Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Instant Messaging in China

Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) has become one of the most popular communication applications for many users in China. Previous studies mainly focus on Instant Messaging (IM) usage for the Internet users, and do not investigate MIM usage for the mobile phone users. This study proposes a model to analyze the attitudinal, social and perceived behavior control factors that are associated with the adoption of MIM usage in China based on the decomposed theory of planned behavior. An online questionnaire was used to gather data and a total of 311 valid questionnaires were returned. A structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to test the research hypothesis. The results show that perceived presence awareness has the greatest positive impact on the attitude of the users in China towards MIM. In addition, relative advantage, social relationship influences and self-efficacy all had significant effect except perceive easy of use and facilitating conditions.
A REVISED DIAGNOSIS OF THYLACICLEIDUS (MONOGENEA: DACTYLOGYRIDAE) WITH A REDESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIES, THYLACICLEIDUS SERENDIPITUS, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHEAST ASIAN PUFFERFISHES (TETRAODONTIFORMES: TETRAODONTIDAE)

Two new and 1 previously described species of Thylacicleidus Wheeler and Klassen, 1988, are reported from 2 species of brackish to freshwater puffers (Tetraodontidae) from Thailand. The generic diagnosis of Thylacicleidus is emended to incorporate the following characters: presence of a dextral muscular vagina, a vas deferens looping the left intestinal cecum, 2 prostatic reservoirs, a sclerotized tubular copulum without an accessory piece, and dorsal anchors with reduced outer root. The type species, Thylacicleidus serendipitus, is redescribed based on new information obtained from specimens found on the gills of the type host, Tetraodon nigroviridis Marion de Procé, 1822 (spotted green puffer). Two new species, Thylacicleidus latus n. sp. and Thylacicleidus brunensis n. sp. , are described from the gills of T. nigroviridis and Tetraodon biocellatus Tirant, 1885 (eyespot puffer), respectively. The occurrence of common generic characters in species of Thylacicleidus and Haliotrema Johnston and Tiegs, 1922, another dactylogyrid genus recorded from tetraodontiform hosts, signifies the close relationship between the 2 genera and raises the question of synonymy. Nevertheless, because of morphological variability within Haliotrema spp. , extremely wide host spectrum and the probable polyphyly of the genus, it is suggested that Thylacicleidus is a valid genus.
Association of polymorphisms -1154G/A and -2578C/A in the vascular endothelial growth factor gene with decreased risk of endometriosis in Chinese women.

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the development of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the VEGF gene with the susceptibility to endometriosis. METHODS This study comprised 344 North Chinese women with endometriosis and 360 healthy women without endometriosis recruited as control. Genotyping of the VEGF gene polymorphisms at -460C/T, -1154G/A, -2578C/A and +936C/T were performed by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS No significant difference was found in allele and genotype distributions of the -460C/T, +936C/T polymorphisms between patients and controls. However, the frequencies of -1154G/A, -2578C/A genotype and allele were significantly different between the two groups (all P-value <0.013). The -2578A/A, -1154A/A genotypes were found less frequently in patients with endometriosis compared with controls. The haplotype distributions derived from three polymorphisms (-2578C/A, -1154G/A, -460C/T) differed between the two groups (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The VEGF-460/-1154/-2578 TGC, CAA, TAA and TAC haplotypes were associated with endometriosis. The -1154A and -2578A alleles may be protective against the development of endometriosis in North Chinese women.
Localisation of the protein and glycoprotein components of bovine nasal epithelial desmosomes by immunoelectron microscopy.

Desmosomal proteins (dp1‐4) and glycoproteins (dg1‐3) have been localised within desmosomes of bovine nasal epithelium by immunogold labelling of ultrathin frozen sections. Beginning in the extracellular space and proceeding through the plaque to the tonofilaments, the following localisations were found. Labelling for the 130,000 and 115,000 Mr glycoproteins (dg2 and dg3) was predominantly in the extracellular space, a location consistent with their proposed adhesive function. The glycoproteins of 175,000‐164,000 Mr (dg1) were also found in the extracellular space and in addition had cytoplasmic domains extending throughout the cytoplasmic plaque. The 83,000 Mr protein (dp3) was located along the cytoplasmic face of the membrane and extended into the plaque, whereas an antibody which recognises both the 83,000 Mr protein (dp3) and the 75,000 Mr protein (dp4) gave labelling both in and beyond the plaque. Labelling for the high mol. wt proteins of Mr 250,000 and 215,000 (dp1 and dp2) was largely excluded from the plaque, and was located distally, adjacent to the tonofilaments. Hemidesmosomes could not be labelled with antibodies to dg1‐3 or dp3 and 4, but some labelling was obtained with antibody to dp1 and 2.
Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and gimeracil after oral administration of S-1

The effect of gastrectomy on pharmacokinetics after S-1 administration was investigated in a total of 12 cases – nine in which partial gastrectomy was performed and three in which total gastrectomy was performed. A single oral dose of S-1, 50 mg as tegafur, was administered, serial peripheral blood samples were collected, and the concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gimeracil (CDHP) were measured. The pre-operative S-1 dose was administered about 7 days before surgery and the post-operative dose was administered around post-operative hospital day 14. In the partial gastrectomy cases the maximum post-operative blood concentration (Cmax) of 5-FU and CDHP tended to be lower than before surgery, and the difference in 5-FU concentrations was significant. The area under the blood concentration–time curve (AUC0–8 h) for CDHP was significantly smaller post- than pre-operatively, but no significant difference was observed with regard to 5-FU. In the total gastrectomy cases the post-operative tmax of both 5-FU and CDHP was shorter than the pre-operative tmax, and no significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-operative AUC0–8 h values. Thus, the results of the present study showed that around post-operative hospital day 14, when total oral feeding had become possible after surgery for gastric cancer, the AUC0–8 h values of 5-FU and CDHP after S-1 administration were almost the same as before surgery and that gastrectomy had hardly any effect on the pharmacokinetics of S-1.
Biliary Adenocarcinoma in a Stranded Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris)

A stranded adult female northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) was admitted to a rehabilitation hospital grossly underweight and lethargic in April 2001. The animal was icteric, had severe bilirubinemia, and elevated serum gamma glutamyl transferase concentrations. Laparoscopy under anesthesia revealed multiple masses up to 3 cm diameter throughout the liver and spleen and the animal was euthanized. Abnormal gross postmortem findings included green serous fluid in the abdominal cavity and 0.5 to 3 cm diameter yellow nodules scattered throughout the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Histopathology revealed a biliary adenocarcinoma with metastases to the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, and pancreas. This is believed to be the first reported case of neoplasia in a northern elephant seal
Compensatory nitrogen retention in growing pigs following a period of N deprivation

1. Semi-synthetic diets, with dried microbial cells (Pruteen) as the nitrogen source, were used to measure N retention in 50 kg pigs given different combinations of N intake involving periods of deprivation and enhanced supply. 2. Metabolic faecal N losses were 1.92 g/d (1.26 g/kg dry matter eaten) and endogenous urinary losses were 3.96 g/d for pigs given an N intake of 6.9 g/d. 3. Compensatory N retention averaging 4.2 g extra N/d was observed in pigs given enhanced N supply by diets providing 31.0, 60.4 and 93.4 g N/d. In some instances enhanced N retention was maintained for 22 d. 4. Pigs given enhanced N supply by extravagant N intake did not maintain the compensatory response which had been evident initially.
Zonisamide Combined with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Binge Eating Disorder: A One-year Follow-up Study.

UNLABELLED Objective. Binge eating disorder is a serious, prevalent eating disorder that is associated with overweight. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic drug that can promote weight loss. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of zonisamide as augmentation to individual cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of binge eating disorder patients. DESIGN controlled open study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty four threshold and subthreshold binge eating disorder patients were enrolled in the cognitive behavioral therapy treatment group, and 28 patients in the cognitive behavioral therapy plus zonisamide group. MEASUREMENTS At the beginning (T0), at the end (T1) of treatment, and one year after the end of treatment (T2), body mass index was measured and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Binge Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered.Results. At T1 the cognitive behavioral therapy plus zonisamide group showed a higher mean reduction of body mass index, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Binge Eating Scale scores. At T2, the cognitive behavior therapy group regained weight, while the cognitive behavioral therapy plus zonisamide group reduced their body mass and showed a higher reduction in binge eating frequency and Binge Eating Scale, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire Restraint, and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory scores.Conclusion. The zonisamide augmentation to individual cognitive behavior therapy can improve the treatment of binge eating disorder patients, reducing body weight and the number of binge eating episodes. These results are maintained one year after the end of treatment.
Oral hygiene, gingivitis and periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians.

This study describes the cross-sectional findings on dental plaque, calculus, gingivitis, loss of attachment, periodontal pockets and tooth loss in a population of adult Tanzanians aged 30–30 years. In all age groups more than 90% of all tooth surfaces exhibited plaque and 50–50% exhibited calculus deposits. Both plaque and calculus deposits were more extensive in the older age groups whereas gingival bleeding affected 30–30% of the surfaces in all age groups. Less than 35% of all surfaces exhibited a loss of attachment ≥4 mm and less than 10% had a loss of attachment exceeding 6 mm. Loss of attachment was accompanied by recession of the marginal gingiva and pockets deeper than 3 mm were present on less than 10% of all surfaces. The mean number of teeth present ranged from 23.9 in the oldest to 29.5 in the youngest age group. An interesting finding was that relatively few individuals accounted for most of the loss of attachment and periodontal pockets found in the study. Therefore, in future epidemiologic studies more emphasis should be put on the identification of these particularly susceptible subpopulations.
ASSOCIATION OF ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE FOR NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EVENTS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF LIFE EVENTS WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY

Abstract This study examined the relationship of attributional styles for negative and positive events with depression and anxiety. A sample of 239 college students underwent structured diagnostic interviews and completed self–report measures of attributional style and major life events at two time points separated by approximately four weeks. Using cross–sectional methodology, attributional styles for negative and positive events were compared across current diagnoses of unipolar depression and/or anxiety. A current mood disorder, when comorbid with an anxiety disorder, was associated with a tendency to see negative events as arising from internal, stable, and global causes. A depression diagnosis was distinguished from no depression diagnosis by the tendency to assign external, unstable, and specific causes for positive events. Using a prospective design, Time 1 attributional styles for negative and positive events were assessed as moderators of the relationships between negative and positive life event.
Physician-assisted death--a last resort?

During the past decade, patients with the uncommon disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have had a prominent role in the debate about physician-assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. In Canada and Great Britain, patients with ALS have challenged legal bans on physician-assisted death. A widely viewed videotape of a patient in the Netherlands choosing euthanasia generated considerable controversy. In the United States, millions watched Jack Kevorkian euthanize Thomas Youk, a patient with ALS, on the CBS news program 60 Minutes. As compared with patients with other terminal illnesses, those with ALS are more likely to request physician-assisted death. Veldink .
A Characterization and Targeting of the Infarct Border Zone in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Novel therapies for myocardial infarction (MI) involving stem cells, gene therapy, biomaterials, or revascularization strategies have shown promise in animal studies and clinical trials, but results have been limited partially due to the injection of therapeutics into ischemic myocardium that cannot support their mechanism of action. Accurate targeting of therapeutics precisely to the infarct border zone (BZ) may be essential for effective repair of the ischemic heart.
Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil

Soybeans represent a recent and powerful threat to tropical biodiversity in Brazil. Developing effective strategies to contain and minimize the environmental impact of soybean cultivation requires understanding of both the forces that drive the soybean advance and the many ways that soybeans and their associated infrastructure catalyse destructive processes. The present paper presents an up-to-date review of the advance of soybeans in Brazil, its environmental and social costs and implications for development policy. Soybeans are driven by global market forces, making them different from many of the land-use changes that have dominated the scene in Brazil so far, particularly in Amazonia. Soybeans are much more damaging than other crops because they justify massive transportation infrastructure projects that unleash a chain of events leading to destruction of natural habitats over wide areas in addition to what is directly cultivated for soybeans. The capacity of global markets to absorb additional production represents the most likely limit to the spread of soybeans, although Brazil may someday come to see the need for discouraging rather than subsidizing this crop because many of its effects are unfavourable to national interests, including severe concentration of land tenure and income, expulsion of population to Amazonian frontier, and gold-mining, as well as urban areas, and the opportunity cost of substantial drains on government resources. The multiple impacts of soybean expansion on biodiversity and other development considerations have several implications for policy: (1) protected areas need to be created in advance of soybean frontiers, (2) elimination of the many subsidies that speed soybean expansion beyond what would occur otherwise from market forces is to be encouraged, (3) studies to assess the costs of social and environmental impacts associated with soybean expansion are urgently required, and (4) the environmental-impact regulatory system requires strengthening, including mechanisms for commitments not to implant specific infrastructure projects that are judged to have excessive impacts.
Evidence That the Mammalian Nephron Functions as a Countercurrent Multiplier System

Fluid collected by micropuncture from the bend of the loop of Henle in the concentrating hamster kidney had the same osmotic pressure as fluid from a collecting duct at the same level, while that from the distal convolution was more dilute. This indicates that the tubular fluid is first concentrated, then diluted, before its final concentration.
Significance of thyroid tissue in lymph nodes associated with carcinoma of the head, neck or lung

Thyroid carcinoma was found unexpectedly in the thyroid gland or lymph nodes, at autopsy or in the surgical material removed from 22 patients with carcinoma of the head or neck region, or of the lung. Of 120 patients who had wide‐field laryngectomy for squamous carcinoma of the head or neck, 6 (5%) had carcinoma in the portion of the thyroid gland removed at laryngectomy. Twenty of the 22 patients had mixed papillary and follicular or pure follicular thyroid carcinoma in the thyroid gland or lymph nodes and 2 had the solid type with amyloid stroma. Carcinoma was demonstrated in the thyroid glands of 15 of the 22 patients. Only a portion of the gland or none at all was removed from the other 7 patients and no primary carcinoma was demonstrated. Carcinoma was discovered, however, in every case in which the whole thyroid gland was available for study. Histologically, the metastases of mixed papillary and follicular carcinoma varied from predominantly papillary to predominantly follicular. The smaller the metastases, the more prominent were the follicles and the more normal was their appearance. From our observations, we believe that any thyroid tissue found in a lymph node represents metastatic thyroid cancer.
In-Hospital Resource Utilization During Multiple Casualty Incidents

Objective:To suggest guidelines for hospital organization during terror-related multiple casualty incidents (MCIs) based on the experience of 6 level I trauma centers. Summary Background Data:Most terror-related MCIs are bombings. The sporadic nature of these events complicates in-hospital preparation. Methods:Data were collected at all level I Trauma centers during/after MCIs for the Israel National Trauma registry. Patients were included if they were admitted or died in hospital following injury in suicide bombings (October 1, 2000 to June 30, 2003), which fulfilled Ministry of Health suggested criteria for MCIs (number of admissions, severity of injury). Results:Included were 325 casualties from 32 events, 34% of which had an Injury Severity Score >16. A third of the admissions arrived within 10 minutes and 65% within 30 minutes. Forty percent of the patients underwent CT scans directly from the ED. Operative procedures were performed on 60% of patients and 36% were transferred directly from the ED to the OR. Initiation of surgical procedures peaked at 1 to 1.5 hours, mainly multidisciplinary abdominal, thoracic, and vascular surgery. Orthopedic and plastic surgery predominated later. A third of the patients were admitted to ICUs, often (31%) directly from the ED. Conclusions:High staffing demands for ED, OR, and ICU overlap. Anesthesiologists, general, thoracic, and vascular surgeons are in immediate demand. ICU admissions occur simultaneously with ongoing patient arrival to the ED. Most patients operated within the first 2 hours require multidisciplinary surgical teams. Demand for orthopedic and plastic surgery and anesthesiology services continues for >24 hours.
Discovery and development of orexin receptor antagonists as therapeutics for insomnia

Insomnia persistently affects the quality and quantity of sleep. Currently approved treatments for insomnia primarily target γ‐aminobutyric acid‐A (GABA‐A) receptor signalling and include benzodiazepines and GABA‐A receptor modulators. These drugs are used to address this sleep disorder, but have the potential for side effects such as tolerance and dependence, making them less attractive as maintenance therapy. Forward and reverse genetic approaches in animals have implicated orexin signalling (also referred to as hypocretin signalling) in the control of vigilance and sleep/wake states. Screening for orexin receptor antagonists using in vitro and in vivo methods in animals has identified compounds that block one or other of the orexin receptors (single or dual orexin receptor antagonists [SORAs and DORAs], respectively) in animals and humans. SORAs have primarily been used as probes to further elucidate the roles of the individual orexin receptors, while a number of DORAs have progressed to clinical development as pharmaceutical candidates for insomnia. The DORA almorexant demonstrated significant improvements in a number of clinically relevant sleep parameters in animal models and in patients with insomnia but its development was halted. SB‐649868 and suvorexant have demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in Phase II and III trials respectively. Furthermore, suvorexant is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insomnia. Based on the publication of recent non‐clinical and clinical data, orexin receptor antagonists potentially represent a targeted, effective and well‐tolerated new class of medications for insomnia.