Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation of Atoll Garnets in the Banded Iron Formation of Maru Schist Belt

Petrographic and microprobe analyses from the banded iron formations (BIF) of the Maru Schist Belt shows that the BIF contain occurrences of atoll-like garnets. The formation of the atoll garnet is discussed using textural, chemical and Backscatter Electron image (BSE) characteristics. The garnets are of almandine (Alm - 45) composition in the outer rims, with increased amount of spessartine (Spst - 40) in the central rims, and a low amount of grossularite and pyrope. The garnet replaced by chlorite (chamosite), with magnetite inclusions are contained in silicate facies BIF. Textural evidence reveals incipient garnet replacement by chamosite along the Fe - rich rims. Based on the microprobe analysis and BSE data it is supposed that atoll-like forms of the garnets in the BIF developed by replacement of the preexisting garnets mainly by chamosite, hematite, and ilmenite under varying temperature pressure conditions (from high grade - garnet zone, to low grade - chlorite zone) typical of polymetamorphic regions.
Acoustic characterisation of micronekton distribution in French Polynesia

Tuna distribution may be directly linked to food availability, the density of which can be assessed by echo-sounding. A study was performed in the French Polynesian EEZ (Economic Exclusive Zone) between 1995 and 1997 with a 38 kHz echo sounder working down to 500 m depth. With the settings used, acoustic back-scattered energy may be considered as representative of micronektonic fish biomass and provided information on horizontal and vertical micronekton variabilities and the structure of the echograms. Three different zones were defined by multivariate analysis. The classical biomass decreasing gradient from the equator to higher latitudes did not appear. Instead, the maximum micronekton abundance was found between Marquesas Archipelagos and a west-northwest/east-southeast oriented line stretching between 11 and 14°S, i.e. in a weak convergence, favourable to micronekton development due to the concentration of lower trophic levels with no oxygen limitation in the deep layers. Two zones with very different hydrological features, but with comparable micronektonic abundances, surround the richest micronekton zone. To the north, waters are enriched by the equatorial upwelling, but intense organic matter remineralisation limits oxygen availability under the thermocline. To the south, waters are influenced by the great southern gyre and present oligotrophic characteristics less favourable to micronekton development. The present results suggest that prediction of tuna forage distribution should take not only trophic parameters into account, but also environmental ones. They also suggest that echo-sounding data should be used more extensively in the validation of models predicting tuna forage.
Influence of drying methods on activation energy, effective moisture diffusion and drying rate of pomegranate arils (Punica granatum).

In this investigation, thin layer drying behavior of sour pomegranate arils using microwave, vacuum, and infrared methods as well as convection drying (three treatments including control and microwave pretreatments at 100 and 200 W) was studied. Effect of these drying methods on drying rate, effective moisture diffusion and activation energy was analyzed. It was observed that microwave pretreatment increases drying rate and effective moisture diffusion while it decreases activation energy. The highest values of drying rate and effective moisture diffusion were 0.965 g/min and 7.709 10-10 m2/s obtained with pretreatment power of 200 W at air temperature and velocity of 70 degreesC and 1.5 m/s. while the lowest values were 0.082 g/min and 0.856 10-10 m2/s for the control samples at 45 degreesC temperature and 0.5 m/s air velocity. Effective diffusion coefficient of pomegranate arils was in the range of 6.77 10-10 to 52.5 10-10 m2/s, 3.43 10-10 to 29.19 10-10 and 4 10-10 to 32 10-10 m2/s for vacuum, microwave and IR dryers, respectively. Activation energy for pomegranates in the vacuum dryer was 52.83 kJ, while in the microwave dryer it was 23.563(W/g). Activation energy in the microwave dryer was calculated using the Arrhenius exponential model. A comprehensive comparison of the various dryers revealed that microwave pretreatment combined with convective drying performed best for the drying of pomegranate arils taking into consideration the drying rate, effective moisture diffusion and activation energy.
Historical biogeography of western heather voles (Phenacomys intermedius) in montane systems of the Pacific Northwest

Abstract Quaternary climate fluctuations and topographical variation in the Pacific Northwest region of North America have interacted to affect the historical biogeography of biota in this region. High-elevation mammals have unique diversification patterns due to their isolation on mountaintops and potential for population growth and range expansion in lowland refugia that are available during glacial periods. We examined the phylogeographic structure, dates of lineage diversification, and historical demography of western heather vole (Phenacomys intermedius) populations across several mountain ranges in the Pacific Northwest. Our analysis of sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region using both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods identified 3 major geographically distinct lineages: an Oregon and California lineage, Washington lineage, and Northern and Interior lineage. Our estimate of divergence times using a Bayesian relaxed molecular-clock method revealed that diversification among these major lineages began ∼1.8 million years ago (mya) in the early Pleistocene with the split of the Oregon and California lineage followed by the split of the Washington lineage and the Northern and Interior lineage ∼1.5 mya. All 3 clades remain allopatric, suggesting that they did not share a common refugium during cold climatic intervals of the Pleistocene. Further diversification within each major clade occurred in the middle Pleistocene when populations in isolated mountain ranges became distinct. Demographic estimates from Bayesian skyline plots indicate that each of the 3 major clades has experienced population decline since the early Holocene, possibly due to the redistribution of populations into higher-elevation habitats that became restricted to mountaintops following continental and alpine deglaciation.
Meseres corlissi: a rare oligotrich ciliate adapted to warm water and temporary habitats

The temperature response of the oligotrich freshwater ciliate Meseres corlissi, a widely distributed but rare species, was investigated in laboratory cultures with the small cryptophyte Cryptomonas sp. as food. Experiments were conducted at saturating food levels and temperatures ranging from 12.5 to 30°C. The following ecophysiological parameters were measured: ingestion, growth and production rate, cell volume and gross growth efficiency. All these parameters peaked at temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C. Encystment was also recorded in the temperature response experiments. Cyst formation was low (<1% of all ciliates) at temperatures above 20°C, increased to 18% at 20°C and reached a maximum (~80%) at 15 to 17.5°C. Food limitation had little impact on encystment at 25°C. Additional experiments at variable food levels yielded the numerical and functional response of the species at the temperature optimum (25°C). The experimental results suggest that M. corlissi is an opportunistic warm water species, able to cope with changes in food and temperature. When adequate environmental conditions are met, this ciliate should be highly competitive in freshwater habitats. The sparse findings of this species from natural habitats suggest, however, that although M. corlissi is globally distributed, it is not ubiquitous. The factors that restrict the occurrence of M. corlissi in freshwater remain unknown.
Extension of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales to include the Big Five dimensions of personality.

Recent recognition that the dominance and nurturance dimensions of the interpersonal circumplex correspond closely to the surgency/extraversion and agreeableness dimensions of the five-factor model of personality provides an occasion for the closer integration of these two traditions. We describe the procedures whereby we extended our adjectival measure of the circumplex Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS-R) to include the additional Big Five dimensions of conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. The resultant five-scale instrument (IASR-B5) was found to have excellent structure on the item level, internally consistent scales, and promising convergent and discriminant properties when compared with the NEO Personality Inventory and the Hogan Personality Inventory. The unique feature of the IASR-B5 is that it provides a highly efficient instrument for combined circumplex and five-factor assessment. We provide an example of such combined assessment. The current decade in personality psychology has been characterized by renewed interest in two structural models that have been well-established for almost 40 years: the five-factor model of personality and the circumplex model of interpersonal behavior. The five orthogonal factors that have been found within the former tradition are listed in Figure 1. These dimensions originated in the work of Cattell (1946), were developed by Tupes and Christal (1961), and were refined by Norman (1963). Recent extensions of this line of investigation may be found in the work of McCrae and Costa (1985a), Digman and Inouye (1986), Hogan (1983), and Peabody and Goldberg (1989).
Financial Decision of Tunisian Firms in the Context of Market Timing Theory

This work focuses on the study of the determinants of capital structure in the context of the "Market Timing" theory in a sample of 20 Tunisian firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange during the period 2004-2010. The empirical analysis shows that the results are inconclusive regarding the relevance of certain variables from this theoretical framework due to various reasons including market inefficiency. We can also invoke the behavioral dimension of Tunisian companies insofar as direct finance is not often the preferred alternative by the agents as well as to those in need financing capacity.
Evaluation of GOCE-based Global Geoid Models in Finnish Territory

The gravity satellite mission GOCE made its final observations in the fall of 2013. By then it had exceeded its expected lifespan of 20 months with 35 additional months and observed the Earth's gravitational field from a lower orbit as originally planned during the last 6 months of its mission lifetime. Thus, the mission collected more data from the Earth’s gravitational field than expected, and more comprehensive global geoid models have been derived ever since. The GOCE High-level Processing Facility (HPF) by ESA has published GOCE global gravity field models annually. We compared all of the 13 HPF-models as well as 3 additional GOCE, 12 GRACE and 6 combined GOCE+GRACE models with GPS-levelling data and gravity observations in Finland. The most accurate models were also compared against high resolution global geoid models EGM96 and EGM2008. The models were evaluated up to four different degrees and order: 150 (the common maximum for the GRACE models), 200, 240 (the common maximum for the GOCE models) and maximum. When coefficients up to degree and order 150 are used, the results from the GOCE models are better than EGM96 (with height anomalies) and are comparable with the latest GRACE models and EGM2008. Similar results are achieved with the coefficients up to 200, as the GOCE models perform clearly better than EGM96 when comparing with the GPS-levelling datasets. When coefficients up to 240 or maximum are used the results of the GOCE-based models are comparable with the high resolution models. The best performance of the satellite-only models is not usually achieved with the maximum coefficients, since the highest coefficients (above 240) are less accurately determined.
The Effect of the Smart Board Usage in Science and Technology Lessons

Statement of Problem: In this study, in teaching the unit “electricity in our lives” in the 7th grade science and technology class, the effect of using smart boards to the students’ retention of the information is examined and compared to the 2005 Science and Technology curriculum. Purpose of the study: The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of smart board use on science education. Method: For this research, two 7th grade classes were selected, one a control group and the other the experimental group, at a Secondary School in Kastamonu Province. An achievement test of 25 questions was used as a means of collecting data related to the unit. For four weeks, the control group students studied the unit according to the 2005 Science and Technology curriculum, while the experimental group studied the unit with supporting smart board activities. The achievement test, prepared to measure the equivalence of the groups in terms of knowledge, was applied as the pre-test. The same test was also applied as the post-test to measure the achievement of both groups. Finally, in order to measure how much the students recalled the learned information, the same test was applied a third time as a retention success test four weeks later. The resulting data was analysed with the SPSS 20 statistical software package, and the t-test was used in the evaluation of the data. Findings: A significant difference in favour of the experimental group was determined between the achievement of the experimental group, in which the lessons were studied using the smart board, and the control group. Furthermore, according to the results of the permanence test applied four weeks after the application, the students’ recall rate was higher among the students of the experimental group than of those in the control group. Results: The use of smart boards in teaching 7th grade secondary school students the unit “electricity in our lives” increased the students’ achievement and retention of the information learned. As a result, students in the experimental group were more successful than the control group students. Keywords: Electricity in our lives, academic achievement, retention, 7th grade students, technology, technological classrooms.
Experimental Investigation of Water Vapor-Bubble Pump Characteristics and its Mathematical Model Reconstruction

In this research, an experimental test has been conducted to study the pumping characteristics of a vapor-bubble pump based on water properties. It also includes a trial based on the obtained experimental data to correct and reconstruct the previously developed theoretical mathematical model of this bubble pump . The mathematical model that was developed for general fluid properties can be used after modification to represent the actual behavior of the water vapor-bubble pump. Most of the bubble pump configuration parameters which may affect its performance are experimentally investigated. Three different inner tube diameters (8, 10, 12 mm) with five submergence ratios (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) are tested. The results showed that the bubble pump capacity increases with the thermal energy processed and continue to increase up to a maximum value then begin to decline. Each tube diameter has its own maximum discharge; the bigger tube diameter gives higher maximum discharge which is in turn increases with the increasing of submergence ratio. The experimental results of the pumping capacity are compared with those obtained from the mathematical model . Then the mathematical model is reconstructed by adding a correcting factor (K). This factor is necessary to account for the discrepancies that observed between the experimental and the theoretical results. The margin of error between the results of the resulting corrected mathematical model and the results of the practical test was acceptable and it can use this new model to analyze the performance of the bubble pump.
Nobody Home: The Effect of Maternal Labor Force Participation on Long-Term Child Outcomes

We investigate how mother’s employment during childhood affects long term child outcomes. We utilize rich longitudinal data from Norway covering the entire Norwegian population between the years 1970 to 2007. The data allows us to match all family members and to measure maternal labor force participation throughout the child’s entire childhood. Our empirical approach exploits the variation in exposure to a working mother that exists across older and younger siblings in different family types. We compare sibling differences in families where the mother enters the labor force when the children are older and where the mother remains employed full time thereafter, to sibling differences in families where the mother remains out of the labor force during the entirety of her children’s adolescent years. Our identification strategy is, therefore, in the spirit of traditional difference-in-differences, the first difference pertaining to the differences in children’s ages within a family and the second pertaining to different family types. The analysis suggests that maternal labor force participation has significant and negative effects on years of education and labor market outcomes. However, the effects are small, which supports the notion that maternal labor force participation has, on average, a small effect on long-term outcomes for children.
Influence of Demographic Factors on Investment Performance

Investment involves commitment of money with the expectation of earning additional return. Investment performance generally indicates the outcome of an investment programme and it depends on several factors. When making investment different type of investors behave in different manner. Thus it is important to examine the influence of demographic factors of investors on investment performance. The objective of the study is to investigate the influence of demographic factors on the investment performance of household investors in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The respondents of the study were 1810 household investors in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, who were selected under proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed with the support of analytical tools of independent t - test and one way ANOVA test. The results of the study reveal that gender, age, educational qualification, occupation and income of investors influence the investment performance whereas marital status of investors has no influence on investment performance. Based on the findings it is recommended to conduct investment training and awareness programme and to design new financial products and services which are particularly appropriate to specific segment of investors.
Hidden Universality in the Merger Rate Distribution in the Primordial Black Hole Scenario

It has been proposed that primordial black holes (PBHs) form binaries in the radiation dominated era. Once formed, some fraction of them may merge within the age of the universe by gravitational radiation reaction. We investigate the merger rate of the PBH binaries when the PBHs have a distribution of masses around , which is a generalization of the previous studies where the PBHs are assumed to have the same mass. After deriving a formula for the merger time probability distribution in the PBH mass plane, we evaluate it under two different approximations. We identify a quantity constructed from the mass distribution of the merger rate density per unit cosmic time and comoving volume , , which universally satisfies 0.97 ≲ α ≲ 1.05 for all binary masses independently of the PBH mass function. This result suggests that the measurement of this quantity is useful for testing the PBH scenario.
Do It Right: Developmentally Appropriate Beliefs and Practice of Jordanian Kindergarten Teachers

The purpose of this case study was to explore how 5 kindergarten teachers reflected developmentally appropriate beliefs in practice at urban public schools in the north of Jordan. Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) is a research-based framework for early childhood education that focuses on vital development of the child as a human being and the educative practice that promotes child development as described by National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). The participants in this case study included 5 kindergarten teachers who volunteered after being identified as a purposeful group to participate in this study. This case study sought to answer the research central question, how do 5 kindergarten teachers reflect developmentally appropriate beliefs through teaching practice at urban public schools in the north of Jordan? The central research question was followed by five research sub-questions. Data were collected through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and documentary materials. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Interview transcripts, observations, and field notes were analyzed to provide a rich, thick description (Geertz, 1973). Data analysis revealed five themes that were identified from the cases regarding the explored DAP beliefs and practice by the kindergarten teacher included: (a) beliefs guide practice; (b) enhanced learning and development; (c) ensured success; (d) achieved challenges; and (e) reflected upon obstacles to DAP. These themes were composed into a narrative description that corresponded with the findings to the research questions. Lessons learned from this study may be transferable to other kindergarten teachers interested in improving DAP practice (Lincoln & Guba, 1985).
UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

Very high and complex structures need to be able to withstand the external loads imposed by nature, at least to the extent that the disastrous damage of natural forces is reduced to acceptable limits. One of such structures are oil platforms that are exposed to the influence of strong winds due to their location on the open sea. Accurate assessment and prediction of wind loads are very important for reducing adverse effects. The current methods used for studying wind effects around objects are measurements on existing objects and measurements in wind tunnels. However they are complex and expensive. Due to the rapid development of computer technology, the unavoidable segment of complex fluid flow analysis is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which is becoming an alternative method. In this thesis, the open source CFD package foam-extend is used to simulate incompressible flow around two different Paired-Column Semi submersible platform models (Test D and Test J). The 3D CAD models were obtained from SNAME OC-8 Comparative Wind Load Study. Numerical simulations are performed for four different cases. Each of the models are simulated with two different approaches of turbulence modelling, RANS and LES. The results of numerical simulations are presented as images of the flow field for different variables. A comparison of the atmospheric boundary layer obtained from simulations and in the wind tunnel is shown. The values of force coefficient and moment coefficients are also compared with the values obtained in the wind tunnel.