Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The diabetic surgical patient

Purpose of review This review summarizes the current progress in disease classification, pathophysiology and management of diabetes mellitus with a special focus on treatment modalities and recommendations for the practicing anesthesiologist. Recent findings The revised classification of diabetes mellitus emphasizes disease cause and eliminates any reference to age-of-onset and insulin therapy. Hyperglycemia has emerged as an important marker of outcome in the operating room. Intensive insulin therapy promises to reduce health risk in the surgical and critical care setting. Perioperative β-blocker and statin therapy are likely to reduce cardiac morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Promotility therapy (with metoclopromide) intended to reduce the aspiration risk of diabetic gastroparesis is likely over-utilized and may only be indicated for diabetics with poor glucose control and high hemoglobin A1c levels. Summary According to World Health Organization projections, anesthesiologists can expect to care for more diabetic patients than ever before. Diabetes and its associated complications present unique challenges to the perioperative physician. As biomedical research continues to unravel the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of this complex metabolic disease, our specialty must be prominently involved in the design and testing of innovative treatments to protect the diabetic patient from the risks of surgery and anesthesia.
Nutrient Requirements Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets Preferentially Incorporate RRR-over All-rac-- Tocopherol into Milk , Plasma and Tissues 1

Synthetic vitamin E, all-rac-tocopherol, contains eight different stereoisomers, only one of which, RRR-tocopherol, occurs naturally. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the relative abilities of these two vitamin E forms to enrich piglet tissues when fed as -tocopheryl acetates to sows during pregnancy and lactation. -Tocopherol delivery to fetuses and to suckling piglets was monitored by feeding 150 mg each of d3-RRRand d6-all-rac-tocopheryl acetate to three pregnant sows daily from 7 d before to 7 d after giving birth. Labeled and unlabeled vitamin E concentration ratios were measured in sow plasma and milk, and in piglet (n 9) plasma and tissues at birth, 7 and 21 d. At birth, despite elevated sow plasma deuterated -tocopherol concentrations, no labeled -tocopherol was detected in piglet plasma or tissues. Sow plasma and milk d3to d6-tocopherol concentrations were 2:1, leading to a 2:1 ratio in suckling piglet plasma and tissues. In piglets at d 7 compared with birth, most tissues contained a 10-fold increase in total -tocopherol; the highest deuterated vitamin E concentrations were in the liver, followed by the lung, heart, kidney, muscle, intestine and brain. In conclusion, pigs discriminate between RRRand all-rac-tocopherol with a preference for RRR-tocopherol; thus, the official bioequivalence ratio of 1.36:1 RRRto all-rac-tocopherol is underestimated. After initiation of suckling, piglet plasma and tissues demonstrated a dramatic increase in vitamin E concentrations, emphasizing the limited placental vitamin E transfer and the importance of milk for enhancing the vitamin E status of the newborn. J. Nutr. 132: 1258–1264, 2002.
Phase II Study of Amrubicin Combined with Carboplatin for Thymic Carcinoma and Invasive Thymoma: North Japan Lung Cancer Group Study 0803

Background: There has been no standard chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent thymic malignancies including thymic carcinoma (TC) and invasive thymoma (IT), though platinum and anthracycline have been reported as effective agents for the treatment of these diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of amrubicin (AMR), a new anthracycline agent, and carboplatin (CBDCA) in patients with advanced thymic malignancies. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed thymic malignancies received AMR (35 mg/m2, days 1–3) and CBDCA (area under the curve 4.0, day 1) every 3 weeks. Patients who had received previous chemotherapy were treated with a reduced dose of AMR (30 mg/m2). The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity profile. Results: From December 2008 to October 2012, 51 patients (33 TC and 18 IT) were enrolled. The median number of treatment cycles was four in each group. The ORR and progression-free survival were 30% (95% confidence interval, 14–46) and 7.6 months in the TC group, and 17% (95% confidence interval, 0–34) and 7.6 months in the IT group, respectively. The ORR of TC patients without previous chemotherapy (n = 19) was 42%. Although grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities were common including neutropenia (82%) and febrile neutropenia (22%), these were transient and manageable. Nonhematological toxicities were moderate and no treatment-related death was observed. Conclusions: The combination of AMR with CBDCA was active for TC with acceptable toxicity, although it was not effective for IT. Further investigation of this regimen for advanced TC is warranted.
Retraction Retracted : Decursin Isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai Rescues PC 12 Cells from Amyloid β-Protein-Induced Neurotoxicity through Nrf 2-Mediated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 : Potential Roles of MAPK Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

At the request of the authors, the article titled “Decursin Isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai Rescues PC12 Cells from Amyloid β-Protein-Induced Neurotoxicity through Nrf2Mediated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1: Potential Roles of MAPK” [1] has been retracted. e article was found to have serious concerns in the figures. An erratum [2] was previously published to correct Figures 2(a) and 5(b), but an additional figure duplication issue was raised on PubPeer in which the GADPH bands in Figure 6(a) are the same as those in Figure 6(c) but rotated 180 degrees. We asked the authors to provide us with the raw blots for every figure in the original article and the erratum, but they did not have the original data because the experiments were done ten years ago. e authors said it would take a long time to repeat the results and although they do not believe this affects the conclusions, the authors asked to retract the article to avoid misleading readers. ey sincerely apologize for the mistake and inconvenience.
Involvement of CCL25 (TECK) in the generation of the murine small‐intestinal CD8α α+CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment

The CC chemokine CCL25 (TECK) is selectively expressed in the thymus and small intestine, indicating a potential role in T lymphocyte development. In the present study we examined the role of CCL25 in the generation of the small‐intestinal CD8α α+CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) compartment. CCL25 mRNA expression in the murine small intestine increased at three weeks of age and corresponded with the appearance of CD8α α+CD3+ lymphocytes in the small‐intestinal epithelium. Administration of monoclonal neutralizing anti‐CCL25 antibody to two‐week‐old mice led to a ∼50% reduction in the total number of CD8α α+TCRγ δ+ and CD8α α+TCRα β+ IEL at four weeks of age. Freshly isolated murine CD8α α+CD3+ IEL migrated in response to CCL25 and expressed the CCL25 receptor, CCR9. Analysis of CCR9 expression on putative IEL precursor populations demonstrated the presence of both CCR9– and CCR9+ cells and indicated that up‐regulation of this receptor occurred during IEL precursor differentiation. Finally, data from wild‐type and RAG–/– mice suggested that the reduction in CD8α α+CD3+ IEL in anti‐CCL25 antibody treated mice resulted primarily from defective maintenance and/or development of IEL precursors rather than a direct effect on mature CD8α α+CD3+ IEL.
HPV16 L2 improves HPV16 L1 gene delivery as an important approach for vaccine design against cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been associated with the development of cervical cancer. HPV16 is the most dominant high-risk types of HPV worldwide. L1 and L2 are the major and minor capsid proteins of HPV, respectively. Both proteins are able to self-assemble as a virus-like particle (VLP). METHODS In the current study, the human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with the plasmid DNA encoding HPV 16 L1 or L1-L2 genes and their expression was compared using different transfection reagents. RESULTS Our data showed that the recombinant L1-L2 DNAs were expressed in a high efficiency compared to L1 DNAs as detected by western blotting, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, Lipofectamine and Turbofect as the transfection reagents conferred more potent delivery than PEI 25 kDa indicating high toxicity of this system on HEK-293 cells. These results suggest the use of the full length of L2 as an efficient agent for overcoming the cell barriers and poor uptake of DNA in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The high expression of HPV16 L1-L2 in HEK-293 cells using different delivery systems opens the way for new studies concerning to the use of L2 for DNA delivery via covalent linkage with the gene of interest (Fig. 5, Ref. 20).
Quantifying the Signaling Role of Education

This paper quantifies the signaling role of education by developing and estimating a model that introduces employer learning in an otherwise typical signaling model with socially productive education. In this hybrid model of signaling and human capital, employer learning is associated with a lower return to signaling. I show that, all else equal, markets with less signaling have lower educational attainment conditional on ability, and attract high-ability workers on average. Using panel data from the NLSY, I group workers by occupation, estimate the employer learning process for each group, and use the distribution of education and ability by occupation to estimate the relative significance of signaling and human capital models. The findings suggest that the role of job market signaling relative to the human capital model is 23%. On the margin, a year of schooling raises productivity by 6.4% and the return to signaling is 2.4%. The estimated efficiency cost associated with asymmetric information is 7.6% of life-time
Long‐term remission from life‐threatening hypercoagulable state associated with lupus anticoagulant (LA) following rituximab therapy

Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal CD20 antibody, is useful in the treatment of B‐cell lymphomas and certain autoimmune diseases. We report a successful outcome of rituximab for life threatening hypercoagulable state associated with lupus anticoagulant (LA). A 30‐year‐old woman initially presented 10 years ago with DVT and positive serology for SLE and LA. While on Coumadin, she suffered from recurrent DVT in the legs and arms, pulmonary emboli, Budd‐Chiari syndrome, mesenteric vein thrombosis, bone infarcts, recurrent strokes, and chronic ITP. All measures including plasmapheresis and monthly IV cyclophosphamide were of no benefit. She was recently admitted with spontaneous subdural hematoma with INR of 3.8. Upon discontinuation of anticoagulation for surgical drainage, she developed acute abdomen from thrombosis and recurrent DVT. Because she had failed prior standard measures, 4 weekly infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m2) were given following 2 rounds of plasmapheresis. Subsequently, she made a remarkable recovery over the next month and has been free of thrombosis on Coumadin for over 15 months. LA, IgM antibodies to cardiolipin, and B2GP1 were consistently positive. After rituximab therapy, LA became negative and IgM antibodies to cardiolipin decreased and ITP went into remission. Rituximab induced a lasting remission in a woman suffering from life‐threatening hypercoagulable state associated with LA. Her clinical remission was associated with disappearance of LA. Am. J. Hematol. 78:127–129, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Horizontal acquisition of a hypoxia-responsive molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway contributed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathoadaptation

The unique ability of the tuberculosis (TB) bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to persist for long periods of time in lung hypoxic lesions chiefly contributes to the global burden of latent TB. We and others previously reported that the M. tuberculosis ancestor underwent massive episodes of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), mostly from environmental species. Here, we sought to explore whether such ancient HGT played a part in M. tuberculosis evolution towards pathogenicity. We were interested by a HGT-acquired M. tuberculosis-specific gene set, namely moaA1-D1, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Horizontal acquisition of this gene set was striking because homologues of these moa genes are present all across the Mycobacterium genus, including in M. tuberculosis. Here, we discovered that, unlike their paralogues, the moaA1-D1 genes are strongly induced under hypoxia. In vitro, a M. tuberculosis moaA1-D1-null mutant has an impaired ability to respire nitrate, to enter dormancy and to survive in oxygen-limiting conditions. Conversely, heterologous expression of moaA1-D1 in the phylogenetically closest non-TB mycobacterium, Mycobacterium kansasii, which lacks these genes, improves its capacity to respire nitrate and grants it with a marked ability to survive oxygen depletion. In vivo, the M. tuberculosis moaA1-D1-null mutant shows impaired survival in hypoxic granulomas in C3HeB/FeJ mice, but not in normoxic lesions in C57BL/6 animals. Collectively, our results identify a novel pathway required for M. tuberculosis resistance to host-imposed stress, namely hypoxia, and provide evidence that ancient HGT bolstered M. tuberculosis evolution from an environmental species towards a pervasive human-adapted pathogen.
Evaluation of Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation by Al 2 O 3-Water Nanofluid

In this numerical work, natural convection and entropy generation of Al2O3–water nanofluid in square cavity have been studied. A two-dimensional steady laminar natural convection in a differentially heated square cavity of length L, filled with a nanofluid is investigated numerically. The horizontal walls are considered adiabatic. Vertical walls corresponding to x=0 and x=L are respectively maintained at hot temperature, Th and cold temperature, Tc. The resolution is performed by the CFD code "FLUENT" in combination with GAMBIT as mesh generator. These simulations are performed by maintaining the Rayleigh numbers varied as 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, while the solid volume fraction varied from 1% to 5%, the particle size is fixed at dp=33 nm and a range of the temperature from 20 to 70 °C. We used models of thermophysical nanofluids properties based on experimental measurements for studying the effect of adding solid particle into water in natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation of nanofluid. Such as models of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity which are dependent on solid volume fraction, particle size and temperature. The average Nusselt number is calculated at the hot wall of the cavity in a different solid volume fraction. The most important results is that at low temperatures (less than 40 °C), the addition of nanosolids Al2O3 into water leads to a decrease in heat transfer and entropy generation instead of the expected increase, whereas at high temperature, heat transfer and entropy generation increase with the addition of nanosolids. This behavior is due to the contradictory effects of viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. These effects are discussed in this work. Keywords—Entropy generation, heat transfer, nanofluid, natural convection.
Behavioral Relevance of the Dynamics of the Functional Brain Connectome

While many previous studies assumed the functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions to be stationary, recent studies have demonstrated that FC dynamically varies across time. However, two challenges have limited the interpretability of dynamic FC information. First, a principled framework for selecting the temporal extent of the window used to examine the dynamics is lacking and this has resulted in ad-hoc selections of window lengths and subsequent divergent results. Second, it is unclear whether there is any behavioral relevance to the dynamics of the functional connectome in addition to that obtained from conventional static FC (SFC). In this work, we address these challenges by first proposing a principled framework for selecting the extent of the temporal windows in a dynamic and data-driven fashion based on statistical tests of the stationarity of time series. Further, we propose a method involving three levels of clustering-across space, time, and subjects-which allow for group-level inferences of the dynamics. Next, using a large resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral dataset from the Human Connectome Project, we demonstrate that metrics derived from dynamic FC can explain more than twice the variance in 75 behaviors across different domains (alertness, cognition, emotion, and personality traits) as compared with SFC in healthy individuals. Further, we found that individuals with brain networks exhibiting greater dynamics performed more favorably in behavioral tasks. This indicates that the ease with which brain regions engage or disengage may provide potential biomarkers for disorders involving altered neural circuitry.
Capturing Outcomes of Clinical Activities Performed by a Rounding Pharmacist Practicing in a Team Environment: The COLLABORATE Study [NCT00351676]

Background:Medical inpatients are at risk for suboptimal health outcomes from adverse drug events and under-use of evidence-based therapies. We sought to determine whether collaborative care including a team-based clinical pharmacist improves the quality of prescribed drug therapy and reduces hospital readmission. Methods:Multicenter, quasi-randomized, controlled clinical trial. Consecutive patients admitted to 2 internal and 2 family medicine teams in 3 teaching hospitals between January 30, 2006 and February 2, 2007 were included. Team care patients received proactive clinical pharmacist services (medication history, patient-care round participation, resolution of drug-related issues, and discharge counseling). Usual care patients received traditional reactive clinical pharmacist services. The primary outcome was the overall quality score measured retrospectively by a blinded chart reviewer using 20 indicators targeting 5 conditions. Secondary outcomes included 3- and 6-month readmission. Results:A total of 452 patients (220 team care, 231 usual care, mean age: 74 years, 46% male) met eligibility criteria. Team care patients were more likely than usual care patients to receive care specified by the indicators overall (56.4% vs. 45.3%; adjusted mean difference: 10.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9%, 15.7%) and for each targeted disease state except for heart failure. Team care patients experienced fewer readmissions at 3 months (36.2% vs. 45.5%; adjusted OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.94) but not at 6 months (50.7% vs. 56.3%; adjusted OR; 0.78; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.15). Conclusions:In patients admitted to internal and family medicine teams, team-based care including a clinical pharmacist, improved the overall quality of medication use and reduced rates of readmission.
Hypouricaemic action of mangiferin results from metabolite norathyriol via inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity

Abstract Context Mangiferin has been reported to possess a potential hypouricaemic effect. However, the pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that its oral bioavailability was only 1.2%, suggesting that mangiferin metabolites might exert the action. Objective The hypouricaemic effect and the xanthine oxidase inhibition of mangiferin and norathyriol, a mangiferin metabolite, were investigated. Inhibition of norathyriol analogues (compounds 3–9) toward xanthine oxidase was also evaluated. Materials and methods For a dose-dependent study, mangiferin (1.5–6.0 mg/kg) and norathyriol (0.92–3.7 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice twice daily for five times. For a time-course study, mice received mangiferin and norathyriol both at a single dose of 7.1 μmol/kg. In vitro, inhibition of test compounds (2.4–2.4 mM) against xanthine oxidase activity was evaluated by the spectrophotometrical method. The inhibition type was identified from Lineweaver–Burk plots. Results Norathyriol (0.92, 1.85 and 3.7 mg/kg) dose dependently decreased the serum urate levels by 27.0, 33.6 and 37.4%, respectively. The action was more potent than that of mangiferin at the low dose, but was equivalent at the higher doses. Additionally, the hypouricaemic action of them exhibited a time dependence. In vitro, norathyriol markedly inhibited the xanthine oxidase activities, with the IC50 value of 44.6 μM, but mangiferin did not. The kinetic studies showed that norathyriol was an uncompetitive inhibitor by Lineweaver–Burk plots. The structure–activity relationships exhibited that three hydroxyl groups in norathyriol at the C-1, C-3 and C-6 positions were essential for maintaining xanthine oxidase inhibition. Discussion and conclusion Norathyriol was responsible for the hypouricaemic effect of mangiferin via inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity.
Inhibin a genepromoter polymorphisms in Korean women with idiopathic premature ovarian failure

Sang Ho Yoon1, Young Min Choi2,3,*, Min A. Hong2, Jin Ju Kim2,4, Hyoung June Im5, Gyoung Hoon Lee6, Byung Moon Kang7, and Shin Yong Moon2,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea Department of Occupational Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
C V ] 16 S ep 2 01 5 Guiding Long-Short Term Memory for Image Caption Generation

In this work we focus on the problem of image caption generation. We propose an extension of the long short term memory (LSTM) model, which we coin gLSTM for short. In particular, we add semantic information extracted from the image as extra input to each unit of the LSTM block, with the aim of guiding the model towards solutions that are more tightly coupled to the image content. Additionally, we explore different length normalization strategies for beam search in order to prevent from favoring short sentences. On various benchmark datasets such as Flickr8K, Flickr30K and MS COCO, we obtain results that are on par with or even outperform the current state-of-the-art.