Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Determinants of Service Channel Preference in the Early Stages of Adoption: A Social Cognitive Perspective on Online Brokerage Services

In today’s increasingly technology-mediated world, individuals are often confronted with a decision of whether to obtain services through online, self-service technologies or traditional, nontechnological alternatives. Understanding the mechanisms by which consumers choose among these competing service channels represents an important concern for organizations, consumers, and Web site designers. This study develops a research model based on Social Cognitive Theory to explain and predict service channel preferences that arise in the early stages of adoption, before a consumer conducts business using a particular channel. The model is subsequently tested in the brokerage services context, using observations obtained via survey. Given the growing popularity of online investing combined with the challenging prospect of making optimal decisions in an inherently risky environment, the context offers insights of practical and theoretical importance. The results suggest that task-specific self-efficacy beliefs serve as the activating mechanism kicking off a chain of psychological events that entice consumers to favor a particular service channel. Higher levels of self-efficacy induce individuals to prefer the online approach. In addition to its direct effect on preference for the online service channel, higher levels of self-efficacy influence one’s propensity to take risks and expectations of performance-oriented rewards, which, in turn, sway consumers to favor the online service channel. Furthermore, self-efficacy and perceptions concerning the credibility of online information interact to affect service ∗ This article is dedicated in memory of the corresponding author’s mother, Margaret A. Looney, who recently lost a courageous battle with cancer. The corresponding author would like to thank Ron and Judy Paige, who provided resources and funding for this research through a faculty fellowship. The authors sincerely appreciate the insightful comments of the editors and reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript. † Corresponding author.
Unlocking the sharing economy: Investigating the barriers for the sharing economy in a city context

The sharing economy has gained much attention recently as Airbnb and Uber are spreading across the world, but little is known about how to unlock the true potential of the sharing economy. As such, this study aims to unearth the barriers and challenges associated with the sharing economy platform environment in the city of Umea, Sweden. The qualitative case study focuses on sharing economy efforts in the city of Umea, a city characterized by high technical competency and world leading broadband connectivity, while having almost no activity in the digital sharing economy. The study identifies the barriers, pathways, and opportunities related to the sharing economy and how they apply to the city of Umea. As such the study reveals the ways in which the sharing economy can help a city increase their digital density as well as making the city more attractive for those living in and traveling through the area.
Mobile Money Services and the Performance of Microenterprises in Moshi District, Tanzania

This study determined the contribution of mobile money services to the performance of microenterprises in Moshi district, Tanzania. Multistage sampling was used to obtain 120 shop retailers for survey and six key informants for in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed through SPSS whereas qualitive data were analysed through content analysis. Findings show that mobile money services contributed positively to the performance of microenterprises through time saving (88.3%); improving security of money (87.5%); enhancing customers’ satisfaction (88.3%); increasing revenue (78.3%), profit (78.4%), sales volume (74.2%) and the number of customers (75.8%) as well as reducing transaction costs (49.2%). The performance of microenterprises was affected by the number of years on using mobile money services and the education level of microentrepreneurs. Several challenges were encountered in the course of using mobile money. Recommendations are made to improve the use of mobile money services in microenterprises. Keywords : mobile money, mobile phones, microenterprises, Moshi, Tanzania
EFFECT OF COMPETENCE USER INFORMATION SYSTEM, THE QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND IMPLICATIONS INSATISFACTION USER INFORMATION SYSTEM (STATE OWNER IN SUMATERA SELATAN)

Accounting Management Information System (MAIS) is an information system generally. MAIS management accounting information system is an important part of the overall enterprise information systems. Management accounting information system development and application of management accounting information system, a human resources research important. Aim Accounting Management Information System (MAIS) to test the effect of the competence of the Quality Information System users MAIS and its implications for user satisfaction information systems to look for more specific information which helps to strengthen the information about strategic issues from informal sources. The research was conducted at 32 State- Owned Enterprises in the district and city in Sumatera Selatan. To avoid any misunderstanding of the users of information systems, have implications for the satisfaction of users of information systems, information systems User Competence is an important factor in the spread of management accounting information systems.
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia and confer adverse prognosis in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutation without FLT3 internal tandem duplication.

PURPOSE To analyze the frequency and prognostic impact of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 805 adults (age range, 16 to 60 years) with AML enrolled on German-Austrian AML Study Group (AMLSG) treatment trials AML HD98A and APL HD95 for mutations in exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2. Patients were also studied for NPM1, FLT3, MLL, and CEBPA mutations. The median follow-up for survival was 6.3 years. RESULTS IDH mutations were found in 129 patients (16.0%) -IDH1 in 61 patients (7.6%), and IDH2 in 70 patients (8.7%). Two patients had both IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. All but one IDH1 mutation caused substitutions of residue R132; IDH2 mutations caused changes of R140 (n = 48) or R172 (n = 22). IDH mutations were associated with older age (P < .001; effect conferred by IDH2 only); lower WBC (P = .04); higher platelets (P < .001); cytogenetically normal (CN) -AML (P< .001); and NPM1 mutations, in particular with the genotype of mutated NPM1 without FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD; P < .001). In patients with CN-AML with the latter genotype, IDH mutations adversely impacted relapse-free survival (RFS; P = .02) and overall survival (P = .03), whereas outcome was not affected in patients with CN-AML who lacked this genotype. In CN-AML, multivariable analyses revealed a significant interaction between IDH mutation and the genotype of mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD (ie, the adverse impact of IDH mutation [RFS]; P = .046 was restricted to this patient subset). CONCLUSION IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are recurring genetic changes in AML. They constitute a poor prognostic factor in CN-AML with mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD, which allows refined risk stratification of this AML subset.
Silica-induced cytokine release from A549 cells: importance of surface area versus size

Physical and chemical properties such as structure, composition and surface reactivity determine the biological activity of mineral particles. Long-term exposureto crystalline silica is known to cause persistent pulmonary inflammation leading to adverse health effects. There is less information about the potential health effects of amorphous (noncrystal-line) silica. In this study, the inflammatory and cytotoxic potency of crystalline and amorphous silica in relation to particle size and surface area was assessed. Human epithelial lung cells (A549) were exposed to different size fractions of quartz (aerodynamic diameter 0.5,2 and 10 sm) and amorphous silica (diameter 0.3 pm). All particles induced increased release ofthe proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. When cells were exposed to equal masses of quartz, the smallest size fraction was the most potent. These differences, however, disappeared when cytokine release was related to equal surface areas. When amorphous silica and quartz were compared, the amorphoussilicawas mostpotentto induce IL-6 regardless of how exposure was expressed, whereas the smallest size fraction of quartz was the most potent inducer of IL-8. Thus, the surface area seems to be the critical determinant when potency of different sizes of quartz is compared.
Periventricular leukomalacia, inflammation and white matter lesions within the developing nervous system

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) occurring in premature infants, represents a major precursor for neurological and intellectual impairment, and cerebral palsy in later life. The disorder is characterized by multifocal areas of necrosis found deep in the cortical white matter, which are often symmetrical and occur adjacent to the lateral ventricles. There is no known cure for PVL. Factors predisposing to PVL include birth trauma, asphyxia and respiratory failure, cardiopulmonary defects, premature birth/low birthweight, associated immature cerebrovascular development and lack of appropriate autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in response to hypoxic‐ischemic insults. The intrinsic vulnerability of oligodendrocyte precursors is considered as central to the pathogenesis of PVL. These cells are susceptible to a variety of injurious stimuli including free radicals and excitotoxicity induced by hypoxic‐ischemic injury (resulting from cerebral hypoperfusion), lack of trophic stimuli, as well as secondary associated events involving microglial and astrocytic activation and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6. It is yet unclear whether activated astrocytes and microglia act as principal participants in the development of PVL lesions, or whether they are representatives of an incidental pathological response directed towards repair of tissue injury in PVL. Nevertheless, the accumulated evidence points to a pathological contribution of microglia towards damage. The topography of lesions in PVL most likely reflects a combination of the relatively immature cerebrovasculature together with a failure in perfusion and/or hypoxia during the greatest period of vulnerability occurring around mid‐to‐late gestation. Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PVL have so far been related to prenatal ischemic injury to the brain initiated within the third trimester, which result in global cognitive and developmental delay and motor disturbances. Over the past few years, several epidemiological and experimental studies have implicated intrauterine infection and chorioamnionitis as causative in the pathogenesis of PVL. In particular, recent investigations have shown that inflammatory responses in the fetus and neonate can contribute towards neonatal brain injury and development‐related disabilities including cerebral palsy. This review presents current concepts on the pathogenesis of PVL and emphasizes the increasing evidence for an inflammatory pathogenic component to this disorder, either resulting from hypoxic‐ischemic injury or from infection. These findings provide the basis for clinical approaches targeted at protecting the premature brain from inflammatory damage, which may prove beneficial for treating PVL, if identified early in pathogenesis.
Impaired flow‐dependent dilatation in distal mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1 The aim of the study was to examine the hypothesis that flow‐dependent dilatation is impaired in distal mesenteric arteries from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto rat (WKY) controls and to assess the role of nitric oxide (NO). 2 Arterial segments were cannulated, pressurized to 80 mmHg and allowed to develop spontaneous myogenic tone. Flow was increased incrementally in vessels from both strains and responses were also assessed before and after incubation with the NO synthase inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME). Responses to flow in control vessels were also assessed before and after intraluminal perfusion with antibody‐complement to disrupt the endothelium. 3 At a flow rate of 5 μl min−1, arteries from the WKY dilated significantly (22 ± 5 %, P< 0·01, n= 29) compared with the diameter at zero flow, whereas arteries from the SHR did not (4 ± 4 %, n.s., n= 16). Incubation with L‐NAME had no inhibitory effect on the responses to flow in either rat strain. In control arteries, antibody‐complement treatment abolished the dilatation in response to both flow and acetylcholine (ACh, 1 μM). 4 We conclude that flow‐dependent dilatation is impaired in distal mesenteric arteries from adult SHR compared with WKY controls. Furthermore, flow‐dependent dilatation is endothelium dependent, but L‐NAME insensitive, thus excluding the NO pathway in this abnormality. Impaired flow‐dependent dilatation may contribute to the increased peripheral resistance in hypertension.
Racial Disparities in Emergency Department Utilization for Dental/Oral Health-Related Conditions in Maryland

Objectives Hospital emergency departments (EDs) are a place where many Americans seek treatment of dental conditions. Racial and ethnic minorities consistently have higher rates of ED utilization than whites for dental conditions. The reasons for these disparities and significant public health concerns are investigated less often. In this paper, we measure trends in racial disparities in ED discharges for dental conditions in Maryland from 2010 to 2013. To understand these disparities, we also describe differences between racial groups in age, gender, income, location, payer, comorbidities, and the availability of dental care. Methods 2010–2013 State Emergency Department Data for Maryland were used in the analysis. Rates per 100,000 of the population are calculated using information from census population estimates. Cost-to-charge ratios are used to estimate the costs of ED discharges. Dental/oral health-related conditions (DOHRC) are defined as discharge diagnoses of ICD-9-CM codes 520.0 through 529.9. Descriptive statistics and fixed effects logistic regression models with a rare event correction are used to analyze the data. Results Blacks, especially females aged 25–34, have larger proportions of total ED discharges due to DOHRC, and higher population rates of DOHRC, than any other racial or ethnic group. In 2013, Blacks represented 30% of Maryland’s population and accounted for 52% of ED costs for DOHRC. Hispanics and those of other races have much lower rates of DOHRC discharges. The regression results show that the high proportion of DOHRC discharges among Blacks may be explained by the concentration of Blacks in low-income central cities with less access to dental care. Conclusion There are significant racial disparities in the ED utilization for DOHRC in Maryland. These disparities reflect the lack of access to dental care due to both cost and geographic limitations. This results in high healthcare costs and ineffective solutions for patients. Addressing oral health disparities will require policy solutions that are targeted to the populations most at need, and action plans that combine community and state level efforts.
Prognostic Significance of Presenting Blood Pressure in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

BACKGROUND We evaluated the impact of normal vs. high presenting blood pressure (BP) on clinical outcomes and cardiac function in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS In 11,292 patients, in-hospital mortality and major adverse clinical events (MACE; all-cause death, nonfatal MI, or any revascularization) during follow-up were compared between patients with normal (≥ 100 mm Hg and ≤ 139 mm Hg) and high (≥ 140 mm Hg) systolic BP at presentation. RESULTS Compared to patients with high BP, patients with normal BP had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (1.5% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.001), especially in those with prior hypertension, and higher rates of all-cause death (3.3% vs. 5.3%; P < 0.001) and MACE (9.8% vs. 11.8%; P = 0.04) during follow-up (median: 330 days). After multivariate adjustment, normal BP was associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.268; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.144-4.498; P = 0.019), but not all-cause death (adjusted HR = 0.956; 95% CI = 0.602-1.517) or MACE (adjusted HR = 0.935; 95% CI = 0.755-1.158). Left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline and follow-up was significantly lower in patients with normal BP (52% vs. 51%; P < 0.001 and 55% vs. 54%; P = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that patients with normal presenting BP, especially those with prior hypertension, exhibit higher in-hospital mortality and poorer cardiac function compared to patients with high BP. Although outcomes during follow-up did not differ, cardiac function was persistently poorer in patients who presented with normal BP.
Associative Asymmetry in S-R vs R-S Recall of Double-Function Lists

Contrary to the Asch-Ebenholtz principle of associative symmetry, significantly poorer backward (R–S) than forward (S–R) recall was demonstrated following the learning of double-function paired-associate lists, wherein each item appears once as a stimulus and again as a response term but is paired with two different other terms. Since equal availability of stimulus and response terms is guaranteed by the formal identity of the two sets within these double-function lists, thereby eliminating a major shortcoming of previous attempts to test the Asch-Ebenholtz thesis that S–R and R–S associations within each pair are necessarily equivalent in strength, the present results offer strong evidence against the validity of the principle of associative symmetry as applied to paired-associate learning.
Maternal occupational risk factors for oral clefts. Occupational Exposure and Congenital Malformation Working Group.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the role of maternal exposures at work during pregnancy in the occurrence of oral clefts. METHODS The occupational exposures of 851 women (100 mothers of babies with oral clefts and 751 mothers of healthy referents) who worked during the first trimester of pregnancy were studied. All the women were part of a multicenter European case-referent study conducted using 6 congenital malformation registers between 1989 and 1992. In each center, the mother's occupational history, obtained from an interview, was reviewed by industrial hygienists who were blinded to the subject's status and who assessed the presence of chemicals and the probability of exposure. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by a multivariate analysis including maternal occupation or occupational exposures during the first trimester of pregnancy and possible confounding factors such as center of recruitment, maternal age, urbanization, socioeconomic status, and country of origin. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors, cleft palate only was significantly associated with maternal occupation in services such as hairdressing [OR 5.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-26.0] and housekeeping (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.2). The analysis suggests that the following occupational exposures are associated with orofacial clefts: aliphatic aldehydes (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.8-5.9) and glycol ethers (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.3) for cleft lip with or without cleft palate and lead compounds (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.2), biocides (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.0), antineoplastic drugs (OR 5.0, 95% CI 0.8-34.0), trichloroethylene (OR 6.7, 95% CI 0.9-49.7), and aliphatic acids (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.5-22.8) for cleft palate only. CONCLUSIONS Due to the limited number of subjects, these results must be interpreted with caution. However, they point out some chemicals already known or suspected as reproductive toxins.
Increased Efficiency of Weight Gain and Altered Cellularity of Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats with Impaired Glucose Tolerance During Diet-induced Overfeeding

We examined the relationship among glucose tolerance, efficiency of weight gain, and cellularity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats (initial weight: 362 ± 1 g) made hyperphagic and obese by feeding on a highly palatable “cafeteria” (CAF) diet for 4–8 wk. As compared with chow-fed controls, CAF feeding resulted in a 45–60% increase in caloric intake (P < 0.01), a 40–50% increase in weight gain (P < 0.01), and hyperinsulinemia. Glucose disposal rate (K) on intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was ≥ 1.4% in all chow-fed rats, but fell to ≤ 1.3 in 10 of 23 CAF-fed rats. As compared with the chow-fed controls, rats with normal glucose tolerance demonstrated a 12% decline in efficiency of weight gain (g/100 kcal of food consumed) in response to CAF feeding (P < 0.05). In marked contrast, in rats with impaired glucose tolerance, efficiency of weight gain failed to decline in response to overfeeding and was 18% higher than in the overfed group with normal glucose tolerance (P < 0.01). Although CAF feeding increased the mass of interscapular BAT by 110–130% in rats with normal as well as impaired glucose tolerance, DNA content of BAT rose only in the normal-K CAF-fed rats (0.19 ± 0.01 mg DNA/100 mg versus 0.12 ± 0.02 in chow-fed controls and 0.12 ± 0.01 in low-K rats). We conclude that (1) impaired glucose tolerance accompanying dietary-induced obesity is associated with an increase in efficiency of weight gain and (2) failure of BAT cellularity to increase may contribute to the increase in efficiency. These data suggest that the link between obesity and diabetes may be bidirectional: obesity increases the risk of diabetes while impaired glucose tolerance may accelerate the development of obesity by enhancing efficiency of weight gain.
Design criteria for rotating flow cells in rectangular aquaculture tanks

This work analyzes the simplest inlet and outlet configurations that create homogeneous rotating flow cells in rectangular aquaculture tanks, in order to combine the advantages of rectangular and circular tanks. All the configurations analyzed had a single jet discharge per rotating flow cell, with the drain placed in the center of each rotating flow cell. Length/width ratios (L/W) of 0.95, 1.43 and 1.91 were tested. In addition, the effect of placing oblique baffles in the walls to redirect the water currents was assessed. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale tank with a Reynolds number of approximately 6000. Particle tracking velocimetry techniques were used to characterize the flow pattern in a horizontal cross-section at the midpoint of the water depth. A tank resistance coefficient (Ct) was defined in order to characterize the resistance offered by each tank configuration to the circulation of water. Results indicated that when L/W was increased from 0.95 to 1.43, the main vortex that was formed occupied most of the rotating cell area and did not create significant dead volumes in the tank. A L/W ratio of 1.91 dramatically reduced flow uniformity and hardly increased Ct values. The presence of baffles contributed to high velocities in the area around the center drains and decreased Ct values by 30–35%. Higher velocities are critical to the self-cleaning properties of the tank. The calculation of a Ct value makes it easier to obtain the desired average velocities in the tank by adjusting the water exchange rate and the water jet discharge velocity. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.