Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of atlanto-occipital dissociation correlates with atlanto-occipital distraction, injury severity score, and neurologic status.

BACKGROUND Case series suggest that atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) is a potentially survivable injury. Intuitively, a significant neurologic injury, a high degree of initial distraction, and more severe associated injuries would decrease the likelihood of survival. However, this has never been demonstrated for this injury pattern in a statistically meaningful way. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of atlanto-occipital distraction, presence of a complete neurologic injury, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) to the rate of survival in AOD. METHODS One thousand one hundred seventy-four patients from 2005 to 2009 comprehensive trauma database were retrospectively reviewed. Fourteen patients diagnosed with AOD were included in the study. Outcome measures assessed included survival, neurologic status, and ISS. The basion-dens interval (BDI) was measured on the computed tomography scan. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon's test were used to evaluate possible associations. RESULTS Six patients died with complete, high cervical, spinal cord injuries. Follow-up for survivors ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Mortality was associated with the presence of complete neurologic deficit (p = 0.0047), a high basion-dens interval (>16 mm, p = 0.015), and a high ISS (p = 0.0373). CONCLUSIONS AOD is a potentially survivable injury; however, there may be identifiable subsets of patients where the injury is so severe that treatment is unlikely to change the outcome. This is the first study to show that the ISS and the presence of a complete neurologic injury correlate with nonsurvivability of this devastating injury. A larger case series would help to generalize the results, given the small sample size.
Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Life Span Perspective

Cognitive impairment is a core Feature oF schizophrenia. The evolution oF cognitive impairment over the liFe span may clariFy whether schizophrenia is best characterized as a neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorder. Children who later develop schizophrenia show delayed language acquisition, intellectual impairment, and poorer academic perFormance than peers. These premorbid intellectual deFicits may worsen beFore illness onset. Although patients show pervasive intellectual impairment at First episode, this deFicit does not appear to worsen through middle age. Gerontological patients remain poorly characterized, but a subset oF chronic, institutionalized patients may show Further intellectual and Functional decline in old age. From a cognitive perspective, schizophrenia may be best viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder initiated by genetic or environmental Factors in the prenatal period. These early changes may contribute to premorbid cognitive impairment and to subsequent disturbances oF neural connectivity and transmission.
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: comparison of outcomes according to prostate size in 97 Japanese patients.

PURPOSE To review the outcomes associated with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) to identify the efficacy and safety in relation to the prostate size in subjects with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of the data from 97 patients who had undergone HoLEP combined with mechanical morcellation. All patients completed both the preoperative and the 6-month postoperative assessment. The morbidity and improvement in the outcome variables were compared in groups classified according to the baseline prostate volume: <50 cm3 (group 1), >or=50 cm3-<100 cm3 (group 2), and >or=100 cm3 (group 3). RESULTS The peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoiding residual urine volume (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) score all improved significantly after HoLEP, and no significant differences were observed among the groups. The mean total operation times were 70.3, 99.1, and 155.5 minutes for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.0001 group 1 v group 2 v group 3). The mean times required to complete the enucleation and morcellation were 44.7 v 66.5 v 107.3 minutes (P < 0.0001) and 8.6 v 10.9 v 23.8 minutes (P < 0.0001), respectively. The efficacy for tissue enucleation and morcellation was 0.44 v 0.57 v 0.75 g/min (P < 0.0001) and 2.5 v 3.3 g/min (P = 0.016) v 3.2 g/min (P = 0.035). The mean hemoglobin loss after HoLEP was greater in group 3 than in group 1 (P = 0.036), but it was still low (1.8 g/dL). Major complications included bladder-muscle injury in one patient in group 2 and one in group 3 and long-lasting urinary incontinence in one patient in group 1 and one in group 2 (2.1%). No blood transfusion or transurethral resection syndrome was observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Holmium laser enucleation is an effective treatment for symptomatic BPH independent of prostate size.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Association With Body Mass Index and Lipid Levels in Hispanic American Adolescents

In this retrospective study, vitamin D deficiency was examined with body mass index (BMI) and lipid levels in a sample of Hispanic American adolescents. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among 234 subjects aged 13 to 19 years was 27.8%. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with a BMI of 85 kg/m2 or higher (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-3.69, χ2 = 5.37, P = .021), and 55.6% of the sample were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 85%). In the overweight or obese subjects, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with higher mean lipid levels compared with those with adequate vitamin D levels: total cholesterol = 165 ± 28.6 mg/dL versus 145.7 ± 27.5 mg/dL, P = . 0003; low-density lipoprotein = 92.7 ± 25.7 mg/dL versus 80.8 ± 21.4 mg/dL, P = . 007; and triglycerides = 148.9 ± 97.1 mg/dL versus 90.6 ± 40.7 mg/dL, P = . 0000. The mean triglyceride level of 148.9 mg/dL in the overweight or obese subjects was in the dyslipidemic range. In the underweight and healthy weight subjects (BMI ≤ 84), there was no statistically different lipid levels between the vitamin D adequate and vitamin D deficient groups. The effect of vitamin D on lipid levels was confirmed by regression analysis. Elevated lipids and dyslipidemic triglyceride levels, associated with vitamin D deficiency in overweight or obese Hispanic American adolescents, indicates a need for clinical monitoring and appropriate intervention.
Lean Startup Approach on Product Design and Manufacture Facility Planning in Uncertain Business Climate

Successful companies can provide the products that suit to consumer desire. There are two approaches in the product manufacturing process which are Product Development Process and Lean Startup. This study aims to demonstrate the conception of Lean Startup and its application in product design particularly in uncertain business climate. After comparing the two methods, Lean Startup approach is appropriate since the validation process in each product development process will certainly increase the possibility of products that suit to the consumer desires and reduce the time needed starting from product design to the market. In order to support Lean concept in the whole processes, there are two techniques that might be applied to support lean operational system, which are the formation of one worker multiple machine (OWMM) cells and Group Technology (GT) cells.
Prospects for Disrupting Rhizome Apical Dominance Prior to Chemical Treatment of Phalaris arundinacea

Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a widely distributed invasive species that dominates many natural areas and restoration sites. Cost-effective suppression and restoration strategies need to be developed for plant communities affected by this species. Pretreatments designed to disrupt rhizome apical dominance may augment herbicide performance by making reed canarygrass rhizomes more susceptible to herbicide applications. I tested whether coupling pretreatment disking or kinetin application to herbicide application would enhance chemical control relative to only solitary herbicide application. I also evaluated the relative performance of two grass-selective herbicides, sethoxydim and fluazifop. All treatments suppressed reed canarygrass and indirectly led to improvements in existing native species abundance compared to the untreated control. In terms of reed canarygrass suppression, non–reed canarygrass aboveground biomass, and species diversity (Shannon’s diversity), fluazifop performed as well as sethoxydim. Reed canarygrass biomass was consistently lower in plots where either disking or kinetin pretreatments were coupled with herbicide application than in plots receiving only herbicide treatment, though the degree of additional suppression varied with choice of herbicide. When sethoxydim was used for follow-up herbicide applications, disking reduced reed canarygrass biomass more than the kinetin pretreatment, but when fluazifop was used, kinetin pretreatments and disking were similar in their suppressive effect. Results of this study suggest that coupling these pretreatments with herbicide application can improve grassselective herbicide performance on reed canarygrass.
A case of mistaken identity? The role of injury representations in chronic musculoskeletal pain

Abstract Purpose: To explore how patients construe bodily injury, examine how injury representations change over the course of a rehabilitation program and how injury representations influence adaptation and recovery trajectories. Methods: A case study method was used with qualitative interviews as the primary data source. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted three times over the course of a 12-week intensive interdisciplinary occupational rehabilitation program with one interview 1 month following discharge. To capture changes in rehabilitation trajectories, data analysis employed a narrative approach informed by Bury (progression, regression, and stability) and Frank’s (chaos, restitution, and quest) approaches. Results: Sixteen patients (10 men and 6 women) were disabled as a result of persistent pain and impairment from a variety of work injuries participated. Progression/restitution narratives were characterized by the transformation of bone and nerve problems to include soft tissue elements. These participants expanded their scope of injury representations and appraisal to include neurobiological aspects of chronic pain and dimensions of psychosocial well-being, and linked diagnostic representations to self-management strategies in a functional manner. Conclusion: Body representations of injury morphology and pain mechanisms are important objects of fear and acceptance for injury recovery. Active strategies that encourage a “hands on” understanding of diagnosis may prove most effective in treating persistent pain. Implications for Rehabilitation Patient representations of pain and body injury are windows into the personal experience of individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. When patients enter programs, practitioners need to assess what the patient believes is wrong with their body and what will be helpful in rectifying the problem. Based on their initial assessment, practitioners need to direct education and activity toward shifting patient beliefs to include elements of soft tissue and a broader scope of pain sensitization and psychological impact. Activity-based intervention is essential for creating coherence between injury and pain representations and coping action. During rehabilitation, practitioners need to monitor patient beliefs about their injury. Shifting beliefs are signs that the patient is adopting a more adaptive cognitive stance toward their injury. Lack of movement indicates that the message is not getting through and the approach needs to be modified. When working with patients to transform beliefs, a collaborative approach might be best to increase trust and reduce reactance.
Septal organ of Grüneberg is part of the olfactory system

The olfactory system in rodents and many other mammals is classically divided into two anatomically separate, and morphologically distinct, sensory systems: the main olfactory system and the accessory olfactory system. We have now identified a novel third population of olfactory marker protein‐expressing sensory neurons that is located in a discrete pocket of the rostral nasal septum, which we refer to as the septal organ of Grüneberg (SOG). Neurons in this region of the septum are located in the submucosa, in small grape‐like clusters, rather than in a pseudostratified neuroepithelium, as seen in both the olfactory and vomeronasal neuroepithelia. Despite their unusual location, axons projecting from the SOG neurons fasciculate into several discrete bundles and terminate in a subset of main olfactory bulb glomeruli. These glomeruli most likely represent a subset of atypical glomeruli that are spatially restricted to the caudal main olfactory bulb. The unique rostral position of the SOG suggests that the SOG may be functionally specialized for the early detection of biologically relevant odorants. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:834–844, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting Mammalian Target of Rapamycin by Rapamycin Prevents Tumor Progression in an Oral-Specific Chemical Carcinogenesis Model

The increased molecular understanding of cancerous growth may now afford the opportunity to develop novel therapies targeting specific dysregulated molecular mechanisms contributing to the progression of each cancer type. In this regard, the aberrant activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), thus representing a potential molecular target for the treatment of HNSCC patients. The ability to translate this emerging body of information into effective therapeutic strategies, however, has been hampered by the limited availability of animal models for oral malignancies. Here, we show that the administration in the drinking water to mice of 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide, a DNA adduct-forming agent that serves as a surrogate of tobacco exposure, leads to the progressive appearance of preneoplastic and tumoral lesions in the tongue and oral mucosa, with 100% incidence after only 16 weeks of carcinogen exposure. Remarkably, many of these lesions evolve spontaneously into highly malignant SCCs few weeks after 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide withdrawal. In this model, we have observed that the activation of the Akt-mTOR biochemical route represents an early event, which is already detectable in dysplastic lesions. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of mTOR by the chronic administration of rapamycin halts the malignant conversion of precancerous lesions and promotes the regression of advanced carcinogen-induced SCCs. Together, these findings support the contribution of the mTOR signaling pathway to HNSCC progression and provide a strong rationale for the early evaluation of mTOR inhibitors as a molecular-targeted strategy for HNSCC chemoprevention and treatment.
Heart disease in infants of diabetic mothers

Congenital anomalies occur more commonly in infants born to diabetic mothers, and cardiac defects predominate. Although respiratory problems are also frequently found in those infants, they need to be differentiated from cardiovascular problems that such patients may also have, which include cardiovascular maladaptation to extra-uterine life, congenital heart defects and hypertrophic septal cardiomyopathy. A high index of suspicion is required as the specific management may vary and digoxin, or inotropic agents which may be used in heart failure associated with structural heart defects are contraindicated if hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is present. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prognosis and available diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The need for antenatal fetal echocardiography in pregnant diabetic mothers is also reviewed, as well as the controversial role of maternal glycemic control in the prevention of these anomalies.
Presurgical Nasoalveolar Orthopedic Molding in Primary Correction of the Nose, Lip, and Alveolus of Infants Born with Unilateral and Bilateral Clefts

This addendum to the “State of the Art Dental Treatment of Predental and Infant Patients With Clefts and Craniofacial Anomalies,” by Prahl-Andersen (Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000;37:528–532), offers an extended perspective on this controversial subject. This article reviews the role of combined nasal and alveolar (nasoalveolar) molding in the primary correction of the nose, lip, and alveolus of infants born with unilateral and bilateral clefts. The background of presurgical nasoalveolar orthopedic molding, the technique, and the literature are presented. The proposed benefits of treatment from the traditional techniques of presurgical orthopedics have been shown to be unsubstantiated (Kuijpers-Jagtman and Prahl, 1996). A close comparison of the proposed benefits of earlier forms of presurgical orthopedics, along with those of the current technique of nasoalveolar molding, is presented.
Bipolar cells in the zebrafish retina

Abstract Zebrafish are an existing model for genetic and developmental studies due to their rapid external development and transparent embryos, which allow easy manipulation and observation of early developmental stages. The application of the zebrafish model to vision research has allowed for examination of retinal development and the characteristics of different retinal cell types, including bipolar cells. In particular, bipolar cell development, including differentiation, maturation, and gene expression, has been documented, as has physiological properties, such as voltage- and ligand-gated currents, and neurotransmitter receptor and ion channel expression. Mutant strains and transgenic lines have been used to document how bipolar cell connections and/or development may be altered, and toxicological studies examining how environmental factors may impact bipolar cell activity have been performed. The purpose of this paper was to review the existing literature on zebrafish bipolar cells, to provide a comprehensive overview of current information pertaining to this retinal cell type.
Return Anomalies “Disposition Effect and Momentum”: Evidence from the Egyptian Stock Market

Purpose: The persistence of momentum in stock returns across both developed and emerging markets and the challenges that it poses against the Efficient Market Hypothesis created a need to explain its existence. Grinblatt and Han (2005) formulated a model to explain momentum using a well documented behavioral bias which is the Disposition effect. The focus of this paper is to analyze whether disposition effect drives momentum in the Egyptian stock market as one of the growing emerging markets that faces a considerable lack in behavioral studies. Design/methodology/approach: The study is quantitative in nature studying whether disposition effect drives momentum using a sample of 48 companies through the time period 2004–2010. The relation between disposition effect and momentum will be analyzed empirically using Fama Macbeth cross-sectional regression. Findings: Results show that there is no momentum in stock returns in the Egyptian stock market. In addition they show that disposition effect does not drive momentum in the Egyptian stock market as there is no significant relation between expected return and capital gain overhang. The results reveal useful insights about the Egyptian stock market that can be of beneficial use for both practitioners and academics. Research limitations/implications: Limited number of active companies in the Egyptian stock market as well as the limited available historical data poses some restrictions in the implementation of Fama Macbeth regression and the calculation of reference price. In addition analyzing the profitability of momentum strategies across different market states may be required to provide complete picture about momentum in the market. Practical implications: Relative strength strategies do not earn abnormal return in the Egyptian stock market, so practitioners are not advised to follow such strategies. In addition more advanced market mechanisms should be applied in the Egyptian stock market to improve its efficiency as well as increase the speed of information dissemination in the prices. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of literature review reveals a significant gap in academic studies about the Egyptian stock market. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing whether there is momentum in stock returns and whether disposition effect drives momentum in the Egyptian stock market that differs from other markets where Grinblatt and Han (2005) has been previously applied and hence this provides an out of sample test of the model.
Children Attending Addiction Treatment Services in Dublin, 1990–1999

In Europe, adolescent substance misuse increased during the 1990s. Ireland has among the highest rates of substance misuse among schoolchildren in Europe. We sought to describe the socio-demographic and drug misuse profile of children presenting to addiction treatment services in Dublin during the 1990s. Of the 9,874 individuals who sought addiction treatment, 1,953 (20%) were aged less than 18 years. There was a sharp increase in the number of children after 1993. The main drug of abuse was an opiate in 48% of cases. Compared to adults, the children were more likely to be female and less likely to inject. As the decade progressed the proportion of girls increased, injecting was reported more frequently and there was a dramatic rise in heroin misuse. Child heroin users were more likely to be female and to be homeless compared to their adult counterparts. This study highlights the need for a dedicated service for child drug users in Dublin.
Distribution and Spread of Parthenium Weed [Parthenium hysterophorus L.) Infestation in Western Oromiya, Ethiopia

Parthenium hysterophorus is believed to be introduced to Ethiopia through East Hararge/Jigjig/Dire Dhawa, since then this alien weed is well established and started to spread and infest to other parts of the country. Up to know there is no report/articles published on the distribution and spread of Parthenium weed to Western part of Oromiya, Ethiopia particularly Wallaga Zones. A survey was conducted to assess the distribution and status of parthenium (P. hysterophorus) weed in four Wallaga Zones of Western Oromiya, namely East, West Horo Guduru and Qellam Wallaga zones in year 2016. The result of the survey revealed that a total of 34 out of 55 Districts were at high risk of parthenium infestation and 0.088% (3886 hectare) of productive land of Western Oromiya is under parthenium weed infestation. Hence, this needs the intervention of governments and non-governmental organization to tackle integrated weed management on the problem caused by alien weed, P. hysterophorus in West Oromiya to reduce its impact on livelihood of the farmers and to reduce its infestation. This study revealed that P. hysterophorus has become a major pest plant of the wasteland, road sides, wet lands, vacant sites and crop fields and it has the potential to spread all over the zones. Hence it has a significant effect on the economic development of the study area. Integration of different control methods are therefore needed to prevent and control the danger of P. hysterophorus before it become out of the control in western Oromiya.