Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Customer Orientation and Job Resources on Frontline Employees' Job Outcomes

Abstract In this study, a model examining the effects of customer orientation and job resources (supervisory support, training, empowerment, and rewards) on frontline employees' job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intentions is developed and tested. Data collected via self-administered questionnaires from a sample of 723 frontline hotel employees in Turkey serve as the study setting. Results show that customer orientation and job resources enhance frontline employees' job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment, and diminish their turnover intentions. Also, job satisfaction has a significant positive impact on affective organizational commitment and a negative effect on turnover intentions. Implications of the results are discussed and future research avenues are offered.
Negative Shift in the Glycine Reversal Potential Mediated by a Ca2+- and pH-Dependent Mechanism in Interneurons

Cartwheel cells are glycinergic auditory interneurons which fire Na+- and Ca2+-dependent spike bursts, termed complex spikes, and which synapse on both principal cells and one another. The reversal potential for glycine (Egly) can be hyperpolarizing or depolarizing in cartwheel cells, and many cells are even excited by glycine. We explored the role of spike activity in determining Egly in mouse cartwheel cells using gramicidin perforated-patch recording. Egly was found to shift toward more negative potentials after a period of complex spiking or Ca2+ spiking induced by depolarization, thus enhancing glycine's inhibitory effect for ∼30 s following cessation of spiking. Combined perforated patch electrophysiology and imaging studies showed that the negative Egly shift was triggered by a Ca2+-dependent intracellular acidification. The effect on Egly was likely caused by bicarbonate-Cl− exchanger-mediated reduction in intracellular Cl−, as H2DIDS and removal of HCO3−/CO2 inhibited the negative Egly shift. The outward Cl− flux underlying the negative shift in Egly opposed a positive shift triggered by passive Cl− redistribution during the depolarization. Thus, a Ca2+-dependent mechanism serves to maintain or enhance the strength of inhibition in the face of increased excitatory activity.
Are diets healthier when they contain branded foods

Purpose – Market trend data show a growing popularity of discount food stores and of cheaper food products as opposed to more expensive leading brands (LB). Unexpectedly little is known about how these economic food choices affect diet quality and/or health. The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in nutrient content and cost of daily food intake data modeled to contain food exclusively from either LB, generic brands (GB) or discount brands (DB). Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzed nutrition information of 430 food products that were selected based on dietary intake data from a sub-sample of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Data were collected in Dutch supermarkets, where information was copied from back-of-pack nutrition tables. Findings – Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the LB, GB or DB daily intake models in energy (kJ), protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fatty acids, fiber or added sugar contents. Ho.
Loss of antimicrobial effect of trisodium citrate due to 'lock' spillage from haemodialysis catheters.

BACKGROUND Due to its reported antimicrobial effects, hypertonic citrate (46.7%) is a widely used catheter lock solution, but following instillation, citrate inevitably spills into the systemic circulation. This process is mainly driven by hydraulic effects during instillation and density differences between blood and lock solution. Hence, in haemodialysis catheters, intra-luminal citrate concentration ranges from 0% (at the tip in catheters with side holes), 3% (between the side holes and the highest point of the catheter) to 46.7% (at the Luer end) with possible differences in antimicrobial effects. We investigated in vitro the antimicrobial effect of pure citrate 46.7%, citrate 46.7% diluted with saline and blood to a net concentration of 3% (=citrate 3%), and of citrate-free blood, simulating in vivo conditions in different catheter sections. METHODS Time-kill studies measuring the antimicrobial effect of citrate 46.7%, citrate 3% and citrate-free blood were performed with overnight cultures of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). RESULTS Citrate 46.7% reduced the number of E. coli by 2 log units but after 24 h, 10(6) CFU/mL were still present. Citrate 3% and citrate-free blood had no antimicrobial effect on E. coli. Citrate 46.7%, citrate 3% and citrate-free blood had scarce antimicrobial effect on S. aureus within 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Spillage of catheter lock solution leading to reduced intra-luminal citrate concentrations considerably reduces the antimicrobial effect of citrate 46.7% on E. coli. As none of the solutions tested had relevant antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, the antimicrobial effect of 46.7% citrate lock solution in vivo has to be seriously questioned.
Knowledge Breadth of MNC Subsidiaries and the Duration of Host-Country Firms’ Search

The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the speed at which knowledge flows from foreign to domestic firms. The focus is not on whether a knowledge spillover occurs, but on the time it takes to spread the MNC subsidiary knowledge in the local area. Filling the gap about spillover speed in International Business by means of the insights from Innovation Studies Ðspecifically, the literature on search and NK modelling-, we propose a conceptual model where the speed of local knowledge diffusion is influenced by subsidiariesO technology sourcing strategies. We then test our model using a database covering 1336 US patents from the semiconductors sector. We find that not only the breadth of the set of subsidiariesO knowledge sources slows down local knowledge diffusion, but that the delay is mainly related to the diversity of global and internal sources used by the subsidiary, hinting at strategies that MNCs can use to further protect their knowledge.
Strategies for reducing consumers’ risk aversion in Internet shopping

Using experimental design and conjoint analysis, this paper studies the risk perception of Singaporean consumers on Internet shopping, and tests the effectiveness of several risk‐reducing strategies that Internet marketers could use in promoting online shopping among consumers. The results show that Singaporean consumers with a higher degree of risk aversion than others tend to perceive Internet shopping to be a risky activity. However, Internet marketers could rely on using reference group appeal as the most preferred risk relievers for this group of consumers, particularly by getting expert users to endorse the products involved. In addition, the marketer’s reputation, the brand’s image, and specific warranty strategies are also effective risk relievers for the potential Internet shoppers.
A Full-Duplex Relay Based Hybrid Transmission Mechanism for the MIMO-Capable Cooperative Intelligent Transport System

The goal of the cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) is to provide a vehicular communication system that can enable quick, cost-effective means to distribute data in order to ensure safety, traffic efficiency, driver comfort, and so forth. The vehicular communication for C-ITS is composed of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. In V2I, signals from roadside units (RSUs) often have to propagate through large buildings in urban areas, which can cause signal loss due to shadowing effects. V2V can provide video streaming capabilities to enable enhanced C-ITS services, but communication among vehicles may suffer from network congestion. Therefore, we propose a hybrid transmission mechanism in this paper based on full-duplex relay vehicles for MIMO-capable C-ITS. We adopt the use of full-duplex relay vehicles to enhance the reliability of seamless video stream transmission in V2I. For congestion resolution in V2V communications, the MIMO transmission mode is adapted according to the traffic situation and an extra detour path is used to satisfy various QoS requirements of multipriority video data. Simulations are also carried out to show that our mechanism improves the network throughput of MIMO-capable C-ITS with video streaming capability.
Synergistic effects of malononitrilamides (FK778, FK779) with tacrolimus (FK506) in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat1

Background. The effects of tacrolimus (FK506) and malononitrilamides (MNA) (FK778 and FK779) monotherapy and combination therapy were examined in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing acute heart allograft rejection in the rat. Methods. Brown Norway (RT1n)-to-Lewis (RT11) and ACI (RT1a)-to-Lewis (RT11) combinations were used, respectively, for heart and kidney transplantation models. Immunosuppressants were administered orally from day 1 to day 14 for preventing acute rejection and from day 4 to day 34 after transplantation for the reversal of ongoing acute rejection. Results. In the prevention of acute heart rejection model, recipient rats treated with monotherapy of tacrolimus or MNA (FK778, FK779) showed a dose-related prolongation of mean survival time (MST) compared with naive control rats (P <0.01). The mean survival time in combination therapy of tacrolimus (FK506) and FK778 indicated that an additive to synergistic interaction was produced when compared with the respective monotherapies (combination index [CI]=0.631–1.022). These results were reproducible with tacrolimus and FK779 combination therapy (CI=0.572–0.846). Furthermore, similar results were also found in the prevention of acute kidney allograft rejection in the rat (CI=0.137–0.516). In the reversal of ongoing acute heart allograft rejection, combination therapy of tacrolimus and FK778 demonstrated a strong synergistic interaction (CI=0.166–0.970) compared with monotherapy of tacrolimus or FK778. Conclusions. Combination therapy of tacrolimus and MNA (FK778, FK779) produces synergistic effects in prevention of acute heart and kidney rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat.
Announcement Effect of Dividend on the Stock Price of Enlisted Companies in Developed Countries: A Comparative Study between London Stock Exchange & New York Stock Exchange

Stock market reactions in regards to positive, negative and constant dividend announcement have been empirically studied in financial literature. However, we have not seen any direct comparison between two large stock markets using the data from the same period. We have not seen many researches on these markets during recession period in regards to dividend announcement. In this study, data from New York and London Stock Exchange has been collected in order to demonstrate the effect of dividend announcement on share price or shareholders’ value. Companies enlisted on NASDAQ 100 and FTSE 100 have been used in order to represent NYSE and LSE market respectively. A recession period has been selected in this study on purpose to see whether there is any difference between results for normal economic period and economic recession. We have used 213 announcements from LSE while 189 dividend announcements from NYSE within 2006 to 2008 to demonstrate how market reacted to announcements. A standard and well accepted method has been used to analyze the data. We found out that market does not react at all to any dividend announcements for NYSE where as market reaction for LSE is different from what we have seen till date. A positive dividend announcement results in negative market reaction while a negative dividend announcement results in positive market reaction in London Stock Exchange. The purpose of this study was to figure out the market reaction to dividend announcement during recession period and therefore, rationales behind the results of this study have been left for further study.
Professional Expertise and Board Diversity

Boards of directors have received limited guidance about the types and diversity of professional expertise expected on corporate boards. This is because little is actually known about the expertise that exists on corporate boards. In this study, we categorize directors by 11 types of professional expertise and examine the diversity of professional expertise on corporate boards and implications for shareholder value. We find the most common types of professional expertise are business executives, accountants, bankers, scientists, lawyers and engineers. The primary determinants of professional expertise diversity are board size, industry and location, with certain types of professional expertise (academics, bankers, doctors, engineers and scientists) clustered in specific industries. Overall, we find no relationship between professional expertise diversity and firm value. However, we find evidence that shareholders benefit when firms limit their board diversity to a specific subset of professional expertise (lawyers, accountants, consultants, bankers and other CEOs). Our results suggest that further diversity beyond this subset is not in the best interests of shareholders.
An Electrophysiological Investigation of Preparatory Attentional Control in a Spatial Stroop Task

Top-down attentional control is required when subjects must attend to one of multiple conflicting stimulus features, such as in the Stroop task. Performance may be improved when such control is implemented in advance of stimulus presentation, yet few studies have examined this issue. Our investigation employed a spatial Stroop task with a manual response, allowing us to focus on the effects of preparatory attention on verbal processing when it is the less automatic attribute. A letter cue (P or W) presented for 2200 msec instructed subjects to respond on the basis of the position or meaning of a word (up, down, left, right) placed in an incongruent position relative to center. Event-related potentials recorded during pre- and poststimulus periods were analyzed as a function of reaction time to the target stimulus (fast vs. slow) in order to differentiate neural activity associated with more or less successful implementation of control. During the prestimulus period, fast responses to subsequent targets were associated with enhanced slow-wave activity over right frontal and bilateral central-parietal regions. During the poststimulus period, fast word trials were uniquely associated with an enhanced inferior temporal negativity (ITN) from 200 to 600 msec. More importantly, a correlation between frontal prestimulus activity and the poststimulus ITN suggested that frontal preparatory activity played a role in facilitating conceptual processing of the verbal stimulus when it arrived, providing an important link between preparatory attention and mechanisms that improve performance in the face of conflict.
International Competitiveness in Producer Services

This paper investigates the determinants of international competitiveness and specialisation in a group of producer service for a sample of OECD countries during the 1990s. We identified intermediate demand from the manufacturing sector as a strategic variable for international specialisation in producer services. Specialisation in manufacturing sectors that are large users of producer services contributes positively to the export of producer services. Spending in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has also a positive impact on the export of producer services. This supports those theories that emphasise the role of technology in trade performance.
Governing Carbon Mitigation and Climate Change within Local Councils: A Case Study of Adelaide, South Australia

There is growing concern about climate change impacts on local government areas. In Australia, the federal carbon tax (from 1 July 2012) will also increase costs for local councils. This paper evaluates what carbon mitigation (i.e. energy, water, and waste management) actions have been implemented by metropolitan Adelaide councils (n=14) and why (or why not). A survey of environmental officers profiled carbon mitigation actions, emissions auditing, and motives for emissions reduction by Adelaide councils. The main reasons for adopting carbon actions were a climate change plan, climate leadership, and cost savings. Internal council governance of climate change actions was also evaluated. A climate governance framework based on adaptive management, communication, and reflective practice (Nursey-Bray 2010) was applied to assess climate mitigation by Adelaide councils.
Pitch of tone bursts of changing frequency.

The pitch of tone bursts containing a linear change of frequency, either throughout 100% or for only a portion (5% and 25%) of the total burst duration, was studied. Pitch judgments for the tone bursts with the frequency change throughout the burst duration show that a single pitch can be assigned to the burst as long as the frequency change and duration are not too large. The single‐pitch character of such a glide deteriorates as the product of the burst duration and frequency change increases and seems to follow the change of spectra. For the bursts with short transitions, when the frequency change is not too large, the pitch assigned to the burst changes smoothly from the final to the initial frequency according to the delay of the transition onset. For larger frequency changes, bursts can be matched by either initial or final frequency, a case called separation, as distinguished from the more singular fusion. The change from fusion to separation corresponds to the change from spectra with one maximum .
Sources of Market Pioneer Advantages: The Case of Industrial Goods Industries

In a broad cross-section of industrial goods businesses, market pioneers tend to have substantially higher market shares than late entrants. A stronger product in relation to competitors’ products and certain industry characteristics help explain these pioneer share advantages. Though pioneering a new industrial market is not easy, the findings indicate that many pioneers develop important and sustainable competitive advantages.
Transition between nuclear and quark–gluon descriptions of hadrons and light nuclei

We provide a perspective on studies aimed at observing the transition between hadronic and quark–gluonic descriptions of reactions involving light nuclei. We begin by summarizing the results for relatively simple reactions such as the pion form factor and the neutral pion transition form factor as well as that for the nucleon and end with exclusive photoreactions in our simplest nuclei. A particular focus will be on reactions involving the deuteron. It is noted that a firm understanding of these issues is essential for unravelling important structure information from processes such as deeply virtual Compton scattering as well as deeply virtual meson production. The connection to exotic phenomena such as color transparency will be discussed. A number of outstanding challenges will require new experiments at modern facilities on the horizon as well as further theoretical developments.
Search for mycoplasma in rheumatoid arthritis.

Since the infectious rat polyarthritis strain belonging to mycoplasma (previously named PPLO) was isolated by Findlay, Mackenzie, Mac Callum, and Klieneberger (1939), several attempts have been made to study their possible role in arthritis in man. Most of the results have been discouraging (Sabin and Johnson, 1940; Barnett, Balduzzi, Vaughan, and Morgan, 1966), but a few positive findings were published in the early literature (Swift and Brown, 1939; Dienes, Ropes, Smith, Madoff, and Bauer, 1948; Butas, 1957; Kuzell and Mankle, 1960). In the 1960s, both Jonsson (1961) and Arai, Ishikawa, and Hotta (1964) isolated mycoplasma directly on cell-free media from patients with polyarthritis, but made no attempt to distinguish them from L-phase organisms. Bartholomew and Himes (1964) and Bartholomew (1965) obtained his isolations of mycoplasma from rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and Reiter's syndrome after preliminary passage in tissue cultures. Highton, Caughey, Berkley, and Middleston (1966) isolated mycoplasma in a case of rheumatoid arthritis with a later increasing rheumatoid factor titre and progressive disease. Fahlberg, Moor, Redmond, and Brewer (1966) obtained mycoplasma from synovial tissues or fluids in 22 of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Williams (1968) found a mycoplasma serologically related to Mycoplasmafermentans in 40 per cent. of ninety synovial fluids from cases of active rheumatoid arthritis. His control series consisted of 26 cases, mainly of osteoarthrosis. From this group five mycoplasmas were isloated, one isolate being related to M. fermentans. In order to separate mycoplasma from other materials present in the specimen, Williams (1968) used a sucrose density gradient. Using cell-free media, we obtained in 1964 two strains related to Mycoplasma hominis type 2 (at present named Mycoplasma arthritidis) from one synovium and one joint fluid from two patients with definite Waaler-Rose-positive rheumatoid arthritis. A third strain was isolated from a scalene lymph node from a patient with an 8-year history of collagen disease who 3 years later developed a fatal myeloid leukaemia. A few patients with rheumatoid arthritis possessed antibodies against one of the strains isolated (Jansson and Wager, 1965, 1967). Further studies are reported in this paper.
Initial Public Offerings and the Acquisition of Newly-Public Firms

Information asymmetries between buyers and sellers can create inefficiencies in M&A markets and prevent acquirers from gaining access to valuable resources and capabilities via acquisitions. Entrepreneurial firms face similar problems in raising external capital, due to the asymmetric information that separates them from prospective investors. In this paper, we bring together the strategy, financial economics, and entrepreneurship literatures and exploit the IPO context to examine the informational characteristics of newly-public entrepreneurial firms. We construct hazard models that offer strong evidence that certain IPO characteristics signal the value of entrepreneurial firms and thereby attract M&A suitors.
An Application of Strategic Family Therapy to a Residential Child and Family Psychiatry Service: Redbank House

This paper describes the application of strategic family therapy as the core treatment model in a teaching hospital child and family psychiatry service providing outpatient, daypatient and residential care. The admission of the whole family is seen as a desirable innovation in that it may prevent the process by which admission of the troubled child acts as reinforcement to, and a continuation of, family dysfunction.