Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF NURSING EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT IN THE FACULTY OF NURSING, ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF GAZA

الملخص : The main objective of Nursing Program at Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) is to prepare a new generation of nurses who are well-prepared theoretically and professionally to meet nursing needs in the Palestinian community. A positive approach to the systematic design of a learning environment can lead to positive outcomes for graduates. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning environment at Faculty of Nursing, IUG, and identify areas for change that may contribute to a more meaningful student learning experience. Method: The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was administered to all male and female second, third and fourth year of bachelor nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing with response rate 96.55% (280/290). Reliability Coefficients of the DREEM subscales were: 0.78, 0.81, 0.77, 0.84, 0.82 respectively, and 0.87 for total DREEM. Results: The total mean score on DREEM inventory was 113.10 out of a maximum of 200 and all subscales of learning environment were positive. Fourteen items with low mean scores (less than two) on the DREEM questionnaire were identified as requiring remediation and a total of 35 items had aspects of the learning environment climate that could be enhanced. The total mean score for subscales: subscale 1 (28.53 out of 48), subscale 2 (25.02 out of 44), subscale 3 (16.22 out of 32), subscale 4 (24.42 out of 48) and subscale 5 (16.09 out of 28). One way ANOVA test shows no significant mean difference due to years of study. Conclusion: A supportive environment is needed and interventions are required to deal with negative elements of the learning environment. Keywords: learning environment, nursing, IUG, DREEM
Metal Injection Moulding: A Near Net Shape Fabrication Method for the Manufacture of Turbine Engine Component

Abstract : Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) is an attractive technology for the net shape fabrication of small complex shape parts made of exotic materials such as stainless steels, nickel alloys, titanium alloys and ceramics. A novel process based on Low Pressure Injection Moulding (LPIM), has been developed in order to render the process more economically feasible for typically smaller batch sizes found in aeronautic applications. In this work, results on the processing and characterization of Inconel 625 LPIM material are presented. In depth microstructural characterization was performed on the starting powder and on thermally debound samples in order to properly understand the debinding process in relation with phases present in the microstructure of debound and sintered parts. Results indicate that a Nb and Mo rich phase found in the starting powder led to the formation of second phase particles such as M23C6, M6C and MC carbides as well as Laves phase in the debound and sintered samples. The sintering process indicated that the dissolution of second phase particles in the microstructure can be achieved and needs to be optimized with secondary heat treatment such as solution annealing.
A Monte Carlo radiative transfer model of satellite waveform LiDAR

We present a method and results for a model of the interaction of waveform Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) with a three-dimensional vegetation canopy. The model is developed from the FLIGHT radiative transfer model based on Monte Carlo simulations of photon transport. Foliage is represented by structural properties of leaf area, leaf-angle distribution, crown dimensions and fractional cover, and the optical properties of leaves, branch, shoot and ground components. The model represents multiple scattering of light within the canopy and with the ground surface, simulates the return signal efficiently at multiple wavebands and includes the effects of topography. LiDAR-emitted pulse and spatial and temporal sampling characteristics of the instrument are explicitly modelled. Agreement is found between the integrated waveform energy and directly derived bidirectional reflectance factors from FLIGHT (root mean square error < 0.01), and between simulated and observed Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveforms for a complex forest site. A sensitivity analysis gives expected effects of canopy parameters on the waveform, and indicates potential for retrieval of the canopy properties of fractional cover and leaf area, in addition to height. Where canopy and ground pulses can be separated, an index derived from the waveform shows theoretical retrieval of vertically projected plant area index with correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.87.
Climatology of stratocumulus cloud morphologies: microphysical properties and radiative effects

Abstract. An artificial neural network cloud classification scheme is combined with A-train observations to characterize the physical properties and radiative effects of marine low clouds based on their morphology and type of mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) on a global scale. The cloud morphological categories are (i) organized closed MCC, (ii) organized open MCC and (iii) cellular but disorganized MCC. Global distributions of the frequency of occurrence of MCC types show clear regional signatures. Organized closed and open MCCs are most frequently found in subtropical regions and in midlatitude storm tracks of both hemispheres. Cellular but disorganized MCC are the predominant type of marine low clouds in regions with warmer sea surface temperature such as in the tropics and trade wind zones. All MCC types exhibit a pronounced seasonal cycle. The physical properties of MCCs such as cloud fraction, radar reflectivity, drizzle rates and cloud top heights as well as the radiative effects of MCCs are found highly variable and a function of the type of MCC. On a global scale, the cloud fraction is largest for closed MCC with mean cloud fractions of about 90%, whereas cloud fractions of open and cellular but disorganized MCC are only about 51% and 40%, respectively. Probability density functions (PDFs) of cloud fractions are heavily skewed and exhibit modest regional variability. PDFs of column maximum radar reflectivities and inferred cloud base drizzle rates indicate fundamental differences in the cloud and precipitation characteristics of different MCC types. Similarly, the radiative effects of MCCs differ substantially from each other in terms of shortwave reflectance and transmissivity. These differences highlight the importance of low-cloud morphologies and their associated cloudiness on the shortwave cloud forcing.
THE AGN, STAR-FORMING, AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LUMINOUS IR-BRIGHT/OPTICALLY-FAINT GALAXIES

We present the active galactic nucleus (AGN), star-forming, and morphological properties of a sample of 13 MIR-luminous (f24 ≳ 700 μJy) IR-bright/optically-faint galaxies (IRBGs, f24/fR ≳ 1000). While these z ∼ 2 sources were drawn from deep Chandra fields with >200 ks X-ray coverage, only seven are formally detected in the X-ray and four lack X-ray emission at even the 2σ level. Spitzer InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) spectra, however, confirm that all of the sources are AGN-dominated in the mid-IR, although half have detectable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission responsible for ∼25% of their mid-infrared flux density. When combined with other samples, this indicates that at least 30%–40% of luminous IRBGs have star formation rates in the ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) range (∼100–2000 M☉ yr−1). X-ray hardness ratios and MIR to X-ray luminosity ratios indicate that all members of the sample contain heavily X-ray obscured AGNs, 80% of which are candidates to be Compton thick. Furthermore, the mean X-ray luminosity of the sample, log L2–10 keV(erg s−1) ∼44.6, indicates that these IRBGs are Type 2 QSOs, at least from the X-ray perspective. While those sources most heavily obscured in the X-ray are also those most likely to display strong silicate absorption in the mid-IR, silicate absorption does not always accompany X-ray obscuration. Finally, ∼70% of the IRBGs are merger candidates, a rate consistent with that of sub-mm galaxies (SMGs), although SMGs appear to be physically larger than IRBGs. These characteristics are consistent with the proposal that these objects represent a later, AGN-dominated, and more relaxed evolutionary stage following soon after the star-formation-dominated one represented by the SMGs.
Peripheral vein locating techniques

This article summarizes available methods for improving venous prominence and reviews the variety of devices for locating peripheral veins. The technologies underlying these devices, both those in use and under development, are described in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of their physical properties, their success rate in difficult cases and their current market price. The selection of the optimal technology for different conditions is also described. All existing technologies improve the success rate of nurses and paramedics in locating veins, save time and money and increase patient and medical staff satisfaction.
Language-particular syntactic rules and constraints: English locative inversion and do-support

Locative inversion in English (under the bridge lived a troll) is ungrammatical in all of the contexts where do-support applies: subject-auxiliary inversion, sentential negation, emphasis or verum focus, VP ellipsis, and VP displacement. Importantly, it is ungrammatical in these contexts whether do-support applies or not: it is ungrammatical with other auxiliaries, and it is also ungrammatical in nonfinite clauses of these types, where do-support never actually applies. This indicates that all of these contexts have something in common, and that cannot be disruption of adjacency between tense/agreement and the verb because there is no such disruption with other auxiliaries or in nonfinite contexts. These facts therefore argue against the standard last-resort theory of do-support, which holds that it is inserted to save a stranded tense/agreement affix, and for a theory like that of Baker 1991. In this theory, VPs have corresponding SPECIAL PURPOSE ([SP]) VPs, and do heads a [SP] VP. All of the contexts for do-support have in common the featural specification [SP]. Locative inversion involves a null expletive subject, the licensing of which is blocked by a non-[SP] context. All of this argues for a view of syntax with language-particular licensing constraints, features, and rules, within a range of variation proscribed by universal grammar.
Comparison of the functional outcome of DHS versus cannulated cancellous screws in pauwels type II and III fracture neck femur in young adults

Fracture neck of femur remains the unsolved fracture even in modern orthopaedics. It is an enigma to orthopaedic surgeons and curse for an individual with complications like avascular necrosis and nonunion. No clear difference exists with regards to the clinical results of patients treated with Cannulated screws or Dynamic hip screw fixation. 43 patients with fracture neck of femur were treated with either multiple cannulated cancellous screws (CCS) or dynamic hip screw (DHS) at Department of Orthopaedics, Hamidia hospital, Bhopal. Patients were called for follow up radiologically and clinical examination post operatively. Functional results were calculated with Modified Merle d’aubigne and postel method. Statistical analysis was done using p value.Fracture type, anatomical reduction and proper implant selection are the most important factor affecting the outcome of management of fracture neck femur. Patients treated with DHS had better Modified Merle d’aubigne score and earlier union. Average blood loss and mean operating time was higher in patients fixed with DHS. Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) is a better implant in management of fracture neck femur in young adults in pauwels type II and III but complication rate does not depend on implant selection.
A Research on the Subject Well-being of Regional College Students

In order to explore the subject well-being of regional college students, we have conducted a survey on college students from 5 regional colleges with Index of Subject Well-Being. It is shown that there are obvious differences lying in regional college students’ subject well-being at the dimensions of source ( urban or rural areas) and gender while there is no obvious difference in major ( arts or science).
Effect of Condensed Tannin of Leucaena and Calliandra Leaves in Protein Trash Fish Silage on In vItro Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestibility

Two plants as condensed tannin (CT) sources were supplemented to protein trash fish silage (TFS) to observe their effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation product, micobial protein synthesis, and digestibility. CT supplementation on protein trash fish silage was on control proportion (0), under optimum level (2.0%), at optimum level (4.0%), and above optimum level (6.0%) of g TFS); of protein precipitation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with CT from L. leucocephala; and under optimum level (1.5%), at optimum level (3.0%) and above optimum level (4.5% of g TFS), BSA protein precipitation with CT from C. calothyrsus. The effect on degradation in ruminal fluid and ruminal fluid followed by incubation in HCl-pepsin was evaluated using a modified two-step in vitro method. The CT level of L. leucocephala and C. calothyrsus was 4% and 6%, respectively with protein precipitation BSA was 26.25 and 31.77 g BSA/g CT, respectively. CT supplementation to trash fish silage, ruminal fermentation product (NH3-N, C2, C3, and total VFAs) and digestibility (DM and OM) decreased (P<0.01) and increased (P<0.01) total CP digestibility (in HCl-pepsin). The difference was attributed to CT source without affecting ruminal microbial protein synthesis. CT of L. leucocephala was better in increasing total protein digestibility (70%) than that of C. calothyrsus (15%). It indicated that CT of C. calothyrsus was less effective in protected TSF protein degradation in rumen compared to that of L. leucocephala.
The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Economic Growth and Development of Cross River State, Nigeria

With decreasing demand for fossil oil globally, international oil prices have fallen continuously, reaching an all time low of below $30 lately. This has several implications on the Nigerian public finance structure at national and sub-national levels. The study investigated the impact of this plunge on the economic development of Cross River State, Nigeria and found that international oil price shocks affected the State’s economy inversely, while a positive but insignificant relationship existed between the other model variables and the economic growth of the State. Consequently, the study recommends that CRS government should de-emphasize the over-reliance on crude oil revenue and seek and optimize earnings from other non-oil sectors of the economy.Further, the State’s economy should be diversified to boost internally generated revenue with less dependence on Federal government revenue allocation. Finally, there should be effective machinery for checks and balances put up by the government to stem fiscal abuse and wastage of resources by the ministries, departments and agencies in the State.
Subgrid stabilization of Galerkin approximations of linear contraction semi-groups of classC0 in Hilbert spaces

This article presents a stabilizedGalerkin technique for approximating linear contraction semi-groups of class C in a Hilbert space. The main result of this article is that this technique yields an optimal approximation estimate in the graph norm. The key idea is two-fold. First, it consists in introducing an approximation space that is broken up into resolved scales and subgrid scales, so that the bilinear form associated with the generator of the semi-group satisfies a uniform inf-sup condition with respect to this decomposition. Second, the Galerkin approximation is slightly modified by introducing an artificial diffusion on the subgrid scales. Numerical tests show that the method applies also to nonlinear semi-groups. c © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 1–25, 2001
Supply Chain Coordination using Different Modes of Transportation Considering Stochastic Price-Dependent Demand and Periodic Review Replenishment Policy

In this paper, an incentive scheme based on crashing lead time is proposed to coordinate a supplier-retailer supply chain (SC). In the investigated SC, the supplier applies a lot-for-lot replenishment policy to replenish its stock and determines the replenishment multiplier. Moreover, the transportation lead time is considered under the control of the supplier. The retailer as downstream member manages his inventory system according to the periodic review replenishment system (R, T). The review period (T) and order-up-to level (R) decisions along with the retail price are simultaneously optimized by the retailer. These decisions are made by the retailer influence the profitability of SC as well as the supplier's profitability. The investigated SC is modeled under three different decision making structures, i.e., (1) decentralized decision making model, (2) centralized decision making model, and (3) coordinated decision making model. By developing a lead time reduction policy as an incentive strategy, the pricing and periodic review replenishment decisions are coordinated. In the proposed incentive approach, the supplier by spending more cost and changing a fast transportation mode aims to crash the lead time in order to entice the retailer to accept the joint decision making strategy. In the suggested incentive scheme, two transportation modes (one slow and one fast) are supposed. Further, maximum and minimum lead time reduction, which are acceptable for both members, are determined. Moreover, a set of numerical examples along with a real case are carried out to demonstrate the performance and applicability of the developed models. The results demonstrate that the proposed incentive strategy is able to achieve channel coordination. Moreover, the results show the applicability of the developed coordination model under the high demand uncertainty. In addition, the proposed coordination model will fairly share the obtained profits between two SC members.
Hierarchical Organization of Personality and Prediction of Behavior

Two studies evaluated personality trait measures and Big Five factor measures for their accuracy in predicting important behavior criteria. The results of both studies showed that the narrower traits and the broader factors, thought to define 2 levels of a hierarchy of personality variables, separately predicted most criterion variables. However, the incremental validity of the personality trait measures (the degree to which the traits increased the criterion prediction achieved by the factors) was generally much larger than the incremental validity of the Big Five factor measures. It was concluded that aggregating personality traits into their underlying personality factors could result in decreased predictive accuracy due to the loss of trait-specifi c but criterion-valid variance.
Daily closing inside spreads and trading volumes around earnings announcements

This paper examines the determinants of inside spreads and their behaviour around corporate earning announcement dates, for a sample of UK firms over the period 1986-94. The paper finds that closing daily inside spreads are affected by order processing costs (proxied by trading volumes), inventory control costs (trading volumes and return variability) and asymmetric information (unusually high trading volumes). Inside spreads start to narrow 15 days before an earnings announcement, and narrow further by the end of the announcement day. We also identify a puzzling phenomenon. There is only a ‘sluggish’ recovery of spreads after the announcement: inside spreads continue to remain at relatively narrow levels, and take up to 90 days to recover to their pre-announcement width.
A benchmark study for glacial isostatic adjustment codes

The study of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) is gaining an increasingly im-portant role within the geophysical community. Understanding the response of the Earth to loading is crucial in various contexts, ranging from the the interpretation of modern satellite geodetic measurements (e. g. GRACE and GOCE) to the projections of future sea level trends in response to climate change. Modern modeling approaches to GIA are based on various techniques that range from purely analytical formulations to fully numerical methods. Despite various teams independently investigating GIA, we do not have a suitably large set of explicitly validated numerical results through which they may be validated; a community benchmark data set would clearly be valuable. Following the example of the mantle convection community, here we present, for the first time, the results of a benchmark study of codes designed to model GIA. The approaches benchmarked are based on significantly different codes and different techniques. This effort is performed within the Working Group 4 (WG4) of the ESF COST Action ES0701 “Improved constraints on models of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment”. Our aims are: i) testing the codes currently in use by the various teams, ii) establish a sufficiently large set of agreed results, iii) correct possible systematic errors embedded in the various physical formulations or computer implementations, and iv) facilitate the dissemination of numerical tools for surface loading studies to the community and to young scientists. The test computations are mainly based on models with spherical symmetry and Maxwell rheology and include inputs from various different methods and solution techniques: viscoelastic normal modes, spectral finite–elements and finite–elements. The tests involve the loading and tidal Love numbers and their relaxation spectra, the deformation and gravity variations driven by surface loads characterized by simple geometry and time–history, and the rotational fluctuations in response to glacial unloading. In spite of the significant differences in the numerical methods employed, the test computations show a satisfactory agreement between the results provided by the participants. Most of the existing misfits have been addressed during the preparation of the manuscript, some others are currently the subject of analysis within the WG4 community.
Investigation of impulse discharges in two-layer wet and dry soil sample

Soil ionization phenomena in dry soils are considered the main cause of the observed nonlinear behaviour under impulse voltages, the very high resistivity of the dry soil falling dramatically at the instant of breakdown. In this study, a two-layer columnar test sample composed of a glass bubble material was used to investigate the associated ionisation and breakdown processes. Three voltage dividers were utilised to measure the applied lightning voltage and intermediate voltages at two probes located at fixed heights in the sample. A current transformer was used to measure the current flowing through the sample. When the voltage is high enough and after a certain delay time, current flow from the active electrode was detected by the current transformer, but the measured applied voltage did not show any indication of breakdown. The current stream in the dry material could be due to the ionisation of the air voids among the dry grains, which could support the ionisation phenomenon in dry soil, and the wet part voltage rose at the instant of current rise, while the voltage across the dry section shows occurrence of a breakdown. An equivalent circuit model of the sample with EMTP software was also proposed to simulate the behaviour of the discharge.