Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Interorganizational Information Sharing in e-Government: A Stakeholder Analysis

Government agencies often face trade-offs in developing initiatives that address a public good given competing concerns of various constituent groups. Efforts to construct data warehouses that enable data mining of citizens’ personal information obtained from other organizations (including sister agencies) create a complex challenge, since privacy concerns may vary across constituent groups whose priorities diverge from agencies’ e-government goals. In addition to privacy concerns, participating government agencies’ priorities related to the use of the information may also be in conflict. This article reports on a case study of the Integrated Non-Filer Compliance System used by the California Franchise Tax Board for which data are collected from federal, state, and municipal agencies and other organizations in a data mining application that aims to identify residents who under-report income or fail to file tax returns. This system pitted the public good (ensuring owed taxes are paid) against citizen concerns about privacy. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the authors propose a typology of four stakeholder groups (data controllers, data subjects, data providers, and secondary stakeholders) to address privacy concerns and argue that by ensuring procedural fairness for the data subjects, agencies can reduce some barriers that impede the successful adoption of e-government applications and policies. The article concludes that data controllers can reduce adoption and implementation barriers when e-government data mining applications rely on data shared across organizational boundaries: identify legitimate stakeholders and their concerns prior to implementation; enact procedures to ensure procedural fairness when data are captured, shared, and used; explain to each constituency how the data mining application helps to ensure distributive fairness; and continue to gauge stakeholders’ responses and ongoing concerns as long as the application is in use.
Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by perioperative administration of subcutaneous heparin. Overview of results of randomized trials in general, orthopedic, and urologic surgery.

DURING prolonged general anesthesia and any period of limited mobility following surgery, thrombus formation may be initiated in the deep veins of the legs. Studies employing Radio-labeled fibrinogen or venography have revealed deep-vein thrombosis in 20 to 30 percent of patients who have undergone general surgery and in an even larger proportion of patients who have had orthopedic surgery.1 2 3 Most such thromboses are subclinical and resolve completely when mobility is restored, although some do produce permanent valvular damage and chronic venous insufficiency. A few, however, may travel to the lungs and, depending on how much of the pulmonary circulation is .
EFFECT OF TOTAL ADRENALECTOMY ON GASTRIC SECRETION IN CHRONIC GASTRIC FISTULA RATS.

Basal gastric secretion of rats with chronic fistulas was studied before and after adrenalectomy or sham operation. A marked exponential fall in concentration and output of free and total acid resulted in virtual anacidity within 3–7 weeks following adrenalectomy. Failure in parietal cell secretion was not accompanied by significant decrease in parietal cell mass. Pepsin concentration and output as well as volume also fell exponentially but more gradually. No significant change in total chloride concentration occurred. Relative influence of concentration in determining output was 30 times greater than volume for free acid, 3 times greater for total acid, and twice as great for pepsin. Volume was responsible for almost all variability in total chloride output. Time after adrenalectomy influenced variability of volume and acid output twice as much as concurrent decrease in body weight.
Maternal Exposure to Triclosan Impairs Thyroid Homeostasis and Female Pubertal Development in Wistar Rat Offspring

Although the effects of triclosan have been examined in male reproductive functions, it is unknown whether this potent antibacterial agent affects pregnancy and female pubertal development. Effects of maternal exposure to triclosan on thyroid homeostasis (TH) and reproductive-tract development in female Wistar rats were thus studied. Dams were exposed daily to triclosan (0, 1, 10, or 50 mg/kg/d) from 8 d before mating to lactation day 21. Offspring were also exposed after weaning. In vivo triclosan estrogenic activity was screened by uterotrophic assay and vaginal opening (VO), with first estrus and uterus and ovarian weight determined in offspring. Dam blood samples were taken during pregnancy and lactation to examine the effect of triclosan on TH. No apparent external signs of toxicity or differences in mean numbers of implantation sites were observed in treated rats. Triclosan treatment decreased total serum T4 and T3 in pregnant rats and also lowered sex ratio, lowered pup body weights on postnatal day (PND) 20, and delayed VO in offspring. In addition, the highest dose of triclosan significantly reduced the live birth index (percentage) and 6-d survival index. Data indicate that triclosan impairs thyroid homeostasis and reproductive toxicity in adult rats and produces fetal toxicity in offspring exposed in utero, during lactation, and after weaning.
Use of quality-adjusted life years for the estimation of effectiveness of health care: A systematic literature review

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify, in a systematic literature review, published studies having used quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) based on actual measurements of patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to determine which HRQoL instruments have been used to calculate QALYs. Furthermore, the aims were to characterize studies with regard to medical specialty, intervention studied, results obtained, quality, country of origin, QALY gain observed, and interpretation of results regarding cost-effectiveness. Methods: Systematic searches of the literature were made using the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SCI, and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Initial screening of identified articles was based on abstracts read independently by two of the authors; full-text articles were again evaluated by two authors, who made the final decision on which articles should be included. Results: The search identified 3,882 articles; 624 were obtained for closer review. Of the reviewed full-text articles, seventy reported QALYs based on actual before–after measurements using a valid HRQoL instrument. The most frequently used instrument was EuroQol HRQoL instrument (EQ-5D, 47.5 percent). Other instruments used were Health Utilities Index (HUI, 8.8 percent), the Rosser–Kind Index (6.3 percent), Quality of Well-Being (QWB, 6.3 percent), Short Form-6D (SF-6D, 5.0 percent), and 15D (2.5 percent). The rest (23.8 percent) used a direct valuation method: Time Trade-Off (10.0 percent), Standard Gamble (5.0 percent), visual analogue scale (5.0 percent), or rating scale (3.8 percent). The most frequently studied medical specialties were orthopedics (15.5 percent), pulmonary diseases (12.7 percent), and cardiology (9.9 percent). Ninety percent of the studies came from four countries: United Kingdom, United States, Canada, the Netherlands. Approximately half of the papers were methodologically high quality randomized trials. Forty-nine percent of the studied interventions were viewed by the authors of the original studies as being cost-effective; only 13 percent of interventions were deemed not to be cost-effective. Conclusions: Although QALYs gained are considered an important measure of effectiveness of health care, the number of studies in which QALYs are based on actual measurements of patients' HRQoL is still fairly limited.
Language-associated cortical regions are proportionally larger in the female brain.

BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism in verbal ability. However, few studies have examined anatomical differences between the sexes that may underlie such dimorphism. OBJECTIVE To examine sex differences in the absolute and proportional volumes of the main language-associated regions of the cerebral cortex. DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Control neuropathological case series of consecutive autopsies from a teaching hospital. No significant age-related volume changes were identified in the sample. Two language-associated cortical regions, the superior temporal gyrus (part of the Wernicke area) and its subdivisions (planum temporale, Heschl gyrus, and anterior superior temporal gyrus) and the inferior frontal gyrus (Broca area in the dominant hemisphere), and a non-language-associated region, the frontal pole, were measured using stereological techniques in brains fixed with formaldehyde solution serially sectioned at 3-mm intervals. Volume comparisons between the sexes and between brain hemispheres were performed using 2-way analysis of variance. SETTING Studies were conducted at the University of Sydney and the Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. PATIENTS Ten males and 11 females free from neurologic or neuropathological abnormalities. RESULTS The volume of the superior temporal cortex, expressed as a proportion of total cerebral volume, was significantly larger in females compared with males (17.8% increase; P = .04). This was accounted for by 1 section of the superior temporal cortex, the planum temporale, which was 29.8% larger in females (P = .04). In addition, the cortical volume fraction of the Broca area in females was 20.4% larger than in males (P = .05). In contrast, no significant differences were found in the proportional volume of the frontal pole or in regional volumes between the left and right hemispheres in either sex group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that females have proportionally larger Wernicke and Broca language-associated regions compared with males. These anatomical differences may correlate with superior language skills previously demonstrated in females.
Determinants of Health Care Use Among Rural, Low-Income Mothers and Children: A Simultaneous Systems Approach to Negative Binomial Regression Modeling

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umass. edu/theses Part of the Applied Statistics Commons, Categorical Data Analysis Commons, Econometrics Commons, Health Economics Commons, Health Policy Commons, Other Mental and Social Health Commons, Other Public Health Commons, Other Statistics and Probability Commons, Programming Languages and Compilers Commons, Statistical Methodology Commons, and the Statistical Theory Commons
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL SPACE SCHEMATA

The development of personal space schemata was investigated in 431 males and females in third through tenth grades. The Ss were given paper-andpencil measures of spatial usage in 20 situations involving positive, neutral, and negative affect. Major findings were: the inverse relationship between amount of distance and degree of liking and acquaintance is established by third grade; Hall's (1964) conceptualized personal space zones apply to childhood spatial schemata; children generally use less space as they grow older; in positiveand neutral-affect situations, both sexes place themselves closer to same-sexed peers in earlier grades and to opposite-sexed peers in later grades. Results were in accord with knowledge about social development and the formation of sex-role identity.
Nonconservative Lagrangian mechanics: a generalized function approach

We reexamine the problem of having nonconservative equations of motion arise from the use of a variational principle. In particular, a formalism is developed that allows the inclusion of fractional derivatives. This is done within the Lagrangian framework by treating the action as a Volterra series. It is then possible to derive two equations of motion, one of these is an advanced equation and the other is retarded.
Deregulation of CLN1 and CLN2 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae whi2 Mutant

Wild‐type cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrest in G1 upon nutrient exhaustion. Cell cycle arrest requires the WHI2 gene since whi2 mutants continue to divide and become abnormally small as nutrients are depleted. Here we show that CLN1 and CLN2 transcript levels in a whi2 strain are higher during exponential growth, and persist longer upon starvation, than in an isogenic wild‐type strain. In contrast to CLN1 and CLN2, CLN3 levels declined only at very high cell density and were unaffected by the whi2 mutation. Elevated CLN expression is sufficient to explain the whi2 phenotype since ectopic expression of CLN1 in a nutrient‐depleted culture caused cells to continue dividing and interfered with the acquisition of heat resistance. These observations show that, either directly or indirectly, Whi2 negatively regulates G1 cyclin expression. Interestingly extremely high levels of Cln1 induced filamentous growth upon nutrient deprivation, suggesting a direct connection between G1 cyclin activity and morphological responses to poor nutrient conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential impact of structurally different anti-diabetic drugs on proliferation and chemosensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

Hyperglycemia during hyper-CVAD chemotherapy is associated with poor outcomes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Cancer 2004; 100:1179–85). The optimal clinical strategy to manage hyperglycemia during hyper-CVAD is unclear. To examine whether anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy can influence chemosensitivity of ALL cells, we examined the impacts of different anti-diabetic agents on ALL cell lines and patient samples. Pharmacologically achievable concentrations of insulin, aspart and glargine significantly increased the number of ALL cells, and aspart and glargine did so at lower concentrations than human insulin. In contrast, metformin and rosiglitazone significantly decreased the cell number. Human insulin and analogs activated AKT/mTOR signaling and stimulated ALL cell proliferation (as measured by flow cytometric methods), but metformin and rosiglitazone blocked AKT/mTOR signaling and inhibited proliferation. Metformin 500 μM and rosiglitazone 10 μM were found to sensitize Reh cells to daunorubicin, while aspart, glargine and human insulin (all at 1.25 mIU/L) enhanced chemoresistance. Metformin and rosiglitazone enhanced daunorubicin-induced apoptosis, while insulin, aspart and glargine antagonized daunorubicin-induced apoptosis. In addition, metformin increased etoposide-induced and L-asparaginase-induced apoptosis; rosiglitazone increased etoposide-induced and vincristine-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that use of insulins to control hyperglycemia in ALL patients may contribute to anthracycline chemoresistance, while metformin and thiazolidinediones may improve chemosensitivity to anthracycline as well as other chemotherapy drugs through their different impacts on AKT/mTOR signaling in leukemic cells. Our data suggest that the choice of anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy during chemotherapy may influence clinical outcomes in ALL.
Estimating popularity by sentiment and polarization classification on social media

Mass processing of social media posts has been brought to scientists' attention during the last decade. The massive growth of online social networks, like Twitter and Facebook, have created a need for determining peoples' opinions and moods through these means. This thesis constitutes a research on measuring users' sentiment upon a particular subject by analysing their posts. Establishing an efficient sentiment measurement technique, can be used into estimating popularity of products or persons. For separating subjective from objective posts, a hybrid classifier based on the syntax analysis of texts, is proposed, performing clearly better than existing classifying tools. Moreover, a new sentiment evaluation technique for measuring the polarity and magnitude of posts' sentiment is described and tested over different social media. Results are compared to various real ratings and show that this approach can have a promising accuracy on sentiment establishment of online posts.
Protecting the Brain and the Heart

Novel anticoagulants (NOACs) are the recent therapeutic breakthrough in the prophylaxis of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Patients with NVAF seem to have a high atherosclerotic burden, but it has not yet been established whether these agents also protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Different NOACs could have cardioprotective properties of different importance, but data come only from indirect comparisons. Patients with NVAF are at risk of stroke when there is concomitant atherosclerosis that also necessitates optimal treatment to reduce CVD risk. Combining antiplatelets with anticoagulants is a common clinical scenario and not always justified by current data and guidelines, putting patients at unnecessary bleeding risk. This review provides current knowledge about the cardioprotective properties of NOACs, the clinical importance of the link between CVD and NVAF, and the pitfalls of combining antiplatelet therapy with warfarin or NOACs.
Malignant eccrine poroma in an unusual location 1

Malignant eccrine poroma is a rare skin appendage tumour, originating from the intraepidermal and upper dermal eccrine ducts. The tumour either arises spontaneously or develops in a long‐standing eccrine poroma, generally in elderly people over 60. Clinically, it tends to be a localized lesion, which manifests itself as a nodule or ulcerated tumour, favouring extremities. We report an 83‐year‐old female with an enlarging and bleeding tumour on her lumbosacral region. This lesion first appeared as a small pigmented papule and progressed to an erythematous patch with central papular portion and some peripheral pigmentation. Histopathology revealed malignant eccrine poroma. Also, immunohistochemically, diffuse and intense p53 staining was observed. Regular pigment pattern, brown globules and black dots were seen in dermoscopic examination. After performing a wide excision, 20 months of follow‐up revealed no recurrence or metastasis of the tumour. This case represents an unusually located malignant eccrine poroma with some pigmentation.
An exploratory study of word associations of Negro college students.

Two word association lists of 50 words were each administered to 50 Negro college students. Forty-one words were taken from the Kent-Rosanoff list, 29 from the Palermo-Jenkins list, and 30 were words used in analogy items of the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Comparisons with previous normative studies showed generally similar results. The present study did result in slightly smaller proportions of matching from class primary responses to noun, pronoun, and adverb stimulus words, and of opposite responses to “opposite-evoking stimuli. ” A number of the responses indicated reading difficulty or misunderstanding of the word.
Structural basis of DDB1‐and‐Cullin 4‐associated Factor 1 (DCAF1) recognition by merlin/NF2 and its implication in tumorigenesis by CD44‐mediated inhibition of merlin suppression of DCAF1 function

Merlin, a tumor suppressor encoded by the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene, has been shown to suppress tumorigenesis by inhibiting the Cullin 4‐RING E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4DCAF1 in the nucleus. This inhibition is mediated by direct binding of merlin to DDB1‐and‐Cullin 4‐associated Factor 1 (DCAF1), yet the binding mode of merlin to DCAF1 is not well defined. Here, we report structural and biophysical studies of the merlin binding to DCAF1 and its interference with CD44 binding. The crystal structure of the merlin FERM domain bound to the DCAF1 C‐terminal acidic tail reveals that the hydrophobic IILXLN motif located at the C‐terminal end of DCAF1 binds subdomain C of the FERM domain by forming a β‐strand. The binding site and mode resemble that of merlin binding to the CD44 cytoplasmic tail. Competition binding assay showed that CD44 and DCAF1 compete for binding to the merlin FERM domain in solution. The CD44 cytoplasmic tail is known to be cleaved for nuclear translocation by regulated intra‐membrane proteolysis (RIP). Our structure implies that, in the nucleus, the CD44 cytoplasmic tail cleaved by RIP could release DCAF1 from merlin by competing for binding to the merlin FERM domain, which results in the inhibition of merlin‐mediated suppression of tumorigenesis.
Comparative analysis of the optimal siting and sizing on different solar distributed generation models through stochastic method

With the optimization of solar distributed generation (DG), different methods and models are implemented for system improvement. However, the stochastic nature and intermittency of solar power is often neglected. This paper presents an approach in finding the optimal site and size of a solar DG unit in the context of minimizing power loss and improving voltage profile. Uncertainties of the solar irradiance are incorporated in the solar data. Also, different models of DG are considered, namely, unity power factor model, constant lagging power factor model and variable lagging power factor model. The technique is based on genetic algorithm (GA) and stochastic load flow calculations. The algorithm is applied to an IEEE 37-bus distribution system. The results indicate that a constant lagging power factor shows significant reductions on real and reactive power losses on the system with values of 19.179% and 21.004%, respectively. Also, the voltage deviation is reduced to 0.954 p.u.
Factors Influencing Accounting Outsourcing Practices among SMEs in Pakistan Context: Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Resource-Based Views (RBV) Prospective

The present study was conducted to identify factors that affect Pakistani manufacturing SMEs decisions tooutsource management accounting practices in terms of transaction cost economics (TCE) and resource-basedview (RBV). A survey of 302 SMEs was carried out using convenience sampling, a personal interviewowners/managers/CFOs located in 9 major cities of Pakistan. Our multiple regression analysis revealed that thefrequency of non-routine tasks, asset specificity, opportunism, trust in accountant and competition has asignificant impact on accounting outsourcing. Furthermore, whilst we include control variables like gender,executive education, experience, firm size and firm age in our linear regression equation, the relationship amongfive variables and outsourcing intensity was remain statistically significant. The findings imply that SMEs withresource constraint should shift their traditional in-house accounting practices to the external knowledgeableprofessional accountant. Finally, this study contributes to the body of knowledge with respect to managementaccounting outsourcing, TCE and RBV in the emerging economics context.
Adult physical health outcomes of adolescent girls with conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE To examine the young adult physical health outcomes of adolescent girls with behavior problems. METHOD Girls with conduct disorder, girls with depression, girls with anxiety, and healthy girls (N = 459) who had been evaluated at age 15 years were followed up at age 21, when general physical health, substance dependence, and reproductive health were assessed. RESULTS After control for potentially confounding variables including prior health, adolescent conduct disorder predicted more medical problems, poorer self-reported overall health, lower body mass index, alcohol and/or marijuana dependence, tobacco dependence, daily smoking, more lifetime sexual partners, sexually transmitted disease, and early pregnancy. Adolescent depression predicted only adult tobacco dependence and more medical problems; adolescent anxiety predicted more medical problems. CONCLUSIONS The robust link between female adolescent conduct disorder and poor physical health in adulthood suggests that intervention with girls who have conduct disorder may be a strategy for preventing subsequent health problems.