Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about Police Error Leading to Wrongful Convictions and Attitudes on Police Legitimacy

ii Acknowledgements . iii Attitudes on Police Legitimacy and Police Error Leading to Wrongful Convictions . 1 How Do Police Contribute to Wrongful Convictions . 2 Professionals’ Perceptions of the Problem . 3 Public Opinion on Wrongful Convictions and Police Misconduct . 4 Public Opinion on Police Legitimacy . 4 Race in Relation to Beliefs about Wrongful Convictions and Police Legitimacy. 5 Statement of the Problem . 7 Methods.8 Results . 9 Discussion . 10 Conclusion . 12 Appendix . 13 References . 14
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of colorectal lesions with the full-thickness resection device: clinical experience from two referral centers in Greece

Background: Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) using the full-thickness resection device (FTRD®) is an invasive treatment for colorectal lesions not resectable by conventional endoscopic techniques. This study presents the first Greek experience of the FTRD® procedure, assessing the efficacy and safety of EFTR. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 17 consecutive patients treated with the FTRD® at 2 referral centers from October 2015 through December 2018. The indications included difficult adenomas (non-lifting and/or at difficult locations), early adenocarcinomas and subepithelial tumors. Primary endpoints were technical success and R0 resection. Results: Technical success and R0 resection were achieved in 82.3% procedures (14/17) and in 87.5% of those with difficult adenomas (8 patients). In the subgroup with carcinomas (n=3), the rate of technical success and R0 resection was 66.6%, while in the subgroup with subepithelial tumors (n=6) the rate was 83.3%. Technical success and R0 resection were significantly lower for lesions >20 mm vs. ≤20 mm (P=0.0429). In the 17 patients a total of 3 adverse events occurred (17.6%) and one of the patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy because of EFTR around the appendix. Conclusions: Our study showed favorable results concerning EFTR feasibility, efficacy and safety, especially for lesions ≤20 mm, non-lifting adenomas, and subepithelial tumors. Technical success, R0 resection, and adverse events rates were comparable with previously published data. Larger randomized studies are needed to better define the clinical benefit and long-term outcomes of EFTR in selected patients.
Enabling dynamic network processing with clickOS

Middleboxes are both crucial to today's networks and ubiquitous, but embed knowledge of today's protocols and applications to the detriment of those of tomorrow, making the network harder to evolve. SDNs seek to make it easier to extend the network with new functionality, but most of the research effort has focused on the network's control plane, that is, how packets are switched are routed through a SDN. Given the pervasiveness and importance of middleboxes, we believe that a fully programmable network should also be able to dynamically instantiate and quickly move middlebox functionality. In this paper we shift focus towards making the data plane more programmable by introducing ClickOS, a tiny, Xen-based virtual machine that can run a wide range of middleboxes. ClickOS is small (5MB when running), can be instantiated in very small times (roughly 30 milliseconds) and can fill up a 10Gb pipe while concurrently running 128 vms on a low-cost commodity server.
Effect of Fe infiltration to Ni/YSZ solid‐oxide‐cell fuel electrode on steam/CO2 co‐electrolysis

This study proposes a novel methodology for controlling syngas production from high‐temperature CO2/steam co‐electrolysis. The co‐electrolysis of CO2/steam mixtures is one of the most promising methods to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change. CO2 and steam are reduced to produce synthetic gas (H2 and CO) through thermo‐electrochemical reactions occurring in a solid‐oxide‐cell fuel electrode. To make this technology viable, it is essential to improve electrochemical cell performance and obtain controllability of gas conversion and product gas selectivity. In this study, Fe infiltration to the Ni/YSZ fuel electrode and subsequent in situ alloying of Ni‐Fe is used to enhance the cell performance and syngas productivity. Impregnation of Fe‐oxide nanoparticles on the fuel electrode support of solid oxide cells and subsequent in situ alloying Ni‐Fe is obtained. Their homogeneous morphology and distribution are obtained by using an advanced infiltration technique. Results show that the Ni‐Fe/YSZ fuel electrode enhances CO selectivity and lowers an overvoltage imposed on the cell. This may result in syngas production with higher carbon contents and a higher co‐electrolysis system efficiency. In addition, its long‐term durability for 500‐hour operation is also evidenced with stable syngas production and negligible cell degradation.
Effect of bariatric surgery on liver metabolism -studies using positron emission tomography

Heidi Immonen EFFECT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON LIVER METABOLISM Studies using positron emission tomography University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland Obesity is a significant and increasing health challenge. Obesity is strongly associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In obese individuals, liver insulin resistance is a major factor in the development and pathophysiology of T2D. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for morbidly obese patients. The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of surgery-induced weight loss on glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver, and to understand the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on fatty liver, insulin resistance and T2D. Multimodality imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were utilized to study brain glucose uptake (BGU) and hepatic glucose uptake (HGU), hepatic fatty acid uptake, liver blood flow and liver fat content in morbidly obese patients (n=46) with and without T2D before and six-months after surgery (either sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)). The results were then compared to healthy subjects. Preoperatively, insulin-stimulated HGU was lower in obese patients before surgery as compared to the non-obese controls. HGU increased by 30-40% after surgery as compared to the preoperative situation. Postoperatively, liver fat and endogenous glucose production (EGP) were comparable to lean controls. Before surgery, the liver fatty acid uptake was increased in obese subjects as compared to lean controls and associated with body adiposity. Liver fatty acid uptake decreased after surgery but was still high compared to controls. Portal blood flow (per volume of tissue) was increased after surgery, but as the liver volume decreased along with the surgeryinduced weight loss, the whole organ blood flow was unchanged. A positive association between BGU and EGP during insulin stimulation was found in obese subjects and the association persisted after surgery. High BGU at baseline predicted a smaller improvement in fasting plasma glucose at a 2 and 3 year follow-up. The results of this study suggest that bariatric surgery, either SG and RYGB, is effective in improving hepatic glucose metabolism. The persistence of high fatty acid uptake, despite a normal fat content in the liver, suggests a change in the use of fatty acids from storage to oxidation after surgery. Accelerated portal blood flow may relate to improved liver metabolism after surgery. Moreover, these findings suggest the presence of a brain-liver axis in morbidly obese individuals. This axis might contribute to further deterioration of glucose homeostasis.
Impact of Service Quality and Service Innovations on Competitive Advantage in Retailing

Current competitive environment induced by 4.0 industrial revolution has forced companies to focus on managing service to customer by provide added value to customers, so that it will increase competitiveness. This study aims to find out and analyze impact of service quality and service innovations on competitive advantage. Analysis method is descriptive statistical and Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software. The sampling Technique was purposive sampling with combination cluster proportional stratified random sampling, the instrument to collect the data was questionnaire with manager, supervisor or employee of retailing. The results indicate that the service quality and service innovations impact on competitive advantage.
Monitoring Pupils’ Academic Performance at Home through Parental Participation in Educational Activities: Focus on Public Primary Schools in Ainabkoi Sub-County

Poor performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examinations has often been attributed to a lack of parental participation in children’s academics. The claim that parents are not supportive of their children, especially at home, therefore holds water as researchers have established that parent involvement with their children's homework could have an influence on their academic performance. This paper draws our attention to a study conducted to investigate the influence of parental involvement in school work on pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools in Ainabkoi Sub County, Kenya. Joyce Epstein’s framework of six types of parent involvement guided the study adopting the ex-post facto research design. Targeting 2404 Class 8 pupils and 61 class teachers in Ainabkoi Sub County, the authors drew a sample of 331 class eight pupils through stratified simple random sampling while census approach was employed to involve all the class teachers in the selected schools. The modes of data collection used were questionnaire and interview schedule whose validity was ensured through pilot study and reliability by test-retest technique. Quantitative data was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of percentages, means and chi-square, to test the study hypothesis. It was found out that parental participation in educational activities at home (X2=8.196; p=0.017) had a positive and significant influence on academic performance in public primary schools. Qualitative data was presented thematically. The study recommends that parents should provide their children with the required learning materials, such as supplementary reading complements to improve their academic performance.
Financial Performance Mediation in the Influence of Islamic Corporate Governance Disclosure on the Islamic Social Reporting

The results of the research on the social role of Islamic banks show inconsistency both domestically and abroad; this is the basis for conducting this research to re-explain the Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) relationship, models. This study aims to examine the indirect effect of ICG disclosure on ISR disclosure with financial performance as a mediating variable in Islamic Banking in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data with annual report data sources and financial statements on Islamic banking in Indonesia. They are testing this study using stepwise regression analysis with data for the annual reporting period of 2011 through 2014. The result that financial performance mediates the effect of disclosure of ICG on ISR; this shows that proper management of Islamic banks will produce high financial performance so that they can carry out their social roles well too. The contribution of this study is to develop a new model of the part of financial performance mediating the effect of ICG disclosure on ISR so that it is beneficial for the development of science.
Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

n engl j med 368;1 nejm.org january 3, 2013 82 To the Editor: Thigpen et al. (Aug. 2 issue)1 report that persons who are seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who are receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF–FTC) for preexposure prophylaxis had decreased bone mineral density at 24 months, as compared with those receiving placebo. In HIV-infected cohorts, TDF causes an initial loss of bone density over a period of 6 to 12 months, but there is stable bone density subsequently.2,3 These findings are consistent with other studies that have shown short-term loss of bone density in patients initiating antiretroviral treatment but stable bone density in those already receiving antiretroviral treatment.4 In contrast, Thigpen et al. found the opposite pattern: participants receiving TDF–FTC had relatively stable bone density for 12 months and then lost bone density between 12 and 24 months. The bone-density substudy had a high withdrawal rate, with only 40% of the participants having a bone-density measurement at 12 months and 26% at 24 months. This pattern could occur if participants with either normal bone density on the initial measurement or stable bone density on early serial measurements were more likely to withdraw. Can the authors report the baseline bone-density results and the changes over time among participants who withdrew, as compared with those who completed the study?
Establishing the relative merits of synchronous reluctance and PM assisted technology through systematic design optimization

The paper describes a systematic method for optimally designing with multiple objectives and differential evolution algorithms, current regulated electronically controlled synchronous reluctance machines. A large scale study with thousands of designs calculated with a ultra-fast computationally efficient electromagnetic FEA establishes the performance limitations of conventional radially laminated technology with multiple flux barriers. The potential advantages of employing permanent magnet assisted technology with additional ferrites in the rotor are quantified in terms of substantially improved power factor, specific power, and efficiency. Numerical and experimental results for a 10hp 1,800rpm typical rating are included.
Respon Pertumbuhan Padi Gogo (Oryza Sativa) Kultivar Lokal pada Berbagai Tingkat Kelengasan Tanah

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of the growth of the rice plant (Oryza sativa) local cultivars at different levels of soil moisture. This study uses a randomized complete block design consisting of (1) Cultivars Rice locally as the first factor consisting of (K1) = rice cultivars Ranta, (K2) = rice cultivars njengi and (K3) = rice cultivars Sampara, (2) the level of moisture soil as a second factor consisting of (T1) = The level of moisture the ground 100% (field capacity), (T2) = level of moisture the soil 75%, (T3) = Level moisture soil 50% and (T4) = rate of moisture land 25% , The results showed that the cultivars njengi generating plant height and stem diameter is greater than the other cultivars. Ranta cultivars showed the number of leaves, number of tillers and leaf area were higher than the other cultivars. Soil moisture level of 100% (field capacity) also results in plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf greenness (chlorophyll) and a trunk diameter greater than with other soil moisture levels.
Uncovering CO2 Emissions Patterns from China-Oriented International Maritime Transport: Decomposition and Decoupling Analysis

Given that most commodity transportation depends on the maritime industry, the growing economy and increasing international trade volume are expected to accelerate the development of shipping activities and thus increase associated CO2 emissions. In order to identify the driving factors of CO2 emissions from China’s international shipping and find efficient mitigation strategies, this paper first estimates the CO2 emissions and presents the CO2 emissions features from 2000 to 2017. Second, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method is applied to decompose the changes in CO2 emissions. Finally, the decoupling index is introduced to quantitatively examine the decoupling relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The factors affecting the decoupling relationship are analyzed according to the LMDI results. The results indicate that CO2 emissions in maritime transport activities have experienced rapid growth during the study period. Economic growth appears to be the principal factor driving the CO2 emissions growth, whereas the overall effects of energy intensity and the commodity structure play a significant role in inhibiting CO2 emissions. The decoupling state over the study period has experienced four decoupling stages, with a distinct tendency towards weak decoupling. Economic activity has proven to be the most significant indicator influencing the decoupling relationship during the study period.
Yield losses in off-season corn crop due to stalk rot disease

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess yield losses due to stalk rot in corn (Zea mays) hybrids, as well as to identify the main pathogenic fungi responsible for the disease during the off-season, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Two field experiments were carried out, one with five hybrids, in 2015, and another with four, in 2016. Ears of healthy and stalk rot-infected plants were collected from each plot, at harvest. Ear size, grain and ear weights, and grain moisture content were measured. From each diseased plant, a stalk piece with two to three nodes was removed for pathogen identification and quantification. The most common pathogens were: Fusarium graminearum, Stenocarpella maydis, and Macrophomina phaseolina. All yield parameters were significantly lower in stalk rot-infected plants, with average losses of 30.6%, in 2015, and of 34.3% in 2016. The highest yield losses are observed in hybrids with the highest grain/ear weight ratio.
Field-configurable test structure array (FC-TSA): enabling design for monitor, model and manufacturability

This work is designated to provide a common frame work of test chip design for technology development and process routine monitor, called as field-configurable test structure array (FC-TSA), which can accommodate and test the various types of test structures including transistors, diodes, and resistors. To minimize the probe-pad number and fully utilize area to maximize the area design efficiency, the memory addressing design scheme is implemented to select the device-under-test in a test chip. With the aid of using adjustable channel width of transmission gates, the input resistance of FC-TSA cell can be parameterized and configured to match with the parasitic resistance of various test structures, moreover, the background leakage could be minimized to meet with 1nA design specification. Two types of array test structures, 12/spl times/25 and 40/spl times/25, are implemented with generic logic process to demonstrate the design feasibility. The measurements of transistor set and process monitor test structures are reviewed and corresponding models are discussed.
Tight lower bounds for greedy routing in uniform small world rings

We consider augmented ring-based networks with vertices 0,. ,n-1, where each vertex is connected to its left and right neighbor and possibly to some further vertices (called long range contacts). The outgoing edges of a vertex v are obtained by choosing a subset D of {1,2,. n-1}, with 1, n-1 in D, at random according to a probability distribution mu on all such D and then for each i in D connecting v to (v+i) mod n by a unidirectional link. The choices for different v are done independently and uniformly in the sense that the same distribution mu is used for all v. The expected number of long range contacts is l=E(|D|)-2. Motivated by Kleinberg's (2000) Small World Graph model and packet routing strategies for peer-to-peer networks, the greedy routing algorithm on augmented rings, where a packet sitting in a node v is routed to the neighbor of v closest to the destination of the package, has been investigated thoroughly, both for the "one-sided case", where packets can travel only in one direction, and the "two-sided case", where there is no such restriction. In this paper, for both the one-sided and the two-sided case and for an arbitrary distribution mu, we prove a lower bound of Omega((log n)2/l) on the expected number of hops that are needed by the greedy strategy to route a package between two randomly chosen vertices on the ring. This bound is tight for Omega(1)<=l=O(log n).
Mitotic Disrupter Herbicides

Approximately one-quarter of all herbicides that have been marketed affect mitosis as a primary mechanism of action. All of these herbicides appear to interact directly or indirectly with the microtubule. Dinitroaniline and phosphoric amide herbicides inhibit microtubule polymerization from free tubulin subunits. Because of the loss of spindle and kinetochore microtubules, chromosomes cannot move to the poles during mitosis, resulting in cells exhibiting an arrested prometaphase configuration. Nuclear membranes re-form around the chromosomal masses to form lobed nuclei. Cortical microtubules, which influence cell shape, are also absent, and, as a result, the cell expands isodiametrically. In root tips and other structures that are normally elongated, these herbicides induce a characteristic club-shaped swelling. Pronamide and MON 7200 induce similar effects, except that tufts of microtubules remain at the kinetochore region of the chromosomes. The carbamate herbicides barban, propham, and chlorpropham alter the organization of the spindle microtubules so that multiple spindles are formed. Chromosomes move to many poles and multiple nuclei result. Abnormal branched cell walls partly separate the nuclei. Terbutol induces “star anaphase” chromosome configurations in which the chromosomes are drawn into an area at the poles in a star-like aggregation. DCPA's most dramatic effect is on phragmoplast microtubule arrays. Multiple, branched, and curved phragmoplasts are found after herbicide treatment. These disrupters should prove to be useful tools in investigations of the proteins and structures required for a successful cell division.