Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN THE NORTHERN OF OMAN SEA ( PART OF IRANIAN WATERS )

The present study, which deals with the phytoplankton community, was performed in 2010 during preand post-monsoon seasons at the northern part of the Oman Sea. Samples were collected from the Strait of Hormuz to Gwadar using Rosettle bottle sampler. Results showed differences among phytoplankton communities. Revealed that in the pre-monsoon season, Dinophyceae was the most abundant group (91.74%), followed by Bacillariophyceae (5.90%), Cyanophyceae (1.87%), and other groups (0.49%). Meanwhile, in the post-monsoon season, Bacillariophyceae was dominant (86.36%), followed by Dinophyceae (13.15%), Cyanophyceae (0.07%), and other groups (0.42%). During the pre-monsoon season, 150 species were observed, including 56 species of Bacillariophyceae, 87 species of Dinophyceae, 4 species of Cyanophyceae, 2 species of Dicthyochophyceae and 1 species of Silicoflagellate. In the post-monsoon season, 139 species were observed, including Bacillariophyceae (65), Dinophyceae (69), Cyanophyceae (4), Dicthyochophyceae (2) and Silicoflagellate (1). Therefore, a higher number of phytoplankton taxa were associated with pre-monsoon season. Bray–Curtis similarity index showed similarities of species composition between the two seasons at 36.26% level. ANOSIM Analysis showed a difference in species composition between the two seasons (global R=0.36). The results of this study showed that the monsoon wind has a significant effect on the phytoplankton community.
Conflict Management: A Gap in Business Education Curricula

Conflict management is a significant and unavoidable part of a manager's role in an organization. Employees need conflict management skills to manage themselves, make decisions, and work effectively in the ever-increasing team environment of today's organizations. In the present article, the author demonstrates the disconnect between the importance of conflict resolution skills in organizations and their lack of emphasis in undergraduate business curricula through a study of university Web sites from U.S.- and non-U.S.- based schools.
Incentives , Self-selection , and Social Norms in the Labor Contract : A Two-stage Field Experiment in the Philippines

This paper decomposes productivity difference between fixed wage (FW) contract and individual piece rate (IPR) contract into self-selection and incentive effects, using a unique two-stage field experiment. We offered an option of switching to IPR contract for agricultural workers in the Philippines, whose default option has traditionally been FW contract, and we converted random half of those who opted for IPR contract back to the original FW contract. By comparing three groups, i.e., those who chose and worked under IPR contract, those who chose IPR but worked under FW contract, and those who chose and worked under FW contract, we find that the self-selection effect accounts for 60% of the productivity difference between the two types of contract. By combining with the data collected from lab-in-the field experiments, we find that the choice of IPR contract is associated with social norm parameters, namely, inequity aversion and kinship tax rate. Exploiting our random group assignment, we also find that the influence of social norm is particularly strong when a worker anticipates high probability of repeated interaction with other group members.
SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.)

In the last few years, there has been a tremendous increase in our knowledge about the use of microbial mediated approaches such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Rana et al., 2015) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Kirti et al., 2016) to improve plant growth through enhanced supply of essential nutrients and sustain soil health. PGPR are recognized as eco-friendly, non-hazardous, nonbulky and economically suitable substitute for modern agriculture practices for plant productivity and protection because the chaotic use of chemical or synthetic compounds have created environmental pollution, health hazards and also induced phytotoxicity. PGPR colonize plant root interiors, migrate to the different plant parts exclusively in the intercellular space and exert beneficial effects on plant growth either indirectly or directly; indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of one or more phytopathogenic organisms; while direct promotion of plant growth by PGPR involves either providing plants with a compound synthesized by the bacterium or facilitating the uptake of certain nutrients from the environment (Dutta et al., 2014). PGPR includes the genera Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Rhizobium and Serratia (Dursan et al., 2008). The predominant PGPR’s belong to genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas because of their association with soil organic matter, nutritional diversity and rapid growth rate (Joshi and Bhatt, 2011). Since there are no commercial PGPR formulations for cherry, therefore effective strategies for selection of superior indigenous strains of PGPR are needs of the hour. Thus the current study was undertaken to isolate, screen and characterize bacterial isolates from cherry orchards in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh with special allusion to their plant growth promoting abilities.
The Neoclassical Theory of the Firm Under Moral Hazard

We develop a neoclassical theory of the firm under moral hazard with endogenous employment, endogenous capital, and an external competitive labor market. The crucial assumptions are that effort becomes harder to measure as employment grows and the exogenous parameters are affiliated. The model explains why incentives decline but wages rise with firm size, the mixed evidence on the risk-reward tradeoff, and the positive correlation between wages and profits. In the long run there is a positive relationship between incentives and risk driven by endogenous capital. Finally, the model makes novel predictions about the relationship between incentives and aggregate labor market conditions. JEL Classifications: D02, D21, D86, J31, M52.
V-shaped Disposition Effect and Investors ’ Underreaction to Earnings News

We attempt to explain investors’ underreaction to earnings news using the newly documented refinement of the disposition effect, which is the V-shaped net selling propensity (VNSP). Using the novel dataset containing more specific stock-level information on trading activity by different types of investors, we find the both large unrealized capital gains and losses positively predicts subsequent stock returns in the Korean stock markets. Furthermore, investors’ net selling propensity affects stock price drift after earnings announcement. Among the good news stocks, a post announcement drift is more pronounced when they suffer from higher net selling propensity by stockholders. Furthermore, these empirical results only hold when we construct VNSP based on individual trading activity. Interestingly, the classic disposition effect does not induce underreaction to earnings news in our
Genetic Divergence , Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield Attributing Traits in Pearl Millet [ Pennisetum Glaucum ( L . ) R . Br ] Inbreds

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] is the staple food grain and as a source of feed, fodder, fuel and construction material for hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest [1-3]. Pearl millet is one of the major cereals grown, primarily for grain production, occupying more than 29 mha in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia [1]. India is the largest producer of pearl millet in Asia and occupied an area of 7.95 mha with production of 8.79 mt and productivity 1106 kg/ha [4]. Pearl millet in India is mainly grown in kharif season and resistant to drought in comparison to other cereals. Pearl millet is ‘high energy’ coarse cereal with high starch (70%) in dry grain, protein (10-12%) and 5-7% fat. It is also rich in Calcium and Iron having low contents of fibre. Besides its importance as food and feed crop, pearl millet is an ideal plant species for genetic studies because of its small diploid genome with large chromosome, abundant phenotypic variation with protogynous flowering nature. Progress in any crop improvement programme depends on the magnitude of genetic variability and heritability present in the source material.The extent of variability is measured by GCV and PCV which provides information about relative amount of variation present in different characters. Genetic variability studies provide information about the genetic properties of the population. Grain yield character is quantitative in nature and polygenetically inherited. Simple correlation does not take into account the extremely complex inter relationship between various characters that are related to dependent variable. A more realistic study is desirable through path coefficient analysis by partitioning the correlation coefficients for understanding direct and indirect contribution of various traits towards grain yield.The present investigation was conducted with the objectives to characterize 49 inbreds using morphological and agronomical characters, provide information on inter-relationship of yield with other important yield components and to partition the genotypic correlation coefficients into their direct and indirect effects. Abstract
L 2 VOCABULARY ACQUISITION FROM AND WHILE READING An Eye-Tracking Study

Previous studies have shown that reading is an important source of incidental second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. However, we still do not have a clear picture of what happens when readers encounter unknown words. Combining offl ine (vocabulary tests) and online (eye-tracking) measures, the incidental acquisition of vocabulary knowledge from reading and the online reading of unknown lexical items were examined. L2 English learners read a story containing unknown items while their eye movements were recorded. After eight exposures, L2 readers recognized the form and the meaning of 86% and 75% of the target nonwords, respectively, whereas they recalled the meaning of 55% of the nonwords. After three to four encounters, nonwords were read signifi cantly faster, and by eight encounters they were read in a similar manner to previously known real words. Results also showed a positive relationship between new vocabulary learning outcomes and online reading, with longer reading times associated with higher vocabulary recall test scores. The study was also conducted with fi rst language (L1) readers to provide baseline data for comparison. Results confi rmed the L2 fi ndings while also indicating an interesting L1-L2 distinction in the rate rather than in the ultimate outcome of the acquisition process.
ADVANCED CONDITION MONITORING FOR LIME KILNS

Advanced signal processing methods combined with automatic fault detection enable reliable condition monitoring even when long periods of continuous operation are required. Intelligent techniques for combining features have been studied in a lime kiln. Lime kilns are essential parts in the chemical recovery cycle of a pulp mill. These large machines with very slow rotation speeds must run at different production capacities and speeds. Alignment problems of the kiln are severe because of the high weight affecting on the supporting rolls. Problems may lead to serious damage or even fire. A large set of previously collected measurements has been analysed with intelligent models based on new features. The set of data covers surface problems, good conditions after grinding, misalignment after grinding, stronger misalignment, very good conditions after repair work, and good conditions one year later. The condition indices developed for the supporting rolls provide an efficient indication of failure situations also in new cases without any changes in the calculation system. Faulty cases are clearly detected and even an early indication of the friction increase is achieved. The features are directly generated from the higher order derivates of the acceleration signals, and the model is based on expertise. All the supporting rolls can be analysed using the same system. The detection of the faulty situation is the most important step. An indication of the fault types, surface damage and alignment problems, can be achieved with a more detailed analysis.
Real Estate Investment Performance and Macroeconomic Dynamics in Nigeria : A Sectorial Analysis

This study examined macroeconomic determinants of real estate investment performance in Nigeria. The growing housing problems and the critical role that real estate can play in solving the housing and other shelter-related as well as macroeconomic problems such as poor economic growth, made this study necessary. Specific objectives were to investigate individual effect of inflation, exchange rate, and per capita GDPr on performance of real estate investment in terms of its contribution to the growth of gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study adopted quantitative research method and used secondary data for the period of 37 years (19802017). The analysis was performed using OLS multiple regression with lagged dependent variable model to account for endogeneity in the data set. Results show that inflation, and GDPr each has significant positive while exchange rate has significant negative effect on real estate sector performance. Based on these findings, it is concluded that inflation, per capita GDPr and exchange rate are important macroeconomic determinants of real estate performance in Nigeria. The study recommends that since monetary policy directives, often times, dovetail these macroeconomic factors, targeting inflation and growth of per capita GDP in future policies could significantly improve real estate sector performance and ultimately solve the perennial housing and related problems in Nigeria.
PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE PROMOTING BEST PRACTICES IN A MULTITASK WORKPLACE : EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON CHECKLISTS *

Employers often identify best practices and encourage workers to use them. We consider how best to incentivize best practices by analyzing data from field experiments at an auto repair firm. The best practice we consider is the use of checklists by mechanics during car inspections. We find that low-powered incentives to use checklists generate much better outcomes than highpowered incentives. High-powered incentives for checklist use had the effect of crowding out time for actual repairs. We explain this result using a modified multitask principal-agent model that predicts an inverted-U relationship between incentive strength on one task and overall output. These results illustrate how moderate incentives for best practices may have large benefits even in a multitask setting, while strong incentives can be counterproductive.
30 PM-5 : 30 PM Tourists ’ Emotional Experiences with an Event and Their Consequences

Successful tourism marketing requires assessing a tourist’s satisfaction because this satisfaction will influence their destination choices, products/services consumption, behavioral intentions, and quality of life (QOL) to return to the same destinations or events. This study attempts to develop a conceptual framework, based on the Consumption Emotion Set (CES), to identify relationships among consumption emotions, overall tourists’ satisfaction, perceived QOL, and loyalty towards a specific event. The theoretical framework also identifies important emotional factors affecting tourists’ overall satisfaction as well as loyalty and perceived QOL. Furthermore, implications for tourism/destination marketers or event/festival planners and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Does Reciprocity Shape Tax Morale? Evidence from Field-Experimental Variation in Tax Collection Costs

We exploit a randomized field experiment to investigate how administrative efficiency affects tax morale. The context of the experiment is a German church tax that builds on voluntary compliance. We inform taxpayers about a reduction in collection costs and find counteracting effects on compliance, depending on baseline tax morale. High tax morale types reciprocate cost reductions and increase their tax payments. In contrast, low tax morale types free-ride on cost reductions and pay even less. We conclude that reciprocity is a component of tax morale, but less motivated taxpayers are unlikely to reciprocate improvements in administrative efficiency with higher compliance. JEL codes: C93, D64, H26, H71, K34, Z12
The identification and modeling of visual cue usage in manual control task experiments

Many fields of endeavor require humans to conduct manual control tasks while viewing a perspective scene. Manual control refers to tasks in which continuous, or nearly continuous, control adjustments are required. Examples include flying an aircraft, driving a car, and riding a bicycle. Perspective scenes can arise through natural viewing of the world, simulation of a scene (as in flight simulators), or through imaging devices (such as the cameras on an unmanned aerospace vehicle). Designers frequently have some degree of control over the content and characteristics of a perspective scene; airport designers can choose runway markings, vehicle designers can influence the size and shape of windows, as well as the location of the pilot, and simulator database designers can choose scene complexity and content. Little theoretical framework exists to help designers determine the answers to questions related to perspective scene content. An empirical approach is most commonly used to determine optimum perspective scene configurations. The goal of the research effort described in this dissertation has been to provide a tool for modeling the characteristics of human operators conducting manual control tasks with perspective-scene viewing. This is done for the purpose of providing an algorithmic, as opposed to empirical, method for analyzing the effects of changing perspective scene content for closed-loop manual control tasks.
Buyer Power in Highly Competitive Industries

This paper analyzes the competitive effects of buyer power in a vertically related industry in which upstream and downstream firms sell homogeneous products and compete in prices. We identify a new rationale why buyer power is anti-competitive: Buyers compete in the upstream market by overbidding to exclude their rivals from the downstream market. This leads to final-consumer prices above marginal costs, and to positive profits for firms at both layers, despite the fact that they sell homogeneous products. By contrast, with seller power, the equilibrium involves marginal cost pricing. Our results contrast with the long-standing wisdom, developed by Galbraith (1952), that incentives of downstream firms and final consumers with respect to the wholesale prices are aligned. ∗We thank Matthew Ellman, Herbert Dawid, Roman Inderst, Bruno Jullien, Hans-Theo Normann, Patrick Rey, Gabriele Rovigatti, Józef Sákovics, Nicolas Schutz, Dongsoo Shin and Christian Wey. †Collegio Carlo Alberto, Piazza Arbarello, 8, 10122 Torino, Italy. E-Mail: matthijs.breugem@carloalberto.org. ‡Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Department of Economics, Sonnemannstr. 9-11, 60314 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. E-Mail: m.reisinger@fs.de. §Monopolkommission, Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 8, 53113 Bonn. E-Mail: tim.thomes@gmail.com. ¶Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Privacy , Information Acquisition , and Market Competition ∗

This paper analyzes how the endogenous availability of personal information affects market outcomes in a two-sided market where sellers target advertisements to individuals who have varying privacy concerns. I focus on how a market entrant that has worse targeting technology than an incumbent is affected by a lack of information. I show that an entrant is disproportionately affected by consumers’ privacy concerns. The welfare analysis shows that privacy concerns and the resulting market outcomes may lower consumer surplus and social welfare. Therefore, individually optimal decisions on data disclosure might not be socially optimal when aggregated. The empirical evidence, which is based on Google Android App Market data, corroborates the hypotheses in the model and the effectiveness of specific policy remedies that are derived from the theoretical findings.
The Relationship Between Dividend Yield and Equity Market Value

Campbell and Shiller (1998) observed a relationship between current dividend yield and the future value of the equity market. We replicated this analysis and extend it to include standard ECM analysis for the Australian equity market using equity market data for the period from 1882 to 2002. Consistent with Campbell and Shiller we observe a positive relationship between the currently observed dividend yield and future equity market value and the ECM analysis supports this result. Given the historically low dividend yields observed in recent times the estimated model suggests a fall in the Australian equity market over the next 10 years. Contact information Richard Heaney, School of Economics and Finance, Business, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Phone (03) 9925 5905 Fax (03) 9925 5986, Richard.Heaney@rmit.edu. au and Vlad Pavlov, Faculty of Business, Economics and Finance, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Phone: (07) 3864 2704, fax. (07) 3864 2500, v.pavlov@qut.edu. au.
Choice of Pricing Rule with Privately Informed Buyers ∗

If different buyers are aware of the market to different extents, it benefits a seller to price discriminate between them. Buyers, however, have private information on their types, making price discrimination difficult, unless buyers are given a role in self-determining price. This paper explores the incentives a seller has in allowing buyers to determine the price they pay, and investigates whether and which sellers would be able to do so, and to what extent. A comparison of three policies a posted price for all buyers, an invited bid per buyer, and price matching leads to propose that price matching is a solution to the information problem, combining elements of the other two policies. A seller’s adoption of it depends on the price distribution in the market and the extent of its adoption by its rivals. On one hand, adopting price matching raises a seller’s posted price; while on the other hand, the lowest price in the market is set with incentives to discourage the adoption of price matching by the rest of the market. ∗I wish to thank Kevin Siqueira, Bernhard Ganglmair, Gary Bolton, Daniel Arce, Jason Parker, attendees of the Texas Economic Theory Camp 2014, the International Conference on Game Theory 2015, and the UECE Lisbon Meetings 2015 for important comments, suggestions and criticisms that have helped improve this paper. All remaining errors are mine. †University of Texas at Arlington. Email: sneha.bakshi@uta.edu