Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific Interaction of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5 (eIF5) with the β-Subunit of eIF2*

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) interacts with the 40 S initiation complex (40 S·mRNA· eIF3·Met-tRNAf·eIF2·GTP) and mediates hydrolysis of the bound GTP. To characterize the molecular interactions involved in eIF5 function, we have used 32P-labeled recombinant rat eIF5 as a probe in filter overlay assay to identify eIF5-interacting proteins in crude initiation factor preparations. We observed that eIF5 specifically interacted with the β subunit of initiation factor eIF2. No other initiation factors including the γ subunit of eIF2 tested positive in this assay. Furthermore, both yeast and mammalian eIF5 bind to the β subunit of either mammalian or yeast eIF2. Binding analysis with human eIF2β deletion mutants expressed inEscherichia coli identified a 22-amino acid domain, between amino acids 68 and 89, as the primary eIF5-binding region of eIF2β. These results along with our earlier observations that (a) eIF5 neither binds nor hydrolyzes free GTP or GTP bound as Met-tRNAf·eIF2·GTP ternary complex, and (b) eIF5 forms a specific complex with eIF2 suggests that the specific interaction between eIF5 and the β subunit of eIF2 may be critical for the hydrolysis of GTP during translation initiation.
Order Anticipation around Predictable Trades

This paper studies the presence of order anticipation strategies by examining predictable patterns in large order executions. I construct four simple signals based on child-order execution patterns that may potentially leak order flow information to algorithmic traders and find empirical evidence that stronger signals are correlated with higher execution costs. This effect is more pronounced for stocks with higher algorithmic trading activity consistent with the order anticipation hypothesis. Higher price impact due to predictable signals can be transitory and permanent suggesting that algorithmic traders may exploit both the liquidity needs and private information of the investors.
Texting in three European languages : does the linguistic typology differ ?

We have conducted research on computer-mediated communication within a French University since 1996. Discourse appearing in email messages, forums, chat sessions is shaped in a particular way, precisely because one uses a computer. The computer becomes a tool, a sort of mediator, indirectly modifying the discourse. A new discourse ‘genre’ which we call mediated electronic discourse is created. Our research has recently included texting or SMS-type writing strategies either through computer or mobile telephone usage. Based on French and Belgian research, we have devised a new typology for French SMS writing (Panckhurst, 2009). Student corpora comparing French, Spanish and Italian allows plurilingual verification in order to reveal any variations. SMS and “dialogical interactions” are the next step for this research.
Evaluating Hypotheses of Plant Species Invasions on Mediterranean Islands: Inverse Patterns between Alien and Endemic Species

Invasive alien species cause major changes to ecosystem functioning and patterns of biodiversity, and the main factors involved in invasion success remain contested. Using the Mediterranean island of Crete as a case study, we present a framework for analyzing spatial data of alien species distributions, based on environmental predictors, aiming to gain an understanding of their spatial patterns and spread. Mediterranean islands are under strong ecological pressure from invading species due to their restricted size and increased human impact. Four hypotheses of invasibility, the ‘propagule pressure hypothesis’ (H1), ‘biotic resistance hypothesis vs. acceptance hypothesis’ (H2), ‘disturbance-mediated hypothesis’ (H3), and ‘environmental heterogeneity hypothesis’ (H4) were tested. Using data from alien, native, and endemic vascular plant species, the propagule pressure, biotic resistance versus acceptance, disturbance-mediated, and environmental heterogeneity hypotheses were tested with Generalized Additive Modelling (GAM) of 39 models. Based on model selection, the optimal model includes the positive covariates of native species richness, the negative covariates of endemic species richness, and land area. Variance partitioning between the four hypotheses indicated that the biotic resistance versus acceptance hypothesis explained the vast majority of the total variance. These results show that areas of high species richness have greater invasibility and support the acceptance hypothesis and “rich-get-richer” distribution of alien species. The negative correlation between alien and endemic species appears to be predominantly driven by altitude, with fewer alien and more endemic species at greater altitudes, and habitat richness. The negative relationship between alien and endemic species richness provides potential for understanding patterns of endemic and alien species on islands, contributing to more effective conservation strategies.
Structural and biochemical characteristics of various white adipose tissue depots

It is now widely accepted that white adipose tissue (WAT) is not merely a fuel storage organ, but also a key component of metabolic homoeostatic mechanisms. Apart from its major role in lipid and glucose metabolism, adipose tissue is also involved in a wide array of other biological processes. The hormones and adipokines, as well as other biologically active agents released from fat cells, affect many physiological and pathological processes. WAT is neither uniform nor inflexible because it undergoes constant remodelling, adapting the size and number of adipocytes to changes in nutrients’ availability and hormonal milieu. Fat depots from different areas of the body display distinct structural and functional properties and have disparate roles in pathology. The two major types of WAT are visceral fat, localized within the abdominal cavity and mediastinum, and subcutaneous fat in the hypodermis. Visceral obesity correlates with increased risk of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases, while increase of subcutaneous fat is associated with favourable plasma lipid profiles. Visceral adipocytes show higher lipogenic and lipolytic activities and produce more pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while subcutaneous adipocytes are the main source of leptin and adiponectin. Moreover, adipose tissue associated with skeletal muscles (intramyocellular and intermuscular fat) and with the epicardium is believed to provide fuels for skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. However, increased mass of either epicardial or intermuscular adipose tissue correlates with cardiovascular risk, while the presence of the intramyocellular fat is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance. This review summarizes results of mainly human studies related to the differential characteristics of various WAT depots.
Intraarticular Injuries Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: Findings at Ligament Reconstruction in High School and Recreational Athletes

Background Despite research on the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament tears in female athletes, few studies have addressed sex differences in the incidence of associated intraarticular injuries. Hypothesis When patients are stratified by sport and competition level, no sex differences exist in either the mechanism of injury or pattern of intraarticular injuries observed at anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Two hundred twenty-one athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction met our inclusion criteria of anterior cruciate ligament tear as a singular event without reinjury or history of prior injury or surgery in either knee. Data were collected on competition level (high school, amateur), sport (basketball, soccer, skiing), mechanism of injury, articular cartilage injuries, and meniscal tears. Data were statistically analyzed by sex with the chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results High school athletes had no significant sex differences in mechanism of injury. Female soccer athletes had fewer medial meniscal tears than did male athletes, and female basketball players had fewer medial femoral condyle injuries. At the amateur level, female basketball players had more contact injuries, an earlier onset of swelling, and fewer lateral meniscal tears than did male players. Conclusion At the high school level, male and female athletes shared a common mechanism of injury, and yet the female athletes had fewer intraarticular injuries in basketball and soccer. If such intraarticular injuries prove to be a significant risk factor for poor long-term outcome, women may enjoy a better prognosis after reconstruction.
Dampak Pengembangan Produk Turunan Minyak Sawit terhadap Peningkatan Ekspor Produk Minyak Sawit ke Pasar Amerika Serikat

English In 2013, the world palm oil production reached 55.7 million tons. Indonesia and Malaysia shared 86 percent in the world palm oil market with their production volumes of 26.7 and 21.7 million tons, respectively. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of palm oil derivative products development on improved palm oil export and its derivative products to the US market. This analysis used times series data from 1992 to 2012. Data were analyzed using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) approach. Results of the study show that policy to develop palm oil derivative products will increase export of palm oil and its derivative products to USA market and decrease total export of Indonesia CPO. The better policy option is enhancing CPO export tax along with improved rupiah’s exchange rate and downstream palm oil industry development. This policy will boost export of Indonesian palm oil derivative products to the US market and significantly reduce CPO export. Indonesian Pada tahun 2013, produksi minyak sawit dunia mencapai 55,7 juta ton, dengan kontribusi Indonesia sebesar 26,70 juta ton dan diikuti oleh Malaysia sebesar 21,7 juta ton. Dengan demikian, Indonesia dan Malaysia secara bersama menguasai sekitar 86 persen produksi minyak sawit dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dampak pengembangan produk turunan minyak sawit terhadap peningkatan ekspor minyak sawit dan produk turunannya ke pasar Amerika Serikat. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder time series tahunan selama periode 1992–2012. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan ekonometrika Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengembangan industri produk turunan minyak sawit mampu meningkatkan ekspor produk turunan minyak sawit ke Amerika Serikat dan mampu menurunkan ekspor minyak sawit mentah yang memiliki nilai tambah yang rendah. Kombinasi kebijakan yang lebih baik adalah dengan program peningkatan pajak ekspor CPO yang didukung oleh peningkatan nilai tukar dan pengembangan industri hilir minyak sawit. Kebijakan ini akan mampu meningkatkan ekspor produk turunan minyak sawit Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat dan akan menurunkan secara signifikan ekspor minyak sawit dalam bentuk CPO.
Hydroxytyrosol induces vascular smooth muscle cells apoptosis through NO production and PP2A activation with subsequent inactivation of Akt.

Olive oil has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases although its molecular mechanism still remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a major phenolic component in olive oil and leaves from OLEA EUROPAEA L. (Oleaceae family), on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) survival, migration, and apoptosis. HT treatment resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of cell survival and migration in the presence or absence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by inducing apoptosis of VSMCs. HT enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner, and the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA blocked HT-mediated effects on VSMCs survival. HT as well as the NO donor SNAP reduced the phosphorylation levels of Akt, suggesting that HT inactivates Akt via NO production with subsequent apoptosis of VSMCs. Moreover, HT-dependent apoptosis and reduction in the phosphorylation level of Akt were suppressed by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that dephosphorylates Akt. In contrast, the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), an upstream activator of Akt, was not affected by HT. Together, these findings indicate that HT could induce VSMCs apoptosis through NO production and PP2A activation followed by inactivation of Akt signaling pathway.
The Emergence of Second‐Tier Auditors in the US: Evidence from Investor Perceptions of Financial Reporting Credibility

We examine changes in the association between auditor type (Big 4, Second‐Tier, and Other non‐Big 4) and perceived financial reporting credibility in the wake of events (e.g., Andersen's failure, the implementation of SOX, creation of the PCAOB, etc.) which led to significant growth in Second‐Tier client portfolios and increased scrutiny of Second‐Tier audit practices. Our results reveal that financial reporting credibility of Second‐Tier clients was lower than that of Big 4 clients and was indistinguishable from that of Other non‐Big 4 clients pre‐Andersen. However, post‐Andersen, we find that financial reporting credibility of Second‐Tier clients is higher than that of Other non‐Big 4 clients and is indistinguishable from that of Big 4 clients. We expect that our results will be of interest to regulators, both in the United States and in the European Union, who have expressed concerns about the current state of competition in the audit market, management and boards of directors that are contemplating switching to a Second‐Tier audit firm, and academics investigating quality differences among audit firm types.
Periosteal chondrosarcoma: a histopathological and molecular analysis of a rare chondrosarcoma subtype

Periosteal chondrosarcoma is a rare, malignant cartilage‐forming neoplasm originating from the periosteal surface of bone. We collected 38 cases from the archives of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours, with the aim of studying histological features and evaluating the involvement of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), EXT, Wnt/β‐catenin, the pRB pathway (CDK4 and p16), and the TP53 pathway (p53 and MDM2).
Tenascin-C Expression in Papulosquamous Disorders Other than Psoriasis in Pediatric Patients: An Epiphenomenon?

Background: Tenascin-C is a large extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in the basal membrane zone during embryonic development, tissue repair, and oncogenesis. In vitro studies suggest that proliferating epithelium induces the production of tenascin-C by mesenchymal cells. Objective: Our goal was to compare the expression of tenascin-C in psoriasis with other papulosquamous disorders of the skin in pediatric patients. Methods: The study was conducted on skin biopsy samples of 37 patients with psoriasis or other papulosquamous disorders. Of the 37 skin biopsy samples, 17 (45.9%) were diagnosed as psoriasis and 20 (54.1%) were diagnosed as other papulosquamous disorders histopathologically, and the expression of tenascin-C was evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: Tenascin-C expression was seen in the dermis of lesional tissues or epidermal keratinocytes in 1 (5.8%) of the 17 biopsy samples diagnosed as psoriasis and 15 (75.0%) of the 20 biopsy samples diagnosed as other papulosquamous disorders (p = .001). Conclusion: Tenascin-C expression was not found to be a staining characteristic of psoriasis lesions. But the significant staining intensity of the tenascin-C expression in other papulosquamous disorders suggests that tenascin-C expression might be an epiphenomenon in the papulosquamous disorders other than psoriasis immunohistochemically. Antécédents: La ténascine-C est une grande protéine de la matrice extracellulaire qui est exprimée dans la membrane basale durant le développement embryonnaire, le processus de réparation des tissus, et l'oncogenèse. Les études in vitro suggèrent que la prolifération épithéliale cause la production de la ténascine-C par les cellules mésenchymateuses.
Subthreshold symptoms and obsessive–compulsive disorder: evaluating the diagnostic threshold

Background In this study we compared subjects with obsessive and/or compulsive symptoms who did not meet all criteria for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (subthreshold subjects) to subjects with full-blown OCD and also to subjects without obsessions or compulsions. Method The data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), a large representative sample of the general Dutch population (n=7076). Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 1.1 (CIDI 1.1), three groups were distinguished: subjects without lifetime obsessions or compulsions (94.2%), subthreshold subjects (4.9%) and subjects with full-blown OCD according to DSM-III-R (0.9%). These three groups were compared on various items, including psychological vulnerability, health and functional status, psychiatric co-morbidity and seeking treatment. Results Subthreshold and OCD subjects had similar scores on the majority of the items measured. Thus, there was little difference between subthreshold and OCD subjects in health, functional status, psychological vulnerability and psychiatric co-morbidity. However, OCD and subthreshold subjects scored worse on most of these items when compared to the controls without obsessions or compulsions. Conclusion Having obsessions and compulsions is associated with substantial suffering and disability. Most subjects with obsessions and/or compulsions are not diagnosed with OCD according to the DSM-III-R criteria although these subjects generally display similar consequences to full-blown OCD subjects. We recommend that these subthreshold cases receive special attention in the development of DSM-V.
An Improved Vector-Control System of PMSM Based on Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper presents a closed loop vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) AC servo system with improved current and speed controller. The effective current and speed controller are designed based on integral separation strategy and fuzzy-PI double mode control strategy. A performance comparison of the proposed PMSM drive system with conventional PI controller based drive system is provided in simulation and experiment. Comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the better dynamic responses in both current and speed for the proposed fuzzy control based PMSM drive system.
The serum protein binding of pharmacologically active gallium(III) compounds assessed by hyphenated CE‐MS techniques

Transition metal‐based drugs exhibit high affinity to the soft donors of human serum proteins, especially of the high‐abundance protein HSA and of transferrin (Tf), whereas Ga(III) salts are known to bind to Tf and other iron‐containing metalloproteins, thereby interfering with the iron metabolism. Herein, the utilization of CE‐MS methods for studying the binding behavior of a therapeutic gallium nitrate formulation and the anticancer drug candidate Tris(8‐oxyquinolinato)gallium(III) to Tf and HSA under simulated physiological conditions is described. Both the Ga(III) salt and the complex were found to bind to Tf exclusively in the presence of carbonate, however, at different kinetics and to a different extent. Fe(III) induces the release of the Ga ions due to the higher affinity constant and also prevents the Ga(III) species from accessing the iron‐binding pockets of Tf. In contrast, only low affinity to HSA was observed and even when present at ca. 20‐fold excess, the majority of the Ga was attached to Tf.
Risk Factors for Substance Use Among Street Children Entering Treatment in India

Background: Although empirical studies have reported on substance use in children in India, multivariable statistical models examining risk factors in children seeking treatment for substance use are largely lacking. The goal of this study was to test a conceptual model predicting age of first use, duration of use of any psychoactive substance, and primary substance of choice from child and family characteristics in a sample of children entering substance use treatment. Methods: This was a single-sample cross-sectional study of 159 children entering a treatment and rehabilitation center in Delhi that provides substance use treatment and teaches children the skills to allow for their re-integration into society. De-identified data were extracted from clinical case records. Summary statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics. Regression analyses were used to examine the proposed conceptual model. Results: Child's age, schooling, and age at first crime were unrelated to age at first use of a psychoactive substance, duration of use of such substances, or choice of primary substance. However, parental and family factors served as risk factors for predicting one or more of these three outcomes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that child psychoactive substance use may have a multidimensional set of possible family and parental origins, and that child factors such as age, education, and age at first crime may play a lesser or insignificant role in a child's psychoactive substance use.
Frequency of Traumatic Ulcerations and Post-insertion Adjustment Recall Visits in Complete Denture Patients in an Iranian Faculty of Dentistry

Background and aims The first few days following the insertion of complete dentures are critical for the patients since they are struggling to adapt to their new dentures. This study aimed to evaluate the most common locations of traumatic ulcerations, their frequency and also the duration and number of adjustment visits required to achieve patient comfort fol-lowing placement of complete dentures. Materials and methods Sixty patients were selected from edentulous patients referring to a removable prosthodontics department. Complete dentures were fabricated for the patients. After placement of dentures, all the patients were evaluated from the day after placement until patient comfort was achieved. Descriptive analysis was performed and chi-squared test was used to evaluate the associations between lesions, post-insertion visits and gender. Results A total of 85.8% of patients required denture adjustment because of mucosal injuries during their first visit fol-lowing denture placement. Maxillary and mandibular dentures did not require further adjustments after fourth and sixth visits, respectively. No significant differences were detected between males and females in the number of mucosal injuries in the anatomical areas evaluated in the maxilla and mandible using Fisher's exact test (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the number of mandibular dentures requiring adjustments was significantly higher than maxillary dentures in all the post-insertion ap-pointments (P < 0.001). Conclusion Since most mucosal injuries are located in the vestibule, adequate extension of denture flanges, especially during border molding, and use of pressure indicators that reveal over-extended borders, play an important role in decreas-ing mucosal injuries and improving patient comfort following complete denture placement.