Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Ensemble Intrusion Detection Technique Based on Proposed Statistical Flow Features for Protecting Network Traffic of Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) plays an increasingly significant role in our daily activities, connecting physical objects around us into digital services. In other words, IoT is the driving force behind home automation, smart cities, modern health systems, and advanced manufacturing. This also increases the likelihood of cyber threats against IoT devices and services. Attackers may attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in application protocols, including Domain Name System (DNS), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) that interact directly with backend database systems and client–server applications to store data of IoT services. Successful exploitation of one or more of these protocols can result in data leakage and security breaches. In this paper, an ensemble intrusion detection technique is proposed to mitigate malicious events, in particular botnet attacks against DNS, HTTP, and MQTT protocols utilized in IoT networks. New statistical flow features are generated from the protocols based on an analysis of their potential properties. Then, an AdaBoost ensemble learning method is developed using three machine learning techniques, namely decision tree, Naive Bayes (NB), and artificial neural network, to evaluate the effect of these features and detect malicious events effectively. The UNSW-NB15 and NIMS botnet datasets with simulated IoT sensors’ data are used to extract the proposed features and evaluate the ensemble technique. The experimental results show that the proposed features have the potential characteristics of normal and malicious activity using the correntropy and correlation coefficient measures. Moreover, the proposed ensemble technique provides a higher detection rate and a lower false positive rate compared with each classification technique included in the framework and three other state-of-the-art techniques.
Structure and function of the b/HLH/Z domain of USF

The basic/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (b/HLH/Z) transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor (USF) and its isolated DNA binding domain undergo a random coil to alpha-helix folding transition on recognizing their cognate DNA. The USF b/HLH cocrystal structure resembles the structure of the b/HLH/Z domain of the homologous protein Max and reveals (i) that the truncated, b/HLH DNA binding domain homodimerizes, forming a parallel, left-handed four-helix bundle, and (ii) that the basic region becomes alpha-helical on binding to the major groove of the DNA sequence CACGTG. Hydrodynamic measurements show that the b/HLH/Z DNA binding domain of USF exists as a bivalent homotetramer. This tetramer forms at the USF physiological intranuclear concentration, and depends on the integrity of the leucine zipper motif. The ability to bind simultaneously to two independent sites suggests a role in DNA looping for the b/HLH/Z and Myc-related families of eukaryotic transcription factors.
A Review of Sensor Technologies for Perception in Automated Driving

After more than 20 years of research, ADAS are common in modern vehicles available in the market. Automated Driving systems, still in research phase and limited in their capabilities, are starting early commercial tests in public roads. These systems rely on the information provided by on-board sensors, which allow to describe the state of the vehicle, its environment and other actors. Selection and arrangement of sensors represent a key factor in the design of the system. This survey reviews existing, novel and upcoming sensor technologies, applied to common perception tasks for ADAS and Automated Driving. They are put in context making a historical review of the most relevant demonstrations on Automated Driving, focused on their sensing setup. Finally, the article presents a snapshot of the future challenges for sensing technologies and perception, finishing with an overview of the commercial initiatives and manufacturers alliances that will show the intention of the market in sensors technologies for Automated Vehicles.
Kendali Proses Deodorisasi Dalam Permurnian Minyak Sawit Merah Skala Pilot Plant

Deacidification is one of the steps in palm oil refining process which aims to separate free fatty acids formed during post-harvest handling. It is carried out using alkali solution such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide). Carotenoids in palm oil are affected by this step. Therefore, deacidification has to be controlled to minimize the destruction of carotenoids during processing. The objective of this research was to improve deacidification process in pilot plant scale so that the process can produce lower level of free fatty acids (FFA) and higher recovery of carotene in high yield neutralized red palm oil (NRPO). Characterization of physical and chemical properties of crude palm oil (CPO) such as moisture content, FFA and carotene contents, saponification number, iodine value, peroxide value, and color were determined before processing. Degumming was performed before deacidification process. The 17.5% excess of NaOH was obtained from the pilot plant scale deacidification trial. The optimization of deacidification time and temperature was carried out by using central composite design (CCD). Response surface method (RSM) was used to observe the influence of treatments on the FFA level reduction, carotene recovery, and NRPO yield. The result showed that the optimum deacidification condition was at 61 ± 2°C in 26 minutes, and at the 16°Be NaOH strength with 17.5% excess of NaOH. In this optimum condition, the process achieved 96.35% of FFA reduction, 87.30% of carotene recovery, and 90.16% of NRPO yield.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Diffusion Behavior of CH4, CO2, and N2 in Mid-Rank Coal Vitrinite

The diffusion characteristics of CH4, CO2, and N2 in coal are important for the study of CO2-enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery, which has become the most potential method for carbon sequestration and natural gas recovery. However, quantitative research on the diffusion characteristics of CH4 and the invasive gases (CO2 and N2) in coal, especially those in micropores, still faces enormous challenges. In this paper, the self-, Maxwell’s, and transport diffusions of CO2, CH4, and N2 in mid-rank coal vitrinite (MRCV) macromolecules were simulated based on the molecular dynamics method. The effects of the gas concentration, temperature, and pressure on the diffusion coefficients were examined via the comparison of various ranks. The results indicated that the diffusion coefficients have the order of D(N2) > D(CO2) > D(CH4) in their saturated adsorption states. However, when MRCV adsorbed the same amounts of CH4, CO2, and N2, the self- and transport diffusion coefficients followed the order of DS(N2) > DS(CO2) > DS(CH4) and Dt(CO2) > Dt(N2) > Dt(CH4), respectively. Independent of the gas species, all these diffusion coefficients decreased with increasing gas concentration and increased with increasing temperature. In the saturated adsorption state, the diffusion activation energies of CH4, CO2, and N2 were ordered as CH4 (27.388 kJ/mol) > CO2 (11.832 kJ/mol) > N2 (10.396 kJ/mol), indicating that the diffusion processes of CO2 and N2 occur more easily than CH4. The increase of temperature was more conducive to the swelling equilibrium of coal. For the pressure dependence, the diffusion coefficients first increased until the peak pressure (3 MPa) and then decreased with increasing pressure. In contrast, the diffusion activation energy first decreased and then increased with increasing pressure, in which the peak pressure was also 3 MPa. The swelling rate changed more obviously in high-pressure conditions.
Thermodynamic Design and Performance Calculation of the Thermochemical Reformers

Thermodynamic design methods and performance calculation models for chemical reformers that can be used to recuperate exhaust heat and to improve combustion quality are investigated in this paper. The basic structure of the chemical reformer is defined as series-wound reforming units that consist of heat exchangers and cracking reactors. The CH4-steam reforming reaction is used in the chemical reformers and a universal model of this reaction is built based on the minimization of Gibbs free energy method. Comparative analyzes between the results of the calculation and a plasma-catalyzed CH4-steam reforming reaction experiment verify that this universal model is applicable and has high precision. Algorithms for simulation of series-wound reforming units are constructed and the complexity of the chemical reformers is studied. A design principle that shows the influence of structural complexity on the quantity of recovered heat and the composites of the reformed fuel can be followed for different application scenarios of chemical reformers.
Genetic Diversity of Miscanthus floridulus(Poaceae) from Guangdong by Intersimple Sequence Repeat(ISSR)

The genetic diversity of 215 individuals of Miscanthus floridulus from 13 natural populations distributed in Guangdong Province was investigated by using intersimple sequence repeat(ISSR) techniques.A total of 81 unambiguous and repetitious bands were scored by 9 primers.The results showed that the genetic diversity of M.floridulus was high,at species level,percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB) was 93.83%,Nei's gene diversity(He) for 0.3969,and Shannon's information index(Hsp) for 0.5724;while at population level,PPB=81.91%,He=0.3015 and Shannon's information index(Hpop)=0.4460. The coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations(Gst) was 0.2379,and gene flow among populations(Nm) was 1.6018. The AMOVA analysis showed that 79.56% of the total genetic variation within populations and the rest(20.44%) partitioned among populations.No significant correlation was found between geographical and genetic distance(r=-0.2811,P=0.9590).
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE ASPECT OF A SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT

Advanced technologies are entering citizens’ lives, which can be noticed at every turn. Society is becoming increasingly involved in building, creating and planning a city, district or the nearest place of residence. The quality of the functioning of the local community and the quality of life depend, to a large extent, on the level of social participation. The aim of social participation is to establish a mechanism for meeting citizens’ needs, and to achieve citizens’ acceptance of the authorities’ actions. Modern communication techniques greatly facilitate the expression of public opinion and public awareness in this regard has been on the rise. A growing number of new forms of communication using modern technologies are being developed all the time. The aim of the study is to analyse the forms of social participation in the city life, inter alia spending financial resources on its development. Attention is also drawn to the most recent ways in which the authorities communicate with the public in order for the latter to express their opinions on the former’s actions. Practical research was conducted for the city of Olsztyn located in the north-eastern part of Poland. Social activity forms were analysed, including those carried out using ICT technologies. The research shows that access to modern technologies facilitates contact between the city authorities and citizens, which ensures that the policy under implementation is kept in line with citizens’ expectations.
A Compact Pediatric Portable Pacifier to Assess Non-Nutritive Sucking of Premature Infants

In this paper, a small, compact, and intelligent pediatric portable pacifier is proposed to measure and assess Non-Nutritive Sucking (NNS) activity in premature infants. A prototype of the system is implemented on a $21\times24$ mm2 printed circuit board, which is small enough to be completely embedded on the back of all commercial pacifiers. The system portability allows it to be easily used in space-limited biomedical applications without dealing with any special electronic instruments or technical knowledge. The measured NNS data is stored on an on-board memory card in order to be analyzed by smartphones and computers. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed system is a proper tool for measuring and evaluating NNS data. The parameters extracted from the NNS signal represent crucial information on the physical growth, neural development, and integrity of the central nervous system of premature infants.
Validation of the predictive equation for spatial brightness in an experimental space

A predictive equation for spatial brightness that is more accurate and simpler than other similar equations owing to its use of the ‘arithmetic average luminance of the evaluation range’ and ‘standard deviation of the log-luminance’ to evaluate the brightness was previously proposed by Ko et al. Although this equation has proven to be highly accurate thus far, it was derived from the results of the artificial luminance distribution by screen image experiments and requires further investigation to determine its applicability in real, natural luminance distribution by lighting of spaces. Therefore, the practical usability of this equation was examined in this study by conducting an experiment in which subjects evaluated the brightnesses of real spaces with various types of lighting. Experiments were performed by adjusting the experimental box to the same brightness after the subject observed the experimental space. The high correlation between the predicted and perceived brightnesses demonstrated the value of using the equation for evaluating spatial brightness. In addition, comparison of the results obtained using the equation and previous evaluation methods with the experimental data collected in a different real indoor space confirmed that the equation has the same explanatory power as the other evaluation methods.
Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Density by Density Analyzed Coal

This work presents the effect of specific gravity of coal on its combustion characteristics. Coals with different specific gravity fractions represented by the arithmetic mean specific gravity (MSG) in the range of 1.35 to 2.0 were prepared by sink–float based density separation from run-of-mine (ROM) coal. The characterization of coal with different MSG was done using proximate, ultimate, and gross calorific value (GCV) analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG) studies of coals with different MSG were carried out in oxygen atmosphere to analyze their combustion characteristics. Various burning profile parameters (Ti, Tp, Tf, DTGmax) were assessed to identify the impacts of MSG of coals on their combustion characteristics. Further, different combustion indices (Di, Df, S, Hf) were evaluated to get the insights of combustion. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that, with an increase in coal MSG from 1.35 to 2.0, GCV decreased from 7426 to 3625 kcal/kg, Ti varied from 355 to 412 °C, Tp varied between 466 and 487 °C, and DTGmax decreased from 6.73 to 4.83 wt%/min. The result signifies that with an increase in MSG of coal, its combustion properties weaken. The activation energy for combustion varied between 93 and 119 kJ/mol. Based on the present analysis, it may be observed that lower MSG coals have enhanced combustion characteristics than higher MSG coals.
MYCORRHIZAL MICROSTRUCTURE OF DENDROBIUM OFFICINALE CULTIVATED UNDER ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS

Mycorrhizal characteristics of Dendrobium officinale were observed under microscope. The results suggested that mycorrhizal relations were established successfully between mycorrhizal fungi and plant. After the mycorrhizal fungi penetrated into velamina, the hyphae always propagated and localized in one of velamina cells. Then the hyphae invaded into cortex via exodermal passage cells. The cortex was just the active region of interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and plant. The fungi could infect most of the cortex cells, but could not infect endodermis and vascular bundle sheath, so the root could still keep vital.
Ispitivanje utjecaja promjene posla na radnu učinkovitost uzimajući u obzir prekvalifikaciju i zadovoljstvo poslom bankovnih namještenika

Original scientific paper Nowadays, optimal performance of organizations requires human resource development policies. Since human resources are considered as the most valuable factor of production, the most important capital and a major source of competitive advantage and essential competencies of organizations, the most effective means to achieve competitive advantage in the current environment is to improve efficiency of employees. Job rotation is the most important approach of job design as well as human capital development policies which has the potential to improve job satisfaction and increase capabilities in employees. Thus, present study attempts to study the effects of job rotation patterns on the performance of employees in Keshavarzi Banks of Gilan considering the skill diversity and job satisfaction and providing effective guidelines to enable managers to lead the organization toward a better future by desired policies. Statistical population consists of 218 employees from 30 branches of Keshavarzi Bank in three south, centre, east and west districts. The sample size was 137 estimated by Cochran formula. Hence, LISREL software was used to test the relationship between job rotation and performance by mediating the role of skill variation and job satisfaction by modelling structure equations. The results show that job performance is not directly influenced by job rotation. Job rotation positively influences job performance mediated by job satisfaction and skill variation.
Description of a New Species of the Genus Troglophilus Krauss, 1879 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Northern Anatolia, Turkey

In this paper a new species of cave crickets Troglophilus (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) from northern Anatolia is described as Troglophilus aspegi Taylan and Şirin sp. nov. Considering the other already recognised nine species in Anatolia, there are now total 10 species of Troglophilus that currently inhabit the caves and epigean habitats of Turkey. The new species is restricted to National Park of Kure Daglari in Bartin province and known only in one locality (Sipahiler cave). Troglophilus aspegi is morphologically distinguishable from the other nine Troglophilus species present in Turkey due to their small size, male tenth tergite, ovipositor shape, reddish-light brown body color. New species differs from the morphologically closest T. tatyanae with reddish-light brown body color, tenth tergite and epiphallus shape in male, subgenital plate shape in both sexes, length of the appendages and spinulation of the legs. On the other hand, these new data show that geographical distribution of Troglophilus is not only restricted with north eastern Anatolia but also in caves from north western section of Blacksea Region of Turkey.
Productivity and cost of CTL harvesting of Eucalyptus globulus stands using excavator-based harvesters

Time-motion studies were conducted to evaluate the productivity and cost of harvesting Eucalyptus globulus stands on flat and steep terrain, using excavator-based cut-to-length [CTL] timber harvesters. The recorded data was comprised of 11 time elements of the harvester functions, including the following: machine movement and positioning of the harvesting head; cleaning or clearing of undergrowth and obstacles to tree felling or log processing; tree felling, handling, and bucking to 2 and 4 m logs; and the bunching of merchantable logs. It was found that the duration of the time elements is influenced by terrain conditions, operational layout, tree volume and form, lengths of the trees, and the resulting log assortments. Machine movement time was significantly longer when the harvester had to prepare the trails in the harvesting process. Bunching time significantly increased with the trail spacing, which indicates the need to minimize the bunching distance in harvesting operations. Delimbing and bucking time were mainly influenced by the log yield (number of logs per tree, expressed as the ratio of the tree lengths to the resulting log lengths), and the interaction of the linear components of tree volume and tree form. Pre-felling with a chain saw improved the work efficiency on steep terrain and in coppice (multi-stem) stands, by minimizing the time for handling. Harvester productivity ranged between 5 to 14 m 3 per machine-hour (42 to 84 trees per man-hour). Harvester operation cost ranged from 4 to 13 $/m 3 , hence, it was estimated that excavator-based harvesters will operate profitably on stands with an average tree volume greater than 0.07 m 3 . For less-developed stands, it is suggested that harvesting operation should be deferred to allow for tree growth, or a whole-tree harvesting technique should be adopted to maximize wood recovery.
Test and Numerical Study on Monotonic Behavior of Complex CFT Column Joints

This paper presents a test and numerical investigation into the monotonic behavior of three different complex steel trusses to concrete-filled tubular (CFT) column joints. Based on an engineering structure, 1 : 4 reduced-scale specimens are manufactured and the three-dimensional subassembly testing system is designed to apply the monotonic load. Test phenomena and load-stress curves show that all three types of joints have a considerable load-carrying capacity and joint rigidity. Finite element (FE) analysis is adopted, and the stress distribution shows good agreement with test data. Both test and FE results show that local buckling and yielding in the root region of steel truss are the main failure modes of test joints and the core area of the CFT column remains intact which are in accordance with the design conception of “strong column and weak beam. ” Design conception of proposed overlap joint form is then investigated based on the FE model, and results show that the optimized overlap joint can effectively reduce the stress concentration in the adjacent steel tube and beam member when compared to the traditional N-type overlap joint. Finally, the influence of the outer diaphragm on the stiffness of joint is analyzed. By comparing the end-displacement of the beam member, conclusion can be obtained that the beam flange thickness is suggested to be chosen as the outer diaphragm thickness. The forms of three different proposed joints and their design conceptions can provide good guidance for designers and engineers.
A Risk Assessment for Cultural Heritage in Southern Iraq: Framing Drivers, Threats and Actions Affecting Archaeological Sites

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a classification of the risks threatening archaeological sites in southern Iraq and suggests some possible remediation to better preserve them. This has been possible thanks to a research methodology that combines remote sensing and ground control on a sample of 558 sites documented by the Iraqi-Italian QADIS survey project. A three-tier typological framework has been created illustrating the risks jeopardising the cultural heritage of the region. This research showed that the most impacting risks are the ones caused by agricultural activity, despite current narratives which mainly focus on looting and violent destruction. To get at the root of the problem, current laws protecting cultural heritage in Iraq are analysed, as well as how the cultural authorities are organised on the ground. Improving the organisation of the SBAH, engaging the local communities towards the issue of sites’ protection and introducing preventive archaeology are among the solutions proposed.