Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Dynamic Geometry Software and Physical Manipulatives on Pre-Service Primary Teachers’ Van Hiele Levels and Spatial Abilities

The purpose of the study was to compare the influence of dynamic geometry software activities and influence of the physical manipulatives and drawing activities on the spatial ability and van Hiele levels of pre-service primary school teachers in a geometry course. A quasi-experimental statistical design was used in the study. The participants were 61 pre-service primary teachers in the second year of their undergraduate program in the Department of Elementary Education at Afyon Kocatepe University. A total of 32 pre-service teachers (computer group) were trained in the dynamic geometry based activities and 29 pre-service teachers (physical-drawing group) were trained in the physical manipulative and drawing based activities. In order to determine the two groups of the pre-service teachers’ geometric thinking levels, the van Hiele Geometry Test and in order to determine the two groups of the pre-service teachers’ spatial ability, The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test was used as the pre-test and post-test. The results of the study showed that there was no difference on the post-test of the two groups related to the van Hiele levels and spatial abilities. Moreover, both groups have significantly higher achievement on the post-test compared to the pre-test.
Connection Dynamics in Learning Networks: Games, Agents and Social Network Visualization

This paper addresses the challenge of enhancing social interaction through value-adding connections among the online members of Learning Networks. We report on our exploration of three types of connection dynamics: (1) features enabling network member to visualize and browse through relationship networks, (2) intelligent agents and (3) game dynamics aimed at stimulating the identification and establishment of value-adding connections between people and other people, groups, knowledge assets or relevant community dynamics. We describe here how such dynamics could be embedded in Lifelong Competence Development Networks.
PRIMUS: OBSCURED STAR FORMATION ON THE RED SEQUENCE

We quantify the fraction of galaxies at moderate redshifts (0.1 < z < 0.5) that appear red-and-dead in the optical, but in fact contain obscured star formation detectable in the infrared (IR), with the PRIsm MUlti-object Survey (PRIMUS). PRIMUS has measured ∼120,000 robust redshifts with a precision of σz/(1 + z) ∼ 0.5% over 9.1 deg2 of the sky to the depth of i ∼ 23 (AB), up to redshift z ∼ 1. We specifically targeted 6.7 deg2 fields with existing deep IR imaging from the Spitzer Space Telescope from the SWIRE and S-COSMOS surveys. We select in these fields an i-band flux-limited sample (i < 20 mag in the SWIRE fields and i < 21 mag in the S-COSMOS field) of 3310 red-sequence galaxies at 0.1 < z < 0.5 for which we can reliably classify obscured star-forming (SF) and quiescent galaxies using IR color. Our sample constitutes the largest galaxy sample at intermediate redshift to study obscured star formation on the red sequence, and we present the first quantitative analysis of the fraction of obscured SF galaxies as a function of luminosity. We find that on average, at L ∼ L*, about 15% of red-sequence galaxies have IR colors consistent with SF galaxies. The percentage of obscured SF galaxies increases by ∼8% per mag with decreasing luminosity from the highest luminosities to L ∼ 0.2 L*. Our results suggest that a significant fraction of red-sequence galaxies have ongoing star formation and that galaxy evolution studies based on optical color therefore need to account for this complication.
Control of the flow in the annular region of a shrouded cylinder with splitter plate

In the present study, the flow control with a splitter plate was studied considering the annular region of a shrouded cylinder. The effect of splitter plate angle, α which was defined according to the cylinder centreline is investigated experimentally in deep water using Particle image Velocimetry (PIV) technique and flow visualization by dye injection method. The range of splitter plate angle was selected within 60°≤ α ≤180° with an increment of 30°. The porosity of the shroud which is a perforated cylinder was selected as β=0.7 in order to have larger fluid entrainment through the cylinder. The results were compared with the no-plate case and showed that the splitter plate located in the annular region of shrouded cylinders is effective on reducing the turbulence levels just behind the cylinder base, as well as the near wake of the perforated shroud.
Variations of ionospheric profile parameters during solar maximum and comparison with IRI-2007 over Chung-Li, Taiwan

Abstract. This paper studies the seasonal changes in the diurnal variation of ionospheric bottomside slab thickness (B0), based on observations during high solar activities at the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) area station of Chung-Li (121.1° E, 24.9° N), Taiwan. The data examined in this investigation are derived from ionograms recorded at Chung-Li in 1999, and are compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model values. In our data set B0 shows largest values and biggest changes during the daytime (06:00–12:00 LT) particularly in the summer. Moreover, the diurnal variation of B0 shows an abnormal peak during the pre-sunrise period, especially in the winter. The variation in the F-peak height (hmF2) is related to a thermospheric wind traveling toward the equator, which also enhances B0 during the pre-sunrise period. The results of the comparison with the IRI model show that B0 is overestimated, in both the B0-table and the Gulyaeva option, after noon LT in the equinox (B0-table and Gulyaeva average values for the overestimation are 11 and 47 km, respectively) and summer (B0-table and Gulyaeva average values for the overestimation are 23 and 71 km, respectively) periods. Furthermore, the modeled values are underestimated at approximately 31 and 14 km for the table and Gulyaeva option during the daytime in the winter, respectively. The F2-layer maximum electron density (NmF2) data show reasonably favorable agreement with the model for a high correlation coefficient of approximately 0.97, with the major difference observed at approximately noon in the equinox and winter seasons. Regarding the hmF2 data, the model shows agreement with the observed values, and the largest discrepancy (average value is 39 km) was observed in the summer and the smallest (average value is 11 km) in the equinox season. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion on the relationship among B0, the NmF2 and the hmF2 for geomagnetic storm events.
Detection rate of incidental findings and vestibular schwannomas on magnetic resonance imaging scans investigating unilateral audiovestibular symptoms

Aims: Establishing the rate of detection of vestibular schwannomas and incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging scans of the internal auditory meatus for investigating asymmetrical sensorineural symptoms, and see if there is a difference between types of center investigating these symptoms. Methods: Retrospective review in two trusts, one district general hospital and one tertiary hospital over a two-year period. All primary scans were reviewed. Results: The number of identified scans was 2174. Vestibular schwannomas were diagnosed in 1.7% (n=11) at district general hospital and 1.4% (n=21) at tertiary hospital. Incidental findings more common in tertiary hospital (39.9% vs 24.5% in district general hospital, p=<0.0001), most frequently ischemia (15.8%) and sinus disease (5.2%). Serious incidental findings were detected in 2.4% of scans. No abnormality detected in 1407 scans. Conclusion: The pickup rate was not significantly different between district
A comparison of approaches to spatially explicit modelling of land use/cover change

The process of land use and land cover change is closely related to a wide variety of socio-economic and environmental issues. Functions of land such as food production, housing, industry and habitat are in permanent competition, resulting in an optimal or suboptimal allocation of land use. At the same time, certain land use types are associated with the issue of climate change through carbon sequestration and the emission of trace gasses. Researchers in these issues have developed several approaches to modelling the land use allocation process. As each approach has its own benefits and its specific goal, these approaches need to be given a position in the wide field of land use modelling. This paper describes and compares a number of approaches to the modelling of agricultural land use. A number of economic approaches are described, such as general equilibrium models, discrete choice models and linear programming models and models based on heuristic decision rules. The approaches are compared based on criteria of theoretical foundation and data requirements. Many models tend to be of a highly detailed level, while appropriate data for parameterisation of the model is often not available. We will therefore demonstrate and compare two estimation/modelling approaches with an existing data set that is representative for many spatial data sets based on census data.
Evaluating Nitrogen Efficiencies and Accumulation in Sugar beet (Betavulgaris L.) Under Tape-Drip Irrigation

Improving agricultural input eff iciencies can lead to both decreasing production costs and saving the environment and landscape. Therefore using new irrigating systems that enable fertigation can be a proper alternative for conservative furrow irrigation. With the aim of optimizing land, water and nitrogen use, during previous years in a research farm of KarajIran a trial was carried out under tape-drip irrigation and in strip factorial plot with a randomized complete block arrangement with 2 levels of On-Rows Spacing (14 and 20 cm), 2 levels of Planting Pattern ( 40-60 and 40-50) and 4 levels of Nitrogen (zero (N0), 50 (N1), 75 (N2) and 100 (N3) percent of the fertilizer recommendation for furrow irrigation). Nitrogen accumulation in separate parts of Sugar beet and in the whole plant determined, then Nitrogen Uptake Eff iciency (UPE), Nitrogen Utilization Eff iciency of Sugar and White sugar production (UTEs, UTEws) and Nitrogen Use Eff iciency to produce Sugar and White sugar (NUEs and NUEws) were calculated. A compound analysis wasn’t allowed by Fmax test thus results of each year was analyzed separately. On-rows Spacing levels didn’t show any signif icant differences among studied Traits and Planting Pattern except on a single ground organ and whole plant nitrogen accumulation, UPE and UTE. Nitrogen fertilizer has a signif icant influence on all traits in both years. Based on the results it has been observed that more the nitrogen fertilizer used more the rate of nitrogen accumulation in sugar beets occurred. However, by increasing use of nitrogen fertilizer UPE improved, but UTE and NUE decreased. Abstract
Does retrieval practice depend on semantic cues? Assessing the fuzzy trace account of the testing effect

ABSTRACT Retrieval practice enhances long-term retention more than restudying; a phenomenon called the testing effect. The fuzzy trace explanation predicts that a testing effect will already emerge after a short interval when participants are solely provided with semantic cues in the final test. In the present study, we assessed this explanation by gradually reducing the surface features overlap between cues in the learning phase and the final recognition test. In all five experiments, participants in the control/word condition received as final test cues the same words as in the learning phase. The experimental final test cues consisted of scrambled words, words in a new context, scrambled words in a new context (Experiment 1), synonyms (Experiment 2), or images (Experiments 3, 4a, 4b). A short-term testing effect was only observed for the image final test cues. These results do not provide strong support for the fuzzy trace explanation of the testing effect.
The food pyramid adapted to physically active adolescents as a nutrition education tool

This study aimed to assess the understanding of the Food Pyramid Adapted to Physically Active Adolescents as an educational tool to improve nutrition knowledge. Adolescents engaged in sport training responded to a nutrition knowledge questionnaire before and after the intervention. The pyramid intervention group received the printed educational material, and the broad intervention group received the printed material followed by a lecture. As a result, mean initial nutrition knowledge was average (59.9 ± 18 points), increasing (p<0.001) after the intervention (69.1 ± 20 points) without significant difference between interventions. In conclusion, adolescents’ nutrition knowledge improved, even with the use of the Food Pyramid alone, indicating its use to promote nutritional knowledge.
Seasonal Influence on the Essential Oil Variability of Eugenia dysenterica

A composicao quimica dos oleos essenciais em populacoes cultivadas de Eugenia dysenterica, originadas de sementes obtidas de dois diferentes sitios de amostragem, e coletadas durante o verao e o inverno, indicou a presenca de dois tipos de oleos, de acordo com a origem das sementes e da estacao do ano. O grupo I incluiu somente as amostras oriundas de sementes de Senador Canedo (SC), sejam as coletadas no inverno (subgrupo IA) e caracterizadas pela percentagem elevada de β-pineno (6,6-14%), α-pineno (5,9-13%) e (Z)-β-ocimeno (0-13%), ou aquelas amostras coletadas principalmente no verao (subgrupo IB) e caracterizadas pela percentagem elevada de γ-cadineno (0-33%), limoneno (1,2-28%) e β-pineno (3,2-23%). O grupo II incluiu todas as amostras cultivadas a partir de sementes originadas de Campo Alegre de Goias (CA), independentemente da estacao do ano, cujos constituintes majoritarios foram β-cariofileno (15-74%), δ-cadineno (0-24%) e α-copaeno (0-14%). A correlacao canonica entre as populacoes e as estacoes do ano revelou que α-pineno, (Z)-β-ocimeno, (E)-β-ocimeno e γ-cadineno apresentaram uma forte correlacao com o inverno frio e seco (subgrupo IA), enquanto β-cariofileno, temperatura e precipitacao medias mensais foram relacionados as amostras originadas de sementes de CA coletadas durante o verao quente e umido (grupo II). Os hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpenicos predominaram em todas as populacoes analisadas e a variacao quimica nos oleos essenciais parece ser determinada geneticamente pela origem da semente, em adicao a uma nitida influencia sazonal somente sobre aquelas provenientes de SC. The chemical composition of the essential oils of cultivated Eugenia dysenterica populations, which originated from seeds obtained from two different sites and harvested during summer and winter, have indicated the presence of two oil clusters related to seed origin and season. Cluster I included only samples which originated from seeds from Senador Canedo (SC) collected during winter (subcluster IA) and with high percentages of β-pinene (6.6-14%), α-pinene (5.9-13%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (0-13%), or samples collected mainly in the summer (subcluster IB) and characterized by high contents of γ-cadinene (0-33%), limonene (1.2-28%), and β-pinene (3.2-23%). Cluster II included all the samples cultivated from seeds originating from Campo Alegre de Goias (CA) regardless of the season, which were characterized by high amounts of β-caryophyllene (15-74%), δ-cadinene (0-24%), and α-copaene (0-14%). The canonical correlation between populations and seasons revealed that α-pinene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene, and γ-cadinene present a strong correlation with the cold and dry winter (subcluster IA), whereas β-caryophyllene, temperature, and precipitation were related to samples from CA seed origin during the hot and humid summer (cluster II). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated in all the sampled populations and the observed essential oil chemovariation might be genetically determined by seed origin, in addition to a clear seasonal influence shown only in the samples from SC seeds.
Subdivision shells with exact boundary control and non‐manifold geometry

We introduce several new extensions to subdivision shells that provide an improved level of shape control over shell boundaries and facilitate the analysis of shells with non‐smooth and non‐manifold joints. To this end, extended subdivision schemes are used that enable to relax the continuity of the limit surface along prescribed crease edges and to create surfaces with prescribed limit positions and normals. Furthermore, shells with boundaries in the form of conic sections, such as circles or parabolas, are represented with rational subdivision schemes, which are defined in analogy to rational b‐splines. In terms of implementation, the difference between the introduced and conventional subdivision schemes is restricted to the use of modified subdivision stencils close to the mentioned geometric features. Hence, the resulting subdivision surface is in most parts of the domain identical to standard smooth subdivision surfaces. The particular subdivision scheme used in this paper constitutes an improved version of the original Loop's scheme and is as such based on triangular meshes. As in the original subdivision shells, surfaces created with the modified scheme are used for interpolating the reference and deformed shell configurations. At the integration points, the subdivision surface is evaluated using a newly developed discrete parameterization approach. In the resulting finite elements, the only degrees of freedom are the mid‐surface displacements of the nodes and additional Lagrange parameters for enforcing normal constraints. The versatility of the newly developed elements is demonstrated with a number of geometrically nonlinear shell examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Networking Sites As Tools For Sexual Perversion Among Students Of University Of Nigeria, Nsukka

The use of online social networking tools like blackberry messenger, face book, 2go, Nimbuzz, yahoo messenger, etc, continues to increase rapidly among all age groups and segments of the society, presenting new opportunities for the exchange of sexual information as well as for potentially unsafe encounters. This study using the survey research design and hinged on questionnaires and personal interview as instruments, explored the influence of social networking sites as tools for sexual perversion among students of University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). Anchored on the technological determinism and uses and gratifications theories, the study found out that social networking tools actually contribute to UNN students sexual perversion and that there is an increasing adoption of the use of these tools, especially black berry messenger, 2go and facebook in that order. The study also discovered that majority of the students do not consider contents on these sites as being offensive. The study recommended that the use of SNSs should be regulated and regulators should device ways of detecting, exposing and punishing anybody found exchanging sexually explicit or implicit content or engaging in online sex. Keywords: Sexting, sexual perversion, social networking sites, Online- Offline contact, Nigeria.
Comparative Generic Analysis of Introductions of English and Persian Dentistry Research Articles

The present contrastive study reports a research on a genre analysis of the introduction section of dentistry research articles between English and Persian languages. To this end, 70 introduction sections written in English and Persian and published in wellknown leading journals were examined and analyzed using Swales’ (2004) classification of moves and steps in introduction sections. Frequency and Chi-square test were used to examine the differences between the two corpora of introduction sections. The analysis of the introduction sections shows that Move 1 step 1 “claiming centrality”, Move 2 step 1a “counter-claiming” and Move 3.1 “Announcing present research descriptively and/or purposively” are the most frequently used moves in English and Persian corpora. Moreover, the findings show that the majority of research articles across the two corpora opened with Move 1.1 “Claiming centrality”. Also, results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in certain moves between English and Persian introduction sections.
How Stock Price Informativeness Can Affect Labor Investment Efficiency

In this paper, we examine whether managers use information included in stock prices when making labor investment decisions. Specifically, we examine whether stock price informativeness affects labor investment efficiency. We find that a higher probability of informed trading (PIN) is associated with lower deviations of labor investment from the level justified by economic fundamentals i.e., higher labor investment efficiency. This finding is robust to using alternative proxies for stock price informativeness and labor investment efficiency, when we control for earnings quality and mispricing, and when we address endogeneity issues. Furthermore, we examine how the impact of stock price informativeness on labor investment efficiency depends on labor union and financial constraints. Particularly, we find stock price informativeness helps mitigating the adverse effects of labor union and financial constraints on labor investment, respectively. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of information included in stock prices for the investment in human capital.
THE IMPACT OF AVIAN INSECTIVORY ON ARTHROPODS AND LEAF DAMAGE IN SOME GUATEMALAN COFFEE PLANTATIONS

Experimental work has established that vertebrates can have a large impact on the abundance of arthropods in temperate forest and grasslands, as well as on tropical islands. The importance of vertebrate insectivory has only rarely been evaluated for mainland tropical ecosystems. In this study, we used exclosures to measure the impact of birds on arthropods in Guatemalan coffee plantations. Variation in shade management on coffee farms provides a gradient of similar habitats that vary in the complexity of vegetative structure and floristics. We hypothesized that shaded coffee plantations, which support a higher abundance of insectivorous birds, would experience relatively greater levels of predation than would the sun coffee farms. We found a reduction (64–80%) in the number of large (> 5 mm in length) but not small arthropods in both coffee types which was consistent across most taxonomic groups and ecological guilds. We also found a small but significant increase in the frequency of herbivore damage on leaves in the exclosures. This level of predation suggests that birds may help in reducing herbivore numbers and is also consistent with food limitation for birds in coffee agroecosystems. However, the presence of shade did not have an effect on levels of insectivory.