Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation at 8q24 and 9p24 and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Abstract The chromosome 8q24 region (specifically, 8q24.21.a) is known to harbor variants associated with risk of breast, colorectal, prostate, and bladder cancers. In 2008, variants rs10505477 and rs6983267 in this region were associated with increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer (p < 0.01); however, three subsequent ovarian cancer reports of 8q24 variants were null. Here, we used a multi-site case-control study of 940 ovarian cancer cases and 1,041 controls to evaluate associations between these and other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this 8q24 region, as well as in the 9p24 colorectal cancer associated-region (specifically, 9p24.1.b). A total of 35 SNPs from previous reports and additional tagging SNPs were assessed using an Illumina GoldenGate array and analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for population structure and other potential confounders. We observed no association between genotypes and risk of ovarian cancer considering all cases, invasive cases, or invasive serous cases. For example, at 8q24 SNPs rs10505477 and rs6983267, analyses yielded per-allele invasive cancer odds ratios of 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.09, p trend 0.46) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.84–1.12, p trend 0.69), respectively. Analyses using an approach identical to that of the first positive 8q24 report also yielded no association with risk of ovarian cancer. In the 9p24 region, no SNPs were associated with risk of ovarian cancer overall or with invasive or invasive serous disease (all p values > 0.10). These results indicate that the SNPs studied here are not related to risk of this gynecologic malignancy and that the site-specific nature of 8q24.21. a associations may not include ovarian cancer.
Earnings Quality in Acquired and Nonacquired Family Firms

We develop a socioemotional wealth explanation for the differences in earnings quality between family firms. We argue that the process by which families obtain ownership of firms is a key contingency affecting earnings quality. Specifically, firms acquired by families through market transactions display lower earnings quality due to lower identification of family owners relative to firms still owned by the families that created them. Acquired family firms benefit with respect to their earnings quality from having a nonfamily CEO while nonacquired family firms benefit from having a family CEO.
Leadership values and learning in China: The mediating role of psychological safety

Organizations are relying increasingly on teams to promote critical objectives, including learning and development. The values of leaders have traditionally been thought to have powerful effects on individual performance but few studies have examined their impact on teamwork among employees. This study proposes that leader values of participation, people, and productivity can promote team learning and that psychological safety within teams is an important mediator between leader values and team learning. Leaders and members of 101 groups in Shanghai, China, participated in the study. Structural equation analysis indicated that psychological safety mediated the relationships between leader values and learning. These results were interpreted as suggesting that leader values can help members develop psychological safety that in turn induces learning.
Parties, Elections and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from a Small Open Economy

This paper examines whether movements in the stock prices on the Athens stock exchange can be partly explained by the dynamics of the political environment. On the basis of a partisan structure, with two main political parties and a high density of elections, we find that the conditional mean and variance of the stock market index are affected by political developments in Greece. In particular, we find that different political regimes affect the conditional variance of the stock market index, and also that the stock market index is asymmetrically affected by past innovations.
Introduction to EMF 24

This special issue of the Energy Journal documents the main ﬁndings of Energy Modeling Forum Model Inter-comparison Project (MIP) number 24 (EMF 24) entitled “The EMF24 Study on U.S. Technology and Climate Policy Strategies. ” This study focused on the development and cross model comparison of results from a new generation of comprehensive U.S. climate policy intervention scenarios focusing on technology strategies for achieving climate policy objectives. These scenarios enabled the community to exercise enhanced modeling capabilities that were focused on in previous EMF studies on the international trade implications of climate policies; the representation of technological change; and the incorporation of multi-gas mitigation and land use emissions and mitigation policy alternatives
Ultraflexible organic field-effect transistors embedded at a neutral strain position

We fabricated ultraflexible pentacene field-effect transistors (FETs) with a mobility of 0.5cm2∕Vs and an on/off ratio of 105, which are functional at the bending radius less than 1mm. The transistors are manufactured on a 13-μm-thick polyimide film and covered by a 13-μm-thick poly-chloro-para-xylylene encapsulation layer so that transistors can be embedded at a neutral position. This sandwiched structure can drastically suppress strain-induced changes in transistor characteristics. Furthermore, the FETs show no significant change after bending cycles of 60 000 times on inward and outward bending stresses.
Intrinsic connections of rat primary visual cortex: Laminar organization of axonal projections

The organization of local projections within the rat primary visual cortex (area 17) was investigated by tracing fibers with HRP in in vitro brain slices. The projections from different layers showed distinct laminar patterns. Layer 4 made a strong, topographically precise, projection to lower layer 2/3; weaker projections extended laterally and terminated diffusely in layer 2/3 but also ran vertically to layers 5 and 6. The connections of lower and upper layer 2/3 were reciprocal and point‐to‐point. Within layer 2/3, a large number of fibers ran horizontally and terminated at variable distances from the injection site without making terminal clusters. The main output from layer 2/3 was to layer 5. The most prominent projections from the upper half of layer 5 were to layers 2/3 and 6; lower layer 5, in contrast, made wide‐ranging, clustered projections to layer 1, the bottom of layer 2/3, and the top of layers 4 and 5. The patches were 130–160 μm wide and spaced apart by 230–260 μm. The main projection that arose from the superficial layer 6 terminated in layer 4 above the injection site. In contrast, lower layer 6 made clustered projections to the layer 3/4 border, extending up to 2 mm in the coronal plane. The patches were 190–220 μm wide and spaced apart by 320–390 μm. Additional projections went to the layer 5/6 border and layers 1 and 2.
Professional Identities in Transit: Factors Shaping Immigrant Labour Market Success

Immigrant professionals comprise a growing segment within current migration waves, but the determinants of successful transnational skill transfer are poorly understood. In this paper, I offer a framework for the evaluation of these determinants, drawing upon three empirical studies among immigrant professionals from the former Soviet Union in Israel. I start by describing the social context of immigrant integration, including policies aimed at assisting skilled immigrants to get a fresh start on the local labour market. Next, I reflect on the nature of various professions in terms of their cultural and linguistic dependency, with the ensuing adaptive potential upon migration. I also tap into the main macro-economic and institutional characteristics of the host society that may facilitate or hinder the initial entry and subsequent mobility of immigrant professionals within local organizations. I apply this analytical frame to the discussion of Israeli studies among immigrant professionals who represent three different points on the scale of cultural dependency: engineers (technical occupation), physicians (combining standard medical training with cultural skills) and schoolteachers (most dependent on language and local cultural codes). In every case, the resulting success or failure of occupational continuity reflects a complex interplay of context-bound and individual factors, aggravated by the small size and rapid saturation of the local labour market.
The effect of high dose simvastatin on, platelet size in patients with, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Statins reduce coronary heart disease risk by altering blood lipids and other mechanisms. One of the possible other mechanisms is through an effect on thrombosis. We assessed the effect of simvastatin 80 mg daily versus placebo given in a single blind crossover fashion on platelet size in response to standard ex vivo stimuli, a surrogate for platelet activation, in 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes and mixed dyslipidemia. Exposure to collagen, cold, and heat caused the expected changes in platelet volume. Contrary to our expectations, ex vivo platelet size during collagen and cold exposure increased by 2.6 and 1.7%, respectively (P < 0.05), during simvastatin treatment as opposed to the placebo period. We conclude that some of the effects of high dose simvastatin therapy on platelets may not necessarily be anti-atherogenic.
Individual Behavior and Group Membership * First Draft : December 24 , 2004 This Draft : March 12 , 2005

People who are members of a group, and identify with it, behave differently from people in isolation. The way in which the behavior differs depends in subtle ways from the way in which the nature of the group is perceived, as well as its salience, and also on the way in which people perceive that group membership and observation affects the behavior of others. We study these hypotheses in a strategic experimental environment. Participants are allocated randomly to two groups (Row and Column players), and a room is assigned to each group. The salience of the group membership is manipulated by making the group present as an audience in the corresponding room, or not. We use two stage games, the Battle of the Sexes and Prisoner’s Dilemma. We show that the salience of the group affects behavior of members, as well as the behavior of people in the other group, and that participants anticipate these effects. Group membership increases the aggressive stance of the hosts (people who have their group members in the audience). The effect on the outcomes of this increased aggressive stance depends on the game: In the Battle of the Sexes, the aggressiveness of hosts leads to coordination on an efficient, alternating outcome; in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, it leads to conflict and inefficient outcomes. * Gary Charness, Dept. of Economics, UCSB, 2127 North Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9210, 805-893-2412, charness@econ.ucsb. edu; Luca Rigotti, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Box 90120, Durham, NC 27708, 919-660-7780, rigotti@duke.edu; Aldo Rustichini, Dept. of Economics, University of Minnesota, 1035 Heller Hall, 271 19 Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, 612-625-4816, arust@econ.umn. edu The research was supported in part by research funds from UCSB, research funds from Duke University, and the NSF grant NSF/SES-0136556 to Aldo Rustichini. We thank George Akerlof, Ted Bergstrom, Rachel Croson, Stefano Della Vigna, Rod Garratt, Uri Gneezy, David Laibson, Rick Larrick, Markus Mobius, Matthew Rabin, Roberto Weber, Chun-Lei Yang, and seminar participants at UCSB, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Duke (Fuqua), the Pittsburgh 2003 ESA meeting, and the 2004 BDRM conference. All errors are our own.
Design-based research – issues in connecting theory, research and practice

: During the last 20 years, design-based research (DBR) has become a popular methodology for connecting educational theory, research and practice. The missing link between educational theory, research and educational practice is an ongoing issue and DBR is seen as an integrated methodology to bridge the gap. But is this as easy as it sounds? The purpose of the article is to identify and discuss issues involved in applying DBR. The article is based on methodology chapters and essays from three PhD studies applying the DBR framework to implement problem and project based learning (PBL). The findings indicate several key issues at both the scientific and personal level. Scientifically, the main issues are contribution to theory and the role of the researcher. At the personal level, it is an investment beyond normal research procedures to involve yourself as a researcher in curriculum change.
Policy imperative, management challenge: a case study in college of education reform from Kwara State in Nigeria

In 2007, Kwara State in Nigeria embarked on a process of college of education reform. This article explores the strategic and managerial issues associated with that process. It sets out the policy imperative for reform within the context of an urgent need to improve the quality of education in Nigeria and traces progress over a four year period, drawing upon experience at both the Ministry of Education and college level. The article analyses the impact of what was a ‘top-down’ initiative, focusing in particular on the policy formulation process; the experience of developing an institutional plan; and the factors that made reform such a management challenge. The article concludes by highlighting lessons that might be learned from the Kwara experience.
MICROSTRUCTURE DYNAMICS AND AGENT-BASED FINANCIAL MARKETS: CAN DINOSAURS RETURN?

This paper formalizes observations made under agent-based artificial stock market models into a concrete hypothesis, which is called the Dinosaur Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that the behavior of financial markets constantly changes and that the trading strategies in a market need to continuously co-evolve with it in order to remain effective. After formalizing the hypothesis, we suggest a testing methodology and run tests under 10 international financial markets. Our tests are based on a framework that we recently developed, which used Genetic Programming as a rule inference engine, and Self-Organizing Maps as a clustering machine for the above rules. However, an important assumption of that study was that maps among different periods were directly comparable with each other. In order to allow this to happen, we had to keep the same clusters throughout the different time periods of our experiments. Nevertheless, this assumption could be considered as strict or even unrealistic. In this paper, we relax this assumption. This makes our model more realistic. In addition, this allows us to investigate in depth the dynamics of market behavior and test for the plausibility of the Dinosaur Hypothesis. The results show that indeed markets' behavior constantly changes. As a consequence, strategies need to continuously co-evolve with the market; if they do not, they become obsolete or dinosaurs.
Corporate Tax Harmonization in the EU

This paper explores the economic consequences of proposed EU reforms for a common consolidated corporate tax base. The reforms replace separate accounting with formula apportionment as a way to allocate corporate tax bases across countries. To assess the economic implications, we use a numerical computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Europe. It encompasses several decision margins of firms such as marginal investment, FDI decisions, and multinational profit shifting. The simulations suggest that consolidation does not yield substantial welfare gains for Europe. The variation of effects across countries is large and depends on the choice of the apportionment formula. Consolidation with formula apportionment does not weaken incentives for tax competition. Tax competition instead offers a rationale for rate harmonization, in addition to base harmonization.
Destination food image and intention to eat destination foods: a view from Korea

Food image has begun to influence tourist behaviour, so understanding the food image of a destination is important. This study examined the relationships among destination food image, preference, and intention to eat destination foods. A total of 357 tourists in Korea participated in this study. The results of structural equation modelling confirmed empirically that image affected behavioural intention as it applied to food. Cognitive image had a stronger influence than affective image on preferences for destination foods and intention to eat destination foods. In addition, preference for destination foods predicted intention to eat destination foods. This study indicates that the cognitive image of destination foods should be identified and that image strengthened to increase tourists' intentions to eat destination foods. Marketing strategies should appeal to both authenticity and the unique cognitive image of destination foods as well as encourage tourists to experience destination foods and gain internal information.
Evaluation of collateral sprouting after end‐to‐side nerve coaptation using a fluorescent double‐labeling technique

The mechanism of end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy is believed to be by collateral sprouting, although evidence for this is lacking. This study validates whether axonal sprouting originates from the donor intact nerve by collateral sprouting with the use of a fluorescent double‐labeling technique. End‐to‐side neurorrhaphy was performed on adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Eight and 12 months postoperatively, animals were injected with true blue and diamidino yellow into the tibialis anterior and/or gastrocnemius muscles and were transcardially perfused with fixative after 7 days of retrograde transport. The lumbar enlargement and the dorsal root ganglia from L3 to L6 were harvested and serial sectioning and fluorescent microscopy were performed. No double‐labeling neurons were observed in control animals, but a group of neurons that were greenish or yellowish in color were seen with single labeling. Double‐labeling neurons, however, were seen in animals treated with end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy whether or not perineurotomy was performed. These results demonstrate that one parent nerve fiber can emanate another axon by collateral sprouting following end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy. We hypothesize that the causes of collateral sprouting might result from “switching signals” and/or “switching factors. ” © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 19:281–286 1999
Equilibrium existence in the linear model of spatial competition

This paper considers a generalization of the Hotelling model of spatial competition. It is shown that a pure strategy perfect equilibrium in the two-stage location-price game exists only under very stringent conditions. These conditions are in fact the conditions for profit to be concave in price for any given location pair. When the solution concept is extended to allow for mixed strategies, there is no symmetric equilibrium involving pure strategies if transport costs are not sufficiently convex. The convexity of transport costs is crucial in determining whether there is excessive or insufficient diversity of products. Copyright 1988 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Preservative-treated sawn timber in Sweden: waste beyond control

Wood preservatives contain hazardous substances that cause environmental implications during waste management. The objective of this study was to analyse the waste management of preservative-treated sawn timber in Sweden from a pollution perspective and in regard to the present waste policy. Firstly, the generation of waste was modelled and then the methods of disposal were analysed from direct inquiries to waste facilities and from mass balance considerations. The results show that the discarded amount of preservative-treated sawn timber has increased and today exceeds 150 000 tonnes per year. This waste generation will continue for many years and will contain several thousand tonnes of arsenic and chromium. According to the Swedish Waste Decree, preservative-treated sawn timber is to be separately handled as hazardous waste. At present, however, most of the waste unintentionally becomes dispersed in non-hazardous waste, making it difficult to control the outflows of hazardous substances from preservative-treated sawn timber.
Swallowing Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy

The nature of swallowing problems was examined in nine patients treated primarily with external‐beam radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed tumors of the head and neck. All subjects underwent videofluorographic examination of their swallowing. Three analyses were completed, including the following: observations of motility disorders, residue, and aspiration; temporal analyses; and biomechanical analyses. Oropharyngeal swallow efficiency was calculated for the first swallow of each bolus.
Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump gene expression by hindlimb unweighting.

Hindlimb unweighting (HU) causes upregulation of several muscle-specific genes responsible for the slow-to-fast transition in soleus skeletal muscle properties despite the profound muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of the fast and slow isoforms of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase at the mRNA and protein level in the soleus muscle over a time course of HU and relate them to Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase activity and selected contractile properties. mRNA levels of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were measured to compare the signal of unweighting with denervation. Atrophy of the soleus muscles from tail-suspended rats was observed at all time points with muscle mass decreased by 52% at 28 days of HU (P < 0.05). Northern blot analysis showed the relative expression of the fast Ca2+ pump mRNA increased by 0, 250, 910, 1,340, and 4,050% over control levels at 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days of HU, respectively, whereas changes in slow mRNA were variable and modest in comparison. For the same time points, Western blot analysis showed relative expression of the fast Ca2+ pump protein increased by 30, 110, 320, 280, and 300% over control levels, whereas the slow-pump protein expression was unchanged except for a 75% decrease at 28 days of HU. Specific Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase activity was increased (P < 0.05) by 170% at 28 days of HU. Contractile properties measured in vitro at 14 and 28 days revealed time to peak tension and one-half relaxation time were shortened (P < 0.05) and a rightward shift in the tension-frequency curves in unloaded soleus muscles. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Innovation in large versus small companies: insights from the US wood products industry

Purpose – Aims to explain the effect of firm size on company innovation inside one industry context: the wood products industry.Design/methodology/approach – The strategic issues under study (innovation, corporate strategy) are typically managed by the firm's top executives. Also important is the fact that the response rates of questionnaires targeting this group are generally very low. Consistently, the data for the project were obtained from 43 in‐person interviews with top executives of wood products companies of different sizes in two countries, i.e. the USA and Chile.Findings – Finds that firm size does impact the innovation type pursued by companies, at least in the wood products industry. Indeed, large companies of this study clearly outrun smaller companies in process innovation. However, our analysis also shows that small companies level the field with larger companies when considering all three innovation types (process, product, business systems). Practical implications – The capital enjoyed by .