Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENERIC AFFINITIES OF ERIOCHEIR LEPTOGNATHUS AND E. FORMOSA WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS (BRACHYURA: GRAPSIDAE: VARUNINAE)

The varunine crab genus Neoeriocheir, previously synonymized under Eriocheir, is here regarded as a valid taxon. The type species, N. leptognathus, differs from members of Eriocheir sensu stricto in the form of its epistome, chelipeds, and male first pleopod as well as first zoeal structures. Eriocheirformosa is here assigned to a new genus, Platyeriocheir. The type species, Eriocheir formosa, is distinctly different from species of Eriocheir sensu stricto based on the structure of the carapace, the chelipeds, the thoracic sternum, and the male first pleopod, and on the form of the zoeal and megalopal stages.
An Investigation into Reported Differences Between Online Foreign Language Instruction and Other Subject Areas in a Virtual School

High school students participating in online courses offered by the North Carolina Virtual Public School (NCVPS) completed end-of-course surveys in Spring 2009. When the responses of 559 foreign language students were compared to students in five other subject area groups, the findings suggested foreign language students had significantly lower perceptions of their online courses in several key areas: overall success in the online environment, teacher preparation, teaching, course/assignment instructions, and level of group collaboration. A follow-up survey with open-ended questions was sent to students and teachers asking them to help explain these significant differences. The 119 students and 19 teachers who responded to follow-up questions reported that reduced student perceptions of online foreign language courses might be increased by improving specific aspects of teaching, increasing collaboration, and providing adequate support for student learning needs.
Information Pollution by Social Bots

Social media are vulnerable to deceptive social bots, which can impersonate humans to amplify misinformation and manipulate opinions. Little is known about the large-scale consequences of such pollution operations. Here we introduce an agent-based model of information spreading with quality preference and limited individual attention to evaluate the impact of different strategies that bots can exploit to pollute the network and degrade the overall quality of the information ecosystem. We find that penetrating a critical fraction of the network is more important than generating attention-grabbing content and that targeting random users is more damaging than targeting hub nodes. The model is able to reproduce empirical patterns about exposure amplification and virality of low-quality information. We discuss insights provided by our analysis, with a focus on the development of countermeasures to increase the resilience of social media users to manipulation.
Phylogeny of Ophioceras spp. based on morphological and molecular data

Collections from freshwater habitats of un- described Ophioceras-like pyrenomycetes with scole- cosporous ascospores were characterized using mor- phological characters, restriction analysis of PCR am- plified rDNA, and 18S rDNA sequences. Five species of Ophioceras were resolved and one species was ex- cluded from the genus. Parsimony analysis of mor- phological characters did not resolve relationships among species of Ophioceras and Pseudohalonectria, two closely related freshwater genera. Based on phy- logenetic analysis of partial 18S rDNA sequences, spe- cies of Pseudohalonectria form a sister clade to Ophi- oceras thereby supporting the integrity but close re- lationship of these two freshwater genera. Gaeuman- nomyces graminis falls within the Ophioceras/ Pseudohalonectria clade and is a sister taxon to a spe-
Analysis of Helium-rich White Dwarfs Polluted by Heavy Elements in the Gaia Era

We present an analysis of 1023 DBZ/DZ(A) and 319 DQ white dwarf stars taken from the Montreal White Dwarf Database. This represents a significant increase over the previous comprehensive studies on these types of objects. We use new trigonometric parallax measurements from the Gaia second data release, together with photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Pan-STARRS, Gaia, or BVRI from the literature, which allow the determination of the mass for the majority of the objects in our sample. We use the photometric and spectroscopic techniques with our recently improved model atmospheres code, which include high-density effects, to accurately determine the effective temperature, surface gravity, and heavy-element abundances for each object. We study the abundance of hydrogen in DBZ/DZ white dwarfs and the properties of the accreted planetesimals. We explore the nature of the second sequence of DQ stars using proper motions from Gaia and highlight evidence of crystallization in massive DQ stars. We also present mass distributions for both spectral types. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the spectral evolution of white dwarfs and provide the atmospheric parameters for each star.
Wide genome involvement in response to long-term selection for antibody response in an experimental population of White Leghorn chickens

Long-term selection experiments provide a powerful approach to gain empirical insights into adaptation. They allow researchers to uncover the targets of selection and how these contribute to the mode and tempo of adaptation. Here we report results from a pooled genome re-sequencing study to investigate the consequences of 39 generations of bidirectional selection in White Leghorn chickens on a humoral immune trait: antibody response to sheep red blood cells. We observed wide genome involvement in response to this selection regime, with over 200 candidate sweep regions characterised by spans of high genetic differentiation (FST). These sweep signatures, encompassing almost 20% of the chicken genome (208.8 Mb), are primarily the result from bidirectional selection on haplotypes present in the base population. These extensive genomic changes highlight both the extent of standing genetic variation at immune loci available at the onset of selection, as well as how the long-term selection response results from selection on a highly polygenic genetic architecture. Furthermore, we present three examples of strong candidate genes that may have contributed to the profound phenotypic response to selection. Data Availability Pooled genome data generated for this study will become available via SRA upon acceptance of manuscript
Use of group decision support systems as an appropriation process

Adaptive structuration theory is offered as a theoretical foundation for research on group decision support systems. Building on the theories of structuration advanced by several European social theorists, the theory of adaptive structuration attempts to explain how technology affects group and organizational processes and resultant outcomes. Rather than viewing technology as a direct, causal influence on human behavior, this theory holds that it is the active use of technology by people which determines observable outcomes. <<ETX>>
Crumbling Abstract Machines

Extending the λ-calculus with a construct for sharing, such as let expressions, enables a special representation of terms: iterated applications are decomposed by introducing sharing points in between any two of them, reducing to the case where applications have only values as immediate subterms. This work studies how such a crumbled representation of terms impacts on the design and the efficiency of abstract machines for call-by-value evaluation. About the design, it removes the need for data structures encoding the evaluation context, such as the applicative stack and the dump, that get encoded in the environment. About efficiency, we show that there is no slowdown, clarifying in particular a point raised by Kennedy, about the potential inefficiency of such a representation. Moreover, we prove that everything smoothly scales up to the delicate case of open terms, needed to implement proof assistants. Along the way, we also point out that continuation-passing style transformations--that may be alternatives to our representation--do not scale up to the open case.
Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion in supergiant X-ray binaries: stability and disc formation

We use 2D (axisymmetric) and 3D hydrodynamic simulations to study Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion with and without transverse upstream gradients. We mainly focus on the regime of high (upstream) Mach number, weak upstream gradients, and small accretor size, which is relevant to neutron star accretion in wind-fed supergiant X-ray binaries (SgXBs). We present a systematic exploration of the flow in this regime. When there are no upstream gradients, the flow is always stable regardless of accretor size or Mach number. For finite upstream gradients, there are three main types of behaviour: stable flow (small upstream gradient), turbulent unstable flow without a disc (intermediate upstream gradient), and turbulent flow with a disc-like structure (relatively large upstream gradient). When the accretion flow is turbulent, the accretion rate decreases non-convergently as the accretor size decreases. The flow is more prone to instability and the disc is less likely to form than previously expected; the parameters of most observed SgXBs place them in the regime of a turbulent, disc-less accretion flow. Among the SgXBs with relatively well-determined parameters, we find OAO 1657−415 to be the only one that is likely to host a persistent disc (or disc-like structure); this finding is consistent with observations.
Constraints on dark matter-photon coupling in the presence of time-varying dark energy

In a recent work [S. Kumar, R. C. Nunes and S. K. Yadav, Phys. Rev. D 98, 043521 (2018)], we have investigated a dark matter (DM)-photon coupling model in which the DM decays into photons in the presence of dark energy (DE) with constant equation of state (EoS) parameter. Here, we study an extension of the DM-photon coupling model by considering a time-varying EoS of DE via Chevalier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) parametrization. We derive observational constraints on the model parameters by using the data from cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), the local value of Hubble constant from Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and large-scale structure (LSS) information from the abundance of galaxy clusters, in four different combinations. We find that in this DM-photon coupling scenario the mean values of [Formula: see text] are in quintessence region [Formula: see text] whereas they were in the phantom region [Formula: see text] in our previous study with all data combinations. The constraints on the DM-photon coupling parameter do not reflect any significant deviation from the previous results. Due to the decay of DM into photons, we obtain higher values of [Formula: see text], consistent with the local measurements, similar to our previous study. But, the time-varying DE leads to lower values of [Formula: see text] in the DM-photon coupling model with all data combinations, in comparison to the results in our previous study. Thus, allowing time-varying DE in the DM-photon coupling scenario is useful to alleviate the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] tensions.
Kinematical evolution of multiple stellar populations in star clusters

We present the results of a suite of N-body simulations aimed at understanding the fundamental aspects of the long-term evolution of the internal kinematics of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters. Our models enable us to study the cooperative effects of internal, relaxation-driven processes and external, tidally induced perturbations on the structural and kinematic properties of multiple-population globular clusters. To analyse the dynamical behaviour of the multiple stellar populations in a variety of spin-orbit coupling conditions, we have considered three reference cases in which the tidally perturbed star cluster rotates along an axis oriented in different directions with respect to the orbital angular momentum vector. We focus specifically on the characterization of the evolution of the degree of differential rotation and anisotropy in the velocity space, and we quantify the process of spatial and kinematic mixing of the two populations. In light of recent and forthcoming explorations of the internal kinematics of this class of stellar systems by means of line-of sight and astrometric measurements, we also investigate the implications of projection effects and spatial distribution of the stars adopted as tracers. The kinematic and structural richness emerging from our models further emphasizes the need and the importance of observational studies aimed at building a complete kinematical picture of the multiple population phenomenon.
New Nearby Hypervelocity Stars and Their Spatial Distribution from Gaia DR2

Based on about 4500 large tangential velocity (Vtan > 0.75Vesc) with high-precision proper motions and 5σ parallaxes in Gaia data release 2 (DR2) 5D information derived from parallax and proper motion, we identify more than 600 high-velocity stars with a 50% unbound probability. Of these, 28 nearby (less than 6 kpc) late-type hypervelocity stars (HVSs) with over a 99% possibility of being unbound are discovered. In order to search for the unbound stars from the full Gaia DR2 6D phase space information derived from the parallax, proper motion, and radial velocity, we also identify 28 stars from the total velocity (Vgc > 0.75Vesc) that have probabilities greater than 50% of being unbound from the Galaxy. Of these, only three have a nearly 99% probability of being unbound. In the whole HVSs subsample, there is 12 sources reported by other surveys. We study the spatial distribution of angular positions and angular separation of HVSs. We find the unbound HVSs are spatially anisotropic, which is most significant in the Galactic longitude at more than a 3σ level, and lower unbound probability HVSs are systematically more isotropic. The spatial distribution can reflect the origin of HVSs and we discuss the possible origin link with the anisotropy.
Empirical Coordination Subject to a Fidelity Criterion

We study the problem of empirical coordination subject to a fidelity criterion for a general set-up. We prove a result which indicates a strong connection between our frame-work and the framework of empirical coordination developed in [1]. It turns out that when we design codes that achieve empirical coordination according to a given distribution and subject to the fidelity criterion, it is sufficient to consider codes that produce actions of the same joint type for a class of types which is close enough to our desired distribution is some sense.
Improving the Harmony of the Composite Image by Spatial-Separated Attention Module

Image composition is one of the most important applications in image processing. However, the inharmonious appearance between the spliced region and background degrade the quality of the image. Thus, we address the problem of Image Harmonization: Given a spliced image and the mask of the spliced region, we try to harmonize the “style” of the pasted region with the background (non-spliced region). Previous approaches have been focusing on learning directly by the neural network. In this work, we start from an empirical observation: the differences can only be found in the spliced region between the spliced image and the harmonized result while they share the same semantic information and the appearance in the non-spliced region. Thus, in order to learn the feature map in the masked region and the others individually, we propose a novel attention module named Spatial-Separated Attention Module (S2AM). Furthermore, we design a novel image harmonization framework by inserting the S2AM in the coarser low-level features of the Unet structure by two different ways. Besides image harmonization, we make a big step for harmonizing the composite image without the specific mask under previous observation. The experiments show that the proposed S2AM performs better than other state-of-the-art attention modules in our task. Moreover, we demonstrate the advantages of our model against other state-of-the-art image harmonization methods via criteria from multiple points of view.
Cosmology with galaxy–galaxy lensing on non-perturbative scales: emulation method and application to BOSS LOWZ

We describe our non-linear emulation (i.e. interpolation) framework that combines the halo occupation distribution (HOD) galaxy bias model with N-body simulations of non-linear structure formation, designed to accurately predict the projected clustering and galaxy–galaxy lensing signals from luminous red galaxies in the redshift range 0.16 < z < 0.36 on comoving scales 0.6 < rp < 30 $h^{-1} \, \text{Mpc}$. The interpolation accuracy is ≲ 1–2 per cent across the entire physically plausible range of parameters for all scales considered. We correctly recover the true value of the cosmological parameter S8 = (σ8/0.8228)(Ωm/0.3107)0.6 from mock measurements produced via subhalo abundance matching (SHAM)-based light-cones designed to approximately match the properties of the SDSS LOWZ galaxy sample. Applying our model to Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 14 (DR14) LOWZ galaxy clustering and galaxy-shear cross-correlation measurements made with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 8 (DR8) imaging, we perform a prototype cosmological analysis marginalizing over wCDM cosmological parameters and galaxy HOD parameters. We obtain a 4.4 per cent measurement of S8 = 0.847 ± 0.037, in 3. 5σ tension with the Planck cosmological results of 1.00 ± 0.02. We discuss the possibility of underestimated systematic uncertainties or astrophysical effects that could explain this discrepancy.
Reliability-Latency Performance of Frameless ALOHA With and Without Feedback

This paper presents a finite length analysis of multi-slot type frameless ALOHA based on a dynamic programming approach. The analysis is exact, but its evaluation is only feasible for moderate number of users due to the computational complexity. The analysis is then extended to derive continuous approximations of its key parameters, which, apart from providing an insight into the decoding process, make it possible to estimate the packet error rate with very low computational complexity. Finally, a feedback scheme is presented in which the slot access scheme is dynamically adapted according to the approximate analysis in order to minimize the packet error rate. The results indicate that the introduction of feedback can substantially improve the performance of frameless ALOHA.
To Model or to Intervene: A Comparison of Counterfactual and Online Learning to Rank from User Interactions

Learning to Rank (LTR) from user interactions is challenging as user feedback often contains high levels of bias and noise. At the moment, two methodologies for dealing with bias prevail in the field of LTR: counterfactual methods that learn from historical data and model user behavior to deal with biases; and online methods that perform interventions to deal with bias but use no explicit user models. For practitioners the decision between either methodology is very important because of its direct impact on end users. Nevertheless, there has never been a direct comparison between these two approaches to unbiased LTR. In this study we provide the first benchmarking of both counterfactual and online LTR methods under different experimental conditions. Our results show that the choice between the methodologies is consequential and depends on the presence of selection bias, and the degree of position bias and interaction noise. In settings with little bias or noise counterfactual methods can obtain the highest ranking performance; however, in other circumstances their optimization can be detrimental to the user experience. Conversely, online methods are very robust to bias and noise but require control over the displayed rankings. Our findings confirm and contradict existing expectations on the impact of model-based and intervention-based methods in LTR, and allow practitioners to make an informed decision between the two methodologies.
Light-Guided Tree Modeling of Diverse Biomorphs

Creation of tree models faithful to light environment is an important task in computer graphics as well as in botanical research, such as horticulture and forestry. In this paper, we propose an approach to model virtual trees with constraints of light resources and tree morphological properties. By the allocation of received light resources, tree model parameters are estimated, including branching directions and branching sizes. The light energy is calculated by sampling the environmental space, so that the ﬁnal architecture of trees could be modeled corresponding to its growth environments. Experimental results show that the proposed method create trees with architectures guided by light resources
S&CNet: A Enhanced Coarse-to-fine Framework For Monocular Depth Completion

Real-time depth completing is a critical problem for robotics and autonomous driving tasks. In this paper, we propose a light-weight coarse-to-fine network to complete a dense depth map from a single view RGB image and its related sparse depth map. Both the coarse estimation network and refinement network are in encoder-decoder form. To boost the performance of the coarse estimation network, we propose a novel spatial-and-channel (S&C) enhancer to boost the representation power of encoder network. The motivation for spatial-wise attention is from our finding that a lower output stride of encoder network preserve more detail but limit the receptive field. Thus, we employee spatial-wise attention to capture long-range contextual information. Besides, we found each channel in the features generated by the encoder network response to different distance. This discovery drives us to adopt channel-wise attention mechanism to reassign the weights of different channels as the decoder network should pay more attention to the channels response to distance contain rich objects, intuitively. To further improve the performance of our network, we adopt a refinement network which take the coarse estimation and sparse depth map as input. We evaluate our approach on KITTI benchmark, and the results show that our approach achieves competitive performance on RMSE metric with the state-of-the-art over published works but outperform it in all other metrics (iRMSE,MAE and iMAE) significantly with almost 3:5 times higher running speed. Crucially, our proposed S&C enhancer can be plugged into other existing networks and boost their performance significantly with a minimal additional computational cost.
Madelung transform and probability densities in hybrid quantum–classical dynamics

This paper extends the Madelung–Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics to describe the time-reversible interaction of classical and quantum systems. The symplectic geometry of the Madelung transform leads to identifying hybrid quantum–classical Lagrangian paths extending the Bohmian trajectories from standard quantum theory. As the classical symplectic form is no longer preserved, the nontrivial evolution of the Poincaré integral is presented explicitly. Nevertheless, the classical phase-space components of the hybrid Bohmian trajectory identify a Hamiltonian flow parameterized by the quantum coordinate and this flow is associated to the motion of the classical subsystem. In addition, the continuity equation of the joint quantum–classical density is presented explicitly. While the von Neumann density operator of the quantum subsystem is always positive-definite by construction, the hybrid density is generally allowed to be unsigned. However, the paper concludes by presenting an infinite family of hybrid Hamiltonians whose corresponding evolution preserves the sign of the probability density for the classical subsystem.