Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late Functional Changes Post–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Are Related to Community Reentry Support: Results From the PariS-TBI Cohort

Objectives: To explore late functional changes after a traumatic brain injury and their relation to patients' characteristics and reentry support. Design: Prospective follow-up of an inception cohort of adults with severe traumatic brain injury recruited in 2005-2007 in the Parisian area, France. One and 4-year assessments were performed by trained neuropsychologists. One-to-4-year change in the Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended defined 3 groups: “improvement,” “stability,” and “worsening. ” Relationships between these groups and patients' characteristics were analyzed. Results: Among 504 recruited patients and 245 four-year survivors, 93 participated in both evaluations. Overall Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended improved by 0.4. Forty percent of the sample improved, 44% were stable, and 16% worsened. Being in a more unfavorable group was related to preinjury alcohol abuse and to higher anxiety and depression at 4 years. Attendance to a specialized community reentry unit was related to higher chances of being in the “improvement” group in univariate analyses and after adjustment for age, time to follow command, preinjury alcohol and occupation, and mood disorders (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.6 [1.1-20]). Conclusion: Late functional changes were related to psychosocial variables and to reentry support. The effect of reentry support on late recovery needs to be confirmed by further investigations.
Twenty-five years of active laser prevention of scars: What have we learned?

Abstract Background and objectives: Cosmetic results after skin surgery are essential for patient satisfaction. Since 1983, different lasers have been used to accelerate and improve the healing process in surgical scars. This article aims to review the different laser therapies available for preventive treatment of scars. Methods: A Medline literature search was performed on laser scar prevention with cross-referencing. Results: Different lasers have been used for the preventive treatment of scars. Both the pulsed dye laser (PDL) (585 and 595 nm) and laser-assisted skin healing (LASH) (810 nm) provide excellent results. The mechanism of action, side effects and clinical applications are carefully reviewed in this article. Ease of the procedure, practical application of the laser and price of the therapy are then discussed for both types of laser. Conclusion: Two different lasers have mostly been used for the preventive treatment of scars. It appears that the use of laser energy in the early phase of the healing process is critical in the improvement of the resulting scar. More research is still warranted to understand the mechanisms of action potentially leading to scarless healing. Finally, the widespread, routine use of this technique will largely depend on the ease of use of the system.
Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma With Malignant Transformation

We report here a case of ectopic pituitary adenoma with malignant transformation after repeated relapses. First, an ectopic pituitary adenoma producing follicle-stimulating hormone was found in the nasal cavity extending to the frontal cranial fossa. Despite repeated surgical resections of the tumor, it recurred three times in 2 years. The tumor gradually showed cellular atypia, mitosis, and necrosis. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MIB-1 increased progressively. Moreover, the expression of p53 was detected at the second recurrence. Finally, at the third recurrence the tumor showed dissemination to the subarachnoid space and multiple metastases in the brain. The patient died of the tumor 10 months after the last resection. These findings indicate that the ectopic pituitary adenoma became malignant. To our knowledge, this is the first report on malignant transformation of ectopic pituitary adenoma. It is important to know that ectopic pituitary adenomas show malignant transformation and that the above parameters (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MIB-1, and p53) may be useful indicators of the malignant potential of both ectopic and sellar pituitary tumors.
Mapping the Visual Recognition Memory Network with PET in the Behaving Baboon

By means of a novel 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose PET method designed for cognitive activation imaging in the baboon, the large-scale neural network involved in visual recognition memory in the nonhuman primate was mapped for the first time. In this method, the tracer is injected in the awake, unanesthetized, and unrestrained baboon performing the memory task, and brain imaging is performed later under light anesthesia. Brain maps obtained during a computerized trial-unique delayed matching-to-sample task (lists of meaningless geometrical patterns and delay > 9 seconds) were statistically compared pixel-by-pixel to maps obtained during a specially designed visuomotor control task. When displayed onto the baboon's own anatomic magnetic resonance images, foci of significant activation were distributed along the ventral occipitotemporal pathway, the inferomedial temporal lobe (especially the perirhinal cortex and posterior hippocampal region), and the orbitofrontal cortex, consistent with lesion, single-unit, and autoradiographic studies in monkeys, as well as with activation studies in healthy humans. Additional activated regions included the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the globus pallidus and the putamen. The results also document an unexpected left-sided advantage, suggesting hemispheric functional specialization for recognition of figural material in nonhuman primates.
The efficacy of topical royal jelly on healing of diabetic foot ulcers: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Foot ulcers are major sources of morbidity in individuals with diabetes mellitus. As royal jelly (RJ, a worker honey bee product) contains enzymatic, antibacterial and vasodilative properties, it can potentially help in healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical RJ on healing of DFUs. Diabetic patients with foot ulcers who were referred to us at Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were managed by offloading, infection control, vascular improvement and debridement (if required). Then, all ulcers were randomly selected to receive either 5% sterile topical RJ or placebo on their total surface area. Patients were followed for 3 months or until complete healing. Twenty‐five patients (6 females and 19 males) and a total of 64 ulcers were included and randomly allocated to case or control group (32 per group). Four ulcers were excluded and 60 ulcers included in the final analysis. Healing parameters including depth, length and width reduction rate, duration of complete healing and incidence of complete healing did not show any significant difference (P = 0·69, 0·95, 0·7, 0·74 and 0·6, respectively) between groups. We did not observe any side effect of topical RJ application. This study could not confirm any significant superiority of 5% topical RJ over placebo for the treatment of DFUs.
Therapeutic efficacy of bilateral prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease: An open study

Recent studies have suggested that both high‐ and low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have antidepressant effects in patients with major depression. We conducted an open study to assess the effects of slow rTMS on mood changes in patients with depression associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten depressed patients with PD (four with major depression and six with dysthymia) received daily sessions of rTMS (frequency, 0.5 Hz; pulse duration, 0.1 msec; field intensity, 10% above the motor threshold) over both prefrontal regions (a total of 100 stimuli per prefrontal region daily) over 10 consecutive days. This treatment resulted in a moderate but significant decrease in scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (33–37%) and the Beck Depression Inventory (24–34%), which persisted 20 days after finishing the stimulation. In parallel, we observed mild improvement (18–20%) of motor symptoms. No significant adverse effects were reported. These preliminary results suggest the therapeutic potential of daily prefrontal low‐frequency rTMS (0.5 Hz) in depression associated with PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Next‐generation transgenic cotton: pyramiding RNAi and Bt counters insect resistance

Summary Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are extensively cultivated worldwide. To counter rapidly increasing pest resistance to crops that produce single Bt toxins, transgenic plant ‘pyramids’ producing two or more Bt toxins that kill the same pest have been widely adopted. However, cross‐resistance and antagonism between Bt toxins limit the sustainability of this approach. Here we describe development and testing of the first pyramids of cotton combining protection from a Bt toxin and RNA interference (RNAi). We developed two types of transgenic cotton plants producing double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) from the global lepidopteran pest Helicoverpa armigera designed to interfere with its metabolism of juvenile hormone (JH). We focused on suppression of JH acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), which is crucial for JH synthesis, and JH‐binding protein (JHBP), which transports JH to organs. In 2015 and 2016, we tested larvae from a Bt‐resistant strain and a related susceptible strain of H. armigera on seven types of cotton: two controls, Bt cotton, two types of RNAi cotton (targeting JHAMT or JHBP) and two pyramids (Bt cotton plus each type of RNAi). Both types of RNAi cotton were effective against Bt‐resistant insects. Bt cotton and RNAi acted independently against the susceptible strain. In computer simulations of conditions in northern China, where millions of farmers grow Bt cotton as well as abundant non‐transgenic host plants of H. armigera, pyramided cotton combining a Bt toxin and RNAi substantially delayed resistance relative to using Bt cotton alone.
Twelve-Months Follow-up in Forty-Nine Patients With Acute/Semiacute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures Treated Conservatively or With Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A Clinical Randomized Study

Study Design. Clinical randomized study. Objective. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is compared to conservative treatment in patients with acute or subacute osteoporotic vertebral fractures with respect to pain, physical and mental outcomes. The risk of vertebral fractures adjacent to treated levels is assessed. Summary of Background Data. There are some disagreements of the benefits of PVP for the treatment of acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures, but the long-term clinical outcome of PVP compared to conservative treatment has not been evaluated in a randomized study. Methods. The 3-months follow-up of this study has been published previously, and here we report the completed 12-months analysis. About 50 patients (41 females) were included from January 2001 until January 2008. Patients with vertebral fractures less than 8 weeks old were included and randomized to either PVP or conservative treatment. Pain was assessed with a visual analogue scale. Physical and mental outcomes were assessed by validated questionnaires and tests. Tests, questionnaires, and plain radiographs were performed at the inclusion and after 3 and 12 months. Results. Pain score before and after the operation in the PVP group was 7.9 and 2.0, respectively. There was no difference between the groups concerning pain at the 3- and 12-months follow-up. Supplementary assessment of back pain 1 month after discharge from hospital showed a significant lower VAS score in the PVP group over the conservative group. In the study period, 2 adjacent fractures in the PVP group and no adjacent fractures in the conservative group were registered. Conclusion. PVP is a good treatment for some patients with acute/subacute painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures, but the majority of fractures will heal after 8 to 12 weeks of conservative treatment with subsequent decline in pain. The risk of new fractures needs further research.
Monte Carlo docking with ubiquitin

The development of general strategies for the performance of docking simulations is prerequisite to the exploitation of this powerful computational method. Comprehensive strategies can only be derived from docking experiences with a diverse array of biological systems, and we have chosen the ubiquitin/diubiquitin system as a learning tool for this process. Using our multiple‐start Monte Carlo docking method, we have reconstructed the known structure of diubiquitin from its two halves as well as from two copies of the uncomplexed monomer. For both of these cases, our relatively simple potential function ranked the correct solution among the lowest energy configurations. In the experiments involving the ubiquitin monomer, various structural modifications were made to compensate for the lack of flexibility and for the lack of a covalent bond in the modeled interaction. Potentially flexible regions could be identified using available biochemical and structural information. A systematic conformational search ruled out the possibility that the required covalent bond could be formed in one family of low‐energy configurations, which was distant from the observed dimer configuration. A variety of analyses was performed on the low‐energy dockings obtained in the experiment involving structurally modified ubiquitin. Characterization of the size and chemical nature of the interface surfaces was a powerful adjunct to our potential function, enabling us to distinguish more accurately between correct and incorrect dockings. Calculations with the structure of tetraubiquitin indicated that the dimer configuration in this molecule is much less favorable than that observed in the diubiquitin structure, for a simple monomer‐monomer pair. Based on the analysis of our results, we draw conclusions regarding some of the approximations involved in our simulations, the use of diverse chemical and biochemical information in experimental design and the analysis of docking results, as well as possible modifications to our docking protocol.
What Can We Learn About Mental Health Needs From Tweets Mentioning Dementia on World Alzheimer’s Day?

Although dementia is predominantly a neurological disorder, it has profound mental health implications for both those living with the condition and those who care for them. One in nine people over the age of 65 suffers from Alzheimer’s disease, and more than 15 million caregivers provide these individuals with more than 18 billion hours of unpaid care annually. This number will continue to grow as the baby boomer generation ages (Alzheimer’s Association, 2016). Developing novel research strategies to support and strengthen population-level cognitive aging is urgently needed. With the advancement of smartphones and improved software usability, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have become easier to use and now even penetrate the lives of older adults. Approximately 35% of adults over the age of 65 and 51% of adults between the ages of 50 and 64 use social media (Perrin, 2015). Researchers in social science and humanities domains are rapidly applying emerging analytic techniques to gather population-level insights from social media data. Common big data analytic strategies include (1) sentiment analysis to uncover tendencies of emotional learnings of populations, (2) topic modeling to detect topics discussed among social media users, and (3) social network analysis to discover macro and meso level of users’ interaction behavior (Yoon & Bakken, 2012; Yoon, Elhadad, & Bakken, 2013). Because the elderly are now using social media, data mining can provide insights about population-level cognitive aging. Almost 70 studies regarding social media use and mental health have been published in English in the past 5 years. The studies describe social media as (1) a monitoring tool for mental health conditions (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2016; McIver et al., 2015; Prieto, Matos, Alvarez, Cacheda, & Oliveira, 2014; Toseeb & Inkster, 2015; Whitehill, Brockman, & Moreno, 2013; Yin, Fabbri, Rosenbloom, & Malin, 2015) or sensing population-level emotion (Larsen et al., 2015; Rodrigues, das Dores, Camilo-Junior, & Rosa, 2016; Settanni & Marengo, 2015; Yang & Srinivasan, 2016); (2) a platform for peer support (Martínez-Pérez, de la Torre-Díez, BargielaFlórez, López-Coronado, & Rodrigues, 2015; Naslund, Aschbrenner, Marsch, & Bartels, 2016) and mental health education (Peek et al., 2015). The scope of most studies has been limited to a few mental illnesses such as depression (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2016; Jelenchick, Eickhoff, & Moreno, 2013; Morgan, Jorm, & Mackinnon, 2013; Reavley & Pilkington, 2014; Whitehill et al., 2013). Research applying novel analytic techniques has seldom been conducted on the broad landscape of cognitive aging or dementia. Therefore, our study sought to explore the contents and user interactions of tweets mentioning dementia to gain insights for dementia care.
Profiling of aerosol microphysical properties at several EARLINET/AERONET sites during the July 2012 ChArMEx/EMEP campaign

Abstract. The simultaneous analysis of aerosol microphysical properties profiles at different European stations is made in the framework of the ChArMEx/EMEP 2012 field campaign (9–11 July 2012). During and in support of this campaign, five lidar ground-based stations (Athens, Barcelona, Bucharest, Evora, and Granada) performed 72 h of continuous lidar measurements and collocated and coincident sun-photometer measurements. Therefore it was possible to retrieve volume concentration profiles with the Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC). Results indicated the presence of a mineral dust plume affecting the western Mediterranean region (mainly the Granada station), whereas a different aerosol plume was observed over the Balkans area. LIRIC profiles showed a predominance of coarse spheroid particles above Granada, as expected for mineral dust, and an aerosol plume composed mainly of fine and coarse spherical particles above Athens and Bucharest. Due to the exceptional characteristics of the ChArMEx database, the analysis of the microphysical properties profiles' temporal evolution was also possible. An in-depth analysis was performed mainly at the Granada station because of the availability of continuous lidar measurements and frequent AERONET inversion retrievals. The analysis at Granada was of special interest since the station was affected by mineral dust during the complete analyzed period. LIRIC was found to be a very useful tool for performing continuous monitoring of mineral dust, allowing for the analysis of the dynamics of the dust event in the vertical and temporal coordinates. Results obtained here illustrate the importance of having collocated and simultaneous advanced lidar and sun-photometer measurements in order to characterize the aerosol microphysical properties in both the vertical and temporal coordinates at a regional scale. In addition, this study revealed that the use of the depolarization information as input in LIRIC in the stations of Bucharest, Evora, and Granada was crucial for the characterization of the aerosol types and their distribution in the vertical column, whereas in stations lacking depolarization lidar channels, ancillary information was needed. Results obtained were also used for the validation of different mineral dust models. In general, the models better forecast the vertical distribution of the mineral dust than the column-integrated mass concentration, which was underestimated in most of the cases.
Capacity analysis and system optimization for the forward link of multi‐beam satellite broadband systems exploiting adaptive coding and modulation

This paper proposes a methodology for designing and optimizing the performance of adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) schemes for the forward link of unicast satellite broadband networks. The proposed technique of general applicability is based on the overall system capacity maximization conditioned on meeting a certain service area coverage for a given outage probability. The paper first derives in detail the method for computing the Shannon‐based capacity of a multi‐beam satellite system adopting ACM. Then the link efficiency is optimized under different physical layer constraints allowing a more realistic system performance assessment. Finally, to exemplify the methodology application and to quantify the ACM system performance improvement capabilities a study case corresponding to a Ka‐band state‐of‐the‐art bent pipe satellite network is provided. The example illustrates the very substantial capacity gain offered by state‐of‐the‐art adaptive modulation and coding schemes utilization compared to current broadband satellite system design approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between malocclusion and behavioral, demographic and socioeconomic variables: a cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds.

OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the prevalence and the severity of malocclusion have increased over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between malocclusions, such as open bite and crossbite, and behavioral, demographic and socioeconomic variables in a sample of 5-year-old children attending preschools. METHODS The random sample consisted of 728 preschool children attending 22 public (n = 428) and 18 private (n = 300) preschools. A calibrated examiner performed the epidemiological examination outdoors, under natural light, using dental mirror and CPI probe. Information on socioeconomic status and the presence of deleterious oral habits was collected by a questionnaire sent to parents. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The deleterious oral habits were observed in 83.1% of the children and were significantly associated with social class. Pacifier use (OR = 21.71), thumb sucking (OR = 4.72); atypical swallowing (OR = 7.35) and mouth breathing (OR = 4.65) were risk indicators for open bite. Pacifier use (OR = 1.59), lip interposition (OR = 1.78), mouth breathing (OR = 1.96) and gender (OR = 1.88) were risk indicators for crossbite. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors, such as the presence of deleterious oral habits as well as social class, play an important role in identifying children with open and/or crossbite.