Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liposome encapsulation of antimicrobial extracts in pectin film for inhibition of food spoilage microorganisms.

The purpose of this research was to determine a suitable method to encapsulate antimicrobial extracts in liposome based on pectin film to inhibit food spoilage microorganisms. Clove oil, garlic oil and pomegranate extracts were selected to be used in the experiments. Their abilities to inhibit food spoilage microorganisms against Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 25619, E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 23564, Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 25923, Lactobacillus sp. TISTR 539 and Lactobacillus sake TISTR 890 was found to be significantly positive. For liposome preparation, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of lecithin to form liposome was 11 % w/w. Then emulsion of antimicrobial extracts was prepared using double emulsion method. Oil phase contained lecithin solution in ethanol and mixture of clove oil and garlic oil (weight ratio of clove oil to garlic oil = 1:1) while water phase contained pomegranate extract. The concentration of lecithin as varied to 12, 14 and 16 % w/w and ratio of lecithin solution to antimicrobial extracts was 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9. Then stability of the emulsions was examined. The results showed that the emulsion prepared with lecithin concentration of 12% and ratio of lecithin solution to antimicrobial extract of 1:6 gave the best stability and good inhibition. All prepared emulsions showed positive result for bacterial inhibition. Physical properties of pectin film were studied at different pectin concentrations (2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4% w/v) mixed with calcium chloride (3, 5, 7 and 10% w/v) and plasticizers (glycerol (GLY) and sorbitol (SOR) at concentration of 40, 50 and 60% of the weight of pectin into film mixture). The results showed that at pectin concentration 4% w/v with calcium chloride 3% w/v and using GLY 50% exhibited better physical properties (TS 19.09 MPa, %E 7.85%, WVP 6.49 μg/msPa) than other treatments. Then liposome with antimicrobial extracts was added into selected film condition at varied concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w). Antimicrobial effects of pectin film incorporated with the liposome showed no significant different (p≤0.05) in bacterial inhibition zone between liposome concentrations except those of 4 and 6 % w/w had highest inhibition zone against Lactobacillus sp. TISTR 539 and As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2009, 2(04), 817-838 818 Lactobacillus sake TISTR 890 significantly. The physical properties of pectin based film with antimicrobial liposome had following values; TS 18.18-15.25 MPa, %E 11.29-15.04%, WVP 8.55-11.0 μg/msPa, colour differential (∆E) 8.57-18.81 and film opacity 2.55-6.89 Au x nm/μm.
Promoting student learning by having college students participate in an online environment

Using data collected in spring 2009 from students at a southern research university enrolled in either of 2 sections of a general education course that fulfilled a social/behavioral sciences graduation requirement, the present study examined whether participating in online assignments enhanced students' satisfaction with those assignments and with their learning. Online assignments included chapter exams, video questions, and survey questions; they were due weekly. Additional online assignments were 2 threaded discussions over the semester. The study used subjective and objective measures of student learning. Overall results confirmed that having students participate in online assignments can promote student satisfaction and foster critical thinking and deep learning. Practice implications are briefly discussed. Student learning is a social construct that Schneider has argued is grounded in a 21st-century reinvention of the liberal educational ideal. That reinvented ideal calls for cultivating "intellectual judgment, social responsibility, and integrative learning" (2003, p. 3). Pursuing the ideal requires faculty to foster students' analytical capability through work on their critical thinking, problem solving, and application skills; by involving students with people from various cultural backgrounds in intercultural and community contexts; and through creation of structured opportunities to integrate knowledge from numerous disciplines and link theory to practice (Schneider, 2003). A general education course, Analysis of Social Problems, was completely redesigned, yielding a hybrid course in which both online resources and classroom-based collaborative learning activities were used to improve active learning and critical thinking (Garrison & Kanuka, 2004; Rovai & Jordan, 2004). In the hybrid course, moreover, emphasis was placed on learning processes as opposed to teaching processes; the learning environment was one in which evidence-based learning activities were used to move students gradually toward thinking critically (Bullen, 1998). Using data from students in two sections of the course in spring 2009, the present study examined whether and how online assignments given to these students were related to student learning. The study hypothesized that students' regular participation in developing answers to questions and solutions to problems in an online environment would be associated with attitudes relatively favorable to the assignments, which in turn would improve student learning.
On the Existence of a Sample Mean in Dynamic Time Warping Spaces

The concept of sample mean in dynamic time warping (DTW) spaces has been successfully applied to improve pattern recognition systems and generalize centroid-based clustering algorithms. Its existence has neither been proved nor challenged. This article presents sufficient conditions for existence of a sample mean in DTW spaces. The proposed result justifies prior work on approximate mean algorithms, sets the stage for constructing exact mean algorithms, and is a first step towards a statistical theory of DTW spaces.
The organization of basanite bifacial production at Giv’at Kipod Quarry, Israel: Towards an ‘Alyawara Day’ model of extraction

Hunter gatherers as well as farmers used a variety of lithic raw materials to shape their world, in which some were perceived as having symbolic or mythical content. While the anthropological literature demonstrates that the extraction of raw materials of special significance was often performed differently from that of other more 'ordinary' raw materials, identifying this in the archaeological record is difficult. In this paper we wish to shed new light on this topic using the Late Neolithic-Early Chalcolithic basanite bifacial tool production site of Giv‛at Kipod, Israel. In the southern Levant basalt axes and adzes have long been understood to embody greater symbolic content than the flint axes and adzes that dominate the Neolithic and Chalcolithic bifacial assemblages. By comparing the results from our excavations at the site of Giv‛at Kipod to other production and extraction sites we exhibit how the organization of production was different than that related to the more common flint extraction in the region. While at most production and extractions sites the manufacture of various types of items is documented and the presence of tools, especially ad hoc tools, indicates that a variety of activities were performed at the locale of extraction, in the case of Giv‛at Kipod the production was focused solely on the manufacture of bifacials with a marked lack of evidence of other significant activities. We attempt to provide guidelines to characterize different exploitation patterns between raw materials of varied social significance using these differences.
Caracterización morfoagronómica e isoenzimática de 23 accesiones de Leucaena spp.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorar el grado de diversidad existente en 23 accesiones de Leucaena , atendiendo a los caracteres morfoagronomicos e isoenzimaticos. Se incluyeron cinco especies de este genero ( L. leucocephala , L. lanceolata , L. diversifolia , L. macrophylla y L. esculenta ), ademas de los cultivares comerciales. Se evaluo: la altura de la planta, el numero de ramas, el grosor del tallo, el comportamiento de los patrones fenologicos de floracion y fructificacion, el numero de pinnas por hoja y de pinulas por pinna, entre otros. Se realizaron ademas los analisis electroforeticos peroxidasas ( Prx ),α- y s - esterasas ( Est ) , malato deshidrogenasa ( Mdh ) y alcohol deshidrogenasa ( Adh ). Las accesiones cumplieron con los criterios de seleccion predeterminados en cuanto a los caracteres morfoagronomicos, aunque no en el mismo tiempo. En este sentido, se destacaron L. leucocephala cv. Cunningham, cv. Peru, CIAT-9119, CIAT-9438, CIAT-751, CIAT-7988, CIAT-7384, CIAT-7929, CIAT-17480, cv. Ipil-Ipil y cv. CNIA-250; L. lanceolata CIAT-17255 y CIAT-17501, y L. diversifolia CIAT-17270. Se pudo detectar la existencia de variabilidad genetica dentro de la coleccion. Los sistemas isoenzimaticos (esterasas y peroxidasas) resultaron polimorficos en la muestra estudiada, principalmente las esterasas. Por otra parte, el analisis de diversidad genetica permitio diferenciar L. leucocephala con una mayor claridad respecto al resto de las especies estudiadas, aunque no se gano en discriminacion dentro de la especie.
Inner Aspect: The Articulation of VP

Introduction. -1.1 Aspect and Syntax.1. 2Inner Aspect.1. 3 Other Claims.1. 4 Some Consequences. 1.5 A Note of Methodology. - Inner Derived Objects. 2.1 Introduction.2. 2 Background. 2.3 Early Proposals. 2.4 Two Object Positions. 2.5 Objects Within the VP. 2.6 Conclusion. - Inner Aspect and Event. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Arguing for Inner Aspect. 3.3 Arguing for the Existence of Event. 3.4 Partial A-Movement. 3.5 Conclusion. - Event Structure and Phrase Structure. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Preparing the Ground. 4.3 Semantics in the Syntax. 4.4 The Syntax of Event Structure. 4.5 Language Variation. 4.6 Conclusion. - Interaction of Objects and Aspect. 5.1 The Interaction of Case and Aspect. 5.2 The Position of Incremental Themes. 5.3 Conclusion. - L-Syntax and S-Syntax. 6.1 Background. 6.2 Causatives. 6.3. Empty Anaphors in Tagalog. 6.4 Where and What is L-Syntax? 6.5 L-Syntax and the Lexicon. 6.6 Summary. 6.7 Discontinuous Lexical Items. 6.8 The Lexicon and Lexical Categories. 6.9 Conclusion. - The Syntax of Achievements.7. 1 Introduction. 7.2 The Semantic Problem. 7.3 The Shape of Achievements.7. 4External Arguments and LCS.7. 5 Conclusion. - Bounds and Coercion. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Endpoints. 8.3 Null Telic Morphemes and Lexical Entries. 8.4 Coercion and Selection. 8.5 Viewpoint vs. Situation Aspect. 8.6 Conclusion. - Conclusion. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Lexical vs Functional. 9.3 Lexical Entries and Idioms. 9.4 Theta Roles and Aspectual Roles. 9.5 The Nature of Coercion. 9.6 Further Questions. - References
Transversal Shear Effect in Moderately Thick Shells from Materials with Characteristics Dependent on the Kind of Stress State under Creep-Damage Conditions: Numerical Modeling

The applications of earlier proposed refined theory of creep deformation and creep damage in moderately thick shells of revolution which accounts for transversal shears and additionally for nonlinear distribution over its thickness of the components of the strain tensor as well as of the angles of the normal element rotation are discussed. The first part of the present paper is devoted to the comparison of the predictions of the refined shell theory under discussion against predictions of other kinematic models existing in the literature as well as against the experimental creep data available for the moderately thick shell. The final part of the present paper demonstrates transversal shear effect in connection with effect of nonlinear distribution over shell thickness of the strains as well as of the angles of the normal element rotation in thick circular plate from a material with characteristics dependent on the kind of stress state.
PROMISING PERFORMANCE OF THE Nb/Cu CLAD SEAMLESS SUPERCONDUCTING RF CAVITIES

For future large applications of superconducting RF cavities, one has to fabricate cost-effective cavities with high electric-field gradients. We have proposed the fabrication of L-band seamless cavities from Nb/Cu clad material in order to eliminate the electron beam welding process. A feasibility study on the fabrication of 1.3 GHz Nb/Cu Clad single cell cavities from the clad sheet material was done. Three single cell Nb/Cu clad seamless cavities were fabricated by the collaboration with INFNLNL in Italy. In this paper, cold test results of seamless type cavities obtained by the spinning method are presented. The best performance of the cavities was Eacc = 25.1 MV/m with Qo=2.5X10 10 at a temperature of 1.4 K, which is very promising.
The Problems of Novice Classroom Teachers having Regular and Alternative Certificates

The purposes of this study are to understand the problems of classroom teachers in their first three years of teaching, and to scrutinize whether these problems differ according to having regular or alternative teacher certification. The sample of this study was 275 Classroom Teachers in the Public Elementary Schools in districts of Ordu, Samsun, and Sinop in the Black Sea region. The data gathered through the questionnaire were subject to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results of the study indicate that there was a significant difference between alternative certification teachers and regular education teachers; area they graduated from, age, and time of graduation, however, gender, city, and type of classroom do not have an effect on problems that teachers experienced.
The Relationship between Profits and Dividend Payout of Commercial Banks in Kenya

This study analyzed the relationship between profits and dividend payout of commercial banks in Kenya. The research was based on the ten commercial banks consistently listed at the NSE for the five-year period from 2008 to 2012 inclusive. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used to determine the relationship between dividend payout and profits. The key finding of the study is that there is a strong positive relationship between profits and dividend payout. This study is consistent with empirical findings of Abdi (2010) who found that dividend payout positively correlate with future profits of companies though the relationship is low. Keywords: Profits, Dividend Payout, Dividend Irrelevance Theory, Dividend Preference Theory, Tax Effect Theory, Clientele Effect Theory, Information Content Theory and the Agency Cost and Free Cash Flow Hypothesis.
A study on demographic and clinical profile of children with extra hepatic portal venous obstruction and with special reference to thrombophilic factors

Background: Extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) due to portal vein thrombosis is an important cause of portal hypertension in several region including India. The cause of thrombosis in these patients remains unclear. Objective of the study was to study the demographic features, etiology, clinical, laboratory findings with special reference to thrombophilic factors like protein C, protein S and antithrombin III deficiency in children with EHPVO . Methods: The prospective analysis of 62 patients of EHPVO (<14 years of age) was done in the Department of Hepatology, SCB medical College, Cuttack. After detailed history, clinical examination, Ultrasound abdomen /color Doppler and Upper GI endoscopy, the subjects were analyzed for any deficiency of thrombophilic factors like protein C, protein S and antithrombin III. Results: A total of 62 patients (37 Male, 25 Female) with mean age of 8.3+3.1 years were studied. Growth retardation was present in the form of wasting (alone) 20.9%, stunting (alone) 25.8% and both wasting and stunting was found in 9.8% cases. History of neonatal, umbilical sepsis and umbilical vein catheterization was found in 15.9% and 10.2% of cases respectively. Haemorrhage from oesophageal varices was prevalent symptoms in 85.9% patients. Splenomegaly was found in 91.9% patients and ascites in 9.4% patients. 47 patients studied for protein C, S and antithromibin III. 14 patients were found to have thrombophilia: protein C deficiency in 9, protein S deficiency in 8, Antithrombin III deficiency in 6 . Conclusions: The etiology of EHPVO in the majority of patients remain still unclear. It is commonly associated impaired somatic growth. The risk of EHPVO increases in the presence of thrombophilia, resulting from deficiency of naturally occurring anticoagulant proteins like Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin III.
The determinants of spending by biltong hunters

According to a national survey conducted in 2005, biltong hunters contribute significantly to conservation and the South African economy. This research indicated that the economic contribution of biltong hunting is just over R3 billion (US$ 500 million) per season. The aim of this article is to establish the determinants of biltong hunters’ spending in South Africa. This information could be used to increase spending by biltong hunters on tailor-made packages. The sample population included all members of the SA Hunters and Game Conservation Association. A regression analysis was undertaken to identify the determinants of spending by biltong hunters. The main findings of the research indicated that income, number of game items hunted, number of days spent hunting and distance travelled are the main determinants.
reign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: new evidence from Latin America

This paper explores the interplay between economic freedom, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth using panel data analysis for a sample of 18 Latin American countries for 1970– 1999. We find that economic freedom in the host country is a positive determinant of FDI inflows. Our results also suggest that foreign direct investment is positively correlated with economic growth in the host countries. The host country requires, however, adequate human capital, economic stability and liberalized markets to benefit from long-term capital flows. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: O40
Partial transport of a sand/gravel sediment

Grains of a single size within a mixed‐size bed are entrained over a range of flows. Within this range some grains exposed on the bed surface are active (entrained at least once over the duration of a transport event), while the remaining surface grains are immobile, a condition we define as partial transport. We demonstrate the existence and domain of partial transport using observations of grain entrainment on time series of bed photographs of flume experiments with a widely sorted sand/gravel mixture. The active proportion of the bed surface increases with bed shear stress τ0. At a given τ0, 90% of the active grains are entrained when the cumulative mass transported exceeds approximately 4 times the active mass on the bed. Mobilization of grains in a size fraction increases from 10% to 90% over a range of τ0 of a factor of 2. The bounds of this range increase with grain size Di so that at a given τ0, sizes over a range of a factor of 4 are in a state of partial transport. Fractional transport rates are independent of Di for fully mobilized fractions and decrease rapidly with Di for partially mobile fractions. Partial transport is associated with substantial transport rates of finer, fully mobile sizes, limits both the rate and size distribution of grain exchange with the bed subsurface, and may be the dominant transport condition in many gravel‐bed rivers.
Limit Theory for Dating the Origination and Collapse of Mildly Explosive Periods in Time Series Data

Some limit theory is developed for estimators suggested in Phillips, Wu and Yu (2009) for dating bubble pheonoma in time series data. The models involve mildly explosive autoregressions and the tests rely on right sided recursive unit root tests. The estimates locate the origination and collapse dates of bubbles involving mildly explosive episodes set within longer periods where the data evolve as a stochastic trend. The dating estimators are shown to be consistent under mild regularity conditions on the process. Some simulation evidence on the performance of the estimators is reported. The proposed method works well in nite samples and conforms with the limit theory. Keywords: Bubble, Date stamping, Explosive behavior, Mildly explosive process, Right sided unit root tests, Structural breaks. JEL classi cation: C15, G12
Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus feeding ecology in the Kruger National Park and a comparison across African savanna habitats: is the cheetah only a successful hunter on open grassland plains?

The literature on cheetah Acinonyx jubatus ecology is dominated by studies on the Serengeti Plains (SNP) in East Africa. Because of this and the cheetah's hunting strategy it is generally considered to be a predator that prefers open grassland plains. However, cheetahs also inhabit a range of bush, scrub and woodland habitats. A field study using direct observations of radio-collared individuals in the woodland savanna habitat of the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, and a literature review of studies across savanna habitats examined cheetah predation, hunting behaviour and habitat use in relation to prey composition, cover availability and kleptoparasitism. The cheetah's main prey is medium-sized herbivores, with a bias towards male prey. The group size and sex of the hunting cheetah may influence the results of prey selection studies as male coalitions tend to take larger prey than females. Cheetahs initiated more hunts and had a higher success rate in the open woodland savanna of the KNP compared to other available habitats with thicker bush, and in other wooded savanna areas they also prefer more open habitat for hunting. Although they appear to have shorter chase distances in more wooded habitats, hunting success appears to be slightly higher in open grassland habitat. Woody vegetation appears to obstruct the cheetah's high-speed hunting strategy, thereby lowering hunting success. However, cheetahs use cover for stalking prey and open habitats with bordering woodlands, or patches of cover are considered preferred cheetah habitats. In these habitats, cheetahs can stalk closer to their prey using available cover, but also successfully pursue their prey into available open spaces. Across African savanna ecosystems, cheetahs appear to be kleptoparasitised less in more wooded habitats. Therefore they may also prefer these habitats because they provide greater concealment from kleptoparasites. Our study suggests that the cheetah is more adaptable to habitat variability than is often thought and is not only a successful hunter on open grassland plains.
QHEQ: A Validation Study on Students' Evaluation

QHEQ is a student evaluation questionnaire on quality in higher education developed by the author in a previous research. The key purpose of student evaluations on the extent of quality assurance implementation in higher education institutions is to provide feedback that might lead to better cost effectiveness and higher competitiveness in the higher education sector. The literature on quality in higher education showed that there had been some evaluations of perception of quality in higher education, yet few studies have conducted psychometric analyses in order to develop a simple questionnaire for students to assess the quality assurance implementation in the higher education as a whole. This paper addresses the validity of QHEQ using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) conducted on data from a sample of 768 undergraduates from two Malaysian universities. The results revealed that a five-factor model represents the best-fitting model for quality in higher education perceived by the undergraduate students. In addition, Bollen-Stine bootstrap was employed to correct for standard error and fit statistic bias that occurs in structural equation modeling applications due to non-normal data. The QHEQ has substantial evidence for reliability and construct validity. Hence, the instrument is recommended for the measurement student experiences on quality in higher education.