Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural polymorphism in the N-terminal oligomerization domain of NPM1

Significance Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein with critical roles in ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, and tumor suppression. Despite the established importance of NPM1 as a tumor marker and potential drug target, little is currently known about the molecular mechanisms that govern its various functions. Our manuscript describes that the N-terminal domain of NPM1 (Npm-N) exhibits phosphorylation-dependent structural polymorphism along a broad conformational landscape between two extreme states: a stable, folded pentamer and a globally disordered monomer. We propose that phosphorylation-induced “regulated unfolding” of Npm-N provides a means to modulate NPM1 function and subcellular localization. Our findings will drive future structure-based studies on the roles of regulated unfolding in NPM1 biology and will provide a foundation for NPM1-targeted anticancer drug development. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional phospho-protein with critical roles in ribosome biogenesis, tumor suppression, and nucleolar stress response. Here we show that the N-terminal oligomerization domain of NPM1 (Npm-N) exhibits structural polymorphism by populating conformational states ranging from a highly ordered, folded pentamer to a highly disordered monomer. The monomer–pentamer equilibrium is modulated by posttranslational modification and protein binding. Phosphorylation drives the equilibrium in favor of monomeric forms, and this effect can be reversed by Npm-N binding to its interaction partners. We have identified a short, arginine-rich linear motif in NPM1 binding partners that mediates Npm-N oligomerization. We propose that the diverse functional repertoire associated with NPM1 is controlled through a regulated unfolding mechanism signaled through posttranslational modifications and intermolecular interactions.
Frequent Detection of Highly Diverse Variants of Cardiovirus, Cosavirus, Bocavirus, and Circovirus in Sewage Samples Collected in the United States

ABSTRACT Untreated sewage samples from 12 cities in the United States were screened for the presence of recently characterized RNA and DNA viruses found at high prevalence in the stool specimens of South Asian children. Genetic variants of human cosaviruses and cardioviruses in the Picornaviridae family and of DNA circoviruses and human bocaviruses were detected, expanding the known genetic diversity and geographic range of these newly identified viruses. All four virus groups were detected in sewage samples of less than a milliliter from multiple U.S. cities. PCR screening of particle-protected viral nucleic acid in sewage samples could therefore rapidly establish the presence and determine the diversity of four newly described enteric viruses in large urban populations. More frequent and deeper sampling of viral nucleic acids in sewage samples could be used to monitor changes in the prevalence and genetic composition of these and other novel enteric viruses.
Renal cell carcinoma: preoperative evaluate the grade of histological malignancy using volumetric histogram analysis derived from magnetic resonance diffusion kurtosis imaging.

Background To investigate the value of histogram analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the assessment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) grading before surgery. Methods A total of 73 RCC patients who had undergone preoperative MR imaging and DKI were classified into either a low- grade group or a high-grade group. Parametric DKI maps of each tumor were obtained using in-house software, and histogram metrics between the two groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for obtaining the optimum diagnostic thresholds, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the parameters. Results Significant differences were observed in 3 metrics of ADC histogram parameters and 8 metrics of DKI histogram parameters (P<0.05). ROC curve analyses showed that Kapp mean had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating RCC grades. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the Kapp mean were 0.889, 87.9% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions DKI histogram parameters can effectively distinguish high- and low- grade RCC. Kapp mean is the best parameter to distinguish RCC grades.
Impact of Cell Load on 5GHz IEEE 802.11 WLAN

We have conducted an empirical study of the latest 5GHz IEEE 802.11wireless LAN (WLAN) variants of 802.11n (5GHz) and 802.11ac (Wave 1), underdifferent cell load conditions. We have considered typicalconfigurations of both protocols on a Linux testbed. Under light load, there is no clear difference between 802.11n and 802.11ac in terms ofperformance and energy consumption. However, in some cases of highcell load, we have found that there may be a small advantage with802.11ac. Overall, we conclude that there may be little benefit inupgrading from 802.11n (5GHz) to 802.11ac in its current offering, as thebenefits may be too small.
Modulation of Histone Deposition by the Karyopherin Kap114

ABSTRACT The nuclear import of histones is a prerequisite for the downstream deposition of histones to form chromatin. However, the coordinate regulation of these processes remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Kap114p, the primary karyopherin/importin responsible for the nuclear import of histones H2A and H2B, modulates the deposition of histones H2A and H2B by the histone chaperone Nap1p. We show that a complex comprising Kap114p, histones H2A and H2B, and Nap1p is present in the nucleus and that the presence of this complex is specifically promoted by Nap1p. This places Kap114p in a position to modulate Nap1p function, and we demonstrate by the use of two different assay systems that Kap114p inhibits Nap1p-mediated chromatin assembly. The inhibition of H2A and H2B deposition by Kap114p results in the concomitant inhibition of RCC1 loading onto chromatin. Biochemical evidence suggests that the mechanism by which Kap114p modulates histone deposition primarily involves direct histone binding, while the interaction between Kap114p and Nap1p plays a secondary role. Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of histone deposition by Kap114p is partially reversed by RanGTP. Our results indicate a novel mechanism by which cells can regulate histone deposition and establish a coordinate link between histone nuclear import and chromatin assembly.
Population prevalence of albuminuria in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study: immunonephelometry compared with high-performance liquid chromatography.

BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Standard immunochemical urinary albumin assays detect immunoreactive albumin, whereas high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detects both immunoreactive and immunounreactive albumin. METHODS Using data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle cohort study of randomly selected community-based Australian adults, spot urine samples were tested for albuminuria (spot urine albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR]: normal, < 30 mg/g; microalbuminuria, 30 to 300 mg/g; and macroalbuminuria, > 300 mg/g) by using both immunonephelometry (IN) and HPLC (n = 10,010). RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis showed significant bias, with a greater ACR by means of HPLC, particularly at lower levels of ACR. Mean ACR was 15.8 mg/g (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.3 to 19.2) by means of IN compared with 30.0 mg/g (95% CI, 27.0 to 35.0) by means of HPLC. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 4 times greater by means of HPLC compared with IN (20% versus 5.5%). In all demographic and comorbid subgroups associated with microalbuminuria, the prevalence of microalbuminuria increased by 2 to 4 times. A total of 1,743 subjects (17.4%) classified as normoalbuminuric by means of IN were reclassified as microalbuminuric by means of HPLC. Using multivariate logistic regression, women, patients with untreated and treated hypertension, and those with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes were associated significantly with a change in category from normoalbuminuric to microalbuminuria by means of HPLC. CONCLUSION HPLC measures significantly more urinary albumin within the normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria range, resulting in a significant increase in prevalence of microalbuminuria. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the extra individuals identified by means of HPLC are at increased risk for developing hard clinical outcomes (renal and cardiovascular).
Partitioning of pulmonary impedance: modeling vs. alveolar capsule approach.

Pulmonary input impedance (ZL), transfer tissue impedances (Ztti), and transfer airway impedances (Ztaw) were measured in open-chest dogs and isolated canine lungs by means of small-amplitude pseudorandom oscillations between 0.2 and 21.1 Hz. In the determination of Ztti and Ztaw, local alveolar pressures (PA) sensed in alveolar capsules were used. The global impedances of the airways (Zaw) and tissues (Zti) were estimated by fitting to the ZL data between 0.2 and 4.9 Hz (open-chest dogs) and between 0.2 and 5.9 Hz (isolated lungs) two models based on Hildebrandt's formulations (Bull. Math. Biophys. 31: 651-667, 1969), the parameters of which included airway resistance (Raw) and inertance (Iaw) and tissue damping (GL) and elastance (HL). The tissue parameters of Ztti (Gti and Hti) were also obtained from model fitting, whereas the Ztaw data were evaluated in terms of resistance (Rtaw) and inertance (Itaw). Excellent agreement was found between HL and Hti in both experimental groups and between GL and Gti in the isolated lungs (r > or = 0.999). The damping coefficients were also closely related in the open-chest dogs (r = 0.95), but Gti overestimated GL slightly (by 9%). Raw was underestimated by Rtaw (by 3-33%) and Iaw by Itaw (by 2-16%), depending on the model type and, in the excised lungs, the number of punctures in the capsules. In the case of the airway parameters, the systematic differences were accompanied by lower r values (0.535-0.935), which are explained primarily by the regional variations in PA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chlorhexidine induces DNA damage in rat peripheral leukocytes and oral mucosal cells.

OBJECTIVE Chlorhexidine digluconate is widely used in dental practice for decreasing plaque control, controlling gingivitis and disinfecting root canals. However, the undesirable effects of chlorhexidine digluconate regarding its genotoxicity are conflicting in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate in rat peripheral blood and oral mucosal cells by the single cell gel (comet) assay and micronucleus assay. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: negative control; experimental group orally treated with 0.5 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, twice daily, during 8 days; and positive control, which received 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide at 0.5 g/l by drinking water. RESULTS A statistically significant increase of DNA damage was observed in leukocytes and oral mucosal cells of the chlorhexidine digluconate treated group, as assessed by the comet assay. However, no increase of micronucleated cells was detected in reticulocytes from peripheral blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data indicate that chlorhexidine digluconate is able to induce primary DNA damage in leukocytes and in oral mucosal cells, but no chromosome breakage or loss in erythrocytes.
Innovation patterns and their effects on firm performance

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify various innovation patterns and understand their effects on firm performance across business service sectors. By collecting empirical data from 198 Korean business services firms, we explore these firms’ major innovation patterns, conceptualized as combinations of different service innovation dimensions: service concept, service delivery, customer interaction, and technology. Then, in accordance with the innovation patterns they display, we group these firms into four clusters: ‘service delivery-based high-technology', ‘service delivery and customer interaction-integrated', ‘customer interaction-based high-technology', and ‘strongly balanced’ innovators. Last, we investigate whether these patterns influence firm performance. Our findings are three-fold: (1) the innovation patterns in business service firms result from the creation of new combinations of major service innovation dimensions, (2) four independent innovation patterns emerge in business service firms, and (3) these patterns lead to different levels of firm performance. Practically, our findings highlight the importance of highly qualified employees, customer interaction, and technology in improving financial performance.
The Reliance Of External Auditors On The Internal Audit Function

The increased use of internal auditing (IA) by client firms leads to the possibility that external auditors will increasingly rely on IA in conducting their audits (Ward and Robertson [1980]), particularly as the quality of IA increases over time. According to Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 9, the decision to rely on IA should be preceded by an evaluation of the IA function: "The independent auditor should acquire an understanding [emphasis added] of the internal audit function as it relates to his study and evaluation of internal accounting control. The work performed by internal auditors may be a factor in determining the nature, timing, and extent of the independent auditor's procedures" (AICPA [1975]). Although SAS No. 9 provides guidelines on the characteristics of IA that might affect auditors' evaluations' and subsequent decisions to rely on clients' IA functions, it does not suggest their relative importance. According to SAS No. 9, the three primary factors affecting the evaluation and reliance decisions are internal auditors' competence, objectivity, and work. The objective of this research was to determine both the extent to which auditors would rely on the IA function, and the relationship between their reliance decisions and their evaluations of IA strength. Included in the investigation was an assessment of the levels of impor-
Sealing Capability of Implant-Abutment Junction under Cyclic Loading: A Toluidine Blue in Vitro Study

Purpose The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the leakage observed in external hexagon (EH) and cone Morse (CM) tapered implant-abutment connections, using toluidine blue. Methods A total of 60 implants, 30 with a screw-retained EH abutment and 30 with a CM taper internal connection, were used. Toluidine blue was placed into the deepest portion of the internal compartment of the 2 different implant systems, and cyclic loading was applied for each group as follows: 10 samples underwent 1 × 106 loading cycles, 10 samples underwent 3 × 106 cyclic loading and the least 10 samples underwent 6 × 106 cyclic loading. Results No signiﬁcant differences between the EH and CM groups were detected when the lowest loading cycles were applied (p = 0.2624), while differences were found when the samples were loaded with 3 x 106 and 6 x 106 cycles (p = 0.00124), with signiﬁcantly lower toluidine leakage in CM group. Conclusions In conclusion, the results of the present in vitro study demonstrated that flow of the toluidine blue to the external portion of the implant-abutment assembly occurred in both types of implant-abutment connections, with very different percentages. Indeed, the CM taper internal connection seems to be more resistant to the leakage of dyes when compared with EH connections.
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited by acute administration of lead, mercury and manganese, and their combinations

Adult male Wistar rats were treated with inorganic lead, mercury and manganese, and their double combinations, in acute application. The aim was to study the effects on spontaneous and stimulus‐evoked cortical, and evoked peripheral, nervous activity, to detect any interaction of the metals and any correlation between the changes caused in the spontaneous and stimulus‐evoked electrical activity of the primary somatosensory cortical area, and the compound action potential of the tail nerve. In the frequency distribution of the spontaneous cortical activity, a shift to lower frequencies was seen. The cortical responses evoked by whisker or tail stimulation showed an increase of the peak‐to‐peak amplitude and peak latency on administration of the metals and metal combinations. With the metal combinations, synergism was observed. Correlations found between alterations of the spontaneous and evoked, or between cortical and peripheral, activity were evaluated in terms of mechanism. According to the results, combined exposure to the three heavy metals studied might lead to synergistic action, indicating an increased health risk in settings with exposure to several heavy metals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management Accounting Change in Developing Countries

In recent years, investigations and debates regarding the changing nature of management accounting have aroused a tremendous amount of interest and concerns among academics. The debates have been supported by a wide array of contradictory research. On the one hand, some researchers [1-3] claim that management accounting has not changed but has remained a centralized function exercising formal controls dominated by external reporting. Yet, on the other hand, other researchers [4-11] argue that the management accountant’s role has changed. The change is mainly in the tasks that management accountants undertake. Much more emphasis is being placed on strategy and decision-making roles, rather than the more traditional areas of costing and financial analysis. Between these two arguments others, for example Granlund and Malmi [12], concluded that there are moderate changes in management accounting and control procedures.
Giant Cell Fibroblastoma: A Distinctive, Recurrent Tumor of Childhood

Giant cell fibroblastoma, which was first described by Shmookler and Enzinger in 1983 (6), is a rare fibroblastic tumor occurring mainly in male patients younger than 10 years of age. Only 28 cases have been reported so far. This paper describes seven new cases which were referred in consultation between 1968 and 1985. Five of the seven patients were male; their ages at the time of first surgery ranged from 2 to 18 years, but six of the seven were younger than 4 years. Tumors were all superficial and were situated in the chest (2 tumors), neck, axilla, scrotum, thigh, and finger; they generally grew slowly, were poorly circumscribed, and measured from 1 to 5 cm in maximum dimensions. Grossly, they were described variously as gray, gelatinous, firm, white, fibrous, pink, and watery. Histologically, there were varying proportions of moderately cellular solid areas and angiectoid areas, both featuring distinctive fibroblastic cells with what appeared to be multiple nuclei arranged in florets or wreaths. By electron microscopy, each wreath proved to be an excessively convoluted, but single, multilobed nucleus. The nuclei of the tumor cells were slightly hyperchromatic and not bizarre or pleomorphic. In followup times of from 12 months to 11 years (median 31 months), only one tumor recurred locally and none metastasized. The comparatively low recurrence rate in this series may well increase if the patients are followed for a longer period. Giant cell fibroblastoma should probably be classified with other nonmetastasizing, locally recurring fibroblastic proliferations of youth and childhood such as juvenile aponeurotic fibroma and recurring digital fibrous tumor of infancy.
Some Properties of Streptomyces viridochromogenes Spores

Dry spores of Streptomyces viridochromogenes exhibited no endogenous metabolism when tested by the sensitive radiorespirometric technique. Wetting the spores resulted in a sharp increase in endogenous respiration followed by a gradual decrease to a constant level, whereby 0.02% of the spore carbon was respired to CO2 per h. The rate of endogenous metabolism increased slowly as unactivated and heat-activated spores germinated in a defined germination medium, reaching rapid rates only after germination was completed. Components of the defined germination medium, adenosine, l-alanine, and l-glutamic acid, were oxidized to CO2 at appreciable rates only after germination was complete. The QO2 (microliters of O2 uptake per hour per milligram [dry weight] of spores) values for endogenously respiring spores were 3.9 for unactivated and 7.8 for activated spores. Various sugars, amino acids, and organic acids were oxidized only slowly or not at all by unactivated and activated spores. The dry spores contained 5.2 × 10−2 μmol of ATP per g (dry weight). The ATP content of spores increased approximately 4-fold after suspension in buffer and approximately 11-fold after heat activation. During germination, the ATP level increased to a level of 1 μmol of ATP per g (dry weight) and remained constant. Germination was accompanied by excretion from the spores of approximately 8 and 12% of the total spore carbon from unactivated and activated spores, respectively. A potent germination inhibitor was released from the germinated spores. The germination inhibitor had no effect on heat-activated spores or spores which had begun germination for as short a time as 5 min.
Studies on Phytoalexins: The Relationship between Actinomycin D and Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis during the Induction of Phaseollin in the French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Actinomycin D stimulated phaseollin production in endocarp tissues of the French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), maximum production being obtained with 25 to 30 micrograms per milliliter of antibiotic. Under these conditions, net incorporation of (3)H-uridine into total cell ribonucleic acid was inhibited by more than 80% over a 6-hour induction period. If allowance was made for a 2-hour lag in the action of actinomycin D, inhibition of incorporation was greater than 95%. Contrary to other reports, no evidence was obtained of an increased formation of any specific ribonucleic acid fraction. Actinomycin D applied in the cold (4 C) was not found to be effective in stimulating phaseollin production. When applied in this way, actinomycin D did not affect induction of phaseollin by a fungal peptide, Monilicolin A, although ribonucleic acid synthesis was inhibited by more than 95%. It is suggested that the induced formation of phytoalexins may not be dependent on increased ribonucleic acid synthesis as has previously been claimed.Other experiments indicated that the apparent effects of actinomycin D on ribonucleic acid synthesis could be influenced by the choice of precursor used to label ribonucleic acid and by the order of addition of precursor and antibiotic to the plant tissue. These effects were only observed in the period immediately following application of actinomycin D. It is suggested that such effects could critically influence the results obtained in short term experiments and may explain some differences in reported action of actinomycin D from different laboratories.