Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Powerful H2 Line Cooling in Stephan’s Quintet. II. Group-wide Gas and Shock Modeling of the Warm H2 and a Comparison with [C ii] 157.7 μm Emission and Kinematics

We map for the first time the two-dimensional H2 excitation of warm intergalactic gas in Stephan's Quintet on group-wide (50 × 35 kpc2) scales to quantify the temperature, mass, and warm H2 mass fraction as a function of position using Spitzer. Molecular gas temperatures are seen to rise (to T > 700 K) and the slope of the power-law density–temperature relation flattens along the main ridge of the filament, defining the region of maximum heating. We also performed MHD modeling of the excitation properties of the warm gas, to map the velocity structure and energy deposition rate of slow and fast molecular shocks. Slow magnetic shocks were required to explain the power radiated from the lowest-lying rotational states of H2, and strongly support the idea that energy cascades down to small scales and low velocities from the fast collision of NGC 7318b with group-wide gas. The highest levels of heating of the warm H2 are strongly correlated with the large-scale stirring of the medium as measured by [C ii] spectroscopy with Herschel. H2 is also seen associated with a separate bridge that extends toward the Seyfert nucleus in NGC 7319, from both Spitzer and CARMA CO observations. This opens up the possibility that both galaxy collisions and outflows from active galactic nuclei can turbulently heat gas on large scales in compact groups. The observations provide a laboratory for studying the effects of turbulent energy dissipation on group-wide scales, which may provide clues about the heating and cooling of gas at high z in early galaxy and protogalaxy formation.
Bluetooth Clock Recovery and Hop Sequence Synchronization Using Software Defined Radios

Bluetooth communication is based on frequency hopping spread-spectrum and time division duplexing. Bluetooth devices must be properly synchronized so that they can hop together; the synchronization is done by using the same channel set as well as the same hopping sequence within that channel set along with the time synchronization. Frequency hopping sequences are derived from Bluetooth device addresses and clock values. During the inquiry procedure as well as in the page procedure, frequency hop synchronization (FHS) packets are exchanged which contain the device addresses and clock values for the derivation of the frequency hop sequences. This paper presents the different possibilities to intercept and demodulate the frequency hop synchronization packets exchanged during the inquiry or the page procedure. It also presents a complete SDR prototype solution to get the master's device address and its clock value, just listing for a short time on a fixed RF frequency out of the 79 Bluetooth channels, without capturing the FHS packet. The prototype system is build and interfaced with an Ettus's USRP mother board and RFX2400 daughter board using the GNU radio framework.
Preferential Production and Transport of Grass-Derived Pyrogenic Carbon in NE-Australian Savanna Ecosystems

Understanding the main factors driving fire regimes in grasslands and savannas is critical to better manage their biodiversity and functions. Moreover, improving our knowledge on pyrogenic carbon (PyC) dynamics, including formation, transport and deposition, is fundamental to better understand a significant slow-cycling component of the global carbon cycle, particularly as these ecosystems account for a substantial proportion of the area globally burnt. However, a thorough assessment of past fire regimes in grass-dominated ecosystems is problematic due to challenges in interpreting the charcoal record of sediments. It is therefore critical to adopt appropriate sampling and analytical methods to allow the acquisition of reliable data and information on savanna fire dynamics. This study uses hydrogen pyrolysis (HyPy) to quantify PyC abundance and stable isotope composition (δ13C) in recent sediments across 38 micro-catchments covering a wide range of mixed C3/C4 vegetation in north Queensland, Australia. We exploited the contrasting δ13C values of grasses (i.e., C4; δ13C > −15‰) and woody vegetation (i.e., C3; δ13C < −24‰) to assess the preferential production and transport of grass-derived PyC in savanna ecosystems. Analyses were conducted on bulk and size-fractionated samples to determine the fractions into which PyC preferentially accumulates. Our data show that the δ13C value of PyC in the sediments is decoupled from the δ13C value of total organic carbon, which suggests that a significant component of PyC may be derived from incomplete grass combustion, even when the proportion of C4 grass biomass in the catchment was relatively small. Furthermore, we conducted 16 experimental burns that indicate that there is a comminution of PyC produced in-situ to smaller particles, which facilitates the transport of this material, potentially affecting its preservation potential. Savanna fires preferentially burn the grass understory rather than large trees, leading to a bias toward the finer C4-derived PyC in the sedimentary record. This in turn, provides further evidence for the preferential production and transport of C4-derived PyC in mixed ecosystems where grass and woody vegetation coexist. Moreover, our isotopic approach provides independent validation of findings derived from conventional charcoal counting techniques concerning the appropriateness of adopting a relatively small particle size threshold (i.e., ~50 μm) to reconstruct savanna fire regimes using sedimentary records. This work allows for a more nuanced understanding of the savanna isotope disequilibrium effect, which has significant implications for global 13C isotopic disequilibria calculations and for the interpretation of δ13C values of PyC preserved in sedimentary records.
Main and Moderating Influence of Temperament Traits on the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Trauma Symptoms

Trauma symptoms are common among survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), although not all women who experience IPV develop trauma symptoms. One of the factors that may influence whether women develop trauma symptoms upon exposure to IPV is temperament. In this study, we examined the main and moderating effects of temperament traits (constraint, negative emotionality, and positive emotionality) on the association between IPV and trauma symptoms in a sample of young adult women (N = 654) using a Bayesian approach to multiple linear regression to address significant non-normality in the data. Our results indicated that each temperament trait incrementally predicted trauma symptoms over and above the effects of IPV and other negative life events. Results further indicated that both negative emotionality and constraint moderated the influence of IPV on trauma symptoms such that IPV was positively associated with trauma symptoms at high levels of these traits but not at low levels. However, these effects differed depending on the type of violence experienced (physical, sexual, or psychological). These results extend previous research on the influence of temperament traits to the context of IPV; this underscores the importance of incorporating temperament in the study of IPV, as well as in the study of traumatic stress more generally.
A Karyophilic Protein Forms a Stable Complex with Cytoplasmic Components Prior to Nuclear Pore Binding (*)

Targeting of karyophilic proteins to nuclear pores is known to require several cytoplasmic factors, including the nuclear location signal-binding protein. Using a digitonin-permeabilized cell-free transport assay, we have obtained a cytoplasmic fraction containing factors that specifically bind to karyophilic protein and support the nuclear binding step of the transport. Components in this fraction form a stable complex with the karyophile through interaction with nuclear location signal. Since this complex shows nuclear pore binding activity prior to nuclear entry in the absence of other cytosolic factors, we call it nuclear pore-targeting complex. It consists of karyophilic protein and four proteins of 54, 56, 66, and 90 kDa. In our reconstitution experiments, a complex with 54 and 90 kDa proteins is capable of targeting karyophiles to the nuclear pores.
Identification of Expected Outcomes in a Data Error Mixing Model With Multiplicative Mean Independence

We consider the problem of identifying a mean outcome in corrupt sampling where the observed outcome is drawn from a mixture of the distribution of interest and another distribution. Relaxing the contaminated sampling assumption that the outcome is statistically independent of the mixing process, we assess the identifying power of an assumption that the conditional means of the distributions differ by a factor of proportionality. For binary outcomes, we consider the special case that all draws from the alternative distribution are erroneous. We illustrate how these models can inform researchers about illicit drug use in the presence of reporting errors.
Escherichia coli endoribonuclease RNase E: autoregulation of expression and site‐specific cleavage of mRNA

Mutations in the Escherichia coli rne (ams) gene have a general effect on the rate of mRNA decay in vivo. Using antibodies we have shown that the product of the rne gene is a polypeptide of relative mobility 180kDa. However, proteolytic fragments as small as 70kDa, which can arise during purification, also exhibit RNase E activity, in vitro studies demonstrate that the rne gene product, RNase E, is an endoribonuclease that cleaves mRNA at specific sites. RNase E cleaves rne mRNA and autoregulates the expression of the rne gene. In addition we demonstrate RNase E‐dependent endonucleolytic cleavage of ompA mRNA, at a site known to be rate‐determining for degradation and reported to be cieaved by RNase K. Our data are consistent with RNase K being a proteolytic fragment of RNase E.
A Case of 3q29 Microdeletion Syndrome Involving Oral Cleft Inherited from a Nonaffected Mosaic Parent: Molecular Analysis and Ethical Implications

Objective The objective of this study was to use array comparative genomic hybridization to detect causal microdeletions in samples of subjects with cleft lip and palate. Subjects We analyzed DNA samples from a male patient and his parents seen during surgical screening for an Operation Smile medical mission in the Philippines. Method We used Affymetrix® Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 followed by sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green I dye. Results We report the second case of 3q29 microdeletion syndrome including cleft lip with or without cleft palate and the first case of this microdeletion syndrome inherited from a phenotypically normal mosaic parent. Conclusions Our findings confirm the usefulness of a comparative genomic hybridization to detect causal microdeletions and indicate that parental somatic mosaicism should be considered in healthy parents for genetic counseling of the families. We discuss important ethical implications of sharing health impact results from research studies with the participant families.
Usefulness of fine‐needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma

Nodular thyroid disease is a frequent occurrence in clinical practice. The numerous diagnostic procedures available make the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma possible but, if not used rationally, may lead to an unjustified increase in cost with little practical gain. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of palpable thyroid nodules after functional evaluation by thyroid scintigraphy.
Arginine Metabolism : Enzymology , Nutrition , and Clinical Significance L-Arginine and Hypertension

Hypertension is a major healthcare problem afflicting nearly 50 million individuals in the United States. Despite its strong causal association with cardiovascular disease complications including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke, the majority of patients with hypertension do not achieve optimal blood pressure control. The prevalence of hypertension is expected to increase with the aging population, growing obesity epidemic, and rising incidence of metabolic syndrome. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity represent prominent pathophysiological abnormalities associated with hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Individuals with hypertension exhibit blunted epicardial and resistance vascular dilation to endotheliumderived nitric oxide (EDNO) agonists in the peripheral and coronary circulation that likely contributes to mechanisms of altered vascular tone in hypertension. The amino acid L-arginine serves as the principal substrate for vascular NO production. Numerous studies, though not uniformly, demonstrate a beneficial effect of acute and chronic L-arginine supplementation on EDNO production and endothelial function, and L-arginine has been shown to reduce systemic blood pressure in some forms of experimental hypertension. This brief review discusses the potential role of L-arginine in hypertension, and reviews possible mechanisms of L-arginine action including modulation of EDNO production, alteration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA):L-arginine balance, and possible improvement of insulin sensitivity. In view of the rising prevalence of hypertension, randomized human clinical studies investigating the potential therapeutic role of L-arginine may be warranted. J. Nutr. 134:
Symptom- and personality disorder changes in intensive short-term dynamic residential treatment for treatment-resistant anxiety and depressive disorders

Objective The study investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week intensive residential treatment programme based on principles from intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for patients with known treatment-resistant anxiety- and/or depressive disorders (mainly with comorbid personality disorders). Methods Patients (N=95) with prior repeated treatment failure were included. Changes in self-reported target complaints, symptom severity, and overall interpersonal problems have been presented for these patients in two previous articles. We now expand upon the existing knowledge by presenting novel data from a number of important observer-based and self-reported outcome domains (diagnostic changes on Axis I and II, changes in overall personality dysfunction, disorder complexity, medication use, health care utilisation, and occupational activity). Results There were pervasive and significant improvements on all measures during treatment, which were maintained or further improved during follow-up. Fourteen months after the end of treatment, 46.26% of patients had recovered in terms of Axis I pathology, 63.79% had recovered in terms of Axis II pathology, 71.18% had returned to work, and there was a 28.62% reduction in regular use of psychotropic medications. Health care utilisation was reduced by 65.55%, and there were large improvements in disorder complexity and levels of personality dysfunction. Conclusion The treatment programme was highly effective for patients with common and complex treatment-resistant mental disorders. Results are encouraging for the relatively large number of patients who tend not to benefit from standard formats of treatment for debilitating psychological problems.
Dopamine Inhibition Differentially Controls Excitability of Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neuron Subpopulations through T-Type Calcium Channels

While there is growing appreciation for diversity among ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons, much less is known regarding functional heterogeneity among the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) neurons. Here, we show that calbindin-positive dorsal tier and calbindin-negative ventral tier SNc dopaminergic neurons in mice comprise functionally distinct subpopulations distinguished by their dendritic calcium signaling, rebound excitation, and physiological responses to dopamine D2-receptor (D2) autoinhibition. While dopamine is known to inhibit action potential backpropagation, our experiments revealed an unexpected enhancement of excitatory responses and dendritic calcium signals in the presence of D2-receptor inhibition. Specifically, dopamine inhibition and direct hyperpolarization enabled the generation of low-threshold depolarizations that occurred in an all-or-none or graded manner, due to recruitment of T-type calcium channels. Interestingly, these effects occurred selectively in calbindin-negative dopaminergic neurons within the SNc. Thus, calbindin-positive and calbindin-negative SNc neurons differ substantially in their calcium channel composition and efficacy of excitatory inputs in the presence of dopamine inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons can be divided into two populations: the calbindin-negative ventral tier, which is vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, and the calbindin-positive dorsal tier, which is relatively resilient. Although tonic firing is similar in these subpopulations, we find that their responses to dopamine-mediated inhibition are strikingly different. During inhibition, calbindin-negative neurons exhibit increased sensitivity to excitatory inputs, which can then trigger large dendritic calcium transients due to strong expression of T-type calcium channels. Therefore, SNc neurons differ substantially in their calcium channel composition, which may contribute to their differential vulnerability. Furthermore, T-currents increase excitation efficacy onto calbindin-negative cells during dopamine inhibition, suggesting that shared inputs are differentially processed in subpopulations resulting in distinct downstream dopamine signals.
Effect of Halofantrine Administration on some liver and heart enzymes in Healthy Human Volunteers

The effect of halofantrine on liver and the heart was evaluated in 15 healthy adult human volunteers (11 females and 4 males), after a single oral dose of halofantrine given to each volunteer. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time intervals and analysed for the various liver and heart enzyme activities {Aspartateaminotransferase (AST), Alanineaminotransferase (ALT), Alkalinephosphatase(ALP),Creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactatedehydrogenase (LDH)}, before and after drug administration. Halofantrine administration caused a steady increase in the activities of all the enzymes with a peak at the 8th hour. These values were statistically significantly (p base line (0 hr) especially at the 8th hour. The increase in enzyme activity corresponds to peak serum concentration of halofantrine as seen in earlier studies. It conclude that halofantine administration at therapeutic or higher doses could result in an increase in enzyme activities and since these vital organs, plays a significant role in halofantrine pharmacokinetics, may play a role in predicting halofantrine toxicity/and or effect. (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 9: 31 – 35, 2006) Keywords: Halofantrine, human, biochemistry, Hepato/Cardiotoxicity
Comparison of permanent magnet brushless motors for electric vehicles

Recently, the flux-mnemonic permanent magnet brushless (FM-PMBL) motor is regarded as a promising traction motor for electric vehicles (EVs) due to its effective and efficient air-gap flux control. In this paper, the FM-PMBL motor is firstly qualitatively compared with other three types of PMBL motors for EVs, namely a traditional PMBL motor, a memory motor and a hybrid-field doubly-salient PM (HF-DSPM) motor. Then, a quantitative comparison between the FM-PMBL motor and the HF-DSPM motor is conducted based on the same dimensions and topologies. All results confirm the validity of the application of FM-PMBL motors in EVs.
The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and prostate cancer risk in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study

Abstract Objective The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) aim at preventing diet-associated diseases such as cancer in the Nordic countries. We evaluated adherence to the NNR in relation to prostate cancer (PC) in Swedish men, including potential interaction with a genetic risk score and with lifestyle factors. Design Population-based case–control study (Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), 2001–2002). Using data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, we created an NNR adherence score and estimated relative risks of PC by unconditional logistic regression. Individual score components were modelled separately and potential modifying effects were assessed on the multiplicative scale. Setting Four regions in the central and northern parts of Sweden. Subjects Incident PC patients (n 1386) and population controls (n 940), frequency-matched on age and region. Results No overall association with PC was found, possibly due to the generally high adherence to the NNR score and its narrow distribution in the study population. Among individual NNR score components, high compared with low intakes of polyunsaturated fat were associated with an increased relative risk of localized PC. No formal interaction with genetic or lifestyle factors was observed, although in stratified analysis a positive association between the NNR and PC was suggested among men with a high genetic risk score but not among men with a medium or low genetic risk score. Conclusions Our findings do not support an association between NNR adherence and PC. The suggestive interaction with the genetic risk score deserves further investigations in other study populations.
Assessment of Bioactivity of WHO/NIH Research Standard for Inhibin (Code 86/690) Using Two Separate Pituitary Cell-Culture Systems

The Research Standard for inhibin, porcine (No. 86/690) distributed by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, U.K. for the bioassay of inhibin was tested for its bioactivity in vitro in two rat pituitary cell culture systems. The system A was obtained from pituitaries of 12 day old immature rats while system B was obtained from pituitaries of mature male rats. The inhibin preparation failed to inhibit basal secretion of FSH in the system A. Instead it stimulated the release of both LH and FSH. 1 ng LHRH induced release of LH was inhibited by 32, 80 and 43% by 0.1, 1 and 10 IU inhibin, respectively. 10 ng LHRH induced release of FSH was inhibited in a none-dose related manner and the maximum inhibition was by 10 IU inhibin (25%). The same dose of 10 IU inhibin stimulated LHRH-induced release of LH by 35%. In system B, 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 IU inhibin suppressed basal secretion of FSH by 0, 44, 72, 70 and 48%, respectively, while LH was suppressed by 13, 24, 46, 22 and 21% respectively. The pattern of inhibition of 10 ng LHRH induced release of LH and FSH by inhibin was similar to its effect on basal secretion. A specific dose-related inhibition of FSH was not observed. Our data question the utility of the inhibin standard (86/690).