Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plataforma económica para cirugía estereotáxica en rata neonata

Introduccion. Usualmente, los aditamentos o plataformas comerciales que se adaptan a los aparatos estereotaxicos para realizar cirugia en ratas neonatas o animales pequenos como el raton son muy costosos. Ademas, el operador debe contar con una cierta experiencia en su manejo. Desarrollo. Se describen dos nuevas plataformas, una de acrilico y otra de poliestireno expandido. Ambas plataformas se adaptan perfectamente a un aparato estereotaxico convencional y el operador no requiere gran experiencia para efectuar dicho procedimiento quirurgico. Se muestran cortes histologicos donde se observan las lesiones realizadas al septimo dia de edad, con acido ibotenico, por via estereotaxica, en la corteza prefrontal, en el hipocampo ventral o en la amigdala basolateral, tenidos con violeta de cresilo, de ratas adultas (70 dias de edad). Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que es posible realizar lesiones o aplicar sustancias por via estereotaxica a ratas neonatas utilizando estos dos soportes de acrilico o poliestireno expandido, que son de diseno sencillo, de facil construccion y economicos. Adicionalmente, se revisa el tipo de anestesia utilizada en ratas neonatas.
Measuring Regulatory and Noncompliance Prevalence Among Maryland Commercial Blue Crab Fishers

Measuring Regulatory and Noncompliance Prevalence Among Maryland Commercial Blue Crab Fishers by Jacquelyn Lee Rachor-Hornsby MA, Salisbury University, Maryland, 2003 BA, University of Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University July 2019
Ocean Swells along the Global Coastlines and Their Climate Projections for the Twenty-First Century

Remotely generated swell waves are the dominant contributor of the coastal wind-wave climate along most of the world coastlines. In this work we describe the characteristics of swells from a coastal perspective. We identify the main regions of formation of swell waves at present and during the late twenty-first century under the RCP8.5 emissions/climate change scenario. We have applied an algorithm that allows one to unequivocally differentiate the swell component from the local wind-waves for a global wave hindcast and for eight CMIP5 state-of-the-art wave model climate projections. We have identified four different regions of swell formation, two in each hemisphere, with the Southern Ocean being by far the main region of swell generation. By the end of this century, the number of swell events generated in the Northern Hemisphere is expected to decrease while the opposite is projected to occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The increase in the Southern Hemisphere is directly associated with a poleward movement and intensification of the wind belts projected by atmospheric climate models.
The Evolution and Role of Midtropospheric Cyclonic Vortex in the Formation of Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016)

Based on a successful cloud‐resolving simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, this study examines the evolution and the role of midtropospheric mesoscale cyclonic vortex in the formation of Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016). The midtropospheric vortex is correlated with the convective activity in pre‐Nepartak. Once the deep convection outbreaks, the midtropospheric vortex intensifies first via the vertical advection associated with the severe updrafts and then through the midlevel convergence associated with stratiform precipitation. As the stratiform precipitation dissipates, the midlevel vortex weakens slightly in the following shallow convection phase. The above‐described processes recur sequentially during the pregenesis of Nepartak, and the midtropospheric vortex demonstrates diurnal variations. Its intensification usually corresponds to the weakening of low‐level cyclonic circulation except for the deep convection phase, indicating that the development of midtropospheric vortex can inhibit the development of self‐sustained low‐level cyclonic circulation. Although the midtropospheric vortex is not always a quasi‐balanced perturbation, a cold core can be found in the lower troposphere below it during the most of the pregenesis stage. The appearance of the cold core enhances the low‐level temperature gradient around it, which favors convection burst. In addition, the closed cyclonic circulation associated with the midlevel vortex can serve as a pouch protecting the vorticity, moisture, and convection inside from the vertical wind shear and dry air intrusion when the low‐level and midlevel vortices are overlapped in the late pregenesis stage, which facilitates the sustained deep convection and the formation of Nepartak.
Soil Chemical Property Variation under Different Conservation Agriculture Practices, in Bako Tibe District, West Shoa, Ethiopia

Conservation agriculture is claimed to be one of the solutions for the problems of poor agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan countries. The impact of conservation agriculture depends on environmental factors such as slope, vegetation, soil type, rain fall pattern and intended crops. This study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 with the objective of assessing the impact of conservation agriculture practices on soil chemical properties. Five main treatments were selected for the study: Monocropping (maize) without crop residue, Monocropping (maize) with crop residue, Crop rotation (maize and haricot bean) with crop residue, Intercropping (Haricot bean with maize) with crop residue and a grazing land as a control. A Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. A total of 40 composite soil samples (4 replication * 5 treatments * 2 soil depth) were collected and analysed for selected soil chemical properties. Results showed that soils in the study area were moderately acidic, and contained medium level of available phosphorus (AP) (7.33±0.58 mg/kg), but low concentration of total N (0.176±0.02%). Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N, and AP did not significantly differ (p=0.958, p=0.998, p=0.219, p=0.140 and 0.568) respectively, among the treatments following the four year of conservation agricutural practices. Thus, conservation agriculture has little effect on soil properties in short term, but it may take longer time to influence on different soil chemical properties in the study area.
New High‐Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility‐Based Climofunction for Quantifying Paleoprecipitation From Chinese Loess

The ferrimagnetic properties of soils are used to quantitatively reconstruct paleomonsoon precipitation from Chinese loess. Numerous magneto‐climofunctions have been established based on the magnetic proxies that are selectively sensitive to neoformation of fine‐grained superparamagnetic (SP) or single‐domain (SD) ferrimagnetic particles. Accumulating evidence has indicated that maghemite is the final product of the ferrimagnetic phases during pedogenesis in loessic soils. Quantitative estimates of abundance of maghemite of both SP and SD grains are therefore still required in developing magneto‐climofunctions. Here, we present detailed measurements on a suite of modern soil samples from the Chinese Loess Plateau to determine pedogenic ferrimagnetic mineralogy and to develop a new magneto‐climofunction based on a new parameter derived from the high‐temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility. Particle size fractionation processes combined with magnetic measurements indicate that fine‐grained SP and SD maghemite is the dominant pedogenic ferrimagnetic phases. High‐temperature‐dependent susceptibility measurements show that the thermally induced susceptibility drops between ~230 and ~400 °C during heating mainly result from the conversion of maghemite to hematite. We proposed a new parameter quantifying changes in the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility between 230 and 400 °C, χtd, that captures the concentration of pedogenically formed maghemite. Results show that χtd has a strong correlation with known quantities of maghemite in synthetic standard samples and that χtd of modern soils correlates with modern mean annual precipitation quite well (R2 = 0.82, n = 24). The established χtd‐mean annual precipitation climofunction provides a new approach to reconstructing paleorainfall during past warm interglacials from paleosols in Chinese loess.
Lithospheric SH Wave Velocity Structure Beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau From Love Wave Tomography

The northeastern (NE) Tibetan plateau has been a prime site to understand the dynamic processes responsible for the rise and lateral growth of the Tibetan plateau. Here we construct a high‐resolution lithospheric scale isotropic SH wave velocity model (down to the depth of 130 km) for the NE Tibetan plateau and its adjacent regions based on the measurements of fundamental‐mode Love wave dispersions (20–100 s) with seismic data recorded by ChinArray II and China Digital Seismic Array using two‐plane wave method. Prominent slow SH wave velocity (VSH) is observed in the midlower crust of the NE Tibetan plateau, specifically in the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane regions, coincident with previously indicated significantly slow SV wave velocity (VSV), probably implying the existence of partial melts in the midlower crust. This low SH wave velocity anomaly could be traced down to the uppermost mantle, indicating a weak and warm lithosphere, which we interpret as a consequence of asthenosphere upwelling after lithospheric mantle removal in the NE Tibetan plateau. The asthenosphere upwelling and associated deep‐seated thermal buoyancy could explain the occurrence of partial melting in the mid‐lower crust and account for parts of high elevations in the NE Tibetan plateau. The western Qinling orogenic belt is characterized with a high velocity anomaly in most of lithosphere, which is inconsistent with the existence of channel flow within the lithosphere along the Qinling orogenic belt from the Tibetan plateau.
Evaluation of a fruit and vegetable education intervention in Georgia’s Older Americans Act Nutrition Program participants

Diet is a modifiable factor in preventing disease and improving health among older adults. A convenience sample (n = 562, mean age = 75, 83% female, 53% African American) completed a pre‐test, intervention, and post‐test. Eight lessons given over 16 weeks included information on current guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake, and ways to increase fruit and vegetable intake at meals and snacks. Pre‐ and post‐tests examined self‐reported intake of fruits and vegetables at breakfast, lunch, evening meal and snacks, and knowledge of recommended intakes. The following showed significant improvement after the intervention (p < 0.0001): knowledge that 7 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables are recommended daily (for 1,600 to 2,200 calories) increased from 7% to 58%, the number of participants reporting 7 or more fruits and vegetables daily increased by 21‐percentage points, and 72%, 67%, and 53% of participants reported eating more fruits and vegetables at lunch, dinner, and snacks, respectively. In conclusion, this intervention improved knowledge and behaviors related to nutrition in older adults.
Convective Heating Leads to Self‐Aggregation by Generating Available Potential Energy

The moisture‐entrainment‐convection (MEC) feedback posits that a moist environment favors deep convection, which further moistens the atmosphere through its associated circulation and detrainment. The MEC feedback has been proposed to be crucial to spontaneous convective aggregation. Here we test this hypothesis by performing minimal cloud‐resolving simulations, without the buoyancy effect due to water vapor, evaporation of rain, or radiative and surface‐flux feedbacks. Convection can self‐aggregate in this minimal simulation, in which the MEC feedback is active. We then switch off this feedback by relaxing moisture to its horizontal mean over a time scale of 3 hr. Convection still self‐aggregates in this mechanism‐denial experiment, suggesting that the MEC feedback is not essential to self‐aggregation. We further show that convective heating coincides with positive temperature anomalies, generating available potential energy. Therefore, we propose that this convective heating‐overturning circulation feedback can lead to spontaneous development of large‐scale circulations.
Species Composition and Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) at the Ivindo National Park and Its Environs

An entomological prospection to show the species composition and diurnal activity of tabanids was carried out using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct and 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in the secondary forest [Ivindo National Park (INP)] and Village-Town sites in and around the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 839 tabanids were caught with 747 recorded at INP and regrouped under 11 species of the genus Tabanus [T. taeniola (57.76%), T. ricardae (26.32%), T. par (5.54%), T. ruficrus (3.74%), T. socius (3.74%), T. disjunctus (2.49%), T. marmorosus (0.28%) and T. obscurehirtus (0.14%)]. However, two species of the genus Chrysops [C. dimidiatus (70.83%) and C. silaceus (29.17%)] and one species of the genus Haematopota [H. pluvialis (100%)] were only identified at INP. While in the Village-Town sites, 92 tabanids were caught and regrouped under five species of the genus Tabanus [T. ruficrus (14.13%), T. taeniola (9.78%), T. ricardae (73.91%), T. par (1.09%), and T. marmorosus (1.09%)]. Tabanids were more abundant in the forest (7.12 tabanid/trap/day) as compared to the Village-Town (0.77 t/t/d) with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At INP, tabanids showed a unimodal activity pattern with peak attained between 12-14H and in the anthropized milieu (14-16H) and dominated by females.
Cm-level high accurate point positioning with satellite-based GNSS correction service in dynamic applications

ABSTRACT Nowadays, new alternatives have begun to offer the possibility of positioning as a combination of NRTK&PPP techniques. As one of them, Trimble CenterPoint RTX Correction Service provides cm-level accurate GNSS positioning based on the generation and delivery of corrections on the global scale through the satellite or Internet. In this study, usability of RTX correction service in kinematic applications and its attainable accuracy were investigated. In order to do this, two kinematic tests were carried out in Obruk Lake Dam, Çorum, Turkey. The results show that the RTX correction service provides cm-accurate point positioning by using a single GNSS receiver.
Management of Legionella in Water Systems

Legionella bacteria may grow on virtually any surface that contacts water. Although the bacteria reside naturally in many rivers, lakes, and soils, Legionella can flourish in the pipes, tanks, and other components of humanmade water systems, where the combination of stagnant water, warm temperatures, and loss of residual disinfectants can lead to explosive bacterial growth. When contaminated water from those systems is aerosolized, for example, by showerheads, people can be exposed to Legionella when they breathe in the mist.
Morphological Development of Meandering Rivers Due to Changing Discharge Regimes

This PhD thesis investigates the effects of changing discharge regimes on the morphological development of meandering rivers. The reduction of discharge causes bed morphology and planform changes in alluvial rivers with erodible banks, and restoring the discharge may alter the existing morphology, leading to a new (so far unpredictable) river course. The present thesis explores the capability of the open-source software Delft3D to simulate the adaption of both planform dynamics and bed topography to changed discharge regimes. A specific reach in the Dhaleshwari River (Bangladesh) is taken as a case study as it provides relevant data for model validation. Both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modelling approaches were applied. The 3D model, which was calibrated against measured 3D flow data, was used for predicting bed level changes over a one-year period. The simulated morphological changes showed a certain degree of resemblance with the available field data, but the required computational time prevented further analyses. Therefore, a 2D model, in which the parameterization of the 3D flow effect was validated against curved flume data, was used to simulate the morphological development for different discharge scenarios over a 10-year period. The results of the simulations revealed that the 2D model could predict scour depth, bank erosion, and riffle-pool sequences under both constant and varying discharge scenarios. However, the prediction of channel bankfull width showed some deficiencies. The simulations with varying discharge demonstrated a more realistic prediction of the meander planform than the simulations with constant discharge. The conclusion from this research is that a 2D modelling approach, in combination with a time-varying discharge, can be used to simulate the natural dynamics of meandering rivers, both in terms of the development of bed topography and channel planform. The results further revealed that a discharge magnitude of about 90% of the bankfull discharge represents the dominant discharge, and that the meander wavelength increases with the discharge magnitude. The results of the simulation for time-varying discharge records revealed that larger floods favor enlargement of meander wavelength and smaller floods favor shortening of meander wavelength during the first 50% of the simulation period. However, after the first 5-year period, the meander wavelength becomes nearly unresponsive to altered high- and low- floods.
ASSESSMENT OF SLOPE STABILITY USING FEM

Slope stability is one of the fundamental problems faced on a consistent basis by the majority of practicing geotechnical engineers. The studied slope may be a cut slope (excavation), or a formed slope (embankment). The objective of the current paper is to evaluate and assess the effect of many parameters affecting the stability of slopes and to produce a general equation for calculating the safety factors in simple and easy way. The finite element method is a very effective and versatile numerical tool, especially in nonlinear analysis, and consequently, a finite element code for soil and rock analysis (PLAXIS) is chosen for this paper. Results indicated that the slope height is probably the most effective parameter in the safety factors of slopes, followed by the effect of the presence of water beside or within the slope. Shear strength parameters and slope angle also affect the safety factor value, as indicated in the developed general equation for calculating the factor of safety in homogeneous soil slopes. The proposed equation is verified by comparing the calculated values obtained from that equation with PLAXIS results, and the maximum difference was about ±4%. Moreover, the results obtained from the proposed equation are compared with the results from Michalowski Charts (2002) and the maximum difference was about 7% in the conservative side, despite employing different analysis approaches.
The Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks of the Ouachita Mountains and their Genetic Relationship to the Mississippi Valley-Type Mineralization in the Southern Ozark Region: Insights from Radiogenic Pb Isotopes and Trace Elements Studies

Cluster of Pb and/or Zn deposits of the well-known Tri-State and Northern Arkansas Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) districts located north of the Arkoma basin and the Ouachita fold-thrust belt in north America are genetically connected to the Pennsylvanian-Permian Ouachita orogeny which triggered a South-North topographic gradient flow of basinal brines, leaching metal rich sediments en route. The objective of the research is twofold. First, to ascertain whether the organic-rich shales and sandstones from the study area provided metals during the mineralization event, which was coeval with the Ouachita orogeny. Second, to assess the depositional environment of the potential source rocks, which will shed light on their ability to sequester metals. The Pb isotope compositions of the ores (sphalerite) have been compared to their associated sedimentary rocks (Collier, Mazarn, and Polk Creek, Womble, Fayetteville, Stanley and Chattanooga shales and Jackfork Sandstone) and metal sources have been evaluated. In addition, the role of depositional redox of sedimentary rocks to sequester adequate amounts of metals has been appraised using redox sensitive trace elements (U, V, Mo, Cr, etc.). The Pb isotope compositions of the ores (sphalerite) have been compared to those of the sedimentary rocks of the Ouachita Mountains (Cambrian Collier Shale, Early Ordovician Mazarn Shale, Middle Ordovician Womble Shale, Late Ordovician Polk Creek Shale, Mississippian Stanley Shale, and Pennsylvanian Jackfork Sandstone) and the Ozark Plateau (Devonian/Mississippian Chattanooga Shale and Mississippian Fayetteville Shale). Metal sources evaluation indicate a mixing model of fluids sourced from high and less radiogenic rocks shown by a broad and linear trend of Pb isotope composition, with the Chattanooga rock and the Jackfork sandstone samples being the most prominent source rocks. Paleoredox proxies indicate deposition under anoxic and Euxinic conditions, which are favorable for metal enrichment. However, oxic-suboxic conditions are also indicated by other geochemical proxies, suggesting the possible first order control of primary production that has resulted in increased flux of organic matter. Additional factors such as the basin geometry, the rates of sediment accumulation, the post depositional alteration processes associated with diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism during the Ouachita orogeny might have overprinted the depositional signatures.
RTTOV-gb v1.0 – updates on sensors, absorption models, uncertainty, and availability

Abstract. This paper describes the first official release (v1.0) of RTTOV-gb. RTTOV-gb is a FORTRAN 90 code developed by adapting the atmospheric radiative transfer code RTTOV, focused on satellite-observing geometry, to the ground-based observing geometry. RTTOV-gb is designed to simulate ground-based upward-looking microwave radiometer (MWR) observations of atmospheric downwelling natural radiation in the frequency range from 22 to 150 GHz. Given an atmospheric profile of temperature, water vapor, and, optionally, cloud liquid water content, and together with a viewing geometry, RTTOV-gb computes downwelling radiances and brightness temperatures leaving the bottom of the atmosphere in each of the channels of the sensor being simulated. In addition, it provides the sensitivity of observations to the atmospheric thermodynamical state, i.e., the Jacobians. Therefore, RTTOV-gb represents the forward model needed to assimilate ground-based MWR data into numerical weather prediction models, which is currently pursued internationally by several weather services. RTTOV-gb is fully described in a previous paper (De Angelis et al., 2016), while several updates are described here. In particular, two new MWR types and a new parameterization for the atmospheric absorption model have been introduced since the first paper. In addition, estimates of the uncertainty associated with the absorption model and with the fast parameterization are given here. Brightness temperatures (TB) computed with RTTOV-gb v1.0 from radiosonde profiles have been compared with ground-based MWR observations in six channels (23.8, 31.4, 72.5, 82.5, 90.0, and 150.0 GHz). The comparison shows statistics within the expected accuracy. RTTOV-gb is now available to licensed users free of charge from the Numerical Weather Prediction Satellite Application Facility (NWP SAF) website, after registration. Coefficients for four MWR instrument types and two absorption model parameterizations are also freely available from the RTTOV-gb support website.