Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orientations in adolescent use of information and communication technology: A digital divide by sociodemographic background, educational career, and health

Aims: The role of information and communication technology (ICT) in adolescents' lives was studied, with emphasis on whether there exists a digital divide based on sociodemographic background, educational career, and health. The assumption was that some groups of adolescents use ICT more so that their information utilization skills improve (computer use), while others use it primarily for entertainment (digital gaming, contacting friends by mobile phone). Methods: Data were collected by mailed survey from a nationally representative sample of 12- to 18-year-olds (n=7,292; response 70%) in 2001 and analysed using ANOVA. Results: Computer use was most frequent among adolescents whose fathers had higher education or socioeconomic status, who came from nuclear families, and who continued studies after compulsory education. Digital gaming was associated with poor school achievement and attending vocational rather than upper secondary school. Mobile phone use was frequent among adolescents whose fathers had lower education or socioeconomic status, who came from non-nuclear families, and whose educational prospects were poor. Intensive use of each ICT form, especially of mobile phones, was associated with health problems. High social position, nuclear family, and a successful educational career signified good health in general, independently of the diverse usage of ICT. Conclusions: There exists a digital divide among adolescents: orientation to computer use is more common in educated well-off families while digital gaming and mobile phone use accumulate at the opposite end of the spectrum. Poorest health was reported by mobile phone users. High social background and success at school signify better health, independently of the ways of using ICT.
Primary structure of a human mitochondrial protein homologous to the bacterial and plant chaperonins and to the 65-kilodalton mycobacterial antigen

The complete cDNA for a human mitochondrial protein designated P1, which was previously identified as a microtubule-related protein, has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of P1 shows strong homology (40 to 50% identical residues and an additional 20% conservative replacements) to the 65-kilodalton major antigen of mycobacteria, to the GroEL protein of Escherichia coli, and to the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco) subunit binding protein of plant chloroplasts. Similar to the case with the latter two proteins, which have been shown to act as chaperonins in the posttranslational assembly of oligomeric protein structures, it is suggested that P1 may play a similar role in mammalian cells. The observed high degree of homology between human P1 and mycobacterial antigen also suggests the possible involvement of this protein in certain autoimmune diseases.
Inter-individual differences in how presentation modality affects verbal learning performance in children aged 5 to 16

This study examines inter-individual differences in how presentation modality affects verbal learning performance. Children aged 5 to 16 performed a verbal learning test within one of three presentation modalities: pictorial, auditory, or textual. The results indicated that a beneficial effect of pictures exists over auditory and textual presentation modalities and that this effect increases with age. However, this effect is only found if the information to be learned is presented once (or at most twice) and only in children above the age of 7. The results may be explained in terms of single or dual coding of information in which the phonological loop is involved. Development of the (sub)vocal rehearsal system in the phonological loop is believed to be a gradual process that begins developing around the age of 7. The developmental trajectories are similar for boys and girls. Additionally, auditory information and textual information both seemed to be processed in a similar manner, namely without labeling or recoding, leading to single coding. In contrast, pictures are assumed to be processed by the dual coding of both the visual information and a (verbal) labeling of the pictures.
Basic survey on Malware Analysis, Tools and Techniques

The term malware stands for malicious software. It is a program installed on a system without the knowledge of owner of the system. It is basically installed by the third party with the intention to steal some private data from t he system or simply just to play pranks. This in turn threatens the computer’s security, wherein computer are used by one’s in day -to-day life as to deal with various necessities like education, communication, hospitals, banking, entertainment etc. Different traditional techniques are used to detect and defend these malwares like Antivirus Scanner (AVS), firewalls, etc. But today malware writers are one step forward towards then Malware detectors. Day-by-day they write new malwares, which become a great challenge for malware detectors. This paper focuses on basis study of malwares and various detection techniques which can be used to detect malwares.
The use of intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate BPL 8Y as prophylaxis and treatment in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

This report presents seven children with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Six had a history of severe neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and thrombocytopenia. The seventh child had no neonatal problems but has suffered three episodes of acute TTP. The subsequent clinical course of the children varied. Five had a relapsing–remitting course and one had chronic microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. The five oldest children initially received plasma infusions but, because of viral safety issues and easier administration, they now receive intermediate purity US‐sourced plasma‐derived factor VIII concentrate: BPL 8Y. Effective prophylaxis and treatment is possible in congenital TTP using BPL 8Y.
Implant placement in combination with sinus membrane elevation without biomaterials: a 1-year study on 15 patients.

BACKGROUND Membrane elevation in combination with implant placement without biomaterials is a rather new technique proposed for sinus lifting. PURPOSE This study assessed the clinical outcome of such technique during the first year of loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen patients with a mean residual bone height of 6.2 mm were consecutively recruited for sinus lifting. After opening a replaceable bone window, the membrane was dissected from the sinus walls. A total of 28 implants were placed in the residual crest and they kept the membrane lifted upwards. After window repositioning, the flap was sutured. A 6-month healing period was allowed. Patients were re-examined after 12 months of loading. RESULTS All the implants survived at the end of the follow-up. The 5.5 mm mean bone reformation was significantly lower than the 8.2 mm mean membrane lift achieved after implant placement. Regeneration at the distal surface of the most posterior implants was significantly less than at other aspects. The height of membrane lift was not correlated with the amount of regenerated bone. CONCLUSIONS All of the 28 implants placed in combination with sinus membrane elevation were stable during the first year of loading. No extra costs for biomaterial or morbidity for bone harvesting were necessary.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Waste Water Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk

The possible utilization of rice husk activated carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated. In this study, activated carbons, prepared from low-cost rice husk by sulfuric acid and zinc chloride activation, were used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue, a basic dye, from aqueous solutions. Effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage and particle size, initial dye concentration, pH and flow rate were investigated in column process. The maximum uptakes of methylene blue by activated rice husk carbon at optimized conditions (particle sizes: 140 ? m; Flow rate: 1.4 mL/min; pH: 10.0; initial volume of methylene blue: 50 mL and initial concentration of methylene blue: 4.0 mg/L etc.) were found to 97.15%. The results indicate that activated carbon of rice husk could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in waste water treatment for the removal of basic dyes. This low cost and effective removal method may provide a promising solution for the removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2. 11491 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 185-189, 2012 (July)
Characteristics of treated hypertension in incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND The treatment of hypertension in dialysis patients is prevalent and poorly characterized. beta-Blockers and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This study describes the treatment of hypertension and assesses the association between mortality and class of antihypertensive medication among a cohort of dialysis patients. METHODS The US Renal Data System (USRDS) Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave II cohort was analyzed. A total of 2,877 patients initiating hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in 1996 or 1997 and treated with antihypertensives were included in this analysis. Vital status was followed until November 2000. RESULTS Calcium channel blockers were prescribed to 70.3% of patients. Only 31.5% and 27.0% of patients with cardiovascular disease were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers, respectively. Mono-, double-, triple-, and more than triple-therapy were reported in 48.0%, 36.1%, 13.2%, and 2.7% of the cohort, respectively. In multivariable, fully adjusted models, no individual class of antihypertensives was associated with changes in all-cause mortality. In all patients, nondihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCBs) were associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62 to 0.97) and among end-stage renal disease patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease, dihydropyridine CCBs (DHP CCBs) and non-DHP CCBs were associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION Calcium channel blocker use is widespread among hypertensive dialysis patients. Antihypertensive prescription patterns suggest a lack of consensus regarding treatment of hypertension. Multivariable analysis of associations between antihypertensive class and mortality reveals results of uncertain clinical significance. Hypertension treatment trials in dialysis patients should be performed to appropriately inform treatment decisions.
Autoantibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens: Making Detection and Interpretation More Meaningful

The diagnosis of autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs) depends not only on the identification of patients manifesting disease-associated groups of clinical symptoms and signs but also on the detection of autoantibodies directed against nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens. Clinicians, however, often do not fully understand the appropriate application and limitations of these tests (10, 25). Over the last decade, new methods of performing immunology tests have been introduced into laboratory practice, principally to facilitate the processing of large numbers of samples. This rapid change has compounded the problems that result when requesting clinicians are unaware of the performance characteristics of laboratory tests. Testing for autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) provides a cogent example. Interpretation of the clinical significance and role of these antibodies in the diagnosis and management of CTDs is based on information gained by using gel-based techniques, such as double immunodiffusion (DID) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) (11). The disease associations linked to the findings may no longer hold true with newer techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunoblotting (IB) assays. For example, anti-Sm antibodies detected by gel-based techniques are highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and form part of the revised American Rheumatism Association criteria for the classification of SLE (26). However, the detection of anti-Sm antibodies by ELISAs in some patients who do not have SLE has diluted the strength of this formerly very powerful clinical association (12). Clinicians not aware of this subtle difference in the performance characteristics of the ELISA method may overdiagnose SLE. In this minireview, we examine the role of anti-ENA antibody testing in the diagnosis of CTDs, compare the performance of tests that are commonly used in the diagnostic immunology laboratory to measure anti-ENA antibodies, and discuss ways in which the laboratory can improve its anti-ENA antibody testing and reporting to make the results more meaningful for clinicians.
Regulation of Adrenal Function in the Conscious Calf

This review focuses on the control of adrenal medullary and adrenal cortical (zona fasciculata) function in the calf because both have been studied extensively in this species under strictly physiological conditions, following complete recovery from the stress of surgery and anaesthesia. These studies have depended upon the development of the "adrenal clamp" technique which enables collection of undiluted adrenal blood from the right adrenal gland as and when required. They have confirmed that numerous peptides are released from the adrenal medulla, in addition to catecholamines, and that release is often critically dependent on the pattern of stimulation which is applied to the splanchnic sympathetic innervation. Intraaortic infusions of small doses of acetylcholine, designed to mimic effects of postganglionic neurones, present in the adrenal cortex and medulla, elicit adrenal medullary responses primarily by activating muscarinic receptors. This is in marked contrast to many results of in vitro studies, as is the finding that these responses to acetylcholine are strongly inhibited in the presence of substance P (SP). Activation of the splanchnic sympathetic innervation strongly potentiates the steroidogenic response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and compelling evidence has accumulated that this is attributable to release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from VlPergic nerve terminals in the cortex. However, other agonists which exert a steroidogenic action on the gland include calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) and acetylcholine and ACTH is itself released from the gland during splanchnic nerve stimulation.
Anti-DPPX encephalitis

Objective: To characterize pathogenic effects of antibodies to dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX), a subunit of Kv4.2 potassium channels, on gut and brain neurons. Methods: We identified a new patient with anti-DPPX encephalitis and analyzed the effects of the patient's serum and purified immunoglobulin G (IgG), and of serum of a previous patient with anti-DPPX encephalitis, on the activity of enteric neurons by voltage-sensitive dye imaging in guinea pig myenteric and human submucous plexus preparations. We studied the subcellular localization of DPPX by immunocytochemistry in cultured murine hippocampal neurons using sera of 4 patients with anti-DPPX encephalitis. We investigated the influence of anti-DPPX-containing serum and purified IgG on neuronal surface expression of DPPX and Kv4.2 by immunoblots of purified murine hippocampal neuron membranes. Results: The new patient with anti-DPPX encephalitis presented with a 2-month episode of diarrhea, which was followed by tremor, disorientation, and mild memory impairment. Anti-DPPX-IgG-containing sera and purified IgG increased the excitability and action potential frequency of guinea pig and human enteric nervous system neurons. Patient sera revealed a somatodendritic and perisynaptic neuronal surface staining that colocalized with the signal of commercial anti-DPPX and Kv4.2 antibodies. Incubation of hippocampal neurons with patient serum and purified IgG resulted in a decreased expression of DPPX and Kv4.2 in neuronal membranes. Conclusions: Hyperexcitability of enteric nervous system neurons and downregulation of DPPX and Kv4.2 from hippocampal neuron membranes mirror the clinical phenotype of patients with anti-DPPX encephalitis and support a pathogenic role of anti-DPPX antibodies in anti-DPPX encephalitis.
Clinical and biological consequences of transmetallation induced by contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: a review

Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (CAs) are widely used to enhance the contrast of images in magnetic resonance imaging procedures. Two categories of gadolinium chelates exist: the macrocyclic molecules where Gd3+ is caged in the pre‐organized cavity of the ligand and the linear molecules. Gadolinium chelates differ in their thermodynamic stability constants and in their kinetic stability. In general, macrocyclic chelates such as Gd‐DOTA or Gd‐HP‐DO3A are more stable than linear molecules. Even among linear agents, differences can be found. There is increasing evidence that transmetallation can be found in vivo, in the case of certain CAs (especially linear chelates), with body cations such as zinc, calcium or iron. Furthermore, analytical interference with colorimetric determination of calcium has been clinically evidenced with two linear chelates, Gd‐DTPA‐BMA and Gd‐DTPA‐BMEA. Clinical cases of spurious hypocalcaemia have been reported with these molecules. Such interference with some colorimetric assays for calcium is clinically relevant in that it can lead to unnecessary and potentially harmful treatment for hypocalcaemia.
CULTURAS RESISTENTES AOS HERBICIDAS INIBIDORES DA ENZIMA ALS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

O objetivo desta revisao de literatura foi abordar os principais aspectos geneticos e as tecnicas empregadas no desenvolvimento de culturas resistentes aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS, bem como seus impactos na agricultura. O principal fator limitante a elevados niveis de produtividade das culturas e a interferencia com as plantas daninhas. O melhoramento genetico e tecnicas de engenharia genetica permitiram desenvolver culturas resistentes aos herbicidas. Estas culturas constituem estrategias de manejo para obtencao de alta produtividade de alimentos para suprir a elevada demanda global para os proximos anos. Como os inibidores da enzima ALS foram os pioneiros no Brasil a terem culturas resistentes e por ser o grupo de herbicidas mais utilizados no pais, a analise da situacao de culturas resistentes a esses produtos serve de modelo para entender os beneficios e os riscos associados a utilizacao de culturas resistentes aos herbicidas.
Topiramate in the Prophylaxis of Pediatric Migraine: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Several large, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis in adults. However, there are limited data about the use of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis in children. We conducted this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate in the prophylaxis of migraine in children. A total of 44 children with migraine were randomized using random number tables to receive topiramate (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22). The total duration of treatment was 4 months, including a baseline period of 1 month during which topiramate was titrated weekly in 25-mg increments to 100 mg/d in 2 divided doses or to the maximum tolerated dose. The titration was followed by a 12-week maintenance phase during which topiramate was given in 2 divided doses. The primary outcome measures were the reduction in the mean migraine frequency and severity of headache. Secondary outcome measures included the number of times analgesics were required for a month for acute attacks and functional disability. Functional disability was measured by comparing school absenteeism and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS). The decrease in mean (±SD) monthly migraine frequency from 16.14 (±9.35) at baseline to 4.27 (±1.95) at the end of the study in the topiramate group was significantly greater as compared with a decrease from 13.38 (±7.78) to 7.48 (±5.94) at the end of the study in the placebo group (P = .025). The difference in number of rescue medications used for topiramate and placebo was not statistically significant (P = .059). There was a statistically significant decrease in the PedMIDAS score from 50.66 (±32.1) to 10.42 (±6.39) at the end of the study in the topiramate group compared with a decrease from 42.66 (±27.5) to 23.7 (±19.1) at the end of 4 months in the placebo group (P = .003). The decrease in school absenteeism was significant with topiramate compared with placebo (P = .002). Weight loss, decreased concentration in school, sedation, and parasthesias were important side effects with topiramate. Most of these side effects were mild to moderate and were not significant enough to cause dropout from the study.
The contribution of AAUAAA and the upstream element UUUGUA to the efficiency of mRNA 3′‐end formation in plants.

The requirement for sequence specificity in the AAUAAA motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) polyadenylation signal was examined by saturation mutagenesis. While deletion of AAUAAA almost abolished processing at the CaMV polyadenylation site, none of the 18 possible single base mutations had a dramatic effect on processing efficiency. The effect of replacing all six nucleotides simultaneously varied depending on the sequence used, but some replacements were as detrimental as the deletion mutant. Taken together, these results confirm that AAUAAA is an essential component of the CaMV polyadenylation signal, but indicate that a high degree of sequence variation can be tolerated. A repeated UUUGUA motif was identified as an important upstream accessory element of the CaMV polyadenylation signal. This sequence was able to induce processing at a heterologous polyadenylation site in a sequence‐specific and additive manner. The effect of altering the spacing between this upstream element and the AAUAAA was examined; moving these two elements closer together or further apart reduces the processing efficiency. The upstream element does not function to signal processing at the CaMV polyadenylation site if placed downstream of the cleavage site. Analysis of further upstream sequences revealed that almost all of the 200 nt fragment required for maximal processing contributes positively to processing efficiency. Furthermore, isolated far upstream sequences distinct from UUUGUA were also able to induce processing at a heterologous polyadenylation site.