Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of a New Model in Managing Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Indonesia: A Nonrandomized Controlled Intervention Study.

BACKGROUND Indonesia has a major problem with iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women. A new model named the Four Pillars Approach was designed to improve antenatal care for these women. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the model in managing pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. METHOD We used a nonrandomized controlled intervention study. The study, with the Four Pillars Approach as intervention versus usual care as its control, was conducted in two provinces in Java (Indonesia) during the period from March 2012 until May 2013. Main outcome measures were a difference of Hb level ≥ 0.5 g/dL, the number of women who attended five or more antenatal care visits, and birthing with a skilled birth attendant. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-four participants were enrolled in the study. Participants in the intervention group had an adjusted odds ratio of 25.0 (95% CI 12.03-52.03, p = 0.001) for increased hemoglobin of ≥ 0.5 g/dL at 35-37 weeks of gestation, compared with the control group. In the intervention group, 95.0 percent of women had five or more antenatal care visits, compared with 57.2 percent (p = 0.001) in the control group. All births in both groups were assisted by skilled birth attendants. CONCLUSION The Four Pillars Approach is effective in increasing the hemoglobin level and the frequency of antenatal care visits of participants when compared with the usual care for pregnant women with anemia.
The Top 1 Percent in International and Historical Perspective

World Top Incomes Database at http://topincomes.parisschoolofeconomics. eu/) and has represented a challenge to the economics profession. Stories based on the and has represented a challenge to the economics profession. Stories based on the supply and demand for skills are not enough to explain the extreme top tail of supply and demand for skills are not enough to explain the extreme top tail of the earnings distribution; nor is it enough to look only at earned incomes. Different the earnings distribution; nor is it enough to look only at earned incomes. Different approaches are necessary to explain what has happened in the United States over approaches are necessary to explain what has happened in the United States over the past century and also to explain the differing experience in other high-income the past century and also to explain the differing experience in other high-income countries over recent decades. We begin with the international comparison in the countries over recent decades. We begin with the international comparison in the fi rst section and then turn to the causes and implications of the evolution of top fi rst section and then turn to the causes and implications of the evolution of top income shares. income shares.
Peak Rotavirus Activity Shifted From Winter to Early Spring in Japan

Background: Since 1910, there have been many studies on acute gastroenteritis in children in Japan. These diseases, namely Kasei-shoni-kolera (pseudocholera infantum) or banshu-otosho (late autumn vomiting disease), are historically known to occur in the cooler season with a peak in November or December. Earlier we confirmed their causation by rotaviruses but found peaks in January or February from 1974 to 1981. The aim of the present study was to confirm the temporal shift in peak rotavirus activity. Methods: Under the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases program from 1983 through 2003, rotavirus positive patients 0–3 years old and clinically diagnosed with “infantile vomiting and diarrhea” at sentinel clinics were examined. Fecal samples were screened by electron microscopy and/or using commercial latex agglutination kits at prefectural/municipal Public Health Institutes, and we determined the trend for the “peak” month during 21 seasons. Results: Peak rotavirus activity shifted gradually from January to March during the 21 consecutive seasons. The mean duration from December to the peak month (mean beginning peak duration) of the rotavirus season significantly varied among 3 periods of 7 consecutive seasons (1.7 ± 0.5 months in 1982/1983–1988/1989, 2.3±0.8 months in 1989/1980–1995/1996, and 3.1 ± 0.7 months in 1996/1997–2002/2003, respectively; P = 0.0026 by 1-way analysis of variance). This time series shift in the peak rotavirus infection was statistically significant (P = 0.0003 for trend). Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that the temporal trend in peak rotavirus activity in Japan has shifted gradually from winter to early spring for unknown reasons.
Efficacy of combination light‐emitting diode (635 and 830 nm) therapy in treating local injection‐site reactions after filler

Diagnosing shiitake dermatitis can be complicated by the delay between eating the mushrooms and the appearance of the rash. One report described a patient who developed this rash on multiple occasions over 16 years before the connection was finally made. We are not aware of any previous cases of oral involvement in shiitake dermatitis, nor are pustules generally noted. Aphthous ulceration is common, and minor aphthae represent merely a nuisance for many people. The pathogenesis of these ulcers is not well understood, but lesions have been variably attributed to stress, viral infection and trauma. Aphthae can also be a manifestation of systemic disease, including Behc et syndrome, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Drugs such as nicorandil can also be responsible. Aphthae have also been reported as a feature of the neutrophilic dermatosis, Sweet syndrome. Our case demonstrated histology suggestive of a neutrophilic dermatosis, as well as pustules, which are also often seen in this disease spectrum. We postulate that the overlapping pathological features of our case of shiitake dermatitis with neutrophilic dermatoses may explain the unusual clinical features of pustulation and oral aphthous ulceration in this case. Our patient had complete resolution of the rash and mouth ulcers at the 1-month follow-up. We advised him to cook shiitake mushrooms more thoroughly in future.
Innovation, productivity, and export: Evidence from SMEs in Lower Normandy, France

This paper presents an analysis of the crucial relationship between innovation, productivity, and export in SMEs. The primary aims of this study are 1) to evaluate the role of innovation in the premium export; and 2) to test the hypothesis of firm conscious self-selection on willing to export. To this end, our database of SMEs, obtained from the survey conducted in the IDEIS project, provides highly pertinent information on innovation and export areas. We first evaluate apparent premium of exportation and that of innovation. In addition, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the export premium for high exportation firms that implement process and organization innovations. Finally, we analyse the effect of conscious self-selection from the export process that transforms an intention to export into a setting in capacity to export in short term. Conscious selfselection on willing to export is revealed by simultaneously endogeneizing productivity and innovation output based on recursive non-linear model.
Institutional perspectives on cost allocations: integration and extension

The debate on cost allocations in the management accounting literature has been dominated by a largely rationalistic perspective primarily informed by economic theories. However, there is growing evidence of institutional factors influencing cost allocation practices in organizations. This paper draws on neo-institutional sociology (NIS) and attempts to integrate prior research evidence of the institutional influence on cost allocation practices into an analytical framework. The core of our argument hinges on the observation that most cost allocations generate some degree of ambiguity. We argue that the implementation of various cost allocation techniques (in terms of their coupling to operating control) reflects differences in management of such ambiguity, but that this is conditioned by the patterns in which cost allocation techniques diffuse across organizations. We also address some pertinent criticisms of the NIS literature by discussing how certain intra-organizational factors and aspects of the organization's technical environment might interact with external institutional pressures in the implementation of cost allocation techniques. We advance six research propositions reflecting how such external institutional pressures and interaction effects influence the coupling of cost allocation practices to operating control.
Occurrence and characterization of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli from healthy individuals and those with urinary infection

Purpose. Class 1 integrons are among the main vehicles that facilitate the spread of antibiotic‐resistance genes, with serious public health consequences. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the presence of class 1 integrons and to characterize their variable regions, as well as the antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogenetic groups of a collection of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy subjects (n=42) and those with urinary infection (n=40). Methodology. The methods used included PCR, sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results. PCR screening for the integrase gene (intI1) revealed a higher incidence of class 1 integrons in uropathogenic E. coli (65%, UPEC) than in commensal isolates (11.9%). Eight of 31 intI1‐positive isolates, all of them UPEC, harboured empty integrons. The variable regions of the other 23 contained gene cassettes encoding resistance to &bgr;‐lactams (blaOXA‐1), aminoglycosides (aadA1 and aadA5), trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA17) and an ORF. To our knowledge this is the first report of an ORF identified as a putative phage tail protein associated with a class 1 integron. The aadA1 and dfrA17‐addA5 arrays prevailed in commensal E. coli and UPEC, respectively. UPEC isolates were highly resistant to the antimicrobials tested, in contrast to commensal isolates. The E. coli isolates carrying gene cassettes associated with class 1 integrons were found to be unrelated to any phylogroup or multiresistance. Conclusion. Co‐resistance to clinically relevant fluoroquinolone and trimethoprim‐sulfamethazole in all UPEC isolates is a cause for concern. These results expand the current knowledge of gene cassettes in both commensal and pathogenic E. coli.
A Simple Time Series Test of Endogenous vs. Exogenous Growth Models: An Application to the United States.

This paper presents evidence supporting endogenous growth models that emphasize public structural capital. The authors apply a simple test of endogenous vs. exogenous growth models. In exogenous growth economies temporary innovations to policy variables lead only to temporary changes in GNP levels, while in endogenous growth economies the innovations can lead to permanent changes in GNP levels. Of the seven U.S. policy variables they examine, only non-military equipment capital and non-military structural capital have a statistically and economically significant effect upon long-run GNP levels. Further estimation suggests that the non-military equipment capital result is not robust and that several disaggregate components of structural capital contribute significantly. Copyright 1996 by MIT Press.
Blood flow in distal end-to-side anastomoses with PTFE and a venous patch: results of an in vitro flow visualisation study.

OBJECTIVES non-physiological flow behaviour plays a significant role in the development of distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia. To investigate flow patterns in four anastomotic types of femoral end-to-side distal bypass graft anastomoses, a flow visualisation study was performed. METHODS transparent 1:1 casted replicas of distal vascular graft anastomoses created by conventional technique, Miller-cuff, Taylor- and Linton-patch were fabricated. A pulsatile mock circulation with a high-speed video system was constructed. Flow pattern was determined at mean Reynolds numbers 100-500. Migrations of the stagnation points on the bottom of the anastomoses at mean Reynolds numbers 100, 230, and 350 were measured. RESULTS a vortex forms during early systole and increases to maximum systole in all anastomoses. During the diastolic phase the vortex moves in the Miller-cuff distally to the toe of the anastomosis and remains standing, while in the other anastomotic types the vortex moves proximally to the heal of the junction and breaks down. The shift of the stagnation point in the Miller-cuff was considerably smaller than in the other anastomoses. CONCLUSION conventional, Linton and Taylor anastomoses show similar flow patterns. The Miller-cuff with its wider cavity shows lower shift of the bottom stagnation point, but a persistent washout of the anastomotic cavity, which may contribute to its reported good clinical performance.
Neuroanatomical distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor‐immunoreactive cells in the brain of the male roughskin newt

Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the neuroanatomical distribution of androgen and estrogen receptors in brains of adult male roughskin newts, Taricha granulosa, collected during the breeding season. Immunoreactive cells were found to be widely distributed in specific brain areas of this urodele amphibian. Androgen receptor‐immunoreactive (AR‐ir) cells were observed in the olfactory bulbs, habenula, pineal body, preoptic area, hypothalamus, interpeduncular nucleus, area acusticolateralis, cerebellum, and motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata. Estrogen receptor‐immunoreactive (ER‐ir) cells were found in the lateral septum, amygdala pars lateralis, pallium, preoptic area, hypothalamus, and dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum. This immunocytochemical study of the newt brain reveals AR‐ir and ER‐ir cells in several regions that have not been previously reported to contain androgen and estrogen receptors in non‐mammalian vertebrates. Additionally, the distribution of AR‐ir and ER‐ir cells in the newt brain, in general, is consistent with previous studies, suggesting that the distribution of sex steroid receptor‐containing neurons in some brain regions is relatively conserved among vertebrates. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What Drives the Property-Type Focus of REITS?

In presenting this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or publish this dissertation may be granted by the author or, in his/her absence, the professor under whose direction it was written or, in his absence, by the Dean of the Robinson College of Business. Such quoting, copying, or publishing must be solely for the scholarly purposes and does not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from or publication of this dissertation which involves potential gain will not be allowed without written permission of the author. SeungHan Ro ii NOTICE TO BORROWERS All dissertations deposited in the Georgia State University Library must be used only in accordance with the stipulations prescribed by the author in the preceding statement. ACCEPTANCE This dissertation was prepared under the direction of SeungHan Ro's Dissertation Committee. It has been approved and accepted by all members of that committee, and it has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Robinson
SigH, antioxidants, and the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Yet despite steady advances, we remain uncertain of the host‐pathogen interactions that determine whether granulomatous foci of lung infection heal or instead progress into active pulmonary tuberculosis. A decade ago, 3 teams of researchers reported that SigH is a major regulator of the response ofMycobacterium tuberculosis to oxidative stress [ 1 ‐ 3 ]. One team reported that their DsigH mutant induced less immunopathology in the lungs of mice than the parent M. tuberculosis strain [ 3 ]. The reduced lung pathology was not due to a difference in bacterial burden, which was comparable in both groups of mice. Instead, it seemed that the absence of sigH allowed the host to respond to lung infection in a manner that was inherently less destructive to lung tissue. In this issue of the Journal, Mehra et al use a nonhuman primate (macaque) model to explore further the role of SigH in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis [ 4 ]. Although small animal models commonly used to study tuberculosis have proven invaluable in understanding how granulomas develop, neither mice nor guinea pigs control lung infection in a manner similar to the 90% of M. tuberculosis–infected humans who never develop active pulmonary tuberculosis. Nonhuman primates are more like human hosts in this respect and, thus, the macaque model has the potential to identify host responses that protect against pulmonary tuberculosis. Macaques were infected with the DsigH mutant or the parent M. tuberculosis strain. Compared with recipients of the parent strain, recipients of the DsigH mutant exhibited less fever, had lower levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactiveprotein,andgained,ratherthan lost, weight. They also developed less lung disease, as assessed by chest radiography and histopathology; had a lower bacillary burden in the lungs; and survived, rather
Option Pricing in ARCH‐type Models

ARCH models have become popular for modeling financial time series. They seem, at first, however, to be incompatible with the option pricing approach of Black, Scholes, Merton et al., because they are discrete‐time models and possess too much variability. We show that completeness of the market holds for a broad class of ARCH‐type models defined in a suitable continuous‐time fashion. As an example we focus on the GARCH(1,1)‐M model and obtain, through our method, the same pricing formula as Duan, who applied equilibrium‐type arguments.
Creating Public Value: Tightening Connections Between Policy Design and Public Management

Policy design and public management should be tightly connected, so implemented public policies achieve intended outcomes. Yet policy designers often pursue their activities with limited awareness of how citizens and service managers experience current public programs. A focus on creating public value offers a way to tighten the connection between policy design and public management. Recent discussions of public value have emphasized three aspects of public management: delivering services, achieving social outcomes, and maintaining trust and legitimacy. Within those discussions, the efforts of policy designers have been underplayed. We explore the implications of the public value approach for policy design. Pursuit of public value calls for policy designers to listen closely to stakeholders, engage them in creative conversations, and draw on their situated expertise to guide policy development. We consider how explicit treatment of public value creation as a policy goal can improve the fit between original policy intentions and the delivery of public services. Our augmented model of public value creation offers both a new direction for empirical studies of the nexus between public policy and public management and a new perspective on what it means to be an effective policy designer.
Risk management in road construction: The case of Sri Lanka

Risk is an unavoidable phenomenon in construction projects. Proper risk allocation in construction contracts has therefore come to assume prominence because risk identification and risk allocation have a clear bearing on risk handling decisions. The proper management of risks requires that they be identified and allocated in a well-defined manner. This can only be achieved if contracting parties comprehend their risk responsibilities, risk event conditions, and risk handling capabilities. This research aims at identifying the risk responsibilities of contractual parties in order to improve their risk handling strategies with regard to Sri Lankan road projects. Semi-structured interviews were used for the primary data collection. This was complemented with documentary evidence. The results show that road construction projects in Sri Lanka are exposed to many risk sources while most risks are borne by parties who were assigned with risks via contract clauses. However, parties not allocated with risks too happened to bear the consequences of such risks. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no one best way to respond to a risk and that different risk handling strategies should be adopted in order to deal effectively with risks.
A 5‐HT2C receptor promoter polymorphism (HTR2C − 759C/T) is associated with obesity in women, and with resistance to weight loss in heterozygotes

The serotonin 5‐HT2C receptor (HTR2C) helps regulate appetite and body weight. An HTR2C promoter polymorphism (−759C/T) has been associated with obesity and with weight gain in response to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs. We studied this polymorphism in 120 obese women (BMI ≥ 30) and 104 non‐obese (BMI ≤ 25) women. The C allele was commoner in the obese group (OR = 1.72 [95% CI, 1.13–2.64], P = 0.008). Ninety‐five of the obese women participated in a randomized trial of psychological treatments for weight loss. Among these women, heterozygotes lost less weight during the trial than did homozygotes (6.8 vs. 9.7 kg; P = 0.047) and weighed more 6 months (90.1 vs. 83.6 kg; P = 0.006) and 12 months (91.8 vs. 84.6 kg; P = 0.009) later. Heterozygotes also had higher triglyceride levels than homozygotes. C/C subjects in the obesity trial did not differ from T/T subjects in terms of weight loss or triglycerides. In a separate RT‐PCR study of 43 subjects, we found that HTR2C mRNA abundance in frontal cortex was unaffected by −759C/T status. Our data extend the evidence that HTR2C promoter variation may be a risk factor for obesity and, perhaps through heterosis, influences weight loss by obese women. Pharmacogenetic testing of HTR2C promoter variants may be valuable when evaluating anti‐obesity drugs which act directly or indirectly on the receptor. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medicago LYK 3 , an Entry Receptor in Rhizobial Nodulation Factor Signaling 1 [ W ]

Rhizobia secrete nodulation (Nod) factors, which set in motion the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legume host plants. Nod factors induce several cellular responses in root hair cells within minutes, but also are essential for the formation of infection threads by which rhizobia enter the root. Based on studies using bacterial mutants, a two-receptor model was proposed, a signaling receptor that induces early responses with low requirements toward Nod factor structure and an entry receptor that controls infection with more stringent demands. Recently, putative Nod factor receptors were shown to be LysM domain receptor kinases. However, mutants in these receptors, in both Lotus japonicus (nfr1 and nfr5) and Medicago truncatula (Medicago; nfp), do not support the two-receptor model because they lack all Nod factor-induced responses. LYK3, the putative Medicago ortholog of NFR1, has only been studied by RNA interference, showing a role in infection thread formation. Medicago hair curling (hcl) mutants are unable to form curled root hairs, a step preceding infection thread formation. We identified the weak hcl-4 allele that is blocked during infection thread growth. We show that HCL encodes LYK3 and, thus, that this receptor, besides infection, also controls root hair curling. By using rhizobial mutants, we also show that HCL controls infection thread formation in a Nod factor structure-dependent manner. Therefore, LYK3 functions as the proposed entry receptor, specifically controlling infection. Finally, we show that LYK3, which regulates a subset of Nod factor-induced genes, is not required for the induction of NODULE INCEPTION.