Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GEOMETRY ALGORITHM ON SKELETON IMAGE BASED SEMAPHORE GESTURE RECOGNITION

Semaphore, a way of communicating remotely, usually practiced in scouting activities. Information is delivered by gestures or movements using specific tools such as flags, paddles or rods. Teacher and instructors are needed for learning semaphore in conventional way as they will give examples and make correction when such an error occured. Based on the practical need to provide an alternative way to learn semaphore, this research proposes the use of geometry algorithm to develop a semaphore gesture recognition based on skeleton images that read from Kinect sensor. Euclidean distance and law cosines are two formulas that applied to generate gesture parameters of each alphabet. Recognition is achieved by comparing a pair of values of model and real-time gesture. Accuracy of this system that have been measured using RMSE with 30° of tolerance yields 90.76% for Alphabet and 88% for Word.
A synthesis approach of distributed model predictive control for homogeneous multi-agent system with collision avoidance

For the tracking and formation problem of multi-agent systems with collision avoidance, a synchronous distributed model predictive control (DMPC) algorithm is proposed. We consider the deterministic, linear, time-invariant, and homogeneous dynamics for all agents. In the synchronous DMPC, all the agents solve their optimisation problems synchronously, taking advantage of their neighbours’ assumed predictive information, to obtain the current optimal inputs. Considering the uncertain deviation existing between the assumed and actual predictive information of each agent, we contribute to design a deviation-dependent collision avoidance constraint, which is imposed in the individual optimisation problem to guarantee the safety of each agent. We constrain the uncertain deviation by designing a time-varying compatibility constraint in the two-norm form, which is imposed in the individual optimisation problem to play an important role in both the collision avoidance and exponential stability. By applying the proposed algorithm, the guarantees for the recursive feasibility, exponential stability and collision avoidance are all proved. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of this approach.
Enamel biomineralization defects result from alterations to amelogenin self-assembly.

Enamel formation is a powerful model for the study of biomineralization. A key feature common to all biomineralizing systems is their dependency upon the biosynthesis of an extracellular organic matrix that is competent to direct the formation of the subsequent mineral phase. The major organic component of forming mouse enamel is the 180-amino-acid amelogenin protein (M180), whose ability to undergo self-assembly is believed to contribute to biomineralization of vertebrate enamel. Two recently defined domains (A and B) within amelogenin appear essential for this self-assembly. The significance of these two domains has been demonstrated previously by the yeast two-hybrid system, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Transgenic animals were used to test the hypothesis that the self-assembly domains identified with in vitro model systems also operate in vivo. Transgenic animals bearing either a domain-A-deleted or domain-B-deleted amelogenin transgene expressed the altered amelogenin exclusively in ameloblasts. This altered amelogenin participates in the formation an organic enamel extracellular matrix and, in turn, this matrix is defective in its ability to direct enamel mineralization. At the nanoscale level, the forming matrix adjacent to the secretory face of the ameloblast shows alteration in the size of the amelogenin nanospheres for either transgenic animal line. At the mesoscale level of enamel structural hierarchy, 6-week-old enamel exhibits defects in enamel rod organization due to perturbed organization of the precursor organic matrix. These studies reflect the critical dependency of amelogenin self-assembly in forming a competent enamel organic matrix and that alterations to the matrix are reflected as defects in the structural organization of enamel.
Reactivation of antecedents by overt vs null pronouns: Evidence from Persian

In Persian, a construction exists in which a gap can optionally be replaced by an overt pronoun. A self-paced reading study (110 participants) suggests that the overt pronoun results in deeper encoding (higher activation) of the antecedent noun, presumably because of richer retrieval cue specifications during antecedent retrieval at the pronoun; this higher activation has the consequence that the antecedent is easier to retrieve at a subsequent stage. This provides new evidence for reactivation effects of the type assumed in the cue-based retrieval model of parsing (Lewis and Vasishth, 2005), and shows that dependency resolution is not simply a matter of connecting two co-dependents; the retrieval cue specification has a differential impact on processing.
Newton-Raphson Consensus under asynchronous and lossy communications for peer-to-peer networks

In this work we study the problem of unconstrained convex-optimization in a fully distributed multi-agent setting which includes asynchronous computation and lossy communication. In particular, we extend a recently proposed algorithm named Newton-Raphson Consensus by integrating it with a broadcast-based average consensus algorithm which is robust to packet losses. We show via the separation of time scales principle that under mild conditions (i.e., persistency of the agents activation and bounded consecutive communication failures) the proposed algorithm is proved to be locally exponentially stable with respect to the optimal global solution. Finally, we complement the theoretical analysis with numerical simulations that are based on real datasets.
Distributed Memory Techniques for Classical Simulation of Quantum Circuits

In this paper we describe, implement, and test the performance of distributed memory simulations of quantum circuits on the MSU Laconia Top500 supercomputer. Using OpenMP and MPI hybrid parallelization, we first use a distributed matrix-vector multiplication with one-dimensional partitioning and discuss the shortcomings of this method due to the exponential memory requirements in simulating quantum computers. We then describe a more efficient method that stores only the $2^n$ amplitudes of the $n$ qubit state vector $|\psi\rangle$ and optimize its single node performance. In our multi-node implementation, we use a single amplitude communication protocol that maximizes the number of qubits able to be simulated and minimizes the ratio of qubits that require communication to those that do not, and we present an algorithm for efficiently determining communication pairs among processors. We simulate up to 30 qubits on a single node and 33 qubits with the state vector partitioned across 64 nodes. Lastly, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our communication scheme, propose potential improvements, and describe other optimizations such as storing the state vector non-sequentially in memory to map communication requirements to idle qubits in the circuit.
Bone marrow-derived cells in normal human corneal stroma.

OBJECTIVE To examine the normal human corneal stroma for the presence of bone marrow-derived cells. METHODS Thirty-four corneas from donors aged 56 to 71 years were used. The stroma of the donor corneas was examined immunohistochemically by fluorescent microscopy. CD45-positive and -negative cells were separated from collagenase-digested stroma by magnetic beads, and the expression of toll-like receptor 4 was analyzed. RESULTS CD45-positive cells were mainly found in the anterior stroma of the central and paracentral cornea as well as all stromal layers of the peripheral cornea (n = 5). These cells uniformly expressed CD11b, CD11c, CD14, and HLA-DR antigen but not CD3, CD19, CD56, or CD66, indicative of bone marrow-derived monocyte lineage cells, which can include monocytes, macrophages, or dendritic cells. CD45-positive cells isolated with magnetic beads accounted for 6.0% of total stromal cells (n = 20). Stromal CD45-positive cells, but not CD45-negative cells, expressed toll-like receptor 4 by flow cytometry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that DR antigen-positive bone marrow-derived monocyte lineage cells exist in the anterior and peripheral posterior stroma of normal human cornea. Clinical Relevance These cells may play a role in the innate and adaptive immune responses in the human cornea.
Elimination of HIV-1 infection by treatment with a doxorubicin-conjugated anti-envelope antibody

Objective:To test the efficacy of an immunoconjugate against HIV-1. Design:A murine monoclonal antibody against the envelope antigen of HIV (P4/D10) was conjugated with the conventional anticancer drug, doxorubicin, and tested against infectious virus and infected cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods:P4/D10 antibody was incubated with free virus (neutralization) or HIV-infected cells (inhibition) and the resulting infection was measured by a p24 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In an HIV-1/MuLV murine challenge model, the ability of the conjugate to inhibit infection in vivo was measured. Results:Doxorubicin-conjugated P4/D10 neutralized HIV-1IIIB and eliminated intercellular spread and HIV replication in infected Jurkat cells in vitro. The conjugate also protected mice from challenge with HIV-1IIIB/MuLV at an eightfold lower concentration than needed for free antibody, whereas no effects were observed for comparable doses of free drug or irrelevant conjugate controls. Conclusion:This indicates that doxorubicin is concentrated to HIV-infected cells by the P4/D10 antibody, significantly (P = 0.0001) contributing to HIV elimination. This concept could also be adapted to eradicate remaining antigen-expressing T cells in patients treated with antiretroviral therapy.
Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: Current concepts and length of sobriety

Key Points 1 The 1‐year and 5‐year actuarial survival rates following liver transplantation for patients with alcoholic liver disease are 82% and 68%, respectively, in the United States and 85% and 70%, respectively, in Europe. These survival rates are similar to the outcomes of patients who undergo transplantation for other types of chronic liver disease. 2 Posttransplant improvements in health‐related quality of life are similar in patients who undergo transplantation for alcoholic liver disease compared to those who undergo transplantation for other causes of end‐stage liver disease. 3 Approximately 20% of patients who undergo transplantation for alcoholic liver disease use alcohol posttransplant, with one‐third of these individuals exhibiting repetitive or heavy drinking. Surprisingly, little evidence exists to document a significant detrimental effect on graft or patient survival associated with resumption of drinking. 4 There are few reliable predictors of relapse in alcoholic patients after liver transplantation. Although not supported by all studies, abstinence of fewer than 6 months prior to transplantation may be a reasonable predictor of recidivism and is widely employed as a criterion for listing for liver transplantation. There are no good data to determine if some patients with sobriety fewer than 6 months might benefit from liver transplantation. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:S31–S38.)
DESIGN OF A FUZZY MIN-MAX HYPERBOX CLASSIFIER USING A SUPERVISED LEARNING METHOD

ABSTRACT This investigation proposes a fuzzy min-max hyperbox classifier to solve M-class classification problems. In the proposed fuzzy min-max hyperbox classifier, a supervised learning method is implemented to generate min-max hyperboxes for the training patterns in each class so that the generated fuzzy min-max hyperbox classifier has a perfect classification rate in the training set. However, the 100% correct classification of the training set generally leads to overfitting. In order to improve this drawback, a procedure is employed to decrease the complexity of the input decision boundaries so that the generated fuzzy hyperbox classifier has a good generalization performance. Finally, two benchmark data sets are considered to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach for solving this classification problem.
The role of the cytoskeleton in the polarized growth of the germ tube in Candida albicans.

Cells of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans are easily induced to germinate in synchrony. Using germinating cells of strain FC18, we examined the effects of several drugs that are known to affect the cytoskeleton on growth and cytoskeletal organization. Cytochalasin A (CA), an inhibitor of actin function, inhibited the germination of the yeast cells and changed the cylindrical expansion of the apex of the germ tube to swelling growth. Effects of CA on the organization of actin were examined with rhodamine-phalloidin (Rh-Ph), which specifically stains F-actin. In CA-untreated cells, Rh-Ph staining resulted in condensed dot-like fluorescence at the growing tip, as well as filamentous fluorescence (actin cables) that ran from the apex to the basal region. In CA-treated cells, condensed dot-like fluorescence was still observed at the swelling tip, but actin cables had disappeared completely. This result indicates that CA does not affect the asymmetrical distribution of actin, and suggests that the actin cables are not required for maintenance of the polarized localization of actin. Benomyl, an anti-microtubule drug, inhibited the germination of yeast cells and the apical growth of germinated cells. Benomyl not only disrupted microtubules (MTs), but also affected the distribution of actin. In benomyl-treated cells, actin dots were randomly dispersed all over the cell. This result indicates that benomyl destroyed the mechanism that maintains the asymmetrical distribution of actin, and suggests that MTs are involved in such a mechanism. The polarized localization of organelles is one of the most important factors associated with dimorphism. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of low temperature on single event Latchup mechanisms by TCAD simulations for applications down to 50K

This paper presents a physical investigation of the mechanisms induced by the low temperature on Single-Event Latchup in CMOS inverters for a range of technology nodes (250 nm from Sofradir and 180 nm from IBM). For the first time, the TCAD simulations show a good agreement of Latchup characteristics with the experimental measurements at cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, a more robust technology provided by Sofradir was demonstrated.
Inheritance of a Gene Conditioning Blotchy Root Color in Table Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

brid populations. J Hered 75:45-50. Mejla-Jimenez A, Munoz C, Jacobsen HJ, Roca WM, and Singh SP, 1994. Interspecific hybridization between common and tepary beans: Increased hybrid growth, fertility, and efficiency of hybridization through recurrent and congrulty backcrosslng. Theor Appl Genet 88: 324-331. Mildas PN, Rosas JC, Beaver JS, Telek L, and Freytag GF, 1994. Field performance o( select tepary bean germplasm In the tropics. Crop Scl 34:1639-1644. Omwega CO, Thomason U, Roberts PA, and Walnes JG, 1989. Identification of new sources of resistance to root-knot nematodes In Phaseolus. Crop Scl 29:14631468. Parker JP and Michaels TE, 1986. Simple genetic control of hybrid plant development in Interspecific crosses between Phaseolus uulgaris L and P. acutifolius A. Gray. Plant Breed 97:315-323. Pratt RC and Gordon SG, 1994. Introgresslon of Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray Into the Phaseolus vulgaris L genome. Plant Breed 113:137-149. Pratt RC and Nabhan GP, 1988. Evolution and diversity of Phaseolus acutifolius genetic resources. In: Genetic resources of Phaseolus beans (Gepts P, ed). Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic; 409-440. Rabakoarihanta A, Shil CT, Mok MC, and Mok DWS, 1980. Melosls and fertility of Interspecific hybrids between Phaseolus vulgaris L and P. acutifolius A. Gray. Theor Appl Genet 57:59-64. Schlnkel C and Gepts P, 1989. Allozyme variability In the tepary bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray. Plant Breed 102:182-195. Scott ME and Michaels TE, 1992. Xanthomonas resistance of Phaseolus Interspecific cross selections confirmed by field performance. HortSclence 27:348-350. Stocldnger EJ and Walnes JG, 1986. Interspecific hybridization between Kenyan common beans and tepary beans. Annu Rep Bean Improv Coop 2953-94. Thomas CV and Waines JG, 1984. Fertile backcross and allotetraplold plants from crosses between tepary beans and common beans. J Hered 7553-98. Thomas CV, Manshardt RM, and Walnes JG, 1983. Teparies as a source of useful traits for Improving common bean. Desert Plants 5:43-48. Vallejos CE, 1983. Enzyme activity staining. In: Isozymes In plant genetics and breeding, Part A (Tanksley SD and Orton TJ, eds). Amsterdam: Elsevien 469-516. Walnes JG, Manshardt RM, and Wells WC, 1988. Interspecific hybridization between Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius. In: Genetic resources of Phaseolus beans (Gepts P, ed). Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer; 485-502. Wall JR, 1968. Leucine amlnopeptidase polymorphism In Phaseolus and differential elimination of the donor parent genotype In Interspecific backcrosses. Blochem Genet 2:109-118. Zamlr D and Tadmor Y, 1986. Unequal segregation of nuclear genes In plants. Bot Gaz 147:355-358. Received October 30, 1995 Accepted November 29, 1996 Corresponding Editor: Susan Gabay-Laughnan Inheritance of a Gene Conditioning Blotchy Root Color in Table Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Local Not Systemic Modulation of Dendritic Cell S1P Receptors in Lung Blunts Virus-Specific Immune Responses to Influenza

The mechanism by which locally delivered sphingosine analogs regulate host response to localized viral infection has never been addressed. In this report, we show that intratracheal delivery of the chiral sphingosine analog (R)-2-amino-4-(4-heptyloxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanol (AAL-R) or its phosphate ester inhibits the T-cell response to influenza virus infection. In contrast, neither intraperitoneal delivery of AAL-R nor intratracheal instillation of the non-phosphorylatable stereoisomer AAL-S suppressed virus-specific T-cell response, indicating that in vivo phosphorylation of AAL-R and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulation in lungs is essential for immunomodulation. Intratracheal delivery of water-soluble S1P1 receptor agonist at doses sufficient to induce systemic lymphopenia did not inhibit virus-specific T-cell response, indicating that S1P1 is not involved in the immunosuppressive activities of AAL-R and that immunosuppression acts independently of naive lymphocyte recirculation. Accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes was inhibited by intratracheal but not intraperitoneal delivery of AAL-R. Direct modulation of DCs is demonstrated by the impaired ability of virus-infected bone marrow-derived DCs treated in vitro with AAL-R to trigger in vivo T-cell response after adoptive transfer to the airways. Thus, our results suggest that locally delivered sphingosine analogs induce immunosuppression by modulating S1P receptors other than S1P1 or S1P2 on dendritic cells in the lungs after influenza virus infection.
The characteristic polynomial of the Adams operators on graded connected Hopf algebras

The Adams operators $\Psi_n$ on a Hopf algebra $H$ are the convolution powers of the identity of $H$. We study the Adams operators when $H$ is graded connected. They are also called Hopf powers or Sweedler powers. The main result is a complete description of the characteristic polynomial (both eigenvalues and their multiplicities) for the action of the operator $\Psi_n$ on each homogeneous component of $H$. The eigenvalues are powers of $n$. The multiplicities are independent of $n$, and in fact only depend on the dimension sequence of $H$. These results apply in particular to the antipode of $H$ (the case $n=-1$). We obtain closed forms for the generating function of the sequence of traces of the Adams operators. In the case of the antipode, the generating function bears a particularly simple relationship to the one for the dimension sequence. In case H is cofree, we give an alternative description for the characteristic polynomial and the trace of the antipode in terms of certain palindromic words. We discuss parallel results that hold for Hopf monoids in species and $q$-Hopf algebras.
Dark-Current Suppression in Metal–Germanium–Metal Photodetectors Through Dopant-Segregation in NiGe—Schottky Barrier

We demonstrate, for the first time, the application of dopant-segregation (DS) technique in metal-germanium- metal photodetectors for dark-current suppression and high-speed performance. Low defect density and surface smooth epi-Ge (~300 nm) layer was selectively grown on patterned Si substrate using two-step epi-growth at 400degC/600degC combined with a thin (~10 nm) low-temperature Si/Si0.8 Ge0.2 buffer layer. NiGe with DS effectively modulates the Schottky barrier height and suppresses dark current to ~10 -7 A at -1 V bias (width/spacing: 30/2.5 mum). Under normal incidence illumination at 1.55 mum, the devices show photoresponsivity of 0.12 A/W. The 3 dB bandwidth under - 1 V bias is up to 6 GHz.
Live Cell Analysis and Targeting of the Lipid Droplet-binding Adipocyte Differentiation-related Protein* 210

Neutral lipid is stored in spherical organelles called lipid droplets that are bounded by a coat of proteins. The protein that is most frequently found at the surface of lipid droplets is adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP). In this study, we demonstrate that fusion of either the human or mouse ADRP coding sequences to green fluorescent protein (GFP) does not disrupt the ability of the protein to associate with lipid droplets. Using this system to identify targeting elements, discontinuous segments within the coding region were required for directing ADRP to lipid droplets. GFP-tagged protein was employed also to examine the behavior of lipid droplets in live cells. Time lapse microscopy demonstrated that in HuH-7 cells, which are derived from a human hepatoma, a small number of lipid droplets could move rapidly, indicating transient association with intracellular transport pathways. Most lipid droplets did not show such movement but oscillated within a confined area; these droplets were in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and moved in concert with the endoplasmic reticulum. Fluorescence recovery analysis of GFP-tagged ADRP in live cells revealed that surface proteins do not rapidly diffuse between lipid droplets, even in conditions where they are closely packed. This system provides new insights into the properties of lipid droplets and their interaction with cellular processes.