Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual dimorphism in stature of adult Northern Nigerians

The present study investigated sexual dimorphism in stature (height) of a population of northern Nigerians resident in the Ilorin Township. The study population comprised two hundred and fifty (250) young adults; this consisted of 150 males and 100 females, aged 18 –29 years. In each subject, height was measured using the Avery height and weight scale; from the data obtained, absolute and relative sex difference in stature were extrapolated. A value of 5.5% was obtained for relative sex difference in stature of the study population; this indicates that northern Nigerians have the least sexual dimorphism in stature when compared to the values of 5.9% and 5.7% earlier reported for western and eastern Nigerians respectively. The regional variation in sex dimorphism in stature of adult Nigerians, as observed in this study, was possibly due to a combination of nutritional, socio-economic and genetic factors. Keywords : sexual dimorphism in adult stature The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences Vol. 13(1) 2006: 33-35
Imaging features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Objective To investigate the imaging features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 22 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST)proven pathologically were retrospectively analyzed.Results Endophytic masses were displayed in 4 patients,exophytic masses in 19 patients,and exo-and endophytic masses in 3 patients.The images from the gastrointestinal radiography displayed the filling defect mass and the local mucosal fold that was pressed,pushed or even destroyed.The CT imaging showed uniform or inhomogenous tumors with calcification or necrosis and cystic changes.The enhanced CT scanning displayed different enhancements of the lesions and the enhancements were stronger in venous phase than in arterial phase.Ultrasonographical images indicated solid or cystic-solid masses with moderate-or low-level echo.Conclusion The menifestations on the images of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are helpful to diagnose the disease.
Influence of refrigeration or freezing on human milk macronutrients and energy content in early lactation: Results from a tertiary centre survey.

Background Neonates with severe conditions that cannot be breastfed should receive fresh or preserved expressed human milk in addition to parenteral nutrition. Objective To identify the time during lactation when the macronutrients provide maximum energy and evaluate the effect of refrigeration and freezing. Methods We analyzed the composition of fresh milk, refrigerated at +4°C and frozen at -20°C, expressed by mothers of 60 preterm and 30 term infants from a level III maternity, in colostrum, transitional, and mature milk. Results In fresh milk, the protein level constantly decreases during lactation, with a significant difference after 3 weeks of lactation. Preterm milk of day 21 and day 30 had significantly lower protein than term milk (1.27 versus 1.43 g/dL, P=0.015 and 1.13 versus 1.28 g/dL, P=0.001). Refrigeration for 72 hours of term milk decreased protein content less than freezing. Preterm colostrum has significantly less protein after 48 hours of refrigeration or freezing. Preterm milk from day 60 lost carbohydrates if refrigerated 72 hours or frozen for 2 months. Lipids in preterm colostrum decrease after 8 weeks of freezing. Refrigeration for up to 72 hours did not change significantly the energy value of colostrum or transitional milk. Freezing preterm milk more than 2 weeks leads to significant loss of energy. Conclusions Milk frozen for more than 2 weeks contains less protein and energy than milk refrigerated for up to 72 hours. In the absence of milk bank access, in common settings, short-term refrigeration is preferable to long-term freezing.
Determinants of health care expenditure in a decentralized health care system

Lien Nguyen, Unto Hakkinen, Markku Pekurinen, Gunnar Rosenqvist, Hennamari Mikkola. Determinants of health care expenditure in a decentralized health care system. National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Discussion Papers 21/2009. Helsinki 2009. This paper casts a different light on the relationship between income and the municipal tax rate, while investigating the determinants of per capita total health expenditure in Finland. Two 2-way fixed-effects models are estimated applying a simple two-stage estimation procedure to municipality-level panel data (N = 415) for the period 1993–2004. Key determinants of per capita total health expenditure were the proportion of elderly, the rate of disability pensions, the employment-to-population ratio, the municipal tax rate, the state reimbursements of prescription medicines and private dental care, income, and population density. The hospital districts were statistically significantly associated with health expenditure. Both measures of income elasticity were small (0.045 and 0.020), implying that public health care is a major necessity good. The findings suggest that the high use of prescription medicines has resulted from increased population morbidity and that local tax rates have been used as a method of financing local services.
Application of data mining techniques for understanding capital structure of Brazilian companies

The capital structure decision is related to the adoption of strategies for the choice of financing sources for the own capital and the thirty party capital. Numerous studies were developed aiming at clarifying the adoption of those strategies. This paper aims to identify attributes that influence the decision of capital structure through an exploratory data analysis using records of Brazilian companies of open capital. The financial companies were not included in this study. Thus, it is expected to achieve new information on this process of knowledge discovery through statistical and data mining techniques, such as linear regression, robust regression and neural networks, in order to get a better assessment of the financing strategies employed by companies. The data analysis was made in two stages employing as dependent variables the onerous debt and the equity degree of financial leverage. The database consists of companies on BOVESPA classified by economic sectors in the period from 1996 to 2006. The results suggest that the explanatory variables of financial leverage are: economic sector; return on equity; return on assets; immediate liquidity; general liquidity and assets turnover.
Management of cholesteatoma complications: Our experience in 145 cases

Objectives: To assess the incidence, clinical features, diagnosis and treatm ent of complications of cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (CCOM) seen in the ENT/Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosova, Prishtina. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of the medical records of patients with complications of CCOM who had undergone surgical treatment at the ENT Clinic of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo for the period time of 1994 to 2011. Results: From a total of 2765 patients suffering from COM, 502 (18.08%) had cholesteatoma. From this group, in 145 patients had complications. The mean age was 30 years. Eighty-two (56.55%) cases had extracranial complications (ECC) and 49 patients (33.79%) intracranial complications (ICC). For the ECC cases, we found that subperiostal mastoid abscess occurred in 25%, facial nerve palsy was seen in 13% and labyrinthine fistula in 9.6 %. For the ICC cases, meningitis (12%) and perisinusal abscess (11%) were the most common complications. The most frequent radiological diagnostic procedures were mastoid X-rays, which were performed in 70% of the patients, and computed tomography in 20%. Patients with ECC were treated in the ENT Clinic, whereas patients with ICC, after otologgic surgical procedures, were transferred to the Neurosurgery Clinic. In this series, 5 patients (3.4%) died as a result of complications. Conclusions: The incidence of cholesteatoma and its complications in our country still poses a challenge that requires higher dedication. Application of sophisticated diagnostic methods, CT and MRI is going to assist in choosing the adequate surgical approach, especially in cases with intracranial complications
Exploring preventive interventions and risk factors of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: A retrospective matched case-control design.

This study explores effective interventions in the area of pressure ulcer. A retrospective approach was used in this study to explore such interventions in a more natural clinical environment than found in a prospective study. While retrospective studies have their limitations, one problem of prospective studies, the Hawthorn effect, is not present. A matched design was employed. The first group developed pressure ulcer during hospitalization, the other did not. In order to have a sound and robust comparison, patients from the two groups were matched or nearly matched on a number of Waterlow sub-scores, though further criteria for selection were carried out. These included: a minimum of three days total length of stay in hospital and being initially free of any pressure ulcer on admission for both groups. Electronic medical records for the two groups were revised and multidimensional data were extracted. Data analyses were carried out using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, the following interventions were significantly associated with pressure ulcer prevention (P≤ 0.05): standard hospital bed, seating cushion, static pressure redistributing mattress, positioning every four hours and helping the patient to sit regularly in a chair. When the effect of all interventions was adjusted through the multivariate model, the following interventions were independently associated with prevention: draw sheet, re-positioning every four hours and helping patient to sit regularly in chair (odds ratio = 0.24, 0.06 and 0.13 respectively).
Neural Machine Translation of Basque

We describe the first experimental results in neural machine translation for Basque. As a synthetic language featuring agglutinative morphology, an extended case system, complex verbal morphology and relatively free word order, Basque presents a large number of challenging characteristics for machine translation in general, and for data-driven approaches such as attentionbased encoder-decoder models in particular. We present our results on a large range of experiments in Basque-Spanish translation, comparing several neural machine translation system variants with both rule-based and statistical machine translation systems. We demonstrate that significant gains can be obtained with a neural network approach for this challenging language pair, and describe optimal configurations in terms of word segmentation and decoding parameters, measured against test sets that feature multiple references to account for word order variability.
Pengaruh Metode Hypnoteaching Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Bidang Studi Pai Di SMP Bina Bangsa Surabaya

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimanakah penerapan metode hypnoteaching pada bidang studi pendidikan agama Islam di SMP Bina Bangsa Surabaya? (2) Bagaimanakah prestasi belajar siswa pada bidang pendidikan agama Islam di SMP Bina Bangsa Surabaya? (3) Adakah pengaruh metode hypnoteaching pada bidang studi pendidikan agama Islam terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di SMP Bina Bangsa? Sampel penelitian adalah 10 % dari 526 siswa yaitu 53 siswa, teknik pengambilan sampel adalah dengan teknik stratified proportional random sampling yaitu mengacak sampel pada setiap strata dengan pembagian yang sama. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Rumus prosentase sederhana, yaitu untuk menganalisis data tentang penerapan metode hypnoteaching di SMP Bina Bangsa dan prestasi belajarnya pada bidang PAI; (2) Rumus Korelasi Product Moment, yaitu untuk menganalisis data tentang ada atau tidaknya pengaruh metode hypnoteaching terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada bidang studi pendidikan agama Islam di SMP Bina Bangsa Surabaya.Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Penerapan strategi hypnoteaching di SMP Bina Bangsa Surabaya tergolong cukup. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil prosentase tertinggi ( 66 % ) adalah berada pada interval 56 % - 75 % yang berarti cukup; (2) Prestasi belajar siswa di SMP tergolong baik. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil rata-rata nilai ulangan siswa (7,3) berada pada interval nilai 7-8 yang berarti baik; (3) Terdapat pengaruh metode hypnoteaching terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di SMP Bina Bangsa Surabaya. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil perhitungan rumus r xy (0,522) yang lebih besar dari hasil perhitungan tabel (r t ) baik pada taraf signifikansi 5 % (0,274) atau taraf signifikansi 1 % (0,354) yang berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak dan berarti terdapat pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y.
Immunohistochemical Expressions of AKT, ATM and Cyclin E in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Understanding the pathogenesis and molecular basis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has increased rapidly over the past few years that is essential to improve patient's prognosis and treatment modalities. The purpose of this study to evaluate the Immunohistochemical expressions of AKT, ATM, AND Cyclin E in oral squamous cell carcinoma Materials and methods: This study was performed on a forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks which histopathologically diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. All cases were collected from the Histopathological Laboratory from patients treated surgically at Maxillofacial surgery Department at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Results: The immunohistochemical staining of AKT showed positive expression in 38 (95%), ATM showed positive expression in 38(95%) and Cyclin E showed positive expression in 36(90%) of the cases. Conclusion: A statically significant correlation was found regarding the immunohistochemical expression of AKT with tumor grade and stage, Cyclin E with the age group and ATM with the clinical appearance
Simplified approach for symbol error rate analysis of SC‐FDMA scheme over Rayleigh fading channel

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical study of the symbol error rate (SER) of single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) with zero‐forcing frequency domain equalization (ZF‐FDE) over a Rayleigh fading channel. SC‐FDMA is considered as a potential waveform candidate for fifth‐generation (5G) radio access networks (RANs). First, the NC fold convolution of the noise distribution of an orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) system is computed for each value of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in order to determine the noise distribution of the SC‐FDMA system. NC is the number of subcarriers assigned to a user or the size of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding. Here, we present a simple alternative method of calculating the SER by simplifying the NC fold convolution using time and amplitude scaling properties. The effects of the NC fold convolution and SNR over the computation of the SER of the SC‐FDMA system has been separated out. As a result, the proposed approach only requires the computation of the NC fold convolution once, and it is used for different values of SNR to calculate the SER of SC‐FDMA systems.
Copper and Bronze in Art: Corrosion, Colorants, Conservation

This 190 year review of the literature on copper and its alloys integrates the information on pigments, corrosion products and minerals that are usually considered separately though they are often the same compounds. The various environmental conditions to which copper alloy objects may be exposed including burial, outdoor, and indoor museum environments and the methods used to conserve them are discussed and information is included on ancient and historical technologies, the nature of patina as it pertains to copper and bronze and the use of copper corrosion materials as pigments. Chapters are organized primarly by chemical corrosion products and includetopics such as early technologies, copper chlorides and bronze disease, the chemistry and history of turquoise, Egyptian blue and other synthetic copper silicates, the organics salts of copper in bronze corrosion and bronze patinas. A detailed survey of conservation treatments for bronze objects is also provided. Four appendices cover copper and bronze chemistry, replication experiments for early pigments recipes, a list of copper minerals and corrosion products and X-ray diffraction studies. -- ICCROM
Pattern of von Willebrand factor in hypertensive patients in Lagos, Nigeria

Background and Objective: Hypertension alone accounts for 50% of death from stroke. Its ability to induce endothelial dysfunction leads to the release of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a prothrombotic glycoprotein. The increase secretion of vWF may account for increased risk of stroke in hypertensive disorders. This study aimed to determine the vWF:antigen (Ag) levels among hypertensives and assess its relationship with blood pressure and occurrence of stroke in hypertensives. Subjects and Methods: The study included 66 hypertensives, 33 with stroke (HS) and 33 without stroke (HWS), and 33 controls matched for age and sex. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain biodata and clinical information. Blood pressure was taken after 15 min rest. Four milliliters of blood was collected into 0.1 ml of 3.2% trisodium citrate for vWF:Ag assay and 4 ml into K-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulant bottles for blood grouping and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21. Confidence interval was set at 95%. Results: Mean vWF:Ag levels were significantly higher in hypertensives compared with nonhypertensives (P = 0.005), but no statistically significant difference was observed between HS and HWS (P = 0.874). A positive correlation of vWF with systolic blood pressure was observed (r = 0.335, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that higher systolic blood pressure is associated with higher levels of endothelial activation and release of vWF.
Haematological Profile In Chronic Alcohol Consumers

Background: Problem drinkers conceal the fact that they are chronic alcoholics, when giving a medical history. Laboratory studies on those who abuse alcohol in this environment are scarce as most studies are behavioral research. Routine haematolgical indices were studied in problem drinkers to help in the diagnosis of alcohol related disorders. Methodology: The subjects were got from an indigenous community that has farming and the brewing of a local alcohol, BURUKUTU as the main source of livelihood. The CAGE questionnaire was used to classify the subjects into problem drinkers, social drinkers and those who abstained from alcohol. Parameters measured were haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was calculated using wintrobe's formula. Result: It was found that the haemoglobin, packed cell volume , red blood cell count and the white blood cell count were within the reference range for all groups. The platelet was reduced for the problem drinkers while the MCV was increased Conclusion: A look at the haemoglobin, profile especially MCV, platelet count, can alert a physician if the patient is a chronic alcoholic, even when there is no anemia KEY WORDS: Problem drinkers, Alcoholism, Hematogical profile. Jos. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol.6(2) 2003: 84-86<
Development of orthographic knowledge and its relationship with reading and spelling among Chinese kindergarten and primary school children

There have been numerous studies examining reading development in alphabetic languages in the past decades. Similar research in Chinese only received attention in recent years (e.g., Ho & Bryant, 1997., 1997b; Huang & Hanley, 1995, 1997). Interestingly, more research efforts have been devoted to investigating reading than spelling development. Some research findings have shown that reading and spelling development are inextricably linked to each other, in that reading development facilitates growth in spelling and vice versa (e.g., Bruck & Waters, 1990; Ehri, 1991, 1997; Juel, Griffith, & Gough, 1986). Both reading and spelling may rely on the same or similar sets of lexical and orthographic knowledge. However, other research fmdings have shown that there is a distinct developmental path for early reading and spelling (e.g., Caravolas, Hulme, & Snowling, 2001; Ellis & Cataldo, 1990). For instance, Caravolas el al. (2001) reported that predictors of early reading skills and skills were different. Phonological spelling skill was found to predict reading, but reading did not predict phonological spelling skill. They also reported that phonological spelling skill, logether with orthographic knowledge developed through reading, predicted the development of conventional spelling skill. Thus, it seems to us that reading and spelling development are at least indirectly related through the role of orthographic knowledge in reading and spelling. In this chapter, we will report an original study examining the development of orthographic knowledge and its relationship with reading and spelling among Chinese kindergarten and primary school children.
Penggunaan Model Multiliterasi Literatur Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Cerita Legenda

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam membaca pemahaman khususnya membaca pemahaman cerita legenda. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan, pembelajaran membaca pemahaman pada kelas V masih menggunakan aktivitas membaca nyaring. Kondisi ini juga diperparah dengan gaya belajar guru yang kurang bervariasi. Pembelajaran membaca pemahaman yang dilakukan hanya sebatas pada siswa dapat menjawab pertanyaan saja. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dan meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran membaca pemahaman cerita legendadengan menggunakan model multiliterasi literatur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Cileunyi 05 Kecamatan Cileunyi Kabupaten Bandung tepatnya di kelas V dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 42 siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan desain Elliot yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus setiap siklusnya terdiri dari tiga tindakan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman penilaian, lembar observasi, lembar catatan lapangan, lembar wawancara siswa, LKP dan kamera foto untuk dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik kualitatif, kuantitatif dan triangulasi. Data kualitatif diolah dengan cara deskriptif, data kuantitaif diolah dengan mencari rata-rata dan triangulasi dilakukan dengan menggabungkan data kualitatif dan kuantitaif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran membaca pemahaman cerita legenda dengan menggunakan model multiliterasi literatur telah berjalan kondusif, membuat siswa lebih aktif dan semangat dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan peningkatan nilai aktivitas dan kemampuan yang diperoleh siswa pada setiap siklusnya. Rata-rata nilai aktivitas membaca pemahaman cerita legenda pada siklus I: 56,34, siklus II: 73,54, siklus III: 85,78. Sedangkan rata-rata nilai kemampuan membaca pemahaman cerita legenda pada siklus I: 58,63, siklus II: 73,18, siklus III: 81,80. Berdasarkan keberhasilan tersebut, peneliti merekomendasikan kepada rekan guru dan lembaga pendidikan untuk menggunakan model multiliterasi literatur sebagai solusi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa khususnya membaca pemahaman teks cerita legenda. Kata Kunci: Membaca Pemahaman, Model Multiliterasi Literatur, Cerita Legenda