Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attenuation and source properties at the Coso Geothermal Area, California

We use a multiple-empirical Green's function method to determine source properties of small (M −0.4 to 1.3) earthquakes and P- and S-wave attenuation at the Coso Geothermal Field, California. Source properties of a previously identified set of clustered events from the Coso geothermal region are first analyzed using an empirical Green's function (EGF) method. Stress-drop values of at least 0.5-1 MPa are inferred for all of the events; in many cases, the corner frequency is outside the usable bandwidth, and the stress drop can only be constrained as being higher than 3 MPa. P- and S-wave stress-drop estimates are identical to the resolution limits of the data. These results are indistinguishable from numerous EGF studies of M 2-5 earthquakes, suggesting a similarity in rupture processes that extends to events that are both tiny and induced, providing further support for Byerlee's Law. Whole-path Q estimates for P and S waves are determined using the multiple-empirical Green's function (MEGF) method of Hough (1997), whereby spectra from clusters of colocated events at a given station are inverted for a single attenuation parameter, κ, with source parameters constrained from EGF analysis. The κ estimates, which we infer to be resolved to within 0.01 sec or better, exhibit almost as much scatter as a function of hypocentral distance as do values from previous single-spectrum studies for which much higher uncertainties in individual κ estimates are expected. The variability in κ estimates determined here therefore suggests real lateral variability in Q structure. Although the ray-path coverage is too sparse to yield a complete three-dimensional attenuation tomographic image, we invert the inferred κ value for three-dimensional structure using a damped least-squares method, and the results do reveal significant lateral variability in Q structure. The inferred attenuation variability corresponds to the heat-flow variations within the geothermal region. A central low-Q region corresponds well with the central high-heat flow region; additional detailed structure is also suggested.
Dietary fat reduction behaviors in college students: relationship to dieting status, gender and key psychosocial variables

The primary objectives were to assess dietary fat reduction/avoidance behaviors within a sample of college students, and to assess the strength of the relationship between self reported fat avoidance and a number of variables including body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, and responses to the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). A total of 210 female and 114 male undergraduate students were administered a food habits questionnaire (which assessed four dietary fat reduction behaviors), the EDI, the dieting subscale of the EAT, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Measured heights and weights were used to compute BMI. Thirty-eight percent of the females and 13% of the males reported that they had dieted with the express purpose of losing weight in the past 12 months. The finding that females in general and female dieters in particular, scored higher on the EAT dieting subscale, and relied on three of the four dietary fat reduction behaviors to a greater extent than did males, supports the assertion that women rely heavily on dietary fat avoidance as a method to reduce caloric intakes. In females, the finding that a greater degree of fat avoidance was associated with significantly lower levels of self-esteem and higher scores on the EAT and on six of the eight EDI subscales suggested that fat avoidance may be a predictor of eating pathology and/or psychosocial problems in college-aged women.
Environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of pancreatic cancer: findings from a Canadian population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that tobacco is a well-recognized risk factor for pancreatic cancer, no study has yet reported on the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and this malignancy. We investigated the relationship between pancreatic cancer and childhood and adult exposure to ETS using a case-control study design. METHODS Our study population consisted of 583 pancreatic cancer cases and 4,813 population-based controls that were identified within 8 Canadian provinces between 1994 and 1997. Mail-out questionnaires were used to collect risk factor information and a lifetime residential and occupational history of exposure to ETS. RESULTS Among never smokers, those who were exposed to ETS both as a child and as an adult had an odds ratio of 1.21 (95% CI=0.60-2.44) relative to those with no exposure. For active smoking, when the referent group consisted of never smokers who had not been regularly exposed to ETS, the risk increases were more pronounced with an increased number of years of smoking, cigarette pack-years, years since quit smoking, and average number of cigarettes smoked daily. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results are suggestive of a weak association between pancreatic cancer and ETS. Perhaps more importantly, they suggest that ETS smoking exposures may confound the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with active smoking measures commonly used in epidemiologic studies.
Stability of housekeeping genes and expression of locally produced growth factors and hormone receptors in goat preantral follicles

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate the stability of six housekeeping genes, and the relative expression of growth factors (EGF, GDF-9, BMP-15, VEGF, FGF-2, BMP-6, IGF-1 and KL) and hormone receptors (FSH, LH and GH) in goat preantral follicles. To evaluate to stability of housekeeping genes micro-dissected fresh follicles (150–200 μm) as well as follicles that have been in vitro cultured for 12 days were used. In addition, isolated fresh follicles were used to compare expression of various growth factors and hormone receptors before culture. Both fresh and cultured follicles were subjected to total RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA. After amplification of cDNA by real-time PCR, the geNorm software program was used to evaluate the stability of glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-tubulin, β-actin, phosphoglycerokinase (PGK), 18S rRNA, ubiquitin (UBQ) and ribosomal protein 19 (RPL-19). In addition, follicular steady-state levels of mRNA from the various growth factors under study were compared. Results demonstrated that, in goat preantral follicles, UBQ and β-actin were the most suitable reference genes and thus could be used as parameters to normalize data from future in vitro studies. In contrast, 18S RNA appeared the least stable gene among the tested housekeeping genes. Analysis of mRNA for several hypophyseal hormone receptors in fresh preantral follicles showed significantly higher FSH-R mRNA levels than those of LH-R and GH-R, and no difference between GH-R and LH-R mRNA levels. In regard growth factor mRNA expression in goat preantral follicles, EGF mRNA levels appeared significantly lower than those of the other studied growth factors. Increasingly higher relative mRNA levels were observed for GDF-9, BMP-15, BMP-6, FGF-2, VEGF, Kl and IGF-1, successively. In conclusion, UBQ and β-actin are the most stable housekeeping genes in fresh and 12-days cultured caprine preantral follicles. Furthermore, in fresh follicles, high levels of FSH-R mRNA are detected while among eight growth factors, IGF-1 is the most highly expressed and EGF the weakest expressed compound.
Internationalization of small Finnish food companies with Food from Finland as a supportive platform

This study was a qualitative interview study about the internationalization of six small Finnish food companies supported by the government funded Food from Finland program. Results from interviews were assessed theoretically. The main research questions were about internationalization and growth, market selection strategy, and Asia as potential marketplace. Internationalization was part of the growth strategy mainly because of the small and stagnant home market. The old family businesses had set a goal to find a new direction from the international marketplace and the new companies had been international since their inception. Investments and new labor were involved in export growth. The companies served multiple markets. Almost all of the companies had two or three main markets and multiple smaller ones. The market selection strategy was ambidextrous and thus not too focused on the main markets. Their initial markets were mainly culturally and geographically close countries like Sweden and Germany. The Asian markets were a new area of interest. All of the companies had either already exported or were amidst making export deals. The companies were aware of the difficulties of operating in Asia and thus they were in need of gathering the relevant market information and finding good long term partners. The Food from Finland program offered a wide array of events that were well received by the participating companies. Networking and combining the strength and learning of small, medium and large sized companies under joint fairs and product clusters, combined with market information provided for the participants created better opportunities for all and aided the growth of Finnish food exports as a whole.
Cord entanglement of monochorionic diamniotic twins following spontaneous antepartum septostomy sonographically simulating a true knot of the umbilical cord

Spontaneous antepartum septostomy occurring in monochorionic diamniotic twins is extremely rare. We present a case in which prenatal sonography at 26 weeks' gestation depicted a monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation with concordant fetal growth and findings suggestive of a true knot of the umbilical cord. At Cesarean delivery at 34 weeks' gestation, spontaneous antepartum septostomy with entanglement of the two separate umbilical cords was noted. This case suggests that the differential diagnosis of findings considered consistent with a true knot of the umbilical cord in monochorionic diamniotic twin gestations, should include spontaneous antepartum septostomy and umbilical cord entanglement. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human and social capital explanations for R&D outcomes

This paper assesses the extent to which human capital (education, work experience, and training) and social capital (level of interconnectedness, relationship, and shared expectations with others) impact on research and development outcomes. Controlling for gender and type of industry, logistic regression analyses indicate that an individual's education level has a positive impact on patents/copyrights obtained, articles published/presented, and product/process improvements. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses show that an individual's level of interconnectedness with others has incremental impact over one's human capital in projects completed, internal technical reports generated, product/process improvements made, and products commercialized. Explanations for the incremental value of social capital are made in terms of Nahapiet and Ghoshal's structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions of social capital.
Effects of Azadirachtin on Beet Soilborne Pomovirus and Soil Biological Properties on Sugar Beet

Beet soilborne pomovirus (BSBV) is an important soilborne virus disease in growing areas of sugar beet. BSBV was transmitted by Polymyxa betae Keskin. Effects of azadirachtin on BSBV and soil biological properties were studied under a greenhouse. The presence of BSBV was tested in soil samples using bait plant test and triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA). The concentration of BSBV in sugar beet roots was significantly reduced by the application of azadirachtin to the soils. TAS-ELISA absorption values in 1.52, 3.04, and 7.60 ppm were lower than that 0.38 and 0.76 ppm of azadirachtin. Furthermore, in this study, it was determined the 0.38, 0.76, and 1.52 ppm doses of azadirachtin in soils had high amounts of soil biological properties (Cmic, BSR, DHA), while the 3.04 and 7.60 ppm doses had no statistical significance compared to the control treatments.
The Colors of Investors' Money: The Role of Institutional Investors Around the World

We study the role of institutional investors around the world using a comprehensive data set of equity holdings from 27 countries. We find that all institutional investors have a strong preference for the stock of large firms and firms with good governance, while foreign institutions tend to overweight firms that are cross-listed in the U.S. and members of the Morgan Stanley Capital International World Index. Firms with higher ownership by foreign and independent institutions have higher firm valuations, better operating performance, and lower capital expenditures. Our results indicate that foreign and independent institutions, with potentially fewer business ties to firms, are involved in monitoring corporations worldwide.
characteristics eﬀects on Islamic banks’ performance: Evidence from Malaysia

Purpose: Islamic banks (IBs) must stay Shari’ah compliant to enhance their customer loyalty and obtain a competitive edge. Given the performance of Shari’ah supervisory board (SSB) continues to be a matter of concern especially for IBs across countries that have a diﬀerent regulatory environment, the purpose of this paper is to examine the eﬀects of SSB characteristics on IBs’ performance in Malaysia being a country that applies the most extreme intervention of regulatory agencies (pro-active model). Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 15 Malaysian IBs is used to test the study hypotheses for the period from 2008 to 2015 using the Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Findings: The results reveal strong support for a signiﬁcant association between SSB size, doctoral qualiﬁcation, change in the SSB composition and performance. In addition, the study supports the view that SSB with cross-membership and reputation is very important in improving the performance of IBs. Research limitations/implications: First, the paper focused only on Malaysia which adopts a pro-active model, and therefore, extending the investigation to include countries that adopt the diﬀerent models may provide a better view of the best Shari’ah governance (SG) practices for IBs. Second, there is a need for more empirical analysis regarding the optimal SSB size of IBs. Practical implications: This paper provides empirical evidence for regulators and policy makers in Malaysia, to understand how to enhance the performance of IBs using SG. Furthermore, marketers of Malaysian IBs should focus on SG practices as an important element for attracting Muslim customers, especially as there is a lack in this aspect. Originality/value: To date, it seems there is no empirical study that has examined to what extent the impact of SSB characteristics on IBs performance can be aﬀected by the degree of agencies intervention, whether extreme or slight. Malaysia has been chosen as the only country that adopts the most extreme model. © 2018, Emerald Publishing
PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN PERUSAHAAN BATUBARA DI BEI

ABSTRACT Dividend policy is an issue which is commonly experienced by go public company because of the conflict of interests between the company and stockholders i.e. to meet the expectation of stockholders to dividends and on the other hand, it does not have to resist the growth of the company. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of debt to equity ratio, cash position, and return on assets to the dividend payout ratio by analyzing of financial statement in 5 years which has been prepared by the sub sector of coal mining companies. The population of this research is 23 coal mining companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample collection method has been done by using purposive sampling, and the result of the sample collection has obtained three coal mining companies in 2011-2015 periods. The analysis has been carried out by using multiple regressions analysis and the SPSS (statistical product and service solution) 23.0 version. Based on the result of the research shows that debt to equity ratio has significant and negative influence to the dividend payout ratio, and cash position has significant and positive influence to the dividend payout ratio, return on assets does not have any significant and negative influence to the dividend payout ratio. Keywords: debt to equity ratio, cash position, and return on assets, dividend payout ratio
Elites: Evidence from the Swiss Case Cosmopolitan Capital and the Internationalization of the Field of Business

The aim of this contribution is to explore how the recent internationalization and the increasing importance of ‘cosmopolitan capital’ has impacted on the structure and character of the field of the Swiss business elite. For this purpose we will develop the notion of cosmopolitan capital and comparatively investigate the field of the Swiss business elite in 1980, 2000 and 2010 with multiple correspondence analysis. We can show that in this period international managers with transnational careers and networks not only grow in number, but come to conquer the apex of the biggest and highest capitalized Swiss firms. At the same time, national forms of capital decline in importance and Swiss managers themselves are differentiated increasingly into national and international fractions.
Grade differences in reading motivation among Hong Kong primary and secondary students.

BACKGROUND Most previous studies in Western societies have demonstrated a general decline in school motivation. However, it is not clear whether motivational decline occurs uniformly for all students. The moderating effects of individual and cultural differences on students' motivational decline need to be further explored. AIMS This study aimed to examine the grade differences in students' reading motivation, including self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and social motivation, in a Chinese educational context. Grade by gender and grade by school-average achievement interactions were also checked to explore the role of individual differences in students' motivational changes. SAMPLE A total of 1,794 students (860 boys and 934 girls) volunteered to take part in this study, of whom 648 were Grade 4-6 students from 11 primary schools, 627 were Grade 7-9 students from 12 junior secondary schools, and 519 Grade 10-11 students from 6 senior secondary schools. METHOD A Chinese version of the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (CRMQ) was administered to all participants during regular class periods by their teachers. Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were first undertaken to assess the psychometric quality of the CRMQ. Then, multisample CFA was conducted to examine whether the factor structure of the CRMQ was equivalent across students at different grade levels. Grade differences in various reading motivation constructs as well as grade x gender and grade x school-average achievement interactions were examined using multiple-indicator-multiple-causes modelling. RESULTS The findings of this study supported the reliability and the factor structure of the CRMQ in measuring the reading motivation of Chinese students at different grade levels. The factor pattern of the CRMQ was invariant across primary, junior secondary, and senior secondary students in multisample CFA. As far as the scores on the four reading motivation constructs were concerned, students scored most highly on intrinsic motivation, followed by self-efficacy, extrinsic motivation, and social motivation. Significant grade differences were found in all reading motivation constructs whereas only a few grade by gender and grade by school-average interactions were found. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous studies in Western countries, the findings suggest that motivational decline is also a common phenomenon among Chinese students in Hong Kong. In addition, the pattern of motivational differences is generally consistent among students with different genders and from schools with different achievement levels. The implications of these findings for understanding Chinese students' reading motivation and for planning effective reading instruction to enhance their motivation are discussed.
“It's Time to Take a Stand”: Depicting Crosshairs Can Indeed Promote Violence

There is abundant evidence that people derive meaning from signs (Krippendorff, 1989 Design Issues 5 9 – 39) and that signs influence attitudes (Landau et al, 2010 Psychological Bulletin 136 1045 – 1067). We put to a test whether the use of crosshairs in a map can be viewed as representing violence. In a fictive scenario describing a plague of foxes, members of a Dutch household panel were confronted with a map that showed inflicted areas either by crosshairs or by neutral markers (plain circles). Respondents indicated the extent to which they favoured two solutions: killing-by-shooting or capturing-and-relocating. The results show that crosshairs indeed shape people's attitudes more towards the violent solution of shooting the foxes. Therefore, especially when used in heated public debates, the possibly violence-inducing effect of such visual metaphors should not be underestimated.
Booklovers' world: An examination of factors affecting continued usage of social cataloging sites

Little is known about what factors influence users' continued use of social cataloging sites. This study therefore examines the impacts of key factors from theories of information systems (IS) success and sense of community (SOC) on users' continuance intention in the social cataloging context. Data collected from an online survey of 323 social cataloging users provide empirical support for the research model. The findings indicate that both information quality (IQ) and system quality (SQ) are significant predictors of satisfaction and SOC, which in turn lead to users' intentions to continue using these sites. In addition, SOC was found to affect continuance intention not only directly, but also indirectly through satisfaction. Theoretically, this study draws attention to a largely unexplored but essential area of research in the social cataloging literature and provides a fundamental basis to understand the determinants of continued social cataloging usage. From a managerial perspective, the findings suggest that social cataloging service providers should constantly focus their efforts on the quality control of their contents and system, and the enhancement of SOC among their users.
()--Tetrahydrocannabinol Antagonizes the Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor-mediated Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase (*)

(-)-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ((-)-Δ9-THC) is the major active psychotropic component of the marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa. The membrane proteins that have been found to bind this material or its derivatives have been called the cannabinoid receptors. Two GTP-binding protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors have been cloned. CB1 or the neuronal cannabinoid receptor is found mostly in neuronal cells and tissues while CB2 or the peripheral cannabinoid receptor has been detected in spleen and in several cells of the immune system. It has previously been shown that activation of CB1 or CB2 receptors by cannabinoid agonists inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity. Utilizing Chinese hamster ovary cells and COS cells transfected with the cannabinoid receptors we report that(-)-Δ9-THC binds to both receptors with similar affinity. However, in contrast to its capacity to serve as an agonist for the CB1 receptor, (-)-Δ9-THC was only able to induce a very slight inhibition of adenylyl cyclase at the CB2 receptor. Morever, (-)-Δ9-THC antagonizes the agonist-induced inhibition of adenylyl cyclase mediated by CB2. Therefore, we conclude that (-)-Δ9-THC constitutes a weak antagonist for the CB2 receptor.