Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LoCuSS: luminous infrared galaxies in the merging cluster Abell 1758 at z= 0.28

We present the first galaxy evolution results from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS), a multiwavelength survey of 100 X-ray selected galaxy clusters at 0.15 ≤z≤ 0.3 . LoCuSS combines far-ultraviolet (UV) through far-infrared (IR) observations of cluster galaxies with gravitational lensing analysis and X-ray data to investigate the interplay between the hierarchical assembly of clusters and the evolution of cluster galaxies. Here we present new panoramic Spitzer/Multiband Imaging Photometer 24-μm observations of the merging cluster Abell 1758 at z= 0.279 spanning 6.5 × 6.5 Mpc^2 and reaching a 90 per cent completeness limit of S_(24μm)= 400 μJy . We estimate a global cluster star formation rate of SFR_(24μm)= 910 ± 320 M_⊙ yr^(−1) within R 5 × 10^(10) L_⊙ . The obscured activity in A1758 is therefore comparable with that in Cl 0024+1654, the most active cluster previously studied at 24 μm . The obscured galaxies faithfully trace the cluster potential as revealed by the weak-lensing mass map of the cluster, including numerous mass peaks at R∼ 2–3 Mpc that are likely associated with infalling galaxy groups and filamentary structures. However, the core (R≲ 500 kpc) of A1758N is ∼two times more active in the IR than that of A1758S, likely reflecting differences in the recent dynamical history of the two clusters. The 24-μm results from A1758 therefore suggest that dust-obscured cluster galaxies are common in merging clusters and suggest that obscured activity in clusters is triggered by both the details of cluster–cluster mergers and processes that operate at larger radii including those within in-falling groups. Our ongoing far-UV through far-IR observations of a large sample of clusters should allow us to disentangle the different physical processes responsible for triggering obscured star formation in clusters.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BUOYANT GAS RELEASE

Buoyant round vertical jet had been investigated using Large Eddy Simulations at low Mach number. For the purpose of comparison with in-house experimental data, in the present work helium has been used as a substitute for hydrogen. The influence of the transient concentration fields on the volume of gas with concentration within flammability limits has been investigated, and their evolution and relation with average fields ad been characterized. Transient concentration fields created during initial jet development had been considered. Numerical results have been compared with in-house experiments and data published in the literature.
Effect of Free Nitrous Acid as Inhibitor on Denitrification Process

Denitrification process is an important step of the global nitrogen cycle. As an intermediate of this process, nitrite always can be found accumulated when the nitrite reduction rate falling behind the rate of nitrate reduction. This study investigated the influence of nitrite/free nitrous acid (FNA) on denitrification process. The nitrate reduction rate, nitrite accumulation rate, nitrite reduction rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate were measured under different FNA concentrations, and different levels of inhibition were observed in the nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, nitrite accumulation and COD removal process. The nitrite accumulation rate decreased by 82% when initial FNA concentration was increased from 0.022 mg/L to 0.045 mg/L, and no nitrite accumulation was observed when the initial FNA concentration was greater than 0.072 mg/L. The nitrate reduction process in this experiment was almost completely inhibited and COD removal process was totally halted when the initial FNA concentration was increased to 0.18 mg/L; in the meantime, the phenomenon of bacteriolysis might occur in this test, which led to a slight upward tendency of COD concentration. The impact of FNA on nitrate reduction process was greater than that on nitrite reduction process, though nitrite reduction was also inhibited by FNA, it could not be completely halted. The amended Monod model was chosen to describe the inhibitory effect and the inhibition of FNA concentration on nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction and COD removal process could all be well described by this model. Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal. com Received: 27-5-2014 Accepted: 6-7-2014
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4 ( TLR 4 ) GENE POLYMORPHISM IN HARINGHATA BLACK CHICKEN

The experiment was conducted on Haringhata Black Chicken breed to investigate the polymorphism of exon-2 of Toll-Like Receptor-4 gene. Genomic DNA extracted from 82 birds was used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product (248bp) of exon-2 of TLR4 gene revealed two types of SSCP banding pattern arbitrarily assigned as EF and FF genotypes on 10 percent polyacrylamide gel. The genotype frequencies were found to be 0.634 for EF and 0.366 for FF genotype with respect to exon-2 of TLR4 gene. The frequencies of E and F alleles were estimated as 0.317 and 0.683, respectively. The calculated Chi square value revealed that the population was not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium with respect to TLR4 gene in Haringhata Black Chicken.
On the performance of a nonorthogonal multiple‐access technique for downlink MIMO cooperative networks

Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been regarded as an appropriate multiple‐access technique for fifth generation due to its radio‐frequency spectrum effective usage and significant capacity gains. In this paper, a cooperative network is considered, where 2 kinds of signal transmission links exist at the same time, ie, the direct link and the relaying link. The system performance is evaluated in a NOMA‐based downlink multiple‐input–multiple‐output relaying network in terms of 2 measures, ie, the outage probability and the ergodic rate. Due to the uncertainty of the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) at the users reached by the direct links, at the base station, the best antenna that maximizes the instantaneous system SINR at the relay is selected to transmit the signals. Furthermore, for the receiving antennas at the multiple users, maximal ratio combining is used to exploit efficiently the diversity offered by the multiple antennas. Closed‐form expressions for the exact outage probability and the ergodic rate at high SINR are derived. Moreover, the diversity order is obtained by analyzing the asymptotic outage probability. Finally, the extensive simulations are performed to corroborate that NOMA, in combination with a successive interference canceller, represents a significant alternative to the orthogonal multiple access in catching up with the high demands for radio spectrum.
Treatment of aging vocal folds: novel approaches

Purpose of reviewThis article aims to review previous research reports and to summarize current strategies for the treatment of the aging vocal fold using regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, with a particular focus on growth factor therapy. Recent findingsPrevious studies have elucidated age-related histological and gene expression changes in key extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and hyaluronan, in the lamina propria of the aging vocal fold. On the basis of these findings, our research group has focused on growth factor therapy to restore extracellular matrix distribution in the aging vocal fold to a younger state. Results from recent studies with basic fibroblast growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor provided preliminary evidence of the regenerative effects of growth factor therapy on treatment of the aging vocal fold. In addition, a clinical trial using basic fibroblast growth factor revealed improvements of maximum phonation time, mean flow rate, and acoustic parameters in atrophied vocal folds. These positive findings suggest that the administration of basic fibroblast growth factor may become a useful tool for the treatment of the aging vocal fold. SummaryRegenerative medicine and tissue engineering are innovative strategies for the treatment of aging vocal folds, and recent reports have also confirmed the therapeutic potential of growth factor therapy for the treatment of the aging vocal fold. More recently, the clinical application of basic fibroblast growth factor was reported with encouraging outcomes. Continued basic research and clinical investigations will be required to develop strategies to overcome age-related voice disorders.
Effects of the male on the embryo

Early pregnancy failure or loss (EPL) represents a major source of wastage and inefficiency in livestock production systems, with increasing evidence that male factors can play a significant role in this loss. Of those adverse male effects which have been identified, those associated with sperm damage, particularly sperm DNA, have been best characterized. Here the case is made that there are a limited number of mechanisms by which the spermatogenic epithelium can respond to stressors, leading to a predictable trail of detectable biomarkers. Potential stressors include pathogens, especially viruses, which can directly damage sperm as well as be transmitted in semen and/or sperm with important implications for both natural and artificial breeding.
FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL MEASUREMENTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING IN IDIOPATHIC MACULAR PUCKER

Objective: To investigate the role of structural and functional measurements in the assessment of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for the treatment of eyes with macular pucker. Methods: Ten patients with macular pucker who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling were studied prospectively. Visual acuity measurement, standard automated achromatic perimetry, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before and 3 months after surgery. Four surgical samples obtained from similar patients were analyzed with electron microscopy. Results: Three months after surgery, mean visual acuity ± SD was significantly improved from 0.4 ± 0.11 logMAR to 0.19 ± 0.13 logMAR (P ≤ 0.002), and mean central retinal thickness ± SD was significantly decreased 428 ± 73 &mgr;m to 326 ± 34 &mgr;m (P ≤ 0.002). The mfERG response amplitudes were slightly decreased in eight patients, and five of these patients also had asymptomatic decreases in visual field sensitivity. The electron micrographs revealed segments of Müller cell footplates on the retinal side of the ILM in all four specimens. Conclusion: In this study, the use of mfERG, OCT, and standard automated achromatic perimetry showed changes in macular function and structure postoperatively. These measures of visual function and structure allow for better evaluation of the surgical outcome and understanding of the changes that may occur after ILM peeling.
Awareness in people with severe dementia: Review and integration

Objective: Although awareness has been extensively researched in relation to people with dementia, studies have focussed mainly on people who have dementia of mild to moderate severity. Consequently, relatively little is known about awareness in people with severe dementia, and there is no clear conceptual framework to indicate how this should be understood or investigated. Method: This review presents a conceptual framework for considering awareness in people with moderate to severe dementia which distinguishes fundamental awareness of sensory and perceptual stimuli and three levels of awareness involving more complex cognitive operations, termed ‘on-line monitoring’, ‘evaluative judgement’ and ‘meta-representation’, and provides an integration of the available evidence regarding each level. Results: Findings indicate that sensory and perceptual awareness can be detected even in people with very severe or end-stage dementia, while some aspects of complex awareness may be retained into the severe stages. Conclusions: The environmental context and the nature of caregiving interactions influence the extent to which awareness is expressed. There may be scope for enhancing the expression of some aspects of awareness in people with moderate to severe dementia, but this should only be undertaken where it is likely to improve quality of life. Understanding more about awareness is an important element in the provision of high-quality care for people with moderate to severe dementia.
Relationships Between Human Resources Management Practices , And Job Satisfaction , And Organizational Commitment Among Employees In Kazakhstani Organizations

The purpose of the study is to examine how HRM practices influence employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Kazakhstani Universities; whether perceived organizational support and company’s HRM policies and practices have relationship with organizational commitment. Data were collected by the distribution of two questionnaires the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) through a stratified random sampling method. The Analysis of Moment Structures was used for an empirical testing of the model, and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was applied to estimate numerical values for the components in the model. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the validity of the scales in measuring specific constructs of the measurement model and Fornell and Larker’s guidelines were applied. Almaty 2011 The Role Of Human Resources Management Practices In Creating Employees’ Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment. Case Of Kazakhstan.
Knowledge , Attitude and Safety Practices amongst Public and Private Solid Waste Handlers in a South Eastern State , Nigeria

Background: In the task of collecting, treating and disposing of solid waste by waste handlers especially in developing countries where waste generation is increasing and commonly associated with indiscriminate unsafe disposal practices, waste handlers are exposed to a variety of work related hazards which may be deleterious to their health. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and safety practices amongst public and private sectorsolid waste handlers in Imo State. Nigeria. Methods: The study was a Cross Sectional descriptive design that used the total population of 155 employed participants at the public and private waste management establishments in the State. Data was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaires. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed and p value set at< 0.05. Results: A majority of respondents were aware of the hazardous nature of solid waste handling (75.5%). In spite of the fact that majority of the respondents were aware of personal protective equipment (PPE) (76.1%), only 66.7% of the overall that use PPE (87), used it always and less than half of the respondentshad received pre-employment training (44.5%). On further analysis, it was revealed that, there were statistically significant differences between the public and private sector waste handlers with respect to awareness of the hazardous nature of solid waste handling (p=0.000), the awareness of the general consequences of the hazard exposure on health (p=0.000), the awareness of personal protective equipment (p=0.000) and the receipt of pre-employment training (p=0.000). Conclusion: PublicPrivate Partnerships in waste handling should be the way forward in Nigeria in order to ensure better health protection and safety of waste handlers and the communities they serve.
Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions

As the first comparative study of religious terror groups, the article provides detailed analyses of the different doctrines and methods of the three best-known groups: the Thugs, Assassins, and Zealots-Sicarii. Despite a primitive technology, each developed much more durable and destructive organizations than has any modern secular group. The differences among the groups reflect the distinguishing characteristics of their respective originating religious communities: Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. The distinctive characteristics of religious terror are discussed, and relationships between religious and secular forms of terror are suggested.
LAND TENURE REFORMS AND INVESTMENT IN TANZANIA By

Using cross sectional data obtained from the first wave of the National Panel Survey Data; this study attempts to examine empirically two issues; first the influence of land tenure reforms on sustainability of land management; second, the influence of land tenure on land investment (trees plantation). The econometric analysis of the study indicates that probability of planting trees increases with ownership of land implying that if someone owns land increases the incentive for planting trees because farmers are able to realize the benefits of trees from plantations that occur over time. The analysis further shows that, it is not only land ownership that influences the probability of planting trees but also other factors (such as distance from plot to home/market; slope of the plot; and organic fertilizers as well as pesticide) which implies that issues of land investment for sustainable land management have to consider both factors for it to have meaningful impacts. The study suggest that, major changes in land conservation investments will require attention to all these factors because no single factor can be used as a major factor to influence policy instruments. In this sense all factors (land ownership, characteristics of the plot like slope and distance where the plot is located, and also agriculture inputs like fertilizers and pesticide) have to be taken into account for land conservation investment and sustainable land management.
In vitro Propagation and Somatic Embryogenesis in Egyptian Husk Tomato (Physalis pubescens L.)

Efficient and reproducible methods for micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis of Egyptian husk tomato Balady species (physalis pubescens L.), that belongs to family Solanaceae, were tested. Seedlings of tested cultivar were germinated which cultured on hormone freemedium then shoot tip explants were transplanted onto MS medium for initiation supplemented with the cytokinin BAP at (0.000, 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 and 1.000 mg/l) in combinations with the auxin NAA (0.000, 0.125 and 0.250 mg/l). During the multiplication stage, the nodel cuttings of initiation stage were cultured on MS medium supplemented with cytokinin BAP at (0.000, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 and 2.000 mg/l) in combinations with the auxin NAA (0.000, 0.125 and 0.250 mg/l). For the rhizogenesis stage, the explants derived from the multiplication stage were cultured onto MS medium supplemented with the NAA at different concentrations (0.000, 0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 and 2.000). The rametes rooted shoots were transferred ex vitro and in vivo under shading and then acclimatized, gradually. The acclimatized neoformed plantlets were established and appeared healthy and trueto-type. Asexual embryos were arose from embryogenic callus derived from leaf explants when cultured on MS medium augmented with 2,4-D at (0.000, 0.500, 1.000, 2.000 and 4.000 mg/l) in combinations with BAP at (0.00, 0.125 and 0.250 mg/l), and somatic embryos were obtained as another method for in vitro vegetative propagation.
Carbon isotope fractionation of amino acids in fish muscle reflects biosynthesis and isotopic routing fromdietary protein

KeltonW.McMahon*, Marilyn L. Fogel, Travis S. Elsdon and SimonR. Thorrold Massachusetts Institute of Technology andWoodsHole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program inOceanography and Ocean Engineering,WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution,WoodsHole, MA 02543, USA; Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad BranchRd. N.W. ,Washington, DC 20015, USA; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; and Biology Department,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,WoodsHole, MA 02543, USA
Subretinal fluid from anterior ischemic optic neuropathy demonstrated by optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the development of subfoveal fluid associated with optic disc swelling from nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. METHODS Optical coherence tomographic studies obtained during a 3-year period (October 1, 2003, to December 30, 2006) from 76 patients who developed ischemic optic neuropathy from 2 institutions were evaluated. The presence or absence, and the distribution, of subretinal fluid was determined. RESULTS Seventy-six patients underwent macular optical coherence tomography within 4 weeks of developing sudden loss of vision in one eye, decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and optic disc swelling with peripapillary hemorrhages. Eight patients had apparent subretinal fluid extending into the subfoveal space. Visual acuity improved in 5 of the 8 patients as the subfoveal fluid resolved. CONCLUSIONS Subretinal fluid develops in some patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and may contribute to some of the visual loss associated with this condition. Furthermore, resolution of the subretinal fluid could account for some of the visual improvement that can follow anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
Levels of evidence

When you pick up an issue of Neurology ® and scan its contents, how do you decide what to read? And how do you decide if what you read should change your clinical practice? The value of a scientific study can be assessed by a variety of objective and subjective measures and its value will depend on your perspective. Do you view the results as a researcher or as a practicing neurologist seeking the best evidence on which to make clinical decisions? Readers will naturally assess whether the article’s focus aligns with their interests, either investigative or care-based; whether the findings answer a question relevant to those pursuits; and whether the results are robust enough to serve as a definitive basis for informing their work. In short, readers will be assessing the strength of evidence presented. We might all agree in principle with the notion that the practice of medicine ought to be based on evidence; yet there are situations for which there is little to no evidence, and others for which the evidence is of varying strength. A simple standardized system that can organize the evidence would make such an assessment easier. At Neurology , we are dedicated to bringing our readers the most relevant and sound scientific research, focusing largely although not exclusively on human subjects. We also publish Practice Parameters and Clinical Guidelines that assess the primary literature and allow readers to see a summary of the strengths and limitations of those studies. In turn, those analyses …
PRODUCTIVE RESPONSE AND PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementating 10 g/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae1077 (SC1077) or Saccharomyces boulardii1079 (SB1079) on dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed efficiency (F:G), in vivo digestibility, pH, and rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in rumen liquor, as well as progesterone concentration (P4). Twenty four, six-month old, Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to three treatments (n=8): (T1: Control; T2:10 g/animal/day of SC1077; T3:10 g/animal/day of SB1079). Samples of rumen liquor were taken at 60, 120 and 180 d of the experiment to determine pH and ammonia nitrogen. Determination of in vivo digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF and N was carried out 14 days before the of 60, 120, and 180 d periods. Blood samples were taken to measure P4 concentration. No differences (P > 0.05) were found for DMI, DWG, and F:G from supplementing with S. cerevisiae. Similarly, no differences were reported for rumen pH and rumen NH3-N concentration were not affected (P > 0.05), and in vivo digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF and N (P > 0.05). The P4 concentration was similar (P > 0.05) among the treatments. It is concluded that supplementing Holstein heifers with SC1077 and SB1079 did not improve heifers performance nor modified the progesterone concentration.