Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Stress-Based De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Annotation of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.): An Important Industrial and Forage Crop

The forage crop Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. ) has the ability to endure heat, drought, and mild salinity. A complete image on its genic architecture will promote our understanding about gene expression networks and different tolerance mechanisms at the molecular level. Therefore, whole mRNA sequence approach on the Guar plant was conducted to provide a snapshot of the mRNA information in the cell under salinity, heat, and drought stresses to be integrated with previous transcriptomic studies. RNA-Seq technology was employed to perform a 2 × 100 paired-end sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform for the transcriptome of leaves of C. tetragonoloba under normal, heat, drought, and salinity conditions. Trinity was used to achieve a de novo assembly followed by gene annotation, functional classification, metabolic pathway analysis, and identification of SSR markers. A total of 218.2 million paired-end raw reads (~44 Gbp) were generated. Of those, 193.5M paired-end reads of high quality were used to reconstruct a total of 161,058 transcripts (~266 Mbp) with N50 of 2552 bp and 61,508 putative genes. There were 6463 proteins having >90% full-length coverage against the Swiss-Prot database and 94% complete orthologs against Embryophyta. Approximately, 62.87% of transcripts were blasted, 50.46% mapped, and 43.50% annotated. A total of 4715 InterProScan families, 3441 domains, 74 repeats, and 490 sites were detected. Biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components comprised 64.12%, 25.42%, and 10.4%, respectively. The transcriptome was associated with 985 enzymes and 156 KEGG pathways. A total of 27,066 SSRs were gained with an average frequency of one SSR/9.825 kb in the assembled transcripts. This resulting data will be helpful for the advanced analysis of Guar to multi-stress tolerance.
ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE OF SPIDERS ANDTHEIR WEBS

Abstract To determine the reflectance of spider webs and spiders under ultraviolet (UV) light, spiders and their webs were photographed under normal (white) light and under UV light. It was found that all silk in araneoid webs reflect slightly more UV light than white light; i.e., they had a positive UV-brightness. However, the often cited, particularly high UV-brightness of stabilimenta could not be confirmed. Spiders differed in their UV-brightness, with most spiders reflecting less UV light than white light. Based on the knowledge of the visual system of insects and invertebrates it is suggested that the main function of stabilimenta is predator defense. However, drawing a final conclusion requires more knowledge on the way potential predators and prey perceive spiders, spider webs and stabilimenta.
Modelling runoff from a Himalayan debris-covered glacier

Although the processes by which glacial debris mantles alter the melting of glacier ice have been well studied, the mass balance and runoff patterns of Himalayan debris-covered glaciers and the response of these factors to climate change are not well understood. Many previous studies have addressed mechanisms of ice melt under debris mantles by applying multiplicative parameters derived from field experiments, and other studies have calculated the details of heat conduction through the debris layer. However, those approaches cannot be applied at catchment scale because distributions of thickness and thermal property of debris are heterogeneous and difficult to measure. Here, we established a runoff model for a Himalayan debris-covered glacier in which the spatial distribution of the thermal properties of the debris mantle is estimated from remotely sensed multi-temporal data. We applied the model to the Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake–Trambau Glacier basin in the Nepal Himalaya, using hydro-meteorological observations obtained for a 3.5-year period (1993–1996). We calculated long-term averages of runoff components for the period 1980–2007 using gridded reanalysis datasets. Our calculations suggest that excess meltwater, which implies the additional water runoff compared with the ice-free terrain, from the debris-covered area contributes significantly to the total runoff, mainly because of its location at a lower elevation. Uncertainties in runoff simulation due to estimations of the thermal properties and albedo of the debris-covered surface were assessed to be approximately 8% of the runoff from the debris-covered area. We evaluated the sensitivities of runoff components to changes in air temperature and precipitation. As expected, warmer air temperatures increase the total runoff by increasing the melting rate; however, increased precipitation slightly reduces the total runoff, as ice melting is suppressed by the increased snow cover and associated high albedo. The response of total runoff to changing precipitation is complex because of the different responses of individual components (glacier, debris, and ice-free terrain) to precipitation.
Diagnostic values of bronchodilator response versus 9-question questionnaire for asthma.

INTRODUCTION Several studies have investigated different tools for asthma diagnosis in order to reduce the cost and improve its early recognition. The goal of this study is to establish ashort questionnaire to be used in practice for asthma screening and compare diagnostic values between this method and spirometric response to bronchodilators. MATERIAL AND METHOD 208 patients presenting with chronic stable dyspnea (> 6 months) and definite clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis or asthma, were enrolled. 9 questions out of 43 based on the literature search were selected by regression analysis. Patients were asked to complete the questionnaire and then their spirometric responses to bronchodilators were evaluated. RESULTS Of all, 53.8% of cases were diagnosed clinically to have asthma. For establishing diagnosis of asthma, the bronchodilator test had 48.2% sensitivity, 78.1% specificity, 72% positive, 56.4% negative predictive values, 2.2 positive, 0.66 negative likeli-hood ratios, and false positive, false negative and accuracy of 21.9%, 51.8% and 62.01%, respectively. The revised 9 questions from the questionnaire had 97.3% sensitivity, 77.1% specificity, 83.2% positive, 96.1% negative predictive values, 4.24 positive, 0.03 negative likelihood ratios, 22.9% false positive, 2.7% false negative and 87.98% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The 9-question questionnaire had better diagnostic values in defining asthma in patients with chronic dyspnea than reversibility of airway obstruction to salbutamol and can be used as auseful screening test for diagnosis of asthma in clinical practice and for investigational purposes.
Allocation tradeoffs and life histories: a conceptual and graphical framework

Tradeoffs – negative reciprocal causal relationships in net benefits between trait magnitudes – have not always been studied in depth appropriate to their central role in life-history analysis. Here we focus on allocation tradeoffs, in which acquisition of a limiting resource requires allocation of resource to alternative traits. We identify the components of this allocation process and emphasize the importance of quantifying them. We then propose categorizing allocation tradeoffs into linear, concave and convex relationships based on the way that resource allocation yields trait magnitudes under the tradeoff. Linear relationships are over-represented in the literature because of typically small data sets over restricted ranges of trait magnitudes, an emphasis on simple correlation analysis, and a failure to remove variation associated with acquisition of the limiting resource in characterizing the tradeoff. (We provide methods for controlling these acquisition effects.) Non-linear relationships have been documented and are expected under plausible conditions that we summarize. We note ways that shifting environments and biological features yield plasticity of tradeoff graphs. Finally, we illustrate these points using case studies and close with priorities for future work.
Silicon Nanotubes as Potential Therapeutic Platforms

Silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with unique well-defined structural morphologies have been successfully fabricated and recognized as a novel architecture in the nanoscale Si family. While the typical dendritic microstructure of mesoporous silicon prepared anodically has been exploited previously for therapeutics and biosensing, our status of utilizing SiNTs in this regard is still in its infancy. In this review, we focus on the fundamental properties of such nanotubes relevant to therapeutic applications, beginning with a description of our ability to sensitively tune the structure of a given SiNT through synthetic control and the associated detailed in vitro dissolution behavior (reflecting biodegradability). Emphasis is also placed here on the range of functional moieties available to attach to the surface of SiNTs through a summary of current studies involving surface functionalization and strategies that facilitate conjugation with molecules of interest for multiple purposes, including cell labeling, nucleotide attachment, and scaffolding of therapeutic metallic nanoparticles. Experiments addressing our ability to load the interior of a given nanotube with species capable of providing magnetic field-assisted drug delivery are also briefly described. Given the range of diverse properties demonstrated to date, we believe the future to be quite promising for employing SiNTs as therapeutic platforms.
Small RNA Species and microRNA Profiles are Altered in Severe Asthma Nanovesicles from Broncho Alveolar Lavage and Associate with Impaired Lung Function and Inflammation

MicroRNAs are known to regulate important pathways in asthma pathology including the IL-6 and IFN pathways. MicroRNAs have been found not only within cells but also within extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. In this study, we particularly focused on microRNA cargo of nanovesicles in bronchoalveolar lavage of severe asthmatic patients. We extracted nanovesicle RNA using a serial filtration method. RNA content was analyzed with small RNA sequencing and mapped to pathways affected using WebGestalt 2017 Software. We report that severe asthma patients have deficient loading of microRNAs into their airway luminal nanovesicles and an altered profile of small RNA nanovesicle content (i.e., ribosomal RNA and broken transcripts, etc.). This decrease in microRNA cargo is predicted to increase the expression of genes by promoting inflammation and remodeling. Consistently, a network of microRNAs was associated with decreased FEV1 and increased eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma. MicroRNAs in airway nanovesicles may, thus, be valid biomarkers to define abnormal biological disease processes in severe asthma and monitor the impact of interventional therapies.
Evaluation of culturable, nitrifying, ammonium-oxidizing, and metabolically active bacteria in shrimp farm effluents of Kino Bay, Sonora, México

Bacteria from shrimp farm effluents in Kino Bay, Sonora, Mexico were evaluated during the 2008 production cycle. The culturable bacterial populations considered were viable heterotrophic bacteria (VHB) and Vibrio-like bacteria (VLB). In addition, total bacteria (TB), metabolically active bacteria (MAB), nitrifying bacteria (NB), and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were quantified by epifluorescence microscopy. Three sampling sites were established in the influence area of drain and one control site far from the discharge area. Average concentrations of VHB and VLB were 103 and 102 CFU mL-1, respectively. The TB ranged from 107 to 109 cells mL-1. The mean values of Mrelated to TB counts in the affected area were higher throughout the culture cycle compared to the control site, ranging from 1.09 to 27.35%. These results indicate that effluents modify the natural loads of bacteria in the discharge area, which could affect natural populations and the microbial balance of the area.
Effect of Planting Depth, Bulb Size and Their Interactions on Growth and Flowering of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)

2 Abstract: Planting depth and bulb size are the most effective of parameters affecting growth and flowering in bulbous plants. So, for study of planting depth and bulb size on yield and flowering quality in tuberose, effect of three bulb sizes, including 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 cm in diameter and planting depths: 4, 6 and 10 cm, on vegetative and flowering characteristics evaluated under greenhouse condition. The experiments were carried out as a factorial plot in a complete randomized block design with four replications. All the data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using of SAS software and the means separated using the Duncan's Multiple Rang Test. In study of interaction of planting depth and bulb size, difference between treatments was not significant in parameters of days to emergence of spike, length of flower spike; total number of nodes per spike and length of inflorescence but differences in other characteristics were significant. Bulb size had any influence on time of emergence of flower spike, diameter and length of spike, as well as germination percentage of bulbs, but influenced on other characteristics. Results revealed that smaller bulbs, Due to failure in physiological maturity, produced any flowers. Larger bulbs had the better quality in flowering, as well as because of more active metabolically processes such as carbohydrates breakdown latter germinated but developed earlier, So for increasing of yield and producing of desirable flowers with more value economically, the best of bulb size is advised 3.5 cm in diameter and planting depth of 6 cm for cultivation of tuberose flowers.
Design, implementation and experimental results of a wireless charger for E-bikes

Based on the Inductive Power Transfer (IPT), the wireless energy transmission is increasingly representing an attractive solution for vehicle battery charging. Due to its high smartness, the wireless solution may be considered an interesting battery charging method for electric bicycles, as they represent light-weight and flexible means of transportation. According to the Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) concept, the wireless power flow can occur in both the alternative directions: from the grid to the battery or in the opposite way. A Bi-Directional Inductive Power Transfer (BDIPT) system is therefore particularly convenient in the scenario of a multi-parking area. For the E-bike application, a bicycle-to-grid or a bicycle-to-bicycle energy transfer is a viable solution by means of BDIPT. In this paper, a 100W prototype of wireless battery charger for E-bikes is proposed and described.
Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Transgenic Tg 2576 Mice Models of Alzheimer Disease Assessed Using F-18-FDG PET Imaging Permalink

Objective: Imaging animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) is useful for the development of therapeutic drugs and understanding AD. Transgenic Swedish hAPPswe Tg2576 mice are a good model of b-amyloid plaques. We report F-fluoro-2deoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of brain and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in transgenic mice 2576 (Tg2576) and wild-type (WT) mice. Methods: Transgenic Tg2576 mice and WT mice, >18 months were injected intraperitonally with 25 to 30 MBq F-FDG while awake. After 60 minutes, they were anesthetized with isoflurane (2.5%) and imaged with Inveon MicroPET. Select mice were killed, imaged ex vivo, and 20 mm sections cut for autoradiography. F-FDG uptake in brain and IBAT PET and brain autoradiographs were analyzed. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels averaged 120 mg/dL for WT and 100 mg/dL for Tg2576. Compared to WT, Tg2576 mice exhibited a decrease in SUVglc in the various brain regions. Average reductions in the cerebrum regions were as high as 20%, while changes in cerebellum were 3%. Uptake of F-FDG in IBAT decreased by 60% in Tg2576 mice and was found to be significant. Intrascapular brown adipose tissue findings in Tg2576 mice are new and not previously reported. Use of blood glucose for PET data analysis and corpus callosum as reference region for autoradiographic analysis were important to detect change in Tg2576 mice. Conclusion: Our results suggest that F-FDG uptake in the Tg2576 mice brain show F-FDG deficits only when blood glucose is taken into consideration.
Study of laser-induced forward transfer dynamics of a conductive silver ink

A study of laser-induced forward transfer technique using a low viscosity silver nanoparticle ink is performed. Images of the process were obtained with sub-microsecond resolution that reveal different transfer dynamics depending on the fluence employed. After the laser pulse interacts with the source material, an ink jet that advances at constant speed that depends on the fluence is observed. Further analysis of the printed droplets with an optical microscope shows an optimal fluence range for which semi-spherical droplets are obtained.
The theoretical advantage of JIT purchasing is probably overstated

The literature on the use of just-in-time (JIT) and the economic order quantity (EOQ) purchasing has increasingly favored JIT in recent years, especially when firms are purchasing to meet high and consistent levels of demand and the JIT operation can take advantage of inventory physical plant space reduction. This paper suggests that the theoretical advantages of JIT purchasing may have been overstated. By expanding the classical EOQ model, this paper shows that it is possible for the EOQ approach to be more cost effective than the JIT purchasing approach even if the JIT approach can experience inventory physical plant space reduction. The survey and case study conducted in the ready-mixed concrete industry in Singapore supports this proposition.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DICHLOROMETHANE: METHANOLIC LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS OF PAPPEA CAPENSIS

Oxidative stress is a metabolic disorder characterised by overproduction of the highly reactive free radicals that damage body tissues. Such radicals include the unstable and destructive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species among other free radicals. A reduction in the immunological antioxidant defences of the body coupled to a declining tissue antioxidant status is the main causes of oxidative stress. Too much free radical in the tissues ultimately triggers the onset of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes. The current tremendous rise in cases of diabetes mellitus and lack of its effective management strategies has made it necessary to search for antioxidant plant products that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Plant extracts are also known to be more affordable especially in the regions harbouring high populations of the plant in question and because of the fact that they are mostly used in their crude aqueous form. Many studies have been carried out on plants said to possess bioactive components and a good number of herbal products have been reported as possessing antioxidant properties. The current project was designed to evaluate the reducing potential of DCM: Methanolic stem bark and leaf extracts of P. capensis. The parameters used to assess the reducing potential of the two extracts are; 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, the total reducing power and phenolics and flavonoids content. The reducing power tests carried out showed that the stem bark extract of P. capensis had statistically significant World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 9, 195-211. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 13 June 2019, Revised on 03 July 2019, Accepted on 23 July 2019, DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20199-15440 *Corresponding Author
Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – II. Spin and concentration parameters for dark matter haloes during the epoch of reionization

We use high resolution N-Body simulations to study the concentration and spin parameters of dark matter haloes in the mass range $10^8\, {\rm M}_{\odot}\, h^{-1} < {\rm M} < 10^{11}\, {\rm M}_{\odot}\, h^{-1}$ and redshifts $5{ }5$ concentration$-$mass ($c(M)$) relation that is almost flat and well described by a simple power-law for both NFW and Einasto fits. The intrinsic scatter around the mean relation is $\Delta c_{\rm{vir}}{\sim1}$ (or 20 per cent) at $z=5$. We also find that the analytic model proposed by Ludlow et al. reproduces the mass and redshift-dependence of halo concentrations. Our best-fit Einasto shape parameter, $\alpha$, depends on peak height, $\nu$, in a manner that is accurately described by $\alpha {=}0.0070\nu^2{+}0.1839$. The distribution of the spin parameter, $\lambda$, has a weak dependence on equilibrium state; $\lambda$ peaks at roughly ${\sim}0.033$ for our relaxed sample, and at ${\sim}0.04$ for the full population. The spin--virial mass relation has a mild negative correlation at high redshift.
Insights into the perception that research ethics committees are a barrier to research with seriously ill children: A study of committee minutes and correspondence with researchers studying seriously ill children

Background: Research ethics committees are commonly perceived as a ‘barrier’ to research involving seriously ill children. Researchers studying seriously ill children often feel that committees view their applications more harshly compared to applications for research with other populations. Whether or not this is the case in practice is unknown. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore committees’ concerns, expectations and decisions for research applications involving seriously ill children submitted for review in the United Kingdom. Design: Content analysis of committee meeting minutes, decision letters and researcher response letters. Setting/participants: Chief investigators for National Institute of Health Research portfolio studies involving seriously ill children were contacted for permission to review their study documents. Results: Of the 77 applications included in this study, 57 received requests for revisions at first review. Committee expectations and concerns commonly related to participant information sheets, methodology, consent, recruitment or formatting. Changes were made to 53 of these studies, all of which were subsequently approved. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that committees review applications for research involving seriously ill children with the same scrutiny as applications for research with other populations. Yet, the perception that committees act as a barrier to this type of research persists. We suggest that this perception remains due to other factors including, but not limited to, the high levels of formatting or administrative revisions requested by committees or additional study requirements needed for research involving children, such as multiple versions of consent forms or participant information sheets.