Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saúde e estado nutricional infantil de uma população da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional de criancas residentes em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. METODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base domiciliar, atraves de um inquerito antropometrico-social, com amostra de 652 criancas de 0 a 59 meses de idade. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas baixas prevalencias de deficts nutricionais, com excecao para deficits de altura/idade, tendo inicio ainda no primeiro ano de vida. O estado nutricional mostrou-se influenciado pelas condicoes socioeconomicas, especialmente a renda per capita familiar. Quase a totalidade das criancas iniciaram a amamentacao, mas o desmame teve inicio ainda no primeiro mes. O aleitamento materno exclusivo e de curta duracao, com oferta precoce de substitutos do leite materno. A analise da assistencia materno-infantil apresentou boa cobertura de pre-natal, mas deficiente no acompanhamento da saude infantil em todas as faixas de renda. CONCLUSOES: Identificou-se a necessidade de realizar alteracoes na abordagem das acoes preventivas de vigilância da situacao nutricional das criancas, para que haja condicoes de desenvolver acoes diferenciadas no campo nutricional.
A New Species of Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Flathead Snake, Tantilla gracilis (Ophidia: Colubridae), In Southeastern Oklahoma

Abstract: A single flathead snake, Tantilla gracilis, collected in early October 2010 from Choctaw County, Oklahoma, was found to harbor an undescribed species of Caryospora. Oocysts of Caryospora choctawensis n. sp. were spherical to subspherical, 15.8 × 15.0 (14–18 × 14–16) µm, with a thick, bilayered wall and a shape index (length∶width) of 1.1. A micropyle and an oocyst residuum were absent, but prominent Stieda and bubble-like sub-Stieda bodies were present as well as a bilobed polar granule near the oocyst wall. Sporocysts were ovoidal, 10.8 × 9.0 (10–12 × 8–9) µm, with a shape index of 1.2. The sporocyst residuum was spherical and composed of a cluster of granules often membrane-bound. This is the second time a caryosporan species has been reported from T. gracilis but the first coccidian ever described from a reptilian host in Oklahoma. Additional T. gracilis from Arkansas (n = 6), Oklahoma (n = 1), and Texas (n = 7) were examined, and a single specimen from Newton County, Arkansas harbored Caryospora gracilis Upton, McAllister, Trauth, and Bibb, 1992, previously reported from T. gracilis collected in Arkansas and Texas.
Congenital Infection of Mice with Toxoplasma gondii Induces Minimal Change in Behavior and No Change in Neurotransmitter Concentrations

Abstract: We examined the effect of maternal Toxoplasma gondii infection on behavior and the neurotransmitter concentrations of congenitally infected CD-1 mice at 4 and 8 wk of age when latent tissue cysts would be present in their brains. Because of sex-associated behavioral changes that develop during aging, infected female mice were compared with control females and infected male mice were compared with control males. Only the short memory behavior (distance between goal box and first hole investigated) of male mice congenitally infected with T. gondii was significantly different (P < 0.05) from that of uninfected control males at both 4 and 8 wk by using the Barnes maze test. The other parameters examined in the latter test, i.e., functional observational battery tests, virtual cliff, visual placement, and activity tests, were not significantly different (P > 0.05) at 4 and 8 wk. Concentrations of neurotransmitters and their metabolites (dopamine; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; homovanillic acid; norepinephrine; epinephrine; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol; serotonin; and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) in the frontal cortex and striatum were not different (P > 0.05) between infected and control mice at 8 wk of age. The exact mechanism for the observed effect on short-term memory in male mice is not known, and further investigation may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the proposed link between behavioral changes and T. gondii infection in animals. We were not able, however, to confirm the widely held belief that changes in neurotransmitters result from chronic T. gondii infection of the brain.
Histopathology Associated with Angiostrongylosis in Akodon Species (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from Sierra de la Ventana, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract: Angiostrongylus is a metastrongylid nematode genus that includes species found in carnivores, rodents, and occasionally primates (including humans). About 100 species of wild sigmodontine rodents occur in Argentina, 16 of which are species of Akodon. The lungs of Akodon azarae and Akodon dolores from Sierra de la Ventana, Buenos Aires, Argentina, were examined, and 2 of 10 A. dolores specimens were positive for angiostrongylosis, showing macroscopic lesions of verminous pneumonia. Adults found were identified as Angiostrongylus morerai. Histopathology of the lungs revealed multiple nodules in the interstitium, alveoli, and vessels, resulting in interstitial fibrosis and the destruction of small capillaries and arterioles. Since extensive pathology in the lung was noted here from only 2 adults, it is probable that heavier infections may cause mortality in their hosts. This is the first record of this nematode species from A. dolores, expanding its geographic distribution to the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, and the first description of the histopathology of larval angiostrongylosis in a wild rodent from South America.
Long-Term Multimodal Exercise Program Enhances Mobility of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a long-period multimodal exercise program on balance, mobility and clinical status of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods. Thirty-three PD patients were assigned into two groups: a training group (; aged years) and a control group (; aged years). The TG patients were enrolled in a 6-month multimodal exercise program. This program was designed to improve physical capacity components and to reduce PD impairments. Balance and mobility were assessed immediately before and after the training protocol using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the “Timed up and go” (TUG), and the Posture Locomotion Test (PLM). Also, clinical variables were assessed (disease stage and impairments). Results. The TG showed an improvement in the TUG () while CG were not influenced by the 6-months period. Both groups showed no differences for BBS and PLM and for their disease impairments—assessed through the Unified Parkinson’s disease Scale. Conclusions. Long-term multimodal exercise programs are able to improve mobility of patients with Parkinson’s disease and therefore should be used on clinical day life.
Effects of Host Species and Life Stage on the Helminth Communities of Sympatric Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in the Sheyenne National Grasslands, North Dakota

Abstract: We studied helminth communities in sympatric populations of leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and assessed the effects of host species and life stage on helminth community composition and helminth species richness. We examined 328 amphibians including 218 northern leopard frogs and 110 wood frogs collected between April and August of 2009 and 2010 in the Sheyenne National Grasslands of southeastern North Dakota. Echinostomatid metacercariae were the most common helminths found, with the highest prevalence in metamorphic wood frogs. Host species significantly influenced helminth community composition, and host life stage significantly influenced the component community composition of leopard frogs. In these sympatric populations, leopard frogs were common hosts for adult trematodes whereas wood frogs exhibited a higher prevalence of nematodes with direct life cycles. Metamorphic frogs were commonly infected with echinostomatid metacercariae and other larval trematodes whereas juvenile and adult frogs were most-frequently infected with directly transmitted nematodes and trophically transmitted trematodes. Accordingly, helminth species richness increased with the developmental life stage of the host.
The Identity of Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783, and the Evolution of Gastrochaena, Rocellaria, and Lamychaena (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Gastrochaenoidea)

Abstract The specimens of Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783, with Spengler-written labels at the Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, did not come from Spengler's type locality in the Nicobar Islands, and may instead be syntypes of Chemnitz's (1788) West Indies “Pholas hians”. The identity of Gastrochaena cuneiformis as a senior synonym of Gastrochaena gigantea (Deshayes, 1830) is established on the basis of Spengler's original descriptions and illustrations, and by examination of specimens from the type locality. A neotype for G. cuneiformis is designated and illustrated, and its genus is revised to exclude Rocellaria Blainville, 1829, and Lamychaena Freneix in Freneix and Roman, 1979. Gastrochaena Spengler, 1783 is the most plesiomorphic of these three genera, as shown by its simple boring, short siphons, and diffuse, poorly differentiated anterior pedal muscles. Rocellaria evolved from a close common ancestor with Gastrochaena, and is characterized by a ventral shift and fusion of the posteroventral pallial sinus with the posteroventral pallial band, low, irregular posterior commarginal lamellae, and well defined anterior pedal retractor muscles generally supported by myophores. Lamychaena evolved from Rocellaria during the Oligocene, extending its ctenidia far posterior into the siphonal part of the boring, and, in some species, uniting its anterior pedal retractor and protractor muscles as they approach the byssus apparatus.
Problem-based learning: a review.

P roblem-based learning is a pedagogical approach whereby issues are described within a scenario to enable students to identify their own learning objectives (Wood, 2003). Typically, scenarios are patient based and the process of creating learning objectives aims to help students develop their problem-solving abilities while simultaneously building upon their basic and clinical scientific knowledge base. This article outlines the concepts that led to the development of problem-based learning, discusses its utility as a teaching method, describes the structure of the problem-based learning process and provides guidance on how facilitators can effectively coordinate problem-based learning sessions.
Before and after school care: costs and usage of formal child care services for school age children, 1999 and 2002

The provision of before and after school care services, and the subsidy of these services through the Commonwealth Child Care Benefit, provide substantial support to many women in combining and balancing work and family. Relatively little analysis has been done in an Australian context, however, about the types of families who are using these services, and in particular, about usage and cost trends across time. We use unit record data from the 1999 and 2002 Child Care Surveys conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics to analyse formal child care usage and cost trends for school age children under 12 years of age. This period covers the introduction of the Child Care Benefit in July 2000, and our analysis allows us to draw some tentative conclusions about the possible impact of this new subsidy on real out-of-pocket costs of formal child care for school age children, and the use of such care. We use multivariate statistical techniques to examine factors that predict the use of formal care for school age children, and to examine the statistical significance of changes in usage patterns over time.
The Responsibility for Child and Aged Care: Shaping Policies for the Future

Like other comparable English-speaking countries, Australia is looking increasingly to the market as the means of meeting human needs. This raises questions about the responsibility of providing care for those, who, by virtue of their age or other characteristics, are excluded from the labour market and are unable to provide for or care for themselves. It is widely accepted that, in most instances, families have had and continue to assume primary responsibility for the care of young children and older people in need of support. However, experience in the fields of aged care and child support suggests that state support and intervention has been required when families are unable to continue in those roles. As the existing ‘safety net’ of state intervention is coming under unprecedented demographic, economic and political pressure there is a need to re-examine alternative options for providing care in an ageing society. Following a brief, comparative review of the history of aged care and child care in Australia, this paper considers the options and implications of shifting the balance between the various potential sources of support. These include care provided by unpaid family caregivers, care provided by the voluntary community-based agencies, market-based care provisions, and care provisions supported by the state. Attention is drawn to the implications of the changing character of aged care as well as to the links between labour force participation and the ability of family caregivers (especially women) to provide care, and to the impact of different forms of provision on equity between and across generations.
Family experiences of the transition to palliative care in aged residential care (ARC): a qualitative study.

PURPOSE To address a gap in the literature by exploring bereaved families' perceptions of the transition to palliative care for their relative in long-term care. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twenty-six family members who were most involved in the care of residents who had died within the last 12 months. Interviews explored care, perceptions of staff palliative care knowledge, communication with staff, care planning and decision-making. The range of responses fit the Donabedian (1966) health care model of structure/process/outcome. In the case of long-term care, structure includes staff training; process is the manner of care and outcome would be a 'good' (or bad) death. RESULTS There was little evidence that a well-managed transition to a palliative approach to care was being initiated. Key themes included: 1) unrecognised need for transition; 2) information gaps and 3) feeling 'out of the loop'. Ten subthemes were also identified. IMPLICATIONS Engaging family and relevant internal and external health providers in care planning not only promotes care in line with resident wishes but also assists family bereavement. Results indicate the need for the development of a new collaborative, multidisciplinary model to enhance the delivery of palliative care in long-term care.
A Model for Effective Change

A Memphis, Tennessee landmark is coming down. Once reported to be the world's largest privately owned hospital, Baptist Memorial Health Care Corporation's flagship high-rise hospital is being torn down in stages. The hospital, along with some associated buildings in the Memphis medical center, will be replaced with several smaller buildings designed for other health-related uses, including research and biotechnology development. When the corporation's administrators announced in a press conference several years ago that the medical center hospital would be closing, it was hard to imagine the closing's ultimate effect on the medical center and the tri-state area of western Tennessee, eastern Arkansas, and northern Mississippi.
An Evaluation of the Quality and Content of Web Sites on Cancer Related Fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue is a common symptom for cancer patients. Due to a lack of information from health professionals about cancer-related fatigue, patients often seek information from the Internet. This study evaluated the quality and accuracy of cancer-related fatigue content available online and determined whether any relationships existed between indicators of quality of Web site and accuracy of content. A sample of 25 cancer-related fatigue Web sites was evaluated for quality and accuracy of content using a total score against a checklist of adopted criteria. Although no correlation was found between the quality of Web sites and the accuracy of content, Web sites with accurate information about the causes of cancer-related fatigue were associated with significantly higher total scores. Similarly, Web sites with accurate information pertaining to psychosocial factors were also associated with a significantly higher total score. This suggests that accurate content is significantly related to the overall performance of a Web site. Likewise, significantly higher total scores were obtained for Web sites that included accurate etiological information on the potential interactions of biological processes, psychosocial factors, and other factors such as demographics. A list of the top performing cancer-related fatigue Web sites based on quality and accuracy of content criteria is presented.
Massive REM Rebound on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Copyright 2014 by The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Address for correspondence; Ki-Hwan Ji Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Korea Tel: +82-51-890-8769 Fax: +82-51-895-6367 E-mail: kihwanji@gmail.com Brief Communication
Handling and veterinary care of British bats

Most wildlife casualties seen in veterinary practice are from common species living in close proximity to humans. Despite recent declines in bat populations, certain species are still relatively abundant in the UK. Many of these bats roost in buildings, increasing their potential exposure to man-made hazards. Their small size and adaptations to flight make them a challenge for the veterinary practitioner. Vets should be aware of the health risks of handling bats, and should have realistic expectations regarding their chances of survival. Practitioners should also be familiar with the legislation pertaining to bats and their roosts. The successful rehabilitation of bats is often time consuming and specialised, and relies on collaborating with local bat groups and those experienced in caring for bats. This article describes the general approach to dealing with bats and outlines the common conditions that might be encountered in these animals.
Non-Specific Musculoskeletal Pain and Vitamin D Deficiency in Female Nurses in Kashan, Iran

Abstract Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain is a common problem among nurses. This research was designed to investigate the non-specific musculoskeletal pain and vitamin D deficiency in female nurses working in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran in 2013. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 female nurses were investigated for their 25-hydroxy vitamin D level [25-OH] and musculoskeletal non-specific pain. The Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire [NMQ-E] was used to determine the existence of pain in nine anatomic regions. The relationship between pain in every region and vitamin D deficiency was analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. All analyses were conducted with the SPSS computer package version 16. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 32.05 years. The mean of 25-OH vitamin D level was 16.96 ng/ml. The 178 nurses [89%] had vitamin D deficiency; in 91 nurses [45.5%] the deficiency was severe. The 178 nurses had pain in at least one region in the previous month. The pain in their upper and lower back and in ankles and feet had a significant relationship with vitamin D deficiency. The 25-OH, vitamin D level, and age could explain the 6.2% of total painful regions. Conclusions: The study showed that both hypovtaminosis D and musculoskeletal pain were common among nurses. The vitamin D deficiency was significantly related to musculoskeletal pain.
Down-regulated expression of NPM1 in IMS-M2 cell line by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibited effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the expression of NPM1 in IMS-M2 cells harboring the NPM1 mutations. METHODS Cell proliferation assay was performed to test the effects of EGCG on cell growth of IMS-M2 cells harboring the NPM1 mutations. Western blot analysis were performed to test the protein expression of NPM1, AKT, those associated with apoptosis. RESULTS EGCG can down-regulate the expression of NPM1 in IMS-M2 cells harboring the NPM1 mutations. Moreover, EGCG also suppressed the cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in IMS-M2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that EGCG could be considered as a reagent for treatment of AML patients with NPM1 mutations.
Radiation Immunomodulatory Gene Tumor Therapy of Rats with Intracerebral Glioma Tumors

Abstract Single-fraction radiation therapy with 5 or 15 Gy 60Co γ radiation was combined with intraperitoneal injections of syngeneic interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-transfected cells in rats with intracerebral N29 or N32 glioma tumors at days 7, 21 and 35 after inoculation. For intracerebral N29 tumors, single-fraction radiation therapy with 5 or 15 Gy had no significant effect on the survival time. Immunization with IFN-γ-transfected N29 cells significantly increased the survival time by 61%. Single-fraction radiation therapy with 5 Gy combined with immunization increased the survival time significantly by 87% and complete remissions by 75% while with 15 Gy the survival time increased 45% with 38% complete remissions. For intracerebral N32 tumors, single-fraction radiation therapy with 15 Gy increased the survival time significantly by 20%. Immunization by itself had no significant effect with IFN-γ-transfected N32 cells, but combined with 15 Gy single-fraction radiation therapy it increased survival time significantly by 40%, although there were no complete remissions. Based on these findings, we suggest a new therapeutic regimen for malignant glioma using single-fraction radiation therapy with a target absorbed dose of the order of 5–10 Gy combined with clinically verified immunotherapy.