Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Leadership and Public Service Motivation Enhance Innovative Behavior

Prior research has linked the innovative behavior of public sector employees to desirable outcomes, such as improved efficiency and higher public service quality. However, questions regarding the drivers of innovative behavior among employees have received limited attention. This study employs psychological empowerment theory to examine the underlying processes by which entrepreneurial leadership and public service motivation (PSM) shape innovative behavior among civil servants. Using three-wave data from 281 Chinese civil servants and their 59 department heads, entrepreneurial leadership is found to positively influence subordinates’ innovative behavior by enhancing two dimensions of psychological empowerment: meaning and impact. Additionally, PSM was found to influence subordinates’ innovative behavior by enhancing the dimensions of meaning and competence. Our findings suggest that to facilitate innovative behavior amongst employees, public organizations should consider introducing training that encourages leaders to serve as entrepreneurial role models and recruit employees with high levels of PSM.
Generational differences in American students’ reasons for going to college, 1971–2014: The rise of extrinsic motives

ABSTRACT We examined generational differences in reasons for attending college among a nationally representative sample of college students (N = 8 million) entering college between 1971–2014. We validated the items on reasons for attending college against an established measure of extrinsic and intrinsic values among college students in 2014 (n = 189). Millennials (in college 2000s–2010s) and Generation X (1980s–1990s) valued extrinsic reasons for going to college (“to make more money”) more, and anti-extrinsic reasons (“to gain a general education and appreciation of ideas”) less than Boomers when they were the same age in the 1960s–1970s. Extrinsic reasons for going to college were higher in years with more income inequality, college enrollment, and extrinsic values. These results mirror previous research finding generational increases in extrinsic values begun by GenX and continued by Millennials, suggesting that more recent generations are more likely to favor extrinsic values in their decision-making.
Gender inequality and homicide: a cross-national examination

ABSTRACT Studies examining gender inequality and crime have often explored the connection between female victimisation and crime. However, feminist theories do provide a rationale for gender inequality affecting all crime, not just female victimisation. Using the ameliorative and the backlash hypothesis the current analysis examined gender inequality and homicide in 94 countries. Using a gender inequality index, we found that as gender inequality increased the homicide rate increased. This finding supports the ameliorative hypothesis, which states that as societies become more equal crime will decrease.
Preoperative liver dysfunction influences blood product administration and alterations in circulating haemostatic markers following ventricular assist device implantation.

OBJECTIVES Preoperative liver dysfunction may influence haemostasis following ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was assessed as a predictor of bleeding and levels of haemostatic markers in patients with currently utilized VADs. METHODS Sixty-three patients (31 HeartMate II, 15 HeartWare, 17 Thoratec paracorporeal ventricular assist device) implanted 2001-11 were analysed for preoperative liver dysfunction (MELD) and blood product administration. Of these patients, 21 had additional blood drawn to measure haemostatic marker levels. Cohorts were defined based on high (≥18.0, n = 7) and low (<18.0, n = 14) preoperative MELD scores. RESULTS MELD score was positively correlated with postoperative administration of red blood cell (RBC), platelet, plasma and total blood product units (TBPU) , as well as chest tube drainage and cardiopulmonary bypass time. Age and MELD were preoperative predictors of TBPU by multivariate analysis. The high-MELD cohort had higher administration of TBPU, RBC and platelet units and chest tube drainage postimplant. Similarly, patients who experienced at least one bleeding adverse event were more likely to have had a high preoperative MELD. The high-MELD group exhibited different temporal trends in F1 + 2 levels and platelet counts to postoperative day (POD) 55. D-dimer levels in high-MELD patients became elevated versus those for low-MELD patients on POD 55. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative MELD score predicts postoperative bleeding in contemporary VADs. Preoperative liver dysfunction may also alter postoperative subclinical haemostasis through different temporal trends of thrombin generation and platelet counts, as well as protracted fibrinolysis.
Enculturing innovation : Indian engagements with nanotechnology

This thesis tries to understand the ‘Culture(s) of innovation’ in nanoscience and technology (NS&T) research for development in India. It tries to understand the character of techno-scientific knowledge practices within five NS&T labs and their own location within the broad political, social, cultural and developmental contexts of contemporary India. It describes and interprets how people, their technical and social institutions and their combined practices influence and negotiate a particular technology in understanding it, and using it to meet the ends they seek to meet. It is an account of a ‘culture of innovation’ that links the macro with the micro, and the inside of the lab with the world outside - a world that is a much bigger influence than is generally believed. Using the learnings from the empirical material and the diversity it points to, the thesis concludes with a set of six inter-related steps of how and why innovation is encultured.
The Exchange Rate Effects of Macro News after the Global Financial Crisis

This paper explores whether the exchange rate effects of macro news are time- and state-dependent by analyzing and comparing the relative influence of US and Japanese macro news on the JPY/USD rate before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis. A comprehensive set totaling 40 time-stamped US and Japanese news variables and preceding survey expectations along with 5-minute indicative JPY/USD quotes spanning the 1 January 1999 to 31 August 2016 period facilitate our analysis. Our results suggest that while US macro news are now more important than before the Crisis, the influence of Japanese macro news has waned to the point of near-irrelevance. These findings are of particular importance to exchange rate modeling of the New Era.
Sleep-stage Characterization by Nonlinear EEG Analysis using Wavelet-based Multifractal Formalism

The wavelet-based multifractal formalism was applied on sleep EEG analysis and sleep-stage characterization. The subjects used in this study were randomly selected from the MIT-BIH Polysomnographic Database. The multifractal singularity spectra of sleep EEG signals were estimated, and h0, the Holder exponent that denotes the main singular property of the signal, was extracted from the multifractal singularity spectrum and used as sleep-stage characteristic parameter. The shift of multifractal singularity spectra of different sleep stage was observed. The mean h0 exponents increased from awake to sleep stage 1, 2, 3 and 4, but decreased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Our study suggests that the h0 exponent could be used as an important sleep stage characteristic parameter
Relationship Between Vertical and Horizontal Jump Variables and Muscular Performance in Athletes

Abstract Dobbs, CW, Gill, ND, Smart, DJ, and McGuigan, MR. Relationship between vertical and horizontal jump variables and muscular performance in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 29(3): 661–671, 2015—This study investigated the relationship between vertical and horizontal measures in bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump, drop jump and squat jump (SJ), and sprinting speed and muscle architecture of both the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius. Subjects (n = 17) completed a 30-m sprint test, muscle stiffness test; ultrasound measures, and a jump testing session. Measures of horizontal peak and mean force, in both bilateral and unilateral jumps, tended to have greater relationships to sprint speeds (R 2 = 0.132–0.576) than peak and mean force in the vertical plane (R 2 = 0.008–0.504). Vertical velocity variables also showed some large and very large correlations to sprint speed (R 2 = 0.062–0.635). Unilateral measures of velocity tended to have larger correlations to sprint performance than their bilateral counterparts across all jump types and peak and mean velocity in SJ showed large and very large correlations to sprint speed (bilateral R 2 = 0.227–0.635; unilateral 0.393–0.574). Few large correlations were shown between muscle stiffness measures of muscle architecture and kinetic and kinematic variables in either vertical or horizontal jumps. The present findings suggest that sport scientists and strength and conditioning practitioners concerned with the prognostic value of kinetic variables to functional movements such as sprint speed should also use horizontal jumps in addition to vertical jumps in testing and training.
Dowry in India and bride price in Thailand

This paper makes a modest attempt to provide a comprehensive description of the institution of marriage transaction in India and Thailand. In most societies and their marriage institutions, an important aspect characterizing marriage is the financial transfer. This transfer is usually made at the time of marriage between families involved. It can be in two forms: transfer from the bride’s family to the groom’s known as dowry as practiced widely in India or from the groom’s family to the bride’s known as bride price as practiced in Thailand at the time of marriage. The present paper uses mostly secondary source of data by reviewing the literature available from books, journals and electronic sources. Findings in this paper may help to bridge the gap in the available knowledge and literature about the origin, forms, changes and factors of the prevalence of the institutions of dowry in India and bride price in Thailand, to highlight positive and negative effects from its analysis, thereby contributing to the policy makers to understanding this social institution which may create social problems or be beneficial to the bride, family or to the society at large.
Competing Risks Copula Models for Unemployment Duration: An Application to a German Hartz Reform

Abstract The copula graphic estimator (CGE) for competing risks models has received little attention in empirical research, despite having been developed into a comprehensive research method. In this paper, we bridge the gap between theoretical developments and applied research by considering a general class of competing risks copula models, which nests popular models such as the Cox proportional hazards model, the semiparametric multivariate mixed proportional hazards model (MMPHM), and the CGE as special cases. Analyzing the effects of a German Hartz reform on unemployment duration, we illustrate that the CGE imposes fewer restrictions on partial covariate effects than standard methods do. Differences are less evident when a more flexible difference-in-differences estimator is applied. It is also found that the MMPHM estimates react more strongly to the choice of the copula than the CGE in terms of the shape of the treatment effect function over time. Thus, the MMPHM produces less robust results in our application.
The Impact of a Nutrition Information Program on Food Purchases

A quasi-experimental repeated measures design using a matched set of 20 test and comparison supermarkets in the Washington, D. C. and Baltimore, Md. , metropolitan areas was used to evaluate a nutrition information program called “Special Diet Alert” (SDA) introduced by Giant Food, Inc. into Washington, D. C. stores in March 1981. The objective of the SDA program was to help supermarket shoppers find products for special diet needs by providing brand-specific (i.e., individual product level) shelf markers that identified products considered low or reduced in sodium, calories, cholesterol, and fat, supplemented by take-away information booklets available from a rack in the store which listed SDA brand names and specific nutrient values. Market shares of these products were tracked over the two-year evaluation period in Washington, D. C. and Baltimore stores. The pattern of differential sales trends across 16 individual food categories was complicated, but sales of shelf-marked products increased on the average 4 to 8 percent more over the two-year evaluation period in Washington, D. C. than in Baltimore, Md. stores. The average magnitude of effect attributable to SDA was modest in comparison with other factors influencing consumer purchases, highlighting the need for powerful evaluation designs to assess the effectiveness of information programs that operate in the context of many other more powerful influences. Further research is needed to determine which aspects of the SDA program were critical to its success, but one obvious difference between SDA and other in-store nutrition information programs that have been reported in the literature was the use of individual brand-specific shelf markers to deliver nutrition information to shoppers rather than prominently displayed sectional posters and detailed educational pamphlets.
Financial Liberalization Index for Sri Lanka

Financial liberalization is a process of liberalizing the financial system of an economy by reducing controls in interest rates, financial intermediaries, and markets. Since the mid-1980s, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) started financial liberalization as a basic frame work for developing member countries to accelerate economic growth. Sri Lanka has been involved this process since 1977.This study attempts to establish an index to evaluate the complex process of financial liberalization in Sri Lanka by focusing on important changes in the financial sector. The study has used major policy components of financial liberalization to construct financial liberalization index at a particular time. In order to derive the index, an arbitrary value is assigned to each of the policy variables. Each policy variable can take a value between 0 and1.The value is depending on the implementation phases of the policy. Time series annual data from1977 to 2011 are used to construct the index. The principle Component Method is used as an analysis method. This index is helpful to evaluate the impact of financial liberalization policies on various aspect of the economy. The constructed index shows that financial liberalization has gradually increased from 1997to 2011, though the policies are implemented since 1977 in Sri Lanka.
Mechanism-based bioanalysis and biomarkers for hepatic chemical stress

Adverse drug reactions, in particular drug-induced hepatotoxicity, represent a major challenge for clinicians and an impediment to safe drug development. Novel blood or urinary biomarkers of chemically-induced hepatic stress also hold great potential to provide information about pathways leading to cell death within tissues. The earlier pre-clinical identification of potential hepatotoxins and non-invasive diagnosis of susceptible patients, prior to overt liver disease is an important goal. Moreover, the identification, validation and qualification of biomarkers that have in vitro, in vivo and clinical transferability can assist bridging studies and accelerate the pace of drug development. Drug-induced chemical stress is a multi-factorial process, the kinetics of the interaction between the hepatotoxin and the cellular macromolecules are crucially important as different biomarkers will appear over time. The sensitivity of the bioanalytical techniques used to detect biological and chemical biomarkers underpins the usefulness of the marker in question. An integrated analysis of the biochemical, molecular and cellular events provides an understanding of biological (host) factors which ultimately determine the balance between xenobiotic detoxification, adaptation and liver injury. The aim of this review is to summarise the potential of novel mechanism-based biomarkers of hepatic stress which provide information to connect the intracellular events (drug metabolism, organelle, cell and whole organ) ultimately leading to tissue damage (apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation). These biomarkers can provide both the means to inform the pharmacologist and chemist with respect to safe drug design, and provide clinicians with valuable tools for patient monitoring.
Structural and Functional Features of the Transmembrane Domain of the Na,K-ATPase β Subunit Revealed by Tryptophan Scanning*

In oligomeric P2-ATPases such as Na,K- and H,K-ATPases, β subunits play a fundamental role in the structural and functional maturation of the catalytic α subunit. In the present study we performed a tryptophan scanning analysis on the transmembrane α-helix of the Na,K-ATPase β1 subunit to investigate its role in the stabilization of the α subunit, the endoplasmic reticulum exit of α-β complexes, and the acquisition of functional properties of the Na,K-ATPase. Single or multiple tryptophan substitutions in the β subunits transmembrane domain had no significant effect on the structural maturation of α subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes nor on the level of expression of functional Na,K pumps at the cell surface. Furthermore, tryptophan substitutions in regions of the transmembrane α-helix containing two GXXXG transmembrane helix interaction motifs or a cysteine residue, which can be cross-linked to transmembrane helix M8 of the α subunit, had no effect on the apparent K+ affinity of Na,K-ATPase. On the other hand, substitutions by tryptophan, serine, alanine, or cysteine, but not by phenylalanine of two highly conserved tyrosine residues, Tyr40 and Tyr44, on another face of the transmembrane helix, perturb the transport kinetics of Na,K pumps in an additive way. These results indicate that at least two faces of the β subunits transmembrane helix contribute to inter- or intrasubunit interactions and that two tyrosine residues aligned in the β subunits transmembrane α-helix are determinants of intrinsic transport characteristics of Na,K-ATPase.
Alveolar distraction: analysis of 10 cases.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications of alveolar distraction and outcome. STUDY DESIGN Ten patients with alveolar ridge deficiencies were treated with alveolar distraction osteogenesis by means of intraosseous distractors (Lead system, Stryker Leibenger, Kalamazoo, Mich). The deficiencies were caused by atrophy after periodontal disease or atrophy after tooth extraction (n = 6), benign tumor resection (n = 2), trauma (n = l), or oligodontia in a case of ectodermal dysplasia (n = l). The location of the defects was the anterior mandible (7), posterior mandible (1), and anterior maxilla (2). The mean follow-up was 1.8 years, with a range of 10 months to 3 years. RESULTS The mean alveolar distraction achieved in 10 cases was 8.7 mm (5-15 mm). The intraoperative and postoperative problems encountered were lingual (n = 3) and palatal (n = 2) displacement of the distracted segment, fracture of the distracted segment in a very thin alveolar bone (n = 1), and intraoperative bleeding (n = 1). CONCLUSION Overall complication rate was 70%. However, most of the complications were minor and eliminated easily. Implant success rate was 85%.
Caspase gene expression in the brain as a function of the clinical progression of Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND Caspase gene expression has previously been reported in terminal Alzheimer disease (AD) brain, but, currently, little is known about the temporal pattern of caspase gene expression relative to the onset and clinical progression of AD. OBJECTIVE To derive a profile of caspase gene expression and proapoptotic indexes as a function of the clinical and neuropathologic progression of AD dementia. SETTING AND PATIENTS Postmortem survey of nursing home patients characterized clinically by Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and neuropathologically by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease criteria. DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES To assess messenger RNA expression of caspase-1, -2L, -2S, -3, -5, -6, -7, -8, and -9; apoptotic cell death by TUNEL assay; and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in postmortem brain tissue samples from cognitively normal (CDR 0), high risk of developing AD dementia (CDR 0.5), and severe dementia (CDR 5) cases. RESULTS Compared with CDR 0 cases, elevated messenger RNA expression of caspase-1 and caspase-7 in the entorhinal cortex of CDR 0.5 cases coincided with increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage but not apoptotic cell injury. In the entorhinal cortex of CDR 5 cases, we found elevation of caspase-1, -2L, -3, -5, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and a greater than 4-fold increase in TUNEL-positive cells. Caspase messenger RNA expression was closely associated with neurofibrillary tangle and, to a lesser extent, neuritic plaque density. CONCLUSIONS Proapoptotic mechanisms may be at play early in the onset of AD (before overt signs of apoptosis) and may be a conditional factor for later apoptotic cell injury or death. These data have relevance to potential therapeutic interventions for AD using selective caspase inhibitors.
Hairy cell leukemia: clinical, pathological and ultrastructural findings in Asian-Indians.

BACKGROUND Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL), lymphoproliferative disease of older age, is characterized by projections from surface of abnormal cells. AIM The aim was to study the clinical presentation and ultrastructural changes in hairy cells (HCs) following cladribine treatment. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Clinical presentation, peripheral smear, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy of HCL cases diagnosed over a period of three years were reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive HCL cases in Hematology clinic of a tertiary care center were enrolled. Tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) test was done to detect HCs and electron microscopy was done to demonstrate initial ultrastructural changes and alterations following cladribine therapy. RESULTS Fifteen cases of HCL, aged 32-57 years (median 47 years) were studied. The clinical presentation included splenomegaly in 15 (100%), fever in 10 (67%), hepatomegaly and pain abdomen in eight (53%), fatigue in nine (60 %) cases. The commonest laboratory features were monocytopenia in 13 (87%), neutropenia in 12 (80%), anemia in 10 (67 %) and pancytopenia in nine (60%). All patients showed symptomatic improvement on cladribine therapy. Electron microscopy after treatment (three months) showed loss of the finger like projections, characteristic bald lymphocytes, loss of ribosomal lamellar complexes, as well as decrease in mitochondria and vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS Indian patients with HCL are younger. Cladribine is an effective therapy for these patients and leads to complete response in most of the patients. There is a significant improvement in the ultrastructural features following cladribine therapy.