Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complejidad sintáctica: ¿modalidad comunicativa o tipo textual? Estudio de casos de producciones textuales de estudiantes de 5° básico

Si bien la complejidad sintáctica ha sido preferentemente estudiada en producciones escritas, menos investigaciones se han desarrollado para explorar relaciones sintácticas en diferentes tipos de textos y las fases constitutivas de estos. este trabajo presenta un estudio de casos cuya finalidad es indagar acerca de la complejidad sintáctica en discursos monogestionados vinculándola con modalidad de comunicación y con secuencia textual. La muestra consistió en las producciones textuales narrativas y explicativas orales y escritas de cuatro estudiantes de quinto año básico a partir de la observación de dos estímulos audiovisuales. Los discursos elicitados fueron segmentados y codificados según tipos de pa-quetes clausulares y de cláusulas. Los resultados sugieren que los textos narrativos orales presentan una mayor extensión y diversidad léxica que los textos explicativos escritos. Asimismo, se encontró que los textos narra-tivos presentan una complejidad sintáctica interclausular; en cambio, los textos explicativos una complejidad intraclausular, como estrategia para condensar y empaquetar información al interior de la cláusula. Respecto de las relaciones interclausulares, los estudiantes utilizaron mayormente la parataxis simétrica para la construcción de la narración; en cambio, prefirieron la hipotaxis para la producción de la explicación. implicancias educativas sobre la producción textual se desprenden de este estudio.
Impact of social disadvantage and parental offending on rates of criminal offending among offspring of women with severe mental illness

Objective: Children of parents with severe mental illness have an increased risk of offending. Studies suggest that risk factors such as parental offending and social disadvantage may be associated with the increased risk. This paper assesses the impact of these risk factors on offending rates in the offspring of women with severe mental illness compared to offspring of unaffected women. Methods: This is part of a longitudinal record-linked whole-population study of 467,945 children born in Western Australia from 1980 to 2001 to mothers with severe mental illness and mothers with no recorded psychiatric illness. These data were linked to Western Australia corrective services data producing a dataset of 12,999 people with at least one offence (3.7% of birth cohort). Cox proportional hazard was used to calculate incidence rate ratios of offspring offending. Results: The offending rate for offspring of mothers with severe mental illness (cases) was almost three times the rate for offspring of unaffected mothers (comparison) with an unadjusted incidence rate ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval: [2.58, 2.93]). Adjusting for sex, indigenous status, socio-economic status and geographical remoteness reduced the rate ratio by 24% to incidence rate ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval: [1.97, 2.23]. Adjusting for parental offending further reduced the rate ratio by 23% to incidence rate ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval: [1.52, 1.72]. The mean age at first recorded offence was significantly lower for cases compared to comparison offspring. Conclusion: Children of mothers with a severe mental illness have a higher rate of offending than children of unaffected mothers, and social disadvantage and parental offending have a major impact on this rate. Services supporting these vulnerable children need to focus on improving the social environment in which they and their families live in.
Brain elimination half-life of fluvoxamine measured by 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

OBJECTIVE This study used fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F MRS) to characterize the elimination of fluvoxamine from the human brain after abrupt drug discontinuation. The elimination half-lives of fluvoxamine in brain and plasma were determined to assess their interdependence and the relationship of brain half-life to the clinical practice of drug holidays and reports of acute withdrawal symptoms. METHODS Six subjects completing clinical treatment with fluvoxamine were enrolled in the study. Spectroscopic quantification of whole brain fluvoxamine concentrations and chromatographic determination of plasma fluvoxamine levels were performed serially for up to 10 days after drug withdrawal. Psychiatric evaluation to assess withdrawal symptoms was also done at each scanning session. RESULTS Elimination of fluvoxamine in the brain and plasma was optimally described by first-order kinetics; the mean elimination half-lives were 58 hours and 26 hours, respectively. The mean ratio of fluvoxamine brain elimination half-life to plasma half-life was 2.4. Three of the six subjects experienced mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms between the third and fifth days of the study, which corresponded to between one and two brain half-lives of fluvoxamine. CONCLUSIONS The brain elimination half-life for fluorinated psychotropic compounds can be measured noninvasively by 19F MRS. The elimination half-life of fluvoxamine was found to be substantially longer for the brain than for plasma. The time course of withdrawal symptom onset and the rationale for drug holidays with fluvoxamine appear to be well explained by the brain elimination half-life.
The Theodicy of Natural Disasters

In 1993 Frank Press, President of the United States Academy of Sciences estimated that in a typical year ie. one without a major catastrophe on the scale of the Kobe earthquake or Sahel droughts, some 250,000 people will die and losses of US$40 billion will result from natural disasters (Press 1993). In recent years much has been written about the physical causes of and human responses to natural disasters (see: Hewitt, 1983a, 1983b; Alexander, 1993; Chester 1993; Blaikie et al. 1994 and Chester et al. 1996, for extensive bibliographies), and this vast literature reflects increasing concern over disaster losses and a growing realization that most losses are preventable. Prompted by this concern the United Nations has designated the nineteen-nineties the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, or IDNDR. With the exception of a training manual for foreign mission workers published by the Evangelical Interchurch Relief and Development Alliance (Davis and Wall 1992), trenchant reflections by Austin Farrer (1966) and limited treatment in works focusing on wider ecotheological issues (eg. Russell 1994: 35–50), theologians have been conspicuous by their absence from what is now a global debate on natural disasters and their mitigation.
Early predictors of long-term disability after injury.

BACKGROUND Improving outcomes after serious injury is important to patients, patients' families, and healthcare providers. Identifying early risk factors for long-term disability after injury will help critical care providers recognize patients at risk. OBJECTIVES To identify early predictors of long-term disability after injury and to ascertain if age, level of disability before injury, posttraumatic psychological distress, and social network factors during hospitalization and recovery significantly contribute to long-term disability after injury. METHODS A prospective, correlational design was used. Injury-specific information on 63 patients with serious, non-central nervous system injury was obtained from medical records; all other data were obtained from interviews (3 per patient) during a 2 1/2-year period. A model was developed to test the theoretical propositions of the disabling process. Predictors of long-term disability were evaluated using path analysis in the context of structural equation modeling. RESULTS Injuries were predominately due to motor vehicle crashes (37%) or violent assaults (21%). Mean Injury Severity Score was 13.46, and mean length of stay was 12 days. With structural equation modeling, 36% of the variance in long-term disability was explained by predictors present at the time of injury (age, disability before injury), during hospitalization (psychological distress), or soon after discharge (psychological distress, short-term disability after injury). CONCLUSIONS Disability after injury is due partly to an interplay between physical and psychological factors that can be identified soon after injury. By identifying these early predictors, patients at risk for suboptimal outcomes can be detected.
Effets antiépileptiques de la neurostimulation asservie dans un modèle d'épilepsie chez le rat

Malgre un traitement pharmacologique et chirurgical adapte, les crises d'epilepsie persistent chez environ 20% des patients. La neurostimulation des circuits generateurs et/ou de controle des crises constitue actuellement la principale approche therapeutique non lesionnelle innovante dans certaines formes d'epilepsies pharmaco-resistantes qui ne peuvent beneficier d'une chirurgie resective curative. L'objectif de ce travail a ete de developper un nouveau systeme de stimulation intracerebrale profonde qui soit efficace pour la suppression des crises sur le long terme sur un modele d'epilepsie absence chez le rat. Trois points principaux ont ete abordes : (i) la caracterisation de l'activite des ganglions de la base (GB) pendant les crises; (ii) le developpement d'un systeme de stimulation asservie sur le principe de "detection/stimulation" des crises; (iii) la quantification des effets antiepileptiques a long terme de la stimulation asservie. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de confirmer l'existence d'une propagation rapide des decharges de pointes ondes (DPO) du cortex vers le thalamus et les GB, et d'un controle endogene des crises par la substance noire reticulee (SNr), cible utilisee pour la modulation des crises. Malgre une periode refractaire de 40 s au cours de laquelle la stimulation est inefficace, les effets antiepileptiques de la stimulation asservie de la SNr se sont averes probants : taux eleve d'interruption des DPO par la stimulation (97%) accompagne d'une diminution de la survenue des DPO au cours du temps. Ces resultats constituent une preuve de concept de l'utilisation de la neurostimulation stimulation asservie dans le traitement de certaines formes d'epilepsie.
Ambulatory-treated Clostridium difficile infection: a comparison of community-acquired vs. nosocomial infection

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical outcomes of ambulatory-treated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and risk factors associated with community-associated CDI (CA-CDI). Adult patients diagnosed with CDI in the institutional or ambulatory-care setting between 1 April 2005 and 30 April 2011, with no other CDI diagnosis in the previous 180 days, and who purchased an ambulatory, anti-CDI agent within 7 days of CDI diagnosis were included. A total of 1201 patients were included with 914 (76%) and 287 (24%) identified with CA-CDI and nosocomial CDI (N-CDI), respectively. Patients with N-CDI were more likely to have had a recurrent CDI (P = 0·043) and died from any cause (P < 0·001). Patients with CA-CDI were younger, healthier, and had fewer traditional risk factors compared to patients with N-CDI. To prevent CA-CDI, clinicians should be aware that patients at risk for CA-CDI are unique from those at risk for N-CDI.
Bilobed Flap in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery: Simple Principles for Flap Construction

This report describes simple principles for constructing the bilobed flap in the periocular region. The results in a prospective series of 23 consecutive patients are presented. All patients achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic results with the use of this technique. These simple principles achieved consistently good results and can enable the surgeon to use this flap with greater confidence.
Expression of PDE5 splice variants during ontogenesis of chick dorsal root ganglia

Cyclic GMP (cGMP)‐binding cGMP‐specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) activity was found in chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG). PDE5 expression was studied at different stages of development: in embryonic day 10 (E10) and E18 embryos and in 5‐day post‐hatching chick (P5). The presence of PDE5 was suggested by the ion exchange chromatography elution profile in E18 DRG extracts, where cGMP‐specific hydrolytic calmodulin‐independent activity was found; in other stages, this activity coeluted with the PDE1 calmodulin‐stimulated isoform characterized previously. Inhibition studies supported the hypothesis that the newly identified PDE activity belongs to the PDE5 isoform. Western blot analysis using a PDE5‐specific antibody was also carried out and revealed the presence of three specific immunoreactive bands with apparent molecular weights of 98, 93, and 86 kDa, corresponding to the three described splice variants (PDE5A1, PDE5A2, and PDE5A3). The expression in DRG of the three PDE5 isoforms was also confirmed by RT‐PCR. Developmental regulation of PDE5 was revealed by the immunoblot analysis at different stages; expression was very low at E10 but an overall substantial increase occurred between E10–18 (about 12‐fold, considering the three PDE5 isoforms together). Differences were revealed, however, when a single PDE5 isoform was considered. PDE5A1 and PDE5A3 showed an increase at all stages although more pronounced between E10–18, whereas PDE5A2 underwent a marked increase (about 38‐fold) in the first period and remained nearly constant between E18 and P5. This is the first evidence of PDE5 in sensory neurons, and the distinct temporal expression patterns of enzyme isoforms may indicate different physiologic roles in developing and mature chick DRG. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rollover Prevention of Mobile Manipulators using Invariance Control and Recursive analytic Zmp Gradients

Abstract We present a rollover prevention control law for wheeled mobile manipulators based on the invariance control framework, and that makes use of recursively calculated analytic gradients of the mobile manipulator’s zero moment point. Our controller relaxes many of the assumptions made in existing approaches, and enhances robustness through the use of exact gradient information. Numerical experiments demonstrate the improved performance of our controller vis-à-vis existing rollover prevention schemes.
Determination of added water and bovine milk to caprine milk.

Increased production of commercial goat milk in Ontario stimulated an investigation to determine a base freezing point for goat milk for quantifying added water. A method also was developed for detection and estimation of degree of adulteration of goat milk with bovine milk. The mean freezing point based on 228 fresh herd samples of goat milk taken over 1 yr was -. 5527 degrees C (-.5719 degrees H). This mean was used to generate an added water table. A simple and direct polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoretic method was devised to determine semi-quantitatively bovine milk adulteration down to 5%. Both of these methods are currently in use for routine monitoring of goat milk adulteration in the province of Ontario.
Identification of a Cellular Factor That Modulates HIV-1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting*

Programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a distinctive mode of gene expression utilized by some viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), to produce multiple proteins from a single mRNA. −1 PRF induces a subset of elongating ribosomes to shift their translational reading frame by 1 base in the 5′ direction. The appropriate ratio of Gag to Gag-Pol synthesis is tightly regulated by the PRF signal which promotes ribosomes to shift frame, and even small changes in PRF efficiency, either up or down, have significant inhibitory effects upon virus production, making PRF essential for HIV-1 replication. Although little has been reported about the cellular factors that modulate HIV-1 PRF, the cis-acting elements regulating PRF have been extensively investigated, and the PRF signal of HIV-1 was shown to include a slippery site and frameshift stimulatory signal. Recently, a genome-wide screen performed to identify cellular factors that affect HIV-1 replication demonstrated that down-regulation of eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1) inhibited HIV-1 replication. Because of the eRF1 role in translation, we hypothesized that eRF1 is important for HIV-1 PRF. Using a dual luciferase reporter system harboring a HIV-1 PRF signal, results showed that depletion or inhibition of eRF1 enhanced PRF in yeast, rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and mammalian cells. Consistent with the eRF1 role in modulating HIV PRF, depleting eRF1 increased the Gag-Pol to Gag ratio in cells infected with replication-competent virus. The increase in PRF was independent of a proximal termination codon and did not result from increased ribosomal pausing at the slippery site. This is the first time that a cellular factor has been identified which can promote HIV-1 PRF and highlights HIV-1 PRF as essential for replication and an important but under exploited antiviral drug target.
Primary Peripheral T Cells Become Susceptible to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin-Mediated Apoptosis in Vitro upon Activation and in the Presence of Dendritic Cells

Although the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on T cells in vivo have been well characterized, attempts to reproduce these findings in vitro have not been successful. In the current study, we examined whether activation or the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) would make primary naive T cells from C57BL/6 mice susceptible to TCDD-induced apoptosis in vitro. Although nonactivated primary T cells cultured with 10 to 1000 nM TCDD were relatively resistant to apoptosis, they became sensitive to apoptosis upon activation with concanavalin A (ConA). Moreover, ConA-activated T cells cultured in the presence of DCs showed highest levels of TCDD-induced apoptosis. Likewise, primary T cells from OT.II. 2a mice cultured with specific ovalbumin peptide and syngeneic DCs showed higher levels of apoptosis compared with similar nonactivated T cells. T-cell activation led to up-regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), Fas, and Fas-ligand (FasL) expression. In addition, DC maturation and culture with TCDD caused significant induction of FasL. TCDD-mediated apoptosis in activated peripheral T cells was AhR-dependent. Analysis of why nonactivated T cells are more resistant, whereas activated T cells are sensitive to TCDD-induced apoptosis revealed that TCDD treatment of activated but not nonactivated T cells led to down-regulation of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), an inhibitor of apoptosis. Moreover, down-regulation of c-FLIP using small interfering RNA in nonactivated T cells made them sensitive to TCDD-induced apoptosis. The current study demonstrates for the first time that TCDD can induce apoptosis in vitro in peripheral T cells upon activation and in the presence of DCs and that this may be mediated by down-regulation of c-FLIP.
Undernutrition and anaemia among HAART-naïve HIV infected children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a case-controlled, hospital based study

Introduction Case control studies that assess the burden and factors associated with undernutrition and anaemia among HAART naïve HIV infected children in Nigeria is very sparse. This will help to formulate nutritional programs among these children. Methods Seventy HAART naive HIV infected children aged 18 months and above were as well as seventy age and sex matched HIV negative children were recruited from August 2007 to January 2009 at Paediatric Clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Their bio data, WHO clinical stage, anthropometric measurements, haematocrit, serum albumin and CD4 counts were taken with other parameters according to a study proforma. Results The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among the HIV infected subjects were 48. 6%,58. 6% and 31. 4% respectively which as significantly higher than 28. 1%, 7. 1% and 28. 1% among the HIV negative controls. 20. 1% of the HIV infected children were marasmic compared to 2. 3% of the controls. Triple anthropometric failure was found in 7. 1% of the subjects as compared to none among the controls. Anaemia is significantly more prevalent among the subjects than the controls (70. 0% vs 31. 4%; p<0. 001). The prevalence of anaemia was higher in the HIV infected subjects with undernutrition. Low socioeconomic status, hypoalbuminemia and severe immunosuppression are significantly associated with higher undernutrition prevalence. Conclusion Several years after availability of HAART, undernutrition and anaemia remain widely prevalent among newly presenting HAART naïve HIV infected Nigerian children. Nutritional supplementation and evaluation for anaemia still need close attention in the management of these children.
Purification and characterization of FMRFamidelike immunoreactive substances from the lobster nervous system: Isolation and sequence analysis of two closely related peptides

In the preceding paper (Kobierski et al: J. Comp. Neurol. 266:1–15, '87) FMRFamidelike immunoreactivity (FLI) was localized to specific cells and processes in the nervous system of the lobster Homarus americanus. In an effort to establish a role for this material we have purified and characterized a variety of immunoreactive peptides that can be extracted from the secretory pericardial organs. By using gel‐filtration chromatography and three different HPLC systems, it has been established that little or no authentic FMRFamide is present. Of the major immunoreactive components two peptides were purified in sufficient quantity for microsequence analysis and have been tentatively identified as the octapeptides Ser‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Phe‐Leu‐Arg‐Phe‐amide (FLI 3) and Thr‐Asn‐Arg‐Asn‐Phe‐Leu‐Arg‐Phe‐amide (FLI 4). Both of these are novel neuropeptides with some sequence homology to the previously described FMRFamide family.
Contrast‐enhanced, k‐space‐centered, breath‐hold MR angiography of the renal arteries and the abdominal aorta

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of contrast‐enhanced breath‐hold fast imaging with steady‐state precession (FISP) three‐dimensional MR angiography (MRA) to detect stenotic lesions of the abdominal aorta, the renal arteries, and the iliac arteries by using a k‐space‐centered 20‐ml gadolinium‐diethylene pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) bolus. Fifty patients were studied before conventional x‐ray angiography. Contrast‐enhanced breath‐hold FISP three‐dimensional MRA was applied in the coronal view, centered at the renal arteries. Twenty ml of Gd‐DTPA was used in all subjects. A test bolus was applied to determine the injection time for the k‐space‐centered bolus injection. Of 300 segments, 284 segments were classified correctly, 11 were overestimated, and five were underestimated. Sensitivity was 98%, specificity was 96%, positive predictive value was 96%, negative predictive value was 98%, and accuracy was 97%. Of the 50 patients studied, 43 were staged correctly. No venous overlay was seen in 31 patients; partial overlay was seen in 16 patients, and venous structure overlay obscuring arterial anatomy was found in two patients. Six of nine accessory renal arteries could be identified by MRA. Intraobserver variability was . 94. This study has shown the ability of contrast‐enhanced breath‐hold FISP three‐dimensional MRA to detect and grade vascular lesions in the abdominal aorta and the renal arteries. The method may serve as a screening tool in the future.
Hallucinations, Sensory Neuropathy, and Peripheral Visual Deficits in a Young Woman Infected with Bartonella koehlerae

ABSTRACT A young woman experiencing depression, anxiety, mood swings, severe headaches, muscle spasms, interphalangeal joint stiffness, decreased peripheral vision, diminished tactile sensation, and hallucinations was persistently Bartonella koehlerae seroreactive and bacteremic. Following antibiotic treatment, B. koehlerae antibodies and DNA were not detected and all symptoms resolved.