Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When a Personal HPV Story on a Blog Influences Perceived Social Norms: The Roles of Personal Experience, Framing, Perceived Similarity, and Social Media Metrics

ABSTRACT The current study examines how a personal health story on a blog can influence individuals’ perceived social norms, adopting the notion that social norms are “group identity-based codes of conduct”. For that, we tested the effects of story framing and personal experience on perceived similarity, which interacts with social media metrics in forming perceived social norms. In an online experiment, college students (N = 220) were recruited to read a blogger’s story in either a gain-frame (the blogger received the HPV vaccine and, thus, prevented cancer) or a loss-frame (the blogger did not receive the vaccine and, thus, developed cancer) with either high or low social media metrics. Participants reported that they were more similar with the blogger in the gain-framed story than the one in the loss-framed story, especially among those who have received the HPV. This perceived similarity was positively associated with both descriptive and injunctive norms; however, the positive association between similarity and descriptive norms disappeared when the blog had low social media metrics. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Sustain Inflammatory Signals in Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In ulcerative colitis [UC], mucosal damage occurs in areas that are infiltrated with neutrophils. The antimicrobial function of neutrophils relies in part on the formation of extracellular web-like structures, named neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]. The formation and/or clearance of aberrant NETs have been associated with several immune diseases. Here we investigated the role of NETs in UC-related inflammation. METHODS The expression of NET-associated proteins was evaluated in colonic biopsies of patients with Crohn's disease [CD], UC and in normal controls [NC] by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Colonic biopsies of UC patients were analysed before and after anti-tumour necrosis factor α [anti-TNF-α] treatment. The capacity of neutrophils to produce NETs upon activation was tested in vitro. UC lamina propria mononuclear cells [LPMCs] were cultured with NETs in the presence or absence of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 [ERK1/2] inhibitor and inflammatory cytokine induction was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also characterized the contribution of NETs in dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced colitis. RESULTS NET-associated proteins were over-expressed in inflamed colon of UC patients as compared to CD patients and NC. Circulating neutrophils of UC patients produced NETs in response to TNF-α stimulation, and reduced expression of NET-related proteins and diminished NET formation were seen in patients receiving successful treatment with anti-TNF-α. Treatment of UC LPMCs with NETs activated ERK1/2, thus enhancing TNF-α and interleukin-1β [IL-1β] production. NETs were induced in mice with DSS-colitis and in vivo inhibition of NET release attenuated colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that NET release occurs in UC and suggest a role for NETs in sustaining mucosal inflammation in this disorder.
Can posttraumatic growth after breast cancer promote positive coping?—A cross‐lagged study

The diagnosis of breast cancer can be associated with significant emotional distress, yet, over time, cancer survivors also may experience positive psychological changes labeled posttraumatic growth (PTG). Two alternative paths between coping strategies and PTG were tested among breast cancer patients, employing longitudinal design: Would PTG after medical treatment of breast cancer lead to an increase in reporting positive coping strategies; alternatively, would positive coping strategies after medical treatment of breast cancer lead to increased PTG.
Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism rs2228570 (Fok1) Is Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in North American Natives

Objective. Vitamin D (VitD) has immunomodulatory activity relevant to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and acts by binding nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription. VitD receptor polymorphisms have been variably associated with RA. Because North American Native (NAN) populations have a high prevalence of RA with a strong genetic contribution, we studied potential associations of the rs2228570 (Fok1) VitD receptor polymorphism in a Canadian NAN population. Methods. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Fok1 was tested by sequencing NAN patients with RA (n = 448) and unrelated NAN controls (n = 704). Associations were tested using genotypic, dominant, and recessive models. Results. The minor allele frequency (F/C) in the NAN control population was 0.44 and lower than reported in white subjects of the same geographical area. The Fok1 VitD receptor SNP was significantly associated with RA. Comparing patients with RA to unaffected NAN controls, the Fok1 SNP was associated with RA using both genotypic [FF vs Ff vs ff: RA 20%, 54%, 26% vs control 22%, 44%, 34% (chi-square 13.35, p = 0.003)] and dominant models [FF/Ff vs ff: RA 74% vs 26% control 66% vs 34% (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.16–1.96, p = 0.003)]. This association was strongest in shared-epitope-positive RA. Conclusion. VitD receptor polymorphisms may contribute to the high prevalence of RA in NAN populations.
First-Principles Study of Thermo-Physical Properties of Pu-Containing Gd2Zr2O7

A density functional theory plus Hubbard U method is used to investigate how the incorporation of Pu waste into Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore influences its thermo-physical properties. It is found that immobilization of Pu at Gd-site of Gd2Zr2O7 has minor effects on the mechanical and thermal properties, whereas substitution of Pu for Zr-site results in remarkable influences on the structural parameters, elastic moduli, elastic isotropy, Debye temperature and electronic structure. The discrepancy in thermo-physical properties between Gd2−yPuyZr2O7 and Gd2Zr2−yPuyO7 may be a result of their different structural and electronic structures. This study provides a direct insight into the thermo-physical properties of Pu-containing Gd2Zr2O7, which will be important for further investigation of nuclear waste immobilization by pyrochlores.
Inhaled TRIM72 Protein Protects Ventilation Injury to the Lung through Injury‐guided Cell Repair

&NA; Studies showed that TRIM72 is essential for repair of alveolar cell membrane disruptions, and exogenous recombinant human TRIM72 protein (rhT72) demonstrated tissue‐mending properties in animal models of tissue injury. Here we examine the mechanisms of rhT72‐mediated lung cell protection in vitro and test the efficacy of inhaled rhT72 in reducing tissue pathology in a mouse model of ventilator‐induced lung injury. In vitro lung cell injury was induced by glass beads and stretching. Ventilator‐induced lung injury was modeled by injurious ventilation at 30 ml/kg tidal volume. Affinity‐purified rhT72 or control proteins were added into culture medium or applied through nebulization. Cellular uptake and in vivo distribution of rhT72 were detected by imaging and immunostaining. Exogenous rhT72 maintains membrane integrity of alveolar epithelial cells subjected to glass bead injury in a dose‐dependent manner. Inhaled rhT72 decreases the number of fatally injured alveolar cells, and ameliorates tissue‐damaging indicators and cell injury markers after injurious ventilation. Using in vitro stretching assays, we reveal that rhT72 improves both cellular resilience to membrane wounding and membrane repair after injury. Image analysis detected rhT72 uptake by rat alveolar epithelial cells, which can be inhibited by a cholesterol‐disrupting agent. In addition, inhaled rhT72 distributes to the distal lungs, where it colocalizes with phosphatidylserine detection on nonpermeabilized lung slices to label wounded cells. In conclusion, our study showed that inhaled rhT72 accumulates in injured lungs and protects lung tissue from ventilator injury, the mechanisms of which include improving cell resilience to membrane wounding, localizing to injured membrane, and augmenting membrane repair.
“I can do more than I thought I could”: exploring the online blogs from the Sailing Sclerosis Oceans of Hope journey

Abstract Background: Diagnosis of a chronic, unpredictable, and incurable disease such as multiple sclerosis can have profound effects on emotional wellbeing. The Sailing Sclerosis Foundation provided an opportunity for 94 individuals living with multiple sclerosis from 16 countries to challenge themselves by sailing aboard the Oceans of Hope yacht, as it circumnavigated the globe over a 17-month period in 2014 and 2015. We explored the psychosocial outcomes of this unique journey. Methods: Deductive thematic analysis was used to analyze 206 blogs posted online by participants to the Sailing Sclerosis website during and after their journey. Results: Four major themes were identified: (1) the challenges of the journey; (2) teamwork and camaraderie that arose from sharing a diagnosis in common; (3) reframing mindsets as people acknowledged and adjusted to their diagnosis; and (4) empowerment and personal growth with hope rediscovered. The blogs suggested psychosocial outcomes of the journey included lower levels of depression, better quality of life, more positive well-being, an increase in self-esteem, reduced anxiety, lower stress levels, and better life satisfaction, as well as increased social support and empowerment. Conclusion: Numerous psychosocial benefits are achievable when individuals with multiple sclerosis are provided with opportunities and support to challenge themselves. Implications for Rehabilitation A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis does not necessarily have to mean a sedentary lifestyle and social isolation. Psychological adjustment to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, changes in mindset, and rediscovering hope and optimism can be achieved by adventurous means outside clinical settings. We encourage clinicians, policy makers, and funding bodies to think ‘outside the box’ when developing and supporting programs for individuals living with chronic illnesses.
Universal Behavioral/Emotional Health Screening in Schools: Overview and Feasibility.

Addressing the emotional and behavioral health needs of children and adolescents is a critical public health challenge. As reflected in these four special issues of EBDY, schools are being increasingly used as a system for delivering mental health services for students and their families (Weist et al., 2003; 2014). School-based universal mental health screening provides important information about the emotional and behavioral health of students and school-level functioning and is recognized as an essential component of a multitiered school behavioral health (SBH) framework. Our purpose in this article is twofold. First, we provide an overview of school-based universal mental health screening, including benefits, limitations, and obstacles to implementation. Second, as evidence to support the feasibility of universal mental health screening in schools, we present our implementation experiences in a South Carolina school district serving students in grades K-12.
Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Patients With Ewing Sarcoma in a War-Torn Nation: A Single-Institute Experience From Iraq

PURPOSE Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a relatively rare, highly malignant tumor of the musculoskeletal system. It is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents in the age group of 5 to 20 years. The aim of this study was to identify the treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with ES in Sulaimani governorate, Iraq. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study that reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with ES who were managed between 2009 and 2015, with follow-up until late 2017. Patient- and tumor-related factors were correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 31 pediatric patients with ES were included in this study. All the patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whereas only 14 patients underwent surgical resection and just eight had free surgical margins. The median age at diagnosis was 13 years, 58% were male, and 42% were female. The presenting symptoms at diagnosis were mostly pain (67.7%) and palpable mass (25.8%). The primary tumor was located in the extremities (51.6%), the thoracic cage (19.4%), the pelvis (16.1%), and the lumbar vertebrae (12.9%). Approximately two thirds of the patients (61.3%) had localized disease at the time of presentation. The 5-year overall survival was 19%, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival was 34%. CONCLUSION Clinical outcomes of ES in pediatric patients in our war-torn nation, Iraq, are still markedly inferior to the published outcomes from stable, developed nations. Additional large and multicenter national studies are required. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures need improvement, and multidisciplinary and comprehensive cancer-integrated approaches are vital for better outcomes.
Obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: new treatment strategies

ABSTRACT Objectives: Obesity has risen in the US and worldwide, and has become a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mostly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Also, the prevalence of HF is quite high in the US accounting for 6.6 million adults at present and is projected to reach 8.5 million by the year 2030 and is equally divided between HFpEF and heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Patients with HFpEF are resistant to treatment with drugs usually used for the treatment of HFrEF, but the reasons for this resistance are not clearly known. Methods: In order to get a better perspective on the current status of the underlying pathophysiology and treatment of patients with HFpEF, a Medline search of the English language literature was conducted between 2015 and 2018 using the terms obesity, HFpEF, diabetes, treatment, SGLT2 inhibitors, and neprilysin inhibitors and 24 pertinent papers were selected. Results: The review of these papers revealed that patients with HFpEF have expanded plasma volume, restricted left ventricular distension with increased end-diastolic volume and depressed natriuretic peptide levels. In this respect, drugs that cause increased diuresis and natriuresis should a reasonable choice to treat these patients. The recently FDA approved sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM, are a good choice, for the treatment of HFpEF, since they cause osmotic diuresis from glucose excretion and increase salt and water excretion and decrease plasma volume. In addition, they produce loss of calories leading to weight and blood pressure reduction and have shown to prevent the new onset HFpEF and decrease hospitalizations and death from this disease. Conclusion: The results of this analysis has shown that HFpEF has different pathophysiology from HFrEF and is difficult to treat. Drugs that block renal tubular glucose reabsorption and cause osmotic diuresis and natriuresis could be a good choice to treat patients with HFpEF alone or in combination with diuretics and other drugs.
Disruption of intestinal barrier function associated with experimental colitis: possible role of mast cells.

The objective was to characterize changes in barrier and transport function in an experimental model of colitis, and to determine whether mast cells contribute to these changes. Colitis was induced in rats with intracolonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg) in 50% ethanol. Controls received 0.9% saline or the ethanol vehicle alone. In vivo loop perfusion was used to assess colonic water flux (in μl ⋅ cm-1 ⋅ h-1) and lumen-to-blood 51Cr-labeled EDTA clearance (% administered dose) after TNBS. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was used as an index of granulocyte influx. TNBS or its vehicle caused a marked decrease in water absorption and an increase in permeability at 4 h after administration compared with saline. Neither dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory control) nor doxantrazole (mast cell stabilizer) was able to attenuate these early changes likely caused by the vehicle. In contrast, at later times, TNBS (but not its vehicle) also increased51Cr-EDTA permeability and decreased water absorption; both effects were significantly attenuated by dexamethasone or doxantrazole. These drugs also significantly reduced TNBS-induced MPO accumulation and release of rat mast cell protease II. We conclude that experimental colitis is associated with severe defects in intestinal transport and barrier functions and that mast cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of these changes.
A fluorescence method for homogeneous detection of influenza A DNA sequence based on guanine‐quadruplex‐N‐methylmesoporphyrin IX complex and assistance‐DNA inhibition

In his study, we report a fluorescence method for homogeneous detection of influenza A (H1N1) DNA sequence based on G‐quadruplex‐NMM complex and assistance‐DNA (A‐DNA) inhibition. The quadruplex‐based functional DNA (QBF‐DNA), composed of a complementary probe to the target H1N1 DNA sequence and G‐rich fragment, was designed as the signal DNA. The A‐DNA consisted of two parts, one part was complementary to target H1N1 DNA and the other part was complementary to the signal DNA. In the absence of target H1N1 DNA, the G‐rich fragment of QBF‐DNA can form G‐quadruplex‐NMM complex, which outputted a fluorescent signal. With the presence of target H1N1 DNA, QBF‐DNA, and A‐DNA can simultaneously hybridize with target H1N1 DNA to form double‐helix structure. In this case, the A‐DNA partially hybridized with the QBF‐DNA, which inhibited the formation of G‐quadruplex‐NMM complex, leading to the decrease of fluorescent signal. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity was inversely proportional to the concentration of target H1N1 DNA over the range from 25 to 700 pmol/L with a detection limit of 8 pmol/L. In addition, the method is target specific and practicability, and would become a new diagnostic assay for H1N1 DNA sequence and other infectious diseases.
The effect of implant linking and ligament integrity on humeral loading of a convertible total elbow arthroplasty

Background Both unlinked and linked total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) implants have been employed with no consensus as to the optimal design. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of collateral ligament integrity and implant linkage on wear-inducing loads in a convertible TEA. Methods Eight fresh frozen upper extremities were tested in an elbow motion simulator. A convertible TEA with an instrumented humeral stem was inserted using computer navigation. Elbow kinematics and humeral loading were recorded with the TEA both linked and unlinked. The collateral ligaments were then sectioned and testing was repeated. Results In the dependent position, there was no effect of implant linkage or ligament sectioning on humeral loading. Humeral loading was significantly greater following sectioning of the collateral ligaments but not after linking the TEA with the arm in the valgus position. Humeral loading was significantly greater after linking the TEA but not after sectioning of the collateral ligaments and with the arm in the varus position. Conclusions Collateral ligament integrity reduces wear-inducing loads for both an unlinked and linked TEA. Linkage of a convertible TEA increases humeral loading, which may have detrimental effects on implant longevity.
Comparison of Two Models of Family-Based Treatment for Childhood Obesity: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND Family-based weight loss treatment (FBT) for childhood obesity, the current "gold standard," is typically provided in weekly groups for 6 months. Although this program is considered effective, it poses limitations to treatment engagement, due to time commitment and lack of widespread availability. A guided self-help version of FBT (gshFBT; eleven 20-minute sessions and one 1-hour over 5 months) was developed to circumvent such limitations. The current study examined the comparative efficacy of a 5-month FBT and gshFBT program. METHODS Participants included 50 parent-child dyads enrolled in FBT between 2011 and 2013 and 50 parent-child dyads enrolled in gshFBT between 2009 and 2010. Data were collected at baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. Noninferiority analyses were conducted to assess comparative efficacy of changes in parent and child weight status, child nutrition, child physical activity, and drop-out. RESULTS Results indicated that gshFBT was noninferior to FBT in changes in child BMI z-score, overweight parent BMI, child nutritional intake, child vigorous physical activity, and drop-out. Results did not support noninferiority for changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS gshFBT is less intensive, more flexible, and may be similarly effective to FBT and could reach a greater proportion of the pediatric overweight population. Further research, including a randomized clinical trial, is needed to confirm these results.
Postnatal and Adult Immunoglobulin Repertoires of Innate-Like CD19+CD45Rlo B Cells

The diversity in antibody repertoire relies on different B cell populations working efficiently to fulfil distinct specific functions. We recently described an innate-like CD19<sup>+</sup>CD45R<sup>-/lo</sup> (19<sup>+</sup>45R<sup>lo</sup>) cell population in postnatal unstimulated adult mice, a heterogeneous population containing cells expressing immunoglobulin M (IgM) and others behaving as differentiated mature B lymphocytes (intracytoplasmic IgG1, AID<sup>+</sup>, Blimp-1<sup>+</sup>RAG2<sup>-</sup>). In the present study, we characterized the Ig repertoire expressed by splenic 19<sup>+</sup>45R<sup>lo</sup> cells, assuming that they would bear a restricted repertoire biased for germline rearrangements and low mutation rates similar to other innate-like cells. Sequences from 19<sup>+</sup>45R<sup>lo</sup> cells displayed a variety of V, D and J regions, and the analysis of the CDR-H3 region revealed an intermediate overall CDR-H3 length and moderate hydrophobicity. Both IgM and switched sequences of PD15 19<sup>+</sup>45R<sup>lo</sup> cells had shorter CDR-H3 region and fewer non-template N nucleotides than adult sequences, as expected for profiles that correspond to an immature phenotype. Regarding the mutation rate in the VH regions, IgG1 sequences already carried a high rate of replacement mutations at PD15, which increased further in the sequences obtained from adult mice. Moreover, statistical models suggest that a proportion of the switched sequences in adult 19<sup>+</sup>45R<sup>lo</sup> cells had experienced antigen selection, unlike other innate-like B cell compartments.
Senescent Cells in Early Vascular Ageing and Bone Disease of Chronic Kidney Disease—A Novel Target for Treatment

Together with bone-mineral disorders, premature vascular ageing is a common feature of the uremic phenotype. A detailed understanding of mechanisms involved remains unclear and warrants further research. Available treatment options for end stage renal disease are principally dialysis and organ transplantation, as other treatment alternatives have proven insufficient. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been proposed as a model of early vascular and bone ageing, with accumulating evidence supporting the contribution of cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to cardiovascular pathology in CKD. Correspondingly, novel therapies based around the use of senolytic compounds and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonists, have been suggested as attractive novel treatment options. In this review, we detail the contribution of the uremic environment to these processes underpinning ageing and how these relate to vascular health.