Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farmers climate change adaptation options and their determinants in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

Exploring micro-level evidences is critical to fine tune effective adaptation options to cope with the adverse impact of climate change. In this regard, detailed studies on climate change adaptation options are not available in the study areas. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess farmers’ climate change adaptation options and determinant factors that influence their choice. Data were collected from 253 respondents randomly using probability proportional to the sizes (PPS) of the population of each district and peasant association from which sample households to be drawn. Descriptive statistics were employed to assess adaptation options while the multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing households’ choices. The results revealed that farmers use change in crop type /variety, soil and water conservation practices, crop diversification, change in planting date and irrigation practices as climate change adaptation options. Educational level of the household head, age of the household head, sex of the household head, farm income, access to extension service, access to credit, access to climate information and agro-ecological settings were the most important determinant factors that affect significantly the choice of farmers to climate change adaptations. Therefore, an effort that enhances farmers’ awareness to climate change and creates the capacity to adopt climate resilient options is an important strategy that should be considered by a variety of societal groups, including policy makers, and farmers support organizations.
PURCHASE INTENTIONS AT EIGHT NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES IN BEIJING , CHINA

This research investigates the factors that have a relationship with online purchase intentions. This article focuses on online purchase intention among students at eight universities in Beijing, China. The One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for analyzing the hypotheses in this study. All the factors (variables) considered in this research, namely, perceived price, perceived ease of use, website quality, website brand, and customer value and trust have positive relationships and were found to have an important effect on purchase intention. Several recommendations were made with a view to increase the number of omline shopping customers.
Measurement of iron, magnesium and chromium concentrations in the saliva of the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

Introduction: Stainless steel alloy used in orthodontics has elements such as iron - magnesium and chromium, which may be released due to corrosion in the mouth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of these elements in the saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: In a clinical study with simple non-random sampling, 1ml saliva of 11 patients (7 females and 4 males) who needed fixed orthodontic treatment and had no restorations or crowns were collected. During the fixed orthodontic treatment at successive times (a day, a week, a month, two months and six months), 1 ml of saliva was collected and evaluated for the amount of iron (spectrophotometry), chromium (atomic absorption), and magnesium (spectrophotometry). Bracket, band and wire used in all patients were stainless steel alloy and were manufactured by Dentaurum Company. After sample collection, the data analysis was performed with "Azeri-5" and "10 SPSS" software and repeated measures test. Results: The mean concentration of iron 66.326±0.541, chromium 0.483±0.324 and magnesium 0.552±293 decreased during the study but these results were not statisticaly significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Iron, chromium and magnesium concentration do not exceed the standard limits in saliva during orthodontic treatment.
Value creation of hedge fund activism and the impact on long term returns and volatility of the target company

This study provides new evidence on value creation ability of hedge fund activism and its effects on target firm’s riskiness and long-term returns. With the data-set from SEC Edgar 13D filings 215 events were identified and tested about the common beliefs that hedge fund activism increases the mediumand long term volatility of the target and adversely affects target company’s long term returns. The findings suggest that neither belief is supported by the data. In fact, targets are able to maintain the abnormal returns in the long term as well, which indicate about the value creation ability of hedge fund activists. The results are mainly consistent with existing literature but also offer some new evidence about negative correlation between target firms’ returns and the value premium after the activist intervention. Finance Bachelor’s thesis Autumn 2016
Flutter analysis of supersonic wing with external stores

One of the most dangerous aeroelastic failure phenomenon is flutter. The flutter characteristic is different for each type of aircraft depends on the wing geometry and its operational region of subsonic, transonic or supersonic. Prior to performing flight flutter test, extensive numerical simulations and Ground Vibration Test should be conducted where the structural finite element modes and the experimentation results should be matched otherwise the numerical simulation model could be rejected. In the present paper, the simulation of supersonic wing equipped with external loads of missiles on the wing had been analyzed at high supersonic region. The structural mode shapes at each generated frequency mode are also visually presented. The analysis is carried out using FEM software of MSC Nastran. The wing flutter with the external stores had been simulated at different altitudes. The result shows that the flutter velocity is sensitive to the flight altitude. For this reason, the flutter analysis is conducted also for a negative altitude. The negative altitude is obtained by considering the constant equivalent speed-Mach number rule at flutter speed boundary as a requirement in standard regulation of transport aircraft.
Population trends of some northeastern North American Landbirds : a half-century of data

we analyzed population trends of 26 species of North American migratory landbirds using 53 years of spring migration count data collected in eastern Massachusetts from 1937 to 1989, inclusive. These data span twice the time period of most landbird monitoring data sets, allowing us to examine how accurately trends based on shorter-term investigations of population trends represent longer ones. We found that 18 species (64%) have declined significantly, three species (12%) have increased significantly, and five species (19%) have shown no trend over this time period. Using the most recent ten years of our data, the trend matched that of the full 53-year data set for 10 species (38%). Using the most recent 20 years of data, the number of matching trends increased to 18 (69%). Using a 30-year subset of data did not improve the percentage of matching trends and showed a greater number of non-significant trends than did analysis of the most recent 20-year subset of data. This pattern resulted because many species appeared to be at low population levels in the 1950s and early 1960s before the time when most current avian censuses and surveys began. Our results indicate that many species are in fact declining, but that declines in the past 20 years might be partly a result of normal, shorter-term population fluctuations.
Labour migration flows: EU8+2 vs EU-15

The aim of this paper is to determine whether, and to what extent, the migrations from the EU-8+2 to the EU-15 were motivated by differences in earnings and productivity and to what extent by differences in welfare state generosity during the period of the transitional arrangements. On these grounds, a distinction emerges between "favourable" and "unfavourable" migrations on one hand and immigration net winners and losers on the other hand. The obtained results represent an empirical ground for the discussion on the thesis according to which more generous welfare state regimes will be more susceptible to the influx of unfavourable immigrants during the upcoming period of the free movement of labour, while the less generous welfare state regimes will be a magnet for the favourable immigration influx within the EU-27.
Prediction of Nasolabial Distance using Thumbprint Ridge Density among the Hausa Population of Nigeria

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the potentials of thumbprint ridge count in the prediction of nasolabial facial distances among the Hausa population of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which a total of 457 subjects participated. Plain fingerprints were captured using a fingerprint scanner. Three areas, ulnar, radial and proximal were defined for determination of ridge counts. A photographic method was used to capture the facial images. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to measure the linear dependence between thumbprint ridge density and Nasolabial distances. Stepwise linear multiple regression analysis was used to predict nasolabial distances from thumbprint ridge density. SPSS statistical software version 20 was used for the statistical analysis and a p -value of < 0.05 was set as a level of significance. Results: Results showed that in males left proximal ridge count correlates negatively with nasal length, philtrum length, and upper lip length and mouth width. The upper lip length and nasal width correlate negatively with left ulnar ridge count and right radial ridge counts, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between ulnar ridge count with nasal length and lower vermilion width. In females, appositive correlation was observed only between lower vermilion width and left proximal ridge counts. Left proximal ridge counts predict most of the nasolabial distances in males. In females, only the left proximal ridge counts showed potential in the prediction of facial distances. Conclusion: The study concluded that the thumbprint correlates with facial distances of the nasolabial region. The proximal part of the thumbprint may respond to the same instruction in utero with the lower part of the face, hence leading to the prediction of nasolabial facial distances from the proximal ridge counts among the Hausa population of Nigeria.
Physicochemical Properties of Malaysian Commercial Chicken Sausages

Sausage is becoming more popular to the Malaysian consumers. A study on quality characteristics for chicken sausages marketed in Malaysia was conducted to gauge the trend of marketed sausages today. A total of ten samples of chicken sausages from different brands were analyzed to determine the proximate composition, calcium and sodium contents, colour, folding test and textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and shear force). The moisture, protein, fat and ash contents for chicken sausages were significantly different, in the range of 56.48-68.85%, 7.03-14.14%, 4.91- 18.48% and 2.17-3.30%, respectively. The range of carbohydrate content was 6.69-21.59%. The calcium and sodium contents were varied in chicken sausages. The lightness value (L*) of sausage was significantly different among the samples in the range of 44.42-65.54. All chicken sausages samples tested in this study show good gel strength with their folding test at more than 4.0. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and shear force ranged between 3.84-7.25 kg, 12.79-15.65 mm, 0.25-0.41 ratio, 1.28-2.58 kg, 16.81-33.01 kg.mm and 0.58-1.95 kg, respectively. The results of this analysis showed that sausages produced by different manufacturers will varied significantly in quality and physicochemical properties.
SCREENING OF SOME SUGARCANE GENOTYPES FOR GUR*QUALITY

A field study to screen five sugarcane genotypes viz; HSF-242, S97-US-127, S97-US-102, S97-US-161 and HSF-240 as standard for their gur quality was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute Faisalabad during the cropping season 2002-03. Different qualitative parameters of gur including mineral matters%, color, moisture%, net rendements%, acidity, pol% and reducing sugars% were examined. Methods described in Gur Monograph (1951) were followed during experiment. The gur so prepared was stored in gunny bags for a period of ninety days while the analysis of freshly prepared and ninety days old gur was made. The results showed that genotype S97-US-161 produced gur with highest net rendements % and pol% before and after storage. Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to mineral matters%, color, acidity and reducing sugars% while non-significant differences for moisture%, net rendements% and pol% were reported.
Mouth Morphometry and Architecture of Freshwater Cat Fish Mystus vittatus Bloch (1974) (Siluriformes, Bagridae) in Relation to its Feeding Habit

Mouth morphology and architecture of a freshwater cat fish Mystus vittatus was studied in relation to its food and feeding habits. The fish has small mouth and predates mainly on small sized preys. It possesses terminal mouth, equipped with villiform teeth on both lower and upper jaw. Lower jaw also bears molariform teeth in addition to villiforms teeth to grasp and prevent the escape of prey. Lack of papilliform teeth and prominent microridges suggest its plankton feeding habits and poor test sensation on captured preys. Keywords : Dentition; Carnivorous; Molariform; Villiform © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1. 16369 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 169-174 (2014) Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Added Value of Dialogic Parent–Child Book Readings: A Meta-Analysis

Book reading has been demonstrated to promote vocabulary. The current study was conducted to examine the added value of an interactive shared book reading format that emphasizes active as opposed to noninteractive participation by the child. Studies that included a dialogic reading intervention group and a reading-as-usual control group, and that reported vocabulary as an outcome measure were located. After extracting relevant data from 16 eligible studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to attain an overall mean effect size reflecting the success of dialogic reading in increasing children's vocabulary compared to typical shared reading. When focusing on measures of expressive vocabulary in particular (k = 9, n = 322), Cohen's d was . 59 (SE = .08; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.75; p < .001), which is a moderate effect size. However, the effect size reduced substantially when children were older (4 to 5 years old) or when they were at risk for language and literacy impairments. Dialogic reading can change the home literacy activities of families with 2- to 3-year-old children but not those of families with children at greatest risk for school failure. Preparation of this manuscript was supported by a grant (#411-02-506) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) to Adriana G. Bus.
A new highly diverse palynoflora from the Lower Devonian Nogueras Formation of the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract A new well-preserved spore assemblage has been discovered from the Lower Devonian Nogueras Formation of Mezquita de Loscos (Teruel Province, north-eastern Spain). The palynoflora includes 34 spore species belonging to 20 genera, among which 14 are new for the locality, e.g. Apiculiretusispora, Brochotriletes, Cirratriradites, Iberoespora, Knoxisporites and Verrucosisporites. The assemblage is mainly composed of trilete spores, while tripapillate and monolete forms are also observed. An early Pragian age is suggested for the fossil site. Specimens of Latosporites ovalis, a species previously well-documented only from the late Pragian–Emsian of Saudi Arabia and Brazil, are found in this assemblage and represent to date the earliest known occurrence of this species. Besides the description of the palynoflora, we also provide here a synthesis of the plant-bearing localities of the study area.
The EO-as-Experimentation perspective: the examination of the entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance/survival relationship

The implications of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on firm performance have been extensively examined in the literature. However, limited attention has been given to the wide range of performance implications EO may have on shareholder value and financial performance; and the risk of failure created by EO. Instead, current studies have relied on short-term measures of firm performance and focused on a sample of active firms, revealing only the advantageous effects of EO on a firm’s performance as a consequence. This research aims to advance research on EO by examining the effects of EO on firm performance and survival on a separate sample of active and inactive firms in a longitudinal timeframe from the pre-financial crisis period to the post-crisis period. The research aims to reveal new insights into the EO–performance relationship by utilising the EO-as-experimentation perspective.
The development and treatment of impulsivity

Impulsivity is a common factor in many mental disorders, including ADHD, drug addiction, aggressive and self-harm behaviors and childhood obesity. Impulsivity is also a risk factor for treatment dropout. This article aims to present the biological, sociological, and developmental roots of impulsivity and, also, common treatments for extreme impulsivity. We include recent work in the areas of neurodevelopment and emotional regulation.
On the existence of Alfvén waves in the terrestrial foreshock

Abstract. The terrestrial foreshock is characterised by the existence of large amplitude ultra low frequency waves. The majority of such waves are observed to be left-handed in the spacecraft frame, but are in fact intrinsically right-handed and have been identified as fast-magnetosonic waves. More rarely observed are waves that are right-handed in the spacecraft frame. Cluster four spacecraft observations of such waves are presented and analysed using multi-spacecraft techniques; in particular the k-filtering/wave telescope technique is used. The waves are found to be left-handed and propagating sunwards in the plasma rest frame, and are, therefore, identified as Alfvenic. The convection of the waves anti-sunward in the solar wind flow causes the observed polarisation to be reversed. Generation mechanisms are discussed. Key words. Interplanetary physics (MHD waves and turbulence; planetary bow shocks) – Space plasma physics (wave particle interactions)
Contamination from the environment as a source of bottled water off-odour: a case study

Hanková, M. , Kružík, V. , Čížková, H. , 2018: Contamination from the environment as a source of bottled water off-odour: a case study. Kvasny Prum. 64(4): 185–188 The aim of this work is to devise a methodology and identify the cause of off-odour in bottled water. For initial screening, sensory analysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and olfactometric detector were used. Selected compounds were then analyzed and quantified by selective ion monitoring. 2,4-decadienal, a fatty acid oxidation product, was identified as the source of off-odour. It is produced during frying and it can diffuse through the packaging material into the product. Its concentration in three analyzed samples ranged from <0.15 μg/l to 3.1 μg/l. Since its detection threshold is 1 μg/l, improper storage conditions can decrease the sensory quality of bottled water.
The Effects of Goodwill Accounting on Informativeness of Earnings:Evidence from Earnings Persistence and Earnings’ Ability to Predict Future Cash Flows

This paper examines the effect of SFAS No. 142 on the informativeness of earnings with two dimensions: (1) the ability of earnings to predict future operating cash flows and (2) earnings persistence. Contrary to the pervasive evidence of opportunistic reporting, we find evidence that the ability of earnings to predict future operating cash flows and earnings persistence has improved after the enactment of SFAS No. 142. In particular, this improvement is observed on firms with the highest level of discretionary accruals. Overall, the results of this paper contribute to the understanding of the effect of mandatory accounting changes on the properties of earnings and its interaction with managerial discretion.
DEEP SILICATE ABSORPTION FEATURES IN COMPTON-THICK ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI PREDOMINANTLY ARISE DUE TO DUST IN THE HOST GALAXY

We explore the origin of mid-infrared (mid-IR) dust extinction in all 20 nearby (z < 0.05) bona fide Compton-thick (NH > 1.5 × 1024 cm−2) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with hard energy (E > 10 keV) X-ray spectral measurements. We accurately measure the silicate absorption features at λ ∼ 9.7 μm in archival low-resolution (R ∼ 57–127) Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectroscopy, and show that only a minority (≈45%) of nearby Compton-thick AGNs have strong Si-absorption features (S9.7 = ln (fint/fobs) ≳ 0.5) which would indicate significant dust attenuation. The majority (≈60%) are star formation dominated (AGN:SB < 0.5) at mid-IR wavelengths and lack the spectral signatures of AGN activity at optical wavelengths, most likely because the AGN emission lines are optically extinguished. Those Compton-thick AGNs hosted in low-inclination-angle galaxies exhibit a narrow range in Si-absorption (S9.7 ∼ 0–0.3), which is consistent with that predicted by clumpy-torus models. However, on the basis of the IR spectra and additional lines of evidence, we conclude that the dominant contribution to the observed mid-IR dust extinction is dust located in the host galaxy (i.e., due to disturbed morphologies, dust lanes, galaxy inclination angles) and not necessarily a compact obscuring torus surrounding the central engine.
Deterministic Chaos of N Stochastic Waves in Two Dimensions

Kinematic exponential Fourier (KEF) structures, dynamic exponential (DEF) Fourier structures, and KEF-DEF structures with time-dependent structural coefficients are developed to examine kinematic and dynamic problems for a deterministic chaos of N stochastic waves in the two-dimensional theory of the Newtonian flows with harmonic velocity. The Dirichlet problems are formulated for kinematic and dynamics systems of the vorticity, continuity, Helmholtz, Lamb-Helmholtz, and Bernoulli equations in the upper and lower domains for stochastic waves vanishing at infinity. Development of the novel method of solving partial differential equations through decomposition in invariant structures is resumed by using experimental and theoretical computation in Maple? This computational method generalizes the analytical methods of separation of variables and undetermined coefficients. Exact solutions for the deterministic chaos of upper and lower cumulative flows are revealed by experimental computing, proved by theoretical computing, and justified by the system of Navier-Stokes PDEs. Various scenarios of a developed wave chaos are modeled by 3N parameters and 2N boundary functions, which exhibit stochastic behavior.
Simulation for safety engineering: A comparison between experimental data and fire models

A comparison analysis has been conducted between experimental data of a concrete structure and three different models developed with CFAST, by NIST. This work concentrates on the possibility of modeling simplified fire objects. Full-scale experiments are simulated by two-layers zone models. Through a reverse approach on heat release rate estimation, a comparison between different models is reported analyzing time to flash over, maximum temperature, shape of the time-temperature curve. The possible use of these models as an engineering design tool is carried out. Results show that different ventilations lead to an uncertain time-temperature response. The benefits that should come from decomposition of fire load into many fire objects is counterbalanced by reduced accuracy due to increased model complexity and interactions between fire plumes.