Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do biogenetic causal beliefs reduce mental illness stigma in people with mental illness and in mental health professionals? A systematic review

Viewing mental illness as an 'illness like any other' and promoting biogenetic causes have been explored as a stigma-reduction strategy. The relationship between causal beliefs and mental illness stigma has been researched extensively in the general public, but has gained less attention in more clinically-relevant populations (i.e. people with mental illness and mental health professionals). A systematic review examining whether endorsing biogenetic causes decreases mental illness stigma in people with mental illness and mental health professionals was undertaken using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Multiple databases were searched, and studies that explored the relationship between biogenetic causal beliefs and mental illness stigma in people with mental illness or mental health professionals were considered. Studies were included if they focussed on depression, schizophrenia, or mental illness in general, were in English, and had adult participants. The search identified 11 journal articles reporting on 15 studies, which were included in this review. Of these, only two provided evidence that endorsing biogenetic causes was associated with less mental illness stigma in people with mental illness or mental health professionals. The majority of studies in the present review (n = 10) found that biogenetic causal beliefs were associated with increased stigma or negative attitudes towards mental illness. The present review highlights the lack of research exploring the impacts of endorsing biogenetic causes in people with mental illness and mental health professionals. Clinical implications associated with these results are discussed, and suggestions are made for further research that examines the relationship between causal beliefs and treatment variables.
A Measurement of Cosmic Ray Deuterium from 0.5-2.9 GeV/nucleon

The rare isotopes ^(2)H and ^(3)He in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high energy protons and helium with the galactic interstellar medium. The unique propagation history of these rare isotopes provides important constraints on galactic cosmic ray source spectra and on models for their propagation within the Galaxy. Hydrogen and helium isotopes were measured with the balloon-borne experiment, IMAX, which flew from Lynn Lake, Manitoba in 1992. The energy spectrum of deuterium between 0.5 and 3.2 GeV/nucleon measured by the IMAX experiment as well as previously published results of ^(3)He from the same instrument will be compared with predictions of cosmic ray galactic propagation models. The observed composition of the light isotopes is found to be generally consistent with the predictions of the standard Leaky Box Model derived to fit observations of heavier nuclei
Outcome and Cost of Craniotomy Performed to Treat Tumors in Regional Academic Referral Centers

OBJECTIVEImproved clinical and economic outcomes for high-risk surgical procedures have been previously cited in support of regionalization. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of regionalization by analyzing the cost and outcome of craniotomy for tumors and to compare the findings in academic medical centers versus community-based hospitals. METHODSOutcomes and charges were analyzed for all adult patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor in 33 nonfederal acute care hospitals in Maryland using the Maryland Health Service Cost Review Commission database for the years 1990 to 1996. A total of 4723 patients who underwent craniotomy for tumor were selected on the basis of Diagnostic Related Group 1 (craniotomy except for trauma, age 18 or older) and International Classification of Diseases–9th Revision diagnosis code for benign tumor, primary malignant neoplasm, or secondary malignant neoplasm (codes 191, 192, 194, 200, 225, 227, 228, 237, and 239). Hospitals were categorized as high-volume hospitals (>50 craniotomies/yr) or low-volume hospitals (≤50 craniotomies/yr). In-hospital mortality, length of stay, and charges were evaluated. RESULTSThe mortality rate was 2.5% at high-volume centers and 4.9% at low-volume hospitals with an adjusted relative risk of 1.4 (P < 0.05), assuming equivalence of disease severity. Adjusted average length of stay in high-volume centers was 6.8, as compared with 8.8 days in low-volume hospitals (P < 0.001). Adjusted average total charges were $15,867 at high-volume centers and $14,045 at low-volume centers (P < 0.001). If all patients in the state had been treated at centers with survival rates equal to those achieved by the high-volume centers, then 46 patients would not have died of operation; that is, 48.6% fewer patients would have died, at an additional adjusted cost of $76,395 dollars per patient saved. CONCLUSIONHigh-volume regional medical centers are capable of providing services with improved mortality rates and fewer hospital days, although with adjusted costs slightly higher than those at low-volume hospitals.
Agmatine, an endogenous modulator of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the rat tail artery

1 We investigated the vascular effects of agmatine (decarboxylated arginine), an endogenous ligand for α2‐adrenoceptors and non‐adrenoceptor imidazoline (I‐) receptors, present in endothelium, smooth muscle and plasma, using the rat tail artery as a model. 2 While by itself agmatine (10 nM‐1 mM) was without effect on isolated arterial rings, at the highest concentration used (1 mM) it slightly increased EC50 values for contractions elicited respectively by the α1‐ and α2‐adrenoceptor agonists methoxamine and clonidine. 3 Agmatine (0.03‐1 mM) produced a concentration‐dependent transient inhibition of the contractions induced by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS; 200 mA, 0.2 ms, 1 Hz, 10 s). This effect was abolished by the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonists, rawolscine and idazoxan. 4 In the presence of rawolscine or idazoxan, agmatine produced a concentration‐dependent delayed facilitation of TNS‐induced contractions, which was prevented by cocaine. 5 Neither inhibitory nor potentiating actions were produced by agmatine on contractions induced by noradrenaline (NA) administration. 6 Agmatine did not directly affect [3H]‐NA uptake in bovine cultured chromaffin cells. 7 Agmatine can regulate vascular function by two opposing actions at sympathetic nerve terminals, with different latencies: a transient inhibition of NA release mediated by prejunctional α2‐adrenoceptors and a cocaine‐sensitive delayed facilitation the mechanism of which is undetermined at present. 8 The results reveal the existence of a novel endogenous amine modulating NA release in the perivascular sympathetic terminals.
Ondansetron and tropisetron in the control of nausea and vomiting in children receiving combined cancer chemotherapy.

Ondansetron (Zofron, Glaxo) and tropisetron (Navoban, Sandoz) are selective serotonin (5HT3) antagonists that have proven very effective in the prevention of vomiting and nausea in adults and children receiving cancer chemotherapy. This study compared the efficacy of the two agents in the prevention of vomiting and nausea in children receiving chemotherapy for solid tumors and blood malignancies. A total of 23 children were studied in 205 chemotherapeutic cycles (116 one-day regimens and 89 multiple-day regimens). In 102 chemotherapeutic cycles the children received ondansetron as an antiemetic agent in a dose of 5 mg/m2 30 min before chemotherapy was given and then 4 mg/m2 every 8 h i.v. (group A) and in 103 cycles they received tropisetron in one dose of 0.2 mg/kg 24 h-1 i.v. (max dose 5 mg) 30 min before cytotoxic drugs administration every day they received chemotherapy (group B). The response was defined as complete in the absence of nausea and vomiting per 24 h of chemotherapy, as partial given the presence of 1-4 events of vomiting and/or nausea less than 5 h per 24 h, and as failure if there were more than 4 events of vomiting and/or nausea for more than 5 h per 24 h of chemotherapy. The response of the two groups was studied independently and depending on the degree of emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents, which were divided into mildly, moderately, and highly emetogenic. The comparison of the two groups not taking into consideration the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents showed that ondansetron was more effective in 1-day regimens (P = .023), whereas the two agents were equally effective in multiple-day regimens (P = .2). The statistical analysis depending on the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents showed increased efficacy of ondansetron in mild (P = .017) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents, whereas there was no difference in the highly emetogenic drug group. Ondansetron is found to be more effective than tropisetron in controlling acute nausea and vomiting in children receiving mild and moderately emetogenic chemotherapeutic drugs, although there is no difference in the efficacy of both antiemetic agents when highly emetogenic drugs are administered.
Interactive effect of calcium and magnesium on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Deficiency of calcium and magnesium has a negative impact on plant growth and yield. In this study quantitative parameters of growth and yield in Peshawar were studied by spraying different levels of calcium and magnesium on foliage of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). Calcium chloride source was used as calcium at Ca1 (0%), Ca2 (0.15%), Ca3 (0.30%) and Ca4 (0.45%) and magnesium sulphate source was used as magnesium at Mg1 (0%), Mg2 (0.04%), Mg3 (0.08%) and Mg4 (0.12%) with 15 days interval after transplantation for a period of three months. The maximum plant height (75.78 cm), number of branches plant (8.02), number of flowers cluster plant (22.40), number of fruits plant (33.04) and total yield (ton ha) (23.07) was observed in plants with 0.30% calcium application. Similarly, maximum plant height (72.98 cm), number of branches plant (7.94), number of flowers cluster plant (21.57), number of fruits plant (31.01) and total yield (ton ha) (21.54) was observed in plants with 0.08% magnesium application. This study suggests that calcium and magnesium at the rate of 0.30% and 0.08 % with 15 days interval after transplantation significantly increase the yield and growth under the agro climatic and soil condition of Peshawar valley.
Adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte therapy triggers a counter‐regulatory immunosuppressive mechanism via recruitment of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells

Complex interactions among multiple cell types contribute to the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor microenvironment. Using a murine model of adoptive T‐cell immunotherapy (ACT) for B16 melanoma, we investigated the impact of tumor infiltrating cells on this complex regulatory network in the tumor. Transgenic pmel‐1‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were injected intravenously into tumor‐bearing mice and could be detected in the tumor as early as on day 1, peaking on day 3. They produced IFN‐γ, exerted anti‐tumor activity and inhibited tumor growth. However, CTL infiltration into the tumor was accompanied by the accumulation of large numbers of cells, the majority of which were CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Notably, CD11b+Gr1intLy6G−Ly6C+ monocytic MDSCs outnumbered the CTLs by day 5. They produced nitric oxide, arginase I and reactive oxygen species, and inhibited the proliferation of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. The anti‐tumor activity of the adoptively‐transferred CTLs and the accumulation of MDSCs both depended on IFN‐γ production on recognition of tumor antigens by the former. In CCR2−/− mice, monocytic MDSCs did not accumulate in the tumor, and inhibition of tumor growth by ACT was improved. Thus, ACT triggered counter‐regulatory immunosuppressive mechanism via recruitment of MDSCs. Our results suggest that strategies to regulate the treatment‐induced recruitment of these MDSCs would improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Ethephon Can Overcome Seed Dormancy and Improve Seed Germination in Purple Coneflower Species Echinacea angustifolia and E. pallida

Low and erratic seed germination presents a major production problem in the medicinal plants that collectively are called echinacea or purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia and E. pallida). In this study, nine seed lots of each E. pallida and E. angustifolia from a wide variety of commercial sources and germplasm collections were collected and treated with a solution of 1.0 mM [144.5 mg·L-1 (ppm)] ethephon (2chloroethylphosphoric acid) to determine whether ethephon would sufficiently improve seed germination to be used by industry to improve the quality of echinacea seed. Application
In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi

Abstract Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with a variety of cellular alterations that mitigate cardiovascular disease. However, pinpointing the positive therapeutic effects is challenging due to inconsistent clinical trial results and overly simplistic in vitro studies. Here we aimed to develop realistic models of n-3 PUFA effects on platelet function so that preclinical results can better align with and predict clinical outcomes. Human platelets incubated with the n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were stimulated with agonist combinations mirroring distinct regions of a growing thrombus. Platelet responses were then monitored in a number of ex-vivo functional assays. Furthermore, intravital microscopy was used to monitor arterial thrombosis and fibrin deposition in mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet. We found that n-3 PUFA treatment had minimal effects on many basic ex-vivo measures of platelet function using agonist combinations. However, n-3 PUFA treatment delayed platelet-derived thrombin generation in both humans and mice. This impaired thrombin production paralleled a reduced platelet accumulation within thrombi formed in either small arterioles or larger arteries of mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet, without impacting P-selectin exposure. Despite an apparent lack of robust effects in many ex-vivo assays of platelet function, increased exposure to n-3 PUFAs reduces platelet-mediated thrombin generation and attenuates elements of thrombus formation. These data support the cardioprotective value of-3 PUFAs and strongly suggest that they modify elements of platelet function in vivo.
Rotational stability of dynamic planets with elastic lithospheres

Received 13 April 2005; revised 21 October 2005; accepted 3 November 2005; published 14 February 2006. [1] We revisit the classic problem of the secular rotational stability of planets in response to loading using the fluid limit of viscoelastic Love number theory. Gold (1955) and Goldreich and Toomre (1969) considered the stability of a hydrostatic planet subject to an uncompensated surface mass load and concluded that a mass of any size would drive true polar wander (TPW) that ultimately reorients the load to the equator. Willemann (1984) treated the more self-consistent problem where the presence of a lithosphere leads to both imperfect load compensation and a remnant rotational bulge. Willemann considered axisymmetric loads and concluded that the equilibrium pole location was governed by a balance, independent of elastic lithospheric thickness, between the loadinduced TPW and stabilization by the remnant bulge. Our new analysis demonstrates that the equilibrium pole position is a function of the lithospheric strength, with a convergence to Willemann’s results evident at high values of elastic thickness (>400 km for an application to Mars), and significantly larger predicted TPW for planets with thin lithospheres. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nonaxisymmetric surface mass loads and internal (convective) heterogeneity, even when these are small relative to axisymmetric contributions, can profoundly influence the rotational stability. Indeed, we derive the relatively permissive conditions under which nonaxisymmetric forcing initiates an inertial interchange TPW event (i.e., a 90� pole shift). Finally, Willemann’s analysis is often cited to argue for a small (<18� ) TPW of Mars driven by the development of a Tharsissized load. We show that even in the absence of the destabilizing effects of load asymmetry, the equations governing rotational stability permit higher excursions of the Martian rotation vector than has previously been appreciated.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Infiltration To Treat Chronic Proximal Patellar Tendinopathies: A One-Year Follow-Up

1. Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, University and University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium. 2. Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. 3. Physiotherapy Service, Department of Motility Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. 4. Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital of Liege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
Using automated morphometry to detect associations between ERP latency and structural brain MRI in normal adults

Despite the clinical significance of event‐related potential (ERP) latency abnormalities, little attention has focused on the anatomic substrate of latency variability. Volume conduction models do not identify the anatomy responsible for delayed neural transmission between neural sources. To explore the anatomic substrate of ERP latency variability in normal adults using automated measures derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ERPs were recorded in the visual three‐stimulus oddball task in 59 healthy participants. Latencies of the P3a and P3b components were measured at the vertex. Measures of local anatomic size in the brain were estimated from structural MRI, using tissue segmentation and deformation morphometry. A general linear model was fitted relating latency to measures of local anatomic size, covarying for intracranial vault volume. Longer P3b latencies were related to contractions in thalamus extending superiorly into the corpus callosum, white matter (WM) anterior to the central sulcus on the left and right, left temporal WM, the right anterior limb of the internal capsule extending into the lenticular nucleus, and larger cerebrospinal fluid volumes. There was no evidence for a relationship between gray matter (GM) volumes and P3b latency. Longer P3a latencies were related to contractions in left temporal WM, and left parietal GM and WM near the interhemispheric fissure. P3b latency variability is related chiefly to WM, thalamus, and lenticular nucleus, whereas P3a latency variability is not related as strongly to anatomy. These results imply that the WM connectivity between generators influences P3b latency more than the generators themselves do. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can Selected Functional Movement Screen Assessments Be Used to Identify Movement Deficiencies That Could Affect Multidirectional Speed and Jump Performance?

Abstract Lockie, RG, Schultz, AB, Jordan, CA, Callaghan, SJ, Jeffriess, MD, and Luczo, TM. Can selected functional movement screen assessments be used to identify movement deficiencies that could affect multidirectional speed and jump performance? J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 195–205, 2015—The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) includes lower-body focused tests (deep squat [DS], hurdle step, in-line lunge) that could assist in identifying movement deficiencies affecting multidirectional sprinting and jumping, which are important qualities for team sports. However, the hypothesized relationship with athletic performance lacks supportive research. This study investigated relationships between the lower-body focused screens and overall FMS performance and multidirectional speed and jumping capabilities in team sport athletes. Twenty-two healthy men were assessed in the FMS, and multidirectional speed (0- to 5-m, 0- to 10-m, 0- to 20-m sprint intervals; 505 and between-leg turn differences, modified T-test and differences between initial movement to the left or right); and bilateral and unilateral multidirectional jumping (vertical [VJ], standing long [SLJ], and lateral jump) tests. Pearson's correlations (r) were used to calculate relationships between screening scores and performance tests (p ⩽ 0.05). After the determination of any screens relating to athletic performance, subjects were stratified into groups (3 = high-performing group; 2 = intermediate-performing group; 1 = low-performing group) to investigate movement compensations. A 1-way analysis of variance (p ⩽ 0.05) determined any between-group differences. There were few significant correlations. The DS did moderately correlate with between-leg 505 difference (r = −0.423), and bilateral VJ (r = −0.428) and SLJ (r = −0.457). When stratified into groups according to DS score, high performers had a 13% greater SLJ when compared with intermediate performers, which was the only significant result. The FMS seems to have minimal capabilities for identifying movement deficiencies that could affect multidirectional speed and jumping in male team sport athletes.
One new species and two redescriptions of Marphysa (Eunicidae, Annelida) species of the Aenea-group from Australia.

Species of Marphysa belonging to the Aenea-group have compound falcigers as the subacicular chaetae along the entire body. Around 30 species belong to this group, among these, two have originally been described based on Australian specimens, M. bifurcata and M. sessilobranchiata. Here, we redescribe both species based on type and non-type material and describe a species new to science, M. pseudosessiloa n. sp. , including intraspecific variation. Informative features for the identification of these species are relative length of prostomial appendages in relation to prostomium, shape of notopodial cirri, left MxIV plate, left and right MxIV attachment lamellae and placement of branchial stem. A taxonomic key to species of Marphysa currently reported from Australia is also provided.
Affective psychosis and Prader-Willi syndrome.

Previous studies have demonstrated that maladaptive behaviours are common amongst adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Case reports have also previously demonstrated that psychosis can occur amongst adults with PWS. The present study was undertaken in order to gain a better understanding of the psychopathology of the psychosis of PWS. Twenty-three out of 25 adults identified with PWS living in Northamptonshire, UK, agreed to participate. Comprehensive psychiatric assessments (using the PPS-LD), and measures of adaptive and maladaptive behaviours (using the AAMR-ABS) were completed. Comparisons were made for the prevalence of psychiatric disorders against those from a previous epidemiological study of adults with intellectual disability of other aetiologies from a neighbouring county. The PWS group was found to have higher rates of affective disorders (a point prevalence of 17.4%), in which psychotic symptoms were common, but similar rates of schizophrenia/delusional disorders (4.3%) compared with the comparison group. Behaviour disorders were also common. Surprisingly, none of the PWS group was found to have generalized anxiety or phobic disorders. The diagnostic criteria for the episodes including psychotic symptoms are explored. The high rates of affective disorders is of clinical (i.e. treatment) importance as well as being of academic interest with regard to the genetics of psychiatric disorders.