Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An exploration of first-time partisan voters ’ attitudes to image and issue attack advertising : Evidence from the 2005 British General Election

This study examines the partisan attitudes of the three main parties (Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrats) towards actual image and issue attack advertising used during the 2005 British General Election. In line with previous research, voter’s party orientation was found to determine their attitudes to the ads. Of particular note is the similarity of the responses of the third party voters to the voters of the party under attack which, in turn, were significantly different from the ad sponsor’s partisans. Overall, the partisans found the image attack advertising unacceptable with both negative cognitive and affective attitudes reported.
Organizational learning, entrepreneurial orientation, and the role of university engagement in SMEs

This article analyses the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational learning (OL) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the role of business/university engagement on the relationship between these two constructs. A cross-sectional research design, drawing upon a postal questionnaire survey, was employed to collect data from a sample of 206 UK SMEs. The results obtained from both the regression and moderated regression analyses revealed that EO positively impacts the level of OL in SMEs. In addition, business/university engagement was found to be a significant moderator in this relationship. These findings provide important academic, practitioner, and policy implications.
The political economy of (de)regulation: theory and evidence from the US electricity industry

Abstract The choice of whether to regulate firms or to allow them to compete is key. If demand is sufficiently inelastic, competition entails narrower allocative inefficiencies, but also smaller expected profits, and thus weaker incentives to invest in cost reduction. Hence, deregulation should be found where cost reduction is less socially relevant and consumers are more politically powerful, and it should produce lower expected costs only when investment is not sufficiently effective. These predictions hold true under several alternative assumptions and are consistent with data on the deregulation initiatives implemented in 43 US state electricity markets between 1981 and 1999 and on the operating costs of the plants that served these markets. Crucially, these empirical results help rationalize the slowdown of the deregulation wave and are robust to considering the other determinants of deregulation emphasized by the extant literature, i.e. costly long-term wholesale contracts and excessive capacity accumulation.
The Decentralization of Collective Bargaining: A Literature Review and Comparative Analysis

The author reviews evidence that the bargaining structure is becoming more decentralized in Sweden, Australia, the former West Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in somewhat different degrees and ways from country to country. He then examines the various hypotheses that have been offered to explain this significant trend. Shifts in bargaining power, as well as the diversification of corporate and worker interests, have played a part in this change, he concludes, but work reorganization has been more influential still. He also explores how the roles of central unions and corporate industrial relations staffs are challenged by bargaining structure decentralization, and discusses the research gaps on this subject that need to be filled.
Extended Concepts of Occipital Retinotopy

Retinotopic mapping is a key property of organization of occipital cortex, predominantly on the medial surface but increasingly being identified in lateral and ventral regions. The retinotopic organization of early visual areas V1-3 is well established, although anatomical landmarks can help to resolve ambiguities in poorly-defined functional maps. New morphing techniques are now available to define the metric mappings quantitatively within each retinotopic area. In the dorsal occipital regions, there is fair agreement that area V3A should be split into separate V3A and V3B maps, and that beyond them lies a further area, V7. We specify the eccentricity mapping of both V3B and V7 for the first time, showing how the latter is roughly parallel to the meridional mapping and offering formal accounts of such paradoxical behavior. In ventral occipital cortex, we support the analysis of Zeki and Bartels (1) and Wade et al. (2) that V4 maps the full hemifield, and show the existence of two more areas, a ventromedial map of the lower quadrant, emphasizing the upper vertical meridian, and an adjacent area with a dominant foveal representation. In lateral cortex, the motion area defined by a motion localizer shows pronounced retinotopy, particularly in the eccentricity parameter. A dorsolateral map between the motion area and V3B, which represents the lower quadrant with an emphasis the foveal part of the lower vertical meridian, may be a counterpart to the ventromedial map.
Comparison between Polyetheretherketone ( PEEK ) Cages Versus an Iliac-Crest Autograft Used in Treatment of Single or Double Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) is challenging with respect to both patient selection and choice of surgical procedure. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of ACDF, with respect to both patient selection and choice of surgical procedure: Fusion with an autologous iliac crest graft (ICG) versus fusion with an artificial cage made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filled with hydroxyapatite (HA). Patients and Methods: From January 2007 to January 2011, 40 consecutive patients referred to the Department of Neurosurgery, Suez Canal university hospital were recruited for the study and randomized into two treatment groups. Clinical assessment of pre-operative clinical data and postoperative status using Nurick scale for myelopathy, Odom's criteria for functional outcome, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for both neck and arm pain. Radiological fusion was assessed by X-ray. Operative complications were reported. Results: Eighteen patients were operated for one level discectomy and fusion with either ICG or PEEK cages with HA and 22 patients for two levels. There were 24 (60%) males and 16 (40%) females. The age of the patients ranged from 30-72 years, a mean ± SD 45±8.34. At the 2 years clinical follow-up, there were significant post operative improvements of Nurick scale, and VAS comparative to preoperative record. According to Odom criteria, 18/20 patients (90%) were graded excellent-good in the cage group compared to 16/ 20 patients (85%) in the group with bone graft. The relation was note statistically significant between the two groups p<0.35. A significant difference was found in VAS for arm pain between the two groups at 24 months with less pain in the cage group (p<0.02). Fusion occurred in 17/20 patients (85%) and 29/34 (85.2%) segments of the PEEK group, while it was 18/20 (90%) of the ICG group and 25/28 (89.2%) segments. Conclusion: Iliac bone graft is still effective with favorable outcome as PEEK cage with HA in treatment of cervical disc. However, the former had higher fusion rate but the latter lack of donor site morbidity. Correspondence to: Dr. Ayman Elsayed Ali Galhom, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University
Distribution and ecology of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy)

From August 1981 to July 2007, 200 inland water bodies were sampled to gather information on the Recent ostracod fauna of Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). A total of 320 samples were collected from surface, interstitial and ground waters. Whenever possible, ostracod identification was performed at species level based on the morphology of both valves and limbs. Seventy-four taxa in 30 genera belonging to 9 different families (Darwinulidae, Candonidae, Ilyocyprididae, Notodromadidae, Cyprididae, Limnocytheridae, Cytheridae, Leptocytheridae and Xestoleberididae) were identified. The maximum number of taxa per site was seven. The most common species was Cypria ophthalmica (133 records), followed by Cyclocypris ovum (86 records), C. laevis (49 records), Cypridopsis vidua (40 records) and Notodromas persica (28 records). Of particular relevance is the occurrence of six species new to Italy: Microdarwinula zimmeri, Penthesilenula brasiliensis, Fabaeformiscandona wegelini, Pseudocandona semicognita, Candonopsis scourfieldi, and C. mediosetosa. Scanning electron microscopy images of valves are provided for most of the described taxa. Geographical distribution of ostracods and their occurrence in relation to environmental variables were examined. The results of this study indicate that Friuli Venezia Giulia hosts a very diverse ostracod fauna, representing a significant proportion of all ostracod taxa known thus far from Italy.
Blockchain Practices, Potentials, and Perspectives in Greening Supply Chains

Blockchain technology is an inchoate technology whose current popularity is peaking. Some of the most pervasive blockchain technology use cases exist for supply chains. Sustainable, and especially green, supply chains can benefit from blockchain technology, but there are also caveats. The sustainability and environmental management research and academic literature is only starting to investigate this emergent field. This paper seeks to help advance the discussion and motivate additional practice and research related to green supply chains and blockchain technology. This viewpoint paper provides insight into some of the main dimensions of blockchain technology, an overview of the use cases and issues, and some general research areas for further investigation.
Attendance Patterns and Survival of Western Meadowlark Nests

Biologists have linked nest attendance and nestling feeding rates to nest predation risk. Patterns of nest attendance also influence the success of methods designed to find nests for research use, such as rope drags. Very little has been published with regard to variation of attendance during the nesting period, but advances in video nest monitoring allow continuous data collection to provide this information. Our objectives were to (1) document attendance patterns at Western Meadowlark (Stumella neglecta) nests, (2) identify predator species of meadowlark nests, and (3) assess the effects of our camera system on nest survival. We used a solar-powered, digital video-recording system with infrared-capable cameras to monitor nests at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory in the Nebraska Sandhills during 2006. We assessed video from 10 meadowlark nests to record nest attendance data, and we monitored 37 additional meadowlark nests to estimate survival for nests without a camera iologists have linked nest attendance to nest predation risk (reviewed by Lima 2009). Duncan Rastogi et al. (2006) reported that songbirds with greater nest attendance tended to have lower rates of daytime predation. Recent observation system. Meadowlark females spent more time at the nest during incubation than during the nestling stage. The proportion of time absent did not vary among daytime temporal segments during either nest stage. Females were absent, as a proportion of time, 0.24 during the day and 0.04 during the night throughout incubation, and 0.66 and 0.13, respectively, during the nestling stage. We documented three types of predators, and we found no evidence of negative effects of nest cameras on estimates of daily nest survival. The attendance patterns we observed may contribute to temporal trends observed in daily nest survival of grassland birds. Nest cameras are a tool that can effectively contribute information to benefit efforts to improve productivity of grassland birds.
Donor Sibling Networks as a Vehicle for Expanding Kinship

This article replicates an earlier study of mothers who had used the same sperm donor to conceive their children and connected through the Internet. The original study finds that these groups interact mainly on the Internet; donor siblings are latent affiliations that could answer questions about the paternal side. This new study of 2,217 parents and 419 offspring offers a comparison of the manner in which these relationships develop, finding that the movement from latent to active ties occurs at a different moment than the earlier study. The data show that parents and offspring interpret relationships with genetic relatives in some ways that are similar. However, offspring are more likely than parents to view donor siblings as members of their extended family. Replication of the original study with a more diverse sample allows us to determine if the basic findings can be generalized to other participants who share the same circumstances.
Ambipolar charge transport in organic field-effect transistors

A model describing charge transport in disordered ambipolar organic field-effect transistors is presented. The basis of this model is the variable-range hopping in an exponential density of states developed for disordered unipolar organic transistors. We show that the model can be used to calculate all regimes in unipolar as well as ambipolar organic transistors, by applying it to experimental data obtained from ambipolar organic transistors based on a narrow-gap organic molecule. The threshold voltage was determined independently from metal insulator semiconductor diode measurements. An excellent agreement between theory and experiment is observed over a wide range of biasing regimes and temperatures.
Getting Involved in Plan Making: Participation and Stakeholder Involvement in Local and Regional Spatial Strategies in England

In 2004 the English planning system was subject to extensive reforms which introduced a ‘spatial planning’ approach that goes beyond traditional land-use planning in integrating policies for the development and use of land with other policies and programmes which influence the nature of places. At the regional level, regional planning guidance was replaced by regional spatial strategies (RSSs) and, at the local level, existing local land-use planning documents were replaced with a portfolio of documents that make up the new local development framework (LDF). Together, the LDF and RSS make up the statutory development plan for an area. At the heart of the new spatial planning reforms is a heightened emphasis on stakeholder and community involvement. This paper brings together research at two different spatial scales. The ‘Spatial Plans in Practice’ study examined stakeholder involvement in LDF preparation across England. Parallel research examined the experience of stakeholders in the formation of the North West RSS. Drawing on this empirical base, we examine experiences of stakeholder involvement in the reformed spatial planning system and discuss the implications for the future.
Development of West Greenlandic Markets for Country Foods Since the 18th Century

Local markets for country foods have a history in West Greenland dating back to the early 18th century. After Danish colonization in 1721, Greenlanders gradually began selling these foods (West Greenlandic: kalaalimerngit ), which included seal, whale, caribou, fish, and birds - first to the Danes and later to other Greenlandic Inuit. This trade was a significant transformation of pre-contact Inuit exchange practices. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the trade was largely between Greenlandic hunters and Danes employed by the colonial trade or by the church. Later in the 19th century, these institutions employed increasing numbers of indigenous Greenlanders. Economic specialization gradually became more pronounced within Greenlandic society, and cash became more prominent in local economies. Greenlandic hunters increasingly sold country foods to other Greenlanders earning wages. These practices continue today, with hunters regularly selling country foods in many towns at the local kalaalimineerniarfik (literally, "place where Greenlandic foods are sold"), to institutions such as schools or senior citizens' homes and in large stores. Today, Greenland's Home Rule government is promoting local country food markets as one strategy for sustainable development. The goals are to promote the use of nutritious and culturally valued foods on a sustainable basis and to provide economic opportunities for local hunters, particularly in outlying settlements. The history of Greenland's system for marketing country foods highlights some issues that may influence the contribution of country foods to sustainable community development in the Arctic. Key words: West Greenland, Inuit, country foods, sustainable development, mixed economy, subsistence, commoditization, kalaalimerngit
Koopmans-Compliant Spectral Functionals for Extended Systems

Koopmans-compliant functionals have been shown to provide accurate spectral properties for molecular systems; this accuracy is driven by the generalized linearization condition imposed on each charged excitation - i.e. on changing the occupation of any orbital in the system, while accounting for screening and relaxation from all other electrons. In this work we discuss the theoretical formulation and the practical implementation of this formalism to the case of extended systems, where a third condition, the localization of Koopmans' orbitals, proves crucial to reach seamlessly the thermodynamic limit. We illustrate the formalism by first studying one-dimensional molecular systems of increasing length. Then, we consider the band gaps of 30 paradigmatic solid-state test cases, for which accurate experimental and computational results are available. The results are found to be comparable with the state-of-the-art in diagrammatic techniques (self-consistent many-body perturbation theory with vertex corrections), notably using just a functional formulation for spectral properties and the physics of the generalized-gradient approximation; when ionization potentials are compared, the results are roughly twice as accurate.
Elite Conflict , Demographic Collapse , and the Transition to Direct Rule : Evidence from Colonial Mexico ∗

When do central governments centralize control over their regions? We develop a theory of the transition from indirect to direct rule, focusing on the contentious relationship between a ruler and local potentates, who provide civil order at the expense of a share of local revenue. A rapid fall in the local population reduces the threat of rebellion, as well as the willingness and ability of potentates to resist the ruler’s efforts to centralize power. A demographic collapse thus enables the ruler to replace the potentates with direct agents of the state and invest in a fiscal bureaucracy, with important implications for the development of state capacity. We evaluate the theory using subnational panel data from 16thand 17th-century Mexico around the time of one of the most dramatic demographic collapses in history. To identify the effect of the collapse on the centralization of fiscal authority, we employ a difference-in-differences empirical strategy and an instrumental-variables approach based on the climatic conditions associated with a series of epidemics that decimated the population during this period. Our results show that the centralization of power occurred faster in areas that experienced a more dramatic loss in population. This is an incomplete draft, and comments would be appreciated. Please do not cite or circulate without permission. Assistant Professor, School of Global Policy and Strategy, UC San Diego. e: fgarfias@ucsd.edu Assistant Professor, Bush School of Government & Public Service, Texas A&M University. e: sellars@tamu.edu
The Influence of Changing Hours of Work on Women's Life Satisfaction

This paper asks whether moving to part-time work makes women happy. Previous research on labour supply has assumed that as workers freely choose their optimal working hours on the basis of their innate preferences and the hourly wage rate, outcome reflects preference. This paper tests this assumption by measuring the impact of changes in working hours on life satisfaction in two countries (the UK and Germany using the German Socio-Economic Panel and the British Household Panel Survey). We find decreases in working hours bring about positive and significant improvement on well-being for women.
Ameliorative role of melatonin against cypermethrin induced hepatotoxicity and impaired antioxidant defense system in Wistar rats

Recently, melatonin has attracted attention because of their strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. The present study was designed to investigate the role of melatonin against cypermethrin induced hepatotoxicity in rats using qualitative, quantitative and biochemical approaches. Adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; each group consists of six animals. Control group received vehicle, corn oil; Cypermethrin (CM) (250mg/kg bw); Melatonin (MEL) (10 mg/kg bw); CM+MEL treated group. Animals were treated orally, daily for a period of 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation and liver was used for various biochemical and histopathological examinations. The result of this study shows that in vivo administration of cypermethrin caused a significant induction of oxidative damage in liver tissue as evidenced by depletion of proteins, glutathione (GSH) and increased lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue. Cypermethrin administration significantly enhanced the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S- transferase (GST). Cypermethrin intoxication exhibited elevation in the activities of liver marker enzymes such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, the co-administration of melatonin mitigates the hepatotoxicity of cypermethrin by normalizing the biochemical and enzymatic parameters. The biochemical observations were supported by histopathological examination of liver. The findings of this investigation suggest that the melatonin may play a protective role against cypermethrin induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in female albino rats.
Hydroxychloroquine: Looking into the Future

Abstract Hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial agent has also been found to possess antidiabetic action. Onset of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease is now considered to be the outcome of systemic inflammation. Many clinical trials are targeting systemic inflammation to reduce cardiovascular risk. Anti-inflammatory drugs with cardiovascular effects may be valuable therapeutic intervention to reduce massive cardiovascular risk in T2DM. In this review, antidiabetic action and potential cardioprotective role of hydroxychloroquine has been discussed. By virtue of its antidiabetic, lipid lowering, anti-platelet, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties, hydroxychloroquine can be a key therapeutic alternative to manage patients with T2DM.