Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light in periodically stratified media

A pedagogical presentation of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in stratified media is given. The usual 2 × 2 matrix analysis is simplified and generalized. A Bloch factor eigenvalue equation is obtained, valid for all periodic stratifications. The implications of the band structure of an infinite periodic structure for reflection by a finite structure are demonstrated. Some features of the reflectivity are shown to be universal. In the long-wave limit, a periodic stratification with an arbitrary dielectric function profile ∊(z) within a unit cell is shown to be equivalent to a homogeneous anisotropic medium, with ordinary and extraordinary dielectric constants given by ∊o = 〈∊〉 and ∊e−1 = 〈∊−1〉.
Greed is Not Always Good: On Submodular Maximization over Independence Systems

In this work, we consider the maximization of submodular functions constrained by independence systems. Because of the wide applicability of submodular functions, this problem has been extensively studied in the literature. When the independence system is a $p$-system, prior literature has claimed that the greedy algorithm achieves a $1/(p+1)$-approximation if the submodular function is monotone. We show that, on the contrary, for any $\epsilon > 0$, the problem is hard to approximate within $(2/n)^{1-\epsilon}$, where $n$ is the size of the ground set, even when the independence system is a $1$-system. This result invalidates prior work on constant-factor algorithms for non-monotone submodular maximization over $p$-systems as well. On the positive side, we provide the first nearly linear-time algorithm for maximization of non-monotone submodular functions over $p$-extendible independence systems, which are a subclass of $p$-systems.
Impact Assessment of Cement Factory Waste Water on the Heavy Metal Contents of a Typical Low-Latitude Stream in North Central Nigeria

Sediment and water samples from Oinyi River were collected bi-monthly from three sampling stations and analyzed for heavy metals in order to ascertain their distribution in sediment and water of the river, and also to determine the effects of the cement factory waste water on heavy metal concentration of the studied river. Station 1, located upstream of point of discharge of cement factory waste water, served as control point. Station 2 was immediately downstream of the factory’s waste water discharge point, and was designated as impact site while station 3 which was selected as the recovery site was downstream of both station 1 and 2. The cement factory waste water impacted negatively on the water chemistry and sediment of the river. Values obtained from river water sample showed that Zinc (0.05-0.054mg/l) and Copper (0.004-0.008mg/l) had their highest values at station 2 while the values of Manganese (114.8–115.8mg/kg), Zinc (6.07–6.26 mg/kg), Copper (3.3–3.39 mg/kg), Nickel (5.2–6 mg/kg), Lead (0.4–0.55 mg/kg), Chromium (0.3–0.45 mg/kg) and Cadmium (0.15–0.24 mg/kg), of river sediment, were also highest at the cement impacted site. However, there was reduction in the amount of Iron (92.4–93.8 mg/kg) in sediment sample of impacted site. These noticeable increases in the heavy metal contents of the waste water impacted site may be attributed to the cement factory effluent, and if not checked or stopped may become a matter of health issue because of the enormous human activities taking place in the site, as recorded in the study. Keywords : cement factory; waste water; heavy metals; sediment; water quality; Oinyi River.
Peanut performance and weed management in a high-residue cover crop system

Previous research has indicated that conservation tillage is a viable option for suc‐ cessful peanut production; however, interactions between cover crop residues and peanut growth are not fully understood. Additional information is needed about the effects of varying levels of cover crop biomass on peanut growth and develop‐ ment. Level of cover crop residue may also affect the preemergence herbicide activi‐ ty through interception and efficacy of weed suppression. The objectives of this peanut research were to determine if varying amounts of cover crop biomass would affect peanut growth, herbicide interception, or weed control. This research also aimed to determine if cover crop management practices (rolling or standing cover) would affect herbicide interception rates. The study consisted of a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop planted at three different dates as well as a fallow treatment at two locations: Dawson, GA, and Headland, AL. Pendimethalin was applied PRE at 1 kg ai/ha across the entire area just prior to planting of the Georgia 03-L peanut variety. Soil samples were collected at three different dates after planting for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to determine pendimethalin levels. Peanut yields differed only between location regardless of cover crop residue level with the Headland, Alabama, site averaging 4,272 kg/ha and the Dawson, Georgia, site aver‐ aging 2,247 kg/ha. Pendimethalin extraction from soil samples indicated no differ‐ ence in herbicide recovery between winter fallow systems compared to treatments with cover crops. Weed control ratings taken at 21 and 45 days after planting (DAP) showed greater weed suppression for cover crop systems for an extended period of time when higher levels of cover crop biomass are present. Results of this experi‐ ment indicate the inclusion of cover crops in a conservation-tilled peanut system can be a successful alternative to winter fallow systems without reducing peanut yield or herbicide efficacy.
Yellowstone ` s Volcano and Sun : Fragments Selected Works

The dynamic portrait Yellowstone`s volcano in the form of a detailed analysis of the key parameters in real time is represent. Important preliminary conclusions: active volcanoes energetically open systems with the strong influence of outward astrophysical components, primarily solar fluxes of muons and neutrinos. It is necessary to take into account the forecast of their activity. Astrophysical component is one of the main mechanisms of synchronization super volcano activity. Similar to the Earth, the Solar system is also prone to volcanoes synchronizing effects astrophysical components, i.e. the solar system has a common general geophysical rhythms. Now we are analyzing more interesting processes and new data.
Understanding the adoption of Social media in the Australian Healthcare Sector: A Meta Analytical Approach

The use and application of social media in the healthcare industry is attracting the attention of the researchers worldwide. The usage and application of social media in health communication has presented a new dimension in healthcare for potentially improving health outcomes. However, there has been widespread critique of its application due to the lack of sufficient information, and grounded with a common myth that social media is limited to social interaction and has not found a beneficial usage of its application in the industry. This paper focuses on identifying the real time benefits and limitations which include the social, ideological, and technological usage of social media in the healthcare industry unlike other industries where-in a widespread application has changed the dynamics. The diverse range of social platform which entails collaborative projects, content communities, social networking sites, virtual games and social worlds have been in use already in the healthcare industry but lacks the wider acknowledgement as deserving. Information Technology acceptance has been widely researched in the extant literature. However, studies focusing on the acceptance and usage of social media from the perspectives of healthcare professionals are sparsely represented. To add to the growing work in this arena, we propose a conceptual model appropriate for determining the drivers and barriers of social media usage in the healthcare industry. The study applies unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model by identifying the existing gaps in the prevalent literature. Some modifications to the extant model were required to fit the purpose of the study. The study shall entail the examination of the drivers and barriers of social media usage of healthcare professionals with some key recommendations for future research. The results of this research will contribute immensely to the limited research available in literature and will have significant implications for practitioners and healthcare professionals in Australia and comparable parts of the world.
The new macroeconomics: Asymmetric information, investment finance and real business cycles

This paper surveys the literature on the role of financial factors in explaining economic fluctuations. We begin by discussing the views of some prominent early macroeconomists and then examine the recent literature on the role of asymmetric information in the market for investment finance. This literature shows that in the presence of informational asymmetries, financial factors may affect real variables like investment and output. In dynamic models real variables may also affect financial factors and may generate persistent effects of shocks even in models which would not display persistence in the absence of the informational asymmetry. Preliminary: Comments welcome.
A New Approach to Community Detection in Complex Networks by Using Memetic Algorithms

Nowadays, networks are widely used to show the structure and type of relationship in various fields of science including social sciences, engineering, and social network. Investigating the structure of these networks has always been of interest to many people. To this end, the present study tries to identify these networks as interconnected communities, while each community might have unique properties. In this regard various methods and algorithms with different evaluation criteria are used, with the evolutionary algorithm having the highest share. The present research attempts to introduce a relatively efficient method for community detection through introduction of a new evaluation criterion based on the modularity density and giving weight to the relationships between nodes in the unweighted networks. For this purpose, at first we propose a new modularity based on difference of weight of nodes in a same community with other community also for this we propose a method for calculation weight between nodes in a same community named α_ij and between nodes in different community named β_ij. And employing this new modularity as the evaluation criteria by using Memetic Algorithm(MA). The proposed algorithms are evaluated in very complex artificial and real networks and the results were analyzed and were compared to other algorithms. For accuracy of the algorithm the number of communities is identified also Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) and Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) criteria are used to evaluate the algorithm. The obtained results indicated that MA based on new density is effective and efficient at detecting the community structure in complex real and artificial networks.
PROTECTIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN PATIENTS WITHOUT OR WITH LUNG INJURY

The mortality of Acute Respiratory Dis- tress Syndrome (ARDS) is still high from 27 to 45% ac- cording to Berlin definition. Even in surgical patients without lung injury, the postoperative pulmonary com- plications (PPCs) are frequent. Mechanisms of ARDS, ventilator associated lung injury (VALI) and PPCs are better understood. In ARDS, protective ventilation with low tidal volume 6 ml/kg PBW and higher levels of pos- itive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is widely accepted as routine practice. In no ARDS patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, protective ventilation with low tidal volume 6ml/kg PBW and low to moderate levels of PEEP has become the new challenge paradigm shift of supportive care mainly in ICU and perioperative pa- tients. Respiratory monitoring is very helpful for opti- mizing mechanical ventilator setting to prevent VALI and early detect PPCs during the perioperative period. Several scores have been developed to stratify the risk of ARDS, VALI and PPCs. It's time to apply basic phys- iologic knowledge of respiratory function and evidence based practice to improve ARDS and PPCs outcomes.
Bioactive properties of some selected Libyan plants

The present work evaluates the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of four Libyan plants (Arbutus pavarii, Pegnanum harmal, Pistachia atlantica, and Fagonia bruguieri) using various assays including reducing power, Phosphomolybdenum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide free-radical scavenging activity. In vitro, the antibacterial activity of crude and flavonoids extracts were determined against five strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi. In the extracts of all plants under investigation, the total flavonoids and polyphenols were quantitatively estimated. Leaves of A. pavarii possess the highest antioxidant potential with significant free-radical-scavenging effects; the highest flavonoids content (1504.28±80.89 mg Rutin g-1) and a relatively high content of phenolics (1217.14±50.52 mg GAE g-1) compared to the other tested plants. Regression analysis of the antioxidant assays showed a strong correlation between phenolics or flavonoids content and nitric oxide scavenging activity as well as total antioxidant activity. Also the crude extracts especially A. pavarii showed greater growth inhibition capacity towards tested bacterial strains. Results of the antioxidant assays and antimicrobial screening showed that, all tested plants can act as radical scavengers and antimicrobial agents to a certain extent. Future study is recommended to further purify and examine individual bioactive compounds from these extracts and evaluate their in vivo antioxidant and bacterial activities. Key words: Arbutus pavarii, Pegnanum harmal, Pistachia atlantica, Fagonia bruguieri, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity.
Effectiveness of Trichoderma Biotic Applications in Regulating the RelatedDefense Genes Affecting Tomato Early Blight Disease

Early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani fungus is one of the most important diseases attacking tomato especially in humid regions with high temperatures (24-29°C). Controlling the early blight disease using fungicides has become unfavorable in the last years due to their environmental and human health concerns. Biotic and abiotic induction of host plants defense mechanisms could be applied as an alternative management strategy against the disease. Nowadays, different Trichoderma species could be used as one of promising bio-control agents affecting development and disease incidence of Alternaria solani on tomato plants. In present study, the direct and indirect effects of different Trichoderma isolates application on Alternaria solani infection as well as on the gene expression levels of some related genes to defense mechanisms in tomato plants was investigated. Results indicated that Trichoderma species reduced either the mycelial growth or the disease incidence of Alternaria solani. Treating tomato roots with Trichoderma harzianum-T10 isolate affected the relative expression levels of eight different genes within tomato leaves. Three genes of them i.e., Les.21895, Les.19403 and Les.1097, which involved in auxin, ethylene and lignin pathway respectively, were up regulated while the other three genes i.e., Les.20348, Les.3129 and Les.9833, which related to pyruvate kinase pathways, were down regulated. In addition, treating tomato plants with Trichoderma harzianum T10 regulated the expression level of some Pr-protein genes i.e., Pr-1 and Pr-5. These findings suggested that induction of systemic defense mechanisms using the mutualistic Trichoderma isolates such as T10 is candidate to be among the mechanisms that can play a crucial role in controlling tomato early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani.
Landscape connectivity studies on segmentation based classification and manual interpretation of remote sensing data

Analysing landscape structure and landscape pattern through indices is relatively widespread in landscape ecology and landscape planning. The lack of comparability of the results between different case studies and across spatial resolutions limits the potential usefulness of landscape metrics, in a context where multi-scale GIS and high resolution remotely sensed data are becoming increasingly available. In this paper, an object-based methodology to analyse and quantify connectivity at a landscape level as a general measure is described. Connectivity is to some degree species-dependent. What is regarded as ‘connected’ for one species can be unreachable for another species. In landscape planning and for many conservation efforts at a landscape level, more general measures of connectivity of patches are needed. Recently some progress has been made in the foundation of fragmentation indices, but connectivity measures are still immature. We analyse categorical data derived from fused Landsat-ETM imagery and aerial photography using multiscale image segmentation techniques in eCognition © software. In an object-based semantic network which links several segmentation levels, rules are formulated to exploit neighbourhood/distance relationships of the resulting patches. The work is done in the context of the European Union funded project BioAssess (EVK2-CT1999-00041).
Analytical approach to evaluate stability of pile-stabilized slope

Many studies have been conducted to examine the factor of safety of a slope reinforced by a row of piles and the forces acting on these piles. This paper presents an analytical approach to calculate the forces acting on piles and the corresponding factor of safety of slopes stabilized by a row of piles. The proposed approach is based on force equilibrium within the upslope wedge above the pile location and would require knowledge of the upper wedge weight before application. The validity of the proposed analytical approach was verified by comparing the results with those obtained using available approaches in the literature as well as from physical experiments and numerical analyses using available software. Additionally, the effect of arching phenomenon was examined and the optimum pile spacing for use in reinforcing slopes was investigated. The optimum pile spacing depends on the properties of the soil comprising the slope, but the most cost-effective pile spacing was found to be between 4-5 times of the pile diameter, corresponding to the largest spacing that can generate arching between piles. Thus, the proposed analytical approach can be used in practical applications to determine the stability of slopes reinforced by a row of piles.
Productivity of jambu (Acmella oleracea) using different soil water tensions and nitrogen rates under greenhouse condition

Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. is a native Amazon vegetable, known as jambu, which is widely used in regional cuisine and has aroused the interest of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic market. Thereby, this work aimed to study the effect of different soil water tensions and nitrogen rates on Jambu cultivation in the State of Pará. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 30 days in 2016 testing Jamburana cultivar in a 10 × 10 cm spacing in the experiment. The experimental design was based on randomized blocks in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The treatments consisted of four soil water tensions (12, 18, 24 and 30 kPa) adjusted using drip irrigation, and four doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-¹) of nitrogen. The analyzed variables were fresh mass, plant height, productivity and water use efficiency. There was no interaction between soil water tensions factors and nitrogen rates for all variables. The results showed that the best water tension in the soil and nitrogen dose that provided better development and productivity of jambu were 18 kPa and 79 kg ha-¹, respectively.
COMPARISON OF INTRATHECAL FENTANYL AND MIDAZOLAM FOR PREVENTION OF NAUSEA-VOMITING DURING CAESAREAN DELIVERY UNDER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA

Intrathecal administration of low dose of fentanyl and midazolam have been reported to minimize the incidence of nausea-vomiting intraoperatively and in early postoperative period during caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia without appreciable side effects. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of either of the two agents when co-administered intrathecally with 0.5% bupivacaine in caesarean delivery. One hundred and twenty parturients (ASA I) scheduled for elective caesarean delivery with spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups (n=40). Group I received intrathecal (IT) placebo, group II received IT midazolam 2 mg, and group III received IT fentanyl 12.5 mg. Study agents were co-administered along with 2.0 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%). The incidence of nausea-vomiting and any other adverse effects were recorded during intraoperative and early postoperative period. Incidence of intraoperative and early postoperative nausea-vomiting was 75% with placebo, 40% with midazolam and 25% with fentanyl (P values with placebo < 0.05, while that between midazolam and fentanyl > 0.05). Adverse events caused by the study agents did not differ significantly. Intrathecal co-administration of midazolam or fentanyl significantly minimize the incidence of nausea-vomiting during intraoperative and early postoperative period in caesarean delivery.
IMU integration for the precise determination of highly kinematic flight trajectories 1

An indispensable prerequisite for operating an airborne laserscanner for point determination on or close to the earth’s surface is the knowledge about the precise spatial position and orientation of the laserscanner. These parameters of the aircraft’s (respectively scanner) trajectory can be determined using a multi-sensor system which consists of a GNSS receiver and an inertial navigation system. This article focuses on the basic principles of IMU/ GNSS integration and the comparison of a combination software, developed at TU Vienna, with the commercial software Waypoint. Further investigations cover the implementation and modelling of the IMU sensor errors.
Response of wheat to seed dressing with humus and foliar potassium fertilization.

Growing demand for wheat grain with optimal technological parameters results in looking for the possibilities of accurately meeting the plant needs. Environmental conditions in the surroundings of germinating grains can be improved by application of humic preparations. Qualitative features of grain can be also changed by foliar application of potassium, which is the activator of enzymes catalysing synthesis of proteins. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of seed dressing with Humistar (12% of humic acids, 3% fulvic acids) and foliar application of Drakar (31% K 2O, 3% N) on the spring wheat yield and qualitative features of the grain, namely, 1,000 Kernel Weight (TKW), Hectolitre Mass (HM), Grain Glassiness (GG), Falling Number (FN), total Protein Content (PC), Wet Gluten content (WG) and Sedimentation Value (SV). The experiment was established in the randomized blocks design in a soil classified as Mesic Typic Hapludalfs. The effect of the applied preparations on yield was non-significant, but it was favourable for grain quality. Application of Humistar resulted in an improvement of TKW, HM, GG, PC, WG and SV as compared with the control. Results of the application of Drakar were similar to Humistar in affecting HM, WG and SV, and in the case of PC, the result was even better. The effect of Drakar on GG, although favourable compared to the control, was smaller than after the application of Humistar. Seed dressing with Humistar or foliar potassium fertilization with Drakar are agrotechnical methods that can improve the qualitative features of milling wheat grain.