Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Anatomical Variations of the Circle of Willis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Variations in the circle of Willis was studied using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Angiography in fifty patients of South Indian population at random. Variations have been found in 16 cases. All arteries in the circle of Willis showed variations except the anterior communicating artery, 5 cases showed variations in the anterior cerebral artery, 6 cases in the internal carotid artery, 2 cases in the posterior cerebral artery, 1 case in the posterior communicating artery and 2 cases in the basilar artery. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the best tool to show the collateral circulation and the anastomotic variants of the circle of Willis. Circle of Willis is a large arterial ring which unites the internal carotid and vertebro-basilar systems. It is formed of an anastomosis between the internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery (Williams et al., 1995). The anastomosis thus provided by this vascular ring is of great significance when one of the major arteries supplying the brain becomes occluded. The neurological deficit suffered as well as the ability of a patient to withstand occlusion of one or more of these major vessels depend on the presence of collateral circulation to the affected area. The haemodynamics of the circle is influenced by the variations in the caliber of communicating arteries and in the segments of the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries which lie between their origins and their junctions with the corresponding communicating arteries. A detailed knowledge of the normal anatomy of the circle of Willis, its anomalies, and the clinical significance of its variations is valuable to the clinicians and neuroradiologists. Therefore this study was carried out to find out the variations of the circle of Willis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Angiography. Materials and Methods Fifty patients at random from the Out Patient Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University for undergoing MRI were chosen for the study. The technique used was three Dimensional Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (3D-TOF-MRA). Only the arteries forming the circle of Willis were studied. For the purpose of identification,the circle of Willis is divided into anterior and posterior configurations.The anterior configuration consisting of the anterior cerebral artery, Correspondance to: Haripriya M, Department of Anatomy, SRMC & RI, Sri Ramachandra University Chennai600 116, India. Email: niranj@vsnl.com Accepted: 02-August-2010
Performance analysis for a stabilized multi-channel slotted ALOHA algorithm

We study the slotted ALOHA with multiple random access channels, the so called multi-channel ALOHA (MC-ALOHA). It is well known that single-channel ALOHA (SC-ALOHA) is unstable. Not surprisingly, MC ALOHA is also unstable. A stabilization algorithm for MC-ALOHA has been proposed in [D. Shen and V.O. K. Li, 2002], in which the pseudo-Bayesian algorithm in SC-ALOHA was extended to achieve stabilized MC-ALOHA. The idea is to estimate the number of attempting users so that user transmission probability can be adjusted accordingly. In this paper, we give a theoretical analysis on the algorithm performance for cases with limited and unlimited number of users by assuming perfect estimate. The theoretical results are validated by simulation, which shows the stabilization algorithm performs close to a system with perfect estimate. The simulation results also show that the performance of the stabilized algorithm is much better than the non-stabilized algorithm. With the stabilized algorithm, the system is always stable when the new packet arrival rate is less than system capacity. Even when the arrival rate is higher than capacity, system throughput can still be guaranteed.
Resilience in Palestinian Adolescents Living in Gaza

Objective: The pathogenic impact of ongoing political conflict on children and adolescents has been well-documented in the literature. The present study, by contrast, examined the factors that support adolescent health and utilized a salutogenic model to examine prevalence of depression and anxiety and predictors of resilience in a group of adolescents attending secondary school in Gaza. Method: There were 335 Palestinian adolescents (n = 335) enrolled in 11th and 12th grades in secondary schools in Gaza refugee camps completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and self-report measures assessing coping skills, self-regulation, optimism, parenting style, family sense of coherence, national identity, ethnic identity, and other demographic variables. Results: Participants with stronger national identity, stronger family sense of coherence, greater self-regulation, and more optimism reported less depressive and anxious symptoms. In a logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of resilience (minimal to no anxiety and depression, n = 135) were age, optimism, family sense of coherence, ethnic identity, self-regulation, and coping skills. Conclusion: These findings indicate that older age, optimism, perception of family seeing the world as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful, stronger Arab ethnic identity, greater self-regulation and stronger coping skills promote adolescent adaptation and health. Salutogenesis frames information about how resilient youth living in high threat environments may respond to preventative community-based behavioral health interventions as well as treatment of depression, anxiety, and other psychological distress among adolescents living with ongoing violence.
A flexible forward simulator for populations subject to selection and demography

UNLABELLED This article introduces a new forward population genetic simulation program that can efficiently generate samples from populations with complex demographic histories under various models of natural selection. The program (SFS_CODE) is highly flexible, allowing the user to simulate realistic genomic regions with several loci evolving according to a variety of mutation models (from simple to context-dependent), and allows for insertions and deletions. Each locus can be annotated as either coding or non-coding, sex-linked or autosomal, selected or neutral, and have an arbitrary linkage structure (from completely linked to independent). AVAILABILITY The source code (written in the C programming language) is available at http://sfscode.sourceforge. net, and a web server (http://cbsuapps.tc.cornell.edu/sfscode.aspx) allows the user to perform simulations using the high-performance computing cluster hosted by the Cornell University Computational Biology Service Unit.
GPU IMPLEMENTATION OF PARTIAL-ORDER REDUCTION

Model checking using GPUs has seen increased popularity over the last years. Because GPUs have only a limited amount of memory, only small to medium-sized systems can be verified. We improve memory efficiency for explicit-state GPU model checking by applying on-the-fly partial-order reduction. The correctness of the proposed algorithms is proved using a new version of the cycle proviso. Benchmarks show that our implementation achieves a reduction similar to or better than the state-of-the-art techniques for CPUs, while the runtime overhead is acceptable. We also propose several optimisations for the tool GPUexplore. Benchmarks show that this results in a 7.8 times speed-up compared to the original implementation. For large models, our optimized version of GPUexplore can be more than two orders of magnitude faster than a sequential CPU implementation, reducing the runtime from more than an hour down to less than 37 seconds.
Bridging the protein sequence-structure gap by structure predictions.

The problem of accurately predicting protein three-dimensional structure from sequence has yet to be solved. Recently, several new and promising methods that work in one, two, or three dimensions have invigorated the field. Modeling by homology can yield fairly accurate three-dimensional structures for approximately 25% of the currently known protein sequences. Techniques for cooperatively fitting sequences into known three-dimensional folds, called threading methods, can increase this rate by detecting very remote homologies in favorable cases. Prediction of protein structure in two dimensions, i.e. prediction of interresidue contacts, is in its infancy. Prediction tools that work in one dimension are both mature and generally applicable; they predict secondary structure, residue solvent accessibility, and the location of transmembrane helices with reasonable accuracy. These and other prediction methods have gained immensely from the rapid increase of information in publicly accessible databases. Growing databases will lead to further improvements of prediction methods and, thus, to narrowing the gap between the number of known protein sequences and known protein structures.
Intimate partner violence: Advanced practice nurses clinical stories of success and challenge

Purpose: This qualitative study presents knowledge from clinical experiences of advanced practice nurses (APNs) working with women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Data sources: Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with ten APNs to discover their ways of being with, supporting, and helping women who have experienced IPV. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using interpretive phenomenology. Analysis proceeded from whole to parts and back to whole with ongoing attention to maintaining the situational context to guide interpretation of meanings. Conclusions: APNs experience both challenges and successes in caring for women who live with IPV. Findings consist of interpretations of clinical stories to uncover knowledge embedded in practice. Healing practices and ways of being survival facilitators for women and children are identified and described. Implications for practice: APNs are in a unique position to help families who live with abuse, but may lack resources and knowledge about the most effective interventions. They may become cynical and frustrated with feelings of futility when faced with the repeating patterns associated with the cycle of violence. The goals of this study are to promote more comprehensive understanding of IPV and stimulate changes in education, practice, research, and health policy.
Bernard Knapp. The archaeology of Cyprus: from earliest prehistory through the Bronze Age (Cambridge World Archaeology series). xx+640 pages, 138 bw 978-0-521-72347-3 paperback £ 60 & $99.

Aten Temple. The series of rooms on the west side of the Royal Road is now interpreted by Kemp as a throne-room complex, not a ‘harem’ as reconstructed earlier. To the west of this complex was an enormous court, where over life-size granite statues of Akhenaten and the women of his family once stood. The Great Palace was to the south of this court. The central focus of this palace was what Kemp believes was Akhenaten’s ‘principal hall of state’, reconstructing it with a ‘Window of Appearance’ at the northern end and a throne to the south. The columns and walls of these spaces were decorated with coloured faience inlays and tiles, and inlaid stone hieroglyphs. The decorative plan of this palace and its huge scale must have created an awesome sight.
Relation of Positive and Negative Parenting to Children's Depressive Symptoms

This study examined the combined and cumulative effects of supportive-positive and harsh-negative parenting behaviors on children's depressive symptoms. A diverse sample of 515 male and female elementary and middle school students (ages 7 to 11) and their parents provided reports of the children's depressive symptoms. Parents provided self-reports of supportive-positive and harsh-negative parenting behaviors. Structural equation modeling indicated that supportive-positive and harsh-negative parenting behaviors were nearly orthogonal dimensions of parenting and both related to children's depressive symptoms. Supportive-positive parenting behaviors did not moderate the relation between harsh-negative parenting behaviors and children's depressive symptoms. Results have implications for family intervention and preventions strategies.
Digital Technologies and Intimate Partner Violence

Digital technologies, including mobile devices, cloud computing services, and social networks, play a nuanced role in intimate partner violence (IPV) settings, including domestic abuse, stalking, and surveillance of victims by abusive partners. However, the interactions among victims of IPV, abusers, law enforcement, counselors, and others --- and the roles that digital technologies play in these interactions --- are poorly understood. We present a qualitative study that analyzes the role of digital technologies in the IPV ecosystem in New York City. Findings from semi-structured interviews with 40 IPV professionals and nine focus groups with 32 survivors of IPV reveal a complex set of socio-technical challenges that stem from the intimate nature of the relationships involved and the complexities of managing shared social circles. Both IPV professionals and survivors feel that they do not possess adequate expertise to be able to identify or cope with technology-enabled IPV, and there are currently insufficient best practices to help them deal with abuse via technology. We also reveal a number of tensions and trade-offs in negotiating technology's role in social support and legal procedures. Taken together, our findings contribute a nuanced understanding of technology's role in the IPV ecosystem and yield recommendations for HCI and technology experts interested in aiding victims of abuse.
Network based analysis of genetic disease associations

Network based analysis of genetic disease associations Sarah Gilman Despite extensive efforts and many promising early findings, genome-wide association studies have explained only a small fraction of the genetic factors contributing to common human diseases. There are many theories about where this “missing heritability” might lie, but increasingly the prevailing view is that common variants, the target of GWAS, are not solely responsible for susceptibility to common diseases and a substantial portion of human disease risk will be found among rare variants. Relatively new, such variants have not been subject to purifying selection, and therefore may be particularly pertinent for neuropsychiatric disorders and other diseases with greatly reduced fecundity. Recently, several researchers have made great progress towards uncovering the genetics behind autism and schizophrenia. By sequencing families, they have found hundreds of de novo variants occurring only in affected individuals, both large structural copy number variants and single nucleotide variants. Despite studying large cohorts there has been little recurrence among the genes implicated suggesting that many hundreds of genes may underlie these complex phenotypes. The question becomes how to tie these rare mutations together into a cohesive picture of disease risk. Biological networks represent an intuitive answer, as different mutations which converge on the same phenotype must share some underlying biological process. Network-based analysis offers three major advantages: it allows easy integration of both common and rare variants, it allows us to assign significance to collection of genes where individual genes may not be significant due to rarity, and it allows easier identification of the biological processes underlying physical consequences. This work presents the construction of a novel phenotype network and a method for the analysis of disease-associated variants. This method has been applied to de novo mutations and GWAS results associated with both autism and schizophrenia and found clusters of genes strongly connected by shared function for both diseases. The results help elucidate the real physical consequences of putative disease mutations, leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the diseases.
Experimental Demonstration of Real-Time Optical OFDM Transmission at 7.5 Gb/s Over 25-km SSMF Using a 1-GHz RSOA

The 7.5-Gb/s real-time end-to-end optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OOFDM) transceivers incorporating variable power loading on each individual subcarrier are demonstrated experimentally using a live-optimized reflective semiconductor optical amplifier intensity modulator having a modulation bandwidth as narrow as 1 GHz. Real-time OOFDM signal transmission at 7.5 Gb/s over 25-km standard single-mode fiber is achieved across the C-band in simple intensity modulation and direct detection systems without in-line optical amplification and dispersion compensation.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Sweden 1969‐1986 Prevalence, Symptoms and Age at Diagnosis

ABSTRACT. A retrospective study of all Swedish patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) born 1969‐1986, was conducted to elucidate possible benefits of neonatal screening for CAH. Information was obtained about 150 patients (67 male, 83 female). One hundred and fortythree cases were regarded as classical and seven as non‐classical (symptoms after 5 years of age or cryptic). All but two (one girl with 11‐hydroxylase deficiency and one boy with β hydroxysteroid‐dehydrogenase deficiency) had 21‐hydroxylase deficiency. The prevalence was 1: 11500. Ninety‐three patients (48 male, 45 female) displayed salt loss, all before the age of 3 months. Two boys had died and many children had been critically ill during the first weeks of life. The median age at diagnosis for boys in this group was 21 days. Gender assignment was a major problem in 38 of 57 girls with ambiguous genitalia noticed during the first day. Fifteen of these girls were considered to be male for their first 40 days (median), before the CAH diagnosis was established. Patients in whom the first symptom was manifested after the age of one year often showed growth acceleration, which frequently was overlooked. Median diagnostic delay in this group was 17 months. Possible benefits of neonatal screening are: avoidance of a serious salt‐loss crisis; earlier diagnosis and correct gender assignment in virilized girls; decreased virilization, growth acceleration and premature pubarche in prepubertal children; and reduced negative consequences for psycho‐social development and final height.
[Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in a population of patients with psoriasis].

UNLABELLED Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by arthritis associated with psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in a population of patients with psoriasis. According to literature data, its prevalence varies between 1% and 7%, or only exceptionally more. PATIENTS Seventy-two adult patients with psoriasis were examined. Patients came from the north-west part of Croatia, from different towns with the overall population of more than 150,000, thus making a representative epidemiological sample. Some patients were treated by a dermatologist, whereas others were admitted to rheumatology departments for the problems with locomotor system and were diagnosed as psoriatics. All patients were examined, and their data were processed. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed the two sexes to be equally involved by psoriasis. In most cases psoriasis preceded arthritis. All arthritis patients had their fingernails affected with psoriasis. In the population of patients with psoriasis, the prevalence of arthritis was higher in men (60%) than in women (40%). Arthritis often occurred (37.5%) in patients with psoriasis localized in the inguinal and/or perianal region with toenail involvement, as compared to 8.9% of patients with arthritis without concurrent psoriasis involvement. CONCLUSION The prevalence of arthritis in psoriasis patients was 15.3%.
A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of an intervention to educate students about depression

Background. Depression is an important cause of disability worldwide, with many people experiencing their first depressive episode before the age of 18. University students are particularly vulnerable to depression. Depression can be treated successfully in most patients. However, for treatment to be successful, depressed people need to recognize their symptoms as illness, present to medical care, and be aware that effective treatment is available. A thoughtful health campaign might therefore increase the likelihood of successful treatment. Method. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention. A total of 3313 undergraduate students participated in the study. The intervention consisted of postcards and posters on depression and its treatment. The primary outcome was student awareness that depression can be treated effectively. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of students reading the postcards, recognition of symptoms and knowledge of treatments. Results. The postcards were read by 69% of students. Less than half of participants reported that depression could be treated effectively, and there was no evidence of a difference between the intervention and control groups [341 (49·1%) v. 379 (49·7%), difference −0·7, p=0·8, 95% confidence interval (CI) −5·1 to 3·7]. However, intervention group participants were more likely than control group participants to recognize depressive symptoms and to report that antidepressants are not addictive. Conclusions. Many university students lack knowledge about depression and its treatment. Simple and cheap media, such as postcards and posters, might help to improve awareness in areas where current knowledge is low.
A comparison of five common drug–drug interaction software programs regarding accuracy and comprehensiveness

Objective: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can cause failure in treatment and adverse events. DDIs screening software is an important tool to aid clinicians in the detection and management of DDIs. However, clinicians should be aware of the advantages and limitations of these programs. We compared the ability of five common DDI programs to detect clinically important DDIs. Methods: Lexi-Interact, Micromedex Drug Interactions, iFacts, Medscape, and Epocrates were evaluated. The programs' sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined to assess their accuracy in detecting DDIs. The accuracy of each program was identified using 360 unknown pair interactions, taken randomly from prescriptions, and forty pairs of clinically important ones. The major reference was a clinical pharmacist alongside the Stockley's Drug Interaction and databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Comprehensiveness of each program was determined by the number of components in the drug interaction monograph. The aggregate score for accuracy and comprehensiveness was calculated. Findings: Scoring 250 out of possible 400 points, Lexi-Interact and Epocrates, provided the most accurate software programs. Micromedex, Medscape, and iFacts ranked third, fourth, and fifth, scoring 236, 202, and 191, respectively. In comprehensiveness test, iFacts showed the highest score, 134 out of possible 134 points, whereas Lexi-Interact rated second, with a score of 120. Scoring 370 and 330 out of possible 534 points, Lexi-Interact and Micromedex, respectively, provided the most competent, complete, and user-friendly applications. Conclusion: Lexi-Interact and Micromedex showed the best performances. An increase in sensitivity is possible by the combination of more than one programs and expert pharmacist intervention.