Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescribing practices in two health care facilities in Warri Southern Nigeria: A comparative study.

Purpose: Inappropriate prescribing has been identified in many health facilities in developing countries. The pu rpose o f t his s tudy was to e valuate the p rescribing p ractices in two health care facilities in Warri located in south-south geopolitical region of Nigeria and identify factors influencing the practices. Method: WHO Prescribing Indicators were app lied to e valuate 2000 prescription records, retrospectively, f rom a p rivate and a pub lic hospital i n Warri. Factors influencing the prescribing p ractices in the facilities were identified through informal i nterviews of 10 prescribers in the facilities. Using a self-administered que stionnaire ad ministered to 40 prescribers in the facilities, we also evaluated the order of importance of the factors affecting drug prescribing. Results: Average number of drugs per encounter in the hea lth facilities is 3.4 (3.9 in the public hospital and 2.8 in the private hospital). Generic prescribing was generally low (54% in the pub lic hospital and 16% in the p rivate hospital) while the percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed was high (75% in the pub lic hospital and 55% in the private hospital). Antimalarials, antihypertensives, antidiarrhoeals and analgesics accounted for 47.4%, 7.5%, 1.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The o veruse o f drugs and generic prescribing were significantly lower in the private hospital than in the public hospital. Major factors influencing prescribing p ractices included drug a vailability, clinician’s level of t raining, cost of drugs, feedback from patients and socio-economic status of patients. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, overuse of antibiotics and low rate generic prescribing still occur in the hea lth facilities s tudied. Drug a vailability, clinician’s level of t raining, cost of drugs, feedback from patients and socio-economic s tatus of patients are major factors influencing prescribing in the facilities.
Prospects of Using the Dynamic Thermal Rating System for Reliable Electrical Networks: A Review

Traditional transmission line ratings are limited by a set of fixed conservative weather assumptions that are also known as static thermal rating (STR). Owing to STR, new line corridors are continuously required to address increasing electricity demands while minimizing the curtailment of renewable energy sources (RES). However, the expansion of an electricity network is expansive, long, and limited due to the scarcity in land and space. To overcome this issue, researchers have proposed a dynamic thermal rating (DTR) system that can increase the capacity of existing transmission lines. Research has shown that actual line ratings are higher than STR most of the time. The potential of using the DTR system to increase the reliability of power systems is therefore significant. Almost every country has begun the process of increasing the integration of RES, and consequently, the DTR system has become increasingly important. Exploring and reviewing critical studies on the DTR system are thus beneficial for researchers who are interested in the developments of DTR technology. This review paper begins by comparing the two main DTR system standards. Then, monitoring technologies of the DTR system are reviewed. Notable research on the reliability impacts of the DTR system on electrical networks are surveyed. Interactions with wind power and other smart grid technologies are also examined, and the concept of power system reliability is briefly discussed.
A Bayesian framework for hierarchical relaxation

Our aim in this paper is to develop the formal basis for hierarchical probabilistic relaxation. The adopted approach is an evidence combining one and relies on the specification of the relaxation process in terms of Bayesian probability distributions. The approach is novel and represents a considerable advance in extending the functionality of relaxation processes. In particular, since many tasks in computer vision are formulated in terms of hierarchies of increasingly abstract image representations, the technique holds out the promise of providing a framework in which constraints from different levels can be brought to bear objectively on the interpretation task.
What is meant by hybridity? An investigation of hybridity and related terms in genre studies

Abstract This article is an investigation and a discussion of hybridity and related terms as used in linguistic studies of genre. The theoretical points that are made are illustrated with data from empirical research done by others and with the authors’ own data. The focus is on written texts but hybridity in spoken interaction is also discussed. The article defines the notion of genre and discusses (proto)typicality in relation to genre and hybridity. Recontextualization is also discussed. This is followed by a discussion of terms that have been used to talk about the processes of hybridity, firstly, as used in research that has mainly been done on spoken interaction. The focus then turns to terms that have mainly been used in research on written texts: sequential intertextuality, genre embedding, genre appropriation, genre blending, as well as terms referring to pervasive trends such as commodification. Terms that take a product-like perspective on hybridity are then discussed. First there is a discussion of terms, such as “macrogenre,” which are used to describe the products of hybridization. This is followed by a discussion of genre chains and superordinate categories, such as “genre colonies,” grouped together because of the hybridizing forces that permeate them.
LBT/LUCIFER near-infrared spectroscopy of PV Cephei - An outbursting young stellar object with an asymmetric jet

Context. Young stellar objects (YSOs) occasionally experience enhanced accretion events, the nature of which is still poorly understood. The discovery of various embedded outbursting YSOs has recently questioned the classical definition of EXors and FUors. Aims. We present a detailed spectroscopic investigation of the young eruptive star PV Cep, to improve our understanding of its nature and characterise its circumstellar environment after its last outburst in 2004. Methods. The analysis of our medium-resolution spectroscopy in the near-infrared (NIR, 0.9–2.35 μm), collected in 2012 at the Large Binocular Telescope with the IR spectrograph LUCIFER, allows us to infer the main stellar parameters (visual extinction, accretion luminosity, mass accretion and ejection rates), and model the inner disc, jet, and wind. Results. The NIR spectrum displays several strong emission lines associated with accretion/ejection activity and circumstellar envi
tomic force microscopy of living and fixed Xenopus laevis embryos

Xenopus laevis embryos are a rather simple and at the same time a very interesting animal model, which is widely used for research in developmental biology. Intensive coordinated cell movements take place during the multi-cellular organism development. Little is known of the cellular, molecular and biomechanical mechanisms of these movements. The conceptual framework for analysis of cell interactions
Clinical characteristics of adolescent cases with Type A insulin resistance syndrome caused by heterozygous mutations in the β‐subunit of the insulin receptor (INSR) gene

Type A insulin resistance (IR) is a rare form of severe congenital IR that is frequently caused by heterozygous mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene. Although Type A IR requires appropriate intervention from the early stages of diabetes, proper diagnosis of this disease is challenging, and accumulation of cases with detailed clinical profiles and genotypes is required.
What Motivates Buy-Side Analysts to Share Recommendations Online?

We examine why buy-side analysts share investment ideas on SumZero.com, a private social networking website designed to facilitate interaction and information sharing among buy-side professionals. We explore labor market motivations for information sharing and document that analysts with strong incentives to build a reputation (i.e., those who did not attend a top 10 university and those employed at small funds) are significantly more likely to share recommendations. Our findings indicate that analysts who share ideas are more likely to change jobs and that the likelihood of employment change is positively related to the ratings provided by peers. We also document that analyst recommendations generate significant returns when they are posted on SumZero and that prices drift in the direction of the recommendation. Long-window returns are particularly strong for contrarian buy recommendations and for most sell recommendations. Overall, we show that buy-side analysts share valuable private information in an .
Detection of felis catus papillomavirus type 3 and 4 DNA from squamous cell carcinoma cases of cats in Japan

Association of felis catus papillomaviruses (FcaPVs) with feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported worldwide, while there is limited information about FcaPVs in Asia. In this study, 21 feline SCC biopsy samples from cats in Japan were analyzed by PCR with PV consensus primers and type-specific primers for FcaPV type 2 (FcaPV-2), FcaPV-3 and FcaPV-4 designed in this study. Sequence analysis revealed that one sample was FcaPV-3, and two were FcaPV-4. In both FcaPV-4 positive samples, 334th tryptophan in L1 ORF was deleted compared with the reference sequence. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that p16 protein was positive in both FcaPV-4 detected samples. This study would contribute to the molecular epidemiological and pathological understanding of FcaPV in Japan.
Semi-Supervised Learning for Monocular Gaze Redirection

We present a new approach to monocular learning-based gaze redirection problem in images that is able to train on raw sequences of eye images with unknown gaze directions and a small amount of eye images, where the gaze direction is known. The proposed approach is based on a pair of deep networks, where the first encoder-like network maps eye images to a latent space, while the second network maps pairs of latent representations to warping fields implementing the transformation between the pair of the original images. In the proposed system, both networks are trained in an unsupervised manner, while the gaze-annotated images are only used to estimate displacements in the latent space that are characteristic to certain gaze redirections. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation suggests that such characteristic displacement vectors in the learned latent space can be learned from few examples and are transferable across different people and different imaging conditions.
Survey Of Current Practices In Peri-Operative Management Of FESS Patients And Review Of Literature

Introduction Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a well-established strategy for management of sinus disease following failure of maximal medical therapy. Preoperative optimisation and postoperative care have impact on the ultimate outcome. However, at present, there is lack of evidence and guideline in terms of the optimal peri-operative care. Objective The aim of this study is to survey the peri-operative management protocols currently used by Otolaryngologists in Singapore and to compare the differences in management between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and recurrent nasal polyps (NP). Methods Questionnaire survey was performed to collect data regarding pre-operative medications, post-operative nasal packing practices as well as post-operative medications. Results Questionnaires were sent to a total of 90 Otolaryngologists registered under the Singapore Medical Council and 25 Otolaryngology registrars. We received a response rate of 61%(70/115). Preoperatively, chronic rhinosinusitis patients received oral steroids less often than those who underwent primary FESS(p<0.001) and revision FESS(p<0.001) for nasal polyposis. Preoperative oral antibiotics(59%) were commonly prescribed in all groups of patients. Postoperatively, chronic rhinosinusitis patients received oral steroids less often than those who underwent primary FESS(p<0.001) and revision FESS(p<0.001) for nasal polyposis. Although there is a trend towards the use of nasal packing with infusion for primary FESS and revision FESS for nasal polyposis compared to chronic rhinosinusitis, this was not statistically significant.The infusion agent of choice was triamcinolone
Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Assessment of the Shared Pathological Traits

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most prevalent diseases in the elderly population worldwide. A growing body of epidemiological studies suggest that people with T2DM are at a higher risk of developing AD. Likewise, AD brains are less capable of glucose uptake from the surroundings resembling a condition of brain insulin resistance. Pathologically AD is characterized by extracellular plaques of Aβ and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. T2DM, on the other hand is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In this review we have discussed how Insulin resistance in T2DM directly exacerbates Aβ and tau pathologies and elucidated the pathophysiological traits of synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and autophagic impairments that are common to both diseases and indirectly impact Aβ and tau functions in the neurons. Elucidation of the underlying pathways that connect these two diseases will be immensely valuable for designing novel drug targets for Alzheimer's disease.
DETERMINATION OF PROTON STOPPING POWER IN HOT PLASMA AT KALIF

First stopping power experiments with proton beam from a pinch reflex diode at the Karlsruhe Light Ion Facility KALIF have been performed and compared with the results of theoretical predictions. The maximum proton energy in these experiments is 1.5 MeV. The peak power density on the target is between. 0.15 to 0.3 TW/sq.cm. An enhancement of proton stopping power up to a factor of 2.6 is observed. These results are analysed with the target code KATACO. There is a good agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental results. The analysis shows that plasma temperatures of about 25 eV are achieved at KALIF.
Tracking the Spatiotemporal Neural Dynamics of Real-world Object Size and Animacy in the Human Brain

Animacy and real-world size are properties that describe any object and thus bring basic order into our perception of the visual world. Here, we investigated how the human brain processes real-world size and animacy. For this, we applied representational similarity to fMRI and MEG data to yield a view of brain activity with high spatial and temporal resolutions, respectively. Analysis of fMRI data revealed that a distributed and partly overlapping set of cortical regions extending from occipital to ventral and medial temporal cortex represented animacy and real-world size. Within this set, parahippocampal cortex stood out as the region representing animacy and size stronger than most other regions. Further analysis of the detailed representational format revealed differences among regions involved in processing animacy. Analysis of MEG data revealed overlapping temporal dynamics of animacy and real-world size processing starting at around 150 msec and provided the first neuromagnetic signature of real-world object size processing. Finally, to investigate the neural dynamics of size and animacy processing simultaneously in space and time, we combined MEG and fMRI with a novel extension of MEG–fMRI fusion by representational similarity. This analysis revealed partly overlapping and distributed spatiotemporal dynamics, with parahippocampal cortex singled out as a region that represented size and animacy persistently when other regions did not. Furthermore, the analysis highlighted the role of early visual cortex in representing real-world size. A control analysis revealed that the neural dynamics of processing animacy and size were distinct from the neural dynamics of processing low-level visual features. Together, our results provide a detailed spatiotemporal view of animacy and size processing in the human brain.
Wheat differential gene expression induced by different races of Puccinia triticina

Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, causes significant losses in wheat yield and quality each year worldwide. During leaf rust infection, the host plant recognizes numerous molecules, some of which trigger host defenses. Although P. triticina reproduces clonally, there is still variation within the population due to a high mutation frequency, host specificity, and environmental adaptation. This study explores how wheat responds on a gene expression level to different P. triticina races. Six P. triticina races were inoculated onto a susceptible wheat variety and samples were taken at six days post inoculation, just prior to pustule eruption. RNA sequence data identified 63 wheat genes differentially expressed between the six races. A time course, conducted over the first seven days post inoculation, was used to examine the expression pattern of 63 genes during infection. Forty-seven wheat genes were verified to have differential expression. Three common expression patterns were identified. In addition, two genes were associated with race specific gene expression. Differential expression of an ER molecular chaperone gene was associated with races from two different P. triticina lineages. Also, differential expression in an alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase gene was associated with races with virulence shifts for leaf rust resistance genes.
Exploring causality mechanism in the joint analysis of longitudinal and survival data

In many biomedical studies, disease progress is monitored by a biomarker over time, eg, repeated measures of CD4 in AIDS and hemoglobin in end‐stage renal disease patients. The endpoint of interest, eg, death or diagnosis of a specific disease, is correlated with the longitudinal biomarker. In this paper, we examine and compare different models of longitudinal and survival data to investigate causal mechanisms, specifically, those related to the role of random effects. We illustrate the methods by data from two clinical trials: an AIDS study and a liver cirrhosis study.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome in a Twin Pregnancy Complicated by a Complete Retraction

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is usually associated with a CGG repeat expansion >200 repeats within the FMR1 gene, known as a full mutation (FM). FM alleles produce abnormal methylation of the FMR1 promoter with reduction or silencing of FMR1 gene expression. Furthermore, premutation (PM: 55–199 CGGs) and full mutation alleles usually expand in size when maternally transmitted to progeny. This study describes a PM allele carried by the mother decreasing to a normal sized allele in a male from a dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancy, with the female twin inheriting FM (200–790 CGGs), PM (130 CGGs) and normal-sized (39 CGGs) alleles. Further evidence of instability of the maternal PM allele was shown by a male proband (older brother) mosaic for PM (CGG 78 and 150 CGGs) and FM (200–813 CGGs), and a high level of FMR1 promoter methylation, between 50 and 70%, in multiple tissues. The fully-retracted, normal-sized allele was identified by PCR CGG sizing in the male twin, with no evidence of a FM allele identified using Southern blot analysis in multiple tissues collected postnatally and prenatally. Consistent with this, prenatal PCR sizing (35 CGGs) showed inconsistent inheritance of the maternal normal allele (30 CGGs), with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage analysis confirming that the abnormal FMR1 chromosome had been inherited from the mother’s PM chromosome. Importantly, the male twin showed no significant hypermethylation of the FMR1 promoter in all pre and postnatal tissues tested, as well as normal levels of FMR1 mRNA in blood. In summary, this report demonstrates the first postnatal follow up of a prenatal case in which FMR1 mRNA levels were approaching normal, with normal levels of FMR1 promoter methylation and normal CGG size in multiple pre and postnatally collected tissues.
Effects of whole-body cryotherapy duration on thermal and cardiovascular response

Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is the exposure of minimally dressed participants to very cold air, either in a specially designed chamber (cryo-chamber) or cabin (cryo-cabin), for a short period of time. Practitioners are vague when it comes to recommendations on the duration of a single session. Recommended exposure for cryo-chamber is 150 s, but no empirically based recommendations are available for a cryo-cabin. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine thermal and cardio-vascular responses after 90, 120, 150 and 180 s of WBC in a cryo-cabin. Our hypothesis was that skin temperature would be significantly lower after longer exposers. Twelve male participants (age 23.974.2 years) completed four WBC of different durations (90, 120, 150 and 180 s) in a cryo-cabin. Thermal response, heart rate and blood pressure were measured prior, immediately after, 5 min after and 30 min after the session. Skin temperature differed significantly among different durations, except between 150 and 180 s. There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure. Thermal discomfort during a single session displayed a linear increase throughout the whole session. Our results indicate that practitioners and clinicians using cryo-cabin for WBC do not need to perform sessions longer than 150 s. We have shown that longer sessions do not substantially affect thermal and cardio-vascular response, but do increase thermal discomfort. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
‘Real‐world’ compensatory behaviour with low nicotine concentration e‐liquid: subjective effects and nicotine, acrolein and formaldehyde exposure

Abstract Aims To compare the effects of (i) high versus low nicotine concentration e‐liquid, (ii) fixed versus adjustable power and (iii) the interaction between the two on: (a) vaping behaviour, (b) subjective effects, (c) nicotine intake and (d) exposure to acrolein and formaldehyde in e‐cigarette users vaping in their everyday setting. Design Counterbalanced, repeated measures with four conditions: (i) low nicotine (6 mg/ml)/fixed power; (ii) low nicotine/adjustable power; (iii) high nicotine (18 mg/ml)/fixed power; and (iv) high nicotine/adjustable power. Setting London and the South East, England. Participants Twenty experienced e‐cigarette users (recruited between September 2016 and February 2017) vaped ad libitum using an eVic Supreme™ with a ‘Nautilus Aspire’ tank over 4 weeks (1 week per condition). Measurements Puffing patterns [daily puff number (PN), puff duration (PD), interpuff interval (IPI)], ml of e‐liquid consumed, changes to power (where permitted) and subjective effects (urge to vape, nicotine withdrawal symptoms) were measured in each condition. Nicotine intake was measured via salivary cotinine. 3‐Hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3‐HPMA), a metabolite of the toxicant acrolein, and formate, a metabolite of the carcinogen formaldehyde, were measured in urine. Findings There was a significant nicotine concentration × power interaction for PD (P < 0.01). PD was longer with low nicotine/fixed power compared with (i) high nicotine/fixed power (P < 0.001) and (ii) low nicotine/adjustable power (P < 0.01). PN and liquid consumed were higher in the low versus high nicotine condition (main effect of nicotine, P < 0.05). Urge to vape and withdrawal symptoms were lower, and nicotine intake was higher, in the high nicotine condition (main effects of nicotine: P < 0.01). While acrolein levels did not differ, there was a significant nicotine × power interaction for formaldehyde (P < 0.05). Conclusions Use of a lower nicotine concentration e‐liquid may be associated with compensatory behaviour (e.g. higher number and duration of puffs) and increases in negative affect, urge to vape and formaldehyde exposure.