Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with P2P traffic in modern networks: measurement, identification and control. (La gestion du trafic P2P dans les réseaux modernes : mesure, identification et contrôle)

Due to the large diffusion of P2P applications and especially P2P live-streaming, P2P traffic occupies an extremely large portion of overall Internet traffic. In this context, this thesis proposes new instruments to measure, identify and control P2P traffic. Regarding traffic classification, since traditional techniques have a hard time identifying P2P traffic, we propose a new behavioral classifier, Abacus, tailored for P2P live-streaming. Our experiments prove that Abacus, though based on simple counts of packets and bytes exchanged by a host, represents a lightweight and accurate solution for identifying P2P applications. Second, since the huge volume of traffic obliges operators to employ either flow-level monitors (e. G. NetFlow) or packet sampling to cut down the amount of measurement data, we evaluate the impact of data reduction on traffic characterization and classification. We show that Abacus can be adapted to this kind of data, suffering only a minor loss in accuracy and statistical classification remains possible if training and validation data are sampled at the same rate, in spite of the distortion introduced by packet sampling. Finally, we study a new transport protocol for P2P traffic, LEDBAT (Low Extra Delay Background Transport Protocol), the congestion control algorithm of the official BitTorrent client. This delay-based algorithm aims to provide an efficient, lower-than-best-effort service. Though faithful to its goals, the original design of LEDBAT appears affected by a latecomer advantage: we identify the main cause of the unfairness and propose effectives correction that restore the fairness.
Limited feedback schemes based on inter-cell interference alignment in two-cell interfering MIMO-MAC

In this paper, we propose two kinds of interference alignment (IA) schemes with limited feedback for the two-cell interfering multi-user multiple-input multiple-output multiple access channel (MIMO-MAC). Since IA with limited feedback results in residual interference for the quantization error, more effective schemes are introduced to reduce the residual interference in this paper compared with the ever work. The first kind of schemes means that the precoding matrices at the transmitters are the quantization value after obtaining the IA close-form solution of the precoding and decoding matrices at the receivers. This kind of schemes has been generalized to K users in this paper, and decoding matrices design is considered to reduce the quantization error to improve the performance. For the second kind of schemes, the beamforming vectors are chosen in the codebooks directly which guarantee the inter-cell interference (ICI) are most aligned. Monte-Carlo simulations illustrate that the proposed schemes outperform the existing schemes.
Genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits in Japanese brown cattle estimated from field records.

Field records from 14,380 Japanese Brown steers by 92 sires were used to estimate genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits. Multipletrait restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures accounting for relationships among sires were used in estimating (co)variance components among average daily gain during fattening periods (ADG), carcass weight (CWT), longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib thickness (RT), marbling score (MS), and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Heritability estimates on an age-constant basis were . 22, . 37, . 38, . 26, . 40, and . 35 for ADG, CWT, LMA, RT, MS, and SFT, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations (rg) among ADG, CWT, and RT were positive and moderately high (.48 to .85). The rg between MS and SFT was -. 12.
Electrical conductivity of steam-flooded, clay-bearing geologic materials

The effect of clay content on the electrical response of steamflooded geologic material is studied using a combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The presence of clay can increase the conductivity of a steam zone by providing a surface conduction path that is enhanced strongly by temperature increases. Clay also increases the residual water saturation in a steam zone, further increasing conductivity. These effects can result in steam zones that are more conductive than initial conditions. However, the presence of clay alone is not sufficient to make all portions of a steam zone conductive relative to initial conditions. Equally important to the electrical behavior is the fluid response of the reservoir to the injection of steam. In particular, the speed of the steam front, relative to the speed of the liquid water in the steam zone, plays a key role. Relatively fast-moving steam fronts cause distilled water banks to form around the front. This leads to steam zones with electrically resistive forward sections, even in clay-rich material. The rear sections of these steam zones can be either resistive or conductive, depending in part on the clay content and the salinity. Relatively slow-moving steam fronts do not cause distilled water banks to form and allow the formation of steam zones that are completely conductive relative to initial conditions. These experimental results demonstrate the potential complexities in steam-flood electrical data. The numerical method used in this study can be used to help interpret those complexities.
Psychosomatic aspects of hypertension

THE relationship between emotions and blood pressure has fascinated writers for centuries. The interest is in no way lessened by the fact that, whereas level of blood pressure is raised temporarily by emotional states, there is little evidence that these, when prolonged, lead to hypertension. But the belief remains that a causal connection should exist and this is reflected by the persistence of relevant research.
Prospective evaluation of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in 36 nonarticular tibial fractures in dogs and cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for nonarticular tibial fractures stabilized using bone plates with or without an intramedullary rod (IMR). STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS Dogs (n=28) and 8 cats. METHODS After closed reduction, fracture fixation was achieved using an epiperiosteal plate inserted percutaneously through epiphyseal small incisions. In some fractures, an IMR was inserted via medial parapatellar arthrotomy. Radiographs were recommended every 3 weeks until clinical union. Postoperative tibial length and alignment were compared with contralateral measurements (P<.05). Time to clinical union and complications were recorded. RESULTS An IMR was used in 30.5% of the cases. Repaired tibiae were 1% shorter than contralateral tibiae (P<.05). Frontal and sagittal alignment were similar between repaired and contralateral tibiae (P>.05). Six dogs were lost for follow-up; owners indicated normal function. In 30 cases for which bone healing was documented, mean±SD healing time was 45±20.8 days; however, when considering the 23 cases, which completed preestablished scheduled follow-ups, healing time was 36±11.6 days. Minor complications occurred in 4 cases (11%). One major complication (3%) consisting of a plate fracture was successfully revised using MIPO with a larger plate. CONCLUSIONS Consistent restoration of alignment was accomplished using MIPO techniques. Furthermore, MIPO appeared to yield faster healing times and lower complication rates than those reported with conventional plate osteosynthesis.
In Wrong Anticipation - Miscalibrated Beliefs between Germans, Israelis, and Palestinians

The reconcilability of actions and beliefs in inter-country relationships, either in business or politics, is of vital importance as incorrect beliefs on foreigners’ behavior can have serious implications. We study a typical inter-country interaction by means of a controlled laboratory investment game experiment in Germany, Israel and Palestine involving 400 student participants in total. An investor has to take a risky decision in a foreign country that involves transferring money to an investee/allocator. We found a notable constellation of calibrated and un-calibrated beliefs. Within each country, transfer standards exist, which investees correctly anticipate within their country. However, across countries these standards differ. By attributing the standard of their own environment to the other countries investees are remarkably bad in predicting foreign investors’ behavior. The tendency to ignore this potential difference can be a source of misinterpreting motives in cross-country interaction. Foreigners might perceive behavior as unfavorable or favorable differentiation, even though—unknown to them—investors actually treat fellow-country people and foreigners alike.
Clinical and Laboratory Study of Children Exposed in utero to Maternal Rubella

Clinical and serological findings are described in 218 children aged 1 to 4 years who were exposed in utero to maternal rubella infection, and who were apparently normal at birth. 84 children were reassessed at 6 to 8 years of age. At the first examination, 23% of children had rubella-like defects, the most common of which was deafness associated in some cases with retinopathy. There was a close correlation between the incidence of rubella defects and both the time of exposure to maternal rubella and the presence or absence of rubella antibodies in the blood at the first examination (1 to 4 years). Children who were seropositive and who were exposed to maternal rubella before the 20th week of pregnancy were at highest risk. Of the 84 children who were reassessed at 6 to 8 years of age, further defects were detected in 9 out of the 49 seropositive children. No further defects were encountered in the seronegative group. 17% of initially seropositive children showed loss of antibody by the second examination, but this, with one exception, was confined to normal children with low antibody titres. These findings stress the importance of long-term follow-up in children at greatest risk.
Search for a mobile target by ground vehicle on a topographic terrain

We address a continuous space search problem, where the searcher and the mobile target are moving on a topographic terrain, and the goal of the searcher is to locate the target in minimum expected time. The detection occurs when the target is located in the searcher's observed area. We assume that the searcher's observed area is bounded by topographic obstacles and changes in time along with the searcher's trajectory. In the report we provide a general algorithm of search, which is applicable to the search for both static and mobile targets. It follows a two-step solution: the first step is a terrain analysis, and at the second step the searcher's path is determined. For all simulated topographies the suggested algorithm converges and provides near-optimal solutions for the search of both static and moving targets even in the cases, where standard methods fail to provide solutions in polynomial time.
Learning new meanings for known words: biphasic effects of prior knowledge

ABSTRACT Long after knowing the meaning of roller-“skate”, one may learn that “skate” is also a kind of fish. Such learning of new meanings for familiar words involves two potentially contrasting processes: form-based familiarity may facilitate the learning, and meaning-based interference may be inhibitory. We had native speakers learn new meanings for familiar and less familiar words, as well as for unfamiliar (novel) words. Tracking learning at several points revealed a biphasic pattern: higher learning rates and greater learning efficiency for familiar words relative to novel words early in learning and a reversal of this pattern later. After meaning learning, lexical access to familiar, but not to less familiar, words became faster than exposure controls. Overall, the results suggest that form-based familiarity facilitates learning earlier, while meaning-based interference becomes more influential later. The co-activation of new and old meanings during learning may play a role in lexicalisation of new meanings.
Subcellular localization of procollagen I and prolyl 4-hydroxylase in corneal endothelial cells.

To investigate the molecular mechanism of intracellular degradation of type I collagen in normal corneal endothelial cells (CEC), we studied the role of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4-H) and protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI; the beta subunit of P4-H) during procollagen I biosynthesis. When the subcellular localization of P4-H and PDI was determined, P4-H demonstrated a characteristic diffuse endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pattern, whereas PDI showed a slightly more restricted distribution within the ER. When colocalization of procollagen I with the enzymes was examined, procollagen I and PDI showed a large degree of colocalization. P4-H and procollagen I were predominantly colocalized at the perinuclear site. When colocalization of type IV collagen with PDI and P4-H was examined, type IV collagen was largely colocalized with PDI, which showed a wider distribution than type IV collagen. Type IV collagen is similarly colocalized with P4-H, except in some perinuclear sites. The colocalization profiles of procollagen I with both PDI and P4-H were not altered in cells treated with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl compared to those of the untreated cells. The underhydroxylated type IV collagen demonstrated a colocalization profile with PDI similar to that observed with procollagen I, while the underhydroxylated type IV collagen was predominantly colocalized with P4-H at the perinuclear sites. Immunoblot analysis showed no real differences in the amounts of the beta subunit/PDI and the catalytic alpha subunit of P4-H in CEC compared to those of corneal stromal fibroblasts (CSF). When protein-protein association was determined, procollagen I was associated with PDI much more in CEC than it was in CSF, whereas type IV collagen showed no differential association specificity to PDI in both cells. Limited proteolysis of the newly synthesized intracellular procollagen I with pepsin showed that procollagen I in CEC was degraded by pepsin, whereas CSF contained type I collagen composed of alpha1(I) and alpha2(I). These findings suggest that procollagen I synthesized in CEC is not in triple helical conformation and that the improperly folded procollagen I may be preferentially associated with PDI before targeting to the intracellular degradation.
Numerical study of the one-dimensional hydrogen atom in an external time-dependent electric field.

A fast and accurate computer code has been developed to solve the Schroedinger equation for the one-dimensional hydrogen atom in an external spatially uniform, time-dependent electric field. Many calculations that previously required hours on a supercomputer can be done in minutes on a workstation. It has been applied to a variety of problems, starting with a system prepared in a hydrogenic eigenstate. In a weak field, for sufficiently short times, the Fermi golden rule has been verified. In very strong fields, the ionization probability oscillates in time, but the mean value increases. Ionization suppression is present only in the averaged sense and with a sudden turnon. For the case of above-threshold ionization, we see ponderomotive shifts and multiphoton resonance peaks in the continuous spectrum. Gauge independence is proved analytically and verified by numerical computations. It is demonstrated that prior numerical work was marred by problems of numerical accuracy and consistency of approximation.
Stereotactic radiosurgery providing long-term tumor control of cavernous sinus meningiomas.

OBJECT To evaluate long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus meningiomas, the authors retrospectively reviewed their 14-year experience with these cases. METHODS One hundred seventy-six patients harbored meningiomas centered within the cavernous sinus. Seventeen patients were lost to follow-up review, leaving 159 analyzable patients, in whom 164 procedures were performed. Seventy-six patients (48%) underwent adjuvant radiosurgery after one or more attempts at surgical resection. Eighty-three patients (52%) underwent primary radiosurgery. Two patients (1%) had previously received fractionated external-beam radiation therapy. Four patients (2%) harbored histologically verified atypical or malignant meningiomas. Conformal multiple isocenter gamma knife surgery was performed. The median dose applied to the tumor margin was 13 Gy. Neurological status improved in 46 patients (29%), remained stable in 99 (62%), and eventually worsened in 14 (9%). Adverse effects of radiation occurred after 11 procedures (6.7%). Tumor volumes decreased in 54 patients (34%), remained stable in 96 (60%), and increased in nine (6%). The actuarial tumor control rate for patients with typical meningiomas was 93.1 +/- 3.3% at both 5 and 10 years. For the 83 patients who underwent radiosurgery as their sole treatment, the actuarial tumor control rate at 5 years was 96.9 +/- 3%. CONCLUSIONS Stereotactic radiosurgery provided safe and effective management of cavernous sinus meningiomas. We believe it is the preferred management strategy for tumors of suitable volume (average tumor diameter < or = 3 cm or volume < or = 15 cm3).
Zukünftige Bedürfnisse der Mobilitätskunden im Jahr 2040 in der Schweiz

Mobilitat wird durch Trends und dadurch einhergehende Veranderung der Umwelt immer komplexer und fur Mobilitatsanbieter schwieriger planbar. Um dieser Komplexitat Rechnung zu tragen wurden zentrale Trends der Mobilitat identifiziert, Mobilitatskriterien gebildet und hiervon zwei Mobilitatsszenarien fur die Zukunft der Mobilitat im Jahr 2040 abgeleitet – die disruptive Digitalisierung und die konservative Demokratie. Es wurden acht Bedurfnisse von Mobilitatskunden und deren 22 Nutzentreiber als zentral identifiziert und in den beiden Szenarien uberpruft, um Erkenntnisse zu den Veranderungen im Informations‐ und Mobilitatsverhalten von Mobilitatskunden zu gewinnen. Es konnte herausgefunden werden, dass die Mobilitatskunden komplex und divers und somit nur schwer in Kundengruppen zu ordnen sind. Ausserdem wurde ermittelt, dass sich das Informations‐, Pendel‐ und allgemeine Mobilitatsverhalten verandern und stark an die Umwelt‐ bzw. Lebens‐ und Arbeitsbedingungen anpassen wird. Der Mobilitatskunde wunscht sich somit in Zukunft 100%‐ige Sicherheit, Punktlichkeit und Planbarkeit sowie emissionsfreie, klimafreundliche, multimodale und zeitungebundene Angebote.
Audiologic phenotype and progression in GJB2 (Connexin 26) hearing loss.

OBJECTIVES To document the audiologic phenotype of children with biallelic GJB2 (connexin 26) mutations, and to correlate it with the genotype. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS Infants and children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). INTERVENTION Sequencing of the GJB2 (connexin 26) gene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Degree and progression of SNHL. RESULTS From December 1, 1998, through November 30, 2006, 126 children with biallelic GJB2 mutations were identified. Of the 30 different mutations identified, 13 (43%) were truncating and 17 (57%) were nontruncating; 62 patients had 2 truncating, 30 had 1 truncating and 1 nontruncating, and 17 had 2 nontruncating mutations. Eighty-four patients (67%) initially had measurable hearing in the mild to severe range in at least 1 of 4 frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, or 4000 Hz). Of these 84 patients with residual hearing, 47 (56%) had some degree of progressive hearing loss. Patients with 2 truncating mutations had significantly worse hearing compared with all other groups. Patients who had 1 or 2 copies of either an M34T or a V37I allele had the mildest hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss owing to GJB2 mutations ranges from mild to profound and is usually congenital. More than 50% of patients will experience some hearing loss progression, generally gradually but occasionally precipitously. Hearing loss severity may be influenced by genetic factors, such as the degree of preserved protein function in nontruncating mutations, whereas hearing loss progression may be dependent on factors other than the connexin 26 protein. Genetic counseling for patients with GJB2 mutations should include the variable audiologic phenotype and the possibility of progression.
Dephosphorylation of CAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit ( Type 11 ) by Calmodulin-dependent Protein Phosphatase

Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase purified from bovine cardiac muscle catalyzed the rapid dephosphorylation of Ser-95 of bovine cardiac CAMPdependent protein kinase regulatory subunit (RII). The kinetic constants determined for the reaction (K , = 20 p ~ ; V,,, = 2 pmol min” mg”) are comparable to those determined for other good substrates of this phosphatase. Because little is known about the determinants of substrate specificity for the calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, various phosphopeptides were used to investigate the structural features important for substrate recognition. Limited proteolysis of phospho-RII with trypsin and chymotrypsin y elded fragments (residues 93-400 and 91-400, respectively) that were poor substrates, whereas digestion with Staphylococcal aureus V8 protease produced three phosphopeptides that were all dephosphorylated as rapidly as intact RII. The sequence of the shortest phosphopeptide produced by S. aureus VS protease was determined by sequence analysis to be Asp-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-ProGly-Arg-Phe-Asp-Arg-Arg-Val-Ser-Val-Cys-Ala-Glu, corresponding to residues 81-99 of RE. Synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to residues 81-99, 85-99, 90-99, and 91-99 were prepared to determine the minimum sequence necessary for substrate recognition. Only the 19-residue peptide (81-99) was dephosphorylated with kinetics comparable to R I ~ ( K , = 26 p ~ , Vmax= 1.7 pmol min-l mg”). Structural analysis of this peptide indicates that an amphipathic &sheet structure may be an important structural determinant for some substrates of the calmodulin-dependent phosphatase.
Understanding mHealth impact among Aponjon (MAMA Bangladesh) subscribers through a phone survey in Bangladesh

The aim of the phone survey was to understand whether any mhealth can make any significant contribution to public health or not. The survey results show that almost two-thirds (63%) of Aponjon primary clients who have completed the Aponjon service cycle from the time of registration up to the delivery of a child attended at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits. This represents a 37% increase over a 2011 national baseline of 26% attending four ANC visits. It is also important to note that 45% of the Aponjon subscribers went to a facility for delivery and 32% chose safe delivery at home. The survey results were also encouraging for subscribers in the 'new mother' category. 56% of new mothers did a postnatal care visit, 91% of new mothers fed colostrum after delivery, and 83% of new mothers practiced exclusive breast feeding. The immunization rate of BCG was 96%, and immunization rate of Pentavalet was 100%. The phone survey revealed that overall 93% of subscribers were satisfied with the service.