Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compositional Two-Phase Flow in Saturated-Unsaturated Porous Media: Benchmarks for Phase Appearance/Disappearance

Resume. The two test cases presented herein aimed at simulating the transport migration of nuclides around a nuclear waste repository and belong to the "Two-Phases Numerical Test Data Base" presented in [1], [2]. They were initially designed in the framework of the French research group MoMaS [3]. The starting point in designing all the test cases presented in [1] comes from some of the main challenges the traditional simulators for multiphase flow in porous media are facing when attempting to simulate gas migration in deep geological repositories for long-lived high-level nuclear waste; particularly with low permeability argillites host rocks, as considered by most European radioactive waste management organisations and regulators ( see for instance: [4]). The gas migration in this type of porous media is driven by a compressible two-phase partially miscible flow, and is described by a system of nonlinear parabolic PDE’s (see [5]). The aim of the test-cases presented below and in [1] is to address some of the specific problems encountered when numerically simulating gas migration in such underground nuclear waste repositories. But, because we are interested in the difficulties inherent to physical modeling , and less in the ones coming from numerical methods, we kept in all these test cases a simple geometry corresponding to a quasi 1-D flow. The first test case is motivated by simulating the gas-phase appearance/disappearance in a two-phase flow, produced by injection of H2 in a homogeneous porous medium initially fully saturated with pure water. The aim of the second test case is to simulate the evolution of a compressible and partially miscible two-phase flow, starting from an out of equilibrium initial state, made up of two adjacent partially liquid saturated zones with two different uniform pressures .
The First Injection Event: Differences among Heroin, Methamphetamine, Cocaine, and Ketamine Initiates

This article describes how the drug type injected at the first injection event is related to characteristics of the initiate, risk behaviors at initiation, and future drug-using trajectories. A diverse sample (n=222) of young injection drug users (IDUs) were recruited from public settings in New York, New Orleans, and Los Angeles during 2004 and 2005. The sample was between 16 and 29 years old, and had injected ketamine at least once in the preceding two years. Interview data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Young IDUs initiated with four primary drug types: heroin (48.6%), methamphetamine (20.3%), ketamine (17.1%), and cocaine (14%). Several variables evidenced statistically significant relationships with drug type: age at injection initiation, level of education, region of initiation, setting, mode of administration, patterns of self-injection, number of drugs ever injected, current housing status, and their hepatitis C virus (HCV) status. Qualitative analyses revealed that rationale for injection initiation and subjective experiences at first injection differed by drug type.
Screening hCHK2 for mutations.

DA - 20000804IS - 0036-8075 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleRN - EC 2.7. 1.37 (Protein Kinases)RN - EC 2.7. 1.37 (checkpoint kinase 2)RN - EC 2.7. 11.1 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)SB - IM
Efficacy of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty on Dysfunctional Fistulae Because of Inflow Stenosis

Purpose Autogenous fistulas are the preferential vascular access for hemodialysis. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of angioplasty for dysfunctional fistulas because of inflow dysfunction. Methods We reviewed all the angiographic procedures performed on our institution between April 2007 and April 2009. Procedures performed in dysfunctional fistulas because of inflow stenoses were analyzed. Fistulas with stenoses out of these areas were excluded. The following data were collected: patient age and sex, fistula age at the time of intervention, location of fistula, number and location of stenosis, angiography referral criteria, clinical findings (presence or absence of thrills, bruits and pulsatility) and date of reintervention or failure. Results During the study period 215 fistulas were submitted to angiography of which, seventy-one presented inflow stenosis (33%). Mean follow-up was 21.72±9.26 months, and average age was 7.03 months. Two groups were considered: 31 fistulas comprising ≤6 months old, and 40 fistulas >6 months old. Primary patency rates±SE for older fistulas at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively, was 91.3%± 0.04%, 80.7%± 0.07%, 53.8% ±0.10% and 34.2±0.1%. versus 91.7±0.08%, 57.1 ±0.14%, 23±0.14%, 11.4%± 0.1% for younger fistulas (P=0.04). Fistulas ≤6 months old and multiple stenosis were associated with a poorer primary patency rate (P=0.005). Conclusions Inflow stenosis is frequently associated with fistula dysfunction. In this study we only analyzed AVF with inflow stenosis and we have shown that angioplasty can have great patency results, particularly for single lesions in matured fistulas.
Interactive Image Segmentation for Radiation Treatment Planning

COVIRA (COmputer VIsion in RAdiology) is a project in the European Community's Advanced Informatics in Medicine program. The goal is to improve the diagnosis and planning of treatment (radiotherapy) for patients with brain tumors and other diseases. The aim of radiotherapy is to provide a high dose of radiation to a tumor while sparing as much as possible of the surrounding healthy tissue. A necessary first step is defining the target volume and organs at risk by manually outlining the required contours on magnetic resonance or computed tomography scans. For a full three-dimensional plan this is time-consuming, as 40 or more scans are used. Computer image segmentation speeds up the process, and a method that combines information from edge and region detectors is described. Since this method is not able to completely meet the clinical requirements, an interactive image segmentation algorithm has been developed that enables the operator to employ clinical judgment. Probabilities are assigned to edges and regions and presented to the user as a hierarchy of segmentations. The approach is being subjected to extensive clinical evaluation, using pilot applications running on IBM RISC System/6000 workstations.
Safety and Exploratory Efficacy at 36 Months in Open-HART, an Open-Label Extension Study of Pridopidine in Huntington's Disease.

BACKGROUND Open-HART is an open-label extension of HART, a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, parallel-group study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and exploratory efficacy of open-label pridopidine over 36 months in subjects with Huntington's disease (HD). METHODS Open-HART subjects were treated with pridopidine 45 mg twice daily (BID). After initial evaluation by telephone (Week 1) and in person (Month 1), in-person visits occurred every 3 months, alternating between safety and clinical visits (safety plus Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale [UHDRS] assessment). The UHDRS was performed for pre-specified analysis as a secondary outcome measure. Adverse events (AEs), laboratory values, and electrocardiography were monitored throughout. RESULTS Most subjects (89%) reported at least one AE, with 30% experiencing treatment-related AEs. The most common AEs during the first year were falls (12.7%), anxiety (9.3%), insomnia (8.5%), irritability (6.8%), and depression (5.9%). Ninety-nine percent of subjects took concomitant medications. Two seizures were reported as AEs. No arrhythmias or suicide attempts were reported. Five deaths occurred, all considered treatment unrelated. Secondary exploratory analyses of subjects on pridopidine demonstrated motor deterioration (as measured by the UHDRS total motor score) consistent with HD's natural history, as shown in large observational studies. A post-hoc, exploratory analysis of TFC performance compared to placebo groups from other long-term HD studies demonstrated no significant effect for pridopidine on TFC progression after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Pridopidine 45 mg BID was generally safe and tolerable in HD subjects over 36 months. TMS declined in a manner consistent with the known natural history of HD.
The Frequency of Brain CT-Scan Findings in Patients with Scalp Lacerations Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury; A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective To determine the frequency of the brain CT-scan findings in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and scalp lacerations. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during a 1-year period from March 2016 to March 2017 in Level I trauma center in Shiraz, Southern Iran. We included all the adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to our emergency room with mild TBI (GCS on admission of 15) and scalp lacerations. All the patients underwent Brain CT-Scan and the scans were reviewed by two radiologists who were unaware of the patients' clinical findings. The results are reported as proportions and frequencies. Results Overall we included a total number of 94 patients with minimal TBI who had a scalp laceration on admission. The mean age of the patients was 30.78 ± 8.01 (ranging from 18 to 47) years. There were 58 (61.7%) men and 36 (38.3%) women among the patients. The most common finding of the Brain CT-Scan was subgaleal hematoma in 76 (80.9%) patients followed by base skull base fracture in 7 (7.4%), linear skull fracture in 7 (7.4%), brain contusion in 3 (3.2%) and subdural hematoma in 1 (1.1%). Conclusion The results of the current study indicate that scalp lacerations are associated with intracranial injuries in about 20% of the patients with mild TBI. Thus brain CT-scan is recommended in all the patients with mild TBI and scalp lacerations.
Negative feedback control of HIF-1 through REDD1-regulated ROS suppresses tumorigenesis

The HIF family of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors are key mediators of the physiologic response to hypoxia, whose dysregulation promotes tumorigenesis. One important HIF-1 effector is the REDD1 protein, which is induced by HIF-1 and which functions as an essential regulator of TOR complex 1 (TORC1) activity in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate a negative feedback loop for regulation of HIF-1 by REDD1, which plays a key role in tumor suppression. Genetic loss of REDD1 dramatically increases HIF-1 levels and HIF-regulated target gene expression in vitro and confers tumorigenicity in vivo. Increased HIF-1 in REDD1−/− cells induces a shift to glycolytic metabolism and provides a growth advantage under hypoxic conditions, and HIF-1 knockdown abrogates this advantage and suppresses tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, however, HIF-1 up-regulation in REDD1−/− cells is largely independent of mTORC1 activity. Instead, loss of REDD1 induces HIF-1 stabilization and tumorigenesis through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) -dependent mechanism. REDD1−/− cells demonstrate a substantial elevation of mitochondrial ROS, and antioxidant treatment is sufficient to normalize HIF-1 levels and inhibit REDD1-dependent tumor formation. REDD1 likely functions as a direct regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, as endogenous REDD1 localizes to the mitochondria, and this localization is required for REDD1 to reduce ROS production. Finally, human primary breast cancers that have silenced REDD1 exhibit evidence of HIF activation. Together, these findings uncover a specific genetic mechanism for HIF induction through loss of REDD1. Furthermore, they define REDD1 as a key metabolic regulator that suppresses tumorigenesis through distinct effects on mTORC1 activity and mitochondrial function.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of vitamin E treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine if vitamin E is effective in reducing the severity of abnormal movements in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). METHOD Thirty-five patients completed a double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group study of vitamin E. Seventeen of the patients were randomly assigned to receive 800 IU b.i. d. of vitamin E and 18 were assigned to placebo for 2 months. Twenty-nine patients had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 6 of mood disorder. Patients were assessed using modified versions of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (mAIMS), Simpson-Angus Scale for extrapyramidal side effects, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Additionally, a subgroup of 23 patients were assessed using instrumental measurements of dyskinesia. RESULTS There was a significant reduction of dyskinesia in the vitamin E group, but not the placebo group, on both the mAIMS and the instrumental assessments. The overall reduction in mAIMS in the active group was 24%, with 5 (29%) of 17 patients demonstrating greater than 33% reduction in score. There was a greater reduction in mean mAIMS score (35%) with vitamin E in the subgroup of patients with TD for 5 years or less compared with the reduction (11%) in patients with TD for greater than 5 years. No change was observed in parkinsonism. In the patients with schizophrenia, there was a reduction in positive symptoms after vitamin E. CONCLUSION Vitamin E appears to be effective in reducing the severity of TD, especially in patients who have had TD for 5 years or less.
Hereditary Globulin Factors and Immune Tolerance in Man

Eight nontransfused donors of antibodies against a hereditary γ-globulin factor lacked the factor, but each donor's mother had it. The probability that this is a chance observation is . 00003. A ninth donor had been transfused, and she and her mother both lacked the factor. It is assumed that each nontransfused donor's antibody was formed against his mother's γ-globulin and that immune tolerance had not been induced.
CD36 (thrombospondin receptor) expression in childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: In vitro drug sensitivity and outcome

The outcome for children with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) remains poor, except for cases associated with Down syndrome (DS). This study compared immunophenotypic and drug sensitivity patterns of childhood AMKL cases with or without DS. All DS-AMKL cases showed high expression of CD36 and were very sensitive to cytarabine and daunorubicin in vitro. In children without DS, high expression of CD36 on AMKL blasts identified a sub-group with immunophenotypic and drug sensitivity patterns similar to that of DS AMKL. Among non-DS AMKL patients, CD36-high cases had a superior outcome compared with CD36-negative cases. CD36 expression in acute myeloid leukemia cases other than AMKL was not associated with increased in vitro drug sensitivity. CD36 expression in AMKL may be an indicator of megakaryoblast maturation and chemotherapy sensitivity.
Synthetic Word Gesture Generation for Stroke-Based Virtual Keyboards

Gesture typing is a stroke-based text input method for mobile devices. Instead of tapping, the user enters a word by gesturing through all its letters on a virtual keyboard with a single continuous stroke. Even though gesture typing is a widely available text entry method for mobile devices, very little is known about the underlying movement dynamics. The present work fills this gap in the literature by establishing a physiological movement model for gesture typing. We show that many features of word gestures can be described by the mathematical framework of a handwriting model. We extend the model to respect the particularities of gesture typing and show that the exact trajectories as well as the velocity profiles of most word gestures can be represented with a high accuracy. We present an algorithm to extract the model parameters from real gestures. Finally, we introduce a framework capable of synthesizing the trajectories of word gestures that share many features with human-generated gestures. We use these synthetic gestures to automatically evaluate gesture recognition algorithms with thousands of gestures.
Effects of Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents on Human Skin in Organ Culture and Human Skin Fibroblasts

Objective:Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a clinical syndrome linked with exposure in renal failure patients to gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (GBCAs). The pathogenesis of the disease is largely unknown. The present study addresses potential pathophysiological mechanisms. Materials and Methods:Here, we have examined human skin in organ culture and human dermal fibroblasts in monolayer culture for responses to GBCA stimulation. Results:Treatment of normal human skin in organ culture with Omniscan had no significant effect on type I procollagen but increased both matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. At the histologic level, many interstitial cells demonstrated cytologic features characteristic of activation (ie, light staining, oblong, plump nuclei). Omniscan, as well as 3 other magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (Magnevist, Multihance, and Prohance), increased proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts in monolayer culture. Increased proliferation was accompanied by an increase in production of both matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 but no increase in type I procollagen. Concentrations required for effects differed among the 4 agents (Omniscan < Magnevist and Multihance < Prohance). In contrast to its effects on fibroblast function, Omniscan did not stimulate human epidermal keratinocyte proliferation when examined over a wide range of concentrations. Conclusion:These data provide evidence that GBCA exposure in ex vivo skin from healthy individuals increases fibroblast proliferation and has effects on the enzyme/inhibitor system that regulates collagen turnover in the skin.
Frontostriatal measurement in treatment-naive children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND Abnormalities in frontostriatal circuits have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although OCD commonly emerges during childhood or adolescence, few studies have examined frontostriatal anatomy in psychotropic-naive children with OCD near the onset of illness to determine the possible role of atypical developmental processes in this disorder. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging scans from 19 children with OCD who had not been exposed to psychotropic drugs, aged 7 to 18 years, and 19 case-matched healthy control subjects were analyzed to determine the volumes of the following structures: prefrontal cortex, striatum (caudate and putamen), lateral and third ventricles, and intracranial volume. RESULTS Patients with OCD had significantly smaller striatal volumes and significantly larger third ventricle volumes than controls, but did not differ in prefrontal cortical, lateral ventricular, or intracranial volumes. Striatal volumes were inversely correlated with OCD symptom severity but not illness duration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new evidence of abnormalities of the striatum in pediatric OCD. These results are preliminary, given the small sample size.
Differential Ability of Exogenous Chemotactic Agents to Disrupt Transendothelial Migration of Flowing Neutrophils1

Neutrophils migrate through endothelium using an ordered sequence of adhesive interactions and activating signals. To investigate the consequences of disruption of this sequence, we characterized adhesion and migration of neutrophils perfused over HUVEC that had been treated with TNF-α for 4 h and evaluated changes caused by exogenously added chemotactic agents. When HUVEC were treated with 2 U/ml TNF, flowing neutrophils adhered, with the majority rolling and relatively few migrating through the monolayer. If fMLP, IL-8, zymosan-activated plasma (a source of activated complement factor C5a), epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), or growth-regulating oncogene, GRO-α, was perfused over these neutrophils, they stopped rolling and rapidly migrated over the monolayer, but did not penetrate it. When HUVEC were treated with 100 U/ml TNF, the majority of adherent neutrophils transmigrated. If neutrophils were treated with fMLP, IL-8, C5a, ENA-78, or GRO-α just before perfusion over this HUVEC, transmigration, but not adhesion, was abolished. However, when platelet-activating factor was used to activate neutrophils, migration through HUVEC treated with 100 U/ml TNF was not impaired, and migration through HUVEC treated with 2 U/ml TNF was actually increased. Transmigration required ligation of CXC chemokine receptor-2 on neutrophils, and differential desensitization of this receptor (e.g., by fMLP but not platelet-activating factor) may explain the pattern of disruption of migration. Thus, transmigration may require presentation of the correct activators in the correct sequence, and inappropriate activation (e.g., by systemic activators) could cause pathological accumulation of neutrophils in the vessel lumen.
Facebook Addiction and Its Relationship with Mental Health among Thai High School Students.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between Facebook addiction and mental health among high school students. MATERIAL AND METHOD This cross-sectional analytic study was performed among 972 high school students from four provinces associated with high economic prosperity in Thailand: Bangkok, ChiangMai, Ubon Ratchathani and Songkhla, utilizing a multistage cluster sampling technique. Facebook addiction was assessed using the Thai version of the Bergen-Facebook Addiction Scale (Thai-BFAS), while a Thai version ofthe General Health Questionnaire (Thai GHQ-28) was used for mental health evaluation. The relationship between Facebook addiction and mental health was analyzed through multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS The prevalence of Facebook addiction and abnormal mental health were 41.9% (95% CI; 38.6, 45.2), and 21.9% (95% CI; 19.2, 24.8), respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors (sufficiency of household income, school location, level of education, GPAX learning deficits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), the individuals identified as having Facebook addiction were discovered to be at a high risk of developing abnormal general mental health (ORadj = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.4), somatic symptoms (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.7), anxiety and insomnia (ORadj = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.8), social dysfunction (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.1) and severe depression (ORadj = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2). Moreover; there were pronounced trends of increasing risk according to the level of Facebook addiction (Ptrend < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that Facebook addiction among high school students could be associated with abnormal, general mental health status, somatic symptoms, anxiety & insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. Therefore, it is essential that the relevant authorities educate young people about the mental health impacts linked with Facebook addictive usage and impose appropriate public health policies by screening Facebook addiction and mental health issues in risk groups.
Naked Aggression: The Meaning and Practice of Ejaculation on a Woman’s Face

Based on in-depth interviews with 16 heterosexual men, this study focuses on participants’ meaning-making surrounding a common and controversial sexual act in pornography: ejaculation on a woman’s face (EOWF). We analyze the ways that male consumers decoded EOWF and the ways that EOWF, as a sexual script, was included in the men’s accounts of their sexual desires and practices. The majority of the men decoded EOWF through the preferred (encoded) meaning as an act of male dominance and sexual aggression and that they wanted to engage in it despite their general belief that women would not be interested in it.