Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of floral oils in the nestmate recognition system of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Nestmate recognition is essential for maintaining colony integrity in social insects. To dis- criminate between nestmates and non-nestmates, social insects use self-produced and environmen- tally-acquired recognition cues. In honey bees, both types of recognition cues have been implicated. We investigated the effect that floral oils (anethole, citronellal, limonene and linalool) have on the prob- ability of nestmates and non-nestmates being accepted by guard bees at nest entrances. Floral oils did not affect the probability of workers, either nestmates or non-nestmates, being accepted by guards. However, the presence of floral oils did increase the time taken for a guard to reject an introduced bee. These data show that guards are sensitive to floral oils, but use other recognition cues when assess- ing colony affiliation. honey bee / nestmate recognition / guard bee / environmental cue / floral oil
Variations in axial morphology, segmentation, and seafloor roughness along the Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge between 56°S and 66°S

The spreading rate at the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR) increases rapidly from 54 mm/yr near Pitman Fracture Zone (FZ) up to 76 mm/yr near Udintsev FZ, resulting in three domains of axial morphology: an axial valley south of Pitman FZ, an axial high north of Saint Exupery FZ, and in between, the transitional domain extends over 650 km. It comprises sections of ridge with an axial valley or an axial high and generally displays a very low cross-sectional relief. It is also characterized by two propagating rifts. Two domains of different seafloor roughness appear south of Udintsev FZ: east of 157 °W these two domains are separated by a 1000-km V-shaped boundary. West of 157 °W, the boundary approximately coincides with Chron 3a or Chron 4. The southward migration of the transitional area during the last 35 Myr explains the V-shaped boundary: (1) increases in spreading rate above a threshold value produced changes in axial morphology; and (2) in the transition zone, rotations of the spreading direction were accommodated by the plate boundary, either by rift propagation or by transitions from fracture zones to non transform discontinuities, leaving trails on the seafloor that presently delineate the V. Seafloor roughness variations are not controlled by exactly the same spreading rate dependence as changes in axial morphology. The transition from rough to smooth seems to have occurred everywhere for spreading rates greater than 50 mm/yr, except in a domain presently centered on Saint-Exupery FZ, where it occurred for spreading rates >60 to 65 mm/yr. Independent results from melting model calculations of major elements [Vlastelicet al., 2000] indicate that the upper mantle temperature is likely to be cooler between Antipodes and La Rose FZs. The combination of these two results reveals the existence of a 700-km-long segmentation of the upper mantle, with a “cool” area centered on Saint-Exupery FZ.
Discouraging Times: The Labor Force Participation of Married Black Women, 1930–1940

The extraordinary unemployment rates of black women during the Great Depression caused a sizeable number to leave the labor force as "discouraged workers. " Consequently, while married white women entered the labor force in increasing numbers, the participation rate of married black women stagnated. The higher unemployment of black women was not primarily a function of their occupational or industrial distribution, but reflected unequal treatment within markets. This article adds support to the view of black economic progress as episodic in nature, with the Depression as a period of relative retrenchment for African Americans.
Technological readiness and propensity of young people to online purchases

New technologies are constantly changing patterns of consumer behavior. Investigations about consumer acceptance and readiness to adopt new technologies are vital to the development of a better understanding of their behavior. This study aimed to analyze the relation between the dimensions of readiness for the adoption of technology and propensity to perform online purchases of undergraduate college students. It was surveyed 224 college students and the instrument of data collection comprised the TRI scale (Technology Readiness Index) and items for the assessment of propensity to online purchases. Analyses were performed through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results suggest that past experiences related to online purchases impact negatively on the propensity to online purchases. It was also observed that adaptive optimism and pioneerism impacts positively on propensity to online purchases. Thus, unpreparedness presents a significant negative impact on propensity. However, transactional and service insecurities do not have significant impact on the propensity to purchase online. The major limitation of this study is the small sample of a very specific group. So, some suggestions regarded to future investigations are made.
Massive star formation in Wolf-Rayet galaxies - IV. Colours, chemical-composition analysis and metallicity–luminosity relations

Aims. We have performed a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of a sample of 20 starburst galaxies that show a substantial population of very young massive stars, most of them classified as Wolf-Rayet (WR) galaxies. In this paper, the forth of the series, we present the global analysis of the derived photometric and chemical properties. Methods. We compare optical/NIR colours and the physical properties (reddening coefficient, equivalent widths of the emission and underlying absorption lines, ionization degree, electron density, and electron temperature) and chemical properties (oxygen abundances and N/O, S/O, Ne/O, Ar/O, and Fe/O ratios) with previous observations and galaxy evolution models. We compile 41 independent star-forming regions – with oxygen abundances between 12 + log(O/H) = 7.58 and 8.75 – , of which 31 have a direct estimate of the electron temperature of the ionized gas. Results. According to their absolute B-magnitude, many of them are not dwarf galaxies, but they should be during their quiescent phase. We found that both c(Hβ )a ndWabs increase with increasing metallicity. The differences in the N/O ratio is explained assuming differences in the star formation histories. We detected a high N/O ratio in objects showing strong WR features (HCG 31 AC, UM 420, IRAS 0828+2816, III Zw 107, ESO 566-8 and NGC 5253). The ejecta of the WR stars may be the origin of the N enrichment in these galaxies. We compared the abundances provided by the direct method with those obtained through empirical calibrations, finding that (i) the Pilyugin method is the best suited empirical calibration for these star-forming galaxies; (ii) the relations provided by Pettini & Pagel (2004, MNRAS, 348, 59) give acceptable results for objects with 12 + log(O/H) > 8.0; and (iii) the results provided by empirical calibrations based on photoionization models are systematically 0.2–0.3 dex higher than the values derived from the direct method. The O and N abundances and the N/O ratios are clearly related to the optical/NIR luminosity; the dispersion of the data is a consequence of the differences in the star-formation histories. The L–Z relations tend to be tighter when using NIR luminosities, which facilitates distinguishing tidal dwarf galaxies candidates and pre-existing dwarf objects. Galaxies with redder colours tend to have higher oxygen and nitrogen abundances. Conclusions. Our detailed analysis is fundamental to understand the nature of galaxies that show strong starbursts, as well as to know their star formation history and the relationships with the environment. This study is complementary –but usually more powerful– to the less detailed analysis of large galaxy samples that are very common nowadays.
DEMOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY AND SALIENCE OF NATIONALITY ON TEAM EFFECTIVENESS IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)

Conventional research has viewed cultural diversity from a narrow perspective confined primarily to gender, age and ethnicity. But the movement of professionals across the globe has highlighted the importance of nationality in a culturally diverse workplace. There is a distinct lack of literature on cultural diversity focusing on the role of nationality at the team levels in the ICT sector, especially in an SME set up. The aim of this paper is to fill the gap by examining the relationship between cultural diversity mainly nationality and team effectiveness. The study uses a mix method approach with a demographic and team effectiveness questionnaire survey followed by semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that nationality influenced task execution and delivery while religion shaped the dynamics of the team and its functioning. Ethnicity was seen to exert an influence on social relationships. Thus it is imperative to consider the overlap between religion, nationality and ethnicity and how these elements coalesce to shape the dynamics of a team.
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Selected Strains of Cyanobacteria

Microalgal biomass can be used in creating various functional food and feed products, but certain species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are known to produce various compounds causing off-flavour. In this work, we investigated selected cyanobacterial strains of Spirulina, Anabaena, and Nostoc genera originating from Serbia, with the aim of determining the chemical profile of volatile organic compounds produced by these organisms. Additionally, the influence of nitrogen level during growth on the production of volatile compounds was investigated for Nostoc and Anabaena strains. In addition, multivariate techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were used for making distinction among different microalgal strains. The results show that the main volatile compounds in these species are medium chain length alkanes, but other odorous compounds such as 2-methylisoborneol (0.51–4.48%), 2-pentylfuran (0.72–8.98%), β-cyclocitral (0.00–1.17%), and β-ionone (1.15–2.72%) were also detected in the samples. Addition of nitrogen to growth medium was shown to negatively affect the production of 2-methylisoborneol, while geosmin was not detected in any of the analyzed samples, which indicates that the manipulation of growth conditions may be useful in reducing levels of some unwanted odor-causing components.
Characterization of sodium potassium -ATPase and vacuolar proton -ATPase in three coral species from two different clades

Author(s): Perez, Sidney Olivia | Abstract: The movement of ions across a cell membrane is critical to a wide variety of physiological functions across all phyla, however, little research has been conducted on ion transport in Cnidarians. Understanding coral physiological mechanisms is of increasing interest, however, due to mounting environmental stress. Two key ion transport dependent processes are calcification and photosynthesis by the endosymbiotic algae. This study utilized fluorescent immunostaining to localize two key ion transport proteins in three species of scleractinian corals: Acropora yongei, Stylophora pistillata, and Pocillopora damicornis. Proteins investigated included vacuolar hydrogen -ATPase (VHA) and sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA). VHA was localized to the intracellular symbiosome membrane of endodermal cells, providing supporting evidence for its participation in a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM). This localization was conserved in all three species of coral. VHA was also localized in the aboral endoderm, and was more abundant in the growth tips of corals, suggesting it may play a role in facilitating rapid calcification by aiding in pH regulation. NKA was observed in the calcifying epithelium of all three species. However, it was found in the apical membrane of the oral ectoderm of A. yongei, only. The similar localization of NKA in the calcifying tissue suggests it plays a conserved role in calcification, while the differences in location between other tissues indicate that corals have evolved diverse ion transport mechanisms for other functions. These differences may lead to differential responses to environmental stressors
AN OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS AND METRICS FOR DISCRETE PART MANUFACTURING

Sustainable manufacturing has become an emerging environmental, economic, societal, and technological challenge to the industry, the academia, and the government entities. Numerous research and development (R&D) efforts have been launched, and many global and domestic efforts have been initiated toward a long-term sustainable world. This paper provides an overview of R&D efforts in the measurement of manufacturing sustainability, based on an intensive literature search. It focuses on sustainability metrics that apply to unit machining processes for discrete part manufacturing. The authors present results from assessing the scope of indicators that exist for sustainability measurement in general, with a quick visit to the taxonomy of manufacturing activities and different classifications of existing SM metrics by unit machining processes. Most metrics at the unit machining level were developed to measure environmental impacts with respect to energy, materials, water, wastes, and air emissions, while a relatively smaller effort was developed to gauge societal or economic impacts. We report on an analysis of energy metrics available for various unit machining processes at the sub-device and sub-unit process level.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH, FRUIT YIELD, AND QUALITY OF CHERRY TOMATO UNDER GLASSHOUSE CONDITIONS

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth, flower, fruit production, and fruit quality on Cherry tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were studied under glasshouse conditions. This is to find out the most promising AMF that could promote the growth and yield of Cherry tomatoes. The inoculation of 7 AMF indigenous species; Glomus sp.1, Glomus sp.2, Glomus sp.3, Glomus mosseae, Acaulospora sp.1, Entrophospora schenckii, Scutellospora fulgida, and distilled water as a control were performed on Cherry tomatoes. The single spores of mycorrhizal fungi were collected using the pot maize technique. Results showed that all AMF species were able to colonize on tomato roots. The Glomus mosseae gave the highest growth and fruit quality compared with all other treatments. G. mosseae could increase the height up to 79.04 cm on the 66 th day after planting and the flowers numbered 67.5 flowers per plant. Finally it gave fruits numbered at 24.0 fruit per plant on the 87 th day after planting. Furthermore, G. mosseae gave a significantly higher fruit weight and fruit diameter at 21.36 g per fruit and 31.53 mm per fruit, respectively. In addition, the quality of fruit and total soluble solid and ascorbic acid were 5.75 % brix and 272 mg per 100 g, respectively, which were also significantly higher than other species.
Variable Geometries of Connection: Urban Digital Divides and the Uses of Information Technology

This paper proposes a new way of conceptualising urban 'digital divides'. It focuses on the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) unevenly affect the pace of life within the urban environment. Based on a detailed case study of how ICTs are being used in an affluent and a marginalised neighbourhood in Newcastle upon Tyne, the paper suggests that urban digital divides need to be understood as more than uneven patterns of access. They emerge in this work as more than the presence or absence of specific technological artefacts. Rather, it is argued that different styles and speeds of technologically mediated life now work to define urban socio-spatial inequalities. The paper distinguishes between two such key styles and speeds. First, the paper argues that affluent and professional groups now use new media technologies pervasively and continuously as the 'background' infrastructure to sustain privileged and intensely distanciated, but time-stressed, lifestyles. Secondly, more marginalised neighbourhoods tend to be characterised by instrumental and episodic ICT usage patterns which are often collectively organised through strong neighbourhood ties. For the former, mediated networks help to orchestrate neighbourhood ties; for the latter, it is those neighbourhood ties that enable on-line access.
VEGETATION RESPONSE TO FIRE AND POSTBURN SEEDING TREATMENTS IN JUNIPER WOODLANDS OF THE GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT, UTAH

We compared 3 naturally ignited burns with unburned sites in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Each burn site was restored with native and nonnative seed mixes, restored with native seeds only, or regenerated naturally. In general, burned sites had significantly lower native species richness (1.8 vs. 2.9 species), native species cover (11% vs. 22.5%), and soil crust cover (4.1% vs. 15%) than unburned sites. Most burned plots, seeded or not, had significantly higher average nonnative species richness and cover and lower average native species richness and cover than unburned sites. Regression tree analyses suggest site variation was equally important to rehabilitation results as seeding treatments. Low native species richness and cover, high soil C, and low cover of biological soil crusts may facilitate increased nonnative species richness and cover. Our study also found that unburned sites in the region had equally high cover of nonnative species compared with the rest of the Monument. Cheatgrass ( Bromus tectorum ) dominated both burned and unburned sites. Despite the invasion of cheatgrass, unburned sites still maintain higher native species richness; however, the high cover of cheatgrass may increase fire frequency, further reduce native species richness and cover, and ultimately change vegetation composition in juniper woodlands.
Improving the Campus Climate for Students with Disabilities Through the Use of Online Training

As one strategy to improve the campus climate for students with disabilities, the Project Opportunity and Access online training program was evaluated for its ability to change the attitudes of faculty and student affairs staff. The Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale was used to measure attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. Because previous contact has been shown to be related toattitudes, eight items from the Contact with Disabled Persons Scale were included in the demographics questionnaire. An ANCOVA revealed that attitudes were significantly better for those individuals who took the training program, although gender appeared to be a mediating variable. Based on these findings, online training may provide a cost-effective means for improving the campus climate for students with disabilities.
LEARNING STRATEGY USES AMONG THE STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT COGNITIVE STYLES AND PROFICIENCY

800x600 Artikel ini mengkaji strategi belajar membaca bahasa Inggris yang digunakan mahasiswa dengan tingkat profisiensi dan gaya kognitif yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beragam strategi belajar digunakan subjek, dengan strategi kompensasi dan metakognitif sebagai strategi yang paling sering dipakai. Subjek yang profisien dan kurang profisien memiliki perbedaan dalam penggunaan strategi memori, kompensasi, kognitif, dan metakognitif. Sebaliknya, tidak ada perbedaan startegi belajar antara mahasiswa bergaya kognitif ektenik dan sinoptik. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
Iterative solution of the scattering by an arbitrary configuration of conducting or dielectric spheres

An analytic solution to the problem of the scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by an arbitrary configuration of dielectric spheres is presented using an iterative procedure to account for the multiple scattered fields between the spheres. To compute the higher order terms of the scattered fields, the translation addition theorem for the vector spherical wave functions is used to express the field scattered by one sphere in terms of the spherical co-ordinates of the other spheres to impose the boundary conditions. Coefficients of the various order scattered fields are obtained in matrix form. Numerical results for the normalised backscattering and bistatic cross-section patterns are presented for one- and two-dimensional arrays, and these show that scattered fields up to the fourth order are needed in the special case of contacting conducting linear arrays of spheres to achieve results in excellent agreement with the available data published in the literature.
The Impact of Workforce Diversity Towards Employee Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this research is the investigation of the effect of work force diversify towards employee performance in a banking industry of Pakistan. There are numerous factors that can effect performance of the employee but this research includes only the most critical variables among all the others such as gender, age, ethnicity and educational background of the employees as predictor variables of employee performance in an organization. For this investigation simple random sampling technique was used and data was collected by personally distributing 230 questionnaires to the employees in major banks at Lahore. Regression analysis technique has been used for data analysis and to find causal relation among the variables. All the independent variables were found to be highly significant at 5% level of significance and the signs of the regression coefficients were in accordance to the past studies. The data results show that there is a significant impact on employee performance when different workforce is working in the banking industry.
Spatial fluctuations of the intergalactic temperature–density relation after hydrogen reionization

LCK acknowledges the support of a CITA postdoctoral fellowship, an Isaac Newton studentship, the Cambridge Trust, and STFC. Support by the FP7 ERC Advanced Grant Emergence-320596 is gratefully acknowledged. EP acknowledges support from the Kavli Foundation. This work used the DiRAC Data Analytic system at the University of Cambridge, operated by the University of Cambridge High Performance Computing Service on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant (ST/K001590/1), STFC capital grants ST/H008861/1 and ST/H00887X/1, and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K00333X/1. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) of the DFG cluster of excellence ‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’.