Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Export Activity, IPO Underpricing, Long-Run Performance and Survival

We examine the effect of export activity on the pricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) and their post-IPO performance and survival. On the one hand, foreign market operations diversify a firm’s revenue base and the risk of domestic cash flow shocks and may also provide an entree into foreign sources of financing. On the other hand, export activity may bring additional risk and complexity leading to greater uncertainty about the pricing of the IPO. Indeed, relative to non-exporting IPO firms, exporting IPO firms are significantly smaller, are riskier according to standard measures, and have higher expenditures on research and development. Using a sample of 4,837 IPO firms from 1986 to 2010, we find that IPO firms with export activity have a significantly lower level of underpricing than IPO firms without export activity after controlling for all factors known to influence IPO initial returns. In addition, the risk-adjust returns of exporting IPO firms outperform non-exporting IPO firms by 55 - 122 basis points on a monthly basis over either three or five year periods after the IPO. Our initial return and long-run return results are highly robust to propensity score matching techniques which account for possible reversed causality and selection bias. Lastly, we find that exporting IPO firms have significantly higher survival rates than non-exporting IPO firms; the hazard rate of firms that export around IPO years is 54 - 71% of firms that do not export. Overall, we provide strong evidence that export activity has an economically significant effect on the valuation and subsequent performance of IPO firms.
The Emergence of Market Structure in New Repeat-Purchase Categories: The Interplay of Market Share and Retailer Distribution

The authors study brand-share dynamics among competing brands in new repeat-purchase categories. In such new categories, market shares are strongly affected by retailer distribution decisions. Because a retailer that considers a brand for distribution can take into account the prior performance of that brand with other retailers, the success of a manufacturer in obtaining distribution can depend positively on its brand's market share to date. This creates positive feedback between a brand's market share and its distribution over the growth stage of the category. Temporary positive feedback, along with the way manufacturers influence their brand's market share and distribution, is hypothesized to drive the emergence of the market structure. The authors model this feedback to quantify the evolution of a brand's coupled market share and distribution. Empirical results using data from the U.S. ready-to-drink tea category suggest that positive feedback between market share and distribution exists in the early growth stage of the category. Therefore, early in the life of the new category small short-term changes in market share or distribution may generate larger long-term changes in market share and distribution. Later, such momentum appears absent. In this context, the authors discuss how a late entrant fails to capture a sizeable share of the market.
Differential ultrasonic indices of separation distress in the presence and absence of maternal cues in infant rats bred for high and low positive social affect

Objective Preclinical models of human mood disorders commonly focus on the study of negative affectivity, without comparably stressing the role of positive affects and their ability to promote resilient coping styles. We evaluated the role of background constitutional affect of rats by studying the separation and reunion responses of infants from low and high positive affect genetic lines (i.e., differentially selected for High and Low 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs). Methods Infants from Low and High 50 kHz USV breeding lines were isolated from mothers and exposed to either social (familiar or unfamiliar bedding) or neutral (clean bedding) odour cues between two short isolation periods, and tested in homeothermic and hypothermic ambient temperatures. Negative affect was estimated by monitoring separation distress calls (35–45 kHz USVs). Results Low Line pups called at higher rates than High Line, and their rates were stable regardless of odour cue. In contrast, High Line pups increased vocalisations during the second compared with the first isolation periods and during exposure to both familiar and unfamiliar odour cues, but not to neutral odour. Furthermore, the greatest increase in USV emission was seen in the second isolation period following exposure to the unfamiliar odour. However, both lines showed comparable elevated distress USVs to the thermal stressor. Conclusion High Line animals, selected for a positive affective phenotype (50 kHz USVs), exhibited reduced separation anxiety responses in infancy, making this a promising animal model for the role of constitutional affective states in emotional responsivity and potential resilience against emotional disorders.
Building customer loyalty in online retailing: The role of relationship quality

Abstract This paper examines the challenge of building customer loyalty in the e-tailing environment. It examines the role of relationship quality (RQ) in the formation of customer loyalty in Internet retailing. In a departure from existing research, RQ is treated as a disaggregated, multidimensional construct, rather than a global one, consisting of relationship satisfaction (RS), trust, and commitment. Based on an online survey of 491 Internet grocery shoppers, structural equation modelling is used to test the influence of the different dimensions of RQ on e-loyalty. Results show that RS, perceived relational investment, and affective commitment have a strong and positive impact on e-loyalty. Trust also has a strong effect but works via RS. The results suggest that the disaggregated model of RQ provides a better prediction of e-loyalty than the aggregated model of RQ.
Pin1 Promotes Regulated Necrosis Induced by Glutamate in Rat Retinal Neurons via CAST/Calpain2 Pathway

The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) can interact with calpastatin (CAST) and regulate CAST/calpain2, under excessive glutamate conditions, and subsequently regulate necrosis in rat retinal neurons. Glutamate triggered CAST/calpain2-mediated necrosis regulation in primary cultured retinal neurons, as demonstrated by propidium iodide-staining and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Co-IP results and a computer simulation suggested that Pin1 could bind to CAST. Western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and phosphorylation analysis results demonstrated that CAST was regulated by Pin1, as proven by the application of juglone (i.e., a Pin1 specific inhibitor). The retinal ganglion cell 5 cell line, combined with siRNA approach and flow cytometry, was then used to verify the regulatory pathway of Pin1 in CAST/calpain2-modulated neuronal necrosis that was induced by glutamate. Finally, in vivo studies further confirmed the role of Pin1 in CAST/calpain2-modulated necrosis following glutamate excitation, in the rat retinal ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. In addition, a flash electroretinogram study provided evidence for the recovery of impaired visual function, which was induced by glutamate, with juglone treatment. Our work aims to investigate the involvement of the Pin1-CAST/calpain2 pathway in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Presence of simian virus 40 (SV40) is not frequent in Swedish malignant mesotheliomas.

UNLABELLED Simian virus 40 (SV40), a contaminant of polio vaccines used in the United States and Europe between 1955 and 1963, has been detected with high frequency in human malignant mesotheliomas (MM). In Sweden, from 1958, due to production in Javanese macaque kidney cells and SV40 testing from 1961, only polio vaccine claimed to be free of SV40 has been used. Hence, we aimed to screen Swedish MM patients for the presence of SV40. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one paraffin-embedded pleural MM samples, obtained from patients born from 1893-1958, were examined for amplifiable DNA. Testable samples were thereafter evaluated for the presence of SV40 DNA by two types of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) followed by sequencing. RESULTS SV40 could be confirmed by sequencing in only 3 of the 30 MM samples containing DNA that could be amplified by PCR. CONCLUSION The presence of SV40 is not frequent in Swedish MM patients.
Overlapping And Synchronization In The Song Of The Indris (Indri indri)

The interplay between synchronous and asynchronous displays in communicative interactions are based over sequential symmetry formations and symmetry breaks, which may involve postural, gestural, and vocal displays (Rotondo & Boker, 2002; Adger-Antonikowski, 2008). Thus, it has been hypothesized that the spatio-temporal structure of the formation and breaking of symmetry can be diagnostic of social and cognitive aspects of human dyadic In Indri indri, males and females within a social group emit loud, long distance calls in a coordinated manner. An indri may start emitting a vocal utterance before the end of another individual’s contribution, resulting in different degrees of overlap between individual songs. This study provides the first quantitative analysis of the individual overlap between indri males and females showing the adult pair members mainly overlap each other. The adult female song also has an effect on male singing in 35% of the cases, while the timing of a song unit could predict the occurrence of a unit sung by another group-member in only 10% of the other dyads (e.g. male-female or male-youngster). PUBLISHED AS / CITE THIS AS:
An study of Factors Affecting on Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers

On-line shopping is a recent phenomenon in the field of E-Business and is definitely going to be the future of shopping in the world. Most of the companies are running their on-line portals to sell their products/services on-line. Though online shopping is very common outside India, its growth in Indian Market, which is a large and strategic consumer market, is still not in line with the global market. The potential growth of on- line shopping has triggered the idea of conducting a study on on- line shopping in India. The present research paper has used Qualitative and Quantitative research methods to study the impact of Demographic factors of consumers on on-line shopping parameters like satisfaction with on-line shopping, future purchase intention, frequency of on-line shopping, numbers of items purchased, and overall spend on on-line shopping. The data was collected through Questionnaires. The results of study reveal that on-line shopping in India is significantly affected by various Demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, family size and income. The results of the study could be further used by the researchers and practitioners for conducting future studies in the similar area.
Effects of the Crack Tip Constraint on the Fracture Assessment of an Al 5083-O Weldment for Low Temperature Applications

The constraint effect is the key issue in structural integrity assessments based on two parameter fracture mechanics (TPFM) to make a precise prediction of the load-bearing capacity of cracked structural components. In this study, a constraint-based failure assessment diagram (FAD) was used to assess the fracture behavior of an Al 5083-O weldment with various flaws at cryogenic temperature. The results were compared with those of BS 7910 Option 1 FAD, in terms of the maximum allowable stress. A series of fracture toughness tests were conducted with compact tension (CT) specimens at room and cryogenic temperatures. The Q parameter for the Al 5083-O weldment was evaluated to quantify the constraint level, which is the difference between the actual stress, and the Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) stress field near the crack tip. Nonlinear 3D finite element analysis was carried out to calculate the Q parameter at cryogenic temperature. Based on the experimental and numerical results, the influence of the constraint level correction on the allowable applied stress was investigated using a FAD methodology. The results showed that the constraint-based FAD procedure is essential to avoid an overly conservative allowable stress prediction in an Al 5083-O weldment with flaws.
Addiction Research Ethics and the Belmont Principles: Do Drug Users Have a Different Moral Voice?

This study used semi-structured interviews and content analysis to examine moral principles that street drug users apply to three hypothetical addiction research ethical dilemmas. Participants (n = 90) were ethnically diverse, economically disadvantaged drug users recruited in New York City in . Participants applied a wide range of contextually sensitive moral precepts, including respect, beneficence, justice, relationality, professional obligations, rules, and pragmatic self-interest. Limitations and implications for future research and the responsible conduct of addiction research are discussed.
Cerebral metabolism of glucose-3-C14, pyruvate-1-C14 and lactate-1-C14 in mental disease.

A previous investigation indicated that less brain CO2 was derived from glucose in psychotic patients than in normal subjects and suggested pyruvate and/or lactate as the site(s) of dilution. In this report more direct determinations, using glucose-3-C14, pyruvate-1-C14, dl-lactate-1-C14, d-lactic-1-C14 and l-lactic-1-C14 acids as substrates, have corroborated the decreased cerebral oxidation of carbohydrate by chronic mental patients and indicated pyruvate as the metabolic level at which protein and/or lipid intermediate(s) caused increased dilution. After glucose-3-C14 injection 35% of brain CO2 was derived from glucose in the mental patient and 54% in the normal subject. With pyruvate-1-C14 initial values for brain C14O2 activities were lower in mental patients. Using dl-lactate-1-C14 over-all body metabolism was reduced in psychotics, whereas brain catabolism was similar to that of normal subjects. Cerebral oxidation of d-lactic-1-C14 acid was greater in mental patients although over-all body metabolism showed little difference from normal subjects. Using the l-isomer both body and brain catabolism were decreased in mental patients. Submitted on April 28, 1960
A Phenomenological Paradigm for Empirical Research in Psychiatry and Psychology: Open Questions

This article seeks to clarify the way in which phenomenology is conceptualized and applied in empirical research in psychiatry and psychology, emphasizing the suitability of qualitative research. It will address the “What,” “Why,” and “How” of phenomenological interviews, providing not only preliminary answers but also a critical analysis and pointing to future directions for research. The questions it asks are: First, what makes an interview phenomenological? What are phenomenological interviews used for in empirical research in psychiatry and psychology? Second, why do we carry out phenomenological interviews with patients? Is merely contrasting phenomenological hypotheses or concepts enough to do justice to the patients’ involvement? Third, how should we conduct phenomenological interviews with patients? How can we properly perform analysis in empirical phenomenological research in psychiatry and psychology? In its conclusion, the article attempts to go a step beyond these methodological questions, highlighting the “bigger picture”: namely, the phenomenological scientific paradigm and its core philosophical claim of reality as mind-dependent.
Evaluating the Impact of Simulation on Translational Patient Outcomes

Introduction: A long and rich research legacy shows that under the right conditions, simulation-based medical education (SBME) is a powerful intervention to increase medical learner competence. SBME translational science demonstrates that results achieved in the educational laboratory (T1) transfer to improved downstream patient care practices (T2) and improved patient and public health (T3). Method: This is a qualitative synthesis of SBME translational science research (TSR) that employs a critical review approach to literature aggregation. Results: Evidence from SBME and health services research programs that are thematic, sustained, and cumulative shows that measured outcomes can be achieved at T1, T2, and T3 levels. There is also evidence that SBME TSR can yield a favorable return on financial investment and contributes to long-term retention of acquired clinical skills. The review identifies best practices in SBME TSR, presents challenges and critical gaps in the field, and sets forth a TSR agenda for SBME. Conclusions: Rigorous SBME TSR can contribute to better patient care and improved patient safety. Consensus conference outcomes and recommendations should be presented and used judiciously.
Functional identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region of platelet-derived growth factor 2

Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is composed of two polypeptide chains, PDGF-1 and PDGF-2, the human homolog of the v-sis oncogene. Deregulation of PDGF-2 expression can confer a growth advantage to cells possessing the cognate receptor and, thus, may contribute to the malignant phenotype. We investigated the regulation of PDGF-2 mRNA expression during megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells. Induction by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) led to a greater than 200-fold increase in PDGF-2 transcript levels in these cells. Induction was dependent on protein synthesis and was not enhanced by cycloheximide exposure. In our initial investigation of the PDGF-2 promoter, a minimal promoter region, which included sequences extending only 42 base pairs upstream of the TATA signal, was found to be as efficient as 4 kilobase pairs upstream of the TATA signal in driving expression of a reporter gene in uninduced K562 cells. We also functionally identified different regulatory sequence elements of the PDGF-2 promoter in TPA-induced K562 cells. One region acted as a transcriptional silencer, while another region was necessary for maximal activity of the promoter in megakaryoblasts. This region was shown to bind nuclear factors and was the target for trans-activation in normal and tumor cells. In one tumor cell line, which expressed high PDGF-2 mRNA levels, the presence of the positive regulatory region resulted in a 30-fold increase in promoter activity. However, the ability of the minimal PDGF-2 promoter to drive reporter gene expression in uninduced K562 cells and normal fibroblasts, which contained no detectable PDGF-2 transcripts, implies the existence of other negative control mechanisms beyond the regulation of promoter activity.
Error Bounds for Approximate Policy Iteration

In Dynamic Programming, convergence of algorithms such as Value Iteration or Policy Iteration results -in discounted problems- from a contraction property of the back-up operator, guaranteeing convergence to its fixed-point. When approximation is considered, known results in Approximate Policy Iteration provide bounds on the closeness to optimality of the approximate value function obtained by successive policy improvement steps as a function of the maximum norm of value determination errors during policy evaluation steps. Unfortunately, such results have limited practical range since most function approximators (such as linear regression) select the best fit in a given class of parameterized functions by minimizing some (weighted) quadratic norm. In this paper, we provide error bounds for Approximate Policy Iteration using quadratic norms, and illustrate those results in the case of feature-based linear function approximation.
Electrical prototype model of pantograph-catenary system

The pantograph-catenary (PAC) system is one of the important interfaces between supply system and loco drive. The aim of this paper is to develop an electrical analogous of the mechanical model of PAC system. The response of the developed analogous electrical model and mechanical model are compared using simulink. Further, the hardware prototype of this electrical analogous of the PAC system is fabricated on a PCB using electric circuit elements and the response of hardware prototype and the developed electrical simulink model are compared. This model shall be useful in the designing and testing of PAC system.
Atomic layer deposition of tin oxide nanofilms using tetraethyltin

Due to variety of applications of tin oxide thin films such as solid state gas sensors, solar cells, transparent conductive oxide coatings, catalysts, and anodes for Li-ion batteries, it is desirable to develop convenient and high effective technique of atomic layer deposition for this material. In this paper we consider in details the prospects of using tetraethyltin to produce thin films of tin dioxide by atomic layer deposition. Water, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone and oxygen plasma were used as co-reactants for SnOx deposition. It was found that the type of co-reactant has a huge impact on the growth rate, composition and morphology of the films. Features of synthesis and prospects for use the films in lithium-ion batteries are considered.
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency-Associated Cervical Artery Dissection: Report of Three Cases

The pathogenesis of cervical artery dissection is poorly understood. Deficiency of the elastase inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin may represent a predisposing condition. Biochemical and genetic analyses in a series of 12 consecutive patients with spontaneous dissection of the neck vessels showed 3 cases associated to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, in combination with transient precipitating factors. A disequilibrium between proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors may contribute to the pathogenesis of cervical artery dissection leading to structural abnormalities of the extracellular matrix and increasing the susceptibility of the vessel wall to additional short-lived trigger mechanisms.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH OF MEDICAL STUDENTS:A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY USING GAD-7 AND PHQ-9 QUESTIONNAIRES

Aim: to evaluate anxiety and depression disorders among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study of medical students conducted in May 2020 with questionnaires regarding social and demographic status and GAD-7 for anxiety and PHQ-9 for depression questionnaires. Results: participated 340 (97.98%) students. Average GAD-7 score was 9.18 (M = 9.18; SD = 4.75); average PHQ-9 score was 12.72 (M = 12.72; SD = 6.62). Results indicate a positive significant relationship between GAD-7 and females, and social distancing affecting finances. Using cut-off score of 10 for GAD-7, 157 (46.17%) students were identified with moderated or severe symptoms of anxiety. For PHQ-9 score, using cut-off of 10, 219 (64.41%) students were identified with moderate or severe symptoms of depression; results indicate a positive significant relationship between PHQ-9 and females and between social distancing affecting finances. Conclusion: analysis demonstrated a higher prevalence of moderated and severe anxiety and depression symptoms among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic, significantly among women and on medical students relating financial impairment related to COVID-19 epidemic.