Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of fractures of the distal end of the radius in children as associated with growth.

We determined the annual incidence of fracture of the distal end of the radius for patients of all ages and both sexes in the province of Saskatchewan, using two data sets: data on hospital admissions for 1970 through 1984, and data on physician billing for 1978 through 1985. The rate of occurrence of this fracture in children, by age and sex, was compared with longitudinal data on the velocity of growth that was collected during the same time for children from the same population. We compared the incidences of the fracture with the results of studies on the levels of activity in children and adolescents during growth. We also compared the age-specific incidence of the fracture in children with the incidence in adults. For both data sets, the age at the peak incidence of fracture of the distal end of the radius almost perfectly matched the age at which peak velocity of growth in height occurs for boys and girls. For girls, the peak incidence occurred between the ages of 11.5 and 12.5 years and for boys, between 13.5 and 14.5 years; these ages corresponded to the mean peak velocity of growth at 11.9 years for girls and 14.3 years for boys. The age-adjusted incidence of the fracture in male subjects was highest at fourteen years and was not exceeded by that in female subjects until fifty-three to fifty-four years. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effects of Adolescent Intimate Partner Violence on Women’s Educational Attainment and Earnings

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, widespread problem that negatively affects women’s lives, including their economic status. The current study explored whether the financial harm associated with IPV begins as early as adolescence. With longitudinal data from a sample of 498 women currently or formerly receiving welfare, we used latent growth curve modeling to examine the relationships between adolescent IPV, educational attainment, and women’s earnings. We found that women who had been victimized by a partner during adolescence obtained less education compared with nonvictimized women, with victimization indirectly influencing women’s earnings via educational attainment. The findings support the need for intervention strategies aimed at preventing IPV and promoting women’s educational and career development over the life course.
Transcriptome Analysis and Its Application in Identifying Genes Associated with Fruiting Body Development in Basidiomycete Hypsizygus marmoreus

To elucidate the mechanisms of fruit body development in H. marmoreus, a total of 43609521 high-quality RNA-seq reads were obtained from four developmental stages, including the mycelial knot (H-M), mycelial pigmentation (H-V), primordium (H-P) and fruiting body (H-F) stages. These reads were assembled to obtain 40568 unigenes with an average length of 1074 bp. A total of 26800 (66.06%) unigenes were annotated and analyzed with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Eukaryotic Orthologous Group (KOG) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the four transcriptomes were analyzed. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the mycelium pigmentation stage was associated with the MAPK, cAMP, and blue light signal transduction pathways. In addition, expression of the two-component system members changed with the transition from H-M to H-V, suggesting that light affected the expression of genes related to fruit body initiation in H. marmoreus. During the transition from H-V to H-P, stress signals associated with MAPK, cAMP and ROS signals might be the most important inducers. Our data suggested that nitrogen starvation might be one of the most important factors in promoting fruit body maturation, and nitrogen metabolism and mTOR signaling pathway were associated with this process. In addition, 30 genes of interest were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR to verify their expression profiles at the four developmental stages. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of fruiting body development in H. marmoreus by identifying a wealth of new genes that may play important roles in mushroom morphogenesis.
Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the linear epitope RVADVI on VP1 protein of enterovirus 71

Several large outbreaks of hand–foot–mouth disease (HFMD) have occurred in the Asian‐Pacific region since 1997, with Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and/or Coxsackievirus A16 (CAV16) as the main causative agents. Despite the close genetic relationship between the two viruses, only EV71 is associated with severe clinical manifestations and deaths. Effective antiviral treatment and vaccines are not available. High‐quality monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are necessary to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of EV71. In this study, a mAb (designated 1D9) was generated using EV71 C5 strain virus particles as immunogens. Examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting, 1D9 detected successfully all 11 subgenotypes of EV71 and showed no cross‐reactivity to the four selected subgenogroups of Coxsackieviruses CAV4, CAV6, CAV10, and CAV16. A linear motif, R3VADVI8, which is located at the N‐terminus of the EV71 VP1 protein, was identified as the minimal binding region of 1D9. Alignment and comparison of the 1D9‐defined epitope sequence against the listed sequences in the NCBI EV71 database indicated that this epitope R3VADVI8 was highly conserved among EV71 strains, while no significant similarity was observed when blasted against the Coxsackieviruses. This suggests that the mAb 1D9 may be useful for the development of a cost‐effective and accurate method for surveillance and early differentiation of EV71 from CAV16 infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1620–1627, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are Organic Food Labels Inadequate? Evidence from Consumers in Australia

The organic sector is one of the fastest growing food markets in the developed world, with a significant number of consumers continuing to prioritise these products that are perceived to be healthier and more sustainably sourced. The body of existing research has identified that very few consumers are dedicated organic food buyers hence most are purchasing it only some of the time. The most commonly identified barriers to purchasing more are associated with price premiums and limited availability. This paper adds to the literature by exploring another barrier, that of potentially inadequate information on product labels. Based on a large study of consumers in Australia (N=1011) findings show the majority feel information provided on labels is inadequate, and that this has a negative impact on their purchasing behaviour. Priorities for the organic industry to address this consumer concern are enhancing visibility and confidence in organic certification logos, and explaining what organic food is on product labels. Enhancing these marketing communications by providing supporting information via the Internet, as it is now more important than product labels, is likely to further enhance sales.
Direct and indirect costs among patients with binge‐eating disorder in the United States

OBJECTIVE To quantify the economic burden of binge-eating disorder (BED) in terms of work productivity loss, healthcare resource utilization, and healthcare costs. METHODS Respondents of the US National Health and Wellness Survey 2013 were invited to participate in a follow-up internet survey to identify adults with BED using DSM-5 criteria. Work productivity loss, healthcare resource utilization, and direct and indirect costs were assessed for BED respondents and matched non-BED respondents using generalized linear models or two-part models as appropriate. RESULTS A total of 1,720 people were included in our analysis (N = 344 with BED; N= 1,376 without BED). BED respondents had higher levels of activity impairment than non-BED respondents (41.29% vs. 23.18%, p < .001). Employed BED respondents (N = 178) had a greater level of work impairment than employed non-BED respondents (N = 686) (36.83% vs. 14.41%, p = .009). Higher healthcare resource utilization in the past 6 months among BED respondents was reported than matched non-BED respondents: numbers of surgeries (0.23 vs. 0.13, p = .021), ER visits (0.26 vs. 0.15, p = .016), and physician visits (6.09 vs. 4.56, p = .002). BED respondents reported higher total direct costs than matched non-BED respondents ($20,194 vs. $14,465, p = .005). The indirect costs among employed BED respondents were also higher than those without BED ($19,327 vs. $9,032, p < .001). DISCUSSION Individuals with BED reported significantly greater economic burden with respect to work productivity loss, level of healthcare resource utilization, and costs compared to non-BED respondents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:523-532).
THE FIRST RECORD OF LARVAL COLLECTIONS OF OCHLEROTATUS THIBAULTI IN NEW YORK STATE

ABSTRACT Larvae of Ochlerotatus thibaulti Dyar and Knab have not been reported in New York State or New England, but adult records suggest that breeding populations are present. In 2003 and 2004, larval Oc. thibaulti were collected at 3 sites upstate near the Catskill Mountain region in Lomontville, NY. This is the 1st record of Oc. thibaulti collected in New York and New England. Larvae were found in a variety of subterranean habitats within and near semipermanent woodland pools, including under hummocks and in deep and shallow depressions of upturned trees. No immatures were observed after late June. Larvae of Culiseta melanura were found in the same habitats in the early spring and later in the season after Oc. thibaulti had emerged.
The Homeostatic Factor Del-1 Promotes Periodontal Bone Regeneration During Resolution of Periodontitis

Background: Periodontitis is the most common osteolytic disease that is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. Although periodontitis can be initiated by microbial dysbiosis, the net bone loss is due to the uncoupling of bone formation from resorption, in turn attributed to unresolved inflammatory host response. Aberrant resolution of inflammation may contribute to many osteolytic inflammatory diseases, thus there is an urgent need for effective regimens to promote resolution and restore positive osteogenic coupling. Recently, an endogenous molecule, DEL-1, has been identified as a homeostatic factor that restrains osteoclastogenesis, regulates integrin-dependent leukocyte recruitment during the initiation of inflammation, and promotes the resolution of inflammation. This study aims to explore the osteogenic role of DEL-1 in bone regeneration during resolution of periodontitis. Methods: DEL-1-deficient ( Edil3 -/- ) and -sufficient ( Edil3 +/+ ) mice ( n =5-6/group) were subjected to 10-day ligature-induced periodontitis followed by ligature removal for 5 days to facilitate resolution. Bone gain was quantified morphometrically and newly regenerated bone was confirmed by modified Masson’s-trichrome staining. Primary cultures of Edil3 -/- and Edil3 +/+ osteoblastic progenitors were treated with osteogenic medium and their calcification potential was determined by Alizarin-Red-S staining ( n =4cultures/group). DEL-1 and mutant versions thereof were tested in vivo and in vitro to identify critical component(s) of DEL-1 involved in bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation. The receptor
Wealth Accumulation and the Health of Union Army Veterans, 1860–1870

How did the wartime health of Union Army recruits affect their wealth accumulation through 1870? Wounds and exposure to combat had strong negative effects on subsequent savings, as did illnesses while in the service. The impact of poor health was particularly strong for unskilled workers. Health was a powerful determinant of nineteenth-century economic mobility. Infectious diseases' influences on wealth accumulation suggest that the economic gains from the improvement of the disease environment should be enormous. The direct economic costs of the Civil War were probably much greater than previously thought, given the persistent adverse health effects of wartime experiences.
Respiratory gating enhances imaging of pulmonary nodules and measurement of tracer uptake in FDG PET/CT.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of respiratory gating during FDG PET/CT on the determination of lesion size and the measurement of tracer uptake in patients with pulmonary nodules in a clinical setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with known pulmonary nodules (nine women, nine men; mean age, 61.4 years) underwent conventional FDG PET/CT and respiratory-gated PET acquisitions during their scheduled staging examinations. Maximum, minimum, and average standardized uptake values (SUVs) and lesion size and volume were determined with and without respiratory gating. The results were then compared using the two-tailed Student's t test and the nonparametric Wilcoxon's test to assess the effects of respiratory gating on PET acquisitions. RESULTS Respiratory gating reduced the measured area of lung lesions by 15.5%, the axial dimension by 10.3%, and the volume by 44.5% (p = 0.014, p = 0.007, and p = 0.025, respectively). The lesion volumes in gated studies were closer to those assessed by standard CT (difference decreased by 126.6%, p = 0.025). Respiratory gating increased the measured maximum SUV by 22.4% and average SUV by 13.3% (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the use of PET respiratory gating in PET/CT results in lesion volumes closer to those assessed by CT and improved measurements of tracer uptake for lesions in the lungs.
Low Pretherapeutic Serum Albumin as a Risk Factor for Poor Outcome in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

The number of esophageal cancer patients is increasing worldwide and lots of patients suffer from malnutrition and hypoalbuminemic. Serum albumin is a widely acceptable method of assessing nutritional and inflammation status in cancer patients. But whether serum albumin has prognostic value with regard to short-term and long-term outcomes in patients who undergo esophagectomy for cancer is still unclear. We therefore investigated the prognostic role of serum albumin in patients with esophageal cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 208 patients who underwent esophagectomy from September 1, 2003 to December 31, 2008. Clinico-pathological characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between different pretherapeutic serum albumin classes: low (hypoalbuminemic), <35 g/l; middle, 35–40 g/l and high, >40 g/l. Older, female, and higher T-stages were more likely to be associated with hypoalbuminemic. Meanwhile, hypoalbuminemic patients had a higher rate of postoperative mortality and complications including sepsis, respiratory insufficiency, arrhythmia, and cardiac insufficiency. But for preoperative comorbidities, no significant difference was found between different pretherapeutic serum albumin classes. The overall 5-year survival rate was 28.6%, 43.9%, and 50.8% for patients with low, middle, and high pretherapeutic serum albumin levels, respectively. Hypoalbuminemic was associated with poor survival (P = 0.016). In a multivariate analysis, the pretherapeutic albumin level was proved to be an independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio = 0.731; 95% confidence interval: 0.544–0.982, P = 0.037). Pretherapeutic serum albumin level is a signiﬁcant prognostic factor for short-term and long-term outcomes in patients who undergo esophagectomy for cancer, which therefore should be taken into consideration along with other well-deﬁned prognostic factors for better preoperative assessment and prognostic evaluation.
Generation of Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate and Cyclic ADP-Ribose by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Evokes Ca2+ Signal That Is Essential for Insulin Secretion in Mouse Pancreatic Islets

OBJECTIVE—Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), resulting in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The molecular mechanism(s) of the GLP-1–mediated regulation of [Ca2+]i was investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—GLP-1–induced changes in [Ca2+]i were measured in β-cells isolated from Cd38+/+ and Cd38−/− mice. Calcium-mobilizing second messengers were identified by measuring levels of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and cyclic ADP-ribose (ADPR), using a cyclic enzymatic assay. To locate NAADP- and cyclic ADPR–producing enzyme(s), cellular organelles were separated using the sucrose gradient method. RESULTS—A GLP-1–induced [Ca2+]i increase showed a cooperative Ca2+ signal, i.e., an initial [Ca2+]i rise mediated by the action of NAADP that was produced in acidic organelles and a subsequent long-lasting increase of [Ca2+]i by the action of cyclic ADPR that was produced in plasma membranes and secretory granules. GLP-1 sequentially stimulated production of NAADP and cyclic ADPR in the organelles through protein kinase A and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor II. Furthermore, the results showed that NAADP production from acidic organelles governed overall Ca2+ signals, including insulin secretion by GLP-1, and that in addition to CD38, enzymes capable of synthesizing NAADP and/or cyclic ADPR were present in β-cells. These observations were supported by the study with Cd38−/− β-cells, demonstrating production of NAADP, cyclic ADPR, and Ca2+ signal with normal insulin secretion stimulated by GLP-1. CONCLUSIONS—Our findings demonstrate that the GLP-1–mediated Ca2+ signal for insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells is a cooperative action of NAADP and cyclic ADPR spatiotemporally formed by multiple enzymes.
On the Performance of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2V for the Cooperative Awareness of Connected Vehicles

To improve safety on the roads, next-generation vehicles will be equipped with short-range communication technologies. Many applications enabled by such communication will be based on a continuous broadcast of information about the own status from each vehicle to the neighborhood, often referred as cooperative awareness or beaconing. Although the only standardized technology allowing direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication has been IEEE 802.11p until now, the latest release of long-term evolution (LTE) included advanced device-to-device features designed for the vehicular environment (LTE-V2V) making it a suitable alternative to IEEE 802.11p. Advantages and drawbacks are being considered for both technologies, and which one will be implemented is still under debate. The aim of this paper is thus to provide an insight into the performance of both technologies for cooperative awareness and to compare them. The investigation is performed analytically through the implementation of novel models for both IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2V able to address the same scenario, with consistent settings and focusing on the same output metrics. The proposed models take into account several aspects that are often neglected by related works, such as hidden terminals and capture effect in IEEE 802.11p, the impact of imperfect knowledge of vehicles position on the resource allocation in LTE-V2V, and the various modulation and coding scheme combinations that are available in both technologies. Results show that LTE-V2V allows us to maintain the required quality of service at even double or more the distance than IEEE 802.11p in moderate traffic conditions. However, due to the half-duplex nature of devices and the structure of LTE frames, it shows lower capacity than IEEE 802.11p if short distances and very high vehicle density are targeted.
Ophthalmic anthropometry of an urban malawian population

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the ophthalmic anthropometric measures of an urban Malawian population and further investigate the age and gender variation. Method: Eight ophthalmic anthropometric parameters including near interpupillary distance (NIPD), distance interpupillary distance (DIPD), head width (HW), temple width (TW), length to bend (LTB), splay angle (SA), frontal angle (FA) and Downward angle to drop (DAD) were measured from a sample of 304 participants between the ages of six (6) to twenty-five (25) years. The sample was made up of 177 (58.2%) males and 127 (41.8%) females. Results: The DIPD and NIPD values were 65.5 ± 4.6 mm and 60.9 ± 4.1mm, respectively. The HW (129.3 ± 9.8 mm) was found to be 8 mm wider than the TW (121.2 ± 9.6). The average LTB of the temples was 103.4 ± 6.5 mm with a corresponding DAD of 60.2 ± 1.4°. All noses measured had an average FA of 18.8 ± 2.0° and SA of 28.0 ± 1.4°. Gender and age were significant determinants of the magnitude of the facial parameters evidenced by males and the older population (16-25years) having higher values. Apart from having a relatively narrower nose, Urban Malawians have wider ophthalmic anthropometric measures than Asian, Arab and West Indian populations. They have similar facial measures with border countries like Mozambique and significantly different measures when compared with West African populations. Conclusion: Ophthalmic anthropometry among urban Malawians is different from other populations, and the variations need to be considered in the design and distribution of eyewear as well as the diagnosing of ocular facial anomalies and reconstructive plastic surgeries.
Dosing Frequency and Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease

BACKGROUND: Prior research has shown a decrease in medication adherence as dosing frequency increases; however, meta-analyses have not been able to demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between dosing frequency and adherence when comparing twice-daily versus once-daily dosing. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of scheduled dosing frequency on medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases. METHODS: A systematic literature search of Medline and Embase from January 1986 to December 2011 and a hand search of references were performed to identify eligible studies. Randomized and observational studies were included if they utilized a prospective design, assessed adult patients with chronic diseases, evaluated scheduled oral medications taken 1 to 4 times daily, and measured medication adherence for at least 1 month using an electronic monitoring device. Manual searches of reference sections of identified studies and systematic reviews were also performed to find other potentially relevant articles. Standard definitions for medication taking, regimen, and timing adherence were used and evaluated. Studies were pooled using a multivariate linear mixed-model method to conduct meta-regression accounting for both random and fixed effects, weighted by the inverse of the variance of medication adherence. RESULTS: Fifty-one studies, comprising 65, 76, and 47 dosing frequency arms for the taking, regimen, and timing adherence endpoints were included. Unadjusted adherence estimates were highest when the least stringent definition, taking adherence, was used (range for dosing frequencies: 80.1%-93.0%) and lowest when the most stringent definition, timing adherence, was used (range for dosing frequencies: 18.8%-76.9%). In multivariate meta-regression analyses, the adjusted weighted mean percentage adherence rates for all regimens dosed more frequently than once per day were significantly lower compared with once-daily regimens (for 2-times, 3-times, and 4-times daily regimens, respectively: differences for taking adherence: –6.7%, –13.5%, and –19.2%; regimen adherence: –13.1%, –24.9%, and –23.1%; and timing adherence: –26.7%, –39.0%, and –54.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic diseases appear to be more adherent with once-daily compared with more frequently scheduled medication regimens. The use of more stringent definitions of adherence magnified these findings.