Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What impact has the introduction of a synoptic report for rectal cancer had on reporting outcomes for specialist gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal pathologists?

CONTEXT Synoptic pathology reports increase the completeness of reporting for colorectal cancer. Despite the perceived superiority of specialist reporting, service demands dictate that general pathologists report colorectal cancer specimens in many centers. OBJECTIVE To determine differences in the completeness of rectal cancer reporting between specialist gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal pathologists in both the narrative and synoptic formats. DESIGN Pathology reports from rectal cancer resections performed between 1997 and 2008 were reviewed. A standardized, synoptic report was formally introduced in 2001. Reports were assessed for completeness according to 10 mandatory elements from the College of American Pathologists checklist. RESULTS Overall, synoptic reports (n = 315) were more complete than narrative reports (n = 183) for TNM stage, distance to the circumferential radial margin, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, extramural venous invasion, perineural invasion, and regional deposits (all P < .01). Compared with those by nonspecialist pathologists, narrative reports by gastrointestinal pathologists were more complete for lymphovascular invasion (59.3% versus 35.9%, P = .02) and extramural venous invasion (70.4% versus 35.9%, P = .001), but there was no difference in completeness once a synoptic report was adopted. Gastrointestinal pathologists tended to report the presence of extramural venous invasion more frequently in both the narrative (18.5% versus 5.1%, P = .01) and synoptic formats (25.5% versus 14.6%, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Completeness of reporting, irrespective of subspecialist interest, was dramatically increased by the use of a synoptic report. Improvements in completeness were most pronounced among nongastrointestinal pathologists, enabling them to attain a level of report completeness comparable to that of gastrointestinal pathologists. Further studies are required to determine whether there are actual discrepancies in the detection of prognostic features between specialist gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal pathologists.
Potassium in the Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Berry: Transport and Function

K+ is the most abundant cation in the grape berry. Here we focus on the most recent information in the long distance transport and partitioning of K+ within the grapevine and postulate on the potential role of K+ in berry sugar accumulation, berry water relations, cellular growth, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and mitigating senescence. By integrating information from several different plant systems we have been able to generate new hypotheses on the integral functions of this predominant cation and to improve our understanding of how these functions contribute to grape berry growth and ripening. Valuable contributions to the study of K+ in membrane stabilization, turgor maintenance and phloem transport have allowed us to propose a mechanistic model for the role of this cation in grape berry development.
HIV-1 pol replication capacity predicts disease progression

Objective:To determine the influence of pol replication capacity on the natural history of HIV-1 infection. Design:Pol replication capacity was measured using a recombinant virus single cycle assay on baseline plasma specimens from subjects enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. Setting:Children and adolescents with hemophilia and HIV-1 infection were enrolled at multiple sites across the USA into a natural history study. Participants:The Hemophilia Growth and Development Study enrolled 207 HIV-1-infected hemophiliacs between 6 and 19 years of age in 1989 and 1990. Subjects were followed every 6 months through 1997 with pol replication capacity measurements available from 128 of the subjects. Main outcome measures:A univariate model defined the relationship between pol replication capacity and HIV-1 RNA and CD4 T-cell number. A random effects model assessed the ability of this measure to predict CD4 T-cell decline over time and a Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier analyses defined how it predicts clinical progression. Results:Pol replication capacity measures correlated with baseline HIV-1 RNA, R2 = 0.189 (P = 0.03) and CD4 T-cell number, −0.197 (P = 0.03). It also independently predicted CD4 T-cell decline over time and progression to AIDS. Conclusions:This study demonstrates that pol replication capacity independently influences the natural history of HIV-1 infection.
A study on Google searches in banking

This paper examines the determinants of Google search in the banking area . The weekly Goog le data from 2004 to 2013 used for this study consists of the 30 largest banks, the Federal Reserve , and the European Central Bank. To my knowledge , this is the first study on the determinants of Google data . Firstly the paper shows that Google searches ar e correlated with several performance variables and market data, such as asset prices and trading volume. Secondly it demonstrates that bank s' internal performance data ha s a major influence whereas market data is rather insignificant. Moreover it is shown that Google search for central banks is largely determined by the level of interest rates a s well as the inflation and output gap. This is evidence that central bank attention is primarily driven by the policy targets. Accordingly Google data can be appli ed to analyze the timely impact of monetary policy.
Remittances and their Impact for the Czech Economy

Migration of population has been a significant feature of the international economy for a long time. It is an important source of income, foreign exchange and workforce for a large number of economies. The most studies dealing with the international migration consider it as efficient instrument for developing countries, because inflow of money (through remittances) has a positive impact on their economy. However, on the other hand, economically developed countries are threatened by outflow of money abroad. From this perspective, remittances may have negative consequences on the economy. This issue connected with remittances is very often neglected. The Czech Republic and most developed European countries are the immigration countries. It means that many foreigners come here because of work or study, especially from non-EU countries. The paper focuses on rarely discussed issues of migration standing on the border between demographics and economic statistics. It deals with positive and negative aspects of labour immigration with the specific focus on foreigners´ behaviour - incomes, expenditures, savings and remittances. It is aimed to determine specific impact of migration and remittances on the economy of the Czech Republic.
Shave Excision of Common Acquired Melanocytic Nevi: Cosmetic Outcome, Recurrences, and Complications

Background Surgical treatment of benign melanocytic lesions demands the application of simple and effective surgical techniques with the possibility of performing a histopathologic examination with an acceptable cosmetic outcome. However, recurrence rates and the cosmetic result should be taken into account because the main reason for these lesions to be removed is the patient's cosmetic improvement. The present study evaluates the results obtained by shave excision of benign pigmented lesions in terms of cosmetic outcome, recurrence rates, and complications from both a subjective and an objective point of view. Discussion An acceptable cosmetic result, along with a low rate of recurrence, should be the aim of the surgical treatment of benign melanocytic lesions. The results obtained in this series allow us to provide more detailed and accurate information regarding the outcome and complications expected. Material and Methods Shave excision of common acquired melanocytic nevi was performed. The patients were reviewed 3 months after surgery to evaluate the objective and subjective cosmetic results, recurrences, and postsurgical complications. Results Over a 12-week period, 204 common acquired melanocytic nevi were shaved. Objective evaluation revealed excellent results in one-third (32.8%) of the lesions excised, with a poor result in 8.3%. The likelihood of having an imperceptible scar was significantly greater in lesions excised from the face (p < .05). Ninety-eight percent of patients (n = 192) declared that “the scar looked better than the original mole. ” Clinical and dermatoscopic recurrences were observed in 40 scars (19.6%).
An Analysis of Bayesian Classifiers

In this paper we present an average-case analysis of the Bayesian classifier, a simple induction algorithm that fares remarkably well on many learning tasks. Our analysis assumes a monotone conjunctive target concept, and independent, noise-free Boolean attributes. We calculate the probability that the algorithm will induce an arbitrary pair of concept descriptions and then use this to compute the probability of correct classification over the instance space. The analysis takes into account the number of training instances, the number of attributes, the distribution of these attributes, and the level of class noise. We also explore the behavioral implications of the analysis by presenting predicted learning curves for artificial domains, and give experimental results on these domains as a check on our reasoning.
Ferromagnetic Resonance of Disordered FePt Thin Films

FePt ferromagnetic polycrystalline thin films of equiatomic composition deposited on oxidized Si (100) substrates have been studied as a function of film thickness by means of dc magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Films in the as-deposited state have a moderate texture along the [111] direction as confirmed by X-ray diffraction experiments. In-plane magnetic hysteresis loops show an increasing coercive filed and a decreasing remanent magnetization when the film thickness increases from 10 to 100 nm. Thicker films (t= 60 and 100 nm) reverse magnetization in a two step process, characteristic of samples that present stripe-like magnetic domains. Ferromagnetic resonance in thinner films (which have an almost square hysteresis loop) is characterized by a single resonance line related to the uniform precession of the magnetization, which correlates well with the static magnetic measurements. The two thicker films show an additional resonance line when the magnetic field is applied at, or very close to, the film plane normal. This line is shifted to lower fields from the main resonance by 400-700 Oe and is observed at both X and Q-bands with a field separation that depends on film thickness. These additional resonances, can be originated in the presence of standing spin waves in the thicker films which could not be observed in the thinner ones.
Changes in Consumption at Retirement: Evidence from Panel Data

Abstract Previous empirical literature has found a sharp decline in consumption during the first years of retirement, implying that individuals do not save enough for their retirement. This phenomenon is called the retirement consumption puzzle. We find no evidence of the retirement consumption puzzle using panel data from 1980 to 2000. Consumption is defined as nondurable expenditure, a more comprehensive measure than only food used in many of the previous studies. We find that food expenditure declines at retirement, which is consistent with previous studies.
Oral supplementation with branched‐chain amino acid granules prevents hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with hepatitis C‐related cirrhosis: A propensity score analysis

It has been reported that branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation can improve nutritional status and reduce liver‐related complications in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. BCAA supplementation reportedly reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in obese cirrhotic patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We investigated the effects of oral supplementation with BCAA granules on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis using propensity score matching.
Population genetic structure of the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) in the western Atlantic: DNA microsatellite variation

DNA microsatellite markers were used to characterize the population genetic structure of the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris, in the western Atlantic. This study demonstrates for the first time the usefulness of microsatellites to study population genetic structure and mating systems in the Chondricthyes. Lemon sharks (mostly juveniles) were sampled non‐destructively from four locations, Gullivan Bay and Marquesas Key in Florida, Bimini, Bahamas, and Atol das Rocas, Brazil. At least 545 individuals were genotyped at each of four dinucleotide loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 19 to 43, and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. Relatively little genetic structure was found in the western Atlantic, with small but significant values for estimators of FST and RST among populations, θ (0.016) and ρ (0.026), respectively. No sharp discontinuities were found between the Caribbean sites and Brazil, and most alleles were found at all four sites, indicating that gene flow occurs throughout the western Atlantic with no evidence for distinct stocks.
Oxidative stress in non-small cell lung cancer: Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and glutathione

Background. Cigarette smoke is strongly associated with NSCLC, but the carcinogenesis of NSCLC is poorly understood. Methods. To discover the role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defense in NSCLC, we measured NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, myeloperoxidase activity, 8-OHdG, and glutathione content from lung specimens. These came from 32 patients: 22 NSCLC patients and ten controls without cancer. Results. In NSCLC patients, NOX activity was significantly higher both in the malignant (p = 0.001) and non-malignant (p = 0.044) samples from NSCLC patients, than in the control specimens. Myeloperoxidase activity was lower (p = 0.001) and glutathione content (p = 0.009) higher in malignant tissue. No significant difference was observable in 8-OHdG content between patient groups. Conclusions. Increase in NOX activity in the malignant tissues was independent of smoking history and myeloperoxidase activity, suggesting its independent role in NSCLC pathogenesis.
Severe Hyponatremia, Hyperglycemia, and Hyperlactatemia Are Associated with Intraoperative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion with Oxaliplatin

Background Since the introduction of surgical debulking in combination with intraoperative hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin in our institution, severe hyponatremia (sodium: 126.5 ± 3.8 mmol/L), hyperglycemia (glucose: 22.37 ± 4.89 mmol/L), and hyperlactatemia (lactate: 3.17 ± 1.8 mmol/L) have been observed post HIPEC. This metabolic disorder was not observed in patients in whom cisplatin or mitomycin C was used as a chemotherapeutic drug. Methods In order to understand the pathophysiology of this finding, an analysis of our data was made. In a first analysis, plasma sodium was corrected for hyperglycemia based on the formula of Hillier. In a second analysis, the influence of total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium, and total body water on plasma sodium concentration was modeled. Results Analysis of our data revealed a double mechanism for the observed metabolic disorder: hyperglycemia caused by dextrose 5%, which is used as a carrier for the oxaliplatin, and major loss of sodium into the dialysate (256.7 ± 68.7 mmol). Conclusion Better control of hyperglycemia and intravenous compensation of sodium loss into the dialysate can attenuate the reported biochemical disturbance.
[A preliminary study of the administration of carbapenem antibiotics in sepsis patients on the basis of the administration time].

UNLABELLED It is important to take into consideration the duration for which the plasma concentration of the drug is higher than the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration during treatment with carbapenem antibiotics, because the antibiotics are time-dependent drugs. A preliminary study of the administration of carbapenem antibiotics on the basis of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) was conducted. SUBJECTS Ten patients with intraabdominal infection. METHODS The patients were divided into two groups: the first group was assigned to administration of a carbapenem antibiotic (meropenem) at a daily dose of 0.5 g in 3 divided doses, each dose by intravenous infusion over 3 hours (Group 3 H), and the other group was assigned to administration of each dose over 30 minutes (Group 30 M). The body temperature (BT), white blood cell count (WBC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and the systemic inflammatory reactive syndrome (SIRS) score before and 96 hours after the drug administration were compared between Group 3 H and Group 30 M. RESULTS There were 5 patients (mean age, 67.4+/-14.6 years) in Group 3H and 5 patients (mean age, 60.0+/-12.8 years) in Group 30 M. The evaluated parameters (BT, WBC, CRP, SIRS score) before the drug administration in Groups 3 H and 30M were not significant. Group 3 H showed significant decreases in the SIRS scores at 96 hours after the drug administration, however, there were no significant differences in the BT, WBC or CRP between the two groups. DISCUSSION Group 3 H showed early improvement in the SIRS scores. Administration of carbapenem antibiotics based on the PK/PD is important, and requires further studies.
Ethnic cleavages and electoral volatility in Latin America

Latin America has been plagued by electoral volatility in the last few decades. A recent study found that "more than two-thirds of the Latin American countries expe rienced more electoral volatility than the most volatile European democracy. "1 Electoral volatility, which is measured as the net shift in votes (or seats) between parties from one election to another, may undermine democratic governance and economic growth by creating political and economic uncertainty.2 Thus, it causes considerable concern to both democratic theorists and economic planners.3 What is the source of electoral volatility within Latin America? What contribu tion, if any, do ethnic voting patterns in the region make to this volatility? A variety of studies on electoral volatility in other regions have argued that ethnic diversity tends to reduce electoral volatility because in ethnically diverse polities voters will consistently vote for the party that represents their ethnic group. Bartolini and Mair, for example, find that ethnolinguistic diversity has reduced electoral volatility in western Europe, and Birnir shows that ethnic diversity has similarly stabilized elec toral preferences in new democracies around the world.4 Surprisingly, however, stud ies of electoral volatility in Latin America have not examined the impact of ethnic diversity on electoral volatility but have focused instead on economic and institu tional causes.5 The ethnic composition of societies in Latin America has significantly influenced electoral volatility, but not in the way that Bartolini and Mair and other studies of electoral volatility would predict. Electoral volatility has tended to be higher in areas with proportionally large indigenous populations, largely because the major parties in these countries have failed to address the needs and demands of the indigenous. Indigenous voters have consequently shifted their votes away from these parties and toward unstable new parties. Studies of indigenous political participation in Latin America have paid relatively little attention to the electoral behavior of the indigenous and its impact on party sys tems. Most have focused instead on the emergence of indigenous social movements.6 One important exception is a study by Van Cott, which found an inverse bivariate correlation between the proportion of the population that is indigenous and the degree of party system institutionalization in the region.7 She argues that this corre
Understanding the NEET in Turkey

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, drawing on data from the Household Labor Force Surveys over the period 2004-2013, it examines the determinants of the NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) status for the Turkish youth. This is particularly important for Turkey as it has the highest NEET rate among the OECD countries. Second, it describes the movement of the youth across four states: education, employment, unemployment and inactivity. Probit results indicate that gender and educational attainment are key factors for explaining the NEET status. Findings also show that a greater number of household members that are in employment is associated with a lower likelihood of NEET. Transition analyses reveal that the state of inactivity remains highly persistent despite the substantial fall over the sample period. In addition, the rise in the persistence of education between 2007 and 2009 underlines the choice of the youth to stay in education in response to the fall in labor market prospects.
A Secure Europe in A Better World

EN As a union of 25 states with over 450 million people producing a quarter of the world's Gross National Product (GNP), the European Union is inevitably a global player. it should be ready to share in the responsibility for global security and in building a better world. No single country is able to tackle today's complex problems on its own
The Unique Regulation of Brain Cytochrome P450 2 (CYP2) Family Enzymes by Drugs and Genetics

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the brain may have a role in the activation or inactivation of centrally acting drugs, in the metabolism of endogenous compounds, and in the generation of damaging toxic metabolites and/or oxygen stress. CYPs are distributed unevenly among brain regions, and are found in neurons, glial cells and at the blood–brain interface. They have been observed in mitochondrial membranes, in neuronal processes and in the plasma membrane, as well as in endoplastic reticulum. Brain CYPs are inducible by many common hepatic inducers, however many compounds affect liver and brain CYP expression differently, and some CYPs which are constitutively expressed in liver are inducible in brain. CYP induction is isozyme‐, brain region‐, cell type‐ and inducer‐specific. While it is unlikely that brain CYPs contribute to overall clearance of xenobiotics, their punctate, region‐ and cell‐specific expression suggests that CNS CYPs may create micro‐environments in the brain with differing drug and metabolite levels (not detected or predicted by plasma drug monitoring). Coupled with the sensitivity of CNS CYPs to induction, this may in part account for inter‐individual variation in response to centrally acting drugs and neurotoxins, and may have implications for individual variation in receptor adaptation and cross‐tolerance to different drugs. In addition, genetic variation in brain CYPs, depending on the type of polymorphism (structural versus regulatory), will alter enzyme activity. These aspects of brain CYP expression regulation and genetic influences are illustrated in this review using mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity data for CYP2D1/6, CYP2E1 and CYP2B1/6 in rat and human brain. The role of CYP‐mediated metabolism in the brain, a highly heterogeneous and complex organ, is a new and relatively unexplored field of scientific enquiry. It holds promise for furthering our undestanding of inter‐individual variability in response to centrally acting drugs as well as risk for neurological diseases and pathogies.