Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the lithospheric mantle and crustal melts for the generation of the Horoz pluton (Niğde, Turkey): whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic evidence

The Horoz pluton includes granitic and granodioritic rocks, with widespread mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). Petrochemically, the rocks of the pluton show calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The rocks also exhibit an enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, e.g. Rb, K, and depletions of high field strength elements such as Y, Lu, and Mg#, Ni, with a slightly concave-upward rare earth element pattern. Both granitic and granodioritic rocks exhibit geochemical characteristics of tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite assemblages, possibly developed by the partial melting of a thickened lower crust. The granitoids have high concentrations of Na2O (2.6–4.5 wt%), Sr (347–599 ppm), intermediate-high (La/Yb)N (8.2–18.1, mostly >11 ), Al2O3 (13.2–16.9 wt%, average 15.3 wt%), low MgO (0.2–1.4 wt%, average 0.84 wt%) and Co (0.7–10.3 ppm). The MMEs include higher Na2O (4.5–5.5 wt%), Sr (389–1149 ppm), Al2O3 (16.9–19.2 wt%, average 17.8 wt%), MgO (1.4–4.4 wt%, average 2.75 wt%) and Co (6.2–18.7 ppm) contents in comparison with that of their hosts. There is a lack of negative Eu anomalies, except a few samples. Both host rocks and MMEs have a low initial Sr/Sr ratio (respectively 0.7046–0.7051 and 0.7047–0.7058), low Nd value (–1.8 to –0.2 and –0.6 to 0.7 at 50 Ma) and highly radiogenic Pb/Pb ratios (39.43–39.47 and 39.39–39.54). Whole-rock chemistry and isotopic data suggest that parent magmas of both MMEs and their hosts have derived from melts of the mixing between the lithospheric mantle and crustal end members, than fractional crystallization processes in crustal levels.
The effect of altitude on distribution of freshwater algae in continental Israel

We studied the effects of altitude, climate and hydrology on distribution of freshwater diatoms over the ecoregions of Israel. The previously recorded and recently revised taxonomic diversity of freshwater algae of Israel include 1621 species from which the diatoms constitute 32.3%. A notable feature of the taxonomic structure is a large proportion of monomorphic species with Index 1.09 ratio. Israel presents a unique diversity of algal environments from coastal plains to mountainous areas about 2000 m high and over four phytogeographic realms. Here we analyze statistical regularities of diatom distribution and compare them with the phytogeographic zonation based on higher plants. The 42 types of geographic ranges are combined in six phytogeographic domains. Five clusters of diatom taxa correspond to the coastal plains (I), the Judean and Galilean highlands (II), piedmonts (III), and the Dead Sea Kinneret Lake Rift Valley (IV-V). Diatom flora contains both circumpolar and tropical species. The boundaries marked by the diatom distribution appear less distinct, with more numerous ecotonal species, than the corresponding terrestrial vegetation boundaries. Diatoms formed two floristic cores with centers in the Carmel and Judean mountains. The ten endemic diatoms are confined to the Rift Valley and adjacent areas of Central Negev. The differentiation of endemic species might have occurred under the impact of aridization through the Holocene and the recent warming. Analysis shows that altitude is a major factor of diatom distribution in Israel.
The presence of cucumber mosaic virus in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) in Serbia.

During 2014 a total of 67 pot marigold samples from five different localities in the Province in Vojvodina were collected and analysed for the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) using commercial double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits. CMV was detected serologically in all inspected localities in 67.16% collected samples. None of the analysed samples was positive for INSV. The virus was successfully mechanically transmitted to test plants including Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum 'Samsun' and N. glutinosa, as well as pot marigold seedlings, confirming the infectious nature of the disease. The presence of CMV in pot marigold plants was further verified by RT-PCR and sequencing, using the specific primers CMV CPfwd/CMVCPrev that amplify coat protein (CP) gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the CP gene sequences showed clustering of the selected isolates into three subgroups, IA, IB and II, and Serbian CMV isolates from pot marigold belong to subgroup II.
Sub-micrometer distribution of Fe oxides and organic matter in Podzol horizons

The spatial distribution of soil constituents at the micrometer scale is of great importance to understand processes controlling the formation of micro-aggregates and the stabilization of organic carbon. Here, the spatial distribution of organic and mineral constituents in Podzol horizons is studied by concerted measurements of (i) the content of various forms of Fe, Al, Si and C determined by selective extraction in the fine earth fraction of soil (f < 2mm); (ii) the elemental composition of the clay fraction (f < 2 μm) with lateral resolution using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and with surface selectivity using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); (iii) the specific surface area (SSA) of fine earth and clay fractions by krypton physisorption. The SSA of the fine earth in illuvial horizons is predominantly due to finely divided Fe oxides, including goethite, characterized by an equivalent particle size of about 10 nm. Kaolinite platelets of about 2 μm size account for a large volume proportion in the clay fraction but have a minor contribution to SSA. Fe oxides and organic matter (OM) are intimately associated. Heterogeneity at the μm scale is created by local variations in the relative amounts of kaolinite and Fe-OM associations. These two kinds of physical entities are in random mixture. Moreover, variation of C/Fe atomic ratios reveals sub-μm scale heterogeneity. The latter is due to variation in the relative proportion of organic compounds and Fe oxides, indicating that aggregation of nanoparticles, and not only mere adsorption or pore filling, plays a role in these associations. In this regard, our results highlight that OM associated with Fe protects Fe oxides against physical displacement and that part of this associated OM is oxidizable by NaOCl treatment. These findings demonstrate that the concept of OM stabilization through association with Fe must be revisited when considering the sub-μm scale level because fine Fe oxide particles can be easily dispersed during oxidation of associated carbon. Combination of physical fractionation and microanalysis (e.g. SEM-EDS, vibrational spectroscopy) offer promising perspectives to clarify the relationship between chemical composition and sub-μm scale architecture, and to better understand soil processes.
Study on performance of aonla cultivars in laterite soil of West Bengal

To find out suitable cultivar of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) in laterite zone of West Bengal, a study was made on seven released varieties viz., Anand 1, BSR1, Chakaiya, Kanchan, Krishna, NA 10 and Neelum for six consecutive years adopting randomized block design. The soil was laterite and acidic in nature. Significant variation in yield and physicochemical characteriscts of fruits of different cultivars was observed. The cultivar Neelum gave peak production of 80 kg plant -1 at 9 year of age with an average of 56.0 kgtree -1 followed by Kanchan which produced maximum yield of 60 kg tree -1 at 9 year of age with an average of 27.7 kgtree -1 . These two cultivars were found to resistance and tolerant respectively against the stem borer pest. The highest fruit weight (35g) with maximum in size (4.5 × 5.0 cm) was observed in Neelum while highest pulp content was noted from Kanchan (95.0%). The TSScontent was maximum in Anand 1 and BSR 1 (14.2– 14.3%) and minimum in Krishna (11.0%). The ascorbic acid content was highest in Krishna (475 mg 100 -1 g) followed by Neelum (460 mg100 -1 g). Considering overall performance and presence of self -incompatibility phenomenon in aonla, the cultivars Neelum and Kanchan (10:1 :: Neelum : Kanchan) can be recommended for commercial cultivations in orchards under red and laterite zone of West Bengal.
High Watermarks of Market Risk

We present several estimates of measures of risk amongst the most well-known, using both high and low frequency data. The aim of the article is to show which lower frequency measures can be an acceptable substitute to the high precision measures, when transaction data is unavailable for a long history. We also study the distribution of the volatility, focusing more precisely on the slopee of the tail of the various risk measure distributions, in order to define the high watermarks of market risks. Based on estimates of the tail index of a Generalized Extreme Value density backed-out from the high frequency CAC 40 series in the period 1997-2006, using both Maximum Likelihood and L-moment Methods, we, finally find no evidence for the need of a specification with heavier tails than in the case of the traditional log-normal hypothesis.
New Nutritional Strategies for Improving the Quality of Meat

Few studies of using locally legume grains in lamb nutrition have been studied that their use had no negative impact on meat quality such as fatty acid composition. One of the strategies of increasing functional food availability is to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the ω-3 series, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level and reduce saturated fatty acids in animal products. The CLA isomers appear to be concentrated in intramus- cular and subcutaneous fat of meat ruminants and the concentration of c9, t11-CLA being greater than the concentration of t10, and c12-CLA in all tissues. To increase the CLA yield in lamb meat, it is essential to provide lamb an appropriate substrate for the forma tion of CLA. The provision of source of dietary linoleic acid appears to increase the CLA concentration to the greatest extent. Regarding the recommended daily intake for the appreciation of health benefits in humans (3500 mg/d), this amount of CLA supplied to meat lamb will partially provide the CLA requirement for everyone under certain conditions; deposition of CLA in the tissues using the provision of modest amounts of locally legume grains is more conducive to CLA synthesis rather than high levels of grain.
Protection or Repression: The Impact of Judiciary Behavior on Sme Development in Russia

The paper investigates the role of judiciary behavi or in the development of SMEs in Russian regions. Specifically, it looks at how repressive R ussian courts are in punishing economic crime. Repressiveness of courts can be both an obstacle of business development (if it serves the predatory behavior of bureaucrats) and a factor improving the environment for business (if it reduces risks of illicit behavior on the side of SMEs’ counterparts) . Utilizing the differences in court repressiveness and SME development across Russian regions, we show that court behavior indeed affects the development of SMEs, at least as captured by the of ficial statistics. For small business in the area o f trade, higher repressiveness of courts in the matte rs of fraud seems to encourage business development, while repressiveness in corruption and illicit entrepreneurship has a negative effect.
Long-term survival of two dogs after mitral valve plasty

Two small 9-year-old dogs received mitral valve plasty (MVP) for severe mitral regurgitation that could not be controlled via drug administration. MVP consisted of chordal reconstruction using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures and semicircular suture annuloplasty using polypropylene sutures. In both cases, the clinical signs dramatically improved after MVP, although postoperative echocardiography revealed slight residual mitral regurgitant flow. Both dogs survived for several years after MVP without any signs of cardiac distress; one dog survived for 9 years and 1 month, and the other dog survived for 7 years and 10 months. These findings highlight the durability of ePTFE sutures as artificial chordae and the excellence of semicircular suture annuloplasty in small dogs.
Scanning supersaturation condensation particle counter applied as a nano-CCN counter for size-resolved analysis of the hygroscopicity and chemical composition of nanoparticles

Abstract. Knowledge about the chemical composition of aerosol particles is essential to understand their formation and evolution in the atmosphere. Due to analytical limitations, however, relatively little information is available for sub-10 nm particles. We present the design of a nano-cloud condensation nuclei counter (nano-CCNC) for measuring size-resolved hygroscopicity and inferring chemical composition of sub-10 nm aerosol particles. We extend the use of counting efficiency spectra from a water-based condensation particle counter (CPC) and link it to the analysis of CCN activation spectra, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of a scanning supersaturation CPC (SS-CPC) as a nano-CCNC. Measurement procedures and data analysis methods are demonstrated through laboratory experiments with monodisperse particles of diameter down to 2.5 nm, where sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, sucrose and tungsten oxide can be easily discriminated by different characteristic supersaturations of water droplet formation. A near-linear relationship between hygroscopicity parameter κ and organic mass fraction is also found for sucrose-ammonium sulfate mixtures. The design is not limited to the water CPC, but also applies to CPCs with other working fluids (e.g. butanol, perfluorotributylamine). We suggest that a combination of SS-CPCs with multiple working fluids may provide further insight into the chemical composition of nanoparticles and the role of organic and inorganic compounds in the initial steps of atmospheric new particle formation and growth.
Characterization of Diversity of Bradyrhizobia on Cowpea in Iraq Reveals Unusual Strain Characteristics

Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is considered as one of the most well established symbiotic nitrogen fixing system for agronomic studies. Association between legumes and rhizobia results in the formation of root nodules where symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs. The current study aimed to authenticate 110 isolates from 20 sites belonging to 10 governorates in Iraq, tested their capacity of nodulation with cowpea and classified them depending on the phenotype and genotype presented by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. To fulfill these goals, many approaches have been implemented such as Authentication Tests, Bromothymol Blue Reaction, Colony Size and Morphology, Antibiotic Test, Sequencing of 16S rRNA and Phylogenetic analysis. This study provides an easy way to classify the Bradyrhizobia sp. strains by genotype analysis depending on the phenotypes (i.e. motility and colony size) by sample preservation and high quality DNA isolation from environmental soil samples followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. This molecular technique has demonstrated the usefulness of these methods, easy technologies, and their applications to microbiome analysis and environmental science. Interestingly, a group of Bradyrhizobia identified in the current study was able to secrete acidic products before switching and starting to secrete alkali products after 1, 2 and 3 days. This is an unusual phenotype observed within rhizobia strains.
The Finnish "Social Wilderness"

The cultural roots and images of the Finnish wilderness lie in its use as a source of livelihood practiced in southern and central Finland during the Middle Ages. There are statutory wilder- ness areas in Finland, but Finnish people consider many other areas as wilderness. It is important for management of the areas, statu- tory wilderness areas and the other wilderness-like areas to deter- mine what are the features that make an area wilderness, how these areas are used and appreciated by Finnish people. Questionnaires and landscape rankings were used to determine that. Old virgin forests and open bogs are the most important features of Finnish wilderness as revealed by the mental images of Finnish people. In addition, wilderness areas have to be vast, roadless, remote, peace- ful, silent and at least near their natural condition. Ponds, streams, wooden trails across bogs and old cabins for common use are consistent with the idea of Finnish wilderness. Finnish people appreciate and use our wilderness areas mostly for picking berries or mushrooms, hunting, fishing and hiking. The experience of peace and silence is the most important motive to visit wilderness.
Cheerleading and the Gendered Politics of Sport

Cheerleading occupies a contested space in American culture and a key point of controversy is whether it ought to be considered a sport. Drawing on interviews with college cheerleaders on coed squads, as well as five years of fieldwork in various cheerleading sites, this paper examines the debate over cheerleading and sport in terms of its gender politics. The bid for sport status on the part of cheerleaders revolves around the desire for respect more than official recognition by athletic organizations; cheerleaders recognize the prestige associated with sport, a function of its historic association with hegemonic masculinity, and they claim that prestige for cheerleading by highlighting its recent transformation into a more athletic, competitive activity that is no longer “just for girls. ” However, the support function of college cheerleading, combined with its ”feminine” performance demands, make the bid for sport status controversial. Male cheerleaders in particular distance themselves from the feminine elements of cheerleading because they want to avoid being perceived as gay. The gender politics at work here illustrate both the elasticity of gender categories and the limits of that elasticity, as gendered boundaries are drawn and redrawn between what gets to count as sport and what does not, and as cheerleading simultaneously challenges and reinforces the notion of sport as a male preserve. Because masculinity and femininity are performed side-by-side in coed cheerleading, this research underscores the importance of relational analyses for examining and critiquing the construction of gender and sexuality.
Measuring Reliability of Metacognitive Strategies in Reading Comprehension Questionnaire: A Pilot Study on First Year Engineering Students in Pakistan

This study aimed to investigate the reliability (psychometric properties) of the metacognitive strategies questionnaire piloted on Pakistani engineering students of QUEST, Nawabshah. The questionnaire had four parts including demographic, reading comprehension, metacognition, and scaffolding having 53 questions that were tested on 37 first year engineering students. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability was measured through SPSS 17. The results showed that the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability concerning reading comprehension ranged from . 826-. 842, metacognitive strategies ranged from.830-. 839, and the reliability of scaffolding ranged from . 829-. 837. Therefore, the results from the pilot study showed that the questionnaire needed to be used without any modification in the actual study.
ANALISIS PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. NINDYA KARYA (PERSERO)

ABSTRAKSI Rifki Afrizal, 11208055 ANALISIS PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. NINDYA KARYA (PERSERO) Skripsi, Jurusan Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Gunadarma, 2012 (xiii + 90 + Daftar Pustaka + Lampiran) Kepuasan kerja dirasa penting dan perlu diperhatikan oleh setiap organisasi, karena sumber daya manusia merupakan faktor dan pemeran utama dalam proses kerja. Bekerja tanpa adanya kepuasan kerja akan menjadikan seorang pekerja mudah mengeluh tidak ada semangat kerja dan prestasi kerja juga sulit untuk dicapai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara gaya kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, dan kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT Nindya Karya (Persero) secara simultan dan parsial Penelitian ini berlokasi di PT Nindya Karya (persero) Jakarta. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu gaya kepemimpinan (X1), lingkungan kerja (X2), kompensasi (X3) dan kepuasan kerja (Y) Sumber data yang digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden yaitu karyawan PT. Nindya Karya (persero) seluruh departemen. Alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, korelasi berganda, determinasi berganda, uji f dan uji t, yang dihitung dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 1.7. Didapatkan persamaan hasil uji regresi Y = 3.980 + 0,318 X1+ 0,230 X2 + 0,265 X3. Kemudian dari hasil uji korelasi menghasilkan koefisien sebesar 0,732. Hasil uji f yaitu f hitung > f tabel dan signifikasi probabilitas t tabel dan probabilitas signifikasi < 0,05. Hasil seluruh analisis yang diperoleh menunjukan gaya kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, dan kompensasi berpengaruh signifikan baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT Nindya Karya (persero) Kata kunci : gaya kepemimpinan, kepuasan kerja, kompensasi, kuesioner, lingkungan kerja.
Post-exercise effects of graduated compression garment use on skeletal muscle recovery and delayed onset muscle soreness: a systematic review

The study aimed to review the literature on the effects related to post-exercise of graduated compression garments (GCGs) use on muscle recovery and delayed onset muscle soreness. The search was performed in Pubmed/Medline, Bireme, Scielo, and Lilacs electronic databases using the following descriptors in English: "compression clothing", "physical exercise", "recovery", "physical activity", "compression stockings" and "delayed onset muscle soreness". The search resulted in 102 articles and after removing duplicates, applying exclusion criteria and checking the reference lists, nine studies fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review. Seven studies associated the use of GCGs with reduction of delayed muscle soreness and improvement in performance after the use of compression clothes. However, the methodological quality of the studies, using PEDro scale, presented an average of 5.1±0.9 points (out of a total of 11 points), classified as intermediate. In conclusion, although the positive effects of using CGCs on improving recovery and reduction of delayed muscle soreness after physical exercises are almost consensual, the insufficient methodological quality of the included studies requires careful consideration of the results.
Labor Unionization Structure, Innovation, and Welfare

We show the effects of cooperation among the labor unions with complementary workers on innovation, consumer surplus, and welfare. Although cooperation among the unions reduces wages, it may either increase or decrease the firm's incentive for innovation, and may also make the consumers and the society worse off by reducing innovation. While cooperation (compared to noncooperation) among the unions makes the workers better off, it may not make all final-goods producers better off.