Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Topical Insulin Application on Wound Healing

The process of wound healing is a dynamic event during which the stages of fibroplasia, angiogenesis, and re-epithelization per fectly take place.The aim of this study is to compare the effects of wound irrigation by normal saline and topical insulin application, which we frequently use in clinical practice, on wound healing. The study covers a total of 20 male rats -10 for the insulin group and 10 for the control group. The first group received topical insulin application while the second group had irrigation by normal saline. The macroscopic outlook, collagen production, and wound contraction rates in the animals wounds were checked at the end of day 20. The rate of wound closing was found to be higher in the topical insulin group than the NS group at all times. Further, the period of complete wound closing was shorter than the insulin group. Histopathological analysis revealed that the ulceration and inflammation were localized in the subepithelial field in the skin cross-sections of the insulin group and that there was a significant increase in collagen bundles. Thus, we think that insulin can be an alternative to normal saline application spe cifically in chronic wounds related to diabetes and post-op wound care.
Influence of adenosine–induced hypotension on the canine myocardium rendered acutely ischaemic by artificial stenosis

An open–chest preparation was carried out in 14 pentobarbitone anaesthetized dogs in order to evaluate the myocardial effects of controlled hypotension induced by adenosine in the presence of a severe coronary stenosis that caused ischaemia of the left anterior ventricular wall. Myocardial performance, blood flow and metabolism were studied before and during a 78 ± 3% reduction of flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and during adenosine–induced hypotension (approximately 40% reduction of the mean arterial pressure) in the presence of the LAD stenosis. The LAD stenosis decreased the myocardial lactate uptake (P <0.01), increased ST–T segment depression (P <0.05) of the left ventricular subendocardial ECG, and reduced cardiac output by 10% (P <0.05). In the presence of stenosis, the mean arterial pressure was reduced by adenosine from 10.4 ± 0.6 kPa to 6.3 ± 0.2 kPa for 15 min. Heart rate decreased by 22% (P <0.01). There was no change in cardiac output during hypotension, while the rate–pressure product decreased by 47% (P < 0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption decreased by 30 ±7%,. Adenosine increased the coronary sinus blood flow by 52% (P <0.01), while the LAD flow distal to the stenosis was not significantly reduced. Myocardial lactate uptake was not further reduced and subendocardial ECG signs of ischaemia were not aggravated by the hypotension. In conclusion, adenosine–induced hypotension did not aggravate the subendocardial ECG signs of acute poststenotic myocardial ischaemia. Nor did myocardial lactate determinations indicate aggravation of myocardial ischaemia. Reduced myocardial oxygen demand, as indicated by a reduced rate–pressure product and reduced myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rate, probably counteracted aggravation of ischaemia during the induced hypotension.
Interleukin‐9 receptor gene is transcriptionally regulated by nucleolin in T‐Cell lymphoma cells

Interleukin‐9 (IL‐9) is a multifunctional cytokine that not only has roles in immune and inflammatory responses but also is involved in growth‐promoting and anti‐apoptotic activities in multiple transformed cell lines, which suggests a potential role in tumorigenesis. Over‐expression of the receptor of IL‐9 (IL‐9R) occurs in several types of human leukemias and in radiation‐induced mouse T‐cell lymphoma (TL). The molecular mechanism that regulates transcription of the IL‐9R gene (Il9r) during leukemogenesis is, however, not well understood. Using a mouse TL cell line that has high expression of Il9r, we sought to dissect its promoter structure. Here we show that the active promoter for Il9r is located in the 5′‐flanking AT‐rich region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed the opening of chromatin structure of the promoter region coupled with nucleolin binding in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased localization of nucleolin in the nuclei of TL cells. These data indicate that increased expression of Il9r is associated with an increased binding of nucleolin, coupled with chromatin opening, to an AT‐rich region in the 5′‐flanking region of Il9r in TL cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resonantly Fiber-Coupled Diode-Pumped Ho3+: YLiF4 Laser in Continuous-Wave and Q-Switched Operation

In this paper, the theoretical quantitative energy-level character and the experimental laser performance of resonantly fiber-coupled diode-pumped Ho3+: YLiF4 (Ho: YLF) laser are first presented. More precise 2.7-level character of diode-pumped Ho: YLF laser can be acquired with our theoretical analysis. With the experimental study, a maximum slope efficiency of 88.5%, corresponding to an output power of 1.85 W, was obtained. In actively Q-switched operation, a maximum pulse energy of 0.3 mJ was achieved at the repetition frequency of 5 kHz with a minimum pulse duration of 160 ns. At a maximum repetition frequency of 100 kHz, a pulse energy of 16 μJ was achieved with a pulse duration of 816 ns. Both the performance in continuous-wave and Q-switched regimes indicates that the current resonantly fiber-coupled diode-pumped Ho: YLF laser has great potential in certain conditions that require several watts of average output power.
Cognitive function among sons of women who worked in dentistry.

OBJECTIVE Exposure to elemental mercury vapor can impair neurological function as it is neurotoxic in doses higher than usually found in dentistry. Little is known about the potential effects of fetal exposure to elemental mercury among offspring of female dental workers. We investigated cognitive function among offspring of women working in dentistry at the time of their pregnancy. METHODS We compared results for cognitive function examinations taken by the majority of young men in Sweden at the time of compulsory military enlistment (age 17-18 years). Sons of female dentists (N=365) and dental nurses (N=3181) born during the 1960-1970s were compared with sons of female physicians (N=378) and assistant nurses (N=12 667). RESULTS Analysis by linear regression showed that sons of dental workers had similar or higher cognitive function test results compared to their matched cohorts. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of poorer cognitive function among male offspring of female dentists or dental nurses.
Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with the combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and CHOP chemotherapy.

PURPOSE To determine the safety and efficacy of the combination of the chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, Rituxan (Rituximab, IDEC-C2B8; IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA), and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients with low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma received six infusions of Rituxan (375 mg/m2 per dose) in combination with six doses of CHOP chemotherapy. RESULTS The overall response rate was 95% (38 of 40 patients). Twenty-two patients experienced a complete response (55%), 16 patients had a partial response (40%), and two patients, who received no treatment, were classified as nonresponders. Medians for duration of response and time to progression had not been reached after a median observation time of 29 + months. Twenty-eight of 38 assessable patients (74%) continued in remission during this median follow-up period. The most frequent adverse events attributable to CHOP were alopecia (38 patients), neutropenia (31 patients), and fever (23 patients). The most frequent events attributed to Rituxan were fever and chills, observed primarily with the first infusion. No quantifiable immune response to the chimeric antibody was detected. In a subset of 18 patients, the bcl-2 [t(14;18)] translocation was positive in eight patients; seven of these patients had complete remissions and converted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negativity by completion of therapy. CONCLUSION This is the first report demonstrating the safety and efficacy of Rituxan anti-CD20 chimeric antibody in combination with standard-dose systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of indolent B-cell lymphoma. The clinical responses suggest an additive therapeutic benefit for the combination with no significant added toxicity. The conversion of bcl-2 from positive to negative by PCR in blood and/or marrow suggests possible clearing of minimal residual disease not previously demonstrated by CHOP chemotherapy alone.
Theories of agglomeration and regional economic growth: a historical review

In the 1990s and 2000s many observers argued that the then modern treatment of agglomeration economies and regional growth really represents a re-discovery by economists of well-rehearsed concepts and ideas with a long pedigree in economic geography. Advocates of this position doubted the validity or originality of much of this recent research. After many plenary and panel debates on the identification and integration potentials of geographical and economic perspectives of local economic development in recent years at conferences of economic geography, geography of innovation, regional studies, urban economics and regional science, a mixed picture emerged in 2018. There is some ongoing mutual criticism, with some economic geographers tending to ignore or forget more economic-based insights and findings, and vice versa, but there are also new lines of research aiming to build on the different insights emerging from the different fields. Yet economic geography as a discipline seems to be fervently looking for rights to exist, with observations that economic geography departments are de-prioritized, emasculated and increasingly out-placed at business schools (Martin 2018). Also, urban and regional policy on many scales increasingly demands economic geographical insights and applications. Many also share worries on the applicability of the still dominant Anglo-Saxon conceptualization in human and economic geography to situations and dynamics in transition and developing countries (Robinson and Roy 2015). Meanwhile, the new economic geography (NEG) debates have also fallen silent. After some years with little significant new developments in the NEG research field, an area that was thriving a decade ago, the focus of many economists has shifted more to urban economic explanations of development and to identification issues. These insights have become important in recent years owing to the burgeoning number of regional shocks which are evident, along with the greater shift towards more localized policies. The urban economics discipline has developed more accurate methods and modelling techniques than other disciplines for assessing both these shocks and the effectiveness of policy responses, but this does not imply a monopoly of knowledge over these issues. The more we understand these issues, the more we appreciate their complexity, and simple parsimonious model frameworks are rarely sufficient for explaining them. Moreover, after almost three decades of analytical and empirical debates, it is still not clear whether or when regional diversity or specialization are growth-enhancing phenomena (Beaudry and Schiffauerova 2009; Melo et al. 2009; De Groot et al. 2015), thereby questioning some of the claims of urban economics to have made significant strides forward (Ellison et al. 2010; Kerr and Kominers 2015; Faggio et al. 2017). Indeed, as we show in this chapter, explaining causalities and mechanisms of resilience and local economic growth needs integration of insights
Comparative dosing and efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular cancer patients with varying liver dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Sorafenib is the only FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In clinical practice, dose reductions are often required, although there are limited efficacy data related to dose modifications. Given the prevalence of HCC in South Texas, we assessed the efficacy and safety of sorafenib therapy in relation to dose and Child Pugh (CP) score. METHODS A retrospective analysis was done of advanced HCC patients, starting sorafenib at 400 mg twice daily, or at physician discretion at 400 mg daily, with the goal of titrating to twice daily. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. RESULTS Among 107 patients, median OS (mOS) was 10.2 months; median PFS (mPFS) was 5.2 months. mOS for sorafenib 400 mg/day was 6.6 vs. 800 mg/day was 12.8 months [hazard ratio (HR), 0.59; P=0.04]; mPFS was 3.5 vs. 5.9 months, respectively (HR, 0.66; P=0.07). For Child Pugh A class (CP-A) patients, mOS was 15.8 months for 400 mg/day vs. 12.8 months for 800 mg/day (HR, 1.48; P=0.35); mPFS was 9.0 vs. 5.9 months, respectively (HR, 1.23; P=0.56). For Child Pugh B class (CP-B) patients, mOS was 5.0 months for 400 mg/day vs. 11.2 months for 800 mg/day (HR, 0.33; P=0.002); mPFS was 2.1 vs. 5.6 months, respectively (HR, 0.41; P=0.006). No differences in adverse events (AEs) were observed in CP-A vs. CP-B. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CP-A or CP-B advanced HCC should be offered sorafenib at 400 mg twice daily with optimal management of AEs in order to improve survival.
Interspousal Communication on Family Planning and Its Effect on Contraceptive Adoption in Bangladesh

This article explores the hypothesis that interspousal communication on family planning significantly influences the use of contraceptive method in Bangladesh using the nationally representative 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed in the study. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis. Both cross-sectional and fixed-effect binary logistic regression models yielded quantitatively important and statistically reliable estimates of the positive effect of husband–wife discussion on family planning on the current use of contraceptive method. Son preference, current residence, region, and visitations by family planning workers are also important determinants of contraceptive use. Programs should be undertaken on behalf of the government to involve men in family planning to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate at the point that needs to achieve the replacement level of fertility in Bangladesh.
Fostering intrapreneurship and innovation through cultural transformation

In search for innovation in the global economy, large corporations are striving to become more intrapreneurial. Organizational culture is widely recognized as a source of influence either enabling or impeding intrapreneurship and innovation in organizations, and corporations commonly engage in culture management and transformation programs targeting at developing more intrapreneurship-supportive organizational cultures. However, these programs have demonstrated high failure rates, indicating a lack of understanding of what organizational culture is and how culture creation occurs. The objective of this study was to discover how large corporations can foster intrapreneurship and innovation through cultural transformation, and how organizational culture influences intrapreneurship and innovation. The research was conducted in form of literary review and analysis, combining the literature branches of organizational culture and cultural transformation with those of intrapreneurship and innovation. As a result, integrated models of intrapreneurship within a cultural framework and of transforming organizational culture towards more intrapreneurial were suggested. The model suggests that organizations should aim at developing a culture for change, firstly through providing a sociostructural framework supporting intrapreneurship, and secondly through encouraging certain cultural behaviors with management practices or organizational members acting as change agents. Through mechanisms of producing culture attributing and renegotiating meaning the underlying, deepest assumptions are being altered, which is then manifested at the more superficial levels of values and products of behavior. This study integrates two literature branches and proposes integrated models of intrapreneurship in the cultural framework. Further, it provides managerial implications on both strategic and operational level, introducing concepts and a framework for fostering intrapreneurship in organizations. This research calls for empirical data to validate the findings in future research. This study constitutes a part of Need for Speed, a research program funded by the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Tekes).
NON‐INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR OBTAINING FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION AND EMISSION SPECTRA IN VIVO

An intensified photodiode array forms the heart of a sensitive spectrophotofluorometry system that permits the rapid and non‐invasive determination of fluorescence emission spectra in the skin of living, non‐anesthetized animals. Using this system, we found it possible to obtain good emission and excitation spectra of the material responsible for the weak red fluorescence that characterizes normal mouse skin, and to follow the biosynthesis and subsequent clearance of protoporphyrin IX in the skin of non‐anesthetized mice that had been given various doses of the porphyrin precursor 5‐aminolevulinic acid.
Alpha attenuation soon after closing the eyes as an objective indicator of sleepiness

Attenuation of alpha rhythm in occipital derivation serves as a reliable electroencephalographic (EEG) marker of sleep onset. If such attenuation not only coincides with but also anticipates sleep onset, objective evaluation of sleepiness of permanently waking individuals might be facilitated by probing alpha attenuation immediately after closing eyes. We tested whether alpha‐based EEG indexes reflect self‐scored sleepiness and objectively measured waking ability. A total of 15 young adults self‐scored their sleepiness before and after recording of their resting EEG with a 2‐h interval in the course of 43–61‐h wakefulness. For each EEG record, power spectra were calculated on 2‐min intervals of the eyes open section and on five following 1‐min intervals of the eyes closed section. Aking ability was assessed as latency to sleep onset marked by zero‐crossing decline of such EEG indexes as alpha‐theta power difference in occipital derivation and scores on the second principal component of the EEG spectrum in frontal and occipital derivations. Alpha attenuation during the first minute with eyes closed was found to be significantly related to the levels of subjective sleepiness and waking ability. The relationship between alpha attenuation and subjective sleepiness was confirmed by analysing 1‐min eyes closed EEG recordings obtained with a 3‐h interval in the course of 24‐h sustained wakefulness of 130 adolescents and adults. We concluded that such 1‐min eyes closed EEG recordings might be used for simple and quick measurements of sleepiness and waking ability in experimental and field studies of permanently waking individuals.
Factors Influencing Infant Visits to Emergency Departments

Objectives. To follow the 1995 birth cohort of infants, born in the State of Missouri, through their first birthday to: 1) examine their rates of visits to emergency departments (EDs), 2) identify predictors of any ED visit, 3) examine rates of nonurgent ED visits, and 4) identify predictors of nonurgent visits. Methods. This was a retrospective population cohort study. Using deterministic linkage procedures, 2 databases at the Missouri Department of Health (DOH; (the patient abstract database and the birth registry database) were linked by DOH personnel. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes for ED visits were classified as emergent, urgent, or nonurgent by 2 researchers. Eight newborn characteristics were chosen for analysis. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the rates and predictors of both total and nonurgent ED visits. Results. There were 935 total ED visits and 153 nonurgent ED visits per 1000 infant years. The average number of visits was . 94, with 59% of infants having no visits, 21% having 1 ED visit, and 20% having 2 or more visits. Factors associated with increases in both total and nonurgent ED visits were Medicaid, self-pay, black race, rural region, presence of birth defects, and a nursery stay of >2 days. Significant interactions were found between Medicaid and race and Medicaid and rural regions on rates of ED use and nonurgent use. The highest rate of ED use, 1.8 per person year, was seen in white, rural infants on Medicaid, and the lowest rate (.4 per person year) was seen in urban white infants not on Medicaid. The highest rates of nonurgent use, . 3 per person year, were among urban and rural Medicaid infants of both races and among black infants on commercial insurance. The lowest nonurgent rate, . 04 per person year, was seen in white urban infants on commercial insurance. Conclusion. Infants in the State of Missouri have high rates of ED visits. Nonurgent visits are only a small portion of ED visits and cannot explain large variations in ED usage. Increased ED use by Medicaid patients may reflect continuing difficulties in accessing primary care.
The CD40 ligand expressed by human B cells costimulates B cell responses.

The possibility that activated B cells might express a ligand for CD40 that was of functional importance for B cell responses was examined by using highly purified human peripheral blood B cells, as well as a variety of B lymphoblastoid cell lines and hybridomas. Following stimulation with the combination of a calcium ionophore and a phorbol ester, human B cells bound a soluble fusion protein containing the extracellular portion of CD40 and the Fc region of IgG1 (CD40.Ig). A variety of B cell lines and hybridomas also bound CD40.Ig, either constitutively or after activation. In addition, CD40.Ig specifically immunoprecipitated a 33-kDa glycoprotein from surface 125I-labeled activated B cells. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the CD40 ligand mRNA amplified by RT-PCR from activated T cells and B cell lines was identical. The CD40 ligand expressed on human B cells was important functionally because homotypic aggregation of CD40 ligand-expressing B cells was inhibited by the CD40.Ig construct. Additionally, RNA and DNA synthesis as well as Ig production by polyclonally activated, highly purified peripheral B cells and a variety of B cell lines were inhibited significantly by the CD40.Ig construct. Finally, B cell lines expressing the CD40 ligand induced Ig production from resting normal B cells in a CD40-dependent manner. These results indicate that human B cells express a ligand for CD40 that is identical with that expressed by activated T cells and that the B cell-expressed CD40 ligand plays an important role in facilitating responses of activated B cells.