Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Langzeitergebnisse nach Nierentransplantation bei kommerzieller Lebendspende und Lebendspende von Verwandten oder Lebenspartnern.

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is to relive patients of the burden of dialysis and to allow returning to productive life. However obtaining organs remains the major problem all over the world. This had led to development of new alternatives like; commercial transplantation in some countries, although it had been considered unethical, it has a high complications rate as well. Aim: To compare the long term course and outcome of patients with commercial transplantations and living related kidney transplantation in two different centres. Patients and Methods: A 368 kidney transplanted patients were examined retrospectively and classified into; Group I: 138 patients had living kidney transplantation at Uni-klinik Dusseldorf in Germany. Group II: 230 patients had commercial transplantation in some countries and followed up at Zahra kidney centre in Libya. Follow up data regarding medical, surgical complications, Patient and graft survivals at one, five and ten years were reported. Results: We compared between the two groups during the same period of time. The results showed; Acute rejection episode (14.8%) in (group II) and (7.2%) in (group I) (p group I (9.4%) (p=0.001) and post transplant diabetes, (0.7% and 2.9%) in group I and group II, respectively (P=0.001). There were more infectious complications like hepatitis C and B, CMV, herpes zoster and Tuberculosis in group II (25.9 % vs. 5%), Surgical complications like graft artery stenosis in living related donor transplantation (8.9 vs. 1%). Kaposi sarcoma in group II 1.7% vs. 0% in group I. Patient survival rates were different in the five and ten years (87.8 and 84%), respectively for the group II and (94.9% and 94.2%), respectively for group I (P =0.0001). The Ten year graft survival was (71.7 %) for group I and (63.9%) for group II. (P=0.002). In group I, death occur in 7 (6%) of the patients, the main causes of death were;cardiovascular complications in 2(28.5%) and graft failure 2(28.5%). While in group II; death occur in 37 patients (16%), the commonest causes of death were; infection in 12 (30%), cardiovascular in 9 (24%) and due to graft failure 9 in (24%). Conclusions: The Outcome of commercial transplantation are inferior to living related transplantation, because it carries a high rate of complications like; infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality and despite that the patient survival rate is comparable in the early post operative period, the graft as well as the patient survival is worse than conventional living related transplantations at the long term follow up.
On the structure of the turbulent interstellar clouds . Influence of the equation of state on the dynamics of 3D compressible flows

Context. It is well established that the atomic interstellar hydrogen is filling the galaxies and constitutes the building blocks of molecular clouds. Aims. To understand the formation and the evolution of molecular clouds, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of turbulent and thermally bistable as well as barotropic flows. Methods. We perform high resolution 3-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of 2-phase, isothermal and polytropic flows. Results. We compare the density probability distribution function (PDF) and Mach number density relation in the various simulations and conclude that 2-phase flows behave rather differently than polytropic flows. We also extract the clumps and study their statistical properties such as the mass spectrum, mass-size relation and internal velocity dispersion. In each case, it is found that the behavior is well represented by a simple power law. While the various exponents inferred are very similar for the 2-phase, isothermal and polytropic flows, we nevertheless find significant differences, as for example the internal velocity dispersion, which is smaller for 2-phase flows. Conclusions. The structure statistics are very similar to what has been inferred from observations, in particular the mass spectrum, the mass-size relation and the velocity dispersion-size relation are all power laws whose indices well agree with the observed values. Our results suggest that in spite of various statistics being similar for 2-phase and polytropic flows, they nevertheless present significant differences, stressing the necessity to consider the proper thermal structure of the interstellar atomic hydrogen for computing its dynamics as well as the formation of molecular clouds.
Turbulence measurements with a tethered balloon

This study presents the first deployment of a turbulence probe below a tethered balloon in field campaigns. This system allows to measure turbulent temperature fluxes, momentum fluxes as well as turbulent kinetic energy in the lower 5 part of the boundary layer. It is composed of a sonic thermoanemometer and inertial motion sensor. It has been validated during three campaigns with different convective boundarylayer conditions using turbulent measurements from atmospheric towers and aircraft. 10
The Magnetic Moments of Single-Domain and its Mathematics Formation

We now demonstrate that such "uniaxial" particles can allow several quantifiable stable (or metastable) orientations of the magnetic moment within the same particle. A new model is presented with quantitative predictions verified by experiments. The results have important implications for rock magnetism, palaeomagnetism, and magnetic materials research. Firstly, the new model quantitatively accounts for several previously unexplained diverse phenomena exhibited by such single-domain (SD) particles. Including the acquisition of gyroremanences, tiled-impressed anisotropy, and transverse components of reminisce in individual particles. These phenomena are theoretically impossible in idealized uniaxial single domain particles, and could now be used to quantify the deviation of real particles from ideal behavior. Secondly, deflections of the natural remanence vector and computations of the ancient field vector and paleointensity are not only controlled by the shape and distribution of the particles, but also by the possible stable orientations of the moments within single-domain particles. The model is also relevant to other single-domain particle morphologies.
РАЗДЕЛ 2 СОВЕТ ДИРЕКТОРОВ SECTION 2 BOARD PRACTICES BOARD CHANGES FOLLOWING MERGERS

This study documents an overall increase in board independence and size following completed mergers. The increase in board size is positively related to the size of the target firm, suggesting either that large targets have bargaining power to negotiate inclusion of their directors on the board of the merged firm, or that high target director representation is perceived to be vital in mergers of equals. The change in board independence is positively related to post-merger cash flow difficulty, suggesting that independent directors are more likely to be added if the firm faces financial constraints.
Litter production and seed rain in semideciduous forest fragments at different successional stages in the western part of the state of Paraná, Brazil

We documented litter production and seed rain in fragments of semideciduous forest (SDF) in the western part of the state of Parana, Brazil: a late successional fragment (LF); an early successional fragment (EF); and a reforested late successional fragment (RLF). In each fragment, we established three permanent plots with four litter traps each, corresponding to 12 litter traps per fragment. Botanical material was collected monthly between June 2011 and May 2012. We sorted the material by category: leaves; branches; reproductive structures; and miscellaneous. We analyzed the seed rain using the reproductive structures. Annual production was highest (11,560 kg.ha-1) in the LF, followed by the RLF, with 9330 kg.ha-1, and the EF, with 7838 kg.ha-1. The RLF yielded 7167 diaspores, from 33 species, compared with 4751 diaspores, from 38 species, for the EF; in both fragments, pioneer and anemochorous species predominated. The LF yielded 2173 diaspores, from 49 species, among which late secondary and climax species with zoochorous dispersal predominated. We observed asynchrony in the frequency of diaspore production of trees and lianas. Our data describe the dynamics of plant assemblages in SDF fragments and provide information on successional stages, dispersion syndromes, patterns of asynchrony, deciduousness, reproductive periods, and resource availability for frugivores.
The impact of financial and geographic barriers to fertility service in Newfoundland and Labrador

In Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) accessing fertility services is challenging for many residents, as a result of lack of service availability within the province, geographical distance from location of services, and out-of-pocket expenses for both treatment and travel. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by fertility patients in NL and how these challenges affect treatment. Semi-structured, indepth interviews were conducted with female patients across Newfoundland and service providers from NL Fertility Services to gather the perspectives of both patients and providers. We developed a conceptual framework that considers patient group, therapeutic goal, and barriers when determining treatment impacts. We found that for heterosexual women (in couples) looking to become pregnant, the most commonly cited barriers were costs, including financial, opportunity, and emotional, geography, lack of service availability, nature of services, physical environment, partner separation, and social stigma. We also found that these factors created patient and provider-driven impacts on treatment.
Research on the component of lipid classes, fatty acid from egg and body of sea urchin Diadema savignyi (Audouin, 1809)

Sea urchin is an invertebrate member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals living on the ocean floor. It has become increasingly important because of its economic potential, nutritional value and medicinal properties. Recently, sea urchin has been considered as a golden food due to its positive effect on human health. In terms of medicine and nutrition, the gonad of sea urchin is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this research, we focused on determining the total lipid contents, the components of lipid classes and the compositions and contents of fatty acids from the body and egg of D. savignyi collected in Hon Tam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam in 2016. Although total lipid contents in egg and body of D. savignyi are not high in fresh weight basis, they are full of essential lipid ingredients such as wax (H + W), triacylglycerol (TG), monodiacylglycerol MDAG, free fatty acid (FFA), sterol (ST), polar lipid (PL). Palmitic acid (16:0) accounted for the largest proportion of saturated fatty acids in both egg and body samples. Beside this, eicosenoic (20:1n-9) is dominent fatty acid in the monounsaturated fatty acid group (MUFA) group. In polyunsaturated fatty acid group (PUFA), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) made up the highest proportion, accounting for over 50%. Furthermore, the research result also showed the existences of four omega-3 fatty acids in the egg and body of D. savignyi, with the total contents of 2.31% and 2.47% respectively, especially the presence of eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (C20:5n-3, EPA), a very valuable fatty acid. The PUFA/SFA ratio and the n3/n6 ratio present in the total lipid contents of the egg and the body of D. savignyi have been found to meet the WHO standards for healthy food.
Physiological responses of four Eucalyptus camaldulensis clones to waterlogging in a hydroponic system

Waterlogging has a detrimental effect on environmental stress in Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn.), as does calcareous soil, while together they act synergistically to induce stress in the plants. In the western region of Thailand, both conditions are deleterious to the eucalypt plantation industry. These stresses can reduce the biomass and yield of eucalypts at all stages of growth. To assist the eucalypt breeding program, powerful tools to screen a population are needed. Leaf gas exchange parameters can be used to study the photosynthetic capacity of plants during flooding, except in some flood-tolerant plants that have developed adaptive mechanisms to better maintain photosynthetic capacity. In this study, a physiological method was developed and applied to four Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn.) clones to screen for the effects of waterlogging on net photosynthesis, maximum quantum yield, chlorophyll content and biomass. Four two-month-old eucalypt clones (C1 and C2 were calcicole clones and C3 and C4 were calcifuge clones) were grown in half-strength Hoagland’s solution and subjected to waterlogging conditions for 16 days. Physiological parameters were monitored at days 0, 8 and 16 under a plant growth incubator. The net photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) rapidly reduced in C2 and C4 after 16 days of waterlogging. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content and biomass of the four clones decreased in all cultivars under waterlogging at day 16. From measured physiological parameters, C2 and C4 suffered more severe stress under waterlogging than C1 and C3. Overall, a difference between the control and treated plants could be observed at 16 days after treatment. The physiological parameters of gas exchange and the Fv/Fm ratio were proven to be suitable indicators of waterlogging-tolerant traits.
Impact of Workers' Training on Industrial Strikes in Nigeria

This study investigated the impact of workers` training programmes on industrial strike reduction among industrial workers in Nigeria. This is for the purpose of ascertaining the relevance of workers` training programmes, as an alternative approach to human capital formation, to industrial strike reduction among industrial workers in Nigeria. A total of 230 respondents were selected for the study using stratified sampling technique to reflect the two strata of public and private organizations. Two sets of questionnaire, with three subscales, titled ‘Workers Training Programmes Scale (WTPS) and Industrial Strike Reduction Scale (CRS) were used for data collection. All the hypothesized research questions were examined using Regression Analysis and t-test statistical methods at 0.05 alpha levels. The finding revealed that workers` training programmes (taken together) had significantly influenced industrial strike reduction among industrial workers. It was also found that only three independent variables (conflict skill, communication skill and interpersonal relations skill training programmes) have significantly influenced industrial strike reduction. However, it was found that management skill and computer skill training programmes were not as significant in influencing industrial strike reduction in selected work organizations. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of female and male workers` participation in workers` training programmes in both public and private organizations selected for the study. Based on the findings of study, it is recommended that workers` training programmes should be given priority by all establishments in order to forestall industrial peace for all levels of workers. Also, training needs of the organization as well as that of workers must be identified before making recommendations for training. This will possibly foster specialization and encourage technical-driven training in work organizations. Key Words: Workers, Training Programmes, Industrial strike reduction, Organizations, Nigeria
The Locus of Choice: Personal Causality and Satisfaction with Hedonic and Utilitarian Decisions

Consumers may consume the same products or services with different goals, for example, for their own pleasure--a hedonic goal--or to achieve some higher level purpose--a utilitarian goal. This article investigates whether this difference in goals influences satisfaction with an outcome that was either self-chosen or externally determined. In four experiments we manipulate consumption goals, controlling for the outcomes, the option valence, and whether the externally made choice was determined by an expert or at random. Results show that the outcome of a self-made choice is more satisfying than the outcome of an externally made choice when the goal is hedonic but not when it is utilitarian. We hypothesize that this effect results from the greater perceived personal causality associated with terminally motivated activities, such as hedonic choices, relative to instrumentally motivated activities, such as utilitarian choices, and provide evidence that supports this explanation over alternative accounts.
Local variations in the distribution of Silurian conodonts of the Distomodus kentuckyensis Zone of the Oslo region, Norway

Idris, M. B. : Local variations in the distribution of Silurian conodonts of the Distomodus kentuckyensis Zone of the Oslo Region, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 64, pp. 181-191. Oslo 1984. ISSN 0029-196X. The distribution of conodonts in the early Silurian successions of the Oslo Region is assessed with respect to water depth and energy level changes. Although there is no strong lateral segregation nor increase in diversity in deeper waters, species seem to be selective in their preference for environments. A few exhibited anomalies in the near-shore, high energy environments, others in the off-shore, lower energy environments. The distributional trends of the main zonal indices Distomodus kentuckyensis and lcrio­ della discreta -lcriodel/a deflecta suggest that there are some interactions between these species. Generally, the distribution patte ms of the coniform apparatuses indicate that they are least tolerant of the shallow water, high-energy environments.
Hierarchical Power Management in Disruption Tolerant Networks with TrafficAware

Recent efforts in Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have shown that mobility can be a powerful means for delivering messages in highly-challenged environments. DTNs are wireless mobile networks that are particularly useful in sparse environments where the density of nodes is insufficient to support direct end-to-end communication. Unfortunately, many mobility scenarios depend on untethered devices with limited energy supplies. Without careful management depleted energy supplies will degrade network connectivity and counteract the robustness gained by mobility. A primary concern is the energy consumed by wireless communication, and in particular the energy consumed in searching for other nodes to communicate with. In this architecture, energy can be conserved by using the low-power radio to discover communication opportunities with other nodes and waking the high-power radio to undertake the data transmission. We develop a generalized power management framework for controlling the wakeup intervals of the two radios. In addition, we show how to incorporate knowledge of the traffic load, and we devise approximation algorithms to control the sleep/wake-up cycling to provide maximum energy conservation while discovering enough communication opportunities to handle that load. We evaluate our schemes through simulation and compare them against single radio architectures, and against algorithms that do not incorporate information about the load. Our results show that the generalized power management mechanism achieves better energy efficiency in discovering communication opportunities than mechanisms relying on only one radio. Also, when traffic load can be predicted, our approximation algorithm could reduce energy consumption from 73% to 93% compared with the case without power management. Finally, our results show that the statistical information about traffic load and network connectivity allows us to devise an efficient algorithm even for the one-radio architecture, so energy can be saved almost equivalently to the two radio architecture.
Is the Grass Greener? Switching Costs and Geographic Proximity in the High Status Affiliations of Professional Baseball

Professional baseball operates a tiered system of talent development facilitated by alliances between Minor League Baseball (MiLB) clubs and higher status Major League Baseball (MLB) parent teams. This study applies management theory to advance the literature on MiLB demand modeling by proposing and testing a new set of demand determinants based on interorganizational alliance principles. Team executives at the AA level should be alert to the high cost of switching team alliances and of changing to a parent club in closer geographical proximity. At the AAA level, affiliation with a winning MLB club exerts a positive effect on AAA demand.
The distribution of plants in Scoska Cave, North Yorkshire, and their relationship to light intensity.

The flora of a small limestone cave was investigated. A total of 59 species was recorded (4 algae, 3 lichens, 47 bryophytes, 4 ferns, 1 angiosperm) making it bryologically the richest cave in Britain and one of the richest in Europe. All but nine of the species had been recorded from other European caves. Species-richness declined irregularly from the entrance (relative irradiance with respect to open sky 12%) to 34m depth (reI. irradiance 0.004%). Bryophytes were found at 0-16m depth where relative irradiance declined to 0.2% and only algae were encountered at 34m depth. While irradiance, which declined exponentially, was the major factor controlling plant distribution, substratum characteristics and surface moisture were also important.
The Effect of Time Intervals on Heat Transfer to the Implant-Bone Interface during Preparation of a Titanium Abutment: An in Vitro Study

Statement of Problem: Thermal injury during dental implant placement and restoration is a clinical concern as it may cause bone damage and compromise osseointegration. The threshold level for heat-induced cortical bone necrosis is 47°C for 60 seconds. Objectives: To measure the amount of heat transferred to the implant-bone interface when a two-piece or one-piece abutment was prepared in vertical and horizontal direction using various time intervals. Materials and Methods : Three groups of samples (n = 24), one-piece and two-piece implant and natural teeth, were used in this study to compare the amount of heat transferred to the implant-bone interface. This study used cooling system in the 10, 20, 30, and 60 seconds time intervals. The Thermocouples (K type) were attached to each sample at the crestal, middle and apical points. To have a similar condition with the oral cavity, each implant was embedded separately in transparent acrylic resin in a 37°C water bath. To have a constant cutting pressure, the turbine was fixed on the stable stand and a 100 g counterweight hanged to it. Then, the bath was fixed in front of it and cutting started at vertical and horizontal directions for 10, 20, 30, 60 seconds. Results: The maximum decrease from 37°C was observed in two-piece implant at the apical point (3.95°C) after 60 seconds and the minimum decrease was seen in one-piece implant at the crestal point (0.6°C) after 60 seconds. Also the minimum increase was observed in the natural teeth at the apical point (0.15°C) at 10 seconds and the maximum temperature increase was seen in one-piece implant at the apical point (1.95°C) at 20 seconds. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that to reduce the thermal damage on the bone tissue, an intermittent cut up to 20 seconds is acceptable. Cutting one-piece implant caused more heat transfer than that of two-piece implant.