Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Pregnancy: Maternofetal Outcomes at a Quaternary Referral Obstetric Hospital, 2000 Through 2015

Context Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in pregnancy has historically been associated with substantial maternofetal morbidity and mortality rates. The optimal treatment and timing of surgical intervention in pregnancy remain contested. Objective To compare maternofetal outcomes of medically and surgically treated patients with PHPT in pregnancy. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Quaternary referral hospital. Patients Women with PHPT in pregnancy treated between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015. Interventions Medical therapy or parathyroid surgery. Main Outcomes Measured Timing of diagnosis; maternal corrected serum calcium concentrations; gestation, indication and mode of delivery; complications attributable to PHPT; birth weight; and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Results Twenty-two pregnancies were managed medically, and six patients underwent parathyroidectomy in pregnancy (five in trimester 2, and one at 32 weeks gestation). Most patients treated medically either had a corrected serum calcium concentration <2.85 mmol/L in early pregnancy or had PHPT diagnosed in trimester 3. Of viable medically managed pregnancies, 30% were complicated by preeclampsia, and preterm delivery occurred in 66% of this group. All preterm neonates required admission to the NICU for complications related to prematurity. All surgically treated patients delivered their babies at term, and there were no complications of parathyroid surgery. Conclusion Maternofetal outcomes have improved relative to that reported in early medical literature in patients treated medically and surgically, but the rates of preeclampsia and preterm delivery were higher in medically treated patients. The study was limited by its retrospective design and small sample sizes.
Making progression and award decisions

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. It is incumbent on medical schools to show, both to regulatory bodies and to the public at large, that their graduating students are “fit for purpose” as doctors. Since students graduate by virtue of passing assessments, it is vital that schools quality assure their assessment procedures, standards and outcomes. An important part of this quality assurance process is how progression and award decisions are made. This begins with developing clear evidence-based policies and processes that ensure assessments are effective, relevant, fair, robust and secure. Assessment is a series of processes primarily designed to enable judgements to be made as to whether a student has, or has not, met the standard required for the outcomes at that stage. This article will provide a clear rationale and guidance for establishing robust processes for making progression and award decisions.
Inhibiting Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Preventing Excessive Autophagy

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in heart failure (HF) by mediating diverse pathologic processes, including the promotion of inflammation and autophagy. However, the role of RAGE in pressure overload-induced HF is not well understood. We found that stimulation of RAGE triggered the death of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), while cell death was alleviated by ATG5 knockdown. Using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice as a model of pressure overload-induced HF, we demonstrated that RAGE knockout or RAGE blockade attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as cardiac dysfunction at 8 weeks after TAC. Importantly, RAGE knockout reversed upregulation of autophagy related proteins (LC3BII/I and Beclin 1) and reduced cardiomyocyte death, indicating that excessive autophagy after TAC was inhibited. Moreover, RAGE knockout or blockade reduced the upregulation of pp65-NFκB and BNIP3, which mediate autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that RAGE plays an important role in the progression of HF by regulating autophagy. Therefore, inhibition of the RAGE-autophagy axis could be a promising new strategy for treatment of heart failure.
Plastome phylogeny and lineage diversification of Salicaceae with focus on poplars and willows

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships and lineage diversification of the family Salicaceae sensu lato (s.l.) remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined phylogenetic relationships between 42 species from six genera based on the complete plastomes. Phylogenetic analyses of 77 protein coding genes of the plastomes produced good resolution of the interrelationships among most sampled species and the recovered clades. Of the sampled genera from the family, Flacourtia was identified as the most basal and the successive clades comprised both Itoa and Poliothyrsis, Idesia, two genera of the Salicaceae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Populus and Salix). Five major subclades were recovered within the Populus clade. These subclades and their interrelationships are largely inconsistent with morphological classifications and molecular phylogeny based on nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequence variations. Two major subclades were identified for the Salix clade. Molecular dating suggested that species diversification of the major subclades in the Populus and Salix clades occurred mainly within the recent Pliocene. In addition, we found that the rpl32 gene was lost and the rps7 gene evolved into a pseudogene multiple times in the sampled genera of the Salicaceae s.l. Compared with previous studies, our results provide a well‐resolved phylogeny from the perspective of the plastomes.
Perfect Match: Improved Cross-modal Embeddings for Audio-visual Synchronisation

This paper proposes a new strategy for learning powerful cross-modal embeddings for audio-to-video synchronisation. Here, we set up the problem as one of cross-modal retrieval, where the objective is to find the most relevant audio segment given a short video clip. The method builds on the recent advances in learning representations from cross-modal self-supervision. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) we propose a new learning strategy where the embeddings are learnt via a multi-way matching problem, as opposed to a binary classification (matching or non-matching) problem as proposed by recent papers; (2) we demonstrate that performance of this method far exceeds the existing baselines on the synchronisation task; (3) we use the learnt embeddings for visual speech recognition in self-supervision, and show that the performance matches the representations learnt end-to-end in a fully-supervised manner.
Regulation of proliferation and invasion by the IGF signalling pathway in Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive gastric cancer

Several carcinomas including gastric cancer have been reported to contain Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is classified as one of four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) group with increased immune‐related signatures. Identification of EBV‐dependent pathways with significant biological roles is needed for EBVaGC. To compare the biological changes between AGS gastric epithelial cells and EBV‐infected AGS (AGS‐EBV) cells, proliferation assay, CCK‐8 assay, invasion assay, cell cycle analysis, RT‐PCR, Western blot and ELISA were performed. BI836845, a humanized insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) ligand‐neutralizing antibody, was used for IGF‐related signalling pathway inhibition. AGS‐EBV cells showed slower proliferating rate and higher sensitivity to BI836845 compared to AGS cells. Moreover, invasiveness of AGS‐EBV was increased than that of AGS, and BI836845 treatment significantly decreased the invasiveness of AGS‐EBV. Although no apoptosis was detected, entry into the S phase of the cell cycle was delayed in BI836845‐treated AGS‐EBV cells. In conclusion, AGS‐EBV cells seem to modulate their proliferation and invasion through the IGF signalling pathway. Inhibition of the IGF signalling pathway therefore could be a potential therapeutic strategy for EBVaGC.
Sirt1 enhances tau exon 10 inclusion and improves spatial memory of Htau mice

Alternative splicing of tau exon 10 generates tau isoforms with three or four microtubule binding repeats, named 3R-tau and 4R-tau, respectively. Dysregulation of tau exon 10 splicing could cause neurofibrillary degeneration. Acetylation is one of the major post-translational protein modifications in the cell by attachment of the acetyl group to either the α-amino group of the N-terminus of proteins or to the ε-amino group of lysine residues. Sirt1, one member in mammalian Sirtuin family, deacetylates protein and is associated closely with age-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. However, the role of Sirt1 in tau exon 10 splicing remains elusive. In the present study, we determined the role of Sirt1 in tau exon 10 splicing. We found that activation of Sirt1 by resveratrol enhanced tau exon 10 inclusion, leading to 4R-tau expression. Sirt1 interacted with splicing factor 9G8, deacetylated it at Lys24, and suppressed its function in promoting tau exon 10 exclusion. Moreover, resveratrol improved learning and spatial memory in Htau mice. These findings suggest that Sirt1 may serve as a new drug target for Alzheimer’s Disease related tauopathies and resveratrol may be used to correct dysregulated tau exon 10 with 3R-tau > 4R-tau.
Decentralized dynamic task allocation for UAVs with limited communication range

We present the Limited-range Online Routing Problem (LORP), which involves a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited communication range that must autonomously coordinate to service task requests. We first show a general approach to cast this dynamic problem as a sequence of decentralized task allocation problems. Then we present two solutions both based on modeling the allocation task as a Markov Random Field to subsequently assess decisions by means of the decentralized Max-Sum algorithm. Our first solution assumes independence between requests, whereas our second solution also considers the UAVs' workloads. A thorough empirical evaluation shows that our workload-based solution consistently outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in a wide range of scenarios, lowering the average service time up to 16%. In the best-case scenario there is no gap between our decentralized solution and centralized techniques. In the worst-case scenario we manage to reduce by 25% the gap between current decentralized and centralized techniques. Thus, our solution becomes the method of choice for our problem.
Recovery of Over‐Ground Walking after Chronic Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Persons with motor complete spinal cord injury, signifying no voluntary movement or sphincter function below the level of injury but including retention of some sensation, do not recover independent walking. We tested intense locomotor treadmill training with weight support and simultaneous spinal cord epidural stimulation in four patients 2.5 to 3.3 years after traumatic spinal injury and after failure to improve with locomotor training alone. Two patients, one with damage to the mid‐cervical region and one with damage to the high‐thoracic region, achieved over‐ground walking (not on a treadmill) after 278 sessions of epidural stimulation and gait training over a period of 85 weeks and 81 sessions over a period of 15 weeks, respectively, and all four achieved independent standing and trunk stability. One patient had a hip fracture during training. (Funded by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02339233.)
Women’s representation in Swiss municipalities, 1959–2014

This paper presents an original dataset including about 10,000 municipal elections in Switzerland since the first introduction of women’s suffrage at the local level in 1959. While this paper offers a brief descriptive overview of the data, the broader project aims to identify the diffusion of women’s representation at the local level, that is, effect of electing a woman in one municipality on the number of female candidates in other municipalities. Electing women to political office is widely believe to have important symbolic consequences, as descriptive representation affects how women are perceived in the political arena. Moreover, successful female politicians can be role models for other women considering a political career, and they can help party elites overcome reservations about the qualifications of female candidates. Importantly, these effects can be expected not only within jurisdictions, but also across them. Therefore, the consequences of improved descriptive representation in one unit can spill over to other units. Results will show how women’s political representation spreads across jurisdictions and improving our understanding of the connection between descriptive and symbolic representation since the inception of women’s suffrage. ∗We thank Özge Akyol, Marco Büsch, Dominik Braunschweiger, Pablo Guarino, Aurélie Jorge, Julia Käser, Tobias Krauss, Elisabeth Lapraz, Mike Magnin, Balthasar Sager, Mathis Schnell, Benoît Tabin, Pascal Witzig, and Thomas Zenger for excellent research assistance. The financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nr. 100017_156144 ) is gratefully acknowledged. †Department of Political Science and Centre for Democracy Studies Aarau, University Zurich Email: oliver.dlabac@zda.uzh. ch ‡Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Email: gilardi@ipz.uzh. ch; URL: http://www. fabriziogilardi.org/.
Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 modulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating miR‐23a‐3p/SMC1A in acute myeloid leukemia

The aim of this study was to determine the function of the NEAT1/miR‐23a‐3p/SMC1A axis in cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Microarray analysis was used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs/miRNAs/mRNAs in primary AML cells. The expression of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), miR‐23a‐3p, and structural maintenance of chromosome 1 alpha (SMC1A) in primary AML cells and THP‐1 cells were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). A Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay was used to analyze proliferation. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual‐luciferase assays were performed to determine the correlation between miR‐23a‐3p and NEAT1 or SMC1A. The qRT‐PCR illustrated that NEAT1 and SMC1A expression was decreased but that miR‐23a‐3p expression was increased in primary AML cells and THP‐1 cells compared with that in normal cells. The RIP assay and dual‐luciferase assay revealed the targeting relationship between miR‐23a‐3p and NEAT1 or SMC1A. The CCK‐8 assay showed that the overexpression of NEAT1 and SMC1A or repression of miR‐23a‐3p inhibited cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the upregulation of NEAT1 and SMC1A or repression of miR‐23a‐3p promoted apoptosis and affected the cell cycle. NEAT1 repressed the expression of miR‐23a‐3p, and therefore promoted SMC1A, which in turn suppressed myeloid leukemia cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis.
Design and Synthesis of Layered Na2Ti3O7 and Tunnel Na2Ti6O13 Hybrid Structures with Enhanced Electrochemical Behavior for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

A novel complementary approach for promising anode materials is proposed. Sodium titanates with layered Na2Ti3O7 and tunnel Na2Ti6O13 hybrid structure are presented, fabricated, and characterized. The hybrid sample exhibits excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance by the inhibition of layered phase transformation and synergetic effect. The structural evolution, reaction mechanism, and reaction dynamics of hybrid electrodes during the sodium insertion/desertion process are carefully investigated. In situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction (SXRD) characterization is performed and the result indicates that Na+ inserts into tunnel structure with occurring solid solution reaction and intercalates into Na2Ti3O7 structure with appearing a phase transition in a low voltage. The reaction dynamics reveals that sodium ion diffusion of tunnel Na2Ti6O13 is faster than that of layered Na2Ti3O7. The synergetic complementary properties are significantly conductive to enhance electrochemical behavior of hybrid structure. This study provides a promising candidate anode for advanced sodium ion batteries (SIBs).
A cohort study of isolated brainstem infarction based on head MR imaging and clinical findings

Objective The prognosis of patients with isolated brainstem infarction (BSI) differs on an individual patient basis. This study was undertaken to analyze the influences of different imaging and clinical features with the prognosis of patients with BSI. Methods The study population was derived from a multicenter study of intracranial atherosclerosis in China. In the present study, 300 patients were selected who had experienced non-cardiogenic brain stem infarction within the prior 7 days. Evaluations included clinical characteristics, location and size of the brainstem infarction, and whether the infarction was located in multiple perforating branches of the brainstem. Poor prognosis was defined as the presence of disability within 1 year from the onset of disease. Results In total, 281 patients were followed up at 1 year post-infarction. Of these 281 patients, 84 (29.9%) exhibited disability at 1 year; these patients showed a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 6 on admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients with BSI located in the territory of multiple perforating arteries, who were discharged without administration of statins, showed a poor 1-year prognosis. Conclusion Isolated BSI involving multiple perforating arteries, without statin medication at discharge, indicated poor prognosis for patients with BSI.
Comparison of 3‐year clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy for aortoiliac artery occlusive disease between patients with and without hemodialysis: Subanalysis of the REAL‐AI registry

The impact of hemodialysis (HD) on aortoiliac (AI) occlusive lesions remains unknown. Here, we report the 3‐year clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) for AI occlusive lesions in propensity‐matched populations of patients who did and did not undergo HD.
Bias Amplification in Artificial Intelligence Systems

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies proliferate, concern has centered around the long-term dangers of job loss or threats of machines causing harm to humans. All of this concern, however, detracts from the more pertinent and already existing threats posed by AI today: its ability to amplify bias found in training datasets, and swiftly impact marginalized populations at scale. Government and public sector institutions have a responsibility to citizens to establish a dialogue with technology developers and release thoughtful policy around data standards to ensure diverse representation in datasets to prevent bias amplification and ensure that AI systems are built with inclusion in mind.
Design and Development of the Intelligent Process System for Marine Shafting

In order to realize the automation of shipbuilding industry and the integration of products, this paper develops an intelligent process system for the marine shafting based on modular design to obtain the automatic generation of process documents and the construction of enterprise’s database. The intelligent process system is established by VB programming language, which based on the object-oriented visual programming language. The structure of the intelligent process system is modeled by design philosophy, which is easy to combine object-oriented programming with modular design philosophy. The structure of the intelligent process system is divided into knowledge base/database module, automatic drawing module and process planning module. The marine shafting of a large container ship is adopted to verify the rationality of the intelligent process system. Design parameters is input in the user interface, then the technical files of the marine shafting are generated that can be used for guiding the process of manufacture. Technical files are unified and managed by database of the intelligent process system. The intelligent process system realizes the automatic management of product files. The example shows the system increases the enterprise’s degree of information and automation and also improve the competitiveness of enterprise in the market.
Protein Supplementation after Exercise and before Sleep Does Not Further Augment Muscle Mass and Strength Gains during Resistance Exercise Training in Active Older Men.

Background The proposed benefits of protein supplementation on the skeletal muscle adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older adults remain unclear. Objective The present study assessed whether protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep augments muscle mass and strength gains during resistance exercise training in older individuals. Methods Forty-one older men [mean ± SEM age: 70 ± 1 y; body mass index (kg/m2): 25.3 ± 0.4] completed 12 wk of whole-body resistance exercise training (3 sessions/wk) and were randomly assigned to ingest either protein (21 g protein, 3 g total leucine, 9 g carbohydrate, 3 g fat; n = 21) or an energy-matched placebo (0 g protein, 25 g carbohydrate, 6 g fat; n = 20) after exercise and each night before sleep. Maximal strength was assessed by 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) strength testing, and muscle hypertrophy was assessed at the whole-body (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), upper leg (computed tomography scan), and muscle fiber (biopsy) levels. Muscle protein synthesis rates were assessed during week 12 of training with the use of deuterated water (2H2O) administration. Results Leg-extension 1RM increased in both groups (placebo: 88 ± 3 to 104 ± 4 kg; protein: 85 ± 3 to 102 ± 4 kg; P < 0.001), with no differences between groups. Quadriceps cross-sectional area (placebo: 67.8 ± 1.7 to 73.5 ± 2.0 cm2; protein: 68.4 ± 1.4 to 72.3 ± 1.4 cm2; P < 0.001) increased in both groups, with no differences between groups. Muscle fiber hypertrophy occurred in type II muscle fibers (placebo: 5486 ± 418 to 6492 ± 429 µm2; protein: 5367 ± 301 to 6259 ± 391 µm2; P < 0.001), with no differences between groups. Muscle protein synthesis rates were 1.62% ± 0.06% and 1.57% ± 0.05%/d in the placebo and protein groups, respectively, with no differences between groups. Conclusion Protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment skeletal muscle mass or strength gains during resistance exercise training in active older men. This study was registered at the Netherlands Trial Registry (www.trialregister.nl) as NTR5082.