Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elementos Fundamentales que Componen la Radio Cognitiva y Asignación de Bandas Espectrales

espanolSe describen los elementos fundamentales que componen la radio cognitiva y se analiza la asignacion de bandas espectrales. Dentro de los principales problemas en la insercion de nuevas aplicaciones y tecnologias inalambricas, esta la falta de espectro radioelectrico para su asignacion, debido a la manera ineficiente de distribucion del espectro radioelectrico disponible, que es actualmente asignado de forma estatica. La radio cognitiva nace como un metodo que propone una solucion a la problematica, gestionando dinamicamente el recurso. Una de las etapas que integran esta tecnologia es la decision de espectro, en la que se selecciona y asigna las bandas frecuenciales a partir de los requisitos de calidad de servicio de los usuarios cognitivos. Este articulo plantea una propuesta para el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigacion que optimice el proceso de seleccion de canales reduciendo el tiempo de asignacion para elevar su rendimiento. EnglishFundamental elements of the cognitive radio and assignment of spectral bands are described and analyzed. Among the main problems in the insertion of new applications and wireless technologies is the lack of radio spectrum for allocation due to the inefficient distribution of available radio spectrum, which is statically allocated at present. The cognitive radio paradigm was born as a method for proposing a solution to the problem, dynamically managing the resource. One of the stages that make up this technology is the decision of the spectrum that selects and allocates frequency bands based on quality of service requirements of the cognitive users. This article presents a proposal for the development of a research project that optimizes the selection of channel allocation by reducing the time to improve their performance
Clinical effectiveness of hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding

The introduction of intrauterine endoscopy has allowed clinicians to evaluate an area of the body that was previously accessible only by the procedure of blind dilation and curettage (D&C). Many studies have shown hysteroscopy to be superior to D&C, yet its use has yet to be appreciated adequately. The use of hysteroscopy has been most common in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. This study showed that the most common indication for hysteroscopy was abnormal uterine bleeding (98%). Hysteroscopy was performed successfully in 91% of cases and a complete view of the uterine cavity was obtained. Intrauterine pathology was diagnosed in 60%, the highest incidence being found in those between 40 and 60 years old (80%). The presence of endometrial polyps was the most common abnormality (27·3%; n =105), and increased with age to 20% in women over 60 years. Conversely the incidence of fibroids decreased with age; only 5% in women older than 60 years. Endometrial biopsy was performed in all patients and produced adequate tissue for histological examination in 50%. Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma was detected in 9·9%. Sixty-three women underwent a minor hysteroscopic procedure.
Development of attention functions in 5- to 11-year-old Arab children as measured by the German Test Battery of Attention Performance (KITAP): A pilot study from Syria

We administered the German Test-battery of Attention Performance (KITAP) to Arab children living in Syria (N = 143, 5–11 years) in order to assess the influence of age and gender on different dimensions of attention. The results demonstrate the validity of cross-cultural application of KITAP with Syrian school-aged children. The influence of age was more evident on speed of performance than on quality of performance, with rapid, general improvement until the age of 9 years. Some attention functions like alertness and inhibitory control seemed to be developed earlier than other functions like, flexibility, distractibility, and divided attention. Gender-related differences were observed in some subtests: Boys had faster reaction times but made more errors than girls. Interestingly, Arab-Syrian children showed better performance on some attention tests compared with German norms. The present study provides support for the use of cross-cultural studies for better understanding of the development of attention in school-aged children.
No role for Epstein-Barr virus in Dutch hepatocellular carcinoma: a study at the DNA, RNA and protein levels.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been suggested to play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, reports on detailed EBV transcript analyses in HCCs are limited. It was shown recently that expression of the transforming BARF1 (BamHI A rightward open reading frame 1) gene of EBV is restricted to latently EBV-infected epithelial malignancies, i.e. nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to test the presence of EBV in Dutch HCCs. A semiquantitative DNA PCR-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) for the BamHI W fragment of EBV was used to assess the presence of EBV in frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues of 16 HCCs. In addition, several RNA detection techniques, i.e. nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), RT-PCR, RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), were applied. Five of 16 HCCs and two of four hepatitis C virus hepatitis samples were weakly positive for EBV DNA by PCR-EIA. Using sensitive RNA transcription techniques, no transcripts were found for BARF1, EBNA-1 and BARTs (BamHI A rightward transcripts) in any of the liver tissues tested. In addition, RISH for EBER1/2 and BARTs and IHC for EBNA-1, LMP-1 and ZEBRA, performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue of the PCR-EIA-positive cases and on adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues, were negative. The absence of epithelial-specific BARF1 transcripts and other EBV transcripts and proteins in the EBV DNA PCR-positive cases argues strongly against a role for EBV in HCC.
KRAS mutation profile differences between rectosigmoid localized adenocarcinomas and colon adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer has a heterogeneous nature that is influenced by the tumour site. Many improvements have been made in identifying and characterizing the genetic alterations between colon and rectal cancers. However, there is not enough information about KRAS mutational differences between rectosigmoid and colon cancers arising elsewhere in the large bowel. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the frequency of KRAS genetic alterations between rectosigmoid cancers and colon cancers. METHODS Eighty-four patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue sections. KRAS mutation analysis which was designed to detect the seven most common KRAS gene mutations (Gly12Ala, Gly12Asp, Gly12Arg, Gly12Cys, Gly12Ser, Gly12Val and Gly13Asp) was performed. Chi-square test was used to test the association between mutation status and other variables. RESULTS This study represents the first KRAS mutational results from Turkish rectosigmoid cancer patients. The KRAS mutation frequency of rectosigmoid tumours is higher (34.3%, 12/35) than that of colon-localized tumours (30.6%, 15/49). However, there is no significant correlation between the KRAS mutation status and tumour location (rectosigmoid and colon). CONCLUSIONS KRAS mutation analysis has a predictive and prognostic value in identifying tumours that may be resistant to treatment. Our study shows that differences in the biological behaviour of rectosigmoid and colon cancers should be considered. This finding highlights the importance of personalized cancer management, which could be assisted by cancer genotyping tools.
Survival prediction and variable selection with simultaneous shrinkage and grouping priors

The presented work is motivated by the need of reliably estimating and predicting the survival rates for individuals diagnosed with cancer, when gene expression profiles are available for identifying molecular risks factors for cancer. The regression analysis of such data is challenged by three characteristics of data: (i) time‐to‐event outcome, (ii) high‐dimensional covariate space, and (iii) a group structure of genes. One strategy to simultaneously deal with all three of the aforementioned challenges is to build a penalized regression model using special penalty functions such as elastic net, fused lasso, and group lasso. To our knowledge, existing methods are sparse or non‐existent, however, when a Bayesian estimation/inference is the goal for the penalized regression models. In this article, we propose a Bayesian semi‐parametric framework for the regression analysis of gene expression data with survival outcomes. Our proposed Bayesian methods permit researchers to take advantage of numerous benefits including the ability to incorporate substantive prior information, the straightforward and automated quantification of uncertainty in prediction, and the prescriptive nature of computation. The performance of our proposed models for variable selection and prediction is thoroughly investigated through simulation studies, where we consider four scenarios based on different underlying group structures of covariates and covariate effects. The results generally show the satisfactory variable selection capability and predictability of our methods. Finally, we apply our proposed framework to three different gene expression data sets. We developed an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the implementation of our proposed framework and provided an easy‐to‐use R package.
Pregnancy Outcome in HIV Seropositive Women Booked at a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in South Eastern Nigeria

Background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic remains a major public health issue in developing countries with the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) being a key challenge. Various reports have been published on the effect of HIV on pregnancy with conflicting results. Objective: This was to determine the effect of HIV infection on pregnancy outcome among women booked for antenatal care at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi to provide a baseline for further studies. Methods: This is a retrospective study of cases of HIV in pregnancy managed between 1st January, 2006 and 31st December 2007, at NAUTH, Nnewi. Results: Out of a total of 2,960 pregnant women booked for ante-natal care within the study period and a seroprevalence rate of 10.5% was noted. Two hundred and fifty patients were included in the study. The majority, 170 (68%) of the patients were between 21-29 years and the majority also, 148 (59.2%) were of low parity (0-2). Only 181 (72.4%) of the patients had an entry CD4 count of = 500/ml. All the patients were on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) during the pregnancy. Maternal complications were encountered in 176 (70.4%) cases, anaemia being the commonest, 100 (40.0%). The commonest foetal complications were stillbirth, 26 (10.4%) and low birth weight 54 (21.6%). Sixty three (25.2%) of the women had puerperal complications. There was no maternal or perinatal death. Conclusion: The HIV sero-prevalence rate among pregnant women booked for antenatal care at NAUTH, Nnewi was high, but the effect of HIV on pregnancy was very minimal. Key words: pregnancy outcome, HIV sero-positive, booked women Afrimedic Journal 2010; 1(2): 28-33
Supplement to the revision of the genus Eremosaprinus Ross, 1939 (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Saprininae): new distributional data and description of a new species from Arizona, U.S.A.

Abstract A new species of the genus Eremosaprinus Ross, 1939, E. warneri, is described from southeastern Arizona, USA, and incorporated into the identification key for the genus. Description of the new species is supplemented with SEM micrographs and drawings of sensory structures of the antenna and male genitalia. New distribution data on four species, E. distinctus Lundgren, 1992, E. hubbardi (Wenzel, 1939), E. minimus Tishechkin & Lackner, 2012, and E. unguiculatus (Ross, 1939), are also provided.
The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Trans-plant

Foreword, by Larry D. ShinnIntroduction, by Edwin F. Bryant and Maria L. EkstrandPart 1. Krishna Consciousness in the Context of Hindu Theology 1. Krishna, the Intimate Deity, by Graham M. Schweig2. The History of Indic Monotheism and Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism: Some Reflections, by Neal Delmonico3. Hare Krishna Mahamantra: Gaudiya Vaishnava Practice and the Hindu Tradition of Sacred Sound, by Guy L. Beck4. Krishna in Mleccha desh: ISKCON Temple Worship in Historical Perspective, by Kenneth Valpey (Krishna Kshetra Das)Part 2. Bhaktivedanta Swami and His Predecessors 5. Who Is Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu? , by Steven J. Rosen (Satyaraja Das)6. Charismatic Renewal and Institutionalization in the History of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and the Gaudiya Math, by Jan Brzezinski7. Bhaktivinoda and Scriptural Literalism, by Shukavak N. Das8. The Guru, Mayavadins, and Women: Tracing the Origins of Selected Polemical Statements in the Work of A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami, by Ekkehard Lorenz9. Bhaktivedanta Swami's Preaching in the Context of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, by Paul H. SherbowPart 3. Post-Bhaktivedanta Controversies of Lineage 10. Cleaning House and Cleaning Hearts: Reform and Renewal in ISKCON, by William H. Deadwyler (Ravindra Svarupa Das)11. The Guardian of Devotion: Disappearance and Rejection of the Spiritual Master in ISKCON After 1977, by Swami Bhakti Bhavana Vishnu12. The No Change in ISKCON Paradigm, by Krishnakant Desai, Sunil Awatramani (Adridharan Das), and Madhu Pandit Das13. The "Routinization of Charisma" and the Charismatic: The Confrontation Between ISKCON and Narayana Maharaja, by Irvin H. CollinsPart 4. Heresies 14. Doctrinal Controversy and the Group Dynamic, by Conrad Joseph (Kundali Das)15. Heresy and the Jiva Debate, by Howard Resnick (Hridayananda Das Goswami)Part 5. Social Issues 16. Airports, Conflict, and Change in the Hare Krishna Movement, by E. Burke Rochford Jr.17. Healing the Heart of ISKCON: The Place of Women, by Kim Knott18. Life as a Woman on Watseka Avenue: Personal Story I, by Nori J. Muster19. Child Abuse and the Hare Krishnas: History and Response, by David Wolf20. Fifteen Years Later: A Critique of Gurukula: Personal Story II, by Gabriel Deadwyler (Yudhishthira Das)21. Race, Monarchy, and Gender: Bhaktivedanta Swami's Social Experiment, by Ekkehard LorenzPart 6. Reevaluations 22. On Leaving ISKCON: Personal Story III, by Steven J. Gelberg23. On Staying in ISKCON: Personal Story IV, by Michael Grant (Mukunda Goswami) and Anuttama Das Adhikari24. Re-Visioning ISKCON: Constructive Theologizing for Reform and Renewal, by Thomas Herzig (Tamal Krishna Goswami) and Kenneth Valpey (Krishna Kshetra Das)Concluding Reflections, by Edwin F. Bryant and Maria L. Ekstrand
Training of providers in embryo transfer: what is the minimum number of transfers required for proficiency?

BACKGROUND Embryo transfer represents one of the most critical procedures in the practice of assisted reproduction. The objective of this study was to identify retrospectively the minimum number of embryo transfers required to train providers properly in this skill. METHODS AND RESULTS The study group consisted of 204 patients who received embryo transfers between January 1996 and March 2000 in a university-based programme of assisted reproduction. The main outcome measure was clinical pregnancies per embryo transfer. Five Fellow trainees performed a total of 204 embryo transfers for an overall pregnancy rate of 45.5% per embryo transfer (93/204). In comparison, the programme pregnancy rate per transfer for experienced providers was 47.3% (560/1179). A chronological graph of each individual trainee's experience for the first 50 embryo transfers performed suggested a lower initial pregnancy rate for three of the five trainees. To determine whether a learning curve might exist, results of the first 25 transfers were compared as a subgroup with the second 25 transfers. Pregnancy rates were lower for the 1-25 transfer subgroup than in the 26-50 subgroup for three of the five Fellow trainees, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Clinical pregnancy rates of Fellows-in-training were indistinguishable statistically from those of experienced staff by 50 transfers.
A Machine Learning Model to Predict the Onset of Alzheimer Disease using Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Biomarkers

Clinical studies in the past have shown that the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) initiates, 10 to 15 years before the visible clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment starts to appear in AD diagnosed patients. Therefore, early diagnosis of the AD using potential early stage cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers will be valuable in designing a clinical trial and proper care of AD patients. Therefore, the goal of our study was to generate a classification model to predict earlier stages of the AD using specific early-stage CSF biomarkers obtained from a clinical Alzheimer dataset. The dataset was segmented into variable sizes and classification models based on three machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), Naive Bayes (NB), and J48 were generated. The efficacy of the models to accurately predict the cognitive impairment status was evaluated and compared using various model performance parameters available in Weka software tool. The current findings show that J48 based classification model can be effectively employed for classifying cognitive impaired Alzheimer patient from normal healthy individuals with an accuracy of 98.82%, area under curve (AUC) value of 0.992 and sensitivity & specificity of 99.19% and 97.87%, respectively. The sample size (60% training and 40% independent test data) showed significant improvement in T-test with J48 algorithm when compared with other classifiers tested on Alzheimer dataset.
Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals non-NMDA receptors in developing rat taste buds

Non-NMDA type glutamate receptors are present in rat taste buds. However, the function of those receptors is not yet known. Developmental changes in the glutamate receptors in taste cells may provide clues to their functional role. We used a cobalt staining technique to determine at which stage in development functional non-NMDA glutamate receptors first appeared. Cobalt-stained taste bud cells first appeared in 20- day-old rats. The number of cobalt-stained cells increased with age and reached a maximum at 45 days. The shape of stained cells looked similar at all age groups. Cobalt-labeled cells appeared to be correlated with synaptic, not taste, glutamate receptors.
Effect of von Willebrand factor on inhibitor eradication in patients with severe haemophilia A: a systematic review

This systematic review was designed to summarize the reported valid quantitative evidence on the association between use of von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐containing Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates and successful immune tolerance induction (ITI) in patients with severe haemophilia A. The primary outcome was successful ITI; secondary outcomes were time to success, complications of the inhibitor or ITI and relapse of the inhibitor. A systematic literature search identified 26 randomized controlled trials, registries and cohort studies, evaluating a total of 1284 patients. For a pooled meta‐analysis, 13 studies evaluating 382 patients were included. Due to incomplete data we were not able to assign pre‐ITI risk categories to all patients for risk factor analysis. The meta‐analysis did not demonstrate a difference in the proportion of patients with successful inhibitor eradication between those treated with VWF‐containing products and those treated with FVIII concentrates devoid of VWF (relative risk [RR] 0·70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0·52–0·89) and 0·84 (95% CI 0·75–0·93) respectively). Bleeding rate during ITI ranged from 0·00 to 0·85 bleeding episodes per year. The proportion of patients with a relapse of the inhibitor (range 0–20%) was mentioned in four studies that were included in the meta‐analysis. The results of this systematic review do not support the idea of a positive effect of VWF‐containing products in ITI.
Variational and PDE-based methods for big data analysis, classification and image processing using graphs

We present several graph-based algorithms for image processing and classification of high- dimensional data. The first (semi-supervised) method uses a graph adaptation of the classical numerical Merriman-Bence-Osher (MBO) scheme, and can be extended to the multiclass case via the Gibbs simplex. We show examples of the application of the algorithm in the areas of image inpainting (both binary and grayscale), image segmentation and classification on benchmark data sets. We have also applied this algorithm to the problem of object detection using hyperspectral video sequences as a data set. In addition, a second related model is introduced. It uses a diffuse interface model based on the Ginzburg-Landau functional, related to total variation compressed sensing and image processing. A multiclass extension is introduced using the Gibbs simplex, with the functional’s double-well potential modified to handle the multiclass case. The version minimizes the functional using a convex splitting numerical scheme. In our computations, we make use of fast numerical solvers for finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian, and take advantage of the sparsity of the matrix. Experiments on benchmark data sets show that our models produce results that are comparable with or outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms. The second (semi-supervised) method develops a global minimization framework for binary classification of high-dimensional data. It combines recent convex optimization methods for image processing with recent graph based variational models for data segmentation. Two convex splitting algorithms are proposed, where graph-based PDE techniques are used to solve some of the subproblems. It is shown that global minimizers can be guaranteed for semi-supervised segmentation with two regions. If constraints on the volume of the regions are incorporated, global minimizers cannot be guaranteed, but can often be obtained in practice and otherwise be closely approximated. We perform a thorough comparison to recent MBO (Merriman-Bence-Osher) and phase field methods, and show the advantage of the proposed algorithms. Lastly, we present the current work (unsupervised method) related to normalized cuts. The method uses a clever alternative to the normalized cut to solve the binary classification problem. In particular, we work with the Ginzburg-Landau functional. In addition, we use a generalized graphical framework, so several different graph Laplacians are tested and their results are compared.