Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It is elemental: soil nutrient stoichiometry drives bacterial diversity

It is well established that resource quantity and elemental stoichiometry play major roles in shaping below and aboveground plant biodiversity, but their importance for shaping microbial diversity in soil remains unclear. Here, we used statistical modeling on a regional database covering 179 locations and six ecosystem types across Scotland to evaluate the roles of total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availabilities and ratios, together with land use, climate and biotic and abiotic factors, in determining regional scale patterns of soil bacterial diversity. We found that bacterial diversity and composition were primarily driven by variation in soil resource stoichiometry (total C:N:P ratios), itself linked to different land uses, and secondarily driven by other important biodiversity drivers such as climate, soil spatial heterogeneity, soil pH, root influence (plant-soil microbe interactions) and microbial biomass (soil microbe-microbe interactions). In aggregate, these findings provide evidence that nutrient stoichiometry is a strong predictor of bacterial diversity and composition at a regional scale.
Klystron development by TETD

This article describes recent development status of klystrons and input couplers for high-power RF accelerator systems including a 324-MHz and a 972-MHz klystrons for J-PARC, 1.3-GHz vertical and horizontal MBKs for DESY and a 1.3-GHz TTF-type input coupler for EURO-XFEL. Development of a 5-GHz, 500-kW CW klystron for KSTAR and a 170-GHz quasi CW gyrotron for ITER are also presented as an application to fusion experimental devices.
The Relation Between Culture and Response Styles

The authors investigated at the country level the effects of four cultural orientations identified and studied by Hofstede on two commonly recognized response biases: extreme response style and acquiescent responding. Data are presented from approximately 18,000 survey questionnaires completed by employees in 19 nations on five continents (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, Malaysia, Portugal, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Hong Kong, France, and Italy). Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to examine the associations between person-level response styles and country-level cultural orientations. Consistent with theoretical expectations, power distance and masculinity were found to be positively and independently associated with extreme response style. Individualism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity were each found to be negatively associated with acquiescent response behavior. Further research is needed to identify how question characteristics might interact with cultural orientations to influence response behavior.
Fluoride Release from CaF2 and Enamel Demineralization

The anticaries effect of professional fluoride (F) application has been attributed to calcium-fluoride-like deposits (CaF2) formed on enamel, but this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that CaF2 formed on plaque-free enamel by F application would reduce enamel demineralization due to the increase of F availability in fluid of subsequently formed plaque. We created distinct levels of CaF2 on enamel to evaluate a dose-response effect. Enamel blocks were mounted in contact with a S. mutans test plaque and used in situ by 10 volunteers. F released to the fluid phase of this substrate (“plaque fluid”) was measured before a cariogenic challenge. “Plaque fluid” F concentration was highly correlated to the enamel CaF2 concentration (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and to consequent enamel demineralization (r = −0.75, p < 0.001). The results suggest that F released to plaque fluid from CaF2 formed on enamel may play a significant role in the anticaries effect of professionally applied F agents.
Interferometric noise penalty in 10-Gb/s Ethernet LAN links

The penalty due to interferometric noise in 10-Gb/s Ethernet, single-mode fiber, local area network links is evaluated as a function of receiver and transmitter return losses and other link parameters. Robust link operation was experimentally observed and theoretically confirmed with 12-dB return losses for both the receiver and transmitter and modulation extinction ratios greater than 3 dB, consistent with a low-cost objective.
Lithium poisoning in the intensive care unit: predictive factors of severity and indications for extracorporeal toxin removal to improve outcome

Abstract Context: Lithium is responsible for life-threatening poisoning, not consistently improved by extracorporeal toxin removal (ECTR). Objective: Our aim was to identify predictive factors on admission of poisoning severity and based on an evaluation of practice, report indications for ECTR susceptible to improve outcome Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including all lithium-poisoned patients admitted to the ICU in a university hospital. The usual clinical, biological and toxicological variables were collected. Poisoning severity was defined by seizures, catecholamine infusion, mechanical ventilation >48 h and/or fatality. Univariate followed by multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify prognosticators of poisoning severity and ECTR use. Results: From 1992 to 2013, 128 lithium-poisoned patients including acutely (10%), acute-on-chronically (63%) and chronically poisoned patients (27%) were included. The presumed ingested dose of lithium was 17.0 g [8.0–24.5] (median [25th–75th percentiles]). Serum lithium concentrations were 2.6 mmol/l [1.5–4.6], 2.8 mmol/l [1.8–4.5] and 2.8 mmol/l [2.1–3.0] on admission, peaking at 3.6 mmol/l [2.6; 6.2], 4.3 mmol/l [2.4; 6.2] and 2.8 mmol/l [2.1; 3.1] in the three groups, respectively. Severe poisoning occurred in 48 patients (38%) including four fatalities. Using the regression analysis, predictive factors of poisoning severity were Glasgow coma score ≤10 (Odds ratio (OR), 11.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), [4.1–33.3], p < 0.0001) and lithium concentration ≥5.2 mmol/l (OR, 6.0; CI, [1.7–25.5], p = 0.005). Ninety-eight patients (77%) developed acute kidney injury according to KDIGO criteria and 22 (17%) were treated with ECTR. Peak lithium concentration ≥5.2 mmol/l (OR, 22.4; CI, [6.4–96.4]; p < 0.0001) and peak creatinine concentration ≥200 μmol/l (OR, 5.0; CI, [1.4–19.2]; p = 0.01) were associated with ECTR use. Only 21/46 patients who presented one of these two criteria were actually treated with ECTR. More significant neurological impairment persisted on discharge in patients not treated with ECTR (p = 0.0007) despite not significantly shorter length of ICU stay. Conclusions: Lithium poisoning is responsible for severe impairments but rare fatalities. Severity can be predicted on admission using Glasgow coma score and lithium concentration. Our results suggest that ECTR could be indicated if serum lithium ≥5.2 mmol/l or creatinine ≥200 μmol/l.
Therapeutic Effects of Ficus Carica Leaves: A Brief Review

Ficus Carica would be the first grown tree in food history. The fig is one of the first fruits to be dried and preserved by humans. Different parts of Ficus Carica including its leaves have been used in some traditional medicine systems to treat various ailments. The aim of this review is to go through the current research on the pharmacological effects of fig leaves.
Why Autobiographical Memories for Traumatic and Emotional Events Might Differ: Theoretical Arguments and Empirical Evidence

ABSTRACT. The authors review five arguments supporting the hypothesis that memories for traumatic and nontraumatic emotional events should be considered as qualitatively different recollections. The first argument considers the objective features of traumatic and emotional events and their possible influence on the formation of memories for these events. The second argument assumes that traumatic memories distinguish from emotional ones as trauma exposure is often associated with the development of psychological disorders involving memory disturbances. The third argument is that traumatic experiences are more likely than emotional experiences to be forgotten and recovered. The fourth argument concerns the possibility that emotional memories are socially shared more frequently than traumatic memories. A fifth argument suggests that trauma exposure may impair selected brain systems implicated in memory functions. Theoretical and empirical evidence supporting these claims is reviewed. In the conclusions, the authors illustrate future research directions and discuss some conceptual issues related to the definitions of traumatic event currently employed by memory researchers.
Racial disparities in preterm birth rates and short inter‐pregnancy interval: an overview

Objective. We seek to expand on a biopsychosocial framework underlying the etiology of excess preterm birth experienced by African‐American women by exploring short inter‐pregnancy intervals as a partial explanatory factor. Design. We conducted a qualitative analyses of published studies that met specified criteria for assessing the association of inter‐pregnancy interval and preterm birth. Methods. We determine whether inter‐pregnancy interval is associated with preterm birth, what the underlying causal mechanism may be, whether African‐American women are more likely than Caucasian women to have short intervals, and whether achieving an optimal interval will result in reduced African‐American–Caucasian gap in preterm births. Main Outcome Measures. Crude and adjusted odds ratios for preterm birth, with the referent group being the interval closest to the ‘ideal’ of 18–23 months and the exposed group having intervals <12 months or some subset of that inter‐pregnancy interval. Results. Inter‐pregnancy interval less than six months increases preterm birth by about 40%. The mechanism may be through failure to replenish maternal nutritional stores. While there may not be an interaction between race and short inter‐pregnancy interval, short intervals can explain about 4% of the African‐American–Caucasian gap in preterm birth because African‐American women are approximately 1.8 times as likely to have inter‐pregnancy intervals of less than six months. Limited studies indicate that optimal intervals can be achieved through appropriate counseling and health care. Conclusions. Excess risk for preterm birth may be reduced by up to 8% among African‐Americans and up to 4% among Caucasians through increasing inter‐pregnancy intervals to the optimal length of 18–23 months.
cDNA microarray analysis of bovine embryo gene expression profiles during the preimplantation period

Background: After fertilization, embryo development involves differentiation, as well as development of the fetal body and extra-embryonic tissues until the moment of implantation. During this period various cellular and molecular changes take place with a genetic origin, e.g. the elongation of embryonic tissues, cell-cell contact between the mother and the embryo and placentation. To identify genetic profiles and search for new candidate molecules involved during this period, embryonic gene expression was analyzed with a custom designed utero-placental complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray. Methods: Bovine embryos on days 7, 14 and 21, extra-embryonic membranes on day 28 and fetuses on days 28 were collected to represent early embryo, elongating embryo, pre-implantation embryo, post-implantation extra-embryonic membrane and fetus, respectively. Gene expression at these different time points was analyzed using our cDNA microarray. Two clustering algorithms such as k-means and hierarchical clustering methods identified the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes across pre-implantation period. Novel candidate genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Results: In total, 1,773 individual genes were analyzed by complete k-means clustering. Comparison of day 7 and day 14 revealed most genes increased during this period, and a small number of genes exhibiting altered expression decreased as gestation progressed. Clustering analysis demonstrated that trophoblast-cell-specific molecules such as placental lactogens (PLs), prolactin-related proteins (PRPs), interferon-tau, and adhesion molecules apparently all play pivotal Published: 24 November 2004 Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2004, 2:77 doi:10.1186/1477-7827-2-77 Received: 23 September 2004 Accepted: 24 November 2004 This article is available from: http://www.rbej. com/content/2/1/77 © 2004 Ushizawa et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation of hepatocyte HBsAg expression with virus replication and liver pathology

To elucidate the biologic significance of hepatocyte HBsAg, its expression patterns were correlated with virus replication and liver pathology in 578 liver biopsies taken from chronic HBsAg carriers aged 1 to 80 years. Five major patterns of hepatocyte HBsAg were identified: homogeneous [intense and discrete, (Pattern A), faint and discrete, (Pattern B) and faint and grouped (Pattern C)]; globular or spotty (Pattern D), and marginal (Pattern E). Pattern A was always associated with viremia and also very frequently with membrane HBsAg expression, but rarely with active liver disease. It occurred most commonly in HBeAg‐positive carrier children and young adults, reflecting an early immune tolerance phase with active virus replication. Pattern B was also usually associated with viremia, but very commonly associated with active disease (70%), reflecting active virus replication with enhanced immune response. Pattern E (marginal HBsAg), which was always in group distribution resembling a clonal expansion, predominated the HBeAg‐negative phase and was associated with absence of viremia and occurred mostly in older adults with inactive bipolar disease spectrum (normal liver/mild disease or cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma); this reflects a late phase of inactive virus replication or integration. Patterns C and D did not correlate well with viremia, but also tended to have inactive diseases as did Pattern E. These findings suggest that hepatocyte HBsAg expression is closely related to the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Low-Temperature Damage and Subsequent Recovery of fab1 Mutant Arabidopsis Exposed to 2[deg]C

The fab1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which contains increased levels of saturated fatty acids, was indistinguishable from the wild type when it was grown at 22 or 12[deg]C. During the first 7 to 10 d after transfer to 2[deg]C, the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the fab1 plants remained indistinguishable from the wild type, with values for the potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II decreasing from 0.8 to 0.7 in plants of both lines. Whereas wild-type plants maintained quantum efficiency of photosystem II at approximately 0.7 for at least 35 d at 2[deg]C, this parameter declined rapidly in the mutant after 7 d and reached a value of less than 0.1 after 28 d at 2[deg]C. This decline in photosynthetic capacity was accompanied by reductions in chlorophyll content and the amount of chloroplast glycerolipids per gram of leaf. Electron microscopic examination of leaf samples revealed a rapid and extensive disruption of the thylakoid and chloroplast structure in the mutant, which is interpreted here as a form of selective autophagy. Despite the almost complete loss of photosynthetic function and the destruction of photosynthetic machinery, fab1 plants retained a substantial capacity for recovery following transfer to 22[deg]C. These results provide a further demonstration of the importance of chloroplast membrane unsaturation to the proper growth and development of plants at low temperature.
An Investigation of the Influence of the IS Context on the Determinants of Turnover Intentions in Korea

Management of IS employees' turnover has been one of the important areas of research in the IS discipline. Prior IS studies have focused on personality factors that differentiate IS personnel from non-IS personnel. Unlike prior studies, this study examines job contextual factors that may be salient in IS personnel turnover. Seven variables that have been frequently employed as determinants of turnover intention in prior studies were compared across different job contexts. These seven variables are role conflict, role ambiguity, job alternatives, interpersonal conflict with colleagues within a team, interpersonal conflict with colleagues outside a team, burnout, and career plateau. A total of 209 responses obtained from employees in different job contexts were analyzed. Interestingly, the results reveal that IS and non-IS personnel have statistically similar levels of perceptions on these variables. In addition, we investigated differences between the behavioral models of turnover intention for IS and non-IS personnel. The results indicate that role conflict and interpersonal conflict with colleagues outside a team have a higher influence on turnover intention for IS personnel compared to non-IS personnel. Based on the results, the paper discusses the implications of the findings and provides directions for future research.
Organellar proteome analyses of ricin toxin-treated HeLa cells

Apoptosis triggered by ricin toxin (RT) has previously been associated with certain cellular organellar compartments, but the diversity in the composition of the organellar proteins remains unclear. Here, we applied a shotgun proteomics strategy to examine the differential expression of proteins in the mitochondria, nuclei, and cytoplasm of HeLa cells treated and not treated with RT. Data were combined with a global bioinformatics analysis and experimental confirmations. A total of 3107 proteins were identified. Bioinformatics predictors (Proteome Analyst, WoLF PSORT, TargetP, MitoPred, Nucleo, MultiLoc, and k-nearest neighbor) and a Bayesian model that integrated these predictors were used to predict the locations of 1349 distinct organellar proteins. Our data indicate that the Bayesian model was more efficient than the individual implementation of these predictors. Additionally, a Biomolecular Interaction Network (BIN) analysis was used to identify 149 BIN subnetworks. Our experimental confirmations indicate that certain apoptosis-related proteins (e.g. cytochrome c, enolase, lamin B, Bax, and Drp1) were found to be translocated and had variable expression levels. These results provide new insights for the systematic understanding of RT-induced apoptosis responses.
Biomodel-guided stereotaxy.

OBJECTIVES To simplify the practice of stereotactic surgery by using an original method, apparatus, and solid anatomic replica for trajectory planning and to validate the method and apparatus in a laboratory and clinical trial. METHODS The patient is marked with fiducials and scanned by using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The three-dimensional data are converted to a format acceptable to stereolithography. Stereolithography uses a laser to polymerize photosensitive resin into a solid plastic model (biomodel). Stereolithography can replicate blood vessels, soft tissue, tumor, and bone accurately (<0.8 mm). A stereotactic apparatus is referenced to fiducials replicated in the biomodel. The trajectory for the intervention is determined and saved. The apparatus is attached to the patient fiducials, and the intervention is replicated. RESULTS Three types of apparatus (template, Brown-Roberts-Wells frame, and D'Urso frame) were tested on phantoms and patients requiring the excision/biopsy of tumors. The localization errors determined from the phantom studies were template, 0.82 mm; Brown-Roberts-Wells frame, 1.17 mm; and D'Urso frame, 0.89 mm. The surgeons reported that clinical use of the template and D'Urso frame was accurate and ergonomic. The Brown-Roberts-Wells frame was more difficult to use and somewhat inaccurate. CONCLUSION Biomodel-guided stereotaxy has significant advantages. It is performed quickly; it is based on simple, intuitive methodology; it enhances visualization of anatomy and trajectory planning; it enhances patient understanding; it uses inexpensive equipment; it does not require rigid head fixation; and it has greater versatility than known techniques. Disadvantages are biomodel cost and a manufacturing time of 12 to 24 hours.
Resolution of Syndrome X After Eradication of Virulent CagA-Positive Helicobacter pylori

A 42-year-old man with chest pain was found to have ST depression in leads V1 through V4. The coronary arteries appeared normal on angiography. Positive results of ventricular pacing and acetylcholine test led to a diagnosis of syndrome X. Other studies revealed gastritis due to CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori. Classic therapy for angina did not resolve chest pain, but eradication of H pylori led to disappearance of symptoms and negative test results.
Effect of early immunization on antibody response to reimmunization with measles vaccine as demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

A measles epidemic in San Antonio, Texas provided a population of children who were immunized at less than or equal to 10 months of age and reimmunized at greater than or equal to 15 months of age. Of these children, 302 were evaluated for measles antibody by the sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their responses were compared with those of 300 children who had been immunized at the customary time (greater than or equal to 15 months) with a single immunization. There were only five seronegative findings in each group. The children immunized at the customary time did have significantly higher (P less than .001) antibody titers than the children immunized at less than or equal to 10 months and reimmunized at greater than or equal to 15 months. These results indicate that early immunization followed by reimmunization may be indicated when young infants are at significant risk of measles exposure. This approach should not create an increased number of serologically nonresponsive children when reimmunized at greater than or equal to 15 months.