Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep EEG changes after zolpidem in mice

Zolpidem is a widely used hypnotic that binds preferentially to &agr;1GABAA receptors. We determined the role of these receptors in the effects of zolpidem on sleep in mutant mice carrying zolpidem-insensitive &agr;1GABAA receptors and wild-type controls. Sleep was promoted by zolpidem in both genotypes. In wild-type mice non-REM sleep EEG power was markedly reduced in a broad frequency band >5 or 9 Hz after 5 and 10 mg/kg zolpidem, respectively. In mutants a power reduction appeared at the highest dose only, and was restricted to some low frequencies and the 9–10 Hz bin. We conclude that the effects of zolpidem on the sleep EEG in mice are distinct from the changes typically induced by benzodiazepines, and are primarily mediated by &agr;1GABAA receptors.
Neural (N‐) cadherin, a synaptic adhesion molecule, is induced in hippocampal mossy fiber axonal sprouts by seizure

Aberrant mossy fiber sprouting and synaptic reorganization are plastic responses in human temporal lobe epilepsy, and in pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy in rodents. Although the morphological features of the hippocampal epileptic reaction have been well documented, the molecular mechanisms underlying these structural changes are not understood. The classic cadherins, calcium‐dependent cell adhesion molecules, are known to function in development in neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and stabilization. In pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus, the expression of N‐cadherin mRNA was sharply upregulated and reached a maximum level (1‐ to 2.5‐fold) at 1– to 4 weeks postseizure in the granule cell layer and the pyramidal cell layer of CA3. N‐cadherin protein was correspondingly increased and became concentrated in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, consistent with the position of mossy fiber axonal sprouts. Moreover, N‐cadherin labeling was punctate; colocalized with definitive synaptic markers, and partially localized on polysialated forms of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM)‐positive dendrites of granule cells in the inner molecular layer. Our findings show that N‐cadherin is likely to be a key factor in responsive synaptogenesis following status epilepticus, where it functions as a mediator of de novo synapse formation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishing Indicators for Biodiversity

In their Policy Forum “The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 target” (14 Jan., p. 212), A. Balmford et al. argue that “conservation scientists have a lot to learn… from economists” in regard to the establishment of indicators that are “rigorous, repeatable, widely accepted, and
Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Proteins from an A(H3N8) Influenza Virus Isolated from New England Harbor Seals

ABSTRACT In late 2011, an A(H3N8) influenza virus infection resulted in the deaths of 162 New England harbor seals. Virus sequence analysis and virus receptor binding studies highlighted potential markers responsible for mammalian adaptation and a mixed receptor binding preference (S. J. Anthony, J. A. St Leger, K. Pugliares, H. S. Ip, J. M. Chan, Z. W. Carpenter, I. Navarrete-Macias, M. Sanchez-Leon, J. T. Saliki, J. Pedersen, W. Karesh, P. Daszak, R. Rabadan, T. Rowles, W. I. Lipkin, MBio 3:e00166-00112, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00166-12). Here, we present a detailed structural and biochemical analysis of the surface antigens of the virus. Results obtained with recombinant proteins for both the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase indicate a true avian receptor binding preference. Although the detection of this virus in new species highlights an increased potential for cross-species transmission, our results indicate that the A(H3N8) virus currently poses a low risk to humans. IMPORTANCE Cross-species transmission of zoonotic influenza viruses increases public health concerns. Here, we report a molecular and structural study of the major surface proteins from an A(H3N8) influenza virus isolated from New England harbor seals. The results improve our understanding of these viruses as they evolve and provide important information to aid ongoing risk assessment analyses as these zoonotic influenza viruses continue to circulate and adapt to new hosts.
Bartholin's gland cysts: management with carbon-dioxide laser vaporization.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness, recurrence rate, and complications of carbon-dioxide laser vaporization in the treatment of Bartholin's gland cysts. METHODS A retrospective study including 127 patients with symptomatic Bartholin' gland cysts submitted to carbon-dioxide laser vaporization at our institution from January 2005 to June 2011. Patients with Bartholin's gland abscesses and those suspected of having neoplasia were excluded. All procedures were performed in an outpatient setting under local anaesthesia. Clinical records were reviewed for demographic characteristics, anatomic parameters, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and follow-up data. Data were stored and analyzed in Microsoft Excel® 2007 software. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and its results were expressed as frequency (percentage) or mean±standard deviation. Complication, recurrence, and cure rates were calculated. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 37.3±9.5 years-old (range from 18 to 61 years-old). Seventy percent (n=85) of them were multiparous. The most common symptom was pain and 47.2% (n=60) of patients had a history of previous medical and/or surgical treatment for Bartholin's gland abscesses. Mean cyst size was 2.7±0.9 cm. There were three (2.4%) cases of minor intraoperative bleeding. Overall, there were 17 (13.4%) recurrences within a mean of 14.6 months (range from 1 to 56 months): ten Bartholin's gland abscesses and seven recurrent cysts requiring reintervention. The cure rate after single laser treatment was 86.6%. Among the five patients with recurrent disease that had a second laser procedure, the cure rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS At this institution, carbon-dioxide laser vaporization seems to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of Bartholin's gland cysts.
MAX k‐CUT and approximating the chromatic number of random graphs

We consider the MAX k‐CUT problem on random graphs Gn,p. First, we bound the probable weight of a MAX k‐CUT using probabilistic counting arguments and by analyzing a simple greedy heuristic. Then, we give an algorithm that approximates MAX k‐CUT in expected polynomial time, with approximation ratio 1 + O((np)‐1/2). Our main technical tool is a new bound on the probable value of Frieze and Jerrum's semidefinite programming (SDP)‐relaxation of MAX k‐CUT on random graphs. To obtain this bound, we show that the value of the SDP is tightly concentrated. As a further application of our bound on the probable value of the SDP, we obtain an algorithm for approximating the chromatic number of Gn,p, 1/n ≤ p ≤ 0.99, within a factor of O((np)1/2) in polynomial expected time, thereby answering a question of Krivelevich and Vu. We give similar algorithms for random regular graphs. The techniques for studying the SDP apply to a variety of SDP relaxations of further NP‐hard problems on random structures and may therefore be of independent interest. For instance, to bound the SDP we estimate the eigenvalues of random graphs with given degree sequences. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2006
Genome-wide identification of the potato WRKY transcription factor family

WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in regulation of stress responses. This study identified 79 WRKY genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationships, WRKY genes were classified into three major groups. The majority of WRKY genes belonged to Group II (52 StWRKYs), Group III had 14 and Group I consisted of 13. The phylogenetic tree further classified Group II into five sub-groups. All StWRKY genes except StWRKY79 were mapped on potato chromosomes, with eight tandem duplication gene pairs and seven segmental duplication gene pairs found from StWRKY family genes. The expression analysis of 22 StWRKYs showed their differential expression levels under various stress conditions. Cis-element prediction showed that a large number of elements related to drought, heat and salicylic acid were present in the promotor regions of StWRKY genes. The expression analysis indicated that seven StWRKYs seemed to respond to stress (heat, drought and salinity) and salicylic acid treatment. These genes are candidates for abiotic stress signaling for further research.
Allergic reactions to drugs and biological agents.

ADVERSE reactions to drugs are common clinical problems and a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The true prevalence is difficult to determine, but estimates of drugrelated complications have ranged from 6% to 15% of hospitalized patients. A variety of mechanisms, presumably unrelated to hypersensitivity, account for the majority of these reactions (Table 6-1). Actual allergic or immunologic drug reactions likely account for 25% or less of the overall number of adverse drug reactions (Table 6-2). A minority of adverse drug reactions, perhaps 6% to 10%, are secondary to or closely associated with immunologic mechanisms (Table 6-2). The classification (as listed in Tables6-1 and 6-2) is arbitrary. Many of the mediators of hypersensitivity are involved in the host's response to toxic injury. It is often difficult to tell if a condition represents a primary hypersensitivity reaction or a response to another form of organ damage. An understanding of the
Pohybová aktivita dospělé populace České republiky: přehled základních ukazatelů za období 2005-2009

VÝCHODISKA: Středoevropske staty patřici do bývaleho "komunistickeho bloku" vykazuji specifika (casto i anomalie), ktere nelze ve výzkumu a v preventivnich opatřenich opomenout. Při řeseni zdravotni problematiky je žadouci sledovat vývojove zakonitosti z ekonomicky vyspělých zemi a vyvarovat se snadno předvidatelných negativnich jevů ve vývoji zdravi obyvatel. K tomu je třeba specifikovat vztahy mezi pohlavim, věkem, profesnim zařazenim, vzdělanim apod. a životnim stylem v různých podminkach a prostředich. Zaroveň je třeba uchovavat specifika, ktera jsou v souladu s aktivnim životnim stylem a podporuji např. udrženi vysoke chodeckosti obyvatel. CILE: Cilem studie bylo analyzovat pohybovou aktivitu obyvatel Ceske republiky s ohledem na velikost mista bydlistě a poukazat na regionalni rozdily v pohybove aktivitě (PA) mužů a žen. METODIKA: Pro zjistěni týdenni urovně PA byla použita data nahodně vybraneho souboru 8256 obyvatel ceske republiky (3678 mužů a 4578 žen). Vsichni respondenti byli osobně osloveni vyskolenými distributory výzkumných setřeni z řad vysokoskolských studentů k ucasti na výzkumnem setřeni pomoci ceske administrativni verze dotazniku IPAQ (i jako soucast ANEWS). Výzkumný sběr dat byl realizovan pravidelně v jarnim (březen- květen) a podzimnim (zaři-listopad) obdobi v letech 2005 až 2009. Kraj hlavni město Praha nebyl do regionalnich analýz zahrnut. VÝSLEDKY: Regionalni porovnani celkove týdenni velikosti PA ukazuje minimalni rozdily v ramci Ceske republiky [H(15, 8256) = 103,55; p < 0,001; η2 = 0,01]. Nejnižsi hodnoty týdenni PA vykazuji shodně muži i ženy Usteckeho a Moravskoslezskeho kraje, Praha.
Cysteine cathepsins in human cancer

Abstract Proteases play causal roles in the malignant progression of human tumors. This review centers on the roles in this process of cysteine cathepsins, i.e., peptidases belonging to the papain family (C1) of the CA clan of cysteine proteases. Cysteine cathepsins, most likely along with matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and serine proteases, degrade the extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating growth and invasion into surrounding tissue and vasculature. Studies on tumor tissues and cell lines have shown changes in expression, activity and distribution of cysteine cathepsins in numerous human cancers. Molecular, immunologic and pharmacological strategies to modulate expression and activity of cysteine cathepsins have provided evidence for a causal role for these enzymes in tumor progression and invasion. Clinically, the levels, activities and localization of cysteine cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors have been shown to be of diagnostic and prognostic value. Understanding the roles that cysteine proteases play in cancer could lead to the development of more efficacious therapies.
Long-term Outcome of Replantation of Proximal-third Amputated Arm: A Worthwhile Endeavor

We report a successful replantation of a proximal-third avulsed left arm in a 26-year-old female with maintenance of good functional, clinical, Short Form 36, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcomes results at 10 years. An organized approach combining staged surgical reconstruction and intense hand therapy allowed for both successful replantation and outcome. There exist no clear guidelines in making the decision between replantation and revision amputation. Controversy regarding the value of upper limb replantation seems to increase with ascending levels of amputation. A case report cannot provide guidelines, but several points can be made that may be of help to hand surgeons confronting this uncommon situation. In a highly motivated patient with realistic expectation, a preoperatively intact functioning shoulder should be considered an indication for attempt at replantation. With further staged reconstruction, a helper arm can still be achieved even in an avulsion-type amputation. Current operative and perioperative aspects of microsurgical replantation and subsequent reconstruction are discussed.
Resonance-assisted tunneling in mixed regular-chaotic systems

We present a comprehensive theory of resonance-assisted tunneling in quantum systems that exhibit a mixed regular-chaotic classical phase space structure. After general considerations, we specifically focus on quantum systems with one degree of freedom that are subject to a periodic sequence of kicks or to a periodic driving. Tunneling takes place between energetically degenerate quasimodes that are localized on symmetric regular islands within the stroboscopic Poincare surface of section. In contrast to previous theoretical descriptions of resonance-assisted tunneling, we derive a more precise expression for the effective coupling matrix elements that induce the resonance-assisted tunneling process, and we take into account the influence of partial barriers within the chaotic part of the phase space. Comparison with numerically computed level splittings of eigenphases within the quantum kicked rotor shows very good agreement.
DNA and protein binding of hepatotoxic metabolites of some parabens

Parabens are alkyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid and typically include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben and benzylparaben. Parabens are widely used as preservatives in many foods, cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals due to their relatively low toxicity profile and to a long history of safe use. Parabens are generally considered as safe preservatives, since they are rapidly absorbed and metabolized into p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is less toxic than the parent compounds, and is therefore consumed in large quantities in a daily basis. Because of their widespread use, the potential toxicity of parabens has been studied both in vivo and in vitro to assess a variety of toxicological aspects. The aim of this work was to predict the DNA and protein binding of hepatotoxic metabolites for some parabens by a specialized software.
‘If I speak English, does it make me less black anyway?’‘Race’ and English in South African desegregated schools

This article focuses on the role language plays in constructing youth identities that are in flux in desegregated suburban schools in South Africa. Interview and participant observation data were collected in three racially mixed schools in Johannesburg. My analysis of the data is set against a discussion of the problematic concept of race and of the historical classification of South African English according to ‘race’ as well as the position of English in South Africa at present. The article presents an analysis of the ways in which learners recognize and characterize the different kinds of English used around them, attaching prestige to varieties perceived as white. The tension between learners' valuing of what is perceived as white English and their labelling of black learners who ‘speak like a white person’ or who no longer speak African languages (either through lack of proficiency or choice) as ‘coconuts’ is explored. The article attempts to open up a debate on race and language use among youth in South Africa, and on race and varieties of English in particular.
Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

PURPOSE Combined chemoradiotherapy with and without surgery are widely accepted alternatives for the curative treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. The value of adding surgery to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus were randomly allocated to either induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (40 Gy) followed by surgery (arm A), or the same induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (at least 65 Gy) without surgery (arm B). Primary outcome was overall survival time. RESULTS The median observation time was 6 years. The analysis of 172 eligible, randomized patients (86 patients per arm) showed overall survival to be equivalent between the two treatment groups (log-rank test for equivalence, P < .05). Local progression-free survival was better in the surgery group (2-year progression-free survival, 64.3%; 95% CI, 52.1% to 76.5%) than in the chemoradiotherapy group (2-year progression-free survival, 40.7%; 95% CI, 28.9% to 52.5%; hazard ratio [HR] for arm B v arm A, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.5; P = .003). Treatment-related mortality was significantly increased in the surgery group than in the chemoradiotherapy group (12.8% v 3.5%, respectively; P = .03). Cox regression analysis revealed clinical tumor response to induction chemotherapy to be the single independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.47; P < .0001). CONCLUSION Adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy improves local tumor control but does not increase survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal SCC. Tumor response to induction chemotherapy identifies a favorable prognostic group within these high-risk patients, regardless of the treatment group.
Chilling-sensitive, post-transcriptional regulation of a plant fatty acid desaturase expressed in yeast.

Plants respond to chilling exposure by increasing the relative proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their lipids. However, unlike the response in many other organisms, plant fatty acid desaturase genes are typically not upregulated during this process. We expressed the Brassica napus FAD3 gene, which encodes an enzyme for synthesis of linolenic acid, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and observed a temperature-dependent increase in linolenic acid production at cooler growth temperatures. Untransformed yeast cells, however, responded to cooler temperatures primarily by shortening fatty acid chains, even when polyunsaturated fatty acids were supplied in the growth media. Measurement of the steady-state levels of Fad3 protein in transformed yeast revealed an 8.5-fold increase in steady-state amount of desaturase enzyme when cells were cultivated at cooler temperatures. The increase was not due to changes in transcriptional activity, since Northern hybridization revealed no appreciable changes in abundance of FAD3 transcripts at cooler temperatures. Taken together, the results suggest that the increase in linolenic acid content in cells containing Fad3 was not due to enhanced physiological demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids by yeast, but rather a cold-inducible, post-transcriptional increase in steady-state amount of plant desaturase enzyme. Implications for plant adaptation to chilling are discussed.
Clinical factors associated with accuracy of EUS‐FNA for pancreatic or peripancreatic solid mass without on‐site cytopathologists

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is a safe and effective technique for tissue diagnosis in patients with pancreatic or peripancreatic solid masses. However, the procedure is difficult to accomplish without an on‐site cytopathologist. The aims of this study were to examine the outcomes of EUS‐FNA for pancreatic or peripancreatic solid masses without an on‐site cytopathologist and to determine the factors associated with diagnostic accuracy.
Testing Semantics for RPTA

The language RTPA, Real Time Process Algebra, has been created to enable rigorous treatment of knowledge representation and manipulation in terms of to be I to have / to do in a formal and coherent framework. This language has been designed to cope with the three dimensions involved in the problem of software specification: (i) mathematical operations, (ii) event/process timing, and (iii) memory manipulation. In this paper we focus on giving a testing semantics to the second dimension: Process timing dimension. First, we will provide a SOS like operational semantics for the process relations of RTPA. Next, we will define what a test is and we will introduce a relation based on which tests are passed by processes. Finally, we will obtain an operational characterization that can be used as a first step to define a denotational sematics sound and complete with respect the testing semantics.
The prevalence of pediculus capitis among the middle schoolchildren in Fars Province, southern Iran.

UNLABELLED Background : Pediculosis capitis is a common parasitic infection of children. In this study we assessed the prevalence of head pediculosis among the middle schoolchildren in the urban and rural areas of Fars province, southern Iran. METHODS All middle schoolchildren ages 11-14, in all the urban and rural areas of the province were screened for head lice infestation by examining their hair and scalp. The parents of the infested children were also examined. The study was repeated in the different seasons in the same areas. Moreover, the infested children were treated with permethrin shampoo and re-examined one week later for any relapse. RESULTS The general prevalence of head lice infestation in middle school students was 0.23% in autumn, 0.27% in winter and 0.11% in spring. In all three seasons, pediculosis capitis prevalence was higher among females and in the rural areas. Treatment with permethrin shampoo was markedly more successful in males from both regions in all months except the urban areas in spring. CONCLUSION The results show that pediculus capitis is generally uncommon among Fars Province middle schoolchildren. It is needed that health providers promote heath education programs especially in the rural areas.