Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Magnetized Water on Histological Structure of Heart, Lung and Spleen of Albino Rats

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of magnetized water on the histological structure of heart, lung and spleen. For this purpose, twenty five albino rats were divided into five equal groups, the first group was considered as control group. The other groups were given magnetized water with intensity of 250, 750, 1000, 1500 gause every day for 30 days. Then the animals were sacrificed and the histological change on heart, lung and spleen was studied. Histopathology of heart in rats treated with magnetic water with intensity of 250, 750, 1000, 1500 gause showed no clear pathological lesion. Lung section of rats treated with 250 gause of magnetic water showed no pathological lesion, while lung section belongs to rats group given magnetic water with intensity of 750, 1000 gause showed hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue in the wall of bronchiole and thickening to the wall alveoli, in addition the lung section belongs to magnetic water with intensity of 1500 agues treated rats showed thickening in alveolar wall. Spleen tissue belongs to magnetic water with intensity of 250 gause treated rats showed hyperplasia of the white pulp, while spleen tissue belongs to magnetic water with intensity of 750 gause treated rats showed a marked hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the periarterial sheath. Also, spleen tissue belongs to magnetic water with intensity of 1000 gause treated rats showed amyloid like substance deposition around the white pulp. Necrotic area of lymphoid tissue was observed in the spleen tissue belongs to rat groups given magnetic water with intensity of 1500 gause.
Interactions among mutations that cause altered timing of gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

The ski4::Tn917lac insertion mutation in Bacillus subtilis was isolated in a screen for mutations that cause a defect in sporulation but that are suppressed by the presence or overexpression of the histidine protein kinase encoded by kinA (spoIIJ). ski4::Tn917lac caused a small defect in sporulation, but in combination with a null mutation in kinA, it caused a much more severe defect. The insertion mutation was in an 87-amino-acid open reading frame (orf87 bofA) that controls the activation of a sigma factor, sigma K, at intermediate times during sporulation. The ski4 mutation caused the premature expression of cotA, a gene controlled by sigma K. An independent mutation that causes the premature activation of sigma K also caused a synthetic (synergistic) sporulation phenotype in combination with a null mutation in kinA, indicating that the defect was due to altered timing of gene expression directed by sigma K. Expression of ski4 was shown to be controlled by the sporulation-specific sigma factor sigma E.
Strategy of Craniofacial Reconstruction after Resection of Spheno‐orbital “en Plaque” Meningiomas

&NA; Surgical resection of spheno‐orbital “en plaque” meningiomas should be as complete as possible to prevent tumor recurrence and therefore requires a bone reconstruction. We report a series of 20 patients operated on for spheno‐orbital “en plaque” meningioma between 1981 and 1993. The surgical treatment included a resection of the involved dura and a wide resection of tumoral bone using a fronto‐temporal craniotomy extended to the orbitozygomaticomalar bone ridge. The craniofacial reconstruction was performed in the same operative procedure using iliac bone autograft in 11 patients, internal cortical bone from the bone flap in 8 patients, and a coral graft in 1 patient. The cosmetic result was scored according to the following criteria: superior frontal paralysis, appearance of the orbitomalar bone ridge, shape of the external temporal fossa, and projection of the eyeballs. The cosmetic result was scored as excellent or good in 17 patients, average in 2 patients, and poor in 1 patient. The iliac bone autograft appeared to be the best material for craniofacial reconstruction because it could be modeled easily to the desired shape. However, the reconstruction technique was modified as necessary according to the extent of tumor removal, clinical presentation, and age of the patient. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 1113, 1997.)
An analysis of medical device-related errors: prevalence and possible solutions

The UK and USA are currently undergoing a period of considerable change in their attitude towards medical error and their understanding of its causes and magnitude. In both countries, with increasing rapidity, a disturbing situation is being revealed. This paper presents the results of an investigation into medical errors in the UK and the USA, and focuses in particular on the magnitude and causes of errors when using medical devices. Contrary to the traditional approach of blaming users, it is suggested here that many such errors are caused partly by poor device design, which fails to account adequately for the needs of users. In response, this paper also discusses the basics of a Human Factors Engineering (HFE) approach as a step towards overcoming this problem and offers a challenge to device users and design companies (manufacturers) to follow HFE principles in order to improve the efficiency of operation and reduce errors during device use.
Polymorphisms affecting gene transcription and mRNA processing in pharmacogenetic candidate genes: detection through allelic expression imbalance in human target tissues

Background Genetic variation in mRNA expression plays a critical role in human phenotypic diversity, but it has proven difficult to detect regulatory polymorphisms – mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs). Additionally, variants in the transcribed region, termed here ‘structural RNA SNPs’ (srSNPs), can affect mRNA processing and turnover. Both rSNPs and srSNPs cause allelic mRNA expression imbalance (AEI) in heterozygous individuals. We have used AEI to discover and characterize regulatory polymorphisms in OPRM1, TPH2, MDR1, DRD2, and VKORC1. The objective of this study was to use AEI to determine the extent of cis-regulatory factors in pharmacogenetic genes. Methods We applied a rapid and accurate AEI methodology for testing 42 genes implicated in cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, and affecting drug metabolism and transport. Each gene was analyzed in physiologically relevant human autopsy tissues, including brain, heart, liver, intestines, and lymphocytes. Results Substantial AEI was observed in ∼55% of the surveyed genes. Focusing on cardiovascular candidate genes in human hearts, AEI analysis revealed frequent cis-acting regulatory factors in ACE and SOD2 mRNA expression, having potential clinical significance. SNP scanning to locate regulatory polymorphisms in a number of genes failed to support several previously proposed promoter SNPs discovered with use of reporter gene assays in heterologous tissues, while srSNPs appear more frequent than expected. Computational analysis of mRNA folding indicates that ∼90% of srSNPs affect mRNA folding, and hence potentially function. Conclusion Our results indicate that both rSNPs and srSNPs represent a still largely untapped reservoir of variants that contribute to human phenotypic diversity.
Group 6: Pleiotropy and multivariate analysis

Analysis techniques using data on several traits simultaneously allow researchers to dissect the genetic architecture affecting correlated traits, and can increase the power to detect pleiotropic genes, i.e., genes that influence two or more traits. Several of the papers in this group from Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 presented promising univariate summaries of multiple traits that detected linkage signals that standard single‐trait univariate methods did not. Other papers found linkage signals using multivariate techniques that univariate techniques missed, although this was not uniformly the case. Some papers also considered the correlation among measurements of a single trait taken at different ages to assess whether the genetic architecture of the trait changed over age. Applications of the Framingham Heart Study data identified major loci jointly influencing body mass index and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and various combinations of four traits involved in metabolic syndrome. Genet Epidemiol 25 (Suppl. 1):S50–S56, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anterior internal impingement: An arthroscopic observation.

PURPOSE The source of pain in patients with a stable shoulder and clinical signs of impingement is traditionally thought to be subacromial or outlet impingement, as popularized by Neer. This report introduces the concept of anterior internal impingement in patients with signs and symptoms of classic impingement syndrome and arthroscopic evidence of articular-side partial rotator cuff tear. Contact that occurs between the fragmented undersurface of the rotator cuff and the anterosuperior labrum is the apparent source of pain in these patients. TYPE OF STUDY Case series. METHODS Ten patients with a primary symptom of pain and an arthroscopic finding of a partial rotator cuff tear were reviewed. Arthroscopic visualization of the subacromial space revealed no evidence of subacromial impingement or bursitis in any patient. All patients had clinical signs and symptoms of classic impingement. The initial part of the surgical procedure consisted of a complete diagnostic arthroscopy in a low-volume gas medium using a single posterior portal. While performing the Hawkins test, the locations of any areas of abnormal soft-tissue contact and impingement were observed directly. RESULTS There was anterior internal impingement in all 10 patients with partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. The abnormal and fragmented rotator cuff tissue made contact with the anterior superior labrum when the shoulder was visualized from the posterior portal while performing the Hawkins test. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging correctly showed a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear in 20% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Recognition of anterior internal impingement as a clinical entity is important because magnetic resonance imaging results are often misleading. This is of particular importance in young patients with isolated lesions in whom arthroscopic acromioplasty and capsular reefing procedures would be unnecessary. When anterior internal impingement is recognized as the source of unresolved shoulder pain, patient selection for surgery and procedure selection can be improved.
Interaction of Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase and Phosphofructokinase-M*

Neurons that express neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) are resistant to NO-induced neurotoxicity; however, the mechanism by which these neurons are protected is not clear. To identify proteins possibly involved in this process, we performed affinity chromatography with the nNOS PDZ domain, a N-terminal motif that mediates protein interactions. Using this method to fractionate soluble tissue extracts, we identified the muscle isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFK-M) as a protein that binds to nNOS both in brain and skeletal muscle. PFK-M interacts with the PDZ domain of nNOS, and nNOS-PFK-M binding can be competed by peptides that bind to the PDZ domain of nNOS. We found that nNOS is significantly associated with PFK-M in skeletal muscle because nNOS can be immunodepleted from cytosolic skeletal muscle extracts using an antibody directed against PFK-M. In brain, nNOS and PFK-M are both enriched in synaptosomes, and specifically, in the synaptic vesicle fraction, where they can interact. At the cellular level, PFK-M is enriched in neurons that express nNOS protein. As fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the product of PFK activity, is neuroprotective, the interaction of nNOS and PFK may contribute to neuroprotection of nNOS positive cells.
Root and Nodule Enzymes of Ammonia Assimilation in Two Plant-Conditioned Symbiotically Ineffective Genotypes of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

Biochemical and physiological parameters associated with nitrogen metabolism were measured in nodules and roots of glasshouse-grown clones of two symbiotically ineffective alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes supplied with either NO(3) (-) or NH(4) (+). Significant differences were observed between genotypes for nodule soluble protein concentrations and glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) specific activities, both in untreated controls and in response to applied N. Nodule soluble protein of both genotypes declined in response to applied N, while nodule GS, GOGAT, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) specific activities either decreased or remained relatively constant. In contrast, no genotype differences were observed in roots for soluble protein concentrations and GS, GOGAT, and GDH specific activities, either in untreated controls or in response to applied N. Root soluble protein levels and GS and GOGAT specific activities of N-treated plants increased 2- to 4-fold within 4 days and then decreased between days 13 and 24. Root GDH specific activity of NH(4) (+)-treated plants increased steadily throughout the experiment and was 50 times greater than root GS or GOGAT specific activities by day 24.Enzymological data indicate that nodules of these ineffective alfalfa genotypes are uniquely differentiated plant organs. Decreasing or constant plant GS and GOGAT specific activities in ineffective nodules in response to applied N suggest that factors in addition to N supply are involved in the induction of high levels of plant ammonia-assimilating enzymes in nodules. Genotype differences observed for nodule enzyme specific activities support the concept that ineffectiveness may be expressed in different ways within the nodule. Senescence was evident in ineffective nodules of N-treated plants of both genotypes, indicating that nodule senescence induced by applied N may not be closely linked to symbiotic effectiveness in alfalfa. Data for ammonia-assimilating enzymes in roots suggest the GS/GOGAT pathway operates only at low levels of soil N and that GDH functions to detoxify high levels of soil NH(4) (+).
Mutagenicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in in vitro tests

The genotoxic potential of the fungicide malachite green (MG) and its reduced derivative leucomalachite green (LMG) was assessed in bacteria and mammalian cells using the standard Salmonella typhimurium/Ames and CHO/HGPRT tests. In vitro potential DNA damaging effects of MG and LMG were tested using the single‐cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay on CHO cells.
Nitric oxide inhibits rat intestinal secretion by Clostridium difficile toxin A but not Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal inflammation is associated with increased synthesis of nitric oxide, whereas inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) reduces experimental chronic intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to test the effects of NO blockers and donors on acute intestinal inflammation induced by Clostridium difficile toxin A in rat ileum. METHODS Rats received NOS inhibitors or NO donors before measurement of toxin-mediated ileal secretion and permeability changes. Mucosal mast cell and neutrophil activity were measured by release of rat mast cell protease II and myeloperoxidase activity, respectively. RESULTS NOS inhibitors augmented but an NO donor inhibited toxin A-mediated ileal secretion and permeability when given before but not after toxin administration. Neither an NOS inhibitor nor an NO donor had any effect on cholera toxin-mediated secretion. Mast cell degranulation and neutrophil infiltration occurred after injection of toxin A or an NOS inhibitor, whereas the NO donor blocked both toxin A effects. CONCLUSIONS NOS inhibitors augmented and an NO donor blocked the intestinal effects of toxin A but not of cholera toxin. NO protects against toxin A by inhibition of intestinal mast cells and neutrophils, which are activated by toxin A, but not by cholera toxin.
Study of total antioxidants status in Indian vitiligo patients

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic disorder characterized by milky white patches devoid of identifiable melanocytes. Despite much research, the precise etiology of vitiligo is not clear, but it has become quite clear in recent years that complex genetic, neural, immunological and autocytotoxic mechanisms play a role in its pathogenesis. In recent studies, a defective antioxidant defense is also postulated in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and also to support the proposed theory which suggests that the destruction of melanocytes in vitiligo is induced by increased oxidative stress which in turn activates an autoimmune response. Methods: A total of 80 patients of both sexes with vitiligo and 40 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Sera from patients and controls were assayed for total antioxidant status by antioxidant assay kit. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: The mean serum total antioxidant status (TAS) level in the patient group was significantly lower than in the control group. There was no significant relationship between TAS and sex of patients. The same findings were observed within the control group. Regarding the activity of the vitiligo, the mean TAS in patients with progressive disease (active vitiligo) was significantly lower than in the control group. In patients with stable disease also the mean TAS level was significantly lower than in the control group. There was
A REUTILIZAÇÃO DE UM DISPOSITIVO INTRAVAGINAL (CIDR-G) NAS MANIFESTAÇÕES DE ESTRO E PRENHEZ DA ESPÉCIE OVINA

This experiment was designed to monitor the estrus synchronization response and pregnancy rates after re-utilization of a natural progesterone-based intravaginal device (CIDR-G) in sheep. The devices were re-used for up to three times in 97 Texel ewes assigned to three treatment groups: CIDR-0 (n=30), treated with fresh CIDR; CIDR-2 (n=33), treated with CIDR used for the second time; and CIDR-3 (n=34), treated with CIDR used for the third time. The females were treated with the same general synchronization protocol consisting of a progesterone insert (330 mg; new or re-used implants) for 6 days, and a prostaglandin analogue (263 μg) and eCG (250 UI) i.m. injections on the day of CIDR removal. Estrus behavior was recorded in 93.3% (28/30), 93.9% (31/33), and 91.1% (31/34), for CIDR-0, CIDR-2, and CIDR-3, respectively. Pregnancy rates of 73.3% (22/30); 72.7% (24/33), 64.7% (22/34) were recorded for groups treated with a new insert, second-use CIDR, and third-use CIDR, correspondingly. Estrus behavior and pregnancy rates among different treatment groups did not differ statistically. Therefore, CIDR-G progesterone inserts can be reused for up to three times in short-term (6 days) estrus synchronization/induction protocols in association with a prostaglandin analogue and eCG in sheep.
Desensitization to ceftaroline in a patient with multiple medication hypersensitivity reactions.

PURPOSE The case of a patient with multiple medication hypersensitivity reactions and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection who underwent desensitization to ceftaroline is reported. SUMMARY A 32-year-old Caucasian woman with asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, heart murmur, and major depression was admitted for MRSA cellulitis with a subcutaneous abscess along the left sternomanubrial joint and clavicular osteomyelitis secondary to port placement after gastric bypass surgery. The patient had an extensive history of hypersensitivity reactions. Pertinent documented allergies were as follows: penicillin (anaphylaxis), daptomycin (anaphylaxis), vancomycin (hives), linezolid (hives), ertapenem (rash), ciprofloxacin (rash), and tigecycline (rash). The patient also reported previous reactions to aztreonam (unknown) and gentamicin (hives). The pharmacy was consulted to develop a desensitization protocol for ceftaroline. The desensitization protocol used three serial dilutions of ceftaroline to make 14 sequential infusions with escalating doses. Intramuscular epinephrine, i.v. diphenhydramine, and i.v. methylprednisolone were ordered as needed for the development of immediate hypersensitivity reactions during or after administration of ceftaroline. The cumulative dose (574.94 mg) was administered intravenously over 225 minutes with no breakthrough symptoms reported during or after the desensitization protocol. Ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg i.v. every 12 hours was continued for six weeks. CONCLUSION Desensitization to ceftaroline was conducted for a patient with extensive history of hypersensitivity reactions to other drugs, including penicillin-induced anaphylaxis. Desensitization and subsequent treatment with full doses of ceftaroline were accomplished without apparent adverse effects.
Alcohol and suicide in 14 European countries.

AIMS To test the hypothesis that a positive population-level relationship between alcohol and suicide is more likely to be found in dry drinking cultures (as indicated by consumption level) than in wet drinking cultures. DESIGN Gender- and age-specific suicide rates in 14 western European countries were analysed in relation to per capita alcohol consumption employing the Box-Jenkins technique for time series analysis. The country-specific estimates were pooled into low-, medium- and high-consumption countries. MEASUREMENTS Suicide mortality data for 5-year age groups were converted into gender- and age-specific mortality rates. Alcohol sales expressed as litres of 100% alcohol per year and inhabitants 15 years and older were used as a measure of alcohol consumption. FINDINGS A positive and significant relationship between per capita consumption and gender- and age-specific suicide rates was revealed most often in northern Europe and found least often in southern Europe. A stronger absolute alcohol effect for men was found only in northern Europe, whereas the relative alcohol effect was somewhat stronger for women in both northern and central Europe. Also, the suicide rate in younger age groups was more often significantly related to per capita consumption than suicide among the elder in northern and central Europe but not in southern Europe. CONCLUSIONS The population-level association between alcohol and suicide is conditioned by cultural factors. In general, the suicide rate tends to be more responsive to changes in alcohol consumption in drinking cultures characterized by a low post-war per capita consumption compared to drinking cultures with higher consumption levels. The findings give support to the hypothesis derived from previous theoretical and empirical work, suggesting that suicide and alcohol is more closely connected in dry cultures than in wet cultures.