Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ambiguïtés de la société de l’information et ambivalences de la société civile : le révélateur SMSI

Depuis plusieurs annees, les discours critiques sur la notion de societe de l’information – cette « appellation non controlee », pour reprendre l’expression d’Armand Mattelart (2000a) – ne manquent pas. Ils pointent ses ambiguites et ses presupposes ideologiques, et tentent de deconstruire les representations du monde imposees par ses promoteurs. En 2005, deux ouvrages collectifs ont notamment ete publies sous forme de glossaires critiques des notions principales vehiculees a travers le vocable de « societe de l’information ». L’un se veut plus institutionnel (Commission nationale francaise pour l’UNESCO, 2005), l’autre temoigne plutot de l’experience empirique de la plupart de ses auteurs (Ambrosi et al., 2005). Si le premier se donne prudemment comme objectif de « montrer combien est complexe l’espace dans lequel le debat se deploie aujourd’hui et de contribuer a en devoiler certains aspects meconnus » (p. 10), le second affiche plus volontiers et assume son parti pris ideologique. Malgre une posture critique revendiquee dans les deux cas, les deux ouvrages se presentent neanmoins comme accompagnant les discussions du Sommet mondial sur la societe de l’information (SMSI), et ont ete publies a l’occasion du Sommet de Tunis en novembre 2005. L’antienne revet en effet suffisamment d’enjeux politiques sur le terrain pour qu’un Sommet des Nations Unies lui ait ete consacre. En nous appuyant sur des observations que nous avons conduites pendant plus de trois ans, duree des travaux du SMSI (de juillet 2002 a novembre 2005), nous montrerons combien le Sommet a ete le reflet des confusions et paradoxes vehicules par le vocable « societe de l’information ». Nous tenterons egalement d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives, ou plutot de susciter de nouvelles interrogations, non pas sur la « societe de l’information » en tant que telle, mais sur l’une des consequences importantes du SMSI, qui se traduit par la delegitimation des acteurs sociaux organises ne trouvant plus leur place dans ce cadre.
Automated Latex Agglutination and ELISA Testing Yield Equivalent D-Dimer Results in Patients with Recent Myocardial Infarction

Summary Our previous prospective study of post-infarction patients described a strong and significant association of increased plasma D-dimer concentrations in those who experienced a subsequent coronary death or non-fatal myocardial infarction. In the present study, we compare results on stored plasma obtained two months after the index myocardial infarction from 1,038 patients of this trial, using a simple automated latex agglutination (LA) assay in parallel with the standard ELISA test. Results show a somewhat higher mean value for the LA assay (702 ± 1092 vs. 638 ± 986 ng/ml, p = 0.0002), a strong linear correlation of the two assays (r = 0.86) and 88% agreement for values below 500 ng/ml by the ELISA test. D-dimer concentrations determined by each assay were highly correlated in patients with subsequent coronary artery events (p = 0.93) and quartile values for both the LA and ELISA were equally predictive of such events (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). This is the first demonstration that a latex agglutination assay for D-dimer can be used to assess the prognostic risk of recurrent coronary thrombotic disease after myocardial infarction
Pricing to Market When Quality Matters

We build a model of price differentiation with firm heterogeneity, which allows for imperfect competition and market segmentation in the presence of flexible exchange rates as well as horizontal and vertical differentiation and different tastes of consumers in destination markets. We empirically assess the main predictions of our theoretical framework by using firm-level data surveyed by ISAE. We document that export-domestic price margins are significantly affected by price and quality competitiveness even controlling for foreign demand conditions, size, export intensity, destination markets and unobservables. Finally, we provide evidence of a strong heterogeneity across firms in their reaction to price and quality competitiveness.
Effects of Cr Diffusion on  $RRR$ Values of Cr-Plated Nb $_{3}$Sn Strands Fabricated by Internal-Tin Process

Nb3Sn strands which will be used for the ITER TF coils should be chrome plated thickness of 1.8 mum to reduce AC loss and improve the thermal stability of cable. During heat treatment, the RRR value can be affected by Cr diffusion. In this work, the effect of Cr diffusion was systematically studied, using the KSTAR and ITER candidate strands. For the KSTAR strand, the Cu/non-Cu ratio was systematically varied from 1.53 to 0.69 by chemical etching whereas the samples were heat treated by the same schedule. For the ITER candidate strand, on the other hand, the Cu/non-Cu ratio was fixed to the specification value of 1.0, and the variation of the RRR value was studied with respect to the heat treatment schedule, especially the retention time of the 650degC plateau was varied from 100 to 200 hours. It was also compared with the Cr diffusion distance obtained from EPMA (electron probe microanalysis). We found that the RRR value of the ITER candidate strand becomes lower than the ITER requirement of 100, if the heat treatment at 650degC is longer than 200 hours. The RRR can be reached up to 161 when the duration of 650degC plateau is reduced to 100 hours, while satisfying all other ITER requirements including the critical current density.
Heat stress-induced hepatotoxicity and its prevention by resveratrol in rats

The high ambient temperature beyond the range of comfort zone or thermoneutral zone causes environmental heat stress (HST). It causes serious physiological dysfunction that may result in heat-related diseases and even death. The underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of hepatic dysfunction following hyperthermic challenge and the possible involvement of oxidative stress to induce oxidative deterioration of liver functions in adult rats are investigated in this study. Cellular damage was assessed in terms of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and histology of liver. The effect of hyperthermia in altering the oxidative stress was evaluated on the basis of its influence on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The current study demonstrated that HST is associated with a complex set of integrated alterations in liver, time-dependent rise in oxidative stress followed by distinct pattern of liver injury in animals. Heat-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased lipid peroxidation, depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, GPx and tissue damages revealed by hepatic vacuolization, and widespread necrosis. The study also revealed that pretreatment with resveratrol resulted in normalizing these parameters appreciably, emphasizing the therapeutic potentials of this polyphenol. Taken together, the results suggest that an increase in free radical formation relative to loss of the antioxidant defense system during heat stress may render liver more susceptible to oxidative damage, leading to their functional inactivation. However, resveratrol supplementation can be an effective antidote in the treatment of HST-induced malfunction.
The influence of parents’ marital quality on adult children’s attitudes toward marriage and its alternatives: Main and moderating effects

Drawing on a panel study of parents and children, we investigate linkages between parents’ marital quality and adult children’s attitudes toward a range of family issues, including premarital sex, cohabitation, lifelong singlehood, and divorce. We hypothesize that parents’ marital quality will be negatively related to children’s support for these behaviors in adulthood and that parents’ marital quality will condition the intergenerational transmission of attitudes toward these issues. We find some evidence that parents’ marital quality influences children’s support for divorce and premarital sex. More important, our analyses show that parents’ marital quality facilitates the intergenerational transmission of attitudes. Parents’ attitudes toward premarital sex, cohabitation, and being single are more strongly linked to those same attitudes among their young adult children when parents’ marital quality is high than when it is low.
Ansa cervicalis as a variant of spinal accessory nerve plexus: A case report

The ansa cervicalis is a neural loop in the neck formed by the union of two main nerve roots, namely superior and inferior roots, derived from ventral rami of the cervical nerves. With the expanding use of the ansa cervicalis for reinnervation procedures and the fact that it is located in the vicinity of major nerves and vessels of the neck, knowledge of the topography and morphology of this loop is quite necessary in the modern era. Any variation in the course, contributing roots or branching pattern of the ansa cervicalis, potentially alters and perhaps complicates the course of the procedures involving this nerve such as neurorrhaphy, skull base surgery, neck dissection, and anterior cervical spinal approach. Here, we present an unusual case of an ansa cervicalis encountered upon routine dissection of an adult male cadaver. In this case, the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis was formed by the joining of two rootlets, one originating from spinal accessory nerve and the other from a branch of the cervical plexus to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The fibers traversing the branch of spinal accessory nerve were derived from the first segments of the cervical spinal cord. This case demonstrates a variant of the spinal accessory nerve plexus that contributed to the formation of the ansa cervicalis. Review of the literature was performed to reveal the possible clinical aspects of this anatomical variation. Clin. Anat. 19:540–543, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The replacement correction factors for cylindrical chambers in high-energy photon beams

The values of the replacement correction factors (Prepl, or in the IAEA's notation pdispcav) used for cylindrical chambers in high-energy photon beams represent one of the most significant differences between the AAPM and the IAEA dosimetry protocols. In a previous study (Wang L L W and Rogers D W O 2008 Med. Phys. 35 1747–55), we found that the AAPM protocol adopted incorrect values of Prepl for cylindrical chambers in photon beams. For a 60Co beam, the calculated Prepl value is 0.5% higher than the AAPM value and about 1% higher than the IAEA value. It was still not clear why the IAEA values, which are based on measurements by Johansson et al, are incorrect. In this study, EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation codes are used to simulate Johansson et al's experimental procedures for determining Prepl values. The simulation results agree well with the measurements if the chamber responses versus depth are normalized at dmax as was apparently done in the experiments as it was believed that the chambers of different radii gave the same maximum reading at the respective dmax. However, if the chamber responses are not normalized, then the simulated experimental results lead to a result which agrees well with the Prepl values calculated by the standard Monte Carlo methods. This demonstrates that the normalization procedure used in the experiments is incorrect as is based on an incorrect assumption, and thus the interpretation of Johansson et al's experimental values as Prepl (pdis) in the IAEA TRS-398 Code of Practice is wrong. The values of Prepl for cylindrical chambers of different radii in various high-energy photon beams are calculated and an empirical formula is given.
Placental Morphology in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Aims Maternal alcohol drinking adversely affects pregnancy outcome. Although fetal health and development are highly dependent upon the integrity of placentation, little is known about placental morphology following gestational exposure to alcohol in humans. Methods In this clinical study, subjects were recruited between 2010 and 2013 from an outpatient substance abuse and mental health treatment center for women. Data collected included maternal age, substance abuse history, comorbidities, pregnancy outcomes, gestational age at delivery, birth weight and placental weight. Placental histopathological lesions associated with uteroplacental malperfusion (UPM) were scored under code. Villous cytotrophoblasts reflecting another measure of UPM were immunostained with E-cadherin and quantified using stereology. Inter-group comparisons were made using univariate or multivariate analysis. Results Of the 92 women enrolled in the study, 61 (66%) had histories of alcohol use during the pregnancy while the remaining 31 served as controls. The alcohol-exposed group significantly differed from controls based on (a) higher rates of smoking and polydrug use during pregnancy, (b) lower mean gestational age and birth weight of their infants, (c) elevated UPM scores, (d) increased densities of villous cytotrophoblastic cells and (e) more extensive chorangiosis in placenta. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated alcohol to be the only significant predictor of these outcomes and responses. Conclusions Gestational alcohol exposure is significantly associated with UPM, which could account for the higher rates of preterm delivery and reduced mean birth weights. Since chorangiosis reflects altered placental oxygen dynamics, the greater abundance of this abnormality could represent a compensatory response to UPM. Short Summary In this clinical study, we assessed the effects of maternal alcohol drinking on placental morphology. Applying a cumulative scoring system, we determined that gestational alcohol exposure is significantly associated with uteroplacental malperfusion, which could account for the higher rates of preterm delivery and reduced mean birth weights.
Ion Channels of Pituitary Gonadotrophs and Their Roles in Signaling and Secretion

Gonadotrophs are basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland specialized to secrete gonadotropins in response to elevation in intracellular calcium concentration. These cells fire action potentials (APs) spontaneously, coupled with voltage-gated calcium influx of insufficient amplitude to trigger gonadotropin release. The spontaneous excitability of gonadotrophs reflects the expression of voltage-gated sodium, calcium, potassium, non-selective cation-conducting, and chloride channels at their plasma membrane (PM). These cells also express the hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels at the PM, as well as GABAA, nicotinic, and purinergic P2X channels gated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACh), and ATP, respectively. Activation of these channels leads to initiation or amplification of the pacemaking activity, facilitation of calcium influx, and activation of the exocytic pathway. Gonadotrophs also express calcium-conducting channels at the endoplasmic reticulum membranes gated by inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium. These channels are activated potently by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and less potently by several paracrine calcium-mobilizing agonists, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptides, endothelins, ACh, vasopressin, and oxytocin. Activation of these channels causes oscillatory calcium release and a rapid gonadotropin release, accompanied with a shift from tonic firing of single APs to periodic bursting type of electrical activity, which accounts for a sustained calcium signaling and gonadotropin secretion. This review summarizes our current understanding of ion channels as signaling molecules in gonadotrophs, the role of GnRH and paracrine agonists in their gating, and the cross talk among channels.
Outcome of young children with autism

The study aims were to identify developmental trajectories of young children with autism and investigate their prognostic factors. The participants were 208 children, assessed first at the age of 5 years, followed longitudinally, and reassessed 3 years later. The children’s clinical characteristics and the interventions received were recorded. The results indicated two distinct outcome groups with more stability than change. When changes did occur, they pertained to symptom severity (which decreased) and speech level and adaptive behavior (which improved). A logistic regression analysis pointed out two main risk factors (symptom severity and speech level) and two main protection factors (communication skills and person-related cognition). Surprisingly, the amount of intervention (in terms of number of hours) was not related to outcome.
Chronotype Predicts Activity Patterns in the Neural Underpinnings of the Motor System During the Day

Neuroimaging is increasingly used to study the motor system in vivo. Despite many reports of time-of-day influences on motor function at the behavioral level, little is known about these influences on neural motor networks and their activations recorded in neuroimaging. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the authors studied 15 healthy subjects (9 females; mean ± SD age: 23 ± 3 yrs) performing a self-paced finger-tapping task at different times of day (morning, midday, afternoon, and evening). Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signal showed systematic differences across the day in task-related motor areas of the brain, specifically in the supplementary motor area, parietal cortex, and rolandic operculum (pcorr < .0125). The authors found that these time-of-day-dependent hemodynamic modulations are associated with chronotype and not with homeostatic sleep pressure. These results show that consideration of time-of-day for the analysis of fMRI studies is imperative. (Author correspondence: roenneberg@lmu.de)
Elucidation of the Different Effects of Polyamines and Other Naturally-Occurring Inhibitors of Cell Proliferation (Chalones) on T-Lymphocyte and Granulocyte Colony Growth in vitro

Using T-lymphocyte and granulocyte colony assays with truly proliferating cells the effects of the polyamine spermine and of other naturally-occurring inhibitors of cell proliferation have been differentiated. It has been confirmed that spermine, in the presence of fetal calf serum, is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of either 3- hydroxybenzyl-oxyamine or 4-bromo-3-hydroxybenzyl-oxyamine, both of which are inhibitors of the polyamine oxidase. In comparison, fractions isolated from calf thymus were shown to inhibit lymphocyte, but not granulocyte colony growth, indicating their tissue specificity and lymphocyte chalone activity. Further this inhibition was not reversed by polyamine oxidase inhibitors demonstrating that polyamines were not the inhibitory principles in this preparation.
Immunohistochemical staining of urokinase plasminogen activator-like and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-like proteins in the urinary tract of healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine distribution of urokinase plasminogen activator-like protein and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-like protein in urinary tract tissues of healthy dogs. ANIMALS 11 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES Necropsy specimens from kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, prostate, and testis were obtained from 4 sexually intact female dogs, 5 sexually intact males, and 2 castrated males; dogs ranged in age from juvenile to adult. Urokinase plasminogen activator-like protein and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-like protein in tissue lysates from kidney, prostate, and testis were identified by use of SDS-PAGE, western blot analysis, and immunoprecipitation. Urokinase plasminogen activator-like protein and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-like protein in kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, prostate, and testis were identified by use of immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. RESULTS Urokinase plasminogen activator-like protein and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-like protein in the molecular-weight range published for urokinase and urokinase receptor (53 and 33 kd for urokinase and 60 to 65 kd for urokinase receptor) were identified. Distribution of the proteins identified by use of immunohistochemical staining was comparable with published information for humans and mice for the urinary tract. Staining of these proteins was detected in more tissue types than reported in healthy humans. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Urokinase plasminogen activator-like protein and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-like protein were detected in the urinary tract of healthy dogs. This information is important for further evaluation of the functions of urokinase and urokinase receptor in the canine urinary tract and the pathophysiologic features of urinary tract disease.
Phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial (BREAK-3) comparing the BRAF kinase inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) with dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients with BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma.

LBA8500^ Background: Dabrafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor, has shown activity with a manageable safety profile in phase I/II studies in patients (pts) with BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic melanoma (MM). This phase III trial (NCT01227889) compared progression-free survival (PFS) in pts with advanced MM treated either with dabrafenib or dacarbazine (DTIC). METHODS Pts with previously untreated, unresectable stage III or IV BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma were randomized (3:1) and stratified by stage to dabrafenib (150 mg po bid) or DTIC (1000 mg/m2, IV, q3w). Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS. Primary analysis for PFS was planned after 102 events. Pts on the DTIC arm were allowed to cross over once progression was confirmed by independent review (IR). Secondary endpoints included PFS by IR, overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), duration of response, safety and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS 250 pts were enrolled at 93 centers globally from February to September 2011. 187 were randomized to dabrafenib and 63 to DTIC. 141pts were on study treatment at the data cut-off at December 19, 2011 (dabrafenib n = 127; DTIC n = 14), including 21/28 DTIC pts crossed over to dabrafenib. Median age was 52 years, 31% of pts were ECOG >1, 66% M1c, 33% LDH > ULN. Demographics were well balanced between the two arms. At the time of the primary analysis, there were 118 events (77 dabrafenib and 41 DTIC). The hazard ratio for PFS was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.18-0.53; p < 0.0001). Median PFS was 5.1 months for dabrafenib and 2.7 for DTIC. OS data were immature, with 30 deaths reported. Confirmed RR was 53% for dabrafenib and 19% for DTIC. Benefits in PFS and RR were observed in all subgroups evaluated. Common adverse events (AEs) on the dabrafenib arm were hyperkeratosis (37%), headache (32%), pyrexia (28%), arthralgia (27%), skin papillomas (24%). Serious AEs (> 1%) on the dabrafenib arm included pyrexia (4%), squamous cell carcinomas (6%), and new primary melanomas (2%). CONCLUSIONS Dabrafenib demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS and ORR over DTIC with an acceptable safety profile.