Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonoperative Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are common in the setting of osteopenia and osteoporosis and can often be treated nonoperatively. There are few studies that evaluate the long-term outcomes of nonoperative treatment of these fractures. We performed a systematic review of the literature to examine the results of nonoperative treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Methods: The PubMed search engine and EMBASE database were used. Inclusion criteria were: 1) proximal humerus fractures resulting from trauma; 2) age older than 18 years; 3) more than 15 patients in the study; 4) greater than 1 year follow-up; 5) at least one relevant functional outcome score; and 6) a quality outcome score of at least a 5 of 10 according to previously published scoring system. Results: We identified 12 studies that included 650 patients with a mean age of 65.0 years (range, 51–75 years) and a mean follow-up of 45.7 months (range, 12–120 months). There were 317 one-part fractures, 165 two-part fractures, 137 three-part fractures, and 31 four-part fractures. The rate of radiographic union was 98% and the complication rate 13%. The average range of motion reported in five studies was 139° forward flexion, 48° external rotation, and 52° internal rotation. The average Constant score reported in six studies was 74 (range, 55–81). Varus malunion was the most common complication reported, whereas avascular necrosis was uncommon (13 cases). Conclusions: We conclude that our systematic review of the literature on the nonoperative treatment of proximal humerus fractures demonstrates high rates of radiographic healing, good functional outcomes, and a modest complication rate.
6 Respirometry and nutritional requirements of Zebu and dairy crossbred cattle at different levels of feeding and physiological status

Calorimetry is based on the laws of thermodynamics, in which "energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed" and "the amount of energy released or absorbed in a system does not depend on the paths taken during its transformation, but only on the energy contained in reagents and in the final products" (Lavoisier, 1780). In indirect calorimetry, also known as respirometry, the gaseous exchange between the organism and the environment are measured. Once the oxygen consumption (O2) and the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are known, the energy losses by gas and heat are calculated. The Calorimetry and Metabolism Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, was the first laboratory to build respirometry chambers in Latin America. Since 2009, experiments have been carried out to evaluate energy metabolism and methane production by ruminants. The results obtained are expressed in net energy (NE), which can be net energy for maintenance (NEm), net energy for lactation (NEl), net energy for weight gain (NEg) and net energy for pregnancy (NEpreg). Net energy is, in fact, what is used by the animal for maintenance and each productive function. The conversion factors of total digestible nutrients (TDN) into digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), the latter for every physiologic function or NE, are calculated. The values of k (conversion efficiency of ME into NE) for maintenance (km), milk production (kl), gain or growth (kg), and pregnancy (kpreg) are determined. OPEN-CIRCUIT RESPIROMETRY SYSTEM
DNA double-strand break repair defects in syndromes associated with acute radiation response: At least two different assays to predict intrinsic radiosensitivity?

Purpose: Human diseases associated with acute radiation responses are rare genetic disorders with common clinical and biological features including radiosensitivity, genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations, and frequently immunodeficiency. To determine what molecular assays are predictive of cellular radiosensitivity whatever the genes mutations, the existence of a quantitative correlation between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair defects was examined in a collection of 40 human fibroblasts representing 8 different syndromes. Materials and methods: A number of techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid assay and immunofluorescence with antibodies against MRE11, MDC1, 53BP1 and phosphorylated forms of H2AX, DNA-PK were applied systematically. Results and conclusions: Survival fraction at 2 Gy was found to be inversely proportional to the amount of unrepaired DSB, whatever the genes mutations and the assay applied. However, no single assay discriminates the full range of human radiosensitivity. Particularly, nuclear foci formed by the phosphorylation of H2AX do not predict well moderate radiosensitivities. Our findings suggest the existence of an ATM-dependent interplay between the activation of DNA-PK and MRE11. A classification of diseases according their cellular radiosensitivity, their molecular response to radiation and the functional assays permitting their evaluation is proposed.
Pathological and Clinicopathological Studies on aflatoxicosis in Broilers

This study has been carried out to highlight the effects of aflatoxin on pathological and clinicopathological picture in broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on a number of 50 Arber Acers broiler chicks of one day old, classified into 2groups each 25 chickens. The 1 st group was kept as a control, the 2 nd group was fed 2 ppm aflatoxin contaminated ration, from the first day of age till 6 weeks. At 2 nd , 4 th and 6 th weeks of experiment, 8birds of each group were sacrificed and samples of blood and serum were collected for hematological and biochemical investigations. Tissue specimens from different organs were collected for histopathological examinations. As aflatoxins is mainly hepatotoxic, histopathological examination of liver showed Kupffer cells activation, hepatocellular vacuolations, focal hepatic hemorrhages, multifocal hepatic necrosis associated with mononuclear cells infiltration, portal infiltration with heterophilis, portal connective tissue proliferations associated with hyper activation and hyperplasia of epithelial lining the bile ducts. Atrophied some renal tubules was noticed in examined kidneys. Bursa of Fabricius showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletion especially in the medullary portion of lymphoid follicles. Spleen revealed lymphocytic depletion in white pulp as well as reticular cells hyperplasia. Thymus of chickens showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletions as well as focal thymic hemorrhage. The pathological changes increase in correlation with prolonged administration of toxins. Serum biochemical results confirmed hepatotoxic
The effects of piracetam upon visual event-related potentials in dyslexic children.

Twenty-nine dyslexic children (mean age 10 yrs) were randomly assigned to piracetam (3.3 gr/d) or matching placebo in a 36-week double-Mind study. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained at the end of treatment from a vigilance paradigm which required a response to letter-matches or form-matches. The drug group showed a significant advantage in letter-bits compared with placebo, and a reduced variance in reaction time. The drug increased the amplitude of three factors from a principal components analysis of ERPs, and was interpreted as increasing a processing negativity when stimuli were letters. Effects upon the prestimulus baseline for letter-hits were interpreted as faster termination of a CNV under drug for letter-pairs. Latency of early N100 components were faster under drug, suggesting improved feature analysis. It is concluded that piracetam enhances feature analysis and increases attentional resources among dyslexics when the stimuli are recognized as having linguistic significance.
Effect of perfusion on exercised muscle: MR imaging evaluation

An ischemic clamp model of exercise was used to evaluate the potential role of blood flow in mediating changes in the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of skeletal muscle. Proton relaxation times of muscle were serially estimated in 10 healthy subjects (a) before exercise, (b) after exercise in the presence of vascular occlusion (VO1), (c) during vascular reocclusion after 1 minute of reperfusion (VO2), and (d) after reinstitution of continuous flow. T1 and T2 of active muscles were increased during VO1. During VO2, there were additional increases in relaxation times of active muscles. Reinstitution of continuous flow was associated with a continuous decrease in the T2 of exercised muscle. Hence, blood flow was not required for increases in T1 and T2 with exercise. Additional relaxation time increases occurred after a brief period of reperfusion; however, continuous flow was associated with a decrease in T2.
Mutations and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in a Multicenter Study on Lung Cancer 1

Biomarker data may provide a way to strengthen the link between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and lung cancer shown in epidemiological studies. We conducted a multicenter case-control study to investigate the association between ETS exposure and lung cancer in never-smokers usingp53 mutations as a biomarker of tobacco-related carcinogenesis. Paraffin-embedded tissue or fresh tissue samples from 91 never-smokers and 66 smokers with histologically confirmed lung cancer and interview data about smoking habits and ETS exposure were analyzed for mutations in the p53 gene. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. Among the lifelong nonsmokers, the overall mutation prevalence was 10% (nine cases). Among 48 neversmokers ever exposed to spousal ETS, 13% (six cases) showed mutations. Smokers exhibited 17 (26%) mutations. A 3-fold [odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–7.2] increased risk ofp53 mutation was observed for smokers as compared with all never-smokers combined (i.e., irrespective of ETS exposure). The increase was 4.4-fold (95% CI, 1.2– 16.2) when compared with never-smokers without ETS exposure. Among never-smokers, the risk of mutation was doubled (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.5–8.7) for exposure to spousal ETS only, based on 6 exposed cases with mutation and 42 exposed cases without mutation. The risk was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.2–8.8) for those ever exposed to spousal or workplace ETS as compared with those never exposed to spousal or workplace ETS. For smokers, the most common mutation type was G:C to T:A transversion (31%), whereas G:C to A:T transitions were predominant among never smokers (57%). In conclusion, our study indicates a significant 3–4-fold increased risk of p53 mutation in smoking lung cancer cases, and it suggests that mechanisms of lung carcinogenesis in ETS-exposed neversmokers include mutations in thep53gene, similar to that seen in smokers. However, the mutation patterns observed also suggest a difference between smokers and never-smokers. Clearly, additional investigations of the role of p53 mutation as a biomarker for tobacco-related carcinogenesis, including that related to ETS, are indicated.
Progressive Evaluation of Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Fresh Rat Ovarian Autografts Under Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

This study evaluated the remote ischemic preconditioning (R-IPC) early and late repercussion on fresh ovarian transplants, aiming to assess a probable protective effect in ovarian follicular pool. Sixty Wistar EPM-1 rats were used, divided in 2 study groups: ovarian transplantation (Tx) and Tx + R-IPC, submitted to ovary transplant with or without R-IPC, respectively. These groups were subdivided according to the date for euthanasia: 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days of the postoperatory period. Morphology, morphometry, neoangiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), proliferative activity (Ki-67), and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated. Remote ischemic preconditioning was performed in the common iliac artery. Fresh autologous ovarian tissue was implanted integrally in the retroperitoneum. All animals showed resumption of estrous phase after ovary transplantation. Remote ischemic preconditioning attenuated the lesions progressively from the 7th day, with greater number of the immature follicles (14 days, P < .05), but didn’t affect mature follicles and corpora lutea (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analyzes, taken as a whole, show that R-IPC benefic effect is more evident in the later periods of evaluation, when a greater proliferative activity (14, 21, and 30 days, P < .05) and lesser cell apoptotic activity (21 and 30 days, P < .05). The VEGF expression was similar in all times (P > .05). Remote ischemic preconditioning could have a benefic effect in the progressive evaluation of freshly grafted ovarian, especially on the latest phases of the posttransplant period. The 14th day was a landmark in the recuperation of the graft. Further investigations are necessary to determine the role of R-IPC in this scenario and its effect in frozen-thawed ovarian tissue.
Methane intestinal production and poor metabolic control in type I diabetes complicated by autonomic neuropathy.

AIM At the state of art it's unknown the correlation between diabetes and lower gastrointestinal disorders. Some studies show a significantly higher prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with type I diabetes in particular complicated by autonomic neuropathy. No data exists about gastrointestinal methane production in patients with diabetes and autonomic diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the correlation of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and gastrointestinal methane production with metabolic control and daily insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes and. autonomic diabetic neuropathy. METHODS Thirty subjects with type 1 diabetes and autonomic diabetic neuropathy were underwent hydrogen and methane lactulose breath test (LBT) to evaluate the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (double peak of hydrogen) and methane production. The metabolic control was evaluated through the glycated hemoglobin and the daily insulin requirement (calculated as ratio between total insulin units in a day and body weight). Methane producers were treated with metronidazole (500 mg bid for 10 days) and perform a LBT 8 weeks after the end of therapy RESULTS Eight over thirty patients (26.6%) met the diagnostic criteria for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. 11/30 patients (36%) were methane-producers (mean baseline value 16.37 ± 13.01 ppm; mean peak 26.62 ± 11.41 ppm); interestingly this subset of patients showed a worse glycemic control (mean HbA1c 8.16 ± 0.9% vs. 7.49 ± 0.8%, P<0.05). After metronidazole therapy 7/11 (63.3%) reduced CH4 production and they showed a mean HbA1c significantly lower than corresponding value before antibiotic therapy (7.63 ± 0.7% vs. 8.25 ± 0.8%). CONCLUSION Our study showed for the first time a possible role of CH4 production in metabolic control. In particular, the most interesting data is that an increased values of HbA1c seems to be related to a gut CH4 production as confirmed by its significant improvement after eradication therapy. We are not yet able to determine whether poor glycemic control is the cause or the consequence of the selection of methanogenic flora.
Non‐encapsulated strains reveal novel insights in invasion and survival of Streptococcus suis in epithelial cells

Streptococcus suis is a porcine and human pathogen causing invasive diseases, such as meningitis or septicaemia. Host cell interactions of S. suis have been studied mainly with serotype 2 strains, but multiple capsular serotypes as well as non‐typeable strains exist with diverse virulence features. At present, S. suis is considered an extracellular pathogen. However, whether or not it can also invade host cells is a matter of controversial discussions. We have assessed adherence and invasion of S. suis for HEp‐2 epithelial cells by comparing 10 serotype 2 strains and four non‐typeable (NT) strains. Only the NT strains and a non‐encapsulated serotype 2 mutant strain, but none of the serotype 2 strains, adhered strongly and were invasive. Invasion seemed to be affected by environmental signals, as suggested from comparison of strains grown in different media. Further phenotypic and genotypic characterization revealed a high diversity among the different strains. Electron microscopic analysis of invasion of selected invasive NT strains indicated different uptake mechanisms. One strain induced large invaginations comparable to those seen in ‘caveolae’ mediated uptake, whereas invasion of the other strains was accompanied by formation of filipodia‐like membrane protrusions. Invasion of all strains, however, was similarly susceptible to hypertonic sucrose, which inhibits receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Irrespective of the uptake pathway, streptococci resided in acidified phago‐lysosome like vacuoles. All strains, except one, survived intracellularly as well as extracellular acidic conditions. Survival seemed to be associated with the AdiS protein, an environmentally regulated arginine deiminase of S. suis. Concluding, invasion and survival of NT strains of S. suis in epithelial cells revealed novel evidence that S. suis exhibits a broad variety of virulence‐associated features depending on genetic variation and regulation.
Repellence Activity of Plant Oils against Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum ( Herbst ) ( Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae ) in Wheat Hina

The present studies were carried out on the repellence activity of plant oils against Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in wheat. The four plant oils i.e., Mustard oil (Brassica campestris), Coconut oil (Cocus nucifera), Sesame oil (Sesamum indicum) and Rocket seed oil (Eurica sativa) were used for the grains treatment. It was observed that plant edible oils effected on developmental stages of red flour beetle that was responsible for causing heavy damage and weight losses to the grains of wheat. However, among oils, the Rocket seed oil, statistically gave better results for pest control when compared with other oils and check grain. The overall results presented showed that the minimum adult emergence of Red flour beetle was recorded in Rocket seed oil followed by Mustard oil, Coconut oil and Sesame oil, whereas, the maximum adult emergence observed in control treatment. Similarly, the minimum pest’s fecundity was recorded in Rocket seed oil followed by mustard oil, coconut oil and sesame oil. On the other hand, the maximum fecundity was observed in control treatment of grain. The minimum grain’s weight loss was seen in Rocket seed oil at its application rate of 0.25 ml per sample. On the other hand, the maximum weight loss was recorded in the control. However, sesame oil was the least effective in protecting grains followed by coconut oil. The data showed that the maximum temperature was recorded on the 3 rd week of September, 2008 during experimentation. However, the minimum temperature was recorded on 4 th week of November of the study year. Similarly, the maximum humidity was recorded on the 2 nd week of August, whereas, the minimum humidity recorded during 2 nd week of October. This suggests that the multiplication of red flour beetle T. castaneum in the months of August and September was faster when humidity and temperature were higher.
Type IV pili: e pluribus unum?

The widespread role of pili as colonization factors in pathogens has long been recognized in Gram‐negative bacteria and more recently in Gram‐positive bacteria, making the study of these hair‐like filaments a perennial hot topic for research. No other pili are found in as many or as diverse bacteria as type IV pili. This is likely a consequence of their ancient origin and unique ability to promote multiple and strikingly different phenotypes such as attachment to surfaces, aggregation, uptake of DNA during transformation, motility, etc. Two decades of investigations in several model species have shed some light on the structure of these filaments and the molecular basis of some of the properties they confer. Moreover, recent discoveries have led to a better knowledge of the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of type IV pili biogenesis. This brings us a few steps closer to understanding how these filaments are produced, but leaves us wondering whether (as in the famous motto that inspired the title) out of the many models studied will emerge one unifying mechanism.
Variation in the Efficacy of Several Predator Gut Content Immunoassays

Abstract Five different immunoassay formats were examined for their ability to detect a minute quantity of prey remains in predator guts. The convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, that had consumed either one or five pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), eggs was evaluated by the following immunoassays: three variations of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a dot blot, and a Western blot. Sandwich ELISA, dot blot, and Western blot were the most sensitive immunoassays based on the proportion of individual predators scoring positive for prey remains. The direct ELISA and indirect ELISA were ineffective at detecting prey in the predators. The advantages and disadvantages of each immunoassay format are discussed.
Benzyl 5-ferrocenyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-pyrazoline-1-dithiocarboxylate

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C23H21N2S2)], the cyclopentadienyl rings of the ferrocenyl unit deviate slightly from the eclipsed form. In the pyrazoline ring, the N atom bonded to S-benzyl dithiocarbazate exhibits unconventional sp 2-hybrid character in order to form an extended conjugated system. The pyrazoline ring displays an envelope conformation. The molecules are linked into chains along the b axis via C—H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Changes in Microcirculation in Venous Ulcers with Essaven Gel

Microcirculatory changes in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) due to venous hypertension produce venous hypertensive microangiopathy (VHM) and lead to ulceration. VHM is charac terized by enlarged, convoluted capillaries; increase in flux, permeability, and edema; and altered microlymphatics. PO2 is decreased and CO2 increased. Capillary exchanges are altered and nutritional alterations in association with microtrauma may cause venous ulcers. The aim of this pilot, cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of local treatment with Essaven gel (EG) (single acute application) in 10 subjects with VHM and venous ulcers. The study was structured over 3 days: day 1 was used for the control evalua tion for all patients. One group was randomized for the sequence placebo (day 2) and EG the following day; the second group with the sequence EG (day 2) and placebo (day 3). Indepen dently from the sequence, measurements of flux and PO2 in standard conditions showed positive changes (significant decrease of the abnormally increased flux, PO2 increase) in the EG treatment group. Changes in the placebo group were limited and associated with skin manip ulation. In conclusion, EG acutely improves microcirculation in limbs with VHM and ulceration even with a single application.
Deranged Concentrations of Water-Soluble Vitamins in the Blood of Undialyzed and Dialyzed Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Blood concentration of water-soluble vitamins were measured in patients with mild chronic renal insufficiency, uremic undialyzed and dialyzed patients and control subjects. The whole blood concentration of B1 was significantly lower in dialyzed patients. Plasma levels of B2 were elevated in uremic and dialyzed patients and plasma B6 was significantly increased in dialyzed patients. Serum levels of B12 and folic acid were elevated in uremic and dialyzed patients. The results of this study differ from those reported from Europe and the U.S.A. These geographical differences may arise primarily from differences in staple food, vegetable intake, and traditional methods of food preparation.