Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Feedforward Compensation for Stability Enhancement in Droop-Controlled Inverter-Based Microgrids

This paper proposes an adaptive feedforward compensation that alters the dynamic coupling between a distributed-resource unit and the host microgrid, so that the robustness of the system stability to droop coefficients and network dynamic uncertainties is enhanced. The proposed feedforward strategy preserves the steady-state effect that the conventional droop mechanism exhibits and, therefore, does not compromise the steady-state power sharing regime of the microgrid or the voltage/frequency regulation. The feedforward compensation is adaptive as it is modified periodically according to the system steady-state operating point which, in turn, is estimated through an online recursive least-square estimation technique. This paper presents a discrete-time mathematical model and analytical framework for the proposed feedforward compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed control is demonstrated through time-domain simulation studies, in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment, conducted on a detailed switched model of a sample two-unit microgrid.
The LEM Domain Proteins Emerin and LAP2α Are Dispensable for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Murine Leukemia Virus Infections

ABSTRACT The human nuclear envelope proteins emerin and lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α) have been proposed to aid in the early replication steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and murine leukemia virus (MLV). However, whether these factors are essential for HIV-1 or MLV infection has been questioned. Prior studies in which conflicting results were obtained were highly dependent on RNA interference-mediated gene silencing. To shed light on these contradictory results, we examined whether HIV-1 or MLV could infect primary cells from mice deficient for emerin, LAP2α, or both emerin and LAP2α. We observed HIV-1 and MLV infectivity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from emerin knockout, LAP2α knockout, or emerin and LAP2α double knockout mice to be comparable in infectivity to wild-type littermate-derived MEFs, indicating that both emerin and LAP2α were dispensable for HIV-1 and MLV infection of dividing, primary mouse cells. Because emerin has been suggested to be important for infection of human macrophages by HIV-1, we also examined HIV-1 transduction of macrophages from wild-type mice or knockout mice, but again we did not observe a difference in susceptibility. These findings prompted us to reexamine the role of human emerin in supporting HIV-1 and MLV infection. Notably, both viruses efficiently infected human cells expressing high levels of dominant-negative emerin. We thus conclude that emerin and LAP2α are not required for the early replication of HIV-1 and MLV in mouse or human cells.
Genetic Consequences of Domestication and Mass Rearing of Pest Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)

ABSTRACT Tephritid fruit flies, an important pest of horticulture worldwide, are increasingly targeted for control or eradication by large-scale releases of sterile flies of the same species. For each species treated, strains must be domesticated for mass rearing to provide sufficiently large numbers of individuals for releases. Increases in productivity of domesticated tephritid strains are well documented, but there have been few systematic studies of the genetic consequences of domestication in tephritids. Here, we used nine DNA microsatellite markers to monitor changes in genetic diversity during the early generations of domestication in replicated lines of the fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae). The observed changes in heterozygosity and allelic richness were compared with the expected changes in heterozygosity generated by a stochastic simulation including genetic drift but not selection. The results showed that repeatable genetic bottlenecks occur in the early generations and that selection occurs in the later generations. Furthermore, using the same simulation, we show that there is inadvertent selection for increased productivity for the entire life on a mass-rearing colony, in addition to intentional selection for increased productivity. That additional selection results from the common practice of establishing the next generation of the breeding colony from a small proportion of one day's pupae collection (the pupal raffle). That selection occurs during all generations and acts only on fecundity variation. Practical methods to counter that unavoidable loss of genetic diversity during the domestication process in B. tryoni are discussed.
Mediating toxic emotions in the workplace--the impact of abusive supervision.

AIM This study explores whether abusive supervision can effectively predict employees' counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and the role of toxic emotions at work as a potential mediator of these relationships in nursing settings. BACKGROUND Workplace bullying is widespread in nursing. Despite the growing literature on abusive supervision and employees' counterproductive work behaviour and organisational citizenship behaviour, few studies have examined the relationships between abusive supervision and these work behaviours from the viewpoint of the victimed employee's emotion process. METHODS This study adopted a two-stage survey of 212 nurses, all of whom were employed by hospitals in Taiwan. Hypotheses were tested through the use of hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS The results showed that abusive supervision was positively associated with toxic emotions. Moreover, toxic emotions could effectively predict nurses' counterproductive work behaviour and organisational citizenship behaviour. Finally, it was found that toxic emotions partially mediated the negative effects of abusive supervision on both work behaviours. CONCLUSION Toxic emotions at work are a critical mediating variable between abusive supervision and both counterproductive work behaviour and organisational citizenship behaviour. Hospital administrators can implement policies designed to manage events effectively that can spark toxic emotions in their employees. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Work empowerment may be an effective way to reduce counterproductive work behaviour and to enhance organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses when supervisors do not promote a healthy work environment for them.
Persistence of HIV-associated cognitive impairment, inflammation, and neuronal injury in era of highly active antiretroviral treatment

Objective:To determine whether cognitive impairment and brain injury as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) persist in the setting of HAART. Design:This study is an observational cohort study. Methods:MRS was performed in 268 patients: HIV-negative controls (N = 28), HIV-positive neuroasymptomatic individuals (N = 124), and individuals with AIDS dementia complex (ADC; N = 50) on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a mean duration of infection of 12 years and CD4 cell count of 309 cells/μl. Four metabolites were measured over creatine: N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), marker of neuronal integrity; choline (Cho), myoinositol, markers of inflammation, and glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in the basal ganglia, frontal white matter (FWM), and mid-frontal cortex. Analyses included analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, linear, and nonparametric regression models. Results:Cognitive impairment was found in 48% of HIV-infected individuals. Both HIV-positive groups showed significant increases in myoinositol/creatine or Cho/creatine in all brain regions when compared to controls; a significant decrease in Glx/creatine in the FWM was observed in the neuroasymptomatic group; and only individuals with ADC showed a significant reduction in NAA/creatine, although a significant trend for decreasing NAA/creatine in the basal ganglia was found across the groups. Effects related to aging and duration of infection, but not central nervous system penetration effectiveness were observed. Conclusion:Brain inflammatory changes remain ubiquitous among HIV-infected individuals, whereas neuronal injury occurs predominantly in those with cognitive impairment. Together these findings indicate that despite the widespread use of HAART, HIV-associated cognitive impairment and brain injury persist in the setting of chronic and stable disease.
Effects of pacing strategy on work done above critical power during high-intensity exercise.

PURPOSE We investigated the influence of pacing strategy on the work completed above critical power (CP) before exhaustion (W>CP) and the peak V˙O2 attained during high-intensity cycling. METHODS After the determination of VO(2max) from a ramp incremental cycling (INC) test and the estimation of the parameters of the power-duration relationship for high-intensity exercise (i.e., CP and W') from a 3-min all-out cycling test (AOT), eight male subjects completed a cycle test to exhaustion at a severe-intensity constant work rate (CWR) estimated to result in exhaustion in 3 min and a self-paced 3-min cycling time trial (SPT). RESULTS The VO(2max) determined from INC was 4.24 ± 0.69 L · min(-1), and the CP and the W' estimated from AOT were 260 ± 60 W and 16.5 ± 4.0 kJ, respectively. W>CP during SPT was not significantly different from W>CP during CWR (15.3 ± 5.6 and 16.6 ± 7.4 kJ, respectively), and these values were also similar to W(>CP) during INC (16.4 ± 4.0 kJ) and W' estimated from AOT. The peak VO(2) during SPT was not significantly different from peak VO(2) during CWR (4.20 ± 0.77 and 4.14 ± 0.75 L · min(-1), respectively), and these values were similar to the VO(2max) determined from INC and the peak VO(2) during AOT (4.10 ± 0.79 L · min(-1)). CONCLUSION Exhaustion during high-intensity exercise coincides with the achievement of the same peak VO2 (VO(2max)) and the completion of the same W>CP, irrespective of the work rate forcing function (INC or CWR) or pacing strategy (enforced pace or self-paced). These findings indicate that exhaustion during high-intensity exercise is based on highly predictable physiological processes, which are unaffected when pacing strategy is self-selected.
The Eagle Tactical Athlete Program Reduces Musculoskeletal Injuries in the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault).

UNLABELLED The Eagle Tactical Athlete Program (ETAP) was scientifically developed for the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) to counter unintentional musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs). PURPOSE To determine if ETAP would reduce unintentional MSIs in a group of 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Soldiers. METHODS ETAP-trained noncommissioned led physical training. 1,720 Soldiers were enrolled (N = 1,136 experimental group [EXP], N = 584 control group [CON]) with injuries tracked before and after initiation of ETAP. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were analyzed and described the anatomic locations, anatomic sub-locations, onset, and injury types. McNemar tests compared the proportions of injured subjects within each group. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the proportion of Soldiers with preventable MSIs in the EXP (pre: 213/1,136 (18.8%), post: 180/1,136 (15.8%), p = 0.041) but not in the CON. In addition, there was a significant reduction in stress fractures in the EXP (pre: 14/1,136 (1.2%), post: 5/1,136 (0.4%), p = 0.022) but no significant differences in the CON. CONCLUSION The current analysis demonstrated that ETAP reduces preventable MSIs in garrison. The capability of ETAP to reduce injuries confirms the vital role of a scientifically designed training program on force readiness and health.
Identification of Gram-negative non-fermenters and oxidase-positive fermenters by the Oxi/Ferm Tube

Since the recent introduction of the Roche Oxi/Ferm Tube to the UK two identification schemes have been developed by the manufacturer for use with the kit. We evaluated the success of these two schemes in identifying 222 predominantly culture collection strains belonging to 45 taxa of non-fermenters and nine taxa of oxidase-positive fermenters. The strains were chosen to represent all the taxa included in the two identification schemes developed by the manufacturer and we have therefore been able to assess the overall success of identification by the two schemes. Since, however, our choice of strains does not reflect their incidence in clinical material, our identification rates are not necessarily those that might be obtained in a routine clinical laboratory. The most advanced identification scheme so far developed for the Oxi/Ferm Tube (CCIS System 1977-1432) allowed 62% of the 222 strains to be correctly identified although a disturbing feature was that more of the strains that were not correctly identified were incorrectly identified (24%) rather than not identified (14%); these figures represent an improvement over the earlier identification scheme (CCIS System 1976-621-74346) for which the corresponding figures were 56%, 32%, and 12%. CCIS System 1977-1432 seems likely to give a better performance in a routine clinical laboratory than in this study since for those taxa which, we would judge from the material sent to us for identification, are most commonly seen in a routine laboratory (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, A. lwoffii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. maltophilia, P. pseudoalcaligenes, and P. putida) 89% were correctly identified, none remained unidentified, and 11% were incorrectly identified. Thirty strains, each of a different taxon, were tested in triplicate to assess the reproducibility of reactions in the Oxi/Ferm Tube.
The Correlation Between Skull Fractures and Intracranial Lesions Due To Traffic Accidents

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between skull fractures and intracranial lesions following head injury. For this purpose, 500 cases, which were referred to the Third Committee of Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul due to traffic accidents by the courts of laws between 1998 and 2000, were examined retrospectively. They were categorized in 3 groups based on findings of their cranium x-rays and brain tomographies. 1- The cases who have fractures in skull bones with brain lesions 2- The cases who have fractures in skull bones with no brain lesions 3- The cases who have brain lesions with no skull fractures. They were examined in detail according to age, sex, localization of skull fractures and brain lesions, and if surgery was applied or not.Of the cases, 152 (30.4%) had only linear fractures, 69 (13.8%) had depressed fractures, 92 (18.4%) had linear fractures plus intracranial lesions, 49 (9.8%) had depressed fractures plus intracranial lesions and 138 (27.6%) had only intracranial lesions. The rate of intracranial lesion among the cases with the skull fracture was 38.9% (141/362), while the rate of skull fracture among the cases with the intracranial lesion was 50.3% (141/279) (P < 0.001). Male to female ratios were 2.4/1 for linear fractures, 5.2/1 for depressed fractures, and 3.5/1 for intracranial lesions. Linear fractures were more frequent among females whereas depressed fractures were often among males (&khgr;2: 9.68, df: 4, p: 0.046). The mean age was 26.3. The rate of depressed fractures was higher the age groups of 0–30 years. (&khgr;2: 16.28, df: 4, p: 0.003). Depressed fractures in the regions of frontal and parietal and, linear fracture in the regions of temporal and occipital were found at higher rates (P < 0.001). In conclusion, we reviewed skull fractures and/or intracranial lesions due to traffic accidents, and found depressed fractures to be more common among males whereas linear fractures to be more common among females and young males. In the male, the skull architecture is thicker and stronger than females and young males. We can state that presence of skull fractures lowers the incidence of intracranial lesions by lowering the intracranial pressure.
Effect of long-term food restriction on cardiac mechanics.

Food restriction (FR) is the only known intervention capable of increasing mammalian life span. It not only increases longevity, but reduces the incidence of a broad spectrum of age-related pathologies, including cardiomyopathy, and retards the physiological decline associated with aging. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that long-term FR affects the contractile machinery of the heart, shifting the cardiac myosin profile from the fast, V1 isoform to the slow, V3 isoform. The aim of the present study was to determine whether FR also induces changes in cardiac mechanics. Isolated, isovolumically beating hearts were examined from four groups of rats: 1) ad libitum-fed rats killed at 10-13 mo of age, 2) FR rats offered only 60% of the calories consumed by ad libitum-fed rats and killed at the same age, 3) young ad libitum-fed rats having the same heart weights as the FR rats, and 4) ad libitum-fed rats subjected to short-term FR, i.e., for the last 3 wk of life, and also killed at 10-13 mo of age. Both short- and long-term FR profoundly and to approximately the same extent affected cardiac mechanics. Hearts from FR rats developed much higher pressures than hearts from the ad libitum-fed rats under conditions of low-calcium perfusate. This difference disappeared, however, when contractility was enhanced by either calcium or isoproterenol. FR prolonged both contraction and relaxation times. Long-term ad libitum-fed rats (adult, 10-13 mo of age) had a lower isoproterenol sensitivity than the young ad libitum-fed rats (10 wk of age). Both short- and long-term FR restored the sensitivity to isoproterenol. In summary, FR profoundly affects many aspects of cardiac mechanics, enhancing some age-related changes (prolongation of the contraction and relaxation times), attenuating another (increasing the isoproterenol sensitivity), and, finally, inducing some unique changes unrelated to age (increased pressure development under low-calcium perfusate).
Physical activity and risk for lung cancer in a Danish cohort

Physical activity might reduce the risk for lung cancer by various mechanisms, but the evidence is inconclusive. We therefore examined the relationship between physical activity and risk for lung cancer in a large population‐based Danish cohort with detailed information about number of hours per week spent on specific physical activities as well as lifetime smoking patterns. Between 1993 and 1997, a total of 57,053 persons aged 50–64 years agreed to participate in the cohort. After exclusions of persons with cancer diagnosis before invitation and persons for whom data regarding study variables were missing, 26,070 men and 28,352 women remained for study. By 31 December 2002, lung cancer had been diagnosed in 194 men and 175 women. A questionnaire registered average number of hours per week spent on each of 6 types of leisure time physical activity. Level of occupational physical activity was registered in 5 categories. Cox's proportional hazard model stratified according to age at entry (1‐year intervals) was adjusted for smoking, school education, possible occupational exposure to lung carcinogens and intake of fruit and vegetables. No significant association was found between number of hours per week spent on 6 types of physical activity during leisure time and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for lung cancer. For each type of activity, the IRR of lung cancer was lower for active compared to nonactive women, whereas for men lower IRRs were only observed for sports and gardening. Higher levels of occupational physical activity had no protective effect; the lowest IRR was found for sitting work. Our study shows no convincing protective effect of physical activity on lung cancer risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examples and non-examples of integral categories and the admissible intersection property

Integral categories form a sub-class of pre-abelian categories whose systematic study was initiated by Rump in 2001. In the first part of this article we determine whether several categories of topological and bornological vector spaces are integral. Moreover, we establish that the class of integral categories is not contained in the class of quasi-abelian categories. In the last part of the article we show that a category is quasi-abelian if and only if it has admissible intersections, in the sense considered recently by Brustle, Hassoun and Tattar. This exhibits that a rich class of non-abelian categories having this property arises naturally in functional analysis.
The significance of electrocardiographic late potentials: predictors of ventricular tachycardia.

Cardiac late potentials are observed by using a high-resolution, computer-processed ECG that can detect very low-level signals not seen with standard ECG techniques. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that patients with low-level signals after the QRS complexes (late potentials) are at much higher risk of ventricular tachycardia and sudden death following myocardial infarction. Other clinical populations have been studied, e.g. those with syncope, coronary reperfusion, and cardiomyopathy, with varying degrees of success in predicting ventricular tachycardia.
A bacteriological survey of the domestic environment.

The results of a survey of the bacterial flora in many sites in 21 homes are discussed. In all areas both wet and dry, coagulase negative, Gram positive cocci and Bacillus spp. were found. Wet areas such as kitchen sinks and drains contained large numbers of Escherichia coli and sometimes Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter and Enterobacter spp. In toilet areas, little evidence was found of contamination with organisms of faecal origin. Of 47 samples taken from teacloths and towels 22 were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus although the actual numbers of this organism were low. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from several sites in one home only.
Florfenicol concentrations in milk of lactating cows postreated by intramuscular or intramammary routes Concentraciones de florfenicol en leche de vacas en lactancia postratamiento por vía intramuscular o intramamaria

Objective. To determine the florfenicol concentration in bovine milk after intramuscular or intramammary administration to establish the optimum withdrawal time, therapeutic efficacy, and its influence on milk yield. Materials and method. Twelve healthy lactating Holstein cows were selected from the University of Antioquia’s teaching dairy herd (Colombia), were randomly assigned to a control (n=6) group or florfenicol (n=6) group that received 20 mg/kg of florfenicol by intramammary and intramuscular routes, with a 15 days washout period between treatments. Results. The Tmax and Cmax for the intramuscular route were 6 hours and 2.86 mg/L respectively. The Tmax and Cmax for the intramammary route, were estimated at 0 hour and about 20000 mg/L respectively by extrapolated from regression line. The florfenicol elimination phase in milk had an average half-life of elimination (t½) of 19.8 hours and 4.9 hours for intramuscular and intramammary administration, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy only was reached by intramammary route, when minimal inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of florfenicol by Stahphylococcus aureus, was used as reference value. There was no statistically significant difference in milk yield between treated and non-treated cows. Conclusions. According to these results, post-treatment milk withdrawal should be no less than 3 days for intramammary administration, and at least 7 days for intramuscular administration. The therapeutic efficacy only was reached by intramammary route. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in milk yield between treated and nontreated cows.