Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral and temporal analysis of the joint Swift/BAT–Fermi/GBM GRB sample

Using the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) simultaneously detected by Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), we performed a joint spectral and temporal analysis of the prompt emission data and confirmed the rough correlation between the BAT-band photon index ΓBAT and the peak spectral energy Epeak. With the redshift-known subsample, we derived the isotropic gamma-ray energy Eγ, iso and also confirmed the Eγ,iso − Epeak,rest relation, with a larger scatter than the Amati sample but consistent with GBM team analyses. We also compare the T90 values derived in the GBM band with those derived in the BAT band and find that for long GRBs the BAT T90 is usually longer than the GBM T90, while for short GRBs the trend reverses. This is consistent with the soft/hard nature of long/short GRBs and suggests the importance of an energy-dependent temporal analysis of GRBs.
The role of leadership styles on staff's job satisfaction in public organizations

Satisfaction is a most important factor among staff at public educational organizations. Job satisfaction is located as an inner principle feeling that is created by various elements at work environment. Due to the role of various items on job satisfaction, educational organizations should be conscious of right leadership styles. Because lack of attention to this organizational behavior lead to multiple abnormal reactions between staff. This paper presents a literature review to identify the essential role of leadership styles on job satisfaction among staff at public educational organizations. Substantial attention should be dedicated to the precise leadership style at an organization. In the same way, specific leadership styles as external factors have an important role on job satisfaction at public educational organization because these styles can improve the commitment of staff toward organizations. This initiative is about enhancing satisfaction among staff and finding an effective style which is one of the main parts of educational organization improvement.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND NUTRIENT RESERVES UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE SYSTEMS 1

This study evaluated the contribution of agroforestry (AFS) and traditional systems to carbon sequestration and nutrient reserves in plants, litter and soil. The study was carried out in the semiarid region of Brazil in a long-term experiment on an experimental farm of the goat and sheep section of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Two agroforestry systems were investigated: agrosilvopastoral (ASP) and forest-pasture areas (SP) as well as traditional agriculture management (TM), two areas left fallow after TM (six fallow years - F6 and nine fallow years - F9) and one area of preserved Caatinga vegetation (CAT). Soil, litter and plants were sampled from all areas and the contents of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg per compartment determined. The AFS (ASP and SP) had higher nutrient stocks than the traditional and intermediate stocks compared to the preserved Caatinga. In the ASP, a relevant part of the nutrients extracted by crops is returned to the system by constant inputs of litter, weeding of herbaceous vegetation and cutting of the legume crops. After fallow periods of six and nine years, carbon and nutrient stocks in the compartments soil, litter and herbaceous plants were similar to those of the preserved Caatinga (CAT), but still lower than under natural conditions in the woody vegetation.
McKenzie, Karen and MacLean, Michelle and Timoshkin, Igor and MacGregor, Scott and Anderson, John (2014) Enhanced inactivation of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes by exposure to 405 nm

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Climate change and the geographical and institutional drivers of economic development

The links between climate change, economic development and poverty reduction have gained increasing attention over recent years in both the academic and policy literature. In this paper we review potential effects of climate change on the prospects for long-run economic development. These effects might operate directly, via the role of geography (including climate) as a fundamental determinant of relative prosperity, or indirectly by modifying the environmental context in which political and economic institutions evolve. In this regard, we consider potential mechanisms from climate change to long-run economic development that have been relatively neglected to date, including, for instance, effects on the distribution of income and power. We focus in particular on the effects in low-income, semi-arid countries, as they are anticipated to suffer disproportionately the most negative effects of climate change. They also tend to have relatively weak economic and political institutions, constraining their ability to cope with climate variability and shocks. Our review suggests that there are a potentially important set of dynamic interactions and feedback loops between institutions, climate (impacts and vulnerability) and development, which to date have been understudied. Understanding both the direct as well as the indirect effects of climate change is not only fundamental for the design of mitigation and adaptation strategies; whether by addressing the direct impacts of geographical factors, or by addressing their indirect effects on the socio-political environment, mitigation and adaptation strategies are also fundamental as key elements of broader development strategies. Moreover, as climate shocks disproportionally affect the poor, addressing climate-related risks is also a sound strategy in terms of addressing inequality and poverty reduction.
Immigration and emigration in the Sinai Baton Blue butterfly: estimates from a single patch

The movement of individuals among patches of suitable habitat is a key process in metapopulation biology, but is very difficult to observe under natural conditions. Thus, many estimates of rates of movement are indirect and incomplete, and there is little empirical knowledge of the factors affecting immigration and emigration. I studied intensively a local population of Sinai Baton Blue butterflies in a discrete habitat patch. The study lasted the entire adult flight period, and involved almost every individual in the local population. Using these data I attempted to estimate the number of immigrants and emigrants, and identified an important factor affecting inter-patch movement. Early in the season, individuals were resident in the study patch for only a very short time; I assumed this was because they were emigrating, and thus estimated that at least 14% of the population emerging in the study patch emigrated. I assumed that butterflies not caught until they were relatively old, had immigrated to the patch (rather than being missed at a young age), and thus estimated that 13% of the population caught in the patch was composed of immigrants, most of which were females. Individuals assumed to be immigrants arrived in the patch throughout the adult flight period, but older individuals generally arrived later in the season. Timing of migration was almost certainly linked to phenology of the butterfly’s only hostplant, Sinai Thyme. Most butterflies remained in their natal patch. The degree of inter-patch movement estimated using this method was consistent with other metapopulation studies, and would suffice for this species to exist as a metapopulation.
eTourism for Socio-Economic Development

Tourism has often been described as an economic driving force that contributes to rural and emerging economies development. However, when it comes to the social aspect of development the nature of this contribution is still debated by academics. Information and Communication Technologies can help enhancing the socio-economic contribution of tourism by fostering community-based tourism independent marketing and sales dis-intermediation. eT4D can be defined as the independent use of technologies by micro and small community based tourism firms to market and sell their products and services thus fostering local socio-economic development.
Changing Ecology of Tropical Forests: Evidence and Drivers

Global environmental changes may be altering the ecology of tropical forests. Long-term monitoring plots have provided much of the evidence for largescale, directional changes in tropical forests, but the results have been controversial. Here we review evidence from six complementary approaches to understanding possible changes: plant physiology experiments, long-term monitoring plots, ecosystem flux techniques, atmospheric measurements, Earth observations, and global-scale vegetation models. Evidence from four of these approaches suggests that large-scale, directional changes are occurring in the ecology of tropical forests, with the other two approaches providing inconclusive results. Collectively, the evidence indicates that both gross and net primary productivity has likely increased over recent decades, as have tree growth, recruitment, and mortality rates, and forest biomass. These results suggest a profound reorganization of tropical forest ecosystems. We evaluate the most likely drivers of the suite of changes, and suggest increasing resource availability, potentially from rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, is the most likely cause.
THE DUTCH LOCAL GOVERNMENT BAILOUT PUZZLE

The fiscal federalism and public choice literatures stress that government bailouts should be ruled out as they increase the probability that jurisdictions will incur unsustainable debt levels or take excessive risk (moral hazard problem). The recent problems in the euro area seem to confirm this view. However, in the Netherlands, the law explicitly stipulates that local governments which are unable to balance their books will receive a bailout grant. Surprisingly, this does not seem to create problems. Few local governments apply for bailout, and the amounts they receive are modest. We analyse the Dutch case and investigate possible explanations for this apparent anomaly. Our results challenge the dominant view in the literature. It is possible to avoid fiscal irresponsibility by means other than a no-bailout policy.
A New and Original Method to Produce Ca(OH)2 Nanoparticles by Using an Anion Exchange Resin

Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles in hydro-alcoholic dispersion (nanolime) were successfully employed in Cultural Heritage conservation, thanks to the ability to overcome the limiting aspects of traditional lime treatments. Nanolime were currently produced by chemical precipitation process, at high temperature, with long times of synthesis, and after several purification steps to remove undesired secondary phases. In this paper, an innovative, simple and original method for nanolime production was described. The method was based on an ion exchange process between an anionic resin and a calcium chloride aqueous solution, operating at room temperature. A pure Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles suspension can be rapidly obtained after separating the resin from suspension, and any purification step was necessary. The exhausted resins can be regenerated and reused for a cyclic nanolime production. Structural and morphological features of the produced nanolime were preliminarily characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, XRD measurements allowed estimating nanoparticles reactivity by following their carbonatation process in air, in relation to different water/alcohol ratios and medium or high relative humidity conditions. The produced Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles appeared hexagonally plated, with dimension less than 100 nm and, compared with those obtained by typical wet precipitation method, they proved to be more reactive.
Towards smart concrete for smart cities: Recent results and future application of strain-sensing nanocomposites

The use of smart technologies combined with city planning have given rise to smart cities, which empower modern urban systems with the efficient tools to cope with growing needs from increasing population sizes. For example, smart sensors are commonly used to improve city operations and management by tracking traffic, monitoring crowds at events, and performance of utility systems and public transportation. Recent advances in nanotechnologies have enabled a new family of sensors, termed self-sensing materials, which would provide smart cities with means to also monitor structural health of civil infrastructures. This includes smart concrete, which has the potential to provide any concrete structure with self-sensing capabilities. Such functional property is obtained by correlating the variation of internal strain with the variation of appropriate material properties, such as electrical resistance. Unlike conventional off-the-shelf structural health monitoring sensors, these innovative transducers combine enhanced durability and distributed measurements, thus providing greater scalability in terms of sensing size and cost. This paper presents recent advances on sensors fabricated using a cementitious matrix with nanoinclusions of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). The fabrication procedures providing homogeneous piezoresistive properties are presented, and the electromechanical behavior of the sensors is investigated under static and dynamic loads. Results show that the proposed sensors compare well against existing technologies of stress/strain monitoring, like strain gauges and accelerometers. Example of possible field applications for the developed nanocomposite cement-based sensors include traffic monitoring, parking management and condition assessment of masonry and concrete structures.
Partitioning Behavior of Papain in Ionic Liquids-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

This paper attempts to study and optimize the affinity partitioning conditions of papain in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The effect of the amount of ionic liquids (ILs), the concentration of K2HPO4, temperature, pH, and the volume of papain solution were discussed concretely. The optimum conditions were determined as ionic liquid was 1.4 g and K2HPO4 was 1.4 g, the extraction efficiency of papain could reach 98.33% with pH unadjusted. The temperature and the pH of the solution are major parameters that influence the partitioning of protein in ILs-based ATPSs. The partition of papain to the IL-rich phase was enhanced by increasing the amount of ILs, the concentration of K2HPO4, and temperature, especially at its isoelectric point.
A correlational study of cough sensitivity to citric acid and radiographic

Patients with an impaired reflexive cough response are at increased risk of pneumonia. This study examined the correlation between cough sensitivity to citric acid and radiographic features of airway compromise. Eighty patients referred for a radiographic assessment of swallowing at an acute hospital over an 8-month period participated in the study. Nebulised citric acid diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride was inhaled through a facemask at four concentrations to assess cough sensitivity. These data were then compared to Penetration Aspiration Scale scores based on radiographic swallowing studies. There was a statistically significant correlation between cough response/lack of response and the radiographic features of airway compromise; that is, patients who had a weak or absent response to inhalation of citric acid were also likely to aspirate silently during radiographic assessment. Sensitivity for identifying absent cough was found to be high at all 4 concentrations (0.750, 0.833, 0.941, 1.000), however specificity was consistently quite low (0.344, 0.456, 0.238, 0.078). The significant findings of this research suggest that clinicians adopting cough reflex testing into their clinical practice will have a reliable screen for silent aspiration at bedside. Clinicians will be able to identify patients who require instrumental assessment and are at high risk of pneumonia. This will likely, in turn, decrease length and cost of hospital admissions as well as decrease aspiration pneumonia related morbidities. A correlational study of cough sensitivity to citric acid and radiographic features of airway compromise 3
English Grammar on 2013 Curriculum: The Development of Game Based Learning Multimedia

This Research is aimed to find out the effectiveness of game based learning multimedia in order to gain student learning outcomes on English subject with the topic of grammar in the classroom. The research development of multimedia game based learning using the procedure of Raiser and Demsey consisting of 5 stages namely: 1) Analysis which covers needs and theoretical analysis, 2) Design which includes Core and basic competence’s identification, material’s selection and submission, flowchart and story board arrangement, 3) Develop that contains production, media and material’s experts validation and students’ responses and product’s trial after the revision done. 4) Implement that covers the final product’s application towards the experiment class, 5) Evaluate becoming the last stage of all by having a test for both classes which are control and experiment class to see whether is there any differences between the class applying the multimedia game based learning and not. The trial of product development tested had passed several processes covering; the review from media’s expert which includes software changes and visual communication, the review from content’s expert covers material and instructional design, students’ responses towards products’ usage and attractiveness, small group and big group test trial. The result showed that the students at the control class taught by conventional way as in speech has less motivation and lower score compared with the experiment class applying interactive multimedia game based learning. There is an interaction between learning media and learning motivation those effects on students’ learning achievement especially in English grammar. Thus, it can be said that the result of the development of multimedia game based learning is effective to improve students learning outcomes.
Antifungal bionanocomposites based on poly ( lactic acid ) and silver nanoparticles for potential medical devices

Novel biocompatible and antimicrobial composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), hydrolyzed collagen (HC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by melt processing. Tributyl o-acetyl citrate (ATBC) was used as plasticizer, for improving the processability of PLA. The influence of HC and AgNPs on the PLA bionanocomposites was investigated in terms of biocompatibility, antifungal activity and water contact angle measurements. Surface morphology by SEM and the identification of AgNPs by UV-Vis were also presented. The investigated bionanocomposites exhibited the characteristic plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles. All composites showed a high degree of biocompatibility. Sample containing HC 5 wt. % and AgNPs showed a significant antifungal property, inhibiting fungal adhesion and mature biofilm development. The increased hydrophilicity determined by contact angle analysis for the PLA/HC10/AgNPs composite did no contributed significantly to improving of antiadherence effect. 10 wt. % HC promoted fungal colonization and mature biofilm development.
Optimal Design of Container Terminal Layout

Due to rapid growth in foreign trade using sea vessels, there is a growing focus in improving the infrastructure and operational efficiencies at the container terminals. Particularly, the operational responsiveness of loading and unloading of containers, affects the vessel idle times and profitability of the shipping liners. In this research, we determine optimal stack layout design, which minimizes the container unload times using Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). To analyze alternate stack layout designs, we develop integrated queuing network models that capture the stochastic interactions among the container terminal processes (quayside, vehicle transport, and stackside), and provides realistic estimates of expected container unload throughput times. 1 Background and Motivation Due to growth in international trade and better accessibility to the major seaports via deep-sea vessels, containerization has become the preferred mode for maritime shipping and inland transportation. Between 1990 and 2008, container traffic has grown from 28.7 million TEU to 152.0 million TEU, an increase of about 430% ([3]). Currently, several new deep-sea as well as inland container terminals are being designed across continents. Several of the larger ones will be automated. The design of the container terminal includes strategic design choices such as the terminal layout at the stackside, choice of equipment for handling containers at the seaside and landside, and type of vehicles for container transport between seaside and the landside. However, the process to arrive at an optimal design is extremely
ARABIC ACQUISITION THROUGH FACEBOOK GROUP LEARNING

Facebook is a social media that is very popular with students in Indonesia. Thus, this study attempted to examine the increased of students’ Arabic acquisition through Facebook group learning. This research was quantitative research using quasi-experimental design. The sample of this study consists of two classes from the students of the Arabic language education department at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim. The instrument of this research was writing test. The results of this study indicated an increase of students’ Arabic acquisition so the researchers concluded that Facebook groups can improve the students’ ability to write in Arabic.
Utilization of Nest Boxes by the Southern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys volans, in Central Arkansas

Thirty-five nest boxes were placed 4.5-5.5 meters above the ground in an eight acre mixed pine-hardwood plot 20 km SE of Bryant, Saline County, Arkansas. These boxes were moni- tored from February, 1972, to May, 1975. Flying squirrels used the boxes between October and May, probably returning to den trees during the hotter period of the year. A total of 30 squirrels (18 males and 12 females) were marked by ear notching during the three year period. The winter population of the study area was estimated to be between 10 and 15 squirrels. It was not uncommon to find eight or more squirrels in one nest. There were five litters born in nest boxes during the study, with an average of two young/litter. Examina- tion of other females during January and February, together with these litters, indicated that all spring litters were born during March. Boxes served either as nesting areas or feeding stations. Nests were composed of shredded bark with a moss base and often filled a box to a depth of 8or more centimeters. Acorns were the major fooditem, with sweet-gum balls, immature pine cones, and insects also being utilized. Between April and October, the boxes were utilized most extensively by gray tree frogs, red wasps, dirt-dauber wasps, woodroaches, wrens, and black rat snakes.