Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interscanner and Intrascanner Comparison of Virtual Unenhanced Attenuation Values Derived From Twin Beam Dual-Energy and Dual-Source, Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

Objective The aim of the current study was to evaluate the reliability and comparability of virtual unenhanced (VUE) attenuation values derived from scans of a single-source, dual-energy computed tomography using a split-filter (tbDECT) to a dual-source dual-energy CT (dsDECT). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, comparisons for tbDECT and dsDECT were made within and between different dual-energy platforms. For the interscanner comparison, 126 patients were scanned with both scanners within a time interval of 224 ± 180 days; for the intrascanner comparison, another 90 patients were scanned twice with the same scanner within a time interval of 136 ± 140 days. Virtual unenhanced images were processed off of venous phase series. Attenuation values of 7 different tissues were recorded. Disagreement for VUE HU measurements greater than 10 HU between 2 scans was defined as inadequate. Results The interscanner analysis showed significant difference between tbDE and dsDE VUE CT values (P < 0.01) for 6 of 7 organs. Percentage of cases that had more than 10 HU difference between tbDE and dsDE for an individual patient ranged between 15% (left kidney) and 62% (spleen). The intrascanner analysis showed no significant difference between repeat scans for both tbDECT and dsDECT (P > 0.05). However, intrascanner disagreements for the VUE HU measurements greater than 10 HU were recorded in 10% of patients scanned on the tbDECT and 0% of patients scanned on the dsDECT. The organs with the highest portion of greater than 10 HU errors were the liver and the aorta (both 20%). Conclusions Dual-energy techniques vary in reproducibility of VUE attenuation values. In the current study, tbDECT demonstrated higher variation in VUE HU measurements in comparison to a dsDECT. Virtual unenhanced HU measurements cannot be reliably compared on follow-up CT, if these 2 different dual-energy CT platforms are used.
FLYWCH1, a Novel Suppressor of Nuclear β-Catenin, Regulates Migration and Morphology in Colorectal Cancer

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role during development of both normal and malignant colorectal cancer tissues. Phosphorylation of β-catenin protein alters its trafficking and function. Such conventional allosteric regulation usually involves a highly specialized set of molecular interactions, which may specifically turn on a particular cell phenotype. This study identifies a novel transcription modulator with an FLYWCH/Zn-finger DNA-binding domain, called “FLYWCH1. ” Using a modified yeast-2-hybrid based Ras-Recruitment system, it is demonstrated that FLYWCH1 directly binds to unphosphorylated (nuclear) β-catenin efficiently suppressing the transcriptional activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that cannot be rescued by TCF4. FLYWCH1 rearranges the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF4 to selectively block the expression of specific downstream genes associated with colorectal cancer cell migration and morphology, including ZEB1, EPHA4, and E-cadherin. Accordingly, overexpression of FLYWCH1 reduces cell motility and increases cell attachment. The expression of FLYWCH1 negatively correlates with the expression level of ZEB1 and EPHA4 in normal versus primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tissues in patients. Thus, FLYWCH1 antagonizes β-catenin/TCF4 signaling during cell polarity/migration in colorectal cancer. Implications: This study uncovers a new molecular mechanism by which FLYWCH1 with a possible tumor suppressive role represses β-catenin-induced ZEB1 and increases cadherin-mediated cell attachment preventing colorectal cancer metastasis.
Tactical Knowledge, Decision-Making, and Brain Activation Among Volleyball Coaches of Varied Experience

This study compared decision-making (DM) of experienced and novice volleyball coaches while measuring blood flow brain activation with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We sampled 34 coaches (mean [M] age of 32.5, standard deviation [SD] = 9.4 years) divided into two experience groups: (a) novice (M = 2.8, SD = 1.9 years) and (b) experienced (M = 19, SD = 7.2 years). We evaluated coaches’ DM through their responses to video-based scenarios of attacks performed in the extremities of the net within the Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test in Volleyball. We found no significant DM differences between the two groups of coaches (p = .063), though novice (vs. experienced) coaches showed greater blood flow of the prefrontal cortex when visualizing the game situations. While experienced coaches may have better prefrontal neural efficiency during DM in these situations, further research is needed to evaluate other cerebral areas; since blood flow is an indirect measure of neural efficiency, and activity in remaining cortical components was unknown in this study.
Identification of genomic regions associated with agronomic and biofortification traits in DH populations of rice

Rice provides energy and nutrition to more than half of the world’s population. Breeding rice varieties with the increased levels of bioavailable micronutrients is one of the most sustainable approaches to tackle micronutrient malnutrition. So, high zinc and iron content in the grain are primary targets in rice biofortification breeding. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping using doubled haploid (DH) populations, PSBRc82 x Joryeongbyeo and PSBRc82 x IR69428, phenotyped for agronomic traits and micronutrients during two growing seasons and using genotypic information from analysis with the 6K SNP chip. A number of DH lines were identified as having high grain Zn and Fe content in polished rice. Importantly, we identified 20 QTLs for agronomic traits and 59 QTLs for a number of biofortification traits. Of the 79 QTLs, 12 were large-effect QTLs (>25% PVE), nine QTLs were consistent across seasons in either population, and one QTL was identified in both populations. Moreover, at least two QTLs were clustered in defined regions of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9. Eight epistatic interactions were detected for Cu, Mg, Na, and Zn in population 1. Furthermore, we identified several candidate genes near QTLs for grain Zn (OsNRAMP, OsNAS, OsZIP, OsYSL, OsFER, and OsZIFL family) and grain yield (OsSPL14 and OsSPL16). These new QTLs and candidate genes help to further elucidate the genetic basis for grain micronutrient concentration, and may prove useful for marker assisted breeding for this important trait.
The optical duality of tellurium nanoparticles for broadband solar energy harvesting and efficient photothermal conversion

Tellurium nanoparticles are used for broadband solar energy harvesting and efficient photothermal conversion. Nanophotonic materials for solar energy harvesting and photothermal conversion are urgently needed to alleviate the global energy crisis. We demonstrate that a broadband absorber made of tellurium (Te) nanoparticles with a wide size distribution can absorb more than 85% solar radiation in the entire spectrum. Temperature of the absorber irradiated by sunlight can increase from 29° to 85°C within 100 s. By dispersing Te nanoparticles into water, the water evaporation rate is improved by three times under solar radiation of 78.9 mW/cm2. This photothermal conversion surpasses that of plasmonic or all-dielectric nanoparticles reported before. We also establish that the unique permittivity of Te is responsible for the high performance. The real part of permittivity experiences a transition from negative to positive in the ultraviolet-visible–near-infrared region, which endows Te nanoparticles with the plasmonic-like and all-dielectric duality. The total absorption covers the entire spectrum of solar radiation due to the enhancement by both plasmonic-like and Mie-type resonances. It is the first reported material that simultaneously has plasmonic-like and all-dielectric properties in the solar radiation region. These findings suggest that the Te nanoparticle can be expected to be an advanced photothermal conversion material for solar-enabled water evaporation.
Automation Expectation Mismatch: Incorrect Prediction Despite Eyes on Threat and Hands on Wheel

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand how to secure driver supervision engagement and conflict intervention performance while using highly reliable (but not perfect) automation. Background: Securing driver engagement—by mitigating irony of automation (i.e., the better the automation, the less attention drivers will pay to traffic and the system, and the less capable they will be to resume control) and by communicating system limitations to avoid mental model misconceptions—is a major challenge in the human factors literature. Method: One hundred six drivers participated in three test-track experiments in which we studied driver intervention response to conflicts after driving highly reliable but supervised automation. After 30 min, a conflict occurred wherein the lead vehicle cut out of lane to reveal a conflict object in the form of either a stationary car or a garbage bag. Results: Supervision reminders effectively maintained drivers’ eyes on path and hands on wheel. However, neither these reminders nor explicit instructions on system limitations and supervision responsibilities prevented 28% (21/76) of drivers from crashing with their eyes on the conflict object (car or bag). Conclusion: The results uncover the important role of expectation mismatches, showing that a key component of driver engagement is cognitive (understanding the need for action), rather than purely visual (looking at the threat), or having hands on wheel. Application: Automation needs to be designed either so that it does not rely on the driver or so that the driver unmistakably understands that it is an assistance system that needs an active driver to lead and share control.
Monitoring Groundwater Storage Changes Using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Satellite Mission: A Review

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission, which was in operation from March 2002 to June 2017, was the first remote sensing mission to provide temporal variations of Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS), which is the sum of the water masses that were contained in the soil column (i.e., snow, surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater), at a spatial resolution of a few hundred kilometers. As in situ level measurements are generally not sufficiently available for monitoring groundwater changes at the regional-scale, this unique dataset, combined with external information, is widely used to quantify the interannual variations of groundwater storage in the world’s major aquifers. GRACE-based groundwater changes revealed significant aquifer depletion over large regions, such as the Middle East, the northwest India aquifer, the North China Plain aquifer, the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia, the High Plains, and the California Central Valley aquifers in the United States of America (USA), but were also used to estimate groundwater-related parameters such as the specific yield, which relates groundwater level to storage, or to define the indices of groundwater depletion and stress. In this review, the approaches used for estimating groundwater storage variations are presented along with the main applications of GRACE data for groundwater monitoring. Issues that were related to the use of GRACE-based TWS are also addressed.
First documented evidence of dengue and malaria co-infection in children attending two health centers in Yaoundé, Cameroon

To date, only a few cases of malaria and dengue co-infections have been reported around the world. We describe for the first time in Cameroon, concurrent infections among children (2 to 10 years) in two health centers of Yaoundé. The two dengue strains isolated in Cameroon clustered with the Asian II genotype. Although acute concurrent infections were benign, special attention should be given to malaria and dengue co-infection in order to prevent possible severe cases.
Mexican Households’ Purchases of Foods and Beverages Vary by Store-Type, Taxation Status, and SES

Where people shop for food is often linked to the healthiness of food purchases. In Mexico, no research has examined the connection between where people shop, what they buy, and their socioeconomic status (SES). Mexico’s sugary beverage and junk food taxes have made households decrease purchases of taxed products. However, whether households have changed where they shop is unknown. To address this gap, we use a repeated cross-sectional analysis of household packaged food and beverage purchases from the Nielsen Mexico Consumer Panel Survey from 2012 to 2015 (n > 5500 households). We examine changes in the volume of the purchase of taxed and untaxed products from different store-types (i.e., convenience stores, supermarkets, traditional retailers, wholesalers, home water-delivery, and others) by SES using multivariate linear regression models. Results show that high-SES households purchased more foods and beverages at all store-types except for low-SES who purchased the most foods and taxed beverages at traditional retailers. Purchases of taxed foods and beverages from traditional retailers significantly decreased for low-SES and middle-SES households and from supermarkets for middle-SES and high-SES households. Purchases of untaxed beverages from wholesalers significantly increased for middle-SES households and from convenience stores for high-SES households. Our findings suggest that consumers choose different stores to purchase beverages than to purchase foods and that taxes may have differentially affected each store-type.
Analysis of change in microRNA expression profiles of lung cancer A549 cells treated with Radix tetrastigma hemsleyani flavonoids

Background The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition effects of Radix tetrastigma hemsleyani (RTH) flavonoids on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. RTH is an important Chinese traditional herb that has been widely used in cancer therapy. As an important type of active substance, RTH flavones (RTHF) have been shown to have good antiproliferative effects on various cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that play important roles in cancer progression and prevention. However, the miRNA profile of RTHF-treated A549 cells has not yet been studied. Materials and methods The miRNA expression profile changes of A549 cell treated with RTHF were determined using the miRNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs′ (DE-miRNAs) target genes were carried out. Results In this study, we identified 162 miRNAs that displayed expression changes >1.2-fold in RTHF-treated A549 cells. GO analysis results showed that target genes of DE-miRNAs were significantly enriched in protein binding, binding, cell, cell part, intracellular, cellular process, single-organism process, and single-organism cellular process. Pathway analysis illustrated that target genes of DE-miRNAs are mainly involved in endocytosis, axon guidance, lysosome, melanogenesis, and acute myeloid leukemia pathway. Conclusion These results may assist in the better understanding of the anticancer effects of RTHF in A549 cells.
The diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation in the horse

Atrial fibrillation is the most common performance-limiting arrhythmia in the horse. Detailed cardiovascular evaluation will help guide prognosis and treatment. Many affected horses have lone atrial fibrillation (no predisposing cardiac abnormalities). These horses have a good prognosis for return to performance if sinus rhythm can be restored. The main therapeutic option continues to be quinidine, which has been used for over 60 years. Transvenous electrical cardioversion has proven to be a successful alternative. Other therapeutic options are being explored, but are currently limited.
The impact of past behaviour normality on regret: replication and extension of three experiments of the exceptionality effect

ABSTRACT Norm theory (Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986). Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review, 93, 136–153) described a tendency for people to associate stronger regret with a negative outcome when it is a result of an exception (abnormal behaviour) compared to when it is a result of routine (normal behaviour). In two pre-registered studies, we conducted a replication and extension of three classic experiments on past behaviour exception/routine contrasts (N = 684). We successfully replicated Kahneman and Miller’s (1986) experiments with the classic hitchhiker-scenario (Part 1) and car accident-scenario (Part 2). In both cases, participants examined negative outcomes and tended to indicate a protagonist who deviated from own past behaviour as more regretful than another who followed routine. Pre-registered extensions also showed effects for ratings of social norms, negative affect, and perceived luck. We did not find support for the Miller, D. T. , and McFarland, C. [(1986). Counterfactual thinking and victim compensation: A test of norm theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 513–519] experiment robbery scenario (Part 3) using a compensation measure, in that compensation to a victim of a robbery was not significantly different comparing exceptional and routine circumstances. However, a pre-registered extension showed that robbery under exceptional circumstances was perceived as more regretful than robbery under routine circumstances. We discuss implications for current and future research.
Association of Fellow Eye With Study Eye Disease Trajectories and Need for Fellow Eye Treatment in Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) Participants

Importance Clinicians would benefit from knowing the association of glaucomatous change in 2 eyes of the same patient. Objective To estimate the time between initial glaucoma treatment of the study eye (SE) and the need for treatment of the fellow eye (FE) and to ascertain the concordance between rates of progression in SEs and FEs. Design, Setting, and Participants In this post hoc analysis of participants from the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study, 607 participants with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma in 1 or both eyes were followed up for up to 11 years. An SE was designated at baseline and randomized to medical or surgical treatment. By protocol, FEs were treated when eligible or at physician discretion. Survival analysis methods were used to estimate the probability of FE treatment over time and to test baseline and time-dependent predictors of treatment. Disease trajectory was calculated with linear regression as the patient eye–specific slopes of mean deviation (MD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) over time, and correlations between SE and FE trajectories were calculated. Data were collected from October 1993 to December 2004. Data were analyzed from September 2012 to May 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Time to FE treatment and slopes over time of MD and IOP in SEs and FEs. Results Of the 607 included patients, 334 (55.0%) were male and 337 (55.5%) were white, and the mean (SD) age was 58.0 (10.9) years. A total of 291 FEs (47.9%) were treated at baseline, 123 (20.3%) were eventually treated, and 193 (31.8%) never received treatment. The probability of FE treatment for open-angle glaucoma was 0.57 at 1 year and 0.68 at 7 years after randomization. Characteristics significantly associated with an increased hazard of FE treatment included older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.64; P = .007), hypertension (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.16-2.67; P = .008), higher IOP (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.20-1.29; P < .001), large cup-disc ratio (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.23-1.58; P < .001), and worse MD. Correlations in MD slopes between SEs and FEs initially, eventually, and never treated were 0.73, 0.71, and 0.34, respectively. Comparable correlations in IOP slopes were 0.57, 0.24, and 0, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma, almost half had initial treatment of both eyes. After 7 years, approximately two-thirds of patients had bilateral treatment. Of the variables predictive of FE treatment, modifiable factors included hypertension and IOP. Slopes of MD were similar between SEs and treated FEs. This implies that SE change is a harbinger of FE change and therefore warrants close surveillance.
Behavioral Investments in the Short Term Fail to Produce a Sunk Cost Effect

A cognitive bias known as the sunk cost effect has been found across a number of contexts. This bias drives the continued investment of time, effort, or money into an endeavor on the basis of prior investments into it. In Studies 1 and 2, we attempted to observe whether this effect occurs for short-term behavioral investments. In both studies, a reverse, or no sunk cost effect was found. In Study 3, we attempted to find an effect using hypothetical scenarios that were analagous to the behavioral investments presented in Study 1. This also failed to reveal an effect. Finally, Study 4 was an attempt to replicate a previously used hypothetical investment scenario; with results this time revealing the effect. A number of explanations for this pattern of results, such as participation and salient physical exertion, are discussed, with the possibility that some short-term behavioral investments are not subject to the sunk cost effect.
Generalized Trackball for Surfing Over Surfaces

We present an efficient 3D interaction technique: generalizing the well known trackball approach, this technique unifies and blends the two common interaction mechanisms known as panning and orbiting. The approach allows to inspect a virtual object by navigating over its surrounding space, remaining at a chosen distance and performing an automatic panning over its surface. This generalized trackball allows an intuitive navigation of topologically complex shapes, enabling unexperienced users to visit hard-to-reach parts better and faster than with standard GUI components. The approach is based on the construction of multiple smooth approximations of the model under inspection; at rendering time, it constrains the camera to stay at a given distance to these approximations. The approach requires negligible preprocessing and memory overhead and works well for both mouse- based and touch interfaces. An informal user study confirms the impact of the proposed technique.
Location of appendix in pregnancy: does it change?

Objectives This study aimed to determine the change in anatomical location of appendix in full-term pregnancy. Study design This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study Liaquat National University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Department of General Surgery, January 01 to July 31, 2010. Patients and methods Full-term pregnant women undergoing caesarean section were enrolled. The anatomical position of the appendix was noted by visual inspection with reference to the transtubercular plane (TTP). SPSS-10 was used for analysis. Results Seventy-seven full-term pregnant female patients who underwent caesarean section were included in the study. Their mean age was 29 years, the mean height was 5.3 feet, and mean gestational age was 38 weeks. Appendix was found at the normal anatomical location in 63 out of 77 patients (81.8%), while it was located above the TTP in 14 patients (18.2%). Conclusion Appendix does not migrate up with increasing gestational age in the majority of pregnant women. In most full-term pregnant female patients, appendix is located at the normal anatomical position.