Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The enhancement of mathematical problem solving ability and self-confidence of students through problem based learning

This paper reported result of a research attempted to analyze: the increase in student’s MPS and SC using problem-based learning; and to look interaction between students’ PMK and learning to increase student’s MPS and SC. This type of research was a quasi-experimental. The population of this research was all students in SMA Negeri 6 Medan. Then 33 students were chosen as the experimental class and 33 students in other class was chosen as a control class by using purposive sampling technique. The data in this study were analyzed using Two Ways ANOVA. The result of validity of student’s MPS test is 0,808. Both reability of test was 0.86. The result of this research were: (1) The enhancement of student’s MPS ability and SC using problem-based learning was higher than conventional learning; (2) There is no interaction between student’s PMK and learning on student’s MPS ability and SC.
Age and Context Effects in Daily Emotion Regulation and Well-Being at Work

With aging, emotion regulation competence is thought to improve, which benefits occupational well-being. Past research on aging and emotion regulation at work has mainly focused on one-time measurements of habitual strategy use. Yet, emotion regulation is a response to changing situational requirements. Using an event-based daily diary approach, we examined whether age moderates the extent to which three characteristics of negative work events (intensity, controllability, and interpersonal nature) predict the adoption of four emotion-regulation strategies (positive reappraisal, distraction, emotion acceptance, and expressive suppression) and subsequent well-being outcomes (job satisfaction and fatigue). Employees (N = 199) aged between 18 and 62 years and of diverse occupational backgrounds reported 1,321 daily negative work events and their emotion-regulatory responses. Results suggest that the emotion-regulation strategies that employees spontaneously use are a function of the intensity and interpersonal nature of events (less so of controllability) and that event characteristics have indirect effects on daily well-being through acceptance and suppression. Younger and older workers responded overall similarly to variations in event characteristics. However, we found age differences in the relationship between event intensity and strategy use. Contrary to predictions of stronger tailoring of strategies to context with age, older workers were more stable in strategy use at higher levels of event intensity, increasing less in suppression and decreasing less in acceptance. Indirect effects of event intensity on well-being point at the adaptive nature of these age-related shifts in strategy use. Findings shed light on adaptive emotion-regulation in daily work life and the role of employee age.
MORPHOLOGICAL SHAPE ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN'S ACTIVELY GENERATED VIEWPOINTS

Our visual system develops in a world of three-dimensional objects, where the dynamic visual experience of objects is often under the child’s active control. Previous experimental work by some of us was the first to analyze in detail what kind of object views are selected in children’s unconstrained manipulation of physical objects (Pereira, James, Jones, & Smith, 2010). The key finding was the distribution of dwell time across all possible viewpoints: preferred viewpoints are around on-axis views, where the principal axis of elongation is either perpendicular or parallel to the line of sight and flat surfaces are presented approximately perpendicular to the line of sight – so called planar views. Here we present a morphological shape analysis of the object views selected by a crosssectional sample of children that manipulated objects in the Pereira et al. (2010) study (N = 54, 12-36 months). We followed an image-based (pixel-based) approach; we coded 3D object orientation and created computer-generated images of the object; finally, we extracted two shape measures from the generated images. In particular we computed surface area and aspect ratio. For the main analysis we investigated if the shape measures differ between planar and non-planar views. In addition, and for a smaller subset of 30-36 month olds (N = 8) we computed the number of pixels that do not overlap between consecutive frames (a measure of image variability). There were two key results: (1) on average, planar views have lower surface area (only in the oldest age groups), and aspect ratio increased with developmental age; and (2) on average, consecutive frames of planar views have a lower proportion of pixels that do not overlap, compared with non planar views. We discuss these results in the context of their contribution to our understanding of the development of visual object perception.
Detecting Early Warning Bank Distress Signals in Nigeria: A Multi Discriminant Analysis Approach.

The multi discriminant analysis model (MDA) as proposed by Altman in 1968 was applied to a group of failed and healthy banks in Nigeria to ascertain if MDA is a veritable tool to predict business failure in the Nigerian banking industry. Data was gathered for a five year period for ten (three failed and seven healthy) sampled banks. The results show that MDA is a veritable tool for assessing the financial health of banks. As such, it has high predictive power to deduce from a set of these ratios the likelihood of failure or otherwise. The MDA not only predicts business failure but revealed most importantly that the warning signals of impending failure became manifested one to two years before the studied banks actually failed. Keywords: Bank distress; multi discriminant analysis; predicting business failure; ratios.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Diet and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in US Men and Women.

OBJECTIVES Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have overlapping mechanisms with T2D, such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, we examined the association between a previously developed T2D prevention dietary pattern and HCC risk. METHODS We followed 87,943 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 49,665 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 32 years. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score, which includes dietary glycemic index, cereal fiber, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats, trans fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts, coffee, and red and processed meats, was obtained using validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every 4 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios and confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS During over 1.9 million person-years, a total of 160 incident HCC cases were identified. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score was associated with a lower risk of HCC (top vs bottom quartile; hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95; Ptrend = 0.03). All the individual food and beverage items were associated with the risk of HCC in the expected direction, although the association was weaker than the overall dietary pattern. DISCUSSION Greater adherence to the T2D prevention diet was associated with a lower risk of developing HCC among US men and women. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings.
Prevention through Design (PtD): Current State of Implementation in the Design Industry

A Growing number of studies indicate that designers possess the ability to impact on-site safety. Multiple countries across the globe have already included safety within the realms of designers. However, such a change is yet to be observed within the US, due to multiple reasons. Thus, this study aimed to identify knowledge, perceptions, and implementation patterns of PtD in the design industry. For this study, an electronic survey was emailed to 3,950 architectural firms. Complete responses from 69 architectural firms were accounted for the initial analysis. Preliminary results indicate that majority of respondents were small architectural firms (less than 5 full time employees) with 21 50 years of experience and yielded an annual revenue of less than one million dollar. Additionally, the majority of respondents were involved in private projects and mostly within the commercial sector. The study found that only 8.7% of the respondents were familiar with PtD and 11.9% of the firms were familiar with PtD. The study also indicated that even though respondents were in favor for creation of standard PtD implementation guidelines, they were averse to regulatory guidelines. The study also showed that despite the owners being perceived as one of the most receptive stakeholders for PtD, they were also perceived to lack the knowledge.
Evidence of the Accessibility Hierarchy in Relative Clauses in Chinese as a Second Language *

Relative clause (RC) structures are productive and complex in Chinese. While second language acquisition studies of RCs in English has a long tradition, it is only in recent years that the Chinese as a second/foreign language researchers started to pay close attention to the comparative difficulties of different types of Chinese RCs for learners. A well-known markedness generalization regarding the RC structure is the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (AH), and its implications in second language acquisition have been well-attested in English and other postnominal RCs. This research tests if Chinese as a foreign language learners’ production ease of different RC types adheres to the order of the AH, and if such markedness is reflected in RC-forming strategies in learners’ interlanguage. Learners in a written sentence combination task produced more target-like subject and direct object RCs than indirect object and object of preposition RCs. Further evidence for a subject RC preference was found in error analysis. Meanwhile, learners used gap and pronoun strategies within the AH constraint, indicating that their interlanguage grammar is comparable to that of natural languages. We conclude that the implicational generalization of the AH holds true in second language (L2) Chinese.
Are more resources always better for growth? Resource stickiness in market and product expansion

We examine how managerial growth logics combine with financial and human resource slack to influence the short-term revenue growth of a sample of 112 manufacturing firms drawn from a unique database provided by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Our results provide evidence that firms pursuing product expansion logics generally grow more slowly than firms that are not expanding their product base, but that financial slack positively moderates this relationship. We also find that human resource slack enhances short-term market expansion, but slows down short-term product expansion. We discuss the implications of these results for resource-based views of growth. (Publication abstract)
Generating high-resolution digital elevation models for wetland research using Google EarthTM imagery - an example from South Africa.

Digital elevation models (DEM) generated in geographical information systems (GIS) have proven to be useful tools in hydrological research, aiding, amongst others, the delineation of catchment areas, identification of drainage patterns and flow pathways as well as for runoff determinations. They are of particular value in areas of comparatively flat topography, where such tasks are often difficult to perform. However, owing to the fact that elevation differences in wetlands typically fall below or just into the range of contour intervals of standard topographic maps being generally 20 m, and 5m for some areas, the latter fail to give enough detail. This means that sufficiently detailed relief information is often difficult to obtain for wetland research. Sitespecific, high-resolution relief surveys are too expensive, relative to many research budgets, to constitute a viable alternative. Based on an approximately 12 km2 study area surrounding a karst-related peatland, this paper presents a method to retrieve the required high-resolution elevation data at 1 m intervals, at low cost, from satellite imagery in Google Earth™. The paper describes procedures used to capture and process the data using GIS ArcDesktop™ to produce a high-resolution contour map and DEM. For quality assurance purposes the generated map is visually compared to 5 m and 20 m contour intervals of standard topographic maps (1:50000) issued by the Chief Directorate Surveys and Mapping (CDSM). After correcting an off-set of 5 m it was found that the deviation of the generated contour map based on Google data from CDSM contours was in the same order as the deviation between the 2 CDSM contour sets. Finally, all 3 contour maps were compared to a contour map of 0.5 m-interval resolution specifically generated for the study area using aerial photography from an airborne survey. This too confirmed the overall good reliability of the generated, Google Earth™-based, contour map. Although Google Earth™'s contour models are based on data of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the direct use of freely available SRTM data for localised, high-resolution DEM yielded unsatisfactory results. This may be due to (unspecified) procedures, or unknown data sources employed by Google Earth™ that enhance the quality of relief data. With updating intervals of 2 to 4 years, satellite imagery in Google Earth™ offers the additional advantage of containing much more recent information on relevant hydrological features than the outdated topographic maps available for the study area. It is concluded that the presented method allows the generation of high-resolution DEMs especially for areas of flat topography where adequate relief information is either not available or too costly to generate. These DEMs are useful for further wetland research.
Efecto del tratamiento de oscuridad y salinidad en el rendimiento y calidad del agar de Gracilaria cornea (Rhodophyceae) Effect of dark and salinity treatment in the yield and quality of agar from Gracilaria cornea (Rhodophyceae)

The alkali treatment used previous to agar extractions from the Gracilaria genus reduces, among other reactions, the sulphate content and improves the gel strength; however, at an industrial level it requires expensive effluent processing to reduce its polluting charge. The red alga Gracilaria cornea was cultivated under dark and salinity treatments to replace this alkali treatment. The different treatments tested were: (a) darkness and 33‰ salinity for 8 days, [dark treatment]; (b) darkness and 50‰ salinity for 4 days, followed by darkness and 25‰ salinity for 4 days, [4+4]; and (c) darkness and 50‰ salinity for 8 days, followed by darkness and 25‰ salinity for 4 days, [8+4]. The treatment [4+4] increased the agar yield in 26% (from 36.6 to 46.1%). All treatments reduced the sulphate content of the agar in approximately 24% when compared with agar obtained without any treatment. For G. cornea the [4+4] treatment might become in the future an additional treatment to a mild alkali treatment using less alkaline reagents for agar extraction.
The Lukacs{Olkin{Rubin theorem without invariance of the \quotient"

The Lukacs theorem is one of the most brilliant results in the area of characterizations of probability distributions. First, because it gives a deep insight into the nature of independence properties of the gamma distribution; second, because it uses beautiful and non-trivial mathematics. Originally it was proved for probability distribu- tions concentrated on (0;1). In 1962 Olkin and Rubin extended it to matrix variate distributions. Since that time it has been believed that the fundamental reason such an extension is possible, is the assumed property of invariance of the distribution of the \quo- tient" (properly dened for matrices). The main result of this paper is that the matrix variate Lukacs theorem holds without any invariance assumption for the \quotient". The argument is based on solutions of some functional equations in matrix variate real func- tions, which seem to be of independent interest. The proofs use techniques of dieren tial calculus in the cone of positive denite symmetric matrices.
Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Emerging Astroviruses Causing Fatal Gout in Goslings.

Since February 2017, severe outbreaks of fatal gout caused by novel gosling astroviruses (GoAstVs) have occurred in several Chinese provinces, causing a considerable economic impact on the poultry industry. To assess the infection status of GoAstVs causing gout, 165 clinical samples were collected from goslings from seven farms located in different Chinese provinces, and they were screened for viral infection. Seven GoAstV strains were completely sequenced. The positive infection rates of GoAstV, goose parvovirus, reovirus, goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus, and Tembusu virus were 100%, 9.69%, 3.64%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, indicating the role of GoAstV in gout. The genomes of all seven GoAstV strains were 7170-nt long and encoded three open reading frames (ORFs), namely, ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the seven GoAstV strains showed that these were avastroviruses and were closely related to viruses classified within Avastrovirus 3 and turkey astrovirus 2. Moreover, the mutation rates of ORF1a and ORF2 were high, and ORF1a was highly mutated at amino-acid loci 545-580. The tertiary structure of the mutated ORF2 protein was smooth, and its antigenic epitope was highly mutated, which may be related to the pathogenicity of the virus and caused by antibody pressure from the host. These findings enrich our understanding of the evolution of novel GoAstVs causing gout and their circulation as well as lay the foundation for the selection of vaccine strains.
THE IMPACT OF MONETARY AND NON-MONETARY PROMOTIONS ON BRAND EQUITY IN INDUSTRIAL MARKET (CASE STUDY: "IRANPOTK" COMPANY)

The purpose of this study, is investigating monetary and nonmonetary promotions on purchase intention and customers loyalty to brand in industrial markets. In this study, we use "IRANPOTK" Company as a case study. This study is practical research in terms of research goal and is descriptive research in terms of research path. Statistical population contains representatives and retailers who had transactions with "IRANPOTK" Company. According to limited population, information-oriented sampling is used for gathering data. Structural equation modeling, are used for data analysis. Results shown that nonmonetary promotions, is the only predictor and effective factor. These results can be used for strategy determining and sales promotion selection for industrial markets participants and academics in industrial area.
Multiscale Variabilities in Global Sea Surface Temperatures and Their Relationships with Tropospheric Climate Patterns

El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global phenomenon with significant phase propagation within and between basins. This is captured and described in the first mode of a complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) from the midnineteenth century through 1991. The global ENSO from the SSTA data, plus a linear trend everywhere, are subsequently removed in order to consider other global modes of variability uncontaminated by the intra- and interbasin effects of ENSO. An ordinary EOF analysis of the SSTA residuals reveals three non-ENSO modes of low-frequency variability that are related to slow oceanic and climate signals described in the literature. The first two modes have decadal to multidecadal timescales with high loadings in the Pacific. They bear some spatial similarities to the ENSO pattern but are broader, more intense at high latitudes, and differ in the time domain. A CEOF analysis confirms that they are not merely the phase-related components of a single mode and that all three modes are without significant phase propagation. The third mode is a multidecadal signal with maximal realization in the extratropical North Atlantic southeast of Greenland. It is consistent with studies that have documented connections between North Atlantic SSTA and the tropospheric North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). All three SSTA modes have midtropospheric associations related to previously classified Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns. The relationships between SSTA modes and tropospheric patterns are consistent with the ocean-atmosphere interactions discussed in previous studies to explain low-frequency climate oscillations in the North Pacific and North Atlantic sectors. The first three leading modes of non-ENSO SSTA are most related, to the tropospheric patterns of the Pacific North American, the North Pacific, and the Arctic oscillations (AO), respectively. The 500-hPa pattern associated with the third SSTA mode also bears similarities to the NAO in its Atlantic sector. This North Atlantic mode has a region of high, positive SSTA loadings in the Gulf of Alaska, which appear to be connected to the North Atlantic SSTA by a tropospheric bridge effect in the AO.
Associations between Maternal Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: The Generation R Study

The objective of this study was to assess associations between maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in early, mid-, and late pregnancy and birth outcomes and to assess the differences in birth outcomes between subgroups of mothers reporting relatively “low” and relatively “high” HRQoL. HRQoL was measured by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey in early (n = 6334), mid- (n = 6204), and late pregnancy (n = 6048) in a population-based mother and child cohort; Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS/MCS) scores were calculated. Birth outcomes included pregnancy duration, preterm birth, birth weight, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. We defined very high PCS/MCS scores as the >90th percentile and very low score as the <10th percentile. The lower PCS score in late pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher chance of having small-for-gestational-age birth (per 10 points: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.33, p value = 0.0006). In early, mid-, and late pregnancy, the subgroup mothers with a low MCS score had infants with a lower average birth weight than those with very high scores (p < 0.05). The association between higher physical HRQoL in late pregnancy and a higher chance of having small-for-gestational-age birth needs further research. The role of mother’s mental HRQoL during pregnancy and the potential consequences for the child require further study.