Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstract CT322: Efficacy of first-line capecitabine (CAP) ± bevacizumab (BEV) according to risk factors in the RIBBON-1 randomized phase III trial in locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC)

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA BACKGROUND: Analysis of data from 2203 patients (pts) with HER2-negative LR/mBC treated in the single-arm ATHENA study suggested that overall survival (OS) expectancy of a well-defined subset of pts with hormone receptor-positive LR/mBC was similar to that of pts with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We used prognostic factors from ATHENA to analyze efficacy in the CAP cohort of the RIBBON-1 trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the CAP cohort of RIBBON-1, pts with LR/mBC were randomized 2:1 to receive CAP with either BEV 15 mg/kg q3w (N=409) or placebo (PLA; N=206). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Objective response rate (ORR) and 1-year OS rate were secondary endpoints. Exploratory efficacy analyses were done in three subgroups: TNBC; high-risk hormone receptor positive (>2 risk factors); and low-risk hormone receptor positive (≤2 risk factors) using the remaining risk factors identified in ATHENA (liver metastases/≥3 involved organs; disease-free interval [DFI] ≤24 months; prior anthracycline/taxane). The data cut-off was July 31, 2008. RESULTS: In all three subgroups, PFS and ORR numerically favored BEV-CAP, consistent with the significant PFS and ORR benefit in the intent-to-treat population. Median PFS, median OS, and 1-year OS rate with PLA-CAP suggested a similarly poor prognosis in pts with TNBC and pts with high-risk hormone receptor-positive LR/mBC. CONCLUSIONS: In these exploratory analyses, median OS in pts with high-risk hormone receptor-positive LR/mBC was short and similar to that in pts with TNBC, as seen in the ATHENA exploratory analysis. View this table: Citation Format: Nicholas J. Robert, Veronique Dieras, Christian Jackisch, Stefanie Srock, Ulrich Freudensprung, Leonardo Faoro, Joyce O’Shaughnessy. Efficacy of first-line capecitabine (CAP) ± bevacizumab (BEV) according to risk factors in the RIBBON-1 randomized phase III trial in locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT322
Immersions in Highly Edge Connected Graphs

We consider the problem of how much edge connectivity is necessary to force a graph $G$ to contain a fixed graph $H$ as an immersion. We show that if the maximum degree in $H$ is $\Delta$, then all the examples of $\Delta$-edge connected graphs which do not contain $H$ as a weak immersion must have a treelike decomposition called a tree-cut decomposition of bounded width. If we consider strong immersions, then it is easy to see that there are arbitrarily highly edge connected graphs which do not contain a fixed clique $K_t$ as a strong immersion. We give a structure theorem which roughly characterizes those highly edge connected graphs which do not contain $K_t$ as a strong immersion.
Granulocyte Transfusion: A Controlled Study in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia

Granulocyte transfusions are frequently used during the leukopenic phase of induction chemotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) although no controlled study has documented their usefulness. We have compared the morbidity and mortality of febrile episodes in granulocytopenic (< 500/mm3) adults with ANLL who received granulocytes and those who did not. Granulocytes were obtained from related normal donors using a continuous flow centrifuge. Seventeen patients who received 98 transfusions during 23 febrile episodes were compared with 22 patients who received no granulocytes during 35 febrile episodes. No significant difference in clearing of documented infection occurred between the transfused (71%) or the control (76%) group. Granulocytes did not result in more rapid termination of febrile episodes nor in significant decrease in fever 24 hours following the transfusion. Factors contributing to the lack of obvious clinical benefit are discussed.
On the Iteration Complexity of Cyclic Coordinate Gradient Descent Methods

The cyclic (block) coordinate gradient descent method is an optimization method that has attracted much interest in applications of applied mathematics, statistics, and engineering. Reasons for this include its simplicity, speed, and stability, as well as its competitive performance on separable nonsmooth convex minimization problems, whose objective function is the sum of a smooth function and a separable (and possibly nonsmooth) convex function, such as the $\ell_1$-regularized linear least squares problem and the $\ell_1$-regularized logistic regression problem. But very little is known about the worst case iteration complexity of the method for solving the separable nonsmooth convex minimization problem. We prove that the method terminates in $O(1/\epsilon)$ iterations with an $\epsilon$-optimal solution, or equivalently, the convergence rate for it is $O(1/k)$, where $k$ is the iteration counter, when the smooth function of the objective has a Lipschitz gradient. Also, the linear rate convergence of .
The Effect of Spirulina in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to study the effectiveness of spirulina supplementation in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Thirty-four adult asthmatics with mild to moderate degree of bronchial asthma were enrolled and divided into three groups, namely, Group A (medication), Group B (spirulina) and Group C (spirulina + medication). The intervention was done with spirulina that was administered at 1 g/day. The lung functions and biochemical parameters were monitored at baseline and at the end of first and second month. The dietary history revealed a poor intake of protective antioxidant vitamins. An increasing trend in serum total proteins and its fractions was observed in both the groups fed spirulina. Significant improvement in lung function were observed in all three groups, the quantum being similar in groups A and B and most optimal in Group C. It is concluded that spirulina alone has been equally beneficial as medication alone over two months period in treating mild to moderate asthma. The most optimal improvement was observed when medication and spirulina were administered together. The results of this study suggest that long-term supplementation of spirulina for more than two months on daily basis can optimise an improvement of bronchial asthma.
Parametric modeling of quantile regression coefficient functions

Estimating the conditional quantiles of outcome variables of interest is frequent in many research areas, and quantile regression is foremost among the utilized methods. The coefficients of a quantile regression model depend on the order of the quantile being estimated. For example, the coefficients for the median are generally different from those of the 10th centile. In this article, we describe an approach to modeling the regression coefficients as parametric functions of the order of the quantile. This approach may have advantages in terms of parsimony, efficiency, and may expand the potential of statistical modeling. Goodness‐of‐fit measures and testing procedures are discussed, and the results of a simulation study are presented. We apply the method to analyze the data that motivated this work. The described method is implemented in the qrcm R package.
First-order System Least Squares on Curved Boundaries: Higher-order Raviart-Thomas Elements

With this paper, our investigation of the finite element approximation on curved boundaries using Raviart--Thomas spaces in the context of first-order system least squares methods is continued and extended to the higher-order case. It is shown that the optimal order of convergence is retained from the lowest-order case if a parametric version of Raviart--Thomas elements is used. This is illustrated numerically for an elliptic boundary value problem involving a circular boundary curve.
A Sobolev Inequality and the Individual Invariance Principle for Diffusions in a Periodic Potential

In this paper, we consider a diffusion process in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with a generator of the form $L:=\frac 12 e^{V(x)}{div}(e^{-V(x)}\nabla)$, where $V$ is measurable and periodic. We assume only that $e^V$ and $e^{-V}$ are locally integrable. We then show that, after proper rescaling, the law of the diffusion converges to a Brownian motion for Lebesgue almost all starting points. This pointwise invariance principle was previously known under uniform ellipticity conditions (when $V$ is bounded); see [A. Bensoussan, J.-L. Lions, and G. Papanicolau, Asymptotic Analysis for Periodic Structures, North--Holland, Amsterdam, New York, 1978] and [A. Lejay, Asymptot. Anal. , 28 (2001), pp. 151--162]. Our approach uses Dirichlet form theory to define the process, martingales, time changes, and construction of a corrector. Our main technical tool to show the sublinear growth of the corrector is a new weighted Sobolev-type inequality for integrable potentials. We rely heavily on harmonic analysis techniques.
Thyrostimulin Regulates Osteoblastic Bone Formation During Early Skeletal Development

The ancestral glycoprotein hormone thyrostimulin is a heterodimer of unique glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha (GPA)2 and glycoprotein hormone subunit beta (GPB)5 subunits with high affinity for the TSH receptor. Transgenic overexpression of GPB5 in mice results in cranial abnormalities, but the role of thyrostimulin in bone remains unknown. We hypothesized that thyrostimulin exerts paracrine actions in bone and determined: 1) GPA2 and GPB5 expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, 2) the skeletal consequences of thyrostimulin deficiency in GPB5 knockout (KO) mice, and 3) osteoblast and osteoclast responses to thyrostimulin treatment. Gpa2 and Gpb5 expression was identified in the newborn skeleton but declined rapidly thereafter. GPA2 and GPB5 mRNAs were also expressed in primary osteoblasts and osteoclasts at varying concentrations. Juvenile thyrostimulin-deficient mice had increased bone volume and mineralization as a result of increased osteoblastic bone formation. However, thyrostimulin failed to induce a canonical cAMP response or activate the noncanonical Akt, ERK, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38) signaling pathways in primary calvarial or bone marrow stromal cell-derived osteoblasts. Furthermore, thyrostimulin did not directly inhibit osteoblast proliferation, differentiation or mineralization in vitro. These studies identify thyrostimulin as a negative but indirect regulator of osteoblastic bone formation during skeletal development.
Value and importance of informed consent to researchers at Makerere University

Background: Respect for persons requires that research participants be given the opportunity to make choices about what should be done to them. Many times, the process of informed consent is abused to the benefit of researchers while exploitation and harm to the research participants may occur. In Uganda, issues of questionable research ethics have been highlighted in the past. Objective: To determine the Value and importance of the informed consent process among researchers at Makerere University. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study design involving faculty and graduate students in the faculties of Medicine and Social Sciences. Results: Of the 37 respondents 68% were faculty while 32% were graduate students in the fields of social sciences, clinical and basic sciences. Mean research experience was 8.5 years. More than 70% of the respondents have had no formal training in research ethics. Only 22% of the respondents appreciated the need for research participants to comprehend the informed consent; 38% thought it is not always the case and in many cases their subjects do not have to comprehend, while the remaining 40% believe that research subjects' understanding of the informed consent process may not be necessary. All respondents appreciated the importance of confidentiality although data management procedures were lacking by many. Conclusion: Most researchers appreciate the importance of confidentiality, but have limited understanding of the process of informed consent, information handling and the importance of feedback.
Frequency Domain Robust Regulation of Signals Generated by an Infinite-Dimensional Exosystem

This paper deals with frequency domain robust regulation of signals generated by an infinite-dimensional exosystem. The problem is formulated and the stability types are chosen so that one can generalize the existing finite-dimensional theory to more general classes of infinite-dimensional systems and signals. The main results of this article are extensions of the internal model principle, of a necessary and sufficient solvability condition for the robust regulation problem, and of Davison's simple servo compensator for stable plants in the chosen algebraic framework.
On the Area of the Symmetry Orbits in Weakly Regular Einstein-Euler Spacetimes with Gowdy Symmetry

This paper establishes novel bounds for Gowdy-symmetric Einstein-Euler spacetimes and completes the analysis, initiated by LeFloch and Rendall, of the global areal foliation for these spacetimes. We thus consider the initial value problem for the Einstein-Euler equations under the assumption of Gowdy symmetry. We establish that, for the maximal Cauchy development of future contracting initial data, the area of the group orbits approaches zero toward the future. This property holds as one approaches the future boundary of the spacetime, provided a geometry invariant associated with the Gowdy symmetry property is initially non-vanishing. Our condition is sharp within the class of spatially homogeneous spacetimes.
Silcock's base

SIR, In the recent paper by Webster etal. {British Journal of Dermatology 1984,110,657-663), the authors showed a dose-dependent dapsone-induced inhibition of opsonized zymosan-induced human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) in vitro, suggesting that inhibition of myeloperoxidase may be the mechanism by which dapsone inhibits PMN CL. We have reported the inhibitory effects of dapsone on PMN-derived oxygen intermediates (OIs) includng CL with similar results (Miyachi & Niwa, 1982). Recently, we have also investigated the effect of dapsone on the generation of OIs compared with several OI scavengers with different action sites (Niwa, Sakane & Miyachi, 1984). We found a dissociation of the inhibitory effect of dapsone, i.e. dapsone markedly reduced the generation of H2O2, hydroxyl ion and CL but slightly increased O2~ levels. Our conclusion drawn from this study is that dapsone molecules appear to act like scavengers, presumably reacting directly with H2O2 with resultant decrease in hydroxy ions and 'O2. Therefore, dapsone may exert its beneficial clinical effects by removing potent OIs as well as by inducing the inhibition of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system. As for a slight increase in O2" levels by dapsone, it is considered that removal of later components of the OI generation pathway (H2O2J hydroxyl and 'O2) increases the levels of an earlier component (O2 ~). Taking these discriminative effects of dapsone on OI generation into consideration, we would like to stress that one should perform all possible OI assays before drawing conclusions regarding the increase or decrease of 01 levels, since 02", H2O2, hydroxy ions and CL do not always behave in an identical manner.
Multiple testing with heterogeneous multinomial distributions

Standard false discovery rate (FDR) procedures can provide misleading inference when testing multiple null hypotheses with heterogeneous multinomial data. For example, in the motivating study the goal is to identify species of bacteria near the roots of wheat plants (rhizobacteria) that are moderately or strongly associated with productivity. However, standard procedures discover the most abundant species even when their association is weak and fail to discover many moderate and strong associations when the species are not abundant. This article provides a new FDR‐controlling method based on a finite mixture of multinomial distributions and shows that it tends to discover more moderate and strong associations and fewer weak associations when the data are heterogeneous across tests. The new method is applied to the rhizobacteria data and performs favorably over competing methods.
Local Existence Theory for Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Noninteger Power Nonlinearities

We study a derivative nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation, allowing non-integer powers in the nonlinearity, $|u|^{2\sigma} u_x$. Making careful use of the energy method, we are able to establish short-time existence of solutions with initial data in the energy space, $H^1$. For more regular initial data, we establish not just existence of solutions, but also well-posedness of the initial value problem. These results hold for real-valued $\sigma\geq 1,$ while prior existence results in the literature require integer-valued $\sigma$ or $\sigma$ sufficiently large ($\sigma \geq 5/2$), or use higher-regularity function spaces.
Dynamic Mean-LPM and Mean-CVaR Portfolio Optimization in Continuous-Time

Instead of controlling "symmetric" risks measured by central moments of investment return or terminal wealth, more and more portfolio models have shifted their focus to manage "asymmetric" downside risks that the investment return is below certain threshold. Among the existing downside risk measures, the lower-partial moments (LPM) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are probably most promising. In this paper we investigate the dynamic mean-LPM and mean-CVaR portfolio optimization problems in continuous-time, while the current literature has only witnessed their static versions. Our contributions are two-fold, in both building up tractable formulations and deriving corresponding analytical solutions. By imposing a limit funding level on the terminal wealth, we conquer the ill-posedness exhibited in the class of mean-downside risk portfolio models. The limit funding level not only enables us to solve both dynamic mean-LPM and mean-CVaR portfolio optimization problems, but also offers a flexibility to tame the aggressiveness of the portfolio policies generated from such mean - downside risk models. More specifically, for a general market setting, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the Lagrangian multiplies, which is a key step in applying the martingale approach, and establish a theoretical foundation for developing efficient numerical solution approaches. Moreover, for situations where the opportunity set of the market setting is deterministic, we derive analytical portfolio policies for both dynamic mean-LPM and mean-CVaR formulations.
Global Well-posedness of two-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Flows with Partial Dissipation and Magnetic Diffusion

In this paper, we establish the global well-posedness and conditional global well-posedness of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows with mixed partial dissipation and magnetic diffusion in two dimensions. This work is inspired by the recent pioneer work [C. Cao and J. Wu, Adv. Math., 226 (2011), pp. 1803--1822] on whether classical solutions of the two-dimensional incompressible MHD equations without full dissipation and magnetic diffusion terms can develop finite-time singularity.
A Dirichlet‐tree multinomial regression model for associating dietary nutrients with gut microorganisms

Understanding the factors that alter the composition of the human microbiota may help personalized healthcare strategies and therapeutic drug targets. In many sequencing studies, microbial communities are characterized by a list of taxa, their counts, and their evolutionary relationships represented by a phylogenetic tree. In this article, we consider an extension of the Dirichlet multinomial distribution, called the Dirichlet‐tree multinomial distribution, for multivariate, over‐dispersed, and tree‐structured count data. To address the relationships between these counts and a set of covariates, we propose the Dirichlet‐tree multinomial regression model for which we develop a penalized likelihood method for estimating parameters and selecting covariates. For efficient optimization, we adopt the accelerated proximal gradient approach. Simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed procedure. An analysis of a data set relating dietary nutrients with bacterial counts is used to show that the incorporation of the tree structure into the model helps increase the prediction power.
Cancer incidence patterns among Vietnamese in the United States and Ha Noi, Vietnam

Nearly 600,000 persons have immigrated to the United States from Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War. Despite the rapid growth of the U.S. Vietnamese population, little is known about cancer incidence in this migrant group. Using population‐based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, California Cancer Registry and International Agency for Research on Cancer, we compared cancer incidence rates for Vietnamese in the United States (1988–1992) to rates for residents of Ha Noi, Vietnam (1991–1993); non‐Hispanic whites were included to serve as the U.S. reference rates. Lung and breast cancers were the most common among Vietnamese males and females, respectively, regardless of geographic region. Rates of cancers more common to U.S. whites, such as breast, prostate and colon cancers, were elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents in Ha Noi but still lower than rates for U.S. whites. Rates of cancers more common to Asian countries, such as stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers, were likewise elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents of Ha Noi and exceeded corresponding rates for whites. Incidence patterns for stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers may reflect increased risk of exposures in this migrant population and should be further explored to uncover the relative contributions of environmental and genetic factors to cancer etiology. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Considerations for the Development of Agility During Childhood and Adolescence

ABSTRACT DESPITE BEING RECOGNIZED AS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE, AGILITY DEVELOPMENT IN YOUTHS IS LARGELY UNDER-RESEARCHED. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE EVIDENCE EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH, MATURATION AND TRAINING ON BOTH CHANGE OF DIRECTION SPEED AND COGNITIVE PROCESSING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, AND HOW COMBINED, THESE FACTORS MAY INFLUENCE AGILITY. TRAINING GUIDELINES ARE PROVIDED TO HELP STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES PRESCRIBE AGILITY TRAINING FOR YOUTHS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURATION, IN A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE MANNER.
Error Analysis of the Dynamically Orthogonal Approximation of Time Dependent Random PDEs

In this work we discuss the dynamically orthogonal (DO) approximation of time dependent partial differential equations with random data. The approximate solution is expanded at each time instant on a time dependent orthonormal basis in the physical domain with a fixed and small number of terms. Dynamic equations are written for the evolution of the basis as well as the evolution of the stochastic coefficients of the expansion. We analyze the case of a linear parabolic equation with random data and derive a theoretical bound for the approximation error of the $S$-terms DO solution by the corresponding $S$-terms best approximation, i.e., the truncated $S$-terms Karhunen--Loeve expansion at each time instant. The bound is applicable on the largest time interval in which the best $S$-terms approximation is continuously time differentiable. Properties of the DO approximations are analyzed on simple cases of deterministic equations with random initial data. Numerical tests are presented that confirm the theoret.