Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whole grain health claims in the USA and other efforts to increase whole-grain consumption*

In response to the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, the Food and Drug Administration approved seven health claims that addressed the relationship between broad food categories and risk of certain chronic diseases. These claims are based on scientific consensus that includes epidemiological, animal and clinical research. The Food and Drug Administration also established a process to petition for new health claims that address substance-disease relationships supported by adequate scientific and specific regulatory requirements. The whole grain-cancer and heart disease authoritative statement health claim approved in July 1999 followed a completely different process mandated by the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997. It is based on an authoritative statement made by a government body that represents scientific consensus and is supported by other scientific agencies and organizations. The scientific basis for the claim published in Diet and Health reflects a comprehensive and deliberative review of epidemiological, animal and human studies by the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Diet and Health. Health claims used on whole-grain products can attract the attention of health-conscious consumers and are important tools in communicating health messages. However, the US public consumes substantially fewer whole-grain servings than recommended by US dietary guidance. Reasons given by consumers for not purchasing whole-grain foods include colour, price, softness, texture, moisture content and taste. Developing tastier value-added whole-grain foods along with simple coordinated messages from industry, the scientific community, public health experts and government will help consumers identify, purchase and consume more whole-grain products.
Hardening Techniques for MRAM-Based Nonvolatile Latches and Logic

Magnetic RAM (MRAM) is considered as a promising nonvolatile memory technology for aerospace and avionic electronics thanks to its intrinsic hardness to radiation. Data is stored on the spin direction “up” and “down” of electrons instead of positive and negative charge. Thanks to its fast speed, easy integration with CMOS and infinite endurance, MRAM has been proposed to build up nonvolatile latches and logic circuits to overcome the power challenge of conventional CMOS circuits. However, they are vulnerable to single event effects (SEE) due to their CMOS peripheral circuits. Hardening techniques to mitigate SEE are described in this paper. A new design of Radhard MRAM latch is firstly presented. TMR technique is then implemented on configurable logic block (CLB) to mitigate SET on data paths. By using 65 nm design kit and an MRAM compact model, hybrid simulations have been done to demonstrate the radiation hardness and performance.
Crystal Structure and NMR Binding Reveal That Two Small Molecule Antagonists Target the High Affinity Ephrin-binding Channel of the EphA4 Receptor*

The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes not only during development but also in adult organs, and therefore they represent a promising class of drug targets. The EphA4 receptor plays important roles in the inhibition of the regeneration of injured axons, synaptic plasticity, platelet aggregation, and likely in certain types of cancer. Here we report the first crystal structure of the EphA4 ligand-binding domain, which adopts the same jellyroll β-sandwich architecture as shown previously for EphB2 and EphB4. The similarity with EphB receptors is high in the core β-stranded regions, whereas large variations exist in the loops, particularly the D-E and J-K loops, which form the high affinity ephrin binding channel. We also used isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, and computational docking to characterize the binding to EphA4 of two small molecules, 4- and 5-(2,5 dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid which antagonize ephrin-induced effects in EphA4-expressing cells. We show that the two molecules bind to the EphA4 ligand-binding domain with Kd values of 20.4 and 26.4 μm, respectively. NMR heteronuclear single quantum coherence titrations revealed that upon binding, both molecules significantly perturb EphA4 residues Ile31-Met32 in the D-E loop, Gln43 in the E β-strand, and Ile131-Gly132 in the J-K loop. Molecular docking shows that they can occupy a cavity in the high affinity ephrin binding channel of EphA4 in a similar manner, by interacting mainly with the EphA4 residues in the E strand and D-E and J-K loops. However, many of the interactions observed in Eph receptor-ephrin complexes are absent, which is consistent with the small size of the two molecules and may account for their relatively weak binding affinity. Thus, our studies provide the first published structure of the ligand-binding domain of an EphA receptor of the A subclass. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the high affinity ephrin binding channel of the Eph receptors is amenable to targeting with small molecule antagonists and suggest avenues for further optimization.
Arsenite binding to synthetic peptides: The effect of increasing length between two cysteines

We utilized radioactive 73As‐labeled arsenite and vacuum filtration methodology to determine the binding affinity of arsenite to eight synthetic peptides ranging from 13 to 24 amino acids long and containing one or two cysteines separated by 0–17 intervening amino acids. Six of the eight peptides were highly similar in amino acid sequence and were based on cysteine containing regions of the hormone‐binding site of the human estrogen receptor‐alpha (e.g., the sequence of peptide 28 is LEGAWCGKGVEGTEHLYSMKCKNV). The peptides with 0–14 intervening amino acids between two cysteines bound arsenite with Kd values of 2.7–20.1 uM and with Bmax values from 36 to 103 nmol/mg protein (from 0.083 to 0.19 nmol/nmol of protein). Thus, increasing the number of intervening amino acids from 0 to 14 made very little difference in the observed Kd values for arsenite, a surprising finding. Therefore, these peptides are flexible in solution and effectively contain a dithiol high affinity binding site for arsenite. Peptide 17 with two C separated by 19 amino acids bound arsenite with a Kd of 123 uM and a Bmax of 41.8 nmol/mg. The monothiol peptide 19 bound arsenite with a Kd of 124 uM and a Bmax of 26 nmol/mg protein. All experi‐ mental binding curves fit well to a one site binding model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. * This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:35–38, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20112
Baicalein induces apoptosis in SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells via a Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial pathway.

BACKGROUND The effects of baicalein on SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells were examined to better understand its effect on apoptosis and associated possible signal pathways in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoplasmic Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 activity were analyzed using the flow cytometric assay. Apoptosis-associated proteins, such as p53, BAX, BCL-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and -9, EndoG and AIF were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that baicalein promoted the levels of p53, BAX, cytochrome c, capase-3 and -9 and reduced the level of BCL-2, which were associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death of SCC-4 cells. A release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol was demonstrated and an activation of caspase-3, which led to the occurrence of apoptosis in SCC-4 cells treated with baicalein as determined by Western blot. In order to understand the role of Ca2+ in the induction of apoptosis, cells were pre-treated with BAPTA (intracellular calcium chelator) and baicalein. It was shown that the MMP was restored, and the level of cytoplasmic Ca2+ suppressed, the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis was also markedly diminished. Our data suggest that cellular Ca2+ modulates baicalein-induced cell death via a Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial death pathway in SCC-4 cells.
SAW filters based on parallel-connected coupled resonator filters with offset frequencies

The concept of coupled resonators is applied to synthesize surface acoustic wave filters. Employing two parallel-connected filter tracks, with a frequency shift imposed between them, a wide passband with low insertion loss together with well-controlled rejections is achieved. The operation of the two-track device is based on the mutual interaction of the individual transfer functions for the pair of tracks. Each track serves to contribute a part of the passband, enabling a wide band. Outside of the pass-band, the signals passing through the two channels may cancel each other, thus facilitating efficient control over the rejections. However, obtaining rejection stopbands at just the predetermined frequencies requires precise values for the materials parameters and a reliable fabrication process. Prototype devices fabricated with this approach are demonstrated both on quartz and, for the first time, on 42deg-LiTaO3. Results for two-track devices having either two or three transducers per track and operating either single-ended or with a balanced output are presented. The devices are designed employing the coupling-of-modes model and transmission-matrix approach, and the separate tracks are optimized simultaneously and independently. The center frequencies are 868 MHz and 1960 MHz. On quartz, a minimum insertion loss of 4 dB and a passband width of 0.23% are achieved at 868 MHz. On 42deg-LiTaO3, the corresponding figures of merit are 1.3 dB for minimum insertion loss and 4.1% bandwidth at 1960 MHz. The filters on 42deg-LiTaO3 also have remarkably flat passbands
Relationship between biochemical and clinical indices of B-vitamin deficiency. A study in rural school boys

1. A study amongst schoolboys in villages around Hyderabad, India, showed that almost all the boys had riboflavin deficiency, 61% had pyridoxine deficiency, and 9.4% had thiamin deficiency as judged by enzymic tests. 2. The prevalence of angular stomatitis was 41.3% and that of glossitis was 18.2%. Biochemical deficiency of riboflavin and pyridoxine was marginally higher in children with angular stomatitis with or without associated glossitis, than in children without oral lesions. 3. Treatment with B-complex vitamins (containing 4 mg riboflavin and 10 mg pyridoxine) daily for 1 month produced significant reduction in the prevalence of glossitis but had no effect on angular stomatitis. The latter responded to topical application of gentian violet. 4. Small but significant changes in erythrocyte enzymes occurred over the period of 1 month even without vitamin supplements. 5. Results suggest that while glossitis is a relatively early manifestation of riboflavin or pyridoxine deficiency or both, angular stomatitis has a more complex aetiology perhaps associated with infection.
Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous and oral administration.

Acyclovir pharmacokinetics has been extensively investigated during the various phases of clinical development. Most of the administered drug is eliminated from the body unchanged, via the kidneys by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. After intravenous dosing of patients with normal renal function, 8 to 14% of the dose is recovered in the urine as the metabolite 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine. Adequate distribution of acyclovir has been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid, vesicular fluid, vaginal secretions and tissues. The low plasma protein binding of acyclovir precludes drug interactions involving binding displacement. When intravenous doses in the range of 2.5 to 15 mg/kg were given every 8 h to adult patients, dose-independent kinetics was observed. Continuous infusions of acyclovir over an equivalent daily dose range have achieved predictable plasma levels. Acyclovir half-life (T1/2 beta) and total body clearance (Cltot) are influenced significantly by renal function, and dosage adjustments should be made for patients with impaired renal function. For patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance (Clcr) greater than 80 ml/min/1.73m2) mean T1/2 beta and Cltot were 2.5 h and 327 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. In children 1-year-old or older, Cltot normalized by body surface area was essentially the same as in adults with normal renal function, whereas Cltot for neonates was approximately one-third the adult value. In the adult population, age-related decreases in acyclovir Cltot reflect age-related changes in renal function; therefore dosage adjustments based on Clcr will compensate for age effects on acyclovir pharmacokinetics. After oral administration, the bioavailability of acyclovir was approximately 20%. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Executive Functions of Divers Are Selectively Impaired at 20-Meter Water Depth

Moving and acting underwater within recreational or occupational activities require intact executive functions, since they subserve higher cognitive functions such as successful self-regulation, coping with novel situations, and decision making; all of which could be influenced by nitrogen narcosis due to elevated partial pressure under water. However, specific executive functions that could provide a differentiated view on humans’ cognitive performance ability have not yet been systematically analyzed in full-water immersion, which is a research gap addressed within this approach to contribute to a better understanding of nitrogen narcosis. In this study, 20 young, healthy, and certified recreational divers participated and performed three different executive-function tests: the Stroop test (Inhibition), the Number/Letter test (Task switching), the 2-back test (Updating/Working memory), and a simple reaction time test (Psychomotor performance). These tests were performed once on land, at 5-meter (m) water depth, and at 20-meter (m) water depth of an indoor diving facility in standardized test conditions (26°C in all water depths). A water-proofed and fully operational tablet computer was used to present visual stimuli and to register reaction times. Performance of the simple reaction time test was not different between underwater and land testing, suggesting that reaction times were not biased by the utilization of the tablet in water immersion. Executive functions were not affected by the shallow water immersion of 5-m water depth. However, performance scores in 20-m water depth revealed a decreased performance in the incongruent test condition (i.e., an index of inhibitory control ability) of the Stroop test, while all other tests were unaffected. Even though only one out of the three tested cognitive domains was affected, the impairment of inhibitory control ability even in relatively shallow water of 20-m is a critical component that should be considered for diver’s safety, since inhibition is required in self-control requiring situations where impulsive and automatic behavior must be inhibited. Our interpretation of these selective impairments is based on a discussion suggesting that different neural networks within the central nervous system, which process specific executive functions, are affected differently by nitrogen narcosis.
The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test materials.

For many years communication engineers have used a psychophysical method called the "articulation test" (2, 3). An announcer reads lists :of syllables, words, or sentences to a group of listeners who report what they hear. The articulation score is the percentage of discrete test units reported correctly by the listeners. This method gives a quantitative evaluation of the performance of a speech communication system. There are three classes of variables involved in an articulation test: the personnel, talkers and listeners; the test materials, syllables, words, sen" tences, or continuous discourse; and the communication equipment, rooms, microphones, amplifiers, radios, earphones, etc. The present paper is ̂ directed toward the second of these three classes of variables, the test materials. The central concern can be stated as follows: Why is a stimulus configuration, a word, heard correctly in one context and incorrectly in another? Three kinds of contexts are explored: (a) context supplied by the knowledge that the test item is one of a small vocabulary of items, (b) context supplied by the items that precede or follow a given item in a word or sentence, and (c) context supplied by the knowl-
A Farnesyltransferase Acts to Inhibit Ectopic Neurite Formation in C. elegans

Genetic pathways that regulate nascent neurite formation play a critical role in neuronal morphogenesis. The core planar cell polarity components VANG-1/Van Gogh and PRKL-1/Prickle are involved in blocking inappropriate neurite formation in a subset of motor neurons in C. elegans. A genetic screen for mutants that display supernumerary neurites was performed to identify additional factors involved in this process. This screen identified mutations in fntb-1, the β subunit of farnesyltransferase. We show that fntb-1 is expressed in neurons and acts cell-autonomously to regulate neurite formation. Prickle proteins are known to be post-translationally modified by farnesylation at their C-terminal CAAX motifs. We show that PRKL-1 can be recruited to the plasma membrane in both a CAAX-dependent and CAAX-independent manner but that PRKL-1 can only inhibit neurite formation in a CAAX-dependent manner.
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome: Three further cases

We describe three patients with a syndrome comprising arched, thick eyebrows, hypertelorism, narrow palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge and tip, long philtrum, thin upper lip, stubby hands and feet, hirsutism, and severe psychomotor retardation. These patients expand the phenotype of the Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome and delineate it as an entity. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of the ultrasound examination in the early and late third trimester for the prediction of birth weight deviations

This study aimed to define the optimal gestational age in the third trimester, early (30–33 weeks + 6 days) versus late (34–37 weeks), for performing an ultrasound examination for fetal biometry to predict birth weight deviations: small for gestational age (SGA ≤ 5th centile) and large for gestational age (LGA ≥ 95th centile) neonates.
Prevalence, Stability, and Predictors of Clinically Significant Behavior Problems in Low Birth Weight Children at 3, 5, and 8 Years of Age

Objectives. To examine the prevalence, stability, and predictors of clinically significant behavior problems in 869 preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants at 3, 5, and 8 years of age. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Clinically significant behavior problems were assessed using dichotomized total problem Child Behavior Checklist scores in LBW children at ages 3, 5, and 8 years. Baseline sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected. Maternal General Health Questionnaire performed at 40 weeks' gestation was dichotomized at a score of 12 to give a measure of maternal psychological distress. Prevalence and stability of behavior problems at ages 3, 5, and 8 were determined and potential predictors of behavior problems at age 3, 5, and 8 were examined using multiple logistic regression. Results. Prevalence of behavior problems remained at ∼20% at 3, 5, and 8 years. Stability of behavior problems between different ages was ∼50%. Significant behavior problems at ages 3, 5, and 8 were predicted by maternal psychological distress at 40 weeks (odds ratio [OR]: 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–2.09), maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.20–2.04), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.24–3.24), and maternal age (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99). Conclusions. This sample had double the prevalence of behavior problems expected in the general child population. These problems showed stability over time. Cigarette smoking in pregnancy, maternal psychological distress at 40 weeks' gestation, maternal age, and Hispanic ethnicity all were significant predictors of the development of behavior problems from ages 3 to 8. These findings have implications for health policies on smoking and postnatal depression.
Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible

Known for their ease of use, artful presentation of scientific information, and evidence-based approach, James Duke’s comprehensive handbooks are the cornerstone in the library of almost every alternative and complementary medicine practitioner and ethnobotanist. Using the successful format of these bestselling handbooks, Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible covers 150 herbs that scholars speculate, based on citations, were used in Biblical times.
Mobile phone radiofrequency exposure has no effect on DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in human lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND The use of mobile phones has been associated with an increased risk of developing certain type of cancer, especially in long term users. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the potential genotoxic effect of mobile phone radiofrequency exposure on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. METHODS The study population consisted in 14 healthy volunteers. After collection of two whole blood samples, the former was placed in a plastic rack, 1 cm from the chassis of a commercial mobile phone (900 MHz carrier frequency), which was activated by a 30-min call. The second blood sample was instead maintained far from mobile phones or other RF sources. The influence of mobile phone RF on DNA integrity was assessed by analyzing γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes using immunofluorescence staining kit on AKLIDES. RESULTS No measure of γ-H2AX foci was significantly influenced by mobile phone RF exposure, nor mobile phone exposure was associated with significant risk of genetic damages in vitro (odds ratio comprised between 0.27 and 1.00). CONCLUSIONS The results of this experimental study demonstrate that exposure of human lymphocytes to a conventional 900 MHz RF emitted by a commercial mobile phone for 30 min does not significantly impact DNA integrity.
Changes of Joint Moments in the Gait of Normal Subjects Wearing Laterally Wedged Insoles

Kakihana W, Akai M, Yamasaki N, Takashima T, Nakazawa K: Changes of joint moments in the gait of normal subjects wearing laterally wedged insoles. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:273–278. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the kinematic and kinetic effects of wearing a laterally wedged insole on the knee joint moment during gait, specifically in the frontal plane, in normal healthy adults. Design Motion analyses were conducted with (1) a three-dimensional motion analysis system and (2) ground reaction force analysis using force platforms when subjects walked under three different insole conditions: no wedge, a low wedge with a 3-degree lateral angle, and a high wedge with a 6-degree lateral angle. Results The high-wedge insole significantly reduced the knee joint varus moment during gait compared with the gait with the no-wedge insole. The actual segment angles at the subtalar and knee joints did not show any changes due to insole conditions. In contrast, the subtalar joint valgus moment increased for the high-wedge insole. This finding was correlated with a greater moment arm of the subtalar joint valgus moment with the high-wedge insole. Conclusions These results indicate that, under dynamic conditions, the subjects wearing laterally wedged insoles had both changes of moments at the subtalar and knee joints via the more laterally shifted location of the center of pressure.