Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing: Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators, Social-Psychological Factors, and Organizational Climate

Individuals' knowledge does not transform easily into organizational knowledge even with the implementation of knowledge repositories. Rather, individuals tend to hoard knowledge for various reasons. The aim of this study is to develop an integrative understanding of the factors supporting or inhibiting individuals' knowledge-sharing intentions. We employ as our theoretical framework the theory of reasoned action (TRA), and augment it with extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces and organizational climate factors that are believed to influence individuals' knowledge- sharing intentions. Through a field survey of 154 managers from 27 Korean organizations, we confirm our hypothesis that attitudes toward and subjective norms with regard to knowledge sharing as well as organizational climate affect individuals' intentions to share knowledge. Additionally, we find that anticipated reciprocal relationships affect individuals' attitudes toward knowledge sharing while both sense of self-worth and organizational climate affect subjective norms. Contrary to common belief, we find anticipated extrinsic rewards exert a negative effect on individuals' knowledge-sharing attitudes.
IL‐4 regulates IL‐12 p40 expression post‐transcriptionally as well as via a promoter‐based mechanism

IL‐12 and IL‐4, respectively, dominate Th1 versus Th2 polarization. Additionally IL‐4 can inhibit IL‐12 p40 production in DC. Here we show that macrophages respond to bacterial CpG‐DNA with IL‐12 p40 production in an IL‐4‐sensitive manner. Analysis of the molecular mechanism of this inhibition shows that IL‐4 acts by reducing the stability of IL‐12 p40 mRNA as well as by affecting promoter activity. IL‐4 did not affect early CpG‐DNA‐induced signal transduction. However, IL‐4 reduced the activity of the IL‐12 p40 promoter and when de novo transcription of IL‐12 p40 mRNA was blocked,IL‐4 led to acceleration of IL‐12 p40 mRNA degradation. These data show that IL‐4 regulates IL‐12 p40 expression by influencing promoter activity and by interfering with mRNA stability.
Survival and mortality of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (Steinert's disease) in the population of Belgrade

The purpose of this investigation was to determine survival and mortality in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in the Belgrade population within the period from 1983 to 2002. Data of a number of diagnosed DM1 patients with their demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics were gathered from hospital records in all neurologic institutions in Belgrade for the period 1983–2002. Death certificates were reviewed to determine the cause of death. Survival analysis by life table method and Cox proportional hazard model was performed. Within the observed period, in the population of Belgrade, 15 fatal outcomes among 101 patients with DM1 were registered. Average DM1 mortality rate was 0.5/1 000 000 (95% CI 0.3–0.8), and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 5.3. A significant inverse correlation was found between age at onset of DM1 and CTG repeats (P = 0.023). The cumulative probability of 15‐year survival for DM1 patients in Belgrade was 49 ± 5% (48 ± 2% for males and 50 ± 7% for females). Younger age at onset was a significant unfavorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 4.2; P = 0.012).
High specificity of V3 serotyping among human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 subtype C infected patients with varying disease status and viral phenotype

V3 serotyping is a technique for determining HIV‐1 genetic subtype based on the binding of antibodies from patient sera or plasma to synthetic V3 peptides derived from subtype consensus sequences. Variation in the performance of this assay has been attributed to V3 sequence heterogeneity, the degree of which varies with patient disease progression, virus co‐receptor usage, and genetic subtype. This study assessed the performance of a competitive peptide enzyme immunoassay (cPEIA) in samples from HIV‐1 subtype C infected patients with varying disease profiles, including those with syncytium (SI) and non‐syncytium‐inducing (NSI) viruses. Out of 90 sera tested, 94.4% reacted strongly against the subtype C peptide. There was no significant difference in assay sensitivity among samples from advanced AIDS patients in which humoral immune response may be lower, nor among SI viruses which carry changes in the V3 sequence. Four samples were found to be cross‐reactive with other subtypes and one acutely infected patient sample was non‐reactive due to low anti‐gp120 antibody titers. A significantly higher number of samples showed secondary reactivity to subtype A, compared to other subtypes (P < 0.005). In conclusion, the assay was able to identify HIV‐1 subtype C infection with a high level of sensitivity (94%) irrespective of the stage of disease and therefore provides a valuable resource for the large‐scale epidemiological monitoring of the spread of HIV‐1 subtypes in South Africa. J. Med. Virol. 78:1262–1268, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric testing of the adolescent version of the Cook-Medley hostility scale.

Hostility, a phenomenon that has been linked to cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, is often measured by the Cook-Medley hostility (Ho) scale. Although there is an adolescent version of the Ho scale, it has had little testing with only Anglo-American samples. This pilot study tested the reliability and validity of the adolescent version of the Ho scale with a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Sixty adolescents participated. Reliability was measured using Chronbach's alpha. The Ho scale was correlated with the Speilberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (1988) scales to determine concurrent validity. A factor analysis assessed construct validity; content validity was assessed by analyzing tape-recorded descriptions of a circumstance that provoked anger, as remembered by each adolescent. Internal consistency reliability was . 75. The hostility measure was most highly correlated with anger expression (r = .62, p = .000) and trait anger (r = .50, p = .000). The factor analysis generated three factors (suspicious alienation, cynical aggression and justified mistrust), that accounted for 34.5% of the variance. The content analysis resulted in five anger-provoking themes: aggression, unfulfilled personal expectations, mistrust/lying, criticism of effort, and rejection. The majority of items in the scale (74%) were related to one of the themes.
Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance Regulates Androgen Synthesis at the Transcriptional Level1.

Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) is a hormone produced by Sertoli cells of the fetal testes that causes regression of the Mullerian ducts, the precursors to female reproductive tract structures that are present in the bipotential urogenital ridge. MIS is also produced in the adult gonads of both males and females, albeit at much lower levels than those measured during the fetal and perinatal periods. Adult transgenic mice chronically overexpressing MIS exhibit severe gonadal abnormalities and, in males, dramatically reduced levels of testosterone, which might lead to the incomplete virilization observed in some of the males. To understand the roles played by MIS in the adult gonad, we performed Northern analyses to show that the MIS type II receptor is expressed in purified Leydig cells and in two rodent Leydig cell lines, R2C and MA-10. Addition of purified recombinant human MIS to cultures of both R2C and MA-10 cells reduced steroid production. With MA-10 cells, the reduction of testosterone secreti.
Effect of pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility.

Genital infections, in both men and women, may cause permanent functional damage to the reproductive tract resulting in infertility. In men, post-infection infertility is uncommon, whereas in women sequelae after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are the most common cause of acquired infertility. In a prospective cohort study of women who all sought pregnancy after laparoscopically verified acute (non-tuberculous) salpingitis, 141/1309 (10.8%) were infertile because of proven post-PID tubal occlusion. In 448 control women, the corresponding figures were 4/448 (0.9%). Of independent and significant importance for post-PID infertility were the numbers of PID episodes (0/1/2 or= 3: RRs 1.0/7.0/16.2/28.3), and in women with only one PID episode, the severity of infection (mild/moderate/severe; RRs 1/1.8/5.6), delayed care (3 days/3 or more days; RR 1/2.8), use of contraceptives (none/pills/IUDs/other; RRs 1/0.3/0.5/0.8). Similar influences of the same variables were also demonstrated for subfertility, i.e. ectopic pregnancy, and time between index laparoscopy and pregnancy in those women who conceived after PID.
Human Capital and Convergence: A Production-Frontier Approach

Using nonparametric, production-frontier methods, we decompose labor productivity growth into components attributable to technological change (shifts in the world production frontier), technological catch-up (movements toward or away from the frontier), and physical and human capital accumulation (movements along the frontier). We find that (1) technological change is decidedly nonneutral, (2) productivity growth is driven primarily by physical and human capital accumulation, (3) the increased international dispersion of productivity is explained primarily by physical capital accumulation, and (4) international polarization (the shift from a unimodal to a bimodal distribution) is brought about primarily by efficiency changes (technological catch-up).
The virulence of original and derived strains of Semliki forest virus for mice, guinea-pigs and rabbits.

Summary The virulence of several early and serologically indistinguishable strains of the four original isolations of Semliki Forest virus was defined quantitatively through the response of mice, guinea-pigs and rabbits to intraperitoneal, respiratory and intracerebral administration of virus. There was a clear gradient of virulence against a corresponding gradient in the efficiency of the hosts' protective responses. When the responsiveness of the host was critically balanced against the virulence of the invading virus a transitional state developed in which the groups of infected test animals showed a dual response in which some died and some were protected. This may have been due to the presence in some virus samples of subpopulations of extreme virulence and avirulence. Regardless of the ultimate response being death, incapacitation or benign protection, the efficiency of initial invasion and replication of virus was uniformly high for virus strains of extreme virulence or avirulence. We have provided a specification of the virulence of virus and of the efficiency of the hosts' protective responses which may be of value in the standardization of other studies on virus heterogeneity and the induction of the immune state.
Exploring Emotion Regulation in Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended: An fMRI Study

ABSTRACT This exploratory study compared juveniles who sexually offend to nonoffending juveniles in their capacities to behaviorally and neurologically regulate, or reappraise, negative emotions. Participants were 39 juvenile males, including 10 healthy, nonoffending control subjects and 29 juveniles who sexually offend, comprising 12 juveniles who sexually offend with history of child sexual abuse. Participants completed a clinical assessment and a reappraisal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale results showed significantly less difficulties in emotion regulation among controls compared to juveniles who sexually offend, but when self-rating reappraisal abilities during the functional magnetic resonance imaging, all groups obtained comparable results. The imaging results showed no significant differences in fronto-temporal regions between controls and juveniles who sexually offend. Differences were found in other regions indicated in cognitive control, working memory, and emotional processing between controls and juveniles who sexually offend as well as between juveniles who sexually offend and those without history of child sexual abuse. Findings suggest that juveniles who sexually offend are capable of emotion regulation.
Familial risk factors for self-immolation: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE Women are the primary victims of self-immolation in Iran; between 70-88% of self-immolation patients are women. The aim of this study is to investigate familial risk factors for self-immolation patients. METHODS In a case-control study, 30 consecutive cases of deliberate self-inflicted burns admitted to the regional Burn Centre (Imam Khomeini hospital in Kermanshah province, Iran) were compared with 30 controls selected from the community and matched by sex, age, and living area. All cases and controls were reviewed for familial variables, including history of suicide in the family, parental divorce, current conflict with parents, parental death, history of mental disorders in parents, history of addiction in parents, parents' marital conflict, marital conflict with spouse, conflict with other members of the family, addictive disorder in spouse, and socioeconomic level of family. RESULTS Using chi-square test of association, two variables were significantly associated with self-immolation. Marital conflict with spouse (OR 7.80, 95% CI 1.84-33.09) and conflict with other members of the family (OR 10.00, 95% CI 2.94-34.00) were associated with increased risk of self-immolation. The associations of other variables in both case and control groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest marital conflict with the spouse and conflict with other members of the family are risk factors for self-immolation. Screening, identification, and education of at-risk individuals on problem solving and other aspects of coping skills, as well as interpersonal relationships, could be appropriate preventive actions and strategies to reduce self-immolation in Iran.
Time until first dental caries for young children first seen in Federally Qualified Health Centers: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES The study assessed the time until first dental caries for young children seen at five Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) in Iowa and the relationship with the frequency and gaps (in months) of dental episodes, the number of topical fluoride treatments, and the number of dentists caring for the subject. METHODS Forty children were randomly selected at each FQHC (n = 200). All children were continuously enrolled in the Medicaid program and had their first dental visit prior to age 6. Dental chart findings, claims data for the child and family, and birth certificate information were merged into one dataset. Dental visits were followed for a minimum of 36 months, including dental visits external to the FQHCs. Using time until first caries as the dependent variable, the data were subject to left, interval, and right censoring and were analyzed via Weibull regression. RESULTS Slightly more than half of the 200 children experienced caries. Regression analysis indicated that the hazard of first dental caries increased by approximately 2% with each additional month that transpired between preventive recall examinations. In addition, children with older siblings who had a dental visit at the same center during the previous year prior to the subject's first visit were more likely to have a longer time until first dental caries. CONCLUSIONS Timing of dental care episodes was associated with caries experience in young children from low income families. Dental professionals should focus on regularity of dental care to prevent or delay caries experience in young children.
Intracellular ATP and total adenylate concentrations are critical predictors of reovirus productivity from Vero cells

The productivity of reovirus type‐3 Dearing was studied in cultures of Vero cells in serum‐free media. Viral productivity was dependent upon the metabolic state of the cells rather than the phase of growth at which the cells were infected. Cells at different energy states were established by 24‐h incubation in nutrient‐depleted media. This resulted in variable intracellular nucleotide concentrations but high cellular viability was maintained. Of the nucleotides analyzed at the time of infection only the intracellular [ATP] and total adenylate nucleotides were positively correlated with viral productivity. The correlated data followed a sigmoidal plot with an equation defined by polynomial regression analysis. Apparent threshold values of 3.2 fmol/cell and 3.3 fmol/cell were established for ATP and total adenylate, respectively, at which the viral production was 50% the maximal value. Cultures with lower ATP and total adenylate levels at the time of infection resulted in as much as a 95% reduction in overall viral titer compared to the control. The adenylate energy charge (AEC) showed a negative correlation with viral production with an AEC value >0.97 resulting in low virus productivity. Intracellular ATP or total adenylate concentration at the point of infection may be used as a predictor of viral yield in bioprocesses designed for virus/vaccine production. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tunable-Q Wavelet Transform Based Multiscale Entropy Measure for Automated Classification of Epileptic EEG Signals

This paper analyzes the underlying complexity and non-linearity of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by computing a novel multi-scale entropy measure for the classification of seizure, seizure-free and normal EEG signals. The quality factor (Q) based multi-scale entropy measure is proposed to compute the entropy of the EEG signal in different frequency-bands of interest. The Q -based entropy (QEn) is computed by decomposing the signal with the tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT) into the number of sub-bands and estimating K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) entropies from various sub-bands cumulatively. The optimal selection of Q and the redundancy parameter (R) of TQWT showed better robustness for entropy computation in the presence of high- and low-frequency components. The extracted features are fed to the support vector machine (SVM) classifier with the wrapper-based feature selection method. The proposed method has achieved accuracy of 100% in classifying normal (eyes-open and eyes-closed) and seizure EEG signals, 99.5% in classifying seizure-free EEG signals (from the hippocampal formation of the opposite hemisphere of the brain) from seizure EEG signals and 98% in classifying seizure-free EEG signals (from the epileptogenic zone) from seizure EEG signals, respectively, using the SVM classifier. We have also achieved classification accuracies of 99% and 98.6% in classifying seizure versus non-seizure EEG signals and the individual three classes, namely normal, seizure-free and seizure EEG signals, respectively. The performance measure of the proposed multi-scale entropy has been found to be comparable with the existing state of the art epileptic EEG signals classification methods studied using the same database.
Reversibility of DnaA protein activity in the‘irreversible’dnaA204 mutant of Escherichia coli

The dnaA204 mutant, one of the so‐called irreversible dnaA mutants which cannot reinitiate chromosome replication upon a shift from non‐permissive to permissive growth temperature in the absence of protein synthesis, was reinvestigated using flow cytometry and marker frequency analysis. In a temperature downshift experiment and in the presence of protein synthesis the dnaA204 mutant reinitiates chromosome replication very fast. Using a lac promoter‐controlled wild type or a dnaA204 mutant gene carried on a plasmid, we have observed instantaneous initiation of replication when synthesis of DnaA protein is induced in the dnaA204 mutant at 42δC. The data indicate that the dnaA204 mutant after a shift to 42δC still contains functional DnaA protein, but that the activity level is below the initiation threshold. Thus, after synthesis of very small amounts of additional DnaA protein, initiation occurs very fast both after a shift to 30δC, and after induction of DnaA protein synthesis at 42 C. A model describing the processing of DnaA protein in mutants and in the wild type Is presented.
Dynamic transcription factor activity profiling in 2D and 3D cell cultures

Live‐cell assays to measure cellular function performed within 3D cultures have the potential to elucidate the underlying processes behind disease progression and tissue formation. Cells cultured in 3D interact and remodel their microenvironment and can develop into complex structures. We have developed a transcription factor (TF) activity array that uses bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of lentiviral delivered luminescent reporter constructs that allows for the non‐invasive imaging of TF activity in both 2D and 3D culture. Imaging can be applied repeatedly throughout culture to capture dynamic TF activity, though appropriate normalization is necessary. We investigated in‐well normalization using Gaussia or Renilla luciferase, and external well normalization using firefly luciferase. Gaussia and Renilla luciferase were each unable to provide consistent normalization for long‐term measurement of TF activity. However, external well normalization provided low variability and accounted for changes in cellular dynamics. Using external normalization, dynamic TF activities were quantified for five TFs. The array captured expected changes in TF activity to stimuli, however the array also provided dynamic profiles within 2D and 3D that have not been previously characterized. The development of the technology to dynamically track TF activity within cells cultured in both 2D and 3D can provide greater understanding of complex cellular processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 563–572. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The therapeutic potential of manipulating gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are attributed to a combination of genetic susceptibility and lifestyle factors. Their increasing prevalence necessitates further studies on modifiable causative factors and novel treatment options. The gut microbiota has emerged as an important contributor to the obesity—and T2DM—epidemic proposed to act by increasing energy harvest from the diet. Although obesity is associated with substantial changes in the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota, the pathophysiological processes remain only partly understood. In this review we will describe the development of the adult human microbiome and discuss how the composition of the gut microbiota changes in response to modulating factors. The influence of short‐chain fatty acids, bile acids, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics and microbial transplantation is discussed from studies using animal and human models. Ultimately, we aim to translate these findings into therapeutic pathways for obesity and T2DM in humans.