Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Husserl's Relapse? Concerning a Fregean Challenge to Phenomenology

An influential interpretation of phenomenology construes Husserl's project as an attempt to generalize the Fregean notion of sense- an attempt to extend Frege's analysis of the structure of meaningful expressions to a more general account of the structure of meaning in experience . Michael Dummett has articulated a broadly Fregean critique of this Husserlian program, arguing that the project is misguided and retrograde-a relapse into the psychologism and idealism that Frege sought to avoid. A defense of Husserl is offered, based in part on key elements of the theory of meaning articulated in his Logical Investigations . But the main aim is neither to acquit nor to convict Husserl of Dummett's charges; rather it is to use the exchange to investigate some of the philosophical commitments of a broadly Husserlian phenomenology. If we are to understand how Husserl avoids psychologism then we must come to terms with the paradoxical idea of an anti-psychologistic investigation of consciousness (an anti-psycholog.
An evolutionary change in telomere sequence motif within the plant section Asparagales had significance for telomere nucleoprotein complexes

In association with a phylogenetic tree of Asparagales, our previous results showed that a distinct clade included plant species where the ancestral, Arabidopsis-type of telomeric repeats (TTTAGGG)n had been partially, or fully, replaced by the human-type telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n. Telomerases of these species synthesize human repeats with a high error rate in vitro. Here we further characterize the structure of telomeres in these plants by analyzing the overall arrangement of major and minor variants of telomeric repeats using fluorescence in situ hybridization on extended DNA strand(s). Whilst the telomeric array is predominantly composed of the human variant of the repeat, the ancestral, Arabidopsis-type of telomeric repeats was ubiquitously observed at one of the ends and/or at intercalary positions of extended telomeric DNAs. Another variant of the repeat typical of Tetrahymena was observed interspersed in about 20% of telomerics. Micrococcal nuclease digestions indicated that Asparagales plants with a human-type of telomere have telomeric DNA organised into nucleosomes. However, unexpectedly, the periodicity of the nucleosomes is not significantly shorter than bulk chromatin as is typical of telomeric chromatin. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays we detected in Asparagales plants with a human type of telomere a 40-kDa protein that forms complexes with both Arabidopsis- and human-type G-rich telomeric strands. However, the protein shows a higher affinity to the ancestral Arabidopsis-type sequence. Two further proteins were found, a 25-kDa protein that binds specifically to the ancestral sequence and a 15-kDa protein that binds to the human-type telomeric repeat. We discuss how the organisation of the telomere repeats in Asparagales may have arisen and stabilised the new telomere at the point of mutation.
Role of Bone morphogenetic protein 4 in zebrafish semicircular canal development

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to play roles in inner ear development of higher vertebrates. In zebrafish, there are several reports showing that members of the BMP family are expressed in the otic vesicle. We have isolated a novel zebrafish mutant gallery, which affects the development of the semicircular canal. Gallery merely forms the lateral and the immature anterior protrusion, and does not form posterior and ventral protrusions. We found that the expression of bmp2b and bmp4, both expressed in the normal optic vesicle at the protrusion stage, are extremely upregulated in the otic vesicle of gallery. To elucidate the role of BMPs in the development of the inner ear of zebrafish, we have applied excess BMP to the wild‐type otic vesicle. The formation of protrusions was severely affected, and in some cases, they were completely lost in BMP4‐treated embryos. Furthermore, the protrusions in gallery treated with Noggin were partially rescued. These data indicate that BMP4 plays an important role in the development of protrusions to form semicircular canals.
UVES and X-Shooter spectroscopy of the emission line AM CVn systems GP Com and V396 Hya

We present time-resolved spectroscopy of the AM CVn-type binaries GP Com and V396 Hya obtained with VLT/X-Shooter and VLT/UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). We fully resolve the narrow central components of the dominant helium lines and determine radial velocity semi-amplitudes of K_(spike) = 11.7 ± 0.3 km s^(−1) for GP Com and K_(spike) = 5.8 ± 0.3 km s^(−1) for V396 Hya. The mean velocities of the narrow central components show variations from line to line. Compared to calculated line profiles that include Stark broadening we are able to explain the displacements, and the appearance of forbidden helium lines, by additional Stark broadening of emission in a helium plasma with an electron density n_e ≃ 5 × 10^(15) cm^(−3). More than 30 nitrogen and more than 10 neon lines emission lines were detected in both systems. Additionally, 20 nitrogen absorption lines are only seen in GP Com. The radial velocity variations of these lines show the same phase and velocity amplitude as the central helium emission components. The small semi-amplitude of the central helium emission component, the consistency of phase and amplitude with the absorption components in GP Com as well as the measured Stark effect shows that the central helium emission component, the so-called central-spike, is consistent with an origin on the accreting white dwarf. We use the dynamics of the bright spot and the central-spike to constrain the binary parameters for both systems and find a donor mass of 9.6–42.8 M_(Jupiter) for GP Com and 6.1–30.5 M_(Jupiter) for V396 Hya. We find an upper limit for the rotational velocity of the accretor of v_(rot) < 46 km s^(−1) for GP Com and v_(rot) < 59 km s^(−1) for V396 Hya which excludes a fast rotating accretor in both systems.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Switzerland

In 1993 and 1994, 10 microbiological laboratories in Switzerland collected 351 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from invasive infections. Susceptibilities to the main representatives of the chemical classes were as follows: penicillin, 93%; chloramphenicol, 92%; erythromycin, 94%; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 86%; tetracycline, 92%; vancomycin, 100%. Forty-three strains showed resistance to one agent, and 35 strains showed resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents simultaneously; i.e., 22% of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Four strains (1%) were fully resistant to penicillin, whereas 21 strains (6%) showed reduced susceptibility. Of these 25 strains not fully susceptible to penicillin, 10 were resistant to one, 3 were resistant to two, and 8 were resistant to three additional antimicrobial agents. Of the quinolones, sparfloxacin was the most active substance, with an MIC at which 90% of the strains are inhibited of 0.5 mg/liter. The most common serotypes were types 6 (13.6% of isolates), 7 (10.5%), 19 (10.5%), 14 (9.1%), and 1 (8.5%) as well as 3 and 23 (8.0% each). Reduced susceptibility to penicillin was found mainly among serotypes 6, 14, 19, and 23. The currently available 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine covers 320 (91%) of the pneumococci isolated. Regional differences within Switzerland with regard to serotypes and antimicrobial resistance were not observed.
Synovial lymphoid neogenesis does not define a specific clinical rheumatoid arthritis phenotype.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between lymphoid neogenesis in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and characteristics of inflammation and disease severity. METHODS Arthroscopic synovial biopsy was performed in 103 patients with active RA (Disease Activity Score 28-joint assessment >or=3.2) who had not received treatment with biologic agents. Sections were stained and assessed by digital image analysis. Lymphocyte aggregates were counted and graded for size (1-3). Synovial lymphoid neogenesis was defined as the presence of grade 2 or 3 aggregates and subclassified based on the presence of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). RESULTS Lymphoid neogenesis was present in 31% of the RA synovial tissues, whereas an additional 25% contained only grade 1 aggregates. FDCs were present in 28% of the samples with lymphoid neogenesis, corresponding to 8% of the total RA cohort. Histologically, synovia with lymphoid neogenesis showed increased infiltration by T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and lymphotoxin beta compared with samples without lymphoid neogenesis. Patients with lymphoid neogenesis also had higher C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and leukocyte and thrombocyte counts, but exhibited no increase in the severity of clinical signs and symptoms. Of importance, there was no relationship between the presence of lymphoid neogenesis and IgM rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. The presence of lymphocyte aggregates with FDCs did not define a specific clinical phenotype compared with lymphocyte aggregates without FDCs. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that synovial lymphoid neogenesis is associated with more severe synovial and systemic inflammation, but this is not confined to a specific clinical subset of RA.
Child maltreatment and trajectories of personality and behavioral functioning: Implications for the development of personality disorder

Abstract This study investigated the longitudinal impact of maltreatment parameters on personality processes and maladjustment and prospective relationships between personality trajectory classes and subsequent maladjustment outcomes. The sample involved maltreated (n = 249) and nonmaltreated (n = 200) children followed longitudinally between ages 6 and 10. Growth mixture modeling indicated multifinality in personality development depending on the risk status (i.e., maltreated vs. nonmaltreated). Two trajectory classes of ego resiliency were identified for maltreated children: those who showed a declining trajectory exhibited greater maladjustment. In contrast, three trajectory classes of ego control were identified for nonmaltreated children; the subgroups showing increases in ego undercontrol or dramatic changes from high ego undercontrol to high ego overcontrol exhibited poor adjustment. Experiencing multiple maltreatment subtypes and physical/sexual abuse were related to higher levels of ego undercontrol and externalizing symptomatology, whereas early onset of maltreatment was associated with the low and decreasing trajectory of ego resiliency and higher levels of internalizing symptomatology. The findings suggest that ego resiliency and ego control, personality processes related to self-regulation, may be important factors in identifying distinct pathways to later personality disorders as well as pathways to resilient functioning.
Preparation of Multiparticulate Vaginal Tablet Using Glyceryl Monooleate for Sustained Progesterone Delivery

Most of the sustained release vaginal formulations are in the form of bioadhesive gels and tablets. Though proved efficient, their presence in the vagina for a longer time as a bulk produces discomfort and interference with body functioning including sexual activities. Hence, they lack complete patient compliance. In this study, multiparticulate vaginal tablets were prepared by utilizing progesterone (PRO) loaded dry powder precursor of cubic phase (DPPCP) of glyceryl monooleate (GMO). DPPCP were obtained by spray drying GMO with magnesium trisilicate (MTS) and have presented PRO sustained release in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) for 14 hours. The effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic tableting excipients on compression, phase, bioadhesion and drug release properties of prepared tablets was evaluated. The effervescent hydrophilic tablet (EHT) prepared with hydrophilic excipients showed rapid disintegration but, diminished sustaining ability owing to transformation into lamellar phase whereas the multiparticulate hydrophobic tablet (MHT) obtained from hydrophobic excipients presented both rapid disintegration and sustained release in SVF by virtue of cubic phase retention. During bioadhesivity testing, fast disintegration of MHT with formation of uniform and viscous bioadhesive layer on cow mucosa was observed even with a small volume of SVF. As MHT may not produce discomfort and interference, it will be preferred over bioadhesive gel or tablet.
Mite-Mediated Hyperphoretic Dispersal of Ophiostoma spp. from the Infructescences of South African Protea spp.

ABSTRACT Ophiostomatoid fungi are well known as economically important pathogens and agents of timber degradation. A unique assemblage of these arthropod-associated organisms including species of Gondwanamyces G. J. Marais and M. J. Wingf. , and Ophiostoma Syd. and P. Syd. occur in the floral heads (infructescences) of Protea L. species in South Africa. It has recently been discovered that Ophiostoma found in Protea flower-heads are vectored by mites (Acarina) including species of: Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fonzago, Proctolaelaps Berlese, and Trichouropoda Berlese. It is, however, not known how the mites carry the fungi between host plants. In this study, we consider two possible modes of mite dispersal. These include self-dispersal between infructescences and dispersal through insect vectors. Results showed that, as infructescences desiccate, mites self-disperse to fresh moist infructescences. Long-range dispersal is achieved through a phoretic association with three beetle species: Genuchus hottentottus (F.), Trichostetha fascicularis L. , and T. capensis L. The long-range, hyperphoretic dispersal of O. splendens G. J. Marais and M. J. Wingf. and O. phasma Roets et al. seemed effective, because their hosts were colonized during the first flowering season 3–4 yr after fire.
Supplemental myo-Inositol Prevents L-Fucose–Induced Diabetic Neuropathy

Nerve myo-inositol depletion, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute experimental diabetic neuropathy, can be reproduced in normal rats by feeding diets enriched in L-fucose, a competitive inhibitor of sodium-dependent myo-inositol transport. Previously, we reported that L-fucose feeding for 6 weeks reproduces the effect of experimental diabetes on nerve Na+-K+-ATPase activity and conduction velocity, which can be prevented by simultaneous dietary myo-inositol supplementation. To further validate this model of myo-inositol depletion, we examined the effects of long-term (24-week) L-fucose feeding and dietary myo-inositol supplementation on nerve Na+-K+-ATPase, nerve conduction velocity, and myelinated nerve fiber pathology. After 24 weeks of L-fucose enriched (10 or 20%) diets, nerve myo-inositol levels and Na+-K+-ATPase activity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and were associated with a 25-30% reduction in nerve conduction velocity, all of which were completely prevented by 1% dietary myo-inositol. Twenty percent L-fucose diet resulted in significant axonal atrophy, paranodal swelling (P < 0.001), and paranodal demyelination (P < 0.005), without increasing Wallerian degeneration or nerve fiber loss, a pattern qualitatively similar to that seen in early murine diabetic neuropathy. Dietary myo-inositol supplementation prevented these structural changes and increased nodal remyelination, supporting a role of myo-inositol depletion in the genesis of early diabetic neuropathy. The L-fucose model system may therefore serve as an experimental tool to elucidate the pathophysiological role of isolated myo-inositol depletion and its consequences in the multifactorial pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
The effects of interpersonal and personal agency on perceived control and psychological well-being in adulthood.

A theoretical model that links social support with global beliefs in primary control and provides a developmental perspective on how normative age-related changes alter control beliefs was examined with data from 482 adults aged 18 to 93. Generalized belief in primary control was hypothesized to have a direct positive effect on psychological well-being and to arise from two distinct sources: (a) interpersonal agency (obtaining positive ends through interactions with others) and (b) personal agency (achieving desired outcomes on one's own behalf). Age was believed to affect both types of agency indirectly as a result of age-related changes in physical health and emotional support. Although physical health was presumed to have a direct positive effect on psychological well-being, the effect of emotional support on well-being was mediated by interpersonal agency and perceived primary control. Structural equation modeling analyses with the EQS 5.4 program revealed good model fit (goodness-of-fit index = .98, comparative fit index = .94, root mean square residual [RMR] = .02, standardized RMR = .05, root mean square error of approximation = .06) after a negative direct path from age to generalized beliefs in primary control was added to the a priori model.
Inhibition of synovial hyperplasia, rheumatoid T cell activation, and experimental arthritis in mice by sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, regulates synoviocyte hyperplasia and T cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Synoviocyte survival was assessed by MTT assay. The levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and pAkt were determined by Western blot analysis. Cytokine concentrations in culture supernatants from mononuclear cells were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The in vivo effects of SFN were examined in mice with experimentally induced arthritis. RESULTS SFN induced synoviocyte apoptosis by modulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax, p53, and pAkt. In addition, nonapoptotic doses of SFN inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) by RA CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. Anti-CD3 antibody-induced increases in the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammat and T-bet were also repressed by SFN. Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of SFN to mice suppressed the clinical severity of arthritis induced by injection of type II collagen (CII), the anti-CII antibody levels, and the T cell responses to CII. The production of IL-17, TNFalpha, IL-6, and interferon-gamma by lymph node cells and spleen cells from these mice was markedly reduced by treatment with SFN. Anti-CII antibody-induced arthritis in mice was also alleviated by SFN injection. CONCLUSION SFN was found to inhibit synovial hyperplasia, activated T cell proliferation, and the production of IL-17 and TNFalpha by rheumatoid T cells in vitro. The antiarthritic and immune regulatory effects of SFN, which were confirmed in vivo, suggest that SFN may offer a possible treatment option for RA.
Trends in embryo-transfer practice and in outcomes of the use of assisted reproductive technology in the United States.

BACKGROUND During the past decade in the United States, increasing attention has been paid to lowering the incidence of multiple gestations resulting from the use of assisted reproductive technology. To determine whether such efforts have been successful, we assessed national trends in embryo-transfer practice patterns and in outcomes after the use of assisted reproductive technology. METHODS We analyzed data on outcomes of assisted reproductive technology procedures as reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1995 to 2001 by fertility clinics in the United States. We also analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics on the rates of twin births and triplet or higher-order multiple births. RESULTS From 1995 to 2001 in the United States, the number of infertility clinics, the number of fresh-embryo cycles initiated, and the number of fresh-embryo transfers increased steadily. The average number of embryos transferred per cycle began decreasing in 1997, with the steepest decline (an 11.1 percent decrease) between 1998 and 1999. In contrast, the number of pregnancies and live births per cycle during the period from 1995 to 2001 steadily increased. Even though the percentage of pregnancies with twins did not change significantly between 1997 and 2001, the percentage of pregnancies with three or more fetuses significantly decreased every year, with the steepest decline (a 20.8 percent decrease) between 1998 and 1999, after the publication in 1998 of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine guidelines for embryo transfer. CONCLUSIONS Since 1997 in the United States, there have been consistent decreases in both the number of embryos transferred per cycle and the percentage of pregnancies with three or more fetuses, as well as a consistent increase in the percentage of live births per cycle.
Butyl 4-(4-methylbenzenesulfonamido)benzoate

In the title compound, C18H21NO4S, the aromatic rings are almost normal to each other, with a dihedral angle of 89.27 (18)°. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular C—H⋯O interaction, which generates an S(6) motif. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of chains propagating along [010]. Neighbouring chains are linked via a C—H⋯π interaction. The –CH2CH2CH3 atoms of the butyl group are disordered over two sets of sites, with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.536 (16):0.464 (16).
Prevalence and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Rectal Swab of Apparently Healthy Cattle in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Cattle are considered as one of the sources of pathogenic E. coli worldwide. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and identification of the E. coli isolated from rectal swab of apparently healthy cattle in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 128 rectal swab samples were assessed by cultural, morphological and biochemical examination followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers ECO-1 and ECO-2 that are specific for E. coli 16S rRNA gene. Data obtained from this study were analyzed based on the age, sex, breed and management systems of cattle. This study revealed a 75% prevalence of E. coli in the rectal swab of cattle. Higher prevalence was found in female cattle of unorganized farming systems, and in cattle ≥3 years of age. From this study, it may be concluded that, irrespective of age, sex, breed and management system, E. coli is prevailing in the rectal swab of apparently healthy cattle.
Novel Localization of a Na+/H+ Exchanger in a Late Endosomal Compartment of Yeast

Na+/H+ exchangers catalyze the electrically silent countertransport of Na+and H+, controlling the transmembrane movement of salt, water, and acid-base equivalents, and are therefore critical for Na+ tolerance, cell volume control, and pH regulation. In contrast to numerous well studied plasma membrane isoforms (NHE1–4), much less is known about intracellular Na+/H+ exchangers, and thus far no vertebrate isoform has been shown to have an exclusively endosomal distribution. In this context, we show that the yeast NHE homologue, Nhx1 (Nass, R., Cunningham, K. W., and Rao, R. (1997) J. Biol. Chem.272, 26145–26152), localizes uniquely to prevacuolar compartments, equivalent to late endosomes of animal cells. In living yeast, we show that these compartments closely abut the vacuolar membrane in a striking bipolar distribution, suggesting that vacuole biogenesis occurs at distinct sites. Nhx1 is the founding member of a newly emergent cluster of exchanger homologues, from yeasts, worms, and humans that may share a common intracellular localization. By compartmentalizing Na+, intracellular exchangers play an important role in halotolerance; furthermore, we hypothesize that salt and water movement into vesicles may regulate vesicle volume and pH and thus contribute to vacuole biogenesis.