Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FMRI activations of amygdala, cingulate cortex, and auditory cortex by infant laughing and crying

One of the functions of emotional vocalizations is the regulation of social relationships like those between adults and children. Listening to infant vocalizations is known to engage amygdala as well as anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. But, the functional relationships between these structures still need further clarification. Here, nonparental women and men listened to laughing and crying of preverbal infants and to vocalization‐derived control stimuli, while performing a pure tone detection task during low‐noise functional magnetic resonance imaging. Infant vocalizations elicited stronger activation in amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of women, whereas the alienated control stimuli elicited stronger activation in men. Independent of listeners' gender, auditory cortex (AC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were more strongly activated by the control stimuli than by infant laughing or crying. The gender‐dependent correlates of neural activity in amygdala and ACC may reflect neural predispositions in women for responses to preverbal infant vocalizations, whereas the gender‐independent similarity of activation patterns in PCC and AC may reflect more sensory‐based and cognitive levels of neural processing. In comparison to our previous work on adult laughing and crying, the infant vocalizations elicited manifold higher amygdala activation. Hum Brain Mapp 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Septic Shock Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacter gergoviae in a Neutropenic Patient with Leukemia

ABSTRACT We present the first reported infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacter gergoviae. The patient had leukemia and neutropenia and died of septic shock from KPC-producing E. gergoviae bacteremia. The emergence of KPCs in additional species of Enterobacteriaceae is alarming and may disproportionately affect patients with hematologic malignancies.
Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe

This handbook comprises an in-depth presentation of the state of the art in word-formation. The five volumes contain 207 articles written by leading international scholars. The 16 sections of the handbook provide the reader in general articles and individual studies with a wide variety of perspectives. The final section contains 74 portraits of word-formation in the individual languages of Europe and offers an innovative perspective.
New Species of Isospora from the Blue-Crowned Motmot (Momotus momota) from Costa Rica

Abstract Two (33.3%) of 6 blue-crowned motmots (Momotus momota) sampled from Costa Rica were positive for a new species of Isospora. Oocysts of Isospora momotana n. sp. have a double, thick, yellow to orange, 2.3 µm ± 0.5 µm (2–3 µm) wall, contain 1 to 3 globular polar granules (1–4 µm), are ovoid with heavy pitting on the outer surface, and measure 29.4 ± 2.3 × 27.5 ± 2.3 (25–33 × 23–31) with an average length∶width ratio of 1.1 (1.0–1.35). Sporocysts are ovoid, contain a residuum composed of large, equal-sized granules, and measure 19.4 ± 1.3 × 12.2 ± 1.1 (16–22 × 10–14) with an average length∶width ratio of 1.6 (1.2–1.91). A small rounded stieda body, continuous with the sporocyst wall, and a prominent triangular substieda body are present. A second Isospora species was observed in 1 bird, but because only a few oocysts were present, a full description is not provided. This is the first report of coccidia from a motmot (Momotidae) and only the third Ispospora species described from the Coraciiformes.
Comparing self-reported burnout of pharmacy students on the founding campus with those at distance campuses.

OBJECTIVES To compare burnout among students: (1) assigned to the founding campus and those assigned to distance campuses and (2) in different academic years of the curriculum. The third objective was to determine the relative ability of each factor to predict burnout among pharmacy students. METHODS Students in Gainesville (founding campus) and the Jacksonville, Orlando, and St. Petersburg distance campuses were surveyed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Internet-based survey methods were used to evaluate the emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization domains. Students responded using a Likert-type scale (1 = do not feel this way to 7 = feel this extremely strongly). RESULTS Among 18 items, 8 significant differences were revealed. Within the emotional exhaustion domain, Gainesville students responded that they were more likely to "feel fatigued in the morning" (p < 0.001), "burned out" (p = 0.001), "used up" (p = 0.02), "frustrated" (p = 0.02), and "emotionally drained" (p < 0.02) compared to the distance students. Gainesville students had the highest average score on the item "I feel as though I treat my student colleagues impersonally" (p = 0.02). Academic year was the best predictor of burnout. Campus assignment was significant for emotional exhaustion, with the highest levels occurring on the founding campus. CONCLUSIONS With few exceptions, students at the founding campus in Gainesville reported more emotional burnout than students attending classes at the distance campuses.
Exercise reverses depressed metabolic rate produced by severe caloric restriction.

The effects of caloric restriction and exercise on resting metabolic rate (RMR) were studied in five obese humans. Subjects consumed a 500 kcal.d-1 diet for 4 wk, with the subjects remaining sedentary during the first 2 wk and then exercising 30 min daily at 60% VO2max during the last 2 wk of caloric restriction. After 2 wk of dieting, RMR decreased to approximately 87% of the pre-dieting control value. Over the last 2 wk of dieting with the addition of daily exercise, the fall in RMR was reversed as it returned to the pre-dieting level. In summary, daily exercise reversed the drop in RMR associated with severe caloric restriction.
Selección de hábitat reproductor por Rana perezi Seoane, 1885 en el N.O. de la Región de Murcia (S.E. Península Ibérica)

Se estudio la influencia de las variables ambientales sobre la seleccion de un determinado punto de agua como habitat reproductor por Rana perezi en la Region de Murcia. Un total de 50 puntos de agua fueron muestreados durante el periodo noviembre 2002- noviembre 2003. Los datos de las variables ambientales registrados se analizaron mediante analisis regresion logistica para las esclas de macro, meso y microhabitat de forma independiente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran dependencia entre la reproduccion de Rana perezi y las variables ambientales consideradas respecto a la tipologia del punto de agua y microhabitat, siendo seleccionados negativamente bebederos, balsas agricolas y puntos de agua con escaso recubrimiento de vegetacion de ribera, respectivamente. No se ha obtenido un modelo de regresion logistica multiple significativo para la otra escala espacial considerada.
Optimizing functional exercise capacity in the elderly surgical population

Purpose of reviewThere are several studies on the effect of exercise post surgery (rehabilitation), but few studies have looked at augmenting functional capacity prior to surgical admission (prehabilitation). A programme of prehabilitation is proposed in order to enhance functional exercise capacity in elderly patients with the intent to minimize the postoperative morbidity and accelerate postsurgical recovery. Recent findingsFew studies have looked at exercise prehabilitation to improve functional capacity prior to surgical admission. Prehabilitation prior to orthopaedic surgery does not seem to improve quality of life or recovery. However, prehabilitation prior to abdominal or cardiac surgery, based on 275 elderly patients, results in fewer postoperative complications, shorter postoperative length of stay, improved quality of life, and reduced declines in functional disability compared to sedentary controls. SummaryA concentrated 3-month progressive exercise prehabilitation programme consisting of aerobic training at 45-65% of maximal heart rate reserve (%HRR) along with periodic high-intensity interval training (∼90% HRR) four times per week, 30-50 minutes per session, is recommended for improving cardiovascular functioning. A strength training programme of about 10 different exercises focused on large, multi-jointed muscle groups should also be implemented twice per week at a mean training intensity of 80% of one-repetition maximum. Finally, a minimum of 140 g (∼560 kcal) of carbohydrate (CHO) should be taken 3 h before training to increase liver and muscle glycogen stores and a minimum of about 200 kcal of mixed protein-CHO should be ingested within 30 min following training to enhance muscle hypertrophy.
Role of interface in highly filled epoxy/BaTiO3 nanocomposites. Part II- effect of nanoparticle surface chemistry on processing, thermal expansion, energy storage and breakdown strength of the nanocomposites

Highly filled dielectric polymer nanocomposites with high dielectric constant nanoparticles (e.g., BaTiO3) have promising application in many fields such as energy storage. The effectiveness of these nanoparticles to increase the dielectric constant and energy density of the resulting nanocomposites has already been demonstrated. However, the role of interface between the nanoparticles and polymer matrix on thermal expansion, energy storage and breakdown strength-the three parameters that are important for practical application of the dielectric polymer nanocomposites, has not been systematically documented. In this contribution, we investigated the effect of six kinds of nanoparticle surface chemistry on the processing, coefficient of thermal expansion, energy storage and breakdown strength of highly filled epoxy/BaTiO3 nanocomposites. It was found that all these aspects, in particular the processability of the nanocomposites, are associated with the nanoparticle surface chemistry. Combining the processability, coefficient of thermal expansion, energy storage and breakdown strength of the nanocomposites, we conclude that the nanoparticles functionalized by silane coupling agents with terminal groups capable of reacting with the epoxy matrix are more suitable for preparing highly filled dielectric polymer nanocomposites.
Haplotype analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in VEGF gene for vascular dementia

A case‐control study was performed to identify single nucleotide variants of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene associated with vascular dementia. Seven SNPs in promoter, 5′‐UTR, 3′‐UTR, and introns of VEGF gene were identified in 24 Koreans. Three of them, −1154G/A, −7C/T, and 13553C/T, were selected based on allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium (LD), and genotyped in 207 vascular dementia patients and 207 control subjects. Significant association with vascular dementia was not shown (P > 0.05) in the alleles and genotypes of single locus. Subsequent analysis of composing VEGF risk haplotypes associated with vascular dementia was performed with maximum likelihood estimates of their possible haplotypes employing the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm. Of three‐locus haplotypes, only GTC was significantly associated with vascular dementia, conferring a risk of 1.87 (P < 0.05). Of two‐locus haplotypes, the risk was observed with the nested forms of the risk haplotype GTC, that is, GT at the loci −1154G/A and −7C/T and TC at the loci −7C/T and 13553C/T (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested some interaction among −1154G/A, −7C/T, and 13553C/T variants in the determination of risk for vascular dementia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinico-pathological Study of K-ras Mutations in Colorectal Tumors in Saudi Arabia

Aims and Background K-ras gene mutations contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. We characterized K-ras mutations in colorectal tumors in patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in terms of geographic area, age, gender, histology, stage, and anatomical localization. Methods Medical records and paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 150 consecutive patients with histologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma referred to two centers in Saudi Arabia were analyzed using an LCD-array kit. Results K-ras mutations occurred in 56% of the patients; 48.7% of the mutations were in codon 12, most commonly p.G12V and p.G12D (each 35.6% of codon 12 mutations). Codon 13 mutations occurred in 7.3% of tumors: of these, most were p.G13D (90.9%) with the remainder p.G13R (9.1%). Codon 12 mutations overall were associated significantly with stage IVb tumors (P = 0.022) and rectal tumors (P = 0.028), with a trend of an association with a sigmoid location (P = 0.054). The p.G12V mutation was significantly associated with sigmoid tumors (P = 0.021) and negatively associated with left-sided tumors (P = 0.011), with a trend of an association with age ≥70 years (P = 0.062) and rectal tumors (P = 0.063). Other clinicopathological features were not significantly associated with K-ras mutations. Conclusions K-ras mutations are common among the Saudi colorectal cancer population, especially pG12V and pG12D in codon 12, and are more frequent in sigmoid and rectal adenocarcinomas and stage IVB tumors.
Itraconazole in the treatment of acute and recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: comparison of a 1‐day and a 3‐day regimen

Itraconazole is a systemic triazole with a broad‐spectrum antifungal effect which belongs to a standard choice for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis. Thirty‐four patients with acute and 26 patients with recurrent form of culture documented attacks of vulvovaginal candidosis were evaluated. There was frequent discrepancy between severe symptoms and weaker signs in patients with recurrent form than in the group with acute sporadic form. Eighteen patients with the acute form and 13 patients with the recurrent form of vulvovaginal candidosis received 1‐day therapy (twice 200 mg of itraconazole in 1 day). Sixteen patients with the acute form and 13 patients with the recurrent form received 3‐day therapy (200 mg of itraconazole daily for three following days). The cure rates 1 month after treatment were 97.1 and 76.9% in patients with the acute sporadic and recurrent form of vulvovaginal candidosis, respectively. Positive cultures in the latter group documented relapses. These clinical failures were not related to the resistance of yeasts to itraconazole. With the exception of one case of alopecia areata, side effects were minimal. The application of the long‐term regimens and suppressive therapy with azole drugs is suggested in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis.
Triamcinolone and prednisolone affect contractile properties and histopathology of rat diaphragm differently.

Diaphragm atrophy and weakness occur after administration of massive doses of corticosteroids for short periods. In the present study the effects of prolonged administration of moderate doses of fluorinated and nonfluorinated steroids were investigated on contractile properties and histopathology of rat diaphragm. 60 rats received saline, 1.0 mg/kg triamcinolone, or 1.25 or 5 mg/kg i.m. prednisolone daily for 4 wk. Respiratory and peripheral muscle mass increased similarly in control and both prednisolone groups, whereas triamcinolone caused severe muscle wasting. Maximal tetanic tension averaged 2.23 +/- 0.54 kg/cm2 (SD) in the control group. An increased number of diaphragmatic bundles in the 5-mg/kg prednisolone group generated maximal tetanic tensions < 2.0 kg/cm2 (P < 0.05). In addition, fatigability during the force-frequency protocol was most pronounced in this group (P < 0.05). In contrast, triamcinolone caused a prolonged half-relaxation time and a leftward shift of the force-frequency curve (P < 0.05). Histological examination of the diaphragm showed a normal pattern in the control and 1.25-mg/kg prednisolone group. Myogenic changes, however, were found in the 5-mg/kg prednisolone group and, more pronounced, in the triamcinolone group. Selective type IIb fiber atrophy was found in the latter group, but not in the prednisolone groups. In conclusion, triamcinolone induced type IIb fiber atrophy, resulting in reduced respiratory muscle strength and a leftward shift of the force-frequency curve. In contrast, 5 mg/kg prednisolone caused alterations in diaphragmatic contractile properties and histological changes without fiber atrophy.
Ireland, from boom to bust: to what extent has the downfall in the Irish economy impacted on Polish migrants living and working in Ireland?

The need for workers during Ireland’s so-called ‘Celtic Tiger’ era attracted migrants from many countries. In 2004 Ireland opened its borders to the New Member States (NMS) favouring migrant workers from the accession countries. This resulted in migrants from the NMS entering the country seeking employment, the largest group being from Poland. When the Irish economy started to decline in the late 2000s both nationals and migrants started to leave the country. However, many Polish migrants have continued to remain in the country. This thesis explores the reasons why Polish migrants came to Ireland and why they continue to remain in the country despite its economic decline post 2010 when austerity became a reality This thesis argues that most of those Polish migrants who took part in this study are well educated. Most claim that they have not been discriminated against in terms of their social needs, conditions of employment, salary, or promotion in their place of work. Although they originally migrated to Ireland for economic reasons the recent measurers of austerity introduced since 2010 has not had any major impact on their standard of living. This thesis argues that despite high unemployment and measurers of austerity introduced by the Irish government since 2010, most Polish migrants wish to remain in Ireland because of their quality of life, better job opportunities and personal commitments. It concludes that leaving Ireland is not that simple, their domestic circumstances have now changed, and some have got married, have families and enjoy a better quality of life in Ireland than in Poland. Their decision whether to remain or leave Ireland no longer rests solely with them. They now have to consider their domestic situation, their family’s opinions, and their future. Most are of the opinion that even if they became unemployed while in Ireland they could survive financially and returning to Poland is an option that they do not wish to contemplate.
Lower urinary tract symptoms in women—A common but neglected problem

PurposeThe purpose of this review is to provide nurse practitioners (NPs) an understanding of female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Data sourcesScientific literature including articles on epidemiology, assessment, impact on quality of life (QoL), treatment barriers, and management. ConclusionsFemale LUTS are common and adversely affect QoL. Nevertheless, the social stigma prevents many women from seeking treatment, and healthcare providers often lack adequate time to inquire about bladder health. Although LUTS are not life threatening, the impact is tremendous, and there is an urgent need for healthcare providers to improve management of chronic conditions. Implications for practiceNPs should play a role in driving this response by increasing awareness of LUTS, taking the lead in examining barriers to treatment, and providing long-term support to patients.
Posttraumatic stress, family functioning, and social support in survivors of childhood leukemia and their mothers and fathers.

Psychological sequelae are examined in 130 former childhood leukemia patients and 155 comparison participants and their parents. The major dependent variables are symptoms of anxiety and posttraumatic stress, family functioning, and social support. Multivariate analyses of covariance indicated significantly more posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers and fathers of childhood leukemia survivors (p < .001) and no differences between survivors and peers. There were no significant group differences for family functioning or social support, although they were associated with anxiety and posttraumatic stress outcomes. Current child age, age at diagnosis, and months off treatment were not significantly correlated with outcome. These findings document the long-term impact of childhood cancer treatment on parents. The lack of significant differences for survivors argues for further attention to the relevance of posttraumatic stress disorder for childhood cancer survivors. The clinical implications are that psychological interventions are needed during and after cancer treatment.
Safety of Street-Vended Soy Wara in Nigeria.

Soy wara is a common ready-to-eat food whose production and sale are currently unregulated. Microbiological sampling indicated that 21% of the samples had standard plate counts exceeding 100,000 CFU/g, and 14% had Staphylococcus aureus counts higher than 100,000 CFU/g. The occurrence of S. aureus at these levels can result in food poisoning. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated in 14.4% of the samples, although the counts were generally low, typically <1,000 CFU/g. Although counts of L. monocytogenes were low, immunocompromised individuals and children may particularly be at risk of listeriosis. All samples showed low counts of Bacillus cereus (< 10,000 CFU/g). Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica were detected in 5.6 and 2.2% of all samples, respectively, indicating fecal contamination and possible links to gastroenteritis and enteric fever. Fungal counts were variable, ranging from 6.0 × 10(3) to 2.0 × 10(4) CFU/g, with Alternaria spp. , Fusarium spp. , and Rhizopus spp. being the predominant species. Aluminum content was as high as 0.776 mg of Al per g in soy wara processed with alum. Significantly higher aluminum contents were observed in alum-processed soy wara compared with those processed with lime or ogi (an acid-fermented gruel of either maize [Zea mays], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor], or millet [Pennisetum glaucum]) (P < 0.05). These results indicate the need to improve personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in the production and preparation of soy wara, and further studies are warranted for the implication of the accumulation of aluminum.
Effects of Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, and Cimetidine on Gastric Secretions in Morbidly Obese Patients

Gastric volume and pH were studied immediately after induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation in 40 morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass procedures. Of 14 patients receiving intramuscular atropine (0.6 mg) preoperatively, 67% had gastric pH values < 2.5; 33% of these patients had both a gastric pH <2.5 and a volume >20 ml. When the drug administered was intramuscular glycopyrrolate (0.3 mg), 62% of the patients had gastric pH values <2.5; 30% had both gastric pH values < 2.5 and volumes >20 ml. Differences between the two drugs were not significant. Thirteen patients received cimetidine orally at midnight preoperatively and again 2 to 4 hours before the induction of anesthesia. Patients in this group had gastric pH values that were significantly higher than those observed in patients given anticholinergic drugs. Only 15% had gastric pH values <2.5. Gastric volumes observed in patients receiving cimetidine were not significantly different from those receiving anticholinergic drugs. Whereas only 7.9% of patients receiving cimetidine had both low pH values and gastric volumes >20 ml, this was not statistically different from the observations made in patients receiving atropine or glycopyrrolate. Despite this, it is concluded that cimetidine administered before the induction of anesthesia in morbidly obese patients may reduce the high risk of aspiration pneumonitis in such patients.