Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Employment and Earnings Patterns of Welfare Recipients: The Role of the Local Labor Market

Many Western countries have introduced welfare reforms that limit public assistance for the long-term unemployed and that spur rapid movement into the labor market. The work-first nature of these new policies means that the success of welfare recipients depends greatly on demand-side constraints, more particularly on local labor market conditions. Based on longitudinal administrative data of all single mothers who received cash benefits when the Israeli welfare reform was implemented (N = 45,000), this study focuses on the role of the local labor market in explaining single mothers’ long-term employment and earnings patterns. The results indicate notable diversity in employment and earnings patterns. Some mothers showed stable or improved attachment to the labor force, while others showed a much less stable pattern and about a quarter had a very weak attachment to paid employment. Local labor market conditions and their change over time play an important part in explaining these various patterns.
Preschoolers’ Emotion Expression and Regulation: Relations with School Adjustment

ABSTRACT Children's expression and regulation of emotions are building blocks of their experiences in classrooms. Thus, the authors’ primary goal was to investigate whether preschoolers’ expression or ability to regulate emotions were associated with teachers’ ratings of school adjustment. A secondary goal was to investigate how boys and girls differed across these associations. Children's social-emotional behaviors in Head Start and private childcare center classrooms were observed, and using a series of measures, teachers’ ratings of children's social competence, attitudes toward school, positive teacher relationships, and cooperative participation were collected. Three factors of children's school adjustment were extracted from these indicators. A series of hierarchical regressions revealed that emotion expression and regulation were indeed associated with children's reported school adjustment, with the strongest associations stemming from children's negative emotion expression and their emotion dysregulation. Many of these associations were also different for boys and girls. The results corroborate and extend the authors’ earlier findings, and have implications for social-emotional programming to maximize children's early school success.
Integration of Spatial–Spectral Information for Resolution Enhancement in Hyperspectral Images

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for resolution enhancement in hyperspectral images (HSIs). The key techniques are included: spectral unmixing and superresolution mapping, by which spatial and spectral information of HSIs is substantially fused. The proposed algorithm first represents each pixel in scene as a linear combination of landcover spectra and noise. Then, a fully constrained least squares algorithm is used to obtain the proportion of each landcover in each pixel, i.e., abundance, subjecting to two constraints: nonnegativity and sum-to-one. After that, superresolution mapping is performed on high-resolution grids according to spectral unmixing abundances of each landcover and following spatial correlation of clutters. Thus, by reasonably integrating spatial and spectral information of landcovers in HSIs, the proposed algorithm realizes resolution enhancement of the HSIs based on a back-propagation neural network. The proposed algorithm is independent from the a priori information associated with original HSIs, i.e., a main merit of the algorithm. In order to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm, numerical experiments are conducted on both simulated images and real HSIs collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer. The proposed algorithm is compared with the traditional method in the experiments. The experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm effectively enhances the resolution of HSIs and indicate its applicability.
Molecular Pathways: Targeting CD96 and TIGIT for Cancer Immunotherapy

The receptors CD96 and TIGIT are expressed on the surface of T and natural killer (NK) cells, and recent studies suggest both play important inhibitory roles in immune function. CD96 has been shown to modulate immune cell activity in mice, with Cd96−/− mice displaying hypersensitive NK-cell responses to immune challenge and significant tumor resistance. TIGIT overexpression has been shown to reduce NK-cell–mediated cytotoxicity. TIGIT is also upregulated on T cells during cancer and chronic viral infection, with expression associated with effector T-cell exhaustion and increased regulatory T-cell suppression. The counterbalance between the putative inhibitory CD96 and TIGIT receptors and the activating receptor, CD226, offers unique strategies for immuno-oncology drug development. Blocking CD96 or TIGIT with mAbs has been shown to improve tumor control in mice, in particular when used in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. These results have highlighted these pathways as promising new targets for immune modulation. This review will examine the rationale behind targeting CD96 and TIGIT, and discuss the potential approaches in translating these preclinical findings into novel clinical agents. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5183–8. ©2016 AACR.
Predictors of adherence to influenza vaccination for healthcare workers from a teaching hospital: a study in the prepandemic era.

INTRODUCTION Even before the 2009 pandemics, influenza in healthcare workers (HCW) was a known threat to patient safety, while Influenza vaccine coverage in the same group was generally low. Identification of predictors for HCW adherence to Influenza vaccination has challenged infection control committees. METHODS Our group conducted a cross-sectional survey in December 2007, interviewing 125 HCWs from a teaching hospital to identify adherence predictors for Influenza vaccination. The outcomes of interest were: A - adherence to the 2007 vaccination campaign; B - adherence to at least three yearly campaigns in the past five years. Demographic and professional data were assessed through univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of the HCWs interviewed, 43.2% were vaccinated against Influenza in 2007. However, only 34.3% of HCWs working in healthcare for more than five years had adhered to at least three of the last five vaccination campaigns. Multivariate analysis showed that working in a pediatric unit (OR = 7.35, 95%CI = 1.90-28.44, p = 0.004) and number of years in the job (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.00-1.74, p = 0.049) were significant predictors of adherence to the 2007 campaign. Physicians returned the worst outcome performances in A (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.16-0.97, p = 0.04) and B (OR = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.05-0.60, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Strategies to improve adherence to Influenza vaccination should focus on physicians and newly-recruited HCWs. New studies are required to assess the impact of the recent Influenza A pandemics on HCW-directed immunization policies.
How Viable Is the UTAUT Model in a Non-Western Context?

The present research examines the plausibility of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model in predicting internet banking behaviour as a newly adopted technology in third world countries. Data is collected from three Arab countries: Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to test the hypothesized structural model. Findings are congruent with model testing under conditions of volitional usage behaviour. In this regard, the role of facilitating conditions variable is insignificant as a determinant of usage behaviour. Social norms variable also proved to be weak determinant of behavioural intentions. Findings demonstrate effort expectancy as the key determinant of internet banking usage behaviour in the examined markets, while users’ experience moderates the impact of effort expectancy on behavioural intention. Results should enhance our understanding of internet banking usage in developing countries and support e-services promoting in this region.
Identification of a Chlorobenzene Reductive Dehalogenase in Dehalococcoides sp. Strain CBDB1

ABSTRACT A chlorobenzene reductive dehalogenase of the anaerobic dehalorespiring bacterium Dehalococcoides sp. strain CBDB1 was identified. Due to poor biomass yields, standard protein isolation procedures were not applicable. Therefore, cell extracts from cultures grown on trichlorobenzenes were separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed directly for chlorobenzene reductive dehalogenase activity within gel fragments. Activity was found in a single band, even though electrophoretic separation was performed under aerobic conditions. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and nano-liquid chromatography-MALDI MS analysis of silver-stained replicas of the active band on native polyacrylamide gels identified a protein product of the cbdbA84 gene, now called cbrA. The cbdbA84 gene is one of 32 reductive dehalogenase homologous genes present in the genome of strain CBDB1. The chlorobenzene reductive dehalogenase identified in our study represents a member of the family of corrinoid/iron-sulfur cluster-containing reductive dehalogenases. No orthologs of cbdbA84 were found in the completely sequenced genomes of Dehalococcoides sp. strains 195 and BAV1 nor among the genes amplified from Dehalococcoides sp. strain FL2 or mixed cultures containing Dehalococcoides. Another dehalogenase homologue (cbdbA80) was expressed in cultures that contained 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, but its role is unclear. Other highly expressed proteins identified with our approach included the major subunit of a protein annotated as formate dehydrogenase, transporter subunits, and a putative S-layer protein.
Early Ductal Decompression Versus Conservative Management for Gallstone Pancreatitis With Ampullary Obstruction: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective:To compare the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ± endoscopic sphincterotomy (ERCP ± ES) versus traditional conservative management in early gallstone pancreatitis with persistent ampullary obstruction (GSP + AO). Summary Background Data:The effectiveness of early ERCP ± ES in this setting is controversial. Methods:Sixty-one consecutive patients with GSP + AO within 48 hours from the onset of symptoms were randomized to receive either conservative treatment and selective ERCP ± ES after 48 hours (control group, 31 patients) or initial conservative treatment and systematic ERCP ± ES within 48 hours if obstruction persisted 24 hours or longer (study group, 30 patients). Patient outcome was compared in relation to treatment groups and to duration of obstruction. Results:In the control group, 22 patients disobstructed spontaneously within 48 hours; 3 of the remaining 9 patients underwent ERCP ± ES and none had impacted stones. In the study group, 16 patients disobstructed spontaneously and 14 underwent ERCP within 48 hours from the onset of symptoms; impacted stones were found and extracted by ES in 79% (11 of 14) of these. Patients:There were no deaths in either group. Patients in the study group showed a shorter period of obstruction (P = 0.016) and a lower rate of immediate complications (P = 0.026) than controls. Patients with obstruction lasting ≤48 hours regardless of the treatment group had fewer immediate complications than those whose obstruction persisted longer (P < 0.001). Conclusions:This study shows that in patients with GSP + AO limiting the duration of obstruction to not longer than 48 hours by ERCP + ES decreased morbidity.
Incidence of Perforation and Other Mechanical Complications During Dual Active Fixation

The intraoperative and early postoperative mechanical complications of a procedure combining an atrial screw‐in lead and a ventricular screw‐in lead insertion were prospectively evaluated. The procedure was performed in 119 consecutive patients (mean age 69 ± 8 years), at first implant in 100 patients and at reoperation in 19. Nine patients had previously undergone cardiac surgery and three underwent transvenous ventricular defibrillator implantation. The double sets of leads were introduced through 2 separate veins in 5 cases, through a single venous route in 114 cases, using a percutaneous approach in 75 cases and a venous cutdown in 49, and a guidewire procedure following the venotomy in 19. The screw was mannitol coated in 102 cases, exposed in 111, and extendable/retractable in 25. The fixation of the ventricular lead was performed at the apex in 108 cases, at the outflow tract in 11, and was followed by the fixation of the atrial lead at the appendage in 112 cases and at the lateral wall in 7 cases. The lead positioning and fixation were successful at first attempt in 103 cases and after repeated lead manipulation in 19 cases. The rotational torque could be transferred to the helix in all cases except in one patient who required a second vein puncture. Unintentional fixation in the ventricular chamber with subsequent failure to remove the lead occurred in one patient. Reoperation for lead dislodgment was required in two patients. In one patient, symptomatic pericarditis with pericardial effusion was observed 1 day after the procedure and resolved spontaneously. Dual active fixation is feasible with a low incidence of mechanical complications.
Tumor-derived exosomes in ovarian cancer – liquid biopsies for early detection and real-time monitoring of cancer progression

Ovarian cancer usually has a poor prognosis because it predominantly presents as high stage disease. New approaches are required to develop more effective early detection strategies and real-time treatment response monitoring. Nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes) may provide an approach to enrich tumor biomarker detection and address this clinical need. Exosomes are membranous extracellular vesicles of approximately 100 nm in diameter that have potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery tools for ovarian cancer. Exosomal content (proteins and miRNA) is often parent cell specific thus providing an insight or “fingerprint” of the intracellular environment. Furthermore, exosomes can aid cell-cell communication and have the ability to modify target cells by transferring their content. Additionally, via the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods in circulation, exosomes have potential as natural drug agents. This review examines the potential role of exosomes in diagnosis, drug delivery and real-time monitoring in ovarian cancer.
Neck Mobility in Different Headache Disorders

The main purpose of this study was to assess neck mobility (by Cybex equipment) in different headache disordered and, in particular, cervicogenic headache, and to compare; these findings with those in controls. A total of 51 control subjects and 90 headache patients were investigated, whereof 28 patients suffered from common migraine (migraine without aura), 34 from tension‐type headache (H episodic and 25 chronic), and 28 patients from cervicogenic headache. One‐way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni analysis showed significant differences between those with cervicogenic headache and the other groups for rotation ( P <0.001) and flexion/extension ( P <0.001), but not for lateral neck movement ( P =NS). There were no significant differences between migraine patients, tension‐type headache patients, and controls. In all four groups, there was a significant positive correlation between active and passive neck movement for rotation ( P <0.001), flexion/extension ( P <0.001), and lateral neck movement ( P <0.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant day‐to‐day differences in 10 control subjects. In the control group (n=51), there was a significant negative correlation between age and neck movement. For rotation. Pearson's correlation coefficient was: r =‐0.71 ( P <0.001), for flexion/extension r =‐0.71 ( P <0.001), and for lateral neck movement r =‐0.67 ( P <0.001). No significant sex difference was found as for any of the neck movements. Pain at the time of investigation did not seem to influence neck mobility. Cervicogenic headache has been recognized as a pair syndrome by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). Since reduced neck mobility is one of the major criteria for this diagnosis, it emphasizes the need for systematic, objective neck mobility measurements in the individual patient to substantiate the diagnosis. The technique is simple and proved reliable.
The price of pruritus: sleep disturbance and cosleeping in atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disorder that most often begins in infancy. Sleep disturbances in children with atopic dermatitis are likely due to itching and scratching and not only impact the afflicted child but may also affect the entire family. Sleep characteristics in young children with atopic dermatitis and their families have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sleep disturbance and cosleeping in young children with atopic dermatitis and evaluate the association between sleep characteristics and features of the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS Parents of 300 children ranging in age from birth to 6 years with atopic dermatitis responded to 4 questions about sleep characteristics of their child and family. Analyses determined the prevalence of reported sleep disturbance and cosleeping, and their association with features of the patients and disease severity. RESULTS Sleep disturbance attributed to atopic dermatitis was common; most parents (> 60%) reported that the dermatitis affected how well they or their child slept. Cosleeping because of the skin condition was reported by 30% of families, and most of these parents (66%) were bothered by the cosleeping. Sleep disturbance and cosleeping were directly associated with severity of atopic dermatitis and with the degree to which parents reported that the atopic dermatitis affected the child and family's happiness. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances were more common in children with atopic dermatitis than have been reported in children overall. These results demonstrate important sequelae of a very common childhood condition that warrant further investigation and the development of intervention strategies.
Memory Meets Control in Hippocampal and Striatal Binding of Stimuli, Responses, and Attentional Control States

The human brain encodes experience in an integrative fashion by binding together the various features of an event (i.e., stimuli and responses) into memory “event files. ” A subsequent reoccurrence of an event feature can then cue the retrieval of the memory file to “prime” cognition and action. Intriguingly, recent behavioral studies indicate that, in addition to linking concrete stimulus and response features, event coding may also incorporate more abstract, “internal” event features such as attentional control states. In the present study, we used fMRI in healthy human volunteers to determine the neural mechanisms supporting this type of holistic event binding. Specifically, we combined fMRI with a task protocol that dissociated the expression of event feature-binding effects pertaining to concrete stimulus and response features, stimulus categories, and attentional control demands. Using multivariate neural pattern classification, we show that the hippocampus and putamen integrate event attributes across all of these levels in conjunction with other regions representing concrete-feature-selective (primarily visual cortex), category-selective (posterior frontal cortex), and control demand-selective (insula, caudate, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortex) event information. Together, these results suggest that the hippocampus and putamen are involved in binding together holistic event memories that link physical stimulus and response characteristics with internal representations of stimulus categories and attentional control states. These bindings then presumably afford shortcuts to adaptive information processing and response selection in the face of recurring events. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Memory binds together the different features of our experience, such as an observed stimulus and concurrent motor responses, into so-called event files. Recent behavioral studies suggest that the observer's internal attentional state might also become integrated into the event memory. Here, we used fMRI to determine the brain areas responsible for binding together event information pertaining to concrete stimulus and response features, stimulus categories, and internal attentional control states. We found that neural signals in the hippocampus and putamen contained information about all of these event attributes and could predict behavioral priming effects stemming from these features. Therefore, medial temporal lobe and dorsal striatum structures appear to be involved in binding internal control states to event memories.
Facing the Indigenous ‘Other’: Culturally Responsive Research and Pedagogy in Music Education

This narrative article is based on an analysis of 61 documents, mostly articles, of which 37 were peer-reviewed, including research studies, reviews, conceptual research and narratives of practice. Review findings are reported with specific reference to the Australian and New Zealand contexts in relation to the following topic categories: the presence of indigenous music in the curriculums of selected ‘new world’ countries, teacher education in indigenous performing arts, questions of curriculum design and programming, resource selection, activity design, and school and community relationships. Certain key themes emerged across these topics: the need for a greater emphasis on more culturally nuanced music teacher education in relation to indigenous musics; the critical importance of teaching indigenous music/arts contexts; song ownership; and the need for music educators and researchers to develop a critical stance towards their subject and discipline.
Determination of the Metabolite of Ephedrine, 4-Hydroxyephedrine, by LC-MS-MS in Rat Urine and Its Application in Excretion Profiles After Oral Administration of Ephedra sinica Stapf and Processing Ephedra sinica Stapf.

This study aims to study the changes of metabolism of Ephedra sinica Stapf caused by processing. A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for the quantitation of the major metabolite of ephedrine, 4-hydroxyephedrine, utilizing lidocaine as the internal standard in rat urine. Urine samples were precipitated with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Ultimate C18 analytical column. Detection was performed by a multiple reaction monitoring mode via an electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.05-1.0c for all components. The intra- and inter-day precision values were <13.2% and the deviations ranged from -8.4% to 7.5%. The recoveries at three levels were more than 66.2%. The fully validated method was used to study the pharmacokinetic profile of 4-hydroxyephedrine in rat urine to investigate the effects caused by processing.