Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur mechanischen Thrombektomie beim Carotis T Verschluss

Ein Schlaganfall ist eine plotzlich auftretende Erkrankung des Gehirns, die entweder durch einen Gefasverschluss oder eine Hirnblutung verursacht wird. Dadurch kommt es zu einer Unterversorgung des Gehirns mit moglichen folgenden Ausfallen der Gehirnfunktionen. Beim Menschen ist der Schlaganfall der vierthaufigste Todesgrund und die haufigste Ursache fur Langzeitbehinderung bei Erwachsenen. Akute Carotis T Verschlusse werden bei konservativer Therapie mit ausgedehnten ischamischen Lasionen, einem schlechten Outcome und bis zu 53 % Mortalitat in Verbindung gebracht. Die endovaskulare mechanische Thrombektomie ist eine vielversprechende alternative Behandlung bei grosen Gefasverschlussen. Bei dieser Therapiemethode wird versucht, das verschlossene Gefas mit mechanischen Instrumenten, wie den Stentretrievern, zu rekanalisieren und den Thrombus dabei moglichst restlos zu entfernen. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Daten von 51 Patienten, die aufgrund eines akuten Carotis T Verschlusses mechanisch rekanalisiert wurden, retrospektiv untersucht. Eine erfolgreiche Rekanalisation (TICI 2b/3) wurde bei 78,4 % (40/51) erreicht. Ein gutes klinisches Outcome (mRS 0-2) wurde bei 24,4 % der Patienten beobachtet und auch nur bei denjenigen, die erfolgreich rekanalisiert werden konnten (TICI 2b/3). Mit Stentretrievern wurde eine hohere Rekanalisationsrate und ein besseres klinisches Outcome erzielt als mit anderen mechanischen Instrumenten. Zwolf Patienten (29,3 %) starben wahrend des Beobachtungszeitraums (90 Tage). Klinisch relevante, prozedurbezogene Komplikationen traten bei zwei Patienten auf, eine Gefasperforation mit einem Mikrodraht und eine symptomatische parenchymale Blutung nach Einleitung einer Antikoagulanztherapie aufgrund eines unbeabsichtigten Ablosens eines Stentretrievers. Ziel der retrospektiven Analyse war es, die Durchfuhrbarkeit, Sicherheit und Effizienz der mechanischen Thrombektomie bei akutem ischamischem Schlaganfall infolge eines Carotis T Verschlusses zu untersuchen. Das Ergebnis war, dass die mechanische Thrombektomie hohe Rekanalisationsraten erzielt, wirksam und, mit einer niedrigen Komplikationsrate, angemessen sicher ist. Eine erfolgreiche Rekanalisation scheint die Voraussetzung fur ein gutes klinisches Outcome zu sein.
The Jones R&D Growth Model: Comment on Stability

The dynamics of most prominent endogenous growth models are well understood. One notable exception is the Jones (1995) R&D growth model. This paper provides an analytical treatment of this model's transitional dynamics. It is shown that, given constant returns to labor in R&D (as conventionally assumed in R\&D growth models), a unique trajectory converging to the balanced growth path exists. The equilibrium growth path can be monotonic or oscillatory. Moreover, applying a theorem from Arnold (2004), this result can be used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the multi-country open-economy version of the model. Von den meisten wichtigen Modellen endogenen Wachstums ist das dynamische Verhalten abschliesend untersucht und wohlbekannt. Eine wichtige Ausnahme ist das Jones- (1995) F&E-Wachstumsmodell. In diesem Paper wird gezeigt, dass unter der ublichen Annahme konstanter Grenzertrage von Arbeit in F&E ein eindeutiger Wachstumspfad existiert, der die Jones-Okonomie in ihr stationares Gleichgewicht fuhrt. Dieser Gleichgewichtspfad kann monoton sein oder gedampft oszillieren. Durch die Anwendung eines Theorems aus einer verwandten Arbeit folgt daruber hinaus, dass dieses Stabilitatsergebnis auch auf die Mehr-Lander-Version des Jones-Modells ubertragen werden kann.
Study on sensing properties of Pt/Fe/Zn decorated SnO2 sensor for dissolved CO in transformer oil

Online monitoring of dissolved carbon monoxide (CO) in transformer oil plays a significant role in transformer condition assessment and fault diagnosis. In this study, Pt, Fe and Zn decorated SnO2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Gas sensors were fabricated and CO sensing performances were systematically measured. The Pt doped SnO2 sensor exhibits enhanced sensing properties than those of pure, Fe and Zn doped sensors. Moreover, a theoretical calculation based on the first-principles was conducted. A large number of electrons was found between Pt doped SnO2 and CO gas molecule. Theoretical calculations verify the gas sensing results. It provides us a feasible way to explore high-performance CO gas sensor by doping modification.
Validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale for Jamaican Creole-Speaking Preschoolers.

Purpose To describe validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS; McLeod, Harrison, & McCormack, 2012a) and ICS-Jamaican Creole (ICS-JC; McLeod, Harrison, & McCormack, 2012b) in a sample of typically developing 3- to 6-year-old Jamaicans. Method One-hundred and forty-five preschooler-parent dyads participated in the study. Parents completed the 7-item ICS (n = 145) and ICS-JC (n = 98) to rate children's speech intelligibility (5-point scale) across communication partners (parents, immediate family, extended family, friends, acquaintances, strangers). Preschoolers completed the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP; Dodd, Hua, Crosbie, Holm, & Ozanne, 2006) in English and Jamaican Creole to establish speech-sound competency. For this sample, we examined validity and reliability (interrater, test-rest, internal consistency) evidence using measures of speech-sound production: (a) percentage of consonants correct, (b) percentage of vowels correct, and (c) percentage of phonemes correct. Results ICS and ICS-JC ratings showed preschoolers were always (5) to usually (4) understood across communication partners (ICS, M = 4.43; ICS-JC, M = 4.50). Both tools demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .91), high interrater, and test-retest reliability. Significant correlations between the two tools and between each measure and language-specific percentage of consonants correct, percentage of vowels correct, and percentage of phonemes correct provided criterion-validity evidence. A positive correlation between the ICS and age further strengthened validity evidence for that measure. Conclusions Both tools show promising evidence of reliability and validity in describing functional speech intelligibility for this group of typically developing Jamaican preschoolers.
Advancing dynamical prediction of Indian monsoon rainfall

Despite advances in seasonal climate forecasting using dynamical models, skill in predicting the Indian monsoon by such methods has proven poor. Our analysis identifies a flaw in the hitherto popular design of prediction systems in which atmospheric models are driven with a projected ocean surface temperature. Such a configuration presupposes Indian monsoon variability to be a consequence solely of the atmosphere reacting to the ocean. It is becoming increasingly evident that the Indian monsoon is suitably described as a fully coupled ocean‐land‐atmospheric system, though implications for skill have not been demonstrated. We discover significant improvements in the skill of Indian monsoon predictions when atmospheric models are not constrained by specified observed SSTs in the Indian Ocean warm pool region. Evidence comes from intercomparing 50‐years of monsoon skill in atmospheric models using specified SSTs with skill in coupled ocean atmosphere models.
The end‐plate potential in mammalian muscle

Investigations of the nature of the mammalian end-plate potential (e.p.p.) have been carried out previously by recording from whole muscles, or bundles of muscle fibres, with external electrodes (Eccles & O'Connor, 1939, 1941; Eccles, Katz & Kuffler, 1941, 1942). However, only a few experiments have been reported in which e.p.p.'s have been recorded intracellularly from single mammalian muscle fibres (e.g. Lundberg & Quilisch, 1953 a, b). In the experiments to be reported here, the intracellular recording technique has been employed in a more complete investigation of transmission in mammalian skeletal muscle (cat). Many of the experiments were similar to those carried out on frog muscle by Fatt & Katz (1951) and Castillo & Katz (1954a, b), and were designed to determine whether the processes involved in neuromuscular transmission are identical in the two cases. Spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials have already been described in mammalian muscle (Boyd & Martin, 1956), and a preliminary account of the quantal composition of the mammalian e.p.p. was given previously (Boyd & Martin, 1955).
Cerebellar Involvement in Midline Facial Defects with Ocular Hypertelorism

Objective Twenty-four patients were evaluated to better characterize neurological and neuroradiological aspects of midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism. Methods After a clinical genetics evaluation, the individuals were divided into two groups: 12 isolated cases (group 1) and 12 associated with multiple congenital anomalies (group 2). The investigation protocol included medical and family history, as well as dysmorphological, neurological, and neuroradiological evaluations by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan. Results Because there was no significant difference concerning the neurological aspects of groups 1 and 2, they were analyzed together. Mild hypotonia (24 of 24), abnormalities in cranial shape (24 of 24), cranial nerves (19 of 24), motor coordination (18 of 24), dynamic equilibrium (14 of 24), and language problems (8 of 24) were noted. Measurements of the posterior fossa showed hypoplastic cerebellar vermis (8 of 17), the cerebellum at lower normality limits (5 of 17), and signs of cerebellar hypoplasia (3 of 7). Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates the presence of structural and functional neurological abnormalities related to midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism, as well as involvement of the cerebellum. It provides a basis for future investigation of midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism and should be considered during planning of rehabilitation treatment.
User Acceptance of Fully Autonomous Public Transport

The development of fully automated vehicles is becoming more and more present in the social discussion. The image of fully automated cars is determined by automobile manufacturers and placed in the context of individual traffic. In contrast to fully autonomous private cars, fully automated public transport is already operating in some cities and is to be expanded in the future. Autonomous public transport offers great potential for the development and promotion of sustainable mobility concepts. However, the user acceptance is important for the enforcement and widespread use of these technical innovations. An online study on the acceptance of fully automated public transport based on quantitative data of a sample of N = 201 is presented. The results show a high level of familiarity with the topic and a very high level of overall intention to use fully automated public transport in the future.
Outbreaks of Norwalk-like virus-associated gastroenteritis traced to shellfish: coexistence of two genotypes in one specimen

SUMMARY We determined the nucleotide sequences of Norwalk-like viruses in 10 PCR products from stool or oyster specimens obtained from four outbreaks of gastroenteritis in which shellfish was suspected as the cause in Shizuoka prefecture in Japan between 1987–94. The sequences were determined from nucleotide positions 4561–852 (292 bp) in the polymerase region. Two types of sequences were detected. One (genotype 1) had 87% sequence homology with the prototype Norwalk virus, and the other (genotype 2) had 59 % sequence homology. The sequences from isolates belonging to the same genotype were almost the same regardless of the year of isolation. Because sequences of 2 genotypes were detected in 2 of the 4 outbreaks, nested PCR was performed with genotype-specific primers to detect the presence of 2 genotypes in the same specimen. In 5 of 10 specimens, PCR bands were detected with both genotype-specific primers, indicating the coexistence of 2 genotypes in 1 specimen. We also detected two genotypes of Norwalk-like virus in an oyster from a sample implicated in one of the outbreaks which may provide direct evidence of oysters as the cause of the gastroenteritis.
SP0010 INFECTIOUS RISK AND MANAGEMENT OF VACCINATION

Background: O ver the years, awareness of vaccine-preventable infection in rheumatic diseases has increased. At the same time, the safety of vaccines is still a hot topic in the public arena. Large-scale registries with data on juvenile idiopathic arthritis or RA taking the combination of methotrexate and biologics have demonstrated an increased incidence of infections. EULAR recommendations for both vaccination in pediatric patients and adults with rheumatic diseases, provide evidence-based guidance based on data from published studies on safety and efficacy of vaccinations in adults and children with rheumatic conditions. Especially in children, few data exist on safety and efficacy of live-attenuated vaccines such as MMR. This is relevant given the decreasing vaccination coverage and occurrence of measles outbreakes Objectives: To provide an overview of vaccines used in patients groups with rheumatic conditions under medication such as MTX and or biologicals. Also we seek for evidence on adverse events, protection rates and persistence of protective antibody titers over time. From these studies general guidelines are proposed. Methods: Literature review of vaccination studies performed in adults and children. In addition the clinical practice of boostering of MMR in JIA patients under immunosuppressive therapy was investigated in several large academic pediatric centers across Europe. Thus 234 JIA patients were identified that received a MMR booster under MTX and or biologicals. Results: EULAR recommendations are updated for children and adults. For most vaccines it is adivised to follow the national vaccination guidelines. Non-live vaccines can be safely provided to AIIRD patients under immunomodulating treatments, whereas the administration of live attenuated vaccines should be avoided under immunomodulating treatment, with the possible exceptions of herpes zoster and MMR. In 234 children with JIA who received the MMR booster while using MTX and or a Biological only 7 of adverse events were reported. Adverse events reported were mild (skin reaction, mild fever, urinary tract infection. There was no relation between disease activity, disease type or duration, sex, age and outcome of vaccinations. Vaccination status of patients with rheumatic conditions should be assessed annually. Live attenuated vaccines should be avoided during the first 6 months of life in newborns of mothers treated with biologics during the second half of pregnancy. Conclusion: The EULAR recommendations of 2011 are currently updated and will provide an up-to-date guidance on the management of vaccinations in patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. There is still a scartity of data on safety and efficay of live attenuated vaccines under biologicals. The next challenge is the implementation into the clinical practice of health professionals across Europe. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Protective Effect of Carbon Monoxide Donor Compounds in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Renal Failure

Background: Sepsis is a common cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in clinical practice. However, the precise mechanism of endotoxin-induced ARF is not fully understood. There have been several reports that inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO) gas could be protective against acute rejection in intestine, lung, and kidney transplantation. Thus, we investigated the direct effect of CO in an experimental ARF model of septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Method: Mice were pretreated with [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 (CO donor compounds) at various concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg) which were intravenously injected 24 h before intraperitoneal LPS injection. Biomarkers including myeloperoxidase activity and histochemical staining were evaluated. Results: The elevation of plasma creatinine was suppressed in CO donor-pretreated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice (creatinine 0.35 vs. 0.25; p < 0.05) 24 h after LPS injection. Renal myeloperoxidase activity slightly decreased in CO donor-pretreated mice. In the histological examination, neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished in CO donor-treated mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed significant improvements in inflammatory related genes, such as TNFα, MCP-1, RANTES and IL4. Conclusion: Our results suggest the protective effect of the CO donor against endotoxin-induced renal injury; however, further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism.
Prehistoric copper in Bulgaria: Its composition and provenance

In Fortsetzung einer fruheren Untersuchung zur Rolle der beiden kupferzeitlichen Bergwerke von Rudna Glava und Ai Bunar fur die Kupferversorgung Sudosteuropas wurden 290 Metallobjekte, sieben Malachitperlen, sowie 76 Proben von Kupfererzen und gediegen Kupfer, vorwiegend aus Bulgarien, hinsichtlich ihrer Spurenelementgehalte und Bleiisotopenverhaltnisse analysiert. Von den Artefakten datieren 258 in die Zeit vom spaten Neolithikum bis zur Proto-Bronzezeit und bilden zusammen mit 77 prahistorischen Kupferobjekten aus Serbien die Materialbasis fur die folgenden SchluBfolgerungen: Aus dem Vergleich der chemischen Zusammensetzung von gediegen Kupfer und Metallartefakten aus Sudosteuropa laBt sich schlieBen, daB nur wenige Artefakte moglicherweise aus gediegen Kupfer, die uberwiegende Mehrheit jedoch aus verhuttetem Kupfer hergestellt wurde. Leider sind zeitgleiche Verhuttungseinrichtungen bisher noch nicht belegt. Wahrend noch immer kein einziges prahistorisches Metallobjekt Rudna Glava zugeordnet werden kann, stimmen bei 32 Artefakten aus der mittleren und spaten Kupferzeit alle gemessenen Parameter mit denen der Erze von Ai Bunar uberein. Es ist besonders bemerkenswert, daB sich darunter vier Schwergerate von Plocnik befinden. Dagegen stammt kein einziges von 82 analysierten endkupferzeitlichen Artefakten von Ai Bunar. Damit ist es erstmals gelungen, die prahistorischen Abbauphasen dieser Lagerstatte indirekt zu datieren. Wegen der chemischen und isotopischen Einheitlichkeit von zwei Artefaktgruppen schlieBen wier auf mindestens zwei weitere spatkupferzeitliche Abbauzentren, von denen wier eines in Prochorovo, ca. 80 km ostlich von Ai Bunar, vermuten. Das zweite Zentrum liegt mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit im Bereich um Medni Rid in der Nahe von Burgas am Schwarzen Meer. Im westlichen Bereich unseres Untersuchungsgebietes haben wir bereits fruher die noch heute im Abbau befindliche Kupferlagerstatte von Majdanpek als Ursprung der meisten endkupferzeitlichen Artefakte aus Serbien identifiziert. Die neuen Ergebnisse legen nun einen Beginn der Abbautatigkeit bereits in der mittleren Kupferzeit nahe. Kupfer dieser Zusammensetzung findet sich auch entlang der Donau bis Tell ruse. Es deutet sich daher ein Handel mit Kupfer an, der vielleicht das Gegenstuk zum Handel mit Spondylus- und Dentaliummuscheln donauaufwarts bildete. Das Auftreten von Kupfer von Ai Bunar in Serbien einerseits und von Majdanpek an der unteren Donau andererseits laBt auf eine Verbreitung der Metallgewinnung in relativ kurzer Zeit in ganz Sudosteuropa schlieBen. Obwohl das Kupfer aus Aibunar, Prochorovo (? ) und Medni Rid vorwiegend in Ost- und Nordostbulgarien zu finden ist und das von Majdanpek vorwiegend in Westbulgarien und Serbien, hat es offenbar Austauschbeziehungen zwischen den beiden Regionen gegeben. Aus den analytischen Ergebnissen ist zusatzlich abzulesen, daB es noch weitere Produktionsstatten von Kupfer gegeben hat.
Effect of ramp slope on determination of aerobic parameters from the ramp exercise test.

The effect of ramp slope on determination of aerobic parameters from the ramp exercise test. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 339-343, 1982. We have previously demonstrated that the four parameters of aerobic function (maximal oxygen uptake (muVO2), VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (theta an), the time constant for VO2 kinetics (tau VO2), and work efficiency (eta)) may all be determined reliably from a single test in which the work rate increases continuously at a constant rate, i.e., ramp. That study, however, utilized a single ramp slope of 50 W X min-1, which may not be appropriate for subjects with very low or very high work tolerances. We therefore studied the effect of different ramp slopes on the determination of these parameters. Ramp slopes of 20, 30, 50, and 100 W X min-1 were generated on a cycle ergometer, and each was assigned randomly to 14 healthy subjects. Ventilatory and gas exchange variables were measured breath-by-breath utilizing on-line digital computation. Ramp slopes of 20, 30, and 50 W X min-1 yielded the same values for each aerobic parameter. The 100 W X min-1 ramp yielded muVO2 and eta an values that were the same as those found for the other ramp slopes, but tau VO2 and eta could not be discerned validly from this ramp slope. We conclude that valid assessment of the four parameters of aerobic function is possible with ramp slopes between 20 and 50 W X min-1; no further information on the parameters is to be gained by prolonging the tests with ramps slower than 20 W X min-1.
Uterine leiomyoma: available medical treatments and new possible therapeutic options.

CONTEXT Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are benign tumors of the uterus and are clinically apparent in up to 25% of reproductive-age women. Heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss are generally associated with leiomyoma. Although surgical and radiological therapies are frequently used for the management of this tumor, medical therapies are considered the first-line treatment of leiomyoma. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION AND SYNTHESIS A review was conducted of electronic and print data comprising both original and review articles on pathophysiology and medical treatments of uterine leiomyoma retrieved from the PubMed or Google Scholar database up to June 2012. These resources were integrated with the authors' knowledge of the field. CONCLUSION To date, several pathogenetic factors such as genetic factors, epigenetic factors, estrogens, progesterone, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components have been implicated in leiomyoma development and growth. On the basis of current hypotheses, several medical therapies have been investigated. GnRH agonist has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for reducing fibroid volume and related symptoms. In addition, the FDA also approved an intrauterine device, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena), for additional use to treat heavy menstrual bleeding in intrauterine device users only. Currently, mifepristone, asoprisnil, ulipristal acetate, and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to be effective for fibroid regression and symptomatic improvement which are all in clinical trial. In addition, some synthetic and natural compounds as well as growth factor inhibitors are now under laboratory investigation, and they could serve as future therapeutic options.