Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Analysis in Depth Measurement of Stereo Vision System for Sensor Fusion

In this paper, the geometry of uncertainty in depth measurement of stereo vision system is analyzed and visualized. A CCD sensor of the camera has a minimum unit called a pixel. Based on the pinhole camera, the camera's pixels pass through the lens and contain the most noticeable information among objects in a rectangle that increases in proportion to the distance. Also, in a stereo vision system composed of two or more cameras, the vertices of the pixels of each camera pass through the lens of the camera and contact each other to form a polygon. So, we call this polygon a uncertainty area, because human beings can’t determine the exact position when a noticeable object moves within this polygon. Therefore, the core of this research is to determine the shape and size of the uncertainty area in the depth measurement of the stereo vision system made up of cameras, and the ultimate goal of this research is to obtain uncertainty information in the depth measurement of the stereo vision system and apply it to sensor fusion. 
Fatigue life estimation of aluminium alloy reinforced with SiC particulates in annealed conditions

The use of SiC particulate-reinforced aluminium alloy composites (MMCs) as a substitute of monolithic aluminium alloys in structural applications, especially in the aerospace and automobile industry, is becoming increasingly attractive. This is due to their superior strength, and stiffness, which is combined with their good performance in low cycle fatigue, corrosion fatigue and wear. In this work the fatigue behaviour of silicon carbide (SiCP) reinforced A359 aluminium alloy matrix composite is described, considering its microstructure, and thermomechanical properties. A variety of heat treatments have been performed for the 20 vol. % SiCp composite, which resulted in different mechanical behaviour of the material. The fatigue behaviour was monitored and the corresponding S-N curves were experimentally derived for all heat treatments. Τhe fatigue strength of silicon carbide (SiCP) reinforced A359 aluminium alloy matrix composites has been reported to be mainly influenced by the thermomechanical processing history of the composite. Subsequent microscopical studies revealed that the thermally tailored microstructure dominates the macroscopic behaviour of the composites via precipitation hardening, phase segregations which affect the particle-matrix interfacial strength.
The Weight of History: Does Family History Influence Men's Perceptions of Risk and Prostate Cancer Screening Decisions

The benefits of early detection screening for prostate cancer are still unclear and current screening guidelines recommend that men make an informed, personal decision based on an understanding of the risks, benefits, and uncertainties associated with screening. Men with a first-degree family history of prostate cancer are at more than double the risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer than are men without a family history. However, contrary to predictions put forward in previous research, although men with a family history of prostate cancer report greater risk perceptions and prostate cancer screening behaviour, increased risk perceptions do not predict screening. Previous research on how men with a family history of prostate cancer integrate heightened familial risk information into what is already a complex health decision has neglected to examine how men understand, combine, and weigh information about prostate cancer risk and the uncertainties of early detection screening to reach their decisions. The aim of the current thesis was to address these issues by applying three major theoretical models of judgement and decision-making to examine prostate cancer screening decisions for men with a family history and comparing their decisional process with that of men without a family history.
Prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in a specified population of district Yamunanagar, Haryana, India

Objective: To assess the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis and associated risk factors in 15–30-year-old school/college-going adolescent population/adults in district Yamunanagar, Haryana, India. Methodology: A total of 3875 individuals from 12 schools and 6 colleges of 6 blocks of district Yamunanagar were assessed on random basis in two stages. The first stage included assessment of risk factors and any systemic illnesses and periodontal assessment. In the second stage, complete periodontal and radiographic examination including bitewing examination of the molar region and periapical examination of incisor regions was carried out for the confirmation of aggressive periodontitis. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square and Fisher's exact test was applied to find the association between different variables. The overall model was tested by the Chi-square test and goodness of fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: In the present study, 2043 participants were male and 1832 were female while 6 participants (2 males and 4 females) were found to be affected with aggressive periodontitis, thus giving the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in the present study of 0.15% (95% confidence interval: 0.05%–0.34%) with female: male ratio of 2:1. Religion, socioeconomic status, diet, method and frequency of tooth cleaning, and smoking/tobacco were not significantly associated with aggressive periodontitis. Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the existing lifestyle trends, attitude, and oral hygiene behavior of children/young adolescents and their association with the progression of disease.
Coasting of pelagic thresher sharks, alopias pelagicus, in comparison to two other species of the same ecomorphotype, and the limitation of video capturing in natural settings

Burst-and-coast is a widespread swim behavior among teleosts, but not so for sharks. Coasting seems to occur only rarely among sharks and even then rather sporadically and only among nonbenthic sharks. One of the shark species for which coasting seems to occur more frequently is the pelagic thresher shark, Alopias pelagicus (Nakamura). Compared to oceanic whitetip sharks, Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey), and blue sharks, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus), two members of the same ecomorphotype, the macropelagic sharks, pelagic threshers, coast significantly longer, p < 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively, averaging 29.4 seconds per coasting phase (SE = 2.8, 14 Erich Kurt Ritter N = 62). The most striking feature among pelagic threshers during these gliding phases is the decrease of the tail’s heterocercal angle from 36.6o to 23.3o. This tail drop brings the caudal fin’s upper lobe below the level of the first dorsal fin’s tip, effectively reducing drag, further enhancing energy saving while coasting. This study summarizes the first detailed information on swim habits of pelagic thresher sharks, in comparison to oceanic whitetip and blue sharks, gathered through direct observation under natural conditions, and highlights the problems of video capturing in natural settings.
CHEMISTRY AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AJWAIN SEED ( Trachyspermum ammi L . ) ESSENTIAL OIL

The present investigation deals with Chemistry and antioxidant potential of ajwain seed (Trachyspermum ammi L.) essential oil. The seeds of ajwain were subjected to hydrodistillation using Dean-Stark apparatus to isolate essential oil. The essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and a total of 47 compounds were identified. Thymol, a monoterpenoid was found to be the major compound present in the ajwain seed essential oil; other compounds were γ-terpinene, isobornyl isobutyrate, p-cymene, α-pinene, β-pinene etc. Thymol was isolated from ajwain seed essential oil by column chromatography which was chemically transformed into thymyl acetate and thymyl propyl ether. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The ajwain seed oil was partitioned into non-polar and polar fractions by column chromatography. Methanol, dichloromethane and hexane extracts were prepared by refluxing of ajwain seeds in different solvents separately using soxhlet extraction method. Ajwain seed essential oil, its non-polar and polar fractions, different extracts, thymol and its derivatives were tested for their antioxidant potential at various concentrations viz.0. 05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg ml -1 respectively. The antioxidant potential of the tested components was evaluated using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ), hydroxyl (OH • ), nitric oxide (NO • ), superoxide (O2 •) radical scavenging methods and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The antioxidant activity was expressed in terms of percentage inhibition. In addition to this total phenolic and flavonoid content in extracts and ajwain seed oil was also estimated. Methanol extract was found to be most active as compared to the other tested components. The antioxidant activity increased with increase in concentration. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was also found to be higher in methanol extract as compared to others.
RESPONSE SURFACE MODELING OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES INACTIVATION ON LETTUCE TREATED WITH ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING WATER

Electrolyzed oxidizing water has been estimated that it has strong bactericidal activity and has been widely used as a disinfectant for inactivating microbial organisms. The combined effects of temperature (15–35C), chlorine concentration of electrolyzed oxidizing water (30–70 ppm) and treatment time (1–5 min) on the reduction of Listeria monocytogenes in lettuce were investigated. Reductions of 1.39–2.79 log10 cfu/g were observed in different combinations of the three factors. Also, a quadratic equation for L. monocytogenes inactivation kinetic was developed by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology. The predicted values were shown to be significantly in good agreement with experimental values because the adjusted determination coefficient () was 0.9578 and the level of significance was P < 0.0001. Besides, average mean deviation (E%), bias factor (Bf) and accuracy factor (Af), which are validation indicators of the model were 0.0218, 1.0003 and 1.0220, respectively. Thus, predicted model showed a good correlation between the experimental and predicted values, indicating success at providing reliable predictions of L. monocytogenes growth in lettuce. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Electrolyzed oxidizing water is an important sanitizer, and nowadays it has been widely used in food industry. Lettuce is regarded as a “healthier” food, which is one of the most popular vegetables consumed, whereas many outbreaks caused by L. monocytogenes have been reported until now. According to the model developed in this study, inactivation of L. monocytogenes in lettuce treated with EO water could be predicted by inputting a certain group of environmental factors.
Amortized Bayesian Meta-Learning

Meta-learning has proven to be a successful strategy in attacking problems in supervised learning and reinforcement learning that involve small amounts of data. State-of-the-art solutions involve learning an initialization and/or learning algorithm using a set of training episodes so that the meta-learner can generalize to an evaluation episode quickly. These methods perform well but often lack good quantiﬁcation of uncertainty, which can be vital to real-world applications when data is lacking. We propose a meta-learning method which efﬁciently amortizes hierarchical variational inference across tasks, learning a prior distribution over neural network weights so that a few steps of Bayes by Backprop will produce a good task-speciﬁc approximate posterior. We show that our method produces good uncertainty estimates on contextual bandit and few-shot learning benchmarks
Variability for salt tolerance in a collection of Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense during early growth stages

Our aim was to investigate variability for salt tolerance in a collection of Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense of INTA EEA Rafaela, Argentina. Panicum coloratum is a C4 perennial grass to be potentially used to increase forage production in areas affected by abiotic factors which reduce their productivity. We evaluated the response of half-sib families from different accessions to increasing salt concentrations under growth chamber conditions. Germination percentage (GP), GP (% of control) and index of germination decreased with increasing salinity, while mean germination time increased (P˂0.001). After being exposed to saline conditions ungerminated seeds were able to recover in distilled water and many germinated. Salt tolerance was more variable between families within accessions than between accessions in all evaluated variables. At the seedling stage, morphological and physiological variables allowed differentiation among families on the basis of salt tolerance. Molecular characterization by ISSR molecular markers demonstrated variability within parent material and grouped families by accessions. A positive but low correlation between morphological and molecular distances was detected (r = 0.24; P = 0.032). Nonetheless, even after selection, enough molecular variability remained within tolerant families grouped by principal components analysis. In summary, materials of P. coloratum var. makarikariense from INTA EEA Rafaela showed both morphological and genetic variability for salinity tolerance and the contrasting genotypes could be used as parent materials to conduct breeding studies to improve salt tolerance in this species.
The Canadian Meteorological Centre's Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modelling Suite

Abstract This paper describes the integrated suite of Lagrangian transport and dispersion models in operation at the Canadian Meteorological Centre. These models have been in use for several years and are applied to many types of environmental emergencies covering spatial scales from the very local to the global. The Modèle Lagrangien Courte Distance (MLCD) is used for atmospheric spills of the order of a few kilometres. The Modèle Lagrangien de dispersion de particules d'ordre 1 (MLDP1) is normally used for events affecting areas less than 100 km; Modèle Lagrangien dispersion de particules d'ordre zéro (MLDP0) is used for events of continental and global consequences. The Modèle Lagrangien dispersion de particules mode mixte (MLDPmm) alternates between first-order and zeroth-order depending on criteria specified by the user. The theoretical bases of the models are presented, and the main algorithms used in their implementation are discussed. Modelling of the diffusion processes is based on a stochastic differential equation with the assumption of quasi-stationary Gaussian turbulence, locally homogeneous in the horizontal. The practical aspects of the operational implementation are also described. Using these models, results from simulations of real cases on scales ranging from the very local, to a few kilometres, to regional (approximately 100 km) to continental (approximately 1000 km) and to global (approximately 10,000 km) are compared and validated with available observational data.
Turbulence and feeding behaviour affect the vertical distributions of Oithona similis and Microsetella norwegica

The small copepods Oithona similis and Microsetella norwegica are often numerically abundant and widely distributed, but the factors controlling their vertical distributions and role in carbon cycling are yet unknown. Here we examined the vertical distributions of copepods during spring and summer in the Skagerrak and during autumn in the North Sea with respect to different physiochemical factors including turbulent dissipation rate. The ambush feeder O. similis numeri- cally dominated the copepod community; they were located in the layers with high microzooplank- ton abundance. M. norwegica were dominant in the Skagerrak and were observed within or just below the pycnocline; they are assumed to feed on sinking detrital aggregates. Both copepods use remote detection of either hydromechanical (O. similis) or chemical signals (M. norwegica) generated by the prey and both species migrated to deeper depths in response to elevated surface turbulence. The potential effect of turbulence on both types of feeding is theoretically shown to be negative and we suggest a turbulent dissipation rate in the range 10 -7 to 10 -6 m 2 s -3 as a threshold triggering the observed avoidance responses.
Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Sogn og Fjordane

Background : Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane. Methods: In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. Results: There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55- year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women. Conclusions: These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane.
X-ray time delays in the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1244+026

We analyse the X-ray time-lags in the narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy PG 1244+026 (MBH ∼ 107 M⊙, L/LEdd ∼ 1). The time delay between the soft (0.3–0.7 keV) and harder (1.2–4.0 keV) variations shows the well-established switch from hard lags at low frequencies to soft lags at high frequencies. The low-frequency hard lags are qualitatively consistent with the propagation of fluctuations model, with some long-time-scale response of the reflection component. The high-frequency soft lag appears to extend over a wide frequency band, that we divide this into two narrow frequency ranges, and examine the lag as a function of energy for each of these. At high frequencies the soft excess emission is delayed with respect to the harder energy bands, without any corresponding strong, hard X-ray reflection signature. At even higher frequencies a soft lag is seen at the softest energies, as well as tentative evidence for an iron Kα reverberation signal. These results point to the importance of reprocessing as well as reflection in determining the lags in NLS1s.
The Fama and French Five Factor Model: Evidence from an Emerging Market

This study tests the five-factor model that has recently developed by Fama and French (2015). We use daily data of 84 companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period (2011-2015). The results indicate that there is a statistically significant effect of the common risk factors, excess market return (Rm-Rf), small minus big (SMB), high minus low (HML), robust minus weak (RMW) and conservative minus aggressive (CMA) on the cross section of daily returns in ASE. However, the Fama and French five factor model fails to perfectly explain the cross section of stock returns in ASE over the study period. These results could be mainly justified by the fact that ASE is an emerging market in which many unexpected factors apart from fundamentals may interfere in affecting stock returns.
Measurement of Physical Activity in Adults with Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review

There is little consensus about measurement of physical activity in adults with muscular dystrophy. This systematic review summarizes evidence for measurement properties of direct and indirect measures of physical activity in adults with muscular dystrophy. A two-phase search for peer-reviewed articles identified firstly, studies which measured physical activity in this population and secondly, studies reporting the measurement properties of activity measures. Methodological quality was assessed using COSMIN guidelines and a best evidence synthesis conducted. Phase 1 included 53 studies identifying 63 measures including accelerometers, direct observation, heartrate monitors, calorimetry, positional sensors, activity diaries, single scales and questionnaires. Phase 2 included 26 studies of measurement properties for 32 measures. Methodological quality of the included studies was low, only 2 were rated good. There was insufficient evidence to robustly recommend any physical activity measures and further research is required to validate measures of physical activity for adults with muscular dystrophy. Based on the findings of this review, measures with potential for further study have been highlighted.
Chemometric analysis of aerosol mass spectra: exploratory methods to extract and classify anthropogenic aerosol chemotypes

Chemometric analysis of aerosol mass spectra: exploratory methods to extract and classify anthropogenic aerosol chemotypes Mikko Äijälä, Liine Heikkinen, Roman Fröhlich, Francesco Canonaco, André S.H. Prévôt, Heikki Junninen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Douglas Worsnop and Mikael Ehn 1 Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 5 2 Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland 3 Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and total phenolic content within the leaves essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L. growing wild in Iran

Water-distilled essential oil from the leaves of Artemisia absinthium L. collected from Ardabil, northwestern Iran, was analyzed by Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC and GC-MS). In the leaf oil of A. absinthium, 19 components, which represented 100% of the total composition were identified. 1,8-Cineole (36.46%), borneol (25.99%) and camphor (10.20%) were the major components in this oil. The leaves of A. absinthium was investigated to analyze their antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The present study revealed that the leaf essential oil of A. absinthium indicated significant activity against Candida albicans. Killing kinetics of various microorganisms treated with leaf oil of A. absinthium indicated that C. albicans is the most vulnerable. The total phenol contents of the leaf oil of A. absinthium was determined to be 168.67 ± 9.50 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg sample. Antioxidative properties of the leaves essential oil of A. absinthium was determined by 3 methods: The Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), radical-scavenging capacity of the oil or bleaching of 2,20-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-Carotene-linoleic acid assay. The ferric reducing power of the essential oils was determined to be 10.67 ± 0.45 gallic acid equivalent (mg/g). The leaf essential oil of A. absinthium reduced the concentration of DPPH free radical (61.4 ± 1.4%, 10 mg/ml of essential oil) with an efficacy lower than that of reference oil Thymus x-porlock (69.3% inhibition). IC50 for DPPH radical-scavenging activity was 5.85 μg/ml. In β-carotene-linoleic acid test system, oxidation of linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by A. absinthium oil (58.56 ± 2.5%, amount of essential oil 0.625 mg/ml). The results suggest application of A. absinthium oil as a natural antioxidant agent.