Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Finishing Broilers Fed On-Farm Feed to Dietary Enzyme and Vitamin B Supplementation

The objectives of the feeding trial were to evaluate the response of finishing broilers to commercial feed (diet A) and on-farm formulated diets supplemented with maxigrain enzyme (diet B) and maxigrain and vitamin B(diet C). A total of ninety 6 week old broilers were used for the feeding trial on deep litter. The finisher experiment lasted from 6-8 weeks. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Supplementation with enzyme and or vitamin B significantly (P<0.05) increased weight gain, final live weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. However, birds fed diets supplemented with enzyme alone performed better than (P<0.05) the birds fed diets supplemented with enzyme and vitamin B (diet C) and the control (diet A) in terms of weight gain, final live weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. The cost of feed/kg was lowest (P<0.05) with the diet supplemented with enzyme alone followed by the diet supplemented with a combination of enzyme and vitamin B. Feed cost/ gain in weight was also highest (P<0.05) on the commercial diet (A). Results of the haematological variables showed significant differences (P<0.05) with respect to the PCV, RBC, WBC, Hb, MCH, MCV and MCHC. Live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, breast, thigh, drumsticks, varied significantly (P<0.05). However, liver and heart were statistically similar (P>0.05) for the three diets. The supplemented diets were cheaper to produce than the commercial one besides resulting in more economic production of broiler and better live weights. It is recommended that poultry farmers formulate and fortify their feeds using available feed resources for better profitability.
Latest medical treatment strategies for venous thromboembolism

Anticoagulant therapy with unfractionated heparin (UFH) followed by warfarin prevents thrombus extension, reduces the risk of recurrent thrombosis and prevents death in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has replaced UFH as the preferred initial anticoagulant therapy for VTE because it is as effective and safe as UFH, but does not require laboratory monitoring and is less likely to cause immune thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis. More recently, fondaparinux has been shown to be an effective and safe alternative to LMWH and several new parenteral anticoagulants are being evaluated. The most important unmet need in the anticoagulant management of VTE is a replacement for warfarin. New oral anticoagulants that selectively target individual steps in the coagulation cascade have been shown to be effective for the long-term treatment of VTE in Phase II and III trials and are likely to become available in the near future.
On the Validity and Utility of Discriminating Among Impulsivity-Like Traits

The ability to make precise distinctions among related personality constructs helps clarify theory and increases the utility of clinical assessment. In three studies, the authors evaluated the validity of distinctions among four impulsivity-like traits: sensation seeking, lack of planning, lack of persistence, and urgency (acting rashly when distressed). Factor analyses indicated that lack of planning and lack of persistence are two distinct facets of one broader trait, whereas urgency and sensation seeking are both very modestly related to each other and to the planning/persistence measures. The authors developed interview assessments of each, and multitrait, multimethod matrix results indicated clear convergent and discriminant validity among the constructs. The distinctions among them were useful: The traits accounted for different aspects of risky behaviors. Sensation seeking appeared to relate to the frequency of engaging in risky behaviors, and urgency appeared to relate to problem levels of involvement in those behaviors.
Altered iron homeostasis in an animal model of hypertensive nephropathy: stroke-prone rats

Background and aim: Iron is the most abundant metal in mammalian cells, and plays a pivotal role in many metabolic processes. Dysregulated iron homeostasis is involved in the cause of a number of pathological processes including renal diseases. Methods and results: Longitudinal MRI scans of salt-loaded spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), an animal model that spontaneously develops hypertensive nephropathy, showed a decrease in renal and hepatic T2* SI (a sign of iron accumulation) of, respectively, 42.3 ± 2.5% (P < 0.01) and 60.4 ± 15.1% (P < 0.01) in comparison with SHRSP fed a standard diet. This was accompanied by the development of renal inflammation and oxidative stress (as evaluated by immunohistochemical and proteomic analyses), mitochondrial dysfunction, massive proteinuria and sustained intravascular hemolysis with the subsequent depletion of plasma haptoglobin, which was responsible for the renal uptake of hemoglobin and iron accumulation. In order to investigate the role of iron in these pathological processes, we subcutaneously treated the salt-loaded rats with the iron chelator deferoxamine (200 mg/kg per day). The pharmacological treatment prevented iron tissue accumulation, as indicated by the increase in renal and hepatic T2* SI of, respectively, 120.0 ± 10.1% (P < 0.01) and 73.9 ± 4.4% (P < 0.01) in comparison with salt-loaded rats treated with vehicle alone. Deferoxamine also preserved renal morphology and function, the renal infiltration of ED-1-positive macrophages/monocytes, and the expression of MCP-1 and TGF-&bgr; mRNA, reduced the level of reactive oxygen species, and improved the activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iron dysmetabolism is involved in the development of hypertensive nephropathy in SHRSP.
The influence of academic projects on the professional socialization of family medicine faculty.

BACKGROUND Successful academic physicians acquire and maintain productive colleague relationships, understand unwritten rules of academe, and effectively manage their careers. Developing these professional socialization skills are goals of some faculty development programs (FDPs), but there is scant evidence about whether such programs are effective. METHODS A nationwide retrospective, cross-sectional written survey was conducted in two phases: (1) FDP directors who received US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration support between 1994 and 1997 described program activities and provided enrollee rosters and (2) enrollees reported socialization and colleague outcomes. Instruments were developed, pilot tested, and administered for this study. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and ANOVA. RESULTS Of 52 eligible directors, 37 (71%) provided FDP activity details and rosters. Of 543 eligible enrollees, 351 (65%) returned surveys. A key result of factor analysis was a seven-item scale related to academic project activities. FDPs with greater emphasis on these activities were associated with enrollees reporting higher levels of colleague relationships and professional socialization skills. CONCLUSION This study's factor analysis indicates that certain FDP project activities are positively associated with enrollees' professional socialization outcomes.
Effects attributable to treatment: Inference in experiments and observational studies with a discrete pivot

SUMMARY In randomisation and permutation inference, pivotal arguments remove the hypothesised treatment effect, thereby basing inferences on the null distribution in which the treatment has no effect. This is common, for instance, with additive treatment effects. The current paper uses 'attributable effects' to expand substantially the scope of pivotal arguments. Attributable effects are defined for three cases, namely the 2 x 2 contingency table, displacement effects and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistic, and in each case removing an appropriate attributable effect restores the familiar null randomisation distribution of the associated statistic, yielding exact inferences. The procedure extends immediately for use in sensitivity analysis in nonrandomised observational studies.
Variability in spider monkeys' vocalizations may provide basis for individual recognition

Analysis of long‐range vocalizations given by spider monkeys revealed consistent acoustic differences among the calls of individuals. Of seven acoustic measurements, four exhibited significant variation between individuals. A discriminant analysis demonstrated that two of these variables allowed correct identification of the caller 44% of the time. Including the remainder of the variables increased the percentage correctly identified to 50%. Individual identification by call structure could benefit spider monkeys, where individuals forage separately in subgroups and the interactions between specific pairs of individuals is highly variable. Acoustic recognition of callers would facilitate the choice of which subgroups to join, thus allowing individuals to manipulate the size and composition of their subgroups. In addition, the calls of mothers and offspring appeared to be similar in acoustic properties.
A de novo 1.5 Mb microdeletion on chromosome 14q23.2‐23.3 in a patient with autism and spherocytosis

Autism is a neuro‐developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as restricted interests or repetitive behaviors. Cytogenetic studies have implicated large chromosomal aberrations in the etiology of approximately 5–7% of autism patients, and the recent advent of array‐based techniques allows the exploration of submicroscopic copy number variations (CNVs). We genotyped a 14‐year‐old boy with autism, spherocytosis and other physical dysmorphia, his parents, and two non‐autistic siblings with the Illumina Human 1M Beadchip as part of a study of the molecular genetics of autism and determined copy number variants using the PennCNV algorithm. We identified and validated a de novo 1.5 Mb microdeletion of 14q23.2‐23.3 in our autistic patient. This region contains 15 genes, including spectrin beta (SPTB), encoding a cytoskeletal protein previously associated with spherocytosis, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1), a folate metabolizing enzyme previously associated with bipoloar disorder and schizophrenia, pleckstrin homology domain‐containing family G member 3 (PLEKHG3), a guanide nucleotide exchange enriched in the brain, and churchill domain containing protein 1 (CHURC1), homologs of which regulate neuronal development in model organisms. While a similar deletion has previously been reported in a family with spherocytosis, severe learning disabilities, and mild mental retardation, this is the first implication of chr14q23.2‐23.3 in the etiology of autism and points to MTHFD1, PLEKHG3, and CHURC1 as potential candidate genes contributing to autism risk. Autism Res 2011,4:221–227. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE EQUIVALENCE OF ARTIN–TATE AND BIRCH–SWINNERTON-DYER CONJECTURES

1.1. Setup. Let k be a finite field with q elements. Let σ ∈ Gal(k/k) denote the geometric Frobenius. Let p = char(k) and let ` 6= p be a prime number. Let C be a smooth, projective and geometrically connected curve over k of genus g. Let F = k(C) be the function field of C. Let |C| be the set of closed points of C. For v ∈ |C|, let Ov, Fv, k(v) be the completed local ring at v, its fraction field and residue field. Let X be a smooth projective surface over k and f : X → C be a flat morphism such that the generic fiber XF is a smooth and geometrically connected curve over F . Assume also: • X(F ) 6= ∅; equivalently f admits a section γ : C → X. Let NS(X) be the Néron-Severi group of X, i.e., divisors on X modulo algebraic equivalence. This is a finitely generated abelian group equipped with a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear pairing into Z. Notation: for any free abelian group Λ with a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear pairing 〈−,−〉 : Λ× Λ→ C we denote
Robotic-Assisted, Laparoscopic, and Abdominal Myomectomy: A Comparison of Surgical Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (robot-assisted), standard laparoscopic myomectomy (laparoscopic), and open myomectomy (abdominal). METHODS: Myomectomy patients were identified from the case records of the Cleveland Clinic and stratified into three groups. Operative and immediate postoperative outcomes were compared. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of ranks, &khgr;2, and Fisher exact tests where appropriate. RESULTS: From a total of 575 myomectomies, 393 (68.3%) were abdominal, 93 (16.2%) were laparoscopic, and 89 (15.5%) were robot-assisted. The three groups were comparable regarding the size, number, and location. Significantly heavier myomas were removed in the robot-assisted group (223 [85.25, 391.50] g) compared with the laparoscopic group (96.65 [49.50, 227.25] g, P<.001) and were lower than in the abdominal group (263 [ 90.50, 449.00] g, P=.002). Higher blood loss was reported in the abdominal group compared with the other two groups, with a median (interquartile range) of blood loss in milliliters of 100 (50, 212.50), 200 (100, 437.50) and 150 (100, 200) in the laparoscopic, abdominal, and robot-assisted groups, respectively. The actual surgical time in minutes was 126 (95, 177) in the abdominal group, 155 (98, 200) in the laparoscopic group, and 181 (151, 265) in robot-assisted group (P<.001). Patients in the abdominal group had a higher median length of hospital stay of 3 (2, 3) days, compared with 1 (0, 1) day in the laparoscopic group and 1 (1, 1) days in the robot-assisted group (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted myomectomy is associated with decreased blood loss and length of hospital stay compared with traditional laparoscopy and to open myomectomy. Robotic technology could improve the utilization of the laparoscopic approach for the surgical management of symptomatic myomas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
In vitro differentiation of neural progenitor cells from prenatal rat brain: Common cell surface glycoprotein on three glial cell subsets

Glial progenitor cell differentiation and cell lineage relationships during brain development are complex hierarchical processes depending on genetic programming, cell‐cell interactions, and microenvironmental factors. The identification of precursor cell‐specific antigens provides a tool for the study of both normal development and deviations from lineage‐specific differentiation associated with malignant transformation. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) RB13‐6 recognizes a 130‐kDa cell surface glycoprotein (gp130RB13‐6) expressed by a subset of 9OAcGD3‐positive glial precursor cells scattered in the rat neuroepithelium on prenatal day (PRD) 13. During prenatal development the fraction of gp130RB13‐6‐positive fetal brain cells (FBC) decreased from about 18% (PRD 14) to about 1.5% (PRD 22), coinciding with increasing fractions of more mature cell types, as indicated by the elevated expression of p24RB21‐15, another cell surface determinant specified by mAb RB21‐15 (Kindler‐Röhrborn et al.; Differentiation 30:53–60, 1985) and other neural cell type‐specific markers. Accordingly, gp130RB13‐6‐positive precursor cells were localized in the ventricular zones throughout brain development. Concomitant with their formation and in the adult rat brain, ependymal layers lining the ventricular surface, choroid plexus, and the leptomeninges were intensely labeled by anti‐gp130RB13‐6 mAb. As visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy of FBC cultures from PRD 13, gp130RB13‐6 was coexpressed with the RC1 antigen by progenitor cells morphologically resembling radial glia cells. In addition, a very small subpopulation of astrocytes coexpressing gp130RB13‐6 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; <5%) occurred 3 days after seeding. Primary FBC cultures from PRD 18 contained an increased subset of astrocytes coexpressing gp130RB13‐6 and GFAP (∼25% of all gp130RB13‐6 expressing cells), apparently generated from gp130RB13‐6‐positive precursors. Corresponding to in vivo conditions, ciliated ependymal cells but also microglial cells/macrophages and leptomeningeal cells showed strong expression of gp130RB13‐6 in culture. We thus present a new glycoprotein on the cell surfaces of a glial progenitor cell subset for further studies of cell lineage relationships between radial glia cells, astrocytes, and ependymal cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 48:95–111, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss and damage from climate change: local-level evidence from nine vulnerable countries

Loss and damage is already a significant consequence of inadequate ability to adapt to changes in climate patterns. This paper reports on the first ever multi-country, evidence-based study on loss and damage from the perspective of affected people in least developed and other vulnerable countries. Researchers in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Kenya, Micronesia, Mozambique and Nepal conducted household surveys (n=3,269) and more than a hundred focus group discussions and open interviews about loss and damage. The research reveals four loss and damage pathways. Residual impacts of climate stressors occur when: 1) existing coping/adaptation to biophysical impact is not enough; 2) measures have costs (including non-economic) that cannot be regained; 3) despite short-term merits, measures have negative effects in the longer term; or 4) no measures are adopted - or possible - at all.
Effectiveness of Iontophoresis for Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present review was to determine the effectiveness of iontophoresis in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) and to provide recommendations based on this evidence. Background data: LET is a common clinical condition, and a wide array of physiotherapy treatments is used for treating LET. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified by a search strategy in six databases were used in combination with reference checking. RCTs that included iontophoresis, patients with LET, and at least one of the clinically relevant outcome measures were selected. Aqualitative analysis of the selected studies was conducted using the Chalmers’ technique. Results: Four RCTs fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review. Although these studies had satisfactory methodology, shortcomings were not absent; conflicting results were revealed as to the effectiveness of iontophoresis for LET management. Conclusions: Iontophoresis need not be ruled out for LET as it is a dose-response modality, and the optimal treatment dose has obviously not yet have been discovered. Further research with well-designed RCTs is needed to establish the absolute and relative effectiveness of this intervention for LET.
Serum apolipoproteins, apoB/apoA-I ratio and objectively measured physical activity in elderly

Abstract Objectives. Several studies have suggested that subjectively reported physical activity is associated with favorable apolipoproteins and apoB/apoA-I ratio but this association has not been studied much in elderly, and seldom with objective methods. The specific aim of the current study was to increase our understanding of the association between objectively measured physical activity, and apolipoproteins and apoB/apoA-I ratio in elderly subjects. Design. In a long-term follow-up of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients, a total of 89 subjects (55–88 years old) were recruited. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by ergospirometry and physical activity by accelerometry. Subjects were divided into two groups based on their activity levels (i.e. more or less than 30 minutes of moderate activity per day). Results. Only 26% (23/89) of participants achieved the recommended 30 min/day of moderate intensity activity. Objectively measured physical activity was associated with higher apolipoprotein A-I levels and smaller apoB/apoAI ratio and lower body mass index, whereas no significant association with apolipoprotein B was observed. Conclusion. The significant association of objectively measured physical activity with favorable apolipoprotein A-I levels and a apoB/apoA-I ratio stresses the importance of being physically active.
Analysis of flow competence in an alluvial gravel bed stream, Dupuyer Creek, Montana

Critical shear stress and unit discharge flow competence models were tested against coarse bed load data from Dupuyer Creek, Montana, United States. Maximum particle sizes sampled (Dmax) and D50 to D90 percentiles in the bed load grain size distribution were well correlated with both shear stress and unit discharge. Bed load grain sizes became coarser with increasing flow strength. For the Dmax curve, Shields dimensionless parameter for the surface D50 was estimated at 0.044, and the exponent for relative particle size (Di/D50) was −0.59. In the unit discharge criterion the critical flow to entrain the surface D50 was poorly predicted. Flow competence relationships based on Dmax are prone to the influence of outliers and sample mass variability. The mean of the three largest particles, Dmax (3), is more sensitive to changes in flow strength than the D50 to D90 bed load grain sizes, and may represent a good compromise.
Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Geriatric Medical Patients

As part of an effort to improve the detection of depression in geriatric hospitalized medical patients, the validity of two self‐rating depression scales, the Zung Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Popoff Index of Depression (ID), was evaluated. These two scales were completed by 42 medical inpatients whose mean age was 68 years. A psychiatrist who was “blind” to scale results interviewed each patient and diagnosed the presence or absence of depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐III (DSM‐III) criteria for Major Depressive Episode. On both the SDS and the ID, there was significant agreement between the scale results and the interview diagnosis. Compared with the interview diagnosis, the SDS had a sensitivity of 58 per cent and a specificity of 87 per cent, and it correctly identified 74 per cent of the patients as being either depressed or nondepressed. The ID had a sensitivity of 88 per cent and a specificity of 52 per cent, and it correctly identified 66 per cent of the patients. Although performance on both scales is reduced compared with that of younger depressed patients, these self‐rating scales appear to be useful aids for the detection of depression in geriatric medical patients.
Aerobic Demands of the Dance Simulation Game

The purpose of this study was to assess the intensity and energy cost of dance simulation in relation to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations on the quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness, and to assess its safety. Forty subjects (21 males and 19 females, age 17.5 +/- 0.7 years) had their heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (.VO(2)) measured during maximal treadmill exercise and during a dance simulation game at a self-selected level of difficulty. They were monitored for injuries during and after the study. The results showed a mean HR of 137 beats x min(-1) (139 beats x min(-1) for males and 136 beats x min(-1) for females) and a mean . VO(2) of 24.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (25.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for males and 23.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for females) during the dance simulation game test, with an estimated energy expenditure of 480 W (550 W for males and 410 W for females). The dance intensity only just meets the minimum ACSM guidelines, so dancer-players will need to play for extended periods to improve or maintain cardiorespiratory fitness or to lose weight. No injuries occurred during 201 hours of dance time.