Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat and Mass Balance for Baking Process

The main objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model of heat and mass balance of the bread baking process to predict the temperature and water content of bread at different heating temperatures and times. The model was able to predict the bread temperature and water content at different oven temperatures (180, 190, 200, 210 and 220°C). The results showed that the bread temperature and weight loss of bread increase with increasing oven temperature, when, the oven temperature increased from 180 to 220°C, the temperature of bread increased from 112.73 to 168.49°C and the weight loss of bread increased from 22.40 to 52.46%. The results also showed that the bread temperature and weight loss of bread increase with increasing time, this increment starts to decline after 18-20 min, until it reach equilibrium after 30 min. The weight loss of bread increases with increasing bread temperature. It indicates that when the bread temperature increased from 20.00 to 131.69°C, the weight loss of bread increased from 0.00 to 40.79% at 200°C oven temperature. The model was validated with an experimental data and showed a reasonable agreement with those measured, where; it ranged 20.00 to 131.69°C theoretically while it was from 25.00 to 119.00°C experimentally during the baking at 200°C oven temperature. The weight loss data was in a reasonable agreement with those measured, where; it ranged 0.00 to 40.79% theoretically while it was from 0.00 to 48.69% experimentally during the baking at 200°C oven temperature.
AN EFFECTIVE SCHEDULING OF MULTIPLE SOURCE NODES IN MANET USING DEMPSTER-SHAFTER HYPOTHESIS

A Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is built without any central control point such as a base station. Partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) multi-armed bandit problem solved continuous user authentication and intrusion detection systems (IDs) for large network with different nodes. But POMDP did not deal with higher number of nodes’ states for performing the scheduling process in MANET. Maximum-Residual Multicast Protocol (MRMP) based on the independent choice of transitional nodes provided loop-free tree and was theoretically optimal in minimizing the residual energy. However, multiple sources were not considered simultaneously for scheduling process using MRMP. To effectively schedule multiple source information in MANET, Distributed Scheduling Decision (DSD) scheme is proposed in this paper. In DSD scheme, the source node to be broadcasted is dynamically selected to handle higher level of security while transferring data packets with minimal residual energy consumption states. DSD Scheme uses the Dempster-Shafter Hypothesis for multiple source node scheduling process. The DSD scheme with Dempster-Shafter Hypothesis derives the rule for multiple sources, with the confidence value, thereby ignoring the contradictory values using the normalization factor. The normalization factor in DSD scheme detects the intruded nodes with the aid of contradictory values. The normalization factor improves the scheduling efficiency in the distributed mobile network and increases the decision accuracy in MANET. Simulation work is carried out on analyzing the DSD scheme performance on the factors such as false positive rate, time taken on scheduling the packets and decision control overhead.
Longitudinal contrast in Turbulence along a ∼ 19 S section in the Pacific and its consequences on biogeochemical fluxes

Microstructure measurements were performed along the OUTPACE longitudinal transect in the tropical Pacific (Moutin and Bonnet, 2015). Small-scale dynamics and three-dimensional turbulence in the first 800m surface layer were characterized based on hydrographic and current measurements at fine scale and turbulence measurements at cm scale using a vertical microstructure profiler. The possible impact of turbulence on biogeochemical budgets in the surface layer was also addressed in this region of increasing oligotrophy to the East. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, , showed an 5 interesting contrast along the longitudinal transect with higher turbulence level in the West, i.e. the Melanesian Archipelago, compared to the East, within the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The surface layer with enhanced turbulence decreased in vertical extent traveling eastward. This spatial pattern was correlated to the energy level of the internal wave field, higher in the West compared to the East. The difference in wave energy mostly resulted from enhanced wind power input into inertial motions in the West. Moreover, three long duration stations were sampled along the cruise transect, each over three inertial 10 periods. The analysis from the western long duration station gave evidence of an energetic baroclinic near-inertial wave that was responsible for the enhanced . This was in strong contrast with the observations at the two eastern long duration stations where semi-diurnal internal tides dominate. Averaged nitrate turbulent diffusive fluxes were at least twice as large at the western station than at the two eastern stations due to the higher vertical diffusion coefficient. In the surface layer, above the nitracline, phosphate turbulent diffusive fluxes were significant except at the very eastern part of the transect. This input may have an 15 important role in sustaining the development of N2-fixing organisms that were evidenced as the main primary contributors to the biological pump in the area. The time-space intermittency of mixing events, intrinsic to turbulence, was underlined but its consequences on micro-organisms would deserve a dedicated study. Copyright statement. 1 Biogeosciences Discuss. , https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-170 Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Discussion started: 20 April 2018 c © Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY IN PUNTLAND: A CASE STUDY OF EYL DISTRICT.

Faisal Abdi Mumin 1 , Dr. Hellen K. Mberia 2 and Dr. Willy Muturi 3 . 1. Master of Science in Development Studies at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. 2. Dean of School of Communication and Development Studies at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology – JKUAT Nairobi – Kenya. 3. Senior Lecturer at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology – JKUAT Nairobi – Kenya. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Interactions and the Theta Term in One-Dimensional Gapped Systems

We study how the θ-term is affected by interactions in certain one-dimensional gapped systems that preserve charge-conjugation, parity, and time-reversal invariance. We exploit the relation between the chiral anomaly of a fermionic system and the classical shift symmetry of its bosonized dual. The vacuum expectation value of the dual boson is identified with the value of the θ-term for the corresponding fermionic system. Two (related) examples illustrate the identification. We first consider the massive Luttinger liquid and find the θ-term to be insensitive to the strength of the interaction. Next, we study the continuum limit of the Heisenberg XXZ spin-1/2 chain, perturbed by a second nearest-neighbor spin interaction. For a certain range of the XXZ anisotropy, we find that we can tune between two distinct sets of topological phases by varying the second nearest-neighbor coupling. In the first, we find the standard vacua at θ = 0,π, while the second contains vacua that spontaneously break charge-conjugation and parity with fractional θ/π = 1/2,3/2. We also study quantized pumping in both examples following recent work.
The impact of grazing animals on nesting success of grassland passerines in farmland and natural habitats: a field experiment

A b s t r a c t . A study was made of the influence of trampling by grazing animals on the nesting success of real nests (meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis; water pipit, Anthus spinoletta; and skylark, Alauda arvensis) and simulated nests (caps from jam-jars filled by green plasticine) on pasture in the Orlicke Mountains and on unmanaged alpine meadows in the Jeseniky Mountains (Czech Republic, Central Europe). While the pasture was continuously grazed by livestock at high densities, unmanaged alpine meadow was grazed only by wild large herbivores at far lower densities. Trampling was the primary cause of nest failure in the Orlicke Mountains, but was infrequent in the Jeseniky Mountains. The number of real nests lost by trampling corresponded to simulated nests within the localities. Spatial distribution of simulated nests had no effect on their survival on intensively grazed fields. The results indicate that grazing animals negatively influenced the nesting success of real and simulated nests of grassland passerines on continuously grazed mountain pasture. The use of simulated nests was an adequate method of predicting trampling losses by natural nests.
Learning Through Referrals

This paper theoretically examines the firm's choice to use different search channels in order to hire new workers. An equilibrium model is developed where the quality of a match is uncertain and firms search for workers through the market and through referrals. The intensity of use of each search channel is endogenized through the choice of channel-specific search effort. When referrals generate more accurate signals regarding match quality, the model predicts that referred workers have higher starting wages, higher productivity and lower separation rates than non-referred candidates and that these differentials decrease over time due to selection, which is consistent with the data. The model is extended by introducing productivity heterogeneity in firms and allowing the endogenous determination of signal quality. It is shown that high productivity firms choose greater accuracy of signals which diminishes the referral-market differential and leads to lower referral intensity, consistent with the data. This type of selection on the firm side explains why regressions that do not include firm fixed effects find a negative effect of referrals on wages in contrast to firm-level and other evidence.
Remittances, Institutional Quality, and Entrepreneurship

The importance of economic institutions and remittances in economic development has been demonstrated thoroughly in economic research. This study analyzes the impact of these on new business formation using a sample of up to 100 countries between 2002 and 2008. Employing two-stage least squares on an unbalanced panel data set we find robust evidence of a positive impact of remittances on new business formation. This impact is augmented by the presence of high quality institutions. These results apply to low and middle income countries.
Proficiency And Capacity Building Of Human Capital in Architectural Firms in Nigeria

Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are essential design technologies for the production of services by architectural firms and indeed the architects that work for them. These architects are CAD/BIM personnel if they are literate and proficient in the use of these technologies. The study examines the availability/proficiency levels of CAD/BIM personnel in architectural firms in Nigeria; the existence of training programmes for these personnel; and the relationship between availability of personnel and existence of training programmes. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews, giving a good blend of quantitative and qualitative research methods. A response rate of 74.21% from the survey was achieved, with responses from 118 out of 159 firms sampled from six cities: Abuja, Kaduna, Maiduguri, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt. In-depth interviews of ten principals of firms were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and tests of associations. Reasonable levels of proficiency in the use of CAD, BIM, Renderers and the Internet were revealed. However, the study found no significant association between the availability of CAD/BIM proficient personnel in architectural firms in Nigeria and the existence of training programmes within the firms. It is recommended that concerted efforts to improve existing training programmes and support schools of architecture be championed by the firms and professional bodies. Keywords: Availability, BIM, CAD, Design, Personnel, Proficiency, Training, Technologies
Bangla Sentence Correction Using Deep Neural Network Based Sequence to Sequence Learning

Development in deep neural networks in particular to natural language processing has motivated researchers to apply these techniques in solving challenging problems like machine translation, automatic grammar checking, etc. In this paper, we address the problem of Bangla sentence correction and auto completion using decoder-encoder based sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network with long short term memory cells. For this purpose, we have constructed a standard benchmark dataset incorporating mis-arrangement of words, missing words and sentence completion tasks. Based on the dataset we have trained our model and achieved 79% accuracy on the test dataset. We have made all our methods and datasets available for future use of the other researchers from: https://github.com/mrscp/bangla-sentence-correction. An online tool have also been developed based on our methods and readily available to use from: http://brl.uiu. ac.bd/s2s.
Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit: the strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound - anhydrite

Drilling at the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) active hydrothermal deposit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during Leg 158 of the Ocean Drilling Program recovered significant quantities of anhydrite from both the mound and the underlying mineralized stockwork zone. Anhydrite is present as a cement in disseminated sulfide breccias and in complex, multigeneration veins, up to 45 cm wide, at the upper levels of the deposit. It is a common late-stage vein and vug-filling mineral throughout the rest of t he deposit, apart from a zone of anomalously low conductive heat flow that has been interpreted as a region of seawater entrainment into the mound. The chemical and strontium- and oxygen-isotopic compositions of anhydrite are broadly similar throughout the mound, but are heterogeneous at a centimeter scale, with closely spaced samples displaying almost the full range of compositions. Values of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr indicate that most of the anhydrite formed from near-equal mixtures of seawater and black smoker fluids (65% ± 15% seawater). Assuming isotopic equilibrium, oxygen-isotopic compositions indicate that anhydrite precipitated at temperatures between 147°C and 270°C and require that seawater was conductively heated to between 100° and 180°C before mixing and precipitation occurred. Anhydrite from the TAG mound has an average Sr-Ca partition coefficient Kd ≈ 0.60 ± 0.28 (2σ). This value is in agreement with the range of experimentally determined partition coefficients ( Kd ≈ 0.27-0.73) and is similar to those calculated for anhydrite from active black smoker chimneys from 21°N on the East Pacific Rise. The range of δ 18 O of TAG anhydrite brackets the value of seawater sulfate oxygen (~9.34‰), which is known to be out of isotopic equilibrium with ocean-water oxygen at ocean temperatures. Anhydrite sulfate from active hydrothermal deposits, in isotopic equilibrium with fluids at approximately 200°C, will dissolve back into the oceans during episodes of hydrothermal quiescence, without further modification because of the sluggish kinetics of sulfate-water oxygen-isotopic exchange at low temperatures. This provides an additional reservoir of isotopically light sulfate oxygen to the anhydrite that precipitates wit hin the oceanic basement during hydrothermal recharge at the ridge.
Numerical and Experimental Studies of a Light-Weight Auxetic Cellular Vibration Isolation Base

This paper presents a preliminary study of the dynamic performance of a novel light-weight auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) cellular vibration isolation base constituted by reentrant hexagonal honeycombs. Numerical and experimental analyses were conducted to reveal the effects of Poisson’s ratio (cell angle) and relative density (cell thickness) of these reentrant honeycombs on the dynamic performance of this novel base and to propose design guidelines for the best use of the auxetic cellular vibration isolation system. By doing numerical analysis, we found that, by decreasing the relative density of reentrant honeycombs and increasing Poisson’s ratio of them, excellent vibration isolation performance of the auxetic cellular base will be achieved. This analysis was followed by static, modal, and frequency response tests, which verified the results of the numerical analysis.
Crop growth response and dynamics of inorganic phosphorus fractions after application of reactive Arad phosphate rock in Oxisol with different land use histories

Adsorbed or precipitated phosphorus can be susceptible to dissolution depending upon environmental conditions. This work evaluated both the partitioning and availability of the inorganic forms of P bound to Al, Fe and Ca in samples of a clayey Dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) (DRL) with different land use history, fertilized with Arad reactive natural phosphate in Goias State, Brazil. The inorganic fractions of Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P and the contents of Mehlich-1, ion-exchange resin, citric acid and Olsen extracted available P were determined in DRL. Plants grown in soil previously cultivated produce more beans than plants grown in soil not previously cultivated. The fractions Al-P and Fe-P represent the main inorganic forms in clayey DRL, being phosphorus availability closely related with the fraction Al-P. The distributions of the inorganic fractions of P in the soil fertilized with reactive phosphate were Fe-P = 45%, Al-P = 40% and Ca-P = 15%. The phosphorus content determined by alkaline extraction (Olsen Method) was closely related to levels of Al-P and Fe-P. On other hand, the concentrations determined by extracting acids (Mehlich-1 and citric acid) were more related to the Ca-P fraction. Fe-P and Al-P inorganic forms stocked over time with successive fertilizations in Oxisol with a history of cultivation in no-tillage may return to soil solution and provide the nutrient demand of plants. Key words: Cerrado soil, phosphorus fertilization, phosphorus fractionation, inorganic phosphorus.
Impact of Weddell Sea deep convection on natural and anthropogenic carbon in a climate model

A climate model is used to investigate the influence of Weddell Sea open ocean deep convection on anthropogenic and natural carbon uptake for the period 1860–2100. In a three‐member ensemble climate change simulation, convection ceases on average by year 1981, weakening the net oceanic cumulative uptake of atmospheric CO2 by year 2100 (−4.3 Pg C) relative to an ocean that has continued convection. This net weakening results from a decrease in anthropogenic carbon uptake (−10.1 Pg C), partly offset by an increase in natural carbon storage (+5.8 Pg C). Despite representing only 4% of its area, the Weddell Sea is responsible for 22% of the Southern Ocean decrease in total climate‐driven carbon uptake and 52% of the decrease in the anthropogenic component of oceanic uptake. Although this is a model‐specific result, it illustrates the potential of deep convection to produce an intermodel spread in future projections of ocean carbon uptake.
Kumaravadivelu’s Framework as a Basis for Improving English Language Teaching in Saudi Arabia: Opportunities and Challenges

This paper discusses the issues with EFL teaching in Saudi Arabia, including the reliance on traditional teaching methodologies and banning use of first languages in classrooms. As a result, these traditional teaching practices produce less proficient learners who have limited knowledge about proper linguistic use. In order to overcome these issues and have proficient learners who can effectively use the language, however, language teachers should understand an effective change is required. Kumaravadivelu’s framework (2006) is an opportunity for teachers to adopt new methods because it relies on global-level strategies, macrostrategies, that are general enough to allow teachers the opportunity to freely adjust their precise implementation in relation to individual teaching demands, along with more particular implementation tactics, microstrategies, that operationalize the macrostrategies in flexible and customizable ways according to perceived needs during the in-context process of teaching.
Ethnobotanical study and nutrient content of local vegetables consumed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Chotimah HENC, Kresnatita S, Miranda Y. 2013. Ethnobotanical study and nutrient content of local vegetables consumed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 14: 106-111. People in Central Kalimantan consume vegetables collected from the wild or traditionally cultivated. Documentation effort of them is very important because the diversity of local vegetables is threatened with extinction due to the conversion of peat land and forest fires. This study aimed to determine the diversity of local vegetables in Central Kalimantan, its use as a vegetable and nutrient content of some vegetables. The method used was the exploration and interviews. Exploration was carried out in three districts, namely Palangkaraya, Pulang Pisau, and Seruyan. Sampling of plants was done randomly and selectively. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that we recorded 42 plant species belonging to 30 families. There were many vegetables processing: stir-fry, make into clear soup, a light coconut milk soup, acidic soup, or just consumed as fresh vegetables. Based on the nutritional value, Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook had a potential to be developed as vegetables or medicinal plant. It had the highest protein, carbohydrate and minerals, namely P, Fe, Na and K among the vegetables analyzed.
Measuring internal service quality : Testing two approaches

Purpose – This paper builds upon the debate in the service quality literature regarding both the theoretical and practical effectiveness of expectations data in the measurement of internal service quality. Gap-based and perceptions-only approaches to measuring internal service quality are tested and their respective benefits and limitations evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – The internal service context used in this study is the provision of e-procurement software, training, and user support in four organisations. The two approaches are evaluated in terms of reliability and validity, as well as pragmatic aspects of survey administration. Findings – The various tests carried out indicate that both the gap-measure and perceptionsonly measure are reliable and valid, the latter being the marginally higher performer. Both approaches were found to have benefits and limitations, and so the empirical study, combined with contributions from the literature, generates some understanding of the internal service context in which the two approaches might be appropriate. Research limitations – This research study was confined to a particular type of internal service context: an internal e-procurement service. There is a need to further test alternative measurement approaches in different internal service contexts in order to further refine understanding of internal service quality measurement. Practical implications – For operations managers, the paper clarifies the basis on which they might choose between the two approaches to internal service quality measurement. Originality/value of the paper – This study is the first to directly test and compare the relative merits of these two approaches to internal service quality measurement. The paper also offers insights as to the operational contexts in which each approach might be appropriate.