Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON SPOKEN LANGUAGE PROCESSING Progress Report No . 25 ( 2001-2002 ) Indiana University Some New Findings on Learning , Memory and Cognitive Processes in Deaf Children Following Cochlear Implantation

The present chapter reports new findings on learning, memory and cognitive processes in deaf children following cochlear implantation that attempt to account for the large individual differences in acquisition of aural/oral language skills in this clinical population. The role of known contributing demographic factors is briefly reviewed and the need for further process measures of performance is presented. Perception, attention, memory, and learning in normal language development are discussed. It is suggested that these specific cognitive processes should be studied in greater detail in this clinical population in order to explain the enormous variability in spoken language acquisition. Results from two new data sets are presented and discussed. In the first study, results from an investigation of the “Stars,” deaf children who do exceptionally well with their implant is presented and discussed. The exceptionally good implant users differed from the poorer implant users in several ways related to their ability to rapidly encode sound patterns into phonological representations in working memory and coordinate receptive verbal abilities with expressive language skills. Using supporting literature on typicallydeveloping children, it is argued that a cognitive processing factor having to do with fast and efficient encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of phonological information in shortterm is what enables the better-performing implant users to take advantage of this coordinated linguistic system. The second set of studies involved implanted children who showed a more typical range of abilities. Results from a variety of new measures of information processing performance are reported along with data from age-matched normal-hearing children and normal-hearing adults. Within the group of deaf children who use cochlear implants, speaking rate, a measure shown in other populations to correlate well with an individual’s rehearsal speed for items in immediate memory was found to be strongly correlated with measures of a child’s short-term memory capacity as well as his auditory-only spoken word recognition performance. Finally, additional evidence is presented suggesting atypical short-term memory spans for auditory as well as visual sequences in at least some deaf children with cochlear implants. Data from a novel sequence-learning task revealed that deaf children with cochlear implants also show less than expected benefit from the repetition of familiarized sequences. These new findings on learning, memory and cognitive processes suggest that variation in children’s success with cochlear implants may reflect differences in the operation of basic information processing skills used in a wide range of language processing tasks that draw on verbal rehearsal processes used in working memory.
Effects of Acute 60 and 80% VO2max Bouts of Aerobic Exercise on State Anxiety of Women of Different Age Groups across Time

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on state anxiety of women while controlling for iron status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin). Participants were 24 active women, ages 18-20 years (n = 12) and 35-45 years (n = 12). In addition to a nonexercise control condition, participants completed one exercise bout at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and one at 80% VO2max. Each exercise session consisted of a 33-min bout in which participants exercised at their target intensities for a 20-min segment. Immediately before each exercise trial, participants were given the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The SAI was again administered immediately following the exercise session and at 30, 60, and 90 min postexercise. Data were analyzed using an Age x Intensity x Time (2 × 3 × 5) repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with iron status serving as the covariate. The ANCOVA on state anxiety yielded significant effects for time (p < .0001, η2 p = .48), the Intensity x Time interaction (p = .0006, η2 p = = .19), and the Intensity x Age interaction (p = .04, η2 p = .15). Alt three exercise conditions (including control) showed a decline in state anxiety across time, but the 80% VO2max condition showed a sharper decline. Intensity of exercise conditions did not differ in state anxiety at baseline or immediately after exercise, but a difference favoring the 80% VO2max condition over the control condition emerged at 30 min postexercise. After controlling for iron status, older women who exercised at 80% VO2max exhibited lower SAI scores compared to the control condition.
Multiple autoimmune diseases in a young woman: tuberculosis and splenectomy as possible triggering factors? Another example of the "mosaic" of autoimmunity.

To the Editor: The concept of the mosaic of autoimmunity was introduced1 to describe the existence of multiple autoimmune diseases, among other characteristics, in the same individual. It is also well documented that the same clinical example of disturbed autoimmunity may be seen in various family members, e.g., familial antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). By rearranging components of the autoimmune system diverse patterns of autoimmunity become evident2, and the integration of many genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors (e.g., infections) is expressed as overlapping autoimmune diseases. The amelioration of one disease may result in the appearance of another autoimmune disorder, such as women…
Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor expression

This thesis describes the regulation of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (InsP3R). The mechanisms of InsP3R regulation were investigated after cloning of the promoters of the human and rat InsP3R-1 gene and visualization of subcellular distribution of InsP3R-3 by immunoelectron microscopy (chapters 3-5). Zie: Summary
A phase III trial comparing mFOLFOX6 to mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab in stage II or III carcinoma of the colon: Results of NSABP Protocol C-08.

LBA4 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mycoplasma and ureaplasma colonisation in women with lower urinary tract symptoms

Summary To assess the prevalence of mycoplasma and ureaplasma (MH/UU) in women with bladder symptoms with or without sterile pyuria and to assess the effect of long-term (3 months) antibiotics on symptom improvement in women with significant pyuria and positive culture for MH/UU, urine reports on midstream samples of urine sent from urogynaecology department of one tertiary referral centre over 1 year were studied. Notes for sterile pyuria with positive culture for atypical organisms were retrieved and the data were entered onto Microsoft Excel and analysed. A total of 1,032 urine specimens were analysed between January and December 2005. Out of these, 319 were studies for atypical organisms (31%) and 31 of these were samples repeated on the same patients. The total positive culture rate was 33.7% (97/288). The prevalence of ureaplasma only was 26% (75) and combined mycoplasma and ureaplasma was 7.6% (22) in the first test samples. Of the 97 samples that were positive for atypical organisms, 34% (33) were also positive for typical organisms. Out of the 14 case notes studied, 10 women reported improvement of symptoms (71.4%) with 3 months of antibiotics and 2/9 who had repeat culture were positive for ureaplasma in spite of improvement in symptoms. There was no correlation found for co-existence of typical and atypical UTI or for sterile pyuria and mycoplasma/ureaplasma colonisation. There is a trend towards improvement of symptoms following long-term (3 months) antibiotics in women who have positive culture of MH/UU. A larger prospective randomised controlled trial is necessary to assess the effectiveness of this intervention.
Compact city development: High ideals and emerging practices

Compact city development has, over the last 20 years or so, emerged as the preferred response to the goal of sustainable development. As such, it is pertinent to examine planning practices to see whether the traditional economic bias in planning is now balanced by aims and practices in support of environmental and social sustainability. In this light the social, environmental, and economic goals linked to densification and mixed use development will be the main focus of this article. In addition, the article assesses whether distinct institutional practices support the balancing of these goals. The empirical basis is formed by urban plans in four Scandinavian cities in combination with qualitative interview data. The article concludes that on a discursive level, social, environmental and economic goals are represented in compact city strategies. Institutionalised practices, however, show that economic goals remain at the core of planning. Environmental and social aims still play second fiddle, but new measures are in development that may gradually strengthen their influence over urban development practices.
Aspergillus niger Secretes Citrate to Increase Iron Bioavailability

Aspergillus niger has an innate ability to secrete various organic acids, including citrate. The conditions required for A. niger citrate overproduction are well described, but the physiological reasons underlying extracellular citrate accumulation are not yet fully understood. One of the less understood culture conditions is the requirement of growth-limiting iron concentrations. While this has been attributed to iron-dependent citrate metabolizing enzymes, this straightforward relationship does not always hold true. Here, we show that an increase in citrate secretion under iron limited conditions is a physiological response consistent with a role of citrate as A. niger iron siderophore. We found that A. niger citrate secretion increases with decreasing amounts of iron added to the culture medium and, in contrast to previous findings, this response is independent of the nitrogen source. Differential transcriptomics analyses of the two A. niger mutants NW305 (gluconate non-producer) and NW186 (gluconate and oxalate non-producer) revealed up-regulation of the citrate biosynthesis gene citA under iron limited conditions compared to iron replete conditions. In addition, we show that A. niger can utilize Fe(III) citrate as iron source. Finally, we discuss our findings in the general context of the pH-dependency of A. niger organic acid production, offering an explanation, besides competition, for why A. niger organic acid production is a sequential process influenced by the external pH of the culture medium.
Galaxy Clustering in Early Sloan Digital Sky Survey Redshift Data

We present the first measurements of clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxy redshift survey. Our sample consists of 29,300 galaxies with redshifts 5700 km s-1 ≤ cz ≤ 39,000 km s-1, distributed in several long but narrow (2.°5-5°) segments, covering 690 deg2. For the full, flux-limited sample, the redshift-space correlation length is approximately 8 h-1 Mpc. The two-dimensional correlation function ξ(rp,π) shows clear signatures of both the small-scale, "fingers-of-God" distortion caused by velocity dispersions in collapsed objects and the large-scale compression caused by coherent flows, though the latter cannot be measured with high precision in the present sample. The inferred real-space correlation function is well described by a power law, ξ(r) = (r/6.1 ± 0.2 h-1 Mpc)-1.75±0.03, for 0.1 h-1 Mpc ≤ r ≤ 16 h-1 Mpc. The galaxy pairwise velocity dispersion is σ12 ≈ 600 ± 100 km s-1 for projected separations 0.15 h-1 Mpc ≤ rp ≤ 5 h-1 Mpc. When we divide the sample by color, the red galaxies exhibit a stronger and steeper real-space correlation function and a higher pairwise velocity dispersion than do the blue galaxies. The relative behavior of subsamples defined by high/low profile concentration or high/low surface brightness is qualitatively similar to that of the red/blue subsamples. Our most striking result is a clear measurement of scale-independent luminosity bias at r ≲ 10 h-1 Mpc: subsamples with absolute magnitude ranges centered on M* - 1.5, M*, and M* + 1.5 have real-space correlation functions that are parallel power laws of slope ≈-1.8 with correlation lengths of approximately 7.4, 6.3, and 4.7 h-1 Mpc, respectively.
Climate Change and Food Systems

Food systems contribute 19%–29% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, releasing 9,800–16,900 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2008. Agricultural production, including indirect emissions associated with land-cover change, contributes 80%–86% of total food system emissions, with significant regional variation. The impacts of global climate change on food systems are expected to be widespread, complex, geographically and temporally variable, and profoundly influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Historical statistical studies and integrated assessment models provide evidence that climate change will affect agricultural yields and earnings, food prices, reliability of delivery, food quality, and, notably, food safety. Low-income producers and consumers of food will be more vulnerable to climate change owing to their comparatively limited ability to invest in adaptive institutions and technologies under increasing climatic risks. Some synergies among food security, adaptati.
La surveillance post-opératoire des porteurs de prothèses valvulaires cardiaques au Sénégal : Aspects médicaux et socio-économiques

La chirurgie de remplacement valvulaire cardiaque est une chirurgie couteuse qui implique un suivi post-operatoire difficile a realiser dans les pays en voie de developpement. L'objectif de ce travail est d'estimer le cout de cette chirurgie durant 33 ans (1968-1998) et d'etudier les problemes medicaux et socio-economiques poses par le suivi des survivants. Il s'agit d'un travail a la fois retrospectif et prospectif, multicentrique, realise a l'echelle nationale au Senegal. L'intervention a eu lieu a l'etranger dans tous les cas. Au total 148 malades ont ete operes. Pour les 142 patients dont le lieu de l'intervention a pu etre precise, le cout global de l'operation s'eleve a 839 500 000 FCFA (700 FCFA = 7 F francais = 1 dollar US). Parmi les 54 survivants ayant participe a l'enquete, 8 (14,8 %) seulement ont fait un bilan rhumatismal, 33 (61,1 %) font regulierement un bilan de la coagulation et 25 (46,3 %) n'ont pas eu d'echocardiographie. La moitie des malades ne connaissent pas l'origine de leur maladie, 22 patients (40,7 %) seulement sont informes sur l'acte operatoire subi, L'observance n'est satisfaisante que pour la moitie des patients. Le bas niveau socio-economique influe negativement sur la connaissance de la maladie et l'observance, Cette etude souligne le cout eleve de la chirurgie valvulaire cardiaque et les insuffisances de la prise en charge post-operatoire qui pourraient contrebalancer les benefices attendus du remplacement valvulaire. La plastie valvulaire diminue le cout de la chirurgie et facilite le suivi.
Social support, lifestyle incongruity, and arterial blood pressure in a southern black community.

&NA; Social support is generally thought to modify or “buffer” the impact of stressful events and circumstances on health. There has been little exploration of how the definition and effect of support is modified by culture. In this paper, the role of social support in moderating the effect of a social stressor on arterial blood pressure is examined in a southern black community. Traditionally, support was available mainly within the extended family in African‐American culture. In the aftermath of social change, however, younger black people often find their experiences to be more consonant with their peers. It was hypothesized that kin support would moderate the effect of status incongruence on blood pressure for older persons, while nonkin support would moderate the effect for younger persons. This hypothesis was confirmed in a community study. Future research on social support, therefore, must take into account cultural factors influencing the meaning of social support from different sources.
Living with irritable bowel syndrome.

1. Remember that your bowel is normal – just irritable. 2. Your bowel will be at its best on a regular routine, such as eating meals at regular times throughout the day, and getting adequate sleep. 3. Identify and limit foods that trigger symptoms. 4. Eat plenty of fibre. 5. Identify sources of stress and strategies to manage them. 6. Practice relaxation strategies. 7. Enjoy regular physical activity.
Digital cytopathology

The advancements in the fields of technology and networking have revolutionized the world including the fields of medicine and dentistry. Telemedicine and its various branches provide a broad platform to medical professionals for consultations and investigations and can also act as a valuable educational aid. This review highlights the components, methods employed, clinical applications, advantages, disadvantages of telepathology and telecytology.
Repeating cytological preparations on liquid‐based cytology samples: A methodological advantage?

This study investigates the rule that repeating cytological preparations on liquid‐based cytology improves sample adequacy, diagnosis, microbiological, and hormonal evaluations. We reviewed 156 cases of pap‐stained preparations of exfoliated cervical cells in two slides processed by DNA‐Cytoliq System®. After sample repeat/dilution, limiting factors affecting sample adequacy were removed in nine cases and three unsatisfactory cases were reclassified as satisfactory. Diagnosis was altered in 24 cases. Of these, the original diagnosis in 15 was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; after the second slide examination, diagnosis in 5 of the 15 cases changed to low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 3 to high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 7 to absence of lesion. Microbiological evaluation was altered, with Candida sp. detected in two repeated slides. Repeat slide preparation or dilution of residual samples enhances cytological diagnosis and decreases effects of limiting factors in manually processed DIGENE DCS LBC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:663–669. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in relation to sampling methods, femoral and carotid atherosclerosis

Objectives. To examine whether circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) were associated with ultrasound‐assessed intima‐media thickness (IMT) and echolucent plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries. To examine preanalytical sources of variability in MMP‐9 concentrations related to sampling procedures.
The interaction between staphylococcal superantigen‐like proteins and human dendritic cells

Staphylococcus aureus produce a family of exotoxins (staphylococcal superantigen like proteins, SSLs) with structural, but not functional, homology to superantigens. These proteins have previously been shown to interact selectively with antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells. The functional consequences of this interaction are now explored. SSL7 and 9 had no effect on viability or morphology of dendritic cells. The proteins did not induce dendritic cell maturation, as measured by cell surface phenotype. Exposure to SSL did not alter the ability of dendritic cells to take up FITC‐dextran. Finally, exposure to SSLs did not impair the ability of the dendritic cells to stimulate allogeneic or antigen specific T cell responses. However, dendritic cells loaded with SSL7 or 9 were able to stimulate a T cell proliferative response in 3/8 healthy individuals tested. Sera from nine out of 10 individuals tested contained antibodies against both SSL7 and SSL9, and the response to each SSL was specific and not cross‐reactive. The results demonstrate that SSLs are immunogenic in humans at both the B and T cell level, but it remains unclear whether this response is to the benefit of the bacterium or the host.
Immune responses to the nonglycosylated ectodomain of respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein mediate pulmonary eosinophilia in inbred strains of mice with different MHC haplotypes

Development of subunit vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) for naive human infants is hindered by concerns that immunization with the fusion or attachment (G) proteins will elicit polarized Type 2 T cell responses and cause immunopotentiation upon subsequent natural infection. We investigated the regions of G protein responsible for inducing a Type 2 T cell phenotype in inbred mice of different MHC haplotype toward development of vaccines with improved safety. As demonstrated by IL‐5‐dependent pulmonary eosinophilia after challenge and serum anti‐G protein IgG1 to IgG2 ratios, highly purified native G protein sensitized all strains for a Type 2 T cell phenotype. Stimulation of G protein‐primed splenocytes with synthetic overlapping peptides indicated that the nonglycosylated ectodomain was primarily responsible. Respectively the recall responses of BALB/c (H2d), C57BL/6 (H‐2b), SJL (H‐2s), and C3H/HeJ (H‐2k) mice were directed against epitopes within peptides spanning amino acids 184–198 (pep184–198), 168–181 (pep168–181) or 171–185 (pep171–185), 176–190 (pep176–190), and 104–118 (pep104–118) or 159–173 (pep159–173). Injection of pep184–198 conjugated to KLH (pep184–198‐KLH) primed H2d [BALB/c, B6.C‐H2d/bBy], but not H‐2b [C57Bl/6, C.B10‐H2b/LiMcd] mice for pulmonary eosinophilia. Sensitization with a peptide‐KLH conjugate encompassing amino acids 149–200 (pep149–200‐KLH) further confirmed that Type 2 T cell responses in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and SJL, but not C3H/HeJ mice were induced by the nonglycosylated ectodomain of G protein. These data are important for design of safe and efficacious subunit and attenuated vaccines for RSV. J. Med. Virol. 70: 301–308, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[In vitro study of shaping ability of single-file techniques in curved canals].

OBJECTIVE To compare the shaping quality in curved canals of two single-file technique systems with other two traditional full-sequential systems. METHODS Eighty mature molar canals with the curvature between 20 and 45 degrees were randomly divided into four groups. Specimens in each group were prepared to size 25 at working length using A (Reciproc), B (OneShape), C (MTwo) and D (Revo S), respectively. Each canal was scanned by micro-computed tomography before and after preparation. Parameters including changes in dentine volume, percentage of uninstrumented area, degree and tendency of transportation were analyzed. The operating time was also recorded. RESULTS In full canal length, there was no difference in canal dentine removal, instrumented percentage and transportation degree among four groups (P > 0.05). In the apical 4 mm region, group A removed more dentine [(2.14±0.76) mm(2) of canal surface area and (0.38 ± 0.15) mm(3) of canal volume] than groups B and C(P < 0.05). At 1 mm level, median of transportation degree of group A was 0.05 (0.03)mm, which was smaller than other groups (P < 0.05). Groups A and B took (86.3±24.6) s and (85.9±21.3) s, while groups C and D took (147.4±28.3) s and (126.3±27.7) s srespectively to finish preparation. Single file techniques were significantly faster than the two full-sequential systems (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the continuous rotary systems, the reciprocating single-file system A showed better apical shaping ability. Both single-file techniques were more efficient than full-sequential systems for curved canal preparation. Single-file techniques appear to be the effective and efficient method for curved canal preparation.