many service jobs may not demand lengthy job-specific training, but they do require generic basic academic and behavioural skills. The smaller the job-specific element of the job profile, the greater the element of generic skills required (such as teamworking and customer and service focus). Such basic education and training for all young people is therefore becoming increasingly necessary for employability and as a platform for lifelong learning: general adult education (‘personality stabilisation’) and the importance of job-specific in-service updating training are growing at all levels of the employment system.
Molecular Gas Filaments and Star-forming Knots Beneath an X-Ray Cavity in RXC J1504–0248

We present recent ALMA observations of the CO (1–0) and CO (3–2) emission lines in the brightest cluster galaxy of RXC J1504.1−0248, which is one of the most extreme cool core clusters known. The central galaxy contains of molecular gas. The molecular gas morphology is complex and disturbed, showing no evidence for a rotationally supported structure in equilibrium. A total of 80% of the gas is situated within the central 5 kpc of the galactic center, while the remaining gas is located in a 20 kpc long filament. The cold gas has likely condensed out of the hot atmosphere. The filament is oriented along the edge of a putative X-ray cavity, suggesting that active galactic nucleus activity has stimulated condensation. This is energetically feasible, although the morphology is not as conclusive as systems whose molecular filaments trail directly behind buoyant radio bubbles. The velocity gradient along the filament is smooth and shallow. It is only consistent with freefall if it lies within 20° of the plane of the sky. The abundance of clusters with comparably low velocities suggests that the filament is not freefalling. Both the central gas and filamentary gas are coincident with bright UV emission from ongoing star formation. Star formation near the cluster core is consistent with the Kennicutt–Schmidt law. The filament exhibits increased star formation surface densities, possibly resulting from either the consumption of a finite molecular gas supply or spatial variations in the CO-to-H2 conversion factor.
Factors Influencing the Incidence of Measles in Under Fives in Tamale Municipality

Tamale Municipality is the smallest of the 13 districts in the Northern Region. It serves as the capital of both the Region and the district. The incidence of measles in Tamale is among the highest in the region. Most of the cases were in children under five. Despite efforts to control the disease, the incidence has remained almost the same. A case control study and seroprevalence study were jointly carried out as a single study to determine the factors that influence the incidence of measles in under five children. In the case control study, 75 children between 0-60 months who had measles in 2000 were randomly selected as cases and traced to their communities and were paired with controls, who were children who did not have any history of measles in the same communities as cases. In addition, a seroprevalence study of measles antibodies was undertaken in a convenience sample of 100 preschool children between 2-5years to determine the efficacy of the measles vaccine. The mothers of cases and the controls were interviewed to determine their children's immunization status, socioeconomic characteristics, beliefs and practices with respect to measles. The study found out that sixty-eight percent of the cases that had measles was vaccinated against measles. Twelve percent of the cases developed measles before they were 9 months old.
Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery

Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers play an important role in the high-altitude water cycle in the Himalaya, yet their dynamics are poorly understood, partly because of the difficult fieldwork conditions. In this study we therefore deploy an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) three times (May 2013, October 2013 and May 2014) over the debris-covered Lirung Glacier in Nepal. The acquired data are processed into orthomosaics and elevation models by a Structure from Motion workflow, and seasonal surface velocity is derived using frequency cross-correlation. In order to obtain optimal surface velocity products, the effects of different input data and correlator configurations are evaluated, which reveals that the orthomosaic as input paired with moderate correlator settings provides the best results. The glacier has considerable spatial and seasonal differences in surface velocity, with maximum summer and winter velocities 6 and 2.5 m a-1, respectively, in the upper part of the tongue, while the lower part is nearly stagnant. It is hypothesized that the higher velocities during summer are caused by basal sliding due to increased lubrication of the bed. We conclude that UAVs have great potential to quantify seasonal and annual variations in flow and can help to further our understanding of debris-covered glaciers.
Enhancement of Noise Performance in Digital Receivers by Over Sampling the Received Signal

In wireless channel the noise has a zero mean. This channel property can be used in the enhancement of the noise performance in the digital receivers by oversampling the received signal and calculating the decision variable based on the time average of more than one sample of the received signal. The averaging process will reduce the effect of the noise in the decision variable that will approach to the desired signal value. The averaging process works like a lter that reduces the noise power at its output according to its averaging interval. Although the power spectrum of the noise does not change according to the averaging process, the noise variance at the decision variable will be smaller than the channel noise variance. This paper studies this idea and show how the performance of digital receivers can be enhanced by oversampling the received signal. This paper shows another treatment method to the noise problem in digital modulation systems.
Financial sector and manufacturing sector performance: evidence from Nigeria

Nigerian economy depends on oil as the major source of revenue, failure to diversify the revenue base has raised questions about its sustainability and implication on the economy. This study uses market capitalization, broad money stock, credit to private sector, prime interest rate and deposit liability as proxies for the financial sector, while output in the manufacturing sector and manufacturing employment are used as proxies for manufacturing performance. The study examines the causal effects, shock effect and long-run impact using Granger Non-Causality, Vector Error Correction Model, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square method, respectively. The results showed unidirectional causality, confirming the hypothesis of the ‘supply-leading view’ and ‘demand-following view’ except for market capitalization and output in the manufacturing sector, where independence was observed. The variance decomposition shows that the forecast error shock of credit to private sector and prime interest rate show more variations in manufacturing sector performance than other financial indicators. The long-run result using output in manufacturing sector as dependent variable shows a positive significant relationship with other financial sector indicators, except for broad money stock and deposit liability. This study recommended credit channel for transmission of monetary policy using interest rate to improve the performance of manufacturing sector, among others. This study examines the relationship between financial sector and performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Three sets of model were estimated, for long-run relationship, shock effects and causal relationship. Evidence from the long-run result using output in manufacturing sector ( MGDP ) as dependent variable shows that it has positive significant relationship with credit to private sector to GDP ( FCP ), prime interest rate ( FPI ), market capitalization to GDP ratio ( MCP ) and employment in manufacturing sector ( MEMP ), while broad money stock to GDP ratio is not significant. Also, deposit liability to GDP ratio ( FDL ) has a significant long-run negative relationship. Using employment in manufacturing sector as dependent variable ( MEMP ), it has a significant positive long-run relationship with output in manufacturing sector ( MGDP ) and deposit liability to GDP ratio, and negative significant long-run relationship with prime interest rate ( FPI ) and market capitalization to GDP ratio ( MCP ). Broad money stock to GDP ratio ( FMI ) and credit to private sector ratio to GDP ( FCP ) were not statistically significant at the level of 5 percent.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN HELICAL DOUBLE TUBE EXCHANGERS

Helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in industrial applications ranging fromcryogenic processes, air-conditioning, and nuclear reactors to waste heat recovery due totheir compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. In this kind of heat exchangers, flowand heat transfer are complicated. This paper reports a numerical investigation of theinfluence of different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tubeon the characteristics of heat transfer in helical double tube heat exchangers usingthe well-known Fluent CFD software. Modeling of the study was implemented based onprinciples of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics. By imposing boundaryconditions and selecting of an appropriate grid, whereby the results are independent ofmeshing, the obtained results were compared and validated with existing experimentalresults in the open literature. The results indicate that heat transfer augments by increasingof the inner Dean number, inner tube diameter, curvature ratio, and by the reduction of thepitch of the heat exchanger coil.
1 First Filtering Step

The possibility to model many physical events through the use of computers turned simulators into a widely used tool in research, teaching and training. The use of simulators in teaching-learning robotics gives students complementary ways for practicing theoretical concepts learnt in the classroom. Many simulators have been developed, but only a few papers have investigated the effects of using simulators in the teaching-learning process. In this paper a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was performed aiming to investigate which methods are used to evaluate simulators educational impact and what are the educational features present in such systems. Based on the SLR data analysis, a set of most frequent educational features were found which include Foward Kinematics, Tasks, Scenes with various objects, Programming language, Modeling/Designing and, Inverse Kinematics. This SLR found that the most popular assessment method is questionnaires of usability and motivation and only a few researchers based their assessment on the students performance while programming and operating real robots. It was made clear that more extensive research on the impacts of using robot simulators is needed in order to better understand the relationship between learning issues and simulators features.
Mean field limit for the one dimensional Vlasov-Poisson equation

We consider systems of $N$ particles in dimension one, driven by pair Coulombian or gravitational interactions. When the number of particles goes to infinity in the so called mean field scaling, we formally expect convergence towards the Vlasov-Poisson equation. Actually a rigorous proof of that convergence was given by Trocheris in \cite{Tro86}. Here we shall give a simpler proof of this result, and explain why it implies the so-called "Propagation of molecular chaos". More precisely, both results will be a direct consequence of a weak-strong stability result on the one dimensional Vlasov-Poisson equation that is interesting by it own. We also prove the existence of global solutions to the $N$ particles dynamic starting from any initial positions and velocities, and the existence of global solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson equation starting from any measures with bounded first moment in velocity.
The Need for a Strong Public-Private Linkage in Agricultural Extension System (Case Study: Sari Township, Iran)

Relationship between public and private sector is becoming an increasingly important issue in management of agricultural extension services. The need for a strong linkage could be identified as the gap between desirable and current situation. In this research, the differences among current and desirable situation in six diverse dimensions was calculated. The current and desirable situation was evaluated from the overview of two groups of experts in public (n=36) and private (n=59) sector in Sari township. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was filled during interviews. Reliability and validity of questionnaire was verified using Chronbach’s alpha test and views of panel of experts respectively. Results showed that there is a need to reinforce the link between public and private extension, especially in case of organizational structure system. This study showed that, the linkage between decision making and planning system of extension system is inappropriate and should be improved.
Incentives and the Supply of Effective Charter Schools

Charter school funding is typically set by formulas that provide the same amount for students regardless of advantage or need. I present evidence that this policy skews the distribution of students served by charters toward low-cost populations by influencing where charter schools open and whether they survive. To do this, I develop and estimate an equilibrium model of charter school supply and competition to evaluate the effects of funding policies that aim to correct these incentives. The results indicate that a cost-adjusted funding formula would increase the share of disadvantaged students in charter schools with little reduction in aggregate effectiveness. (JEL H75, I21, I22, I28)
A STUDY OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES OF HUMERUS BY DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the fractures, mechanism of injury, union rates and functional results of humeral shaft fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plate. RESULTS: In present study, 25 patients of diaphyseal fractures of humerus, surgically managed by dynamic compression plate & screws, between October 2012 to September 2014 in government general hospital attached to kurnool medical college were included. The average age of the patient is 38.9 years, road traffic accidents being the most common mode of accident with 72%, middle third fractures were commonest with 80%, transverse fractures were the commonest with 52%, anterolateral approach was used in 88%, union achieved in 88% with mean time for union 15.56 weeks, iatrogenic radial nerve palsy in 4%, postoperative infection in 4%, full range of movements in 80%, with 8% nonunion. CONCLUSION: By the analysis of the data collected in the present study, dynamic compression plate & screws remains the implant of choice in the management of diaphyseal fractures of humerus.
BREEDING AND GENETICS Combining Ability for Neps, Seed Coat Fragments, and Motes in Upland Cotton

Minimizing neppiness, neps, seed coat fragments, and motes in ginned cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers is one of the keys to keep US fibers competitive in the global market. Fortyeight F2 hybrids derived from crosses between 12 exotic germplasm lines (male parents), i.e., six Species Polycross (SP) and six John Cotton lines, and four elite germplasm lines (female parents) were evaluated to detect combining ability for the neppiness traits. F2 hybrids and parents were planted at two locations with four and three replicates each in 2008 and 2009. Neps and seed coat fragments were measured using Advanced Fiber Information System. Significant general combining ability (GCA) effects were observed for most neppiness traits. Additive effects were more important than nonadditive effects for neps, seed coat neps (SCN), and motes. Correlation (r = 0.52) between increased nep count and increased short fiber content (SFCn) implied a possibility for simultaneous improvement of these two traits. In contrast, correlation (r = -0.50) between nep count and fineness implied an antagonistic relationship between the two properties in selection. MD15 was the best female parent with negative GCA effects for neppiness traits and SFCn. SP156 was the best general combiner with favorable GCA effects for neppiness traits and other fiber properties with positive GCA effect for lint yield. Results provide evidence for the possibility of simultaneous genetic improvement of multiple neppiness traits with lint yield and other fiber properties in Upland cotton using SP156 as parent.
A study of the employment of melatonin supplementation and darkness regime on reducing the negative effects of acute heat stress and mortality in broiler chickens

Background: Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide. Understanding and controlling environmental stressors is crucial for successful poultry production. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin supplementation and darkness regime on reducing the negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. METHODS: A total of 400 broiler chickens (Arian) were obtained and subjected to four different groups. The control chickens were grown in normal conditions without receiving any treatment. The positive control birds were grown similar to the control but exposed to an acute heat stress for 6 h/d from days 35 to 40. The dark group chickens were reared under a dark schedule and exposed to heat stress. The birds of the fourth group were reared similar to the positive control but received 40 ppm melatonin in the diet from days 30 to 40 of age. Dead birds were autopsied. The weekly growth performance of chickens was determined and blood samples were taken for hormonal analysis. RESULTS: The number of dead birds due to heat stress was significantly decreased in chickens subjected to the dark program and/or those which received melatonin in the diet compared with those of positive control chickens. Such differences were accompanied with the significantly lower levels of plasma T3, T3/T4 and corticosterone in these groups of chickens. Additionally, plasma thiobarbituric acid reacting substances level was significantly higher in positive control broilers compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a reduction of metabolic rate and heat production in dark regime and melatonin supplementation that can reduce the side effects of heat stress and, therefore, reduce the mortality rate.
The relationships amongst leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, affective commitment, and in-role performance: a social-exchange perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether leader-member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) have interactive effects on affective commitment to the organization. The utility of Social Exchange Theory for explaining workplace attitudes and behaviors in non-Western settings has been questioned. Another objective is to test the hypotheses, which are based on Social Exchange Theory, within a Chinese context. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional, self-report data on LMX, POS and affective commitment were obtained from 428 full-time employees in China. In-role performance ratings were provided by immediate supervisors. Findings – LMX and POS have synergistic effects on affective commitment. Affective commitment mediates both the relationship between LMX and in-role performance and the relationship between POS and in-role performance. Research limitations/implications – The limitations include using a cross-sectional, self-report design for LMX, POS and affective co.
The Reduction of NOx by HNCO

A chemical mechanism for the reduction of NOx by HNCO has been constructed to model NOx reduction in exhausts typical of natural gas combustion with the addition of radical boosters (fuel). Variables considered were the initial concentrations of NO, N02 , CO, O2 , CH4 ' H2 , and HNCO as well as initial temperatures. The chemical model was validated by comparing results with earlier model calculations of Miller and Bowman and with the experiments of Caton and Siebers and Lyon and Cole. Agreement with experiments was satisfactory. The reduction chemistry must be preceded by thermal ignition chemistry which generates radicals. The lowest temperature for which ignition occurs is the optimum temperature for reduction and defines the beginning of the temperature window. Reduction was not achieved for the "natural gas exhaust" for a reasonable residence time. Additional H2 added to the exhaust mixture enhanced reduction, but the addition of CO and CH4 did not. Under some conditions the computed sensitivity coefficient for nitrogen species and temperature exhibited self-similarity. Four reaction paths were identified which controlled the fate of the NO: the conversion of NO to N02 via H02 , the conversion of N02 to NO via reaction with H or 0, the reduction of NO via NCO, and the reduction of NO from reactions with NHi species. The relative importance of the four was determined by the initial conditions.
Dividend Policy Decision across African Countries

This paper provides analysis of the trends in dividend policy and differentials in firm and country specific factors for payers and non-payers of dividends and examines the predictions concerning the amount of dividends paid by listed non-financial firms in African countries. Using a panel dataset over the period 1994-2011 from 13 African countries, the study found that dividend payers are more profitable, have larger firm size, greater investment, higher retention of earnings and less financial leverage than non-paying firms. The results show that in countries where the GDP per capita is low, firms are more likely to pay dividends. The level of corruption is high for non-payers of dividends. The study also found a positive significant relationship between dividend payout, profitability, investment opportunities and firm size. However, a significant negative relationship was reported between dividend payout, financial leverage, corruption and gross domestic product per capita. The study further found that the dividend trends were very low and stable. The conclusion, therefore, indicates that although firm specific factors are important in Africa in determining dividend policy regarding payout, country specific factors play very significant roles in determining the dividend payout of African firms .