Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The origins and biological significance of the coccidial lesions that occur in chickens vaccinated with a live attenuated anticoccidial vaccine

The occurrence of vaccine-induced coccidial lesions in chicks vaccinated with a live attenuated anticoccidial vaccine is demonstrated. Healthy broiler chicks reared on litter to facilitate autoreinfection, but isolated from extraneous coccidial infections, were vaccinated when 8 days old with Paracox. Coccidial lesions were found in chicks between 5 and 23 days after vaccination; 24% of the 87 chicks sampled during 29 days had intestinal lesions of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella or of undetermined species, mostly (19 out of 21) scored as 1 or 2 on the Johnson & Reid scale of 0 to 4. The other two positive birds had E. tenella lesions, each scored as 3. The lesions observed up to 5 days after vaccination were identified as primary (i.e. a host response to the first vaccinal life cycle) and those observed from 6 days onwards were designated as primary or secondary (i.e. a host response to the second and subsequent vaccinal life cycles) in origin. In the absence of extraneous coccidial infections, none of the lesions observed could have been due to non-vaccinal coccidial infections. No adverse effects on the health or growth rate of the chicks exhibiting primary or secondary lesions in response to vaccination with Paracox were apparent.
Emittance growth from Multiple Coulomb Scattering in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Emittance growth is an important issue for plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFAs). Multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) is one factor that contributes to this growth. Here, the MCS emittance growth of an electron beam traveling through a PWFA in the blow out regime is calculated. The calculation uses well established formulas for angular scatter in a neutral vapor and then extends the range of Coulomb interaction to include the effects of traveling through an ion column. Emittance growth is negligible for low Z materials; however, becomes important for high Z materials.
Subcommissural organ/Reissner's fiber complex: Characterization of SCO‐spondin, a glycoprotein with potent activity on neurite outgrowth

In the developing vertebrate nervous system, several proteins of the thrombospondin superfamily act on axonal pathfinding. By successive screening of a SCO‐cDNA library, we have characterized a new member of this superfamily, which we call SCO‐spondin. This extracellular matrix glycoprotein of 4,560 amino acids is expressed and secreted early in development by the subcommissural organ (SCO), an ependymal differentiation located in the roof of the Sylvian aqueduct. Furthermore, SCO‐spondin makes part of Reissner's fiber (RF), a thread‐like structure present in the central canal of the spinal cord. This novel protein shows a unique arrangement of several conserved domains, including 26 thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSR), nine low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) type A domains, two epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐like domains, and N‐ and C‐terminal von Willebrand factor (vWF) cysteine‐rich domains, all of which are potent sites of protein‐protein interaction. Regarding the huge number of TSR, the putative function of SCO‐spondin on axonal guidance is discussed in comparison with other developmental molecules of the CNS exhibiting TSR. To correlate SCO‐spondin molecular feature and function, we tested the effect of oligopeptides, whose sequences include highly conserved amino acids of the consensus domains on a neuroblastoma cell line B 104. One of these peptides (WSGWSSCSRSCG) markedly increased neurite outgrowth of B 104 cells and this effect was dose dependent. Thus, SCO‐spondin is a favorable substrate for neurite outgrowth and may participate in the posterior commissure formation and spinal cord differentiation during ontogenesis of the central nervous system. GLIA 32:177–191, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yearly Trends in Fetal Macrosomia among Hospital Births in Enugu, South East Nigeria

Fetalmacrosomia is associated with higher risks of maternal and neonatal complications and with health risks in adulthood. Trends in fetal macrosomia could indicate fetal growth patterns and its knowledge could be useful for prenatalcare and maternal health education. The objective of the study was to describe the yearly trends in the prevalence of fetal macrosomia among singleton live term hospital births in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Routinely collected delivery data of three major maternity centres in Enugu were reviewed for the period January 2003 to December 2013. All singleton term live births that took place at the three centres during the study period were analysed and the yearly prevalences of fetal macrosomia were determined. Statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence. A total of 22,628 singleton live term deliveries were studied. There were 2116 births of macrosomic babies giving a prevalence rate of 9.3% of singleton term deliveries. The mean weight of all macrosomic babies was 4.42kg ± 0.38. The prevalence rates of macrosomia showed a small, but significant decreasing trend over the period of study. The likelihood of fetal macrosomia was increased by male births (aOR 1.64, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.10, 3.20); postdate births (aOR 2.1, 95% C.I. 1.4, 4.1) and multiparity (aOR 8.0, 95% C.I. 3.2, 16.4). It was concluded that there was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of fetal macrosomia in the study centres,and factors such as the prevalences of male births, postdate pregnancies and multiparity could have influenced this, at least in part. However, population based studies incorporating prenatal weight and medical complication data would be needed to establish the factors responsible for the actual trend in macrosomic births in the general population in this area.
Genetic studies on capsid-length determination in bacteriophage T4. I. Isolation and partial characterization of second-site revertants of a gene 23 mutation affecting capsid length

The T4 mutation ptg19-80 affects the mechanism of capsid-length determination. It is located in gene 23, which encodes the major structural protein of the capsid. The mutation results in the production of abnormal-length capsids in high frequencies. This paper describes the isolation and partial characterization of second-site revertants of ptg19-80. In the course of their analysis, it was discovered that ptg19-80 is itself a double mutation consisting of a gene 23 mutation (ptg19-80c), which causes the morphogenetic defect, and a suppressor mutation located near the lysozyme gene. Phenotypic characterization of nine pseudo-wild-type revertants of this double-mutation revealed that these revertants all produced lower frequencies of abnormal capsids than did ptg19-80. Seven of these revertants were shown to contain two suppressor mutations, one mapping in or near gene 22 and done mapping in or near gene 24. Both mutations were required for suppression. These suppressors displayed no discernible phenotype in the absence of ptg19-80c.
Population Parameters Of Distichodus Rostratus (Gunther, 1864) From The Hydrosystem Located Between The Hydroelectric Dams Of Kossou And Taabo (Bandama River; Côte d’Ivoire)

Growth and mortality parameters, exploitation rates and annual recruitment patterns were estimated using FiSAT program from monthly length-frequency and weight samples of Distichodus rostratus captured from the hydrosystem located between the hydroelectric dams of Kossou and Taabo (Bandama River). Samples were collected from July 2004 to June 2005. The aim was to estimate growth parameters, mortality rates, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern of D. rostratus for sustainable management. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters asymptotic length L∞ (cm) and growth constant K (per year) were 69.30 and 0.27 respectively. Goodness of fit (Rn) was 0.27. The growth performance index (φ’) value was 3.11. Age at maturity was estimated at 2.87 years for males and 3.78 years for females. The maximum age estimated was 11.095 years. The annual rate of fishing mortality (F = 0.10) was low compared to the relatively high natural mortality (M = 0.60). The exploitation rate (E = 0.14) shows that the species was not over-exploited in the Bandama River.
Effects on the nervous system by exposure to electromagnetic fields: experimental and clinical studies.

Exposure to electromagnetic fields may cause various types of effects on nervous tissue, in severe cases even irreversible damage. The exposure conditions, i.e. frequency including type and extent of modulation, time, intensity, wave form, as well as shape, size and position of exposed subject and possible treatment with drugs, are factors determining if damage, acute or chronic, ultimately result. Long term exposure of newborn rabbits, rats and mice to electromagnetic fields of power frequency (10-14 kV/m; 50 or 60 Hz; sinusoidal wave form; 21-24 h per day) may cause affection and even damage to the nervous system. Large nerve cells showed reactive changes such as lamellar bodies and cytoskeletal alteration to an extent varying with exposure conditions. Reactive neuroglial changes as well as increase in neuroglial marker proteins could concomitantly be demonstrated. The changes seemed to be reversible although we only have incomplete data available. Exposure in vitro of frog sciatic nerve to 16-60 Hz sinusoidal low current (50-1000 nA) for 17 h induced cytoskeletal changes. Exposure of rabbits to pulsed microwaves of moderate to high intensity (3.1 GHz; 300 Hz modulation; peak duration 1.4 usec with maximal peak intensity about 1000 times average; 55 mW/cm; SAR in the brain cortex about 20 W/kg; increase of temperature as measured by lightguide-equipped instruments in right brain hemisphere about 1-2 degrees C) during 1 h per day during three days resulted in no obvious initial changes in behaviour. Minimal acute dam- age could be demonstrated. However, after two to four months and later on both structural, immunohistochemical and biochemical changes could be documented. Radar technicians accidently and/or occupationally exposed to microwaves showed psychoneurological signs of affection as well as changes in cerebrospinal fluid protein pattern. No related changes have been noticed among matched controls. Exposure of nervous tissue to electromagnetic fields ranging from power frequency to microwaves may thus exert a wide range of effects, mostly by mechanisms we know little about.
The Downward Influence of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings: Association with Tropospheric Precursors

Tropospheric features preceding sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are identified using a large compendium of events obtained from a chemistry–climate model. In agreement with recent observational studies, it is found that approximately one-third of SSWs are preceded by extreme episodes of wave activity in the lower troposphere. The relationship becomes stronger in the lower stratosphere, where ~60% of SSWs are preceded by extreme wave activity at 100 hPa. Additional analysis characterizes events that do or do not appear to subsequently impact the troposphere, referred to as downward and non-downward propagating SSWs, respectively. On average, tropospheric wave activity is larger preceding downward-propagating SSWs compared to non-downward propagating events, and associated in particular with a doubly strengthened Siberian high. Of the SSWs that were preceded by extreme lower-tropospheric wave activity, ~2/3 propagated down to the troposphere, and hence the presence of extreme lower-tropospheric wave activity can only be used probabilistically to predict a slight increase or decrease at the onset, of the likelihood of tropospheric impacts to follow. However, a large number of downward and non-downward propagating SSWs must be considered (>35), before the difference becomes statistically significant. The precursors are also robust upon comparison with composites consisting of randomly selected tropospheric northern annular mode (NAM) events. The downward influence and precursors to split and displacement events are also examined. It is found that anomalous upward wave-1 fluxes precede both cases. Splits exhibit a near instantaneous, barotropic response in the stratosphere and troposphere, while displacements have a stronger long-term influence.
Human Microbiome and its Association With Health and Diseases

Human microbiota are distinct communities of microorganisms that resides at different body niches. Exploration of the human microbiome has become a reality due to the availability of powerful metagenomics and metatranscriptomic analysis technologies. Recent advances in sequencing and bioinformatics over the past decade help provide a deep insight into the nature of the host‐microbial interactions and identification of potential deriver genes and pathways associated with human health, well‐being, and predisposition to different diseases. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate the possible link between the microbiota and various type of diseases. The present review also highlights the potential utilization of microbiota as a potential therapeutic option to treat a wide array of human diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1688–1694, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale is valid in patients with psoriatic arthritis

Background: Fatigue is an important symptom in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Aim: To determine the reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT fatigue) Scale in PsA. Methods: Consecutive patients attending the PsA clinic were assessed with the FACIT fatigue Scale twice, 1 week apart. Patients were assessed clinically according to a standardised PsA clinic protocol. Internal consistency of the 13 items on the FACIT fatigue questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s α; test–retest reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and validity by the correlation of the FACIT fatigue results with other fatigue measures and disease characteristics. Results: 135 patients (80 men and 55 women, mean (SD) age 52 (13) years, mean (SD) disease duration 17 (10) years) participated. The mean FACIT fatigue score was 35.8 (12.4). Cronbach’s α was 0.96. Repeat questionnaires were returned by 54% of patients. No difference in disease characteristics was observed between those who did and did not return the questionnaires. The ICC for first and repeat FACIT fatigue scores was 0.95. The correlation between the FACIT fatigue and modified Fatigue Severity Score was −0.79 (95% CI −0.85 to −0.72). FACIT fatigue scores were lower in patients with overwhelming fatigue and fibromyalgia than in those without (p<0.001). The FACIT fatigue was correlated with the actively inflamed joint count (−0.43, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.28, p<0.001), but not with the clinically damaged joint count (−0.06, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.11, p = 0.51). Conclusion: The FACIT fatigue results were reproducible, and correlated with other fatigue measures as well as with disease activity in patients with PsA. Therefore, the FACIT fatigue is a reliable and valid instrument to measure fatigue in PsA.
Nonadditive Neuroprotection With Early Glutamate Receptor Blockade and Delayed Hypothermia After Asphyxia in Preterm Fetal Sheep

Background and Purpose— Hypothermia induced after perinatal hypoxia–ischemia is partially protective. This study examined whether early treatment with the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, dizocilpine, can augment neuroprotection with delayed hypothermia after severe asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 weeks gestation (equivalent to 28–32 weeks in humans). Methods— Fifty minutes after umbilical cord occlusion for 25 minutes, fetuses were randomized to either dizocilpine (2 mg/kg estimated fetal weight intravenously, then 0.07 mg/kg/h for 4 hours) and then after 5.5 hours to whole-body cooling to 3°C below baseline, or sham cooling, until 72 hours, and euthanized 7 days after umbilical cord occlusion. Results— Delayed hypothermia was associated with improved neuronal survival (P<0.02) and reduced microglia (P=0.004) and caspase-3-positive cells (P<0.01) compared with umbilical cord occlusion. Dizocilpine was associated with reduced microglia (P<0.05) but no effect on caspase-3 induction and improved survival only in CA1/2 (P<0.05) with no apparent additive effect with delayed hypothermia. Conclusions— Early N-methyl-D-aspartate blockade and a clinical regime of delayed whole-body hypothermia provide nonadditive neuroprotection in the preterm brain.
Identification of Global Ferredoxin Interaction Networks in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii*

Background: Chlamydomonas contains six chloroplast ferredoxins (FDXs) whose function is still unclear. Results: A global FDX interactome was obtained where FDX1 has a predominant role and is the most relevant electron donor to FNR1 and HYDA1. Conclusion: FDXs have distinct but also overlapping function. Significance: We discovered new FDX interaction partners and specific roles for each FDX isoform. Ferredoxins (FDXs) can distribute electrons originating from photosynthetic water oxidation, fermentation, and other reductant-generating pathways to specific redox enzymes in different organisms. The six FDXs identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are not fully characterized in terms of their biological function. In this report, we present data from the following: (a) yeast two-hybrid screens, identifying interaction partners for each Chlamydomonas FDX; (b) pairwise yeast two-hybrid assays measuring FDX interactions with proteins from selected biochemical pathways; (c) affinity pulldown assays that, in some cases, confirm and even expand the interaction network for FDX1 and FDX2; and (d) in vitro NADP+ reduction and H2 photo-production assays mediated by each FDX that verify their role in these two pathways. Our results demonstrate new potential roles for FDX1 in redox metabolism and carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthesis, for FDX2 in anaerobic metabolism, and possibly in state transition. Our data also suggest that FDX3 is involved in nitrogen assimilation, FDX4 in glycolysis and response to reactive oxygen species, and FDX5 in hydrogenase maturation. Finally, we provide experimental evidence that FDX1 serves as the primary electron donor to two important biological pathways, NADPH and H2 photo-production, whereas FDX2 is capable of driving these reactions at less than half the rate observed for FDX1.
Reduction of the reverse short channel effect in thick SOI MOSFET's

We show that the reverse short channel effect (RSCE) is reduced in NMOS devices made in thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material. The reduction of the RSCE depends on the thickness of the Si overlayer. It is found that the thinner the Si film, the less the threshold voltage roll-on. The experimental findings are explained by a decrease of the lateral distribution of silicon interstitials generated at the source and drain (S/D) region and are related with their high recombination velocity at the buried oxide. This method can be used to separately test the influence of S/D point defects on the RSCE from other different hypotheses reported in the literature. Coupled process-device simulation reveals that the method is very sensitive to fundamental point defect properties.
Asymmetric (S,s) Pricing: Implications for Monetary Policy

This paper presents a model of asymmetric (S,s) pricing. We investigate implications of such a behavior for the effectiveness of the monetary policy. We discuss two types of asymmetric responses to monetary interventions. One is the symmetry in the responses to positive and negative monetary shocks. The other is the variance in responses to monetary shocks during booms and recessions. The conclusion is that first type of asymmetry can be attributed to the asymmetry in adjustment bands, while the second kind of asymmetry is a result of firm heterogeneity, and asymmetry of (S,s) bands does not contribute to it.
Nucleotide Sequence of the ChromosomalampC Gene of Enterobacter aerogenes

ABSTRACT The AmpC β-lactamase gene and a small portion of the regulatoryampR sequence of Enterobacter aerogenes 97B were cloned and sequenced. The β-lactamase had an isoelectric point of 8 and conferred cephalosporin and cephamycin resistance on the host. The sequence of the cloned gene is most closely related to those of theampC genes of E. cloacae and C. freundii.
Contributing Area and Concentration Effects on Herbicide Removal by Vegetative Buffer Strips

Deteriorated water quality due to nonpoint source pollution from herbicides is one of the environmental problems receiving attention this decade. One off-site best management practice (BMP) being suggested to improve water quality is vegetative buffer strips. This study was conducted on a Storden loam soil, under simulated rainfall (6.35 cm/h), to determine the effects of nominal inflow concentration (0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) and the ratio of drainage area to vegetated buffer strip area (simulated to be 15:1 and 30:1) on the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips (12.2 m long) in removing herbicides dissolved in runoff water. Four treatments (2 ¥ 2 factorial) replicated three times were included in the study. Three inflow samples (each integrated over 15 min) and nine outflow samples (each integrated over 5 min) were collected from each plot and analyzed for three herbicides. Reductions of 41, 39, and 38% from plots having a relative area ratio of 15:1, and 37, 35, and 34% from plots having a relative area ratio of 30:1 were measured, respectively, for atrazine, metolachlor, and cyanazine. Although the percentage of removal decreased for the larger area ratios for each herbicide, the decreases were not significant. Reductions of 29, 30, and 28% from plots having 0.1 mg/L nominal inflow concentration, and 49, 44, and 45% from plots having 1.0 mg/L nominal inflow concentration were measured, respectively, for atrazine, metolachlor, and cyanazine. The differences between reductions for the nominal inflow concentrations were significant. Using a bromide tracer, it was determined that the major factor in reduction of herbicide transport was infiltration of inflow into the vegetative buffer strips.
How well do layers discriminate given choices of grain and protein concentration

An experiment was undertaken in which two strains of layers in multiple bird (6) cages were given in a 3-trough system choices of grain sorghum, wheat-13% CP and wheat-16% CP in combination with three 'protein packages' based on full-fat soybeans, swet lupin meal and field peas in mash or pellet form. Shell grit was offered in a separate trough. A cormnercial 17% layer crumbles fed in a single trough was the control diet. Mortality, due mainly to vent pecking, was 24% for the SCWL (Red) birds and only 12% for the Black Australorp GIROCB) (Black) birds. The latter strain consumed mre feed than did the Red birds but the mean overall henAay egg production (HDP) on the choice feeding system was 75% vs. 69%. There was wide variation in response to combinations with some individual treatments giving low intakes and performance eg. pelleted peas (25g/d) with sorghum fed to Red birds gave IBP of only 47%. Intake of the 'concentrate package' was consistently higher in mash (54g/d) form compared with pellets (38g/d). mP was lowest on the sorghum-based combinations (70.2%) but it was not different on the 'protein package'-based combinations (72%). Total protein intakes were generally excessive and wide ranging, with all but tm above 20g/d consequently lysine, methionine and total sulfur amino acids were invariably in excess of requirements. The commercial diet gave man productions of 76% for both strains. Black birds consumed 14g/d more than Red birds this included intakes of 7.6 and 4,lg/d respectively of shell grit. Gross margin per bird was $13.25 (Black birds) and $14.07 (Red birds) on the commercial diet. Individual combinations ranged from $15.50 to $8.34. It is concluded that there is considerable scope to fine-tune self-selection programs for layers in order to utilize this approach in a practical feeding system.