Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutual maintenance of PTSD and physical symptoms for Veterans returning from deployment

ABSTRACT Background: The mutual maintenance model proposes that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and chronic physical symptoms have a bi-directional temporal relationship. Despite widespread support for this model, there are relatively few empirical tests of the model and these have primarily examined patients with a traumatic physical injury. Objective: To extend the assessment of this model, we examined the temporal relationship between PTSD and physical symptoms for military personnel deployed to combat (i.e., facing the risk of death) who were not evacuated for traumatic injury. Methods: The current study used a prospective, longitudinal design to understand the cross-lagged relationships between PTSD and physical symptoms before, immediately after, 3 months after, and 1 year after combat deployment. Results: The cross-lagged results showed physical symptoms at every time point were consistently related to greater PTSD symptoms at the subsequent time point. PTSD symptoms were related to subsequent physical symptoms, but only at one time-point with immediate post-deployment PTSD symptoms related to physical symptoms at three months after deployment. Conclusion: The findings extend prior work by providing evidence that PTSD and physical symptoms may be mutually maintaining even when there is not a severe traumatic physical injury. HIGHLIGHTS • We followed soldiers from before to after combat and found a high comorbidity of PTSD and physical symptoms. • PTSD and physical symptoms were mutually maintaining among soldiers who did not experience a traumatic injury resulting in hospitalization.
Total Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Recurrent ICH versus First-ever ICH

The relationship between recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and total burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is not completely investigated. We aimed to study whether recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) had higher CSVD score than first-ever ICH. Lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) and CSVD score were rated on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in primary ICH patients. Recurrent ICHs were confirmed by reviewing the medical records and MRI scans. Mixed hematomas were defined as follows: deep + lobar, deep + cerebellar, or deep + lobar + cerebellar. Of the 184 patients with primary ICH enrolled (mean age, 61.0 years; 75.5% men), recurrent ICH was present in 45 (24.5%) patients; 26.1% (48/184) had ≥2 hematomas, 93.8% (45/48) of which exhibited recurrent ICH. Mixed hematomas were identified in 8.7% (16/184) of patients and bilateral hematomas in 17.9% (33/184). All mixed hematomas and bilateral hematomas were from cases of recurrent ICH. Patients with mixed etiology-ICH were more likely to have recurrent ICH than patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or hypertensive angiopathy (HA)-related ICH (36.8% vs17.8%, p=0.008). Multivariate ordinal regression analysis showed that the presence of recurrent ICH (p=0.001), ≥2 hematomas (p=0.002), mixed hematomas (p<0.00001), and bilateral hematomas (p=0.002) were separately significantly associated with a high CSVD score. Recurrent ICH occurs mostly among patients with mixed etiology-ICH and is associated with a higher CSVD burden than first-ever ICH, which needs to be verified by future larger studies.
Clinical, radiographic, and restorative peri-implant measurements of narrow and standard diameter implants in obese and nonobese patients: A 3-year retrospective follow-up study.

BACKGROUND There is dearth of studies assessing clinical, restorative, and radiographic peri-implant outcomes around narrow diameter implants (NDIs) and standard diameter implants (SDIs) in obese and nonobese subjects. OBJECTIVE To assess clinical, restorative, and radiographic parameters of NDIs and SDIs placed in obese and nonobese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obese and nonobese patients requiring NDIs and SDIs in the anterior maxilla/mandible were included. Based on the implant diameter, participants were further divided into two subgroups: (a) NDIs (3.3 mm) and (b) SDIs (4.1 mm). Peri-implant clinical measurements including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL) were evaluated around NDIs and SDIs at 1 and 3-year follow-up. RESULTS A total of 70 patients (35 obese and 35 nonobese) were included. Only BOP showed statistically significant differences between both the groups at patient level at 1 and 3-year follow-up (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in PI and PD around NDIs and SDIs between obese and nonobase patients. Statistical significant differences were observed in the total CBL around NDIs and RDIs among obese and nonbase subjects at 3 year follow-up (P < .05). CONCLUSION Both NDIs and SDIs show consistent clinical stability among obese and nonobase patients. Higher amount of bone loss was observed in obese patients compared to nonobase patients despite regular hygiene maintenance.
A large‐scale study of Yap1p‐dependent genes in normal aerobic and H2O2‐stress conditions: the role of Yap1p in cell proliferation control in yeast

Yeast genes regulated by the transcriptional activator Yap1p were screened by two independent methods: (i) use of a LacZ‐fused gene library and (ii) high‐density membrane hybridization. Changes in transcriptome profile were examined in the presence and in the absence of Yap1p, as well as under normal and H2O2‐mediated stress conditions. Both approaches gave coherent results, leading to the identification of many genes that appear to be directly or indirectly regulated by Yap1p. Promoter sequence analysis of target genes revealed that this regulatory effect is not always dependent upon the presence of a Yap1p binding site. The results show that the regulatory role of Yap1p is not restricted to the activation of stress response but that this factor can act as a positive or a negative regulator, both under normal and oxidative stress conditions. Among the targets, a few genes participating in growth control cascades were detected. In particular, the RPI1 gene, a repressor of the ras‐cAMP pathway, was found to be downregulated by Yap1p during the early phase of growth, but upregulated in the stationary phase or after oxidative stress.
Disordered region of H3K9 methyltransferase Clr4 binds the nucleosome and contributes to its activity

Abstract Heterochromatin is a distinctive chromatin structure that is essential for chromosome segregation, genome stability and regulation of gene expression. H3K9 methylation (H3K9me), a hallmark of heterochromatin, is deposited by the Su(var)3-9 family of proteins; however, the mechanism by which H3K9 methyltransferases bind and methylate the nucleosome is poorly understood. In this work we determined the interaction of Clr4, the fission yeast H3K9 methyltransferase, with nucleosomes using nuclear magnetic resonance, biochemical and genetic assays. Our study shows that the Clr4 chromodomain binds the H3K9me3 tail and that both, the chromodomain and the disordered region connecting the chromodomain and the SET domain, bind the nucleosome core. We show that interaction of the disordered region with the nucleosome core is independent of H3K9me and contributes to H3K9me in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that those interactions with the nucleosome core are contributing to de novo deposition of H3K9me and to establishment of heterochromatin.
Economics of the disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet

Significance This study integrates an economic model of climate change with a small structural model of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS). As such, it provides a methodology for incorporating large earth system changes into standard economic cost–benefit or damage-limiting analyses. It finds that adding the GIS has only a small effect on the social cost of carbon (SCC) because melting is slow and damages are far in the future. Concerns about the impact on large-scale earth systems have taken center stage in the scientific and economic analysis of climate change. The present study analyzes the economic impact of a potential disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS). The study introduces an approach that combines long-run economic growth models, climate models, and reduced-form GIS models. The study demonstrates that social cost–benefit analysis and damage-limiting strategies can be usefully extended to illuminate issues with major long-term consequences, as well as concerns such as potential tipping points, irreversibility, and hysteresis. A key finding is that, under a wide range of assumptions, the risk of GIS disintegration makes a small contribution to the optimal stringency of current policy or to the overall social cost of climate change. It finds that the cost of GIS disintegration adds less than 5% to the social cost of carbon (SCC) under alternative discount rates and estimates of the GIS dynamics.
The effects of two different electrical stimulation methods on the pain intensity of the patients who had undergone abdominal surgery with a midline incision: Randomized controlled clinical trial

Aims-Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) on pain and analgesic drug consumption in patients who had undergone abdominal surgery. Background: Evidence for the effects of and TAES on pain and analgesic consumption on patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Design: This research was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. Methods: This research sample consisted of 48 patients who underwent abdominal surgery with a midline incision. The patients were randomized into three groups, the first intervention group, which used TENS, the second intervention group, which used TAES (ST25, P6, ST36, Lİ4) and the control group, which did not. Results: Pain scores and analgesic consumption of both intervention groups were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: The research’s findings reveal that the two electrical stimulation methods have similar effects on pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients.
IL-27 promotes the expansion of self-renewing CD8+ T cells in persistent viral infection

CXCR5+ TCF1+ CD8+ T cells sustain responses during persistent viral infection and mediate the proliferative burst following anti-PD1 treatment. Huang et al. show that IL-27 supports rapid division of these cells by competing with type 1 interferon for STAT1, driving IRF1 expression and preventing cell death.
Self-affirmation reduces the socioeconomic attainment gap in schools in England.

BACKGROUND Studies in the United States show that school students from some ethnic backgrounds are susceptible to stereotype threat, that this undermines their academic performance, and that a series of virtually zero-cost self-affirmation writing exercises can reduce these adverse effects. In England, however, socioeconomic status (SES) is a much stronger predictor of academic success than is ethnic background. AIMS This study investigates whether self-affirmation writing exercises can help close the SES attainment gap in England by increasing the academic performance of low-SES (but not higher-SES) school students. SAMPLE Our sample consisted of students aged 11-14 in a secondary school in southern England (N = 562); of these, 128 were eligible for free school meals, a proxy for low SES. METHODS Students completed three short writing exercises throughout one academic year: those randomly assigned to an affirmed condition wrote about values that were important to them, and those assigned to a control condition wrote about a neutral topic. RESULTS On average, the low-SES students had lower academic performance and reported experiencing more stereotype threat than their higher-SES peers. The self-affirmation raised the academic performance of the low-SES students by 0.38 standard deviations but did not significantly affect the performance of the higher-SES students, thus reducing the SES performance gap by 62%. The self-affirmation also reduced the level of stress reported by the low-SES students. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of this virtually zero-cost intervention compare favourably with those of other interventions targeting the SES academic attainment gap.
The Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mitigation of Deoxynivalenol during Industrial Baking

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a frequent contaminant of flour, can be partially degraded by baking. It is not clear: (i) How the choice of processing parameter (i.e., ingredients, leavening, and baking conditions) affects DON degradation and thus (ii) how much DON can be degraded during the large-scale industrial production of bakery products. Crackers, biscuits, and bread were produced from naturally contaminated flour using different processing conditions. DON degradation during baking was quantified with the most accurate analytical methodology available for this Fusarium toxin, which is based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Depending on the processing conditions, 0–21%, 4–16%, and 2–5% DON were degraded during the production of crackers, biscuits, and bread, respectively. A higher NaHCO3 concentration, baking time, and baking temperature caused higher DON degradation. NH4HCO3, yeast, vinegar, and sucrose concentration as well as leavening time did not enhance DON degradation. In vitro cell viability assays confirmed that the major degradation product isoDON is considerably less toxic than DON. This proves for the first time that large-scale industrial baking results in partial detoxification of DON, which can be enhanced by process management.
Bayesian predictive approach to interim monitoring in clinical trials

This paper reviews Bayesian strategies for monitoring clinical trial data. It focuses on a Bayesian stochastic curtailment method based on the predictive probability of observing a clinically significant outcome at the scheduled end of the study given the observed data. The proposed method is applied to derive efficacy and futility stopping rules in clinical trials with continuous, normally distributed and binary endpoints. The sensitivity of the resulting stopping rules to the choice of prior distributions is examined and guidelines for choosing a prior distribution of the treatment effect are discussed. The Bayesian predictive approach is compared to the frequentist (conditional power) and mixed Bayesian‐frequentist (predictive power) approaches. The interim monitoring strategies discussed in the paper are illustrated using examples from a small proof‐of‐concept study and a large mortality trial. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OBSERVER AGREEMENT ON RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL FORAMEN APPEARANCE IN PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS

The aim of this study was to examine the inter-observer's variability in radiographic interpretation of variable appearances of mental foramen from panoramic radiograph. Four examiners; two dental radiologists, one oral surgeon and one dental implantologist independently evaluated 100 panoramic radiographs for appearance of the mental foramen according to Yosue and Brooks classification. The level of agreement was calculated using Kappa statistics. The most frequent appearance of mental foramen was the continuous and separated type for both sides. Diffuse type of the foramen was identified in a few cases, almost at a similar rate of the invisible ones. Fair to moderate agreement among the four observers have been demonstrated. The agreement in the interpretation varied, ranging from 0.34 to 0.49. There was considerable variability between the four examiners. This variation in interpretation was independent of the observers experience but dependent on individual's selection of reference anatomical landmarks for identification of the mental foramen. The panoramic images may not be considered a reliable method to identify the appearance of mental foramen.
Serial fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements off and at work in the diagnosis of occupational asthma.

BACKGROUND Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) before and after specific inhalation challenge has been postulated as an additional tool in the diagnosis of occupational asthma (OA), but little is known about serial FeNO measurements at home and at work. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of serial measurements of FeNO off and at work toward the diagnosis of OA. METHODS Forty-one subjects with suspected (n = 35) or diagnosed (n = 6) OA performed FeNO measurements once daily during a 2-week holiday and a subsequent 2-week work period. A work-related increase in FeNO by 20 ppb (parts per billion) or more was considered positive. Subjects with negative or doubtful specific inhalation challenge but a FeNO increase of 20 ppb or more were evaluated individually by an overall expert rating taking into account all available information. RESULTS Seven of 35 subjects (20%) with suspected and three of six subjects (50%) with diagnosed OA showed a work-related FeNO increase of 20 ppb or more. Six of the seven with suspected OA were reclassified as having an OA diagnosis by the overall expert rating which also considered these FeNO changes. CONCLUSIONS Serial FeNO measurements off and at work provide complementary information in the diagnosis in about one-fifth of cases with suspected OA, especially if specific inhalation challenges are negative or cannot be performed.
Role of mPFC and nucleus accumbens circuitry in modulation of a nicotine plus alcohol compound drug state

Combined use of nicotine and alcohol constitute a significant public health risk. An important aspect of drug use and dependence are the various cues, both external (contextual) and internal (interoceptive) that influence drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior. The present experiments employed the use of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) and complementary Pavlovian drug discrimination procedures (feature‐positive and feature‐negative training conditions) in order to examine whether medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic; mPFC‐PL) projections to the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) modulate sensitivity to a nicotine + alcohol (N + A) interoceptive cue. First, we show neuronal activation in mPFC‐PL and AcbC following treatment with N + A. Next, we demonstrate that chemogenetic silencing of projections from mPFC‐PL to nucleus accumbens core decrease sensitivity to the N + A interoceptive cue, while enhancing sensitivity to the individual components, suggesting an important role for this specific projection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO), the ligand used to activate the DREADDs, had no effect in parallel mCherry controls. These findings contribute important information regarding our understanding of the cortical‐striatal circuitry that regulates sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of a compound N + A cue.
Müller-Weiss Syndrome

Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) is a rare condition that results in dorsolateral collapse of the navicular associated with rotation of the talar head and subtalar varus deformity. There are also varying degrees of midfoot collapse and associated loss of the medial arch in more advanced cases. The characteristic deformities and classification have been described on weightbearing radiographs. While early stage disease can be detected on magnetic resonance imaging and bone scan, there are considerable advantages to computed tomography (CT) scanning, in particular, weightbearing CT for further evaluation of this condition. We describe the imaging findings of this condition, and present 3 cases where weightbearing CT was used in the context of MWD. This is the first time the use of weightbearing CT scan has been reported for diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level IV: Case series
Proposal of a new technique for bile duct reconstruction after iatrogenic injury: study in dogs and review of the literature.

PURPOSE Interposition of a jejunal tube between the common bile duct and duodenum. METHODS Five adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing on average 22.3 kg (18 to 26.5 kg), were used. Obstructive jaundice was induced by ligation of the distal common bile duct. After one week, a 2.5-cm long jejunal tube was fabricated from a segment of the loop removed 15 cm from the Treitz angle and interposed between the common bile duct and duodenum. RESULTS The animals presented good clinical evolution and no complications were observed. After 6 weeks, complete integration was noted between the bile duct mucosa, tube and duodenum and a significant reduction in total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was observed when compared to the values obtained one week after ligation of the common bile duct. CONCLUSION The jejunal tube interposed between the dilated bile duct and duodenum showed good anatomic integration and reduced total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels in the animals studied.
Diagnostic Value of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ( FNAC ) in Salivary Gland Tumors

Introduction Salivary gland tumors represent the most complex and diverse group of tumors encountered in the head and neck region. The diagnosis of these tumors is challenging and the histological examination in the form of incisional biopsy is the standard preoperative diagnostic method, but for major salivary glands this technique harbors the potential for facial scar, facial nerve injury, development of fistula and tumor cells spillage. This is why it is restricted to the minor gland pathology It is restricted to the minor gland pathology. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), on the other hand, does not have such complications and therefore it is more accepted and preferable as a preoperative diagnostic method. Aim Assessment of diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in salivary gland tumors. Patients and Methods Twenty patients were involved; FNAC was performed. The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Alshaheed Ghazi Alhareery for Specialized Surgeries Hospital at Medical City_ Baghdad, in the period from November 2015 to November 2016. FNAC was performed as preoperative diagnostic tool Results There was no significant difference between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in terms of patients’ age and gender. The majority of tumors were in the parotid and minor salivary glands in the palate respectively. The malignant tumors showed higher prevalence, Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma followed by Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma were the most common malignant tumors while Pleomorphic Adenoma was the most common benign tumor. The values of FNAC Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value (PPV) and Negative predictive value (NPV) were: 85%, 84.62%, 85.71%, 91.7% and 75% respectively. Conclusions FNAC has a reasonable reliability in differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland tumors with accepted level of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The high positive predictive value of FNAC in this study indicates the good reliability to confirm the malignancy. Keywards Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Salivary gland tumors, Diagnostic value of FNAC Dr.Atheer T. Jiboon, Dr.Najwa J. AbdulRazzak, Dr.Sabah Abdulaziz Volume 4, Issue 2 2017 13