Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of am (arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi in fruit crops production: A review

The exploitation of symbiotic feature of AM fungi is one of the efficient approaches to improve crop tolerance to unfavored environment. Generally, vascular plants have been considered as autonomous organisms especially when their performance has been interpreted at the genomic and cellular level. But in reality, vascular plants provide a unique ecological niche for diverse communities of cryptic symbiotic microbes which often contribute multiple benefits, such as enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water use and tolerance to stress. In fact, AM fungi are probably the most ubiquitous soil microbe that can colonize 80% of terrestrial plant species consisted of many fruit crops. Many beneficial effects from mycorrhizal colonization including increased seedling survival, enhanced growth, fruit yield and quality, uniformity of fruit crops, and earlier and increased flowering as well as induced resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.
Family Ownership and Dividend Policy: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between family ownership and dividend in Malaysian publicly listed firms. Malaysia served as a distinctive country to conduct this research as the corporate structure is largely characterised as family owned and the corporate firms are highly involved in high and stable dividends. The study uses data from 712 firms over the period of five (5) years from the year 2010 to 2014. Adjusted ordinary least square (OLS) regression methods are employed to analyse the data used in the study. Based on the results, family ownership is seen to have a significant positive relationship with dividends in Malaysia, especially in family firms. The finding has supported the reputational view of dividend, mitigation of agency conflict and dividends as the source of income for the family shareholders. However, the expropriation motive of the controlling family shareholders can still be relevant as high dividends were certainly paid to themselves as they are the majority shareholders in the firm. The contribution of the study lies in the behaviour of the controlling family shareholders in both family and non-family firms in Malaysia. The actual motives of them in relation to the enhancement of the shareholders’ wealth can be revealed through the findings of this study.
PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH RUNNER BEAN RHIZOSPHERE

Soil microorganisms, especially rhizobacteria, play a key role in soil phosphorus (P) dynamics and the subsequent availability of phosphate to plants. Utilization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizers instead of synthetic chemicals is known to improve plant growth through the supply of plant nutrients, and may help to sustain environmental health and soil productivity. The main purpose of this study was to identify new phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from runner bean rhizosphere. Ten out of 25 isolated bacterial strains solubilized Ca3(PO4)2 in qualitative and quantitative P-solubilization. The strain that exhibited the highest potential to solubilize Ca3(PO4)2, was selected for further determination of the mechanisms involved in the process. The medium pH was measured, organic acids released in the culture medium were identified by HPLC analysis, and the acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined. Our results showed that strain R7 solubilized phosphorous through the production of various organic acids such as lactic, isocitric, tartaric and pyruvic acids, and that it can be used as a potential biofertilizer.
Capital Reallocation, Productivity, and Expectation-Driven Business Cycles

In this paper, we show that news on future technological improvement can trigger an immediate economic expansion in a model with heterogenous productive efficiency. The key element in our model is financial friction on allocating capital from less productive to more productive projects. The arrivial of good news on future technology reduces such frictions and generates significant increase in current total factor productivity via capital reallocation. This triggers an immediate increase in output, consumption, investment and hours worked.
On some results of metrics induced by a fuzzy ultrametric

In this paper, we introduce a formula to induce metrics from a fuzzy ultrametric, and consider consistency of the metrics. We also show that completeness and precompactness of a fuzzy ultrametric space are, respectively, identical with completeness and totally bounded property of the metric spaces induced by the fuzzy ultrametric. Furthermore, we explore three types of Hausdorff fuzzy metrics in a fuzzy metric space, and prove that they are identical if the fuzzy metric space is a fuzzy ultrametric space. At last, we discuss consistency between the Hausdorff fuzzy metric in a fuzzy ultrametric space and the Hausdorff metric in the metric space induced by this fuzzy ultrametric.
Combined effect of temperature and food concentration on the filtration and clarification rates and assimilation efficiency of Atrina tuberculosa Sowerby, 1835 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) under laboratory conditions

In Mexico, Atrina tuberculosa and other bivalve mollusks of commercial importance are intensively exploited, resulting in a drastic decline in their natural populations. This makes the ecophysiological studies of our native mollusks very important. The filtration and clarification rates, and the assimilation efficiency of Atrina tuberculosa at three tempera- tures (17, 22.5 and 28°C) and three microalgae concentrations (20,000, 40,000 and 60,000 cell·mL -1 ) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The data of each physiological variable were fit to a second-degree polynomial model by the method of square minimums to generate surface response graphs. The temperature and food concentration had a direct and syn- ergic effect on the filtration and clarification rates of the species. The food concentration significantly affected the assimila- tion efficiency, which was observed to be the highest at the lowest food concentration. The filtration and clarification rates were lower at 17°C as compared to 28°C. No optimal values of assimilation efficiency were observed, which suggests that a wider range of temperatures and food concentration must be evaluated.
Response of wheat seeds to zinc application during storage

Seed coating is among the most potentially beneficial treatments to enhance seed performance, contributing to the improvement of crop stands due to its role in improved seedling development. Thus, micronutrients such as zinc exhibit potential for use in seed coatings. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of coating wheat seeds with zinc sulfate on traits that are related to seed quality during storage and nutrition efficiency during seedling growth. The levels of ZnSO 4 used were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL kg -1 seed. After 0, 3 and 6 months of storage, the germination percentage, mean root length, root dry mass, seedling emergence, nutritional efficiency (absorption, transport and use) and zinc content in the seeds were evaluated. Seed coating with ZnSO 4 increased seedling dry weight and zinc content in roots, which are the primary sink for this nutrient. Higher rates of ZnSO 4 coating resulted in higher absorption efficiency and a concomitant decrease in Zn transport and use efficiency. Thus, the application of appropriate doses of zinc to seeds increases the accumulation of this nutrient, resulting in well-nourished plants that present improved initial development under adverse conditions. Recubrimiento de semillas es uno de los tratamientos potencialmente mas beneficioso para mejorar el rendimiento de la semilla. Tambien contribuye a proporcionar a los productores con mejores puestos de cultivos derivados de un mejor desarrollo de la plantula, que destaca la posibilidad de uso de micronutrientes como el zinc para el recubrimiento de semillas. El objetivo de esta investigacion es evaluar el efecto del recubrimiento de semillas de trigo con sulfato de zinc, en las caracteristicas relacionados con la calidad de la semilla durante el almacenamiento y la eficiencia nutricional de respuesta durante el crecimiento de plantulas. Las semillas fueron tratadas con 0, 1, 2, 3 y 4 mL de ZnSO 4 por kg de semillas. Despues de un periodo de 0, 3 y 6 meses de almacenamiento fueron evaluados porcentaje de germinacion, la longitud media de la raiz, materia seca de la raiz, la emergencia de plantulas, eficiencia nutricional (absorcion, transporte y uso) y el contenido de zinc en las semillas. Recubrimiento de semillas con ZnSO 4 aumento materia seca de plantulas y el contenido de zinc en las raices. Por lo tanto, con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, se observo que la aplicacion de dosis apropiadas de zinc en las semillas proporciona una acumulacion de este nutriente que se traduce en una planta bien alimentada, que presentan un mejor desarrollo inicial en condiciones adversas.
Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Thai Pigs with Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD) during 2007-2010

บทคดยอ เชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองในสกรซงเปนสาเหตของโรคพเอมดบเบลยเอสนน พบการระบาดครงแรกในประเทศแคนาดาป พ. ศ. 2534 จากนนมการแพรระบาดไปในหลายประเทศ ซงในปจจบนไดมการเรยกชอ กลมอาการทเกดจากเชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองนวา กลมอาการพซวเอด เชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองจำแนกออกเปนสองชนด คอ จโนไทป 1 และ จโนไทป 2 ในประเทศไทยมรายงานการคนพบเชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองครงแรกเมอ พ. ศ. 2541 จนถงปจจบนนประเทศไทยมขอมลรหสพนธกรรมของเชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองเพยงหนงสายพนธเทานน ดงนนการศกษาครงนจงมจดประสงคเพอวเคราะหและจำแนกลกษณะทางพนธกรรมของเชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองในสวนโออารเอฟ 2 ทไดจากตวอยางสกรไทยทปวยดวยกลมอาการพซวเอด ในชวงป พ. ศ. 2550 ถง พ. ศ. 2553 จำนวนทงหมด 12 ตวอยางเทยบกบสายพนธอนๆทมการรายงานจากประเทศตางๆ พบวาตวอยางทงหมดอยจดอยในกลม จโนไทป 1 ซงจำแนกเปนกลมยอย 1A/B จำนวน10 ตวอยาง (รอยละ 83.33) และ กลมยอย 1C จำนวน 2 ตวอยาง (รอยละ 16.67) จงสรปผลการวเคราะหและการจำแนกลกษณะทางพนธกรรมของเชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองทง 12 ตวอยางดวยแผนภมตนไมไฟโลเจเนตค พบวามการเปลยนแปลงลำดบของกรดอะมโนเพยงบางตำแหนงเทานน และยงพบวาเชอเซอรโคไวรสชนดทสองสายพนธจโนไทป 1 กลมยอย 1A/B เปนสายพนธทพบมากทสดในตวอยางสกรไทยซงปวยดวยกลมอาการพซวเอดทใชในการศกษาในครงน ในการศกษาตอไปควรมจำนวนตวอยางมากขนเพอยนยนการปรากฏของไวรสจโนไทป 2 ในประเทศไทย คำสำคญ: ลกษณะทางพนธกรรม การวเคราะหวงศวานววฒนาการ สกร เซอรโคไวรสชนดทสอง ประเทศไทย Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was first recognized as a causative agent of post weaning multisystemicsyndrome or PMWS in Canada in 1991. Subsequently, it has been reported in almost all intensive pig productioncountries, and currently all associated diseases linked to PCV2 are included under the term porcine circovirusassociated diseases or PCVAD. PCV2 can be divided into 2 major genotypes referred to genotype 1 (PCV2b) andgenotype 2 (PCV2a). In Thailand, PMWS was first reported in 1998. However, only one isolate of Thai PCV2 from ourgroup has been submitted to GenBank (AY864814). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine thegenetic characterizations of 12 ORF2 of PCV2 isolates from Thai pigs with PCVAD during 2007-2010. Twelve ThaiPCV2 sequences were analyzed together with 19 representative ORF2 sequences. Interestingly, all 12 recent ThaiPCV2 sequences belong to genotype 1 consisting of subgroup 1A/B (10/12, 83.33%) and 1C (2/12, 16.67%). Insummary, based on genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis, a few specific substitution patterns wereobserved in amino acid positions and genotype 1, subgroup 1A/B was predominated in Thai pigs with PCVAD inthis study. More samples are needed to investigate the existence of genotype 2. Keywords: genetic characterization, phylogenetic analysis, pigs, porcine circovirus type 2, Thailand
Presidential Address: Issuers, Underwriter Syndicates, and Aftermarket Transparency

I model strategic interaction among issuers, underwriters, retail investors, and institutional investors when the secondary market has limited price transparency. Search costs for retail investors lead to price dispersion in the secondary market, while the price for institutional investors is infinitely elastic. Because retail distribution capacity is assumed to be limited for each underwriter-dealer, Bertrand competition breaks down in the primary market and new issues are underpriced in equilibrium. Syndicates emerge in which underwriters bid symmetrically, with quantities allocated internally to efficiently utilize retail distribution capacity. Copyright 2007 by The American Finance Association.
Interactive comment on “ Spatial variation of aerosol optical properties around the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch ( 3580 m a . s . l . ) ” by P

Reviewer 1: The paper reports on a closure experiment in a high-alpine region by using in-situ instrumentation as well as lidar and passive remote sensors. The in-situ instruments were placed at the research station Jungfraujoch whereas the lidar was located about 2000 m below and could scan towards the Jungfraujoch. Therefore, all systems could practically sense the same air masses. Thus local closure studies could be performed and are well justified. The paper is well written and logically structured. The instrumentation is introduced in necessary
Market Valuation and Target Horizon in Mergers & Acquisitions

Under the market-driven acquisition theory, targets tend to be underpaid by rational acquirers. One of the reasons targets agree to the transaction is that they are short-horizon oriented. Using a sample of 770 mergers and acquisitions announced between 1993 and 2002, this study empirically shows that targets are more likely to be underpaid when they have shorter horizon-oriented shareholders and CEOs. Shareholder turnover ratio, CEO age, tenure, equity-based wealth and incentive to cash out are proxied for horizon.
First records of three species of Oxycraspedus Kuschel (Coleóptera: Belidae) in Argentina and use of a predictive model to compare their potential distribution with the range of their host-plant, Araucaria araucana

Se reportan por primera vez en Argentina las tres especies de Oxycraspedus Kuschel (Belidae: Oxycoryninae) y se anaden a su distribucion en Chile. Estos gorgojos son de interes debido a su asociacion con el pehuen Araucaria araucana, una especie de gran interes en temas de conservacion. Los datos sobre su distribucion son valiosos para proteger la biodiversidad en areas de la Patagonia. La distribucion potencial de Oxycraspedus predicha por un modelo a partir de variables bioclimaticas, es coincidente, como se esperaba, con el rango geografico de su planta huesped, la araucaria
To What Extent Are Savings–Cash Flow Sensitivities Informative to Test for Capital Market Imperfections?

We construct a simple model with lumpy investment, cash accumulation, and costly external finance. Based on this model, we propose a new savings specification aimed at examining savings behavior in the presence of investment lumpiness and financial constraints. We then test a key prediction of our model, namely that under costly external finance, savings–cash flow sensitivities vary significantly by investment regime. We make use of a panel of firms from transition and developed economies to estimate the new savings regression which controls for investment spikes and periods of inactivity. Our findings confirm the validity of the model’s prediction.
THE MEASUREMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUCCESS IN CHINA : RE-VALIDATING IS-IMPACT IN THE CHINESE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT

Information system (IS) investments are under increasing scrutiny and pressure to justify their contribution to the productivity and competitiveness of organizations. The impacts from contemporary IS, Enterprise Systems being the quintessence, are arguably difficult to measure. In response (Gable, Sedera, & Chan, 2008) introduced the IS-Impact measurement model ‘a measure at a point in time, of the stream of net benefits from the IS, to date and anticipated, as perceived by all key-user-groups. ’ IS-Impact, though extensively validated with enterprise system (ES) in both public and private sectors in Australia, has yet to be tested in other countries. This paper proposes a study to operationalise a Mandarin version of the IS-Impact model, and to validate the model, instrument and approach in the Chinese organisational context, thereby further validating and generalizing the IS-Impact approach. A context study, in combination with IS-Impact survey results, will also yield valuable insights into the state of ES in China.
Delineation of seed collection zones based on environmental and genetic characteristics for Quercus suber L. in Sardinia, Italy

Abstract: The assessment of seed zones or regions of provenance (RoP) to preserve local adaptation of tree species is an effective tool for the correct management of forest reproductive materials. The RoP for a species or sub-species is the area or group of areas subject to sufficiently uniform ecological conditions in which stands or seed sources show similar phenotypic or genetic characters, taking into account altitudinal boundaries where appropriate. However, the delineation of RoPs is commonly based on estimates of intrinsic environmental homogeneity, mainly climate and/or soil characteristics. The integration of genetic data into RoP maps is an important strategy to obtain a sound tool for managing forest reproductive materials. A study on Quercus suber (cork oak) in Sardinia (Italy) was carried out with the aim of determining ecological regions of provenance, investigating the genetic diversity among populations at the regional scale and identifying possible areas of interest for valorising the available germplasm. Identification of these areas was performed by Reserve Selection Analysis, which allows to identify priority areas by assessing the minimum number of sites required to include all the genetic diversity estimated by genetic analysis. Four spatial clusters were obtained based on environmental data: the northern and northern-eastern parts of the island were included in the Northern RoP; the second RoP covered the western part; and the third RoP enclosed the south-eastern region. The last group was distributed on the central part of the island (Central RoP) and includes the higher elevations. The sampled populations showed a low differentiation among populations and low diversity. According to the Reserve Selection Analysis, four conservation priority areas were identified. These indications can be useful at the local level because these sites can be proposed as stands for seed collection for future plantations.
Electronic Debit Card Usage and their Impact on Profitability of Pakistan Banking Sector: ROA, Model

Advancements in ICT (Information and Communication Technology) have become the heart of banking sector and indeed banking sector is a root cause of success for each economy. Its importance is absolutely evidenced from the current recession in European banks crisis. The influences of innovation, globalization and competition in the banking sector by its providers to offer their services make essential the understanding of how various aspect of advancements in technology especially in sense of debit card, credit cards, mobile banking, internet banking, ATM and much more can affect the profitability in both form of assets and equity belongs to shareholders. In this study we have endeavored to develop an integrated mathematical model to testify the impact of debit card usage on ROA of Pakistan banking industry by implying the regression analysis. The results have enlightened that increased in debit card usage enhance the profitability of banking industry in form of ROA over the period of 2004 to 2013 quarterly. Hence, this study along with limitations can be recommended further in the process of transforming paper based transactions to electronic based to reduce the cost and enhance the customer satisfaction through high quality of service delivery. Keywords: Debit Card, ICT, ROA, Pakistan
The Recreational Skippers Ticket and Its Influence on Boater Behavior

Recreational boating is a popular leisure activity and possibly the least regulated of all forms of transport. To reduce the number of boating injuries and incidents, educational measures are important and mandatory boating education and training is recommended to improve boat operator skills. The Recreational Skippers Ticket (RST) was introduced in Western Australia (WA) in 2006 so that people in charge of a recreational vessel have a minimum level of skill and knowledge needed to protect themselves and their passengers and to share the water safely with others. The objective of this study was to monitor the uptake of the RST, to assess its influence upon boater’s perceptions of changes in their behavior and to explore factors associated with completion of RST. Using the WA database of registered recreational vessels, a sample of 1,002 boaters was recruited to participate in a telephone survey in 2008. A response rate of 47.5% was achieved. More than one-half of the respondents had completed their RST and of these, more than one-third reported that obtaining their RST had changed their behavior. Those boaters who had completed their RST were more likely to be male, were more experienced boaters, and were a member of a boating association. While the RST has increased awareness among recreational vessel owners, further monitoring is needed to explore its influence upon attitude, knowledge, and behavior of recreational boaters. Recreational boating is a popular leisure and recreational activity among Western Australians, although it is possibly the least regulated of all forms of transport. Every year, boating-related incidents result in an average of seven deaths and 127 serious injuries in Western Australia (WA; Pikora & Cercarelli, 2004). It has been suggested that boating incidents cause more harm than rail and aviation accidents combined, and boating is second only to road transport as a cause of transportrelated injury at a national level (O’Connor, 2005). Previous research into boating fatalities has suggested that human factors are the largest contributors to boating-related incidents and injuries (Ashby, Cassell, & Congiu, 2007; Cassell & Congiu, 2005; Maritime New Zealand, 2008; McKnight, Becker, Pettit, & McKnight, 2007; Washington State Parks, 2004). To prevent boating-related fatalities and injuries, educational measures are considered to be an essential component of any strategy (Christoffel & Gallagher, 2006), and mandatory
Private Operation with Public Supervision: Evidence of Hybrid Modes of Governance in Prisons

Received theories suggest a possible cost-quality tradeoff when private outsourcing arrangements are used in public services. Using data from Brazilian prisons, our study provides evidence that contradicts this prediction: the prisons not only run at a lower cost, but also show similar or improved performance on a range of quality indicators. The attenuation of the cost-quality dilemma in our context is due to the hybrid management, which allocates control rights to a state-appointed public supervisor. We also discuss conditions in which the public supervisor may refrain from colluding with the private agent, therefore guaranteeing an effective monitoring of service quality.
First-principles modeling of superlattice intrinsic stacking fault energies in Ni 3 Al based alloys

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