Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the efficacy of an interactive warning for use in labeling strategies used by us pharmacies

Background: United States pharmacies repackage medications into multi-dose vials, enabling customized dosing for prescription drugs. Investment in infrastructure has made this the predominant approach to packaging for US prescriptions. Although recent changes to labeling now discourage the use of auxiliary labels (small stickers highlighting information germane to the safe and effective use), they are still allowed by USP<17>, provided their use comes from an evidence-based perspective. Objectives: Evaluate how ‘interactive,’ placements of auxiliary labels (placement requiring physical manipulation of the warning to accomplish a task (e.g. opening)) garner attention as compared to those placed vertically or horizontally. Methods: Ninety-six participants were eye tracked while opening three prescription vials (each with an auxiliary warning label with a different placement: vertical, horizontal and interactive). Recall and recognition were tested subsequently. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the continuous variables while the binary response variables were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. The effect of auxiliary labels was fitted as a fixed effect and the subject-to-subject variation was considered as a random effect in the model. Participants’ age, health literacy and sex were added to the models if their effect was statistically significant at alpha=0.05. Results: The placement of the warnings significantly impacted the time spent viewing the information they contained at alpha=0.05; people spent significantly longer on interactive placements (0.96; SD 0.13 seconds) than either, horizontal placements (0.27; SD 0.037 seconds) or those placed vertically (0.18 seconds; SD 0.035). Participants were equally as likely to see information presented in an interactive placement (90%; SD 3.8) or horizontal placement (78%; SD 05.5) but less likely to view warnings placed vertically (60%; SD 6.9). Free recall responses also supported the use of interactive placement (62%; SD 6.8 recall) as compared to horizontal placements which were 29%; SD 3.0 and 20%; SD 6.0 for vertical placements. Conclusions: Data provides evidence which suggests that interactive and horizontal placements out-perform auxiliary labels placed vertically on prescription vials with regard to garnering patient attention.
Analysis of genetic population structure and diversity in Mallotus oblongifolius using ISSR and SRAP markers

Background Mallotus oblongifolius, an evergreen shrub endemic to Hainan Island, China, is important both medicinally and economically. Due to its special medicinal significance and the continuing rise of market demand, its populations in the wild have been subject to long-term illegal and unrestrained collection. Hence, an evaluation of genetic variability is essential for the conservation and genetic reserve development of this species. Methods Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 20 natural populations of M. oblongifolius growing in different eco-geographical regions of Hainan Island, China. Results We revealed a considerable genetic diversity (h = 0.336, I = 0.5057, SRAP markers; h = 0.3068, I = 0.4657, ISSR markers) and weak genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.2764 for SRAP, Gst = 0.2709 for ISSR) with the same gene flow (Nm = 1.3092 for SRAP, Nm = 1.346 for ISSR) among the M. oblongifolius populations. The Mantel Test showed that the distribution of genetic variation among populations could not be explained by the pronounced geographical distances (r = 0.01255, p = 0.5538). All results of the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), Neighbor-joining (NJ), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Bayesian analyses supported a habitat-specific genetic clustering model for M. oblongifolius, indicating a local adaptive divergence for the studied populations. Discussion We suggested that the habitat fragmentation and specificity for M. oblongifolius populations weakened the natural gene flow and promoted an adaptation to special habitats, which was the main reason for local adaptive divergence among M. oblongifolius.
Cardiovascular outcomes of early versus delayed coronary intervention in low to intermediate-risk patients with STEMI in Thailand: a randomised trial

Background The benefit of an early coronary intervention after streptokinase (SK) therapy in low to intermediate-risk patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) still remains uncertain. The current study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of early versus delayed coronary intervention in low to intermediate-risk patients with STEMI after successful therapy with SK. Methods We randomly assigned low to intermediate Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score to patients with STEMI who had successful treatment with full-dose SK at Lampang Hospital and Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital into early and delayed coronary intervention groups. The primary endpoints were 30-day and 6-month composite cardiovascular outcomes (death, rehospitalised with acute coronary syndrome, rehospitalised with heart failure and stroke). Results One hundred and sixty-two patients were included in our study. At the 30 days, composite cardiovascular outcomes were 4.9% in the early coronary intervention group and 2.5% in the delayed group (p=0.682). At the 6 months, the composite cardiovascular outcomes were 16.1% in the early group and 6.2% in the delayed group (p=0.054). Conclusions The delayed coronary intervention (>24 hours) in low to intermediate STEMI after successful therapy with SK did not increase in short and long-term cardiovascular events compared with an early coronary intervention. Trial registration number NCT02131103.
Towards compact swarm intelligence: a new compact firefly optimisation technique

Firefly Algorithm (FA) is a recent and promising swarm intelligence algorithm. It is inspired by the modelling of brightness and attractiveness manifested by fireflies. Like other population-based algorithms, it presents the drawbacks of high computational cost and memory storage. This paper deals with this problem and introduces a compact firefly optimisation technique with minimal computational and memory requirements. So, we present four new variants of compact firefly algorithm that require only a minimal computational cost. The swarm is compacted and represented by a Probability of Density Function (PDF). This idea is inspired from compact evolutionary algorithms (cEAs). Two solutions of memory storage of the population are presented and analysed. The first is based on normal PDF and the second on uniform PDF. Furthermore, two versions of compact Levy-flight firefly algorithm (cLFA) are also introduced. This paper takes a step towards new compact swarm intelligence algorithms. The proposed algorithms are compared to the state-of-art of cEAs and two original variants of FA using IEEE CEC2014 functions. In addition, the proposed algorithms are used to realise an optimal swing-up movement of a humanoid robot hanging on a bar.
Patterns for internationalization and cross-cultural usability

Enabling a software application to be used in different cultures can vastly increase its market. The patterns in this catalog lay the foundation to later localize the application. This catalog consists of the following patterns: Multi-Coded Instruction, Message Catalog, Input Example, Culturally and Environmentally Agnostic Persistence, Culture and Environment Aware Persistence, and Structure driven by Target Culture. Most of these patterns abstract from the implementation in a concrete programming language. Rather, they present proven solutions to higher-level issues. So they primarily address people in an architecture or user experience role. Another source for patterns on this topic is the "Internationalization" category of the Portland Pattern Repository's Wiki. The presentation of the patterns is similar to the style well known from [Alexander et al. 1977]. In part, these patterns are based upon other patterns. Typographic conventions for references to other patterns are also similar to [Alexander et al. 1977]. A Glossary provides thumbnails of many of these patterns and definitions of other terms used in this paper.
The implicit bias of gradient descent on nonseparable data

Gradient descent, when applied to the task of logistic regression, outputs iterates which are biased to follow a unique ray deﬁned by the data. The direction of this ray is the maximum margin predictor of a maximal linearly separable subset of the data; the gradient descent iterates converge to this ray in direction at the rate O ( lnln t / ln t ) . The ray does not pass through the origin in general, and its offset is the bounded global optimum of the risk over the remaining data; gradient descent recovers this offset at a rate O ( (ln t ) 2 / √ t ) .
What security features and crime prevention advice is communicated in consumer IoT device manuals and support pages?

Through the enhanced connectivity of physical devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) brings improved efficiency to the lives of consumers when on-the-go and in the home. However, it also introduces new potential security threats and risks. These include threats that range from the direct hacking of devicesthat could undermine the security, privacy and safety of its users, to the enslaving of IoT devices to commit cybercrime at scale, such as Denial of Service attacks. The IoT is recognised as being widely insecure, in large part, due to the lack of security features built into devices. Additionally, consumersdo not always actively use security features when available. More disconcerting is that we lack market surveillance on whether manufacturers ship products with good security features or how the importance of user-controlled security features is explained to IoT users. Our study seeks to address this gap. To do this, we compiled a database of 270 consumer IoT devices produced by 220 different manufacturers on sale at the time of the study. The user manuals and associated support pages for these devices were then analysed to provide a “consumer eye” view of the security features they provide and the cyber hygiene advice that is communicated to users. The security features identified were then mapped to the UK Government's Secure by Design Code of Practice for IoT devices to examine the extent to which devices currently on the market appear to conform to it. Our findings suggest that manufacturers provide too little publicly-available information about the security features of their devices which makes market surveillance challenging and provides consumers with little information about the security of devices prior to their purchase. On average, there was discussion of around four security features, with accountmanagement and software updates being the most frequently mentioned. Advice to consumers on cyber hygiene was also rarely provided. Finally, we found a lack of standardisation in the communication of security-related information for IoT devices among our sample. We argue for government intervention in this space to provide assurances around device security, whether this provided in a centralised ordecentralised manner.
Distribution of anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic profiles of women with polycystic ovary syndrome across the four regions of India

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine disorders encountered in women of reproductive age, is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Development of PCOS and its phenotypic expressions is influenced by genetic, ethnic and environmental factors. Due to the vast cultural diversity in our country, differences in the prevalence of MetS may exist across different regions. Aims and Objectives: To study the distribution of anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic profiles of women with PCOS across the four regions of India. Materials and Methods: A multicentric prospective study using data collected from four tertiary Assisted Reproductive Centres across four different regions of India was carried out between January 2017 and December 2017. A total of 651 women were diagnosed with PCOS, with 178 belonging to North, 209 to East, 115 to West and 149 to South India. A comparison of the metabolic and anthropometric profiles of women with PCOS was made across the four different ethnic regions of India. Statistical Analysis: Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney test and qualitative variables using the Chi-square test.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: North Indian women had the highest mean body mass index (BMI) – 27.53 ± 4.55 kg/m2 and a higher waist circumference (89.93 ± 14.53 cm) compared to women from South and West India (P = 0.0001). The prevalence of MetS (41.98%) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (37.04%) was also highest in North India followed by East India. PCOS women from East India were lean but had the highest waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) 0.9 ± 0.05 (P = 0.0001) and dyslipidemia. Using multivariate logistical regression analysis, age >25 years, BMI >25 kg/m2, and WHR >0.8 had a strong association with MetS. Conclusion: Prevalence of MetS is high among Indian PCOS women, with women from the North and East India having the worst metabolic profiles. IGT is the main driver for MetS.
Rigid Sigmoidoscopic Examination, an Investigation Down but Not Out: A 5-Year Single-Center Experience on 9418 Patients

ABSTRACT Background: Rigid sigmoidoscopy (RS) in the present era of flexible sigmoidoscopies is falling out of favor although it continues to be used in some centers as an outpatient (OP) department procedure. Aims: This study aims to determine the utility of RS for diagnosis of rectosigmoidal pathologies in the OP setting with emphasis on neoplastic lesions. Methods: We retrospectively studied the RS records and histopathology reports (HPRs) of 5 years (July 2013–June 2018) done in the Department of Gastroenterology at Medical College Calicut. Results: During the study period, 9418 RS examinations were done, and a total of 6921 abnormalities were picked up, giving a diagnostic yield of 73.5%. Most common indication was bleeding per rectum (PR) (51%), followed by constipation (29%). The most common lesion found was hemorrhoids 39.8% followed by proctitis 13.7%, neoplasms 9.7%, and others 10.3% while 26.5% studies were normal. HPRs showed 7.7% to be malignant, 5.8% were adenoma, 12.2% were inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (IBD UC), 2.2% were solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, 1.2% nonspecific colitis, 1.7% nonneoplastic polyps, 2.7% were normal, and 1.4% were inconclusive. Of the 4812 patients with complaints of bleeding PR, 4739 (98.5%) had a diagnosis after RS, of which hemorrhoids (72.7%) was the most common cause followed by proctitis (14.2%), neoplasm (9%), and others (4.1%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RS in detecting neoplasia was 98.2%, 96.8%, 66.1%, and 99.9%, respectively, when HPR was gold standard. RS was found to be effective for assessing activity in IBD UC. Conclusion: RS is a simple, cheap, and effective tool for diagnosing various rectosigmoid pathologies. RS can be used as an effective screening test for rectosigmoid pathologies, especially neoplasia and IBD UC.
Evaluation of different force magnitude to orthodontic microimplants on various cortical bone thickness – Three-dimensional finite element analysis

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine appropriate range of cortical bone thickness (CBT) to adequately support microimplants and optimum force magnitude on microimplants for minimal stress distribution. Settings and Design: Three-dimensional (3D) CAD models of the desired implant features and cylindrical bone piece of desired height and thickness were exported to FEA software, and variable load was applied on range of different CBT to determine the compressive radial stress and maximum failure load. Subjects and Methods: it is clearly said that CBT of various thickness which will represent human maxilla and mandibular bone. The force magnitudes ranging from 15 g to 150 g (in range of 15 g, 50 g, 85 g, and 150 g) were taken to simulate typical orthodontic forces loaded onto microimplant. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for windows Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software. For quantitative data analysis, ANOVA test was used. Results: For CBTs of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0 mm, the maximum force magnitudes that could be applied safely were 533.7, 551.7, 552.3, and 552.9, respectively. Even though there was no difference statistically, the amount of displacement for CBT 1.5–3.0 mm is comparatively less than for 0.5 mm. CBT value of 1.5–3.0 mm might be appropriate for microimplant stability. Conclusions: For the purpose of diminishing orthodontic microimplant failure, an optimal force that can be safely loaded onto a microimplant should not exceed a value of around 533–553 g. The CBT of 1.5–3.0 mm might be considered appropriate for the stability of microimplant.
Hemodynamic effects of low-dose bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the most common technique for cesarean section. The conventional local anesthetic dose has been decreasing over time to 8–12.5 mg of bupivacaine. Lower doses of bupivacaine may be associated with reduced incidence of hypotension and other complications. This low dose also may be associated with improved maternal cardiac index (CI). We hypothesized that low dose spinal anesthesia using 4.5 mg bupivacaine would result in improved maternal CI when compared with conventional dose (9 mg) intrathecal bupivacaine. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included all healthy parturients presenting for elective cesarean section. In addition to standard monitors, an arterial line was placed for pulse contour cardiac output measurement. Due to limited data on maternal cardiac output during cesarean section, we had to power our study on recovery room length of stay. Secondary outcomes included the change in maternal CI, fluid administration, vasopressor usage, maternal satisfaction, and adequacy of surgical blockade and recovery time from motor and sensory blockade. Results: The low dose group had significantly faster motor recovery times (132 [122–144] versus. 54 [48–66] min conventional versus. low-dose, respectively, P < 0.01), and a shorter recovery room stay (92 ± 21 vs 70 ± 11 min, conventional vs. low-dose, respectively, P < 0.01, 95% CI -35 to -10 min). There was no difference in CI between the conventional dose and low dose spinal groups. Both groups had a drop in CI with spinal anesthesia. The low-dose group demonstrated equivalent surgical anesthesia and block onset times compared to the conventional group. Conclusions: Low-dose spinal anesthesia provides adequate surgical anesthesia, improved recovery time, but no difference in maternal cardiac index when compared to conventional dose spinal anesthesia. NCT02046697
Extending the envelope of regenerative medicine in orthodontics by stem cells

Stem cell (SC) therapy has become a buzz word in several debilitating diseases in medicine. This rapidly evolving cutting-edge technology has slowly extended its tentacles in dentistry without sparing orthodontics. There are several conditions in orthodontics which are only being partly answered by human-engineered techniques. With the hope of getting a complete solution to several such problems, research in SC therapy has gained momentum in orthodontics for the past few decades. Electronic databases were searched for the material collection; language restriction was not followed. The following keywords were used: stem cell and orthodontics. The search was not limited to any particular type of study design. This review article describes various possible areas in orthodontia where SC therapy will and can be applied in future based on the evidence from a collection of several such studies conducted in those areas.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental practitioners regarding antibiotic prescribing for aggressive periodontitis in Morocco

Background: The use of systemic antibiotics in complement of the periodontal debridement in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis is supported by evidence published in the literature. The appropriate use of antibiotics allow to avoid practices that may enhance microbial resistance. Aims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of a population of dental practitioners in Morocco regarding antibiotics prescribing for patients with aggressive periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried among practitioners from cities of Casablanca, Rabat, Sale, Fez, Kenitra, and Temara from January to April 2016. The data collected were analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS version 13.0). Results: A total of 750 replies were received giving a response rate of 75%. Nearly 63.7% of the participants were female and 68% had <10 years' practice experience. The present study showed that dental practitioners had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use. The median score of knowledge was 3 (maximum possible score of 4). The results of attitudes and practices toward prescribing antibiotics were poor. Four hundred and twenty-two (67.5%) choose inappropriate dose of systemic metronidazole combined with amoxicillin. Gender, age, duration of practice, graduation, and continuing education in periodontology were significantly associated with the prescription of correct dose and duration of antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: This study lends support that scientific basis for prescribing antibiotics for aggressive periodontitis was not respected by the majority of the participants in this Moroccan population of dental practitioners. The attitude towards the prescription of antibiotics should therefore be modified. Also, it adds to the evidence the needed to designing periodontal national guidelines for studied dental practitioners.
Comparison study between nifedipine and progesterone as maintenance tocolysis after arrested preterm labor

Objective The aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of nifedipine and progesterone for maintenance tocolysis after arrested preterm labor and their perinatal outcomes. Background Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a 'major cause of death' and a significant cause of long-term loss of human potential. Maintenance tocolysis is continued tocolysis after arrested preterm labor to prevent the recurrence of preterm labor pains. Patients and methods A prospective randomized comparative clinical study was carried out on 66 pregnant women who had preterm labor (six cases lost to follow-up) and attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic at Menoufia Teaching Hospital during the period from March to August 2017. Detailed history, laboratory investigations, obstetric, and ultrasound follow-up study were performed. Results There was no significant difference (P > 0.5) between nifedipine and progesterone groups regarding maternal age and gestational age on admission (weeks), mode of delivery, and neonatal birth weight. However, there was a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) regarding mean blood pressure before and after treatment in nifedipine group. Moreover, there were less occurrences of neonatal respiratory distress and neonatal ICU admission in the nifedipine group. Additionally, onset of labor between 24 and 34 and between 34 and 37 weeks was significantly less frequent in progesterone group than in nifedipine group. Conclusion We found a superiority of progesterone over nifedipine for maintenance tocolysis. We would only comment that progesterone looks like a promising drug in this regard, and further large studies are required to establish this fact.