Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Unemployment Insurance with Hidden Trade

This paper studies the optimal design of unemployment insurance in an environment where the insurance agency could monitor neither the searching efiorts nor the asset holding of an unemployed worker. Previous results with no hidden trade violate the Euler equation of a worker and thus can not be implementable if he has private access to asset market. We abandon the traditional flrst-order approach and solve the incentive problem directly. With CARA utility functions, we obtain the optimal contract in closed form. We flnd that, counter-intuitively, an unemployed worker's consumption will decline faster than that implied by Hopenhayn and Nicolini (1997).
Modelling dynamics and uncertainty in assessment of quality standards for fine particulate matters

Summary: In order to assess compliance with air quality sta ndards, European regulations prescribe to monitoring the concentrati on of particulate matters and to control both annual and daily averages. The measure ment accuracy varies according to monitor type, temperature and polluti on level, often in a complex nonlinear manner. Consequently, comparisons, thresh old exceedances interpretation and compliance assessment are often difficult. In this paper, we consider the displaced dynamical calibration (DDC) model which is able to calibrate biased readings by using displ aced data obtained by reference instruments. Moreover, we discuss the uncertainty o f annual averages of daily concentrations. An application to the Northern Ital y air quality network allows us to draw some empirical conclusions.
Behavioral persistence in captive bears: a response to Criswell and Galbreath

bears in Year 2. Both years' data are presented in Vickery and Mason (2005). In addition, the properties of all 29 bears' stereotypies were analyzed for effects of time in captivity, sex, and species (presented briefly in Vickery and Mason [2003], and more fully in Vickery and Mason [2004]). It is well recognized that the stereotypies (repetitive, invariant and seemingly functionless forms of abnormal
Mass Concentration Gradient Of Aerosol Across Selected States In Northwestern Nigeria

A study of the mass concentration of aerosol across four selected states in Northwestern Nigeria during 2014 harmattan season has been conducted. The region which is located within latitude 10° and 14°N and longitude 2° and 8°E has a wide spatial variation in the mass concentration of aerosol. The mass concentrations of aerosol were observed to decrease as their distance from the dust source increases. In addition, it was observed that the mass concentration gradient of aerosol tends to be higher in the East-west direction with 9.36 per degree than in the Northsouth direction with 8.88 per degree. The intensity of solar radiation during the study period was also observed to be affected by the mass concentration of aerosol.
Sero-molecular evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among HIV-positive patients.

BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common comorbidities in HIV-positive patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes below 200 cells/μl. Early diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis reduces the mortality rate in HIV-positive people. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-positive patients in northwest Iran using serological and molecular methods. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study included 124 HIV-positive outpatients and was conducted from January to May 2016. Anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies were detected from sera samples by chemiluminescence, while buffy coat samples were analyzed by RT-PCR for DNA detection. Patients' socioepidemiological data were collected. RESULTS Using chemiluminescence, 47/124 samples (37.9%) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies, 2/124 samples (1.62%) were positive for IgM antibodies while 2/124 samples (1.62%) contained both IgM and IgG. There were no IgM-positive or IgG-negative patients. RT-PCR revealed four (3.22%) positive samples. On the basis of the results, a statistically significant relationship was found between anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody seropositivity and residence (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS The study showed a relatively low seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in HIV-positive patients in northwest Iran, while the prevalence was much higher in other regions of Iran. However, regular screening for T. gondii antibodies and early initiation of therapy are very important to decrease the mortality rate in HIV-positive patients.
The osseous external auditory canal

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An Ordered Ni6‐Ring Superstructure Enables a Highly Stable Sodium Oxide Cathode

Sodium‐based layered oxides are among the leading cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries, toward potential grid energy storage, having large specific capacity, good ionic conductivity, and feasible synthesis. Despite their excellent prospects, the performance of layered intercalation materials is affected by both a phase transition induced by the gliding of the transition metal slabs and air‐exposure degradation within the Na layers. Here, this problem is significantly mitigated by selecting two ions with very different MO bond energies to construct a highly ordered Ni6‐ring superstructure within the transition metal layers in a model compound (NaNi2/3Sb1/3O2). By virtue of substitution of 1/3 nickel with antimony in NaNiO2, the existence of these ordered Ni6‐rings with super‐exchange interaction to form a symmetric atomic configuration and degenerate electronic orbital in layered oxides can not only largely enhance their air stability and thermal stability, but also increase the redox potential and simplify the phase‐transition process during battery cycling. The findings reveal that the ordered Ni6‐ring superstructure is beneficial for constructing highly stable layered cathodes and calls for new paradigms for better design of layered materials.
Current knowledge and future perspectives on acute hepatitis C 1

1.Dept of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 2. Dept 5 of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 3. NIHR 6 Biomedical Research Unit in Gastroenterology and the Liver, University of Nottingham, 7 Nottingham, UK 4. Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France 5. Cluster Infectious Diseases, 8 Dept of Research, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 6. Dept of Infectious 9 Diseases, CINIMA, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 7. NDM and 10 Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 8. Dept of Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz 11 Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey 9. Dept of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, 12 Germany. On behalf of the European Study Group of Viral Hepatitis10. (ESGVH). 13
The Role of Physical Activity and Inflammation for Mortality, Cognition, and Depressive Symptoms in older Mexican Americans.

Higher physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased risk of mortality, dementia and depression, yet the mechanisms are not well understood and little evidence exists for Mexican Americans. We used Cox proportional regression to separately evaluate associations of baseline PA level with mortality, dementia/cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) and depressive symptoms, and estimated mediating effects of inflammatory markers in additive hazard models from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging study (1998-2007). Low levels of PA (<35 MET-hour/week) was associated with increased mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] =1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.88), dementia/CIND (HR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.96-1.96), and depressive symptoms (HR= 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.52). Low levels of PA added 512 (95% CI: -34, 1058) of dementia/CIND per 100 000 person-years (direct effect), while through a mediating path interleukins 6 (IL-6) added another 49 (95% CI: 5, 94) cases, or 9% of the total effect. For mortality, 8-10% of the PA total effect was mediated through IL-6, tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α) or TNF-α receptors. None of the inflammatory markers mediated the association between PA and depressive symptoms. Our results suggest anti-inflammation (especially measures of IL-6 and TNF- α) may partly explain how PA protects against dementia/CIND and mortality.
The effect of minority status and social context on the development of depression and anxiety: a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican descent youth

Few longitudinal studies have explored to date whether minority status in disadvantaged neighborhoods conveys risk for negative mental health outcomes, and the mechanisms possibly leading to such risk. We investigated how minority status influences four developmental mental health outcomes in an ethnically homogeneous sample of Puerto Rican youth. We tested models of risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive and anxiety symptoms (DAS), and psychological distress, as Puerto Rican youth (aged 5‐13 years) transitioned to early adulthood (15‐29 years) in two sites, one where they grew up as a majority (the island of Puerto Rico), and another where they were part of a minority group (South Bronx, New York). At baseline, a stratified sample of 2,491 Puerto Rican youth participated from the two sites. After baseline assessment (Wave 1), each youth participant and one caregiver were assessed annually for two years, for a total of three time points (Waves 1‐3). From April 2013 to August 2017, participants were contacted for a Wave 4 interview, and a total of 2,004 young people aged 15 to 29 years participated in the assessment (response rate adjusted for eligibility = 82.8%). Using a quasi‐experimental design, we assessed impacts of minority status on MDD, GAD, DAS and psychological distress. Via mediation analyses, we explored potential mechanisms underlying the observed relationships. Data from 1,863 Puerto Rican youth (after exclusion of those with MDD or GAD during Waves 1‐3) indicated links between minority status and higher rates of lifetime and past‐year GAD, DAS and past 30‐day psychological distress at Wave 4, and a marginal trend for MDD, even after adjustments. Childhood social support and peer relationships partially explained the differences, as did intercultural conflict, neighborhood discrimination, and unfair treatment in young adulthood. The experience of growing up as a minority, as defined by context, seemingly elevates psychiatric risks, with differences in social relationships and increased social stress as mediators of this relationship. Our findings suggest that interventions at the neighborhood context rather than at the individual level might be important levers to reduce risks for the development of mood disorders in minority youth.
Presence of [His(7)]-corazonin in the central nervous system of a newly isolated albino strain of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera : Acrididae) - mass spectrometric and immunocytochemical evidence

An inbred strain of a newly isolated spontaneous albino mutant of Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) was examined for the presence of the neuropeptide [His7]-corazonin by immunocytochemical and mass spectrometric methods. It was concluded that this peptide is definitely present in a limited number of neurosecretory cells in the pars lateralis as well as in the corpora cardiaca (CC). Injection of either synthetic [His7]-corazonin or of extracts of CC of the normal coloured phenotype of S. gregaria failed to induce darkening of the cuticle, while albino Locusta migratoria, used as a positive control, turned dark. The conclusion is that the cause of albinism in the new S. gregaria albino is probably due to a defect in the receptor system for [His7]-corazonin or in the biosynthetic pathway of melanin.
Dissolved organic carbon lability increases with water residence time in the alluvial aquifer of a river fl oodplain ecosystem

We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) lability and composition throughout the alluvial aquifer of the 16 km Nyack Floodplain in northwest Montana, USA. Water influx to the aquifer derives almost exclusively from the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, and water residence times within the aquifer range from days to months. Across seasons and channel discharge conditions, we measured DOC concentration, lability, and optical properties of aquifer water sampled from 12 wells, both near and ~3m below the water table. Concentrations of DOC were typically low (542±22.7μgL ; mean± se), and the percentage of labile DOC averaged 18±12% during 3day laboratory assays. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices revealed two humic-like and two amino acid-like fluorescence groups. Total DOC, humic-like components, and specific UV absorbance decreased with water residence time, consistent with sorption to aquifer sediments. However, labile DOC (both concentration and fraction) increased with water residence time, suggesting a concurrent influx or production of labile DOC. Thus, although the carbon-poor, oxygen-rich aquifer is a net sink for DOC, recalcitrant DOC appears to be replacedwithmore labile DOC along aquifer flow paths. Our observation of DOC production in long flow paths contrasts with studies of hyporheic DOC consumption along short (centimeters to meters) flow paths and highlights the importance of understanding the role of labile organic matter production and/or influx in alluvial aquifer carbon cycling.
Integral Study of Atrazine Behaviour in Field Lysimeters in Argentinean Humid Pampas Soils

Atrazine behavior during crop maize (Zea mays L.) production in soils of Argentine humid pampas was investigated. Lysimeters (3.3 x 3.3 x 1.4 m) with a Typic Argiudoll (Pergamino) and others with a Typic Hapludoll (Junin) were monitored for drainage water content and atrazine concentrations in soil and water. Soil profiles were sampled in four depths in three dates, and water drainage pooled in four periods. Most of atrazine loss in drainage occurred within 30 d of atrazine application being 0.13% and 0.03% of the total atrazine applied for Pergamino and Junin, respectively. Under laboratory conditions half-life average in both profiles was 16 d. Atrazine extractable residues (AER) in lysimeters showed differences in quantity and distribution between both profiles. Extractable residues were 25.7 (Pergamino) and 69.4 g ha -1 (Junin). At the 30 th day of application, AER represented 25% of total AER in Junin and 88% in Pergamino in the first 30 cm. Occurrence of preferential flow through the B t horizon (Pergamino) may explain differences detected. High proportion of AER in Junin profile suggests low atrazine affinity and should be followed through time in order to evaluate actual stability of these residues and if they constitute a potential risk for aquifers.
The Comparative Study of Kangaroo Mother Care in Hospital and at Home

Background: All stable low birth weight newborns are eligible for Kangaroo Care. It can help to regulate vital signs, improve breastfeeding, and enhance infant and mother's sleep. Objective: The aim of present work was to evaluate the possible changes in temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, breast- feeding, sleeping rate, and attachment of mother and infant after the application of KMC. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed in 60 LBW neonates with birth weight≤ 2 kg . They were selected from four hospitals. The infants neither had cardiovascular or pulmonary problems nor physical anomalies. The subjects were randomized into three equal groups, one intervention group (KMC-20) received KMC in hospital, and the other (KMC-20) received KMC at home. The control group(CMC-20) received conventional care. KMC groups received Kangaroo Mother Care for at least 6 hours per day in 6 consecutive days under nurses' supervision and the control group received standard care with an incubator care system at hospitals. Results: The results showed breathing rate, Heart rate, temperature and Sleeping time in study groups had significant dif - ferences( p<0.001)and for all the above variables the mean of the study groups were more than the control group, Also the result showed nutrition rate in study groups had significant statistical differences after applying KMC ( p<0.001)and regarding mother and infant attachment , comparing these three groups showed significant differences( p<0.05) and there are significant differences between the three groups. Conclusions: From the result of present work one can conclude that KMC care is more efficient. The present study has important implications in case of LBW in developing countries, where expensive facilities for conventional care may not be available and where a neonate is kept in the hospital just because of LBW.
Local velocity field from sosie galaxies ? I. The Peebles' model

Pratton et al. (1997) showed that the velocity field around clusters could generate an apparent distortion that appears as tangential structures or radial filaments. In the present paper we determine the parameters of the Peebles' model (1976) describing infall of galaxies onto clusters with the aim of testing quantitatively the amplitude of this distortion. The distances are determined from the concept of sosie galaxies (Paturel 1984) using 21 calibrators for which the distances were recently calculated from two independent Cepheid calibrations. We use both B and I-band magnitudes. The Spaenhauer diagram method is used to correct for the Malmquist bias. We give the equations for the construction of this diagram. We analyze the apparent Hubble constant in dierent regions around Virgo and obtain simultaneously the Local Group infall and the unperturbed Hubble constant. We found:
Determinants of Counterfeit Purchase: A Study on Young Consumers of India

Counterfeit trade is not a new phenomenon. This multi-billion dollar industry is significantly affecting an ever-wider range of goods and markets of branded products. The present study offers insights into non-deceptive counterfeiting by focusing on young consumers of India. Structural Equation Modeling technique was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Data of 304 young consumers confirmed that intentions to buy counterfeited products are dependent on the consumer’s attitude. The attitude was highly influenced by price-quality inference, perceived risk and product attributes. The paper reinforces the mediator role of attitude in the relationship between these antecedents and behavioral intentions.
Speech‐in‐noise understanding in older age: The role of inhibitory cortical responses

Studies of central auditory processing underlying speech‐in‐noise (SIN) recognition in aging have mainly concerned the degrading neural representation of speech sound in the auditory brainstem and cortex. Less attention has been paid to the aging‐related decline of inhibitory function, which reduces the ability to suppress distraction from irrelevant sensory input. In a response suppression paradigm, young and older adults listened to sequences of three short sounds during MEG recording. The amplitudes of the cortical P30 response and the 40‐Hz transient gamma response were compared with age, hearing loss and SIN performance. Sensory gating, indicated by the P30 amplitude ratio between the last and the first responses, was reduced in older compared to young listeners. Sensory gating was correlated with age in the older adults but not with hearing loss nor with SIN understanding. The transient gamma response expressed less response suppression. However, the gamma amplitude increased with age and SIN loss. Comparisons of linear multi‐variable modeling showed a stronger brain–behavior relationship between the gamma amplitude and SIN performance than between gamma and age or hearing loss. The findings support the hypothesis that aging‐related changes in the balance between inhibitory and excitatory neural mechanisms modify the generation of gamma oscillations, which impacts on perceptual binding and consequently on SIN understanding abilities. In conclusion, SIN recognition in older age is less affected by central auditory processing at the level of sensation, indicated by sensory gating, but is strongly affected at the level of perceptual organization, indicated by the correlation with the gamma responses.
Childhood Maltreatment, Cortical and Amygdala Morphometry, Functional Connectivity, Laterality, and Psychopathology

Child maltreatment (CM) is the most important preventable risk factor for psychopathology and there is a pressing need to understand how CM gets ‘under the skin’ to markedly increase risk in some individuals as well as a comparable effort to identify factors associated with better than expected outcomes in other individuals. This special issue of Child Maltreatment provides a series of sophisticated studies on the neurobiological impact of CM, of which we have chosen 4 articles to comment on.The articles by Oshri et al., and Peveril, Sheridan, Busso & McLaughlin are amygdala centric and provide important new information on the impact of CM on the morphology and functional connectivity of this highly stress susceptible structure. The article by Demers et al., presents data from a longitudinal study that illustrates the potentially disruptive effects of CM on the association between maternal relationship quality, frontal cortical development and symptomatology. Finally, the De Bellis et al., study addresses the pressing question, which we have labeled the ‘ecophenotype hypothesis’, that postulates that maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary DSM diagnosis are clinically and neurobiologically distinct, and provides new evidence for a specific prefrontal cortical neurobiological abnormality in the maltreated subtype.
Temporal, Perspectives, Dispositional Styles, and Subjective Well-Being

This study investigated the relationship between time perspective (TP) and the personality dispositions of optimism, pessimism, and realism with regard to their proposed influence on three measures that collectively assessed subjective well-being (SWB). The Depression-Happiness Scale (McGreal & Joseph, 1993) assessed happiness or the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect, the cognitiveaffective components of SWB. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) provided the measurement of subjective life satisfaction, the essential final cognitive-judgmental component of SWB. The Life Orientation Scale-Revised (LOT-R) (Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, 1994) and a Reality Scale, composed by the author, assessed the dispositional styles. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPTI) (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) assessed TP. Five temporal perspectives were found. Results indicated that the TPs emerged as strong and unique predictors of SWB in regression analysis. An optimal temporal profile was found that consisted of a combination of Present-Hedonistic, Future, and Past-Positive TP characteristics.