Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice.

The extended contact hypothesis proposes that knowledge that an in-group member has a close relationship with an out-group member can lead to more positive intergroup attitudes. Proposed mechanisms are the in-group or out-group member serving as positive exemplars and the inclusion of the out-group member's group membership in the self. In Studies I and 2, respondents knowing an in-group member with an out-group friend had less negative attitudes toward that out-group, even controlling for disposition.il variables and direct out-group friendships. Study 3, with constructed intergroup-conflict situations (on the robbers cave model). found reduced negative out-group attitudes after participants learned of cross-group friendships. Study 4, a minimal group experiment, showed less negative out-group attitudes for participants observing an apparent in-group-out-group friendship. The intergroup contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954; Williams, 1947) proposes that under a given set of circumstances contact between members of different groups reduces existing negative intergroup attitudes. Some recent research (reviewed below) suggests that the effect may be most clearly associated with the specific contact of a friendship relationship. The extended contact hypothesis, which we introduce here, proposes that knowledge that an in-group member has a close relationship with an out-group member can lead to more positive intergroup attitudes. This article presents the rationale for the extended contact effect, including three mechanisms by which it may operate, and four methodologically diverse studies to demonstrate the phenomenon.
Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail

Summary 1. The concept of plant functional type proposes that species can be grouped according to common responses to the environment and/or common effects on ecosystem processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as resources and disturbances (response traits), and traits that determine effects of plants on ecosystem functions (effect traits), such as biogeochemical cycling or propensity to disturbance, remains rudimentary. 2. We present a framework using concepts and results from community ecology, ecosystem ecology and evolutionary biology to provide this linkage. Ecosystem functioning is the end result of the operation of multiple environmental filters in a hierarchy of scales which, by selecting individuals with appropriate responses, result in assemblages with varying trait composition. Functional linkages and trade-offs among traits, each of which relates to one or several processes, determine whether or not filtering by different factors gives a match, and whether ecosystem effects can be easily deduced
Whole-genome linkage analysis of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility loci in 252 affected sibling pairs in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic whole-genome screen to identify regions exhibiting genetic linkage to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Two hundred fifty-two RA-affected sibling pairs from 182 UK families were genotyped using 365 highly informative microsatellite markers. Microsatellite genotyping was performed using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction primers and semiautomated DNA sequencing technology. Linkage analysis was undertaken using MAPMAKER/SIBS for single-point and multipoint analysis. RESULTS Significant linkage (maximum logarithm of odds score 4.7 [P = 0.000003] at marker D6S276, 1 cM from HLA-DRB1) was identified around the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6. Suggestive linkage (P < 7.4 x 10(-4)) was identified on chromosome 6q by single- and multipoint analysis. Ten other sites of nominal linkage (P < 0.05) were identified on chromosomes 3p, 4q, 7p, 2 regions of 10q, 2 regions of 14q, 16p, 21q, and Xq by single-point analysis and on 3 sites (1q, 14q, and 14q) by multipoint analysis. CONCLUSION Linkage to the MHC region was confirmed. Eleven non-HLA regions demonstrated evidence of suggestive or nominal linkage, but none reached the genome-wide threshold for significant linkage (P = 2.2 x 10(-5)). Results of previous genome screens have suggested that 6 of these regions may be involved in RA susceptibility.
The perceived size of coins in normal and hypnotically induced economic states.

Psychologists have generally agreed, certainly since the days of the British Empiricists, that man makes some contribution to his own perceptions. Usually this contribution has been thought of as that influence from those memories, past experiences, or traces which, coupled with the immediate sensory stimulation, gives rise to the meaning of a particular object, localized in space, with particular characteristics and uses. The basic figural organization of the perception-the organization which is responsible for the object being perceived as having a particular size, shape, and color-has been considered, however, to be dependent on the stimuluspattern and thus independent of any influence derived from the nature of the perceiver.
Model‐Based Characterization of the Pharmacokinetics of Pembrolizumab: A Humanized Anti–PD‐1 Monoclonal Antibody in Advanced Solid Tumors

Pembrolizumab, a potent antibody against programmed death 1 (PD‐1) receptor, has shown robust antitumor activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced solid tumors. Its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties were analyzed with population PK modeling using pooled data from the KEYNOTE‐001, −002, and −006 studies of patients with advanced melanoma, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and other solid tumor types. Pembrolizumab clearance was low and the volume of distribution small, as is typical for therapeutic antibodies. Identified effects of sex, baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, measures of renal and hepatic function, tumor type and burden, and prior ipilimumab treatment on pembrolizumab exposure were modest and lacked clinical significance. Furthermore, simulations demonstrated the model has robust power to detect clinically relevant covariate effects on clearance. These results support the use of the approved pembrolizumab dose of 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks without dose adjustment in a variety of patient subpopulations.
Analysis of Deaths Related to Anesthesia in the Period 1996–2004 from Closed Claims Registered by the Danish Patient Insurance Association

Background:Anesthesia is associated with complications, and some of them may be fatal. The authors investigated the circumstances under which deaths were associated with anesthesia. In Denmark, the specialty anesthesiology encompasses emergency medicine, chronic and acute pain medicine, anesthetic procedures, perioperative care medicine, and intensive care medicine. Methods:The authors retrospectively investigated anesthesia related deaths registered by the Danish Patient Insurance Association. Results:From 1996 to 2004, 27,971 claims were made by the Danish Patient Insurance Association covering all medical specialties, of which 1,256 files (4.5%) were related to anesthesia. In 24 cases, the patient’s death was considered to result from the anesthetic procedure: 4 deaths were related to airway management, 2 to ventilation management, 4 to central venous catheter placement, 4 as a result of medication errors, 4 from infusion pump problems, and 4 after complications from regional blockades. Severe hemorrhage caused 1 death, and in 1 case the cause was uncertain. Conclusions:Several of the 24 deaths could potentially have been avoided by more extended use of airway algorithm, thorough preoperative evaluation, training, education, and use of protocols for diagnosis and treatment.
Year 2000 Oncology Nursing Society Research Priorities Survey.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To determine the Oncology Nursing Society's (ONS's) research priorities for 2001-2005 for oncology nursing across the entire scope of cancer care, including prevention, detection, treatment, and palliative care. DESIGN A cross-sectional, mailed survey. SAMPLE Stratified by the general member group (i.e., a random sample of 1,850 ONS members) and researcher group (i.e., census of 150 ONS researchers). 788 responded for an overall response rate of 39%. MAIN RESARCH VARIABLES: 113 topics that were identified from the 1994 ONS Research Priority Survey questionnaire and earlier ONS Research Priority Surveys, with the addition of 20 new items to existing questionnaire categories and one new category area: health services research. FINDINGS Top 20 research priorities were distributed across six of eight questionnaire categories, and the number of top 20 priorities within categories differs. Compared to the 1994 survey, 9 topics were common to both top 20 lists; 8 were new to the top 20, and 11 dropped out of the top 20. When the researcher group and adjusted total sample group top 20 priority ratings were compared, nine topics were common to both groups. CONCLUSIONS Examining research priorities affords different perspectives to guide practice, education, research, management, and administration. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING ONS Research Priority Survey results provide an important foundation for developing future research across the entire scope of oncology nursing.
Characteristics and Health Benefits of Phytochemicals

In food science the term ‘phytochemicals' includes a variety of plant ingredients with different structures that are capable of health-promoting effects. Phytonutrients are natural substances but are not called nutrients in the traditional sense, since they are synthesized by plants neither in energy metabolism nor in anabolic or catabolic metabolism, but only in specific cell types. They differ from primary plant compounds in that they are not essential to the plant. Phytonutrients perform important tasks in the secondary metabolism of plants as repellents to pests and sunlight as well as growth regulators. They occur only in low concentrations and usually have a pharmacological effect. Since antiquity, these effects have been used in naturopathy in the form of medicinal herbs, spices, teas, and foods. With the development of highly sensitive analytical methods, a variety of these substances could be identified. These phytochemicals may have health benefits or adverse health effects, depending on the dosage. In the past, these effects were studied in cell and tissue cultures as well as in animal models. Meanwhile there are numerous epidemiological data that point to the extensive health potential of phytochemicals in humans. A high dietary intake of phytochemicals with vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, and whole grain is associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular and other diseases.
Alokasi Penggunaan Input Produksi Tebu Perkebunan Rakyat di Jawa Timur (Studi Kasus Petani Tebu Plasma PTPN XI)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi tebu; 2) Mengetahui alokasi penggunaan input-input produksi tebu optimum pada lahan sawah dan lahan tegalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 190 responden yang terdiri dari 95 petani tebu lahan sawah dan 95 petani tebu lahan tegalan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dianalisis dengan uji asumsi klasik dan uji regresi linier berganda. Alokasi penggunaan input produksi tebu optimum menggunakan metode maksimalisasi keuntungan dengan pendekatan OLS ( Ordinary Least Square ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Faktor-faktor yang meningkatkan produksi tebu yaitu luas lahan, pupuk anorganik, tenaga kerja dan sistem tanam dan varietas tebu. Sedangkan faktor yang menurunkan produksi tebu yaitu pupuk organik. 2) Penggunaan input produksi optimum pada lahan sawah ialah luas lahan 7,15 hektar, 3 kuintal pupuk anorganik, 1,37 kuintal pupuk organik dan tenaga kerja sebanyak 824 HOK. Sedangkan penggunaan input produksi pada lahan tegalan ialah luas lahan 8,34 hektar, 2,65 kuintal pupuk organik dan tenaga kerja sebanyak 880 HOK.
Depression Stigma and Treatment Preferences Among Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Jews

Abstract Anecdotal reports of increased stigma toward mental illness among Orthodox Jews seems to conflict with an existing literature describing less stigmatization toward depression among Jewish individuals. This online survey study investigated stigma toward depression and treatment preference among Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jews (N = 391). All participants were presented with a depression vignette to assess for stigma and then randomized to a vignette depicting a treatment modality (behaviorally oriented or insight oriented) to assess for treatment preference across several delivery options (individual, group, or Internet). Results indicated elevated depression stigma among Orthodox Jews as expressed by elevated levels of secrecy, treatment-seeking stigma, family/marriage stigma, and stigmatizing experiences, but not attitudinal social distancing. No group differences were found with respect to overall treatment preference, treatment modality, or manner of delivery. Overall, participants preferred individual therapy more than group and Internet therapy and preferred group therapy more than Internet therapy. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
ORAOV1-A Correlates with Poor Differentiation in Oral Cancer

Oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1) is a crucial oncogene in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we have identified a novel splice variant of ORAOV1, designated as ORAOV1-A. To study the potential role of ORAOV1-A in OSCC, we tested its expression in 7 OSCC cell lines, as well as in 19 normal oral tissue samples and 47 OSCC tissue samples. The expression of ORAOV1-A was detectable in 6 out of 7 OSCC cell lines tested. In OSCC tissue samples, the expression frequency of ORAOV1-A (51.1%) was much higher than that in normal samples (10.5%). Notably, an inverse correlation was found between the expression frequency of ORAOV1-A and the degree of differentiation in OSCC (P = 0.0017). In conclusion, our results suggested that ORAOV1-A may play a functional role in the tumorigenesis of OSCC, and ORAOV1-A expression may serve as an adjunctive prognostic indicator for persons with OSCC.
The Central Nervous System Phenotype of X-Linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

We describe 2 patients with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1 (CMTX1) disease and central nervous system manifestations and review 19 cases from the literature. Our first case had not been previously diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and the second case, although known to have Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, was suspected of having CMTX1 after presentation with central nervous system manifestations. The most common central nervous system manifestations were transient and included dysarthria, ataxia, hemiparesis, and tetraparesis resembling periodic paralysis. Of the 21 patients, 19 presented at 21 years of age or younger, implicating CMTX1 with transient central nervous system manifestations as a disorder that predominantly affects children and adolescents. CMTX1 should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with transient central nervous system phenomena, including stroke-like episodes, tetraparesis suggestive of periodic paralysis, dysarthria, ataxia, or combinations of these deficits. Reversible, bilateral, nonenhancing white matter lesions and restricted diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging are characteristic features of the central nervous system phenotype of CMTX1.
Cost considerations in the treatment of anal fissures

Anal fissure is a split in the lining of the distal anal canal. Lateral internal sphincterotomy remains the gold standard for treatment of anal fissure. Although technique is simple and effective, a drawback of this surgical procedure is its potential to cause minor but some times permanent alteration in rectal continence. Conservative approaches (such as topical application of ointment or botulinum toxin injections) have been proposed in order to treat this condition without any risk of permanent injury of the internal anal sphincter. These treatments are effective in a large number of patients. Furthermore, with the ready availability of medical therapies to induce healing of anal fissure, the risk of a first-line surgical approach is difficult to justify. The conservative treatments have a lower cost than surgery. Moreover, evaluation of the actual costs of each therapeutic option is important especially in times of economic crisis and downsizing of health spending.
Response of men with advanced prostatic carcinoma to exogenous administration of testosterone

Twenty‐six men in whom the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma had been established recently and ten men with prostatic carcinoma in relapse after orchiectomy were administered testosterone propionate. Of the measures of tumor activity that were made the only objective alteration was in the serum acid phosphatase; however, in both groups of patients the response to testosterone was extremely variable. None of the ten men in relapse experienced complete objective remission although one man, who was preterminal, developed a remarkable subjective and partial objective remission that lasted nearly a year. Another patient received testosterone for 128 days and experienced only enlargement of the primary tumor. The authors conclude that the response to exogenous testosterone is variable and unpredictable and in certain patients in relapse may be of appreciable palliative value.
Diversity of sesquiterpene synthases in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus

Fungi are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites, and mushroom‐forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are especially known for the synthesis of numerous bioactive and often cytotoxic sesquiterpenoid secondary metabolites. Compared with the large number of sesquiterpene synthases identified in plants, less than a handful of unique sesquiterpene synthases have been described from fungi. Here we describe the functional characterization of six sesquiterpene synthases (Cop1 to Cop6) and two terpene‐oxidizing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cox1 and Cox2) from Coprinus cinereus. The genes were cloned and, except for cop5, functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cop1 and Cop2 each synthesize germacrene A as the major product. Cop3 was identified as an α‐muurolene synthase, an enzyme that has not been described previously, while Cop4 synthesizes δ‐cadinene as its major product. Cop6 was originally annotated as a trichodiene synthase homologue but instead was found to catalyse the highly specific synthesis of α‐cuprenene. Coexpression of cop6 and the two monooxygenase genes next to it yields oxygenated α‐cuprenene derivatives, including cuparophenol, suggesting that these genes encode the enzymes for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial quinone sesquiterpenoids (known as lagopodins) that were previously isolated from C. cinereus and other Coprinus species.
Rotenone formulation fate in Lake Davis following the 2007 treatment

In September 2007, Lake Davis (near Portola, California) was treated by the California Department of Fish and Game with CFT Legumine, a rotenone formulation, to eradicate the invasive northern pike (Esox lucius). The objective of this report is to describe the fate of the five major formulation constituents—rotenone, rotenolone, methyl pyrrolidone (MP), diethylene glycol monethyl ether (DEGEE), and Fennedefo 99—in water, sediment, and brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus; a rotenone‐resistant species) by determination of their half‐lives (t1/2) and pseudo first‐order dissipation rate constants (k). The respective t1/2 values in water for rotenone, rotenolone, MP, DEGEE, and Fennedefo 99 were 5.6, 11.1, 4.6, 7.7, and 13.5 d; in sediments they were 31.1, 31.8, 10.0, not able to calculate, and 48.5 d; and in tissues were 6.1, 12.7, 3.7, 3.2, and 10.4 d, respectively. Components possessing low water solubility values (rotenone and rotenolone) persisted longer in sediments (not detectable after 157 d) and tissues (<212 d) compared with water, whereas the water‐miscible components (MP and DEGEE) dissipated more quickly from all matrices, except for Fennedefo 99, which was the most persistent in water (83 d). None of the constituents was found to bioaccumulate in tissues as a result of treatment. In essence, the physicochemical properties of the chemical constituents effectively dictated their fate in the lake following treatment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1032–1041. © 2012 SETAC
Immunohistochemical quantitation of 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adducts and p53 nuclear overexpression in T1 bladder cancer of smokers and nonsmokers.

An immunoperoxidase method, using a monoclonal antibody which recognizes 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP)-DNA adducts, was developed for the detection and quantitation of DNA damage in bladder tissue and applied to stored paraffin blocks of transurethral resection specimens of 46 patients with T1 bladder cancer. Mean relative staining intensity for 4-ABP-DNA adducts was significantly higher in current smokers (275 +/- 81, n = 24) compared to nonsmokers (113 +/- 71, n = 22) (P < 0.0001). There was a linear relationship between mean levels of relative staining and number of cigarettes smoked with lower levels in the 1-19 cig/day group (205 +/- 30, n = 5), compared to the 20-40 (289 +/- 40, n = 7) and the >40 cig/day group (351 +/- 57, n = 3)(P < 0.001). Nuclear overexpression of p53, analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining, was observed in 27 (59%) of the 45 stage T1 tumors analyzed. There was a significant correlation between p53 overexpression and recurrence of disease (odds ratio = 12.3, P < 0.01). Nuclear staining of p53 was also correlated with smoking status, cig/day and 4-ABP-DNA adducts. This work demonstrates that the immunohistochemical method has sufficient sensitivity for detection of 4-ABP-DNA adducts in human bladder samples. The method has several advantages including small sample size, the possibility of retrospective analysis of stored paraffin blocks, the ability to analyze binding in specific cell types, and a relatively low cost.
UTD HLTRI at TREC 2017: Precision Medicine Track

In this paper, we describe the system designed for the TREC 2017 Precision Medicine track by the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) Human Language Technology Research Institute (HLTRI). Our system incorporates an aspect-based retrieval paradigm wherein each of the four structured components of the topic is cast as a separate aspect, along with two “hidden” aspects encoding the need that retrieved documents be within the domain of precision medicine and that retrieved documents have a focus on treatment. To this end, we construct knowledge graph encoding the relationships be-tween drugs, genes, and mutations. Our experiments reveal that the aspect-based approach leads to improved quality of retrieved scientific articles and clinical trials.