Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on the Optic Nerve Head Analysis of Migrainous Women

Purpose: To determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on the optic nerve head topographic analysis of normally menstruating migrainous women.Material and Methods: Randomly selected one eye of 44 migrainous and 49 healthy control women with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study. All subjects underwent complete ocular examination. Optic nerve head topographic analysis were performed using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, HRT II (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II, software version 1.6; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). They were repeated for two times during the menstrual cycle: in follicular phase (7th to 10th day of the cycle) and in the luteal phase (days 3 to 4 before the menstrual bleeding). Serum estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone measurements were repeated at each menstrual phase. Results: The mean age of migrainous and control subjects were 31.5 ± 5.1 years and 33.4 ± 3.7 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Their mean disc areas were 2.26 ± 0.46 mm2 and 1.95 ± 0.39 mm2, respectively (P < 0.05). Control subjects did not demonstrate any difference in the disc topography (P > 0.05). The parameter rim volume decreased, while the parameters cup volume and cup shape measure increased significantly in the luteal phase of the migrainous women (all P values < 0.05). Mean intraocular pressure of the migrainous women decreased significantly in luteal phase (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant differences exist in the optic rim and cup parameters during the menstrual cycle of the migrainous women. Further clinical trials on ocular blood flow changes during the menstrual cycle of the migrainous women may highlight the role of sex steroids in the optic nerve head of the migrainous women.
Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction in late pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Although not yet registered for such use, misoprostol has been widely used for obstetric and gynaecological indications, such as induction of abortion and of labour. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of vaginal misoprostol for third trimester cervical ripening or induction of labour. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and reference lists of articles were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing vaginal misoprostol with other methods of cervical ripening or labour induction, placebo or no treatment in women due for third trimester induction of labour. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality assessment and data extraction were done by both reviewers. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included. Compared to placebo, misoprostol was associated with increased cervical ripening (relative risk of unfavourable or unchanged cervix after 12 to 24 hours with misoprostol 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.61). It was also associated with a reduced need for oxytocin (relative risk 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.96). Misoprostol was more effective than prostaglandin E2 for labour induction (relative risk of failure to achieve vaginal delivery in 24 hours 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.79). Oxytocin augmentation was used less often with misoprostol than with prostaglandin E2 (relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.71). Uterine hyperstimulation and meconium stained liquor were more common with misoprostol than with prostaglandin E2. Lower doses of misoprostol compared to higher doses did not show significant differences except for more need for oxytocin augmentation and less uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Vaginal misoprostol appears to be more effective in inducing labour than conventional methods of cervical ripening and labour induction. The apparent increase in uterine hyperstimulation is of concern. The studies were not large enough to exclude the possibility of rare but serious adverse effects.
IS/IT strategy does matter: An empirical evidence from hospitality industry

The hospitality industry in Indonesia continues to experience growth from year to year. Along with this development, the use of information technology, which is the basis of the information system, should be considered as a very useful tool to survive in the competition in the hospitality industry. Previous studies have widely discussed the role of information systems at the strategic level. Including the assertion of Nicholas Carr that is “IT Doesn't Matter”. This assertion need to be tested by the extent to which the maturity of the use of information systems through its elements could affect the company's strategic performance measured from the five perspective of Kaplan's Business Balanced Scorecard in the hospitality sector in Indonesia. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to managers of 3 stars hotels in Jakarta. Data obtained was further analyzed using multiple regression analysis. This study verifies that the maturity of information systems in general have a significant relationship with organizational performance both financial and non-financial. The contribution shows from 30 % to 60 %, contrary to the Carr's assertion of no strategic contribution of IT on the companies.
Bilateral hypodontia is more common than unilateral hypodontia in children with Down syndrome: a prospective population-based study.

BACKGROUND In individuals with simple hypodontia, congenital absence of teeth commonly affects just one tooth of a pair, not both. However, patterns of hypodontia have not been fully explored in children with Down syndrome (DS). OBJECTIVE We describe the frequency and left-right symmetry of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of 8- to 9-year-old Norwegian children with DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was part of a national prospective study evaluating upper airway function, hearing, dental, and craniofacial characteristics in a cohort of children with DS born in 2002. The cohort consisted of 29 children with DS and represented 57 per cent of all children born with DS in Norway in 2002. Hypodontia was assessed using panoramic and/or dental radiographs. Data were collected prospectively at TAKO-Centre, National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway. RESULTS Hypodontia of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, was found in 61.5 per cent of the 26 children included in the final sample. Among the 16 children with hypodontia, 75.0 per cent were missing two or more permanent teeth. Two children (7.7 per cent) had severe hypodontia (oligodontia). The teeth most often missing were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular second premolars and maxillary second premolars. Most (68.9 per cent) cases of hypodontia occurred bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the children with DS were missing one or more permanent teeth. Unlike in the general population, bilateral hypodontia was more common than unilateral hypodontia in this sample of children with DS.
Role of protein phosphomannosylation in the Candida tropicalis–macrophage interaction

Candida tropicalis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for mucosal and systemic infections. The cell wall is the initial contact point between a fungal cell and the host immune system, and mannoproteins are important components that play key roles when interacting with host cells. In Candida albicans, mannans are modified by mannosyl-phosphate moieties, named phosphomannans, which can work as molecular scaffolds to synthesize β1,2-mannooligosaccharides, and MNN4 is a positive regulator of the phosphomannosylation pathway. Here, we showed that C. tropicalis also displays phosphomannans on the cell surface, but the amount of this cell wall component varies depending on the fungal strain. We also identified a functional ortholog of CaMNN4 in C. tropicalis. Disruption of this gene caused depletion of phosphomannan content. The C. tropicalis mnn4Δ did not show defects in the ability to stimulate cytokine production by human mononuclear cells but displayed virulence attenuation in an insect model of candidiasis. When the mnn4Δ-macrophage interaction was analyzed, results showed that presence of cell wall phosphomannan was critical for C. tropicalis phagocytosis. Finally, our results strongly suggest a differential role for phosphomannans during phagocytosis of C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
Examining the Professional, Technical, and General Knowledge Competencies Needed by Beginning School-Based Agricultural Education Teachers.

The philosophy behind the kind of teacher education one receives affects the preparedness of beginning agricultural education teachers. The purpose of this philosophical study was to examine and summarize the professional knowledge, technical knowledge, and general knowledge competencies needed in a comprehensive teacher education program to prepare beginning school-based agricultural education teachers. Sixteen professional knowledge competencies, three technical knowledge competencies, and 16 general knowledge competencies were derived from the literature. The authors hope the competencies complied in this inquiry will spur philosophical discussions regarding the coursework and experiences provided by an agricultural teacher education program.
The Richness and Reach of Wikinomics: Is the Free Web-Based Encyclopedia Wikipedia Only for the Rich Countries?

In this paper, a model of the patterns of correlation in Wikipedia, reach and richness, lays the foundation for studying whether or not the free web-based encyclopedia Wikipedia is only for developed countries. Wikipedia is used in this paper, as an illustrative case study for the enormous rise of the so-called Web 2.0 applications, a subject which has become associated with many golden promises: Instead of being at the outskirts of the global economy, the development of free or low-cost internet-based content and applications, makes it possible for poor, emerging, and transition countries to compete and collaborate on the same level as developed countries. Based upon data from 12 different Wikipedia language editions, we find that the central structural effect is on the level of human development in the current country. In other words, Wikipedia is in general, more for rich countries than for less developed countries. It is suggested that policy makers make investments in increasing the general level of literacy, education, and standard of living in their country. The main managerial implication for businesses, that will expand their social network applications to other countries, is to use the model of the patterns of correlation in Wikipedia, reach and richness, as a market screening and monitoring model.
Genetic and environmental influences on negative life events from late childhood to adolescence.

This multiwave longitudinal study tested two quantitative genetic developmental models to examine genetic and environmental influences on exposure to negative dependent and independent life events. Participants (N = 457 twin pairs) completed measures of life events annually from ages 9 to 16. The same genetic factors influenced exposure to dependent events across time and increased in magnitude during the transition to adolescence. Independent events were less genetically influenced than dependent events in boys, but not girls. Shared environmental influences decreased in magnitude as youth transitioned into adolescence. Nonshared environmental influences were mostly age specific and contributed significantly to both types of events at all ages. Results provide theoretical implications for developmental risk pathways to stress exposure and stress-related psychopathology.
The effects of avoidance on cytotoxic/suppressor T cells in women with cervical lesions

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between avoidant and intrusive ideation about cancer risk and immune responses among women with mild cervical dysplasia. Participants were 54 women undergoing diagnostic follow‐up (i.e. colposcopy) for an abnormal Pap smear test result. Baseline assessments, collected prior to the colposcopy appointment, included demographic and medical history, levels of depression, and the intrusion and avoidance subscales of the Revised Impact of Events Scale. In addition, a sample of blood was obtained at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up for immune assessments. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that higher levels of cognitive and behavioral avoidance at baseline predicted a significantly lower percentage of circulating cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (CD3+/CD8+) at 6‐month follow‐up, after controlling for baseline levels of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells and potential confounding variables (e.g. age, smoking status). Baseline intrusive ideation was unrelated to changes in percentage of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Avoidant ideation, but not intrusive ideation or depression, appears to be associated with alterations in immunologic measures in women with cervical lesions. The findings suggest that it may be important to evaluate the impact of cognitive and behavioral avoidance on progression of precancerous cervical lesions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiannual decrement of nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton cell size in a Mediterranean reservoir

Reservoirs are primary water resources for many uses in the Mediterreanean region and need dedicated studies for understanding the complexity of their dynamics particularly vulnerable to local and global stressors. This study focused on phytoplankton variations in relation to seasonal environmental changes on a multiannual time scale (2006–2015) at a Mediterranean eutrophic reservoir (Bidighinzu Lake, Italy) belonging to the Italian, European and International Long Term Ecological Research networks. Phytoplankton cell density, volume and biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations were analysed together with meteo-climatic, hydrological, physical and chemical variables to detect trends and correlations. The period under study was also compared with previous years to assess the presence of significant differences in the environmental and planktonic compartments. Multiannual changes were more pronounced in summer than in the other seasons during the decade under study. The most conspicuous environmental changes were a significant decrease in summer nutrient concentrations in the reservoir and a simultaneous anthropic pressure reduction in the watershed. In addition, the mixing zone and euphotic zone ratio also increased. Multiannual changes in summer phytoplankton composition consisted of an increased density of smaller Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae, which replaced larger species of the same phytoplankton classes. This resulted in opposite trends of total phytoplankton cell density (increasing) and mean phytoplankton cell volume (decreasing) over the study years. The nutrient decrement was statistically the strongest environmental driver of the phytoplankton changes observed in the reservoir. However, the mixing zone and the euphotic zone ratio and water temperature also significantly affected the multiannual phytoplankton variations. Therefore, we conclude that the success of small cell-sized phytoplankton in Bidighinzu Lake was most probably due to the synergic interactions of more environmental forces related to changing anthropic pressures and climate variability. Our results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of reservoirs in the Mediterranean basin, especially in semi-arid regions where the need and scarcity of high quality water will be further exacerbated due to the global climate change.
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: risk factors for hospitalization.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in hospitalized patients in order to identify risk factors for hospitalization and, consequently, for the worsening of the disease. METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted between March and December of 2010. The data were collected from the Brazilian Ministry of Health National Case Registry Database. We included only patients (inpatients and outpatients) in whom H1N1 infection was confirmed (via laboratory testing) during the study period. The variables regarding demographic and clinical characteristics were statistically evaluated in order to compare the hospitalization rates in the presence or absence of these factors. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We included 4,740 patients with laboratory confirmation of H1N1 infection. Of these, 1,911 individuals were hospitalized, and 258 (13.5%) died. The risk factors for hospitalization were age (20-29 years), African or Indigenous ethnicity, presence of specific comorbidities (heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, hemoglobinopathy, immunosuppression, diabetes, obesity, puerperium, and smoking), a high number of comorbidities, and specific symptoms (dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting, chest pain, hemoptysis, pneumonia, and wheezing). Higher levels of education and early use of oseltamivir were found to be protective factors. Hospitalization contributed to an increase in survival. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics that can be associated with hospitalization, disease severity, and mortality can be helpful in the adoption of preventive measures, as well as in the early diagnosis and treatment of disease, which might contribute to the reduction in the numbers of hospitalizations and deaths.
Rapamycin stimulates viral protein synthesis and augments the shutoff of host protein synthesis upon picornavirus infection

The immunosuppressant drug rapamycin blocks progression of the cell cycle at G1 in mammalian cells and yeast. We recently showed that rapamycin inhibits both in vitro and in vivo cap-dependent, but not cap-independent, translation. This inhibition is causally related to reduced phosphorylation and consequent activation of 4E-BP1, a repressor of the function of the cap-binding protein, eIF4E. Two members of the picornavirus family, encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus, inhibit phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. Since translation of picornavirus mRNAs is cap independent, inhibition of phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 could contribute to the shutoff of host protein synthesis. Here, we show that rapamycin augments both the shutoff of host protein synthesis and the initial rate of synthesis of viral proteins in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus.
Deposition of Zinc Oxide on Different Polymer Textiles and Their Antibacterial Properties

A surface modification of polyamide 6 (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) textiles was performed using zinc oxide to obtain antibacterial layer. ZnO microrods were synthesized on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a nucleus centers by chemical bath deposition (CBD) process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that wurzite ZnO microrods were obtained on every sample. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Liquid Absorption Capacity (LAC) analysis indicate that the amount and structure of antibacterial layer is dependent on roughness and wettability of textile surface. The rougher and more hydrophilic is the material, the more ZnO were deposited. All studied textiles show significant bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A possible mechanism and difference in sensitivity between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to ZnO is discussed. Considering that antibacterial activity of ZnO is caused by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, an influence of surface to volume ratio and crystalline parameters is also discussed.
Information Flow And Trading Dynamics: A Theoretical Approach

This paper constructs a theoretical mixture of distributions model to describe the impacts of permanent fundamental, transitory fundamental, and non-fundamental shocks on returns, volatility and volume. Under the assumption that informed traders share homogenous fundamental information, we find that only contemporaneous noise trading contributes to the generation of trading volume. This theoretical model provides us with three identifying restrictions that can be readily imposed on a trivariate SVAR model to empirically estimate the impacts of the three shocks on returns, volatility, and volume. Using this model, we find that Microsoft stock prices are not very sensitive to noise trading.
The study of disease pattern of various clinical classes of hemophilia in South Gujarat area, India

Background: Haemophilia is one of the most severe bleeding disorder. Seventy-five per cent of the global haemophiliacs live in developing countries, where probably only one in five cases is diagnosed, and there is little or no care available. Haemophilia as a disease and its management has a large impact on the community, including social integration and economics. Inability to be an active part of society and high cost of the medical care make this disease an important problem for all haemophilic patients.Methodology: a cross-sectional study, conducted over a period of one and half year. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was taken before starting the study. Information was gathered through personal interview of the patient’s guardian with the help of predesigned questionnaires. Special emphasis was given to past history of bleeding. For each specific symptom/ specific site a detailed history and relevant details was taken and number of episodes of each symptom or number of episodes of involvement of a specific site was written.Observations: Out of 75 patients of haemophilia; 8 (10.7%) were Mild haemophilic, 17 (22.7%) were moderate haemophilic; and 50 (66.7%) were severe haemophilic. Most common site for spontaneous bleeding was muscle where 121 (25%) episodes of bleeding were reported, followed by knee joint 97(20%), and Ankle 79 (16.3%). The commonest site for traumatic bleeding was muscle where 201 (24.7%) episodes of bleeding were reported, followed by knee joint 175 (21.5%), Ankle 143 (17.6%) and Elbow joint 83 (10.2%). Site with highest duration of bleeding was intracranial for 6 days.Conclusion: Frequency of traumatic dental and nasal bleeds was significantly higher in mild class as compared to moderate and severe classes. In severe category Knee, ankle, elbow and muscle were the commonest site where traumatic bleeding. There was no significant difference in bleeding frequencies at various sites in moderate and severe cases, whether spontaneous or traumatic bleed.