Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic radiotherapy against heterotopic ossification following internal fixation of acetabular fractures: a comparative estimate of risk.

OBJECTIVE Radiotherapy (RT) is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) around acetabular fractures requiring surgical reconstruction. We audited outcomes and estimated risks from RT prophylaxis, and alternatives of indometacin or no prophylaxis. METHODS 34 patients underwent reconstruction of acetabular fractures through a posterior approach, followed by a 8-Gy single fraction. The mean age was 44 years. The mean time from surgery to RT was 1.1 days. The major RT risk is radiation-induced fatal cancer. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) method was used to estimate risk, and compared with a method (Trott and Kemprad) specifically for estimating RT risk for benign disease. These were compared with risks associated with indometacin and no prophylaxis. RESULTS 28 patients (82%) developed no HO; 6 developed Brooker Class I; and none developed Class II-IV HO. The ICRP method suggests a risk of fatal cancer in the range of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000; the Trott and Kemprad method suggests 1 in 3000. For younger patients, this may rise to 1 in 2000; and for elderly patients, it may fall to 1 in 6000. The risk of death from gastric bleeding or perforation from indometacin is 1 in 180 to 1 in 900 in older patients. Without prophylaxis risk of death from reoperation to remove HO is 1 in 4000 to 1 in 30,000. CONCLUSION These results are encouraging, consistent with much larger series and endorse our multidisciplinary management. Risk estimates can be used in discussion with patients. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The risk from RT prophylaxis is small, it is safer than indometacin and substantially overlaps with the range for no prophylaxis.
Démonstratifs et accessibilité

Dans cet article, nous essayons d'analyser le fonctionnement des SN et/ou pronoms demonstratifs a l'aide de deux theories qui expliquent le fonctionnement des designateurs a partir du statut cognitif de leurs referents dans la memoire discursive. Ariel soutient que les demonstratifs marquent l'accessibilite moyenne ; Gundel, Hedberg et Zacharski leur assignent des statuts cognitifs particuliers dans leur Hierarchie du Donne. Nous essayons de montrer que l'on ne saurait se passer de la notion de token-reflexivite pour analyser les SN etlou les pronoms demonstratifs francais
What is a spelling error ? The discrepancy between perception and reality

Cette etude analyse la perception et la realite d'un ensemble d'erreurs typiques de l'orthographe de l'hebreu, en comparant des erreurs naturelles et des erreurs intentionnelles selon des perspectives multiples. Les raisons pour lesquelles ces erreurs se produisent sont dues a la presence de graphemes homophones et aux diverses representations des voyelles et des consonnes en hebreu. Les unites orthographiques pouvant remplir des fonctions phonologiques ou morphologiques, les sujets hebreux utilisent des indices morphologiques. Cette etude reprend le point de vue de Karmilotff-Smith qui veut qu'une fois qu'un systeme cognitif est en place, les sujets peuvent l'alterer ou le violer deliberement. Cette analyse peut en outre nous apprendre ce que les scripteurs savent du systeme. Les graphies produites par des scripteurs adolescents et des adultes ont ete testees dans une double condition : naturelle, a l'aide d'un texte dicte, et provoquee, les sujets etant mis en situation de commettre ces erreurs. Dans la condition naturelle, les erreurs diminuent avec l'âge, et elles portent surtout sur des voyelles internes de mots. Dans la situation provoquee, l'âge ne produit plus de differences et la plupart des erreurs affectent les lettres consonantiques de la racine. Ainsi, le probleme le plus important de l'orthographe de l'hebreu concerne les voyelles internes de mots mais, dans la perception qu'en ont les locuteurs, on constate une augmentation massive des erreurs sur les racines, qui deviennent le lieu par excellence des erreurs d'orthographe.
Complete Coding Sequences of Three Members of the Kokobera Group of Flaviviruses

ABSTRACT The Kokobera group of flaviviruses circulates in Australia and Papua, New Guinea, and has been associated with occasional human polyarticular disease. To facilitate future studies to identify virulence determinants, the complete coding regions of the Stratford virus, and isolates of the Bainyik virus and Torres virus were obtained.
Enterotoxin production by lecithinase-positive and lecithinase-negative Clostridium perfringens isolated from food poisoning outbreaks and other sources.

Strains of Clostridium perfringens from a variety of sources were examined for their ability to produce enterotoxin in vitro. Fifty-six of 65 (86%) strains isolated from separate outbreaks of food poisoning were found to be enterotoxigenic, only two of 174 strains from other sources produced enterotoxin. The ability to produce this toxin was not confined to particular serotypes: types frequently encountered as the cause of outbreaks were also isolated as enterotoxin-negative strains from faeces, minced beef and meat carcasses. Loss of toxigenicity was also observed in different serotypes. Five strains of lecithinase-negative Cl. perfringens produced high levels of enterotoxin. Four strains of Clostridium plagarum failed to produce enterotoxin although they were serologically typable with the Cl. perfringens antisera.
Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Nucleoprotein as Antigen for Detection of Antibodies to Avian Influenza Virus

During the avian influenza outbreak of 2003-04 in Southeast Asia, two avian influenza viruses (AIV), one of H5N1 subtype and the other H9N2 subtype, were isolated and identified from local farms. The nudeoprotein (NP) gene of the H5N1 AI isolate was cloned, and the segment encoding amino acid 47-384, which covers its major antigenic domains, was subcloned and expressed in E. coli. Subsequently, the NP (47-384) expression product was purified and used as the diagnostic antigen to develop a NP-based type-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to AI from chicken sera. The ELISA is shown to be specific for AIV and does not cross-react with chicken sera that has antibodies to other avian viruses. The NP(47-384)-ELISA was compared with a hemagglutination inhibition test and a commercial AIV ELISA kit in evaluating 150 sera samples from experimentally AIV-infected or vaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Our NP(47-384)-ELISA was more sensitive than the two tests and showed an 82% agreement ratio with the HI test and an 80.67% agreement ratio with the commercial kit. The NP(47-384)-ELISA and the commercial AIV ELISA were used to evaluate 448 field sera samples from diseased chickens or vaccinated chickens during the 2003-04 AI outbreak in China. The two ELISA tests had a 95% agreement ratio. We conclude that the NP(47-384)-ELISA developed in our laboratory was specific and sensitive and it has great application potential in China's long-term prevention and control of AI.
Peroxisomal ATP Import Is Essential for Seedling Development in Arabidopsis thaliana[W]

Several recent proteomic studies of plant peroxisomes indicate that the peroxisomal matrix harbors multiple ATP-dependent enzymes and chaperones. However, it is unknown whether plant peroxisomes are able to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation or whether external ATP fuels the energy-dependent reactions within peroxisomes. The existence of transport proteins that supply plant peroxisomes with energy for fatty acid oxidation and other ATP-dependent processes has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we describe two Arabidopsis thaliana genes that encode peroxisomal adenine nucleotide carriers, PNC1 and PNC2. Both proteins, when fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, are targeted to peroxisomes. Complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in peroxisomal ATP import and in vitro transport assays using recombinant transporter proteins revealed that PNC1 and PNC2 catalyze the counterexchange of ATP with ADP or AMP. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines repressing both PNC genes were generated using ethanol-inducible RNA interference. A detailed analysis of these plants showed that an impaired peroxisomal ATP import inhibits fatty acid breakdown during early seedling growth and other β-oxidation reactions, such as auxin biosynthesis. We show conclusively that PNC1 and PNC2 are essential for supplying peroxisomes with ATP, indicating that no other ATP generating systems exist inside plant peroxisomes.
Running head : EEG analysis of Parkinson ’ s disease during emotion processing 1 On the analysis of EEG power , frequency and asymmet ry in Parkinson ’ s disease during emotion processing

Objective: While Parkinson’s disease (PD) has traditionally been described as a movement disorder, there is growing evidence of disruption in emotion information processing as ociated with the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are specific electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics that discriminate PD patients and normal controls during emotion information processing. Method: EEG recordings from 14 scalp sites were collected from 20 PD patients and 30 agematched normal controls. Multimodal (audio-visual) stimuli were presented to evoke s pecific targeted emotional states such as happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. Absolute and relative power, frequency and asymmetry measures derived from spectral ly analyzed EEGs were subjected to repeated ANOVA measures for group comparisons as well a to discriminate function analysis to examine their utility as classification indices. In a ddition, subjective ratings were obtained for the used emotional stimuli. Results: Behaviorally, PD patients showed no impairments in emotion recognition as measured by subjective ratings. Compared with normal controls, PD patients evidenced smal ler overall relative delta, theta, alpha and beta power, and at bilateral anterior regi ons smaller absolute theta, alpha, and beta power and higher mean total spectrum frequency across different e motional states. Inter-hemispheric theta, alpha, and beta power asymmetry index differenc es were noted, with controls exhibiting greater right than left hemisphere activation. Wherea s intr -hemispheric alpha power asymmetry reduction was exhibited in patients bilaterally at a regions. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 95.0% of the patients and controls during emotional stimuli. EEG analysis of Parkinson’s disease during emotion processing 3 Conclusion: These distributed spectral powers in different frequency bands might provide meaningful information about emotional processing in PD patients.
Can sensitivity and specificity estimates from research studies be made more meaningful for clinical practice?

Diagnostic accuracy is usually characterised by the sensitivity and specificity of a test and these indices are most commonly presented when reporting evaluations of diagnostic or screening tests. A considerable amount of research effort is expended in evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of both established and new technologies. As an illustration of the scale of this research effort, it is of interest to note that a MEDLINE search for the years 1990–2001 (using the MeSH heading sensitivity and specificity) revealed over 500 publications relating to glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy alone. While other tests have probably received less attention than those for the major ophthalmic health problems, diagnostic accuracy is not uncommonly reported in the ophthalmic literature for investigations arising from a multitude of sources, including: symptoms and history, clinical examination, imaging, psychophysical investigation and occasionally for biochemical or pathological investigations. In a broad sense, each of these forms of investigation can be regarded as a separate diagnostic or screening ‘test’ (Deeks, 2001). As clinicians may wish to decide whether to implement a test on the basis of published findings, it is pertinent to ask to what extent findings from research evaluations are applicable to clinical practice. The applicability of findings from screening or diagnostic test evaluations to clinical practice has received attention in general medical journals (e.g. Jaeschke et al., 1994a, b; Reid et al., 1995; Greenhalgh, 1997; Lijmer et al., 1999; Deeks, 2001), but much less attention in specialist ophthalmic journals (Harper and Reeves, 1999a; Harper et al., 2000). While there is increasing acceptance for the importance of methodological standards for the evaluation of diagnostic tests (Reid et al., 1995; Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Test Methods Group, 1996), these have not been formally adopted by journals. The more important aspects of study quality include:
Evaluation of fungicides for the control of Botryosphaeria protearum on Protea magnifica in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

A range of fungicides was tested in vitro for their effect on mycelial inhibition. Selected products showing potential for disease control were then further tested under field conditions. The most effective fungicides in the in vitro tests were tebuconazole, benomyl, prochloraz mc, iprodione and fenarimol. In field trials, a 25–85% reduction in the occurrence of stem cankers caused by Botryosphaeria protearum was achieved if fungicides were applied or sanitation pruning was implemented. The best control was obtained with treatments of prochloraz mc alternated with mancozeb. Applications of bitertanol and fenarimol also significantly reduced the occurrence of cankers.
School-based intervention to promote coping in rural teens.

PURPOSE To evaluate a program designed to help high school students with depressive symptomology to effectively cope. DESIGN Two-phase experimental study. METHODS Rural high school students (N = 222), ages 14 through 19 years, were surveyed to identify teens with depressive symptomatology, identify stressful life events and coping styles of at-risk subjects, and evaluate a cognitive-behavioral group intervention to enhance students' coping and affect levels of depression. Students with depressive symptomatology were randomized into control (n = 18) or intervention (n = 23) groups. Intervention subjects were treated with a nurse-led, 8-week cognitive skills group, conducted at school. RESULTS On posttesting, the intervention groups demonstrated reduced depressive symptoms in females and a wider range of coping compared with controls. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS School-based nurses are in an ideal position to provide assessment, referral, and intervention programs in the natural setting of the school. Results of this study indicate that such programs can be implemented successfully in schools and have the potential to promote mental health in teenagers.
Association of Three Bacterial Species and Periodontal Status in Chinese Adults: an Epidemiological Approach

ABSTRACT Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia are oral pathogens associated with periodontitis. The association between these three bacteria and periodontal disease has been reported in populations of many countries. However, corresponding data in Chinese populations are still lacking. The aim of this study was to detect these pathogens in subgingival plaque collected from 468 subjects with chronic periodontitis in a group of Chinese adults by using a PCR method and to determine the degree of association between the target bacteria and periodontal status based on logistic regression analysis. A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were found in 20.5%, 70.7%, and 77.1% of the subjects, respectively. About one-third (36.1%) of subjects had chronic periodontitis. Upon univariate analysis, age, male gender, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were positively associated with chronic periodontitis, whereas education and income exhibited inverse associations with chronic periodontitis. Upon multivariate analysis, education, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis remained significant. The adjusted odds ratios for having chronic periodontitis were 2.5 and 3.4 in subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, respectively. However, no significant association was observed between the presence of T. forsythia and periodontal status. This study assesses the prevalence of periodontal pathogens and chronic periodontitis and the associations with sociodemographic characteristics among this group of Chinese adults. These findings also suggest that PCR should be considered for field oral epidemiologic studies and may be necessary in investigations presenting major logistic challenges.
Effects of leukotriene D on the airways in asthma.

One characteristic of patients with asthma is that their airways are exquisitely sensitive to a variety of inhaled stimulants. For example, their airways regularly become obstructed after inhalation of bronchoconstrictor substances at 1/100 to 1/300 of the concentration required to produce a similar response in normal persons.1 2 3 4 This airway hyperresponsiveness is nonspecific: patients react to low concentrations of agents of different chemical classes as well as to substances that are not smooth-muscle constrictors.5 The recent identification of a new family of bronchoconstrictors, the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C, D, and E (previously termed slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, or SRS-A),6 7 8 allows further study .
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Based on Out-of-Plane Anisotropy Free and In-Plane Pinned Layer Structures for Magnetic Field Sensors

We have studied hysteresis, nonlinearity and sensitivity of CoFeB-MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions with out-of-plane and in-plane magnetizations configuration in the CoFeB free and reference layers. The configuration was achieved by using perpendicular interface anisotropy in the free and exchange bias structure in the pinned layers. For the CoFeB thickness range from 1.05 to 1.4 nm the junctions show linear transfer curves. In this CoFeB thickness range devices show linear range from ± 3 Oe to ± 1 kOe, hysteresis better than 0.6 Oe, nonlinearity 1% of the full scale and sensitivity in the range from 0.0045%/Oe to 3.8%/Oe.
Gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

One hundred years have passed since Felix Hoffman, working at Bayer Industries, reported the successful synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid as the first nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). 1,2 At the suggestion of Hermann Dreser, Bayer's chief pharmacologist at the time,3 the compound was called “aspirin” and was purported to represent a convenient mechanism for the delivery of salicylic acid in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, menstrual pain, and fever.2 Approximately 40 years elapsed before Douthwaite and Lintott4 provided endoscopic evidence that aspirin could cause gastric mucosal damage. Numerous reports have corroborated this observation,5–8 and the introduction of more potent agents .
White-Light Electroluminescence From n-ZnO/p-GaN Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diodes at Reverse Breakdown Bias

White-light electroluminescence (EL) from n-type ZnO (n-ZnO)/p-type GaN (p-GaN) heterojunction light-emitting diodes operated at reverse breakdown bias was reported. The n-ZnO epilayers were grown by atomic layer deposition on p-GaN. The electron tunneling from the deep-level states near the ZnO/GaN interface to the conduction band in n-ZnO is responsible for the reverse breakdown. The EL spectrum was composed of the blue light at 450 nm and the broadband around 550 nm, which originated from the Mg acceptor levels in p-GaN and the deep-level states near the ZnO/GaN interface, respectively. The chromaticity coordinate of the EL spectrum was (0.31, 0.36), which is very close to (0.33, 0.33) of the standard white light.
Age‐related changes in astrocytic and ependymal cells of the subventricular zone

Neurogenesis persists in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain. During aging, the SVZ neurogenic capacity undergoes a progressive decline, which is attributed to a decrease in the population of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the behavior of the NSCs that remain in the aged brain is not fully understood. Here we performed a comparative ultrastructural study of the SVZ niche of 2‐month‐old and 24‐month‐old male C57BL/6 mice, focusing on the NSC population. Using thymidine‐labeling, we showed that residual NSCs in the aged SVZ divide less frequently than those in young mice. We also provided evidence that ependymal cells are not newly generated during senescence, as others studies suggest. Remarkably, both astrocytes and ependymal cells accumulated a high number of intermediate filaments and dense bodies during aging, resembling reactive cells. A better understanding of the changes occurring in the neurogenic niche during aging will allow us to develop new strategies for fighting neurological disorders linked to senescence. GLIA 2014;62:790–803
Effect of intramammary device on new infection rate, milk yield, and milk somatic cell counts in maryland dairy herds.

Effectiveness of a polyethylene intramammary device against naturally occurring infections was evaluated in three Maryland herds over 2 yr. Treated cows [62] were fitted with intramammary devices in all quarters of udders. Control cows [62] were sham treated. Rates of new intramammary infection over single lactation in treated and control quarters of primiparous cows averaged 18 and 27%. Reduction of infection rate was due primarily to fewer Corynebacterium bovis infections. Infection rate between multiparous cow treatments were similar. In uninfected quarters cell counts in strippings averaged . 11 to . 13 X 10(6)/ml and in quarters fitted with intramammary devices concentrations were only . 22 to . 31 X 10(6) cells/ml. But in infected quarters with intramammary devices, cell counts of strippings were 1.38 to 1.48 X 10(6)/ml. Concentrations of somatic cells of strippings in infected quarters without devices averaged . 48 to . 63 X 10(6)/ml. Dairy herd improvement cell counts for primiparous and multiparous cows with and without intramammary devices were similar and averaged . 2 X 10(6)/ml. Neither milk nor fat production differed. The intramammary device as currently designed is incapable of stimulating a leukocytosis sufficient in stripping milk to prevent intramammary infection.
Role of the interface on charge build-up in a low-density polyethylene: Surface roughness and nature of the electrode

The aim of this work is to better understand the impact of the nature of the metal and of the surface topology on the charge generation at a metal / dielectric interface. Conduction current and space charge measurements using the pulsed electro-acoustic method (PEA) have been carried out on low density polyethylene (LDPE-A) films with different metal electrodes (Au, Al, Ag, In) in order to evaluate the role of the carriers (hole, electron) injection barrier height on the charge build-up. The impact of the roughness of the interface has also been theoretically investigated. Experimental surface profiles have been introduced in a model able to simulate the surface roughness in two dimensions, and to calculate the electric field and the injection current.