Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak Separability and the Estimation of Elasticities in Multistage Demand Systems

The necessary conditions for multistage budgeting to be at least approximately justified are reviewed, and the plausibility of these assumptions (i.e., weak separability and low variability of price indices with utility level) are discussed. Using no further assumptions, simple relationships between expenditure and price elasticities in different budgeting levels are derived. These results are applied to a three-stage model for Swedish food consumption, and it is shown that the assumptions are not inappropriate. Restricting the analysis to the last stage of a multistage budgeting process is also shown to lead to considerable errors, which could well have policy consequences. Copyright 1997, Oxford University Press.
Regional inequalities, fiscal decentralization and government quality: empirical evidence from simultaneous equations

There are theoretical arguments supporting the view that regional income inequalities, the degree of fiscal decentralization and the quality of government are simultaneously determined. To the extent that previous work has considered feedback effects between them, it has done so through instrumental variable estimates based on instruments whose validity can be questioned. Moreover, most existing work has estimated the relationship between any two of these variables in the absence of the third. Our empirical evidence, drawn from a sample of 23 OECD countries and based on a simultaneous equation model which accounts for the joint determination of these three variables, suggests that a process of fiscal decentralization, accompanied by measures to improve the quality of government, would be an effective strategy for reducing regional inequalities.
APLICACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE FUERZA EN FUTBOLISTAS JÓVENES

El objetivo de este estudio, es comprobar el efecto de un programa de 20 sesiones de entrenamiento especifico de fuerza en futbolistas jovenes. Participaron 38 sujetos en el estudio, divididos en un grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo control (GC). Al GE se le administro un entrenamiento de futbol y un trabajo especifico de fuerza; mientras el GC solo efectuo practica de futbol. Ambos fueron evaluados al inicio y al final del programa, con el objetivo de conocer su fuerza dinamica maxima en los flexores y extensores de la rodilla; su masa muscular en las extremidades inferiores; el porcentaje de grasa; y, por ultimo, la velocidad en las pruebas de 10 y 20 metros. Unicamente el GE mejora de forma muy significativa la fuerza dinamica maxima ( p <0,01). No se encuentran diferencias en la masa muscular, ni en la velocidad. El GE y el GC incrementan el porcentaje de grasa corporal. PALABRAS CLAVE : entrenamiento de fuerza; futbol; composicion corporal; fuerza maxima; velocidad. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to check the effect of a specific training strength program on young footballers. 38 players took place in the study; they were divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The EG added a specific strength work to their football workout, whereas the CG just practised football. Both of them were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the program to know their maximum dynamic strength in their flexor and extensor muscles of their knees; their muscle mass in their lower extremities; their body mass and fat percentage; and their speed in the 10 and 20 metres trials. Just the EG improves remarkably their maximum dynamic strength … No differences in their muscle mass or in their movement strength are found. The EG and the CG increase their MBRate and their body fat. KEYWORDS : resistance training; soccer; body composition; maximum dynamic strength; speed.
The role of nTRIP6 in adult myogenesis

The transcriptional adaptor co-repressor nTRIP6 represses MEF2C activity in proliferating myoblasts by recruiting HDAC5 in order to prevent premature differentiation of myoblasts. Loss of nTRIP6 function in myoblasts leads to premature expression of differentiation markers in combination with an impairment in the fusion process. This was also observed in satellite specific trip6 knockout mice, where the loss of nTRIP6 resulted in smaller muscle fibre size after regeneration in combination increased number of unfused myogenic cells.
Standardization of corn starch as a fat replacer in buffalo calf meat sausages and its effect on the quality attributes

The present study envisaged optimization and evaluation of corn starch (CS) level as a fat replacer in buffalo calf meat. A total of four treatments of sausages viz. Control: 20% fat, T-1: 3% CS, T-2: 6% CS, T-3: 9% CS were tried to select suitable level of fat replacer on the basis of water holding capacity, emulsion stability and sensory evaluation. The sausages with selected level of CS were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, texture profile, thio-barbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), proximate composition and sensory attributes. The 6% level of CS was found optimum and the cooking yield, pH, moisture content, protein content and sensory scores of selected sausages were significantly (P<0.05) higher in comparison to control, however vice-versa for TBARS and fat content. The study concluded that 6% CS level is optimum to develop the low-fat sausages with improved quality and with 43% lower calorie content.
Inclusion of Red Osier Dogwood in High-Forage and High-Grain Diets Affected in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is an abundant shrub plant in Canada and other places in the world. It is rich in antioxidants such as quercetin, gallic acid and tyrosol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with ROD in high-forage (HF) or high-grain (HG) diets on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in ruminal batch cultures. The study was a randomized design with 2 media pH (5.8 vs. 6.5) × 4 doses of ROD. An additional treatment of monensin and tylosin was added as a positive control for each pH level. The basic diet consisted of 60% barley silage and 40% barley grain for HF or 15% silage and 85% grain for HG diet. The barley silage was partly replaced with ROD at 0, 3, 6 or 12% in both diets (DM basis). Each diet was incubated for 24 h in culture bottles with three replicates for each treatment combination, and three runs on different days. The GP and DMD were greater (P<0.01) with media pH 6.5 vs. pH 5.8. The DMD linearly (P<0.01) decreased at pH 5.8 with increasing levels of ROD. Increasing ROD levels also linearly (P<0.01) decreased total VFA concentration and the proportion of propionate, and increased (P<0.01) the acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) at pH 5.8. Compared to the antibiotic treatment, the inclusion of ROD resulted in lower (P<0.02) DMD at pH 5.8, and a greater (P<0.01) proportion of acetate but a lower (P<0.01) proportion of propionate. These results indicated that the DMD of diets and the fermentation pattern were adversely affected by ROD at pH 5.8. However, the increased A:P along with the decreased DMD at pH 5.8, suggested a lower impact on fibre digestion than on starch digestion by ROD. Feeding ROD may therefore potentially reduce the incidence of rumen acidosis resulting from feeding HG diets to ruminants by decreasing starch digestion in the rumen.
Vertical particle-flux in outer shelf waters of the southern bay-of-biscay in summer 1993

Export of particulate matter out of the euphotic zone was measured in the southern Bay of Biscay in summer 1993 using shallow (50 m) sediment traps deployed for a short period in outer shelf waters. The sedimented material consisted of intact and degraded faecal pellets, diatom frustules, coccolithophorid cells, detached coccoliths and zooplankton remains. Measured vertical fluxes were 173-236 mg C m(-2) day(-1), 18-20 mg N m(-2) day(-1) and 3.8-4.5 mg C m(-2) day(-1), respectively for particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC). The downward flux of POC represented 24-37% of the estimated primary production. Export of PIC accounted for only 2% of the total carbon flux. A large proportion (50-70%) of the material retained in the traps originated from phytoplankton. The contribution of 'living' phytoplankton to organic carbon fluxing out of the fertile zone was, however, less than 10%.
Investor Size and Division of Labor: Evidence from a Survey of Private Equity Limited Partners

Using a comprehensive survey, we show that investors with a larger capital allocation to private equity are more specialized and have a wider scope of due diligence and investment activities. Smaller investors tend to free ride on decisions made by larger investors. Other investor characteristics (experience, type, location, compensation structure, number of funds under management) play no role. These results are consistent with increasing returns to scale for due diligence, and with the savings generated by increased scale going into increasing scope rather than into cost reduction. Our findings provide an explanation for the observed outperformance of larger investors when it comes to investing in private equity.
Post-crack capacity of mechanically reinforced glass beams (MRGB)

Glass has been used in the building envelope for centuries; however, an increasing trend towards utilizing it for load-carrying structures is seen over the last couple of decades. Glass has a very high compressive strength compared to traditionally load-carrying materials used in civil engineering. On the other hand, due to the brittleness of glass, the tensile strength is governed by surface flaws and is therefore low and unreliable. In order to obtain a ductile global behavior of structural elements made of glass, steel reinforcement can be used in a way similar to what is seen for concrete. In spite of the obvious differences between glass and concrete, several analogies can be drawn between reinforced glass and reinforced concrete. During the last couple of years research in the reinforcement of float glass beams has been carried out, and a ductile behavior has been demonstrated experimentally. The present work is concerned with deriving and verifying design formulas for such beams and investigating the influence on the behavior for different parameters. The design formulas cover the un-cracked state as well as the cracked state and anchorage failure in the form of de-bonding of the reinforcement. The derived formulas are compared with experimental observations and FEM models in order to demonstrate their validity.
Quality and shelf life status of salted and sun dried fishes of Tuticorin fishing villages in different seasons.

The nutritional quality and shelf life of salted and sun dried fishes of Tuticorin coastal villages were assessed seasonally. The quality parameters varied with seasons and it was poor during monsoon season. The spoilage indicators TMA-N and TVB-N of the dried fish sample did not exceed the permissible limit. During monsoon season the dried fish showed visible fungal growth within one month of storage. During the second month of the post monsoon period dried fish showed slight visible fungal growth. In summer season, no visible fungal colonies even after 90 days of storage were recorded. During the storage period dried fishes absorbed moisture from the atmosphere which resulted in the increase of microbial load and in turn led to the increase of TVB-N value. The poor quality of dried fishes were mainly due to unhygienic processing, inadequate salting, unhygienic drying, use of spoiled fish for processing and lack of air tight packing of the dried fishes.
Comparing Feature Sets and Classifiers for Sentiment Analysis of Opinionated Free Text

This master thesis is about the sentiment analysis of the societal theme documents and categorizing them in positive or negative groups. The application of this thesis can be widely used in review blogs, public polls and etc. In this study, we have compared different feature sets as well as different classifiers on datasets of opinionated texts with societal themes. These datasets consist of one large and 6 small sets in terms of number of documents. By considering the often used “Bag of Words” feature set as the base line we have tested 4 other models and came to this conclusion that selecting features with their part of speech tags can always improve the results of sentiment classification while adjective and negation tags can describe the opinionated documents more informatively in much smaller matrices which saves a lot of memory and processing time. Moreover, by selecting these tags according to their PMI ranks in positive and negative labeled documents, we obtained the most informative sentimental words. On the other hand, based on the obtained results, in contrast with the predominant attitude in the sentiment analysis field that support vector machine (SVC) is the best classifier for binary classification of opinionated documents, we found the linear discriminate classifier (LDC) can perform as well as support vector machine but 10 times faster. The consumed time is convincing enough to substitute SVC with LDC in sentiment analysis when we have a large number of features as is the case in a Bag of Words model due to the fact that the time that SVC needs for predicting labels is quadratic in terms of number of documents. The feature vectors obtained through PMI analysis are relatively small, we found that as a consequence, the k-nearest Neighbor Classifier (KNNC) could train well and gave the most accurate results in comparison with LDC and SVC in both large and small datasets. It should be stressed that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used in this study in order to extract mathematically the most common features in all the models.
A RESPONSE TO POLLUTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES FROM SHIPS

Transport of cargo and passengers has a negative influence on human and nature habitats. Pollution in air and water, with its negative impact on environment and quality of human life, was an objective in this research. Use of satellite communication technologies for sea pollution monitoring has been analyzed in this article. Satellite communication technology today, covers monitoring of oil pollutions. Technological limitations and improving potential of that kind of monitoring were listed and described. It has been researched possibility of use of monitoring potential of oil discharge monitor for monitoring of chemical pollutions from the ships. Certain cases from operational experience and registered accidents were explained in this paper. Possible reasons of the accidents were brought out after experience cases were analyzed. Chemical pollution cases were taken as good examples in this review, being compared against oil pollution cases. Minor oil pollutions in coastal area were drastically reduced since oil discharge monitor has been in use. That advantage in oil cases is being taken into consideration in this paper and another solution proposed. Proposed solution in this review is possibility of use of satellite positioning system combined with good software programs and emergency procedures already in use on the ships. In this solution satellite communication technologies would force up ship operators to work in accordance with the pollution prevention law. Automation would stop chemical pollution in coastal areas.
Experimental and theoretical results for a two‐dimensional metal photonic band‐gap cavity

We demonstrate, by both microwave experiments and numerical simulation, that a two‐dimensional lattice of metal cylinders can form a complete photonic band‐gap (PBG) structure. The band structure exhibits a single broad PBG extending from zero frequency to a threshold frequency, above which all modes may propagate in some direction. A single cylinder removed from the lattice produces a defect mode localized about the defect site, with an energy density attenuation rate of 30 dB per lattice constant. The frequency dependence of the transmission through a finite thickness of this structure is also calculated in good agreement with the measurements. We suggest that the defect mode resonant cavity when formed by appropriate low loss metals may be advantageous for use in PBG high energy accelerator structures that we are evaluating.
Personality differences between men and women

Lori K. Ingoldsby Personality Differences Between Men and Women, 1995 Dr. Klanderman & Dr. Dihoff School Psychology The purpose of this study was to compare personality types of men and women and to examine if Jung's predictions of certain personality types occurring more fequently in males is supported Subjects were 20 male and 20 female undergraduate volunteers, ranging in age from 18-26 years. Personality types were measured using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, form G. A chi-square test for independence showed support that personality type is dependent on gender. A significant difference was found for the following personality attitudes and functions: introversion and extraversion, and thinking and feeling. Men were found to be more likely to be introverted and thinking, while women were more likely to be extraverted and feeling in this study. However, no significant difference was found for sensing and intuition or judging and perceiving between the men and women in this sample.
Assessment of vadose zone sampling methods for detection of preferential herbicide transport

Accurate soil water sampling is needed for monitoring of pesticide leaching through the vadose zone, especially in soils with significant preferential flowpaths. We assessed the effectiveness of wick and gravity pan lysimeters as well as ceramic cups (installed 45–60 cm deep) in strongly-structured silty clay loam (Hudson series) and weakly-structured fine sandy loam (Arkport series) soils. Simulated rainfall (10–14 cm in 4 d, approximately equal to a 10-yr, 24 h storm) was applied following concurrent application of agronomic rates (0.2 g m −2 ) of atrazine (6-chloro-N 2 -ethyl-N 4 -isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic acid) immediately following application of a chloride tracer (22–44 g m −2 ). Preferential flow mechanisms were observed in both soils, with herbicide and tracer mobility greater than would be predicted by uniform flow. Preferential flow was more dominant in the Hudson soil, with earlier breakthroughs observed. Mean wick and gravity pan sampler percolate concentrations at 60 cm depth ranged from 96 to 223 μg L −1 for atrazine and 54 to 78 μg L −1 for 2,4-D at the Hudson site, and from 7 to 22 μg L −1 for atrazine and 0.5 to 2.8 μg L −1 for 2,4-D at the Arkport site. Gravity and wick pan lysimeters had comparably good collection efficiencies at elevated soil moisture levels, whereas wick pan samplers performed better at lower moisture contents. Cup samplers performed poorly with wide variations in collections and solute concentrations.
Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts of climate change on human populations

Aim It has been qualitatively understood for a long time that climate change will have widely varying effects on human well-being in different regions of the world. The spatial complexities underlying our relationship to climate and the geographical disparities in human demographic change have, however, precluded the development of global indices of the predicted regional impacts of climate change on humans. Humans will be most negatively affected by climate change in regions where populations are strongly dependent on climate and favourable climatic conditions decline.Here we use the relationship between the distribution of human population density and climate as a basis to develop the first global index of predicted impacts of climate change on human populations. Location Global.
Accumulation of coal humic acids by wheat seedlings: Direct evidence using tritium autoradiography and occurrence in lipid fraction

Humic acids (HA) are natural organic compounds that are important components of organic matter. The accumulation, distribution, and fate of tritium-labeled HA prepared from coal were analyzed using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. There was a period of rapid accumulation of HA followed by a slower one in the period from 1 to 24h. There was a significant decrease in HA accumulation at low temperature, indicating that the slower rate of HA accumulation represented a membrane-mediated process. HA distribution in plant tissues was analyzed using autoradiography. In all cases, HA concentration was considerably higher in the roots than in the shoots. Detailed examination of autoradiograms showed that there was preferential accumulation of HA in the apices of roots and shoots of wheat seedlings. Lipid fractions were extracted from seedlings and analyzed with thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. These analyses revealed that labeled HA were present in the neutral lipid fraction consisting mainly of alkanes and alkenes, which are usually found in plant waxes, associated with the cuticle and suberized tissues. Based on these data, it is suggested that HA-derived hydrocarbons may be used in wax biosynthesis. This role could explain the mitigating activity of humic substances under stress conditions.
IMPACT OF JUTE RETTING ON NATIVE FISH DIVERSITY AND AQUATIC HEALTH OF ROADSIDE TRANSITORY WATER BODIES: AN ASSESSMENT IN EASTERN INDIA

Roadside transitory water bodies being manmade depressions have a great ecological and socio-economic importance from years. The effects of agricultural runoffs, jute retting, macro-phytes infestations and inadequate rainfall in changed climate often degrade transitory water bodies’ environment while the biodiversity have impacted severely because of population pressure, over exploitation and indiscriminate use of fine meshed fishing gears as a whole. Physico-chemical and biological analysis with fish species composition, relative abundance, diversity indices like species richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener index were carried out for pre-, during and post-jute retting season and for year mean as a whole to assess impact of jute retting on the roadside transitory water body’s environmental health and indigenous fish diversity at Sahebnagar village in Nadia District, India. All the physico-chemical parameters barring biochemical oxygen demand and water transparency remained more or less same or marginally got little changed during those three seasons. As much as 19 native fish species with varied relative abundances and dominances were identified. Jute retting impacted lower native fish diversity indices like Shannon-Wiener index values (1.94 to 2.68) clearly indicated poor to moderate pollution status of the transitory water body in that area during monsoon in particular and throughout the year in general. So we opined there should be some control over the intense jute retting in the road side transitory water bodies for sustainable management of these manmade resources.