Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Control in Intertemporal Choice and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Background: The Mediterranean Diet (hereinafter MD) is considered a healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to this pattern can be assessed by means of the KIDMED test by which individuals are assigned an index and classified into three groups of adherence to MD: high, medium, and low. In addition, impulsivity or impatience in intertemporal choice has been defined as a strong preference for small immediate rewards over large delayed ones. Objective: This study examines the relationship between dietary habits, specifically Mediterranean dietary pattern, measured by the KIDMED index, and the exhibited impatience in intertemporal choices, by means of the parameter k (discount rate of the hyperbolic discount function). Methods: A sample of 207 university students answered a questionnaire based on two tests: the KIDMED test, to assess the degree of adherence to MD, and an intertemporal choice questionnaire, to assess impatience or impulsivity. Individuals were grouped depending on their KIDMED score and then the discount rate or impulsivity parameter was calculated for each group. Results: Discount rates were inversely related to the degree of adherence to MD. The values of overall k were 1.53, 1.91, and 3.71% for the groups exhibiting high, medium and low adherence to MD, respectively. We also found higher k-values for larger rewards (magnitude effect) in the three groups. Conclusion: High adherence to MD is related to less steep time discounting, which implies less impulsivity (more self-control) or lower discount rates. Conversely, low adherence to MD is related to steeper time discounting, which implies impulsivity or higher discount rates. These findings could be used to identify the target population where policy interventions are needed in order to promote healthier diet habits.
Congenital Heart Defects and Ciliopathies Associated With Renal Phenotypes

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects, and recent studies indicate cilia-related mutations play a central role in the genetic etiology of CHD. As cilia are also known to have important roles in kidney development and disease, it is not surprising that renal anomalies were found to be enriched among CHD mutant mice recovered in a large-scale mouse forward genetic screen. Indeed 42% of mutations identified to cause both CHD and renal anomalies were cilia-related. Many of these cilia mutations comprise cilia transition zone or inversin compartment components, consistent with the known role of these cilia proteins in a wide variety of ciliopathies. The high prevalence of CHD with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) observed in mice was also corroborated with clinical studies that showed 20–30% of CHD patients have renal anomalies. Together these findings suggest CHD patients may benefit from early screening for renal anomalies to allow early diagnosis and intervention to improve outcome for this vulnerable patient population.
A Social Cognition Perspective on Human–Computer Trust: The Effect of Perceived Warmth and Competence on Trust in Decision-Making With Computers

Trust is a crucial guide in interpersonal interactions, helping people to navigate through social decision-making problems and cooperate with others. In human--computer interaction (HCI), trustworthy computer agents foster appropriate trust by supporting a match between their perceived and actual characteristics. As computers are increasingly endowed with capabilities for cooperation and intelligent problem-solving, it is critical to ask under which conditions people discern and distinguish trustworthy from untrustworthy technology. We present an interactive cooperation game framework allowing us to capture human social attributions that indicate trust in continued and interdependent human--agent cooperation. Within this framework, we experimentally examine the impact of two key dimensions of social cognition, warmth and competence, as antecedents of behavioral trust and self-reported trustworthiness attributions of intelligent computers. Our findings suggest that, first, people infer warmth attributions from unselfish vs. selfish behavior and competence attributions from competent vs. incompetent problem-solving. Second, warmth statistically mediates the relation between unselfishness and behavioral trust as well as between unselfishness and perceived trustworthiness. We discuss the possible role of human social cognition for human--computer trust.
“That Guy, Is He Really Sick at All?” An Analysis of How Veterans with PTSD Experience Nature-Based Therapy

Serving in the military leads to mental diseases, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for a percentage of soldiers globally. The number of veterans with PTSD is increasing and, although medication and psychological treatments are offered, treatment results could be improved. Historically, different forms of nature-based therapy have been used for this target group. However, in spite of anecdotally good results, studies measuring the effect of this form of therapy are still lacking. The aim of this study is to explore how veterans with PTSD manage their everyday lives during and after a ten-week nature-based intervention in a therapy garden. Methods: Eight veterans participated in qualitative interviews, which were conducted during a one-year period and were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results: Five themes emerged from the IPA analysis: Bodily symptoms; relationships; building new identities; the future; and lessons learned. All the participating veterans gained a greater insight into and mastering of their condition, achieved better control of their lives, and developed tools to handle life situations more appropriately and to build a new identity. This improved their ability to participate in social activities and employment. Conclusion: The results should be considered in the future treatment of veterans with PTSD.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells in a rheumatoid arthritis rat model.

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of increased importance because of their capacity to counteract inflammation and suppress host immune responses. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Paw swelling was assessed by measuring the thickness of the hind paws using a caliper. Cytokines - interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and IL-10 - and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Oxidative stress biomarkers - malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was detected by the western blot technique. Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-1 (COMP-1) gene expression were assessed by the real-time quantitative analysis. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) of rats and HSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood (UCB). RESULTS Paw edema, RA score, RF, cytokine assay, antioxidant state, NF-κB, TLR-2, MMP3, and COMP-1 showed improvement in the group that received MSCs compared to the group that received HSCs and the group that received methotrexate. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells are very effective in reducing RA inflammation; they are superior to HSC and methotrexate treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells could become a better therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of RA.
A Modified Posterior C1/C2 Fusion Technique for the Management of Traumatic Odontoid Type II Fractures by Using Intraoperative Spinal Navigation: Midterm Results

Objectives: To assess midterm safety and efficacy of a modified Goel–Harms technique for the treatment of odontoid instabilities. Design: Longitudinal prospective cohort study. Setting: Urban Level 1 Trauma Center in Southwest Germany. Patients/Participants: Orthopaedic and neurosurgical trauma patients older than 18 years admitted for ⩽24 hours. Main Outcome Measurements: The outcome was evaluated with respect to neurological outcome, radiological outcome and surgical complications. For the functional assessment, the EQ-5D questionnaire was used. Furthermore, the Neck Disability Index and visual analog scale for neck pain were determined. A median follow-up of 39 months (range: 6–97 months) was given. Results: Of the total sample (n = 56), 26 patients with an acute traumatic odontoid fracture type II underwent posterior atlantoaxial instrumentation using spinal navigation. Neck pain evaluated with visual analog scale and Neck Disability Index showed a significant decrease at final follow-up compared to preoperative values (P < 0.05). According to the EQ-5D, the valuation of quality of life after C1/C2 fusion showed an excellent outcome with complete recovery in most cases (0.7–1). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate satisfactory and maintained midterm clinical and radiological results after a median follow-up of 39 months. With the use of intraoperative spinal navigation, we demonstrate a modified C1/C2 posterior fusion technique, rendering accuracy, feasibility, and overall safety. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effects of communication mode and salience on recasts: A first exposure study

This article reports on a study that investigated whether the extent to which learners benefit from recasts on two Turkish morphemes differ depending on communication mode — i.e. Face-to-Face Communication (F2FC) and text-based Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication (SCMC) — and/or the salience of the target structure (i.e. salient and non-salient). In this first exposure study, 24 native speakers of English with no Turkish background studied 51 Turkish words by completing a series of vocabulary learning tasks. Participants who scored at or above a criterion level of 60% on a screening test met with the researcher and carried out two communicative tasks. In each task, learners received recasts on one of the target structures through one of the communication modes. The order of the tasks was counterbalanced across four subgroups of learners. Two oral production tasks were used as a posttest in order to measure learners’ performance on the two target structures. Results revealed that learners scored statistically significantly higher on receiving recasts through text-based SCMC than recasts through F2FC. However, results showed no difference between the salient and the non-salient morpheme in benefiting from recasts.
Image reconstruction in quantitative PAT with the simplified $P_2$ approximation

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a hybrid imaging modality that intends to construct high-resolution images of optical properties of heterogeneous media from measured acoustic data generated by the photoacoustic effect. To date, most of the model-based quantitative image reconstructions in PAT are performed with either the radiative transport equation or its classical diffusion approximation as the model of light propagation. In this work, we study quantitative image reconstructions in PAT using the simplified $P_2$ equations as the light propagation model. We provide numerical evidences on the feasibility of this approach and derive some stability results as theoretical justifications.
Improving Consistency-Based Semi-Supervised Learning with Weight Averaging

Recent advances in deep unsupervised learning have renewed interest in semi-supervised methods, which can learn from both labeled and unlabeled data. Presently the most successful approaches to semi-supervised learning are based on consistency regularization, whereby a model is trained to be robust to small perturbations of its inputs and parameters. We show that consistency regularization leads to flatter but narrower optima. We also show that the test error surface for these methods is approximately convex in regions of weight space traversed by SGD. Inspired by these observations, we propose to train consistency based semi-supervised models with stochastic weight averaging (SWA), a recent method which averages weights along the trajectory of SGD. We also develop fast-SWA, which further accelerates convergence by averaging multiple points within each cycle of a cyclical learning rate schedule. With fast-SWA we achieve the best known semi-supervised results on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 over many different numbers of observed training labels. For example, we achieve 95.0% accuracy on CIFAR-10 with only 4000 labels, compared to the previous best result in the literature of 93.7%. We also improve the best known accuracy for domain adaptation from CIFAR-10 to STL from 80% to 83%. Finally, we show that with fast-SWA the simple $\Pi$ model becomes state-of-the-art for large labeled settings.
Central administration of TRV027 improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

TRV027 is a biased agonist for the Angiotensin (Ang)-II type 1 receptor (AT1R), able to recruit β-arrestin 2 independently of G-proteins activation. β-arrestin activation in the central nervous system (CNS) was suggested to oppose the effects of Ang-II. The present study evaluates the effect of central infusion of TRV027 on arterial pressure (AP), autonomic function, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and peripheral vascular reactivity. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with TRV027 for 14 days (20 ng/h) delivered to the lateral ventricle via osmotic minipumps. Mechanistic studies were performed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with AT1R and Ang converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) treated with TRV027 (100 nM) or Ang-II (100 nM). TRV027 infusion in SH rats (SHR) reduced AP (~20 mmHg, P<0.05), sympathetic vasomotor activity (ΔMAP = -47.2 ± 2.8 compared with -64 ± 5.1 mmHg, P<0.05) and low-frequency (LF) oscillations of AP (1.7 ± 0.2 compared with 5.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, P<0.05) compared with the SHR control group. TRV027 also increased vagal tone, improved BRS, reduced the reactivity of mesenteric arteries to Ang-II and increased vascular sensitivity to phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine, (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In vitro, TRV027 prevented the Ang-II-induced up-regulation of ADAM17 and in contrast with Ang-II, had no effects on ACE2 activity and expression levels. Furthermore, TRV027 induced lesser interactions between AT1R and ACE2 compared with Ang-II. Together, these data suggest that due to its biased activity for the β-arrestin pathway, TRV027 has beneficial effects within the CNS on hypertension, autonomic and vascular function, possibly through preserving ACE2 compensatory activity in neurones.
Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells

This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and T47D) were selected and treated with radiation of different doses. Cells were treated with Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) to analyze the effects of GSI on the Notch signaling, which were detected by Immunofluorescence assay, RT‐qPCR, and Western blot analysis. Besides, Transwell assay, Scratch test, colony formation assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to show the effects of GSI on the invasion and migration, survival fraction, cell viability, and apoptosis of MCF‐7 and T47D cells after radiation therapy. Moreover, cell transfection with a dominant negative mutant of RBPJ, the key transcription factor of Notch signaling pathway, were also applied to show the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway. Initially, we found that the 4 Gy radiation activated Notch signaling pathway, and enhanced the invasion and migration of MCF‐7 and T47D cells. However, GSI inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, and reversed the enhancement of radiation on the migration and invasion, promoted the enhancement of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of MCF‐7 and T47D cells induced by radiation. Except that, we also determined that GSI and dnRBPJ suppressed the upregulation of Notch signaling after radiation therapy. Our study demonstrated that inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells, which may provide evident for a beneficial adjuvant therapy in the breast cancer treatment.
[Association of aggressive behavior with separation from parents and social anxiety in grade four to six of rural senior primary school students in Anhui Province in 2014].

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between separation from parents and social anxiety with aggressive behaviors, to provide scientific basis for the prevention of aggression. METHODS Stratified random sampling was used to collect 1126 students ofthe fourth, fifth and sixth grade from three primary schools in Dangshan County and two primary schools in Guzhen County. The incomplete or incorrect questionnaires were eliminated, and 1024 questionnaires were valid; the effective rate was 90. 9%. The questionnaire survey included the left-behind children's general situation and the separation from parents; the aggression questionnaire was used to detect the aggression of students; the social anxiety scale for children was used to detect the social anxiety of students. The multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the risk factor and the aggressive behavior. RESULTS There were no significant difference of AQ score and other factor score among students in different grade( P > 0. 05), the AQ score and other factor score were higher in boy students( P < 0. 05). The AQ score and other factor score of the left-behind children were higher than the children who lived with their parents, the AQ score and other factor score of the children whose parents all out were highest( 71. 5 ± 20. 5, 14. 9 ± 6. 1, 12. 6 ± 3. 2, 17. 6 ± 5. 8, 11. 7 ± 4. 3 and15. 4 ± 5. 4), there were significant difference of AQ score and PHY and IND factor score between them( P < 0. 05). The children whose parents go out one year ago, whose parents don't go home in one year, and who hardly contact parents, these children' AQ score and each factor points are the highest. Multiple linear regression showed that sex, the situation of parents go out to work, the number of parents go back to home every year, the frequency of parent-child links and children's social society influenced the aggressive behavior of students( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION The lower the frequency of parental contact, the longer time to work and the higher the social anxiety score of children, the more serious the attack behavior of left-behind children.
Electrophysiological evidence for the interaction of prosody and thematic fit during sentence comprehension

ABSTRACT This study investigated the interaction of prosody and thematic fit/plausibility information during the processing of sentences containing temporary early closure (correct) or late closure (incorrect) syntactic ambiguities using event-related potentials (ERPs). Early closure sentences with congruent and incongruent prosody were presented where the temporarily ambiguous NP was either a plausible or an implausible continuation for the subordinate verb (e.g. “While the band played the song/beer pleased all the customers.”). N400 and P600 components were examined at critical points in each condition. The CPS was examined in sentences with congruent prosody. Prosodic and thematic fit cues interacted immediately (N400–P600) at the implausible NP (beer), when it was paired with incongruent prosody. Incongruent prosody paired with a plausible NP (song) resulted in garden-path effects (N400–P600) at the critical verb (pleased). These findings provide strong evidence that prosodic and thematic fit/plausibility cues interact to aid the parser in syntactic structure building.
PAMELA data and leptonically decaying dark matter

Recently PAMELA released their first results on the positron and antiproton ratios. Stimulated by the new data, we studied the cosmic ray propagation models and calculated the secondary positron and antiproton spectra. The low energy positron ratio can be consistent with data in the convection propagation model. Above similar to 10 GeV PAMELA data shows a clear excess on the positron ratio. However, the secondary antiproton is roughly consistent with the data. The positron excess may be evidence of dark matter annihilation or decay. We compare the positron and antiproton spectra with the data by assuming that dark matter annihilates or decays into different final states. The PAMELA data actually excludes quark pairs being the main final states, and disfavors gauge boson final states. Only in the case of leptonic final states can the positron and antiproton spectra be explained simultaneously. We also compare the decaying and annihilating dark matter scenarios which can account for the PAMELA results and find that the decaying dark matter is preferred. Finally, we consider a decaying neutralino dark matter model in the frame of supersymmetry with R-parity violation. The PAMELA data is well fitted with a neutralino mass of 600 similar to 2000 GeV and a lifetime of similar to 10(26) seconds. We also demonstrate that a neutralino with mass around 2 TeV can fit PAMELA and ATIC data simultaneously.
NCRF++: An Open-source Neural Sequence Labeling Toolkit

This paper describes NCRF++, a toolkit for neural sequence labeling. NCRF++ is designed for quick implementation of different neural sequence labeling models with a CRF inference layer. It provides users with an inference for building the custom model structure through configuration file with flexible neural feature design and utilization. Built on PyTorch http://pytorch.org/, the core operations are calculated in batch, making the toolkit efficient with the acceleration of GPU. It also includes the implementations of most state-of-the-art neural sequence labeling models such as LSTM-CRF, facilitating reproducing and refinement on those methods.
Reference equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in adult Caucasians

The aim of this study was to determine reference equations for the combined measurement of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) (DLCONO). In addition, we wanted to appeal for consensus regarding methodology of the measurement including calculation of diffusing capacity of the alveolo-capillary membrane (Dm) and pulmonary capillary volume (Vc). DLCONO was measured in 282 healthy individuals aged 18–97 years using the single-breath technique and a breath-hold time of 5 s (true apnoea period). The following values were used: 1) specific conductance of nitric oxide (θNO)=4.5 mLNO·mLblood−1·min−1·mmHg−1; 2) ratio of diffusing capacity of the membrane for NO and CO (DmNO/DmCO)=1.97; and 3) 1/red cell CO conductance (1/θCO)=(1.30+0.0041·mean capillary oxygen pressure)·(14.6/Hb concentration in g·dL−1). Reference equations were established for the outcomes of DLCONO, including DLCO and DLNO and the calculated values Dm and Vc. Independent variables were age, sex, height and age squared. By providing new reference equations and by appealing for consensus regarding the methodology, we hope to provide a basis for future studies and clinical use of this novel and interesting method. Reference equations for the DLCONO measurement based on state-of-the-art methodology http://ow.ly/6VqD30khPEp