Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity of bulbar respiratory neurons during fictive coughing and swallowing in the decerebrate cat.

1. The behaviour of medullary respiratory neurons was studied during fictive coughing and swallowing evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) in decerebrate, paralysed and artificially ventilated cats. Fictive coughing, swallowing and respiration were monitored by recording activities of the phrenic, hypoglossal and abdominal nerves. 2. Extracellular recordings were made from respiratory neurons in the ventral respiratory group (VRG) and in the Bötzinger complex (BOT). The neuronal types analysed included decrementing inspiratory neurons (I‐DEC), augmenting expiratory neurons (E‐AUG) and decrementing expiratory neurons (E‐DEC) from the BOT area, and augmenting inspiratory neurons (I‐AUG) and augmenting expiratory neurons (E‐AUG) from the VRG area. 3. During fictive coughing, all the inspiratory and expiratory neurons were active during the inspiratory and expiratory phases of coughing, respectively. The firing of both I‐DEC and I‐AUG neurons was increased and prolonged in association with the augmented inspiratory activity of the phrenic nerve. The activity of E‐AUG neurons of the VRG did not parallel the abdominal nerve activity, suggesting the existence of additional neurons which participate in the generation of abdominal nerve activity during fictive coughing. 4. During fictive swallowing, half of I‐DEC neurons fired transiently at the onset of hypoglossal bursts associated with swallowing; the firing was suppressed during the rest of the hypoglossal bursts. Other I‐DEC neurons were silent during hypoglossal bursts. Some I‐AUG neurons fired during the initial half of hypoglossal bursts, and others were silent. The brief phrenic activity accompanying the swallowing might have originated from this activity in I‐AUG neurons. The discharges of all E‐AUG neurons (BOT and VRG) and the majority of E‐DEC BOT neurons were suppressed during swallowing. 5. We conclude that these five types of respiratory neurons of the BOT and VRG are involved in the generation of the spatiotemporally organized activity of coughing and swallowing, and that at least a part of the neuronal network for respiration is shared by networks for these non‐respiratory activities.
Drosophila S3 ribosomal protein accelerates repair of 8‐oxoguanine performed by human and mouse cell extracts

The S3 ribosomal protein of Drosophila melanogaster possesses various DNA repair activities, including the capacity to incise at apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine (8‐oxoG) residues. We have recently hypothesized that this multifunctional protein may improve the efficiency of DNA base excision repair (BER) in mammalian cells. We have investigated the effect of pure GST‐tagged Drosophila S3 on BER of different endogenous lesions performed by human and mouse cell extracts. Drosophila S3 significantly accelerated the BER of 8‐oxoG (initiated by the bifunctional glycosylase OGG1). The stimulating effect was linked to the capacity of S3 to remove the 8‐oxoG lesion and cleave the resulting AP site, rather than acceleration of downstream steps of the BER pathway (e.g., removal of 3′ blocking fragments). No stimulating effect was observed on the BER of uracil, natural AP sites, and β‐lyase‐cleaved AP sites. Heterologous expression of Drosophila S3 may be used to enhance 8‐oxoG repair in human cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:50–58, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning, expression, and regulation of the Pseudomonas cepacia protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase genes

The genes for the alpha and beta subunits of the enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3) were cloned from the Pseudomonas cepacia DBO1 chromosome on a 9.5-kilobase-pair PstI fragment into the broad-host-range cloning vector pRO2317. The resultant clone was able to complement protocatechuate 3,4-dioxugenase mutations in P. cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas putida. Expression studies showed that the genes were constitutively expressed and subject to catabolite repression in the heterologous host. Since the cloned genes exhibited normal induction patterns when present in P. cepacia DBO1, it was concluded that induction was subject to negative control. Regulatory studies with P. cepacia wild-type and mutant strains showed that protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is induced either by protocatechuate or by beta-carboxymuconate. Further studies of P. cepacia DBO1 showed that p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2), the preceding enzyme in the pathway, is induced by p-hydroxybenzoate and that beta-carboxymuconate lactonizing enzyme, which catalyzes the reaction following protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, is induced by both p-hydroxybenzoate and beta-ketoadipate.
Influence Of The Democratic Climate Of Classrooms On Student Civic Learning

This study is intended to examine the influence of the democratic climate of classrooms on student engagement and learning outcomes in order to find out a more adequate model of learning in Civic Education classrooms. A model is developed for testing with data obtained from a sample of 930 students from schools in North Sulawesi. Prior to the analysis, scales are analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and are calibrated using Rasch Measurement Model Analysis (RMMA). The analysis shows that the trimmed model (Model B) is slightly more coherent and simpler than the hypothesised model (Model A). However, both models indicate that the democratic climate of Civic Education classrooms has significant effects on student engagement, student civic knowledge and interpretation skill, and student concepts of citizenship.
Cognitive function and clinical symptoms in first‐episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia before and after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake

Aim: On 6 April 2009, at 3:32 GMT, central Italy was struck by a 6.3‐magnitude earthquake with its epicentre near L'Aquila, the capital city of the Abruzzo region. Earthquakes may precipitate psychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive functioning and positive and negative symptoms before and after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic schizophrenia (CS).
Myosin monomer density and exchange in synthetic thick filaments investigated using fluorescence microscopy with single molecule sensitivity

The number of myosin molecules in synthetic thick filaments, prepared by dialysis at 0.12 M NaCl and pH 7.0, was estimated to be between 400 and 800 molecules per micrometre under conditions appropriate for in vitro motility assays. This estimate was based on a number count of Cy3–labelled myosin molecules incorporated into filaments at a nominal ratio of 1:1000. At this dilution, single fluorescent spots were resolved corresponding to individual labelled myosins. The spots usually bleached with a one– or two–step profile but, in around 30% of the cases, fluctuations were observed indicating that additional photophysical or photochemical events had occurred. Myosin molecules were shown to exchange between filaments in suspension on a time–scale of several hours at 4°C, but the reaction was only 75% complete after 48 h, suggesting a non–exchangeable core. However, myosin exchange does not appear to be the predominant source of the fluctuations in fluorescence intensity in the single molecule assays.
Hair cycle‐dependent changes of alkaline phosphatase activity in the mesenchyme and epithelium in mouse vibrissal follicles

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected in the restricted mesenchymal and epithelial regions in mouse vibrissal follicles. Its localization and strength dramatically changed during the hair cycle. Activity in the dermal papilla (DP) was moderate in very early anagen, reached a maximal level in early anagen, decreased at the proximal region of DP after mid anagen, and was kept at a low level during catagen. The bulbar dermal sheath showed intense ALP activity only in early anagen. Although most bulbar epithelium did not show ALP activity, germinative epidermal cells that were adjacent to the ALP‐negative DP cells became ALP‐positive in mid anagen and rearranged in a single layer so as to encapsulate the DP in mid catagen. During catagen, the outermost layer of bulbar epithelium became ALP‐positive, which could be follicular epithelial precursors migrating from the bulge. Before the initiation of hair formation, ALP activity in the bulbar epithelium rapidly decreased and that in DP increased. These dynamic changes of ALP expression might be related to DP's functions in hair induction and also to reconstruction of the bulbar structure during the hair cycle.
The Pace of Shifting Climate in Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems

Ecologically relevant measures of contemporary global climate change can predict species distributions and vulnerabilities. Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.
RF MEMS sensitivity to radiations

1 Abstract - Silicon dioxide and silicon nitride as well as other insulating materials are used in micro-electro- mechanical systems. However, their tendency for electrostatic charging diminishes the device reliability. The charging effect becomes significant when these devices are subjected to ionizing radiation. The irradiation induced defects and charging depend on the nature of irradiation, the underlying metal layers and the metal-insulator interface properties. The sensitivity of RF micro- electromechanical systems to ionizing radiation is presented taking into account experimental data and the simulation of charge generation and induced damage.
Extraction, purification and characterization of inhibitor of trypsin from Chenopodium quinoa seeds

A novel trypsin inhibitor of protease (CqTI) was purified from Chenopodium quinoa seeds. The optimal extracting solvent was 0.1M NaCl pH 6.8 (p < 0.05). The extraction time of 5h and 90 °C was optimum for the recovery of the trypsin inhibitor from C. quinoa seeds. The purification occurred in gel-filtration and reverse phase chromatography. CqTI presented active against commercial bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin and had a specific activity of 5,033.00 (TIU/mg), which was purified to 333.5-fold. The extent of purification was determined by SDS-PAGE. CqTI had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 12KDa and two bands in reduced conditions as determined by Tricine-SDS-PAGE. MALDI-TOF showed two peaks in 4,246.5 and 7,908.18m/z. CqTI presented high levels of essential amino acids. N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein did not show similarity to any known protease inhibitor. Its activity was stable over a pH range (2-12), temperatures range (20-100 °C) and reducing agents.
Asthma in the workplace: a case-based discussion and review of current evidence

The relationship between asthma and the workplace is important to consider in all cases of adult asthma. Early identification of a cause in the workplace offers an opportunity to improve asthma control significantly and reduce the need for long-term medication if further exposures to the cause can be avoided. This typical but fictitious case is designed to give the reader clinical information in the order this would normally be received in clinical practice, with a real-time commentary about management decisions. Pertinent recent guidance is cited to stress the importance of evidence-based practice.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Islami Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Dan Kinerja Karyawan Serta Kesejahteraan Karyawan RumahSakit Islam Di Kabupaten Tulungagung Provinsi Jawa Timur

Disertasi ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Kepemimpinan Islami terhadap Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja Islami, dan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Rumah Sakit Islam di Kabupaten Tulungagung, dan menemukan serta membahas apakah norma al-Quran dan as-Sunnah yang terdapat dalam kerangka proses berpikir telah dilaksanakan secara kaffah dalam kepemimpinan Islam di Rumah Sakit Islam Kabupaten Tulungagung. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan Rumah Sakit Islam atau rumah sakit bernuansa Islami yang ada di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Sedangkan populasi dalam riset ini adalah karyawan rumah sakit Islam di Kabupaten Tulungagung, dan sampel sebanyak 133 orang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif structural equation models dengan software AMOS dan analisis kualitatif syar’i. Berdasarkan analisis dan hipotesis pengujian dilakukan seperti yang dijelaskan pada bab sebelumnya, maka penelitian secara keseluruhan yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Kepemimpinan Islam mempengaruhi motivasi karyawan di rumah sakit Islam. Kepemimpinan Islam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan Rumah Sakit Islam. Kepemimpinan Islam mempengaruhi kesejahteraan karyawan di rumah sakit Islam. Motivasi kerja mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan Rumah Sakit Islam. Norma Quran dan Sunnah yang ada dalam kerangka disertasi ini tentang keadilan, kepercayaan, ketulusan, kerja keras, dan bagaimana memperlakukan karyawan dengan baik telah dilakukan oleh para pemimpin di rumah sakit Islam di Tulungagung
Recommendations for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy of Cerebral Air Embolism Based on a Mathematical Model of Bubble Absorption

Transcranial doppler studies show that microscopic cerebral artery air emboli (CAAE) are present in virtually all patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Massive cerebral arterial air embolism is rare. If it occurs, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is recommended as soon as surgery is completed. We used a mathematical model to predict the absorption time of CAAE, assuming that the volumes of clinically relevant CAAE vary from 10-7 to at least 10-1 mL. Absorption times are predicted to be at least 40 h during oxygenation using breathing gas mixtures of fraction of inspired oxygen approximately equal to 40%. When CAAE are large enough to be detected by computerized tomography, absorption times are calculated to be at least 15 h. Decreases in cerebral blood flow caused by the CAAE would make the absorption even slower. Our analysis suggests that if the diagnosis of massive CAAE is suspected, computerized tomography should be performed, and consideration should be given to HBO therapy if the CAAE are large enough to be visualized, even if patient transfer to a HBO facility will require several hours. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:1203-7)
Genetics of human cataract

The pathogenesis of inherited cataracts of all kinds recapitulates the developmental and cell biology of the lens. Just as each novel mutation provides additional information about the structural or functional biology of the affected gene, each newly identified gene provides insight into the developmental and cellular biology of the lens. The set of genes currently known to be associated with cataract is far from complete, especially for age‐related cataract, and there is much additional information to be discovered through further genetic studies.
Perfusion CT in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with interferon.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to assess the potential value of tumor perfusion parameters measured by perfusion CT as possible biomarkers of prognosis and early indicator of treatment efficacy in patients with metastatic conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with interferon. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 37 patients with metastatic RCC who were enrolled in a larger (n=118) randomized clinical trial of intermediate- versus low-dose interferon. Tumor perfusion parameters-that is, tumor blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time (MTT), and permeability-surface area product-of index metastatic lesions were obtained at baseline and at 8-week follow-up. Baseline perfusion parameters and changes at follow-up were compared, and their associations with patient progression-free survival were estimated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were assessable. Median progression-free survival was 5.3 months (95% CI, 2.4-7.4 months), with one partial response. Tumor blood flow at baseline was inversely associated with patient progression-free survival in both univariate (hazard ratio [HR]=1.006, p=0.025) and multivariate (HR=1.007, p=0.012) analyses. There were significant increases in tumor blood flow and reductions in MTT on follow-up scans compared with baseline scans (both, p=0.04), but no association between changes in perfusion parameters and progression-free survival was detected. CONCLUSION Patients with highly vascularized metastatic RCC as shown by high baseline tumor blood flow appear to have a worse prognosis than those who do not. Tumor perfusion may be a useful biomarker of prognosis and additionally, in the future, may assist in treatment stratification. The potential utility of perfusion CT as an early response indicator was probably inadequately assessed in this study because of the limited antiangiogenic activity of interferon in metastatic RCC.
Respiration patterns in the deep ocean

The biological pump affects atmospheric CO2 levels and fuels most heterotrophic activity in the deep ocean. The efficiency of this pump depends on the rate of carbon fixation, export out of the euphotic zone and the depth of respiration. Here we study the depth dependence of respiration patterns, hence particulate carbon flux, using a compiled data set of sediment oxygen consumption rates. We show that the depth relationship can best be described by a double exponential model. For the upper part of the ocean, our resulting equation is similar to previous flux‐depth relationships but predicted fluxes are significantly larger in deeper waters. This implies a more efficient biological pump. Total oceanic respiration below the shelf break (200 m) is estimated to be 827 Tmol O2 yr−1.
Lost in the Past: Recognizing Locations Over Large Time Lags

Would it be possible to automatically associate ancient pictures to modern ones and create fancy cultural heritage city maps? We introduce here the task of recognizing the location depicted in an old photo given modern annotated images collected from the Internet. We present an extensive analysis on different features, looking for the most discriminative and most robust to the image variability induced by large time lags. Moreover, we show that the described task benefits from domain adaptation.
Does More “Appropriateness” Explain Higher Rates of Cardiac Procedures Among Patients Hospitalized With Coronary Heart Disease?

Background. There have been few studies of the extent to which differences in the pool of patients being managed might account for geographic variations in treatment rates. Objective. For two cardiac procedures, cardiac catheterization and revascularization, we evaluate the hypothesis that differences in “the percentage of patients for whom the procedure is appropriate” is a factor explaining variations in use rates among those hospitalized with coronary heart disease (CHD). Research Design. Based on hospital utilization patterns in Massachusetts in 1990, we created 70 small geographic areas. Using 1992 Massachusetts Peer Review Organization data, areas were ranked from highest to lowest based on (empirical-Bayes-adjusted) hospitalization rates for each procedure. One thousand seven hundred four cases from 43 hospitals were sampled, roughly half each from high and low use areas. Half had a procedure and half were candidates for the same procedure but did not have it. For each procedure, medical records were reviewed to determine whether the procedure was (or, for those not having it, would have been) appropriate, based on criteria developed using a modified Delphi approach. Results. Among those having either procedure, appropriateness rates were similar in high and low rate areas (P = 0.59 for catheterization and P = 0.30 for revascularization). However, among candidates for either procedure who did not have it, appropriateness for performing the procedure was greater in high-rate areas (41.4% vs. 32.1%, P = 0.05 for catheterization; 71.2% vs. 57.2%, P = 0.003, for revascularization). Conclusion. Among those hospitalized with CHD, appropriateness rates for two cardiac procedures are higher in areas with higher use rates.
Hermeneutics is Fun! an Introduction to Hermeneutics of Science and Hermeneutics of Early Christianity History

This book was inspired by a lecture on hermeneutics that one of us (VC) gave around February 2019, in Jakarta. Although initially we plan to publish this compilation of articles with a dense title such as: Being in-and-before Time, after experiencing myself how a hermeneutics class can be so interesting and fun, we decided to give title to this book: Hermeneutics is fun! Of course, the topics we discuss here are quite interesting for hermeneutics students: from hermeneutics of science to hermeneutics of Early Christianity History. Along the way, we will also touch some novel aspects of consciousness, DNA and also dialogue between science and theology. Hopefully you will find this book interesting. And one of us (VC) would like to dedicate this book to participants of Hermeneutics class: bu Yayang, bu Titi, bu Susan, bu Erna, Deby, Eber, Mitha, Michael, Ricky, Tononi, Alwin, and Roigen. God love you all. Enjoy reading…
Neutralizing Activity of Polyvalent Gb3, Gb2 and Galacto‐Trehalose Models against Shiga Toxins

Shiga toxin (Stx) is one of the most critical factors in the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome and other systemic complications following enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection. Substances neutralizing Stx by interfering with toxin‐receptor binding have been explored as therapeutic candidates for EHEC infection. In this study, we examined globotriaosyl (Gb3), galabiosyl (Gb2) and galacto‐trehalose, each of which was synthetically conjugated with a polyacrylamide backbone, for Stx‐neutralizing activity. Galacto‐trehalose was designed as a Gb2 mimicking, unnatural Stx‐ligand that was expected to show tolerance to enzymatic degradation in vivo. Galacto‐trehalose copolymer showed neutralizing activity against Stx‐1 but not Stx‐2 in a HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. It was thought that galacto‐trehalose copolymer could be a lead compound for the treatment of Stx‐mediated diseases, although it requires modification to show neutralizing activity to Stx‐2. The Gb3 copolymer with high sugar unit density showed stronger neutralizing activity against Stx‐2 than those with lower density. However, the density‐dependency of the neutralizing activity was less obvious against Stx‐1. Intravenous administration of the Gb3 copolymer prevented death in mice lethally infected with Stx‐1‐ and Stx‐2‐producing E. coli O157:H7. Thus, we demonstrated that the artificial Gb3 copolymer could neutralize Stx‐1 and the more clinically relevant Stx‐2 in vitro and effectively inhibit Stx toxicity in vivo.