Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-N collisional dynamics – IV. Order in the realm of not-so-small-N

In this paper, the fourth in the series, we continue our study of combinatorics in chaotic Newtonian dynamics. We focus once again on the chaotic four-body problem in Newtonian gravity assuming finite-sized particles, and interactions that produce direct collisions between any two particles. Our long-term goal is to predict the probability of a given collision event occurring over the course of an interaction, as a function of the numbers and properties of the particles. In previous papers, we varied the number of interacting particles, as well as the distributions of particle radii and masses. Here, we refine the methods developed in these preceding studies, and arrive at a final and robust methodology that can be used to study collisional dynamics in a variety of astrophysical contexts, ranging from stars in star clusters, galaxies in galaxy groups and clusters and even the collisional growth of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks. We further present and refine the concept of a Collision Rate Diagram (CRD), the primary tool we use to quantify the relative rates for different collision scenarios to occur. The agreement between our final theoretical model and the results of numerical scattering simulations is excellent.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title IMPACT OF ELECTRIC LIGHTING EFFICIENCY ON THE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL OF DAYLIGHTING FROM ROOF MONITORS Permalink

A developmental version of the building energy analys~ computer program BLASTt was used to perform simulations of a prototypical, single-story office building. Total annual energy consumption was computed using Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) [lJ weather data from three locations in the United States. For each location, two electric lighting designs were tested on the baseline building (no roof monitors) to compare the energy requirements of current-practice and more efficient electric lighting designs. The roof monitors had highly diffusing, vertical glazings facing southeast and southwest. The results show that improving electric lighting system efficiency and adding roof monitors for daylighting both have the potential for substantially reducing lighting electricity and the energy cost of operating the building, The potential benefits of daylighting are substantially lower for a building outfitted with a more efficient electric lighting system, although they are still significant. To determine the limits of validity of the simulations, a number of sensitivities studies were performed. Among the issues investi.gated were: dirt deposits, snow accumulation, glazing optical properties, interior design, luminous efficacy of admitted sunlight, and thermostatic controls.
Multispacecraft observations and modeling of the 22/23 June 2015 geomagnetic storm

The magnetic storm of 22–23 June 2015 was one of the largest in the current solar cycle. We present in situ observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) and the Van Allen Probes (VAP) in the magnetotail, field‐aligned currents from AMPERE (Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response), and ionospheric flow data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Our real‐time space weather alert system sent out a “red alert,” correctly predicting Kp indices greater than 8. We show strong outflow of ionospheric oxygen, dipolarizations in the MMS magnetometer data, and dropouts in the particle fluxes seen by the MMS Fast Plasma Instrument suite. At ionospheric altitudes, the AMPERE data show highly variable currents exceeding 20 MA. We present numerical simulations with the Block Adaptive Tree‐Solarwind ‐ Roe ‐ Upwind Scheme (BATS‐R‐US) global magnetohydrodynamic model linked with the Rice Convection Model. The model predicted the magnitude of the dipolarizations, and varying polar cap convection patterns, which were confirmed by DMSP measurements.
Background Music in Educational Films:

3 INTRODUCTION . 4 Background music in educational films . 5 A limited capacity model for educational films . 6 Background music to induce arousal . 7 METHOD . 9 Design and subjects . 9 Stimulus development . 9 Measures . 13 Procedure . 14 RESULTS . 16 Manipulation check . 16 Memory for presented information . 17 Evaluation of educational films . 19 CONCLUSION . 21 Interpretation of findings . 21 DISCUSSION . 23 Recommendations . 23 REFERENCES . 25 APPENDIX I . 30 APPENDIX II . 38 APPENDIX III . 41 APPENDIX IV . 49
The Challenges of Name Change in South Africa: The Case of Makhado Town

This was a descriptive and qualitative case study that investigated the processes involving citizen participation in the course of the attempts to replace the name Louis Trichardt with the name Makhado. I conducted qualitative and descriptive investigation based on data from literature. The data were collated from the literature, i.e. articles, policies, government legislations, municipal- reports, attendance registers and reports. The data were collected and captured in excel and analyzed with results shown in tables and figures. In terms of results the study has found that Makhado municipality has widely invited the participation of residents through various platforms. It further revealed that only 6.7% participated in the renaming process. It was also found that 51% of residents participated in ward 20 while 49% participated in ward 21. Finally, the study concluded by revealing that the majority of the residents did not participate in the consultation process. In conclusion, the study revealed that the majority of the people failed to participate in the renaming process to change the name Louis Trichardt to Makhado. Low participation by residents rendered the proposed name illegitimate. While wards 20 and 21 are predominantly comprised of whites, only a few come out to participate. Low participation by whites suggests that they still want to defend racial identity because the name Louis Trichardt is that of an historical Afrikaans leader. Whites launch court challenges against the new names to protect white names. The study recommends 1) use of the names of people must be prohibited; 2) double-barrel renaming must be encouraged so as to incorporate old names with new names and 3) procedures for name-changing need to be widely publicized so as to ensure that the public is properly informed.
MAURÍCIO PAMPLONA SEGUNDO Real-time 3D face recognition using low-cost acquisition devices

Biometric identification seeks to distinguish humans by physical or behavioral characteristics, but there is not a perfect biometric feature. Face biometrics show up as a viable option, since they are well accepted by the public, the capturing process requires minimal collaboration or even no collaboration at all, and the cost is fairly low. As a counterpoint, its performance degrades in uncontrolled conditions, which may include variations in pose, illumination, resolution, environment, facial expressions and age. Among different facial properties that could be used for recognition, the geometry stands out for its invariance to pose and illumination. Within this context, this doctoral work aims to propose a solution for the problem of recognizing people using the facial geometry. What differ this work from other works addressing this problem in the literature is that we have added real-time performance and low-cost acquisition as a requirement. To accomplish this, we have designed a novel face detection method, which was thoroughly evaluated and compared to the state-of-the-art, and we have also optimized the normalization, description and matching stages of the recognition process. We have shown the operation of our system in one of the possible applications, which consists in continuously authenticating the identity of a user to provide a more secure session for high security environments. By doing so, we have developed the first continuous authentication system based on the geometry of the face, which is robust to a wide range of facial variations. Finally, we have addressed the compatibility between our system and the current forms of identification (e.g. ID cards, passports, driver licenses). To this end, we have designed a 3D face reconstruction method that uses a single or multiple 2D views of a face to retrieve its geometry. Our results show that the method can effectively create realistic 3D face models, which are suitable for person identification.
An Efficient Protocol for Callus Induction in Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Using Leaf Explants at Varied Concentrations of Sucrose

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Family: Thy melaeaceae), co mmonly known as agarwood, eagle wood or Gaharu is a co mmercially important tree species of northeast India. The Aquilaria tree is categorised as critically endangered in Ind ia. This species is being continuously exploited due to its precious heartwood which is the source of expensive agar oil used in the production of high grade perfu mes as well as in trad itional medicines. The main aim of this study was to establish a speedy callus production protocol fro m Aquilaria malaccensis which may serve as an important option for direct extraction of agar o il. For this purpose, large scale p roduction of callus tissue is needed. An efficient callus regeneration protocol was established through leaf pro liferation in Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. using Murashige and Skoog mediu m supplemented with least amount of plant growth hormones (2,4 D, NAA, Kinetin & BAP) at varied concentrations of sucrose (2-5%). Callus could be initiated in all the treat ments of hormones and sugar levels; however, the best callus growth was obtained in the MS med iu m supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) + NAA (3mg/l) g iving the h ighest fresh (7.368g) and dry cell b io mass (2.170g) at the optimu m sucrose concentration (4%) after 45-60 days of incubation.
Epidemiological Surveillance of Pandemic H 1 N 1 2009 infections in Northern Greece

In response to the health emergency declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in April 2009, Greece set up an enhanced surveillance system for pandemic H1N1 2009 by the 30th of April 2009. During the period of study (weeks 19-53), 3.903 suspected pharyngeal were examined at the National Influenza Centre for northern Greece. 1439 specimens were confirmed as pandemic H1N1 2009 (37.23%) infections. The hospitalization rate increased dramatically during November and December, while the death rate was 1.3%.
Analysis of the long-term polarization behaviour of BL Lac

An analysis is performed of polarimetric and photometric observations of BL Lac carried out in 1969–1991 at the Astronomical Institute of St. Petersburg State University. The distribution of polarization directions certainly points to the existence of the preferred direction of polarization ($\theta= 22\degr$) close to the direction of the jet observed by VLBI. High polarization degree and colorimetric data are evidence of the synchrotron nature of the variable source. The relative Stokes parameters are distributed normally over some mean value. The correlations between different parameters characterizing the flux density and polarization of the central point source allow us to consider that in BL Lac there is a continually acting source of polarized radiation on which the sources with randomly distributed polarization directions are superimposed.
Distribution of Wyeomyia smithii (Diptera, Culicidae) eggs in pitcher plants in Newfoundland, Canada.

Egg distribution of the pitcher plant mosquito Wyeomyia smithit was studied in Newfoundland, Canada, in July 1979. Most eggs were laid in new pitchers and chemical stimuli specific to new pitchers were considered to play a dominant role in this selectivity. Larger pitchers had more eggs than smaller ones. The analysis of the distribution pattern of eggs suggested that a female lays eggs neither at random nor in a large batch, but tends to lay eggs in small numbers at a time. Based on the results, sampling plans for future population studies were considered. Some aspects of the ecology and evolution of mosquitoes breeding in small-container habitats, especially those associated with living plants, were discussed. The concept of "skip oviposition" was proposed. Wyeomyiasmithii (Coquillett) is a mosquito breeding in the water-filled pitcher of Sarracenia purpurea, an insectivorous plant endemic to bogs of eastern North America. In Canada this mosquito is suitable for population studies since pitchers in open bogs are easily collected, it is the only mosquito in the habitat, each population is isolated and clearly defined, each generation is distinct and the absolute number of each developmental stage from eggs to emerged adults can be counted with ease. Further, this species can easily be colonized in the laboratory. This simplicity may prove instructive in elucidating the fundamentals of mosquito populations breeding in phytotelmata, small water-collections associated with plants, which flourish in tropical environment. In this report, some factors influencing the egg distribution will be examined as a first step toward a comprehensive study on the population dynamics of this species. Based on the results, sampling plans for population studies will be considered.
Physicochemical properties of gold nanostructures deposited on glass

Properties of gold films sputtered onto borosilicate glass substrate were studied. UV-Vis absorption spectra were used to investigate optical parameters. XRD analysis provided information about the gold crystalline nanostructure, the texture, and lattice parameter and biaxial tension was also determined by the XRD method.The surface morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM); chemical structure of sputtered gold nanostructures was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). The gold crystallites are preferentially [111] oriented on the sputtered samples. Gold deposition leads to dramatic changes in the surface morphology in comparison to pristine glass substrate. Oxygen is not incorporated into the gold layer during gold deposition. Experimental data on lattice parameter were also confirmed by theoretical investigations of nanoclusters using tight-binding potentials.
Karyotype aberrations and gene mutations characteristics correlated it with UM prognosis

Researchers tried to determined it whether the prognostic of the high incidence karyotype aberrations and gene mutations that had been displayed in uveal melanoma patients. Such as what the prognosis usually was about UM patients with loss of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3), polyploidy (>2N) or gain of chromosome 8q that were combined with/without the main gene mutations of BAP1 (BRCA-associated protein 1), EIF1AX (eukaryotic translation factor 1A), GNAQ (Guanine nucleotidebinding protein, q polypeptide), GNA11 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, subunit alpha-11) and SF3B1 (splicing factor 3 subunit B1). Through the literatures of recent years, researchers had suggested aberration of karyotypes and mutation of genes were both made in patients with different prognostic results than we had anticipated but allowed us to reassure patients with a good prognosis.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE CLASSROOM: WHATSAPP A NEW COMMUNICATION TOOL FOR ENHANCED CLASS INTERACTIONS

This study is grounded in the author's personal experience of using WhatsApp as a communication tool in a mathematics classroom. This platform was used to supplement the normal face-to-face communication between the lecturer and ICT students. WhatsApp was used during the first semester in 2015/2016 at the College of Business Education Dar Es Salaam campus. The class groups consisting of a first-year diploma and bachelor degree students were created and then passed on to another three lecturers who utilized this platform for communication. WhatsApp is a Smartphone application for instant messaging. One of the unique features of this application is its ability to enhance communication within a group of people. Besides, classroom communication between lecturers and students in higher learning using WhatsApp has not yet, to the author’s knowledge, been researched particularly in Tanzania. Therefore, this study explores the use of WhatsApp as used by the four lecturers and ICT students in enhancing class communication. More specifically, the study investigates the ways WhatApp were used by the students and lecturers, the benefits and challenges of using WhatsApp for classroom purposes as perceived by the students. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 10 randomly selected students as well as observation of the group chats. Data was analyzed qualitatively based on categories and major themes. Results show that WhatsApp was used for sharing study materials in the form of links, notes, assignments, and coursework, it was used to enhance communication between teachers and students, students used WhatsApp environment to help one another and to cater for anywhere anytime learning. The benefits obtained were Staying up to date, facilitating collaborative problem solving, increasing motivation to learn and reducing the cost of material production. Challenges encountered include lack of privacy due to limited options, misuse of the group due to the lack of rules, and exclusion of students without smart phones. Implications of using WhatsApp for class instructions and student engagement are provided.
ON THE PRESSURE DEPENDENCE OF A STARLING-LIKE RESISTOR

A Starling resistor in models of fluid flow through a collapsible tube is a resistance term that depends on the transmural pressure across the tube wall. In a traditional Starling resistor, negative transmural pressure im- plies that the tube is fully collapsed and fluid flow is blocked. The present work develops a nonlinear expression for a Starling-like resistor that can be used to represent flow resistance in vessels, such as the intracranial transverse venous sinuses, where transmural pressure is negative in the normal resting state and the vessel is not fully collapsed. Expressing flow resistance in terms of vessel cross-sectional area, the lumped resistance between two points in the vasculature subjected to negative transmural pressure is found to depend on
Predicting milk phosphorus content based on genotypic and milk infrared data

Predicting milk phosphorus content based on genotypic and milk infrared data rlands A cheap and accurate method for estimating milk P content of individual cows would better allow farmers to feed their cows according to their P requirements. This study aimed at predicting milk P content based on different information sources: routinely recorded milk composition traits, genotypic data and infrared spectra. Data of 1400 Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows was used. Prediction models were developed using the Partial Least Squares Regression and validated using test set validation. Prediction of milk P content based on protein content has an R2v of 41%. Prediction based on genotypes for the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism and the SNP rs29019625 (BTA1, close to SLC37A1) result in R2v of 8.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Based on the infrared spectrum the R2v for milk P content was 84%. We quantified that phosphorus efficiency can be improved with 17% when feeding cows based on the developed infrared prediction for milk P content. Key words: milk phosphorus, infrared, prediction, efficiency.
Constraining the Jurassic extent of Greater India: Tectonic evolution of the West Australian margin

Alternative reconstructions of the Jurassic northern extent of Greater India differ by up to several thousand kilometers. We present a new model that is constrained by revised seafloor spreading anomalies, fracture zones and crustal ages based on drillsites/dredges from all the abyssal plains along the West Australian margin and the Wharton Basin, where an unexpected sliver of Jurassic seafloor (153 Ma) has been found embedded in Cretaceous (95 My old) seafloor. Based on fracture zone trajectories, this NeoTethyan sliver must have originally formed along a western extension of the spreading center that formed the Argo Abyssal Plain, separating a western extension of West Argoland/West Burma from Greater India as a ribbon terrane. The NeoTethyan sliver, Zenith and Wallaby plateaus moved as part of Greater India until westward ridge jumps isolated them. Following another spreading reorganization, the Jurassic crust resumed migrating with Greater India until it was re‐attached to the Australian plate ∼95 Ma. The new Wharton Basin data and kinematic model place strong constraints on the disputed northern Jurassic extent of Greater India. Late Jurassic seafloor spreading must have reached south to the Cuvier Abyssal Plain on the West Australian margin, connected to a spreading ridge wrapping around northern Greater India, but this Jurassic crust is no longer preserved there, having been entirely transferred to the conjugate plate by ridge propagations. This discovery constrains the major portion of Greater India to have been located south of the large‐offset Wallaby‐Zenith Fracture Zone, excluding much larger previously proposed shapes of Greater India.
Military Leadership, Service Networks, and Priorities in Military Spending

How does political competition among domestic actors influence foreign policy choice? Studies examining this question often focus on the role of economic or partisan interests, and how they influence the preferences civilian decision-makers who are subject to the electoral pressures of their constituents. Less attention has been paid to how the preferences of other influential, unelected, actors influence state behavior. I examine the influence of one such group by looking at how the preferences of American military leaders shape decisions on American military spending and force structure. Using tools from the field of network analysis, I find support for the idea that military leaders occupying key positions can influence defense spending priorities in favor of their respective branches. Results also show how the influence of military leaders has changed over time, and is conditional upon the institutions governing the relationships between civilian decision-makers and military leaders.
Occurrence of Salmonella species in the Environment of broiler Poultry Farms of Jabal Awliya Locality, Sudan.

Article history The aim of this study was to detect the occurrence of Salmonella species in the environment of broiler poultry farms of Jabal Awliya Locality and to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 162 samples were collected from water source, drinkers, feed, feeders, litter, dust, faeces, cloacal swabs, and hand swabs from workers from different 18 farms from April 2013 to February 2014. Samples were analyzed by using ISO 6975(2002) and confirmed by using API20E strips. The results showed that the overall prevalence of Salmonella spp was 10 (6.2%) recovered from 8(44.4%) farms. Isolates were collected from drinkers1 (10.0 %%), feeders 1(10.0%), faeces 1(10.0%), cloacal swabs 1(10.0%), dust 3(30.0%), and litter 3(30.0%), however, water source, poultry feed, and hand swabs of workers were free from Salmonella species. This study showed that all the isolates (100%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, cefixime, cefotaxime, and colistin followed by, chloramphenicol (90. %), co-tri moxazole (70.0 %), streptomycin (70.0%), gentamicin (70.0%), ampicillin (30.0%), tetracycline (30.0%), nalidixic acid (30%), while amoxicillin showed the highest resistant antibiotic. This study was done at the laboratory of the Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University.