Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation of colonial nesting waterbirds in eastern Uganda.

The aim of this study was to investigate temporal variations in the populations of tree nesting colonial waterbirds in eastern Uganda. Counts of breeding pairs were made during a six year period: 2005 and 2008 to 2012. Eight waterbird species namely, Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus carbo, Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica, Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis, African Spoonbill Platalea alba, Long-tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus, Little Egret Egretta garzetta and the Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala, were recorded breeding. There was a decline in the number of nesting sites and breeding pairs over time. The possible cause of this decline is the cutting down of nesting trees by man, particularly because most waterbirds chose to nest on the Mvule tree Milicia excelsa that is also a very good source of timber for the local communities. Except Pelicanus carbo, all the other waterbird species recorded breeding seem to have adapted to this habitat loss by nesting on other tree species like Cassia Cassia spectabilis and Mango Mangifera indica L. It is therefore desirable to find out how Pelicanus carbo is coping with this habitat loss.
Histological Studies of Common Carp Ovarian Development During Breeding Season in Khouzestan Province, Iran

Ovaries of 49 common carp brooders were collected during April to October 2010. Tissue samples were taken from anterior, median and posterior portions of the ovaries. Thin sections were prepared and stained by H&E and PAS. Histological examination showed that breeding seasons in common carp in this area take long at least 7 months and spawning were continued since April to October. It seems that previtellogenesis an d vitellogenesis stages are short in Khouzestan climate condition and this species enter in maturation phase rapidly. Histological and histometrical results showed that the minimum and maximum diameters of follicles were observed in chromatin nucleolus and secondary vitellogenic follicles respectively. Zona radiata reached to maximum thickness in secondary vitellogenic follicles. Nucleus reached to maximum diameter in primar y vitellogenic follicles. There was significant difference in parenchyma percentage between three stages of reproductive cycle. Also, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) from previtellogenesis to vitellogenesis and maturation stages was increased significantly (p<0.05).
Intra‐ and Intersexual Selection for Multiple Traits in the Peacock (Pavo cristatus)

Animal communication involves a multitude of signals ranging from morphological to behavioural traits. In spite of the diversity of traits used in animal signalling, most studies of sexual selection have focused on single male traits. Moreover, the two forces of sexual selection (male–male competition and female preference) may target different traits and favour the diversification of male signalling. Still, little is known on the combined effects of intra- and intersexual selection on the evolution of multiple signals. The peacock is often cited as one of the best examples of the strength of sexual selection in producing exaggerated traits. Here, we investigated traits under intra- and intersexual selection in a population of free-ranging common peafowl. Peacocks with longer trains and tarsi were more likely to establish a display territory in a central position within the lek and had a higher number of intrusions and agonistic interactions. These traits appeared therefore to be under intrasexual selection. Female selection was assessed as the number of copulations. Mating success was positively correlated with behavioural traits (display activity) and with train ornamentation (number and density of ocelli) suggesting that females use multiple cues during mate selection. Therefore, intraand intersexual selection seem to operate on different sets of traits. Overall, our results stress the role of multiple receivers on the evolution of multiple signals.
Water Flow and Heat Transport in Frozen Soil

A new method is presented to account for phase changes in a fully implicit numerical model for coupled heat transport and variably saturated water flow involving conditions both above and below zero temperature. The method is based on a mixed formulation for both water flow and heat transport similar to the approach commonly used for the Richards equation. The approach enabled numerically stable, energy- and mass-conservative solutions. The model was evaluated by comparing predictions with data from laboratory column freezing experiments. These experiments involved 20-cm long soil columns with an internal diameter of 8 cm that were exposed at the top to a circulating fluid with a temperature of −6°C. Water and soil in the columns froze from the top down during the experiment, with the freezing process inducing significant water redistribution within the soil. A new function is proposed to better describe the dependency of the thermal conductivity on the ice and water contents of frozen soils. Predicted values of the total water content compared well with measured values. The model proved to be numerically stable also for a hypothetical road problem involving simultaneous heat transport and water flow. The problem was simulated using measured values of the surface temperature for the duration of almost 1 yr. Since the road was snow-plowed during winter, surface temperatures varied more rapidly, and reached much lower values, than would have been the case under a natural snow cover. The numerical experiments demonstrate the ability of the code to cope with rapidly changing boundary conditions and very nonlinear water content and pressure head distributions in the soil profile.
A gap in management accounting education: fact or fiction

Purpose The aim of this paper is to gain insights into the gap that persists between management accounting education (MAE) and practice. Design/methodology/approach MAE is examined from four perspectives of the balanced scorecard (BSC), in terms of what is being taught at tertiary level: customer satisfaction, learning and growth, internal business and financial. A survey questionnaire was sent to management accountants selected randomly from a list of practicing management accountants identified by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants in South Africa. Findings The study finds support for allegations that a gap exists between MAE and practice and indicates that to address this gap, a holistic focus using the four perspectives of the BSC would be useful to investigate the gap. Research limitations/implications Previous studies in relation to the gap in management education have focused on the lack of skills provided by tertiary education. As one of the few studies to focus on the overall performance of MAE, this study identifies that the gap is not limited to the provision of adequate skills. The findings show that the gap is significant in terms of customer perspective but is not significant in relation to the internal business, learning and growth and financial perspectives of the BSC. The study provides deeper insights into the gap and will help tertiary education providers to improve their performance. Practical implications As one of the few studies on gaps between MAE and practice, the study provides insights to the potential gaps. The findings serve as a basis for further empirical and theoretical enquiries. Originality/value The study contributes to the management accounting literature by focusing on the gap in MAE using a BSC approach. Rather than single out the lack of skills provided by MAE as a reason for the gap, this paper provides information on the four areas of the BSC as ways to identify the gap.
Service Quality beyond Access: A Multilevel Analysis of Neonatal, Infant, and Under-Five Child Mortality Using the Indian Demographic and Health Survey 2015~2016

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Research Associate, Seoul National University College of Medicine, JW LEE Center for Global Medicine of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Professor, Population Health and Geography, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA Professor, International Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, JW LEE Center for Global Medicine of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Convergence rates for the quasi-reversibility method to solve the Cauchy problem for Laplace's equation

We consider the quasi-reversibility method to solve the Cauchy problem for Laplace's equation in a smooth bounded domain. We assume that the Cauchy data are contaminated by some noise of amplitude σ, so that we make a regular choice of ε as a function of σ, where ε is the small parameter of the quasi-reversibility method. Specifically, we present two different results concerning the convergence rate of the solution of quasi-reversibility to the exact solution when σ tends to 0. The first result is a convergence rate of type in a truncated domain, the second one holds when a source condition is assumed and is a convergence rate of type in the whole domain.
Temperature in quantum dynamics

What is the meaning of the thermodynamical temperature in quantum mechanics? What is its role in the classical limit? What can we say about the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations? Can we impose a constant-temperature constraint within dynamical simulations of quantum systems as we do in simulations of classical systems? These questions will be reviewed here. In particular, it will be shown how a quantum version of the celebrated Nose constant-temperature dynamics can be defined within the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics.
Assessing Studentsâ€™ Attitude and Intention to Use M- learning in Higher Education

Mobile learning (m-learning) is a key solution for education in order to improve the learning effectiveness of students. Increasing mobile penetrationÂ in the world, particularly among the young generationÂ urges the investigation of the factors affecting m-learning use in higher education institutions. The primary aim of this paper is to utilize general extended technology acceptance model for e-learning (GETAMEL)Â developed by Abdullah and Ward (2016) to examineÂ the factors driving the undergraduate studentsâ€™Â attitudeÂ and intention to use m-learning in Azerbaijan with theÂ moderating effect of Technology innovativeness (TI). Â The study used a survey conducted across the under-Â graduate students in the 7 universities located in theÂ Baku city. The survey questionnaire was used to collectÂ valid data from 698 samples. The Structural EquationÂ Modelling (SEM) results revealed that Experience (XP),Â Subjective norms (SN), Enjoyment (ENJOY), Information and communication technologies anxiety (IC-TA), and Self-efficacy (SE) significantly influence Perceived Usefulness (PU), while only XP and ICTA haveÂ an impact on Perceived ease of use (PEOU). It did notÂ affect PU of m-learning. TI was found to have moderating effect on the relationship of PEOU and PU withÂ Attitude (ATT), but not the relationship of ATT withÂ Intention (INT). This study filled the gap in the m-learning literature in Azerbaijan, and provided significant implication for both academic and governmentÂ institutions willing to increase the penetration of ICTÂ technologies and m-learning in higher education.
Effects Of Television Programming On Preschool Children’s Social Development In Westlands District, Nairobi

The rapid convergence of mass media and communication technologies has made Television clearly part of the lives of hundreds of millions of young children around the world. Despite this, little is known about the effects of television programming on child’s social development. There is lack of research for example among pre-schooled to establish what they watch and the amount of time they spend. The study therefore sought to establish the effects of television programming on preschool children’s social development in Westland’s district, Nairobi. The objectives of the study were to find out the type of programs that preschool children watch and their effects on social development, establish the duration children spend watching the television programs and to assess the kind of social interaction associated with TV viewing among preschoolers. The study employed descriptive research design. Simple random sampling and systematic sampling were used to select the sample size. A sample of 58 parents, 58 children and 6 teachers formed the respondent in this study. The study used interview schedule and observation checklist as instruments for data collection. The validity and of the questionnaires was enhanced through pilot study in two schools. Validity of the instrument was done by supervisors and examiners in Department of Education. Research permit was sought from the city education department and consent letter from the University of Nairobi to carry out the study. Data collected was coded cleaned and categorized manually by researcher transferred to computer sheet and processed by use of Statistical Packrge for Social Sciences. The data was then analyzed using frequency distribution ;ables#and percentages, for all items. The study established that 96.6% of
Thermoelectricity from Macro to Nanoscale: Wave Behaviour and Non-Local Effects

In this chapter, the physical principles to be taken into account in thermoelectricity at the nanometre scale are discussed. We argue that the numerical methods must also be adapted to the emergence of new physical behaviours at that scale, namely, wave propagation of heat, diffusive-ballistic transition, nonlocal effects, among others. It is first shown that thermoelectric phenomena at the nanoscale can be described by introducing thermodynamic inertia and nonlocal effects. The transport equations are obtained from the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. After this, we introduce the Spectral Chebyshev Collocation method as a well- suited numerical method to deal with the new physical behaviours appearing at the nanoscale. We then show the use of these formalisms to analyse specific and interesting aspects of the optimization of pulsed thermoelectricity and coupled thermoelectric modules.
The lead-lag relation between the stock and the bond markets

ABSTRACT I examine the relative informational efficiency of bonds and the underlying stocks through the lead-lag relation between their daily returns. I find that stock returns lead the returns of high yield bonds but not those of investment grade bonds, which indicates that the stock market is relatively more informational efficient than the bond market. The findings imply trading opportunities for the bonds that are highly sensitive to the release of new information. I also find that stocks detect impending defaults earlier than bonds, which implies that bond holders may have enough time to protect their capital.
Desert rodent populations: factors affecting abundance, distribution, and genetic structure

— Literature concerning North American nocturnal desert rodents is reviewed to delimit current knowledge of the importance of various factors to abundance, distribution, and genetic structure. In addition, strategies for further study are suggested. Abundance: That increased rodent abundance often follows flushes of annual plant growth that follow favorable rains is well established. The ultimate reason for this pattern has not been established. Competition is important as well, but predation and parasitism have received little consideration. Distribution: Patterns of distribution have been shown to correspond to temperature, moisture, substrate, or vegetative parameters. An important question that remains is to determine the relative importance of physiological specialization vs. interspecific interactions leading to habitat specialization. Genetic Structure: Despite a number of studies on desert rodent systeniatics, little is known of the genetic structure of desert rodent populations. Behavioral, demographic, indirect genetic, and direct genetic evidence can be used to detect deviations from panmixia. Although desert rodents have been the subject of hundreds of studies on a number of levels (e.g., physiology, behavior, population ecology, community ecology, and systematics), it is not yet feasible to make general conclusions as to the relative importance of various factors in determining the abundance, distribution, and genetic structure of populations of desert rodents. This article is designed to help remedy this problem. We consider the possible importance of each of a number of factors, reviewing the relevant literature to determine what is known at present, then suggesting ways in which the gaps in our knowledge can be filled. With few exceptions, we have limited our treatment to the nocturnal rodents that inhabit the deserts of North America. In addition, much of our treatment concerns rodents of the family Heteromyidae, a bias that results in large part from the greater amount of work done on that group relative to other
Free Vibration Analysis of Stiffened Laminated Plates Using a New Stiffened Element

A new 9-noded rectangular stiffened plate element for the vibration analysis of laminated stiffened plates based on Mindlin’s deformation plate theory has been developed. The stiffened plate element is a combination of basic rectangular element and beam bending component. The stiffened plate element has been developed to include the effects of transverse shear. The element can accommodate any number of arbitrarily oriented stiffeners and obviates the use of mesh lines along the stiffeners. Free vibration analyses of stiffened laminated plates have been carried out with this element and the results are compared with those published. The finite element results show very good matching with the experimental ones.
Piezoaeroelastic Modeling and Analysis of a Generator Wing with Continuous and Segmented Electrodes

Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and micro air vehicles (MAVs) constitute unique application platforms for vibration-based energy harvesting. Generating usable electrical energy during their mission has the important practical value of providing an additional energy source to run small electronic components. Electrical energy can be harvested from aeroelastic vibrations of lifting surfaces of UAVs and MAVs as they tend to have relatively flexible wings compared to their larger counterparts. In this work, an electromechanically coupled finite element model is combined with an unsteady aerodynamic model to develop a piezoaeroelastic model for airflow excitation of cantilevered plates representing wing-like structures. The electrical power output and the displacement of the wing tip are investigated for several airflow speeds and two different electrode configurations (continuous and segmented). Cancelation of electrical output occurs for typical coupled bending-torsion aeroelastic modes of a cantilevered generator wing when continuous electrodes are used. Torsional motions of the coupled modes become relatively significant when segmented electrodes are used, improving the broadband performance and altering the flutter speed. Although the focus is placed on the electrical power that can be harvested for a given airflow speed, shunt damping effect of piezoelectric power generation is also investigated for both electrode configurations.
Spatial and temporal patterns in the aquatic insect community of a high altitude Andean stream (Mendoza, Argentina)

Benthic invertebrate communities have been poorly studied in Andean streams apart from the Patagonian region. The primary objective of this work was to analyse the faunal composition at three different altitudes and to observe whether there were differences in aquatic insect community structure at spatial and temporal scales. Physicochemical variables were measured on a monthly basis. Sixteen families were found, the most frequent and abundant taxa being Massartellopsis (Ephemeroptera), Andesiops (Ephemeroptera), Metrichia neotropicalis (Trichoptera), Cailloma lucidula (Trichoptera), Austrelmis (Coleoptera), and the Chironomidae (Diptera). There was a change in benthic composition associated with land use and with the diminution of water quality from the headwaters to the mouth of the system. The middle reach was a transitional area where headwater species coexisted with species characteristic of the lower reach, with Austrelmis and the family Chironomidae being the most abundant elements.
Facilitated transport of germanium from acidic medium through supported liquid membrane using Cyanex 301 as mobile carrier

In this research, a flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) system was used to transfer germanium from the acidic medium. The poly-tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) membrane filter with the hydrophobic nature and Cyanex 301 were selected as the support and the mobile carrier, respectively. The influence of various parameters being pH of the feed solution (1.5-5), germanium concentration (1040 mg/dm3), carrier concentration in the solid membrane (10-40 vol%), and sulfuric acid concentration of the receiving phase (100-400 g/dm3) was investigated on the transport of germanium. Under the optimum condition being pH of 1.5, the germanium concentration of 40 mg/dm3, the carrier concentration of 1.18 mol/dm3, and the sulfuric acid concentration of 400 g/dm3, a mass transfer model was developed. Based on this model, the transport mechanism, diffusion of species to the feedmembrane interface, the chemical reaction of species and Cyanex 301, and diffusion of germaniumCyanex 301 complexes across SLM were explained. According to the obtained model, the values of 6.57 and 738.6 s/cm were achieved for the aqueous and organic diffusion resistances, respectively.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYZE OF THE FIRST METATARSAL VERTICAL ARCH OF THE FOOT IN THE HIGH-HEELED GAIT

A two-dimensional numerical model of the foot, incorporating, for the first time in the literature, realistic geometric and material properties of both skeletal and soft tissue components of the foot, was developed for biomechanical analysis of its structural behavior during gait. Using a Finite Element solver, the stress distribution within the first metatarsal vertical: arch of the foot (FMVA) structure was obtained and regions of elevated stresses for three subphases of the stance (heel-strike, push-off, and toe-off) were located. Validation of the pressure state was achieved by comparing model predictions of contact pressure distribution with Novel Pedar. The presently developed measurement and numerical analysis tools open new approaches for clinical applications, from simulation of the development mechanisms of common foot disorders to pre-and post-interventional evaluation of their treatment.