Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of a charge-ordered indium halide perovskite

Significance Metal halide perovskites attract great interest for a wide range of applications due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. The development of environmentally friendly halide perovskite materials with various crystal structures and compositions offers unprecedented opportunities to achieve desired properties and applications. In this work, we demonstrated an In-based, charge-ordered all-inorganic halide double perovskite with the composition of Cs2In(I)In(III)Cl6 synthesized by solid-state reaction. High-pressure optical properties were studied, and a pressure-driven, fully reversible semiconductor–metal phase transition was discovered. This In-based charge-ordered structure may inspire new understanding of halide perovskite as well as provide a platform for future discovery of exotic electronic phenomena such as high-TC superconductivity in halide perovskite compounds. Phase transitions in halide perovskites triggered by external stimuli generate significantly different material properties, providing a great opportunity for broad applications. Here, we demonstrate an In-based, charge-ordered (In+/In3+) inorganic halide perovskite with the composition of Cs2In(I)In(III)Cl6 in which a pressure-driven semiconductor-to-metal phase transition exists. The single crystals, synthesized via a solid-state reaction method, crystallize in a distorted perovskite structure with space group I4/m with a = 17.2604(12) Å, c = 11.0113(16) Å if both the strong reflections and superstructures are considered. The supercell was further confirmed by rotation electron diffraction measurement. The pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition was demonstrated by high-pressure Raman and absorbance spectroscopies and was consistent with theoretical modeling. This type of charge-ordered inorganic halide perovskite with a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition may inspire a range of potential applications.
One-Pot Cu/TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesis for Trans-Ferulic Acid Conversion into Vanillin

In this study, the co-synthesis of TiO2 and Cu metallic nanoparticles obtained via one-pot cost-efficient hydrothermal process has been addressed. Different nanocatalysts with Cu contents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The TiO2 and Cu metallic nanoparticles were synthesized with copper loading up to one (Cu/Ti atomic ratio). Synthesized catalysts exhibited pore sizes in the mesoporous range and high surface areas above 150 m2/g. The particle size for TiO2 presented a homogeneous distribution of approximately 8 nm, moreover, Cu nanoparticles varied from 12 to >100 nm depending on the metal loading. The nanostructured materials were successfully tested in the conversion of trans-ferulic acid into vanillin under sustainable conditions, achieving the best performance for 0.3 Cu/Ti atomic ratio (70% vanillin yield).
Diabetes Prevention: Vitamin D Supplementation May Not Provide Any Protection If There Is No Evidence of Deficiency!

The results of epidemiological and several interventional studies suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of developing insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Various studies have indicated that a lack of vitamin D must be regarded as a pathogenic factor for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, since a vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) increases insulin resistance and reduces insulin secretion from beta cells in the pancreas. A recent study by Pittas et al. did not show a clear preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation with respect to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In terms of this study, it must be remembered that more than 70% of the participants in both the vitamin D supplement group and the placebo group did not have a vitamin D deficiency. In medical and pharmaceutical practice, more attention should be paid to vitamin D deficiency than has previously been accorded. Vitamin D status can be assessed objectively when necessary by laboratory testing of the serum 25(OH)D levels. Type 2 diabetes patients benefit from improving their vitamin D status with respect to their glucose metabolism and decreased mortality risk. Patients with insulin resistance who are vitamin D deficient should be treated with an appropriate amount of vitamin D to achieve circulating levels of 25(OH)D of 40–60 ng/mL.
Antitumor activity of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rucaparib as monotherapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed, BRCA-mutated, high-grade ovarian cancer, and an update on safety

Objective To report results from an integrated efficacy and safety analysis supporting the European Commission's approval of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rucaparib as monotherapy treatment for relapsed, platinum-sensitive, BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. Methods Efficacy was analyzed in platinum-sensitive patients from Study 10 (NCT01482715) and ARIEL2 (NCT01891344) who had high-grade serous or endometrioid epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer and a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and received two or more prior chemotherapies (including two or more platinum-based therapies). The primary end point was investigator-assessed, confirmed objective response rate (visit cut-off: April 10, 2017). Safety was analyzed in patients with ovarian cancer, regardless of BRCA mutation status or lines of prior chemotherapies, who received at least one dose of rucaparib 600 mg in either study (visit cut-off: December 31, 2017). Results In the integrated platinum-sensitive efficacy population (n=79), objective response rate was 64.6% (95% CI, 53.0 to 75.0); 10.1% (8/79) of patients had a complete response and 54.4% (43/79) had a partial response. Median duration of response was 294 days (95% CI, 224 to 393). In the integrated safety population (n=565), the most common any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events were nausea (77.7%, 439/565), asthenia/fatigue (74.7%, 422/565), vomiting (45.8%, 259/565), and hemoglobin decreased (44.2%, 250/565). Treatment-emergent adverse events led to treatment interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation in 60.2% (340/565), 46.0% (260/565), and 16.8% (95/565) of patients. Conclusions In patients with platinum-sensitive, BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, rucaparib demonstrated antitumor activity and is the first and currently the only poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor approved by the European Commission as treatment for this population. The safety analysis used a more recent visit cut-off date and larger population than previously published, was consistent with prior reports, and was the basis for the treatment-indication safety population in rucaparib’s recently updated European Union label.
Targeted photodynamic therapy treatment of in vitro A375 metastatic melanoma cells

Metastatic Melanoma (MM) is a deadly form of skin cancer and many photodynamic therapy (PDT) studies have noted limitations in relation to effective photosensitizer (PS) drug uptake in tumors. The focus of this study was to develop a PS multicomponent nanoparticle drug conjugate carrier system which specifically targets MM cells via biomarkers to actively enhance PS delivery and so improve MM PDT. An antibody-metallated phthalocyanine-polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticle drug conjugate, was successfully synthesized and characterized. PS active drug targeting PDT experiments at 673 nm were conducted within in vitro cultured MM. Results noted that this drug conjugate enhanced the PDT treatment of MM, through improved subcellular localization of the PS, as well as noted significantly improved cytotoxic and late apoptotic cellular death in cells. The results from this study demonstrate that through the bio-active antibody PS drug targeting of MM, the efficacy of PDT treatment for this cancer can be enhanced.
Dietary Patterns, Asthma, and Lung Function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

RATIONALE Dietary patterns may alter immune responses and increase asthma risk or affect lung function. OBJECTIVES To examine whether a pro-inflammatory diet (assessed by the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index, (E-DII®) or high dietary quality (assessed by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, AHEI-2010) are associated with current asthma, current asthma symptoms, and lung function in Hispanic adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 12,687 adults aged 18 to 76 years who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The E-DII and AHEI-2010 were calculated based on two 24-hour dietary recalls. Logistic or linear regression was used for the multivariable analysis of E-DII or AHEI-2010 scores and current asthma, asthma symptoms, and lung function measures, adjusting for age, gender, annual household income, study center, Hispanic/Latino background, smoking status, and other covariates. RESULTS A higher E-DII score was associated with current asthma (odds ratio [OR] for quartile 4 vs. 1=1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.97-1.90) and asthma symptoms (OR for quartile 4 vs. 1=1.42, 95% CI=1.12-1.81). The AHEI-2010 score was not associated with current asthma or asthma symptoms. Among adults without asthma, a higher E-DII score was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC, and a higher AHEI-2010 score was associated with higher FEV1 and FVC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of asthma and asthma symptoms in Hispanic adults. An anti-inflammatory diet (indicated by a lower E-DII or a higher AHEI-2010 score) may positively influence lung function in Hispanic adults without asthma.
Conservation evidence from climate-related stressors in the deep-time marine fossil record

Conservation of marine species requires the ability to predict the effects of climate-related stressors in an uncertain future. Experiments and observations in modern settings provide crucial information, but lack temporal scale and cannot anticipate emergent effects during ongoing global change. By contrast, the deep-time fossil record contains the long-term perspective at multiple global change events that can be used, at a broad scale, to test hypothesized effects of climate-related stressors. For example, geologically rapid carbon cycle disruption has often caused crises in reef ecosystems, and selective extinctions support the hypothesis that greater activity levels promote survival. Geographical patterns of extinction and extirpation were more variable than predicted from modern physiology, with tropical and temperate extinction peaks observed at different ancient events. Like any data source, the deep-time record has limitations but also provides opportunities that complement the limitations of modern and historical data. In particular, the deep-time record is the best source of information on actual outcomes of climate-related stressors in natural settings and over evolutionary timescales. Closer integration of modern and deep-time evidence can expand the types of hypotheses testable with the fossil record, yielding better predictions of extinction risk as climate-related stressors continue to intensify in future oceans. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation? ’
A Model of Local Content Disaster-Based Curriculum at Elementary Schools

West Sumatera geographical conditions are prone to natural disasters and earthquakes, resulting in people vulnerable to becoming victims. This is especially true for students, because they do not have the capacity to face earthquake disasters. Therefore, it is important to equip learners systematically and massively on a wide range of knowledge, attitudes/values, and basic skills required by the curriculum in schools in order to minimize the risk of earthquakes. Related to this, the present study was conducted in order to produce a model of local content disaster-based curriculum, especially about earthquakes, for elementary school students. This research was developed by using a conceptual model comprised of several stages: a literature review, a needs analysis, development of the draft, validation/expert tests, revisions, activities of focus group discussions, and finalization of models. The data was obtained from various elements of information that were relevant to earthquakes through questionnaires, the assessment format, and recording of the activities of focus group discussions; these methods were analyzed by using a descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this development were the formulation of course objectives, competency standards, basic competencies, subject matter, approaches to learning, teaching methods, and types of assessment. These components are interrelated to one another and have clear ideas, are comprehensive, and are positioned to equip students to be functional in the face of an earthquake
Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy: A preliminary report of a single institute and joint collective analysis of current reported series

Background: Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy (R-NSM), which uses the da Vinci surgical platform (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), could perform NSM and immediate breast reconstruction through small and inconspicuous extramammary axillary incision. Its application in the management of early breast cancer or risk-reducing mastectomy had been reported in some series and a growing number of R-NSM were performed worldwide. The authors would like to present a single-center experience of R-NSM as well as review of the current literature.Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent R-NSM for breast cancer during the period from March 2017 to July 2018 were retrieved from a prospectively collected database. A review of case series of R-NSM in the current literature were also performed through the PubMed database to determine the effectiveness and oncologic safety of R-NSM.Results: A total of 37 breast cancer patients who received 46 R-NSM procedures were included in the study. Thirty-nine cases (84.8%) were performed for therapeutic purpose. No R-NSM procedure was converted to conventional or endoscopic mastectomy. One (2.6%, 1/39) R-NSM procedure was found to have positive margin involvement. The rate of total nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis was 0%, and no implant loss or local recurrence was observed during a mean follow-up of 10.9 ± 8.2 months. In the joint collective analysis and review of the current literature, a total of 138 R-NSM procedures were available for analysis, and 59 of them were for therapeutic indications. The overall conversion rate was 2.2% (3/138), total NAC necrosis rate was 0%, implant loss rate was 0.8% (1/128), and margin involved rate was 1.7% (1/59). No local recurrence case was reported.Conclusion: From our preliminary experience and review of the current literature, R-NSM is a feasible and safe alternative for NSM in the management of breast cancer. The long-term oncological outcomes, however, will only be determined with longer follow-up.
Investigating Right Wing Authoritarianism With a Very Short Authoritarianism Scale

Authoritarianism has been an important explanatory concept for more than 60 years and a powerful predictor of social, political, and intergroup attitudes and behaviour. An important impediment to research on authoritarianism has been the length of the measures available, particularly with the contemporary emphasis on the need for social research to use larger, more representative samples and measure multiple constructs across multiple domains. We therefore developed a six-item Very Short Authoritarianism (VSA) scale that equally represented the three content subdimensions and two directions of wording of Altemeyer’s widely used Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale. Over four samples (N = 1,601) from three countries the VSA scale showed satisfactory internal consistency and the expected hierarchical factor structure with three primary factors loading on a single higher-order factor. Additionally, the scale predicted variables such as nationalism, ethnocentrism, political orientation, political party/candidate support, attitudes towards ingroups or outgroups and anti-minority bias at moderate to strong levels with effects very close to those obtained for much longer established measures of RWA (including Altemeyer’s scale). The VSA scale also showed clearly better reliability and validity than a short measure of authoritarian parental values that has been used to measure authoritarianism.
Arsenic in rice and rice products in Northwestern Mexico and health risk assessment

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the health risk of arsenic exposure by consumption of rice and its products marketed in northwestern Mexico. Sixty-six national and imported rice products were purchased in markets in northwestern Mexico, an endemic arsenic region. Total and inorganic arsenic in rice samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and the risk assessment was evaluated according to the hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR). Total and inorganic arsenic in rice samples ranged from 0.06 to 0.29 mg/kg and from 0.03 to 0.13 mg/kg, respectively, and 40% of the analysed samples exceeded FAO/WHO arsenic recommended levels. The inorganic/total arsenic ratio ranged from 15% to 65%. The HQ and CR values for total and inorganic arsenic did not exceed safety levels. Therefore, rice supply in the northwestern of Mexico appears to be safe for human consumption.
To Evaluate the Effect of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Retinal and Choroidal Thicknesses Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose To evaluate the retinal and choroidal thicknesses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using optical coherence tomography. Methods The study included 26 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 26 age-matched healthy control groups. Detailed ocular examinations were performed on all participants. Cirrus EDI-OCT (enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography) was used for choroidal thickness measurements with frame enhancement software. The subfoveal area was used for choroidal thickness measurements. Results The patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had an average 239.13 ± 57.77 μm subfoveal choroidal thickness, and the control group had an average 285.02 ± 25 μm subfoveal choroidal thickness. The subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements revealed a statistically significant difference between patients and the control group (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between patients and control group regarding mean macular thickness, central macular thickness, and GCIPL (ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer) thickness. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between patients and control group regarding mean, superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) thicknesses. Conclusion Chronic hypoxemia seems to cause decreased choroidal thickness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
An analysis of the relation between teacher candidates' attitudes toward the teaching profession and teaching-learning process competencies

Bir egitim sisteminde benimsenmis ogrenme-ogretme yaklasimlari ve uygulanan ogretim programlari degisse de egitim sisteminin temel niteligini, ogretmenlerin sahip oldugu mesleki yeterlikleri ve tutumlari belirler. Arastirmanin temel amaci ogretmen adaylarinin ogretmenlik meslegine yonelik tutum duzeyleri ile ogretme-ogrenme sureci yeterlik duzeylerini ve aralarindaki iliskiyi belirlemektir. Bu calisma ogretmen adaylarinin meslege yonelik tutumlari ile ogretme-ogrenme sureci yeterliklerinin belirlenmesi yonuyle genel tarama, meslege yonelik tutumlar ile ogretme-ogrenme sureci yeterliklerin birlikte degisip degismediginin belirlenmesi yonuyle ise iliskisel tarama modelindedir. Arastirma sosyal bilimler ile fen-matematik alanlari arasinda karsilastirmayi amacladigindan, veriler branslari bu alanlarda gruplanabilen toplam 387 ogretmen adayindan, "Ogretmenlik Meslegi Tutum Olcegi" ve "Ogretme-Ogrenme Sureci Yeterlikleri Olcegi" ile elde edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda ogretmen adaylarinin meslege yonelik olumlu tutuma ve yuksek duzeyde ogretme-ogrenme sureci yeterliklerine sahip olduklari belirlenmistir. Ayrica ogretmen adaylarinin meslege yonelik tutum duzeyleri ile ogretme-ogrenme sureci yeterlik duzeylerinin anlamli duzeyde pozitif yonlu iliskiye sahip oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Testing the Monetary Policy Rule in the US: A Reconsideration of the Fed's Behaviour

We calibrate a standard New Keynesian model with three alternative representations of monetary policy- an optimal timeless rule, a Taylor rule and another with interest rate smoothing- with the aim of testing which if any can match the data according to the method of indirect inference. We find that the only model version that fails to be strongly rejected is the optimal timeless rule. Furthermore this version can also account for the widespread finding of apparent 'Taylor rules' and 'interest rate smoothing' in the data, even though neither represents the true monetary policy.
Vocabulary through Extensive Reading : Word Frequency Levels and L 2 Learners ’ Vocabulary Knowledge Level

This study investigates 62 EFL young adults’ vocabulary learning rates immediately after reading ten graded readers, and their vocabulary decay rates after a three-month period. The participants were divided into two relative levels: higher (n =31) and lower (n =31). One hundred target words were semi-randomly selected from the reading texts and divided into three-word frequency levels (1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 plus off-list words). The levels had 31, 36, and 34 target words respectively. The target words were tested on three occasions: pre-, postand delayed post-tests. The results show that the immediate learning rates for the higherlevel group were 68%, 71% and 69% for the 1,000, 2,000 and the off-list words respectively, and were 20%, 19% and 21% for the lower-level group. The attrition rates in the three-word frequency levels were 7%, 11% and 22% in the higher-level group, and 31%, 34% and 36% in the lower level group. The results of the present study suggest that L2 learners learned any words that they encountered while reading without considering word frequency levels, and the higher learning rate of low frequency words could be attributed to the after-reading activities and the interesting stories in the graded readers.