Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Country Portfolios in Open Economy Macro Models

This paper develops a simple approximation method for computing equilibrium portfolios in dynamic general equilibrium open economy macro models. The method is widely applicable, simple to implement, and gives analytical solutions for equilibrium portfolio positions in any combination or types of asset. It can be used in models with any number of assets, whether markets are complete or incomplete, and can be applied to stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models of any dimension, so long as the model is amenable to a solution using standard approximation methods. We first illustrate the approach using a simple two-asset endowment economy model, and then show how the results extend to the case of any number of assets and general economic structure.
Eastern Anatolia: A hotspot in a collision zone without a mantle plume

Eastern Anatolia is one of the best examples of an active continental collision zone in the world. It comprises one of the high plateaus of the Alpine-Himalaya mountain belt with an average elevation of ~2 km above sea level. Almost two thirds of this plateau is covered by young volcanic units related to collision. They range in age from 11 Ma to Recent and have a thickness of up to 1 km in places. The collision-related volcanic province is not confined to Eastern Anatolia but extends across much of the Caucasus in the East, including Eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Southern Russia, spanning a distance of some 1000 km. The region covered by the collision-related volcanic sequences comprises a regional domal shape (~1000 km in diameter), and this unique morphology is comparable to that of the Ethiopian High Plateau except for its north-south shortened asymmetrical shape. Recent geophysical data reveal that the lithospheric mantle is exceptionally thin or absent beneath this regional dome indicating that the aforementioned dome is currently supported by the asthenospheric mantle. By these features, the Eastern Anatolia-Iranian plateau and the Lesser Caucasus region as a whole can be regarded as the site of a "melting anomaly" or "hotspot" resembling closely the setting proposed for mantle plumes. However, geologic and geochemical data provide evidence against a plume origin. Instead, the results of recent geophysical studies coupled with geologic, geochemical and experimental findings support the view that both domal uplift and extensive magma generation can be linked to the mechanical removal of a portion or the whole thickness of the mantle lithosphere, accompanied by passive upwelling of normal-temperature asthenospheric mantle to a depth as shallow as 40-50 km. Mechanical removal of the mantle lithosphere might be controlled by delamination in the north beneath the Erzurum-Kars Plateau, while it might be linked to slabsteepening and breakoff in the south. Therefore, magma generation beneath Eastern Anatolia may have been controlled by adiabatic decompression of the asthenosphere. The Eastern Anatolian example is important in showing that not only plumes but also shallow plate tectonic processes have the potential to generate regional domal structures in the Earth's lithosphere as well as large volumes of magma in continental intraplate settings.
Sulfur dioxide emissions during the 2011 eruption of Shinmoedake volcano, Japan

Sulfur dioxide flux of the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption, which started in January 2011, was measured repeatedly throughout its activity. The SO2 flux, which was greater than 10,000 ton/day during the earlier stages, quickly decreased to below 1,000 ton/day over the following two weeks. The flux decreased gradually thereafter to about 200 ton/day by the second half of March 2011. It continued at that level until April 2012. To evaluate the amount of SO2 emitted during the 2011 eruption, daily SO2 flux was estimated based on direct observations and other information. The total SO2 emissions were about 280 kt, with nearly two-thirds emitted during the first two weeks. The degrees of excess degassing estimated for the lava accumulation stages were low (2.3–2.9), suggesting a small pre-eruptive bubble content in the magma. High SO2 flux observed immediately after the sub-Plinian eruptions and before rapid lava effusion is probably related to the extensive degassing of magma in the conduit, which probably played a role in the transition from explosive to effusive eruption. An abrupt and large flux decrease occurred around February 8, 2011, which might be attributable to depletion of pre-eruptive bubbles in the magma.
Compatible taper-volume models of Quercus variabilis Blume forests in north China

Abstract: Compatible taper and volume models were created for Quercus variabilis Blume (cork oak) forests in North China. 174 trees were felled to obtain stem analysis data. Linear mixed effects analyses were used in modelling. Firstly, a bark thickness model was built. Then diameter at breast height over bark (DBHob) for the inner layers of the 174 trees could be calculated, based on which a total volume model was built. The estimated volume and a specific parameter restriction were then substituted into a polynomial taper model, finally the taper model was fitted and compatible taper and volume models were obtained. Four sets of models based on different data sets were separately built and compared through coefficients of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), value of Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), residuals plots and histograms of residuals. Models based on data of the analyzed stems without ramicorns and simultaneously with relative diameter under 1.5 were chosen as the most precise. Further testing of the chosen models using the jackknife method for the bark thickness and total volume models and a validation data set for the taper model verified that those models can be used to predict bark thickness, diameter at a specific point along the stem, merchantable volume and total stem volume of cork oak forests in North China within specific tree diameter at breast height and height ranges.
A SURVEY OF ANTIBIOTICS PURCHASED WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION AMONG NON-HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS IN JEMBER, INDONESIA

Previous research showed that self-medication practice with antibiotics is widespread in developing countries and tertiary students are among these consumers. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the use of antibiotics without prescription among non-health science students in Jember and to identify the sources of non-prescription antibiotics. This cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2016 in all non-health science faculties of Universitas Jember. A questionnaire containing four main short questions about antibiotics use and questions related to socio-demographic information was distributed to students who gave consent. A number of 130 (58.5%) respondents admitted to ever acquire antibiotics without the presence of a physician prescription. Self-medication with antibiotics tended to be done by students from rural areas (p=0.04) and without health insurance (p=0.04). The sources of non-prescription antibiotics vary, but pharmacy was the most frequently cited to be the source (n=82; 46.3%). This study showed that the use of antibiotics without prescription among non-health science students and the sale of antibiotics without prescription among pharmacies in Jember are prevalent. Real responses from the government, relevant health professional associations, and education institutions to intervene these problems are significantly needed.
Communication of Central Bank Thinking and Inflation Dynamics

This paper studies the role of central bank communication of its economic assessment in shaping inflation dynamics. Imperfect information about the central bank’s assessment - or the basis for monetary policy decisions - could complicate the private sector’s learning about its policy response function. We show how clear central bank communication, which facilitates agents’ understanding of policy reasoning, could bring about less volatile inflation and interest rate dynamics, and afford the authorities with greater policy flexibility. We then estimate a simple monetary model to fit the Mexican economy, and use the suggested paramters to illustrate the model’s quantitative implications in scenarios where the timing, nature and persistence of shocks are uncertain.
The role of the QBO in the inter-hemispheric coupling of summer mesospheric temperatures

Inter-hemispheric coupling between the polar summer mesosphere and planetary-wave activity in the extra-tropical winter stratosphere has recently been inferred using Polar Mesospheric Cloud (PMC) properties as a proxy for mesospheric temperature (Karlsson et al., 2007). Here we confirm these results using a ten-year time series of July mesospheric temperatures near 60 degrees N derived from the hydroxyl (OH) nightglow. In addition, we show that the time-lagged correlation between these summer mesospheric temperatures and the ECMWF winter stratospheric temperatures displays a strong Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO). The sign and phase of the correlation is consistent with the QBO modulation of the extra-tropical stratospheric dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere via the Holton-Tan mechanism (Holton and Tan, 1980). This lends strength to the identification of synoptic and planetary waves as the driver of the inter-hemispheric coupling, and results in a strong QBO modulation of the polar summer mesospheric temperatures.
Superior Proliferative and Tissue Regeneration Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Compared to Bone Marrow: A Review

Adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells. The liposuction procedure to harvest adipose tissue is less invasive and produces less donor site morbidity than bone marrow aspirations. The current review outlines the potency advantage of Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) compared to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Including higher proliferative potential, more immunotolerance capabilities, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activity and angiogenesis and vascularization during tissue regeneration. Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, proliferative potential, tissue regeneration & angiogenesis.
Bet Hedging in Pdr5-mediated Drug Resistance and a Mechanism for Its Regulation

Human health is increasingly threatened by the emergence of multiply drug resistant malignant organisms. Yet, our understanding of the numerous ways by which such resistance arises is modest. Here we present evidence of a bet hedging strategy in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to counter the effects of cytotoxic drugs through the action of Pdr5, an ATP-binding cassette transporter. We have employed flow cytometry and fluorescent activated cell sorting to probe the expression levels of a GFP-tagged version of PDR5 in individual cells. The results obtained from these experiments demonstrate that each yeast population is variable in the levels of Pdr5 production, and a small subpopulation of cells produces this efflux pump at much higher quantities than the population average. Consequently, cells with high and low levels of Pdr5 grow differentially in presence and absence of cycloheximide, a cytotoxic drug. These properties are highly suggestive of a bet hedging strategy mediated by Pdr5 levels. We further link this bet hedging strategy to the transcriptional regulatory network of PDR5 consisting of two major transcription factors, Pdr1 and Pdr3. Our analysis suggests that a self-activating feedback loop acting on Pdr3 plays an important role in generation of the aforementioned subpopulation. Furthermore, our results point to a large difference in the activity of these two regulators wherein Pdr3 is notably stronger than Pdr1. The disparity in their activity could indicate a mechanism for generation of the observed proportions of subpopulations with regards to the level of Pdr5.
Review the Repeated Bout Effect in Resistance

When we conducted a new series of exercises particularly eccentric, have different responses at both the performance and as well as in indirect markers of muscle damage, especially in untrained or not used to this type of exercise. But it is also evident that even when the exercise is performed for a period of time, their results are attenuated primarily with regard to the muscular damage, co mpared to the first session. This adaptation has been reported in the literature as Repeated Bouts Effects (RBE). The RBE has been approached in various ways is kind of contractions, actions, intensity, repetitions, speed of execution, muscle groups. The duration of the protective effect is also one of the aspects discussed which is being processed from days to months, but the rest of the effect appears to be influenced by the magnitude of muscle damage in the initial session. Theories of the mechanism of neural adaptations, cellular and mechanical, are presented and responsible for RBE, although these theories require further investigation. The purpose of doing this review is to demonstrate the importance that the magnitude of muscle damage RBE is the most efficient intervention prescient.
Organic aerosol concentration and composition over Europe: insights from comparison of regional model predictions with aerosol mass spectrometer factor analysis

A detailed three-dimensional regional chemi- cal transport model (Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, PMCAMx) was applied over Europe, focusing on the formation and chemical transforma- tion of organic matter. Three periods representative of dif- ferent seasons were simulated, corresponding to intensive field campaigns. An extensive set of AMS measurements was used to evaluate the model and, using factor-analysis results, gain more insight into the sources and transforma- tions of organic aerosol (OA). Overall, the agreement be- tween predictions and measurements for OA concentration is encouraging, with the model reproducing two-thirds of the data (daily average mass concentrations) within a factor of 2. Oxygenated OA (OOA) is predicted to contribute 93 % to total OA during May, 87 % during winter and 96 % dur- ing autumn, with the rest consisting of fresh primary OA (POA). Predicted OOA concentrations compare well with the observed OOA values for all periods, with an average fractional error of 0.53 and a bias equal to 0.07 (mean error = 0.9 µg m 3 , mean bias = 0.2 µg m 3 ). The model
Why Should Small Firms Adopt eBusiness? A Framework for Understanding the SME eBusiness Context

eBusiness research typically questions why small firms do not adopt these powerful technologies and suggests explanatory factors for these perceived shortcomings. This paper argues against the technological expansionist view by questioning why small firms should adopt eBusiness. Specifically, it proposes a new conceptualisation showing that each small firm has different circumstances and associated business goals, and that researchers and practitioners must convince each small firm why eBusiness should be used for its goals in preference to non-technology solutions. The paper also provides some preliminary insights, based on this view, into future theoretical and empirical directions to guide researchers who conduct small firm eBusiness adoption studies.
In Pursuit of the 'Genuine Partnership': Local Government and Federal Constitutional Reform in Australia

This article examines the history and immediate prospects of proposals to formally recognise local government in Australia's federal Constitution - a crucial expression of these debates. The first part of the article reviews the history of local government and failed attempts to alter the Constitution to recognise local government in 1974 and 1988. Despite these failures, by 1995 the Commonwealth Government was again committed to federal constitutional recognition, and the election of the Rudd Labor Government in November 2007 brought with it a fresh policy of 'consulting with relevant parties, including the Australian Local Government Association, on the process for achieving constitutional recognition'.
Science Achievement in Australia : Evidence from National and International Surveys.

Abstract What can we say about science achievement in Australian schools? Does it really need a boost? Is science education in Australia engaging and motivating, or is the curriculum irrelevant and students disinterested? Are there particular issues for Indigenous students? Within the National Testing Program, Australia participates in two major international studies with a partial focus on science: the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), conducted with Year 4 and Year 8 students and managed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA); and the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), conducted with 15-year-old students. In addition, the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) program provides us with evidence about the outcomes of education, and the TIMSS Science Video Study provides us with a comparative view of the Australian science classroom and describes its practices. The presentation utilises data from these studies and examines what we know about science teaching in Australia, what students know and understand about science, whether they are interested in science, and whether they continue to study the sciences.
Cluster analysis of midlatitude oceanic cloud regimes - Part 1: Mean cloud and meteorological properties

Cluster analysis of midlatitude oceanic cloud regimes – Part 1: Mean cloud and meteorological properties N. D. Gordon and J. R. Norris Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA now at: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Received: 17 November 2009 – Accepted: 28 December 2009 – Published: 20 January 2010 Correspondence to: N. D. Gordon (n.gordon@leeds.ac.uk) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Investigation of the flowfield induced by simulated battle damage

ABSTRACT Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to study the complex flowfield created by simulated battle damage to a two-dimensional wing. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) predictions have also been used for validation of internal cavity flow. Two damage cases were selected for the study; both cases were simulated using a single hole with diameters equal to 20% and 40% of the chord, located at the wing half-chord. Wind-tunnel tests were conducted at a Reynolds number of 500,000 over a range of incidences from 0 to 10° with two-component PIV measurements made on three chordwise and three spanwise planes. The PIV data were analysed and compared to CFD data of the same damage cases. The PIV data have shown lower velocity ratios and lower vorticity in the jet compared to past Jet in Cross-Flow experiments and CFD was used to describe the flow features inside the cavity of the wing. It was seen that the wing cavity has large effects on the external flow features, particularly for the 20% damage case. Finally, the flow field data have been related to force balance data. At higher incidence angles, the larger force coefficient increments in both lift and drag can be attributed to the larger wakes and higher jet strengths.
Determinants of Artificial DIF : a study based on simulated polytomous data

A general problem in DIF analyses is that some items favouring one group can induce the appearance of DIF in others favouring the other group. Artificial DIF is used as a concept for describing and explaining that kind of DIF which is an artefact of the procedure for identifying DIF, contrasting it to real DIF which is inherent to an item. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how real both uniform and non-uniform DIF, referenced to the expected value curve, induce artificial DIF, how this DIF impacts on the person parameter estimates and how different factors affect real and artificial DIF, in particular the alignment of person and item locations. The results show that the same basic principles apply to non-uniform DIF as to uniform DIF, but that the effects on person measurement are less pronounced in non-uniform DIF. Similar to artificial DIF induced by real uniform DIF, the size of artificial DIF is determined by the magnitude of the real non-uniform DIF. In addition, in both uniform and non-uniform DIF, the magnitude of artificial DIF depends on the location of the items relative to the distribution of the persons. In contrast to uniform DIF, the direction of non-uniform real DIF (e.g. favouring one group or the other) is affected by the location of the items relative to the distribution of the persons. The results of the simulation study also confirm that regardless of type of DIF, in the person estimates, artificial DIF never balances out real DIF.
The properties of the cement screeds with the addition of polypropylene fibres and the shrinkage-reducing admixture

The paper points out the problems of damage that can occur during the preparation and exploitation of a cement screed. There were described the types and properties and presented test results obtained on the samples of cement composites prepared with the addition of fibre reinforcement and shrinkage-reducing admixture. Testing procedure included the following properties: density, compressive strength, ultrasound, coefficient of construction advantages and shrinking, and above all the impact of compaction procedure on the quality of cement screed. The testing results of experimental research show that the use of polypropylene fibres and shrinkage-reducing admixture contributes to the improvement of mechanical and deformation properties of cement screeds and that installation which includes some method of vibration is crucial for screed quality. The above statements are also recommendations in the execution of cement screed in practice.
Temporal and spatial variation in reproductive investment of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the northern North Sea and Scottish west coast

The recent decline in many fish stocks has been accompanied by marked changes in age at maturity. However, there is little information on whether other components of reproductive investment have changed and the relative roles of phenotypic plasticity or genetic selection in such change. This study explored how reproductive investment in cod Gadus morhua from different regions around Scotland has changed between a period of high (1969, 1970) and low (2002, 2003) spawning-stock size. Maturity ogives indicated that inshore North Sea cod now mature at a smaller size and younger age than they did around 1970. The relationship between potential fecundity and size indicated that cod in the inshore region are now more fecund than 30 yr ago. Cod from the inshore region of the North Sea now have a higher fecundity at a given size and age than cod from the offshore region and the west of Scotland. There was no such spatial trend around 1970. Simi- larly, whilst the relative fecundity of cod in recent times is positively correlated with age, no such relationship was evident in 1969 and 1970. Nutritional influences on maturity and fecundity, partic- ularly liver condition, were also evident from the recent study. However, the temporal and spatial differences in fecundity-size relationships were not consistent with a change in growth conditions, as there has been a significant decrease in body condition in recent times. Our findings regarding the temporal change in reproductive investment in the inshore North Sea region appear consistent with genotypic changes in life-history traits predicted to arise from intense periods of size-selective mortality.