Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculation of total column ozone from global UV spectra at high latitudes

[1] A new algorithm to retrieve total column ozone from global spectral UV irradiance measurements is presented, and its accuracy is assessed. The expanded uncertainty (coverage factor 2) of the resulting ozone values varies between 2% and 3.5% for solar zenith angles (SZA) smaller than 75° and clear skies. For larger SZA the uncertainty becomes dominated by the sensitivity of the method to the atmospheric ozone distribution. Using this algorithm, ozone values were calculated from UV spectra measured by the National Science Foundation's SUV-100 spectroradiometer at Barrow, Alaska, between 1996 and 2001. Special attention was given to March–April 2001, the period when the campaign “Total Ozone Measurements by Satellites, Sondes, and Spectrometers at Fairbanks” (TOMS3F) took place. The data set was compared with observations by NASA's Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and a Dobson spectrophotometer operated by NOAA's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) at Barrow. On average, the new algorithm generates ozone values in spring 2.2% lower than TOMS observations and 1.8% higher than Dobson measurements. From the uncertainty budget and the comparison with TOMS and Dobson it can be concluded that ozone values retrieved from global UV spectra have a similar accuracy as observations with standard instrumentation used for ozone monitoring. The new data set can therefore be used for validation of other ozone data.
Pruning of Winograd and FFT Based Convolution Algorithm

Winogradand FFT-based convolution are two efficient convolution algorithms targeting high-performance inference. Their efficiency comes from the reduction of the number of multiplication operations due to linear and Fourier transforms. However, the two existing approaches cannot handle efficient compression of the neural network, which might contribute significant improvement in computation and memory footprint. We propose to investigate the potential of pruning Winogradand FFT-accelerated CONV layer computation. We used the heuristics of pruning the model in the based on the absolute value of the elements in the transformed domain. Our results shows that using Winograd-based convolution on LeNet-5, the number of parameters of the first and second layer can be both pruned to 10% of its original number, and using FFT-based convolution, can be both pruned to 25%, with only 0.18% loss of accuracy.
Morbidity and mortality of C2 fractures in the elderly: surgery and conservative treatment.

BACKGROUND Closed C2 fractures commonly occur after falls or other trauma in the elderly and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Controversy exists as to best treatment practices for these patients. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes for elderly patients with closed C2 fractures by treatment modality. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 28 surgically and 28 nonsurgically treated cases of closed C2 fractures without spinal cord injury in patients aged 65 years of age or older treated at Stanford Hospital between January 2000 and July 2010. Comorbidities, fracture characteristics, and treatment details were recorded; primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and complication rates; secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay and long-term survival. RESULTS Surgically treated patients tended to have more severe fractures with larger displacement. Charlson comorbidity scores were similar in both groups. Thirty-day mortality was 3.6% in the surgical group and 7.1% in the nonsurgical group, and the 30-day complication rates were 17.9% and 25.0%, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. Surgical patients had significantly longer lengths of hospital stay than nonsurgical patients (11.8 days vs 4.4 days). Long-term median survival was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION The 30-day mortality and complication rates in surgically and nonsurgically treated patients were comparable. Elderly patients faced relatively high morbidity and mortality regardless of treatment modality; thus, age alone does not appear to be a contraindication to surgical fixation of C2 fractures.
Language and history in early England

The origin of standard Old English and Aethelwold's School at Winchester some problems and principles of the lexicography of Old English the study of language in Anglo-Saxon England - the Toller Memorial Lecture 1989 a grammarian's Greek-Latin glossary in Anglo-Saxon England Anglicae linguae interpretatio - language contact, lexical borrowing and glossing in Anglo-Saxon England - Sir Israel Gollancz Memorial Lecture 1992 latin loans in Old English - a note on their inflexional morphology eine angelsachsische konigsliste die benediktinerregel in England und ihre altenglische ubersetzung die Battle of Maldon als historisches und literarisches Zeugnis the Battle of Maldon 89 - Byrhtnod's ofermod once again Giraldus Cambrensis und die geschichte der englischen sprachwissenschaft im Mittelalter William Hereberts ubersetzungen.
Redescription of Echinocoleus hydrochoeri (Travassos, 1916) (Nematoda: Trichuridae) from Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766 (Rodentia: Caviidae) from Argentina

Abstract: Twenty-eight Capillariinae species have been recorded in rodents; 1 of these species was reported from a caviomorph rodent, Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris (capybara), and placed in the genus Echinocoleus by Moravec (1982). However, both original description and subsequent contributions of Echinocoleus hydrochoeri are poor and incomplete. In this paper, this species is redescribed, and a new geographical distribution is reported. The redescription is based on morphologic and morphometrical features; intestine ends in a cloaca beside ejaculatory duct, caudal bursa composed of 2 large ventrolateral lobes with a fleshy internal part and a membranous external part (they are not united dorsally with a membrane), 1 pair of caudal papillae, terminal part of cylindrical cirrus ornamented with thin and thick spines (and particular pattern distribution), sclerotized spicule in male, and vulvar appendage in female, and 3 bacillary bands (1 ventral and 2 lateral). Generic and specific analyses were performed to establish new standards for future studies on the systematic position of Capillariinae species. This study presents new morphological information and a new record of a capillariid species from Argentina.
Plasmodium infection brings forward mosquito oviposition

Invertebrate hosts often bring forward their reproductive effort in response to a parasitic infection. This is widely interpreted as a host-driven response aimed at compensating for the expected losses in future fitness as a result of parasitism. Here we report that mosquitoes bring forward their oviposition schedule when they are infected with Plasmodium, a parasite known to severely curtail mosquito fecundity. This response could aim at compensating for a negative time-dependent effect of the parasite on mosquito fitness, as infected mosquitoes seem to display a strong and progressive decrease in the quality of the eggs they lay. In addition, we show that this shift in oviposition date is dependent on mosquito strain: a comparison of several isogenic mosquitoes strains, one insecticide-susceptible and two insecticide-resistant ones, reveals that only the former shift their oviposition strategy when infected. This pattern suggests the existence of a costly host-driven response to parasitism, as insecticide-resistant mosquitoes have been shown to be in generally poorer condition.
Development and implementation of a Hope Intervention Program.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the development and evaluation of the Hope Intervention Program (HIP), designed to enhance hope, based on the Hope Process Framework. DESIGN Descriptive and evaluative. SETTING Outpatient oncology clinics of two large hospitals. SAMPLE Convenience sample--38 adults with first recurrence of cancer. METHODS Questionnaire completed at end of last HIP session, three months, six months, and nine months. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Helpfulness of the HIP components in maintaining hope. FINDINGS Participants used intervention strategies that represented all four attributes of hope, with specific strategy use varying across time and individuals. CONCLUSIONS Data suggested that HIP positively affected the participants' rebuilding and maintenance of hope. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE HIP has the potential to positively influence hope, and it supports the strategic vital role that nurses play in implementing research-based strategies designed to engender hope in their patients and prevent hopelessness.
An item response theory analysis of the Olweus Bullying scale.

In the present article, we used IRT (graded response) modeling as a useful technology for a detailed and refined study of the psychometric properties of the various items of the Olweus Bullying scale and the scale itself. The sample consisted of a very large number of Norwegian 4th-10th grade students (n = 48 926). The IRT analyses revealed that the scale was essentially unidimensional and had excellent reliability in the upper ranges of the latent bullying tendency trait, as intended and desired. Gender DIF effects were identified with regard to girls' use of indirect bullying by social exclusion and boys' use of physical bullying by hitting and kicking but these effects were small and worked in opposite directions, having negligible effects at the scale level. Also scale scores adjusted for DIF effects differed very little from non-adjusted scores. In conclusion, the empirical data were well characterized by the chosen IRT model and the Olweus Bullying scale was considered well suited for the conduct of fair and reliable comparisons involving different gender-age groups. Information Aggr. Behav. 41:1-13, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Images in Pathology

A 55-year-old woman presented with a right breast mass. Excisional biopsy showed a 3.0 cm, circumscribed, fibroepithelial lesion. The epithelial component was minimally hyperplastic. The stromal component was moderately cellular (with "overgrowth") but was mitotically inactive and devoid of cytological atypia (Fig. A). Benign phyllodes tumor was diagnosed. Higher power examination of the hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections showed small, round, eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IB). The IB were seemingly present in every other stromal cell (Fig. B). A narrow clear zone separated the IB from the nucleus (Fig. B, arrow). The IB resembled erythrocytes but could be distintinguished from the latter by their constant paranuclear location and variable size. In our case, as in most such cases, the IB were not immunoreactive with smooth muscle actin (Fig. C) upon routine processing. The IB stained deep red with Masson's trichrome stain (Fig. D). IB of this type are characteristically observed in infantile digital fibromatosis and have been previously reported in phyllodes tumor [1]. Ultrastructurally, the IB are composed of extremely dense actin filaments. To our knowledge, the presence of IB in phyllodes tumor has no known clinical significance.
Effects of phylogenetic signal on ancestral state reconstruction.

Effects of Phylogenetic Signal on Ancestral State Reconstruction GLENN LITSIOS1,2 AND NICOLAS SALAMIN1,2,∗ 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and 2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; ∗Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-mail: nicolas.salamin@unil.ch.
The oil‐resin of the tropical rainforest tree Copaifera langsdorffii reduces cell viability, changes cell morphology and induces cell death in human endometriotic stromal cultures

The hormonal treatment for endometriosis frequently fails to completely eradicate endometriotic implants. A new therapeutic treatment is needed. This study investigates the in‐vitro effect of Copaifera langsdorffii oil‐resin on human eutopic and ectopic endometrium stromal cell cultures (EuESCs and EctESCs).
Sense of Authorship and Agency in Computational Creativity Support

The co-creation of human and artiﬁcial intelligence in creative environments raises novel questions regarding the authorship of the crafted results. The traditional notion of attributing authorship to humans by default becomes increasingly challenged. In particular the factual contribution to authorship and the experience of authorship can become more divergent. Thus the perception for alternative designs can be different, although those require a similar amount of contribution. Especially in the creative domain, users favor personal expression and thus naturally want to feel as the authors of a created result. If a system cannot provide this sufﬁciently, the overall experience is negatively affected. However, usually systems are not evaluated deeply in this regard. To better guide design decisions that result in sa-tisfying experiences, this aspect needs to be integrated in its evaluation. We suggest to further explore a technique that emerged from neuro-science; for this, we provide examples of application, discuss limitations and future work.
Topoisomerase 1 and Single-Strand Break Repair Modulate Transcription-Induced CAG Repeat Contraction in Human Cells

ABSTRACT Expanded trinucleotide repeats are responsible for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1. The mechanisms that underlie repeat instability in the germ line and in the somatic tissues of human patients are undefined. Using a selection assay based on contraction of CAG repeat tracts in human cells, we screened the Prestwick chemical library in a moderately high-throughput assay and identified 18 novel inducers of repeat contraction. A subset of these compounds targeted pathways involved in the management of DNA supercoiling associated with transcription. Further analyses using both small molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdowns demonstrated the involvement of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), and single-strand break repair (SSBR) in modulating transcription-dependent CAG repeat contractions. The TOP1-TDP1-SSBR pathway normally functions to suppress repeat instability, since interfering with it stimulated repeat contractions. We further showed that the increase in repeat contractions when the TOP1-TDP1-SSBR pathway is compromised arises via transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, a previously identified contributor to transcription-induced repeat instability. These studies broaden the scope of pathways involved in transcription-induced CAG repeat instability and begin to define their interrelationships.
Streamlined Deployment for Quantized Neural Networks

Running Deep Neural Network (DNN) models on devices with limited computational capability is a challenge due to large compute and memory requirements. Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) have emerged as a potential solution to this problem, promising to offer most of the DNN accuracy benefits with much lower computational cost. However, harvesting these benefits on existing mobile CPUs is a challenge since operations on highly quantized datatypes are not natively supported in most instruction set architectures (ISAs). In this work, we first describe a streamlining flow to convert all QNN inference operations to integer ones. Afterwards, we provide techniques based on processing one bit position at a time (bit-serial) to show how QNNs can be efficiently deployed using common bitwise operations. We demonstrate the potential of QNNs on mobile CPUs with microbenchmarks and on a quantized AlexNet, which is 3.5x faster than an optimized 8-bit baseline.
Parental socialization of children’s Internet use: A qualitative approach

This study explores how parents feel about the Internet and its impact on children, how they manage children’s Internet use, and how they view the role of various socialization agents in creating a safer Internet environment for children. In-depth interviews with parents of children aged 7–12 revealed that parents presumed more positive than negative influence of the Internet on their children and felt confident about their ability to manage their children’s Internet use. This high confidence in their own management, however, seemed to lead parents to be less engaged in purposeful and communication-based parental mediation and be less interested in updating their Internet knowledge. Nonetheless, they argued that parents should be actively engaged in communication with their children and be equipped with Internet knowledge to promote a safer online environment for children. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Communiquer en environnement bruyant : de l’adaptation jusqu’au forçage vocal

Ce travail part de l'observation que certaines personnes sont plus susceptibles que d'autres de developper des troubles de la voix lorsqu'elles sont amenees a communiquer frequemment dans des conditions perturbees telles que des environnements bruyants. Le but de cette these est de comprendre l'origine de ces differences afin de prevenir le forcage vocal. Jusqu'a maintenant, l'explication de ces differentes sensibilites a ete principalement cherchee du cote de la variabilite des constitutions physiologiques et des facteurs environnementaux auxquels sont confrontees ces personnes. Au cours de ce travail, nous allons plutot explorer l'hypothese que ces differences puissent egalement provenir du comportement d'adaptation du locuteur a la situation de communication. C'est pourquoi nous avons tout d'abord examine en quoi les differentes modifications acoustiques et articulatoires peuvent etre interpretees en terme de strategies de communication visant a emerger du bruit ambiant, a faciliter la reconnaissance audiovisuelle des unites phonetiques pour l'interlocuteur, a renforcer les indices prosodiques de structuration de l'enonce ou encore les mots de l'enonce portant le plus d'information. Nous avons apporte plusieurs arguments en faveur d'une adaptation de la parole dans le bruit qui ne serait pas uniquement vocale, reflexe et subie, mais egalement en partie intentionnelle, communicationnelle et gerable par le locuteur. Pour cela, nous avons enregistre deux principales bases de donnees constituees de parole semi-spontanee en interaction avec un interlocuteur et pour une immersion des locuteurs dans le bruit par le biais de haut-parleurs. Nous avons au prealable montre l'apport de ces methodologies pour pouvoir tester nos hypotheses sur le forcage vocal et sur l'adaptation de la parole dans le bruit. L'examen individuel des comportements d'adaptation de la parole dans le bruit nous a permis de mettre en evidence des differences au niveau de l'adoption combinee des differentes strategies de communication –celles-ci n'etant pas equivalentes vis a vis de la charge qu'elles font porter au larynx– ainsi qu'au niveau de la reorganisation de l'adaptation en fonction du contexte (type et niveau de bruit). Nous avons pu relier ces variabilites comportementales a des profils larynges differents, ouvrant en cela de nouvelles perspectives pour l'etude et la prevention du forcage vocal.
Two Nuclear Genes Confirm Mitochondrial Evidence of Cryptic Species within Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract Phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequence data from two nuclear genes was undertaken to investigate phylogeographic structure within the widespread leafmining pest Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard). Parsimony analysis of 171 bp from β-tubulin (including an intron) and 921 bp from elongation factor-1α confirms previous findings from mitochondrial sequence data of deep phylogeographic structure indicative of cryptic species within L. huidobrensis. We resurrect the name L. langei Frick for the North American cryptic species and restrict the name L. huidobrensis to the South and Central American cryptic species. Results from nuclear genes also confirm previous results suggesting that recent invasions of this leafminer in many areas of the world are due to the spread of L. huidobrensis from South or Central America.
Identification of long-range regulatory elements in the protocadherin-α gene cluster

The clustered protocadherins (Pcdh) are encoded by three closely linked gene clusters (Pcdh-α, -β, and -γ) that span nearly 1 million base pairs of DNA. The Pcdh-α gene cluster encodes a family of 14 distinct cadherin-like cell surface proteins that are expressed in neurons and are present at synaptic junctions. Individual Pcdh-α mRNAs are assembled from one of 14 “variable” (V) exons and three “constant” exons in a process that involves both differential promoter activation and alternative pre-mRNA splicing. In individual neurons, only one (and rarely two) of the Pcdh α1–12 promoters is independently and randomly activated on each chromosome. Thus, in most cells, this unusual form of monoallelic expression leads to the expression of two different Pcdh-α 1–12 V exons, one from each chromosome. The two remaining V exons in the cluster (Pcdh-αC1 and αC2) are expressed biallelically in every neuron. The mechanisms that underlie promoter choice and monoallelic expression in the Pcdh-α gene cluster are not understood. Here we report the identification of two long-range cis-regulatory elements in the Pcdh-α gene cluster, HS5–1 and HS7. We show that HS5–1 is required for maximal levels of expression from the Pcdh α1–12 and αC1 promoters, but not the Pcdh-αC2 promoter. The nearly cluster-wide requirement of the HS5–1 element is consistent with the possibility that the monoallelic expression of Pcdh-α V exons is a consequence of competition between individual V exon promoters for the two regulatory elements.
Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

We investigated whether exposure of rat brain to microwaves (MWs) of global system for mobile communication (GSM) induces DNA breaks, changes in chromatin conformation and in gene expression. An exposure installation was used based on a test mobile phone employing a GSM signal at 915 MHz, all standard modulations included, output power level in pulses 2 W, specific absorption rate (SAR) 0.4 mW/g. Rats were exposed or sham exposed to MWs during 2 h. After exposure, cell suspensions were prepared from brain samples, as well as from spleen and thymus. For analysis of gene expression patterns, total RNA was extracted from cerebellum. Changes in chromatin conformation, which are indicative of stress response and genotoxic effects, were measured by the method of anomalous viscosity time dependencies (AVTD). DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) were analyzed by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Effects of MW exposure were observed on neither conformation of chromatin nor DNA DSBs. Gene expression profiles were obtained by Affymetrix U34 GeneChips representing 8800 rat genes and analyzed with the Affymetrix Microarray Suite (MAS) 5.0 software. In cerebellum from all exposed animals, 11 genes were upregulated in a range of 1.34–2.74 fold and one gene was downregulated 0.48‐fold (P < .0025). The induced genes encode proteins with diverse functions including neurotransmitter regulation, blood–brain barrier (BBB), and melatonin production. The data shows that GSM MWs at 915 MHz did not induce PFGE‐detectable DNA double stranded breaks or changes in chromatin conformation, but affected expression of genes in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 27:295–306, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.