Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Managerial Labor Market on Executive Compensation: Evidence from Job-Hopping

We find that companies dramatically raise their incumbent executives’ pay, especially equity-based pay, after losing executives to other firms. The pay raise is larger when incumbent executives have greater employment mobility in the labor market, when companies lose senior executives, and when job-hopping executives receive favorable job offers in their new firms. A company׳s subsequent pay raise to incumbent executives after losing an executive diminishes its deficiency in executive compensation relative to its industry peer firms, and is effective at retaining its incumbent executives. Overall, our evidence suggests that executive job-hopping activity has significant effects on firms’ compensation policies.
Effect of Neocuproine, a Copper(I) Chelator, on Rat Bladder Function

The effects of a specific copper(I)-chelator, neocuproine (NC), and a selective copper(II)-chelator, cuprizone, on nonadrenergic-noncholinergic transmitter mechanisms in the rat urinary bladder were studied by measuring nerve-evoked contractions of bladder strips and voiding function under urethane anesthesia. After blocking cholinergic and adrenergic transmission with atropine and guanethidine, electrical field stimulation induced bimodal contractions of bladder strips. An initial, transient contraction that was blocked by the purinergic antagonist, suramin, was significantly enhanced by NC (20 and 200 μM applied sequentially) but not affected by cuprizone. The facilitating effect, which was blocked by suramin and reversible after washout of the drug, did not occur following administration of neocuproine-copper(I) complex (NC-Cu). NC (20 μM) significantly increased the second, more sustained contraction, whereas 200 μM decreased this response. These effects of NC on the sustained contractions were not elicited by NC-Cu and not blocked by suramin. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, l-nitroarginine, did not alter the responses to NC. NC (20 μM) elicited a marked increase in basal tone of the strips. This effect was less prominent after the second application of 200 μMNC or with NC-Cu treatment or in the presence of suramin. In anesthetized rats, during continuous infusion cystometry, intravesical infusion of 50 μM NC but not NC-Cu or cuprizone significantly decreased the intercontraction interval (ICI) without changing contraction amplitude. The ICI returned to normal after washout of NC. Suramin blocked this effect. These results indicate that NC enhances bladder activity by facilitating purinergic excitatory responses and that copper(I)-sensitive mechanisms tonically inhibit purinergic transmission in the bladder.
ELEMENTS FOR ASSESSMENT OF TELEMEDICINE APPLICATIONS

Objectives: As an initiative of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment, an approach to assessment of telemedicine applications was prepared to assist decision makers who are considering introduction and use of this technology. Methods: Review and commentary drawing on published assessment frameworks and reports of primary evaluations of telemedicine, with particular reference to experience in Finland and Canada. Results: Elements of the approach included development of a business case (considering population and services, personnel and consumers, delivery arrangements, specifications and costs); subsequent evaluation of the telemedicine application; and follow-up (covering the domains of technical assessment, effectiveness, user assessment of the technology, costs of telemedicine, trials, economic evaluation methods, and sensitivity analysis). Conclusions: Decision makers should link introduction of new and often costly technology to appraisal of its feasibility, followed by evaluation of the application, including longer term consideration of its sustainability and impact on the healthcare system. As the effectiveness and efficiency of telemedicine applications will often be strongly influenced by local issues, results of assessments may not be generalizable.
PARABOLIC EQUATIONS.

This note outlines the proofs of theorems on the continuity of solutions of linear parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations. These a priori continuity theorems are important for their applications to nonlinear equations. Our original motivation was the existence problems for fluid flow, especially the general compressible viscous flow, and the turbulence problem. We were led to the problem solved here by a process of reduction, isolating what seemed the essential difficulty facing an attack on the general nonlinear equations. We study parabolic equations of the form
Phonemes, rhymes, and intelligence as predictors of children's responsiveness to remedial reading instruction: evidence from a longitudinal intervention study.

We present an analysis of data from a longitudinal intervention study with 7-year-old poor readers (Hatcher, Hulme, & Ellis, 1994). A battery of cognitive and phonological tasks administered before the intervention began revealed five separate factors: Phoneme Manipulation, Rhyme, Verbal Ability, Nonverbal Ability and Phonological Memory. We assessed the extent to which these factors were predictive of children's responsiveness to the teaching interventions they received. For reading accuracy, Verbal Ability, Nonverbal Ability, Phonological Memory, and Rhyme made no significant contribution to predicting responsiveness to teaching, while Phoneme Manipulation was a very strong predictor. However for reading comprehension, Verbal ability (but not nonverbal ability) made an additional unique contribution to predicting responsiveness to teaching. The results are discussed in the context of current theories of the role of intelligence and phonological skills in learning to read.
Coagulase Gene Polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis

This study was conducted to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitic milk samples from 3 different Turkish cities (Hatay, Gaziantep, and Burdur). Amplification of the coagulase gene from 80 S. aureus isolates produced 5 different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products; 79 isolates showed only 1 amplicon, and 1 isolate showed 2 amplicons. The isolates were grouped into 9 genotypes by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the gene; the 2 most common genotypes accounted for 73.8% of the isolates. The results indicated that many coagulase gene genotypes are present in the studied regions and only 1 or 2 genotypes predominated. Subklinik ‹nek Mastitis'lerinden ‹zole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus Sufllar›n›n Koagulaz Gen Polimorfizmi Ozet: Bu cal›flma, uc farkl› flehirden (Hatay, Gaziantep ve Burdur) toplanan mastitisli s›¤›r sutlerinden izole edilen 80 Staphylococcus aureus suflunun koagulaz gen polimorfizmini araflt›rmak amac›yla yap›ld›. Seksen S. aureus suflu 5 farkl› polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplikonu olufltururken, 79 izolat 1 amplikon ve 1 izolat 2 amplikon oluflturdu. ‹zolatlar, koagulaz geninin restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analizi ile 9 genotipe ayr›ld›. ‹ki yayg›n genotip izolatlar›n % 73,8'ini oluflturdu. Sonuclar, cal›fl›lan bolgelerde farkl› genotiplerin olduunu ve bunlardan sadece bir veya iki genotipin dominant olduunu gostermektedir.
Effect of exercise intensity on bone density, strength, and calcium turnover in older women.

PURPOSE This study examined the effects of 24 wk of high intensity strength training or low intensity walking on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), muscular strength, and calcium turnover in Australian women either taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or not taking HRT. METHODS A subject pool of 64 women between 45-65 yr and randomly allocated into weights (N = 21), walking (N = 20), weightsHRT (N = 14), and walkingHRT (N = 9) groups completed this study. All subjects trained twice weekly in either a 50-min walking or weight-training program (60-90% IRM). Measurements included maximal isometric knee strength, IRM bench press, IRM squat, isokinetic back strength, lumbar (L2-L4) BMD, serum osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (Dpd). RESULTS No significant group differences in BMD were evident at the completion of training. However, a significant (P < 0.05) within group change was apparent for the walking group since BMD decreased 1.3% below baseline testing. Osteocalcin levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the walking (22%) group. Maximal bench press and squat strength improved significantly (P < 0.05) in the weights (25.8% and 37.7%) and weightsHRT (25.4% and 35.7%) groups. The weights group also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in isokinetic back strength (22.2%). CONCLUSION It was concluded that short-term high intensity resistance training provides an effective means for increasing muscular strength in women between 45 and 65 yr. The training effects on lumbar BMD were not apparent in the present study.
Growth regimes of porous gold thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering at oblique incidence: from compact to columnar microstructures

Growth regimes of gold thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering at oblique angles and low temperatures are studied from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Thin films were deposited in a broad range of experimental conditions by varying the substrate tilt angle and background pressure, and were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering techniques. Results indicate that the morphological features of the films strongly depend on the experimental conditions, but can be categorized within four generic microstructures, each of them defined by a different bulk geometrical pattern, pore percolation depth and connectivity. With the help of a growth model, a microstructure phase diagram has been constructed where the main features of the films are depicted as a function of experimentally controllable quantities, finding a good agreement with the experimental results in all the studied cases.
Respiratory function of intercostal muscles in supine dog: an electromyographic study.

It is traditionally considered that the difference in orientation of the muscle fibers makes the external intercostals elevate the ribs and the internal interosseous intercostals lower the ribs during breathing. This traditional view, however, has recently been challenged by the observation that the external and internal interosseous intercostals, when contracting alone in a single interspace, have a similar effect on the ribs into which they insert. This view has also been challenged by the observation that the external and internal intercostals in a given interspace often change their length in the same direction during breathing. In an attempt to clarify the respiratory function of these muscles, we studied eight supine lightly anesthetized dogs during quiet breathing and during static inspiratory efforts. In each animal electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the external and internal interosseous intercostals were obtained in all interspaces from the second to the eighth, and selective denervations were systematically performed to ensure with complete certainty the origin of the recorded EMG activities. The external intercostals were only activated in phase with inspiration, whereas the internal interosseous intercostals were only activated in phase with expiration. These phasic EMG activities, however, were generally small in magnitude, and the muscles were often silent. Indeed, activation of the externals was always confined to the upper portion of the rib cage, whereas activation of the internals was limited to the lower portion of the rib cage. Internal intercostal activation always occurred sequentially along a caudocephalic gradient. These observations are thus compatible with the traditional view of intercostal muscle action. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Experimental Determination of the Effect of Bulk Composition on Phase Relationships in Metasediments at Near-solidus Conditions

Sediments of terrigenous origin represent a conspicuouspart of the cover of the oceanic and continental crust(Taylor & McLennan, 1985; Wedepohl, 1991). Pelitesand greywackes are involved in a variety of processes,from deep mass-transfer in subduction environments(e.g. Chopin, 1984; Smith, 1984; Sobolev & Shatsky, 1990;Reinecke, 1991) responsible for dehydration and fluidrelease during dehydration (Schmidt etal.,2004), to partialmelting in continental collision zones, which is at theorigin of intracrustal differentiation (Clemens & Vielzeuf,1987). The evolution of metapelites and metagreywackescan be reconstructed if the dependence of phase relation-ships on pressure, temperature and bulk composition iswell known and, under H
The effect of trifluralin and colchicine treatments on morphological characteristics of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.).

Datura is a pharmaceutical plant with a wide range of properties. Polyploidization sometimes causes large-scale genomic reorganizations and is accompanied by a wide variety of phenotypic alterations in vegetative and morphological characteristics. Several polyploid datura plants were developed by trifluralin and colchicine treatments and were compared with their diploid counterpart for vegetative and morphological characteristics. There were doses related effects of the ploidy treatments on quantitative traits resulting in reductions in traits such as plant height, number of leaves per branch, but increases in number of branches, number leaves per plant, leaf dry weight and chlorophyll content. This finding demonstrates the existence of genetic variation for the morphological response to ploidy change in Datura sramonium L.
Human airway and peripheral blood eosinophils enhance Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion

Background: The effector function of eosinophils involves their release of toxic granule proteins, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and lipid mediators. Murine studies have demonstrated that eosinophils can also enhance T cell function. Whether human eosinophils, in particular, airway eosinophils, have similar immunoregulatory activity has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether human blood and airway eosinophils can contribute to Th1 and Th2 cytokine generation from CD4+ T cells stimulated with superantigen.
Lung Adenocarcinoma with Ipsilateral Breast Metastasis: A Simple Coincidence?

Introduction: Lung cancer with breast metastasis is rare. However, differentiating between primary breast cancer and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma is of clinical importance. The metastasis cascade of how cancer cells migrate from the primary lung tumor to the breast is not clear yet. Methods: Pathology and cytology databases were searched for patients diagnosed to have lung adenocarcinoma with breast metastasis. Their medical records, chest computed tomography images, and pathology slides were reviewed independently. Results: We identified six lung adenocarcinoma patients with breast metastases in a 10-year period from a tertiary medical center. Interestingly, all breast metastases affected the same side as the primary lung cancers. In addition, all our cases shared other clinical manifestations, namely, ipsilateral pleural effusion/thickness and axillary lymph node enlargement. Conclusion: Because this distinctive feature could not be explained by simple coincidence, we consider that lung adenocarcinoma may preferentially metastasize to the ipsilateral breast through a stepwise mechanism, involving pleural seeding, axillary lymph node metastasis, and retrograde lymphatic spreading into the breast.
2D-Shape Analysis Using Conformal Mapping

The study of 2D shapes and their similarities is a central problem in the ﬁeld of vision. It arises in particular from the task of classifying and recognizing objects from their observed silhouette. Deﬁning natural distances between 2D shapes creates a metric space of shapes, whose mathematical structure is inherently relevant to the classiﬁcation task. One intriguing metric space comes from using conformal mappings of 2D shapes into each other, via the theory of Teichm¨uller spaces. In this space every simple closed curve in the plane (a “shape”) is represented by a ‘ﬁngerprint’ which is a diffeomorphism of the unit circle to itself (a differentiable and invertible, periodic function). More precisely, every shape deﬁnes to a unique equivalence class of such diffeomorphisms up to right multiplication by a M¨obius map. The ﬁngerprint does not change if the shape is varied by translations and scaling and any such equivalence class comes from some shape. This coset space, equipped with the inﬁnitesimal Weil-Petersson (WP) Riemannian norm is a metric space. In this space, the shortest path between each two shapes is unique, and is given by a geodesic connecting them. Their distance from each other is given by integrating the WP-norm along that geodesic. In this paper we concentrate on solving the “welding" problem of “sewing" together conformally the interior and exterior of the unit circle, glued on the unit circle by a given diffeomorphism, to obtain the unique 2D shape associated with this diffeomorphism. This will allow us to go back and forth between 2D shapes and their representing diffeomorphisms in this “space of shapes”. We then present an efﬁcient method for computing the unique shortest path, the geodesic of shape morphing between each two end-point shapes. The group of diffeomorphisms of S 1 acts as a group of isometries on the space of shapes and we show how this can be used to deﬁne shape transformations, like for instance ‘adding a protruding limb’ to any shape.
Decrease of CD154 intensity on peripheral CD4+ T cells in autoimmune thyroid disease

To clarify immunological differences among patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD) at various levels of severity, we examined the expression of the CD154 molecules on peripheral T cells, which regulate B cell activation, B cell differentiation, and T‐cell survival. We found decreases in the intensities of CD154 on peripheral CD4+ cells from euthyroid patients with GD and HD, but we did not find any differences between patients with different disease severities. CD8+ cells did not express CD154 molecules. Thus, CD154 expression on CD4+ cells may be related to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, not to the disease severity.
A Characteristic Cognitive and Behavioral Pattern as a Clue to Suspect Klinefelter Syndrome in Prepubertal Age

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with the classic 47,XXY karyotype is the most frequent chromosomal aneuploidy, with a prevalence of 1 in 700 men; although the classic clinical picture is well-known and easily recognizable, most patients remain undiagnosed. The rate of diagnosis during childhood is extremely low, and only 10% of cases are identified before puberty, with a subsequent rate of ascertainment during lifetime of 25%. The low rate of timely diagnosis is because most of the classical signs and symptoms of androgen deficiency appear in mid- to late adolescence but it is important to recognize that adult men with KS may show a great variability in clinical and physical features. A common, often underappreciated, element in young boys and children with KS is the characteristic cognitive and behavioral pattern. We describe 2 patients who were diagnosed at 7.1 and 10 years through a characteristic neurocognitive profile. Both of them showed low-normal scores when evaluated by tests of general intelligence and a behavioral profile characterized by immaturity, low self-esteem, and learning disabilities. Clinical examination showed tall stature and progressive growth acceleration between 5 and 7 years, and one of them had hypoplastic scrotum with monolateral cryptorchidism. To achieve the goal of an early diagnosis of KS, it is necessary to increase medical awareness of the disease and, in particular, to augment pediatricians' knowledge that during prepubertal age pathognomonic clinical features of KS are often lacking but a characteristic cognitive and behavioral pattern is commonly present.
An innovative cycling exergame to promote cardiovascular fitness in youth with cerebral palsy

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of an internet-platform exergame cycling programme on cardiovascular fitness of youth with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: In this pilot prospective case series, eight youth with bilateral spastic CP, Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) level III, completed a six-week exergame programme. Outcomes were obtained at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcome measure was the GMFCS III-specific shuttle run test (SRT-III). Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HQL) as measured by the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire, six-minute walk test, Wingate arm cranking test and anthropomorphic measurements. Results: There were significant improvements in the SRT-III (t = −2.5, p = 0.04, d = 0.88) post-intervention. There were no significant changes in secondary outcomes. Conclusion: An exergame cycling programme may lead to improvement in cardiovascular fitness in youth with CP. This study was limited by small sample size and lack of a comparison group. Future research is warranted.
Development of Misoprostol Suppositories for Postpartum Hemorrhage

Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue used to prevent and treat gastric ulcers. It has been commonly used in gynecology and obstetrics, especially for the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). For this purpose, 1000 μg intrarectal (insertion of five 200 μg tablets) has been recommended as the third line after injectable oxytocin and methylergometrine. We proposed to manufacture a 1000 μg misoprostol suppository by determining formulation, release and stability. The administration facility was also evaluated. Several formulations of misoprostol suppositories were set up and evaluated. Misoprostol tablets and lipophilic bases (Hard fat—Adeps solidus Ph. Eur., Witepsol? H15 and Suppocire? AM and AS2X) were used to obtain suppositories. Surfactants were also tested (polysorbates Tween? 20, Tween? 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)). The formula was monitored by the misoprostol release curve with an in vitro test and dosed by a HPLC method. Stability was determined by evaluating the percentage of misoprostol content remaining over the time in suppositories stored at 4℃ and 25℃. Facility of use versus tablets was evaluated by obstetricians of a Swiss regional hospital using a questionnaire. Misoprostol release was facilitated by adding surfactant to the lipophilic base. After 30 minutes, 59% ± 1.4% and 57% ± 8.2% of misoprostol was released with Adeps solidus + 1% SLS and Adeps solidus + 5% Tween 20 respectively. SLS was discarded to the final formula because of its irritating effect. After 7 months, suppositories still contained 94% ± 3.7% misoprostol with storage at 4℃. The administration was considered easier and faster compared with intra rectal use of tablets. The formula, consisting of 5 crushed misoprostol tablets dispersed in a suppository base made of Adeps solidus + 5% Tween? 20, is stable for at least 7 months at 4? C and facilitates the rectal administration of misoprostol in the treatment of PPH.