Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between breadth of memory HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells, viral load and disease progression in HIV infection

Background: Memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) should play a key role in controlling HIV infection. The correlations between the breadth and specificities of memory CTL and virus production and disease progression are still unknown, but are of major importance for vaccine strategies. Methods and design: One-hundred and forty-eight chronically-infected patients, enrolled before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, were followed-up prospectively over 5 years. Memory CTL were tested in vitro against autologous target cells expressing Env, Gag, Pol, Nef, Vif, Rev or Tat HIV-LAI sequences. Results: At entry, an HIV-specific CTL response was detected against at least one viral protein in 77% cases, with Pol and Gag recognized in 57% each, Env and Nef in 36% and 30%, Vif, Rev and Tat in 14%, 10% and 5% of cases respectively. The same pattern was observed over time with some individual variations in responder status. Multivariate analysis of longitudinal data showed that the average number of recognized proteins of two at entry significantly decreased over time with the average loss of one protein per 7 years. The number of recognized proteins was negatively associated with viral load (P < 0.05), and with occurrence of opportunistic infection (P < 0.01), and significantly correlated with CD8 cell counts (P < 0.05) but not with CD4 cell counts. Conclusion: The breadth of HIV antigens recognized by memory CTL is a major correlate of immune control of HIV-replication and disease progression.
Localization of Canine, Feline, and Mouse Renal Membrane Proteins

Immunohistochemistry allows the localization of proteins to specific regions of the nephron. This article reports the identification and localization of proteins in situ within normal canine, feline, and mouse kidney by immunohistochemistry; maps their distribution; and compares results to previously reported findings in other species. The proteins investigated are aquaporin 1, aquaporin 2, calbindin D-28k, glutathione S-transferase-α, and Tamm-Horsfall protein. Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins involved in water transport across cell membranes. Calbindin D-28k is involved in renal calcium metabolism. Glutathione S-transferase-α is a protein that aids in detoxification and drug metabolism. The role of Tamm-Horsfall protein is not fully understood. Proposed functions include inhibition of calcium crystallization and reduction of bacterial urinary tract infection. The authors’ findings in the dog are similar to those in other species: Specifically, the authors localize aquaporin 1 to the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium, vasa recta endothelium, and descending thin limbs; aquaporin 2 to collecting duct epithelium; and calbindin D-28k within distal convoluted tubule epithelium. Glutathione S-transferase-α has variable expression and is found in only the renal transitional epithelium in some individuals, in only the proximal straight tubules in others, or in both locations in others. Tamm-Horsfall protein localizes to thick ascending limb epithelium. These findings are similar in the cat, with the exception that aquaporin 1 is located in glomerular podocytes, in addition to proximal convoluted tubule epithelium, and glutathione S-transferase-α is found solely within the proximal convoluted tubule within all kidney samples examined. The mouse kidney is almost identical to the dog but expresses glutathione S-transferase-α in the glomeruli only.
Analysis of different effect on the response of SAW hydrogen gas sensor

A three-dimensional finite element model of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line based hydrogen gas sensor on Y- X cut LiNbO3 substrate with a palladium film was developed and simulated using ANSYS platform. The changes of the output voltage were studied due to the exposure of the palladium film to hydrogen, and the effects of the elastic modulus and density changes of the Pd film were analyzed. The effects of the palladium film density decrease and elastic modulus decrease on the SAW hydrogen gas sensor are in opposite ways. The effect resulted from the elastic modulus decrease is more obvious. The impulse response analysis of the device was performed, from which the frequency response and hence a center frequency of about 100 MHz was obtained.
The Potential Role of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in People With Schizophrenia and Comorbid Substance Use

Objective: Treatment of schizophrenia in patients with comorbid substance use (alcohol/illicit drug use, abuse, or dependence) presents challenges for public health systems. Substance use in people with schizophrenia is up to four times greater than the general population and is associated with medication nonadherence and poor outcomes. Therefore, continuous antipsychotic treatment in this population may pose more of a challenge than for those with schizophrenia alone. Many clinical trials and treatment recommendations in schizophrenia do not take into consideration substance use, as people with comorbid substance use have typically been excluded from most antipsychotic trials. Nonetheless, antipsychotic treatment appears to be as efficacious in this population, although treatment discontinuation remains high. The objective of this review was to highlight the importance and utility of considering long-acting injectable antipsychotics for patients with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use. Methods: We did a literature search using PubMed with keywords schizophrenia and substance use/abuse/dependence, nonadherence, antipsychotics, long-acting injectables, relapse, and psychosocial interventions. We limited our search to human studies published in English and 4,971 articles were identified. We focused on clinical trials, case reports, case series, reviews, and meta-analyses, resulting in 125 articles from 1975 to 2011. Results: Our review suggests the potential role of long-acting injectables for people with comorbid substance use and schizophrenia in leading to improvements in psychopathology, relapse prevention, fewer rehospitalizations, and better outcomes. Conclusions: While more research is needed, long-acting antipsychotics should be considered an important option in the management of cases of schizophrenia and comorbid substance use.
Overview of the 5th Workshop on Asian Translation

This paper presents the results of the shared tasks from the 6th workshop on Asian translation (WAT2019) including Ja↔En, Ja↔Zh scientific paper translation subtasks, Ja↔En, Ja↔Ko, Ja↔En patent translation subtasks, Hi↔En, My↔En, Km↔En, Ta↔En mixed domain subtasks and Ru↔Ja news commentary translation task. For the WAT2019, 25 teams participated in the shared tasks. We also received 10 research paper submissions out of which 61 were accepted. About 400 translation results were submitted to the automatic evaluation server, and selected submis- sions were manually evaluated.
Utility of the international classification of diseases injury severity score: detecting preventable deaths and comparing the performance of emergency medical centers.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the International Classification of Diseases-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) to detect preventable deaths, and to compare the performance of trauma care facilities. METHODS For 2 years, from 1997 to 1998, 131 trauma deaths and 1,087 blunt trauma inpatients from 6 emergency medical centers (EMCs) in Korea were reviewed. Trauma deaths were reviewed and the preventability of those deaths was judged by two professional panels. For both trauma deaths and trauma inpatients, the survival probability of each trauma patient was assessed using the ICISS full model. The degree of agreement in the preventability of trauma death between survival probability on the basis of the ICISS and judgment rendered by professional panels was determined, and the correlation between the W-score and the preventable death rate in each EMC was also assessed. RESULTS The overall agreement rate between ICISS survival probability and preventable deaths judged by professional panels was 66.4% (kappa statistic, 0.36), and the positive predictive value of the ICISS in detecting preventable trauma deaths was 54.1% and the negative predictive value was 84.8%. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the W-score and the preventable death rate by each EMC was -0.77 (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION The degree of agreement in the preventability of trauma death derived from the ICISS with a professional judgment on preventability was similar to that derived from the Trauma and Injury Severity Score. The W-scores of EMCs correlated well with their preventable death rates, with marginal statistical significance. This study has demonstrated that the ICISS is useful in detecting preventable deaths and in comparing the performance of trauma care facilities.
Reduction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency is associated with subsequent selective follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease.

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and altered gonadotropin secretion. Mean plasma FSH concentrations are low, while LH is elevated in a majority of patients. LH pulsatile secretion has been shown to occur at rapid follicular phase frequencies (approximately one pulse per h) in PCO, suggesting persistent rapid frequency GnRH secretion in this disorder. Anovulatory women with PCO were given estradiol (E2; Estraderm skin patches) and progesterone (P; vaginal suppositories) to produce midluteal concentrations for 21 days. The aim was to determine if E2 and P would slow LH (GnRH) pulse frequency and if this would result in augmented FSH secretion and follicular development after withdrawal of E2 and P. Plasma LH was measured every 10 min for 8 h before, during (days 10 and 20), and 7 days after withdrawal of E2 and P (day 28). On each of these study days FSH was measured hourly, and E2 and P were measured every 2 h. After sampling, GnRH (25 and 250 ng/kg, iv) was given to assess pituitary responsiveness. Follicular development was monitored by vaginal ultrasound through day 34 of the study. Basal LH frequency was 8.5 +/- 0.5 pulses/8 h (mean +/- SEM). During E2 and P, LH pulse frequency fell to 3.3 +/- 1.0 (10 days) and 2.3 +/- 0.8 (20 days), 39% and 27% of the basal value, respectively, and subsequently increased to 5.6 +/- 0.7 (66% of basal) 7 days after withdrawal of E2 and P. LH pulse amplitude (basal, 7.2 +/- 1.5 IU/L) was not reduced until day 20, but remained suppressed (3.9 +/- 1.1 IU/L) on day 28. As a result, mean LH (basal, 21.0 +/- 3.5 IU/L) fell progressively during E2 and P, to 3.8 +/- 1.2 IU/L on day 20, and remained low (39% of basal) 7 days after steroid withdrawal. Mean plasma FSH (basal, 7.1 +/- 0.9 IU/L) also fell during steroid administration, but in contrast to LH, had risen to 93% of the basal value by 7 days after E2 and P. LH release in response to exogenous GnRH revealed marked initial responses which did not decrease until day 20, but remained suppressed (8% of basal) after withdrawal of E2 and P. FSH responses were also suppressed on day 20, but had increased to 75% of the basal value by day 28. Initiation of follicular development occurred in all patients, and the lead follicle measured 12.3 +/- 0.8 mm 13 days post-E2 and P. Ovulation occurred in one patient. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Varying evolution of the New Zealand lung cancer epidemic by ethnicity and socioeconomic position (1981-1999).

AIM Tobacco use and resultant health effects have been described as an epidemic that progresses through the population. This paper aims to describe and explain trends in lung cancer mortality by ethnicity and socioeconomic position in New Zealand between 1981-1999. METHODS Cohort studies of the entire New Zealand population for 1981-84, 1986-89, 1991-94, and 1996-99 (linking census and mortality datasets) allowed direct determination of trends in lung mortality by income and education. For ethnicity, we used unlinked census and mortality data--but with correction factors applied for undercounting of Maori and Pacific deaths. RESULTS Lung cancer mortality decreased in males and increased in females over the time period studied. In males, socioeconomic inequality persisted despite a decline in mortality in all socioeconomic groups. In females, a disproportionate increase in the mortality of lower socioeconomic groups compared to higher socioeconomic groups resulted in an increase in inequality. Divergent trends by ethnic group resulted in an increase in ethnic inequalities between 1981 and 1996 in both males and females. CONCLUSIONS There are significant and growing ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in New Zealand. In the current absence of concerted public health action these inequalities will probably widen in future decades.
Processing of Syndiotactic Polystyrene to Microspheres for Part Manufacturing through Selective Laser Sintering

Syndiotactic polystyrene pellets were processed into powder form using mechanical (ball milling, rotor milling) and physicochemical (spray drying) techniques with the intention of using it as feed material for selective laser sintering. New materials are an important component in broadening the application window for selective laser sintering but must meet strict requirements to be used. Particles obtained were characterized in size and shape using SEM imaging, analyzed by software, and compared to the product obtained by conventional ball milling. Rotor milling and spray drying proved capable of making spherical powders, yet only rotor milling achieved particles with a mean diameter within the desired range of 45–97 µm. Subsequently, the obtained powders were examined for the effect each processing technique imparts on the intrinsic properties of the material. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed amorphization for all methods and a reduction in crystallinity after processing, however, the reduction in crystallinity was acceptably low for the spray-dried and rotor-milled powders. Ball milling displayed an exceptional reduction in crystallinity, suggesting severe degradation. As a final test, the rotor-milled powder was subjected to single-layer test and displayed good coalescence and smooth morphology, albeit with a large amount of warpage.
Canine seroprevalence and the distribution of Ixodes dammini in an area of emerging Lyme disease.

This study evaluates the relative usefulness of canine serosurveys to predict risk of exposure in an area of emerging Lyme disease by comparing the distribution of canine seroprevalence with that of vector ticks. From 16 veterinary clinics throughout the State of Maine, 828 canine sera were obtained during the heartworm-testing months of April and May 1989 and measured for anti-Borrelia antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the same year, 1605 ticks, including 585 Ixodes dammini, were collected from pets, humans, small mammals, and deer. Thirty-six dogs were seropositive, 28 of which had not traveled to endemic areas. Eighty-nine percent of all seropositive dogs were from towns within 20 miles (32 km) of the coast; the great majority lived within 5 miles (8 km) of tidewater (odds ratio =4.45, P = .002). Positivity varied from 17% in a southern coastal clinic to 0% in four northern clinics. Of 585 I. dammini identified, all but 5 (99.1%) were also from towns within 20 miles of the coast. Comparison of I. dammini submissions with those of another commonly found tick, Ixodes cookei, corroborated this predominantly coastal distribution. Canine seropositivity generally coincided with this coastal range. These data predicted areas of risk for human Lyme disease, although the prevalence of reported cases remained low.
Evaluating Evidence-Based Studies and Design Projects

Health care design research answers important questions about the effects of specific design features on patient, provider, or organizational outcomes. Research generates data, findings, and new knowledge that becomes evidence when it is published or presented, that can be used by the designer in his or her everyday practice. The current evidence-based design (EBD) focus has shifted to the process of integrating and using existing credible evidence in the design process. But, how do we know if evidence is credible and of high quality? The purpose of this methodology column is to describe methods and tools that clients and design firms can use (1) to critique and appraise the evidence (expert opinion, best practice examples, or published research) to determine the level and quality of the evidence and (2) to evaluate projects to determine the level and quality of evidence that was used to guide design decisions.
Essential role for TMEM100 in vascular integrity but limited contributions to the pathogenesis of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

AIMS TMEM100 was previously identified as a downstream target of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1; ACVRL1) signalling. Mutations on ALK1 cause hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a vascular disorder characterized by mucocutaneous telangiectases and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The aims of this study are to investigate the in vivo role of TMEM100 at various developmental and adult stages and to determine the extent to which TMEM100 contributed to the development of AVMs as a key downstream effector of ALK1. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood vasculature in Tmem100-null embryos and inducible Tmem100-null neonatal and adult mice was examined. We found that TMEM100 deficiency resulted in cardiovascular defects at embryonic stage; dilated vessels, hyperbranching, and increased number of filopodia in the retinal vasculature at neonatal stage; and various vascular abnormalities, including internal haemorrhage, arteriovenous shunts, and weakening of vasculature with abnormal elastin layers at adult stage. However, arteriovenous shunts in adult mutant mice appeared to be underdeveloped without typical tortuosity of vessels associated with AVMs. We uncovered that the expression of genes encoding cell adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins was significantly affected in lungs of adult mutant mice. Especially Mfap4, which is associated with elastin fibre formation, was mostly down-regulated. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that TMEM100 has essential functions for the maintenance of vascular integrity as well as the formation of blood vessels. Our results also indicate that down-regulation of Tmem100 is not the central mechanism of HHT pathogenesis, but it may contribute to the development of vascular pathology of HHT by weakening vascular integrity.
Application of accelerated life testing principles to project long term lumen maintenance of LED luminaires

This work presents our effort to predict the long term reliability of LED arrays using the application of accelerated life testing principles. Assessment of long term reliability and performance of LED arrays is a testing exercise but it is also vital for successful acceptance of Solid State Lighting (SSL) systems. The objective of this work is to analyze IESNA LM-80 test data obtained from the LED manufacturers to study how failure is accelerated by stress and fit an acceleration model to the data. This acceleration model can be used to accurately project the reliability of the LED arrays under normal operating conditions. The methodology was to apply statistical analysis to LM-80 test data and obtain accelerated models for life-stress relationships and life-time distributions. The Arrhenius-Weibull, Generalised Eyring-Weibull and Inverse Power-Weibull models were obtained and were compared for their effectiveness in to predicting the reliability of LED arrays.
Anticoagulation of Juvenile Sheep and Goats With Heparin, Warfarin, and Clopidogrel

Little data exist on anticoagulation of young sheep and goats. We tested the effect of heparin, warfarin, and clopidogrel in two sheep and two goats weighing 17–35 kg. Each animal received heparin boluses of 80, 100, and 200 units/kg; goats also received 300, 350, and 400 units/kg. All animals received continuous heparin 40, 60, and 80 units/kg/hour; oral warfarin 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg/day; and oral clopidogrel 75 and 150 mg/day (2.8–3.4 and 5.6–6.9 mg/kg/day). Results were in the form of complete blood counts, activated clotting times (ACT), partial thromboplastin times, prothrombin times, thromboelastograms, and whole-blood lumiaggregometry. After heparin boluses of 200 units/kg, sheep and goats reached mean peak ACTs over 400 seconds. After continuous infusions of 40, 60 and 80 units/kg/hour, sheep and goats exceeded our therapeutic range for ACTs (195–215 seconds for sheep, 155–175 seconds for goats). For warfarin therapy, both sheep and goats required treatment with >0.6 mg/kg/day to achieve INRs over 2.5. Clopidogrel treatment, after 14–17 days of 75–150 mg/day, inhibited sheep platelets by 25–36% and goat platelets by 35–46%. We conclude that young sheep and goats can be safely and effectively anticoagulated with heparin and warfarin, and can also show a modest antiplatelet response to clopidogrel. Doses for each drug were generally higher than those used for humans, and warfarin therapy in sheep may be unpredictable. These results should be useful for developing anticoagulation protocols to test pediatric mechanical circulatory support devices.
Hepatocyte growth factor as an indicator of neonatal maturity

Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen and morphogen expressed in fetal organs. It requires activation by specific serine proteases. The role of activated HGF during fetal development has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that the serum levels of activated HGF would be increased in preterm neonates. Cord blood total HGF and activated HGF levels were measured in 19 preterm (gestational age, 28.04±2.39 weeks) and 24 term (gestational age, 39.37±0.95 weeks) newborns. Anthropometric parameters and metabolic indices were evaluated. Activated HGF was higher in preterm than in term neonates (0.81±0.05 vs. 0.61±0.06 ng/mL, p<0.05), whereas total HGF levels did not differ significantly between groups. In addition, total and activated HGF further increased by ∼40% in preterm neonates 12 h after birth. Finally, activated HGF correlated inversely with gestational age (r=–0.369; p=0.015) and birth weight (r=–0.440; p=0.003). Our study demonstrates that regulation of HGF activity and circulating HGF levels differ between term and preterm neonates along fetal development.