Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive–behavioural intervention to increase adherence of adult women exercisers

The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a cognitive–behavioural intervention on the short-term adherence to exercise of previous sedentary women living in a rural area in Spain. A sample of 30 sedentary women, 49–69 years old, with normal bone mineral density (BMD) or osteopenia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group received four monitored sessions of exercise once a week, while the experimental group attended four additional sessions where strategies to improve adherence to exercise were implemented. The short-term adherence of participants was self-reported in two periods. The first period of 4 weeks consisted of independent walking sessions twice per week, and the second period included attendance at unsupervised group sessions twice per week during the following 5 weeks. Data from 27 subjects attending at least three out of four monitored sessions were analysed. The short-term adherence of the experimental group to the independent walking sessions was significantly higher than the adherence of the control group; however, no significant between group difference was found in adherence to the unsupervised group sessions. In conclusion, the intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) improved adherence to walking exercise sessions only during the intervention implementation period.
Methane emissions from the 2015 Aliso Canyon blowout in Los Angeles, CA

The magnitude of a major methane leak The Aliso Canyon underground gas storage facility outside Los Angeles, CA, houses enormous natural gas reserves. One well at the site experienced a blowout in late October 2015 and began leaking gas until it was sealed in February 2016. Over the course of 13 flights in the region, Conley et al. sampled the air column and determined daily release rates of methane (a powerful greenhouse gas) and ethane throughout the leak. The methane release rates were nearly double that of the entire Los Angeles region combined. Thus, single vulnerabilities can have major implications for state and federal climate policy. Science, this issue p. 1317 Methane release rates from a single leak were nearly double that of the entire rest of the Los Angeles region. Single-point failures of natural gas infrastructure can hamper methane emission control strategies designed to mitigate climate change. The 23 October 2015 blowout of a well connected to the Aliso Canyon underground storage facility in California resulted in a massive release of natural gas. Analysis of methane and ethane data from dozens of plume transects, collected during 13 research-aircraft flights between 7 November 2015 and 13 February 2016, shows atmospheric leak rates of up to 60 metric tons of methane and 4.5 metric tons of ethane per hour. At its peak, this blowout effectively doubled the methane emission rate of the entire Los Angeles basin and, in total, released 97,100 metric tons of methane to the atmosphere.
Control of a planar system with quantized and saturated input/output

The stabilization problem for a simple (unstable) planar system in the presence of input and output quantization and saturation is addressed. It is shown that global stability to a terminal set, the size of which can be arbitrarily reduced, is achieved by means of a hybrid output feedback control law, which reads out the plant only three values and delivers a control action composed of three values. Directions to extend the proposed results to a class of -dimensional systems are also provided. Simulation results complete the work.
Tuberculosis and HIV Infection

In 1983 the first National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Workshop on the pulmonary complications of AIDS failed to recognize the link between HIV and TB. That same year three separate reports by Pitchenik, Pape, and Vieira noted an increased incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected Haitians living in both Haiti and the United States. During the past decade HIV infection has transformed tuberculosis from an endemic disease into a worldwide epidemic. In the United States approximately 1 million people are HIVseropositive, while 10-19 million people harbor the tubercle bacillus. The degree of overlap is unknown. However, since 1986 there has been a progressive increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States, between one-third and one-half of all new cases being attributed to HIV infection. ' The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 9-11 million adults are infected with HIV worldwide, while 1.75 billion people, i.e., onethird of the total human population are infected with M. tuberculosis. Approximately 4 million people are co-infected worldwide. Dolin et al. estimate that 0.3 million (4%) of the 7.5 million new cases of active tuberculous disease that occurred in 1990 worldwide could be attributed to HIV infection. By the year 2000, 1.4 million (14%) of the 10.2 million new cases of TB occurring each year will be attributable to HIV infection. This review will focus on the interaction between M. tuberculosis and HIV with particular emphasis on its effect in the United States.
NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice

A dietary supplement protects aging muscle The oxidized form of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is critical for mitochondrial function, and its supplementation can lead to increased longevity. Zhang et al. found that feeding the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) to aging mice protected them from muscle degeneration (see the Perspective by Guarente). NR treatment enhanced muscle function and also protected mice from the loss of muscle stem cells. The treatment was similarly protective of neural and melanocyte stem cells, which may have contributed to the extended life span of the NR-treated animals. Science, this issue p. 1436; see also p. 1396 A dietary supplement protects muscle stem cells and increases mouse longevity. Adult stem cells (SCs) are essential for tissue maintenance and regeneration yet are susceptible to senescence during aging. We demonstrate the importance of the amount of the oxidized form of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its effect on mitochondrial activity as a pivotal switch to modulate muscle SC (MuSC) senescence. Treatment with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) induced the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and synthesis of prohibitin proteins, and this rejuvenated MuSCs in aged mice. NR also prevented MuSC senescence in the mdx (C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx/J) mouse model of muscular dystrophy. We furthermore demonstrate that NR delays senescence of neural SCs and melanocyte SCs and increases mouse life span. Strategies that conserve cellular NAD+ may reprogram dysfunctional SCs and improve life span in mammals.
Ultra-Low-Noise High-Input Impedance Amplifier for Low-Frequency Measurement Applications

The design of a low-frequency high-input-impedance amplifier having probably the lowest noise ever reported is presented. The amplifier's frequency range is from about 0.07 Hz to about 110 kHz at the -3-dB level. The equivalent input noise voltage spectral density is about 5.6, 1.4, 0.6, and 0.5 nV/radicHz at frequencies 0.1, 1, 10, and 1000 Hz, respectively. Gain of the amplifier is about 83 dB. Noise analysis is made for active-type, capacitive-type, and low impedance signal sources. The contribution from different noise sources in the amplifier and JFET to the overall noise is shown.
Interface diagram: Design tool for supporting the development of modularity in complex product systems

For products with a myriad of systems, groups of specialised engineers develop entire technical sub-systems, and great effort is needed to integrate these systems for fulfilling the product’s intended properties describing its purposeful behaviour. This way of developing products gets even more complex when using a mass customisation strategy because standard designs (reusable modules) have to be designed to fit a range of products. This product development set-up requires that engineers working in different technical domains collaborate and are able to share information in a unified way. This article presents a visual design tool –the Interface diagram– which aims to support the engineering process of developing modularity in complex product systems. The tool is a model of a product system representing the arrangement of its elements and their interfaces. The tool has similar characteristics to a high-level product architecture model, aiming at supporting integration of technical sub-systems by documenting interfaces and interactions among components from different functional sub-systems and among different physical modules. One of the objectives for using the design tool is to support the activity of decomposing a product system into modules consisting of components developed by different engineering teams. The usefulness of the Interface diagram has been tested in an industrial development project showing positive results of shortening the lead time and minimising rework. Moreover, the Interface diagram has been used in interplay with a broader Product Lifecycle Management system. This allows the product structures from the Interface diagram to be enriched with detailed product documentation like computer-aided design, requirements, view models, design specifications and interface descriptions.
Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity

Parasitic worms affect gut microbes Improved hygiene practices in high-income countries may come with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or other similar disorders. Ramanan et al. show that intestinal helminth infection, caused by parasitic worms, protects IBD-susceptible mice from developing the disease. The infection increases specific protective species and limits other inflammatory members of the microbiota. People from helminth-endemic regions harbored a similar protective microbiota, and their deworming led to an increase in inflammatory Bacteroidales species, similar to what the authors observed in the mice. Thus, a changing microbial environment may shape susceptibility to inflammatory disease. Science, this issue p. 608 Intestinal helminths affect gut microbe composition and influence susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, in developed nations is associated with changes to the microbial environment, such as decreased prevalence of helminth colonization and alterations to the gut microbiota. We find that helminth infection protects mice deficient in the Crohn’s disease susceptibility gene Nod2 from intestinal abnormalities by inhibiting colonization by an inflammatory Bacteroides species. Resistance to Bacteroides colonization was dependent on type 2 immunity, which promoted the establishment of a protective microbiota enriched in Clostridiales. Additionally, we show that individuals from helminth-endemic regions harbor a similar protective microbiota and that deworming treatment reduced levels of Clostridiales and increased Bacteroidales. These results support a model of the hygiene hypothesis in which certain individuals are genetically susceptible to the consequences of a changing microbial environment.
Concomitant nevirapine therapy is associated with higher efficacy of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients.

Objective: To determine the influence of nevirapine (NVP) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) on the efficacy of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Methods: All HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who received peg-IFN plus RBV while under a three-drug antiretroviral regimen including tenofovir (TDF) plus lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) along with NVP or along with LPV/r at twenty hospitals in Spain were included in this retrospective study. Sustained virological response (SVR) rates in both groups were compared. Results: A total of 165 patients were included in the study, 71 (43%) receiving NVP and 94 (57%) LPV/r. Significantly more patients on LPV/r had a baseline HCV-RNA load ≥600000 IU/mL (44% vs. 73%, p=0.001). Forty (56%) individuals included in the NVP group and 35 (37%) in the LPV/r group showed SVR (p=0.015). In the NVP group, 19 (43%) patients carrying genotype 1-4 and 21 (78%) subjects with genotype 2-3 achieved SVR. In the LPV/r group, the corresponding figures were 25% (p=0.04) and 59% (p=0.1). In the subpopulation of individuals with baseline HCV viral load ≥600,000 IU/mL, 18 (58%) of those taking NVP vs. 21 (31%) who were given LPV/r reached SVR (p=0.01). HCV genotype 2-3, adherence to HCV therapy >80% and use of NVP during peg-IFN plus RBV were independently associated with SVR in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who receive NVP respond better to peg-IFN plus RBV than those individuals receiving LPV/r. Lower HCV viral load due to NVP treatment may account for the former differences.
Strength and Conditioning Considerations for Mixed Martial Arts

MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) IS AN EXCITING AND COMPLEX SPORT THAT COMBINES THE TECHNIQUES OF BOXING, MUAY THAI KICKBOXING, AND VARIOUS GRAPPLING DISCIPLINES SUCH AS GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING, FREESTYLE WRESTLING, AND BRAZILIAN JIU-JITSU. MMA IS A PHYSIOLOGICALLY DEMANDING SPORT. IT CAN POTENTIALLY CHALLENGE AND TAX ALL OF THE ENERGY SYSTEMS, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF OVERREACHING/OVERTRAINING IS A CONCERN. TO DATE, THERE IS LIMITED PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH EXAMINING THE OPTIMAL TRAINING METHODS FOR AN ATHLETE COMPETING IN MMA. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO DISCUSS SOME OF THE AVAILABLE PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH SURROUNDING THIS SPORT AND PROVIDE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING SPECIALISTS.
A heated mirror for future climate

Climatic changes 55.9 million years ago resemble those expected in the future Climate has always changed naturally, and this is not good news when contemplating a human-forced future. The natural responses have been as large as, or larger than, those simulated by leading models for shorter time scales, with major biological and physical impacts. The possible effects of rapid carbon dioxide (CO2) release may be clearest from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) about 55.9 million years ago, when a large, natural CO2 release drove strong warming that caused amplifying feedbacks, dwarfing of large animals, ecosystem disruptions, soil degradation, water-cycle shifts, and other major changes (see the figure). The climatic changes during the PETM occurred over longer time scales than those of anthropogenic climate change. The impacts of the latter may thus be even more severe.
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in HIV-Negative Patients: Report of 10 Cases

Ten cases of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) in HIV- negative patients are presented. Eight of the 10 patients were on steroid treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1 patient was on prednisone as part of a therapeutic regimen for gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and 1 patient did not have any history of immunosuppression. There were 5 men and 5 women, ages 32-79, with mean age being 61.8 years. Nine out of 10 lesions were located unilaterally on the tongue, whereas 1 lesion was located at the junction of the hard and soft palate. All lesions were described as painless, corrugated, nonremovable white plaques (leukoplakias). Histologic features were consistent with Epstein—Barr virus—associated hyperkeratosis suggestive of OHL, and confirmatory in situ hybridization was performed in all cases. Candida hyphae and spores were present in 8 cases. Pathologists should be aware of OHL presenting not only in HIV-positive and HIV-negative organ transplant recipients but also in patients receiving steroid treatment, and more important, certain histologic features should raise suspicion for such diagnosis without prior knowledge of immunosuppression.
A CMOS Highly Linear Digitally Programmable Active-RC Design Approach

A new approach providing the active-RC integrator with programmable time constant is proposed. An inherently linear current division network (CDN) preserving the high linearity property of the active RC technique while providing wide tuning characteristics is adopted. The proposed integrator provides wider tuning range, and higher tuning resolution accompanied with better linearity and/or reduced area than what could be obtained from capacitor and resistor banks. The proposed integrator uses two opamps per integrator just like its MOSFET-C counterpart but it inherently exhibits better linearity and wider tuning range particularly for low voltage supply. A reconfigurable filter exhibiting complex bandpass and normal lowpass responses is realized. Experimental results obtained from a 4th-order filter fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process are given. The complex and lowpass filters achieve in-band spurious-free dynamic ranges (SFDRs) of about 70 dB and 71 dB for bandwidths of 1 MHz and 5.5 MHz, respectively.
The importance of resilience to primary care practitioners: an interactive psycho-social model

Please cite this paper as: The importance of Resilience to Primary Care Practitioners: an Interactive Psycho-Social Model. Muller R, WardPR, Winefield T, Tsourtos G, Lawn S. AMJ 2009,1,1, 1-15. Doi 10.4066/ AMJ.2009. 23 Muller, R. , Ward, P.R. , Winefield, A. , Tsourtos, G. & Lawn, S. , 2009. The importance of resilience to primary care practitioners: an interactive psycho-social model. Australasian Medical Journal, 2(1), 1-15.
The Pharmacological Approach of Behavioral Disturbances in Dementia

Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) are often overlooked due to the main focus of treating or preventing cognitive decline symptoms. Almost two-thirds of patients with dementia will develop some type of noncognitive symptoms that include symptoms such as wandering, agitation, sexually inappropriate behaviors, physical and verbal aggression, uncooperativeness, and “sun-downing. ” Psychological symptoms include depression, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, and suspiciousness/paranoia. Worsening of these symptoms can lead to caregiver burden and is one of the major reasons for patients with dementia to be institutionalized. A major drawback of treating these symptoms pharmacologically is that the response rate is low with the current available therapies such as antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants. In addition, all of these therapeutic classes have drawbacks due to side effect profiles. This article provides an overview of the current recommendations for pharmacological approaches for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Tissue of origin dictates branched-chain amino acid metabolism in mutant Kras-driven cancers

Tumor genetics guides patient selection for many new therapies, and cell culture studies have demonstrated that specific mutations can promote metabolic phenotypes. However, whether tissue context defines cancer dependence on specific metabolic pathways is unknown. Kras activation and Trp53 deletion in the pancreas or the lung result in pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) or non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), respectively, but despite the same initiating events, these tumors use branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) differently. NSCLC tumors incorporate free BCAAs into tissue protein and use BCAAs as a nitrogen source, whereas PDAC tumors have decreased BCAA uptake. These differences are reflected in expression levels of BCAA catabolic enzymes in both mice and humans. Loss of Bcat1 and Bcat2, the enzymes responsible for BCAA use, impairs NSCLC tumor formation, but these enzymes are not required for PDAC tumor formation, arguing that tissue of origin is an important determinant of how cancers satisfy their metabolic requirements.
A 1-mW 1.13–1.9 GHz CMOS LC VCO Using Shunt-Connected Switched-Coupled Inductors

A low-power wideband LC VCO has been designed and implemented in a 90-nm CMOS technology. Wide tuning range, low phase noise and low power consumption are achieved thanks to the adopted LC tank, which makes use of shunt-connected switched-coupled inductors and a proper arrangement of varactors. The shunt-connected switched-coupled inductors provide coarse tuning and phase noise optimization without using amplitude calibration loop or trimming of the bias current. The proposed varactors configuration employs accumulation mode thin and thick MOS devices, which has been differently biased to obtain tuning range maximization along with minimization of the amplitude-to-phase noise conversion. The LC-tank topology and inductor layout have been properly designed to attain a die area comparable to a single-inductor VCO, taking advantage of the inductors mutual coupling. The VCO exhibits a phase noise at 1-MHz offset frequency lower than -114 dBc/Hz over the entire tuning range and achieves -126.1 dBc/Hz at 1.2 GHz. It provides a tuning range of 51% from 1.13 GHz to 1.9 GHz with a tuning voltage ranging from 0 to 1.2 V. Despite a very low current consumption, which is 0.88 mA from a 1.2-V supply, the proposed VCO has the outstanding PFTN figure-of-merit of 10. The VCO core die area is 0.5 mm2.
A Comparison of Stress Factors in Home and Inpatient Hospice Nurses

Generally considered a philosophy of care rather than a place, hospice is a unique blend of services that addresses the needs of dying persons and those close to them. Frontline workers are critical to the success of hospice, so it follows that the level of stress and general well-being felt by these workers is centrally important. An overly stressed, demoralized, or alienated direct service staff is unlikely to personify hospice caring or deliver high-quality, compassionate care for the terminally ill and their families, which epitomizes the hospice caliber philosophy of care. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived stress factors of inpatient and home hospice nurses and their correlation to perceived self-efficacy. The top stressors perceived by participating hospice nurses were "making a mistake when treating a patient," "insufficient personnel to handle workload," "fellow workers not doing their job," "inadequate support from supervisor/manager," "disagreement with a medical professional concerning treatment of patient," and "personal insult from patients or families. " Statistically significant relationships exist between some of the stressors surveyed in different areas and the stressors' total and general perceived self-efficacy score. In the statistically significant relationships with perceived self-efficacy, the direction is negative, indicating a high ranking of the stressor or the total correlates to a lower score on perceived self-efficacy. Analysis was also done on the relationship of stress to age, education level, and years of experience in healthcare. This study used the research approach of a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study using the method of survey research. Nurses working in 14 hospice organizations in Midwest United States were surveyed to learn about perceived sources of stress and perceived self-efficacy. The importance of this study is the identification of perceived occupational stressors among hospice nurses, combined with an understanding of the relationship to perceived self-efficacy. This identification of perceived stress factors in hospice nurses can lead to a better understanding of the needs of hospice nurses as it relates to hiring, education, in-services, and retention of personnel in this unique area of healthcare.