Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status of the Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) on the Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula)

SUMMARY: This paper aims to assess the status of the threatened Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus along the Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula) by studying its movements and numbers. Balearic shearwaters are detected off Galicia during their annual cycle although they are uncommon between November and May. Overall, 44 groups of over 150 birds have been recorded in seven main areas since 1976, especially in the Vigo Ria and the Pontevedra Ria and along the coast of Bergantinos (Sisargas-Baldaio). Birds have been observed moulting primary and secondary feathers, mainly in June. North-eastward migration is evident along the Atlantic coast (capes Silleiro and Fisterra, daily maximum of 476 birds per hour) between June and August, where it seems to overlap with local movement. However, south-westward migration is far more frequent between September and October (daily maximum of 360 birds per hour) along the Cantabrian coast. The results might be biased due to the methodological problems, on account of the existence of irregular flows, an important inter-annual variability and local movements, probably brought about by the distribution of food resources.
An experimental investigation of the 'match/mismatch' hypothesis using larval Atlantic cod

The match/mismatch hypothesis suggests that the degree of overlap between larval fish and their prey affects larval growth, survival and recruitment. For example, some fish species have a relatively fixed spawning period while peak production of their food varies yearly, depending on abiotic factors, creating a match or mismatch between the two. In this study, we investigated the influence of a match or mismatch on growth of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. Larvae were exposed to 1 of 5 different food treatments: (1) high food (HF) (match); (2) low food (LF), (3) HF then LF (HF-LF), and (4) LF then HF (LF-HF) (2, 3 & 4 m~smatch); and (5) no food (NF) (complete mismatch). In treatments including a switch in food level, the switch took place on Day 11 post-hatch. Larvae were sampled every 5 d, and standard length, body depth, dry weight, and gut fullness recorded. Specific growth rate (% dry wt d-l) of larvae reared under the different food treatments was calculated. The experiment was repeated to examine the influence of Treatments 1 to 4 on survival of larval cod. All larvae in the NF treatment died by Day 20 post-hatch. Larvae under HF conditions were significantly larger than those in all other treatments by Day 20 post-hatch, while at Day 35, there was no difference between larvae from the HF and LF-HF treatments. Larvae under the LF-HF treatment were significantly larger than those from the HF-LF and LF treatments by Day 30 post-hatch. There was no significant difference in size between larvae from the HF-LF and LF treatments throughout the experiment. Specific growth rate was highest when larvae lvere exposed to a HF level. A switch between LF and HF resulted in a significant increase in specific growth rate in the LF-HF treatment and decrease in the HF-LF treatment. The number of larvae surviving to Day 35 post-hatch, and through to metamorphosis, was highest for the HF treatment, followed by the LF-HF, HF-LF, and LF treatments. Our results suggest that a mismatch and its timing can significantly influence the growth and survival of cod larvae
Anthropogenic impact on amorphous silica pools in temperate soils

Abstract. Human land use changes perturb biogeochemical silica (Si) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This directly affects Si mobilisation and Si storage and influences Si export from the continents, although the magnitude of the impact is unknown. A major reason for our lack of understanding is that very little information exists on how land use affects amorphous silica (ASi) storage in soils. We have quantified and compared total alkali-extracted (PSia) and easily soluble (PSie) Si pools at four sites along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance in southern Sweden. Land use clearly affects ASi pools and their distribution. Total PSia and PSie for a continuous forested site at Siggaboda Nature Reserve (66 900 ± 22 800 kg SiO2 ha−1 and 952 ± 16 kg SiO2 ha−1) are significantly higher than disturbed land use types from the Rashult Culture Reserve including arable land (28 800 ± 7200 kg SiO2 ha−1 and 239 ± 91 kg SiO2 ha−1), pasture sites (27 300 ± 5980 kg SiO2 ha−1 and 370 ± 129 kg SiO2 ha−1) and grazed forest (23 600 ± 6370 kg SiO2 ha−1 and 346 ± 123 kg SiO2 ha−1). Vertical PSia and PSie profiles show significant (p
Scoring Probabilistic Forecasts: The Importance of Being Proper

Questions remain regarding how the skill of operational probabilistic forecasts is most usefully evaluated or compared, even though probability forecasts have been a long-standing aim in meteorological forecasting. This paper explains the importance of employing proper scores when selecting between the various measures of forecast skill. It is demonstrated that only proper scores provide internally consistent evaluations of probability forecasts, justifying the focus on proper scores independent of any attempt to influence the behavior of a forecaster. Another property of scores (i.e., locality) is discussed. Several scores are examined in this light. There is, effectively, only one proper, local score for probability forecasts of a continuous variable. It is also noted that operational needs of weather forecasts suggest that the current concept of a score may be too narrow; a possible generalization is motivated and discussed in the context of propriety and locality.
R & D Effort , Effectiveness , and Firm Performance in the Pharmaceutical Sector

Research exploring the impact of R&D on firm outcomes yields mixed results. The paper draws on an integration of the resource-based view, the capabilities perspective, and accumulation theory to highlight the effectiveness of R&D effort in yielding recognized innovative output as a fundamental, yet underemphasized factor in the role of R&D as a contributor to firm performance. Specifically, innovative output is examined as an intervening factor in the relationship between R&D effort and firm performance. Empirical tests on a sample of 303 firms in the pharmaceutical industry reveal that R&D effort yields increasing returns to R&D effectiveness, which suggests that firms can enhance the value of research activities through increased activity. However, the discovery of innovative output as an important mediating factor between R&D effort and firm performance suggests that the benefit of increased R&D may be limited if this effort is not effective in yielding recognized innovative output. These findings are critical since managers in research-intensive industries often base resource allocation decisions on the assumed influence of R&D effort on firm performance.
Reflecting on the next generation of models for community-based natural resources management

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has been a pervasive paradigm in conservation circles for three decades. Despite many potentially attractive attributes it has been extensively critiqued from both ecological and sociological perspectives with respect to theory and practice (for example Leach et al. 1999; Berkes 2004; Fabricius et al. 2004; Blaikie 2006). Nonetheless, many successful examples exist, although an equal number have seemingly not met expectations. Is this because of poor implementation or rather a generally flawed model? If the criteria and conditions for success are so onerous that relatively few projects or situations are likely to qualify, what then is the value of the model? The questions thus become: how and what can we learn from the past theory and practice to develop a new generation of flexible, locally responsive and implementable CBNRM models, and what are likely to be the attributes of such models?
Responses of Specific Leaf Weight, Biomass and Seed Yield of Soybean to Nitrogen Starter Rate and Plant Density

The combined effects of fertilizer and plant population density (PPD) on specific leaf weight (SLW), plant biomass, grain yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and relationships between these traits are of considerable interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of SLW, biomass distribution in plant parts and seed yield of soybean to nitrogen (N) application and PPD levels. Field experiments were established during the wet season (June to October) and the dry season (November to March) in 2008-2009, using a split-plot design with three replications. The SJ5 cultivar was planted at the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Four levels of PPD (20, 30, 40, 60 plants m -2 ) were used as main plots and four rates of N fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 kg ha -1 ) were applied as sub-plots. There were no interactions between PPD levels and N rates in all observations. In both seasons, the greatest SLW was measured at the highest N level (N75) and the lowest value was detected at the highest PPD (60 plants m -2 ). The SLW at V5 was positively correlated with dry weight (DW) at V5 (r = 0.593*) in the wet season, and with DW at V5 (r = 0.727**) and DW at R5 (r = 0.695**) in the dry season. Accordingly, the highest biomass yield with N75 might be related with SLW at V5. Compared to the control, N75 increased the whole plant biomass at R5 by 14 and 53% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The greatest seed yield in both seasons was observed at N75. Pods plant -1 and seed size were the main yield components responsible for a higher seed yield of N75. Significant differences in seed yield among PPD levels were not observed, indicating that a plant density of 20 plant m -2 with N75 would be appropriate for soybean cv. SJ5 sown at the National Corn and
Child Maltreatment 1 Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries

Child maltreatment remains a major public-health and social-welfare problem in high-income countries. Every year, about 4–16% of children are physically abused and one in ten is neglected or psychologically abused. During childhood, between 5% and 10% of girls and up to 5% of boys are exposed to penetrative sexual abuse, and up to three times this number are exposed to any type of sexual abuse. However, official rates for substantiated child maltreatment indicate less than a tenth of this burden. Exposure to multiple types and repeated episodes of maltreatment is associated with increased risks of severe maltreatment and psychological consequences. Child maltreatment substantially contributes to child mortality and morbidity and has longlasting effects on mental health, drug and alcohol misuse (especially in girls), risky sexual behaviour, obesity, and criminal behaviour, which persist into adulthood. Neglect is at least as damaging as physical or sexual abuse in the long term but has received the least scientific and public attention. The high burden and serious and long-term consequences of child maltreatment warrant increased investment in preventive and therapeutic strategies from early childhood.
file:///C|/My Documents/moratex.txt

Since 1930, expectations have played an important role in economic theory and this is because economics is generally concerned with the implications of current actions for the future. This paper therefore argues that the development of rational expectations theory will make a more significant contribution to economics(and in particular, monetary economics) in the impetus it gives to research on the vital areas of learning and price expectations formation.
Seasonal and interannual variation in the extent of hypoxia in the northern California Current from 1998–2012

This study addresses the occurrence, severity, and extent of hypoxia over the continental shelf of the northern California Current (40–48.5°N latitude) from 1998 to 2012. Clear seasonal trends exist in the timing and duration of hypoxia. The highest bottom‐water dissolved oxygen concentrations occurred from November to March, and levels below the 1.4 mL L−1 hypoxia threshold were detected during the upwelling season (May through October). Regions of hypoxia tended to occur north of 42°N latitude and were most severe over the widest areas of the continental shelf. Hypoxic waters covered up to 62% (15,600 km2) of the continental shelf during some years (2002, 2007, 2008), and < 10% in others (2003, 2010–2011). There are seasonal and interannual shifts in both the depth and oxygen content of upwelled waters. Years with the greatest extent and severity of hypoxia had the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen in upwelling source waters. The dissolved oxygen concentration of source waters showed a gradual decline from 1998 through 2007, with a subsequent increase from 2008–2010 before leveling off in 2011 and 2012. The variability in oxygen content of source waters correlates well with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and may indicate the importance of large‐scale climate dynamics in determining the extent and severity of hypoxia in the northern California Current.
Time Inconsistent Preferences and the Annuitization Decision

Good news can involve difficult decisions. For example winning a lottery jackpot can go along with the decision, whether to have the jackpot paid out immediately as a lump sum or as periodic annual payments. Also when entering retirement most people face the decision whether they want their defined contribution account balance paid as a lump sum or to annuitize that amount. The fact that people tend to choose the lump sum even if economic reasons suggest that they should choose the annuity is called the annuity paradox. In a large online survey we find that people behave time inconsistent: older people have a stronger tendency to choose the lump sum than younger people when they are asked to predict today what to choose when they retire. This effect is considerably stronger for participants that answer simple time preference questions inconsistently. Our findings suggest to think about precommitment devices for the annuitization decision, in the retirement case, already at the time when the defined benefit plan is started.
Use of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Treatment Of Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury In Sprague-Dawley Rats

Background And Objectives:Cisplatin is a nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. So, preventive measures worth to be evaluated. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) in prevention or amelioration of cisplatininduced acute kidney injury (AKI) in Sprague-Dawley rates have been tested. Methods:80 Sprague-Dawley rats (250∼300g) were used and divided into 4 major groups, 20 rats on eachgroup. Group I:Cisplatin-injected group (7mg/kg I.P). Group II: Cisplatin-injected and hAFSCs-treated
A Risk-Centric Model of Demand Recessions and Macroprudential Policy

We theoretically analyze the interactions between asset prices, financial speculation, and macroeconomic outcomes when output is determined by aggregate demand. If the interest rate is constrained, a decline in risky asset valuations generates a demand recession. This reduces earnings and generates a negative feedback loop between asset prices and aggregate demand. In the recession phase, beliefs matter not only because they affect asset valuations but also because they determine the strength of the amplification mechanism. In the ex-ante boom phase, belief disagreements (or heterogeneous asset valuations) matter because they induce investors to speculate. This speculation exacerbates the crash by reducing high-valuation investors' wealth when the economy transitions to recession. Macroprudential policy that restricts speculation in the boom can Pareto improve welfare by increasing asset prices and aggregate demand in the recession.
Density management diagram for teak plantations in Tabasco, Mexico

Abstract: Density management diagrams are valuable tools for managing specific forest species. The aim of this study was to obtain a density management diagram for teak (Tectona grandis L.) plantations in the State of Tabasco in Mexico. To achieve this objective, a set of 10 plantations were studied, in which 42 plots were established. Two equations were fitted simultaneously, including one related to the quadratic mean diameter, stand density and dominant height and the other which related the total stand volume to the quadratic mean diameter, stand density and dominant height. The results showed that the diagram had an acceptable predictability, thus indicating its usefulness and accuracy in planning silvicultural interventions. This diagram is a very powerful tool that can enable stakeholders to manage teak plantations in the State of Tabasco.
ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF FEMALE ORPHANAGE ADOLESCENTS COMPARED TO ADOLESCENTS LIVING WITH THEIR FAMILIES, QASSIM, SAUDI ARABIA.

* Amjad Al-Obaidullah 1 , Bayader Al-Towijiry 1 and Dr. Khadiga H. Osman 2 . 1. Dental Intern, Qassim University. 2. Assistant professor, Orthodontic and Paediatric Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Qassim University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
PRONUNCIATION VARIANTS IN FRENCH : SCHWA & LIAISON

In this communication, we focus on well-known pronunciation variants in French, which are style-related and also partially depend on the speakers’ socio-cultural background: the so-called mute e (or schwa) and liaisons (sandhi phenomena). We compare the occurrence of such pronunciation variants in large corpora of orthographically transcribed speech: the BREF corpus comprised of 120 hours of read newspaper speech and a portion of the MASK corpus containing 35 hours of spontaneous speech collected via a travel information dialog system. Phonemic transcriptions of the speech corpora were automatically obtained by aligning the acoustic data with a pronunciation graph, derived by expanding the orthographic transcription using a pronunciation dictionary which includes relevant variants. The frequency of occurrence of schwas and liaisons were computed from the aligned phonemic transcriptions, and the effect of lexical frequency is investigated.
Determining the impact of green management policies on hotel performance : A manager ’ s perspective

This paper examines the possibility of a link between green management policies and hotel performance in two Sub-Saharan developing countries from the manager’s perspective. The impact of green management policies on hotel performance has raised ongoing debates in which no conclusive positions have been arrived at. Green management policies, regulations, and goals in hotels are to some extent formulated in response to genuine environmental concerns of stakeholders who include (internal stakeholders) customers, employees, shareholders, owners, suppliers, and (external stakeholders) academics, government agencies and competitors (Weng et al., 2015:4997). The research design used to carry out this study was a multiple case study based on its appropriateness to assist the researcher to determine the impact of green managemnt policies on the performance of hotels. This study was carried out on the assumption that managers in hotels have an understanding of the views of the stakeholders as they exert pressure on the hotel to formulate policies to become green. Qualitative research was employed in order to gain a rich understanding of the impact of green management policies on hotel performance. Interviews were carried out on three star hotels. Content analysis was performed to process the data which were displayed in tables accompanied with some descriptive narrative. The interviews revealed that in most hotels green management policies are unavailable, suggesting that there is a lack of awareness, yet green initiatives are being implemented in the hotels, mainly to save resources and for cost reduction. The study revealed that only a few managers in the hotels that were studied have formulated green management policies. Some of the performance factors that emerged from the study include cost reduction, employee edification, and business competitiveness. This study determined the impact of green management policies on hotel performance from the perspective of the manager in the countries that were studied. The study made a distinct contribution to the literature by identifying the perceptions of hotel managers with regard to the implementation of green management policies.
Agroforestry and the Improvement of Soil Fertility: A View from Amazonia

This paper discusses the effects of trees on soil fertility, with a focus on agricultural systems in Amazonia. Relevant literature concerning the effects of trees on soil physical and chemical properties in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions is reviewed, covering both natural ecosystems and agroecosystems. Soil carbon, in the form of organic matter, is considered as an indicator of biological activity as well as in relation to policy issues such as carbon sequestration and climate change. In the case of tropical soils and Amazonia, information on the effects of trees on soils is discussed in the context of traditional agriculture systems, as well as in regard to the development of more sustainable agricultural alternatives for the region. Lastly, attention is given to a case study in the savanna region of Roraima, northern Brazil, where a chronosequence of indigenous homegarden agroforestry systems showed clear effects of management practices involving trees on soil fertility. The use of diverse tree species and other practices employed in agroforestry systems can represent alternative forms of increasing soil fertility and maintaining agricultural production, with important practical applications for the sustainability of tropical agriculture.
Ma? ori perspectives on hospice care

Ma¯ori have the right to high-quality, appropriate care in all health settings. This study aimed to determine the perceptions and preferences of Ma¯ori for end-of-life care in a hospice. A Kaupapa Ma¯ori approach to research shaped this qualitative pilot study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with five elders fromMa¯ori communities and two focus groups with seven family members of Ma¯ori patients who had recently received hospice care. Thematic analysis identified (1) that participants perceived hospice as like a hospital, a place where people died, (2) what they appreciated and wanted from ospice, such as family-centred endof- life care and respect for Ma¯ori cultural practices, (3) what they perceived as problems and barriers to receiving hospice care, and (4) their potential solutions to these problems, such as community information seminars about the breadth of hospice services. These findings have implications for how Aotearoa/New Zealand hospices can ensure appropriate care for Ma¯ori patients and their families, as well as for clinicians and other hospice staffwho aim to provide culturally sensitive care.