Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Wall-Function Approach in Simulations of Turbomachines

Numerical simulations of centrifugal pumps with low specific speed show significant differences in calculated efficiency from experiments. This causes designers to refrain from CFD methods and stick to prototyping. Investigations regarding the applicability of numerical simulations on these pumps are carried out. Unsteady simulations of a low specific speed pump are performed. The focus of this paper is boundary layer treatment, as losses due to boundary layer flow are dominant in low specific speed pumps. The wall-function as well as the low-Reynolds-number method is applied for boundary layer treatment. A method to calculate the local modeling error of the wall-function method is introduced. Experiments on a test pump are conducted to validate the simulations. Performance curves, locally highly resolved pressure distributions and velocity profiles are obtained. Simulations with resolved boundary layers match experimental data very good. It is shown that simulated efficiency is sensitive to the boundary layer treatment. The wall-function simulations deviate significantly at off-design flow rate, particularly at overload. The analysis reveals that modeling errors of the wall-function method mainly contribute to incorrect loss prediction. A local modeling error distribution is calculated and a meshing guideline for low specific speed pumps is derived.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Motivation of User-Generated Content Contribution : Social Connectedness Moderates the Effects of Monetary Rewards

The creation and sharing of user-generated content such as product reviews has become increasingly “social,” particularly in online communities where members are connected. While some online communities have used monetary rewards to motivate product-review contributions, empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of such rewards remains limited. We examine the possible moderating effect of social connectedness (measured as the number of friends) on publicly offered monetary rewards using field data from an online review community. This community saw an (unexpected) overall decrease in total contributions after introducing monetary rewards for posting reviews. Further examination across members finds a strong moderating effect of social connectedness. Specifically, contributions from less-connected members increased by 1,400%, while contributions from more-connected members declined by 90%. To corroborate this effect, we rule out multiple alternative explanations and conduct robustness checks. Our findings suggest that token-sized monetary rewards, when offered publicly, can undermine contribution rates among the most connected community members.
Conficting Claims in the Eurozone ? Austerity ’ s Myopia and the Need for a European Federal Union in a post-Keynesian Eurozone

In this paper we study the role of the eurozone’s institutional design in determining the sovereign debt crisis of the peripheral euro countries by means of a post-Keynesian eurozone center-periphery model. Within this framework, three points are formally addressed. (1) The incomplete nature of the eurozone with respect to a full-fledged federal union has significantly contributed to generating diverging trends and conflicting claims between central and peripheral eurozone countries in the aftermath of the 20072008 financial meltdown. (2) Center-periphery diverging trends may disappear and a systemic crisis may occur should financial turbulences deepen in big peripheral economies, possibly spreading to the center. (3) Fiscal austerity does not address the core problems of the eurozone. The creation of a European federal government, capable of implementing anti-cyclical fiscal policies through a federal budget, and of a government banker constitutes the most promising solution to stabilize the macroeconomic picture of peripheral countries and to tackle the crisis. The unlimited bond-buying program recently launched by the ECB is a positive albeit mild step in the right direction away from the extreme monetarism that shaped eurozone institutions thus far.
A Significant Association in Paediatric Emergency Department, Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis and Ulcerative Colitis: Review of Literature

Objective: To discuss cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT), an important mortality and morbidity factor, developing in the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) in childhood age, in the light of the literature. Methods: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar database was conducted on April 2014. This study retrospectively investigates the cases diagnosed with UC with complication of CSVT below 18 years of age between years 1971 and 2014. The cases were analysed with respect to age, gender, disease duration and treatment, potential risk factors, clinical findings, location of thrombosis, thrombolytic therapeutical applications, and clinical progressions. Results: Twenty-four paediatric patients aged 5 and 18 years were included in the study. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis had developed during active disease period in 23 (95.8%) patients. The most common complaints were headache (79.1%) and emesis (29.1%). The most frequently detected risk factors for CSVT were anaemia (58.3%) and thrombocytosis (45.8%). Inherited thrombotic disorders were encountered in 10 (41.6%) of the cases. The most common location sites for CSVT were the transverse (33.3%) and the sigmoid (33.3%) sinuses. It had been discovered that 19 (79.2%) of the cases were healed completely without a sequelae, whereas neurological sequelae remained in three (12.5%) of the cases and two (8.3%) of the cases died. Conclusion: In the
Manipulating Caller ID for Higher Survey Response in RDD Surveys

The wide adoption of Caller ID technology (estimated at over 50% of U.S. household penetration) poses a serious challenge to random digit dial (RDD) surveys. To the extent that it is used to pre-screen calls, Caller ID can suppress response rates and cooperation by allowing respondents to "pre-refuse" cooperation without ever picking up the telephone. Alternatively, Caller ID may improve cooperation by legitimizing the survey via the text and telephone number displayed to the respondent. This paper describes an experiment conducted to determine if response rates benefited from the use of Caller ID. Further, we examined whether Caller ID text that explicitly stated the source of the call was more effective than more generic text. During the third quarter of 2006, more than 680,000 cases from the National Immunization Survey (NIS) were randomly divided into three experimental groups. One group had Caller ID deactivated, one group had caller ID activated with the text of "NORC U CHICAGO," and the third group had caller ID activated with the text "TOLL FREE. " The NISa nationwide, list-assisted RDD survey conducted by NORC for the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionmonitors the vaccination rates of children between the ages of 19 and 35 months. Each year, the NIS conducts interviews with approximately 29,000 households across the United States. Results of the experiment are mixed regarding the advantages of these different strategies. While transmitting Caller ID (either specific or general) text does result in a higher resolution of telephone numbers, it does not result in higher survey cooperation.
SOME RESPONSE ERRORS IN SIPP--WITH THOUGHTS ABOUT THEIR EFFECTS AND REMEDIES 1

A first step, when we set out to improve measurement in a household survey, is to understand the nature and extent of the measurement (or response) errors; and then to understand the consequences of the errors. Such knowledge can guide survey designers to better designs and can help them resist pressures for quick, superficial fixes to fundamentally complex measurement problems. Analysts need to know about measurement errors to assess the appropriateness of a data set and to design corrections for their effects. A record check study is an invaluable way of obtaining the descriptive information about survey errors. Below we report the preliminary results of a record check for the Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). For measures of program participation level, we find small to moderate levels of negative response bias and moderate to large levels of response error variance. For measures of change in program participation, we encounter a full range of bias estimates, from small positive to large negative, and very large response error variances. We also find that the sign of the response bias differs according to when the change measure is taken (on or off the seam between interviews), but that the size of the response error variance is largely unaffected by the seam phenomenon. The response biases and response error variances in reports of program benefit amounts show similar patterns. We demonstrate the consequences of these response errors for estimates of means, correlations, and regression parameters. Many of these estimates are attenuated by substantial amounts, especially estimates using the change measures. In most cases, the degree of distortion is not affected greatly by whether the change measure came from on or off the seam. In the conclusions, we develop our view that SIPP response errors should be reduced, and that redesigners may need to advance the state of the art to accomplish this goal.
High intermetatarsal angle hallux valgus : does modified chevron osteotomy solve the problem ?

An evaluation was made to introduce the efficacy of modified chevron osteotomy, in which extended plantar limb osteotomy was applied to hallux valgus cases with a high intermetatarsal angle and no hypermobility of the 1st metatarsocuneiform and hallux interphalangeus. A total of 21 patients and 34 feet were examined. The mean age of the patients was 47.3 ± 13.4 years (range, 20-74 years). The surgery was performed on 19 (55%) right feet and 15 (45%) left feet. Extended plantar limb osteotomy and soft tissue procedures were performed on all patients from a single dorsomedial incision. Fifteen-degree angle anterior-posterior, full lateral radiographs and photographs were taken preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months and at a final postoperative follow-up examination. The hallux valgus, intermetatarsal and distal metatarsal articular angles were determined, and the HV-foot-AOFAS values showing clinical satisfaction were calculated. The mean follow-up period was 12 months, (range, 11-22 months). At the final follow-up examination, the hallux valgus angle had decreased from 37.9° to 17.2° on the right foot and from 32.2° to 11.9° on the left foot; the intermetatarsal angle had decreased from 16° to 6.6° on the right and from 15.1° to 6.6° on the left; and the distal metatarsal articular angle had decreased from 21.1° to 11.4° on the right and from 18.8° to 6.4° on the left. The mean AOFAS-HV score increased from 63 to 83.8 on the right and from 64.3 to 88.2 on the left. A statistically significant improvement was determined in all the angle values at the final follow-up examination. The AOFAS scales showing clinical satisfaction were determined as ‘good’. It was concluded that the extended plantar limb modified chevron osteotomy is an effective surgical treatment option for adult cases of hallux valgus with a high intermetatarsal angle, with no 1st metatarsal hypermobility or hallux interphalangeus and no history of recent foot surgery.
The Study of Relationship between Learning Autonomy, Language Anxiety, and Thinking Style: The Case of Iranian University Students

One of the important abilities of learners is to monitor their own learning process and take charge of their development. To this end and based on the correlational nature of the study design, total of 125 students (for the Winter semester of 2017) educating at Zanjan Universities (89 B.A. students of Islamic Azad University and 60 B.A. students of Payam-e-Noor University) were chosen as the statistical population. Using Cochran formula and stratified random sampling method (each university was considered as one separate strata), the sample size was determined as 108 (65 students educating at Islamic Azad University and 43 students educating at Payam-eNoor University). To gather the information, Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope’s, Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, Sternberg’s Thinking Styles Inventory, and Learner Autonomy Questionnaire (LAQ) developed by Zhang and Li were used. The results of K-S test showed that non-parametric test was liable to be used in order to study the research hypotheses. Using Spearman correlation coefficient, a relationship was found between autonomy and language anxiety among Iranian university students. The other research question was an attempt to determine if there was a relationship between learner autonomy and thinking style which was confirmed through the use of Spearman correlation coefficient. Ultimately, the association between language anxiety and thinking style was addressed through the use of Spearman test which confirmed this relationship. Findings of the current study suggest pedagogical implications for second or foreign language teaching and learning as well as textbook writers and curriculum designers.
The Influence of Quality Products , Price , Promotion , and Location to Product Purchase Decision on Nitchi At PT . Jaya Swarasa Agung in Central Jakarta

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of variable quality of product, price, promotion, and location on purchase decision product nitchi at PT Jaya Swarasa Agung in Central Jakarta both partially or simultaneously. This statistic parametic study adopted method that use a multiple linear regression in which the data processed by SPSS program. Sample size was 115 buyers product nitchi in Supermarket Rezeki as respondents. The instruments used in the form of a structured questionnaire with Likert scale was used to collect data which consisted of 23 questions arranged based on indicator and dimensions derived from each variable. The result showed that quality of product, price, promotion, and location in influencing the purchasing decision, either partially nor simultaneously.
Effect of Telmisartan in the Oxidative Stress Components Induced by Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

The therapeutic effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, have been demonstrated in several disorders. It has antioxidant and immune response modulator properties and has shown promising results in the treatment of an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesion. In this study, a skeletal muscle (right gastrocnemius muscle) I/R lesion was induced in rats and different reperfusion times (1 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups) were assessed. Furthermore, levels of oxidative markers such as enzymatic scavengers (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and metabolites (nitrates and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine) were determined. The degree of tissue injury (total lesioned fibers and inflammatory cell count) was also evaluated. We observed an increase in CAT and SOD expression levels under telmisartan treatment, with a decrease in injury and oxidative biomarker levels in the 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups. Telmisartan reduced oxidative stress and decreased the damage of the I/R lesion.
Physico-chemical characterization and biological 2 activities of black and white garlic : in vivo and in 3 vitro assays 4

White and three types of black garlic (13, 32 and 45 days of fermentation, named 0C1, 1C2 18 and 2C1 respectively) were selected in order to check possible differences in their nutraceutic 19 potential. For this purpose, garlic were physico-chemically characterised, and both in vivo and in 20 vitro assays were carried out. Black garlic showed higher polyphenol content and antioxidant 21 capacity than white garlic. The biological studies have shown that only white garlic was not safe 22 showing toxicity effect. Furthermore, none garlic exert protective effects against H2O2, except the 23 0C1 black garlic. Moreover, garlic was non-genotoxic with the exception of the highest 24 concentration of white garlic. On the other hand, 0C1 was the most antigenotoxic substance. The in 25 vivo longevity assays yielded significant extension of lifespan results in some concentrations of 26 white and 0C1and 1C2 black garlic. The in vitro experiments showed that all studied garlic induced 27 a decrease in leukaemia cells growth. However, none type of garlic was able to induce proapoptotic 28 internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Taking into account the physicochemical and biological 29 data, black garlic could be considered as a potential functional food and used in preventive 30 treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, our findings could be relevant for the black garlic 31 processing agrifood companies as the economical and timing costs are significantly reduced to 13 32 days aging. 33
A WHOLE PRODUCT VECTOR MODEL OF ADOPTION OF CONTEMPORARY CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS

This paper develops a product-centric model of adoption of consumer technology products based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Our model called the Whole Product Vector TAM (WPV-TAM) adds a number of drivers to the adoption decision that are derived from the notion of the “whole product” such as price, supportability, serviceability, extensibility, and viability of the product. Using data from a large-scale survey with 1,400 responses conducted at a university on smart-phone and personal digital assistant (PDA) adoption, we demonstrate the significance of these whole-product constructs in technology adoption. The WPV-TAM is a granular model which takes a broader view of the drivers of technology adoption and finds intricate paths of causality in forming adoption intention not found in previous TAM studies.
Kinetic energy fl ux budget across air-sea interface

The kinetic energy (KE) fluxes into subsurface currents (EFc) is an important boundary condition for ocean circulation models. Traditionally, numerical models assume the KE flux from wind (EFair) is identical to EFc, that is, no net KE is gained (or lost) by surface waves. This assumption, however, is invalid when the surface wave field is not fully developed, and acquires KE when it grows in space or time. In this study, numerical experiments are performed to investigate the KE flux budget across the air-sea interface under both uniform and idealized tropical cyclone (TC) winds. The wave fields are simulated using the WAVEWATCH III model under different wind forcing. The difference between EFair and EFc is estimated using an air-sea KE budget model. To address the uncertainty of these estimates resides in the variation of source functions, two source function packages are used for this study: the ST4 source package (Ardhuin et al, 2010), and the ST6 source package (Babanin, 2011). The modeled EFc is significantly reduced relative to EFair under growing seas for both the uniform and TC experiments. The reduction can be as large as 20%, and the variation of this ratio is highly dependent on the choice of source function for the wave model. Normalized EFc are found to be consistent with analytical expressions by Hwang and Sletten (2008) and Hwang and Walsh (2016) and field observations by Terray et al. (1996) and Drennan et al. (1996), while the scatters are more widely in the TC cases due to the complexity of the associated wave field. The waves may even give up KE to subsurface currents in the left rear quadrant of fast moving storms. Our results also suggest that the normalized KE fluxes may depend on both wave age and friction velocity (u*).
Designing a Virtual-Reality-Based, Gamelike Math Learning Environment

ABSTRACT This exploratory study examined the design issues related to a virtual-reality-based, gamelike learning environment (VRGLE) developed via OpenSimulator, an open-source virtual reality server. The researchers collected qualitative data to examine the VRGLE’s usability, playability, and content integration for math learning. They found it important to design an intuitive game-control and interaction interface, plot playability via the combination of enjoyable virtual reality features and the rewarding mechanism, create intrinsic and balanced content-gameplay integration, and adapt to different gameplay styles. Participants found the VRGLE engaging and instructive in teaching fractions.
Does Money Talk ? — The Impact of Monetary Incentive on UGC Contribution

Monetary incentive is often used to encourage user-generated content (UGC) contribution in many UGC platforms. Empirical studies, however, reported contradictory results with regard to the impact of monetary incentive. We build a theoretical model to study the impact of monetary incentive on UGC contribution, where four types of contributors (classified by whether they are intrinsically-motivated and whether they produce efficiently) compete for audience attention, and the introduction of monetary incentive either positively or negatively modifies contributors’ intrinsic reward. We identify two types of crowding in/out effect—the motivation crowd in/out, and the competition crowd in/out. Under the influence of these two types of crowd in/out effects, an increase in the monetary incentive has a non-monotonic impact on the market structure, total content volume as well as the overall quality of content contributed. As a result, different market equilibrium outcomes emerge with an increase in the monetary incentive. Our findings offer guidelines in designing monetary incentive schemes to achieve different market outcomes.
Association between collagen IX tryptophan polymorphisms and risk of lumbar disc degeneration : a meta-analysis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the association between collagen IX tryptophan (COL9A2/ Trp2, COL9A3/Trp3) polymorphisms and risk of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Methods: Data were collected from several electronic bibliographical databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, with the most recent report published on June 20, 2018. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of association between collagen IX tryptophan (COL9A2/Trp2, COL9A3/Trp3) polymorphisms and LDD risk. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software. Results: A total of 1,509 LDD cases and 1646 controls from 9 studies were included, comprising Asian and Caucasian populations. For the determination of associations of collagen IX Trp2 allele and Trp3 allele polymorphisms, six and eight studies, respectively, were included in the final meta-analysis. There was no evidence that Trp2 polymorphism in COL9A2 had a significant association with LDD risk. However, Trp3 polymorphism had a significant association with LDD risk (allele model: OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.52-2.93, P<0.001; dominant model: OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.51-3.01, P<0.001; heterozygote model: OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.44-2.89, P<0.001; additive model: OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.35-0.70, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis, stratified by Caucasian populations, confirmed the above results. Furthermore, no significant publication bias was observed in this study. Conclusion: Overall, this meta-analysis suggests that the Trp3 allele polymorphism in COL9A3 may be associated with an increased risk of LDD. However, the Trp2 allele polymorphism is nota major risk factor for LDD. Further studies with a larger and more homogeneous sampling of individuals with LDD are required to confirm these results.