Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 2-adic approach to the analysis of cyclic codes

This paper describes how 2-adic numbers can be used to analyze the structure of binary cyclic codes and of cyclic codes defined over Z/sub 2(a)/, a/spl ges/2, the ring of integers modulo 2/sup a/. It provides a 2-adic proof of a theorem of McEliece that characterizes the possible Hamming weights that can appear in a binary cyclic code. A generalization of this theorem is derived that applies to cyclic codes over Z/sub 2(a)/ that are obtained from binary cyclic codes by a sequence of Hensel lifts. This generalization characterizes the number of times a residue modulo 2/sup a/ appears as a component of an arbitrary codeword in the cyclic code. The limit of the sequence of Hensel lifts is a universal code defined over the 2-adic integers. This code was first introduced by Calderbank and Sloane (1995), and is the main subject of this paper. Binary cyclic codes and cyclic codes over Z/sub 2(a)/ are obtained from these universal codes by reduction modulo some power of 2. A special case of particular interest is cyclic codes over Z/sub 4/ that are obtained from binary cyclic codes by means of a single Hensel lift. The binary images of such codes under the Gray isometry include the Kerdock, Preparata, and Delsart-Goethals codes. These are nonlinear binary codes that contain more codewords than any linear code presently known. Fundamental understanding of the composition of codewords in cyclic codes over Z/sub 4/ is central to the search for more families of optimal codes. This paper also constructs even unimodular lattices from the Hensel lift of extended binary cyclic codes that are self-dual with all Hamming weights divisible by 4. The Leech lattice arises in this way as do extremal lattices in dimensions 32 through 48.
The relationship between resilience and levels of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE Mental health problems affect approximately 20% of adolescents. Traditionally, the principal focus has been on vulnerability and risk factors and less on protective factors. The study, therefore, explores the relation between frequent psychiatric symptoms and resilience factors among older adolescents. METHOD The Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) was completed by 307 Norwegian high school students (M = 16.4 years) along with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. RESULTS Higher resilience scores predicted lower scores on levels of depression, anxiety, stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms after controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that it may be fruitful for clinicians and researchers to attend to resilience factors in relation to psychological symptoms among older adolescents.
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)

Healthcare insurance is a complex financial product with many variables involved. What drives perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of healthcare insurance applications (HIAs), be they websites and mobile apps? We propose a communication-driven usefulness hypothesis, which posits three aspects of communication with healthcare insurer providers determining PEOU and PU. Those aspects are: information quality (IQ), interaction ease, and provider competence. The results from 333 survey questionnaires from current healthcare insurance customers support our hypothesis. Thus, future studies should examine further the driving factors of PEOU and PU of the apps involving complex products and services besides healthcare insurance.
Amyloid, hypometabolism, and cognition in Alzheimer disease

Objective: To investigate the association between brain amyloid load in Alzheimer disease (AD) measured by [11C]PIB-PET, regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGlc) measured by [18F]FDG-PET, and cognition. Methods: Nineteen subjects with AD and 14 controls had [11C]PIB-PET and underwent a battery of psychometric tests. Twelve of those subjects with AD and eight controls had [18F]FDG-PET. Parametric images of [11C]PIB binding and rCMRGlc were interrogated with a region-of-interest atlas and statistical parametric mapping. [11C]PIB binding and rCMRGlc were correlated with scores on psychometric tests. Results: AD subjects showed twofold increases in mean [11C]PIB binding in cingulate, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortical areas. Higher cortical amyloid load correlated with lower scores on facial and word recognition tests. Two patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for AD had normal [11C]PIB at baseline. Over 20 months this remained normal in one but increased in the cingulate of the other. Mean levels of temporal and parietal rCMRGlc were reduced by 20% in AD and these correlated with mini mental scores, immediate recall, and recognition memory test for words. Higher [11C]PIB uptake correlated with lower rCMRGlc in temporal and parietal cortices. Conclusion: [11C]PIB-PET detected an increased amyloid plaque load in 89% of patients with clinically probable Alzheimer disease (AD). The high frontal amyloid load detected by [11C]PIB-PET in AD in the face of spared glucose metabolism is of interest and suggests that amyloid plaque formation may not be directly responsible for neuronal dysfunction in this disorder.
Selectivity Enhancement of MOSFET Hydrogen Sensor With Transparent ITO Gate

MOSFET gas sensors with ITO semimetal gates of different lengths but constant width have been fabricated and presented for hydrogen and carbon monoxide detection under different gas concentrations up to 1000 ppm. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide determinations were achieved by monitoring the change in drain currents of the transistors operated at various temperatures. We have found that the ITO-MOSFET sensor operated in day light showed a “normally on” behavior. To eliminate any current changes under light illumination in the laboratory, we report the results obtained in dark condition. ITO-MOSFET sensor with gate length of 50 micrometer operated at 135 °C showed response value of 23 μA towards 1000 ppm hydrogen gas at a gate voltage of 5 V with a drain source voltage of 20 V. However, when the ITO-MOSFET sensor has been tested towards carbon monoxide this showed a strong decrease from 23 to 4.0 μA. This is a clear demonstration that the ITO-MOSFET sensor has an enhanced selectivity on hydrogen gas as revealed by much higher response value towards hydrogen than carbon monoxide. When we measured the ITO-MOSFET sensor with a larger gate length of 200 micrometer towards hydrogen, we found a decrease in sensing response from 23 to 11.5 μA measured under similar conditions as for the sample with the gate length of 50 micrometer. The sensor response time with t90 of 20 s and recovery time of 1 min have been found quite fast for the ITO-MOSFET with gate length of 50 micrometer towards hydrogen gas.
The nuclear actin‐related proteins Arp7 and Arp9: a dimeric module that cooperates with architectural proteins for chromatin remodeling

Nuclear actin‐related proteins (ARPs) are essential components of chromatin remodeling and modifying complexes, but their functions and relationship to actin remain elusive. The yeast SWI/SNF and RSC complexes contain Arp7 and Arp9, and are shown to form a stable heterodimer with the properties of a functional module. Arp7 and Arp9 rely on their actin‐related regions for heterodimerization, and their unique C‐termini cooperate for assembly into RSC. We suggest that regulated ARP–ARP (and possibly ARP–β–actin) heterodimerization might be a conserved feature of chromatin complexes. A RSC complex lacking Arp7/9 was isolated that displays robust nucleosome remodeling activity, suggesting a separate essential role for ARPs in the regulation of chromatin structure. A screen for suppressors of arp mutations yielded the DNA bending architectural transcription factor Nhp6, which interacts with RSC complex physically and functionally and shows facilitated binding to nucleosomes by RSC. We propose that Arp7/9 dimers function with DNA bending proteins to facilitate proper chromatin architecture and complex–complex interactions.
Influence of prime lexicality, frequency, and pronounceability on the masked onset priming effect

The present study investigates the origins of the masked onset priming effect (MOPE). There are two alternative interpretations that account for most of the evidence reported on the MOPE, so far. The speech planning account (SP) identifies the locus of the MOPE in the preparation of the speech response. In contrast, the dual-route theory proposes that the effect arises as a result of the processing of the prime by the nonlexical route. In a series of masked onset priming word naming experiments we test the validity of these accounts by manipulating the primes’ frequency, their lexical status, and pronounceability. We found consistent MOPEs of similar magnitude with high- and low-frequency prime words as well as with pronounceable nonwords. Contrarily, when primes consisted of unpronounceable consonantal strings the effect disappeared, suggesting that pronounceability of the prime is a prerequisite for the emergence of the MOPE. These results are in accordance with the predictions of the SP account. The pattern of effects obtained in the present study further defines the origins of the MOPE.
Brain Cancer Stem Cells Display Preferential Sensitivity to Akt Inhibition

Malignant brain tumors are among the most lethal cancers, and conventional therapies are largely limited to palliation. Novel therapies targeted against specific molecular pathways may offer superior efficacy and less toxicity than conventional therapies, but initial clinical trials of molecular targeted agents in brain cancer therapy have been frequently disappointing. In brain tumors and other cancers, subpopulations of tumor cells have recently been characterized by their ability to self‐renew and initiate tumors. Although these cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells, are often only present in small numbers in human tumors, mounting evidence suggests that cancer stem cells contribute to tumor maintenance and therapeutic resistance. Thus, the development of therapies that target cancer stem cell signal transduction and biology may improve brain tumor patient survival. We now demonstrate that populations enriched for cancer stem cells are preferentially sensitive to an inhibitor of Akt, a prominent cell survival and invasion signaling node. Treatment with an Akt inhibitor more potently reduced the numbers of viable brain cancer stem cells relative to matched nonstem cancer cells associated with a preferential induction of apoptosis and a suppression of neurosphere formation. Akt inhibition also reduced the motility and invasiveness of all tumor cells but had a greater impact on cancer stem cell behaviors. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt activity in cancer stem cells increased the survival of immunocompromised mice bearing human glioma xenografts in vivo. Together, these results suggest that Akt inhibitors may function as effective anticancer stem cell therapies.
Quetiapine- and valproate-associated neutropenia and thrombocytopenia after lamotrigine-induced Steven-Johnson syndrome.

the platelet count returns to normal in less than a week. In our patient, her thrombocytopenia improved sooner than leukopenia and neutropenia. A drug-drug interaction between quetiapine and VPA should be considered in this patient. A retrospective study demonstrated a significantly greater incidence of moderate to severe neutropenia when combined VPA and quetiapine therapy was given rather than VPA or quetiapine monotherapy, which implies that bone marrow suppressive tendency of quetiapine might be enhanced when quetiapine and VPA are in combination. Quetiapine is mostly metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4. The concomitant VPA has been reported to increase the plasma concentration of quetiapine by approximately 77%, possibly owing to VPA’s partial inhibition on CYP3A4. Cross-reactivity is defined when a drug that has not been previously administered to a patient produces a hypersensitivity reaction owing to sensitization to a structurally related component recognized by IgE antibodies or B and T cells. The patient presented with leukocytosis during the course of AHS but subsequent olanzapine-related neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Olanzapine and quetiapine have quite similar chemical structures. Furthermore, VPA increases the plasma concentration of quetiapine.Cross-reactivitymay be considered not only for AHS and subsequent olanzapine-related hepatitis but also for the skin rash and febrile reaction. Nevertheless, the real mechanism remains to be elucidated. We suggest that physicians should be alert to these possible adverse effects of VPA and olanzapine and be cautious of rare adverse effects when a combination of drug treatment is used.
Mendelian Disorders of Cornification Caused by Defects in Intracellular Calcium Pumps: Mutation Update and Database for Variants in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 Associated with Darier Disease and Hailey–Hailey Disease

The two disorders of cornification associated with mutations in genes coding for intracellular calcium pumps are Darier disease (DD) and Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD). DD is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, whereas the ATP2C1 gene is associated with HHD. Both are inherited as autosomal‐dominant traits. DD is mainly defined by warty papules in seborrheic and flexural areas, whereas the major symptoms of HHD are vesicles and erosions in flexural skin. Both phenotypes are highly variable. In 12%–40% of DD patients and 12%–55% of HHD patients, no mutations in ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 are found. We provide a comprehensive review of clinical variability in DD and HHD and a review of all reported mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1. Having the entire spectrum of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 variants allows us to address the question of a genotype–phenotype correlation, which has not been settled unequivocally in DD and HHD. We created a database for all mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 using the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD v3.0), for variants reported in the literature and future inclusions. This data may be of use as a reference tool in further research on treatment of DD and HHD.
p53 expression and proliferative activity predict survival in non‐invasive thymomas

We performed p53 immunohistochemistry, DNA flow cytometry and analysis of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections from 46 non‐invasive thymomas and correlated the results with the traditional clinicopathologic features of the tumor. p53 immunopositivity was detected in 21 of 46 cases; it was not associated with any clinicopathologic features nor DNA content but significantly correlated with AgNOR counts. On univariate analysis, 10‐year survival rates were 100% for p53‐negative cases but only 71% for p53‐positive cases and 93% for patients with low AgNOR counts but only 77% for patients with high AgNOR counts. Age, sex, histologic type, myasthenia gravis and DNA content did not correlate with survival. Our results indicate that p53 staining and evaluation of proliferative activity allow assessment of prognosis in non‐invasive thymomas, when all of the other parameters are insufficient. Furthermore, the high rate of p53 expression in non‐invasive thymomas suggests that abnormal p53 immunoreactivity may occur early in the neoplastic process. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The burden of care of schizophrenia in Malay families

Deinstitutionalization has shifted much of the burden of care of chronic schizophrenia from mental institutions to the family. The aim of this study is to asses the prevalence of mental disorders among 210 primary carers of Malay schizophrenic patients, explored the burden and hardship experienced by them. This is a two‐stage psychiatric screening procedure. All the cases suspected from initial screening with WHO Self‐Reporting Questionnaires (SRQ‐20) were called for clinical interview. Patients' behavioural problems and the burden of relatives were assessed by the Social Behaviour Schedule and the Interview Schedule respectively. It was found that about 23% of the carers developed neurotic disorders resulting from the stress; nearly half of them had neurotic depression. Despite their burden, they do not complaint about it. Neurotic carers compared with non‐neurotic carers had significantly more subjective burden and distress related to the product of active psychosis. The carers were generally able to tolerate the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The number of problem behaviours and previous admissions were significantly correlated with the severity of burden.
Determinants of Export Survival:The Case of Ghanaian Manufacturers

In this study, we sought to investigate the factors that affect the export survival of Ghanaian manufacturing firms, using the survival (or duration) analysis technique. The study used a panel dataset (of Ghanaian manufacturing firms) spanning from 1991 to 1998, obtained from the regional program for enterprise development (RPED)/Ghana Manufacturing Enterprise surveys, which was jointly conducted by the Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), the University of Oxford, the University of Ghana (Legon), and the Ghana Statistical Office. Our findings suggest that median duration of Ghanaian manufacturers in export markets is 5-6 years. The study also reveals that the longer a firm remains exporting, the greater the likelihood of survival in exporting. Other factors including firm age, size and export intensity each enhance the probability of firms’ survival in exporting while exporting a final product reduces the probability of survival.
A stroke patient with impairment of auditory sensory (echoic) memory

A 42-year-old man suffered damage to the left supra-sylvian areas due to a stroke and presented with verbal short-term memory (STM) deficits. He occasionally could not recall even a single syllable that he had heard one second before. A study of mismatch negativity using magnetoencephalography suggested that the duration of auditory sensory (echoic) memory traces was reduced on the affected side of the brain. His maximum digit span was four with auditory presentation (equivalent to the 1st percentile for normal subjects), whereas it was up to six with visual presentation (almost within the normal range). He simply showed partial recall in the digit span task, and there was no self correction or incorrect reproduction. From these findings, reduced echoic memory was thought to have affected his verbal short-term retention. Thus, the impairment of verbal short-term memory observed in this patient was “pure auditory” unlike previously reported patients with deficits of the phonological short-term store (STS), which is the next higher-order memory system. We report this case to present physiological and behavioral data suggesting impaired short-term storage of verbal information, and to demonstrate the influence of deterioration of echoic memory on verbal STM.
Conserved Regulatory Pathways for Stock-Scion Healing Revealed by Comparative Analysis of Arabidopsis and Tomato Grafting Transcriptomes

Many plants can successfully join root and shoot sections at cut surfaces when severed at the stem. Graft healing is complex and conserved in diverse taxonomic groups with different vascular structures. Herein, we compared transcriptome data from autografted and separated stem sections of Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to explore changes related to graft healing. Using orthologous gene pairs identified between the two species, temperal expression patterns of evolutionary associated genes in grafted top and bottom, separated top and bottom, and intact stems were exhibited. Genes with expression preference indicate functional diversification of genes related to anatomical structure and cellular development in the two species. Expression profiles of the variable genes revealed common pathways operating during graft healing, including phenylpropanoid metabolism, response to oxygen-containing compounds, xylan, and cell wall biogenesis, mitosis and the cell cycle, carboxylic acid catabolism, and meristem structural organization. In addition, vascular differentiation related NAC domain transcription factors and genome-wide members in Arabidopsis and tomato were used for phylogenetic and expression analysis. Expression differences were largely consistent with sequence differences, reflecting high similarity for protein-coding and regulatory regions of individual clades. NAC proteins mainly clustered in accordance with their reported functions in xylem differentiation or cambium formation. The putative conserved mechanisms suggested by conserved genes and functions could help to expand graft healing theory to a wider range of species, and temporal fluctuations in common pathways imply conserved biological processes during graft healing.
Maximizing long-term gas industry profits in two minutes in Lotus using neural network methods

Generalized methods that are commonly used in neural-network research have made it possible for the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) to solve a gas-industry optimization problem on a personal computer that would previously have required a mainframe computer because of the run time required. The resulting model was used to produce EIA's official energy forecasts published in 1988. It is shown how backpropagation can be used by modelers with no special training in neurocomputing. Earlier applications of backpropagation to modeling and to EIA problems are reviewed that antedate the practical applications to neural networks. Finally, the relations between backpropagation, the current EIA model, and economic issues related to modeling and the gas industry are discussed. Among these issues are optimization subject to constraints, and competition and efficiency in gas supply. It is also shown how more recent formulations of backpropagation are a special case of the proposed formulation. >
A Brief Scale for Predicting Rehospitalization of Former Psychiatric Patients *

Community adjustment of former psychiatric patients has been found to relate highly to the likelihood of rehospitalization and community tenure. The present study examined the ability of a community adjustment scale and various other patient characteristics to predict rehospitalization. Multiple regression analysis using rehospitalization as the dependent variable identified thirteen items including twelve from the community adjustment scale, which combined to provide a highly accurate prediction. The brief scale (13 items) which is now being cross-validated is potentially a useful tool for clinical evaluation and planning of follow-up services to former patients.
Can family physicians practise good medicine without following clinical practice guidelines? Yes.

> The art of the practice of medicine is to be learned only by experience; ‘tis not an inheritance; it cannot be revealed. Learn to see, learn to hear, learn to feel, learn to smell, and know that by practice alone can you become expert. > > Sir William Osler Should we add “learn to follow
Evolution of Dust Trails into Bands

We use numerical simulations to investigate the production of dust trails by asteroid disruption events. Our work shows that asteroid trails evolve into pairs of dust bands over time. Coherent trails typically survive several tens of kyr before evolving into complete bands after ~1 Myr. The transition timescale depends sensitively on the location of the source breakup event in the main asteroid belt. Bands develop more efficiently from sources in the middle/outer belt than in the inner belt, which may not produce observable pairs of bands at all. The infrared structures produced by recent disruption events (<1 Myr) are characterized by a complicated and changing set of incomplete arcs and cusps. Their geometry depends both on the observer's position and on the source's location in terms of heliocentric distance and inclination to the ecliptic. We postulate that the broad orphan trails named C and D by Sykes in 1988 might have been produced by the formation of the Datura asteroid family 450 ± 50 kyr ago. Additional work will be needed to test this link.