Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 1.5-Å Structure of XplA-heme, an Unusual Cytochrome P450 Heme Domain That Catalyzes Reductive Biotransformation of Royal Demolition Explosive*

XplA is a cytochrome P450 of unique structural organization, consisting of a heme- domain that is C-terminally fused to its native flavodoxin redox partner. XplA, along with flavodoxin reductase XplB, has been shown to catalyze the breakdown of the nitramine explosive and pollutant hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive) by reductive denitration. The structure of the heme domain of XplA (XplA-heme) has been solved in two crystal forms: as a dimer in space group P21 to a resolution of 1.9 Å and as a monomer in space group P21212 to a resolution of 1.5 Å, with the ligand imidazole bound at the heme iron. Although it shares the overall fold of cytochromes P450 of known structure, XplA-heme is unusual in that the kinked I-helix that traverses the distal face of the heme is broken by Met-394 and Ala-395 in place of the well conserved Asp/Glu plus Thr/Ser, important in oxidative P450s for the scission of the dioxygen bond prior to substrate oxygenation. The heme environment of XplA-heme is hydrophobic, featuring a cluster of three methionines above the heme, including Met-394. Imidazole was observed bound to the heme iron and is in close proximity to the side chain of Gln-438, which is situated over the distal face of the heme. Imidazole is also hydrogen-bonded to a water molecule that sits in place of the threonine side-chain hydroxyl exemplified by Thr-252 in Cyt-P450cam. Both Gln-438 → Ala and Ala-395 → Thr mutants of XplA-heme displayed markedly reduced activity compared with the wild type for royal demolition explosive degradation when combined with surrogate electron donors.
Reken-wiskundeonderwijs anno 2007 - tussen oude waarden en nieuwe uitdagingen

In de media woedt al meer dan een jaar een discussie over de kwaliteit van het rekenonderwijs in Nederland. In deze bijdrage wordt een poging gedaan om een en ander in een historisch en inhoudelijk kader te plaatsen, en - niet in de laatste plaats - in een toekomstgericht perspectief. We investeren immers in het onderwijs met het oog op de toekomst van de leerlingen. Het betoog is als volgt opgezet. Eerst wordt de aanname dat het rekenonderwijs vroeger beter was besproken. Daarna wordt ingegaan op aanleiding en inhoud van de vernieuwing van het rekenonderwijs die enkele tientallen jaren geleden werd ingezet. Vervolgens wordt gekeken naar hoe dit uitwerkt in internationaal vergelijkend onderzoek naar rekenprestaties. Aansluitend worden de uitkomsten van het Nederlandse peilingsonderzoek, PPON, besproken en geinterpreteerd. In verband daarmee wordt ook de onvolledige implementatie van de beoogde vernieuwing van het rekenonderwijs aan de orde gesteld. Ten slotte wordt gekeken naar de ontwikkelingen in de maatschappij en met name naar de gevolgen van informatisering en globalisering op de toekomstige arbeidsmarkt en de consequenties daarvan voor het rekenonderwijs. Op basis hiervan worden enkele aanbevelingen gedaan.
The severity of clinical manifestations in preeclampsia correlates with the amount of placental infarction

Objective. To correlate placental histopathology, in particular ischemic changes, with the clinical severity of preeclampsia. Design. A blinded retrospective study. Setting. One Swedish hospital. Sample. One hundred and fifty‐seven women with severe (n= 116) or mild (n= 41) preeclampsia and 157 normotensive women matched according to gestational‐age. Methods: One senior pathologist, blinded to clinical data and group, examined all histological slides. In the statistical analyses, adjustment for gestational week was done when appropriate. Main outcome measures. Placental histopathological findings. Results: Amount of infarction increased with the severity of preeclampsia (p < 0.001). Infarction involving ≥5% of the placental tissue was seen in 39.7% of severe preeclampsia, 17.1% of mild preeclampsia and 5.1% of non‐preeclampsia. When comparing placentas in severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia and non‐preeclampsia, there was an increase in the presence of any infarction (80.2%, 61.0%, vs. 20.4%). Also, there was a difference in the presence of decidual arteriopathy (35.3%, 22.0%, vs. 3.8%) and accelerated villous maturation (71.6%, 53.3%, vs. 12.6%). We found no difference in intervillous thrombosis, abruption placenta or placental weight in relation to gestational week. Conclusions. In pregnancies with mild or severe preeclampsia, a large proportion of the placentas had histological signs of pathology, in particular signs of ischemia. The pathology was similar, but more pronounced in severe compared to mild preeclampsia, suggesting mild and severe preeclampsia to have similar underlying etiology.
Automatic Classification of Staphylococci by Principal-Component Analysis and a Gradient Method

Hill, L. R. (Università Statale, Milano, Italy), L. G. Silvestri, P. Ihm, G. Farchi, and P. Lanciani. Automatic classification of staphylococci by principal-component analysis and a gradient method. J. Bacteriol. 89:1393–1401. 1965. —Forty-nine strains from the species Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. lactis, S. afermentans, and S. roseus were submitted to different taxometric analyses; clustering was performed by single linkage, by the unweighted pair group method, and by principal-component analysis followed by a gradient method. Results were substantially the same with all methods. All S. aureus clustered together, sharply separated from S. roseus and S. afermentans; S. lactis and S. saprophyticus fell between, with the latter nearer to S. aureus. The main purpose of this study was to introduce a new taxometric technique, based on principal-component analysis followed by a gradient method, and to compare it with some other methods in current use. Advantages of the new method are complete automation and therefore greater objectivity, execution of the clustering in a space of reduced dimensions in which different characters have different weights, easy recognition of taxonomically important characters, and opportunity for representing clusters in three-dimensional models; the principal disadvantage is the need for large computer facilities.
Effects of planting methods and tuber weights on growth and yield of yam cultivars (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in Gabon

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of planting methods and tuber weight on growth and yield of local yam cultivars obtained by the minisett technique from white yam (D. rotundata) in Gabon. Trials were carried out in 2014 and 2015 at the experimental ground of the Higher National Institute of Agronomy and Biotechnology, under natural conditions of lightness, temperature and relative humidity. Twentyfour weeks old mini tubers obtained from local cultivar MVA of D. rotundata were harvested, weighed and categorized (40-80g; 100-150g; 200-300g), and three planting methods (horizontal, oblique and vertical),arranged in ridges constituted the main factors. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design with eighteen treatments and two replications. Data pertaining to sprouting were recorded for 30, 60, 90 and 180 DAP, for tuber length (cm), tuber weight (Kg) and number of tubers per plant 270 DAP. Significant differences among tuber weight in all variables tested were observed. The larger tubers had better sprouting ability than the rest of the tuber weight. The methods of planting had no effects on yield and its components but they affect the depth and spread of tubers. Vertical planting produced deeper but more compactly arranged tubers while horizontal planting produced tubers which were shallower but more widespread. Slanting was intermediate for both depth and spread. The number and weight of tubers obtained from mini tubers planted out according to slanting method were significantly different (P< 0.05) from other planting methods. The production of seedlings from mini tuber is an improvement of traditional production of seed yam. Mini tubers must have at least 100-300 g and they should be planted slanting or vertically.
Helping in the home.

☐ Spend 20 minutes stretching. ☐ Practice a skill used in your sport team. ☐ Do as many squats as you can without stopping. ☐ Skip for 2 minutes non-stop (this can be done without a skipping rope). Instructions: Read through the activities carefully & tick the box as you complete the activity. You will need to ask your teacher if you need help with anything & ask your parents to give you an effort rating in each box & sign below. LITERACY “Must do” activities
Generation of Functional Dopamine Neurons from Neural Precursor Cells Isolated from the Subventricular Zone and White Matter of the Adult Rat Brain Using Nurr1 Overexpression

Neural precursor (NP) cells from adult mammalian brains can be isolated, expanded in vitro, and potentially used as cell replacement source material for treatment of intractable brain disorders. Reduced ethical concerns, lack of teratoma formation, and possible ex vivo autologous transplantation are critical advantages to using adult NP donor cells over cells from fetal brain tissue or embryonic stem cells. However, the usage of adult NP cells is limited by the ability to induce specific neurochemical phenotypes in these cells. Here, we demonstrate induction of a dopaminergic phenotype in NP cells isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) and white matter of rodent adult brains using overexpression of the nuclear receptor Nurr1 in vitro. Forced expression of Nurr1, a transcriptional factor specific to midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron development, caused in the adult cells an acquisition of the DA neurotransmitter phenotype and sufficient differentiation toward morphologically, phenotypically, and ultrastructurally mature DA neurons. Co‐expression of neurogenic factor Mash1 and treatment with neurogenic cytokines brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 greatly enhanced Nurr1‐induced DA neuron yield. The Nurr1‐induced DA neurons demonstrated in vitro presynaptic DA neuronal functionality, releasing DA neurotransmitter in response to depolarization stimuli and specific DA reuptake. Furthermore, Nurr1‐engineered adult SVZ NP cells survived, integrated, and differentiated into DA neurons in vivo that can reverse the behavioral deficit in the host striatum of parkinsonian rats. These findings open the possibility for the use of precursor cells from adult brains as a cell source for neuronal replacement treatment of Parkinson disease.
A Closer Look at Trust Between Managers and Subordinates: Understanding the Effects of Both Trusting and Being Trusted on Subordinate Outcomes

Despite previous calls to examine trust from the perspectives of both the manager and subordinate, most studies have exclusively focused on trust in the manager. The authors propose that trust in the subordinate has unique consequences beyond trust in the manager. Furthermore, they propose joint effects of trust such that subordinate behavior and intentions are most favorable when there is high mutual trust. Findings reveal unique relationships of trust in manager and trust in subordinate on performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and intentions to quit. Furthermore, the interaction of trust in manager and trust in subordinate predicts individual-directed OCB in the hypothesized direction.
Analysis of electric field and current density in an electrostatic precipitator

This paper aims at analysis of the monopolar ionized field in an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP). The corona parameters are analyzed by a combined iterative computational technique based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Charge Simulation Method (CSM). We proposed the introduction of a potential corresponding to the critical minimum ionization field directly in the finite element formulation as a Dirichlet condition. The computational model is validated by a comparison with experimental measurements of current density and electric field and with data from the electrostatic precipitator literature on a simple system.
Multiple Solutions to Problems in Mathematics Teaching: Do Teachers Really Value Them?.

Solving problems in different ways is strongly advised for mathematics learning and teaching. There is, however, little data available on the examination of teachers' openness to and evaluation of different solutions to the problems. In this paper, the author examines classroom teachers' openness to different solutions (or to what extent they value different solutions) to problems and how they evaluate (grade) these solutions. For this purpose, two questionnaires including items on students' different solutions are applied to about 500 classroom teachers. In this paper, only two items related to the focus of the study are analysed. The findings show that teachers do not value different solutions and have difficulties in grading students' different solutions. The issues that these findings raise are discussed in detail.
Time lapse study of neurite growth in hypothalamic dissociated neurons in culture: Sex differences and estrogen effects

Cultures of dissociated hypothalamic cells taken from rat fetuses of 19 days of gestation were studied using time‐lapse recording and sequential microphotography from 1 to 5 days in vitro (DIV) and at 7 and 21 DIV. Cultures were seeded with cells taken from fetuses grouped by sex or sexually mixed; experimental cultures were raised in medium containing 17‐β‐estradiol 100 nM (E2). Cells were plated on poly‐D‐lysine‐coated coverslips at a culture density of approximately 4,000 cells/cm2. Immunocytochemistry of cell cultures was performed using a Tau monoclonal antibody (clone Tau‐1 PC1C6) and a monoclonal antibody against MAP‐2 (clone AP‐20). Cells started to produce lamellipodia and neuritic processes approximately 4 hr after plating. Forty‐eight hours later a few neurons had defined their morphological polarity by the differentiation of an axon‐like process that grows faster than the others; at 5 DIV almost all neurons had defined their axons. At this time, monoclonal antibody against MAP‐2 clearly stained soma and dendrites, but not axons. Tau immunoreactivity (lots CCA101 and CCA101N from Boeringher Mannheim) was differentially distributed, with a clear predominance in axon and soma. Results on the morphometric analysis of control and E2 treated neurons provide direct evidence for the existence of sex related differences in the neurite out‐growth response of hypothalamic neurons, since cultured neurons taken from female fetuses differentiated axons later and had fewer primary neurites and shorter dendrites than neurons taken from male fetuses or sexually mixed cultures. Also, it was demonstrated in living neurons that E2 effectively enhances outgrowth and elongation in axons. The frequency distribution curves of axonal length for control and E2 treated cultures was unimodal, suggesting that the effect of E2 was a uniform increase in the axonal length of all neurons. The structural differences between neurons from both sexes and the changes induced by E2 may contribute to explain the differences in brain function found between the sexes. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fault localization using a model checker

If a program does not fulfill its specification, a model checker can deliver a counterexample. However, although such a counterexample shows how the specification can be violated, it typically comprises large parts of the program and gives little information about which of the visited statements is responsible for the error. In this article, we show that model checkers can also be used to perform model‐based diagnosis and thus fault localization. The approach leads to significantly more precise diagnoses than the state‐of‐the‐art and typically rules out 90–99% of the code as possible fault locations. The approach is general and can be applied to any system that is amenable to model checking (with respect to language and complexity). To demonstrate the applicability and high precision of our approach, we present implementations for C programs using two different model checking tools and show experimental results from the TCAS case study and an integration with the DDVerify framework to debug Linux device drivers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on Interactions of Endocrine Disruptors with Estrogen Receptor-β Using Fluorescence Polarization

In this study, we developed a rapid, simple and homogeneous human recombinant estrogen receptor- ß (hrER- ß ) binding assay method using fluorescence polarization (FP) by applying a fluorescent ligand, fluorescein-labeled estradiol (F-E2). A Scatchard plot and a Hill plot analysis of the saturation binding assay using F-E2 and hrER- ß were studied. F-E2 showed a high affinity for hrER- ß , the dissociation constant was 5.53 nM, indicating that F-E2 is applicable to the hrER- ß binding assay. Competitive binding assays using F-E2, in which the FP values decreased upon the addition of compounds (competitors) were carried out to evaluate the binding characteristics of compounds with and without biological activities to hrER- ß . Twenty-one compounds, such as hormones, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals and phytoestrogens, were examined. The obtained sigmoidal inhibition curves were transformed into pseudo-Hill plots and the concentrations at 50% inhibition (IC_50) and Hill coefficients, the degree of cooperativity in ER-ligand binding, were obtained from the regression equations. Antagonists exhibited larger Hill coefficients than agonists, showing the correlation between the Hill coefficients and the estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities.
Factors of Workplace Environment that Affect Employees Performance: A Case Study of Miyazu Malaysia

This study aims to investigate the effect of workplace environment’s factors towards employees’ performance. Data was collected through the survey method; total 139 employees were participated from three main workplace of Miyazu (M) Sdn. Bhd. Based on the findings it shows that only supervisor support is not significant towards the employees’ performance. Meanwhile, job aid and physical workplace environment are having a significant relationship towards the employees’ performance.
Uniqueness of the Unconditional Basis of

We prove that the quasi-Banach spaces 1 p and p 1 (0<p<1) have a unique unconditional basis up to permutation. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 46A35, 46A45, 46A16, 46B15, 46B42, 46B45
Calcium channels in excitable cell membranes.

The existence of calcium permeability in excitable cells has been appreciated for 30 years (3 I)-almost as long as we have known about voltage-depend­ ent permeabilities to sodium and potassium (46, 47). Yet, to this day, our understanding of Ca channels has lagged far behind our knowledge of Na or K channels. This situation is ironic because Ca channels are widely distributed and rival their better-characterized counterparts in diversity of biological function (42). Ca channels play a crucial role in coupling mem­ brane excitation to cellular responses such as secretion or contraction. They are primarily responsible for some specialized but very interesting forms of excitability-e.g. in the nodal regions of the heart (14, 76), the cilia of Paramecium (11, 12), or the dendrites (64) or growth cones (6) of certain neurons. Unlike Na channels, Ca channels are often modulated by hor­ mones and neurotransmitters. For many years, biophysical or biochemical analysis of Ca channels has been seriously hampered by experimental problems (e.g. 42, 81). No prepa­ ration has been as suitable and no drug as specific for Ca channels as the squid axon and tetrodotoxin are for Na channels. But the state of the art has improved recently with the development of powerful methods for recording Ca channel activity and of blocking drugs that may interact with Ca channels in a potent and specific manner. We now know that Ca channels are pores, capable of transferring millions of permeant ions per second, whose voltage-dependent properties clearly distinguish them from pumps or exchange mechanisms described elsewhere in this volume. There is growing appreciation that Ca channels can be
Comparative Prime-Boost Vaccinations Using Semliki Forest Virus, Adenovirus, and ALVAC Vectors Demonstrate Differences in the Generation of a Protective Central Memory CTL Response against the P815 Tumor1

Tumor-specific Ags are potential target molecules in the therapeutic treatment of cancer. One way to elicit potent immune responses against these Ags is to use recombinant viruses, which activate both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system. In this study, we have compared Semliki Forest virus (SFV), adenovirus, and ALVAC (poxvirus) vectors for their capacity to induce CD8+ T cell responses against the P1A tumor Ag and to elicit protection against subsequent challenge injection of P1A-expressing P815 tumor cells in DBA/2 mice. Both homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens were studied. In most cases, both higher CD8+ T cell responses and better tumor protections were observed in mice immunized with heterologous prime-boost regimens, suggesting that the combination of different viral vectors is beneficial for the induction of an effective immune response. However, homologous immunization with SFV provided potent tumor protection despite a rather moderate primary CD8+ T cell response as compared with mice immunized with recombinant adenovirus. SFV-immunized mice showed a rapid and more extensive expansion of P1A-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node after tumor challenge and had a higher frequency of CD62L+ P1A-specific T cells in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes as compared with adenoimmunized mice. Our results indicate that not only the magnitude but in particular the quality of the CD8+ T cell response correlates with tumor protection.
PtdIns(4,5)P2 interacts with CaM binding domains on TRPM3 N-terminus

TRPM3 has been reported to play an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis, but its gating mechanisms and regulation via Ca2+ are unknown. Ca2+ binding proteins such as calmodulin (CaM) could be probable modulators of this ion channel. We have shown that this protein binds to two independent domains, A35-K124 and H291-G382 on the TRPM3 N-terminus, which contain conserved hydrophobic as well as positively charged residues in specific positions, and that these residues have a crucial impact on its binding. We also showed that another Ca2+ binding protein, S100A1, is able to bind to these regions and that CaM and S100A1 compete for these binding sites on the TRPM3 N-terminus. Moreover, our results suggest that another very important TRP channel activity modulator, PtdIns(4,5)P2, interacts with the CaM/S100A1 binding sites on the TRPM3 N-terminus with high affinity.