Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 Activity by Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling*

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of cellular adaptive responses to hypoxia. Levels of the HIF-1α subunit increase under hypoxic conditions. Exposure of cells to growth factors, prostaglandin, and certain nitric oxide donors also induces HIF-1α expression under non-hypoxic conditions. We demonstrate that muscarinic acetylcholine signals induce HIF-1α expression and transcriptional activity in a receptor subtype-specific manner using HEK293 cells transiently overexpressing each of M1-M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The muscarinic signaling pathways inhibited HIF-1α hydroxylation and degradation and induced HIF-1α protein synthesis that was confirmed by pulse labeling studies. Muscarinic signal-induced HIF-1α protein and HIF-1-dependent gene expression were blocked by treating cells with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, MAP kinase kinase, or tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Dominant-negative forms of Ras and/or Rac-1 significantly suppressed HIF-1 activation by muscarinic signaling. Signaling via M1- and M3- but not M2- or M4-AchRs promote accumulation and transcriptional activation of HIF-1α. We conclude that muscarinic acetylcholine signals activate HIF-1 by both stabilization and synthesis of HIF-1α and by inducing the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α.
Management of Uncertainty in Real Estate Development Appraisals: A Literature Review

This paper provides an in-depth examination of various concepts related to the forms and sources of uncertainty, as well as the management of uncertainty in real estate development (RED). The study also examines factors influencing the adoption of Real Option Analysis (ROA) in RED given the need to improve the knowledge of stakeholders in RED appraisal, and to ensure best practices. Based on desktop analysis of past authors’ perspectives, orientations and submissions regarding the management of uncertainty in RED appraisal, the findings reveal that while there are varying forms and sources of uncertainty in RED appraisals, there are also diverse methods used to manage the uncertainty of it. It is, however, noted that the methods employed are dependent on RED appraisers and other institutional factors. The consensus from previous studies favours ROA in managing uncertainty in RED. This paper adds to the debate for the need to embrace ROA in managing the effects of uncertainty in RED appraisal.
The Influence of Company Size, Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage and Tax Avoidance Disclosure Against the Islamic Social Reporting on Companies Listed On The Indonesian Stock Index of Sharia

This research aims to identify the influence of company size, profitability, liquidity, leverage, and tax avoidance against the disclosure of Islamic social reporting companies listed on the Indonesia Islamic stock index 2014-2016 period. The samples used in this study was 44 sample. Sample retrieval techniques in using the method of a purposive sample. Hypothesis testing in this study using multiple linear regression tests. ISR was evaluated based on content analysis, by analyzing the annual report of 18 sharia banks of 2014- 2017 period. In the checklist, the value of 1 was given for the report mentioning items of ISR and otherwise was 0. The results of this study with multiple regression tests shows simultaneously throughout the research variables affect the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting while partially 1) effect on company Size disclosure ISR, 2) Profitability does not effect disclosure ISR, 3) Liquidity has no effect against the disclosure ISR, 4) Leverage has no effect against the disclosure ISR . 5) tax avoidance to disclosure ISR. Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting, the size of the company, the company's performance
HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS, STORAGE AND COLLECTION IN THE VITTIN TARGET AREA, TAMALE-GHANA

Municipal solid waste management has become a complex developmental issue. It has been found not only to affect the environment and public health but it is noted to hinder efforts by several Governments especially in developing countries in the management of the environment. The study aimed at assessing waste management practices at the Vittin Target area, to estimate the quantity and components of waste generated. Questionnaires were distributed to 80 respondents and 80 samples of waste were collected from the various households. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The study revealed high dependence on private waste collection service providers instead of the usual communal collection systems. About 10% of the respondents practiced waste sorting in the study areas. The rate of solid waste generation was 22.07 kg/day whiles the per capita rate of solid waste generation was 0.33 kg/person/day. The waste was sorted into six fractions of which the highest component was organic, 41.5% by weight. Regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between generation rate of solid waste and the household size. The results indicate that household size could be an important tool to predict the generation rate of solid waste in the study area, in addition to other social and economic parameters. Based on the findings, there should be regular supervision and monitoring of waste collection by the sanitation institutions to prevent any possible outbreak of diseases such as cholera. Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Waste sorting, Generation rate, Household waste, regression analysis
Treatment benefit on cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 levels in the setting of systemic virological suppression and failure.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the effect of partially suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA levels and CSF inflammation. DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 139 HIV-1-infected subjects without active neurological disease, categorized as having successful therapy (plasma HIV-1 RNA level < or =500 copies/mL), having failure of therapy (plasma HIV-1 RNA level >500 copies/mL), or not receiving therapy. The control group consisted of 48 HIV-negative subjects. CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA assays had a lower limit of quantification of 2.5 copies/mL. Genotypic resistance testing was performed on a subset of subjects. RESULTS Of the 47 subjects with successful therapy, CSF HIV-1 RNA levels were <2.5 copies/mL in 34 (72%). Only 1 had an HIV-1 RNA level >500 copies/mL. Although plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were similar in 35 subjects with failed therapy and 57 of those not receiving therapy (P=.84), CSF HIV-1 RNA levels were at least 10-fold lower in subjects with failed therapy (P<.0001). This disproportionate effect of treatment on CSF HIV-1 RNA levels was found across the range of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and was not explained by differences in levels of drug resistance in plasma or CSF. Therapy reduced CSF inflammation in both treated groups. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, antiretroviral therapy had a greater effect on HIV-1 RNA levels in CSF than in plasma and reduced intrathecal inflammation, even in the presence of drug resistance.
Defining the hematopoietic stem cell niche: The chicken and the egg conundrum

Understanding the in vivo regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will be critical to identifying key factors involved in the regulation of HSC self‐renewal and differentiation. The niche (microenvironment) in which HSCs reside has recently regained attention accompanied by a dramatic increase in the understanding of the cellular constituents of the bone marrow HSC niche. The use of sophisticated genetic models allowing modulation of specific lineages has demonstrated roles for mesenchymal‐derived elements such as osteoblasts and adipocytes, vasculature, nerves, and a range of hematopoietic progeny of the HSC as being participants in the regulation of the bone marrow microenvironment. Whilst providing significant insight into the cellular composition of the niche, is it possible to manipulate any given cell lineage in vivo without impacting, knowingly or unknowingly, on those that remain? J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1486–1490, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conserving GW scheme for nonequilibrium quantum transport in molecular contacts

quasiparticle self-energy, but for practical reasons, we mainly specialize to the so-called GW self-energy, widely used to describe the quasiparticle band structures and spectroscopic properties of extended and lowdimensional systems. We restrict the GW self-energy to a finite, central region containing the molecule, and we describe the leads by density functional theory DFT. A minimal basis of maximally localized Wannier functions is applied both in the central GW region and the leads. The importance of using a conserving, i.e., fully self-consistent, GW self-energy is demonstrated both analytically and numerically. We introduce an effective spin-dependent interaction which automatically reduces self-interaction errors to all orders in the interaction. The scheme is applied to the Anderson model in and out of equilibrium. In equilibrium at zero temperature, we find that GW describes the Kondo resonance fairly well for intermediate interaction strengths. Out of equilibrium, we demonstrate that the one-shot G0W0 approximation can produce severe errors, in particular, at high bias. Finally, we consider a benzene molecule between featureless leads. It is found that the molecule’s highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap as calculated in GW is significantly reduced as the coupling to the leads is increased, reflecting the more efficient screening in the strongly coupled junction. For the I-V characteristics of the junction, we find that Hartree‐Fock HF and G0W0GHF yield results closer to GW than does DFT and G0W0GDFT. This is explained in terms of selfinteraction effects and lifetime reduction due to electron-electron interactions.
Patterns of Variation and Match Rates of the Anterior Biting Dentition: Characteristics of a Database of 3D‐Scanned Dentitions

An understanding of the variability of the anterior human dentition is essential in bitemark analysis. A collection of 1099 3D laser scans of paired maxillary and mandibular arches were studied using geometric morphometric methods. Analyses were performed without scale (shape only) and with scale (shape and size). Specimens differing by no more than experimentally obtained measurement error were counted as matches, or as indistinguishable. A total of 487 maxillary (396 size preserved), 131 mandibular (83 size preserved), and one paired dentition (two size preserved) matches were found. Principal component analysis and partial least squares revealed interpretable patterns of variation and covariation in dental shape, principally dominated by variation in dental arch width. The sensitivity of match rate to assumed degree of measurement error was also determined showing rapid increases in match rate as measurement error increased. In conclusion, the concept of dental uniqueness with regard to bitemark analysis should be approached with caution.
Human periodontal ligament cell responses to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with and without bone allografts.

BACKGROUND Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been found to promote the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Its effect depends on the delivery system used. In this study we examined the effect of rhBMP-2 on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells cultured alone or with 3 different bone allografts. METHODS The rhBMP-2 effect on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation was examined by measuring [3H] thymidine incorporation and ALPase activity, respectively, on human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Two human demineralized freeze-dried allografts of cortical (DFDBAco) and cancellous (DFBDAca) bone origin and 1 non-demineralized freeze-dried allograft (FDBA) of cancellous bone origin, derived from different tissue banks, were used to evaluate the rhBMP-2 effect on cell osteoblastic differentiation. The measurements were taken on various days. RESULTS rhBMP-2 decreased hPDL cell proliferation. rhBMP-2 acted on the third day of the process of cell differentiation, had a specific time of action, achieved its peak effect on the fourth and fifth days, and then did not provoke any further effects. The 3 bone allografts were efficiently combined with rhBMP-2. The combination of rhBMP-2 and DFDBAco showed the effect with the longest duration. rhBMP-2, on day 4, made the inactive bone allograft more active while, on the other days, its effect was dependent on the allograft alone. CONCLUSIONS rhBMP-2 promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and decreases cell proliferation. In this study rhBMP-2 in the presence of the bone allografts tested resulted in hPDL cell differentiation.
The impact of the ownership structure and board characteristics on earnings management in Nigeria’s listed deposit money banks

In many countries, there are a certain number of organizations going through severe crises due to a failure in corporate governance. In this study, the main aim is to determine how the ownership structure and the characteristics of the boards of Nigeria’s listed deposit money banks (DMBs) affect aggressive earnings management for a period of 5 years (2011-2016). The panel least-square method was used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed that private, foreign and government shareholdings have a negative and significant impact on aggressive earnings management. Also, directors’ tenures status has a significant effect on aggressive earning management, while the board size, the gender and the size of the firm have no such significant effect in the period observed. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the ownership structure has a significant impact on aggressive earnings management, whereas the characteristics of the board, excluding directors’ tenures status, do not have any significant effect. Hence, the study recommends that the 10% threshold imposed by the CBN on the government shareholding should be maintained, while regulatory and supervisory agencies are advised to pay adequate attention and conduct the monitoring of the activities performed by the CEOs of the banks, especially upon expiry of the directors’ tenure, so as to protect shareholders.
Diagnostic utility of anti-Ro52 detection in systemic autoimmunity

Objectives To determine the prevalence and diagnostic utility of monospecific anti-Ro52 (defined as an immune response against Ro-52 antigen in the absence of reactivity to Ro-60 antigen) reactivity in selected autoimmune diseases. Study design Stored diagnostic non-consecutive serum samples obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), rheumatoid arthritis, primary biliary cirrhosis and mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia were analysed by line immunoassay to detect the presence of anti-Ro52 and other autoantibodies. Results Monospecific anti-Ro52 reactivity was found in 51 (12.7%) of the 402 samples tested. Anti-Ro52 was the most common serological marker in patients with IIM (35/147, 23.8%) and co-occurred with anti-Jo1 (10/18, 55.6%; p=0.02). The prevalence of anti-Ro52 reactivity was significantly more than anti-Ro60 reactivity in patients with IIM, systemic sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, mixed essential cryoglobulinemia and pSS. The mean signal intensity of anti-Ro52 reactivity was significantly higher in pSS than SLE and associated with rheumatoid factor positivity. The mean signal intensity of anti-Ro52 correlated with anti-Ro60 and anti-La in pSS and SLE. Conclusions Monospecific anti-Ro52 reactivity is not disease specific but may be of importance in patients with IIM. Furthermore, as anti-Ro52 reactivity is more prevalent than anti-Ro60 reactivity in certain autoimmune conditions, specific testing for their distinction in clinical practice is recommended.
Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: multiple vitamin/mineral supplementation, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality among adults with esophageal dysplasia.

BACKGROUND A number of vitamins and minerals have been shown to influence carcinogenesis in experimental animals. In humans, epidemiologic evidence suggests that intake of fruits and vegetables may reduce risk of esophageal and other cancers. Vitamins and minerals in these foods may contribute to the reduced cancer risk. The people of Linxian, China, have persistently low intake of multiple nutrients and exhibit one of the world's highest rates of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer, with an exceptionally high risk of esophageal dysplasia. PURPOSE To determine whether supplementation with multiple vitamins and minerals may reduce esophageal/gastric cardia cancer among persons with esophageal dysplasia, we conducted a 6-year prospective intervention trial in Linxian. METHODS Mortality and cancer incidence were ascertained from May 1985 through May 1991 for 3318 persons with cytologic evidence of esophageal dysplasia who were randomly assigned to receive, throughout that period, daily supplementation with 14 vitamins and 12 minerals or placebo. Doses were typically two to three times U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances. Compliance was assessed by counting unused pills monthly for all trial participants and by assaying nutrient levels in blood collected from samples of individuals randomly selected without replacement every 3 months throughout the trial. Cancers were identified through routine surveillance and by special cytology and endoscopy screenings after 2 1/2 years and 6 years. RESULTS A total of 324 deaths occurred during the 6-year intervention period; 167 occurred in the control (placebo) group and 157 occurred in the supplement group. Cancer was the leading cause of death (54% of all deaths); 18% were due to cerebrovascular diseases and 29% to other causes. Cumulative esophageal/gastric cardia death rates were 8% lower (relative risk [RR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67-1.28) among individuals receiving supplements rather than placebo, a nonsignificant (P > .10) difference. Risk of total mortality was 7% lower (RR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.75-1.16; P > .10), total cancer 4% lower (RR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.71-1.29; P > .10), cerebrovascular disease 38% lower (RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.37-1.06; P = .08), and other diseases 12% higher (RR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.74-1.69; P > .10) among the treated group. Cumulative cancer incidence rates were nearly the same in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS No substantial short-term beneficial effect on incidence or mortality for this type of cancer occurred following daily supplementation with multiple vitamins and minerals among adults with precancerous lesions of the esophagus. IMPLICATIONS Although no statistically significant short-term benefits were observed, longer follow-up should be more informative about the effectiveness of this 6-year supplementation on cancer and other diseases among individuals with esophageal dysplasia.
Reduced glial and neuronal packing density in the orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol dependence and its relationship with suicide and duration of alcohol dependence.

BACKGROUND Reduced metabolism, blood flow, and tissue volume have been detected in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of neurologically intact alcoholic subjects and these deficits are accompanied by lower density of neurons and glial cells. Another prefrontal region, the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB), functionally and structurally differentiated from the dlPFC, and heavily involved in decision-making processes, also shows functional alterations in alcoholic subjects. However, it is unknown whether changes in the packing density of neurons or glial cells also occur in the ORB and whether that density may be related to the increased suicide probability of alcoholic subjects or to the duration of alcohol dependence. METHODS The present study used a 3-dimensional cell-counting method in postmortem brain tissue to determine the packing density of neurons and glial cells in the ORB (area 47) of 15 subjects with alcohol dependence (8 suicides, 7 nonsuicides) and 8 normal controls and to determine whether cell density is correlated with suicide and duration of alcohol dependence. RESULTS There was a significantly lower density of both neurons (by 27%) and glial cells (by 25%) in the ORB of alcoholic subjects compared with controls. Packing density of either neurons or glial cells was not significantly different in alcoholic suicides compared with alcoholic nonsuicides. Age was not correlated with neuronal or glial density in either group. However, the duration of alcohol dependence and the ratio of that duration to the length of life span were significantly and negatively correlated to the overall density of neurons. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that alcohol dependence is associated with a decrease in the packing density of neurons and glia in the ORB and that the reduction in neuronal but not glial density progresses with the duration of alcohol dependence.
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol

We have developed two taxon-selective primers for quick identification of the Fusarium genus. These primers, ITS-Fu-f and ITS-Fu-r were designed by comparing the aligned sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of a range of Fusarium species. The primers showed good specificity for the genus Fusarium, and the approximately 389-bp product was amplified exclusively. PCR sensitivity ranged from 100 fg to 10 ng for DNA extracted from Fusarium oxysporum mycelium. No amplification products were detected with PCR of DNA from Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina isolates using these primers. The assay is useful for rapid identification of Fusarium spp. cultures. The application of these PCR methods for early diagnosis of the seedling and wilt disease of cotton needs to be studied further.
Longitudinal association of anthropometry with mammographic breast density in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

High percent mammographic breast density is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. Though body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, BMI is negatively associated with percent breast density in cross‐sectional studies. Few longitudinal studies have evaluated associations between BMI and weight and mammographic breast density. We studied the longitudinal relationships between anthropometry and breast density in a prospective cohort of 834 pre‐ and perimenopausal women enrolled in an ancillary study to the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Routine screening mammograms were collected and read for breast density. Random intercept regression models were used to evaluate whether annual BMI change was associated with changes over time in dense breast area and percent density. The study population was 7.4% African‐American, 48.8% Caucasian, 21.8% Chinese, and 21.9% Japanese. Mean follow‐up was 4.8 years. Mean annual weight change was +0.32 kg/year, mean change in dense area was −0.77 cm2/year, and mean change in percent density was ‐1.14%/year. In fully adjusted models, annual change in BMI was not significantly associated with changes in dense breast area (−0.17 cm2, 95% CI −0.64, 0.29). Borderline significant negative associations were observed between annual BMI change and annual percent density change, with percent density decreasing 0.36% (95% CI −0.74, 0.02) for a one unit increase in BMI over a year. This longitudinal study provides modest evidence that changes in BMI are not associated with changes in dense area, yet may be negatively associated with percent density. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.