Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asociación entre los macronutrientes de la dieta y la obesidad en la infancia y adolescencia; un estudio de casos y controles

Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity among Spanish children and adolescents has become an important public health problem. Objective: To assess the association between dietary macronutrient intake and obesity in a case-control study of children and adolescents (aged 5.5 to 18.8) from Navarra. Methods: Cases were 178 obese children (body mass index > 97 th percentile), from Navarra. Controls were individually matched by sex and age. Anthropometric data were collected by trained personal using standardized procedures. Personal interviews were performed to collect previously validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). From these FFQs we calculated the intake of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats) and types of fatty acids. Energy-adjusted macronutrient intake was divided into quintiles. Conditional logistic regression was used and confounder factors were taken into account. Results: The macronutrient composition of the diet was similar between cases and controls, except for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake, which was significantly inversely associated with obesity (p for trend < 0.01), with adjusted odds ratio = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.77) for the fifth versus the first quintile. Conclusions: An inverse and significant association between PUFA intake and obesity was found in this casecontrol study.
Test Collection Based Evaluation of Information Retrieval Systems

Use of test collections and evaluation measures to assess the effectiveness of information retrieval systems has its origins in work dating back to the early 1950s. Across the nearly 60 years since that work started, use of test collections is a de facto standard of evaluation. This monograph surveys the research conducted and explains the methods and measures devised for evaluation of retrieval systems, including a detailed look at the use of statistical significance testing in retrieval experimentation. This monograph reviews more recent examinations of the validity of the test collection approach and evaluation measures as well as outlining trends in current research exploiting query logs and live labs. At its core, the modern-day test collection is little different from the structures that the pioneering researchers in the 1950s and 1960s conceived of. This tutorial and review shows that despite its age, this long-standing evaluation method is still a highly valued tool for retrieval research.
Acquisition of Pseudonoise Signals by Recursion-Aided Sequential Estimation

An improved method of acquisition of pseudonoise signals (RARASE) is described and analyzed. This method is an outgrowth of the RASE method, rapid acquisition by sequential estimation. In the new method, the known recursion relation of the PN signal is used to determine if a short estimate of the state of the received PN signal is probably correct and if, consequently, an attempt should be made to track with that estimate. A high proportion of the incorrect initial state estimates can be discarded with relatively simple logic. Analyses are provided for a range of implementations from the simplest, a single 3-input modulo-2 gate, to multiple logic gates and for both a simple in-lock detector and a sequential detector. Significant improvement in acquisition time is shown for long PN signals and for the signal-to-noise range of -13 dB to +3 dB. Acquisition time reduction by a factor of 7.5 is calculated for a PN signal of length 2^{15}-1 bits compared to the sequential estimation (RASE) method using a simple in-lock detector. Reduction by factors of 1.5 to 3.5 is calculated using the sequential detector.
How Long to Keep the Surgical Drains- Looking for Evidence

Objective: Closed suction drainage is the standard of care for head and neck surgical wounds. The aim of study is to determine the effective duration of surgical drains in different types of Head and Neck procedures. Study design: Prospective randomized trial in a tertiary referral center. Methods: A total of 153 patients were divided into five groups. The study included patients with Head and Neck malignancies undergoing surgery. The patients in each group were assigned to two groups (Day 2 and Day 5) and drain output was measured. Results: The total drainage was found to be more in laryngectomy group followed by neck dissection group, then by primary lesion excision with neck dissection followed by thyroidectomy group and lowest in Parotidectomy group. It was found that maximum drainage occurred in first 24 hours after surgery, with subsequent decrease in drainage volume in all the groups. Conclusion: It is safe to remove the surgical drain after 48 hours of major Head and Neck surgery. There were minimum drain related side effects in patients who had their drain removed in 48 hours. There was a positive correlation between intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage in all groups. The drainage fluid after Major Head and Neck surgery is transudative in nature.
Enhancing System Lifecycle Processes by Integrating Functional Safety Information from Practice into Design Requirements

To be able to find answers for challenging research questions about the universe, advanced machinery in major research institutions - e.g. accelerator complexes - is needed. In such expensive research facilities, which generate ionizing radiation, it is necessary to protect people, infrastructure and the environment from harm. To meet functional safety requirements, machinery shall fulfil high safety standards throughout its life. This paper aims to propose a methodology for preserving the functional safety of the equipment already in operation and the maintenance phase of the lifecycle. A methodology is proposed to enable better integration of information from practice into design requirements for modifications, such as upgrades and retrofits. The method is based on existing functional safety standards. The goal is to increase the operational time while preserving performance at the intended level.
Interprétation des données physico-chimiques et biocinétiques pour le calcul de dose : exemple d'un composé industriel UO2 appauvri fabriqué pour le combustible MOX

RESUME La Commission Internationale de Protection Radiologique (CIPR), dans ses nouvelles recommandations, propose l’utilisation de parametres determines experimentalement pour effectuer un calcul de dose efficace par unite d’incorporation (DPUI) specifique pour chaque compose. Le but de cette etude est de definir une methodologie (techniques d’analyse, test in vitro de dissolution et test in vivo sur rats) permettant d’acceder a ces donnees et de presenter les methodes de calcul utilisees, comme le logiciel GIGAFIT pour l’interpretation des donnees de transfert sanguin, et le logiciel LUDEP pour le calcul de dose. Ce travail a permis de determiner pour un compose UO, (uranium appauvri), utilise dans la fabrication du combustible MOX, les principaux parametres physico-chimiques et biologiques qui entrent dans le calcul de dose : le Diametre Aerodynamique Median en Activite ou DAMA de 6,s pm; la Surface Specifique SS = 2,68 m2 gl ; et les fraction et taux de transfert sanguin respectivement fr, entre 2,5 % et 44,4 %, s,, entre 0,09 et 1,7 j.I, et ss, entre 6,4 x 10-4 et 1,s x 10-3 fi. Ces resultats integres dans LUDEP conduisent a une DPUI specifique par inhalation pour ce compose UO, egale a 2,84 x 106 Sv Bq-‘. Interpretation of physico-chemical and biokinetic data for dose calculation: Example of an industrial depleted UO,, used in the MOX fuel manufacture. The implementation of the new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) allows to use experimenial parameters in order to calculate a specific effective Dose Per Unit of Intake (DPUO for each compound. The aim of this study is to define a methodology (including analysis techniques, in vitro dissolution tests and in vivo experiment in rats) leading to the determination of these parameters, and to present different calculation methods such as GIGAFIT software for the interpreiation of blocd translocation data, and LUDEP software for the assessment of effective dose. This study has led, for an industrial uranium oxide compound UO, (depleted uranium), which is used in the MOX fuel manufacture, to the assessment of the main physico-chemical and biological parameters entenng into dose calculation: the average Activity Median Aerodynamic Diameter
Human head neck response in frontal, lateral and rear end impact loading : modelling and validation

The impact of muscle contraction upon head movements induced by a forward acceleration as a model for low impact car-accidents was studied. The purpose of our research is to examine 1. whether and by which mechanism neck muscle contraction is induced after onset of the movement and 2. if voluntary neck muscle contraction prior to the movement affects head motion. Eight healthy volunteers (±21,4 yrs) were included in this study. Volunteers were sitting on a standard car seat mounted on a sled. The computer controlled motor driven sled was forward accelerated with 0,6 g. In test series 1, head and body movement were detected with a standard video camera (20 ms per frame) and accelerometers mounted on the head without interference with muscle activity. Muscle activation was detected by simultaneous measurement of surface EMG of m. splenius capitis, m. trapezius (descending part), m. scalenis medius, m. sterno-cleido mastoideus, m. digastricus (venter anterior), m. mylohyoideus, m. pectoralis major, m. quadriceps, tibialis anterior and triceps surae. The subject’s movements and muscle activity were examined during forward sled acceleration when 1. the subjects were relaxed and could not anticipate on the precise start of sled acceleration and 2. when they contracted all body muscles about 4 seconds prior to and during the sled acceleration and 3. when head and trunk were fixed to the chair. The same subjects were accelerated in test series 2, but now head and trunk movements were measured with a better time resolution by use of a high-speed video camera (500 Hz) and accelerometers mounted to the head (bite board), body and sled. Head and body movements were measured under conditions 1 and 2 as described above. Reproducibility was tested by repeating each test condition once, including repositioning of the subjects, the accelerometers and body fixed sell spot markers. Results and Conclusion. The current experimental set-up allows a low cost evaluation of head and body movements induced by low impact velocity impulses. We observed that sudden whole body acceleration induces head accelerations that exceed the acceleration of the impact by a factor of 2-3. After the impact, the head
PATRÓN DE DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA Y OCCIDENTAL EN POBLACIÓN ADULTA DE UN ÁREA MEDITERRÁNEA; UN ANÁLISIS CLUSTER

Antecedentes/objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido identificar patrones dieteticos a partir de los datos recogidos en la Encuesta de Nutricion y Salud de la Comunidad Valenciana realizada sobre una muestra representativa de poblacion adulta y explorar los posibles factores asociados a los patrones identificados. Metodologia: Un total de 1.803 individuos adultos (973 mujeres) participaron en la encuesta de Nutricion y Salud realizada en 1994 en la Comunidad Valenciana. La dieta fue evaluada mediante cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (CFA) validado de 93 items alimentarios. Las ingestas de alimentos se ajustaron por mil calorias y se crearon 26 grupos de alimentos usando valores estandarizados (z-scores) para la identificacion de patrones dieteticos por el metodo analisis de k-medias prefijando 3 cluster. Se uso regresion logistica multinomial multiple para explorar la asociacion entre patrones y variables sociodemograficas, antropometricas y de estilos de vida. Resultados: Se identificaron tres patrones dieteticos denominados como Prudente, Mediterraneo y Occidental. El patron Prudente (57,2%) se caracterizo por un consumo intermedio de los principales grupos de alimentos; el Mediterraneo (29,1%) destaco por un elevado consumo de frutas, verduras y pescado; y el Occidental (13,7%) por un alto consumo de carnes rojas, embutidos, platos preparados, croquetas, bebidas azucaradas, dulces, chocolates y bebidas alcoholicas. El patron Mediterraneo presento las mayores puntuaciones para varios indices de calidad alimentaria analizados y definidos a priori en la literatura. Usando como referencia el patron Mediterraneo, los que seguian un patron Occidental fueron significativamente mas jovenes, un mayor numero de hombres y fumadores; los que seguian un patron Prudente presentaron un mayor numero de hombres, no practicaban actividad fisica regular y menor consumo de alcohol. Conclusion: De los tres patrones dieteticos identificados como Prudente, Mediterraneo y Occidental en adultos de la Comunidad Valenciana a mediados de los noventa, el patron Prudente fue el mas prevalente, el Mediterraneo el que se asocio a conductas y habitos de vida mas saludables, y el Occidental el menos frecuente aunque fue mas seguido entre jovenes, hombres y fumadores. Se deberian realizar encuestas nutricionales que permitan hacer vigilancia nutricional y analizar la evolucion de estos patrones dieteticos y sus posibles efectos sobre la mortalidad en poblacion espanola.
Organized Aerobic Exercise and Depression in Male County Jail Inmates

Depression in inmates of correctional facilities is well-docu mented. However, the efficacy of any specific, non-pharmacologic intervention for depression in this population was not located in the literature. This study examined the influence of an exercise program on depression in male county jail inmates. Twenty-five subjects from one jail received three hours of organized aerobic exercise weekly for 12 weeks; 20 inmates from another facility constituted the control group. Both groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) twice, with a 12-week interval between tests. Decreased BDI scores for the treatment group suggest that organized aerobic exercise could be an effective primary or adjunct intervention for depression in this population.
Measuring mono-word termhood by rank difference via corpus comparison

Terminology as a set of concept carriers crystallizes our special knowledge about a subject. Automatic term recognition (ATR) plays a critical role in the processing and management of various kinds of information, knowledge and documents, e.g., knowledge acquisition via text mining. Measuring termhood properly is one of the core issues involved in ATR. This article presents a novel approach to termhood measurement for mono-word terms via corpus comparison, which quantifies the termhood of a term candidate as its rank difference in a domain and a background corpus. Our ATR experiments to identify legal terms in Hong Kong (HK) legal texts with the British National Corpus (BNC) as background corpus provide evidence to confirm the validity and effectiveness of this approach. Without any prior knowledge and ad hoc heuristics, it achieves a precision of 97.0% on the top 1000 candidates and a precision of 96.1% on the top 10% candidates that are most highly ranked by the termhood measure, illustrating a state-of-the-art performance on mono-word ATR in the field.
RELIABILITY IN AUTOMATED EVALUATION TOOLS FOR WEB ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

This research addressed the problem that neither the design standards nor the automated evaluation tools meet Web designers’ requirements for ensuring that there are no accessibility barriers in their Web sites [1, 5]. Different tools arrive at different conclusions when assessing the same Web site for errors. Using Krippendorff’s Alpha Reliability Co-efficient (Kr-�) as a measure of inter-reliability, the computerassisted content analysis tested data from 50 Web sites. These findings support the argument that a human computer interaction approach should be pursued rather than relying on these tools exclusively.
Effects of localized warpage and stress on chip‐on‐glass packaging: Induced light‐leakage phenomenon in mid‐sized TFT‐LCD

Abstract— Mura defects become visible in a 13.3‐in. TFT‐LCD using chip‐on‐glass (COG) packaging when the thickness of the glass substrate is decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 mm. Mura, the non‐uniform brightness in LCDs, is caused by COG packaging due to the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and Young's modulus between the glass substrate and the IC‐driver Si chips. In this paper, a 3‐D finite‐element‐analysis (FEA) model, coupled with transient thermal analysis is first established to examine the warpage and stress behavior in the upper‐glass‐plate post‐COG‐package processing for identifying the root causes of the light‐leakage phenomenon. Prior to that, the simulated warpage results are validated by surface‐contour measurement. Data and modeling results show that a low bonding temperature together with a low modulus in novel ACF materials can effectively eliminate Mura. Besides, thinner silicon or a shorter length of Si chips as drivers offers enhanced reduction in the localized warpage, and thus can be a practical and low‐cost solution for eliminating mura defects.
Computer-Supported and Face-to-Face Collaboration on Design Tasks

The issue of how people's discourse is affected by computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) tools and shared workspaces was explored by examining collaboration on shared design tasks. Pairs of 28 less experienced and 28 more experienced engineering design students undertook a computer-assisted design task, either face-to-face (FtF) or remotely. The CSCW medium provided views of interlocutors' faces and upper body plus good quality audio links, in addition to a joint view of the drawing task space. Differences in communication due to expertise and media occurred, including higher rates of interruptions in CSCW dialogues. Analysis of verbal reference and gesture showed that the less experienced students showed more frequent use of gesture to accompany their verbal references and that this difference was particularly marked in the remote condition (in which they used on-screen cursor movements as a deictic gesture). These findings indicate that the affordances of the respective media interacted in subtle ways with the experience levels of the participants, with less experienced participants using gestures to build in extra redundancy to their referential utterances, and particularly so in the remote condition.
The Ethics of Clinical Research

TO THE EDITOR: The recommendation that treatment should be implemented as early as possible (1, 2) to prevent the vascular complications of diabetes seems inconsistent with Maggs and colleagues' study (3), in which they discontinued standard treatment to have patients participate in a placebo-controlled drug trial. This study design has been used widely, apparently with the approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Results of the complete trial were recently published (4). While receiving sulfonylureas, patients had a mean hemoglobin A1c level of 8.4%; in the placebo group, this increased to 10.7% after 6 months. Fasting serum glucose levels increased from 195 mg/dL to 264 mg/dL. Even leaving aside the risk for vascular complications, this elevation in glycemia will predictably cause symptoms that interfere with daily activities. If one agrees with the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association that patients with this degree of hyperglycemia should be treated, how does one justify intentionally causing hyperglycemia by withdrawal of standard medications (5)? By not requiring Maggs and colleagues to comment on the ethical aspects of their study, the editors may inadvertently leave the impression that they feel differently about these issues.
End-of-Life Dreams and Visions: A Longitudinal Study of Hospice Patients' Experiences

Abstract Background: End-of-life dreams and visions (ELDVs) have been well documented throughout history and across cultures. The impact of pre-death experiences on dying individuals and their loved ones can be profoundly meaningful. Objective: Our aim was to quantify the frequency of dreams/visions experienced by patients nearing the end of life, examine the content and subjective significance of the dreams/visions, and explore the relationship of these factors to time/proximity to death. Methods: This mixed-methods study surveyed patients in a hospice inpatient unit using a semi-structured interview. Sixty-six patients admitted to a hospice inpatient unit between January 2011 and July 2012 provided informed consent and participated in the study. The semi-structured interviews contained closed and open-ended questions regarding the content, frequency, and comfort/distress of dreams/visions. Results: Fifty-nine participants comprised the final sample. Most participants reported experiencing at least one d.
Functioning of a Medical Information Unit within a Large Pharmaceutical Organization: A Methodological Approach and Review

The establishment of an effective product information unit in a large pharmaceutical company, such as Lederle Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid Company, involves a collaboration of various human and technical resources needed to efficiently process a high volume of medical information. Special consideration must be given towards developing good avenues of communication, both outside of and within the parent company. Interrelationships must be developed with associated service groups within the organization including literary, word processing, international medical, marketing, legal, and sales/educational services, as well as associated medical research groups involved in Phase I-IV clinical trials. The existence of this communication network is essential prior to developing automated systems to facilitate information flow. Central to our information processing ability resides our drug information database and a word processing base of narrative information stored for the purpose of prompt response to inquiries. Our database, nicknamed ICD for Inquiry-Complaint-Drug Experience Reaction, is a master system consisting of 170 different attributes per record for complex adverse reaction reports, and holding as many as 20,000 separate records of spontaneous drug information requests received each year. This database is frequently utilized by our staff of medical experts, consisting of MDs, PhDs, PharmDs, Pharmacists, and RNs, who provide comprehensive, personal responses to unique inquiries and product complaints. Our Medical Information Assistants also use our ICD database, as well as stored narrative information, and consultations with literature services to aid our staff medical experts in providing thorough, timely, and rapid responses. Thus, in developing an information service for a large pharmaceutical company, we feel it is essential to centralize information storage and retrieval systems and to utilize multiple internal as well as associated medical experts in order to provide the quality medical responses anticipated from our professional “customers. ”
Individualization of treatment in non-small cell lung cancer

Two recently reported randomized studies discussed below are paving the way for personalized treatment approaches for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both studies show that accurate subclassification of NSCLC will become necessary to prescribe chemotherapy doublets and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is expected that the practice of the last 30 years of lumping all NSCLC subtypes together will soon come to an end.