Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1 Collateralizable Wealth, Asset Returns, and Systemic Risk: International Evidence

Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to assess the role of collateralizable wealth and systemic risk in explaining future asset returns. Methodology/approach – To test this hypothesis, the chapter uses the residuals of the trend relationship among housing wealth and labor income to predict both stock returns and government bond yields. Specifically, it shows that nonlinear deviations of housing wealth from its cointegrating relationship with labor income, hwy, forecast expected future returns. Findings – Using data for a set of industrialized countries, the chapter finds that when the housing wealth-to-income ratio falls, investors demand a higher risk premium for stocks. As for government bond returns: (i) when they are seen as a component of asset wealth, investors react in the same manner and (ii) if, however, investors perceive the increase in government bond returns as signaling a future rise in taxes or a deterioration of public finances, then they interpret the fall in the housing wealth-to-income ratio as a fall in future bond premia. Finally, this work shows that the occurrence of crisis episodes amplifies the transmission of housing market shocks to financial markets. Originality/value of chapter – These findings are novel. They also open new and challenging avenues for understanding the dynamics of the relationship between the housing sector, stock market and government bond developments, and the banking system.
Characterisation of a Plasmodium falciparum type II Hsp40 chaperone exported to the cytosol of infected erythrocytes

II DECLARATION . III DEDICATION . IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . V TABLE OF CONTENTS . VI LIST OF FIGURES . VIII LIST OF TABLES . IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . X Chapter 1 : Literature Review . 1 1.1 Molecular Chaperones . 2 1.2 Heat Shock Proteins . 2 1.2.1 Hps70 proteins . 3 1.2.1.1 Structural Features of Hsp70s . 3 1.2.1.2 The ATPase Domain . 4 1.2.1.3 The substrate Binding Domain . 4 1.2.1.4 The C-terminal Domain . 5 1.2.2 Hsp40 proteins . 6 1.2.2.1 The J-Domain . 7 1.2.2.2 The Gly/Phe-rich Region . 9 1.2.2.3 The Zinc Binding Domain . 9 1.2.2.4 The C-terminal Domain . 10 1.3 Interactions between Hsp40s and Hsp70s . 10 1.4 Heat Shock Proteins in Plants . 12 1.5 Heat Shock Proteins in Malaria parasite . 13 1.5.1 Malaria . 13 1.5.2 The life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum . 13 1.5.3 Erythrocyte remodelling . 15 1.5. 4 The P. falciparum exportome . 16 1.5. 5 P. falciparum Molecular Chaperones . 18 1.5. 5.1 P. falciparum Hsp70s . 18 1.5. 5.2 P. falciparum Hsp40s . 20 1.5. 5.3 The PEXEL motif . 21 1.5. 5.3. 1 Exported Hsp40 proteins . 22 1.5. 5.3. 2 PFE0055c protein . 24 1.6 Problem statement . 25 1.7 Hypothesis . 25 1.8 Research objectives . 25 1.8. 1 Broad objective . 25 1.8. 2 Specific objectives . 25 Chapter 2 : Methods and Materials . 26 2.1 Materials . 27 2.2 Methods . 28
The theoretical inconsistency of the expansionary austerity doctrine (reprise): an extension to the long run

In this paper, we provide a critical analysis of the theory of the expansionary austerity (EAT). Our attention is on the theoretical weaknesses of the EAT, say the extreme circumstances and fragile assumptions under which expansionary consolidations might actually take place. We present a simple theoretical model that takes inspiration from both the post-Keynesian and evolutionary/institutionalist traditions. We first show that well-designed austerity measures hardly trigger off short-run economic expansions in the context of expected long-lasting consolidation plans (i.e. when adjustment plans deal with remarkably high debt-to-GDP ratios); when the so-called ‘financial channel’ is not operative (i.e. in the context of monetarily sovereign economies); when the degree of export responsiveness to internal devaluation is low. Even in the context of non-monetarily sovereign countries (see Eurozone countries), austerity’s effectiveness crucially depends on its highly disputable capacity to immediately stabilize fiscal variables. We then analyse some possible long-run economic dynamics. We emphasize the high degree of instability that characterizes austerity-based adjustments plans. Path-dependency and cumulativeness make the short-run impulse effects of fiscal consolidation of paramount importance to (hopefully) obtain any appreciable medium-to-long-run benefit. Should these effects be contractionary on the onset, the short-run costs of austerity measures can breed an endless spiral of recession and ballooning debt in the long run. If so, in the case of non-monetarily sovereign countries debt forgiveness may emerge as the ultimate solution to restore economic soundness. Alternatively, institutional innovations like those adopted since mid-2012 by the ECB are required to stabilize the economy, although not to prompt sustained recovery.
Correcting negatively biased refractivity below ducts in GNSS radio occultation: an optimal estimation approach towards improving planetary boundary layer (PBL) characterization

GNSS radio occultation (RO) measurements are promising in sensing the vertical structure of the Earth’s planetary boundary layer (PBL). However, large refractivity changes near the top of PBL can cause ducting and lead to a negative bias in the retrieved refractivity within the PBL (below ~ 2 km). To remove the bias, a reconstruction method with assumption of linear structure inside the ducting layer models has been proposed by Xie et al. (2006). While the negative bias can be reduced drastically as demonstrated in the simulation, the lack of high-quality surface refractivity constraint makes its application to real RO data difficult. In this paper, we use the widely available precipitable water (PW) satellite observation as the external constraint for the bias correction. A new framework is proposed to incorporate optimization into the RO reconstruction retrievals in the presence of ducting condition. The new method uses optimal estimation to select the best refractivity solution whose precipitable water (PW) and PBL height best match the external PW measurements and the known a-priori, respectively. The near coincident PW measurements from AMSR-E microwave radiometer instruments are used as an external observational constraint. This new reconstruction method is tested on both the simulated GNSS-RO profiles and the actual GNSS-RO data. Our results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the negative refractivity bias when compared to traditional Abel inversion.
Coming to "Know" Mathematics through "Acting, Talking and Doing" Mathematics.

This paper adds to a discussion initiated by Askew (2007) about two contrasting views of scaffolding; as a ‘tool for results’ and a ‘tool-and-result’. The study took place in four primary classrooms within a low socioeconomic setting. Two classroom episodes drawn from one of the teacher’s classroom, illustrate the two different perspectives of scaffolding. These are presented and the learning that evolved from each episode is discussed. The paper illustrates that when scaffolding was used as a ‘tool for results’ the learning was restricted but when the students were scaffolded within a tool-and-result perspective the mathematical knowledge and ways of doing and talking mathematics were generative.
Not Worth the Net Worth? The Democratic Dilemmas of Privileged Access to Information

In this article, we discuss the democratic conditions for parliamentary oversight in EU foreign affairs. Our point of departure is two Interinstitutional Agreements (IIAs) between the Council and the European Parliament (EP), which provide the latter with access to sensitive documents. To shed light on this issue, we ask to what extent these contribute to the democratic accountability in EU foreign policy? It is argued that the IIAs have strengthened the EP’s role in EU foreign affairs by giving it access to information to which it was previously denied. This does not mean, however, that this increase in power equals a strengthening of the EP as a democratic accountability forum. First of all, both IIAs (even if there are differences between them) fail to maximise the likelihood that the plurality of views in the EP as a whole is reproduced. Secondly, and more importantly, the EU citizens are largely deprived of opportunities to appraise how their elected representatives have exercised their role as guardians of executive power.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY LEVELS ON GERMINATION OF DIPLOID, TETRAPLOID AND HEXAPLOID WHEAT

The present study was conducted with diploid (Einkorn), tetraploid (Ege 88, Akcakale 2000, Alibaba, Tuten, Şolen 2002) and hexaploid (Kasifbey 95, Menemen, Saar, Cumhuriyet 79, Basribey 95) wheat cultivars to investigate the effects of different irrigation water salinity (ECi) levels (0.5 [control], 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 dS/m) generated as to have a SAR value below 3 on germination ratio and germination power. Experiments were conducted in randomized plots design with 3 replications. Variance analyses revealed that irrigation water salinity levels, wheat ploidy levels, cultivars, “cultivar x salinity level” and “salinity level x ploidy level” interactions had significant effects on germination ratio and germination power (p< 0.05). Effects of irrigation water salinity levels on germination ratio and germination power varied with cultivars and decreasing germination ratio and germination power values were observed in cultivars with increasing salinity levels. Considering the greatest irrigation water salinity level of 40 dS/m, it was observed that hexaploid cultivars had the greatest tolerance and they were respectively followed by tetraploid and diploid wheat cultivars.
The views of managers from a local coastal council on sustainability reporting issues: an Australian-based case study

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to provide explanations for the factors affecting sustainability disclosures by a local coastal shire council in Australia. Drawing on the theory of accountability, a further aim is to examine how this information is communicated to stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative and case study approach is adopted for this investigation. The main sources of empirical data are semi-structured interviews with the senior managers of the council, observation and the use of publicly available documentation. Findings - Significant issues relating specifically to this council were identified as managing population growth, planning for land use, climate change and community engagement. These issues were addressed through various forums such as the annual report, a sustainability report and through community engagement meetings. There was also little evidence to suggest that the global reporting initiative is influencing how the local council was accounting for its social and environmental activities. Practical implications - Coastal regions are fragile areas that are subjected to varying degrees of pressure on their environment. This study suggests that community demand for information on sustainability is commencing to change the content of the council's annual report. Originality/value - Much attention has been paid to the role and extent of sustainability reporting in the private sector, however, less research has been devoted to investigating this area in the realm of the government sector.
Limiting Amplitude principle in the scattering by wedges

We consider a nonstationary scattering of plane waves by a wedge. We prove that the Sommerfeld‐type integral, constructed in (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2005; 28:147–183; Proc. Int. Seminar ‘Day on Diffraction‐2003’, University of St. Petersburg, 2003; 151–162), is a classical smooth solution from a functional space, and prove the Limiting Amplitude principle. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RE-EXAMINATION OF WAGNER’S LAW FOR OECD COUNTRIES

This paper investigates the relationship between government spending and economic growth. Economic theory generally expects a negative relationship between these variables for rich countries with large public sectors. However, empirical studies often cannot find a robust negative relationship and have provided mixed empirical evidence. In the case of the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth it appears that specification of econometric methods, data selection and time span could affect the findings and lead to contradictory conclusions. This paper utilizes a panel of cross-sectional and time series data for 16 OECD countries over the 1995- 2010 periods to reexamine the relationship between government spending and economic growth by conducting econometric panel study. We investigate the unit root properties and cointegration, long-run economic relationship, between government expenditure and economic growth to test the validity of Wagner’s Law. Our findings indicate that government spending exerts a positive and significant influence on economic growth and provide evidence for the validity of Wagner’s law.
Does Washback Exist

The notion of 'washback' is common in the language teaching and testing literature, and tests are held to be powerful determiners of what happens in classrooms. This article explores the notion of washback and advances a series of possible Washback hypotheses. It then reviews the empirical research in general education. The article concludes with a series of proposals for further research into a phenomenon on whose importance all seem to be agreed, but whose nature and presence have been little studied.
Educational Strategies for Reducing Medication Errors Committed by Student Nurses: A Literature Review

Medication errors cause harm, yet most of them are preventable (Institute of Medicine, 2006). Nurses spend 40% of their time administering medications; therefore they play a key role in the reduction of medication errors. Little empirical evidence has been collected about the effectiveness of nursing education in reducing medication errors committed by nursing students. Traditional educational interventions focus on the five rights of medication administration; however, the literature shows that interventions focused on instilling a culture of safety have a greater impact on reducing medication errors. The purpose of this article is to review educational strategies that have been implemented and tested in pre-licensure nursing programs to reduce medication errors committed by nursing students.
Bank lending strategy, credit scoring and financial crises

Adverse selection inherent in the bank-borrower relationship typically intensifies during crises. This problem is expecially severe in emerging markets, characterized by weak institutions and banks with poorly developed monitoring and screening abilities. Exploiting a unique sample of Vietnamese loans, we show that by updating their credit scoring models banks can significantly improve their screening abilities. Our results suggest that a crisis fundamentally changes default patterns and that a model based on post-crisis data outperforms models based on pre-crisis data. We conclude that updating credit scoring models is a viable alternative to credit rationing for banks and, in combination with relationship lending, can lead to improved loan pricing, efficiency and profitability.
Culture-specific Perceptions of Motivation and Implications for Technology Enhanced Learning

The aim of our research is finding measures to preserve the learners’ initial motivation in educational settings. For that we need to avoid conflicting situations that possibly could jeopardize their joy of learning. In our thematically comprehensive Learning Culture Survey, we investigate the cultural biasing of students’ attitudes, behaviours, and expectations towards education. Particularly in times of massive international migration and growing numbers of refugees, the relevance to deeply understand cultural aspects in education increases. Just with this understanding, we can raise the awareness towards more cultural tolerance across all involved stakeholder groups and thus, foster the development of more culture-sensitive educational approaches. In this paper we focus on the most relevant aspect of motivation and comparatively discuss our study conducted in Germany and South Korea.
Are your students safe to learn? The role of lecturer’s authentic leadership in the creation of psychologically safe environments and their impact on academic performance

As the role of students and lecturers in higher education changes, several questions emerge about the role of each of them on students’ academic performance. This includes questions regarding the impact of the relationships between students, lecturer’s characteristics and the social environment on students’ performance. To address these questions, this article reports a study of the impact of lecturer authentic leadership, psychological safety and network density on academic performance. It explores the relationship between network density, psychological safety and lecturer authentic leadership. A questionnaire was distributed to undergraduate students. A positive impact of lecturer authentic leadership and psychological safety on academic performance was found. Students from high-density groups tended to show better academic performance, higher psychological safety and tended to see their lecturers as being more authentic. A reflection on the role of the lecturer in higher education settings is presented. It also presents some recommendations on how student academic performance can be improved by the adoption of specific behaviours by their lecturer.
NEW PTEROSAUR SPECIMENS FROM THE KEM KEM BEDS (UPPER CRETACEOUS, CENOMANIAN) OF MOROCCO

Although pterosaurs from Africa are still rare, in recent years several specimens have been described from the Kem Kem beds (Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian) of Morocco. Here we describe four additional specimens from this informal lithostratigraphic unit: a jaw fragment, two mid-cervical vertebrae, and a humerus. All these specimens show three-dimensional preservation, differing much from the flat condition found in most pterosaur material. The vertebrae are particularly well preserved, and allow accurate observations on the pneumatization of the neural arch. Based on comparable material, we show that at least two edentulous pterosaur species were present in this informal lithostratigraphic unit, thus adding to the growing evidence of considerable pterosaur diversity in northwestern Africa during the "middle" Cretaceous. So far, the Kem Kem beds have the most diverse pterosaur fauna in this continent, with the presence of anhanguerids, azhdarchids, pteranodontids, and tapejarids.
Numerical Investigation of Collision-Induced Breakup of Raindrops. Part II: Parameterizations of Coalescence Efficiencies and Fragment Size Distributions

Abstract Results of numerically investigated binary collisions of 32 drop pairs presented in Part I of this study are used to parameterize coalescence efficiencies and size distributions of breakup fragments of large raindrops. In contrast to the well-known results of Low and List, it is shown that coalescence efficiencies Ec can be described best by means of the Weber number We yielding Ec = exp(−1.15We). The fragment size distributions gained from our numerical investigations were parameterized by fitting normal, lognormal, and delta distributions and relating the parameters of the distribution functions to physical quantities relevant for the breakup event. Thus, this parameterization has formally a substantial similarity to the one of Low and List, although no reference is made to breakup modes such as filament, disk, and sheet. Additionally, mass conservation is guaranteed in the present approach. The parameterizations from Low and List, as well as the new parameterizations, are applied to compute a .
Does the palliative medicine specialist cope better with stress than an anaesthetist, surgeon or general practitioner? A study on job-related experience and behaviour patterns

Background. Long-lasting stress and its consequences, such as burnout syndrome, should be avoided by medical practitioners in any specialization. Stress, as a huge and increasingly common problem, has an influence on the well-being of medical practitioners, as well as on the quality of their services. The aim of the study was to determine how palliative medicine specialists (PAL), surgeons (SUR), anaesthetists (AN) or general practitioners (GP) cope with stress and whether their personality traits have an influence on job-related experience and behaviour patterns. Material and methods. A sample of 302 medical practitioners (PAL - 79, GP - 84, SUR - 74, AN - 65) was asked to complete an inventory: "Job-related experience and behaviour patterns" - AVEM/MECCA. Analysis included the distribution of preferred job-related experiences and behaviour patterns. A correlation between previously tested (with NEO-FFI) personal traits of PAL and these results was also examined. Results. There are two dominant patterns of behaviour helping to cope with overwork and stress among PAL: pattern G, beneficial to health and development at work, and type A, which shows risk due to severe strain. In comparison with AN, SUR and GP, PAL have the smallest predominance of risk patterns (A + B) over those beneficial to health (G + S). PALs are characterized by the strongest social support and satisfaction from life. Personal traits typical for PAL, such as the low level of neuroticism and high degree of extraversion and openness to experience, may serve as a buffer in situations of overload from prolonged stress. Conclusion. Results suggest that palliative medicine specialists cope better with job stress than medical practitioners in other studied specializations.
Aphid population dynamics on highbush blueberry in relation to the spread of Blueberry scorch virus in Piedmont (NW Italy)

In 2004, infections of Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) were detected for the first time outside North America on Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae) in Piedmont (NW Italy). In its original area, this virus is transmitted by Ericaphis scammelli (Mason) (Homoptera Aphididae) in a nonpersistent way. In 2005-2006, field surveys were fortnightly carried out to monitor aphid populations in a seriously infected highbush blueberry crop in Costigliole Saluzzo (province of Cuneo). Moreover, to evaluate the aphid transmission ability, during each survey from 10 to 100 specimens were transferred from surely infected plants to virus-free potted plants. In both years, E. scammelli was the predominant aphid in the investigated highbush blueberry crop. Infestation levels fluctuated from 3% to 64% of infested buds in 2005, and from 0.3% to 35% in 2006. In transmission trials, E. scammelli proved not to be a very efficient vector of BlScV because only 2/55 plants infested with aphids field-collected on infected plants were positive with the ELISA test.