Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report of Albifimbria verrucaria and Deconica coprophila (Syn: Psylocybe coprophila) from Field Soil in Korea

During a survey of fungal diversity in Korea, two fungal strains, KNU17-1 and KNU17-199, were isolated from paddy field soil in Yangpyeong and Sancheong, respectively, in Korea. These fungal isolates were analyzed based on their morphological characteristics and the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences. On the basis of their morphology and phylogeny, KNU17-1 and KNU17-199 isolates were identified as Albifimbria verrucaria and Deconica coprophila, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, A. verrucaria and D. coprophila have not yet been reported in Korea. Thus, this is the first report of these species in Korea.
CEO Risk Preferences and Corporate Hedging Decisions : A Multiyear Analysis

Theory and previous empirical studies suggest that CEO risk preferences affect hedging. We challenge this idea in a 5-year time series setting by using inside debt (i.e., CEO pension and deferred compensation) and the CEO Vega and CEO Delta, as proxies of CEO risk preferences, and document that neither risk-averse (i.e., debt like compensation) nor risk-seeking (i.e., convex compensation) inducing CEO compensation packages influence corporate hedging. Moreover, we find CEOs who have more previous work experience and high job tenure to be positively related to hedging.
Burden Experienced by Family Caregivers of Patients with Mental Disorders

Family caregivers are regarded as backbones of the health care system. This descriptive-analytic research was carried out on a randomized sample of 125 family caregiver in Zahedan Mental Health Center. The data was collected using the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI; Zarit, Todd, and Zarit, 1986). 73.6% of family caregivers in this study experienced a moderate to severe level of burden. The study concludes that, professional interventions should be offered especially to those caregivers of patients with mental disorders who experienced moderate to severe level of burden.
THE EFFECTS OF PARTICLE SIZE AND PRESSUREON THE COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CERBERA MANGHAS LEAF

Cerbera Manghas is a plant that is often used as urban greening so that this plant has the potential to be developed into a source of alternative fuel in Indonesia. The material of solid fuel briquette is waste leaves of Cerbera Manghas tree and tapioca flour are used as binder material. The composition of this briquette is 10% mass of tapioca flour and 90% mass of Cerbera Manghaswaste leaves. The highest heating value (HHV) of this briquette is 4167 Kcal/kg. The particle size of this briquette affects the physical and burning characteristics. This optimizesresearch particle size and pressure of the press machine during the briquette forming process. The two parameters were evaluated for the combustion characteristics include Flame temperature, Ignition timing, Burning time, and Combustion rate. The higher value of flame temperature, ignition time and burning time are caused by the greater the hydraulic pressure. Besides better the briquettes’quality are obtained the smaller of combustion rate, so that the briquettes are more durable and required the ignition time length. The best briquettes of Cerbera Manghas leaves are those with particle size of 60 mesh and forming pressure of 2 MPa, which have a flame temperature of 522°C, an ignition time 268 second, a burning time of 7293 second, and a combustion rate of 0.0026 gr/s.
Determinants of Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices at Household Level in Aletawendo District, Sidama Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia

It is attested by various studies that implementation of soil and water conservation technologies is a must to tackle an ever expanding degradation in farmlands and marginal lands and to increase soil fertility. However, there is a gap in adoption of these technologies in Aletawendo district to the extent it should be. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate determinants of adoption decision of farmers. To achieve this objective, both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 372 farm households and 25 natural resources management experts found in the district. Secondary data were collected from different published and unpublished sources. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric model (logit model) with the help of STATA computer program. The study result indicated that seven variables were affecting adoption decision of farmers significantly and positively. These were education level of the household head, training participation, total income, perception of farmers for SWCs, preference of farmers, extension contact, and land ownership certificate.
Various salt hyperaccumulator plants collected from semi arid saline areas of North-West India-Haryana and Rajasthan like Arundo donax

Various salt hyperaccumulator plants collected from semi arid saline areas of North-West India Haryana and Rajasthan like Arundo donax, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex lentiformis, Atriplex amnicola, Haloxylon recurvum, Heliotropium eichwaldi, Portulaca oleracea, Salsola baryosma, Suaeda fruticosa and Suaeda nudiflora were found promising and shortlisted after extensive experimentation in the laboratory and screen house studies dealing with various salt hyperaccumulator characteristics like soil ECe and comparative total salt ion accumulation in the soil vis-à-vis above ground biomass. These were grown in salinity microplots using artificially saline soil of 8 and 16 dSm-1 of salinity. Various plant growth parameters like cumulative shoot length at the time of harvesting at vegetative stage, fresh / dry shoot biomass, ash content , total organic matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), phytoaccumulation of salt ions in above ground biomass, total salt ionic content left in the soil after harvesting, decrease in soil ECe per year, per cent remediation, salt accumulation in above ground biomass and deduced phytoremedaition of these potential salt hyperaccumulator plants were calculated. Our estimates showed that best salt hyperaccumulators were in the order of Suaeda fruticosa, Suaeda nudiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Atriplex amnicola, Atriplex lentiformis and Haloxylon recurvum which could phytoextract 32.72, 32.70, 29.04, 20.63, 20.58 and 18.11 kg salts ha-1 year-1 at 8 dSm-1 and Suaeda nudiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Haloxylon recurvum and Atriplex lentiformis could accumulate 101.39,89.44,74.76,66.77,62.10 and 60.67 kg toxic salts ha-1 year-1 in their above ground biomass at 16 dSm-1 of salinity, respectively. It is deduced that time taken for phytoremediation of soil salinity up to safe level of 2 dSm-1 was 1.66 to 2.37 years for 8 dSm-1 and it was 4.89 to 6 years for 16 dSm-1 of soil salinity
The Protective Effect of Propofol on Airway in Asthmatic Patients

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway characterized by intermittent airway obstruction and reversible airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). It presents a major public health problem with increasing prevalence rates and severity worldwide [1]. According to the data from World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), 235-300 million people currently suffer from asthma as of 2011 and approximately 250,000 people die per year from asthma [2,3]. The global prevalence of asthma have increased significantly during the past few decades [4,5]. According to national center for health statistics (NCHS), asthma prevalence increased from 7.3% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2010 in the United States [6]. Surgeries may be inevitable in some asthmatic patients. About 10.2% of asthmatic patients with no pretreatment suffered from perioperative asthmatic attack and might result in severe complications (such as hypoxemia, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pulmonary barotraumain, prolonged intubation, atelectasis, mucus plugging and so on) [7]. The incidence of these peri-operative complications in asthmatic populations reaches up to 30%, which is much higher than that in healthy patients [8,9]. Because of the airway hyperreactivity, bronchospasm may easily be induced by direct airway stimuli (such as laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation, airway suctioning, tracheal extubation and so on), drugs, inadequate depth of anesthesia, surgical stimuli and perioperative complications such as aspiration, infection, or trauma. Therefore, apart from prophylactic treatment of asthma before surgeries, it is vital for anesthesiologists to choose Abstract
Perception in Infancy : A Foundation for Language Acquisition 1

We discuss the development of speech perception and its contribution to the acquisition of the native language(s) during the first year of life, reviewing recent empirical evidence as well as current theoretical debates. We situate the discussion in an epigenetic framework in an attempt to transcend the traditional nature/nurture controversy. As we illustrate, some perceptual and learning mechanisms are best described as experience-expectant processes, embedded in our biology and awaiting minimal environmental input, while others are experience-dependent, emerging as a function of sufficient exposure and learning. We argue for a cascading model of development, whereby the initial biases guide learning and constrain the influence of the environmental input. To illustrate this, we first review the perceptual abilities of newborn infants, then discuss how these broad-based abilities are attuned to the native language at different levels (phonology, syntax, lexicon etc.).
Consumers ' Attitude and Purchase Intention towards Counterfeit Products : Empirical Evidence from Uttarakhand State

Globalization, increase in world trade, emerging new markets, technology advancements and the increase in goods those are worth imitating have all contributed to the catalytic growth of counterfeiting across the globe. Globally, sales of counterfeit goods were approximately $300 billion in 2009 and are expected to increase annually due to strong demand (Gentry et al., 2006; OECD, 2007). Counterfeiting is the unauthorized representation of a trademarked brand which is closely similar or identical to genuine articles, including packaging, labeling and trademarks, but normally lowers in performance, reliability, and quality, intended to pass off as the original product (Ang et al., 2001). This unauthorized manufacturing and selling of goods may cause the loss in sales, damages the brand image, loss of goodwill and customer's trust and consequently leads to the failure of the organization. International chamber of commerce estimates that counterfeits worth $750 billion per year globally and holds more than 7-10 % of total trade in the world (ICC, 2011).
How Price Sensitive is Primary and Secondary School Enrollment ? Evidence from Nationwide Tuition Fee Reforms in South Africa ∗

This paper advances the literature on education demand in developing countries by studying a policy of nationwide primary and secondary school fee eliminations in South Africa. I identify the effect of fee elimination on enrollment behavior using a staggered implementation pattern in which fees were first eliminated for schools located in high poverty neighborhoods. I find that fee elimination has a very small effect on enrollment, grade progression, per-student school resources, and the socio-economic profile of the enrolled students. I am able to reject enrollment increases of more than 3 students per school (1% of baseline enrollment), which implies highly price insensitive demand for enrollment in this setting. The results are robust to accounting for selection into fee elimination on schools’ observed or unobserved characteristics, differential time trends between fee-eliminating and fee-charging schools, and student transfers between fee-charging and fee-eliminating schools. The price insensitive demand does not appear to be driven by ceiling effects on enrollment, capacity constraints in schools, or negative effects of fee elimination on school resources. I argue that the pattern of results may reflect low valuation of additional years of education by youths living near fee-eliminating schools.
Myxomatosis and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease: A 30-Year Study of the Occurrence on Commercial Farms in Spain

Simple Summary Myxomatosis has affected the European domestic rabbit in Spain since the end of 1953; and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) since mid-1988. In this study, we describe the occurrence of myxomatosis; and RHD; on commercial rabbitries visited in Spain; between 1988 and 2018. Annual occurrence of myxomatosis decreased over 30 years. Cases of myxomatosis were detected most frequently between August and March; more cases occurring in September and fewer in June. Two important RHD epidemics occurred; the first in 1988–1989 due to classic RHD virus (RHDV), and the second from 2011 to 2013 due to new calicivirus (RHDVb/RHDV2). Monthly occurrence of RHD in 2011–2018 was higher from April to August. Despite seasonal variations of these diseases; we recommend that young breeders and adults should be protected by vaccination all year round; and on-farm hygiene measures implemented Abstract In this retrospective study, we describe the relative occurrence of clinical myxomatosis, and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), on 1714 commercial farms visited in Spain, between 1988 and 2018. We determined the annual prevalence based on 817 visits to 394 farms affected by myxomatosis. Myxomatosis was more prevalent from August to March, being lowest in June (3%) and highest in September (8.9%). With regard to RHD, we assessed 253 visits to 156 affected farms. We analyzed mean annual and monthly incidence. Two important RHD epidemics occurred; the first in 1988–1989 due to RHDV GI.1 (also known as RHDV), and the second from 2011 to 2013 due to RHDV GI.2 (RHDV2 or RHDVb). These epidemics occurred at times when effective vaccination had not been carried out. Relative monthly incidence in 2011–2018 was higher from April to August (p < 0.001). The results we obtained from 1404 necropsies on 102 farms did not clearly relate serosanguinous nasal discharge in rabbits with disease caused by GI.2 infection. We also assessed vaccination schedules used on 200 doe farms visited from the end of 2014 to 2018; 95.5% vaccinated against myxomatosis and 97.5% against RHD. Both diseases remain prevalent; however, effective vaccination has produced a steady decline in myxomatosis and RHDV GI.1 and GI.2 on-farm detection. The maintenance of high hygienic standards will be needed to continue and improve this control. However, further studies are required to investigate the causes of sustained virus presence and vaccine breaks.
Vigilância epidemiológica no sistema local de saúde

Se trata de un estudio calitativo, que procura analizar la organizacion de Vigilancia Epidemiologica (VE) en el sistema local de salud de Feira de Santana-BA, de 1997 a 2001, considerando: estructura organizacional, recursos disponibles (humanos y materiales), planeamiento, ejecucion de las acciones y articulacion intra, interinstitucional e intersectorial, teniendo en cuenta la insercion del municipio en la Gestion Plena de Atencion Basica La recogida de datos se realizo en 3 etapas: analisis documental, entrevistas semiestructuradas y observacion directa con el equipo de VE. Los resultados apuntan que la organizacion VE ha tenido cambios frecuentes de gestores y como la estructura se centra en la SMS da prioridad a programas de accion desarticulados de la red de servicios. Se notan avances en la infraestructura, aunque se carece de equipamientos y exista deficiencia en la capacitacion de los recursos humanos. La transformacion del modelo de atencion a la salud ocurrira cuando los profesionales de la salud, los gestores y los usuarios consoliden su voluntad politica de transformar la practica de los servicios de la salud.
RAPPORT Solving implicit differential equations on parallel computers

We construct and analyse three methods for solving initial value problems for implicit differential equations (IDEs) on parallel computer systems. The first IDE method can be applied to general IDEs of higher index, the other two methods can be applied to partitioned (or semi-explicit) IDEs. The partitioned IDE methods both exploit the special form of the problem and often converge faster than the general IDE method. The first partitioned IDE method is suitable for higher-index problems, the second partitioned IDE method only applies to index 1 problems, but possesses more parallelism across the method. The convergence of these methods is illustrated by solving implicit IDEs of index 0 until 3 that are taken from the literature. CR Subject Classification (1991): G.1. 7
Testosterone hormone level in albino rats following restraint stress of long duration

The present study reports the effect of chronic restraint stress on the serum testosterone level. The rats were exposed to restraint stress for 4hrs. a day for 2 months. After that they were sacrificed, blood sample was taken directly from the heart and serum testosterone level was estimated which revealed marked suppression. Histological study of testis was also done which showed marked suppression of spermatogenesis. Leyding cells showed increase of cytoplasmic vacoulation that indicates the suppressed activity of these cells.
Guliyev Generalized weighted Morrey spaces and higher order commutators of sublinear operators

[1] D.R. Adams, “A note on Riesz potentials”, Duke Math., 42 (1975), 765–778 MathSciNet Zentralblatt MATH [2] A. Akbulut, I. Ekincioglu, A. Serbetci, T. Tararykova, “Boundedness of the anisotropic fractional maximal operator in anisotropic local Morrey-type spaces”, Eurasian Mathematical Journal, 2:2 (2011), 5–30 Math-Net.Ru MathSciNet Zentralblatt MATH [3] A. Akbulut, V. S. Guliyev, R. Mustafayev, “On the boundedness of the maximal operator and singular integral operators in generalized Morrey spaces”, Mathematica Bohemica, 137:1 (2012), 27–43 MathSciNet Zentralblatt MATH [4] V. I. Burenkov, V. S. Guliyev, “Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the Riesz potential in local Morrey-type spaces”, Potential Anal. , 30:3 (2009), 211–249 MathSciNet Zentralblatt MATH [5] V. I. Burenkov, V. S. Guliyev, A. Serbetci, T. V. Tararykova, “Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of genuine singular integrals in local Morreytype spaces”, Eurasian Mathematical Journal, 1:1 (2010), 32–53 Math-Net.Ru MathSciNet Zentralblatt MATH [6] S. Chanillo, “A note on commutators”, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 23 (1982), 7–16 MathSciNet [7] M. Carro, L. Pick, J. Soria, V.D. Stepanov, “On embeddings between classical Lorentz spaces”, Math. Inequal. Appl. , 4:3 (2001), 397–428 MathSciNet Zentralblatt MATH
A Non-asymptotic comparison of SVRG and SGD: tradeoffs between compute and speed

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD), which trades off noisy gradient updates for computational efficiency, is the de-facto optimization algorithm to solve largescale machine learning problems. SGD can make rapid learning progress by performing updates using subsampled training data, but the noisy updates also lead to slow asymptotic convergence. Several variance reduction algorithms, such as SVRG, introduce control variates to obtain a lower variance gradient estimate and faster convergence. Despite their appealing asymptotic guarantees, SVRG-like algorithms have not been widely adopted in deep learning. The traditional asymptotic analysis in stochastic optimization provides limited insight into training deep learning models under a fixed number of epochs. In this paper, we present a non-asymptotic analysis of SVRG under a noisy least squares regression problem. Our primary focus is to compare the exact loss of SVRG to that of SGD at each iteration t. We show that the learning dynamics of our regression model closely matches with that of neural networks on MNIST and CIFAR-10 for both the underparameterized and the overparameterized models. Our analysis and experimental results suggest there is a trade-off between the computational cost and the convergence speed in underparametrized neural networks. SVRG outperforms SGD after the first few epochs in this regime. However, SGD is shown to always outperform SVRG in the overparameterized regime.
Uprooting the Falcon Tree ? How to Recover Secret Keys from Gram – Schmidt Norms

In this paper, we initiate the study of side-channel leakage in hash-and-sign lattice-based signatures, with particular emphasis on the two efficient implementations of the original GPV latticetrapdoor paradigm for signatures, namely NIST second-round candidate FALCON and its simpler predecessor DLP. Both of these schemes implement the GPV signature scheme over NTRU lattices, achieving great speed-ups over the general lattice case. Our results are mainly threefold. First, we identify a specific source of side-channel leakage in most implementations of those schemes. Signing in lattice-based hash-and-sign schemes involves sampling a lattice point according to a Gaussian distribution. This reduces to sampling several one-dimensional discrete Gaussian distributions with standard deviations determined by the Gram–Schmidt norms of the secret lattice basis. Our observation is that those norms often leak through timing side-channels in the implementation of the onedimensional Gaussian samplers. Second, we elucidate the link between this leakage and the secret key, by showing that the entire secret key can be efficiently reconstructed solely from those Gram–Schmidt norms. The result makes heavy use of the algebraic structure of the corresponding schemes, which work over a power-of-two cyclotomic field. To establish it, we propose efficient algorithms of independent interest which, given the leading principal minors of the matrix associated to a totally positive field element (in the power basis for DLP and the bit-reversed order basis for FALCON) recover the element up to conjugation. In the case of those schemes, that element is ff̄ + gḡ, where (f, g) is the NTRU-style secret key. We then show that this element combined with the verification key suffices to recover the entire secret efficiently. Third, we concretely demonstrate the side-channel attack against DLP. The challenge is that timing information only provides an approximation of the Gram–Schmidt norms (with an accuracy increasing with the number of traces), and our algebraic recovery technique needs to be combined with pruned tree search in order to apply it to approximated values. Experimentally, we show that around 2 DLP traces are enough to reconstruct the entire key with good probability. Carrying out a similar experiment against FALCON is left as an open problem, however, since the recursive nature of our bit-reversed order recovery algorithm does not accommodate approximate inputs easily. Nevertheless, our results do underscore the importance of constant time implementations particularly for schemes using Gaussian sampling.