Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Complete Terrestrial Radiocarbon Record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P.

Dating Carbon Radiocarbon dating is the best way to determine the age of samples that contain carbon and that are younger than ∼50,000 years, the limit of precision for the method. There are several factors that complicate such age determinations, however, some of the most important of which include variability of the 14C production in the atmosphere (which affects organic samples whose radiocarbon inventories are derived from atmospheric CO2), surface ocean reservoir effects (which affect marine samples that acquire their radiocarbon signatures from seawater), and variable dead carbon fraction effects (which affect speleothems that derive their carbon from groundwaters). Bronk Ramsey et al. (p. 370; see the Perspective by Reimer) avoid the need to make such assumptions, reporting the 14C results of sediments from Lake Suigetsu, Japan. Analysis of terrestrial plant macrofossils in annually layered datable sediments yielded a direct record of atmospheric radiocarbon for the entire measurable interval up to 52.8 thousand years ago. Radiocarbon measurements of samples from Lake Suigetsu, Japan, extend the 14C time scale back to more than 50,000 years ago. Radiocarbon (14C) provides a way to date material that contains carbon with an age up to ~50,000 years and is also an important tracer of the global carbon cycle. However, the lack of a comprehensive record reflecting atmospheric 14C prior to 12.5 thousand years before the present (kyr B.P.) has limited the application of radiocarbon dating of samples from the Last Glacial period. Here, we report 14C results from Lake Suigetsu, Japan (35°35′N, 135°53′E), which provide a comprehensive record of terrestrial radiocarbon to the present limit of the 14C method. The time scale we present in this work allows direct comparison of Lake Suigetsu paleoclimatic data with other terrestrial climatic records and gives information on the connection between global atmospheric and regional marine radiocarbon levels.
NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons in the auditory cortex of young and old rats

Age-related changes in NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were examined in the auditory cortex of young (3 months old) and very old (36 months old) rats (strain Long Evans). In very old rats a significant reduction was found in the thickness of the auditory cortex, to 54% of that in young animals, as well as changes in the shape and configuration of nerve cell bodies and dendrites. Quantitative analysis demonstrated an age-related increase in the number of dendritic segments and dendritic branching points. The length of dendrites in NADPH-d-positive neurons and their density increased in very old rats. The total number of NADPH-d-positive neurons within the Te 1 and Te 3 fields was 13% lower in the old rats than in the young.
A Comparison Study of Some Configurations of the Uninorm Morphological Edge Detector

In this paper, we study the performance of the edge detector from the fuzzy mathematical morphology based on conjunctive uninorms. Several different pairs of uninorm and fuzzy implication (configurations) are considered in the fuzzy morphological gradient. The results are compared using an objective edge detection performance measure, the so-called Pratt’s figure of merit. To reinforce the analysis a K-means clustering algorithm has been applied to study the relation between the configurations and to determine which uninorm and implication have to be chosen to obtain an optimal edge detector. According to the analysis of the obtained results, the idempotent uninorm obtained using the classical negation, and its residual implication is the best configuration in this framework.
Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Three Macroalgae: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcata

Proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid and ash content) and nutritional value (fatty acid, amino acid and mineral profile) of three macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcate) were studied. Chemical composition was significantly (p < 0.001) different among the three seaweeds. In this regard, the B. bifurcata presented the highest fat content (6.54% of dry matter); whereas, F. vesiculosus showed the highest protein level (12.99% dry matter). Regarding fatty acid content, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were the most abundant followed by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). On the other hand, the three seaweeds are a rich source of K (from 3781.35 to 9316.28 mg/100 g), Mn (from 8.28 to 1.96 mg/100 g), Na (from 1836.82 to 4575.71 mg/100 g) and Ca (from 984.73 to 1160.27 mg/100 g). Finally, the most abundant amino acid was glutamic acid (1874.47–1504.53 mg/100 dry matter), followed by aspartic acid (1677.01–800.84 mg/100 g dry matter) and alanine (985.40–655.73 mg/100 g dry matter).
Perinatal outcomes in severe preeclamptic women between 24-33(+6) weeks' gestation.

OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to determine perinatal and maternal outcomes in severe preeclamptic women between 24-33-week gestation and compare the outcomes between expectant and aggressive management. MATERIAL AND METHOD A retrospective descriptive study of 99 women with severe preeclampsia between 24-33(+6)-week gestation who delivered at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from January 2002 to December 2005 was included. The outcomes were analyzed according to the gestational age at the time of admission (< 28 weeks' and > or = 28 weeks' gestation) according to expectant compared with aggressive management. Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test and chi2-test. RESULTS The perinatal morbidity and mortality were significantly high in the gestational age < 28 weeks group. There were 11 perinatal deaths, 8 in those managed at < 28 weeks and 3 in those managed at 28-29 weeks' gestation (p < 0.05). Maternal morbidities were similar among both groups. There was no maternal death. CONCLUSION Delivery at remote from term, especially < 2-week gestation, increases neonatal morbidity and mortality in severe preeclamptic women. Expectant management should be done in the tertiary care center with close maternal and fetal monitering.
Rate of and Risk Factors for Reoperations After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures: A Population-Based Study in Ontario, Canada.

BACKGROUND Reoperation rates following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of midshaft clavicle fractures have been described, but reported rates of nonunion, malunion, infection, and implant removal have varied. We sought to establish baseline rates of, and risk factors for, reoperations following clavicle ORIF in a large population cohort. METHODS Administrative databases were used to identify patients sixteen to sixty years of age who had undergone an ORIF of a closed, midshaft clavicle fracture from April 2002 to April 2010. The primary outcome was a reoperation within two years (isolated implant removal, irrigation and debridement [deep infection], pseudarthrosis reconstruction [nonunion], or clavicle osteotomy [malunion]). The secondary outcome was rare perioperative complications, including pneumothorax, subclavian vasculature injury, and brachial plexus injury. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of patient and provider factors on these outcomes. RESULTS We identified 1350 patients who underwent midshaft clavicle ORIF (median age, thirty-two years [interquartile range, twenty-one to forty-four years]; 81.3% male). One in four patients (24.6%) underwent at least one clavicle reoperation. The most common procedure was isolated implant removal (18.8%), and females were at highest risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; p = 0.002). The median time to implant removal was twelve months. A reoperation secondary to nonunion, deep infection, and malunion occurred in 2.6%, 2.6%, and 1.1% of the patients after a median of six, five, and fourteen months, respectively. Risk factors for clavicle nonunion included female sex (OR, 2.2; p = 0.04) and a high comorbidity score (OR, 2.8; p = 0.009). For surgeons, fewer years in practice was associated with a small risk of the patient developing an infection (OR, 1.1; p < 0.001). Sixteen pneumothoraces (1.2%) were identified; however, brachial plexus and subclavian vessel injuries were each found in five or fewer patients. CONCLUSIONS Following clavicle ORIF, one in four patients underwent a reoperation. The most common procedure was implant removal, and although the rates of reoperations secondary to nonunion, malunion, and infection were low they were higher than previously reported. Pneumothoraces and neurovascular injuries were infrequent and should continue to be considered rare complications of clavicle ORIF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MRI signal hyperintensities in geriatric depression.

OBJECTIVE The authors rated periventricular and subcortical signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in elderly patients with depression and in normal subjects with similar demographic features to examine whether such changes discriminate patients with depression from normal subjects and whether they are associated with any clinical variables. METHOD Two established hyperintensity rating systems were used to compare the MRI brain scans of 48 elderly patients with depression diagnosed according to DSM-III-R with the scans of 39 normal elderly subjects. RESULTS Elderly depressed patients manifested significantly more severe hyperintensity ratings in the subcortical gray matter than age-matched comparison subjects. Significant differences were not identified between patients with similar current ages and cerebrovascular disease risk who had early-onset or late-onset depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings support those of neuroimaging studies implicating the basal ganglia in depression and geriatric depression. The data suggest that the relationship observed in some reports between late-onset depression and MRI hyperintensities is most likely a function of cerebrovascular disease risk and age.
Effect of Copper Sulphate on Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Activity in Freshwater Fish Ariopsis seemanni.

The heavy metals like Copper, Cadmium etc., act as environmental pollutant and they result in adverse effect on the all the life forms. Many physically and enzymatically changes occurring in the living system. Aspartate aminotransferase and Alanine aminotransferase act as bio-indicators for the environmental toxicants level and tissue damage in many living forms. Quantitative estimation of the AST and ALT activity in liver, gills and muscles tissues of catfish Ariopsis semmani when exposed to different concentrations of copper sulphate (2ppm, 4ppm and 6ppm) was estimated on 5 th , 10 th and 15
sall4 acts downstream of tbx5 and is required for pectoral fin outgrowth

Okihiro syndrome (OS) is defined by forelimb defects associated with the eye disorder Duane anomaly and results from mutations in the gene SALL4. Forelimb defects in individuals with OS range from subtle thumb abnormalities to truncated limbs. Mutations in the T-box transcription factor TBX5 cause Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), which results in forelimb and heart defects. Although mutations in TBX5 result in HOS, it has been predicted that these mutations account for only ∼30% of all individuals with HOS. Individuals with OS and HOS limb defects are very similar, in fact, individuals with mutations in SALL4 have in some cases previously been diagnosed with HOS. Using zebrafish as a model, we have investigated the function of sall4 and the relationship between sall4 and tbx5, during forelimb development. We demonstrate that sall4 and a related gene sall1 act downstream of tbx5 and are required for pectoral fin development. Our studies of Sall gene family redundancy and tbx5 offer explanations for the similarity of individuals with OS and HOS limb defects.
Soil characteristics more strongly influence soil bacterial communities than land-use type.

To gain insight into the factors driving the structure of bacterial communities in soil, we applied real-time PCR, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoreses, and phylogenetic microarray approaches targeting the 16S rRNA gene across a range of different land usages in the Netherlands. We observed that the main differences in the bacterial communities were not related to land-use type, but rather to soil factors. An exception was the bacterial community of pine forest soils (PFS), which was clearly different from all other sites. PFS had lowest bacterial abundance, lowest numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), lowest soil pH, and highest C : N ratios. C : N ratio strongly influenced bacterial community structure and was the main factor separating PFS from other fields. For the sites other than PFS, phosphate was the most important factor explaining the differences in bacterial communities across fields. Firmicutes were the most dominant group in almost all fields, except in PFS and deciduous forest soils (DFS). In PFS, Alphaproteobacteria was most represented, while in DFS, Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria were both highly represented. Interestingly, Bacillii and Clostridium OTUs correlated with pH and phosphate, which might explain their high abundance across many of the Dutch soils. Numerous bacterial groups were highly correlated with specific soil factors, suggesting that they might be useful as indicators of soil status.
Topography of cortical projections to the dorsolateral neostriatum in rats: Multiple overlapping sensorimotor pathways

In rodents, the whisker representation in primary somatosensory (SI) cortex projects to the dorsolateral neostriatum, but the location of these projections has never been characterized with respect to layer IV barrels and their intervening septa. To address this issue, we injected a retrograde tracer into the dorsolateral neostriatum and then reconstructed the location of the labeled corticostriatal neurons with respect to the cytochrome oxidase (CO)‐labeled barrels in SI. When the tracer was restricted to a small focal site in the neostriatum, the retrogradely labeled neurons formed elongated strips that were parallel to the curvilinear orientation of layer IV barrel rows. After larger tracer injections, labeled neurons were distributed uniformly across layer V and were aligned with both the barrel and septal compartments. Labeled projections from the contralateral SI barrel cortex, however, were much fewer in number and were disproportionately associated with the septal compartments. A comparison of the labeling patterns in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres revealed symmetric, mirror‐image distributions that extended across primary motor cortex (MI) and multiple somatosensory cortical regions, including the secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex, the parietal ventral (PV) and parietal rhinal (PR) areas, and the posteromedial (PM) region. Examination of the thalamus revealed labeled neurons in the intralaminar nuclei, in the medial part of the posterior nucleus (POm), and in the ventrobasal complex. These results indicate that the dorsolateral neostriatum integrates sensorimotor information from multiple sensorimotor representations in the thalamus and cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:33–48, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polygraph in Civil Commitment Programs for Sexually Violent Predators Polygraph in Civil Commitment Programs for Sexually Violent Predators

This paper is a description of the use of polygraph in the civil commitment setting. Similarities and differences are described between post-conviction polygraph supervision of sex offenders in the community and the use of the polygraph in civil commitment settings. Discussion includes attention to complexities involving examinee suitability, testing the limits of admitted behavior, clinical applications and risk assessment implications of the use of the polygraph, as well as the need for continued research to support the development of evidence-based practices in the use of the polygraph in civil commitment programs.
Is Reaching Eye-Centered, Body-Centered, Hand-Centered, or a Combination?

There are currently three main views on the neural basis of visually guided reaching: 1) neurons in the superior parietal lobe guide arm movements in a spatial framework that is centered on the body; 2) neurons in the intraparietal sulcus guide arm movements in a spatial framework that is centered on the eye; 3) neurons in the caudal part of premotor cortex guide arm movements in a spatial framework that is centered on the arm and hand. The three viewpoints are mutually compatible and may fit into a larger pattern. Eye-centered representations of target position, and body-centered representations of arm and hand position, may be integrated to form a hand-centered representation close to the output stage in caudal premotor and primary motor cortex.
Scaling the Hierarchy: How and Why Investment Banks Compete for Syndicate Co-Management Appointments

We show that relatively optimistic research and even the mere provision of research coverage for the issuer (regardless of its direction) attract co-management appointments for securities offerings. Co-management appointments are valuable because they help banks establish relationships with issuers. These relationships, in turn, substantially increase the banks' chances of winning more lucrative lead-management mandates in the future. This is true even in the presence of historically exclusive banking relationships. The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
Volatile Organic Components of Fresh Leaves as Indicators of Indigenous and Cultivated Citrus Species in Taiwan

The volatile components of fresh leaves from 15 citrus species were investigated by headspace SPME with a GC-MS analysis. Three indigenous Taiwan citrus species, Citrus taiwanica, C. tachibana and C. depressa, were the major subjects. Eighty volatile organic compounds were detected as indicators of the genetic relationship. Linalool was the most abundant compound, and citronellal, geranial, neral, limonene and trans-β-ocimene were the major volatile compounds in fresh leaves. Linalool (56.37%) and myrcene (7.21%) were predominant in C. tawanica. An aldehyde-rich profile with citronellal (24.54%) contributed most to the aroma of leaves in C. tachibana, while Citrus depressa exhibited a high linalool/citronellal composition (23.56%/12.51%). The qualitative and quantitative patterns of the volatiles revealed that C. taiwanica was linked with sour orange, and either C. tachibana or C. depressa belonged to the mandarin group with C. tankan. Dendrograms also showed that the volatile patterns were related to the genetic classification.
Significance of HER2 and C‐MYC oncogene amplifications in breast cancer in atomic bomb survivors

It has been postulated that radiation induces breast cancers in atomic bomb (A‐bomb) survivors. Oncogene amplification is an important mechanism during breast carcinogenesis and also serves as an indicator of genomic instability (GIN). The objective of this study was to clarify the association of oncogene amplification in breast cancer in A‐bomb survivors with radiation exposure.
Prenatal diagnosis of echogenic lung: evolution and outcome

Despite the feasibility of detecting lung lesions by antenatal ultrasound, there are problems in correlating the prenatal diagnosis with the final histology and in predicting the outcome. In order to better describe these factors, we reviewed the outcome of fetuses that had been diagnosed with echogenic lung in a referral fetal medicine unit.
Reflection from a water waves from a vertical vortex sheet in water of finite depth

Abstract The reflection-transmission properties of water waves obliquely incident upon a vortex sheet in water of finite depth are studied. The problem is reduced to that of solving two integral equation. An accurate Galerkin solution is obtained which supports the use of the “variational method” in water wave problems that has recently been questioned by Kirby and Dalyrmple.
A Modular Software Haptic Interface for Teleoperated Nanomanipulation and AFM Probe Based Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a design approach, implementation and application of a software interface for operating haptic devices. The proposed interface is modular in nature and allows for the operation of independently developed encapsulated software modules coupled only via a directly accessed and mutually shared memory space. This allows for easy integration/addition or exchange of different types of haptic device software modules without the need of substantial time investments or extensive modification of the existing code. The paper demonstrates a realized concrete software interface design, implemented and tested with a nanohandling station for the characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The paper describes the implemented software features and principle of operation of the interface as well as the experimental setup of the nanohandling station and results towards CNT characterization
Feed-Forward Scheme for an Electrolytic Capacitor-Less AC/DC LED Driver to Reduce Output Current Ripple

In order to achieve high-efficiency, high-power-factor, high-reliability, and low-cost, a flicker-free electrolytic capacitor-less single-phase ac/dc light emitting diode (LED) driver is investigated in this paper. This driver is composed of a power-factor-correction (PFC) converter and a bidirectional converter. The bidirectional converter is used to absorb the second harmonic component in the output current of the PFC converter, thus producing a pure dc output to drive the LEDs. The spectrum of the output capacitor voltage of the bidirectional converter is analyzed, indicating that the output capacitor voltage contains harmonic components at multiples of twice the line frequency apart from the dc component and second harmonic component. A feed-forward control scheme with a series of calculation operation is proposed to obtain the desired modulation signal, which contains the corresponding harmonic components, to ensure the bidirectional converter fully absorb the second harmonic current in the output of the PFC converter. Finally, a 33.6 W prototype is fabricated and tested in the lab, and the experiment results show that the proposed control scheme greatly reduces the ripple of the LED driving current.