Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silver nanowire coated threads for electrically conductive textiles

The emerging area of e-textiles requires electrically conductive threads. We demonstrate that nylon, polyester, and cotton threads can be made conductive by coating their surfaces with random networks of solution-synthesized silver nanowires. A resistance per unit length of 0.8 Ω cm−1 was achieved and can be varied through the density of the nanowire coating. Because the nanowires are 35 nm in diameter, and the mesh structure does not cover the entire surface like a thin-film, less metal is used compared to conventional silver-coated conductive threads. This leads to a much lower weight and mechanically flexible coating. The functionality of the thread as a heater and the fabrication of stretchable conductive thread are also demonstrated.
Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis, Immunoregulatory Molecules, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis is one of the most severe, life-threatening consequences of premature birth, affecting 5-15% of premature neonates with birth weights <1,500 grams. Many lines of evidence suggest a role for the dysregulation of enterocyte apoptosis in NEC pathogenesis. In addition to apoptosis, the roles of several inflammatory mediators such as platelet-activating factor, IL-8, TNFα and endotoxin have been shown to be pathogenic. Receptors for these ligands and downstream cellular signaling pathways, such as mitochondrial injury-induced caspase activation and NFĸB-mediated transcriptional regulation are thought to be involved in the mechanisms of mucosal injury in NEC. In this review, we attempt to summarize the role of enterocyte apoptosis in NEC along with an analysis of the connection between inflammatory signaling and apoptosis in this disease.
Regulation of DNA topology in mycobacteria

DNA topoisomerases catalyse essential DNA transaction processes in order to attain the balanced topology of the genome. Contrasting activities of DNA topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase result in the maintenance of topological homeostasis. The regulation of expression of different topoisomerases ensure steady state optimum level expression of the enzymes. Many aspects of their organization and regulation seem to be different in mycobacteria when compared with that of Escherichia coli. Here we present several aspects of the regulation of mycobacterial topoisomerases and discuss the significance.
Plant–insect interactions: the role of ecological stoichiometry

The energy budget of organisms is a primary factor used to generate hypotheses in ecosystem ecology and evolutionary theory. Therefore, previous studies have focused on the energy costs and benefits of adaptations, the efficiency of energy acquisition and investment, and energy budget limitations. The maintenance of stoichiometric balance is equally important because inconsistency between the chemical composition of the consumer’s tissues and that of its food sources strongly affects the major life-history traits of the consumer and may influence the consumer’s fitness and shape plant–herbivore interactions. In this short review, the framework of ecological stoichiometry is introduced, focusing on plant–insect interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. The use of the trophic stoichiometric ratio (TSR) index is presented as a useful tool for indicating the chemical elements that are scarce in food and have the potential to limit the growth and development of herbivores, thereby influencing plant – herbivorous insect interactions. As an example, the elemental composition and stoichiometry of a pollen consumer (mason bee Osmia bicornis ) and its preferred pollen are compared. The growth and development of O. bicornis may be colimited by the scarcity of K, Na, and N in pollen, whereas the development of the cocoon might be colimited by the scarcity of P, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Ca, and N. A literature review of the elemental composition of pollen shows high taxonomical variability in the concentrations of bee-limiting elements. The optimized collection of pollen species based on the elemental composition may represent a strategy used by bees to overcome stoichiometric mismatches, influencing their interactions with plants. It is concluded that the dependence of life-history traits on food stoichiometry should be considered when discussing life history evolution and plant–herbivore interactions. The TSR index may serve as a convenient and powerful tool in studies investigating plant-insect interactions.
Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activities of cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) mixed-ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2’-bipyridine

Three new 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2’-bipyridine mixed-ligand complexes of [Co(bpy)(phen) 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 . 2H 2 O, [Cu(bpy)(phen) H 2 O) 2 ]Cl 2 . 2H 2 O, and [Zn(bpy) 2 (phen)]Cl 2 . 6H 2 O were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental, IR and visible spectroscopic analyses and the results indicate that both ligands are coordinated to the respective metal ions giving octahedral complexes. Antimicrobial studies showed that there is increased antimicrobial activity of the metal ions on coordination to the ligands. The water soluble complexes showed antimicrobial activities that are higher than those of the metal salts and 2,2’-bipyridine but lower than those of 1,10-phenanthroline. The copper complex [Cu(bpy)(phen)(H 2 O) 2 ]Cl 2 . 2H 2 O shows the highest activity. KEY WORDS : 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2,2’-Bipyridine, Mixed-ligand complexes, Antimicrobial activities, Cobalt(II), Copper(II), Zinc(II) Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010 , 24(3), 383-389.
A critical discussion of models for conceptualizing the economic logic of construction

The construction industry has developed a certain economic logic that reflects the way in which tasks, parts, and units are organized and related to each other in order to create economic benefits in the construction process. Four different models in the literature portray this logic. We examine how they complement and constitute alternatives to understandings of the economic logic of the construction industry. Along with transaction cost economics, we have identified three more empirically based models: a project-oriented model, a supply-chain-oriented model, and a network-oriented model. Associated with different streams of research, these models are discussed in terms of the typical problems and key interdependencies in the construction process they address, and the type of solutions they suggest, including organizing principles for how construction parties should relate to each other. The findings show how examining different models provides a comprehensive, albeit non-exhaustive overview and an explanation of why the construction process is organized in the way it is. There is a need for increased awareness of the utilization of models (or combinations of models) and the models must also be seen as arguments in a broader discussion of how the construction process could or should function.
A Comparison of Swiss and Turkish Pre-Service Science Teachers' Attitudes, Anxiety and Self-Efficacy Regarding Educational Technology.

In this study, pre-service science teachers' anxiety, self-efficacy and attitudes regarding educational technology were investigated. Given the increased emphasis on educational technology in the classroom, teachers' attitudes, anxiety and self-efficacy regarding educational technology are important. The study was conducted with a total of 726 pre-service science teachers enrolled in teacher education courses in Turkey and Switzerland. Three different questionnaires, with appropriate reliability and validity values, were used to collect data for pre-service science teachers' attitudes, anxiety and self-efficacy regarding education technology. The differences between the pre-service science teachers' attitudes, anxiety and self-efficacy regarding education technology were determined by t-test and one-way ANOVA. The data were analysed based on the dimensions of gender, country and age. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for the relationships amongst the dependent variables. The findings revealed statistically significant differences amongst the pre-service science teachers' anxiety towards educational technology for all three dimensions (gender, country and age). Also, there were meaningful differences amongst the pre-service science teachers' self-efficacy in the three dimensions. When pre-service science teachers' attitudes towards educational technology were considered, there were only differences in the country dimension. The study revealed that pre-service science teachers had a high level of self-efficacy, an average level of anxiety and a high level of positive attitudes towards educational technology, and it also revealed that self-efficacy, anxiety and attitudes regarding educational technology are correlated.
Determination of turbulence and upper size limit in Jameson flotation cell by the use of computational fluid dynamic modelling

In the coarse particle flotation, turbulence which can be treated as energy dissipation rate, is one of the most significant parameters effecting the recovery and grade. Therefore, determination of energy dissipation rate is very beneficial for delineation of coarse particle flotation and determining the maximum floatable particle size in any cell. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling for the Jameson cell has been carried out to determine the high turbulent regions and the effect on the upper floatable size limit. The CFD modelling has been utilized for determining the flow characteristics and hydrodynamic behaviour of the Jameson flotation cell. In parallel with this purpose the turbulence map of the cell has been determined and energy dissipation rate determined by using the CFD modelling. According to the result acquired from the CFD modelling, there are two main turbulent regions which are mixing zone in the upper part of the downcomer and critical region at the separation tank. While the high turbulence at the mixing zone supplies fine bubbles and fast collection of particles, the turbulence at the separation tank causes the main detachment of the bubble- particle aggregate. Then, the increase in turbulence in the tank causes the decrease of the maximum floatable size of particles. In addition, the average energy dissipation rate in the critical region has been determined and used for estimation of the maximum floatable particle size in the Jameson cell. Moreover, the effect of hydrophobicity has been discussed.
The Joint Effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Earnings Management on Credit Ratings

I examine whether a joint relationship exists among the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), earnings management, and credit ratings. Specifically, I investigate whether earnings management in the SOX period affects credit ratings. Differences-in-differences OLS regressions indicate that income-decreasing accruals in the SOX period are associated with higher short-term credit ratings compared to control firms. Also, income-increasing accruals in the SOX period are associated with lower short-term credit ratings compared to control firms. For long-term credit ratings, the joint effect of SOX and earnings management is null.
Subjective performance evaluation and social preferences: An empirical investigation of fairness and trust reciprocity

Using an experiment, we investigate under which circumstances superiors are willing to incur a personal cost to obtain ex post non-contractible information about the individual effort levels of subordinates in a team production setting. In contrast to the standard self-interest model, but consistent with models that incorporate preferences for fairness and trust reciprocity, we show that managers are willing to pay for information that allows them to allocate rewards to their subordinates in proportion to their individual contributions to a joint production process. Moreover, our findings indicate that superiors' willingness to pay increases as the noisiness of the measure as an indicator of individual performance increases and as aggregate performance itself increases. The study contributes to the existing literature on subjective performance evaluation by identifying the conditions under which superiors are willing to seek out costly information on individual performance.
Architectural firms: Workforce, business strategy and performance

The intent of this research was to investigate the relationship between the workforce, business strategy and performance of architectural firms. Data was collected from 92 firms randomly selected from the cities where architectural firms were most concentrated in Nigeria using questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of the workforce of architectural firms on their performance. The findings confirm the significant positive impact. With business strategy controlled, the specific characteristics of the workforce and its management which influenced performance were the number of architects, the work structure, and the age and experience of the principal partners. The impact of the number of non- architecture professionals and staff participation in decision-making on performance was moderated by the business strategy adopted by the firms. The results suggest that workforce characteristics are more important than the management of the workforce in determining performance of architectural firms. This is contrary to the results of previous studies which suggest higher importance of the management. This probably indicates the peculiarity of architectural firm as a professional service firm in the construction industry.
The Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation and the linked-diagram theorem for a multi-configurational model space

The Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation formalism is extended to the case of a model space, which is not necessarily degenerate. The model space defines the zero-order or model wavefunction, and the new formalism makes it possible to use a model wavefunction of multi-configurational type. The effect of the states outside the model space are taken into account by means of a perturbation expansion and expressed in terms of an 'effective' Hamiltonian, operating only within the model space. The extended Rayleigh Schrodinger formalism is used to prove the linked-diagram theorem for a multi-configurational model space in a simple way. The problem of convergence of the perturbation expansion is briefly discussed.
Potential for water salvage by removal of non‐native woody vegetation from dryland river systems

Globally, expansion of non‐native woody vegetation across floodplains has raised concern of increased evapotranspiration (ET) water loss with consequent reduced river flows and groundwater supplies. Water salvage programs, established to meet water supply demands by removing introduced species, show little documented evidence of program effectiveness. We use two case studies in the USA and Australia to illustrate factors that contribute to water salvage feasibility for a given ecological setting. In the USA, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has become widespread on western rivers, with water salvage programs attempted over a 50‐year period. Some studies document riparian transpiration or ET reduction after saltcedar removal, but detectable increases in river base flow are not conclusively shown. Furthermore, measurements of riparian vegetation ET in natural settings show saltcedar ET overlaps the range measured for native riparian species, thereby constraining the possibility of water salvage by replacing saltcedar with native vegetation. In Australia, introduced willows (Salix spp.) have become widespread in riparian systems in the Murray–Darling Basin. Although large‐scale removal projects have been undertaken, no attempts have been made to quantify increases in base flows. Recent studies of ET indicate that willows growing in permanently inundated stream beds have high transpiration rates, indicating water savings could be achieved from removal. In contrast, native Eucalyptus trees and willows growing on stream banks show similar ET rates with no net water salvage from replacing willows with native trees. We conclude that water salvage feasibility is highly dependent on the ecohydrological setting in which the non‐native trees occur. We provide an overview of conditions favorable to water salvage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further Investigation into the Quality of Teachers’ Noticing Expertise: A Proposed Framework for Evaluating Teachers’ Models of Students’ Mathematical Thinking

Because teachers cannot directly access the processes by which students construct their mathematical knowledge, Teacher Noticing, an activity that involves observing students’ work, interpreting students’ mathematical thinking about a task based on their remarks or actions, and responding to their thinking, is important to grasp students’ mathematical understanding. A possible way for teachers to develop noticing expertise is to engage in a situation focused on student thinking such as clinical interviews. However, noticing students’ thinking productively through clinical interviews remains a challenge, especially for pre-service teachers, not only because it requires a broad range of knowledge but also because of the absence of a framework to inform and evaluate the process. This paper addresses the development of such a framework for evaluating the quality of pre-service teachers’ noticing expertise in a context where students’ thinking is emphasized by removing normal classroom interruptions. It then demonstrates how the framework can be used for this purpose through three empirical examples of pre-service teachers who engaged in an intervention that involved conducting clinical interviews and analyzing students’ mathematical thinking by watching video-recordings of their clinical interviews.
Autocratic rule in ethnically-diverse societies

Richer and more educated citizens demand better governance than poorer citizens. They participate more in the political process, are more difficult to buy off, and tend to have the financial resources to support a revolt. An autocrat who is politically insecure may therefore not invest in income-enhancing goods like education, roads, the rule of law, etc. This argument is not new. The novelty of this paper is to argue that ethnic diversity and discrimination exacerbate an autocrat’s fear of the negative effect of high income or income-enhancing investments like public education on his political survival. The combination of ethnic diversity and the fear of survival results in low economic performance in ethnically-diverse autocracies. I show that under such circumstances, the proportion of national income that the autocrat appropriates to himself is increasing in the degree of ethnic diversity. An implication is that in such ethnically-diverse societies, kleptocrats may be better off with a bigger share of a smaller national income than they are with a smaller share of a bigger national income. Previous empirical work provides some support for my theory. I discuss applications and limitations of my results.
The Use of 'Etic' to Solve Communication Barrier Between the Supervisor and the Student in Social Media Era

Previous studies reported findings that indicate drawbacks linked to the long-term completion of the final assignment at various universities in Indonesia. One of the major findings of these studies revealed that the communication problem between students and supervisors is the main obstacle in the completion of their final assignment. Based on the assessment and observation at the level of Bachelor’s degree (S1) and magister program (S2), it can be assumed that a high number of lecturers/supervisors incline to allocate less special time for guiding their students. They commonly give various reasons and indecisive time for guidance. The reason such as the lecturers’ reluctance to supervise students in relation to their less interest of student’s final paper topics, dislike of the student’s personality, absence of consultation schedule without obvious reason, and being emotional in supervising the students’ writing. In the contemporary era, communication is dominated by the individual use of social media. Each individual must always be connected with Smartphone, including lecturers and students. In addition, it also affects the communication pattern of lecturers and students. This research is a literature study using qualitative approach. It was done by examining and analyzing the prevailing problems based on the existing literature. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that code of ethics is needed as solution to overcome the problems of communication between student and supervisor. It formulates code of ethics named the “ETIC" code as a system or norm established as a set of basic principles of communication between students and supervisors to promote effective and efficient final assignment guidance in the contemporary era. "ETIC" is the acronym of the four basic principles of Ethics (E), Timeliness (T), Innovation (I), and Transparency (C). In addition, the “ETIC” code is expected to support the acceleration program of final assignment completion. Nevertheless, both systematic administrative procedures and the ease of access to documents of administrative requirements for final assignment are required to support the implementation of this code. In addition, the monitoring and evaluation process of this code and the acceleration program of final assignment completion are performed by the Final Assignment Ethics Review Committee (FAERC).
Impact and prospective of fungal pre‐treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis

The presence of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass leads to a protective barrier which prevents enzymes from being accessible to cellulose and hemicellulose for hydrolysis. As a result, pre‐treatment is a ‘must’ step for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Bio pre‐treatment is normally conducted at low temperatures and low pressures without using expensive equipment, chemical agents, reactors, and additional energy for lignin removal and biomass structure destruction. Therefore, it is a green, safe, and inexpensive method. White‐rot fungi (WRF), a group of fungi (more than 1500 different species) are successfully applied in bioconversion processes such as sewage treatment, biopulping, conversion of forest and agricultural residues to animal feeds, and the production of edible or medicinal mushrooms. In the bio pre‐treatment process, WRF are mostly used for secreting ligninolytic enzymes, a variety of donor substrates and selective degradation of lignin. Current research related to WRF bio pre‐treatment is mainly focusing on the following four aspects: (i) selection of candidate strains for certain biomass materials; (ii) optimization of cultivation methods; (iii) characterization of fungal treated materials; and (iv) evaluation of combining bio pre‐treatment with chemical or physicochemical approaches. Future prospects and recommended research work on applying WRF in bio pre‐treatment are also briefly introduced and summarized in this review. These include (i) integrated methods (i.e. co‐treatment with organic solvents, diluted acids, supercritical CO2 and ionic liquids) to resolve problems existing in fungal pre‐treatment applications; (ii) mutation breeding and crossbreeding of fungal mycelia to obtain engineering strains; and (iii) integration of fungal pre‐treatment with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to produce biofuels and value‐added products. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd