Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE'S PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK MOTIVATION (An Organizational Study at Four Hotels in Malang)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana kuat pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan transaksional terhadap motivasi kerja, memahami bagaimana kuat pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan transaksional terhadap kinerja karyawan, memahami bagaimana kuat pengaruh motivasi bekerja pada kinerja karyawan, dan memahami bagaimana kuat pengaruh tidak langsung dari gaya kepemimpinan transformasional pada kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi kerja. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian penjelasan dengan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap motivasi kerja tidak signifikan, gaya kepemimpinan transaksional berkorelasi positif terhadap motivasi kerja, pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja karyawan tidak signifikan, pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transaksional terhadap kinerja karyawan tidak signifikan, hasil dukungan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja berkorelasi positif dengan kinerja karyawan, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional memiliki efek negatif pada kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi kerja, dan gaya kepemimpinan transaksional memiliki dampak positif terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi kerja. Kata kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional, Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan Abstract This study aims to understand how strong the influence of transformational and transactional leadership style on work motivation, understand how strong the influence of transformational and transactional leadership style on employees’ performance, understand how strong the influence of work motivation on employees’ performance, and understand how strong the indirect influence of transformational leadership styles on employees’ performance through work motivation. The kind of research that used is an explanatory research with quantitative method. The result of the study reveals that the correlation between transformational leadership style on work motivation was insignificant, the results of this study support prior research which suggests that transactional leadership style is positively correlated on work motivation, the influence of transformational leadership style on employee’s performance was insignificant, the influence of transactional leadership style on employee’s performance was insignificant, the results of this study support prior research which suggests that work motivation is positively correlated with employee’s performance, transformational leadership styles had a negative effect on employee’s performance through work motivation, and transactional leadership styles had a positive effect on employee’s performance through work motivation. Keywords: Transformational Leadership Style, Transactional Leadership Style, Work Motivation, Employee’s Performance
The Territorial Economic Impact of Entrepreneurial Youthfulness

Entrepreneurship and youth population interact to enhance economic performance, and actions oriented to bring down social barriers linked to the fear to entrepreneurial failure are as important as policies focused on access to finance or human capital formation. Entrepreneurship generates opportunities for professional development, social and economic integration, the maintenance of the rural population and the attraction of new residents to these territories. Young entrepreneurs face more than financial constraints, as local economic conditions and their risk aversion are important barriers to engage in entrepreneurial activities. To achieve greater rates of entrepreneurship amongst rural youths, policy should mould the value system of the community in general, and not exclusively that of young adults.
Growth and nutrient utilization in buffalo calves fed ammoniated wheat straw supplemented with sodium sulphate

Ten male buffalo calves (aged 6-8 months, average body wt. 88.5±0.5 kg) were divided into two groups of five animals in each. All the animals were fed on urea-ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea, 50% moisture) along with concentrate mixture (50:50 on DM basis). In addition animals in group II were given sodium sulphate to see the effect of sulphur on the utilization of nitrogen added through urea-ammoniation. This feeding practice continued for a period of 120 d, during which fortnightly body weights were taken to assess their growth rate. A metabolism trial was conducted after 90 days of feeding to know the digestibility of nutrients and their balance. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of DM and other nutrients in two groups. The digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF, ADF and cellulose was alike in animals fed ammoniated straw and ammoniated straw+sodium sulphate supplemented group, whereas the digestibilities of CP and hemicellulose was significantly (p<0.01) more in group I and II respectively. There was no significant difference in intake of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in 2 groups. Similarly, the balance of these 3 nutrients was positive and statistically alike in two groups. Intake and excretion of sulphur through faeces and urine was significantly (p<0.01) more in group II than in group I. Inspite of higher excretion of sulphur through faeces and urine in group II, the sulphur balance was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than in group I, probably due to significantly (p<0.01) higher intake of sulphur in this group. There was no significant difference in total body weight gain or average daily gain between two groups, indicating that addition of sodium sulphate did not have any positive effect on these parameters. Similarly the intake of DM, DCP and TDN were also alike in two groups. The DCP and TDN values of the two diets were 8.0, 60.4 and 6.8, 56.6% respectively. Feeding cost/unit gain was alike in both the groups. (Asian- Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 3 : 325-329)
The Effects of Animacy and Givenness on Object Order in Croatian Child Language

Abstract:This study investigates how givenness and animacy influence object order (IO-DO vs. DO-IO) in ditransitive constructions in Croatian child language. We have conducted an elicitation task with 59 monolingual Croatian children (mean age = 4;4) and 36 adult controls (mean age = 21), in which the participants were asked to describe images depicting ditransitive actions. These actions differed with regard to givenness (DO given, or IO given) and animacy (IO animate, or both IO and DO animate). Both groups demonstrated an animacy effect, manifested as a significant increase of DO-IO productions when both objects were animate, compared to when only the IO was; adults presented DO-IO preference at ceiling level. Givenness had a statistically significant effect (p-value < 0.01) only in adults, but both groups were affected by the givenness of the DO. This paper supplies arguments to support previous indications that (1) DO-IO is the underlying order in Croatian ditransitives, and (2) that children do not have an IO-DO preference as has been reported by previous studies conducted on case-marking languages.
The Relationships Between Instagram Social Media Usage, Hedonic Shopping Motives and Financial Literacy on Impulse Buying

This research aims to determine the effect of using instagram social media and hedonic shopping motives to impulse buying media and to know whether financial literacy is able to moderate the influence of instagram social media use and hedonic shopping motives to impulse buying. This type of research is quantitative research. The population of this research was students of Accounting Economics Education Study Program of Economics Faculty of Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES). The research sample was 110 students of class of 2013 which chosen by using purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic, simple regression analysis, and interaction test (moderation). The result of the research shows that instagram social media usage and hedonic shopping motives have positive and significant effect to students’ impulse buying. The result of regression analysis shows that financial literacy has negative and significant effect on impulse buying. Thus, financial literacy can moderate the influence of instagram social media usage to impulse buying. However, the other regressive result indicates that financial literacy is not able to moderate the influence of hedonic shopping motives on impulse buying.
Evaluation of oil pollution dispersion in an unsaturated sandy soil environment

The current study assesses critical condition of oil dispassion, considering the unsaturated soil condition dispersity behavior for oil dispersion. The numerical model is used as a finite element method to model the oil spill pollution with two different saturated and unsaturated soil conditions chosen and their pollution dispersion results compared. Extracted results from numerical model show that considering the form of unsaturated soil, by changing the matric suction its soil conductivity ratio will differ. Regarding the current study analysis, it has been observed that the pattern of oil dispersion in case of unsaturated soil can be changed, in comparison to saturated soil condition. The vertical penetration of oil pollution in both cases of saturated and unsaturated soil condition will be more than horizontal dispersion pollution speed. As for oil pollution control in soil domain, the condition of unsaturated soil may be controllable, compared to the saturated one. Extracted results show that oil dispersion velocity, considering saturated soil, is more than 10 times greater than unsaturated one.
Pupal Period Affects Calling Behavior of the Wheat Moth, Pseudaletia sequax (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effects of pupal period and age on calling behavior of virgin females of Pseudaletia sequax were determined. Calling behavior of groups of females of similar age of pupation was observed every 10 min for six calling days. Females were considered calling when they assumed a characteristic position: wings and abdomen elevated, displaying the ovipositor and presumably releasing pheromone. Calling behavior was discontinuous. Females with a shorter pupal period took more time to start calling than females with a longer pupal period and called for a longer period. On the first day of calling, females took more time to initiate calling, on average during the seventh hour of the scotophase, whereas on the second day of calling, most females initiated calling during the fifth hour of the scotophase. On subsequent days of calling, the average time to initiate calling changed to the fourth hour of the scotophase. The mean time of calling per day decreased significantly with the number of days since first calling, and the mean number of calling bouts increased with days since first calling.
Why Have Housing Prices Gone Up?

Since 1950, housing prices have risen regularly by almost two percent per year. Between 1950 and 1970, this increase reflects rising housing quality and construction costs. Since 1970, this increase reflects the increasing difficulty of obtaining regulatory approval for building new homes. In this paper, we present a simple model of regulatory approval that suggests a number of explanations for this change including changing judicial tastes, decreasing ability to bribe regulators, rising incomes and greater tastes for amenities, and improvements in the ability of homeowners to organize and influence local decisions. Our preliminary evidence suggests that there was a significant increase in the ability of local residents to block new projects and a change of cities from urban growth machines to homeowners' cooperatives.
Characterization of Veterans’ Poisoning Events in the State of Florida

Increasing numbers of veterans are returning home with chronic pain and mental health disorders. Pharmacological treatments may be effective, but may also be increasing the incidence of poisonings among younger as well as older veterans, requiring greater resource expenditures at Veterans Administration (VA) facilities. Our objective was to characterize patterns of the poisoning among the veterans in Florida, using data obtained from the Florida Poisoning Control Information Network (FPCIN). We evaluated retrospective cohort data from 2005 to 2009 of 601 poisoning cases treated at Florida VA medical facilities with consultations from FPCIN. Intentional (suspected suicide) was the most common reason. Major adverse clinical outcomes were associated with the use of NSAIDs or alcohol. Antidepressants and anti-anxiolytics had the strongest association with intentional self-poisoning. Since medications are the major substances for the poisoning among the veterans, our study suggests that pharmaceutical treatments of veterans should include stronger prescribing guidelines and consideration of alternative therapies.
Does Improvisation Help or Hinder Planning in Determining Export Success? Decision Theory Applied to Exporting

Exporting enables organizations to diversify risk and generate multiple income streams. In turn, the ability to make good export decisions is purported to be a main determinant of performance. Although substantive export decisions are well researched, little is known about how export decisions should be made in practice and whether different decision-making approaches should be combined. This study addresses this gap using decision theory; the authors assess the interaction of planning and improvisation and examine the impact of these approaches on export responsiveness and export performance. They develop a conceptual model through exploratory research and test it through structural equation modeling. The authors seek insights into the results through post hoc in-depth interviews and conclude that improvisation has multiple dimensions (spontaneity, creativity, and action orientation) and that there is no one “best way” for export managers to make decisions. Furthermore, export planning can enhance economic performance but detract from customer performance. In addition, improvisation improves responsiveness, whereas action orientation leads to greater customer performance and results in greater responsiveness with regard to planning. However, export managers should be wary of spontaneity and creativity, because they detract from planning outcomes.
A novel scheduling and pollingmechanism for upstream bandwidth assignment in a Passive Optical Network

In a dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) scheme for a passive optical networks (PON), a polling mechanism with higher polling frequency helps OLT to accurately enquire the ONU upstream bandwidth demand. However, due to channel delay, an increase in polling frequency leads to inaccurate bandwidth reporting as the queue reports reach OLT after some delay. This results in inefficient bandwidth reporting (IBR) problem. This IBR problem causes wastage of upstream bandwidth due to inaccurate bandwidth assignment and also leads to higher upstream delays at high traffic loads.This study presents a novel polling and scheduling mechanism which eliminates the IBR problem. In this scheduling mechanism the OLT sends bandwidth allocation for the whole SI period to a TCONT (i) of ONU (i) at once instead of sending it in every downstream frame. A novelpolling mechanism is also presented that subtracts the future grants from the queue reports at the ONUs before sending them to the OLT to combat the channel delay impact. The results obtained through the simulation study show that the proposed scheme improves mean upstream delay by 62% for type 2, 3 and 4 traffic classes compared to EBU and up to 99% compared to IACG DBA scheme.
Geographical variation in the composition and richness of forest snail faunas in northern Europe

The forest snail fauna of northern Europe originated from postglacial colonization from the south. While it is regionally poor (c. 150 species, excluding slugs), individual localities (clusters of sample sites within a few km of each other) can be rich by global standards (up to 57 species). Distance decay in faunal similarity is very gradual in lowland regions, but Carpathian faunas are sharply differentiated, and hold the most endemics. British faunas are remarkably uniform. Very little of this differentiation is due to congeneric replacement; it results mostly from shifts in the richness of whole families. Clausiliids in particular predominate in the Carpathians and adjacent areas, but this is not reflected in the apparent density of individuals: as species richness increases, average abundance of each declines. In general, small species are more Widely distributed than large ones. Although the richest localities are found in the Carpathians, regional variation in local richness is slight. Substrate has Significant effects: oligotrophic areas have poorer and more locally variable faunas. At a slightly larger scale, areas of less than 100 km2 holding more than 60 species can be found in many parts of the region (even more when slugs are included); the richest such patches hold about half the whole regional forest fauna. Comparison with limited data from regions further south shows that although they have much richer regional faunas, local communities are no richer than those of the north. Distance decay is much more rapid. These results are discussed, with global comparisons, in terms of the ways in which molluscan communities are assembled and structured.
Impact of Network Finance Development on Inflation: Evidence from Chinese Financial Market

At present, financial network has attracted a lot of money from reality to the network platform and currency in circulation had seen a considerable impact, so this article is to discuss whether electronic money will have an impact on inflation from the perspective of qualitative and quantitative respectively which is original. This paper also adds lag length to the model which proves to be helpful. Eventually this paper will make some recommendations to monetary policy. Introduction From 1990’s, several foreign papers have analyzed the problem. King deems it would be more difficult for central bank to have control on commercial bank’s behavior and monetary. [1] Solomon points out that ‘If monetary aggregates include the issued e-coins, then the monetary supplier will be expanded’. [2] But Friedman still holds that the influence on central bank’s control by transactions of public and enterprise is limited [3] Elham, Hawkins regards that the central bank should take the effect into consideration. [4,5] Look back domestic, Xie gave a definition: a third way of financing different from direct financing and indirect financing. [6] He sorted network finance into two kinds: to increase efficiency of current business; active application of funds like transaction and settlement, meanwhile he doesn’t take MMF as long-lasting: once the interest rate liberalization has succeeded, the very reason MMF is so hot will be gone too. [7] Ou, Zhang discussed from 3 aspects: monetary supply, demand & velocity of money. [8,9] Besides, Zhou, Xu raised 2 effects leading to inflation by empirical tests on velocity of money. [10] Tan, Tang reached similar results respectively from the aspect of monetary supply formula. [11,12] Shang, Hu put seigniorage into consideration and Shang points out that interest rate could be more effective as intermediate target in the future. [13,14] This paper focuses on channels how network finance influences inflation which are all shown in next part. In the last part, this paper will offer several suggestions for monetary policy effectiveness. The Role of Network Finance Plays in Inflation Aspect of Monetary Demand & Supply In modern monetary theory, there is: M=m*B. In China, MMFs have no need to hold required reserves. In contrast, money multiplier m is an endogenous variable. Electronic money is virtual currency but can still have a substitution effect on the real currency in circulation. To verify the conclusion, statistics were obtained from the website of PBC. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the proportion M0 to M1 decreased from 21.83% to 16.97% and the share of M0 in M2 dropped from 7.88% to 4.81%. So, it can be assumed that electronic money has a certain substitution effect, therefore, the demand of the general circulation of the currency (real money) will decline. Look at the currency multiplier formula, m=(1+k)/(rd+rt*t+e+k). First, as mentioned above, the electronic money has a substitution effect on cash, thus reducing k. However, under normal circumstances, the money multiplier k> 1. Therefore rd+rt*t+e-1<0. Again,
Photometry and dynamics of the minor mergers AM 1228-260 and AM 2058-381

We investigate interaction eects on the dynamics and morphology of the galaxy pairs AM 2058-381 and AM 1228-260. This work is based on r 0 images and longslit spectra obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at the Gemini South Telescope. The luminosity ratio between the main (AM 2058A) and secondary (AM 2058B) components of the rst pair is a factor of 5, while for the other pair, the main (AM 1228A) component is 20 times more luminous than the secondary (AM 1228B). The four galaxies have pseudo-bulges, with a S ersic index n < 2. Their observed radial velocities proles (RVPs) present several irregularities. The receding side of the RVP of AM 2058A is displaced with respect to the velocity eld model, while there is a strong evidence that AM 2058B is a tumbling body, rotating along its major axis. The RVPs for AM 1228A indicate a misalignment between the kinematic and photometric major axes. The RVP for AM 1228B is quite perturbed, very likely due to the interaction with AM 1228A. NFW halo parameters for AM 2058A are similar to those of the Milky Way and M 31. The halo mass of AM 1228A is roughly 10% that of AM 2058A. The mass-to-light (M/L) of AM 2058 agrees with the mean value derived for late-type spirals, while the low M/L for AM 1228A may be due to the intense star formation ongoing in this galaxy.
Investigating the Frequency of Alcohol Intoxication Among the Patients Referred to Ahvaz Razi Hospital during 2005 to 2008

In today’s societies, alcohol is used and abused commonly and thus it has caused a lot of problems that by understanding its possible causes, prevalence and consumption pattern, an appropriate approach to deal with its adverse effects will be achieved. This study is a descriptive study based on the medical records of all cases of alcohol intoxication patients referring to Razi Hospital during 2005 to 2008. The required data were obtained from medical records. After studying the cases, a questionnaire was set based on desired variables and the questionnaire was completed by available information in cases. Then, the data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The level of significance in above tests was considered equal and less than 0.05. The number of alcohol intoxication referring patients to Razi hospital during 2005 to 2008 was 121 cases. In this study, 2 patients were passed away, but there was no significant association between mortality and alcohol consumption type (p = 0.349). Statistical analysis showed that the possibility of creating serious complications following the use of methanol is higher (p = 0.00001). It was found that there is a significant association between the alcohol consumption type and acidosis in patients (p <.000001). A significant association was found between the need for hemodialysis and the use of antidotes (p <0.00001) that was related to the use of antidote in cases of needing hemodialysis when using homemade alcohol and methanol (p = 0.011). In addition, there was a significant association between the alcohol consumption type and the need for ICU in patients (p = 0.007). The results represented that alcohol consumption background in males is higher than females (p = 0.026). In this study, 10.6% of patients had acidosis.