Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community composition of bacteria co-cultivated with microalgae in non-axenic algal cultures

by bacterial contamination. Non-axenic algal cultures often need to be purified because physiological, chemical, molecular or taxonomic studies on microalgae usually require axenic cultures (e.g. Stanier et al., 1971; Watanabe et al., 1998). Some aquatic bacteria have been known to cause lysis of algal cells (Cole, 1982), and the removal of such algicidal action is another important reason for purification. In a minority of cases, non-axenic algal cultures can be used for studies of symbiosis and interaction between algae and bacteria. For instance, Watanabe et al. (2005) investigated the associations between a strain of the alga Chlorella solrokiniana IAM C-212 (NIES-2169) and its extracellular symbionts (that is, in a strict sense, contaminating microorganisms isolated from the algal culture), and found a growthpromoting effect of a bacterial and a fungal isolate on the alga. In the present study, we examined bacterial community compositions in non-axenic algal cultures maintained in a culture collection, in order to evaluate their potential usefulness as materials for studies on algal-bacterial associations. Three non-axenic cultures of green microalgae, Chlorella saccharophila NIES-640, Ulothrix variabilis NIES-329 and Volvox aureus NIES-864, were obtained from the Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (MCC-NIES), Tsukuba, Japan. They were originally isolated in 1987 in Hokkaido, Japan, in 1984 in Ibaraki , Japan, and in 1997 in Brandenburg, Germany, respectively. They had been maintained in the MCC-NIES without purification or cryopreservation before their use in the present study (M. Erata, personal communication). C. saccharophila NIES-640 and U. variabilis NIES329 were cultivated in C medium (Ichimura, 1971), and V. aureus NIES-864 was cultivated in AF-6 medium (Kato, 1982), under a 16:8 light/dark cycle with a light intensity of approximately 20 μmol photons m−2 sec−1 at about 25°C in light and 20°C in dark. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction amplification of the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the amplicons, followed by cloning and sequencing of the excised DGGE bands, were performed as described previously (Otsuka et al., 2008a, 2008b). A BLAST search was conducted for homologies to the partial sequences of 16S rDNA obtained (Altschul et al., 1997), and phylogenetic analysis was performed, whenever necessary, as described previously (Otsuka et al., 2008a, 2008b).
Feeding ecology of American sand lance Ammodytes americanus larvae from Long Island Sound

Sand lance larvae consumed phytoplankton and various developmental stages of the copepods Ternora longicornis, Acartia hudsonica and Pseudocalanus sp. Their diet changed with ontogeny: small larvae consumed phytoplankton and larger larvae ate copepods of increasingly older developmental stages. Samples taken during daylight indicated that the larvae have a gut capacity of approximately 0.56 % of their body dry weight. Laboratory studles conducted with live larvae indicated non-selective feeding on copepod n a u p h , but in the field, Ivlev indlces indicated selection for T 1ong1corni.s nauplii and against A. hudsonjca n a u p h . Larger larvae selected for T longicornjs copepodites and against A. hudsonica copepodites and females, but as they approach metan~orphosis, they began to select for A. hudsonica females. The feeding behavior of small larvae is passive, but becomes more aggressive as the larvae mature. Biomass consumed Increased with Increased prey density and water temperature. Clearance rates for larvae at 7OC In the laboratory were 0.02, 0.05, 0.48 and 3.2 1 d' for 4.5 to 5.0, 6 to 7.0, 10 to 11.0, and 21 mm ldrvae, respectively. Calculations of the predatory impact of sand lance larvae on copepod nauplii ind~calu that they are lnslgnificant consumers taking a maximum of 13.4 % of the copepod production per ddy.
Native Spanish-Speaking Adolescents' Information Gathering Processes While Solving Problems through Engineering

Garret Rose is currently the Secondary English/Language Arts, Secondary Library Media, CE, AP, IB, and Early College Specialist for the Utah State Board of Education. He served briefly as an assistant principal in West Jordan. He was also a teacher in the Uintah School District for five years where he served as a seventh-grade Language Arts and Reading teacher before moving up to Uintah High School where he served as a teacher of tenth-grade English, AP Literature, and twelfth-grade Science-Fiction and Fantasy. During the 2015-16 school year, Garret was named the Uintah High School Teacher of the Year. He has presented at local, state, and national conferences and is in the works to publish academic articles. He has also served on various educational committees and is currently working on a PhD in Literacy Education and Leadership. His life-long educational goal is to get students reading and interacting with a book to gain deeper levels of understanding about the text, their world, and themselves.
MICROPROPAGATION OF SUGARCANE THROUGH LEAF SHEATH CULTURE

Tarique, H. M. , Mannan, M. A. , Bhuiyan, M. S. R. and Rahaman, M. M. 2010. Micropropagation of sugarcane through leaf sheath culture. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 5(2):13-15. An experiment was conducted to develop an efficient protocol for micropropagation of sugarcane using leaf sheath culture method of three sugarcane varieties viz. Isd16, Isd36 and Isd37 in the germplasm laboratory of breeding division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna. Leaf sheath explants were used for callus formation followed by shoot initiation. Basic medium Murashige and Skooge (MS) supplemented with different concentration of auxin (NAA and 2, 4-D) were used to observe their effects on callus formation. Best results were observed from the varieties Isd36 and Isd37 at 4.0 mg/l of 2, 4-D and the variety Isd16 at 3.0 mg/l of 2, 4-D for callus induction. Different combinations of BAP with NAA or IBA supplemented with MS medium were used for shoot initiation and multiplication. 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA showed the best result for induction and multiplication of shoot. MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxin (NAA and IBA) were used alone for in vitro root formation from proliferated shoots. NAA showed better performance than IBA for root initiation. Best result of root formation was observed on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l of NAA. The variety Isd37 produced the highest number of roots (13.47) at 5.0 mg/l of NAA. The plantlets were successfully transferred to soil with eighty to ninety percent survivability at normal temperature with 85% humidity.
Geometrically frustrated magnetic behavior of Sr 3 NiRhO 6 and Sr 3 NiPtO 6

The results of ac and dc magnetic susceptibility $(\ensuremath{\chi})$, isothermal magnetization and heat-capacity $(C)$ measurements as a function of temperature $(T)$ are reported for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{NiRhO}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{NiPtO}}_{6}$, containing magnetic chains arranged in a triangular fashion in the basal plane and crystallizing in ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}{\mathrm{CdCl}}_{6}$-derived rhombohedral structure. The results establish that both the compounds are magnetically frustrated, however, in different ways. In the case of the Rh compound, the $\ensuremath{\chi}$ data reveal that there are two magnetic transitions, one in the range $10\char21{}15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and the other appearing as a smooth crossover near $45\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, with a large frequency dependence of ac $\ensuremath{\chi}$ in the range $10\char21{}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$; in addition, the features in $C(T)$ are smeared out at these temperatures. The magnetic properties are comparable to those of previously known few compounds with ``partially disordered antiferromagnetic structure. '' On the other hand, for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{NiPtO}}_{6}$, there is no evidence for long-range magnetic ordering down to $1.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ despite a large value of paramagnetic Curie temperature. In this sense, this compound may be classified as a spin liquid arising out of geometrical frustration.
Observations of metals in the z ≈ 3.5 intergalactic medium and comparison to the EAGLE simulations

We study the z ≈ 3.5 intergalactic medium (IGM) by comparing new, high-quality absorption spectra of eight QSOs with _zQSO_ = 3.75, to virtual observations of the Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We employ the pixel optical depth method and uncover strong correlations between various combinations of HI, CIII, CIV, Si III, Si IV, and OVI.We find good agreement between many of the simulated and observed correlations, including τOVI(τHI). However, the observed median optical depths for the τCIV(τHI) and τSi IV(τHI) relations are higher than those measured from the mock spectra. The discrepancy increases from up to ≈0.1 dex at τHI = 1 to ≈1 dex at τHI = 102, where we are likely probing dense regions at small galactocentric distances. As possible solutions, we invoke (a) models of ionizing radiation softened above 4 Ryd to account for delayed completion of He II reionization; (b) simulations run at higher resolution; (c) the inclusion of additional line broadening due to unresolved turbulence; and (d) increased elemental abundances; however, none of these factors can fully explain the observed differences. Enhanced photoionization of HI by local sources, which was not modelled, could offer a solution. However, the much better agreement with the observed OVI(H I) relation, which we find probes a hot and likely collisionally ionized gas phase, indicates that the simulations are not in tension with the hot phase of the IGM, and suggests that the simulated outflows may entrain insufficient cool gas.
Plasma fluctuations at the flanks of the Earth's magnetosheath at ion kinetic scales

Abstract. We present a statistical study of the magnetosheath plasma fluctuation spectra at a high-frequency range (with frequencies from 0.01 to 10 Hz). Variations of ion flux value and its direction are considered. The direction of ion flux is characterized by a polar angle – the deviation of the ion flux vector from the Sun–Earth line. We consider 290 Fourier's spectra that can be described by two power laws with a break, i.e., a change of slope. The ion flux fluctuation spectra are shown to have breaks at higher frequencies compared to the polar angle spectra. We compare the frequency of the break with the gyrostructure frequency for a number of cases. We show the polar angle break frequency to usually be smaller than the gyrostructure frequency. The dependencies of spectrum parameters such as the slopes and the break frequency on plasma parameters are also considered.
Temporary employment and wage gap with permanent jobs: evidence from quantile regression

Previous research on wage penalty for temporary workers has focused on the conditional mean model. This paper uses micro data from the 2006 wave of the Survey of Italian Households’ Income and Wealth (SHIW) to examine the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the whole wage distribution. I apply a quantile regression models to understand whether there are glass ceiling or sticky floor for fixed-term workers and to test the hypothesis of polarization of wage profile by contract status. I also exploit a counterfactual decomposition analysis to investigate whether the gap is attributed to differences in characteristics or to differences in coefficients effect. A possible source of misspecification may arise, the endogenous selection in temporary status. In order to address the selectivity bias, I adopt an IV specification and a variant of the traditional Heckman (1978) dummy endogenous variable for the quantile framework. The main finding is a sticky floor effect, in the sense that the wage penalty for temporary workers is wider at the bottom of earnings distribution and in particular the decomposition method shows how the coefficients effect is decreasing in the upper half of wage profile. The analysis by educational level and by sector confirms the sticky floor effect. Finally correcting for endogenous self-selection in temporary contract slightly modifies the magnitude of wage gap, without changing the main patterns evidenced in the standard quantile regression.
Does short selling discipline overinvestment

We explore the disciplining effect of short selling on overinvestment. Firms with more stock lending supply have higher abnormal announcement stock returns of acquiring firms, lower subsequent abnormal capital investments, and longer spells between large investments, and higher subsequent Tobin’s Q and ROA. Alleviating the endogeneity concern, our multivariate difference-in-difference analysis shows that this disciplinary force of lending supply is more effective for firms in the Regulation SHO-PILOT Program. We identify two mechanisms through which short selling disciplines managers: managers’ wealth-performance sensitivity and likelihood of hostile takeovers. Additionally, the disciplinary force only exists for non-financial-constrained firms and nonall-cash M&A deals.
Impurity transport, turbulence transitions and intrinsic rotation in Alcator C-Mod plasmas

Linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations are used to probe turbulent impurity transport in intrinsically rotating tokamak plasmas. For this simulation-based study, experimental input parameters are taken from a pair of ICRF heated Alcator C-Mod discharges exhibiting a change in the sign of the normalized toroidal rotation gradient at mid-radius (i.e. a change from hollow to peaked intrinsic rotation profiles). The simulations show that there is no change in the peaking of the calcium impurity between the plasmas with peaked and hollow rotation profiles, suggesting that the impurity transport and the shape of the rotation do not always change together. Furthermore, near mid-radius, r/a = 0.5 (normalized midplane minor radius), the linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations exhibit no evidence of a transition from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to trapped electron mode dominance when the intrinsic rotation profile changes from peaked to hollow. Extensive nonlinear sensitivity analysis is performed, and there is no change in the ITG critical gradient or in the stiffness of ion heat transport with the change in the intrinsic toroidal rotation profile shape, which suggests that the shape of the rotation profile is not dominated by the ITG onset in these cases.
Development of fibre and follicle characteristics related to wool bulk in Perendale sheep over the first year of life

The pattern of wool fibre and follicle development was monitored for 20 Perendale lambs from lines selected for or against wool bulk. There was no significant difference in characteristics associated with wool bulk between selection lines at birth. These characteristics followed a curvilinear pattern of development with most of the change taking place between birth and 14 weeks of age then reaching a plateau by 35 weeks. The different rate of developmental change for each bulk line meant that by 14 weeks the high line had a greater follicle curvature grade, shorter follicle length, shallower follicle depth, more para-meso cortex and a higher fibre curvature. Together fibre curvature, fibre diameter and fibre diameter standard deviation explained around 70% of the variation in hogget wool bulk from 25 weeks of age. From these results it is suggested that the potential of a sheep to produce high bulk wool can be assessed using fibre curvature and fibre diameter from 6 months of age which allows hogget mating and/or early culling
The Effects of Initial Network for University Spin-Off Companies: An Empirical Study of Board Composition and Performance

University spin-off companies have verified their potential as a wealth creating strategy in commercializing intellectual property from universities. However, they are complex entities, suffering under shortage of essential resources. This study seeks out to investigate the benefits provided by the network of the board for university spin-off companies. Drawing on Board Capital theory, we explore the success rate in connection to the initial board composition, through a quantitative analysis of 70 norwegian university spin-off companies. Our findings suggest that boards with network from prior entrepreneurial or senior level management experience enhance the probability of success. Moreover, we propose a set of implications which may help academic entrepreneurs and university spin-off companies in acquiring the right combination of experience to their initial boards. The implications use a three-way perspective, with a focus on entrepreneurs and USOs, technology transfer offices and researchers.
The Role of Hope and Self-efficacy on Nurses’ Subjective Well-being

Although subjective well-being is considered important for nurses, the relationship between hope, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being among nurses has rarely been assessed. This study purposes to explore the relationships between hope, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being. The analysis relies on data from 1757 female nurses in 3 hospitals in China. Nurses completed a demographic form, General Self-efficacy Scale, Hope Scale, General Well-Being Schedule. A mediate model of the hypothesized relationships between the constructs was tested. Significant direct relationships of hope, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being were displayed. Mediation analyses reveal that the impact of self-efficacy on subjective well-being is partially mediated by two components of hope, agency and pathways. Hope was shown to be a key mediator for the relationships between self-efficacy and subjective well-being. These findings advance current understandings on the hopeful thinking in nurses.
Selection of medical students and their specialty choices

Studie naar trends en voorkeuren van geneeskundestudenten Steeds minder geneeskundestudenten beginnen na hun afstuderen aan een traject als arts-onderzoeker. Dat is een van de uitkomsten van het promotieonderzoek van Seyed Mahmood naar trends onder en voorkeuren van geneeskundestudenten bij het kiezen van een specialisme. De uitkomst sluit aan bij de wereldwijd gemelde afname in arts-onderzoekers. Mahmood keek in zijn onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van de huidige toelatingsprocedures en persoonlijkheidskenmerken in relatie tot de keuze voor een specialisme. Dit deel van het onderzoek voerde Mahmood uit onder Saoedische geneeskundestudenten in Nederland en is daarmee de eerste in zijn soort in een Arabische context. Tot slot bestudeerde hij ook de loopbaanondersteuning en loopbaanbegeleiding van recent afgestudeerde artsen. Het onderzoek benadrukt de opvatting dat al vroeg in de opleiding gestructureerde loopbaanbegeleiding belangrijk is om verlies van geld en tijd te voorkomen. Dat minder geneeskundestudenten kiezen voor een carriere in onderzoek, komt volgens Mahmood doordat er tijdens geneeskundeopleidingen steeds minder tijd is voor het zelf leren verrichten van onderzoek en het trainen van onderzoeksvaardigheden. Ook zijn er minder onderzoeksmentoren beschikbaar.
Plant Invasions and Invasibility of Plant Communities

Some 2500 yr ago, Heraclitus of Ephesus said that ‘All things change . and you cannot step twice into the same stream’. Today, ecologists would not only say the same about streams but also about vegetation. Plant communities change with time due to changes in the environment (Chapter 7), biotic interactions (Chapter 9) and invasions of alien species and genotypes, introduced intentionally or accidentally by humans. Invasions have received detailed attention only recently. There have always been migrating taxa, but now the rate of human-assisted introductions of new taxa is several orders of magnitude higher. In California, for example, more than 1000 alien plant species were intentionally or non-intentionally introduced and established viable populations over the last 250 yr. In the Galapagos Islands, over 3 million yr of their history, only one new plant species arrived with birds or sea currents every 10,000 yr. However, over the last 20 yr the introduction rate has been c. 10 species per yr, or some 100,000 times the natural arrival rate (Tye 2001). Three basic questions arise: 1 What kind of ecosystems are more (or less) likely to be invaded by alien plants? 2 What kind of plants are the most successful invaders and under what circumstances? 3 What is the impact of the plant invaders?
Study of animal welfare status in dairy cow herds in Hungary.

Animal welfare is a hot topic among consumers, producers and researches nowadays. The major welfare problems of dairy cows are mastitis, lameness, and any conditions which lead to impaired reproduction, inability to express normal behaviour, emergency physiological responses or injury. This paper summarizes preliminary results of project taken in 27 Hungarian dairy farms evaluating general animal welfare. The most important areas for improving animals' wellbeing are related to facilities and comfort of resting. Findings include slippery floors, cows struggling laying and standing in cubicles. Other measures include hair loss, hocks, neck rail injuries and number of thin cows (Body Condition Score 1 and 2). Mouldy silage and low quality of other feedstuff was also found. In conclusion, preliminary results confirm strong demand for monitoring farms and discussions with managers and farmers about welfare measures needed to be taken on farms immediately.
Determination of the Growth Parameters of the Anadara cornea R. 1844 Population by the Bhattacharya Method in the Eastern Black Sea

There are a limited number of studies on benthic fauna in the eastern Black Sea. Therefore, there is a great need to study benthic species to determine their role in the ecosystem and look for ways of exploitation for the fishing industry. Recently some studies have been carried out on Rapana thomasiana and Anadara cornea concerning distribution, stock abundance, meat yield etc. (1, 2, 3). They are both endemc species of the IndoPacific region and were estimated to have been introduced to the Black Sea by accident in the ballast tanks of commercial trade vessels (1, 2). They seemed to be well adapted and distributed almost thorughout the continental shelf of the Black Sea. But Anadara cornea has not reached commercial size yet (3, 4). Marine bivalve molluscs of the family Arcidae are very common in many tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas. Anadara granosa, A. subcrenata, A. broughtoni, A. antiquata, and other species of this genus are harvested on a commercial basis intensively in countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Japan and South Korea (5, 6).