Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Citizenship crisis or xenophobia?:a critical analysis of service delivery protest in South Africa

South African local government has been synonymous with the service delivery protests since the acquiring of democratic rule in 1994. The service delivery protests have been accompanied by images of burnt tyres, looting of goods, and destruction of property, road blockades and violence against foreigners (xenophobia). Frustrated local citizens perpetrated these atrocities. This paper has identified the need to look at the underlying cause of such behaviour. The question is whether all the blame can be put on the municipal government for its failures to provide quality service delivery to its citizens or it is part of the generic problem around the world of citizenship politics where until recently most nations are faced with the problem of migration and the growing population. This paper seeks to explain the violent social service delivery protests as part of the identity or citizenship crisis emanating from South Africa's historical background. Consequently, pertinent issues such as xenophobia and the current problem of immigrants in South Africa and around the world will be explained as the discussion continues under. This research discovers that it is problematic to put together all these municipal problems under the broader rubric service delivery protest. The other explanation to the issue of service delivery protests is what the researchers of this article describe as citizenship crisis. Citizenship crisis in South Africa is explained in the instance where the country has been struggling with building its image since the acquiring of democratic rule. The late former President Nelson Mandela envisaged that South Africa is a rainbow nation. Nonetheless, the country has been faced with the non-acceptance of foreign nationals within its borders. In essence, this can be attributed to effects of the apartheid system on the mind of the people.
Equity in Hospital Services Utilisation in India

March 23, 2013 vol xlviiI no 12 EPW Economic & Political Weekly 52 We acknowledge the help received from Jyoti Mazumdar of the National Sample Survey Offi ce, New Delhi. The critical comments received from Gavin Mooney, University of Sydney, Australia, on a previous version of the paper are also gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to an anonymous reviewer whose constructive comments vastly helped to improve the quality of the paper.
Host specialization of IS-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum to Scots pine, Norway spruce and common fir in field inoculation experiments

Werner A. , Łakomy P. Host specialization of IS-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum to Scots pine, Norway spruce and common fir in field inoculation experiments. Two field inoculation experiments were conducted to study intraspecific variation in vertical spread of the P-, Sand F-IS-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum in stems of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Abies alba. Host-plants were inoculated with four isolates of each IS group after 10 mm long wounds made with a sterile knife (experiment 1) or 3 mm diameter radial holes made with a drill (experiment 2). On pine, the P-group isolates were more virulent than S and F isolates in terms of infection frequency, mortality rate and vertical spread in sapwood. The S isolates had higher incidence of infection and extensive growth on spruce than on pine. The F isolates were significantly less virulent on pine and spruce than on fir. Vertical spread of all IS groups on fir was similar. In spite of between-strain-within-IS group variation in vertical spread on each host, the study provided strong evidence for the occurrence of intraspecific differences in the host preference. In the interspecific analysis with three hosts, the isolates, IS groups and host × strain and host × IS group interactions accounted for most of the explained variation, while host-plants accounted for the smallest portion of the variance. Additional key words: between-strain-within-hosts variation, host preference, intersterility groups, vertical spread in sapwood, wounding methods Addresses: A. Werner, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, Pl 62-035 Kórnik, Poland, e-mail: aswerner@rose.man. poznan.pl P. Łakomy, Department of Forest Pathology, August Cieszkowski University of Agriculture, Wojska Polskiego 71c, Pl 60-625, Poznań, Poland
The dynamic functional capacity theory: A neuropsychological model of intense emotions

Abstract The music-evoked emotion literature implicates many brain regions involved in emotional processing but is currently lacking a model that specifically explains how they temporally and dynamically interact to produce intensely pleasurable emotions. A conceptual model, the dynamic functional capacity theory (DFCT), is proposed and provides a foundation for the further understanding of how brain regions interact to produce intensely pleasurable emotions. The DFCT claims that brain regions mediating emotion and arousal regulation have a limited functional capacity that can be exceeded by intense stimuli. The prefrontal cortex is hypothesized to abruptly deactivate when this happens, resulting in the inhibitory release of sensory cortices, the limbic system, the reward-circuit, and the brainstem reticular activating system, causing “unbridled” activation of these areas. This process is hypothesized to produce extremely intense emotions. This theory may provide—music-evoked emotion researchers and music therapy researchers—a theoretical foundation for continued research and complement current theories of emotion.
The association between the allelic state of Vp-1B and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in red-seeded hexaploid triticale

The core collection of red-seeded winter hexaploid triticale with different pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance was evaluated for the allelic structure of the gene VIVIPAROUS-1B (Vp-1B) with STS molecular marker. The discovered structure of the collection has been found as follows: 50.0% and 41.7% of the collection carries the Vp-1Bа and Vp-1Bc alleles, respectively, while 8.3% possesses both of them. As a result of the seed color estimation, the collection was divided into two groups: with dark red seeds and light red seeds. The allele Vp-1Bc has appeared to be associated with PHS resistance while Vp-1Ba with PHS susceptibility in the triticale accessions with light red seeds only. The influence of the seed color and allelic state of Vp-1B on PHS resistance in triticale is discussed.
On Semi-artinian Weakly Co-semisimple Modules

We show that every semi-artinian module which is con- tained in a direct sum of finitely presented modules in (M), is weakly co-semisimple if and only if it is regular in (M). As a consequence, we observe that every semi-artinian ring is regular in the sense of von Neumann if and only if its simple modules are FP-injective.
Profiled Leading Edge Groove Tilting Pad Journal Bearing For Light Load Operation.

Optimization of a leading edge groove tilting pad journal bearing for application in a small, high speed, multistage steam turbine is described. Rotordynamics constraints to meet a design objective maximum operating speed of 18000 rpm resulted in a rotor with a 51.0 in bearing span and 5.0 in diameter tilting pad journal bearings. This configuration yielded a design with projected bearing loads of less than 25 psi, and journal surface speeds that could approach 400 ft/sec. Under these conditions, the applicable limits of conventional style tilting pad journal bearings are stretched, since operation is well into the turbulent flow regime. This can result in significantly higher than predicted operating pad temperatures and increased frictional losses. Furthermore, at very light pad loads, bearing dynamic performance and influence on rotor behavior often does not correlate well with theory. For this application, high efficiency leading edge groove bearings (journal and thrust) were used, due to their preferred steady state operating characteristics at high speed. However, as is often observed with lightly loaded conventional style journal bearings, dynamic performance did not precisely match that predicted by theory. This was investigated by profiling the exit side of the leading edge groove with both a tapered and pocket geometry. Two case histories are presented demonstrating their effect on rotor-bearing stability and unbalance response. The modified bearings yielded greater system stability at high speeds, reduced overall vibration amplitudes, and greatly improved effective damping on passing through the rotor's first peak response speed.
Enhancing the yield and quality parameters of polyhouse grown hybrid sweet pepper by using plant growth regulators

The yield and quality parameters of sweet pepper as influenced by plant growth regulators and their spraying intervals were studied. The experiment was laid out in factorial design with six growth regulators and three spraying intervals as well as one absolute control making 19 treatment combinations. The results revealed that, CCC @ 600 ppm (G6), CCC @ 400 ppm (G5) and NAA @ 100 ppm (G2) resulted in significantly higher fruit yield (2.17, 2.14 and 2.13 kg/plant). The chemical and nutraceutical parameters of sweet pepper fruits were significantly improved by the application of plant growth regulators. The higher dose of plant growth retardant CCC @ 400 and 600 ppm resulted in higher TSS (5.50 and 5.44 Brix, respectively). However, NAA @ 100 and 150 ppm considerably increased the amount of Asocrbic acid (137.53 and 130.84 mg/100 g, respectively) and total dietary fibres (2.99 and 2.94 %, respectively) in sweet pepper fruits. The effect of growth regulators increased significantly with the spraying intervals. Compared to control (1.74 kg/plant), the fruit yield was significantly higher under the combinations of NAA @ 100 ppm sprayed at 4 intervals (2.42 kg/plant) CCC @ 600 ppm sprayed at 4 intervals (2.39 kg/plant) and the same interactions outperformed control with respect to TSS, ascorbic acid and dietary fibre components in sweet pepper.
THE NAIRU, INTEREST RATE AND FINANCE

This paper develops a wage-setting/price-setting macroeconomic model that incorporates the impact that financial and monetary factors are likely to have on the determination of the NAIRU (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment). The model pays particular attention to the way that the wage and price behaviour is modified when the role of the financial structure of consumption and investment expenditures is explicitly considered; based on this modification, it also addresses the influence of monetary policy stance and of banking sector's lending practices on the NAIRU. Further, the 'hysteresis' effects of finance arising from variations in private sector's outstanding debt are explored, in conjunction with the 'hysteresis' effects derived from changes in the size and composition of capital stock. The policy implications drawn from our analysis are briefly discussed with particular emphasis placed on the role that monetary policy is likely to play in the compatibility of the NAIRU with full employment.
Journal of Globalization and Development Do Poorer Countries Have Less Capacity for Redistribution ?

Development aid and policy discussions often assume that poorer countries have less internal capacity for redistribution in favor of their poorest citizens. The assumption is tested for 90 developing countries. Most countries fall into one of two groups: those with little or no realistic prospect of addressing extreme poverty through redistribution from the “rich” and those that would appear to have ample scope for such redistribution. Economic growth tends to move countries from the first group to the second. Thus the appropriate balance between growth and redistribution strategies can be seen to depend on the level of economic development.
Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in carrier cattle of Iran - first documented report

Background and Objectives: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic, tick borne rickettsial pathogen. A. phagocytophilum has been detected in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia by molecular methods. In Iran we have little information about the distribution of this agent in human and animals. Materials and Methods: From March 2007 to July 2007, one hundred and fifty blood samples and corresponding blood smears of cattle without any signs of disease were prepared from a region in Isfahan, Iran with previous history of tick borne disease outbreak.The blood smears were first stained with Giemsa and analyzed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum in the neutrophils. The extracted DNA from blood cells were analyzed by A. phagocytophilum specific nested PCR using primers derived from the 16S rRNA gene. Results: All blood smears were negative for A. phagocytophilum like structures by Giemsa staining, but 2 out of 150 blood samples (1.33%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum specific nested PCR using specific primers derived from 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion: This study is the first detection of A. phagocytophilum in carrier cattle in Iran. The present study showed that A. Phagocytophilum is detectable in cattle without any sign of infection but maintained a persistant sub-clinical state in the cattle reservoir, which can be inferred as possible risk for management of public health.
Quantifying Children ’ s Embodiment of Musical Rhythm in Individual and Group Settings

We empirically quantified the impact of social interaction on movements made by children while listening and responding to music. The methodology was based on wireless motion capturing, using Wii Nintendo Remote sensors, and subsequent statistical analysis. We investigated intensity of movement and the amount of synchronization with the beat in two conditions: individual, separated by screens, and social, moving together in groups of four encouraging social interaction. Data analysis showed that there is a social embodiment factor which can be measured and quantified. Furthermore there is also an effect found of the type of music on the gesture response, both in the individual and social context of the experiment.
Using empirical mode decomposition to process marine MT data

Magnetotellurics (MT) uses a frequency-dependent impedance tensor estimated from the spectra of associated time-varying horizontal electric and magnetic fields measured at the Earth's surface to image the sub-surface of the Earth. Most current methods use Fourier transform based procedures to estimate power spectral densities and, therefore, assume that the signals are stationary over the record length. Stationarity in geomagnetic data, however, is not always ensured given the variety of source mechanism causing the geomagnetic variations at different time and spatial scales. Additional complication and bias may arise from the presence of noise in the recorded electric and magnetic file data. Sophisticated MT data processing account for a potential bias through windowing of the time series as well as robust estimates of the impedance. We explore a new heuristic method for dealing with the non-stationarity of MT time series based on empirical mode decomposition. It is a dynamic time series analysis method, in which complicated data sets can be decomposed into a finite and small number of simple intrinsic mode functions. In this paper, we use the empirical mode decomposition method to decompose MT data into intrinsic mode functions and calculate the instantaneous frequencies and spectra to determine the impedance tensor. We investigate the reliability of the impedance estimates on synthetic data by comparing the results to those obtained by analytical methods. Finally, we apply our processing scheme to data measured from the Costa Rica subduction zone, and compare the results from our new method to the frequently-used BIRRP processing method.
Università degli Studi di Ferrara DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN " Biochimica , Biologia Molecolare e Biotecnologie

4 1.Introduction . 6 1.1 Cancer . 6 1.2 Breast Cancer . 7 1.2. 1 Breast Cancer development.9 1.3 Classification of Breast Cancer . 10 1.3. 1 Immunohistochemical classification of breast cancer . 10 1.3. 2 Molecular Classification of breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes . 11 1.3. 3 Luminal A and Luminal B Breast Cancers . 12 1.3. 4 HER2 + Enriched . 12 1.3. 5 Basal-like and Claudin-Low . 13 1.3. 6. Normal-like . 13 1.4. Estrogen and estrogen receptor . 14 1.5. Therapy for the different subtypes of breast cancer . 16 1.5. 1. ER-positive breast cancer: Endocrine Therapy . 17 1.5. 2. Anti EGFR therapy . 19 1.5. 3. Anti HER2 positive therapy . 19 1.6. Triple negative breast cancer : TNBC . 20 1.7. Breast cancer in men . 20 1.8. Classification of non-coding RNAs . 21 1.8.
Subsideband generation and modulational instability lasing in a fiber soliton laser

We experimentally observed two forms of subsideband generation in the soliton spectrum of a passively mode-locked fiber soliton ring laser. We found that the different forms of subsideband generation are related to the different strengths of the saturable absorption in the laser cavity. Analyzing featuring of the subsideband generations, we show that they are both modulational-instability lasings of the dispersive waves in the laser.
DNA & Water Memory: Comments on Montagnier Group’s Recent Findings

HIV Nobelist L. Montagnier's group has published two articles challenging the standard views about genetic code and providing strong support for the notion of water memory. Already the results of the first article suggested implicitly the existence of a new kind nano-scale representation of genetic code and the the recent article makes this claim explicitly. The TGD based model for the findings was based on the notion of magnetic body representing biologically relevant aspects of molecules in terms of cyclotron frequencies. The model involved also the realization of genetic code using electromagnetic field patterns and as dark nucleon strings and led to a proposal that the analogs of trancription and translation are realized for the dark variants of DNA, RNA, tRNa, and aminoacids represented in terms of dark nucleon strings. Also processes transcribing ordinary and dark variants of the biomolecules to each other were proposed. This would make possible R&D-like controlled evolution based on experimentation using dark representations of biomoleculesd defining kind of virtual world. The recent findings of Montagnier's group allow a more detailed formulation of the model and suggest a general mechanism for generalized transcription and translation processes based on the reconnection of magnetic flux tubes between the molecules in question. A new element is the proposed role of ordered water and hydrogen bonds in the formation of water memories. These representation would result from the dropping of the magnetic bodies of molecules as the hydrogen bonds connecting the molecule to water molecules of the ordered water layer around it-analogous to ice layer- are split during the mechanical agitation. A similar process occurs quite generally when external energy feed excites the resting state of cell and induces protein folding and its reversal and the formation of protein aggregates. Good metaphors for resting state and excited states are cellular winter and summer. The necessity of a repeated dilution and mechanical agitation could be understood if agitation provides metabolic energy for the replication of the magnetic bodies filling the diluted water volume and gives rise to a series of "environmental catastrophes" inducing evolutionary leaps increasing the typical value of Planck constant associated with the magnetic bodies until the energy E = hf of 7 Hz dark photons exceeds the thermal energy at room temperature.
AGING BEHAVIOR AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SQUEEZE CAST AL 6061/SIC METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

In this work, the production and properties of Al 6061/SiC composites, made using a squeeze casting method, were investigated. SiC preforms were manufactured by mixing SiC powder, having a 16 and 22 mu m particle size, with colloidal silica as a binder. 6061 Al melt was squeeze cast into the pores of the SiC preform to manufacture a DRA composite containing 30v/o reinforcement. The aging behavior, tensile properties and fracture mechanism of the cast material were studied. The results show that higher hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and Young's modulus can be obtained by the addition of SiC particles to 6061 Al alloy, whereas tensile elongation decreases. This is mainly caused by a thermal mismatch between the metal matrix and the reinforcement, which leads to a lower grain size of the matrix with more dislocation density. It was also found that the precipitation kinetics of GP zones in the composite material was accelerated, owing to the heterogeneous nucleation capability of metastable phases on the SiC particles. Decreasing the SiC particle size resulted in better mechanical properties and a faster aging response. Nevertheless, the decohesion of the interface between the metal matrix and SiC particles led to the formation of voids which, subsequently, coalesced to generate the ductile rupture of the metal matrix.
Biology of Hippodamia Variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on Aphis Fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) is a among natural enemy of bean aphid so far identified in the world. In this study, the du- ration of hatching, larval instars and pupal stages of H. variegata feeding on black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% relative humidity and 16:8 (light:darkness) hours photoperiod. The mean pre-ovipo- sition period of H. variegata was 6.20±0.13 days and the oviposition period was 43±0.21 days. The female beetles laid on an average 943.90±53.53 eggs and the hatching % was 82.86±3.12. The average incubation period was 3.35±0.11 days and the duration of total larval period from egg to adult was 16.5±0.13 days. The pre-pupal and pupal periods were 1.40±0.16 and 3.10±0.07 days, respectively. The mean longevity of the male and the female beetles were 50±3.2 and 55.5±3.37 days, respectively.