Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate response to tropospheric absorbing aerosols in an intermediate general‐circulation model

This study uses idealized aerosol distributions with the Reading Intermediate General‐Circulation Model (IGCM) to assess and explain the climate response in that model to absorbing tropospheric aerosol. We find that the sign of the direct aerosol radiative forcing is not a good indication of the sign of the resulting global and annual mean surface temperature change. The climate sensitivity parameter for aerosols which absorb some solar radiation is much larger than that for CO2 or solar experiments with the same model.
Blowing snow-sourced bromine and its implications for polar tropospheric ozone

Abstract. In the last two decades, significant depletion of boundary layer ozone (ozone depletion events, ODEs) has been observed in both Arctic and Antarctic spring. ODEs are attributed to catalytic destruction by bromine radicals (Br plus BrO), especially during bromine explosion events (BEs), when high concentrations of BrO periodically occur. However, neither the exact source of bromine nor the mechanism for sustaining the observed high BrO concentrations is completely understood. Here, by considering the production of sea salt aerosol from snow lying on sea ice during blowing snow events and the subsequent release of bromine, we successfully simulate the BEs using a global chemistry transport model. We find that heterogeneous reactions play an important role in sustaining a high fraction of the total inorganic bromine as BrO. We also find that emissions of bromine associated with blowing snow contribute significantly to BrO at mid-latitudes. Modeled tropospheric BrO columns generally compare well with the tropospheric BrO columns retrieved from the GOME satellite instrument (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment). The additional blowing snow bromine source, identified here, reduces modeled high latitude lower tropospheric ozone amounts by up to an average 8% in polar spring.
Effects of Photomixotrophic Conditions on Plants of Eucalyptus Urograndis Propagated in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

Eucalyptus is one of the crop, which has been investigated with commercial purposes in the world. There are more than 500 species, being the Eucalyptus urograndis one of the most important, because of its intensive use in the production of wood pulp to make papers. The multiplication by means of temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) is among the present techniques to obtain higher productions of the pulp to satisfy the demands of the market. The effects of the photomixotrophic crop were studies during the elongation of the propagation of shoots in the TIB in order to increase the quality of them. This process consisted of the use of 30 g L-1 combined with two concentration of CO2 (350 and 1200 µmol mol) and two flows of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF= 80 and 250 µmol m-2s-1). The higher percentage of suitable plants were found with the treatment of high PPF (250 µmol m-2 s-1) and 1 200 µmol mol of CO2. The photosynthetic capacity of propagated shoots was of 64% of the adult plants. Also was observed that photomixotrophic conditions reduced the stressed environment that is imposed by the growing in vitro. The catabolic activity in the enzymes of the metabolism of carbon was also reduced, increasing the activity of the Sucrose Phosphate Synthase.
Angel investors’ predictive and control funding criteria

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the question involving what factors affect angel investors’ decision-making in funding new start-ups with specific reference to their evolving business models. Without funding and access to networks and experience, certain entrepreneurs will not get their business model through the start-up phase.Design/methodology/approachData arise from 20 semi-structured interviews with angel investors in New Zealand plus supplementary interviews with business incubator managers and textual data.FindingsThe findings suggest a degree of causation-based decision-making, in that certain linear thinking was evident. The implication is that, without the ability of the entrepreneurs to convince the investors about key criteria in their decision-making, investment is unlikely. Nevertheless, a degree of effectuation-based decision-making was also evident, the implication being investors having to balance risk/reward decisions in the context of their own perceptions of affordable losses against an evolving business model. However, angel investors may take on co-investment, including from overseas, that takes decision-making away from management teams.Originality/valueThe study draws attention to the need to consider entrepreneurial ecosystems in angel investor’s decision-making and especially those with a small domestic market that may require management teams to look for scalability internationally. Furthermore, an effectuation lens contributes to knowledge in respect of predictive and control criteria, in particular, assessing risks and rewards against affordable losses involving an evolving business model.
Arithmetical extensions of relational systems

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Nonlinear scattering terms in a seismic context

The scattering theory can be used as a powerful theoretic approach to understand and process seismic data. Exploring inverse scattering series, which have been used to remove multiples from seismic data, depends on understanding how these series generate primaries and multiples. We are engaged in a study of time lapse seismic problem in the context of scattering theory. To begin this project, we here review the key theoretical antecedent of our near term project, the work of Matson (1996). Analytical calculation of the Born series shows that the higher order terms in the series alter the amplitude and adjust the velocity of the scattered wavefield as well as describe internal multiple reflections. Primary reflections are described by all of the terms in the series whereas a multiple which contains n reflections is described by then th and all higher order terms.
Intra-urban patterns of creative industries in polycentric city

Abstract The principal objective of this paper is to evaluate the spatial patterns of creative industries in a micro-geographic perspective. As the creative industries represent a highly heterogeneous complex, only selected creative industries were studied (culture, marketing and advertising, printing, publishing, architecture). The polycentric industrial city of Ostrava was chosen as the surveyed area. Various spatial statistical methods (e.g. nearest neighbour analysis, kernel density estimation) were applied for the needs of assessment. The results show that spatial patterns of creative industries at intra-urban level do not vary significantly from their counterparts in Western Europe. Despite the fact that Ostrava is highly industrialized polycentric city with relatively weak position of the city centre, creative industries are highly concentrated into the historical city centre and the inner city.
Productivity Evaluation of Taiwanese Semiconductor Companies Using a Three-stage Malmquist DEA Approach

In this paper, we evaluate the productivity performance of Taiwanese semiconductor companies using a three-stage Malmquist DEA panel model to account for external environmental effects on firms' managerial performance over time. The empirical results have shown that the effects of external environments on firm's efficiency performance are significant. Based on the empirical results of the proposed panel model with the adjusted inputs, in general we conclude that the semiconductor industry in Taiwan has enjoyed efficiency improvement, technical progress and productivity growth in 2002-2007. However, we also find that without considering the effects of the environmental factors, the evaluation of firms' changes in productivity and technology will be overestimated for the semiconductor industry, whereas the efficiency improvement will be mostly underestimated.
Measuring Household Usage of Financial Services: Does it Matter How or Whom You Ask?

In recent years, the number of surveys of access to and use of financial services has multiplied, but little is known about whether the data generated are comparable across countries, or within the same country over time. This paper reports results from a randomized experiment in Ghana to test whether the identity of the respondent and the inclusion of product-specific cues in questions affect the reported rates of household usage of financial services. The analysis shows that rates of household usage are almost identical when the head reports on behalf of the household and when the rate is tabulated from a full enumeration of household use. Randomly selected informants (i.e., non-heads of the household) provide a less complete summary of household use of financial services than the other two methods. The findings also show that for credit from formal institutions, informal sources of savings, and insurance, usage rates are higher when questions are asked about specific financial products rather than about the respondents dealings with types of financial institutions. In short, who is asked the questions and the form in which they are asked both matter.
Development of a procedure to compare kinematics of human body models for pedestrian simulations

As Human Body Models are gaining increasingly relevance for the purpose of rating safety performance, it is essential that they behave consistently. Therefore, an objective method to compare human body models is needed. In this study a procedure to compare objectively human body kinematics was developed. Representative generic vehicle models were developed to simulate relevant pedestrian impacts. In a sensitivity study key boundary conditions influencing the head trajectory and contact time ‐ such as the initial posture of the human body model or contact settings‐ were determined. Based on that findings a standardised procedure was developed and applied by propelling four generic vehicles at three impact velocities (30, 40 and 50 km/h) against two human body models (THUMS AM50 v4.02 and GHBMC M50 PS v1.4) in LS‐Dyna. Trajectories of selected bony landmarks, head contact time and contact forces between the vehicle and the human body model were compared. Applying the developed procedure, the two human body models showed very comparable results in terms of trajectories and contact forces which gives the authors confidence in the robustness of the procedure developed and the models used.
Temporal Dynamics of Emotion Regulation A fMRI study of neural activity and functional connectivity

Author: Haakon Gabrielsen Engen Supervisor: Tor Endestad Title: Temporal dynamics of Emotion Regulation. A fMRI study of neural activity and functional connectivity Emotion regulation strategies are thought to have differential impact on emotional experience as a consequence of when and how they interact with the emotion-generative process. These differences are thought to be reflected in the dynamics of the neural systems underlying emotion generation and emotion regulation. However, few studies of neural activity have hitherto been undertaken directly contrasting different emotion regulations strategies, and none have investigated the temporal dynamics of connectivity in emotion regulation. Therefore, the current study investigated the temporal dynamics of neural activity and functional connectivity during performance of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. These strategies are thought to differ in when in the emotion generative process they are active. These differences are hypothezised be reflected in different temporal signatures and neural substrates. To investigate this 39 subjects of both genders underwent fMRI scanning while regulating their emotional response to 15 second disgust-inducing film clips using these strategies. Contrary to earlier findings, the current study found suppressionand reappraisal-related activity in both Early (0-5) and Late (10-15) periods of the film. The results concur with previous studies in indicating that Reappraisal is subserved by two distinct top-down appraisal systems, that affect the both perceptual and affective bottom-up appraisal systems. Suppression in turn was indicated to be two distinct networks, one motor control network and one conflict monitoring network hypothezised to be involved in mediating the conflict between the inhibitory motor control and prepotent emotional response patterns. The temporal dynamics and connectivity patterns were interpreted as supportive of this hypothesis. Further evidence was found that both of these strategies are characterized by activity in a region of the brain implicated in emotion-related control in a wide variety of studies. This is interpreted as evidence for the existence of a core emotion regulation network centred on the Inferior Frontal Gyrus, that affords emotionrelated regulation through the setting of reference states for other, task-specific, control networks.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YAŞAM BOYU ÖĞRENME EĞİLİMLERİ

Bu arastirmanin amaci, egitim fakultesi ogrencilerinin yasam boyu ogrenme egilimlerinin belirlenmesi ve yasam boyu ogrenme egilimlerinin cesitli degiskenlere gore karsilastirilmasidir. Bu arastirma anlik tarama modelindedir. Arastirmanin evrenini, 2017-2018 egitim ogretim yilinda, Firat Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi bunyesinde bulunan yedi bolumunun birinci, ikinci, ucuncu ve dorduncu siniflarinda ogrenim goren toplam 1740 ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Orneklemini ise, her bolumden basit tesadufi ornekleme yolu ile belirlenen toplam 1205 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak, Diker Coskun ve Demirel (2009) tarafindan gelistirilen “Universite ogrencilerinin yasam boyu ogrenme egilimleri (YBOEO)” adli olcek kullanilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan ogrencilerin; Gudulenme, m erak yoksunlugu alt boyutlarinda yasam boyu ogrenme egilimlerinin cok az uyuyor duzeyinde oldugu ortaya cikmistir. Bu bulguya gore ogrencilerin bu alt boyutlardaki yasam boyu ogrenme egilimlerinin dusuk oldugu soylenebilir. S ebat, ogrenmeyi duzenlemede yoksunluk ve olcegin tamaminda kismen uyuyor duzeyinde oldugu saptanmistir. Bu bulguya gore de ogrencilerin bu alt boyutlardaki yasam boyu ogrenme egilimlerinin yuksek oldugu soylenebilir.
A statistical approach to comparing the results from different aerobiological stations

The recent increase in the number of aerobiological stations means that it is possible to make comparative studies, not only to ascertain similarities and differences between pollen counts in different places, but also to ascertain the most suitable places for them to be situated and the most adequate distance which should be established between them. To this end, we present a statistical comparison of the results obtained for the pollen of the ten most abundant taxa, as recorded in the sampling stations of Malaga and Estepona (South of Spain) during 1995-97. The stations are 90km apart. The variables compared were the following: mean daily concentrations (for each year and the total period studied), the mean concentration of the three years for the same date (trend) and the deviation from this mean (for each year and taken as a whole). The interannual differences within and between stations were taken into account as regards the association, concentration and distribution of the variables. The results of the tests applied point that significant differences between the two stations were observed for most of the pollen types studied. Despite of this, a positive and significant correlation exists between the mean daily concentrations of the different taxa at the two stations, which is an important finding if we consider the possibility of making reliable predictions for one sampling site based on the data obtained at the other.
Growth of maize seedlings affected by different concentrations of heavy metals

L. cv. ‘Krasnodarskij 167’) seedlings was examined. Seedling growthwas tested under physiological and sublethal doses of HM, including Pb,Cu, Ni and Zn. Physiological 10–100 mM doses stimulated the growth ofyoung plants, while 1–5 µM induced suppression of growth processes andbiomass accumulation (especially for roots) as well as reduction of leafarea and water disbalance. The extent of such effect depended on thechemical nature and concentration of a heavy metal.
Marital adjustment: The predictive role of spiritual intelegence and coping strategies

Aims: Marital adjustment represents the strenght and efficiency of the family system. The family health depends on the existence of healthy and mature communications of couples; and if the family foundation is not strong enough, its outcome will be some kind of physical and mental problems. This study objective is to determine the predictive role of spiritual intelligence and coping strategies in marital adjustment of teachers in Gonabad city in 2012-2013. Methods:In this correltional study, 330 teachers (160 males and 170 females) were selected using Morgan table through stratified sampling. They completed the spiritual intelligence, coping strategies, and marital adjustment questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed through SPSS V.11. 5 employing Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: The resluts indicated that there was a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence, and marital adjustment (r=0.656, P=0.001), but there was no significant relationship between coping strategies and marital adjustment (P=0.58) and also between coping strategies and spiritual intelligence (P=0.074). However, there was a negative and significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and emotion oreinted syle (r=0.39, P<0.001) from among 3 coping styles of problem oriented, emotion oriented and avoidant styles. According to the results of regression analysis, only spiritual intelligence predicts marital adjustment. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is recommended that expert staff provide the younger individuals with strategies which increase spiritual intelligence including teaching the spiritual intelligence.
The role of tubulin acetylation in cardiac fibroblasts

Kardiale Fibroblasten und ihre durch kardiale Schadigung hervorgerufene Aktivierung spielen eine Schlusselrolle im Prozess des kardialen Umbaus und der Entwicklung kardialer Fibrose. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Rolle der Acetylierung von α-Tubulin in kardialen Fibroblasten mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die Bildung und Regulation von Primarzilien. Die Primarzilie ist eine aus Mikrotubuli bestehende, unbewegliche sensorische Struktur, die acetyliertes α-Tubulin enthalt. Zunachst wurde mittels Immunfluoreszenz gezeigt, dass 2D-Kulturen kardialer Fibroblasten von neonatalen Ratten (NRCF), neonatalen und adulten Mausen (NMCF, AMCF) ebenso wie 2D-Kulturen humaner ventrikularer kardialer Fibroblasten (HVCF) Primarzilien enthalten. Zusatzlich wurden zwei 3D-Modelle genutzt, um Primarzilien zu untersuchen: Engineered Connective Tissue, in dem die kardialen Fibroblasten in Kollagen I eingebettet sind, sowie Engineered Heart Muscle, welcher aus allen kardialen Zellen besteht, die ebenfalls in einer Matrix aus Kollagen I eingebettet sind. Primarzilien konnten mittels Immunfluoreszenz in Schnitten beider kunstlicher Gewebe detektiert werden. Im nachsten Schritt wurde die Regulation der Primarzilien in kardialen Fibroblasten unter Einsatz zweier Substanzen betrachtet, die nachweislich die Acetylierung von α-Tubulin erhohen: Tubastatin A (TubA) und Lithiumchlorid (LiCl). Tubastatin A ist ein spezifischer Inhibitor von HDAC6, der wichtigsten Deacetylase von α-Tubulin. Bei Lithiumchlorid handelt es sich um eine Substanz, die die α-Tubulin-Acetylierung durch einen bisher noch unvollstandig verstandenen Mechanismus erhoht, welcher wahrscheinlich die Mobilisation der α-Tubulin-N-Acetyltransferase (ATAT1) involviert, die den Transfer von Acetylgruppen auf α-Tubulin katalysiert. Beide Behandlungen (TubA, LiCl) erhohten die α-Tubulin-Acetylierung sowohl in NRCF, NMCF als auch in AMCF, wie mittels Immunoblot-Analyse gezeigt werden konnte. Des Weiteren wurde festgestellt, dass die Behandlung mit Lithiumchlorid die Lange der Primarzilien erhoht. Obwohl der genaue Mechanismus, der zu dieser Verlangerung der Primarzilien fuhrt, noch nicht geklart ist, kann es als wahrscheinlich angesehen werden, dass der Effekt durch die Inhibition der Glykogen-Synthase-Kinase 3β vermittelt wird. Wahrend pathologischer Prozesse, wie beispielsweise einem Myokardinfarkt, ist das Herz einem Sauerstoffmangel ausgesetzt. Hypoxische Bedingungen wurden erfolgreich in kardialen Fibroblasten neonataler Ratten induziert, wie die Stabilisierung des hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) zeigt. Unter den hypoxischen Bedingungen wurden die Zellen wiederum mit Tubastatin A und Lithiumchlorid behandelt, und es konnte festgestellt werden, dass Hypoxie sowohl unter Kontrollbedingungen als auch unter Lithiumchlorid-Behandlung zu einer Verlangerung der Primarzilien fuhrt. Schlieslich wurden die Auswirkungen beider Behandlungen auf die Zellproliferation von NRCF und AMCF untersucht, und es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Proliferationsfahigkeit von Zellen mit einer erhohten Acetylierung von α-Tubulin-Acetylierung eingeschrankt war.
Credit Default Swap Spreads as Viable Substitutes for Credit Ratings

We evaluate the viability of credit default swaps (CDS) spreads as substitutes for credit ratings. We focus on CDS spreads based on the obligations of financial institutions, particularly fifteen large financial institutions that were prominently involved in the recent financial crisis. Our data, from 2006-09, show that CDS spreads incorporate new information about as quickly as equity prices, and significantly more quickly than credit ratings. Although CDS spreads did not identify accumulating risk exposures before 2007, they quickly reflected disclosures and developments beginning in summer 2007 at the latest. Thus, CDS spreads are a promising market-based tool for regulatory and private purposes, and they may serve as a viable substitute for credit ratings.
The Pacific–South American Modes and Tropical Convection during the Southern Hemisphere Winter

Abstract Atmospheric circulation features and convection patterns associated with two leading low-frequency modes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are examined in multiyear global reanalyses produced by NCEP–NCAR and NASA–DAO. The two leading modes, referred to as the Pacific–South American (PSA) modes, are represented by the first two EOF patterns. The two patterns are in quadrature with each other and are dominated by wavenumber 3 in midlatitudes with large amplitudes in the Pacific–South American sector. In the Pacific, anomalies in the subtropics and in the midlatitudes are opposite in phase. Taken together, the two PSA modes represent the intraseasonal oscillation in the SH with periods of roughly 40 days. The evolution of the PSA modes shows a coherent eastward propagation. A composite analysis was conducted to study the evolution of tropical convection and the corresponding circulation changes associated with the PSA modes. Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomaly composites during the mature phase.