Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitting The Task To The Human, Fifth Edition: A Textbook Of Occupational Ergonomics

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Are All Head Start Classrooms Created Equal? Variation in Classroom Quality Within Head Start Centers and Implications for Accountability Systems

Most accountability policies monitor Head Start quality at the center level by selecting a subset of classrooms within a center to represent quality. This study explores variation in classroom quality in Head Start and implications for accountability systems and children’s well-being. We find that one third to one half of the variation in quality was due to differences between classrooms within center and that 37% of centers would receive different accountability decisions depending on which classrooms were selected. Average center-level quality was not related to children’s development. However, differences in within-center classroom instructional quality were related to children’s academic and social skills. Findings suggest that accountability systems miss important variation in classroom quality within centers, which may lead to inaccurate high-stakes decisions.
Immigration Detention as Social Defence: Policing ‘Dangerous Mobility’ in Italy

Drawing on an empirical study, this article explores the role of immigration detention in Italy by analysing the way a specific rhetoric of ‘dangerousness’ has developed and is being used within the framework of immigration enforcement policies. Our argument is that immigration detention has been transformed into an instrument of crime prevention and ‘social defence’, and that this transformation is fuelled by the central position that the legal categories of ‘risk’ and ‘danger’ have assumed in the regulation of the return procedure. The article contends that immigration law enforcement agencies can make use of immigration detention as a flexible control tool to manage what are perceived as the most problematic populations in urban areas, thus practising a policy of selective enforcement that while not explicitly built along racial and ethnic lines, clearly discriminates among migrants according to their ‘social marginality’ or supposed ‘social dangerousness’.
Highly Active Agro-Waste-Extracted Cellulose-Supported CuInS2 Nanocomposite for Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalysis

Agro-waste-extracted cellulose-supported CuInS2 nanocomposites were hydrothermally synthesized with significant photocatalytic activity under the influence of cellulose as a polymeric natural support that offers delay in electron–hole life. Delayed recombination process of electrons and holes was perceived by parting of cellulose as a barrier or edge during photochemical reaction, which overall enhances the lifetime of photocatalyst. The photodegradation efficiency over five consecutive cycles along with scavenging studies have been examined for RhB dye under visible light. The boosted photodegradation rate was observed at an optimum amount of cellulose (200 mg), which is ∼10 times higher than pristine CuInS2.
Differences in Men and Women Volunteers Within a Parkrun Environment

This study investigates potential differences in motivation and commitment between men and women volunteering in local parkrun communities. After receiving ethical approval from the academic institution and parkrun Research Board, 92 volunteers (male n=45; female n=47) completed an online survey comprising demographic information (age, employment status, gender), the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mowday et al. 1982; MacLean & Hamm 2007) and the volunteer motivation questionnaire (Strigas & Jackson 2003). Data were analysed for differences in men and women’s commitment and motivation responses using Mann-Whitney U tests. The results indicate significant differences in leisure, egoistic and pride for women in terms of motivation and commitment to volunteer. Furthermore, across all of the subscales measured, women reported generally higher levels of motivation and commitment to parkrun events than men. The significantly higher pride, egoistic and leisure motivations may reflect a greater desire for social approval amongst the women volunteers through perceptions of being valued within the parkrun environment. This aligns with the parkrun philosophy which creates a welcoming and indeed highly valued approach for all it’s volunteers which women seem to welcome significantly more than men.
Teacher’s Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review

The systematic review of self-efficacy has been conducted between the year 2014 to 2018. The review focuses on mainstream teachers and inclusive teachers’ self-efficacy of special needs. Articles that correspond to teacher’s self-efficacy were collected online and analyzed in detail. A total of 30 articles on self-efficacy have been chosen and analyzed on mainstream teachers and inclusive teachers’ self-efficacy of special needs. Overall, the studies were found to have a positive relationship which affect teachers' self-efficacy on pedagogy, experience, classroom and student management, students’ involvement, teaching strategies, and classroom instructions. The negative factors that were identified are job stress and job satisfaction which is a major factor in the decline on the level of self-efficacy of the mainstream teachers. Additionally, a side-factor that leads to low self-efficacy for inclusive teachers who taught students with special needs in inclusive classes is the lack of training or skills. Lack of qualitative research method in analyzing teachers’ self-efficacy is identified in the review for both categories of teachers. This study has great implications in understanding the importance of self-efficacy as well as the enrichment of teachers’ self-efficacy in the future.
Does ego depletion impair adaptive performance? A longitudinal analysis

Abstract Adaptive performance (AP) refers to functional behavioral reactions to changes and it is considered an important performance dimension. In the present study, the influence of ego depletion on AP was examined using an experimental longitudinal design. According to the ego-depletion theory, self-control is a limited resource that can be depleted. Using those resources may lead to performance impairment on subsequent tasks requiring self-control. In the present study, one task was used to induce ego depletion in the experimental group by using a harder version of the task than in the control group. Performance differences on a second task were used to measure the influence of ego depletion on performance. After 80 trials requirements of the second task were changed in order to gauge AP. Perceived ego depletion and cognitive abilities were included as additional performance predictors. Neither objective nor perceived ego depletion was related to AP. In contrast, cognitive abilities promoted transition adaption and reacquisition adaption.
Multiscale hedge ratio between Taiwan stock and futures index: an application of wavelet analysis

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the stock and futures markets of Taiwan in terms of lead-lag relationship, correlation, and hedge ratio using wavelet analysis. We sampled 1,510 observations, from January 2002 to December 2007, of TAIEX and TAIFEX for analysis. Empirical results show that (1) there is a feedback relationship between the stock and futures markets regardless of time scales; (2) wavelet correlation between two markets varies over investment horizons but remains at high level; and (3) hedge ratio and the effectiveness of hedging strategies increase as the wavelet time scale increases.
Translating Provider and Staff Engagement Results to Actionable Planning and Outcomes

Staff and provider engagement leads to better quality and experience of care and less turnover and burnout. In this program, we describe an approach to better understand underlying factors that lead to low staff and provider engagement and address such factors by creating actionable plans that drive improved engagement measures. Focus groups were conducted with staff, advance practice providers, and faculty to better understand low scored areas in an annual third-party engagement survey. Focus group results were analyzed, and thematic action plans were then developed by a leadership team. These plans and the status of addressing the identified issues were published and disseminated back to all staff and providers using a “stoplight report. ” The leadership team met every 2 to 4 weeks until all issues were addressed and communicated back to the department. The subsequent year’s engagement scores statistically increased across all engagement score domains for both staff and faculty. We conclude that using a qualitative approach to understanding low-scored engagement domains will allow a deeper and authentic understanding of the root factors that drive low engagement scores. This approach allows teams to develop responsive action plans, resulting in higher engagement scores, which will eventually lead to better service and care to patients.
Policies, parties, and protests: explaining student protest events in Latin America

ABSTRACT What explains variation in the emergence of college student protests in Latin America? This study uses an original dataset of 4,700 college student protests to carry out a systematic analysis of student mobilization in the region. This article tests three hypotheses based on two distinct but complementary explanations. The political explanation argues that stronger organizational linkages with ruling parties have a demobilizing effect, while the explanation based on grievances claims that increases in enrollments and private expenditures promote mobilization. Regression analyses are used to tests these claims. Increased private spending does not affect mobilization, while expanded access to college does increase the frequency of protests. To gauge the effect of party linkages, two student-party linkages scores, based on an expert survey, are used. The findings show that stronger linkages with ruling parties lower protest frequency whereas linkages with the opposition do not have a significant effect.
Does Silence Speak? An Empirical Analysis of Disclosure Choices during Conference Calls

In this paper, we exploit the open nature of conference calls to explore whether managers withhold information from the investing public. Our evidence suggests that managers regularly leave participants on the conference call in the dark by not answering their questions. We find that the best predictors of such an event are firm size, a CEO's stock price–based incentives, company age, firm performance, litigation risk, and whether analysts are actively involved during the call's Q&A section. Finally, we document strong support for the assumption maintained in the literature that investors interpret silence negatively. That is, investors seem to interpret no news as bad news.
Modelling two-phase flow at the micro-scale using a volume-of-fluid method

We present a numerical scheme to model two-phase flow in porous media where capillary forces dominate over viscous effects. The volume-of-fluid method is employed to capture the fluid-fluid interface whose dynamics are described based on a finite volume discretization of the Navier– Stokes equations. Interfacial forces are calculated directly on reconstructed interface elements such that the total curvature is preserved. The computed interfacial forces are explicitly added to the Navier–Stokes equations using a sharp formulation which effectively eliminates spurious currents. The numerical model is validated in terms of physics, robustness, and mesh convergence, using an extensive hierarchy of static and dynamic test cases including wetting effects at the solid interface in two and three space dimensions. Next we provide an extensive study of viscous coupling effects in porous media flows, where the flow of one phase in the centre of a pore affects the flow of phases in layers or corners and vice versa. We perform two-phase flow simulations for different fluid configurations in noncircular capillary tubes to investigate viscous coupling effects as a function of viscosity ratio, contact angle, wetting phase saturation and wettability. We demonstrate the accuracy of our code in determining fluid velocities and capillary pressures, even for slow flows, where previous approaches fail. We specifically show the dependence of velocity profile and consequently flow conductivities on viscosity ratio and interface boundary condition, by modelling immiscible two-phase flow through an equilateral triangular capillary tube with sandwiched layers. We also demonstrate that imposing no-flow or free-slip interface boundary conditions at a clean fluid-fluid interface with zero interfacial shear viscosity, may lead to underor over-estimation of flow conductance in layers compared to the physically correct continuity boundary condition at the interface. We use two-phase direct numerical simulation results in conjunction with basic arguments from fluid mechanics to present parametric models that estimate fluid conductivities as a function of the geometry and viscosity ratio. These scaling models, which take into account the flow coupling, can then be incorporated into pore-to-Darcy-scale flow models, for example two-phase pore-network models, to study the effects of viscous coupling on macroscopic flow properties such as relative permeabilities. These network models provide a much more computationally efficient framework for the simulation of flows to the centimetre or larger scales. Furthermore, in future work our methods can be used to assess local recovery and displacement mechanisms in multiphase flow using pore-scale images of different rocks.
Cognitive and Behavioral Biases Toward Close Partners in Conflict with Others

Title of Thesis: COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL BIASES TOWARD CLOSE PARTNERS IN CONFLICT WITH OTHERS Josh E. Ryan, Master of Science, 2019 Thesis Directed By: Associate Professor, Edward P. Lemay Jr., Department of Psychology The current research explored whether people exhibited biased perceptions and behavioral responses to conflicts involving close partners relative to more psychologically distant relations. In Study 1, participants read a short vignette describing a conflict between two individuals in which one person (i.e., the perpetrator) upset or hurt another (i.e., the victim). Participants either imagined a close partner filling the role of perpetrator, victim, or neither role, in the conflict scenario. Results indicated that participants both attributed and communicated more blame for individuals who hurt or upset close partners relative to strangers – a “magnification” effect. Participants also communicated less blame for victims who were close partners relative to strangers. In Study 2, participants recalled actual conflicts where either close or distant partners served the role of perpetrator or victims in conflicts with other individuals. Results indicated that participants “magnified” the blame for individuals who hurt or upset close, but not distant, partners. Participants also attributed less blame to close partners that they empathized with, and this reduction in blame predicted biased behavioral responding, which included more favorable portrayals of partners, less favorable portrayals of adversaries, more consolation of close partners, and more validation of partners who were upset by adversaries when partners were close relative to distant. Implications for these results and suggestions for future directions are discussed. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL BIASES TOWARD CLOSE PARTNERS IN CONFLICT WITH OTHERS
History of Childhood Maltreatment: Associations with Aggression and College Outcomes

ABSTRACT About one-third of college students report a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) which may lead to heightened arousal and emotional dysregulation; thus, there is reason to hypothesize problems with aggression in this population. We examined the associations between CM and aggression and the associations of each with college outcomes. Three-hundred sixty-nine college participants completed self-report questionnaires on childhood maltreatment, aggression, and college adaptation with 158 meeting criteria for CM history. For all participants, we obtained documented GPA data. Results demonstrated group differences in aspects of aggression and social and personal-emotional college adjustment. We found significant associations between CM severity and the following: aggression, GPA, and personal-emotional college adjustment. Additionally, aggression was inversely related to various aspects of college adaptation. Participants’ self-reports of hostility and anger fully mediated the effect of emotional abuse on college personal-emotional adjustment, and partially mediated the effect of emotional neglect. CM severity, physical aggression and personal-emotional adjustment to college explained a larger proportion of variance in GPA in the CM group than in the Comparison group. These results indicate that a history of CM may give rise to heightened aggression contributing to low college adaptation and achievement, which may put students at risk for attrition.
Is Person–Organization Fit Beneficial for Employee Creativity? Moderating Roles of Leader–Member and Team–Member Exchange Quality

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of person–organization (PO) fit on employee creativity. We draw on social exchange theory and identify leader–member exchange (LMX) and team–member exchange (TMX) as moderating contingencies. Our empirical analysis based on 167 employee–supervisor dyads confirms that LMX activates the significance of PO fit toward creativity. In addition, under high LMX, PO fit effect on creativity is positive when TMX is high. Subsequent analyses show that employees with high PO fit exhibit the highest level of creativity when LMX and TMX are high. Findings on the three-way interaction among PO fit, LMX, and TMX toward creativity offer new insights into a phenomenon that is mostly neglected in the literature.
Highlights from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2003. NCES 2005-005.

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries. We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a variety of audiences. You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating information effectively. If you have any comments or suggestions about this or any other NCES product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to: ii iii Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the students, teachers, and school officials who participated in TIMSS 2003. Their time and effort have provided invaluable data to the nation. The authors also wish to thank all of those who contributed to the design, writing, production, and review of this report for their thoughtful critique, insightful suggestions, and creativity. In particular, the authors acknowledge the contributions of
Two-body abrasive behavior of areca sheath fibre reinforced polyvinyl alcohol composites

Tribological properties of randomly oriented benzyl chloride modified short areca sheath (AS) fibre reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites have been studied. The test specimens are prepared using various weights of fibres (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %) by injection molding process. Fibre content of 27 wt% is found to have better tensile strength, as determined by regression analysis. The tribological behavior under multipass abrasion condition and the impacts of applied load & sliding distance on specific wear rate and weight loss have also been investigated. It is found that 27 wt% of fibre loading shows better resistance to wear similar to tensile strength. Scanning electron microscopy is used to capture the images of wear surface at optimum fibre loading to have an idea about the wear mechanism of the composite.
NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEARNING MODEL FROM STUDENTS� PERSPECTIVES

Need analysis is required to take place before developing a model for learning so that results meet the needs of the students who will use the model. This descriptive study aims at finding out the needs in learning English grammar from students� perspectives at the EESP of the University of Bengkulu. The data was taken through a questionnaire with 65 questions given to 44 students who took Structure I Course in the 2016-2017 academic year and analyzed quantitatively. The results of this study reveal that the students need a clear goals of learning English grammar, learning approaches that uses the story-based, the deductive, and the inductive approach, a friendly and meaningful learning atmosphere, a learning model that incorporates the uses of stories and current technology for the teaching and learning process and has a complete support system especially the learning materials, and has an attitude, a final assignment and an individual learning process result assessments.Keywords: Needs analysis, model, grammar learning
Exploring the Potential of Religious Literacy in Pakistani Education

Religious education is a compulsory subject in Pakistani schools in which students learn basic knowledge about Islam without exploring the sectarian differences between each sect of Islam. The division of Muslims into Sunni and Shia and the further division of Sunni Muslims into different sects has caused massive sectarian violence in Pakistan. This study uses qualitative methods to explore the possibility of engaging with religious literacy and religious education to explain the purpose, contents, and practical application of religious education and to mitigate existing challenges linked to religion in Pakistan. Even though religious education does not support sectarian differences, individual opinions about sectarian differences are still a major component of divisiveness in Pakistani society. Through interviews with 25 teachers from different levels of education (six primary school teachers, five high school teachers, five college teachers, five university teachers, and four religious school teachers), in this article, I argue that teachers of religious education in schools are neither following a common faith in teaching religious education nor are they in full agreement on providing equal rights to all students of different religious beliefs. Rather, most believe in their personal ideology centered on their own particular religious sect that largely rejects the concept of religious literacy. There is a need for evaluation and improvement of the teaching and learning of religion in schools in order to explain misperceptions about its practical application as well as to engage religious education with diversity.
Data transfer and sharing within web service workflows.

viii Statement of Originality . x Acknowledgement . xi