Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Existence of Equilibrium in Discontinuous Games

This paper investigates the existence of pure strategy, dominant strategy, and mixed strategy Nash equilibria in discontinuous games. We introduce a new notion of weak continuity, called weak transfer quasi-continuity, which is weaker than most known weak notions of continuity, including diagonal transfer continuity in Baye et al (1993) and better-reply security in Reny (1999), and holds in a large class of discontinuous games. We show that it, together with strong diagonal transfer quasiconcavity introduced in the paper, is enough to guarantee the existence of Nash equilibria in compact and convex normal form games. We provide sufficient conditions for weak transfer quasi-continuity by introducing notions of weak transfer continuity, weak transfer upper continuity, and weak transfer lower continuity. Moreover, an analogous analysis is applied to show the existence of dominant strategy and mixed strategy Nash equilibria in discontinuous games.
Establishing the Timing of Chemical Deposition Events on Belukha Glacier, Altai Mountains, Russia, Using Pollen Analysis

Abstract In this study, we used a 4.00-m pit on Belukha glacier in Russia's Altai region and attempted to establish the timing of chemical deposition events by analyzing pollen profiles. As the pollen deposition of each examined taxon on the glacier surfaces followed a distinct seasonal phenology, seasonal layers could be identified over a two-year period. The seasonal layer boundaries reconstructed from the pollen analyses were in close agreement with the in situ observations and indicated that the snow deposition on the glacier originates mainly from summer precipitation. The record of oxygen isotope ratios showed a relatively high mean value of −13.3‰, which was attributed to the absence of winter depositions. The formate (HCOO−) concentration records displayed seasonal variation with the highest emissions occurring in the spring, and a dust event in the spring of 2003 was detected from the Mg2+, Ca2+, and dust concentration profiles. Taken together, these results suggest the analysis of pollen profiles in combination with chemical data in snow pits and ice cores may lead to better reconstruction of seasonal variation.
Molecular hydrogen as a new selective anti-oxidation therapeutic medical gas for clinical research

Hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, odorless gas that can act as a reducing agent under certain circumstances. Previously considered physiologically an inert and nonfunctional molecule in mammalian cells, H2 largely went ignored until Nature Medicine revealed the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of hydrogen gas in a focal stroke model. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated inside the body throughout our daily lives as a by-product of the energy metabolism by oxidative phosphorylation, which can cause biofilm system damage and intracellular oxidative phosphorylation disorders. H2 reacts with highly reactive oxidants such as hydroxyl radical (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO) inside cells to improve ischemia reperfusion injury. In addition, hydrogen is a potent antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent and can be used for potential medical applications in cells, tissues and organs. As a new antioxidant, hydrogen has the advantages of non-toxicity, easy diffusion and selective neutralization. This review makes a case for supporting hydrogen as a new antioxidant medicine for clinical applications. We also hope to provide a reference for the further study of hydrogen to preserve blood cells in transfusion medicine.
The effect of pre-processing approach for improving speech intelligibility in a hall: Comparison between diotic and dichotic listening conditions

0.4–1.3 s. Clear improvements were obtained with reverberation times of 0.8–1.2 s. Binaural listening enhances the ability to understand speech in reverberation [15]. Helfer [16] compared the correct rate of binaural hearing with that of diotic hearing at a 1.6 s reverberation time and confirmed that the correct rate of binaural hearing (69.5%) was higher than that of diotic hearing (63.4%). The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of steady-state suppression in two listening environments: dichotic and diotic. In the dichotic case, different stimuli are presented to listener’s right and left ears in the largest lecture hall at Sophia University in Tokyo, Japan. In the diotic case, a speech signal is convolved with the monaural impulse response measured in the same lecture hall and is presented simultaneously to both the right and left earphones. Section 2 presents reverberation conditions used in our perceptual experiments. Section 3 describes Experiment I (a dichotic environment), and Section 4, Experiment II (a diotic environment). Finally, discussions and conclusions are detailed in Section 5. 2. Reverberation condition
A 1° monthly gridded sea‐surface temperature dataset compiled from ICOADS from 1850 to 2002 and Northern Hemisphere frontal variability

Using surface marine data collected in International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) release 2.1, a gridded SST dataset on a monthly, 1° × 1° grid is produced from 1850 to 2002. Some unrealistic features, which are commonly found in the gridded SSTs of ICOADS, are removed by a subjective quality control. Based on the gridded SST data, SST variability associated with the oceanic fronts is investigated for the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
Exploring the Problems of Teaching Translation Theories and Practice at Saudi Universities: A Case Study of Jazan University in Saudi Arabia

The current study deals with the problems of teaching translation from the following perspectives: the significance of translation teaching, the history of translation teaching, teaching materials and teaching methods. The researcher specifically focuses on discovering the problems faced by teachers at the University of Jazan in Saudi Arabia in teaching translation theories and practice. The researcher used a descriptive method in this study to determine the problems faced by teachers in teaching translation. The researcher also distributed a questionnaire to investigate the problems the teachers encountered when teaching translation theories and practice and the questionnaire contained 12 questions. This research did not only reveal the problematic issues encountered but also proposed some practical measures to remedy them. The findings and suggestions would facilitate teachers and relevant authorities to improve the translation teaching methodology in Jazan Universityand the result must not be generalized.
Spatial And Temporal Variations Of TheChemical Composition In Acid Deposition InThe Peak District, Northern England

Six monitoring sites operated on a weekly basis have been established to examine the impact of current emission reduction strategies on ionic concentrations and depositions in an acid sensitive sub-area of the Peak District. Present concentration and deposition values were compared to the monitoring results in the same area in 1988. On average, H* and nss-SO/" ion concentrations have dropped by approximately 60%, compared to their levels 10 years ago, and NCV has decreased by 30%. However, as the present precipitation amount is higher than that of 1988, I-T and nss-SO/" wet depositions have not decreased in similar proportion as their concentrations. Nitrate deposition shows very little decrease. H\ nss-SO/" and NOg" concentrations are generally higher in summer when the precipitation amount is lower. Significant spatial variability with an increasing gradient from north to south is observed for calcium and sulphate concentrations.
Removal of Pb(II) by Modified Natural Adsorbent; Thermodynamics and Kinetics Studies

In the current work, the natural zeolite was modified with cobalt hexacyanoferrate and employed for adsorbent of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The modification was approved by XRD and FTIR techniques. The Pb(II) adsorption capacity enhanced by 1.8 times from 60 mg/g (natural zeolite) to 100 mg/g (modified zeolite) at optimal conditions. Factors such as time, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration were investigated to optimize the adsorption condition. A fast sorption was observed in the initial contact time and equilibrium was achieved in less than 120 min. The optimum pH for lead removal was between 3 and 6. The adsorption capacity was increased and reached the maximum of 90 % at 2 g/L adsorbent dosage. Also, the adsorption increased as the concentration increased up to 500 mg/L and the sorption became constant at higher concentration. It was found that the double-exponential model describes the lead sorption kinetics and the Langmuir–model describe the isotherms.
Characterization of HFO1234ze mixtures with N2 and CO2 for use as gaseous electrical insulation media

: The hydroﬂuorooleﬁne HFO1234ze was recently proposed as an environment-friendly gas for use in medium or high voltage electrical insulation. Due to its relatively high boiling ( 254 K), it should be used as part of a gas mixture. In this work, the electric properties of HFO1234ze mixtures with N 2 and CO 2 are experimentally characterized using a pulsed Townsend setup. For this purpose, the electric displacement current of electron avalanches in these gas mixtures is recorded and analyzed. The analysis yields the eﬀective ionization rate constant (and in particular the critical electric ﬁeld), the electron drift velocity and the electron diﬀusion coeﬃcient. These results are applied to assess the potential of such mixtures for medium and high voltage insulation applications.
Analysis of Dominance in Small Music Ensemble

This study addresses the application of the Multi-Scale Fuzzy Entropy Analysis to investigate dominance in small music ensemble. Taking a string quartet as the case for study, it confirms and extends previous results found in [8] revealing that dominance over others may be achieved through the regulation of individual and group’s behavior complexity.
Spatial variation of total CO2 and total alkalinity in the northern Indian Ocean : A novel approach for the quantification of anthropogenic CO2 in seawater

As part of a cooperative effort of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) program, we have measured total CO 2 (TCO2) and total alkalinity (TA) along three sections in the northern Indian Ocean. One section through the Gulf of Aden to theArabian Sea is parallel to the coast ofYemen. One section is across theArabian Sea along the nominal 9N latitude and the other section is across the Bay of Bengal along the nominal 10N latitude. The measurements were performed on board R/V Knorr in September-October 1995. The primary purpose of this work is to understand the penetration of anthropogenic CO 2 along these ocean sections. Here, we present a novel approach to the calculation of anthropogenic CO 2 in the ocean based upon the fundamentals of water-sources mixing. Consequently, we e rst describe the observations and mixing of water-sources before we describe the quantie cation of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in these waters. The data show large spatial variations in surface seawater of both total CO2 (up to 50 µ mol kg 2 1 ) and total alkalinity (up to 40 µ mol kg 2 1 ). The variations are mainly associated with physical processes characterized by water masses of different temperature and salinity. For example, at depths we observed low TCO 2 concentration at longitude 54E 6 2E associated with the low-salinity water mass e owing northward. The contrasts between the sections across the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal emphasize the large property differences between the two ocean basins. Multiparametric analyses on the data clearly show the relative contributions of different water-sources in each of the ocean sections. The mixing coefficients calculated from the multiparametric analyses are further used to quantify anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations in each water-source. The results indicate that the surface water-sources contain 47.8, 42.1 and 50.4 µ mol kg 2 1 in the Gulf ofAden, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, respectively. In the surface waters there is slightly more anthropogenic CO 2 across the Bay of Bengal than across the Arabian Sea. In contrast, anthropogenic CO 2 has penetrated signie cantly deeper in the Gulf of Aden than in the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal.
An update on conventional and molecular breeding approaches for improving fiber quality traits in cotton - A review

The cultivated Gossypium spp. represents the most important, natural fibre crop in the world. India is the only country cultivating all the four cultivated species of cotton. Among the Gossypium spp. , Gossypium hirsutum is the most cultivated species in many countries. Breeding for high cotton yield is still the primary goal of cotton breeding programs, but improving fibre quality has become increasingly important. The enhancement of fibre quality traits like fibre length, strength, and fibre fineness is an essential requirement for the modern textile industry. G. hirsutum is characterized by its high lint yield while Gossypium barbadense has good fibre quality. Through a conventional breeding strategy, introgression of useful alleles for fibre quality from wild species and G. barbadense to G. hirsutum will be the effective way to improve the fibre quality traits. The identification of the stable quantitative trailt loci (QTLs) affecting fiber traits across different generations will be very helpful in molecular marker-assisted selection to improve fiber quality of cotton cultivars. In this review, we present an overview of the genetics and conventional and molecular breeding techniques that have been used to increase the favorable fibre quality traits in cotton. Keywords: Cotton, fibre quality traits, simple sequence repeat (SSR), restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), quantitative trait loci (QTLs) African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol. 13(10), pp. 1097-1108, 5 March, 2014
Marketing Of Onion in Aliero Central Market, Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State

The study was carried out in Aliero central market in Aliero local Government Area of kebbi state to examine the marketing of onion. It examined the socio-economic characteristics of onion marketers, profitability of onion marketing, market structure and performance of the market. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 respondents through structured questionnaires supplemented with oral interviews to collect relevant data from the study . Descriptive statistics, gross margin, marketing margin and Gini co efficient were used to analyze the data. The result obtained showed that, all the onion marketers were males (100%) and 56.6% of them had Qur’an education. The profitability analysis showed that an average marketer incurred an average total variable cost of N 14, 472.12k and N15, 325.33k for both wholesalers and retailers respectively, which indicates that an average marketer earned N5,402.88k and N4,340.67k for wholesalerss and retailers as their gross margin respectively . The problems limiting efficient onion marketing in the study area; poor transportation, large number of middlemen, inadequate storage facilities, lack of farmer’s organization and pests and diseases. Therefore, there is need to rehabilitate roads, reduce fuel price, and provide storage facilities by the Government for the improvement of onion marketing in the area.
On the Bandwidth of a Product of Complete Graphs

ON THE BANDWIDTH OF A PRODUCT OF COMPLETE GRAPHS by Eric Appelt The purpose of this paper is to discuss the graph bandwidth problem applied to a Cartesian product of complete graphs (Hamming graphs). Consideration is given to general techniques for bounding the bandwidth, as well as the combinatorial method of compression. While the main focus is the exposition of the asymptotically sharp bounds of the general case found by Harper, original results are given concerning a formula for the bandwidth of a cube as well as bounds for a product of two cliques of differing sizes. On the Bandwidth of a Product of Complete Graphs
What Online Networks Offer: Online Network Compositions and Online Learning Experiences of Three Ethnic Groups

This exploratory study examines ethno-cultural diversity in youth´s narratives regarding their online learning experiences while also investigating how these narratives can be understood from the analysis of their online network structure and composition. Based on ego-network data of 79 respondents this study compared the characteristics of the online social networks of native Dutch, Moroccan-Dutch, and Turkish-Dutch youth. Subsequently, thirty interviews were analyzed to compare youth’s narratives regarding two aspects typically associated with 21th century online learning: ‘ individual online exploration’ , and ‘ participation, collaboration and exchange of information in online communities’ . The results show that the three ethnic groups significantly differ regarding their online network composition. Youth’s narratives also reveal that their online learning experiences are ethno-specific. Youth differ regarding the nature of online communities in which they search for information, make new contacts and distribute their own media creations. For example, Turkish-Dutch youth primarily engage in their own ethnic transnational networks to find information and to share media content, whereas Moroccan-Dutch youth seem more open to develop new contacts and to search for information outside of their familiar network. It is suggested that these ethno-specific narratives can be understood as resonating specific network configurations.
Questioning the Instruction Assumption: Implications for Education Policy and Practice

This article examines and questions the instruction assumption, the widespread but usually-implicit assumption that student learning inherently requires direct and formal teacher instruction. The instruction assumption has profoundly influenced education in America and elsewhere, and several indicators of its broad acceptance are described. An alternative assumption is described, one that assumes that students are capable of playing an active role in initiating much of their own learning. Contrasting social contexts, personal experiences, goals, and intellectual traditions influence the acceptance of the instruction assumption or of the assumption favoring substantial student-initiated learning. Evidence is presented that challenges the instruction assumption, including evidence regarding early reading, cross-curricular effects, motivation, soft skills, 21st century skills, alternative schools, unschooling, and large-scale comparison studies. The article explores the possibility that formal instruction may often be counterproductive, and may be unnecessary for much learning that we often assume requires such instruction. Three real-world challenges that can help people transcend the instruction assumption are described: a re-examination of the meaning of test scores; the stories we tell ourselves about education; and reflections on our own non-instructional learning. The broad implication of this analysis is the need for a paradigm change in education.
Facial Expression: The Ability to Distinguish Between Enjoyment and Nonenjoyment Smiles

82 COPYRIGHT 2013 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 18, NO. 2/ISSN 2164-8204) The most frequently used and most easily recognized facial expression is the smile (Ekman, 2009). However, simply because a person is smiling doesn’t always mean they are happy. Like other facial expressions, smiling can be produced spontaneously or deliberately. Spontaneous smiles are most commonly referred to as enjoyment smiles and are produced in response to emotional stimuli (Darwin & Ekman, 2009; Duchenne & Cuthbertson, 1990; Ekman 2009; Ekman & Friesen, 1982; Ekman, Hager & Friesen, 1981; Hager & Ekman, 1985). They involve the presence of the orbicularis oculi, the facial muscle surrounding each eye socket (Figure 1), in conjunction with the zygomaticus major, the facial muscle extending from each cheekbone to the corners of the mouth (Figure 2). In an enjoyment smile, the lip corners are pulled upward, the cheeks are lifted, and the eyes are narrowed producing wrinkles commonly referred to as crow’s feet (Frank & Ekman, 1993). Deliberate smiles are produced by voluntarily contracting the zygomaticus major muscles, which reach from the cheekbone to the corners of the lips and are called nonenjoyment smiles. The present manuscript focuses on answering the following questions: Can enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles be interpreted? If so, at what level of accuracy? And what facial feature is the most helpful in making that distinction?
The Transmission of Pricing Information of Dually-Listed between Hong Kong and New York Stock Exchange

The study investigates the transmission of pricing information between Hong Kong Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. Using the opening and closing stock prices of these two markets from Jan. 2003 to Apr. 2007 with the method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression, we draw the conclusions that: 1) intraday returns of Chinese dually-listed stocks is influenced more obviously by Hang Seng Index than Dow-Jones Average; 2) transmission of pricing information is only from New York to Hong Kong; 3) intraday returns of stocks from New York Stock Exchange has a remarkable influence on that of the next day in Hongkong market, but the stocks price of Hong Kong Stock Exchange has no relation with which of New York Stock Exchange.
ICCAS 2005 June 2-5 , KINTEX , Gyeonggi-Do , Korea Practical Pinch Torque Detection Algorithm for Anti-Pinch Window Control System Application

A practical pinch torque estimator based on the Kalman filter is proposed for low-cost anti-pinch window control systems. To obtain the accurate angular velocity from Hall-effect sensor measurements, the angular velocity calculation algorithm is executed with additional procedures for removing the measurement noises. Apart from the previous works using the angular velocity estimates and torque estimates for detecting the pinched condition, the torque rate is augmented to the system model and the proposed pinch estimator is derived by applying the steady-state Kalman filter recursion to the model. The motivation of this approach comes from the idea that the bias errors in torque estimates due to the motor parameter uncertainties can be almost eliminated by introducing the torque rate state. For detecting the pinched condition, a systematic way to determine the threshold level of the torque rate estimates is also suggested via the deterministic estimation error analysis. Simulation results are given to certify the pinch detection performance of the proposed algorithm and its robustness against the motor parameter uncertainties.