Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF CORRELATION BETWEEN PULSE SUBJECTIVE INDICATORS OF GIRL STUDENTS’ AND SCHOOL GIRLS’ REACTION TO PHYSICAL LOAD

Purpose: to determine characteristics of correlation of girl students’ and school girls’ subjective and physiological parameters of reaction to physical load. Material: in the research sportswomen of two age groups participated: adult qualified girl students-basketball players (n=40, age 20-22years) and junior basketball players (n=35, age12-13years). Registration of heart beats rate was fulfilled with «Polar RS300X». Simultaneously, we registered subjective feeling of loaf value (heaviness) by Borg’s method. Results: it was found that in conditions of natural training and competition functioning, with equal heart beats rate values school girls feel tension of fulfilled work subjectively easier. It can be explained by higher maximal values of school girls’ heat beats rate, comparing with girls students. Equal values of heart beats rate reflect different changes in girl students’ and school girls’ organisms. That is why they can not serve reliably informative indicator of load. Conclusions: we determined characteristics of perceived tension under load of game character. It can be connected with emotional tension, which is characteristic for basketball.
Evaluating SAR-optical sensor fusion for aboveground biomass estimation in a Brazilian tropical forest

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential of C-band SAR data from the Sentinel-1/2 instruments and machine learning algorithms for the estimation of forest above ground forest biomass (AGB) in a high-biomass tropical ecosystem. This study was carried out in Jamari National Forest, located in the Brazilian Amazon. The response variable was AGB (Mg/ha) estimated from airborne laser surveys. The following treatments were considered as model predictors: 1) Sentinel-1 Sigma 0 at VV and VH polarizations; 2) (1) plus Sentinel-1 textural metrics; 3) (2) plus Sentinel-2 bands and derived vegetation indices (LAI, RVI, SAVI, NDVI). Our modeling design estimated the relative importance of SAR vs. optical variables in explaining AGB. The modeling was performed with twelve machine-learning algorithms including, neural network and regression tree. The addition of texture and optical data provided a noticeable improvement (3%) over models with SAR backscatter only. The best model performance was achieved with the Random Tree algorithm. Our results demonstrate the potential of freely-available SAR data and machine learning for mapping AGB in tropical ecosystems.
WP / 18 / 29 Portfolio Inflows Eclipsing Banking Inflows : Alternative Facts ?

Superficial examination of aggregate gross cross-border capital inflow data suggests that there was no substitution between portfolio inflows and bank loans in recent years. However, our novel analysis of disaggregate inflows (both by types of instrument and borrower) shows interesting heterogeneity. There has been substitution of bank loans for portfolio debt securities not only in the case of corporate and sovereign borrowers in advanced countries, but also sovereign borrowers in emerging countries. In the case of corporate borrowers in emerging markets, the relationship corresponds to complementarity across types of gross capital inflows, especially during periods of positive capital gross inflows after the global financial crisis. A large part of these patterns does not seem to be driven by a common phenomenon across countries associated with the global financial cycle, but rather by country-specific factors. JEL Classification Numbers: F00, F2, F21, F3, F32, F41, F42
A PRICE-BASED MECHANISM FOR ONLINE BUYER COALITION BY GENETIC ALGORITHMS

E-commerce companies have been implementing several sales strategies to increase orders from online buyers. One of the most profitable strategies used to entice buyers to purchase more items is a volume discount on particular goods. Generally, an individual online buyer has limited bargaining power and always makes orders individually. From the perspective of buyers, they look for an efficient way to receive a lower price for their products without buying a large volume. Moreover, buyers are often heterogeneous in terms of preferences and willingness-to-pay. In such a situation, we propose a new approach for forming buying groups while taking consideration of buyers’ heterogeneous preferences. The approach, which is based on genetic algorithms with roulette-wheel selection, searches for an optimized group of buyers by aggregating a number of buyer-selected items to obtain the highest utility received from the sellers. The paper compares the performance of the algorithm using roulette-wheel selection with generational replacement. Additionally, the web-based application of the proposed approach is developed in order to illustrate how the proposed algorithm works in the real world. The experimental results of our empirical case study show that the algorithm optimally searches for the best solution.
HUMAN RESOURCE PROCUREMENT AM) RETENTION STRATEGIES USED BY COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NAIROBI BY GRAHAM R. SAGWE

In modem era o f resource constraints, organizations must efficiently manage their activities by procuring and retaining the best o f their employees and avoiding the employment of excess human capital in their operations. The study aimed at establishing the human resource procurement retention strategies used by commercial banks in Nairobi. This was a census study and the population consisted o f 44 Commercial Banks in Kenya that have been inspected, assessed and classified as commercial banks by the Central Bank of Kenya. In order to identify the employee procurement and retention strategies used in the banking industry in Kenya, semi structured questionnaires were distributed among targeted population of employees currently employed by banks in Nairobi in order to get primary data. A content analysis and descriptive statistics were employed. The content analysis was used to analyze the respondents’ views about the employee procurement and retention strategies. From the study, the researcher found that the banks did the assessment o f employees during recruitment with an aim o f cultivating a high performance workforce at the companies.ln addition, the study also found out that majority of the banks had established human resource procurement retention strategies in the recruitment o f staff. The study established that the commercial banks used various human resource management initiatives to enhance employee retention in the companies. These included performance appraisal, promotion and conducive work environment. From the findings, the study recommends that commercial banks use various employee procurement strategies in recruiting staff such as commissioning procurement agencies. This is essential as it leads to improved choice, advice and better employee management information. The study also recommends that commercial banks adopt various human resource management initiatives such as labour management participation programs in order to enhance employee retention in the firms.
‘ The Poor have been Raped ’ : An Analysis of Politicised Collective Identity in Facebook Groups against the Financial Crisis in Cyprus

This paper investigates the content of collective identities as constructed in Facebook groups created in protest against the haircut in 2013 in Cyprus. Given its supplementary role to offline social action, we use Facebook as a research domain and data gathering tool. Drawing on the concept of politicised collective identity we undertake a qualitative content analysis of the posts in three Facebook groups. The analysis reveals two main forms of collective identification. The first presents a rather common form of collective identity that is informed ideologically by nationalism. The second is built upon a strong anti-president rhetoric, echoing the arguments of the opposition parties. The ‘banal’ nature of such identities probably go a long way in accounting for the limited potential for collective action – unlike some of the other European crisis countries.
Proving physical proximity using symbolic models

For many modern applications like e.g. contactless payment, and keyless systems, ensuring physical proximity is a security goal of paramount importance. Formal methods have proved their usefulness when analysing standard security protocols. However, existing results and tools do not apply to e.g. distance bounding that aims to ensure physical proximity between two entities. This is due in particular to the fact that existing models do not represent in a faithful way the locations of the participants, and the fact that transmission of messages takes time. In this paper, we propose several reduction results: when looking for an attack, it is actually sufficient to consider a simple scenario involving at most four participants located at some specific locations. An interest- ing consequence of our reduction results is that it allows one to reuse ProVerif, an automated tool developed for analysing standard security protocols. As an application, we analyse several distance bounding pro- tocols, as well as a contactless payment protocol.
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Public Economy and Public Choice : Theory and Experiments

Using data covering 3 election moments (1988-2000) for 294 Flemish municipalities we examine whether the decision to cut tariffs before elections depends on the government’s expectations of staying into office. Election moments are central to both the political budget cycle literature and the strategic debt models. The combination of both theories could suggest that, at least in theory, both winning and loosing governments seem to benefit from preelectoral tariff reductions and as such we expect to find a great many municipalities to engage into tariff cuts. The dataset however shows this is clearly not the case. We argue that the differences in the fiscal policy reaction of governments facing elections might have to do with their expectations of staying into office. In our analysis we make the decision to change tariffs dependent on the expected vote percentage of the government party (parties). As we do not possess reliable ex ante data on the perceived re-election probability, we estimate a vote-function to predict the percentage of votes. Our analysis shows that tariff reductions in election years are more prone when governments expect not to reach majority again in next elections. Key-words : tax policy, political budget cycles, strategic debt, vote-function, local government
Pregnancy, motherhood, and HIV infection in adolescence are events with relevant biological, psychological, and social implications for mothers, their babies, and families. Our study aimed to identify protective factors of the experience of pregnancy and motherhood among young mothers

Pregnancy, motherhood, and HIV infection in adolescence are events with relevant biological, psychological, and social implications for mothers, their babies, and families. Our study aimed to identify protective factors of the experience of pregnancy and motherhood among young mothers living with HIV, highlighting similarities and differences. A mixed methods multiple-case study was conducted with 3 young primiparous mothers (ages 17 to 19 years), whose babies were 4 to 6 months old. Participants were recruited from specialized care services in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Data were collected using social support and adherence-to-treatment questionnaires and a semi-structured interview. The following protective factors were identified: positive feelings about motherhood, positive assessments of received care and couple relationships, disclosure of HIV diagnosis to family members, family support, and accountability for infant care. Longitudinal studies would enhance the understanding of these factors, particularly if carried out with adolescents of different ages and focused on coping strategies. Key-words: adolescence, HIV, motherhood, nursing, pregnancy, protective factors
Phase-fi eld approach for stress-and temperature-induced phase transformations that satis fi es lattice instability conditions . Part 2 . simulations of phase transformations

A complete system of equations of the advanced phase-field theory for martensitic phase transformations (PTs) under a general stress tensor is presented. Theory includes a fully geometrically nonlinear formulation for the general case of finite elastic and transformational strains as well as anisotropic and different elastic properties of phases. Material parameters are calibrated, in particular, based on the crystal lattice instability conditions from atomistic simulations for martensitic PTs between cubic Si I and tetragonal Si II phases under complex triaxial compression-tension loading. A finite element algorithm and numerical procedure is developed and implemented in the code deal.II. Various 3D problems on lattice instabilities and following nanostructure evolution in single-crystal silicon are solved for compression in one direction under lateral stresses and analyzed. Strong effects of the stress states and local stress hysteresis on the interface width and nanostructure evolution are presented. In particular, the interface width diverges when lateral stress tends to the region in which instability stresses for direct and reverse PTs coincide. Direct and reverse transformations both occur in the unique homogeneous way without hysteresis, energy dissipation, and damage due to internal elastic stresses. Stress fields within a sample and especially within interfaces are determined and their effect on the nanostructure evolution is analyzed. Problems with definition of the elastic interfacial tension (stress) are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the instability stresses for initiation of the PTs are independent of the prescribed stress measure; however, this does not mean that PT will be completed at such stresses.
Molecular differentiation of Entamoeba Spp. isolated from Cameroonian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and uninfected patient

Entamoeba histolytica is an utmost important cause of dysentery. Entamoeba spp. has been frequently reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. Routine microscopic examination of stool sample is a most widely used technique but microscopy alone has low sensitivity and it is insufficient for differentiation among Entamoeba spp. Molecular techniques are newer methods which are currently used for the identification of Entamoeba spp. The present study was planned to differentiate the Entamoeba species by gene sequencing for the confirmation of microscopic findings in stool samples of HIV positive and negative patients of Cameroon. Out of 265 patients diagnosed microscopically for Entamoeba, 90 positive stool samples (28 from HIV patients) were collected and studied for the differentiation of Entamoeba species. DNA was extracted from infested stool samples and used to amplify a part of the genus Entamoeba small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) as well as the serine rich E. histolytica protein gene and chitinase gene. The SSU rDNA were sequenced to identify the other species that could not be done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for the differentiation of E. histolytica from Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii. Sequence analysis identified seven different species of Entamoeba which were related to Entamoeba; E. histolytica (28.7%), E. dispar (25%), E. moshkovskii (10%), Escherichia coli (16.3%), Entamoeba hartmanni (6.2%), Entamoeba polecki (11.3%) and Entamoeba struthionis (7.5%), with the higher prevalence of E. histolytica among HIV infected patients than uninfected individuals. The phylogenetic analysis within the sequences of E. histolytica isolates suggested two distinguishable variants present among Cameroonian HIV patients. There is a possibility that specific genotypes may be more prevalent among HIV positive patients, and molecular diagnosis is important in establishing the correct diagnosis of amoebic dysentery. Key words: Entanoeba spp, HIV/AIDS, gene sequencing, Cameroon.
Determinants of Economic Growth: A Bayesian Model Averaging

The paper estimates the economic growth determinants across 72 countries using a Bayesian Model Averaging. Unlike the other studies we include debt to GDP ratio as an explanatory variable among 29 growth determinants. For given values of the other variables debt to GDP ratio up to the threshold level is positively related with the growth rate. The coefficient on the ratio has nearly 0.8 posterior inclusion probability suggesting that debt to GDP ratio is an important long term growth determinant. We find that the initial level of GDP, life expectancy and equipment investments have a strong effect on the GDP per capita growth rate together with the debt to GDP ratio. JEL Classification C11, C15, E01, E22, F43, H63, O47
OULU BUSINESS SCHOOL

The study focuses on internationalization of firms from emerging economies using network perspective. This research was undertaken as a systematic literature review process. The data search was conducted using databases from EBSCOhost, SAGE Journals, and Google Scholar. In total, to answer the research questions, 24 articles were chosen for the literature review study. The literature review revealed that network forms available to emerging economies firms are personal contacts, business relations, and institutional network. Each type of network performs specific functions; institutions contribute to international marketing, personal contacts promote research and development, and business relations serve as introducers, contributing to the establishment of multinational partnership. The findings of this study that are based on the theoretical framework and literature review can be summarized into three main propositions; P1. ) The internationalization of emerging economy companies is strongly influenced by the networks P2. ) Firms from emerging economies primarily use their network ties to gain knowledge of the foreign market and make market selection decisions. P3. ) The choice of network form differs in various cultural contexts. The first two proposition provides answer to this study research whereas the third preposition contributes to the theory in general level. It shows the connection between culture, networks and emerging economy firms internationalization. This thesis also contributes to the current literature of the emerging economies firms by providing an accessible summary of studies on network internationalization of firm from emerging economies. Entrepreneurs from emerging economies will benefit from knowing how to draw up a potential list of international markets and navigate international network partnerships in terms of management consequences. Particularly essential to the governments and institutions of emerging economies is the interpretation of this study.
Deficiency in mTORC 1-controlled C / EBP beta-mRNA translation improves metabolic health in mice

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of physiological adaptations in response to changes in nutrient supply. Major downstream targets of mTORC1 signalling are the mRNA translation regulators p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1p70) and the 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). However, little is known about vertebrate mRNAs that are specifically controlled by mTORC1 signalling and are engaged in regulating mTORC1-associated physiology. Here, we show that translation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPb) mRNA into the C/EBPb-LIP isoform is suppressed in response to mTORC1 inhibition either through pharmacological treatment or through calorie restriction. Our data indicate that the function of 4E-BPs is required for suppression of LIP. Intriguingly, mice lacking the cis-regulatory upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the C/EBPb-mRNA, which is required for mTORC1-stimulated translation into C/EBPb-LIP, display an improved metabolic phenotype with features also found under calorie restriction. Thus, our data suggest that translational adjustment of C/EBPb-isoform expression is one of the key processes that direct metabolic adaptation in response to changes in mTORC1 activity.
Incumbents ? incentive and opportunity to innovate : Large car manufacturers in the market for electric vehicles

This paper focuses on the assets obtained by large car manufacturers in the field of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and on the strategies of these manufacturers to introduce EVs into the market. We analyze how regulatory developments and the incentive and opportunity to innovate affect EV sales over the period 1990-2011. The incentive to innovate is measured by the net income of firms in the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV) regime, whereas the opportunity to innovate is measured by the firms? asset position, which is derived from a combination of patent, partnership and prototype data. During the R&D period in the 1990s, large car manufacturers that were regulated by a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate developed a significantly stronger asset position than firms not falling under this mandate. Despite their stronger opportunity to innovate, these firms did not sell significantly more EVs. During the commercialization period (2007-2011), large car manufacturers with both a strong incentive and a strong opportunity to innovate, i.e. firms that sold little ICEVs and had a strong EV asset position, sold significantly more EVs. On the basis of these quantitative analyses of asset positions and EV sales, this paper offers a typology of market strategies.
Study the effect of plastic waste on strength of concrete

In this era of Global Warming, the increase in plastic waste has become a major concern in our society. The influence of plastic waste can be minimized by using them in the concrete. The plastic can lead to the increment in the strength of the mix. The objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of using waste plastic as the fine aggregate replacement in concrete mixtures. The compressive and tensile strengths of various concrete specimens were tested to determine how the replacement of fine aggregate by plastic waste would affect the development of strength in the mixes. For different plastics, the different methodology was taken into the consideration. For plastic bottle mix concrete, the size of the bottle had an impact on strength. Both the strength, i.e., compressive and tensile increased due to it. By using the plastic bag and seat, the compressive strength decreases while tensile strength increases while by using PVC in concrete, both the strength increases. The 10% replacement level only showed a 15% loss of compressive strength at 28 days compared to the control. Despite being much weaker in compression, the tensile strength test showed that 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements were stronger in tension compared to the control.
Innovation and competition

This article investigates the relationship between product market competition and innovation. We find a negative and significant impact of competition on resources devoted to innovation activities, but a strong evidence of a positive and significant effect of competition on the efficiency of innovation expenditures using micro-level data from Uruguay. Moreover, we find that this effect is not negligible. An increase in one standard deviation (sd) in competition increases the efficiency in innovation expenditures between 1.0 sd and 2.5 sd depending on the measure of efficiency. Our finding has important implications for antitrust policy: as competition increases, resources devoted to innovation activities become more efficient. JEL Classification Numbers: L10;L12