Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aalborg Universitet Distribution and symmetrical patellofemoral pain patterns as revealed by high-resolution 3 D body mapping a cross-sectional study

Background: Detailed pain mapping of extent and distribution in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) within and around a complex structure such as the knee has yet to be explored. Methods: Perceptions of on-going pain from adolescents and young adults (N = 35) with long-standing (>10 months) PFP were collected on high-resolution 3D digital body-schema of the knees. Location, area of pain, pain intensity, laterality, worse side of knee pain, symptom duration, and symmetry in bilateral knee pain were recorded. A threshold for naturally occurring variations in symmetrical knee pain drawings were collected from 18 healthy controls and used in combination with the development a symmetry index (0–1) to create a fuzzy rule for classifying symmetrical and non-symmetrical PFP patterns as compared to a PFP expert. The symmetry index was computed and tested using a correlation coefficient alone or in combination with the Jaccard index and the true and false positive rates (TPR and FPR, respectively) determined. Results: The peripatellar region was the common report of pain location however, novel and nonconforming PFP patterns were identified and the majority of individuals (22 of 27) with bilateral PFP expressed highly-symmetric mirror-image pain. Individuals with symptom duration of 5 years or more had a greater area of pain, compared to those with symptoms for less than 5 years. The total area of pain was correlated to symptom duration for those with extended symptoms durations and a progression towards an “O” shaped pattern emerged. A TPR of 100% for identifying symmetrical knee pain patterns was found however the expert PFP tended to be stricter, as reflected in FPR of 20%. Conclusions: A high proportion of PFP patterns or symptoms occur in mirrored locations and are exceptionally symmetrical, and long duration of symptoms appear to converge to an ‘O’ shape. Classifying symmetrical pain patterns is subjective however simple fuzzy rules and correlations can be used to increase objectivity. This study highlights a gap in knowledge of PFP symptom presentation, reveals what may be a natural progression of symptoms, and provides valuable clinical insight for both pain management and treatment.
Growth and persistence of diverse intertidal crusts: survival of the slow in a fast-paced world

Encrusting algae are conspicuous components of hard-substratum benthic communities in the photic zone despite being poor competitors and slow growers. Little is known about their growth rates or about mechanisms controlling key processes such as wound healing and surviving overgrowth. We manipulated 12 crustose species (including red and brown algae and a lichen) from the intertidal zone of Washington, USA, studying their varying responses to identical experimental conditions. Three of 8 crust species tested showed increased growth rates with size. Species healed from standardized wounds at different rates and using different mechanisms (e.g. lateral vs vertical regeneration) as seen in cross-sections. Three species showed altered growth rates at unwounded margins of wounded crusts, suggesting intrathallus communication. Year-long experiments involving simulated overgrowth showed that some species can maintain healthy tissue in a covered area, and one (the coralline Lithothamnion phymatodeum) even grew new tissue there. Other species gradu- ally lost color, thickness, and area in covered areas. Hildenbrandia occidentalis survived remarkably well when covered, possibly due to its very slow growth and low metabolic demand. One suggested mechanism underlying the high variation in responses among crusts is the degree to which their thalli may be anatomically integrated by features such as cell fusions; physiological work testing translo- cation via these features is needed. Other mechanisms allowing persistence include rapid wound healing and frequent recruitment.
Electronic Corpora as Translation Tools: A Solution in Practice

Small bilingual text corpora from a source and target language can be important sources of specialized language tracking for translators. A corpus platform can supplement or replace traditional reference works such as dictionaries and encyclopedia, which are rarely sufficient for the professional translator who has to get a cross-linguistic overview of a new area or a new line of business. Relevant internet texts can be compiled ‘on the fly’, but internet data needs to be sorted and analyzed for rational use. Today, such sorting and analysis can be made by a low-tech, analytical software tool. This article demonstrates how strategic steps of compiling and retrieving linguistic data by means of specific search strategies can be used to make electronic corpora an efficient tool in translators’ daily work with fields that involve new terminology, but where the skills requested to work correspond to being able to perform an advanced Google search. We show the different steps in setting up and working with an ad-hoc corpus, illustrated by means of the software AntConc applied on the SEO area.
Predictor variables of motivation on Spanish master athletes

It is known in the last fifteen years that there is an increase of people in Spain over 35 years old significantly who are often training and competing at several levels in athletics. They are master athletes. There are not National studies about master athletes from Spain and not many are worldwide. Therefore, the objectives of the present research are, firstly, to know their training habits, athletic history and motivations analyzing gender differences; secondly, to set predictive models of their motivations according to their training habits and athletic history. Once results have been analyzed, it was concluded that for Spanish master athletes, both men and women, both training and competition are an important part in their lives. These results could be due to they are practising during a large number of years their specialty on athletics, two hours each session during approximately five days per week, also they are often competing at several levels. Because of the fact that they have a high intrinsic motivation and moderate extrinsic motivation, the most important for them related to their sport was the satisfaction they find improving themselves on training, secondarily, beating rivals at competitions, looking for a medal and, even better, timing a record. These situations fill them with competence feeling and success expectancy.
Microstructure Examination and Strength Characteristics of Effective Microbed Cement

 Abstract— Effective Microorganism (EM) in cement based material has shown huge potential as new additive. However, the effect of EM to the internal of the microstructure of the cement matrix due to the inclusion of EM still needs to be extensively evaluated. In this present study, six (6) different dilutions percentages of EM Mixed Solution (EMMS) were added in the cement paste namely were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of the total mixing wa ter including no addition of EMMS as a control specimen. The result showed that the addition of EMMS in cement paste contribute to high increment up to hundred twenty (120) percent of compressive strength respect to control at the age of 28 days. The microstructure examination had been performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X- ray (EDX) and chemical compound composition using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) on cement paste containing 25% of EM dilution in the total mixing water. SEM micrograph examined that the microbed cement paste was less voids and denser compared to control paste without EM. While, XRD analysis showed the amount of Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 and SiO2 was affected by the EMMS contents in microbed cement.
PHYLOGENETIC AND POPULATION GENETIC ASSESSMENT OFRAFINESQUEâ•ŽS BIG-EARED BAT (CORYNORHINUS RAFINESQUII)

Rafinesque’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) is distributed across the Southeastern United States. Due to habitat loss and low population numbers, this species is a Federal species of concern and protected by every State within its range. Effective management of any species of concern is dependent on an unambiguous understanding of taxonomic relationships. However, for this species, there are discordant inferences about subspecific designations from previous studies. Further, there have been no assessments of population genetic status for this species. Such assessments could provide information on genetic diversity and population connectivity and increase our understanding of the need for management and conservation of this species. Therefore, our goals were to assess population level genetic diversity and connectivity among 5 colonies in Arkansas (139 individuals) and to infer the evolutionary relationships of these bats to C. rafinesquii collected across its distribution (additional 216 individuals). We used mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and 11 microsatellite loci to infer genetic relationships, estimate levels of genetic diversity, and examine population connectivity among 5 colonies in Arkansas. Although we identified two phylogenetically divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages, these correspond to neither current subspecific designation nor nonoverlapping geographical groups. Genetic diversity and population connectivity estimated from mitochondrial DNA was high in Arkansas populations probably due to occurrence of both evolutionary lineages within each colony. However, estimates from microsatellite DNA of genetic diversity, population connectivity, and effective population sizes in these populations were low. Further, our results suggested a weak signal of population bottleneck in Arkansas colonies and low genetic connectivity. Current conservation efforts should continue to focus on protection of roosts and improvement of habitat corridors to connect populations. Citation for proceedings: Loeb, Susan C. ; Lacki, Michael J.; Miller, Darren A. , eds. 2011. Conservation and management of eastern big-eared bats: a symposium. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-145. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 157 p. Published in S. C. Loeb, M. J. Lacki,and D. A. Miller, editors. Conservation and management of eastern big-eared bats: a symposium. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, General Technical Report SRS-145, Asheville, North Carolina.
Nonlinear inversion in TE scattering

A method for reconstructing the complex permittivity of a bounded inhomogeneous object from measured scattered-field data is presented. This paper extends the method previously developed for the TM case to the more complicated TE case. In the TM case, the electric-field integral equation involves an integral operator whose integrand was simply a product of the background Green's function, contrast, and field. In the TE case, the magnetic field is polarized along the axis of an inhomogeneous cylinder of arbitrary cross section and the corresponding integral equation contains derivatives of both the background Green's function and the field. The nonlinear inversion based upon the modified-gradient method as presented in the literature is applied to the magnetic-field equation. However, the integral equation can also be formulated as an electric-field integral equation for the two transversal components of the electric field. Again, the integrand is a product of the background Green's function, contrast, and electric-field vector. The derivatives are operative outside the integral. In this paper, the latter formulation will be taken as a point of departure to develop a nonlinear inversion scheme using the modified-gradient method.
Know Thy Student! Combining Learning Analytics and Critical Reflections to Increase Understanding of Students' Self-Regulated Learning in an Authentic Setting

It is well established that a student's capacity to regulate his or her own learning is a key determinant of academic success, suggesting that interventions targeting improvements in self-regulation will have a positive impact on academic performance. However, to evaluate the success of such interventions, the self-regulatory characteristics of students need to be established. This paper examines the self-regulatory characteristics of a cohort of second-year allied health students, using the evaluation of responses to "meta-learning" assessment tasks supported by access data from the learning management system. Students primarily report using learning strategies from the performance and self-reflection phases. Although few reported using forethought strategies, access to preparatory course materials suggests that these were under-reported. Students who reported reviewing lectures as a learning strategy were more likely to access the online lecture recordings; however, higher access was associated with poorer academic performance. Cluster analysis of all available data showed high academic performance was positively associated with early submission of intra-semester assessment tasks but negatively associated with both use of, and reported of use of lecture recordings by students. These findings suggest that early submission of intra-semester assessment may be useful as a predictor of academic achievement.
Refinement of the crystal structures of realgar, AsS and orpiment, As2S3*

The crystal structures of realgar, AsS and orpiment, As2Sa were refined using diffractometer data. The cell dimensions of realgar are: a = 9.325::J::. 003 A, b = 13.571 ::J::. 005 A, c = 6.587 ::J::. 003 A, {3= 106° 23' ::J::5', and those of Drpiment are: a = 11.475::J:: . 005 A, b = 9.577::J:: . 004 A, c = 4.256::J:: . 002 A, {3 = 90° 41' ::! ::5'. In both cases the space group is P21/n (O~,,). A total of 1525 independent reflections were measured for realgar, and the final R factor was * Contribution no. 224, part 65 on sulfides and sulfosalts. ** CH-3012 Bern, Sahlistr.6 1 T. ITO, N. MORIMOTO and R. SADANAGA, The crystal structure of realgar. Acta Crystallogr. 5 (1952) 775-782. 2 N. MORIMOTO, The crystal structure of orpiment (As2Sa) refined. Min. Journal (Japan) 1 (1954) 160-169. Refinement of the crystal structures of realgar and orpiment 49 0.045 (based on 1205 reflections). For orpiment 836 independent reflections were obtained, and the final R factor was 0.064 (based on 586 reflections). The structures are essentially the same as in the original determinations 1, 2. Realgar has four separate AS4S4 molecules per unit cell, with cradle-like molecular configurations, van der Waals forces being operative between the molecules. The structure of orpiment consists of layers of covalently bonded sulfur and arsenic atoms, lying normal to the (010) direction. Van der Waals forces are responsible for inter-layer cohesion. Bond distances and angles are closely similar in the two structures, the mean As-S bond distances being 2.237 (2) A in realgar and 2.283 (5) A in orpiment.
Single-crystal elasticity of brucite, Mg(OH)2, to 15 GPa by Brillouin scattering

Abstract The second-order elastic constants of brucite were determined by Brillouin scattering to 15 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. The experiments were carried out using a 4:1 methanol-ethanol mixture as pressure medium, and ruby as a pressure standard. Two planes, one perpendicular to the c axis (basal plane) and the other containing the c axis (meridian plane), were measured at room pressure and 10 elevated pressures. Individual elastic stiffnesses, aggregate moduli, and their pressure derivatives were obtained by fitting the data to Eulerian finite strain equations. The inversion yields individual elastic constants of C11 = 154.0(14) GPa, C33 = 49.7(7) GPa, C12 = 42.1(17) GPa, C13 = 7.8(25) GPa, C14 = 1.3(10) GPa, C44 = 21.3(4) GPa, and their pressure derivatives of (∂C11/∂P)0 = 9.0(2), (∂C33/∂P)0 = 14.0(5), (∂C12/∂P)0 = 3.2(2), (∂C13/∂P)0 = 5.0(1), (∂C14/∂P)0 = 0.9(1), (∂C44/∂P)0 = 3.9(1). Aggregate moduli and their pressure derivatives are KS0 = 36.4(9) GPa, G0 = 31.3(2) GPa, (∂KS/∂P)T0 = 8.9(4), (∂G/∂P)0 = 4.3(1) for the Reuss bound, and KS0 = 43.8(8) GPa, G0 = 35.2(3) GPa, (∂KS/∂P)T0 = 6.8(2), (∂G/P)0 = 3.4(1) for the Voigt-Reuss-Hill average. The ratio of the linear compressibility along the c and a axes decreased from 4.7 to 1.3 over the examined pressure range. The shear anisotropy (C66/C44) decreased from 2.6(1) at ambient condition to 1.3(1) with increase of pressure to 12 GPa. Axial compressibilities and a compression curve constructed from our Brillouin data are in good agreement with previous X-ray diffraction data. The increased interlayer interactions and hydrogen repulsion that occurs as brucite is compressed produce a continuous variation of elastic properties rather than any abrupt discontinuities.
VaR and the cross-section of expected stock returns: an emerging market evidence

In this paper we investigate the explanatory power of the market beta, firm size, and the book-to-market ratio, as well as Value-at-Risk regarding the cross-sectional expected stock returns in a less developed stock market - Taiwan's stock market. The main purpose is to examine whether the Value-at-Risk factor has marginal explanatory power related to the Fama-French three-factor model. The empirical results show that Value-at-Risk can account for the average stock returns at both 1% and 5% significance levels based on cross-sectional regression analysis. Moreover, from the perspective of the time series regression, the Value-at-Risk factor can also demonstrate the variation of the stock market, especially for the larger companies in the Taiwan stock market.
Soil Microbial Activity and Biomass as Influenced by Tillage and Fertilization in Wheat Production

Tillage systems and fertilization play an important role in crop growth and soil improvement. This study was conducted to determine the best tillage and fertilization system for wheat production. Experiments were arranged in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008-09 and 2009-10 growing seasons. Main plots consisted of no tillage (T1), minimum tillage (T2) and conventional tillage (T3). Six methods of fertilization including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control were arranged in sub plots. Addition of compost or farm yard manure significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon in comparison with chemical fertilizer. No tillage system increased microbial biomass carbon compared to other tillage systems. The dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the farm yard manure and compost treatments. Urease activity under T1N4 treatment in the two years of our study was the highest of all treatments. N5 treatment had a significant difference with other treatments. The highest rate of grain yield was produced in minimum tillage system.
Modified Lignification in the Cell Walls of Cad Depressed Poplars

Ultraviolet microscopic spectrophotometry was used to investigate lignification in the secondary cell walls of wood fibers and vessel elements from either wild type or transgenic poplars with depressed activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). A distinct shoulder at 330 nm was characteristic of the transgenic poplar. Measurements performed after 1) a mild alkali treatment or 2) areduction with sodium borohydride indicated that this shoulder merely resulted from the occurrence of conjugated carbonyl groups in the lignin polymer rather than alkali-soluble cell wall bound phenolic aldehydes. UV absorbance ratios (A330 /A280) measured in the center of secondary walls in the differentiating xylem clearly showed that the structural changes observed in the lignin polymer of transgenic trees occurred very early during lignin deposition. This suggests that, in poplar trees with low CAD activity, cinnamaldehydes are incorporated into lignin even at the early stages of lignification.
Predicting onset and success of breeding in little penguins Eudyptula minor from ocean temperatures

As is the case for many seabirds, we found that the timing and breeding success of little penguins Eudyptula minor on Phillip Island, southeastern Australia, was associated with sea surface temperature (SST) variation. Using 31 yr of data (1968 to 1998), we examined the correlations be- tween breeding variables and regional SST at different times of the year. The next 9 yr of data (1999 to 2007) were used to test the performance of our statistical predictive models. Egg-laying date, chick mass and the number of chicks fledged per pair were correlated with SST in the first 3 mo of the year prior to breeding, in slightly different ways. SST provided more accurate predictions of mean laying date (53% variance) than of chicks produced per pair (22%) or mean chick mass at fledging (16%). This model predicted an early egg-laying date, higher average chick mass at fledging and a higher number of chicks produced per breeding pair when SSTs in Bass Strait are warmer than average in March. The models presented predict that an increase in SST is likely to lead to a reversal of the trend towards later breeding and suggest improved growth of the colony of little penguins on Phillip Island, at least in the immediate future.
An experimental model: intrauterine adhesion versus subendometrial fibrosis

Background: Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) remain a major cause of infertility. The prevalence of IUA varies geographically and keeps increasing over the last few decades due to increased hysteroscopic surgeries. Therefore, IUA management has received considerable attention. However, the management of IUAs still presents a big challenge: the recurrence rate could be up to 62.5% in severe IUAs. Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) occurs as a result of endometrial destruction by surgical interventions or infection causing obliteration of uterine cavity by the adhesions which interfere with embryonic implantation. Sub endometrial fibrosis may occurs, which causes narrowing of uterine cavity so no enough space for fetal growth. This leads to recurrent abortion. Aim: We aim in this experiment to apply a method for two models of IUA and or fibrosis by intrauterine injections of two different doses of trichloroacetic acid. Method: This experimental study was performed on 30 albino adult rats which were divided into three groups (n=10 rats/group) as follows, group 1: normal control rats, group 2: induced IUA and/or fibrosis that received low dose trichloroacetic acid, group 3: induced fibrosis that received high dose trichloroacetic acid, the extent of fibrosis, vascularization and inflammation were evaluated by; qRTPCR for IL-6, TNF, VEGF and TG-β immunohistochemistry examination for VEGF and TGF-β and histological assessment. Results: We found significant increase in IL-6, TNF and TGF in high dose group and significant decrease in VEGF in high dose group compared to normal group and low dose group (p<0.05). Discussion: The reproductive cells are the most sensitive to toxic environmental materials. In this study, we found that group II rats (IUAs), unlike control rats, had impaired endometrial epithelial cells, a lower number of endometrial glands, higher inflammatory cell infiltration, poor vascularity, and a severe narrowing of the uterine cavity with dense endometrial fibrosis as confirmed by H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining.
THE BURDEN OF HEADACHE DISORDERS

Health priorities must be set in every country around the world. Decision makers need the best available evidence on which to base their decisions. For many years, concerns about quality and comparability of data have been a barrier to providing such evidence. Policy-makers, their public health partners and consumers alike seek rational guides to set priorities for health, to evaluate the outcomes of interventions and health-care reforms, and to monitor changes over time at local, national, regional, or global levels.