Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Willingness to Participate in Disaster Management Among Indian Dental Graduates

Abstract Introduction India has been the focal point of various disasters, and has suffered considerable losses due to the same. Manpower shortage can impede disaster management; hence, including dental professionals in disaster management in India can be crucial. Hypothesis/Problem To assess willingness to participate in disaster management among Indian dental graduates; to assess the objective knowledge, attitude, behavior and perceived knowledge regarding disaster management among Indian dental graduates. Methods All the interns in Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka were included in the present study. Their willingness to participate in disaster management and their objective knowledge, attitude, behavior and perceived knowledge related to disaster management were assessed using a questionnaire. Results A total of 86 study subjects participated. A majority (98.8%) of respondents were willing to participate in disaster management. Mean objective knowledge, attitude, behavior and perceived knowledge scores were 48.65%, 80.26%, 29.85% and 60.80% respectively. Males reported higher perceived knowledge than females (P = .008), and respondents residing in hostels reported higher perceived knowledge than those not residing in hostels (P = .02). Gender showed significant correlations with attitude (r = 4.076, P = .044) and behavior (r = 3.722, P = .054), and residence with behavior of respondents (r = 5.690, P = .017). Conclusions A high degree of willingness to provide assistance during disasters was observed among undergraduate dental students. High attitude coupled with low knowledge and behavior scores regarding disaster management was also observed. Gender was associated with attitude and behavior, and residence with behavior of respondents regarding disaster management. Including disaster management in dental curricula and involvement of dental professionals in disaster management might be crucial for disaster management in India. RajeshG, PaiMBH, ShenoyR, PriyaH. Willingness to participate in disaster management among Indian dental graduates. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(5):1-6.
The dog as a preclinical model to evaluate interface morphology and micro-motion in cemented total knee replacement

Summary Objectives: This study investigated cemented fixation of the tibial component from a canine total knee replacement preclinical model. The objective was to determine the local morphology at the material interfaces (implant, cement, bone) and the local relative micro-motion due to functional loading following in vivo service. Methods: Five skeletally mature research dogs underwent unilateral total knee replacement using a cemented implant system with a polyethylene (PE) monobloc tibial component. Use of the implanted limb was assessed by pressure-sensitive walkway analysis. At 60 weeks post-surgery, the animals were euthanatized and the tibia sectioned en bloc in the sagittal plane to create medial and lateral specimens. High resolution imaging was used to quantify the morphology under the tray and along the keel. Specimens were loaded to 50% body weight and micro-motions at the PE-cement and cement-bone interfaces were quantified. Results: There was significantly (p = 0.002) more cement-bone apposition and interdigitation along the central keel compared to the regions under the tray. Cavitary defects were associated with the perimeters of the implant (60 ± 25%). Interdigitation fraction was negatively correlated with cavitary defect fraction, cement crack fraction, and total micro-motion. Clinical significance: Achieving good inter-digitation of cement into subchondral bone beneath the tibial tray is associated with improved interface morphology and reduced micro-motion; features that could result in a reduced incidence of aseptic loosening. Multiple drill holes distributed over the cut tibial surface and adequate pressurization of the cement into the subchondral bone should improve fixation and reduce interface micro-motion and cavitary defects.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure:Study at Listed Companies in Jakarta Islamic Index

This research was aimed to identify factors affecting disclosure quality of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR). There were four factors suspected to influence disclosure ISR quality, i.e. the board of independent commissioners, liquidity, company growth, the age of the company and the size of the company. The samples in this study were taken by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used are multiple regression analysis methods. The results showed that the liquidity and the size of the firm had significant effect on the quality ISR disclosure. It means that the better the liquidity of the company the better the quality ISR disclosure and the bigger of the firm the better the quality ISR disclosure. Keywords: Lliquidity, the size of the company,and the quality of ISR
Decreased production of red blood cells in human subjects exposed to microgravity.

The total-body red blood cell mass (RBCM) decreases during the first few days of spaceflight; however, the pathophysiology of "spaceflight anemia" noted on return to earth is poorly understood. In studies before, during, and after a 9-day mission we determined the rates of removal and replacement of RBCs by using chromium 51. The rate and efficiency of RBC production were assessed with iron 59. Serial measurements were made of plasma volume (PV), RBCM, serum ferritin level, and erythropoietin level. PV decreased within hours, resulting in an increased total body hematocrit during the first few days of the mission. Serum erythropoietin level decreased within 24 hours and remained low. Circulating RBCs disappeared at a normal rate during flight, but few new cells replaced those destroyed, resulting in a decrease in RBCM of 11% during the mission. After 22 hours in space, intramedullary formation of cells continued at near preflight levels as measured by erythron iron turnover. The coexistence of new cell formation in the bone marrow and failure of cells to be released into the blood is consistent with ineffective erythropoiesis. Microgravity causes blood located in gravity-dependent spaces to shift to a central volume. We conclude that the initial adaptation is a reduction in PV resulting in plethora. Increase in total body hematocrit causes a decrease in erythropoietin production. RBCM decreases because RBCs destroyed at a normal rate are not replaced. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multicenter prospective study for clinical and endoscopic efficacies of leukocytapheresis therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract Objective. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) and to investigate predictive factors for mucosal healing and a sustained clinical response in steroid-free and steroid-refractory patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Material and methods. Thirty-one steroid-free or steroid-refractory patients with active UC were enrolled. Five or ten consecutive sessions of LCAP were performed in each patient. The efficacy and tolerability was then evaluated at weeks 3 and 6. Endoscopic examination was performed at week 6 to evaluate the mucosal healing, and the sustained cumulative response rate was evaluated at 12 months. Results. At week 6, the mean Mayo clinical activity score had decreased significantly from 8.0 to 4.6 in the steroid-free patients and from 8.3 to 3.9 in the steroid-refractory patients. Rachmilewitz's endoscopic index had also decreased significantly from 9.1 to 6.1 in the steroid-free patients and from 10.0 to 5.7 in the steroid-refractory patients. Forty-seven percent of the steroid-free patients and 33% of the steroid-refractory patients achieved mucosal healing. The peripheral platelet counts had decreased significantly at weeks 3 and 6 in the mucosal healing group, compared with the non-mucosal healing group. The patients with a more than 15% platelet reduction had a significantly higher cumulative response rate, compared with the patients without a platelet reduction (p = 0.015). Conclusions. LCAP is beneficial for the induction of mucosal healing in steroid-free and steroid-refractory patients with UC. The degree of platelet reduction during LCAP might be a predictive marker for mucosal healing and a sustained clinical response.
Evaluation of public transportation as a risk factor for active tuberculosis in Lima, Peru

Public transportation is a potential source of community transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). We conducted an observational study in Lima, Peru to examine the association between use of public transportation by TB patients and by three matched control groups. For non-transportation workers, the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis increased 25% for each increase in quintile of time spent in public transportation per week, underscoring the importance of public health interventions to reduce transmission of TB in crowded public transportation environments.
Regulation of Fas receptor/Fas‐asssociated protein with death domain apoptotic complex and associated signalling systems by cannabinoid receptors in the mouse brain

Background and purpose: Natural and synthetic cannabinoids (CBs) induce deleterious or beneficial actions on neuronal survival. The Fas‐associated protein with death domain (FADD) promotes apoptosis, and its phosphorylated form (p‐FADD) mediates non‐apoptotic actions. The regulation of Fas/FADD, mitochondrial apoptotic proteins and other pathways by CB receptors was investigated in the mouse brain.
The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Correlates with Long-Range Epigenetic Silencing in Colorectal Cancer

The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), characterized by an exceptionally high frequency of methylation of discrete CpG islands, is observed in 18% to 25% of sporadic colorectal cancers. Another hypermethylation pattern found in colorectal cancers, termed long-range epigenetic silencing, is associated with DNA/histone methylation in three distinct gene clusters at chromosome 2q14.2, showing that DNA hypermethylation can span larger chromosomal domains and lead to the silencing of flanking, unmethylated genes. We investigated whether these two phenotypes are interrelated in colorectal cancers. The CIMP status of 148 sporadic colorectal cancers was determined by methylation-specific PCR. We determined the BRAF V600E mutation by mutant allele–specific PCR amplification. The methylation status of the MLH1 gene and of three CpG islands (EN1, SCTR, and INHBB), corresponding to three distinct clusters along 2q14.2, was determined by methylation-specific PCR. The average number of sites showing methylation in CIMP+ tumors was 2.21, compared with 1.22 for CIMP− individuals, and this difference was highly significant (P = 3.6 × 10−8, Mann-Whitney test). Moreover, all CIMP+ tumors showed hypermethylation of at least one of these loci, in contrast to CIMP− tumors, where 18 (16%) samples remained unmethylated. The mean number of simultaneously hypermethylated CpG islands at 2q14.2 differs significantly between CIMP− and CIMP+ tumors, suggesting varying effects of domain silencing in this region. Given that the number of hypermethylated loci at 2q14.2 likely affects the range of silenced flanking genes, high frequency of simultaneous hypermethylation of three CpG islands (EN1, SCTR, and INHBB) may have potential influence on specific characteristics of CIMP+ colorectal cancers. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):585–91)
Breadth of HIV-1 Env-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: relevance to global HIV vaccine design

Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the breadth of HIV-1 Env-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in HIV controllers and HIV progressors with a view to design globally relevant HIV vaccines. Design:The breadth of ADCC towards four major HIV-1 Env subtypes was measured in vitro for 11 HIV controllers and 11 HIV progressors. Methods:Plasma from 11 HIV controllers (including long-term slow progressors, viremic controllers, elite controller and posttreatment controller) and 11 HIV progressors, mostly infected with HIV-1 subtype B, was analysed for ADCC responses. ADCC assays were performed against 10 HIV-1 gp120 and 8 gp140 proteins from four major HIV-1 subtypes (A, B, C and E) and 3 glycosylation-mutant gp140 proteins. Results:ADCC-mediated natural killer cell activation was significantly broader (P = 0.02) and of higher magnitude (P < 0.001) in HIV controllers than in HIV progressors. HIV controllers also showed significantly higher magnitude of ADCC-mediated killing of Env-coated target cells than HIV progressors to both HIV-1 subtype B and the heterologous subtype E gp140 (P = 0.001). We found good ADCC reactivity to subtype B and E Envs, less cross-reactivity to subtype A and minimal cross-reactivity to subtype C Envs. Glycosylation-dependent ADCC epitopes comprise a significant proportion of the total Env-specific ADCC response, as evident from the reduction in ADCC to nonglycosylated form of HIV-1 gp140 (P = 0.004). Conclusion:HIV controllers have robust ADCC responses that recognize a broad range of HIV-1 Env. Glycosylation of Env was found to be important for recognition of ADCC epitopes. Identifying conserved ADCC epitopes will assist in designing globally relevant ADCC-based HIV vaccines.
ICT in Development: A Contextual Approach

The importance of information and communication technology (ICT) in economic development is a topic that still raises contention. The view held commonly among global development institutions—the World Bank, UN, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and so on—is that it plays a positive role. Within a new approach to the role of knowledge in economic development, stress is laid on how to bridge the gap between technologically advanced countries (TACs) where ICT use is widespread and less developed countries (LDCs) where shortage or lack of access to it is perceived as an impediment to growth and development. While agreeing, in principle, with a positive viewpoint on ICT in economic development, this essay takes a different approach; it seeks to analyse the contextual adaptations of ICT use rather than its use ipso facto leading to a positive outcome. It is argued that ICT use adapts itself to the socio-organizational design of work in an LDC rather than transforming it. Further, to bring this technological change, a much more hands-on approach in ICT service production and dissemination would be required instead of these countries functioning as mere recipients of arm’s length ICT services.
Relationship Between Motivation and Learning in Physical Education and After-School Physical Activity

Purpose: A primary goal of physical education is to develop physically literate individuals with the knowledge, skills, and confidence necessary for a physically active lifestyle. Guided by the expectancy-value and interest motivation theories, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between students' motivation and health-related fitness knowledge developed in physical education and their after-school physical activity participation. Method: Third-, 4th-, and 5th-grade students (N = 293) from 6 elementary schools in a large metropolitan school district in the United States provided data on expectancy beliefs and perceived task values, situational interest, health-related fitness knowledge, and after-school physical activity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a simultaneous multiple regression model. Results: It was found that expectancy beliefs (β = .20, t = 2.16, p = .03) and perceived exploration demand (β = .25, t = 2.58, p = .01), a source for situational interest, were positively related to after-school physical activity. The 2 variables, however, accounted for only 11.2% of the variances for children's after-school physical activity participation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that students' active exploration and expectancy beliefs for success in physical education have limited influence on leisure-time physical activity participation.
Use of bacterial luciferase to establish a promoter probe vehicle capable of nondestructive real-time analysis of gene expression in Bacillus spp

We report the construction and use of a new promoter probe vehicle capable of allowing extremely sensitive measurements of transcriptional activity promoted from random, chromosomal DNA fragment inserts. Coupled with the advantage of sensitivity, the detection system is noninvasive, nondestructive, and provides real-time reportage of expression potential. These latter aspects make it an especially valuable system for a continuing analysis of the complex transcriptional regulation patterns now recognized as a dominant control feature during the differentiation and morphogenesis characteristic of the sporulation cycle in Bacillus species. In this respect we describe the isolation of DNA fragments from B. megaterium and B. subtilis capable of initiating transcription in both the respective parent organisms and, in certain instances, also in Escherichia coli. Detailed luminescence studies showed that several promoter regions which are entirely or substantially developmentally controlled were isolated.
Characteristics of 40 Patients With Stroke Associated With Vertebrobasilar

Background and Purpose—Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) may produce symptoms by direct compression of cranial nerves or the brain stem, by obstructive hydrocephalus, or by ischemia in the vertebrobasilar arterial territory. This study was undertaken to examine and characterize clinical and imaging findings in patients with stroke associated with VBD and compare these data with those for patients with VBD who did not have a stroke. Methods—We studied 40 consecutive stroke patients with associated VBD. All were evaluated by CT scan (n59), MRI (n56), or both (n525). The diameter of the basilar artery (BA), height of bifurcation, and transverse position were evaluated. Clinical and imaging findings were compared with those found in a group of 40 VBD patients without stroke. Results—More than half of the patients (24 of 40) had infratentorial infarcts, located mainly in the midpons. Sixteen patients had supratentorial lesions localized in the thalamus (n58) or in the superficial arterial territory of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA; n58). The diameter and height of the bifurcation of the BA were correlated with the location of the lesion (PCA territory versus BA territory), in that severe ectasia and vertical elongation of the BA were significantly more often observed in patients with infarcts in PCA territory than in patients with infarcts in territories supplied by branches of the BA. Comparison of VBD patients with and without stroke showed that the incidence of arterial hypertension and the degree of ectasia and lateral displacement of the BA were not significantly different in the two groups. Patients with stroke more often had atherosclerotic changes of the posterior circulation (P5.0006) and a higher degree of vertical elongation of the BA (P5.025). Conclusions—In patients with VBD, superimposed atheromatous changes of the posterior circulation may have an important role in precipitating ischemia. However, other factors related to the severity of the dolichoectasia also favor ischemia and in some cases are the only factors responsible. (Stroke. 1998;29:653-659.)
Nuclear mechanisms of estrogen action. Effects of estradiol and anti-estrogens on estrogen receptors and nuclear receptor processing.

This study attempted to show directly how antiestrogens (tamoxifen and nafoxidine) affect the estrogen receptor (ER) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The mechanisms of estrogen action through the unfilled ERs in both cytoplasm (Rc) and nuclei (Rn) of this cell line were contrasted with the effects of estradiol (E) and antiestrogens on receptor binding nuclear processing reactions and progesterone receptor (PgR) synthesis. Within 5 minutes E bound Rc and translocated it to the nucleus; E also bound Rn directly. Beginning 30 minutes after E and continuing for 3-5 hours a progressive depletion of about 70% of filled nuclear receptors (RnE) occurred without reappearance of unfilled receptor. From that point on the RnE levels stabilized a step coincident with PgR induction. The antiestrogens also bound Rc and Rn as demonstrated by in vitro competition studies and by exchange rates of tritiated E for ER complexed to antiestrogens in whole cells. However the nuclear antiestrogen receptor complexes were aberrantly processed; 3-5 hours after tamoxifen only 30% of nuclear-bound receptors were lost before nuclear receptor levels stabilized whereas nafoxidine-bound nuclear receptors were not processed at all. In spite of the only partial ER processing after tamoxifen PgR was induced as long as lower steady-state ER levels were maintained. When tamoxifen was removed total cell ERs returned to control levels as Rc were restored. Simultaneously PgR falls. Rc binding and translocation alone however are not sufficient for PgR induction since if nuclear processing fails PgR induction is prevented (as is the case with nafoxidine). These data suggest that nuclear processing steps may be integral to the function of estrogenic compounds as inducers of PgR.
Clinical breast examination and breast self‐examination. Past and present effect on breast cancer survival

Increasing attention to self‐detection of breast masses and clinical breast examination during this century have contributed to a progressive reduction in the size of breast cancers at detection and a progressive improvement in survival. Mammography is more sensitive than breast palpation for the detection of breast cancer, however, mammography does not detect all palpable cancers and additional interval cancers become palpable between screenings. Breast self‐examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography are complementary screening modalities. In populations where mammography is not available or is not appropriate as a screening modality, clinical breast examination and breast self‐examination are particularly important.
New Market Segmentation Knowledge in the Function of Bioeconomy Development in Serbia

Sustainability of companies in modern market conditions greately depends on the knowledge. In order to improve their business processes and satisfy the needs of their customers, managers have to rely on new marketing knowledge, especially in new sectors such as bioeconomy. The aim of this paper is to investigate potential added value to Serbian organic food market segmentation researches (belonging to preconditions of further bioeconomy development) when implementing new marketing knowledge – food-related lifestyle market segmentation and scales’ testings. The results point out to adventurous consumers as the most important current and future market for organic food. Besides being the most educated (what was already established for consumers accepting organic food well in previous domestic researches), it is the first time that consumers accepting organic food in larger extent are brought in connection to their inclusion of the whole family in the preparation of meals and acceptance of novelties in cooking. It is also the first time to identify that there is a segment in domestic conditions for which price is not the greatest obstacle for increasing organic food consumption. That can be of the great importance for all actors (both national and foreign) operating at domestic food market.