Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRB 090313 AND THE ORIGIN OF OPTICAL PEAKS IN GAMMA-RAY BURST LIGHT CURVES: IMPLICATIONS FOR LORENTZ FACTORS AND RADIO FLARES

We use a sample of 19 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that exhibit single-peaked optical light curves to test the standard fireball model by investigating the relationship between the time of the onset of the afterglow and the temporal rising index. Our sample includes GRBs and X-ray flashes for which we derive a wide range of initial Lorentz factors (40 < Γ < 450). Using plausible model parameters, the typical frequency of the forward shock is expected to lie close to the optical band; within this low typical frequency framework, we use the optical data to constrain ϵe and show that values derived from the early time light-curve properties are consistent with published typical values derived from other afterglow studies. We produce expected radio light curves by predicting the temporal evolution of the expected radio emission from forward and reverse shock components, including synchrotron self-absorption effects at early time. Although a number of GRBs in this sample do not have published radio measurements, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the case of Swift GRB 090313, for which millimetric and centimetric observations were available, and conclude that future detections of reverse-shock radio flares with new radio facilities such as the EVLA and ALMA will test the low-frequency model and provide constraints on magnetic models.
Influence of Varied Plant Density on Growth, Yield and Economic Return of Drip Irrigated Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Faba bean frequently alter the structure and size of their canopy as a consequence of environmental factors. This peculiarity has been taken into account to handle the little information regarding how growth and yield of faba bean respond to significant changes in plant density and how these changes affect yield potential and economic return. The seeds of two faba bean varieties (Giza 716 and Giza 843) were cultivated around the emitters of a drip irrigation system at five densities (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 plants dripper-1). The results showed that the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, total dry weight per plant and leaf area per plant gradually increased with increasing plant density up to 8 plants dripper-1 and significantly decreased with 10 and 12 plants dripper; however, increasing plant density increased the plant height and decreased the number of branches per plant. The highest leaf area duration and leaf area index were found at 8 plants dripper-1, while the lowest were found at 4 plants dripper-1. While yield components of individual plants tend to significantly decrease with increased plant density, seed yield per hectare significantly increased with increasing plant density up to 8 plants dripper-1 and slightly decreased with 10 and 12 plants dripper-1. Crop production functions with respect to the number of plants per dripper versus all the attributes measured exhibited strong quadratic relationships with the exception of the yield components of individual plants, which exhibited a strong linear relationship. Seed yield per hectare showed a strong relationship with crop growth and vegetative growth parameters but not with the yield components of individual plants. Finally, when the plant densities were converted to seeding rates, simulations indicated that 118.0 (6 plants dripper-1) and 118.8 kg ha-1 (8 plants dripper-1) for branched (Giza 716 ) and non-branched (Giza 843) varieties, respectively, were adequate to lower seed cost without reducing net profit
Fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue of indigenous Polish geese breeds

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the fatty acid profile in lipids of breast and leg muscles as well as in adipose tissue of 24-week-old Rypinska (n=20) and Garbonosa (n=20) geese from unique indigenous conservation flocks, maintained using the in situ method at the Research Station of Waterfowl Genetic Resources in Dworzyska, belonging to the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Krakow, Poland. The geese from both flocks were fed ad libitum by the same complete feed: until the 6th week of age which contained: 19.0 % crude protein, 4.0 % crude fat, 3.5 % fibre and up to 12.0 MJ metabolisable energy, and later – from the 7th to the 24th week of age up to 17.0 % crude protein, 3.0 % crude fat, 5.0 % crude fibre and 11.3 MJ metabolisable energy per 1.0 kg of feed. On the basis of carried experiment it was stated, that the lipids of breast muscles of Garbonosa geese contained less saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (without C 14:0) and more the C 20:4 n-6 (6.96 % vs. 6.36 %), C 20:5 n-3 – eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1.16 % vs. 1.10 %), C 22:4 n-6 (0.69 % vs. 0.64 %) and C 22:6 n-3 – docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.44 % vs. 0.38 %) than in Rypinska, whereas in lipids of leg muscles of Rypinska there was a higher level of C 14:0 (0.53 % vs. 0.50 %), C 18:1 cis-9 (37.64 % vs. 37.33 %), C 18:2 n-6 (16.26 % vs. 15.97 %) and α C 18:3 n-3 (0.83 % vs. 0.80 %) and lower of C 20:4 n-6 (7.63 % vs. 7.79 %) as well as C 20:5 n-3 – EPA (1.49 % vs 1.51 %) compared to the Garbonosa geese flock. The higher concentration of C 14:0, C 16:0, C 16:1 trans-9, α C 18:3 n-3, and lower concentration (P≤0.01) of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in both flocks was found out in lipids of breast than leg muscles. The adipose tissue of Rypinska was characterised by higher (P≤0.01) content of C 14:0 (by 0.12 %), C 16:0 (by 1.75 %), C 16:1 cis-9 (by 0.78 %) and lower (P≤0.01) content of C 18:1 cis -9 (by 2.8 %), C 18:2 n-6 (by 1.48 %) and C 20:4 n-6 (by 0.19 %) compared to Garbonosa geese.
Periodic Single-Blade Loads on Propellers in Tangential and Longitudinal Wakes,

Abstract : Periodic single-blade loads were measured on model propellers in inclined flow and in a single-cycle circumferentially non-uniform longitudinal velocity field. The experimental results were correlated with predictions by the following methods: (1) A quasi-steady procedure developed by McCarthy at David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC), (2) An unsteady lifting surface theory developed by Tsakonas and his colleagues at Davidson Laboratory, (3) An unsteady lifting surface theory developed by Kerwin and Lee at MIT, and (4) A refinement by Kerwin to the method of Kerwin and Lee to consider the inclination of the propeller slipstream. In inclined flow, all four of the calculation methods evaluated consistently underpredicted the experimental values of the periodic single-blade loads. The method of Kerwin, which considers the inclination of the slipstream relative to the propeller axis, produced the best correlation with experimental values. These correlations show that the inclination of the propeller slipstream relative to the propeller axis significantly influence the periodic signle-blade loads. The importance of this inclination increases with increasing time-average loading.
Selectivity of multifilament trammel and gillnets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) in Lake Marmara

This study was aimed to estimate the selectivity properties of multifilament trammel and gillnets for common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) in Marmara Lake in Manisa, Turkey. Trammel and gillnets of 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm stretched mesh size and 210 d/2 no twine thickness were tested in the Marmara Lake. In addition, selectivity parameter of 11, 12, 13 and 14 cm mesh size of trammel and gillnets were modelled. SELECT method was used to estimate the selectivity parameters. Experiments were carried out monthly in the three different stations identified eastern, middle and western areas which represent longitudinal length of the lake. A total of 36 trials were conducted both nets. A total of 119 common carps were caught ranges between 11.3 - 49.0 cm total lengths. According to the Bi- normal model, which gave the lowest deviance for both trammel and gillnets, selectivity curves were estimated for 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 cm stretched mesh size modelled lengths as 12.98, 19.47, 25.96, 32.45, 35.70, 38.94, 42.19 and 45.43 cm for trammel nets, 12.40, 18.60, 24.80, 31.00, 34.10, 37.20, 40.30 and 43.40 cm for gillnets, respectively. When considering minimum landing size (40 cm total length), it is recommended that both nets under 13 cm mesh size should be prohibited for common carp fishery in the Lake Marmara. Keywords: Trammel net, gillnets, common carp Cyprinus carpio, size selectivity, Lake Marmara
EBSD in Antarctic and Greenland Ice

EBSD provides information for the characterization of subgrain boundary types and dislocation activity during deformation. EBSD microstructure in combination with light microscopy measurements from ice core material from Antarctica (EPICA-DML deep ice core) and Greenland (NEEM deep ice core) are presented and interpreted regarding substructure identification and characterization. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses suggest that a large portion of edge dislocations with slip systems basal gliding on the basal plane were involved in forming subgrain boundaries. However, an almost equal number of tilt subgrain boundaries developed, involving dislocations gliding on non basal planes (prism or prism slip). A few subgrain boundaries involving prism edge dislocation glide, as well as boundaries involving basal twist dislocations, were also identified. The finding that subgrain boundaries occur, made up of dislocations gliding on non-basal planes, are as frequent as basal plane slip systems, is surprising. These findings are expected to have an impact on the discussion of rate-controlling processes for the ice flow descriptions of large ice masses with respect to sea-level evolution. For subgrain boundaries not related to the crystallography of the host grain alternative formation processes are discussed.
The Organizational Voice

Research on crisis communication has mainly focused on verbal aspects of organizational responses. However, the nonverbal cues of the organizational spokesperson communicating about the crisis may also influence stakeholders’ perceptions. This study examines the impact of two vocal cues, voice pitch and speech rate. In addition, the study examines how these cues affect perceptions of organizations depending on the message’s verbal content. A 2 (voice pitch: low vs. high) × 2 (speech rate: slow vs. fast) × 2 (crisis response strategy: deny vs. rebuild) between-subjects experimental design was conducted. Results show that voice pitch and speech rate affected postcrisis reputation. However, these vocal cues affected perceptions only when the organization applied a rebuild strategy (i.e., apology) and not in the case of a deny strategy. This interaction between verbal and vocal cues was partly mediated by vocal attractiveness.
LIFE TABLE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PARASITOID THRIPOBIUS SEMILUTEUS AND ITS HOST GREENHOUSE THRIPS

Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouche) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) damage citrus, avocados and ornamental plants in New Zealand. A larval parasitoid, Thripobius semiluteus Boucek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been imported into quarantine from California. Preimaginal development times varied considerably between T. semiluteus and its host greenhouse thrips at 23°C, with times of 21.7 days and 37.7 days respectively. T. semiluteus adults survived an average of 2.9 days and laid an average of 20.3 eggs per female with most being laid on the second day. T. semiluteus has a lower net reproductive rate than greenhouse thrips (13.9 and 44.7 respectively) although the faster generation time of T. semiluteus results in a higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.1101 and 0.0526 respectively). These results suggest that T. semiluteus has the potential to reduce population levels of greenhouse thrips if released into New Zealand.
Comparing HARPS and Kepler surveys The alignment of multiple-planet systems

Context. The recent results of the HARPS and Kepler surveys provided us with a bounty of extrasolar systems. While the two teams extensively analyzed each of their data-sets, little work has been done comparing the two. Aims. We study a subset of the planetary population whose characterization is simultaneously within reach of both instruments. We compare the statistical properties of planets in systems with m sini > 5−10 M⊕ and R > 2R⊕, as inferred from the HARPS and Kepler surveys, respectively. If we assume that the underlying population has the same characteristics, the different detection sensitivity to the orbital inclination relative to the line of sight allows us to probe the planets’ mutual inclination. Methods. We considered the frequency of systems with one, two, and three planets as dictated by HARPS data. We used Kepler’s planetary period and host mass and radius distributions (corrected from detection bias) to model planetary systems in a simple, yet physically plausible way. We then varied the mutual inclination between planets in a system according to different prescriptions (completely aligned, Rayleigh distributions, and isotropic) and compared the transit frequencies with one, two, or three planets with those measured by Kepler. Results. The results show that the two datasets are compatible, a remarkable result especially because there are no tunable knobs other than the assumed inclination distribution. For m sini cutoffs of 7–10 M⊕, which are those expected to correspond to the radius cutoff of 2R⊕, we conclude that the results are better described by a Rayleigh distribution with a mode of 1 ◦ or smaller. We show that the best-fit scenario only becomes a Rayleigh distribution with a mode of 5 ◦ if we assume a quite extreme mass-radius relationship for the planetary population. Conclusions. These results have important consequences for our understanding of the role of several proposed formation and evolution mechanisms. They confirm that planets are likely to have been formed in a disk and show that most planetary systems evolve quietly without strong angular momentum exchanges such as those produced by Kozai mechanism or planet scattering.
Costs of Civil War and Fragile States

Civil conflicts are an important concern for development, yet it is only relatively recently that economists have developed a substantive body of research on them and the research that exists is mainly on the determinants of conflict. This paper provides an analysis of the costs of conflict for the countries that are most affected by it, namely low income and fragile countries in Africa. It provides an analysis of the impact of conflict on economic growth, distinguishing different fragile and non fragile states and finding that there are significant differences, with fragile countries most affected. It also considers the potential spillover effects of conflict, that can further impact upon fragile states and investigates the impact of conflict on other development indicators. November 2016
Asset Allocation or Active Management ? Evidence from Israeli Provident Funds

Most of the studies on asset allocation put policy at the forefront of their studies, claiming that it is the most important factor contributing to returns. They usually ignore the fact that even in the absence of a long- term perspective; funds can still achieve returns by simply putting money in the capital markets. In this paper, we used 15 years of monthly data for the Israeli provident funds to assess the relative importance of capital market movements and asset allocation policy separately against the timing and selection abilities of fund managers. We found that, according to time-series analysis, total market movements, which account for more than 70% of total returns, predominantly influence returns and the incremental contribution of policy above the market is only 17%. Moreover, policy explains less than half of the variations in excess market returns. Indeed, policy is no better than active management in explaining variations in returns both across time and between funds. Remarkably, security selection dictates both the return level and the variation in returns from active management (53% in cross sectional analysis), while the influence of timing is found negligible (below 10% on average).
The Greek-Turkish Arms Race Using Artificial Neural Networks

The aim of this paper is to forecast the pressure due to this arms race between Greece and Turkey exercised on the economy of the former. This forecast, established on the basis of the most appropriate explanatory variables, will provide the opportunity to comment on the nature and relative importance of the explanatory variables that determine the burden of this arms race on the Greek economy, as this is approximated by either the military debt of the country or the defence share of GDP. The method of analysis used is that of Artificial Neural Networks, which has been considered preferable to the conventional estimation methods for the purposes of the present analysis for reasons analyzed later on in this paper.
Spatial and temporal distribution of brachyuran crab larvae in Ibiraquera Lagoon , southern Brazil

This study investigated the abundance and composition of brachyuran crab larvae in the four subsystems of Ibiraquera Lagoon throughout the year. A colder and drier period was detected, contrasting with warm months during which salinity varied depending on rainfall and whether the sand bar was open or closed. The mean density of brachyuran zoeae was 540 ± 96 (SE) larvae ∙ 100 m -3 . Mean density was significantly (p<0.05) higher in three subsystems during April. Saco Lagoon (the outer subsystem) exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) mean density in July, August, October, November and December 2004. Larvae from the families Portunidae, Menippidae, Panopeidae, Ocypodidae and Varunidae were found in Ibiraquera Lagoon. Neohelice granulata Dana, 1851 was the most abundant species. The high abundance of initial stage larvae showed the importance of Ibiraquera Lagoon as a nursery ground for
Well-aligned IrO 2 nanocrystals

We review the results of synthesis of well-aligned IrO2 nanocrystals (NCs) on sapphire (SA), LiNbO3 (LNO), LiTaO3 (LTO) substrates via reactive magnetron sputtering and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The surface morphology and structural properties of the as-deposited NCs were characterized. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs reveal that NCs grown on SA(100)/LNO(100) are vertically aligned, while the NCs on SA(012)/LTO(012) and SA(110) contain singly and doubly tilted alignments, respectively, with a tilt angle of ∼ 35° from the normal to the substrates. NCs grown on SA(001) show in-plane alignment with mosaic structure. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the NCs are (001), (101), and (100) oriented on SA(100)/LNO(100), SA(012)/LTO(012)/SA(110), and SA(001) substrates, respectively. A strong substrate effect on the alignment of the IrO2 NCs deposition has been demonstrated. The roles of different substrates in the formation of various textures of nanocrystalline IrO2 are studied and the possible mechanisms have been discussed.
The Seasonality of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Although the incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia, has decreased over the last decade, it is still a significant health problem. This study tests the hypotheses that there are relationships between climate variables (maximum, mean, and minimum temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) and this disease in the Asir Region. Temperature was the most important factor associated with CL cases in all Asir and in the highlands of Asir during the summer and beginning of autumn. If the maximum temperature in the previous 2 to 4 months was elevated, there were more cases (P<0.001). Rainfall also plays a role in CL transmission in the lowlands of Asir. There were more cases of CL if rainfall was elevated in the previous 1 to 3 months (P<0.05). Based on these findings and an understanding of how CL disease is affected by climate, it should be possible to design an early warning system using the weather to predict the incidence. Therefore, the results of this study have important implications for policies to reduce this disease in the region.
Influence of Different Root Canal-Filling Materials on the Mechanical Properties of Filled Roots: an in vitro

The aim of this study was to analyze two filling materials (Resilon and Thermafil) and to evaluate their contribution to fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Thirty-two single rooted teeth stored in saline solution at 4oC were used on this study. The teeth were randomly assigned into four groups: Group 1 (n=10), obturation with Thermafil ; Group 2 (n= 8), obturation with RealSeal 1 TM ; Group 3 (n= 7), instrumented but not filled (positive control); Group 4 (n=7), specimens not instrumented and not obturated (negative control). The teeth were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin using a robot and the resistance to fracture was evaluated using a universal testing machine (Autograph). Statistical analysis was performed to determine significance differences (α = 0.05). Results: The present study showed that none of the rooth canal filling material could increase to fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. According to a Kruskal-Wallis test, there were statistically significant differences (α= 0.05), regarding the type of fracture (p= 0.031). There were more oblique fractures in the negative control group and more vertical fractures in the positive control group.
SCIAMACHY: Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes

Abstract SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth’s atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240–2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2–1.5 nm, λ/Δλ ≈ 1000–10 000). SCIAMACHY will measure the earthshine radiance in limb and nadir viewing geometries and solar or lunar light transmitted through the atmosphere observed in occultation. The extraterrestrial solar irradiance and lunar radiance will be determined from observations of the sun and the moon above the atmosphere. The absorption, reflection, and scattering behavior of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface is determined from comparison of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance. Inversion of the ratio of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance yields information about the amounts and distribution of important atmospheric constituents and the spectral reflecta.
The role of tropical Atlantic SST anomalies in modulating western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis

The connection between north tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP) and associated physical mechanisms are investigated in this study. We demonstrate a remarkable negative correlation of WNP TC genesis frequency with the (preceding) boreal spring NTA SST anomalies. Our analysis suggests that major factors for TC genesis including distributions of large‐scale vorticity and midtropospheric humidity are rendered unfavorable by remote teleconnections while barotropic energy conversion from the large‐scale flow is suppressed. As shown in recent studies, the remote teleconnection from the Atlantic is sustained and enhanced throughout the typhoon season through local air‐sea interactions. These results suggest that boreal spring NTA SST anomaly could be a new predictor for the seasonal WNP TC activity.