Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) Latex Phytochemicals Induce Long-Lasting Non-Opioid Peripheral Analgesia in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Pain

The negative side effects of opioid-based narcotics underscore the search for alternative non-opioid bioactive compounds that act on the peripheral nervous system to avoid central nervous system-mediated side effects. The transient receptor potential V1 ion channel (TRPV1) is a peripheral pain generator activated and sensitized by heat, capsaicin, and a variety of endogenous ligands. TRPV1 contributes to peripheral sensitization and hyperalgesia, in part, via triggering the release of proinflammatory peptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), both locally and at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Ultrapotent exogenous TRPV1 agonists, such as resiniferatoxin identified in the latex of the exotic Euphorbia resinifera, trigger hyperalgesia followed by long lasting, peripheral analgesia. The present study reports on the analgesic properties of Euphorbia bicolor, a relative of E. resinifera, native to the Southern United States. The study hypothesized that E. bicolor latex extract induces long-lasting, non-opioid peripheral analgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Both inflamed and non-inflamed adult male and female rats were injected with the methanolic extract of E. bicolor latex into the hindpaw and changes in pain behaviors were reassessed at various time points up to 4 weeks. Primary sensory neuron cultures also were treated with the latex extract or vehicle for 15 min followed by stimulation with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. Results showed that E. bicolor latex extract evoked significant pain behaviors in both male and female rats at 20 min post-injection and lasting around 1–2 h. At 6 h post-injection, analgesia was observed in male rats that lasted up to 4 weeks, whereas in females the onset of analgesia was delayed to 72 h post-injection. In sensory neurons, latex extract significantly reduced capsaicin-evoked CGRP release. Blocking TRPV1, but not opioid receptors, attenuated the onset of analgesia and capsaicin-induced CGRP release. Latex was analyzed by mass spectrometry and eleven candidate compounds were identified and reported here. These findings indicate that phytochemicals in the E. bicolor latex induce hyperalgesia followed by peripheral, non-opioid analgesia in both male and female rats, which occurs in part via TRPV1 and may provide novel, non-opioid peripheral analgesics that warrant further examination.
16‐QAM OFDM‐Based K‐Band LoS MIMO Communication System with Alignment Mismatch Compensation

This paper presents a novel K‐band (18 GHz) 16‐quadrature amplitude modulation (16‐QAM) orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based 2 × 2 line‐of‐sight multi‐input multi‐output communication system. The system can deliver 356 Mbps on a 56 MHz channel. Alignment mismatches, such as amplitude and/or phase mismatches, between the transmitter and receiver antennas were examined through hardware experiments. Hardware experimental results revealed that amplitude mismatch is related to antenna size, antenna beam width, and link distance. The proposed system employs an alignment mismatch compensation method. The open‐loop architecture of the proposed compensation method is simple and enables facile construction of communication systems. In a digital modem, 16‐QAM OFDM with a 512‐point fast Fourier transform and (255, 239) Reed‐Solomon forward error correction codecs is used. Experimental results show that a bit error rate of 10−5 is achieved at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of approximately 18.0 dB.
Primary Spinal Astrocytomas: A Literature Review

Primary spinal astrocytoma is a subtype of glioma, the most common spinal cord tumor found in the intradural intramedullary compartment. Spinal astrocytomas account for 6-8% of all spinal cord tumors and are primarily low grade (World Health Organization grade I (WHO I) or WHO II). They are seen in both the adult and pediatric population with the most common presenting symptoms being back pain, sensory dysfunction, or motor dysfunction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with and without gadolinium is the imaging of choice, which usually reveals a hypointense T1 weighted and hyperintense T2 weighted lesion with a heterogeneous pattern of contrast enhancement. Further imaging which may aid in surgical planning includes computerized tomography, diffusion tensor imaging, and tractography. Median survival in spinal cord astrocytomas ranges widely. The factors most significantly associated with poor prognosis and shorter median survival are older age at initial diagnosis, higher grade lesion based on histology, and extent of resection. The mainstay of treatment for primary spinal cord astrocytomas is surgical resection, with the goal of preservation of neurologic function, guided by intraoperative neuromonitoring. Adjunctive radiation has been shown beneficial and may increase overall survival. The role of adjunctive chemotherapy is employed, however, its benefit has not been clearly defined. Primary spinal cord astrocytomas are rare and challenging to treat. The gold standard treatment is surgical resection. Second-line treatments include radiation and chemotherapy, although, the optimal regimen for adjunctive therapy has not yet been clearly defined.
Factors Associated With Contraceptive Use Among Antenatal Care Clients With 3 or More Children at a Central Hospital in Burundi: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The fertility rate in Burundi has remained consistently high since the 1980s, while the prevalence of contraceptive use in the country (22%) has been among the lowest in Africa. Reasons for low contraception uptake in Burundi have not been adequately clarified. This study aimed to identify factors associated with contraceptive use among pregnant women who had at least 3 healthy children and sought antenatal care services at an urban tertiary hospital in Burundi. Methods: Data were collected from antenatal clients with 3 or more children at Kamenge University Hospital. Data analysis included univariate and multivariate methods as well as multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS, version 16.0. Results: We enrolled 255 women with a mean age of 32±4.5 years. The majority (n=232, 91.0%) of participants were urban residents with low incomes, and most (n=227, 89.0%) were educated to the primary school level or lower. The mean parity was 4.2±1.4, and most women had either 3 (n=120, 47.1%), 4 (n=66, 25.9%), or 5 (n=43, 16.9%) children; 26 (10%) participants had at least 6 children. Most (n=166, 65.1%) participants were part of couples who desired to have a final number of 4 to 6 children. About half (n=129, 50.6%) of the participants were able to name 1 or 2 benefits of contraception, and 105 (41.2%) participants mentioned 3 or 4 benefits of contraception. The most commonly reported benefit of contraceptive use was that it allows for improved maternal and child health. Low rates of contraceptive use were reported by participants with partners who worked as farmers, those citing fewer benefits of contraception, and those who relied on neighbours as their main source of information about contraception. Conclusion: Knowledge of the benefits of contraception was among the strongest determinants of contraceptive use in this population. Farmers and traders were less likely to use contraceptives than participants who were engaged in other types of work. Medical personnel were the most relied upon source of information about contraception, and the strongest predictor of contraceptive use was the personal opinion that contraception is acceptable.
Medical termination of pregnancy and subsequent adoption of contraception

Background: The reasons for seeking MTP ranged from proximate causes such as desire to limit family size or space pregnancies, seeking abortion for medical reasons or availing it on medical advice to distal determinants such as poverty, violence and belief system. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the factors influencing MTPs & the subsequent adoption of contraceptive methods following MTP. Methods: The study subjects included women who underwent MTP at the hospital during the study period. The details regarding their socio demographic profile, previous obstetric history, reason for seeking abortion and acceptance of post abortal contraception were taken. Results: 103 women who sought MTP during the study period were included in the study. Among the MTP seekers 22 (21.4%) women had history of one or more abortions in the recent past. Most of the study subjects i.e., 41 (39.8%) sought MTP for socio-economic reasons. The other conditions were eugenic reasons among 40 (38.9%) and medical reasons 10 (9.1%), only 12 (11.6%) women sought MTP for contraceptive failure. Adoption of contraception following MTP was seen only among 52 (50.5%). Conclusions: Eligible couples have to be educated regarding the availability of different methods of contraceptives and their proper use to avoid pregnancy as long as they want. Similarly, all MTP seekers should be provided information and counseling for post-abortal contraceptive use and enable these women and their spouse to make an informed and voluntary choice and thus avoid the need of a repeat abortion.
Spectrum, Pattern, and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Emergency Department Admissions in Selected Hospitals of Western Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Prospective Study

Background There has been a steady rise in the absolute number of emergency room admissions over the last few decades. The healthcare delivery system of a country is required to be adjusted to patterns of morbidity and mortality to mitigate the minimized prolonged ill health consequences and premature death of adults. The spectrum, patterns, morbidity, and mortality of health and health-related emergency conditions for which patients visit hospitals often reflect the magnitude of different health problems in a society. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the spectrum, pattern, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of emergency department admissions among adult people who visited EDs of the selected hospitals in western Ethiopia. Methodology Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study design was utilized. To select hospitals to be included in the study, the area sampling technique was used. Five administrative zones in west Oromia were selected as geographical clusters. Then, four hospitals were randomly selected from each zone. Finally, the consecutive sampling technique was utilized to recruit the study participants. Results The mean age of the patients admitted to emergency departments (EDs) of the selected hospitals was 34.98 years. The male-to-female ratio of the respondents was nearly equal (1 : 1.04). While one-fourth (20.4%) of the patients arrived by ambulances (without identifying reason), 23.6% of them visited the emergency department as they had no other place to go. Medical emergencies (45.4%) were the leading types of emergencies followed by traumatic emergencies (27.3%). Respiratory distress (12.43%), extremity fractures (9.61%), and hypertensive disorders (8.6%) were among the top leading causes of adult ED admissions. Vital signs were deranged in about 59.4% of the cases. The most common type of immediately life-threatening problems identified on arrival was impairment of breathing (37%), followed by circulatory compromises (30%). Emergency department admission patterns were variable with peak admissions in the month of February and the lowest in November. The vast majority (90.9%) of emergency patients survived. While 8.5% of patients died of the various types of emergency conditions, the final clinical outcome was not identified in 1.5% of the patients. Conclusion This study has showed mixed cases with varied patterns and outcomes of adult emergency department admissions. As overall there is a need to be alert during specific seasons, actions must be taken to improve the readiness of existing emergency room services. Furthermore, it is worthwhile to invest further on standardizing and organizing prehospital services at the community level.
Effects of probiotics and synbiotic on lipid profiles in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: The use of probiotics and/or prebiotics as an effective means of regulating gut microbiota may have a beneficial effect on metabolic disorders.Aims: This study was designed to assess the ability of probiotics and synbiotic to modify lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes who are at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 120 pre-diabetic adults aged 35-70 years from the first-degree family of type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and randomly equally assigned to consume 6 g/d either probiotic or synbiotic or placebo supplements for 6 months. The probiotics used were Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Bifidobacterium longum. Food record, physical activity, anthropometric measures and lipid profiles were assessed repeatedly at baseline, and 3- and 6-month supplementation.Results: Probiotics and synbiotic were effective in reduction of serum triglycerides after 6 months of intervention (SMD=- 10.6 and -9.4 respectively). Compared with the placebo, synbiotic resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglyceride levels (MD±SE: -9.4 ± 6.6 mg/dl vs. +13.2±6.8 mg/dl, p=0.02). Serum total-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol were statistically unaffected by probiotic or synbiotic.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that supplementation with probiotic and especially synbiotic could decrease the concentration of triglyceride in prediabetic adults. This finding could warrant future studies to determine the therapeutic and preventive effects of these supplements in individuals at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: probiotic; synbiotic; prediabetes; lipid; lipoprotein
Metabolic Profile as A Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease Detected by Multislice Computed Tomography in Asymptomatic Type II Diabetic Patients

Background: previous studies have demonstrated that coronary artery calcium score (CACS) assessment combined with risk factors among asymptomatic adults provides prognostic information superior to either method alone, and the combined approach can more accurately guide primary preventive strategies for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the presence and extent of coronary calcium in symptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome by MSCT. Patients and Methods: this was a prospective observational study that was done between January 2018 and December 2018. The study included 150 patients referred to the MSCT Coronary Angiography unite in Mustafa Kamel Military hospital (Alexandria, Egypt) with metabolic syndrome according to IDF. Results: in our study 51 cases (86.4%) of those with serum parathyroid hormone level less than 65 pg/dl had a coronary calcium score (CCS) less than 10 compared to 8 cases (18. 6%) among those with more than 65 pg/dl (p value 0.001), while 0% out of those with normal serum parathyroid hormone less than 65 pg/dl had a CCS more than 200 (p value= 0.001) while 100% cases with CCS more than 200 had serum parathyroid level more than 65 pg/dl. So, the trend toward a high CCS is linked to increasing serum parathyroid hormone level. Conclusion: CAC screening is accurate and valuable modality as a completely non-invasive and relatively timeefficient screening way when avoiding high radiation burden to patients with metabolic syndrome criteria even when asymptomatic.
Automatic Amharic Text Summarization using NLP Parser

-The proposed system investigates the problem of building the domain based single and multiple document Amharic text summarization. Multi-document summarization is the main task in natural language processing and summarizing a huge text document into a short and precise format from multiple documents. Multi-document summarization targets to condense the most important information from a set of documents to produce a short summary. Multi-document summarization is also an integral tool for document understanding and well interpreting in the existing system of text summarization. But single text document summarization has been done from a single text document only. Text summarization can be done based on its input, purpose, and output. In the existing system, most research has been done on extractive single document summarization, but now we propose the new system that solves the existing problem by developing the combinations of extractive and abstractive summarization approach on a single as well as multiple document input from the user. To solve such existing problem by using Java programming language for their flexibility and it has a powerful library Java universal network graphic for text summary. PageRank algorithm plays a great role in finding out their sentence score and its weights of a sentence in the document. The proposed model summarizes only text document but in the future, develop text summarization model for all types of document including graph, image, picture, video and other form in addition to the text document
Assessment of effectiveness of extracapsular cataract extraction versus manual small incision cataract surgery: an observational study

Background: Dilemma of cost effectiveness of manual small incision cataract surgeries (MSICS) in the terms of training and equipment has been widely pondered upon in developing areas. Objective of the study is to compare the manual small incision cataract surgery and extra capsular cataract extraction.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among the IPD patients of the Ophthalmology Department of Khaja Bandanawaz Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, from June to December 2017. Statistical Analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2013, SPSS 23.0 and Chi-square test was performed.Results: Out of the 160 individuals who underwent extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), 06 (3.75%), 91 (56.88%) and 63 (39.37%) of the study subjects had poor (5/50), moderate (6/60-6/24) and good (6/18-6/6) visual acuity respectively. Highest incidence was that of lens prolapse (25%) and corneal complications (25%) in ECCE. Among the subjects who underwent MSICS, highest incidence of intra operative complication noticed was that of lens prolapse, iris prolapse and anterior chamber collapse, each at 20%. Conclusions: It was concluded that the restoration of visual acuity was fairly good and uniform in both the procedures. Certain intra operative complications such as lens prolapse, iris prolapse and anterior chamber collapse were noticed in MSICS and capsular flaps and vitreous loss were noticed only in ECCE.
Systematic Design of Analog CMOS Circuits: Using Pre-Computed Lookup Tables

Discover a fresh approach to efficient and insight-driven analog integrated circuit design in nanoscale-CMOS with this hands-on guide. Expert authors present a sizing methodology that employs SPICE-generated lookup tables, enabling close agreement between hand analysis and simulation. This enables the exploration of analog circuit tradeoffs using the gm/ID ratio as a central variable in script-based design flows, and eliminates time-consuming iterations in a circuit simulator. Supported by downloadable MATLAB code, and including over forty detailed worked examples, this book will provide professional analog circuit designers, researchers, and graduate students with the theoretical know-how and practical tools needed to acquire a systematic and re-use oriented design style for analog integrated circuits in modern CMOS.
Epidemiology of maternal mortality in Befelatanana maternity during 2016-2017

Background: Maternal mortality remains a permanent obsession for the pregnant woman and her entourage, and is still one of the topical issues faced by a developing country, such as Madagascar. Our study aims to determine the epidemiological and etiological profile.Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study over a 2-year period from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2017 at the Befelatanana Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital on maternal deaths.Results: We had 76 maternal deaths out of 5430 births, or 1.39%. The average age was 31.18±8.38 years with extremes of 14 and 49 years. The average parity was 2.67±1.85. The majority of pregnancies were poorly followed with a mean ANC of 2.18±1.85. The referred patients predominated at 68.42%. Women living in the urban area had a 57.89% majority. Among the etiology, hypertensive complications predominated at 42.11% followed by hemorrhagic (38.16%) and infectious (19.14%) complications. The patients who underwent surgery predominated at 78.94% and 59.21% were transfused.Conclusions: Maternal mortality remains a major concern at the Befelatanana Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital. During our study, hypertensive complications were found to be the most common causes requiring adequate management. For this, an awareness of pregnant women for the standardization of ANC, as well as regular training of health actor are necessary.
Factors associated with waiting times for persons with rheumatic conditions in multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities

Objectives Access to multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities (MPTF) in Canada is limited by long waiting lists. However, little is known about the factors associated with access to MPTF specifically for persons with rheumatic conditions. This study aimed to 1) determine the waiting time for services in publicly funded MPTF for persons with rheumatic conditions in the province of Quebec, Canada, as well as 2) identify the factors associated with waiting time. Methods This study was conducted using the Quebec Pain Registry, a large database of patients who received pain management services in MPTF. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed for potential associations with waiting time. Descriptive, bivariate analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results A total of 3,665 patients with rheumatic conditions were identified within the registry. Patients had a mean age of 55±14 years and the majority were women (65.7%). The average waiting time was 241.2±308.9 days (median=126), with 34.2% of the patients waiting longer than 6 months before having a first appointment. Results indicate that longer pain duration, lower household income, pain onset following a motor vehicle accident, having fibromyalgia, being on permanent disability or unemployed and being referred by a family physician (versus specialist) were significantly associated with longer waiting times. Conclusions Many patients with rheumatic conditions (especially fibromyalgia) face long delays before receiving services in Quebec’s MPTF. This study identified several factors associated with waiting time and emphasizes the need to improve access to pain management services.
EXPERIENCES OF METH-DEPENDENT PATIENTS UNDERGOING CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT (CM) THERAPY

This study explored the experiences of meth-dependent patients to gain insight into their thoughts and feelings on the Contingency Management (CM) intervention used during their three-month therapeutic session at a rehabilitation center in Dengkil, Malaysia. This basic qualitative research interviewed seven participants who had just finished undergoing the CM intervention process as the main therapeutic approach. The results indicate eight major themes from three research questions: (a) increased strength to turn their life around, (b) provide positive feelings, (c) application of knowledge, (d) reward as an afterthought, (e) realization of correcting past mistakes, (f) continuous encouragement to change, (g) more confidence in their ability to change, and (h) happy seeing positive rewards to their actions. Results of the study indicate that they found CM to be successful in their recovery process from meth dependence, especially in strengthening their intrinsic motivation. Patients also feel that the reward-based system used in CM has been beneficial in making them feel more happier and realizing the past mistakes that they have made.