Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlled conformational transitions in the MVM virion expose the VP1 N-terminus and viral genome without particle disassembly.

Antisera were raised against peptides corresponding to the N-termini of capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 from the parvovirus minute virus of mice. Epitopes in the 142-amino-acid VP1-specific region were not accessible in the great majority of newly released viral particles, and sera directed against them failed to neutralize virus directly or deplete stocks of infectious virions. However, brief exposure to temperatures of 45 degreesC or more induced a conformational transition in a population of full virions, but not in empty viral particles, in which VP1-specific sequences became externally accessible. In contrast, the VP2 N-terminus was antibody-accessible in all full, but not empty, particles without prior treatment. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay, in which particles were heat-treated and/or preincubated with antibodies prior to electrophoresis, confirmed this pattern of epitope accessibility, showing that the heat-induced conformational transition produces a retarded form of virion that can be supershifted by incubation with VP1-specific sera. The proportion of virions undergoing transition increased with temperature, but at all temperatures up to 70 degreesC viral particles retained structure-specific antigenic determinants and remained essentially intact, without shedding individual polypeptide species or subunits. However, despite the apparent integrity of its protective coat, the genome became accessible to externally applied enzymes in an increasing proportion of virions through this temperature range, suggesting that the conformational transitions that expose VP1 likely also allow access to the genome. Heating particles to 80 degreesC or above finally induced disassembly to polypeptide monomers.
The Hand Is More Easily Fooled than the Eye: Users Are More Sensitive to Visual Interpenetration than to Visual-Proprioceptive Discrepancy

A virtual environment (VE) user's avatar may penetrate virtual objects. Some VE designers prevent visual interpenetration, assuming that prevention improves user experience. However, preventing visual avatar interpenetration causes a discrepancy between visual and proprioceptive cues. We investigated users' detection thresh-olds for visual interpenetration and visual-proprioceptive discrepancy and found that users are much less sensitive to visual-proprioceptive discrepancy than to visual interpenetration. We propose using this result to better deal with user penetration of virtual objects.
Unraveling the Glioma Epigenome—From Molecular Mechanisms to Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation and histone modification is frequently altered in human cancers including gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors. In diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas, epigenetic changes often present as aberrant hypermethylation of 5′‐cytosine‐guanine (CpG)‐rich regulatory sequences in a large variety of genes, a phenomenon referred to as glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G‐CIMP). G‐CIMP is particularly common but not restricted to gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or 2 (IDH2) mutation. Recent studies provided a mechanistic link between these genetic mutations and the associated widespread epigenetic modifications. Specifically, 2‐hydroxyglutarate, the oncometabolite produced by mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins, has been shown to function as a competitive inhibitor of various α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG)‐dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and members of the ten‐eleven‐translocation (TET) family of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. In this review article, we briefly address (i) the basic principles of epigenetic control of gene expression; (ii) the most important methods to analyze focal and global epigenetic alterations in cells and tissues; and (iii) the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas. Moreover, we discuss the promising roles of epigenetic alterations as molecular diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets, and highlight future perspectives toward unraveling the “glioma epigenome. ”
Results of All-Polyethylene Tibial Components as a Cost-Saving Technique

Since 1992, the authors have used an all polyethylene tibial component in relatively less active patients older than 70 years of age who present for primary total knee replacement. Results of 312 knee replacements performed between March 1992 and March 1998 are presented in the hopes of showing this technique as a viable cost saving measure. Three hundred twelve primary total knee replacements were performed by the same group of surgeons. Fourteen patients died before the first year postoperative evaluation, leaving an index group of 298 knees in 231 patients. All components were evaluated using the radiographic and clinical parameters of the Knee Society. Hospital for Special Surgery scores also were calculated. All patients were given the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Assessment preoperatively and annually postoperatively. Clinical scores showed dramatic improvement. There have been three revisions (0.7%) but none were for aseptic loosening. Radiographic review revealed 295 replacements with optimum fixation. To date, no patient has osteolysis. The cost differential was significant. The use of this type of tibial component has, to date, afforded excellent clinical and radiographic results. Additional followup is needed to show the longevity of these results and to monitor wear or subsidence of these prostheses. Should these results continue to prove satisfactory in this particular group of patients with relatively low physical demands, significant cost savings may be realized.
Tumor‐targeted and immune‐targeted monoclonal antibodies: Going from passive to active immunotherapy

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have inaugurated the concepts of tumor‐targeted therapy and personalized medicine. A new family of mAbs is currently emerging in the clinic, which target immune cells rather than cancer cells. These immune‐targeted therapies have recently demonstrated long‐term tumor responses in adults with refractory/relapsing metastatic solid tumors. Pediatric cancers are different from their adult counterparts in terms of histological features and immune infiltrates. However, the same immune checkpoint targets can be expressed within the microenvironment of pediatric tumors. The benefits of immune checkpoint blockade in pediatric cancers are currently under evaluation in early phase clinical trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1317–1325. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stock Selection Based on Fundamental Analysis Approach by Grey Relational Analysis: A Case of Turkey

Determining financial assets for investment is a significant problem for investors. Especially, since it is riskier in comparison with other financial assets, selecting common stock is not only important for investors but also, it is a complicated decision-making process, because, although they agree to accept a risk, common stock investors tend to keep the risk they undertake at a given level. With this purpose, investors prefer to conduct various analysis and predictions to decide which common stocks they will invest. In this study, by using micro and macro variables, which have been determined with a fundamental analysis approach, a common stock selection is conducted for nine different corporations doing activities in ten lines of business in Borsa Istanbul. In the study, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), which is developed in the framework of Grey System Theory, is used as a mathematical model. Therefore, a conclusion is obtained about which parameters are more important in selecting a common stock, and the efficiency of GRA Method is tested.
Nuclear factor-κB signaling and ezrin are essential for L1-mediated metastasis of colon cancer cells

Hyperactivation of β-catenin–T-cell-factor (TCF)-regulated gene transcription is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). The cell-neural adhesion molecule L1CAM (hereafter referred to as L1) is a target of β-catenin–TCF, exclusively expressed at the CRC invasive front in humans. L1 overexpression in CRC cells increases cell growth and motility, and promotes liver metastasis. Genes induced by L1 are also expressed in human CRC tissue but the mechanisms by which L1 confers metastasis are still unknown. We found that signaling by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is essential, because inhibition of signaling by the inhibitor of κB super repressor (IκB-SR) blocked L1-mediated metastasis. Overexpression of the NF-κB p65 subunit was sufficient to increase CRC cell proliferation, motility and metastasis. Binding of the L1 cytodomain to ezrin – a cytoskeleton-crosslinking protein – is necessary for metastasis because when binding to L1 was interrupted or ezrin gene expression was suppressed with specific shRNA, metastasis did not occur. L1 and ezrin bound to and mediated the phosphorylation of IκB. We also observed a complex containing IκB, L1 and ezrin in the juxtamembrane region of CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that L1, ezrin and phosphorylated p65 are co-expressed at the invasive front in human CRC tissue, indicating that L1-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling involving ezrin is a major route of CRC progression.
Survival May Not be for the Fittest (Lessons from some TV games)

In this paper we argue that biological fitness is a multi-objective concept hence the statement "fittest" is inappropriate. The following statement is proposed "Survival is mostly for those with non-dominated fitness". Also we use some TV games to show that under the following conditions: i) There are no dominant players. ii) At each time step successful players may eliminate some of their less successful competitors, Then the ultimate winner may not be the fittest (but close).
Perspektiven von Elektro-/Hybridfahrzeugen in einem Versorgungssystem mit hohem Anteil dezentraler und erneuerbarer Energiequellen

Der Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der mittel- bis langfristigen (bis 2050) energiewirtschaftlichen Perspektiven der Elektromobilitat (Plug-In-Hybridfahrzeuge und Elektrofahrzeuge) in einem Versorgungssystem mit hohem Anteil fluktuierender erneuerbarer Energien dar. In Szenarien wurden die Voraussetzungen fur eine erfolgreiche Technologie- und Marktentwicklung von Plug-In-Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeugen analysiert. Aus heutigen realen Fahrprofilen wurden Nutzerprofile und die daraus resultierende Stromnachfrage und Batteriekapazitat der Fahrzeugflotte am Netz in stundlicher Auflosung berechnet. Daraus konnte unter plausiblen Rahmenannahmen eine fur den Stromausgleich im Energiesystem zur Verfugung stehende Batteriekapazitat ermittelt und in ein volkswirtschaftlich kostenoptimierendes Energiesystemmodell integriert werden. Mit diesem Modell wurden dynamische Simulationen der Lastdeckung durch erneuerbare Energien, regelbare KWK- und Kondensationskraftwerke, stationare und mobile Stromspeicher sowie den weitraumigen Stromtransport im transeuropaischen Stromverbund durchgefuhrt. Die Szenarienanalysen zeigen das Potenzial einer gesteuerten Ladung der Fahrzeugbatterien zum Stromausgleich im Vergleich zu anderen Ausgleichsoptionen. In weiteren modellbasierten Untersuchungen wurden die Realisierbarkeit der netztechnischen Integration der Elektromobilitat und hierbei Synergieeffekte mit dezentralen Stromerzeugern auf den Ebenen Hausenergieversorgung, Verteilnetz und Ubertragungsnetz analysiert und Auswirkungen auf den Netzausbaubedarf untersucht.
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF PASSION FRUIT SEEDS AND ITS PROCESSING RESIDUE ( CAKE )

Despite the current efforts of companies to reuse process residues large amounts of passion fruit seeds are still underutilized by juice industries. Part of it has been used to produce seed oil due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids. The seed cake is the residue derived from the cold press of the seeds from oil production and it can still contain fatty acids and phenolic compounds of interest. This study aimed to apply different extraction techniques on passion fruit seeds and seed cake evaluating their performances in terms of process yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of extracts. The raw materials were supplied by the company Extrair Óleos Naturais located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The seeds were grounded in a blender prior to extraction while the seed cake received no pre-treatment. Extraction methods used were: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 (SC-CO2), conducted at 40 °C and 50 °C with pressures of 150 and 250 bar and 0.5 kgCO2/h; and the low pressure techniques (LPE) of cold maceration (MAC) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UE) using different organic solvents. The best yield results were obtained by SFE at 250 bar and 40 °C for the seed (27 ± 1 %) and by MAC with 50 % ethanol for cake (6 ± 1 %). The cake UE performed with 50 % ethanol presented the highest TPC result determined by the FolinCiocalteau method (336 ± 22 mggallic acid equivalents/gextract) and the best AA using the βcarotene bleaching method (88.8 ± 0 % AA after 120 min).
EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED IN MALE ALBINO RATS

Objective: Evaluation of the effect of the aqueous, alcohol and chloroform extract of Moringa oliefera on sexual behaviour of male albino rats. Methods: Plant extracts (aqueous, alcohol and chloroform) at doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg were administrated for 21 days. The female rats involved in mating were made receptive by hormonal treatment. The general mating behaviour, libido along with orientation behaviour was studied. The effect of the extract on body weight, reproductive and vital organ weight were determined. The most effective aqueous extract was further studied for its effect on hormonal assay and compared with the standard reference drug sildenafil citrate. Similarly adverse effects and acute toxicity of the extract were also evaluated. Results: Oral administration of aqueous, alcohol and chloroform extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the Mounting Frequency, Intromission Frequency and Ejaculation latency with reduction in Mounting Latency, Intromission Latency and Post Ejaculatory Interval. It also significantly increased the libido. The extract was also observed to be devoid of any adverse effects and showed negative results for acute toxicity. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that aqueous, alcohol and chloroform extract of M. oliefera seed enhance sexual behaviour in male rats. It also thus provides a rationale for the traditional use of M. oliefera as acclaimed aphrodisiac and for the management of male sexual disorders.
M-learning in Nigerian higher education: an experimental study with Edmodo

Social media technologies have recently gained remarkable popularity in the education sector. Recent research indicated that students rely on social media for educational purposes like social networking, chatting, and knowledge sharing. With social media aiding learning experiences, m-learning is anticipated to improve the application of social media. In the paper, we investigated the preference of social media tools and mobile devices for learning, their benefits and effectiveness, and how they can possibly improve learning process in Nigeria. Furthermore, we evaluated learning experiences of students using Edmodo social media-based learning environment in a Nigerian university. We used a mixed method research approach, where the data was triangulated from two questionnaires and students' interviews. Data gathered after the course shows that students learning response was improved. Students were eager to use mobile devices for accessing social media sites, thus providing experimental evidence of the place of social media in m-learning.
Full Color 3-D Imaging by Digital Holography and Removal of Chromatic Aberrations

In color digital holography the recording and reconstruction of three holograms, by an optical setup operating in multi-wavelength mode, is necessary. Incorrect superposition of different images at various wavelengths may occur due to the presence of chromatic aberrations. We demonstrate that the compensation of the chromatic aberrations can be achieved by using all of the information contained in the multi-wavelength digital holograms. Chromatic aberration is extracted from phase maps reconstructed at different wavelengths, resulting in perfect full color amplitude reconstructions. The method has important applications in color 3-D holographic imaging and display.
Assessing the Impact of Sexuality and HIV/AIDS Education in Africa.

Since the dawn of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the centrality of sexuality education and HIV/AIDS education as critical in efforts to curtail the disease has come to the fore. Before HIV/AIDS, sexuality education was a difficult paradigm to propose in Africa, with many stakeholders believing that sexuality education would promote sexuality and increase promiscuity among youth. With a continent rankled by religious and cultural fundamentalism, this belief rapidly gained support, and till date has not completely gone away. With the onset of HIV/AIDS and its predilection to affect un-educated and ignorant African population, policymakers have begun to accept the concept of sexuality education as key to eradicating the disease. Depuis la parution de l'epidemie du VIH/SIDA, la centralite de l'education sexuelle et l'education sur le VIH/SIDA comme approche critique dans les efforts pour reduire la maladie, se fait remarquer. Avant l'arrivee du VIH /SIDA, l'education sexuelle etait un paradigme difficile a proposer en Afrique car beaucoup de gens interesses croyaient que l'education sexuelle allait promouvoir la sexualite et augmenter la promiscuite chez la jeunesse. Etant donne un continent perturbe par l'integrisme religieux et culturel, cette croyance a rapidement attire des soutiens et jusqu'aujourd'hui, ce soutien n'a pas encore disparu. Avec l'arrivee du VIH /SIDA avec sa predilection a atteindre la population africaine illettree et ignorante, les decideurs ont commence a accepter le concept de l'education sexuelle comme un moyen d'eradiquer la maladie.
Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis: Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and FISH analysis with review of the literature

Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis only accounts for 0.2% of all carcinoid tumors in Japan. The clinicopathological features, including differences between Japanese and Europe/United States (Eur/US) series’, which are known in ovarian carcinoids, have not yet been sufficiently recognized. In the present study, five testicular carcinoids from various clinicopathological viewpoints were analyzed, with a review of the literature. All 15 cases in Japan, including 10 previously reported, were insular carcinoids. Three of the 15 cases (20%) were associated with a teratoma. Serotonin production was confirmed in at least 10 cases (five cases in the present study and five cases in previous studies), but carcinoid syndrome was present in only two cases. Three of the 15 cases (20%) showed distant metastases, and the tumors that metastasized were larger than those that did not. These features were almost similar to those observed in the Eur/US series. Three pure carcinoids were also studied for the number of sex chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). They did not show a significant numerical abnormality of the X chromosome, which is common in testicular germ cell tumors. Therefore, the genetic background of pure carcinoids might be different from that of common germ cell tumors.
Expression mosaic of odorant‐binding proteins in Drosophila olfactory organs

Deciphering the genome of the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, has revealed 39 genes coding for putative odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs), more than are known at present for any other insect species. Using specific antibodies, the expression mosaic of five such OBPs (OS‐E, OS‐F, LUSH, PBPRP2, PBPRP5) on the antenna and maxillary palp has been mapped in the electron microscope. It was found that (1) OBP expression does correlate with morphological sensillum types and subtypes, (2) several OBPs may be co‐localized in the same sensillum, and (3) OBP localization is not restricted to olfactory sensilla. The expression of PBPRP2 in antennal epidermis sheds some light on the possible evolution of OBPs. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:297–306, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Ultralow-Power Low-Voltage Class-AB Fully Differential OpAmp for Long-Life Autonomous Portable Equipment

This brief presents an ultralow-power class-AB operational amplifier (OpAmp) designed in a low-cost 0.18- μm CMOS technology. The proposed circuit uses transistors biased in the subthreshold region for low-voltage low-power operation. For a 0.8-V single supply, this OpAmp has 51-dB open-loop gain, 57-kHz unity-gain frequency, 60° phase margin, and 65-dB common-mode rejection ratio for 8-pF loads with a power consumption of only 1.2 μW. Experimental results illustrate performances such as a 0.14-V/μs slew rate and a 750-mV linear output swing, demonstrating its correct functionality.
Efficacy of Fixed Combination Antibiotics versus Separate Components in Otitis Media

Ampicillin and a fixed combination of erythromycin estolate-triple sulfonamide suspension proved equally effective in eradicating or ganisms and exudate in otitis media. Triple sulfonamide was not as effective as a number of other drugs tested for eliminating the pneu mococcus, and erythromycin estolate was not as effective as the fixed combination or ampicillin with Hemophilus influenzae.
On the Quantification of the Network Capacity Deferral Value of Distributed Generation

This paper presents an approach to the quantification of the distribution network capacity deferral value of distributed generation (DG). Besides different technical benefits such as reliability and power quality improvement, there are a number of economic benefits related to DG, the most important of which being the end-user electricity bill reduction capability. However, since the onset of the implementation of these technologies, the potential of DG to defer investments on distribution wires and transformers was soon realized, to the point that "non-wire solutions" are now considered as an alternative to network upgrades. In this work, a first approximation to the capacity deferral benefits brought about by DG is obtained. Such approach can be the starting point towards the development of a framework of credits to the owners of DG that fully and fairly recognize the deferral benefits provided to the utility. The financial performance of investments on these important technologies can be then improved, thus broadening DG as a viable market alternative for customers and utilities
A glycolipid on the surface of mouse natural killer cells

Cytotoxic treatment with rabbit antiserum raised against purified glycosphingolipid “asialo GM1” was capable of eliminating natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells from different inbred mouse strains including CBA/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, AKR, and athymic nude mice. The anti‐asialo GM 1 antiserum showed little cross‐reactivity with structurally related glycolipids, e.g. GM 1, GD 1 b and asialo GM 2 in the microflocculation test. The specific reactivity of this antiserum with NK cells was confirmed by the quantitative absorption of anti‐NK activity with graded amounts of asialo GM 1 but not with other glycosphingolipids. The absorption of anti‐brain‐associated T cell antigen (anti‐BAT) with asialo GM 1 also effectively diminished its anti‐NK activity, leaving the ability to kill T cells intact. This suggests that the antibody to asialo GM 1 is responsible for the anti‐NK activity contained in the anti‐BAT antiserum. In contrast to the extreme sensitivity of NK cells to anti‐asialo GM 1, alloreactive cytotoxic T killer cells generated in the mixed lymphocyte culture were not killed by anti‐asialo GM 1 and complement. These results indicate that asialo GM 1 is expressed on mouse NK cells in a high concentration.