Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teaching clinical trial design and management using an online virtual environment

Providing pharmaceutical science students relevant and authentic work-related experience in conducting clinical trials is difficult within the constraints of a university course. Students undertaking courses in the design and management of clinical trials cannot experiment on humans due to practical and ethical reasons. This study evaluates the use of an online virtual environment, called the Island, as a method for overcoming these limitations by giving students the opportunity to conduct clinical trials in a virtual world. In this study, the Island was integrated into tutorial and projects for a course in clinical trial design and management. Island-based tutorials were used to demonstrate, apply, reinforce and assess understanding of clinical trial concepts covered in lectures. The Island was also used for project-based work where students designed a clinical trial, developed a research proposal, conducted the trial using the Island, wrote up a research report and participated in a clinical audit. This paper describes the integration of the Island into the clinical trial course and evaluates students’ perceptions of its implementation. The major strengths and limitations of the implementation are discussed. The authors conclude that delivering future courses without the use of the Island would be difficult to conceive.
The Effect of Changes in Funds Budget for Results Against the Changes in Capital Expenditure Budget in District / City in Aceh Province

This study aims to find out how the effect of changes in revenue sharing budget on changes in capital expenditure in Districts / Municipalities in Aceh Province. The population in this study is financial report of Local Government which obtained from the data expenditure budget in the form of data on revenue-sharing and capital expenditure in 23 District / Municipalities in Aceh from 2014 to 2016 with total population of 69 LKPD. This method using linear regression analysis as a method of data analysis results of this study demonstrate profit sharing funds (PROFIT SHARING FUNDS (DBH)) Budget Changes affect the Capital Expenditure Budget Changes in District/ Municipalities in
Financial Distress and Risky Innovation

We investigate the relation between financial distress and the riskiness of innovation as indicated by the degree to which new patents differ from a firm’s existing patent base. We find that firms with higher debt levels, less cash, a lower market-to-book ratio, or poorer past performance all subsequently choose more risky innovation. The effect is shown to be unrelated to financial constraints, per se, emphasizing the importance of anticipated financial distress. We also find that firms increase the riskiness of innovations just before they cease generating patents and also prior to being delisted. Our results suggest that firms moving toward financial distress shift their research activities toward more risky endeavors. The authors wish to thank seminar participants at the Financial Economics Brown Bag (Darden), University of Michigan Brown Bag Seminar, and Cornell University for helpful comments. This research also benefited from comments by Yael Grushka-Cockayne and Casey Lichendahl. *University of Virginia, Darden School of Business, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, Contact Author: Marc Lipson, mlipson@virginia.edu, 434-409-7001.
Postpartum haemorrhage : defining incidence and modelling risk factors to predict different thresholds of blood loss

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 5 LIST OF TABLES . 9 LIST OF FIGURES . 11 ABBREVIATIONS . 12 LIST OF ABSTRACTS AND PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THIS THESIS.14 ORIGINAL ARTICLES: . 14 ABSTRACTS: . 14 ACCEPTED FOR ORAL PRESENTATION: . 14 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 15 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 15 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS . 25 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND . 27 2.
Predicting the Strength Properties of Swelling Clay

This paper studies empirical correlation between expansive soil index properties and soil strength.Disturb soil samples from different areas in Sudan were collected to represent the most expansively soils in the country. The samples were collected from AlQadarif (S1), Wad Medani (S2) and Al-Giraif East in Khartoum (S3). The basic properties of the soil samples were measured. The three soils give high plasticity and very weak strength. The chemical analysis shown that S1 has the highest montmorillonite mineral than the other two soils. Therefore S1 is considered as the most expansively soil compared with the other soils. The consistency factor which was developed can be used to correlate the basic properties of the soil with the soilstrength. The consistency factor is a combination of the moisture content, dry density, void ratio, liquid limit and plasticity index. These parameters are combined in a way reflecting the influence of each of them on the soil property. The strength properties (CBR and UCS) were measured for the soil samples compacted at different moisture content and different dry densities.Very good linear relationships were developed between the consistency factor and the strength properties. The correlations developed were verified by using the data of this study and the data reported by some previous researchers. The developed correlation was plotted on Nomograph.
Identifying Cross-Sided Liquidity Externalities: A Tale of the Two-sided Markets

We investigate the cross-sided liquidity externality between market makers and takers, by testing the empirical implications of the Foucault, Kadan, and Kandel (2012) model and study its relevance from the two-sided market perspective. We use exogenous changes in the make/take fee structure and a technological shock for liquidity takers, as experiments to identify a new type of liquidity externality and cross-side complementarities of liquidity makers and takers in the U.S. equity market. We find support for positive liquidity externalities between liquidity providers and takers. Using the estimate of the externality from the instrumental variable regression, we find that the loss in revenue due to the increased subsidization of liquidity demanders from a fee change in a trading venue exceeds the increase in trading rate and revenue from the positive cross-sided liquidity externality. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for liquidity externalities in the pricing strategy of trading venues. Our findings also shed light on the way the order-posting behavior of market makers and takers is interrelated and contribute to the on-going policy debate on the maker/taker practices in U.S. equity markets.
The Effects of Pressure and Temperature on Partial Discharge Degradation of Silicone Conformal Coatings

The partial discharge damage rates for silicone-coated printed circuit boards have been quantified in a series of experiments at pressures and temperatures relevant to the aerospace industry (down to 116 mbar, –55°C to +70°C) and up to 6 kV. Surface cracking was observed, and damage magnitude was found to be non-linear with coating thickness, with thinner coatings experiencing relatively greater damage rates. This is attributed to higher surface electric fields for a given energisation voltage. Increasing temperature or reducing pressure increased the rate of damage. For coating thicknesses less than 100 μm, reducing pressure to 116 mbar (1 mbar = 100 Pa) increased the relative crack growth rate by nearly an order of magnitude. Temperature change had the most profound influence on damage; low temperatures were observed to substantially reduce damage rate, with very little or no damage observed, whereas higher temperatures substantially increased damage rate, with the resulting magnitude of surface damage too large to quantify. Silicone coatings of thickness greater than 250 μm showed no appreciable damage from partial discharge when aged at either low pressure or high temperature at voltages up to 6 kV. Corresponding damage-free surface electric fields are computed. No samples were observed to fail, indicating the robustness of high quality silicone coatings. Possible causes of crack formation in silicone are discussed. Index Terms — Aerospace testing, Partial discharges, Coatings, Aircraft power systems, Power electronics
A Framework for Improvement

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDElines are “systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. ” Their successful implementation should improve quality of care by decreasing inappropriate variation and expediting the application of effective advances to everyday practice. Despite wide promulgation, guidelines have had limited effect on changing physician behavior. In general, little is known about the process and factors responsible for how physicians change their practice methods when they become aware of a guideline. Physician adherence to guidelines may be hindered by a variety of barriers. A theoretical approach can help explain these barriers and possibly help target interventions to specific barriers. In this article, we review barriers to physician adherence to practice guidelines. Such knowledge can help developers of guidelines, practice directors, and health care services researchers design effective interventions to change physician practice. METHODS Data Sources We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify barriers to guideline adherence. We searched all articles, limited to the English language and human subjects, published from January 1966 to January 1998
How cute do I sound ? : The iconic function of segmental alternation in Korean baby-talk register , Aegyo

This paper presents the corpus and experimental studies of segmental alternation as strategies of the babytalk register in Korean, Aegyo. Using a frequency analysis on Twitter and a cuteness-rating experiment, we address questions about the relationship between types of segmental alternation used in the Aegyo register and the iconic strength of Aegyo expressions. We find that the preference for Aegyo expressions and the degree of cuteness of Aegyo forms are determined by how natural the sound sequence resulting from the alternations was in Korean phonological structure. This suggests an interaction between the pure phonological constraints and the register-specific constraints in core grammar. We also find evidence that gender and age can be at play as a scaling factor of the register-specific constraints: older speakers and female speakers are more sensitive than are younger and male speakers to levels of cuteness in Aegyo expressions, depending on the segmental alternation used in the expressions. This is because the function of Aegyo register is to set up a special childlike persona of addressers in intimate relationship by rejecting mature language and intentionally speaking like a child. *
An analysis of the performance of UPC implementations

UPC is a parallel programming language based on partitioned global memory model. In this memory model, each thread owns its private memory and has a logical association (affinity) with a portion of the shared memory. Accessing data in local shared memory space, which resides the thread’s own memory with an affinity, is faster than that in remote shared memory space, which resides other threads’ memory. The partitioned global memory model brings some opportunity for UPC to improve the code performance, while the overhead of the remote data communication, especially accessing the remote shared data, can damage the performance. This thesis is a performance comparison of currently available UPC implementations. We study two available UPC compilers and two parallel architectures which supports one or both compilers. The compilers are the Berkeley UPC compiler and the Cray UPC compiler. The parallel architectures used in this study are a quad-core Cray XT4 system and a Cray X2 system. Benchmarks in the UPC NAS suite and UPC_bench suite have been run on the available UPC implementations. The corresponding MPI version of the UPC NAS suite and the UPC_bench suite are also measured to conduct a performance comparison between the UPC version and MPI version. A synthetic benchmark is used to measure fine-grained and coarse-grained shared memory accesses. This performance measurement and evaluation provides a snapshot of the relative performance of current UPC implementations.
FLOW CYTOMETRY 2011: FLOW CYTOMETRY HARDWARE, REAGENTS AND SOFTWARE

Flow cytometry provides the capacity to examine rapidly thousands of cells stained with monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorescent dyes. Cells may also be assessed for their uptake of fluorescent markers specific to their cell membranes or nuclear proteins. Each cell is individually assessed for a variety of characteristics such as size and biochemical and/or antigenic composition; one relatively newer technology additionally permits confocal-like microscopic images to additionally be obtained. High precision and sensitivity, combined with the large numbers of cells that can be examined permits resolution of even very minor subpopulations from complex mixtures with high levels of statistical validity. The capacity to physically separate these subpopulations by flow sorting allows further functional, morphological and molecular correlations to be determined.
Int. J. Biosci

Nutrients from Fishes have beneficiary effects on health. To estimate and compare the nutritional status, biochemical compositions of two fish species, Ayre (Sperata aor) and Kani pabda (Ompok bimaculatus), were determined. Kani pabda fish contained higher amount of protein (15.295%) than Ayre fish (13.119%) whereas, lipid content of Ayre was higher (1.90%) than that of Kani pabda (1.31%). All other parameters like moisture, ash and total sugar content were investigated and found to be high in Ayre compared to Kani pabda. The percentage of oil from Ayre and Kani pabda fish powder were 18.22 and 12.59, respectively. The acid value, percentage of FFAs, iodine value and peroxide value of Ayre fish oil were found to be 16.59 (mg KOH/g), 8.342%, 129.337 (mg I/g oil) and 11.55 (meq O2/1000g), respectively, higher than those of Kani pabda fish oil. Similar parameters have also been studied for lecithins extracted from both species having higher oxidative stability due to the presence of natural antioxidants. Consumption of these fish species can prevent malnutrition diseases being a part of proper balanced diet and as a rich source of micronutrients. Furthermore, oil and lecithin isolated from the fish powder provide unsaturated fatty acid molecules that can become useful in food and pharmaceutical industries. * Corresponding Author: Sayad Md. Didarul Alam  didarulalam06@gmail.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 7, No. 6, p. 92-102, 2015
Information Operations Increase Civilian Security Cooperation

Information operations are considered a central element of modern warfare and counterinsurgency, yet there remains little systematic evidence of their effectiveness. Using a geographic quasi-experiment conducted during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, we demonstrate that civilians exposed to the government’s information campaign resulted in more civilian security cooperation, which in turn increased bomb neutralisations. These results are robust to a number of alternative model specifications that account for troop presence, patrol-based operations, and local military aid allocation. The paper demonstrates that information campaigns can lead to substantive attitudinal and behavioural changes in an adversarial environment and substantially improve battlefield outcomes.
Profitability of Investment in Fish Farming Enterprise in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria

This paper investigated profitability of investment in fish farming enterprise in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers in the study area, examined the cost and return to fish farming enterprise and determined the factors that affect investment in fish farming enterprise in the study area. The study was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for this study. A total number of 120 fish farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression model. The results for the entire respondents showed average values of 46 and 10 years for age and years of experience, respectively. Majority of respondents were married (85%), male (93%) and educated (88%). The estimated costs and return to fish farming enterprise on the average in the study area were N 749,661 and N 615,761 per annum whereas the total revenue on the average was N1715, 512, while average total cost was ₦ 1,099,751. The benefit cost ratio and rate of return analysis were 1.23 and 0.35, respectively. Cost of feeding, cost of constructing pond, cost of labour, years of farming experience, household size, and cost of lime and fertilizer negatively and significantly (p<0.1) affect the investment in fish farming enterprise while profit expectation positively affects the investment in fish farming enterprise. Following the findings of the study, the government and non-governmental agencies should provide fish farmers with adequate access to credit facilities. Also, inputs should be made available to the fish farmers at the right time, quantity, quality and at subsidized prices.
A Cross-Country Comparison of Sustainable Energy Development in Selected EU Members

Two major international frameworks provide landmarks for future development paths: the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement. Monitoring the progress towards achieving the individual goals must take into account a multitude of synergies and trade-offs. In this paper we use composite indices to analyze climate and energy policies in selected EU member countries. These results show that, in general, the improvements regarding energy efficiency, emissions and deployment of renewables have been moderate in the period under observation (2005–2015). This hints at the time needed for restructuring to take place, which underlines the importance of credible political commitments to climate targets, the implementation of ambitious instruments and the need for stability in the guiding frameworks to effectuate substantial changes. In addition, the analysis of the selected countries shows that they are characterized by very specific energy systems (complemented by specific social structures), and this determines the challenges that each country must overcome on the way to decarbonization and sustainable development. While the SDGs are to be implemented on a global scale, it is necessary to adapt them to the characteristics of a given country or region. Reliable and long-term quantitative data that is comparable across countries or regions and that takes into account the social dimension is required to be able to monitor the overall progress of SGD implementation.
Statistical Simulations Using the CALIS Procedure

The purpose of this paper is to describe how to conduct statistical simulations of covariance structure models using SAS BASE, SAS STAT and the new CALIS program. Other covariance structure programs like LISREL (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1989) and EQS (Bentler, 1989) have statistical simulation capabilities. In this respect, CALIS is not as useful as these other programs. However, as shown below the SAS program can be used to conduct general statistical simulations for covariance structure models. The program consists of generating data based on the regression equations for the hypothesized model in the DATA step, estimating the model in CALIS and then repeating this step for a number of replications to determine the sampling variability of simulation statistics. The method is illustrated for a manifest variable mediation model, a one factor measurement model, and a three factor mediation model with multiple indicators.
Erratum to "The integer cohomology algebra of toric arrangements".

We point out two errors in the paper "The integer cohomology algebra of toric arrangements, Advances in Mathematics, Vol. 313, pp.~746--802, 2017. The main error concerns Theorem 4.2. 17. In particular the Diagram (8) does not commute in general. This invalidates the description for the ring structure of $H^*(M(\mathcal{A});\mathbb{Z})$ given in Theorem A and B. Still, under some restrictive hypotesis on $\mathcal{A}$ the results of Theorem 4.2. 17 holds. We show a workaround to provide a description of the cohomology ring $H^*(M(\mathcal{A});\mathbb{Z})$ when $\mathcal{A}$ is a real complexified toric arrangement. The second error concerns the proof Theorem 7.2. 1. The claim holds, but the proof is incorrect. We refer to a counterexample for the argument given in the proof and we provide references for a correct proof.
IPGuard: Protecting the Intellectual Property of Deep Neural Networks via Fingerprinting the Classification Boundary

A deep neural network (DNN) classifier represents a model owner's intellectual property as training a DNN classifier often requires lots of resource. Watermarking was recently proposed to protect the intellectual property of DNN classifiers. However, watermarking suffers from a key limitation: it sacrifices the utility/accuracy of the model owner's classifier because it tampers the classifier's training or fine-tuning process. In this work, we propose IPGuard, the first method to protect intellectual property of DNN classifiers that provably incurs no accuracy loss for the classifiers. Our key observation is that a DNN classifier can be uniquely represented by its classification boundary. Based on this observation, IPGuard extracts some data points near the classification boundary of the model owner's classifier and uses them to fingerprint the classifier. A DNN classifier is said to be a pirated version of the model owner's classifier if they predict the same labels for most fingerprinting data points. IPGuard is qualitatively different from watermarking. Specifically, IPGuard extracts fingerprinting data points near the classification boundary of a classifier that is already trained, while watermarking embeds watermarks into a classifier during its training or fine-tuning process. We extensively evaluate IPGuard on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets. Our results show that IPGuard can robustly identify post-processed versions of the model owner's classifier as pirated versions of the classifier, and IPGuard can identify classifiers, which are not the model owner's classifier nor its post-processed versions, as non-pirated versions of the classifier.