Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secretory protein expression patterns during rat parotid gland development

The rat parotid gland produces a number of well‐characterized secretory proteins. Relatively little is known, however, about the onset of their synthesis and cellular localization during gland development. Secretory protein expression was studied in parotid glands of fetal and postnatal rats using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry and Northern blotting. Amylase, parotid secretory protein (PSP), common salivary protein‐1 (CSP‐1), and SMGB were first detected by immunofluorescence in parotid glands of 18 day fetuses. By 5 days after birth, light and electron microscopic immunolabeling localized all of these proteins to the secretory granules of developing acinar cells. Labeling of acinar cells for DNAse I, however, was not observed until 18 days after birth. Between 9 and 25 days, CSP‐1 and SMGB reactivity of acinar cells declined, but increased in intercalated duct cells. After 25 days, CSP‐1 and SMGB were found only in intercalated ducts, and amylase, PSP, and DNAse I were restricted to acinar cells. Levels of CSP‐1 and SMGB mRNA were relatively constant through 21 postnatal days, but declined significantly after that. Amylase and PSP mRNA increased rapidly and continuously from five days after birth to the adult stage. In contrast, DNAse I mRNA was not detectable until 18 days after birth. The immunocytochemical and molecular analyses define three basic patterns of protein expression in the rat parotid gland: proteins whose synthesis is initiated early in development and is maintained in the acinar cells, such as amylase and PSP; proteins that are initially synthesized by immature acinar cells but are restricted to intercalated ducts in the adult gland, such as CSP‐1 and SMGB; and proteins that are synthesized only by mature acinar cells and first appear during the third postnatal week, such as DNAse I. The parotid gland exhibits four distinct developmental stages: prenatal, from initiation of the gland rudiment until birth; neonatal, from 1 day up to about 9 days postnatal; transitional, from 9 days to 25 days of age; and adult, from 25 days on. Although differences exist in timing and in the specific proteins expressed, these developmental stages are similar to those seen in the rat submandibular gland. Additionally, the results support the suggestion that intercalated ducts may differentiate from the neonatal acini. Anat. Rec. 252:485–497, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postpartum inhibitor to factor VIII: treatment with high‐dose immunoglobulin and dexamethasone

Spontaneous occurrence of an acquired inhibitor to factor VIII (FVIII) is a rare event. About 50% of cases are idiopathic. Among younger people, inhibitors are often found in the postpartum period. Treatment must be administered either to overcome haemorrhagic symptoms or to eradicate the inhibitor. Several approaches have been proposed for inhibitor eradication, based on immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine, with varying results. High‐dose immunoglobulin (HDIg) has been recently proposed as first‐line therapy. We report on four cases with acquired inhibitor to FVIII occurring 4–8 months after delivery. At diagnosis, inhibitor titre was < 5 Bethesda units mL–1 (BU mL–1) in three cases and > 5 BU mL–1 in one. Factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) was < 1 U dL–1> in three cases and 12 U dL–1 in one. We treated the patients with HDIg (400 mg kg–1 day–1 for 5 consecutive days) and dexamethasone (24 mg day–1 for 5–7 consecutive days), administered at the same time. In three women, the inhibitor was suppressed in 2–50 weeks. After an off‐therapy period ranging from 20 to 104 weeks, the FVIII:C was persistently normal and the inhibitor undetectable. The fourth woman remained unresponsive. In two cases, recombinant activated factor VII administration stopped the bleeding. Thus, intermediate‐ to high‐dose dexamethasone and HDIg given at the same time could be a successful and safe therapeutic approach for a rapid and complete remission from the development of FVIII inhibitors.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among the Santal ( Tribal ) Population of Dinajpur

Introduction iabetes mellitus (DM) is now recognized as a major chronic public health problem throughout the world (WHO, 1994). It is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost thereby. This disease is becoming an increasing threat to the world’s health service. Formerly described as a “disease of affluence”, it is now evident that (owing to demographic changes, cultural transition and population aging) diabetes is a problem of developing countries as well as affecting a wide range of ethnic and economic groups. It is estimated that currently diabetes mellitus (DM) accounts for 5.2 % of all deaths worldwide. The number of people with DM is expected to be doubled from 175 million in 2000 to 353 million in 2030. The largest increase is expected to occur in developing countries, with 305 million individuals likely to have DM by 2030. Recently “global estimates of diabetes prevalence” clearly indicates that there is an overall increase of diabetes prevalence in the developing countries especially in South-East Asian countries. An increasing trend of Diabetes registration in all the referral centers in Bangladesh is reported in recent years. Diabetes has been found to be more prevalent in Urban than in rural population.
Pharmacological characterization of the 20% alcohol intermittent access model in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats: a model of binge-like drinking.

BACKGROUND Binge drinking is defined as a pattern of alcohol drinking that brings blood alcohol levels to 80 mg/dl or above. In this study, we pharmacologically characterized the intermittent access to 20% ethanol (EtOH) model (Wise, Psychopharmacologia 1973;29:203) in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats to determine to which of the compounds known to reduce drinking in specific animal models this binge-like drinking was sensitive to. METHODS Adult male sP rats were divided into 2 groups and allowed to drink either 20% v/v alcohol or water for 24 hours on alternate days (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) or 10% v/v alcohol and water for 24 hours every day. After stabilization of their intake, both groups were administered 3 pharmacological agents with different mechanisms of action, naltrexone-an opioid receptor antagonist, SCH 39166-a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, and R121919-a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor 1 (CRF1 ) receptor antagonist, and their effects on alcohol and water intake were determined. RESULTS Intermittent 20% alcohol ("Wise") procedure in sP rats led to binge-like drinking. Alcohol drinking was suppressed by naltrexone and by SCH 39166, but not by R121919. Finally, naltrexone was more potent in reducing alcohol drinking in the intermittent 20% binge-drinking group than in the 10% continuous access drinking group. CONCLUSIONS The Wise procedure in sP rats induces binge-like drinking, which appears opioid- and dopamine-receptor mediated; the CRF1 system, on the other hand, does not appear to be involved. In addition, our results suggest that naltrexone is particularly effective in reducing binge drinking. Such different pharmacological responses may apply to subtypes of alcoholic patients who differ in their motivation to drink, and may eventually contribute to treatment response.
Coworking spaces: a new way of achieving productivity

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between coworking spaces and productivity. Design/methodology/approach A research model was designed to carry out the analysis. Specifically, this model attempts to reveal the influence of social interactions and the coworking environment on productivity. Furthermore, three moderated variables were incorporated into the model: gender, age and level of education. A Web-based survey was conducted. Findings The findings confirm the positive influence of social interactions and coworking environment on productivity. Research limitations/implications There are two limitations. First, it is based on the perception of coworkers. It would be interesting to add the perception of coworking space managers to provide more solid findings. The second limitation is that it has not suggested any additional potential factors which could affect productivity. Practical implications Implications of this study are grouped into two categories. First, from an academic perspective, it contributes to the development of knowledge about the increasing use of coworking spaces. Second, from a managerial perspective, this paper highlights how environmental factors and the facilities of a workplace can help to achieve better conditions for productivity, in particular in coworking spaces. Social implications Furthermore, the use of social interactions in professional relationships can be understood as an alternative way to carry out new ways of doing business. Originality/value This paper contributes to the enrichment of knowledge-concerning coworking spaces developed a pioneering study.
Banking crises: identification, propagation, and prediction

This thesis focuses on the identification, propagation, and prediction of banking crises and on the relationship between banking and currency crises. We firstly modify the Von Hagen-Ho index and apply it to a large set of countries, excluding countries with a repressed financial system. The crises identified by our MMPI are more in line with the crises identified by Laeven and Valencia (2010), while the index also gives fewer ‘false alarms’. Then, we investigate the dynamic relationship between currency and banking crises in 94 developing and emerging countries using quarterly data from 1980Q1 to 2010Q4. The results show that in most cases currency crises tend to lead banking crises and vice versa which is robust for using different periods and different samples of countries. We investigate interdependence and spillover effects of financial turbulence across countries during the last decade. Our results suggest that financial turbulence has a significant interdependence effect across countries through the trade and distance channels, while a significant spillover effect through the capital flows channel is also identified. Finally, we compare the performance of the logit model and data mining models in predicting bank failures in the United States during 2002 to 2010. For all three models, the logit model issues more missed failures and false alarms ex post than data mining models, but issues fewer missed failures and false alarms ex ante.
Neurodegeneration and glial activation patterns after mechanical nerve injury are differentially regulated by non‐MHC genes in congenic inbred rat strains

Ventral root avulsion in the rat leads to a retrograde response, with activation of glia and up‐regulation of immunologic cell surface molecules such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, and the subsequent degeneration of a large proportion of the lesioned motoneurons. Herein, we examined several inbred congenic rat strains previously known to react differently to experimentally induced autoimmune diseases and demonstrate a substantial genetic diversity in the regulation of glial activation and neuron death in this injury model. The panel of examined inbred rat strains included DA(RT1AV1), PVG.1AV1, LEW.1AV1, LEW.1N, BN(RT1N) and E3(RT1U), and the following parameters were determined: (1) MHC class II expression on glia; (2) expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, C3 complement, and microglial response factor‐1 mRNAs in glia; (3) levels of the tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β cytokine mRNAs; (4) degree of motoneuron loss. The findings of considerable strain‐dependent differences in all parameters studied demonstrate important polymorphisms in the genetic regulation of these events. Furthermore, some of the studied features segregated from each other, suggesting independent regulatory mechanisms. Genes outside of the MHC complex are mainly implicated as being of importance for the phenotypic differences, as significant differences were recorded between the MHC congenic strains differing in the non‐MHC genes but not vice versa. These results contribute new important insights into the genetic regulation of glial reactivity and neuron death after mechanical nerve injuries. In addition, the finding of conspicuous strain‐dependent differences makes it necessary to consider the genetic background when designing and interpreting animal experiments involving noxious insults to the central nervous system resulting in glial activation and nerve cell loss. J. Comp. Neurol. 431:75–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute and long‐term outcomes of stenting in coronary vessel > 3.0 mm, 3.0–2.5 mm, and < 2.5 mm

We compared the acute and long‐term outcomes of stentings in coronary vessels > 3.0 mm, 3.0–2.5 mm, and < 2.5 mm. A total of 1,152 patients underwent coronary stenting was divided into three groups based on the reference vessel size. Group A consisted of 598 patients (667 lesions) with a reference vessel diameter > 3.0 mm, group B 485 patients (544 lesions) with a reference vessel diameter of 3.0–2.5 mm, and group C 114 patients (119 lesions) with a reference vessel diameter < 2.5 mm. The procedural success, stent thrombosis, and in‐hospital cardiac event rate were similar in the three groups. At 6‐month angiographic follow‐up, the lesion restenotic rate was significantly higher in the small‐vessel group (14%, 22%, and 26% in groups A, B, and C, respectively; P = 0.011). These differences appeared to result from a lesser acute gain and a lesser net gain in small‐vessel group; the late luminal loss was similar in the three groups. During a follow‐up duration of 28 ± 3 months, group C patients had a significantly lower rate of event‐free survival than the group A and B patients (71% vs. 85% and 82%; P = 0.002). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that complex lesion (P = 0.032) and long lesion (P = 0.046) are independent predictors of restenosis in very‐small‐vessel (< 2.5 mm) stenting. In conclusion, the acute results of stenting in small coronary arteries appear safe and feasible with a high procedural success rate and a low incidence of stent thrombosis. Stenting in patients with a small coronary artery appears to have a similar in‐hospital cardiac event rate, but a higher angiographic restenosis rate and a lower event‐free survival rate, compared to stenting in patients with a larger coronary artery. The predictors of restenosis in very‐small‐vessel stenting are complex lesions and long lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:314–322. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introduction: Competing conditionalities? Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus between the European Union and Russia

ABSTRACT Against the backdrop of recent and growing ‘conditionality assertiveness’ by both the EU and Russia vis-à-vis their neighbouring states, the present contribution critically reviews the existing state of the art on EU conditionality as well as on Russia's emerging conditional approaches within and beyond the Eurasian Economic Union. It proposes an alternative reading of conditionality, accounting for its perception and translation by the individual Eastern Partnership countries and applies it to individual case studies. Finally, it presents avenues for further research, arguing for the need to pay closer attention to different foreign policy means and their specific combinations, which constitute conditionality in its individual dimensions.
Calcium Metabolism and Cystic Fibrosis: Mitochondrial Abnormalities Suggest a Modification of the Mitochondrial Membrane

Summary: A disorder of calcium (Ca2+) metabolism may be central to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF). Average cellular Ca2+ levels in fibroblasts derived from patients with CF (ages, 14-25 yr; n = 25) were 36-77% higher than in matched controls depending on age of cell culture (9.0-10.6 versus 5.1-7.8 nmol/mg cellular protein). Cellular Ca2+ was significantly elevated in CF, but was not a reliable criterion for identifying CF cells because of the high variability of results. Studies of Ca2+ fluxes in cell organelles showed that mitochondria isolated from CF fibroblasts accumulate 2-3 times more Ca2+ than controls [79.5 ± 8.2 versus 33.7 ± 4.7 nmols · mg mitochondrial protein-1 · min-1 (±SD)] Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria reliably distinguished between CF and control or heterozygote cells (P < 0.0005, n = 11). In vitro experiments showed that Ca2+ influx and efflux are increased in isolated CF mitochondria, resulting in net Ca2+ accumulation. Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria is energy-dependent; some inhibitors of mitochondrial energy metabolism (atractyloside, oligomycin) influenced Ca2+ uptake significantly more in CF than in control mitochondria. Furthermore, the average activities of NADH oxidase, NADH-and succinate-cytochrome c reductase were 77, 58, and 48% higher in CF mitochondria, respectively. This indicates that many functions associated with energy metabolism and the mitochondrial membrane (electron transport, ATP transport, and ATP hydrolysis) are not operating properly in CF, thus possibly causing the derangement of Ca2+ metabolism found in CF mitochondria and cells.
Different Mutations in the HHV-6 DNA Polymerase Gene Accounting for Resistance to Foscarnet

Background Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), which is closely related to human cytomegalovirus, is sensitive to foscarnet (PFA). Up to now, the resistance of HHV-6 to PFA has not been investigated. Objectives The goal of the study was to isolate and characterize PFA-resistant HHV-6 mutants in order to determine the mechanisms of resistance to the drug. Methods PFA-resistant viruses, isolated in MT4 cell culture under increasing concentrations of PFA, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The mutations identified in the HHV-6 DNA polymerase gene were evaluated in a functional assay using recombinant mutated forms of the enzyme, and their effect on protein structure was analysed in a three-dimensional model derived from available structures of DNA polymerases. Results Two mutants were selected and were 8- and 15-fold more resistant to PFA than the wild-type strain. Four amino acid changes were detected in the HHV-6 DNA polymerase in association with PFA resistance: T435R, H507Y, C525S, located in the δC conserved domain, and F292S. Either alone or in combination, these substitutions significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of PFA at the level of the polymerase, as measured by the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides in a DNA elongation assay. In the three-dimensional model of HHV-6 DNA polymerase structure the four changes were not located within the putative catalytic site, but they might induce either a disturbance of local conformation or a restricted access of PFA to its target site. Conclusion This first characterization of HHV-6 resistance to PFA highlights the role of distinct DNA polymerase gene mutations.
An Observational Study of Anesthesia Record Completeness Using an Anesthesia Information Management System

BACKGROUND:Studies of the accuracy and completeness of handwritten anesthesia records demonstrate deficiencies in documentation, suggesting that the quality of anesthesia records can be improved. METHODS:We reviewed all electronic anesthesia records generated during a 1-month period at our institution to ascertain completion rates for six clinical documentation elements: allergies, IV access, electrocardiogram rhythm, ease of mask ventilation, laryngoscopic grade of view, and insertion depth of the endotracheal tube. RESULTS:Of 2838 records, 64% had the necessary free text remark in the allergy element. The free text required to complete endotracheal tube depth documentation appeared in 538 of 918 cases in which the patient was tracheally intubated (59%). Free text documentation of the electrocardiogram rhythm diagnosis appeared at least once in 86% of records. Documentation of mask ventilation characteristics was entered by touch screen from a pick list and was expected in 781 records but appeared in 664 records (85%). Laryngoscopic grade of view documentation was also selected by touch screen and expected in 883 records but present in 811 cases (92%). Any notation of IV access appeared in 84% of records. CONCLUSIONS:We found that electronic clinical anesthesia documentation was often incomplete. Dependence on free text remarks and the record keeping system’s inability to automatically present entries in logical sequences consistent with workflow were associated with incomplete data entry. Our results suggest that the user interface for data entry, and the logic that an electronic system uses for preventing omissions and inconsistencies, merit further study and development in order to facilitate clinically useful documentation.
Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in Sanliurfa, Turkey, and the relation to environmental and socioeconomic factors: is the hygiene hypothesis enough?

BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has been reported to be higher in urban than in rural areas between developed and underdeveloped countries and within any given country. Studies in Turkey have yielded different results for different regions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of asthma and atopy in Sanliurfa, Turkey, and the influence of environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 1108 children from different areas of Sanliurfa and administered the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Items asking for socioeconomic data were also included. Skin prick and purified protein derivative tests were performed on the children. Measles antibodies were determined and feces were analyzed for parasites. RESULTS The total prevalence of atopic diseases was 8.6% (n = 95/1108), asthma 1.9% (n=21/1108), allergic rhinitis 2.9% (n=32/1108), and allergic conjunctivitis 3.8% (n=42/1108). The rate of atopic diseases was 5.6% (n=32/573) in children attending schools in peripheral, less urban, slum areas while it was 11.8% (n=63/535) in those attending city-center schools (OR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.4-3.5; P<.001). Skin prick test positivity was observed in 3.9% (n=43/1108) overall; at schools in slum areas it was 1.9% (n=11/573), whereas at central schools the rate was 6% (n=32/535) (OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.03-8.20; P<.001). The prevalence of asthma and atopic diseases was significantly higher in children who have a family history of atopy, attend a central school, live in an apartment, have more rooms in their homes, and enjoy better economic conditions. CONCLUSION We found associations between various factors suggested by the hygiene hypothesis and asthma, and very low rates of prevalence of asthma and atopic diseases both in Sanliurfa in comparison with the more developed western regions and in the peripheral slum areas. The hygiene hypothesis is helpful in explaining these observations.
Effects of spatial density on veterinarian income: where are all of the veterinarians?

ABSTRACT With increased numbers of veterinarians in the market, it is critical to understand how this increased competition affects income potential at multiple levels. This study presents an empirical approach that incorporates local and nonlocalised spatial competition of firms into one model. By analysing the market for veterinarians using a spatial weight matrix approach, we are able to quantify localized and nonlocalised competition which assists in defining relevant market areas for veterinarians. Specifically, increased density within their county and surrounding counties decreases veterinarian income. Thus, the potential market area for veterinarians is larger than the local/county market in which they practice. This is important for veterinarians when choosing a location to practice, as they must consider the competition and demand in local and non-local areas.