Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School Health Promotion Programs Over the Past Decade: A Review of the Smoking, Alcohol and Solar Protection Literature

Schools have a great in£uence on the health status of young people and health education programs have existed in schools for many years. A lack of evidence for positive long-term impact of these programs has led to the development of a new approach to school-based health promotionoHealth Promoting Schools. This is a comprehensive whole-school approach which incorporates the principles of the Ottawa Charter and has attracted a great degree of interest and commitment at international, national and state levels. However, it is not clear whether or how this approach is being adopted and implemented at the school level and what the current state of research in the¢eld is.This paper reviews the current state of research and the nature of past and present school health promotion programs targeting three health risk behavioursosmoking, alcohol consumption and skin protection. A series of computer database searches were conducted for January 1983 to March 1995, identifying 600 relevant citations. These were, ¢rstly, classi¢ed into types of publications using the framework of the Staged Approach, themajority of publications focusing on descriptive research of smoking and alcohol use. Secondly, those articles classi¢ed as intervention trials were examined for incorporation of the principles of the Health Promoting Schools concept. Most programs utilised only a curriculum/social skills approach. No programs were identi¢ed which had attempted to implement and evaluate the Health Promoting Schools approach in its entirety for any of the three health risk behaviours. Given the increasing interest and investment in the approach, this review highlights a need for well-designed intervention trials which implement and evaluate the Health Promoting Schools approach.
Studying the Physical and Psychological Symptoms of Patients With Cancer

Objectives; Aim of the descriptive study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of physical and psychological symptoms so as to determine palliative care needs of cancer patients. Methods; Total 142 patients who were treated in oncology clinic at an university hospital were enrolled in the cross sectional research. “Descriptive Information Questionnaire” was developed by the authors and the adapted “Beck Depression Inventory (BAI)” and “Beck Anxiety Inventory (BDI)”, “Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS)” to evaluate psychological and physical symptoms were used to collect data. Results; The mean age was 49,35±36,61 years and 54.9% of them were out-patients. %16.2 of the patients were diagnosed with colon and 13.4% breast cancer. The mean BDI score was 8.59±6.36, and 88.7% the patients have depressive symptoms. The mean BAI score was 11.39±7.53. The three most frequent problems were fatigue (87.3%), breathlessness (76.1%), and insomnia (67.6%). The mean of the highest-ranking problems were anorexia (6.02+2.77), fatigue (5.33+2.09) and insomnia (0.04+2.42). Conclusion: The study shows that some symptoms might be experienced by majority of the cancer patients as well as some symptoms might be felt more severe by fewer patients. Therefore, It should be assessed that both the frequency and severity of symptoms that patients experienced associated with cancer and its’ treatment individually and focusing on primary care.
Percepção dos enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família sobre o uso da fitoterapia

The use of medicinal plants is widespread around the world including Brazil, where there are several species and a large tradition in their use. It was aimed to know the perception of the nurses about the use of phytotherapy in Health Family Strategy (HFS). Exploratory descriptive study, qualitative approach, developed in Crato-CE with fifteen nurses from HFS. It was employed the Theme-Category Analysis. It were constructed six categories and two subcategories which were described the knowledge of professionals about phytotherapy, their views about use in primary care, the use of this practice and the strategies developed for this use. The results revealed that the knowledge of the interviewees mostly is narrow and informal, and they find difficulties to implement phytotherapic practices such as no valuation by the management and the rest of the health group. It should be emphasized as well the importance of developing strategies that enable the safe and efficient integration of phytotherapy in care and thus the appreciation of local culture.
Global Ischemia Activates Nuclear Factor-κB in Forebrain Neurons of Rats

Background and Purpose After global ischemia, brain levels of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen radicals, and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are increased. Oxygen radicals, TNF-α, and IL-1β are known to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in vitro. The present study was performed to determine whether NF-κB was activated in vivo by global ischemia in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Methods Adult male rats were subjected to 30 minutes of four-vessel occlusion and killed 72 hours later. Levels of NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits in hippocampus were determined by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and gel-shift analysis. Specific labeling of DNA strand breaks was demonstrated by means of an Apoptag apoptosis detection kit. Results Labeling of DNA strand breaks was present at 72 hours. Chromatin compaction and segregation, a characteristic of apoptosis, was observed in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. NF-κB p50 and p65 immunoreactivity localized only to nuclei of CA1 neurons at .
Whole body applications of positron emission tomography in oncology

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images the increased glucose transport and glycolysis of cancer cells.Detection with FDG-PET depends on tumour metabolic activity and not tumour size.FDG is accurate for staging some tumours because tumour can be detected in normal sized lymph nodes.FDG-PET may be useful where anatomical imaging is difficult owing to post-treatment effects.FDG-PET is increasingly important in the assessment of metabolic response to treatment.
A comparison of ocular melanocyte and uveal melanoma cell invasion and the implication of α1β1, α4β1 and α6β1 integrins

BACKGROUND/AIMS Posterior uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumour in adults, responsible for the death of approximately 35% of patients. Hepatic metastases are most frequent, and once diagnosed survival is usually less than 1 year. The β1 family of integrins, αvβ3 and MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been implicated in the metastasis of several types of tumour. To study their involvement in uveal melanoma we analysed the expression of the β1 integrins, αvβ3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in 10 primary posterior uveal melanomas, and correlated expression with invasive potential in vitro. Comparable studies were undertaken on cultures of melanocytes. METHODS Expression of integrins was studied by immunohistochemistry, secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by zymography, and the invasive potential was assessed using a transwell model. RESULTS MMP-2 was secreted by all uveal melanomas and seven of 10 secreted MMP-9. Among uveal melanoma, invasion levels of 4–25% were observed and the major integrins expressed were α1β1, α2β1, α3β1, α5β1, and avβ3. Melanocytes did not express α1β1, α4β1, and α6β1. CONCLUSION The laminin binding α6β1 integrin was not expressed by either melanocytes or tumours with spindle morphology, which are considered to have a better prognosis. It is possible that expression of the α6β1 integrin may prove useful as a prognostic indicator.
Making happiness a priority in Telford and Wrekin. Targeted mental health in schools (TaMHS) final local evaluation report April 2011

Local evaluation to identify the impact of the TaMHS project and to inform decisions about wider implementation. The project aimed to: secure better emotional health and well-being for children and young people living in Telford and Wrekin; and deliver a co-ordinated approach to improve emotional health and well-being for children and young people in the Central cluster.
Factors Influencing Nurses' Responses to Abused Women

This article is based on the findings from a study in which nurses from two different countries and a variety of clinical settings explained their approach to the nursing care of abused women and described their understanding of issues of abuse. These conclusions constitute one aspect of a larger study titled “Nurses' Social Construction of Self: Implications for Work With Abused Women” (Henderson, 1999). Following a description of the nurses' practice, the author discusses some of the important contextual factors that influence nurses' ability to act effectively in the care of abused women. Although the participants in this study were nurses, and therefore much of the information presented derives from their accounts, many of the issues raised might equally have implications for other community practitioners or healthcare professionals encountering abused women in the course of their practice. These implications are discussed.
Proinflammatory effects of bare and PEGylated ORMOSIL-, PLGA- and SUV-NPs on monocytes and PMNs and their modulation by f-MLP.

AIMS We wanted to test the proinflammatory effects of vinyltriethoxysilane-based organically modified silica nanoparticles (ORMOSIL-NPs) in vitro on blood leukocytes. MATERIALS & METHODS Cell selectivity, cytokines/chemokines and O(2) (-) production were analyzed using nonpolyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated and PEGylated ORMOSIL-NPs, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-NPs and small unilamellar vesicles (SUV)-NPs. RESULTS ORMOSIL-NPs mostly bound to monocytes while other NPs to all leukocyte types similarly. Cell capture of PEGylated-NPs decreased strongly (ORMOSIL), moderately (PLGA) and weakly (SUV). Bare ORMOSIL-NPs effectively stimulated the production of IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/IL-8 by monocytes and of IL-8 by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). NP PEGylation inhibited such effects only partially. Formyl-methionine-leucine phenylalanine (f-MLP) further increased the release of cytokines/chemokines by monocytes/PMNs primed with bare and PEGylated ORMOSIL-NPs. PEGylated SUV-NPs, bare and PEGylated ORMOSIL- and PLGA-NPs sensitize PMNs and monocytes to secrete O(2) (-) upon f-MLP stimulation. CONCLUSION ORMOSIL-NPs are preferentially captured by circulating monocytes but stimulate both monocytes and PMNs per se or by sensitizing them to another agonist (f-MLP). PEG-coating confers stealth effects but does not completely eliminate leukocyte activation. Safe nanomedical applications require the evaluation of both intrinsic and cooperative proinflammatory potential of NPs.
Lecithin-based novel cationic nanocarriers (LeciPlex) I: fabrication, characterization and evaluation.

AIMS In the present investigation, the feasibility of fabricating novel self-assembled cationic nanocarriers (LeciPlex) containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and soybean lecithin using pharmaceutically acceptable biocompatible solvents such as 2-Pyrrolidone (Soluphor P) and diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol) was established. MATERIALS & METHODS The interaction between DDAB/CTAB and soybean lecithin in the nanocarriers was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro antimicrobial studies. The positive charge on the nanocarriers was confirmed by zeta potential analysis. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy analysis could not reveal sufficient information regarding the internal structure of the nanocarriers, whereas cryotransmission electron microscopy studies indicated that these novel nanocarriers have unilamellar structure. Small-angle neutron scattering studies confirmed interaction of cationic surfactant (DDAB) and lecithin in the nanocarriers and confirmed the presence of unilamellar nanostructures. CONCLUSION Various hydrophobic drugs could be encapsulated in the CTAB/DDAB-based lecithin nanocarriers (CTAB-LeciPlex or DDAB-LeciPlex) irrespective of their difference in log p-values. In vitro antimicrobial studies on triclosan-loaded LeciPlex confirmed entrapment of triclosan in the nanocarriers. The ability of CTAB-LeciPlex and DDAB-LeciPlex to condense plasmid DNA was established using agarose gel electrophoresis. DDAB-LeciPlex could successfully transfect pDNA in HEK-293 cells indicating potential in gene delivery.
Radioevaluation of PAMs, CMs, and PS‐Lip as an oral carrier for vaccine delivery into intestinal Peyer's patches

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of pullulan acetate microparticles (PAMs), chitosan micropaticles (CMs), and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl‐serine‐liposomes (PS‐Lip) as oral carriers for delivery to the intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs). To monitor PP delivery after oral administration, PAMs, CMs, and PS‐Lip were radiolabeled with 99mTc. Radiolabeling efficiencies of the particles were 95±2.5% (PAMs), 87±4.3% (CMs), and 77.2±5.8% (PS‐Lip). In delivery studies to the PPs, the percentage of PS‐Lip taken up to the PPs was 3.8 × 10−3±0.3% of the administered dose with PS‐Lip group showed significantly high uptake compared to the PAM and CM groups. These results suggest that PS‐Lip may be used as a potential system for developing an oral delivery carrier. Drug Dev. Res. 67:884–889, 2006. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in magnetic particle uptake by CNS neuroglial subclasses: implications for neural tissue engineering.

AIM To analyze magnetic particle uptake and intracellular processing by the four main non-neuronal subclasses of the CNS: oligodendrocyte precursor cells; oligodendrocytes; astrocytes; and microglia. MATERIALS & METHODS Magnetic particle uptake and processing were studied in rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, and the results collated with previous data from rat microglia and astrocyte studies. All cells were derived from primary mixed glial cultures. RESULTS Significant intercellular differences were observed between glial subtypes: microglia demonstrate the most rapid/extensive particle uptake, followed by astrocytes, with oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes showing significantly lower uptake. Ultrastructural analyses suggest that magnetic particles are extensively degraded in microglia, but relatively stable in other cells. CONCLUSION Intercellular differences in particle uptake and handling exist between the major neuroglial subtypes. This has important implications for the utility of the magnetic particle platform for neurobiological applications including genetic modification, transplant cell labeling and biomolecule delivery to mixed CNS cell populations.
Topical use of recombinant human thrombin for operative hemostasis

Background: The topical use of thrombin has a long history in surgery as an adjunct for achieving operative hemostasis. Until recently the majority of thrombin used topically was derived from bovine plasma. This preparation has been proven to be immunogenic and has led to safety concerns in recent years. Recombinant human thrombin (rhThrombin) has recently been developed as an alternative for topical use for surgical hemostasis. Objective: To review the clinical safety and efficacy data relating to rhThrombin using bovine-derived thrombin as a comparative standard. Methods: This review summaries recent literature regarding topical use of rhThrombin using bovine thrombin as the ‘gold standard’ for topical surgical hemostasis. Conclusions: The data indicates that topical rhThrombin is as effective as bovine thrombin for hemostasis and significantly less immunogenic.
Quality of life after liver transplantation in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy

Liver transplantation in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy is associated with considerable risks for the patient and produces only a slight improvement in neurological function. The aims of the study were to assess these patients' quality of life alder transplantation and their satisfaction with the outcome of the operations and also to identify the physical and mental symptoms that had some impact on their quality of We. Twelve patients, who had undergone liver transplantation far familial atnyloid polyneuropathy (Portuguese) answered a questionnaire including 61 questions on somatic and mental symptoms, social aspects, information, confidence and satisfaction. Eight of the patients (66%) were completely satisfied with the outcome of the transplantation. Furthermore, ten patients (83%) reported a distinct or considerable improvement in spite of persistent symptoms from their lower and upper extremities after the transplantation. Functional impairment of the upper extremities was mare closely related to patients' quality of life than impairment of the lower extremities. Thus, the patients were quite satisfied with the outcome of the transplantation. The patients' assessment of their functional status after the transplantation did not correlate significantly with the physicians ‘pre-operative assessment; a betterpre-transplantation assessment of the patients functional status, especially hand function, is needed.
Integrated Primary and Behavioral Health Care in Patient-Centered Medical Homes for Jail Releasees With Mental Illness

Many jail releasees have persistent physical and mental health needs that are frequently unaddressed, leading to high rearrest rates and return to jail. This article details the potential benefits and challenges of integrated health services during transition planning and return to the community and details lessons learned from a pilot program in Houston, Texas. It examines how patient-centered medical homes, a modality supported by policy changes at the federal level, provide one means of effective transition from jail to the community that integrates behavioral health services with primary care. Evidence from the pilot program suggests that effective integrated health services for jail releasees can help divert individuals from a cycle of recidivism.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dentists Towards Patients With HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections

Background: Dental practitioners can be exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during routine work. Objectives: In this study, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the dentists in Zahedan were examined on patients with HIV, HBV, and HCV infections. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 dentists in Zahedan in 2013. A reliable and valid questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and performance of the dentists toward the infectious diseases of HIV, hepatitis B and C was distributed to all dentists who worked in Zahedan. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score of the knowledge, attitude and practice of the dentists were 51.45 ± 3.16 out of 63, 20.22 ± 3.74 out of 39 and 64.41 ± 4.49 out of 72, respectively. Most of the participants (95%) believed that the fear and concern of the transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV infections are among the reasons of refusing the infected patients. The relationship between demographic variables and the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although the dentists had a proper knowledge in the field of transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections, fear and concern of being infected make them to refuse these patients. Therefore, training dentists to improve their attitudes toward treatment of these patients is necessary.
The challenges facing healthcare lecturers and professors to lead and promote a research-based culture for practice

A qualitative study was undertaken to explore lecturers’ and professors’ views of their role in shaping attitudes to, and careers in, research for the nursing and allied health professional workforce. A purposive sample was used to identify key participants (n = 30), from four universities across southwest England, with 7—8 participants from each institution. Data were collected between October 2005 and January 2007. Data were managed, analysed and coded with the assistance of the qualitative data analysis software NVivo using a thematic content analysis. This paper reports the findings, which are limited to the challenges facing the higher education workforce in taking the lead to promote a research based culture for practice. Overall, participants see themselves as playing a significant and important role in shaping the research agenda in healthcare. However, with only 9% of the education workforce holding a doctoral qualification, capacity and capability need further investment, as well as the need to ensure their balanced workload. The research leadership of professors is highly valued, though the study recommends greater transparency of expectations in their role. In conclusion, with the introduction of new clinical academic pathways, the higher education workforce is key to inspiring, educating and supporting them in their role.
The Role of Paranasal Sinuses in the Aerodynamics of the Nasal Cavities

A simplified model of the nasal cavity contains the paranasal sinuses was constructed. The level of ventilation and pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses was also integrated into the model. It was demonstrated that during the normal operation of the nasal cavity, turbulent airflow predominates. When the nasal cavities are blocked due to pathology, the airflow is laminar.
Histopathological effects of pesticide-cholopyrifos on kidney in albino rats -

Background: Histopathological lesions have been widely used as biomarkers for health evaluation of organism exposed to pollutants and can be used as warning symptoms for organism health. There are few reports regarding histomorphological changes in kidney following pesticide chlorpyrifos exposure which has prompted us to undertake this study. Methods: The present study was conducted on 45 inbred adult Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 145 – 165 gms. These animals were randomly divided into 3 groups A, B, C. Oral Chlorpyrifos was given to the experimental groups B and C in dose of 5 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. Group A served as control and was left as such. 3 animals from each group were sacrificed after 1 week, 2 nd week, 4 th week, 6 th week and 8 th week of initiation of experiment to see the histological changes in the kidney architecture. Results: Group A shows no histological alterations. Group B – No histological alterations in the kidney after 1 week. From 2 weeks-8 there was shrinkage of glomerulus at initial stages of treatment, tubular dilation, glomerular hypercellularity, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, degeneration of renal tubules, deposition of eosin positive substance in the glomerulus and renal tubules. There were infiltration of lymphocytes in the interstitium and increased vascularity in the form of dilated vessels fibrosis and interstitial oedema. All these changes were suggestive of glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis leading to acute renal failure progressing to chronic renal failure with increasing duration. In Group C – the Kidneys of 1 week Chlorpyrifos treated rats exhibited shrunken glomeruli and hypertrophy of renal tubular epithelium. From 2 nd week- 8 th week, the changes seen were more pronounced than Group B Conclusion: The present study showed that significant histomorphological changes were caused in the kidneys of rats administered with Chlorpyrifos. These changes were markedly different from the control rats. Hence this study brought into light the renal toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos which was found to be significant at high dose level.