Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Ecological Conservation

§The exploitation of petroleum can cause serious environment problems when oil leakages occur on the marine or lake surfaces. The constant vigilance over exploitation areas helps to minimize the adverse impact of such accidents by means of early detection. This article deals with the activities carried out at present in order to create an unmanned aerial vehicle designed to patrol the petroleum exploitation zones. Among these activities the preliminary design of the aircraft, the structural design of a prototype capable of accomplishing the assigned mission, and the aerodynamic optimization of such a design, are worth mentioning. A monoplane airplane, twin-boom configuration airplane, with a partially metallic structure was designed. The aerodynamic optimization process was realized applying theoretical and experimental methods. In conclusion, the designed vehicle will prove to be satisfactory for the mission for which it was created, and to be used as a tool for future research.
The transmission of paralytic rabies in Trinidad by the vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus murinus Wagner.

In the year 1925 paralytic rabies appeared among certain animals in the island of Trinidad, and in 1929 affected human beings. Human beings bitten by vampire bats developed sensory symptoms at the site bitten, followed by paralysis and death. Vampire bats by histological examination, animal inoculation, cross-immunity, and serum neutralization tests have been found infected with the virus of rabies. The conclusion is drawn that the vampire bat (Desmond rotundus murinus Wagner, 1840) is the transmitting agent of the disease in man and animals. (Summary).
Crowd control: sex ratio affects sexually selected cuticular hydrocarbons in male Drosophila serrata

Although it is advantageous for males to express costly sexually selected signals when females are present, they may also benefit from suppressing these signals to avoid costly interactions with rival males. Cuticular chemical profiles frequently function as insect sexual signals; however, few studies have asked whether males alter these signals in response to their social environment. In Drosophila serrata, an Australian fly, there is sexual selection for a multivariate combination of male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Here, we show that the ratio of females to males that an adult male experiences has a strong effect on his CHC expression, with female‐biased adult sex ratios eliciting greater expression of CHC profiles associated with higher male mating success. Classical models predict that male reproductive investment should be highest when there is a small but nonzero number of rivals, but we found that males expressed the most attractive combination of CHCs when there were no rivals. We found that male CHCs were highly sensitive to adult sex ratio, with males expressing higher values of CHC profiles associated with greater mating success as the ratio of females to males increased. Moreover, sex ratio has a stronger effect on male CHC expression than adult density. Finally, we explore whether sex ratio affects the variance among a group of males in their CHC expression, as might be expected if individuals respond differently to a given social environment, but find little effect. Our results reveal that subtle differences in social environment can induce plasticity in male chemical signal expression.
Hypermetabolism and efficiency of CO2 removal in acute respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of hypermetabolism, dead-space ventilation, and parenteral nutrition on the minute ventilation requirement in mechanically ventilated patients. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of data collected in study protocols unrelated to the present study. SETTING A medical-surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary care center. PATIENTS One hundred eleven mechanically ventilated patients were studied during volume-controlled ventilation. MEASUREMENTS Gas exchange measurement by indirect calorimetry and arterial blood gas analysis. METHODS Minute ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured with indirect calorimetry. Arterial CO2 tension was sampled at the end of the measurement, and alveolar ventilation (VA), deadspace to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) and predicted resting VCO2 were calculated. The VE demand at a standard PaCO2 was calculated and the contribution of the observed hypermetabolism and increased VD/VT was identified. In a subgroup of patients, the effect of initiating parenteral nutrition on the VE demand was assessed. There were four study groups: multiple trauma, sepsis, ARDS, and postoperative open-heart surgery patients. MAIN RESULTS A combination of hypermetabolism and increased dead-space was observed in 67 of the 111 patients. Increased VCO2 accounted for 69 percent of the excess VE demand in trauma, 67 percent in sepsis, 58 percent in postoperative patients, and 56 percent in ARDS. Parenteral nutrition with a caloric intake matching measured resting energy expenditure (REE) did not increase VCO2 or the demand for VE. CONCLUSIONS Increased VCO2 is the main cause of increased VE demand in the majority of mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Parenteral nutrition at energy intakes close to actual REE does not increase the ventilatory demand.
Asymmetric Information and Security Design under Knightian Uncertainty

An issuer, privately informed about the distribution of the project's cash flows, raises financing from an uninformed investor through a security sale. The investor faces Knightian uncertainty about the distribution of cash flows and evaluates each security by the worst-case distribution at which she could justify it being offered by the issuer. We characterize the generically unique equilibrium of this non-Bayesian signaling game. Both standard outside equity and risky debt are issued by different issuer types in equilibrium, providing a common foundation for two most widespread financial contracts. The equilibrium security depends on the degree of uncertainty and the nature of private information. If private information concerns a new project and uncertainty is sufficiently high, outside equity prevails in equilibrium. When uncertainty is sufficiently small, the equilibrium typically features risky debt and never outside equity. If private information concerns assets in place, equity is never issued, irrespective of the level of uncertainty, and the equilibrium security is (usually) risky debt.
Software Evaluation and Choice: Predictive Validation of the Technology Acceptance Instrument

Information technology (IT) researchers repeatedly insist upon the rigorous validation of measuring instruments, yet most IT instruments remain at an early stage of development.The Technology Acceptance Model indicate that perceived usefulness and ease of use will influence an individual's intentios to use an information technology. This research introduces a criterion variable that measures intentions as a choice among sevearl alternatives with subjects actually expecting to use their choice.
A Swiss Anaesthesiology Closed Claims Analysis: report of events in the years 1987–2008

Background and Objective In 1999, the Swiss Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (SSAR) initiated an analysis of closed malpractice claims filed against anaesthetists in a project intended to improve patient safety. This article discusses the results of a review of closed claims between 1987 and 2008 and filed up to the end of 2009. Methods Records of closed claims were provided by Swiss professional medical liability insurance companies and the Office for Extrajudicial Expert Review of the Swiss Medical Association. Data were collected by an onsite reviewer, converted into a standardised format and sent to the SSAR Closed Claims Study Group. Assessment criteria employed by the committee were level of care (standard or substandard); severity of injury; appropriateness of patient information; and consent. Results The records of 171 events leading to anaesthesia-related injuries were entered into the database. These injuries occurred within the period 1987–2008. The majority of claims (54%) were related to regional anaesthesia, with general anaesthesia accounting for 28% and other anaesthesia-related procedures for 18%. The quality of care was judged by the committee to be substandard in 55% of cases, and liability was accepted in 46% of all claims. Negative outcomes were death in 12% and permanent injury in 63% of the patients. Conclusion The closed claims analysis project enabled the SSAR to identify areas of high medicolegal risks to gain an insight into the causes of infrequent but potentially harmful events leading to anaesthesia-related injuries and, based on these data, to develop preventive strategies.
The relationship between hormone receptor content and the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in operable breast cancer.

The relationship between hormone receptor status and the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer remains controversial. This article presents the results of a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen (40 mg daily for 2 years) versus no adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients. During 1976 to 1984, 1,407 patients were included in the study. Of these, 427 (30%) had high-risk tumors (pN + or pT greater than 30 mm) and were included in a concurrent randomized comparison of postoperative radiotherapy versus adjuvant polychemotherapy. The mean follow-up time was 61/2 years. Tamoxifen improved the recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P less than .01), but the overall survival difference in favor of the tamoxifen-allocated patients was not significant. Data on estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) content were available in 750 patients. Their mean follow-up time was 41/2 years. The effect of tamoxifen was significantly related to ER level (P less than .01). No benefit with tamoxifen was observed among ER-negative patients. The relation to PgR level was of borderline significance (P = .06). Multivariate analysis indicated that most of the interaction between treatment and receptor content was explained by the interaction with ER (P less than .01). The PgR status appeared to modify the effect of tamoxifen among the ER-positive patients and the greatest effect was observed among patients who were positive for both receptors. However, the additional predictive information provided by the PgR assay did not help to identify an unresponsive subgroup of patients.
An antibacterial biphenyl derivative from Garcinia bancana MIQ.

From the methanol extract of the twigs and leaves of Garcinia bancana MIQ. , one new biphenyl derivative (1), was isolated and characterized along with nine known compounds; garcinol, isogarcinol, (-)-mellein, 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-n-pentylisocoumarin, blumenol C O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, kaemferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, lupeol and stigmasterol. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and comparison of spectral data and physical data with those previously reported. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Garcinol showed the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) at 16 microg/ml while compound 1 exhibited weaker activity with MIC value of 64 microg/ml.
Summer and Winter Spatial Habitat Use by the Lake Erie Watersnake

Abstract In an effort to provide information to guide habitat management for the Lake Erie watersnake Nerodia sipedon insularum, a federally threatened and Ohio state endangered species, we used radiotelemetry to obtain spatial habitat data for adult snakes during the summer active season and during winter hibernation. During the summer active season, terrestrial habitat use was limited to a narrow band of shoreline. Among individuals, maximum distance inland from shore ranged from 1 to 50 m (mean = 8 m) and linear extent of shoreline ranged from 30 to 1,360 m (mean = 261 m). Winter hibernation occurred at varying distances inland with individual hibernation sites ranging from 1 to 580 m (mean = 29 m) from shore. Habitat use did not differ between males and females. Existing U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service habitat management guidelines suggest that ground-disturbing activities within potential hibernation areas (defined as terrestrial habitat within 161 m of shore) should be avoided in winter to prev.
How Hegemonic Masculinity can be Undermined: Gender Hierarchies and Power Relations in the Operating Room

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The present article describes the introduction of information and communication technologies in the operating rooms of two hospitals. It explores gender practices within the occupational groups of the OR and how they evolved during computerization. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of workplace studies video shooting and video analysis is used to study computer expertise that the personnel developed as a result of their day-to-day practices. The article shows that computer expertise is treated as a status characteristic in the first hospital and only those with higher status are authorized to use the computer-supported information system to acquire prestige and to exert influence . In contrast to this, computer expertise does not function as a status characteristic in the second hospital. Here, computerized tasks are equated with assisting activities and are devalued. The paper examines the conditions under which computer expertise forms an amalgamation with gender and profession. It explains how existing gender hierarchies and power relations were restructured in the first hospital and how they were stabilized in the second hospital. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
An Adaptive Hello Messaging Scheme for Neighbor Discovery in On-Demand MANET Routing Protocols

In mobile ad-hoc networks, local link connectivity information is extremely important for route establishment and maintenance. Periodic Hello messaging is a widely-used scheme to obtain local link connectivity information. However, unnecessary Hello messaging can drain batteries while mobile devices are not in use. This paper proposes an adaptive Hello messaging scheme to suppress unnecessary Hello messages without reduced detectability of broken links. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces energy consumption and network overhead without any explicit difference in throughput.
Fidelity of supported employment: lessons learned from the National Evidence-Based Practice Project.

PURPOSE To describe the implementation of supported employment in the National Evidence-Based Practices Project, examining and interpreting fidelity changes over two years of program implementation. METHOD Nine new supported employment programs were evaluated by examining supported employment fidelity ratings at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Site reports based on the nine case studies were used to interpret the fidelity findings. RESULTS At two years, eight of nine sites achieved high fidelity. Most changes occurred within the first year. Twelve of the 15 supported employment fidelity items showed rapid improvement. DISCUSSION A review of the site reports suggested four factors that facilitated movement toward high fidelity: (1) Discontinuing non-evidence-based vocational services, (2) Making rapid structural changes through administrative action, (3) Measuring key process indicators to move toward desired changes, and (4) Gradually improving integration of the employment specialists with clinical services, primarily through supervisor leadership.
Independence of Speed and Accuracy in Visual Search: Evidence for Separate Mechanisms

Data from two studies that tested children's attention using visual search for a series of targets in a complex display and a sustained-attention task waiting for signals in a similar display were subjected to Factor Analysis to explore previous indications that speed and accuracy (the number of false alarms to nontargets) on this task reflect different mechanisms. The two factors identified confirmed the separation of these two measures and also suggested that the speed factor was related to Mental Age, while the accuracy factor was related to ratings of attentional ability. It is suggested that ratings of attentional ability reflect the efficiency of executive functions, displayed in the ability to inhibit responses to nontargets in these tasks, while speed of search is related to processing speed in the nervous system. Therefore intelligence and attentional ability depend on different underlying features of the nervous system.
The Critical Technological Factors of E-Government in Kenya

: EGovernment and innovation can provide significant opportunities to transform public administration into an instrument of sustainable development. However, the rate of failure of eGovernment projects in the developing world, and specifically Africa, has raised questions on the critical factors contributing to their success or failure. The general lack of comprehensive information concerning eGovernment project performance status and the critical technological factors influencing it in Kenya also necessitated this study. To answer this question, this study aimed at assessing the critical technological factors of eGovernment projects performance in Kenya. The study targeted all the 18 eGovernment projects in place implemented through the Communications Authority (CA) of Kenya. The results are based on response from 217 respondents who consisted of 52 eGovernment project implementers and 165 eGovernment service consumers. The study found that of the technological predictors of eGovernment, only system integration, processes and usage of eGovernment system emerged to have positive significant relationships with project performance in Kenya. Other factors including information technology standards, security issue, privacy issue, cooperation or collaboration, eGovernment portal availability, eGovernment portal access, and various computer usages also had positive but insignificant relationships with eGovernment project performance and hence not critical in influencing to eGovernment project performance in Kenya.
Pattern of external and internal findings in deaths owing to hanging—a study in northeast Delhi -

Background: Hanging is a common form of asphyxial deaths. A complete profile of findings is helpful in making exact diagnosis of hanging and differentiating it from strangulation. Objective: To assess the complete profile of findings in deaths owing to hanging. Materials and Methods: A total of 101 cases of hanging were examined during autopsy. The details about the victims with regard to the age, sex, and type of ligature material and autopsy findings were noted. The data thus obtained were analyzed for the study. Result: A total of 101 cases of hanging were studied during November 2009 to February 2011, of which 43.56% of cases were in the age group of 21â€“30 years, and 68.31% were male subjects, single mark was seen in 95.04% cases, incomplete ligature was found in 99% cases, chunni was the commonest (37.70%) ligature material used, the knot was on the right side of neck in 45.60% of cases, and fixed knot was found in 68.85% of cases. Fracture of hyoid bone was found in 5.94% of cases, and that of thyroid cartilage was found in 4.95% of cases; salivary stains were found in 66.33% of cases; petechial hemorrhages were found in 11.88% of cases on external body surface and in 87.12% cases in internal body organs. Congestion of internal body organs were found in 96.03% of cases. Conclusion: In our study, findings in the cases of hanging varied and were found in many combinations. A correct interpretation of such findings and meticulous postmortem examination is necessary to make a confirmatory diagnosis of death owing to hanging.
Role of Reverse‐Mode Na+‐Ca2+ Exchange in Excitation‐Contraction Coupling in the Heart a

A mechanism capable of eliciting SR Ca2+ release independent of Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels was investigated using whole-cell voltage- and current-clamped guinea pig ventricular myocytes dialyzed with the Ca2+ indicator, Indo-1. Depolarization-induced Na+ influx through TTX-sensitive Na+ channels caused a rapid, transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The INa-induced [Ca2+]i transients (a) occur after blocking voltage-sensitive sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels with nisoldipine or D-600, (b) are inhibited by ryanodine, and (c) are dependent upon extracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that the INa-induced [Ca2+]i transients arise from SR Ca2+ release triggered by Ca2+ entering the myocyte, after a transient rise in [Na+]i, via a pathway distinct from sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels. One such pathway for Ca2+ entry into cardiac cells is reverse-mode Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. Depolarization-induced Na+ influx failed to elicit Ca2+ transients when extracellular Na+ was replaced with equimolar lithium, which carries current through Na+ channels but does not readily substitute for Na+ on the exchanger. This result provides direct evidence that Ca2+ entry via reverse-mode Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange mediates the INa-induced SR Ca2+ release. Lithium also inhibited nisoldipine-insensitive [Ca2+]i transients elicited by action potentials indicating that INa and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange may play a role in EC coupling under physiological conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that depolarization-induced Na+ influx through Na+ channels can trigger SR Ca2+ release in cardiac myocytes by activating Ca2+ influx via reverse-mode Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. The INa-induced release of Ca2+ from SR may partially account for the positive inotropic effects of cardiac glycosides and the negative inotropic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs that block Na+ channels.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of the two‐window technique without membrane versus the solo‐window technique with membrane over the osteotomy window for maxillary sinus augmentation

BACKGROUND Maturation of the grafted volume after lateral sinus elevation is crucial for the long-term survival of dental implants. PURPOSE To compare endo-sinus histomorphometric bone formation between the solo- and two-window maxillary sinus augmentation techniques with or without membrane coverage for the rehabilitation of multiple missing posterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with severely atrophic posterior maxillae were randomized to receive lateral sinus floor elevation via the solo-window technique with membrane coverage (Control Group) or the two-window technique without coverage (Test Group). Six months after surgery, bone core specimens harvested from the lateral aspect were histomorphometrically analyzed. RESULTS Ten patients in each group underwent 21 maxillary sinus augmentations. Histomorphometric analysis revealed mean newly formed bone values of 26.08 ± 16.23% and 27.14 ± 18.11%, mean connective tissue values of 59.34 ± 12.42% and 50.03 ± 17.13%, and mean residual graft material values of 14.6 ± 14.56% and 22.78 ± 10.83% in the Test and Control Groups, respectively, with no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The two-window technique obtained comparative maturation of the grafted volume even without membrane coverage, and is a viable alternative for the rehabilitation of severely atrophic posterior maxillae with multiple missing posterior teeth.