Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confrontational and Preventative Policy Responses to Terrorism: Anger Wants a Fight and Fear Wants "Them" to Go Away

This study used a nationally representative sample (N = 550) to test factors that predicted support for a confrontational (an expanded War on Terror) and a defensive public policy (deporting various groups symbolically associated with the attackers) shortly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Results indicate that anger but not fear predicted support for expanding the war beyond Afghanistan, and fear but not anger predicted support for deporting Arab Americans, Muslims, and first generation immigrants. Political orientation was weakly or not correlated with affective reactions and policy preferences, but right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) was a strong predictor of both. RWA had a direct and an indirect effect through anger on support for war and a direct and an indirect effect through fear on support for deportation. Implications are discussed.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial properties of cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes derived from 1,10-phenanthroline with nitrate and azide co-ligands

Abstract Two complexes, a cobalt(II) complex [Co(phen)3(NO3)2]·2H2O (1) and a novel Co(III) complex with mixed ligands [diazido-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cobalt(III)]nitrate [Co(phen)2(N3)2]NO3 (2), have been synthesized and were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. The cobalt(III) complex (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Iba2 with four formula units. The central Co(III) atom is six coordinate with four N atoms of two 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) molecules and two terminal N atoms from two azide anions giving a distorted octahedral geometry with a CoN6 chromophore. The molecular structure of the compound is consolidated by face-to-face π–π stacking between the aromatic rings of 1,10-phen ligand. The ligands, metal salt and the complexes were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against eight pathogens (four bacteria and four fungi species).
The CENP-A homolog CaCse4p in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is a centromere protein essential for chromosome transmission

The gene encoding CaCse4p, a homolog of the evolutionarily conserved histone H3-like kinetochore protein CENP-A, has been cloned from the human pathogenic diploid yeast Candida albicans. To study the phenotype of C. albicans diploid cells depleted of CaCse4p, we deleted one copy of CaCSE4 and brought the other copy under control of a regulated PCK1 promoter (repressed by glucose and induced by succinate). Inability of this strain to grow on glucose medium indicates that CaCse4p is essential for cell viability. Shutdown of CaCSE4 expression resulted in a sharp decline of CaCse4p levels with concomitant loss of cell viability. Examination of these CaCse4p-depleted cells revealed a mitosis-specific arrest phenotype with accumulation of large-budded cells containing single G2 nuclei at or near the bud neck along with short mitotic spindles. Subcellular localization of CaCse4p by anti-CaCse4p antibodies in both budding and filamentous C. albicans cells revealed an intense dot-like signal always colocalized with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained nuclei. Unlike higher eukaryotes but similar to the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, centromere separation in the budding yeast form of C. albicans occurs before anaphase, at a very early stage of the cell cycle. In the filamentous mode of cell division, however, centromere separation appears to occur in early anaphase. Coimmunostaining with anti-CaCse4p and antitubulin antibodies shows that CaCse4p localizes near spindle pole bodies, analogous to the localization pattern observed for kinetochore proteins in S. cerevisiae. CaCse4p promises to be a highly useful reagent for the study of centromere/kinetochore structure in C. albicans.
Fractured Ecologies: Creating Environments for Collaboration

It is increasingly recognized that social interaction and collaboration rely on the participants' abilities to access and use a range of resources including objects and artifacts from within the immediate environment. In recent years, system support for remote collaboration has begun to address this issue, and we have witnessed the emergence of a number of technologies designed to provide remote participants with access to (features of) each others' environment. In this article we examine the use of one such system, an innovative mixed media environment designed to enable participants to refer to and point at objects and artifacts within each other's remote environment. The article addresses the ways in which participants use the system to undertake various collaborative activities and discusses the problems and issues that emerge, for the participants' themselves, in coordinating action with and through objects. We then consider these issues with regard to interaction and collaboration in more conventional environments such as work settings, and we discuss the ways in which the interpretation and production of action are inextricably embedded within the immediate environment, an environment of action that is inadvertently fractured in even this more sophisticated media space.
Monensin Toxicosis in Swine

1 3 . Sutter MD, Rawson DC, McKeown JA, Haskell AR: 1 958, 1 5. Tremblay RRM, Baird JD: 1 991 , Chronic copper poisoning in Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep. Am J Vet Res 1 9890-892 . two Holstein cows. Cornell Vet 81 :205-2 1 3 . 1 4. Thomburg LP, Beissenherz MD, Raisbeck MF: 1 985, Histo1 6. Vinlove MP, Britt J, Comelium J: 1 992 , Copper toxicity in a chemical demonstration of copper and copper-associated prorabbit. Lab Anim Sci 42 :61 4-61 5. tein in the canine liver. Vet Pathol 2 2 :3 27-332 .
Dynamic analysis of timed Petri nets: a case of two processes and a shared resource

There are several techniques for the analysis of the dynamics of timed Petri nets. When the net is not decision free, the existing methods come short of an efficient analysis. In this paper, we present a method, we call "relative temporal analysis", to analyze the dynamics of a system with two processes and a shared resource. It is possible to find the resource utilization sequence, the waiting time period for each process and identify possible conflicts through this technique. Based on this technique we also build control charts which can be used for control purposes such as obtaining "optimal" conflict resolution schemes.
Blog learning: effects of users' usefulness and efficiency towards continuance intention

Web-based learning is ubiquitous. The blog is a learning channel where learners acquire useful knowledge, to use in specific situations or in dealing with issues. These benefits may stimulate learning motivation for learners. Whether each blog learner can effectively enhance continuance learning intentions is a valuable research issue. Hence, this study proposes an extended expectation–confirmation model (ECM) that explicitly incorporates experiential learning, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived usefulness to examine blog continuance learning behavioural intentions. A survey of 318 bloggers provides strong support for the extended model. Results of the study show that these variables have a strong effect on satisfaction. This study demonstrates the blog as a good learning platform, and provides implications and recommendations resulting from the study.
Heavy Metals Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Shell

Activated carbon produced from coconut shell (ACS) was used as adsorbent to remove Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ ions from electroplating industrial wastewater. The activated carbon produced was chemically activated with zinc chloride. Batch adsorption experiment was conducted to examine the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and stirring rate on adsorption of Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ from the wastewater. The obtained results showed that, the adsorption of the metal ions was adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and stirring rate dependent. The optimum adsorbent dosage, stirring rate and pH, were found to be at 1 g, 350 rpm and pH 6 respectively. Kinetic studies showed that pseudo-second-order reaction model best described the adsorption process. The study also showed that activated carbon prepared from coconut shell can be efficiently used as low cost alternative for removal of metal ions.
Validity of self-reporting and video-recording for measuring knee-straining work postures

The aim of this study was to compare the validity of self-reporting and video-recording as methods of measuring the duration of knee-straining work postures, and to evaluate the reproducibility of timings of the video-recordings. Thirty-nine carpenters and 33 floorlayers were video-filmed while working, and were asked immediately afterwards to quantify the amount of time spent in knee-straining positions. The investigators recorded the periods of knee-straining work with a stopwatch during playback of the video-film, and the agreement between the two investigators' measurements was studied in 13 pairs of measurements. The video observation method was very effective for timing knee-strain work. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation coefficient (0.88) indicated a good association between observed and self-reported knee-straining work. Estimation of self-reported kneestraining work collected by interview showed good correlation with measurements of video-recordings. When judging the repeatability of timings of kneestraining work from the video-recordings, a high level of agreement was seen between the two observers in the 13 dual measurements of time spent in knee-straining work positions.
A closed-form analysis of fading envelope correlation across a wideband basestation array

This letter proposes a simple analytical model to accurately quantify the degree of fading envelope correlation among the received signals at the antenna elements of an adaptive array operating in a frequency-selective environment. The adaptive array is assumed to be at an elevated base station with scattering being confined to a local region around the subscriber station. This corresponds to the so-called "local scattering" or "macrocell" assumption and it results in most of the received energy at the base station array being concentrated within a given beamwidth. Our formulation provides closed-form, finite sum expressions for the covariance and correlation coefficients as a function of spatial and frequency separation.
Pit pattern analysis using acetic-acid magnification chromoendoscopy in predicting histopathology of small colorectal polyps. The diagnostic yield and intra-/inter-observer reproducibility

Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic yield of acetic-acid magnification chromoendoscopy and Kudo’s classification of pit patterns in predicting neoplastic histopathology of small colorectal polyps, and to assess intraand inter-observer reproducibility in classifying small colorectal polyps to particular pit patterns. Material and methods: The prospective study was performed on 40 consecutive patients referred for non-therapeutic colonoscopy in whom 50 polyps with a diameter of less than 10 mm were found (endoscope Olympus CF Q160Z). An acetic acid solution (1.5%) and Kudo’s pit pattern classification were used. All polyps were removed and examined histopathologically. The pit pattern was judged by an endoscopist immediately after colonoscopy. Then, anonymized digital video recordings of magnification colonoscopies were secondarily evaluated after 4 weeks (intra-observer reproducibility) by 2 other endoscopists. Inter-observer reproducibility was assessed using video recordings by 3 endoscopists comparing judgements of pit patterns (3 pairs of comparisons). Results: Fifty polyps were evaluated: 25 hyperplastic, 18 adenomas, 6 with normal mucosa and 1 adenocarcinoma. During magnification colonoscopy 30 polyps were judged as nonneoplastic (pit pattern I and II in 5 and 25 cases, respectively) and 20 polyps were classified as a neoplastic pit pattern (III L and IV in 18 and 2 cases, respectively). Sensitivity and Streszczenie Cel: Celem głównym badania było określenie zysku diagnostycznego chromoendoskopii z powiększeniem obrazu przy użyciu kwasu octowego oraz klasyfikacji wzoru ujść krypt jelitowych wg Kudo w przewidywaniu wyniku badania histopatologicznego małych polipów jelita grubego i odbytnicy. Kolejnym celem było określenie powtarzalności powyższej oceny u jednego badającego endoskopisty i między różnymi badającymi. Materiał i metody: Badaniem prospektywnym objęto 40 kolejnych chorych skierowanych do diagnostycznej kolonoskopii, u których stwierdzano polipy wielkości poniżej 10 mm (50 polipów). Podczas endoskopii z powiększeniem obrazu (kolonoskop Olympus CF Q160Z) użyto 1,5-procentowego roztworu kwasu octowego i klasyfikacji Kudo w analizie wzoru ujść krypt jelitowych. Wszystkie polipy po usunięciu zostały zbadane histopatologicznie. Endoskopista wykonujący kolonoskopię ocenił wzór ujść krypt jelitowych bezpośrednio po badaniu. Anonimowe nagrania wideo ponownie ocenione przez tego samego badacza po 4 tyg. (powtarzalność oceny u tego samego badającego) oraz dodatkowo niezależnie przez 2 innych doświadczonych endoskopistów. Powtarzalność oceny u różnych badających ustalono przez porównanie 3 ocen endoskopistów (3 pary porównań). Wyniki: Oceniono 50 polipów: 25 hiperplastycznych, 18 gruczolaków, 6 z prawidłową śluzówką i 1 gruczolakoraka. Podczas kolonoskopii z powiększeniem obrazu 30 polipów ocenio-
Steady-state pharmacokinetics and sputum penetration of lomefloxacin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory tract infections

Oral doses of 400 mg of lomefloxacin were administered once daily prior to breakfast to 10 middle-aged to elderly hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during treatment for bronchopulmonary infections. Serial plasma and sputum samples and fractional urine samples were obtained over a steady-state dosing interval. Lomefloxacin concentrations were determined in duplicate by a validated agar well diffusion microbiological assay. The maximum plasma lomefloxacin concentration (4.5 +/- 1.8 mg/liter), the time of occurrence of the maximum concentration (1.7 +/- 1.6 h), and the apparent volume of distribution associated with the terminal phase (2.19 +/- 1.05 liter/kg) were comparable to the values reported for healthy, young volunteers. Compared with the data reported for young adults, the elimination half-life (12.7 +/- 4.67 h) was longer and the apparent total body clearance (132 +/- 36.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) was lower in middle-aged to elderly patients. These differences were most likely attributable to age-related decreases in renal function, as evidenced by the lower lomefloxacin renal clearance (70.3 +/- 33.5 ml/min) in patients. The presence of acute respiratory infection per se did not appear to alter lomefloxacin pharmacokinetics. The peak lomefloxacin concentration in purulent, expectorated sputum samples of 4.3 +/- 1.2 mg/liter occurred 3.1 +/- 1.7 h after dose administration and subsequently declined to 1.7 +/- 0.5 mg/liter at the end of the 24-h dosing interval. The percent penetration into sputum, as assessed by comparing the area under the curve for sputum and plasma samples, was 120 +/- 39.8 (range, 70 to 185). The steady-state lomefloxacin concentrations in plasma and sputum samples from ill, older patients were in excess of the MICs for 90% of the strains tested of common, susceptible respiratory pathogens over most of the dosing interval.
Cell surface antigens of preimplantation mouse embryos detected by an antiserum to an embryonal carcinoma cell line.

ABSTRACT Studies ofsurface antigens expressed bypreimplantation mouse embryos havebeencarried outusing arabbit antiserum (A-N,) toaclonal mouse embryonal carcinoma cellline.Cellsurfaceantigens detected by A-N, areexpressed on allpreimplantation stageembryos andthefemale germline but notthemalegermline.Expression ofantigens appears toincrease ontheinnercellmass and trophoblast ofthe late blastocyst. The antigens donot participate incomplement-mediated cytotoxicity. Whenembryos arecultured inthepresence ofantiserum, their in vitro development isinhibited, suggesting thattheantigens 1letected by A-N, may play arole inearly mouse develop-ment.INTRODUCTION The cellsurface appears tomediate avarietyofcellular activities including cellcommunica-tion, recognition, adhesion, motility, transfor-mation and differentiation (Moscona, 1974;Artzt and Bennett, 1976). Changes insurfacemolecules have also been correlated with developmental events inseveral species including the preimplantation mouse embryo (Edidin,1976; Softer, 1977). Immunological studies of the early mouseembryo have described theexpression ofseveralcell surface antigens, some ofwhich are stagespecific. Antigens onearly embryos have beendetected by antisera to mouse blastocysts(Wiley and Calarco, 1975), mature oocytes(Moskalewski and Koprowski, 1972), sperm(Menge andFleming, 1978), placenta (Kometanietal., 1973; Wiley and Calarco, 1975), cerebel-lum (Solter andSchachner, 1976; Zimmermannet al., 1976), spleen (Solter and Schachner,1976) and human chorionic gonadotropin(Wiley, 1974). Because teratocarcinoma cellsappear tohave developmental potential similartomouse embryos (Hogan, 1977;Martin, 1975),antisera to teratocarcinomas are ofparticularinterest inthe study ofearly embryogenesis.A variety of anti-teratocarcinoma sera haveAccepted October
Herpes Simplex Virus Selectively Induces Expression of the CC Chemokine RANTES/CCL5 in Macrophages through a Mechanism Dependent on PKR and ICP0

ABSTRACT Recruitment of leukocytes is essential for eventual control of virus infections. Macrophages represent a leukocyte population involved in the first line of defense against many infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Through presentation of antigens to T cells and production of cytokines and chemokines, macrophages also constitute an important link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here, we have investigated the chemokine expression profile of macrophages after HSV infection and the virus-cell interactions involved. By reverse transcription-PCR and cDNA arrays, we found that HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 induced expression of the CC chemokine RANTES/CCL5 in murine macrophage cell lines and peritoneal cells. The CXC chemokine BCA-1/CXCL13 was also induced in peritoneal cells. Twenty-six other chemokines tested were not affected. Accumulation of RANTES mRNA was detectable after 5 h of infection, was sensitive to UV irradiation of the virus, and was preceded by accumulation of viral immediate-early mRNA and proteins. The viral components responsible for initiation of RANTES expression were examined with virus mutants and RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells expressing a dominant negative mutant of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). The PKR mutant cell line displayed reduced constitutive and HSV-inducible RANTES expression compared to the control cell line. HSV-1 mutants deficient in genes encoding the immediate-early proteins ICP4, ICP22, and ICP27 remained fully capable of inducing RANTES expression in macrophages. By contrast, the ability of an ICP0-deficient HSV-1 mutant to induce RANTES expression was compromised. Thus, HSV selectively induces expression of RANTES in macrophages through a mechanism dependent on cellular PKR and viral ICP0.
Platelet-Derived CD40L (CD154) Mediates Neutrophil Upregulation of Mac-1 and Recruitment in Septic Lung Injury

Objective:To define the role of CD40L in abdominal sepsis. Background:Platelets promote sepsis-induced pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils. However, the identity of the platelet-derived molecule regulating neutrophil infiltration is not known. The hypothesis of the present study was that platelet-derived CD40L might be responsible for platelet-mediated activation and accumulation of neutrophils in sepsis. Methods:Wild-type C57BL/6 mice and CD40L gene-deficient mice were exposed to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Lung edema, bronchoalveolar neutrophils, CD40L and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) plasma levels, myeloperoxidase activity and Mac-1 expression were determined up to 24 hours after CLP induction. For platelet depletion was an anti-GP1bα antibody administered before CLP. Results:Plasma levels of soluble CD40L increased and surface expression of CD40L on platelets decreased in CLP mice. Platelet depletion reduced CLP-induced CD40L levels by 90%. CLP-provoked Mac-1 expression on neutrophils was abolished in CD40L-deficient mice. Interestingly, CLP-induced edema and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung as well as neutrophil infiltration in the broncoalveolar space were markedly reduced in mice lacking CD40L. In vitro experiments showed that CD40L was not capable of directly increasing Mac-1 levels on neutrophils. Instead, CLP-induced plasma levels of MIP-2 were significantly reduced in CD40L-deficient mice and inhibition of the MIP-2 receptor (CXCR2) decreased Mac-1 expression on neutrophils in septic animals. Conclusions:CD40L derived from platelets is a potent activator of neutrophils and mediates sepsis-induced neutrophil recruitment and lung edema. The neutrophil activating mechanism of CD40L is indirect and mediated via MIP-2 formation and CXCR2 signaling. Targeting CD40L may be an effective approach to limit pulmonary damage in abdominal sepsis.
Household Firearm Ownership and Suicide Rates in the United States

Background. In the United States, more people kill themselves with firearms than with all other methods combined. A central question regarding the relation between firearms and suicide is whether the ready availability of firearms increases the suicide rate, rather than merely increasing the proportion of suicides from guns. Methods. We used publicly available data for the nine regions and 50 states in the United States over a 10-year period (1988–1997) to examine the association between levels of household firearm ownership and rates of suicide, firearm suicide, and non-firearm suicide by age groups and gender. Results. In both regional and state-level analyses, for the U.S. population as a whole, for both males and females, and for virtually every age group, a robust association exists between levels of household firearm ownership and suicide rates. Conclusions. Where firearm ownership levels are higher, a disproportionately large number of people die from suicide.
Trekking poles reduce exercise-induced muscle injury during mountain walking.

UNLABELLED Temporary muscle damage precipitated by downhill walking affects muscle function and potentially exposes muscle to further musculoskeletal injury. PURPOSE We hypothesized that the use of trekking poles would help maintain muscle function and reduce indices of muscle damage after a day's mountain trekking. METHODS Thirty-seven physically active males (n = 26) and females (n = 11) volunteered to participate and were divided into either a trekking pole (TP) or no pole (NP) group. Participants carried a day sack (5.6 ± 1.5 kg) and made the ascent and descent of the highest peak in England and Wales (Mount Snowdon). HR and RPE were recorded during the ascent and descent. Indices of muscle damage, namely, maximal voluntary contraction, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK), and vertical jump performance, were measured before, immediately after (except CK), and 24, 48, and 72 h after trek. RESULTS HR was not different between groups, although RPE was significantly lower in TP during the ascent. The TP group showed attenuation of reductions in maximal voluntary contraction immediately after and 24 and 48 h after the trek; muscle soreness was significantly lower at 24 and 48 h after the trek, and CK was also lower at 24 h after the trek in the TP group. No differences in vertical jump were found. CONCLUSIONS Trekking poles reduce RPE on mountain ascents, reduce indices of muscle damage, assist in maintaining muscle function in the days after a mountain trek, and reduce the potential for subsequent injury.