Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological study of BRS, a new bicarbonated Ringer's solution, in haemorrhagic shock dogs

Background and objectives: Sodium bicarbonate is the most physiological alkalinizing agent. The effect of a new bicarbonated Ringer's solution (BRS) containing Mg2+, on metabolic acidosis and serum magnesium abnormality were evaluated and compared with those of acetated Ringer's (ARS), lactated Ringer's (LRS) and Ringer's (RS) solutions in an experimental haemorrhagic shock model with dogs. Methods: Animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 in each group), a sham‐operated group, an operated group without infusion, and 4 operated groups with infusion (BRS, ARS, LRS and RS groups). Each RS was intravenously administered at 60 mL kg−1 h−1 for 1.5 h. Arterial blood gases, plasma electrolytes and cardiovascular parameters were analysed. Results: BRS significantly improved blood base excess values, which were decreased by blood‐letting, faster and more markedly than did LRS and RS (BRS −6.3 ± 0.5 mEq L−1; LRS −9.2 ± 1.1 mEq L−1; RS −12.4 ± 1.0 mEq L−1 at the end of infusion). The alkalinizing effect of BRS tended to be better than that of ARS but not significantly so. The serum Mg2+ concentration was well‐maintained by BRS as compared to other RS (BRS 1.5 ± 0.0 mg dL−1; ARS 1.2 ± 0.0 mg dL−1; LRS 1.1 ± 0.0 mg dL−1; RS 1.3 ± 0.1 mg dL−1, at the end of infusion). Conclusions: These results suggest that BRS is a suitable perioperative solution for metabolic acidosis and serum electrolyte balance among RS tested.
Death After Graft Loss: An Important Late Study Endpoint in Kidney Transplantation

Traditional study endpoints utilized in renal transplantation have included graft survival, and death with a functioning graft. We analyzed the risk factors for death after allograft loss (DAGL) among a total of 78 564 primary renal transplants reported to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from 1988 to 1998. Cox models were used to investigate risk factors for DAGL. Of 15 528 deaths, 10 816 occurred before, and 4712 occurred after graft loss. Overall annual adjusted death rates were more than 3‐fold higher after graft loss as compared to before graft loss (9.42% vs. 2.81%). By Cox model, dialysis for more than 2 years was associated with a more than 2‐fold relative risk for DAGL (RR = 2.2, CI = 1.88–2.53), while transplant time was not associated with DAGL. Infection related graft losses showed a strong association with DAGL (RR = 1.64, CI = 1.31–2.07). Acute rejection and thrombosis as causes of graft loss were also significantly associated with the risk for DAGL (RR = 1.35, CI = 1.23–1.47 and RR = 1.39, CI = 1.39). Patient survival after graft loss is poor. The lack of association between DAGL and transplant time, as opposed to the strong relation to pretransplant dialysis time, would suggest the adverse effects of previous uremia‐mediated damage may be contributing to this phenomenon, along with the adverse effects of loss of renal function.
Metabonomic evaluation of Schaedler altered microflora rats.

Previously, we identified two distinct metabonomic phenotypes in Sprague-Dawley rats sourced from two different rooms (colonies) in the Charles River, Raleigh facility [Robosky, L. C. , Wells, D. F. , Egnash, L. A. , Manning, M. L. , Reily, M. D. , and Robertson, D. G. (2005) Metabonomic identification of two distinct phenotypes in Sprague-Dawley (Crl:CD(SD)) rats. Toxicol. Sci. 87, 277-284]. On the basis of literature reports and cohabitation experiments, we concluded that the differing phenotypes were due to different gut flora populations. One hypothesis explaining this phenomenon was attributed to the practice of initiating new colonies with rats derived from foundation colonies that had limited gut floral populations, the Charles River altered Schaedler flora (CRASF) rats. We hypothesized that the lack of differentiation of CRASF rats to the full complement of microflora was responsible for the altered phenotype characterized by increased urinary chlorogenic acid metabolites and decreased hippurate (CA rats) as opposed to the prevalent phenotype characterized by the inverse ratio of these metabolites (HIP rats). Upon receipt, it was confirmed that the CRASF rats exhibited a metabonomic profile similar to CA rats that remained constant while animals were housed individually in a dedicated animal room. However, exposure of CRASF rats to HIP rats, or their bedding, led to a relatively rapid but variable rate of reversion to the historic HIP type metabolic profile. On the basis of the results, we conclude that CRASF rats have a unique metabolic profile due to their limited gut flora constitution. If rigorous isolation procedures are not employed, the CRASF phenotype will eventually differentiate into the more typical HIP phenotype with a time course that may be quite variable. Given the marked metabolic heterogeneity between the phenotypes, this work highlights the importance of monitoring rat metabolic profiles.
In Vivo Transfection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene or Nuclear Factor &kgr;B shRNA in Nodose Ganglia Improves Aortic Baroreceptor Function in Heart Failure Rats

Arterial baroreflex sensitivity is attenuated in chronic heart failure (CHF) state, which is associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with CHF. Our previous study showed that CHF-induced sodium channel dysfunction in the baroreceptor neurons was involved in the blunted baroreflex sensitivity in CHF rats. Mitochondria-derived superoxide overproduction decreased expression and activation of the sodium channels in the baroreceptor neurons from CHF rats. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the sodium channel dysfunction in the baroreceptor neurons from CHF rats remain unknown. We tested the involvement of nuclear factor &kgr;B (NF&kgr;B) in the sodium channel dysfunction and evaluated the effects of in vivo transfection of manganese superoxide dismutase gene and NF&kgr;B shRNA on the baroreflex function in CHF rats. CHF was developed at 6 to 8 weeks after left coronary artery ligation in adult rats. Western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation data showed that phosphorylated NF&kgr;B p65 and ability of NF&kgr;B p65 binding to the sodium channel promoter were increased in the nodose ganglia from CHF rats. In vivo transfection of adenoviral manganese superoxide dismutase gene or lentiviral NF&kgr;B p65 shRNA into the nodose ganglia partially reversed CHF-reduced sodium channel expression and cell excitability in the baroreceptor neurons and improved CHF-blunted arterial baroreflex sensitivity. Additionally, transfection of adenoviral manganese superoxide dismutase also inhibited the augmentation of phosphorylated NF&kgr;B p65 in the nodose neurons from CHF rats. The present study suggests that superoxide–NF&kgr;B signaling contributes to CHF-induced baroreceptor dysfunction and resultant impairment of baroreflex function.
ANALISIS CURAHAN TENAGA KERJA DAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA PETERNAK SAPI PERAH

Penelitian mengenai analisis curahan tenaga kerja dan pendapatan keluarga peternak sapi perah dilakukan pada peternak sapi perah di Kelurahan Cipageran, Kecamatan Cimahi Utara, Kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 16 hingga 31 Mei 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah curahan tenaga kerja dan pendapatan keluarga, dan pengaruh dari jumlah curahan tenaga kerja terhadap pendapatan keluarga peternak sapi perah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey melalui pendekatan kuantitatif yang selanjutnya data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 orang peternak sapi perah yang berada di Kelurahan Cipageran, Kecamatan Cimahi Utara, Kota Cimahi. Rata-rata kepemilikan ternak responden di daerah tersebut yakni sebanyak 2 ekor induk laktasi. Kata Kunci: Curahan Tenaga Kerja, Pendapatan Keluarga, Peternakan Sapi Perah.
Lead and essential trace element levels in school children: A cross-sectional study

Background: Nutritional status is thought to modulate susceptibility to lead (Pb) toxicity. The type and nature of these interactions needs to be investigated. Aim: To assess the prevalence of sub-clinical Pb toxicity (defined by ≥ 10 μ_rm;g/dL blood levels) and trace element deficiencies (Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Magnesium (Mg)) and to find out their possible relationship, if any. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a total of 195 school children residing in urban (n = 65), urban heavy traffic (n = 65) and urban industrial (n = 65) zones of Hyderabad, India. Blood Pb, trace element levels, haemoglobin and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity was measured. Results: High blood lead levels ( ≥ 10 μ_rm;g/dL) were observed in 54.3% of children while percentage prevalence of trace element deficiencies such as Fe (16.2%), Zn (68.6%), Mg (41.7%) and Cu (25%) were also high in children included in the study. Higher blood Pb levels and reduced δ-ALAD activity was observed in children residing in heavy traffic and industrial areas. Blood Pb levels but not δ-ALAD activity correlated inversely with serum Fe in heavy traffic and industrial children, respectively. Interestingly, δ-ALAD activity but not blood Pb levels correlated inversely with trace element levels only in urban children. Conclusions: These results suggest higher prevalence of sub-clinical Pb toxicity and trace element deficiencies in urban children. Further, high blood Pb levels appear to be correlated with reduced δ-ALAD activity and iron status in Pb exposed children.
Examination of relationships among trait-like individual differences, state-like individual differences, and learning performance.

Several authors (e.g., J.T. Austin & H.J. Klein, 1996; R. Kanfer, 1990b, 1992) have urged researchers to examine comprehensive models of distal individual differences as predictors of proximal motivational processes and performance. Two field studies in an academic setting tested a model of relationships among trait-like individual differences (cognitive ability, general self-efficacy, and goal orientation), state-like individual differences (state anxiety, task-specific self-efficacy, and goals), and learning performance. Most hypothesized relationships among these constructs received support when tested on 2 samples, when examining different performance episodes, and when using different goal orientation and state-anxiety measures. In general, state-like individual differences were found to mediate the relationships between trait-like individual differences and learning performance. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma: A Study of 33 Cases Emphasizing Its Pathologic, Immunophenotypic, and Biologic Uniqueness From Juvenile Hemangioma

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KH) is a rare tumor of childhood often associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) and occasionally lymphangiomatosis. Although generally considered distinct from other vascular neoplasms, its rarity has precluded a thorough study of its immunophenotypic profile and long-term behavior. Thirty-three cases of KH were reviewed and immunostained for alpha-smooth muscle actin, various endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, vWf, FLI1), a platelet marker (CD61), and the juvenile hemangioma-associated markers GLUT-1 and Lewis Y antigen (LeY). In addition, the presence of HHV-8 was evaluated by RT-PCR. The patients (20 males and 13 females) ranged in age from 2 weeks to 20 years (mean 3 years 9 months). Tumors developed on the extremities (17 cases), head/neck (8 cases), and other sites (8 cases) and affected both superficial and deep soft tissue. Those in the skin presented as slightly raised blue-red lesions. More than half of the patients presented with KMP (14 of 25). Tumors consisted of irregular, infiltrating nodules of compressed vessels, which modulated between areas resembling a capillary hemangioma and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Endothelial cells in nodules were CD31, CD34, and FLI1 positive but negative for GLUT1 and LeY. Scattered “epithelioid” or glomeruloid islands featuring endothelium associated with clusters of plump alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive pericytes, stippled hemosiderin, and CD61-positive fibrin thrombi likely represent the morphologic sites of platelet consumption. Small and large lymphatic channels occurred in 22 of 33 cases and were typically seen peripheral or deep to the main tumor mass. HHV-8 transcripts were not identified (0 of 3 cases). Follow-up information was available in 22 patients (range 8 months to 15 years; mean 2 years) and indicated that 3 died of disease, 8 were alive with disease, and 10 were alive without residual disease. Two patients developed regional perinodal soft tissue involvement, but none developed distant metastases. KH is a lesion having both a vascular and lymphatic component. Its common association with KMP probably relates in part to unique architectural features that favor turbulent blood flow and platelet activation. KH can also be reliably separated from JH by GLUT-1 and LeY immunostaining, indicating differences in the morphologic and functional attributes of the endothelium between the two lesions. The absence of HHV-8 in KH underscores a different pathogenesis from Kaposi sarcoma. Our study, the largest to date, emphasizes that mortality is due to KMP and not metastatic disease, which appears limited to regional perinodal soft tissue. Given this behavior, its continued classification as a vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy is warranted.
Reassessment of oral frenula in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: A study of 32 patients with the hypermobility type

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) comprises a group of heritableconnective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobilityand skin, vascular, and soft tissue fragility. Among them, thehypermobility type (EDS-HT), which is now considered indistin-guishable from the joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) [Tinkleet al., 2009], is likely the most common variant with a presumedpopulation prevalence of 1% [Hakim and Sahota, 2006]. Itremains a largely underrecognized, and, consequently, untreatedcondition.InordertohelppractitionersindealingwithJHS/EDS-HT, speciﬁc diagnostic criteria were established [Grahame et al.,2000], but the need of revising them is pressing [Remvig et al.,2011]. De Felice et al. [2001] indicated the absence of lingual/lowerlabialfrenulaasapossiblesigninJHS/EDS-HTandEDSclassictype(EDS-CT). SubsequentobservationsonEDS-HT/EDS-CTpatientsandsubjectswithunspeciﬁedEDSfailedtoconﬁrmthissuggestion[B€ohm et al., 2001; Shankar et al., 2006]. However, the debatepersists with research groups still proposing the absence of oralfrenula as a possible diagnostic sign in various forms of EDS[Perrinaud et al., 2007; Machet et al., 2010]. We evaluated32 patients with JHS/EDS-HT in order to estimate the rate andpossible presentation of oral frenulum involvement in this EDSsubtype (Fig. 1). Subjectswereselectedfromsome100indexpatientswithvariousforms of EDS attending our multidisciplinary joint hypermobilityclinic. Selection was based on the patient’s availability to undergofurtherintraoralstudies.DiagnosisofJHS/EDS-HTwasassessedonthebasisofpublisheddiagnosticcriteriaforJHS[Brightoncriteria;Grahameetal. ,2000]andEDS-HT[Villefranchecriteria;Beightonet al., 1998]. In our clinical practice, the Brighton criteria are themoststringentforyoung–adult,adultandolderpatients,whiletheVillefranchecriteriaarethebestforindividualsinthepediatricage.Patientswereincludediftheymetatleasteitheroneofthesetwosetsofcriteria. Both sets comprise generalized joint hypermobility as amajormanifestation.Accordingly,generalizedjointhypermobilitywasassessedapplyingtheBeightonscore[Beightonetal. ,1973]andconsideredpresentwithascoreof4/9fortheBrightoncriteriaand5/9 for the Villefranche criteria. Further maneuvers were alsoapplied in order to estimate joint mobility outside the jointsevaluated for Beighton score calculation. Skin/superﬁcial connec-tive tissue aspects were assessed qualitatively on the basis ofaccumulated experience. Additional ﬁndings, actually not incor-poratedineithersetofcriteria,werealsoregistered.Otherheritableconnective tissue disorders were excluded clinically. Individualswith a doubtful or incomplete diagnosis were also excluded.Twenty-nine were females (90.6%) and 3 males (9.4%) [meanage(SD)¼31. 1(12.4)]. Mainmanifestations were summarizedinTable I. According to previous studies qualitatively investigatingthe rate of inferior labial and lingual frenula hypoplasia in EDS[B€ohm et al., 2001; De Felice et al., 2001; Shankar et al., 2006;
AUGUST STREAM DISCHARGE TRENDS PORTEND IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE NORTHERN ROCKIES

August is a critical time for aquatic ecosystems in the Northern Rockies (NR) region due to the characteristics of the snowmelt dominated watersheds and the regional climate. To date there has been limited effort to evaluate August stream discharge trends in the NR. Discharge rates directly affect in-stream temperature, health and function of aquatic ecosystems during summer months. The purpose of this study was to determine if mean August stream discharge values have decreased over the last half-century and if low discharge values are occurring more frequently. Using historic discharge data from United States Geologic Survey’s national water information system web interface, we analyzed data for trends of 40-59 years. Combining of these records along with aerial photos (with <10m resolution) and water rights records we selected gauging sites based on the length and continuity of discharge records and categorized each site based on the amount of diversion and location of water storage devices. Local significance was examined using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and regional significance was obtained using a bootstrap procedure in combination with the Mann-Kendall test. Our analyses indicate that watersheds throughout the NR are experiencing substantial declines in stream discharge and we have found that 75% of all stations exhibit a declining slope. The bootstrap analysis explored here indicates a significant (α ≤ 0.10) decline in discharge from 1951-2008. This regional assessment of stream discharge trends will provide invaluable information for local, county and state conservation plans and help to understand the severity of action needed to address decreasing discharge in the future.
Hydrogen Bonding at a Conserved Threonine in Lentivirus Capsid Is Required for Virus Replication

ABSTRACT The N terminus of the capsid protein (CA) undergoes a considerable conformational change when the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease cleaves it free from the Pr55Gag polyprotein. This rearrangement is thought to facilitate the establishment of specific CA-CA interactions that are required for the formation of the mature viral core. Substitution of amino acids that are critical for this refolding of the N terminus is generally detrimental to virus replication and mature virion core morphology. Here, we identify a conserved threonine in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CA, T(47)CA, that is requisite for viral replication. Replacement of T(47)CA in the infectious viral clone SIVmac239 with amino acids with different hydrogen-bonding capabilities and analysis of the effects of these substitutions at key steps in the viral life cycle demonstrate that hydrogen bonding at this position is important for virus infectivity and virion release. In the HIV-based homology model of the mature SIV CA N terminus presented in this study, T(47)CA forms several hydrogen bonds with a proximal aspartate, D(50)CA. This model, coupled with strong phenotypic similarities between viral substitution mutants of each of these two residues in all of the virological assays described herein, indicates that hydrogen bonding between T(47)CA and D(50)CA is likely required for viral replication. As hydrogen bonding between these two residues is present in HIV CA as well, this interaction presents a potential target for antiviral drug design.
Efficacy and tolerability of a new monophasic, double-crosslinked hyaluronic acid filler for correction of deep lines and wrinkles.

BACKGROUND A monophasic, highly crosslinked hyaluronic acid dermal filler offers further treatment options for deep lines. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of Belotero. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 149 patients received injections. Efficacy was assessed on the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Adverse events were recorded at each evaluation session. RESULTS Mean WSRS improved significantly (P<0.001) by 1.9 score points without any decline throughout the 12-week period. Improvement was found in 89.9 percent of patients on the (GAIS), 59.7 percent of whom were designated as very much/much improved. Investigator and patient satisfaction was stated in more than 90 percent of cases as excellent/good. Adverse events, exclusively localized to the injection area, occurred in 85.9 percent of patients immediately after injection and declined to 12.8 percent in week 2. None were serious. CONCLUSION The findings indicate the benefit of the highly cross-linked, monophasic hyaluronic acid dermal filler, especially in the treatment of patients with deep and extremely deep folds. Overall, the filler appears to be well tolerated. This evaluation raised no major safety concerns.
Financial Advice And Investment Decisions A Manifesto For Change

Thank you very much for reading financial advice and investment decisions a manifesto for change. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this financial advice and investment decisions a manifesto for change, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.
Crop Insurance Demand More Elastic than Previously Thought

Government subsidization of insurance is commonly employed as a policy tool to incentivize risk management activities. In the United States, a number of examples of subsidized insurance or reinsurance markets exist, including health insurance markets, agricultural insurance, flood insurance, and terrorism insurance, among others. There has also been an explosion in subsidizing agricultural index insurance programs in developing countries. Risk management programs have taken on a central focus in the current U.S. agricultural policy debate, as the environment has shifted from one that historically was more focused on direct payment programs and other income support measures, to one which today is more focused on agricultural insurance and providing risk management support to farmers (Woodard, 2013). The United States Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) is the largest agricultural insurance program globally and historically. It has grown from a small pilot to what is now the cornerstone of agricultural support in the United States, with around $100 billion in liabilities and $10 billion in taxpayer costs annually. Due to its drastic growth and the subsidies involved, increased attention and scrutiny has been placed on its functioning—including rating, design, and other aspects— as well as cost effectiveness (GAO, 2014).