Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Content Understanding for Teaching: A Study of Undergraduate STEM Majors

This paper investigates the nature of mathematical understanding that is needed to teach three foundational early algebra topics. These three topics include dividing fractions, linear equation in two variables and its graph, and quadratic function and its graph. Data from a sample of undergraduate STEM majors in a major research university affirm the importance of developing what Shulman (1999) calls “far more effective mathematics courses in U.S. undergraduate program” in order to equip future mathematics teachers with profound mathematical content understanding for teaching fundamental mathematics (Ma, 1999).
Digital preservation strategies at Colorado State University Libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of digital archiving and preservation practices and processes successfully implemented at an academic institution.Design/methodology/approach – This case study chronicles the planning and actions taken to identify, select, package, and archive local digital assets for long‐term access and migration. It includes a literature review and offers selected resources as a starting point for other institutions investigating digital preservation tools and practices.Findings – Digital preservation is a broad, evolving, and important facet of digital asset management, yet often overlooked by library administration and understated in library operations. Collaborative approaches should be considered in implementing digital preservation tools and processes with limited resources.Practical implications – What is successfully in operation at CSUL may be learned by other institutions. An effective preservation plan and established workflows will give an organiza.
Introducing English Semantics

Preface 1. The Study of Meaning 2. Language in Use 3. The Dimensions of Meaning 4. Semantic Roles 5. Lexical Relations 6. Transition and Transfer Predicates 7. Reference 8. Sentences as Arguments 9. Speech Acts 10. Aspect 11. Factivity, Implication, and Modality 12. A Variety of Predicates 13. The Semantics of Morphological Relations Bibliography Index of Names Index of Lexemes Index of Technical Terms Glossary of Technical Terms List of Tables
Illuminat~on for computer generated images

Abstract : This report describes a new model for the shading of computer- generated images of objects in general and of polygonally described free-form curved surfaces in particular. The shading function is determined by a linear interpolation of the curvature of the surface. It takes into consideration the physical properties of the materials of which the surfaces are made. By applying the fundamental laws of optics, highlights due to the specular reflection of the light are simulated, and other existing shading problems are overcome. This results in computer-generated images of increased realism. A large number of sample pictures are provided to give a pictorial comparison of the new shading process with past methods. Finally, pictures of simple real solids, such as cylinders, spheres and cones, are compared with those generated by the computer.
Intelligent and flexible radio access/transmission technologies for wireless multimedia communication systems

This paper discusses intelligent and flexible radio access/transmission technologies necessary to smoothly upgrade supported services as well as to economically extend coverage and operational environments. After a brief discussion on classification of key technologies for intelligent and flexible radio access/transmission technologies, the paper discusses the adaptive transmission parameter (TP) control techniques for both time division multiple access (TDMA) based and code division multiple access (CDMA) based systems. Finally, this paper proposes a time division multiplex (TDM) based adaptive access control technique to further enhance system capacity and to introduce higher grade services for CDMA-based wireless multimedia communication systems.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevrimiçi Bilgi Arama Stratejilerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci ogretmen adaylarinin cevrimici bilgi arama stratejilerini belirlemektir. Ayrica cevrimici bilgi arama stratejileri cinsiyet, internette bilgi arama sikligi ve internette bilgi arama duzeyi acisindan incelenmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda Tsai (2009) tarafindan gelistirilen Askar ve Mazman (2013) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan cevrimici bilgi arama strateji envanteri kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin katilimcilarini 2013-2014 ogretim yilinda bir devlet universitesinde ogrenim goren 139 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, bagimsiz iki orneklem t-testi ve tek yonlu ANOVA analizinden yararlanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, ogretmen adaylarinin cevrimici bilgi arama stratejilerinin kaybolma stratejilerine dusuk, degerlendirme ve problem cozme stratejilerine orta, deneme yanilma, temel fikirleri ayirt etme, kontrol ve amacli dusunme stratejilerine orta duzeyin uzerinde sahip olduklari gorulmustur. Cinsiyet acisindan sahip olunan strateji duzeylerinde anlamli bir farklilik bulunmamistir. Bilgi arama sikligi ve bilgi arama duzeyi yuksek olan ogretmen adaylarinin strateji duzeylerinin daha yuksek oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Oneri olarak yapilacak calismalarda stratejilere sahip olma duzeyleri internet oz-yeterliligi acisindan incelenebilir
METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF TIME-PRESSURE STUDIES

Time pressure is a challenge for professional translators and deserves systematic consideration in translator training. Until now, time pressure has played only a marginal role in translation studies: To my knowledge, there are only three (series of) studies, of limited scope, conducted by Honig/Hansen, Jensen and de Rooze. Their experimental designs are analysed in this paper and compared to the author’s own methodological findings. It was found that, in order to obtain valid research results, research results from several disciplines, especially from time-pressure research and endocrinology, must be consistently applied. The main challenges of time-pressure studies are (1) adequately measuring timepressure and (2) creating a situation with no more than one variable parameter. This paper reflects on how the time-pressure variable can be operationalised in order to establish experimental situations where acute and moderate time-pressure is experienced by the subjects. The question of which parameters must.
A disjunctive graph and shifting bottleneck heuristics for multi hoists scheduling problem

Abstract In this paper, we studied a multi hoists scheduling problem with transportation constraints. For each job, there are several operations which can be operated on a set of machines (tanks), and their operation times are bounded. The transportation tasks are performed by several available transport resources. The objective is to determine an assignment of processing and transport resources and valid schedules on them without storage for both processing and transport operations while minimizing makespan. The assignments and schedules can be efficiently modeled by a disjunctive graph: negative arcs present the maximum processing and transportation times, and the length of the longest path without positive cycle represents the makespan of a feasible solution without storage. A modified genetic algorithm is used to do the assignment of tasks on resources. A modified Shifting Bottleneck procedure is applied to find a schedule for both machines’ and transports’ operations for a specific individual. Computational results for benchmark instances with several transport resources are presented.
Information Development in EFL Students Composition Writing

One way of achieving cohesion in text is through thematic progression, which involves the relationship between clauses based on the information contained in their themes and rhemes (Belmonte & McCabe, 1998). Taking this in mind, this paper was centered on scrutinizing the status of thematic progression patterns in EFL students’ compositions. To this end, 180 compositions written by 60 students - 20 sophomores, 20 juniors, and 20 seniors- majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language based on three pictorial stories were analyzed using McCabe’s (1999) model of thematic progression. The results illustrated significant differences between the three groups regarding their use of linear and constant patterns of progression. The number of applied linear and constant patterns by senior group was somehow quite more than the other two groups and on the other hand, most interestingly, the disposition of junior students to use these patterns was greater than sophomore students as well. Such a tendency could be justifiable in light of having previous academic experience that may be one of the factors which influence producing a more cohesive text applying such cohesive devices.
Language non-specific selection in highly proficient bilinguals

Three psycholinguistic experiments within a word/picture interference paradigm have been conducted with early, balanced and highly proficient Persian-French bilinguals, in order to determine the processes underlying their lexical access (activation and selection). The results support the predictions of a cascade activation model and a language non-specific model of lexical access.
Fisher Vectors for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization

The bag-of-visual-words (BOV) is certainly the most popular image representation to date and it has been shown to yield good results in various problems including Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC) [3, 4]. Our contribution is to show that the Fisher Vector (FV) - which describes an image by its deviation from an "average" model - is an excellent alternative to the BOV for the FGVC problem. In this extended abstract we first provide a brief introduction to the FV. We then present theoretical as well as practical motivations for using the FV for FGVC. We finally provide experimental results on four ImageNet subsets: fungus, ungulate, vehicle and ImageNet10K. Compared to [4] which uses spatial pyramid (SP) BOV representations, we report significantly higher classification accuracies. For instance, on ImageNet10K we report 16.7% vs 6.4% top-1 accuracy (a 160% relative improvement).
Import-by-query: ontology reasoning under access limitations

To enable ontology reuse, the Web Ontology Language (OWL) allows an ontology κv to import an ontology κh. To reason with such a κv, a reasoner needs physical access to the axioms of κh. For copyright and/or privacy reasons, however, the authors of κh might not want to publish the axioms of κh; instead, they might prefer to provide an oracle that can answer a (limited) set of queries over κh, thus allowing κv to import κh "by query. " In this paper, we study import-by-query algorithms, which can answer questions about κv ∪ κh by accessing only κv and the oracle. We show that no such algorithm exists in general, and present restrictions under which importing by query becomes feasible.
Elements of Time Series Econometrics: an Applied Approach

A time series is a sequence of numbers collected at regular intervals over a period of time. Designed with emphasis on the practical application of theoretical tools, Elements of Time Series Econometrics is an approachable guide for the econometric analysis of time series. The text is divided into five major sections. The first section, "The Nature of Time Series," gives an introduction to time series analysis. The next section, "Difference Equations," describes briefly the theory of difference equations, with an emphasis on results that are important for time series econometrics. The third section, "Univariate Time Series," presents the methods commonly used in univariate time series analysis, the analysis of time series of a single variable. The fourth section, "Multiple Time Series," deals with time series models of multiple interrelated variables. The final section, new to this edition, is "Panel Data and Unit Root Tests" and deals with methods known as panel unit root tests that are relevant to issues of convergence. Appendices contain an introduction to simulation techniques and statistical tables.
Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding for Transmission over Fading Channels

Acknowledgments.Historical Perspective, Motivation and Outline. I Convolutional and Block Coding. Convolutional Channel Coding. Block Coding. Soft Decoding and Performance of BCH Codes. II Turbo Convolutional and Turbo Block Coding. Turbo Convolutional Coding. The Super Trellis Structure of Convolutional Turbo Codes. Turbo BCH Coding. Redundant Residue Number System Codes. III Coded Modulation: TCM, TTCM, BICM, BICM ID. Coded Modulation Theory and Performance. IV Space Time Block and Space Time Trellis Coding. Space time Block Codes. Space Time Trellis Codes. Turbo coded Adaptive QAM versus Space time Trellis Coding. V Turbo Equalisation. Turbo coded Partial response Modulation. Turbo Equalisation for Partial response Systems. Turbo Equalisation Performance Bound. Comparative Study of Turbo Equalisers. Reduced complexity Turbo Equaliser. Turbo Equalisation for Space time Trellis coded Systems. Summary and Conclusions. Bibliography. Subject Index. Author Index. About the Authors.Other Related Wiley and IEEE Press Books.
Rule-Based Evolutionary Online Learning Systems: Learning Bounds, Classification, and Prediction

Rule-based evolutionary online learning systems, often referred to as Michigan-style learning classifier systems (LCSs), were proposed nearly thirty years ago (Holland, 1976; Holland, 1977) originally calling them cognitive systems. LCSs combine the strength of reinforcement learning with the generalization capabilities of genetic algorithms promising a flexible, online generalizing, solely reinforcement dependent learning system. However, despite several initial successful applications of LCSs and their interesting relations with animal learning and cognition, understanding of the systems remained somewhat obscured. Questions concerning learning complexity or convergence remained unanswered. Performance in different problem types, problem structures, concept spaces, and hypothesis spaces stayed nearly unpredictable. This thesis has the following three major objectives: (1) to establish a facetwise theory approach for LCSs that promotes system analysis, understanding, and design; (2) to analyze, evaluate, and enhance the XCS classifier system (Wilson, 1995) by the means of the facetwise approach establishing a fundamental XCS learning theory; (3) to identify both the major advantages of an LCS-based learning approach as well as the most promising potential application areas. Achieving these three objectives leads to a rigorous understanding of LCS functioning that enables the successful application of LCSs to diverse problem types and problem domains. The quantitative analysis of XCS shows that the interactive, evolutionary-based online learning mechanism works machine learning competitively yielding a low-order polynomial learning complexity. Moreover, the facetwise analysis approach facilitates the successful design of more advanced LCSs including Holland's originally envisioned cognitive systems.
A nonlinear articulatory speech synthesizer using both time- and frequency-domain elements

High quality speech at low bit rates (e.g., 2400 bits per second) is one of the important objectives of current speech research. As part of long range activity on this problem we have developed an efficient computer program that will serve as a tool for investigating whether articulatory speech synthesis may achieve this low bit rate. At a sampling frequency of 20 kHz the most comprehensive version of the program, including nasality and frication, runs at about five times real time on a Cray-1 computer.
Enhanced PF Scheduling Algorithm for LTE Downlink System

A key feature of Long Term Evolution (LTE) system is the adoption of advanced Radio Resource Management (RRM) procedures in order to increase the system performance. Packet scheduling mechanisms play a fundamental role, because they are responsible for choosing how to distribute radio resources among different stations. In this paper a modified Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling algorithm is proposed for capacity enhancement for LTE system and compared with the PF downlink scheduler, which is characterized by high fairness but with low spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the overall system capacity and also provides fairness in the distribution of the resources. The proposed algorithm improves the average cell throughput by more than 10.3 %, with approximately the same fairness level (2.6 % reduction) as compared with the conventional PF scheduling algorithm.
Key Issues in Information Systems Management : An International Perspective

This study compares and contrasts the findings of recent information systems (IS) management studies in ten nations or regions as well as one US multinational study. It examines the key concerns of IS executives in these areas, focusing on identifying and explaining regional similarities and differences. Internationally, there are substantial differences in key issues. Possible reasons for these differences—cultural, economic development, political/legal environment, and technological status—are discussed. The analysis suggests that national culture and economic development can explain differences in key issues. The paper concludes by outlining a revised framework for key issues studies that will more readily support comparison across time and nations.
Combining Ability and Heritability Analysis Provide Insights into Variability for Multiple-agronomic Traits in Two-line Hybrid Black Rice

To analyze the combining ability and heritability of the main agronomic traits in black rice parents, and thus provide a theoretical basis for parent seed selection of two-line hybrid black rice and screening of superiority combinations. The combining ability and heritability of eight main agronomic traits were analyzed by 6×5 incomplete diallel cross (NCII) model through 6 sterile lines and 5 restorer lines. The results showed a significant difference in combining ability variance of the studied agronomic traits. The seed setting rate is mainly controlled by special combining ability of the combination. The effective panicle number is mainly controlled by general combining ability of the parents. The other agronomic traits are controlled by special combining ability of the combination together with general combining ability of the parents. From big to small, the narrow heritability is in the order of plant height, thousand seed weight, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, filled spikelets per panicle, yield per plant, effective panicle and seed setting rate. Multiple agronomic traits in two-line sterile line D18S, D40S and restorer line R401 of black rice have high effect value in terms of general combining ability and special combining ability, and the application prospect is bright. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers
Analysis of Technical , Economic and Allocative Efficiencies of CassavaProduction in Taraba State , Nigeria :

This work examined the production efficiency of cassava farms in Taraba State. A purposive sampling method was used to select 300 cassava farmers in the study area. Important information on inputs used and outputs realized in cassava production were collected from cassava farmers using structured questionnaire. The datacollectedwere analyzed using descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier production function and cost function. The estimated gamma parameter of stochastic frontier production function showed that about 92% variation in output among cassava farmers in the study area was due to differences in technical efficiency. The estimated elasticities of production with respect to farm size, family labour, hired labour and fertilizer were statistically significant at 1% and 5% level of significance respectively. The mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency were 0.887, 0.856 and 0.825 respectively, meaning that the sample farmers were relatively very efficient in allocating their limited resources with technical efficiency appears to be more significant than allocative and economic efficiency. The result of the study showed that the major factor affecting cassava productions in the study area were farm size, family labour, hired labour, fertilizer, house hold size, years of schooling and source of funds. These factors were significant and have positive influence on cassava output. It is thus recommended that farmers should be encouraged to adopt more intensive cultural practices instead of continued expansion in land put to cassava production.
Physics Projection : Intelligence with Physical World

This paper presents a new approach named physics projection, through which robots can learn the physical world and predict the effects of their actions actively and online. Physics projection consists of three components: a robot, physical world model, and physics engine. The process of physics projection has a double loop structure comprising (1) a learning loop of the physical world model and (2) a simulation search loop. Experiments were performed using the TurtleBot3 mobile robot and Unity graphic engine. The results clearly showed that the robot predicted the effects of its various actions under the given physical conditions and successfully executed the tasks of carrying a wine glass without dropping it and a cup filled with water without spilling. The robot could predict a catastrophic effect that could not be predicted by a human operator.
A reexamination of the theory of agency costs of tax avoidance

Reduction in a corporation’s tax payouts should generally increase shareholder wealth. Recent studies, however, argue that shareholders do not always benefit from corporate tax avoidance. When manager-shareholder interests are misaligned, managers can appropriate shareholder wealth under the garb of tax-saving projects. In that case, corporate tax avoidance could be associated with reduced shareholder wealth. The empirical evidence on this theory is, however, mixed. We reexamine this theory in an international context looking at dual-class-shares firms which has two advantages. First, dual-class corporate governance structure characterizes an extreme case of divergence between ownership and control rights and thus the size of the voting premium represents a lower bound on the magnitude of managerial consumption of private benefits of control. Second, the variation in country-level external legal enforcement, that determines the protection of outside shareholder interests, amplifies the costs and benefits of tax avoidance within a firm. By simultaneously considering these variations, we find strong evidence that corporate tax avoidance is positively related to the size of firm’s voting premium particularly in low investor protection regimes; evidence consistent with the notion that tax avoidance is considered a valuedecreasing activity. To address the endogeneity concerns, we use the staggered implementation of corporate governance and financial reporting reforms across countries as exogenous shocks and confirm our results.