Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Modelling of a Fluid-Conveying Flexible Channel Using oomph-lib

The objective of this paper is to assess the suitability of a new, open-source, Finite Element Modelling (FEM) program called Object-Oriented Multi-Physics Finite-Element Library (oomph-lib) to study the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) mechanics of a fluid-conveying two-dimensional channel that has a flexible section. Previous studies have shown that this system contains rich dynamics that can include unstable oscillations of the flexible-wall section due to the fluid loading that itself is determined by the wall motion. The fundamental system is relevant to a host of applications in both engineered (e.g. flexible-pipes, membrane filters, and general aero-/hydro-elasticity) and biomechanical (e.g. blood flow, airway flow) systems. The computational model developed using oomph-lib accounts for unsteady laminar flow interacting with large-amplitude (nonlinear) deformations of a thin flexible wall. The fluid loading on the wall comprises both pressure and viscous stresses while the wall mechanics includes inertial, flexural and tension forces. Nonlinear effects in the wall mechanics principally arises through the tension induced by its deformation and the correct modelling of its geometry throughout its motion. The discretised equations for the coupled fluid and structural dynamics are combined to yield a single (monolithic) matrix differential equation for all of the fluid and wall variables that is solved through a time-stepping algorithm so as to generate numerical simulations of the system behaviour. In this paper we present results of a systematic validation of the computational model developed. Mean- flow mechanics are validated by comparison against theory for Poiseuille flow through the channel with the flexible-wall held in its undisplaced position. Appropriate comparisons of statically-loaded deforma- tions and in-vacuo vibrations of the flexible wall are made against linear theory and the limits of linear behaviour identified. The steady-state FSI is validated by comparing large-amplitude wall deformations, pressure and skin-friction loadings with published computational results that were obtained using a dif- ferent computational scheme that is not in the public domain. Finally, some preliminary results of large amplitude dynamic FSI for the system are presented and discussed. Taken together, these results demon- strate the suitability of oomph-lib as a modelling and predictive tool for the study of fluid-conveying flexible pipes.
Multiple-Predictor Regressions: Hypothesis Testing

We propose a new hypothesis-testing method for multipredictor regressions in small samples, where the dependent variable is regressed on lagged variables that are autoregressive. The new test is based on the augmented regression method (Amihud and Hurvich, 2004), which produces reduced-bias coefficients and is easy to implement. The method's usefulness is demonstrated by simulations and by testing a model where stock returns are predicted by two variables, income-to-consumption and dividend yield. The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
A pilot case study on the impact of a self-prescribed ketogenic diet on biochemical parameters and running performance in healthy and physically active individuals

Background: Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained some popularity not only as effective weight-loss diets and treatment options for several diseases, but also among healthy and physically active individuals for various reasons. However, data on the effects of ketosis in the latter group of individuals are scarce. We therefore collected pilot data on the physiological response to a self-prescribed ketogenic diet lasting 5-7 weeks in a small cohort of healthy and physically active individuals. Methods : Twelve subjects (7 males, 5 females, age 24-60 years) who followed moderate to intensive exercise routines underwent blood testing, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and spiroergometry during an incremental treadmill test. On the next day, they went on a self-prescribed KD for a median of 38 days (range 35-50 days), after which the same tests were performed again. Ketosis was self-monitored by urinary ketone strips. Subjective feeling during the diet was assessed by a questionnaire after the intervention. Due to the small and heterogenous sample, the results are interpreted in the context of the already existing literature. Results: The KDs were tolerated well by the majority of individuals. Impaired recovery from exercise remained the most frequently reported side effect until the end of the study. Most blood parameters remained stable during the intervention. However, there were significant elevations of total and LDL cholesterol concentrations (p<0.01) and a trend towards increased HDL-cholesterol (p=0.05). The drastic reduction of carbohydrates had no statistically significant influence on running performance judged by the time to exhaustion, VO 2max and respiratory compensation points. BIA measurements showed significant increases in phase angle (p=0.01) indicating improvements of body composition with an estimated decrease of 3.4 kg of fat mass (p=0.002) and gain of 1.3 kg of fat free mass. We discuss the validity of these estimates taking into account a possibly altered hydration status due to the KD. Conclusions: Active healthy individuals will probably experience no major problems during a short term KD lasting several weeks. The drastically reduced carbohydrate content of the diet seems to be no limiting factor for running performance. In addition, improvements in body composition can be expected. While most biochemical parameters are not influenced by the diet, there seems to be an impact on the blood lipid profile that could be considered problematic with respect to cardiovascular disease risk. However, the predictive role of cholesterol levels alone in individuals undergoing regular physical activity remains to be elucidated.
Dietary overlap between the potential competitors herring, sprat and anchovy in the North Sea

European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus increased its abundance and distribution in the North Sea during the mid-1990s and may consume similar zooplankton to and/or compete with other occupants of the North Sea like herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus. The diets of adult anchovy, sprat and juvenile herring of comparable sizes, sampled close in time and space, were compared to understand how the 3 species prey on zooplankton and establish whether their diets overlap or not. Anchovy was found to be more generalist, consuming a higher diversity of prey items. Herring was more specialized, with low diversity of food items. Sprat was intermediate between anchovy and herring. The dietary overlap between anchovy and sprat was highest, followed by herring and sprat before anchovy and herring. The mean weight of stomach contents did not differ between species. We conclude that of the 3 species, anchovy is likely to be the least affected by changing plankton communities.
The Role of Optimum Stimulation Level in Exploratory Consumer Behavior

This study examines the role of optimum stimulation level (SOL) in exploratory consumer behavior. The concept of SOL and its measurement are discussed, and the literature on exploratory consumer tendencies and their relationship with SOL is reviewed. Hypotheses are developed concerning the relationship between SOL and cognitive responses to ads, ad repetition, information search, variety seeking, decision making under risk, gambling, and innovative behavior, and these hypotheses are investigated in a series of experiments. Four well-known instruments are used to measure people's characteristic preference for stimulation, and SOL is operationally as a weighted composite of a person's score on these scales. The results of the study indicate that consumers' SOL is systematically related to curiosity-motivated consumer behaviors, variety seeking, and risk taking. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.
The Use of Joinpoint Regression Analysis in the Mortality Study of Developmental Age Population in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, 2003–2012

Abstract The youngest population in society is recognized as that at the healthiest stage of life but is burdened by the occurrence of premature death that should be avoidable. There is a need to use adequate statistical methods in assessing the health status of the population of developmental age. The aim of the study was to analyze trends of mortality in children and adolescents by age and gender in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the years 2003-2012 by joinpoint regression and to identify the causes of mortality. The mortality rate was analysed according to gender and the age groups: 0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The data were obtained from the Central Statistical Office for the period 2003-2012. Differences in mortality levels between age and gender subgroups were obtained by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Join- point regression was used to analyze the trends in mortality. The nomenclature of ICD-10 was used to assess the causes of mortality of children and adolescents. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the years 2003-2012 in the 0-19-year-old age group, the highest proportion of deaths (42.4%) occurred during the first year of life. There were differences in mortality rates between boys (8.0/104) and girls (3.1/104) in the 15-19-year-old age group (p < 0.01), and also between the 1-14-year-old and 15-19-year-old age groups (p < 0.01), both among boys (2.1/104 vs. 8.0/104) and girls (1.5/104 vs. 3.1/104). Monotonous trends were shown regarding total mortality rates in infants. There was a drop in the mortality rate of infant girls (AAPC = 5.3%, p < 0.05) and boys (AAPC = 4.7%, p < 0.05). Changes in the direction of the total mortality rate trend were visible in the population of boys aged 1-14 years, in which, between 2003 and 2010, a significant reduction in mortality (AAPC = 9.5%) was observed, while in the years 2010-2012 the trend was not significant. No statistical evidence was found that mortality changed among girls in the 1-14-year-old and 15-19-year-old age groups. Deaths in infancy were due to perinatal conditions and congenital mal- formations. The main causes of mortality in the 1-19-year-old age group were external causes, mainly traffic accidents and intentional self-harm. Joinpoint regression indicated a uniform decrease of mortality in the years 2003-2012 except for boys from 1-14 years old, for whom the decreasing trend was for the years 2003-2010 with subsequent stabilization. The main problems are still infant deaths due to perinatal conditions, traffic accidents and intentional self-harm in boys in the 15-19-year-old age group.
Who Gets to the Top? Generalists Versus Specialists in Managerial Organizations

We study organizations with individuals whose expertise differ in content and breadth. For example, specialists have deeper expertise than generalists, but in fewer areas. Difficulties in communication depend on who communicates with whom. Our analysis, which is consistent with several empirical findings, shows that: (i) an organization is more valuable and its leader has broader expertise if it is more complex, or faces more unpredictability, or if communication technologies improve; (ii) those higher in multi-layered hierarchies have broader expertise; and (iii) any one-dimensional concept (e.g., talent) cannot explain the assignment of different individuals to different levels in hierarchies.
A new actinopterygian species of Igornichthys Heyler, 1972 from the Permian of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic), and its relationship to the actinopterygians of other European Permo-Carboniferous basins

ABSTRACT A new actinopterygian species from lacustrine Lower Permian deposits of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic) is assigned to the genus Igornichthys Heyler, 1972. Present study of this new species reveals several anatomical structures that markedly advance our knowledge and make the generic diagnosis of Igornichthys more precise. Characters that include sharply pointed spines on the scales, a supraorbital sensory canal continuing from the frontal on to the dermopterotic, a maxilla with the maxillary plate protruding at a ventro-posteriorly angle, dentition forming a single row of similar conical teeth, and an oblong operculum are diagnostic of the new species. Igornichthys is placed within Igornichthyidae Heyler, 1977 together with Igornella Heyler, 1969, Setlikia Štamberg & Zajíc, 1994 and Commentrya Sauvage, 1888 from the Stephanian and Lower Permian of the French Massif central and the Bohemian Massif. Analysis of the anatomical features of Igornichthys and other members of Igornichthyidae demonstrates clear differences from other actinopterygians occurring in the lacustrine basins of the Carboniferous and Lower Permian. The occurrence of very closely related species within Igornichthys and genera included in Igornichthyidae and Amblypteridae Romer, 1945, documents an extensive interconnection among the lacustrine basins of the French Massif central, the Saar Nahe Basin and the Bohemian Massif in the Late Carboniferous and particularly in the Early Permian.
Impact of CEO Duality and Board Independence on FTSE Small Cap & Fledgling Company Performance

The purpose of this empirical study is to explore whether there is any association of CEO duality and board independence with corporate financial performance. The sample consisted of 157 FTSE Small Cap and Fledgling companies between 2007 and 2009. The benchmark test performed was quantile regression coupled with OLS and pooled regression. The results give partial evidence on CEO duality having a positive impact on firm’s accounting performance measured by ROA. In contrast, board independence has no significant association with firm’s financial performance similar to the finding for board size. Control variable sales showed a significant positive and negative relationship with firm performance hence it is inconclusive whether larger firms perform better.
Time Varying Volatility and theÂ Cross-Section of Equity Returns Â

A vast literature has documented the value premium and the small firm effect as pervasive stylized facts in empirical asset pricing and yet research has been largely unable to provide entirely convincing explanations of why these phenomena exist. This paper demonstrates that the cross-sectional variation in returns between portfolios sorted by size and book-to-market value is significantly and positively related to the conditional volatility of those portfolios. We show that the explanatory power of the portfolios' sensitivities to conditional volatility for the cross-section of returns is in addition to that embodied in the sensitivities to market risk, macroeconomic, book-to-market and market capitalization factors.
A CLINICAL CASE OF BABESIOSIS IN A CROSS BRED COW OF MEGHALAYA

A cross-bred cow of aged four years, maintained in the dairy farm of ICAR research complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, in its 3 months of lactation was found suffering from high rise of temperature (106.4°F), haemoglobinurea, anorexia, decrease milk production, anaemia and diarrhoea. Blood samples of this cow were collected in sterile condition on the day of acute stage of infection, 48 hours post treatment (PT) and then at an interval of 3 days up to a period of 21 days post treatment for diagnosis of the infection as well as to monitor the infection. Each and every time the collected blood samples were processed for diagnosis of Babesiosis using conventional parasitological and molecular techniques using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The body of the cow was thoroughly searched for presence of ticks, if any. The disease was diagnosed as B. bigemina infection after examination of Giemsa stained blood smears and PCR using B. bigemina specific primers. The tick Boophilus microplus was found to present in the body of the cow. The animal was treated successfully with a single injection of 4,4′ Diamidine diazoamine benzene diaceturate (Berenil) with recommended doses and no parasite was detected either by examination of Giemsa stained blood smears or PCR after a period of 48 hours PT onwards.
A post-Keynesian theory for the yield on equity markets

This paper offers a novel post-Keynesian theory, in a stock-flow consistent framework, to understand equity returns and their links with economic growth and consumption decisions from a long-run perspective. The main features of such a theory can be summarised as follows. First, there is a negative relationship between Tobin’s q and economic growth. Second, the effect of economic growth on dividend yields and earnings growth is positive, but its effect on the growth in the number of shares is negative (i.e. a ‘dilution effect’), which makes the relationship between equity returns and economic growth undetermined a priori. Third, consumption decisions emerge as crucial drivers for shareholder profitability in the long-run, being such a result very close to Kalecki’s theory of profits, but now applied to financial markets. And fourth, in the post-Keynesian theory the equity yield is determined by aggregate demand, and no theory of risk is needed. Finally, the post-Keynesian theory will be compared against the mainstream financial theory, which features the famous risk-return nexus where asset returns are given by the volatility of the asset with respect to consumption. It will be claimed that the use of risk for determining equity returns at the macroeconomic level is problematic, and that depending on the risk definition assumed, the risk-return relationship can be either positive or negative – being thus such a nexus of little theoretical significance and posing serious problems for mainstream finance.
Relationship between career management and career satisfaction

Aims: Nowadays organizations play an important role in career management because of the change in career models. Career management functions helps individuals to achieve valuable goals. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between career management functions and career satisfaction among the employees of a military unit. Methods: In a descriptive correlation study in 2011, 92 employees of a military unit were selected by random sampling method. Kong et al model was used for evaluating career management and Greenhouse et al model was used for the evaluating career satisfaction. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, one sample T-test, simple regression and stepwise regression. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between career management functions and career satisfaction (p<0.05). Furthermore, the effect of all career management functions on career satisfaction came out to be significant (p<0.05) and forecasted about 86% of dependent variable variation. Conclusion: Career management functions including career evaluation, development and training have strong positive impact on career satisfaction in the studied military unit.
Fourier Velocity Encoded MRI: Acceleration and Velocity Map Estimation

Fourier velocity encoding (FVE) is an alternative to phase contrast imaging (PC). FVE provides considerably higher SNR than PC, due to its higher dimensionality and larger voxel sizes. Furthermore, FVE is robust to partial voluming, as it resolves the velocity distribution within each voxel. FVE data are usually acquired with low spatial resolution, due to scan-time restrictions associated with its higher dimensionality. FVE is capable of providing the velocity distribution associated with a large voxel, but does not directly provides a velocity map. Knowing the velocity distribution on a voxel is important for accurate diagnosis of stenosis in vessels on the scale of spatial resolution. Velocity maps, however, are useful for visualizing the actual blood flow through a vessel and can be used in different studies and diagnosis. In this context, this chapter deals with two aspects of the FVE MRI technique: acceleration and estimation of velocity map. First, are introduced six different acceleration techniques that can be applied to FVE acquisition. Methods such as variable-density sampling and compressive sampling. Then, is proposed a novel method to estimate velocity maps with high spatial resolution from low-resolution FVE data. Finally, it can be concluded that FVE datasets can be acquired in time scale compa- rable to PC, it contains more velocity information, since it resolves a velocity distribution within a voxel, and also provides an accurate estimation of the velocity map.
When and How is Voluntary Disclosure Quality Reflected in Equity Prices

This paper explores the idea that the speed with which equity prices reflect any benefits or costs of voluntary disclosure quality (VDQ) varies across firms. We find that for firms where we expect informational efficiency to be high, VDQ is not associated with returns beyond those available through passively investing in popular styles and is not a priced risk factor. By contrast, among opaque firms (such as those with little analyst coverage), those with higher VDQ achieve higher risk-adjusted excess returns. They also have better operating performance. This result suggests that for these firms value reporting provides net benefits, but today’s equity prices do not yet incorporate this information. We discuss the relation of this finding to existing evidence from another sample that in firms with little analyst coverage higher VDQ is correlated with lower implied cost of equity.
The Effect of Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) in Improving Primary School Students’ Spatial Ability in Subtopic Two Dimension Shape

This study aims to determine: (1) students' spatial ability through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and ordinary learning; (2) students' spatial ability before taught by Realistic Mathematics Education (RME); and (3) the improvement students’ spatial ability taught by Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). This research is a quasi-experimental research. Samples in this research are 69 students at class three, 81 Sate Primary School, Pekanbaru. The instruments in this research are spatial ability test which is analyzed using one-way Independent Samples T-Test. It shows: (1) students' spatial ability through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning is better than ordinary learning; (2) students 'spatial ability before being taught with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is similar to students' spatial skills before being taught with ordinary learning; and (3) students’ spatial ability taught by Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) improve more well and also has higher percentage of students than students taught by ordinary learning. Keywords: Spatial ability, two dimension shape, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)