Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Previous utilization of service does not improve timely booking in antenatal care: Cross sectional study on timing of antenatal care booking at public health facilities in Addis Ababa

Background : Antenatal care is more beneficial in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes when it is sought early in pregnancy. However, existing evidence from developing countries including Ethiopia indicate that few women seek antenatal care at early stage of their pregnancy. Objective : The objective of this study was to assess the timing of ANC booking and impact of previous antenatal care utilization on timing of first antenatal care booking in Addis Ababa governmental health institutions. Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted to collect data from 630 pregnant women who were attending antenatal care service at 10 governmental health centers in Addis Ababa from March 1 to 30, 2008. Results : Past experience on antenatal care service utilization did not come out as a predictor for timely booking of antenatal care (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 0.91, 2.15). Multivariate analysis revealed that respondents who received advice on recommended time of booking, their pregnancy was planned and first pregnancy, were more likely to book timely compared to others (AOR=10.10, 95% CI: 4.54, 22.40; AOR=1.87, 95% CI:1.11, 3.23; (AOR= 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.44) respectively. Conclusions : Past utilization of antenatal care service did not come as a predictor for timely booking of the service, provided that advice on timely booking is the main factor. In order to improve the situation, strengthening of focused antenatal care, availing of clear service delivery guidelines and training of service providers are important.
Radio Gaga? Intra-team communication of Australian Rules Football umpires – effect of radio communication on content, structure and frequency

Abstract Intra-team communication plays an important role in team effectiveness in various domains including sport. As such, it is a key consideration when introducing new tools within systems that utilise teams. The difference in intra-team communication of Australian Rules Football (AFL) umpiring teams was studied when umpiring with or without radio communications technology. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to analyse the verbal communication of seven umpiring teams (20 participants) grouped according to their experience with radio communication. The results identified that radio communication technology increased the frequency and altered the structure of intra-team communication. Examination of the content of the intra-team communication identified impacts on the ‘Big Five’ teamwork behaviours and associated coordinating mechanisms. Analysis revealed that the communications utilised did not align with the closed-loop form of communication described in the Big Five model. Implications for teamwork models, coaching and training of AFL umpires are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Assessing the impact of technology on performance is of interest to ergonomics practitioners. The impact of radio communications on teamwork is explored in the highly dynamic domain of AFL umpiring. When given radio technology, intra-team communication increased which supported teamwork behaviours, such as backup behaviour and mutual performance monitoring.
A machine learning approach to detect changes in gait parameters following a fatiguing occupational task

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a method for classifying non-fatigued vs. fatigued states following manual material handling. A method of template matching pattern recognition for feature extraction ($1 Recognizer) along with the support vector machine model for classification were applied on the kinematics of gait cycles segmented by our stepwise search-based segmentation algorithm. A single inertial measurement unit on the ankle was used, providing a minimally intrusive and inexpensive tool for monitoring. The classifier distinguished between states using distance-based scores from the recogniser and the step duration. The results of fatigue detection showed an accuracy of 90% across data from 20 recruited subjects. This method utilises the minimum amount of data and features from only one low-cost sensor to reliably classify the state of fatigue induced by a realistic manufacturing task using a simple machine learning algorithm that can be extended to real-time fatigue monitoring as a future technology to be employed in the manufacturing facilities. Practitioner Summary: We examined the use of a wearable sensor for the detection of fatigue-related changes in gait based on a simulated manual material handling task. Classification based on foot acceleration and position trajectories resulted in 90% accuracy. This method provides a practical framework for predicting realistic levels of fatigue.
Oxygen uptake and muscle activity limitations during stepping on a stair machine at three different climbing speeds

Abstract This laboratory study examined human stair ascending capacity and constraining factors including legs’ local muscle fatigue (LMF) and cardiorespiratory capacity. Twenty-five healthy volunteers, with mean age 35.3 years, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 46.7 mL·min−1·kg−1 and maximal heart rate (HR) of 190 bpm, ascended on a stair machine at 60 and 75% (3 min each) and 90% of VO2max (5 min or until exhaustion). The VO2, maximal heart rate (HRmax) and electromyography (EMG) of the leg muscles were measured. The average VO2highest reached 43.9 mL·min−1·kg−1, and HRhighest peaked at 185 bpm at 90% of VO2max step rate (SR). EMG amplitudes significantly increased at all three levels, p < . 05, and median frequencies decreased mostly at 90% of VO2max SR evidencing leg LMF. Muscle activity interpretation squares were developed and effectively used to observe changes over time, confirming LMF. The combined effects of LMF and cardiorespiratory constraints reduced ascending tolerance and constrained the duration to 4.32 min. Practitioner Summary: To expedite ascending evacuation from high-rise buildings and deep underground structures, it is necessary to consider human physical load. This study investigated the limiting physiological factors and muscle activity rate changes (MARC) used in the muscle activity interpretation squares (MAIS) to evaluate leg local muscle fatigue (LMF). LMF and cardiorespiratory capacity significantly constrain human stair ascending capacities at high, constant step rates.
Modeling of gas–liquid separation through stacked neural network

In recent years, few mechanistic models have been proposed for design optimization and predicting the performance of reserve flow cyclonic separators. However, there is not much literature available on design and performance evaluation of axial flow compact separator. The work presented in this paper demonstrates the use of stacked neural network to model the nonlinear process of gas–liquid separation through a novel designed axial flow compact separator (called as I-SEP in this study). We trained several standard back propagation training algorithms to predict the separation efficiency of the I-SEP; these base models are then combined to form a single composite model. Principle component regression techniques are used to estimate the weight of the participant trained neural networks in the composite model. It has shown in this work that combination of trained neural networks improves prediction accuracy of gas–liquid separation as compared with that of participant individual neural network models. The stacked neural network model produced satisfactory prediction on unseen experimental data and may be helpful to the operators in effectively controlling the separator by predicting the separation efficiency at the changing operating inlet condition. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media

A series of water-soluble cationic 2-hydroxylpropyltrimethylammonium hemicellulosic derivatives with low average degrees of substitution (DS's) were prepared by the incorporation of the cationic moiety 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (ETA) onto the backbone of hemicelluloses in the presence of NaOH as a nucleophilic catalyst in homogeneous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) media. The dependence of the homogeneous reaction on the different affecting factors was investigated. The average DS was calculated from the N/C ratio in the products and from the weight gain. The degree of substitution determined by the nitrogen content (DSN) values up to 0.25 in a one-step synthesis of the etherified hemicelluloses could be controlled by the adjustment of the amount of solvent used and the molar ratio of NaOH or ETA to the anhydromonomer units in the hemicelluloses. The structure of the cationic hemicellulosic derivatives formed was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed with solution-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In comparison, no significant degradation of the hemicellulosic derivatives occurred during the etherification of the polymers in the homogeneous DMSO system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Relationship between genital ridge formation and settlement site of primordial germ cells in chick embryos

Chick embyros from stage 15 to stage 18, which is the most frequent extravasation period, were investigated by means of serial sections and light microscopy in order to learn the detailed relationship between the settlement sites of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and the forming genital ridge. PGCs circulating in the vascular system came out of the small vessels in the splanchnopleure posterior to the vitelline artery. This PGC extravasation was limited to an area about 1.2 mm caudal to the vitelline artery. After the extravasation, the PGCs entered the neighboring thickened coelomic epithelium of the splanchnopleure. This thickened epithelium, which had incorporated the PGCs, changed the location toward the future gonadal site with the advance of development. At stage 16, the thickened portion of the epithelium was located in the splanchnopleure; then it moved toward the somatopleure via the coelomic angle; finally, at stage 18, this epithelium occupied the region between coelomic angle and the mesonephros which corresponded to the future genital ridge. This means that the thickened epithelium of the splanchnopleure which initially incorporated the PGCs becomes the superficial epithelium of the genital ridge in more advanced stages. The thickened portion of the epithelium of the splanchnopleure at stage 16 is thought to be the definitive gonadal anlage.
Claudin‐5 is Restricted to the Tight Junction Region of Uterine Epithelial Cells in the Uterus of Pregnant/Gravid Squamate Reptiles

Claudin‐5, a tight junctional protein associated with ion and size selectivity, has been found in the uterus of skinks. This study has generated critical information about the molecular assembly of the tight junction at various stages of the reproductive cycle in the skink uterus. Recent studies looking at tight junctional proteins found occludin expression in the tight junction region of uterine epithelial cells in the skink uterus; however, occludin did not disclose any further information about the ions and size of ions permeating across the paracellular pathway. A ∼22‐kDa claudin‐5 band was detected in the uterus of the skinks present in this study and immunohistochemistry revealed that claudin‐5 redistributes to the tight junction region of the lateral plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells in late stage pregnancy/gravidity. This finding indicates that the tight junction becomes more assembled to precisely regulate ion and solute permeation in late stage pregnancy/gravidity. Claudin‐5 with its functional role as a molecular sieve due to the formation of ion and size selective pores suggests that permeation of ions smaller than 0.8 kDa are restricted when claudin‐5 is redistributed to the tight junction region of the later plasma membrane. This report is the first description of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in regulating nutrient provision in the reptilian uterus. Anat Rec, 291:547–556, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Automated Self‐Similarity Analysis of the Pulmonary Tree of the Sprague–Dawley Rat

We present the results of an automated analysis of the morphometry of the pulmonary airway trees of the Sprague–Dawley rat. Our work is motivated by a need to inform lower‐dimensional mathematical models to prescribe realistic boundary conditions for multiscale hybrid models of rat lung mechanics. Silicone casts were made from three age‐matched, male Sprague–Dawley rats, immersed in a gel containing a contrast agent and subsequently imaged with magnetic resonance (MR). From a segmentation of this data, we extracted a connected graph, representing the airway centerline. Segment statistics (lengths and diameters) were derived from this graph. To validate this MR imaging/digital analysis method, airway segment measurements were compared with nearly 1,000 measurements collected by hand using an optical microscope from one of the rat lung casts. To evaluate the reproducibility of the MR imaging/digital analysis method, two lung casts were each imaged three times with randomized orientations in the MR bore. Diameters and lengths of randomly selected airways were compared among each of the repeated imaging datasets to estimate the variability. Finally, we analyzed the morphometry of the airway tree by assembling individual airway segments into structures that span multiple generations, which we call branches. We show that branches not segments are the fundamental repeating unit in the rat lung and develop simple mathematical relationships describing these structures for the entire lung. Our analysis shows that airway diameters and lengths have both a deterministic and stochastic character. Anat Rec, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Three‐Dimensional Arrangement of the Myocytes Aggregated Together Within the Mammalian Ventricular Myocardium

Although myocardial architecture has been investigated extensively, as yet no evidence exists for the anatomic segregation of discrete myocardial pathways. We performed post‐mortem diffusion tensor imaging on 14 pig hearts. Pathway tracking was done from 22 standardized voxel groups from within the left ventricle, the left ventricular papillary muscles, and the right ventricular outflow tract. We generated pathways with comparable patterns in the different hearts when tracking from all chosen voxels. We were unable to demonstrate discrete circular or longitudinal pathways, nor to trace any solitary tract of myocardial cells extending throughout the ventricular mass. Instead, each pathway possessed endocardial, midwall, and epicardial components, merging one into another in consistent fashion. Endocardial tracks, when followed towards the basal or apical parts of the left ventricle, changed smoothly their helical and transmural angulations, becoming continuous with circular pathways in the midwall, these circular tracks further transforming into epicardial tracks, again by smooth change of the helical and transmural angles. Tracks originating from voxels in the papillary muscles behaved similarly to endocardial tracks. This is the first study to show myocardial pathways that run through the mammalian left and right ventricles in a highly reproducible manner according to varying local helical and transmural intrusion angles. The patterns generated are an inherent feature of the three‐dimensional arrangement of the individual myocytes aggregated within the walls, differing according to the regional orientation and branching of individual myocytes. We found no evidence to support the existence of individual muscles or bands. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of eda Loss of Function on Upper Jugal Tooth Morphology

The Tabby/eda mice, which bear a loss of function mutation for the eda (ectodysplasinA) gene, are known to display developmental anomalies in organs with an ectodermal origin. Although the lower jugal (cheek) teeth of Tabby/eda mice have been extensively studied, upper teeth have never been investigated in detail. However, this may help us to further understand the function of the eda gene in tooth development. In this work, the shape and size of both the crown and the radicular system were studied in the Tabby/eda mice upper jugal teeth. To deal with the high morphological variability, we defined several morphotypes based on cusp numbers and position. Statistical tests were then performed within and between the different morphotypes to test the correlation between tooth size and morphology. Our analysis reveals that, as in lower teeth, eda is necessary to segment the dental lamina into three teeth with the characteristic size and proportions of the mouse. Nevertheless, since strong effects are observed in heterozygous upper teeth while lower are only mildly affected, it seems that the upper jaw is more sensitive than the lower jaw to the loss of eda function. Modifications in cusp number and the abnormal crown size of the teeth are clearly linked, and our results indicate a role of eda in cusp patterning. Moreover, we found that the Tabby mutation induces variations in the dental root pattern, sometimes associated with hypercementosis, suggesting a newly uncovered role played by eda in root patterning and formation. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Doubling the referral rate of monogenic diabetes through a nationwide information campaign – update on glucokinase gene mutations in a Polish cohort

Borowiec M, Fendler W, Antosik K, Baranowska A, Gnys P, Zmyslowska A, Malecki M, Mlynarski W. Doubling the referral rate of monogenic diabetes through a nationwide information campaign – update on glucokinase gene mutations in a Polish cohort.
Clinical and molecular analysis of RASopathies in a group of Turkish patients

Şimşek‐Kiper PÖ, Alanay Y, Gülhan B, Lissewski C, Türkyılmaz D, Alehan D, Çetin M, Utine GE, Zenker M, Boduroğlu K. Clinical and molecular analysis of patients with RASopathies in Turkish patients.
Expression of Toll‐Like Receptor 9 in Horse Lungs

Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been found to be the main receptor to respond to bacterial DNA in a wide variety of species. Recent work has shown that TLR9 is expressed in a diverse set of cells within the lung. However, much of this data has been centered on human and mouse cell culture lines or primary cultures and very little is known of TLR9 expression in intact lung, especially that of the horse. Here we show that TLR9 is expressed in the lungs of horses in a wide variety of cells. In particular, we note expression in pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs), alveolar macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells, and type‐II cells amongst others. Immunogold electron microscopy localized TLR9 in nuclei, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane of various lung cells. The data also show that E. coli lipopolysaccharide significantly increased expression of TLR9 mRNA in lungs and the number of cells in the lung septa that were positive for TLR9 protein. Protein expression was seen in airway epithelium, vascular endothelium, and inflammatory cells in blood vessels. Intravenous administration of gadolinium chloride, which depletes macrophages, before the lipopolysaccharide treatment significantly inhibited the LPS‐induced increase in TLR9 mRNA in the lungs of the horses. We conclude that TLR9 is expressed in lung cells including PIMs and that the lipopolysaccharide treatment increases TLR9 mRNA expression. The increase in TLR9 mRNA is eliminated by depletion of PIMs, implicating these cells as a major source of TLR9 in the equine lung. Anat Rec, 292:1068–1077, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Mesencephalic Reticular Formation as a Conduit for Primate Collicular Gaze Control: Tectal Inputs to Neurons Targeting the Spinal Cord and Medulla

The superior colliculus (SC), which directs orienting movements of both the eyes and head, is reciprocally connected to the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), suggesting the latter is involved in gaze control. The MRF has been provisionally subdivided to include a rostral portion, which subserves vertical gaze, and a caudal portion, which subserves horizontal gaze. Both regions contain cells projecting downstream that may provide a conduit for tectal signals targeting the gaze control centers which direct head movements. We determined the distribution of cells targeting the cervical spinal cord and rostral medullary reticular formation (MdRF), and investigated whether these MRF neurons receive input from the SC by the use of dual tracer techniques in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Either biotinylated dextran amine or Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was injected into the SC. Wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase was placed into the ipsilateral cervical spinal cord or medial MdRF to retrogradely label MRF neurons. A small number of medially located cells in the rostral and caudal MRF were labeled following spinal cord injections, and greater numbers were labeled in the same region following MdRF injections. In both cases, anterogradely labeled tectoreticular terminals were observed in close association with retrogradely labeled neurons. These close associations between tectoreticular terminals and neurons with descending projections suggest the presence of a trans‐MRF pathway that provides a conduit for tectal control over head orienting movements. The medial location of these reticulospinal and reticuloreticular neurons suggests this MRF region may be specialized for head movement control. Anat Rec, 292:1162–1181, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Preoperative Hypnosis to Reduce Postoperative Pain and Anesthesia-Related Side Effects

Abstract The purpose of this pilot project was to test the feasibility of hypnosis as a preoperative intervention. The unique features of this study were: (a) use of a standardized nurse-delivered hypnosis protocol, (b) intervention administration immediately prior to surgery in the preoperative holding area, and (c) provision of hypnosis to breast cancer surgery patients receiving general anesthesia. A mixed-method design was used. Data collected from the intervention group and historical control group included demographics, symptom assessments, medication administration, and surgical, anesthesia, and recovery minutes. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the intervention group. A reduction in anxiety, worry, nervousness, sadness, irritability, and distress was found from baseline to postintervention while pain and nausea increased. The results support further exploration of the use of nurse-led preoperative hypnosis.