Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NRB Working Paper Demand for Money in Nepal : An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

This paper investigates the demand for money in Nepal using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for the period of 1975-2011.The results based on the bounds testing procedure reveal that there exist the cointegration among the real money aggregates ( and ), real income, inflation and interest rate. The real income elasticity coefficient is found to be positive and the inflation coefficient is negative. The interest rate coefficient is negative for both of the real monetary aggregates supporting the theoretical explanation. In addition, the error correction models suggest that the deviations from the long-run equilibrium are short-lived in than . Finally, the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests reveal that the money demand function is stable, but money demand function is not stable implying that the monetary policy should pay more attention to than . Jel Classification: E410
Students-Impacts of Korean Somatotype in Energy Consumption and Hormone Changes During Treadmill Gait -Around University Students-The

Purpose: This study is executed to examine the effects of Korean somatotype on energy consumption and hormone changes during treadmill gait. Methods: The objects of study were a total of 70 university students in their 20s and 30s divided into 7 groups according to somatotype with 10 members each, 4 groups of male (M1, M2, M3, M4) and 3 groups of female (F1, F2, F3). Results: In case of male groups, there was a significant difference in VO2 and VCO2 between group M1, M2 and M3 (p<0.05). There was also a meaningful difference between Phase1 and Phase2, Phase3 and Phase4 in a phase (p<0.01). In case of female groups, there was a meaningful difference in VO2 between F1 and F2, F3 (p<0.01). There was also a significant difference between Phase1 and Phase2, Phase3 and Phase4 in a phase (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in VCO2 among them, but there was a significant difference in it between Phase1 and Phase2, Phase3 and Phase4 (p<0.01). There was equally no significant difference in the concentration of adrenaline and nor ‐ adrenaline among both male and female groups, but such concentration showed meaningful difference before and after exercise (p<0.01). Conclusion: Energy consumption differs according to somatotype. There is a difference in hormone change, indicating that somatotype has effects on the physiological change. Therefore, in future exercise should be executed in more diverse conditions to further study somatotype with energy consumption and the correlations of hormone change.
The Challenge of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil

South Africa has not escaped the worldwide increase in childhood obesity, and current statistics in this regard do not create a positive picture for the youth of this African country. The lack of presentation of physical education in South African schools and the current unacceptable state of affairs complicate the situation further, and the two physical education models used to date in South African schools, preand postapartheid, were not successful. If research statistics and also the current state of physical education in the schools are considered, the answer to the question, are we sitting on a time bomb in South Africa with regard to obesity in our youth, is a definite yes! Despite the challenges, however, it is possible to overcome childhood obesity in South Africa. Success stories from all over the world teach valuable lessons and can be used as motivation. It is extremely important that quality physical education be implemented in all South African schools and be offered by well-trained teachers as soon as possible. The engagement of the community and the parents is also of cardinal importance because without the help and support of parents and the community, it is almost impossible to install healthy dietary habits and regular participation in daily physical activity in children. Also important is the use of evidence-based physical activity intervention to combat childhood obesity, especially in a country with extreme diversity such as South Africa, and last but not the least, physical activity intervention should start at a young age to establish a culture of a lifelong healthy lifestyle among the children of South Africa.
Application of classification trees to determine biological and chemical indicators for river assessment: case study in the Chaguana watershed (Ecuador)

Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled in the Chaguana river basin in SW Ecuador in March (wet season) and September (dry season) of 2005 and 2006. Aquatic insects dominated the macrobenthos, with Trichoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera and Odonata being the orders with the highest diversity and Ephemeroptera and Diptera being most abundant. No systematic differences in richness and abundance were observed between dry and wet seasons, which is in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that, in the neotropics, macroinvertebrates can probably be sampled for water quality assessments during the whole year: however, sampling soon after spates should be avoided. Using multivariate analysis, stations could be clustered into three groups based on their macroinvertebrate community composition: sites with low, intermediate and high human impact. Classification trees indicated that stations with low human impact had low conductivities, while stations with high conductivities were characterised as highly impacted if the dissolved oxygen concentration was low and intermediately impacted if the dissolved oxygen concentration was high. Classification trees also indicated that Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) were characteristic for sites with low impact; in sites with intermediate impact, this family was absent but Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) were present; when both families were absent, impact was high.
Finite-State Controllers of POMDPs using Parameter Synthesis

We study ﬁnite-state controllers (FSCs) for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) that are provably correct with respect to given speciﬁcations. The key insight is that computing (randomised) FSCs on POMDPs is equivalent to—and computationally as hard as—synthesis for parametric Markov chains (pMCs). This correspondence allows to use tools for synthesis in pMCs to compute correct-by-construction FSCs on POMDPs for a variety of speciﬁcations. Our experimental evaluation shows comparable performance to well-known POMDP solvers.
Comparative Impacts of Salt Stress on Survival and Leaf Anatomy Traits in Olive Genotypes

An experiment was conducted to investigate the tolerance of olive cultivars namely Picual, Hamed, Kalamata and Toffahi and two hybrids H61 (Picual x Hamed) and H69 (Kalamata x Toffahi) to saline irrigation water at total concentration 6000 and 9000 ppm and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 12 during two successive seasons (2014 & 2015). The harmful effect of salinity on survival ratio and leaf anatomical characteristics in the total plants at the end of experiment showed that the survival percentage was significantly varied depending on salinity level and olive genotypes. The highest survival percentage (100%) was recorded with H61 in both seasons and Picual seedlings at the second season. Meanwhile, H69 seedlings gave the lowest significant survival percentage (84.45 and 80 %) in tested seasons. Relative salt tolerance could be arranged ascendingly as follows H69, Toffahi, Kalamata, Hamed, Picual and H61 in two seasons. Leaf blade thickness upper and lower epidermis and spongy tissues of the olive plant clearly increased in plants received the high saline water (9000 ppm) compare to the control plants irrigated with tap water. The highest increase due to saline treatment was recorded for H61 and the least for H69 compared to their maternal parents Hamed and Toffahi. Meanwhile, thickness of palisade tissue, midrib, xylem, phloem and fibers thickness clearly reduce as salinity treatment. The above mentioned survival percentage and anatomical changes in response to the salinity level could be considered as function to adapt and tolerate the cultivar Hamed and its hybrid H61 more than the cultivar Toffahi and its hybrid H69 to salinity.
Culture and management techniques of Vietnamese Koi

The first time study approach about culture and management in Bangladesh was conducted to observe the induce breeding, nursing and rearing technique of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus) fish culture in fresh water farm in Mymensingh region, Bangladesh for a period of 120 days from May, 2013 to August, 2013. In this study, inducing agent PG was used to achieve fertilization and hatching success of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. During induce breeding, male and female in a ratio of 1:1 were used. The females were given single injection of 6-8 mg PG/kg body weight and the males were given 2-3 mg PG/kg body weight and nursing and rearing of vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus) fish were carried out as monoculture in earthen ponds. In this study, two earthen ponds of 20 decimal with an average depth of 2.5 to 3 feet and two earthen ponds of 50 decimal with an average depth of 3 to 5 feet were used for nursing and rearing of Vietnam koi respectively. Nursing and rearing of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudinus) were carried out as monoculture in earthen ponds. The water temperature in the culture pond was ranged from 31.29±0.85 to 35.5±0.58 0C during nursing and rearing. The value of Dissolve Oxygen (DO) and pH was ranged from 6.20±0.41 to 5.0±0.71 mg/l and 7.8±0.62 to 7.1±0.47 respectively. The average weight of the fingerlings during stocking was 0.8g in nursery stage and 20g in rearing stage. Fingerlings were stocked at 1750 fish /decimal in the rearing pond. Fry in the nursing ponds were fed with Hatchery feed (powder) at the rate of 40-50% of their total body weight. Fingerlings in the rearing ponds were fed with Koi Starter and Koi Grower feed at the rate of 15-20% of their total body weight. The final average weight (g) of Vietnam koi was (0.8±0.08)g in nursery stage & (200.0±0.82)g in rearing stage. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of total artificial feed was 1.63. The survival rate of Vietnam koi fish was 70% and the net production was 167kg/decimal. The total benefit was 5,48,455.00 BDT. Benefit-cost ratio of this study was 1.43. Therefore, it could be concluded that nursing and rearing of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus) by using artificial feed under a monoculture system in the earthen ponds is potentially and economically feasible. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2018, 3 (2), 93-105
Prevalence of electrocardiographic changes in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relationship with outcome

Abstract Background Electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have been described frequently, but the prognostic significance of these changes has not been well characterized. Aim and Objectives To report the prevalence and patterns of ECG alterations in patients with acute aneurysmal SAH and to study the relationship between ECG alterations and the neurological outcome, if any. Materials and Methods Records of consecutive patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of the SCTIMST, Trivandrum between January 1999 and January 2011 with acute aneurysmal SAH were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 321 patients with SAH, 190 (59.2%) had abnormal ECGs. Repolarization abnormalities were the most common, with T wave inversion in the anterolateral leads occurring in 155 (48.3%) patients. By univariate analysis, female sex, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at admission of <15, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade >I, ST segment depression or T inversion in anterolateral leads, prolonged corrected QT interval, and sinus bradycardia were associated with increased risk of death. By multivariate analysis, only GCS and WFNS grade independently predicted mortality and none of the ECG changes predicted the same. Presence of tall T waves in anterior leads, T inversion in anterolateral leads, sinus bradycardia, and WFNS grade >1 were independently associated with GCS <15 and poor outcome at discharge. Conclusions In patients with acute aneurysmal SAH, repolarization abnormalities are the commonest ECG alterations. ECG alterations do not independently predict death, but independently predict poor discharge neurological status.
Learn to Teach Chemistry Using Visual Media Tools.

The aim of this study was to investigate undergraduate students' attitudes to using visual media tools in the chemistry laboratory. One hundred and fifteen undergraduates studying science education at Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey participated in the study. They video-recorded chemistry experiments with visual media tools and assessed them on a social website. A Likert scale consisting of 29 items was developed to obtain the students' views on using visual media tools in the chemistry laboratory. The scale has a four-factor structure. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.95. In conclusion, this study found that using visual media tools in the general chemistry laboratory provides a positive contribution to students' behaviours and skills, improves students' learning attitudes to chemistry laboratory courses and increases their interest in visual media tools. The students also showed positive attitudes to the applicability of such tools.
Electronic commerce and online consumer behavior research

This paper aims to identify studies concerning online purchase behavior research published after 2000 in the main management information systems (MIS) and electronic commerce journals. These are categorized as studies of website use and online purchase behavior respectively. The review presents a holistic picture of the domain for online consumer behavior. The paper provides an insight into the field of electronic commerce and online consumer behavior with further discussions on theoretical and practical implication of these studies.
Requirements Engineering for Cooperative Systems

This paper addresses the problem of ‘production-quality’ CSCW software development where software is developed from an agreed statement of the system requirements. In particular, we are concerned with ways in which requirements specifications for CSCW systems can be developed and with the integration of ethnography into traditional specification methods. Existing approaches to requirements engineering are briefly described as are our experiences of using ethnographic studies in systems requirements analysis. We suggest that existing requirements analysis methods and ethnography must both evolve to accommodate the strengths of the other approach to produce an effective and complete method of deriving cooperative system requirements. An investigation of the changes required to notations for system description and analysis methods is a longterm research goal. However, we suggest shorter-term results can be obtained by using integrated tools for ethnography and requirements capture.
Performance analysis of noncoherent binary DS/CDMA systems in a Nakagami multipath channel with arbitrary parameters

Code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are actively being considered for use in mobile environments. In this paper, new analytical expressions for the bit error rate (BER) of an asynchronous direct sequence (DS) CDMA system employing noncoherent binary demodulation in a Nakagami multipath fading channel are derived. Two binary demodulation schemes are considered, namely, the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and the square-law demodulation with orthogonal spreading sequences. In each case, the analysis assumes that an arbitrary number of independent but nonidentical resolvable paths are combined by a RAKE receiver.
Optimizing Vehicle Occupant Packaging

Occupant packaging practice relies on statistical models codified in SAE practices, such as the SAE J941 eyellipse, and virtual human figure models representing individual occupants. The current packaging approach provides good solutions when the problem is relatively unconstrained, but achieving good results when many constraints are active, such as restricted headroom and sightlines, requires a more rigorous approach. Modeling driver needs using continuous models that retain the residual variance associated with performance and preference allows use of optimization methodologies developed for robust design. Together, these models and methods facilitate the consideration of multiple factors simultaneously and tradeoff studies can be performed. A case study involving the layout of the interior of a passenger car is presented, focusing on simultaneous placement of the seat and steering wheel adjustment ranges. Tradeoffs between adjustability, driver accommodation, and exterior vision are explored under this paradigm. These results are contrasted with those obtained using boundary manikins.
Multianalytical study of corrosion layers in some archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Corrosion layers in some copper and bronze archaeological objects from Haft Tappeh archaeological site, southwest Iran, were studied. For this purpose, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods were applied to observe corrosion stratigraphy and their characteristics as well as identification of chemical composition and phase determination of different corrosion layers. Based on optical and electron microscopy, three different corrosion strata were identified in cross section of different metallic objects including various red, green, white-grey powdery and dark internal compact layers. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis on different corrosion layers revealed that Cu, Sn and Cl are the main elements in the chemical composition of different layers. Tin-rich phases were detected in white-grey and dark layers that may be formed because of the internal oxidation of tin as well as the decuprification (selective dissolution of copper) phenomena occurring during long-term burial period in the soil. Also, the XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy results proved that the main corrosion products are nantokite (CuCl), copper trihydroxychlorides and copper oxides. The combination of these analytical methods allows us to explore the surface and internal corrosion layers of the archaeological copper and bronze samples, and major interest is on studying their chemistry, microstructural properties and corrosion stratigraphy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Music Recommendation and Classification Utilizing Machine Learning and Clustering Methods

viii CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.1 Motivation. 1 1.2 Research Questions. 1 1.3 Recommendation Systems Defined . 1 1.4 Introducing SmartPlayer . 2 CHAPTER TWO . 4 2.1 Recommendation Systems. 4 2.2 Content Filtering . 4 2.3 Collaborative Filtering. 4 2.4 Music Recommendation . 5 2.5 Support Vector Machines . 5 2.6 Boosting . 7 2.7 Dynamic Time Warping . 8 2.7. 1 DTW Algorithm. 9 CHAPTER THREE . 11 3.1 Overview. 11 3.1.1 Training System. 11 3.2 Design Goals. 13 3.3 Classifier System . 13
A hybrid art and science practice

Expressive AI is a new interdiscipline of AI-based cultural production combining art practice and AI research practice. This paper explores the notion of expressive AI by comparing it with other AI discourses, describing how it borrows notions of interpretation and authorship from both art and AI research practice, and by providing preliminary desiderata for the practice.
LQR optimial control for micromachined tunneling accelerometer

The micromachined tunneling accelerometer has wide applications in the automotive industry. The most important problems that face such accelerometers are range, bandwidth, sensitivity and accuracy. This paper presents new technique for improving system behavior, by using optimal LQR controller. Adequate desired performance is obtained by using the proposed technique.
Learning to Read Biology

This longitudinal study examines the reading processes and practices of one college student, Eliza, through eight semesters of undergraduate postsecondary education. Specifically, the study traces the development of this student's beliefs about literate activity—focusing not only on changes in her reading and writing activities per se, but also on her views about those activities, her representations of the nature of texts, and her understanding of the relationship between knowledge and written discourse within her disciplinary field of biology. Multiple data sources—including extended interviews, reading/writing logs, observations and field notes, texts, and read-and-think-aloud protocols—were used to explore Eliza's rhetorical development over her 4 college years. Results of various analyses together suggest that Eliza's conceptions of the function of texts and the role of authors—both as authors and as scientists—grew in complexity. A number of possibly interrelated factors may account for Eliza's expanding notions of authors and of texts: increased subject matter knowledge, instructional support, “natural” development, and mentoring in an internship situation.
EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND QUALITY INDICES OF MULTISOURCED 5 MG AMLODIPINE BESYLATE MARKETED IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA Original Article

Objectives: This study was carried to evaluate and compare the physicochemical parameters and cost of available brands of amlodipine besylate 5 mg marketed in Southern Nigeria. Methods: Fifteen brands were subjected to weight uniformity, friability, hardness, disintegration time, dissolution and chemical content tests. The chemical content test was performed using RP-HPLC method with isocratic run using acetonitrile: acetone buffer (50:50) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and 237 nm wavelength of detection. Results: All the brands tested passed the weight uniformity test with no significant difference in values within each brand at p<0.05. The crushing strength values of only five brands were within official specification. All the brands passed the disintegration time and friability tests while only ten brands passed the content assay. The dissolution test revealed that all the brands released 70 % of their drug content within 45 min. The shelf price of the innovator product was N8, 500 (USD 43) for a pack of 100 tablets while the other products were about N3,000 (USD 15) for an equivalent pack. Conclusion: It can be concluded that though all the brands tested showed good dissolution profiles, only ten brands could be regarded as pharmaceutical equivalents according to their content assay and the price disparity between the products studied cannot be justified by the outcome of this physicochemical evaluation.
A Case for Automatic Run-Time Code Optimization

This thesis describes the design of a software system capable of automatically performing code optimizations at run-time. Rather than attempting to run all optimizations statically, a compiler produces an executable capable of monitoring its own run-time behavior and performing on-the-fly optimizations which take advantage of current execution patterns. This technique, which we call dynamic optimization, potentially adds a high degree of adaptability to code optimization, postponing optimization decisions until the exact nature of the input set or program phase is known, and allowing these decisions to change as program behavior changes. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that dynamic optimization is both feasible and profitable.