Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-Load Back EMF of PMSM Using Maxwell Stress Tensor

This paper is focused on the on-load back-electromotive force (EMF) assessment in a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) using Maxwell stress tensor along with the frozen permeability method (FPM). Although the back EMF is only measured at open-circuit condition, it is known that the on-load back EMF is heavily affected by electric loading and magnetic saturation. Since the main torque component of the PMSM is the mutual torque and it is based on the interaction between the back EMF and stator current, any distortion in the on-load back EMF will affect the electromagnetic torque and increase the torque ripple. A misleading on-load back-EMF waveform with some spikes around the commutation points is found if the on-load back EMF is assessed by means of differentiating the on-load PM flux linkage. This way, this paper proposes a new numerical method to assess the on-load back EMF in order to avoid all the shortcomings of the existing method. First of all, a quick review on the results achieved by other researchers is shown. Next, a review on the FPM is done in order to clarify the points where this method will be changed to overcome the drawbacks highlighted previously. Furthermore, a new method is introduced and explained in small details. Finally, the results for different rotor configurations and different electrical loads are presented in order to validate the proposed method’s accuracy against experiments and other numerical techniques.
The role of joint engagement in the development of language in a community-derived sample of slow-to-talk children

Abstract We explored whether supported (SJE) or coordinated joint engagement (CJE) between mothers recruited from the community and their 24-month-old children who were slow-to-talk at 18 months old were associated with child language scores at ages 24, 36, and 48 months (n = 197). We further explored whether SJE or CJE modified the concurrent positive associations between maternal responsive behaviours and language scores. Previous research has shown that SJE, maternal expansions, imitations, and responsive questions were associated with better language scores. Our main finding was that SJE but not CJE was consistently positively associated with 24- and 36-month-old expressive and receptive language scores, but not with 48-month-old language scores. SJE modified how expansions and imitations, but not responsive questions, were associated with language scores; the associations were evident in all but the highest levels of SJE. Further research is necessary to test these findings in other samples before clinical recommendations can be made.
CFTR is required for the migration of primordial germ cells during zebrafish early embryogenesis

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene affect fertility in both sexes. However, the involvement of CFTR in regulating germ cell development remains largely unknown. Here, we used zebrafish model to investigate the role of CFTR in primordial germ cells (PGCs) development. We generated a cftr frameshift mutant zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and investigated the migration of PGCs during early embryo development. Our results showed that loss of Cftr impairs the migration of PGCs from dome stages onward. The migration of PGCs was also perturbed by treatment of CFTRinh-172, a gating-speciﬁc CFTR channel inhibitor. Moreover, defected PGCs migration in cftr mutant embryos can be partially rescued by injection of WT but not other channel-defective mutant cftr mRNAs. Finally, we observed the elevation of cxcr4b, cxcl12a, rgs14a and ca15b, key factors involved in zebrafish PGCs migration, in cftr-mutant zebrafish embryos. Taken together, the present study revealed an important role of CFTR acting as an ion channel in regulating PGCs migration during early embryogenesis. Defect of which may impair germ cell development through elevation of key factors involved in cell motility and response to chemotactic gradient in PGCs.
False Consensus and the Role of Ambiguity in Predictions of Others' Risky Preferences

Already in the 1930ies psychologists mentioned the tendency of people to see the self as the center of social judgment. This leads to egocentrically biased judgments when assessing others behavior. Since the first demonstration of this social projection bias in a study 1977 by Ross, Greene, and House a lot of studies followed. They show the effect in different contexts and the false consensus effect became a widely accepted phenomenon. In this paper we analyze the false consensus effect in a financial context. We use simple lottery questions and ask subjects to state certainty equivalents for the own person and also to predict the average certainty equivalents of other subjects. We find a strong correlation between the own judgment and the prediction of others'. The bias is stronger in situations with ambiguity. We also asked participants to give an interval, i.e. a lower bound that they think will not be gone below by more than 5 % of the participants and also an upper bound which is not exceeded by more than 5 %. We find that people strongly underestimate the variation in others’ risky choices.
Title IL-2 Immunotherapy to Recently HIV-1 Infected Adults Maintains the Numbers of IL-17 Expressing CD 4 + T ( TH 17 ) Cells in the Periphery Permalink

Little is known about the manipulation of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells (TH17) on a per-cell basis in humans in vivo. Previous studies on the effects of IL-2 on IL-17 secretion in non-HIV models have shown divergent results. We hypothesized that IL-2 would mediate changes in IL-17 levels among recently HIV-1-infected adults receiving anti-retroviral therapy. We measured cytokine T cell responses to CD3/CD28, HIV-1 Gag, and CMV pp65 stimulation, and changes in multiple CD4+ T cell subsets. Those who received IL-2 showed a robust expansion of naive and total CD4+ T cell counts and T-reg counts. However, after IL-2 treatment, the frequency of TH17 cells declined, while counts of TH17 cells did not change due to an expansion of the CD4+ naïve T cell population (CD27+CD45RA+). Counts of HIV-1 Gag-specific T cells declined modestly, but CMV pp65 and CD3/CD28 stimulated populations did not change. Hence, in contrast with recent studies, our results suggest IL-2 is not a potent in vivo regulator of TH17 cell populations in HIV-1 disease. However, IL-2-mediated T-reg expansions may selectively reduce responses to certain antigen-specific populations, such as HIV-1 Gag.
Counterexample to the Vector Generalization of Costa’s Entropy Power Inequality, and Partial Resolution

We give a counterexample to the vector generalization of Costa’s entropy power inequality due to Liu et al. In particular, the claimed inequality can fail if the matrix-valued parameter in the convex combination does not commute with the covariance of the additive Gaussian noise. Conversely, the inequality holds if these two matrices commute.
Superadditivity of Quantum Relative Entropy for General States

The property of superadditivity of the quantum relative entropy states that, in a bipartite system <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mathcal H}_{AB}= {\mathcal H}_{A} \otimes {\mathcal H} _{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for every density operator <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{AB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, one has <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ D(\rho _{AB}||\sigma _{A}\otimes \sigma _{B}) \ge D(\rho _{A}||\sigma _{A})+ D(\rho _{B}||\sigma _{B})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we provide an extension of this inequality for arbitrary density operators <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{AB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. More specifically, we prove that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \alpha (\sigma _{AB})\cdot D(\rho _{AB}||\sigma _{AB}) \ge D(\rho _{A}||\sigma _{A})+ D(\rho _{B}||\sigma _{B})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> holds for all bipartite states <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{AB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{AB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha (\sigma _{AB})= 1+2 \|\sigma _{A}^{-1/2} \otimes \sigma _{B}^{-1/2} \, \sigma _{AB} \, \sigma _{A}^{-1/2} \otimes \sigma _{B}^{-1/2} - {{\mathsf{1}}}_{AB}\|_\infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Comparative Study between Mesh Fixation vs. Non-Fixation in Totally Extraperitoneal Hernioplasty for Inguinal Hernia

Aim of the work: Randomized comparative study comparing outcome of mesh fixation versus non-fixation in TEP technique for inguinal hernia repair. Methods: In Tanta University Hospitals, over the period from February 2015 to October 2017, 58 patients with with 67 inguinal hernias (9 bilateral) undergoing TEP technique were randomized into 2 groups: Group A; mesh fixation 31 patients with 35 hernias. Group B; mesh non-fixation 27 patients with 32 hernias. Follow up was 6-17 months. Results: There was no statistical difference between 2 groups regarding operative time, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and risk of chronic groin pain. Postoperative pain score was higher in Group A (mesh fixation). There was one case of hernia recurrence in group A (hernia and recurrence were both indirect), however, risk of hernia recurrence was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Mesh fixation and non-fixation in TEP are comparable regarding operative time, complications and hospital stay, while pain score was higher with mesh fixation. Mesh fixation does not increase the risk of chronic groin pain, while non-fixation does not increase hernia recurrence rate. Both techniques were proved safe.
Age‐dependent distribution of periodontitis in two countries: Findings from NHANES 2009 to 2014 and SHIP‐TREND 2008 to 2012

OBJECTIVE We used epidemiologic data of clinical periodontal status from two population-based samples in two countries, United States and Germany, to examine 1) the impact of age on the relative contribution of recession and pocketing on the distribution of clinical attachment loss, and 2) whether it is feasible to define age-dependent thresholds for severe periodontitis. METHODS The analytical sample was based on persons aged ≥30 and included 10,713 individuals in the United States, participants in NHANES 2009 to 2014, and 3,071 individuals in Pomerania, Germany, participants in the SHIP-Trend 2008 to 2012. NHANES used a full-mouth examination protocol to collect data on recession (R), pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) for six sites/tooth on a maximum of 28 teeth; SHIP-Trend used a half-mouth examination at four sites/tooth. In both samples, percentile distributions of mean CAL/person were generated for each 5-year age interval. Age-dependent thresholds defining the upper quintile of mean CAL were calculated for both samples. The topographic intraoral distribution of CAL and the relative contribution of R and PD on CAL was assessed. RESULTS Mean CAL increased linearly with age in both samples and was higher in SHIP-Trend than NHANES across the age spectrum. In contrast, mean PD was constant across age groups in both populations. R contributed increasingly to CAL with age, especially after 45 to 49 years. Upper quintile mean CAL thresholds in NHANES were < 3 mm for ages up to 39 years, and under 3.58 mm in all other age groups. Corresponding values in SHIP-Trend were also < 3 mm in ages up to 39 years but increased linearly with age up to 7.21 mm for ages ≥75 years. CONCLUSIONS Despite substantial differences in the overall severity of attachment loss between the two samples, common patterns of CAL and of the relative contribution of R and PD to CAL with increasing age were identified. Although periodontitis severity may vary in different populations, empirical evidence-driven definitions of CAL thresholds signifying disproportionate severity of periodontitis by age are feasible.
AgileDC: A Novel Optical Data Center Network Architecture

To cope with the ever-increasing traffic growth of cloud computing and big-volume data services, a high-throughput, low-latency and energy-efficient data center network (DCN) architecture is desired. Recent advances in photonics make it feasible to exploit advantages of optical networking in designing data centers. In this paper we propose a novel optical DCN architecture that leverages already-available microsecond switching time optical components, together with an efficient traffic scheduler, which features a centralized control plane. Our architecture provides highly flexible connections between racks and has low reconfiguration time. Packet-level simulation results show that, with suitable choices of network dimensioning parameters, the proposed architecture can achieve low latency even with high offered load.
Experimental Demonstration of Frequency Regulation by Commercial Buildings—Part II: Results and Performance Evaluation

This paper is the second part of a two-part series presenting the results from an experimental demonstration of frequency regulation in a commercial building test facility. In part I, we developed relevant building models and designed a hierarchical controller for reserve scheduling, building climate control, and frequency regulation. In part II, we introduce the communication architecture and experiment settings, and present extensive experimental results under frequency regulation. More specifically, we compute the day-ahead reserve capacity of the test facility under different assumptions and conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of model predictive control to satisfy comfort constraints under frequency regulation, and show that fan speed control can track the fast-moving RegD signal of the Pennsylvania, Jersey, and Maryland power market very accurately. In addition, we discuss potential effects of frequency regulation on building operation (e.g., increase in energy consumption, oscillations in supply air temperature, and effect on chiller cycling), and provide suggestions for real-world implementation projects. Our results show that hierarchical control is appropriate for frequency regulation from commercial buildings.
Preventing the Contamination of Powered Infant Formula from Cronobacter Species and Salmonella enterica

Powdered infant formula (PIF) and dried milk products are not sterile using current manufacturing process, and can be contaminated by Cronobacter species, Salmonella enterica, and other pathogens during their production, storage, and reconstitution stages. Cronobacter species are emerging opportunistic pathogens that cause sepsis, meningitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants, especially in premature, low-birth weight neonates, and those with other diseases or immuno-compromised individuals. Nontyphoid Salmonella are the most common foodborne pathogens which cause acute gastroenteritis. Some cases may progress to bacteremia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis, especially among young children and immuno-compromised individuals. Several outbreaks of Cronobacter and Salmonella infections among infants have been linked to the consumption of contaminated PIF or dried milk products. It is important to understand the epidemiological characteristics, the detection and identification methods, and the preventive strategies of these bacteria. This mini review will present an overview of the infections caused by Cronobacter species and Salmonella enterica that associate with PIF and dried milk products among infants and young children focusing on the routes of infections, outbreaks, detection methods, and preventive measures to understand the nature of the infections and to prevent the bacterial contamination.
PREVALENCE OF SEVERAL DISEASES IN CATTLE AT CHANDANAISH , CHITTAGONG

Prevalence of several diseases is one of the most economically important thing for maintain a good treatment schedule of an area. This study detects the prevalence of several diseases and to evaluate the disease condition of cattle population in the selected area. Records of 306 clinical cases of cattle (120 dairy cows, 89 bulls and 97 calves) treated at the Chandanaish Upazila Veterinary Hospital during month December 2008 to February 2009 were analyzed to assess the importance of existing diseases. The recorded clinical cases were classified into seven major diagnostic groups, of which highest prevalence was recorded with Digestive disorders ( 47.05% ), followed by Parasitic infection ( 26.79% ), Infectious diseases( 7.84%),Respiratory disorder( 6.2% ),Surgical affection ( 5.22% ), Metabolic disorder ( 4.24% ), Ectoparasitic infection ( 1.96% ) and others( 0.65% ). The percentage of occurrence of major diagnostic groups of diseases constituted Infectious diseases ( cows 41.66% ,bulls 33.33%& calves 25% ), Parasitic diseases ( cows 37.80%,bulls19.5% & calves 42.68% ),'Digestive disorders(cows41.66%,bulls35.41% & calves 22.91% ), Respiratory disorders ( cows 21.05%,bulls26.31% & calves 52.63% ), Ectoparasitic infection ( cows 16.66%,bulls 33.33% & calves 50% ), Metabolic diseases(cows46.15%,bulls 38.46% & calves 15.38% ) and Surgical affection ( cows 50%,bulls 12.5% & calves 37.5% ). Though the each of all the diagnostic groups of diseases is significant but the digestive disorder, parasitic and infectious diseases were the most pressing constraint for improvement of cattle in the Chandanaish Upzila.
Soil pH, Soil Organic Matter, and Crop Yields in Winter Wheat–Summer Fallow Systems

Agronomy Journa l • Volume 109, I s sue 2 • 2017 Soil acidification has become a major environmental challenge for crop production in the U.S. iPNW (Rasmussen and Rohde, 1989; Brown et al., 2008). Th e iPNW represents the largest area under dryland farming with more than 2 million ha under WW–SF system (Schillinger et al., 2003; Schillinger and Papendick, 2008). Introduction of chemical N fertilizers, mechanized equipment, and crop breeding and management practices in the iPNW in 1940s improved effi ciency of dryland farming in the region (Schillinger and Papendick, 2008). However, continuous use of chemical fertilizer and intensive tillage deteriorated soil quality and negatively aff ected agricultural sustainability through soil acidifi cation and SOC and nutrient loss (Mahler et al., 1985; Rasmussen and Rohde, 1989; Schillinger and Papendick, 2008). In general, soils are strongly buff ered by ion exchange reactions and it takes 100 to 1000 yr for soil pH to change under natural conditions (Chadwick and Chorover, 2001). Soils in some parts of eastern Oregon and Washington, however, were acidifi ed within 30 to 40 yr of N fertilizer applications (Mahler et al., 1985), and most farmers are not taking any measures to remedy the situation. In fact, N fertilizer use in wheat production, mostly ammoniacal, has increased from an average of 69 kg N ha–1 in 1993 to 90 kg N ha–1 in 2012 (USDA-ERS, 2013). Th e demand for N use in North America is expected to increase by about 0.5% between 2014 and 2018, according to Food and Agricultural Organization data (FAO, 2015). To this end, soil pH will continue to decrease below optimum levels for wheat production unless changes to fertility management to slow down acidifi cation are implemented. Meanwhile, area under reduced-tillage (e.g., subsurface sweep, disk), no-tillage, and fertility management practices is increasing to improve soil and water conservation and sustainable crop production in drylands (Schillinger and Papendick, 2008). It is not clear how these alternative tillage and fertility management practices infl uence soil acidity, soil quality, and crop production in dryland WW–SF systems. Available information indicated that reduced-tillage and no-tillage cropping systems concentrate fertilizer in the seed zone thereby increasing acidity in the top surface soil layers. Soil pH, Soil Organic Matter, and Crop Yields in Winter Wheat–Summer Fallow Systems
Additional Progress in the Development and Application of a Direct, Rapid Immunohistochemical Test for Rabies Diagnosis

Laboratory-based surveillance is fundamental to effective rabies prevention and control. The direct fluorescent antibody (AB) test (FAT) is the gold standard for rabies diagnosis. Recently, additional tests besides the FAT have been developed, such as the direct rapid immunohistochemical test (DRIT). In this study, our objective was to further refine technical aspects of the DRIT using a combination of two monoclonal ABs (MABs), 502 and 802, conduct additional testing among rabies reference laboratories using a diversity of animal species and rabies virus (RV) variants and compare the potential utility of the DRIT for end users via proficiency testing (PT) against the FAT. Considering the ideal molar ratios of biotin to AB in formulation of the DRIT conjugate, 3.9 was found to be superior to 7.4, for detection of RV antigens in the brain of a naturally infected raccoon. Optimization of the DRIT conjugate may also be dependent upon the apparent choice of specific viral antigens for testing, as a gray fox RV variant reacted less strongly than a raccoon RV variant in determining the working dilution of the MAB cocktail. Using the same MABs and protocol, the DRIT was compared to the FAT using more than 800 samples of mammalian brains, representative of more than 25 taxa, including in excess of 250 animal rabies cases from Europe and North America. Sensitivity was determined at 98% (96–100%, 95% CI) and specificity was calculated at 95% (92–96%, 95% CI). In a comparison among end users, PT of laboratory personnel resulted in values of 77–100% sensitivity and 86-100% specificity. Based upon these and previously reported results, the DRIT appears to be a suitable alternative to the FAT for use in lyssavirus diagnosis.
DC motor speed control using PID controller tuned by jaya optimization algorithm

Direct current (DC) motor plays an important role in industries to convert energy from electrical to mechanical. The speed of DC motor is important in the process control industries so we have to control the speed of DC motor. For this speed control proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are used. For better performance and optimum parameters, PID tuning is used. Traditional tuning techniques for classical PID controller suffer from many disadvantages like non-customized performance measure and insufficient process information. In this paper, we use the Jaya optimization algorithm (JOA) for better performance in speed control and time response of the system. Experimental results are presented to study the performance of JOA based PID controller in comparison with particle swarm optimization (PSO) based PID controller. Practical validation is done on QNET 2.0 DC motor by using LabVIEW® software.