Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic jurisprudence and responsivity: Finding the will and the way in offender rehabilitation

Correctional systems worldwide are currently undergoing a shift towards rehabilitation. Underpinning rehabilitation are the principles of risk, need, and responsivity. Responsivity includes internal responsivity (offender characteristics) and external responsivity (staff and setting characteristics). The responsivity principle has been neglected in the literature. While contemporary psychological theories of offender rehabilitation address internal responsivity, they do not address external responsivity, particularly in relation to the impact of the law. Therapeutic jurisprudence as a legal theory provides the opportunity to complement psychological theory and to address responsivity in offender rehabilitation. Therapeutic jurisprudence utilizes psychological knowledge to determine ways in which the law can enhance individual well-being. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a psycholegal approach to offender rehabilitation. Psychological approaches can be applied to motivate offenders and provide them with the opportunity to make informed decisions about participation in rehabilitation programmes. However, this approach will not succeed without harnessing correctional staff as legal actors and potential therapeutic agents. A cognitive--behavioural model of an organizational culture change towards rehabilitation is proposed. In this endeavour “the will and the way” in both offenders and staff can be harnessed to maximize the therapeutic effects of the law.
Non-traumatic acute paraplegia caused by cervical disc herniation in a patient with sleep apnoea

A 57-year-old man with obstructive sleep apnoea presented with acute progression of myelopathy into paraplegia resulting from cervical disc herniation at C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels. There was no associated history of trauma. Rapid progress to paraplegia from non-traumatic cervical disc herniation rarely occurs. Diagnostic and treatment modalities are discussed. The possible relationship between cervical myelopathy and sleep apnoea is also discussed.
PEER INSTRUCTION IN THE PHYSICS CLASSROOM: EFFECTS ON GENDER DIFFERENCE PERFORMANCE, CONCEPTUAL LEARNING, AND PROBLEM SOLVING

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer instruction (PI) on performance, gender gap, conceptual learning and problem solving in physics. The students enrolled in two sections of a physics course were selected; one section was treatment group (TG) and the other section was control group (CG). 42 students in TG were instructed with PI whereas 56 students in CG were instructed with conventional instruction. Data were collected using Force Concept Inventory, final examination problems, and students’ opinions about the instruction. The results indicated that PI had more positive effect on students’ conceptual learning and problem solving than conventional instruction. The conceptual learning with PI did not show any statistically significant difference between female and male students in TG. However, the quantitative problem solving performance after PI revealed that male students performed better than female students. The female and male students’ conceptual learning and problem solving performance did not change noticeably in CG. The students in TG also changed their perspective on solving a problem and understanding a concept. They found the method helpful to connect the quantitative solution with related concepts. Key words: conceptual learning, gender gap, peer instruction, physics education, problem solving.
Do Bidders Gain in Related Acquisitions? Some Evidence from UK

This study examines the performance of related bidders over short- and long-term horizons. Acquisitions are examined between companies within the same industry from a sample of completed UK takeovers between 1994 and 1998. Performance is compared to unrelated acquisitions and also size and industry control portfolios. We also examine the effects of form of financing and the preferred method of payment by larger and smaller related bidders. It is found that related takeovers occur mainly in underperforming industries. Significant differences are found in long-horizon performance with regard to bidder size and also the method of payment.
Diffusive flux modelling of lead migration from black polyethylene bags into food: A case study of green bananas ( Matooke)

Mathematical modeling allows a shift away from expensive and time consuming migration analysis. The primary aim of this study was to compare two alternative expressions, Fick’s law and Fokker-Planck’s law, and gain insight of the diffusive flux migration profiles of lead (Pb) from polyethylene bags (of 30 µ) to Matooke at distances of 0 to 1.5, 1.6 to 3.0 and 3.1 to 4.5 cm, was measured at cooking times of 1, 2 and 3 h under three holding temperatures of 65, 90 and 100°C. The tendency of Fick’s law and Fokker-Planck’s law to over predict the actual Pb migration was checked using the migration estimation model. In general, it was noted that lead flux is higher at 100°C for cooking time of 3 h and also, the predicted Pb concentration is less than the measured Pb concentration, indicating that the migrant estimation model is not overestimating the Pb migration. Herein, the study makes three conclusions. First, the performance of both the Fickian model and Fokker- Planckian model is comparable under the conditions investigated. Second, high temperature and long exposure time combinations are synonymous with higher lead concentration migration when compared to low temperature and long exposure time scenarios. Third, lead concentrations are higher at surfaces in contact with the black polyethylene bags and lower at the centroid of the food. Future works should focus on model validation to test model robustness. Key words: Modeling, migration, food safety, lead contamination, matooke, polyethylene bags, temperature.
Effects of climate change and land management on soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon leaching in northwestern Europe

Abstract. Climate change and land management practices are projected to significantly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching from soils. In this modelling study, we adopted the Century model to simulate past (1906–2012), present, and future (2013–2100) SOC and DOC levels for sandy and loamy soils typical of northwestern European conditions under three land use types (forest, grassland, and arable land) and several future scenarios addressing climate change and land management change. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the Century model has been applied to assess the effects of climate change and land management on DOC concentrations and leaching rates, which, in combination with SOC, play a major role in metal transport through soil. The simulated current SOC levels were generally in line with the observed values for the different kinds of soil and land use types. The climate change scenarios result in a decrease in both SOC and DOC for the agricultural systems, whereas for the forest systems, SOC is projected to slightly increase and DOC to decrease. An analysis of the sole effects of changes in temperature and changes in precipitation showed that, for SOC, the temperature effect predominates over the precipitation effect, whereas for DOC the precipitation effect is more prominent. A reduction in the application rates of fertilisers under the land management scenario leads to a decrease in the SOC stocks and the DOC leaching rates for the arable land systems, but it has a negligible effect on SOC and DOC levels for the grassland systems. Our study demonstrated the ability of the Century model to simulate climate change and agricultural management effects on SOC dynamics and DOC leaching, providing a robust tool for the assessment of carbon sequestration and the implications for contaminant transport in soils.
Towards healthy lifestyle - Personal values and health-related motive orientations in relation to exercise behaviour

The central goal of this study is to improve understanding of habitual exercise behaviour. First, personal values are linked to individual‟s health-related motive orientations (HRMO), and may offer insights into how to promote better any health-related behaviour (e.g., healthy eating, regular exercise, or stress-relieving activities). Second, this paper addresses the effects of personal values on habitual exercise behaviour via two mediators, HRMO and attitude toward exercising, and may provide deeper understanding of the underlying motivations of individuals for regular exercise. Third, this study investigates the independent effects of HRMO on exercise behaviour via attitude toward exercising, checking also if these relationships are moderated by individual‟s regulatory focus
Examination of Turkish Junior High-School Students’ Perceptions of the General Problem-Solving Process

This study aimed to determine Turkish junior high-school students’ perceptions of the general problem-solving process. The Turkish junior high-school students’ perceptions of the general problem-solving process were examined in relation to their gender, grade level, age and their grade point with regards to the science course identified in the study. The study included 604 junior high-school students who study at eight different schools. A perception scale about problem solving was used as the data collection tool. The study’s method was the survey model. The results from the data analysis revealed that Turkish junior high-school students had a positive perception of the general problem-solving process. It was seen that the perception of the students regarding their problem-solving skills was at a high level but that their willingness and determination regarding the problem-solving process was at a medium level. The results revealed that perceptions of the general problem-solving process of female students, students with a lower grade level, younger students and students who were more successful in the science course were significantly more positive than those of other students.
An Application of Hedonic Pricing Analysis to the Case of Hotel Rooms in Taipei

This study investigates the impact of a variety of attributes or ‘characteristics’ on the rates charged for hotel rooms in Taipei. The authors employ a ‘hedonic pricing’ method and use data obtained for 73 hotels from an Internet travel agent. The results show that hotel location, the availability of LED TV and the presence of conference facilities have significant effects on both weekday and weekend room rates. By contrast, Internet access and the presence of a fitness centre have significant effects on weekday rates only, while room size has a significant effect on weekend rates only. Of particular interest, given the results obtained in earlier work, is that in Taipei there is a negative relationship between proximity to the city centre and room rates, both on weekdays and at weekends.
Meat quality of heat stressed broilers: effects of thermal conditioning at pre- and -postnatal stages.

Summary This study was conducted to investigate the effects of exposure of eggs to heat during incubation and heat conditioning chicks at 5 d on the meat quality of broilers reared under heat stress. The 1,000 eggs used in this experiment were obtained from younger (YBB, 28 wks) and older (OBB, 58 wks) broiler breeders from the same genetic stock. Eggs were randomly divided into two incubation temperature groups. 1). Standard (SInc) where eggs were incubated at 37.8oC from d 1 to 18 of incubation; 2). High (HInc) where eggs were heated at 39.6oC for 6 h daily from d 10 to 18 of incubation. At hatch, chicks were placed into 36 floor pens and chicks from 12 pens (3 pens/parent age/incubation temperature) were heat-conditioned (Cond) at 5 d of age for 24 h. At 21 d of age, 3 pens/parent age/incubation temperature were kept as controls (C), and the remaining broilers (including group Cond) were heat stressed (HS) daily from 21 to 49 d and then slaughtered. After postchilling, samples of pectoralis muscle were taken and pH, colour, thawing, and cooking loss and shear force were measured. Breeder age interacted with incubation and rearing temperatures and influenced meat quality. Age of breeder was significant for meat colour and pH, with meat from YBB broilers less light, redder, and less yellow with higher pH. HInc increased L* and b* values but decreased a* values in meats from OBB broilers. In the YBB group, pH was lower for HS broilers and the pH of meats of Cond and C broilers were similar. Although incubation temperature had no effect on cooking loss from YBB broilers, cooking loss from OBB broilers was decreased by HInc. Rearing temperature affected cooking loss with meat from YBB broilers being lower than that for broilers reared at HS.
Gender Wage Differences in West Germany: A Cohort Analysis

A comprehensive descriptive analysis of gender wage differences over a long time period is missing for West Germany. Using an empirical approach which takes into account explicitely changes of wage distributions for both males and females as well as life-cycle and birth cohort effects, we go beyond conventional decomposition techniques of the average gender wage gap. The paper provides some stylized facts of the level and dynamics of the gender wage gap from 1975 - 1995. The empirical analysis is based upon the IAB-Beschaftigtenstichprobe. Our findings confirm the importance of distributional effects relating to skill level and employment status. While life-cycle wage growth is in general much lower for females compared to males, comparing their estimated time trends implies that the gender wage gap has narrowed substantially in the lower part of the wage distribution especially for low-and medium-skilled females but much less so in the upper part of the wage distribution. Surprisingly, we do not find any cohort effects for wages of female employees.
The expression profile of D 4 H and DAT genes in Catharanthus roseus in response to drought , salinity and salicylic acid

Catharanthus roseus L. is an important medicinal plant producing several terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) such as vincristine and vinblastine secondary metabolites with anticancer activity. The TIAs biosynthetic pathways are affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study the effect of drought (7 days), salinity (150 mM NaCl), foliar spray of salicylic acid (10-5 M) and salicylic acid in combination with drought and salinity were investigated separately on the expression of desacetoxyvindoline4-hydroxylase D4H and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyl transferase DAT, two late vincristine and vinblastine biosynthetic pathway genes. RNA samples were extracted from leaves and cDNAs were synthesized from all samples and used for analysis in Real time PCR. Data analysis based on Ct curves showed that the expression of these genes increased by the application of abiotic stresses. The maximum increases in the mRNA levels of D4H and DAT genes (537% and 440%, respectively) were noted in plants exposed to drought stress in comparison to the control condition. Also, the results showed that the effects of salinity, drought + salicylic acid and salinity + salicylic acid stresses were positive on the increase of D4H and DAT genes expression in comparison to the control plants. Salicylic acid treatment caused a slightly higher gene expression than in control and other treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of abiotic stresses has a significant role in increasing the expression of genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of vincristine and vinblastine alkaloids.
The Stability of Micronutrients in Fortified Food Stuffs

Salt was fortified by potassium iodate in the level 66 mg/kg of salt with wet method of fortification. Then the iodized salt was stored using three packaging materials; low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and woven high density polyethylene (WHDPE) at two conditions: room temperature (20-25°C) and medium RH (50-60%) for about 6 months and accelerated temperature (40°C) and high Relative Humidity (RH) (70-100%) for about 18 days. Generally, the amount of iodine decreased with time (p 0.05). When the amount of iron was evaluated after processing (baking bread), the result was found to be non-significantly different. In addition, the sensory quality scores of the 30 and 40 ppm iron fortified bread were above moderately liked scale and were not different from the bread made from the control. Key words: Fortification, salt, wheat flour, micronutrients, iron, iodine, storage, relative humidity, temperature, packaging materials, processing, sensory evaluation.
How moderate sea states can generate loud seismic noise in the deep ocean

The location of oceanic sources of the micrometric ground displacement recorded at land stations in the 0.1–0.3 Hz frequency band (“double frequency microseisms”) is still poorly known. Here we use one particularly strong noise event in the Pacific to show that small swells from two distant storms can be a strong deep‐water source of seismic noise, dominating temporarily the signals recorded at coastal seismic stations. Our interpretation is based on the analysis of noise polarization recorded all around the source, and the good fit achieved for this event and year‐round between observed and modeled seismic data. The model further suggests that this is a typical source of these infrequent loud noise bursts, which supports previous inconclusive evidences of the importance of such sources. This new knowledge based on both modeling and observations will expand today's limits on the use of noise for climate studies and seismic imaging.
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF 28KDA ANTIOXIDANT PROTEIN FROM TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L) Research Article

A 28 kDaglyco protein isolated, purified and characterized from boiling water extract of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) and named as BGS-Haridrin. The protein showed sharp single peak in RP-HPLC with a retention time of 32.6 min. The apparent molecular weight of BGS-Haridrin was w28 kDa showed in SDS PAGE and MALDI/MS analysis. BGS-Haridrin scavenged hydroxyl, DPPH radicals, superoxide radicals 76-82 % about and inhibited lipid peroxidation about 78% at a maximum dosage of 0.9 nM concentration when compared to BHA, Curcumin (400 µM) and α-tocopherol (400µM). BGS Haridrin effectively protects H 2O 2 (100µM) induced cell death in human peripheral lymphocytes. Further BGS-Haridrin prevents H 2O 2 (1mM) caused calf thymus DNA damage as evidenced by agarose gel electrophoresis. In summary, the results represent in vitro
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF AQUACULTURE INVESTMENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

This study aims to analyze, from a technical and ec onomic point of view, the choice between alternative investments in aquaculture under condit ions of risk and uncertainty. In particular, a comparative analysis has been conducted between an inshore and an offshore farm producing European sea bass in the Mediterranean Sea. The app lied model refers to the theory of subjective probability, assigning a different probability to e xpected incomes during the investment period. Resul ts show an economic convenience of inshore with respect to offshore farming.
Application of SENSE to fMRI Studies of Higher Cognitive Functions

C. F. Schmidt, N. Degonda, K. Henke, P. Boesiger Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Division of Psychiatry Research, Psychaitric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Synopsis: This study investigates the application of the SENSE technique to fMRI studies exploring higher cognitive functions. Especially regions exhibiting pronounced susceptibility distortions might profit from the reduction of in-plane artifacts due to shorter echo-trains. A learning task was used to specifically activate the medial temporal region. This region is of high clinical interest; however, it is difficult to assess by fMRI due to susceptibility distortions. Different SENSE factors were tested and compared with respect to image quality, activation sensitivity in areas of interest and SFNR. A SENSE reduction factor of 2.0 is determined the most advisable choice.
Decay and return of internal solitary waves with rotation

The effect of rotation on the propagation of internal solitary waves is examined. Wave evolution is followed using a new rotating extension of a fully nonlinear, weakly nonhydrostatic theory for waves in a two-layer system. When a solitary wave solution of the nonrotating equations is used as the initial condition, the wave initially decays by radiation of longer inertia-gravity waves. The radiated inertia-gravity wave always steepens, leading to the formation a secondary solitary-like wave. This decay and reemergence process then repeats. Eventually, a nearly localized wave packet emerges. It consists of a long-wave envelope and shorter, faster solitary-like waves that propagate through the envelope. The radiation from this mature state is very weak, leading to a robust, long-lived structure that may contain as much as 50% of the energy in the initial solitary wave. Interacting packets may either pass through one another, or merge to form a longer packet. The packets appear to be modulated, fully nonline.
Examining the Extent to Which Socialist Curriculum Development and Implementation in Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2004 Took Place through the History Curriculum

Abstract This study sought to examine how socialist curriculum development and implementation took place in Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2004 through the History curriculum. Grounded in the qualitative research tradition, a semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from nine secondary schools. For data analysis emerging themes were identified through content analysis of the interview transcripts. From the findings, positive indications are that unacceptable racist content was removed from the national curriculum. Under constraints, the concept of socialism was not clearly understood by the implementers, there was a shortage of resources for implementation support and no public debate seems to have been initiated to seek public views on the new curriculum and the modalities for its implementation. The study recommends adequate training of teachers, provision of adequate human, financial and material resources to support curriculum reform and increased stakeholder participation in curriculum development.
Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Infrastructure

We examine optimal policy of a host developing country towards a foreign firm that can provide local infrastructure. In the main model, two types of infrastructural goods, one provided by the foreign firm and the other by a publicly owned firm, are complementary inputs for a domestic competitive final goods sector. We show that, due to strategic interaction between the infrastructure providers, average-cost pricing, though inferior for the consumer, is superior to marginal-cost pricing from an overall welfare perspective. In addition, when the home firm maximises profit, domestic surplus is maximised, but the domestic consumer loses from this.