Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of diblock and statistical copolymers based on hydrolyzable siloxy silylester methacrylate monomers

Statistical and diblock copolymers of bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilyl methacrylate (MATM2), a hydrolyzable monomer containing a silylester and a siloxane group, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized by the RAFT process. The controlled character of the MATM2 RAFT polymerization using 2-cyanoprop-2-yl-dithiobenzoate (CPDB) or S-(2-cyanoprop-2-yl)-S-dodecyltrithiocarbonate as chain transfer agents was assessed by linear pseudo-first-order kinetics, linear molar mass growth with monomer conversion and low molar-mass dispersity. The hydrolysis kinetics of pMATM2 homopolymers was investigated by in situ1H-NMR and compared to several methacrylic homopolymers bearing hydrolyzable tri-alkylsilylester side groups. pMATM2-block-pMMA diblock copolymers were synthesized by in situ chain extension with methyl methacrylate, using pMATM2-CPDB as a macro-CTA. p(MATM2-stat-MMA) statistical copolymers were synthesized by simultaneous polymerization of MATM2 and MMA by the RAFT process. The monomer reactivity ratios for MATM2 (r1 = 1.29) and MMA (r2 = 0.62) were obtained from the Mayo Lewis equation using the least-squares method. All the copolymers synthesized by the RAFT process had molar masses close to the targeted values and low dispersities (ĐM < 1.15). DSC analysis and contact angle measurements revealed the influence of the copolymer microstructure (statistical or diblock) on their glass transition temperature and surface energy.
THE TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA 2011dh FROM A SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR

A set of hydrodynamical models based on stellar evolutionary progenitors is used to study the nature of SN 2011dh. Our modeling suggests that a large progenitor star—with R ∼ 200 R☉—is needed to reproduce the early light curve (LC) of SN 2011dh. This is consistent with the suggestion that the yellow super-giant star detected at the location of the supernova (SN) in deep pre-explosion images is the progenitor star. From the main peak of the bolometric LC and expansion velocities, we constrain the mass of the ejecta to be ≈2 M☉, the explosion energy to be E = (6–10) × 1050 erg, and the 56Ni mass to be approximately 0.06 M☉. The progenitor star was composed of a helium core of 3–4 M☉ and a thin hydrogen-rich envelope of ≈0.1M☉ with a main-sequence mass estimated to be in the range of 12–15 M☉. Our models rule out progenitors with helium-core masses larger than 8 M☉, which correspond to MZAMS ≳ 25M☉. This suggests that a single star evolutionary scenario for SN 2011dh is unlikely.
Advances in Understanding the Detectability of Trustworthiness From the Face: Toward a Taxonomy of a Multifaceted Construct

Researchers have recently shown increasing interest in assessments of trustworthiness, devoting much attention to whether trustworthiness can be detected from a person’s facial appearance. This question has been investigated along diverse behavioral dimensions, using a wide variety of targets, and with great inconsistency in results. Here, we call for greater precision in defining trustworthiness. We review various subdomains of trustworthiness perception and argue that developing a more highly specified taxonomy of trustworthiness will allow for better predictions about when trustworthiness can be judged on the basis of appearance, for more precision in estimating how accurate people are in making such judgments, and for more accurate information regarding the specific cues relevant to inferring trustworthiness in each domain.
The Reliability of Macroeconomic Forecasts Based on Real Interest Rate Gap Estimates in Real Time: An Assessment for the Euro Area

The real interest rate gap or IRG -the gap between the short term real interest rate and its "natural" level-, is a theoretical concept that has attracted much attention in central banks in recent years. This paper aims at clarifying its practical relevance for monetary policy in real time. For this purpose, it provides an empirical assessment of the usefulness of various univariate and multivariate estimates of the real IRG for predicting inflation, real activity and real credit growth in the euro area. The results suggest that the reliability of such indicators for real time policy guidance remains limited.
A study of lipid profile in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease

Background: The present study focused on finding an approximate prevalence of dyslipidemia in the target reference population and the association with staging and management strategy used. An effort was also made to know the alteration in different lipoprotein fractions in chronic kidney disease. The objective of the study was to study the lipid profile in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: The study was conducted in Ispat general hospital, Rourkela and data was collected from January 2014 to September 2015. Patients who were diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease admitted into the medical ward and dialysis unit of Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, who had willingly given their informed written consent for this study were the source of data. For diagnosis of CKD, history and clinical features with supportive biochemical and radiological evidence were taken as criteria. Patients with already known diabetes mellitus were excluded. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in CKD was found to be about 65. %. And the prevalence was increasing with the increase in severity of the disease. There was a significant rise in the serum triglyceride concentration in the study population. This abnormality was followed by a fall in HDL cholesterol and rise in the total Serum cholesterol in patients suffering from CKD. On comparing patients with CKD on hemodialysis with that on conservative management there is a significant prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Hemodialysis group. There is a significantly higher level of triglycerides and Serum cholesterol and a significantly lower level of HDL cholesterol in the hemodialysis group. Conclusions: The high prevalence of lipid abnormalities in CKD may accelerate the progression of CVD and increase the mortality of patients. Hence it is worthwhile to test and detect patients at high risk early on and manage accordingly.
Loss Coverage as a Public Policy Objective for Risk Classification Schemes

This article suggests that from a public policy perspective, some degree of adverse selection may be desirable in some insurance markets. The article suggests that a public policymaker should consider the criterion of “loss coverage,” and that in some markets a policymaker may wish to regulate risk classification with a view to increasing loss coverage. Either too much or too little risk classification may reduce loss coverage. The concept is explored by means of examples and formulaic and graphical interpretations. An application to the UK life insurance market is considered.
Chemical activations of Systemic Acquired Resistance in pea to rust (Uromyces pisi).

We present here recent studies on activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against rust by exogenous applications of benzothiadiazole (BTH) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) in pea. Both chemicals systemically impaired fungal development at different stages of fungal infection, both prior and after mesophyll cell penetration. Penetration and post-penetration rust resistance was associated to the enhancement of PR-proteins such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and peroxidase. However differential induction of PR proteins was observed following BTH or BABA treatments. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to compare the leaf proteome of two BTH and BABA treated pea genotypes in response to rust infection. Most of the differentially expressed proteins identified corresponded to enzymes belonging to photosynthesis, metabolism, biosynthesis, binding and defence response suggesting that plants could reduce their photosynthesis and other energy metabolism and enhance the production of defence-related proteins to cope with the stress. We postulate that resistance induced by BABA could act via phenolic biosynthesis pathway, whereas resistance provided by BTH inducer seems to be mediated by defence and stress-related proteins.
Effects of Microbial Growth Conditions on Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles using Indigenous Fe(III)-Reducing Bacteria

Recent researches have shown that microbe–metal interactions play an important role in metal cycling and biomineralization in subsurface environments. The objective of this research was to study the effects of microbial growth conditions for size control on the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using Fe(III)-reducing bacteria enriched from intertidal flat sediments in Korea. The microbial formation of the magnetite nanoparticles was examined under various incubation temperatures (8–35 °C), concentrations (20–60 mM) of magnetite precursor, medium pHs (6.5–8.5), and incubation times (0–3 weeks). The Fe(III)-reducing bacteria formed 2~10 nm-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) by reduction of 40 mM akaganeite, especially under the conditions at 25 °C and medium pH = 8.5 within a 1-week incubation time. The magnetite nanoparticles formed by microbial processes exhibited superparamagnetic behavior.
Managerial Discretion and Corporate Governance in Publicly Traded Firms: Evidence from the Property-Liability Insurance Industry

We study the incremental impact of corporate governance in mitigating managerial discretion, controlling for incentive alignment of managerial ownership. We extend the managerial discretion hypothesis to predict that for firms with the same set of governance tools, those that utilize governance tools more stringently to control agency costs will command greater contracting cost advantages, leading them to specialize in business with greater managerial discretion. Using 72 publicly traded insurers from 1994 to 2006, we find evidence supporting our hypothesis. Our findings complement the finance literature that focuses on the role of financing policies in mitigating agency costs of managerial discretion.
RUNNING HEAD: Bone marrow donor registration, gender and risk Exploring the role of gender and risk perceptions in people’s decisions to register as a bone marrow donor

Increasing the number of bone marrow (BM) donors is important to ensure sufficient diversity on BM registries to meet the needs of patients. This study used an experimental approach to test the hypothesis that providing information about the risks of BM donation to allay unsubstantiated fears would reduce male and female participants’ perceptions of risk for donation and joining the Australian BM Donor Registry (ABMDR). Males’ and females’ intentions to register on the ABMDR, their attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioural control (efficacy) in relation to registering were explored also. Participants were allocated randomly to either a risk (exposed to risk information about BM donation) or no risk (not exposed to risk information) condition. In partial support of hypotheses, exposure to risk information did reduce perceived risk for registering on the ABMDR for males only. Participants in the risk condition also demonstrated lower scores on attitude (males only) and intention compared to participants in the no risk condition. These findings highlight the complex role of risk perceptions and gender differences in understanding people’s decisions to join a BM registry. Abstract Word 178
The responses of eight coral reef calcifiers to increasing partial pressure of CO2 do not exhibit a tipping point

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a tipping point exists in the calcification responses of coral reef calcifiers to CO2. We compared the effects of six partial pressures of CO2 (PCO2) from 28 Pa to 210 Pa on the net calcification of four corals (Acropora pulchra, Porites rus, Pocillopora damicornis, and Pavona cactus), and four calcified algae (Hydrolithon onkodes, Lithophyllum flavescens, Halimeda macroloba, and Halimeda minima). After 2 weeks of acclimation in a common environment, organisms were incubated in 12 aquaria for 2 weeks at the targeted PCO2 levels and net calcification was quantified. All eight species calcified at the highest PCO2 in which the calcium carbonate aragonite saturation state was ∼1. Calcification decreased linearly as a function of increasing partial PCO2 in three corals and three algae. Overall, the decrease in net calcification as a function of decreasing pH was ∼10% when ambient PCO2 (39 Pa) was doubled. The calcification responses of P. damicornis and H. macroloba were unaffected by increasing PCO2. These results are inconsistent with the notion that coral reefs will be affected by rising PCO2 in a response characterized by a tipping point. Instead, our findings combined among taxa suggest a gradual decline in calcification will occur, but this general response includes specific cases of complete resistance to rising PCO2. Together our results suggest that the overall response of coral reef communities to ocean acidification will be monotonic and inversely proportional to PCO2, with reef‐wide responses dependent on the species composition of calcifying taxa.
Potential and Actual impacts of deforestation and afforestation on land surface temperature

Forests are undergoing significant changes throughout the globe. These changes can modify water, energy, and carbon balance of the land surface, which can ultimately affect climate. We utilize satellite data to quantify the potential and actual impacts of forest change on land surface temperature (LST) from 2003 to 2013. The potential effect of forest change on temperature is calculated by the LST difference between forest and nearby nonforest land, whereas the actual impact on temperature is quantified by the LST trend difference between deforested (afforested) and nearby unchanged forest (nonforest land) over several years. The good agreement found between potential and actual impacts both at annual and seasonal levels indicates that forest change can have detectable impacts on surface temperature trends. That impact, however, is different for maximum and minimum temperatures. Overall, deforestation caused a significant warming up to 0.28 K/decade on average temperature trends in tropical regions, a cooling up to −0.55 K/decade in boreal regions, a weak impact in the northern temperate regions, and strong warming (up to 0.32 K/decade) in the southern temperate regions. Afforestation induced an opposite impact on temperature trends. The magnitude of the estimated temperature impacts depends on both the threshold and the data set (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat) by which forest cover change is defined. Such a latitudinal pattern in temperature impact is mainly caused by the competing effects of albedo and evapotranspiration on temperature. The methodology developed here can be used to evaluate the temperature change induced by forest cover change around the globe.
Oral a-Tocopherol Supplements Decrease Plasma 7-Tocopherol Levels in Humans 1

In a cross-sectional survey of 86 elderly persons, it was observed that subjects with elevated plasma a-tocopherol levels had depressed plasma y-tocopherol. Tocopherols were measured by both reverse-phase and normal-phase high per formance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When eight human volunteers (age range 30-60) were given 1200 IU of all-rac-o-tocopherol daily for 8 wk, plasma -y-tocopherol and 0-tocopherol decreased in all subjects. After supplementation, 7-tocopherol values were typically 30-50% of initial values, and a-tocopherol values were typically 200-400% of initial values. These results suggest that intestinal uptake and/or plasma transport make more efficient use of a-tocopherol than of 7or /Ã®-tocopherol. More over, the results indicate that the ratio of 7to a-tocopherol in plasma would be a more satisfactory index to measure compliance in trials involving supplementation with a-tocopherol. J. Nutr. 115: 807-813, 1985. INDEXING
A Simulation Study of NBTI Impact on 14-nm Node FinFET Technology for Logic Applications: Device Degradation to Circuit-Level Interaction

A comprehensive simulation flow is demonstrated to assess the negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) impact on the performance and power of digital logic circuits based on the 14-nm node FinFET technology. Fully calibrated technology computer-aided design simulations are used to determine the preaged and postaged device characteristics; the results are used for calibrating the BSIM-CMG compact model. Standard cell libraries are characterized next, by only threshold voltage shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and by both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and subthreshold slope shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>SS). Various benchmark circuits are synthesized and analyzed, and their timing degradation is compared to ring oscillator results. The consequence of ignoring <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>SS on OFF current and static power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}_{\text {static}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is estimated.
The Surface Expression of Semidiurnal Internal Tides near a Strong Source at Hawaii. Part II: Interactions with Mesoscale Currents*

Abstract Observations of semidiurnal surface currents in the Kauai Channel, Hawaii, are interpreted in the light of the interaction of internal tides with energetic surface-intensified mesoscale currents. The impacts on internal tide propagation of a cyclone of 55-km diameter and ∼100-m vertical decay scale, as well as of vorticity waves of ∼100-km wavelength and 100–200-m vertical decay scales, are investigated using 3D ray tracing. The Doppler-shifted intrinsic frequency is assumed to satisfy the classic hydrostatic internal wave dispersion relation, using the local buoyancy frequency associated with the background currents through thermal-wind or gradient-wind balance. The M2 internal tide rays with initial horizontal wavelength of 50 km and vertical wavelength of O(1000 m) are propagated from possible generation locations at critical topographic slopes through idealized mesoscale currents approximating the observed currents. Despite the lack of scale separation between the internal waves and backgroun.
Distribution of Pharmaceuticals in Clinical Wastewater from Medical Institutions and Development of Advanced Water Treatment Systems

Takashi Azuma, Kana Otomo, Mari Kunitou, Mai Shimizu, Kaori Hosomaru, Shiori Mikata, Mao Ishida, Kanae Hisamatsu, Ayami Yunoki, Natsumi Arima, Ai Tsukada, Satoru Hirami, Rie Matsuoka, Ryogo Moriwake, Hirotaka Ishiuchi, Tomomi Inoyama, Yusuke Teranishi, Misato Yamaoka, Yoshiki Mino, Takashi Temma, Yohko Fujimoto, Tetsuya Hayashi Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences Japan
Child witness research and forensic interviews of young children: A review

In this article, we provide an introduction to child eyewitness memory issues that are frequently discussed and debated, both within the research and practice communities. We review several of the central areas of research on child eyewitness memory and some of the most promising protocols aimed at standardizing and improving child forensic interviews. We focus primarily on memory in young children, because they pose particular challenges. Research on the use of props and external cues to prompt young children’s memory is discussed. We also review research on professionals’ knowledge and attitudes about children as witnesses. It is concluded that we must guard against overly negative or overly optimistic views of children’s abilities.
Camera-Aware Multi-Resolution Analysis (CAMRA) for Raw Sensor Data Compression

We propose a novel lossless and lossy compression scheme for color filter array~(CFA) sampled images based on the wavelet transform of them. Our analysis suggests that the wavelet coefficients of HL and LH subbands are highly correlated. Hence, we decorrelate Mallat wavelet packet decomposition to further sparsify the coefficients. In addition, we develop a camera processing pipeline for compressing CFA sampled images aimed at maximizing the quality of the color images constructed from the compressed CFA sampled images. We validated our theoretical analysis and the performance of the proposed compression scheme using images of natural scenes captured in a raw format. The experimental results verify that our proposed method improves coding efficiency relative to the standard and the state-of-the-art compression schemes CFA sampled images.
Is Data Placement Optimization Still Relevant on Newer GPUs?

Modern supercomputers often use Graphic Processing Units (or GPUs) to meet the evergrowing demands for energy efficient high performance computing. GPUs have a complex memory architecture with various types of memories and caches, in particular global memory, shared memory, constant memory, and texture memory. Data placement optimization, i.e. optimizing the placement of data among these different memories, has a significant impact on Hie performance of HPC applications running on early generations of GPUs. However, newer generations of GPUs implement the same high-level memory hierarchy differently and have new memory features. In this paper, we design a set of experiments to explore the relevance of data placement optimizations on several generations of NVIDIA GPUs, including Kepler, Maxwell, Pascal, and Volta. Our experiments include a set of memory microbenchmarks, CUDA kernels and a proxy application. The experiments are configured to include different CUDA thread blocks, data input sizes, and data placement choices. The results show that newer generations of GPUs are less sensitive to data placement optimization compared to older ones, mostly due to improvements to global memory caches
Occurrence of Multi Drug Resistant, ESBL and Carbapenemase Enzymes Producing Gram Negative Urinary Pathogens in Aizawl, Mizoram, India

Infections with resistant bacterial isolates are emerging as an important challenge in health care facilities. Antimicrobial resistance is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, hospital stay and costs. In addition, a delay in institution of effective therapy, inferior definitive therapy and greater virulence of some resistant strains are responsible for antimicrobial resistance, (CDC, 2009; CLSI, 2009). Gram-negative bacteria pose a therapeutic problem not only in the hospital settings, but also in the community as they have acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. The various mechanisms of drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria include International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 8 (2016) pp. 233-247 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A flexible cross-talk simulator for multiple spatial-mode free-space optical communication

Laser communication with both high photon information efficiency (many bits/detected-photon) and high spectral efficiency (many bits/sec-Hz) is impossible with a single spatial-mode free-space link. Achieving these high efficiencies in the same system requires operation with 10’s to 1000’s of high-transmissivity spatial modes. Such systems will likely be restricted to 1 to 10 km line-of-sight terrestrial paths on which turbulence-induced cross talk will be encountered. In this paper we propose a cross-talk simulator for multiple spatial-mode free-space optical communication that could provide valuable information about the relevant merits of different mode sets when they are employed in conjunction with real modal multiplexers and demultiplexers.