Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender differences exist in the association of leptin and adiponectin levels with insulin resistance parameters in prepubertal Arab children

Abstract Aim: Differences in correlations between leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance in children exist in different ethnic populations. No such information is available in Arab children. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-five prepubertal children were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences and fasting glucose were measured by standard procedures. Serum insulin, leptin and adiponectin were assayed by ELISA. Results: Leptin and adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR and insulin in all subjects and with fasting glucose in girls only. Correlations of adiponectin with HOMA-IR and insulin in boys and of leptin with insulin in girls were independent of BMI, waist and hip circumferences. Conclusion: Gender differences exist in the distribution of adipocytokines in prepubertal children. The associations of adipocytokines with obesity biomarkers in prepubertal children suggest a causal link between childhood obesity and the risk of an early diabetes onset.
Simple memory: a theory for archicortex.

It is proposed that the most important characteristic of archicortex is its ability to perform a simple kind of memorizing task. It is shown that rather general numerical constraints roughly determine the dimensions of memorizing models for the mammalian brain, and from these is derived a general model for archicortex. The addition of further constraints leads to the notion of a simple representation, which is a way of translating a great deal of information into the firing of about 200 out of a population of 10 $^5$ cells. It is shown that if about 10 $^5$ simple representations are stored in such a population of cells, very little information about a single learnt event is necessary to provoke its recall. A detailed numerical examination is made of a particular example of this kind of memory, and various general conclusions are drawn from the analysis. The insight gained from these models is used to derive theories for various archicortical areas. A functional interpretation is given of the cells and synapses of the area entorhinalis, the prcsubiculum, the prosubiculum, the cornu ammonis and the fascia dentata. Many predictions are made, a substantial number of which must be true if the theory is correct. A general functional classification of typical archicortical cells is proposed.
Molecular and morphological evidence for an origin of the aberrant genus Milula within himalayan species of Allium (Alliacae).

Phylogenetic relationships between Allium and the monotypic Himalayan genus Milula were analyzed using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and of the intergenic spacers from the chloroplast trnD(GUC)-trnT(GGU) region. Both marker systems unambiguously placed Milula spicata within Allium subgenus Rhizirideum, close to A. cyathophorum. Morphologically, the main difference between Allium and Milula is the conspicuous spicate inflorescence of Milula vs the mostly capitate or umbellate inflorescences in Allium. Anatomical investigations of leaf characters support a close relationship of Milula with A. cyathophorum and A. mairei, whereas root characters are distinctive from other species of section Cyathophora. To maintain Allium as monophyletic, Milula has been included as A. spicatum in Allium subgenus Rhizirideum.
Hemispheric Asymmetry and Visuo-Olfactory Integration in Perceiving Subthreshold (Micro) Fearful Expressions

Multisensory integration is ubiquitous, facilitating perception beyond the limit of individual senses. This mechanism is especially salient when individual sensory input is weak (i.e., the principle of inverse effectiveness), fusing subthreshold cues into tangible percepts. Nevertheless, it is unclear how this rule applies to threat perception, synthesizing elusive, discrete traces of a threat into a discernible danger signal. In light of hemispheric asymmetry in threat processing, we combined parafoveal stimulus presentation and the contralateral P1 visual event-related potential to investigate how aversive olfactory inputs enhance visual perception of highly degraded, subthreshold fearful expressions. The dominant right hemisphere exhibited early visual discrimination between subtle fear and neutral expressions, independently of accompanying odors. In the left hemisphere, differential visual processing occurred only at the convergence of negative odors and minute facial fear, highlighting the success and necessity of visuo-olfactory threat integration in this disadvantaged hemisphere. Reaction time data from a subsequent dot-detection task complemented these neural findings, revealing odor-dependent and hemisphere-specific modulation of spatial attention to facial expressions. Our evidence thus indicates cross-modal threat integration in basic visual perception in humans that captures minimal threat information, especially in the blind right hemifield. Critically, this interaction between multisensory synergy and hemispheric asymmetry in threat perception may underlie the multifaceted fear experiences of everyday life.
Un espace rural à la loupe

Cet ouvrage, tire d’une these de doctorat en archeologie soutenue a l’universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, a pour objectif de restituer les etapes de la construction d’une micro-region du Berry par les societes de la Protohistoire a l’epoque contemporaine. La combinaison de la micro-echelle spatiale et du temps long constitue l’originalite de l’approche et favorise un meilleur reperage des ruptures et des continuites dans l’occupation du sol.
Developmental Disruption of Recurrent Inhibitory Feedback Results in Compensatory Adaptation in the Renshaw Cell–Motor Neuron Circuit

When activating muscles, motor neurons in the spinal cord also activate Renshaw cells, which provide recurrent inhibitory feedback to the motor neurons. The tight coupling with motor neurons suggests that Renshaw cells have an integral role in movement, a role that is yet to be elucidated. Here we used the selective expression of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor α2 (Chrna2) in mice to genetically target the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT) in Renshaw cells. Loss of VIAAT from Chrna2Cre-expressing Renshaw cells did not impact any aspect of drug-induced fictive locomotion in the neonatal mouse or change gait, motor coordination, or grip strength in adult mice of both sexes. However, motor neurons from neonatal mice lacking VIAAT in Renshaw cells received spontaneous inhibitory synaptic input with a reduced frequency, showed lower input resistance, and had an increased number of proprioceptive glutamatergic and calbindin-labeled putative Renshaw cell synapses on their soma and proximal dendrites. Concomitantly, Renshaw cells developed with increased excitability and a normal number of cholinergic motor neuron synapses, indicating a compensatory mechanism within the recurrent inhibitory feedback circuit. Our data suggest an integral role for Renshaw cell signaling in shaping the excitability and synaptic input to motor neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We here provide a deeper understanding of spinal cord circuit formation and the repercussions for the possible role for Renshaw cells in speed and force control. Our results suggest that while Renshaw cells are not directly required as an integral part of the locomotor coordination machinery, the development of their electrophysiological character is dependent on vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter-mediated signaling. Further, Renshaw cell signaling is closely associated with the molding of motor neuron character proposing the existence of a concerted maturation process, which seems to endow this particular spinal cord circuit with the plasticity to compensate for loss of the Renshaw cell in adult circuit function.
Where do you come from and what are you going to become, reactive astrocyte?

Astrocytes are fascinating resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They overcome neurons in number, and they were long believed to play a mere structural and homeostatic function in the healthy brain and spinal cord. This shortsighted view has now profoundly changed and astrocytes are universally recognized as one of the major players in the response of brain tissue to pathological conditions. In particular, following an acute brain injury (such as stroke or stab wound) but also in chronic degenerative pathologies, astrocytes leave their quiescent state and become activated (1). Reactive astrocytes undergo significant and substantial changes, in fact they: (I) become hypertrophic; (II) up-regulate intermediate filaments [composed of nestin, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)]; (III) activate cell proliferation; and (IV) migrate to the site of injury to form the so-called “glial scar” (1).
Strand exchange in lambda integrative recombination: genetics, biochemistry, and models.

We have asked, "What is the mechanism of strand exchange during site-specific recombination of phage lambda? " Crosses carried out in vivo have shown that the recombination joint can be extended rather than flush and that the four-strand breaks and rejoinings needed to from a recombinant can occur asynchronously. Crosses carried out in vitro have shown that all the nucleotides at the site of crossover are conserved during recombination, as are most or all of the superhelical turns present in the substrate molecules. We have presented new data showing that topoisomerase activity of Int protein relaxes DNA by making transient single-strand, rather than double-strand, breaks in the phosphodiester back-bone. These findings are incorporated into a model for strand exchange that has as its central intermediate a four-strand structure.
Metabolic, enzymatic, and transporter responses in human muscle during three consecutive days of exercise and recovery.

This study investigated the responses in substrate- and energy-based properties to repetitive days of prolonged submaximal exercise and recovery. Twelve untrained volunteers (Vo(2)(peak) = 44.8 +/- 2.0 ml.kg(-1). min(-1), mean +/- SE) cycled ( approximately 60 Vo(2)(peak)) on three consecutive days followed by 3 days of recovery. Tissue samples were extracted from the vastus lateralis both pre- and postexercise on day 1 (E1), day 3 (E3), and during recovery (R1, R2, R3) and were analyzed for changes in metabolism, substrate, and enzymatic and transporter responses. For the metabolic properties (mmol/kg(-1) dry wt), exercise on E1 resulted in reductions (P < 0.05) in phosphocreatine (PCr; 80 +/- 1.9 vs. 41.2 +/- 3.0) and increases (P < 0.05) in inosine monophosphate (IMP; 0.13 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.2) and lactate (3.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 19.2 +/- 4.3). At E3, both IMP and lactate were lower (P < 0.05) during exercise. For the transporters, the experimental protocol resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1; 29% by R1), an increase in GLUT4 (29% by E3), and increases (P < 0.05) for both monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) (for MCT1, 23% by R2 and for MCT4, 18% by R1). Of the mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme activities examined, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and hexokinase were both reduced (P < 0.05) by exercise at E1 and in the case of hexokinase and phosphorylase by exercise on E3. With the exception at COX, which was lower (P < 0.05) at R1, no differences in enzyme activities existed at rest between E, E3, and recovery days. Results suggest that the glucose and lactate transporters are among the earliest adaptive responses of substrate and metabolic properties studied to the sudden onset of regular low-intensity exercise.
Placenta Previa Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for a Small For Gestational Age Infant

Previous studies have presented conflicting evidence on the association between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and placenta previa, with some groups reporting rates of IUGR as high as 16-19%. However, most of these studies failed to include a control population, included patients with other factors known to be associated with IUGR (eg, chronic hypertension, fetal anomalies, pregnancy-induced hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, etc), and/or did not confirm the patient's estimated gestational age. During the study period of January 1,1980 through June 30, 1990, 54,969 deliveries occurred at the three affiliated hospitals of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Review of the delivery records revealed 179 singleton pregnancies with documented placenta previa and without the above exclusion factors. One hundred seventy-one of these 179 study patients were compared with 171 women without placenta previa matched for confirmed gestational age, race, parity, and fetal sex. The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants was 4.1% (seven of 171) in the study group and 5.8% (ten of 171) in the control group. Mean birth weights were 2559 and 2476 g, respectively. Neither difference was statistically significant. These results suggest that the prenatal diagnosis of an SGA fetus in a pregnancy complicated by placenta previa should not simply be attributed to abnormal placental implantation. Furthermore, routine ultrasonic examinations for growth in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa are not indicated.
Gender Inequality and Trade

The paper empirically explores the international linkages between gender inequality and trade flows of a sample of 92 developed and developing countries. The focus is on comparative advantage in labour-intensive manufactured goods. The results indicate that gender wage inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, that is, countries with a larger gender wage gap have higher exports of these goods. Also, gender inequality in labour force activity rates and educational attainment rates are negatively linked with comparative advantage in labour-intensive commodities.
EFFECTS OF IRON ON CHLOROPHYLLOUS PIGMENTS, ASCORBIC ACID, ACIDITY AND CARBOHYDRATES OF ANANAS COMOSUS (L.) MERR., SUPPLIED WITH NITRATE OR AMMONIUM SALTS.

In a former paper (12) data were presented on the effects of iron on growth, certain physiochemical properties, and ash constituents of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. The present paper is concerned with data from the same plants pertaining to the amounts and distribution of chlorophyll, carotenoid pigments, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, dextrose, l? vulose, sucrose, starch, the pentosan and hexosan fractions of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignins in different sections of the leaves, stem, and roots.
Autologous fat grafting and breast cancer recurrences: Retrospective analysis of a series of 100 procedures in 64 patients

Abstract Autologous fat transfer (AFT) enhances the cosmetic results of breast reconstruction and corrects breast conserving operation sequelae. The question of its oncological safety remains, as in-vitro experiences have shown that adipocytes can stimulate cancer cell proliferation. This study analysed the records of patients who had AFT after breast cancer from 2004–2009. The primary end-point was cancer recurrence. The secondary end-points were AFT complications and post-AFT mammogram modifications. Sixty-four patients (100 AFT) were included. The mean follow-up for AFT was 46.44 months (SD = 21.4). Two breast cancer recurrences were recorded (3.1%). Among 55 mammograms analysed, only one patient presented radiological abnormalities. One complication of AFT (donor-site infection) was recorded. This series is in favour of the oncological safety of AFT after breast cancer. An accurate evaluation of the recurrence risk, before performing AFT, is an essential prerequisite and must lead one to postpone or avoid this procedure in high-risk patients.
Should We Give Up Hydrochlorothiazide as the Diuretic of Choice in Hypertension

The answer to this question could be considered as too normative, but a comparison between hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and other diuretics available –particularly chlorthalidone (CT) and indapamide– would let us approach what would be the best choice of a diuretic for a scheme of antihypertensive treatment. Thiazide-related drugs are among the most commonly drugs used to treat hypertension; antihypertensive action and benefits to risk reduction for several final indicators have been widely documented (1) and should be included in all the schemes prior to considering refractory a patient who does not meet the therapeutic goals. Although there are several drugs in the group, the most commonly used –and almost exclusively in our environment– in clinical trials are HCTZ and CT; more recently, IP was introduced, and although it is classified as akin to this group, some of its characteristics are different.
U-shaped line balancing model with an uncertainty time on some tasks

U-shaped Assembly Line (UAL) applies the just-in-time principle which decreases the waste in the operations. This paper presents the UAL model which bases on an uncertain task time. It consists of eight certain tasks and three uncertain tasks. The objective function of the model is the minimum number of workstations. The model formulates on a zero-one integer linear programming. The distribution of the uncertain tasks assume discrete. The procedure of the UAL model is run by INTLINPROG toolbox on MATLAB R2014a. The solution of the uncertain tasks is the earliest finish duration. The earliest finish tasks which assign along the UAL line affect the minimum workstations.
Acceleration of hard and soft tissue healing in the oral cavity by a single transmucosal injection of fluvastatin-impregnated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres. An in vitro and rodent in vivo study

Antihyperlipidemic drug statins reportedly promote both bone formation and soft tissue healing. We examined the effect of sustained-release, fluvastatin-impregnated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres on the promotion of bone and gingival healing at an extraction socket in vivo, and the effect of fluvastatin on epithelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro. The maxillary right first molar was extracted in rats, then one of the following was immediately injected, as a single dose, into the gingivobuccal fold: control (no administration), PLGA microspheres without a statin (active control), or PLGA microspheres containing 20 or 40 μg kg−1 of fluvastatin. At days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after injection, bone and soft tissue healing were histologically evaluated. Cell proliferation was measured under the effect of fluvastatin at dosages of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 50 μM. Cell migration and morphology were observed at dosages of 0 and 0.1 μM. Following tooth extraction, the statin significantly enhanced bone volume and density, connective tissue volume, and epithelial wound healing. In the in vitro study, it promoted significant proliferation and migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. A single dose of topically administered fluvastatin-impregnated PLGA microspheres promoted bone and soft tissue healing at the extraction site.
A Mode-Matching $\Sigma\Delta$ Closed-Loop Vibratory Gyroscope Readout Interface With a 0.004$^{\circ}$ /s/$\surd{\hbox{Hz}}$  Noise Floor Over a 50 Hz Band

This vibratory gyroscope readout interface exploits mode matching and boxcar sampling to reduce power dissipation. The interface ensures mode matching over MEMS and IC fabrication tolerances and ambient variations using background calibration, and addresses the bandwidth and gain-stability challenges raised by the high-Q sense element using a force-feedback architecture that is robust against spurious mechanical resonances. The interface is fabricated in 0.35-mum CMOS and achieves a noise floor of 0.004degs/radicHz over 50 Hz while dissipating 1 mW.
Cluster based localization algorithm in wireless networks

Given the locations of a small number of reference anchor nodes and the distances between neighbour nodes, various localization algorithms for wireless networks have been proposed. In this paper, we carry out a comparative evaluation of three different cluster based localization algorithms. The three different algorithms are based on the use of extended Kalman filter (EKF), semi-definite programming (SDP) and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS). Their cluster based variants are the decentralized EKF (DEKF), cluster based SDP (CSDP) and cluster based MDS (CMDS), respectively. The algorithms are evaluated in both static and low mobility environments. Simulation results show that DEKF performs as well as EKF in both static and low mobility environments, and they outperform CSDP and CMDS. DEKF requires less anchor nodes, smaller cluster, while achieving more accurate location estimation.
Difficulties Linked to Hebrew Language Among Immigrants in Israel

The present study examines language barriers experienced by Ethiopian women in Netanya, Israel. It aims at providing data on both the existing literature on the subject as well as on the empirical results based on answers to a questionnaire. In particular, this paper looks into the difficulties linked to the Hebrew language with regard to the integration of these women, which is regarded as a hindrance towards a better and thorough integration in the city of Netanya. This language barrier affects all aspects of their daily life particularly in the fields of education and employment. This investigation into language barriers is seen through the eyes of one Ethiopian woman within her three-generation family. In addition to the disadvantage linked to language, this survey points out the discrimination which this minority population, especially women faces. One of the areas of inequality in many countries is ethno-cultural disparities in health care. Among women, racial differences were found in breast cancer screening by mammography and in the use of hormone replacement treatment. These differences may be related to language barriers, lack of knowledge, and differences in attitudes, but the result is that ethnic minority populations may receive lower standards of care, leading to lower health status and even to higher mortality among migrant groups than the local population.