Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrences After Surgical Resection of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Single-Center Study of Recurrence Predictive Factors

Objective The detection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) has increased over the last decade, but still, management remains controversial. The main problems are their potential for malignancy and risk of recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive factors of recurrence after surgical resection. Methods All patients with IPMN who underwent pancreatectomy with curative intent were considered. Data were collected from a prospective base. Results From 1994 to 2009, 104 patients underwent pancreatectomy. Twenty-one (20%) had recurrence, 15 on remnant pancreas (none on pancreatic cut surface) and 6 with distant metastases. Twelve patients had total pancreatectomy (1 awaiting surgery). Thirteen (38.2%) of 34 patients with invasive IPMN and 20 (25.9%) of 77 with main duct involvement (including combined type) had recurrence. In univariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiologist score and histological and duct type had a significant impact on recurrence rate. In multivariate analysis, histological type (invasiveness) was the only significant predictive factor for recurrence. Conclusion The risk of recurrence of IPMN after resection depends on the histological type. According to surgical margin, invasiveness, and the type of duct involved, we identified a high-risk group with invasive main duct lesion and a low-risk group with noninvasive branch duct lesion.
Cyclophilin A-Dependent Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Mutants for Infection of Nondividing Cells

ABSTRACT Among retroviruses, lentiviruses are unusual in their ability to efficiently infect both dividing and nondividing cells, such as activated T cells and macrophages, respectively. Recent studies implicate the viral capsid protein (CA) as a key determinant of cell-cycle-independent infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We investigated the effects of the host cell protein cyclophilin A (CypA), which binds to HIV-1 CA, on HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells. The HIV-1 CA mutants A92E, T54A, and R132K were impaired for infection of aphidicolin-arrested HeLa cells, but not HOS cells. The mutants synthesized normal quantities of two-long-terminal-repeat circles in arrested HeLa cells, indicating that the mutant preintegration complexes can enter the nuclei of both dividing and nondividing cells. The impaired infectivity of the CA mutants on both dividing and nondividing HeLa cells was relieved by either pharmacological or genetic disruption of the CypA-CA interaction or by RNA interference-mediated depletion of CypA expression in target cells. A second-site suppressor of the CypA-restricted phenotype also restored the ability of CypA-restricted HIV-1 mutants to infect growth-arrested HeLa cells. These results indicate that CypA-restricted mutants are specifically impaired at a step between nuclear import and integration in nondividing HeLa cells. This study reveals a novel target cell-specific restriction of HIV-1 CA mutants in nondividing cells that is dependent on CypA-CA interactions.
Repeated Bout Effect in Muscle-Specific Exercise Variations

Abstract Zourdos, MC, Henning, PC, Jo, E, Khamoui, AV, Lee, S-R, Park, Y-M, Naimo, M, Panton, LB, Nosaka, K, and Kim, J-S. Repeated bout effect in muscle-specific exercise variations. J Strength Cond Res 29(8): 2270–2276, 2015—A single bout of unaccustomed exercise confers protective effect against muscle damage from a subsequent bout of similar activity, that is, repeated bout effect (RBE). It remains unknown whether varying muscle-specific exercise between sessions alters the magnitude of the RBE. This study examined the effects of muscle-specific exercise variation between consecutive sessions on the RBE. Twenty untrained males (21 ± 2 years) were assigned to one of 2 groups (n = 10 per group): (a) 2 sessions of incline curls, Fixed Exercise or (b) 1 session of incline curls followed by 1 session of preacher curls, Varied Exercise, with 7 days between sessions. Subjects performed 5 sets of 6 repetitions at ∼50% of maximal isometric elbow flexor strength during each session. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic torque, range of motion, muscle soreness, and serum creatine kinase were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after each exercise session, and the changes were compared between bouts and between groups. There were significant time effects (p < 0.05) for isometric maximal voluntary contraction, concentric maximal voluntary contraction, range of motion, and muscle soreness during sessions 1 and 2 with no between-group differences. Both groups demonstrated a significantly faster recovery of range of motion and soreness to baseline levels after session 2 compared with session 1. Overall, our findings suggest that incline curls conferred a protective effect during subsequent preacher curls in a similar way to repeating incline curls; therefore, the RBE was not exercise specific.
Protective effect of the type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram in EAU: protection is independent of IL-10-inducing activity.

PURPOSE Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a cell-mediated model of retinal autoimmunity that is negatively regulated by interleukin (IL)-10. The antidepressant drug rolipram, a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, enhances IL-10 production by monocyte/macrophages. The effect of rolipram on induction of EAU and its associated immunologic responses was investigated. METHODS Mice were challenged for EAU induction by immunization with the retinal antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) or by adoptive transfer of uveitogenic T cells and were treated with rolipram. EAU severity and immunologic responses to IRBP were analyzed. In addition, the effect of rolipram added to the culture on antigen-driven responses of primed lymph node cells was tested. RESULTS Rolipram treatment from days -1 to 7 after immunization (afferent phase) was not protective, but severity of EAU was reduced to 50% by treatment from days 8 to 16 after immunization or when EAU was induced by adoptive transfer (efferent phase). Antigen-specific proliferation and interferon (IFN)-gamma production ex vivo by lymph node cells of protected mice were not reduced. However, the addition of rolipram directly to the culture suppressed IRBP-driven proliferation and IFN-gamma production by primed lymph node cells. Freshly explanted lymph node cells of treated mice showed inhibition of IFN-gamma mRNA but no parallel enhancement of IL-10 mRNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Rolipram inhibited EAU in IL-10 knockout mice equally well compared with controls and suppressed their primed lymph node cells in culture. CONCLUSIONS Rolipram appears to inhibit the expansion and effector function of uveitogenic T cells, raising the possibility that it may be useful for treatment of established disease. Contrary to expectations based on in vitro studies, the protective effects in vivo appear to be independent of IL-10. The observation that suppression of antigen-specific responses is demonstrable only in the physical presence of the drug suggests that, in a clinical setting, continuous administration of rolipram might be needed to sustain its therapeutic effect.
Low C4, C4A and C4B gene copy numbers are stronger risk factors for juvenile-onset than for adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE Complete deficiency of Complement C4 component is a strong genetic risk factor for SLE. C4 is encoded by two different genes, C4A and C4B, which show considerable gene copy number (GCN) variation. This study investigates the association of total C4, C4A and C4B GCN with JSLE. METHODS Ninety JSLE patients, 170 adult-onset SLE (aSLE) patients and 200 healthy individuals were evaluated for C4A and C4B GCN by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS JSLE patients had lower GCN for C4A (mean = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 1.9) and C4B (mean = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.6) compared with healthy individuals (mean C4A = 2.3; 95% CI: 2.2, 2.5, P < 0.001; C4B = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.8, 2.1; P < 0.001) or with aSLE patients (mean C4A = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.8, 2.1, P = 0.006; mean C4B = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.7, 1.9, P < 0.001). Low total C4 GCN (<4 copies) was more frequent in JSLE than in healthy individuals (59% vs 28%; P < 0.001). The same was observed for low C4A (⩽1 copy) (52% vs 18%; P < 0.001) and for low C4B (60% vs 31%; P < 0.001). JSLE had a stronger association with low total C4 (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 2.19, 6.20), C4A (OR = 4.98, 95% CI: 2.88, 8.62) and C4B (OR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.95, 5.47) than aSLE (C4 OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.13; C4A OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.81; C4B OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.74). In addition, pericarditis in JSLE patients was associated with low C4 (OR = 4.13; 95% CI: 1.02, 16.68; P = 0.047) and low C4A (OR = 5.54; 95% CI: 1.37, 22.32; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Low total C4, C4A and C4B GCN were associated with a stronger risk for developing JSLE than aSLE. Additionally, low total C4 and C4A GCN are risk factors for pericarditis in JSLE.
Tibial Plateau Fractures: Definition, Demographics, Treatment Rationale, and Long‐Term Results of Closed Traction Management or Operative Reduction

Results of a decade of experience with 988 tibial plateau fractures are presented. Maximum plateau depression was measured on initial and follow-up x-ray studies, and knee instability was clinically evaluated to identify minor and major fractures as a guide to management. Demographic, treatment, and complication data were gathered prospectively in 753 fractures. Four hundred thirty-seven “major” tibial plateau fractures (44% of cases) were treated operatively; the remainder were treated by traction. Three hundred twenty patients who sustained only a plateau fracture were followed from 1 to 10 years, with an average of 3.7 years. Nonsurgical treatment included Buck's traction (89% of closed treatment cases) or a “knee exerciser” device utilizing skeletal traction in a Hodgson-Pearson apparatus. Early intermittent passive and active knee motion was encouraged. The complication rate of traction was 8%. The complication rate in operated patients was 19%, much of which was due to infection. Methods for objective and subjective scoring of both traction and operative results were developed and utilized. Results show that anatomic reduction of plateau fractures, in addition to early motion, is a major factor contributing to successful management of this potentially disabling injury.
Relationship between structure and function of dietary fibre: a comparative study of the effects of three galactomannans on cholesterol metabolism in the rat

Male adult rats were fed on diets containing 80 g/kg galactomannans with different galactose (G): mannose (M) ratios/kg. The galactomannans were compared with purified cellulose (Solkaflok) and the animals were also fed on a basal diet free from fibre. All diets contained cholesterol (10 g/kg) and sodium cholate (2 g/kg). The three galactomannans were fenugreek gum (1G:1M), guar gum (1G:2M) and locust-bean gum (1G:4M). In comparison with the fibre-free and Solkaflok diets, all three galactomannans lowered the concentrations of cholesterol in both liver and blood plasma. The galactomannans also decreased the rate of hepatic synthesis of cholesterol. Dietary galactomannans increased caecal volatile fatty acids, particularly propionic, increased the weight of the caecum and its contents and increased the amount of water in the faeces. The increase in propionic acid production was significantly related to a decrease in caecal pH, but not to changes in plasma cholesterol or hepatic cholesterol synthesis. These effects were significantly influenced by chemical composition and structure of the galactomannan; they were most evident when the proportion of galactose in the galactomannan was highest (i.e. fenugreek gum). The three galactomannans also differed markedly in their effects on the viscosity of the digesta, but the galactomannan which gave the highest viscosity was least effective in lowering plasma cholesterol. A separate experiment with perfused loops of small intestine in vivo showed that the most effective galactomannan, fenugreek gum, had no direct effect on cholesterol absorption.
Latent Profiles Among Sexual Assault Survivors

Rape resistance trainings need to prepare women to recognize and resist sexual assault across a range of experiences and contexts. To help address this need, this research used an investigation of 415 college women who completed a survey about their situational responding to an experience of acquaintance sexual assault. A previously established person-centered analysis model of four distinct risk and protective factor profiles was used to investigate the variability in women's responding. The profiling factors included women's prior victimization, alcohol consumption, relationship expectancies of the assailant, and assertive precautionary habits. Multivariate ANOVA was used to test for differences among the four profile groups on their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responding. Results showed that the profile groups significantly differed in their assault responses. The findings highlight the utility of holistic, multivariate analyses for understanding women's sexual assault responses and help inform tailored resistance and empowerment trainings.
Vectorial Transport of Enalapril by Oatp1a1/Mrp2 and OATP1B1 and OATP1B3/MRP2 in Rat and Human Livers

Although Oatp1a1 (rat organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a1) was the transporter found responsible for the hepatocellular entry of enalapril (EN) into the rat liver, the canalicular transporter involved for excretion of EN and the metabolite, enalaprilat (ENA), was unknown. The Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat (EHBR) that lacks Mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) was used to appraise the role of Mrp2 in the excretion of [3H]EN and its metabolite [3H]ENA in single-pass rat liver preparations. Although the total and metabolic clearances and hepatic extraction ratios at steady-state were virtually unaltered for EN in EHBR compared with published values of Sprague-Dawley rats, the biliary clearances of EN and ENA were significantly reduced almost to zero (P < 0.05). Involvement of human OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and MRP2 in EN transport was further assessed in single- or double-transfected mammalian cells. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells that expressed OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 showed that OATP1B3 transport of EN (20-500 μM) was of low affinity, whereas transport of EN by OATP1B1 was associated with the Km of 262 ± 35 μM, a value similar to that for Oatp1a1 (214 μM). The transcellular transport of EN via human OATP1B1 and MRP2, investigated with the double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells in the Transwell system, showed that the sinusoidal to canalicular flux of EN in the OATP1B1/MRP2/MDCK cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of mock/MDCK and OATP1B1/MDCK cells. EN was transported by Oatp1a1 and Mrp2 in rats and OATP1B1/OATP1B3 and MRP2 in humans.
Celebrity Credibility Influence on Cosmetic Product Purchase Intention

One of the strategies that are used by companies to differentiate their cosmetic products is celebrity endorsement. Despite this popular advertising technique, researchers and advertisers have not agreed as to which celebrity source characteristics are most effective in influencing consumers' purchase intention. Another important factor that affects consumers' purchase intention is the consumer ethnocentrism level. Consumers in different countries have different preference over local and international products. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to examine the source credibility theory with the moderating role of ethnocentrism. The result suggests that celebrity endorsers' trustworthiness (TR), attractiveness (AT), and expertise (EX) had a significant positive influence on cosmetic product purchase intention (CPPI). The moderating role of ethnocentrism between AT, TR, and CPPI were examined and found to be significant. This indicates that AT and TR are stronger when consumers' ethnocentrism is high.
Effects of physiological variations in circulating insulin levels on bone turnover in humans.

CONTEXT Recent studies in mice have demonstrated that insulin signaling in osteoblasts stimulates bone formation and reduces osteoprotegerin production; the latter results in an increase in bone resorption, which then leads to the release of undercarboxylated osteocalcin from bone. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin, in turn, enhances insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test whether physiological changes in insulin levels regulate bone metabolism in humans. DESIGN This investigation was an analysis of samples from a prospective study. SETTING The study was conducted at a clinical research unit. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Fourteen subjects underwent a 7-h stepped insulin infusion accompanied by a glucose clamp and somatostatin infusion along with replacement infusions of GH and glucagon, thus isolating possible effects of insulin on bone. Insulin was infused at rates achieving low (∼150 pmol/liter), intermediate (∼350 pmol/liter), or high (∼700 pmol/liter) plasma insulin levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bone turnover markers, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin levels at the end of the low, intermediate, and high dose insulin infusions were measured. RESULTS Values for the outcome measures at the end of the intermediate- and high-dose insulin infusions were no different from values at the end of the low-dose insulin infusion. However, measures of insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion and disappearance rates) correlated positively with C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels. CONCLUSIONS Acute changes in insulin levels, as occur during meals, do not regulate bone turnover, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, or osteoprotegerin levels. However, the correlation of measures of insulin sensitivity with bone resorption suggests the need for further studies in humans on the possible regulation of bone metabolism by insulin.
Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late Middle Age in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention Study: Prevalence and Characteristics Using Robust and Standard Neuropsychological Normative Data.

OBJECTIVE Detecting cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and early mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is challenging, but important for treatments targeting AD-related neurodegeneration. The current study aimed to investigate the utility and performance of internally developed robust norms and standard norms in identifying cognitive impairment in late middle-age (baseline age range = 36-68; M = 54). METHOD Robust norms were developed for neuropsychological measures based on longitudinally confirmed cognitively normal (CN) participants (n= 476). Seven hundred and seventy-nine participants enriched for AD risk were classified as psychometric MCI (pMCI) or CN based on standard and robust norms and "single-test" versus "multi-test" criteria. RESULTS Prevalence of pMCI ranged from 3% to 49% depending on the classification scheme used. Those classified as pMCI using robust norms exhibited greater subjective cognitive complaints, diagnostic stability, and mild clinical symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that identifying early clinically relevant cognitive decline in late middle-age is feasible using robust norms and multi-test criteria.
Environmental Risk Factors of Pediatric-Onset Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis

Objectives: The aim of this population-based observational case-control questionnaire study was to investigate the possible role of environmental risk factors associated with pediatric-onset autoimmune liver diseases. Methods: Seventy-one patients with autoimmune liver diseases (<16 years) received a questionnaire with 22 items, evaluating contact with environmental factors (eg, family manners, type of housing, pets) before the diagnosis. Two age- and sex-matched control groups were used: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; n = 91) and healthy subjects (n = 716; matched also for place of residence at birth). Univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval) for all variables was calculated. Fisher exact test was performed to depict associations between variables and the multivariate logistic regression to test their interactions. Results: In the final analyses, the responses of 51 autoimmune liver diseases cases (n = 51/71, 72%), 59 IBD controls (n = 59/91, 65%), and 292 healthy controls (n = 292/716, 41%) were investigated. In univariate analysis only having a cat, a dog, and a cat or a dog were risk factors of autoimmune liver diseases (OR varying between 2.6–3.4); no other significant associations (eg, place of residence, number of siblings, family manners) were found. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that especially living with a cat in block of flats was a risk factor (OR 3.6, 1.2–10.8). Conclusions: Living in a close contact with a pet (especially a cat) was a risk factor of autoimmune liver diseases. This finding may suggest an involvement of an unidentified agent (ie, toxin/microbe) among the triggers of these diseases.
Analysis of employee and management fraud in Tanzania

Purpose The study aims to explore specific motivations, rationalizations and opportunities that are involved in the occurrences of both employee and management fraud in the context of an emerging African country, Tanzania. It builds and extends from the fraud triangle theory. Design/methodology/approach A survey was developed and administered to 114 participants who had witnessed, had examined or had been involved in fraud resolutions. The participants included fraud examiners, business managers and owners, victims, auditors, lawyers, and law enforcement agents. The data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Findings The results revealed six motivation factors that incentivize employees and managers to engage in fraudulent behaviours. These are business financial strain, social incentives and pressure, greed, operating problems, internal pressures and malevolent work environment. In addition, fraudsters rationalized their behaviour through five significant neutralization techniques identified as social weighting, transferring of blame, denial of injury, attitude and prior fraud history. Lastly, victim organisations were identified to have three main fraud opportunities: poor control environment, inadequate control activities and circumstances that allowed collusive behaviour among fraudsters. Research limitations/implications While the study attempted to explore the motivations, opportunities and rationalizations from the perspectives of the fraud-fighting professionals and witnesses, their views and suggestions might be different from the actual known fraudsters or incarcerated individuals. Practical implications Business organisations, fraud-fighting professionals and general community must understand the factors behind fraud occurrences, so proper measures may be taken to limit the frequency and amount of fraud losses. Social implications Creation of public awareness and dialogue necessary for the prevention, fighting and deterrence against all forms of fraud. Originality/value Despite the occurrences of many scams in both public and private sectors, limited studies exist as to the triggers behind fraud occurrences in the context of the developing countries and whether these triggers are the same as in other contexts. This study is an attempt to fill this gap.