Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of leaf area density and trellis/training system on the light microclimate within grapevine canopies

The influence of leaf area density and canopy configuration on the light microclimate within 6 wine grape trellis/ training systems commonly used in California (single curtain, double curtain, vertically shoot positioned, lyre, Smart-Henry and Smart-Dyson) was examined in two experimental vineyards (Oakville and Parlier). Mean canopy leaf area density varied considerably among the systems, ranging from approximately 2.8 m 2 m - 3 for the Wye to 10.1 m 2 m - 3 for the VSP. Non-positioned systems were characterized by a layer of relatively high leaf area density in their outer envelope and lower leaf area densities in their interior. In contrast, leaf area density in positioned systems increased from the top of the canopy moving downward to the fruit zone. Mean leaf area density within the fruit zone ranged from near 6 m 2 m - 3 in the DC to over 12 m 2 m - 3 in the VSP and LYR. The pattern of light attenuation within the canopy was generally similar among the systems, with PPF reaching its lowest level in or near the fruit zone. Fruit zone PPF was >10 % of ambient sunlight in low density canopies and <5 % in high density canopies. A gradual decline in fruit zone PPF was found as leaf area density increased in positioned systems. PPF decreased sharply in the fruit zone of non-positioned systems as leaf area density increased from 2 to 4 m 2 m - 3 , then leveled as leaf area density exceeded 6 m 2 m - 3 . Fruit zone PPF decreased as the leaf area density of divided systems increased from 2 to 4 m 2 m - 3 , then declined gradually as leaf area density approached 6 m 2 m - 3 . Fruit zone PPF in non-divided systems was initially lower, and declined more gradually as leaf area density increased, compared to divided systems. Compared to positioned systems, leaf layer number in the fruit zone rose more sharply in non-positioned systems as leaf area density increased. Leaf layer number was greater in nondivided systems compared to divided systems, but declined at similar rates in both systems as leaf area density increased. Shoot-positioned systems achieved well-exposed fruit zones at higher leaf area densities, but lower leaf layer numbers, compared to non-positioned canopies.
An All-Optical Buffer Based on Non-Degenerate Phase-Sensitive Parametric Amplification

The scheme of an optical buffer exploiting phase-sensitive amplification based non-degenerate four-wave mixing is presented and theoretically analyzed. The noise figure of the proposed buffer is analytically and numerically estimated as a function of the number of circulations inside the buffer cavity. Two principal configurations are studied depending on the position of the amplification unit inside the cavity. The analysis is supported by split-step Fourier simulations, which reveal different aspects of the buffer's operation. The performance is also estimated for modulated signals in terms of Q-factor and compared to buffers utilizing phase-insensitive amplification.
University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections Real-Time PCR Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila in Respiratory Specimens Using the ARIES ® System

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn), Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), and Legionella pneumophila (Lpn) can cause both epidemic and endemic occurrences of acute respiratory disease and are responsible for up to 22% of cases of community acquired pneumonia. Due to the limited availability of FDA-approved molecular diagnostic assays, we developed and evaluated a multiplexed Real-time PCR assay for the detection of these agents in two respiratory specimen types on the Luminex ARIES® instrument. The instrument provides for nucleic acid extraction plus PCR amplification and target detection in the same cassette. The ARIES® instrument generates a cycle threshold value and a confirmatory melt curve value for each reaction, including results for an internal sample processing control. The limit of detection for Mpn, Cpn and Lpn, was 100 CFU/ mL, 1000 CFU/mL and 100 CFU/mL, respectively. In addition, accuracy, precision, specificity and stability studies were conducted to validate the assay for diagnostic use. Between November 2016 and June 2017, a total of 836 patient specimens were processed in our reference laboratory, with six positive Mpn and two positive Lpn. No specimens were positive for Cpn during this time period. The availability of a robust multiplex PCR assay greatly enhances the ability to rapidly diagnose infections caused by these three agents causing atypical pneumonia. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/3 Received Date: November 17, 2017 Accepted Date: January 23, 2018 Website: https://www.louisville.edu/jri Affiliations: 1University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Laboratory Louisville, KY 40292 *Correspondence To: Leslie A. Wolf, PhD, HCLD (ABB) Work Address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Doseases Laboratory University of Louisville, Louisville, KY Work Email: leslie.wolf@louisville.edu 11 © ULJRI 2018 Vol 2, (1) ORIGINAL RESEARCH We report here the development and evaluation of a multiplexed PCR assay for the detection of Mpn, Cpn and Lpn in oropharyngeal swabs (OP) and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens on the Luminex ARIES® instrument. The ARIES® is a stand-alone, open-platform instrument in which the assay uses Multicode®-RTx Technology (Luminex, Inc., Austin, TX) with the synthetic base pair isoC:isoG in a probe-free PCR assay. Because of the hydrogen bonding pattern between these two synthetic bases, they can only bind to each other, adding specificity to the DNA amplification process. This closed system greatly simplifies the process of extraction, amplification and detection within a single cassette while remaining robust for diagnostic testing purposes.
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. Part I: Instrument Design

Abstract A ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer has been developed to measure the atmospheric downwelling infrared radiance spectrum at the earth's surface with high absolute accuracy. The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) instrument was designed and fabricated by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) for the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. This paper emphasizes the key features of the UW-SSEC instrument design that contribute to meeting the AERI instrument requirements for the ARM Program. These features include a highly accurate radiometric calibration system, an instrument controller that provides continuous and autonomous operation, an extensive data acquisition system for monitoring calibration temperatures and instrument health, and a real-time data processing system. In particular, focus is placed on design issues crucial to meeting the ARM requirements for radiometric calibration, spectral cali.
Rt-PCR Analysis and Evolutionary Relationship of Some Hungarian Grapevine leafroll associated virus 1 and 3 Isolates

Hungarian isolates of Grapevine leafroll associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3) were tested using serological (DAS-ELISA) and molecular (RT-PCR) methods. Five hundred bp long PCR products of the part of HSP70 gene of one serologically positive GLRaV-1 and four GLRaV-3 isolates were sequenced. These sequences were applied for phylogenetic analysis and compared to foreign virus isolates of NCBI GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of GLRaV-1 HSP70 gene supported the earlier results that it could be divided into two clusters: E and A. The Hungarian isolate 6.4. 1 belonged to the group E. This isolate showed the highest homology with the AY754914 isolate from the Czech Republic. GLRaV-3 sequence data could cluster five groups. Hungarian 2.2; 3.5 and 4.2 isolates were estimated belonging to the group II. The 1.4 isolate from the same vineyard as 2.2 varied in sequence data so it belonged to the other, IV. variant group with two South African, two Austrian and a Syrah isolate. According to the phylogenetic analysis, two variant groups occurred in Hungary. These isolates related with each other, but showed higher similarity of foreign counties. In some cases, they were similar to isolates of the neighbour countries such as Slovakia and Austria. It could be supposed that mainly the exchange of virus infected propagation materials caused the dissemination of GLRaV isolates.
The effect of internal market orientation on employee job satisfaction: a study of Malaysian childcare centre

The number of childcare centres in Malaysia has been steadily increasing and is expected to continue to increase in the future.This is largely due to the active campaign of the Malaysian Government for early childhood education, which is based on the important role played by formal early childhood education. This paper examines the effect of the internal market orientation and employee job satisfaction.To examine the model of the study, 692 questionnaires were distributed.Out of that 360 responses were received from a population comprising the Malaysian childcare center.Employing SPSS approach, the hypotheses of the study were tested.The findings imply the need for childcare centres.This could enhance its sustainability, competitiveness and innovation following market trends.
Effects of Nursing Burnout Syndrome on Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) represent one of the most frequently occurring and costly occupational issue in nursing. The nursing profession is one of the most stressful occupations today, because of the quantity and diversity of risk factors associated with the work environment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire survey was carried out among 415 nursing personnel in five educational hospitals in Hamedan, Iran. Data were collected through two unnamed questionnaires including Maslach Burnout Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Statistical analysis showed that the most commonly painful regions among the nurses were lower back (5.53%), left foot (5.08%), and head and neck (4.43%), right foot (4.90%), right knee (3.84%) and left knee (3.74%). The lowest pain, were found to be in right and left elbows (1.99%) and (1.91%), respectively. Also emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment has significant correlation with musculoskeletal disorders (P=0.000, r= 0.122). Conclusions: The results showed high prevalence of MDS among Iranian nurses that could be due to emotional exhaustion and depression.
Parametric investigation of miniaturized cylindrical and annular Hall thrusters

Conventional annular Hall thrusters become inefficient when scaled to low power. An alternative approach, a 2.6 cm miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field distribution, was developed and studied. Its performance was compared to that of a conventional annular thruster of the same dimensions. The cylindrical thruster exhibits discharge characteristics similar to those of the annular thruster, but it has a much higher propellant ionization efficiency. Significantly, a large fraction of multicharged xenon ions might be present in the outgoing ion flux generated by the cylindrical thruster. The operation of the cylindrical thruster is quieter than that of the annular thruster. The characteristic peak in the discharge current fluctuation spectrum at 50–60 kHz appears to be due to ionization instabilities. In the power range 50–300 W, the cylindrical and annular thrusters have comparable efficiencies (15%–32%) and thrusts (2.5–12 mN). For the annular configuration, a voltage less t.
Tunneling statistics for analysis of spin-readout fidelity

We investigate spin and charge dynamics of a quantum dot of phosphorus atoms coupled to a radio-frequency single-electron transistor (rf-SET) using full counting statistics. We show how the magnetic field plays a role in determining the bunching or anti-bunching tunnelling statistics of the donor dot and SET system. Using the counting statistics we show how to determine the lowest magnetic field where spin-readout is possible. We then show how such a measurement can be used to investigate and optimise single electron spin-readout fidelity.
Hepatosuppression by Adhatoda vasica against CCl 4 Induced Liver Toxicity in Rat

Summary Liver disorder is one of the common thrust area declared by the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi in the reviewed research on traditional medicine. Adhatoda vasica have been reported to exhibit varying degrees of hepatoprotection against the CCl 4 induced liver dysfunction in rats. The present work was carried out to investigate the potential hepatoprotective action of Adhatoda vasica whole plant powder against CCl 4 induced liver damaged Wister rat model. Blood and tissue biochemical parameters of liver have been examined for evaluating the hepatoprotection action. These biochemical markers are GOT, GPT, Alkaline phosphate, glucose, bilirubin, Triglycerides, γGT, cholesterol, DNA, RNA, total protein etc, The effect of Adhatoda vasica whole plant powder is compared with Silymarin by standard protocol and is found to have better hepatoprotective action, thus Adhatoda vasica indicating protection in liver may prove promising effect against liver disorders. Thus it may act even in humans as a potent liver tonic .
Proximate mechanisms of age polyethism in the honey bee

Workers in most insect societies exhibit a division of labor known as age polyethism, so named because workers tend to perform different tasks at different times in their lives. The most common explanation for this phenomenon involves a weak causal link between a worker's age and its occupation. However, available estimates of age effects are generally confounded with other sources of variability. Further, there is considerable variation in the age at which each task is performed. Consequently, the role of age in division of labor remains unresolved. An alternative model, christened 'foraging-for-work', explains age polyethism without a causal link between age and occupation. The specific algorithm, however, is too restrictive to apply in many task situations, and it is inconsistent with existing data on how workers actually locate and select tasks in certain contexts. Therefore, it cannot serve as a general model for task location/selection or for age polyethism. The model's conceptual basis, however, that an age-neutral mechanism can generate age polyethism, is an important contribution that demands further study. The current dialogue over proximate mechanisms of age polyethism has helped to clarify the pattern of behavioral ontogeny in honey bees. A conservative interpretation of existing data is that behavioral ontogeny is characterized by a nest phase followed by a foraging phase. The timing of the transition between these phases is determined more by the environment and physiological processes than by age. Whether nest tasks also follow a necessary sequence is less certain and requires further study.
Experimental comparison of the heating needs of a forced air and an infrared (NIR) heated greenhouse

The potential of near infrared heating (NIR) is assessed experimentally in comparison to forced air heating. The night time heating needs for two identical, experimental greenhouses were monitored for one thermal period. Four IR electric lamps were used to heat the first whereas the second one was equipped with an electric forced air heater. The output of several thermocouples located at the canopy area, on the cover and in the greenhouse air, was recorded every minute and 10 minutes averages were stored on a data logger, along with parameters characterizing the outdoors macroclimate. The two heating systems were operated automatically to keep a reference temperature at the canopy within certain limits during nights. The energy consumption was recorded based on the time of operation of the heating systems. The internal air temperature in the IR heated greenhouse was always several degrees lower than the reference temperature of the plants. Savings of 38-50% were measured for the IR system in relation to the consumption of the conventionally heated greenhouse summing up to a total mean of 43%.
Information Asymmetry About Investment Risk and Financing Choice

Though it is generally accepted that information asymmetry has an impact on capital structure policy, the nature of the information asymmetry is not well understood. Recent theoretical work and empirical evidence suggests that financing choice depends upon the information asymmetry associated with the investment risk of the particular use of proceeds. Consistent with this view, using the sources and uses of funds framework, we find that equity is used to fund projects with greater information asymmetry about their risk such as research and development expenditure, while debt is used to fund investments with lower information asymmetry about their risk such as liquidity enhancement.
The Value Creation of Intellectual Property in Mergers and Acquisitions

This thesis examines the shareholder value creation of IP in M&A. Using a unique patent-M&A data set over the period 2006 to 2016, we show that acquirers of companies holding IP gain significantly more shareholder value than acquirers of targets not holding IP. We find that this only holds as a binary relationship, and that the discrete relationship between shareholder value and IP is negative. We also find that potential IP synergies do not increase shareholder value. We conclude that, while IP is a vital part of targets' assets in M&A activities, ambitious valuations and large IP premia may shift future IP-induced value from acquirers to targets.
The Prediction of Identity Crisis and Addiction Tendency Based on Islamic Beliefs and Family Climate among the nursing and midwifery students

Background and purpose: Recognition identity crisis versus constructing the identity and committing delinquent behaviors, such as addiction tendency and recognizing its predictive variables stand amongst the most crucial issues throughout early adulthood. The present research aimed to shed light upon the prediction of identity crisis and addiction tendency based on the practical commitment to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate among the nursing and midwifery students in Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. Materials and Methods : This correlational research applied a descriptive-cross sectional design through a canonical correlational method. The research sample comprised 150 students studying in nursing and midwifery who were selected through random cluster sampling. To collect the data, Practical Commitment to Islamic Beliefs Questionnaire, Hilburn Affective Family Climate Scale, as well as Identity Crisis and Addiction Tendency Questionnaires were used. The collected data were also analyzed using canonical correlational coefficient. Results : The results of the current study indicated that the bivariate correlation coefficients for all variables was significant at level of 0.01. Moreover, the high correlation value could be found between family affective climate (one of the variables of the first set) and addiction tendency (one of the variables of the second set) (p<0.01). Conclusion : It could then be concluded that a healthy family affective climate can play a significant role in establishing deep and heartfelt relationship with God based on religious teachings, which could also result in bringing up children who are able to avoid having positive attitude toward drug use disorders, and can realize the fallacy of substance abuse.
Do Efficiency Ratios Help Investors to Explore Firm Performances? Evidence from Italian Listed Firms

This paper examines how proxies of efficiency can help investors in exploring firm profitability, stock market value and operational cash flow using company accounting information on the basis of the multiple regression model. On a sample of 215 non-financial firms listed on the Italian Stock Exchange between 2004 and 2013, a positive correlation was found between several turnover ratios used as proxies of efficiency and measures of firm profitability that are more closely related to operating activities such as EBITDA to assets ratio. Similarly, a positive correlation was revealed when operational cash flow was examined, whilst no significant associations between proxies of efficiency and stock market indicators were found. Furthermore, this study explored the role that turnover ratios used as proxies of efficiency have on capital structure in order to gain insight into the significance of relationships related to cash flow.
The Effect of Paclobutrazol Treatment on Starch Content, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Fine Root Density of White Oaks (Quercus alba L.)

Mature white oaks (Quercus alba L.) averaging 61 cm (24.4 in) dbh and in a moderate state of decline were treated with 0.8 g active ingredient (a.i.)/cm (2 g/in) paclobutrazol (PBZ) on 11 April 1995, and again with 1.2 g a.i./cm (3 g/in) on 8 October 1998, as a basal drench. PBZ produced no reduction in leaf size or twig growth of the white oaks at any time during the 7 years of the study. Rapidly growing plants may be more effectively growth-regulated by PBZ. Fine root density, starch content of the woody roots, and percentage of mycorrhizal root tips were unaffected by PBZ treatment. This is the first direct evidence that mycorrhizae are not reduced by the fungicidal properties of PBZ. The root zone of these trees was mulched but laterally restricted. Root density and mycorrhizae may have already been high under these conditions, limiting the ability of PBZ to improve them further.
Monetary Policy, Loan Maturity, and Credit Availability

The recent financial crisis and economic recovery have renewed interest in how monetary policy affects bank lending. Using loan-level data, we analyze the effect of monetary policy on loan originations. Our results show that tightening monetary policy significantly reduces the supply of commercial loans by shortening loan maturity. A 1-percentage-point increase in the federal funds rate reduces the average maturity of loan supply by 3.3 percent, contributing to an 8.2 percent decline in the steady-state loan supply at a typical bank. This channel of monetary policy affects loan supply similarly at small and large banks. Our results have interesting implications for the effects of monetary policy on bank maturity transformation and credit availability.
About the Universal Algorithmic Space of Distributed and Parallel Computing

System-wide problems were arising from the heterogeneity and strong-connectedness of the global computer environment (GCE), including computer aspects of the sustainability of social systems, are analyzed. The reasons for the integration’s complexity of the heterogeneous GCE that complicate the creation of large-scale distributed and supercomputers environments are considered. The ways of removing barriers of complexity are indicated. The universal algorithmic space of distributed and parallel computing in the GCE with the new hardware component in the form of one-chip network computer with nonmicroprocessor and highly parallel architecture are presented.
Temporal Causality between the Malaysian Stock Price and Stock-indexed Futures Market amid the Selective Capital Controls Regime

The article examines the temporal causal relationships between Malaysian stock prices measured by the composite index (MSCI) and stock-indexed futures prices (KLFI), with the aid of cointegration and error correction modelling. The empirical regressions from standard Granger causality and Hsiao’s sequential approach (HSM) suggest a bi-directional (feedback) causality for the short-run period; while the error correction method (ECM) provides the evidence that the stock index futures (KLFI) leads the market stock (composite) index (MSCI). The selective capital controls policy does have a positive influence on the stock-indexed futures market.