Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA LEAF

Terminalia arjuna Roxb. (Combretaceae), commonly known as Arjuna is traditionally used for several medicinal purposes in India. The present study assessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of its leaf. Dried and crushed leaves of Terminalia arjuna were defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with methanol. The methanol extract (META) at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight was subjected for evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animal models. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin tests in Swiss albino mice; and acute anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan , histamine and dextran-induced paw oedema in Wister albino rats . Aspirin and indomethacin were employed as reference drugs for analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies respectively. In the present study, the methanol extract of the leaves of Terminalia arjuna demonstrated significant analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities in the tested models. Key words: Terminalia arjuna Roxb. , Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Pain Moulisha Biswas et al. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Terminalia arjuna leaf. J Phytol 3/1 (2011) 33-38.
Design and Implementation of a Drowsiness-Fatigue-Detection System Based on Wearable Smart Glasses to Increase Road Safety

This paper proposes a drowsiness-fatigue-detection system based on wearable smart glasses to increase road safety. The proposed system is composed of a pair of wearable smart glasses, an in-vehicle infotainment telematics platform, an on-board diagnostics-II-based automotive diagnostic bridge, an active vehicle rear light alert mechanism, and a cloud-based management platform. A dedicated miniature bandpass infrared (IR) light sensor is also proposed and implemented for the low-cost, lightweight, wearable smart glasses, which can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio than a general commercial IR light sensor, minimize the ambient environmental light image, and efficiently increase the accuracy of detection. The proposed system can detect the status of the vehicle driver with respect to drowsiness or fatigue conditions in real time. When drowsiness or fatigue is detected, the active vehicle real light alert mechanism will automatically be flickered to alert following vehicles. The related information will also be concurrently transmitted to a cloud-based management platform. As a result, the proposed system can lead to increased road safety.
Demystifying some possible limitations of CLIL ( content and language integrated learning ) in the EFL classroom

As a result of globalization, the world is constantly changing, people are overwhelmed with information and English is the language that typically serves as lingua franca to learn new content. In recent years, as a direct response to these changes, CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) may be considered the approach in charge of providing suitable answers despite its possible limitations. Innovations, changes, students’ needs, new resources, meaningful content and a communicative perspective are involved in CLIL, a profitable and valuable means to teaching English as a Foreign Language. The main purpose of this work is to encourage EFL teachers to implement this approach in spite of its constraints. Now the challenge seems to be finding out how this approach will lead us towards the achievement our goal.
Fluorescent lighting, headaches and eyestrain

The weekly incidence of headaches among office workers was compared when the offices were lit by fluorescent lighting where the fluorescent tubes were operated by (a) a conventional switch-start circuit with choke ballast providing illumination that pulsated with a modulation depth of 43-49% and a principal frequency component at 100 Hz; (b) an electronic start circuit with choke ballast giving illumination with similar characteristics; (c) an electronic ballast driving the lamps at about 32 kHz and reducing the 100 Hz modulation to less than 7%. In a double-blind cross-over design, the average incidence of headaches and eyestrain was more than halved under high-frequency lighting. The incidence was unaffected by the speed with which the tubes ignited. Headaches tended to decrease with the height of the office above the ground and thus with increasing natural light. Office occupants chose to switch on the high-frequency lighting for 30% longer on average.
Investigation of Wettability of Zirconia by Nanosecond Laser Treatment*

This paper presents an investigation of wettability of zirconia by nanosecond laser treatment. Laser treatment of zirconia has been carried out for investigating the surface wettability with different processing parameters. Morphological and metallurgical modifications are examined in the laser treated layer by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle (CA) and surface roughness also have been measured. It is found that the micro pits and cracks is produced, and the melt of material is splashed on the surface of untreated surface, forming irregular bumps during laser processing, the surface morphology become more complex than the expected surface structure. The dependency of water contact angle of surface by laser treated with time is attributed to the modification of surface chemical composition, especially the change of carbon content and oxygen content. Surface roughness is a factor affecting the stable contact angle.
Preparation and characterization of the polyclonal antibody against GAR domain of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 ( MACF 1 )

Growth arrest-specific 2 protein (Gas2) related domain (GAR domain), located at the C-terminal of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1), plays a key role in microtubules (MTs) binding. To prepare the polyclonal antibody against GAR domain, cDNA encoding 466 amino acids protein of GAR domain was amplified from MG-63 cell by RT-PCR. The amplified cDNA, that exhibited 99% identity to the published sequence, was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pQE-80L for the expression of GAR domain. Polyclonal antibody was then developed by inoculation of New Zealand rabbit with the recombinant GAR protein (rGAR) (97% purity). After several doses of immunization, the titer of antiserum reached 1: 62500 when evaluated by ELISA. The polyclonal antibody was further confirmed by Western blot, which gave results of high specificity and sensitivity (1: 5000). By using the polyclonal antibody to detect MACF1’s association with MTs, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) showed that widely expressed MACF1 was partially aligned along MT filaments in the cytoplasm and co-located with MTs. This polyclonal antibody will be a valuable tool for the further studies of MACF1 and its GAR domain.
In Vitro Screening for Drought Tolerance in Different Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varieties

(L) Moench) genotypes were evaluated for their genetic potential to drought tolerance at callus induction and plant regeneration stage for drought tolerance. The non-ionic water soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 6000 was used as osmoticum to simulate water stress. The factorial experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design which comprised of a combination of two factors (genotypes and five PEG stress level; 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% (w/v) treatments). Data were recorded for callus induction efficiency, callus fresh weight, embryogenic callus percentage and plant regeneration percentage. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes, treatments and their interactions for the evaluated plant traits suggesting a great amount of variability for drought tolerance in sorghum. The correlation analysis also revealed strong and significant association between embryogenic callus percent and plant regeneration percent as well as between embryogenic callus percent and plant regeneration percent. By taking into consideration all the measured traits, Mann Whitney rank sum test revealed that 76T1#23 and Teshale followed by Meko, Gambella-1107 and Melkam showed better drought stress tolerance. Therefore they are recommended to be used as parents for genetic analysis, gene mapping and improvement of drought tolerance while Chelenko, Hormat and Raya appear to be drought sensitive.
Is There a Wage Premium for Returning Irish Migrants?

Higher rates of economic growth in recent years have led Ireland from being a country characterized by emigration to one where population inflows have become an important issue. This paper contains an analysis of one element of the current inflow. Drawing on data collected in 1998 on over 800 Irish individuals who had graduated from Irish colleges in 1992, we compare the wages of returned migrants with the wages of those who stayed in Ireland. In a recent paper, it has been argued that returned migrants accumulate skills and competencies while away that are rewarded on return to the home country. We find support for this argument for men. On average, returning males earn 10 percent more than men who stayed in Ireland, controlling for a range of factors. However, men who say that they originally migrated for labour-related reasons earn 15 percent more. No wage premium is found for female returning migrants relative to female stayers.
Bayesian methods for analyzing true-and-error models

Birnbaum and Quispe-Torreblanca (2018) evaluated a set of six models developed under true-and-error theory against data in which people made choices in repeated gambles. They concluded the three models based on expected utility theory were inadequate accounts of the behavioral data, and argued in favor of the simplest of the remaining three more general models. To reach these conclusions, they used non-Bayesian statistical methods: frequentist point estimation of parameters, bootstrapped confidence intervals of parameters, and null hypothesis significance testing of models. We address the same research goals, based on the same models and the same data, using Bayesian methods. We implement the models as graphical models in JAGS to allow for computational Bayesian analysis. Our results are based on posterior distribution of parameters, posterior predictive checks of descriptive adequacy, and Bayes factors for model comparison. We compare the Bayesian results with those of Birnbaum and Quispe-Torreblanca (2018). We conclude that, while the very general conclusions of the two approaches agree, the Bayesian approach offers better detailed answers, especially for the key question of the evidence the data provide for and against the competing models. Finally, we discuss the conceptual and practical advantages of using Bayesian methods in judgment and decision making research highlighted by this case study.
Effects of Leadership Behavior on Knowledge Management and Organization Innovation in Medicine and Health Sciences

It is wondered how traditional medical industry responds to the information era with new knowledge economy. In fact, medical industry is a knowledge-intensive and human-oriented service industry. The interaction among professional staff at various working systems in hospitals, patients visiting hospitals daily, and the upstream and downstream suppliers for medical activities forms an extremely useful knowledge database. Although the application of information technology is not the whole definition of knowledge management, the entire medical industry, based on other traditional factors, is not ranked on the top for the utilization of modern information technology, compared to other industries. For this reason, establishing a special knowledge management environment with the knowledge-intensive and human-oriented characteristics of medical industry is a worthy goal. Aiming at primary hospitals in Shanghai, the management level, physicians, and employees are distributed 360 copies of questionnaire. Total 288 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 80%. The research results summarize the positive relations between 1.leadership behavior and knowledge management, 2.knowledge management and organization innovation, and 3.leadership behavior and organization innovation. Finally, suggestions are proposed, expecting to have leaders in medical industry guide the organization to become a self-learning organism and, meanwhile, practice knowledge management in the organization to digitalize the generation, storage, and expansion process of knowledge within the organization
A Study on Dialogue Reward Prediction for Open-Ended Conversational Agents

The amount of dialogue history to include in a conversational agent is often underestimated and/or set in an empirical and thus possibly naive way. This suggests that principled investigations into optimal context windows are urgently needed given that the amount of dialogue history and corresponding representations can play an important role in the overall performance of a conversational system. This paper studies the amount of history required by conversational agents for reliably predicting dialogue rewards. The task of dialogue reward prediction is chosen for investigating the effects of varying amounts of dialogue history and their impact on system performance. Experimental results using a dataset of 18K human-human dialogues report that lengthy dialogue histories of at least 10 sentences are preferred (25 sentences being the best in our experiments) over short ones, and that lengthy histories are useful for training dialogue reward predictors with strong positive correlations between target dialogue rewards and predicted ones.
The influence of monetary reward contingency on response strategy in an fMRI decision-making task

iv INTRODUCTION . 1 NEUROECONOMICS . 1 VENTRAL STRIATUM . 2 ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX . 4 ANTERIOR INSULAR CORTEX . 6 ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX . 7 PREDICTING FUTURE DECISIONS FROM BRAIN ACTIVATIONS . 8 PRESENT STUDY . 8 HYPOTHESIS . 9 Reward and Punishment Contingencies vs. No Reward Contingencies . 9 Reward vs. Punishment . 9 METHODS . 11 ETHICS . 11 PARTICIPANTS . 11 DESIGN & DATA ACQUISITION . 11 Experimental Paradigm. 11 Procedure . 15 fMRI Data Acquisition . 16 Data Quality . 16 DATA ANALYSIS . 16 Behavioural Analysis . 16 Image Analysis . 18 Correlation Analyses . 19 RESULTS . 20 BEHAVIOURAL RESULTS . 20
Underreporting of Gender-Based Violence in Kerala, India: An Application of the List Randomization Method

This paper analyzes the incidence and extent to which domestic violence and physical harassment on public/private buses is underreported in Kerala, India, using the list randomization technique. The results indicate that the level of underreporting is over nine percentage points for domestic violence and negligible for physical harassment on public/private buses. Urban households, especially poor urban households, tend to have higher levels of incidence of domestic violence. Further, women and those who are professionally educated tend to underreport more than others. Underreporting is also higher among the youngest and oldest age cohorts. For physical harassment on public/private buses, rural population -- especially the rural non --poor and urban females—tend to underreport compared with the rural poor and urban males.
Mercury levels in seabirds and their fish prey at the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean): the role of trawler discards as a source of contamination

We determined mercury levels in internal tissues and feathers from corpses of Audouin's Larus audouinii and yellow-legged gulls L. cachinnans michaellis, common terns Sterna hirundo and European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii, as well as from fish representative of trawler discards, collected at the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean) between March and July (sea- bird's breeding season) in 1997 to 1999. The levels of mercury were significantly lower in epipelagic (Clupeiforms) than in demersal fish. When representation of each species in the discards is taken into account, the mean mercury concentration from this resource is more than double that of epipelagic fish (the main natural prey for most seabirds in the area). The shag was the only species with direct access to benthic fish, as it can dive to the seabed, and shags presented high levels of mercury even though they do not feed on discards. The other seabirds showed mercury levels in accordance with their seasonal use of discards. Audouin's gull, which exploits discards extensively during the breed- ing season, had the highest levels in those tissues reflecting mercury intake during the breeding sea- son (liver and 1st primary feathers). In contrast, the common tern makes little use of discards and pre- sented the lowest levels of mercury. For those samples reflecting the intake of mercury during the winter (mantle feathers), when only the yellow-legged gull exploits discards extensively, this species presented the highest values. Audouin's gull and the common tern showed similarly low concentra- tions of mercury for this period. We conclude that consumption of discarded demersal fish strongly influenced mercury contamination of surface-feeding seabirds.
Parkinson’s Disease and Metal Storage Disorders: A Systematic Review

Metal storage disorders (MSDs) are a set of rare inherited conditions with variable clinical pictures including neurological dysfunction. The objective of this study was, through a systematic review, to identify the prevalence of Parkinsonism in patients with MSDs in order to uncover novel pathways implemented in Parkinson's disease. Human studies describing patients of any age with an MSD diagnosis were analysed. Foreign language publications as well as animal and cellular studies were excluded. Searches were conducted through PubMed and Ovid between April and September 2018. A total of 53 publications were identified including 43 case reports, nine cross-sectional studies, and one cohort study. The publication year ranged from 1981 to 2018. The most frequently identified MSDs were Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) with 11 papers describing Parkinsonism, Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) (7 papers), and Wilson's disease (6 papers). The mean ages of onset of Parkinsonism for these MSDs were 33, 53, and 48 years old, respectively. The Parkinsonian features described in the PKAN and HH patients were invariably atypical while the majority (4/6) of the Wilson's disease papers had a typical picture. This paper has highlighted a relationship between MSDs and Parkinsonism. However, due to the low-level evidence identified, further research is required to better define what the relationship is.
Novel Dual-Stator Machines With Biased Permanent Magnet Excitation

This paper proposes high-torque-density dual-stator permanent magnet machines with biased permanent magnet (PM) excitation in the inner stator. The developed machine can be geometrically considered as an outer-rotor stator PM machine plus a separate outer stator similar to the conventional fractional-slot machines. Consequently, the proposed designs feature two different stator structures. Meanwhile, two sets of armature windings are employed to improve the space utilization ratio and torque density. The machine topologies and operating principles are first described. In addition, the analytical models of the machine are introduced, which are utilized to optimize the stator/rotor pole combination as well as the power splitting ratio between two stators. This design optimization is performed in order to maximize the torque capability with the constraint of copper loss. The electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed machine with different inner stator structures are evaluated and compared by the finite-element (FE) method. Finally, an optimized dual-stator biased PM machines prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the FE analyses.
Do Customers and Employees Enjoy Service Participation? Synergistic Effects of Self- and Other-Efficacy

Extant research confirms the importance of value cocreation through customer participation (CP), but relatively little is known about whether and how it creates an enjoyable experience for customers and service employees and the consequential outcomes of this positive affective experience. This study applies the concept of flow as an overarching framework and draws theoretical support from social cognitive theory, particularly its extension (i.e., the conceptual model of relational efficacy beliefs), to examine how customers and employees derive enjoyment from CP conditional on their perceived efficacy of themselves (self-efficacy [SE]) and their partners (other-efficacy [OE]) in financial services. Empirical results from 223 client–financial adviser dyads confirm that participation enjoyment, in addition to economic and relational values, mediates the impact of CP on participants’ satisfaction evaluations, with SE positively moderating CP's impact on participation enjoyment. The synergistic effect of SE and OE on participation enjoyment also differs for clients versus financial advisers: Even incongruent levels of SE and OE can enhance participation enjoyment as long as they help validate role expectations of the respective participants.
Leakage Reduction in Water Distribution Systems with Efficient Placement and Control of Pressure Reducing Valves Using Soft Computing Techniques

Reduction of leakages in a water distribution system (WDS) is one of the major concerns of water industries. Leakages depend on pressure, hence installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in the water network is a successful techniques for reducing leakages. Determining the number of valves, their locations, and optimal control setting are the challenges faced. This paper presents a new algorithm-based rule for determining the location of valves in a WDS having a variable demand pattern, which results in more favorable optimization of PRV localization than that caused by previous techniques. A multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to determine the optimized control value of PRVs and to minimize the leakage rate in the WDS. Minimum required pressure was maintained at all nodes to avoid pressure deficiency at any node. Proposed methodology is applied in a benchmark WDS and after using PRVs, the average leakage rate was reduced by 6.05 l/s (20.64%), which is more favorable than the rate obtained with the existing techniques used for leakage control in the WDS. Compared with earlier studies, a lower number of PRVs was required for optimization, thus the proposed algorithm tends to provide a more cost-effective solution. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm leads to more favorable optimized localization and control of PRV with improved leakage reduction rate.