Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Does FDI Affect Performance at Home? An Activity-level Analysis for Japanese Electrical Machinery and Electronics Firms

Focusing on firms from the electrical machinery and electronics industry, this paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on home productivity using activity-level data rather than, as most previous studies have done, firm-level data. Distinguishing between horizontal and vertical FDI (HFDI and VFDI), it is argued that VFDI changes the activities that firms are engaged in at home after the relocation of production, altering firms' production function. This means that a direct comparison of productivity at the firm-level before and after the relocation of production is inappropriate. Instead, in order to assess the impact of FDI on home productivity, it is necessary to use activity-level data. Doing so, we obtain results that are consistent with theoretical predictions: HFDI does not necessarily have a significant positive effect on home productivity in activities that parallel those conducted by affiliates abroad. On the other hand, VFDI significantly enhances productivity in activities that have an input-output relationship with the activity relocated abroad.
QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN CAT SPINAL CORD WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION

Abstract— A method is described for quantifying the GABA distribution in cat spinal cord at 200–500 μn resolution. Isolated spinal cord (L5–S1) was frozen and sectioned at about 150 μm thickness. The frozen tissue section was cut into 200 or 500 μm square blocks. The GABA content of each square tissue block was determined by enzymic micromethods and GABA distribution was mapped quantitatively. Average GABA concentrations were: 0·4 mmol/l. in white matter, 1·2 mmol/l. in ventral horn and 1·7 mmol/l. in dorsal horn. The highest concentrations of GABA (2–3 mmol/l.) were found in the dorsolateral part of dorsal horn. In order to destroy the interneurons of dorsal horn, the blood vessels supplying the dorsal horn of the lumbar enlargement were unilaterally cauterized. Seven to 30 days after operation, both the size of dorsal root potential and the GABA level in the dorsal horn were markedly reduced on the cauterized side. These results suggest that GABA is highly concentrated in the interneurons of dorsal horn and functions as a transmitter of presynaptic inhibition.
Top Management Compositional Effects on Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Role of Perceived Technological Uncertainty

Because corporate entrepreneurship (CE) is central to firms' ability to compete, adapt, and perform in increasingly turbulent environments, there is a great interest in understanding its origins. To date, prior studies have overwhelmingly focused on the architectural factors�the structures, cultures, resources, and incentives�that shape entrepreneurial processes within organizations and the environmental conditions that stimulate entrepreneurial activity. However, some researchers have recently begun to argue that the requirements and challenges of CE fall most saliently on the shoulders of the firm's top management team. Focusing on various aspects of top managers' activities, roles, and processes, this line of research demonstrates the enabling role of top management teams in their firm's pursuit of CE. We extend this research by examining the impact of top management team composition in terms of human capital and social capital on CE. Additionally, because external environment perceptions within top teams shape their sociopolitical process and framing of the issues facing their firms, we submit that a team's level of perceived technological uncertainty moderates the impact of the team's human and social capital on CE. We find support for these arguments using multisource data from a sample of 99 high-technology firms. The discussion finally traces the implications of our theory and findings for research and managerial understanding on CE.
Using the Technological-Organizational-Environmental Framework to Evaluate ERP System Success

This paper presents empirical information on the influences of relevant factors on enterprise resource planning (ERP) system success in adopting organizations. We used the technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework or schema to guide our discourse. We collected data in a crosssectional field survey of 109 firms in two European countries i.e. Finland and Sweden. Using the partial least squares (PLS) technique, we tested six relevant hypotheses. Our study’s results confirmed four out of the six hypotheses formulated. Namely, System Quality (SQ), Information Quality (IQ), Organizational Structure (OS) were found to have positive relationships or influences on Individual Impacts (II), which in turn has a positive relationship with Organizational Impacts (OI). Stability (SB) and competition (CO) in the industry did not yield meaningful insights in our research model. We discussed the implications of our study’s findings for research and practice, and we also outlined future research directions. Keywords-Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems; ERP system success;technological-organizational-environmental schema
Low-temperature dynamics of the 2D spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet: A quantum Monte Carlo study.

We used a combination of quantum Monte Carlo technique and maximum entropy method to calculate the dynamic structure factor of the quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet. The dynamics is governed by renormalized damped spin waves and we calculate their frequencies and linewidths. The computed spin-wave dispersion is in quantitative agreement with inelastic neutron scattering experiments on La 2 CuO 4 . The low-energy sector exhibits scaling behavior with the characteristic frequency scale which is inversely proportional to the correlation length
CD30 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia as assessed by flow cytometry analysis

Abstract We assessed CD30 expression in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of either T-cell or B-cell lineage to examine the potential benefit of anti-CD30-targeted therapy in this group of patients. Bone marrow specimens of 34 patients with T- and 44 with B-ALL were assessed for CD30 expression by multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotyping analysis. Of these 78 patients, 75 (96%) were adults; and 63 (81%) had refractory/relapsed disease. Using an arbitrary 20% cut-off, 13/34 (38%) cases of T-ALL and 6/44 (13%) cases of B-ALL were considered to express CD30. In five patients with T-ALL with sequential bone marrow tested, increased CD30 expression was observed during the course of high-dose chemotherapy (p = 0.025). Philadelphia chromosome/BCR–ABL1 fusion was positive in 14/44 cases of B-ALL and 2/32 cases of T-ALL, which showed no significant correlation with CD30 expression. In summary, we detected CD30 expression in approximately one-third of patients with T-ALL, and less frequently in B-ALL (p = 0.017). In T-ALL, CD30 expression is up-regulated during high-dose chemotherapy. These data indicate that anti-CD30-targeted therapy may be a potential option for patients with T-ALL with refractory/relapsed disease.
Prevention and Treatment of Lethal Murine Endotoxemia by the Novel Immunomodulatory Agent MFP-14

ABSTRACT Multifunctional protein 14 (MFP-14) is a ubiquitous protein that inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Here, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality in mice was markedly reduced by MFP-14. The treatment also lowered LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the blood.
The Value of Winning in Motorsports: Sponsorship-linked Marketing

ABSTRACT Corporate sponsorship of events, especially sports, has become a commonplace marketing communications tool. Still at question in sponsorship-linked marketing programs is the economic value of the firm. Also largely unexamined in marketing research on sponsorship is the impact of participation outcomes. For example, is it more valuable to the firm to sponsor a winner, or is it simply participation and, thus, exposure that brings value to the firm? This study presents an analysis of the share-price impact of sponsoring the drivers in the Indianapolis 500 mile race to assess the value of motorsports victories and participation within a firm's sponsorship-linked marketing strategy. This approach allows the use of historical data in the analysis of the value of sponsorship. While the findings of the study suggest that autoracing sponsorships involving products that are not closely linked to the automotive industry probably offer little chance for increasing overall corporate valuations, sponsors with logical or matched ties to the consumer automotive industry registered statistically and economically significant gains in their share prices around the time of their sponsorship victories. ‘Win on Sunday, Sell on Monday-an old adage founded by Detroit's automakers, which has withstood the racing test of time. -Economaki, 1997
Temporal Changes in the Spatial Distribution of Venture Capital Investment to Biotechnology Companies within the United States.

The objective of this research is to investigate temporal changes in the spatial distribution of venture capital investments to biotechnology companies within the United States. Data included venture capital to biotech investments from 1995 to 2005. Venture capital and biotech data from the Money Tree Report, were gathered, analyzed, and mapped to show if a spatial relationship exists. The research examined venture capital investments at both the individual and the aggregated levels. At the individual level, the research examined whether the amount of investments a biotech company receives are influenced by physical distance to its closest investor, number of venture capitalists, time, region, sequence, company size, stage of development, etc. The research also included an aggregated study examining the changing patterns of investments in metropolitan areas. This research further enhances knowledge on the spatial distribution of investments.
Capital Market Consequences of Conference Presentations

Managerial presentations at conferences have become an increasingly important voluntary disclosure mechanism. Conference presentations differ from other types of voluntary disclosure in that they occur within a well-defined physical and social setting, which we refer to as the conference “milieu,” and they are not routinely tied to another major information event, such as a quarterly earnings release. We use a sample of 95,105 presentations, given at conferences sponsored by 849 different organizations, to examine the market reaction to conference presentations. We find that conference characteristics such as sponsor, location, size, and industry focus are significantly associated with the three-day stock return and trading volume reactions to presentations, consistent with the conference milieu affecting both managers’ incentives to disclose information and the information content stemming from the participants’ private information. We also find that these conference characteristics are associated with the impact of the presentations on long-term analyst and institutional investor following, consistent with the conference milieu affecting the pool of prospective investors for the firm.
Note: Kinetics of Chlamydia trachomatis Clearance in Patients With Azithromycin, as Assessed by First Void Urine Testing by PCR and Transcription‐Mediated Amplification

Methods: Test‐of‐cure of 19 patients with Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection was assessed by daily collection of first void urine for 7 days just after treatment by azithromycin single‐dose. Results: Detection by PCR and TMA of C. trachomatis showed a good correlation between both methods. The observation that post‐therapy chlamydial nucleic acid detection is associated to bacterial clearance suggests that all the patients were cured.
Low-cost, highly efficient, and tunable ultrafast laser technology based on directly diode-pumped Cr:Colquiriites

This doctoral project aims to develop robust, ultra low-cost ($5,000-20,000), highly-efficient, and tunable femtosecond laser technology based on diode-pumped Cr:Colquiriite gain media (Cr:LiCAF, Cr3+:LiSAF and Cr:LiSGaF). By using inexpensive single-mode diodes ($150) as the pump source, we have obtained continuous-wave (cw) output powers >250-mW with slope efficiencies >50%. Record cw tuning ranges were demonstrated for Cr:LiSAF (775-1042 nm), Cr:LiSGaF (777-977 nm), and Cr:LiCAF (754-871 nm). For femtosecond pulse generation, semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs/SBRs) were developed, which were used to initiate and sustain mode-locking. Typical performance was ~25-100 fs pulses, with an optical spectrum in the 770-920 nm range, with ~1-2 nJ of pulse energies from ~100-MHz repetition rate cavities. Record electrical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of ~10% were demonstrated in the cw mode-locked regime. A mode-locked tuning range of 767-817 nm, with ~130-fs long pulses was obtained by using Cr:LiCAF as gain medium. With the Cr:LiSAF gain medium, using regular SESAMs/SBRs centered around 800 nm, 850 nm, and 910 nm, mode-locked tuning ranges of 803-831 nm, 828-873 nm, and 890-923 nm were demonstrated, respectively. By using a broadband oxidized SESAM/SBR, a record tuning range of 800-905 nm was demonstrated with ~150-fs long pulses. Using an extended cavity Cr:LiCAF laser, pulse energies >15-nJ with peak powers exceeding 100-kW were obtained. We performed the first cavity-dumping experiments with a Cr:Colquiriite laser and demonstrated pulse energies >100-nJ, and peak powers approaching MW level, at repetition rates up to 50-kHz. Cr:LiCAF gain media were also pumped by single-emitter multimode diodes, where we obtained >2-W output power in cw operation, and ~100-fs pulses with 390-mW of average power at a repetition rate of 140 MHz in cw mode-locked operation. As an example application area for this low cost technology, we performed multiphoton microcopy experiments with a single-mode diode-pumped Cr:LiCAF laser. We also performed attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization experiments of the femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser, and measured a record-low upper limit for the integrated timing jitter of the Cr:LiSAF laser (137-attoseconds in 10 kHz-10 MHz range).
Birth weight standards in the live-born population in Israel.

BACKGROUND Lacking curves of "intrauterine" growth, most birthing centers in Israel use United States or Canadian based curves as standards. OBJECTIVE To establish population-based standards of birth weight of live-born infants in Israel. METHODS Data on birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the registries of the Israel Ministry of Health and Ministry of the Interior, During the 9 year study period there were 1,074,122 infants delivered in Israel; 787,710 (73%) were included in this analysis. RESULTS In this study we provide data of birth weight by gestational age of live infants born in Israel between 1993 and 2001. Ranges of birth weight by gestational age are also depicted for singleton and multiple pregnancies. Fetuses in multiple pregnancies grow in a similar manner to singletons until 30 weeks of gestation, after which their growth slows down. CONCLUSIONS Use of these data as a standard for "intrauterine" growth better represents the Israeli neonatal population than the North American standards. In addition, curves of multiple pregnancies are significantly different from those of singleton pregnancies and might be more appropriate in these pregnancies.
Effects of Nicotine on Alcohol Drinking in Female Mice Selectively Bred for High or Low Alcohol Preference

BACKGROUND Studies show that repeated nicotine use associates with high alcohol consumption in humans and that nicotine exposure sometimes increases alcohol consumption in animal models. However, the relative roles of genetic predisposition to high alcohol consumption, the alcohol drinking patterns, and the timing of nicotine exposure both with respect to alcohol drinking and developmental stage remain unclear. The studies here manipulated all these variables, using mice selectively bred for differences in free-choice (FC) alcohol consumption to elucidate the role of genetics and nicotine exposure in alcohol consumption behaviors. METHODS In Experiments 1 and 2, we assessed the effects of repeated nicotine (0, 0.5, or 1.5 mg/kg) injections immediately before binge-like (drinking-in-the-dark; Experiment 1) or during FC alcohol access (Experiment 2) on these alcohol drinking behaviors (immediately after injections and during re-exposure to alcohol access 14 days later) in adult high- (HAP2) and low-alcohol-preferring (LAP2) female mice (co-exposure model). In Experiments 3 and 4, we assessed the effects of repeated nicotine (0, 0.5, or 1.5 mg/kg) injections 14 days prior to binge-like and FC alcohol access on these alcohol drinking behaviors in adolescent HAP2 and LAP2 female mice (Experiment 3) or adult HAP2 female mice (Experiment 4). RESULTS In Experiment 1, we found that repeated nicotine (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) and alcohol co-exposure significantly increased binge-like drinking behavior in HAP2 but not LAP2 mice during the re-exposure phase after a 14-day abstinence period. In Experiment 2, 1.5 mg/kg nicotine injections significantly reduced FC alcohol intake and preference in the third hour postinjection in HAP2 but not LAP2 mice. No significant effects of nicotine treatment on binge-like or FC alcohol drinking were observed in Experiments 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the temporal parameters of nicotine and alcohol exposure, pattern of alcohol access, and genetic predisposition for alcohol preference influence nicotine's effects on alcohol consumption. These findings in selectively bred mice suggest that humans with a genetic history of alcohol use disorders may be more vulnerable to develop nicotine and alcohol co-use disorders.
Technology and the New Diplomacy: The Creation and Control of Ec Industrial Policy for Semiconductors

Part 1 Introduction: why semiconductors? technology and technological change the new diplomacy - an introduction survey of the argument. Part 2 Perspectives and tools: setting the scene the EC perspective the firm perspective the international system perspective the theoretical agenda. Part 3 Government and industry - the early years: the development of semiconductor technology the commercial development of the semiconductor industry the loss of European competitiveness in semiconductor production the post-champion nature of the European based semiconductor industry. Part 4 EC governance and policies for semiconductors: the development of EC policy for semiconductors the firm-Commission bargain why target electronics? towards an understanding of European chip policy EC involvement in research and development policy partnerships - the liberal policy mask the interventionist consensus EC strategic targeting of electronics intra-Commission rivalries in the creation of electronics policy the main policy actor for electronics policy and competitiveness. Part 5 Firm strategy and European collaboration: corporate collaboration corporate technology policy JESSI - a study in chip collaboration JESSI - the private sector participant perspective JESSI - a self-evaluation the restructuring of JESSI JESSI - critical conclusions Eureka/JESSI as frameworks for inter-firm collaboration corporate motives for European collaboration - an assessment. Part 6 Power and policy in the international system: government-industry collaboration in the United States SEMATECH - the domestic partnership government-industry collaboration in Japan - the VLSI project international semiconductor trade policies and their impact on EC policy direction. Part 7 Conclusions: the creation of EC semiconductor policy the control of EC semiconductor policy some consequences of EC semiconductor policy a neofunctionalist rationale for policy partnership implications for theory.
The Origin of the Integrative Systems: A Change in View Derived from Research on Coelenterates and Sponges

Can speculation about the evolutionary origin of the nervous system have any valile? That we may never know exactly by what route the beliaviour machinery of thefirst Metazoa was derived L· only too probable, and the past hutory of such speculations does not encourage one to suppose that today will be enduring. But so long as we are careful not to confuse that which is speculative with that which is true, they can have a real if limited value. They encourage usfrom lime to time to reconsider the capabilities ofsimple systems in the light of contemporary knowledge. [Pantin 1956]
Corporate Governance and Corporate Risk Taking: Theory and Evidence

This paper examines the relationship between investor protection and corporate insiders' incentive to take value-enhancing risks. In a poor investor protection environment corporations are often run by entrenched insiders who appropriate considerable corporate resources as personal benefits. When these private benefits are large, insiders may undertake sub-optimally conservative investment decisions to preserve them. Better investor protection reduces these private benefits and may therefore induce riskier but value enhancing investment policy. Such a relationship can also result from risk-averse behavior on the part of dominant shareholders with undiversified exposure in their own firms, which is again more prevalent in countries with poorer investor protection. If prominent non-equity stakeholders such as banks, labor unions or the government can influence corporate investment, and their influence is decreasing in investor protection, that can also give rise to a positive relationship between investor protection and investment risk. We test these predictions using a large cross-country panel. We find strong empirical confirmation that corporate risk-taking and firm growth rates are positively related to the quality of investor protection. On the other hand, the data do not lead to consistent evidence for the alternative channels.