Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Assets-Claims on Assets Equivalence in the Axiomatic Method

The purpose of the study is to analyze the assets-claims on assets equivalence based on the dual concept of monetary units and the axiomatic method. The methodology is analytical, rationalistic and deductive; it uses axiomatic theory with set theory and predicate logic to test set equivalence. The axiomatic theory involves a set of axioms, which are used in combination with accounting axioms to develop a proof of the assets-claims on the assets considered as finite sets. The analysis uses a bijective function based on the dual concept of monetary units, and proof by contraposition to test the fulfillment of the requirement of a bijective function. Results show that assets cardinality is not equal to claims on assets cardinality when taking into account the dual concept of monetary units, and as a consequence assets and claims on assets are not equivalent.
Cyanobacteria produce arsenosugars

Environmental context Although arsenic is known to accumulate in both marine and freshwater ecosystems, the pathways by which arsenic is accumulated and transferred in freshwater systems are reasonably unknown. This study revealed that freshwater cyanobacteria have the ability to produce arsenosugars from inorganic arsenic compounds. The findings suggest that not only algae, but cyanobacteria, play an important role in the arsenic cycle of aquatic ecosystems. Abstract Metabolic processes of incorporated arsenate in axenic cultures of the freshwater cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Nostoc (Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 were examined. Analyses of arsenic compounds in cyanobacterial extracts using a high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system showed that both strains have an ability to biotransform arsenate into oxo-arsenosugar-glycerol within 20 min through (1) reduction of incorporated arsenate to arsenite and (2) methylation of produced arsenite to dimethylarsinic acid by methylarsonic acid as a possible intermediate product. In addition, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells are able to biosynthesise oxo-arsenosugar-phosphate from incorporated arsenate. These findings suggest that arsenosugar formation as well as arsenic methylation in cyanobacteria possibly play a significant role in the global arsenic cycle.
MindLab Neural Network Approach at BioASQ 6B

Biomedical Question Answering is concerned with the development of methods and systems that automatically find answers to natural language posed questions. In this work, we describe the system used in the BioASQ Challenge task 6b for document retrieval and snippet retrieval (with particular emphasis in this subtask). The proposed model makes use of semantic similarity patterns that are evaluated and measured by a convolutional neural network architecture. Subsequently, the snippet ranking performance is improved with a pseudo-relevance feedback approach in a later step. Based on the preliminary results, we reached the second position in snippet retrieval sub-task.
ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS OF INDIAN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE

Background: Except for a few studies, inadequate data exists on the association of hypovitaminosis D in children aged 6 months to 5 years with socioeconomic (household income, number of family members, and parents’ education level) and demographic factors. Looking at the magnitude of problem, the following study was conceptualized. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted on 80 children from 6 months to 5 years of age attending OPD in department of Pediatrics, JLN Medical College and were diagnosed of hypovitaminosis D. Vitamin D was estimated using commercially available kit by chemiluminiscence technique (CLIA). For categorisation of the population into rural or urban, criterion proposed by department of census (2011) Government of India was used. Assessment of SES was done by modified BG Prasad classification (2013). Results: A significantly higher percentage of hypovitaminosis was seen in female child as compared to the male child. The mean vitamin D levels were lower in children with uneducated or poorly educated mothers than in children with low and highly educated mothers. 60% belonged to class II & III socioeconomic status. Among the vitamin D deficient children 57% were from class II+ class III. The deficient and insufficient vitamin D status was found in lesser percentage of children belonging to class IV and V. No significant difference was seen in rural or urban children regarding vitamin D status. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in infants and children (less than 5 yrs of age) of upper socioeconomic strata in the Indian population, probably linked to lesser sunlight exposure. In view of this high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, judicious sun exposure should be encouraged by active outdoor lifestyle in school and home as well as promotion of dietary foods and supplements rich in vitamin D. Further larger studies are needed to evaluate the role of vitamin D supplements as well as the role of sunlight exposure in this group of children.
Range Shrinkage of Cognitive Ability Test Scores in Applicant Pools for German Governmental Jobs: Implications for Range Restriction Corrections

Range restriction corrections require the predictor standard deviation in the applicant pool of interest. Unfortunately, this information is frequently not available in applied contexts. The common strategy in this type of situations is to use national-norm standard deviation estimates. This study used data from 8,276 applicants applying to nine jobs in German governmental organizations to compare applicant pool standard deviations for two cognitive ability tests with national-norm standard deviation estimates, and standard deviations for the total group of governmental applicants. Results revealed that job- and organizational context-specific applicant pool standard deviations were on average about 10-12% smaller than estimates from national norms, and about 4-6% smaller than standard deviations for the total group of governmental applicants.
The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units

This article examines the impact of HR practices and organisational commitment on the operating performance and profitability of business units. Using a predictive design with a sample of 50 autonomous business units within the same corporation, the article reveals that both organisational commitment and HR practices are significantly related to operational measures of performance, as well as operating expenses and pre-tax profits.
Music for anxiety? Meta-analysis of anxiety reduction in non-clinical samples

The beneficial influence of listening to music on anxiety states has often been discussed. However, the empirical evidence and theoretical mechanisms underlying these effects remain controversial. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of music on anxiety in healthy individuals. A comprehensive search in the PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases produced 19 articles complying with the eligibility criteria. The main results of the study reveal an overall decrease in self-reported anxiety (d = −0.30, 95% CI [–0.55, –0.04]); however, the decrease was not significant for psychophysiological signals related to anxiety. Nevertheless, in several cases, listening to music greatly affects blood pressure, cortisol level and heart rate. The great heterogeneity of the studies and the lack of rigorous methodological standards, assessed with CONSORT guidelines, may have biased the results. Thus, listening to music should be cautiously considered as a part of more complex music-based psychological interventions for anxiety regulation. Nonetheless, as discussed in this article, the role of underlying processes (spontaneous memory recollections, mental imagery) must not be neglected. Further research perspectives are discussed.
ONE FOOT ON THE GROUND, ONE FOOT IN THE AIR Ethiopia's delivery on an ambitious development agenda

developmentprogress.org This and other Development Progress materials are available at developmentprogress.org Development Progress is an ODI project that aims to measure, understand and communicate where and how progress has been made in development. ODI is the UK’s leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. Further ODI materials are available at odi.org. uk Woman in Lalibela. Photo: © Henrik Berger Jorgensen. • Ethiopia has seen one of the largest declines in extreme poverty in the world – between 1995 and 2011, poverty fell from 63% to 37% – while maintaining a low level of income inequality.
A Comparison of the Direct Compression Characteristics of Andrographis paniculata, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, and Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts for Tablet Development

Tropical herb extracts, such as Andrographis paniculata, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Orthosiphon stamineus, which have enormous beneficial health effects need to be made available in a convenient and affordable tablet form. Information on the powder extract characteristics during compression is lacking and would be useful in investigations of powder deformability for optimizing operating conditions. The current market value of herbal products for traditional and complementary medicine is estimated to be between USD 40 to 100 billion with an average growth rate of 15 to 20% each year (Abdul Aziz et al., 2004). Andrographis paniculata (locally known as ‘hempedu bumi’ or ‘akar cerita’) has analgesic, anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-bacterial, febrifuge, anti-platelet, anti-diarrhoeal anti-thrombotic, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties (Ahmad and Asmawi, 1993). The roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack are traditionally used for curing fever, mouth ulcers, and intestinal worms, and as a general tonic after childbirth, and are believed to be effective for treating hypertension and malaria. Studies have shown that Eurycoma longifolia Jack possesses sexual enhancement and aphrodisiac properties (Sambandan et al., 2006). Orthosiphon stamineus, or ‘misai kucing’, has also been scientifically proven to have anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic properties, and has also been proven to be beneficial for urinary tract ailments, renal stones, arteriosclerosis, nephritis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatism, tonsillitis, and menstrual disorders (Jagarath and Ng, 2000). Currently, Orthosiphon stamineus is categorized as one of the herbs with a great potential for commercialization in Malaysia due to its easy cultivation and its validated health benefits, particularly in treating ailments associated with the kidney and urinary system (Jagarath and Ng, 2000). Most of the research conducted on these herbs so far has been limited to their chemical and medicinal properties. This work attempted to obtain scientific and engineering data to determine the technical feasibility and economic viability of producing solid oral dosage
Development of ready to drink calcium fortified shrimp soup in retortable pouches

The aim of the study was to develop ready to serve calcium fortified shrimp soup in retortable pouches. Shrimp soup was prepared from Indian white shrimp ( Fenneropenaeus indicus ) and thermal processed at 121, 115 and 110OC to an F0 value of 6. The calcium fortified soup was then compared with control samples. The effect of different process temperatures on quality was analysed. The samples processed at 110OC showed significantly higher (p≤0.05) cook value and 121.1 O C showed the least. All the pouches were found to be commercially sterile. The viscosity of soup was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in control packs compared to fortified soups. Significantly higher (p≤0.05) b* value was observed in fortified soup compared to control. Thermally processed calcium fortified shrimp soup was in acceptable condition during the storage period of 90 days at ambient temperature without any significant change in calcium content. Sensorily, the product processed at 121OC rated better compared to 115 and 110 O C.
Example sentence in Bengali script : Example sentence in Meitei Mayek script :

Manipuri is both a minority and morphologically rich language with genetic features similar to Tibeto Burman languages. It has Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, agglutinative verb morphology and is monosyllabic. Morphology and syntax are not clearly distinguished in this language. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a useful research field of computer science that deals with processing of a large amount of natural language corpus. The NLP applications encompass E-Dictionary, Morphological Analyzer, Reduplicated Multi-Word Expression (RMWE), Named Entity Recognition (NER), Part of Speech (POS) Tagging, Machine Translation (MT), Word Net, Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) etc. In this paper, we present a study on the advancements in NLP applications for Manipuri language, at the same time presenting a comparison table of the approaches and techniques adopted and the results obtained of each of the applications followed by a detail discussion of each work.
Inheritance in OCD in Moslems

There is increasing evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is mediated by genetic factors. Although the precise mechanism of inheritance is unclear, recent evidence has pointed towards the involvement of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the disorder's development. Objectives: To examine the clinical profile of symptoms in obsessive compulsive patients and their first and second degree relatives. Subjects and Methods: This study was designed in the Institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals. After signing an informed consent form, all the subjects 23 patients and 19 relatives were diagnosed according to DSM-IV and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID I) and General Health Questionaire for psychiatric morbidity. Severity of OCD symptoms was assessed using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Symptom analysis was done on four symptom factor levels and presenting symptoms. Results: Showed 15 OCD patients had positive family history of psychiatric illness. 19 of their relatives showed 11 had OCD, 6 had psychosis and 3 had depression. The most prevalent symptom in OCD patients and their relatives was washing compulsions and religious obsessions. Conclusion: Genetic factors account for most of OCD symptoms in patients diagnosed with the disorder. Environmental factors also play a role in how these symptoms are expressed by observational learning.
Using Survey Data to Determine a Numeric Criterion for Nutrient Pollution

We present a scientific replication of a benthic algae nuisance threshold study originally conducted in Montana, but we do so using a different sampling methodology in a different state. Respondents are asked to rate eight photographs that depict varying algae conditions. Our initial results show that Utah resident preferences for benthic algae levels are quite similar to those of Montana residents, thus replicating the Montana study. For the full Utah sample, though, Cronbach's α indicated poor internal consistency in rating the photographs, so a “monotonicity rule” was used to identify respondents providing monotonic preferences with respect to chlorophyll a densities. Simple graphical analyses are combined with ordered probit analysis to determine the maximum desirable density of chlorophyll a (Chl a). Our analysis indicates that Chl a levels in excess of 150 mg Chl a/m2 are undesirable, but the regression model suggests that those with strictly monotonic preferences were far more likely favor a more stringent standard.
Historical biogeography and diversification within the Neotropical parrot genus Pionopsitta (Aves: Psittacidae)

Aim We investigate spatial and temporal patterns of diversification within the Neotropical avifauna using the phylogenetic history of parrots traditionally belonging to the genus Pionopsitta Bonaparte 1854. This genus has long been of interest for those studying Neotropical biogeography and diversity, as it encompasses species that occur in most Neotropical forest areas of endemism.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION AND MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY IN COSTA RICA

The first relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale and the horizontal component of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) was developed for the Costa Rican region using regression analysis of 108 earthquakes (2.8 < Mw < 7.7) that occurred between 1983 and 2004. For each PGA instrumentally recorded, a single MMI value was assigned based on the geographic proximity to the PGA observation. A total of 330 values of both the largest PGA of the two horizontal components (PGAmax) and the average of the two horizontal components (PGAave) were associated to MMI values. The correlations obtained are: MMI=2.30log(PGAmax)+0.92 and MMI=2.33log(PGAave)+0.76 for MMI II-V and MMI=3.82log(PGAmax)-1.78 and MMI=4.60log(PGAave)-3.38 for MMI V-VII. Predicted PGA intervals for each intensity unit were proposed based on these equations. There is a fairly remarkable agreement between the PGAmax vs. MMI found in this study and the correlation calculated by Wald et al. (1999a) for California. Keywords: Modified
Phytoremediation Potential of Populus Alba and Morus alba for Cadmium, Chromuim and Nickel Absorption from Polluted Soil

Metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems resulting from human activity. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to uptake contaminants and can potentially be used to remediate metal-contaminated sites. The present study investigates heavy metal uptake (Cd, Cr, and Ni) from soil by different organs of Populus alba and Morus alba. For this purpose, Cd (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg), Cr (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) and Ni (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) were added to the soil in pot experiments over the course of a growing season in open air. The total concentration of these metals was measured in the roots, stems, green leaves, fallen leaves, and the corresponding soil. Our results show that the highest accumulation of all studied metals was found in the leaves. Furthermore, the fallen leaves had higher concentrations of Cd and Cr in P. alba and Cr and Ni in M. alba when compared to the green leaves. In the two species, Cd and Ni did not transport from the leaves to the roots and stems, or vice versa, in the fall season, but Cr was transported from the roots and stems to the leaves in the 240 and 480 mg/kg treatments.In addition, the determination of a bioconcentration factor and a translocation factor showed that P. alba and M. alba were suitable for phytoextraction of Cd and Ni in all treatments respectively; however, none of the plants was suitable for phytostabilization.
Estimation and Inference in Fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Model with Discrete-Sampled Data∗

This paper proposes a two-stage method for estimating parameters in the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model based on discrete-sampled observations. In the first stage, two “diffusion” parameters (i.e. the Hurst parameter and the volatility parameter) are estimated based on the second order differences obtained at two different time scales. Their asymptotic theory is established under an in-fill asymptotic scheme. In the second stage, the two drift parameters are estimated based on the ergodic theorem. Their asymptotic theory is established under a double asymptotic scheme. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed estimators perform well. Two empirical studies are carried out. The first empirical study, based on the daily VIX data over 2004-2017, shows that VIX is rough. The Hurst parameter is slightly but statistically significantly less than one half. It also shows that the persistence parameter is much larger than one divided by the time span, suggesting that a commonly adopted assumption in the literature can be too strong. The second empirical study, based on the daily realized volatility of S&P 500, DJIA and Nasdaq over 2011-2017, shows that the Hurst parameter is much less than one half and the persistence parameter is significantly larger than one divided by the time span. JEL Classification: C15, C22, C32.
Evaluating the relative importance of patch quality and connectivity in a damselfly metapopulation from a one-season survey

The area-and-isolation paradigm, which has been the primary focus of metapopulation research, may not hold in some animal metapopulations if within-patch preference is more important than patch area or connectivity. Recently, regression analyses have been used to evaluate the effect of patch connectivity and various patch qualities including area. However, their relative importance is not easy to determine, because patch qualities and connectivity are often spatially autocorrelated. In this paper, we try to evaluate the relative importance of within-patch quality, patch connectivity and spatial autocorrelation using variation partitioning methods from community ecology. We constructed three regression models: within-patch quality, PCNM (principal coordinates of neighbor matrices) and patch connectivity based on a one-season survey of a damselfly Copera annulata metapopulation. The contribution of within-patch quality was larger than that of connectivity. There was no prominent effect of patch area. We conclude that the area-and-isolation paradigm is not applicable to this C. annulata metapopulation. The spatial autocorrelation extracted by PCNM had the largest contribution; it contained almost all of the variation of connectivity and overlapped with variation explained by within-patch quality. Connectivity corresponded most closely to medium-scale spatial structure captured by PCNM (ca 640 m). The mean effective dispersal scale was estimated to be 53 m. Within-patch quality, debris accumulation and vegetation cover in the pond corresponded with the medium and small (ca 201 m) spatial scales from PCNM, though we could not clearly explain the cause of this correspondence. We believe that our method will contribute to quick and effective evaluation of spatial and non-spatial aspects of metapopulation.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amazon Rainfall

Abstract The spatial and temporal pattern of annual rainfall and the strength of the dry season within the Amazon region are poorly known. Existing rainfall maps are based on the data from full-scale, long-term meteorological stations, operated by national organizations linked to the World Meteorological Organisation, such as INMET in Brazil. Stations with 30 or more years of uninterrupted and reliable recordings are very few, considering the size of the region, and most of them are located along the major rivers. It has been suggested that rainfall conditions away from these rivers are substantially different. An analysis has been made of the records of a network of simple pluviometric sites in the Brazilian part of the region as maintained by the National Agency for Electric Energy (ANEEL) since 1970. The latter data sets were used to draw more detailed maps on annual rainfall, and on the strength of the dry season in particular; average number of consecutive months with less than 100 mm, 50 mm, and 10 mm, respectively. Also, some data were obtained on the spatial expression of El Niño events within the region. Sub-regional differences are large, and it is argued that they are important for the success or failure of agricultural settlements; for the hazard of large-scale fire damage of the still existing primary forest vegetation; for the functioning of this land cover as stock and sink of CO2, and for the likelihood that secondary forests on abandoned agricultural lands will have less biomass. The effects of past El Niño rainfall anomalies on the biodiversity of the natural savannahs within the forest region are discussed.