Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spanish-English Writing Structure Interferences in Second Language Learners

Estudios previos han arrojado algunos resultados con respecto a la forma en la cual los estudiantes de segunda lengua (L2) usan la primera (L1) en la produccion de textos. A partir de esto, el presente estudio analiza la influencia que la expresion escrita, en lengua materna, ejerce sobre la estructura escrita en la lengua extranjera, cuando se les solicita a los estudiantes presentar trabajos escritos en esta. Para responder a este interrogante, se le solicito a 24 estudiantes de primer semestre de UNICA (Universidad Colombo Americana) escribir algunos textos en ingles durante el semestre. Los resultados de este estudio indicaron que la influencia de la primera lengua (L1) puede entorpecer en gran medida el proceso de escritura en la lengua extranjera (L2). Adicionalmente, se identificaron cuatro errores basicos con una influencia directa de la escritura de la primera lengua sobre la segunda lengua; orden de palabras, omision del verbo “to be”, sujeto implicito y el uso incorrecto del articulo “the”. Los errores identificados resultaron principalmente de la influencia de la primera lengua y de la falta de conocimiento de la segunda lengua.
Statistical models for inferring the structure and history of populations from genetic data

Population genetics has enjoyed a long and rich tradition of applying mathematical, computational and statistical methods. The connection between these fields has deepened in the last few decades as advances in genotyping technology have led to an exponential increase in the amount of genetic data allowing fundamental questions involving the nature of genetic variation to be asked. The massive quantities of data have necessitated the development of new mathematical and statistical models along with computational techniques to provide answers to these questions. In this work we address two problems in population genetics by constructing statistical models and analyzing their performance with simulated and real data. The first one concerns the identification of genetic structure in natural populations from molecular data, which is an important aspect in many fields of applied science, including genetic association mapping and conservation biology. We frame it as a problem of clustering and classification and utilize background information to achieve a higher accuracy, when the genetic data is sparse. We develop a computationally efficient method for taking advantage of geographical sampling locations of the individuals. The method is based on the assumption that the spatial structure of the populations correlates strongly with the genetic structure, which has been proven reasonable for human populations. In the assignment of individuals into known populations, we also show how improvements in the efficiency of the inference can be obtained by considering all of the individuals jointly. The result is derived in the context of classification, which is major field of study in machine learning and statistics, making it applicable in a wide range of situations outside population genetics. The other problem involves the reconstruction of evolutionary processes that have resulted in the structure present in current populations. The genetic variation between populations is caused to large extent by genetic drift, which corresponds to random fluctuations in the distribution of a genetic type due to demographic processes. Depending on the genetic marker under study, mutation has only a minor or even negligible role, in contrast with traditional phylogenetic methods, where mutational processes dominate as the time scales are longer. We follow the change in the relative frequencies of different genetic types in populations by deriving approximations to widely used models in population genetics. The direct modeling of population level properties allows the method to be applied data sets harboring thousands of samples, as demonstrated by the analysis of global population structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
School Violence: A Cross Cultural Analysis

This research is part of an international project on disaster management planning for coping with acts of extreme violence in schools. The project was funded by the SSH Research Council of Canada and carried out by an academic team from University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM). In this article, the author seeks to provide some insights on the matter of culture as a root-cause of school related violence, by conducting a cross cultural analysis of five school shooting events. The results show that some cultural factors at national/community/organizational level were among the root-causes of school’s vulnerability to extreme violence. Further, these factors have played an important role in enhancing violence in schools and/or in delaying the intervention process. The results underline potentially critical cultural issues that relevant stakeholders - such as policy makers, educational institutions, communities, and families – should consider in order to proactively and effectively cope with new emerging risks related to extreme violence in schools. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n9p89
Pseudomyxoma peritonei – a report of two cases and a review of the literature

Introduction: PMP is a rare disease with a slow but progressive course leading to death. According to the literature PMP encompass wide variety of conditions. To avoid the confusion and to facilitate the treatment and comparison of the results several authors suggested that the term “PMP” should include only the cases with appendiceal origin. Case report: We report two cases with low-grade paseudomyxoma peritonei. The first case was managed by debulking surgery alone with survival 2 years. The second case underwent complete cytoreduction plus HIPEC and 3 years later is still alive and free of disease. There was one patient with a benign appendiceal mucocele treated by appendectomy, who is free of disease 3 years later. Introduction: PMP is a rare disease with a slow but progressive course leading to death. According to the literature PMP encompass wide variety of conditions. To avoid confusion and to facilitate treatment and comparison of the results several authors suggested that the term “PMP” should include only the cases with appendiceal origin. Case report: We report two cases with low-grade paseudomyxoma peritonei. The first case was managed by debulking surgery alone with survival 2 years. The second case underwent complete cytoreduction plus HIPEC and 3 years later is still alive and free of disease. There was one patient with a benign appendiceal mucocele treated by appendectomy, who is free of disease 3 years later. Conclusion: Despite the high complication rate, cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC remains the gold standard in the treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei. The tumor grade and completeness of cytoreduction are the main prognostic factors. Due to the rarity of the condition most of the surgeons are not experienced enough to manage these patients. Additionally, the incomplete cytoreduction is associated with poorer prognosis and significantly hampers the subsequent interventions. Thus, in the cases when it is found incidentally, the best strategy is the taking of biopsy, appendectomy and subsequent referral to a specialized center for a treatment by multidisciplinary team.
Predictors of Beginning Reading in Chinese and English: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study of Chinese Kindergartners

Ninety Chinese children were tested once at age 4 and again 22 months later on phonological-processing and other reading skills. Chinese phonological-processing skills alone modestly predicted Chinese character recognition, and English letter-name knowledge uniquely predicted reading of both Chinese and English 2 years later. Furthermore, concurrently measured phonological-processing skills in Chinese, but not English, accounted for unique variance in both English and Chinese word recognition. English invented spelling was strongly associated with reading in English only, and orthographic knowledge significantly accounted for unique variance in Chinese reading only. Results suggest both universal and specific characteristics of the development of English word and Chinese character recognition among young native Chinese speakers learning to read English as a second language.
One day we might be no more: Collective angst and protective action from potential distinctiveness loss

Potential loss of group distinctiveness can represent a threat to the existence of a group. Across three studies (Ns = 42, 60, 94), a mediated-moderation model was tested in which the interactive effects of group identification and potential ingroup distinctiveness loss predicts the desire to engage in ingroup protective action to the extent that collective angst (i.e., concern for the ingroup's future vitality) is aroused. It was hypothesized that the threat of potential distinctiveness loss would result in collective angst and subsequent support for protective action among high, but not necessarily low, identified group members. Results provided support for this model within the context of French Canadian distinctiveness from English Canada (Experiment 1, where the outcome measure was the desire for a sovereign Quebec) and Canadian distinctiveness from the United States (Experiments 2 and 3, where the outcome was support for action to protect Canadian sovereignty and rejection of a North American Union respectively). When and why collective angst facilitates ingroup protective action is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CYCLICAL BEHAVIOUR IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

This paper describes a laboratory experiment to study cyclical behaviour of electricity prices in deregulated electricity markets. We observe investment decisions in markets with five-producers, linear demand, and constant marginal costs. The experiment has a four year investment lag and the electricity generating capacity has a life time of 16 years. Oscillatory behaviour results in investment activity and prices. The cyclical tendency is stronger than in previous experimental studies with only one and two period investment lags. Average prices are closer to competitive equilibrium than in previous experiments. The results are consistent with bounded rationality theory; a simple heuristic produces fluctuations similar to those observed when applied in a simulation model. Hence, the results corroborate assumptions made in previous simulation studies.
Trade-off between child labour and schooling in Bangladesh: The role of parents’ education

This paper investigates the effect of child labour on child schooling using the 2002 dataset from the Bangladesh National Child Labour Survey (NCLS). The study provides evidence on the sensitivity of the results to the methodology adopted and the gender of the child. Working hours have an adverse effect on the child’s schooling outcome and the result is robust to the procedure used, but the precise nature of the relationship varies between the parametric and non-parametric approaches. While the former suggests a U-shaped relationship between working hours and child schooling, there is a monotonic and inverse relationship between the two in case of the latter. The study also provides evidence that suggests that the gender of the child affects the nature of the relationship, as do the parental characteristics, especially parental education. These results attain special policy significance in view of the evidence that both parents show a significant preference for educating a female child that appears to be at odds with the picture of gender bias in favour of the male child in South Asia portrayed in the literature. JEL Classification: J13; J22; J24; O12
School variables and mathematics performance among students in Akwa Ibom State

This study examined the extent to which school variables (school location, school type and school proprietorship) relatively and collectively contribute to students’ performance in Mathematics. The hypothesis formulated to guide the study proposed that the independent and interactive effects of the selected school variables on JS 3 students’ performance in Mathematics are not statistically significant. This ex post facto research employed stratified cum simple random sampling technique in selecting a total of 853 students from 20 secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State. The study made use of a researcher developed and standardized instrument: a 40 item Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT). The effect by school variables on students’ performance in Mathematics was analysed using a 2-way factorial ANOVA. The result showed that school proprietorship was the only school variable that exerted a significant effect on students’ performance in Mathematics. School type and school location did not have any effect on Mathematics performance even after being subjected to an interactive analysis. The researcher therefore recommended, among other things, that teaching and learning situations and conditions should be improved in public and rural schools to enable students in these schools compete favourably with their counterparts in private and urban schools.
Structural environment of krypton dissolved in vitreous silica

Abstract X-ray absorption measurements on Kr dissolved homogeneously in vitreous silica (1.97 wt% Kr) have been carried out at the Kr K-edge at 4.5 K, representing the first direct determination of the sites occupied by a noble gas. The presence of EXAFS oscillations shows that the Kr atoms are surrounded by a well-defined shell of nearest neighbors, identified as oxygen atoms. The mean Kr-O distances are 3.45 ± 0.1 Å, based on a simple model of Gaussian disorder, with a Debye-Waller factor of s2 = 0.06 Å2. The large Kr-O distance, which is at the upper limit of the size of the holes existing in vitreous silica, together with the existence of well-defined sites suggests a forced, densely packed environment of oxygen around Kr atoms characteristic of clathrasil surroundings
The Role of Aesthetics Influencing User Satisfaction with Recruitment Websites

A theoretical model of potential job applicants’ and searchers’ satisfaction with a recruitment website is developed. Specifically, the influences of two aspects of a recruitment website’s aesthetics are examined, aesthetic formality and aesthetic appeal. In addition, the model proposes antecedents to each dimension of website aesthetics. The three antecedents to website aesthetic formality are communication with visitors, information retrieval speed, and the quality of the job recruitment information. The two antecedents of website aesthetic appeal are website engagement and ease of website use. The theoretical model is empirically tested using 199 questionnaire responses collected from both students enrolled in business courses at a medium-size university in the western United States and contract employees of Mechanical Turk. The questionnaire asked all respondents to complete part of the questionnaire first and then to access a specific company’s recruitment website to complete scripted activities using the site. Upon finishing these activities, the respondents completed the remaining portions of the questionnaire. The theoretical model is estimated using these 199 questionnaire responses and structural equation modeling. The quality of the fit between the model and the data is acceptable given the complexity of the model and the number of observations. All the measures of the theoretical constructs demonstrate desirable psychometric properties. The estimated structural model shows that all the antecedents have significant and positive influences on their respective measure of aesthetics and that these measures of aesthetics (website aesthetic formality and website aesthetic appeal) significantly and positively influence website satisfaction. Based on these results a discussion and conclusions are provided.
Tritrophic Interactions of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Corn, Anaphothrips obscurus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and the Predator Orius majusculus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Abstract Laboratory feeding experiments using transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki (Berliner) corn plants were carried out to study the effects of B. thuringiensis-fed herbivorous prey on the predator Orius majusculus (Reuter). Host plants were a transgenic B. thuringiensis-expressing (Cry1Ab) corn hybrid and the corresponding untransformed isogenic B. thuringiensis-free corn hybrid. The herbivorous prey species used in the experiment was Anaphothrips obscurus (Müller), a thysanopteran pest of corn, not sensitive to Cry1Ab toxin. The objectives were to quantify the effects of B. thuringiensis-fed prey on the development and mortality of immature O. majusculus. There was no significant difference in total mean mortality from hatch to adult eclosion between O. majusculus nymphs reared on B. thuringiensis-fed or B. thuringiensis-free prey. Similarly, no significant differences in total developmental time of O. majusculus was detected when reared on the two different prey types. Overall mortality was low, confirming that the methodology used was appropriate. We propose this approach as an efficient standardized preregistrational testing for side effects of transgenic plants on small predators such as Orius spp.
Completely device-independent quantum key distribution

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way for two distant parties to establish a common secret key, which then can be used in a classical cryptographic scheme. Using quantum entanglement, one can reduce the necessary assumptions that the parties have to make about their devices, giving rise to device-independent QKD (DIQKD). However, in all existing protocols to date the parties need to have an initial (at least partially) random seed as a resource. In this work, we show that this requirement can be dropped. Using recent advances in the fields of randomness amplification and randomness expansion, we demonstrate that it is sufficient for the message the parties want to communicate to be (partially) unknown to the adversaries -- an assumption without which any type of cryptography would be pointless to begin with. One party can use her secret message to locally generate a secret sequence of bits, which can then be openly used by herself and the other party in a DIQKD protocol. Hence, our work reduces the requirements needed to perform secure DIQKD and establish safe communication.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE SIBERIAN TYPE TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND SEROLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN MONGOLIA

The goal of this study was to conduct serosurveillance for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)in Mongolia, to isolate TBEV by in vivo methods and determine subtypes of TBEV. Blood samples were collected from 750 domestic animals in Khuvsgul, Selenge, Bulgan and Tuv aimags in 2012. After sample collection, a total of 184 sera were (horse 43, cattle 41, sheep 44, goat 56respectivel) randomly chosen and tested for antibodies against TBEV by c-ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) test. The c-ELISA results showed that 17 serum samples were positive and 25 -suspicious. In order to confirm c-ELISA result all these 42 serum samples were checked with VN test. The result of VN test showed 19/42 positive serum samples. In order to detect of TBEV in Mongolia, Ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from Eruu sum, Selenge aimag and categorized into pools. Each pool was mixed with sterile PBS and homogenized with asterile mortar and pestle. The homogenate was centrifuged and the collected supernatant was inoculated into baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell line. Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the cell line was observed by light microscopy daily. RNA was extracted from supernatant of cells with CPE and confirmed by RT-PCR using specific primer for the Siberian subtype. The present results were indicated that TBEV in Mongolia was belonged to the Siberian subtype. Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 19-26
Mindful rumination aids high performance leadership in the workplace

In the forever changing business environment, the need for high performing leaders is critical for organisational success. High performance leadership, established in the current study by self-reported recall of performance under pressure and actual level of leadership, matters when functioning within highly complex, dynamic, and pressured environments. These environments, however, can cause leaders to perform poorly, despite having high motivation and incentives for success; a phenomenon sometimes referred to as choking. Drawing on 119 corporate individuals, the current study assesses the role of mindfulness in pressure situations and introduces the notion of decision reinvestment, a psychological concept associated with performance failure under pressure due to conscious control of actions, into Organisational Psychology literature. Results support research examining mindfulness and the positive role that mindfulness plays in performance, particularly at higher levels of organisational functioning. Moderation analyses suggest that mindfulness and reinvestment function together, suggesting that in the organisational setting, and particularly for leaders under pressure, some level of reinvestment (particularly the rumination dimension) in decision making is beneficial, provided mindfulness is also present. This new finding has been termed mindful rumination.
Association Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Educational Performance of Faculty Members in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences- 2014 [Res Dev Med Educ 2015;4(1):81-84]

Introduction: Regarding the educational goals of university and academic performance, it seems that organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is one of the effective variables in increasing the educational performance of university faculty members. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and educational performance of the faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2013-14. Methods: Researchers selected 127 faculty members and 1,120 students from different grades in order to investigate the relationship between altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue and respect and the educational performance of faculty members. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used in this method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and the significance level of 0.05. Results: There was a significant relationship between altruism and educational performance (P =0.043). There was a significant relationship between conscientiousness and educational performance (p=0.046). A significant relationship was observed between sportsmanship and educational performance (p=0.004). There was no significant relationship between civic virtue and educational performance (p=0.98). A significant relationship was observed between respect and educational performance (P>0.001). There was no relationship between citizenship behavior and gender of the faculty members (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the more faculty members have the spirit of cooperation and assistance to colleagues and students and try to understand the specific situations that students face, the more effective they are in increasing the educational performance at the university level.