Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Being Disconnected, A Principal Extension for Serious Groups

We introduce gauge theories based on a class of disconnected gauge groups, called principal extensions. Although in this work we focus on 4d theories with N=2 SUSY, such construction is independent of spacetime dimensions and supersymmetry. These groups implement in a consistent way the discrete gauging of charge conjugation, for arbitrary rank. Focusing on the principal extension of SU(N), we explain how many of the exact methods for theories with 8 supercharges can be put into practice in that context. We then explore the physical consequences of having a disconnected gauge group: we find that the Coulomb branch is generically non-freely generated, and the global symmetry of the Higgs branch is modified in a non-trivial way.
High Commitment Compensation Practices and Employee Turnover Intention: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

This study explores the relationship between employees’ perceptions of high commitment compensation practices (a particular subsystem of High Commitment Human Resource Management Practices) and their turnover intention in the Ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. In addition, the current research examines job satisfaction as mediator in the stated relationship. Partial Least Square Path Modeling in Structural Equation Modeling was employed to test the hypothesized relationship on sample data of 346 operators working in RMG organizations in Bangladesh. A judgmental purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample respondents. Data were collected from the operators about their level of turnover intention, job satisfaction and high commitment compensation practices in 2014. Results demonstrate that employees’ perceptions of high commitment compensation practices (HCCPs) reduce the likelihood of their turnover intention. It is found that job satisfaction mediates the above relationship. The findings lead us to believe the importance of understanding the perceptions of HCCPs and related aftereffects at employee level, and to contemplate the effect of job satisfaction in this relationship, if we are to comprehend their influences on organizational performance. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n6s4p321
Antibacterial Activities of Selected Samples of Honey in South-Western Nigeria against Bacteria in Wound Infections

The global challenges resulting from the emergence of numerous resistant pathogenic bacteria have led to a search for alternative therapy ethnomedically. As a result, honey is increasingly valued for its antibacterial activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity of different honey samples was assessed in vitro using agar dilution at different concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100% (v/v) dilution. The antibacterial activity was also determined by spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. The result showed that KG honey sample inhibited the different bacterial isolates at a concentration of 5% and LB honey sample inhibited the isolates at 20% while other honey samples inhibited the bacterial isolates at concentrations ranging between 10% and 30% (v/v) dilution of each honey samples. Thus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged between a concentration of 5% and 30% (v/v) dilution even though antibacterial activities concentration ranged from 5% - 100% (v/v). Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 was considered the most susceptible of all the test isolates. The increases in the absorbances showed that the bacterial populations in each of the honey samples were reduced as the exposure time increases. The study shows that honey being sold in Nigeria may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat infections as they may be an excellent alternative to curtail the further spreading of multi-drug-resistant microorganisms in Nigeria.
Effect of eyestalk ablation on moulting and growth in penaeid prawns : Metapenaeus monoceros

Penaeid prawns of two different size ranges were ablated both unilaterally and bilaterally. The unilateral eyestalk ablated (UEA) prawns consumed 8.9% (35-40mm) and 29.9% (65-70mm) more food than control prawns. Growth was estimated as length and weight changes and significant variation was observed. The moult rate and dry moult weight showed marked differences. In bilateral eyestalk ablated (BEA) prawns dry weight of moult in every succeeding moult was found to decrease. In the larger size group, values of protein efficiency ratio (PER) were almost 50% of that of the lower size group. The UEA prawns exhibited highest conversion efficiency. The production rate of UEA prawns were two to three times more than control where as BEA prawns indicated negative production.
Relationship of Pre-Existing Maternal/Caregiver Acute Respiratory Infection in the Pattern and Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection among Infants in Rivers State, Nigeria

History of upper respiratory tract infection in the mother or siblings was associated with higher risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection in cases. Most upper respiratory tract infections were caused by viral pathogens and likely to occur in many members of the family. The study aimed to determine the existence and pattern of relationship between risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among infants and exposure to pre-existing maternal/caregiver acute respiratory tract infection. The study was designed as a community-based Nested case-control study of 1100 infants randomly selected from 12 communities out of 6 Local Government Areas of the 3 senatorial districts of Rivers State. A multistage random sampling technique was used in selecting the subjects up to the community level. Descriptive method was used to represent the characteristics of the subjects and the differences in ARI between exposed and unexposed infants were tested in a bivariate logistics regression at 5% level of significance. Odds ratio (OR) was used to interpret the size effect measures of ARI on exposure to pre-existing maternal/caregiver ARI differences. A total of 275 Cases of ARI and 825 controls were included in the study. Among exposed infants (N = 104), ARI cases were found to be higher n = 80 (76.9%) than in control n = 24 (23.1%). Whereas, among unexposed infants N = 991, ARI cases were found to be lower n = 195 (19.7%) than in control n = 796 (80.3%). For the exposed infants, the odds for ARI were 13.5 times significantly higher compared to those of their unexposed counterparts (OR-Unadjusted = 13.52, (p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 0.047 - 0.121)). The findings will widen the horizon in the etiological consideration of ARI among infants vis-a-vis exposure potential to pre-existing maternal/caregiver ARI via nursing care. Therefore, community-based sensitization programme on barrier nursing care techniques and personal hygiene practices should be on focus.
Scaling up and out in runoff process understanding: insights from nested experimental catchment studies

Received 30 March 2006 Accepted 25 April 2006 Background International research initiatives such as Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) and Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) have underlined the need for hydrologists to upscale process understanding gleaned in small experimental catchment studies to aid management decisions at larger spatial scales (Sivapalan et al., 2003; Bonell et al., 2006). Arguments as to why this has proved difficult are well rehearsed, and calls for experimentalists to work more closely with modellers to aid this task are widespread (e.g. McDonnell, 2003). One constraint on hydrologists meeting such challenges is that the research infrastructure required to reveal hydrological functioning at nested and larger spatial scales is lacking. Another is the risk in losing information moving from detailed process-based work to more generalized approaches at larger scales (Sidle, 2006). Here, we share experiences and insights from an upscaling initiative in the Feshie catchment in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland; this combines consideration of the dangers inherent in extrapolating from small-scale experimental catchments with discussion of the benefits offered through integrated use of environmental tracers and a geographical information system (GIS) to gain insight into the hydrological behaviour of larger catchments. The potential in using readily available spatial data (in conjunction with the insights from targeted field investigations) in deriving regionally based predictions of catchment function is also examined.
Extrusion Research for Addressing the Obesity Challenge 1

Extrusion is an important technology for processing grain-based products and adds immense value to raw materials ranging from corn, wheat, and rice to sorghum, oats, and soybeans. These raw materials can be in the form of whole-grain flours, dehulled flours, starches, concentrated or isolated cereal and legume proteins, or bran. Extrusion has been used for industrial applications such as rubber and plastics since the late 19th century and has been applied to food products since the 1930s. This technology has gained widespread use in the food industry because of its several benefits, including its economics and versatility. Today extruded products comprise a multibillion dollar market in the United States alone. These products include foods such as breakfast cereals, savory snacks, pastas, confectioneries, and texturized vegetable proteins, as well as products for animal consumption such as pet foods and aquatic feeds.
Fitness Profile of Indian Male Karate Players

Sedentary life style leads to onset of various health problems which cause reduction in bone density, muscle mass and physical fitness [1]. Different forms of martial arts, e.g., Judo, Tai Chi, Soo bahk do, Taekwondo, Karate etc. have gain ed worldwide popularity because of their beneficial effects to maintain the normal health [2,3]. Long term and short term practice of martial arts improved the high intensity effort (HIE), cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility in Filipino athletes [4]. Karate is a trendy form of martial art that has gained in credible popularity in Korea, Japan, China and India. It is being used as a mean to boost self protection especially in some Western countries [1]. Training of Karate reduced the physiological disorders associated with aging and improve general fitness profile of older individuals due to its beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), HIE, muscle de ve lopment, muscular endurance, muscle strength, speed and motor ability [5,6]. VO2max plays a predominant role in Karate performance since it prevents fatigue during training as well as during the competitive events [5]. Japanese Karate practitioners performed this martial art as a precise technique to develop muscle mass, strength, power and motor skills [7]. Fitness profile of Karate players have been reported from different countries [2,3]. But pertinent data is unavailable in Indian Karate players. The present study was therefore aimed to evaluate the fitness profile parameters, e.g., morphological parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness in terms of VO2max, HIE, agility and flexibility in male Karate players of Kolkata, India and to compare the data with the sedentary control group and their overseas counterparts.
Effect of essential oils of medicinal plants on leaf blotch in Tanzania grass

Leaf spots caused by phyto-pathogenic fungi, can reduce the production of forage plants. The essential oils of medicinal plants have antimicrobial potential. The objective here was to evaluate the fungotoxicity in vitro of the essential oils of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae)), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (Poaceae)), lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill.) NE Br ex Britton & P. Wilson (Verbenaceae)) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae)) on the fungus Helminthosporium sp. and the in vivo effect of these oils and of commercial neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae)) on leaf blotch in Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1. The mycelial growth of the fungus was evaluated over five periods (2; 4; 6; 8 and 10 days from incubation) and with five concentrations of essential oils (C1 = 250 ppm; C2 = 500 ppm; C3 = 750 ppm; C4 = 1,000 ppm e C5 = 1,250 ppm). As an alternative control, the preventative and curative effect on leaf blotch of five oil-based treatments were evaluated: lemongrass, citronella, lemon balm, peppermint and neem in four concentrations (2,500; 5,000; 7,500 and 10,000 ppm). The essential oils of lemongrass and citronella were the most effective in reducing mycelial growth of Helminthosporium sp. With the essential oil of lemongrass, the pathogen presented the highest growth concentration (1.250 ppm). The results obtained showed that all the essential oils and concentrations tested presented a preventive and curative effect, reducing the severity of leaf blotch.
Wannier-function based scattering-matrix formalism for photonic crystal circuitry

A guided-mode scattering matrix approach to photonic crystal integrated devices, based on the expansion of the electromagnetic field in Wannier functions is presented and its applicability to large-scale photonic circuits is demonstrated. In particular, we design two components typically used in wavelength division multi/demultiplexing applications, namely, a directional coupler and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and we analyze the transmission spectra as a function of the coupler length and/or delay line length, respectively. These examples demonstrate that by cascading basic functional elements, large-scale circuits can be accurately described and efficiently designed with minimal numerical effort.
Smart baffles to assist upstream culvert passage of small-bodied fish

Current culvert designs have little evolved since ancient designs. Some recognition of the ecological impact of culverts on natural streams and rivers led to changes in culvert design guidelines, too often associated with un-economical design recommendations. A simple small triangular corner baffle system may assist upstream passage of small body-mass fish in box culvert structures on very flat bed slope, while inducing little reduction in discharge capacity at design flow conditions and creating sizeable slow flow regions at less-than-design flow conditions. The system was tested systematically in a near-full-scale physical model, 0.5 m wide and 12 m long. The present investigation delivered a detailed characterisation of the flow field in smooth and triangular baffled channels, at a scale comparable to a small standard box culvert barrel. Tests showed that small-bodied fish preferred to swim in slow-velocity regions, typically in the baffle corner. To be most effective, the corner baffle size has to be comparable with the fish dimensions, and strong flow reversal must be avoided, since it might confuse fish attempting upstream passage. Finally, design guidelines of fish-friendly culverts must be re-thought, with a focus on fish passage for less-than-design flows and maximising the discharge capacity at design flow. Current design practices must evolve from a semi-empirical approach based heavily on simplistic observations and educated guesses to advanced physics-based theoretical considerations and sound engineering guidelines.
Characteristics of patients who underwent lower limb amputation due to critical limb ischemia – one center experience

Wstep. Celem niniejszej pracy bylo przedstawienie charakterystyki pacjentow poddanych amputacji konczyn dolnych z powodu krytycznego niedokrwienia (CLI) w jednym ośrodku angiologicznym. Pacjenci i metody. W latach 2012-2014 w klinice wykonano 39 amputacji konczyn dolnych, na 37 konczynach, u 32 pacjentow leczonych z powodu CLI. Wyniki. Amputacje konczyn dolnych stanowily 39/1282 (3%) wszystkich procedur naczyniowych na tetnicach konczyn dolnych. 49% amputacji dotyczylo przodostopia, 15% podudzia oraz 36% uda; 85% amputacji przeprowadzono na konczynach, ktore wcześniej byly rewaskularyzowane. Średni czas miedzy pierwszym zabie-giem naczyniowym a amputacją konczyny wynosil 99 ± 8-1088 dni. Pacjenci poddani pierwotnej amputacji rzadziej przyjmowali aspiryne (67% vs. 94%; p=0,01) oraz statyny (50% vs. 94%, p=0,002). Pacjenci z amputacją na udzie, w porownaniu z osobami z amputowanym przodostopiem, byli w związku z zabiegiem dluzej hospitalizowani, cześciej mieli rozpoznaną przewleklą niewydolnośc serca (PNS) i nerek (PNN), cześciej palili i rzadziej przebyli udar mozgu. Nie stwierdzono roznic czestości wystepowania cukrzycy i dyslipidemii oraz nasilenia zmian angiograficznych. Zakres amputacji korelowal m.in z wcześniejszą diagnozą PNS i PNN, przebyciem udaru mozgu, wartością MPV, INR i kreatyniny. Czas miedzy wykonanym zabiegiem naczynio-wym a amputacją korelowal znamiennie m.in. z: liczbą wykonanych zabiegow i stentow implantowanych podczas pierwszego zabiegu. Wnioski. 15% pacjentow z CLI trafialo do szpitala w stanie uniemozliwiającym podjecie zabiegu rewaskula-ryzacyjnego. Czynnikami determinującymi koniecznośc amputacji i jej zakres byly: liczba wcześniejszych zabiegow i implantacji stentow, wspolistniejące PNS i PNN, palenie tytoniu, nieadekwatna farmakoterapia (opoźnienie diagno-zy? ), nasilenia zmian angiograficznych oraz wyzsze wartości MPV i INR; nie wplywaly na nią natomiast cukrzyca i dyslipidemia. in factors determining the need for amputation, its level and time between the first revascularization procedure and leg amputation were: the number of preceding procedures and stent implantations, comorbidity of CHF and CKD, smoking habit, inadequate pharmacotherapy (probably due to delayed diagnosis), severity of angiographic lesions, and higher MPV and INR values.
The Evaluation of Prevalence, Extension and Severity of Gingival Recession among Rural Nepalese Adults

Result: Gingival recession was present in 65.44 % of the total study sample and mean number of teeth with gingival recession was 9.77. The prevalence of gingival recession was 41.37%, 58.90%, 77.41% and 86.79% in age groups of 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥ 50 years respectively. In younger age groups Class I gingival recession was more prevalent whereas Class III and Class IV gingival recession was more prevalent in older age groups. Mandibular central incisors were the teeth most frequently affected by gingival recession (7.3%). Conclusion: 9.64% of teeth were affected by severe form of gingival recession at the age group 20-29 years as compared to 48.09 % at the age groups more than 50 years. High prevalence of gingival recession in adult subjects provides information about the importance of diagnosis and knowledge on these pathological gingival changes.
Results and current status of the NPARC alliance validation effort

The NPARC Alliance is a partnership between the NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) and the USAF Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) dedicated to the establishment of a national CFD capability, centered on the NPARC Navier-Stokes computer program. The three main tasks of the Alliance are user support, code development, and validation. The present paper is a status report on the validation effort. It describes the validation approach being taken by the Alliance. Representative results are presented for laminar and turbulent flat plate boundary layers, a supersonic axisymmetric jet, and a glancing shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction. Cases scheduled to be run in the future are also listed. The archive of validation cases is described, including information on how to access it via the Internet.
Tax Policy to Reduce Carbon Emissions in South Africa

Noting that South Africa may be one of the few African countries that could contribute to mitigating climate change, the authors explore the impact of a carbon tax relative to alternative energy taxes on economic welfare. Using a disaggregate general-equilibrium model of the South African economy, they capture the structural characteristics of the energy sector, linking a supply mix that is heavily skewed toward coal to energy use by different sectors and hence their carbon content. The authors consider a"pure"carbon tax as well as various proxy taxes such as those on energy or energy-intensive sectors like transport and basic metals, all of which achieve the same level of carbon reduction. In general, the more targeted the tax to carbon emissions, the better the welfare results. If a carbon tax is feasible, it will have the least marginal cost of abatement by a substantial amount when compared to alternative tax instruments. If a carbon tax is not feasible, a sales tax on energy inputs is the next best option. Moreover, labor market distortions such as labor market segmentation or unemployment will likely dominate the welfare and equity implications of a carbon tax for South Africa. This being the case, if South Africa were able to remove some of the distortions in the labor market, the cost of carbon taxation would be negligible. In short, the discussion of carbon taxation in South Africa can focus on considerations other than the economic welfare costs, which are likely to be quite low.
[Al ii] in the ultraviolet spectrum of the symbiotic star RR Telescopii

An inspection of a GHRS/HST spectrum of the symbiotic star RR Telescopii reveals the presence of the [Al ii] 3s21S – 3s3p 3P2 line at a vacuum wavelength of 2661.06±0.08 A, 8.89±0.08 A away from the Al ii] 3s21S – 3s3p 3P1 intercombination transition at 2669.95 A, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of Δλ=8.80 A. We also find that the Al ii] line profile is asymmetric, showing a strong low-density component with a weak high-density wing, redshifted by 30 km s−1, in agreement with the findings of Schild & Schmid, which were based on optical observations. Our measurement of the emission-line ratio RI(2661.06 A)/I(2669.95 A)=0.027±0.003 implies log Ne=5.8±0.2, in good agreement with the densities found from other ions, such as Si iii. These results provide strong evidence that we have detected the [Al ii] line, the first time (to our knowledge) that this feature has been reliably identified in an astrophysical or laboratory spectrum.
Effects of prey concentration on ingestion rates of European sardine Sardina pilchardus larvae in the laboratory

The quantification of prey requirements for larval fish is essential to understand how environmental factors act to restrict suitable habitats and recruitment success in marine fish. The effect of prey concentration on ingestion rates of the European sardine Sardina pilchardus was estimated for larvae through 50 d post-hatch (dph) under controlled laboratory conditions at 15°C. Prey were nauplii and copepodites of the calanoid copepod Acartia grani, which were provided to larvae at 3 concentrations (0.5, 2 and 6 nauplii ml −1 and 0.1, 0.5 and 1 copepodites ml −1 ). Larvae were not able to capture copepod nauplii at the beginning of exogenous feeding, suggesting that early larvae depend on smaller prey types and/or less mobile prey than copepods. The mean size of prey found in the guts of sardine larvae increased from 145 to 348 μm for larvae of total length increasing from 6 to 18 mm, respectively. Maximum ingestion rates (232 ± 8.0 μg C larva −1 h −1 ) were reached at the highest prey concentration diet for individuals >40 dph (1500 to 2500 μg C dry weight). These feeding rates are higher than values previously reported for the larvae of small pelagic fish. The inability of sardine larvae to feed at low prey concentrations, particularly during the first weeks of life, suggests that this species relies on and is adapted to forage within dense prey patches. Given this feeding strategy, bottom-up processes causing food limitation may strongly impact the survival and growth of sardine larvae.