Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTRAOPERATIVE SUBCORTICAL LANGUAGETRACT MAPPING GUIDES SURGICAL REMOVALOF GLIOMAS INVOLVING SPEECH AREAS

OBJECTIVESubcortical stimulation can be used to identify functional language tracts during resection of gliomas located close to or within language areas or pathways. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of the routine use of subcortical stimulation for identification of language tracts in a large series of patients with gliomas and to determine the influence that subcortical language tract identification exerted on the extent of surgery and on the appearance of immediate and definitive postoperative deficits. METHODSSubcortical stimulation for language tract identification was systematically used during surgical removal of 88 gliomas (44 high-grade and 44 low-grade gliomas) involving language pathways. Procedures were performed during asleep/awake craniotomy. Subcortical stimulation was continuously alternated with surgical resection in a back-and-forth fashion. Language performances were tested by neuropsychological language evaluation preoperatively and at 3, 30, and 90 days after surgery. RESULTSLanguage tracts were identified in 59% of patients, with differences according to tumor location but not according to histological grade. Language tract identification influenced the ability to reach a complete tumor removal in low-grade gliomas, in which tracts were documented inside the peripheral mass of the tumor. Identification of language tracts was associated with a higher occurrence of transient postoperative deficits (67.3% of cases), but a low occurrence of definitive morbidity (2.3% of cases). A pattern of typical language disturbances related to the phonological and semantic system can be identified according to tumor location, with preservation being important for the maintenance of language integrity. CONCLUSIONOur study supports the routine use of subcortical stimulation for language tract identification as a reliable tool for guiding surgical removal of gliomas in or in close proximity to language areas or pathways.
Social Media's Initial Reaction to Information and Misinformation on Ebola, August 2014: Facts and Rumors

Objective. We analyzed misinformation about Ebola circulating on Twitter and Sina Weibo, the leading Chinese microblog platform, at the outset of the global response to the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic to help public health agencies develop their social media communication strategies. Methods. We retrieved Twitter and Sina Weibo data created within 24 hours of the World Health Organization announcement of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (Batch 1 from August 8, 2014, 06:50:00 Greenwich Mean Time [GMT] to August 9, 2014, 06:49:59 GMT) and seven days later (Batch 2 from August 15, 2014, 06:50:00 GMT to August 16, 2014, 06:49:59 GMT). We obtained and analyzed a 1% random sample of tweets containing the keyword Ebola. We retrieved all Sina Weibo posts with Chinese keywords for Ebola for analysis. We analyzed changes in frequencies of keywords, hashtags, and Web links using relative risk (RR) and c2 feature selection algorithm. We identified misinformation by manual coding and categorizing randomly selected sub-datasets. Results. We identified two speculative treatments (i.e., bathing in or drinking saltwater and ingestion of Nano Silver, an experimental drug) in our analysis of changes in frequencies of keywords and hashtags. Saltwater was speculated to be protective against Ebola in Batch 1 tweets but their mentions decreased in Batch 2 (RR=0.11 for “salt” and RR=0.14 for “water”). Nano Silver mentions were higher in Batch 2 than in Batch 1 (RR=10.5). In our manually coded samples, Ebola-related misinformation constituted about 2% of Twitter and Sina Weibo content. A range of 36%–58% of the posts were news about the Ebola outbreak and 19%–24% of the posts were health information and responses to misinformation in both batches. In Batch 2, 43% of Chinese microblogs focused on the Chinese government sending medical assistance to Guinea. Conclusion. Misinformation about Ebola was circulated at a very low level globally in social media in either batch. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of social media posts can provide relevant information to public health agencies during emergency responses.
Eating and ruminating behavior of steers fed Coastal Bermudagrass hay at four levels.

Effects of feeding level on chewing behavior and physical reduction of particles during ingestive mastication and rumination were examined in four ruminally cannulated steers fed Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) hay in the long form. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 latin square with 18-d periods. Treatments based on previous intakes were set at 50, 70, 90 and 110% of feed consumed per animal. Steers were fed at 12-h intervals. Chewing behavior was monitored over 4 d with a computerized system. Boli of ingested, masticated hay (MH), collected at the cardia, and serial samples of digesta taken from the ruminal upper strata (RUS) were wet-sieved. Dimensions of MH particles retained on 4.0- and 2.0-mm sieves were determined by image analysis. Increasing feeding level resulted in a linear increase in the number of boli ruminated (P less than .01) and in linear increases in eating (P less than .01), ruminating (P less than .05) and total chewing time (P less than .01). Linear increases in number of eating (P less than .01), ruminating (P less than .01) and total chews (P less than .01) also were observed. Feeding level had no effect on bolus duration, number of chews/bolus, number of boli/min rumination time and number of chews/min rumination time. The extent of particle breakdown during ingestive mastication was a determinant of the number of boli ruminated daily and their associated number of chews. Number of boli ruminated daily also was related to the RUS mean particle size. Eating time did not provide a reliable indication of how well feed was chewed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a common disease, yet determinants of prostate cancer risk remain largely unidentified. Low circulating levels of 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25‐D) have been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer. In addition, 1,25‐D exhibits significant antineoplastic properties both in vitro and in vivo, and these antiproliferative effects appear to be mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR has a number of common polymorphisms, including a TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism in exon 9 and a poly(A) length polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region. Previous studies have found an association between the TaqI T allele or poly(A) L allele and prostate cancer. To further investigate the putative link between VDR polymorphisms and prostate cancer, we conducted a case‐control study of prostate cancer patients from the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Using polymerase chain reaction–based techniques on DNA extracted from peripheral blood, we genotyped 77 cases (70 white, seven black) and 183 controls (169 white, 14 black) for the TaqI and poly(A) alleles. We report here an overall lack of association between either the TaqI or poly(A) genotype and prostate cancer odds ratio (OR)=1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.7–2.8; and OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.6–2.5, respectively). Using a case–case analysis, we tested whether these polymorphisms might be associated with more advanced disease but found no statistically significant association for the TaqI T or poly(A) L allele (OR=2.5, 95% CI=0.3–21.7; OR=2.8, 95% CI=0.3–23.8, respectively). We report strong evidence of linkage disequilibrium between the TaqI and poly(A) polymorphisms (P < 0.0001), with whites demonstrating stronger linkage disequilibrium than blacks (D=0.24 vs. D=0.18). Mol. Carcinog. 27:18–23, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different routes to the same ending: comparing the N‐glycosylation processes of Haloferax volcanii and Haloarcula marismortui, two halophilic archaea from the Dead Sea

Recent insight into the N‐glycosylation pathway of the haloarchaeon, Haloferax volcanii, is helping to bridge the gap between our limited understanding of the archaeal version of this universal post‐translational modification and the better‐described eukaryal and bacterial processes. To delineate as yet undefined steps of the Hfx. volcanii N‐glycosylation pathway, a comparative approach was taken with the initial characterization of N‐glycosylation in Haloarcula marismortui, a second haloarchaeon also originating from the Dead Sea. While both species decorate the reporter glycoprotein, the S‐layer glycoprotein, with the same N‐linked pentasaccharide and employ dolichol phosphate as lipid glycan carrier, species‐specific differences in the two N‐glycosylation pathways exist. Specifically, Har. marismortui first assembles the complete pentasaccharide on dolichol phosphate and only then transfers the glycan to the target protein, as in the bacterial N‐glycosylation pathway. In contrast, Hfx. volcanii initially transfers the first four pentasaccharide subunits from a common dolichol phosphate carrier to the target protein and only then delivers the final pentasaccharide subunit from a distinct dolichol phosphate to the N‐linked tetrasaccharide, reminiscent of what occurs in eukaryal N‐glycosylation. This study further indicates the extraordinary diversity of N‐glycosylation pathways in Archaea, as compared with the relatively conserved parallel processes in Eukarya and Bacteria.
The effect of pneumonia on short‐term outcomes and cost of care after head and neck cancer surgery

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has threatened to discontinue reimbursements for ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) as a preventable “never event. ” We sought to determine the relationship between pneumonia and in‐hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization and costs in head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery.
Survival in hereditary breast cancer associated with germline mutations of BRCA2.

PURPOSE Breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene-mutation carriers may differ from so-called sporadic breast cancer in clinical features and behavior. These potential differences may be of importance for the prevention, screening, and, ultimately, treatment of breast cancer in women with such germline mutations. Thus far, there have been very few studies on the survival of BRCA2-associated breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We determined the disease-free and overall survival of 28 breast cancer patients from 14 consecutive families with eight different BRCA2 germline mutations. These patients' survival and tumor characteristics were compared with those of a control group of 112 sporadic breast cancer patients matched to them by age and year of diagnosis. RESULTS The 5-year disease-free survival was 52% for each group (P =.91); the overall survival was 74% for BRCA2 carriers and 75% for sporadic cases (P =.50). At the time of diagnosis, tumors from the BRCA2 carriers were borderline significantly larger in comparison to the tumors in sporadic cases (P =.05), but axillary nodal status was not significantly different in the two groups (node-negativity, 63% v 52. 8%, respectively; P =.34). With respect to steroid receptor status, BRCA2-associated tumors were more likely to be steroid receptor-positive, especially regarding progesterone receptor status (100% v 76.7% positive, respectively; P =.06). Stage-adjusted recurrence and death rates were nonsignificantly better for BRCA2 cases (hazard ratios of 0.84 and 0.59 [P =.61 and P =.19], respectively). In contrast, after 5 years, the rate of metachronous contralateral breast cancer in BRCA2 patients was 12% (v 2% in controls; P =.02). CONCLUSION Patients with hereditary breast cancer due to BRCA2 have a similar prognosis when compared with age-matched sporadic breast cancer patients. Contrary to our previous observation regarding BRCA1-associated breast cancer, BRCA2 tumors tended to be steroid receptor-positive, instead of steroid receptor-negative.
Party Organizations: A Data Handbook on Party Organizations in Western Democracies, 1960-90

Introduction - Richard S Katz and Peter Mair The Cross-National Study of Party Organizations Austria (1945-1990) - Wolfgang C Mu[um]eller Belguim - Kris Deschouwer Denmark - Lars Bille Finland - Jan Sundberg and Christel Gylling Germany - Thomas Poguntke with Bernhard Boll Ireland - David M Farrell Italy - Luciano Bardi and Leonardo Morlino The Netherlands - Ruud Koole and Hella van de Velde Norway - Lars Sv[circle]asand Sweden - Jon Pierre and Anders Widfeldt The United Kingdom - P D Webb The United States - Robin Kolodny and Richard S Katz Transnational Party Federations in the European Community - Luciano Bardi
Light-induced, Dark-reversible Absorbance Changes in Roots, Other Organs, and Cell-free Preparations.

Irradiation of maize (Zea mays) roots and coleoptiles with visible light causes dark-reversible absorbance changes in these organs. There is an increase in absorbance near 440 nanometers and smaller increases below 410 nanometers and about 595 nanometers. Decreases in absorbance are observed at about 420 nanometers and minor ones at 537 and 575 nanometers. These responses are also observed in cell-free preparations from roots and coleoptiles if dithionite, NADPH, or NADH is added prior to illumination. The dose curve for these effects has a distinct maximum at 420 nanometers and a minor one at 575 nanometers. Difference spectra and dose response curves indicate that heme compounds such as cytochromes or, more probably, peroxidase complexes are the photoreceptive and chemical reacting molecules. Siroheme-containing proteins may also be taken into consideration.The light-induced absorbance changes have half-lives of more than 200 seconds and 100 seconds in roots of maize and soybean, respectively. Two reactions, each with first order kinetics, appear to be superimposed. The respective rate constants for maize roots are about 0.004 and 0.04 seconds(-1). The generation of the effect has a much shorter half-life dependent on light intensity and wavelength. Little deviations from first order kinetics were detected. Rate constants for corn roots range between 0.05 and 0.01 seconds(-1). Apart from the problem in which hemoproteins are involved, there is the problem of correlating the reaction of the photoreactive and chemically reacting molecules to macroscopic responses such as phototropism.
Aggressive local treatment for screen-detected DCIS results in very low rates of recurrence.

AIMS To review our institution's practice of treatment of a mammographically detected population of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients and to determine the outcome. METHODS Between April 1989 and March 1994, 304 women with median age 59 years (range 51-65) with DCIS detected on screening mammogram, were treated in the Newcastle General and Royal Victoria Infirmary Hospitals, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. More than half of the women (n=176, 57.8%) decided to have mastectomy. Other treatment options were wide local excision (WLE) with radiotherapy (n=97, 32%) and WLE alone (n=31, 10.2%). All except five received adjuvant hormone treatment. RESULTS Predominant DCIS was comedo in 122 (42%), followed by cribriform in 87 (30%) and micropapillary in 44 (15%) cases. Grade I was found to be commonest grade (54%) followed by grade II (27%) and grade III (11%). With a median follow-up of 88 months, there were six (2%) recurrences, all of which were in women who were given breast conservation treatment, WLE with radiotherapy (n=1, 1%) and without radiotherapy (n=5, 16.6%). Mastectomy in this series was not associated with any recurrence at all. In three cases the recurrence was invasive, one of who also had distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that in women with DCIS suitable for breast conservation, WLE when combined with radiotherapy is associated with a very low recurrence rate.
National Hospital Antibiotic Timing Measures for Pneumonia and Antibiotic Overuse

The development of drug-resistant bacteria from the overuse of antibiotics is a serious problem, with overutilization threatening to disarm caregivers and their patients even as together they face increasingly virulent strains of microbes. On the other hand, the speedy treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics is a firmly established, evidence-based practice, enshrined in Joint Commission on Accreditation for Healthcare Organizations Core Measures used in hospital accrediting and public reporting, and in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) public-reporting and pay-for-performance hospital measures. This sets the stage for a potential conflict between (a) not doing the wrong thing by overprescribing antibiotics and (b) prescribing antibiotics on time for pneumonia. In November 2005, pneumonia antibiotic timing results were announced for the 133 top-performing hospitals in the first year of the 3-year CMS Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration (HQID) pay-for-performance project, conducted in collaboration with Premier Inc, a hospital purchasing and informatics alliance. Premier client hospitals participating in the HQID also submit drug utilization and other comparative data to Premier for client access for benchmarking purposes; this makes it possible to see how the antibiotics specified for pneumonia are used by Premier hospitals for other conditions. In this study we look at where increased success in meeting the HQID pneumonia antibiotic timing measure is tied to an increase in antibiotic use for conditions where antibiotics are unwarranted—with the potential for promoting antibiotic resistance.
Engines of innovation : U.S. industrial research at the end of an era

Introduction: technology's vanishing wellspring, Richard S. Rosenbloom and William J. Spencer. Part 1 The institutional context of research and innovation in industry: the evolution of industrial research in the United States, David A. Hounshell the roles of universities in the advance of industrial technology, Nathan Rosenberg and Richard R. Nelson strategic alliances and industrial research, David C. Mowery and David J. Teece. Part 2 Perspectives from practice: research and change management in Xerox, Mark B. Myers reinventing research at IBM, John A. Armstrong the future of industrial R&D, or postcards from the edge of the abyss, Peter R. Bridenbaugh some personal perspectives on research in the semiconductor industry, Gordon E. Moore. Part 3 Reconceptualizing research and innovation: commercializing technology - imaginative understanding of user needs, Dorothy Leonard-Barton and John L. Doyle rethinking the role of industrial research, Mark B. Myers and Richard S. Rosenbloom. Conclusion: shaping a new era, Richard R. Nelson, Richard S. Rosenbloom and William J. Spencer.
Reproducibility of Pressure Pain Threshold and Visual Analog Scale Findings in Chronic Whiplash Patients

BackgroundAssessment of pain in patients with whiplash-associated disorders has been previously reported using a variety of instruments. However, the reproducibility of the findings derived from such measurements has not been explored with respect to this particular patients group. ObjectivesTo evaluate the intratester and intertester reproducibility of pressure pain threshold (PPT) findings and the intratester reproducibility of visual analog scale (VAS) findings relating to the cervical region of chronic whiplash patients for the determination of smallest real difference values. MethodsTwenty-one chronic whiplash patients: 13 women and 8 men participated in this study. The intratester paradigm was based on 2 testing sessions over a period of 5 to 11 days (7.95±1.90) and incorporated recording of VAS scores and also PPT scores relating to 3 pairs of right and left homologous cervical sites. The intertester study was conducted within the first testing session and referred to the PPT measurement only. In this session, patients were also asked to fill in the Neck Disability Index questionnaire. ResultsThe interclass correlation coefficient-derived reproducibility of the PPT scores was good to excellent within and between testers ranging 0.85 to 0.91 and 0.88 to 0.97, respectively. There was, however, a significant difference between the testers. The VAS scores demonstrated lower reproducibility (interclass correlation coefficient=0.67). On the basis of the standard error of measurement, the smallest real difference of PPT ranged 40.2 to 58.9 kPa whereas the corresponding figure for the VAS was 3.76 cm. ConclusionsOn the basis of the current patient sample, this study demonstrates that although PPT findings may generally be applied for monitoring change in chronic whiplash patients, the use of VAS scores should be limited to patients whose initial score is above 4. It is also suggested that if the PPT is to serve as an outcome measure, its measurement should be performed by the same tester.
A Forecast of the Adoption of Wearable Technology

This research aims to quantify the current market size for wearable technology, and determine why this market has struggled over the past decade. These are products which are worn on the body and enhanced using electronics. Forecasts have been made as to how this wearable technology is likely to develop in terms of market size and product design or function. It is predicted that in five years the wearable technology market will be several times larger than it is currently, and entertainment devices will overtake fitness to become the largest product category. Medical devices will be used to reduce healthcare costs by monitoring patients within their own home and wearable technology will allow businesses to improve customer relations and productivity.
Does Reduction Mammaplasty Improve Lung Function Test in Women with Macromastia? Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: To determine the effects of reduction mammaplasty on lung function in women with mammary hypertrophy (macromastia), a prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at the Academic Surgery and Plastic Surgery Units, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom. Methods: Seventy-three women who were referred for consideration of bilateral breast reduction surgery were randomized into either an early intervention group (surgery within 6 weeks) or a control group (surgery 6 months after recruitment). Each group had two sets of lung function tests: the intervention group had one before and one 3 months after surgery and the control arm had one test initially and a second test 4 months after randomization and before surgery. The main outcome measure was the lung function test. Results: Sixty-five patients completed the study. The mean age was 39 years (SD, 12 years); both groups were equally matched for age, smoking status, social class, and educational status. By independent t test, there was no significant difference in lung function in the two groups. Subgroup analysis of the intervention group demonstrated a positive correlation between specimen weight and forced expiratory volume/vital capacity, forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, and forced vital capacity. A paired sample t test revealed a significant improvement in the percentage of forced vital capacity performed/forced vital capacity predicted. Conclusion: The improvement in pulmonary function following reduction mammaplasty correlates with specimen weight resected.