Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of Botulinum toxin‐A injection for facial wrinkles: a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation

Botulinum toxin (BTX)‐A has been used for years in the reduction of facial wrinkles; however, histological and immunohistochemical changes after its use were not previously investigated. To evaluate histological and immunohistochemical changes after BTX‐A injection for facial wrinkles, sixteen volunteers, with wrinkles on the upper third of the face, were subjected to single injection of BTX‐A. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from peri‐orbital wrinkle site (crow's feet area) before and after 3 months of BTX‐A injection. Using histological and immunohistochemical evaluation coupled with computerized morphometric analysis, measurement of epidermal thickness, wrinkle depth and width as well as quantitative evaluation of collagen types I and III and elastin was performed for skin biopsies. After BTX‐A injections, there were significant increase in wrinkle width and granular layer thickness (P < 0.001), while the other histometrical measures as well as the immunohistochemical expression of collagen types I and III and elastin showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). However, collagen fibers showed better organization and orientation after BTX‐A injection. The histological changes observed after BTX‐A injection for facial wrinkles may help in better understanding of its mechanism of action.
Traveling Wave Accelerating Structure for A Superconducting Accelerator

We present a superconducting traveling wave accelerating structure (STWA) concept, which may prove of crucial importance to the International Linear Collider. Compared to the existing TESLA cavity design, the traveling wave structure can provide ∼20-40% higher accelerating gradient for the same aperture and the same peak surface RF magnetic field. The recently achieved SC structure gradient of 35 MV/m can be increased up to ∼50 MV/m with the new STWA structure design. The STWA structure is supposed to be installed into the superconducting resonance ring and is fed by one or two couplers (depending on the required input power) with appropriate phase advance to excite a traveling wave inside the structure. We discuss the structure design, optimization of the parameters, tuning requirements and plans for further development.
Progesterone sensitizes breast cancer MCF7 cells to imatinib inhibitory effects

In previous studies, we found that progesterone was able to induce the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) in human breast cancer MCF7 cells. Knowing that imatinib mesylate targets PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of imatinib on progesterone‐treated MCF7 cells. Expression of phosphorylated (activated) platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α (PDGFRα) was detected in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, phosphorylated‐PDGFRα expression was significantly downregulated by imatinib. The effects of imatinib on cell growth, apoptosis and migration were then analyzed. Imatinib effectively inhibited anchorage‐dependent colony formation, and cell viability as evaluated by MTT assay. Corroborating these findings, a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was also observed when cells were treated with imatinib. Surprisingly, these inhibitory effects were all enhanced by the presence of progesterone. Cell migration assays did also show a reduction in the migratory capacity after incubation with imatinib. These findings reveal that imatinib acts by decreasing MCF7 cell viability, growth and migration, with concomitant increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, incubation with progesterone seems to prompt cells to the inhibitory action of imatinib, probably by sustaining PDGFRα activity. The current study points out imatinib as a possible therapeutic strategy in progesterone‐dependent breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 607–614, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The health consequences of teenage fertility.

A review of the literature on the health consequences of teenage pregnancy and childbirth shows remarkable similarity in findings from studies conducted in the United States, Canada, Britain, France and Sweden. In particular, results of studies conducted since 1970 have tended to indicate that the increased risk of maternal complications from pregnancy and delivery among teenagers--especially those older than 15--is associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age. Smaller differences in maternal mortality between teenagers and older women exist in England and Wales than in the United States and France; this finding suggests that England and Wales may have minimized the age or socioeconomic factors contributing to a difference in rates. Inadequate prenatal care may be a major cause of pregnancy-related complications for mothers, since teenagers in all countries are more likely than older mothers to seek care late in the pregnancy or not all. There is a very marked association between young age of mother and low birth weight in all countries. Sweden has the lowest rate of low birth weight at all maternal ages, and the United States generally has the highest. Some of the apparent effect of young maternal age on birth weight may be because the birth is likely to be the mother's first, and first births have a higher incidence of prematurity. As in the case of maternal health, inadequate prenatal care has been singled out as an important determinant of both prematurity and low birth weight. Late fetal death rates in the United States, England and Wales, and France are slightly higher among teenagers than among women in their 20s. In Canada and Sweden, however, no substantially increased risk for young women is found. Perinatal death rates, which one might expect to be influenced more by environmental factors than are late fetal deaths, show a more marked increase among infants of teenagers than do rates of late fetal deaths. Again, Sweden does not fit the pattern. Studies that separate data for young teens and older teenage mothers also indicate that increased perinatal and late fetal mortality rates may occur only among very young teenage mothers. There is no evidence of an overall increase in congenital malformations among babies born to teenagers. When individual birth defects are examined, some studies have shown increased rates of cardiovascular and central nervous system malformations among the children of teenage mothers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Surgery in the patient with liver disease.

Patients with liver disease often undergo surgery. With the increasing prevalence of liver disease and improved survival due to newer medications and treatments, a growing number of patients with liver disease will require preoperative assessment. Because of the multiple physiological roles of the liver, hepatic dysfunction places these patients at an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The precise risks associated with specific liver diseases are poorly understood but are greater with increased impairment of hepatic function. Identifying preexisting problems that could be optimally and appropriately managed before surgery (e.g., coagulation status, intravascular volume, renal function, electrolytes, cardiovascular status, and nutrition) may reduce these risks and decrease mortality in patients with liver disease undergoing surgery.
Heat-Assisted Magnetization Reversal Using Pulsed Laser Irradiation in Patterned Magnetic Thin Film With Perpendicular Anisotropy

Cooling velocity of patterned Tb-Fe film with a lateral size of 50 times 50 mum2 was experimentally investigated for the application to heat-assisted writing operation in high-density magnetic random access memories. The patterned Tb-Fe film was heated-up by using pulsed YAG laser irradiations with the duration of 1 ns which is realizing a semi-adiabatic heating process. The ratio of magnetization reversal in the patterned Tb-Fe film was estimated by measuring an anomalous Hall voltage. The main results are as follows: (1) Magnetic field required for magnetization reversal of Tb-Fe film was decreased from 1.4 kOe to 200 Oe by applying the heat-assisted magnetization reversal method. (2) Cooling velocity of patterned Tb-Fe film can be estimated by using pulsed magnetic fields with various time delays from the pulsed laser irradiation. (3) With increasing the thermal conductivity coefficient of electrical leads, the velocity to cool the patterned Tb-Fe film increased.
P3F-7 Impact of Microstructure on Elastic Behavior of Cortical Bone

The axial transmission technique dedicated to clinical assessment of cortical bone involves propagation of various propagation modes such as Lamb type modes or lateral wave. As revealed by in vitro experiments, velocities of these elastic waves reflect a combination of bone properties, which themselves are highly related to bone strength: cortical thickness, porosity, elastic impedance and mineral content of the bone tissue. Assuming that bone properties could be evaluated from measured velocities, we investigated the sensitivity of elastic waves to these different bone properties, particularly to porosity, on the basis of finite difference time domain simulation approach. Results exhibit quadratic variations of the compression and shear velocity with porosity. For a typical transversely isotropic bone matrix, an increase of the porosity from 0% to 10% leads to a 4%-decrease of the compression velocity along the axial direction and an 11%-decrease of the compression velocity along the transverse direction, resulting in an increase of anisotropy (ratio c33/c11 of 17%. The impact of porosity on a specific propagation mode (S0 Lamb-mode type) used in axial transmission was derived
The transcriptomic profiling of COVID-19 compared to SARS, MERS, Ebola, and H1N1

COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis that threatens our way of life. As of April 29, 2020, COVID-19 has claimed more than 200,000 lives, with a global mortality rate of ~7% and recovery rate of ~30%. Understanding the interaction of cellular targets to the SARS-CoV2 infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of transcriptomic signatures of infection of COVID-19 compared to different respiratory viruses (Ebola, H1N1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV), to determine unique anti-COVID1-19 gene signature. We identified for the first time molecular pathways for Heparin-binding, RAGE, miRNA, and PLA2 inhibitors, to be associated with SARS-CoV2 infection. The NRCAM and SAA2 that are involved in severe inflammatory response, and FGF1 and FOXO1 genes, which are associated with immune regulation, were found to be associated with a cellular gene response to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, several cytokines, most significantly the IL-8, IL-6, demonstrated key associations with COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, the only response gene that was shared between the five viral infections was SERPINB1. The PPI study sheds light on genes with high interaction activity that COVID-19 shares with other viral infections. The findings showed that the genetic pathways associated with Rheumatoid arthritis, AGE-RAGE signaling system, Malaria, Hepatitis B, and Influenza A were of high significance. We found that the virogenomic transcriptome of infection, gene modulation of host antiviral responses, and GO terms of both COVID-19 and Ebola are more similar compared to SARS, H1N1, and MERS. This work compares the virogenomic signatures of highly pathogenic viruses and provides valid targets for potential therapy against COVID-19.
Labor Costs Incurred by Anesthesiology Groups Because of Operating Rooms Not Being Allocated and Cases Not Being Scheduled to Maximize Operating Room Efficiency

Determination of operating room (OR) block allocation and case scheduling is often not based on maximizing OR efficiency, but rather on tradition and surgeon convenience. As a result, anesthesiology groups often incur additional labor costs. When negotiating financial support, heads of anesthesiology departments are often challenged to justify the subsidy necessary to offset these additional labor costs. In this study, we describe a method for calculating a statistically sound estimate of the excess labor costs incurred by an anesthesiology group because of inefficient OR allocation and case scheduling. OR information system and anesthesia staffing data for 1 yr were obtained from two university hospitals. Optimal OR allocation for each surgical service was determined by maximizing the efficiency of use of the OR staff. Hourly costs were converted to dollar amounts by using the nationwide median compensation for academic and private-practice anesthesia providers. Differences between actual costs and the optimal OR allocation were determined. For Hospital A, estimated annual excess labor costs were $1.6 million (95% confidence interval, $1.5–$1.7 million) and $2.0 million ($1.89–$2.05 million) when academic and private-practice compensation, respectively, was calculated. For Hospital B, excess labor costs were $1.0 million ($1.08–$1.17 million) and $1.4 million ($1.32–1.43 million) for academic and private-practice compensation, respectively. This study demonstrates a methodology for an anesthesiology group to estimate its excess labor costs. The group can then use these estimates when negotiating for subsidies with its hospital, medical school, or multispecialty medical group.
Risk of Parkinson disease after depression

Objective: To evaluate the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) among patients with depression by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a matched cohort of 23,180 participants (4,634 patients with depression and 18,544 control patients) who were selected from the NHIRD. Patients were observed for a maximum of 10 years to determine the rates of new-onset PD, and Cox regression was used to identify the predictors of PD. We also examined the risk of PD after excluding patients who were diagnosed with PD within 2 or 5 years after their depression diagnosis. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with PD onset in patients with depression. Results: During the 10-year follow-up period, 66 patients with depression (1.42%) and 97 control patients (0.52%) were diagnosed with PD. After adjusting for age and sex, patients with depression were 3.24 times more likely to develop PD (95% confidence interval 2.36–4.44, p < 0.001) compared with the control patients. After excluding patients who were diagnosed with PD within 2 or 5 years after their depression diagnosis, patients with depression had a higher hazard ratio for developing PD than the control patients. The odds ratios for age (1.09) and difficult-to-treat depression (2.18) showed that each is an independent risk factor for PD in patients with depression. Conclusion: The likelihood of developing PD is greater among patients with depression than patients without depression. Depression may be an independent risk factor for PD.
THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN SOURCE AND FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT ON GROWTH AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF AWASSI LAMBS

A trial with twenty-four newly weaned Awassi lambs (initial body weight=21.5±0.8 kg) was conducted using a 3×2 factorial design to study the effect of feeding three sources of protein supplements (soybean meal (SBM), sunflower seed meal (SSM), and cottonseed meal (CSM)), either untreated or formaldehyde-treated on the growth performance and carcass traits of Awassi lambs. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of the six diets (4 lambs/treatment diet) and were individually fed for a period of 107 days. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Final live weight and average daily gain (ADG) were affected by both source of protein and formaldehyde treatment (undegradable protein). Lambs fed untreated diets had better (p<0.01) daily gain compared to those fed formaldehyde-treated diets. Similarly total feed intake per animal was significantly (p<0.05) affected by protein source and formaldehyde treatment. Formaldehyde treatment caused a significant decrease (p<0.01) in feed intake compared to lambs fed untreated diets. Feed requirement per unit of gain was not affected by formaldehyde treatment during all periods of the experiment except for the second period (the second 28 day period), whereby untreated SBM, SSM and CSM had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the treated groups. Source of protein had a moderate effect (p<0.10) on FCR, but had a significant effect (p<0.05) on hot and cold carcass weight, digestive tract empty weight and liver weight, with lambs fed SBM having higher values than lambs fed SSM and CSM diets. Supplementation with undegradable protein had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing-out percentage (p<0.05), final live weight, and hot and cold carcass weight (p<0.01). The lower values pertain to lambs fed treated diets compared to lambs fed untreated diets. In general, there were no significant differences among all carcass linear dimensions, carcass cut weights and dissected loin tissue weights for both treatments (protein source and formaldehyde treatment). Supplementation with undegradable protein but not the source of protein resulted in significantly higher dissected leg total bone weight (p<0.05), tibia and femur weight (p<0.05), and femur length (p<0.01) at the same carcass weight. Results suggest that the treatment of SBM, SSM and CSM with formaldehyde did not improve efficiency of feed utilization, lamb performance or carcass traits and that the SBM diet resulted in an increase in lamb performance compared to other experimental diets. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 8 : 1080-1087)
Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity in Andalusia (Spain)

Background: We studied the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from Andalusia, the southernmost county of Spain. A broad range of potential risk factors, covering lifestyles like physical exercise, eating habits and sleeping hours; individual characteristic such as age of the child and gender, as well as socio-economic and environmental factors, are considered to provide an analysis of the current situation, and enable subsequent development of counteracting programs. Methods: We analysed data from 2,325 resident children in Andalusia aged 8-15 years from 1999 to 2007. Explorative analysis was carried out to identify key features and logistic regression models were used to quantify possible relations of overweigh/obesity with potential risk factors. Results: Results based on logistic regression models confirm significant relations of overweight/obesity with age (odds ratio [OR]=0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]=(0.73,0.79)) and gender (OR=1.84; CI=(1.53, 2.22) for boys). Physical activity, sleeping hours and good diet habits related to an increase of milk and yogurt consumption decreased the risk of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children aged 8-15 years in Andalusia in 2007 was 29.8% (95% CI=(26.71, 31.93)), being in agreement with other studies of developed countries. None of the environmental factors considered were significant in combination with individual factors.
Percutaneous treatment of symptomatic central venous stenosis [corrected].

OBJECTIVES The increased use of central venous access primarily for hemodialysis has led to a significant increase in clinically relevant central venous occlusive disease (CVOD). The magnitude of and the optimal therapy for CVOD are not clearly established. The purpose of this study is to define the problem of CVOD and determine the success of percutaneous therapy for relieving symptoms and maintaining central venous patency. METHODS Patients presenting with disabling upper-extremity edema suggestive of central venous stenosis or occlusion during a 3-year period were evaluated by venography of the upper extremity and central veins. Percutaneous venous angioplasty (PTA) and/or stent placement was performed as clinically indicated. The success of therapy was assessed, and the patients were observed to determine the incidence of recurrence and additional procedures. Recurrent lesions underwent similar evaluation and treatment. RESULTS A total of 32 sides were treated in 29 patients with a mean of 1.9 interventions per side treated. Hemodialysis-related lesions were the underlying cause in 87% with the remaining 13% related to previous central venous catheterization. The lesions involved the axillary, subclavian, and innominate veins with complete venous occlusion in six (19%) cases. Percutaneous angioplasty was followed by stent placement in six (19%) cases. The procedure was a technical success and was performed without complications in all cases (100%). Mean follow-up was 16.5 months (range, 4-36 months). On average, patient symptoms were controlled for 6.5 months after the initial intervention. Recurrent edema led to additional PTA in 20 (63%) cases. Fifty percent (n = 14) of patients with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) experienced recurrent symptoms after initial and/or repeat PTA and required AVF ligation. Complete resolution after the initial PTA was predictive of long-term success. CONCLUSIONS Central venous occlusive disease has emerged as a significant clinical problem. Percutaneous venous angioplasty can provide temporary symptomatic relief; however, multiple procedures are often required and long-term relief is rarely achieved.
Metabolic rates related to muscle activity in bumblebees.

1. Oxygen consumption, thoracic temperature, and action potentials from the fibrillar muscles were concurrently recorded in queens and workers of Bombus vosnesenskii. 2. The oxygen consumption of ‘inactive’ bees (quiescent and/or producing fewer than 0.3 spikes/sec) was markedly temperature-sensitive, with a Q10 of 3.4 for thoracic temperatures of 25-35 °C. 3. The oxygen consumption of bees with active fibrillar muscles was directly correlated with spike frequency; a single spike was associated with the consumption of 2.3-2.6 µl O2/gth. No oxygen debt was observed. 4. The oxygen consumption per spike during flight was similar to that during warm-up. 5. Oxygen consumption per gram thorax was similar in queens and workers engaging in similar activity. 6. The results are compared with those from other insects and their adaptive significance is discussed.
Rapid tranquillisation: a global perspective

Violence and aggression among patients suffering from mental health problems undoubtedly pose a challenge to healthcare professionals, families and carers. Aggressive behaviours affect all aspects of clinical care. The goal of professionals is to ensure safety while effectively managing behavioural emergencies. ‘Rapid tranquillisation’ implies prescribing pharmacological agents to manage these behaviours. This article highlights changing prescription trends. Appraisal of global guidelines suggests that factors other than scientific evidence dictate their evolution. High-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to develop a global guideline.
Methods and Global Environmental Governance

This review analyzes the methods being used and developed in global environmental governance (GEG), an applied field that employs insights and tools from a variety of disciplines both to understand pressing environmental problems and to determine how to address them collectively. We find that methods are often underspecified in GEG research. We undertake a critical review of data collection and analysis in three categories: qualitative, quantitative, and modeling and scenario building. We include examples and references from recent studies to show when and how best to utilize these different methods to conduct problem-driven research. GEG problems are often characterized by institutional and issue complexity, linkages, and multiscalarity that pose challenges for many conventional methodological approaches. As a result, given the large methodological toolbox available to applied researchers, we recommend they adopt a reflective, pluralist, and often collaborative approach when choosing methods appropriate .