Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ofloxacin versus parenteral therapy for chronic osteomyelitis

We conducted a randomized comparison of oral ofloxacin (400 mg twice a day) and parenteral agents (cefazolin, 1.0 g intravenously every 8 h, or ceftazidime, 2.0 g intravenously every 12 h) in biopsy-confirmed, nonprosthesis osteomyelitis. A total of 19 subjects received ofloxacin for an average of 8 weeks, and 14 received parenteral antibiotics for an average of 4 weeks; both therapies were well tolerated. Infections were due to Staphylococcus aureus (40%), Enterococcus spp. (3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), and other gram-negative organisms (42%). At the completion of therapy, one P. aeruginosa infection in the ofloxacin group persisted and the organism acquired resistance, accompanied by a resistant Acinetobacter superinfection. In the parenteral group, one S. aureus infection persisted, and there was a resolved superinfection due to S. aureus as well. Eighteen-month follow-up data have been obtained. Among those treated with ofloxacin, four subjects whose initial response to therapy was successful suffered relapses of infection, three due to S. aureus and one due to P. aeruginosa, while in the parenteral group, one subject with a P. aeruginosa infection relapsed. Long-term response to therapy was successful for 14 of 19 (74%) subjects who received ofloxacin and 12 of 14 (86%) who received parenteral antibiotics; the difference was not significant. Oral ofloxacin appears comparable to parenteral antibiotics in chronic osteomyelitis due to susceptible organisms, and oral ofloxacin offers advantages in economics and convenience.
Cervical laminectomy for the treatment of cervical degenerative myelopathy.

OBJECT The objective of this systematic review was to use evidence-based medicine to examine the efficacy of cervical laminectomy for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). METHODS The National Library of Medicine and Cochrane Database were queried using MeSH headings and keywords relevant to cervical laminectomy and CSM. Abstracts were reviewed after which studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. The guidelines group assembled an evidentiary table summarizing the quality of evidence (Classes I-III). Disagreements regarding the level of evidence were resolved through an expert consensus conference. The group formulated recommendations that contained the degree of strength based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines network. Validation was done through peer review by the Joint Guidelines Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons. RESULTS Laminectomy has improved functional outcome for symptomatic cervical myelopathy (Class III). The limitations of the technique are an increased risk of postoperative kyphosis compared to anterior techniques or laminoplasty or laminectomy with fusion (Class III). However, the development of kyphosis may not necessarily to diminish the clinical outcome (Class III). CONCLUSIONS Laminectomy is an acceptable therapy for near-term functional improvement of CSM (Class III). It is associated with development of kyphosis, however.
Frequent activation of AKT2 kinase in human pancreatic carcinomas

Activation of AKT/protein kinase B promotes a variety of biological activities important in tumorigenesis, such as cell survival and cell cycle progression. We previously demonstrated amplification and overexpression of the AKT2 gene in a subset of human pancreatic carcinomas. In this investigation, we assessed AKT2 catalytic activity in 50 frozen pancreatic tissues (37 carcinomas, four benign tumors, and nine normal pancreata) by in vitro kinase assay. Twelve of 37 (32%) pancreatic carcinomas showed markedly elevated levels of AKT2 activity compared to normal pancreata and benign pancreatic tumors. To delineate mechanisms contributing to AKT2 activation in malignant pancreatic tumors, we examined the status of upstream components of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Western blot analysis revealed loss of PTEN protein expression in two of the 12 pancreatic carcinomas with activated AKT2. In vitro PI3K assays demonstrated high levels of PI3K activity in seven carcinoma specimens that showed AKT2 activation. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed high levels of phosphorylated (active) AKT in malignant pancreatic tumors compared to normal pancreata. Overall, these data suggest that upstream perturbations of the PI3K/AKT pathway contribute to frequent activation of AKT2 in pancreatic cancer, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of this highly aggressive form of human malignancy. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 470–476, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Cooling Fluid Parameter on the Fluid Flow and End Part Temperature in End Region of a Large Turbogenerator

In order to study the influence of the cooling fluid parameter on the fluid flow and end part temperature in the end region of the large turbogenerator, a 330-MW water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooled turbogenerator is analyzed. The fluid velocity and pressure values from the flow network calculations are applied to the end region as boundary conditions and the losses obtained from 3-D transient electromagnetic field calculations are applied to the end parts as heat sources in the fluid and thermal coupling analysis. After solving the fluid and thermal equations of fluid-solid conjugated heat transfer, the fluid velocity and end part temperature in the turbogenerator end region are gained under the different cooling fluid parameters. The influence of different fluid velocities and fluid temperatures in the water pipe inlet, and in the fan inlet on the fluid flow and end part temperature in the turbogenerator end region is researched. The calculation results of copper shield temperature are compared with the measured values. The calculation results coincident well with the measured values. These provide the important reference for better cooling turbogenerator end region.
Social world interactions: how company connects to paranoia

Background Experimental studies have indicated that social contact, even when it is neutral, triggers paranoid thinking in people who score high on clinical or subclinical paranoia. We investigated whether contextual variables are predictive of momentary increases in the intensity of paranoid thinking in a sample of participants ranging across a psychometric paranoia continuum. Method The sample (n=154) consisted of 30 currently paranoid patients, 34 currently non-paranoid patients, 15 remitted psychotic patients, 38 high-schizotypy participants, and 37 control subjects. Based on their total score on Fenigstein's Paranoia Scale (PS), three groups with different degrees of paranoia were defined. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM), a structured diary technique, was used to assess momentary social context, perceived social threat and paranoia in daily life. Results There were differences in the effect of social company on momentary levels of paranoia and perceived social threat across the range of trait paranoia. The low and medium paranoia groups reported higher levels of perceived social threat when they were with less-familiar compared to familiar individuals. The medium paranoia group reported more paranoia in less-familiar company. The high paranoia group reported no difference in the perception of social threat or momentary paranoia between familiar and unfamiliar contacts. Conclusions Paranoid thinking is context dependent in individuals with medium or at-risk levels of trait paranoia. Perceived social threat seems to be context dependent in the low paranoia group. However, at high levels of trait paranoia, momentary paranoia and momentary perceived social threat become autonomous and independent of social reality.
Effects of dietary rice bran, lasalocid, and sex of calf on postpartum reproduction in Brahman cows.

To determine the effects of dietary lasalocid and increased dietary fat on reproduction, multiparous Brahman cows (n = 68), body condition score (BCS) of 6.2 +/- 0.7 and BW of 500.9 +/- 42.6 kg, were randomly assigned within sex of calf to receive one of four rations. All treatment groups grazed Coastal bermudagrass overseeded with rye-ryegrass and were given ad libitum access to hay and water. The control (n = 17) group received 4.17 kg x d(-1) x cow(-1) of 4:1 corn:soybean meal. The rice bran (n = 17) group received 4.35 kg x d(-1) x cow(-1) of 3:1:1 corn:soybean meal:rice bran (5.2% dietary fat). The lasalocid (n = 17) group received the Control diet with the addition of 200 mg of lasalocid x d(-1) x cow(-1). The rice bran-lasalocid (n = 17) group received the rice bran diet with the addition of 200 mg of lasalocid x d(-1) x cow(-1). Diets were fed once daily from d 1 after parturition through the detection of first estrus. Weight and BCS of cows and BW of calves were recorded at 14-d intervals from d 1 after parturition through detection of first estrus and at weaning. Cows were bled on d 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 and at weekly intervals until estrus and on d 7 and d 10 after estrus. Ovarian follicular populations were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography weekly from d 14 after parturition through detection of first estrus. Plasma 13-14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin-F2alpha (PGFM) and progesterone (P4) concentrations were quantified using RIA. Concentrations of PGFM from d 1 to 7 and P4 concentrations on d 7 and 10 after estrus were not influenced (P > 0.10) by diet or sex of calf. Changes in BW and BCS were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. The number of medium-sized follicles tended to be greater (P < 0.06) in Controls than in cows on lasalocid or rice bran + lasalocid treatments on d 21. Cumulative return to estrus with a functional corpus luteum by d 60 postpartum was greater (P < 0.02) in the rice bran (70.6%) and lasalocid groups (76.5%) than in Controls (52.9%) or the group given rice bran + lasalocid (25.0%). Normal first estrous cycles were less likely (P < 0.07) to be exhibited in cows given rice bran + lasalocid than in other groups. Intervals from calving to corpus luteum formation, functional corpus luteum, and first P4 > or = 1 ng/mL were longer (P < 0.02) in cows given rice bran + lasalocid than in other cows. Combining increased dietary fat (5.2%) with lasalocid lengthened the time to reproductively important events.
疏肝肺积方结合心理干预对原发性肺癌患者生存质量的影响

背景与目的 原发性支气管肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤，带给患者巨大的躯体病痛和情绪障碍，而且明显降低患者的生存质量，本实验旨在研究疏肝肺积方结合心理干预对原发性肺癌患者生存质量、体能状态的影响。 方法 将118例原发性非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两组：疏肝肺积方结合心理干预加化疗组（联合治疗组57例）和单纯化疗组（61例）。 联合治疗组采用疏肝肺积方和心理干预与化疗的联合应用；单纯化疗组仅接受化疗，共完成2次化疗，为1个总疗程。 采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量核心量表（European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30）和肺癌患者生命质量测定特异性模块（EORTC QLQ-LC13）测定生存质量，卡氏评分（Karnofsky performance status, KPS）和ECOG评分（East Cooperative Oncology Group performance status）测定体能状态。 结果 联合治疗组生理、角色、情感、认知、社会功能以及总健康状况领域的评分比单纯化疗组的评分高，生存质量更好，且具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；联合治疗组疲倦、恶心呕吐、疼痛、气促、失眠、食欲丧失、便秘症状以及肺癌特异症状评分比单纯化疗组的评分低，缓解更明显，且具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；联合治疗组卡氏评分和ECOG评分提高和稳定的患者多于单纯化疗组，且具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。 结论 疏肝肺积方结合心理干预能缓解肺癌患者的临床症状、改善体能状态、提高生存质量，具有较好的临床疗效。
Psychological Distress Among Adolescents Living with a Parent with Advanced Cancer

The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the impact of advanced parental cancer on adolescents’ psychological status. A sample of 28 adolescents, having a parent with advanced cancer, was recruited and compared with a sample from the general population (N = 2,346). Late adolescents (age 15 to 18) experienced significantly more psychological distress than early adolescents (age 12 to 14). Moreover, late adolescents experienced significantly higher psychological distress than the general population for the same age group, which was not the case for early adolescents. Implications for adolescents living in families touched by advanced cancer are discussed.
Early perfusion after controlled cortical impact in rats: Quantification by arterial spin‐labeled MRI and the influence of spin‐lattice relaxation time heterogeneity

Early posttraumatic cerebral hypoperfusion is implicated in the evolution of secondary damage after experimental and clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is the first report of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement by continuous arterial spin‐labeled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) early after TBI in rats using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. CCI reduced CBF globally at ∼3 hr (versus normal), with 85% and 49% reductions in a contused cortical region and contralateral cortex, respectively. In contrast, a prior MRI study from this laboratory showed at 24 hr post trauma a focal CBF reduction restricted to the injury site. In vivo spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1obs), which is used in CBF quantification, was spatially heterogeneous early after CCI, a time when edema is developing in injured brain tissue. At 4.7 T, T1obs values are increased 29% in the contusion (versus normal), consequently reducing CBF quantification to a similar degree. MRI should facilitate coupling posttraumatic CBF with long‐term functional outcome. Magn Reson Med 42:673–681, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Economic and Social Development

The aim of this paper is to analyze the legal provisions which adjust the procedure for resolving commercial disputes in the court, the paper, particularly aims to identify the problems that are encountered in practice. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part of the paper deals with the jurisdiction of the court on commercial disputes and the rules that apply to the conduct of commercial contest proceedings whereas, the second part of the paper analyzes the empirical data extracted from the research conducted at the Basic Court in Pristina regarding the trade disputes resolved during 2013-2015.The questions raised in this paper are:the Rules defining the jurisdiction of the court on economic issues are found within a law or in different laws; -If the rules defining the jurisdiction of the court are found in different laws, is the court competence consistently determined by such rules? ; How often business subjects address to the court to resolve their disputes and how effective the courts are in resolving these disputes, and from which relationships the most commonly the trade disputes arise. At the conclusion of the paper, it results that the commercial disputes mostly arise from the violation of the contractual obligations.
Dehydroleucodin: a guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone

Dehydroleucodin [systematic name: (1S,6S,2R)-9,13-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxatricyclo[8.3. 0.02,6]trideca-9,12-diene-4,11-dione], C15H16O3, is a guanolide isolated from Artemisia douglasiana. The fused-ring system contains a seven-membered ring that adopts a chair conformation, a fused planar cyclopentenone ring and a five-membered lactone ring fused in envelope conformation. The absolute structure determined by X-ray analysis agrees with that previously assigned to this compound by NMR studies [Bohlmann & Zdero (1972 ▶). Tetrahedron Lett. 13, 621–624] and also with that of leucodine, a closely related guaianolide [Martinez et al. (1988 ▶). J. Nat. Prod. 51, 221–228].
The Political Economy of Pork-Barrel Spending

The Political Economy of Pork-Barrel Spending J. Zachary Klingensmith This dissertation consists of five papers which examine the impact pork-barrel spending has on legislative decision-making. In chapter 1, I introduce the theory behind pork-barrel spending, legislative coalitions and other similar topics. In chapter 2, I determine if pork-barrel spending has any impact on state employment levels. I use both a spatial and non-spatial modeling methodology to answer the question. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between the amount of pork-barrel spending appropriated by the Senator and the amount of money the Senator is able to fundraise. Chapter 4 integrates the results from chapter 3 to develop two-stage and three-stage models which estimate electoral success. The fifth and final chapter concludes the dissertation by using the results from the other chapters to determine whether or not pork-barrel spending suffers from the Tragedy of the Commons.
Impact of foliar symptoms of “Esca proper” on proteins related to defense and oxidative stress of grape skins during ripening

Esca is one of the major diseases affecting vineyards with direct impact on product yield; nevertheless, scientific studies concerning its impact on grape quality are scarce. As an attempt to better understand the mechanisms behind “Esca proper” development in grapes, this work focused on the identification of proteins whose expression is altered by the disease. 2‐DEs were performed on protein extracts from grape skins at different stages of maturity for two consecutive vintages. Grapes were collected in 2009 and in 2010 from plants that did not present signs of infection by Esca proper since the 2004 vintage and from plants that presented cast leaf symptoms at least once since 2004. For the first time, 13 proteins were shown to be influenced by Esca proper during the ripening process. Extensive bioinformatics analysis allowed the grouping of proteins involved in (i) stress tolerance and defense response, (ii) oxidative phosphorylation, (iii) oxidation–reduction processes in mitochondria, and (iv) oxidation–reduction processes in chloroplasts. Of these 13 proteins, cysteine synthase is the only one implicated in a metabolic pathway of oenological interest. This study shows how foliar symptoms of Esca proper may impact stress‐related pathways in grapes, which are characterized by modifications in the chain of oxidative phosphorylation and redox scavenging.
Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in neuronal targets and efferents of the area postrema in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat

Catecholamines in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) have been implicated in autonomic responses to circulating hormones that act on neurons in the area postrema, the most caudal circumventricular organ in brain. We combined immunoperoxidase labeling of the anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) with immunogold‐siver labeling of tyrosine hydroxylase to determine whether this enzymatic marker for catecholamines was present in efferents from the area postrema or their targets in the rat NTS. At survival periods of 10–12 days after PHAL injections into the area postrema, light microscopy revealed numerous varicose processes containing peroxidase reaction product for PHAL in the dorsomedial, medial, and commissural NTS. Some of these labeled processes were located near neuronal perikarya and processes containing immunogold‐silver intensified reaction product for tyrosine hydroxylase. Electron microscopy of the commissural and dorsomedial NTS established that the majority of the labeling for PHAL was in axon terminals, whereas immunogold labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase was mainly in soma and dendrites. Only 3 out of 579 PHAL‐labeled terminals also contained detectable tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Fifty‐eight percent (335/579) of the PHAL‐labeled terminals formed synapses with recognized symmetric junctions, whereas the remainder lacked synaptic specializations within the examined series of serial sections. Of those PHAL terminals forming recognized symmetric junctions, 22% were on tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive dendrites, 74% on unlabeled dendrites and 4% on unlabeled axon terminals. From a total of 1,250 observed contacts on tyrosine hydroxylase labeled dendrites, 88 (7%) contained PHAL, 9 (<1%) contained TH, and 1,180 (93%) lacked detectable immunoreactivity and formed primarily symmetric synapses. We conclude that a few catecholamine, but mainly noncatecholamine efferents from the area postrema provide a monosynaptic, and most likely inhibitory input to target neurons both with and without tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial and commissural NTS. Synapses between the efferent terminals from the area postrema and tyrosine hydroxylase labeled and unlabeled dendrites as well as unlabeled axons in these specific subnuclei of the NTS suggest multiple sites for modulation of gastric and cardiovascular reflexes in response to circulating peptdies. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Borderline Breast Lesions: Diagnostic Challenges and Clinical Implications

Breast cancer remains a global public health problem and is currently the most polarized cancer in the world. Attention to this disease, public awareness, and advances in breast imaging have made a positive impact on breast cancer screening and detection. The growing use of image-detected biopsies has led to increased diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ and high-risk proliferative breast lesions. This progress, however, has created a challenge for pathologists. In lieu of the fact that these entities are difficult to diagnose even in tissue sections taken from surgically excised lesions, pathologist are now expected to diagnose them in small and often fragmented tissue/cellular samples obtained from image-guided biopsies. In addition, some proliferative lesions are associated with an increased risk of finding neighboring malignancy when diagnosed on minimally invasive procedures. Therefore, classifying these lesions in small biopsies is difficult and risky. Some of the most challenging areas in diagnostic pathology includes the differentiation between atypical ductal hyperplasia and low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular neoplasia versus solid low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, the correct interpretation of papillary lesions with atypia, and classifying the spectrum of columnar cell changes. Although these issues have been recognized for years, consensus criteria and uniform terminology for the diagnosis of these problematic lesions are far from being achieved. The purpose of this study is to review these “borderline” proliferative lesions in an effort to clarify some criteria and prompt the most needed discussion for consensus.