Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

The experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV during the rabi (winter) season of two consecutive years i.e. 2009-10 and 2010-11. In both the years, big to medium size cloves cv. Katki were planted during middle of October, in 2.0 m x 1.5 m plots, at 20 x 15 cm spacing accommodating 100 plants per plot. The experiment with four levels of -1 -1 sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha ) and five levels of nitrogen (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha ) was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications assigning sulphur levels in main plot and nitrogen levels in sub-plots.The maximum plant height (76.16 cm), leaf number (11.96), equatorial diameter (3.92 cm), and number of cloves per bulb (34.27) were observed with S N . But the plants 60 250 grown under S N interaction recorded widest leaf (1.52 cm), maximum polar diameter (3.67 cm), weight of bulb (33.68 g), yield 60 200 2 -1 per plot (3.00 kg per 3m ), projected yield (7.50 t ha ), maximum net return (Rs. 1,48,038/-) and B : C ratio (1.92). The minimum plant height (50.72 cm), leaf number (7.32), weight of bulb (19.15 g), projected yield (4.23 t/ha), net return (Rs. 52,736/-) and B:C -1 ratio (0.71) were observed under S N treatment. From yield maximization and B:C ratio point of view 60 kg S ha and 200 kg N 0 50 -1 -1 ha was found best when applied with 125 kg P O and 150 kg K O ha . 2 5 2
Deriving origin destination data from a mobile phone network

Acquiring high-quality origin-destination (OD) information for traffic in a geographic area is both time consuming and expensive while using conventional methods such as household surveys or roadside monitoring. These methods generally present only a snapshot of traffic situation at a certain point in time, and they are updated in time intervals of up to several years. A technique was developed that makes use of the global system for mobile communications (GSM) mobile phone network. Instead of monitoring the flow of vehicles in a transportation network, the flow of mobile phones in a cell-phone network is measured and correlated to traffic flow. This methodology is based on the fact that a mobile phone moving on a specific route always tends to change the base station nearly at the same position. For a first pilot study, a GSM network simulator has been designed, where network data can be simulated, which is then extracted from the phone network, correlated, processed mathematically and converted into an OD matrix. Primary results show that the method has great potential, and the results inferred are much more cost-effective than those generated with traditional techniques. This is due to the fact that no change has to be made in the GSM network, because the information that is needed can readily be extracted from the base station database, that is the entire infrastructure needed is already in place
Is the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation affected by solar wind dynamic pressure via an annual cycle modulation?

[1] In this study, statistical evidence of a possible modulation of the equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) by the solar wind dynamic pressure is provided. When solar wind dynamic pressure is high, the QBO at 30–70 hPa is found to be preferably more easterly during July–October. These lower stratospheric easterly anomalies are primarily linked to the high-frequency component of solar wind dynamic pressure with periods shorter than 3 years. In annually and seasonally aggregated daily averages, the signature of solar wind dynamic pressure in the equatorial zonal wind is characterized by a vertical three-cell anomaly pattern with westerly anomalies in both the troposphere and the upper stratosphere and easterly anomalies in the lower stratosphere. This anomalous behavior in tropical winds is accompanied by a downward propagation of positive temperature anomalies from the upper stratosphere to the lower stratosphere over a period of a year. These results suggest that the solar wind dynamic pressure exerts a seasonal change of the tropical upwelling that results in a systemic modulation of the annual cycle in the lower stratospheric temperature, which in turn affects the QBO during austral late winter and spring.
A Theoretical Framework for Bayesian Optimization Convergence ALEXANDRE SCOTTO

Bayesian optimization is a well known class of derivative-free optimization algorithms mainly used for expensive black-box objective functions. Despite their efficiency, they suffer from a lack of rigorous convergence criterion which makes them more prone to be used as modeling tools rather than optimizing tools. This master thesis proposes, analyzes, and tests a globally convergent framework (that is to say the convergence to a stationary point regardless the initial sample) for Bayesian optimization algorithms. The framework design intends to preserve the global search characteristics for minimum while being rigorously monitored to converge.
Isentropic Cross-Tropopause Ozone Transport in the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract This paper investigates isentropic ozone exchange between the extratropical lower stratosphere and the subtropical upper troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere. The quantification method is based on the potential vorticity (PV) mapping of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE)-II ozone measurements and contour advection calculations using the NASA Goddard Space Center Data Assimilation Office (DAO) analysis for the year 1990. The magnitude of the annual isentropic stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone flux is calculated to be approximately twice the flux that is directed from the troposphere into the stratosphere. The net effect is that ∼46 × 109 kg yr−1 of ozone are transferred quasi horizontally from the extratropical lower stratosphere into the subtropical upper troposphere between the isentropic surfaces of 330 and 370 K. The estimated monthly ozone fluxes show that the isentropic cross-tropopause ozone transport is stronger in summer/fall than in winter/ spring, and this seasonality is .
Board characteristics and company performance: Evidence from Nigeria

This study examines the relationship between board characteristics and company performance (measured by turnover) in Nigeria. The study uses multiple regression technique on 90 sampled firms from the main board of Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2012. The empirical evidence shows that board size and board education are positively and significantly related to company performance. While there is no relationship between board equity, board independence, and board age. Also, this study evidences a negative significant between board women and turnover. Their appointment is window dressing as the percentage is too small for meaningful positive effect on company performance. Based on this finding, the study recommends legislation mandating companies listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange to appoint at least 30 to 35% of women on the board of directors.
Effects of "The Work" Meditation on Psychopathologic Symptoms

Background: “The Work” meditation, developed by Ms. Byron Katie, is a meditative process that trains people to reduce their perceived level of stress by self-inquiry regarding their thoughts and beliefs connected to stressful circumstances or symptoms. This meditation approach has been practiced by hundreds of thousands of people in more than 20 countries, and its effectiveness has been demonstrated extensively. Yet, there has been no empirical evaluation of its efficacy to date. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of “The Work” meditation on psychologic symptoms in individuals who were recruited from the general population in several European countries. Design: This was a single-group pilot clinical trial (open label). Intervention: The study design involved a baseline assessment of psychologic symptoms before a 9-day “The Work” intervention, another assessment immediately following the intervention, and a third assessment 3 months postintervention. Forty-seven volunteers participated in this trial. Main outcome measures: The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised was used for evaluating the effects of this intervention. Results: “The Work” intervention significantly reduced a wide variety of psychopathologic symptoms of depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, obsessive–compulsiveness, paranoid ideation, and psychotic symptoms. All but one symptom (hostility) remained significantly low at the 3-month follow-up evaluation. Conclusions: “The Work” intervention was an effective tool for reducing a variety of psychopathologic symptoms. This pilot study is the first to highlight the beneficial effects of “The Work” and suggests that this form of meditation may help alleviate a variety of mental health problems and improve psychologic functioning. These preliminary findings are very encouraging and warrant further randomized controlled trials.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Contents of Root Canals bturated With Gutta Percha and AH-26 Sealer or Resilon nd Epiphany Sealer rian

H e a bstract he purpose of this study was to compare the contents of oot canals obturated with gutta percha and AH-26 sealer Dentsply, Tulsa, OK) to canals obturated with the Resilon nd Epiphany (Pentron, Wallingford, CT) system. Canal ontents were assessed by determining the percentage of anal space occupied by core material, sealer, voids, and ebris. Forty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth ere instrumented, and the teeth were randomly assigned o either the gutta percha/AH 26 group or the Epiphany/ esilon group. Canals were obturated, and the teeth were ubsequently embedded in resin and sectioned horizonally at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the anatomic apex. Sections ere photographed by using a low vacuum scanning lectron microscope. Image-J (Wayne Rasband; National nstitute of Health, Bethesda, MD) software was used to uantify the proportion of core material, sealer, voids, and ebris in each canal. Percentages and statistical comparsons for each method were compared. There were no ignificant differences found among the two groups in erms of the percentage of core (p 0.9), sealer (p .58), debris (p 0.999), or voids (p 1.00). Additionlly, there were no differences in the percentage of core aterial, sealer, debris, or voids at any of the examined evels (2, 4, or 6 mm). (J Endod 2007;33:1359–1363)
Natural products inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative pathology that primarily affects the elderly population, and is estimated to account for 50-60% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. The main symptoms associated with AD involve cognitive dysfunction, primarily memory loss. Other features associated with the later stages of AD include language deficits, depression, behavioural problems including agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. One of the most promising approaches for treating this disease is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The present work reviews the literature on plants and plant-derived compounds inhibitors of enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The review refers to 309 plant extracts and 260 compounds isolated from plants, which are classified in appropriate chemical groups and model tested, and cites their activity. For this purpose 175 references were consulted.
Comparative phylogeography of Nearctic and Palearctic fishes

Combining phylogeographic data from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Nearctic and Palearctic freshwater and anadromous fishes, we used a comparative approach to assess the influence of historical events on evolutionary patterns and processes in regional fish faunas. Specifically, we (i) determined whether regional faunas differentially affected by Pleistocene glaciations show predictable differences in phylogeographic patterns; (ii) evaluated how processes of divergence and speciation have been influenced by such differential responses; and (iii) assessed the general contribution of phylogeographic studies to conservation issues. Comparisons among case studies revealed fundamental differences in phylogeographic patterns among regional faunas. Tree topologies were typically deeper for species from nonglaciated regions compared to northern species, whereas species with partially glaciated ranges were intermediate in their characteristics. Phylogeographic patterns were strikingly similar among southern species, whereas species in glaciated areas showed reduced concordance. The extent and locations of secondary contact among mtDNA lineages varied greatly among northern species, resulting in reduced intraspecific concordance of genetic markers for some northern species. Regression analysis of phylogeographic data for 42 species revealed significant latitudinal shifts in intraspecific genetic diversity. Both relative nucleotide diversity and estimates of evolutionary effective population size showed significant breakpoints matching the median latitude for the southern limit of the Pleistocene glaciations. Similarly, analysis of clade depth of phylogenetically distinct lineages vs. area occupied showed that evolutionary dispersal rates of species from glaciated and nonglaciated regions differed by two orders of magnitude. A negative relationship was also found between sequence divergence among sister species as a function of their median distributional latitude, indicating that recent bursts of speciation events have occurred in deglaciated habitats. Phylogeographic evidence for parallel evolution of sympatric northern species pairs in postglacial times suggested that differentiation of cospecific morphotypes may be driven by ecological release. Altogether, these results demonstrate that comparative phylogeography can be used to evaluate not only phylogeographic patterns but also evolutionary processes. As well as having significant implications for conservation programs, this approach enables new avenues of research for examining the regional, historical, and ecological factors involved in shaping intraspecific genetic diversity.
Factors affecting nitrogen concentration in spring oilseed

The effect of the duration of the growth season, meaning daily temperature, precipitation rate, growing degree in days, nitrogen rates and application time, stand population density, soil nitrogen content and the interaction among these factors on nitrogen concentration in spring oilseed rape plants of aboveground dry ma�er. During the vegetative growth season, mature seeds and straw were studied in field experiment with spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cv. Star over five years. It was found that nitrogen concentration was the highest in the youngest plants. The increase of duration in growth season and precipitation rate had a negative effect on nitrogen concentration in mature seeds. Meanwhile, the increase in growing degree-days and mean daily temperature positively affected seed nitrogen concentration. The relationships between nitrogen concentration in spring oilseed rape plants at different growth stages and climate records was found. Stand population density occurred having a rather negligible effect on nitrogen concentration. Nitrogen fertilizer rates showed strong and positive effect on nitrogen concentration in aboveground dry ma�er as well as in seed and straw. With the delay of nitrogen application time concentration of nitrogen was increasing.
Search Unemployment in a Dynamic New

The monetary transmission mechanism plays an important role in studying the persistent effects of monetary policy. At least since Chari et al. (2000) it is generally accepted that New Keynesian models of the business cycle display a ‘persistence’ problem. In this paper, we follow the approach of Walsh (2002) and include search unemployment in a dynamic New Keynesian model of the business cycle in order to study the effects of a monetary shock. After deriving the equilibrium solution of the model, we study the behavior of the impulse response functions due to a monetary shock. To complete our analysis we confront the results of our simulation to time series evidence for the U.S., U.K. and Germany. Our main result is that the implementation of search unemployment does improve the capability of the model to reproduce some stylized facts of the monetary transmission mechanism, however, to a lesser degree than expected. JEL classification: E24, E32, J40, J63 ∗We would like to thank Ingo Barens, Volker Caspari and Willi Semmler for helpful discussions. Of course, all remaining errors are our own. ∗∗Scientific Staff, German Council of Economic Experts, D-65180 Wiesbaden, email: rafael.gerke@destatis.de ‡Institute of Economics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Residenzschloss, D-64283 Darmstadt, and Center for Empirical Macroeconomics, University of Bielefeld, email: rubart@vwl.tudarmstadt. de
Estimating the Effects of Human Rights Treaties on State Behavior

Though research suggests that international regimes that coordinate economic and security policy can alter state behavior, research examining the effect of human rights treaties on state behavior has found that these agreements do little to curb repressive practices. However, those studies neglect to account for the fact that several of the state-level characteristics which are known to affect repressive practices also influence the likelihood of a state making a formal commitment to the human rights regime. States that commit and states that do not are likely to have different domestic institutional features. Systematic heterogeneity across ratifiers and nonratifiers makes it difficult to infer the level of repression that would have been observed in a state had it not committed to the treaty in question. This paper employs matching techniques that address this problem and allow for more valid inferences about the effects of human rights treaties on repressive practices. The impact of human rights treati.
Impact Of Apolipoprotein E4 On Development And Cognitive Function In Giardia-Infected Children

Parasitic worms have largely been over looked by medicine, but attitudes are changing with the realization that they can seriously affect child development and cognition while the treatment is easy and cheap. The aim of this study is to elucidate ApoE and neurodevelopment in Giardiasis patients and the role of ApoE isoforms in childhood cognition and infant development.The present study was performed on 75 Giardia-infected patients (1-9 years). All patients suffered from sole Giardia infection with normal blood pictures. They were subjected to anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, cognitive functioning, developmental assessments and determination of apolipoprotein E allelic forms.ApoE genotypes in the studied children were 5, 6, 2, 30, 18 and 14 for E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4 and E4/4, respectively. There were no significant differences in the different genotypes regarding lipid profiles. There were also no significant differences regarding demographic and anthropometric measurement as well as cognitive function between ApoE4 carrier and non carrier, while highly significant differences were observed between ApoE4 carrier and non carrier regarding developmental assay, in children below 4 years.In conclusion, the ApoE4 isoforms have a protective role on cognitive development in children below 4 years suffered from sole Giardia infection. So, children with ApoE4 negative are advised to be treated and protected from any diarrheal disease.
Microsatellite gene diversity analysis in anadromous arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, from Labrador, Canada

We analysed six loci among 257 Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) representing seven locations in Labrador and Newfoundland to provide a first assessment of microsatellites gene diversity in anadromous char and to determine the geographic scale of population structuring within the species. The number of alleles per locus varied between 9 and 48, and gene diversity ranged from 0.190 to 0.968. Significant FST and differences in allele frequencies were observed among most samples, as well as heterozygous deficiency, which was indicative of a Wahlund's effect. These results implied the existence of genetically distinct populations on a microgeographic scale (less than 10 km) and that our samples represented an admixture of char from those populations that interchange among rivers for owerwintering, in congruence with tagging investigations. These results indicate that microsatellites potentially offer more sensitivity than allozymes and mitochondrial DNA to infer fine-sca le population structure in anadromous arctic char. Resume : Nous avons analyse six loci parmi 257 ombles chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus) provenant de sept sites au Labrador et a Terre-Neuve dans le but d'etablir l'utilite des microsatellites pour la quantification du partage de variance genetique parmi l es populations anadromes et pour documenter l'echelle de structuration genetique chez cette espece. Les microsatellites se sont reveles moderement a hautement variables, avec un nombre d'alleles par locus variant entre 9 et 48 et une heterozygotie attendue variant entre 0.190 et 0.968. Des valeurs de FST significatives, de meme qu'une heterogeneite des frequences alleliques ont ete observees entre la plupart des echantillons. Nous avons observe un deficit en heterozygote associe a un effe t Wahlund dans tous les echantillons, sauf un. Ces resultats traduisent l'existence de populations genetiquement differenciees su r une echelle microgeographique (inferieure a 10 km), de meme qu'un melange de ces populations dans les tributaires d'hivernage, corroborant ainsi les etudes de marquage. Nous concluons que les microsatellites offre une sensibilite superieure aux marqueurs traditionnels pour l'etude de structures populationelles fines.
Learning from Well-Trained and Experienced Dynamic Psychotherapists: Research on the Efficacy of Dynamic Psychotherapy and Its Mechanisms of Change

Abstract Is psychodynamic therapy (PT) an evidence-based practice? What makes PT work? In the present article we shall discuss empirical evidence for these as well as other vital questions. First, we shall examine the existing findings concerning two of the most widespread myths about PT: (1) PT is not an evidence-based therapy; (2) PT is not directed at and, therefore, not effective at alleviating symptoms. Second, we shall examine some of the existing findings regarding what it is that actually enables change in PT. The aim of the article is to provide some access to the knowledge accumulated from numerous studies on PT treatments, conducted by dozens of therapists, with the hope that it will benefit clinicians.
MONETARY POLICY RULES UNDER UNCERTAINTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ADAPTIVE LEARNING, AND ROBUST CONTROL

We first explore empirical evidence of parameter and shock uncertainties in a state-space model with Markov switching. The evidence indicates that uncertainties in the U.S. economy have been too great to accurately define monetary policy rules. We then explore monetary policy rules under uncertainty with two approaches: the RLS learning algorithm and robust control. The former allows the parameters to be learned for a given model. Yet, as our results of the RLS learning in a framework of optimal control indicate, the state variables do not necessarily converge even in a nonstochastic model. The latter, by permitting uncertainty with respect to model misspecification, allows for a broader framework. Our study on robust control shows that robust optimal monetary policy rules reveal a stronger response to fluctuations in inflation and output than when no uncertainty exists, implying that uncertainty does not necessarily require caution.