Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in Incident Hemodialysis Patients in One Center: Results from 15 Years Cohort Study

Aim: While mortality among hemodialysis patients has been well researched in Western countries, only few systematic studies have been reported from China. The aim of this study was explore outcome in chronic hemodialysis patients in an academic Chinese hospital. Methods: We extracted data from consecutive incident patients who initiated hemodialysis and survived at least 90 days between 1/1/1998 and 31/12/2012 in the Renji hospital, Shanghai, China. The follow-up period ended on 30/6/2014. We used Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis to explore survival characteristics and associated covariates. Results: Out of 646 patients who started dialysis, 522 patients had a documented survival beyond 90 days. Their median age at dialysis initiation was 55.3 years (range 15.4-89.6), 322 patients (61.7%) were males. By 30/6/2014, 172 patients (33%) had died, 253 (48.5%) were alive on hemodialysis, 60 patients (11.5%) were transplanted, 35 (6.7%) transferred to another center, and 1 patient each switched to peritoneal dialysis and recovered kidney function. Fiveyear and ten-year survival rates were 74.2% and 53.6%, respectively. Age at dialysis initiation (hazard ratio 1.053, 95% CI [1.039, 1.266], p<0.001) and diabetic nephropathy (HR 1.73, 95% CI [1.046, 2.081], p<0.033) were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Our findings indicated a comparably low 5- and 10-year mortality in patients who had a documented survival beyond the first 90 days. This finding may in part be due to the lower age at dialysis initiation and the low prevalence of diabetes in the study population.
Design and evaluation of perceptual masks for wavelet image compression

Transform-based image compression performance is measured quantitatively in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR); subjective quality is also important to evaluating performance. An image compression system that incorporates the sensitivities of the human visual system (HVS) can enhance performance. This paper develops new HVS techniques-in the form of perceptual weighting masks derived from the luminance contrast sensitivity function-and illustrates their performance for grayscale and color images using the biorthogonal 9/7 and 22/14 wavelet transforms. Performance is measured quantitatively and qualitatively using a subjective testing procedure with 15 observers. Our HVS methods improve both PSNR and subjective quality for color images; for grayscale images, PSNR values decrease and quality increases.
Internet-Based Interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder - an Overview

Internet-based interventions hold specific advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). The present review examines different approaches in the internet-based treatment of SAD and reviews their efficacy and effectiveness. 21 studies investigated the potential of guided and unguided internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatments (ICBT) for SAD, comprising a total of N = 1,801 socially anxious individuals. The large majority of these trials reported substantial reductions of social anxiety symptoms through ICBT programs. Within effect sizes were mostly large and comparisons to waitlist and more active control groups were positive. Treatment gains were stable from 3 months to 5 years after treatment termination. In conclusion, ICBT is effective in the reduction of social anxiety symptoms. At the same time, not all participants benefit from these treatments to a sufficient degree. Future research should focus on what makes these interventions work in which patient populations, and at the same time, examine ways to implement internet-based treatment in the routine care for socially anxious patients.
Auditory Brainstem Response Testing in the Intensive Care Unit

Director of Audiology, Speech, Language, Hearing Center, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah The need for the early identification of hearing loss in infants and children is largely undisputed. Strategies for establishing reliable, valid, and cost-effective procedures have been developed over the years, all with limited success. What may be an appropriate cost-effective method for a well baby nursery may not be valid for high-risk neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Likewise, what may be a more effective method for the high-risk neonate may not be cost effective for general screening in normal newborn nurseries. Maturation, differential response to auditory stimuli, state of the infant, and integrity of the central nervous system are all important considerations in selecting a particular method for hearing screening when contrasted against its ability to identify hearing loss in a cost-effective manner. Behavioral screening tests, high-risk registers, and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) all show merit in given environments and situations. Escalating medical costs and the need of hospitals to control expenses sometimes result in compromise among procedures to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the screening protocol. To ensure justification on a cost basis, yet maintain an effective screening method, is the challenge of professionals striving to meet the goal of early identification and intervention. The methods utilized to achieve the goal of identifying hearing loss are generally evaluated and accepted on the basis of the incidence of over and of under referral. Since a normal ABR is dependent upon both an intact peripheral hearing mechanism and auditory brainstem, abnormal ABR findings can be related to disorders at one or both sites. A peripheral disorder may preclude an assessment of brainstem dysfunction. Likewise abnormal conduction at the brainstem may preclude a full assessment of peripheral response. Understanding the limitations of this electrophysiological measure has important implications with respect to whether the test reflects excessive over or under referral for a disorder. When a full assessment of peripheral response is precluded by an
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices in Ethiopia

Background: Despite the demonstrated benefits of breast milk, the prevalence of breastfeeding, in-particular exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), in many developing countries including Ethiopia is lower than the international recommendation of EBF for the first six months of life Objective: To assess the practice of EBF and explore its determinants in Ethiopia and provide policy makers and NGOs with relevant information for future planning and interventions. Methods: Raw data collected from nine regions and two city administrations using stratified cluster sampling method by the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2005 were used to study the practice and determinants of EBF countrywide. Analysis was based on children whose age was less than six months and alive at the time of interview that was extracted from the women’s database. Results: The overall rates of exclusive and full breastfeeding were 49.0% and 68.2% respectively. Maternal education, marital status, wealth index and age of the child were closely associated with EBF practices, nonetheless, in the hierarchical analysis; being not married, middle/ richer/ richest wealth index, and child age 0-1and 2-3 month were retained as the predictors of EBF (P Conclusion: A range of maternal and child health attributes such as marital status, economical status and child age were found to influence the practice of EBF in Ethiopia. Actions to empower women and promotion of EBF campaign are recommended to achieve the fourth millennium development goal.
The Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and the Most Powerful Components as Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Central Iran: A 10-Year Follow-Up in a Cohort Study

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is rapidly growing in today’s world as an important predictor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: The present study aimed at assessing the incidence of MetS and the most powerful components as predictors of MetS in a cohort study in central Iran. Methods: This cohort study was a follow-up of participants (n = 2000 and aged 20 to 74 years), who were selected using multistage random cluster sampling method from urban areas of Yazd, Iran, during year 2005 and repeated in 2015. Metabolic Syndrome was deﬁnedusingamodiﬁedversionof NationalcholesteroleducationprogramadulttreatmentpanelIII(NCEPIII)deﬁnition. Toassess hazard ratio of components of MetS for crude and adjusted values in two models, Cox proportional hazard regression was used. Results: Prevalence of MetS was 44.8% (n = 887) at baseline. Therefore, we followed subjects without MetS (n = 809) in 2015. After about10years,MetSwasdevelopedin56.1% (n=454)of subjects. Incidenceof MetSinmalesandfemaleswas56.1/1000person-years and 58.7/1000 person-years, respectively. The analysis revealed that incidence of MetS signiﬁcantly increased with age and higher level of socio-economic status and decreased with high level of education. In females and males the most powerful component for incidence of MetS was high fasting blood glucose (HR = 16.6, 95% CI: 1.91 - 22.82) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02 -2.6), respectively. Conclusions: The current study showed a high incidence of MetS in males and females residing in central Iran. Furthermore, community-based interventions that reduce MetS in the population are needed.
Entecavir Resistance at rtS202, rtM250 May Cause Poor Viral Response to Tenofovir-based Rescue Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B

Background/Aims: Long-term use of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) may lead to genotypic and/or phenotypic resistance of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). We investigated the efficacy of tenofovir-based rescue therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with newly developed genotypic resistance to prior NAs or partial virologic response to sequential rescue therapies. Methods: Fifty-four CHB patients were included retrospectively. The patients were treated with tenofovir alone or combined with lamivudine or entecavir. Results: There were 26 forms of genotypic resistance at enrollment. The median amount of serum HBV-DNA was 18,438 IU/mL and 83% of samples were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Serum HBV-DNA was undetectable in 50%, 61%, and 76% of the patients at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, HBV-DNA < 20,000 IU/mL and negative HBeAg at baseline were independent predictors of negativity for serum HBV-DNA. Interestingly, the rtS202 mutation tended to be associated with an unfavorable response. Other clinical variables and viral resistance genotypes showed non-significant viral response. Conclusions: Lower serum HBV-DNA, negative HBeAg and lack of rtS202G mutations at baseline may predict a favorable response to tenofovir-based rescue therapies in CHB patients with newly developed genotypic resistance to prior NAs or a partial virologic response to sequential rescue therapies. (Korean J Med 2015;89:527-536)
Behavior and heart rate perceived exertion during combat Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu/Comportamento da frequencia cardiaca e percepcao subjetiva de esforco durante combate de Jiu-Jitsu Brasileiro

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da frequencia cardiaca (FC) e sua relacao com a percepcao subjetiva de esforco (PSE) em atletas de Jiu-Jitsu Brasileiro (JJB) com idade de 27±6,24 anos, 85,6±16,95 kg, 1,76±0,06 m e IMC 28 ± 4,33 kg/m2. O protocolo experimental consistiu da simulacao de um combate com utilizacao de tempo oficial (10 minutos) independente de ocorrer ou nao a finalizacao do adversario. A FC foi aferida pre (113,4±13,2 bpm), durante todo combate, nos minutos 2,5 (165,1±11,9 bpm), 5 (170,1±15,9 bpm), 7,5 (170,1±13,9 bpm) e 10 (173,1±10,4 bpm) e pos, nos minutos 1 (139,8±13,0 bpm), 2 (132,4±10,6 bpm) e 3 (127,1±12,1 bpm), assim como a PSE (5,0±1,0) ao final da luta. De acordo com os resultados foi possivel verificar que os lutadores mantiveram a frequencia cardiaca elevada durante toda a luta, correspondendo a uma alta intensidade de esforco (91,6±5,5 %), assim como a PSE, que apresentou classificacao proxima a PESADA. Deste modo, concluimos que a utilizacao da escala de Borg foi capaz de identificar a intensidade de esforco durante lutas de JJB.
Formes, contenus et évolution du partage au sein d'une équipe de sport de haut niveau

L’objectif de cette etude est d’analyser les elements qui contribuent a la comprehension partagee (CP) entre les partenaires d’une equipe feminine de handball. Au sein du courant Team cognition, la CP est le phenomene cognitif collectif suppose expliquer l’efficacite des coordinations entre membres d’une equipe, en situation de travail ou en sport. L’approche theorique de la Conscience Collective de la Situation (CCS) est mobilisee ici pour etudier les contenus partages, les formes de partage, ainsi que leur evolution. Des donnees comportementales completees par des donnees verbales, collectees lors d’entretiens d’auto-confrontation individuels, sont recueillies. Les donnees sont analysees en cinq etapes : (1) la reconstruction de la chronique du match, (2) le codage et decoupage du flux de l’activite individuelle, (3) l’identification des moments de partage, (4) la categorisation empirique d’unites de sens relatives aux moments de partage et l’identification de formes et de contenus typiques de partage, (5) la dynamique des formes et contenus partages en respectant la chronologie du deroulement des attaques (6) la validite de l’analyse. Les resultats permettent d’identifier quatre formes typiques d’articulation des activites individuelles ainsi que sept contenus typiques partages. La chronologie de ces moments est restituee sous forme de graphe pour analyser la dynamique du partage. La discussion est organisee en trois temps (1) la diversite des elements qui contribuent a la coordination des actions au sein d’une equipe sportive, (2) les effets du contexte sur l’organisation du partage (3) evolution de la comprehension partagee en situation dynamique collaborative.
Active Shooter and Terrorist Event-Related Posttraumatic Stress and Depression: Television Viewing and Perceived Safety

Abstract Objective This study examined the relationship of sniper-related television viewing (TV) and perceived safety to posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms during the Washington, DC sniper attacks. Methods Participants were 1238 Washington, DC area residents assessed using an internet survey including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, hours of TV, and perceived safety. Results Almost 40% (n = 459) of participants watched at least 2 hours of sniper-related TV daily. TV viewing was associated with lower total perceived safety. After adjusting for demographics, more TV viewing and decreased perceived safety were related to increased PTS and depressive symptoms. TV viewing modified the effect of safety on PTS and depressive symptoms. Among participants with low and high perceived safety, hours of TV were positively associated with PTS; however, the effect was stronger among those with low perceived safety. The relationship of TV to increased depressive symptoms was identified only in participants who reported low perceived safety. Conclusions The influence of media exposure and perceived safety have implications for intervention by community leaders and mental health care providers. Recommendations include limiting media exposure during a terrorist event, particularly among those who perceive that their safety is at risk, and targeting safety in communication strategies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:570-576)
Customized minimally invasive orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED) refers to a constellation of ophthalmic and orbital findings that are typically associated with Graves’ disease. Due to the heterogeneous expansion of orbital tissues, the resulting phenotypic spectrum ranges widely, with some patients requiring orbital decompression to reduce proptosis and exposure keratopathy or to relieve compression of the optic nerve. Orbital decompression was first described by Dollinger in 1911 and is the treatment of choice for disfiguring proptosis in patients with TED. Since its initial description, an evolution of surgical approaches has been described. Unfortunately, many surgical options are fraught with significant complications including hypoglobus and postoperative diplopia. Over the last several years, technical advancements have greatly facilitated minimally invasive bone and fat removal, significantly reducing postoperative diplopia and recovery time. These advents have expanded the indications for surgical intervention to include patients with exposure keratopathy related to proptosis, orbital pain, congestive orbitopathy and those who are expected to undergo strabismus surgery, as well as those with aesthetic indications. Considering the heterogeneity of clinical findings, these technical advancements provide a platform for customized surgical approaches to restore premorbid functional and aesthetic appearance. In this article, the authors review the customized rehabilitative approach for TED patients according to the literature, including general principles and special considerations.
Application of quality control circle in increasing face mask wearing rate of hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Objective To evaluate application effectiveness of quality control circle(QCC)in increasing the face mask wearing rate of hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)patients.Methods Nine nurses in department of tuberculosis formed a‘circle',the theme of‘improving the face mask wearing rate of hospitalized pulmonary TB patients' was established,rectification measures were formulated and implemented,face mask wearing rates of patients before and after implementing QCC activities were analyzed statistically.Results The face mask wearing rate of hospitalized pulmonary TB patients after implementing QCC activities was higher than that before implementing QCC activities(87.50% [147/168]vs 65.54%[116/177],P0.05). The abilities of every‘circle member'have been improved in the following aspects:problem-solving skills,sense of responsibility,communication skills,selfconfidence,team working,enthusiasm,quality-control techniques,and cooperation abilities,the total average score increased from23.78 before implementing QCC to 33.78 after implementing QCC.Conclusion QCC activities can not only improve the face mask wearing rate of hospitalized pulmonary TB patients,but also enhance circle members' quality-control skills and team spirit.
The Impact of Alternative Encoding Techniques on Field Programmable Gate Array Implementation of Sigma-Delta Modulated Ternary Finite Impulse Response Filters

Abstract This paper presents the design and synthesis of a single-bit ternary finite impulse response filter with balanced ternary coefficients (ie. -1, 0, +1) implemented in VHDL on small commercial field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). A comparison is made between implementations based on 2s complement, redundant binary signed digit (RBSD) and canonical signed digit (CSD) encoding techniques. Through simulation, the area and performance of an example filter are analysed using pipelined and non-pipelined modes for all three techniques. The simulation results show that, unlike in the equivalent multi-bit filters, CSD offers no advantages in single-bit sigma-delta modulated (∑ΔM) systems. Similarly, RBSD occupies twice the area and exhibits much poorer performance compared to a conventional 2s complement representation due to the small symbol size in single-bit systems. These results demonstrate that simple, short word length ∑ΔM filters will be useful in greatly reducing the number of general-purpose digital multipliers in general purpose digital signal processor applications using FPGA and especially ASIC.
Kalangwan: A Survey of old Javanese Literature

ments with regency, subdistrict, and village-level observations. At the national level, according to Ward, Golkar was a coalition of four major forces: the "functional groups" of the pre-election Golkar; the armed forces, in particular the Ministry of Defence and Security; the Interior Ministry; and a group of modernizing intellectuals associated with (then) Lt. Gen. Ali Murtopo, a close personal advisor of President Suharto. Each of these groups brought to the Golkar coalition a distinctive doctrinal contribution—from the old functional groups, the concept of karya, "work" or "function" designed to be the ideological cornerstone of a classless, conflictless society; from the armed forces, the doctrine of dwi-fungsi, the twin functions of providing security and active intervention in political life; from the Interior Ministry, the commitment to monoloyalitas, the exclusive loyalty of the civil servant to his government; and from the intellectuals, the idea of accelerated modernization, a conception of development based on technocratic and bureaucratic dominance of the political system. In East Java, Ward demonstrates, only two of these forces, the Ministry of Defence and Security and the Interior Ministry, played a role of any importance. Using both carrot and stick, promises of favored treatment after the election (civil servants in particular were given this message) and threats of personal and societal calamities should Golkar be defeated, these two parallel administrative structures reached down to the villages of East Java and decimated PNI, prevented Parmusi from filling Masyumi's shoes, and quietly saw to it that the once substantial Communist vote fell into line. The only party that did not succumb to the Golkar offensive in East Java was Nahdatul Ulama. Ward's discussion of NU, whose home base is in East Java, is perhaps the most stimulating and imaginative chapter in the book. Looked at from the pesantren (the Muslim educational complex that provides much of NU's leadership), Ward argues that the party's unsavory reputation for opportunism reflects not the greed or lust for power of its leaders, but rather a carefully workedout doctrine, with deep roots in Islamic tradition, whose purpose is to protect the community from the outside world. The major weakness of the study is in its several unrealized forays into more sophisticated analysis of the broader implications of the campaign for Indonesian politics and society. Distinctions between mask and face, red and green, urban and rural, and attempts at suggesting parallels with the colonial period or ancient Javanese patrimonialism pique the reader's curiosity but are dropped before they can be developed sufficiently to provide new insight. But the main theme is right on target.
Omnidirectional UWB Monopole Antenna With WLAN Notched-band Functionality

This paper introduces a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna having wireless local area network band rejection characteristics. The proposed antenna is composed of a lip-shaped radiation patch being fed by a 50 Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed line. The ground vertically continued to the two sides of the radiator. Thus, the substantial extra space adjacent to the radiator can be efficiently saved. The band rejection in the wireless local area networks (WLAN) (5.15-5.825GHz) is secured through etching the two symmetric C-shaped slots on ground plane to preclude interference between UWB and WLAN systems. The proposed antenna is of the size of 30×30×1.6 working within the range of 2.96 to 11.2 GHz with VSWR lower than 2 except in 5.15-5.825GHz band. Finally, the antenna is simulated and fabricated with nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, stable gain and constant group delay in the operating band.