Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Near Surface Turbulence on the Aqueous Side of the Air-Water Interface with a Self-Contained Floating PIV system

A battery-powered in situ UnderWater Miniature PIV (UWMPIV) has been developed and deployed for field studies. Instead of generating high-energy laser pulses as in a conventional PIV system, the UWMPIV employs low-power Continuous Wave (CW) lasers and an oscillating mirror (galvanometer) to create an effective laser “sheet”. In order to study the effect of small-scale turbulence on CO2 transfer velocity across the air-water interface in oceans and lakes, the UWMPIV was mounted on a free-floating platform to measure the wind-wave surface layer of an open lake. Water surface can be automatically tracked from PIV images through image-processing or manually depending on the degree of surface distortion, particle density and bubble entrainment conditions. Turbulence structure below the water surface can be resolved at a resolution of O(1mm) on a dynamic triangle mesh. We have successfully deployed the system to measure turbulence structure during wind-wave generation and growth periods and on the open water with fully developed waves. The impact of platform motion on the measurement of vorticity and dissipation rate is discussed and found to be insignificant. Highly intermittent vortex structures were observed in the surface layer. Time averaged Reynolds shear stress profile shows that high local shear is present near water surface. One dimensional spectral density function for two velocity components demonstrates a -5/3 slope of the inertial sub-range. The dissipation rate estimated with the “direct method” and that with the “spectra fitting” method agreed well. Vertical profiles of the turbulence dissipation rate suggest a power law dependency with the depth below the water surface. Surface shear velocities estimated through the aqueous side Reynolds stress distribution agreed well with wind stresses estimated by the classic drag law for those “zero-fetch” wind wave cases, where the primary source of turbulence is wind shear. For the open water experiment under a very low-wind condition, a high dissipation rate was observed near the water surface, suggesting a high turbulence production rate by surface waves.
Choice of Anesthesia Technique in Elective Orthopedic Trauma Surgery Patients

Background: Anesthesiology plays a major role in developing preoperative patient care. As the field of anesthesiology improves, the options to apply better anesthetic procedures emerge. Furthermore, Neuraxial anesthesia increases the chances of better outcome for the patients. However, neuraxial anesthesia has not become yet the favorite choice of anesthesia method by all physicians and patients. Objectives: The aim of present study was to assess elective orthopedic trauma patient’s preference on the choice of anesthesia method and their primary reasons for their choices. Methods: Overall, 170 adult patients underwent elective orthopedic surgery after encountering various orthopedic traumas. It is important to note that the patients entered the study in a prospective cross sectional manner during a period of six months. A structured questionnaire consisting of two parts was used to interview the patients. The first part included the demographic data and the preferred anesthesia technique and the reasons for supporting these techniques. The second part was designed to assess the level of knowledge regarding the anesthesia methods. Results: Amongst 171 patients, 104 (60.8%) chose regional anesthesia (RA) in comparison to 67 (39.2%), who preferred general anesthesia (GA). The correlation between age and choice of anesthesia was significant (P = 0.001). Level of education did not affect the preferred choice of anesthesia (P = 0.651) nor the satisfaction score (P = 0.363). The satisfaction score with respect to received anesthesia was 9.29 ± 1.03 in the RA group and 8.7 ± 1.29 in the GA patients (P = 0.004). Conclusions: The current findings suggested that regional anesthesia was the most preferred satisfactory technique among orthopedic patients, especially older patients.
Testing Instruments For The Assessment Of 3 D Spatial Skills

 Assessment and improvement of spatial skills is a significant topic of research in the engineering graphics community. In order to conduct this type or research, various instruments are available for assessing spatial skill levels. This paper describes several instruments used by the authors with various audiences in conducting research in spatial skills development. Typical scores obtained in the research are also presented. INTRODUCTION: THE THEORY BEHIND THE PRACTICE Spatial visualisation abilities play a are important for success in engineering studies as many researchers have found (Leopold 2005, Sorby 2001, 2005, Juščáková 2003, 2004, Suzuki 2004, Tsutsumi 2004). A significant number of students enter technical studies without well developed spatial skills. Thus one of the main objectives in teaching subjects such as descriptive geometry, engineering graphics, computer graphics and/or computer aided design, is to provide students with the kind of teaching materials and to introduce new methods for enhancing “seeing” and “thinking” in a three-dimensional world. The introduction of this paper covers various aspects of the theories of perception and visualisation. Following that, testing instruments used in research on spatial abilities will be described and the results of the experiments using these testing instruments will be presented.
Capabilities of perfusion ASPECTS in predicting the efficiency of intravenous thrombolytic therapy 1

Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is increasingly used to diagnose ischemic stroke (IS), as well as to identify candidates for thrombolytic therapy (TLT). The feasibility of using this technique in all patients within the therapeutic window has not yet been established. Objective: To investigate cerebral blood flow according to PCT findings and its relationship to clinical and instrumental indicators and functional status of patients who received TLT in the acute period of IS. Patients and methods. 62 patients with acute IS who had received TLT were examined. All the patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations and PCT assessing cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) in 10 brain regions in accordance with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). The total result of perfusion ASPECTS was calculated separately for CBV, CBF and MTT, as well as for combinations of these parameters. The penumbra size was calculated as CBV minus MTT (CBV – MTT) ASPECTS, the infarct core size was measured as CBV + MTT ASPECTS. Results. There was an increase in MTT in most regions of interest of the affected hemisphere as compared to the intact one and a predominance of reversible perfusion disorders. The averaged penumbra size constituted three zones according to ASPECTS. No relationship was found between ASPECTS scores and the time from the onset of symptoms to hospital admission. Perfusion parameters, particularly the penumbra size (CBV – MTT), were associated with the degree of stenosis in the contralateral common carotid artery, body mass index, and blood triglyceride level. Cerebral blood flow indices were also influenced by red blood cell counts and ejection fraction. The scores of the perfusion scales were correlated with those of the non-contrast scale. The data of the investigated ASPECTS variants correlated with the level of neurological deficit in patients, its course, and the functional outcome of acute IS. Conclusion. The perfusion variants of ASPECTS have a high predictive value for patients' neurologic and functional status upon completion of the first treatment stage. The penumbra size (CBV – MTT ASPECTS) is a marker for the expected regression of neurological impairment during TLT. The infarct core size (CBV + MTT ASPECTS) determines the degree of neurologic deficit at a patient's discharge.
Impact Of Destination Image And Perceived Risk On Behavioral Intention Of Travelers To Nepal

Tourist behavior is always guided by the pre-visit decision making. This decision is based on the image that they have heard of the destination. The image tourists have of a destination is largely subjective, which may be further distorted or restored of the destination image with perceived risk associated with the visiting of the destination. Destination image is defined as an individual‘s mental representation of knowledge (beliefs), feelings and overall perception of a particular destination. Making visitors feel secure and safe before and during a vacation can be critical for international competitiveness of a destination, since visitors, in their travel plans, often consider multiple alternatives. Perceptions of risk and feelings of safety during travel have a strong influence on the avoidance of particular regions. So, this study aims to examine the relation between Nepal‘s destination image, its perceived risk among the tourists and their behavioral intention to revisit or recommendation. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists, of which 306 were collected and analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that destination image and behavioral intention of the tourist are positively correlated. The results show that natural and cultural attraction, carries the heaviest weight for destination image, followed by quality of hotels and restaurants, shopping facilities, local facilities and convenience and transportation. Likewise, perceived risk explain a variation in behavioral intention in tourist. In conclusion, destination image of Nepal is significantly related to the behavioral intention of visitors. This suggests that image of the destination and perceived risk factors plays an important role to attract tourists in a particular destination. Despite of being Nepal was recently hit by a severe earthquake, travelers have still made a favorable destination image about Nepal and continue to have positive behavioral intention to revisit or recommend. Similarly, reducing risk perception of travelers can also increase traveler behavioral intention. Besides the positive destination image attributes, risk perception should be taken into account for tourism marketing campaigns.
CHINESE 505 THE STRUCTURE OF CHINESE CHARACTERS AND SUBLEXICAL PROCESSING OF PHONETIC RADICALS

Three primed naming experiments were conducted to investigate the development of sublexical processing in reading Chinese. Target characters were either homophonic to (Experiments 1 and 2) or semantically related to (Experiment 3) phonetic radicals embedded in irregular complex characters, but not to the complex character themselves. For both the third and sixth grade school children, targets were named faster when they were preceded by such complex characters than by unrelated primes, although the semantic effect of complex characters was not signicant for the third grade children. It is argued that, from early on in learning to read Chinese, phonetic radicals embedded in complex characters are decomposed from visual input and used to activate their own phonological and semantic properties, in parallel to the processing of whole characters.
Chapter 4 Surgical Resection in HCC

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly disease. Its incidence is rising worldwide without significant improvement in survival in spite of improving therapies. A wide array of treatment options for HCC exist and include surgery, catheter-based therapies, radiation and systemic therapy. These modalities are often used in combination for optimal management in a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical resection remains one of the only curative therapeutic options for HCC, although it is indicated in select patients with localized disease. Herein, we cover the role of surgical resection in the management of HCC, reviewing the perioperative and operative considerations, in addition to highlighting the advances in minimally invasive surgery and novel navigation technologies.
Effect of reclaimed bauxite on andalusite-based refractory castables for tundish applications

The robust nature of alumina refractory materials presents opportunities for their in-process reclaiming and re-use in non-critical applications. Virgin refractories can be substituted with different quantities of reclaimed materials without compromising the quality of the refractory products. In this study, the effect of reclaimed bauxite on andalusite-containing refractory castables for tundish applications was investigated. The recycled bauxite was formulated in different proportions to replace virgin andalusite in the castables. Standard tests were conducted to evaluate the physical, physicochemical, and thermochemical properties of the formulated products. Static corrosion tests were conducted using tundish slag in order to simulate the actual operating conditions. The results show that the standard flow behaviour, open porosity, and bulk density of samples containing up to 22 mass% reclaimed bauxite were comparable to those of the reference castable. However, high-temperature properties such as static corrosion at 1400°C and hot modulus of rupture at 1500°C indicated that there is an upper constraint to the amount of substitution. The study demonstrated direct potential savings of up to 10% when the reclaimed alumina replacement ratio was increased to 22 mass%.
4 COMPLEX DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS AND EMBODIMENT

Although dynamical systems have been used by cognitive scientists for more than a decade already (e.g. Kugler, Kelso, and Turvey, 1980), dynamical systems first gained widespread attention in the mid-1990s (e.g. Kelso, 1995; Port and van Gelder, 1995; Thelen and Smith, 1994). Dynamical systems theory was then, and continues to be, a crucial tool for embodied cognitive science. The word dynamical simply means “changing over time” and thus a dynamical system is simply a system whose behavior evolves or changes over time. The scientific study of dynamical systems is concerned with understanding, modeling, and predicting the ways in which the behavior of a system changes over time. In the last few decades, thanks to increasing computational power, researchers have begun to investigate and understand the dynamic behavior of complex biological, cognitive, and social systems, using the concepts and tools of non-linear dynamical systems. In the next section, we will describe the key concepts of modern dynamical systems theory (complexity, self-organization, soft assembly, interaction dominance, and non-linearity). In the second section, we briefly discuss some dynamical analysis techniques used in the cognitive sciences. In the third, we give some examples of the application of complex dynamical systems theory and analysis in cognitive science. In the last, we sketch some consequences of the widespread applicability of dynamical approaches to understanding neural, cognitive, and social systems.
EMG Working Paper Series WP-EMG-21-2009 ‘ A Comparison of the Impact of Largest Family Shareholders and Institutional Blockholders on Informed Trading : Evidence from Hong Kong ’

The difference between the influence of largest family shareholders and institutional block-holders in the price discovery process is investigated, using a sample of firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Largest family shareholders are positively related to the overall informed trading level, but not to the structure change of informed trading. In contrast, institutional block-holders are not related to the overall level of informed trading but to the change in its structure. More informed trading tends to have a worse structure since it includes negative aspects of information. Largest family shareholders promote price discovery in positive strategic private information but their dominating effects hamper the process due to negative opportunistic effects, which leads to a loss of firm valuation. In contrast, institutional block-holders do not change the overall transparency of the information environment but do effect the structure of informed trading, increasing economic efficiency. There is more equality in the availability of opportunistic negative private information for the overall market, but only more availability of strategic positive private information to informed traders, which leads to a positive impact on firm valuation. Finally, investors put a bigger discount on the firm-level component of private information risk than overall private information risk, which contains market wide private information. They also put a bigger premium on the expected signal that indicates a good structure of informed trading. JEL Classification: D82, G14, G34
Chapter 5 Hybridization in Howler Monkeys : Current Understanding and Future Directions

Hybridization, or the process by which individuals from genetically distinct populations (e.g., species, subspecies) mate and produce at least some offspring, is of great relevance to understanding the basis of reproductive isolation and, in some cases, the origins of biodiversity. Natural hybridization among primates has been well documented for a few taxa, but just recently the genetic confi rmation of hybridization for a number of taxa has produced new awareness of the prevalence of this phenomenon within the order and its importance in primate evolution. The study of hybridization of Alouatta pigra and A. palliata in Mexico was among the fi rst to L. Cortés-Ortiz (*) Museum of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of Michigan , 1109 Geddes Avenue , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA e-mail: lcortes@umich.edu I. Agostini Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científi cas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET)—Instituto de Biología Subtropical , Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Puerto Iguazú , Argentina CeIBA (Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico) , Puerto Iguazú , Argentina e-mail: agostini.ilaria@gmail.com L. M. Aguiar Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. (UNILA) , Foz do Iguaçu , Brazil e-mail: lucas.aguiar@unila.edu. br M. Kelaita Department of Anthropology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA e-mail: mary.kelaita@utsa.edu F. E. Silva Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá , Tefé , Brazil J. C. Bicca-Marques Faculdade de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil e-mail: jcbicca@pucrs.br
Title Parallel View-Dependent Tessellation of Catmull-Clark Subdivision Surfaces Permalink

We present a strategy for performing view-adaptive, crack-free tessellation of Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces entirely on programmable graphics hardware. Our scheme extends the concept of breadth-first subdivision, which up to this point has only been applied to parametric patches. While mesh representations designed for a CPU often involve pointer-based structures and irregular perelement storage, neither of these is well-suited to GPU execution. To solve this problem, we use a simple yet effective data structure for representing a subdivision mesh, and design a careful algorithm to update the mesh in a completely parallel manner. We demonstrate that in spite of the complexities of the subdivision procedure, real-time tessellation to pixel-sized primitives can be done. Our implementation does not rely on any approximation of the limit surface, and avoids both subdivision cracks and T-junctions in the subdivided mesh. Using the approach in this paper, we are able to perform real-time subdivision for several static as well as animated models. Rendering performance is scalable for increasingly complex models. CR Categories: I.3. 7 [Computing Methodologies]: Computer Graphics—Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism; I.3. 6 [Computing Methodologies]: Computer Graphics—Methodology and Techniques
Deposition of amine-rich stable organic coatings by plasma co-polymerisation of ethylene , 1 , 3-butadiene and ammonia mixtures

It is established that amine-rich films play an important role in influencing cell processes. Yet, the high surface energy of such films leads to instability in aqueous media an important criterion for bio-applications. We investigate the plasma co-polymerisation of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene and ammonia mixtures in order to produce water stable, crosslinked films containing high concentrations of nitrogen functional groups.
Modeling of a mixture flow of helium and methanol in thermocatalytic reactor and chemical reactions on the intermethallic phase of Ni 3 Al

In this paper, the specified issues that occurs in the numerical modeling of complex phenomena of chemical reactions intensified with forced fluid flow in the thermocatalytic reactor channels on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al are presented. Based on the example of flowing mixture containing helium contaminated by methanol in a horizontal microchannels, heated from the outside, received results of the experiment were shown and compared with computational fluid dynamize calculations. However, standard version of commercial code have been expanded by user defined functions. These extensions transformed the calculation mechanisms and algorithms of computational fluid dynamize codes adapting them for the micro-flow cases and increased chemical reactions rate on an interphase between fluid and solid. Results obtained on the way of numerical calculations were compared with experimental data receiving satisfactory compliance.
Maintaining ( Locus of ) Control ? Assessing the Impact of Locus of Control on Education Decisions and Wages

This paper establishes that individuals with an internal locus of control, i.e., who believe that reinforcement in life comes from their own actions instead of being determined by luck or destiny, earn higher wages. However, this positive effect only translates into labor income via the channel of education. Factor structure models are implemented on an augmented data set coming from two different samples. By so doing, we are able to correct for potential biases that arise due to reverse causality and spurious correlation, and to investigate the impact of premarket locus of control on later outcomes. JEL Classification: C31, J24, J31. PsycINFO Classification: 2223, 3120.
FDI Diversion : Tax Proximity , Tax Complexity and Regionalism-a Spatial Autoregressive Analysis

This paper investigates tax-motivated spatial interdependence in bilateral FDI. The vast majority of the empirical literature on the effects of host-country tax regimes on FDI relies on an exclusively bilateral framework. This is surprising, because international taxation research has long recognised the presence of third-country effects in the international tax system and the relevance of bilateral withholding taxes for these network spillovers. I define tax-proximity as the net-of-taxes-on-repatriation return on FDI and analyse spatial interdependence in bilateral FDI in a two-regime spatial Durbin gravity model. Taking into account the tax-proximity between potential host countries of investment, I find strong spatial autoregressive relationships that are consistent with the export-platform motive for FDI. This suggests a considerable scope for diversion in bilateral FDI via third countries in response to bilateral taxes. To the extent that the tax-motivated FDI diversion is induced by double taxation treaties, this paper offers a direct measure of treaty shopping.