Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (glucagon-like insulinotropic peptide, or GLIP) is a gastrointestinal peptide that potentiates the release of insulin in physiologic concentrations. Its effects in patients with diabetes mellitus are not known. METHODS We compared the effect of an infusion of GLIP that raised plasma concentrations of GLIP twofold with the effect of an infusion of saline, on the meal-related release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in eight normal subjects, nine obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The blood glucose concentrations in the patients with diabetes were controlled by a closed-loop insulin-infusion system (artificial pancreas) during the infusion of each agent, allowing measurement of the meal-related requirement for exogenous insulin. In the patients with IDDM, normoglycemic-clamp studies were performed during the infusions of GLIP and saline to determine the effect of GLIP on insulin sensitivity. RESULTS In the normal subjects, the infusion of GLIP significantly lowered the meal-related increases in the blood glucose concentration (P less than 0.01) and the plasma concentrations of insulin and glucagon (P less than 0.05 for both comparisons). The insulinogenic index (the ratio of insulin to glucose) increased almost 10-fold, indicating that GLIP had an insulinotropic effect. In the patients with NIDDM, the infusion of GLIP reduced the mean (+/- SE) calculated isoglycemic meal-related requirement for insulin from 17.4 +/- 2.8 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 U (P less than 0.001), so that the integrated area under the curve for plasma free insulin was decreased (P less than 0.05) in spite of the stimulation of insulin release. In the patients with IDDM, the GLIP infusion decreased the calculated isoglycemic meal-related insulin requirement from 9.4 +/- 1.5 to 4.7 +/- 1.4 U. The peptide decreased glucagon and somatostatin release in both groups of patients. In the normoglycemic-clamp studies in the patients with IDDM, the GLIP infusion significantly increased glucose utilization (saline vs. GLIP, 7.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.4 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute; P less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS GLIP has an antidiabetogenic effect, and it may therefore be useful in the treatment of patients with NIDDM:
Effects of Brachial Plexus Fentanyl on Supraclavicular Block: A Randomized, Double-blind Study

Background and Objectives. The study examined the effects of adding fentanyl to mepivacaine supraclavicular blocks on block characteristics and postoperative analgesia. Methods. Twenty patients undergoing upper extremity surgery with supraclavicular blocks were prospectively randomized to receive 75 μg fentanyl either added to the local anesthetic (30 mL mepivacaine 1.5% with epinephrine 5 μg/mL) or given intramuscularly. An equivalent volume of normal saline was given in one of the two sites as a control in a double-blind fashion. Sensory and motor block onset, time to completion, and duration were measured. After the operation, patient-controlled analgesia with morphine was administered and the total dose used over 24 hours recorded. Visual analog pain scale (VAS: 0 = no pain, 10 cm = worst pain) was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 hours after the operation. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sensory or motor block characteristics. There was a significantly lower VAS score among the patients with fentanyl added to their blocks within the first hour after the operation (1.3 ± 1.5 cm versus 3.8 ± 3.1 cm; P < .05), but subsequent VAS scores and total 24-hour patient-controlled analgesia requirements were no different. Conclusions. Adding fentanyl 75 μg to mepivacaine supraclavicular blocks has no significant effects on block characteristics. It may enhance postoperative analgesia, but the duration of this effect is too brief to be clinically useful.
Duplicate detection and record consolidation in large bibliographic databases: the COPAC database experience

COPAC is a union catalogue giving access to the online catalogue records of some of the largest academic research libraries in the UK and Ireland. Like all union catalogues, COPAC is supplied with multiple copies of records representing the same document in the contributing library catalogues. To reduce the level of duplication visible to the COPAC user, it has been necessary to develop duplicate detection and record consolidation procedures. These result in the production of a single record for each document, representing the holdings of several libraries. This paper discusses the ways in which both the duplicate detection and record consolidation procedures are carried out, along with the problem areas encountered. The general structure of these procedures is also described, providing a model of the duplicate record handling mechanisms used in COPAC.
Airway assessment/management paradigm – does a spectral or a binary approach fit better?

Binary concepts are common in human thought as we have a tendency to perceive our environment as such e.g. good or evil, guilty or not, dead or alive. They often provide an initial structure for human understanding by simplifying complex systems and allowing us to understand and communicate rapidly. However, steadfast adherence leads to blind spots in understanding and potential failure when dealing with real world complexities. If we adopt only a binary approach and fail to question further, we are in danger of not investigating the system fully and simply perpetuating the binary.
Three-dimensional Visualization of Connexin 43 on the Human Cardiomyocytes

Gap junctions created by a family of connexin proteins play an important role in the development of human heart. It has been previously shown that the abnormalities of right ventricular outflow tract are related to an altered level of expression of connexin 43. The right ventricular outflow tract narrowing, stenosis, or atresia of the main pulmonary artery and hypertrophy of the right ventricle are observed in tetralogy of Fallot. The aim of the current study was to determine the distribution of connexin 43 on the surface of human cardiomyocytes obtained during reparative surgery for tetralogy of Fallot. Connexin 43 distribution in these cells was compared with distribution of connexin 43 in cardiomyocytes obtained from patients without right ventricular outflow tract pathology. Cardiomyocytes isolated from tissue biopsy were cultured on collagen substratum, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and incubated with goat antihuman connexin 43 antibodies and secondary donkey antigoat antibodies conjugated with fluorescent indocarbocyanine. Z-series of optical sections were recorded using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Three-dimensional data stacks were visualized using volume-rendering techniques. Images of connexin 43 fluorescence revealed a pattern of three-dimensional distribution of connexin on the surface of an individual cardiomyocyte. Cardiomyocytes from tetralogy of Fallot and hearts with normal right ventricular outflow tract differ in the organization of connexin 43. Cardiomyocytes from tetralogy of Fallot hearts revealed disturbed distribution of connexin 43. The protein is located irregularly on the entire surface of the cell. In the controls, connexin 43 can be visualized within the intercalated disks only. These disturbances may influence heart maturation, cause hypertrophy of the right ventricle, and induce severe arrhythmias in children with tetralogy of Fallot.
Isoprene and monoterpene measurements in a secondary forest in northern Benin

The biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) composition of ambient air at a rural field site near Djougou, Benin has been studied as part of the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) project. Ambient air was sampled during day and night during the period 2 June 2006 to 13 June 2006. Gas samples from within the forest canopy and from branch and cuvette enclosure systems for four vegetation species were also obtained and emissions flux estimates made. All samples were analysed for the presence of isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes by either gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) or comprehensive gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). Concentrations of isoprene ranged from a few tens of pptV to in excess of 3000 pptV. Similar concentration ranges for certain monoterpenes were also observed. Limonene was seen at a maximum concentration in ambient air of 5000 pptV. The combination of leaf-level observations and direct analysis of dried vegetation samples suggests that emissions of terpene species from indigenous species are unlikely to account for the unexpectedly high ambient concentrations of monoterpenes. Leaf scale emission measurements and biological sample analysis indicated that \textit{Anacardium occidentale}, a non-native crop species found throughout the tropics, was the dominant source of monoterpenes at this location. These preliminary findings suggest that activities involving species replacement have potential implications for the chemistry of the African troposphere that have not been widely considered previously.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease

&NA; The following are guidelines for evaluation and consideration for treatment of patients with inflammatory bone disease (IBD) after bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) has indicated that its recommendations are intended to serve as reference points for clinical decision‐making, not as rigid standards, limits, or rules. They should not be interpreted as quality standards.
Cyclogram and cross correlation: A comparative study to quantify gait coordination in mental state

The purpose of this study to evaluate the effect of mental task on gait coordination. The comparison between two techniques Crosscorrelation and Cyclo- gram has been performed. A set of gait experiments was developed and conducted to evaluate the effect of mental task on gait coordination. The perimeter derived from the geometric figure, cyclogram perimeter (CP), of the knee-knee cyclogram is the main descriptor considered in this study. For crosscorrelation it is the peak value of cross correlation coefficient (CCC) that has been taken for comparison. The sensitivity of both the techniques in terms of percentage has been calculated. Crosscorrelation is highly sensitive (mean=20.4 S.D.=2.3), towards the change in gait coordination with mental task, in comparison to cyclogram perimeter (mean=2.2 S.D.=1.2). The results have strength to assess the progress of rehabilitation among Parkinson patients.
Cluster analysis of submontane forest along western slope of Frasers' Hill Research Centre in Raub District, Malaysia

Submontance forest at five different altitudes along the western slope of Frasers' Research Centre (FHRC) in Raub District, Pahang State of Malaysia by Ward Linkage Method (WLM) was classified. Five plots were set at 1000 m (P1), 1050 m (P2), 1100 m (P3), 1150 m (P4) and 1200 m (P5), and all the trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm have been measured. Cluster analysis by WLM of these plots resulted in the identification of four forest zones (FZ) denoted by FZ1P1, FZ2P2, FZ3P3P4 and FZ4P5. These forest zones were denoted by three most dominant species in term of importance value (Iv) such as Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook . - Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman - Adinandra dumosa Jack (Zone FZ1P1), Trigonobalanus verticillata Forman - Syzygium stapfianum (King) I.M. Turner - Syzygium subdecussatum (Wall. ex Duthie) I.M. Turner (Zone FZ2P2), Syzygium leptostemon (Korth.) Merr. & L.M. Perry - Wikstroemia polyantha Merr - Syzygium napiforme (Koord. & Valeton) Merr. & L.M. Perry (Zone FZ3P3P4) and Syzygium filiforme (Wall. ex Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn . - Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) A.J. Scott - Litsea machilifolia Gamble (Zones FZ4P5). Correlation analysis showed that the number of trees in 0.1 ha, density/ha, DBH, mean DBH, number of species, number of family, number of genus, basal area (BA), mean BA, R, H and E and species with the biggest DBH decreased with increasing altitude. The r-values obtained for these 13 attributes were from – 0.13 to – 0.99. The distribution of trees were found to differ between DBH Class (DBHC) in all FZ. This study revealed that 73.1 to 88.17% of trees in all FZ fall into DBHC1 and DBHC2. On the other hand, 1.02 to 6.28% fall into DBHC5, DBHC6 and DBHC7. The distribution of species was different between I v Class (I v C) all the four FZ. It was found that from 77.68 to 93.75% of the species fall into I v C1 and I v C2, and between 1.66 to 5.12% of the species fall into I v C4 and I v C5. Key words: Cluster analysis; Submontane forest; Western slope; Malaysia DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2. 9767 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40 (2): 121-132, 2011 (December)
Spondylolysis: Bending of the Inferior Articular Processes of Lumbar Vertebrae During Simulated Spinal Movements

Study Design This was a cadaveric lumbar motion segment experiment. Objectives To measure bending about the pars interarticularis during simulated flexion and extension movements, with and without high compressive forces. This was designed to indicate which activities are most likely to cause spondylolysis. Summary of Background Data The mechanical etiology of spondylolysis is controversial. Methods Motion segments were loaded to simulate: A, full flexion; B, full extension; C, high compression in flexed posture, and D, high compression in lordotic posture. Bending of the inferior articular processes about the pars was measured in the sagittal plane, using a two-dimensional “MacReflex” infrared motion analysis system. Results In full flexion, tension in the intervertebral ligaments bent the processes forward and down (by 3.25° ± 3.07°), whereas in the loading conditions B, C, and D, inter-facet compressive forces caused the processes to bend backward and upward, by 2.24 ± 2.48°, 0.40 ± 0.23°, and 0.74 ± 0.56° respectively. Conclusions Activities that involve alternating flexion and extension movements cause large stress reversals in the pars and pose the greatest threat of spondylolysis. Compressive loading has little effect.
New histogram computation adapted for FPGA implementation of HOG algorithm: For car detection applications

In this paper we introduce a new histogram computation method to be used within the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) algorithm. The new method replaces the arctangent with the slope computation and the classical magnitude allocation based on interpolation with a simpler algorithm. The new method allows a more efficient implementation of HOG in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), by considerably reducing the area (thus increasing the level of parallelism), while maintaining very close classification accuracy compared to the original algorithm. Thus, the new method is attractive for many applications, including car detection and classification.
Sarcomas and related mesenchymal tumors of the breast

The clinical and pathologic findings in 32 patients with mesenchymal neoplasms of the breast were analyzed to determine which pathologic features were related to clinical behavior. The neoplasms were similar to mesenchymal tumors elsewhere in the body except that heterologous differentiation to form bone, cartilage, muscle and fat was surprisingly frequent. Recurrent lesions occurred in 12 patients, all within 14 months of initial therapy, and eight patients died of tumor, all within 5 years. Pathologic features associated with a low risk of recurrence or of death were a pushing margin (one recurrence, no deaths) and minimal atypism of the tumor cells. The degree of mitotic activity correlated less clearly with behavior but it was apparent that any tumor with five or more mitotic figures per 10 high‐power fields was capable of metastasis. Such features of the tumor as its size, its contour and the degree of its cellular atypism and mitotic activity should be given in future reports so that the reader can evaluate the potential of the neoplasm for himself.
The effects of red blood cell preparation method on in vitro markers of red blood cell aging and inflammatory response

Studies are currently under way examining whether the age of stored red blood cells (RBCs) affects clinical outcome in transfusion recipients. The effects of storage duration on the RBC storage lesion are well documented, while fewer studies are available regarding the effect of RBC production method. In this study, we compared in vitro RBC quality variables and markers of inflammatory response in apheresis and whole blood (WB)‐derived RBCs, specifically those prepared after an overnight room temperature hold (RTH) of WB.
Ecology of reproduction in Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei): Dietary strategies and energetic condition during a high fruit period

The ability to increase energy storage when food is abundant for later use during late gestation and early lactation is often considered the primary benefit of the capital breeding strategy (clustering conceptions during high food periods, HFP) that promotes reproductive success among females living in unpredictable environments. Capital breeding, however, may also enable preconceptive females to increase hormone production for ovulation, which has been linked to energetic condition in capital breeders, and/or allow females entering the subsequent HFP to increase their energetic condition in order to continue nursing unweaned infants. Here, we investigate whether capital breeding provides these additional benefits in 16 female Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei) and determine the dietary strategies used to increase energetic condition (measured by urinary C‐peptide: UCP) during the HFP. Fecal estradiol (fE2) and UCP were negatively correlated with number of cycles before conception (r = −0.591, r = −0.646, P < 0.01) and were highest in conceptive cycles. Both peri‐conceptive (preconception and early gestation) and non‐peri‐conceptive (lactation) females increased energetic condition over the HFP (r = 0.612, r = 0.583, P < 0.001) by increasing dietary fat (r = 0.619, r = 0.703, P < 0.001) and, for non‐peri‐conceptive females, protein (r = 0.437, P < 0.001). Feeding intake rate (FIR) and time spent foraging and feeding did not change over the HFP; however, non‐peri‐conceptive females exhibited a faster FIR compared to peri‐conceptive females (t = −2.324, P < 0.05), consuming almost twice as much food per unit time. The results of this study confirm that Sanje mangabeys benefit in multiple phases of the reproductive cycle by using capital breeding, which may explain how this strategy promotes female reproductive success. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1196–1208, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of Effective Permeability for Dumbbell-Shaped Magnetic Cores

The objective of this paper is to provide suitable approximations of effective permeability for magnetic concentration cores. This core has a dumbbell shape so that the magnetic flux is concentrated to the coil winding part of the core. It is well known that the demagnetizing factor strongly depends on the core shape, which defines the effective permeability. Although several researchers have already proposed an approximation for a dumbbell-shaped core, they did not take into account the flange part length. In this paper, a novel approximation for a dumbbell-shaped core is proposed. It is based on the demagnetizing factor and correction terms related to the aspect ratio of both the flange and coil winding part. From experimental results, the validity of the approximation is confirmed.
COMPARISON OF INCIDENCE , INDICATION AND COMPLICATION OF PRIMARY CESAREAN SECTION IN PRIMIGRAVIDA AND MULTIGRAVIDA

Background: To compare the indications, incidence and complication of primary cesarean section performed in primigravida to that in multigravida Methods :This was a prospective study carried out in Umaid Hospital, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, attached to Dr.S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur from 1st march 2013 to 31st May 2013. All patients who delivered vaginally or abdominally during this period were calculated. Those who had a primary cesarean section were considered as cases. Indication for cesarean section was noted before operation. All complications were observed and noted till the discharge of the patient. Calculations were made separately for primigravida and a multigravida and the results were compared. Statistical analysis was done by chi square test of significance. Result: During this period 2179 primigravida and 2802 multigravida were delivered of which 475 primigravida had a cesarean section and 275 multigravida had a primary cesarean section. Incidence of primary cesarean section was higher in primigravida. Fetal distress and CPD were the most common indications in both primigravida and multigravida. Incidence of APE was higher in primigravida whereas the incidence of APH was higher in multigravida. Incidence of blood transfusion was higher in multigravida. Incidence of wound gape was statistically higher in multigravida. Conclusion :First labor of women needs to be well managed to reduce cesarean section rates. Incidence of APE can be reduced by good antenatal checkups. Multigravida runs a higher risk of morbidity which emphasizes the need of improving the health status of women in reproductive age group and better implementation of family planning services.
Effect of rooting time, pot size and fertigation technique on strawberry plant architecture

BACKGROUND: Flower induction and the reproductive and vegetative behavior of strawberry plants depend on several agronomic and nutritional factors. OBJECTIVE: During propagation in the nursery, several fertigation techniques (nutrient amount and timing), rooting times and pot sizes were used to modify plant architecture. METHODS: Different levels of nutrient applications were tested by setting the fertigation composition at 700 or 1000Scm −1 electrical conductivity. Fertigation was continuous, delayed or temporary during the summer growth of Elsanta and Capri runner plants, for tray and mini-tray plant production. Early and late rooting dates were also compared. RESULTS: The experiments showed the effects of the container type (tray and mini-tray) and the nutritional level on the plant architecture and reproductive behavior, with a major control of plant growth. Rooting time and fertigation timing also had some effects on plant architecture. CONCLUSIONS: Propagation and fertigation techniques can become effective strategies for manipulating the architecture and the reproductive behavior of the plant. However, the interaction between many growing factors and plant growth may reduce the predictability of the effects.