Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations on all Births (23,970) in Birmingham, 1947 *

BIRTH WEIGHT AND DURATION OF GESTATION That mean birth weight is higher for males than for females has been consistently recorded (for example by Pearson, 1900; Murray, 1924; Martin, 1931; Bakwin and Bakwin, 1934; Anderson, Brown, and Lyon, 1943), and more recently by Karn and Penrose (1951), Norval, Kennedy, and Berkson (1951), and Salber and Bradshaw (1951). There have been fewer investigations of duration of gestation; but in general reported differences between the two sexes have been trivial (Schlichting, 1880; Siegel, 1921; Anderson, Brown and Lyon, 1943; Karn, 1947; Karn and Penrose, 1951). Table I gives mean birth weights of the Birmingham births as 7 57 and 7 31 lb.
Serum and cerebral spinal fluid chemistry values for the monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Abstract : Normal values for 24 serum and 8 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) chemical components were determined for the monkey (Macaca mulatta). Analyses were performed on serum from 10 males and 10 females, and sex-related differences in the levels of some of the constituents were evaluated. The serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, allantoin, total protein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and amylase were significantly different between the sexes (p.05). Chemical analyses were performed on CSF from 18 males and 12 females. Significant sex-related differences in concentration were found for calcium, chloride and total protein in CSF.
Modified insemination procedure in cattle: deep uterine deposition of smaller numbers of frozen-thawed or sex-selected spermatozoa.

SUMMARY After describing the site of fertilisation and that of the functional sperm reservoir in the female tract, proposals are made concerning a modified site of sperm deposition. A deep pre-ovulatory insemination into the ipsilateral uterine horn - the side adjoining the ovulatory follicle - should raise the chances of establishing viable spermatozoa in the isthmus where they would undergo storage. Suppressed motility within viscous secretions and binding of the head to endosalpingeal microvilli characterise this phase. Release and activation of such spermatozoa would be prompted by imminent ovulation and associated endocrine programming delivered via a local route. Potential advantages of deep insemination include (1) raising the overall fertility of genetically valuable bulls whose non-return rates are sub-optimal; (2) reducing the number of spermatozoa in each insemination dose; (3) using effectively the limited numbers of sex-selected sperm cells (X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa) currently available from flow cytometry; and (4) breeding from valuable but oligospermic bulls. Putative disadvantages might include (1) rectal palpation of the ovaries to locate the preovulatory follicle; (2) damage or even perforation of the uterine wall by the deep insemination catheter; (3) risk of polyspermic fertilisation; and (4) the inappropriateness of the technique for non-clinically qualified inseminators. Each of these reservations is responded to in a rational manner. In conclusion, a modified technique of insemination would be feasible under commercial conditions, might enable retention of genetically valuable bulls deemed of only average fertility under test conditions, and could give a welcome boost to a sagging artificial insemination industry.
Bisindole-PBD regulates breast cancer cell proliferation via SIRT-p53 axis

In a previous study we reported the role of potent bisindole-PBD conjugate as an inclusion in the arsenal of breast cancer therapeutics. In breast cancer cell proliferation, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role by prosurvival mechanism that inhibits programmed cell death. Here, 2 breast cancer cells lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid / SAHA) and bisindole-PBD (5b). We have investigated the effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and SIRT expression including epigenetic regulation. There was consistent decrease in the level of PI3K, AKT, mTOR proteins upon treatment of 5b in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines compared to untreated controls. Treatment with caspase inhibitor (Q-VD-OPH) confirmed that the effect of 5b on PI3K signaling was ahead of apoptosis. Real time PCR and western blot analysis showed profound reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2. Molecular docking studies also supported the interaction of 5b with various amino acids of SIRT2 proteins. Treatment with 5b caused epigenetic changes that include increase of acetylated forms of p53, increase of histone acetylation at p21 promoter as well as decrease in methylation state of p21 gene. Compound 5b thus acts as SIRT inhibitor and cause p53 activation via inhibition of growth factor signaling and activation of p53 dependent apoptotic signaling. This present study focuses bisindole-PBD on epigenetic alteration putting 5b as a promising therapeutic tool in the realm of breast cancer research.
Remineralizing Potential of a Low Fluoride Toothpaste with Sodium Trimetaphosphate: An in situ Study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a low-fluoride (F) toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel remineralization in situ. Design: Bovine enamel blocks were selected on the basis of their surface hardness (SH) after caries-like lesions had been induced, and randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, according to the toothpastes used: without F or TMP (placebo); 500 ppm F; 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP; and 1,100 ppm F. The study design was blinded and crossover and performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Eleven subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks which were treated 3 times per day during 1 min each time, with natural slurries of saliva and toothpaste formed in the oral cavity during toothbrushing. After each phase, the percentages of surface (%SHR) and subsurface hardness recovery (%ΔKHNR) were calculated. F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (Pi) contents in enamel were also determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). Results: Toothpaste with 500 ppm F + TMP and 1,100 ppm F showed similar %SHR and %ΔKHNR as well as enamel F, Ca, and Pi concentrations. Conclusion: The addition of TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste promoted a similar remineralizing capacity to that of a standard (1,100 ppm F) toothpaste in situ.
Ecology and Evolution of Darwin’s Finches

Being old enough to remember the era of vinyl record albums, in which record companies often repackaged the same songs in reissues which usually differed only in the album cover, I was transported back to those days by this book. Not because Peter Grant has suddenly become a country-and-western singer, but because Princeton University Press has copied the recording industry's tactics of the 1970s by reissuing his 1986 classic book on Darwin's finches, complete with new cover and the equivalent of 'liner' notes in a foreward by Jonathan Weiner.
Toward a homogenization of academic social sites: A longitudinal study of profiles in Academia.edu, Google Scholar Citations and ResearchGate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the distribution of profiles from academic social networking sites according to disciplines, academic statuses and gender, and detect possible biases with regard to the real staff distribution. In this way, it intends to know whether these academic places tend to become specialized sites or, on the contrary, there is a homogenization process. Design/methodology/approach To this purpose, the evolution of profiles of one organization (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas) in three major academic social sites (Academia.edu, Google Scholar Citations and ResearchGate) through six quarterly samples since April 2014 to September 2015 are tracked. Findings Longitudinal results show important disciplinary biases but with strong increase of new profiles form different areas. They also suggest that these virtual spaces are gaining more stability and they tend toward a equilibrate environment. Originality/value This is the first longitudinal study of profiles from three major academic social networking sites and it allows to shed light on the future of these platforms’ populations.
Modeling the characteristics of an inductively coupled plasma antenna for use in a micro-propulsion system

An ion thruster for small satellites is under development. The thruster uses an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) generated by a flat spiral antenna for the ion source. The antenna is fabricated using the Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) materials system. The antenna has been modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation software. The antenna operating frequency range (600 MHz to 1 GHz) in LTCC (εr=7.8) results in a wavelength on the same order of magnitude as the total length of conductor in the antenna. An analysis of the antenna's behavior is presented.
Does the “ Sleep Effect ” on Memory Depend on Sleep or on Night Time ?

I is a well-established fact that recall of verbal information from long-term memory is superior after retention intervals of nocturnal sleep in comparison to retention intervals of daytime wakefulness (1-9). This finding was subsequently termed “sleep effect” (10). However, due to the confounding of the two factors sleep/wake and circadian phase that is inherent in the experimental design used, the effect cannot be attributed unambiguously to the independent variable sleep. This leaves the question whether the beneficial effect on memory is mediated by sleep per se or whether it “may actually be due to circadian variables which simply share the same period of time” (6, p. 372). To disentangle both factors, the sleep and the wake condition have to occupy the same nocturnal period. Though primarily aimed at isolating the differential effects of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, partial evidence for a beneficial effect of sleep per se comes from research investigating the first and second half of a 7 h nocturnal sleep separately. With the exception of Wagner et al. (11) all studies in this area found significantly better retention when subjects slept through the first 3-4 h of the night than Does the “Sleep Effect” on Memory Depend on Sleep or on Night Time?
An Experimental Study of the Flow-Through Venous Flap: Investigation of the Width and Area of Survival with One Flow-Through Vein Preserved

A quantitative analysis was undertaken to investigate the width and area of survival of flow-through venous flaps in 20 ears of 10 rabbits. The 3.0- x 3.0-cm flap models, which included one flow-through vein, were prepared with additional circulation from the graft bed and surrounding tissue excluded, as far as possible. The flaps were divided as follows: Group A--composite grafts (n = 10), and Group B--flow-through venous flaps (n = 10). All flaps in Group A became necrotic and all those in Group B showed partial survival along the flow-through vein. The average survival width was 1.10 +/- 0.48 cm, and the survival rate was 44 +/- 19.3 percent. Microangiograms revealed patency of the flow-through vein in all flaps of Group B. Histologically, there tended to be progressively more fibrous tissue in the area further away from the flow-through vein. The model is useful to investigate the width and area of survival in flow-through venous flaps.
Quality-of-life and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women after receiving hormone therapy: results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) trial.

CONTEXT Postmenopausal hormone therapy is commonly used by women for disease prevention, but its effects on quality of life have not been well documented. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on quality of life of estrogen plus progestin therapy used as secondary prevention in women with coronary artery disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 2763 postmenopausal women with documented coronary artery disease (mean age, 67 years) in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted from January 1993 to July 1998 at outpatient and community settings at 20 US clinical centers. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 0.625 mg/d of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg/d of medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 1380) or placebo (n = 1383) for 36 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity, measured by the Duke Activity Status Index; energy/fatigue and mental health, measured by RAND scales; and depressive symptoms, measured on the Burnam screening scale, at 3 years of follow-up. RESULTS In all patients, scores declined significantly over 3 years for physical function (-3.8; P<.001), mental health (-0.6; P =.05), and energy/fatigue (-3.8; P<.001), but depressive symptoms were not significantly changed (P =.20). The effect of hormone therapy on these measures depended on the presence (n = 434) or absence (n = 2325) of flushing at study entry. Women with flushing who were assigned to hormone therapy had improved mental health (+2.6 vs - 0.5; P =.04) and fewer depressive symptoms (-0.5 vs + 0.007; P =.01) over follow-up compared with those assigned to placebo. Women without flushing who were assigned to hormone therapy had greater declines in physical function (-4.2 vs -3.3; P =.04) and energy/fatigue (-4.6 vs -3.1; P =.03) over follow-up. Quality-of-life scores were significantly lower among patients with older age, diabetes, hypertension, chest pain, or heart failure. These differences in quality of life among women classified by clinical characteristics were much greater than the effects of hormone therapy. CONCLUSION Hormone therapy has mixed effects on quality of life among older women. The effects of hormone therapy depend on the presence of menopausal symptoms; women without flushing had greater declines in physical measures, while women with flushing had improvements in emotional measures of quality of life.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Lower Limb Bone Stress Injuries: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the improvement of lower limb bone stress injuries in a civilian population. Design:A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to compare LIPUS with placebo. Setting:Civilian private practice population in Sydney, Australia. Participants:Subjects were recruited if a grade II-IV bone stress injury was diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of either the postero-medial tibia, fibula or second, third, or fourth metatarsal. Subjects of all levels of sporting activity were included. Thirty subjects were initially recruited, and 23 subjects were included in the final analysis. Interventions:Subjects were randomized into either the treatment or placebo arm and matched to the site of injury (tibia, fibula, or metatarsal). Subjects in both arms used either treatment or placebo devices for 20 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Main Outcome Measures:Six clinical parameters (night pain, pain at rest, pain on walking, pain with running, tenderness, and pain with single leg hop) were compared before and after intervention. The changes in MRI grade and bone marrow edema size were also compared. Results:There were no significant differences between the treatment and placebo conditions for changes in MRI grading (2.2 vs 2.4, P = 0.776) or bone marrow edema size (3 vs 4.1, P = 0.271). There were no significant differences between the treatment and placebo conditions for the 6 clinical parameters. Conclusions:Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was found not to be an effective treatment for the healing of lower limb bone stress injuries in this study. However, this was measured over a relatively short duration of 4 weeks in a small, mostly female population. Clinical Relevance:This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial has shown that LIPUS is not an effective treatment for lower limb bone stress injuries.
Surface Chemistry of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Relevant to Adhesion on Mineral Surfaces

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells grown on sulfur, pyrite, and chalcopyrite exhibit greater hydrophobicity than ferrous ion-grown cells. The isoelectric points of sulfur-, pyrite-, and chalcopyrite-grown cells were observed to be at a pH higher than that for ferrous ion-grown cells. Microbe-mineral interactions result in change in the surface chemistry of the organism as well as that of the minerals with which it has interacted. Sulfur, pyrite, and chalcopyrite after interaction with T. ferrooxidans exhibited a significant shift in their isoelectric points from the initial values exhibited by uninteracted minerals. With antibodies raised against sulfur-grown T. ferrooxidans, pyrite- and chalcopyrite-grown cells showed immunoreactivity, whereas ferrous ion-grown cells failed to do so. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of sulfur-grown cells suggested that a proteinaceous new cell surface appendage synthesized in mineral-grown cells brings about adhesion to the solid mineral substrates. Such an appendage was found to be absent in ferrous ion-grown cells as it is not required during growth in liquid substrates.
The Anterior Spreader Flap: A Minimally Invasive Alternative to the Auto Spreader Flap in the Treatment of Patients with Nasal Valve Dysfunction

We present a new method of treatment for nasal valve dysfunction caused by insufficiency or stenosis in a patient who refused open septum revision despite a significant degree of septum deviation. The Anterior Spreader Flap (ASF) technique was suggested as an alternative to open nasal septum revision and was performed under local anesthesia. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tests were performed pre- and post-operatively and our patient was asked to complete a self-assessment using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for nasal breathing (0 = free nasal breathing, 10 = complete nasal blockage) before and 12 months after surgery. The ASF is a minimally invasive endonasal procedure in which the caudal edge of the upper lateral cartilage is dissected from the septum, and folded inwards and fixed. The ASF allows for less airflow resistance and more free space. CFD techniques revealed a reduction in local pressure based on extended space. In addition, VAS scores improved from 9 to 2 points (right side) and from 8 to 2 points (left side). On the basis of these findings, the ASF technique can be considered a safe, minimally invasive spreader flap technique. It can easily be combined with other nasal surgical techniques, as it is necessary in most cases. In selected cases, the ASF may be performed as a single procedure in patients with nasal valve dysfunction caused by septum deviation as an alternative to open septum revision.
Superficial esophageal carcinoma: An in vitro study of high‐resolution MR imaging at 1.5T

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of high‐resolution MR imaging at 1.5T for evaluating the mural invasion of superficial esophageal carcinoma. Forty‐one esophageal specimens taken from patients suspected of having superficial carcinoma were studied using a 1.5T MR system with a surface coil. Spin‐echo MR images were obtained with a field of view of 50mm, matrix of 256 × 256, and section thickness of 2mm (voxel size = 0.08mm3). MR findings were compared with histopathologic findings. T2‐weighted images clearly depicted the normal esophageal wall as consisting of 8 layers. In 39 (95%) of 41 carcinomas, the depth of mural invasion determined by MR imaging correlated well with that determined with histopathologic examination. The MR‐based stage was higher in 2 (5%) cases than the histopathologic stage. High‐resolution MR imaging at 1.5T shows a high diagnostic accuracy for evaluating the mural invasion of superficial esophageal carcinoma, thus potentially enabling preoperative histopathologic staging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:225–231. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congruence between mothers' and fathers' differential treatment of siblings: links with family relations and children's well-being.

We studied patterns of mothers' and fathers' differential treatment of firstborn (average age 10.5 years) and secondborn (average age 8 years) school-age siblings, and we examined the links between parents' differential treatment and children's well-being and dyadic family relationships. Mothers, fathers, and both siblings in 110 families were interviewed in their homes. For each dimension of parental behavior that we assessed (i.e., differential affection and discipline) we created groups of families that reflected mothers' and fathers' levels of differential treatment (e.g., discipline the firstborn more, equal treatment, discipline the secondborn more). Although we detected substantial correspondence between the 2 parents' differential treatment, we found a sizable group of families in which parents' reports were incongruent (i.e., 1 parent reported equal and the other differential treatment). Parental patterns were linked to differences between the siblings' well-being and both sibling and parent-child relationships, with younger siblings exhibiting greater vulnerability to differential treatment. Incongruence in differential warmth was associated with marital distress.
Nodules are induced on alfalfa roots by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium trifolii containing small segments of the Rhizobium meliloti nodulation region

Regions of the Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes from the symbiotic plasmid were transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium trifolii by conjugation. The A. tumefaciens and R. trifolii transconjugants were unable to elicit curling of alfalfa root hairs, but were able to induce nodule development at a low frequency. These were judged to be genuine nodules on the basis of cytological and developmental criteria. Like genuine alfalfa nodules, the nodules were initiated from divisions of the inner root cortical cells. They developed a distally positioned meristem and several peripheral vascular bundles. An endodermis separated the inner tissues of the nodule from the surrounding cortex. No infection threads were found to penetrate either root hairs or the nodule cells. Bacteria were found only in intercellular spaces. Thus, alfalfa nodules induced by A. tumefaciens and R. trifolii transconjugants carrying small nodulation clones of R. meliloti were completely devoid of intracellular bacteria. When these strains were inoculated onto white clover roots, small nodule-like protrusions developed that, when examined cytologically, were found to more closely resemble roots than nodules. Although the meristem was broadened and lacked a root cap, the protrusions had a central vascular bundle and other rootlike features. Our results suggest that morphogenesis of alfalfa root nodules can be uncoupled from infection thread formation. The genes encoded in the 8.7-kilobase nodulation fragment are sufficient in A. tumefaciens or R. trifolii backgrounds for nodule morphogenesis.
Perception and Production Boundaries between Fricative [s] and Affricate [ts] in Japanese

The perception and production boundaries between a fricative [s] and an affricate [ts] in Japanese were investigated to clarify the relationship between them. Regression and discriminant analyses revealed that the perception and production boundaries between [s] and [ts] were represented by very similar linear functions defined by the variables of rise duration and steady+decay duration. In addition, the perception boundary discriminated between [s] and [ts] in the production data with a small error rate (7.11%). These results indicate a correspondence between the perception and production boundaries separating [s] and [ts], and suggest a close connection between speech perception and production.