Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trait inferences: Sources of validity at zero acquaintance.

Consensus between self-ratings and stranger ratings of personality traits was investigated. A sample of 100 adults was videotaped while entering and walking through a room, sitting down, looking into the camera, and reading a standard text. The targets then provided self-descriptions on 5 personality factors. A sample of 24 strangers who had never seen the targets before was given 1 of 4 types of information on the targets: (a) sound-film, (b) silent film, (c) still, or (d) audiotape. Strangers rated various physical attributes and 20 traits of each target. Level of information influenced the validity but not the reliability of the stranger ratings, which were most valid for extraversion and conscientiousness. Extraversion covaried most strongly with physical attributes, and implicit theories on the covariation of traits with physical attributes were more accurate for extraversion and conscientiousness than for agreeableness, emotional stability, and culture. If judges indicate their impressions of other people, their judgments usually correlate with the self-reports of the ratees. Moreover, the correlations between self-ratings and ratings by judges tend to be higher the more the judges know about the targets (Cloyd, 1977; Funder & Colvin, 1988; Norman & Goldberg, 1966; Paunonen, 1989). The highest correlations are usually found between self-reports and ratings by spouses. McCrae and Costa (1989) report correlations between self-ratings and spouse ratings from . 53 to . 60, whereas they report somewhat lower correlations, ranging from . 32 to . 54, between self-reports and ratings by a single peer. These findings indicate that (a) personality ratings reflect actual attributes of the target persons rather than illusions that exist only in the eye of the beholder, and (b) self-ratings and ratings by others agree more the more that both reflect shared information concerning the targets' personality. Consensus at Zero Acquaintance This raises the question of how much information is required in order that ratings by others possess some validity. We use the term valid to indicate that ratings by strangers or acquaintances correlate substantially with the targets' self-reports. At first glance, this is a curious usage of the idea of validity because self-reports are usually more suspect than observer ratings and are therefore frequently validated against observer ratings. But we have a special case here: Because the observers are strangers, the self-ratings are the more dependable measure of the actual personality of the ratees.
Induced An Urban Metropolitan Perspective

eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: Most studies of induced travel demand have been carried out at a fine to medium grain of analysis-either the project, corridor, county, or metropolitan levels. The focus has been on urban settings since cities and suburbs are where the politics of road investment most dramatically get played out. The problem assigned to induce demand- like the inability to stave off traffic congestion and curb air pollution- are quintessentially urban in nature. This paper reviews, assesses, and critiques the state-of-the-field in studying induced travel demand at metropolitan and sub-metropolitan grains of analysis. Its focus is on empirical and ex post examinations of the induced demand phenomenon as opposed to forecasts or simulation. A meta-analysis is conducted with an eye toward presenting an overall average elasticity estimate of induced demand effects based on the best, most reliable research to date.
Impact of Sustainable Soil Management Practices on Tomato M (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill ) production in Dhading District of Nepal

Sustainable management of soil is a benchmark of organic and sustainable agriculture. A research on economic impact of sustainable soil management practices on tomato production in Dhading district of Nepal was carried out in 2012 where sustainable soil management (SSM) program was successfully launched for five years. Altogether, 60 tomato producers were selected randomly for the study. Primary data were obtained using pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Per ropani expenditure on seed, manure and average cost in tomato production were found significantly increased whereas, cost of chemical fertilizers, cost of pesticides and total cost were significantly decreased after the adoption of SSM practices as compared to before adopting SSM practices. Gross margin was higher by NRs.1472. 31 compared to before SSM practices. Similarly, B: C ratio was significantly higher by 0.32 after using SSM practices whereas, return to scale was 1.098 and 0.719 for after and before adopting SSM practices respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function revealed human labor and organic manure for after SSM practices and seed including organic manure for before SSM practices as the significant factors determining tomato production. All the resources were not utilized to optimum economic level in tomato production and for optimum allocation human labor, expenditure on seed and organic manure is required to increase by 42.1 per cent, 64.1 per cent, 79.6 per cent respectively whereas, expenditure on chemical inputs is required to decrease by 137.1 per cent. For healthy soil and environment and achieving sustainable production and quality product farmers were adopting SSM practices.
Hybrid model using logit and nonparametric methods for predicting micro-entity failure

Following the calls from literature on bankruptcy, a parsimonious hybrid bankruptcy model is developed in this paper by combining parametric and non-parametric approaches.To this end, the variables with the highest predictive power to detect bankruptcy are selected using logistic regression (LR). Subsequently, alternative non-parametric methods (Multilayer Perceptron, Rough Set, and Classification-Regression Trees) are applied, in turn, to firms classified as either “bankrupt” or “not bankrupt”. Our findings show that hybrid models, particularly those combining LR and Multilayer Perceptron, offer better accuracy performance and interpretability and converge faster than each method implemented in isolation. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that the introduction of non-financial and macroeconomic variables complement financial ratios for bankruptcy prediction.
Some reflections on the origins of MBSR, skillful means, and the trouble with maps

The author recounts some of the early history of what is now known as MBSR, and its relationship to mainstream medicine and the science of the mind/body connection and health. He stresses the importance that MBSR and other mindfulness-based interventions be grounded in a universal dharma understanding that is congruent with Buddhadharma but not constrained by its historical, cultural and religious manifestations associated with its counties of origin and their unique traditions. He locates these developments within an historic confluence of two very different epistemologies encountering each other for the first time, that of science and that of the meditative traditions. The author addresses the ethical ground of MBSR, as well as questions of lineage and of skillful ‘languaging’ and other means for maximizing the possibility that the value of cultivating mindfulness in the largest sense can be heard and embraced and cultivated in commonsensical and universal ways in secular settings. He directly addresses mindfulness-based instructors on the subject of embodying and drawing forth the essence of the dharma without depending on the vocabulary, texts, and teaching forms of traditional Buddhist environments, even though they are important to know to one degree or another as part of one’s own development. The author’s perspective is grounded in what the Zen tradition refers to as the one thousand year view. Although it is not stated explicitly in this text, he sees the current interest in mindfulness and its applications as signaling a multi-dimensional emergence of great transformative and liberative promise, one which, if cared for and tended, may give rise to a flourishing on this planet akin to a second, and this time global, Renaissance, for the benefit of all sentient beings and our world.
Do Consumers Really Follow a Rule of Thumb? Three Thousand Estimates from 130 Studies Say 'Probably Not'

We show that three factors combine to explain the mean excess sensitivity reported in studies estimating consumption Euler equations: the use of macro data, publication bias, and liquidity constraints. When micro data are used, publication bias is corrected for, and the households under examination do not face liquidity constraints, the literature implies no evidence for the excess sensitivity of consumption to income. Hence little remains for pure rule-of-thumb behavior. The results hold when we control for 45 additional variables reflecting the methods employed by researchers and use Bayesian model averaging to account for model uncertainty. The estimates of excess sensitivity are also systematically affected by the order of approximation of the Euler equation, the treatment of non-separability between consumption and leisure, and the choice of proxy for consumption.
Peripheral Vascular Disease A Novel Intragraft Pressure-Guided Technique versus Angiography-Guided Technique in Salvage of Thrombosed Hemodialysis Graft : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: To evaluate the role of an intragraft pressure-guided technique (IGT) for salvaging thrombosed arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). Methods: Ninety hemodialysis patients with acutely thrombosed AVGs were randomized into two groups: 1) the intragraft pressure-guided technique (IGT) group, and 2) the angiography-guided technique (AGT) group. In IGT, treatment sites were identified by a balloon pullback method, and then selected according to intragraft pressure (IGP) obtained after effective thrombectomy. Whenever possible, IGP was stabilized at 50-100 mmHg by performing outflow and inflow treatments, in case IGP was greater than 100 mmHg and IGP smaller than 50 mmHg, respectively. All AGT treatments were guided by angiography, and technical success was determined by angiography as well. To further ensure the integrity of this study, operating physicians were blinded to technical endpoints. Results: Comparisons of IGT and AGT showed that IGT required significantly fewer angiograms (4.7 1.9 versus 13.1 3.6; p < 0.0001), fewer total angiographic frames (378.0 168.5 versus 1504.6 407.1; p < 0.0001), and shorter procedure time (60.1 20.5 versus 106.3 30.1 minutes; p < 0.0001) with a low complication rate (4.4%) and a high success rate (93.3%). Final IGP is useful in predicting 3-month patency (AUC = 0.77). Patients with final IGP below 80 mmHg compared to those with IGP above 80 mmHg had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of patency at 3 months (72.7% versus 39.1%; p = 0.007 by log-rank test). Conclusion: The IGT is a safe and effective technique that may reduce the need for angiography and shorten the procedure time necessary to salvage AVGs. Final IGP may predict the post-salvage 3-month patency.
Radiation exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Is there a risk of the patient and the operating team?

Background: The aim of this study was to calculate the radia on amount exposed during percutaneous nephrolithototomy (PCNL) and to make the urologists and other staff sensi ve about the radia on risk they were exposed to. Materials and Methods: We measured the radia on exposure during 114 cases of PCNL performed. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were placed between the opera on table and the pa ent at the loca on of kidney and gonads of pa ents to measure the radia on exposure of pa ents. TLD were placed at the head, neck, finger and the legs of the opera ng surgeon to measure the occupa onal exposure of the urologist. And also two dosimeters were placed to the inner wall of the opera ng room and two dosimeters were placed to the hall. Results: The mean fluoroscopy screening me was 2.18 minutes (0.15 6.12) and the mean opera on me was 49 minutes (10-150). The mean radia on exposure for pa ents was 1.307 milisievert (mSv) at kidney loca on and 0.562 mSv at gonad loca on per procedure. Surgeon exposure was 0.021 and 0.003 mSv per procedure for hand and leg, respec vely. Radia on amounts exposed inside the room and by the surgeon were sta s cally significantly lower than measured radia on results compared to pa ent kidney. Conclusion: According to our findings radia on exposure of the pa ent and the surgeon is below the annual occupa onal dose limit recommenda ons. However, for protec ng from stochas c effects of radia on, fluoroscopy should be used as low as possible and lead aprons and thyroid shields must be worn to minimize the
Phylogeny of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) in Iran based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F sequences with a focus on leaf and style characters’ evolution

The present survey reports maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the genus Potentilla L. in Iran using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL-F intergenic region of chloroplast DNA. A total of 25 taxa from 9 sections, 2 intersectional hybrids, and 4 related genera of Iranian taxa plus 40 previously sequenced data were analyzed for both trnL-F and nrDNA ITS regions. Individual and combined analysis of ITS and trnL/F data revealed monophyly of the genus Potentilla. The Potentilla core group was composed of monophyletic subclades of the sections Persicae (Th.Wolf) Juz. , Potentilla, Micranthae Sojak. , and Speciosae (Th.Wolf) Juz. ; unresolved branches of the sections Rivales Poeverl. , Aureae (Rydb.) Juz. , Terminales, (Doll) Gren. & Godr. , and Pensylvanicae Poeverl. ; and the American genera Ivesia and Horkelia. The evolutionary trends of some diagnostic morphological traits were evaluated. Anther structure, and style shape and position evolved independently while multiple gains and parallel evolutions were inferred for leaf division.
Contingency Factors and the Technology-Performance-Relationship in Start-ups

This study identifies the pace of technological development and market heterogeneity as crucial environmental conditions shaping start-ups’ performance when commercializing radical technologies. Using a unique dataset that combines survey and patent data for 85 technology-based start-ups, we found that technological radicalness has a positive effect on performance when the development pace in a start-up’s technological field is high. Contrarily, under heterogeneous market conditions, technological radicalness diminishes a start-up’s performance. The results emphasize that the impact of technological radicalness on start-ups’ performance is context specific. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of when technological radicalness represents an asset or a liability for technology-based startups.
On the Structural Transformation of Rural Africa

From 2000 to 2014, per capita gross domestic product in Sub-Saharan Africa increased by almost 35 percent in real terms, doubling in some countries. Such progress happened while agricultural productivity growth remained low in the aggregate, despite some bright spots, and poverty reduction was steady but discouragingly slow. This paper argues that ending extreme poverty will require structural change in agriculture, and in rural African economies more broadly. Drawing on a range of recent research, the paper outlines broad priority areas for policy actions to accelerate productivity and initiate structural change in the agriculture sector and the rural nonfarm economy.
Ownership Dynamics with Large Shareholders: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract We study the empirical determinants of corporate ownership dynamics using a unique, hand-collected 20-year data set on the ownership structure of Chilean companies. Controllers’ blockholdings are on average high and stable over time. Controllers still make changes to their holdings through issuance and block trades. In a typical year controllers’ blockholdings decrease (increase) by 5 percentage points or more in approximately 6% (7%) of firms. We find that the separation between controllers’ voting and cash-flow rights reduces the likelihood of ownership dilution. Dilution is preceded by high stock returns and predicts low stock returns in the future when done through issuance.
Xanthan Stability at Elevated Temperatures

Xanthan stability is examined to define more clearly the polymer’s temperature limitations as a mobility-control agent. Experiments were performed to probe the relative importance of hydrolysis, oxidation, and helix-coil transitions in xanthan degradation. In the absence of oxidizing agents (i.e., dissolved oxygen), results indicate that free-radical, oxidationlreduction reactions are not the dominant mechanism for xanthan degradation. Depending on the pH, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and base-catalyzed fragmentation reactions may play important roles. With Arrhenius calculations, it was estimated that under ideal conditions (no dissolved oxygen, pH 7 to 8, and moderate to high salinities), a xanthan solution could maintain at least half of its original viscosity for a period of 5 years if the temperature does not exceed 75 to 80°C [167 to 176”FI. New polymers will be needed for chemical floods where xanthan does not have sufficient stabilitv.
The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Corruption in Target Countries: A Cross Country Study

Using a sample of 73 sanctioned and 60 non-sanctioned countries, as well as corruption data spanning the years 1995 to 2012, we attempt to find a relationship between economic sanctions and corruption in target countries 1 . Our findings suggest that countries that have undergone economic sanctions appear to be more corrupt than non-sanctioned countries. We also find that comprehensive economic sanctions tend to generate more corruption than partial sanctions. In this study, we run a regression to determine a linear relationship between corruption as the dependent variable and a number of independent variables, to include economic sanctions, the origin of legal system, the percentage of Protestant population, democracy, and economic development.
Information and Participation in Social Programs

Participation in social programs, such as clubs and other social organizations, results from a process in which an agent learns about the requirements, benefits, and likelihood of acceptance related to a program, applies to be a participant, and, finally, is accepted or rejected. The authors propose a model of this participation process and provide an application of the model using data from a social program in Mexico. Their empirical analysis illustrates that decisions at each stage of the process are responsive to expectations about the decisions and outcomes at the subsequent stages and that knowledge about the program can have a significant impact on participation outcomes.
Nostalgia: The Gift That Keeps on Giving

Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for a personally experienced and valued past, is a social emotion. It refers to significant others in the context of momentous life events and fosters a sense of social connectedness. On this basis, the authors hypothesized that (1) nostalgia promotes charitable intentions and behavior, and (2) this effect is mediated by empathy with the charity's beneficiaries. Five studies assessed the effect of nostalgia on empathy, intentions to volunteer and donate, as well as tangible charitable behavior. Results were consistent with the hypotheses. Study 1 found that nostalgia increases charitable intentions. Study 2 showed that this salutary effect of nostalgia on charitable intentions is mediated by empathy (but not by personal distress). Studies 3 and 4 corroborated these finding for different charities and in diverse samples. Finally, study 5 demonstrated that nostalgia increases tangible charitable behavior. By virtue of its capacity to increase empathy, nostalgia facilitates prosocial reactions.
Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises , Volume 13 , 1986 43 THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT HANDLING STYLES ON NEGOTIATION BEHAVIOR : AN ANALYSIS OF AN EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE

This paper presents an analysis of an experiential exercise designed to enable participants to identify how their preferred conflict handling behavior may influence the outcomes of a negotiation. Participants in this study were undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory management class. No significant differences were found between the negotiating outcomes of participants and their preferred conflict style. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to the learning objectives of the exercise and recommendations for modification are made.
Turbulence and productivity; an analysis of 40 Dutch regions in the period 1988-1996

A series of empirical studies has identified that a pervasive shift in the industrial structure away from large corporations and towards small enterprises has taken place between the mid-1970s and early 1990s. This shift occurred in virtually every single leading industrial country. The questions are whether such a shift is desirable and whether the resulting industrial structure should be promoted or avoided? From an empirical perspective there is growing evidence on the relation between size class distributions and economic performance. However, the question whether this change of the size class structure of industries has influenced economic performance is still underresearched. This has to do with a persistent lack in knowledge concerning questions like who enters and exits, what determines this mobility and what are its effects, in particular on economic performance. Empirical findings so far regarding to the economic effects of turbulence show mixed results. As entry and exit rates are rising, knowledge about the economic effects of turbulence is important for national and regional policymakers, as well as scientists. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of entry and exit of firms on productivity in a regional approach. A model for total factor productivity is estimated using data of 40 Dutch regions for the years 1988 through 1996. The regions can be desaggregated into two separate sectors: manufacturing and services. For the regions and sectors information about firm dynamics (number of entries, exits and existing firms) and economic indicators is available for the years 1988-1996. The findings indicate some positive effects of turbulence on total factor productivity of regions and thereby on productivity and growth at macro-level. In the service sector it was found that turbulence has an upward impact on the TFP growth in a region. It was also found that the effect of turbulence does not occur immediately. The estimates indicate that the effect is measurable after one year but that the effect is more pronounced after two years. No TFP effect of turbulence was found for manufacturing. However, entry and exit processes in the services sector may also affect performance in manufacturing as the sectors are interrelated in many regions.