Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Aggression and Facial Expression Identification

Social information processing theories suggest that aggressive individuals may exhibit hostile perceptual biases when interpreting other’s behaviour. This hypothesis was tested in the present study which investigated the effects of physical aggression on facial expression identification in a sample of healthy participants. Participants were asked to judge the expressions of faces presented to them and to complete a self-report measure of aggression. Relative to low physically aggressive participants, high physically aggressive participants were more likely to mistake non-angry facial expressions as being angry facial expressions (misattribution errors), supporting the idea of a hostile predisposition. These differences were not explained by gender, or response times. There were no differences in identifying angry expressions in general between aggression groups (misperceived errors). These findings add support to the idea that aggressive individuals exhibit hostile perceptual biases when interpreting facial expressions.
Overlap Coefficients Based on Kullback-Leibler of Two Normal Densities: Equal Means Case

Overlap coefficient (OVL) represents the proportion of overlap between two probability distributions, as a measure of the similarity between them. In this paper, we define a new overlap coefficient Λ based on Kullback-Leibler divergence and compare its performance to three known overlap coefficients, namely Matusia's Measure, Morisita's Measure, Weitzman's Measure. We study their properties, relations between them, and give approximate expressions for the biases and the variances.
Trophic coupling across the St. Lawrence River estuarine transition zone

The objective of this study was to analyze the coupling between trophic levels of the frontal area of the St. Lawrence estuary transition zone, which is the site of an estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) and is an important nursery area for the juveniles of Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. A detailed series of measurements and sampling were conducted over 6 tidal cycles within the frontal zone. An inverse relationship between the abundance of the 63 µm-net plankton and that of autotrophs indicated the impact of zooplankton grazing on autotrophic biomass, which was largely composed of diatoms. Within the 63 µm-net plankton, nau- plii, copepodites and the adults of Eurytemora affinis appeared to be the most important grazers of autotrophs. First-order calculations illustrated that the primary production observed in the ETM is capable of supporting the biomass of this copepod and that its grazing pressure is capable of reduc- ing autotrophic biomass in the brackish waters of the transition zone. Heterotrophic species were a small component (<20%) of total microplankton in the freshwater samples, but dominated the total community biomass at higher salinities. This shift towards heterotrophic dominance implies a spatial coupling between upstream autotrophic production and downstream consumer processes. Analysis of stomach contents showed that the calanoid copepod E. affinis was the primary food source for larval fishes and mysids, although the combined ingestion rates of the 2 fish species are unlikely to have any impact on copepod standing stocks. By far the most important predators of the zooplankton are Neomysis americana and Mysis stenolepis. Estuarine circulation and associated entrapment processes ultimately control the trophic relationships and gradients in community structure within the ETM.
Remembrance: Remembering the dead from the customary to the modern in Timor-Leste

Remembering the dead is central to the order of the living in Timor-Leste. This may seem a self-evident statement to say of a society that has witnessed the wide-spread violence and destruction of a twenty-four year occupation. Yet the dead continue to frame day-to-day life in ways that may not be immediately evident to the outsider but which are integral to sustaining social life. Not only does the spirit world continue to reverberate on the fortunes of the living, but the actual acts of remembering - the ritual and commemoration that follows the death of a person - have the effect of reconstituting social connections in quite fundamental ways. In a post-conflict scenario, the need for proper commemoration sees otherwise scarce resources mobilised; bodies are returned to origin villages, familial ties activated across often-dispersed communities, material possessions drawn into the demands of ritual obligation, and graves built. Through such acts death becomes constitutive of social life, as a moment of connection both between those still alive and also between the living and the dead, and as such tends to be one of the most important and deeply social moments in the lives of East Timorese.
Does Famine Have Long-Term Effects on Female Fecundity ? Evidence from the Great Leap Forward Famine in China

Using data from a nationally representative sample survey in China, I identified a significant cohort difference in sterility between those who were born during the 19591961 Great Leap Forward Famine and those who were born immediately before and after. The increased risk of sterility for the famine cohort supports the claim that prenatal exposure to acute malnutrition may cause permanent damage to biological reproductive capacity, a research hypothesis that was first proposed over 10 years ago but have not been tested rigorously. The results of this research also contributes supportive evidence to the increasingly important idea of early developmental origins of health and disease and is potentially interesting to a broad scientific audiences as well as policy makers.
Immobilization and association of microorganisms to improve fermentation performance for ethanol production

Alcohol production in industry is carried out almost exclusively by means of batch or continuous fermentation processes. In both cases, cells are found spread throughout the fermenting substrate and have to go through a centrifugation cycle in order to be recovered. Investment in equipment is very high and performance is often lower than expected. According to available information, ethanol fermentation performance could be better in conditions where the cells are immobilized in continuous processes. In this experiment, it was possible to affirm, based on statistical data that fermentation with immobilized cells improves alcohol yields. Using a free cell batch fermentation process, Zymomonas mobilis reached 59.95% of the theoretical yield. Immobilized cells reached 68.53% using a batch and 74.49% using a continuous fermentation process. Under the same conditions, Saccharomyces cerevisiae reached respectively 70.03, 77.10 and 78.47% of the theoretical yield. Higher yields were achieved for both microorganisms using mixed culture fermentation, compared to pure cultures. Under the same conditions for both pure cultures, mixed cultures reached respectively 70.86, 79.07 and 80.86% of the theoretical yield. Findings suggest that association and immobilization cultures of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis result in better yields for batch as well as continuous fermentation processes. Key words: Cell immobilization, mixed cultures, ethanol fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis.
Robust Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning via Minimax Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient

Despite the recent advances of deep reinforcement learning (DRL), agents trained by DRL tend to be brittle and sensitive to the training environment, especially in the multi-agent scenarios. In the multi-agent setting, a DRL agent’s policy can easily get stuck in a poor local optima w.r. t. its training partners – the learned policy may be only locally optimal to other agents’ current policies. In this paper, we focus on the problem of training robust DRL agents with continuous actions in the multi-agent learning setting so that the trained agents can still generalize when its opponents’ policies alter. To tackle this problem, we proposed a new algorithm, MiniMax Multi-agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (M3DDPG) with the following contributions: (1) we introduce a minimax extension of the popular multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (MADDPG), for robust policy learning; (2) since the continuous action space leads to computational intractability in our minimax learning objective, we propose Multi-Agent Adversarial Learning (MAAL) to efficiently solve our proposed formulation. We empirically evaluate our M3DDPG algorithm in four mixed cooperative and competitive multi-agent environments and the agents trained by our method significantly outperforms existing baselines.
USING PÓLYA URNS TO SHOW NORMAL LIMIT LAWS FOR FRINGE SUBTREES IN m-ARY SEARCH TREES

We study fringe subtrees of the random m-ary search trees, by putting them in context of generalised Pólya urns. In particular we show that for the random m-ary search trees with m ≤ 26, the number of fringe subtrees that are isomorphic to an arbitrary fixed tree T converges to a normal distribution; more generally, we also prove multivariate normal distribution results for random vectors of such numbers for different fringe subtrees.
Perturbations to the lower ionosphere by tropical cyclone Evan in the South Pacific Region

Very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals from navigational transmitters propagate worldwide in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide formed by the Earth and the electrically conducting lower ionosphere. Changes in the signal properties are signatures of variations in the conductivity of the reflecting boundary of the lower ionosphere which is located in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, and their analysis is, therefore, a way to study processes in these remote regions. Here we present a study on amplitude perturbations of local origin on the VLF transmitter signals (NPM, NLK, NAA, and JJI) observed during tropical cyclone (TC) Evan, 9–16 December 2012 when TC was in the proximity of the transmitter‐receiver links. We observed a maximum amplitude perturbation of 5.7 dB on JJI transmitter during 16 December event. From Long Wave Propagation Capability model applied to three selected events we estimate a maximum decrease in the nighttime D region reference height (H′) by ~5.2 km (13 December, NPM) and maximum increase in the daytime D region H′ by 6.1 km and 7.5 km (14 and 16 December, JJI). The results suggest that the TC caused the neutral densities of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere to lift and sink (bringing the lower ionosphere with it), an effect that may be mediated by gravity waves generated by the TC. The perturbations were observed before the storm was classified as a TC, at a time when it was a tropical depression, suggesting the broader conclusion that severe convective storms, in general, perturb the mesosphere and the stratosphere through which the perturbations propagate.
Preferred Running Head : Training load during elite cricket training

1 Purpose: To examine the relationship between session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) 2 and measures of internal and external training load (TL) within cricket batsmen and medium3 fast bowlers during net-based training sessions. Methods: The internal (heart rate), external 4 (movement demands, Player LoadTM) and technical (cricket-specific skills) loads of thirty, 5 male cricket players (age: 21.2 ± 3.8 y, height: 1.82 ± 0.07 m, body mass: 79.0 ± 8.7 kg) were 6 determined from net-based cricket training sessions (n = 118). The relationships between 7 sRPE and measures of TL were quantified using Pearson’s product moment correlations, 8 respective to playing position. Stepwise multiple regression techniques provided key internal 9 and external load determinants of sRPE in cricket players. Results: Significant correlations 10 were evident (r = -0.34 – 0.87, P < 0.05) between internal and external measures of TL and 11 sRPE, with the strongest correlations (r ≥ 0.62) existing for GPS-derived measures for both 12 playing positions. In batsmen, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that 67.8% of 13 the adjusted variance in sRPE could be explained by Player LoadTM and high-intensity 14 distance (y = 27.43 + 0.81 Player LoadTM + 0.29 high-intensity distance). For medium-fast 15 bowlers, 76.3% of the adjusted variance could be explained by total distance and mean heart 16 rate (y = 101.82 + total distance 0.05 + HRmean -0.48). Conclusion: These results suggest that 17 sRPE is a valid method of reporting TL amongst cricket batsmen and medium-fast bowlers. 18 Position specific responses are evident, and should be considered when monitoring the TL of 19
Collaborative Information System for Managing the Supply Chain: Architecture Based on a Multi Agent System

Faced with new constraints of their environment, in dustries are forced to join together in collective entities and collabo rate with their partners. These companies have realized the importa nce of collaboration between companies and have begun to a dopt new patterns of behavior to improve their productivity, profitability and flexibility during market requests. Indeed, the col laboration between firms has become a major strategic choice. Companie s have begun to think of how to cooperate, a new form of management must be developed to ensure coordination and information’s sharing, in real time, between different stakeholders in the supply chain; suppliers, customers, subcontractors and carriers, etc. Faced with these issues, we truly believe that it is important to build a ne w information system; this one have to be modern, efficient and flexible n order to optimize and control the flow of information between supply chain actors. The approach presented in this paper is considered amon g the works that aim to propose solutions related to information sys tems based on multi-agent systems, in order to ensure coordinatio between services of various partners, sharing and traceability of in formation Article history : Received: February 12, 2013 Revised: May 3, 2013 Accepted: June 20, 2013
The growth of convective plumes at seafloor hot springs

The growth of buoyant plumes in the presence of stratification (N) and rotation (f) is studied and illustrated with a number of numerical experiments of convection induced by a localized source of buoyancy at the lower boundary of a linearly stratified fluid. The presence of stratification constrains the convection in the vertical giving rise to an equilibrium-spreading layer which receives the rising mass of plume fluid ; the plume can be divided into an upper, mass-source driven anticyclone and a lower, buoyancy-source (F) driven cyclone. With N/f large, the plume's rise-height is set by the classical non-rotating scaling l N = (F/N 3 ) 1/4 . Physically motivated scaling laws invoke angular momentum constraints and indicate the fundamental role played by rotation, which sets the scale l f = (F/f 3 ) 1/4 . The lateral spread of the upper-level anticyclone is constrained by rotation : for times greater than f -1 the anticyclone grows laterally at a rate which is essentially independent ofN, and given by l f (ft) 1/3 ; the ratio of the lateral scale of the anticyclone to its vertical scale (aspect ratio) is proportional to N/f. The cyclone's lateral scale is l f , and the strong cyclonic flow scales like fl f . An enhanced lateral mixing is suggested to occur in the cyclone along slanted angular momentum and isopycnal surfaces, which become closely aligned. On a much longer time scale, the scaling suggests that the lateral growth of the upper level anticyclone is arrested by its interaction with the lower level cyclone ; a baroclinic instability is expected to detach the anticyclone from the source after a time of order ft ∼100N/f.
The Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Marine Cyanobacteria . Applications in Biotechnology

*For correspondence email bill.gerwick@oregonstate.edu Abstract Marine cyanobacteria have proven to be one of the most versatile marine producers of secondary metabolites. Many of these metabolites demonstrate antiproliferative activity (e.g. curacin A, dolastatins), acute cytotoxic activity (e.g. apratoxin, hectochlorin) or have specific neurotoxic activity (e.g. kalkitoxin, antillatoxin), making them invaluable as potential therapeutic leads or pharmacological tools. The predominant biogenetic theme in cyanobacterial natural products chemistry is the integration of polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) along with a variety of unusual tailoring or modifying enzymes, and accounts for the tremendous structural diversity of their metabolites. Only recently has the genetic architecture of several cyanobacterial biosynthetic gene clusters been determined, and studies to understand and exploit this biosynthentic machinery present an exciting new frontier. This chapter will summarize the properties of several notable metabolites from marine cyanobacteria that have clinical or pharmacological applications followed by a detailed account of their biosyntheses at the molecular genetic level and their potential applications in biotechnology.
Leaving It All Behind to Travel

The potential for personal growth in cross-cultural travel has been posited by numerous psychologists; however, a “gaping hole” in empirical research has left these hypotheses unexplored. Meanwhile, rapidly increasing numbers of people are choosing to leave their careers to pursue a personal dream of extensive foreign travel. The aim of this study was to explore the motivations, psychological experiences, and outcomes from travel in this growing “career-break” demographic. Ten men and women who had exited their careers to pursue extensive culturally engaging travel participated in an individual semistructured interview that was analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. Three main themes emerged: an existential yearning to travel, “jumping off the ledge” (courage), and discovering authenticity. Personal growth occurred via adversity within the travel experience itself, but also at the pretravel stage of departure, where leaving security and venturing uncertainty was experienced with “milestone” significance and, for some, as a seismic event akin to trauma. Future research should explore the potential for a new type of intrinsically emerging trauma in posttraumatic growth and the potential for anxiety as a positive construct in authentic becoming and growth.
Spectral Interferometry-Based Chromatic Dispersion Measurement of Fibre Including the Zero-Dispersion Wavelength

We report on a simple spectral interferometric technique for chromatic dispersion measurement of a short length optical fibre including the zero-dispersion wavelength. The method utilizes a supercontinuum source, a dispersion balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a fibre under test of known length inserted in one of the interferometer arms and the other arm with adjustable path length. The method is based on resolving one spectral interferogram (spectral fringes) by a low-resolution NIR spectrometer. The fringe order versus the precise wavelength position of the interference extreme in the recorded spectral signal is fitted to the approximate function from which the chromatic dispersion is obtained. We verify the applicability of the method by measuring the chromatic dispersion of two polarization modes in a birefringent holey fibre. The measurement results are compared with those obtained by a broad spectral range (500-1600 nm) measurement method, and good agreement is confirmed.
The role of home literacy and language environment on bilinguals ’ English and Spanish vocabulary development

For the monolingual population, research has shown that vocabulary knowledge is closely related to reading achievement. However, the role of vocabulary has not been studied as extensively in the bilingual population. It is important to look at vocabulary to better understand reading achievement in the bilingual population in the United States. This study investigated the predictors of Spanish and English vocabulary for 96 fifth-grade Latino English language learners. Our results suggest that becoming or staying proficient in English did not require parental use of English in the home. However, proficiency in Spanish required both instructional support at school and social support at home; it is likely that the low social status of Spanish is related to its greater dependence on home
Effect of Pasture Finishing on Beef Quality of Japanese Shorthorn Steers

Effect of pasture finishing on α-tocopherol and β-carotene concentrations, drip loss, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, fatty acid composition, meat color and metmyoglobin percentage of m. longissimus thoracis of Japanese Shorthorn steers was studied. Japanese Shorthorn steers (n=8), fattened indoors with a concentrate-based diet until they were 19 months of age were divided into two groups of four steers. Steers of the concentrate-fed group were fattened indoors with a concentrate-based diet until they were slaughtered. Steers of the pasture-fed group were fattened on pasture until they were slaughtered. The α-tocopherol and β-carotene concentrations in the muscle of the pasture-fed group were higher (p<0.05) than those of the concentrate-fed group. The drip loss of the muscle of the pasture-fed group was lower (p<0.05) than that of the concentrate-fed group. Compared with the concentrate-fed group, the concentration of peroxidisable lipids (fatty acids with three or more unsaturated bonds) in the muscle of the pasture-fed group was high (p<0.05). The metmyoglobin percentage during display of the muscle of the pasture-fed group was higher (p<0.05) than that of the concentrate-fed group. These results suggested that pasture finishing decreased drip loss of the beef but lowered meat color stability. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 3 : 420-426)
Hybrid modeling of cometary plasma environments

Context. The ESA Rosetta probe has not seen direct evidence of a fully formed bow shock at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P). Ion spectrometer measurements of cometary pickup ions measured in the vicinity of the nucleus of 67P are available and may contain signatures of the large-scale plasma environment. Aims. The aim is to investigate the possibility of using pickup ion signatures to infer the existence or nonexistence of a bow shock-like structure and possibly other large-scale plasma environment features. Methods. A numerical plasma model in the hybrid plasma description was used to model the plasma environment of a comet. Simulated pickup ion spectra were generated for different interplanetary magnetic field conditions. The results were interpreted through test particle tracing in the hybrid simulation solutions. Results. Features of the observed pickup ion energy spectrum were reproduced, and the model was used to interpret the observation to be consistent with a shock-like structure. We identify (1) a spectral break related to the bow shock, (2) a mechanism for generating the spectral break, and (3) a dependency of the energy of the spectral break on the interplanetary magnetic field magnitude and bow shock standoff distance.