Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training of Cadres In The Context of Emergency Identification of Pregnant Women During The Covid 19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed many things, including the policy direction for the schedule of examinations for pregnant women, which was initially at least four times during pregnancy to one time, as long as the pregnancy is not problematic. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, many pregnant women are reluctant to check their pregnancy at the hospital for fear of contracting the Corona virus, even though pregnancy checks still need to be carried out regularly. The purpose of this community service is to provide training to health cadres regarding emergencies in pregnancy so that cadres can provide assistance in order to identify emergency conditions during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of activities carried out is cadre training and assistance to pregnant women. The results showed that after the training activities, the level of knowledge of cadres on emergency services in pregnant women increased and pregnant women in the high risk category were 53.7%. In conclusion, this community service program has succeeded in increasing the knowledge of cadres in assisting pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Switching from ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists or diuretics to candesartan improves efficacy and tolerability.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of candesartan in patients previously treated with, but displaying adverse reactions to, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists or thiazide diuretics. METHODS 968 mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients (aged 18-74 years) entered an 8-week treatment period with candesartan 8 or 16 mg according to a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group design. After the first 4 weeks of treatment, candesartan was doubled in 33.6% of patients taking the 8-mg dose, in whom blood pressure was > 140/90 mmHg. RESULTS Sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressures were significantly reduced (mean and 95% confidence interval) after 4 [3.7 (3.2-4.2)/8.9 (8.0-9.9) mmHg; n = 930] and even more after 8 [5.8 (5.4-6.3)/12.1 (11.1-13.0) mmHg; n = 890] weeks of treatment. The rate of improvement in the tolerability profile (success) was always greater than the rate of failure (93.3 vs 6.7% at the end of treatment). Adverse reactions amounted to 1125 at baseline, 129 at 4 weeks and 46 at 8 weeks of treatment. Adverse events to candesartan were reported in 2.7% of patients. Efficacy and safety were similar when data were analyzed taking into account the type of previous antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSION Candesartan is an effective and safe alternative to common antihypertensive drugs when they are not tolerated by patients.
Influence of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Pain Intensity Levels in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans.

OBJECTIVE Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among US veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND). We postulated that these injuries may modulate pain processing in these individuals and affect their subjective pain levels. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS 310 deployed service members of OEF/OIF/OND without a lifetime history of moderate or severe TBI were included in this study. METHODS All participants completed a comprehensive evaluation for Blast Exposure, mTBI, PTSD, and Pain Levels. The Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime Version (BAT-L) was used to assess blast exposure and potential brain injury during military service. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) characterized presence and severity of PTSD. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity over the previous month before the interview, with higher scores indicative of worse pain. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and results were adjusted for co-morbidities, clinical characteristics and demographic data. RESULTS In comparison to control participants (veterans without mTBI or current PTSD), veterans with both current PTSD and mTBI reported the highest pain intensity levels, followed by veterans with PTSD only (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Pain levels in veterans with mTBI only were comparable to control participants. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid PTSD and mTBI is associated with increased self-reported pain intensity. mTBI alone was not associated with increased pain.
Intravenous infusion of Galalpha1-3Gal oligosaccharides in baboons delays hyperacute rejection of porcine heart xenografts.

BACKGROUND Hyperacute rejection (HAR) of pig-to-primate discordant xenografts is caused by the deposition of preexisting natural antibodies that recognize Galalpha1-3Gal (alphaGal)-terminating oligosaccharides on glycoproteins and glycolipids, followed by complement-mediated lysis of the graft's endothelium. In vitro, these natural xenoantibodies can be blocked by alphaGal-containing oligosaccharides. We undertook in vivo pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation experiments to evaluate free oligosaccharides as inhibitors of HAR. METHODS Initial 15-min intravenous infusions of alphaGal-oligosaccharides into baboons were used to measure pharmacokinetic parameters, and to assess the extent of neutralization of anti-alphaGal antibody activity. AlphaGal trisaccharide (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) or pentasaccharide (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc ) was administered at 0.5 mmol/kg into baboons. Next, two baboons that received porcine heterotopic heart xenografts were continuously infused with alphaGal pentasaccharide for 4-5 hr, maintaining the serum oligosaccharide concentration in the millimolar range. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the oligosaccharides were rapidly cleared from the blood, with a serum half-life of 50 min. In the period during which blood oligosaccharide concentration was above 1 mM, as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, the serum cytotoxic activity against porcine cells was completely abolished. HAR of the xenograft was inhibited during the infusions, although there was some histological and immunohistological evidence of antibody-mediated injury on biopsies taken at the end of this period. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous alphaGal oligosaccharides, by inhibiting anti-alphaGal antibody activity, delay but do not abolish the onset of HAR.
Iranian Women Perception of Patient’s Rights: Inpatients’ Attitude Toward Practice of the Iranian Charter

Background: Despite many studies, we are still in need of more investigations aiming at the implementation of patients’ rights in Iran; this would be more important concerning vulnerable groups like women. In this way, we have tried to study how much are Iranian women justiﬁed about Iranian patients’ rights charter and how much are their rights observed during hospitalization. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 competent in-patients were selected by simple random sampling. A previously validated (face, content, and construct validity) and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92) questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was designed based on the last version of Iranian patient rights charter and included four subscales. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using parametric statistics. Results: Patients’ rights charter was practiced weak (0.76 ± 0.24 out of 3) according to the patients. The weakest score was observed for the dimension of ‘accountability and handling of complaints’ (0.09 ± 0.27). Generally, the participants placed a relative importance(justiﬁedrelativelywell)forthecharter(2.20 ± 0.46). Additionally,the"importance"of therightswasalsosigniﬁcantly diﬀerent regarding patients’ educational (P < 0.001) and employment status (P < 0.001) and place of residence (P < 0.001). No signiﬁcant correlation was determined between "Importance" and “performance” subscales. Conclusions: Accordingtotheﬁndings,moreattemptsshouldbeimplementedaimingatinformingandsensitizingwomenabout theirrights. Therefore,establishingand/orsupportingthefollowingmeasurescouldbehelpful: hospitalandmedia-basedadvising programs for both patients and professionals, patients’ rights movements, systematic controls and supervisions and carrying out patients’ rights as a ﬁrm policy.
Yoga Influences Recovery During Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to add yoga therapy to inpatient rehabilitation and assess whether patients chose to engage in yoga therapy in addition to other daily therapies, to describe patients' perceptions of how yoga therapy influenced recovery, and to assess and describe patient satisfaction with the program. METHODS This was a single-arm pilot study, adding yoga therapy to ongoing inpatient rehabilitation. Yoga therapy was offered as group yoga or individual yoga twice a week. Semi-structured interview questions were completed via telephone post-discharge. RESULTS A total of 55 of the 77 (71%) people contacted about the study engaged in yoga therapy in the inpatient rehabilitation setting for this study and 31 (56%) of these completed the semi-structured interview questions. Qualitative data support that participants perceived that yoga therapy improved breathing, relaxation, and psychological wellbeing. Overall, participants were satisfied with the program, although they often indicated they would like increased flexibility or frequency of yoga. Almost all participants (97%) said they would recommend the yoga therapy program to others in inpatient rehabilitation. CONCLUSION We were able to add yoga therapy to ongoing inpatient rehabilitation and participants perceived benefits of having the yoga therapy in their rehabilitation stay.
"People who defend their homeland": Motivations for Joining and Being Active in an Anti-Immigration Group on Facebook

This study strives to contribute in explaining the mechanisms and role of homogeneous social media communities in formation of ethnic prejudice, the phenomena being often named in the literature as echo chamber effect. The paper will present the findings of a qualitative study carried out with the active members of the biggest public Estonian-language based anti-immigration Facebook group "Estonians against refugee quotas". Semi-structured individual interviews (N=12) with members of the group were carried out in spring 2016 with an aim to find out their reasons and motivation behind joining an anti-immigration community in Facebook. Furthermore, our intention was also to study what kind of role the members of the group apply to social media and their Facebook group in particular, in Estonian public debates about the refugee crises. We were able to differentiate between both institutional/regional-, national/institutional-, individual- and interactional level drivers behind joining the Facebook community.
[Digital Game Addiction Among Adolescents and Younger Adults: A Current Overview].

The games that adolescents and young people used to play in the play grounds and on the streets have been replaced in recent years with cyber games played in front of the computer on the internet or in game arcades. This changing culture has particularly brought up the concept of "digital game addiction", a condition that stems from the steadily growing passion for digital games and their excessived and uncontrolled usage among adolescents and young people. Game addiction in the psychiatry literature has been described as an impulse control disorder characterized by the symptoms such as "the inability to control the time spent on game-playing", "a loss of interest in other activities", "continuing to play despite the adverse effects" and "feeling psychologically deprived when not being able to play". "Although digital game addiction has not been accepted by psychiatric authorities as a psychiatric disorder yet, the increasing psychiatry referrals due to the problems accompanying this disorder, the efforts of families to seek support and solutions, the evidence that similarities with other types of addiction have been revealed by researchers, as well as the current prevalence rates are all factors that suggest the existence of important of the examination of issue. Despite the discussions about the digital game addiction, the literature on the subject is increasing. This article offers an overview of digital game-playing behavior in the light of current literature, seeking to share its findings with health care professionals.
Numerical study of mixed convection inside a three-dimensional ventilated cavity in the presence of an isothermal heating block

Received:4 October 2017 Accepted: 20 April 2018 A numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the mixed convection heat transfer in isothermal heating source within three-dimensional ventilated cavity with different inletoutlet locations by using finite volume method. The results are presented in terms of flow structures, temperature distribution, and average Nusselt number for various combinations of thermal controlling parameters, namely, Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 100) and Richardson number (0 ≤ Ri ≤ 10). The obtained results show that the flow intensity and the heat transfer rate can be significantly improved by an optimal choice of the mentioned parameters for different inlet-outlet locations.
[Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the fine root characteristics and soil respiration in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation in rainy area of West China].

Fine root is critical in the belowground carbon (C) cycling in forest ecosystem. Aimed to understand the effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on the fine root characteristics and soil respiration in Pleioblastus amarus plantation, a two-year field experiment was conducted in the Rainy Area of West China. Four treatments with different levels of N deposition were installed, i. e. , CK (0 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), low N (5 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), medium N (15 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), and high N (30 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)). There were great differences in the biomass and element contents of <1 mm and 1-2 mm fine roots among the treatments. Comparing with < 1 mm fine roots, 1-2 mm fine roots had higher contents of lignin, P, and Mg, but lower contents of cellulose and Ca. Nitrogen deposition increased the biomass of < 2mm fine roots significantly, with the values being (533 +/- 89) g x m(-2) in CK, and (630 +/- 140), (632 +/- 168), and (820 +/- 161) g x m(-2) in treatments low N, medium N, and high N, respectively. The N, K, and Mg contents of <2 mm fine roots also had an obvious increase under N deposition. The annual soil respiration rate in treatments CK, low N, medium N, and high N was (5.85 +/- 0.43), (6.48 +/- 0.71), (6.84 +/- 0.57), and (7.62 +/- 0.55) t C x hm(-2) x a(-1), respectively, indicating that N deposition had obvious promotion effects on soil respiration. There were significant linear relationships between the annual soil respiration rate and the biomass and N content of <2 mm fine roots. N deposition increased the fine root biomass and promoted the root metabolism, and stimulated the rhizospheric soil respiration rate via promoting microbial activities.
Initial misdiagnosis and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

CONTEXT Mortality and morbidity can be reduced if aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is treated urgently. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of initial misdiagnosis and outcome after SAH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Inception cohort of 482 SAH patients admitted to a tertiary care urban hospital between August 1996 and August 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Misdiagnosis was defined as failure to correctly diagnose SAH at a patient's initial contact with a medical professional. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 and 12 months with the modified Rankin Scale; quality of life (QOL), with the Sickness Impact Profile. RESULTS Fifty-six patients (12%) were initially misdiagnosed, including 42 of 221 (19%) of those with normal mental status at first contact. Migraine or tension headache (36%) was the most common incorrect diagnosis, and failure to obtain a computed tomography (CT) scan was the most common diagnostic error (73%). Neurologic complications occurred in 22 patients (39%) before they were correctly diagnosed, including 12 patients (21%) who experienced rebleeding. Normal mental status, small SAH volume, and right-sided aneurysm location were independently associated with misdiagnosis. Among patients with normal mental status at first contact, misdiagnosis was associated with worse QOL at 3 months and an increased risk of death or severe disability at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS In this study, misdiagnosis of SAH occurred in 12% of patients and was associated with a smaller hemorrhage and normal mental status. Among individuals who initially present in good condition, misdiagnosis is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. A low threshold for CT scanning of patients with mild symptoms that are suggestive of SAH may reduce the frequency of misdiagnosis.
Salmonella Typhi genomics: envisaging the future of typhoid eradication

Next‐generation whole‐genome sequencing has revolutionised the study of infectious diseases in recent years. The availability of genome sequences and its understanding have transformed the field of molecular microbiology, epidemiology, infection treatments and vaccine developments. We review the key findings of the publicly accessible genomes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi since the first complete genome to the most recent release of thousands of Salmonella Typhi genomes, which remarkably shape the genomic research of S. Typhi and other pathogens. Important new insights acquired from the genome sequencing of S. Typhi, pertaining to genomic variations, evolution, population structure, antibiotic resistance, virulence, pathogenesis, disease surveillance/investigation and disease control are discussed. As the numbers of sequenced genomes are increasing at an unprecedented rate, fine variations in the gene pool of S. Typhi are captured in high resolution, allowing deeper understanding of the pathogen's evolutionary trends and its pathogenesis, paving the way to bringing us closer to eradication of typhoid through effective vaccine/treatment development.
Analysis of the Effect of Uncertain Renewable Sources on Static Voltage Stability by Using NR-Based DSOPF Model with Adapted IEEE-30 Bus Test System

This study examines the uncertainty effect of renewable energy resources on the static voltage stability thanks to modeling a specific area of Turkish electricity network by using classic IEEE 30-bus test system. For this purpose, the classic IEEE 30-bus test system is adapted to the Turkish electricity network by using new approach proposed in the study, which is based on the 2015 Turkey real and reactive load curves. In this way, the classic IEEE 30-bus test system is considered a part of Turkish electricity network. The analyses are performed on this model using Newton-Raphson (NR) solution by established three Optimal Power Flow (OPF) studies: dynamic-OPF study without renewable sources, dynamic-OPF study with renewable energy sources having constant power output, Dynamic-Stochastic Optimal Power Flow (DSOPF) study with uncertain renewable energy sources. To take into account the uncertainty effects, Weibull Probability Distribution Function (PDF) using Turkey wind and solar data are used for each month. At the end of the study, it is observed that the integration of uncertain renewable energy sources into the Turkey electricity power system largely decreases both the yearly total generation cost and the reactive power generation.
Traits and evolution of wing venation pattern in paraneopteran insects

Two different patterns of wing venation are currently supposed to be present in each of the three orders of Paraneoptera. This is unlikely compared with the situation in other insects where only one pattern exists per order. We propose for all Paraneoptera a new and unique interpretation of wing venation pattern, assuming that the convex cubitus anterior gets fused with the common stem of median and radial veins at or very near to wing base, after separation from concave cubitus posterior, and re‐emerges more distally from R + M stem. Thereafter, the vein between concave cubitus posterior and CuA is a specialized crossvein called “cua‐cup,” proximally concave and distally convex. We show that despite some variations, that is, cua‐cup can vary from absent to hypertrophic; CuA can re‐emerge together with M or not, or even completely disappear, this new interpretation explains all situations among all fossil and recent paraneopteran lineages. We propose that the characters “CuA fused in a common stem with R and M”and “presence of specialized crossvein cua‐cup” are venation apomorphies that support the monophyly of the Paraneoptera. In the light of these characters, we reinterpret several Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic fossils that were ascribed to Paraneoptera, and confirm the attribution of several to this superorder as well as possible attribution of Zygopsocidae (Zygopsocus permianus Tillyard, 1935) as oldest Psocodea. We discuss the situation in extinct Hypoperlida and Miomoptera, suggesting that both orders could well be polyphyletic, with taxa related to Archaeorthoptera, Paraneoptera, or even Holometabola. The Carboniferous Protoprosbolidae is resurrected and retransferred into the Paraneoptera. The genus Lithoscytina is restored. The miomopteran Eodelopterum priscum Schmidt, 1962 is newly revised and considered as a fern pinnule. In addition, the new paraneopteran Bruayaphis oudardi gen. nov. et sp. nov. is described fromthe Upper Carboniferous of France (see Supporting Information). J. Morphol. , 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oil Price Changes and U.S. Real GDP Growth: Is this Time Different?

This paper contributes to the large debate regarding the impact of oil price changes on U.S. GDP growth. Firstly, it replicates empirical findings of prominent studies and finds that the proposed oil price measures have a dissipating effect with recent data up to 2016Q4. Secondly, it re-examines the issue and provides evidence that oil price decreases affect the GDP growth, when taking into consideration mixed data sampling technique. Finally, it puts particular focus on nonlinearity and a possible instability and shows that combining Markov switching and mixed data sampling models allows to identify different regimes permanently changing with the Great Moderation.
Sources of hepatic glucose production by 2H2O ingestion and Bayesian analysis of 2H glucuronide enrichment

The contribution of gluconeogenesis to hepatic glucose production (GP) was quantified after 2H2O ingestion by Bayesian analysis of the position 2 and 5 2H‐NMR signals (H2 and H5) of monoacetone glucose (MAG) derived from urinary acetaminophen glucuronide. Six controls and 10 kidney transplant (KTx) patients with cyclosporine A (CsA) immunosuppressant therapy were studied. Seven KTx patients were lean and euglycemic (BMI = 24.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2; fasting glucose = 4.7 ± 0.1 mM) while three were obese and hyperglycemic (BMI = 30.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2; fasting glucose = 7.1 ± 0.5 mM). For the 16 spectra analyzed, the mean coefficient of variation for the gluconeogenesis contribution was 10% ± 5%. This uncertainty was associated with a mean signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 79:1 and 45:1 for the MAG H2 and H5 signals, respectively. For control subjects, gluconeogenesis contributed 54% ± 7% of GP as determined by the mean and standard deviation (SD) of individual Bayesian analyses. For the lean/normoglycemic KTx subjects, the gluconeogenic contribution to GP was 62% ± 7% (P = 0.06 vs. controls), while hyperglycemic/obese KTx patients had a gluconeogenic contribution of 68% ± 3% (P < 0.005 vs. controls). These data suggest that in KTx patients, an increased gluconeogenic contribution to GP is strongly associated with obesity and hyperglycemia. Magn Reson Med 60:517–523, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.