Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ODU Digital Commons ODU Digital Commons

Online and blended forms of learning has been increasingly common in K-12 settings, along with the technological advancement with always-on and connected devices. The study purports to understand teachers’ attitudes towards the middle school’s one-laptop-per-student (1:1) policy and students’ frequent use of always-on and connected technology, as well as their concerns about middle school students’ capabilities of using mobile devices and technologies in 1:1 environments. Using a transcendental phenomenological approach, data was obtained through semi-structured interviews, pre-and post-teacher open-ended surveys, along with classroom and lab observations. The study concluded that teachers typically embraced student use of school issued connected technology, as well as personal, connected mobile devices in a 1:1 environment. Meanwhile, teachers are cognizant of the potential drawbacks, implementing differing strategies to balance the use of such device for productive classroom learning and student engagement of personal non-course related activities. The pivotal role of teacher guidance is reiterated by teachers’ perceptions of students’ inability to engage in self-directed and self-motivated learning. The challenges reveal what middle school teachers’ may face when planning a curriculum and instruction for connected digital age learners.
Surface gravity wave transformation across a platform coral reef in the Red Sea

The transformation of surface gravity waves across a platform reef in the Red Sea is examined using 18 months of observations and a wave transformation model developed for beaches. The platform reef is 200 m across, 700 m long, and the water depth varies from 0.3 to 1.2 m. Assuming changes in wave energy flux are due to wave breaking and bottom drag dissipation, the wave transformation model with optimal parameters characterizing the wave breaking (γm = 0.25) and bottom drag (hydrodynamic roughness zo = 0.08 m) accounts for 75%–90% of the observed wave-height variance at four sites. The observations and model indicate that wave breaking dominates the dissipation in a 20–30 m wide surf zone while bottom drag dominates the dissipation over the rest of the reef. Friction factors (drag coefficients) estimated from the observed wave energy balance range from fw = 0.5 to fw = 5 and increase as wave-orbital displacements decrease. The observed dependence on wave-orbital displacement is roughly consistent with extrapolation of an empirical relationship based on numerous laboratory studies of oscillatory flow. As a consequence of the dependence on wave-orbital displacement, wave friction factors vary temporally due to changes in water depth and incident wave heights, and spatially across the reef as the waves decay.
Lower bounds for data structures with space close to maximum imply circuit lower bounds

: Let f : { 0 , 1 } n → { 0 , 1 } m be a function computable by a circuit with unbounded fan-in, arbitrary gates, w wires and depth d . With a very simple argument we show that the m -query problem corresponding to f has data structures with space s = n + r and time ( w / r ) d , for any r . As a consequence, in the setting where s is close to m a slight improvement on the state of existing data-structure lower bounds would solve long-standing problems in circuit complexity. We also use this connection to obtain a data structure for error-correcting codes which nearly matches the 2007 lower bound by Gál and Miltersen. This data structure can also be made dynamic. Finally we give a problem that requires at least 3 bit probes for m = n O ( 1 ) and even s = m / 2 − 1. Independent work by Dvir, Golovnev, and Weinstein (2018) and by Corrigan-Gibbs and Kogan (2018) give incomparable connections between data-structure and other types of lower bounds.
Zeta Series Generating Function Transformations Related to Generalized Stirling Numbers and Partial Sums of the Hurwitz Zeta Function

We define a generalized class of modified zeta series transformations generating the partial sums of the Hurwitz zeta function and series expansions of the Lerch transcendent function. The new transformation coefficients we define within the article satisfy expansions by generalized harmonic number sequences, or the partial sums of the Hurwitz zeta function, which are analogous to known properties for the Stirling numbers of the first kind and for the known transformation coefficients employed to enumerate variants of the polylogarithm function series. Applications of the new results we prove in the article include new series expansions of the Dirichlet beta function, the Legendre chi function, BBP-type series identities for special constants, alternating and exotic Euler sum variants, alternating zeta functions with powers of quadratic denominators, and particular series defining special cases of the Riemann zeta function constants at the positive integers $s \geq 3$.
Transmission characteristics of solo songs and duets in a neotropical thicket habitat specialist bird

The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis posits that habitat characteristics influence the structure of animal vocalizations and that animals will vocalize and display behaviours optimized for sound transmission. White-eared ground-sparrows Melozone leucotis live in habitats with dense vegetation where vocal communication is an ideal mode of communication for territory defence and mate attraction. On the basis of the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis, if solos and duets of these ground-sparrows are used in long-distance communication, we should expect that these vocalizations will exhibit structures that enhance sound transmission. We conducted a sound transmission experiment where we broadcast and re-recorded solo songs and duets to study their transmission properties. We used two speaker heights and two microphone heights to simulate different perch heights of signallers and receivers and four distances between the speakers and microphones to simulate variable distances of separation. We found that solo and duet songs show similar patterns of degradation and attenuation with distance and proximity to the ground. These results suggest that solo and duet songs facilitate communication with receivers at similar distances. The highest perches, for both signallers and receivers, maximized acoustic transmission. This is the first study that evaluates the transmission properties of songs and duets in birds, despite the fact that many bird species in tropical forests produce both types of vocalizations. To our surprise, we found that solo and duet songs degraded to below-detectable levels in less than a typical territory's diameter, suggesting that this species has not experienced strong selection for long-distance communication.
An elementary approach to dynamics and bifurcations of skew tent maps

In this paper, the dynamics of skew tent maps are classified in terms of two bifurcation parameters. In time series analysis such maps are usually referred to as continuous threshold autoregressive models (TAR(1)-models) after Tong (Non-Linear Time Series, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1990). This study contains results simplifying the use of TAR(1)-models considerably, e.g. if a periodic attractor exists it is unique. On the other hand, we also claim that care must be exercised when TAR models are used. In fact, they possess a very special type of dynamical pattern with respect to the bifurcation parameters and their transition to chaos is far from standard.
PERCEPTUAL -COGNITIVE EXPERTISE

In this chapter, we present the foundations of an e nactive approach to cognitive expertise. We first discuss the dichotomy between c lassical cognitive approaches to expertise and ecological approaches to motor behavi our. The limits of classical cognitive approaches are related to the empirical study of ex perts on very derived tasks based on the study of memory in laboratory and to the symbol s storing problem in continuous and uncertain environments. The limit of the ecological approach is related to the reduction of human complexity to the two-dimensional perceptionaction system. We propose an alternate framework in which basic cognitive functi ons such as categorization are taken into account in their links to visual search proces ses. We report some published experimental data which tend to show that visual pe rception embody higher-level demands. This shall involves redefining the role of c gnition as a teleological constraint for perceptive systems rather than as a mere enrich ment process of a poor stimulation, and redefining the ecology of perception as a multi form (i.e., biological, cognitive, physical) and demanding environment rather than as mere array of external light. Eric Laurent and Hubert Ripoll 2
The Comparison between Early Maladaptive Schemas in Major Depressive Disorder and the General Population

The aim of present study is to compare early maladaptive schemas in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and the general population. In this cross-sectional study, the available sampling is including 60 patients suffered from major depression initially diagnosed by a psychiatrist (using a structured interview), and began the medication to treat depression (outpatient). To collect and analyze data, Young early maladaptive schema tests and Beck Depression Inventory were used. The results show that considering (P <0/05), there is a significant difference between early maladaptive schemas of population with depression and the general population. Also, the lateral analysis reveals that in the field of cuts and exclusion schemas: release / instability, mistrust / abuse, emotional deprivation, defectiveness / shame, social isolation / alienation, in the field of autonomy and disordered function: dependence / incompetence, vulnerability to harm or illness, / not evolved, caught, failure, in areas of other directed Schema: the schema of obedience, among excessive vigilance and inhibition schemas, emotional inhibition schema shows a significant difference. According to the findings, the results show the difference between mean scores of subjects variables (early maladaptive schemas) in the level of (P
Innovation and Venture Capital Exits

This paper addresses the choice between different exit routes of venture capitalists for a project yielding a quality-improving product innovation. We explicitly introduce product market characteristics into the analysis with the aim to identify their effects on the optimal exit strategy and on the financial contract. Going public can be more profitable than a trade sale (i.e., selling the venture to an existing company) when the new product is sufficiently innovative. This leads to an agency conflict if the entrepreneur enjoys private benefits from staying an independent manager in the firm after the exit of the venture capitalist. The entrepreneur has incentives to distort the innovation strategy so as to make an IPO the preferred exit. We derive the optimal financing strategy under different allocations of control rights and market power. The use of an optimal mix of debt and equity can partially mitigate such a distortion. We also discuss empirical implications and offer partial empirical evidence.
Greek Meat Supply Response and Price Volatility in a Rational Expectations Framework: A Multivariate GARCH Approach

This paper examines supply response models in a rational expectations framework for each one of the four major Greek meat markets, i.e. beef, broiler, lamb and pork. A multivariate generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model with Cholesky decomposition is used to incorporate price volatility into the rational expectations supply response model for each meat category and as a result the conditional covariance matrix remains positive definite without imposing any restrictions on the parameters. The empirical results confirm the existence of rational behaviour by meat producers in the four examined markets and indicate that price volatility is a major risk factor in Greek meat production. Furthermore, the last Common Agricultural Policy reform is found to have a negative impact on beef and lamb production in Greece. , Oxford University Press.
Impact of Public Announcements on Stock Prices: the Example of Lithuanian Stock Market Considering Values of Stock Prices

The previous studies have shown that there is a relation between values of stock prices and the price changes caused by public announcements. Thus the aim of this paper is to examine if the respective relation can be observed in Lithuanian stock market and how it is affected by different categories of announcements. A simplified version of the event study methodology was used in this paper and the average absolute and abnormal returns were calculated. A negative correlation between the values of stock prices and the price changes caused by public announcements was observed; that is consistent with the previous studies.
Phytochemical, Antinutrient and Mineral Compositions of Leaf Extracts of Some Cassava Varieties

The Phytochemical, antinutrient and mineral compositions of four cassava leaf varieties (TME 419, TMS 92/0326, TMS 92B/0061 and NR8213) were investigated. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cynogenic glycosides and saponin were determined. Antinutrients such as tannins, oxalate, phytate and trypsin inhibitor and some mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Hg, Mn, Zn were also present. The results of the phytochemical composition showed that alkaloid values ranged from 26.03 to 38.33 mg/100g, flavonoid content ranged from 48.07 to 58.94mg/100g, saponin content ranged from 1.58 to 1.65mg/100g,cynogenic glycosides content ranged from 0.49 to 0.57mg/100g, and tannin content ranged from 0.45 to 0.71mg/100g. In the antinutrient composition, the results revealed that oxalate ranged from 29.32 to 35.77mg/100g, phytate ranged from 1.95 to 2.17mg/100g, cyanide ranged from 31.48 to 35.77mg/100g, and typsin inhibitor ranged from 0.48 to 0.72mg/100g. The mineral composition determined showed the presence of Ca (1.87-2.25mg/100g), Mg (0.61-0.82mg/100g), K (0.31-0.40mg/100g), Na (0.24- 0.28mg/100g), P (0.36-0.49mg/100g), Mn (10.11- 39.03mg/g), Zn (19.90 -38.90mg/100g, Fe (77.81-127mg/100g), Pb (0.01-0.6mg/g),Cu (0.43- 0.76mg/100g and trace amount of Hg. These results suggest that leaves from these cassava varieties can be regarded as safe and nutritious for human and animal nutrition especially in areas experiencing food security challenges.
How Lending Officers Construe Assessments of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Loan Applications: A Repertory Grid Study

Repertory grid technique and principal component analysis were used to map and analyze how 75 lending officers (LOs) viewed their assessments of small and medium-sized enterprises’ loan applications in one bank and region. A standard set of elements and constructs, derived during pre- and pilot studies, was used. Analysis of individual grids demonstrated that the principal components indicated the existence of similarities in LOs’ construing at an aggregated level. Analysis of the mean grid of all respondents indicated that the LOs were encouraged by the bank's lending strategy and supporting system(s) to perform “procedural lending” with a focus on hard and future-oriented information. At the same time, the LOs deemphasized relationship lending, in particular, personal relationships.
Design and simulation of a snapshot multifocal interferometric microscope

Realizing both high temporal and spatial resolution across a large volume is a key challenge for 3D fluorescent imaging. Towards achieving this objective, we introduce an interferometric multifocus microscopy (iMFM) system, a combination of multifocus microscopy (MFM) with two opposing objective lenses. We show that the proposed iMFM is capable of simultaneously producing multiple focal plane interferometry that provides axial superresolution and hence isotropic 3D resolution with a single exposure. We design and simulate the iMFM microscope by employing two special diffractive optical elements. The point spread function of this new iMFM microscope is simulated and the image formation model is given. For reconstruction, we use the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm with total variation regularization for 3D extended object recovery, and a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for single molecule tracking. A method for determining an initial axial position of the molecule is also proposed to improve the convergence of the MLE. We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically that isotropic 3D nanoscopic localization accuracy is achievable with an axial imaging range of 2um when tracking a fluorescent molecule in three dimensions and that the diffraction limited axial resolution can be improved by 3-4 times in the single shot wide-field 3D extended object recovery. We believe that iMFM will be a useful tool in 3D dynamic event imaging that requires both high temporal and spatial resolution. © 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Drawback of loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was a novel nucleic acid amplification method that amplified DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions using a set of four specially designed primers and a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity. In our research, LAMP was developed to detect foodborn Salmonella in raw milk, a set of six primers, two outer, two inner and two loop primers, were designed from Salmonella genomic DNA targeting invA. Temperature condition for detection of Salmonella was optimized to be 61°C. At the same time, LAMP was found to be effective when the template was pure; however, the usefulness of LAMP methods can be limited by the presence of inhibitors in the analysis of raw milk, unlike all the reports about LAMP, the sensitivity of LAMP was lower than that of PCR methods. Key words: Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification, LAMP, foodborn Salmonella, raw milk, sensitivity.
Preconditioning a coupled model for reactive transport in porous media

We study numerical methods for solving reactive transport problems in porous media that allow a separation of transport and chemistry at the software level, while keeping a tight numerical coupling between both subsystems. After recalling how each individual subsystem can be solved, we give a formulation that eliminates the local chemical concentrations, and keeps the total concentrations as unknowns. The block structure of the model is exploited both at the nonlinear level, by eliminating some unknowns, and at the linear level by using block Gauss-Seidel or block Jacobi preconditioning. The methods are applied to the easy 1D case of the MoMaS benchmark.
A STANDARD TEST CASE SUITE FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR TRANSPORT ON THE SPHERE: RESULTS FROM A COLLECTION OF STATE-OF-THE-ART SCHEMES

Abstract. Recently, a standard test case suite for 2-D linear transport on the sphere was proposed to assess important aspects of accuracy in geophysical fluid dynamics with a "minimal" set of idealized model configurations/runs/diagnostics. Here we present results from 19 state-of-the-art transport scheme formulations based on finite-difference/finite-volume methods as well as emerging (in the context of atmospheric/oceanographic sciences) Galerkin methods. Discretization grids range from traditional regular latitude–longitude grids to more isotropic domain discretizations such as icosahedral and cubed-sphere tessellations of the sphere. The schemes are evaluated using a wide range of diagnostics in idealized flow environments. Accuracy is assessed in single- and two-tracer configurations using conventional error norms as well as novel diagnostics designed for climate and climate–chemistry applications. In addition, algorithmic considerations that may be important for computational efficiency are reported on. The latter is inevitably computing platform dependent. The ensemble of results from a wide variety of schemes presented here helps shed light on the ability of the test case suite diagnostics and flow settings to discriminate between algorithms and provide insights into accuracy in the context of global atmospheric/ocean modeling. A library of benchmark results is provided to facilitate scheme intercomparison and model development. Simple software and data sets are made available to facilitate the process of model evaluation and scheme intercomparison.
Deep Correlation Structure Preserved Label Space Embedding for Multi-label Classification

Label embedding is an effective and efficient method which can jointly extract the information of all labels for better performance of multi-label classification. However, most existing embedding methods ignore information of feature space or intrinsic structure of previous label space, such that their learned latent space will not have strong predictability and discriminant ability. We propose a novel deep neural network (DNN) based model, namely Deep Correlation Structure Preserved Label Space Embedding (DCSPE). Specifically, DCSPE derives a deep latent space by performing feature-aware label space embedding with deep canonical correlation analysis (DCCA) and preserving the intrinsic structure of the previous label space with proposed deep multidimensional scaling (DMDS). Our DCSPE is achieved by integrating the DNN architectures of the two DNN based models and can learn a feature-aware structure preserved deep latent space. Furthermore, extensive experimental results on datasets with many labels demonstrate that our proposed approach is significantly better than the existing label embedding algorithms.
Pseudo-Backstepping and Its Application to the Control of Korteweg-de Vries Equation from the Right Endpoint on a Finite Domain

In this paper, we design Dirichlet-Neumann boundary feedback controllers for the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation which act at the right endpoint of the domain. Controlling the KdV equation from the right endpoint of the domain is a mathematically more challenging problem than its left endpoint counterpart from the point of constructing backstepping controllers. The standard application of the backstepping method fails because corresponding kernel models become overdetermined. In order to deal with this difficulty we introduce the pseudo-backstepping method which uses a pseudo-kernel that satisfies all but one desirable boundary condition. Moreover, various norms of the pseudo-kernel can be controlled through a parameter in one of its boundary conditions. We are able to prove that the boundary controllers constructed via this pseudo-kernel still exponentially stabilize the system with the cost of a low exponential rate of decay. At the end of the paper, we give numerical simulations to illustrate our main result.