Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Low Oil Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

Corn-based ethanol production is exponentially growing in the U.S. As the use of ethanol as a fuel source increases, so does the need to find valuable uses for coproducts of the production process, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). DDGS is a good source of nutrients, energy, and protein. Currently DDGS is sold by ethanol processors as livestock feed, thereby increasing profit for the production plants. As the industry continues to grow, there will be a growing need to find additional uses for DDGS. Physical and chemical properties of coproduct streams are becoming increasingly investigated, as these characteristics affect many aspects of utilization, such as target species, optimal dietary inclusion rates, transportation, flowability, and behavior during storage. Potential avenues for future use of DDGS may include value added feed, food, and industrial products. Additionally, much interest lies in extracting oil from DDGS to produce biodiesel and other products. If oil is extracted from DDGS, the resulting chemical and physical properties of the remaining constituents may be substantially altered. Thus the objective of this research was to quantify, using standard laboratory methods, physical property values for low oil DDGS, including moisture content, water activity, thermal properties, bulk density, angle of repose, and color. Results from this study will be valuable to ethanol manufacturers and livestock producers alike, as more uses for ethanol coproducts are implemented. Thus more value can be extracted from the humble kernel of corn.
The Impact of Front-End Usability Guidelines on Consumer Evaluations of E-Commerce Web Pages

This thesis examined the impact of usability guidelines and front-end web site design on consumer aesthetic evaluations of e-commerce web sites and perceptions of the e-retailer. A detailed web site design guidelines framework was developed from an in-depth review of the usability, human factors, and human-computer interaction web design guidelines literature. Four web site design factors (background color, white space, thumbnail image location, and thumbnail image size) were selected and varied using this framework. In addition, as a secondary research focus, this study explored the impact of these front-end web site design factors on consumer trust, product preference, and purchase intention. Based upon the literature, a conceptual model was proposed which integrated usability and web site design with consumer web site evaluation, trust, purchase intention, satisfaction, and loyalty. Conjoint analysis methodology was then used to design web page prototypes. Results showed that subtle front-end web site design elements impacted consumer aesthetic evaluations of the web page and subsequent e-retailer evaluations, although individual-level analysis showed a high level of heterogeneity across respondents. Results also provided support for the conceptual model developed.
Referrals from Primary Care to Tertiary Care in the University Hospital

Objective: To assess the situation and cause of referral of outpatients who are covered by Siriraj universal coverage (UC) scheme from primary care unit (PCU) to tertiary care (TC) hospital (both PCU and TC hospital are a part of Siriraj Hospital). Methods: This study used the 2008-2011 computerized data to explore the financial situation of the hospital in influencing the use of universal coverage scheme and the cause of referral situation from the PCU to the TC hospital. Results: The top ten diseases which were the important causes of referral of UC patients from the PCU to the TC hospital were cataract, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, abnormal joint, osteoarthritis, infection, allergic rhinitis, depression, and wound complication. Inadequate essential drug list, unsupportable workloads, lack of specific equipment, and lack of specific physicians at the PCU have tended to refer the chronic or complicated patients to TC. Conclusion: The trends of UC patients at the PCU were continuously increasing and more than half of patients were referred to the TC. Referral from PCU to TC was the important reason for high expenditure of the registered contractors’ units. This is the challenging situation which the administrators have to manage in the limited resource. Keywords: Referral, primary care, tertiary care, university hospital Siriraj Med J 2014;66:91-96
The Role of Bibliotherapy in Value System Formation by Undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

This study investigated the role of bibliotherapy in value system formation by undergraduates in seven faculties of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Out of the 1,372 sampled students, 746 (54.37%) were males and 626 (45.63%) were females. The Chi-square statistical method at the alpha level of 0.05 was used in testing four hypotheses developed for the study. The results were statistically significant. Findings indicate that bibliotherapy exerts determining influence on value system formation by undergraduates with respect to group-, self-, society-, environment- and nation- oriented values. These findings corroborated previous studies by educators, librarians, physicians, nurses, psychologists and occupational therapists or bibliotherapists who are of the consensus that the book exerts influence on the human spirit and impacts heavily on human behavior and formation of value system.
Tissue Distribution and Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Ergeria Radiata from the Upper Reaches of the Nun River, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Fresh samples of the clam Ergeria radiata were collected at six stations spanning 50 km along the upper reaches of the Nun River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The animals were dissected into the foot, gills, viscera and shell and digested separately according to standard methods. Selected trace elements (PZn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) were analysed in each category to delineate the portioning of the elements in the organism.
Conceptual or procedural mathematics for engineering students – views of two qualified engineers from two countries

This study forms part of a collaboration project between universities in South Africa and Sweden in which we investigate whether the emphasis in undergraduate mathematics courses for engineering students would benefit from being more conceptually oriented than a traditional more procedurally oriented way of teaching. In this paper, we report in some detail from two interviews with professional engineers, selected to represent two different ‘poles’ of engineering work. The aim was to explore different kinds of arguments regarding the role of mathematics in engineering work, as well as some common across contexts. Both interviewees feel that conceptual mathematics is more important for engineering work, although the role of the procedural aspect was seen by one of the interviewees also to be important, but in a very intricate way.
A two‐dimensional IR spectroscopic (2D‐IR) simulation of protein conformational changes

Two‒dimensional IR correlation spectroscopy (2D‒IR) is a novel method that provides the analysis of infrared spectra with the capacity to differentiate overlapping peaks and to distinguish between in‒phase and out‒of‒phase spectral responses. Artificial spectra originated from protein amide I band component parameters have been used to study their variation in the correlation maps. Using spectra composed of one, two or three Gaussian peaks, behaviour patterns of the bands in the synchronous and asynchronous maps have been originated, with changes in intensity, band position and bandwidth. Intensity changes produce high‒intensity spots in the synchronous spectra, whereas only noise is observed in the asynchronous spectra. Band shifting originates more complex patterns. In synchronous spectra, several spots are generated at the beginning and at the end of the shifting band. Also, characteristic asynchronous spectra with butterfly‒like shapes are formed showing the trajectory of the shift. Finally, synchronous maps corresponding to band broadening reveal several spots at peak inflection points, related to the zones with higher intensity variation. The asynchronous spectra are very complex but they follow a characteristic symmetric pattern. Furthermore, examples of maps obtained from polypeptides and proteins using temperature as the perturbing factor are interpreted in terms of the patterns obtained from artificial bands.
ON HEDGE FUND TRADING AND PERFORMANCE

OF DISSERTATION ESSAYS ON HEDGE FUND TRADING AND PERFORMANCE In the first essay, I create a hedge fund informed trading measure (ITM) that separates information related trades from liquidity driven trades. The results indicate that ITM predicts future stock returns at the trade level, thus is associated with information. By aggregating the most informed trades at the stock level, I find that stocks heavily purchased by informed hedge funds earn a significant alpha. The results indicate that the ITM performs better than some previously documented measures and is robust to two different versions of the measure. The second essay exploits the expiring nature of hedge fund lockups to create a new, within-fund proxy of funding liquidity risk. When funds have lower funding liquidity risk, risk-adjusted performance improves and exposure to tail risk increases. We use fund fixed-effects, a placebo approach, and a regression discontinuity design to establish a link between funding liquidity risk and the ability of funds to capitalize on risky mispricing. The third essay explores hedge fund managers ability to identify and trade on stock mispricing opportunity. We refer to the amount of capital that are is locked up and refrained from redemption as the stable capital, and study how it affects stock mispricing. We find that when funds have more lockup capital, they are more likely to take mispricing risks. Taking all funds together, more stable capital in the industry is driving the reduction or even correction of market-wide stock mispricing. Underpriced stocks benefit more than overpriced stock from hedge funds stable capital.
Final version A New Framework for Testing the Effect of Government Spending on Growth and Productivity

Does government spending have a positive or negative effect on economic growth? The results of earlier empirical studies give mixed results. In this study we suggest a new method for testing the effect of different kinds of government expenditure on productivity growth in the private sector. The focus on productivity in the private sector and the use of disaggregated data makes it possible to avoid or mitigate a number of methodological problems. The major conclusions, which are quite robust, are that government transfers, consumption and total outlays have consistently negative effects, while educational expenditure has a positive effect, and government investment has no effect on private productivity growth. The impact is also found to work solely through total factor productivity and not via the marginal productivity of labor and capital. JEL Classification: H30 and/or O41.
Panel Cointegration Analysis of Government Spending, Exports, Imports and Economic Growth

This study explores association among government spending, exports of country, imports of country and its economic growth. Eight countries have been included in the panel for this purpose. Panel data over the time period from 1995 to 2011 has been used for the analysis. Stationarity of variables has been tested by using IPS test for unit root whereas cointegration has been tested by applying Pedroni panel cointegration test. Hausman test has been used to choose the appropriate estimation technique. Fixed effects model has been used for estimation of model as suggested by results of Hausman test. Results of Pedroni cointegration test imply the presence of cointegration between variables. Results of fixed effects model show that government spending, exports and domestic private investment affect economic growth positively and significantly. However, imports affect economic growth negatively and significantly. Study recommends to increase government spendings for development purposes, exports and domestic investment and reduction in imports to boost up economic growth of selected countries.
Effect of supplementing pounded Prosopis juliflora pods on hematological profiles of Afar goats fed on Panicum antidotale hay

A study was conducted on thirty two 15.5±1.4 kg (mean ± SD) male Afar goats so as to evaluate effects of increasing dietary levels of pounded Prosopis juliflora (P. juliflora) pod on their performance. Hematological values, individual feed intake and body weight gain were determined during a 90-day experimental period. Four dietary treatments were applied using complete randomized design (CRD). The treatments were the experimental units (goats). The experimental feeds were 0 g P. juliflora (T1 as control animals), 150 g (T2), 300 g (T3), and 450 g (T4) and Panicum antidotale hay was offered as a roughage source, that is, ad libitum. Results of total dry matter and nutrient intakes, growth and feed conversion rates were appreciable as the amount of pounded P. juliflora is increased from 0 to 300 g. However, these values declined sharply as the amount of pounded P. juliflora supplementation increased to 450 g. Hematological analysis showed that there is significant difference (P<0.01) among all treatments in all of the parameters taken. However, all of the values were under the normal range mentioned for healthy goat breeds. Overall, feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion were maximized at 150 g pounded P. juliflora. This result also indicated that pounded P. juliflora pod could be fed to Afar goats up to 450 g without compromising their health. Key words: Afar goats, growth, health, hematology, pod, Prosopis juliflora.
SOSTOOLS: Sum of squares optimization toolbox for MATLAB

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the
Primary music teacher education in England and Turkey

This research investigates the primary student teachers' music education in England and Turkey. It is aimed to determine the generalist PGCE and specialist B.Ed students' attitudes and confidence towards primary music teaching before and after their teacher education courses. Similarly it investigated the 3(^rd) and 4(^th) year generalist student teachers' attitudes and confidence towards primary music teaching. Pre and post course questionnaires, interviews and informal observations were used for the study in England and a single questionnaire was applied to Turkish students. Factor analysis was used to construct a valid post-course questionnaire, which was also used to interpret some of the findings. English students' attitudes towards music teaching are based on three factors: (I) confidence in pedagogical content knowledge, (II) beliefs about value of music, (III) enjoyment of teaching music. Turkish students' responses on attitude statements created four factors: (I) confidence in content of music, (II) teaching role and beliefs to the value of music, (III) confidence in pedagogy, (IV) enthusiasm for music teaching. Turkish students tended to separate their pedagogical confidence from their subject knowledge confidence, whereas these aspects were merged for English students. In contrast to the Turkish teacher education course, the PGCE course increased students' confidence in their pedagogical knowledge and in creative activities at the end of their course. 3(^rd) year Turkish students were more confident in their musical and teaching knowledge and had more positive beliefs about the value of music education than the 4(^th) year students. Lack of time for music teaching practice and class management problems were shown as the main obstacles to the development of students' confidence to teach music further. The main implication for Turkish courses is to give more emphasis on pedagogy and creative activities for the education of students and English students should be given more chance to teach music during their teaching practice. Key Words: primary music education, specialist-generalist student teachers, attitude, confidence, and teaching practice.
Diet selection by young deer grazing mixed ryegrass/white clover pastures.

Groups of weaned red deer stags were grazed from May to December 1988 under continuous stocking management to maintain mixed perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures, with or without direct- drilled 'Grasslands Moata' annual ryegrass, at sward heights of 5 cm and 10 cm. Diet selection was estimated from (a) samples of fresh ingesta collected from rumen tistulated animals, and (b) defoliation of marked populations of grass tillers and clover stolon units. Proportion of clover in ingesta samples was consistently smaller than in the pasture, whereas plant observations showed similar frequency and severity of defoliation of grass and clover except in December, when clover was defoliated more severely. Obser- vations on pasture structure indicated that clover foliage occurred lower in the canopy, and was grazed closer to the soil level, than grass leaves. Therefore, despite the evidence on diet composition, the results are interpreted as indicative of active selection for clover by the deer. The results are compared with published evidence on diet selection by grazing sheep.
Relationship between learning outcomes and online accesses

This paper reports on a study carried out in Thailand investigating the relationship between students' use of an e-learning system and their learning outcomes in a course on Business Statistics. The results show a clear relationship between accesses to the e-learning system, as measured by number of "hits", and outcomes, as measured by final results. While the results do not establish a direct casual connection, they indicate that under appropriate conditions a component of online study provides significant benefits to learning. In this, it contrasts with the results of recent studies that find no relationship between access and results. Quotes taken from interviews with some of the students illuminate the relationship between the online learning environment and their own learning.
CLINICAL AND MRI ASSESSMENT OF THE PAROTID GLAND IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: PRELIMINARY STUDY.

Ola Mohamed Rehan MSc 1 , Hoda Abdel Kader Saleh PhD 2 , Dr. Ayman Ismail Kamel PhD 3 and Noha Saleh Abu Taleb PhD 4 . 1. Assistant Lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. 2. Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. 3. Professor of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University 4. Assoc. Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Economic framework for integrating environmental stewardship into food security strategies in low-income countries: case of agroforestry in southern African region

One of the greatest challenges in many Sub-Saharan Africa countries especially where seasonal food deficits occur frequently, is how best to achieve a balance between the goals of food security and agricultural production on the one hand, and the concerns for the conservation of environmental quality and natural resources capital on the other. A number of agricultural production technologies (based on natural resource management principles) exist that offer opportunities for achieving the two seemingly divergent goals because they have the characteristics to produce joint multiple outputs, i.e, they produce food and provide environmental services. However, farmer adoption of these technologies has generally been limited. Drawing from natural resource economics, this study presents a conceptual framework that provide environmental-economic logic for establishing incentives that internalize the environmental services produced by multiple-outputs land use technologies. Using a land use practice based on agroforestry principles (that is, “improved tree fallows”) as a case study, this paper synthesizes studies carried out in southern Africa region for over a decade. It then discusses how the potential impacts of the technological advances made in research and development are affected by policy and institutional constraints, among other challenges. With particular emphasis on the socio-economic context in southern Africa, the paper identifies options for addressing these institutional and policy constraints in order to facilitate adoption of multi-output land use practices by farmers and unlock their potential to meet food production goals for individual households and environmental services for the wider society. Keywords: Adoption, Agri-Environmental quality, Environmental services, Natural resource economics, Payment for environmental services, Science-policy linkages
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on the Disposal of Sharps in Patients of the UP-Philippine General Hospital Diabetes Clinic

Introduction. Diabetics using insulin are the largest group of patients that use syringes and needles outside of the hospital. Despite this, few studies have been done regarding the disposal of sharps of these patients in the community setting. Objectives. The objective of phase 1 was to create a validated, self-administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetic patients with regard to the disposal of sharps in the community setting. The objectives of phase 2 were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of these patients and identify which factors influence these characteristics. Methodology. Literature review and a focus group discussion were conducted. A conceptual framework based on the Health Belief Model was created. Questionnaire items were reviewed by an expert panel, translated into Filipino and pre-tested. The final questionnaire was administered to 130 patients. Results. Majority of patients (82%) disposed of their sharps through the community garbage collection and most (76%) used a sharps container. Less than one-fourth (23.7%) had acceptable disposal techniques. Respondents had moderate knowledge (mean score of 62.2%) and positive attitude (mean score of 3.95 out of 5) towards sharps disposal. A longer duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin use negatively influenced disposal practices. Attitude was positively influenced by needle stick injury to self and college education, but being married exerted a negative influence. Conclusion. The majority of patients at the UP-PGH DM clinic have improper sharps disposal practices, and need to be better educated about proper techniques.