Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Porosity and density of the AND-1B sediment core, McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica: Field consolidation enhanced by grounded ice

A study of density and porosity is presented for the 1285-m-long AND-1B core recovered from a flexural moat in the McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) in order to interpret sediment consolidation in an ice-proximal location on the Antarctic shelf. Various lithologies imply environmental changes from open marine to subglacial, and are numerically expressed in high-resolution whole-core wet-bulk density (WBD). Grain density data interpolated from discrete samples range from 2.14 to 3.85 g/cm3 and are used to calculate porosity from WBD in order to avoid the 5â��15 overestimation and underestimation of porosities obtained by standard methods. The trend of porosity extends from 0.5 near the top (Pleistocene) to 0.2 at the bottom (Miocene). Porosity fluctuations in different lithologies are superimposed with 0.2â��0.3 in sequences younger than ca. 1 Ma and 0.5â��0.8 in Pliocene diatomites. The AND-1B porosities and void ratios of Pliocene diatomites and Pleistocene mudstones exhibit a large negative offset compared to modern lithological analogs and their consolidation trends. This offset cannot be explained in terms of the effective stress at the AND-1B site. The effective stress ranges from 0 to 4000 kPa in the upper 600 m, and reaches 13,000 kPa at the base of the AND-1B hole. We suggest an excess of effective overburden stress of â�¼1700 and â�¼6000 kPa to explain porosities in Pliocene diatomites and Pleistocene mudstones, respectively. This is interpreted as glacial preconsolidation by subsequently grounded ice sheets under subpolar to polar, followed by colder polar types of glaciations. Information on Miocene consolidation is sparse due to alteration by diagenesis.
BEAM TESTS ON A PROTON LINAC BOOSTER FOR HADRONTHERAPY

LIBO is a 3 GHz modular side-coupled proton linac booster designed to deliver beam energies up to 200 MeV, as required for the therapy of deep seated tumours. The injected beam of 50 to 70 MeV is produced by a cyclotron like those in several hospitals and research institutes. A full-scale prototype of the first module with an input/output energy of 62/74 MeV, respectively, was designed and built in 1999 and 2000. Full power RF tests were carried out successfully at CERN using a test facility at LIL at the end of the year 2000. In order to prove the feasibility of the acceleration process, an experimental setup with this module was installed at the INFN Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud (LNS) in Catania during 2001. The Superconducting Cyclotron provided the 62 MeV test beam. A compact solid-state RF modulator with a 4 MW klystron, made available by IBAScanditronix, was put into operation to power the linac. In this paper the main features of the accelerator are reviewed and the experimental results obtained during the first beam acceleration tests are presented.
Gain–loss frames and cooperation in two-person social dilemmas: A transformational analysis.

Cooperation in 2-person social dilemmas was examined when people frame outcomes as gains or as losses. It was argued that losses loom larger than gains and that depending on people's social motive, behavioral options in social dilemmas are valued differently. Results of 3 experiments supported the predictions based on prospect theory and interdependence theory: Pro-socials (cooperators) cooperated more in a loss than in a gain frame, whereas individualists cooperated less in a loss than in a gain frame. Unexpectedly, competitors cooperated as little in a loss as in a gain frame, which was attributed to a floor effect. It was concluded that this research explains inconsistent findings from previous research on gain-loss frames and shows that loss-framed individuals pursue their cooperative or individualistic goals to a greater extent than gain-framed individuals but pursue their competitive goals to about the same extent. The way people frame information influences their judgments and decisions. The effects of framing have been found in medical decision making (e.g., Meyerowitz & Chaiken, 1987), consumer behavior (e.g., Puto, 1987), personnel selection (Huber, Neale, & Northcraft, 1987), marketing (Bettman & Sujan, 1987), auditing (Johnson, Jamal, & Berryman, 1991 ), and security dilemmas (Kramer, Meyerson, & Davis, 1990). Our research was concerned with the effects of framing in settings of outcome interdependence, which arises when individual outcomes are the confluence of individual decisions and the decisions of others (Kelley & Thibaut, 1978; Pruitt & Kimmel, 1977). We wanted to integrate social dilemma research that considers cooperative behavior to be a function of the outcome frame (i.e., the coding of prospective outcomes as gains or losses) with theory that considers cooperative behavior to be a function of social motives (i.e., preferences for particular patterns of self-other outcome distributions; Messick & McClintock, 1968).
Seasonal Changes of Nutritive Values and Digestibility of Range Forage of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Range forage of Vicia variabilis, Astragalus spp. , Medicago sativa, Prangos uloptera and Sanguisorba minor was sampled during three phenological stages from the controlled rangeland stations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Samples were analyzed for the determination of Crude Protein (CP%), Ether Extract (EE), Crude Fiber (CF), total Ash, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) and Organic Mater Digestibility (OMD). Higher and lower values of CP were obtained in vegetative stage of Medicago sativa and seed ripening stage of Prangos uloptera, respectively. The highest and lowest values of EE% were found in Prangos uloptera and Astragalus spp. respectively. The highest and lowest values of CF% were obtained in the vegetative stage of Prangos uloptera and ripening stage of Medicago sativa, respectively. For NDF and ADF, the lower values were found in the vegetative stage of Prangos uloptera and Sanguisorba minor, respectively and higher values were observed in the seed ripening stage of Asragalus spp. and Prangos uloptera. The highest values of DMD and OMD% were obtained in the vegetative stage of Vicia variabilis, but the lowest values were found in Medicago sativa and Sanguisorba minor respectively. Both DMD and OMD% values were reduced from vegetation to seed ripening stage in all the species. It was concluded that it is necessary to pay attention to the seasonal changes in order to conduct the quality study and determine the nutritive value and digestibility of range plants. Use of energy and protein supplement in late period of range plant growth has been recommended for the supply of essential requirements of rangeland animals.
Service off-shoring and productivity growth in the European economies

We study the relation between service off-shoring and productivity growth in the manufacturing sector of a set of European economies in 1995-2005. We document that those countries resorting more to service off-shoring in 1995 experienced faster productivity growth in ICT/R&D intensive industries over the next decade. Our results show also that the productivity gap between more and less ICT/R&D intensive industries was relatively higher in those countries experimenting higher increases in service off-shoring intensity over the period. In both cases, ICT intensity is more relevant than R&D to explain the mechanism through which service off-shoring affects productivity growth. These findings are consistent with the enhancing productivity effects of the complementary relation between service off-shoring and ICT
Tissue heTerOgeneiTy cOnTribuTes TO subOpTimal precisiOn Of WhO 2010 scOring criTeria fOr Ki 67 labeling index in a subseT Of neurOendOcrine neOplasms

Reporting of Ki67 labeling index (LI) is a routine in diagnostics of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas. The aim of the study was to examine whether heterogeneity of Ki67 LI distribution in primary tumoral tissue influences precision of reporting of Ki67 LI and Ki67-LI-based grade, both established in adherence to WHO 2010 guidelines. Seventy-one samples of neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and 6 samples of neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the pancreas were taken for manual counting of Ki67 LI in 25 portions of 100 cells (2500 cells in total) in 3 hot spots an in a single area of lower proliferation rate (cold spot) in each case. Both NET and NEC showed Ki67 LI heterogeneity within primary tumour. Almost 20% of NET showed higher grade when 500 cells rather than 2000 cells were counted in hot spot area. Suboptimal choice of hot spot resulted in under-grading of approximately 20% of NET. Cold spots were constantly present in NET. Heterogeneity of Ki67 LI was also present in NEC, but it virtually never resulted in under-grading. Concept and methodology of Ki67 LI counting in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas requires clarification. Efforts aiming to improve precision of assessment of Ki67 LI are needed.
The use of Elisa as a complementary tool for bovine tuberculosis control in Brazil

The detection of infected animals is one of the main factors involved in tuberculosis control and, with some variations, is performed through intradermal tuberculin tests. Nevertheless, skin test-negative animals may be infected and represent an important threat to bovine tuberculosis eradication programs. Despite this well-known phenomenon, ELISA testing did not become a routine in tuberculosis control programs. Our purpose was to describe field applications of ELISA in the detection of anergic animals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From 18 herds involved on a tuberculosis control program, two presented skin test-negative infected animals what have delayed and compromised the success of the program, with severe economic losses. Infection in those animals was identified through ELISA and confirmed by isolation of M. bovis from lung lesions. Therefore they were considered to be the most probable source of continuing infection and responsible for the maintenance of the disease in their herds. Without the use of serological tests as ELISA those cows would probably stay in their herds perpetuating the disease and the eradication of the disease in those herds would become impossible. In conclusion, we suggest the use of ELISA as a valuable complementary tool in order to identify possible anergic cows that may be acting as reservoirs of the agent in the herd.
Value of Phenotypic and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Panel Markers in Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer

The risk of breast cancer from a number of SNPs (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms) has recently been estimated singly by COGS (Collaborative Oncological Gene-Environment Study). We assessed how the predicted risk from a panel of SNPs would compare with classical phenotypic factors including age, family history and parity, and how much it might add to risk assessment. The analysis was based on prospective data from ten thousand women of routine screening age enrolled into the UK Predicting Risk of Breast Cancer at Screening (PROCAS) study, and computer simulation SNP scores. We found that the current panel of 67 SNPs was less able to identify high-risk women than classical phenotypic factors, but if they can be treated independently, then in combination a substantially increased predictive effect might be seen. The proportion of women in the PROCAS cohort with a 10- year risk of more than 8% increased from 0.5% using age and the SNP67 score; to 1.1% using the phenotypic factors in the Tyrer-Cuzick model; to 3.3% when combined.
Forces on (flood)walls and buildings by wave overtopping

Large scale tests have been carried out to measure impacts of an overtopped wave on a storm wall at low freeboard coastal structures. Both a smooth dike slope and a vertical wall have been tested in a scale of 1/6. Impacts have been measured both with pressure and force transducers; the two systems provided similar results. Analysis is ongoing to find a correlation between the property of the incoming waves, few structure parameters, and the resulting design impact forces.
The cognitive functions of linguistic categories in describing persons: Social cognition and language.

Three studies examined the cognitive implications of linguistic categories in the interpersonal domain. On the basis of conceptual and linguistic criteria, we advance a four-level classification that distinguishes between verbs and adjectives in the interpersonal domain. These four levels (in terms of increasing abstractness) are descriptive action verbs, interpretive action verbs, state verbs, and adjectives. Results from the first two studies reveal a systematic relation between the respective linguistic category and the temporal stability of the quality expressed in the sentence, the sentence's infonnativeness about the subject, the sentence's verinability and disputability, and the sentence's informativeness about a specific situation. Results from the last study support the four-level linguistic classification and its differential cognitive functions. Implications for social cognition and personality research are discussed. In the three studies reported in this article, we examine the cognitive functions of different linguistic categories used to describe persons and their behaviors. The aim is to elucidate how language mediates between social cognition and social reality. The interface between language and social cognition remains a relatively neglected issue in the burgeoning field of social cogni
Evaluation of Soldered Joints of Two Base Metal Ceramic Alloys: Supercast and Minalux

Background: Different soldering techniques have a variety of applications in dentistry. One of the most important uses of soldering is to join multiple-unit fixed partial dentures together. In this Study, two base metal alloys (Supercast and Minalux) were soldered and their tensile, compressive and flexural strengths were measured and compared to each other. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro study, an aluminum pattern was made by a milling machine according to ASTM (American Society for Testing Material). Eighteen acrylic resin Patterns were duplicated by flasking using putty indices according to the original aluminum pattern. Acrylic resin patterns were divided into two groups of nine and each group was cast with two different alloys named Supercast and Minalux. All eighteen metal rods were separated by 0.008-inch disc and soldered with Vera-solder by means of gas-oxygen torch. Three patterns of each alloy were selected for each of the compression, tensile and flexural tests. Tensile strength was measured by Instron a universal machine and flexural and compression strengths were measured by Dartec machine. Statistical analysis was done by Mann - Whitney test. Results: The mean tensile, flexural and compressive strengths for supercast alloy was 347.6, 44.01 and 1014.8MPa respectively and the mean for tensile, flexural and compressive strengths for Minalux alloy was 350.03, 51.70 and 938.17 MPa respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the two alloys in all the three mentioned tests. (p>0.05) Conclusion: Tensile, flexural and compressive strengths of the two soldered alloys, Minalux and supercast, showed no significant differences. Minalux is an alloy manufactured in Iran with the advantage of not including Beryllium, a cariogenic element, as one of the ingredients of the alloy; therefore, it is suggested that Minalux be used instead of supercast in soldering procedures in fixed prosthodontics.
Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated with Survival Following Liver Transplantation in Patients over 14 Years of Age at the Hospital Universitario de

Received: 19-05-15 Accepted: 25-07-16 Abstract Terminal liver diseases have high rates of incidence and prevalence throughout the world and result in more than 800,000 deaths annually. (1) The treatment for advanced liver disease is transplantation. Advances in surgical technique, proper selection of donors and recipients and development of immunosuppression have transformed transplantation into the best option for patients with end-stage liver disease. (2) Counting transplantation of organs of all types, Given all organs, in the Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación (HUSVF) was the leading transplant center in Colombia. (3) This study was conducted to redress the absence of information on transplant patient survival. This is a quantitative study conducted through a cohort follow-up with analysis of survival. All liver transplants performed at the hospital between 2002 and 2013 were included. Data were collected to determine one and five year survival rates at and the factors that explained them. The study included 391 transplants. The one year survival rate was 86.6% while the five year survival rate was 79.3%. One-year survival was explained by the CHILD classification, sodium levels prior to surgery, and time spent in the ICU. There were no statistically significant factors to explain the five year survival rate.
Awareness About Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV Infection Among Women in Nigeria

The concerns of children testing positive to HIV virus shortly after birth is alarming in developing countries. The study assessed the level of awareness of women about Mother To Child Transmission. (MTCT) in Nigeria. The study used secondary data from the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The National Demographic Health Survey is one of the most comprehensive Nigerian datasets that contains extensive information on the reproductive health of women between ages 15 -49 years and therefore provides a unique opportunity to study the knowledge of women in the reproductive age group in the country. The 2008 Nigerian NDHS survey sample was made up of 33,385 women of reproductive age group from the six geopolitical zones. The data set was obtained from already analyzed results of the NDHS 2008. The results were summarized into tables and charts using Microsoft excel. Most women interviewed for the study were from the north west zone (24%) out of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Twelve percent of the respondents were from the south east zone. Respondents from the south east zone reported highest awareness about the fact that HIV could be transmitted through breastfeeding to the child, (70.1%), while respondents from north west demonstrated least awareness that HIV could be transmitted through breastfeeding to the child. About 51.5% of pregnant women among the respondents reported adequate knowledge that HIV could be transmitted by breastfeeding while 28.6% were aware that the risk of MTCT could be reduced through the use of anti-retroviral drugs and 26.1% were aware that HIV could be transmitted by breastfeeding and the risk of MTCT could be reduced by taking anti-retroviral drugs. Most women do not have adequate awareness of mother to child transmission of HIV in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.
Calibration of a desktop scanner and digital image analysis procedure for quantification of root morphology.

Methodological tests with dark metal wires and barley roots showed that selecting proper scanner brightness adjustment is crucial when calibrating a desktop scanner for digital image analysis of root morphology. At high brightness the digitization of roots was incomplete, and thus the real length and width of the roots were underestimated. Lowering of the brightness improved the digitization, whereas stronger staining of the roots alone was not effective. Inaccurate results were produced also, if the size of the scanned sample was too large. The variation caused by the scanning and image analysis itself was minimal. A small amount of dry matter was lost from the roots during the preservation in the ethanol solution for several months before scanning. If absolute data on root masses are required, this loss cannot be neglected. Subsampling is strongly recommended to reduce the time required for the procedure. ;
Representative benchmark site identification for soil moisture storage

Soil moisture limits agricultural production in semi-arid prairies and is a key hydrological factor affecting the fate and transport of pollutants in soils. Spatial and temporal variability in soil water requires monitoring many locations to capture the salient features of soil water in the field. The objective of this study was to examine whether there are temporally stable soil moisture patterns in a field and whether a representative moisture benchmark site can be identified from these patterns. The experiments were conducted on a black soil at Alvena, northwest of Saskatoon, Canada. Soil moisture was monitored at 95 measurement sites with a portable Capacitance Probe (CP) along a 612m rolling transect, from April to September in 2001 and 2002. Temporal stability of spatial patterns in soil moisture for depths of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 160cm were determined using temporal means and standard deviations of the differences between individual and spatial average values of soil moisture along the transect. The spatial patterns of soil water storage were stable in different locations for each depth. Spatial variations in soil moisture with daily soil moisture means of >0.20 and <0.20 showed poor correlations with soil texture (R < 0.1) and topographical variables (R < 0.3). Clay content showed the least amount of control of spatial patterns with only one day with R (=0.08) greater than 0.01. Coefficient of variation and standard deviation of soil moisture both decreased with increasing soil moisture. For depths of 30, 90, and 120cm, benchmark sites had a difference of less than 1% in soil moisture storage from both measured field mean and a composite sample obtained using the conventional random sample method, indicating the three methods are equivalent to each other. Soil moisture benchmark sites identified in this study represent field mean soil moisture and can be used for fertilizer recommendation and environmental monitoring. Introduction Soil water is the principle limiting factor in semi-arid agricultural production and a key element in environmental health. The movement of water through the soil will affect the transport of sediment, toxins and chemicals to environmentally sensitive areas such as surface water bodies and ground water and has a direct impact on crop yield. Soil water is influenced by topography, soil properties such as texture, vegetation, water routing processes, depth to water table and meteorological conditions (Gómez-Plaza et al, 2001; Western and Blöschl, 1999). The complex interaction of these variables can lead
Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

Foliar contents of total phenols and tannins and the essential oil composition of Myrciaria cauliflora populations cultivated in six sampling sites have shown the presence of four clusters related to soil types and foliar nutrients. Cluster I included samples which originated from sandy loam soil (S1) with the highest and lowest percentages of γ-eudesmol (11.55%) and germacrene D (20.48%), respectively, as well as high total phenol (136.68 mg g-1) and tannin (60.72 mg g-1) contents. Cluster II, rich in elemol (4.61%), included all the samples cultivated from clay sand loam soils (S2, S3, and S6), whereas clay soils S4 (cluster III) and S5 (cluster IV) had the highest amounts of germacrene D (III: 27.20%; IV: 26.83%) and the lowest levels of elemol (2.12-2.55%), total phenols (79.69 and 111.77 mg g-1), and tannins (34.04 and 44.51 mg g-1). The canonical redundancy analysis revealed the relationship between chemical balances in the soil and leaf nutrients in different clusters. Chemovariations may be environmentally determined.