Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells as an adjuvant treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma: a retrospective study of 165 patients.

BACKGROUND Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have demonstrated antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CIK cell treatment as an adjuvant immunotherapy on the prognosis of gastric carcinoma in patients after surgery. METHODS The patients with stage II-III gastric carcinoma after gastrectomy, including 53 patients receiving autologous CIK cell treatment combined with chemotherapy (CIK group) and 112 patients in the corresponding period receiving chemotherapy alone (control group), were retrospectively studied. The patients in the CIK group were matched to those in the control group regarding the sex and age of patients, tumor site, histological type, pathological grade, tumor size, clinical stage, and chemotherapy plan. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS The 5-year OS rate in the CIK group was significantly improved compared to that in the control group (56.6% vs. 26.8%, p=0.014). The 5-year PFS rate in the CIK group was also significantly improved compared to that in the control group (49.1% vs. 24.1%, p=0.026). The median PFS (36.0 months) and OS (96.0 months) in the CIK group were significantly prolonged than those in the control group (23.0 months for median PFS and 32.0 months for median OS, p=0.028 and p=0.003). No serious side effect was observed in the CIK group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that immunotherapy with CIK cells may serve as an adjuvant treatment to prolong the survival of patients with stage II-III gastric carcinoma.
Waist Circumference and Waist/Hip Ratio Are Better Predictive Risk Factors for Mortality and Morbidity after Colorectal Surgery Than Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area

Objectives:To determine whether body fat distribution, measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist/hip ratio (WHR), is a better predictor of mortality and morbidity after colorectal surgery than body mass index (BMI) or body surface area (BSA). Background:Obesity measured by BMI is not a consistent risk factor for postoperative mortality and morbidity after abdominal surgery. Studies in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases have shown WC and WHR to be better outcome predictors than BMI. Methods:A prospective multicenter international study was conducted among patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. The WHR, BMI, and BSA were derived from body weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences measured preoperatively. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for postoperative outcomes. Results:A total of 1349 patients (754 men) from 38 centers in 11 countries were included. Increasing WHR significantly increased the risk of conversion [odds ratio (OR) = 15.7, relative risk (RR) = 4.1], intraoperative complications (OR = 11.0, RR = 3.2), postoperative surgical complications (OR = 7.7, RR = 2.0), medical complications (OR = 13.2, RR = 2.5), anastomotic leak (OR = 13.7, RR = 3.3), reoperations (OR = 13.3, RR = 2.9), and death (OR = 653.1, RR = 21.8). Both BMI (OR = 39.5, RR = 1.1) and BSA (OR = 4.9, RR = 3.1) were associated with an increased risk of abdominal wound complication. In multivariate analysis, the WHR predicted intraoperative complications, conversion, medical complications, and reinterventions, whereas BMI was a risk factor only for abdominal wall complications; BSA did not reach significance for any outcome. Conclusions:The WHR is predictive of adverse events after elective colorectal surgery. It should be used in routine clinical practice and in future risk-estimating systems.
AGENCY PROBLEMS AND ENDOGENOUS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS

This paper proposes a theory of investment fluctuations where the source of the oscillating dynamics is an agency problem between financiers and entrepreneurs. A central tenet of the theory is that investment decisions de- pend upon entrepreneurs' initiative to select investment projects ex-ante, and financiers' incentive to control entrepreneurs ex-post . T oo much control discour- ages entrepreneurial incentive to initiate new investment, while too little control jeopardizes its productivity. This initiative-control trade-off generates invest- ment dynamics that mimic those of a standard credit frictions model, in which more entrepreneurial net worth leads to higher investment. The same trade-off is capable of generating endogenous reversal of investment booms, induced by an ongoing deterioration of project profitability. Investment fluctuations may take place even though no external shocks hit the economy, and even though agents are perfectly rational. JEL:E 32, E 24; Keywords: Credit market imperfections; Double moral haz- ard; Business cycles; Endogenous fluctuations.
Clinical Reasoning, Looking Back

Expert clinical reasoning is a vital skill for occupational therapists, particularly in today's rapidly changing health care environment. Clinical reasoning may be the strongest building block of the profession as it diversifies and grows to meet the challenges of the new millennium. Therefore, it is a critical time to continue the research to understand, further develop, and expand occupational therapy's knowledge of clinical reasoning. This article describes the development of the occupational therapy clinical reasoning process and compares it to that of medicine and nursing.
Current Practice and Outcomes of Off-pump Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass

Outcomes of off-pump multivessel coronary artery bypass were compared with those of the on-pump procedure. From July 2001 to June 2006, 3,637 patients with multivessel coronary disease underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass, and 3,586 patients had on-pump coronary artery bypass in our center. The rates of operative mortality, permanent stroke, renal failure and perioperative myocardial infarction were significantly lower in the off-pump group, and these patients required fewer blood transfusions, shorter durations of ventilatory support, and shorter hospital stays. However, the patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass were considered more high-risk and tended to have more complex procedures.
Doing time-travel: performing past and present at the prison museum

[From introduction] The transformation of former prisons to sites of “dark tourism” reflects a recent trend in the use of decommissioned buildings for alternative purposes, such as museums and other heritage sites, which particularly emphasise “representations of death, disaster or atrocity for pedagogical and commercial purposes” (Walby and Piche, 2011: 452). Prisons are spaces that hold a morbid fascination for visitors who are unlikely to ever encounter such a space in their everyday lives (Strange and Kempa, 2003). Far from a traditional tourist site, the prison museum is built upon consumer desire to access the inaccessible; to glimpse a life on the ‘inside’ and all its assumed horrors from the comfort of being on the ‘outside’ (Turner, 2013) – with the choice and liberty, of course, to enter, to leave, to accept or to reject any given exhibition or display (see Hall, 1973). Prison museums cater, on the one hand, to a market of visitors seeking such tourist experiences for entertainment (Adams, 2001; Schrift, 2004). On the other hand, they function to educate visitors about penal pasts, shaping contemporary understandings through engagement with carceral histories (see, for example, Baker, 2014: 1). In this chapter we attend to the ways in which a particular prison museum – the Galleries of Justice, in Nottingham, U.K. – informs and entertains while making the past usable in the present.
Determination of the optical properties of the human uterus using frequency-domain photon migration and steady-state techniques

The optical properties (absorption and transport scattering coefficients) of freshly excised, bulk human uterine tissues were measured at 630 nm using frequency-domain and steady-state photon migration techniques. Measurements were made on both normal (pre- and post-menopausal) and non-neoplastic fibrotic tissues. The absorption coefficient of normal postmenopausal tissue ( approximately 0.06 mm-1) was found to be significantly greater than that of normal pre-menopausal tissue (0.02-0.03 mm-1) and pre-menopausal fibrotic tissue (0.008 mm-1). The transport scattering coefficient was similar in all three tissue types considered (0.6-0.9 mm-1). From the preliminary results presented here, the authors conclude that optical properties can be reliably calculated either from the frequency-dependent behaviour of diffusely propagating photon density waves or by combining the frequency-independent photon density wave phase velocity with steady-state light penetration depth measurements. Instrument bandwidth and tissue absorption relaxation time ultimately determine the useful frequency range necessary for frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) measurements. Based on the optical properties measured in this study, the authors estimate that noninvasive FDPM measurements of normal uterine tissue require modulation frequencies in excess of 350 MHz.
Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Recent physical activity (PA) and fitness transitions, identified as behavioural shifts from traditionally active lifestyles to more industralised and sedentary lifestyles, have been observed among school-aged children. There is a wealth of supporting evidence of such behavioural transitions in high income countries; however, a paucity of data on lower income countries exists. These transitions pose a particular threat to the welfare of children by accelerating the onset of chronic diseases. This systematic review investigated the evidence for a PA and fitness transition among Sub-Saharan Africa’s school-aged children. Temporal trends and correlates of PA, SB, and fitness were examined. Studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Africa Index Medicus, Global Health, Geobase, and EPPI-Centre electronic databases, and were included if they measured outcomes of interest in apparently healthy samples of children (5‒17 years). A total of 71 articles met the inclusion criteria (40 informed PA, 17 informed SB, and 37 informed fitness). Vast heterogeneity in study methodology complicated analysis of transitions over time and no temporal trends were immediately discernible. However, higher socioeconomic status, urban living, and female children were found to engage in lower levels of PA, higher SB, and performed worse on aerobic fitness measures compared to lower socioeconomic status, rural living, and male children. Data revealed that urbanization was associated with a trend towards decreased PA, increased SB, and decreased aerobic fitness over time. Representative, temporally sequenced data examining a PA and fitness transition are lacking in this region (PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42013004399).
Sugammadex Reduces Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Trial

Background: Morbid obese (MO) population is increasing every year worldwide, and laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS) has a central role in their treatment. The postoperative period of MO is not free from complications. The introduction of sugammadex has brought huge developments in patient’s safety and nowadays LBS is performed with better care and quality. However, the effect of this agent in postoperative pain is still unknown. Materials and Methods: A controlled trial enrolling 88 MO submitted to LBS under general anesthesia using muscle relaxation, randomly assigned into 2 groups: one received sugammadex (SUG group) at the end of surgery and the other neostigmine (NEO group). In the postanesthetic care unit (PACU), we evaluated pain using the visual analogue scale in 4 different moments: arrival in the PACU, 30 minutes after arrival, 60 minutes after arrival, and immediately before leaving the PACU. We also recorded the presence of postoperative nausea and vomits (PONV) and the duration of the PACU stay before discharge to the ward. Results: Forty-four patients received sugammadex and 44 received neostigmine. We found lower visual analogue scale pain scores in the SUG group at 30 and 60 minutes after arriving to the PACU (P<0.05). We also had less PONV in the SUG group and these patients were also discharged earlier. Conclusions: Sugammadex is associated with less pain felt in the PACU. This “opioid-sparing” effect, combined with less PONV and a faster discharge from the PACU, makes sugammadex an indispensable drug in this type of patients and allows fast-track surgery in the MO.
ETDRS-fast: implementing psychophysical adaptive methods to standardized visual acuity measurement with ETDRS charts.

PURPOSE To measure visual acuity (VA) on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts with a modified faster procedure (ETDRS-Fast), based on adaptive psychophysics methods and to assess the method's validity and reproducibility. METHODS Whereas the standard method for measuring VA with the ETDRS charts requires that the subject read all the letters beginning with the top row, in the ETDRS-Fast procedure, the subject is asked to read only one letter per row until a mistake is made. Then, following simple rules, the examiner finds a row from which the subject can begin reading all the letters downward, thus making the method identical with the standard method near threshold. VA determination was performed twice with both methods in 57 subjects in two separate sessions to assess validity and reproducibility. RESULTS In both sessions the correlation between the two procedures was high (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.95), confirming the validity of the ETDRS-Fast procedure. Reproducibility was good for both procedures, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.94 for the standard and 0.96 for the ETDRS-Fast method. The ETDRS-Fast procedure allowed a significantly shorter test duration (-30%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Adaptive procedures allow accurate and fast determination of psychophysical thresholds by reducing the number of stimulus presentations when the subject is far from threshold. In the ETDRS-Fast method a few simple rules applied to optotype chart reading allow adaptation to each patient's level of VA. The ETDRS-Fast procedure significantly reduces test time and still yields results that are as accurate as those obtained with the standard method.
Temporal patterns of induction and recovery of biomarker transcriptional responses to 4‐Nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol in the estuarine arrow goby, Clevelandia ios

Several estuaries along the Pacific Ocean coast of North America were identified recently as having elevated 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP) in sediments and biota, raising concerns about reproductive impacts for wildlife given 4‐NP's established estrogenic activity as an endocrine‐disrupting compound. Here we characterize 4‐NP mediated induction and recovery of estrogen‐sensitive gene transcripts in the arrow goby (Clevelandia ios), an intertidal fish abundant in estuarine mud flats on the west coast of North America. Male gobies were exposed to waterborne 4‐NP at 10 μg/L or 100 μg/L for 20 days followed by a 20 day depuration period. Additional males were treated with 17β‐estradiol (E2; 50 ng/L). 4‐NP at 100 μg/L elevated hepatic mRNAs encoding vitellogenins A (vtgA) and C (vtgC) and choriogenin L (chgL) within 72 h, and choriogenin H minor (chgHm) within 12 days. Hepatic mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor alpha (esr1) were also elevated after 12 days of 4‐NP exposure, but returned to pre‐exposure levels at 20 days even under continuing 4‐NP treatment. 4‐NP did not alter mRNA levels of estrogen receptor gamma (esr2a) in the liver, or of esr1, esr2a, and cytochrome P450 aromatase B (cyp19a1b) in the brain. The temporal pattern of initial induction for hepatic vtgA, vtgC, and chgL transcripts by 4‐NP mirrored the pattern by E2, while chgHm and esr1 mRNA induction by 4‐NP lagged 2–11 days behind the responses of these transcripts to E2. These findings establish 4‐NP concentration‐ and time‐dependent induction patterns of choriogenin and vitellogenin transcription following exposure to environmentally relevant 4‐NP concentrations, while concurrently demonstrating tissue‐specific induction patterns for esr1 by estrogenic compounds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1513–1529, 2017.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Nurses’ Innovation Behavior

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on nurses' innovation work behavior and its dimensions. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study employed the 10-item Innovation Work Behavior Questionnaire and the 8-item Entrepreneurial Leadership Questionnaire to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on the innovation work behavior of 273 nurses from public and private hospitals in Iran. FINDINGS Entrepreneurial leadership had a significant positive impact on nurses' innovation work behavior and most strongly improved idea exploration, followed by idea generation, idea implementation, and idea championing. CONCLUSIONS Entrepreneurial leadership was effective in enhancing nurses' innovation work behavior. More attention needs to be focused on developing entrepreneurial leadership competencies and on developing nurse leaders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Healthcare policies and strategies are needed to facilitate the implementation of entrepreneurial leadership by providing healthcare leaders with the appropriate environment.
The effect of the screw pull-out rate on cortical screw purchase in unreamed and reamed synthetic long bones

Abstract Orthopaedic fracture fixation constructs are typically mounted on to human long bones using cortical screws. Biomechanical studies are increasingly employing commercially available synthetic bones. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of the screw pull-out rate and canal reaming on the cortical bone screw purchase strength in synthetic bone. Cylinders made of synthetic material were used to simulate unreamed (foam-filled) and reamed (hollow) human long bone with an outer diameter of 35 mm and a cortex wall thickness of 4 mm. The unreamed and reamed cylinders each had 56 sites along their lengths into which orthopaedic cortical bone screws (major diameter, 3.5 mm) were inserted to engage both cortices. The 16 test groups (n = 7 screw sites per group) had screws extracted at rates of 1 mm/min, 5 mm/min, 10 mm/min, 20 mm/min, 30 mm/min, 40 mm/min, 50 mm/min, and 60 mm/min. The failure force and failure stress increased and were highly linearly correlated with pull-out rate for reamed (R2 = 0.60 and 0.60), but not for unreamed (R2 = 0.00 and 0.00) specimens. The failure displacement and failure energy were relatively unchanged with pull-out rate, yielding low coefficients for unreamed (R2 = 0.25 and 0.00) and reamed (R2 = 0.27 and 0.00) groups. Unreamed versus reamed specimens were statistically different for failure force (p = 0.000) and stress (p = 0.000), but not for failure displacement (p = 0.297) and energy (0.054
Yes we can achieve in mathematics and why we don't: African American female eleventh and twelfth grade students in a career and technical setting

YES WE CAN ACHIEVE IN MATHEMATICS AND WHY WE DON'T: AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH GRADE STUDENTS IN A CAREER AND TECHNICAL SETTING Courtenay G. Mayes September 29,2011 The underachievement of African American students in the mathematics classroom and the underrepresentation of African Americans in advanced mathematics courses and mathematics related career fields has been a concern for the mathematics education community for many years. The objective of this research was to investigate the perceptions and mathematical experiences of seven African American female high school students who were on a continuum from succeeding at high levels to struggling in mathematics. These particular African American females were eleventh and twelfth grade students enrolled at a career and technical high school located in the Midwestern United States of America. This study utilized a phenomenological research design to get a true depiction of the participant's perceptions of their mathematical experiences. Purposeful sampling was used to select the seven research participants. Of the seven African American female research participants in grades 11-12 interviewed, three were successful, two were middle performing, and two were not persisting and achieving in the mathematics classroom. Also, to triangulate the data, the investigator interviewed the two mathematics teachers of the research participants. A quantitative analysis of existing data, mathematics autobiographies (Berry, 2002) and Fennema-Sherman Attitude Scale
Opioid Prescriptions in Canadian Workers’ Compensation Claimants: Prescription Trends and Associations Between Early Prescription and Future Recovery

Study Design. Historical cohort study. Objective. We investigated the prescription of opioids in injured Canadian workers to determine recent trends in use and the association between early prescription and future recovery. Summary of Background Data. Opioid analgesia is effective for reducing chronic nonmalignant pain, and opioid prescriptions for musculoskeletal pain seem to have increased over the past years. However, recent evidence indicates early opioid use may be associated with delayed recovery in patients with back pain. Methods. Data were extracted from the Alberta Workers’ Compensation Board administrative database, and information was obtained on all time loss claims for sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, amputations, or burns between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005. Information on all narcotic prescriptions was obtained along with demographic data and duration of time loss benefits. Injury severity was controlled for via nature of injury coding. Analysis included multivariable logistic and Cox regression. Results. Data were obtained for 137,175 subjects. The majority were males (∼70%) with back sprains (∼35%), and a mean age of 37 years. Between the years 2000 and 2005, all opioid prescriptions within the first year of claim decreased from 11.4% of claimants to 8.3%. Older males with fractures, dislocations, or amputations were more likely to receive narcotics. Claimants receiving early opioid prescriptions experienced delayed suspension of benefits. However, this association was also seen in claimants prescribed early non-narcotic analgesics. Discussion. Prescriptions for opioid analgesia appear to be decreasing within workers’ compensation claimants in Alberta, Canada. As expected, claimants with more severe injuries were more likely to receive opioids. An association was observed between early opioid prescription and delayed recovery, however, this is likely explained by pain severity or other unmeasured confounders.
Musical expertise: Evidence from a pilot study on reaction times and time/frequency oscillatory responses

The present study aimed at exploring adaptive mechanisms underlying the development of musical competence and, in particular, at qualifying and quantifying differences in cognitive functioning between people with and without musical training, as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) and behavioral responses during an experimental task tapping into attention and monitoring mechanisms. Eighteen participants took part in the study. EEG responses to an omitted tone task were processed to compute their spatial components and time/frequency dynamics (power spectra, event-related spectral perturbation, and inter-trial coherence). In general, musicians showed greater EEG reactivity than control participants, which might signal adaptive changes linked to trained musical competence. Furthermore, musicians also performed better than controls, suggesting greater cognitive efficiency. Present findings also provide evidence that EEG is a valuable tool to help our understanding of adaptive mechanisms fostered by musical training and that it may complement behavioral methods to test performance.