Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Socially Advantaged and Disadvantaged Turkish Mothers’ Views About Training on Preventing Children From Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the views of socially advantaged (N = 8) and disadvantaged mothers (N = 8) whose children are aged between 48 and 66 months old about the issue of sexual abuse before and after the training provided to them. The views of mothers in both groups were investigated before and after the 5-week experience-based training about my body belongs to me, knowing and expressing feelings, good and bad touch, good and bad secrets, knowing how to say no, and help resources. The data were analyzed using content analysis methods. The study showed that the mothers have inaccurate or insufficient information and approaches about preventing sexual abuse. However, short-term training provided to the mothers changed their views, and the mothers in the disadvantaged group gained more awareness. The mothers in both groups stated that sexual abuse prevention trainings should be disseminated in preschool institutions.
Psychometrics of a Child Report Measure of Maternal Support following Disclosure of Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT The study examined a new child report measure of maternal support following child sexual abuse. One hundred and forty-six mother–child dyads presenting for a forensic evaluation completed assessments including standardized measures of adjustment. Child participants also responded to 32 items considered for inclusion in a new measure, the Maternal Support Questionnaire–Child Report (MSQ-CR). Exploratory factor analysis of the Maternal Support Questionnaire–Child Report resulted in a three factor, 20-item solution: Emotional Support (9 items), Skeptical Preoccupation (5 items), and Protection/Retaliation (6 items). Each factor demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Construct and concurrent validity of the new measure were supported in comparison to other trauma-specific measures. The Maternal Support Questionnaire–Child Report demonstrated sound psychometric properties. Future research is needed to determine whether the Maternal Support Questionnaire–Child Report provides a more sensitive approximation of maternal support following disclosure of sexual abuse, relative to measures of global parent–child relations and to contextualize discrepancies between mother and child ratings of maternal support.
Child Sexual Abuse and HIV-Related Substance Use and Sexual Risk Across the Life Course Among Males and Females

ABSTRACT Child sexual abuse is associated with substance use and sexual risk behaviors during adolescence and adulthood, but no known studies have documented associations across the life course in a nationally representative U.S. sample. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to measure associations between child sexual abuse and substance use and sexual risk behaviors during adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood among males and females (n = 11,820). Approximately 10% of females and 7% of males reported child sexual abuse. Associations with substance use were strongest during adolescence and lessened over time. Increased odds of sexual risk among those with a history of child sexual abuse remained consistent through the life course. Significant gender differences existed for some associations (e.g., adulthood multiple partners: males adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.73, 95%CI:1.18, 2.53; females AOR = 1.11, 95%CI:0.79, 1.56). Trauma-informed prevention interventions should address child sexual abuse among both males and females to prevent substance use and sexual risk behavior throughout the life course.
Gender and the Health Benefits of Education

Does education improve health more for one sex than the other? We develop a theory of resource substitution which implies that education improves health more for women than men. Data from a 1995 survey of U.S. adults with follow-ups in 1998 and 2001 support the hypothesis. Physical impairment decreases more for women than for men as the level of education increases. The gender gap in impairment essentially disappears among people with a college degree. Latent growth SEM vectors also show that among the college educated, men's and women's life course patterns of physical impairment do not differ significantly.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperaquine in Young Ugandan Children Treated With Dihydroartemisinin‐Piperaquine for Uncomplicated Malaria

This prospective trial investigated the population pharmacokinetics of piperaquine given with dihydroartemisinin to treat uncomplicated malaria in 107 Ugandan children 6 months to 2 years old, an age group previously unstudied. Current weight‐based dosing does not adequately address physiological changes in early childhood. Patients were administered standard 3‐day oral doses and provided 1,282 capillary plasma concentrations from 218 malaria episodes. Less than 30% of treatments achieved 57 ng/mL on day 7. A three‐compartment model with first‐order absorption described the data well. Age had a statistically significant effect (P < 0.005) on clearance/bioavailability in a model that accounts for allometric scaling. Simulations demonstrated that higher doses in all children, but especially in those with lower weight for age, are required for adequate piperaquine exposure, although safety and tolerance will need to be established. These findings support other evidence that both weight‐ and age‐specific guidelines for piperaquine dosing in children are urgently needed.
Thyroglobulin autoantibodies in children and adolescents: its relation to thyroid disease

Thyroglobulin autoantibodies were detected in 23 of 146 (16%) consecutive patients admitted to hospital because of other than thyroid diseases. A thyroid disorder was found in 9 of the 20 children who underwent thorough examination (45%). Two had an autoimmune thyroiditis, and 5 had nontoxic diffuse goiter. One child had a granulomatous thyroiditis, and 1 had a secondary hypothyroidism. Twelve children (60%) had a positive heredity for thyroid disease, and 7 (35%) had another autoimmune disease. Therefore, in children with positive heredity for thyroid disease or with another autoimmune disease, evaluation of the thyroid function is recommended.
Interval Estimation of the Proportion Ratio in Repeated Binary Measurements Under a Stratified Randomized Clinical Trial with Noncompliance

The proportion ratio (PR) of a positive response between an experimental treatment and a standard treatment (or placebo) is often used to measure the relative treatment efficacy in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). For ethical reasons, it is almost inevitable to encounter some patients not complying with their assigned treatment. Furthermore, when there are confounders in a RCT or meta-analysis, we commonly employ stratified analysis to control the confounding effects on interval estimation of the PR. On the basis of a general risk multiplicative model, we focus our discussion on interval estimation of the PR in repeated binary data under a stratified RCT with noncompliance. We develop seven asymptotic closed-form interval estimators for the PR. We apply Monte Carlo simulation to study the finite-sample performance of these interval estimators in a variety of situations. We note that the two interval estimators with the logarithmic transformation based on the commonly used weighted least squares (WLS) approach can be liberal, while the three interval estimators with the Mantel–Haenszel (MH) weight derived from various methods can consistently perform well. We also note that the two estimators with the estimated optimal weight defined in the context using Fieller's Theorem and a randomization-based approach may not necessarily produce a confidence interval preferable to the MH-type interval estimators for the PR with respect to accuracy and precision.
Effect of Induced Mastitis on Disposition Kinetics of Gatifloxacin Following Intravenous Administration in Goats

Disposition kinetic studies of gati fl oxacin (GAT) was conducted after single i.v. dose (10 mg/kg) in six healthy and six mastitic Black Bengal lactating goats. Mastitis was induced by coagulase positive S. aureus . The concentration of the drug was estimated by HPLC. The maximum milk concentration was found to be signi fi cantly (p< 0.05) higher in mastitic goats (12.78 ± 3.11 μ g/ml) than healthy (9.17 ± 1.41 μ g/ml). The therapeutic milk concentration in mastitic goats (0.13 ± 0.05 to 12.41 ± 2.99 μ g/ml) was maintained for 48 h which was signi fi cantly (p<0.01) longer than in healthy goats (24 h). The elimination half-life in plasma and milk of mastitic goats (5.82 ± 0.67 and 8.20±0.21 h) was signi fi cantly (p<0.01) higher than healthy (4.54 ± 0.75 and 3.67±0.09 h). It indicates that GAT persisted in the body of mastitic goats for a longer duration. The AUC milk /AUC plasma ratio was 5.82. The t ½ milk /t ½ plasma ratio was 1.41. MIC in this experiment was considered to be 0.1 μ g/ml. The AUC/MIC ratio of plasma and milk of mastitic goats were 180 and 1049 respectively. On the basis of the results obtained it was concluded that GAT exhibited improved pharmacokinetic parameters with good penetration and longer persistence in mastitic milk, which will be of great help in the treatment of mastitis in goats caused by S. aureus .
Assessment of Regional Treatment Effect in a Multiregional Clinical Trial

The 11th question-and-answer document (Q&A) for ICH E5 (1998) was published in 2006. This Q&A describes points to consider for evaluating the possibility of bridging among regions by a multiregional trial. The primary objective of a multiregional bridging trial is to show the overall efficacy of a drug in all participating regions while also evaluating the possibility of applying the overall trial results to each region. To apply the overall results to a specific region, it suggested that the results in that region should be consistent with the overall results. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) published the “Basic Principles on Global Clinical Trials” guidance document (2007) and proposed two methods to support the bridging claims. Due to the limited sample sizes allocated to the region, the regular interaction test for treatment by region is not practical. On the other hand, the sample size requirement for the Japanese region as described in Uyama et al. (2005) and Uesaka (2009) is to satisfy an 80% or greater power for the Japanese region, conditioning on the effect of the overall global trial. Quan et al. (2010) further extended the results to trials with various endpoints. Ko, Tsou, Liu and Hsiao (2010) focused on a specific region and established statistical criteria for consistency between the region of interest and overall results. The proposed method was based on the assumption that true effect size is uniform across regions. In this article, we propose to analyze a completed multiregional trial for any specific regional effect by controlling the type I error rate adjusted for the regional sample size and the planned power of the global trial. Accordingly, in order to attain the approval for a specific region, we propose to determine the sample size requirement for the specific regions using the overall power planned and a regional acceptable type I error rate.
Cardio‐Oncology: Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Dysfunction

Treatment for cancer has improved in the last decades, resulting in a significantly reduced morbidity and mortality. 1-3 Unfortunately, many systemic treatment options are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac effects. 4 These adverse cardiac effects have given rise to the field of cardiooncology. This review summarizes recent findings related to the pathophysiology and treatment of drug-induced cardiac dysfunction in cancer treatment and looks ahead at new developments in the field.
Translation and Clinical Development of Bispecific T‐cell Engaging Antibodies for Cancer Treatment

Bispecific T‐cell Engagers (BiTE®) antibody constructs enable a polyclonal T‐cell response to cell‐surface tumor‐associated antigens, bypassing the narrow specificities of T‐cell receptors and the need for antigen presentation through the major histocompatibility complex pathways. Blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE® antibody construct, received accelerated approval for the treatment of relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Herein we review the pharmacology, safety, and efficacy observed in studies of blinatumomab and other BiTE® antibody constructs. Quantitative systems pharmacology is envisioned as a means to optimize dosing decisions for trials in which BiTE® antibody constructs are administered as monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapies.
Identifying and Accommodating the Needs of Mentally Ill People in Gaols and Prisons

There is a disproportionate number of people with serious mental illnesses in the criminal justice system. Few of these people meet the legal criteria to be considered formal “forensic patients” (i.e., found unfit to plead or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder). Instead, many are detained in remand gaols and are eventually sentenced. This article will provide an overview of the prevalence of mental illness among those in the criminal justice system. Information will be provided concerning the need for mental health services in gaols. An overview will be presented of the way in which the Province of British Columbia in Canada has developed correctional and forensic mental health services to identify and accommodate the needs of mentally ill people in the criminal justice system. Attention is paid, as well, to the related issues of diversion from gaols and the need for suicide risk identification and management in gaols.
Controle do tabagismo em instituição de longa permanência para idosos: relato de experiência

Estudos sobre tabagismo em idosos institucionalizados sao importantes, para que se desenvolvam intervencoes apropriadas. Estudo transversal, base populacional, em individuos com 60 anos ou mais, internados em ILPI do DF. Verificou-se prevalencia de tabagismo, perfil sociodemografico e clinico: genero, escolaridade, provavel depressao, grau de motivacao para cessacao tabagica, uso anterior de auxilio medicamentoso para abolicao do tabagismo e percepcao de prejuizo do fumo para a saude. Realizadas espirometria, medicao do monoxido de carbono exalado e classificacao segundo gravidade da dependencia nicotinica. O Programa seguiu diretrizes para cessacao do tabagismo, sendo avaliado apos um ano do inicio. Do total, 25,7% eram fumantes, sendo 22,8% homens e 2,9% mulheres, com idade media 68,3 ± 8,5 anos. Surgiu significativa reducao da prevalencia de tabagismo nos mais idosos e associacoes significativas entre grau de dependencia nicotinica e escolaridade, provavel depressao, grau de motivacao para cessacao de tabagismo e percepcao de prejuizo do fumo para saude. Identificaram-se maiores valores de monoxido de carbono naqueles com obstrucao grave. Inicialmente, 37,9% dos tabagistas concordaram em participar da Campanha, obtendo-se exito, apos um ano, em 9% deles.
Testing platelet mass versus platelet count to guide platelet transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) transfusions can bestow significant benefits but they also carry risks. This study sought a safe means of reducing PLT transfusions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients with thrombocytopenia by comparing two transfusion guidelines, one based on PLT count and the other on PLT mass (PLT count times mean PLT volume).
Modification of induced ischaemic pain by placebo electrotherapy

Quantifying the analgesic effect of placebo electrotherapy is an important part of understanding the placebo response in physiotherapy. This repeated measures study of induced ischaemic pain compared reports of pain threshold, pain tolerance, and pain endurance under three conditions: control, placebo interferential, and placebo TENS. Both of the placebo conditions significantly delayed the report of pain threshold. Placebo interferential also delayed pain tolerance. Each placebo condition reduced pain intensity in the 6th minute. Only placebo TENS reduced pain at the 9th minute of ischaemic pain. The nature of pain reduction in the placebo conditions suggests that analgesia was due to learned expectancies and endogenous opioid release. Further research into the impact of positive expectancies of pain relief in our patients could clarify the efficacy of physiotherapy outcomes for pain.
Alloanti‐c/ce in a c+ceAR/Ce patient suggests that the rare RHCE*ceAR allele (ceAR) encodes a partial c antigen

BACKGROUND: ceAR (RHCE*ceAR) is a rare RH allele encountered in people of African/Caribbean ancestry, known to encode a partial e antigen. The homozygous ceAR/ceAR genotype encodes the rare blood group Hr−. This study describes alloanti‐c/ce in a ceAR/Ce patient, suggesting that ceAR also encodes a partial c antigen.
The Impact of Benzodiazepine Use on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Outcomes

ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to examine predictors of benzodiazepine use among methadone maintenance treatment patients, to determine whether baseline benzodiazepine use influenced ongoing use during methadone maintenance treatment, and to assess the effect of ongoing benzodiazepine use on treatment outcomes (i.e., opioid and cocaine use and treatment retention). A retrospective chart review of 172 methadone maintenance treatment patients (mean age = 34.6 years; standard deviation = 8.5 years; 64% male) from January 1997 to December 1999 was conducted. At baseline, 29% were “non-users” (past year) of benzodiazepine, 36% were “occasional users,” and 35% were “regular/problem users. ” Regular/problem users were more likely to have started opioid use with prescription opioids, experienced more overdoses, and reported psychiatric comorbidity. Being female, more years of opioid use, and a history of psychiatric treatment were significant predictors of baseline benzodiazepine use. Ongoing benzodiazepine users were more likely to have opioid-positive and cocaine-positive urine screens during methadone maintenance treatment. Only ongoing cocaine use was negatively related to retention. Benzodiazepine use by methadone maintenance treatment patients is associated with a more complex clinical picture and may negatively influence treatment outcomes.
Prevalencia y factores asociados al síndrome de sobrecarga del cuidador primario de ancianos

El sindrome de sobrecarga del cuidador de los adultos mayores es un estado de angustia que amenaza la salud fisica y mental por la dificultad persistente de cuidar a un familiar. Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a sobrecarga en el cuidador primario de ancianos. Metodologia: estudio descriptivo transversal, con 310 cuidadores principales de adultos mayores de 65 anos y mas de edad, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple y entrevistados telefonicamente. Se calculo la prevalencia, Odds Ratio e intervalos de confianza del 95%. El procesamiento se realizo en stata 10.0, se calculo la prevalencia en el analisis univariado y se relaciono con caracteristicas socio-demograficas y de salud del acompanado de la razon de disparidad con su intervalo de confianza, ajustados con regresion logistica binaria. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrecarga del cuidador en la ciudad de Medellin, fue de 12,17%, IC 95% [8,39-15,96] y si se encontraron diferencias significativas en el numero de horas diarias dedicadas al cuidado, entre los que presentaron sindrome y los que no. Conclusiones: como factores asociados se encontraron: edad y parentesco con el adulto mayor, numero de hijos, horas diarias dedicadas al cuidado, estado de salud, abandono o disminucion de actividad por el cuidado, las razones, necesidades y ayuda recibida de su familia; como factores de proteccion se identifico: independencia y el bueno o regular estado de salud del adulto mayor.
Skeletal development from birth to 7 years

The skeletal development of 212 randomly selected Swedish urban children has been investigated as part of a prospective longitudinal study of growth and development. Radiograms of the hand and wrist were taken at specified ages. Up to the age of seven years 2.191 radiograms were assessed. When comparing the timing of the first ossification of the various bones in the present study and an older Swedish investigation a secular trend was found. In contrast to a North-American growth study, there was a striking similarity of the pattern of the first ossification in the two Swedish investigations for both sexes separately. However, the relative sex differences of the ossification were quite similar in the North-American growth study and the present investigation. In comparison with British children the skeletal development of Swedish children was advanced at all ages, the advancement being greater for epiphyseal bones than for carpal bones.
‘We are the canary in a coal mine’: Establishing a disease category and a new health risk

This paper analyses the process of establishing a risk object – electromagnetic fields. This example will be used to examine risk categorisation as such, and to explore how individual and collective attempts to establish a new risk interact with health policy. We studied people who claim to suffer from electro-hypersensitivity. We conducted participant observation and repeated interviews with 18 electro-hypersensitivity sufferers, and interviewed representatives of ‘patient’ organisations and health policy-makers in the Netherlands. In their attempts to trace particular outcomes (electro-hypersensitivity) to a specific risk factor (electromagnetic fields), we observed electro-hypersensitivity sufferers assembling complaints and complainants into a single illness category, distinguishing ‘real’ from ‘fake’ cases, and turning to measurement and experiments in order to show that others are at risk. Although electro-hypersensitivity sufferers mimic scientific practices, they have thus far failed to have their illness recognised. To non-sufferers, electro-hypersensitivity remains a psychosomatic condition. This position entails a dual failure for electro-hypersensitivity sufferers – they suffer from medically unexplained symptoms while identifying with a politically and medically unrecognised label. This very failure, however, provides perceived legitimacy for political activism. Although those who categorise themselves as having electro-hypersensitivity have failed to establish electromagnetic fields as a risk, their suffering is increasingly recognised. This partial recognition, we argue, is an attempt to depoliticise the issue.
Initial clinical experience with IV tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: A multicenter survey

Article abstract We assessed initial clinical experience with IV tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) treatment of acute ischemic stroke in a standardized retrospective survey of hospitals with experienced acute stroke treatment systems. The incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was 6% (11 of 189 patients; 95% CI 3 to 11%), similar to that in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) t-PA Stroke Study. Deviations from the NINDS protocol guidelines were identified in 30% of patients (56 of 189). The incidence of symptomatic ICH was 11% among patients with protocol deviations as compared with 4% in patients who were treated according to the NINDS protocol guidelines, suggesting that strict adherence to protocol guidelines is prudent.