Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Insecticides for Curative, Preventive, and Rotational Use on Scirtothrips dorsalis South Asia 1 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract The chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a cryptic species complex of at least 9 distinct species, 2 (South Asia 1 and East Asia 1) of which exist in the USA. To integrate chemical insecticides and mycoinsecticides into the preventive and curative tactics used for S. dorsalis, we evaluated 10 older and newer chemical insecticides and 3 mycoinsecticides against S. dorsalis South Asia 1, a dominant member of the species complex in the USA. An insecticide was considered effective when it induced greater than 70% mortality of larvae or adults. The older insecticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam [foliar application], and imidacloprid [drench application]) were found to be efficacious in reducing S. dorsalis populations in both curative and preventive situations (≥7 d after treatment). Among insecticides with newer chemistries, foliar application of spinetoram, cyantraniliprole, tolfenpyrad, and formulations of chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam were effective for both preventive and curative control (≥10 d after treatment). Among mycoinsecticides, Isaria fumosorosea Wize (Cordycipitaceae) was effective in suppressing thrips curatively (≥10 d after treatment). In the insecticide rotation field trial, effectiveness of a Chenopodium (Amaranthaceae) extract and 3 mycoinsecticides alternated with spinetoram was comparable to spinetoram treatment alone. Because S. dorsalis South Asia 1 is a serious pest of several economically important crops in many counties of Florida and Texas, and an emerging pest in California, this study is important in providing information to vegetable and ornamental plant growers regarding effective insecticides with different modes of action that can be rotated to suppress S. dorsalis, and delay the evolution of insecticide resistance. The results also suggest retention of effective products for an extended period in the marketplace.
Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations

From the Publisher: Active noise control (ANC) is rapidly becoming the most effective way to reduce noises that can otherwise be very difficult and expensive to control. ANC is achieved by introducing a canceling "anti-noise" wave through an appropriate array of secondary sources. When applied accurately, ANC can provide effective solutions to noise-related problems in a broad range of areas, including manufacturing and industrial operations as well as consumer products. Consequently, ANC research and development has become an important focus of both industrial applications and engineering research. Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations introduces the basic concepts of ANC with an emphasis on digital signal processing (DSP) hardware and adaptive signal processing algorithms, both of which have come into prominence within the last decade. The authors emphasize the practical aspects of ANC systems by combining the principles of adaptive signal processing with both experimental results and practical implementation. Applications are cited in many fields and encompass all types of noise media, including air-acoustic, hydroacoustic, vibrations, and others. The specific implementation stressed is based on the TMS320 family of signal processors from Texas Instruments, which are the most widely used worldwide. Coverage of theory includes concise derivations and analyses of commonly used adaptive structures and algorithms for active noise control applications, which are enhanced by the inclusion of a floppy disk featuring C and assembly programs for implementing many ANC systems. Mathematical representations are employed and the source code included on the disk is in a form that is easily accessible to anyone using the book. For practicing engineers, researchers, and advanced students in signal processing, Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations will serve as a comprehensive, state-of-the-art text/reference on this important and rapidly de
Responses of Irrigated Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars to Boron Application in a Low Boron Calcareous Soil

Cereals are sensitive to micronutrient problems. Central Anatolian soils show great variation with respect to both deficiency and toxicity of boron (B). Hence, screening of major wheat cultivars grown in the region with respect to their sensitivity to B is of great importance for the area. Six durum (Triticum durum L. cvs. Kiziltan-91, C-1252, Selcuklu-97, Kunduru-1149, Yilmaz-98 and Cakmak-79) and 6 bread (Triticum aestivum L. cvs., Gun-91, Kinaci-97, Goksu-99, Turkmen, Bezostaja-1 and Sultan-95) wheat cultivars were studied in field experiments for their responses to B application when grown in soils low in extractable B (0.19 mg B kg -1 ) during the 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 growing seasons. Agronomic characteristics such as grain yield, sterility, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per m 2 , thousand kernel weight and flag leaf B concentration were investigated as affected by the application of 3 kg B ha -1 as a spray of boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) to soil. Agronomic characteristics of bread and durum wheat cultivars varied remarkably with the application of B, its deficiency in the soil, and seasonal conditions. B application increased the grain yield by 9.6% on average in durum wheat and by 10.9% in bread wheat. Kiziltan-91 and Yilmaz-98 among durum wheat cultivars, and Gun-91 and Bezostaja-1 among bread wheat cultivars were the most sensitive to B deficiency having the highest grain yields when treated with B. On the other hand, C-1252 and Cakmak-79 (durum wheat), Kinaci-97 and Sultan-95 (bread wheat) showed tolerance to B deficiency since their high yield capacities were not affected by B deficiency. This study revealed that B deficiency can depress the yield in cereals to a great extent. Soil B analyses before the cultivation of cereals are, therefore, required to prevent yield losses. In addition, cultivars showing tolerance to B deficiency can be used in breeding programs aiming at the development of B-efficient cultivars.
Induction of Plasmodium falciparum strain 2300 dormant forms by artemisinin

BACKGROUND The presence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance and decreased efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives has resulted in the issue of malaria becoming increasingly complex, because there have been no new drugs as artemisinin replacements. The aims of this research were to evaluate in vitro changes in ultrastructural morphology of P. falciparum 2300 strain after exposure to artemisinin. METHODS The research used an experimental design with post test only control group. Cultures of P. falciparum 2300 strain in one control and one mutant group were treated by exposure to artemisinin at IC50 10-7 M for 48 hours. Ultrastructural phenotypic examination of ring, trophozoite and schizont morphology and developmental stage in the control and mutant group were done at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours by making thin blood smears stained with 20% Giemsa for 20 minutes and examined using a microscope light at 1000x magnification. RESULTS Dormant forms occurred after 48 hours of incubation with IC50 10-7 M artemisinin in the control group. In the mutant group, dormant forms, trophozoites with blue cytoplasm and normal schizont developmental stages were seen. Ultrastructural phenotypic morphology at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours showed that in the control group dormant formation already occurred with exposure to IC50 10-7 M, while in the mutant group dormant formation occurred only with exposure to IC50 2.5x10-5 M. CONCLUSION Exposure to artemisinin antimalarials in vitro can cause phenotypic morphological changes of dormancy in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain.
Flexural properties of wheat straw reinforced polyester composites

A study on the flexural properties of wheat straw reinforced polyester composites is presented in this paper. The wheat straw/polyester composites were made as per the hand layup procedure and the instructions provided by the manufacturers. These specimens were then tested in the three point bend configuration in accordance with ASTM D790-07 at a span to depth ratio of 16. Four weight fractions of wheat straw 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% were chosen to be studied. The process-induced voids were studied and it is shown that voids play an important role in flexural properties. When voids exist, flexural modulus was calculated using a micromechanical model. It is shown from both the experimental results and calculation that flexural modulus decreases with the addition of wheat straw, and this reduction in flexural modulus is due to process-induced voids. Flexural strength of polyester resins does not increase with the addition of wheat straw as rein- forcement. This is due to poor interfacial adhesion and the existence of voids. In order to achieve reinforcement, treatment of straw fibers and better processing techniques to reduce voids are needed.
LoCuSS: A DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF X-RAY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN LOCAL CLUSTERS

We present a study of the distribution of X-ray active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in a representative sample of 26 massive clusters at 0.15 < z < 0.30, combining Chandra observations sensitive to X-ray point sources of luminosity LX ∼ 1042 erg s−1 at the cluster redshift with extensive and highly complete spectroscopy of cluster members down to ∼M*K + 2. In total we identify 48 X-ray AGNs among the cluster members, with luminosities 2 × 1041–1 × 1044 erg s−1. Based on these identifications, we estimate that 0.73% ± 0.14% of cluster galaxies brighter than MK = −23.1 (M*K + 1.5) host an X-ray AGN with LX > 1042 erg s−1. In the stacked caustic diagram that shows (vlos − 〈v〉)/σv versus rproj/r500, the X-ray AGN appear to preferentially lie along the caustics, suggestive of an infalling population. They also appear to avoid the region with lowest cluster-centric radii and relative velocities (rproj < 0.4r500; |v − 〈v〉|/σv < 0.8), which is dominated by the virialized population of galaxies accreted earliest into the clusters. The line-of-sight velocity histogram of the X-ray AGN shows a relatively flat distribution, and is inconsistent with the Gaussian distribution expected for a virialized population at 98.9% confidence. Moreover, the velocity dispersion of the 48 X-ray AGNs is 1.51 times that of the overall cluster population, which is consistent with the ratio expected by simple energetic arguments when comparing infalling versus virialized populations. This kinematic segregation is significant at the 4. 66σ level. When splitting the X-ray AGN sample into two according to X-ray or infrared (IR) luminosity, both X-ray bright (LX > 1042) and IR-bright (LTIR > 2 × 1010 L☉) subsamples show higher velocity dispersions than their X-ray dim and IR-dim counterparts at >2σ significance. This is consistent with the nuclear activity responsible for the X-ray and IR emission being slowly shut down as the host galaxies are accreted into the cluster. Overall, our results provide the strongest observational evidence to date that X-ray AGNs found in massive clusters are an infalling population, and that the cluster environment very effectively suppresses radiatively efficient nuclear activity in its member galaxies. These results are consistent with the view that for galaxies to host an X-ray AGN they should be the central galaxy within their dark matter halo and have a ready supply of cold gas.
Investigating Grammatical Errors in Translation

One of the language aspects required in translating English text is grammar. In addition to word-choice for example, whether or not a product of translation is good can be identified by its grammatical structure of sentences. Wrong or incomplete grammar in writing may sometimes cause readers to get confused in understanding the message. This study aims at investigating grammatical errors made by the students of English Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sriwijaya University in translating first language into the target language, English. The major types of errors made by the students were related to incomplete clauses having no either subjects, verbs, or neither both, subject verb agreement and the absence of subordinators and plural nouns. Out of the six types of identified grammatical errors, incomplete plural nouns ranked number one followed by the absence of verb, and subject-verb agreement. The highest number of students making mistakes on using plural nouns was 22 (73%), and the lowest one on the absence of subject and verb was 5 (17%). Meanwhile, the highest average number of mistakes was 2.3 on subject-verb agreement type, and the lowest one was 1 on the absence of subject and verb. From the error analysis, it could be generalized that the students were probably influenced by their native language system which does not exist in English. Therefore, differences of the language system especially in grammar should be introduced to the students during translation studies.
Effect of Vertical Oscillatory Pressure on Pain Intensity and Respiratory Variables in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis

Vertical Oscillatory Pressure (VOP) is the simplest and effective manual therapy technique employed by physical therapists for the treatment of cervical spondylosis (CS). However, its effect on the respiratory system has not been established. Therefore this study is assessing the effect of VOP on pain intensity and respiratory variables of patients with cervical spondylosis. The study determined and compared the pain intensity, respiratory rate and vital capacity during and after the application of vertical oscillatory pressure (VOP) in patients with cervical spondylosis. Sixty participants (30 patients, 30 controls) aged between 27-77 years (mean 48.50±13.41, 48.03±13.74) and comprising 26 males and 34 females, after giving informed consent, were recruited for the study. The respiratory rate, vital capacity and pain intensity were measured before, during and one minute after application of VOP. The results showed there were no significant differences in the respiratory rates for the subjects (F=0.13, p>0.05), while vital capacity significantly increased only in the subject groups after VOP, (F=3.20, p<0.05). Furthermore, VOP significantly reduced pain intensity of the subjects with cervical spondylosis (F=30.59, p<0.05). It was concluded that there was a strong association between the hypoalgesic effect of VOP and the sympatho-excitatory response which cuts across the respiratory functions of patients with cervical spondylosis involving respiratory rate and vital capacity.
Efficient route to high-quality graphene materials: Kinetically controlled electron beam induced reduction of graphene oxide in aqueous dispersion

This work is presenting a highly efficient, cost-efficient and environmentally friendly method for the production of graphene materials (reduced graphene oxide, RedGO) via electron beam (EB) irradiation of aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO). Our strategy here is based on a reduction of GO via EB irradiation under optimally controlled conditions, i.e. dose and dose rate, reducing species, and taking the environmental impact of educt and product into account. The preparation of highly conductive RedGO under these conditions takes only 10-20 minutes at ambient temperature. After our first approach [1], a somewhat similar study was reported by Jung et al. [2] for GO dispersions in H2O/EtOH (50:50). However, the latter route [2], although being similar in spirit, has serious drawbacks for large-scale production because of the formation of acetaldehyde, a very toxic compound, derived from the ethanol in the solvent. The advantages of the present approach compared to [2] are: (i) the use of water as a solvent with only a small content (0.03 - 2 wt.-%) of 2-PrOH allows the scaling-up, since neither 2-PrOH nor its final product acetone are of high technological or environmental concerns; (ii) a much lower dose is required for GO reduction (about 20 vs. 200 kGy, corresponding to only 1/10 of energy consumed); (iii) the conductivity of RedGO is over 60 times higher. Based on the XPS and conductivity measurements, it was established that the EB treatment is leading also to a more efficient reduction of GO compared to the hydrazine method. The highest conductivity in our systems is identical to the best known value of 3 x 104 S/m for RedGO obtained via HI / acetic acid treatment which takes, however, 40 h at 40 oC.
Foreign Direct Investment for Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria: Factor Analytic Approach

Nigeria has put in place an elaborate foreign direct investment policy in order to attract foreign investors. As the largest economy in Africa, Nigeria has become a final destination for foreign investors. Currently, Nigeria is the single largest recipient of FDI in Africa. Nigeria seeks to diversify its revenue base with the active participation of MNCs and so reduce overdependence on oil. The recent crash in the international oil price has caused deep abrasion in the Nigerian economy thereby casting aspersion on the effectiveness of FDI to stimulate growth. This study focused on identifying key factors which influenced the contribution of FDI to economic growth in Nigeria. The study revealed that two potent factors namely public sector investment and marginal efficiency of capital influenced the contribution of FDI to growth in Nigeria while public sector investment was found to boost foreign capital, declining marginal efficiency of capital eroded the private capital of domestic firms which had low absorptive capacity to harness the sophisticated technology of MNCs. It was recommended, inter alia, that only a dynamic FDI policy that takes into cognizance the importance of public sector investment and marginal efficiency of capital can harness FDI to contribute maximally to growth.
Risk Premium Perspective-Audit Value of the Private Colleges and Universities in Taiwan

This study features itself by collecting first-hand audit fee data from audited financial statements of private colleges and universities directly for the 2001-2003 academic years and partial for 1998-2000 academic years. From risk premium standpoint, the audit service value can be inferred that the greater intention the auditee are likely to commit fraud, the higher the audit service would be valued while the audit work can effectively prevent fraud occurrence. We defined fraudulent organization as the school has ever experienced defect. The results are consistent with our expectation, suggesting that there is a positive association between fraudulent organizations and audit fees after controlling variables Big 4, industry specialist, size and complexity of schools and audit risk. These findings show that audit service value is driven by how effective the audit work is conducted. It means, the more the fraudulent schools are detected, the greater the audited information as well as audit serviced are priced.
Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Education: A Study of Audiology, Speech-Language Therapy, and Physical Therapy Students’ Research Self-Efficacy Beliefs

Advances in medical science and technology, the change in prevalence from acute illnesses to chronic conditions, and shift in focus from inpatient to ambulatory care have advanced the job functions of Rehabilitation Sciences professionals. The job functions of Rehabilitation Sciences professionals in the past was primarily that of a clinician with treatment skills, however, present day clinicians require expertise in evaluation, research, administration, and education [1]. Correspondingly the entry level educational requirements of Rehabilitation Sciences professionals have expanded from undergraduate to doctoral degrees. Rehabilitation Sciences professionals need to be trained to be effective evidencebased practitioners, the current gold standard of clinical practice [2]. Clinical outcomes are highly dependent on clinicians’ comprehension, assimilation and production of new research information of clinical knowledge and skills. Understanding, conducting, Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to add to the existing knowledge base on the research self-efficacy beliefs and research productivity of doctoral students in Rehabilitation Sciences, and its influence on research productivity. Identifying and understanding the research beliefs of Rehabilitation Sciences doctoral students will provide a better understanding of the factors that facilitate research consumption and productivity with implications for improving and enhancing Rehabilitation Sciences doctoral education.
The songs of Aristophanes

A comedy of Aristophanes was in large measure a musical performance, and his lyric verse covers a wide range of styles - from popular song to parody of tragedy. The music is lost, and our only way of recovering something of the experience of an Athenian audience is by studying the rhythms of the poetry. This book provides a full text, with scansions, of the lyric of the surviving plays, and an introduction to the different rhythms used by Aristophanes, their origins, and literary associations. Dr Parker pays particular attention to showing the role played by lyric metre in the structure of the plays and to distinguishing the different levels of musical style, thus illustrating the integral part metre plays in Aristophanes' dramatic art and satire. She also discusses fully the metrical aspects of textual problems in Aristophanes' lyric, and a section of the introduction traces the evolution of the study of Aristophanes' metres and the influence this has on the text.
Predicting the Pullout Capacity of Small Ground Anchors Using Nonlinear Integrated Computing Techniques

This study investigates predicting the pullout capacity of small ground anchors using nonlinear computing techniques. The input-output prediction model for the nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener (NHW) and delay inputs for the adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (DANFIS) are developed and utilized to predict the pullout capacity. The results of the developed models are compared with previous studies that used artificial neural networks and least square support vector machine techniques for the same case study. The in situ data collection and statistical performances are used to evaluate the models performance. Results show that the developed models enhance the precision of predicting the pullout capacity when compared with previous studies. Also, the DANFIS model performance is proven to be better than other models used to detect the pullout capacity of ground anchors.
Clinical and surgical findings in cows showing recurrent rumen tympany

Eighteen adult cows suffering from recurrent tympany for at least one month which underwent exploratory laparotomy and rumenotomy were divided into three groups. Group I (n=8) included cows with reticuloruminal metallic foreign bodies and perireticular adhesions and/or inflammation, group II (n=6) included cows with reticuloruminal non-metallic foreign bodies and no perireticular adhesions and group III (n=4) included cows with no reticuloruminal foreign bodies and no perireticular adhesions. Inappetance and recurrent ruminal tympany were the most common clinical signs in all groups. The signs of pain were predominantly expressed by all the animals and showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. The plasma fibrinogen and enzyme AST were increased in all the animals of group I. The postoperative complications were recorded in all the cases, which recovered uneventfully after necessary therapeutic intervention.