Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of magnetic storms by nonlinear models

The strong correlation between magnetic storms and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is well known from linear prediction filter studies using the Dst and IMF data. However, the linear filters change significantly from one storm to another and thus are limited in their predicting ability. Previous studies have indicated nonlinearity in the magnetospheric re- sponse as the ring current decay rate varies with the Dst value during storms. We present in this letter non- linear models for the evolution of the Dst based on the OMNI database for 1964-1990. When solar wind data are available in advance, the evolution of storms can be predicted from the Dst and IMF data. Solar wind data, however, are not available most of the time or are avail- able typically an hour or less in advance. Therefore, we have developed nonlinear predictive models based on the Dst data alone. In the absence of solar wind data, these models cannot predict the storm onset, but can predict the storm evolution, and may identify intense storms from moderate ones. The input-output model based on IMF and Dst data, the autonomous model based on Dst alone, and a combination of the two can be used as forecasting tools for space weather.
Treating moderate to severe psoriasis – best use of biologics

This review focuses on the efficacy, safety and best use of biologic agents in moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Recommendations from two recent guidelines are summarised. The NICE Guidelines 2012 provide recommendations on best practice for prescribing biologics. The German S3 Guidelines are based on a systematic review of published studies and report the efficacy of biologics and guidelines for treatment. Data on the safety of biologics are available for up to 5 years in psoriasis and are on the whole reassuring. Registry data is evolving and will provide data on safety to help inform long-term monitoring of patients with psoriasis on biologics agents. New anti-interleukin-17 (IL17) and anti-IL17RA biologics are in Phase 3 clinical trials and may prove to be more effective than existing biologics.
Short Note Odor Identification by Name and by Edibility: Life-Span Development and Safety

The study explored how subjects from childhood (8–14 years old) to elderly adulthood could identify the odors of 17 everyday products. Performance at naming followed an inverted U-shaped course over age, best in young adults and poorest in children and elderly. A discrimination task given to the adults revealed parallel age-related declines in ability to name and to discriminate odors. Correct identification by edibility exceeded that by name considerably. For dangerous household products, children achieved only 15% correct naming but 79% correct edibility/inedibility. Scenting of dangerous household products, however, may compromise the discriminability of these products from less harmful ones. "Fresh" -scented hypochlorite bleach yielded significantly more errors regarding its possible causticity than did unscented bleach. Such modifications of products would seem to necessitate other compensatory changes to enhance discriminability and thereby maintain safety.
Learn to Adapt for Generalized Zero-Shot Text Classification

Generalized zero-shot text classification aims to classify textual instances from both previously seen classes and incrementally emerging unseen classes. Most existing methods generalize poorly since the learned parameters are only optimal for seen classes rather than for both classes, and the parameters keep stationary in predicting procedures. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Learn to Adapt (LTA) network using a variant meta-learning framework. Specifically, LTA trains an adaptive classifier by using both seen and virtual unseen classes to simulate a generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) scenario in accordance with the test time, and simultaneously learns to calibrate the class prototypes and sample representations to make the learned parameters adaptive to incoming unseen classes. We claim that the proposed model is capable of representing all prototypes and samples from both classes to a more consistent distribution in a global space. Extensive experiments on five text classification datasets show that our model outperforms several competitive previous approaches by large margins. The code and the whole datasets are available at https://github.com/Quareia/LTA.
Aldehyde Sources, Metabolism, Molecular Toxicity Mechanisms, and Possible Effects on Human Health

Aldehydes are organic compounds that are widespread in nature. They can be formed endogenously by lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbohydrate or metabolism ascorbate autoxidation, amine oxidases, cytochrome P-450s, or myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolic activation. This review compares the reactivity of many aldehydes towards biomolecules particularly macromolecules. Furthermore, it includes not only aldehydes of environmental or occupational concerns but also dietary aldehydes and aldehydes formed endogenously by intermediary metabolism. Drugs that are aldehydes or form reactive aldehyde metabolites that cause side-effect toxicity are also included. The effects of these aldehydes on biological function, their contribution to human diseases, and the role of nucleic acid and protein carbonylation/oxidation in mutagenicity and cytotoxicity mechanisms, respectively, as well as carbonyl signal transduction and gene expression, are reviewed. Aldehyde metabolic activation and detoxication by metabolizing enzymes are also reviewed, as well as the toxicological and anticancer therapeutic effects of metabolizing enzyme inhibitors. The human health risks from clinical and animal research studies are reviewed, including aldehydes as haptens in allergenic hypersensitivity diseases, respiratory allergies, and idiosyncratic drug toxicity; the potential carcinogenic risks of the carbonyl body burden; and the toxic effects of aldehydes in liver disease, embryo toxicity/teratogenicity, diabetes/hypertension, sclerosing peritonitis, cerebral ischemia/neurodegenerative diseases, and other aging-associated diseases.
Structure‐based subsite specificity mapping of human cathepsin D using statine‐based inhibitors

Human cathepsin D is a lysosomal aspartic protease that has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis and Alzheimer's disease. Based on a crystal structure of a human cathepsin D‐pepstatin A complex, a series of statine‐containing inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and tested for inhibitory activity toward the enzyme in vitro. The compounds were modified systematically at individual positions (P4, P3, P2, P1, and P'2) with the aim of mapping the cathepsin D subsite preferences. The experimentally obtained SAR data were correlated on the basis of molecular modeling. Side‐chain preferences for the peptidomimetic inhibitors differed from those found previously using peptide substrates (Scarborough PE et al., 1993, Protein Sci 2:264‐276). In addition, the effects of single side‐chain modifications were often nonadditive. Structure‐activity relationships, modeling, and thermodynamic analysis indicated that entropy plays a major stabilizing role in inhibitor binding to cathepsin D.
Subcutaneous Tunnelling of Epidural Catheters for Postoperative Analgesia to Prevent Accidental Dislodgement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The use of subcutaneous tunnelling to prevent movement of epidural catheters was examined in a prospective controlled trial. There were 113 patients in the standard group and 100 in the tunnelled group. The groups were similar with respect to age, sex and weight. There were 176 thoracic catheters, and 37 lumbar catheters. Mean duration of catheterization in the tunnelled group was 3.5±1.3 days and in the standard group, 3.1±1.5 days. In total, 60 catheters moved significantly from their initial position: 17 (28%) moved inwards and 43 (72%) moved outwards. 159 catheters were still functioning at the time of their removal, 76 standard and 83 tunnelled. This represents 67 and 83% of the two groups respectively. Subcutaneous tunnelling was shown to prevent clinically significant inwards (P=0.043) and outwards (P=0.0005) movement of epidural catheters and is more likely to result in a functional epidural blockade at the time of catheter removal (P=0.0084).
Developmental abnormalities in striatum in young bipolar patients: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES Anatomical abnormalities in the basal ganglia of adult mood disorder patients have been reported. To investigate whether these abnormalities are present early in illness course, we compared the volume of striatal structures in young bipolar patients and healthy controls. METHODS Brain magnetic resonance images of 15 children and adolescents who met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorders and 21 healthy controls were obtained. Measurements were performed manually, by trained evaluators, who were blind to subjects' diagnosis. The volumes of caudate and putamen were compared in patients and controls. RESULTS The volumes of striatal structures were not significantly different in patients and controls (ANCOVA, p > 0.05). However, we found a significant inverse relationship between age and the volumes of left caudate (r = -0.72, p < 0.01), right caudate (r = -0.66, p = 0.02) and left putamen (r = -0.71, p = 0.01) in bipolar patients, not present in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in striatal development may be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
Geometric Considerations About Seemingly Wrong Tilt of Crescent Moon

The following phenomenon is well-known and again and again appears as an unanswered question in literature and on internet platforms: If you see moon and sun in the sky at the same time, then the (bisector of the) crescent moon in most cases does not seem to be precisely directed at the sun. Particularly at sunset, when you would expect the bisector of the crescent moon to be horizontal, it mostly points upwards. To “prove” that, photos that seem to support this view are displayed. In this paper it is shown by means of geometry what the “wrong moon tilt” is all about and that an explanation is to be found in the nature of central or normal projections (photography is basically a central projection, at an extremely long focal length it is approximately a normal projection). The paper also deals with the reason why the seemingly wrong tilt is subjectively felt. The path of the light from the sun to the moon is in any case displayed straight (apart from minor deviations due to refraction close to the horizon), except one takes photos with a fish-eye lens.
Homicide-Suicide in Durban, South Africa

This study investigated homicide-suicide in Durban, South Africa, for the years 2000 to 2001. The incidence was 0.89 per 100,000, higher than the international average. A majority of perpetrators (91%) and victims (87%) were Black African, proportional to their representation in the population. Perpetrators were typically men (in 95% of cases), older than, and intimate partners (in 75% of cases) of the female victims (in 100% of cases). Average ages of perpetrators and victims were 32 and 27, respectively. The security sector was overrepresented as an employment category for perpetrators. A firearm was used in 87% of the homicides and 80% of the suicides. The individuals involved in homicide-suicides in Durban are similar to homicide-suicide perpetrators and victims in industrialized countries. The fact that homicide-suicides in South Africa, as in most countries, involve almost exclusively men killing female intimates confirms the importance of examining and challenging social norms enabling male violence against women.
Inter-annotator agreement is not the ceiling of machine learning performance: Evidence from a comprehensive set of simulations

It is commonly claimed that inter-annotator agreement (IAA) is the ceiling of machine learning (ML) performance, i.e., that the agreement between an ML system’s predictions and an annotator can not be higher than the agreement between two annotators. Although Boguslav & Cohen (2017) showed that this claim is falsified by many real-world ML systems, the claim has persisted. As a complement to this real-world evidence, we conducted a comprehensive set of simulations, and show that an ML model can beat IAA even if (and especially if) annotators are noisy and differ in their underlying classification functions, as long as the ML model is reasonably well-specified. Although the latter condition has long been elusive, leading ML models to underperform IAA, we anticipate that this condition will be increasingly met in the era of big data and deep learning. Our work has implications for (1) maximizing the value of machine learning, (2) adherence to ethical standards in computing, and (3) economical use of annotated resources, which is paramount in settings where annotation is especially expensive, like biomedical natural language processing.
Pro- and antifibrinolytic properties of human pulmonary microvascular versus artery endothelial cells: Impact of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-&agr;

ObjectiveMicrovascular thrombosis is a common feature of acute inflammatory lung injury, as occurs in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the underlying pathomechanisms are presently not fully understood. DesignExperimental. SettingUniversity laboratory. SubjectsLung endothelial cells. InterventionsWe characterized the expression of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (t-PA and u-PA) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and PAI-2 in human endothelial cells (EC) from the microvascular pulmonary circulation (HMVEC-L) and compared it with that of EC from pulmonary artery (HPAEC) and umbilical vein (HUVEC) under baseline conditions and upon stimulation with either tumor necrosis factor-&agr; or lipopolysaccharide. Measurements and Main ResultsReal-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed for quantification of messenger RNA and protein concentrations. Under baseline conditions, comparable PAI-1 expression was noted in all EC. HPAEC were characterized by significantly higher baseline expression of t-PA and PAI-2 compared with HUVEC and HMVEC-L. In contrast, u-PA messenger RNA concentrations were found to be significantly higher in nonstimulated HMVEC-L compared with HUVEC and HPAEC. In all EC, stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of PAI-1, PAI-2, and u-PA and decreased t-PA expression. The changes in messenger RNA content were reflected by corresponding changes in the protein concentrations. ConclusionsHigh baseline u-PA expression is a prominent feature of human lung microvascular EC, whereas pulmonary artery EC are characterized by high t-PA concentrations. Microbial and inflammatory challenge provokes up-regulation of PAI-1 and PAI-2 and down-regulation of t-PA in both macro- and microvascular pulmonary EC, which may favor local fibrin deposition.
Combining Extraction and Generation for Constructing Belief-Consequence Causal Links

In this paper, we introduce and justify a new task—causal link extraction based on beliefs—and do a qualitative analysis of the ability of a large language model—InstructGPT-3—to generate implicit consequences of beliefs. With the language model-generated consequences being promising, but not consistent, we propose directions of future work, including data collection, explicit consequence extraction using rule-based and language modeling-based approaches, and using explicitly stated consequences of beliefs to fine-tune or prompt the language model to produce outputs suitable for the task.
SIROLIMUS ALLOWS EARLY CYCLOSPORINE WITHDRAWAL IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION RESULTING IN IMPROVED RENAL FUNCTION AND LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE1,2,10

Introduction. This study evaluated whether cyclosporine (CsA) could be eliminated from a sirolimus (Rapamune, rapamycin, SRL)-CsA-steroid (ST) regimen at 3 months. Methods. This was an open-label study conducted in Europe, Australia, and Canada. Upon enrollment, 525 primary (90%) or secondary (10%) renal allograft recipients with cadaveric (89%) or living (11%) donors received 2 mg of sirolimus (troughs>5 ng/ml), CsA, and steroids. At 3 months±2 weeks, eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to remain on SRL-CsA-ST or to have CsA withdrawn and therapy continued with SRL (troughs 20–30 ng/ml)-ST. Results. At 12 months, overall graft and patient survival were 89.1% and 94.9%, respectively. In the 430 (82%) randomized patients, there was no difference in graft survival (95.8% vs. 97.2%, SRL-CsA-ST vs. SRL-ST) or patient survival (97.2% vs. 98.1%, respectively). The incidence of biopsy-confirmed primary acute rejection was 13.1% during the prerandomization period. After randomization, the acute rejection rates were 4.2% and 9.8% for SRL-CsA-ST and SRL-ST, respectively (P =0.035). Renal function (calculated glomerular filtration rate, 57 vs. 63 ml/min, P <0.001) and blood pressure significantly improved when CsA was withdrawn. Hypertension, CsA nephrotoxicity, hyperuricemia, and Herpes zoster occurred statistically more frequently in patients remaining on CsA, whereas thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function tests, and hypokalemia were reported more often for SRL-ST therapy. Conclusion. Sirolimus, CsA, and steroids for 3 months posttransplant, followed by elimination of CsA, is a safe and effective alternative to continuous therapy with sirolimus, CsA, and steroids that can result in better renal function and lower blood pressure.
Association between extracellular water, left ventricular mass and hypertension in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are present in the majority of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). These two pathologies persist after dialysis onset, and pharmacological therapy is often required for adequate control of blood pressure (BP). Although fluid overload is a determinant of hypertension, clinical assessment of this parameter remains difficult and unsatisfactory. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) spectroscopy and the relative determination of extracellular water (ECW%) may provide a simple and inexpensive tool for investigating fluid overload. We studied 110 patients on thrice-weekly HD to determine whether ECW body content correlates with hypertension and LVH in this patient population. METHODS Hypertension was determined according to the WHO criteria (office BP >/= 140/90 and/or the use of antihypertensive therapy). Twenty-four hour BP monitoring and echocardiography were performed on midweek inter-HD days. Blood chemistries, dialysis dose (spKt/V) and bioimpedance were analysed on midweek HD days. RESULTS Hypertension was present in 74.5% of patients. There were no differences for age, spKt/V, haemoglobin, serum creatinine and residual renal function between normotensive and hypertensive patients. Twenty-four hour systolic BP (SBP), 24 h diastolic BP and 24 h pulse pressure were higher in hypertensive patients, in spite of antihypertensive therapy. LVH was present in 61.8% of patients. BIA revealed that ECW% was increased in LVH+ patients (LVH+ = 47.5 +/- 7.9%, LVH- = 42.4 +/- 6.2%, P = 0.01) and in hypertensive patients compared with normotensives (46.5 +/- 7.7% vs 43 +/- 7.2%, P = 0.02). Dry body weights and inter-HD body weight increases did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive patients nor between patients with or without LVH. ECW was correlated with SBP (r = 0.35, P < 0.01) and with left ventricular mass index (LVMi(g/sqm)) (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). A stepwise multiple linear regression model revealed that LVMi(g/sqm) was significantly correlated with ECW%, SBP and male gender (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LVH and hypertension are present in a majority of HD patients and they are closely correlated with one another. We found associations between fluid load, measured by BIA and expressed as ECW, and BP and LVM.
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Complicating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized biologically by producing multiple autoantibodies, the most characteristics are directed against some kernel components such as deoxyribonucleic acid and native nucleosomes. Neurological manifestations are frequent and polymorphous. They are dominated by central attacks, while peripheral attacks are rarer. We report the case of LS, 34 years old, female, Senegalese, divorced, and followed for years for a SLE, living in Dakar, hospitalized in October 2016 at the Neurological Clinic of FANN National Teaching Hospital, Dakar-Senegal for a demyelinating polyneuropathy complicating Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An electro neuro myogram showed elongation of distal latencies in the lower limbs, lengthening of F waves in the lower limbs, and decreased conduction velocity in the lower limbs. The search for native anti-DNA antibodies was positive. The outcome was fatal with one death on day 41 of his hospitalization.
Prevalence of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli Producing Inhibitor-Resistant β-Lactamases at a University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, over a 3-Year Period

ABSTRACT About 7% of 7,252 nonduplicated clinical Escherichia coli strains from a Spanish hospital showed reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Of these, 0.37% produced the IRTs TEM-30, TEM-31, TEM-33, TEM-34, TEM-37, TEM-40, TEM-51, and TEM-54; 5.3% were probable class C β-lactamase overproducers; 0.8% were probable TEM-1 hyperproducers; 0.18% produced OXA-30; 0.15% overexpressed SHV-1; and 0.03% produced a PSE-1 enzyme.
Preliminary validation of the Portuguese Edinburgh Handedness Inventory in an adult sample

ABSTRACT The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) is persistently the most used inventory to evaluate handedness, being neuropsychological investigation and clinical practice. Despite this, there is no information on how this instrument functions in a Portuguese population. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the sociodemographic influences on handedness and establish psychometric properties of the EHI in a Portuguese sample. The sample consisted of 342 adults (157 men and 185 women), assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests. The mean EHI Laterality Quotient was 63.52 (SD = 38.00). A much high percentage of ambiguous-handedness compared to left-handedness was detected. An inconsistency was found between the preference for formal education activities (writing-drawing-using scissors) and the remaining EHI activities. From sociodemographic variables, only age, area, and regions of residence showed significant influence on EHI scores. The reliability and temporal reliability of EHI were adequate. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a one-factor model (χ2/df = 2.141; TLI = 0.972; CFI = 0.979; RMSEA = 0.058). The inconsistency between formal education and nonformal activities could be an indicator of social pressure. The present data give support for the notion that handedness measured by EHI is potentially sensitive to sociodemographic and cultural influences.