Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Complications and Recurrence Rates After Kirschner Wire Transfixion in Lesser Toe Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study

Background: Prolonged percutaneous Kirschner wire transfixion after correction of lesser toe deformities has been associated with an increased rate of complications such as infection, wire breakage or loosening. Currently, the duration of wire transfixion is based on the surgeons' opinion rather than on evidence. We hypothesized that a transfixion time of 3 weeks when compared to 6 weeks would decrease complication rates without an increase in the rate of recurrent deformity. Methods: We prospectively randomized 52 lesser toes corrected for a moderate hammer- or claw toe deformity by means of resectional arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint into two groups with 3 and 6 weeks of Kirschner wire transfixion, respectively. Kirschner wire-associated complication rates and incidence of early recurrence of malalignment in a short term followup of three months were assessed. Forty-six toes, 23 in each group, were available for final followup. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in pre- and postoperative total AOFAS scores between the groups. No Kirschner wire associated complications occurred. Recurrent malalignment was more often documented in the group with 3 weeks of transfixion (11 of 23 toes, 47.8%) when compared to 6 weeks (two of 23 toes, 8.7%) at 3 months followup. Interphalangeal joint motion was significantly reduced with prolonged Kirschner wire transfixion, indicating a more stable fibrous union (p = 0.038). Conclusion: At short-term followup, Kirschner wire transfixion of 6 weeks as opposed to 3 weeks showed a lower rate of recurrent malalignment without an increase in Kirschner wire associated complications. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
A novel glycan modifies the flagellar filament proteins of the oral bacterium Treponema denticola

While protein glycosylation has been reported in several spirochetes including the syphilis bacterium Treponema pallidum and Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi, the pertinent glycan structures and their roles remain uncharacterized. Herein, a novel glycan with an unusual chemical composition and structure in the oral spirochete Treponema denticola, a keystone pathogen of periodontitis was reported. The identified glycan of mass 450.2 Da is composed of a monoacetylated nonulosonic acid (Non) with a novel extended N7 acyl modification, a 2‐methoxy‐4,5,6‐trihydroxy‐hexanoyl residue in which the Non has a pseudaminic acid configuration (L‐glycero‐L‐manno) and is β‐linked to serine or threonine residues. This novel glycan modifies the flagellin proteins (FlaBs) of T. denticola by O‐linkage at multiple sites near the D1 domain, a highly conserved region of bacterial flagellins that interact with Toll‐like receptor 5. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies demonstrate that the glycosylation plays an essential role in the flagellar assembly and motility of T. denticola. To our knowledge, this novel glycan and its unique modification sites have not been reported previously in any bacteria.
MRI and multinuclear MR spectroscopy of 3,200-year-old Egyptian mummy brain.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to present the MR and MR spectroscopy imaging findings of a 3,200-year-old preserved brain from an Egyptian mummy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, the morphology of the intact specimen was examined by MRI at 1.5 T. Chemistry of the intact specimens was studied by proton spectroscopy at 1.5 T and sodium nuclear MR (NMR) spectroscopy at 4.0 T. Biopsies from the temporal lobes were analyzed by proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopy (14 T) or rehydrated and stained for paleohistologic study. RESULTS MRI showed a heterogeneous brain with convolutions, gyri, and air pockets. Paleohistology showed a uniform, disorganized cerebral substance with numerous eosinophilic structures and argentophilic granules. Spectroscopic studies identified bound sodium ions in the specimen and phosphate and free fatty acids in extracts. CONCLUSION MR techniques are a nondestructive method for the analysis of adipocere observed in a preserved mummy's brain.
Editorial: Aminoglycosides in Hemodialysis Patients: Is the Current Practice of Post Dialysis Dosing Appropriate?

Aminoglycosides have been widely used in end‐stage renal failure patients for the treatment of infections caused by gram‐negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Traditionally, these agents are administered post dialysis to avoid premature dialytic clearance, although no studies have been performed to confirm that this dosing strategy represents the optimal treatment regimen. In recent years, a more complete understanding of the pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics of aminoglycosides has led to a global change in clinical practice from multiple to once‐daily dosing in patients with normal renal function with the aim of providing intermittent pulses to maximize the peak concentration relative to overall drug exposure. These same considerations strongly support administration of aminoglycosides before, rather than after, hemodialysis. This study will review the key pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations in aminoglycoside dosing, the relationship between serum aminoglycoside concentrations and efficacy/toxicity, the influence of renal function and hemodialysis on aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and the mounting population pharmacokinetic and clinical study evidence supporting a paradigm shift in aminoglycoside dosing from post dialysis to predialysis.
Shame, Internalized Homophobia, Identity Formation, Attachment Style, and the Connection to Relationship Status in Gay Men

This study reports on a survey of 166 gay men in Sydney, Australia, that explores the links between internalized shame, internalized homophobia, and attachment style. These variables were linked to the age of coming out, family and peer acceptance of their sexuality, relationship status, and previous marriage. Findings suggest a strong relationship between shame, internalized homophobia, and anxious and avoidant attachment style. Shame was predicted by internalized homophobia and anxious and avoidant attachment style. A significant proportion of gay men reported that they were not easily accepted when they first came out. There was a significant relationship between coming out and internalized homophobia but not with shame and attachment style. Furthermore, men who had never come out to family and friends reported higher levels of internalized homophobia but not higher levels of shame and attachment style. Of particular significance was the connection between previous marriage and higher levels of shame and internalized homophobia. Finally, gay men who were not currently in a relationship reported higher levels of shame anxious and avoidant attachment style. These findings are related to therapeutic work with gay men who have previously been married and those who are concerned with their current single status.
Redesigning Community Colleges for Completion: Lessons from Research on High-Performance Organizations (Assessment of Evidence Series)

After examining the research from within and outside of higher education on organizational performance, this paper identifies eight practices common among high-performance organizations: leadership, focus on the customer, functional alignment, process improvement, use of measurement, employee involvement and professional development, and external linkages. Evidence suggests that these organizational practices have the greatest impact on performance when implemented in concert with one another. The paper assesses the extent to which community colleges generally are following these practices and evaluates current reform efforts in light of models of organizational effectiveness that emerge from the research literature. In order to bring about improvements in organizational performance, community colleges will need to involve faculty and staff in reform efforts. This paper reviews research on strategies for engaging faculty and staff in organizational innovation and describes particular challenges community colleges face on this front. The concluding section recommends concrete steps community college leaders can take to redesign how they manage programs and services to increase rates of student completion on a scale needed to help meet national goals for college attainment.
The disposition effect, price performance and fundamentals of IPOs: Evidence from Taiwan

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether the difference of the IPO issuing companies’ fundamentals impacts their price performance after listing and the significance of the disposition effect. Empirical results show that the IPO issuing companies’ fundamentals drive their first-day post-listing returns, one-year post-listing returns, and the significance of disposition effect. Additionally, the heuristic used to determine whether the IPO of an issuing company with superior fundamentals is a good one with price appreciation potential shows that IPOs with best (worst) fundamentals have higher (lower) first-day post-listing returns; and investors are more unwilling (willing) to sell the losing (gaining) IPOs with the best (worst) fundamentals. Furthermore, investors’ disposition behaviour has a limited impact on one-year post-listing returns, and the window-dressing in the issuing company’s financial statements before listing is useless to the improvement of an IPO’s long-term price performance.
Community-based referrals for electrodiagnostic studies in patients with possible carpal tunnel syndrome: what is the diagnosis?

OBJECTIVES To determine what proportion of patients referred with a clinical suspicion of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have negative electrodiagnostic studies and identify their clinical diagnoses and to identify clinical features that predict the outcome of electrodiagnostic testing in patients referred with suspected CTS. DESIGN Retrospective review of patients consecutively referred to the electrodiagnostic center with suspected CTS over a 1-year period. SETTING Community-based electrodiagnostic center. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred forty-eight patients with suspected CTS. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The diagnosis of CTS was based on the electrodiagnostic findings. RESULTS Of the 348 patients enrolled, 179 (51.4%) had electrodiagnostic studies that were inconsistent with a diagnosis of CTS. Twenty-seven patients (15.1%) had other electrodiagnostic abnormalities (eg, ulnar neuropathy, cervical radiculopathy), whereas the remaining 152 (84.9%) patients had studies within normal limits. Seventy-one patients (46.7%) with normal studies were diagnosed with musculoskeletal disorders, with myofascial pain and musculotendinous strain being most common. By using a multiple logistic regression model, clinical variables that may predict the outcome of electrodiagnostic testing for CTS included gender, duration of symptoms, nocturnal symptoms, sensory symptoms, wrist pain, neck pain, pinprick sensation, abductor pollicis brevis strength, and thenar bulk. CONCLUSIONS Many patients referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory with a clinical suspicion of CTS have other diagnoses, most commonly musculoskeletal disorders. Because these various conditions may be mistaken for CTS, the electrodiagnostic evaluation is therefore an important diagnostic tool. Although traditional clinical findings including Tinel and Phalen sign were found to have limited clinical use, further validation of the groups of positive and negative clinical features may potentially enable the referring physician to identify more accurately patients who would benefit most from electrodiagnostic testing.
Role of Trehalose Phosphate Synthase in Anoxia Tolerance and Development in Drosophila melanogaster *

Recent studies have shown that trehalose plays a protective role in yeast in a variety of stresses, including heat, freezing and thawing, dehydration, hyperosmotic shock, and oxidant injury. Because (a) heat shock and anoxia share mechanisms that allow organisms to survive, (b) Drosophila melanogaster is tolerant to anoxia, and (c) trehalose is present in flies and is metabolically active, we asked whether trehalose can protect against anoxic stress. Here we report on a new role of trehalose in anoxia resistance in Drosophila. We first cloned the gene trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1), which synthesizes trehalose, and examined the effect of tps1 overexpression as well as mutation on the resistance of Drosophila to anoxia. Upon induction oftps1, trehalose increased, and this was associated with increased tolerance to anoxia. Furthermore, in vitroexperiments showed that trehalose reduced protein aggregation caused by anoxia. Homozygous tps1 mutant (P-element insertion into the third intron of the gene) leads to lethality at an early larval stage, and excision of the P-element rescues totally the phenotype. We conclude that trehalose contributes to anoxia tolerance in flies; this protection is likely to be due to a reduction of protein aggregation.
The outer membrane, not a coat of host proteins, limits antigenicity of virulent Treponema pallidum

Virulent Treponema pallidum reacts poorly with the specific antibodies present in human and rabbit syphilitic sera, a phenomenon often attributed to an outer coat of host serum proteins. Here we present additional evidence that the limited antigenicity of virulent organisms actually is due to a paucity of proteins in the outer membrane. Initially, we used electron microscopy to demonstrate that the outer membrane is highly susceptible to damage from physical manipulation (i.e., centrifugation and resuspension) and nonionic detergents. Organisms with disrupted outer membranes were markedly more antigenic than intact treponemes as determined by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) with rabbit syphilitic and antiendoflagellar antisera. Data obtained with a new radioimmunoassay, designated the T. pallidum surface-specific radioimmunoassay, corroborated these IEM findings by demonstrating that the major T. pallidum immunogens are not surface exposed; the assay also was unable to detect serum proteins, including fibronectin, on the surfaces of intact organisms. Furthermore, IEM of T. pallidum on ultrathin cryosections with monospecific anti-47-kDa-immunogen antiserum confirmed the intracellular location of the 47-kDa immunogen. On the basis of these and previous findings, we proposed a new model for T. pallidum ultrastructure in which the outer membrane contains a small number of transmembrane proteins and the major membrane immunogens are anchored by lipids to the periplasmic leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. This unique ultrastructure explains the remarkable ability of virulent organisms to evade the humoral immune response of the T. pallidum-infected host.
Temporal Components in the Parahippocampal Place Area Revealed by Human Intracerebral Recordings

Many high-level visual regions exhibit complex patterns of stimulus selectivity that make their responses difficult to explain in terms of a single cognitive mechanism. For example, the parahippocampal place area (PPA) responds maximally to environmental scenes during fMRI studies but also responds strongly to nonscene landmark objects, such as buildings, which have a quite different geometric structure. We hypothesized that PPA responses to scenes and buildings might be driven by different underlying mechanisms with different temporal profiles. To test this, we examined broadband γ (50–150 Hz) responses from human intracerebral electroencephalography recordings, a measure that is closely related to population spiking activity. We found that the PPA distinguished scene from nonscene stimuli in ∼80 ms, suggesting the operation of a bottom-up process that encodes scene-specific visual or geometric features. In contrast, the differential PPA response to buildings versus nonbuildings occurred later (∼170 ms) and may reflect a delayed processing of spatial or semantic features definable for both scenes and objects, perhaps incorporating signals from other cortical regions. Although the response preferences of high-level visual regions are usually interpreted in terms of the operation of a single cognitive mechanism, these results suggest that a more complex picture emerges when the dynamics of recognition are considered.
Quantification of prognostic immune cell markers in colorectal cancer using whole slide imaging tumor maps.

OBJECTIVE To analyze intratumoral heterogeneity of immune cells and the resulting impact of heterogeneity on the level of individual patient prediction. STUDY DESIGN Using whole slide imaging by virtual microscopy, we present the first spatial quantitative study of immune cells in a set of colorectal cancer primary tumors. We generated "tumor maps" based on cell densities in fields of 1 mm2, visualizing intratumoral heterogeneity. In this example, cutoffs of marker-based cell stains identified by tissue microarray (TMA) led to ambiguous decisions in 11 of the 20 patients studied. Classic TMA analysis can be used in large patient cohorts to generate clinically significant predictors. The transfer of these predictors from large-scale TMA to individualized predictions thus far has not been investigated. In colorectal cancer, TMA-based quantitative immune cell counts using immune cell surface molecules (CD3, CD8, Granzyme B, and CD45RO) have been shown to be potentially better predictors for patient survival than the classical TNM system. RESULTS Our results make clear that for individualized prognostic evaluations, whole slide imaging by virtual microscopy is irreplaceable during identification of prognostic markers as well as in their subsequent application. CONCLUSION In the future, spatial marker signatures could contribute to individual patient classifiers.
Comparison of the In Vitro Activity of the Glycylcycline Tigecycline (Formerly GAR-936) with Those of Tetracycline, Minocycline, and Doxycycline against Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT We compared the in vitro activity of the glycylcycline tigecycline (formerly GAR-936) with those of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline by broth microdilution against 76 isolates belonging to seven species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and 45 isolates belonging to five species of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). By using a resistance breakpoint of >4 μg/ml for tigecycline and >8 μg/ml for tetracycline, all RGM were highly susceptible to tigecycline, with inhibition of 50% of isolates at ≤0.12 μg/ml and inhibition of 90% of isolates at 0.25 μg/ml for Mycobacterium abscessus and inhibition of both 50 and 90% of isolates at ≤0.12 μg/ml for M. chelonae and the M. fortuitum group. The MICs of tigecycline were the same for tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains, and RGM isolates were 4- to 11-fold more susceptible to tigecycline than to the tetracyclines. In contrast, no slowly growing NTM were susceptible to tigecycline, and isolates of M. marinum and M. kansasii were less susceptible to this agent than to minocycline. This new antimicrobial offers exciting therapeutic potential for the RGM, especially for isolates of the M. chelonae-M. abscessus group, against which the activities of the currently available drugs are limited.
Essays on reducing vulnerability of tourism destinations to unpredictable crises

iii Acknowledgements . v The style of thesis . vi Publications during PhD candidature . vii Publications included as part of the thesis . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 References . 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 8 Risk perceptions . 9 Crisis defined . 13 Crisis management . 16 Knowledge gaps . 19 References . 22 Chapter 3: Essay 1 Crisis-resistant Tourists . 31 Abstract . 33 Introduction . 34 Literature review . 36 Theoretical conceptualization of crisis-resistant tourist behavior . 39 Methodology . 43 Fieldwork administration and measures . 43 Sample characteristics . 46 Data analysis . 48 Results . 50. 33 Introduction . 34 Literature review . 36 Theoretical conceptualization of crisis-resistant tourist behavior . 39 Methodology . 43 Fieldwork administration and measures . 43 Sample characteristics . 46 Data analysis . 48 Results . 50
Omeprazole: mode of action and effect on acid secretion in animals.

Stomach acid is generated by the parietal cell of the gastric mucosa. During the last two decades an enzyme called H+,K+-ATPase, has been discovered and shown to be the agent responsible for acid transport in the parietal cell. H+,K+-ATPase is thus the hydrogen ion pump of the stomach. Omeprazole is the first example of a clinically useful inhibitor of H+,K+-ATPase. In animals and in man, omeprazole has been shown to effectively antagonize gastric acid secretion, irrespective of the stimulus used to activate acid formation. Omeprazole was found to have a long duration of antisecretory effect. For a dose that initially gave near maximal inhibition of secretion, four days were required in order to restore the normal secretory rate. Extensive mechanism studies showed that omeprazole specifically bound to H+,K+-ATPase of the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, a parallel inhibition of both maximal acid secretion and of mucosal H+,K+-ATPase activity was found. These data strongly suggested that omeprazole inhibited acid secretion by blockade of H+,K+-ATPase. Studies on the chemical mechanism for inhibition of the pump revealed that omeprazole is concentrated in the acid canaliculus of the parietal cell due to its weak base properties. In acid, omeprazole is rearranged into a sulfenamide derivative which reacts with luminal sulfhydryl groups of the H+,K+-ATPase. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antipsychotic prophylaxis is needed after remission from a first psychotic episode in schizophrenia patients: Results from an aborted randomised trial

Abstract Objective. To assess the effect of withdrawal of antipsychotic treatment on relapse risk in remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods. First-episode 1-year stable and remitted outpatients with a schizophrenic disorder were randomly allocated to continuation of their antipsychotic regimen for at least 6 months (N = 9), or gradual withdrawal (N = 11). Primary outcome was the difference in cumulative relapse-free survival at 9 months. Results. Recruitment was terminated prematurely on 26 October 2005. The cumulative relapse-free survival was 88% (SE = 0.12) in the continuation and 18% (SE = 0.12) in the discontinuation group (P = 0.001) at 9 months follow-up. Conclusions. Discontinuation of antipsychotic medication markedly increases the risk of relapse in stable remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients. In future studies the topics of safety monitoring and sampling of patients should receive extra attention.