Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Length Normalization in Degraded Text Collections

Optical character recognition (OCR) is the most commonly used technique to convert printed material into electronic form. Using OCR, large repositories of machine readable text can be created in a short time. An information retrieval system can then be used to search through large information bases thus created. Many information retrieval systems use sophisticated term weighting functions to improve the effectiveness of a search. Term weighting schemes can be highly sensitive to the errors in the input text, introduced by the OCR process. This study examines the effects of the well known cosine normalization method in the presence of OCR errors and proposes a new, more robust, normalization method. Experiments show that the new scheme is less sensitive to OCR errors and facilitates use of more diverse basic weighting schemes. It also yields significant improvements in retrieval effectiveness over cosine normalization.
Quantitative V&V of CFD simulations and certification of CFD codes

Definitions and equations are provided for the quantitative assessment of numerical (verification) and modelling (validation) errors and uncertainties for CFD simulations and of intervals of certification for CFD codes. Verification, validation, and certification methodology and procedures are described. Examples of application of quantitative certification of RANS codes are presented for ship hydrodynamics. Opportunities and challenges for achieving consensus and standard V&V and certification methodology and procedures are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishing requirements for a digital solution in the diabetes type II care

It is estimated that 415 million people are living with diabetes worldwide, of which 90 % are diabetes type II (T2D). The prevalence is expected to increase over the coming years due to the ageing population, and thereby also the associated health expenditures. Evidence based guidelines of the T2D care emphasise self-care and lifestyle interventions to decrease the risk of complications, but national evaluations in Sweden show that adherence is low. A suggestion is to introduce digital solutions in the diabetes care as it has been proven effective to improve glycemic control among patients. The aim of this study is to describe the current T2D care process in the Region of Västra Götaland (VGR) in Sweden and outline the requirements for enhancing the care with digital solutions. A qualitative study was performed in collaboration with four primary care centres in VGR. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five diabetes nurses and five T2D patients to understand the current state of the T2D care process and the potential usefulness of digital interventions. The collected interview data, in conjunction with data from a literature study on T2D and eHealth, were analysed and transferred into software requirements and conceptualised as a low-fidelity prototype of a digital solution. As a final step, the requirements were compared with features in the Swedish national Support and Treatment (SoB) platform to assess its adequacy as a potential tool in the T2D care. The current state analysis revealed a highly standardised T2D care process, despite patients being strikingly diverse in terms of capabilities, needs and motivations. The defined requirements resulted in a digital concept aiming to support self-care by enhancing the educational process for T2D patients. With the solution, knowledge required for successful diabetes management can be manifested in patients’ everyday life by introducing personalised education with included reflective elements, and embedding recorded diabetes related data in an educational context. The technical architecture in VGR permit digital solutions to be incorporated either as external applications or through the SoB platform. However, neither of the two options enables integration with the clinical information systems. The conducted study provides a basic theoretical and practical foundation for a future digital implementation in the T2D care. It is concluded that more work is required to promote semantic and technical interoperability, but VGR do have the means to introduce a digital solution to enhance the T2D care today.
Learning How to Learn, Art Education and the ‘Background’

This paper describes the conditions that make learning how to learn in art possible. Rather than privileging risk-taking or the playfulness of primary process thinking, I will use a Wittgensteinian understanding of mind to argue against this approach in favour of one that raises students’ awareness of the cultural and cognitive ‘backgrounds’ (forms of life and language games) against which our individual actions and risks are framed and understood. Instead of building art education on a metaphysical view of the self, this paper will advocate a social constructivist approach to curriculum, pedagogy and assessment to create a cognitive map for ‘the background’ of art. When these three are practised in a mutual way they connect individual minds to the resources or mind of culture which, in turn, makes lifelong learning possible, reclaiming the idea of art-for-life’s sake.
Pathophysiology, Clinical consequences, Epidemiology and Treatment of Hyperurecemic gout

Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disorder worldwide with an increased level of serum urate/ uric acid (UA) up to 6.8 mg/Dl. It is a precursor of gout, a rheumatic inflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of uric acid in the form of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints. It may be due to under secretion or over production or both. MSU crystals stimulated a powerful inflammatory reaction resulted in acute pain in joints. There are various marketed drugs used for the treatment of hyperuricemia i.e. allopurinol and Febuxostat . globally the prevalence of hyperurecemic gout is increasing day by day, it is 138th ranked factor of disability.it is more prevalent in male as compared to female and more present in developed countries than underdeveloped countries . it can be minimize by life style modification. Present attempt has been made to summarize the pathophysiology, clinical consequence, epidemiology and conventional treatment of hyperurecemic gout.
Pseudo-morphemic structure inhibits, but morphemic structure facilitates, processing of a repeated free morpheme

ABSTRACT Five experiments examined whether words with embedded morphemes are automatically morphologically parsed, even when doing so does not reflect the actual morphological structure. We found that the presence of an embedded morpheme in a word affects the subsequent processing of those embedded morphemes and that the effect depends on a mixture of facilitation due to the orthographic overlap and inhibition that depends on whether the target functions morphologically in the prime. Exposure to a word in which the target (e.g. car) does not function as a morpheme (e.g. carpet) made it more difficult (relative to an unrelated prime) to identify that target as a word, whereas exposure to a word in which the target was a productive morpheme (e.g. hogwash) made it easier to process the target (e.g. hog), and that these effects cannot be reduced to semantic, orthographic, phonological, or syllabic overlap.
Feto Maternal Outcome Among Abruptio Placentae Casesat a University Hospital of Sindh

OBJECTIVE: To determine fetomaternal outcome in women presenting with abruptio placentae at our setup. DESIGN: A descriptive study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit-II, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh â€“ Pakistan. Study was carried out from January to December 2007. METHODS: All patients presenting with antepartum hemorrhage due to abruptio placentae at any gestational age after 28 weeks to term were included in the study. Women having bleeding due to causes other than abruption like placenta previa, vasa previa, carcinoma cervix and other local lesions were excluded. All the data collected through history, examination and investigations were recorded on a predesigned proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 10.0. RESULTS: Total number of cases admitted in labour ward was 2563. Forty-eight (1.87%) women had abruptio placentae. Maternal complications were postpartum hemorrhage (16.6%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (4.16%) and renal failure (6.25%). Maternal death occurred in 4 women (8.33%). Adverse fetal outcome was noted in severe cases of abruption. Still birth occurred in 41.6% cases. CONCLUSION: In our setup, frequency of abruptio placenta is comparable with local and international literature. Incidence of abruptio placenta is high in our women as most of the women belong to poor socio-economic class. Antenatal care plays an important role in decreasing the incidence of abruptio placenta.
Enforcing calibration in ensemble postprocessing

Desirable attributes of probability forecasts are maximal sharpness, consistent with calibration (‘reliability’). The usual procedure of optimizing ensemble‐postprocessing parameters by minimizing a proper scoring rule such as the continuous ranked probability score or the ‘ignorance’ (i.e. negative log‐likelihood) does not guarantee the necessary calibration condition, potentially compromising the value of the resulting forecasts to users. The calibration condition can be enforced by including a miscalibration penalty in the loss function to be minimized in parameter estimation. The procedure is illustrated using ensemble forecasts for minimum temperatures and wind speeds, postprocessed using member‐by‐member algorithms.
Measuring Tutoring Effectiveness by Program Delivery Model: Small Group Tutoring Compared to Tutoring in Labs in Mathematics, Physics, and Accounting

MEASURING TUTORING EFFECTIVENESS BY PROGRAM DELIVERY MODELSMALL GROUP TUTORING COMPARED TO TUTORING IN LABS IN MATHEMATICS, ACCOUNTING, AND PHYSICS by Mary Allison Quinn This study examines the effectiveness of two common tutoring program delivery models by analyzing tutored and nontutored students’ grades and semester grade point averages in three subject areas. The effects of gender, age (if 25 years or older), course, duration of tutoring, tutoring contacts, and contacts per week are also measured. The approach to the ex post facto study is quantitative and utilizes data from the Student Information System at Appalachian State University and from tutoring contact sheets. Areas of data presentation include analysis of covariance results for experimental group, gender, age (if 25 years or older), and course; and correlational results for duration of tutoring, tutoring contacts, and contacts per week. Statistical results from this research rejected 10 of the 72 null hypotheses at the E < . 05 level, and four of the rejected hypotheses were directily linked to the effect of experimental group. Findings showed that students who received tutoring in labs in mathematics and accounting had the highest semester grade point averages, and females earned higher course grades in mathematics and accounting, regardless of whether they were tutored or not. Results also showed that students 25 years or older who were enrolled in a physics course earned higher semester grade point averages as compared to younger students, regardless of whether they were tutored or not. Conclusions of this study emphasize the need for additional research with more students in the subject area of physics and for qualitative approaches to answer the questions of why specific variables were significant. Results and conclusions have applicability for tutoring program administrators in other settings.
The coughing horse

COUGHING is the most common sign of equine respiratory disease and is a familiar clinical problem. There are no definite figures available as to the current incidence of respiratory disease in horses in the UK, but in a survey carried out by the British Equine Veterinary Association in 1963, 10.3 per cent of the horses attended by veterinarians suffered from a respiratory complaint. Establishing a definite diagnosis is very complex and in a sizeable number of cases, especially in viral respiratory infections, no aetiology will be defined. An accurate history will allow a subdivision into acute and chronic cases (more than three months duration). Coughing is a highly co-ordinated reflex action designed to remove irritants from the tracheobronchial tree. The receptor organs are situated beneath the epithelium of the larynx and the airways down to the level of the respiratory bronchioles. Stimulation by mechanical or chemical agents initiates the cough reflex. The common causes of coughing in the horse will be discussed under the headings of acute and chronic disease. ACUTE COUGHING
BRCA Mutations and Breast Cancer Prevention

Women who inherit a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation face substantially increased risks of developing breast cancer, which is estimated at 70%. Although annual screening with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography promotes the earlier detection of the disease, the gold standard for the primary prevention of breast cancer remains bilateral mastectomy. In the current paper, I review the evidence regarding the management of healthy BRCA mutation carriers, including key risk factors and protective factors, and also discuss potential chemoprevention options. I also provide an overview of the key findings from the literature published to date, with a focus on data from studies that are well-powered, and preferably prospective in nature.
The Effect of Measures Taken by Craigslist to Screen Online Ads for Commercial Sex

A 2017 U.S. Senate subcommittee report charging employees at backpage.com with editing the website’s online ads for prostitution has revived debate over the willingness and ability of such websites to screen ads for unlawful commercial sex activity. This study sheds light on the controversy by revisiting the dispute surrounding similar advertising on craigslist.com. Using an observational pre–post research design, I examined unique data collected from commercial sex ads on a North Carolina Craigslist site to assess the impact of enhanced ad screening measures that Craigslist implemented to address misuse of its ad hosting services. Results indicate that Craigslist’s switch to a manual review of ads led to significant decreases in illicit ad content, temporarily inhibiting online marketing of commercial sex by regional advertisers.
The importance of customization on the acceptance of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in Chinese company

ERP systems have been widely studied during the past decades, yet they often fail to deliver the intended benefits originally expected. One notable reason is the lack of understanding how the customization influence the ERP user acceptance when there is lack of system-to-business fit, which can lead to negative business outcomes. For some reasons, many have argued that a "vanilla" implementation, i.e. without customization, is the "best" way to implement ERP systems. However, through quantitative research based on web survey, this dissertation revealed that, in China, customization is a must in ERP acceptance and project success. Because of the various risks in ERP project, financial, technical, functional and political, vendors and consultants are keen on helping the project manager to meet the budget and time target rather than to reap more benefit for business performance. Thus, customization usually had been avoided, and insufficient customization are more common than over customization. We proposed 15 hypothesis and 11 were supported, and the general conclusion that, customization level has significant positive influence on behavioral intention, the higher customization done, the higher behavioral intention (BI) to use the system. It is an instruction for companies that, right level of customization (CL) should be achieved instead of avoiding customization. And only higher strategic important customization should be included in the project when there is limitation in budget and time. We also confirmed that ease of customization is an important factor in selecting the right ERP solution. As a moderator, different role have different perception on customization, normal users have stronger expectancy in customization, so it is critical to explain to the users, which customization is strategic, and which one is for consistency purpose and could jeopardize the real benefit of ERP system. If it is not appropriate to do the customization in the project implementation phase, a plan for future system customization should be prepared and it will ultimately improve the system long term success.
E-026 An analysis of the anterior circulation cerebrovascular geometry. Baseline measurements of vessel diameter, length and taper

Background Endovascular interventions typically require placement of a device in the cerebral vasculature. Knowledge of the cerebrovascular geometry can aid in designing conformable devices. The study's objective was to establish baseline measurements of the anterior circulation in the cerebral vasculature including diameter, length and vessel taper. Materials and Methods The sample size was determined for four cohorts based on gender and side; males-right, males-left, females-right and females-left. We reviewed similar measurements in the literature and conservatively chose a SD of 0.5 mm. Using a margin of error of 0.2 and a 95% CI yields a sample size of 25 patients for each sub-group for a total of 100 patients. The sample was calculated from a patient population that had undergone an intracranial CT angiogram. The age cut-off was set at 40 years based on our experience that most patients undergoing neurovascular interventions are above this age group. Patients with any vascular abnormality on the CTA were excluded. Thus 50 consecutive male and female patients were included. The vessel diameter was measured at the proximal cavernous ICA, the ICA terminus, the MCA origin and an M2 origin. The vessel length between these endpoints was calculated along the centerline. The vessel taper was calculated as the change in caliber per mm of length. Results The mean length of the ICA from the proximal cavernous segment to the ICA terminus was 33.1±6.1 mm. The mean diameter at the proximal cavernous ICA and the ICA terminus was 5±0.6 mm and 3.6±0.4 mm respectively. The mean ICA taper was 0.04±0.02/mm. For the MCA, the diameter at the M1 and M2 origins measured 3.1±0.4 mm and 2.4±0.4 mm respectively. The mean MCA length was 22.5±8.1 mm. There was no significant difference between male and female patients and between right and left sides. Patients who were older than 60-years had longer ICAs (p=0.02), larger ICA-cavernous (0.003), ICA-terminus (<0.0001) and MCA origin (p=0.01) diameter than those younger than 60-years. Conclusion We demonstrate the baseline dimensions of the anterior cerebrovascular circulation. Calculation of the vessel taper has not been done before and is important as an increasing number of endo-luminal devices are becoming available. Knowledge of the vessel taper can allow for development of more conformable devices thus enhancing their effectiveness. We are currently analyzing similar data for the posterior circulation and if accepted intend to present that along with the anterior circulation. Competing interests A Rai: Stryker Neurovascular. B Cline: None. J Hogg: None.
LIFE EXPECTANCIES OF HIV-POSITIVE ADULTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

The question of whether and to what extent HIV-positive adults are insurable remains contentious due to the absence of long-term estimates of mortality in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). Most published estimates of life expectancies of HIV-positive adults have been based on data from high-income countries, and these estimates may not be applicable to South Africa. This study aims to estimate life expectancies of patients receiving ART in South Africa, using data from a collaboration of eight South African ART programmes operating mainly in the public health sector. Patient records are linked to the South African national population register and inverse probability weighting is used to ensure that mortality estimates are representative of all patients starting ART, regardless of their level of adherence or retention in the ART programmes. Relative survival models are fitted to the data, allowing for differences in HIV-related mortality over three different treatment durations. The resulting life expectancies vary substantially by patients’ age, sex and CD4 count at time of ART initiation, with those in patients starting ART at higher CD4 counts coming close to the corresponding life expectancies in HIV-negative adults.
Exploiting non-linear probabilistic models in natural language parsing and reranking

The thesis considers non-linear probabilistic models for natural language parsing, and it primarily focuses on the class of models which do not impose strict constraints on the structure of statistical dependencies. The main contribution is the demonstration that such models are appropriate for natural language parsing tasks and provide advantages over the use of standard 'linear' methods. We demonstrate this, first, by showing that though exact inference is intractable for the studied class of models, there exist accurate and tractable approximations. Second, we show that using non-linear representations results in powerful feature induction methods simplifying construction of parsers for new problems and domains, and leading to the state-of-the-art performance. Also, we demonstrate that the latent space induced by the model can be exploited in discriminative rerankers, and that this results in the significant improvement both in the standard parsing settings and in domain adaptation.
Context-Dependent Information Elements in the Car: Explorative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Head-Up-Displays

Head-up-displays (HUDs) illustrate a particular static number of information elements in the driver’s primary field of view. Since the display can obscure the reality, a dynamic HUD presents context-dependent information elements. To become familiar with a user-optimal number of information elements and its essential information elements, we conducted a user study with n = 183 participants. We focused the context on an urban, a rural and a highway trip. Afterwards, a within-subject experiment using a high-fidelity driving simulator (n = 27) reveals the following: Dynamic HUDs significantly lower the average over speeding by 3.45 km/h compared to static HUDs. This speed above the speed limit equals 15.33% of the average speed in urban areas. Steering angle and speed can capture the context. Practitioners can use these findings to decrease the number of information elements in HUDs, thereby possibly increasing traffic safety.
GENERATING PARALLEL APPLICATIONS FROM MODELS BASED ON PETRI NETS

Parallel and distributed systems play an important role in the development of information technologies and their applications today. These systems are very useful but their development and usage is inherently more difficult. A solution can be a tool focused on systematic, well-arranged design, analysis and verifications these systems. This article briefly describes the tool Kaira intended for modelling, simulation and generation of parallel applications. A developer is able to model parallel programs and different aspects of communication using Kaira. Models are based on the variant of Coloured Petri Nets. The important feature of our tool automatic is generation of standalone parallel applications from models. The final application can be generated with different parallel back-ends, currently it can be threads or MPI.