Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks in Saudi Arabia: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach

This study investigates the representation of gender in two English as a Foreign Language textbooks for elementary students in Saudi schools. It employs the three stages of Fairclough’s (2015) three-dimensional model: description, interpretation, and explanation. The analysis phase of the description stage is concerned with analyzing four aspects: the frequency of male and female occurrences, the kinds of activity that the two genders engage in, the pictorial representations of the two genders, and the social and domestic roles associated with males and females. Subsequently, after compiling quantitative data on these aspects, the analysis moves to a qualitative interpretation of these aspects in relation to the social context. In the final stage of the analysis, when the discussion aims to reach a final critical explanation on the macro level, the underlying ideological functions of power relations and social struggles are explained in terms of the dominance approach to language (Spender, 1980). The analysis of the two textbooks reveals a gender imbalance in favor of males. This imbalance has led to the representation of women as marginalized and stereotypical figures. This study suggests that such an underrepresentation of women could create a false reality surrounding perceptions of women and hinder the process of ensuring equality to all humans.
The effect of unsteady crosswind forces on train dynamic behaviour

This paper sets out a method for the calculation of unsteady cross wind forces on trains, through a process involving the simulation of wind time series and the transformation of these wind time series into aerodynamic force and moment time series through the use of aerodynamic weighting functions. Specific emphasis is given to the method of applying stationary wind tunnel data to the moving full scale situation. An application of this method to a practical situation is then described - the calculation of the relative movement between train pantographs and the overhead electricity supply in high cross winds.
Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for solid-state fermentation and characterization of α-amylase from Aspergillus flavus isolated from Muthupettai Mangrove, Tamil Nadu, India.

In the present study, four fungal isolates from a mangrove soil were screened for their ability to produce α-amylase using solid state fermentation (SSF). Aspergillus flavus proved to be the best α-amylase producer. Various agronomic wastes such as molasses bran, maize meal, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran were used as solid substrates. The highest titer of enzyme activity was obtained when A. flavus was grown on sugarcane bagasse. Different carbon and nitrogen supplements were used to enhance the enzyme production and the highest yield was obtained with soluble starch and yeast extract (1% w/w) as supplements. The optimum pH, temperature, and incubation period for amylase production by the isolate was found to be 6.0, 30°C and 120 h respectively. Partial purification of the amylase using ammonium sulphate fractionation resulted in 5 fold increase in the enzyme activity. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the apparent molecular weight of the enzyme to be 55 kDa. The partially purified enzyme was optimally active at pH 5 and 55°C when 1% of starch and 80.64 µg/ml of enzyme concentrations were used. Presence of Mn 2+ and Ca 2+ salts enhanced the enzyme activity in contrast to Hg 2+ and EDTA, which completely reduced the enzymatic activity. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the mangrove isolate of A. flavus may act as a potent strain for industrial production of α- amylase using SSF with sugarcane bagasse as the substrate.
Space-time variability of phytoplankton structure and diversity in the north-western part of the Arabian Gulf (Kuwait)

Studies of the phytoplankton community were conducted in the north-western Arabian Gulf in 2005 and 2006. Seven stations throughout Kuwait’s waters were sampled. Th e infl uence of nutrient-rich freshwaters from the Shatt al-Arab resulted in high phytoplankton productivity characterized by high species diversity with a strong dominance of diatoms, especially in northern Kuwait. Phytoplankton species richness gradually increased from north to south. Spatial distribution of both total abundance and biomass of phytoplankton indicated signifi cant diff erences in species structure and size spectrum of the microalgae. Th e analysis of the temporal and spatial phytoplankton variability (distribution of total abundance and biomass, similarity of species compositions and local community structure) indicated that Kuwait’s northern waters diff ered from areas further south in terms of phytoplankton structure and temporal and spatial variability. Environmental heterogeneity is mainly attributed to the infl uence of the Shatt al-Arab system, which aff ects the temporal and spatial variability of the phytoplankton community.
The Relationship between Northern Hemisphere Winter Blocking and Tropical Modes of Variability

The influence of some major tropical modes of variability on northern hemisphere regional blocking frequency variability during boreal winter is investigated and the most important findings will be presented here. Reanalysis data and an experiment with the ECMWF model using relaxation towards the ERA-40 reanalysis data inside the tropics are used. The tropical modes under investigation are El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the upper tropospheric equatorial zonal-mean zonal wind (U150). Comparing the impact on blocking frequency of these tropical modes with the impact of two extratropical modes, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), it is found that the tropical influence is of comparable amplitude. Focusing on the Euro-Atlantic sector, it is found that cold ENSO events, late MJO phases, as well as suppressed MJO are all leading to enhanced blocking frequency at lower to middle latitudes (south of 48N) on weekly to monthly timescales. At higher latitudes (north of 48N) over Europe, the blocking anomalies associated with ENSO and the MJO are less clear than at lower latitudes. Instead, at higher latitudes (north of 48N), the westerly (easterly) phase of U150 is associated with reduced (enhanced) blocking frequency.
MATEMATİKSEL MODELLEME ETKİNLİKLERİNİN 5.SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MATEMATİK DERSİNDEKİ AKADEMİK BAŞARILARINA ETKİSİ

Bu arastirmanin amaci, matematiksel modelleme etkinlikleriyle zenginlestirilen bir ogretim uygulamasinin ortaokul besinci sinif ogrencilerinin matematik dersindeki akademik basarilarina etkisini incelemektir. Deneysel yontemin on test-son test kontrol gruplu modelinin kullanildigi arastirma, 2012-2013 egitim ogretim yilinda Erzurum ili Palandoken ilcesindeki bir ortaokulun 55 besinci sinif ogrencisi ile gerceklestirilmistir. Ogretim, deney grubunda (28 ogrenci) matematiksel modelleme etkinliklerine dayali olarak, kontrol grubunda (27 ogrenci) ise matematiksel modelleme etkinliklerinin yer almadigi mevcut programa gore gerceklestirilmistir. Gecmis yillara ait Parasiz Yatililik ve Bursluluk Sinav sorulariyla olusturulan basari testi her iki gruba da on test ve son test olarak uygulanmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda, matematiksel modelleme etkinlikleriyle yapilan ogretimin, matematiksel modelleme etkinliklerinin yer almadigi programa gore ogretim uygulamasindan, akademik basariyi artirmada daha etkili oldugu tespit edilmistir.Elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak, ogrencileri tek duzelikten uzaklastiran matematiksel modelleme etkinliklerinin, ders ortamlarinda uygulanmasini artirmaya yonelik daha fazla calismaya yer verilmesi gerektigi soylenebilir.
Strategic environmental assessment implementation of transport and mobility plans. The case of Italian regions and provinces

Transport and mobility plans imply strategies and actions that affect the environment. The European Union has introduced in 2001 the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) to take into account and mitigate adverse environmental effects in planning and decision-making. SEA limited implementation has attracted the interest of many scholars that have sought methods able to assess the quality of SEA processes by identifying vices and virtues in practice. In this paper, we measure the quality of eight SEAs for transport and mobility plans of regional and provincial administrations of Italy. Results show that the overall quality level of SEA reports is only barely sufficient, Abruzzo is among the virtuous and Piedmont among the critical administrations. We also stress that the determination of impact significance has received the worse quality score. We finally compare our results to other Italian and British homologous cases finding interesting and generally confirmative evidences.
Bidirectional movement of labeled tracers in soybean seedlings

Studies on transport mechanism in plants, using soybean seedlings and C14-labeled tracers, show that: 2,4-D* movement is largely restricted to phloem; monuron* movement takes place in xylem and cell walls; amino triazole* moves in phloem, xylem and cell walls; and maleic hydrazide* moves like amino triazole* and may leak from phloem to xylem and thus, circulate in the plant. Applied to epicotyl, 2,4-D* moves into and along the phloem, monuron* into and along the xylem, and amino triazole* and maleic hydrazide* into and along both phloem and xylem. These distribution patterns show selectivity of solute translocation, and support the concept of mass flow as the mechanism responsible for rapid, long-distance transport of foods in the plant.
CoreASM-based Evaluation of the N-AODV Protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Network topology awareness (NTA) is a fundamental issue in the context of computer networks: the lack of control over the topology can negatively impact performance, security, resilience, and so on. However, in Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs), NTA is difficult to achieve because of their dynamicity. Differ-ent reactive protocols for MANETs, in which routes are established only when needed, provide different NTA to each host, depending on their algorithmic features. NACK-based AODV (N-AODV) is a variant of the well-known Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) reactive protocol for MANETs which we proposed with the aim of improving the NTA of the original protocol. In this paper, an experiment aimed at comparing N-AODV to AODV is reported; it moves from an exploratory case study we conducted pre-liminarily. The results obtained show that a MANET adopting N-AODV exploits higher NTA than a MANET adopting AODV. Moreover, the improved awareness positively impacts effectiveness.
Effect of a Simulated Mine Rescue on Physiological Variables and Heat Strain of Mine Rescue Workers

Objective: To describe physiological responses of mine rescuers during a simulated mine emergency. Methods: Body-worn monitors (n = 74) and core temperature (Tc) capsules (n = 54) assessed heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption ( ), Tc and skin temperature (Tskin), by team position and task. A multivariate analysis was performed with team positions, tasks, and measures as factors. Results: HRmean and HRpeak were 78.6% and 94.5%, respectively, of predicted maximum heart rate. Arduous labor tasks elicited higher HR, RR, and than casualty care. Captains exhibited lower HRmean, HRpeak, RR, RRpeak, , Tc, and Tskin compared with other positions. Tc mean exceeded 38.6 °C (n = 14 recorded Tc >39 °C). Conclusions: Captains’ physical loading and heat stress were lowest. Nonetheless, all tasks and positions induced high physical load and heat strain.
Inpatient treatment and care arrangements to replace or avoid it - Searching for an evidence-based balance

In several countries, it seems to be policy to strive for a mental health system dominated by variants of community care replacing hospital care and culminating in closure of hospitals. Scientific evidence shows that no form of community care for the seriously mentally ill can do without the hospital, but also indicates compellingly that hospital care can be replaced or avoided by community alternatives, although only partially so. The randomized controlled trials that have produced such evidence are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the convergence of findings across trials, their generalisability and the degree to which community alternatives succeeded in avoiding or replacing inpatient treatment. The results of the review are confronted with the justified demand for an evidence-based mental health system.
Location and stigma: A survey of community attitudes to mental illness - Part 1. Enlightenment and stigma

A community survey conducted by trained lay interviewers assessed the responses of a quota sample of 154 local residents to the presence of a community mental health service in three wards of Northtown. The respondents were asked about their knowledge of mental health facilities, and about their attitudes to mental illness, using some of the same questions from the MORI survey of 1979. As in previous studies the proportion of people who knew about the facility was low, and much lower than other community and health facilities in the same area. The findings suggest that while there is a degree of greater openness about mental illness, stigma remains pervasive, and has changed little over the past ten years. Knowledge about mental illness is clearly greater and better developed in some respondents than others, and people who were less embarrassed by mental illness were more likely to know someone receiving help and treatment at the community facility.
Action Thresholds of Empoasca terminalis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Soybean in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia (KEMENRISTEKDIKTI, R.I), administered by the Institute of Research and Extension, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, under the International Collaborative Research Scheme (KLN) No. 1764/UN4.20/PL.09/2015.
Evaluation of the role of CD44 as a cancer stem cell marker in colorectal carcinoma: immunohistochemical study

Objectives The aim of this work was to study the immunohistochemical expression of CD44 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cases. Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis of CRC through their ability of self-renewal and unlimited proliferation, and they seem to be responsible for local relapse and metastasis. Several markers for CSCs have been investigated in CRC, and CD44 was the most likely marker for colorectal CSCs. Materials and methods This retrospective study included 71 colorectal specimens (49 CRC, 13 adenoma, and nine normal cases). The studied cases were collected from the Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, during the period from 2011 to 2015. All cases were stained with CD44 antibody. Survival data were available for 31 of 49 studied CRC cases. Results All cases of normal colonic epithelium and normal colon adjacent to CRC showed no membranous CD44 immunoreactivity; 84.6% of the studied adenoma cases showed no expression of CD44, whereas 57.1% of CRC cases showed positive expression. There was a statistically significant association between positive epithelial expression of CD44 and left-sided tumors (P = 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between CRC and colorectal adenoma (P = 0.007) and between CRC and normal cases (P = 0.000) as regards CD44 expression. There was a highly statistically significant association between stromal expression of CD44 and absence of lymph node invasion (P = 0.002) as well as early Dukes' stage (P = 0.01). Conclusion CD44 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. Stromal expression only of CD44 is associated with better prognostic factors.
Implementation of history dependent properties in a model of human skeletal muscle

This thesis was designed to build upon an existing two-component model of muscle. The model has been used to simulate human muscular contraction. It was written in APL and performed on a digital computer using an iterative process. Some modification of mechanical output is observed in human skeletal muscle which has undergone stretch. This phenomenon, called force enhancement (FE), was not included in the existing model. Consequently FE was investigated using existing data and those collected from additional experiments. The experiments were performed using one subject. Maximally contracting supinator muscles were stretched at various velocities by a free gravitational load. Mechanical relationships for the contractile component (CC) and the series elastic component (SEC) of a two-element model were derived. These represented mechanical properties of a single equivalent muscle performing forearm supination for this subject. The phenomenon of FE was then incorporated into the model. Hotelling's t2 test for matched pairs revealed no significant difference (p<0.01) between experimental and model output. The analyses performed in investigating human eccentric contraction centred on the role of the CC and SEC in a two-element model. Simulations of muscle stretch showed that no CC stretch occurred in the model despite the presence of FE in the experimental results. Because only SEC stretch occurred and the SEC is considered to be a passive element not subject to FE, a criticism of the L two-element model is presented. As most of the elasticity within whole muscle resides in the cross-bridges, they are considered to be central in a ' geometric' theory of FE presented in this thesis. The model is statistically accurate as a predictor of the mechanical response of human skeletal muscle during and after eccentric contractions but this application is purely practical. Despite being able to simulate experimental output, it is not possible to explain theoretically the phenomenon of FE within the framework of the two-element model.
TES KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN

Berbicara adalah kemampuan mengucapkan bunyi-bunyi artikulasi atau kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan, menyatakan serta menyampaikan pikiran, gagasan, dan perasaan. Seorang pembicara harus memilih ragam bahasa yang sesuai dengan ekologi bahasa. Tujuan utama dari berbicara adalah untuk berkomunikasi. Agar kegiatan berbicara yang bertujuan informatif dapat diterima pendengar, pembicaraan secara keseluruhan harus jelas, logis, dan sistematis. Tes berbicara adalah pengukuran untuk mengumpulkan informasi mengenai kemampuan seseorang dalam keterampilan berbicara. Tes berbicara dapat dilakukan dengan tes terpadu atau integratif. Aspek-aspek yang dinilai dalam tes keterampilan berbicara meliputi lafal, tata bahasa, kosakata, kefasihan, isi pembicaraan, dan pemahaman. Tes berbicara secara umum dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok, yakni tes berbicara langsung dan tes berbicara tidak langsung. Tes berbicara itu bervariasi jika dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang, seperti jenis berbicara yang digunakan, kontak pembicara-pendengar, teknik dan penampilan, kesiapan pembaca, serta jenis bahasa yang digunakan.
The value relevance of comprehensive income and components for industrial firms

The tentative decisions under International Accounting Standards Reporting Comprehensive Income (Performance Reporting) (IAS Plus 2004c) require several items that are noncore business to be included as comprehensive income. Using data from Australian firms we replicate the IAS adjustments and use linear and non-linear association regressions to test value relevance of these components. Essentially, our study provides a market test of the Maines and McDaniel (2000) hypothesis that the inclusion of noncore operations in comprehensive income may introduce extraneous noise for investors as a single class. We find evidence that the incorporation of revaluations of non-current operating assets and the non-reporting of extraordinary items in comprehensive income significantly reduces value relevance, with net income from ordinary operations the dominant valuation metric. Our results are consistent with the argument that temporary income and capital adjustment components should be identified and reported separately in flow and stock accounts in order to signal relative importance to investors. We also raise the questions about whether the IAS should uniformly accept the financial concept of capital. Key Words: comprehensive income, noisy presentation formats, noncore income components
Freshwater snails as the intermediate host of trematodes in Iran: a systematic review

Freshwater snails, as the first intermediate hosts of trematodes, can cause health hazards in animals and humans. Recently, the World Health Organization has included Iran in a list of 6 countries known to have serious problems with fascioliasis. In addition, cercarial dermatitis is a job-related disease that is seen often in paddy workers, agricultural labourers, and fishermen in Iran, particularly in Mazandaran Province. Many studies have been conducted in Iran to survey larval trematodes in freshwater snails. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive data exist regarding infections in gastropods. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the types and prevalence of cercarial infections in snails in Iran. Electronic English-language and Persian-language databases were searched to identify 24 published articles reporting the prevalence of trematode infections in snails (9 species from 6 families) in various provinces of Iran. In total, 4.4% of gastropods were infected with the larval stages of trematodes. According to the studies reviewed in this meta-analysis‚ the highest infection prevalence was found in Radix auricularia (9.9%). Twelve larval species of trematodes were identified, and the highest prevalence of cercariae was found for Echinostomatidae cercariae (4.3%). Among the provinces explored, West Azerbaijan had the highest prevalence of infected snails (16.9%). The presence of trematodes in snails could pose a serious health problem in Iran. Thus, further studies are necessary to characterize these infections in other provinces.
A Multilevel Bottom-Up Optimization Methodology for the Automated Synthesis of RF Systems

In recent years there has been a growing interest in electronic design automation methodologies for the optimization-based design of radio frequency (RF) circuits and systems. While for simple circuits several successful methodologies have been proposed, these very same methodologies exhibit significant deficiencies when the complexity of the circuit is increased. The majority of the published methodologies that can tackle RF systems are either based on high-level system specification tools or use models to estimate the system performances. Hence, such approaches do not usually provide the desired accuracy for RF systems. In this paper, a methodology based on hierarchical multilevel bottom-up design approaches is presented, where multiobjective optimization algorithms are used to design an entire RF system from the passive component level up to the system level. Furthermore, each level of the hierarchy is simulated with the highest accuracy possible: electromagnetic simulation accuracy at device-level and electrical simulations at circuit/system-level.