Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALEITAMENTO MATERNO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ANÁPOLIS: SABERES E PRÁTICAS NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA.

A importância do aleitamento materno foi consagrada no seculo XX, representando a estrategia de maior impacto na diminuicao da mortalidade infantil. A amamentacao e uma pratica a ser aprendida e refletida, sendo parte fundamental da promocao da saude, eixo norteador das politicas publicas em saude, representada pela Estrategia Saude da Familia. A luz do conhecimento da importância das acoes de educacao em saude, buscou-se, nesta pesquisa, identificar quais os conhecimentos e as praticas que os profissionais de saude da Estrategia Saude da Familia de Anapolis detem sobre o aleitamento materno e tambem quais as condicoes que facilitam ou dificultam as acoes para a sua promocao nestas unidades. A pesquisa de natureza descritivo-analitica utilizou-se de metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa. Os resultados evidenciaram populacao de profissionais jovens, a maioria do sexo feminino, atuando na estrategia ha menos de tres anos. As praticas destes profissionais revelam que vivenciaram a amamentacao, porem, o aleitamento materno exclusivo ate os 6 meses foi encontrado em pequena porcentagem destes profissionais. O Banco de Leite Humano e mais conhecido por sua funcao de processamento e distribuicao do leite e pouco lembrado como unidade promotora do aleitamento materno a servico da comunidade. O manejo da lactacao e de conhecimento da grande maioria dos profissionais, contudo, ainda existe numero significativo que nao indica o aleitamento em livre demanda, o que pode acarretar prejuizo a amamentacao. As unidades de saude em geral possuem capacidade fisica para realizar acoes educativas, porem necessitam de materiais educativos para essas acoes. Concluimos que a promocao do aleitamento materno na Estrategia Saude da Familia tem sido realizada de forma assistematica e os profissionais necessitam de conhecimentos atualizados, portanto, de mais capacitacoes. Contudo, esta pesquisa demonstrou que o municipio conta com potencialidades e elementos fundamentais para a promocao do aleitamento materno. Uma boa cobertura da populacao com a Estrategia Saude da Familia e o Banco de Leite Humano Municipal estruturado, aliados a profissionais motivados e capacitados, certamente, tornarao estas acoes eficazes e eficientes.
THE AIR-KERMA RATE CONSTANT: APPLICATION TO AIR-KERMA MEASUREMENTS FOR HOMELAND SECURITY

Air-kerma rate measurements from 57Co, 60Co, and 137Cs radioactive sources were performed. These measurements were motivated by the development of new sources at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for radiological testing of equipment for homeland security applications. The testing of radiation detection equipment relies on knowing the values of the air-kerma rate for the radioactive sources at a fixed distance from the source. The air-kerma rate can be measured or alternatively estimated by using published values of the air-kerma rate constant. Although there are a large number of published values of the air-kerma rate constant for radionuclide sources based on theoretical calculations, strong disagreement is observed throughout the literature. Furthermore, most of the published values have no uncertainties assigned, and therefore their use for testing radiological equipment is limited. In this work we report experimentally-measured values of the air-kerma rate for three radionuclides with well defined source geometries and activities. The results are compared to estimates based on published values of the air-kerma rate constant. Such values are easily found in the literature from the last three decades and are used commonly by the scientific community.
Disruptive technologies: a business model perspective on cloud computing

A viable business model is crucial for the successful commercialisation of disruptive technologies. The cloud computing industry provides an ideal example for exploring how various elements of a business model contribute to a product's success (or failure). We examine how Amazon.com, Salesforce.com and Siebel responded to the disruptive power of the cloud computing technology. Our findings suggest disruptive technology per se is not the reason for the collapse of large corporations, but rather the failure to adapt or create new business models to incorporate novel technology. Our findings have direct implications for strategic managers and entrepreneurs seeking to leverage disruptive technologies through the right business model.
Efficacy of chemical neurolysis for the treatment of interdigital nerve compression of the foot: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND Dilute alcohol injection has been described as a nonsurgical treatment option for interdigital nerve compression of the foot, also known as "Morton's neuroma. " This study reviews the efficacy of the procedure in 49 feet at one treatment center. METHODS In this historical cohort study, data from 42 patients who had undergone alcohol injection therapy were obtained from clinic records. A total of 49 feet were reviewed. RESULTS Symptoms were improved or resolved in 30 (61%) of 49 feet. Nineteen feet (39%) were unimproved, with 12 of those progressing to surgical neurectomy. Feet that received five or more injections were more likely to improve (74%) than those that received fewer than five injections (39%). Three patients reported mild complications associated with dilute alcohol injection, all of which resolved spontaneously within 2 days of the injection. CONCLUSIONS Dilute alcohol injection is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with Morton's neuroma who want to avoid a surgical procedure and any associated complications. The procedure may be more successful if the patient receives at least five injections.
The Central Philosophy of Buddhism : A Study of the Madhyamika System

* The Two Traditions in Indian Philosophy * The "Silence" of the Buddha and the Beginnings of the Dialectic * Development of the Two Traditions and the Emergence of the Mahyamika System * The Influence of the Madhyamika Dialectic * The Structure of the Madhyamika Dialectic * Some Objections against the Dialectic Considered * Application of the Dialectic * The Madhyamika Conception of Philosophy as Prajna-Paramita * Absolute and Phenomena * Dialectic and Freedom * Absolute and Tathgata * The Madhyamika and Some Western Dialectical Systems The Madhyamika, Vijnanavada and Vedanta
Reproducibility of tilt‐table test result in patients with malignant neurocardiogenic syncope

The indication for permanent pacemaker remains controversial in malignant neurocardiogenic syncope. A highly reproducible prolonged pause during a repeat head‐up tilt‐table testing may identify a subgroup of neurally mediated syncope with a prominent and consistent cardioinhibitory component. Seven patients (3 females) with a mean age of 30 years (23−44 years) were diagnosed to have malignant neurocardiogenic syncope; all are classified according to the Vasovagal Syncope International Study as 2B type, with observed sinus pauses ranged from 3 s to 26 s of which only 1 demonstrated a reproducible sinus pause. No recurrence of syncope was clinically observed in patients during the follow‐up period. Of 6 patients treated non‐pharmacologically, one required a beta‐blocker and none required a permanent pacemaker. Prolonged asystole manifest during head‐up tilt‐table testing is a poorly reproducible phenomenon and permanent pacemaker implantation in malignant neurocardiogenic syncope should not be a first line therapy. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 504−506)
Alloplastic materials in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence and prolapse surgery - salvation or complication for concerned patients?

Hypothesis / aims of study More than 200 million female patients worldwide are affected by urinary incontinence (FUI). In the US only, therapy of FUI causes costs of around 16 billion US$/year [1]. The use of alloplastic materials for the reconstruction of pelvic floor disorders is commonly accepted and widely performed. However, in Oct 2008, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning concerning serious complications associated with transvaginal placement of surgical mesh in the repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in more than 1000 women [2]. These complications (erosion through vaginal epithelium, infection, pain, urinary problems, recurrence of prolapse and/or incontinence, bowel, bladder, and blood vessel perforation during insertion, vaginal scarring and mesh erosion) have already been reported as rare events in earlier trials, but are likely to be underdiagnosed and underreported [3]. Apart from shortterm complications due to the surgical technique used longterm outcome and adverse events have not been evaluated yet as long-term results are still lacking. In particular, the acceptance of alloplastic materials on cellular level and presumable consequences (cicatrice formation and interference with surrounding functional tissue) on patients`quality of life (including female sexual dysfunction) remain unanswered questions. To our knowledge preclinical research investigating the biocompatibility of such alloplastic materials has not been described so far. The aim of our study is to determine the interoperability of alloplastic materials in invitro experiments.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated With Pulmonary Cement Embolism Following Percutaneous Vertebroplasty With Polymethylmethacrylate

Study Design. A case of acute respiratory distress syndrome following percutaneous vertebroplasty is described. Objective. To alert clinicians to the potential occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome following use of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Summary of Background Data. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has not been reported following intravertebral injection of polymethylmethacrylate. Methods. A 68-year-old woman underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty for a painful L5 compression fracture under local anesthesia. A contralateral transpedicular approach was made to inject polymethylmethacrylate. Results. On the third postoperative day, she developed arthralgia, myalgia, fever, and frequent coughing. Chest radiography revealed bilateral, multifocal, patchy consolidations, suggestive of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and a 5-cm-long tubular radiopacity in the right pulmonary artery. She died 20 days after the vertebroplasty. Conclusion. This case illustrates that clinicians must be aware of the potential occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients who received percutaneous vertebroplasty.
Evaluation of new laryngoscope blade for tracheal intubation, Truview EVO2©;: a manikin study

Background and objective Difficult airways present a clinical challenge for anaesthetists. The Truphatek Truview EVO2©; (Truphatek International Ltd, Netanya, Israel) is a new laryngoscope blade used for endotracheal intubation that could be used where there is difficulty in visualizing the laryngeal inlet. Methods Twenty anaesthetists (12 trainees and eight consultants) compared the Truphatek Truview EVO2©; with a conventional Macintosh size 3 blade. The Trucorp Airsim Bronchi©; (Trucorp Ltd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK) manikin was intubated under normal conditions and under simulated difficult conditions such as tongue inflation and neck rigidity. In each scenario, the Cormack–Lehane grade, time needed for successful intubation, perceived difficulty of tracheal intubation and personal preference of blade were compared. The results were analysed with t‐test (time of intubation), Wilcoxon signed‐rank sum (Cormack–Lehane grade, ease of manoeuvre, preferred blade) and analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction (augmentation of difficulties in different scenarios). Results The Truview EVO2 blade allowed the best laryngeal view as judged by the Cormack–Lehane grade (P < 0.05) in two separate situations: under simulated tongue inflation and under simulated neck rigidity. However, this blade did not reduce the intubation time or the ease of tracheal tube placement with respect to conventional Macintosh blade. Conclusion Compared with the classical Macintosh blade, the Truview EVO2 blade allowed a better view of the larynx, but did not facilitate endotracheal intubation in any of the difficult scenarios created with the adjustable manikin and in most scenarios in fact prolonged the intubation time.
Repeated Amphetamine Exposure Disrupts Dopaminergic Modulation of Amygdala–Prefrontal Circuitry and Cognitive/Emotional Functioning

Repeated exposure to psychostimulants such as amphetamine (AMPH) disrupts cognitive and behavioral processes mediated by the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). The present study investigated the effects of repeated AMPH exposure on the neuromodulatory actions of dopamine (DA) on BLA–mPFC circuitry and cognitive/emotional processing mediated by these circuits. Rats received five AMPH (2 mg/kg) or saline injections (controls) over 10 d, followed by 2–4 week drug washout. In vivo neurophysiological extracellular recordings in urethane-anesthetized rats were used to obtain data from mPFC neurons that were either inhibited or excited by BLA stimulation. In controls, acute AMPH attenuated BLA-evoked inhibitory or excitatory responses; these effects were mimicked by selective D2 or D1 agonists, respectively. However, in AMPH-treated rats, the ability of these dopaminergic manipulations to modulate BLA-driven decreases/increases in mPFC activity was abolished. Repeated AMPH also blunted the excitatory effects of ventral tegmental area stimulation on mPFC neural firing. Behavioral studies assessed the effect of repeated AMPH on decision making with conditioned punishment, a process mediated by BLA–mPFC circuitry and mesocortical DA. These treatments impaired the ability of rats to use conditioned aversive stimuli (footshock-associated cue) to guide the direction of instrumental responding. Collectively, these data suggest that repeated AMPH exposure can lead to persistent disruption of dopaminergic modulation of BLA–mPFC circuitry, which may underlie impairments in cognitive/emotional processing observed in stimulant abusers. Furthermore, they suggest that impairments in decision making guided by aversive stimuli observed in stimulant abusers may be the result of repeated drug exposure.
Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 388 The Emergence of Information Sharing in Credit Markets

We examine how asymmetric information and competition in the credit market affect voluntary information sharing between lenders. We study an experimental credit market in which information sharing can help lenders to distinguish good borrowers from bad ones, because borrowers may exogenously switch locations. Lenders, however, are also engaged in spatial competition, and lose market power by sharing information with close competitors. Our results suggest that more asymmetric information in the credit market increases information sharing behavior significantly. Stronger competition between lenders reduces information sharing, but its impact seems to be only of second order importance. JEL-Classifications: C92, G21, D82
Application of a new LDL apheresis system using two dextran sulfate cellulose columns in combination with an automatic column‐regenerating unit and a blood cell separator

Extracorporeal procedures for selective removal of low‐density lipoproteins have become a promising new approach for treatment of severe familial hypercholesterolemia. We tested efficacy and safety of a new LDL apheresis system by using two dextran sulfate cellulose adsorbents (Liposorber LA 15TM from Kanegafuchi) under the control of an automatic column‐regenerating unit for continuous alternate adsorption and desorption. Plasma was taken from a continuous‐flow blood cell separator (model IBM/Cobe 2997) allowing an extracorporeal circuit from one cubital vein to another. A 57‐year‐old male with drug‐resistant heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia accompanied by moderate hypertriglyceridemia and severe coronary artery disease has been treated every 2 weeks for 3 months so far. Treatment of 4–5 liters of plasma resulted in a mean decrease of total cholesterol from 355 to 111 mg/dl (9.20 to 2.88 mmol/l), of LDL cholesterol from 272 to 49 mg/dl (7.05 to 1.53 mmol/l), and of apolipoprotein B from 175 to 44 mg/dl. HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A‐I, and other plasma proteins did not substantially change apart from hemodilution. No side effects were seen. This new technique of LDL apheresis represents a very effective and safe method for treatment of drug‐resistant familial hypercholesterolemia without or with concomitant hypertri‐lyceridemia.
Six new deep-water sternaspid species (Annelida, Sternaspidae) from the Pacific Ocean

Abstract Most sternaspid species have been described from shallow water, and Caulleryaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 includes one deep water species: C. gudmundssoni Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 from Iceland. In Sternaspis Otto, 1821, the most speciose genus, most species were described from shallow water and only three thrive in deep water: S. maior Chamberlin, 1919 from the Gulf of California, S. princeps Selenka, 1885 from New Zealand, and S. riestchi Caullery, 1944 from Indonesia. The study of some deep sea sternaspids from the Pacific Ocean in the collections of six research institutions resulted in the discovery of six undescribed species, and for three of them there were abundant materials showing ventro-caudal shield development. Caulleryaspis fauchaldi sp. n. is described based on specimens from Oregon and California; it differs from the known species because it has a shield with rounded anterior margins and its peg chaetae form thin, small spines. Caulleryaspis nuda sp. n. was collected off Oregon; it is unique because its shield lacks a layer of sediment particles firmly attached, but has instead a thin layer of small particles loosely attached. Four other species are newly described in Sternaspis: S. annenkovae sp. n. was collected east off the northern Kurile Islands in about 4,000 m depth; it differs from other species by having a bicolored body, with the introvert darker than the abdomen, and its ventro-caudal shield plates are divergent resulting in a divided fan. The second species, S. maureri sp. n. was found off Peru in 1296–6489 m water depths and in the Southwestern Pacific in 795–3830 m; it resembles S. williamsae sp. n. but differs because its shield has better-developed ribs, the fan has a shallow or indistinct median notch and has lateral notches well-developed. The third species, S. uschakovi sp. n. , was found in the Okhotsk Sea in 592–1366 m, off California in 1585 m, Gulf of California in 1200–1274 m, and Western Mexico in 2548 m; it resembles S. africana Augener, 1918 and S. andamanensis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 in having shields with a denticulate posterior margin; the latter two species live in shallow water and they differ from each other and from the new species by a combination of shield and papillae features. The fourth species, S. williamsae sp. n. , was found off Oregon in 1000–2400 m, and off California in 878–1246 m; it resembles S. annenkovae because both species have shields with fans narrower than the anterior margin width, but differ in the relative development of shield features and in the relative size of prostomium and mouth; as stated above it also resembles S. maureri sp. n. but its shield has poorly-developed ribs, its median notch is distinct, and the lateral notches are poorly developed or indistinct. Keys to identify all species of Caulleryaspis and Sternaspis are also included.
Phosphorylated histone H3, Ki-67, p21, fatty acid synthase, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in benign and atypical granular cell tumors.

CONTEXT Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are classified as benign when none of the following features is present: spindling of the tumor cells, necrosis, diffuse pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and mitotic rate >2 per 10 high-power fields. It has been suggested that a GCT be classified as atypical when 1 or 2 of these features are seen and as malignant when 3 or more of these are present. In our practice, we do not classify GCTs as malignant in the absence of metastasis. OBJECTIVE To compare immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated histone H3 (PHH3), Ki-67 (MIB-1), p21, fatty acid synthase, and cleaved caspase-3 in histologically classified benign and atypical GCTs. DESIGN We reviewed 25 cases of GCT from our archives and classified 14 as atypical based on histologic features. Immunohistochemical staining for PHH3, Ki-67, p21, fatty acid synthase, and cleaved caspase-3 was performed using standard methods. The number of positive cells for Ki-67, p21, and PHH3 was calculated in 10 consecutive high-power fields in a hot spot. Fatty acid synthase and cleaved caspase-3 cytoplasmic expression was graded from 1 to 3. RESULTS Ki-67 and PHH3 scores were significantly higher in atypical GCTs. The expression of p21, fatty acid synthase, and cleaved caspase-3 was not significantly different between atypical and benign GCTs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that histologic features are reliable in identifying GCTs that have a higher proliferative potential as shown by higher immunoreactivity for Ki-67 and PHH3. These immunostains may help in classifying GCTs in cases where a thorough histologic evaluation is precluded by the small size of a biopsy specimen.
Decontaminating particles exposed to bacterial endotoxin (LPS).

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which comes from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, can stimulate murine macrophage cells to produce nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukins, such as IL-6. When examining the biological effects of particles on macrophages, it is important to have no contaminating LPS associated with the particles and none with any cell culture media or supplies since even very low levels of LPS are stimulatory. The presence or absence of LPS was observed in two ways: (1) the amount of NO produced by RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, and (2) the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Treating particles with 70% ethanol at room temperature for 48 h, followed by washing the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles with endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline three times, decontaminated LPS and LPS-treated PMMA particles. When given LPS that had been treated with 70% ethanol for 48 h at room temperature or at 37 degrees C, cells did not produce NO above control levels. Negative LAL tests indicated the presence of extremely low levels or the complete absence of LPS in 70% ethanol-treated LPS.
Influence of Capacitive Effects on the Characteristics of Creeping Discharges Propagating over Solid/Liquid Interfaces under Impulse Voltages

This paper is aimed at the study of the influence of the capacitive effects on the characteristics of creeping discharges propagating over solid/liquid interface namely the morphology, the density of branches, the final length and the electrical charge associated with this kind of discharges. The capacitive effects are investigated through the thickness and dielectric permittivity of solid insulator. Different solid insulating materials are investigated; the considered liquid is a mineral oil of naphtenic type. It's shown that the surface density of branches and the final lengths of discharges as well as the electrical charge increase when the dielectric constant of insulator is increased and/or the thickness of insulator is reduced indicating thus the implication of the capacitive effects.