Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency distributions of tetracycline‐based measurements: Implications for the interpretation of bone formation indices in the absence of double‐labeled surfaces

The frequency distributions of mineral apposition rate (MAR) and mineralizing surface (MS), measured separately on the intracortical, endocortical, and cancellous surfaces in 46 normal subjects and 79 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, indicated that MAR has a finite lower limit of 0.3 μ/day (uncorrected for section obliquity) but that MS has no finite lower limit. We conclude that in the absence of labels MAR, and indices derived from it, must be treated as missing values, but that MS and indices with MS in the numerator should be allowed to take values of zero. To avoid infinite values for indices with MS in the denominator, we propose that osteoid mineralization rate (the reciprocal of mineralization lag time) and osteoblast vigor (the reciprocal of formation period) be used instead. For surfaces with genuine single labels (SL) but no double labels, we propose that MS is calculated as SL/2 and that for MAR either the lower limit of 0.3 or the mean measured value from other surfaces be used for calculating derived indices.
Surviving infant mortality in the hierarchical merging scenario

We examine the effects of gas expulsion on initially substructured and out-of-equilibrium star clusters. We perform N-body simulations of the evolution of star clusters in a static background potential before removing that potential to model gas expulsion. We find that the initial star formation efficiency is not a good measure of the survivability of star clusters. This is because the stellar distribution can change significantly, causing a large change in the relative importance of the stellar and gas potentials. We find that the initial stellar distribution and velocity dispersion are far more important parameters than the initial star formation efficiency and that clusters with very low star formation efficiencies can survive gas expulsion. We suggest that it is variations in cluster initial conditions rather than in their star formation efficiencies that cause some clusters to be destroyed while a few survive.
The aetiology of acute community acquired bacterial meningitis in children and adults in Maputo, Mozambique.

BACKGROUND Community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infection and many outbreaks have been reported all around the world. METHODOLOGY We analysed 330 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples received over a period of eight months from patients older than one month. Microscopy, cultures, identification, and antigen detection were performed for the positive samples. RESULTS Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b were isolated in 5.4%, 4.8%, and 3.6% of CSF samples respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that N. meningitidis is the most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in Mozambique and that H. influenzae type b was isolated only from children aged younger than six years. This is the first study to provide data on the aetiological agents of acute bacterial meningitis in children and adults in Mozambique.
The Flora of the Hermit Shale in the Grand Canyon, Arizona.

becomes identical with the stationary state curve relating x and log I, and it is this curve which is used in figure 3. Its first differential is given by the curves in figure 2. Further details of this photosensory system are to be found elsewhere.4 It is presented in its bare essentials here, so as to show that the frequency curves forming the basis of the present theoretical treatment of visual acuity are derived from it; and, therefore, that this phenomenon is not isolated, but explainable in terms of a mechanism which has been used for the study of other properties of vision. The complete details of this work will appear in the Journal of General Physiology. 1 A. Koenig, Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur physiologischen Optik, Leipsic, 1903. 2 P. Reeves, Psychological Review, 25, 1918. 3 W. Uhthoff, Archiv Opthalmalogie, 32 (1), 1886. 4 S. Hecht, J. General Physiology, 7, 1924.
The effect of social capital on job satisfaction and quality of care among hospital nurses in South Korea.

AIM To identify the level of social capital and its effect on job satisfaction and self-reported quality of care of nurses working in hospital settings in South Korea. BACKGROUND There are few studies on social capital and its relationship to workplace outcomes in the nursing profession internationally. METHOD A cross-sectional, correlational design was adopted with a convenience sample of 432 nurses from two university-affiliated teaching hospitals in South Korea. RESULTS Nurses' social capital was positively related to job satisfaction and self-reported quality of care. Social capital explained 50% and 24%, respectively, of the variance in job satisfaction and reported quality of care. CONCLUSION By improving social capital, nurses' job satisfaction could be enhanced and result in better quality of care for patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Strategies to improve social capital in nursing organisations are necessary to improve job satisfaction and the quality of care provided by nurses. Nurse managers and administrators should encourage nurse participation in organisational affairs and decision-making processes to improve social capital by developing a trusting work environment with shared values and support nurses who work with peers, superiors, and subordinates.
Role of sTREM-1 in predicting mortality of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives Several studies have investigated the prognostic value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in patients with infection. However, the result was controversial. Thus, the purpose of the present meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic value of the sTREM-1 level in predicting mortality at the initial stage of infection. Methods The literature was searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane databases. A 2×2 contingency table was constructed on the basis of mortality and sTREM-1 levels in patients with infection. 2 authors independently judged study eligibility and extracted data. The prognostic value of sTREM-1 in predicting mortality was determined using a bivariate meta-analysis model. Q-test and I2 index were used to test heterogeneity. Results 9 studies were selected from 803 studies. An elevated sTREM-1 level was associated with a higher risk of death in infection, with pooled risk ratio (RR) was 2.54 (95% CI 1.77 to 3.65) using a random-effects model (I2=53.8%). With the bivariate random-effects regression model, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of sTREM-1 to predict mortality in infection were 0.75 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.86) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.75), respectively. The diagnostic OR was 6 (95% CI 3 to 10). The overall area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.79). When we calculated the sepsis subgroup, the pooled RR was 2.98 (95% CI 2.19 to 4.40). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.74 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.85) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.80), respectively. The overall area under the SROC curve was 0.78 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.81). Conclusions Elevated sTREM-1 concentrations had a moderate prognostic significance in assessing the mortality of infection in adult patients. However, sTREM-1 alone is insufficient to predict mortality as a biomarker.
Computer Aided Screening of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4): A Potential Control for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a life threatening disease and scientists are doing their best to find a cost effective and permanent treatment of this malady. The recent trend is to control the disease by target base inhibiting of enzymes or proteins. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is found to cause five times more risk of diabetes when expressed above average levels. This study was therefore designed to analyze the SFRP4 and to find its potential inhibitors. SFRP4 was analyzed by bio-informatics tools of sequence tool and structure tool. A total of three potential inhibitors of SFRP4 were found, namely cyclothiazide, clopamide and perindopril. These inhibitors showed significant interactions with SFRP4 as compared to other inhibitors as well as control (acetohexamide). The findings suggest the possible treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 by inhibiting the SFRP4 using the inhibitors cyclothiazide, clopamide and perindopril.
Well-Being in Germany: GDP and Unemployment Still Matter

This paper examines regional differences in subjective well-being (SWB) in Germany. Inferential statistics indicate a diminishing but still significant gap between East and West Germany, but also differing levels of SWB within both parts. The observed regional pattern of life satisfaction reflects macroeconomic fundamentals, where labor market conditions play a dominant role. Differing levels of GDP and economic growth have contributed rather indirectly to regional well-being such that the years since the German reunification can be considered as a period of joyless growth. Approximately half of the "satisfaction gap" between East and West Germany can be attributed to differing macroeconomic conditions. Moreover, we argue that it is advisable for governments to collect more data on aspects that presumably influence the well-being of society. For example, it is highly probable that reliable data on regional income inequality would lead to severalimportant and influential studies. This, in turn, can help to design indicators for those characteristics which are known for affecting SWB. In total, we do not perceive any fundamental caveat for using data on SWB in order to measure welfare directly, at least within culturally and linguistically homogenous regions. To reduce statistical uncertainty, however, it would be helpful to include subjective information of this kind into larger cross-sectional surveys such as common census data.
Computer-Mediated Focus Groups

This article discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of computer-mediated (CM) focus groups. The study describes technological and practical considerations the authors learned from conducting such groups and reports on a comparison of the reactions of CM and face-to-face (FTF) participants in focus groups discussing academic dishonesty. The results suggest that the CM environment, in comparison to FTF, may lessen members' concern about what the moderator thinks of them and discourage participants from withholding embarrassing information. The article concludes with a list of suggestions for this technique and a discussion of the potential advantages and limitations associated with CM focus groups.
Management Considerations for an Information Center

This paper discusses what should be done in setting up an Information Center as part of an Information Systems group within a business organization. The Information Center is defined, including a user's viewpoint. Three key areas--the mission, organization and position, and staffing--are addressed. A procedure on how to initiate the center is presented. In general, the paper shows what an Information Center environment can be and how it might fit into a business organization.
Les décompensations liées au travail : analyse comparative entre la Suède et la France de la prise en charge thérapeutique : entre la psychodynamique du travail et le paradigme du stress

L'objet de cette recherche porte sur une etude comparative concernant les theories et les pratiques de prise en charge de la souffrance au travail en Suede et en France. L'etude permet dans un premier temps de mettre en evidence les references theoriques et conceptuelles en Suede et la France en matiere de la sante au travail. Cette etape cherche a faire un comparatif entre les theories en Suede fortement marques par les modeles de stress et la tradition scientifique en Ile-de-France centree par la psychopathologie du travail. Dans un second temps la recherche vise a faire le lien entre la theorie et la pratique dans la prise en charge de la souffrance au travail entre la Suede et la France. La methodologie de recherche consistait a mener une enquete portant sur 42 personnes travaillant dans la prise en charge de la souffrance au travail, en France et en Suede. Ces enquetes visaient a discerner la realite de la pratique sur le terrain. L'interpretation des resultats permettait de faire une confrontation des pratiques, notamment celles de la psychodynamique du travail et des modeles de stress afin de pouvoir effectuer des comparatives des avantages des forces et faiblesses de chaque dispositif.
Psychological Adjustment in a Forensic Sample: Relationship with Approach‐ and Avoidance‐Coping Typologies

Abstract: Most studies that relate coping strategies with psychological symptoms usually consider a single coping dimension. This means that interpretation of the results is unclear and only partially true as subjects activate different types of coping strategies simultaneously when faced with a stressor. The objective of the present study is to analyze the relationships between coping and psychopathology in young inmates, taking into account the number of approach and avoidance answers simultaneously. The results show that the inmates with above‐average scores in avoidance coping and below average in those of approach (coping responses inventory—adult form, [CRI‐A]) show higher symptomatology (MMPI‐2) than the inmates who obtain above‐average scores in both avoidance and approach strategies. It can be deduced that it is not the high use of avoidance coping that is related to psychopathology, but rather the combined use of many avoidance strategies and few approach strategies. The convenience of jointly taking into account both types of coping is discussed.
Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interferon-γ Induce Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis through STAT1-mediated Bim Protein Activation*

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by local inflammation (insulitis) in the pancreatic islets causing β-cell loss. The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is regulated by the balance and interaction between Bcl-2 members. Here we clarify the molecular mechanism of β-cell death triggered by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ. The combination of TNF-α + IFN-γ induced DP5, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and Bim expression in human islets and rodent β-cells. DP5 and PUMA inactivation by RNA interference partially protected against TNF-α + IFN-γ-induced β-cell apoptosis. DP5 knock-out mice had increased β-cell area, and isolated islets from these mice were resistant to cytokine exposure. Bim expression was transcriptionally regulated by STAT1, and its activation triggered cleavage of caspases. Silencing of Bim protected rodent and human β-cells to a large extent against TNF-α + IFN-γ, indicating a major role of this BH3-only activator protein in the mechanism of apoptosis. Our data support a highly regulated and context-dependent modulation of specific Bcl-2 members controlling the mitochondrial pathway of β-cell apoptosis during insulitis.
Factors Affecting the Use of Management Accounting Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Indonesia

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute to the development of both developed and developing countries economy. Nevertheless, the focus of the studies in management accounting field is still in the developed countries. Studies on the adoption of management accounting practices (MAPs) in developing countries are still too little. This study explores the level of adoption of MAPs in SMEs sector in one of the developing countries in Indonesia. This study also examines factors which may affect the extent of use of MAPs in SMEs. Logistic regression is applied to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses. It is observed that qualification of internal accounting staffs, participation of owner/manager, and size of the firm significantly affect the use of MAPs in SMEs. The paper serves as a stepping stone to the research in the fields of management accounting and organizational design in Indonesian SMEs.
Use of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 for the repair of subchondral defects in articular cartilage in goats.

The objective of this pilot study was to examine in vivo the potential of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1, also called bone morphogenetic protein-7, BMP-7) for treatment of subchondral lesions by induction of new hyaline cartilage formation. Subchondral left knee defects in 17 mature goats were treated with fresh coagulated blood mixed with (1) rhOP-1 combined with collagen (OP-1 device, 400 microgram/mL); (2) rhOP-1 alone (OP-1 peptide, 200 microgram/mL); (3) OP-1 device with small particles of autologous ear perichondrium; (4) OP-1 peptide with small particles of autologous ear perichondrium; or (5) autologous ear perichondrium alone (controls). rhOP-1 was combined with either collagen (OP-1 device) or not (OP-1 peptide). The defects were closed with a periosteal flap. The formation of cartilage tissue was studied by histologic and biochemical evaluation at 1, 2, and 4 months after implantation. One and 2 months after implantation there were no obvious differences between control and rhOP-1-treated defects. Four months after implantation, only one out of three controls (without rhOP-1) showed beginning signs of cartilage formation while all four rhOP-1-treated defects were completely or partly filled with cartilage. A significant linear relationship was found between rhOP-1 concentration and the total amount of aggrecan in the defects. These results suggest that implantation of rhOP-1 promotes cartilage formation in subchondral defects in goats at 4 months after implantation. Therefore, rhOP-1 could be a novel factor for regeneration of cartilage in articular cartilage defects.
The Integrative Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Comprehensive Review and Perspectives

Background: Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and disabling illness. Notwithstanding numerous advances in the pharmacological treatment of depression, approximately 70% of patients do not remit after first-line antidepressant treatment. Methods: The MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov electronic databases were searched from inception to October 1, 2013, for randomized controlled trials (RCT), relevant open-label trials, meta-analyses and ongoing trials of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Results: Switching to a different antidepressant is a useful option following nonresponse to a first-line agent. Although widely used in clinical practice, there is limited evidence to support antidepressant combination for TRD. Notwithstanding evidence for lithium or T3 augmentation to be successful in TRD, most studies were carried out when participants were treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). Of the available strategies to augment the response to new-generation antidepressants, the use of some atypical antipsychotics is best supported by evidence. Several novel therapeutic options are currently discussed. Evidence suggests that cognitive therapy (CT) is an effective strategy for TRD. Conclusions: The success of switching to a different antidepressant following a first-line agent is supported by evidence, but there is limited evidence for effective combination strategies. Lithium and T3 augmentation of TCA have the strongest evidence base for successful treatment of TRD. The use of augmentation of newer-generation antidepressants with atypical antipsychotics is supported by a growing evidence base. Current evidence supports CT as an effective strategy for TRD. There is a need for additional large-scale RCT of TRD. The development of new antidepressants targeting novel pathways opens a promising perspective for the management of TRD.
The Value of Bosses

How and by how much do supervisors enhance worker productivity? Using a company-based data set on the productivity of technology-based services workers, we estimate supervisor effects and find them to be large. Replacing a boss who is in the lower 10% of boss quality with one who is in the upper 10% of boss quality increases a team’s total output by more than adding one worker to a nine-member team would. Workers assigned to better bosses are less likely to leave the firm. A separate normalization implies that the average boss is about 1.75 times as productive as the average worker.
Risk of lymphoma in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis

Abstract Objective: To provide accurate estimates of the risk of lymphoma in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Design: Comparison of observed and expected incidence of cancer in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Subjects: 976 patients aged 4 to 97 years with no clinical signs of coeliac disease who were admitted to hospital between 1963 and 1983. Setting: Data from Swedish Cancer Registry. Main outcome measures: Incidence and type of cancer. Results: 106 cancers were diagnosed in 94 patients. The relative risk was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.7) in male patients and 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) in female patients. When the individual cancer sites were analysed a significant risk was found only for malignant, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in male patients, with a relative risk of 5.4 (2.2 to 11.1). Conclusions: The risk of lymphoma is greater in male patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, and this calls for increased surveillance in these patients.
The conserved U.G pair in the 5' splice site duplex of a group I intron is required in the first but not the second step of self-splicing

Group I self-splicing introns have a 5' splice site duplex (P1) that contains a single conserved base pair (U.G). The U is the last nucleotide of the 5' exon, and the G is part of the internal guide sequence within the intron. Using site-specific mutagenesis and analysis of the rate and accuracy of splicing of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron, we found that both the U and the G of the U.G pair are important for the first step of self-splicing (attack of GTP at the 5' splice site). Mutation of the U to a purine activated cryptic 5' splice sites in which a U.G pair was restored; this result emphasizes the preference for a U.G at the splice site. Nevertheless, some splicing persisted at the normal site after introduction of a purine, suggesting that position within the P1 helix is another determinant of 5' splice site choice. When the U was changed to a C, the accuracy of splicing was not affected, but the Km for GTP was increased by a factor of 15 and the catalytic rate constant was decreased by a factor of 7. Substitution of U.A, U.U, G.G, or A.G for the conserved U.G decreased the rate of splicing by an even greater amount. In contrast, mutation of the conserved G enhanced the second step of splicing, as evidenced by a trans-splicing assay. Furthermore, a free 5' exon ending in A or C instead of the conserved U underwent efficient ligation. Thus, unlike the remainder of the P1 helix, which functions in both the first and second steps of self-splicing, the conserved U.G appears to be important only for the first step.