Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short German guidelines: Cutaneous lymphomas

Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag, Berlin • JDDG • 1860-6024/2008/Suppl 1 – S25-S31 JDDG | Supplement 1 ̇2008 (Volume 6) Definition Cutaneous lymphomas (CL) belong to the group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas; they are the second most common member of this group. Their incidence is estimated at 1/ 100,000 yearly. Primary CL develop by definition in the skin and must be confined to the skin at the end of staging, while secondary CL reflect cutaneous spread from disseminated primary nodal lymphomas or leukemias. Primary CL includes of a wide spectrum of clinically and histologically heterogenous lymphoproliferative neoplasms: 73% of CL are cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL); 22%, cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL); and <10%, other uncommon forms. CL and nodal or extracutaneous lymphomas with the same cytomorphology may differ greatly not only in regard to clinical features but also with respect to therapy and prognosis. Thus it is advisable for patients with CL to be treated either by a specialized center or in close cooperation with such an institution. CL usually reflects a clonal proliferation of lymphocytes in the skin; CD4+/ CD56+hematodermic neoplasia is an exception, arising from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Their cytomorphology is the same as lymphomas in other sites. Because of the specific cutaneous microenvironment, CL present with a variety of clinical and histological forms. It is crucial to distinguish between primary CL and cutaneous manifestations of extracutaneous lymphomas or leukemia. This can be difficult, especially for CBCL. Internal manifestations must be carefully excluded.
Mental Illness, Victimization, and Parental Factors that Lead to Offending: A Study in Boulder County Jail

The unprecedented concentration of the mentally ill in United States' jails and prisons has gained much attention in the past few decades, however little research has examined mental illness as a risk factor for offending. The current study utilizes a survey consisting of quantitative and qualitative items to assess different variables among the inmates at Boulder County Jail (BCJ). The current study intended to address this gap in the extant literature, and assessed for demographics, mental health diagnoses and services, parental incarceration and mental illness, substance use, offending histories, and victimization histories. The findings support extant research on the concentration of the mentally ill in jails, along with their disproportionate rate of parental incarceration and mental health problems, victimization, and high number of incarcerations. The current study also puts forth tentative relationships between specific mental health diagnoses, parental factors, and types of victimization as a child and adult, and how they are subsequently related to offending. Finally, the findings from this study provide areas for future research that could help disentangle the complicated relationships between mental illness and offending. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first and foremost like to thank my thesis chair and mentor, Dr. Joanne Belknap, for her continual work, advice, and support throughout the past year. She continually encouraged me to go above and beyond what I thought I could accomplish with both my honors thesis and undergraduate career. Dr. Belknap worked tirelessly for months to get this study approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Boulder County Jail (BCJ), and once approved, she coached me through the data collection and analysis, along with any other assistance that I asked for. I will forever be grateful to Dr. Belknap for helping me realize my passion for research with the inmate population and for reaffirming my goal to pursue a doctoral degree in Criminology. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Radelet and Dr. Dimidijian for their support and encouragement throughout this process. I will never forget this experience, and I thank you for being a part of it. I would also like to thank the inmates of BCJ who were kind enough to participate in my study. Many inmates at the BCJ shared some highly personal and sensitive experiences, and I extremely grateful for their participation. I would also like to thank Sergeant Lydia Mitchell at BCJ, who has worked with us throughout …
The behavior of Gliclazide in solution and in the solid state: a case of organic compound presenting a solid‐solution structure

The structure of the hypoglycemic agent Gliclazide has been studied by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR in solution (CDCl3 and DMSO‐d6) and in the solid state. In the solid state, the compound crystallizes as an EZ isomer without dynamic properties. In CDCl3 solution, the structure is still EZ but with a slow nitrogen inversion about the pyrrolidine nitrogen: two invertomers have been observed and characterized. In DMSO‐d6, the rate is faster and only averaged signals were observed. GIAO calculated absolute shieldings were used to confirm the nature of the observed species. In the solid state, Gliclazide presents the phenomenon of solid‐solution with two disordered conformations present in the crystal at a 90:10 ratio. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoradiographic Localization of Specific Binding of Meiosis-Activating Sterol to Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes from Marmoset, Cow, and Mouse

Abstract The sterol, 4,4-dimethyl-5α-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3β-ol (FF-MAS), isolated from human follicular fluid, can induce resumption of meiosis in denuded and cumulus-enclosed mouse oocytes inhibited by hypoxanthine, IBMX, or dibutyric cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In this study the distribution of FF-MAS binding sites in denuded oocytes and in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) was studied using light microscopic (LM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) autoradiography in marmoset, cow, and mouse oocytes. Denuded (n = 39) and cumulus-enclosed (n = 28) marmoset, cow, and mouse oocytes were cultured in the presence of [3H]FF-MAS with and without excess of unlabeled FF-MAS, respectively. In denuded oocytes LM autoradiography demonstrated specific binding to the oolemma and zona pellucida and, to some extent, the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, no specific binding of [3H]FF-MAS was demonstrated. In some COCs the labeling was dispersed throughout the zona pellucida, the oolemma, and the cytoplasm as well as the cumulus cells; whereas in others, only the outer part of the cumulus cells were labeled. TEM autoradiograms of denuded cow oocytes (n = 6) demonstrated that specific [3H]FF-MAS binding was closely related to the oolemma and that a low level of [3H]FF-MAS binding to cumulus cell remnants was present. In conclusion, specific binding of FF-MAS is predominant at the oolemma of denuded oocytes, suggesting the existence of a plasma membrane-associated molecule with affinity for FF-MAS (i.e., a putative FF-MAS receptor).
Brain properties predict proximity to symptom onset in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

Estimated years to symptom onset (EYO) is a measurement developed to track disease progression in patients with genetic Alzheimer’s disease. Vogel et al. apply this concept to individuals with a parental history of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. A neuroimaging-based model successfully predicts EYO and years to clinical conversion in unseen data. See Tijms and Visser (doi:10.1093/brain/awy113) for a scientific commentary on this article.
The effects of acculturation on healthy lifestyle characteristics among Hispanic fourth-grade children in Texas public schools, 2004-2005.

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a national epidemic that disproportionately affects Hispanic children. Evidence suggests that increased acculturation among this population adversely affects diet and other healthy lifestyle characteristics, leading to higher rates of overweight and obesity. Healthy lifestyle characteristics must be understood in order to prevent or decrease overweight and obesity among Hispanic children. METHODS Using the School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) study, we examined cross-sectional data on healthy lifestyle characteristics collected in Texas public schools from Hispanic fourth-grade children in 2004-2005. We calculated adjusted odds ratios and associated confidence intervals using multivariate logistic regression analyses to analyze the association between acculturation and healthy lifestyle characteristics among Spanish-speaking Hispanic children compared to English-speaking Hispanic children. RESULTS Spanish-speaking Hispanic boys consumed more milk and fruit than English-speaking Hispanic boys (milk: adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.7, p = .02; fruit: AOR: 2.5, p = .0001). The likelihood that Spanish-speaking Hispanic boys and girls did not know that there is a relationship between overweight and health problems were 2 times greater (boys: AOR: 1.7, p = .03; girls: AOR: 2.2, p = .006) than their English-speaking Hispanic counterparts. Likelihood of weight loss attempts was greater among Spanish-speaking Hispanic boys than English-speaking Hispanic boys (AOR: 1.9, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Results are mixed. Lower levels of acculturation appear to be associated with both positive and negative healthy lifestyle characteristics, depending on sex. These findings have important implications for school health policies and programs and should be distributed to school administrators.
Deciphering the promiscuous interactions between intrinsically disordered transactivation domains and the KIX domain

The kinase‐inducible domain interacting (KIX) domain of the transcriptional coactivator CBP protein carries 2 isolated binding sites (designated as the c‐Myb site and the MLL site) and is capable of binding numerous intrinsically disordered transactivation domains (TADs), including c‐Myb and pKID via the c‐Myb site, and MLL, E2A and c‐Jun via the MLL site. In this study we compared the kinetics for binding of various disordered TADs to the KIX domain via computational biophysical analyses. We found that the binding rates are heavily affected by long‐range electrostatic interactions. The basal rate constants for forming the encounter complexes are similar for different KIX binding peptides, favorable electrostatic interactions between the MLL site and the peptides result in greater association rates when peptides bind to the MLL site. FOXO3a and p53 TAD each contains 2 copies of KIX binding motif and each motif interacts with both the MLL site and the c‐Myb site. Our kinetics studies suggest that binding of FOXO3a or p53 TAD to the KIX domain is via a sequential mechanism, where one KIX binding motif binds to the MLL site first and then the other KIX binding motif binds to the c‐Myb site. Considering the promiscuous interactions between FOXO3a and KIX, and p53 TAD and KIX, electrostatic steering simplifies the binding mechanism. This study highlights the importance of long‐range electrostatic interactions in molecular recognition process involving multi‐motif intrinsically disordered proteins and promiscuous interactions.
Ghrelin: Central and Peripheral Implications in Anorexia Nervosa

Increasing clinical and therapeutic interest in the neurobiology of eating disorders reflects their dramatic impact on health. Chronic food restriction resulting in severe weight loss is a major symptom described in restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, and they also suffer from metabolic disturbances, infertility, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Restrictive AN, mostly observed in young women, is the third largest cause of chronic illness in teenagers of industrialized countries. From a neurobiological perspective, AN-linked behaviors can be considered an adaptation that permits the endurance of reduced energy supply, involving central and/or peripheral reprograming. The severe weight loss observed in AN patients is accompanied by significant changes in hormones involved in energy balance, feeding behavior, and bone formation, all of which can be replicated in animals models. Increasing evidence suggests that AN could be an addictive behavior disorder, potentially linking defects in the reward mechanism with suppressed food intake, heightened physical activity, and mood disorder. Surprisingly, the plasma levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone that drives food-motivated behavior, are increased. This increase in plasma ghrelin levels seems paradoxical in light of the restrained eating adopted by AN patients, and may rather result from an adaptation to the disease. The aim of this review is to describe the role played by ghrelin in AN focusing on its central vs. peripheral actions. In AN patients and in rodent AN models, chronic food restriction induces profound alterations in the « ghrelin » signaling that leads to the development of inappropriate behaviors like hyperactivity or addiction to food starvation and therefore a greater depletion in energy reserves. The question of a transient insensitivity to ghrelin and/or a potential metabolic reprograming is discussed in regard of new clinical treatments currently investigated.
Discussion of The Municipal Accounting Maze: An Analysis of Political Incentives

Discussing a paper is somewhat like taking a multiple choice examination. The discussant is usually expected to take issue with a paper . by showing that the author's results are either (a) trivial, (b) well known, (c) incorrect, or (d) all of the above. If, in addition, the discussant can do this with an appropriate degree of savagery, he gets extra points for showmanship. There are thus two things that can take the fun out of being a discussant: one is a paper so weak that it would be in poor taste to attack it with vigor, and the other is a paper which the discussant finds interesting and important. In this sense, my job as a discussant of Professor Zimmerman's paper is not much fun because it contains many things that I think are interesting and important. Before turning to the details, let me explain why I feel this way. Zimmerman's paper is one of a new genre that makes an effort to construct a positive theory of accounting. Though relatively new, I have already heard this approach referred to as the Rochester School of Accounting, presumably because much of the initial impetus came from people at the Graduate School of Management at the University of Rochester within the past couple of years. I am not sufficiently familiar with the history of thought in accounting to assert with confidence that this line of research is only two years old, but it is certainly my impression that the positive theory of accounting has not been a major part of the accounting literature. To explain why I think efforts to build a positive theory of accounting are both interesting and important, I would like to point out some
Web Search Behaviour of Postgraduate Students at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

A study was conducted on the Web search behaviour of postgraduates at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Specifically, the study sought to understand the search characteristics of postgraduates, reasons for using the Web, usage of various web features, web search skills and problems faced while using the Web. The study population comprised of all postgraduates pursuing masters and doctoral programmes at SUA. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire that were distributed randomly and they were analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate that most postgraduates were experienced Web users and they accessed the Internet mostly through their own modems. Most students relied on Web resources for their research, class assignments, and communications, and they had positive attitudes towards these resources. Many students were using search engines such as Google and Yahoo as well as social media tools mostly Facebook and Wikis. The findings also indicate that majority of students were using simple search while advanced search features were rarely used. The use of e-journal databases among postgraduates at SUA was very low. Slow Internet connectivity and restrictions in downloading e-resources were regarded serious constraints in using the Web resources. It is recommended that libraries and their parent should promote e-resources and integrate information literacy into their curricular. Libraries should address contextual and technical issues in order to promote usage levels. Libraries should also look into the possibility of integrating eresources into OPACs for greater visibility and to enable users search several databases
Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using bronchial washing fluid from patients with hematologic malignancies

Background The incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is increasing in patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies. The utility of CMV-DNA viral load measurement has not been standardized, and viral cut-off values have not been established. This study was designed to investigate the utility of CMV quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using bronchial washing fluid. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the microbiologic and pathologic results of bronchial washing fluid and biopsy specimens in addition to the patients' clinical characteristics. Results A total of 565 CMV qRT-PCR assays were performed using bronchial washing fluid from patients with hematologic malignancies. Among them, 101 were positive for CMV by qRT-PCR; of these, 24 were diagnosed with CMV pneumonia and 70 with CMV infection, and 7 were excluded due to a diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis rather than viral pneumonia. The median CMV load determined by qPCR was 1.8 × 105 copies/mL (3.6 103-1.5 × 108) in CMV pneumonia patients and 3.0 × 103 copies/mL (5.0 × 102-1.1 × 105) in those diagnosed with CMV infection (P < 0.01). Using the ROC curve, the optimal inflection points were 18,900 copies/mL (137,970 IU/mL) in post-bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients, 316,415 copies/mL (2,309,825 IU/mL) in no-BMT patients and 28,774 copies/mL (210,054 IU/mL) in all patients. Conclusions The CMV titers in bronchial washing fluid determined by qRT-PCR differed significantly between patients diagnosed with CMV pneumonia and those with CMV infection. The viral cut-off values in bronchial washing fluid were suggested for the diagnosis of CMV pneumonia, which were different depending on the BMT status.
CompNet: Neural networks growing via the compact network morphism

It is often the case that the performance of a neural network can be improved by adding layers. In real-world practices, we always train dozens of neural network architectures in parallel which is a wasteful process. We explored $CompNet$, in which case we morph a well-trained neural network to a deeper one where network function can be preserved and the added layer is compact. The work of the paper makes two contributions: a). The modified network can converge fast and keep the same functionality so that we do not need to train from scratch again; b). The layer size of the added layer in the neural network is controlled by removing the redundant parameters with sparse optimization. This differs from previous network morphism approaches which tend to add more neurons or channels beyond the actual requirements and result in redundance of the model. The method is illustrated using several neural network structures on different data sets including MNIST and CIFAR10.
[Sentinel node identification in cervical cancer patients: a feasibility study].

OBJECTIVES According to recommendations, the sentinel node (SN) procedure results causes of less radical treatment and reduction of morbidity. DESIGN The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of sentinel lymph node identification using radioisotopic lymphatic mapping with technetium-99m labelled nanocolloid and blue dye injection in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS 100 patients with FIGO stage from IB1 to IIA primary carcinoma undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy have been investigated. RESULTS 84% of the patients have been diagnosed with at least one-sided SN and 66% of them with two-sided SN. The sentinel detection rates, depending on the stages, were as following: 181-96.6%, IB12-66.7%, IIA-62.5%. Successful identification of SN was less likely in patients with tumors > 2cm (54% of SN) compared with those with tumors < or = 2cm (96% of SN). The false negative rate for the SN procedure was 3% (3/100). In all false negative SNs the primary cervical tumor was above 2cm and there was an isthmus infiltration. SN detection had 86.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 95.3% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION Sentinel node mapping method for cervical cancer patients undergoing primary surgical therapy is a feasible option. The sentinel node detection rate is relatively high and depends on FIGO stage and the tumor size. The appliance of SN into cervical cancer procedures allows us to refrain from a surgery in favor of radiochemiotherapy, seems to be the right course of action in deciding treatment and may result in fewer postoperative complications rate.
Population-Based Assessment of the Long-Term Risk of Seizures in Survivors of Stroke

Background and Purpose— We sought to determine the long-term risk of seizures after stroke according to age, sex, race, and stroke subtype. Methods— We performed a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims from 2 complementary patient data sets. First, we analyzed data from all emergency department visits and hospitalizations in California, Florida, and New York from 2005 to 2013. Second, we evaluated inpatient and outpatient claims from a nationally representative 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Our cohort consisted of all adults at the time of acute stroke hospitalization without a prior history of seizures. Our outcome was seizure occurring after hospital discharge for stroke. Poisson regression and demographic data were used to calculate age-, sex-, and race-standardized incidence rate ratios (IRR). Results— Among 777 276 patients in the multistate cohort, the annual incidence of seizures was 1.68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67%–1.70%) after stroke versus 0.15% (95% CI, 0.15%–0.15%) among the general population (IRR, 7.3; 95% CI, 7.3–7.4). By 8 years, the cumulative rate of any emergency department visit or hospitalization for seizure was 9.27% (95% CI, 9.16%–9.38%) after stroke versus 1.21% (95% CI, 1.21%–1.22%) in the general population. Stroke was more strongly associated with a subsequent seizure among patients <65 years of age (IRR, 12.0; 95% CI, 11.9–12.2) than in patients ≥65 years of age (IRR, 5.5; 95% CI, 5.4–5.5) and in the multistate analysis, the association between stroke and seizure was stronger among nonwhite patients (IRR, 11.0; 95% CI, 10.8–11.2) than among white patients (IRR, 7.3; 95% CI, 7.2–7.4). Risks were especially elevated after intracerebral hemorrhage (IRR, 13.3; 95% CI, 13.0–13.6) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (IRR, 13.2; 95% CI, 12.8–13.7). Our study of Medicare beneficiaries confirmed these findings. Conclusions— Almost 10% of patients with stroke will develop seizures within a decade. Hemorrhagic stroke, nonwhite race, and younger age seem to confer the greatest risk of developing seizures.
DO-IT: deformable objects as input tools

Standard input tools such as the mouse and keyboard do not provide users with a direct and intuitive means of 3-D shape manipulation. This study proposes a new concept of interface system for 3-D shape deformation using a deformable real object as an input tool. By deforming the tool with bare hands with a tactile feedback, users can manipulate a 3-D shape modeled and displayed on a computer screen directly and intuitively. A PC-based prototype system with a cubical input tool made of electrically conductive polyurethane foam demonstrates the effectiveness and promise of the concept.