Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety in Surgical Patients

THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON ANXIETY IN SURGICAL PATIENTS By Mary Kay Williams The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects o f music therapy on cosmetic/reconstructive surgery patients’ preoperative anxiety. In this descriptive study, 48 patients were assigned to either the experimental or control group Patients in the experimental group listened to patient-selected music for 30 minutes in the preoperative period. A comparison was made between the patients’ vital signs and self-reports of anxiety, which was measured using the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. This was a partial replication of a study by Kaempf and Amodei (1989). Betty Neuman’s health care systems model (1980) served as the theoretical framework for this study. In this study, the intervention o f music therapy to reduce anxiety associated with surgery illustrates the use o f nursing theory in practice. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed no statistical difference in the levels of anxiety between the groups. The relationship between each variable measured showed only the respiratory rate nearing statistical difference between the groups. The results of this study neither support nor refute the effectiveness o f music as a therapeutic intervention. However, since the results cannot prove or disprove music therapy as a therapeutic intervention to reduce anxiety, further research is implicated. To my mother-in-law, June Rose Williams, who dedicated her life to her family.
esign of the ATAQ peptide and its evaluation as an immunogen to evelop a Rhipicephalus vaccine ndré

Tick infestation may cause several problems including affecting domestic animal health and reducing the production of meat and milk, among others. Resistance to several classes of acaricides have been reported, forcing researchers to search for alternative measures, such as vaccines against ticks, to ensure tick control while having no or at least low negative impacts on the environment and public health. However, the current commercially available vaccines in different strains of Rhipicephalus microplus are reported to be of low efficacy. Fortunately, reverse vaccinology approaches have shown positive results in the new generation of vaccines. On this basis, a synthetic peptide from the ATAQ protein, which is present in the gut and Malpighi tubes of R. microplus, was synthesized. The ATAQ proteins were isolated, characterized and sequenced from several species of the genus Rhipicephalus. The alignment showed 93.3% identity among DNA sequences of ATAQs from these species. Because of this, immunization trials with this peptide were conducted on mice, rabbits and cattle to evaluate the humoral immune response and the efficacy against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in addition to R. microplus. Based on recent results, we conclude that reverse vaccinology is a promising approach because it is more accurate and faster than conventional methods in the detection of potential antigens to use in anti-tick vaccines. It is not only applicable against R. microplus but also against tick species that play important roles in spreading other diseases. ATAQ proteins should be considered as the antigen in new trials to develop a multi-antigenic vaccine. Although these peptides behave as hapten and are not able to be recognized by the immune system on its own, using carriers and adjuvants helps its presentation and induces strong immune responses. Furthermore, an efficiency of 35% reduction in overall life cycle parameters was reported for R. microplus (98% for ELISA responder animals) and 47% for R. sanguineus. Although not yet enough to prevent the environment to infestation of ticks, this still constitutes a promising strategy that could be applied to integrated measures on tick control and in new research that develops anti-tick vaccines. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Re-imagining a Course in Software Project Management

It is now common for software engineering programs to include some project management education, typically in the final year of the undergraduate program, or at the postgraduate level. Such courses are challenging for several reasons: faculty are unfamiliar with management education and literature; the software project management literature is dominated by nonempirical, atheoretical, unscientific practitioner recommendations; common software engineering pedagogical approaches are inappropriate for teaching management; and many students seem unwilling or unable to take the course seriously (that is, by attending all classes and completing all assigned readings, activities and projects). This paper describes a postgraduate management course in software engineering, which was iteratively refined over seven years to address all of these problems. Its key features include: 1) scholarly, evidence-based readings; 2) quizzes on readings at the beginning of every class; 3) Brief, slide-free lectures; 4) copious in-class activities formalized into a gradeable workbook; 5) an ambitious, multistage project combining novel research, collaborative data collection and literature reviewing, peer review workshops and individual deliverables. The course embodies both research-led teaching and substantial, novel class-based research.
Author ' s personal copy Case study Consonants in Cri du chat syndrome : A case study

This article reports on a longitudinal case study of consonant productions in one Norwegian girl with Cri du chat syndrome from age 4;6 to age 9;4. It was shown that she had many articulation errors throughout the period of observation. Furthermore, these errors were shown to fall into three main categories: (1) errors of differentiation and tuning, (2) errors of coordination and sequencing, and (3) missing gestures. Also, omissions of segments were reported to be frequent. In sum, the consonant productions by this girl were found to be both delayed and deviant, as compared to normally developing children. The number of errors, however, decreased as she grew older, resulting in more accurate renditions of the target words. # 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Oral Reading Problems in Students with Cleft Palate, Grades 6-8.

Objective To investigate prevalence of oral reading problems in Thai language skills and types of oral reading based on articulation errors in students with cleft palate, Grades 6 to 8. Material and Method Thirty students with cleft palate, Grade 6 to 8 in Northeast Thailand, were recruited for the study. Each student read a standard oral reading passage, based on The Basic Education Commission of Thailand, which consists of basic words in curriculum of Thai language for Grade 4 to 6. Oral reading scores were calculated based on criteria of The Basic Education Commission of Thailand. Results The research findings found that prevalence of oral reading problem in students with cleft palate, Grade 6 to 8 was 16.67%; cluster was the most common problem in oral reading based on Thai language skills, followed by spelling errors, omission, repetition, missed punctuation, non-fluent reading, and addition. Oral reading types based on articulation errors were substitution 65.37%, omission 23.40%, distortion 2.25%, and addition 1.42%. Conclusion Students with cleft palate, Grade 6 to 8 were at risk of oral reading and early intervention was needed.
Reconciling species diversity in a tropical plant clade (Canarium, Burseraceae)

The challenges associated with sampling rare species or populations can limit our ability to make accurate and informed estimates of biodiversity for clades or ecosystems. This may be particularly true for tropical trees, which tend to be poorly sampled, and are thought to harbor extensive cryptic diversity. Here, we integrate genomics, morphology, and geography to estimate the number of species in a clade of dioecious tropical trees (Canarium L.; Burseraceae) endemic to Madagascar, for which previous taxonomic treatments have recognized between one and 33 species. By sampling genomic data from even a limited number of individuals per taxon, we were able to clearly reject both previous hypotheses, and support instead an intermediate number of taxa. We recognize at least six distinct clades based on genetic structure and species delimitation analyses that correspond clearly with geographic and discrete morphological differences. Two widespread clades co-occur broadly throughout eastern wet forests, one clade is endemic to western dry forests, and several slightly admixed clades are more narrowly distributed in mountainous regions in the north. Multiple previously described taxa were recovered as paraphyletic in our analyses, some of which were associated with admixed individuals, suggesting that hybridization contributes to taxonomic difficulties in Canarium. An improved understanding of Canarium species diversity has important implications for conservation efforts and understanding the origins of diversity in Madagascar. Our study shows that even limited genomic sampling, when combined with geography and morphology, can greatly improve estimates of species diversity for difficult tropical clades.
Optimum FFT-based frequency acquisition with application to COSPAS-SARSAT

In the case of a single sinusoid or multiple well-separated sinusoids, a coarse estimator consisting of a windowed Fourier transform followed by a fine estimator which is an interpolator is a good approximation to an optimal frequency acquisition and measurement algorithm. The design tradeoffs are described. It is shown that for the fine-frequency estimator a good method is to fit a Gaussian function to the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) peak and its two neighbors. This method achieves a frequency standard deviation and a bias in the order of only a few percent of a bin. In the case of short-time stationarity, for a moderate number of averages and for an adaptive threshold detector, only between 0.5 and 1 dB is lost when averaging is traded off for FFT length, in contrast to the asymptotic result of 1.5 dB. The COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system for emergency detection and localization is used to illustrate the concepts. The algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and good agreement is found with test results. >
Transgenerational effects of anadromy on juvenile growth traits in an introduced population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

We determined whether the propensity for anadromy was related to maternal phenotype in a population of partially anadromous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We identified the maternal phenotype (anadromous versus resident) of wild juveniles from two successive cohorts using stable isotope analysis (δ15N) of muscle tissue and (or) strontium to calcium ratios in the otolith core. We also tested the hypothesis that juvenile size and growth are related to maternal migratory history. For both cohorts, juvenile size at capture and growth, as determined using otolith and scale structural analyses, were strongly related to maternal migratory history. Offspring of anadromous mothers were larger and grew faster than resident offspring. Back-calculated length at age 1 of anadromous and resident adults provided support for a positive association between body size and anadromy, indicating that larger offspring are more prone to displaying anadromy. We conclude that maternal anadromy, which influences adult size an.
40 Cutaneous manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease

Cutaneous manifestations are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In one study, the incidence was reported to be as high as 34%. [1] However, some of the early studies included non-specific inflammatory conditions such as urticaria, various maculopapular eruptions, and pigmentary abnormalities, some or all of which may be unrelated to the bowel disease. Other rigorous studies provide a more reasonable estimate of cutaneous involvement in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) (9-19%) [2]. Greenstein et aL, in an older study of 498 patients with CD, noted that cutaneous manifestations are more common when the large intestine is involved [3]. Mucocutaneous manifestations of IBD may be classified as specific lesions, reactive lesions, and miscellaneous associations (Table 1). For completeness, cutaneous manifestations secondary to malabsorption [4, 5] or treatment may also be considered, but will not be treated in this text. Specific lesions refer to those lesions that are due to direct involvement of the skin by the same disease process that aff'ects the gastrointestinal tract. This includes fissures, fistulas, and metastatic CD [2]. In contrast, reactive lesions do not show the same pathologic features as are found in the gastrointestinal tract, but instead represent a reaction to the underlying IBD. The pathogenesis of reactive lesions remains speculative; most are probably immunologically mediated, some because of cross-antigenicity between the skin and the gut mucosa [6]. In this review only the more common and clinically significant specific and reactive cutaneous manifestations of IBD will be discussed. An attempt will be made to compare and contrast the various entities with regard to their prevalence in either CD or UC; treatment issues will not be considered in this chapter. The reader is referred to various sources [7, Table 1. Cutaneous manifestations of Inflammatory bowel disease
A descriptive study to assess the burden among family care givers of mentally ill clients

Recently, there have been increasing numbers of caregivers who provide care to their chronically ill family members. Care can represent a heavy burden and may put caregivers, who are mostly male under a high level of stress. Culturally, such caregivers are expected to cope and not to complain. The family constitutes an important support system in the care of the mentally ill in the community. Mental health professionals need to be aware of and address the stress borne by the family in caring for patients with mental illness as they treat the patient. The mental health nurse plays very important role in promotion of health, curative and preventive aspects. The study was under taken to" assess the burden among family care givers of mentally ill clients in Dhiraj hospital at vadodara in view to develop an information booklet. " Descriptive research design was adopted in this study to assess the level of burden among family care givers of mentally ill clients. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 60 family care givers admitted at Dhiraj hospital, vadodara. The result reveals Overall burden scores of family caregivers revealed that that nearly 27 (45%) of subject were belong to mild burden. Minority of caregivers 8(13.3%) belongs to moderate burden. Remaining caretakers 9(15%) belong to severe burden and 16(26.7%) belongs to no burden. Chi-square test revealed that there is significant association between the level of burden and selected socio demographic variables.
Changes in body composition, bone metabolism, strength, and skill-specific performance resulting from 16-weeks of HIFT

High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a training modality, characterized by multimodal exercises performed at high-intensity. Little is known about the training adaptations that occur as a prolonged training program. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body composition, bone metabolism, strength, and skill-specific performance over 16-weeks of HIFT. Twenty-six recreationally active adult males (n = 9; 34.2 ± 9.1 y; 91.5 ± 17.7 kg; 178.5 ± 5.4 cm) and females (n = 17 = 36.4 ± 7.9 y; 91.5 ± 17.7 kg; 162.9 ± 7.0 cm) completed pre and post training assessments of body composition (Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) and performance measures. Performance was assessed using three HIFT workouts (WOD 1–3) to assess strength, skill, and metabolic performance. Aside from the body composition measurements, all assessments were carried out at the local training facility. Training included participation in HIFT a minimum of twice a week for 16-weeks. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant gender x time interaction in Bone Mineral Content (BMC) (p = 0.027), where improvements favored women (1.0% ± 1.1%, p = 0.004) over men (-0.1% + 0.8%, p = 0.625). Further, region-specific analysis indicated that women (2.5% ± 3.0%, p < 0.005) experienced greater improvements in the trunk compared to men (-0.3% ± 1.8%, p = 0.621), while changes in leg BMC were comparable between women (0.8% ± 1.0%, p < 0.001) and men (0.3% ± 0.6%, p < 0.001). Although no other interactions were observed, significant performance improvements were noted for all participants in WOD 1 (18.3% ± 16.8%), absolute 5RM (14.4% ± 9.7%), relative 5RM (15.4% ± 9.2%), WOD 2 (5.7% ± 6.5%), and WOD 3 (–17.3% ± 14.7%). These data indicate that 16-weeks of HIFT resulted in positive outcomes in strength, metabolic conditioning performance, and body composition.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a bacterial parasite and the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a disease predominately found in cattle and sheep. Infection with this microorganism results in substantial farming economic losses and animal morbidity. The link between infection with this pathogen and human disease has been theorised for many years with Crohn’s disease being one of many suspected resultant conditions. Mycobacterium avium may be spread from animal to human hosts by water and foodborne transmission routes, where the foodborne route of exposure represents a significant risk for susceptible populations, namely children and the immune-compromised. Following colonisation of the host, the parasitic organism evades the host immune system by use of molecular mimicry, displaying peptide sequences similar to that of the host cells causing a disruption of self-verses non self-recognition. Theoretically, this failure to recognise the invading organism as distinct from host cells may result in numerous autoimmune conditions. Here, the author presents current information assessing the link between numerous diseases states in humans such inflammatory bowel disease, Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto\’s thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis and autism following infection with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. The possibility of zoonotic transmission of the organism and its significant risk to public health safety as a consequence is also discussed.
Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3)—The Time‐Independent Model

The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP14) present the time‐independent component of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), which provides authoritative estimates of the magnitude, location, and time‐averaged frequency of potentially damaging earthquakes in California. The primary achievements have been to relax fault segmentation and include multifault ruptures, both limitations of UCERF2. The rates of all earthquakes are solved for simultaneously and from a broader range of data, using a system‐level inversion that is both conceptually simple and extensible. The inverse problem is large and underdetermined, so a range of models is sampled using an efficient simulated annealing algorithm. The approach is more derivative than prescriptive (e.g., magnitude–frequency distributions are no longer assumed), so new analysis tools were developed for exploring solutions. Epistemic uncertainties were also accounted for using 1440 alternative logic‐tree branches, necessitating access to supercomputers. The most influential uncertainties include alternative deformation models (fault slip rates), a new smoothed seismicity algorithm, alternative values for the total rate of M w≥5 events, and different scaling relationships, virtually all of which are new. As a notable first, three deformation models are based on kinematically consistent inversions of geodetic and geologic data, also providing slip‐rate constraints on faults previously excluded due to lack of geologic data. The grand inversion constitutes a system‐level framework for testing hypotheses and balancing the influence of different experts. For example, we demonstrate serious challenges with the Gutenberg–Richter hypothesis for individual faults. UCERF3 is still an approximation of the system, however, and the range of models is limited (e.g., constrained to stay close to UCERF2). Nevertheless, UCERF3 removes the apparent UCERF2 overprediction of M 6.5–7 earthquake rates and also includes types of multifault ruptures seen in nature. Although UCERF3 fits the data better than UCERF2 overall, there may be areas that warrant further site‐specific investigation. Supporting products may be of general interest, and we list key assumptions and avenues for future model improvements.
Invited Address at the Occasion of the Bertelson Award 2005 Impairments in visual discrimination in amnesia: Implications for theories of the role of medial temporal lobe regions in human memory

A prominent and long-standing view of human long-term memory is that structures within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) work together to support the acquisition of memory for facts and events. In contrast to this view, recent studies in rats and non-human primates suggest dissociations in function between regions comprising the MTL. Evidence in support of such specialisation in humans, however, has been inconclusive, leading some researchers to propose that human MTL functions as a unitary system uniquely specialised for the acquisition and storage of long-term memory. This paper reviews some of the key studies from the animal and human literature that support an account of functional differentiation and discusses the different theoretical positions that have emerged from their findings. A series of recent experiments in humans designed to determine whether there is functional homogeneity in MTL regions across species are also reviewed and an alternative account of human memory—in which long-term memory is dependent upon representations distributed throughout the human brain rather than one specialised system—is proposed.
Spectral theory of piecewise continuous functions of self‐adjoint operators

Let H0, H be a pair of self‐adjoint operators for which the standard assumptions of the smooth version of scattering theory hold true. We give an explicit description of the absolutely continuous (a.c.) spectrum of the operator 𝒟θ=θ(H)−θ(H0) for piecewise continuous functions θ. This description involves the scattering matrix for the pair H0, H, evaluated at the discontinuities of θ. We also prove that the singular continuous spectrum of 𝒟θ is empty and that the eigenvalues of this operator have finite multiplicities and may accumulate only to the ‘thresholds’ of the a.c. spectrum of 𝒟θ. Our approach relies on the construction of ‘model’ operators for each jump of the function θ. These model operators are defined as certain symmetrized Hankel operators (SHOs) which admit explicit spectral analysis. We develop the multichannel scattering theory for the set of model operators and the operator θ(H)−θ(H0). As a by‐product of our approach, we also construct the scattering theory for general SHOs with piecewise continuous symbols.