Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic consequences of cattle predation by the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in a Caucasian conflict hotspot, northern Iran

Abstract In the Caucasus the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor has been persecuted to the verge of extinction, primarily as a result of conflict with people over livestock predation. The socio-economic factors that influence this interaction have received little attention and the attitudes of local people towards leopards remain unknown. Here we assess the extent of cattle predation by leopards and how this influences people's attitudes towards leopards among village residents around the Dorfak No-Hunting Area, a priority reserve in the Iranian Caucasus. In a survey of 66 households, 48% of interviewees reported losing cattle to leopards during 2009–2011. A mean of c. 0.7 head of cattle per interviewed household was reportedly killed by leopards over the 3-year survey period. Cattle predation peaked during warm seasons, when most family members were busy with rice farming-related activities, thus leaving their cattle grazing unguarded in the forest. Regardless of the intensity of cattle predation or socio-economic status, 80% of respondents perceived leopards as a pest, with 45% of interviewees expressing support for either licensed hunting or culling of the Dorfak leopards. We recommend that the Iranian government considers the financial consequences of livestock loss for poor rural communities across the leopard's range. In addition, a combination of different livestock husbandry practices, with the direct involvement of local residents, is essential to ensure the long-term survival of the regional leopard population of the Caucasus.
Evaluation of Bacillus Strains Isolated from Doni River Belt of Vijayapura District for their Plant Growth Promotional Activity

Agriculture is heavily dependent on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to achieve higher yields. This dependence is associated with the problems such as environmental pollution, health hazards, interruption of natural ecological nutrient cycling and destruction of biological communities that otherwise support crop production. Hence, crop production and pest and disease management have to be achieved in shorter intervals of time with fewer detrimental inputs. The use of bioresource to replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides is growing. In this context, plant growth promoting microorganisms are often novel and potential tools to provide substantial benefits to agriculture (Sivasakti et al., 2013). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microbes specially designed by nature that harbour growth promotional benefits for host plant. Strains with PGPR activity, belonging to genera Azoarcus, Azospirillum, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Managing nutrition to control plant disease

1 This contribution was an invited key-note lecture given on the International Workshop `Cross-talks between Metabolic Pathways involving Sulfur in Plants in Braunschweig 1 3, October 005 Purdue University, Botany & Plant Pathology, West State Street 915, IN 47907054 West Lafayette/USA; Email: huberd@purdue.edu 3 Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig/Germany Abstract
Building resilience in early adolescence through a universal school-based preventive program

The development of effective coping resources, including positive thinking and an increased sense of self-efficacy, is related to enhancing resilience and healthy development in young people. A universal school-based prevention program that adapted techniques cognitive therapists use for depressed children, and directly based on the work of Seligman (1995), was implemented over a six-week period to whole-class groups by classroom teachers within their regular school curricula. Learning was facilitated through the use of stories, cartoons, hypothetical examples, practice and role-plays. Fifty-eight Year 5 and 6 students from four schools in regional and rural Victoria completed pre- and post-program questionnaires on self-efficacy, coping and attributional style. Following program participation, children reported significant improvements in optimistic thinking and self-efficacy, as well as a reduction in the use of the non-productive coping strategies of worry, wishful thinking, not coping, and reliance on friends. These promising results provide evidence for the feasibility of implementing a low-cost, non-intrusive program that addresses the emotional well-being of all young people in school settings. The longer-term success and viability of any universal preventive programs may ultimately depend upon the extent to which such programs can be integrated into the mainstream curriculum practices of schools.
Hyper‐spherical and elliptical stochastic cycles

A univariate first‐order stochastic cycle can be represented as an element of a bivariate first‐order vector autoregressive process, or VAR(1), where the transition matrix is associated with a rotation along a circle in the plane, and the reduced form is ARMA(2,1). This paper generalizes this representation in two directions. According to the first, the cyclical dynamics originate from the motion of a point along an ellipse. The reduced form is also ARMA(2,1), but the model can account for certain types of asymmetries. The second deals with the multivariate case: the cyclical dynamics result from the projection along one of the coordinate axis of a point moving in along an hyper‐sphere. This is described by a VAR(1) process whose transition matrix is obtained by a sequence of n‐dimensional Givens rotations. The reduced form of an element of the system is shown to be ARMA(n, n − 1). The properties of the resulting models are analysed in the frequency domain, and we show that this generalization can account for a multimodal spectral density. The illustrations show that the proposed generalizations can be fitted successfully to some well‐known case studies of the time series literature.
Can You Move to Opportunity? Evidence from the Great Migration

This paper shows that racial composition shocks during the Great Migration (1940–1970) reduced the gains from growing up in the northern United States for Black families and can explain 27 percent of the region’s racial upward mobility gap today. I identify northern Black share increases by interacting pre-1940 Black migrants’ location choices with predicted southern county out-migration. Locational changes, not negative selection of families, explain lower upward mobility, with persistent segregation and increased crime and policing as plausible mechanisms. The case of the Great Migration provides a more nuanced view of moving to opportunity when destination reactions are taken into account. (JEL H75, H76, J15, J62, K42, N32, R23)
COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FINISHING AND POLISHING SYSTEMS ON A BULK-FILL COMPOSITE RESIN SURFACE

Introduction: One of the main objectives of composite restorations procedure is to obtain a smooth surface for aesthetic reasons and for oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the surface morphology of a bulk fill composite material after finishing and polishing with three different finishing and polishing systems. Materials and methods: Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior composite resin was chosen for this study (3M ESPE St. Paul, MN, USA). Twenty cylindrical samples 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were made using plastic molds. They were randomly and equally assigned to four groups. In group 1 (control) the samples were not subjected to finishing and polishing procedure. In study groups 2-4, the samples were finished using two tungsten carbide burs and then polished using one step Occlubrush system (KerrHawe SA, Switzerland) group 2, with the two step Sof-Lex system (3M ESPE) group 3, and with the multi-step Super Snap system (Shofu, Inc. Kyoto, Japan) group 4. The surface characteristics of the samples were quantitatively analyzed using profilometry and qualitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was used to determine the distribution of data in groups. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc statistical tests were used to compare the results in groups. Results: Finishing with tungsten carbide burs and two-steps Sof-Lex polishing system and one-step polishing system Occlubrush determined, higher roughness when comparing to multi-step Super Snap system. Conclusion: The surface characteristics of the studied composite resin were influenced by the type of finishing and polishing system used.
Entanglement and nonlocality of a single relativistic particle

Recent work has argued that the concepts of entanglement and nonlocality must be taken seriously even in systems consisting of only a single particle. These treatments, however, are nonrelativistic, and, if single-particle entanglement is fundamental, it should also persist in a relativistic description. Here, we consider a spin-1/2 particle in a superposition of two different velocities as viewed by an observer in a relativistically boosted inertial frame and show that the entanglement between the two velocity modes survives right up to the speed of light. We also discuss how quantum gates could be implemented in this way and apply our results to the case of a superconductor. In particular, we show that an s-wave superconductor would have p-wave components for a boosted observer.
The atmospheric composition and structure of Jupiter and Saturn from ISO observations: a preliminary review

Infrared spectra of Jupiter and Saturn have been recorded with the two spectrometers of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) in 1995±1998, in the 2.3±180 mm range. Both the grating modes (R= 150±2000) and the Fabry-PeÂ rot modes (R= 8000± 30,000) of the two instruments were used. The main results of these observations are (1) the detection of water vapour in the deep troposphere of Saturn; (2) the detection of new hydrocarbons (CH3C2H, C4H2, C6H6, CH3) in Saturn's stratosphere; (3) the detection of water vapour and carbon dioxide in the stratospheres of Jupiter and Saturn; (4) a new determination of the D/ H ratio from the detection of HD rotational lines. The origin of the external oxygen source on Jupiter and Saturn (also found in the other giant planets and Titan in comparable amounts) may be either interplanetary (micrometeoritic ̄ux) or local (rings and/or satellites). The D/H determination in Jupiter, comparable to Saturn's result, is in agreement with the recent measurement by the Galileo probe (Mahay, P.R., Donahue, T.M., Atreya, S.K., Owen, T.C., Niemann, H.B., 1998. Galileo probe measurements of D/H and He/He in Jupiters atmosphere. Space Science Rev. 84 251±263); the D/H values on Uranus and Neptune are signi®cantly higher, as expected from current models of planetary formation. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Women’s Pathways to Crime: A Heuristic Typology of Offenders

The current study proposes a heuristic model for classification of female offenders into groups based on key variables relevant to women’s backgrounds and programming needs. We utilize a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 60 women incarcerated in a maximum-security prison. We develop qualitative, person-centered groupings of female offenders, and then use quantitative analyses to provide more detailed data on each group. Findings demonstrate five distinct groupings: aggressive career offenders, women who killed or assaulted persons in retaliation or self-defense, women who maltreated children, substance-dependent women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), and social capital offenders. These findings lend support to prior research on pathways and typologies of women’s offending, and decision rules effectively “triage” cases according to most pressing needs. The model offers unique utility for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working with women in the criminal legal system.
Planetary period oscillations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Evidence in magnetic field phase data for rotational modulation of Saturn kilometric radiation emissions

[1] Initial Voyager observations of Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) indicated that the modulations in emitted power near the ∼11 h planetary rotation period are “strobe like,” varying with a phase independent of observer position, while subsequent Cassini studies of related oscillations in the magnetospheric magnetic field and plasma parameters have shown that these rotate around the planet with a period close to the SKR period. However, analysis of magnetic oscillation data over the interval 2004–2010 reveals the presence of variable secular drifts between the phases of the dominant southern period magnetic oscillations and SKR modulations, which become very marked after Cassini apoapsis moved for the first time into the postdusk sector in mid-2009. Here we use a simple theoretical model to show that such phase drifts arise if the SKR modulation phase also rotates around the auroral oval, combined with a highly restricted view of the SKR sources by the spacecraft due to the conical beaming of the emissions. Strobe-like behavior then occurs in the predawn-to-noon sector where the spacecraft has a near-continuous view of the most intense midmorning SKR sources, in agreement with the Voyager findings, while elsewhere the SKR modulation phase depends strongly on spacecraft local time, being in approximate antiphase with the midmorning sources in the postdusk sector. Supporting evidence for this scenario is provided through an independent determination of the variable rotation period of the southern magnetic field perturbations throughout the 6 year interval.
Characterizing the strong maximum principle for constant coefficient subequations

In this paper we characterize the degenerate elliptic equations F(Du) = 0 whose subsolutions (F(Du) ≥ 0) satisfy the strong maximum principle. We introduce an easily computed function f on (0,1) which is determined by F, and we show that the strong maximum principle holds depending on whether R 0+ dy f(y) is infinite or finite. This is in the spirit of previous work characterizing the ordinary maximum principle in terms of the geometry of the set of symmetric matrices F = {F ≥ 0}. Along the way, radial subsolutions are characterized, and, as an application, a sufficient condition for strong comparison is established. A number of examples, important for the theory of such equations, are examined.
An End-to-end Framework for Audio-to-Score Music Transcription on Monophonic Excerpts

In this work, we present an end-to-end framework for audio-to-score transcription. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst automatic music transcription approach which obtains directly a symbolic score from audio, instead of performing separate stages for piano-roll estimation (pitch detection and note tracking), meter detection or key estimation. The proposed method is based on a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network architecture directly trained with pairs of spectrograms and their corresponding symbolic scores in Western notation. Unlike standard pitch estimation methods, the proposed architecture does not need the music symbols to be aligned with their audio frames thanks to a Connectionist Temporal Classiﬁca-tion loss function. Training and evaluation were performed using a large dataset of short monophonic scores (incip-its) from the RISM collection, that were synthesized to get the ground-truth data. Although there is still room for improvement, most musical symbols were correctly detected and the evaluation results validate the proposed approach. We believe that this end-to-end framework opens new avenues for automatic music transcription.
T-cell Immunotherapies for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Hodgkin’s Disease

While chemotherapy and radiation remain the mainstays in the initial treatment of Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), patients with relapsed disease or those who fail to enter remission are rarely cured using these conventional methods. Therefore, approaches using adoptive immunotherapies offer attractive alternative options for this subgroup of patients. While infused monoclonal antibodies have been proved to offer success as cancer immunotherapies, it is much more difficult to exploit the equivalent promise of T-cell immunotherapy. This dilemma is two-fold, comprising the significant time required to generate T cells for infusion and the relative lack of persistent in vivo expansion of the adoptively transferred cells, making it difficult to achieve sustained clinical responses. This article will focus on the T-cell therapies available in the treatment of multiple-relapsed or refractory lymphomas, and some of the strategies in place to overcome these obstacles.
Transgressions and Expressions

Recent investigations into morality suggest that affective responses may precede moral judgments. The present study investigated, first, whether individuals show specific facial affect in response to moral behaviors and, second, whether the intensity of facial affect predicts subsequent moral judgments. Muscle activity relating to disgust (levator labii), anger (corrugator supercilii), and positive affect (zygomaticus major) was recorded while participants considered third-person statements describing good and bad behaviors across five foundations of morality (purity, fairness, harm, authority, and ingroup). Facial disgust was highest in response to purity violations, followed by fairness violations. In contrast, harm violations evoked anger expressions. Importantly, the extremity of subsequent moral judgments was predicted by facial affect, such that judgments about purity and fairness correlated with facial disgust, harm correlated with facial anger, and ingroup correlated with positive facial affect. These results demonstrate that individuals spontaneously exhibit domain-specific moral affect that allows inferences about their moral judgments.
Impact of a Structured Yoga Program on Anxiety in Infertility Patients: A Feasibility Study

Background: Anxiety has been shown to worsen over time during infertility treatment. The psychological burden of treatment itself can lead to patient drop out. Yoga has been used as a stress reliever in other areas of health care. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess whether a structured yoga intervention can decrease anxiety levels measured by the Spielberger StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in patients with infertility. Study design: A prospective feasibility study was conducted. One hundred eleven participants undergoing infertility treatment at a large infertility practice were recruited and enrolled. All subjects self-selected to participate in the control group or the yoga group and completed the Spielberger StateTrait Anxiety Inventory at baseline and at a six week follow up. Seventy-nine participants completed both time points. “State” and “trait” anxiety scores were compared between the control and yoga groups. Paired t-tests and multivariate logistics regression were performed for statistical analysis via the SPSS software. Results: Mean state and trait anxiety scores were significantly lower in the yoga group versus the control group (p<0.014 and p<0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Mean state and trait anxiety levels were significantly lower after a structured six week yoga intervention in patients with infertility. These results suggest that yoga may have a beneficial role in reducing anxiety in patients with infertility. Ideally this may translate to decreased drop out and increased ability for patients to be successful.
On Solving Complex Rack Configuration Problems using CSP Methods

Constraint Satisfaction Techniques have been widely applied to the configuration of complex systems in various domain. While much progress has been achieved on algorithms and theoretical characterisations of special cases that can be solved efficiently, many of these results make strong assumptions. In this paper we investigate different modelling and search techniques to assess their suitability for on-line configuration of a complex prototypical configuration problem. We found that CSP solving techniques perform poorly on our problem, while local search and repair techniques may achieve good performance while permitting simpler constraint formalisms.
Multiple Lane Detection Algorithm Based on Novel Dense Vanishing Point Estimation

The detection of multiple curved lane markings is still a challenge for advanced driver assistance systems today, due to interference such as road markings and shadows cast by roadside structures and vehicles. The vanishing point <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula> contains the global information of the road image. Hence, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-based lane detection algorithms are quite insensitive to interference. When curved lanes are assumed, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula> shifts with respect to the rows of the image. In this paper, a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for each individual row of the image is estimated by first extracting a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{py}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (vertical position of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) for each individual row of the image from the v-disparity. Then, based on the estimated <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{py}$</tex-math></inline-formula>'s, a 2-D <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{px}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (horizontal position of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) accumulator is efficiently formed. Thus, by globally optimizing this 2-D <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{px}$</tex-math></inline-formula> accumulator, globally optimum <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula> s for the road image are extracted. Then, estimated <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{V}_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula> s are utilized for multiple curved lane marking detection on nonflat road surfaces. The resultant system achieves a detection rate of 99% in 1862 frames of six stereo vision test sequences.
Recent mass balance of the Purogangri Ice Cap, central Tibetan Plateau, by means of differential X-band SAR interferometry

Abstract. Due to their remoteness, altitude and harsh climatic conditions, little is known about the glaciological parameters of ice caps on the Tibetan Plateau. This study presents a geodetic mass balance estimate of the Purogangri Ice Cap, Tibet's largest ice field between 2000 and 2012. We utilized data from the actual TerraSAR-X mission and its add-on for digital elevation measurements and compared it with elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The employed data sets are ideal for this approach as both data sets were acquired at X-band at nearly the same time of the year and are available at a fine grid spacing. In order to derive surface elevation changes we employed two different methods. The first method is based on differential synthetic radar interferometry while the second method uses common DEM differencing. Both approaches revealed a slightly negative mass budget of −44 ± 15 and −38 ± 23 mm w.eq. a−1 (millimeter water equivalent) respectively. A slightly negative trend of −0.15 ± 0.01 km2 a−1 in glacier extent was found for the same time period employing a time series of Landsat data. Overall, our results show an almost balanced mass budget for the studied time period. Additionally, we detected one continuously advancing glacier tongue in the eastern part of the ice cap.