Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Face Processing in Schizophrenia : Deficit in Face Perception or in Recognition of Facial Emotions?

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by social dysfunction. People with schizophrenia misinterpret social information and it is suggested that this difficulty may result from visual processing deficits. As faces are one of the most important sources of social information it is hypothesized that people suffering from the disorder have impairments in the visual face processing system. It is unclear which mechanism of the face processing system is impaired but two types of deficits are most often proposed: a deficit in face perception in general (i.e., processing of facial features as such) and a deficit in facial emotion processing (i.e., recognition of emotional facial expressions). Due to the contradictory evidence from behavioural, electrophysiological as well as neuroimaging studies offering support for the involvement of one or the other deficit in schizophrenia it is early to make any conclusive statements as to the nature and level of impairment. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the key mechanism and abnormalities underlying social dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Sex-specific role of education on the associations of socioeconomic status indicators with obesity risk: A population-based study in South Korea

Background No study of obesity risk for people in developed countries has conducted a multi-dimensional analysis of the association of socioeconomic status with obesity. In this paper, we investigated if education functions as either a confounder or an effect modifier in the association of another socioeconomic status indicator with obesity. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data of an adult population sample (10,905 men and 14,580 women) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2014). The study performed multivariate logistic regression analyses for three education levels and four indicators of socioeconomic status (i.e., marital status, residential area, occupation, and income). Results The overall prevalence of obesity was 38.1% in men and 29.1% in women (p < 0.001). In men, while education functioned as an effect modifier in the association between marital status and obesity (p for interaction = 0.006), it functioned as both a confounder (p < 0.001) and an effect modifier (p for interaction < 0.001) in the association between residential area and obesity. In contrast, in women, education functioned as a confounder in the association of residential area with obesity (p = 0.010). However, it functioned as both a confounder (p < 0.001) and an effect modifier (p for interaction = 0.012) in the association between income and obesity. A prediction showed that unlike in women, education was positively associated with obesity risk for some socioeconomic indicator groups in men; for example, in a rural resident group, a higher level of education increased the probability of being obese by 19.7%. Conclusions The present study suggests the need to examine sex-specific studies regarding the role of education on the association between other socioeconomic status indicators and obesity. This should be considered in planning education policies to reduce the risk of obesity.
Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

Abstract. Little is known about the terrestrial response of high-latitude Scandinavian vegetation to the warmer-than-present climate of the late Pliocene (Piacenzian, 3.60–2.58 Ma). In order to assess Piacenzian terrestrial climate variability, we present the first high-resolution reconstruction of vegetation and climate change in northern Norway between 3.6 and 3.14 Ma. The reconstructions are derived from pollen assemblages in the marine sediments of ODP Hole 642B, Norwegian Sea (67° N). The palynological assemblages provide a unique record of latitudinal and altitudinal shifting of the forest boundaries, with vegetation alternating between cool temperate forest during warmer-than-present intervals and boreal forest similar to today during cooler intervals. The northern boundary of the nemoral to boreonemoral forest zone was displaced at least 4–8° further north, and warmest-month temperatures were 6–14.5 °C higher than at present during warm phases. Warm climatic conditions persisted during the earliest Piacenzian (ca. 3.6–3.47 Ma) with diverse cool temperate nemoral to boreonemoral forests growing in the lowlands of the Scandinavian mountains. A distinct cooling event at ca. 3.47 Ma resulted in a southward shift of vegetation zones, leading to the predominance of boreal forest and the development of open, low alpine environments. The cooling culminated around 3.3 Ma, coinciding with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2. Warmer climate conditions returned after ca. 3.29 Ma, with higher climate variability indicated by the repeated expansion of forests and peatlands during warmer and cooler periods, respectively. Climate progressively cooled after 3.18 Ma, resembling climatic conditions during MIS M2. A high variability of Norwegian vegetation and climate changes during the Piacenzian is superimposed on a long-term cooling trend. This cooling was accompanied by an expansion of Sphagnum peatlands that potentially contributed to the decline in atmospheric CO2 concentrations at the end of the Piacenzian warm period and facilitated ice growth through positive vegetation–snow albedo feedbacks. Correlations with other Northern Hemisphere vegetation records suggest hemisphere-wide effects of climate cooling.
Improved Operation of SiC–BJT-Based Series Resonant Inverter With Optimized Base Drive

New semiconductor technology is enabling the design of more reliable and high performance power converters. In particular, silicon carbide (SiC) technology provides faster switching times, higher operating temperature, and higher blocking voltage. Among the new SiC devices, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) present interesting features in terms of conduction and switching losses. However, one of the main drawbacks is that these devices have low gain, requiring high base current to activate them. As a consequence, the base drive circuit becomes more complex and the final efficiency is decreased. This letter presents an optimized base drive circuit for a zero-voltage switching series resonant inverter. The proposed circuit maximizes the driver efficiency and minimizes the driver current requirements. Moreover, the proposed circuit optimizes the power converter switching conditions, increasing the converter efficiency. The proposed base drive circuit has been tested with a SiC-BJT-based series resonant inverter applied to induction heating.
Optimal sensor placement in parameter estimation of distributed systems

The problem under consideration is to plan the spatial location of pointwise stationary sensors in such a way as to maximize the accuracy of parameter identiﬁcation of a distributed system deﬁned in a two-dimensional spatial domain. A general functional deﬁned on the Fisher information matrix is used as the design criterion. The approach converts the problem to a classical experimental design one in which the idea of continuous designs is exploited. Its solution is obtained with the use of ﬁrst-order numerical algorithms. Two simple numerical examples are presented which clearly demonstrate the ideas and trends presented in the paper.
Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from Canada

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of corporate cash holdings in Canada. This study also seeks to extend the findings of Afza and Adnan (2007). A sample of 166 Canadian firms listed on Toronto Stock Exchange for a period of 3 years (from 2008-2010) was selected. This study applied co-relational and non-experimental research design. The results show that market-to-book ratio, cash flow, net working capital, leverage, firm size, board size, and the CEO (chief executive officer) duality significantly affect the corporate cash holdings in Canada. This study contributes to the literature on the factors that determine the corporate cash holdings. The findings may be useful for the financial managers, investors, and financial management consultants.
Sustainability and Outreach: A Comparative Study of MFIs in South Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean

Previous studies indicate that microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have different operational strategies to MFIs in South Asia (SA). Given the recent emphasis placed on the feasibility of MFIs to achieve the dual goals of outreach and sustainability concurrently, we examine and compare the relationship between sustainability and outreach of MFIs in LAC with MFIs in SA. Our results indicate that trade-offs exist between outreach and sustainability in both regions. However, the severity of trade-off is dependent on which goal MFIs decide to focus on in each region.
Degree of Hydration and Mass Balance Equations for Determination of Mix Proportion of Hardened OPC Concrete

A method for estimating mix proportion of hardened OPC concrete is proposed in this study. A set of mass balance equations was formed to calculate content of concrete compositions including cement, water, sand, and coarse aggregate. The degree of hydration of cement was taken into account in the analysis in order to cover the effect of age of concrete. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, the determination of mix proportion of concrete was conducted on concrete specimens prepared in the laboratory with known mix proportions. Moreover, the mix proportion of concrete at different ages were calculated both with and without consideration of time-dependent degree of hydration in the analysis to clarify the enhanced capability of the proposed method when the effect of age of concrete is considered. It was found from the analytical results that the proposed method could be used to estimate mix proportion of concrete, with a satisfactory precision, at any age. The calculation of mix proportion of hardened concrete with consideration of time-dependent degree of hydration provided less error than that without consideration of the degree of hydration. The percentage of error of the mix proportion prediction of the concrete samples was less than 5%.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and hypothyroidism – an intriguing link

102 Endocrine Oncology and Metabolism Abstract Purpose: Along with increased cancer incidence, there is also an increased use of targeted cancer therapy. One of the most potent classes of targeted therapy drugs are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Several new TKIs have become available in clinical practice after the correlation of sunitinib and hypothyroidism was documented. The aim of this review is to assess all relevant studies regarding clinically approved TKIs, in respect to hypothyroidism as a side-effect, and to investigate the possible predictive value of hypothyroidism in patients taking these drugs. Methods: Drugs that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use are evaluated in this study. In order to identify studies regarding hypothyroidism as a side-effect of TKIs, a systematic PubMed/Medline literature search was conducted. Results: Currently, the FDA has approved 26 different TKIs for use in clinical practice. The total number of yielded PubMed/Medline results was 232. Conclusions: Sunitnib, sorafenib, imatinib, pazopanib, and axitinib are TKIs with a definitive link to hypothyroidism. According to some current studies, patients who develop hypothyroidism during TKI therapy have prolonged progression-free survival. Despite the fact that hypothyroidism is nowadays a well known side-effect of therapy with many different TKIs, there are still no established guidelines for its treatment. Further studies in this area are needed, especially for lesser investigated drugs. It would be prudent to consider routine monitoring of thyroid function in all patients who receive TKIs, and to recommend endocrinological consultation as necessary.
Applying Rogers? Diffusion of Innovation theory to the acceptance of online databases at University Zone of Iran

The introduction of online access to electronic reference materials has changed the forms of information services provided by libraries for their users However, although electronic information sources are collected on a large scale by academic libraries, they are not used in the same scale. The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that affect the adoption and use of online databases. Rogers’ diffusion theory was used to evaluate the effect of perceived innovation attributes of the online databases on the rate of adoption. The survey instrument was distributed to 351 faculty members from the 8th Zone of Islamic Azad University (IAU) in Tehra. This study confirms that the respondents perceived the relative advantage (Correlation Value 0.64), compatibility (Correlation Value 0.65), complexity (Correlation Value -0.57), trialability (Correlation Value 0.31), and observability (Correlation Value 0.53), all are related to adoption and use of online databases. The findings of the present study indicated that 49.28 percent of faculty members were early majority and over 60 percent of the faculty members accepted and used online databases, indicating the acceptance rate is average (3.67).
Formal concept analysis for specification of model transformations

Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a software development methodology that proposes to modelize the applications in a high-level abstraction. The MDE is a generative engineering technique in which models occupy a very important place and must be as consideration sufficiently precise and rich in order to be interpreted or transformed by machines. In MDE context, the model transformation is primordial phase because it defines the automation that is used in the software development process. So in this case, it is necessary to generate transformation rules automatically or semi-automatically to facilitate transformation process. And it is important to propose solutions to define transformation rules without intervening an expert. The focus of this paper is to provide an approach to generate transformation rules from a set of models semi-automatically by using a formal concept analysis (FCA). This analysis is a principled way to derive a concept hierarchy that is used in different disciplines for example in information scince, knowledge discovery and data mining [1].
Efficient utilization of rice-wheat straw to produce value-added composite products.

Although the application of composites can be found back to the mid-nineteenth century, but renewed interest in these materials has been emerged only in the last decade or so. Wood has been the major source of raw material particleboards and fibreboards, but recently, rice-wheat straw( RWS) has gained more attention of researchers to be used as an alternative of wood. In Pakistan the RiceWheat grain production in 2006-07 was 5438 thousand tonnes and 23520 thousand tonnes respectively. For every 4 tonnes of rice or wheat grain, about 6 tonnes of straw is produced. Around 43437 thousand tonnes RWS is produced in Pakistan. RWS is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Use of RWS as a feedstock for producing materials, fuels, and chemicals still has been inadequate due to a number of factors including capital costs, waste streams, energy consumption, production logistics, and the quality of the biomass feedstock. RWS contain a relatively large amount of vessel elements, sclerenchyma fibers, epidermal cells (Dermal tissues) and parenchyma cells as compared to wood. The outer thin waxy layer of RWS lowers their wettability with water based formaldehyde resins. In additional to this, straw has a higher content of hemicelluloses and ash, but a lower content of lignin compared with wood. Particleboards, medium and high density fiberboards like composite materials are mainly manufactured from wood using binders such as acid curing amino-formaldehyde resins, alkaline curing phenol-formaldehyde resins, using polyisocyanate adhesives. Wood-based materials including natural materials and composites are being used as construction materials for long and forest wood has been used in paper and wood-based panels industries. RWS have not been used before for Particleboards, medium and high density fiberboards manufacture with the use of conventional formaldehyde resins like urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins, phenol-formaldehyde (PF). Therefore, the main aim of this study is to review the literature on methods to improve the bondability of straw with conventional resins. The study will help in efficient utilizing wheat and rice straw as an alternate resource for the industrial manufacture of particleboards and fibreboards.
Mathematische Annalen On Bott – Chern forms and their applications

We use Chern–Weil theory for Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles with canonical connections for explicit computation of the Chern forms of trivial bundles with special non-diagonal Hermitian metrics. We prove that every ∂̄∂-exact real form of the type (k, k) on an n-dimensional complex manifold X arises as a difference of the Chern character forms of trivial Hermitian vector bundles with canonical connections, and that modulo Im ∂ + Im ∂̄ every real form of type (k, k), k < n, arises as a Bott– Chern form for two Hermitian metrics on some trivial vector bundle over X . The latter result is a complex manifold analogue of Proposition 2.6 in the paper by Simons and Sullivan (Am Math Soc 11:579–599, 2010). As an application, we obtain an explicit formula for the Bott–Chern form of a short exact sequence of holomorphic vector bundles considered by Bott and Chern (Acta Math 114:71–112, 1965), for the case when the first term is a line bundle. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 32L05 · 32Q · 58A10 The work of L. T. was partially supported by the NSF grants DMS-0705263 and DMS-1005769. V. P. Pingali Department of Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University, 404 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA e-mail: vpingal1@jhu.edu L. A. Takhtajan (B) Department of Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3651, USA e-mail: leontak@math.sunysb. edu L. A. Takhtajan Euler Mathematical Institute, Pesochnaya nab. 10, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia 123 Author's personal copy
Yield Evaluation of 10-kA/cm $^{2}$ Nb Multi-Layer Fabrication Process Using Conventional Superconducting RAMs

To achieve larger scale and higher speed single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits, we have been developing a 10-kA/cm2 Nb multi-layer fabrication process composed of more than six pla- narized Nb layers, an Nb/AlOx /Nb junction layer, a Mo resistor layer, and SiO2 insulator layers. To evaluate reliability of the fabrication process, we have designed superconducting random access memories (RAMs) with four different memory capacities: 256, IK, 4 K, and 16 K bits. Although the circuit configuration of these RAMs is almost the same as that of previously developed ones that have conventional latching devices, we modified the circuit parameters and layout design based on specifications of the new fabrication process. We have obtained operations for the 256-bit RAM with a bit yield of 100%, the lK-bit RAM with a bit yield of 99.8%, and the 4K-bit RAM with a bit yield of 96.7%. The number of defects in the 4K-bit RAM was estimated to be approximately 10. We confirmed that evaluations using the RAMs were effective at detecting defects due to the fabrication process.
Stoichiometry in Inter-Metallic Compounds for Hydrogen Storage Applications

This chapter is devoted to the discussion of the influence of stoichiometry deviation on the structure, gaseous phase hydrogen storage, and electrochemical properties of some important inter-metallic compounds (IMC). First, the hydrogen storage characteristics and other important features of the IMC will be reviewed and then there will be a discussion of the AB5, AB2, A2B7, and AB metal hydride (MH) alloy systems with variations in stoichiometry. The experiments that provide the basis for this chapter’s discussion are described in detail (experimental set-up and chosen parameters) in earlier publications (Young, et al., 2008, 2009a, 2010a).
APEX/SABOCA observations of small-scale structure of infrared-dark clouds I. Early evolutionary stages of star-forming cores ?;??

Infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) harbor the early phases of cluster and high-mass star formation and are comprised of cold (~20 K), dense (n > 104 cm-3) gas. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of IRDCs is dominated by the far-infrared and millimeter wavelength regime, and our initial Herschel study examined IRDCs at the peak of the SED with high angular resolution. Here we present a follow-up study using the SABOCA instrument on APEX which delivers 7.8″ angular resolution at 350 μm, matching the resolution we achieved with Herschel/PACS, and allowing us to characterize substructure on ~0.1 pc scales. Our sample of 11 nearby IRDCs are a mix of filamentary and clumpy morphologies, and the filamentary clouds show significant hierarchical structure, while the clumpy IRDCs exhibit little hierarchical structure. All IRDCs, regardless of morphology, have about 14% of their total mass in small scale core-like structures which roughly follow a trend of constant volume density over all size scales. Out of the 89 protostellar cores we identified in this sample with Herschel, we recover 40 of the brightest and re-fit their SEDs and find their properties agree fairly well with our previous estimates (⟨ T ⟩ ~ 19 K). We detect a new population of 'cold cores' which have no 70 μm counterpart, but are 100 and 160 μm-bright, with colder temperatures (⟨ T ⟩ ~ 16 K). This latter population, along with SABOCA-only detections, are predominantly low-mass objects, but their evolutionary diagnostics are consistent with the earliest starless or prestellar phase of cores in IRDCs.
Effects of Avatar Race in Violent Video Games on Racial Attitudes and Aggression

The media often link Black characters and violence. This is especially true in video games, in which Black male characters are virtually always violent. This research tested the effects of playing a violent game as a Black (vs. White) avatar on racial stereotypes and aggression. In Experiment 1, White participants (N = 126) who played a violent video game as a Black avatar displayed stronger implicit and explicit negative attitudes toward Blacks than did participants who played a violent video game as a White avatar or a nonviolent game as a Black or White avatar. In Experiment 2, White participants (N = 141) who played a violent video game as a Black (vs. White) avatar displayed stronger implicit attitudes linking Blacks to weapons. Implicit attitudes, in turn, related to subsequent aggression. Black violent video game avatars not only make players more aggressive than do White avatars, they also reinforce stereotypes that Blacks are violent.