Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of the New Baby on The Older Sibling

Amac: Calismamizin amaci, aileye yeni katilan bebegin, bir onceki kardes uzerindeki etkilerinin ve kardes kiskancligina etki eden faktorlerin belirlenmesine katkida bulunabilmektir. Materyal ve Metot: Kesitsel tipteki bu calismada, Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Cocuk Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali Saglam Cocuk Poliklinigi’ne Şubat 2012-Temmuz 2012 tarihleri arasinda basvuran, son cocugu 1 yasini gecmemis olan ve bir onceki cocugu bir yasindan buyuk olan 312 anne ile yuz yuze gorusulerek, yapilandirilmis bir anket uygulandi. Ankette yer alan ve kiskanclik davranisini yansitan sorularda verilebilecek her bir cevap puanlanarak, toplam kiskanclik puani belirlendi. Puanlama 0-13 arasinda degisebilmekteydi. Degerlendirmede 0-7 puan alan cocuklar normal ya da kabul edilebilir tutuma sahip, 8 ve daha yuksek puan alan cocuklar ise patolojik kiskanclik gosteren olarak siniflandirildi. Kategorik degiskenler ile cocugun kiskanclik durumu arasindaki iliskiler Ki-kare testi ile arastirildi. Kiskanclik puani ile odak cocugun yasi arasindaki iliskiyi belirleyebilmek amaci ile Spearman Rho korelasyon katsayisi hesaplandi. Puanlama sonuclari ile kiskanclik davranisina etki ettigi saptanan degiskenler lojistik regresyon modeliyle analiz edildi. Istatistiksel analizler icin SPSS for Win. Ver. 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, ILL, USA), kiskanclik puan hesabi, tablo ve grafikler icin ise MS-Excel 2016 programlari kullanildi. Istatistiksel kararlarda anlamlilik duzeyi p≤0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Calismaya katilan annelerin yas ortancasi 30 (min: 20, maks: 44; CAG: 6) olarak bulundu. Sondan bir onceki cocuklarin yas ortancasi 48 ay (CAG: 24 ay) idi. Yeni kardesin dogumuyla, bir onceki kardeste en sik gorulen olumsuz davranislarin regresyon (%77,74), uyku degisikligi (%47,76), siddet davranislari (%46,28), tuvalet aliskanliklarinda degisiklikler (%32) ve istahta azalma (%31) oldugu goruldu. Cocuklardaki kiskanclik davranislari yas arttikca azalmaktaydi (Rho=-0,302; p<0,001). Kiskanclik icin en onemli risk faktorlerinin annenin calismiyor olmasi (OR: 0,19), baba ile gecirilen zamanin azalmasi (OR: 4,43) ve sondan bir onceki cocugun 2-4 yas araliginda olmasi (OR: 8,16) oldugu goruldu. Sonuc: Aileye yeni katilan bebek, bir onceki kardes uzerinde bazi olumsuz davranis kaliplarinin ortaya cikmasina yol acmaktadir. Anne ve babanin, cocuklari ile ilgili tutumlari, bu durumu etkileyebilmektedir. Yeni bebek sahibi olan ya da olmayi planlayan ailelerin bir onceki cocuklarinin bu duruma nasil tepki verdiginin sorgulanmasi ve bu konuda ailelerin kaygilarinin giderilerek, cocuktaki kiskanclik davranisinin nasil kontrol altinda tutulabilecegi hakkinda yol gosterilmesi, birinci basamak hekimligi acisindan onem arz etmektedir.
Computer Programming in Middle School: How Pairs Respond to Challenges

Many believe that girls lack the confidence and motivation to persist with computers when they face a challenge. In order to increase the number of girls and women in information technology careers, we need a better understanding of how they think about and solve problems while working on the computer. In this article, we describe a qualitative study of 126 middle school girls who designed and programmed computer games in an after-school and summer program. Using data from electronic notebooks, we describe how girls thought about the problems they had while programming their games and the strategies they used in their efforts to solve them. Audiotape transcripts were also coded to show how girls talk about challenges and the steps they take to address them when programming a game on the computer. The findings are interpreted in terms of how to promote information technology fluency starting in middle school.
[The nutritional status inequality in interior Spain during the late 18th century].

inequality in net nutritional status, measured through the average adult male height, and its evolution, is still unknown as far as Spain in the late XVIII century is concerned. OBJECTIVE assess social and occupational differences in the average adult male height of cohorts born in the late 18th century and their evolution over time. METHOD analysis of anthropometric data provided by a general conscription which took place in 1808 in the ancient province of Toledo. This source includes the age, height, and profession of all men living in a giving community with an age included between 16 and 40 years as far as 90 communities are concerned. Only data for adult population (more than 21 years old) are used in this investigation. n = 8.029. RESULTS differences of almost 5 cm between the tallest group - landowners and people working in high-skilled services- and the shortest - servants - are detected. These differences show a gradient related to the access to the property of land, the educational status and the professional qualification. The Coefficient of Variation shows a trend to higher inequality during this period. CONCLUSION inequality in the net nutritional status of adult population was high and increased during the period considered in this study. Inequality within some socio-professional groups, such as farmers and craftsmen, also increased, while it did not show major changes in the other groups. The trend which emerges from the data can be explained by the increasing economic inequality, the relative increase in food prices and the fall in the incomes of certain social groups.
Do ants paint trucks better than chickens? Markets versus response thresholds for distributed dynamic scheduling

We studied the dynamic allocation of trucks to paint booths, contrasting two previously proposed schemes in which booths bid against each other for trucks: one based on markets and the other ant-inspired response thresholds. We explore parameter space for several system performance metrics and find that this system is surprisingly easy to optimize and that a number of parameters can be eliminated. We investigate two different threshold reinforcement schemes that give rise to booth specialization and also examine variations of the breaking tie rules that decide among booths when two or more place identical, highest bids for a particular truck. We find that the threshold reinforcement scheme usually used in response threshold applications (local update) fares worse than one with global update of thresholds, and that breaking tie rules previously proposed can be simplified without loss of system performance.
Incorporating fuzz testing to unit testing regime

Soware defects are a common problem, despite of decades of research on how to seek and destroy bugs. Soware defects are not a mere nuisance, since they come with a very real cost to the industry and the users of soware, leading to loss of millions of dollars, countless hours of work and even human lives. us there is a very real need to invent new ways to hunt down soware defects. is thesis aims to answer questions concerning integration of modern soware development pipeline and fuzzing, an effective fault-based testing technique with strong background in security and robustness testing. More specifically, this thesis seeks to find out how to integrate fuzz testing with continuous integration frameworks to lessen the redundancy in testing: fuzzing usually has its own, separate testing pipeline. Additionally this thesis looks into the possibility of automating generation of fuzzed unit tests using a tool that would use existing unit tests as the raw material for creating the tests to determine, if such approach could be feasible. is study consists of theoretical and empirical parts. e literature part explores soware testing research for results relevant to this thesis, empirical part describes a prototype of unit test fuzzer developed for unit tests wrien in Python, and observations of relevant issues made during the development process while also describing experiences of how well test cases generated by the tool or manually could be introduced to the existing continuous integration workflow. Research method applied is design science. e findings show that creating the tool described is not as easy as it would first seem, listing issues large enough to motivate discontinuing the prototyping aer first initial version. On the other hand, integrating fuzzing to a continuous integration based workflow seems to be a feasible idea, and automated test case generation is not the only way to create fault-based unit tests.
Integrating Computing Across the Curriculum

This study examines the relationship between internal barriers, professional development, and computer integration outcomes among a sample of fourth- and fifth-grade teachers in an urban, low-income school district in the Southeastern United States. Specifically, we examine the impact of teachers’ computer attitudes, computer anxiety, and computer training on the quality of computer integration in their classrooms. Using data from the Integrating Computing Across the Curriculum project, we utilize a mixed-methods approach to explore these relationships. Our results indicate that teacher attitudes and participation in an intensive computer-based training have a positive effect on computer integration practices. Findings from this study support providing teachers with more computer-based training which aims to improve the quality of classroom integration. This may lead to improvements in teacher attitudes toward computing and an increase in levels of computer integration in the elementary school classroom.
Development of Lab‐to‐Fab Production Equipment Across Several Length Scales for Printed Energy Technologies, Including Solar Cells

We describe and review how the scaling of printed energy technologies not only requires scaling of the input materials but also the machinery used in the processes. The general consensus that ultrafast processing of technologies with large energy capacity can only be realized using roll-to-roll methods is taken as a premise, and thus the progression from a highly successful laboratory technique (i.e., spin coating) to large-scale roll-to-roll equipment is described in terms of all of the intermediate steps that must be available to make the transfer possible. Spin coating is compatible with materials availability on the small scale and efficient scaling of equipment is a demanding task that must be performed in parallel with increasing materials availability. We outline that 3–5 processing platforms are necessary to efficiently take the laboratory technology to a version that represents the lower end of the industrial scale. The machinery bridges the gap through firstly achieving improved ink efficiency without surface contact, followed by better ink efficiency at higher speeds, and finally large-area processing at high speed with very high ink efficiency.
Cell Migration on Nanophase-Separated Poly(Carbonate Urethane)s

Nanophase separation has been suggested to influence the biological performance of polyurethanes. Several 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based poly(carbonate urethane)s (PCU) that exhibited various degrees of nanophase separation have been synthesized in our previous work, and the promoting effect of nanophase separation on cell adhesion and proliferation has been demonstrated. Among these PCU, two with the most distinct nanophase separation were selected in this work for cell migration studies using a wound-healing model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were found to migrate much faster and exhibit more intense actin stress fibers in their central region when cultured on the PCU with a greater degree of nanophase separation. These cellular events appeared to be associated with a higher level of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the cells cultured on the more nanophase-separated material.
Planning the deployment of fault-tolerant wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are comprised of many low-cost sensor nodes that communicate using wireless links. Since WSNs are subject to failures, faulttolerance becomes an important requirement for many WSN applications where messages from all sensor nodes must be delivered to data sinks in a reliable and timely manner. Fault-tolerance can be enabled in a number of different areas of WSN design and operation, including the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the initial topology design. We show that MAC protocols and topology planning algorithms can be designed together to create fault-tolerant WSNs for volatile environments. To be robust to failures, a MAC protocol must be able to adapt to sudden traffic fluctuations and topology dynamics, for which we design ER-MAC, a hybrid MAC protocol for emergency response WSNs. ER-MAC is able to switch from energyefficient operation in normal periodic monitoring to reliable and fast delivery for emergency monitoring, and vice versa. It also has a special functionality to prioritise high priority packets and guarantee fair packet deliveries from all sensor nodes. Topology design can support fault-tolerance by ensuring that there are alternative acceptable routes to data sinks when failures occur. We provide solutions for four topology planning problems: Additional Relay Placement (ARP), Additional Backup Placement (ABP), Multiple Sink Placement (MSP), and Multiple Sink and Relay Placement (MSRP). Our solutions use a local search technique based on Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP).
Polymorphism of the ADRB2 Rs1042713 Gene is not Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth: Analyses in a Slovenian Sample and Meta Analysis

Abstract The β-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene has an important impact on smooth muscle relaxation, including the smooth muscles of the uterus. The results of previously published studies of the association between the ADRB2 rs1042713 polymorphism and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) were inconsistent. We evaluated the association between ADRB2 and SPTB in a case-control association study in a Slovenian sample population and performed a meta analysis of previously published studies. No association was found between the polymorphism in the ADRB2 gene and SPTB in the Slovenian sample of 98 SPTB patients and 135 controls under dominant [χ2 = 0.01, p = 0.92, odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.52-2.04), recessive (χ2 = 0.01, p = 0.92, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.57-1.70) and codominant genetic models (χ2 = 0.01, p = 0.92, OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.59-1.68). The meta analysis of a pooled sample of 404 SPTB patients and 878 controls suggested no association of ADRB2 polymorphism and SPTB under dominant (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.81-1.54) and recessive genetic models (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.64-1.12). These findings suggest no association between the ADRB2 rs1042713 gene polymorphism and SPTB. Further association studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Relationship between obesity and thyroid function in adults

Amac: Obezite, pek cok komorbid hastaligin seyrini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu calismanin amaci obezite ve tiroid fonksiyonu arasindaki iliskiyi ortaya koymaktir. Gerec ve Yontem: Bu calisma kesitsel bir calismadir. 2011 Aralik ve 2012 Aralik yillari arasinda Marmara Universite Hastahane’si Aile hekimligi ve Dahiliye polikliniklerine basvuran eriskin yas hastalar bu calismaya dahil edilmistir. Hastalarin boy ve kilolari olculmus, vucut kitle indeksi (VKI) degerleri hesaplanmistir. Kanlari alinmis ve tiroid stimulant hormonu (TSH), serbest tsiroksin (fT4), total kolesterol, dusuk dansitesli lipoprotein (LDL), yuksek dansiteli lipoprotein (HDL), trigliserid ve glukoz degerlerini olcen tahliller yapilmistir. Katilimcilar, VKI degerlerine gore uc gruba ayrilmis ve gruplarin verileri karsilastirilmistir. Bulgular: Calismaya 618 hasta dahil edilmistir (%53 kadin/ %47 erkek). Ortalama yas 43±15 ti. Normal kilolu grupta 175 (%28.3), fazla kilolu grupta 242 (%39.2) ve obez grupta 201 (%32.5) kisi yer almaktaydi. Gruplar arasinda TSH ve fT4 degerleri acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark bulunmadi. Gruplar arasinda lipid profili acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark bulundu.Fazla kilolu ve obez grubun aterojenik lipid degerleri (total kolesterol, LDL ve trigliserid) ve glukoz degerleri normal kilolu gruba kiyasla yuksek, HDL degerleri ise dusuk bulundu (P 0.05). Sonuc: Bu calisma, obezite ve tiroid fonksiyonu arasinda iliski olmadigini gosteren literaturdeki ender calismalardan biridir.
Characteristics of primary dentition occlusion among preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

Developmental changes in occlusal relationships from the initiation of primary dentition are of considerable clinical interest, and an understanding of these changes forms the basis of the proper development of permanent dentition.1 Analysis of the occlusion in primary dentition should consider the anterior and posterior relationship of the maxillary and mandibular arches.2,3 Diversity in dental occlusion is the result of a multifactorial hereditary pattern in which genetic and environmental factors play important roles. Malocclusion is primarily due to an imbalance in the developing craniofacial complex.4 Certain oral habits performed over a long period of time also may lead to the occurrence of malocclusion.5 The early detection and diagnosis of the presence of malocclusion in the primary dentition with proper intervention would play a role in the prevention of malocclusion that are likely to develop in the permanent dentition.6,7 The status of occlusion in the primary dentition greatly influences the occlusion of the permanent dentition, but its features differ in diverse populations and ethnic groups.8−12 This aspect of primary dentition occlusion has been widely studied in the general populations of various countries,10−14, but studies of children with special needs, particularly children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are scarce. Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopment and cognitive disorder that is characterized by intellectual impairments in the acquisition of some of the most important life skills, including deficiencies in interpersonal and communication skills, impaired social interactions, and constrained and repetitive behaviors.15,16 Autism spectrum disorder is approximately four times more prevalent in males than females, but it is more severe in females. Onset generally occurs during the first three years of life.17,18 Epidemiological research on ASD in Arab countries is relatively new due to the associated social stigma, and the burden of ASD remains unclear. One review examined the epidemiology of ASD in Arab gulf countries and estimated a prevalence of ASD of 1.4 to 29 per 10,000 persons, which reveals a serious health concern in this region of the world.19 Children with ASD tend to commonly exhibit damaging oral habits, such as bruxism, tongue biting, thumb sucking, picking at the gingiva and object biting in addition to self-injurious behavior.20−22 These detrimental oral habits are seriously concerning because these activities may lead to the occurrence of malocclusion.5 The purpose of the present study was to determine the characteristics of primary dentition occlusion among Saudi preschool children with ASD (study group=SG) and compare it with Saudi preschool children without ASD (control group=CG).
Improving Object Classification using Pose Information

We propose a method that exploits pose information in order to improve object classification. A lot of research has focused in other strategies, such as engineering feature extractors, trying different classifiers and even using transfer learning. Here, we use neural network architectures in a multi-task setup, whose outputs predict both the class and the camera azimuth. We investigate both Multi-layer Perceptrons and Convolutional Neural Network architectures, and achieve state-of-the-art results in the challenging NORB dataset.
An efficient caching scheme for software RAID file systems in workstation clusters

A software RAID file system is defined as a system that distributes data redundantly across an array of disks attached to each of the workstations connected on a high speed network. This provides high throughput as well as higher availability. In this paper we present an efficient caching scheme for the software RAID file system. The performance of this scheme is compared to two other schemes previously proposed for conventional file systems and adapted for the software RAID file system. As in hardware RAID systems, we found small-writes to be the performance bottleneck in software RAID file systems. To tackle this problem, we logically divided the cache into two levels. By keeping old data and parity values in the second-level cache we were able to eliminate much of the extra disk reads and writes necessary for write-back of dirty blocks. Using trace driven simulations we show that the proposed scheme improves performance by at least 10% for both the hit ratio and the average system busy time.
A Novel Patch Priority Estimate Method for Natural Scene Image Completion

Image inpainting algorithms have been widely used for removing unwanted objects in images and filling the gap produced by the object removal with plausible data. In this paper we present a novel patch priority calculation method to determine the filling order of patches. A comparison with some existing algorithms is made on a variety of scenes to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Comparison of successful outcome predictors for MicroPulse® laser trabeculoplasty and selective laser trabeculoplasty at 6 months

Purpose: To identify and compare factors predictive of successful outcome for MicroPulse® laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). Methods: 50 MLT-treated eyes and 50 SLT-treated eyes of open-angle glaucoma patients were reviewed for baseline characteristics, pre- and postoperative IOP and medications, and adverse events including postoperative IOP elevation >5 mmHg (IOP spikes) through 6 months of follow-up. Success was defined as ≥20% IOP reduction or ≥1 medication reduction without additional IOP lowering procedures at 6 months follow-up. Results: MLT and SLT had similar success rates (44% vs 40%, P=0.983). Older age predicted success for SLT (P=0.013) but not MLT (P=0.154). Both MLT and SLT led to greater IOP lowering in patients with baseline IOP >18 mmHg, but only for SLT did baseline IOP have a significant association with success (P=0.035 vs P=0.983). Number of laser shots was associated with success in MLT (P=0.031) but not in SLT (P=0.970). Glaucoma severity and pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork (PTM) were not associated with rate of success for either group. The rate of IOP spikes was significantly (P=0.022) higher in the SLT group (10%) compared to none in the MLT group. No other complications or visually significant adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusion: Although MLT and SLT resulted in similar success rates, older age and higher baseline IOP predicted success for SLT while MLT was equally efficacious regardless of these factors. Glaucoma severity and PTM were not associated with success of either laser procedures. 10% of SLT patients experienced IOP spike post procedure, whereas none in the MLT group did. MLT may be a safer alternative to SLT that is effective in lowering IOP and need for medications for a wider variety of patients with open angle glaucoma.