Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding and responding the students in learning mathematics through the differentiated instruction

This research discusses the differentiated instruction, a mathematic learning which is as expected by the students in connection with the differentiated instruction itself, its implementation, and the students’ responses. This research employs a survey method which involves 62 students as the research respondents. The mathematics learning types required by the students and their responses to the differentiated instruction are examined through questionnaire and interview. The mathematics learning types in orderly required by the students, from the highest frequency cover the easily understood instructions, slowly/not rushing teaching, fun, not complicated, interspersed with humour, various question practices, not too serious, and conducive class atmosphere for the instructions. Implementing the differentiated instruction is not easy. The teacher should be able to constantly assess the students, s/he should have good knowledge of relevant materials and instructions, and properly prepare the instructions, although it is time-consuming. The differentiated instruction is implemented on the instructions of numerical pattern materials. The strategies implemented are flexible grouping, tiered assignment, and compacting. The students positively respond the differentiated learning instruction that they become more motivated and involved in the instruction.
Prognostic Value of Pretreatment HER2 Status in Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy

RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 14.6 months (range, 4.0–56.97 months), two patients (4%) had local recurrence and 21 patients (43%) developed distant metastasis. We found no statistically significant difference in metastasis frequency rates between HER2 negative (−) and positive (+) patients. The median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for the whole group were 24.9 and 24.2 months, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in OS and DFS according to HER2 status, there was a negative trend in OS (p=0.451) and DFS (p=0.633) in HER2 (+) patients.
An alternative approach to measure quantity and smoothness of the human limb motions

The present paper is devoted to the problem of measuring and modelling the changes in human motor functions. Nowadays, overwhelming majority of techniques for motion analysis and gesture recognition are based on feature extraction, pattern recognition and clustering. An alternative approach to measure and model changes in motor functions is proposed. Unlike feature extraction or pattern recognition techniques, the proposed approach concentrates its attention on the total quantity and smoothness of the human limb movements. The latter constitutes the main distinctive feature of the proposed technique. When changes of human motor functions are caused by learning of a new motor activity, amount and smoothness of the movements may provide necessary information to measure the effectiveness of the training technique. The notion “motion mass” is introduced as a measure associated with the motion, which describes how much and how smoothly certain joints have moved. Practical example of learning the ball throwing is used to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to measure the changes in motor functions and distinguish their performance on different stages of the learning process.
Tithonia diversifolia AND Chromolaena odorata RESIDUES AS POTENTIAL ORGANIC COMPOST MATERIALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF Meloidogyne incognita ON COWPEA ( Vigna unguiculata L . WALP )

Screen house studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia and Chromolaena odorata powder as alternative organic fertilizer materials in comparison with the local commercial neem organic fertilizer in the management of Meloidogyne incognita infection on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata var. Ife Brown). The experiments were laid out in completely randomized design with six replications. Cowpea seedlings were raised in sterilized soils in plastic pots and inoculated with 5000 eggs of M. incognita at two weeks after emergence. At 60 days after emergence, destructive sampling of plants was done to assess nematode indices: root galls, nematode population and reproduction factor. Results obtained show that growth and yield of cowpea was significantly(p<0.05) improved by Tithonia and Chromolaena soil amendments effectively as the neem fertilizer. It also show that, M. incognita infectivity (number of galls, nematode population, reproduction) were significantly(p<0.05) reduced by Tithonia and Chromolaena soil amendments as the neem fertilizer. The findings of this study recommend the residues of these common weeds for evaluation in organic composting with potential for plant parasitic nematode management combined with release of nutrient to plants as organic fertilizer.
Atrial Fibrillation in a Diarrheic Holstein Dairy Calf

Cardiac auscultation of a 10-day-old diarrheic female Holstein dairy calf revealed irregularities in rhythm and absence of 4 heart sound. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood sample were obtained before and after the treatment. Based on ECG and cardiac auscultation findings, atrial fibrillation (AF) was diagnosed. Serum sodium, calcium and magnesium before treatment were significantly lower than their reference ranges and potassium was significantly higher. One day after treating this patient, serum electrolytes were reached to reference ranges and AF was changed to normal sinus rhythm. Based on resolving the AF after treating the patient and correcting the electrolyte imbalances, it can be suggested that electrolyte imbalances were the main cause of the occurrence of AF in the present case.
Modelling Hydrodynamic Impacts of Sea-Level Rise on Wave-Dominated Australian Estuaries with Differing Geomorphology

Sea-level rise (SLR) will affect the hydrodynamics and flooding characteristics of estuaries which are a function of the geomorphology of particular estuarine systems. This study presents a numerical modelling of coastal flooding due to drivers such as spring-tides, storm surges and river inflows and examines how these will change under sea-level increases of 0.4 m and 0.9 m for two estuaries that are at different geomorphological evolutionary stages of infill. Our results demonstrate that estuarine response to SLR varies between different types of estuaries, and detailed modelling is necessary to understand the nature and extent of inundation in response to SLR. Comparison of modelling results indicates that floodplain elevation is fundamental in order to identify the most vulnerable systems and estimate how inundation extents and depths may change in the future. Floodplains in mature estuarine systems may drown and experience a considerable increase in inundation depths once a certain threshold in elevation has been exceeded. By contrast, immature estuarine systems may be subject to increases in relative inundation extent and substantial changes in hydrodynamics such as tidal range and current velocity. The unique nature of estuaries does not allow for generalisations; however, classifications of estuarine geomorphology could indicate how certain types of estuary may respond to SLR.
Totally Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Comparison with Tubeless and Standard Methods

Objectives: The study aimed to compare tubeless, totally tubeless, and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in a tertiary center with selected patient population. Methods: Between September 2013 and March 2015, percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed on 216 patients in our center. Patients without massive bleeding, calyceal perforation, and residual fragments smaller than 4 mm were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 3 groups. In the first group (n = 68), we placed nephrostomy and kept ureteral catheter for 24 hours (the standard group). In second the group (n = 69), no nephrostomy was inserted and ureteral catheter was removed in the operation room (the totally tubeless group) and in the third group (n = 79), no nephrostomy catheter was placed but antegrade DJ stent was inserted intraoperatively (the tubeless group). Three groups were compared with respect to age, analgesic requirement, BMI, length of stay, pain, and stone size. Results: No significant differences were found in the mean stone size, operation time, transfusion rates, and hemoglobin level change between the groups. However, hospitalization time, the amount of narcotic usage, and pain were significantly lower in the second group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with no major intraoperative bleeding and calyceal perforation, the totally tubeless approach is safe with decreased pain, analgesia requirement, and hospital stay.
Usefulness of PTAH stain in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma in low resource setting in reference to myogenin immunoreactivity

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are a group of soft tissue tumors that share a propensity to undergo myogenesis. They present a wide range of differential diagnoses which renders them difficult to diagnose using routine H&E stain alone. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method with myogenic markers is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of RMS, but rather expensive. Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH) stain is significantly cheaper and easy method to use but its accuracy has not adequately been studied. The aim of this study was to ascertain the diagnostic value of PTAH histochemistry method in RMS diagnosed by routine H&E stain with reference to myogenin IHC method. A cross-sectional retrospective hospital based study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital from January 2010 up to April 2014. All cases diagnosed as RMS and cases suspected to be RMS were retrieved and stained with myogenin IHC to confirm the diagnosis, then all positive cases were subjected to PTAH stain to determine its accuracy and usefulness. There were 36 cases of RMS confirmed by IHC. The age range was 2 to 72 with median age of 16 years. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Children (<18 years) were 52.8% and adults (≥18 years) were 47.2%. Head and neck tumors were more predominant in children compared to adult (p value=0.006) and embryonal RMS type was more predominant in children compared to adults (p value=0.000). PTAH stain was positive in only 8 cases (22.2%) and the positivity was not associated to any particular histological type of RMS. This study revealed that PTAH stain does not have any added value to confirm the diagnosis of RMS. Therefore, IHC with myogenin should be routinely used as a confirmation test for all cases suspected to be RMS.
Common Spindle Cell Malignant Neoplasms of the Skin: Differential Diagnosis and Review of the Literature

Malignant and borderline-malignant neoplasms of the dermis can pose diagnostic challenges. Because these tumors can share similar clinical and histologic features, including a predominantly spindle cell morphology, the pathologist must be familiar with these entities in order to facilitate accurate diagnosis, as treatment for these tumors may be different. We review several of these lesions with respect to clinical and histologic features: desmoplastic melanoma, spindle cell carcinoma, spindle cell atypical fibroxanthoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and cutaneous leiomyosarcoma.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Family Relatives among Thalassemic Patients in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Thalassemia is a well-known inherited hematologic disorder caused by a decrease or an absence of globin production. Patients with thalassemia suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia and its sequelae. A descriptive study was undertaken in Sulaimani Thalassemia and Congenital Blood Disease Center. The self-administered questionnaire was used to 140 patients who had thalassemia and visited to the hospital during the study periods to assess the patients’ characteristics and parent’s relative’s relation to thalassemic patients. Data were entered into spreadsheets and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Descriptive analysis was performed and frequencies and percentages were reported. Associations between categorical variables were checked using Chi-squared test. Out of 140 patients 50.0% of patients were males and 50.0% were female; the mean age was 12.8 years-old. The most frequent thalassemic patents were come from rural area 95.0%. Majority of patients have major type of thalassemia 84.3%. Most of the patients cannot continue to the study accounted 66.4%. About number of children most of the patient’s family had more than 3 children 99.3%. Majority of patient’s parents is carrier for thalassemia and accounted with 90 (65.0%), from those patients with major thalassemia are 77 (85.6) and few cases with minor thalassemia 4 (4.4%). These relations are statistically significant at (p<0.05). Majority of patients who have major type of thalassemia were from rural area followed by urban area 113 (95.8%) vs. 7 (5.0%), these differences are statistically significant at (p≤0.01), from major types of thalassemic patients; 85 (94.4%) of them were both father and mother are carrier of thalassemia. Statistically significant relation was found at (p<0.05). In conclusion, thalassemia is an important cause of morbidity among thalassemic patients. In our community, thalassemia is more frequent in rural population. Therefore, it is a crucial for monitoring and examination of those who are carriers. Moreover, the lack of health education on thalassemia was the major problems related with awareness of families.
Offshoring and the Geography of Jobs in Great Britain

This paper investigates the impact of the offshoring of production activities on domestic jobs in Great Britain. The paper considers both the spatial heterogeneity across local labour markets and variations in the intensity of outward flows of investments abroad (OFDI) across industries in order to shed new light on the job creation/destruction implications of offshoring. The results suggest that offshoring may generate significant job losses in routine occupations in areas that have been more exposed to the relocation of production abroad, regardless of whether the relocation has been to developed or developing/emerging countries. Offshoring to developing/emerging countries has, by contrast, a positive effect on the generation of non-routine jobs. Efficiency gains accruing from the international reorganization of production increase in the long-run, with compensation mechanisms operating through growth of employment in higher value added activities at home. Overall, our results uncover important spatial and interpersonal inequalities in job creation, which provide new challenges for public policy.
Baseline evaluation of the impact of updates to the MIT Earth System Model on its model parameter estimates

Abstract. For over 20 years, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System Model (MESM) has been used extensively for climate change research. The model is under continuous development with components being added and updated. To provide transparency in the model development, we perform a baseline evaluation by comparing model behavior and properties in the newest version to the previous model version. In particular, changes resulting from updates to the land surface model component and the input forcings used in historical simulations of climate change are investigated. We run an 1800-member ensemble of MESM historical climate simulations where the model parameters that set climate sensitivity, the rate of ocean heat uptake, and the net anthropogenic aerosol forcing are systematically varied. By comparing model output to observed patterns of surface temperature changes and the linear trend in the increase in ocean heat content, we derive probability distributions for the three model parameters. Furthermore, we run a 372-member ensemble of transient climate simulations where all model forcings are fixed and carbon dioxide concentrations are increased at the rate of 1 % year−1. From these runs, we derive response surfaces for transient climate response and thermosteric sea level rise as a function of climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake. We show that the probability distributions shift towards higher climate sensitivities and weaker aerosol forcing when using the new model and that the climate response surfaces are relatively unchanged between model versions. Because the response surfaces are independent of the changes to the model forcings and similar between model versions with different land surface models, we suggest that the change in land surface model has limited impact on the temperature evolution in the model. Thus, we attribute the shifts in parameter estimates to the updated model forcings.
Examining the influence of biophysical conditions on wildland-urban interface homeowners' wildfire risk mitigation activities in fire-prone landscapes

Expansion of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) and the increasing size and number of wildfires has policy-makers and wildfire managers seeking ways to reduce wildfire risk in communities located near fire-prone forests. It is widely acknowledged that homeowners can reduce their exposure to wildfire risk by using nonflammable building materials and reducing tree density near the home, among other actions. Although these actions can reduce the vulnerability of homes to wildfire, many homeowners do not take them. We examined the influence of risk factors on homeowners’ perceived wildfire risk components using a survey of WUI homeowners in central Oregon (USA) and biophysical data that described wildfire risk as predicted by wildfire simulation models, past wildfire, and vegetation characteristics. Our analysis included homeowners’ perceptions of the likelihood of wildfire and resulting damage, and examined how these factors contribute to homeowners’ likelihood to conduct mitigation actions. We developed an empirical model of homeowners’ risk perceptions and mitigation behavior, which served as input into an agent-based model to examine potential landscape and behavior changes over 50 years. We found homeowners’ wildfire risk perceptions to be positively correlated with hazardous conditions predicted by fuel models and weakly predictive of mitigation behavior. Homeowners’ perceived chance of wildfire was positively correlated with actual probability of wildfire, while their perceived chance of damage to the home was positively correlated with potential wildfire intensity. Wildfire risk perceptions also were found to be correlated with past wildfire experience. Our results suggest that homeowners may be savvy observers of landscape conditions, which act as “feedbacks” that enhance homeowners’ concerns about wildfire hazard and motivate them to take mitigation action. Alternatively, homeowners living in hazardous locations are somehow receiving the message that they need to take protective measures. Mitigation compliance output from the agent-based model suggests that completion of mitigation actions is likely to increase over 50 years under various scenarios.
Review Article Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes—a review

Silicon (Si) is the second-most abundant element in the earth's crust. In the pedosphere, however, huge spans of Si contents occur mainly caused by Si redistribution in soil profiles and landscapes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the different pools and fluxes of Si in soils and terrestrial biogeosystems. Weathering and subsequent release of soluble Si may lead to (1) secondarily bound Si in newly formed Al silicates, (2) amorphous silica precipitation on surfaces of other minerals, (3) plant uptake, formation of phytogenic Si, and subsequent retranslocation to soils, (4) translocation within soil profiles and formation of new horizons, or (5) translocation out of soils (desilication). The research carried out hitherto focused on the participation of Si in weathering processes, especially in clay neoformation, buffering mechanisms for acids in soils or chemical denudation of landscapes. There are, however, only few investigations on the characteristics and controls of the low-crystalline, almost pure silica compounds formed during pedogenesis. Further, there is strong demand to improve the knowledge of (micro)biological and rhizosphere processes contributing to Si mobilization, plant uptake, and formation of phytogenic Si in plants, and release due to microbial decomposition. The contribution of the biogenic Si sources to Si redistribution within soil profiles and desilication remains unknown concerning the pools, rates, processes, and driving forces. Comprehensive studies considering soil hydrological, chemical, and biological processes as well as their interactions at the scale of pedons and landscapes are necessary to make up and model the Si balance and to couple terrestrial processes with Si cycle of limnic, fluvial, or marine biogeosystems.
Turbulence Generation from a Sweeping-Based Stochastic Model

Stochastic methods are widely used because they constitute a low-cost computational-fluid-dynamics approach to synthesize a turbulent velocity field from time-averaged variables of a flowfield. A new combined stochastic method based on the sweeping hypothesis is introduced in this paper. This phenomenon, stating that inertial range structures are advected by the energy containing eddies, is known to be an important mechanism of the turbulent velocity field decorrelation process. The proposed method presents the advantage of being easily implementable and applicable to any three-dimensional configuration as long as a steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computation of the flow is available and assuming that the considered turbulence physics is compatible with the hypotheses made to build the current numerical model. The developed method is applied on a subsonic round cold free jet. The validation study shows that the synthesized turbulent velocity fields reproduce statistical features of the flow, such a.
The Influence of Spatial Variability of Critical Conversion Point (CCP) in Production of Ground Level Ozone in the Context of Tropical Climate

ABSTRACTCritical conversion point (CCP) is a very crucial step in production of the ground level O3 chemistry. Thus, a multivariate analysis was applied on the dataset of nine selected locations in Malaysia from 1999 to 2010. It incorporated hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) to explore the spatial variability of CCP and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the major sources of the air pollutants that influence ozone CCP. High variability in CCP was observed between the monitoring stations that occurred during critical conversion time (CCT) from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. The HACA results grouped the nine monitoring stations into three different clusters, based on the characteristics of ozone concentrations during CCT period. Results of PCA for the three clusters showed that the contributions to O3 level variation during CCT by meteorological variables (UVB, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) are higher at 51.6%, 48.5%, and 33.3% than that of primary air pollutants (NO2, SO2, PM10) at 19.2%, 21.4%, and 15.2% for cluster 1, cluster 2, and cluster 3, respectively. Therefore, applying a targeted spatial control strategy for ground level O3 precursors during the CCT period is a crucial step.