Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Dose in Abdominal Digital Radiography: Patient Factors

Radiation exposure during diagnostic radiologic examinations is an emerging problem in the United States (1). Among the various types of diagnostic radiologic examinations, digital radiography has become one of the most commonly used techniques. By using automatic exposure control (AEC), some clinical investigators have reported that digital radiography provides a substantial reduction in the radiation dose while maintaining sufficient diagnostic image quality (2-5). However, there is a potential risk of a very high radiation dose being given to oversized patients when an AEC mode is used. Since the exposure time in the AEC mode increases in accordance with the thickness of the patient’s body in order to maintain image quality, obese patients are exposed to a greater radiation dose than thinner patients (6, 7). Previous studies have shown that a patient’s body size, including the abdominal fat thickness, can influence the radiation dose in abdominal radiologic examinations (7-12); however, only a few studies have reported about the influence of patient factors on the effective dose in plain radiography. In addition, metallic devices, such as pancreaticobiliary or gastrointestinal stents, endovascular devices, or spinal metallic instruments, may cause an increase in the radiation dose in patients undergoing abdominal radiography. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify independent factors associated with an inEffective Dose in Abdominal Digital Radiography: Patient Factors 복부 디지털 방사선 촬영에서 증가된 유효선량에 영향을 미치는 요인들
Membrane potential, serum calcium and serum selenium decrease in preeclampsia subjects in Owerri

Background Pre-eclampsia is a serious hypertensive condition of pregnancy associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Women who have had pre-eclampsia have a greater risk of developing hypertension, stroke and ischemic heart disease in later life. The etiology of pre-eclampsia remains unclear. Placental insufficiency plays a key role in the progression of this disease. The aim of this study was to determine membrane potential, serum calcium and serum selenium levels in preeclampsia subjects in Owerri. Methods A case control study involving 200 primigravida (100 preeclamptic and 100 apparently healthy) between the ages of 20 and 32 years attending General Hospital Owerri. Fasting venous blood was collected for the determination of serum selenium and serum calcium while membrane potential was calculated using the Nernst equation. The serum calcium was estimated using Randox Kit and serum selenium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Independent Student t test was used for statistical analysis. Results The results revealed that membrane potential and serum selenium as well as serum calcium were significantly decreased in preeclampsia when compared with the controls, at p<0.05. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the decrease in membrane potential, serum calcium and serum selenium levels may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. There may be a need for increasing the dietary intake of these essential trace metals during pregnancy to prevent pre-eclampsia in Owerri.
Updates on the clinical diagnosis and management of ocular sebaceous carcinoma: a brief review of the literature

Ocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an exceedingly rare but aggressive malignancy that can impair patients’ visual acuity or even cause tumor-specific mortality. This tumor usually mimics chronic benign eyelid lesions, thus leading to delayed diagnosis, thereby causing high recurrence and metastasis. Ophthalmologists should be more aware of SC in order to offer correct diagnosis and treatment at the onset of symptoms. Prompt surgical excision with frozen section margin control is the mainstay of SC management after patient evaluation and accurate biopsy. Mohs micrographic surgery has been associated with better tumor control outcomes than wide local excision. Radiation therapy should be considered as adjuvant treatment for locally advanced (stage T3a or higher) or high-risk (pagetoid spread) SC, nodal metastasis, or palliative care. Cryotherapy and topical chemotherapy are used for pagetoid spread. Targeted therapy has an emerging role in more complicated cases. For lymph node and distant metastasis, combination treatments should be provided, including lymph node and neck dissection, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and even orbital exenteration. The rarity of ocular SC precludes a comprehensive perspective on standard treatment. This paper offers a brief review of recent advances in the clinical diagnosis and management of ocular SC based on current scientific literature.
Neuromuscular blockade in clinical practice in paediatric anaesthesia: retrospective cohort trial in a tertiary paediatric anaesthesia centre

Pozadi. Neuromuskularni blokada je spojena se zlepsenim stavu dýchacich cest pro intubaci a vynikajici podminky pro chirurgicke zakroky (převažně důležitý v laparoskopicke chirurgii). Zbytkova neuromuskularni blokada v pooperacni obdobi je podle nedavne doby publikovaných udajů, spojených s negativnim dopadem na perioperacni morbiditu a umrtnost. Cil. Cilem studie bylo popsat každodenni praxi v klinicke pediatricke anestezii v terciarni dětske nemocnici. Metody. Udaje z anesteziologických zaznamů v obdobi 1.1. 2016 až 31.12. 2016 byly retrospektivně vysetřeny. Primarni výsledky zahrnovaly miru chirurgicke připady s neuromuskularni blokadou, incidence připadů s perioperacnimi monitorovani neuromuskularni blokady a výskyt neuromuskularnich stavů farmakologicke blokovani. Sekundarnimi výsledky bylo použiti myorelaxantů na věk pacienta a delku operace. Výsledek. Celkově bylo ve studii 8046 pediatrických pacientů podrobeno celkove anestezii doba. Svalove relaxanty byly podavany v 1650 připadech (20,5%). Nejcastěji podavaným svalovým relaxantem bylo mivakurium (48,2%, n = 795), nasledovalo cis-atracurium (36,4%, n = 601), suxamethonium (10,3%, n = 170) a rokuronium (7,0%, n = 115). Monitorovani neuromuskularni blokady bylo použito pouze u 2,5% (n = 41) připadů. Aktivni reverzace neuromuskularni blokady byla podavana v 5,8% (n = 95) připadů. Zavěr. Neuromuskularni blokada v dětske anestezii byla meně casta ve srovnani s dospělými. Nizka mira monitorovani neuromuskularni blokady v kombinaci s nizkou mirou aktivniho blokovani může být považovano za nebezpecne kvůli relativně vysoke riziko potencialni zbytkove pooperacni blokady, ktere mohou negativně ovlivnit infuence klinický výsledek.
ScienceDirect The 2014 conference of the International Sports Engineering Association Using Power as a Metric to Quantify Vibration Transmitted to the Cyclist

For the purposes of new product development, the cycling industry requires an objective means of ranking bicycle comfort with regard to vibration response. Acceleration is currently the standard metric used in the industry. Absorbed power and transmitted force have recently been proposed as metrics to quantify bicycle comfort. The objective of this paper is to compare the relative merits of these 3 metrics. Measurements were done while comparing 2 bikes tested on a cobblestone road and on a laboratory simulator. Acceleration and absorbed power give the same anticipated results but the absorbed power has several advantages over the other metrics. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University.
Postnatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors among Married Women in Benchi-Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background In Ethiopia, maternal health service utilization is very low, especially postnatal care (PNC). The percentage of mothers who receive care within two days of childbirth has shown little progress, from 2.4% in 2000 to 13% in 2014. However, it is very far below the expected level as compared to other sub-Saharan regions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess PNC services utilization and its associated factors among married women in Benchi-Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to August 15, 2015. A total of 801 married women was sampled from randomly selected districts in the zone. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect, data and informed consent was obtained from participants. The collected data were entered into the computer using Epi-data version 3.0, and then exported to SPSS Windows version 20.0 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify important predictors of PNC utilization. Result Out of 765 participants, 392(51.24%) of married women who attended PNC in this study. Out of them, more than two-third 305(77.8%) attended mainly to immunize their baby. The vast majority, 251(86.3%), of respondents mentioned lack of information as a main reason for not following PNC, and of them, the majority mentioned that they were appointed to come after 45 days for Family Planning(FP). In comparison with house wives, farmer women were less likely (AOR 0.3, 95 % CI 0.2–0.7) to attend for PNC. Awareness of problems during postnatal period showed the strongest association in which those who knew the problems were about nine times (AOR 8.7 95 % CI 5.6–13.4) more likely to attend PNC. Similarly, married women who followed antenatal care (ANC) were more likely (AOR 2.2 95 % CI 1.1–4.6) to attend PNC in comparison with those who did not attend ANC at all. Conclusion Residence, ANC follow-up, maternal occupation, awareness about problems of postnatal period had effects on use of PNC. In light of this study, providing deep counselling about PNC at the time of ANC visit and discharge after delivery is strongly recommended. Furthermore, targeting more of rural married women may increase PNC utilization.
Intra-articular injection of botulinum toxin type A for shoulder pain in glenohumeral osteoarthritis: a case series summary and review of the literature

Introduction Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, and can be due to glenohumeral osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tear, impingement, tendinitis, adhesive capsulitis, and subacromial bursitis. Several therapies have been proposed, including steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular injections, and physical therapies. Many published studies have reported on the employment of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) to reduce pain in subjects with neurological and musculoskeletal diseases by inhibiting substance P release and other inflammatory factors. Methods In the present article, we briefly update current knowledge regarding intra-articular BoNT therapy, reviewing existing literature on intra-articular use of BoNT-A, including nonrandomized and randomized prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series published from December 1989 to November 2017. We also describe a case series of six subjects treated with intra-articular injection of incobotulinumtoxin A for the treatment of pain deriving from osteoarthritis. Conclusion Intra-articular BoNT-A is effective and minimally invasive. Pain reduction with an increase in shoulder articular range of motion in our experience confirms the effectiveness of BoNT-A injection for the management of this syndrome.
Glutathione transferase U 13 functions in pathogen-triggered glucosinolate 7 metabolism 8

Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, 12 Poland. 13 Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von14 Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany 15 Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 16 Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany 17 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 18 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) Instituto 19 Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 2
Teaching the Software Engineering Process Emphasizing Testing , Rationale and Inspection ( TRAIN )

Students learning software systems development at the University of Heidelberg follow the TRAIN process. This tool supported process emphasizes the early phases of software development by combining different activities and artefacts such as requirements engineering, quality assurance as well as graphical user interface and system design. By the use of TRAIN students are being enabled to finish large software projects. TRAIN focuses especially on various decisions (rationales) in the development process and on several quality assurance activities like testing or inspection. This paper gives a short overview of the TRAIN–process, how it is taught in software engineering courses and how it is supported by a tool called Sysiphus.
A Novel Small-Molecule Integrin Antagonist Inhibits Cells Adhesion Followed By Anoikis in Endothelial Cells - A Comparative Analysis with Cilengitide

Background: Despite the crucial role of integrin receptors in cancer pathogenesis and massive efforts towards establishing clinically relevant drugs, to the present no effective integrin antagonist for the treatment of malignant diseases has been introduced into the clinic. Context and purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to examine the cellular effects and molecular mechanisms of a novel anti-integrin compound designated AV-398/38 and to compare it with cilengitide, one of the most advanced and best characterized αVβ3/αVβ5 integrin antagonists. AV-398/38 is a small molecule integrin antagonist that is currently in an early phase of pre-clinical evaluation. It was identified by virtual screening of chemical databases with the aim to detect novel integrin αVβ3 antagonist-like candidates. Based on preliminary in vitro data, the compound was recognized as a potential anti-neoplastic drug candidate, displaying high specificity and binding affinity in the nanomolar range towards the αVβ3 receptor, as well as showing potentially favorable drug-like properties.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the EUROPEP questionnaire

Background The evaluation of quality of primary health care from the perspective of refugees is very underdeveloped. It depends mainly on the availability of instruments in the language of the refugees. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and examine the psychometric properties especially the internal consistency and convergent construct validity of the Arabic version of the European Project on Patient Evaluation of General Practice Care (EUROPEP) questionnaire. Methods The German version of the EUROPEP questionnaire was translated into Arabic language. In total, 619 Arabic-speaking people were invited to participate in this study. Refugees who lived in collective living quarters in the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein were recruited. The EUROPEP questionnaire is a multidimensional instrument that comprises 23 items, each with a 5-point Likert-type response. Cronbach’s alpha, descriptive statistics, and principal component analysis were used to assess a part of psychometric properties. Convergent construct validity was assessed with the validated questionnaire on satisfaction with ambulatory care – quality from the patient perspective (ZAP questionnaire) by using Spearman rank-order correlation test. Results A total of 136 questionnaires of refugees were returned (response rate 22%). Of these respondents, 95 participants who had visited a general practitioner were included in the validation study. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors, namely, “medical care,” “physician–patient relationship,” “coordination of care,” and “accessibility to care. ” The internal consistency ranged between α=0.942 for “medical care” and α=0.869 for “coordination of care. ” The convergent construct validity is supported by a significant positive correlation between the overall score of the EUROPEP questionnaire and the overall score of the ZAP questionnaire (rrho=0.820; p<0.01). Conclusion The Arabic version of the EUROPEP questionnaire shows appropriate internal consistency and convergent construct validity. The availability of this instrument in Arabic language encourages further research in the field of outcome quality from refugees’ perspective in other health service research projects.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TRUST AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS AS DRIVERS ADAPT TO SAFETY SYSTEMS

Drivers’ acceptance and reliance on technology that mitigate driver distraction depends on several factors including trust. Feedback regarding the degree of distraction can be provided in real-time or as post-trip information. Subjective ratings of trust were collected to assess the influence of these different feedback types in a driving simulator study in which drivers interacted with a distracting secondary task. The results suggest that trust changes over time and that this change is associated with acceptance of feedback, in particular its perceived usefulness. The timing of feedback did not have a significant impact on trust; however drivers generally trusted both feedback timings with males trusting feedback more than females. Understanding how trust develops in the various forms of feedback can provide designers with information to enhance the driver-vehicle interface and to better mitigate the effects of distraction.
Guava leaf extract suppresses osteoarthritis progression in a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model

Abstract Guava leaf extract and ellagic acid, one of its polyphenolic components, inhibit the activity of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 5 (ADAMTS‐5), which is associated with aggrecan degeneration during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA). To investigate the efficacy of guava leaf extract for preventing OA, we examined the effect of its dietary intake on cartilage destruction in anterior cruciate ligament‐transected (ACLT) rats. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: ACLT control rats fed with control diet, ACLT rats fed with diet containing 0.2% guava leaf extract, ACLT rats fed with diet containing 0.5% guava leaf extract, and sham‐operated rats fed with control diet. Mankin's scores, an index of cartilage damage, were higher in rats that underwent ACLT. Guava leaf extract treatment dose‐dependently led to lower Mankin's scores and higher concentrations of ellagic acid in the serum and synovial membrane. Ellagic acid levels in the synovial membrane negatively correlated with cartilage destruction scores. These results suggest that dietary guava leaf extract suppresses OA progression in ACLT rats through ellagic acid‐mediated inhibition of early joint destruction.
Scarab beetles at the interface of wheel invention in nature and culture

In this review some examples of rolling behaviour in nature are described and discussed in terms of the realised degree of wheel-like locomotion. The combination of rotation and the use of the low friction resistance of circular and smooth surfaces to transport a heavy load, as is seen in scarab beetles rolling dung pills, is the closest degree of similarity to a wheel found in nature. Populations of dung rolling scarabs may have benefited from the early domestication of large mammals in the Middle East. I suggest that an increased opportunity to observe pill rolling scarab beetles has inspired humans to invent the wheel.
Peplau’s Theory of Psychodynamic Nursing and the Nurse-Patient Interaction: A Literature Review

The aims of this paper was to review a theoretical model useful for developing nursing knowledge in relation to nurse–patient interactions, Nurses are favorably viewed by the society, most often as virtuous, benevolent, angelic and admirable. Nurses have been stereotyped positively as ‘ministering angels’. This positive view of the profession is frequently experienced first-hand in the clinical practice. The interaction between a nurse and the patient is in about four phases as defined by Peplau this includesOrientation, Identification, Exploitation and Resolution, although these phases are defined separately, there is a considerable level of overlap between them. Issues such as power, the socio-cultural context, and interpersonal competence are shown to be important in the quality of nurse– patient interactions and nurses need to take cognizance of these factors in their interactions with patients. Method: A review of the literature on nurse–patient interaction was carried out to and areas for further studies identified. The literature was reviewed from the following perspectives, (1) nurse communication within the nurse–patient interaction, (2) nurse– patient interaction, (3) patient perception of the nurse– patient interaction, and (4) patient care-seeking communication. Theoretical model: Peplau’s theory of Psychodynamic nursing. Results: Nurse–patient interaction is a central element of clinical nursing practice. This paper shows how Peplau’s model can be used as a theoretical framework for understanding nurse– patient communication. Relevance to clinical practice: Issues such as power, the socio-cultural context, and interpersonal competence are important in the quality of nurse– patient interactions and nurses need to take cognizance of these factors in their interactions with patients.
The Correlation between Islamic Lifestyle and Pregnancy-Specific Stress: A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Study

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is associated with great psychological, emotional and physical stress. In addition to undergoing hormonal changes, pregnant women experience a change in their attitude toward life and learn to re-assess their skills and lifestyle. Lifestyle, in general, and Islamic lifestyle, in particular, is concerned with the different psychological, social and physical aspects of the individual’s life. AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between Islamic lifestyle and pregnancy-specific stress in pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted on 300 pregnant women presenting to prenatal care clinics. Data were collected using a demographic, the Islamic lifestyle and the pregnancy-related stress questionnaires. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.284) between Islamic lifestyle and pregnancy-specific stress (P < 0.01). The stepwise regression showed that the mean score obtained in the pregnancy-related stress questionnaire decreased by 0.75 per year of marriage and by 0.14 per point in the Islamic lifestyle questionnaire. CONCLUSION: There was a significant negative correlation between Islamic lifestyle and pregnancy-specific stress. Training mothers, raising their awareness and encouraging them to adopt an Islamic lifestyle may play a significant role in controlling pregnancy-specific stress.