Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme Hydrodynamic impact onto buildings

Dam failures, impulse waves, tsunamis and storm surges are natural disasters that challenge humanity, often leading to massive casualties and important economic losses. These events generate highly unsteady flow conditions in the form of surges or turbulent bores, associated with extreme loading on infrastructure. In the past, the impact on these flows on buildings was considered too rare and wave induced forces were neglected in the design process. However, recent events showed that some measures can guarantee human safety and reduce reconstruction costs. As such, vertical shelters able to withstand extreme loading are fundamental and an estimation of induced forces is necessary. Field studies showed that buildings with openings perform better during wave impact. The objective of this research is to evaluate and analyse damage potential of resilient buildings hit by both surges and bores. In particular, the influence of openings as a mitigation measure on the loading process is addressed and quantified. The research is based on an experimental approach. Wave formation is achieved through the vertical release of a water volume from an upper reservoir, generating dry bed surges or wet bed bores in the downstream horizontal channel. A variation of the released discharge results into waves with different hydrodynamic properties. A detailed methodology to hydraulically characterize the generatedwaves in terms of their water depths and flow velocities is presented and good agreement with the classical dam-break case for both dry bed surges and wet bed bores is demonstrated. Particular attention is given to wave front celerity and velocity profiles measured behind the wave front, showing some features typical of open channel flows. Free-standing buildings were reproduced using aluminium structures installed on a force plate, providing a detailed time history of impact forces and moments. The impact was characterised by high splashes, followed by a quasi-steady flow around the building. For the impervious buildings (without openings), dry bed surges resulted into horizontal forces proportional to the momentum flux. For wet bed bores, an attenuation of the peak force was constantly observed and the introduction of a reduction coefficient was necessary to achieve a realistic force estimation. In this study the effect of openings and overflowwere tested. First, four building configurations with seven opening values ranging from 0 (impervious) to 84% were investigated using 12 standard waves. The flow through the structure reduced the upstreamwater depths, providing safer vertical shelters. In terms of loading, the openings produced a linear reduction of the maximum horizontal force, if compared to the impervious case. The configuration with an
EVOLUTION OF SHANGHAI STOCK MARKET BASED ON MAXIMAL SPANNING TREES

In this paper, using a moving window to scan through every stock price time series over a period from 2 January 2001 to 11 March 2011 and mutual information to measure the statistical interdependence between stock prices, we construct a corresponding weighted network for 501 Shanghai stocks in every given window. Next, we extract its maximal spanning tree and understand the structure variation of Shanghai stock market by analyzing the average path length, the influence of the center node and the p-value for every maximal spanning tree. A further analysis of the structure properties of maximal spanning trees over different periods of Shanghai stock market is carried out. All the obtained results indicate that the periods around 8 August 2005, 17 October 2007 and 25 December 2008 are turning points of Shanghai stock market, at turning points, the topology structure of the maximal spanning tree changes obviously: the degree of separation between nodes increases; the structure becomes looser; the influence of the center node gets smaller, and the degree distribution of the maximal spanning tree is no longer a power-law distribution. Lastly, we give an analysis of the variations of the single-step and multi-step survival ratios for all maximal spanning trees and find that two stocks are closely bonded and hard to be broken in a short term, on the contrary, no pair of stocks remains closely bonded for a long time.
CRAYFISH PREDATION ON TADPOLES : A COMPARISON BETWEEN A NATIVE (AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS PALLIPES) AND AN ALIEN SPECIES (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII).

In the laboratory, the motivation and/or ability to prey on anuran larvae (Bufo bufo, Rana kl. esculenta and R. italica) were compared between a native European (Austropotamobius pallipes) and an alien North American crayfish species (Procambarus clarkii). Both were skilled predators of tadpoles, adopting a sit-and-wait strategy. However, because P. clarkii displayed lower latency times in the presence of one of the three amphibians (Rana kl. esculenta) here tested, the hypothesis is raised that invasive crayfish are more opportunistic predators and possibly faster in switching to different prey than those species they are displacing. From a conservation perspective, these preliminary results further emphasise the importance of studies centred on the invasion-displacement dichotomy.
The Effects of Discourse Types on the Use of English Articles by Korean Learners of English: Oral vs. Written Narratives

Learning to use English articles appropriately has been considered a challenging task for L2 learners of English, especially when their L1s do not have a similar article system. Much research has been conducted in this area, but little has been studied about the effects of discourse types (i.e., spoken discourse versus written discourse) on the accurate production of English articles by L2 learners. The present study examined how Korean learners of English at distinct proficiency levels employed articles in oral narratives compared to written narratives. The results showed that the cognitive and performance constraints associated with spontaneous oral speech hindered learners from producing articles accurately. Furthermore, the effects of discourse types were found to be greater on the indefinite article, whose usage is considered more complex than the definite article. Concerning the proficiency levels, the intermediate learners exhibited patterns that are indicative of a considerable gap between implicit and explicit knowledge of English articles while the advanced learners seem to have stabilized in their use of articles. The findings of this study suggest that writing activities can be beneficial for learners at the beginning levels to increase the awareness of the English article system. For more proficient learners, speaking activities can be used to promote a more accurate production of articles in both speech and writing by utilizing their explicit knowledge of English articles.
Chlorophyll content in plants and fruit yield of strawberry plants grown on mulching

This study aimed to evaluate productive characteristics and levels of photosynthetic pigments in two strawberry cultivars on different types of mulching, in an open cultivation system. The experiment was a 2 x 4 factorial completely randomized block design, with 2 varieties (Camarosa and Camino Real) and 4 ground covers (black low-density polyethylene, silver lowdensity polyethylene, non-woven and no mulching), with three replications. The cultivars were analyzed for chlorophyll a and b content, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a/b ratio, number of fruits per plant, yield (ton ha-1), weight fruit mass, soluble solids (oBrix), total acidity, pH and soluble solids/total acidity ratio. The Camarosa showed higher yield than cv. Camino Real. The silver low-density polyethylene and nonwoven mulching treatment exhibited negative results, and are not recommended for the cultivation of Camarosa and Camino Real strawberries. The black low-density polyethylene mulching was the most recommended for growing such cultivars. Among the types of mulchings evaluated, the black lowdensity polyethylene achieved the best results and it is recommended for the Camarosa and Camino Real strawberry cultivars.
Growth, photosynthesis and respiratory response to copper in Lemna minor: a potential use of duckweed in biomonitoring.

Aquatic macrophytes are known to accumulate various heavy metals in their biomass. This accumulation is often accompanied by physiological changes which can be used in biomonitoring for aquatic pollution. In this study, the impact of copper (Cu) on the growth of the duckweed Lemna minor, followed by its removal, was studied with 0.1–1.0 mg/L of Cu in a quarter Coic and Lesaint solution at pH=6.1. In order to verify duckweed tolerance to Cu, photosynthesis was measured at the maximal concentration which caused no effect on the plant growth. The results showed that copper inhibited Lemna growth at concentrations ≥ 0.3 mg/L. At 0.2 mg/L, the final biomass was approximately four times greater than the initial biomass. Analysis of metal concentration in water showed that Lemna minor was responsible for the removal of 26% of Cu from the solution. In the presence of Cu, respiration was reduced, while photosynthesis increased considerably. Net photosynthesis approximately increased three times compared to the control. Copper was responsible for 130-290% increase in the photosynthetic activities. These results suggested that Lemna minor could be a good tool for the evaluation of copper pollution in biomonitoring programs.
Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century

Perhaps Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens have won the argument for secularism with the majority of the West. But the facts point in the other direction: what no one has noticed is that far from declining, religious populations are actually multiplying. This extraordinary demographic phenomenon indicates that the more religious people are, the more children they will have. Within Judaism, the Ultra-Orthodox will almost certainly achieve a majority status over their liberal counterparts this century. Evangelical and neo-traditional Christians will follow suit and Islamist Muslims and are not far behind. Not only will the religious eventually triumph over the non-religious, but it is those who are the most extreme who have the largest families. Drawing on extensive demographic research, and considering questions of multiculturalism, nationalism and terrorism, Kaufmann examines the implications of the decline in liberal secularism as religious conservatism rises – and what it will mean for the future of western modernity.
McMeasuring Diplomacy: Modeling Determinants of International Public Opinion Toward the United States

This paper is concerned with modeling the extent to which external factors affect political attitudes toward the United States. The data is concerned with how economic, governance, and cultural factors impact attitudes regarding the favorability of the United States in the eyes of the world, and testing the empirical implications of Thomas Friedman’s Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention. The results suggest a strong negative relationship between a country being a Muslim majority country and the favorability of the United States in that country, a positive relationship between the perceived “Voice and Accountability” of a country and the favorability of the United States in that country. Although the study finds no relationship between trade in general and the favorability of the United States—the study does find that trade with domestically producing firms of the United States increases the favorability of the United States abroad. McMEASURING DIPLOMACY 3 McMeasuring Diplomacy: Modeling Determinants of International Public Opinion Toward the United States
Effect of feed additives on the results of fattening and selected slaughter and quality traits of pork meat of pigs with different genotypes

High requirements imposed on pork producers in the field of the quality of meat are favourable for the intensification of studies on feed additives, in particular substitutes of feed antibiotics (AGP) (Kjeldsen, 2002). In pig production, we may observe a constant decline of the application of feed antibi- otics, with the increase in the use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes (Bjornerot et al., 1996). In the light of available studies, the effectiveness of the al- ternative application of AGP biostimulators, among ABSTRACT: The effect of feed additives: antibiotic (group C), probiotic (group E1) and prebiotic (group E2) on the results of fattening and selected slaughter and pork meat quality traits of two genotypes of pigs (PLW × PL) × BL and (PLW × PL) × Dur, gilts and hogs, was determined. The results obtained for the examined traits in the feeding groups under comparison were slightly differentiated. The growth rate and feed conversion differed between the genetic groups in favour of crossbred fatteners with the proportion of Dur breed ( P ≤ 0.01). The mean backfat thickness from 5 measurements and loin "eye" area in fatteners derived from Dur sires as compared to hybrids coming from BL sires were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01) while the length of carcass was higher (P ≤ 0.01). The gilts were characterized by better meatiness than boars: loin "eye" area, loin weight without backfat and skin, ham weight without backfat and skin differed on the level of P ≤ 0.05, and meatiness of carcass and meatiness of basic cuts at P ≤ 0.01. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) or highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences in the proportions of acids: C 18:2 , C 18:3 , C 20:4 , C 22:4 and PUFA in the lipid fraction of MLD were found between the feeding groups. The proportion of the above-mentioned acids was lower in group E2 and higher in group E1 as compared to C. The proportion of the acid C 18:1 was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in group E2 as compared to E1. The demonstrated differences indicate the need of further studies in this respect. In pig fattening there is a possibility of effectively replacing feed antibiotics with other additives. The application of biostimulators - probiotic Bactocell or oligosaccharide Bio-Mos instead of the antibiotic flavomycin appeared to be favourable. From the production aspect it seems to be justified to supplement the feed rations for fatteners during the first stage of fattening with feed additives from the group of probiotics or prebiotics.
Effects of Sexual Arousal on Commitment: The Moderating Role of the Arousing Source

Being sexually aroused by one’s partner is likely to increase one’s commitment to the partner; whereas being aroused by an alternative mate might decrease it. These patterns are conceivably moderated by satisfaction from one’s romantic relationship—higher satisfaction is likely to result with higher commitment when sexually aroused, whereas lower satisfaction is likely to result with lower commitment. I tested these predictions in two studies focusing on the sense of relationship commitment after sexual priming. In Study 1, thinking about having sex lead participants high on satisfaction to report higher commitment to their partner regardless of the source of arousal they were exposed to (partner/alternative). Conversely, participants low on satisfaction reported higher commitment after being sexually primed with their partner and lower commitment after being sexually primed with an alternative; however these trends were not significant. When thinking about playing badminton with someone, those high on satisfaction reported higher commitment regardless of relational context (partner/alternative), whereas those low on satisfaction reported higher commitment only when thinking about their partner. Study 2 focused on shame and guilt as underlying mechanisms to explain the Study 1 findings. Results supported my initial prediction about prime, context and satisfaction. However, feeling shame and guilt did not mediate the association between sexual arousal, target of arousal (partner/alternative), and commitment. Implications for sexual activation, commitment, and close relationships in general are discussed.
Impacts of management practices on soil organic carbon in degraded alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau

Grassland soil organic carbon (SOC) is sensitive to anthropogenic activities. Increased anthropogenic disturbance related to overgrazing has led to widespread alpine grassland degradation on the Tibetan Plateau. The degraded grasslands are considered to have great potential for carbon sequestration after adoption of improved management practices. Here, we calibrated and employed the Century model to investigate the effects of overgrazing and improved managements on the SOC dynamics in alpine meadows. We calibrated the Century model against plant productivity at the Haibei Research Station. SOC stocks for validation were obtained in 2009-2010 from degraded alpine meadows in two communes. We found that Century model can successfully capture grassland SOC changes. Overall, our simulation suggests that degraded alpine meadow SOC significantly increased with the advent of restoration management from 2011 to 2030. Carbon sequestration rates ranged between 0.04 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) in lightly degraded winter grazing grasslands and 2.0 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) in moderately degraded summer grazing grasslands. Our modelling work also predicts that improve management in degraded Tibetan grasslands will contribute to an annual carbon sink of 0.022-0.059 Pg C yr(-1). These results imply that restoration of degraded grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau has great potential for soil carbon sequestration to mitigate greenhouse gases.
Dark matter substructure modelling and sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to Galactic dark halos

Hierarchical structure formation leads to a clumpy distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way. These clumps are possible targets to search for dark matter annihilation with present and future γ-ray instruments. Many uncertainties exist on the clump distribution, leading to disputed conclusions about the expected number of detectable clumps and the ensuing limits that can be obtained from non-detection. In this paper, we use the CLUMPY code to simulate thousands of skymaps for several clump distributions. This allows us to statistically assess the typical properties (mass, distance, angular size, luminosity) of the detectable clumps. Varying parameters of the clump distributions allows us to identify the key quantities to which the number of detectable clumps is the most sensitive. Focusing our analysis on two extreme clump configurations, yet consistent with results from numerical simulations, we revisit and compare various calculations made for the Fermi-LAT instrument, in terms of number of dark clumps expected and the angular power spectrum for the Galactic signal. We then focus on the prospects of detecting dark clumps with the future CTA instrument, for which we make a detailed sensitivity analysis using open-source CTA software. Based on a realistic scenario for the foreseen CTA extragalactic survey, and accounting for a post-trial sensitivity in the survey, we show that we obtain competitive and complementary limits to those based on long observation of a single bright dwarf spheroidal galaxy.
Healthy Employees and Service Quality in the Healthcare Sector

Titulo: Empleados saludables y calidad de servicio en el sector sanitario Resumen: En este estudio se analiza el papel mediador de los afectos positivos y el engagement en el trabajo entre creencias de eficacia y calidad de servicio (desempeno, compromiso, calidad percibida) en el personal sanitario (N = 154) de un hospital de la Comunidad Valenciana. Basado en el Modelo de Organizaciones Saludables y Resilientes (HERO) (Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, y Martinez, 2012) analisis de ecuaciones estructurales y booststrapping revelan que el afecto positivo y el engagement en el trabajo media entre las creencias de eficacia y la calidad de servicio. Concretamente, aquellos empleados con mayores creencias de eficacia, presentan mayor afecto positivo y mas engagement en el trabajo que a su vez, se relaciona positivamente con mayor calidad de servicio. Palabras clave: Eficacia; afecto positivo; engagement; calidad de servicio; hospitales.
Indigenous Aquatic Resource Use in Two Tropical Australian River Catchments : the Fitzroy River ( W . A . ) and Daly River ( N . T . )

Indigenous people in north Australia extensively utilise wild resources as a food source, for art, craft and medicinal supplies, and these resources are part of a socially and culturally significant landscape. Using data collected during household surveys across two catchments in north Australia, the Daly River (NT) and the Fitzroy River (WA), we describe indigenous aquatic resource use patterns. The Daly River is a perennial system with extensive vegetated wetlands that can remain inundated for long periods of time (4-5 months). In contrast, the Fitzroy River can cease to flow during the winter dry season (May – October) and its floods have residence times that are usually weeks long. Subsistence strategies in the study catchments depend on seasonal availability of a wide array of aquatic species and are attuned to the life histories and movement patterns of key species, such as Long-necked Turtle (Chelodina rugosa) and Magpie Goose (Anseranas semipalmata). Indigenous households in the two study catchments harvested resources from different habitats. The results show a clear progression from use of the main river channel shortly after the wet season to use of billabongs late in the dry season in the Daly River, with a constant reliance on the main river channel and tributaries in the Fitzroy River. Differences in the main species utilised in the 1 Principal Research Scientist, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PMB 44, Winnellie NT 0822. Corresponding author: sue.jackson@csiro.au Tel: +618 89448415. Fax: +618 89448444. 2 CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PMB 44, Winnellie NT 0822. 3 CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PMB 44, Winnellie NT 0822.
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND ECONOMIC EXPANSION: A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

The relation between trade liberalization and economic expansion is a controversial topic in economics. Despite the differences in their econometric techniques, various authors have tried to answer the question: What is the mechanism by which higher rates of growth of exports are associated with higher growth rates of real output? This paper re-examines the export-led growth hypothesis employing data from four European countries, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. For a long period of time these countries experienced similar macroeconomic features and constituted a competitive group in the European Union. The interesting aspect of the econometric framework adopted in this paper is that Granger multivariate tests based on error correction modeling are examined for robustness using impulse response functions. Such an empirical procedure will, it is hoped, provide insights into the appropriate long-run strategy that should be applied by Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, if they pursue the increase of exports in order to enhance the level of economic growth. The sensitivity analysis of this paper provides evidence for the export-led growth hypothesis for Ireland but the hypothesis is rejected for the other three countries.