Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the tsunami mitigation effectiveness of a planned Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR), Indonesia

Abstract. This research aimed to assess the tsunami flow velocity and height reduction produced by a planned elevated road spanned parallel to the coast of Banda Aceh called Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR). Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was used to simulate eight scenarios of the tsunami. One of them was based on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Two magnitudes of earthquake were used, that is, 8.5 and 9.15 Mw. Both the earthquakes were generated from the same source location as in the 2004 case, around the Andaman Sea. Land use data of the innermost layer of the simulation area were adopted based on the 2004 condition and the land use planning of the city for 2029. The results of this study reveal that the tsunami flow depths and flow velocities can be reduced by about 9 % by using the elevated road for earthquake magnitude 9.15 Mw and about 22 % for earthquake magnitude 8.5 Mw. Combined with the land use planning 2029, the elevated road could reduce the maximum flow velocities behind the road by about 72 %. Notably, the proposed land use for 2029 will not be sufficient to deliver any effects on the tsunami mitigation without the elevated road structures. We recommend the city to construct the elevated road as this could be part of the co-benefit structures for tsunami mitigation. The proposed BORR appears to deliver significant reduction of impacts in the smaller intensity tsunamis compared to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Histamine levels in fish samples collected from Serbian market in 2018

Histamine is a biogen amin, which is formed by decarboxylation of the histidine amino acid, under the action of the L-histidine-decarboxylase enzyme. High level of free histidine in fish meat, bacterial histidin decarboxylase activity and high temperature of storage elevate the level of histamine. Among the most important factors that can affect the level of histamine in fish meat are the type of fish and the method of its preservation. In order to determine this dependence, 1030 samples of frozen fish (tuna, mackerel, sardines and sprat) and 167 samples of canned fish (tuna, sardines and mackerel) were monitored for histamine content by ELISA method. It was determined a lower concentration of histamine in frozen fish (from 5.71 mg/kg to 18.03 mg/kg) compared to canned fish (from 15.03 mg/kg to 110.6 mg/kg). The highest histamine concentrations were found in the mackerel samples, regardless of the preservation method (110.6 mg/kg in canned mackerel and 18.03 mg/kg in frozen mackerel), which were significantly higher compared to the histamine levels found in cans of tuna and sardines (p ˂0.0001). Of the total number of samples, three samples (two samples of canned sardines and one sample of canned mackerel) were declared unsafe for human health. In most of the analyzed samples, the level of determined histamine was relatively low, which confirms adequate implementation of control protocols and efficant surveillance of products placed on the Serbian market.
1 Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “ Shock and Kill ” 2 Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs 3

Finding a cure for HIV is challenging because the virus is able to integrate itself into the 12 host cell genome and establish a silent state, called latency, allowing it to evade antiviral drugs and 13 the immune system. Various “shock and kill” strategies are being explored in attempts to eliminate 14 latent HIV reservoirs. The goal of these approaches is to reactivate latent viruses (“shock”), thereby 15 exposing them to clearance by viral cytopathic effects or immune-mediated responses (“kill”). To 16 date, there has been limited clinical success using these methods. In this review, we highlight 17 various functions of the HIV accessory protein Nef and discuss their double-edged effects that may 18 contribute to the limited effectiveness of current “shock and kill” methods to eradicate latent HIV 19 reservoirs in treated individuals. 20
POPULATION SURVEY OF NATIVE AND EXOTIC BLOWFLY SPECIESIN WESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE , BRAZIL

Among the most common blowfly species, members of the genus Chrysomya have been intensely studied thanks to their introduction into the New World (Guimarães et al., . 1978; 1979). Chrysomya albiceps, C. rufifacies, C. megacephala, and C. putoria were introduced to the Americas around 35 years ago, and this biological invasion has significantly influenced the native fauna (Baumgartner & Greenberg 1984). In Brazil, only C. rufifacies has not yet become established, but the other species have colonized many areas of South America (Guimarães et al., . 1979) and have displaced native species (Prado & Guimarães 1982; Silva et al., . 2003). These species are important mechanical disease vectors and causes of myiasis, and are also used in criminal investigations to estimate the post mortem interval (Guimarães & Papavero 1999; Byrd & Castner 2010). Abundance in blowflies has usually been estimated by using traps and investigations focused on succession in pig carcasses (Souza & Linhares 1997). In Brazil, few systematic studies have investigated the abundance of necrophagous flies in different localities, in order to compare the characteristics of areas, such as urban, wild, and farm areas, especially in locations where the environmental conditions differ in terms of altitude and temperature (Serbino & Godoy 2007) and mainly with different degrees of urbanization. Urban development has been cited as the main cause of local extinctions, principally of native species (McKinney 2002). In spite of this, the impact of this kind of disturbance has been little studied in native species (Marzluff 2005). In urban areas where there are recent introductions of exotic species, the effects on the native fauna are probably much more pronounced. However, both aspects have been little studied in insect populations.
Distribution of Hydatidosis and its Economic Significance in Domestic Small Ruminants in Selected Abattoirs in Belgut, Kenya

Ecchinococcus tapeworm has a complex life cycle involving two hosts; intermediate (herbivores) and definitive as dogs or wild carnivores. The larval stages infect visceral organs of herbivores and humans and develop into fluid-filled cysts that exert pressure to these organs interfering with their normal physiological functions. Identification of the cysts is normally made during post-mortem meat inspection leading to condemnation of infected organs for aesthetic purposes. A retrospective study was carried out in Belgut Sub-county, Kericho County by reviewing slaughterhouse data for the period between 2012 and 2016 to identify organs of small domestic ruminants condemned due to hydatid infections. Records from six selected abattoirs were reviewed and the number of organs condemned tabulated. Simple statistics of percentage and proportions were done and associated economic value computed based on the monetary value of each organ condemned during this period. A total of 35,771 sheep and goats were slaughtered in the 5year study period; 22.21% (7943/35771) sheep and 77.79% (27828/35771) goats. For sheep, a total of 267 livers and 215 lungs were condemned, whereas for goats; 710 livers and 646 lungs were condemned for harboring hydatid cysts. Annual prevalence of infection was calculated and it was found out that the trend is generally reducing. From ovine organs condemned, a total of KSh 58,775 was lost while KSh 158,150 was lost from condemned caprine organs giving a total of KSh 216,925for the five-year study period. From these findings, it is evident that Hydatidosis is still a challenge in small stock industry in Belgut Sub-County as it is one of the main causes of organ condemnation. Liver and lung of sheep and goats were the only organs found to be infected in this study and these led to their condemnation and hence direct economic losses to butchers. Therefore, regular deworming of dogs, proper and strict disposal of rejected/condemned organs as well as public education to increase awareness on parasitic zoonoses are recommended to reduce the burden of this parasite and the possible crossover to humans.
Phytoplankton during extreme drought season Phytoplankton responses to an extreme drought season : A case study at two reservoirs from a semiarid region , Northeastern Brazil

The temporal phytoplankton biomass variation at two Neotropical reservoirs during an extreme drought season were analyzed. Here we sought to evaluate the main abiotic factors involved in dynamics of phytoplankton during this drought period. The main difference between the reservoirs was the intensive fish and shrimp farming in one of the reservoirs. For quantitative analysis, sampling with bottles were carried out at an average depth of 0.5 m. Water temperature, pH and electrical conductivity parameters were measured in situ and water samples were collected for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus analyses. Aquaculture was probably one among the causes for the reservoirs were so different in the physical and chemical variables, as shown by the principal components’ analysis. The A cc ep te d A rti cl e
Device 1 Device 2 Device 3 Application Middleware Transport Internet ( Wireless ) Network Application Middleware Transport Internet Application Middleware Transport Internet

The implementation of a distributed self-aware computing system (SACS) typically requires a substantial software infrastructure. A middleware system with dedicated services for self-awareness and self-expression can therefore support the development of SACS applications. In this chapter we show the advantages of using a middleware system as the basis for a self-aware computing system. We identify requirements for middleware systems to support the development of self-aware applications. By providing facilities for communication, decoupling and transparency, middleware systems can provide essential features needed in SACS. We compare different middleware paradigms and their suitability to support self-awareness in distributed applications. We argue that the publish/subscribe paradigm is very well suited for this application area since it supports modularisation and decoupling. Units can be added to and removed from existing applications and may well be reused in new applications. Thus, SACS can be constructed by recombining existing publish/subscribe modules. In addition, we present details of publish/subscribe and introduce our middleware implementation called Ella. We describe how different aspects of a SACS and patterns for self-aware applications can be represented using Ella. We present different communication paradigms in Ella (broadcasting, peer2peer) as well as decoupling mechanisms provided by the middleware. We argue that SACS applications can be developed (i) faster, (ii) more efficiently and (iii) more reliable with Ella. Finally, Chapter 13 presents a self-aware and self-expressive multi-camera application which has been implemented with Ella. Jennifer Simonjan Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria, e-mail: jennifer.simonjan@aau.at Bernhard Dieber Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria, e-mail: bernhard.dieber@counity.at Bernhard Rinner Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria, e-mail: bernhard.rinner@aau.at
The e ffi ciency of designs for fine-mapping of quantitative trait loci using combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage

In a simulation study, different designs were compared for efficiency of finemapping of QTL. The variance component method for fine-mapping of QTL was used to estimate QTL position and variance components. The design of many families with small size gave a higher mapping resolution than a design with few families of large size. However, the difference is small in half sib designs. The proportion of replicates with the QTL positioned within 3 cM of the true position is 0.71 in the best design, and 0.68 in the worst design applied to 128 animals with a phenotypic record and a QTL explaining 25% of the phenotypic variance. The design of two half sib families each of size 64 was further investigated for a hypothetical population with effective size of 1000 simulated for 6000 generations with a marker density of 0.25 cM and with marker mutation rate 4 × 10−4 per generation. In mapping using bi-allelic markers, 42∼55% of replicated simulations could position QTL within 0.75 cM of the true position whereas this was higher for multi allelic markers (48∼76%). The accuracy was lowest (48%) when mutation age was 100 generations and increased to 68% and 76% for mutation ages of 200 and 500 generations, respectively, after which it was about 70% for mutation ages of 1000 generations and older. When effective size was linearly decreasing in the last 50 generations, the accuracy was decreased (56 to 70%). We show that half sib designs that have often been used for linkage mapping can have sufficient information for fine-mapping of QTL. It is suggested that the same design with the same animals for linkage mapping should be used for fine-mapping so gene mapping can be cost effective in livestock populations. quantitative trait loci / fine-mapping / restricted maximum likelihood / simulation / designs
Company stakeholder responsibility : An empirical investigation of top managers ’ attitudinal changes

Purpose – Company stakeholder responsibility considers stakeholder engagement and management as key to long-term firm success. The purpose of this paper is to examine how top managers’ stakeholder responsibility attitudes change and how they balance stakeholder responsibilities and economic interests. Design – The authors conducted empirical research using the company stakeholder responsibility framework by conducting a repeated cross-sectional survey in in Finland 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014. Findings – The study shows how development in the business context influences managers’ attitudes towards stakeholder responsibility. Simultaneously with the expansion of free competition in 1990s Finland, managerial commitment to company stakeholder responsibility strengthened in Finnish industry. Research limitations and implications – The target group consisting of industrial managers in a single-country context and the social desirability bias present in survey research may both limit the generalizability of the results. Originality – The study contributes to the discussion of the role of situational factors in the development of corporate responsibility by showing that while economic changes have some influence on managerial attitudes, the expansion of free markets, together with increased regulation in certain areas, appears to influence managers’ stakeholder responsibility attitudes to an even greater degree.
The reliability of the Czech version of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire

Background: Sleep disorders are very frequent among all intensive care unit patients, and disturbed sleep quality has clear and straightforward negative consequences for patients’ recovery and level of distress. To promote sleep, nurses must have instruments for observing and evaluating patients’ sleep. Objective: The objective of the research was to determine the internal consistency of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) and to compare the selected relationships between the variables (gender, age, type of admission) in the Czech clinical environment of the intensive care unit. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The RCSQ has been translated according to the translation and cultural adaptation manual. The quality of sleep was assessed using the Czech version of the RCSQ. The sample consisted of 105 patients hospitalised in an interdisciplinary intensive care unit. The quality of sleep was measured using a visual analogue scale (0–100). Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the Czech version of the RCSQ is 0.89. The average RCSQ score in the sample was 53.2 (SD 20.1). Return to sleep was the lowest rated item at 51 (SD 24.2), while sleep quality was the highest rated item at 55.6 (SD 26.4). There was no statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between sleep quality and selected variables: age (F = 0.1; p = 0.736), gender (F = 0; p = 0.929), type of admission (F = 1.8; p = 0.183). Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the Czech version of the RCSQ is rated as a reliable tool and can be used to subjectively assess sleep quality in critically ill patients. The association between sleep quality and selected variables has not been statistically proven and its perception is very individual.
Wound infiltration with 1 % pethidine provides an opioid-sparing effect after uncemented total hip arthroplasty : a prospective randomized study

Objective. Pethidine is a synthetic opioid also effective as local anesthetic, by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels. Studies investigating pethidine efficacy providing anesthesia and analgesia in spinal, epidural, intravenous regional anesthesia and intraarticular administration showed good quality, intermediate duration, postoperative analgesia. We hypothesized that wound infiltration with 1%, 1 mg/kg pethidine, after uncemented total hip arthroplasty would be beneficial in a multimodal analgesic regimen. Methods. This study compared two groups of consecutive patients, scheduled for uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty. Patients were randomized as follows: group WI (n = 19) who received wound infiltration, at the end of surgery, with 1%, 1 mg/kg pethidine, and group IM (n = 19) who received 5%, 1 mg/kg pethidine intramuscular injection, immediate after wound closure. All surgeries were done under spinal anesthesia with 15 mg, 0.5% bupivacaine. After surgery a standard analgesic protocol was started with 1 g acethaminophen, per os, intravenous 30 mg ketorolac, every 8 hours and morphine with a patientcontrolled analgesia pump, for 24 hours. Study endpoints were: 24-hour total morphine consumption and pain scores on a numerical rating scale (NRS) at active movement of the operated leg, at 6 and 12 postoperative hours. Results. Recorded 24-hour total morphine consumption was significantly lower in group WI (4.6 ± 1.3 mg vs 9.3 ± 0.9 mg). Group WI showed a significant reduction in the postoperative NRS pain score at movement at 6 hours, median score (range) 5 (4-7) vs 6 (5-7) (p < 0.005) for the IM group, with no further differences between groups. Conclusions. Wound infiltration with 1%, 1 mg/kg pethidine, after uncemented total hip arthroplasty reduced the postoperative 24-hour total morphine consumption and provided analgesia for the first six postoperative hours in a multimodal analgesic regimen.
Assessment of psychometric properties of the self-stigma inventory for Iranian families of persons who use drugs

Background Substance use disorder (SUD) and its related problems take a toll on the individual, family, and society. This study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the self-stigma scale in the families of persons who use drugs (PWUDs) in Iran. Methods This was a methodological and psychometric study. The study population consisted of 311 family members of PWUDs visiting outpatient and inpatient addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah who were selected using convenience sampling. The 14-item Self-Stigma Inventory for Families (SSI-F), which was developed by Yildiz et al. in 2019 using interviews and scales connected with stigma, was applied. The ten steps developed by Wilde et al. were used in this study for cultural validation. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (140 samples) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (311 subjects) were used to confirm the construct validity, and the test-retest method was used to confirm the reliability of the tools. Cronbach's alpha was also used to test the internal consistency of the tools. Findings The results of EFA and CFA scales in families of PWUDs were confirmed with three factors and 14 items. The reliability degree of the tools was confirmed as 0.891 and the Cronbach's alpha was confirmed as 0.879 using the test-retest method. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a positive and significant status between the scale's items/factors and the scale itself. Conclusion Generally, the results showed that the PWUDs SSI-F scale in Iranian families was valid and reliable with three factors and 14 items, and it can be used to conduct relevant studies.
SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF SILYMARIN AND DOXYCYCLINE IN JAPANESE QUAILS SUGGESTS PROBABLE HERB-DRUG INTERACTION

Pavlova, I. , H. Lukanov, V. Ivanov, Y. Petrova and A. Genchev, 2018. Simultaneous administration of silymarin and doxycycline in Japanese quails suggests probable herb-drug interaction. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 24 (1): 126–131 The present study aimed to evaluate probable herb-drug interaction between silymarin extract and doxycycline and their effect on some biochemical serum parameters in Japanese quails. 120 14-day-old male Japanese quails were equally divided into 4 groups: control group without treatment (n = 30), group, treated with doxycycline (at a dose 10 mg.kg-1 bw, via drinking water for four days, started 30 days after hatching, n = 30), third group, treated with doxycycline and silymarin 0.5% (started 14 days after hatching, via feed, for twenty days, n = 30) and group, treated with doxycycline and silymarin 1% as described above (n = 30). Water and food were supplied ad libitum. Blood samples were collected on 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 98, 100 and 102 h from the beginning of the treatment. The feed consumption and the body weight of the quails were registered. Growth and FCR were calculated. Silymarin supplementation provoked a tendency to slightly decrease in serum concentrations of the antibiotic with the time of the treatment compared to doxycycline only treated quails, suggested probable herb-drug interaction. Silymarin administration did not lead to better feed conversion ratio (FCR). The values of triglycerides and ASAT were signifi cantly changed in doxycycline treated groups vs controls.
Chlorogenic acid improves growth performance of weaned rabbits via modulating the intestinal epithelium functions and intestinal microbiota

This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, intestinal permeability, intestinal digestion and absorption-related enzyme activities, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and cecum microbial composition in weaned rabbits. One hundred and sixty weaned rabbits were allotted to four treatment groups and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,600 mg/kg CGA, respectively. After a 35-d trial, rabbits on the 800 mg/kg CGA-supplemented group had higher (p < 0.05) ADG and lower (p < 0.05) F/G than those in control (CON) group. According to the result of growth performance, eight rabbits per group were randomly selected from the CON group and 800 mg/kg CGA group to collect serum, intestinal tissue samples and cecum chyme samples. Results showed that compared with the CON group, supplementation with 800 mg/kg CGA decreased (p < 0.05) levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, IL-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased IL-10 concentration in the serum; increased (p < 0.05) jejunal ratio of villus height to crypt depth, enhanced (p < 0.05) activities of maltase and sucrase, increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of IL-10, T-AOC, MHCII and transforming growth factor-α, and decreased (p < 0.05) levels of TNF-α and MDA in the jejunum of weaned rabbits. In addition, results of high-throughput sequencing showed that CGA supplementation elevated (p < 0.05) microbial diversity and richness, and increased (p < 0.05) the abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (including genera V9D2013_group, Monoglobus, Papillibacter, UCG-005, and Ruminococcus). These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 800 mg/kg CGA could improve the growth performance of weaned rabbits by enhancing intestinal structural integrity, improving the intestinal epithelium functions, and modulating the composition and diversity of gut microbiota.