Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Theory and Instructional Technology

This paper discusses how the theories of innovation diffusion have been incorporated into the field of instructional technology. The paper begins with a brief description of general diffusion theory that includes mention of the four most commonly discussed diffusion theories. Following the discussion of general diffusion theory, the author describes how general diffusion theories have been used to form diffusion theories specific to the field of instructional technology. The paper states that the two major categories of IT-related diffusion theory are Systemic Change Theories and Product Utilization Theories. Examples of each category are provided. The paper identifies and describes two opposing philosophical views of technology: Determinism and Instrumentalism. The author uses the two philosophies of technology to create two subcategories of IT-related diffusion theory: Developer Based Theories and Adopter Based Theories. Examples of both subcategories are provided.The author contends that Developer aBased Theories are flawed in that they overstate the role of technological superiority in the diffusion process.
Running Head: PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN FOOTBALL A Phenomenological Interpretation of the Parent-Child Relationship in Elite Youth Football Submitted to: Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology Running Head: PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN FOOTBALL

Youth sport parenting research, in psychology, has methodologically prioritised individual level analysis of the behaviours, perceptions or needs of parents and young athletes. While this has contributed greatly to understanding the role of parents in sport, children’s parenting preferences and the challenges of parenting in this unique setting, an exploration of parenting in youth sport from a dyadic, inter-individual perspective has received far less attention. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to explore parent’s and children’s experience of their interaction and relationship, in the context of elite youth football. Eight parent-player dyads, recruited from English professional football club youth academies, participated in phenomenological interviews. A two-stage analysis process was performed to explore individual parent and player experiences and examine how accounts related dyadically. Findings present a detailed description and interpretation of the parent-player relationship; as one constituted by relations with other family members, an embodied sense of closeness, the temporal significance of football transitions, and gender relations. This research advocates the need for a view of parenting in youth sport that accounts for how interaction is experienced by both parents and children and highlights the importance of conceptualising parenting as an embodied, temporal process, constituted through interaction and the social context.
Investigations on the angle of directional hearing acuity

This article presents results of investigations of the angle of directional hearing acuity (ADHA) as a measure of the spatial hearing ability. A modified method proposed by Zakrzewski has been used -- ADHA values have been determined for azimuths in the horizontal plane at the height of the listener's head. Application of different acoustic signals - sinusoidal signals (pure tones), 1/3 octave noise, and amplitude modulated 1/3 octave noise, helped to reveal significant differences in ADHA values for individual signal types. A better localization of the sound source for noise type signals than those for sinusoidal signals has been found. Furthermore, smaller differences in the perception of noise signals compared with differences in the perception of sinusoidal signals were recorded for individual listeners. The best localization was stated for the azimuth 0o and the worst for the azimuth 90o and 270o.
Performance-Based Contracting in the Air Force. A Report on Experiences in the Field

Abstract : A performance-based contract tells the seller what the buyer wants done, not how to do it, and since 1991 it has been the policy of the federal government that agencies use performance-based contracting methods to the maximum extent practicable when acquiring services. Department of Defense interest in performance-based contracting has increased in recent years, and in April 2000 the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology directed that 50 percent of service acquisitions be performance based by the year 2005. A variety of Air Force instructions, publications, and policies are in place to aggressively implement this policy. The primary goal of this study is to use examples of successful Air Force applications of performance-based services acquisition (PBSA) to illustrate how to pursue these practices elsewhere. In this documented briefing, the results of interviews with personnel at Air Force bases that have used PBSA are arranged as a "walk-through" of the process of applying these techniques to the development of a contract. On the basis of these interview results, we reach several conclusions about what seems to work in the field and what needs to be improved, and we then summarize these conclusions in a list of lessons learned from experiences in PBSA implementation.
AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer: Meta‐Analysis of 503 Field Evaluations

AVAIL, a maleic-itaconic copolymer product marketed to enhance phosphorus (P) fertilizers, has been the subject of considerable research, debate, and legal action in recent years. Much of the debate has focused on the feasibility of AVAIL’s proposed mode of action, compared to quantifying crop response in the field. Although some effort has been made to summarize field research on crop response to AVAIL, most have not adequately considered standard principles in soil fertility. A surprising number of studies on AVAIL were conducted under conditions where no P response would be expected with conventional P fertilizers, and consequently should be dismissed. A meta-analysis was conducted on all of the available studies on AVAIL P fertilization and parsed these data based on soil test P (STP), pH, and P fertilizer rate – three factors fundamentally accepted to influence crop P response. When all of the possible data were considered (503 data points), AVAIL increased crop yields by 2.1% (P <0.0001). However, when only those data were considered where a P response would be expected (i.e. low STP, extreme pH, and low P fertilizer rate; 116 data points), AVAIL increased crop yields by 4.6% (P <0.0001), which increases to 5.8% when only peer-reviewed and thesis/dissertation literature were considered. AVAIL is therefore effective in significantly increasing crop yields when used under conditions where a P response would be expected and when it is used appropriately. We urge researchers to use fundamental soil fertility principles when evaluating crop response to AVAIL. To protect the rights of the authors and the future publisher we advise the reader that this report is a draft for internal use only by the author, editor, reviewers, and the Control Official Members of such AAPFCO Committees as will be involved in its official review. Publication/distribution of this report online or in print beyond the permissions given above is prohibited. This preliminary report is the copyright property of the authors.
Value-based approach in managing of international high-tech companies

This paper presents a research dedicated to identification a model of fundamental value of equity estimation which can be applied for high-technology companies. The goal of the research is to develop a value estimation model within the framework of Value-Based Management and based on Residual Earnings model. The paper analyses main value creating characteristics of high-tech companies from the point of view of external investor; such characteristics are: value of intangible assets, growth rate, risks and uncertainty. Research sample is represented by international hightech companies listed on NYSE and selected from 6 high-tech industries: Software, Hardware, Electronics, Semiconductors, Semiconductor equipment, Telecommunications. The research proved set hypotheses that intangible assets and growth rate significantly influence on market capitalization of high-tech companies; that equity is one of the most important financial indicator which influence on investors decision concerning purchase of shares, and finally that residual earnings become more important when investors decide whether to keep or sell companies’ shares. Also possible managerial application of research results was investigated.
The Experiencing and Remembering of Well-Being: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

Four studies were conducted to examine cultural differences in specific and global reports of well-being. The first two studies were designed to determine whether cultural differences in emotional experiences would emerge at the time of actual experience or at the time of retrospective judgments, using a daily diary and an experience sampling method. Using more controlled methods, Studies 3 and 4 examined the memory, conscious weighting, and nonconscious weighting hypotheses. The results indicate that although there were no cultural differences in online experiences of well-being, European Americans reported a higher degree of well-being than did Asians in retrospective reports. Studies 3 and 4 also indicate that these cultural differences were not due to explicit memory for emotional events or conscious weighting of positive versus negative information. Rather, the cultural difference in retrospective reports of well-being appears to be due to nonconscious weighting of positive versus negative information.
To Study Stomatal Conductance at Different Leaf Positions and Xylem Flow Rate at Different Depths in the Apple Branch

The influence of leaf position (age) on the shoot on stomatal conductance and depth on xylem flow rate in apples (Maluspumila) MM106 cv. Gala branches were studied at Lincoln University Canterbury, New Zealand. Leaf position on the shoot had significant effect on the stomatal conductance. Old leaves had a higher stomatal conductance (g.) 0.53 (mol H 2 0 m-2 S-1 day-1 followed fully expanded new leaves with 0.48 (mol H 2 0 m-2 S-1 day-1 as compared to that for new (not fully expanded) leaves which was 0.20 (mol H 2 0 m-2 S-1 day-'. However. the apical positions exhibited rapid changes in g. while the intermediate leaves exhibited somewhat uniform changes in g. through out the day. A progressive decrease in xylem flow was measured across the branches of apple trees. The highest xylem flow was at 7.5mm depth from the surface of bark.
MicroRNA351 targeting TRAF6 alleviates dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy.

Background Glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (Dex), are corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal gland, which are used as potent anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, and immunosuppressive agents. Dex is commonly used in patients with malignant tumors, such lung cancer. However, administration of high-dose Dex induces severe atrophy of the skeletal muscle, and the underlying mechanisms of this skeletal muscle atrophy remain unclear. Abundant miRNAs of skeletal muscle, such as miR-351, play an important role in the regulation of extenuating the process of muscle atrophy. Methods The mRNA and protein expression of TRAF6, MuRF1, MAFbx was determined by real-time PCR and western blot, while the expression of miR-351 was detected by real-time PCR. The myotubes were transfected with miR-351 mimic, negative control, or miR-351 inhibitor. The C2C12 myotubes diameter was measured. Results MicroRNA351 (miR-351) level was markedly reduced and the mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were increased in Dex-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. miR-351 directly interacted with the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of TRAF6. Interestingly, miR-351 administration notably inhibited the reduction of the C2C12 myotube diameter induced by Dex treatment and reduced the levels of TRAF6, muscle-RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx). Conclusions miR-351 counteracts Dex-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy by repressing the TRAF6 expression as well as E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 and MAFbx. miR-351 maybe a potential target for development of a new strategy for skeletal muscle atrophy.
Secondary imprinting in the domestic chick: Binocular and lateralized monocular performance

Newly-hatched chicks were reared with a coloured imprinting object on day 1 of life (primary imprinting) and then with an object of a different colour (secondary imprinting) on day 2. They were then tested on day 3 for preferences between the primary and the secondary imprinting object in binocular and in monocular conditions. The main results were that (1) left-eyed chicks usually showed clearer choice than right-eyed chicks; (2) there were colour preferences that appeared to affect choice differently in left- and right-eyed chicks; (3) eye asymmetries were in general more pronounced in males than in females. Experiments using composite stimuli (that contained simultaneously the colours of both the primary and the secondary imprinting objects) and experiments in which retention of memories for the primary and secondary imprinting objects were tested against the preference for novel objects showed that the eye asymmetries cannot be explained neither by hemispheric differences in response to novelty nor by different rates of forgetting of primary and secondary imprinting objects in the two hemispheres. It is argued that properties of single-units responses in neural structures involved in imprinting in the left and right hemisphere can account for these behavioural results.
Biotic contribution to air‐sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 and its relation to new production, export production, and net community production

The contribution of the marine biota to air‐sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 is often described in terms of biological production concepts, such as new production, export production, and net community production. We evaluate these three quantities using a basin‐scale ecosystem‐circulation model of the North Atlantic Ocean based on Redfield stoichiometry into which we introduce an artificial tracer which records the biotic contribution to air‐sea exchange of gases like O2 and CO2. It is found that on average the biological production rates overestimate the biotically effected air‐sea flux by some 20% and, in some regions, even predict the wrong direction. With primary production restricted to the euphotic zone, but respiration extending to farther below, the discrepancy can largely be attributed to the different integration depths used in the different concepts (euphotic zone, surface mixed layer), and on annual and longer timescales, all rates converge when using the base of the winter mixed layer rather than that of the euphotic zone as the reference depth. For the surface carbon budget, which ultimately controls air‐sea exchange of CO2, it is irrelevant whether carbon atoms cross this boundary in organic or inorganic speciation. Hence the transports of biotically generated surpluses or deficits of dissolved inorganic matter must also be accounted for. While their contribution amounts to only a few percent on the basin scale, the subduction of newly remineralized inorganic matter can locally account for about half of the biotically effected air‐sea flux, for example, in regions of mode‐water formation.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ocimum basilicum var. album (L.) Benth, Lavandula angustifolia subsp. Angustifolia, Melissa officinalis Belonging to Lamiaceae Family

The present study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum var. album (L.) Benth, Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia, Melissa officinalis. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled essential oils of Ocimum basilicum var. album (L.) Benth. , Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia, Melissa officinalis was analyzed by a GC/MS system. Ocimum basilicum var. album (L.) Benth essential oil contains 1,6-octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl (53.79%), Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia essential oil 1,6-octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl (42.07%), Melissa officinalis essential oil d-limonene (26%). Antimicrobial screening of the essential oils was made by disc diffusion. The antimicrobial test results showed that the Ocimum basilicum var. album (L.) Benth, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia essential oils have great potential of antimicrobial activity against all three (Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6338) Gram positive, Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) Gram negative bacteria), one fungi (Aspergillus niger), one yeast (Candida albicans) species tested.
Neodymium isotope geochemistry of felsic volcanic and intrusive rocks from the YukonTanana Terrane in the Finlayson Lake Region, Yukon, Canada

Devonian-Mississippian felsic rocks from the Finlayson Lake region have variable geochemical and Nd isotopic characteristics that provide insights into the tectonic and metallogenic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT), and the northern Cordillera. Late Devonian (365-360 Ma) calc-alkaline and tholeiitic arc felsic rocks in the mafic-dominated Fire Lake unit yield eNd350 = -4.8 and +0.1, respectively, and have 1.49-1.94 Ga depleted mantle model ages (TDM). Devonian-Mississippian (360-356 Ma) felsic volcanic (Kudz Ze Kayah unit, Wolverine succession) and intrusive rocks (Grass Lakes suite) associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits have eNd350 = -7.8 to -9.5 with TDM = 1.59-2.25 Ga. A granitoid sample from the Early Mississippian (350-345 Ma) Simpson Range plutonic suite has eNd350 = -12.9 and TDM = 2.01 Ga, similar to previously reported values for this suite. The VMS-associated Grass Lakes suite of granitoids has higher high field strength element (HFSE) and rare-earth element (REE) contents, and higher Zr/Sc, Zr/TiO2, Nb/La, and Zr/La values relative to the Simpson Range plutonic suite; these geochemical features are similar to coeval VMS-associated felsic volcanic rocks in the Kudz Ze Kayah unit. The identification of similar HFSE-REE-enriched felsic volcanic and subvolcanic intrusive rocks may aid in delineating prospective regions for VMS mineralization in the YTT and other continental-margin arc to back-arc environments. The geochemical and Nd isotopic data for these YTT felsic rocks suggest that they reflect episodic mid-Paleozoic arc (Fire Lake unit; Simpson Range plutonic suite) and back-arc magmatism (Kudz Ze Kudz unit; Wolverine succession) built upon a transitional basement with variable, but significant, influence from evolved (Proterozoic) crustal materials.
Strategic Incentives in Biosecurity Actions: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses

We model a game between two players taking biosecurity actions and characterize the Nash equilibria and their properties for the cases of strategic complements and substitutes. Implications of the theoretical model are investigated using data for biosecurity behavior among producers participating in a livestock exhibition. Biosecurity actions with own benefits and lasting impacts in home communities exhibit a positive relationship with behavior of the producers from geographically close areas. The number and probabilities of biosecurity actions taken by exhibitors are positively associated with the number of animals exhibited and they vary among commercial and hobby producers and across species/types of commercial production.
PDE-Driven Level Sets, Shape Sensitivity and Curvature Flow for Structural Topology Optimization

This paper addresses the problem of structural shape and topology optimization. A level set method is adopted as an alternative approach to the popular homogenization based methods. The paper focuses on four areas of discussion: (1) The level-set model of the structure’s shape is characterized as a region and global representation; the shape boundary is embedded in a higher-dimensional scalar function as its “iso-surface. ” Changes of the shape and topology are governed by a partial differential equation (PDE). (2) The velocity vector of the Hamilton-Jacobi PDE is shown to be naturally related to the shape derivative from the classical shape variational analysis. Thus, the level set method provides a natural setting to combine the rigorous shape variations into the optimization process. (3) Perimeter regularization is incorporated in the method to make the optimization problem well-posed. It also produces an effect of the geometric heat equation, regularizing and smoothing the geometric boundaries as an anisotropic filter. (4)We further describe numerical techniques for efficient and robust implementation of the method, by embedding a rectilinear grid in a fixed finite element mesh defined on a reference design domain. This would separate the issues of accuracy in numerical calculations of the physical equation and in the level-set model propagation. Finally, the benefit and the advantages of the developed method are illustrated with several 2D examples that have been extensively used in the recent literature of topology optimization, especially in the homogenization based methods. keyword: Topology optimization, level set method, shape sensitivity, curvature flow 1 Department of Automation and Computer-Aided Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. Tel. : +852-2609-8487; Fax: +852-2603-6002. E-mail: yuwang@acae.cuhk. edu.hk (M. Y. Wang). 2 School of Mechanical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, China
Correlation Between Anthropometric Measurements and Risk of Anemia Among Rural Community in Cangkringan, Sleman

Anemia has been detected on various age groups. Measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is a standard for deciding anemia conditions. The measurement requires certain costs, medical professional, and is invasive. People in rural areas need an economical, easy and simple examination to identify the risk of anemia. Anthropometric measurement is expected to be an appropriate measurement model for rural communities. The objective of the study is to obtain the best anthropometric measurement predictors for detecting anemia in rural communities. This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The inclusion criteria of the subjects of the study were residents of Cangkringan, who were between 40 and 60 years old. The subjects were chosen using random sampling cluster technique. The sample size was 100 respondents and was taken based on cluster. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anemia. Analysis the difference in proportion was conducted using Mann-Whitney. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between Hb levels and anthropometric measurements by using Spearman. The results showed that only 5% of the subjects are in the status of anemia based on their Hb levels. There is a significant difference between Hb levels in the normal and obese groups based on the waist hip circumference ratios (WHR) (p = 0.002). The waist circumference has a weak correlation (r = 0.238, p = 0.017) and WR has a moderate correlation (r = 0.483, p = 0.000) with Hb levels. The results of this study are not appropriate in which central obese patients should be more at risk of anemia. This study concludes that there is a significant positive moderate correlation between anthropometry, which is the waist circumference parameters and WHR, to the Hb levels in rural communities.