Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the composition of part-set cues

Two experiments examined whether the specific composition of the set of cues might influence performance on a part-set cueing task. Although researchers traditionally have chosen their part-set cues either at random or systematically across the original set of materials, in the current study, the part-set cues comprised sets of either the most or least memorable items in the stimulus set (based on past research with the materials). With both word list (Experiment 1) and paragraph (Experiment 2) stimuli, the results showed differential effects of cue composition on part-set cueing performance. That is, part-set cueing impairment occurred following the presentation of high memorability cues, whereas there was no difference between cued and uncued performance following presentation of low memorability cues. These results suggest that the presence or absence of part-set cueing impairment can be influenced by the specific composition of the cue set.
Motion-Induced Scotoma

We investigated artificial scotomas created when a moving object instantaneously crossed a gap, jumping ahead and continuing its otherwise smooth motion. Gaps of up to 5.1 degrees of visual angle, presented at 18° eccentricity, either closed completely or appeared much shorter than when the same gap was crossed by two-point apparent motion, or crossed more slowly, mimicking occlusion. Prolonged exposure to motion trajectories with a gap in most cases led to further shrinking of the gap. The same gap-shrinking effect has previously been observed in touch. In both sensory modalities, it implicates facilitation among codirectional local motion detectors and motion neurons with receptive fields larger than the gap. Unlike stimuli that simply deprive a receptor surface of input, suggesting it is insentient, our motion pattern skips a section in a manner that suggests a portion of the receptor surface has been excised, and the remaining portions stitched back together. This makes it a potentially useful tool in the experimental study of plasticity in sensory maps.
Electronic and optical properties of metal decorated nitrogen-doped vacancy defects in graphene

We present a first principles study of the stability, and of the electronic and optical properties of graphene with nitrogen doped vacancies. Moreover, we use the vacancies as anchoring sites for Mg, Zn, Pd al Pt atoms and vary the concentration of defects. Decoration of the defects with metal atoms produces semi-metallic systems for any studied size of the cell, with linear bands crossing at the Fermi level. The peculiar electronic properties of massless Dirac fermions in graphene are hence kept, although with anisotropic Fermi velocities. New sharp peaks appear in the optical conductivity in the visible range, thus strongly enhancing the optical response of graphene.
Spatial Abilities Training in Anatomy Education: A Systematic Review

Spatial abilities have been correlated to anatomy knowledge assessment and spatial training has been found to improve spatial abilities in previous systematic reviews. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate spatial abilities training in anatomy education. A literature search was done from inception to 3 August 2017 in Scopus® and several databases on the EBSCOhost platform. Citations were reviewed and those involving anatomy education, an intervention, and a spatial abilities test were retained and the corresponding full‐text articles were reviewed for inclusion. Before and after training studies, as well as comparative training programs, relating a spatial training intervention to spatial abilities were eligible. Of the 2,405 citations obtained, 52 articles were identified and reviewed, yielding eight eligible articles. Instruction in anatomy and mental rotations training were found to improve spatial abilities. For the seven studies retained for the meta‐analysis that included the effect of interventions on spatial abilities test scores, the pooled treatment effect difference was 0.49 (95% CI [0.17; 0.82]; n = 11) improvement. For the two studies that included the practice effect on spatial abilities test scores in a control group, the pooled treatment effect difference was 0.47 (95% CI [−0.03; 0.97]; n = 2) improvement. In these two studies, the impact of the intervention on spatial abilities test scores was found despite the practice effect. Evidence was found for improvement of spatial abilities in anatomy education using instruction in anatomy and mental rotations training.
Targeted agents or immuno-oncology therapies as first-line therapy for BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a real-world study.

AIM Targeted therapy (TT) and immuno-oncology (IO) drugs are approved for patients with BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma (MM). We compared real-world outcomes for first-line (1L) TT versus 1L IO to evaluate optimal sequencing. MATERIALS & METHODS Physicians-identified BRAF mutant MM patients initiating 1L TT or IO therapies and extracted treatment, disease and clinical outcomes including disease response which were compared between TT and IO and individual regimens. RESULTS 440 MM patients (TT = 283, IO = 157) were identified. A higher proportion of TT patients had liver metastases (46.3 vs 35.0%) and abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (61.1 vs 42.7%). IO-treated had a RECIST-determined response rate of 45.9 versus 60.1% for TT and time on treatment of 7.2 versus 11.4 months, respectively. There was no survival difference between cohorts. CONCLUSION Despite higher risk patients, 1L TT resulted in higher response rate and longer treatment duration suggesting a preferred 1L sequence.
Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomics reveals similar metabolomics profiles in undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis and reactive arthritis

After exclusion of reactive, psoriatic and enteritis‐associated arthritis, a group of “undifferentiated” peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) remains. This group shares genetics, T‐cell repertoire, and cytokines with reactive arthritis (ReA). ReA is preceded by gut or urogenital infection. Otherwise the two may be similar. We know little of the metabolic pathways driving undifferentiated pSpA or ReA. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics presents a hypothesis‐free approach to study and compare metabolic pathways driving undifferentiated pSpA and ReA.
The macrocyclizing protease butelase 1 remains auto-catalytic and reveals the structural basis for ligase activity

Plant asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) are expressed as inactive zymogens that perform seed storage protein maturation upon cleavage dependent auto-activation in the low pH environment of storage vacuoles. AEPs have attracted attention for their macrocyclization reactions and have been classified as cleavage or ligation specialists. However, we have recently shown that the ability of AEPs to produce either cyclic or acyclic products can be altered by mutations to the active site region, and that several AEPs are capable of macrocyclization given favorable pH conditions. One AEP extracted from Clitoria ternatea seeds (butelase 1) is classified as a ligase rather than a protease, presenting an opportunity to test for loss of cleavage activity. Here, making recombinant butelase 1 and rescuing an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking AEP, we show butelase 1 retains cleavage functions in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo rescue was incomplete, consistent with some trade-off for butelase 1 specialization toward macrocyclization. Its crystal structure showed an active site with only subtle differences from cleaving AEPs, suggesting the many differences in its peptide binding region are the source of its efficient macrocyclization. All considered, it seems either butelase 1 has not fully specialized or a requirement for auto-catalytic cleavage is an evolutionary constraint upon macrocyclizing AEPs.
Deciphering the Genetics of Major End-Use Quality Traits in Wheat

Improving the end-use quality traits is one of the primary objectives in wheat breeding programs. In the current study, a population of 127 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Glenn (PI-639273) and Traverse (PI-642780) was developed and used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 16 end-use quality traits in wheat. The phenotyping of these 16 traits was performed in nine environments in North Dakota, USA. The genotyping for the RIL population was conducted using the wheat Illumina iSelect 90K SNP assay. A high-density genetic linkage map consisting of 7,963 SNP markers identified a total of 76 additive QTL (A-QTL) and 73 digenic epistatic QTL (DE-QTL) associated with these traits. Overall, 12 stable major A-QTL and three stable DE-QTL were identified for these traits, suggesting that both A-QTL and DE-QTL played an important role in controlling end-use quality traits in wheat. The most significant A-QTL (AQ.MMLPT.ndsu.1B) was detected on chromosome 1B for mixograph middle line peak time. The AQ.MMLPT. ndsu.1B A-QTL was located very close to the position of the Glu-B1 gene encoding for a subunit of high molecular weight glutenin and explained up to 24.43% of phenotypic variation for mixograph MID line peak time. A total of 23 co-localized QTL loci were detected, suggesting the possibility of the simultaneous improvement of the end-use quality traits through selection procedures in wheat breeding programs. Overall, the information provided in this study could be used in marker-assisted selection to increase selection efficiency and to improve the end-use quality in wheat.
A Scale to Assess Activities of Daily Living in Pantothenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration

Pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal‐recessive, neurodegenerative disorder with a mixed‐motor phenotype caused by a defective PanK2 enzyme, for which there are few adequate treatment options. Clinimetrically sound measures of patient‐reported outcomes are necessary to facilitate therapeutic development for this debilitating disease. This study's objective was to develop such a scale and assess its clinimetric properties.
Service-Learning and Professional Values Development of Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Abstract Service-learning has been linked to attributes of professionalism such as integrity, altruism, and social justice in nursing literature. The purpose of this literature review was to determine how local service-learning experiences with vulnerable populations affect the development of professionalism and professional values in baccalaureate nursing students. A summary of the themes, Professionalism and Leadership and Critical Stance on Social Justice, is presented.
A Family of NAI2-Interacting Proteins in the Biogenesis of the ER Body and Related Structures1[OPEN]

Three related NAI2-interacting proteins from Arabidopsis are critical components in the biogenesis of ER bodies found only in the Brassicales and related structures likely also present in other plants. Plants produce different types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles that accumulate and transport proteins, lipids, and metabolites. In the Brassicales, a distinct ER-derived structure called the ER body is found throughout the epidermis of cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots. NAI2 is a key factor for ER body formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Homologs of NAI2 are found only in the Brassicales and therefore may have evolved specifically to enable ER body formation. Here, we report that three related Arabidopsis NAI2-interacting proteins (NAIP1, NAIP2, and NAIP3) play a critical role in the biogenesis of ER bodies and related structures. Analysis using GFP fusions revealed that all three NAIPs are components of the ER bodies found in the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots. Genetic analysis with naip mutants indicates that they have a critical and redundant role in ER body formation. NAIP2 and NAIP3 are also components of other vesicular structures likely derived from the ER that are formed independent of NAI2 and are present not only in the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots, but also in the rosettes. Thus, while NAIP1 is a specialized ER body component, NAIP2 and NAIP3 are components of different types of ER-derived structures. Analysis of chimeric NAIP proteins revealed that their N-terminal domains play a major role in the functional specialization between NAIP1 and NAIP3. Unlike NAI2, NAIPs have homologs in all plants; therefore, NAIP-containing ER structures, from which the ER bodies in the Brassicales may have evolved, are likely to be present widely in plants.
A case of 25I-NBOMe (25-I) intoxication: a new potent 5-HT2A agonist designer drug

Context. Abuse of synthetic stimulant compounds resulting in significant toxicity is being increasingly reported by poison centers. Toxicologic assessment is complicated by inconsistent manufacturing processes and limited laboratory testing. We describe a case of self-reported exposure to 25-I (25I-NBOMe), a novel phenethylamine derivative, with subsequent quantification in serum. Case details. An 18-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe agitation and hallucinations after jumping out of a moving car. He was tachycardiac (150–160 bpm) and hypertensive (150–170 mm Hg systolic and 110 mg Hg diastolic), and required physical restraints and treatment with intravenous lorazepam administration. His symptoms gradually improved and vital signs returned to normal over 48 h, though he continued to have episodes of aggressiveness. An assay was developed by our analytical toxicology laboratory for 25-I, and serum obtained during ED evaluation and treatment was found to contain 0.76 ng/ml of 25-I. Case discussion. For 25I-NBOMe, 25-I is a common abbreviation for 25I-NBOMe, which is a (n-benzyl) phenethylamine in the 2C “family. ”Initially synthesized for research, cases of self-reported use of 25-I have recently appeared in the literature, some of which contain qualitative urine confirmation. There are no commercially available quantitative assays, and no previous reports have published serum concentrations. 25-I is a potent new synthetic drug with apparent significant behavioral toxicity that can be detected and quantified in serum.
Adherence to international guidelines for the treatment of meningitis infections in Lebanon

Objectives: To assess meningitis treatment in Lebanon’s compatibility with the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines and the effect of non-compliance on mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted in 5 Lebanese hospitals, and enrolling all patients diagnosed with meningitis who presented to the involved hospitals from January 2008 to December 2016. Results: A total of 252 participants were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 205 (82.7%) were diagnosed with viral meningitis and 47 (17.3%) with bacterial meningitis, which was confirmed using laboratory tests. For patients with viral meningitis, 128 (62.4%) remained on the initial prescribed antibiotics despite the negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood culture results. For bacterial meningitis patients, 30.8% received treatment regimen incompatible with the IDSA guidelines. The most common reason for the treatment incompatibility was the definitive drug choice after the culture results (49.1%) and the least common reason was inappropriate hospital stay days (25.9%). The mortality rate was 13.5%. Having low proteins values in the CSF (odds ratio=0.095) was associated with lower mortality compared to patients with normal protein values. Conclusion: This study shows a high percentage of inappropriate treatment in Lebanese hospitals despite these hospitals having adopted international treatment guidelines. This inappropriate management was associated with an increasing rate of mortality and neurological complications.
Cytomorphometric and Morphological Analysis in Women with Trichomonas vaginalis Infection: Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Cervical Epithelial Cells

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the cytomorphometric and morphological effects of Trichomonas vaginalis in exfoliated epithelial cells. Study Design: Ninety-six Pap-stained cervical smears were divided into a study group and two control groups as follows: T. vaginalis cases, a first control group with inflammation, and a second control group without inflammation. Micronucleated, binucleated, karyorrhectic, karyolytic, and karyopyknotic cells and cells with perinuclear halos per 1,000 epithelial cells were counted. Nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated in 70 clearly defined cells in each smear using image analysis. Results: The frequencies of morphological parameters in the T. vaginalis cases were higher than the values of the two control groups, and the difference among groups was found to be significant (p < 0.05). The nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of epithelial cells were diminished in patients with trichomoniasis. The mean nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in T. vaginalis patients was higher than the value in the control groups, and the difference between the study group and control group 1 was significant. However, there was no statistically significant increase between the study group and control group 2. Conclusions:T. vaginalis exhibited significant changes in the cellular size and nuclear structure of the cells. The rising frequency of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities, and changing nucleus/cytoplasm ratio may reflect genotoxic damage in trichomoniasis.
Exploring Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Whole Brain ALE Meta-Analysis for Multimodal MRI.

BACKGROUND Unraveling novel biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was highlighted in the prevention and modification of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inconsistent results for comparison between MCI patients and healthy controls (HC) were obtained from previous neuroimaging studies. METHODS An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was made for multimodal neuroimaging in MCI. After initial research and step-by-step exclusions procedures, n = 101 articles (MCI, n = 2681; HC, n = 2941, respectively) were included in the study. RESULTS It detected MCI related gray matter atrophy in the bilateral medial temporal lobe and white matter abnormality in the left posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, caudate, and bilateral precuneus. It revealed MCI-related decreased resting-state activity in the left superior temporal gyrus, right posterior cingulate/precuneus, and uncus and hyperactivation in the inferior parietal lobule and superior parietal lobule compared to HC. Task-related functional neuroimaging studies indicated MCI-related hypoactivation in the left inferior parietal lobule, right posterior cingulate, and bilateral precuneus and hyperactivation in the left middle frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, insula, superior temporal gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Via this ALE meta-analysis, we obtained these key regions suffering from different kinds of deficits in MCI. These regional abnormalities in MRI studies might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of MCI.
Simultaneous Bayesian inference of phylogeny and molecular coevolution

Significance Phylogenetic methods inferring molecular coevolution have recently gained traction for their capacity to predict protein surface interactions and to clarify their function within metabolic pathways. These methods rely on phylogenies inferred under the assumption that coevolution does not exist (i.e., sites evolve independently). However, violations of this assumption lead to considerable inaccuracies in the inferred phylogeny, which in turn can negatively affect the estimation of coevolution. We tackle this problem by developing a Bayesian method to simultaneously infer phylogenetic relationships and predict coevolution from nucleotide sequences. The main novelty of our method is its ability to account for the interdependencies between molecular coevolution and phylogeny, thus relaxing a long-standing assumption in the study of molecular evolution. Patterns of molecular coevolution can reveal structural and functional constraints within or among organic molecules. These patterns are better understood when considering the underlying evolutionary process, which enables us to disentangle the signal of the dependent evolution of sites (coevolution) from the effects of shared ancestry of genes. Conversely, disregarding the dependent evolution of sites when studying the history of genes negatively impacts the accuracy of the inferred phylogenetic trees. Although molecular coevolution and phylogenetic history are interdependent, analyses of the two processes are conducted separately, a choice dictated by computational convenience, but at the expense of accuracy. We present a Bayesian method and associated software to infer how many and which sites of an alignment evolve according to an independent or a pairwise dependent evolutionary process, and to simultaneously estimate the phylogenetic relationships among sequences. We validate our method on synthetic datasets and challenge our predictions of coevolution on the 16S rRNA molecule by comparing them with its known molecular structure. Finally, we assess the accuracy of phylogenetic trees inferred under the assumption of independence among sites using synthetic datasets, the 16S rRNA molecule and 10 additional alignments of protein-coding genes of eukaryotes. Our results demonstrate that inferring phylogenetic trees while accounting for dependent site evolution significantly impacts the estimates of the phylogeny and the evolutionary process.
Fracture analysis of monolithic CAD-CAM crowns.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the integrity of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate CAD-CAM crowns after being subjected to cyclic loading and then subjected to static loading until fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS Zirconia (Zirkonzahn), lithium disilicate (LDS, Ivoclar Vivadent AG), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic (ZLS) (Vita Suprinity, Vita Zahnfabrik) monolithic crowns were milled (n = 6). The crowns were bonded using composite resin cements and subjected to cyclic loading under wet conditions. Three specimens from each group were loaded for 10 000 cycles, and the other three specimens were loaded for 50 000 cycles with 250 N. Specimens were subjected to loading until fracture. Load-to-fracture values were analyzed with 2-way (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (α = 0.05). Specimens from each group were examined using an SEM. RESULTS Mean load-to-fracture values among materials were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). No significant effect of the number of cycles was found on the load-to-fracture values of crowns (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Load-to-fracture values of zirconia were higher than those of LDS, which were higher than those of ZLS. The number of fatigue loading cycles did not affect the load-to-fracture of the tested crowns for a given material. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE More research needs to be conducted before considering the routine use of ZLS for molars in patients with high risk of parafunctional habits.