Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demokrasi dan Kampanye Hitam dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia (Analisis atas Black Campaign dan Negative Campaign)

Indonesia merupakan negara yang berkiblat pada sistem Demokrasi. Sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam UUD 194 Pasal 1 Ayat (2) yang menyebutkan “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar. ” Tahun 2019 merupakan tahun politik. Sebentar lagi rakyat Indonesia akan menggelar pesta demokrasi untuk kesekian kalinya. Maraknya kampanye Negative (Negative Campaign) dan Kampanye Hitam (Black Campaign) tidak bisa dihindari jelang pemilihan umum di Indonesia. Munculnya kampanye hitam menjadi cerminan bobroknya moral bangsa Indonesia saat ini. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa black campaign amat sangat memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi pendidikan politik masyarakat Indonesia. Fenomena yang terjadi yaitu keikutsertaan SARA dalam politik. Dimana kita tahu bahwaannya negara Indonesia memiliki kemajemukan, kita tidak hanya memiliki satu agama, budaya, serta suku. Isu agama mungkin tidak asing lagi ditelinga masyarakat jelang pilpres 2019 ini, sehingga memunculkan beberapa prespektif dan anggapan bahwa semua itu merupakan bentuk politisasi agama, pengejawantahan nilai-nilai agama dalam berpolitik, hingga muncul opini sistem pemerintah khilafah di Indonesia. Perbedaan pendapat pasti selalu ada ditengah masyarakat yang majemuk. Perbedaan serta keragaman yang ada di Indonesia dapat memicu konflik dan perpecahan jika tidak disikapi dengan bijak. Sebaliknya, pluralitas dapat menjadi perekat di masyarakat jika mampu dikelola dengan baik tanpa harus ada penyeragaman (uniformitas). Oleh sebab itu jelang Pilpres 2019 ini, masyarakat diharapkan mampu memfilter segala berita yang didapat, apakah kampanye yang dipakai termasuk dalam kampanye negative (negative campaign) ataukah kampanye hitam (black campaign)? diharapkan pesta demokrasi free dan fair dapat terwujud dalam Pilpres 2019 mendatang, sehingga dapat menjga keharmonisan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Masyarakat harus pandai-pandai mencerna informasi yang di dapatkan dan diharapkan tidak mudah terprovokasi demi integritas bangsa.
Effect of Economic Integration on Agricultural Export Performance in Selected West African Countries

The paper investigates the effect of economic integration on agricultural export performance in West African economies using the gravity model of bilateral trade on the annual time series data straddling the period 1970 to 2016. The empirical evidence is based on the pooled OLS and fixed effects estimator. We find that economic integration, as measured by trade openness, is a remarkably strong predictor of export performance in the region. We also examine the effect of geographical distance measured by effective nominal exchange rates and we find it has a negative effect on agricultural export performance. The paper recommends the adoption of a common currency to help mitigate exchange rate negativity that serves as resistance to trade in the region. Likewise, proactive agricultural research, extension and market driven strategies are strongly advocated for driven competition and economic efficiency within the regional agricultural sector.
Addictive De-Vices: A Public Policy Analysis of Sources and Solutions to Digital Addiction

We spend our days looking at them, talking to them, and touching them. We sleep with them, work with them, and play with them. They increasingly consume our time, attention, and money: we are addicted to our digital devices—or, more precisely, the digital experiences they enable. This addiction is both akratic (we are aware of the negative consequences) and engineered (designed on purpose). Marketers are complicit in this engineering: through digital networks and big data they ubiquitously monitor and experiment on consumers. This knowledge is used to create ever-more addictive digital experiences enabled by devices, their platforms, and their content. In this article, the authors explore marketing’s role in the rise of the phenomenon: from product design, through advertising and big data, to the dynamics of ubiquitous distribution and “free” pricing. The authors then turn to policy solutions and discuss how informing, guiding, and restricting can help ameliorate the problem and promote the public good. The article concludes by outlining multiple areas for marketing and public policy research.
Born again?: (non-) motivations to alter sex/gender identity markers on birth certificates

ABSTRACT This research will examine one type of official identity – the birth certificate – and how the ability to alter such a document, after the enactment of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 in the United Kingdom, affected individual trans people’s motivations to alter, or not, the official sex/gender identity marker on their birth certificates. An examination will be made of a series of interviews conducted with trans identified persons in order to better understand the motivation, or not, to change one’s official sex/gender identity marker on a birth certificate from that which was medically assigned at birth. Respondents reported a number of motivations including access to various social and legal benefits, a greater sense of psychological well-being, and a desire for jurisdictional coherence. They also reported a number of non-motivations including the financial burden, ethical objections to having to be judged by a panel of presumed experts, and the desire for conflicting documents as a form of willful political protest. The goal of this research is to better understand the motivations, or lack thereof, of individuals to alter (or not) the official sex/gender marker on their birth certificate.
Sustainable Board of Directors: Evidence from the Research Productivity of Professors Serving on Boards in the Korean Market

We examine the relationship between the expertise of outside directors from academia and firms’ financial performance using a unique dataset on the research publications of such directors. Specifically, we use research publication history in finance or an academic concentration in business or law as a proxy for expertise and measure the influence of this expertise on Korean financial firms’ short-term and long-term performance. We find a positive (negative) association between research intensity (a business or law concentration) and short-term corporate performance. Firms with greater information and agency problems appear to benefit more from research-intensive academic outside directors than other firms do. Thus, we propose that firms in emerging economies elect research-intensive academic outside directors to contribute to sustainable corporate governance and firm performance.
The Signals Of Dividend

Dividend decisions is a type of policy that earnings should be distributed to shareholders and sometimes contrast with the interest by insiders whether to retain or reinvest. The objective of this study is to examine the determinants of dividend policy on 230 listed firms in period of 2010 to 2011 and conducts logistic regression for hypothesis testing. This study finds that profitability, firm size, and institutional ownership are significant to dividend policy while managerial ownership is insignificant. This findings indicate that most of listed firms of the sample of this study determine the dividend policy based on profits. This study also finds that more larger the firms or institutional ownership then they tend to increase the dividends. Limited to sample, this study proves that agency theory is not applicable for dividend policy in Indonesia as the managerial ownership have no relationship with the dividend policy.
Young Football Players Are Not Miniature Adults; Do Young Athletes Need Sports Drinks? : A Review of Literature

This review aims to highlight the differences in physiological demands between youth versus adult male football players during prolonged intermittent exercise such as substrate utilisation, limited glycogen stores, lower aerobic and anaerobic capacity as well as control of body temperature. Furthermore, we also aim to provide an overview and summarise the limited data available in carbohydrate-electrolytes (CHO-E) supplementation in young football players. During exercise, sweating is the optimal way to maintain body temperature. In order to prevent from dehydrating, water intake is crucial to avoid a deterioration of performance, especially towards the end of football matches. Water is the most common fluid replacer in many young athletes' sports events; however, sports drinks intake has grown exponentially among this population. Many studies in adults had used a football simulation protocol such as the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle-running Test and showed positive effects of sports drinks including delaying fatigue, maintaining sprint and skill performance as well as assisting thermoregulatory processes. When seeking the effectiveness of sports drinks/carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages, the information in youth football is still lacking. Young football players are not ‘miniature adults’ due to variations in physiological/metabolic demands during prolonged intermittent activities in football. In addition, the playing time is less than adults (< 90 min), which may not be a sufficient duration for sports drinks to be effective. Therefore, it can be concluded that young football players may prioritise fluid replacement more than carbohydrate replacement as water might be better than sports drinks.
EFFECT OF ABSORPTION CAPACITY ACQUIRED ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Emerging markets have achieved important growth through innovation in services and industrial sectors. However, both research and empirical evidence about innovation development is very limited in Latin America. Innovation-based absorption capacity of different companies is one of the main keys to this growth. This empirical study analysed the relationships between absorption capacity and organisational performance (OP) in a sample of 227 firms in Medellin, Colombia. The findings show that enterprises developing the absorption capacity acquired (ACA) may have better probabilities to improve OP. This study argues that companies whose managers motivate their employees to use information within sources from their industry may have higher probabilities to improve organisational profit and growth.
Neighborhood Diversity and Food Access in a Changing Urban Spatial Structure

Abstract This paper examines food access disparity in relation to neighborhood diversity, especially race/ethnicity and poverty in a changing intrametropolitan spatial structure, using the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as a case study. With detailed grocery store data, this study finds a substantive change in food access between 2003 and 2015 in terms of both the number of grocery stores and the gravity–based accessibility indicator, although such access varies by neighborhood characteristics and spatial location in terms of central city, inner–ring suburbs, and outer–ring suburbs. While access to grocery stores for minority–concentrated neighborhoods in outer–ring suburbs is comparable to other neighborhoods, neighborhoods with a high share of African American residents in inner–ring suburbs and those with a high share of Latino residents in the central city have significantly lower access to food outlets. Neighborhoods with higher poverty rate tend to have more food outlets across the region except for in inner–ring suburbs.
Pecking Order Test at Varying Debt Levels: A Comparative Study of Indian and Chinese Firms

The present study tests the pecking order of firms at varying debt levels. The findings indicate that deficit firms at low debt levels raise significant amounts of debt, thus indicating the adherence to the pecking order theory. Deficit firms (from both countries) at exceptionally high debt levels do not adjust their capital structure by issuing less debt. In a surplus situation, Chinese firms at very high level redeem the substantial debt because of the dominance of short-term debt in their capital structure. In contrast, Indian surplus firms hesitate to redeem more debt if their existing debt levels are extremely high. JEL Classification: Q14, G32
Macroregional sociolinguistics: Uses and preferences on null direct objects in Spanish

This article explores two fundamental dimensions in sociolinguistics: the dynamics of linguistic variation and change in international languages and the exploitation of data proceeding from significant countries. These issues will be addressed through examination of a particular syntactic feature and a possible change in progress: the occurrence of null direct objects in Spanish. It is shown that for Spanish, a widely used international language, social factors have not been decisive in explaining the distribution of the phenomenon under investigation. This study shows that while direct object omission is not conditioned by typical social variables such as sex, age, and gender, it is unevenly spread throughout the Spanish-speaking world: Mexico and the continental Caribbean use it more than other countries, such as Spain or Chile. Besides the relevance of geography, some semantic, discourse, and contextual factors are shown as determinant for the direct object omission. Finally, this paper reflects on methodology, specifically the use of a macroregional sociolinguistic method for data analysis as well as the advantages and shortcomings of a specific data collection technique that capitalizes on technological tools with global reach: the internet survey in an international scenario.
Can effective tax rates mediate the effect of profitability and debts on income smoothing?

The management of the company must be capable of providing better financial information for the users of the financial report. The users of the financial report notice the performance of the management from the financial report. The financial report provides information related to financial positions, performance, as well as the changes in financial positions that are beneficial for decision-making. Income smoothing is generally conducted by the company to see the company’s capability and show the investors or investor candidates that the company is in stable condition in generating profits for the increase of share value and giving dividends, so that the investors are attracted to invest in that company. Income smoothing has been a debatable topic, especially among practitioners and academicians. This study analyzes both the direct and indirect effects of profitability and corporate debt on income smoothing. It also examines whether tax rates mediates the effects of profitability and debt on income smoothing. The sample consists of 12 property and real estate companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013–2017. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis tool with the WarpPls application. The results show that profitability and debt, as well as effective tax rates, affect income smoothing. The effective tax rates can mediate the relationship between profitability and debt and income smoothing.
Bilingual English teaching in colonial India: the case of John Murdoch’s work in Madras Presidency, 1855–1875

ABSTRACT There is a prevalent conception about colonial Indian education – in the absence of much empirical research into specific contexts – that it was carried out only in English with the aim of anglicising the masses. While it is true that there were colonial motives of acculturation embedded in English language teaching and English-medium instruction, the idea that English language learning was exclusively monolingual is historically inaccurate. Indeed, the survival of bilingual teaching materials prepared in the nineteenth century for use in colonial schools suggests that, outside elite English-medium instruction, the use of Indian languages was common in English teaching. To explore this possibility further, this article focuses on the work and ideas of a prominent colonial educationalist, John Murdoch (1818–1904), with a focus on the schoolbooks he was associated with and on his recommendations for bilingual English teaching in the colonial schools of Madras Presidency. Murdoch’s ideas on the use of local languages in teaching reveal complexities and intricacies which have been under-explored in previous histories of colonial Indian education.
PENGARUH INTEGRITAS, OBJEKTIVITAS, DAN KOMPETENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS AUDIT INTERNAL DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DEMOKRASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA INSPEKTORAT JENDERAL KEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI

This study aims to examine the effects of integrity, objectivity, and competence of internal auditor to the effectiveness of internal audit with the democratic leadership style as the moderating variable. This study uses primary data and obtained using a questionnaire instrument. The sample used in the study were 93 respondents who were the auditors of Inspectorate General Ministry of Internal Affairs. Statistical and analysis process using the moderated regression analysis to test whether the independent variables have a positive influence on the dependent variable and strengthen by the moderating variable. This study finds that integrity does not affect the effectiveness of the internal audit, while the democratic leadership style, objectivity, and competence have a positive impact on the effectiveness of the internal audit. The democracy leadership style is not proven to strengthen the integrity, objectivity, and competence effect toward the effectiveness of the internal audit.
Artistic Modulation of Consciousness by Bioelectromagnetic Stimulation

Luis Miguel Girão Artistic Modulation of Consciousness by Bioelectromagnetic Stimulation The thesis demonstrates why the application of bioelectromagnetic stimulation as a medium of artistic expression allows for the production of new and unprecedented realisations of integrative art. Furthermore, the modulation of consciousness in human beings relating with such realisations is argued to be the core of a new practice of research resulting from the technological confluence of Philosophy, Art and Science. The Brunelleschi Experiment is examined in order to establish the assumption that one of the fundamental characteristics of Art is to impact consciousness of those interacting with its forms. The aspects of disembodiment of the previously referred experiment, instrumental in provoking such impact, are argued to be consistent with those found in the philosophy and practice of Fernando Pessoa. The practice of the Portuguese philosopher is presented as proto-foundational grounds of the new research practice proposed. The recent findings of Olaf Blanke, specially the ones regarding the induction of out-of-body experiences by bioelectromagnetic stimulation are reassessed as previous technological foundations of the new artistic realisations proposed.
Competition and Innovation: an Inverted-U Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition and innovation. We find strong evidence of an inverted-U relationship using panel data. We develop a model where competition discourages laggard firms from innovating but encourages neck-and-neck firms to innovate. Together with the effect of competition on the equilibrium industry structure, these generate an inverted-U. Two additional predictions of the model—that the average technological distance between leaders and followers increases with competition, and that the inverted-U is steeper when industries are more neck-and-neck—are both supported by the data.
Exports of Primary Goods and Human Capital Accumulation

Many developing countries have experienced export‐led growth in the last half century. This paper asks whether the content of what economies export matters for human capital accumulation. We construct a small open economy model and find that expansion of primary exports can harm human capital accumulation if the economy is initially allocating significant resources to the production of primary goods. We then test this prediction empirically using Latin American data over the period 1965 to 2010 and find robust evidence in support of the hypothesis that a shift towards primary exports reduces human capital accumulation. Given the importance of the latter for long‐run growth, our results suggest a potential role for policy intervention.
Preserved Proactive Control in Ageing: A Stroop Study With Emotional Faces vs. Words

Previous studies regarding age-related changes in proactive control were inconclusive and the effects of emotion on proactive control in ageing are yet to be determined. Here, we assessed the role of task-relevant emotion on proactive control in younger and older adults. Proactive control was manipulated by varying the proportion of conflict trials in an emotional Stroop task. In Experiment 1, emotional target faces with congruent, incongruent or non-word distractor labels were used to assess proactive control in younger and older adults. To investigate whether the effects of emotion are consistent across different stimulus types, emotional target words with congruent, incongruent or obscured distractor faces were used in Experiment 2. Data from this study showed that older adults successfully deployed proactive control when needed and that task-relevant emotion affected cognitive control similarly in both age groups. It was also found that the effects of emotion on cognitive performance were qualitatively different for faces and words, with facilitating effects being observed for happy faces and for negative words. Overall, these results suggest that the effects of emotion and age on proactive control depend on the task at hand and the chosen stimulus set.
Is Reasoning a Fruitful Path to Changing Minds?

ABSTRACT The thinking underlying people’s positions on complex issues is often of limited scope or complexity, yet changing minds is notoriously difficult. We investigated the thinking underlying people’s positions on the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Rather than seek to influence their thinking by engaging them in considering alternative views, we investigated the effectiveness of engaging them in discourse by asking them to explore limitations, inconsistencies, and unresolved issues with respect to their own positions. Might doing so enrich their thinking about the issue? This hypothesis was disconfirmed, showing to the contrary that the intervention prompted endorsement of more extreme views consistent with one’s own position. Individual difference findings showed more complex, comprehensive thinking supporting a position (justifications included multiple dimensions or considerations) to be associated with less extreme positions and lower reported affect. Implications are considered for public opinion assessment and for promoting thoughtful positions on complex issues.