Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case of tourette?s disorder responded to aripiprazole treatment

Tourette? s disorder is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that manifests with motor and vocal tics. Antipsychotics, especially pimozide and haloperidol have been used in treatment of Tourette? s disorder for a long time. In recent studies, it was reported that second generation antipsychotics have been successfully used to treat Tourette? s disorder. In this article we present a report of successful treatment of tics with aripiprazole in a patient with Tourette? s disorder.
Active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region - outcomes and the use of antigenemia

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent viral infection in liver recipients, acting as immunomodulatory factor for other opportunistic infections and rejection. We assessed the outcomes of CMV infection in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region and the use of antigenemia for the diagnosis of CMV syndrome. Between March 2007 and April 2009, 44 liver recipients collected 344 samples for CMV antigenemia. Defi nition of active CMV infections used literature criteria. Recipients’ outcomes [CMV syndrome, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recurrence, rejection and mortality] were analyzed. Performance of antigenemia for the diagnosis of CMV syndrome was assessed by the area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) of 52 positive samples, representing 24 recipients. CMV serology was positive (R+) in 90.9% of liver recipients. CMV syndrome occurred in 18 (40.9%) recipients. CMV negative serology (R-) recipients had lower disease-free time, as well as lower one-year and four-year survival rates (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004, respectively). HCV+ recipients presented CMV-associated indirect eff ects and had a tendency to lower fouryear survival rate (p=0.089). Th e AUROC for CMV syndrome was 0.745 (95% CI 0.606 to 0.856, p = 0.006), with a cut-off of more than 8 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes, (sensitivity of 88.9% and specifi city of 74.4%). CMV infection is associated to morbidity and lower survival rates in liver recipients in a high CMV seroprevalence region. Using antigenemia, the cut-off for diagnosing CMV syndrome was higher than 8 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes, with an appropriated performance through its accuracy.
Detecting disease and designing treatment. Duplex and the diagnosis of diseased leg vessels

In hospital Z, a Dutch university hospital, a new protocol for the diagnosis of vascular patients has been introduced. It requires vascular surgeons to rely sometimes on a non-invasive diagnostic technique, called duplex, in place of a previously used invasive one, called angiography. This article is a multivocal account of the protocol's introduction. It focuses on the intricate ways in which two aspects of diagnosis, the detection of disease and the design of treatment, relate.
Physical Signs in Lumbar Disc Hernia

In a prospective study of 163 consecutive patients operated on because they were thought to have lumbar disc hernia, the authors investigated whether physical signs could predict the degree of hernia (complete hernia, incomplete hernia, protruded disc, and normal disc) found at surgery. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that there were only 2 physical signs of diagnostic value: lumbar range of motion and crossed Lasegue sign. By these signs, 74% of the uncontained hernias and 68% of the contained hernias could be correctly classified. Discrimination also was made between intact annuli (negative exploration and protruded disc) versus ruptured annuli (incomplete hernias and complete hernias). Again, lumbar range of motion and crossed Lasegue sign were the only significant parameters, predicting 71% of the ruptured annuli and 80% of the intact annuli. These 2 physical signs are important because the degree of the hernia is the most important prognostic factor for the outcome of lumbar disc surgery. The degree of the hernia also has an impact on the choice of invasive therapy: open surgery, percutaneous surgery, or enzymatic nucleolysis. Neurologic signs often were absent, showed low correlation to the degree of the hernia, and had a limited value for predicting the level of the hernia. However, they are important for the differential diagnosis in distinguishing between radicular and referred pain.
The Use of Tapered Stems for Femoral Revision Surgery

From a biomechanical view point, cementless fixation of a tapered stem has some advantages compared with other techniques to treat severe proximal femoral bone loss in reconstructive hip surgery. We reviewed 129 consecutive revision arthroplasties of the femoral component in which the tapered Wagner self-locking revision stem was used. The mean followup of patients without rerevision of the stem was 8.1 years (range, 5.1–14.1 years). Six revision stems required rerevision (malpositioning, one stem; subsidence, one stem; periprosthetic fracture, one stem; deep infection, three stems) between 0.13 and 4.6 years postoperatively. Using removal of the stem for any cause as the end point, the cumulative survival at 14.1 years was 95.2%. The average Merle d’Aubigné score improved from 7.7 points preoperatively to 14.4 points at the latest followup. Because of new bone formation, the most recent radiographs showed clear, good, or excellent restoration of the proximal femur in 88% of patients. Considering possible late complications such as osteolysis of the femur, aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and late infection, the shortest stem that ensures sufficient mechanical stability should be used. It may be easier to achieve high primary stability in short stems with a tapered design than with other short stem designs.
Analysis and Functional Prediction of Reactive Cysteine Residues*

Cys is much different from other common amino acids in proteins. Being one of the least abundant residues, Cys is often observed in functional sites in proteins. This residue is reactive, polarizable, and redox-active; has high affinity for metals; and is particularly responsive to the local environment. A better understanding of the basic properties of Cys is essential for interpretation of high-throughput data sets and for prediction and classification of functional Cys residues. We provide an overview of approaches used to study Cys residues, from methods for investigation of their basic properties, such as exposure and pKa, to algorithms for functional prediction of different types of Cys in proteins.
Psychometrics of neurological soft signs.

OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometrics of neurological soft signs in young children. METHOD In a sample of 42 children from the community, two examiners simultaneously rated soft signs using a standardized examination. A subsample (n = 33) was reexamined twice over the next week to estimate test-retest reliability. RESULTS Total score exhibited acceptable internal consistency as well as interrater and test-retest reliability. Psychometrics for individual items appeared less satisfactory than for the total score. DISCUSSION Although examiners can reliably rate a variety of soft signs, more research examining test-retest reliability is needed. A reliable examination might be useful in future efforts to document the neuropsychiatric correlates of soft signs.
Development of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS) among Periodontal Disease Patients-Reliability and Validity Examination-

本研究の目的は, 歯周病患者のセルフケアに対する課題固有的な自己効力感の強さを測定する尺度「SESS」を開発し, その信頼性と妥当性を検討することである。 43項目からなる尺度原案を作成し, 61名の歯周病患者を対象に予備調査を実施した。 項目分析を行った結果, 15項目からなるSESSを作成した。 さらに信頼性と妥当性を検証するために, 189名の歯周病患者に対して調査を実施した。 因子分析の結果, 「歯科受診の自己効力感」「ブラッシングの自己効力感」「食生活の自己効力感」の3因子が抽出された。 SESSは十分な内的整合性を示し（α＝0.86）, テスト-再テスト間に有意な相関（r＝0.73）が認められることから, 高い信頼性が確認された。 SESSは一般性セルフ・エフィカシー尺度（GSES）に有意な相関が認められた（r＝0.44）ことから, 併存的妥当性が示された。 また, 対象者を初診時に刷掃指導を受けた患者（以下, 初診群）とメインテナンスを6か月以上継続している患者（以下, メインテナンス群）に分けて検討した。 その結果, 初診群において刷掃指導前後のPCRを比較すると, SESSの高得点群は, 低得点群よりも有意に改善していた（p<0.05）ことから, SESSの予測的妥当性が示された。 さらに, メインテナンス群は初診群よりもSESS得点が有意に高い（p<0.001）ことから, 構成概念妥当性が示された。 以上から, SESSは高い信頼性と妥当性を有し, 今後の研究への応用に充分耐えうることが示唆された。
Structure and Mechanism of Rhomboid Protease*

Rhomboid protease was first discovered in Drosophila. Mutation of the fly gene interfered with growth factor signaling and produced a characteristic phenotype of a pointed head skeleton. The name rhomboid has since been widely used to describe a large family of related membrane proteins that have diverse biological functions but share a common catalytic core domain composed of six membrane-spanning segments. Most rhomboid proteases cleave membrane protein substrates near the N terminus of their transmembrane domains. How these proteases function within the confines of the membrane is not completely understood. Recent progress in crystallographic analysis of the Escherichia coli rhomboid protease GlpG in complex with inhibitors has provided new insights into the catalytic mechanism of the protease and its conformational change. Improved biochemical assays have also identified a substrate sequence motif that is specifically recognized by many rhomboid proteases.
Bacterial Small RNA-based Negative Regulation: Hfq and Its Accomplices*

A large group of bacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) use the Hfq chaperone to mediate pairing with and regulation of mRNAs. Recent findings help to clarify how Hfq acts and highlight the role of the endonuclease RNase E and its associated proteins (the degradosome) in negative regulation by these sRNAs. sRNAs frequently uncouple transcription and translation by blocking ribosome access to the mRNA, allowing other proteins access to the mRNA. As more examples of sRNA-mediated regulation are studied, more variations on how Hfq, RNase E, and other proteins collaborate to bring about sRNA-based regulation are being found.
A Fresh View of Glycolysis and Glucokinase Regulation: History and Current Status*

This minireview looks back at a century of glycolysis research with a focus on the mechanisms of flux regulation. Traditionally, glycolysis is regarded as a feeder pathway that prepares glucose for further catabolism and energy production. However, glycolysis is much more than that, in particular in those tissues that express the low affinity glucose-phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase. This enzyme equips the glycolytic pathway with a special steering function for the regulation of intermediary metabolism. In beta cells, glycolysis acts as a transducer for triggering and amplifying physiological glucose-induced insulin secretion. On the basis of these considerations, I have defined a glycolytic flux regulatory unit composed of the two fructose ester steps of this pathway with various enzymes and metabolites that regulate glycolysis.
Human Enteroids/Colonoids and Intestinal Organoids Functionally Recapitulate Normal Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology*

Identification of Lgr5 as the intestinal stem cell marker as well as the growth factors necessary to replicate adult intestinal stem cell division has led to the establishment of the methods to generate “indefinite” ex vivo primary intestinal epithelial cultures, termed “mini-intestines. ” Primary cultures developed from isolated intestinal crypts or stem cells (termed enteroids/colonoids) and from inducible pluripotent stem cells (termed intestinal organoids) are being applied to study human intestinal physiology and pathophysiology with great expectations for translational applications, including regenerative medicine. Here we discuss the physiologic properties of these cultures, their current use in understanding diarrhea-causing host-pathogen interactions, and potential future applications.
Mismatch Repair*

Highly conserved MutS homologs (MSH) and MutL homologs (MLH/PMS) are the fundamental components of mismatch repair (MMR). After decades of debate, it appears clear that the MSH proteins initiate MMR by recognizing a mismatch and forming multiple extremely stable ATP-bound sliding clamps that diffuse without hydrolysis along the adjacent DNA. The function(s) of MLH/PMS proteins is less clear, although they too bind ATP and are targeted to MMR by MSH sliding clamps. Structural analysis combined with recent real-time single molecule and cellular imaging technologies are providing new and detailed insight into the thermal-driven motions that animate the complete MMR mechanism.
eIF4F: A Retrospective*

The original purification of the heterotrimeric eIF4F was published over 30 years ago (Grifo, J. A., Tahara, S. M., Morgan, M. A., Shatkin, A. J., and Merrick, W. C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5804–5810). Since that time, numerous studies have been performed with the three proteins specifically required for the translation initiation of natural mRNAs, eIF4A, eIF4B, and eIF4F. These have involved enzymatic and structural studies of the proteins and a number of site-directed mutagenesis studies. The regulation of translation exhibited through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is predominately seen as the phosphorylation of 4E-BP, an inhibitor of protein synthesis that functions by binding to the cap binding subunit of eIF4F (eIF4E). A hypothesis that requires the disassembly of eIF4F during translation initiation to yield free subunits (eIF4A, eIF4E, and eIF4G) is presented.
Experiences of pregnancy‐related body shape changes and of breast‐feeding in women with a history of eating disorders

In spite of the growing problems of eating disorders in society, no publications have reported the cumulative prevalence of eating disorders among childbearing women. The condition may constitute a risk during pregnancy and the childbirth period. This study examined the frequency of self-reported eating disorder histories in women who had been delivered 3–7 months earlier as well as their experiences of body shape changes and breast feeding and the length of the breast-feeding periods. Five hundred and sixteen women were invited to participate, of whom 454 responded to a questionnaire (88 per cent). A history of an eating disorder was reported by 11.5 per cent of the respondents, with a predominance of younger women. Significantly fewer women among those reporting an eating disorder breast-fed their 3-month-old baby. However, no difference was seen regarding feelings related to the transformed body shape. Almost all women described such feelings as positive. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Ultrasound parameters of bone health and related physical measurement indicators for the community‐dwelling elderly in Japan

Deteriorated bone strength, which approaches osteoporosis, increases the likelihood that an elderly person will not able to live independently. However, few data are available pertaining to bone health and various physical objective indicators. The aim of the present study was to objectively assess bone health by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and identify related physical measurement indicators among the elderly to aid the health promotion strategies in Japan. A cross‐sectional study was performed at five welfare centers for the aged in the suburban area of Takatsuki city, Japan. Subjects comprised community‐dwelling persons (134 men, 240 women) aged ≥60 years and registered at welfare centers. QUS of the right‐heel was conducted and recorded as stiffness index (SI). Physical factors including body components (fat and muscle mass), handgrip strength, daily physical activity, daily walking steps, maximum and usual walking speed and maximum bite force were examined objectively during the period May–June 2005. SI in women was lower than that in men (P < 0.01) and decreased significantly with age (P < 0.01). The SI correlated with six physical items in men and with all items in women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that muscle mass, usual walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest physical indicators of male SI; and muscle mass, maximum walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest indicators of female SI. Muscle training, daily walking exercise and oral health care should be included in health promotion programs for the bone health of elderly women and men in Japan.
Light inhibition of leaf respiration in field-grown Eucalyptus saligna in whole-tree chambers under elevated atmospheric CO2 and summer drought.

We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole-tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO(2) ] and summer drought. Associated with month-to-month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (R(light) ) and darkness (R(dark) ), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well-watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of R(light) and R(dark) were not significantly affected by [CO(2) ]. By contrast, overall rates of R(dark) (averaged across both [CO(2) ]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well-watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well-watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between R(light) and R(dark) when data from all months/treatments were combined (R(2) = 0.8). Variations in R(light) were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light-saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/A(sat) ). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.
Defining the Relationship between Prosthetic Wrist Function and Its Use in Performing Work Tasks and Activities of Daily Living

Ninety-eight upper extremity amputees were surveyed to determine the impact of prosthetic wrist units in task completion. Data regarding amputation level, prosthesis type, wrist unit functions, daily duration of wear, work experience, and prosthetic training were collected to assess statistically significant relationships among the user characteristics and their impact on wrist utilization. Responses also were recorded addressing prosthesis use, wrist unit functions, wrist unit utilization, and ease of task completion for specific tasks. Respondents were surveyed by mail, phone, and the Internet. Results indicated no clear correlations between most user characteristics and the ease of task completion with a wrist unit. However, analysis between prosthetic training and wrist use did reveal some relationships. Only 29% of unilateral prosthesis users received training from a therapist, and only 22% of the unilateral amputees received more than 10 hours of training from a therapist or prosthetist. Approximately 62% of unilateral and 70% of bilateral users wore their prostheses 10 or more hours a day. However, less than 50% of unilateral users reported using their prosthesis for the majority of tasks evaluated. Unilateral users used their prosthesis more than half the time to stuff envelopes and drive, indicating that unilateral users primarily use their prosthesis for bimanual tasks. Statistically significant improvement was seen in the use of the wrist unit for writing, eating with utensils, chopping vegetables, and hammering. More tasks performed using a wrist unit need to be evaluated. Future studies should focus on measuring tasks that individuals report using their wrist units to perform to more definitively assess the overall benefit of the wrist unit to upper extremity prosthesis users.
Role of Echocardiography in Assessing Pregnant Women With and Without Heart Disease

The cardiocirculatory changes during pregnancy and delivery are marked. In some diseases and conditions, the maternal and fetal risks are high. Echocardiography plays a very important role to diagnose and to follow up in pregnant women with heart diseases, because it is noninvasive and does not expose the patients to radiation. We reviewed the value of echocardiography to determine the conditions under which women with heart disease can tolerate pregnancy, and the fetomaternal prognosis for major heart diseases. (J Echocardiogr 2008; 6: 29-38)
Effects of Epidural Analgesia on Plasma Catecholamines and Cortisol in Parturition

To assess the effect of epidural block on plasma catecholamines and cortisol during labour and delivery, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol levels were determined in 26 healthy parturients, all of whom delivered vaginally (18 received an epidural block, eight had meperidine 50 mg intramuscularly). We found a significant drop of plasma epinephrine and cortisol and no significant reduction of plasma norepinephrine l h after administration of epidural block compared to preblock values. Observing the data during the whole course of labour in correlation with cervical dilatation, in the control group, where the parturients received meperidine, all hormones rose progressively up to the moment of delivery. One hour after delivery the catecholamines returned to normal levels; cortisol returned more slowly. In the epidural group the increase of plasma epinephrine and cortisol was significantly inhibited but not that of norepinephrine.
A Collateral Source Version of the Geriatric Depression Rating Scale.

One hundred ninety-four patients undergoing comprehensive geriatric assessment completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and their collateral source (CS) completed a CS version of the GDS (CS-GDS). The results were compared with the blind, prospective diagnoses made by geriatric psychiatrists. The CSs reported the presence of 28 of 30 symptoms significantly more often than the patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed good agreement among the clinical diagnoses and both the patient-completed GDS and the CS-completed CS-GDS. At cutoff scores used in prior studies of the GDS, the CS-GDS had limited specificity and poor positive predictive value.
The molecular basis for differential type I interferon signaling

Type I interferons (IFN-1) are cytokines that affect the expression of thousands of genes, resulting in profound cellular changes. IFN-1 activates the cell by dimerizing its two-receptor chains, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, which are expressed on all nucleated cells. Despite a similar mode of binding, the different IFN-1s activate a spectrum of activities. The causes for differential activation may stem from differences in IFN-1-binding affinity, duration of binding, number of surface receptors, induction of feedbacks, and cell type-specific variations. All together these will alter the signal that is transmitted from the extracellular domain inward. The intracellular domain binds, directly or indirectly, different effector proteins that transmit signals. The composition of effector molecules deviates between different cell types and tissues, inserting an additional level of complexity to the system. Moreover, IFN-1s do not act on their own, and clearly there is much cross-talk between the activated effector molecules by IFN-1 and other cytokines. The outcome generated by all of these factors (processing step) is an observed phenotype, which can be the transformation of the cell to an antiviral state, differentiation of the cell to a specific immune cell, senescence, apoptosis, and many more. IFN-1 activities can be divided into robust and tunable. Antiviral activity, which is stimulated by minute amounts of IFN-1 and is common to all cells, is termed robust. The other activities, which we term tunable, are cell type-specific and often require more stringent modes of activation. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge on the mode of activation and processing that is initiated by IFN-1, in perspective of the resulting phenotypes.