Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is it a car or a truck?: : managerial beliefs, the choice of product architecture, and the emergence of the minivan market segment

New markets segments are a common setting for studies in technology strategy. These studies generally assume that new segments already exist, or have formed following the introduction of a product innovation by an entering firm. Thus, theory on the role of established firms in the emergence of new market segments is underdeveloped. This study informs current research by explaining the product innovation decisions of established firms during the emergence of a new market segment. The results of a case study on the development and commercialization of the minivan at Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors between 1970 and 1985 indicate that existing theories based on managerial cognition, firm capabilities, economic incentives, and organizational structure are insufficient to explain the decisions. This article develops theory based on the interrelationship of these four mechanisms.
Health-related quality of life in parents of pediatric brain tumor survivors at the end of tumor-directed therapy

ABSTRACT Objective: This study examines theoretical covariates of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in parents of pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) following completion of tumor-directed therapy. Methods: Fifty PBTS (ages 6–16) completed measures of neurocognitive functioning and their parents completed measures of family, survivor, and parent functioning. Results: Caregiving demand, caregiver competence, and coping/supportive factors were associated with parental physical and psychosocial HRQL, when controlling for significant background and child characteristics. Conclusion: Study findings can inform interventions to strengthen caregiver competence and family functioning following the completion of treatment, which may improve both parent and survivor outcomes.
Immunohistochemical and Microarray Analyses of a Mouse Model for the Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is a mental retardation/malformation syndrome with behavioral components of autism. It is caused by a deficiency in 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ7-reductase (DHCR7), the enzyme required for the terminal enzymatic step of cholesterol biosynthesis. The availability of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome mouse models has made it possible to investigate the genesis of the malformations associated with this syndrome. Dhcr7 gene modification (Dhcr7–/–) results in neonatal lethality and multiple organ system malformations. Pathology includes cleft palate, pulmonary hypoplasia, cyanosis, impaired cortical response to glutamate, and hypermorphic development of hindbrain serotonergic neurons. For the current study, hindbrain regions microdissected from gestational day 14 Dhcr7–/–, Dhcr7+/– and Dhcr7+/+ fetuses were processed for expression profiling analyses using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays and filtered using statistical significance (S-score) of change in gene expression. Of the 12,000 genes analyzed, 91 were upregulated and 98 were downregulated in the Dhcr7–/– hindbrains when compared to wild-type animals. Fewer affected genes, representing a reduced affect on these pathways, were identified in heterozygous animals. Hierarchical clustering identified altered expression of genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis, cell cycle control and apoptosis, neurodifferentiation and embryogenesis, transcription and translation, cellular transport, neurodegeneration, and neuronal cytoskeleton. Of particular interest, Dhcr7 gene modification elicited dynamic changes in genes involved in axonal guidance. In support of the microarray findings, immunohistochemical analyses of the netrin/deleted in colorectal cancer axon guidance pathway illustrated midline commissural deficiencies and hippocampal pathfinding errors in Dhcr7–/– mice. The results of these studies aid in providing insight into the genesis of human cholesterol-related birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight specific areas for future investigation.
The Place of Sociology in a Drug Education Curriculum

This article gives consideration to the part a sociological perspective can play in a drug education curriculum. Sociology's study of human behavior from the context of various social groupings is considered appropriate to any understanding of drugs and drug use, as are a number of substantive areas common to the discipline. The sociological perspective is examined from the broad foci of structure and process, and with each focus examples of a sociological approach to drug use is offered. The common concerns of these approaches, as well as their points of divergence, are discussed. A sample outline of a course in “Drugs and Society” is also presented, suggesting the ways in which the sociological issues discussed could provide an orientation to the study of drug use in a social context.
The Secondhand Effects of College Drinking: The Need for Media Relations

Heavy episodic drinking can lead to significant harmful effects for the drinker and others. Rates of heavy alcohol use on college campuses have remained high, despite increased educational interventions. This study examines the coverage of the negative consequences of drinking among college students. This content analysis looks at coverage from1996-2006 in 32 major US newspapers. Of the total 255 articles, 209 covered at least one negative consequence of college drinking. Consequences were framed as individual in nature and did not acknowledge the impact on other individuals and institutions. Those related to damage to self were covered most often in newspapers from this time period, appearing in nearly every article that mentioned a negative consequence. Damage to others and damages to institutions were mentioned very infrequently. In addition, in 2006, damages to self outnumbered damages to others 4:1 and damages to institutions 10:1. While a range of negative consequences of heavy episodic drinking are covered, the most common harm covered is death, which is severe but highly unlikely. Coverage of more commonly occurring negative consequences were far less frequent. Coverage varied by region and was not consistent with where the greatest college drinking problems are found. The focus on individual harms and particularly those that are uncommon could lead readers to inaccurately perceive the issue as episodic and unrelated to environmental determinants. The study concludes that public relations and public health professionals can use media advocacy to work with the media to illuminate the secondhand impact of episodic drinking beyond those affecting the drinker.
You are fair, but I expect you to also behave unfairly: Positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations for moderate morality information

Trait inference in person perception is based on observers’ implicit assumptions about the relations between trait adjectives (e.g., fair) and the either consistent or inconsistent behaviors (e.g., having double standards) that an actor can manifest. This article presents new empirical data and theoretical interpretations on people’ behavioral expectations, that is, people’s perceived trait-behavior relations along the morality (versus competence) dimension. We specifically address the issue of the moderate levels of both traits and behaviors almost neglected by prior research by using a measure of the perceived general frequency of behaviors. A preliminary study identifies a set of competence- and morality-related traits and a subset of traits balanced for valence. Studies 1–2 show that moral target persons are associated with greater behavioral flexibility than immoral ones where abstract categories of behaviors are concerned. For example, participants judge it more likely that a fair person would behave unfairly than an unfair person would behave fairly. Study 3 replicates the results of the first 2 studies using concrete categories of behaviors (e.g., telling the truth/omitting some information). Study 4 shows that the positive asymmetry in morality-related trait-behavior relations holds for both North-American and European (i.e., Italian) individuals. A small-scale meta-analysis confirms the existence of a positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations along both morality and competence dimensions for moderate levels of both traits and behaviors. We discuss these findings in relation to prior models and results on trait-behavior relations and we advance a motivational explanation based on self-protection.
Alternative Mechanisms for Funding Nongame Wildlife Conservation

in Charles H. Levine, ed., Managing Fiscal Stress (Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House Publishers, 1980), 327-342. 20. Ibid., p. 338. Since Behn's article was written-it first appeared in Policy Analysis in 1977-there has been, however, one "big bang" event: the demise of the Community Services Administration (CSA). After attempting in the early 1970s to abolish the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) by the "big bang" approach (requesting no appropriations for it in the second year of its authorization), and after finding its path blocked by Congress and the courts, the Nixon administration chose the decremental route: Using his executive authority, Nixon scattered OEO's responsibilities and its organizational units throughout the federal government. OEO's successor, the Community Services Administration, picked up what budget pieces were left and was then subjected to a decremental budget attack over the next several years. The agency had a mild comeback in FY 1977, only to see its budget slip away from it once again in the Carter years. By that time, after nearly a decade of the "long whimper," President Reagan administered the "big bang" (though some might call it the coup de grace). No new obligational authority was requested for it in FY 1982 and the last of its outlays were due to be expended in FY 1983. 21. See, for example, W. Henry Lambright and Harvey M. Sapolsky, "Terminating Federal Research and Development Programs," Policy Sciences 7 (June 1976), 199-213. Of particular relevance for today's decision makers is Lambright and Sapolsky's examination of the successful attempt during the 1970s to abolish NASA's Sustaining University Program (SUP), a program designed to aid students who were training in doctoral fields relevant to aerospace. A series of decremental budgets, ranging from $46 million to $9 million over four years, finally resulted in the program's abolishment in FY 1970. As the authors noted, "Rather than confronting the students and universities with a stark decision that would have affected their interests immediately, the decremental approach gave them time to adjust, to seek new support, or to learn to live with less" (p. 203).
Informed choice in direct-to-consumer genetic testing for Alzheimer and other diseases: lessons from two cases

Health-related direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing has been a controversial practice. Especially problematic is predictive testing for Alzheimer disease (AD), since the disease is incurable, prevention is inconclusive, and testing does not definitively predict an individual's future disease status. In this paper, I examine two contrasting cases of subjects who learn through genetic testing that they have an elevated risk of developing AD later in life. In these cases, the subject's emotional response to the result is related to how well prepared she was for the real-life personal implications of possible test results. Analysis leads to the conclusion that when groups of health-related genetic tests are offered as packages by DTC companies, informed consumer choice is rendered impossible. Moreover, I argue, this marketing approach contravenes US Federal Trade Commission policies for non-deceptive commercial communications. I conclude by suggesting ways to improve the prospects for informed consumer choice in DTC testing.
Assessment of nutritional status in rhesus monkeys: comparison of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution

Abstract: Body composition estimates from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution (2H and 18O) were compared in 61 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from the ongoing long‐term energy restriction study at the University of Wisconsin. Their average age was 18.9 ± 2.5 y/o. Of the animals, 51% were in the energy restricted group and 38% were females. Although the correlation between methods was highly significant for fat mass (R2 = 0.97, SEE = 0.25 kg or 7.5%, P < 0.0001) and fat‐free mass (R2 = 0.98, SEE = 0.29 kg or 3.6%, P < 0.0001), we observed that dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry underestimated fat mass by 0.67 ± 0.26 kg (7.5%, P < 0.0001) and overestimated fat‐free mass by 0.57 ± 0.29 kg (20%, P < 0.0001) when compared with isotope dilution. Taken together with data from the literature, the present results emphasize the usefulness of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry to derive body composition and thus nutritional status in monkeys, but demonstrate the importance of validation experiments for a given DXA model and software.
A Further Study of Timing With LSO on XP20D0 for TOF PET

In our previous work, a very good time resolution recorded with a 4 times 4 times 20 mm3 LSO crystal coupled to a Photonis XP20D0 photomultiplier was shown, which suggests that TOF-PET based on the LSO is a realistic proposition. A further improvement of the time resolution, due to the common light readout by the cluster of PMTs in the block detector, proposed by Kuhn et al., triggered our further study of the time resolution obtainable with the LSO crystals. In the present work, the optimization of timing using a leading-edge fast discriminator and a constant fraction discriminator was done and the results of the leading-edge timing were discussed in terms of the Hyman theory. In the second part of the study, the time resolution measurements and an optimization of the system realizing the light readout by two XP20D0 PMTs coupled to a common light diffuser were carried out for the 4 times 4 times 20 mm3 LSO crystal placed in various positions with respect to the PMTs. The results show that using a sum of signals and, in consequence, a better light collection from several PMTs improves timing and should allow good homogeneity of the time resolution over a whole surface of the detectors to be achieved.
Revising the critical care family needs inventory for the emergency department.

BACKGROUND The Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) has been used widely over the last two decades for analysing the needs of family members in the intensive care unit. However, it has significant limitations as a needs assessment tool for use with families in the Emergency Department (ED). This paper discusses the methodological challenges encountered during the process of reviewing and adapting this tool for use in the ED. AIMS The purpose of this study was to revise and adapt the CCFNI for use with a population of family members of critically ill patients in an Australian Emergency Department. INSTRUMENT The process of tool revision, adaptation and reconstruction included: critique of the CCFNI; concept definition; item review; content and structure revision; scale revision; and testing with a sample of the target population. METHODS Data collection methods were aimed at accessing a vulnerable population, while enhancing response rate and data quality. A sample of 84 relatives of critically ill patients from one Melbourne Metropolitan Emergency Department was used, 73% of whom returned questionnaires. RESULTS Pilot data were examined with the specific purpose of identifying elements of the tool that required refinement or modification. Methods used for establishing reliability and validity of the revised tool provided satisfactory results. LIMITATIONS Limitations of this study include inadequate sample size for exploratory factor analysis, and an incomplete response set for some items, which influenced item analysis. CONCLUSION The process used for addressing the identified methodological issues in reviewing and adapting the CCFNI for use in the ED provides a framework for adapting an established tool for a specific purpose.
Effects of glibenclamide on ventricular fibrillation in non‐insulin-dependent diabetics with acute myocardial infarction

Background: Glibenclamide, a hypoglycemic sulfonylurea, has shown antiarrhythmic effects in acutely ischemic myocardium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug in preventing ventricular fibrillation in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: We studied 232 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (106 on glibenclamide, group Al; 126 treated with another hypoglycemic drug or with diet only, group A2) and 830 non-diabetic people. All the patients were admitted to our coronary care unit with their first myocardial infarction. Results: Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 1.9% of group Al, 7.9% of group A2, and 9.9% of the non-diabetic (Al versus A2, P < 0.05; A2 versus the non-diabetic group, NS; Al versus the non-diabetic group, P < 0.01). Sustained ventricular tachycardia was not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: The antiarrhythmic effectiveness of glibenclamide might be related to its blocking action on the ATP-dependent potassium channel, with consequent attenuation of the efflux of potassium induced by ischemia. We also observed a higher mortality rate resulting from heart failure in group A2 than in group Al or the non-diabetic group. Since glibenclamide has never shown significant effects on myocardial contractility, this finding remains to be elucidated. Glibenclamide therefore appears to have an antifibrillatory effect in acute myocardial infarction; with respect to acute coronary events, the drug might be able to prevent ventricular fibrillation, which is most often fatal when it occurs before hospitalization.
Proteomic analysis of the cullin 4B interactome using proximity‐dependent biotinylation in living cells

Cullin 4B (CUL4B) mutations have been implicated in mental retardation and dopamine‐related behaviors due to disruptions in their interaction with cullin‐RING E3 ligases (CRLs). Thus, further identification of CUL4B substrates can increase the knowledge of protein homeostasis and illuminate the role of CUL4B in neuropsychiatric disease. However, the transient nature of the coupling between CUL4B and its substrates is difficult to detect in vivo using current approaches, thus hampers efforts to investigate functions of CRLs within unperturbed living systems. In this study, we sought to discover CUL4B interactants with or without dopamine stimulation. BirA (118G) proximity‐dependent biotin labeling combined with LC‐MS was employed to biotinylate and identify transient and weak interactants of CUL4B. After purification with streptavidin beads and identified by LC‐MS, a total of 150 biotinylated proteins were identified at baseline condition, 53 of which are well‐known CUL4B interactants. After dopamine stimulation, 29 proteins disappeared and were replaced by 21 different protein interactants. The altered CUL4B interactants suggest that CUL4B regulates protein turnover and homeostasis in response to dopamine stimulation. Our results demonstrate the potential of this approach to identify novel CUL4B‐related molecules in respond to cellular stimuli, which may be applied to other types of signaling pathways.
HİSSE SENEDİ GETİRİLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLER 2002–2012 TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Bu calismanin amaci IMKB 100 Endeksi ile bazi makro ekonomik degiskenler arasindaki iliskiyi incelemektir. Ocak 2002 ile Haziran 2012 donemlerini kapsayan calismada bagimli degisken olarak IMKB-100 Endeksi getirisi, bagimsiz degiskenler olarak da faiz orani, para arzi, sanayi uretim endeksi ve Doviz Kuru belirlenmistir. Calismada coklu regresyon modeli en kucuk kareler tahmin yontemi, kullanilmistir. Calismadan elde edilen sonuclara gore, hisse senedi getirileri ile para arzi (M2) arasinda pozitif yonlu, doviz kuru ile negatif yonlu bir iliski oldugu tespit edilmistir
The incidence and clinical significance of non-isolation of the pulmonary vein carina after encircling ipsilateral pulmonary veins isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a pitfall of the double-Lasso technique.

AIMS Encircling ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PVs) isolation (EIPVsI) with the double-Lasso technique has proven to be effective to cure atrial fibrillation (AF). However, in this technique, PV mapping with circular catheters may miss a non-isolation of the PV carina. The purpose of this study was to reveal the incidence and clinical significance of a non-isolation of the PV carina after EIPVsI. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 81 consecutive paroxysmal AF patients (age 61 ± 12 years, 56 men), in whom EIPVsI was successfully performed in one encircling line with the endpoint of the demonstration of bidirectional conduction block between the PVs and left atrium (LA) with the double-Lasso technique. After a successful EIPVsI, pacing from the PV carina was performed and it captured the LA in 17 (21.0%) patients. During a mean follow-up period of 19 ± 13 months, AF recurred in 13 (16.0%) patients. A multivariate Cox proportional analysis revealed that a non-isolation of the PV carina after the EIPVsI was a significant predictor (hazard ratio = 3.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-14.16, P = 0.03) of AF recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary vein mapping with the double-Lasso technique did miss the non-isolation of the PV carina after a successful EIPVsI, which was an independent predictor of AF recurrence after the EIPVsI. Pacing from the PV carina may be required to confirm the electrical isolation of the PV carina after EIPVsI with the double-Lasso technique.
Effect of 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone (AM-1155) against chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rat model.

We studied the effect of AM-1155, a newly developed quinolone, against chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a previously described rat model. AM-1155 (25 mg/kg) or ciprofloxacin (25 mg/kg) or saline (controls) were injected s.c. for 14 days (from day 4 to day 17) after the inoculation of agar beads containing P. aeruginosa. The number of viable cells of intrapulmonary P. aeruginosa, histological findings of the lungs and immunoglobulin levels of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined in rats 11 and 18 days after the treatment. The findings indicated that the number of viable cells of P. aeruginosa in lungs was significantly decreased in the AM-1155- or ciprofloxacin-treated group compared with the non-treated control group. Histological examination in the non-treated control group showed hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue as well as cellular infiltration in airways, but not prominently in the AM-1155- or ciprofloxacin-treated group. The IgG and IgA levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower in the AM-1155- and ciprofloxacin-treated groups than in the control group. These in-vivo effects of AM-1155 were comparable to those of ciprofloxacin. These findings suggest that treatment with AM-1155 and ciprofloxacin suppressed excessive immune responses, preventing progression of airway damage in the chronic infectious state.