Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Grapefruit Juice on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Quinidine in Healthy Volunteers

A study was conducted to examine the effect of grapefruit juice on the disposition of quinidine sulfate and changes of QT intervals after oral administration to twelve healthy male volunteers. Participants received two oral doses of quinidine sulfate tablets (400 mg) with 240 mL of water or grapefruit juice, each separated by a 1‐week washout period. Plasma samples for analysis of quinidine and its major metabolite, 3‐hydroxyquinidine, were collected for a 24‐hour period and analyzed by a high‐performance liquid chromatography method. For pharmacodynamic data, the electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed for 12 hours, and the recordings were marked for ECG interval at all blood collection time periods. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of quinidine when administered with grapefruit juice or water, except for time to maximum concentration (tmax), which was 1.6 hours after administration with water and 3.3 hours after administration with grapefruit juice. Administration with grapefruit juice also resulted in a 33% decrease in the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) of 3‐hydroxyquinidine compared with water, but did not increase the AUC of quinidine or change the ratio of AUC of 3‐hydroxyquinidine to the AUC of quinidine. Pharmacodynamic parameters, including changes in the rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval, closely paralleled the pharmacokinetic data, in that administration with grapefruit juice led to delayed maximal effect on QTc and reduction in maximal effect. Administration with grapefruit juice therefore delays the absorption of quinidine and inhibits the metabolism of quinidine to 3‐hydroxyquinidine.
Reconstructing the Microbial Diversity and Function of Pre-Agricultural Tallgrass Prairie Soils in the United States

Prairie Redux Tallgrass prairie is extinct across much of its former range in the midwestern United States, but relicts preserved in cemeteries and nature reserves allow functional comparison of former grassland soils with modern agricultural soils. Fierer et al. (p. 621; see the Perspective by Scholes and Scholes) took matched soil samples from sites representing the gamut of climate conditions and modeled the combination of genomic analysis and environmental data to resurrect the historical prairie soil communities, identifying the nutrient-scavenging Verrucomicrobia as keystone bacteria in functioning prairie. Analysis of microbiota in prairie soil relicts offers insights into the ecological function of a near-extinct biome. [Also see Perspective by Scholes and Scholes] Native tallgrass prairie once dominated much of the midwestern United States, but this biome and the soil microbial diversity that once sustained this highly productive system have been almost completely eradicated by decades of agricultural practices. We reconstructed the soil microbial diversity that once existed in this biome by analyzing relict prairie soils and found that the biogeographical patterns were largely driven by changes in the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, a poorly studied bacterial phylum that appears to dominate many prairie soils. Shotgun metagenomic data suggested that these spatial patterns were associated with strong shifts in carbon dynamics. We show that metagenomic approaches can be used to reconstruct below-ground biogeochemical and diversity gradients in endangered ecosystems; such information could be used to improve restoration efforts, given that even small changes in below-ground microbial diversity can have important impacts on ecosystem processes.
Inhibition of steroid sulfatase activity by danazol

Abstract. The hydrolysis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) by human liver cells in culture and the hydrolysis of and formation of estradiol‐17β (E2) from estrone sulfate PIS) by human breast tumor preparations in vitro were studies in the presence and absence of danazol. In the latter tissue the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), trilostane, aminoglutethimide (AG) and tamoxifen were tested for comparison. Danazol at concentrations of 1.4 × M strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of DHAS as well as the hydrolysis of and formation of E2 from E1S. With the exception of a slight inhibitory effect of trilostane upon E1S hydrolysis, the other four drugs did not inhibit the metabolism of E1S. Danazol, at concentrations corresponding to those occurring in vivo during therapy, is a potent inhibitor of steroid sulfatase activity. This may be one of the ways in which the drug affects peripheral and target tissue levels of steroid hormones.
Effects of Relational Factors and Channel Climate on EDI Usage in the Customer-Supplier Relationship

Managing electronic trading partner relationships is a key to successful development of an interorganizational systems (IOS) network. Firms often exercise their power and offer reciprocal investments to their trading partners in developing an IOS network. However, limited effort has been made to empirically validate their effects on increasing IOS usage between trading partners. This paper gauges the effects of these two relational factors--power and reciprocal investments--within the context of an electronic data interchange (EDI) network development. Moreover, the role of channel climate in increasing EDI usage is explicated with a particular focus on its determinants and impacts. With insights obtained from social exchange and transaction cost theories, a research model is developed and tested with data collected from 233 suppliers with electronic linkages via EDI with a nationally recognized retailer of home improvement supplies and materials in the United States. The customer's reciprocal investments in the form of EDI-related support are proven to be effective in increasing EDI volume and diversity. However, power exercised is found to be not effective. Suppliers' cooperation with the customer, which is influenced by perceived uncertainty, trust, and transaction-specific investments, is found to have strong effects on EDI volume and diversity. Finally, the reciprocal investments are found to be an even more effective strategy when suppliers desire to keep a more cooperative relationship with the customer.
Wriggraph : A Kinetic Graph Model That Uniformly Describes Ontogeny and Motility of Artificial Creatures

Earlier models of kinetic artificial creatures typically describe ontogenetic mechanisms and motion control mechanisms separately. The latter are often assumed free from morphological constraints, reducing the biological and physical plausibility of these creatures. To go over these limitations, here we propose “Wriggraph”, a kinetic graph model that describes both ontogeny and motility of graph-based artificial creatures in a unified framework. The utility of this model is demonstrated by constructing an artificial creature tetrad, which can spontaneously develop into a stable tertahedral shape, move using differentiated nodes, home toward a predefined goal, and self-repair in events of node removal. All of these capabilities are achieved collectively by functionally identical nodes and their local interaction only.
Laparoscopic O’Conor's repair for vesico‐vaginal and vesico‐uterine fistulae

Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) has been a social and surgical problem for centuries. In the developed world > 90% of cases are caused by inadvertent injury to the bladder during surgery [1]. Obstetric VVF related to prolonged labour remains a major medical problem in many underdeveloped countries with a low standard of obstetric care [2]. In 1852, Sims reported a successful repair of VVF in female slaves [3]; since then, many surgical techniques have been developed to correct this abnormality, including transabdominal, transvaginal and endoscopic approaches [4–9]. The selected route of repair depends mostly on the training and experience of the surgeon. The best approach is probably the one with which the surgeon feels most experienced and comfortable. The main disadvantages of the abdominal approach include the requirement for laparotomy, splitting of the bladder, and its associated morbidity with longer recovery. For women who have a VVF during or after recovery from a gynaecological procedure, the prospect of undergoing further surgery and recovery can also be stressful, especially if laparotomy is required.
Comparing self‐reported optometric dry eye clinical practices in Australia and the United Kingdom: is there scope for practice improvement?

The aim of this study was to compare the self‐reported clinical practice behaviours of optometrists in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) with respect to the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease (DED). We also sought to examine whether the reported practices of clinicians in each region were consistent with current evidence‐based recommendations for DED.
Geriatric trauma

Purpose of reviewThe landscape of trauma is changing due to an aging population. Geriatric patients represent an increasing number and proportion of trauma admissions and deaths. This review explores recent literature on geriatric trauma, including triage criteria, assessment of frailty, fall-related injury, treatment of head injury complicated by coagulopathy, goals of care, and the need for ongoing education of all surgeons in the care of the elderly. Recent findingsEarly identification of high-risk geriatric patients is imperative to initiate early resuscitative efforts. Geriatric patients are typically undertriaged because of their baseline frailty being underappreciated; however, centers that see more geriatric patients do better. Rapid reversal of anticoagulation is important in preventing progression of brain injury. Anticipation of difficult disposition necessitates early involvement of physical therapy for rehabilitation and case management for appropriate placement. SummaryOptimal care of geriatric trauma patients will be based on the well established tenets of trauma resuscitation and injury repair, but with distinct elements that address the physiological and anatomical challenges presented by geriatric patients.
Mental disorder and homicide: a review of epidemiological research

Summary Objective – This paper reviews 28 studies on the epidemiology of homicide committed by mentally disordered people, taken from recent international academic literature. Methods – The studies included were identified as part of a wider systematic review of the epidemiology of offending combined with mental disorder. The main databases searched were Embase, Medline, HealthStar, Psyclit, Mental Health Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Criminology Penology and Police Science Abstracts. A comprehensive search was made for studies published since 1990, supplemented with key studies from the 1980s identified through citation tracing and personal contacts. Results – A summary is given in tabular form of the content and quality of each study. There is then discussion of the studies in eight categories: descriptive studies, studies of trends, comparative studies amongst homicide offenders, amongst prisoners and including general populations, studies of homicide of relatives, follow-up studies, and studies of recidivism. Conclusions – There is an association of homicide with mental disorder, most particularly with certain manifestations of schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder and drug or alcohol abuse. However, the quality of epidemiological research in this area is not adequate to answer key questions, and prediction of potential for homicide remains elusive. Further research is needed. Riassunto Scopo – Questo documento esamina 28 studi sull'epidemiologia di omicidi commessi da persone affette da disturbi mentali, provenienti da recenti documenti accademici internazionali. Metodi – Gli studi interessati sono stati identificati come parte di un esame sistematico di maggiore portata sull'epidemiologia dei reati associati a disturbi mentali. Le principali banche dati utilizzate sono state Embase, Medline, HealthStar, Psyclit, Mental Health Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts e Criminology Penology and Police Science Abstracts. La ricerca esaustiva compiuta per gli studi pubblicati a partire dal 1990 è stata integrata da studi chiave degli anni '80, identificati attraverso citazioni e contatti personali. Risultati – Viene fornita una sintesi in forma tabulare del contenuto e della qualità di ogni studio. Segue una discussione degli studi in otto categorie: studi descrittivi, studi di tendenza, studi comparativi tra assassini, prigionieri e l'intera popolazione, studi suH'omicidio di parenti, studi di follow-up e di recidività. Conclusioni – Esiste una relazione tra l'omicidio e il disturbo mentale, in modo particolare in alcuni casi di schizofrenia, disturbi caratteriali antisociali e abuso di droga o alcol. La qualità della ricerca epidemiologica in quest'area non risulta comunque adeguata a rispondere ad interrogativi fondamentali e rimane difficile prevedere potenzialità omicida. Si rende necessaria ulteriore ricerca.
The Effect of Stereotype Threat on the Interview Performance of Women

When women are in a situation whereby they are at risk of being judged by a negative stereotype, they underperform relative to men. This quandary is called stereotype threat. The present study examined whether stereotype threat affects the performance of men versus women in a simulated job interview. The stereotype that women are not suitable for managerial jobs was unobtrusively embedded in a job description presented to interviewees (n = 50) prior to the interview. The interviews were evaluated by four HR managers, two male and two female. The results showed that stereotype threat disadvantages females vis- -vis those in the control group, and it disadvantaged them relative to men in the stereotype threat condition. This occurred regardless of whether the HR manager was male or female
Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis: Highly variable expression within a family including cleft palate in two neonatal cases

Cranial sclerosis with osteopathia striata was diagnosed in four members of a family in three generations. The expression of the gene varied from mild cranial enlargement to cranial abnormality associated with severe Pierre‐Robin triad. The disorder was diagnosed prenatally in the most severely affected member of the family from the finding of an increased biparietal diameter of the fetal head on ultrasound examination.
The stereoscopic frame of reference in asymmetric convergence of the eyes.

Variation in the orientation and shape of the stereoscopic frame of reference in the horizontal meridian was investigated in response to (a) asymmetric convergence of the eyes and (b) afocal overall and meridional magnifiers. The stimulus patterns were varied from those that offered few clues as to vertical limits to those that contained definite vertically separated contours above and below the fixation target. Readings were taken at three observation distances. The data indicated that the orientation of the individual stereoscopic reference curves approached the objective normal where the stimulus pattern contained distinct vertically separated contours. The results confirmed previous findings that the induced size effect could not alone account for these changes in orientation of the reference curves. Changes in shape of the curves also occurred. The average shape of these curves was characteristic for the individual and it varied with the examination distance in such a way, that, at least qualitativel.
New Technique for Embedding Depth Information in Captured Images Using Light Beam Containing Invisible High-Frequency Patterns—Design and Preparation of New Experimental Setup With Some Comments

This paper proposes the method and system to invisibly embed the depth data of a target object into the image captured with a camera at the same timing as taking its shot. The proposed system consists of a projector to throw the illumination light wherein the invisible periodical pattern has been contained, and a camera to take a shot of target object. The projector and camera were aligned so that these devices could be positioned in different depths along the z-coordinate. This kind of alignment enables us to set the spatial frequency of the invisible periodical pattern superimposed onto the image of target object taken with the camera, changeable depending on the depth of the target object. This kind of spatial frequency determined depending on the depth of the object allow us to estimate the depth of target object taken with the camera, based on the spatial frequency of the periodical pattern being taken with the camera at the same time. Based on the fundamental study described above, since this paper allows us to estimate the spatial frequency of the periodical pattern contained in the image being taken with the camera, we are enabled to simultaneously generate the depth map of the 2D image being captured. A 3D image could thus be constituted with the captured 2D image combined with the depth map generated. The proposed new techniques, employing a traditional -D image format without any modification, are advantageous in easiness of transferring and storing the 3D images over the conventional 3D image generations.
Rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase confer salt tolerance in maize grown on salt-affected fields.

Salt stress is one of the major constraints hampering agricultural production owing to its impact on ethylene production and nutritional imbalance. A check on the accelerated ethylene production in plants could be helpful in minimizing the negative effect of salt stress on plant growth and development. Four Pseudomonas, 1 Flavobacterium, and 1 Enterobacter strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase were selected and their effects on growth and yield of maize were investigated to improve the salt tolerance of maize grown on salt-affected fields. The selected rhizobacterial isolates reduced or eliminated the classical "triple" response, indicating their ability to reduce stress-induced ethylene levels. Results showed that rhizobacterial strains, particularly Pseudomonas and Enterobacter spp. , significantly promoted the growth and yield of maize compared with the non-inoculated control. Pseudomonas fluorescens increased plant height, biomass, cob yield, grain yield, 1000 grain mass, and straw yield of maize up to 29%, 127%, 67%, 60%, 17%, and 166%, respectively, over the control. Under stress conditions, more N, P, and K uptake and high K+-Na+ ratios were recorded in inoculated plants compared with the control. The results imply that inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase could be a useful approach for improving growth and yield of maize under salt-stressed conditions.
Population-level changes in folate intake by age, gender, and race/ethnicity after folic acid fortification.

OBJECTIVES We sought to quantify the impact of the 1998 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) folic acid fortification policy by estimating folate intake at the population level. METHODS We analyzed total folate intake levels (from food and supplements) according to gender, age, and race/ethnicity, using data from 2 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We measured pre- and postfortification folate intake distributions, adjusted for measurement error, and examined proportions of the population who reached certain thresholds of daily total folate intake. RESULTS Mean daily food and total folate intake increased by approximately 100 microg/day after fortification. The proportion of women aged 15-44 years who consume more than 400 microg/day of folate has increased since fortification, but has not yet reached the FDA's 50% target and varies by race/ethnicity from 23% to 33%. Among persons aged 65 years and older who may be at risk for masking a vita-microg/day (the min B12 deficiency, the percentage who consume more than 1000 "tolerable upper intake level") has at least doubled among Whites and Black men, but has remained less than 5% for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Since fortification, folic acid intake among the US population has increased, and there are substantial variations by age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Purification and Characterization of a Magnesium-dependent Neutral Sphingomyelinase from Bovine Brain*

The magnesium-dependent, plasmamembrane-associated neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) catalyzes hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin to form ceramide, a lipid signaling molecule implied in intracellular signaling. We report here the biochemical purification to apparent homogeneity of N-SMase from bovine brain. Proteins from Nonidet P-40 extracts of brain membranes were subjected to four purification steps yielding a N-SMase preparation that exhibited a specific enzymatic activity 23,330-fold increased over the brain homogenate. When analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme presented as two major protein species of 46 and 97 kDa, respectively. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides revealed at least partial identity of these two proteins. Amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides showed no apparent homologies of bovine N-SMase to any known protein. Peptide-specific antibodies recognized a single 97-kDa protein in Western blot analysis of cell lysates. The purified enzyme displayed a K m of 40 μm for sphingomyelin with an optimal activity at pH 7–8. Bovine brain N-SMase was strictly dependent on Mg2+, whereas Zn2+ and Ca2+ proved inhibitory. The highly purified bovine N-SMase was effectively blocked by glutathione and scyphostatin. Scyphostatin proved to be a potent inhibitor of N-SMase with 95% inhibition observed at 20 μmscyphostatin. The results of this study define a N-SMase that fulfills the biochemical and functional criteria characteristic of the tumor necrosis factor-responsive membrane-bound N-SMase.
Improvement of Resistive Switching Characteristics in $\hbox{SrZrO}_{3}$  Thin Films With Embedded Cr Layer

The stabilization of the resistive switching properties is necessary to realize the memory application of the SrZrO3(SZO)-based resistive switching devices. During continuous resistive switching cycle, broad variations of the resistive switching parameters of the SZO-based memory devices can be improved by a thin embedded Cr layer. The Cr metal layer is proposed to diffuse into and dope the SZO thin film to produce the space charge region, further reducing the effective resistive switching region. Hence, the good stabilization of the resistive switching properties can be obtained in the SZO films with embedded Cr layer.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Sitz Bath Vs Lignocaine Ointment Vs Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate in Treatment of Acute Anal Fissure: A Prospective Study

The aetiology of anal fissure is not fully understood—why some heal spontaneously and others become chronic remains a mystery. In this study we compared use of sitz bath to medical therapy in the treatment of acute anal fissure on OPD basis.Seventy five patients with an acute first episode of anal fissure were randomised to receive a three weektreatment of Sitz bath with psyllium husk vs 5% lignocaine ointment vs 2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment. After one, two and three weeks of treatment, symptomatic relief and healing rates were comparable among patients treated with sitz baths with psyllium husk and GTN ointment than those treated with lignocaine ointment. Therefore, a cheap and effective treatment of sitz bath can be used as first line instead of GTN ointment which has potential side effects.