Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 Signals Monocyte/Macrophage Survival to Peroxynitrite via Protein Kinase A Converging in Bad Phosphorylation with the Protein Kinase Cα-Dependent Pathway Driven by 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid1

Monocytes/macrophages committed to death by peroxynitrite nevertheless survive with a signaling response promoting Bad phosphorylation, as well as its cytosolic localization, via upstream activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase, and protein kinase Cα. We now report evidence for an alternative mechanism converging in Bad phosphorylation when the expression/activity of the above enzymes are suppressed. Under these conditions, also associated with peroxynitrite-dependent severe inhibition of Akt, an additional Bad kinase, Bad dephosphorylation promoted its accumulation in the mitochondria and a prompt lethal response. PGE2 prevented toxicity via EP2 receptor-mediated protein kinase A-dependent Bad phosphorylation. This notion was established in U937 cells by the following criteria: 1) there was a strong correlation between survival and cAMP accumulation, both in the absence and presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors; 2) direct activation of adenylyl cyclase afforded cytoprotection; and 3) PGE2 promoted loss of mitochondrial Bad and cytoprotection, mimicked by EP2 receptor agonists, and prevented by EP2 receptor antagonists or protein kinase A inhibitors. Finally, selected experiments performed in human monocytes/macrophages and in rat peritoneal macrophages indicated that the above cytoprotective pathway is a general response of cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage lineage to both exogenous and endogenous peroxynitrite. The notion that two different pathways mediated by downstream products of arachidonic acid metabolism converge in Bad phosphorylation emphasizes the relevance of this strategy for the regulation of macrophage survival to peroxynitrite at the inflammatory sites.
Fatalism, Social Support, and Mental Health in Four Former Soviet Cultures

Research on social support has identified differences in levels of support between cultures but has provided only a limited explanation of the role of values or beliefs in accounting for such variations. In this article, the authors examine the relationship between fatalism and perceived support among 2,672 respondents in four former Soviet states (Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Belorussia), with participants drawn from groups of manual workers, managers, civil servants, students, and the retired in these four countries. The authors also examine the consequences of such social support for mental health across these nations. Findings indicate a small but significant moderator effect for fatalism on the relationship between social support and mental health. These results are discussed in the context of the continuing economic and social challenges facing the citizens of these nations.
Starting patients on insulin therapy: diabetes nurse specialist views.

AIM To explore the experience and views of diabetes nurse specialists when they converted patients with type 2 diabetes to insulin therapy. METHOD An exploratory qualitative approach was taken, which involved individual interviews with four diabetes nurse specialist employed in either secondary or primary care and with different levels of experience of this role. FINDINGS From the interviews conducted, the process of converting patients to insulin therapy did not vary greatly between the four nurses. Nine main themes highlighting the diabetes nurses' experiences were uncovered during data analysis. CONCLUSION There was little variation between practitioners in the procedure of converting patients to insulin therapy. This procedure forms an important part of a diabetes nurse's workload. The nurses adapted their approach to individual patients depending on their needs although some common themes emerged during the interviews.
Relationship between National Automotive Policy (NAP), innovation and automotive vendors’ performance in Malaysia

Article history: Received: March 4, 2019 Received in revised format: April 9 2019 Accepted: April 24, 2019 Available online: April 26, 2019 Automotive industry in Malaysia started in 1985 with the launch of the first national car. However after thirty years, overall performance of the industry is still far behind the neighboring countries like Thailand and Indonesia which ranked first and second top producers in the automotive industry. In order for the automotive players in Malaysia to be globally competitive, innovation is an important element to drive competitiveness. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between NAP strategies and innovation performance in the Malaysian automotive component industry. NAP was launched in 2006 with six main directions and strategies. Study is focused on local automotive vendor and a completed survey was completed with 300 respondents. Data was analyzed through structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0. Empirical evidence shows that NAP supports all types of innovation among automotive vendors in Malaysia. The study also found innovation mediates between National Automotive Policy (NAP) and vendor’s performance except in the process innovation. This supported previous research in this area where government policy partially mediates on firm competitiveness. The finding of the study suggests NAP is still relevant for the automotive vendors in Malaysia in improving innovation and performance. © 2019 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by a discrete subset of natural killer cells reactive with monoclonal antibody to Ly 49 H Authors

Antiviral roles of natural killer (NK) cell subsets were examined in C57BL/6 mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and other viruses, including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), vaccinia virus (VV), and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Each virus vigorously induced an NK cell infiltrate into the peritoneal cavity and liver, causing some redistributions of NK cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against Ly49A, C/I, D, and G2. Striking results were seen with a mAb (1F8) reactive with the positively signaling molecule Ly49H, present in MCMV-resistant C57BL/6 mice. mAb 1F8 also stains Ly49 C and I, but exclusion of those reactivities with mAb 5E6, which recognizes Ly49 C and I, indicated that Ly49H cells infiltrated the peritoneal cavity and liver and were particularly effective at synthesizing interferon . Depletion of 1F8 but not 5E6 cells in vivo by mAb injections enhanced MCMV titers by 20-1,000-fold in the spleen and approximately fivefold in the liver. Titers of LCMV or VV were not enhanced. These anti-MCMV effects were attributed to prototypical NK1.1 CD3 NK cells and not to NK1.1 CD3 “NK/T” cells. This is the first evidence that control of a virus infection in vivo is mediated by a distinct NK cell subset.
Studies on human malaria in Aotus monkeys. IV. Development of Plasmodium falciparum in two subspecies of Aotus trivirgatus.

Comparative susceptibility studies with a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Panama indicated that the Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra subspecies of douroucoulis monkeys is more susceptible to infection than is the A. t. trivirgatus subspecies. Serum electrophoretic studies indicated that all of the latter contained a third alpha globulin whereas the former contained only 2. Preinoculation serum electrophoretic studies may be useful as indicators of the level of susceptibility of these animals to this parasite. As reported previously (Collins et al., 1973), a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Panama (Panama II) has been established in Aotus trivirgatus monkeys. Previous observations had indicated, however, that differences exist in the susceptibility of these monkeys to infection, particularly in the orange-throated variety. All of our previous studies with this strain had been with the grey-legged douroucoulis, A. trivirgatus griseimembra. The availability of a number of the orange-throated animals, identified as A. t. trivirgatus, the three-lined douroucoulis, at the same time made possible a comparison of the susceptibility of these two subspecies to the Panama II strain, the results of which are reported here. MATERIALS AND METHODS The monkeys were procured primarily from Tarpon Zoo, Tarpon Springs, Florida, which imported the animals directly from Colombia, South America. Prior parasitologic and serologic examination indicated that the animals were free of natural malarial infection. Some of the animals were splenectomized prior to infection according to the technique of Sodeman et al. (1970). All but 2 of the A. t. trivirgatus monkeys (AO-419 and AO-426) were infected with microfilariae which were usually abundant on the routine blood films. All animals were infected by the intravenous inoculation of parasitized heparinized blood via the femoral vein. Thick and thin blood films (Earle-Perez) were stained with Giemsa stain and the parasite counts recorded per mm3. During the early and late stages of the infections, blood films were made 3 times a week; during other periods, blood films were made daily. Total proteins in the serum samples were deReceived for publication 15 November 1973. termined by the routine biuret method (Weichselbaum, 1946) and read on a Beckman? DU spectrophotometer at 540 mAu. Serum protein electrophoretic studies were conducted using a Beckman? Model R-100 Microzone? electrophoresis system utilizing cellulose acetate membranes. Membranes were scanned in an R-110 Microzone? densitometer using a 520-m,t interference filter.
To compare the efficacy of trimetazidine and diltiazem in chronic stable angina

Background: Trimetazidine, a cytoprotective agent, is better anti-ischemic drug than conventional agents without causing any change in heart rate and blood pressure. Aims and Objectives: To compare the efficacy of trimetazidine with diltiazem in chronic stable angina. Materials and Methods: Thirty diagnosed cases of chronic stable angina were subjected to TMT I with total effort duration and time to precipitate angina being the end point. Patients were given 60 mg of trimetazidine for 8 weeks, in addition to their conventional treatment and subjected to another TMT II with the same end points. After a washout period of 2 weeks, the same patients were put on diltiazem 60 mg TDS for 8 weeks again with another third TMT III to evaluate the results. Results: The mean age of all patients was 57.70 ± 8.44. The mean increase in effort duration between TMT II (7.50 ± 1.52) and I (6.21 ± 1.65 min) was 1.29 min which was statistically significant (P 0.05 not significant). The increase in time to ST-segment depression between TMT I and II was 1.35 min. (P 0.005). Conclusions: The patients with stable angina had a better clinical improvement after treatment with trimetazidine, without any adverse effects.
Expression patterns of transforming growth factor-beta and its receptors in gastric mucosa of patients with refractory gastric ulcer.

AIM Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays a regulatory role in tissue repair. In a previous study, we found that TGF-beta and its receptors were expressed in gastric mucosa of patients with well-healed gastric ulcers, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. To further characterize the role of TGF-beta and its receptors in repairing gastric ulcers, we investigated the expression patterns of TGF-beta and its receptors in gastric mucosa by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS Seventy-four patients with endoscopically proven gastric ulcers were eligible for participation in this study. All patients had routine biopsies on initial endoscopy and were then treated for 12 wk with an H2 blocker. Repeat endoscopy was then performed. There were 8 patients with poorly healed ulcers, and biopsies were taken from the margin of the residual ulcers. These tissue samples, along with biopsy of gastric mucosa near the original ulcers from 8 randomly selected patients with well-healed ulcers were examined for TGF-beta and TGF-beta receptor II mRNA by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, as well as immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TGF-beta and TGF-beta receptor II were strongly expressed in tissues from patients with well-healed ulcers. Four of the 8 patients with poor healing had low or absent expression of TGF-beta or TGF-beta receptor II mRNA. All cases positive by RT-PCR assay were confirmed by in situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION It is suggested that TGF-beta and its receptors are important for gastric ulcer healing. These results may have implications for further investigation of the healing process and in predicting response to therapy.
Management of Hemorrhagic Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysms Involving Posterior Inferior Artery

AbstractWe reported 2 cases with hemorrhagic dissecting vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms involving posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and one was treated with aneurysm trapping and PICA-VA anastomosis, whereas another was treated with coil embolization and VA-to-PICA stent placement. We suggest both bypass surgery and VA-to-PICA stent placement are good options for PICA revascularization.
Do Injury Characteristics Predict the Severity of Acute Neuropsychological Deficits Following Sports-Related Concussion? A Meta-analysis

Abstract The utility of injury characteristics for predicting the severity of post-concussion outcomes remains equivocal. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive relationship between these variables to inform classification of acute injury severity. Thirty-one empirical samples of concussed athletes, for which rates of loss of consciousness and/or amnesia were reported, were included in a meta-analysis evaluating acute outcomes following sports-related concussion. Outcome measures of interest were neuropsychological tests first administered 1–10 days post-injury. Loss of consciousness and anterograde amnesia significantly predicted more severe neuropsychological deficits within 10 days of concussion in studies using pre-injury baseline, but not control group, comparisons. Retrograde amnesia significantly predicted acute neuropsychological dysfunction (d = -1.03) irrespective of comparison group. Although small sample sizes require conservative interpretation and future replication, the evidence suggests that retrograde amnesia, rather than loss of consciousness, may be used to classify the acute severity of concussion. (JINS, 2014, 20, 81–87)
Coding Without Your Crystal Ball: Unanticipated Object-Oriented Reuse

Abstract : In many ways, existing languages place unrealistic expectations on library and framework designers, allowing some varieties of client reuse only if it is explicitly-- sometimes manually--supported. Instead, we should aim for the ideal: a language design that reduces the amount of prognostication that is required on the part of the original designers. In particular, I show that languages can and should support a combination of structural and nominal subtyping, external dispatch, and a form of multiple inheritance. Structural subtyping, which allows new types to be added to an existing hierarchy post-hoc, has been studied for decades, but a naive combination of structural subtyping and external dispatch poses serious typechecking issues. Instead, I present a novel combination of structural subtyping, nominal subtyping, and external dispatch--external dispatch allowing programmers to write new code that dynamically dispatches on an existing hierarchy. In its absence, programmers will often resort to writing manual dispatch code, which is tedious, error-prone, and lacks extensibility. External dispatch is also difficult to combine with another useful language feature--multiple inheritance. It so happens that any form of multiple inheritance (even Java-style) makes modular typechecking of external methods extremely difficult; this is due to the so-called "diamond problem. " To sidestep these issues, I propose a novel form of multiple inheritance which does not allow diamonds, but recovers expressiveness through a generalized form of self-types. Finally, since languages with structural subtyping are used mainly in the research community, it had thus far remained unclear whether structural subtyping is actually useful in practice.
Fractional order calculus for modeling and fractional PID control of the heating process

In this paper the fractional order approach will be used for both modeling and control of the heat transfer model. As a controller the fractional order PID algorithm was used. We use two strategies for obtaining the parameters of fractional order PID controller. The first tune the orders with constant parameters obtained by traditional methods. The second when we arbitrary chose an order of the regulator and tune the parameters. Numerically obtained parameters were used to the control of the experimental setup of heat transfer. Results were presented and compared for each criterion and for both integer order and fractional PID control algorithms.
Ultraviolet-light irradiation of mouse L cells: effects on cells in the DNA synthesis phase.

Damage produced by low exposures of ultraviolet-light (UV) irradiation exerts a specific effect on mouse L cells during their passage through their first S phase after irradiation. Previous results showed that irradiation of a synchronized cell population occupying late G1 to early S phase with 40, 100, or $200\ {\rm ergs}/{\rm mm}^{2}$ of UV resulted in mitotic delays of 1-2, 4, or 10 hours. In the present work these delays are shown to be chiefly due to delays in cell progression through S phase. Most of the cells undergoing mitotic delay are able to form colonies. However, when irradiated cells occupying S phase are immediately incubated in the presence of 2 mM caffeine their ability to form colonies is rapidly reduced. This concentration of caffeine does not show any killing effect on cells irradiated in G2 phase during a corresponding period of incubation. Conversely, caffeine has little effect on cells irradiated in late G1 or early S phase if the cells are incubated in its absence for 10 hours befo.
Comparison of Cultureset and primary rabbit kidney cell culture for the detection of herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus isolation by conventional cell culture in primary rabbit kidney cells (RK) was compared with Cultureset (CS). At 24 h CS was more sensitive (31 versus 25 of 55 isolates detected) than RK, but at 48 h there was little difference (43 detected by CS, 46 by RK). CS stained at 48 h was significantly less sensitive (78.2%) than RK observed for 1 week. CS stained at 24 or 48 h was not an acceptable substitute for RK observed for 1 week.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC UPDATE ON INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS * —

Aspergillus and Candida are the 2 major sources of invasive mycoses, and deaths due to these infections have been increasing overall during the past 2 decades. Antimicrobial resistance is an important concern, but the extent of resistance among fungi remains largely undefined. Assessing resistance patterns is essential to determine optimal treatment strategies. For invasive Candida infections, the echinocandins and broad-spectrum triazoles are more potent than fluconazole and amphotericin B against significant clinical isolates of Candida, including the increasing number of fluconazole-resistant isolates (ie, C glabrata and C krusei). For invasive aspergillosis, 2 new approaches have the potential to improve on the hitherto abysmal mortality figures. Voriconazole has potent activity against Aspergillus and appears to be fungicidal, at least in neutropenic rabbit models of invasive aspergillosis. Voriconazole is active against all Aspergillus species and has been shown to be superior to amphotericin B in clinical trials of invasive aspergillosis. Caspofungin treatment of Aspergillus results in decreased angioinvasion and decreased pulmonary infarcts in animal models of invasive aspergillosis. However, its use as a primary therapy or as combination therapy is an outstanding question that still remains to be answered. To correlate in vitro and in vivo data, we suggest the “90-60 rule”: (bacterial or fungal) infections due to susceptible isolates respond to appropriate therapy about 90% of the time, and infections due to resistant isolates or those treated with inappropriate antimicrobials respond about 60% of the time. Our recommendations involve a stepwise approach to using in vitro susceptibility data for selection of fungal therapy. (Adv Stud Med. 2004;4(4A):S269-S275)
Antigenicity and immunogenicity of multiple antigen peptides (MAP) containing P. vivax CS epitopes in Aotus monkeys

Using linear synthetic peptides corresponding to the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the common type, we have identified several T and B‐cell epitopes recognized by human individuals. Three T‐cell epitopes studied (p6) from the amino, (p11) from the central and (p25) from the carboxyl regions, were widely recognized by lymphocytes of immune donors. A series of six peptides, in addition to p11, representing the central repeat domain of the CS (p11‐p17) protein were used in ELISA assays to map the B‐cell epitopes of this region. P11 was the peptide most frequently recognized by sera containing antibodies to the homologous CS protein as determined by IFAT. The sequences corresponding to peptides p6, p11 and P25 as well as that representing a universal T‐cell epitope derived from the tetanus toxin were used to assemble eight different Multiple Antigen Peptides (MAP). The immunogenicity of these MAP was analysed in Aotus monkeys. Groups of two animals were immunized with each MAP and both antibody response, T‐lymphocyte proliferation and in vitroγ‐IFN production were evaluated. Two MAPs containing the same B‐cell epitope and either a promiscuous CS‐protein derived T‐cell epitope (p25) or the tetanus toxin epitope (p‐tt30) proved to be the most immunogenic and induced high levels of anti‐peptide antibodies that recognized the native protein. Except for animals immunized with MAP VII, there was no correlation between antibody levels, lymphocyte proliferation or γ‐IFN production in vitro. The broad recognition of these epitopes by individuals which had been exposed to malaria, the capacity of these MAPs to induce antibodies, recognize the cognate protein, and in vitroγ‐IFN production encourages further analyses of the potential of these proteins as malaria vaccine candidates for human use.
Key issues for elderly patients contemplating clinical trial participation

ABSTRACT This pilot study explored issues important to enrollment in clinical trials by elderly patients. We surveyed and interviewed elderly patients who had been asked to participate in trials. The information covered general attitudes toward research and specific aspects of trial recruitment. Elderly patients had favorable attitudes toward research. This favorable attitude was significantly stronger in men than in women and stronger in Whites than non-Whites but not significantly so. Altruistic motives, physician recommendations, and individual assessment of inconveniences, benefits, and risks of trial participation drove decisions. Elderly patients have positive views of research; however, this will only facilitate trial participation if patients perceive the commitment of enrolling, the potential risks, and possible side effects as reasonable.