Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have diminished ankle and hip muscle performance.

STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. OBJECTIVES To characterize ankle and hip muscle performance in women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and compare them to matched controls. We hypothesized that ankle plantar flexor strength, and hip extensor and abductor strength and endurance, would be diminished in women with PTTD and this impairment would be on the side of dysfunction. BACKGROUND Individuals with PTTD demonstrate impaired walking abilities. Walking gait is strongly dependent on the performance of calf and hip musculature. METHODS Thirty-four middle-aged women (17 with PTTD) participated. Ankle plantar flexor strength was assessed with the single-leg heel raise test. Hip muscle performance, including strength and endurance, were dynamometrically measured. Differences between groups and sides were assessed with a mixed-model analysis of variance. RESULTS Females with PTTD performed significantly fewer single-leg heel raises and repeated sagittal and frontal plane non-weight-bearing leg lifts, and also had lower hip extensor and abductor torques than age-matched controls. There were no differences between sides for hip strength and endurance measures for either group, but differences between sides in ankle strength measures were noted in both groups. CONCLUSION Women with PTTD demonstrated decreased ankle and hip muscle performance bilaterally.
CdWO/sub 4/ crystal in gamma-ray spectrometry

The properties of CdWO/sub 4/ (CWO) crystals in gamma spectrometry were studied. Several small samples of 10/spl times/10/spl times/3 mm size, typically used in CT X-ray detectors, were tested and then compared to the performance of a larger crystal of 20 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height. The light output, energy resolution, and non-proportionality of the CWO response versus gamma-ray energy, were measured and compared with those of a small BGO to discuss further the origin of the intrinsic resolution of pure undoped scintillating crystals. A high light output of 6500 /spl plusmn/ 200 phe/MeV and a good energy resolution of 6.6 /spl plusmn/ 0.2% for 662 keV gamma rays from a /sup 137/Cs source were measured for the small samples coupled to an XP3212 photomultiplier. Common non-proportionality curves and consequently common intrinsic resolutions of small CWO and BGO suggest that they represent fundamental characteristics of the heavy oxide scintillating material themselves.
Meta-Analytic Methods and the Importance of Non-TBI Factors Related to Outcome in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Response to Bigler et al. (2013)

Bigler et al. (2013, The Clinical Neuropsychologist) contend that weak methodology and poor quality of the studies comprising our recent meta-analysis led us to miss detecting a subgroup of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) characterized by persisting symptomatic complaint and positive biomarkers for neurological damage. Our computation of non-significant Q, tau2 , and I2 statistics contradicts the existence of a subgroup of mTBI with poor outcome, or variation in effect size as a function of quality of research design. Consistent with this conclusion, the largest single contributor to our meta-analysis, Dikmen, Machamer, Winn, and Temkin (1995, Neuropsychology, 9, 80) yielded an effect size, –0.02, that was smaller than our overall effect size of –0.07 despite using the most liberal definition of mTBI: loss of consciousness less than 1 hour, with no exclusion of subjects who had positive CT scans. The evidence is weak for biomarkers of mTBI, such as diffusion tensor imaging and for demonstrable neuropathology in uncomplicated mTBI. Postconcussive symptoms, and reduced neuropsychological test scores are not specific to mTBI but can result from pre-existing psychosocial and psychiatric problems, expectancy effects and diagnosis threat. Moreover, neuropsychological impairment is seen in a variety of primary psychiatric disorders, which themselves are predictive of persistent complaints following mTBI. We urge use of prospective studies with orthopedic trauma controls in future investigations of mTBI to control for these confounding factors.
System for exercise analysis

A system and procedure for the analysis of the effects of a heavy exercise training program are presented. Specifically, the components, protocol, and primary physiological results are discussed and analyzed for four groups: exercise and non-exercise of control and diabetic rats. Changes in heart electrophysiology (electrocardiogram) were recorded with biotelemetry transmitters. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. One week after STZ treatment, rats began a heavy exercise training program (18m/min at 20o treadmill incline for 60 min/day) which continued 5 days per week for 8 weeks. The heart rate (HR) in diabetic rats was significantly lower (82%) than in controls after 1 week of training. After 4 weeks of exercise, HR was further significantly reduced in both groups. There were no additional effects on HR after 8 weeks. In conclusion, a heavy exercise training program begun at the onset of STZ-induced diabetes has limited effects on cardiovascular adaptation to diabetes.
[Diurnal variation of aqueous flare in normal human eyes measured with laser flare-cell meter].

An attempt was made to detect the diurnal variation of aqueous protein concentration (aqueous flare) in normal human eyes. The laser flare-cell meter, which was recently developed to determine aqueous protein concentration quantitatively in vivo, was employed in the study. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate the reproducibility of aqueous flare measurements with the laser flare-cell meter in normal subjects, giving a reproducibility coefficient of 12.5%. The aqueous flare intensity was found to be high in the morning and low in the evening. The quotient between the highest and the lowest value was 1.32. The findings were considered to represent changes in actual aqueous protein concentration and the possible sources of this fluctuation were discussed.
Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: results from the LIPID trial.

OBJECTIVE Diabetes, a major health problem worldwide, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and its associated mortality: The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial showed that cholesterol-lowering treatment with pravastatin reduced mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in 9014 patients aged 31-75 years with CHD and total cholesterol 4.0-7.0 mmol/l. We measured the effects of pravastatin therapy, 40 mg/day over 6.0 years, on the risk of CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular outcomes in 1,077 LIPID patients with diabetes and 940 patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). RESULTS In patients allocated to placebo, the risk of a major CHD event was 61% higher in patients with diabetes and 23% higher in the IFG group than in patients with normal fasting glucose, and the risk of any cardiovascular event was 37% higher in the diabetic group and 19% higher in the IFG group. Pravastatin therapy reduced the risk of a major CHD event overall from 15.9 to 12.3% (relative risk reduction [RRR] 24%, P < 0.001) and from 23.4 to 19.6% in the diabetic group (19%, P = 0.11); in the diabetic group, the reduction was not significantly different from the reductions in the other groups. Pravastatin reduced the risk of any cardiovascular event from 52.7 to 45.2% (21%, P < 0.008) in patients with diabetes and from 45.7 to 37.1% (26%, P = 0.003) in the IFG group. Pravastatin reduced the risk of stroke from 9.9 to 6.3% in the diabetic group (RRR 39%, CI 7-61%, P = 0.02) and from 5.4 to 3.4% in the IFG group (RRR 42%, CI -9 to 69%, P = 0.09). Pravastatin did not reduce the incidence of diabetes. Over 6 years, pravastatin therapy prevented one major CHD event (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in 23 patients with IFG and 18 patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of other major trials confirmed the high absolute risks of diabetes and IFG and the absolute benefits of statin therapy in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol-lowering treatment with pravastatin therapy prevents cardiovascular events, including stroke, in patients with diabetes or IFG and established CHD.
The Extensive Sexual Violation and Sexual Abuse Histories of Incarcerated Women

A growing body of research reports on the lifetime prevalence of sexual victimization experiences among incarcerated women. However, none of this research provides a detailed account of the many types and levels of sexual violations and sexual abuses, the age of occurrence, and the victim–offender relationship. This study used the Sexual Abuse Checklist (designed by the first author) and a modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) to obtain a detailed account of 391 incarcerated women's self-reported sexual violation and abuse histories. Seventy percent of the women reported at least one violation consistent with what qualifies as “rape” in most states in the United States today, and half of the women reported child sexual abuse victimization. The most prevalent victim–offender relationships were male strangers, male lovers or boyfriends, male dates, husbands, uncles, brothers, male cousins, and stepfathers.
5 Oxidative Stress of Newborn

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules containing one or more unpaired electrons. They donate or abstract electrons from other molecules in an attempt to pair their electrons and generate a more stable species. Oxygen-derived reactants collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are normally produced in living organisms. When produced in excess, they are important mediators of cell and tissue injury [Halliwell, B. (1999), Fridovich, I. (1998), Gitto, E. et al. (2002)]. The resulting damage is referred to as oxidative stress. Free radicals are highly unstable and several enzymes and small-molecular-weight molecules with antioxidant capabilities protect against them [Halliwell, B. (1992)]; these protective molecules are part of the antioxidative defence system. There is a critical balance between free radical generation and antioxidant defences. Free radical reactions lead to the oxidation of lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and to DNA damage (fragmentation, base modifications and strand breaks); as a consequence, radicals have a wide range of biologically toxic effects [Saugstad, OD. (1996), Sarker, AH. et al. (1995)]. The generation of both ROS and RNS are summarised in figure 1.
The effects of sesame oil on the prevention of amiodarone-induced phlebitis

Background: Phlebitis is the most common complication associated with peripheral intravenous infusion of amiodarone. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of sesame oil on the prevention of amiodarone-induced phlebitis. Materials and Methods: This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty-six patients hospitalized in a coronary care unit were randomly allocated into two groups using a convenience sampling method. Following peripheral intravenous cannulation, five drops of pure sesame oil were applied to the skin within a 10 cm radius of the infusion site prior to the administration of amiodarone in the intervention group. Sesame oil was rubbed on the skin at the infusion site every 6 h in the 24-h period of amiodarone infusion. In the control group, liquid paraffin, used as a placebo, was rubbed on the skin at the infusion site of amiodarone. Both groups were monitored for the development of phlebitis and its degree within the 24-h period of amiodarone infusion as well as 6 h after its administration. The incidence of phlebitis was confirmed and recorded by an assessor who was blind to the two groups. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18, and descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier, Hazard ratio, independent t-test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in their catheter survival after 30 h and 10 min (P < 0.001). Over 60% of the patients (61.1%) in the intervention group did not show any sign of phlebitis, while 16.7% and 22.2% of the patients manifested signs of grade 2 and 3 phlebitis, respectively. In the control group, 22.2% of the patients showed no signs of phlebitis, while 5.6%, 27.8%, and 44.4% of the patients exhibited signs of grade 2, 3, and 4 phlebitis, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the degree of phlebitis (P = 0.006) and the onset of phlebitis development (P < 0.001) between the two groups. Conclusions: It is recommended to apply sesame oil topically to the infusion site of amiodarone so as to reduce the rate of the development of amiodarone-related phlebitis.
THE EFFERENT CONTROL OF AFFERENT SIGNALS ENTERING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The centrifugal control of afferent transmission in central sensory stations, long suspected by the perceptive neuroanatomists Cajal,5 Brouwer,3 and Wallenberg,42 is now firmly established as the result of numerous experiments carried out during the last six years. Early as well as recent anatomical studies,2,3'5.6'33,34,4n,41 *42 have shown in the central nervous system the presence of efferent or centrifugal fibers projecting down to sensory synapses as low as those of the spinal cord, of the spinal fifth sensory nucleus, of the dorsal column nuclei, of the cochlear nucleus, of the retina, and of the olfactory bulb. It has also been demonstrated in acute experiments that electrical stimulation of these fibers elicits inhibitory" ,32~1n or facilitatoryll~ZfiJIJo interactions with the ascending afferent impulses in all the above mentioned sensory centers (see the reviews on this subject by Hagbarth13 and by Hern&ndez-Pe6nlG). Furthermore, some descending influences that control synaptic afferent transmission act tonically during wakefulness. It has been shown that synchronized afferent volleys recorded from the lowest levels of the somatic, auditory, and olfactory central pathways are enhanced by anesthetics and by brain stem lesions, which impair c o n s c i o u ~ n e s s . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ These experimental observations are consistent with older observations in which larger cortical sensoryevoked potentials were recorded during deep rather than during light anesthesia. * Therefore the conclusion is warranted that the reticular activity related to wakefulness normally regulates the passage of a great number of sensory impulses to the central nervous system. Undoubtedly this new neurophysiological concept can account, at least in part, for the well-known psychological phenomenon concerning the constantly limited span of perception. Since perception is invariably associated with the process of attention, it occurred to one of us (R.H.-P.) that sensory impulses generated by stimuli outside of the span of attention would be prevented from entering the brain by descending inhibitory influences such as those mentioned above. Correlated behavioral and electrophysiological studies carried out in unanesthetized cats with electrodes permanently implanted in the lowest subcortical sensory relays have substantiated this hypothesis. By recording synchronized afferent volleys evoked by brief sensory stimuli, HernSndez-Pebn and his co-workers17 have demonstrated that the corresponding evoked potentials are reduced or abolished when the animal attends to stimuli more significant than the test stimulus. This phenomenon has been observed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus,28 in the axons of the retinal ganglion cells along the optic tract,22,233J7 in the spinal fifth sensory nucleus,7 in the lateral columns of the spinal cord: and in the olfactory bulb.I9 A similar reduction of sensory-evoked potentials at those lower stations of the mentioned sensory pathways has also been observed by Hernindez-PeQ and his co-~orkers '~ consecutive to monotonous repetition
Job turnover heterogeneity and person-job-specific time-series wages

This paper introduces and tests for the endogeneity of job tenure and number of jobs in the wage equation using panel data uniquely suited for that purpose -- the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). The model is multi-level in that there is wage dynamics -- random intercept, random growth path and autocorrelated transitory variation -- at the person-career level and at the job-specific level. The NLSY wage data is unique in that wage values are associated with a specific job (employer) and thus can be used to form a (monthly) time series of job-specific wages. The resulting job-specific time series of wages includes a variable number of unequally spaced points in time and has more missing values than complete data points from beginning to end. The multiple job-specific time series for a person may overlap in time so that the person-specific time series may include multiple wages at any given survey date. The data is also unique in that the begin and end dates of all jobs are available over the person's career so that precise measures of number of jobs and of months of work experience and tenure on the job may be constructed as of the date of each reported wage value. This data also allows the modeling of job turnover and job duration in continuous time jointly with the wage time series for that job. The model is designed to test the exogeneity of number of jobs held and of job tenure in the wage equation.
MicroRNA miR‐7 contributes to the control of Drosophila wing growth

Background: The control of organ growth is critical for correct animal development. From flies to mammals, the mechanisms regulating growth are conserved and the role of microRNAs in this process is emerging. The conserved miR‐7 has been described to control several aspects of development. Results: Here, we have analyzed the function of miR‐7 during Drosophila wing development. We found that loss of miR‐7 function results in a reduction of wing size and produces wing cells that are smaller than wild type cells. We also found that loss of miR‐7 function interferes with the cell cycle by affecting the G1 to S phase transition. Further, we present evidence that miR‐7 is expressed in the wing imaginal discs and that the inactivation of miR‐7 increases the expression of Cut and Senseless proteins in wing discs. Finally, our results show that the simultaneous inactivation of miR‐7 and either cut, Notch, or dacapo rescues miR‐7 loss of function wing size reduction phenotype. Conclusions: The results from this work reveal, for the first time, that miR‐7 functions to regulate Drosophila wing growth by controlling cell cycle phasing and cell mass through its regulation of the expression of dacapo and the Notch signaling pathway. Developmental Dynamics 244:21–30, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural and Material Resources of Parents and Grandparents and the Educational Outcome of Grandchildren in Europe

Der Bildungserfolg von Kindern hA¤ngt in vielen FA¤llen von den materiellen und kulturellen Ressourcen der Eltern ab. In vielen Familien stellen jedoch auch GroAŸeltern Ressourcen zur VerfA¼gung, die direkt und indirekt die Bildungslaufbahn ihrer Enkelkinder unterstA¼tzen. Im vorliegenden Papier untersuchen wir aus einer Drei-Generationenperspektive, welchen Einfluss GroAŸeltern auf den Bildungsabschluss ihrer Enkelkinder in verschiedenen europA¤ischen LA¤ndern haben. Mithilfe der Daten des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) ist es mA¶glich, die Bildungsweitergabe in einem Drei-Generationenkontext im internationalen Vergleich zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der eigenstA¤ndige Einfluss der GroAŸeltern nicht zu vernachlA¤ssigen ist: Besonders wenn Eltern geringe Ressourcen haben und in LA¤ndern mit geringen Bildungsausgaben, gleichen GroAŸeltern diese MA¤ngel aus.
Thalamocortical projections in the reeler mutant mouse

The normal radial distribution of the different neocortical cell classes is inverted in the reeler mutant mouse. The organization of the thalamocortical projection in adult reelers has been investigated by using anterograde degeneration techniques. Thalarnocortical mons follow anomalous trajectories to their target cytoarchitectonic fields in the mutant. After leaving the internal capsule, the axons ascend in sigmoid‐shaped fascicles to enter a fiber stratum near the cortical surface. The axons course through this superficial stratum until they reach their target fields and then descend to terminate in deeper cortical planes. In the normal animal, by contrast, the mons course tangentially at the interface of the cortex with the subcortical white matter; upon reaching their target fields, they ascend to terminate more superficially in the cortex. Thus, in both genotypes the tangential portions of the axon trajectories pass through the polymorphic cell population.
Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer

This paper examines interfirm knowledge transfers within strategic alliances. Using a new measure of changes in alliance partners' technological capabilities, based on the citation patterns of their patent portfolios, we analyze changes in the extent to which partner firms' technological resources ‘overlap’ as a result of alliance participation. This measure allows us to test hypotheses from the literature on interfirm knowledge transfer in alliances, with interesting results: we find support for some elements of this ‘received wisdom’—equity arrangements promote greater knowledge transfer, and ‘absorptive capacity’ helps explain the extent of technological capability transfer, at least in some alliances. But the results also suggest limits to the ‘capabilities acquisition’ view of strategic alliances. Consistent with the argument that alliance activity can promote increased specialization, we find that the capabilities of partner firms become more divergent in a substantial subset of alliances.
I.T. Assets, Organizational Capabilities and Firm Performance: Do Resource Allocations and Organizational Differences Explain Performance Variation?

Despite evidence of a positive relationship between information technology (IT) investments and firm performance, results still vary across firms and performance measures. We explore two organizational explanations for this variation: differences in firms' IT investment allocations and their IT capabilities. We develop a theoretical model of IT resources, defined as the combination of specific IT assets and organizational IT capabilities. We argue that investments into different IT assets are guided by firms' strategies (e.g., cost leadership or innovation) and deliver value along performance dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. We hypothesize that firms derive additional value per IT dollar through a mutually reinforcing system of organizational IT capabilities built on complementary practices and competencies. Empirically, we test the impact of IT assets, IT capabilities, and their combination on four dimensions of firm performance: market valuation, profitability, cost, and innovation. Our results---based on data on IT investment allocations and IT capabilities in 147 U.S. firms from 1999 to 2002---demonstrate that IT investment allocations and organizational IT capabilities drive differences in firm performance. Firms' total IT investment is not associated with performance, but investments in specific IT assets explain performance differences along dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. In addition, a system of organizational IT capabilities strengthens the performance effects of IT assets and broadens their impact beyond their intended purpose. The results help explain variance in returns to IT capital across firms and expand our understanding of alignment between IT and organizations. We illustrate our findings with examples from a case study of 7-Eleven Japan.