Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fecal Microbial Transplant After Ileocolic Resection Reduces Ileitis but Restores Colitis in IL-10−/− Mice

Background:Ileocolic resection (ICR) is frequently performed for Crohn's disease; however, disease commonly recurs early in the neoterminal ileum. The aim of this study was to use the IL-10−/− mouse to determine the effects of ICR on gut microbiome and immune function and if postoperative fecal microbial transplant (FMT) would improve disease. Methods:ICR was performed in 129S1/SvlmJ IL10−/− mice followed by FMT using stool from wild-type mice. Sham-transplant mice received their own stool. Stool samples were collected on day 0, day 13 (after ICR), and day 27 (after FMT) for whole metagenome shot-gun sequencing. Mucosal-associated bacteria were quantified with quantitative PCR and visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Tissue cytokines were measured with multiplex arrays and mononuclear phagocyte populations by flow cytometry. Results:Surgery induced microbial functional and taxonomic shifts, decreased diversity, and depleted Bacteroidia and Clostridia. ICR mice had reduced colitis but worse ileitis with bacterial overgrowth, increased translocation, and reduction in tissue macrophages. FMT prevented ileitis but restored colitis and allowed for a bloom of &ggr;-proteobacteria. In the colon, ICR and sham transplant were associated with recruitment of tolerogenic dendritic cells, whereas FMT shifted these immune cell subsets to control profiles along with increasing cytokine levels. Conclusions:This study suggests that surgical-induced immune dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis with impaired clearance may be the underlying cause of the early ulcerations found in the ileum of patients with Crohn's disease after ICR. FMT has an immunostimulatory effect on the postoperative intestine, which was beneficial in preventing ileitis, but detrimental in restoring colonic injury after surgery.
Program director and resident perspectives of a competency-based medical education anesthesia residency program in Canada: a needs assessment

Purpose: In July 2015, the University of Ottawa introduced a competency-based medical education (CBME) postgraduate program for anesthesia. Prior to program implementation, this study aimed to identify Canadian anesthesiology program directors perceptions of CBME and residents’ opinion on how the program should be designed and perceived consequences of CBME. Methods: This two-phase, qualitative study included semi-structured interviews with Canadian anesthesia program directors (Phase I) and a focus group interview with residents enrolled in the University of Ottawa time-based anesthesia program (Phase II). Both phases sought to gauge participant’s perceptions of CBME. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results: Data was combined to protect anonymity of the six participants (three program directors and three residents). Participants spoke about the perceived advantages of CBME, the need to establish definitions, and challenges to a CBME program highlighting logistical factors, implications for trainees and the role assessment plays in CBME. Conclusion: These findings will inform CBME implementation strategies in anesthesia programs across the country, and may assist other residency programs in the design of their programs. Furthermore, our findings may help identify potential challenges and issues that other postgraduate specialties may face as they transition to a CBME model.
PSYCHIATRIC AND PHYSICAL HEALTH RAMIFICATIONS OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS IN WOMEN

All individuals are at some risk of experiencing a traumatic event and developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however some individuals are at higher risk due to individual and environmental factors. This critical literature review focuses on women, as they are twice as likely as men to develop PTSD in their lifetimes. Should a woman develop PTSD, she is then at risk of developing psychiatric and physical health comorbidities that can further impact her quality of life. The strengths and limitations of current studies regarding this topic are discussed as are directions for future research and issues for nurses treating traumatized individuals.
The role of varying information quantity in ads on immediate and enduring cross-media synergies

Advertisers are increasingly incorporating online and offline media in their marketing communication plans to leverage synergies across them. However, if there are no differences in modality, it is unclear if mixed online–offline media usage can lead to cross-media synergies. The author draws from research on priming and two-factor theory of repetition to argue that varying information quantity on ads in different media leads to differences in ad processing at initial exposures, which impacts how information-processing capacity is allocated on retrieval vs. encoding activities on later exposures. This research compares the effect of combined online–offline media usage [Internet banner–print magazine–permission email (I–P–E) or email ad–print ad–Internet banner(E–P–I)] vs. single-media usage (I–I–I, E–E–E, and P–P–P) on aided and unaided brand information recall and brand attitude. Experimental data show that mixed-media use with increasing brand information (I–P–E) has a synergistic effect leading to significantly better immediate and delayed outcomes. Implications are drawn for media planning and media scheduling.
Identification of Variables Affecting Employee Satisfaction and Their Impact on the Organization

Employee satisfaction is the terminology used to describe whether employees are happy, contended and fulfilling their desires and needs at work. Many measures support that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal achievement and positive employee morale in the work place. Basically Employee satisfaction is a measure of how happy workers are with their job and working environment. In this paper various variables responsible for employee satisfaction has been discussed such as Organization development factors, Job security factors, Work task factors, Policies of compensation and benefit factor and opportunities which give satisfaction to employees such as Promotion and career development also has been described . This paper also deals the various ways by which one can improve employee satisfaction.
Modeling Factors that Influence Firm Performance in the Eastern Hardwood Lumber Manufacturing Industry

This research investigated the relationship between several firm-controlled, marketing and management factors and firm performance. Hypotheses describing the relationship between the strategic, geographic, tactical, technological and organizational factors and firm performance of hardwood lumber manufacturers were tested. These factors were operationalized, measured in a mail survey and used in statistical analysis to identify relationships among the variables. An adjusted response rate of 19.8% was obtained from the mail survey. Non-response bias was not found to be a significant problem in the data. A twelve measure performance indicator was developed and utilized to evaluate the performance of hardwood lumber manufacturers who were predominantly privatelyheld companies. The averages for the profit and costs performance measures were the lowest of all twelve performance measures and this suggested that firms should focus improvement on these measures. The current marketing tactics, including species mix, product mix, customer mix, and promotion mix was determined. The utilization of advanced production technology has increased in the industry since it was last measured in 1999. The majority of respondents (60%) had dry kiln operations and 49% had a surfacing mill. Thirty five percent of respondents indicated that their company was certified by either forest, chain-of-custody, or both. Of the five firm-controlled factors investigated in this research, four of them were found to be related to firm performance. Geographic location was not found to be related to the performance of hardwood sawmills. Firms who were backward integrated and firms who were both backward integrated and forward integrated performed significantly better than firms who were not vertically integrated or forward integrated. Higher performance scores were associated with larger firms, firms who had multiple sawmills and firms who were members of the NHLA. There was no relationship found between diversification of the product mix, species mix, customer mix variables and performance. The diversification of a firm's
Risk-adjusted Outcomes of Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Model for Performance Evaluation

Objective: To evaluate surgical performance in pancreatoduodenectomy using clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) occurrence as a quality indicator. Background: Accurate assessment of surgeon and institutional performance requires (1) standardized definitions for the outcome of interest and (2) a comprehensive risk-adjustment process to control for differences in patient risk. Methods: This multinational, retrospective study of 4301 pancreatoduodenectomies involved 55 surgeons at 15 institutions. Risk for CR-POPF was assessed using the previously validated Fistula Risk Score, and pancreatic fistulas were stratified by International Study Group criteria. CR-POPF variability was evaluated and hierarchical regression analysis assessed individual surgeon and institutional performance. Results: There was considerable variability in both CR-POPF risk and occurrence. Factors increasing the risk for CR-POPF development included increasing Fistula Risk Score (odds ratio 1.49 per point, P < 0.00001) and octreotide (odds ratio 3.30, P < 0.00001). When adjusting for risk, performance outliers were identified at the surgeon and institutional levels. Of the top 10 surgeons (≥15 cases) for nonrisk-adjusted performance, only 6 remained in this high-performing category following risk adjustment. Conclusions: This analysis of pancreatic fistulas following pancreatoduodenectomy demonstrates considerable variability in both the risk and occurrence of CR-POPF among surgeons and institutions. Disparities in patient risk between providers reinforce the need for comprehensive, risk-adjusted modeling when assessing performance based on procedure-specific complications. Furthermore, beyond inherent patient risk factors, surgical decision-making influences fistula outcomes.
Fat Distribution and Health in Obesity

Abstract: Although independent associations of visceral fat with the insulin resistance syndrome were previously reported in obese women, the importance of truncal subcutaneous fat in this syndrome is controversial. The method by which the various fat depots are measured may be the reason for the underlying controversy. In the past five years, we have used various methods to measure visceral versus subcutaneous fat distribution in Caucasian (C) and African‐ American (AA) women and have related it to insulin sensitivity (SI) and to blood lipids, particularly fasting serum triglyceride levels (TG). Elevated TG levels in obese women were best predicted by an increased amount of visceral fat, whereas the amounts of truncal and peripheral subcutaneous fat did not have an impact on them. These results were confirmed, regardless of the method used to measure the fat depots. Insulin resistance (low SI) in obese women was predicted by both an increase of visceral and of upper‐body (truncal) subcutaneous fat. However, measurements of the entire visceral and truncal subcutaneous fat volumes may be needed to confirm this latter association.
Towards a New International Development Architecture for LDCs

UNCTAD/LDC/2010 United Nations publication Sales No E.09. II.D. 9 ISBN 978-92-1-112769-0 ISSN 0257-7550 The global financial and economic crisis highlight the urgent need to move beyond business as usual and, through concerted international action, foster more stable and inclusive global development. The crisis has been a sober reminder that economic and social imbalances and inequalities, both within and between countries, if left to correct themselves, are likely to produce damaging and destructive outcomes, particularly for vulnerable countries and communities. This Report focuses on the boombust cycle of the past decade in the least developed countries (LDCs) and offers alternatives for the coming decade.
Impact of Donor Recipient Gender and Race Mismatch on Graft Outcomes in Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Context: The discrepancy between donor supply and organ demand increased the possibility of gender and race mismatch between the donors and recipients. However, the findings of their impact on graft and patient survival are outdated and mixed. Objective: To estimate the effects of gender and race mismatch on graft survival and patient survival among adult patients (18 years and older) with end-stage liver disease. Design: A total of 38 768 patients undergoing liver transplant between 2002 and 2011 were identified from United Network for Organ Sharing database. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard regressions with backward elimination adopting a marginal approach with a working independence assumption and stratification on recipient hepatitis C virus status were used. Main Outcome Measures: Posttransplantation graft survival and patient survival. Results: Both gender mismatch (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.12) and race mismatch (HR 1.08, 95%C: 1.04-1.12) had significantly adverse effects on graft survival and patient survival after controlling for other factors, especially among hepatitis C-positive female recipients with male donors (HR 1.13, 95%CI 1.03-1.24), black recipients with white donors (1.39, 1.29-1.49) or Hispanic donors (HR 1.48, 95%CI 1.27-1.72), and these effects were even worse among hepatitis C-positive recipients. Conclusion: Gender and race mismatch between donors and recipients adversely affected graft survival and patient survival among adult patients with end-stage liver disease, both independently and after the adjustment for other factors. Future research is recommended to explore other factors such as new model for end-stage liver disease sharing policy change and disparities in access to waiting-list or transplantation.
Mosaic evolution of ruminant stomach lysozyme genes.

The genomes of ruminant artiodactyls, such as cow and sheep, have approximately 10 lysozyme genes, 4 of which are expressed in the stomach. Most of the duplications of the lysozyme genes occurred 40-50 million years ago, before the divergence of cow and sheep. Despite this, the coding regions of stomach lysozyme genes within a species (e.g., cow, sheep, or deer) are more similar to each other than to lysozyme genes in other ruminants. This observation suggests that the coding regions of the stomach lysozyme genes have evolved in a concerted fashion. Our previous characterization of 3 cow stomach lysozyme genes suggested that it was only the coding exons that had participated in concerted evolution. To determine whether the introns and flanking regions of ruminant stomach lysozyme genes are evolving in a concerted or a divergent fashion, we have isolated and characterized 2 sheep stomach lysozyme genes. Comparison of the sequences of the sheep and cow stomach lysozyme genes clearly shows that the introns and flanking regions have evolved, like the 3' untranslated region of the mRNAs, in a divergent manner. Thus, if the four coding exons are evolving by concerted evolution, then a mosaic pattern of concerted and divergent evolution is occurring in these genes. The independent concerted evolution of coding exons of the ruminant stomach lysozyme gene may have assisted in the accelerated adaptive evolution of the lysozyme to new function in the early ruminant.
What (Not) to Expect When Surveying Executives

The authors developed hypotheses about the effectiveness of response rate techniques for organizational researchers surveying executives. Using meta-analytic procedures to test those hypotheses, the authors analyzed response rate data from 231 studies that surveyed executives and appeared in top management journals from 1992 to 2003. They found mean response rates to be declining over the period, yielding an overall 32% rate. Of the various methods suggested to increase response rates in other populations, none were found to be effective for executives. However, topical salience and sponsorship by an organization or person in the executive's social networks did bring about response rate increases. The authors provide recommendations about what (not) to do when trying to collectoriginal data from members of a firm's upper echelons.
The Val34Leu polymorphism in the A subunit of coagulation factor XIII contributes to the large normal range in activity and demonstrates that the activation peptide plays a role in catalytic activity.

There is a wide normal range of coagulation factor XIII activity that has never been adequately explained. A polymorphism substituting leucine for valine at position 34 in the activation peptide of the A subunit of factor XIII has recently been discovered in nondeficient individuals, and the present studies indicate that the leucine substitution results in a significant increase in transglutaminase activity. The frequency of the Leu34 allele in the Australian Caucasian population is 0.27, which is high enough to suggest that the inheritance of either the Val34 or Leu34 alleles may contribute to the wide normal range of activity. Although there has been structural evidence indicating that the activation peptide does not dissociate from the enzyme after thrombin cleavage, the discovery of elevated activity resulting from the Leu34 substitution is the first direct evidence that the activation peptide plays a continuing role in the function of factor XIII.
Naturally occurring phytotoxins in allelopathic plants help reduce herbicide dose in wheat

Field studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of allelopathic plant water extracts applied alone or tank-mixed with a reduced herbicide dose on the weeds of wheat. Water extracts of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ) + sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) + mulberry (Morus alba L.) were used alone (each at 20 L ha–1) or combined with iodo + mesosulfuron (3.6 and 7.2 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha–1; 25 and 50% of the recommended dose, respectively). The recommended dose of herbicide, a weedy check and a weed-free treatment were included for comparison. Allelopathic water extracts alone suppressed the density of canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) by 34–42%, and dry weight by 59–67%. The mixture of allelopathic plant water extracts combined with reduced doses of iodo + mesosulfuron gave weed control equal to the recommended dose of the herbicide. Integration of plant water extracts with reduced herbicide rates provide effective weed control and a wheat yield comparable to using the recommended herbicide dose.
Information needs and the decision process — Perceptions of managers and accountants

In the managerial decision-making process managers, typically, have to choose a course of action from a number of alternatives. The information they consider may be purely financial or it may involve a mix of quantitative and qualitative factors. The criteria upon which they base their decision will usually entail trade-offs between a number of different criteria relating to expected compensation and risk, but they also depends on behavioral factors. This paper reports the results of a study on the use of accounting information by decision makers. Perceptions of accountants and managers in the same organizations regarding information supplied by the accounting department were compared and differences highlighted. Seventeen managers in sales, marketing, production, and accounting department are interviewed about the information they use to make a decision. The results indicate that the use of accounting information is influenced by the decision phases. And, the findings showed evidence of preparer / user perception gaps. Accounting information is not used in the same way in all the decision process phases. The user perception is that accounting information is mostly used to identify a problem, to list the options and compare them. The preparer perception is that accounting information is as a rule used to list and analyzes the options. Merely the preparer perspective is consistent with prior literature in accounting and information system.
Conceptual Foundations and Practical Guidelines for Retaining Volunteers Who Serve in Local Nonprofit Organizations: Part II

SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to provide volunteer program managers (VPMs) with an academically sound source of strategies for retaining their volunteer corps. This is accomplished by defining the term “turnover,” describing how volunteering changes individuals, explaining motivations for continuing or discontinuing services, and identifying strategies for retention.
A “Wide” Variety: Effects of Horizontal versus Vertical Display on Assortment Processing, Perceived Variety, and Choice

The authors investigate how horizontal versus vertical displays of alternatives affect assortment processing, perceived variety, and subsequent choice. Horizontal (vs. vertical) displays are easier to process due to a match between the human binocular vision field (which is horizontal in direction) and the dominant direction of eye movements required for processing horizontal displays. It is demonstrated that this processing fluency allows people to browse information more efficiently, which increases perceived assortment variety and ultimately leads to more variety being chosen, and if the number of options chosen is allowed to vary, it leads to more options chosen. It is shown that because people see more variety in a horizontal (vs. vertical) display, they process a horizontal assortment more extensively. When more variety is positive, they find the choice task easier and have a higher level of satisfaction and confidence about their choices. When more variety is not necessarily positive, for example, in a choice of a single most-preferred option, these effects disappear. Two field studies, an eye-tracking study, and two lab studies support these conclusions.
Advertising Claim Objectivity: Antecedents and Effects

The authors examine the role of advertising claim objectivity under central route processing conditions. Past studies are reviewed and two distinct components of claim objectivity are identified: attribute tangibility and factualness of description. Specific predictions are made concerning the effects of claim objectivity on perceived ad credibility, brand beliefs, ad attitudes, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model different results are predicted for print and broadcast media. A study is conducted in which the degree of claim objectivity (objective, subjective, and mixed) and the type of media (radio or print) are manipulated as independent variables while various message and consumer variables are controlled or measured as covariates. Results show that both tangibility and factualness contribute to claim objectivity effects, that objective claims are more effective than subjective claims, and that no content differences emerge between print and radio media. Implications for marketing research and practice are discussed.