Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE MEDICINA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM MEDICINA: CIÊNCIAS MÉDICAS

Introduction: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Inflammatory processes may play a significant role at the pathophysiology of AD. Neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Although, it is unknown what is the real contribution of these inflammatory markers in the development of AD. Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess the possibly relationship between inflammatory markers in CSF of amnestic MCI subjects, with sixty years or older, and compare to aged healthy controls. Methods: We examined concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at CSF of amnestic MCI subjects and controls by ELISA. MCI diagnoses were based on anamnesis and Petersen criteria, corroborated by CDR. To assess the cognitive function the word list memory test and word recognition of CERAD and Clock Drawing Test were applied to subjects, and to evaluated depression symptoms the GDS was used. Results: This study demonstrated significant diminish in the levels of IL-1β (13.735 vs 22.932 pg/mL; p <0.001) and TNF-α (1.913 vs 2.627 pg/mL; p: 0.002), but not IL-6 (1.913 vs 2.627 pg/mL; p: 0.002), between cases and controls. Individuals with IL-1β < 17 pg/mL were at a 7.2 (CI: 1.5-36; p: 0.016) increased odds of aMCI. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between IL-1β and the CERAD word list score (rs: 0.299; p: 0.046). The linear regression analysis showed that IL-1β levels can explain 13.7% (β: 24.545; p: 0.012) of the variance on this CERAD subscore, suggesting a direct linear dependence. Conclusion: Neuroinflamation mediated by IL-1β and TNF-α may play an important role in preventing aMCI.
Invading Nova Scotia: first records of Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 and four more non-indigenous invertebrates in 2012 and 2013

Research and monitoring efforts led to the discovery of four new non-indigenous tunicates and one new non-indigenous anemone in Nova Scotia in 2012 and 2013. In this report, we summarize and interpret the circumstances leading up to and actions taken following the first Nova Scotian records of the high impact invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 as well as the tunicates Styela clava Herdman, 1881, Ascidiella aspersa (Muller, 1776), and Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) and the anemone Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869). While dockside research and monitoring were responsible for detections of four species, the possibility that Didemnum vexillum was present was first reported by a member of the public, through Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Aquatic Invasive Species Monitoring program.
Effectiveness and Safety of Cytoreduction Surgery in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Initial Experience at a University General Hospital

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the initial efficiency and security of maximal effort cytoreductive surgery in stages III and IV of ovarian cancer at a university hospital. Methods: Thirty-four patients with stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma underwent surgery between January 2013 and June 2014 in the University General Hospital of Castellon (Spain). Patients with primary and relapse ovarian cancer were included. The extent of disease, type of surgical technique, amount of tumor prior to surgery and amount of residual disease after surgery were recorded. To quantify the efficiency and the security of the procedure, the complete cytoreduction and the morbidity and the mortality rates were described. Results: Of the patients 26.4% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Complete cytoreductive surgery, without evident residual tumor at the end of the procedure, was obtained in 79% of patients and optimal cytoreductive surgery (CC0-CC1) in 91%. Surgical complications were found in 56% of patients and two deaths (6%) occurred attributable to surgery. The disease free interval was 15 months. Conclusions: This study confirms that with experienced multidisciplinary teams and in tertiary referral hospitals, 79% of complete cytoreduction surgery in advanced ovarian cancer can be achieved but they must be prepared to deal with a high rate of complications. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2015;4(3):251-257 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jcgo345w
Identification of the tropical tropopause transition layer using the ozone‐water vapor relationship

We present a method of identifying the tropical tropopause transition layer (TTL) using chemical tracer‐tracer relationships. Coincident ozone (O3) and water vapor (H2O) measurements over Alajuela, Costa Rica (~10°N), in July and August 2007 are used to demonstrate the concept. In the tracer‐tracer space, the O3 and H2O relationship helps to separate the transition layer air mass from the background troposphere and stratosphere. This tracer relationship‐based transition layer is found to span an approximately 40 K potential temperature range between 340 and 380 K and is largely confined between the level of minimum stability (LMS) and the cold point tropopause (CPT). This chemical composition‐based transition layer is, therefore, consistent with a definition of the TTL based on the thermal structure, for which the LMS and CPT are the lower and upper boundaries of TTL, respectively. We also examine the transition layer over the region of Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone using the measurements over Kunming, China (~25°N), and compare its behavior with the TTL structure in the deep tropics. The comparison shows that the transition layer over the ASM is similar to the TTL, although the data suggest the ASM transition layer lies at higher potential temperature levels and is potentially prone to the influence of extratropical processes.
Complexes of functionalized quantum dots and chlorin e6 in photodynamic therapy

Recently, it has been suggested that quantum dots (QDs) could be used in the photodynamic therapy of cancer as resonance energy donors for conventional porphyrin type photosensitizers. Here we present the results of the spectroscopic studies on the formation of a non-covalent complex between QDs and photosensitizer chlorin Ce 6 in an aqueous medium and in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of QDs and Ce 6 revealed the formation of a QD-Ce 6 complex which occurs due to hydrophobic interaction between the nonpolar moiety of an amphiphilic photosensitizer and the hydrophobic part of the lipid-based coating of the QD. The photosensitizer conjugated with the QD could be indirectly excited by the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the QD to Ce 6 . The investigation on the capacity of such complex to generate 1 O 2 showed that the QD-Ce 6 complex irradiated by visible light is able to produce 1 O 2 more efficiently than QDs or Ce 6 taken separately. The photoinactivation of cells incubated with the QD-Ce 6 complex and irradiated in the spectral region where the photosensitizer does not absorb provided evidence that such complex could induce FRET-mediated cell destruction.
PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE ORION OMC1 REGION IMAGED WITH ALMA

We present ALMA observations of the Orion Nebula that cover the OMC1 outflow region. Our focus in this paper is on compact emission from protoplanetary disks. We mosaicked a field containing ∼600 near-IR-identified young stars, around which we can search for sub-millimeter emission tracing dusty disks. Approximately 100 sources are known proplyds identified with the Hubble Space Telescope. We detect continuum emission at 1 mm wavelengths toward ∼20% of the proplyd sample, and ∼8% of the larger sample of near-IR objects. The noise in our maps allows 4σ detection of objects brighter than ∼1.5 mJy, corresponding to protoplanetary disk masses larger than 1.5 MJ (using standard assumptions about dust opacities and gas-to-dust ratios). None of these disks are detected in contemporaneous CO(2-1) or C18O(2-1) observations, suggesting that the gas-to-dust ratios may be substantially smaller than the canonical value of 100. Furthermore, since dust grains may already be sequestered in large bodies in Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) disks, the inferred masses of disk solids may be underestimated. Our results suggest that the distribution of disk masses in this region is compatible with the detection rate of massive planets around M dwarfs, which are the dominant stellar constituent in the ONC.
The Influence of Intention to Use the Mobile Banking - The Privacy Mechanism Perspective

With the rapid development in digital and mobile technologies, banks or other financial institutions have provided various mobile banking solutions or services to their customers for enabling mobile commerce. However, there is always a trade-off between convenience and security for people to decide whether they adopt mobile banking services or not. In the mobile age, people are concerned for transaction security and information privacy immensely. Accordingly, how to provide the secured financial services to their customers become more important for a bank. Survey research method is imported to understand how the privacy mechanism, including privacy policy and privacy empowerment, influences the adaption of mobile banking. Based on a survey of 425 participants, we used a structural equation modeling approach to investigate the research model. The results indicate that privacy mechanisms are matter for people to concern about the privacy of their personal information and their intention to use mobile banking. In other words, we found that privacy empowerment is significant which in turn led customers to be more likely to adopt mobile banking.
Supported Gold Nanoparticles from Quantum Dot to Mesoscopic Size Scale: Effect of Electronic and Structural Properties on Catalytic Hydrogenation of Conjugated Functional Groups

Titania- and zirconia-supported gold particles of 1−5 nm size, prepared by various routes of synthesis, were employed in the partial hydrogenation of acrolein. In-depth characterization of their structural and electronic properties by electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and optical absorption spectroscopy aimed at disclosing the nature of the active sites controlling the hydrogenation of CO vs CC bonds. The structural characteristics of the catalysts, as mean particle size, size distribution, and dispersion, distinctly depend on the synthesis applied and the oxide support used whereby the highest gold dispersion (DAu = 0.78, Au/TiO2) results from a modified sol−gel technique. For extremely small gold particles on titania and zirconia (1.1 and 1.4 nm mean size), conduction electron spin resonance of the metal and paramagnetic F-centers (trapped electrons in oxygen vacancies) of the support were observed. Besides the influence of the surface geometry on the adsorption mode of the α,β-unsat.
Splitting Theorems, Symmetry Results and Overdetermined Problems for Riemannian Manifolds

Our work proposes a unified approach to three different topics in a general Riemannian setting: splitting theorems, symmetry results and overdetermined elliptic problems. By the existence of a stable solution to the semilinear equation − Δu = f(u) on a Riemannian manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature, we are able to classify both the solution and the manifold. We also discuss the classification of monotone (with respect to the direction of some Killing vector field) solutions, in the spirit of a conjecture of De Giorgi, and the rigidity features for overdetermined elliptic problems on submanifolds with boundary.
NF-κ B andMatrix-Dependent Regulation of Osteopontin Promoter Activity in Allylamine-Activated Vascular SmoothMuscle Cells

Repeated cycles of oxidative injury by allylamine in vivo induce a proliferative rat vascular (aortic) smooth muscle cell (vSMC) phenotype characterized by matrix-dependent enhancement of mitogenic sensitivity, changes in cell surface integrin expression, and osteopontin (opn) overexpression. Here, we show that constitutive and mitogen-stimulated NF-κB DNA binding activity is enhanced in allylamine vSMCs. Matrix-specific changes in cellular Rel protein expression were observed in allylamine vSMCs. The NF-κB DNA binding element located at −1943 in the 5′-UTR strongly inhibited opn promoter activity in allylamine vSMCs, and this response was regulated by the extracellular matrix. Constitutive increases in opn promoter activity were only seen when allylamine cells were seeded on a fibronectin substrate, and this response was independent of the NF-κB DNA binding sequence within the regulatory region. Thus, NF-κB functions as a critical regulator of the allylamine-induced proliferative phenotype in vSMCs.
The Effect of Corruption and Governance on Tax Revenues

Developing countries are typically unable to generate sufficient amount of revenue from taxation because these countries face a number of institutional problems in the process of revenue generation. One of the main problems is corruption in tax administration. The two important components of revenue generation are tax administration and tax system reforms [Brondolo, et al. (2008)]. The main objective of these is to increase the efficiency of tax administrations, specifically by reducing corruption and tax evasion. The second main problem of low revenue generation is political instabilities in developing countries. One of the important characteristics of political instability is unstable and governments and, hence, incoherent policy framework, which hinder in the process of long-term reforms in the system. The quality of governance as a whole is also relevant in this context. It is widely agreed that the presence of tax evasion and corruption of public officials is a social phenomenon that can significantly reduce tax revenue and seriously hurt economic growth and development. Corruption cannot be viewed in isolation, as it is a part of the broader issue of governance and public management. The quality of a country‘s governance is a critical factor for its development process. It is thus surprising how very little attention is given to one of the most fundamental drivers in the way that public revenues are raised. Bird, et al. (2008) indicate that tax structure is highly responsive to governance structure; high income countries can improve their tax performance through improving their governance structure. Various studies try to investigate the determinants of tax revenues [e.g., Teera (2003); Weiss (1969); Tanzi and Zee (2000) and Imam and Jacobs (2007)]. Imam and Jacobs (2007) explain that real per capita income, share of agriculture in GDP, trade openness, inflation and corruption are the most important determinants of tax collection. Gupta (2007) finds that several structural factors like per capita GDP, share of agriculture in GDP, trade openness foreign aid, foreign debt and some new institutional variable like corruption and political stability are statistically significant and strong determinants of revenue performance. The main difference between these studies and the analysis
Comparison of the Life Expectancy and General Health in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Non-Patients

Objective: Diabetes is now known as one of the chronic diseases that besides body have negative effects on the psychological status of patients. The present study aimed to assess the physical and mental attributes of patients to evaluate and compare life expectancy and mental health among diabetic patients with normal ones. Materials and Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study, that was done on 91 adults about 30 to 60 years old in Kermanshah that 51 had type 2 diabetic patients and 40 was normal. The Sampling method of this research was convenience. Life Expectancy Inventory (LEI-33) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to collect information. SPSS-16, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and T-test were used for analyzing data. Results: Analyzing data showed a negative significant correlation between life expectancy and general health among adults (P<0.01). T-test results showed that life expectancy and general health status in non-patients was better than type 2 diabetic patients that this difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that type 2 diabetic patients have too much psychological pressure exposure, which reduces their hope to live. Hence of psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions is needed to improve the psychological care as well.
The Influence of El Niño on Settlement Patterns in Lomas de Lachay, Central Coast, Peru

The Lomas de Lachay region is located about 100 kilometres north of Lima, between Río Chancay and Río Huaura valleys. It is situated approximately 10 km from the coastline, where advection fogs meet the first ridges of the Andes allowing for the development of a peculiar ecosystem of fog oases known as lomas. Three distinct geosystems have been distinguished there: coastal desert, lomas and mountain desert. While during El Niño with episodes of ENSO the mountain desert and valleys of perennial rivers are devastated by catastrophic floods caused by torrential rains, in lomas El Niño less abundant precipitation comes about which permits the development of vegetation and also the presence of active springs during the dry season. Due to the increased availability of water in periods of frequent El Niño episodes human groups in the past were able to establish permanent settlements in the Lomas de Lachay area. When El Niño events became rare, however, only seasonal exploitation of lomas were possible. Changes in settlement patterns in the research area were therefore strongly influenced by the frequency and magnitude of El Niño events. Moreover, due to the El Niño benevolent impact, only a lomas geosystem is convenient for human activity on a larger scale, thus the majority of the archaeological sites are located within the limits of fog oases. IANSA 2014 ● V/2 ● 147–160 Piotr Kalicki, Tomasz Kalicki, Piotr Kittel: The Influence of El Niño on Settlement Patterns in Lomas de Lachay, Central Coast, Peru 148 were documented. Diagnostic pottery sherds and other artefacts were documented. It should be emphasized that archaeological fieldwork was only a survey and therefore the presented results have a preliminary character and need to be confirmed by future research.
Colletotrichum : a catalogue of confusion

International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, PR China School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Thasud, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Road, Shangdi, HaiDian, Beijing, 100085, PR China Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006 PR China Department of Biology and Geography, Liupanshui Normal College. Shuicheng, Guizhou 553006, P.R. China Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Kaixuan Rd 258, Hangzhou 310029, PR China Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Factors Associated With the Concentration of Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat

Background: The abdominal adipose tissue has deposits of subcutaneous and visceral fat, which, in excess, provides different risks to metabolic and hemodynamic changes. Objective: Assess factors associated with the concentration of visceral and subcutaneous fat. Methods: Case series study involving 109 overweight outpatients in the Brazilian northeast. Visceral and subcutaneous fat was assessed by CT scans. Demographic and clinical covariates, lifestyle and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. Results: The average age was 50.3 (± 12.2) years. Men showed a higher concentration of visceral fat compared to women (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), higher BMI and lower intake of protective food among men was associated with the highest concentration of visceral fat (adjusted R2: 46.4%) and AH, a higher education (in years), a higher BMI and lower consumption of oils and fats were significantly associated with subcutaneous fat (adjusted R2: 88.6%). For women, age, AH, high BMI and alcohol consumption were associated with VAT (adjusted R2=17.6%) and high BMI, high education, a higher consumption of fatty and processed meats and a lower consumption of simple carbohydrates were associated with SAT (adjusted R2: 69.3%). Conclusion: Multiple different factors determine and their complex inter-relationships determine the amount of visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women.
Consumer learning, switching costs, and heterogeneity: A structural examination

This paper develops and estimates a model of forward-looking consumer learning with switching costs using household level scanner data from a frequently purchased product category. This is novel because current models of consumer purchase behavior assume that only one of these types of dynamics is present, not both at the same time. My model estimates support the presence of both learning and switching costs in this product category. The estimates show that before consuming new products, consumers are unsure of their tastes for them, and subsequently learn their tastes by purchase and consumption of new products. Switching costs are large, comprising roughly 30 percent of the cost of a medium sized package of the product. Additionally, the model incorporates very rich individual level unobserved heterogeneity in price sensitivities, tastes, and switching costs, and the amount by which consumers learn. To show that my model produces different implications than a model with learning or switching costs only, I estimate two more specifications, one without each type of dynamics, and simulate counterfactuals that are of interest to managers and policymakers. I find that intertemporal elasticities are underestimated when either type of dynamics is left out, by as much as 90%. Informative advertising is also affected by the presence of switching costs, although the direction of the bias is not signed. Leaving out dynamics also has a large impact on long-term elasticities, which are used by antitrust policymakers to evaluate the impact of mergers. When learning is ignored, cross elasticities are underestimated by as much as 45%. When switching costs are ignored, both own and cross elasticities are underestimated.
Cooperative Learning Models having better potency to improve Social Attitude of Multiethnic Senior High School Students at Samarinda, Indonesia

A quasi experimental research was conducted on the 11 th grade science students of Multiethnic Senior High School in Samarinda. Samarinda is a destination of job seekers who come from almost all regions of Indonesia, so its population ethnicities is very heterogenous. The aim of the study is to uncover which learning models have better potency to empower student social attitudes of all ethnicities involved in class. The samples are students of 11 th grade of Natural Science class of senior high school. The number of samples is 132 students. The research instrument is a questionnaire for measuring the student social attitudes. All items in the questionnaire are valid and reliable (range of Pearson Correlation value = 0.341 to 0.701, and Cronbach alpha value = 0.585 to 0.819). The learning models applied were Cooperative Script, Think-Pair-Share, combination of Cooperative Script and Think-Pair-Share, as well as conventional learning. The ethnicities involved are Javanese, Bugis, Banjar, and Kutai. This research was conducted in odd semester of academic year 2012/2013. Six classes used were equivalent based on the National Final Examination score. Data analysis was carried out by factorial ANCOVA (p < 0.05). Related to the interaction between the learning model and the ethnicity, result of posthoc analysis showed that combination of Cooperative Script and Think-Pair-Share learning model is suitable to improve the social attitudes of the students of the four ethnic groups. Similar research needs to be done in the future to get more information about this issue.