Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Severe obesity increases the prevalence but not the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly-population-based cohort in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The relation between body weight status and depressive symptoms in the elderly differs according to age and country of origin. The goal of this study was to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Methods: A population-based cohort study of 1,702 elderly individuals (70.6+8.0 years) in Southern Brazil evaluated in 2009/10 and 2013/14 was accessed. The body weight status was assessed using measured data of BMI and WC. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to determine depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral variables was performed. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in 2009/10 was 23.3% (95% CI 20.3–26.6) and the cumulative incidence in the 4-years period was 10.9% (95% CI 8.7–13.6). Elderly people with obesity class II–III and WC in the highest quartile had higher prevalence odds ratio of being depressed than individuals with normal weight or WC in the lower quartile (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.42–3.87 and OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.13–2.65, respectively). Meanwhile, intermediary values of BMI and WC were associated with a lower prevalence. When evaluating the incidence of depressive symptoms, overweight individuals and those in the second quartile of WC had a lower risk (58% and 57%, respectively), but severely obese individuals had the same risk compared to those with normal BMI/WC. Conclusions: Severely obese individuals presented a similar incidence of depressive symptoms compared to those with normal BMI/WC, but higher prevalence. Intermediary values of body weight status decrease the risk of depressive symptoms.
Consumer motivations to disclose information and participate in commercial activities on Facebook

The prevalence of social media use has significantly expanded the landscape of marketing communication and brand community management. Currently, various international brand players are beginning to develop ways of communicating with their customers on social media. This study focuses on the marketing applications of social media by examining the key motivations influencing the disclosure of personal information and participation in commercial activities of Facebook users in Hong Kong. The 566 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and structural equation modeling. The results support most of our hypotheses, suggesting that perceived convenience of maintaining relationships, enjoyment of activities, self-presentation, social presence, and perceived risks of privacy invasion have significant impacts on users' self-disclosure on Facebook and participation in commercial activities. The findings contribute to the literature on internet consumer behavior and have implications for the use of social media tools in marketing.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF CAUSALITY FROM CAPITAL FLOWS TO EXCHANGE RATE IN INDIA

This study explores the relationship between capital flows and real exchange rates, with specific reference to India for the period July, 2005 to November, 2012. The period 2005 to 2012 has been a very interesting period for capital flows in India. This period has experienced periods of both very high and dwindling capital flows on account of global uncertainty following the global financial crisis post 2008. The study has taken the three major components of capital flows into India, namely, direct investment (which includes Foreign Direct Investment [FDI]), portfolio investment (which includes investment by Foreign Institutional Investors [FIIs]) and External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs which are primarily foreign currency denominated loans taken by Indian companies from overseas lenders). Some of the noteworthy findings of the study are FDI flows have no significant impact on the change in real exchange rates in India. However, portfolio flows and debt flows (ECBs) have a significant impact on the change in real exchange rates in India, during the period of study.
Oxyphilic granular cell adenoma of the parotid gland (oncocytoma) report of five cases and study of oxyphilic granular cells (oncocytes) in normal parotid glands.

disease was considered and a small amount of radiation was given, which caused no change in the tumor. The material obtained from a second aspiration showed "salivary gland tissue only. " Because of the persistence of a well encapsulated, freely movable tumor, the patient was admitted to the hospital for surgical treatment. The surgeon found a lobulated, well encapsulated, pinkish tumor about 3.5 cm. in diameter in the tail of the parotid gland; grossly, the tumor looked like three matted hyperplastic nodes. The patient made an uneventful recovery, with no evidence of recurrence i6 months after operation.
Corporate planning in the U.K.: The state of the art in the 70s

The paper reports the major descriptive results of a study of corporate planning in 48 U.K. companies in the mid-1970s. Introduction of corporate planning clearly quickened in the 1970s. The number of specialist corporate planners tended to be small and was correlated with company size. Responsibilities of planners varied between operating companies, divisions, and the corporate parent company. Corporate planners had widened the scope of their plans since the late 1960s, made fairly extensive use of written documents and procedures, and often used a high number of sophisticated techniques for forecasting and evaluation, but their use of documents and techniques was far from uncritical. The extent of planning varied between types of companies.
Multimodality treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus.

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus are rare neoplasms. Four patients with this tumor who underwent multimodality treatment are presented and the literature is briefly reviewed. METHODS The medical records of all patients treated for neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus from 1979 to 2002 were reviewed. Tumors were classified using a slight modification of the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS The patients' median age was 38 years. All patients underwent extensive excision of the tumor. Histological diagnosis was atypical carcinoid (2), typical carcinoid (1), and small cell carcinoma (1). All patients developed recurrence(s). One patient died 132 months after diagnosis. The remaining three patients are alive with no symptoms at 135, 99, and 35 months, respectively, after diagnosis. Two patients with recurrences have been on treatment with Octreotide LAR with satisfactory results. One patient is free of disease. CONCLUSIONS Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus are potentially aggressive tumors. Radical resection is the treatment of choice. The encouraging results obtained by administration of Octreotide LAR in two of our patients warrant further investigation.
Health status in rheumatoid arthritis over 7 years

The challenge is to separate fully the effect of the year of inclusion in the register and the effect of duration of the disease A pivotal question when evaluating the long term outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is how the disease itself evolves over time and to what extent new treatments contribute to such changes. Insight into the evolution of the manifestations of RA can help to define agendas for research and healthcare delivery world wide. In this issue of the Annals Heiberg et al describe “7 year changes in health status and priorities for improvement of health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis” and conclude that “although pain remained the area of highest priority for improvement among patients, the health status improved from 1994 to 2001, probably owing to access to better and more aggressive treatments”. 1 In this editorial, we will briefly elaborate on the strengths of longitudinal observational studies (LOS), in general, and on the relative importance of research on patient priorities in such studies, in particular. Next, we will discuss the subject of time and change over time in longitudinal studies in the light of the conclusion drawn from the present study. ### Longitudinal observational studies and patient perspective as an outcome The conclusion of the authors is based on an analysis of data from the Oslo RA Register (ORAR), a continuing LOS that was started in 1994 as a prevalent population based register, and annually updated with new cases since then.2 Longitudinal studies are particularly helpful in answering questions on causation, prognosis, and long term outcomes in the “real world” of healthcare delivery. In comparison with randomised clinical trials (RCTs), LOS are characterised by a higher level of external validity (because patients are not selected for high disease activity or unfavourable prognosis, etc), an emphasis on long term evaluation, and a view on …
Measuring conscientiousness and professionalism in undergraduate medical students

Background: There is gathering evidence that concern about professionalism expressed by staff with regard to undergraduate medical students represents a statistically significant risk factor for referral for disciplinary action in later clinical practice. But, ‘professionalism’ as a concept is variously defined, and is generally seen as difficult to measure. This is because such measures are usually highly subjective, and take place on limited numbers of occasions. We are interested in hints from the literature that a significant part of professionalism is what might be thought of as diligence or conscientiousness.
Females online! Examination of female consumer behaviour in Bahrain online banking environment.

In 2011 it was reported that Bahrain was the country with the highest increase in absolute Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development Index (IDI) (International Telecommunication Union, 2012). In 2011 the number of internet users in Bahrain climbed from 55% in 2010 to 77%. It was noted that 90% of the Bahraini households own a computer and 77% were connected to the internet (International Telecommunication Union, 2012). With the increased access to Internet and improved internet infrastructure, internet slowly but surely penetrates Bahraini consumers’ lifestyles. Technology plays an important role in Bahrain, especially within the banking industry, which is very information intensive and a sensitive activity in nature. This industry relies heavily on information technology (IT) to acquire, process, and deliver the information to all involved parties. Not only is IT critical in the processing of information, it is the current tool for banks to differentiate their products and services. Bahraini banks find that they have to constantly be creative and up to date with the technology to retain their customers by providing them with a unique service that would keep them satisfied particularly with strong competition from other international banks which opened branches in Bahrain. The aim of this paper is to examine the motivation and perception of Bahraini female consumers in adopting online banking services. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no empirical studies which examine Bahraini female consumer behaviour in terms of the adoption of internet banking. Therefore, this study proposed and tested research hypotheses which were developed based upon the modification of Davis, Bagozzi and Warshow (1989)’s Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
Financial Stress in Indian Corporates

We characterize the changes in credit quality of a large sample of listed Indian corporates. Multiple indicators suggest that credit quality declines sharply between 2010 and 2015, creating a thick tail of vulnerable corporate debt. Stress is primarily due to a sharp contraction in aggregate corporate growth, a modest drop in profitability, and imbalanced financing patterns. Market models of default risk show that the stress has an asymmetric pass-through with greater effects on state-owned banks than on private ones. Remedies for corporates hinge on reviving growth and external equity cycles while those for banks pose more difficult choices.
BIOCONVERSION OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SLUDGE BY IMMOBILIZED MIXED CULTURE OF Penicillum corylophilum WWZA1003 AND Aspergillus niger SCahmA103

The bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge by immobilized mixed culture of filamentous fungi was investigated in a laboratory. The potential mixed culture of Penicillium corylophilum WWZA1003 and Aspergillus niger SCahmA103 was isolated from its local habitats (wastewater and sludge cake) and optimized on the basis of biodegradability and dewaterability of treated sludge. The observed results in this study showed that the sludge treatment was highly influenced by the effect of immobilized mixed fungi using liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. The maximum production of dry filter cake (DFC) was enriched with fungal biomass to about 20.05 g/kg containing 23.47 g/kg of soluble protein after 4 days of fungal treatment. The reduction of COD, TSS, turbidity (optical density against distilled water, 660 nm), reducing sugar and protein in supernatant and filtration rate of treated sludge were influenced by the fungal mixed culture as compared to control (uninnoculated). After these processes, 99.4% of TSS, 98.05% of turbidity, 76.2% of soluble protein, 98% of reducing sugar and 92.4% of COD in supernatant of treated sludge were removed. Filtration time was decreased tremendously by the microbial treatment after 2 days of incubation. The effect of fungal strain on pH was also studied and presented. Effective bioconversion was observed after 4 days of fungal treatment.
The role of monogamy and duration of heterosexual relationships in human papillomavirus transmission.

BACKGROUND Published data are equivocal about the relative rates of male-to-female and female-to-male human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission. Our objective was to estimate genital HPV incidence among heterosexual partners from a broad age range and to investigate the effects of monogamy and relationship duration on incidence. METHODS HPV genotyping was conducted for heterosexual partners, aged 18-70 years, from Tampa, Florida, who provided genital exfoliated cell specimens at semiannual visits during a 2-year study. The rate of incident HPV detection was assessed for 99 couples, and transmission incidence was estimated among a subset of 65 discordant couples. We also evaluated the effect of monogamy and relationship duration on transmission incidence. RESULTS Couples were followed up for a median of 25 months and had a mean age of 33 years for both sexes. The HPV type-specific transmission incidence rate was 12.3 (95% confidence interval, 7.1-19.6) per 1000 person-months for female-to-male transmission and 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 3.5-13.5) per 1000 person-months for male-to-female transmission. Regardless of monogamy status or relationship duration, there was a similar pattern of increased incident HPV detection among men compared with women. CONCLUSIONS HPV may be transmitted more often from women to men than from men to women, suggesting a need for prevention interventions, such as vaccination, for men.
Reply to the comment on:"Does an atom interferometer test the gravitational redshift at the Compton frequency?"

Hohensee, Chu, Peters and M\"uller have submitted a comment (arXiv:1112.6039 [gr-qc]) on our paper"Does an atom interferometer test the gravitational redshift at the Compton frequency? ", Classical and Quantum Gravity 28, 145017 (2011), arXiv:1009.2485 [gr-qc]. Here we reply to this comment and show that the main result of our paper, namely that atom interferometric gravimeters do not test the gravitational redshift at the Compton frequency, remains valid.
Novices Ventilate and Intubate Quicker and Safer via Intubating Laryngeal Mask Than by Conventional Bag–Mask Ventilation and Laryngoscopy

Background:Because airway management plays a key role in emergency medical care, methods other than laryngoscopic tracheal intubation (LG-TI) are being sought for inadequately experienced personnel. This study compares success rates for ventilation and intubation via the intubating laryngeal mask (ILMA-V/ILMA-TI) with those via bag–mask ventilation and laryngoscopic intubation (BM-V/LG-TI). Methods:In a prospective, randomized, crossover study, 30 final-year medical students, all with no experience in airway management, were requested to manage anesthetized patients who seemed normal on routine airway examination. Each participant was asked to intubate a total of six patients, three with each technique, in a randomly assigned order. A task not completed after two 60-s attempts was recorded as a failure, and the technique was switched. Results:The success rate with ILMA-V was significantly higher (97.8% vs. 85.6%; P < 0.05), and ventilation was established more rapidly with ILMA-V (35.6 ± 8.0 vs. 44.3 ± 10.8 s; P < 0.01). Intubation was successful more often with ILMA-TI (92.2% vs. 40.0%; P < 0.01). The time needed to achieve tracheal intubation was significantly shorter with ILMA-TI (45.7 ± 14.8 vs. 89.1 ± 23.3 s; P < 0.01). After failed LG-TI, ILMA-V was successful in all patients, and ILMA-TI was successful in 28 of 33 patients. Conversely, after failed ILMA-TI, BM-V was possible in all patients, and LG-TI was possible in 1 of 5 patients. Conclusion:Medical students were more successful with ILMA-V/ILMA-TI than with BM-V/LG-TI. ILMA-TI can be successfully used when LG-TI has failed, but not vice versa. These results suggest that training programs should extend the ILMA to conventional airway management techniques for paramedical and medical personnel with little experience in airway management.
Africa in crisis

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Cardiac outflow tract anomalies

The mature outflow tract (OFT) is, in basic terms, a short conduit. It is a simple, although vital, connection situated between contracting muscular heart chambers and a vast embryonic vascular network. Unfortunately, it is also a focal point underlying many multifactorial congenital heart defects (CHDs). Through the use of various animal models combined with human genetic investigations, we are beginning to comprehend the molecular and cellular framework that controls OFT morphogenesis. Clear roles of neural crest cells (NCC) and second heart field (SHF) derivatives have been established during OFT formation and remodeling. The challenge now is to determine how the SHF and cardiac NCC interact, the complex reciprocal signaling that appears to be occurring at various stages of OFT morphogenesis, and finally how endocardial progenitors and primary heart field (PHF) communicate with both these colonizing extra‐cardiac lineages. Although we are beginning to understand that this dance of progenitor populations is wonderfully intricate, the underlying pathogenesis and the spatiotemporal cell lineage interactions remain to be fully elucidated. What is now clear is that OFT alignment and septation are independent processes, invested via separate SHF and cardiac neural crest (CNC) lineages. This review will focus on our current understanding of the respective contributions of the SHF and CNC lineage during OFT development and pathogenesis. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:499–530. doi: 10.1002/wdev.98
Estimating Zones of Tolerance in Perceived Service Quality and Perceived Service Value

Focuses on proposing a new method for capturing the customer′s zone of tolerance for service quality. Interprets the zone of tolerance as a kind of inertia regarding behavioural responses to disconfirmation of expectations. Gives a predicted example in which adequate and desired expectations are operationalized by conjoint analysis. Explores the relationship between expectations, service quality, and service value. Gives examples of the kinds of result which one can obtain using the proposed method.
Determinants of household saving: Case study of smallholder farmers, entrepreneurs and teachers in rural areas of Kenya

The adoption of liberalization measures in Kenya culminated in a rise and spread of interest rates in the financial sector. The saving rate has however remained low. Most studies have not been conclusive on factors influencing savings in developing countries. This study adopted a microeconomic approach in investigating the factors that influence savings among households of teachers, entrepreneurs and farmers in rural parts of Nakuru District. The sample composed of 359 teachers, entrepreneurs and farmers was selected through multistage sampling technique from seven rural administrative divisions of the district. Through application of least squares method the main finding was that household saving is determined by: the type of occupation, household income, age and gender of household head, level of education, dependency ratio, service charge, transport costs and credit access. The study is valuable to decision makers in financial institutions, economists and other policy makers. Generally, decision and policy makers in private, government and international institutions concerned with finance and development need to consider the effects of the above factors when making decisions concerning saving. Key words: Saving, income, dependency ratio, rural, Kenya.
Optimal Capital Structure under the Prevalent and the OECD-Proposed BEPS Corporate Income Tax Regimes

We propose a novel approach to study optimal capital structure under the prevalent corporate income tax regime where full tax deductibility of interest is permitted. Then we impose an EBITDA-based limit on the tax deductibility of interest to gauge the impact of the OECD proposed BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting) framework on a firm’s optimal capital structure. Though largely fit for purpose, we show that the BEPS framework can affect optimal capital structure in firms with lower EBITDA to Asset ratios and potentially have negative economy-wide implications from an aggregate capital provision point of view in such firms. Therefore, we propose a modification to the BEPS regime. We show that our modified BEPS proposal largely retains the benefits of the original BEPS regime but reduces the capital structure impact on firms with lower EBITDA to Asset ratios.
Impact of Ceo Succession in Japanese Companies: a Coevolutionary Perspective

In this paper, we set out to investigate whether strategic leadership matters at a moment in the life cycle of the firm when a change is made in the top leadership. By far, most of the conceptual and empirical literature on the consequences of CEO succession involves United States companies. Therefore, in this paper, we set out to investigate the impact of CEO succession on strategic and organizational changes in Japanese companies. The empirical study consisted of a matched control group design involving 81 Japanese companies experiencing a CEO succession event and 81 companies with continuity of their CEO leadership. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. Overall CEO succession was not associated with radical strategic and organization changes. Japanese companies did engage in evolutionary organization and strategic adaptations during the five year period of the study but independent of CEO succession. The governance structure moderates organization changes (independent of CEO succession) in particular when the firm was affiliated with a main bank and the firm was experiencing severe financial pressure.