Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversion to Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Viremia in Seroconverted Adult Meat-Type Chickens Exposed to Chronic Stress by Adrenocorticotrophin Treatment

SUMMARY. Chickens infected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV J) early in posthatch life develop viremia followed by a neutralizing antibody (Nab) response that may or may not be able to clear the viremia. Occasionally, chickens that do clear viremia by developing an efficient Nab response revert to viremia, and the factors responsible for this reversion are not clear. In this study, it was hypothesized that stress can cause seroconverted viremia-free chickens to revert to viremia. Adult (52-wk-old) male commercial meat-type chickens that were exposed to ALV J at hatch and had since cleared viremia and remained viremia-free for up to 40 wk, when subjected to chronic stress (for 14 days) induced by porcine adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), reverted to viremia and cloacal shedding (2/6 [33%]). However, chickens that were contact-exposed to ALV J at 32 wk of age and had seroconverted failed to revert to viremia when subjected to similar chronic stress. Stress did not increase the susceptibility of adult meat-type chickens to ALV J infection by contact exposure. The lack of statistical significance due to the small sample size is a limitation of this study. However, in general, the results suggest that treatment of chickens with ACTH can cause reversion of viremia and cloacal shedding in ALV J–seroconverted adult male chickens that had been exposed to the virus at hatch, but not in chickens that were contact-exposed at 32 wk of age. The results warrant further studies with greater sample size to examine the role of stress in ALV J epidemiology.
Attracting Shoppers To Shopping Malls: The Malaysian Perspective

Competition among shopping malls has led retailers to consider key factors of motivating patrons to shop at their malls and stay longer. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors that influence Malaysians to visit shopping malls. A survey was conducted to assess mall-directed shopping habits and patrons shopping motivation. A total of 317 respondents took part in the survey in the shopping malls located in Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was used as the main instrument in this survey. The results show that Malaysian shoppers are motivated to visit malls because of the ambience, interior design of the malls, convenience, accessibility and promotion. Evidence shows that there is a strong relationship between shopping mall characteristics and actual action of shoppers in visiting shopping malls. In summary, the results of the study have several implications that will be beneficial for retail industry, especially shopping mall retailers.
Supramolecular assembly of basement membranes

Basement membranes are thin sheets of extracellular proteins situated in close contact with cells at various locations in the body. They have a great influence on tissue compartmentalization and cellular phenotypes from early embryonic development onwards. The major constituents of all basement membranes are collagen IV and laminin, which both exist as multiple isoforms and each form a huge irregular network by self assembly. These networks are connected by nidogen, which also binds to several other components (proteoglycans, fibulins). Basement membranes are connected to cells by several receptors of the integrin family, which bind preferentially to laminins and collagen IV, and via some lectin‐type interactions. The formation of basement membranes requires cooperation between different cell types since nidogen, for example, is usually synthesized by cells other than those exposed to the basement membranes. Thus many molecular interactions, of variable affinities, determine the final shape of basement membranes and their preferred subanatomical localization.
Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship

Summary Citing the potential benefits of a more entrepreneurial labor market, governments and economic actors around the world have instituted programs to help foster entrepreneurship. There is a vast array of potential policy tools available and utilized to varying degrees across countries to help stimulate small business growth. Given the importance of taxation it is not surprising that the interplay between tax policy and entrepreneurial activity has received a great deal of attention in the economics literature. However, because this topic overlaps several areas of economic research, much of the work that has been done is fragmented. This paper pulls together the various strains of research to illustrate the current state of knowledge regarding the impacts of taxation on entrepreneurship and to identify areas in which additional research is particularly warranted.
Neurocognitive deficits in alcoholics and social drinkers: a continuum?

Our research program has investigated neurocognitive deficits in sober alcoholics for several decades. We have shown that both male and female adult alcoholics--compared with peer nonalcoholic controls--have deficits on tests of learning, memory, abstracting, problem-solving, perceptual analysis and synthesis, speed of information processing, and efficiency. The deficits are equivalent to those found in patients with known brain dysfunction of a mild to moderate nature. Attempts to identify factors other than alcoholism to account for these differences have been unsuccessful. The deficits appear to remit slowly over 4 to 5 years. Relapse of recovering alcoholics is predicted by behavioral (e.g., depressive symptoms and neurocognitive performance) and biological measures (e.g., event-related potentials) obtained at the end of treatment. Results of recent studies support the hypothesis of a continuum of neurocognitive deficits ranging from the severe deficits found in Korsakoff patients to moderate deficits found in alcoholics and moderate to mild deficits in heavy social drinkers (more than 21 drinks/week). Individual differences in the presence and magnitude of neurocognitive deficits in social drinkers and alcoholics are hypothesized to be due, in part, to individual differences in vulnerability of the brain to alcohol or its metabolites' toxic effects.
Export Marketing Orientation in Small Firms

The purpose of this article is to test empirically the hypothesis that managers of small firms are less export-oriented than those of larger firms. Testing was done by using data gathered by the author through personal interviews and a structured questionnaire from a sample of Canadian manufacturing firms which comprised exporters and non-exporters of various size. The results showed substantial similarity between small and large firms in terms of both managerial export-orientation and actual export involvement (exports as a ratio of total sales) of sample firms. Some proable reasons explaining this finding are given in the concluding section.
Dental and oral lesions in HIV infected patients: a study in Brazil.

AIM To determine the prevalence of dental and oral lesions, as well as treatment need, in a group of HIV sero-positive Brazilians. In addition, to test the association between oral manifestation of HIV infection and age, sex, mode of transmission and drug therapy. METHOD All HIV seropositive patients attending a dedicated dental clinic in Recife were invited to participate in the study. They were all examined by one trained and calibrated examiner and interviewed by one trained interviewer. RESULTS 161 of 204 patients (78.9%) agreed to participate in this study. Most of the participants were male (76%), had acquired HIV sexually (74.5%), and were taking some form of antiretroviral therapy (70.8%). 33.5% had one or more oral manifestation of HIV. Candidiasis was the most common (28.6%), followed by hairy leukoplakia (9.3%), Kaposi sarcoma (2.5%), ulceration (2.5%), herpes simplex (1.2%), papiloma (0.6%), and 4.4% had periodontal disease. Only 1.2% reported xerostomia. There were no differences in the prevalence of oral manifestations of HIV infection between age groups, sexes, modes of transmission and types of drug therapy (P>0.05). The mean DMF-T score was 19 (SD 8) and 78.9% needed some form of dental treatment. CONCLUSIONS While the prevalence of oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS was low in this sample of HIV seropositive Brazilians, dental status was poor and need for dental treatment was high.
Customer relationship management through business intelligence

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Primary Bipolar Arthroplasty in Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly

Unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly is a challenging surgical condition with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of bipolar arthroplasty as an alternative to the standard treatment of internal fixation. Materials and methods: 41 patients (22 females and 19 males) who had bipolar arthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures were prospectively evaluated. Modified lateral approach was used in all patients. Clinical evaluation was done using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiological follow up was done using plain X-rays. All the patients were 65 years of age or above. Follow up period ranged from (12 - 24) months. Results: During the last follow up, the Harris Hip Score ranged from 93 to 51 with a mean value 78.19. Four cases (9.76%) were excellent (91 - 100), 16 cases (39.02%) good (81 - 90), 16 cases (39.02%) fair (71 - 80) and 5 cases (12.02%) poor (= or < 70). Six cases had complications; infection (1), dislocation (1), stem loosening and subsidence (2), bleeding peptic ulcer (1) and intra-operative crack of the femur while preparing the femoral canal for implant insertion (1). Five patients died within the first year (12.19%). Four patients had revision surgery. Conclusion: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for the unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly has a reasonable clinical outcome at 2 years. It is to be considered as one of the treatment options for such injury speciality in case of fragility fractures.
Characterization of Fanconi anemia fibroblasts in terms of clonogenic survival and DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay.

BACKGROUND Response of Fanconi anemia (FA) cells to X-irradiation is controversial. Present study was undertaken to compare short-term and long-term responses of irradiated FA fibroblasts. MATERIAL/METHODS Skin fibroblasts derived from FA patients were studied using the Comet assay, clonogenic survival, apoptosis and cell cycle checkpoint arrest. Fibroblasts derived from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients served as positive controls. RESULTS The alkaline Comet assay showed that the initial DNA fragmentation in irradiated FA fibroblasts is similar to or even higher than in AT cells. Moreover, the DNA rejoining occurred slowly in FA fibroblasts than in AT cells. In contrast, the colony assay revealed that the survival of X-ray-irradiated FA fibroblasts is higher than that of irradiated AT cells. Unlike FA fibroblasts, which were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle by X-irradiation, AT cells displayed a pronounced G2/M arrest after X-ray exposure. CONCLUSIONS FA cells are shown to be radioresistant by clonogenic survival but display high tail moments in the Comet assay suggesting high initial DNA damage and reduced repair capacity. It is demonstrated that the colony assay can not explain the high radiosensitivity of FA patients. The Comet assay can help to obtain additional information on initial DNA damage and repair capacity.
Circadian and sleep/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance

SUMMARY Circadian and sleep/wake dependent processes underlying variations in subjective alertness and cognitive performance were assessed in a constant routine protocol and in a protocol in which the sleep/wake cycle was uncoupled from the output of the endogenous circadian pacemaker. In the latter protocol, the contribution of a sleep/wake dependent process and a circadian process to alertness and performance were separated by folding the data at either the period of the sleep/wake cycle or at the period of the endogenous circadian body temperature rhythm. This analysis revealed that prior wakefulness within a range of 0–18 h significantly reduced alertness and performance and that the circadian rhythm of core body temperature paralleled the circadian rhythm of alertness and performance. During the first 16 h of the constant routine protocol, which coincided with the subjects' habitual period of wakefulness, alertness and performance remained at a stable level. The latter finding was explained by assuming that during our usual waking day the circadian system counteracts the detrimental effects of increasing duration of prior wakefulness.
Early neurodevelopmental markers predictive of mortality in infants infected with HIV‐1

One‐hundred and fifty‐seven vertically infected HIV‐1 positive infants (85 males, 72 females) underwent longitudinal assessment to determine whether early neurodevelopmental markers are useful predictors of mortality in those infants who survive to at least 4 months of age. Survival analysis methods were used to estimate time to death for quartiles of 4‐month scores (baseline) on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Cox proportional hazards progression was used to estimate relative hazard (RH, 95% CI) of death for BSID scores and potential confounders. Thirty infants with BSID scores at 4 months of age died during follow‐up. Survival analysis revealed greater mortality rates in infants with BSID (Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index) scores in the lower quartile(p=0.004,p=0.036). Unadjusted univariate analyses revealed increased mortality associated with baseline CD4+ 29%, gestational age <37 weeks, smaller head circumference, advanced HIV and higher plasma viral load. BSID scores independently predicted mortality after adjusting for treatment, clinical category, gestational age, plasma viral load and CD4+ percentage.
Typology of Adjectives Benchmark for Compositional Distributional Models

In this paper we present a novel application of compositional distributional semantic models (CDSMs): prediction of lexical typology. The paper introduces the notion of typological closeness, which is a novel rigorous formalization of semantic similarity based on comparison of multilingual data. Starting from the Moscow Database of Qualitative Features for adjective typology, we create four datasets of typological closeness, on which we test a range of distributional semantic models. We show that, on the one hand, vector representations of phrases based on data from one language can be used to predict how words within the phrase translate into different languages, and, on the other hand, that typological data can serve as a semantic benchmark for distributional models. We find that compositional distributional models, especially parametric ones, perform way above non-compositional alternatives on the task.
Asymmetrical Preference Formation in Willingness to Pay Estimates in Discrete Choice Models

This paper describes how, individuals, when faced with choices amongst a number of alternatives often adopt a variety of processing rules, ranging from simple linear to complex non-linear treatment of each attribute defining the offer of each alternative. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the choice process as a basis of understanding how best to represent attributes in choice outcome models. In this paper, in the context of choice amongst tolled and non-tolled routes, the paper will investigate the presence of asymmetry in preferences, drawing on ideas from prospect theory to test for framing effects and differential willingness to pay according to whether we are valuing gains or losses. The findings offer clear evidence of an asymmetrical response to increases and decreases in attributes when compared to the corresponding values for a reference alternative. The degree of asymmetry varies across attributes and population segments, but crucially is independent of the inclusion or otherwise of an additional (inertia) constant for the reference alternative, contrary to earlier findings.
Bioabsorbable Rods in Salter's Osteotomy

Salter's innominate osteotomy is a commonly used procedure in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. The graft is usually fixed with two K-wires that are removed surgically 6 weeks later. The use of bioabsorbable rods to fix the graft saves patients further surgery for removal of wires and ensures a better scar. This paper reports for the first time the successful use of bioabsorbable self-reinforced polyglycolic acid rods for fixing the graft of Salter's innominate osteotomy in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip, and describes the suggested operative technique for their use.
Newspapers in the Digital Age: Antecedent Factors of Information Media Use

The present study seeks to shed light on the future of Newspapers, given the changes in consumer behavior and the advent of new media. The objective of the study is to propose and test a model that allows us to understand the factors that impact the use of information media. A survey was conducted with 1,000 Brazilian consumers of information and the results indicate that Convenience, Entertainment, Accessibility and Content are the key variables driving information media use. The model explains more than 91% of Satisfaction’s variance, 87% of current Use and 67% of intentions to use in the Future.
Real-time Mortality Prediction in the Intensive Care Unit

Real-time prediction of mortality for intensive care unit patients has the potential to provide physicians with a simple and easily interpretable synthesis of patient acuity. Here we extract data from a random time during each patient's ICU stay. We believe this sampling scheme allows for the application of the model(s) across a future patient's entire ICU stay. The AUROC of a Gradient Boosting model was high (AUROC=0.920), even though no information about diagnosis or comorbid burden was utilized. We also compare models using data from the first 24 hours of a patient's stay against published severity of illness scores, and find the Gradient Boosting model greatly outperformed the frequently used Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (AUROC = 0.927 vs. 0.809). We nuance this performance with comparison to the literature, provide our interpretation, and discuss potential avenues for improvement.
The rs9939609 Gene Variant in FTO Modified the Metabolic Response of Weight Loss After a 3-Month Intervention With a Hypocaloric Diet

Background Common polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity in some populations. Nevertheless, the role of FTO variants on body weight response after dietary intervention remains equivocal. Objective We decided to analyze the effects of the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism on body weight changes and metabolic parameters after 3 months of a hypocaloric diet. Design Before and after 3 months on a low-fat hypocaloric diet, a white population of 106 subjects with obesity was analyzed. Results Of the study subjects, 35 (33%) had the genotype TT and 71 (67%) had the next genotypes; TA (46 study subjects, 43.4%) or AA (25 study subjects, 23.6%). After dietary treatment and in TT group, weight, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment decreases were less than subjects carrying the A allele [−3.1 (3.6) vs −2.4 (4.1) kg: P < 0.05], waist circumference [−5.4 (6.4) vs −2.6 (4.8) cm; P < 0.05], total cholesterol [−12.3 (35.3) vs −6.4 (4.7) mg/dL; P < 0.05], LDL-cholesterol [−22.3 (30.5) vs −10.7 (30.5) mg/dL; P < 0.05], insulin [−1.89 (5.5) vs +0.94 (8.2) mUI/L; P < 0.05], and homeostasis model assessment [−0.46 (1.11) vs −0.01 (2.4); P < 0.05]. Conclusions Our study confirmed a higher weight loss in A carriers of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism than in TT genotype study subjects.
Firm-Manager Match and Executive Compensation

We investigate the importance of firm-manager match effects in explaining top executive compensation. Based on a three-way mixed effect model that has been widely applied in recent labor economics studies, our analysis includes time-invariant random effects at the firm, manager and firm-manager level as determinants of executive pay. We find that 11% of the variation in executive pay is explained by firm-manager match effects, while manager effects explain 9% of the variation in executive pay. The results imply that a sizeable proportion of what was previously identified as manager effects is in fact match effects. In addition, consistent with compensation match effects capturing the compensation consequences of match-specific productivity, we find that (1) the market reacts more negatively to deaths of CEOs with higher match effects, and (2) CEOs with smaller match effects are more likely to leave the office. Furthermore, we find that match effects are positively related to two firm-manager complementarities: (1) firm size and managerial talent, and (2) diversification and general management ability. Finally, we show that compensation match effects are significantly correlated to match effects in firm performance and corporate policies.
THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET, DIVIDEND PAYOUT, AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE MODERATED BY INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP TOWARD STOCK PRICE TO INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

This research aims to answer if investment opportunity set influences the stock price, if dividend payout influences stock price, and if capital structure influences stock price moderated by institutional ownership. This research utilizes secondary data that is financial report released by Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICDM). This research was conducted from 2003 until 2011. The research sample was manufacturer companies paying dividend and the total observation for the hypothesis test was 349 units. The result showed that the improvement of investment opportunity set increased the stock price. Increase of dividend payout did not increase the stock price; this result was different with the previous research in which dividend payout increased the stock price. Increase of capital structure decreased the stock price. Increase of institutional ownership increased the stock price. Increase institutional ownership moderated the capital structure decreased the stock price.
KEPATUHAN BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP FATWA DEWAN SYARIAH NASIONAL PASCA TRANSFORMASI KE DALAM HUKUM POSITIF

The purpose of this research is to analize the Islamic Bank Commitment to implementation of fatwa Sharia National Board that has been transformed into positive law. The design of this study is qualitative approach. This field research using qualitative approach with data from interviews with the banks. The result shows that the fatwa related to Islamic banks that has been transformed into positive law can be used as a legal basis to be obeyed. The results showed that the Islamic Bank commitment to implementation of fatwa Sharia National Board has not been effective and efficient. The functions of sharia by the director of compliance to all employees of Islamic bank normatively has been implemented in accordance with the principles of compliance, the compliance culture, management risk, and the values. The role of Sharia Supervisory Board in sharia compliance monitoring system has been implemented but not optimal.