Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edge hole direct tunneling leakage in ultrathin gate oxide p-channel MOSFETs

This paper examines the edge direct tunneling (EDT) of holes from p/sup +/ polysilicon to underlying p-type drain extensions in off-state p-channel MOSFETs having ultrathin gate oxides that are 1.2 nm-2.2 nm thick. It is for the first time found that for thinner oxides, hole EDT is more pronounced than both conventional gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) and gate-to-channel tunneling. As a result, the induced gate and drain leakage is more accurately measured per unit gate width. Terminal currents versus input voltage are measured from a CMOS inverter with gate oxide thickness T/sub OX/=1.23 nm, exhibiting the impact of EDT in two standby modes. For the first time, a physical model is derived for the oxide field E/sub OX/ at the gate edge by accounting for the heavy and light holes' subbands in the quantized accumulation polysilicon surface. This model relates E/sub OX/ to the gate-to-drain voltage, oxide thickness, and doping concentration of the drain extension. Once E/sub OX/ is known, an existing direct tunneling (DT) model consistently reproduces EDT current-voltage (I-V), and the tunneling path size extracted falls adequately within the gate-to-drain overlap region. The ultimate oxide thickness limit due to hole EDT is projected.
Perceptual identification of talker ethnicity in Vancouver English

Studies of ethnolinguistic variation typically begin by describing the speech production variables used to index social groups. In this study, we begin with indexical recognition – the perceptual identification of speakers’ self-identified ethnic groups – to determine whether speakers produce ethnolinguistic variation and whether listeners are sensitive to it. Speech samples were recorded from thirty individuals from Metro Vancouver who self-identified as Chinese, East Indian, or White Canadian. These utterances were used in a perception task where listeners categorized speakers’ ethnicities. Listeners’ social networks were labeled according to the ethnic group with which they reported spending the most time. Analyses indicate that while speakers vary in their productive expression of ethnolinguistic variation, listeners are consistent in their labeling choices. Listener accuracy was higher for voices from the listeners’ reported social group and White voices. These results suggest that familiarity with ethnic groups through social networks and mainstream culture influences indexical recognition.
Visual search for conjunctions of motion and form : the efficiency of attention to static versus moving items depends on practice

Visual search for some motion-form conjunctions can be performed in parallel. Yet, if the target is easy to discriminate from the nontargets (target line tilted 45 from the vertical), search can be easier for a moving than for a stationary target. Driver and McLeod (1992; Berger & McLeod, 1996) took this asymmetry to argue that gross aspects of form discrimination are performed within a motion filter thatrepresents only the moving items, whereas discrimination of stationary items (and all fine discrimination) relies on a static form system. However, recent (unsuccessful) attempts to replicate the asymmetry (Muller & Found, 1996; Muller & Maxwell, 1994) suggested that it may occur only early during task performance, due to participants having difficulty keeping the moving items out of the search for a stationary target (but not vice versa). This was confirmed by the present study, which investigated the effects of practice on search among the moving and stationary subset of items. The results suggest that .
MAGNETIC FLUX TRANSPORT AND THE LONG-TERM EVOLUTION OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS

With multiple vantage points around the Sun, Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and Solar Dynamics Observatory imaging observations provide a unique opportunity to view the solar surface continuously. We use He ii 304 Å data from these observatories to isolate and track ten active regions and study their long-term evolution. We find that active regions typically follow a standard pattern of emergence over several days followed by a slower decay that is proportional in time to the peak intensity in the region. Since STEREO does not make direct observations of the magnetic field, we employ a flux-luminosity relationship to infer the total unsigned magnetic flux evolution. To investigate this magnetic flux decay over several rotations we use a surface flux transport model, the Advective Flux Transport model, that simulates convective flows using a time-varying velocity field and find that the model provides realistic predictions when information about the active region's magnetic field strength and distribution at peak flux is available. Finally, we illustrate how 304 Å images can be used as a proxy for magnetic flux measurements when magnetic field data is not accessible.
Analysis of motor performance in individuals with cerebral palsy using a non-immersive virtual reality task – a pilot study

Purpose To evaluate the performance improvement of individuals with hemiparesis cerebral palsy (CP) using a virtual task. Participants and methods Twenty individuals were selected and distributed into two groups. The experimental group (CP group) comprised ten individuals with a medical diagnosis of CP, and ten individuals with typical development (sex- and age-matched) composed the control group (TD group). Both groups followed the same intervention protocol, which included a virtual coincident timing task: the participants performed upper limb movements in front of a computer’s webcam and interacted with the task with the aim of virtually intercepting spheres that fell in four rows following the rhythm of a pre-selected song during an 8-minute period. To verify the influence on a real task, pre- and posttests were performed in a similar task, but with physical contact (using the spacebar on the keyboard of a computer). To analyze the data, we evaluated the variable, constant, and absolute errors during the task and in the pre- and posttests. Results The results showed that there was an improvement in performance between the pre- and posttests; that is, after practicing the task in an environment without physical contact, there was a performance improvement in posttests in the real task, but only for the CP group. Moreover, there were significant differences in precision and accuracy between the two groups, with worse performance in the CP group. Conclusion Individuals with CP presented better performance in the real task after practice in a virtual reality task, albeit with worse performance compared with individuals with TD. This is an interesting result that supports the possible use of virtual tasks for the rehabilitation of individuals with CP.
Social and Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Private Savings: A Case Study of a Developing Economy

We examine the effects of various new variables relating to uncertainty and find that “social uncertainty” in the form of increased crime is leading to portfolio substitution from bank accounts towards savings in durable goods and other real assets in a typical low middle income economy of Pakistan. Accounting for the cultural phenomena of savings in gold and non-bank real assets in South Asia, we have modeled macroeconomic uncertainty through both the levels and the volatilities of gold prices and the stock market index, as well as income volatility. We find that higher social and macroeconomic uncertainty leads to larger precautionary savings in non-bank assets and thereby results in lower residual savings in the National Income Accounts; this result is robust and invariant to various measures of uncertainty. We also find support for the permanent income life cycle hypothesis and “weak form” evidence for Ricardian equivalence
DYNAMIC WETTABILITY PROPERTIES OF SINGLE WOOD PULP FIBERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ABSORBENCY

The Wilhelmy technique is used to measure dynamic wetting properties of single wood pulp fibers. Several different fiber types are examined, differing both in species and processing conditions. It is found that there are significant differences in water wettability of these fibers because of varying fiber surface chemistry. The compilation of a "dynamic wettability profile" for complex materials such as pulp fibers is advocated in order to characterize more fully the behavior of these materials in wetting situations. The bulk absorbency performance of three-dimensionally random pads of these fibers is found to be directly related to the initial advancing contact angles of single fibers. The measurement of single fiber wetting properties allows the separation of structural factors from surface chemical factors in considering the absorbency of a random network.
Developing Pragmatic Awareness of Suggestions in the EFL Classroom: A Focus on Instructional Effects.

The role of instruction to develop learners’ pragmatic competence in both second and foreign language contexts has recently motivated a great deal of research. However, most of this research has adopted an explicit instructional approach with only a few studies attempting to operationalise a more implicit condition for pragmatic learning. In order to further explore how both explicit and implicit treatments can be operationalised, the aim of this study is to ascertain the instructional effects of these two types of teaching conditions on learners’ pragmatic awareness of suggestions. The participants consisted of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) distributed into three intact classes: group A ( n = 24 ) worked on awareness-raising and production tasks receiving explicit metapragmatic explanations on suggestions; group B ( n = 25 ) was taught the use of suggestions by means of input enhancement and recast techniques; and group C ( n = 32 ) was a control group that did not receive any instruction on suggestions. The study adopted a pre-test and a post-test design to measure the effects of instruction on participants’ awareness of suggestions. Results from our analysis showed the positive effects of instruction on learners’ pragmatic awareness of suggestions. In addition, our findings illustrate the benefits of both explicit and more implicit instructional approaches to developing learners’ pragmatic awareness in the EFL classroom.
Validation of Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in elite athletes through a structural equation model

espanolLa resiliencia es una caracteristica psicologica que permite una adaptacion positiva ante la adversidad (Connor & Davidson, 2003; Grotberg, 2001; Wagnild & Young, 1990). Sus estudios en el campo deportivo no han sido muy numerosos, aunque en los ultimos anos esta tomando fuerza en esta area (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012; Galli & Vealey, 2012; Garcia- Secades et al., 2015). El trabajo que se presenta tiene como objetivos adaptar al campo deportivo la escala de resiliencia (CD-RISC), confirmar sus propiedades psicometricas, analizar y validar su consistencia interna en una poblacion de atletas de elite en diferentes deportes. La escala fue aplicada a una muestra de 287 atletas, 76,7% hombres y 23,3% mujeres diferenciados por cuatro niveles de competicion; 21,5% profesionales, 21,3% semi-profesionales, 43,9% amateur y 9,8% aficionados. Se utilizo un analisis basado en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) circunscritos a un analisis de confirmacion de los factores (CFA) y su consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach). Los resultados verificaron que el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, la mediacion del cuestionario y la estructura covariante de las respuestas obtenidas tienen un buen ajuste. Por tanto, la escala CD-RISC ha demostrado ser una herramienta confiable y valida para medir la capacidad de resiliencia de los deportista de elite pudiendo ser utilizada para medir los parametros psicologicos relacionados con el campo deportivo. EnglishResilience is a psychological characteristic that encourages positive adaptation in the face of adversity (Connor & Davidson, 2003; Grotberg, 2001; Wagnild & Young, 1990). It has seldom been studied within the field of sports but, in the last years the studies began to be more common (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012; Galli & Vealey, 2012; Garcia- Secades et al., 2015). This work has as purposes, to adapt the resilience scale (CDRISC) for the sport field, to confirm its psychometrics properties and to analyses, validation its internal consistency in a population of elite athletes in different sports. The scale was administered to a sample of 287 athletes, 76.7% male and 23.3% female, determined by four levels of competition; 21.5% professionals, 21.3% semi-professionals, 43.9% amateur and 9.8% enthusiastic. It was an analysis based on structural equations modelling (SEM) encompassed within confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and its internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha). The results verified that the modelling of structural equation, the model for measuring the questionnaire and the covariant structure of the responses obtained have a good fit. Thus, the CD-RISC scale has shown itself to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring the resilience of elite athletes and it can also be used to measure psychological parameters related to the field of sports.
Country brand equity model: Sustainability perspective

A recent interest in country branding reached considerable levels by academic, research and professional communities (Ashworth et al., 2010; Cevero, 2013; Fetscherin, 2010; Szondi, 2007; Kotler & Keller, 2012; Dinnie, 2008; Gertner, 2011; Go et al., 2011; Warnaby et al., 2013). As the global economy becomes a paradigm for competition and exports, the role of country branding becomes more apparent (Marruti & Tench, 2015). Every brand projects its image into the market by either communication or marketing activities (Kotler & Keller, 2012) or by the previous exposure to the brand (Kapferer, 2004; Shimp, 2007). Consequently, country brands gain their global position by just being there or by executing their country branding strategy (Marruti & Tench, 2015). Inevitably, countries reflect their populations’ image and are a major source of the national pride of their inhabitants (Marruti & Tench, 2015). Consequently, citizens personify themselves with the reputation of their country (Cevero, 2013) causing the identity of country brand image to become strong reflection of the overall country brand equity. At the same time, every country projects image of its people (Kotler & Keller, 2012; Anholt, 2007). Because countries provide a bridge between information and economic impact, they are brands and, therefore, must be dynamic in nature and change their perception to achieve their global positioning goals (Anholt, 2007; Dinnie, 2008; Lindemann, 2010; Sevin, 2011). Consequently, country brand strategists face an ongoing challenge to constantly question, change and improve reflection of the images of their countries to maximize their global positions (Marruti & Tench, 2015). Because of the complex, global and comprehensive impact, a country has been chosen as the place for research in this paper. Besides, in this paper, we use interchangeably “country”, “destination” and “national” brand (Fetscherin M, 2010). A number of researches consider national branding in political, diplomatic and economic scenarios, while governments are basically interested in the context of diplomacy and international relationships when promoting a country (Jaffe et al., 2001; Anholt, 2007; Jansen, 2008; Rojas-Méndez, 2013; Aronczyk, 2013). National branding Abstract: This paper proposes a model of country brand equity that incorporates the issue of sustainability in determining destination brand equity. In particular, the model includes elements of sustainability as its core dimensions and promotes the concept of the country sustainability promise that transforms destination resources into the positive perception and experience. The theoretical model is empirically tested using global secondary data confirming that country image is the most important element followed by sustainability and loyalty. Also, the analysis suggests the existence of the higher order construct confirming the country brand equity concept. Based on the research findings, the article offers some implications to the destination managers by suggesting the direction for further development and strategy implementation.
Exploring the Effect of Immediate Video Feedback on Coaching

Although evidence-based practices for autism spectrum disorders exist, they are often not effectively incorporated into school-based programs, indicating a need for enhanced training strategies for educators. This study examined the effects of immediate video feedback during coaching for teachers and paraprofessionals learning Classroom Pivotal Response Teaching (CPRT). Special education teachers, along with their classroom paraprofessionals, were randomly assigned to a coaching as usual (CAU) or a coaching with video enhancement (VE) condition. Both groups received both verbal and written feedback regarding strengths and weaknesses of their CPRT implementation. Additionally, the VE condition received video feedback during their coaching sessions. Overall, teachers demonstrated higher fidelity of implementation than paraprofessionals, t(44) = −2.73, p < . 01, but no significant group differences were identified between VE and CAU conditions. Univariate analysis of variance models were conducted to examine the relationship between participant satisfaction regarding overall quality of the training and highest percentage of CPRT components passed, F(2, 37) = 3.93, p = . 03. Results indicate use of the iPad may impact training outcomes and participant satisfaction with training procedures and add to the very limited literature on how technology may be used to enhance in-service training for teachers.
Alternative procedures for testing fixed effects in repeated measures designs when assumptions are violated

In this article we examined the performance of a mixed model Kenward-Roger’s adjusted F-test based on the correct covariance structure and the multivariate extension of the modified BrownForsythe method in a mixed repeated measures design. These two procedures were compared with regard to their power and robustness when multisample sphericity and multivariate normality assumptions are violated separately and jointly. Monte Carlo comparison shows that, overall, both methods do a reasonable job of controlling the rates of error for both normal data, as well as certain types of non-normal data. With respect to power, the results indicate that the mixed model analyses using the true structure model was generally more powerful than the modified BrownForsythe procedure. Procedimientos para contrastar efectos fijos en disenos de medidas repetidas cuando se incumplen los supuestos. En este articulo se examina el comportamiento de un modelo mixto con los grados de libertad ajustados mediante la correccion de Kenward-Roger y el procedimiento multivariado de BrownForsythe modificado en un diseno de medidas parcialmente repetidas. Estos dos enfoques fueron comparados con respecto a su potencia y robustez cuando los datos incumplian separada y conjuntamente los supuestos de normalidad conjunta multivariada y esfericidad multimuestral. Globalmente, las comparaciones Monte Carlo ponen de relieve que los dos enfoques controlaban adecuadamente las tasas de error cuando los datos eran normales, asi como para cierto tipo de datos no normales. Sin embargo, el enfoque del modelo mixto basado en la verdadera estructura de covarianza tenia mayor sensibilidad para captar los efectos no nulos que el procedimiento de Brown-Forsythe modificado.
Teachers' Perspectives on Transforming Teacher Education Curriculum for Relevance to Basic Education for Sustainable Development.

The study sought to investigate teachers’ perspectives on how the teacher education curriculum could be transformed to be relevant for basic schooling and contribute to sustainable development. The objective was to understand the views of the university lecturers, teachers in schools and teacher trainees on the relevance of the curriculum offered at a university to the school curriculum.The school curriculum reform from the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) in South Africa (SA) brought about changes in the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and teaching approaches and teachers are obliged to keep up with these changes, understand the PCK and change their teaching approaches to fit the new curriculum. In addition, teacher trainees (university graduates) are expected to teach the same curriculum when allocated to schools for teaching practice. Based on this expectation, I argue that there seems to be an assumption that changes in the school curriculum find their way to the universities and influence the content of teacher education curriculum whereas this may not be the case. The teacher education curriculum does not focus on the content offered in schools but academic content and engages students in theories that would enable them to see the world differently.A qualitative interpretive approach to generate data through semi-structured interviews from teacher trainees, schoolteachers and university lecturers who were purposively selected was used. The approach was used in order to understand the views of the participants on how the teacher education curriculum could be transformed in order to be relevant to basic schooling. Findings revealed that the teacher education curriculum is not relevant for basic schooling in that teacher trainees are not exposed to the curriculum offered in schools; traditional teaching approaches are still used at the university whereas schools use outcomes-based approaches. As a result, teacher trainees find it difficult to navigate the system. The paper recommends that there is a need to transform the teacher education curriculum so that it becomes relevant and contributes to sustainable development.