Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Snow Chemistry at Mukteshwar in Central Himalayan Region of India

The present study reports snow chemistry and source apportionment at Mukteshwar in central Himalayan region of India during winter 2012-13. In this study, fresh snowfall samples were collected at Mukteshwar during winter season of 2012-13. The results showed that the pH of the snowmelt samples ranged from 5.47 to 7.95 with an average of 6.37 indicating alkaline nature of precipitation which is similar to the range reported. The concentration of ions followed the following order- Ca2+ > Cl- > Na+ > SO4 2- > HCO3 - > NH4 + > NO3 - > Mg2+ > K+ > F-. Very high concentration of Ca2+ indicated the dominance of crustal sources. Source fraction calculations revealed that crustal, marine and anthropogenic sources contributed 40%, 38% and 22% ionic components in snowmelt, respectively. Since, Mukteshwar is remote site as compared to Delhi, values of NO3 - were compared with the NO3 - reported in the precipitation (rain water) of Delhi as NO3 - is an indicator of vehicular pollution in urban areas. Such comparison of NO3 - values suggested that though Mukteshwar precipitation had 1/3 of NO3 - in precipitation as compared to Delhi, but considering it as a small town, precipitation at Mukteshwar is significantly influenced vehicular sources possibly due to Long Range Transport (LRT) of pollution.
Past and Future Precipitation Trend Analysis for the City of Niamey (Niger): An Overview

Despite the interest in detecting the extremes of climate in the West African Sahel, few studies have been specifically conducted on the Republic of Niger. This research focuses on past, present, and future precipitation trends for the city of Niamey through the combined assessment of WMO precipitation indices using RClimDex and the Standardized Precipitation Index. Past daily precipitation data were derived from a 60-year reconstructed meteorological dataset for the Niamey airport station for the period of 1950–2009 and validated through comparison with an observed time series at Niamey airport (1980–2012). Precipitation analysis confirms the literature’s findings, in particular, a decreasing trend in total precipitation over the period of 1950–2009, and a positive trend for data that spans over the period of 1980–2009, suggesting a precipitation recovery after the dry epoch (1968–1985), even if the deficit with the wettest years in the period of 1950–1968 has not been made up. Furthermore, WATCH-Forcing-Data-ERA-Interim projections, elaborated under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 socio-economic conditions, show that precipitation will increase in the future. Therefore, the Nigerien population will benefit from increased rainfall, but will also have to cope with the exacerbation of both flood and drought risks due to a great interannual variability that can positively or negatively influence water availability.
A BEM-Approach for Simulation and Optimization of Capacitive Sensor Topologies

In order to optimize front-end topologies of capacitive sensors precise knowledge of the coupling capacitances is important. These capacitances are not easily accessible by means of measurement without significantly altering them, and therefore a numeric method for determining them is advantageous. In this paper we use a Boundary element formulation for this task. Certain aspects of numerical accuracy of the formulation used are addressed. Results from simulations and optimizations are presented and compared with experimental results for validation of the approach.
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques The ground-based MW radiometer OZORAM on Spitsbergen – description and status of stratospheric and mesospheric O 3-measurements

This manuscript introduces the OZORAM ground-based millimeter wave radiometer. The instrument is deployed to the high Arctic (79 ◦ N, 12 E) for measurements of O3 in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The publication describes the status of OZORAM in the end of 2010. OZORAM is able to provide profile information between 30 and 70 km altitude in time intervals of 1 h. To establish applications of the data and to investigate instrumental biases, the results from September 2008 till summer 2010 are compared to O 3 profiles derived from measurements of two instruments onboard polar orbiting satellites, MLS onboard EOS-AURA and SABER onboard TIMED. The agreement is within 10% in the middle and upper stratosphere and 30% in the lower mesosphere. The deviation shows systematic and oscillating features which are, however, constant during the period of comparison. The data set is therefore suitable for studies of mesospheric and stratospheric response to changes in dynamics or due to solar influences on climate.
Caveat Venditor - Crowded Exits!

Crowded exits arise when short positions in a stock are large relative to its usual trading volume, and when a catalyst prompts short-sellers to cover their positions rapidly and simultaneously. Catalysts include, but are not limited to, public news releases by companies. Using a comprehensive dataset of daily stock lending activity across 681 companies on the London Stock Exchange from September 1, 2003 to May 31, 2007, we find that crowded exits are associated with positive abnormal returns (i.e. losses to short-sellers), and this result is statistically and economically significant. Our results indicate that short-sellers face an important indirect constraint on short-selling in the form of crowded exits. New, long-only investors would generally be unable to exploit this finding by buying into crowded exits, as by definition these are illiquid stocks; however, incumbent short-sellers, unable to readily cover their positions, suffer losses. As such, the risk of a crowded exit represents an indirect constraint on short-selling, or limit to arbitrage.
Recognizing Direct Products from Their Conjugate Type Vectors

See 5 for results of a similar nature. There is astrong relation between information about character degrees and sizes ofconjugacy classes. If the multiplication constants for the conjugacy classesare known, then the character table can be reconstructed, and similarly inreverse. However, if one knows only the sizes then there is less completeinformation and it is not possible to obtain a complete translation. Toillustrate this point, if the conjugacy classes have sizes 1,4
Caregivers ’ perceptions of childhood fever in Ilorin , North-Central Nigeria

Background: Fever remains a common clinical indicator of disease, accounting alone for over 25% of paediatric emergency rooms consultations. Perception of this important sign is a crucial prelude and determinant of outcome in febrile children. The aim was to determine knowledge and attitudes of parents regarding fever in their children. Methods: The study is a crosssectional descriptive study carried out at the Emergency Paediatric Unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH). Fourhundred under-five children presenting with fever were recruited along with their caregivers. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographics, and caregiver’s knowledge and attitudes regarding fever in their wards. Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 29.5 ± 4.46 years (Range 21 – 41 years). Only 30.3% of caregivers could correctly describe what fever was. The most frequently utilised fever detection method was tactile assessment. Only 3.2% of the caregivers used a thermometer to detect fever. Social class, maternal age and religion significantly influenced the decision to use thermometers. The most common remedies caregivers would use for fever in their children were to give paracetamol (96.3%), sponging (73.2%) and a warm bath (63.8%). About 61% of caregivers had a wrong perception of the possible complications of fever. Conclusions: Caregivers in this study had a poor knowledge of fever, and parental educational and socioeconomic status impacted on their responses to fever. There is a need for education of caregivers at all contacts with the healthcare system on fever, and its management.
EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE TRAPPING FOR PREDICTION OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH INFESTATIONS IN VEGETABLE BRASSICAS

The use of pheromone traps was investigated as a monitoring tool to forewarn crop scouts of risk periods when diamondback moth (DBM; Plutella xylostella) larval numbers in crops are likely to increase to damaging levels. We monitored traps at five brassica planting sites for 8 months and also counted numbers of DBM larvae on 50-100 plants at each site. Crops were scouted weekly and insecticide application decisions were made using the Crop & Food Research IPM programme. Results showed that increases in moth trap catches predicted increases in larval infestations in three of four commercial crops in spring by 2-3 weeks and gave 2 weeks warning in four of five summer crops. An epizootic of Zoophthora radicans caused a rapid decline in larval populations in mid to late January at all sites. In these trials, use of the IPM action thresholds led to a 75% reduction in insecticide use on vegetable brassica crops. Overall, pheromone traps were of limited value, except in early spring, because crops needed to be scouted regularly for other pests.
Attributions of meteorological and emission factors to the 2015 winter severe haze pollution episodes in China's Jing-Jin-Ji area

Abstract. In the 2015 winter month of December, northern China witnessed the most severe air pollution phenomena since the 2013 winter haze events occurred. This triggered the first-ever red alert in the air pollution control history of Beijing, with an instantaneous fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) concentration over 1 mg m−3. Air quality observations reveal large temporal–spatial variations in PM2. 5 concentrations over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area between 2014 and 2015. Compared to 2014, the PM2. 5 concentrations over the area decreased significantly in all months except November and December of 2015, with an increase of 36 % in December. Analysis shows that the PM2. 5 concentrations are significantly correlated with the local meteorological parameters in the Jing-Jin-Ji area such as the stable conditions, relative humidity (RH), and wind field. A comparison of two month simulations (December 2014 and 2015) with the same emission data was performed to explore and quantify the meteorological impacts on the PM2. 5 over the Jing-Jin-Ji area. Observation and modeling results show that the worsening meteorological conditions are the main reasons behind this unusual increase of air pollutant concentrations and that the emission control measures taken during this period of time have contributed to mitigate the air pollution ( ∼ 9 %) in the region. This work provides a scientific insight into the emission control measures vs. the meteorology impacts for the period.
A Compact Tunable Triple Stop-Band Filter Based on Different Defected Microstrip Structures

─ A compact triple stop-band filter based on different defected microstrip structures is proposed, fabricated and measured to filter out the undesired narrowband signal interferences against UWB systems. A meander line slot (MLS), a U-shaped slot (USS) and a spur line (SL) are etched on a 50-Ohm microstrip line to achieve the expected triple stop-band function and to provide a good tunable characteristic by selecting the proper dimensions of the MLS, USS and SL. The equivalent circuit model and its simulations are presented to evaluate the designed triple stop-band filter. Simulated and measured results are given to demonstrate that the proposed triple stop-band filter has controllable center frequencies and compact size. Index Terms ─ Defected microstrip structure, meander line slot, spur line, triple stop-band filter, U-shaped slot.
Weighted Complex Network Analysis of the Different Patterns of Metro Traffic Flows on Weekday and Weekend

We present a multilayer model to characterize the weekday and weekend patterns in terms of the spatiotemporal flow size distributions in subway networks, based on trip data and operation timetables obtained from the Beijing Subway System. We also investigate the disparity of incoming and outgoing flows at a given station to describe the different spatial structure performance between transfer and nontransfer stations. In addition, we describe the essential interactions between PFN and TFN by defining an indicator, real load. By comparing with the two patterns on weekday and weekend, we found that the substantial trends have roughly the same form, with noticeable lower sizes of flows on weekend ascribed to the essential characteristics of travel demand.
Analysis of eyewitness testimony in a police shooting with fatal outcome – Manifestations of spatial and temporal distortions

Abstract Eyewitness statements are commonly used in the criminal justice system and viewed as having a high-probative value, especially when the witness has no motive to lie, other witness recollection corroborates the account, or the witness is highly confident. A fatal police shooting incident in Sweden had 13 witnesses (nine civilians and four police officers) and was also filmed with two mobile phones. All interviews were conducted before witnesses viewed the films, allowing for the analysis of discrepancies between their statements and the videos. In this incident, a police patrol was sent to find out a man who was reported to have attacked two persons with a knife. When found, the perpetrator refused to obey the officer’s commands, and the police eventually shot at him. The analysis showed clear differences between the witness testimonies and the film. Elements associated with perceived threat, for example, the assailant’s armament and movement direction and number of shots fired, were remembered fairly accurately. However, most witnesses poorly recollected when, that is, after which shot, the assailant fell to the ground. Moreover, memory of the actual order of events was altered and important aspects omitted that were crucial from a legal point of view.
A REVIEW OF FISHERIES WITHIN THE ICCAT CONVENTION AREA THAT INTERACT WITH SEA TURTLES

SUMMARY There are currently growing concerns about the impacts of marine fisheries in vulnerable bycatch species, such as sea turtles. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is preparing an assessment on the impacts of ICCAT fisheries on sea turtle population, with the assessments scheduled to start in 2013, and the data preparation starting in 2012. Integrated in this process, this document was prepared to compile and revise currently available information on interactions between fisheries and sea turtle population within the ICCAT Convention area, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. More emphasis is given to interactions with ICCAT fisheries, such as pelagic longlines, purse seines, driftnets and tuna traps, but other non-ICCAT fisheries that operate within the ICCAT convention area, such as trawl and nets, are also addressed. A summary of the data currently available at the ICCAT Secretariat to carry out the analysis is also presented. RESUME
Gas phase growth of wurtzite ZnS nanobelts on a large scale

We showed large-scale synthesis of ZnS nanobelts by simply thermal evaporation of ZnS powder in the presence of Au catalysts at 1020°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses demonstrated that the as-obtained ZnS nanobelts possess hexagonal wurtzite structures. The nanobelts have lengths ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, thicknesses of tens of nanometers, and widths ranging from hundreds of nanometers to the order of micrometers. The growth process was proposed on the basis of known vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Room temperature photoluminescence measurements showed that the as-synthesized ZnS nanostructures had a strong green emission bands at a wavelength of 427 nm, which can be attributed to deep-level emissions induced by defects or impurities.
Redescription of the Skull of Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney, Tong, and Meylan, 2006, a Bothremydid Side-Necked Turtle from the Eocene of Morocco

Abstract Three skulls of Ummulisani rutgersensis are described here as an addendum to the descriptions and analyses presented in Gaffney et al. (2006a). The present paper is essentially a replacement for the Ummulisani cranial morphology text in that paper (Gaffney et al. 2006a: 447–457). The original description was based primarily on one skull, AMNH 30563, the type of Ummulisani rutgersensis. Because two previously undescribed skulls, AMNH 30569 and AMNH 30562, are more complete, they add significantly to our understanding of this taxon. However, it does not alter the results of the phylogenetic analysis by Gaffney et al. (2006a), in that Ummulisani rutgersensis remains the sister taxon to Phosphatochelys tedfordi.
Factors Influencing the Extent of Corporate Compliance with IFRS - The Case of Hungarian Listed Companies

Since 2005 European listed companies report their financial figures based on IFRSs. This paper investigates whether Hungarian listed companies comply with IFRS disclosure requirements, identifying some factors associated with the level of compliance. Although the issue of consolidation is not a new topic for Hungarian specialists, the analysis focuses on the disclosure aspects of consolidation because publishing consolidated accounts is considered still a problematic field (Fekete, 2008). Findings suggest that corporate size and industry type (more specifically being in the IT&C sector) are statistically associated with the extent of compliance with IFRS disclosure requirements. This suggest that big, high tech companies comply best to IRFS rules, possibly because they can benefit the most from them.
The architecture and evolution of computer game engines

In this study, the architecture and evolution of computer game engines are analyzed by means of a literature review on the academic research body on the subject. The history of computer games, from early 1960s to modern day is presented, with a focus on the architectures behind the games. In the process, this study will answer a selection of research questions. The topics of the questions include identifying the common parts of a game engine, identifying the architectural trends in the evolution from early to present-day games and engines, identifying ways the process of evolution has affected the present state of the engines, and presenting some possible future trends for the evolution. As findings of the study, common parts of a game engine were identified as the parts that are specific to every game, with the suggestion that more detailed analyses could be made by concentrating on different genres. Increase in the size, modularity and portability of game engines, and improved tooling associated with them were identified as general trends in the evolution from first games to today. Various successful design decisions behind certain influential games were identified, and the way they affect the present state of the engines were discussed. Finally, increased utilization of parallelism, and the move of game engines from genre-specific towards genre-neutral were identified as possible future trends in the evolution.
Aluminum Sulfate as Pulsing Preservative for Export-oriented Rose Flowers under Bahir Dar Conditions, Northwestern Ethiopia

Rose is one of the most important cut flowers in Ethiopia produced mostly for export markets. Maintaining the postharvest life is the most challenging issue for most of the floricultural enterprises in the country. Two sets of experiments were therefore conducted in Tana Flora PLC farm, one of the biggest cut rose producers in Bahir Dar, Northwestern Ethiopia with the objectives of identifying the appropriate concentration of aluminum sulfate as pulsing preservative to maintain the vase life of export oriented rose flowers. In the first set, aluminum sulfate alone and in combination with calcium hypochlorite at different concentrations including the experience of Tana Flora PLC, sucrose and distilled water as control were tested for their influence on physiological status of `Maracuja` rose flowers. In the second set, the best performed pulsing preservative (aluminum sulfate alone) was tested at four concentrations (0ppm, 125ppm, 250ppm and 375ppm) to identify the optimum concentration. After pulsing for about 30 hours, six cut flowers were put in 250 ml glass flask containing distilled water. The flasks with flowers were arranged in Complete Randomized Design with three replications and kept in vase life testing room of Tana Flora PLC. According to the results obtained, aluminum sulfate at the concentration of 250ppm was the best in prolonging the vase life, in producing bigger flower head and maintaining the freshness of flowers. The reduction in percent fresh weight during the vase life of flowers was minimal in 250ppm aluminum sulfate pulsed flowers. The prolonged vase life of aluminum pulsed flowers is due to better water uptake and thus stabilized water balance in the flowers as observed in this study. Thus, it is advised to incorporate aluminum sulfate in flower holding solution at the concentration of 250ppm to maintain the freshness and vase life of export oriented rose flowers and those for local market in the study area.
Quality of type I Portland cement from Ghana and UK

Type I Portland cement is general purpose cement found in many countries and it is manufactured by different companies. This study sought to compare the properties of Type I Portland cements from Ghana (less economically developed country) and United Kingdom (more economically developed country) to ascertain whether the quality of Ghana cement is a contributing factor for recent spate of building collapse in the country. The study adopted a laboratory-based experimental approach to determine the properties of three cement samples: one from Ghana and two from the United Kingdom (UK). It was identified that UK cements particles were the fineness, contained more Calcium oxide (CaO), recorded earlier setting times and achieved early strength. Ghana cement on the other hand, had more Alkali (Na 2 O + K 2 O) content, higher density, good resistance to water and achieved better late strength development than UK grey cement. The study has revealed that although there are some differences in the properties of Ghana and UK Type I Portland cements, they all meet international standard requirements and therefore, the quality of Ghana cement may not be one of the contributing factors of recent building collapse in the country. Keywords: Portland cement, Particle size distribution, Chemical composition, Compressive strength, Water absorption, Building collapse, SEM