Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic type 80S ribosomes associated with yeast mitochondria. IV. Attachment of ribosomes to the outer membrane of isolated mitochondria

Growing yeast spheroplasts were shown to have, on the average, four times the number of cytoplasmic ribosomes in contact with the outer mitochondrial membrane compared to starved spheroplasts. Ribosomes in contact with mitochondria in the growing spheroplast preparation, like free cytoplasmic ribosomes, exist primarily as polysome structures. In the starved spheroplast preparation, both mitochondria-bound and free cytoplasmic ribosomes exist primarily as monosomes. Mitochondria isolated from growing spheroplasts in a medium containing lmM Mg++ have cytoplasmic ribosomes bound directly to the outer membrane. These ribosomes can be quantitatively removed by washing the mitochondria with 2 mM EDTA. Mitochondria from starved spheroplasts are capable of accepting either free cytoplasmic polysomes or cytoplasmic polysomes extracted from mitochondria. However, the extent of polysome binding to mitochondria was shown to be a direct function of the Mg++ concentration; a smaller percentage of the input polysomes bind as the Mg++ concentration is lowered. At 1 mM Mg++, neither free cytoplasmic nor mitochondria-bound polysomes bind to mitochondria. Nevertheless, when growing spheroplasts are broken and mitochondria isolated in medium containing 1 mM Mg++, the mitochondria are seen to have cytoplasmic ribosomes firmly attached to the outer membrane. This result, in addition to our earlier data (Kellems, R. E., and R. A. Butow. 1974. J. Biol. Chem. 249:3304-3310), support the view that cytoplasmic ribosomes attached to the outer membrane of purified mitochondria were attached in vivo. In preparations of mitochondria isolated from growing spheroplasts, ribosomes appear to be found to specific regions of the outer membrane, namely those regions which are in close association or in contact with the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is particularly evident with mitochondria in a condensed configuration. This finding suggests a mechanism whereby cytoplasmically synthesized mitochondrial protein could be transferred by a process of vectorial translation across both membranes of the organelle.
CO STRUCTURE OF THE 21 μm SOURCE IRAS 22272+5435: A SIGN OF A JET LAUNCH?

We report the results of radio interferometric observations of the 21 μm source IRAS 22272+5435 in the CO J = 2–1 line. 21 μm sources are carbon-rich objects in the post-asymptotic-giant-branch phase of evolution, which show an unidentified emission feature at 21 μm. Since 21 μm sources usually also have circumstellar molecular envelopes, the mapping of CO emission from the envelope will be useful in tracing the nebular structure. From observations made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, we find that a torus and spherical wind model can explain only part of the CO structure. An additional axisymmetric region created by the interaction between an invisible jet and ambient material is suggested.
No 'free ride' for African women: a comparison of head-loading versus back-loading among Xhosa women

Although contrasting evidence exists in the literature as to the economy of head-loading, there is a notion that head-loading is an extremely economical method of load carriage. This has become known as the ‘free ride’ hypothesis and, although untested, it is widely accepted. The purpose of this study was to test the ‘free ride’ hypothesis for head-load carriage among African women by comparing the relative economy of head-loading and back-loading. Twenty-four Xhosa women walked on a level treadmill, attempting to carry loads of between 10% and 70% of their body mass (BM) using both a backpack and a head basket. All 24 women carried at least 25% of their BM in both conditions. The relative economy of load carriage was calculated for loads of 10% to 25% of BM. Results indicated that the ‘free ride’ was not a generalisable phenomenon, with both methods realising economy scores close to unity (1.04 ± 0.19 and 0.97 ± 0.15 for head-loading and back-loading, respectively). The results did, however, reveal significant individual differences in economy scores and it is suggested that analysis of such individual differences in future may well be instructive in understanding mechanisms associated with greater economy in load carriage.
Simulação do deflúvio e vazão de pico em microbacia hidrográfica com escoamento efêmero

The prediction of hydrological responses in a microbasin from different soil uses is of fundamental importance to develop actions to minimize environmental impacts. This work aimed to develop and to apply hydrological modeling for predicting surface runoff and peak discharge in experimental tropical ephemeral watershed occupied by eucalyptus and grasses, creating different soil use scenarios. Hydrological monitoring was performed between November/2002 and April/2003, using, respectively, gauge and climatologically stations. Soil moisture was monitored every 2 days, at 3 depths (20, 50 and 80 cm), at 8 distributed spatial points in the grass area and 4 points in the eucalyptus area. The modeling has presented a high precision, thereby showing to be very effective for application for the proposed goals. In scenarios which eucalyptus area is larger than the grass area there will be surface runoff reduction of up to 29%, when the microbasin would be occupied by 80% of this vegetable cover. Also, a substantial reduction in peak discharge was verified. The modeling showed itself to be precise and effective in relation to the proposed prediction objectives in different scenarios of soil use and ocupation. It was verified that, if the microbasin was occupied by 80% eucalyptus, there would be a reduction in surface runoff of 29%, and furthermore, a substantial reduction in peak discharge. Also verified was that soil water is fundamental in the process, especially for small flows, at the beginning and end of the rainy period and after short dry seasons and that, for higher flows the rainfall characteristics are determinant.
A theory of Pavlovian conditioning : Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement

In several recent papers (Rescorla, 1969; Wagner, 1969a, 1969b) we have entertained similar theories of Pavlovian conditioning. The separate statements have in [act differed more in the language of their expression than in their substance. The major intent of the present paper is to explicate a more precise version of the form of theory involved, and to indicate how it may be usefully applied to a variety of phenomena in· volving asso('iative learning. The impetus for a new theoretical model is not generally a new datum which dearly disconfirms existing theory. It is more likely to be the accumulation of a salient pattern of data, separate portions of which may be ade(luately handled by separate existing theories, but which apo pears to invite a more integrated theoretical account. Such, at least, is the better description of the background of the present work. In the sections which follow we will first describe certain data from our laboratories which exemplify the kind of observations which have encouraged the present theorizing. The theory will then be presented in sufficient detail to show how it may be applied to experimental situations involving a variety of Pavlovian conditioning arrangements. Finally, we will briefly discuss the theory in relationship to more conventional approaches.
Insured Loss Inflation: How Natural Catastrophes Affect Reconstruction Costs

In the aftermath of a natural catastrophe, there is increased demand for skilled reconstruction labor, which leads to significant increases in reconstruction labor wages and hence insured losses. Such inflation effects are known as 'Demand Surge' effects. It is important for insurance companies to properly account for these effects when calculating insurance premiums and determining economic capital. We propose an approach to quantifying the Demand Surge effect and present an econometric model for the effect that is based on 191 catastrophe events in the United States. Our model explains more than 75% of the variance of the Demand Surge effect and is thus able to identify the key drivers of the phenomenon.
Diel fluctuations in rates of CO2 evolution from standing dead leaf litter of the emergent macrophyte Juncus effusus

Standing dead plant litter of emergent macrophytes often forms a considerable portion of the detrital mass in wetland habitats. We examined the effects of varying environmental conditions on the die1 respiratory activity (rate of CO2 evolution) of microbial assemblages associated with standing dead litter of the emergent macrophyte Juncus effusus L. from a small freshwater wetland in central Alabama, USA. Availability of water was a major factor affecting rates of respiration in standing litter. Under field conditions, rates of CO2 evolution from plant litter fluctuated greatly, with the highest rates occurring at night and in the early morning hours, coinciding with increasing relative humidity (>go%) and plant litter water potentials (>-1.0 MPa). Rates ranged from 2 to 285 pg CO2-C g-' organic mass h-' over 24 h. Daily CO, flux from microbial decomposers inhabiting standing litter ranged between 1.37 and 3.35 g C m-2 d-l. After controlled laboratory additions of water, rates of CO, evolution from standing litter increased significantly, with sustained maximal rates occurring within 5 min after being wetted (>l00 1-19 CO2-C g-l organic mass h-'). Results of these investigations establish that J. effusus litter is colonized by active microbial decomposers while in the standing dead phase. Furthermore, these microbial assemblages make significant contributions to ecosystem metabolism and may represent an important CO2 output not previously recognized or incorporated in estimates of CO2 flux from wetland habitats.
1 On the effects of large-scale environment and surface types on convective 1 cloud characteristics over Darwin , Australia 2 3

On the effects of large-scale environment and surface types on convective 1 cloud characteristics over Darwin, Australia 2 3 Vickal V. Kumar, Alain Protat, Peter T. May, Christian Jakob, Guillaume 4 Penide, Sushil Kumar, Laura Davies 5 6 School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Australia. 7 Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research: A partnership between 8 the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. 9 Université Sciences et Technologie de Lille, UFR de Physique Bâtiment P5 10 Laboratoire d'optique atmosphérique. 11 School of Engineering and Physics, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji 12 Islands. 13
The incidence of microalbuminuria and its associated risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients in isfahan, iran.

AIM The study was carried out to determine the five-year incidence of microalbuminuria and to assess its associated risk factors for type 2 diabetic patients in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS 505 type 2 diabetic patients (22% male, 78% female) with normal urinary albumin levels, being treated at Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, were consecutively selected. After the initial selection in 1999, the patients were followed for five years. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of age and duration of diabetes was 57.4 (9.5) and 10.2 (4.7) years, respectively. BMI, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids and serum creatinine were measured and re-examined every three months. 24-h urinary albumin excretion was measured and reviewed annually. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed when at least two measurements indicated the excretion of more than 30 mg albumin in 24-h urinary samples. RESULTS During 5-year follow up, 176 patients developed microalbuminuria, giving an incidence rate of 82.3/1000 person/year (95% CI: 78.3-86.2). Males had a higher incidence than females (104.4 vs. 66.2/1000 person/year, p < 0.001). Duration of diabetes, abnormal levels of HbA1c, hypertension and high serum creatinine were significantly associated with microalbuminuria. There was no difference in mean of age, BMI, and lipid levels between patients with and without microalbuminuria. Multivariate analysis was used to show that duration of diabetes, HbA1c, hypertension and retinopathy were the independent variables related to microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of microalbuminuria in the study population was higher than in other populations. The higher incidence and the considerable gender difference in this population may be attributed to inferior glycemic control and lack in screening for risk factors, but this needs to be explored in further studies.
Harcèlement moral au travail, survictimation et problèmes du harceleur : quand les victimes sont jugées aussi responsables que leurs harceleurs

Trente-deux scenarios relatifs au harcelement professionnel variant en fonction des explications causales et de la survictimation du harcele, des problemes psychologiques du harceleur et de la situation economique de l’entreprise ont ete soumis a soixante-quatre sujets qui jugeaient l’equite de la situation, la responsabilite du harcele et du harceleur et la probabilite de venir en aide. Les resultats indiquent que le harcelement est juge d’autant moins equitable mais le harcele, d’autant plus responsable, qu’il evoque une cause interne. La survictimation augmente la responsabilite de la victime et diminue l’intention d’aide. L’aide augmente lorsque l’entreprise est en essor et les problemes psychologiques du harceleur. Le harceleur est juge moins responsable lorsque l’entreprise est en difficulte.
Running head : Uncertainty in nutrient utilization models 1 The consequences of introducing stochasticity in nutrient utilization models : the 2 case of P utilization by pigs

Simulation models of nutrient utilization ignore that variation in pig 19 system components can influence the predicted mean and variance of the performance 20 of a group of pigs. The objective was to develop a methodology to investigate how 21 variation: (a) in feed composition would affect the outputs of a nutrient utilization 22 model, and (b) would interact with variation that arises from the traits of individual 23 pigs. We used a P intake and utilization model to address these. Introduction of 24 stochasticity gave rise to a number of methodological challenges, e.g. how to generate 25 variation in both feed composition and pigs, and account for correlation between 26 ingredients when modelling variation associated with feed mixing efficiency. 27 Introducing variation in feed composition and genotype resulted in moderate 28 decreases in mean digested, retained and excreted P predicted for a population of pigs 29 and an increase in their associated CVs. A lower % of pigs in the population were 30 predicted to meet their requirements during the feeding period considered, by 31 comparison with the no variation (deterministic) scenario. Variation in feed ingredient 32 composition contributed more to performance variation than variation due to mixing 33 efficiency. When variation in both feed composition and pig traits were considered, it 34 was the former rather than the latter that had the dominant influence on variability in 35 pig performance. The developed framework emphasizes the consequences of 36 stochasticity on the predictions of nutrient utilization models. Such consequences will 37 have a significant impact on decisions about management strategies, such as feeding 38 that are subject to variation. 39
Designer Yeasts for the Fermentation Industry of the 21st Century

Summary The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has enjoyed a long and distinguished history in the fermention industry. Owing to its efficiency in producing alcohol, S. cerevisiae is, without doubt, the most important commercial microorganism with GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) status. By brewing beer and sparkling wine, mankind’s oldest domesticated organism made possible the world’s first biotechnological processes. With the emergence of modern molecular genetics, S. cerevisiae has again been harnessed to shift the frontiers of mankind’s newest revolution, genetic engineering. S. cerevisiae is at the forefront of many of these developments in modern biotechnology. Consequently, the industrial importance of S. cerevisiae has extended beyond traditional fermentation. Today, the products of yeast biotechnologies impinge on many commercially important sectors, including food, beverages, biofuels, chemicals, industrial enzymes, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and the environment. Nevertheless, since ethyl alcohol produced by yeast fermentation is likely to remain the foremost worldwide biotechnological commodity for the foreseeable future, this review focuses on advances made with respect to the development of tailor-made yeast strains for the fermented beverage and biofuel industries.
Chemical composition and cytotoxic effect of Largerstroemia speciosa fruits essential oils

The fruits of Largerstroemia speciosa were collected, dried and grounded. Essential oils of powdered samples were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oils contained mostly hydrocarbons: Methyl cyclohexane (60.9%), methyl benzene (18.2%), o-xylene (3.04%) representing 82.14% of the total essential oil. The cytotoxicity result of LC50 value (ig/ml) of 1.701 obtained through the brine shrimp toxicity assay indicated that the oil is toxic.
Ocular Parasitic Infections – An Overview

Eyes are said to be the windows of body, by which this beautiful world is visualized. Hu‐ man eye has a unique structure and is vulnerable to numerous infections. Whenever ana‐ tomical structures are breached, host defenses come into play, but if infection is severe and not treated timely, it could lead to visual impairment or blindness. Parasitic infec‐ tions are considered, the significant causes of ophthalmic diseases worldwide. In this chapter, an overview of ocular parasitic infections (OPI) is detailed out, with an initial brief introduction followed by description of anatomy of the human eye and various de‐ fense mechanisms to provide better understanding of the parasitic infections affecting different parts of human eye. The last part includes individual details of various human ocular parasitic infections. Ocular infections can be classified based on either the etiological agent or according to the anatomical site of infection. The parasitic etiological agents include mainly protozoa, hel‐ minths and ectoparasites. Due to the complex life cycles of parasites and their tendency to cause wide range of pathologic lesions, different parasites/parasitic infections have been addressed separately, including brief epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.
A polarimetric view of the open cluster Lyngå 6 and the Cepheid TW Normæ

We present UBVRI polarimetric observations of stars belonging to the small open cluster Lynga6 and of TW Nor, a Cepheid which can be seen near the center of the grouping. The wavelength of maximum polarization is computed and then analyzed in the context of its relation to the optical properties and characteristic particle size distribution of the grains responsible for the polarization. The amount and direction of linear polarization is also computed. Results indicate a mean polarization efficiency close to the value found for the interstellar medium. Two out of seven members of Lynga6 present indications of intrinsic polarization in their measures. We conclude that part of the polarization detected in the light from members of the cluster comes from a dust cloud located in the Local arm, at a distance of about 1 kpc. In general, polarization measurements do not support the membership of TW Nor to Lynga6.
Metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft: prevalence and a marker of morbidity/mortality during hospitalization and 30 days after hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVES To compare the morbidity and mortality of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) (according to the First Brazilian Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of MS) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) during hospitalization and after 30 days. METHODS A total of 107 patients who underwent CABG with no associated procedures were assessed between August and October 2005; 74 (69.2%) of them had MS. Criteria of in-hospital outcome were: acute atrial fibrillation (AF), prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV), need for transfusion of blood products, number of hours spent in the ICU, length of hospital stay (days), respiratory and surgical wound infection, and death. For 30 days, the combination of events such as the need for readmission to hospital, surgical wound infection and death was assessed. RESULTS The mean age was 60.6 +/- 9.7 years, and the group with MS presented a higher body mass index and body surface, and a higher prevalence of diabetes. No statistically significant difference was observed in the occurrence of in-hospital events such as AF (15.2% vs. 16.2%), MV (3.0% vs. 2.7%), number of units of blood products used (3.2 +/- 2.7 vs. 2.6 +/- 2.9), length of ICU stay (53.7 +/- 27.3 vs. 58.9 +/- 56.5), length of hospital stay (9.2 +/- 8.7 x 8.5 +/- 8.5), respiratory infection (6.1% vs. 2.7%), surgical wound infection (3.0% vs. 5.4%), and mortality rate (3.0% vs. 0.0%). The occurrence of combined events in 30 days was similar in both groups (12.2% vs. 20.3%, p = NS). CONCLUSION Patients with MS did not have increased morbidity and mortality when undergoing CABG, however they had a higher trend of occurrence of surgical wound infection.
Doppler studies in fetal hypoxemic hypoxia Based on Doppler in Obstetrics

Oxygenation is the process of transporting molecular oxygen from air to the tissues of the body. In the fetus, this involves, first, oxygen transfer across the placenta, second, reversible binding of oxygen to fetal hemoglobin and fetal blood flow, and, third, oxygen consumption for growth and metabolism. Energy is derived from the combination of oxygen and glucose to form carbon dioxide and water. Removal of carbon dioxide and protection against acidosis is by the reverse of the mechanisms for oxygen delivery and is helped by the rapid diffusion, high solubility and volatility of this gas. In the adult, carbon dioxide is excreted in the lungs while bicarbonate and hydrogen ions are removed by the kidney. In the fetus, both these functions are carried out by the placenta.