Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic, Oceanographic, and Climatic Controls on the Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Sedimentary Record of the Australian‐Antarctic Basin

Understanding the patterns and characteristics of sedimentary deposits on the conjugate Australian‐Antarctic margins is critical to reveal the Cretaceous‐Cenozoic tectonic, oceanographic, and climatic conditions in the basin. However, unraveling its evolution has remained difficult due to the different seismic stratigraphic interpretations on each margin and sparse drill sites. Here, for the first time, we collate all available seismic reflection profiles on both margins and use newly available offshore drilling data to develop a consistent seismic stratigraphic framework across the Australian‐Antarctic basins. We find sedimentation patterns similar in structure and thickness, prior to the onset of Antarctic glaciation, enabling the basinwide correlation of four major sedimentary units and their depositional history. We interpret that during the warm and humid Late Cretaceous (~83–65 Ma), large onshore river systems on both Australia and Antarctica resulted in deltaic sediment deposition offshore. We interpret that the onset of clockwise bottom currents during the early Paleogene (~58–48 Ma) formed prominent sediment drift deposits along both continental rises. We suggest that these currents strengthened and progressed farther east through the Eocene. Coevally, global cooling (<48 Ma) and progressive aridification led to a large‐scale decrease in sediment input from both continents. Two major Eocene hiatuses recovered by the Integrated Ocean Discovery Program site U1356A at the Antarctic continental slope likely formed during this preglacial phase of low sedimentation and strong bottom currents. Our results can be used to constrain future paleo‐oceanographic modeling of this region and aid the understanding of the oceanographic changes accompanying the transition from a greenhouse to icehouse world.
Effects of Genetic and Non-genetic Factors on Body Weight and Carcass Related Traits in Two Strains of Japanese Quails

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on body weight and carcass traits of Japanese quails. Two strains of Japanese quail (150 wild quails and 150 white quails) were used as base population. Four mating groups were used to produce progenies: wild male × wild female, white male × wild female, wild male × white female and white male × white female. Quails were weighed then slaughtered at 35 days of age. The carcass traits consisting carcass weight, breast meat weight, thigh meat weight, skin weight, and abdominal fat weight were recorded after slaughter and after removing feathers, internal organs, and digestive system. Based on these weights, the percentages of carcass, breast, thigh, skin, and abdominal fat were estimated. The effects of sex, hatch, and mating group on body and carcass composition traits were investigated. Sex had a significant effect on all traits (P < 0.01), with the exception of the thigh percentage. Moreover, female birds showed higher values for all traits. There were significant differences between hatches and mating groups and wild male × wild female offspring showed highest values of carcass weight, breast weight, thigh weight, skin weight and abdominal fat weight (P < 0.01). The heritability estimates for body and carcass related traits were moderate to high (0.22 to 0.66). The carcass percentage traits showed lower heritability, ranged from 0.22 to 0.33. Genetic correlations between body weight and carcass weight, skin weight, breast weight, thigh weight, and abdominal fat weight were moderate to high (0.37 to 0.94). These results showed that selection for increasing body weight and decreasing abdominal fat will improve carcass related traits.
Properties of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phenolic Profiles of Şevketi Bostan (Cnicus benedictus L.) Cultivated in Aegean Region from Turkey

The aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic profiles and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and gastro-protective activities of Cnicus benedictus L. , a type of milk thistle cultivated in Turkey. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was measured to determine antioxidant capacity. The anti-urease and anti-xanthine oxidase activities were used to determine the gastro-protective and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts, respectively. The TPC was 337.40 and 635.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g and TFC was 41.05 -119.12 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g in the root and leaf extracts, respectively. The root and leaf extracts of Cnicus benedictus L. , were exhibited different inhibition values against both of the enzymes. The inhibition effect of the both enzymes were calculated as IC50 (mg/mL) in terms of 50% inhibition of the enzymes. The xanthine oxidase activity of the leaf and root was 18.53 and 19.75 mg/mL and the urease activity were 2.29 mg/mL and 11.53 mg/mL, respectively. Fifteen phenolic compounds were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). Vanillic, silibinin B, ferulic acid and rutin were found major amount of the plant. In conclusion, the plant have high potential beneficial nutraceuticals and consumption of the together with its roots and leafs will be beneficial in terms of nutrition.
HeCS-SZ: THE HECTOSPEC SURVEY OF SUNYAEV–ZELDOVICH-SELECTED CLUSTERS

We estimate cluster masses and velocity dispersions for 123 clusters from optical spectroscopy to compare the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) mass proxy and dynamical masses. Our new survey, HeCS-SZ (Hectospec Cluster Survey of SZ-selected clusters), includes 7721 new or remeasured redshifts from MMT/Hectospec observations of 21 SZ-selected clusters at redshifts z = 0.05–0.20. We supplement the Hectospec data with spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and cluster data from the Cluster Infall Regions in SDSS project and the Hectospec Cluster Survey, our Hectospec survey of clusters selected by X-ray flux. We measure the scaling relation between velocity dispersion and SZ mass estimates from the integrated Compton parameter for an SZ-complete sample of 83 clusters. The observed relation agrees very well with a simple virial scaling from mass (based on SZ) to velocity dispersion. The SZ mass estimates (calibrated with hydrostatic X-ray mass estimates) are not significantly biased compared to dynamical mass estimates under the assumption of small velocity bias of galaxies compared to dark matter particles. Significant mass bias in SZ mass estimates could relieve tension between cosmological results from Planck SZ cluster counts and Planck CMB data. In principle, SZ mass bias and velocity bias of galaxies could conspire to yield good agreement, but the required velocity bias is &sgr; galaxy ≈ 0.77 &sgr; DM ? > , outside the range of recent models of velocity bias in the literature. More likely, SZ mass bias and velocity bias are both small, and the tension between SZ cluster counts and CMB data requires another explanation.
Genetic diversity analysis of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glauccum [L.] R. Br.) accessions using molecular markers

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to pearl millet genotypes in order to assess the degree of polymorphisms within and among genotypes and to investigate if this approach was suitable for genetic studies of pearl millet. 20 genotypes were evaluated using 30 different 10-mer primers of arbitrary sequence. Most of the primers did not reveal any polymorphism; however 12 primers revealed scorable polymorphism between genotypes of pearl millet and these can be further evaluated for use in genetic mapping. Pair-wise comparisons of unique and shared polymorphic amplification products were generated by Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient. These similarity co-efficients were employed to construct a dendrogram showing phylogenetic relationships using unweighted paired group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The UPGMA analysis indicated a higher similarity between genotype PT 2835/1 and PT 5552 and lowest similarity index was observed between PT 5554 and PT 2835/1. Analysis of RAPD data appears to be helpful in determining the genetic relationship among 20 pearl millet genotypes. The associations among the 20 genotypes were also examined with Principle components analysis (PCA) from Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient and it is more informative to analyze the extreme genotypes.
Assessment of an Isolation Condenser of an Integral Reactor in View of Uncertainties in Engineering Parameters

RMPS methodology is used for estimating the uncertainties in the fulfillment of a target related with the design of the isolation condenser of a “CAREM-like” integral reactor. The passive-system assessment is made on a basis of a loss of heat sink transient. Given this scenario, the safety function is to remove the core decay heat after the actuation of the shutdown system, thus reducing the primary system pressure and leading the plant to a safe condition. The design target to evaluate is the avoidance of the RPV safety valves opening. In order to accomplish the evaluation, the following RMPS steps were followed: system identification, system modeling, characterization of TH phenomena, direct Monte Carlo simulation, sensitivity analysis, and quantitative reliability estimation. As main outcomes, a ranking of parameters' importance and an estimate of the failure probability, from a design target point of view, were achieved by sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulations based on a response surface model.
“I Wanted to Know More”: A Narrative Exploration of Community College Students’ Goals and Aspirations

The literature on community colleges is overwhelmed by outcomes-oriented data concerning retention, attrition, and graduation rates. What we lack is a more complete understanding of why community college students choose to enroll in the first place. The current study seeks to fill this gap. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, students reported feeling motivated to attend community college by their desires to reconstruct themselves as scholars, make proud their families and communities of origin, achieve social mobility, and develop a more accomplished and purposeful sense of self. Implications of these findings for teaching and learning are discussed, as is the importance of using identity as a lens for understanding students’ motivations.
Performance of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group accessions under repetitive drought stress

Drought is a serious climatic hazard to crop production, more especially when it occurs repeatedly. This created a need to identify repetitive drought tolerant varieties that recover following exposure to drought. Twenty accessions of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group were evaluated for their response to repeated drought exposure in a screen house at Uganda Christian University stressed and well-watered conditions in a split-plot arrangement. Data was collected on growth and yield parameters namely leaf area, plant canopy width, plant height, plant branching, fresh leaf weight, fresh shoot biomass, and harvest index. Exposure of plants to repetitive drought stress led to significant decrease in all evaluated growth parameters at p<0.001 except for plant branching. Similarly, yield parameters exhibited a highly significant difference among accessions and between water levels at p<0.001. Principal component analysis of growth rate traits showed that leaf area contributed to the highest variation for recovery from repetitive drought stress among accessions. The accessions that recovered best from drought stress include SAS108/2015, SAS163/P/2015, SAS183/G/2015, and SAS168/G/2015. For yield parameters, the accessions SAS137/2015, SAS148/2015, SAS108/P/2015, and SAS160/2015 had the highest dry shoot biomass. These findings indicate prospect for improvement of tolerance to repetitive drought stress in S. aethiopicum Shum group. Key words: African eggplant, leafy vegetable, drought tolerance, principal component analysis, growth response.
Effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and foliar-applied iron (Fe) fertilizer at various reproductive stages on yield, yield component and chemical composition of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed

Nutritional management is an important factor in the success of crop production. However, research on the effects of nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) application on soybean yield is limited. In order to study the effects of N and Fe application at various reproductive stages on grain yield and quality of soybean seed, an experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Kurdistan University in 2009. The experimental treatments consisted of three different levels of N fertilizer application as follows: 0, 50 and 100 kg N ha -1 , and two levels of Fe fertilizer (spray with iron and non-sprayed). Results indicate that the maximum seeds yield was obtained at N1 (303 g m -2 ) and N2 (328 g m -2 ) treatments and the highest number of seed per plant was obtained at N2 (128) treatment. Potassium concentration in seed and SPAD chlorophyll value responded to fertilizer treatments and the maximum protein percentage (32.5%) was obtained at N1F1 treatment. This treatment had no significant difference with N1F0, N2F0 and N0F1 treatments. The Fe and N fertilization treatments had no significant effect on Fe, Zn, Ca, Na, Cu and P concentration of soybean seed.
A non-linear two-phase model for reinforced soils

The multi-phase model for the simulation of reinforced soils is developed by considering the non-linear elastoplastic behaviour of the soil. In this method, it is assumed that the medium consists of both the soil and the reinforcement, with the reinforcements placed horizontally among the soil medium. These two phases are connected with each other through a perfect bonding interface. The soil constitutive model is defined as non-linear as a function of stress level considering the distance from the current stress state to the ultimate value as well as the soil stiffness, while the reinforcement as a linear element has an elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour. The formulation of a reinforced soil composite in triaxial compression space will be explained herein and the results of a parametric study of the effects of the reinforced characteristics (stiffness and strength) on the behaviour of reinforced soil are presented. Qualitative comparisons between laboratory tests and the simulations indicate good agreement.
Production and partial purification of protease by selected bacterial strains using raw milk as substrate

Aims: The present study was investigated to optimize and partially purify the proteases produced by the food borne bacterial strains. Methodology and Results: Four bacterial strains such as Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis and Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from food wastes. These strains were individually inoculated in to the formulated culture media supplied with three different concentrations (1:1 to 1:3) of raw milk as major substrate. Among the concentrations, 1:2 ratio of substrate supplied medium showed maximum (0.133 to 8.000 IU/mL) protease production by all the tested organisms. After optimization, the organisms were tested for protease production at various pH (3 to 9), and temperature (30 to 80 °C). The result showed that all the organisms were capable of producing maximum protease at pH 6 (8.533 to 10.133 IU/mL) and at 50 °C (8.666 to 10.666 IU/mL). The crude enzymes produced by the tested organisms were individually purified by two different methods viz sodium alginate and ammonium sulphate-butanol methods. The purity of the protease determined in these two methods was ranged between 3.24 to 5.44 I and 3.13 to 5.55 IU/mL respectively. The partially purified enzymes were further analysed through SDS-PAGE; accordingly the molecular weight of protein produced by the test organisms was determined in between 49.44 and 50.98 kDa. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Among the tested strains P. vulgaris was identified as the major protease producer in optimized culture condition of 50 o C and pH6. The molecular mass of the partially purified protease of P. vulgaris was 50.32 KDa. Further research on optimization of other fermentation parameters using statistical tools with P. vulgaris is needed to scale up the process.
ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT AND THE USE OF TABLET TECHNOLOGIES IN CZECH AND SLOVAK SCHOOLS

New technologies are being increasingly introduced into classrooms as new tools for learning. This is however often done regardless of any academic evidence concerning their impact. Our objective was to identify differences in Academic Self-Concept in students before and after using tablet technologies in education. A total of 490 students aged 10 to 17 from 10 schools in Slovakia and 12 schools in Czechia were enrolled in a 6-month trial, in which instruction was conducted via tablets and touchscreen boards. Our findings showed that the Academic SelfConcept scores of children, who had below-average Academic Self-Concept scores, improved over the trial. However, initial above-average scores tended to decrease throughout the trial. Incorporating technologies into the educational process does not appear to have the potential to be associated with an increase in Academic Self-Concept in students overall. We believe that those who score low on Academic Self-Concept may benefit from the overall motivating effect of the intervention, and from the chance to experience success in novel educational situations.
Impact of postglacial warming on borehole reconstructions of last millennium temperatures

The investigation of observed borehole temperatures has proved to be a valuable tool for the reconstruction of ground surface temperature histories. However, there are still many open questions concerning the significance and accuracy of the reconstructions from these data. In particular, the temperature signal of the warming after the Last Glacial Maximum is still present in borehole temperature profiles. It is shown here that this signal also influences the relatively shallow boreholes used in current paleoclimate inversions to estimate temperature changes in the last centuries by producing errors in the determination of the steady state geothermal gradient. However, the impact on estimates of past temperature changes is weaker. For deeper boreholes, the curvature of the long-term signal is significant. A correction based on simple assumptions about glacial–interglacial temperature changes shows promising results, improving the extraction of millennial scale signals. The same procedure may help when comparing observed borehole temperature profiles with the results from numerical climate models
Resolving Debt Overhang: Political Constraints in the Aftermath of Financial Crises

Debtors bear the brunt of a decline in asset prices associated with financial crises and policies aimed at partial debt relief may be warranted to boost growth in the midst of crises. Drawing on the US experience during the Great Recession of 2008-09 and historical evidence in a large panel of countries, we explore why the political system may fail to deliver such policies. We find that during the Great Recession creditors were able to use the political system more effectively to protect their interests through bailouts. More generally we show that politically countries become more polarized and fractionalized following financial crises. This results in legislative stalemate, making it less likely that crises lead to meaningful macroeconomic reforms.
Vertical stratification of moths across elevation and latitude

There is little consensus as to whether stratification of arthropods between canopy and understorey in tropical and subtropical forests is commonplace and if the magnitude of stratification changes across different elevations and latitudes. We investigated broad‐scale patterns of vertical stratification of moths collected from extensive cross‐continental fieldwork in a variety of forest types, climates, elevations, latitudes and areas with differing biogeographical history.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF PRESSURE DROP IN PACKED BEDS OF MONOSIZED SPHERES A NOVEL CORRELATION FOR PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION

Flow through packed beds of spheres is a complex phenomenon and it has been extensively studied. Although, there is many different correlations there is still no reliable universal equation for prediction of pressure drop. The paper presents the results of experimental research of pressure drop in packed bed of monosized spheres of three different diameters, 8, 11 and 13 mm set within cylindrical vessel of diameter dk = 74 mm, and two different heights of packed bed hs = 300 and 400 mm. It has been proposed modification of widely used Ergun’s equation in the form of fp = [150+1.3×(Rep/(1-e))]×(1-e)2/(e3×Rep) and new correlation fp = 1/[(27.4-25700×dh)/Rep+0.545+6.85×dh] for pressure drop calculation in sim- ple and convenient form for hand and computer calculations. For total number of 362 experimental runs the correlation ratio of the modified Ergun’s relation was CR = 99.3%, and standard deviation SD = 12.2%, while novel relation has CR = 93.7% and SD = 5.4%.
Ozone weekend effect analysis in México City

USANDO TECNICAS DE MODELADO DE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE SE PRESENTA UN ANALISIS DEL EPISODIO DE CONTAMINACION ATMOSFERICA DEL FIN DE SEMANA DEL 14 AL 15 ABRIL DE 2007. SE MUESTRA QUE LAS EMISIONES DE LA ZONA METROPOLITANA DE TOLUCA INFLUYEN EN LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE DE LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO, LO QUE EXPLICA ESTE EVENTO Y NO EL DEBIDO AL ""EFECTO FIN DE SEMANA"". HACIENDO USO DE ESTE ESCENARIO SE MUESTRA QUE LA APLICACION DE LA POLITICA DE REDUCCION DE LA CIRCULACION DE AUTOMOVILES DURANTE ESE FIN DE SEMANA NO HUBIERA PODIDO DISMINUIR LAS CONCENTRACIONES DE OZONO SOBRE LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO. LA MEJORA EN LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE DE LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO REQUIERE LA APLICACION DE MEDIDAS INTEGRALES A ESCALA REGIONAL.
Do Services Differ from Manufacturing? The Post-Entry Performance of Firms in Dutch Services

A large literature has emerged focusing on the post-entry performance of firms and, in particular, on the links between firm growth, survival, size and age. While these studies have resulted in findings that are sufficiently consistent as to constitute stylized facts, virtually all of these studies are based on manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in knowledge about the role of non-manufacturing in industrial organization and, in particular, in the post-entry performance of firms, or what happens to firms subsequent to entering an industry. We suggest theoretical reasons why the relationships between firm age and size on the one hand, and survival and growth on the other may, in fact, not be the same in services as they are for manufacturing. We use a longitudinal database for Dutch firms in the retail and hotel and catering sectors to identify around 13,000 new-firm start-ups and 47,000 incumbents in the services and track them over subsequent years. We are then able test to see whether the stylized results identified, based on manufacturing, still hold in the services. The results suggest that the most fundamental relationships between firm size, age, survival and growth are strikingly different for services than for manufacturing. In terms of the dynamics of industrial organization, services may, in fact, not simply mirror the manufacturing sector.