Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1. Pigs growing from 20 to 60 kg live weight were given diets based on barley, weatings and fish meal, or starch, sucrose and groundnut meal or starch, sucrose and casein. Seventeen pigs were fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum (posterior to entry of bile and pancreatic ducts), jejunum or terminal ileum and twenty-four non-cannulated pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial. 2. The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium passing through the reentrant cannulas and amounts excreted in the faeces were measured. These values were used to calculate the direction and extent of net movements of the five elements through the walls of the four parts of the digestive tract anterior to the collection sites. 3. The small intestine was the principal site of Ca and P absorption but there were differences between the diets in the relative importance of the regions anterior and posterior to the mid-jejunum. 4. Secretion of small amounts of Mg occurred in the anterior small intestine; the ileum and large intestine were the principal sites of net absorption. 5. There was a large net secretion of Na anterior to the duodenal cannulas and further secretion into the anterior small intestine with each diet. There were marked differences between diets in the amounts secreted but the ileal Na concentration was the same in each instance. Absorption occurred in the ileum and large intestine. 6. Secretion of small amounts of K was evident anterior to the duodenal cannulas and net absorption occurred in both parts of the small intestine with each diet.
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis in stationary-phase cells of Escherichia coli

The ability of stationary-phase cells of Escherichia coli W7 to incorporate radioactive precursors into macromolecular murein has been studied. During the initial 6 h of the stationary phase, resting cells incorporated meso-[3H]diaminopimelic acid at a rate corresponding to the insertion of 1.3 X 10(4) disaccharide units min-1 cell-1. Afterwards, the rate of incorporation dropped drastically (90%) to a low but still detectable level. Incorporation during stationary phase did not result in an increased amount of total murein in the culture, suggesting that it was related to a turnover process. Analysis of the effects of a number of beta-lactam antibiotics indicated that incorporation of murein precursors in stationary-phase cells was mediated by penicillin-binding proteins, suggesting that the activity of penicillin-binding protein 2 was particularly relevant to this process.
Tonsillectomy and residents: a safe match?

Sir, One of the major goals of an Academic Institution is the transmission of knowledge and surgical skills to the residents, without compromising the quality of the service provided to patients. Tonsillectomy is the most common surgical procedure in field of otorhinolaryngology and is one of the first procedures that are taught to residents. Because post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage is potentially life threatening, particularly in children, the assessment of tonsillectomy’s safety in resident’s hands seems very important. The aim of our retrospective cohort analysis was to compare the incidence and the risk of complications, for tonsillectomies performed by supervised residents and by senior otolaryngologists. We reviewed the charts of 450 consecutive patients (86 under 12 year old and 364 teenagers and adults), who underwent tonsillectomy at our Department, from January 2007 to December 2011. Senior otolaryngologists operated on 274 cases (60.9%), while 176 patients (39.1%) were operated by supervised residents. All procedures were conducted with cold instruments and bipolar hemostasis. The overall risk of complications and the risk for postoperative bleeding were similar between senior otolaryngologists and supervised residents (19.34%, 21.6% and 7.66%, 5.11% respectively). The odds ratios for complications are shown in Table 1. Albeit our study highlights that tonsillectomy performed by residents is safe, surprisingly, senior otolaryngologists performed two thirds of the procedures. This scenario has been turned upside down by our new chief. Tonsillectomy is an easy operation, the surgical field is quite narrow, but still, an experienced otolaryngologist, can effectively supervise the resident performing the procedure. Major bleeding during tonsillectomy is exceedingly rare, but not impossible, and it is usually related to extending the dissection beyond the limit of the pharyngeal muscles, towards the parapharyngeal space. We believe that hot instruments, such as electrocautery, laser and harmonic scalpel, are very effective instruments themselves; and that, in experienced hands, they can be safely used for tonsillectomy; in fact, the intraoperative bleeding is significantly decreased, and the procedure may also easily proceed quicker. On the other hand, hot instruments are not going
Considerations in methadone dosing for opioid addiction

Introduction: Methadone has been an essential medication in the treatment of opioid addiction worldwide.Aim: To discuss dosing considerations related to different methadone programs.Method: A search was performed the Ovid (all resources) including: Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases using the following terms: methadone dose, methadone optimization, and methadone adequacy. We compared and assessed the eligible studies with respect to the global guidelines for methadone dosing.Result: 103 different resources have been discussed and presented in the context of methadone dosing. Types of related concerns included: impact of dose on type of the program, dose induction, maintenance dose, dose in case of adverse events, doses in patients with different ethnicities, doses in males and females and dose and compliance.Conclusion: Although there is no global consensus on methadone dosing, there is a good similarity amongst the guidelines and published data on the general practical dosing regimens. Go-Slow is the most commonly used technique, and described to be the safest, too.
Clinical manifestations of renal allograft derived primary cytomegalovirus infection.

Seventy seven patients, thirteen younger than 20 years of age, were followed up prospectively for the first three months after renal transplant for evidence of infection and illness due to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Thirty-two developed reactivation of latent CMV and 29 did not develop any CMV infection and wn, five had pneumonia, and four underwent nephrectomy. Of these, 16, eleven received a kidney from a parent, whereas of the other 61 patients, five received parental kidneys (P less than .001). Hence, CMV seronegative individuals who received a kidney from a CMV seropositive parent developed clinical illness and sometimes lost the allograft.
Oxidation of cashew tree gum exudate polysaccharide with TEMPO reagent

Cashew gum (CG), an exudate polysaccharide from Anacardium ocidentale trees, was oxidized with TEMPO reagent and the 7product (CGOX) characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and NMR), chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GPC), viscosity measurements and thermal analysis (TGA). The yield of the reaction product was 96%. The uronic acid content in starting gum (7.2 m%) was increased to 36 m%. The degree of oxidation based on free galactose and glucose units was 68%. NMR data show that oxidation occurred preferentially at primary carbons of galactose units. High degradation degree after oxidation was estimated by the difference on the expected and observed hCGOX/hCG ratio. The presence of organic and inorganic impurities in the new polyelectrolyte was detected by TGA. A less thermally stable cashew gum is formed after the oxidation with TEMPO based on initial decomposition temperature and IPDT.
Expanding the structural landscape of niclosamide: a high Z' polymorph, two new solvates and monohydrate H(A).

Three new crystalline phases are reported for the drug niclosamide [5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide], C13H8Cl2N2O4. A new high-Z' polymorph (denoted Form II) is described, with four molecules in the asymmetric unit in the space group P2/n. The structure exhibits pseudosymmetry, including local translations and screw-type operations. The niclosamide molecules are linked by O-H.O hydrogen bonds into chains, and the chains are packed so that the molecules form face-to-face (stacking) and end-to-end interactions within layers perpendicular to the chains. There are two different layer arrangements, giving a structure that is relatively complex. In the acetone and acetonitrile solvates, the incorporated solvent molecules accept hydrogen bonds from the OH groups of niclosamide, and the niclosamide molecules are stacked in a face-to-face manner. In the acetone solvate, C13H8Cl2N2O4·C3H6O, V-shaped arrangements are formed in which the nitrobenzene ends of the niclosamide molecules are brought into face-to-face contact. In the acetonitrile solvate, C13H8Cl2N2O4·CH3CN, stacking occurs by translation along a short axis (ca 3.8 Å) and the crystals are frequently observed to be twinned by twofold rotation around that axis. The acetonitrile molecules occupy channels in the structure. A complete structure is provided for niclosamide monohydrate, C13H8Cl2N2O4·H2O, polymorph HA, obtained by Rietveld refinement against laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data. It has been suggested that this compound is related to the methanol solvate of niclosamide [Harriss, Wilson & Radosevljevic Evans (2014). Acta Cryst. C70, 758-763], but it is found that the two are not fully isostructural: they contain isostructural two-dimensional layers, but the layers are arranged differently in the two structures. This suggests that HA may have the potential for polytypism, and features in the Rietveld difference curve indicate that a polytype fully isostructural with the methanol solvate might be present.
Poliovirus antibody response in serum and nasal secretions following intranasal inoculation with inactivated poliovaccine.

Secretory antibody response in nasal secretions has been studied following intranasal inoculation of large doses of inactivated poliovaccine. Secretory γA antibody appeared in the nasal secretions as early as 5 days after the first dose of a primary series of three intranasal doses of vaccine, and the antibody activity disappeared by 77 to 100 days. The response to a secondary intranasal inoculation of inactivated vaccine 3 to 4 months later, although shorter-lived, was generally similar to the primary response. There was no evidence of anamnesis. The secretory γA response appeared in the absence of any significant serum response. High titers of secretory antibody in nasal secretions seemed to depress nasopharyngeal replication of live attenuated virus administered orally, although no effect on virus replication in the lower alimentary tract was observed.
Late Results of Subtalar Distraction Fusion

Between 1990 and 1994, 15 subtalar distraction fusions were performed on 14 patients for sequelae of calcaneus fractures. Twelve patients (13 feet) were available for a minimum 2-year follow-up and constituted the composition of this study. All patients complained of lateral ankle pain and had CT evidence of calcaneofibular abutment and radiographic evidence of loss of heel height preoperatively. The average age at time of surgery was 56 years (range, 23–81 years), and the average follow-up was 47 months (range, 25–75 months). The only change in surgical technique from that previously described was the use of a bone spreader rather than a femoral distractor for distraction of the subtalar joint. The average preoperative talocalcaneal angle improved from 27° (range, 19–37°) to 33° (range, 23–45°) postoperatively (P < 0.003). The mean talar declination angle improved from 11° (range, 6–18°) to 16° (range, 7–27°) postoperatively (P < 0.003). The mean heel height increased from 71 mm (range, 60–83 mm) to 76 mm (range, 63–91 mm) postoperatively (P < 0.0001). All patients completed the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale at latest follow-up, and the average score was 76.1 (range, 57–94). Eleven of 13 outcomes were rated as very satisfactory or satisfactory. Twelve of 13 said they would ‘definitely yes’ do surgery again. We have found that subtalar distraction fusion for late complications of calcaneus fracture in a carefully selected population can provide a consistent and satisfactory outcome.
Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole against 1,586 Recent Clinical Isolates of Candida Species Determined by Broth Microdilution, Disk Diffusion, and Etest Methods: Report from The ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Susceptibility Program, 2001

ABSTRACT The ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Susceptibility Program (ARTEMIS Program) was initiated in 2001 to provide focused surveillance of the activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against Candida spp. isolated from blood and other normally sterile sites. A total of 1,586 episodes of infection were detected at 61 international study sites. Overall, 57.7% of the infections were due to Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata (14.8%), C. parapsilosis (12.5%), C. tropicalis (9.4%), C. krusei (2.7%), and C. lusitaniae (1.5%). Isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were all highly susceptible to fluconazole (for 99% of the isolates the MICs were ≤8 μg/ml). Likewise, 99 to 100% of these species were inhibited by ≤1 μg of voriconazole per ml. Voriconazole was also active against C. glabrata (93% of the isolates were susceptible [MICs ≤ 1 μg/ml]) and C. krusei (100% of the isolates were susceptible). The agar-based Etest and disk diffusion methods performed well for the testing of both fluconazole and voriconazole compared to the broth microdilution MIC reference method. These observations establish the continued importance of C. albicans as a pathogen and the sustained activity of fluconazole and the broad spectrum of activity of voriconazole and will serve as the first-year benchmark for the ARTEMIS Program. Continued surveillance and refinement of broth- and agar-based test methods will help to identify susceptibility trends and improve the laboratory capability for antifungal susceptibility testing.
An Integrated Wide-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This communication describes the design, integration and measurement of a compact, wide-band, circularly polarized antenna for millimeter-wave short-range communication. The antenna is comprised of a five-section square loop and a tapered feed line. This configuration is less sensitive to the fabrication issues compared to the conventional circular spiral antennas. Two samples of this antenna designed for 60 GHz are integrated in a 6 layer IC package. The measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna-in-package is over 12 GHz. Moreover, this circularly polarized antenna provides over 7 GHz of axial ratio bandwidth. The measured peak gain is around 6 dBi. The compact-size and simple feed structure of the designed antenna make it a low-cost solution for the integrated millimeter-wave radio packaging.
Purification and characterization of the flagellar hook–basal body complex of Bacillus subtilis

The flagellar hook–basal body (HBB) complex of the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis was purified and analysed by electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, and amino acid sequencing of the major component proteins. The purified HBB complex consisted of the inner (M and S) rings, a rod and a hook. There were no outer (P and L) rings that are found in Gram‐negative bacteria. The hook was 15 nm in thickness and 70 nm in length, which is thinner and longer than the hook of Salmonella typhimurium. The hook protein had an apparent molecular mass of 29 kDa, and its N‐terminal sequence was identical to that of B. subtilis FlgG, which was previously reported as a rod protein. The sequence of the reported FlgG protein of B. subtilis is more closely related to that of FlgE (the hook protein) rather than FlgG (the rod protein) of S. typhimurium, in spite of the difference of the apparent molecular masses between the two hook proteins (29 kDa versus 42 kDa). The hook–basal body contained six major proteins (with apparent molecular masses of 82, 59, 35, 32, 29 and 20 kDa) and two minor proteins (23 kDa and 13 kDa), which consistently appeared from preparation to preparation. The N‐terminus of each of these proteins was sequenced. Comparison with protein databases revealed the following polypeptide–gene correspondences: 82 kDa, fliF; 59 kDa, flgK; 35 kDa, orfF; 32 kDa, yqhF; 23 kDa, orf3 of the flaA locus; 20 kDa, flgB and flgC; 13 kDa, not determined. The band at 20 kDa was a mixture of FlgB and FlgC, as revealed by two‐dimensional gel analysis. Characteristic features of B. subtilis HBB are discussed in comparison with those of S. typhimiurium.
Predispositional Engagement, Activity Engagement, and Cognition among Older Adults

ABSTRACT We investigated interrelationships between the predisposition toward approaching experiences in a mindful and creative way, participation in specific activities, and cognition among older adults. Participants were administered a battery measuring cognition (i.e., working memory, processing speed, divergent thinking, inductive reasoning, visuo-spatial processing), activity level, and the predisposition towards mental engagement (Need for Cognition, Mindfulness, and Openness to Experience). Results indicated that predispositional engagement and activity engagement are distinct constructs that independently contribute to different aspects of fluid ability, highlighting the importance of considering both the predisposition toward mental engagement as well as the habitual tendency to participate in activities when exploring principles of cognitive optimization.
Homicide trends in the United States

Unlike most other causes of death, homicide has been increasing in the United States, especially since the mid-1960s. Its impact is greatest among nonwhite men. The elimination of homicide would add approximately one and one-half years to their life span. This analysis examines trends and differentials using vital statistics data about homicide victims. A decomposition of components of change reveals that almost all of the rise in homicide mortality among nonwhites and a substantial fraction of the rise among whites results from the increasing use of firearms to kill people.
Calcium in pre-laying and laying rations on the performance and quality of laying hens' eggshell

The experiment evaluated the effect of different calcium (Ca) levels in pre-laying and laying diets on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and fifty-six 16-week-old Brown Hisex pullets were housed in a conventional shed. The experiment had a completely randomized design with 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (four calcium levels - 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3% in pre-laying phase; two calcium levels - 2.5 and 3.5% in laying phase), totaling eight treatments with four repetitions of eight birds per experimental unit. The experiment started with 16-week-old hens receiving pre-laying diets provided until they were 18 weeks old. At this period, the laying diets started. Four 28-day cycles were evaluated for the following variables: production and egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion, mass of eggs and eggshell quality. Results show that a good performance was obtained with 0.8% calcium level in the pre-laying phase, whereas in the laying phase the 3.5% calcium level provided greater weight egg and better eggshell quality.
A Study of the Effects of Internal Marketing on Customer-oriented Social and Prosocial Behaviors (Case study: Hotels in Isfahan city)

The present paper, titled ‘A Study of the Effects of Internal Marketing on Customer-oriented Prosocial Behaviors’ investigates the important role of internal marketing on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and, finally, role-prescribed customer service and extra-role customer service (prosocial behavior) among hotel employees in Isfahan city. A main hypothesis (speculating the significant effect of internal marketing on customer-oriented prosocial behavior) and eleven sub-hypotheses (speculating the significant effect of empowerment, service training and service reward on organizational commitment and job satisfaction as well as speculating the significant effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on role-prescribed customer service and extra-role customer service (prosocial behavior), are presented. This research, in terms of its purpose, is an applied one; and in terms of implementation method, is a survey with a correlation approach. The population includes 140 experienced managers, vice-presidents and employees of the hotels in Isfahan city. The data were collected using questionnaires with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated as 0.91, which includes personal data and main, specialized questions for examination of research hypotheses. From 155 distributed questionnaires, 140 (90%) were returned. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software programs through statistical tests at descriptive (frequency, percentage, accumulated percentage, average and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test, regression modeling, variance analysis, non- parametric Kolmogorov and Smirnov test, and Freedman non-parametric test) levels. The findings supported all research hypotheses. The results indicated that the ninth sub-hypothesis, with a path coefficient of 0.69 is of the highest importance, and that the seventh sub-hypothesis with a path coefficient of
Sleep disturbance in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: The role of hot flashes and nocturia

Patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at risk of sleep disturbance; however, to the authors' knowledge, the mechanisms by which ADT may affect sleep are not well understood. The current study compared objective and subjective sleep disturbance in ADT recipients and controls and examined whether sleep disturbance in ADT recipients is attributable to the influence of ADT on hot flashes and nocturia.
High performance ultra-low-precision convolutions on mobile devices

Many applications of mobile deep learning, especially real-time computer vision workloads, are constrained by computation power. This is particularly true for workloads running on older consumer phones, where a typical device might be powered by a single- or dual-core ARMv7 CPU. We provide an open-source implementation and a comprehensive analysis of (to our knowledge) the state of the art ultra-low-precision (<4 bit precision) implementation of the core primitives required for modern deep learning workloads on ARMv7 devices, and demonstrate speedups of 4x-20x over our additional state-of-the-art float32 and int8 baselines.
Bayesian Model Monitoring

A simple method of monitoring the predictive performance of a class of Bayesian models is introduced. The models involve sequential analyses of sequences of observations and are appropriate for a variety of monitoring and forecasting applications. For any given model, the monitoring technique isbased on a comparison of the predictive ability of the model, measured by the observed values of predictive d nsities, with that of a single alternative. The alternative is constructed sequentially and is designed, for the class of models considered, as a relatively general yet neutral alternative tothe original. The monitor is used as a general diagnostic tool to detect and assess discrepancies between the data and predictions generated from the model; particular sources of such model failure of interest are the occurrence of outliers and structural change in the series. An illustration is provided and a simple method of automatically coping with outliers and adapting to change is outlined.