Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Seven cases of iliotibial band syndrome and the patho anatomic findings of each, as demonstrated by mag netic resonance imaging, are presented. These findings were compared with magnetic resonance imaging scans of 10 age- and sex-matched control knees with out evidence of lateral knee pain. Magnetic resonance imaging signal consistent with fluid was seen deep to the iliotibial band in the region of the lateral femoral epicondyle in five of the seven cases. Additionally, when compared with the control group, patients with iliotibial band syndrome demonstrated a significantly thicker ili otibial band over the lateral femoral epicondyle (P < 0.05). Thickness of the iliotibial band in the disease group was 5.49 ± 2.12 mm, as opposed to 2.52 ± 1.56 mm in the control group. Cadaveric dis sections were performed on 10 normal knees to further elucidate the exact nature of the area under the iliotibial band. A potential space, i.e., a bursa, was found between the iliotibial band and the knee capsule. This series suggests that magnetic resonance imag ing demonstrates objective evidence of iliotibial band syndrome and can be helpful when a definitive diag nosis is essential. Furthermore, correlated with ana tomic dissection, magnetic resonance imaging identi fies this as a problem within a bursa beneath the iliotibial band and not a problem within the knee joint.
Understanding the Potential of Variable Tolling to Smooth Congestion on Downstream Facilities: Applications of a Joint Time-of-Day and Route Choice Model

The aim of this research was to understand the conditions under which time-varying tolls could be used to effectively smooth congestion on a downstream, untolled roadway. This question was answered in the context of the 183A Turnpike in Texas, but the analysis was extended to draw lessons for the potential use and evaluation of time-varying tolls as a congestion management strategy elsewhere. The study relied on two primary data sources: license plate reader data, to observe traffic routing, and a stated preference survey, to understand travelers’ trade-offs between travel time, tolls, and time-of-day shifts. A joint time-of-day and route choice model was developed and implemented in a spreadsheet for the rapid evaluation of a range of scenarios. Model inputs were then varied across key dimensions to achieve a better understanding of the conditions under which such a strategy might or might not be effective. The analysis revealed that under the conditions and constraints specific to the 183A corridor, time-of-day tolling would have a limited effect, but that there are a range of conditions for which time-of-day tolling could be a cost-effective means of managing downstream congestion.
RIO Country Report 2015: Sweden

The 2015 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Sweden for 2015, including relevant policies and funding, taking into account the priorities of the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites, etc. The quantitative and qualitative data is, whenever possible, comparable across all EU Member State reports. The report contents are partly based on the RIO country report, 2014 (Jacob, 2015). 063. Cluster support and business networks primarily benefiting SMEs; 064. Research and Innovation processes in SMEs (including voucher schemes, process, design, service and social innovation); 065. Research and Innovation infrastructure, processes, technology transfer and cooperation of enterprises focusing on the low carbon economy and on resilience to climate change. This allocation is not very precise, since the category 'Research and Innovation in SMEs' also comprises SMEs including voucher schemes, which may be used for contract research, whereas the funds allocated to infrastructure are the highest. The latest Innovation Union Scoreboard 2015 ranks the Slovak Republic as moderate innovator.
Decentralized model predictive control of constrained linear systems

This paper proposes a novel decentralized model predictive control (MPC) design approach for open-loop asymptotically stable processes whose dynamics are not necessarily decoupled. A set of partially decoupled approximate prediction models are defined and used by different MPC controllers. Rather than looking for a-priori conditions for asymptotic stability of the overall closed-loop system, we present a sufficient criterion for analyzing a posteriori the asymptotic stability of the process model in closed loop with the set of decentralized MPC controllers. The degree of decoupling among submodels represents a tuning knob of the approach: the less coupled are the submodels, the lighter the computational burden and the load for transmission of information among the decentralized MPC controllers, but the less performing is the control system and the less likely the proposed stability test succeeds. The designer can therefore trade off between simplicity of computations/limited transmitted information and performance/stability.
Vitamin d deficiency among psychiatric inpatients.

OBJECTIVE Previous studies in northern Europe and Australia have indicated that vitamin D deficiency is common in psychiatric patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among psychiatric inpatients in a large North American city. The association of vitamin D status with clinical characteristics was also explored, and subgroups of patients that are more vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency were identified. METHOD This descriptive study looked at 107 unselected consecutive admissions to a psychiatric inpatient service in New York City between September and early December 2010. All patients were aged 18 years and older. Psychiatric diagnoses were established by attending psychiatrists as part of the routine assessment using criteria from the DSM-IV. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry. A vitamin D-deficient state was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤ 20 ng/mL. RESULTS Fifty-six (52.3%) patients were classified as deficient in vitamin D. Age and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were significantly correlated (P = .001). Seventy-one percent of patients from age 18 to 34 years were deficient in vitamin D; this rate was significantly higher than the rate of deficiency in older patients (P = .017). No significant relationships were found between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and gender, race/ethnicity, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, and major psychiatric diagnostic categories. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of psychiatric inpatients are deficient in vitamin D. Younger patients were more at risk for deficiency. Screening for vitamin D deficiency should be part of the health assessment of patients with major psychiatric illnesses.
Thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus

Evoked potential studies (Lende, '64) suggest that echidnas have a single, topographically organized somatosensory area (SMI) that spans a mediolaterally oriented sulcus called sulcus alpha. A motor area (MI) is situated on the prealpha gyrus. This study examines the cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents of SMI in the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus.
Circuit-averaged and state-space-averaged-value modeling of second-order flyback converter in CCM and DCM including conduction losses

Modeling and analysis of basic DC-DC converters is essential for enabling power-electronic solutions for the future energy systems and applications. Many average-value modeling (AVM) techniques including state space averaging and circuit averaging have been developed over the years and available in the literature. Average-value modeling of ideal PWM converters neglects parasitics (losses) to simplify the derivations and modeling procedure. In this paper, we consider a second-order flyback converter with conduction losses parasitics. We propose two new AVMs using the circuit averaging and state space averaging approaches, respectively. By taking into account conduction losses, the accuracy of proposed average-value models improves. The new models are verified for large signal time-domain transients and small-signal frequency-domain analysis in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The derived (corrected) models show noticeable improvement over the traditional (un-corrected) models.
The Dependence of the International Sensitivity Index on the Coagulometer Used to Perform the Prothrombin Time

Summary This study was designed to detect any effect that different types of coagulation instrument may have on the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of a thromboplastin. Manufacturers of commercial thromboplastins now calibrate their reagents against the World Health Organization international reference preparation to assign them an IST. This enables the prothrombin time (PT) estimated with that reagent to be expressed as an International Normalised Ratio (INR). One batch of Thromborel S was calibrated against the Australasian Reference Thromboplastin (ART). The Thromborel S was used on three photo-optical instruments, the Automated Coagulation Laboratory (ACL) (Instrumentation Laboratory), the Cobas Fibro (Roche), and the Coag-a-Pet (General Diagnostics). PTs using ART were performed manually using the reference method. The ISIs calibrated in our laboratory when the ACL and Cobas Fibro were used were not significantly different at the 95% level, being 1.102 ± 0.018 and 1.134 ± 0.022 respectively. The ISI with the Coag-a-Pet of 1.223 ± 0.023 was significantly different to that of the ACL and the Cobas Fibro at the 95% level. The flowcharts for a computer program to perform the necessary calculations are provided. The program allows for the entry and editing of data from the calibration procedure, and provides a mean normal PT and normal range, the ISI and 95% confidence limits of the calibration, and a chart for the conversion of the test PTs to INRs. The authors have made available an IBM compatible program for the calibration of thromboplastins.
Accuracy of Staging as a Predictor for Recurrence After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background. Tumor number, size, and macrovascular invasion (MacroVI) are the most widely used predictors of survival after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed all patients undergoing LT for HCC at our center to establish the accuracy of preoperative clinical staging and to determine which patients have a higher probability of being understaged. Methods. In all, 118 patients with confirmed HCC after LT from April 1991 to October 2004 at our institution were reviewed. All patients were monitored with serial imaging every 3 months to ensure their eligibility for LT within Milan criteria. Understaging in the 118 patients was defined as evidence on explant pathology that Milan criteria (TNM stage pT1 or pT2) had been exceeded. Results. Five-year DFS was 78% with a recurrence rate of 15% after a median follow-up after LT of 30 months. On explant pathology, 43% (51/118) of patients exceeded Milan criteria and had a worse DFS (1 year, 95% vs. 87%; 3 year, 87% vs. 64%; P=0.03) compared to those who met LT criteria. Understaging was more likely in patients with imaging characteristics of ≥2 tumor nodules (P=0.005) and tumor growth >0.25 cm/month (P=0.02) and pathologic findings of vascular invasion (P=0.001) and bilobar tumors (P=0.002). Conclusions. Preoperative imaging every 3 months while on the waiting list frequently understages HCC as assessed by explant pathology. Recurrence after LT often occurred in patients that were understaged. Improving the accuracy of clinical staging and inclusion parameters will ensure proper organ allocation and acceptable outcomes after LT.
[Health belief model and attendance at screenings for gastric cancer in a population in Miyagi, Japan].

The relationship between frequency of attendance at the screening programs for gastric cancer and Health Belief Model (HBM) variables was studied in a convenient sample (n = 337) of residents in a town of Miyagi prefecture, Japan. Frequency of attendance at the screening within the past five years was determined from records of the Miyagi Cancer Society, which provided an annual screening program for gastric cancer for study subjects. Using a self-administered questionnaire with 12 questions, with responses measured on a 5-point Likert scale, the five variables of HBM (health motivation, perceived susceptibility and seriousness of gastric cancer, perceived benefit and barriers to participating in the screening) were constructed. Health motivation (r = 0.14, p < 0.01), susceptibility (r = 0.16, p < 0.01), and benefit (r = 0.20, p < 0.001) correlated positively with frequency of attendance at the screening, whereas seriousness (r = -0.20, p < 0.001) and barriers (r = -0.40, p < 0.001) correlated negatively. Multiple regression analysis, which included five variables of HBM, three modifying variables (sex, age, family history of gastric cancer), and four personality scales measured by the short-scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, demonstrated that barriers to participating in the screening (beta = 0.35, p < 0.001) and family history of gastric cancer (beta = 0.17, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with frequency (R = 0.4994, F = 6.203, p < 0.001). Path analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between frequency, HBM, personality, and other modifying variables. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of initial caries lesions on quality of life in preschool children: a 2-year cohort study.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the impact of the presence of initial and other stages of dental caries on the impairment of oral health-related quality of life in preschool children (COHRQoL) through a cohort study. METHODS During an epidemiological survey, 478 children (12-59 months old) were examined for dental caries using the International Caries and Detection Assessment System (ICDAS), and their parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Children were categorized based on the presence of dental caries as follows: children with no caries lesions, children with only initial lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2), children with at least one moderate lesion (ICDAS scores 3 and 4) and children with extensive lesions (ICDAS scores 5 and 6). After 2 years, 352 children were re-examined for the presence of dentine cavitations, and their parents completed a new ECOHIS questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of the presence of different stages of caries lesions at the baseline on COHRQoL impairment at the follow-up, considering two outcome variables: worsening and severe worsening of COHRQoL. Relative risk values (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Worsening or severe worsening of the COHRQoL at the follow-up were observed only in children with moderate lesions (RR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.30-3.08 and RR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.31-4.34, respectively) or children with extensive lesions (RR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.10-2.30 for worsening and RR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.13-3.12 for severe worsening). On the other hand, the presence of only initial caries lesions was not a significant predictor of COHRQoL impairment. CONCLUSIONS The presence of only initial caries lesions does not impair COHRQoL of preschool children; however, moderate and extensive lesions are risk factors for worsening of the COHRQoL.
Work pace control and pregnancy health in a population-based sample of employed women in Norway.

OBJECTIVES This study explored the possible effects of power to control one's own work pace on pregnancy health. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to all parturients in Norway between 16 October and 26 November 1989 for completion prior to discharge from the hospital; 87.2% responded. The study population comprised 3321 respondents with singleton pregnancies and paid work beyond the 3rd month of pregnancy. Power to control work pace was measured as self-reported influence on breaks and work pace and absence of external pacing. Pregnancy health was defined by the prevalence of preeclampsia, disabling posterior pelvic pain, low-back pain, and birthweight of <2500 g for the offspring. RESULTS Pregnancy health improved with increasing power to control work pace, both in manual and nonmanual work. The risk decreased with increasing control for all 4 outcomes, but the impact on birthweight was restricted to nullipara. After adjustment for age, parity, education, smoking, and manual work, the decreasing trend remained significant for preeclampsia and low birthweight of the first born. In a comparison with women with the highest level of control, the adjusted odds ratios for women with no control were 1.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.9-3.1] for preeclampsia, 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.4) for disabling posterior pelvic pain, 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.8) for low-back pain, and 2.5 (95% CI 0.9-6.8) for low birthweight (nullipara). CONCLUSIONS Women with power to control their own work pace had better pregnancy health than women without such power. The results suggest increased individual control over work pace as a prime target for job adjustment during pregnancy.
The unbalanced 1;7 translocation in de novo myelodysplastic syndrome and its clinical implication

In our chromosome study of 97 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), six showed an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 7 [−7, +der(1)t(1;7)(p11;p11)]. All of them had morphologic myelodysplasia in trilineage of bone marrow cells, and cytopenia was the major finding in the peripheral blood. All six patients had symptoms of infection at the time of diagnosis, and five showed immunologic abnormalities (polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in four and increased marrow plasma cells in three). None of the patients survived more than 11 months after the diagnosis; the median survival time was 4 months. Both of the two patients whose karyotypes were reexamined in the course of their disease showed karyotypic evolution accompanying the coincidental leukemic transformation. Six patients with MDS who had the same chromosome abnormality [t(1;7)] are described and their characteristic clinical features are presented.
Activities of the four optical isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (BCH-189) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human lymphocytes

Four different isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine [beta-DL-(+-)-BCH-189] were evaluated in primary human lymphocytes infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The beta-L-(-) isomer was the most potent enantiomer, with a median effective concentration of 1.8 nM and no discernible cytotoxicity up to 100 microM. The relative order of potencies for the isomers was beta-L-(-) greater than beta-DL-(+-) racemic greater than beta-D-(+) greater than alpha-L-(+) greater than alpha-D-(-). The beta-L-(-) enantiomer was as potent as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
Mechanistic studies of electrophilic protease inhibitors of full length hepatic C virus (HCV) NS3

The inhibition mechanism of electrophilic peptide-based protease inhibitors of full-length hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 has been investigated by determining the Ki-values for a series of compounds differing in the electrophilicity and acidity of the C-terminal residue at pH-values above and below the pKa of the catalytic histidine (6.85) and at two different ionic strengths. Electrophilic compounds with a pentafluoroethyl ketone group showed stronger inhibition at pH 8 than pH 6, as expected for a mechanism requiring an unprotonated catalytic histidine. However, the difference was only significant at high ionic strength. In contrast, electrophilic compounds with an acidic C-terminal group or a cyclic P1 residue showed a lower inhibitory effect at pH 8 than at pH 6, inconsistent with a mechanism-based inhibition. Moreover, all electrophilic compounds had an unexpectedly strong inhibition at pH 6, when mechanism-based inhibition is unlikely. The results suggest that for some of the electrophilic compounds the reactive group may not be properly positioned in the active site and that binding of these inhibitors is a result of non-covalent interactions. The nature of these interactions is discussed.
Creating a Taxonomy for Mobile Commerce Innovations Using Social Network and Cluster Analyses

Increasing numbers of people are spending time focused on "the third screen" of a mobile device. Through ubiquitous connectivity, personalization, and affordability, such mobile devices have become much more than just entertainment handsets. In particular, e-commerce has harnessed the power of wireless computing to expand to mobile commerce (m-commerce), thus providing consumers with commercial services on the go. Because such services are often driven by customer input, it is important to consider the relevance of consumers to the development of new service offerings. We therefore dissect innovations in m-commerce by conducting a textual analysis of all filed m-commerce patent applications (over 2,300 in total). By using social network analysis and cluster analysis, we subsequently capture the focal innovation areas in m-commerce and develop a corresponding taxonomy of these innovations. The results clearly illustrate the importance of consumer empowerment and co-creation in the context of m-commerce innovations.
A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age.

Earliest known references to menopause have been very scarce. Aristotle referred to age at menopause being 40 years. A French physician coined the term menopause in 1821. Medical interest in menopause increased considerably in mid 19th century. In 1930s people started describing it as a deficiency disease. Consequently, various replenishment therapies were advocated eg. testicular juice, crushed ovaries of animals. In 1970s medicalization of menopause was complete. Menopausal symptoms were ascribed to estrogen deficiency and estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy was exhorted as the ultimate liberation of middle aged women. Synthetic estrogen was developed in 1938. Medical industry (Pharmaceuticals) entered the scenario of menopause in a big way and dominated the center stage. In 1970s International Menopause Society was established. First International Congress on Menopause was also organized in Paris, France in 1976. Various countries have formed national societies on menopause. Symptomatology of menopause differs in different ares of the world e.g In West - hot flush, in Japan shoulder pain and in India low vision are the hallmarks of menopause. HRT use rate is high in West while it is low or negligible in countries like India. Age at menopause is also higher in West as compared to the range of 45-47 years in developing countries like India. Historically also a lower age at menopause was range documented in earlier times. This rose to the range of 50-51 years in the present era.Overall, women in western countries view menopause negatively. This is contrasted with a positive outlook towards menopause in a developing country like India.