Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pretence Awareness Contexts and Oscillating Nature of Coaching Frames

Drawing on data from three studies, this paper argues that the learning and teaching of player coaching is an important frame of temporary motivation for players during gameplay. Furthermore, play framed temporarily as a coaching experience exhibits what Fine (1983) called the oscillating nature of engrossment and operates under the same kind of pretence awareness context (Glaser & Strauss, 1964) that he described in relation to role-playing games. We argue the teaching of a new game, or parts of a game, is a fleeting yet recurring experience, with participants oscillating between regular mundane everyday play and coaching new players. The coach and other players are often expected to continue play as if they had not seen any strategically important information during their time coaching and learning. This is of course a pretence, the implications of which are explored.
The negative attitudes of nurses towards older patients in the acute hospital setting: A qualitative descriptive study

Aim: This paper reports the findings of a sub-sample of interviews from a larger study designed to explore the attitudes of health care workers towards older people in that acute care setting. The discussion in this paper focuses only on interviews with nurses and their negative attitudes towards older people in their care. Background: As Australia’s ageing population continues to grow exponentially, their demand for hospital care also increases. Many nurses in the acute care setting have had little, if any, specialist education in the care of older people and therefore do not understand the extent of their needs. Coupled with the lack of specialist knowledge is the low status of older person care in this setting. Many nurses prefer to care for younger patients with acute illnesses that are curable (Nay 1993 in Nay & Garratt 2004: 61). As with the population at large, health care professionals hold negative views about old age and this is reflected in their attitudes. Method: The findings presented in this paper focus on data analysed from in depth interviews with nurses. As a prompt to discussions, nurses were presented with scenarios that exemplified both positive and negative attitudes to care. However, much of what was discussed in interviews focused on negative attitudes. Interviews with medical and allied health staff will be reported in a separate paper. Results: The analysis of data with nurses reveals two themes and sub-themes. ‘Marginalisation and oppression of the older person’ shows the ways in which nurses perceive older people are relegated to a lower status in the acute care setting, how this is ‘contagious’ and how ‘lack of time’for care for older people is problematic and has become their ‘catchcry’. ‘Stereotyping the older person’ depicts some of the ways in which this evolves, for example, through ‘Chinese Whispers’ (UsingEnglish.com 2006), but has become part of the ageist culture.
Electromechanical deflections of piezoelectric tubes with quartered electrodes

The deflection of a piezoelectric tube, with the outer (or inner) metal coating sectioned into four quadrants, is analyzed. We show that by applying a voltage V on one of the quadrants, the electromechanical deflection is (√2d31VL2/πDh), where d31 is the piezoelectric coefficient, L is the length, D the diameter, and h the wall thickness of the tube. The deflections calculated with it agree well with the results of finite‐element calculations and direct experimental measurements. The formula can be used in the design and application of tube scanners in scanning tunneling microscopes and scanning force microscopes.
The Effect of Long-Term Deafness on Speech Recognition in Postlingually Deafened Adult Clarion® Cochlear Implant Users

Research suggests that duration of deafness prior to cochlear implantation affects postoperative speech recognition in adults. Duration of deafness usually is defined as the number of years between the onset of profound deafness and implantation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of duration of deafness — expressed as percentage of life with deafness — independent of age at implantation on postoperative speech recognition in adult postlingually deafened CLARION® Multi-Strategy™ Cochlear Implant users. Speech recognition tests (CID sentences and NU6 words) were administered to 202 consecutively implanted adults preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months after initial device fitting. Patients implanted at a younger age and those with smaller percentages of their lives with deafness achieved the highest levels of short-term postoperative speech recognition. Patients who had been deaf for ≥60% of their lives demonstrated a slower rate of speech recognition improvement than those with shorter durations of deafness, but still continued to improve with increased implant experience.
Ferromagnetic Stoner excitations detected by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.

Spin-flip Stoner excitations have been detected in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{80}$${\mathrm{B}}_{15}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{5}$ using simple electron-energy-loss spectroscopy via the strong energy dependence of the exchange process involved. The Stoner-excitation contribution, obtained as the difference between energy-loss spectra taken with low-energy and high-energy primary electrons, is in good agreement with the results of spin-polarized electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and with theoretical predictions.
Coronary artery calcification in CKD-5D patients is tied to adverse cardiac function and increased mortality

Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (CKD-5D) and is an important predictor of mortality. However, cardiac functional links between CAC and mortality have not been well established. This study tested the hypothesis that CAC increases mortality by adversely affecting cardiac function. Methods: Patients were recruited from 37 regional dialysis centers. 2-D and Doppler echocardiographic analyses were performed, and CAC was measured using 64-slice computed tomography. Relationships between CAC and echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) function were analyzed. Survival was assessed with median follow-up of 37 months. Results: There were 157 patients: 59% male, 46% Caucasian, 48% diabetic. Median age was 55 years, and median duration of CKD-5D was 45 months. Agatston CAC scores > 100 were found in 69% of patients, with 51% having a score > 400. CAC was associated with measures of LV systolic and diastolic function (global longitudinal strain (GLS; rho = 0.270, p = 0.004)), peak LV systolic velocity (rho = –0.259, p = 0.004), and estimate of LV filling pressure (E:E’; rho = 0.286, p = 0.001). Multivariate regression confirmed these relationships after adjustment for age, gender, LV ejection fraction, and coronary artery disease. Valvular calcification varied linearly with CAC (p < 0.05). Both LV diastolic and systolic functional measures were significant predictors of mortality, the strongest of which was LV diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions: These findings show a link between CAC, cardiac function, and mortality in CKD-5D. LV diastolic function (E:E’), peak LV systolic velocity, and GLS are independent predictors of mortality. Valvular calcification may be an important marker of CAC in CKD-5D. These effects on cardiac function likely explain the high mortality with CKD-5D and describe a potentially-valuable role for echocardiography in the routine management of these patients.
Loss of New Chemokine CXCL14 in Tumor Tissue Is Associated with Low Infiltration by Dendritic Cells (DC), while Restoration of Human CXCL14 Expression in Tumor Cells Causes Attraction of DC Both In Vitro and In Vivo1

Breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK) CXCL14 is a new CXC chemokine with unknown function and receptor selectivity. The majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and some cervical squamous cell carcinoma do not express CXCL14 mRNA, as opposed to constitutive expression by normal oral squamous epithelium. In this study, we demonstrate that the loss of CXCL14 in HNSCC cells and at HNSCC primary tumor sites was correlated with low or no attraction of dendritic cell (DC) in vitro, and decreased infiltration of HNSCC mass by DC at the tumor site in vivo. Next, we found that recombinant human CXCL14 and CXCL14-positive HNSCC cell lines induced DC attraction in vitro, whereas CXCL14-negative HNSCC cells did not chemoattract DC. Transduction of CXCL14-negative HNSCC cell lines with the human CXCL14 gene resulted in stimulation of DC attraction in vitro and increased tumor infiltration by DC in vivo in chimeric animal models. Furthermore, evaluating the biologic effect of CXCL14 on DC, we demonstrated that the addition of recombinant human CXCL14 to DC cultures resulted in up-regulation of the expression of DC maturation markers, as well as enhanced proliferation of allogeneic T cells in MLR. Activation of DC with recombinant human CXCL14 was accompanied by up-regulation of NF-κB activity. These data suggest that CXCL14 is a potent chemoattractant and activator of DC and might be involved in DC homing in vivo.
Urban-rural differences in prehospital care of major trauma.

OBJECTIVES To compare differences in response times, scene times, and transport times by advanced life-support-trained paramedics to trauma incidents in urban and rural locations. METHODS This report was a prospective cohort study of professional emergency medical services conducted in a five-county area in the state of Washington. Ninety-eight percent of trauma transports are provided by professional paramedics trained in advanced life support. Subjects were included in this study if they qualified as a major trauma victim and were transported or found dead at the scene by one of the region's advanced life support transport agencies between August 1, 1991, and January 31, 1992. The severity of injury was rated using the Prehospital Index. Incident locations were defined as "rural" if they occurred in a US Census division (a geographic area) in which more than 50% of the residents resided in a rural location. RESULTS During the 6-month data collection period, advanced life support agencies responded to a total of 459 major trauma victims in the region. A geographic locations was determined for 452 of these subjects. Of these, 42% of subjects were injured in urban areas and the remainder in rural areas. The severity of injuries, as determined both by the triage classification (p = 0.17) and the distribution of Prehospital Index scores (p = 0.92), was similar for urban and rural major trauma patients. Twenty-six (5.7%) subjects died at the scene. About one quarter of both groups had a severe injury, as indicated by Prehospital Index score of more than 3. The mean response time for urban locations was 7.0 minutes (median = 6 minutes) compared with 13.6 minutes (median = 12 minutes) for rural locations (p < 0.0001). The mean scene time in rural areas was slightly longer than in urban areas (21.7 vs. 18.7 minutes, p = 0.015). Mean transport times from the scene to the hospital were also significantly longer for rural incidents (17.2 minutes vs. 8.2 minutes, p < 0.0001). Rural victims were over seven times more likely to die before arrival (relative risk = 7.4, 95% confidence interval 2.4-22.8) if the emergency medical services' response time was more than 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Response and transport times among professional, advanced life-support-trained paramedics responding to major trauma incidents are longer in rural areas, compared with urban areas.
The Role of Habit in Post-Adoption Switching of Personal Information Technologies: A Push, Pull and Mooring Model

In recent years, information technologies have broken outside the confinement of business organizations and entered the daily lives of individual users. Unlike users of workplace technologies, users of personal technologies are not bound to specific products by organization mandates, and have the freedom to switch from one product to another that offers similar functionalities and satisfies the same need. In this paper, we approach technology switching as a special form of post-adoption user behavior and propose a comprehensive model that explains postadoption technology switching. Post-adoption use is usually a highly routinized behavior, and switching to alternative products typically involves interruption of well-formed routines. Therefore, we draw from the social psychology and post-adoption user behavior literature, and argue that habit impacts switching intention and behavior independent of reasoned influences. Furthermore, we apply the push-pull-mooring paradigm from human migration and customer switching literature, and incorporate three sources of reasoned influences: push, pull, and mooring factors. The main contribution of this article is improving our understanding of post-adoption technology switching, valuable to both researchers and practitioners.
Do managers experience more stress than employees? Results from the Intervention Project on Absence and Well-being (IPAW) study among Danish managers and their employees.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether managers' perceived stress and work strain is higher than perceived stress and work strain among employees. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS The study is based on questionnaire responses from 2052 respondents (128 managers and 1924 employees) at 48 worksites. Bi-variate and multivariate analyses were used to explain possible differences in stress levels and related mediators. RESULTS Managers experienced higher demands, higher level of conflicts, and lower degree of social support from peers. They tended to experience significantly lower emotional stress, whereas this trend was insignificant with regards to behavioural, somatic and cognitive stress. The difference was partly explained by higher scores in the psychosocial work environment factors; job satisfaction, perceived management quality from their managers, influence, degrees of freedom at work, possibilities for development and meaning of work. For behavioural stress, 41% of the difference was explained by the preventive factors, 20% for somatic stress, 39% for emotional stress and 56% for cognitive stress. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the preventive psychosocial factors explain parts of the managers' lower stress level. These results contradict the lay perception of managers being under higher pressure and experiencing more stress than employees. Interventions aiming at reducing employee stress levels, especially regarding behavioural and cognitive stress, could benefit from focussing on psychosocial work environment exposures such as skill discretion, meaning of work, psychological demands, information flow and management quality.
A collaborative evaluation of seven alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test using pharmaceutical intermediates.

Much of the data which have been generated on in vitro alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test have dealt with compounds within a specific chemical class or product category. However, in the pharmaceutical industry, it is often necessary to evaluate materials which are not related in structure or properties. It was thus decided to evaluate a diverse series of chemicals in seven in vitro methods for estimating ocular irritation. Thirty-seven test materials were chosen to represent a broad range of pH, solubility, and in vivo irritation potential. Assays were chosen to include as many different types of end points as practical. The group of assays was composed of TOPKAT (assessing structure-activity relationships), bovine corneal opacity-permeability (BCO-P; corneal opacity/toxicity), Eytex (protein coagulation), neutral red uptake (cytotoxicity), MTT in living dermal equivalent (cytotoxicity), Microtox (cytotoxicity in bacteria), and CAMVA (inflammation/toxicity). The results of the study indicated that, in general, the cytotoxicity end points did not correlate well with the in vivo data. The BCO-P, CAMVA, and Eytex assays had the best overall concordance (88.9, 75.8, and 75.0%, respectively) with this set of compounds. Estimation of irritation potential based on structure-activity (TOPKAT) was possible for only approximately 50% of the compounds; however, the assay showed 100% sensitivity (i.e., no false negatives), but low specificity (i.e., negatives correctly identified only 54.5% of the time). These data suggest that for screening of chemicals of diverse structure and properties, the more mechanism-based assays, as opposed to general cytotoxicity assays, hold more promise and should be further evaluated.
Determinan Pengadopsian Layanan Internet Banking: Perspektif Konsumen Perbankan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

The consumer adoption of a new information system technology has been a central theme in information systems research nowadays. Prior research on this area has identified several factors influencing end user acceptance and satisfaction. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigated end consumer perceptions of Internet Banking services in relation to determinants of the services. The findings indicated that alliance service, task familiarity, and perceived ease of use are the main factors of the adoption. Keywords: technology acceptance model, internet banking, personalisasi, jasa aliansi, kefamiliaran tugas, kemam¬puan akses, persepsi manfaat, persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, sikap.
Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review

The objective of this work is to review all known physico-chemical methods used for the determination of the botanical origin of honey. In earlier works special attention is ascribed to the classification power of different classification methods (Persano Oddo et al., 1995b, 2000; Anklam, 1998; Molan, 1998; Bogdanov and Martin, 2002). This review gives a critical evaluation of all physico-chemical methods, which have been used up to the present time for the classification of unifloral honeys. The review is divided into two parts. The first one provides a general survey of classical physico chemical methods. These methods are mostly validated and widely used in the routine control of honey. In the second part the utility of new methods for authentication of botanical origin is discussed. In most cases, these methods are not yet harmonised and validated for routine use. The principle of each new method is briefly discussed, without going into details, which can be found in the cited references.
Customer switching resistance (CSR)

Purpose – This research attempts to understand why – or why not – customers resist switching service providers when a critical incident occurs. The paper examines how service relationship perceptions, such as perceived equity, trust (perceived reliability and benevolence) and relationship commitment (affective and calculative), enhance relationship maintenance and CSR in many critical situations.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted in the financial service industry on a sample of 1,999 consumers (retail banking) and then conceptualized and measured CSR in several critical situations.Findings – The paper demonstrates that perceived equity, perceived reliability, perceived benevolence, affective commitment, and calculative commitment do not influence CSR the same way. CSR mainly depends on the type of critical incident which occurs. For instance, calculative commitment, which is an evaluation of the costs associated with leaving the service provider, enhances CSR in three critical situations.
What Do Outside Directors Know? Evidence from Outsider Trading

In this paper we investigate the amount of information independent directors possess about their company, by comparing their trading performance in the company stock to that of the officers of the firm. We find that they earn positive and substantial abnormal returns when they purchase the company stock, and that the difference with the insiders is relatively small at most horizons. The results are robust to controlling for firm fixed effects, the size of the transaction and stock holdings in the firm, firm’s size and book to market, and past return volatility. Both officers and independent directors make higher returns in thevery worst governed firms and the gap between these two groups widens in such firms. We also find suggestive evidence that independent directors sitting on the audit committee, and attending more meetings, are more informed than others, and that larger boards are worse for insiders’ performance, but beneficial for the outsiders. To check for the possibility that the outsiders are overall well informed, but only when the officers want so, rather than when it is more crucial to monitor the management, we analyze the trading performance in firms that have been involved in earning restatements. Our findings suggest that independent directors were informed about the firm, although to a lesser extent than the insiders.
Bereavement reactions among homosexual men experiencing multiple losses in the AIDS epidemic.

OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether deaths of lovers and close friends from AIDS increased the frequency of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in a group of homosexual men. METHOD Two hundred seven volunteer male homosexual subjects were interviewed in New York City in 1988 and 1989. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, administered by a clinician, and two self-report symptom checklists. Subjects were evaluated for major depression with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Each subject also reported the number of lovers and close friends who had died of AIDS 1) since the beginning of the epidemic in 1981 and 2) in the 6 months preceding the interview. RESULTS Neither the overall level of depressive symptoms, the presence of specific symptom clusters, nor the presence of a diagnosed depressive disorder was related to the number of AIDS deaths a subject reported in either time frame. In contrast, bereavement reactions specific to loss, namely, preoccupation with and searching for the deceased, were more common in subjects with greater numbers of losses. The findings for depressive symptoms and major depression are not readily explained by measurement artifact, overrepresentation of asymptomatic subjects among study volunteers, habituation effects, numbness, or shallowness of attachments in the subjects. CONCLUSIONS Changes in normative expectations regarding AIDS deaths and mobilization against AIDS within the gay community may account for the lack of association between the number of losses resulting from AIDS and the presence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder.
Application of spectral-hole burning in the inhomogeneously broadened gain of self-assembled quantum dots to a multiwavelength-channel nonlinear optical device

A nonlinear device capable of handling multiple wavelength channels simultaneously by using spectral-hole burning in the inhomogeneous broadening of the gain in self-assembled quantum dots is proposed. The multichannel property of this device stems from the localized absorption or gain change at the pump wavelength within the inhomogeneously broadened gain spectrum. The spectral width of the modulation and its time evolution was also evaluated. The result indicates the applicability of this device to multichannel operation.