Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interictal Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Seizure Patients without Cardiac Symptoms

Original Research Article A seizure is a paroxysmal event due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain and can cause characteristic changes in electroencephalogram (EEG), likewise it can cause changes in cardiac microstructure and can cause changes in ECG and ECHO. We have taken 120 non-diabetic seizure patients (case) and 62 non-diabetic patients without seizure (control) for this study randomly and standard 12 lead Electrocardiograms and a Echocardiographic (2D and M-MODE) examination performed in all of them in interictal period. Case (85 males and 35 females) and control (44 males and 18 females) had a mean age of 39.06±1.86 and 36.74±2.15 years; respectively. These two populations were also matched with respect to these following parameters (Height (m), Weight (kg), BMI (kg/m 2 ), and resting systolic and diastolic pressure (mm of Hg)). In univariate analysis, seizure patients (compared to controls) had significantly lower means or PR interval (146.0±1.49 vs 151.2±1.94 msec; p=0.0415), QT interval (361.2±2.51 vs 372.9±1.76 msec; p=0.0019), QTc interval (422.5±3.14 vs 439.2±2.35 msec; p=0.0005), Ejection fraction (EF) (63.51±0.62 vs 65.59±0.58%; p=0.0306),Fractional Shortening (FS) (34.65±0.43 vs 24±0.42%; p=0.0168). Only 18 cases and 2 controls presented with sinus tachycardia and 4 cases presented with sinus bradycardia when ECG and ECHO was done and none of the cases and controls showed any other tachy or bradyarrhythmias. Among 94 patients of GTCS 5(5.31%) died while death was significantly higher in Status Epilepticus 2(66.67%) out of 3 patients. Patients with epilepsy may be predisposed to disturbances of autonomic functions with subsequent cardiac arrhythmias due to effects of recurrent seizures on cardiac microstructure. So, in all seizure patients ECG and ECHO to be done. Further work is needed to stratify the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) on the basis of interictal autonomic parameters to improve prognosis. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Keywards: Seizure, QT interval, Autonomic, SUDEP. Copyright @ 2019: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use (NonCommercial, or CC-BY-NC) provided the original author and source are credited.
NEW OBSERVATIONS FROM THE ANDRE LAKE AREA ( NTS 23 I / 12 ) , WESTERN LABRADOR : TECTONIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HINTERLAND OF THE NEW QUÉBEC OROGEN

This report presents preliminary results of new 1:50 000-scale mapping in the Andre Lake area (NTS 23I/12), in the hinterland of the Paleoproterozoic New Québec Orogen (NQO). The map area spans three lithotectonic zones separated by westverging thrust faults. The western and central zones comprise supracrustal rocks of the Kaniapiskau Supergroup (KS) and associated pretectonic gabbro sills, deformed into regional-scale upright folds related to southwestto west-directed shortening. In the central zone, a basement complex, comprising presumed Archean orthogneiss and possibly Paleoproterozoic granite, is exposed in the core of a large north-plunging anticline. Later, west-directed thrusting focused along the flanks of this basement complex produced greenschist-facies ductile fabrics in the granite and adjacent rocks of the KS. The eastern zone, the McKenzie River domain (MRD), is underlain by Archean orthogneiss and Paleoproterozoic tonalites. Deformation in the MRD began at amphibolite facies, and included a component of east–west shortening and strike–slip shearing. Final juxtaposition with the KS by west-directed thrusting produced intense mylonitic fabrics in gneisses adjacent to the KS. The overall pattern of deformation in the area is related to regional-scale, broadly east–west dextral transpression during collision between the Superior Craton and the Core Zone. Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the area may be related to post-collisional crustal thickening, or possibly a pre-collisional magmatic arc within the MRD.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN BANKING: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

The aim of this paper is to explain the particular characteristics of the corporate governance of banks and its role for good bank performance. In order to do that, it reviews the existing literature on this issue trying to answer three main questions: (i) Why are banks different? Existing research points at diverse features, such as, regulation, supervision, capital structure, risk, fiduciary relationships, ownership, and deposit insurance, that would make banks special and thereby influence their corporate governance. (ii) What is different about bank governance? According to past studies, banks’ boards of directors are larger, more independent, have a superior number of committees and meet more often, but seem to play a weaker disciplinary role. Executive compensation would be higher in banking, but pay-performance sensitivity appears lower. (iii) What works for banks? Larger boards, more concentrated ownership structures and certain levels of managerial shareholdings are the principal factors suggested by the empirical evidence to date that seem to lead banks to higher performance.
How does Optimism impact on Entrepreneurs ’ Overconfidence ?

Optimism and overconfidence are well documented cognitive biases in the entrepreneurship literature (see Shepherd et al., 2015). Although these sentiments are typically thought to be almost overlapped, empirical studies make evidence of their different construct (see Trevelyan, 2008, 2011). In the paper at hand we investigate the descriptive and normative motivations inducing misconfidence biases to arise. First, we introduce the definition of optimism as underestimation of the task difficulty to meet a strategic Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Second, we define overconfidence as the tendency to overestimate the probability to achieve an uncertain task. To calculate this probability we set up a prescriptive benchmarking-based model. Third, we spotlight situations in enterprise risk management (ERM) where misconfidence biases in judgment emerge. Complementing Bordley et al. (2015) and Tibiletti and Uberti (2015) results, we show that overconfidence arises in presence of two extreme circumstances: (1) underestimation of task difficulty coupled with extremely poor entrepreneurial projects, and (2) overestimation of task difficulty coupled with extremely good entrepreneurial projects. Our theoretical findings match with accounted biased behaviors recognized among entrepreneurs known as the escalation and de-escalation of commitment effect biases. The study is based on the normative foundation for overconfidence set up by Bordley et al. (2015) and casts light on which circumstances that occurs. Our results have also practical implications. In fact, it is important for entrepreneurs be aware of situations where self-confidence is normatively biased.
Algorithm for Identifying Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation without Appearance on the ECG

Although atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, it remains underdiagnosed. One of the most drastic complications is embolism, and strokes in particular. Patients having atrial fibrillation must be identified in order to reduce the number of strokes. The algorithm presented detects atrial fibrillation, even without it being indicated in the analyzed ECG. Based on parameters of heart rate variability, only a 60-minute single channel ECG is required. At first, all R peaks are detected and all RR intervals are calculated. After normalizing the RR intervals, the time domain parameter SDSD is calculated and the so-called Poincare Plot is generated. The image and the time domain analysis assess a risk level, which determines whether the patient is suffering from atrial fibrillation. The resulting sensitivity calculated for ECG recordings from the MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation database is 91.5% and the specificity determined for the ECG recordings from the MIT-BIH normal sinus rhythm database is 96.9%. The sensitivity depends on the atrial fibrillation burden. Even if a burden of 0% is assumed, the results still prove satisfactory (sensitivity nearly 83%).
Treatment of patients with myocardial infarction depends on history of cancer

Background: Although cancer treatment considerably affects cardiovascular health, little is known about how cancer patients are treated for an acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate whether acute myocardial infarction patients with a history of cancer received the same guideline recommended treatment as those acute myocardial infarction patients without and whether they differ with respect to inhospital outcome. Methods: All patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, enrolled between 2002 and mid-2015 in the acute myocardial infarction in Switzerland (AMIS Plus) registry with comorbidity data based on the Charlson comorbidity index were analysed. Patients were classified as having cancer if one of the cancer diseases of the Charlson comorbidity index was indicated. Immediate treatment strategies and inhospital outcomes were compared between groups using propensity score matching. Results: Of 35,249 patients, 1981 (5.6%) had a history of cancer. After propensity score matching for age, gender, Killip class >2, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and renal disease (1981 patients per group), significant differences were no longer found for a history of acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and cerebrovascular disease between cancer and non-cancer patients. However, cancer patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention less frequently (odds ratio (OR) 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.88) and received P2Y12 blockers (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.94) and statins (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76–0.99) less frequently. Inhospital mortality was significantly higher in cancer patients (10.7% vs. 7.6%, OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.17–1.81). However, the main cause of death was cardiac in both groups (P=0.06). Conclusion: Acute myocardial infarction patients with a history of cancer were less likely to receive guideline recommended treatment and had worse inhospital outcomes than non-cancer patients.
Analysis of relationship among the functional classification systems in cerebral palsy and the different types according to the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe

This study aimed to analyse the relationship between Gross Motor Functional Classification (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and development of a global profile of the child’s role in activities of daily living. It is further intended to determine if the functional classifications present a predictive factor for one or several types of CP established by the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE). An observational study was developed in schools in the Region of Murcia during the months of March to June 2018. Participants included children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age evaluated individually under the same conditions by a physiotherapist with more than 10 years of experience and following the available manuals. A high correlation between the scales was found. Spastic unilateral CP presented a greater prognosis in the development of the functional abilities described by the functional scales. The study shows how the classification systems complement each other to provide a better description of the functional profile of children with CP, and the four scales involve a predictive factor for some types of CP. *Correspondence to: Sergio Montero-Mendoza, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Region of Murcia (Spain), Physiotherapy Department, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain, E-mail: smontero@ucam.edu
Patterns of Past Alcohol Consumption in the EPIC-Germany Cohorts

Information on life-long history of alcohol consumption might be more relevant to chronic diseases than current intake. The aim of this study was to describe past alcohol intake and consumption patterns in the EPIC-Germany cohorts, by sex and age, from 1949 to 1998. Past daily consumption of alcoholic beverages – beer, wine, and spirits – was assessed through a lifestyle questionnaire administered to 27,099 subjects of the EPIC-Potsdam and 25,449 subjects of the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort. Recruitment of the cohorts concentrated on men aged 40–64 and on women aged 35–64. For each alcoholic beverage, the consumption at ages 20, 30, and 40 was asked. The data were used to calculate previous mean consumption in 10-year intervals from 1949 to 1998. Alcohol intake was observed to be higher in the Heidelberg than in the Potsdam cohort. Differences between cohorts were most marked for wine consumption which was considerably higher in the Heidelberg cohort. Men consumed approximately 3 times the amount of alcohol of women. Men preferred to drink beer, women preferred to drink wine. For the Potsdam cohort, alcohol intake was observed to increase since 1949. For the Heidelberg cohort, a recent decrease in alcohol intake in males and females of 30 and 40 years of age was noted. The data indicate that collection of alcohol consumption data at various discrete points in time is essential to depict life-long history of alcohol consumption.
Characterization of Nasal and Blood Culture Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in United States Hospitals

ABSTRACT A total of 299 nares and 194 blood isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), each recovered from a unique patient, were collected from 23 U.S. hospitals from May 2009 to March 2010. All isolates underwent spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; a subset of 84 isolates was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI. Seventy-six spa types were observed among the isolates. Overall, for nasal isolates, spa type t002-SCCmec type II (USA100) was the most common strain type (37% of isolates), while among blood isolates, spa type t008-SCCmec type IV (USA300) was the most common (39%). However, the proportion of all USA100 and USA300 isolates varied by United States census region. Nasal isolates were more resistant to tobramycin and clindamycin than blood isolates (55.9% and 48.8% of isolates versus 36.6% and 39.7%, respectively; for both, P < 0.05). The USA300 isolates were largely resistant to fluoroquinolones. High-level mupirocin resistance was low among all spa types (<5%). SCCmec types III and VIII, which are rare in the United States, were observed along with several unusual PFGE types, including CMRSA9, EMRSA15, and the PFGE profile associated with sequence type 239 (ST239) isolates. Typing data from this convenience sample suggest that in U.S. hospitalized patients, USA100 isolates of multiple spa types, while still common in the nares, have been replaced by USA300 isolates as the predominant MRSA strain type in positive blood cultures.
ffects of time lag and frequency matching on phase-based onnectivity ichael

The timeand frequency-varying dynamics of how brain regions interact is one of the fundamental mysteries of neuroscience. In electrophysiological data, functional connectivity is often measured through the consistency of oscillatory phase angles between two electrodes placed in or over different brain regions. However, due to volume conduction, the results of such analyses can be difficult to interpret, because mathematical estimates of connectivity can be driven both by true inter-regional connectivity, and by volume conduction from the same neural source. Generally, there are two approaches to attenuate artifacts due to volume conduction: spatial filtering in combination with standard connectivity methods, or connectivity methods such as the weighted phase lag index that are blind to instantaneous connectivity that may reflect volume conduction artifacts. The purpose of this paper is to compare these two approaches directly in the presence of different connectivity time lags (5 or 25 ms) and physiologically realistic frequency non-stationarities. The results show that standard connectivity methods in combination with Laplacian spatial filtering correctly identified simulated connectivity regardless of time lag or changes in frequency, although residual volume conduction artifacts were seen in the vicinity of the “seed” electrode. Weighted phase lag index under-estimated connectivity strength at small time lags and failed to identify connectivity in the presence of frequency mismatches or non-stationarities, but did not misidentify volume conduction as “connectivity. ” Both approaches have strengths and limitations, and this paper concludes with practical advice for when to use which approach in context of hypothesis testing and exploratory data analyses. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Surface‐related triggering of the neutrophil respiratory burst. Characterization of the response induced by IgG adsorbed to hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass surfaces

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass surfaces precoated with human albumin, fibrinogen, or IgG were investigated with respect to their ability to activate the neutrophil NADPH‐oxidase. We found that IgG‐coated surfaces induced a substantial and prolonged neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When a hydrophilic surface was used to support protein binding, a somewhat lower neutrophil response (around 35%) was obtained, compared with the response induced by IgG on a hydrophobic surface. The production of ROS was completely eliminated when cytochalasin B was added to the measuring system, suggesting the involvement of the cell cytoskeleton in the activation process. The relation between the intra‐ and extracellular generation of ROS was further assessed, and we found that most of the ROS produced were released from the cells, in agreement with a model in which the activating surfaces induce a ‘frustrated’ phagocytic response. Serum totally inhibited ‘frustrated’ phagocytosis provided that the IgG molecules were sticking to a hydrophilic surface.
Delusions as performance failures

Delusions are explanations of anomalous experiences. A theory of delusion requires an explanation of both the anomalous experience and the apparently irrational explanation generated by the delusional subject. Hence, we require a model of rational belief formation against which the belief formation of delusional subjects can be evaluated. Method. I first describe such a model, distinguishing procedural from pragmatic rationality. Procedural rationality is the use of rules or procedures, deductive or inductive, that produce an inferentially coherent set of propositions. Pragmatic rationality is the use of procedural rationality in context. I then apply the distinction to the explanation of the Capgras and the Cotard delusions. I then argue that delusions are failures of pragmatic rationality. I examine the nature of these failures employing the distinction between performance and competence familiar from Chomskian linguistics. Results. This approach to the irrationality of delusions reconciles accounts in which the explanation of the anomalous experience exhausts the explanation of delusion, accounts that appeal to further deficits within the reasoning processes of delusional subjects, and accounts that argue that delusions are not beliefs at all. (Respectively, one-stage, two-stage, and expressive accounts.) Conclusion. In paradigm cases that concern cognitive neuropsychiatry the irrationality of delusional subjects should be thought of as a performance deficit in pragmatic rationality.
Self-Improvement as a Response to Interpersonal Regulation in Close Relationships: The Role of Attachment Styles

ABSTRACT This study was designed to examine how the two dimensions of adult attachment styles, attachment anxiety and avoidance, would affect young adults' intentions of self-improvement in response to various regulatory strategies used by a close other (i.e., a romantic partner or best friend). One hundred and eighteen undergraduate students were involved in this study. Major findings include (a) the more avoidant an individual was, the less likely he/she would improve on those attributes that were desired to change by their close other; (b) a close other's use of the strategy “voice” was positively associated with individuals' intentions to self-improve, while the use of the strategy “exit” was negatively associated with individuals' intentions to self-improve; (c) a close other's use of “loyalty” was associated with a lower level of intentions to self-improve, except for participants scored high on attachment avoidance. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.
Gender-Specific Influences of Balance, Speed, and Power on Agility Performance

Abstract Sekulic, D, Spasic, M, Mirkov, D, Cavar, M and Sattler, T. Gender-specific influences of balance, speed, and power on agility performance. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 802–811, 2013—The quick change of direction (i.e., agility) is an important athletic ability in numerous sports. Because of the diverse and therefore hardly predictable manifestations of agility in sports, studies noted that the improvement in speed, power, and balance should result in an improvement of agility. However, there is evident lack of data regarding the influence of potential predictors on different agility manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the gender-specific influence of speed, power, and balance on different agility tests. A total of 32 college-aged male athletes and 31 college-aged female athletes (age 20.02 ± 1.89 years) participated in this study. The subjects were mostly involved in team sports (soccer, team handball, basketball, and volleyball; 80% of men, and 75% of women), martial arts, gymnastics, and dance. Anthropometric variables consisted of body height, body weight, and the body mass index. Five agility tests were used: a t-test (T-TEST), zig-zag test, 20-yard shuttle test, agility test with a 180-degree turn, and forward-backward running agility test (FWDBWD). Other tests included 1 jumping ability power test (squat jump, SQJ), 2 balance tests to determine the overall stability index and an overall limit of stability score (both measured by Biodex Balance System), and 2 running speed tests using a straight sprint for 10 and 20 m (S10 and S20, respectively). A reliability analysis showed that all the agility tests were reliable. Multiple regression and correlation analysis found speed and power (among women), and balance (among men), as most significant predictors of agility. The highest Pearson's correlation in both genders is found between the results of the FWDBWD and S10M tests (0.77 and 0.81 for men and women, respectively; p < 0.05). Power, measured using the SQJ, is significantly (p < 0.05) related to FWDBWD and T-TEST results but only for women (−0.44; −0.41). The balance measures were significantly related to the agility performance for men but not for women. In addition to demonstrating a known relationship between speed and agility in both genders, and a small but statistically significant relationship between power and agility in women, these results indicate that balance should be considered as a potential predictor of agility in trained adult men.