Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marianismo and Caregiving Role Beliefs Among U.S.-Born and Immigrant Mexican Women.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore how women of Mexican-origin conceptualized caregiving as a construct in terms of cultural beliefs, social norms, role functioning, and familial obligations. We examined the personal experiences of U.S-born and immigrant Mexican female caregivers to identify how these 2 groups differed in their views of the caregiver role. METHODS We conducted 1-time in-depth interviews with 44 caregivers living in Southern California. Our study was guided by marianismo, a traditional role occupied by women in the Mexican family. We analyzed data from a grounded theory approach involving the constant comparative method to refine and categorize the data. RESULTS The majority of all caregivers had similar views about caregiving as an undertaking by choice, and almost all caregivers engaged in self-sacrificing actions to fulfill the marianismo role. Despite these similarities, U.S.-born and immigrant caregivers used different words to describe the same concepts or assigned different meanings to other key aspects of caregiving, suggesting that these 2 groups had different underlying motivations for caregiving and orientations to the role. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight the complexity of language and culture in underlying caregiving concepts, making the concepts challenging to operationalize and define in a heterogeneous sample of Latinos.
Compartmentation of Lactate and Glucose Metabolism in C6 Glioma Cells

13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the metabolism ofl-lactate and d-glucose in C6 glioma cells. The changing of lactate and glucose concentration in the extracellular medium of C6 glioma cells incubated with 5.5 mm glucose and 11 mm lactate indicated a net production of lactate as the consequence of an active aerobic glycolysis. The 13C enrichments of various metabolites were determined after 4-h cell incubation in media containing both substrates, each of them being alternatively labeled in the form of either [3-13C]l-lactate or [1-13C]d-glucose. Using 11 mm[3-13C]l-lactate, the enrichment of glutamate C4, 69%, was found higher than that of alanine C3, 32%, when that of acetyl-CoA C2 was 78%. These results indicated that exogenous lactate was the major substrate for the oxidative metabolism of the cells. Nevertheless, an active glycolysis occurred, leading to a net lactate production. This lactate was, however, metabolically different from the exogenous lactate as both lactate species did not mix into a unique compartment. The results were actually consistent with the concept of the existence of two pools of both lactate and pyruvate, wherein one pool was closely connected with exogenous lactate and was the main fuel for the oxidative metabolism, and the other pool was closely related to aerobic glycolysis.
Thresholding Based Method for Rainy Cloud Detection with NOAA/AVHRR Data by Means of Jacobi Itteration Method

Thresholding based method for rainy cloud detection with NOAA/AVHRR data by means of Jacobi iteration method is proposed. Attempts of the proposed method are made through comparisons to truth data which are provided by Japanese Meteorological Agency: JMA which is derived from radar data. Although the experimental results show not so good regressive performance, new trials give some knowledge and are informative. Therefore, the proposed method suggests for creation of new method for rainfall area detection with visible and thermal infrared imagery data.
Cutaneous Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphomas Histopathologically Mimicking Benign Inflammatory Disease

Abstract: Few studies have evaluated the histopathological features of cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). The authors' study aims to describe cases of cutaneous ENKTL that histopathologically mimic benign inflammatory dermatosis. The authors searched the database of Asan Medical Center to identify cases of cutaneous ENKTL that were confirmed by skin biopsy between January 1998 and December 2014. The authors included cases that were initially diagnosed as benign inflammatory disorders on the histopathological examination, but finally diagnosed as cutaneous ENKTL on further evaluation. This study included 10 cases of cutaneous ENKTL. Six cases demonstrated nonspecific perivascular cellular infiltration, 2 cases demonstrated lupus erythematosus-like histological features, 1 case demonstrated psoriasiform lichenoid reaction, and 1 case demonstrated vasculitis-like features on histopathological examination. All cases were positive for CD56 and Epstein–Barr virus in situ hybridization. Perivascular infiltrations throughout the superficial and deep dermis with vasculopathy and panniculitic infiltration were common histopathological findings. The clinical features included 7 cases of erythematous to purpuric patches, 2 cases of facial swelling, and 1 case of cellulitis-like swelling. In conclusion, cutaneous ENKTL can histopathologically mimic benign inflammatory dermatosis. Cutaneous ENKTL should be suspected when histopathology shows perivascular dermal infiltration with vasculopathy and panniculitic cellular infiltration.
How important is mobile telephony for economic growth? Evidence from MENA countries

Purpose The explosion of mobile telephony in recent times has led to the emergence of a significant volume of literature. One area that has been relatively under-researched has been the role of mobile telephony in impacting economic growth and the relevance of financial inclusion in this respect. Using data on MENA countries during 2001-2012, this paper aims to examine this issue within an empirical framework. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on longitudinal data for the period 2001-2012 and examines the interrelationships among per capita income, financial inclusion and mobile telephony. To take on board this interrelationship, the authors use a simultaneous equation model. In contrast to the ordinary least squares, 3SLS exploits the information that the disturbance terms in the two structural terms are contemporaneously correlated, thereby producing consistent estimates. Findings The analysis suggests a significant relationship among these variables. In particular, a 1 per cent increase in the fraction of population using mobile telephony improves incomes by roughly 0.3 per cent points, whereas a similar 1 per cent increase in financial inclusion has double the impact on income. The findings also support a convex, non-linear relationship between income and cellular penetration. Robustness tests lend credence to these findings. Originality/value Although there are several studies on mobile telephony and growth, this paper provides a completely original contribution in the area of financial inclusion, linking the development of access to mobile communication to new channels for the unbanked population in the Arab economies.
The Effect of Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Several Essential Oils on Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The major chemical components of four essential oils (EOs) extracted from dry leaves of Citrus limonum, Cymbopogon citratus, Litsea cubeba, and Muristica fragrans were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and their fumigant, contact, and repellent activities against 10th instar and adults of Tenebrio molitor were also assayed. The results indicated that the major constituents of C. limonum and Cy. citrates were D-limonene (38.22%) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (26.21%), while which of L. cubeba and M. fragrans were (E)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal (49.78%) and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (79.31%), respectively. Contact activities of L. cubeba and C. limonum with LC50 values of 21.2 and 13.9 µg/cm2 at 48 h and repellence activities (>89.0% repellence indexes) (P < 0.05) at 12 h on 10th instar were better than those of the other two EOs. Nevertheless, the fumigation activities of L. cubeba on 10th instar and adults (LC50 = 2.7, 3.7 μl/liter) were stronger than those of C. limonum (LC50 = 10.9, 12.0 μl/liter) at 96 h and significant (not overlapping confidence intervals). The EOs of L. cubeba and C. limonum have clearly elongated the growth and development of larvae, egg, and slightly shorten pupae and adults of T. molitor compared with the control. The mainly active ingredients of L. cubeba and C. limonum, including D-limonene and β-pinene, were demonstrated to coinhibit the actives of AChE and enhance the toxicities on 10th instar of T. molitor. These results indicate that the EOs of L. cubeba and C. limonum could have great potential as botanical insecticides against T. molitor.
Treatment With the Neutralizing Antibody Against Repulsive Guidance Molecule-a Promotes Recovery From Impaired Manual Dexterity in a Primate Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Axons in the mature mammalian central nervous system have only a limited capacity to grow/regenerate after injury, and spontaneous recovery of motor functions is therefore not greatly expected in spinal cord injury (SCI). To promote functional recovery after SCI, it is critical that corticospinal tract (CST) fibers reconnect properly with target spinal neurons through enhanced axonal growth/regeneration. Here, we applied antibody treatment against repulsive guidance molecule-a (RGMa) to a monkey model of SCI. We found that inhibition of upregulated RGMa around the lesioned site in the cervical cord resulted in recovery from impaired manual dexterity by accentuated penetration of CST fibers into laminae VII and IX, where spinal interneurons and motoneurons are located, respectively. Furthermore, pharmacological inactivation following intracortical microstimulation revealed that the contralesional, but not the ipsilesional, primary motor cortex was crucially involved in functional recovery at a late stage in our SCI model. The present data indicate that treatment with the neutralizing antibody against RGMa after SCI is a potential target for achieving restored manual dexterity in primates.
Volatility of Exchange Rates, Interest Rates, and Stock Returns

In this paper we empirically examine the relatioaship betweenexchangerate volatility, tlifferential interestmtes, and differential stock returns in a GARCH framework. The empirical evidence presented in this paper supports the findings of other researchers that conditional heteroscedastic processes that allow for autocorrelation between the first and second onler moments of returns distributions over time characterize the behavior of the movements in exchange rates. We find daily exchange rates to be approximated by a GARCH (1,1) model. Our results show that both absolute differences in interest rates and absolute differences in stock returns help to explain exchange rate volatility.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Group B Streptococcal Isolates in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT One-hundred sixty-eight group B streptococcal (GBS) isolates from a Brazilian hospital were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Isolates were recovered from human sources from April 2006 to May 2008 and classified as either invasive, noninvasive, or colonizing isolates. Classical methods for serotyping and antibiotic resistance profiling were employed. Clonal groups were also defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results showed that susceptibility to beta-lactam antimicrobials was predominant among the isolates. Only 4.7% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. The erm(B) gene was widely detected in our GBS isolates, according to our phenotypic results (constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B [cMLSB] resistance phenotype), and the erm(A) gene was also detected in some isolates. MLSB resistance was restricted to strains isolated from patients with noninvasive infections and carriers. Serotype Ia was predominant (38.1%), serotype IV isolates were found at a high frequency (13.1%), and few isolates of serotype III were identified (3%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results revealed a variety of types, reflecting the substantial genetic diversity among GBS strains, although a great number of isolates could be clustered into two major groups with a high degree of genetic relatedness. Three main PFGE clonal groups were found, and isolates sharing the same PFGE type were grouped into different serotypes. Furthermore, in a few cases, isolates from the same patients and possessing the same PFGE type were of different serotypes. These findings could be related to the occurrence of capsular switching by horizontal transfer of capsular genes.
Effects of composite restorations on nitric oxide and uric acid levels in saliva

Background and Aims: Dental materials that are used in dentistry should be harmless to oral tissues, and should, therefore, not contain any leachable toxic and diffusible substances capable of causing side effects. This study was intended to investigate the effects on salivary nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid (UA) levels after application of dental composite filling materials to healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 individuals (32 female and 20 male) participated in the study. Filtek Z250 composite filling material (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was applied to healthy volunteers. Saliva samples were collected before restoration (baseline) and 1 h, 1-day, 7 days, and 30 days after restoration. NO concentrations were measured using the Griess reaction method, and UA was measured using an enzymatic method. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α =5%). Results: NO values increased statistically significant after 7 days (P < 0.05). In addition, lower UA levels were determined compared to the baseline levels, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between NO and UA levels in saliva (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Composite resins activated the antioxidant system in saliva. However, further studies are now needed to confirm our findings and to permit a definitive conclusion.
Extended access cocaine self‐administration differentially activates dorsal raphe and amygdala corticotropin‐releasing factor systems in rats

Cocaine‐induced neuroadaptation of stress‐related circuitry and increased access to cocaine each putatively contribute to the transition from cocaine use to cocaine dependence. The present study tested the hypothesis that rats receiving extended versus brief daily access to cocaine would exhibit regional differences in levels of the stress‐regulatory neuropeptide corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF). A secondary goal was to explore how CRF levels change in relation to the time since cocaine self‐administration. Male Wistar rats acquired operant self‐administration of cocaine and were assigned to receive daily long access (6 hours/day, LgA, n = 20) or short access (1 hour/day, ShA, n = 18) to intravenous cocaine self‐administration (fixed ratio 1, ∼0.50 mg/kg/infusion). After at least 3 weeks, tissue CRF immunoreactivity was measured at one of three timepoints: pre‐session, post‐session or 3 hours post‐session. LgA, but not ShA, rats showed increased total session and first‐hour cocaine intake. CRF immunoreactivity increased within the dorsal raphe (DR) and basolateral, but not central, nucleus of the amygdala (BLA, CeA) of ShA rats from pre‐session to 3 hours post‐session. In LgA rats, CRF immunoreactivity increased from pre‐session to 3 hours post‐session within the CeA and DR but tended to decrease in the BLA. LgA rats showed higher CRF levels than ShA rats in the DR and, pre‐session, in the BLA. Thus, voluntary cocaine intake engages stress‐regulatory CRF systems of the DR and amygdala. Increased availability of cocaine promotes greater tissue CRF levels in these extrahypothalamic brain regions, changes associated here with a model of cocaine dependence.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA Polymorphisms That Do Not Confer Pyrazinamide Resistance at a Breakpoint Concentration of 100 Micrograms per Milliliter in MGIT

ABSTRACT Sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA gene allows for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing. We summarize data on pncA polymorphisms that do not confer resistance at a susceptibility breakpoint of 100 μg/ml pyrazinamide in MGIT within a cohort of isolates from South Africa and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Identification of core-attachment complexes based on maximal frequent patterns in protein-protein interaction networks

In this paper, we present a method based on mining maximal frequent patterns for core-attachment complexes identification in yeast protein-protein interaction networks (PINs). Our method contains of two stages. Firstly, it finds all the protein-complex cores by mining maximal frequent patterns in PIN using FP-growth method. Then it filters the redundant cores and adds the attachment proteins for each remained core to form protein complexes. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our method using three different yeast PINs. The results show that our method is better than other existing methods with regard to localization and Gene Ontology (GO) semantic similarity within the predicted complexes. Furthermore, the accuracy of prediction with regard to the known CYC2008 reference complexes proves that our results can obtain higher map complex rate.
Representation of the temporal raphe within the optic tract of the cat

Abstract The retinal topography of the cat's optic tract was determined by means of injections of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the tract. This analysis was accomplished by the subtraction of all HRP injection sites not labeling a defined retinal area from those injection sites which resulted in ganglion cell labeling (Venn diagram analysis). Using this method, the following correspondences were demonstrated for the ipsilateral and contralateral projections: superior retina represented in medial optic tract; inferior retina in lateral tract; and area centralis in a dorsocentral location (which was part of a larger area representing the visual streak). The temporal raphe was represented in the ipsilateral tract as a band curving from the area centralis region toward the dorsomedial border of the tract. Contralateral fibers from a region superior to the optic disc were found to be displaced with respect to the general retinal representation in the optic tract and this appeared to be related to retinal development. The ratio of contralateral to ipsilateral fibers was determined and found to be nonuniform within the tract. Injection of HRP into the optic tract of the cat also allowed the axons from labeled retinal ganglion cells to be traced within the retina and optic disc. Axons from ganglion cells lying temporal to the raphe curve around the area centralis enter the optic disc on the lateral and inferior aspects. Ganglion cells lying nasal to the raphe send their axons more directly to enter the optic disc on its superior aspect. A schema is proposed whereby the retina is mapped onto the optic tract.
Foreign Exchange Market Efficiency in Asia Pacific: 1997 - 2010

We investigate the state of foreign exchange markets efficiency in Asia Pacific under different time periods based on some of the key economic events. We employ two popular techniques to test for foreign exchange markets efficiency. First, we use the Johansen cointegration technique to test for the unbiasedness hypothesis of the forward exchange rates. Second, we run the Fama regression to determine whether the forward exchange rates are unbiased predictor of future spot exchange rates. We found that the foreign exchange markets in Asia Pacific are generally efficient within-country in which the spot and forward exchange rates are cointegrated. From the across-country perspective, the foreign exchange markets are generally efficient when tested using the bivariate cointegration method but show some evidence of inefficiency when tested using the multivariate method. However, the finding of stationary forward premium reduces the argument for markets inefficiency as the error correction term could possibly be acting as proxy for risk premium. Lastly, the Fama regression results show that the forward bias puzzle is a pervasive phenomenon which happens in all of the currency markets. From the pooled regression analysis, this phenomenon is shown to be particularly prevalent among the high income and more liberalised nations during the overall and normal periods. On the other hand, this phenomenon is present among the medium income and not-so-liberalised nations during the turbulent periods.
Effects of Apigenin on Experimental Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Ovary

Background: Apigenin is a plant-derived compound belonging to the flavone class, which possess antioxidant, free-radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. Aims: To address the effects of apigenin on serum anti-mullerian hormone levels, tissue oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four sections: Sham operation (group 1), ischemia/reperfusion plus saline (group 2), ischemia/reperfusion plus dimethyl sulfoxide (group 3) and ischemia/reperfusion plus apigenin (group 4). In all ischemia/reperfusion groups, a bilateral adnexal 3-h period of ischemia was performed, followed by 3-h of reperfusion. A single dose of 15 mg/kg apigenin was given intraperitoneally 60 min before reperfusion in group 4. After 3-h of reperfusion, both ovaries were removed, and blood samples were collected. The main outcome measures were serum anti-mullerian hormone levels, ovarian tissue malondialdehyde, total nitric oxide, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels and histopathological damage scores. Results: The ovarian tissue nitric oxide level was significantly lower, and the glutathione level was significantly higher in group 4 compared with groups 2 and 3. There was no significant difference in anti-mullerian hormone levels among the three ischemia/reperfusion groups. The histopathological damage score was lower in group 4 than in groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Administration of apigenin has no significant protective effect on ovarian reserve and tissue damage in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury.