Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling Earthquake Ground Motions by Stochastic Method

The prediction of earthquake ground motions in accordance with recorded observations from past events is the core business of engineering seismology. An attenuation model presents values of parameters characterising the intensities and properties of ground motions estimated of projected earthquake scenarios (which are expressed in terms of magnitude and distance). Empirical attenuation models are developed from regression analysis of recorded strong motion accelerograms. In situations where strong motion data are scarce the database of records has to cover a very large area which may be an entire continent (eg. Ambrasey model for Europe) or a large part of a continent (eg. Toro model for Central & Eastern North America) in order that the size of the database has statistical significance (Toro et al., 1997; Ambrasey, 1995). Thus, attenuation modelling based on regression analysis of instrumental data is problematic when applied to regions of low and moderate seismicity. This is because of insufficient representative data that has been collected and made available for model development purposes.
Intrinsic Carrier Mobility of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites

Cesium lead halides in the perovskite crystal structure are promising absorbers to enable cheap, high-performance photovoltaics or light-emitting devices. Using first-principles calculations plus Boltzmann transport theory, the authors report an intrinsic limit on the room-temperature carrier mobility of CsPb${X}_{3}$ that is due to scattering via electron-phonon coupling. Using different halides $X$ in the compound can change the mobility by a factor of 3---5, because of the change in electronic effective mass, as well as the scattering rate. This insight should impact the engineering of optoelectronic devices based on these perovskites.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Kaiser, Miller / REACTING TO IMPENDING DISCRIMINATION Reacting to Impending Discrimination: Compensation for Prejudice and Attributions to Discrimination

This experiment tested the hypothesis that stigmatized people attempt to compensate for or overcome the effects of prejudice on social interactions. In an adaptation of Ruggiero and Taylor’s minimization of discrimination design, the authors informed 134 women either prior to or after completing a task that there was some chance that a prejudiced man would evaluate them. The women who were forewarned about prejudice compensated for this threat by distancing themselves from traditional feminine stereotypes relative to the women who learned about prejudice only after the experimental task was completed. However, the overall impression created by the women who were forewarned about prejudice suffered in this process. In addition, the authors did not replicate the minimization of discrimination finding. Regardless of when the women learned about prejudice, those who faced certain and possible prejudice were equally likely to attribute failing feedback to discrimination.
An assessment on the prevalence and correlates of psychological morbidity in 2nd-year undergraduate medical students in a medical college in Odisha

Introduction: Stress perceived by medical undergraduate students is a matter of concern. Sustained stress can lead to various psychological disorders like; withdrawal behavior, suicidal ideation and constant anxiety. Therefore it is essential that perceived stress must be resolved timely so as to avoid any untoward incidents among the medical students. Objective: To study the correlation of perceived stress and various socio-demographic variables in 2 year undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross–sectional study was carried out in 2 year undergraduate medical students in a medical college, and hospital in Odisha. A total of 107 students participated in the study. The SRQ-20, questionnaire of WHO was used to collect data on stress. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participating students, after ensuring them of the confidentiality, and anonymity of the study. Results: Analysis showed 40.19% of students had stress, the gender distribution of stress being 25.23% for females and 14.96% for males. The stress level as per residence was found in dayscholars to be 52.62% as compared to hostilities to be 37.49%; and students from joint family to be 49.99% as compared to students from Nuclear family as 37.62%. A total of 43.82% of students who are unable to cope with vastness of MBBS course, were stressed compared to 56.15% of students who were not stressed, despite being unable to cope with MBBS syllabus. Conclusion: The fact that a substantial proportion of students are stressed, timely intervention, to prevent any untoward incidents among the students must be carried out.
The Effect of Tuition Fees on Student Enrollment and Location Choice – Interregional Migration, Border Effects and Gender Differences

This paper investigates the effects of tuition fees on the university enrollment and location decision of high school graduates in Germany. After a Federal Constitutional Court decision in 2005, 7 out of 16 German federal states introduced tuition fees for higher education. In the empirical analysis, we use the variation over time and across regions in this institutional change in order to isolate the causal effect of tuition fees on student enrollment and migration. Controlling for a range of regional- and university-specific effects, our results from Difference-in-Differences estimations show that there is generally no effect of tuition fees on internal enrollment rates. However, we find a redirecting effect on first-year students‘ migratory behavior as indicated by a signicant drop in the gross in-migration rates in fee-charging states. Further, our results point at a stronger migration response of male students, which, however, can mainly be attributed to a “border effect”. That is, interregional migration flows of male students are redirected from fee-charging universities to those universities that are geographically close by while being located in a non-charging neighboring state. Controlling for these border effects, the relocating trend in long-distance migration of university freshmen does not show any particular gender differences.
Internet traffic modeling and forecasting using non-linear time series model GARCH

Forecasting of network traffic plays a very important role in many domains such as congestion control, adaptive applications, network management and traffic engineering. Characterizing the traffic and modeling are necessary for efficient functioning of the network. A good traffic model should have the ability to capture prominent traffic characteristics, such as long-range dependence (LRD), self-similarity, and heavy-tailed distribution. Because of the persistent dependence, modeling LRD time series is a challenging task. In this thesis, we propose a non-linear time series model, Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) of order p and q, with innovation process generalized to the class of heavy-tailed distributions. The GARCH model is an extension of the AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model, has been used in many financial data analysis. Our model is fitted on a real data from the Abilene Network which is a high-performance Internet-2 backbone network connecting research institutions with 10Gbps bandwidth links. The analysis is done on 24 hours data of three different links aggregated every 5 minutes. The orders are selected based on the minimum modified Akaike Information Criterion (AICC) using Introduction to Time Series Modeling (ITSM) tool. For our model the best minimum order was found to be (1,1). The goodness of fit is evaluated based on the Q-Q (t-distributed) plot and the ACF plot of the residuals and our results confirm the goodness of fit of our model. The forecast analysis is done using a simple one-step prediction. The first 24 hrs of the data set are used as the training part to model the traffic; the next 24 hrs are used for performing the forecast and the comparison. The actual traffic data and the predicted traffic data is compared to evaluate the performance of the model. Based on the prediction error the performance metrics are evaluated. A comparative study of GARCH model with other existing models is performed and our results confirms the simplicity and the better performance of our model. The complexity of the model is measured based on the number of parameters to be estimated. From this study, the GARCH model is found to have the ability to forecast aggregated traffic but further investigation need to be conducted on a less aggregated traffic. Based on the forecast model developed from the GARCH model, we also intend to develop a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm as a future work.
Petschek‐type magnetic reconnection exhausts in the solar wind well inside 1 AU: Helios

[1] Petschek-type reconnection exhausts can be recognized in solar wind plasma and magnetic field data as accelerated or decelerated plasma flows confined to magnetic field reversal regions. Using that characteristic signature, we have identified 28 reconnection exhausts in the Helios 1 and 2 data, thus extending observations of exhausts associated with local, quasi-stationary reconnection in the solar wind inward to heliocentric distances of 0.31 AU. Most of the exhaust jets identified in the Helios data had the same general physical character as solar wind exhausts observed at greater heliocentric distances and latitudes by ACE, Wind, and Ulysses. The magnitude of the velocity changes from outside to inside the exhausts was generally comparable to, but somewhat less than (by a factor of 0.75 on average), the inflow Alfven speeds. In a few of the Helios events, plasma number densities within the exhausts were intermediate to densities observed immediately outside, indicating that transitions from outside to inside the exhausts were not always slow-mode-like on both sides. We have identified pairs of closely spaced, but independent, reconnection exhausts bounding regions where the heliospheric magnetic field folded back toward the Sun. We find that plasma and magnetic field conditions in the high-speed wind from coronal holes are not generally favorable for sustained magnetic reconnection and for the formation and propagation of Petschek-type exhausts. Finally, we have not yet identified reconnection events common to both spacecraft, partially because of a relative lack of times when high data rate observations were available from both spacecraft.
Strategy implementation: What is the failure rate?

Abstract It is often claimed that 50–90% of strategic initiatives fail. Although these claims have had a significant impact on management theory and practice, they are controversial. We aim to clarify why this is the case. Towards this end, an extensive review of the literature is presented, assessed, compared and discussed. We conclude that while it is widely acknowledged that the implementation of a new strategy can be a difficult task, the true rate of implementation failure remains to be determined. Most of the estimates presented in the literature are based on evidence that is outdated, fragmentary, fragile or just absent. Careful consideration is advised before using current estimates to justify changes in the theory and practice. A set of guiding principles is presented for assisting researchers to produce better estimates of the rates of failure.
The Challenge of Reducing International Trade and Migration Barriers

While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing them, but the worst of the merchandise barriers (in agriculture and textiles) are particularly harmful to the world's poorest people, as are barriers to worker migration across borders. This paper focuses on how costly those anti-poor trade policies are, and examines possible strategies to reduce remaining distortions. Two opportunities in particular are addressed: completing the Doha Development Agenda process at the World Trade Organization (WTO), and freeing up the international movement of workers. A review of the economic benefits and adjustment costs associated with these opportunities provides the foundation to undertake benefit/cost analysis required to rank this set of opportunities against those aimed at addressing the world's other key challenges as part of the Copenhagen Consensus project. The paper concludes with key caveats and suggests that taking up these opportunities could generate huge social benefit/cost ratios that are considerably higher than the direct economic ones quantified in this study, even without factoring in their contribution to alleviating several of the other challenges identified by that project, including malnutrition, disease, poor education and air pollution.
Evaluation of the Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of dust aerosol over the ocean during PRIDE

[1] The Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE) took place in Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico from 26 June to 24 July 2000 to study the radiative and physical properties of African dust aerosol transported into the region. PRIDE had the unique distinction of being the first major field experiment to allow direct comparison of aerosol retrievals from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with Sun photometer and in situ aerosol measurements. Over the ocean the MODIS algorithm retrieves aerosol optical depth (AOD) as well as information about the aerosols' size distribution. During PRIDE, AODs derived by MODIS in the red wavelengths (0.66 μm) compare closely with Sun photometers. However, MODIS-derived AODs are too large in the blue and green wavelengths (0.47 and 0.55 μm) and too small in the near infrared (0.87 μm). This error in AOD spectral dependence results in retrieved particle size distributions that are small compared to in situ measurements and smaller still when compared to Sun photometer sky radiance inversions. The differences in size distributions may be, in part, associated with MODIS' simplification of dust as spherical particles. Analysis of this PRIDE data set is a first step toward derivation of realistic models for future MODIS retrievals.
Plasticity in maturity and fecundity of yellow perch , Perca flavescens ( Mitchill ) : comparisons of stunted and normal-growing populations

Although numerous studies have dealt with the biology and ecology of perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill and P. fluviatilis L.), relatively little information exists on the fecundity and age at maturation of these species, particularly P. flavescens. From both a basic ecological and a management perspective it is, however, important to know whether gonadal production is divided into many or few eggs in order to better understand the dynamics of perch populations and to obtain more reliable estimates of early juvenile mortality. Fecundity may vary greatly between (Tsai & Gibson 1971, Thorpe 1977a) and Plasticity in maturity and fecundity of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill): comparisons of stunted and normal-growing populations
Cavity-Enhanced Single-Photon Source Based on the Silicon-Vacancy Center in Diamond

Single-photon sources are an integral part of various quantum technologies, and solid-state quantum emitters at room temperature appear to be a promising implementation. We couple the fluorescence of individual silicon-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds to a tunable optical microcavity to demonstrate a single-photon source with high efficiency, increased emission rate, and improved spectral purity compared to the intrinsic emitter properties. We use a fiber-based microcavity with a mode volume as small as 3.4 lambda(3) and a quality factor of 1.9 x 10(4) and observe an effective Purcell factor of up to 9.2. Furthermore, we study modifications of the internal rate dynamics and propose a rate model that closely agrees with the measurements. We observe lifetime changes of up to 31%, limited by the finite quantum efficiency of the emitters studied here. With improved materials, our achieved parameters predict single-photon rates beyond 1 GHz.
Endogenous Growth and Real Effects of Monetary Policy: R&D and Physical Capital Complementarities in a Cash-in-Advance Economy

We study the real long-run effects of inflation and of the structural stance of monetary policy in the context of a monetary model of R&D-driven endogenous growth complemented with physical capital accumulation. We look into the effects on a set of real macroeconomic variables that have been of interest to policymakers – the economic growth rate, the real interest rate, the physical investment rate, R&D intensity, and the velocity of money –, and which have been analysed from the perspective of different, separated, strands of the theoretical and empirical literature. Additionally, we analyse the theoretical predictions of our model as regards the effects of inflation on the effectiveness of real industrial policy shocks and on the market structure, assessed namely by the average firm size, and present novel cross-country evidence on the empirical relationship between the latter and the long-run inflation rate.
Effectiveness - NTU data and analysis for air conditioning and refrigeration air coils

A simulation program based on a control volume analysis has been used in the evaluation of the (e, NTU) relationship for coils of complex geometry and flow arrangement. The simulation program has been evaluated through simple geometry and flow arrangement coils. The program results compare very well with correlations for simple cross flow coils, and a number of rows up to four. It has also been determined that closed form correlations developed for coils of an infinite number of tube rows are inadequate for those with number of rows in the range between 5 and 10. In addition, it has been found that closed form (e, NTU) correlations for cross flow coils with the same tube arrangement and number of rows might lead to inaccuracies higher than 10% in the evaluation of the effectiveness of coils of complex flow arrangement.
Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange responses of maize seedlings to saline-alkaline stress.

DENG, C. N. , G. X. ZHANG, X. L. PAN and K. Y. ZHAO, 2010. Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange responses of maize seedlings to saline-alkaline stress. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 16: 49-58 Responses of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and chlorophyll content of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under combined salinity-alkalinity stress were examined. Investigation revealed that the net photosynthesis rate (P n ) and stomatal conductance (g s ) decreased rapidly with increasing of salinity-alkalinity stress. The intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ) decreased at low salinity-alkalinity and increased at high salinity-alkalinity. The maximal efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (F V /F M ) decreased only at high salinity-alkalinity. The comprehensive photosynthesis performance index (PI ABS ) gradually decreased with increasing of salinity-alkalinity concentration. The JIP test showed that the electric transfer of donor side and acceptor side of PSII in maize seedlings were inhibited by high salinity-alkalinity stress. Stomatal limitation is the main reason of decreased photosynthesis rate at low salinity-alkalinity, and non-stomatal limitation, i.e. decreased photosynthesis activity in PSII plays an important role in decreased photosynthesis rate at high salinity-alkalinity.
Horizon Content Knowledge in the Work of Teaching: A Focus on Planning

Horizon content knowledge, one component of Ball et al.’s mathematical knowledge for teaching framework (e.g., Ball, Thames, & Phelps, 2008), has yet to reach adequate clarity and consensus in the field. Recently, various scholars have worked to further conceptualize and describe the mathematical horizon (e.g., Jakobsen, Thames & Ribeiro, 2013; Figueiras et al., 2011; Zazkis & Mamolo, 2011). In this communication, we identify some limitations in the ways such knowledge has thus far been described and offer an additional form of potential impact of horizon content knowledge on the work of teaching. The imagery of the mathematical horizon is particularly pertinent and, we believe, a powerful metaphor for teaching. Teachers need to know not just the current mathematical landscape; they also need to have a broad perspective of the discipline and a sense of what is still to come. Ball, Thames and Phelps (2008) originally described horizon content knowledge as:
Systematic Review of Environmental Burden of Disease in Canada

a E Risk Sciences, LLP environmental, lifestyle, and occupational risk factors has been recognized for many years. In a landmark study by Doll and Peto, the percentage of avoidable cancer deaths attributable to different risk factors, in the United States, was estimated; this represented one of the first attempts to quantify the relationship between risk factors and health outcomes. Similarly, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study was one of the first global efforts to evaluate premature mortality and disability from a large number of diseases and injuries due to a variety of population exposures. Since then, a number of global, regional, and national burden of disease and EBD studies have been conducted.
New Trend in the Development of ME-TVC Desalination System

Several low temperature Multi-Effect Thermal Vapor Compression (ME-TVC) desalination units have been installed recently in most of the GCC countries. The total installed capacity has increased up to 500 million imperial gallons per day (MIGD) between 2000 and 2010 as shown in (Table 1). The majority of these units were commissioned in the UAE by SIDEM Company. The unit size capacities of these units were increased exponentially from 1 to 8.5 (MIGD) between 1991 and 2008 as shown in Fig.1. The new trend of combining ME-TVC with conventional multi-effect units led to this tremendous increase, more than eight times, during a very short period. Moreover, the unit size capacity of this technology is currently available with 10 MIGD, and it is expected to increase up to 15 MIGD in the near future. Hence, this system has become highly attractive and competitive against Multi Stage Flash (MSF) desalination system and it is predicted to get a considerable increase in the desalination market in future, particularly, in the GCC countries because it includes the following attractive features: Operates at lower top brine temperature around 60 to 70 oC compared to 90 to 120 oC in the MSF, and this reduces the scale formation, corrosion problems, anti-scalant chemicals and maintenance shutdown time (Darwish & Alsairafi, 2004). Requires less pumping energy than MSF (1.5~2 kW/m3 compared to 4~5 kW/m3), because there is no need to re-circulate large quantities of brine as in MSF system. Produces higher gain output ratios (GOR) up to 16 with less number of effects compared to 8 GOR and 21 stages in the MSF (Wade, 2001). Uses falling film horizontal tube evaporator (HTE), which gives high heat transfer coefficient and reduces the needed heat transfer area and consequently the capital cost of the desalination plant (Reddy & Ghaffour, 2007). Better response to steam supply variation, so, it has more flexibility of operation than MSF (Darwish & Alsairafi, 2004). Table1 shows that ME-TVC technology is gaining more market shares recently in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Qatar with a total installed capacity of 60 MIGD, 176 MIGD and 63 MIGD, respectively.