Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms, unemployment, and loss of income: The CARDIA Study.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested an association between depression and low socioeconomic status, but few have empirically examined the effect of depressive symptoms on income and employment over time. OBJECTIVE To determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with subsequent unemployment or loss of family income. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of 5115 adults aged 18 to 30 years. These participants included approximately equal numbers of African Americans and whites and men and women from 4 cities in the United States who completed the 1990-1991 examination of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. For this analysis, we included 2334 participants who were employed full or part time and who reported an annual family income of $25 000 or more. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and were considered to have depressive symptoms if they scored 16 or higher on the 60-point scale. We evaluated self-reported unemployment and annual family income during 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS Thirty-three percent (118/354) of participants with depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >/=16) in 1990-1991 and 21% (335/1581) of participants without substantial depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score <16) reported new unemployment during the subsequent 5 years (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.4; P<.001). This association remained strong after adjusting for potential confounding variables, including marital status, education, history of unemployment, current part-time (vs full-time) employment, and cigarette smoking (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0; P =.001). Seventeen percent (62/371) of participants with depressive symptoms and 7% (113/1631) of participants without substantial depressive symptoms in 1990-1991 reported that their family income had decreased below $25 000 by 1995-1996 (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-3.8; P<.001). This association also remained strong after adjusting for potential confounding variables (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.7; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are associated with subsequent unemployment and loss of family income among working young adults. Socioeconomic indicators, such as income and employment, should be considered in evaluating the potential benefits of treatment for patients with depressive symptoms.
Analogical Reasoning on Chinese Morphological and Semantic Relations

Analogical reasoning is effective in capturing linguistic regularities. This paper proposes an analogical reasoning task on Chinese. After delving into Chinese lexical knowledge, we sketch 68 implicit morphological relations and 28 explicit semantic relations. A big and balanced dataset CA8 is then built for this task, including 17813 questions. Furthermore, we systematically explore the influences of vector representations, context features, and corpora on analogical reasoning. With the experiments, CA8 is proved to be a reliable benchmark for evaluating Chinese word embeddings.
The dynamics of local upgrading in globalizing latecomer regions: a geographical analysis

ABSTRACT The dynamics of local upgrading in globalizing latecomer regions: a geographical analysis. Regional Studies. By noting the spatial-less nature of the mainstream studies of industrial upgrading, this paper theorizes how local upgrading is affected by geographical heterogeneity at different scales in relation to three spatial factors: location, regional conditions and global competitive dynamics. In doing so, it argues that local firms can take advantage of these factors to access more resources for industrial upgrading instead of choosing from the limited options offered by previous studies such as state intervention or indigenous innovation. Three cases in the Pearl River Delta in China are presented to illustrate these local dynamics.
Power hardware-in-the-loop implementation and verification of a real time capable battery model

For this contribution a generic and real time capable battery model was implemented within a dedicated Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation environment. This was done in order to investigate its implementability and accuracy for PHIL simulations. PHIL simulations offers major benefits to battery inverter tests as reproducibility increases and the preparation time can be reduced significantly. Following a discussion of real time capable battery models, the implemented model is validated with measurement data of a real battery. Finally a PHIL simulation of a battery model is carried out and its applicability is shown.
Perché non si è sciolto il nodo del Mezzogiorno? Un problema di sociologia economica

The economic and social backwardness of Southerner regions - the Mezzogiorno - has been a long lasting problem of Italy since the Unity of the country. After the Second World War, Italian governments tried to improve economic development through special policies. At the same time, welfare benefits were extended to citizens through public transfers. On the whole, a remarkable amount of resources was redistributed, but the results were not satisfying. The paper argues that the main causes for this failure are not economic. They are rather to be found in a peculiar combination of a weak civic culture with a local polity based on the extended use of patronage. Therefore, the increasing resources coming from the central government were largely used to provide incentives and subsidies that supported inefficient activities, without improving local environment through collective goods (infrastructure, services). Although there are differences among the Southerner regions - and in some of them sound economic activities have developed - economy and employment remain largely dependent on politics. In addition, organized crime took advantage of this form of 'political capitalism' to extend its influence on the economy. The paper concludes that institutional settings at the local level are the main obstacle to an autonomous development. However, the responsibility of central governments in establishing a kind of perverse political exchange is not to be overlooked: public transfers without effective control on their use, in exchange for electoral and political support from Southerner political elites.
INVESTIGATION OF PERCEPTION AT INFRASOUND FRE- QUENCIES BY FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IM- AGING (FMRI) AND MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (MEG)

Currently the emission of infrasound at work places and in daily life is becoming more pronounced because of an increasing number of sources as wind parks, pumps of renewable energy systems or the permanently increasing road traffic. The evaluation of also increasing complaints is accompanied with a still limited understanding about the perception mechanisms at these frequencies hindering the development of efficient assessment methods or the definition of exposure limits. New insight into mechanisms of perception can be expected from neuroimaging techniques providing objective information about noise processing in the brain.
Indoor mould exposure, asthma and rhinitis: findings from systematic reviews and recent longitudinal studies

Starting from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and World Health Organization (WHO) reports, this review provides an overview of the literature published from 2006 to 2017 on the associations between indoor mould exposure and asthma and rhinitis separately in children and adults with a focus on longitudinal epidemiological studies. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was performed, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, longitudinal, incident case–control and panel studies. 61 publications were identified reporting visible mould or mould odour or quantitative assessment of culturable fungi or mould species. In children, visible mould and mould odour were associated with the development and exacerbations of asthma, providing sufficient evidence of a causal relationship. Results from population-based studies in adults were too few and divergent to conclude at more than a limited level of evidence. Exposure to mould in a work building was associated with the incidence and exacerbations of occupational asthma, and we concluded at a sufficient evidence for an association. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses and longitudinal studies on the relationships between mould exposure and allergic rhinitis provide sufficient evidence of an association. This review extended the conclusions of the IOM and WHO reports, and highlighted the need for further longitudinal studies on asthma in adults, and on rhinitis. Evidence that indoor mould at home increases asthma in children is accumulating but is still insufficient in adults http://ow.ly/nEnt30j7lco
Mission drift?: The third sector and the pressure to be businesslike: Evidence from job services Australia

Becoming more businesslike is seen by many not-for-profit (NFP) agencies as necessary for survival, if not expansion, under the conditions required by New Public Management (NPM). Charged with delivering social services in a competitive environment, NFP agencies must often compete with each other, and with for-profit (FP) organisations, in order to obtain and retain government contracts. While some things are known about why NFP agencies emulate FPs, and the means by which they do so, little is known about whether adopting a more businesslike approach yields benefits. In this study we compare attitudes to profit maximisation against other client-oriented goals among NFP agencies delivering contracted employment services in Australia. We find that profit-maximising attitudes have increased dramatically between 1998 and 2012. Yet despite this, we find no correlation between a profit-orientated disposition and the rate at which services improve for clients. We conclude that while becoming more businesslike might be beneficial for a host of reasons, it does not appear to help agencies meet their key performance indicator: achieving positive outcomes for those they seek to serve.
The Structure and Content of Long-Term and Short-Term Mate Preferences

This study addresses two limitations in the mate preferences literature. First, research all-too-often relies on single-item assessments of mate preferences precluding more advanced statistical techniques like factor analysis. Second, when factor analysis could be done, it exclusively has done for long-term mate preferences, at the exclusion of short-term mate preferences. In this study (N = 401), we subjected 20 items designed to measure short- and long-term mate preferences to both principle components (n = 200) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 201). In the long-term context, we replicated previous findings that there are three different categories of preferences: physical attractiveness, interpersonal warmth, and social status. In the short-term context, physical attractiveness occupied two parts of the structure, social status dropped out, and interpersonal warmth remained. Across short- and long-term contexts, there were slight changes in what defined the shared dimensions (i.e., physical attractiveness and interpersonal warmth), suggesting prior work that applies the same inventory to each context might be flawed. We also replicated sex differences and similarities in mate preferences and correlates with sociosexuality and mate value. We adopt an evolutionary paradigm to understand our results.
Why Discussions in LinkedIn Group Get Read

This study examines the motivations for why LinkedIn group users read discussion posts and attempts to discover which factors predict motivations for using the discussion board within the LinkedIn group. Information seeking appeared as the strongest motivation for using the discussions, followed by efficiency, and entertainment. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that perceived credibility of LinkedIn group will predict the motivation for reading the discussions. Based on the findings, this study presents implications and suggestions for future research.
Isolation and antibiogram of Escherichia coli from diarrhoic poultry.

One hundred fifty fecal samples were processed for the isolation of Escherichia coli from diarrhoic poultry birds. Eighty (53.33%) samples were found positive for E. coli. The most frequent serotype found was O60 (15.17%), followed by O17 (7.14%), O138 and O170 (each 4.29%). On antibiogram study, 69 (98.57%) isolates exhibited resistance against cefotaxime, followed by piperacillin (85.71%), tetracycline ( 82.86%), co-trimoxazole (52.86%), ceftizoxime (22.86%), pefloxacin (20 %), ampicillin (15.71% ), ofloxacin (14.26%), ciprofloxacin (10%) and chloramphenicol (10%). Only one isolate (each 1.43%) was found resistant against gentamicin and amikacin.
Is Capitalization of Operating Lease Way to Increase of Comparability of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with IFRS and US GAAP

The paper is concerned with an evaluation of possibilities of companies using operating lease and prepared financial statements under IFRS or US GAAP comparison. The data of non-financial companies listed on the Prague Stock Exchange and reporting information on operating lease in accordance with IAS 17 are used. The study presents the impact of operating lease capitalization on companies’ financial statements and financial analysis ratios. The results show a negative impact of operating lease capitalization on financial analysis ratios. The study was motivated by a common effort of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to develop the common standard for Lease reporting. In 2013, a joint exposure dra of standard (ED2013/6) Leases was published. Under the new standard, it is required to capitalize all lease agreements over one year. The distinction between operating leases and finance leases should not exist anymore. The study was carried out to demonstrate the potential impact resulting from the proposed adoption of the new accounting standard concerning mandatory capitalization of all lease contracts.
Survival benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable breast cancer

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) increases breast conservation rates in patients with resectable breast cancer at the associated cost of higher locoregional recurrence rates; however, the magnitude of the survival benefits of NAC for these patients remains undefined. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the survival benefit of NAC versus postoperative chemotherapy by conducting an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: The authors searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese biomedical literature database, and Chinese Scientific Journals full-text database from their inception to December 2016. The authors identified relevant RCTs that compared NAC with postoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of operable breast cancer. The main endpoints were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results : A total of 21 citations representing 16 unique studies were eligible. There were 787 deaths among 2794 patients assigned to NAC groups and 816 deaths among 2799 patients assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy groups. A meta-analysis of data indicated that there was no significant benefit in terms of OS ([hazard ratio [HR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.13, P = .51) and RFS (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.10, P = .80) between the NAC and postoperative chemotherapy groups. The pooled HR estimate for OS was not influenced by NAC cycles, the total number of chemotherapy cycles, administration of tamoxifen, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, or type of NAC regimen. Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled HR estimate for RFS was influenced by anthracycline-containing regimens. Patients with a pathological complete response had superior survival outcomes compared with patients who had residual disease. Conclusion: The survival benefits for patients with operable breast cancer who received either NAC or adjuvant chemotherapy based on anthracycline regimens were comparable.
Control of a 7-DOF Robotic Arm System With an SSVEP-Based BCI

Although robot technology has been successfully used to empower people who suffer from motor disabilities to increase their interaction with their physical environment, it remains a challenge for individuals with severe motor impairment, who do not have the motor control ability to move robots or prosthetic devices by manual control. In this study, to mitigate this issue, a noninvasive brain-computer interface (BCI)-based robotic arm control system using gaze based steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) was designed and implemented using a portable wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system. A 15-target SSVEP-based BCI using a filter bank canonical correlation analysis (FBCCA) method allowed users to directly control the robotic arm without system calibration. The online results from 12 healthy subjects indicated that a command for the proposed brain-controlled robot system could be selected from 15 possible choices in 4[Formula: see text]s (i.e. 2[Formula: see text]s for visual stimulation and 2[Formula: see text]s for gaze shifting) with an average accuracy of 92.78%, resulting in a 15 commands/min transfer rate. Furthermore, all subjects (even naive users) were able to successfully complete the entire move-grasp-lift task without user training. These results demonstrated an SSVEP-based BCI could provide accurate and efficient high-level control of a robotic arm, showing the feasibility of a BCI-based robotic arm control system for hand-assistance.
Antiretroviral Drugs in the Cupboard are Not Enough: The Impact of Health Systems' Performance on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

Objective:To model the effect of health systems performance on rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Methods:We modeled the effect of variation in performance of the multiple steps of different prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) protocols using hypothetical and reported data. Setting:Data from a PMTCT program in a large province in South Africa was used to compare model predictions with reported outcomes for mother-to-child HIV transmission. Main Outcome Measure:Perinatal HIV transmission was predicted for infants of 6 weeks of age. Results:HIV-infected pregnant women who fulfill eligibility criteria are initiated on lifelong antiretroviral treatment, whereas noneligible HIV-infected women and their infants receive single-dose nevirapine in a health system functioning at reported performance levels, and the overall vertical transmission rate would be 19.5%. Adding azidothymidine for women not eligible for lifelong treatment would further decrease the overall transmission rates only marginally to 17%. If the same steps were accomplished at 95% reliability, then the overall transmission rates would be 9.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Conclusions:Introduction of more effective combination antiretroviral interventions will yield only marginal reductions in childhood HIV infections and mortality unless health systems achieve high levels of performance at each step of the PMTCT pathway. Investment in and support for the mechanisms of delivering and sustaining PMTCT interventions at scale are required if gains in maternal and child survival are to be realized in countries highly affected by HIV.
Academic-Industrial Perspective on the Development and Deployment of a Moderation System for a Newspaper Website

This paper describes an approach and our experiences from the development, deployment and usability testing of a Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Information Retrieval system that supports the moderation of user comments on a large newspaper website. We highlight some of the differences between industry-oriented and academic research settings and their inﬂuence on the decisions made in the data collection and annotation processes, selection of document representation and machine learning methods. We report on classiﬁcation results, where the problems to solve and the data to work with come from a commercial enterprise. In this context typical for NLP research, we discuss relevant industrial aspects. We believe that the challenges faced as well as the solutions proposed for addressing them can provide insights to others working in a similar setting. Data and experiment code related to this paper are available for download at https://ofai.github. io/million-post-corpus.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Clinical Translation

Purpose: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in malignant tumors have been linked to tumor aggressiveness and represent a new target for cancer immunotherapy. As new TAM-targeted immunotherapies are entering clinical trials, it is important to detect and quantify TAM with noninvasive imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine if ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI can detect TAM in lymphomas and bone sarcomas of pediatric patients and young adults. Experimental Design: In a first-in-patient, Institutional Review Board–approved prospective clinical trial, 25 pediatric and young adult patients with lymphoma or bone sarcoma underwent ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI. To confirm ferumoxytol enhancement, five pilot patients (two lymphoma and three bone sarcoma) underwent pre- and postcontrast MRI. Subsequently, 20 patients (10 lymphoma and 10 bone sarcoma) underwent ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI 24 to 48 hours after i.v. injection, followed by tumor biopsy/resection and macrophage staining. To determine if ferumoxytol-MRI can differentiate tumors with different TAM content, we compared T2* relaxation times of lymphomas and bone sarcomas. Tumor T2* values of 20 patients were correlated with CD68+ and CD163+ TAM quantities on histopathology. Results: Significant ferumoxytol tumor enhancement was noted on postcontrast scans compared with precontrast scans (P = 0.036). Bone sarcomas and lymphomas demonstrated significantly different MRI enhancement and TAM density (P < 0.05). Within each tumor group, T2* signal enhancement on MR images correlated significantly with the density of CD68+ and CD163+ TAM (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI is immediately clinically applicable and could be used to stratify patients with TAM-rich tumors to immune-targeted therapies and to monitor tumor response to these therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4110–8. ©2018 AACR.
Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffers and Interest-Rate Policy as Complements â€“ The Experience of South Africa

Counter-cyclical capital buffers are increasingly popular new "macroprudential" tools. However, there is limited empirical evidence on both the intended and unintended consequences of using these buffers. During the pre-crisis period (2002--2007), South Africa increased capital adequacy ratios to curb rapid credit extension, and so provides a useful test case. Using a new data set from that period, this paper extends a standard large-scale macroeconomic model to include capital adequacy ratios as a policy lever. It is found that a 1 percentage point shock to the capital adequacy ratio has similar effects to an interest-rate shock of between 0.3 and 0.4 percentage points. These results are in line with those in other jurisdictions. The econometric results are only indicative -- if actively used as a tool, counter-cyclical capital buffers may have their own complexities, including asymmetric impacts and endogeneity problems. Monetary policy issues, such as signalling, time inconsistency, expectation and communication challenges also apply, reducing the usefulness of proactive macroprudential policy. Nevertheless, macroprudential policies have an important complementary role to play