Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Genotype × Environment Interaction of Grapevine Genotypes (Vitis vinifera L.) By Non Parametric Method

To evaluate genotype × environment interaction (GEI) of grapevine, 20 genotypes of grapevines with Russian origin were evaluated at one location in Urmia and four locations in Takestan (two locations under full irrigation and two locations under drought stress). This research was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications and three vines in each plot, in 2012-2013 season. Data on fruit yield (kg/vine) of the grapevine genotypes grown at different test locations were recorded and subjected to stability analysis by nonparametric methods. Result of the combined ANOVA revealed that variances due to genotypes, environments, and genotype-environment interactions were highly significant. Significant genotypic variance indicated genetic diversity among genotypes yield. The highest S i (1) and S i (2) mean absolute rank was observed for genotypes Ramfi TCXA, Apozoski Ramfi, X45 and Anapiski Ramfli, indicating the high instability of these genotypes. Among the individual Z values, it was found that genotypes Ramfi TCXA, Uzbakestan Moscat, Bli Ramfi, Apozoski Ramfi and Anapiski Ramfli were significantly stable relative to the others, of which the Z i (1) and Z i (2) values were greater than the table � 2 (0.05, 1)(3.84). The genotypes Skieve and Gezgiski Ramfi ranked the first and second, respectively, according to S i (3) , while, according to S i (6) , genotypes Skieve and Uzbakestan Moscat ranked the first and second, respectively. Genotypes Uzbakestan Moscat, Bli Ramfi and Kishmish Ramfi Azos, respectively, had the highest stability and lowest changes in different environments and were recommendable as stable genotypes in different areas . But, it should be noted that yield of these genotypes was moderate . Genotype Muscat had a high yield and moderate stability. As a result, these genotypes (Uzbakestan Moscat, Bli Ramfi, Skieve, Muscat and Kishmish Ramfi Azos) indicated greater resistance to environmental fluctuation and, therefore, increasing specificity of adaptability to low yielding environments.
Some Effects of Extreme Shortening on Frog Skeletal Muscle

In 1940 Ramsey and Street found that if isolated fibers of frog muscle were stimulated to shorten to more than one-third of the length at which maximum isometric tension was developed, some of their reactions were permanently changed. Probably the most important of these changes was an alteration in the relation of fiber length and isometric tension. Active tension developed at shorter lengths than before, and maximum isometric tensions were about 50% of normal. At that time, we believed that it was the contractile proteins that were affected because we could find no significant change in passive tension or in excitation, but this was not sufficient evidence to prove the point. Now that electron microscopy has so greatly increased the information on the fine structure of muscle, it seemed worthwhile to undertake further studies on muscle that has shortened below its normal limits. In 1940, we applied the term "delta state" to all such muscle, but in this paper we apply it only to muscle which has shortened to 35% or less of optimum tension length. This article will describe the results obtained to date in an electron microscope study of shortened muscle and will also include measurements of the resting oxygen consumption of delta state frog sartorius muscles.
Geomagnetic activity related NO<sub>x</sub> enhancements and polar surface air temperature variability in a chemistry climate model: modulation of the NAM index

Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy is used to simulate polar surface air temperature effects of geomagnetic activity variations. A transient model simulation was performed for the years 1960–2004 and is shown to develop polar surface air temperature patterns that depend on geomagnetic activity strength, similar to previous studies. In order to eliminate influencing factors such as sea surface temperatures (SST) or UV variations, two nine-year long simulations were carried out, with strong and weak geomagnetic activity, respectively, while all other boundary conditions were held to year 2000 levels. Statistically significant temperature effects that were observed in previous reanalysis and model results are also obtained from this set of simulations, suggesting that such patterns are indeed related to geomagnetic activity. In the model, strong geomagnetic activity and the associated NO x (= NO + NO 2 ) enhancements lead to polar stratospheric ozone loss. Compared with the simulation with weak geomagnetic activity, the ozone loss causes a decrease in ozone radiative cooling and thus a temperature increase in the polar winter mesosphere. Similar to previous studies, a cooling is found below the stratopause, which other authors have attributed to a decrease in the mean meridional circulation. In the polar stratosphere this leads to a more stable vortex. A strong (weak) Northern Hemisphere vortex is known to be associated with a positive (negative) Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index; our simulations exhibit a positive NAM index for strong geomagnetic activity, and a negative NAM for weak geomagnetic activity. Such NAM anomalies have been shown to propagate to the surface, and this is also seen in the model simulations. NAM anomalies are known to lead to specific surface temperature anomalies: a positive NAM is associated with warmer than average northern Eurasia and colder than average eastern North Atlantic. This is also the case in our simulation. Our simulations suggest a link between geomagnetic activity, ozone loss, stratospheric cooling, the NAM, and surface temperature variability. Further work is required to identify the precise cause and effect of the coupling between these regions.
Behavioral characterization of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) in the world: A bibliographic review

The Meloidae (blister or oil beetles) are widely distributed in the world. They have serious impacts, whether agronomic, veterinary or medical. The present review discussed several aspects in the behavioral ecology of Meloidae. The sexual behavior phases varied among meloid species including searching for mate, approaching and some physical contacts ending in mating. Cantharidin usually be employed as a nuptial gift in the courtship. Courtship may be repeated and the assortative mating may be taken place. Mate-guarding was, also, recorded for certain species. The present work comprehensively reviewed, also, the feeding tactics, defensive measures and cleaning antennae among the non-sexual behavioral patterns of Meloidae. An intensive attention was paid to the phoresy behavior focusing on triungulin structural adaptation for phoresy, scenarios of phoresy and phoresy as dispersal way as well as a taxonomic tool. The uses of sexual and egg-laying behavior in the systematics of Meloidae had been presented.
Improving runoff estimates from regional climate models: a performance analysis in Spain

An important step to assess water availability is to have monthly time series representative of the current situation. In this context, a simple methodology is presented for application in large-scale studies in regions where a properly calibrated hydrologic model is not available, using the output variables simulated by regional climate models (RCMs) of the European project PRUDENCE under current climate conditions (period 1961–1990). The methodology compares different interpolation methods and alternatives to generate annual times series that minimise the bias with respect to observed values. The objective is to identify the best alternative to obtain bias-corrected, monthly runoff time series from the output of RCM simulations. This study uses information from 338 basins in Spain that cover the entire mainland territory and whose observed values of natural runoff have been estimated by the distributed hydrological model SIMPA. Four interpolation methods for downscaling runoff to the basin scale from 10 RCMs are compared with emphasis on the ability of each method to reproduce the observed behaviour of this variable. The alternatives consider the use of the direct runoff of the RCMs and the mean annual runoff calculated using ﬁve functional forms of the aridity index, deﬁned as the ratio between potential evapotranspiration and precipitation. In addition, the comparison with respect to the global runoff reference of the UNH/GRDC dataset is evaluated, as a contrast of the “best estimator” of current runoff on a large scale. Results show that the bias is minimised using the direct original interpolation method and the best alternative for bias correction of the monthly direct runoff time series of RCMs is the UNH/GRDC dataset, although the formula proposed by Schreiber (1904) also gives good results
Application of abscisic acid rapidly upregulated UFGT gene expression and improved color of grape berries

The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the color of 'Crimson Seedless' grapes was linked to expression of the key anthocyanin pathway gene UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3- O -glucosyltransferase (UFGT). In the skins of ABA treated fruits, the level of mRNA UFGT increased markedly within one week and then returned to levels that were similar to those of non-treated fruits after three weeks. The mRNA UFGT levels from untreated fruits were similar from veraison to nine weeks later. The color of ABA treated fruit also changed quickly. One week after application, the skins of trated fruits had lower lightness (L*) and hue (h°), and they remained darker and more red-colored throughout the experiment.
Effects of nonperturbatively improved dynamical fermions in QCD at fixed lattice spacing

We present results for the static inter-quark potential, lightest glueballs, light hadron spectrum and topological susceptibility using a non-perturbatively improved action on a $16^3\times 32$ lattice at a set of values of the bare gauge coupling and bare dynamical quark mass chosen to keep the lattice size fixed in physical units ($\sim 1.7$ fm). By comparing these measurements with a matched quenched ensemble, we study the effects due to two degenerate flavours of dynamical quarks. With the greater control over residual lattice spacing effects which these methods afford, we find some evidence of charge screening and some minor effects on the light hadron spectrum over the range of quark masses studied ($M_{PS}/M_{V}\ge0.58$). More substantial differences between quenched and unquenched simulations are observed in measurements of topological quantities.
How photobleaching affects dosimetry and fluorescence monitoring of PDT in turbid media

The observation of photobleaching is affected by the tissue optics. The apparent time constant for photobleaching at a particular irradiance of light is related to the true photobleaching constant, D, in J/cm2 by a factor which depends on the tissue optical properties, especially at the wavelength used to excite fluorescence. We report in vivo experimental measurements of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) photobleaching in subcutaneous rat tumors which suggest tentative values for D of about 105 +/- 23 J/cm2 during 630 nm irradiation. The effect of such a photobleaching constant on the photodynamic dose, P, in photons/cm3 absorbed by PPIX, was calculated. We estimate that an initial PPIX concentration of about 0.2 (mu) g/ml is required such that P reaches twice the toxic threshold photodynamic dose, Pth, which is assumed to be similar to the 8.6 X 1017 value cited for PhotofrinII. The above estimates are subject to further investigation. This paper presents the mathematics underlying the process of photobleaching and its observation based on fluorescence monitoring.
A New Simulation Method of Loss Estimation in Power Factor Correction Converters

Loss analysis in a power factor correction AC-to- DC converter is often difficult to predict. One concern is finding a correct MOSFET simulation model. Another is the time- consuming aspect of doing simulation over a whole line cycle to determine MOSFET loss. This paper discusses a new simulation method that approximates the sinusoidal AC input voltage as a six-step DC input voltage in the simulation in order to significantly reduce the simulation while continuing the accurate loss estimation. Simulation results and comparison of time consumed are given.
Microbial adaptation for accelerated atrazine mineralization/ degradation in Mississippi Delta soils

Abstract Most well-drained Mississippi Delta soils have been used for cotton production, but corn has recently become a desirable alternative crop, and subsequently, atrazine use has increased. Between 2000 and 2001, 21 surface soils (0 to 5 cm depth) with known management histories were collected from various sites in Leflore, Sunflower, and Washington counties of Mississippi. Atrazine degradation was assessed in 30-d laboratory studies using 14C-ring–labeled herbicide. Mineralization was extensive in all soils with a history of one to three atrazine applications with cumulative mineralization over 30 d ranging from 45 to 72%. In contrast, cumulative mineralization of atrazine from three soils with no atrazine history was only 5 to 10%. However, one soil with no history of atrazine application mineralized 54 and 29% of the atrazine in soils collected in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Methanol extracted 15 to 23% of the 14C-atrazine 7 d after treatment in soils having two applications within the past 6 yr, whereas 65 to 70% was extracted from no-history soils. First-order kinetic models indicated soil with 2 yr of atrazine exposure exhibited a half-life of less than 6 d. Most probable number (MPN) estimates of atrazine-ring mineralizing-microorganisms ranged from 450 to 7,200 propagules g−1 in atrazine-exposed soils, and none were detected in soils with no history of atrazine use. Although most soils exhibited rapid atrazine mineralization, analysis of DNA isolated from these soils by direct or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) failed to amplify DNA sequences with primers for the atzA atrazine chlorohydrolase gene. These results indicate that microbial populations capable of accelerated atrazine degradation have developed in Mississippi Delta soils. This may reduce the weed control efficacy of atrazine but also reduce the potential for off-site movement. Studies are continuing to identify the genetic basis of atrazine degradation in these soils. Nomenclature: Atrazine; cyanazine; DEA, de-ethyl atrazine; DIA, de-isopropyl atrazine; corn, Zea mays L. ; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.
Using Pictures to Facilitate EFL Students' Comprehension and Recall of Unillustrated Prose Information in Listening Comprehension Practice

This study investigated the effects of dual coding using pictures on measures of Iistening comprehension and recall of EFL university students. A4×2factorial design was used to examine the effects of two independent variables. The pictorial variable consisted of four conditions: (1)no pictorial support while 368 Shinji OGAsAwARA listening to the prose once; (2) no pictorial support while listening to the prose twice (repetition effe'ct); (3) seeing pictures before listening to the prose (dual coding); (4) seeing pictures after listening to the prose (dual coding). The listening comprehension proficiency variable consisted of two levels: (1) intermediate and (2) low, assessed by the JACET LISTENING TEST. Two hundred and eighty-eight university students participated in the 8 treatment groups. Comprehension and recall were measured by (1) a post-test that consisted of 12 factual and 12 inferential questions; and (2) a retention test of the same questions that was administered a week later. Results showed that dual coding using pictures facilitated and enhanced students' comprehension and recall of unillustrated prose information. Specific.ally, students who saw pictures after listening to the prose once scored as high as those who listened to the prose twice.
INTERACTION AND INTERSECTION: THE CONSTELLATION OF EMOTIONAL STABILITY AND EXTRAVERSION IN PREDICTING PERFORMANCE

This study investigated the constellation of 2 Big 5 traits—Emotional Stability and Extraversion—in predicting job performance. Two forms of the constellation, one indirect (a statistical interaction) and the other direct (a measure of the intersection between the traits from the Big 5 circumplex), were used to predict job performance. Data were collected from employees and their supervisors at a regional health and fitness center. Results indicated that both measures predicted performance, even when controlling for the “main effects” of Emotional Stability and Extraversion, as well as 2 other relevant Big 5 traits (Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). These results suggest that the combination of Emotional Stability and Extraversion—reflecting a “happy” or “buoyant” personality—may be more important to performance than either trait in isolation. In the past 15 years, the scientific currency of dispositional explanations of organizationally relevant behavior has undergone a radical transformation. Although 40 years ago Guion and Gottier (1965) expressed pessimism regarding the validity of personality measures in personnel selection decisions, in contemporary research this review is usually cited as an example of how far research has advanced. J. Hogan and Holland (2003) summarized, “Since 1990, meta-analytic reviews have shown that personality measures are useful predictors of job performance” (p. 100). Barrick and Mount (2005, p. 359) conclude, “Research, based on a constructoriented approach primarily using the ‘Big Five’ traits, has consistently shown that personality predicts job performance across a wide variety of outcomes. ”
Creativity of Disaffected Students

school in Hong Kong completed a survey asking about their academic self-concept, effort goal orientation in school motivation, originality in thinking, and imagination. The reliabilities of the 4 scales were good (alphas = .69, .73, .73, and .66, respectively). Principal component analysis supported the 4 factors and the low to medium correlations among them (rs from .28 to .47) showed that the factors were distinct from each other. Among the students in the 6 th grade classes, those students found by teachers to be disaffected and occasionally disruptive (n=20) were compared with all the other students (n=79) in the 4 measures. Analysis of variance results showed that students found to be disaffected and disruptive did not differ from the other students in self-concept and their effort goal orientation. However, the disaffected and disruptive students scored significantly higher in their self-perceptions of originality and imagination. The results cast doubt not only on the assumption of the weaknesses of disaffected students, but also the appropriateness of the school curriculum to suit their needs. Curriculum designers and teachers should consider learning activities that may fully nurture the disaffected students’ creativity components to help them become useful citizens. Gardner (1993) has proposed that every individual has multiple intelligencies that enable the individual to display his or her talents and potentials. Thus if the school can provide a nurturing environment for the development of various intellegencies, adolescents should be able to strengthen their specific talents and develop into successful individuals (Ainscow et al., 1994; Gardner, 2000; Renzulli & Reis, 1997). According to Erikson’s (1963, 1968) theory of development, students aged 12 to 14 are experiencing a critical stage in their development of a sense of competence and self-concepts. Unfortunately, for some students of this age group who do not find success in their academic achievement, their talents and potentials may be geared unduly to some form of undesirable behavior that may have the unwelcome function of attention seeking or establishing a self-identity in an undesirable way (Wallace, 1983; Whitmore, 1980). Given their originality and creativity, talented students could generate all kinds of unpredictable ways to upset the harmonious climate of the classroom. The present study examines the motivation, self-concept, and creativity of disaffected 6th grade students who have displayed some form of talents in a primary school in Hong Kong.
Stock Market Reactions to Dividend Announcements: Empirical Evidence From the Singapore Stock Market

The present study investigates the 50 randomly selected companies from Singapore Stock Exchange to assess the impact of the dividend initiation announcement and omission announcement on the share prices of the companies under study. The study has analyzed the impact of dividend initiations announcement on the size of firms by dividing the firms into small and big categories. Further, the relationship between changes in dividend and company’s future earnings is also analyzed. The study finds that the dividend initiation announcement’s impact on the share prices of Singapore companies is trivial and uncertain.
New Technology Usage for Sustaniable Dairy Cow Reproductive Perfomances

Technology gives many oppurtunites for cattle farmers for easier and effective herd management possibilities. New era provides many realistic applications using smart applications for farmers. Especially milking is very popular for engineering applications. Reproductive technologies can be seen as frontier applications. Reproductive performances of the dairy farms can be defined as number of calves for cows in a year. It means new material for meat and milk production. Because new female calf means new cow for her while male calf means new material for beef. If meat and milk production are to be increased, cow productivity, i.e. the number of calves produced lifetime must be improved and increased. Although varying among herds, annual average herd incidences of reproductive disorders and reproductive performance were similar to those reported. Managerial practices influenced incidences of retained placenta and uterine infection, days open of cows not bred and of all cows, services per conception and percentages of herd open more than 100 days and culled for low production. Good heat detection programs can have a major impact on overall herd reproductive performance. The best heat detection programs start with careful timing, good observation and the effective use of detection aids. Being able to distinguish and interpret cow behaviour and other signs is critical, so are good record keeping and training for the people responsible for heat detection. Generaly, farmers with the best heat detection results use a combination of observation and heat detection aids. Several options are available to aid heat detection and increase heat detection rates. Although a rich variety of methods have been introduced for the detection of oestrus, a more accurate and practical method is still required.