Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation Anxiety, Social Phobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorders in the Chilean Epidemiological Study of Children and Adolescents

The prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service use of three anxiety disorders in a broad sample of Chilean children and adolescents is reported in this study. The disorders studied were Separation anxiety (SAD), Generalized anxiety (GAD) and Social anxiety. Data were obtained from an extensive epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in the community. DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed by means of the DISC-IV interview, demographic and family variables through the family assessment device and family history screen instrument, as well as the services provided by the Service Assessment Instrument. Prevalence with significant impairment for Separation anxiety was 4.8%, for social phobia, 3.7%, for generalized anxiety 3.2%, and 8.3% for any of the three disorders. Associated risk variables were as follows: low family income, family psychopathology, living with only one parent, maltreatment. A positive evaluation of family functioning was a protective factor against disorders. A high degree of comorbidity between the three anxiety disorders and with other groups of disorders was observed. The services were used by 22.3% of the children and adolescents diagnosed with any of the three anxiety disorders and within them, school based services were the most used. Findings are discussed and compared with other studies
Anticipated Affect and Behavioral Choice

Most research on the impact of affect on attitudes and behavior emphasizes the effect of past and present affective reactions. In this article we focus on anticipated, postbehavioral, affective reactions. The influence of anticipated affective reactions on a number of behaviors was investigated in the context of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991). Results showed that anticipated affective reactions predicted behavioral intentions independent from general attitudes (evaluations) toward the behavior. As expected, anticipated affective reactions were more negative than attitudes toward the behavior for behaviors with negatively valued consequences and more positive for behaviors with positively valued consequences. Moreover, for three of the four investigated behaviors, anticipated affective reactions explained a significant proportion of variance in behavioral expectations, over and above the components of the theory of planned behavior. On average, behavioral expectations explained more than half of the variance in actual behavior, which was measured 4 weeks later. Implications of these findings for our understanding of the attitude concept, and more practical implications for behavioral change programs, are discussed.
NGOs and the State: a case study from Uganda

The hypothesis was that research findings would support a critical analysis of the view that NGOs are increasingly compensating for inadequate government provision in such sectors as social welfare, education, or health, traditionally seen as the responsibility of governments. This view appeared to neglect the involvement of NGOs in the African health sector, particularly missions, for over a century: nongovernmental support to such services is not a new phenomenon. The paradigm also implies a functioning public sector with minor gaps which can be filled by NGOs, a situation far removed from reality in most African countries; and posits a government-like role for NGOs which NGOs may be reluctant, and indeed unable, to accept. In Uganda, the motivations and actions of donors and government do, however, follow an approach to some extent consistent with such a paradigm. As in many African countries, the Ugandan health sector is largely dependent on external support, of which Northern NGOs contribute an integral, albeit modest, portion. Donors increasingly ‘contract out’ work to NGOs. Governments, working with constrained budgets, may view NGOs as a useful resource. In Uganda, policy-makers NGOs and the State: a case-study from Uganda
Hodgkin Lymphoma in the West of Algeria: Panorama of Characteristics, Initial Work-up, Survival and Risk Factors Distribution

Introduction: The principal object of this study is to represent - in maximum accuracy- the real status of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in west of Algeria, we think also it serves as an adequate indicator for the epidemiological characteristics of HL patients and as an overview of these patients treatment and survival in Algeria. Patients and methods: From December 2007 to the 1st of January 2013, 668 patients were included in this study, from the age of 15 to 88 years, and both genders. 8 hematology centers participated covering the west of Algeria. All diagnostic procedures and treatment policies were unified between the involved centers, the pilot center (Oran1) adapted a strict system for data collection, control and confirmation, WHO/REAL system was used for histological classification and ECOG system for the performance status. The therapeutic approach consisted of chemotherapy combined or not with radiotherapy according to clinical stage followed when appropriate with intensification protocol and autologous stem cell transplantation. Results: Of our 668 patients: 53% were males, 47% females, global median age was 36 years [15-88], localized disease was presented in 22% of our study patients, while 78% presented advanced stages, rates of peripheral bulky, Mediastinal Bulky and Non-Bulky disease were: 8%, 45% and 47% respectively. 9% of patients had bone marrow involved by HL. 18% of patients had imaging of affected spleen, while 9% had features of affected liver. 74% of patients had one or more of B-symptoms, 68% of males and 74% of females were anemic, 28% of patients had leukocytosis 65% of all patients had nodular sclerosis subtype. Cumulative Overall Survival was estimated in 352 evaluable patients: 59% (at 60 months), 69% (at 48 months), while 79% of patients were alive after 5 years of follow-up. Cumulative OS for males was: 64% (at 48 months), and Cumulative OS of females: 75% (48 months) P-value>0.05 For patients aged more or less than 45 years, Cumulative OS were 43 and 49 months respectively for the means of OS. With P=0,016 of the 352 evaluable patients: 129 patients had reached CR and been qualified for DFS statistical analysis. Relapse rate was 16%, Cumulative Disease-Free Survival was 69% (at 48 months), no statistically significant difference had been detected between patients aged more or less than 45 years P value = 0.811. Conclusion: Differences in survival rates between this study and publications maybe explained partially by the very high frequency of negative prognostic factors in our cohort like bulky and advanced disease, B-symptoms, and anemia positivity rates, lack of PET-CT and radiotherapy centers number may had also affected these results, even though we found ourselves very interested in deepening further more in diagnosis, treatment and follow – up modalities standardization and development in west of Algeria in order to raise the level of health services offered to HL patients to meet eventually developed countries survival rates.
Prosodic Focus Marking in Bai.

This study investigates prosodic marking of focus in Bai, a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Southwest of China, by adopting a semi-spontaneous experimental approach. Our data show that Bai speakers increase the duration of the focused constituent and reduce the duration of the post-focus constituent to encode focus. However, duration is not used in Bai to distinguish focus types differing in size and contrastivity. Further, pitch plays no role in signaling focus and differentiating focus types. The results thus suggest that Bai uses prosody to mark focus, but to a lesser extent, compared to Mandarin Chinese, with which Bai has been in close contact for centuries, and Cantonese, to which Bai is similar in the tonal system, although Bai is similar to Cantonese in its reliance on duration in prosodic focus marking.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sustainability and the authentic experience. Harnessing brand heritage – a study from Japan

We, the Editors and Publisher of Journal of Sustainable Tourism, have retracted the following article: Babak Taheri, Thomas Farrington, Ross Curran, Kevin O’Gorman (2018) Sustainability and the authentic experience. Harnessing brand heritage - a study from Japan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26:1, pages 49-67. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2017. 1310867 The article is being retracted at the request of the authors and their institutions, Heriot-Watt University, and University of Strathclyde. An investigation by the universities found that the article utilizes the same data set as reported in a previously published article (Bryce et al, 2015)1, but without acknowledging the research reported there as the source, and without adequately explaining how the methodology builds on the original article's data and analysis. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the Committee on Publishing Ethics (COPE) guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’. (1) Derek Bryce, Ross Curran, Kevin O’Gorman, Babak Taheri (2015) Visitors’ engagement and authenticity: Japanese heritage consumption. Tourism Management, 46, pages 571-581. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman. 2014.08. 012
THE CONSEQUENCES OF GENETIC DIVERSITY

Genetic variation is ubiquitous in natural populations, but very little is known about the ecological consequences of this variation. Recent interest in merging ecological and evolutionary studies has illustrated the potential for heritable trait variation to influence processes at the population, community or ecosystem level. In the few studies conducted to date, increased genetic diversity has been shown to increase the productivity and resistance to disturbance of populations of focal species and to increase the stability of plant communities. The objective of this study was to provide a test of the consequences of genetic diversity for the invasion success of populations of dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) under two sets of environmental conditions. We predicted that: (1) increasing genetic diversity in the invading population will increase average invasion success via a “selection effect”, whereby diverse populations have a higher probability of being dominated by a highly competitive genotype, or a “complementarity effect”, whereby niche differentiation or facilitation among genotypes results in mixtures having greater invasion success than expected from the performance of single genotypes; and (2) the strength of the diversity effect will be strongest in the most stressful environment. Replicate populations of three different genotypic richness levels were established in both environments (a mowed lawn and a fallow field) in June 2007. Individual plants were measured every month to determine plant size (as total leaf area) and all seed heads were counted. As predicted, plot productivity (as measured by plant leaf area or number of seeds produced) increased with plot genotypic richness, and plot productivity was greatest in the fallow field (no richness-by-environment interaction). Contrary to our second prediction, the diversity effect was strongest in the least stressful environment, the fallow field, as indicated by significant overyielding of genotype mixtures in this environment only. A positive selection effect drove the overyielding in the fallow field, while the balance of complementarity and a negative selection effect mediated the small (but non-significant) net effect in the mowed lawn. In conclusion, genetic diversity within invading populations can increase the probability of successful establishment, but the strength of this effect depends on habitat context.
Why Net Censorship in Times of Political Unrest Results in More Violent Uprisings: A Social Simulation Experiment on the UK Riots

Following the 2011 wave of political unrest, going from the Arab Spring to UK riots, the formation of a large consensus around Internet censorship is underway. Beyond all political consideration of consequences in terms of freedom of expression, the present paper adopts a social simulation approach to show that the decision to "regulate" or restrict social media in situations of civil unrest results in higher levels of violence. Building on Epstein's (2002) agent based model, several alternative scenarios are generated. Systemic optimum, represented by complete absence of censorship, not only corresponds to lower levels of violence over time, but allows for significant cant periods of social peace after each outburst.
Optimal Cell Balancing with Model-based Cascade Control by Duty Cycle Adaption

Abstract Achieving higher provided battery capacity for operation by equalizing battery cell imbalances is the goal of passive and active battery balancing systems. The idea of energy transfer between battery cells is to increase the minimal energy level of the weakest cell in a battery stack of interconnected cells. For system modeling and balancing control the drifting balancing current and changing current slope caused by the change of cell voltage has not been given attention in literature so far, as well as the formulation of balancing systems from a point of view of control theory and applying optimization algorithms to realistic scenario. Firstly, we introduce an approach based on an average mean current model for the aggregated system of battery cells and inductive balancing circuits with dependency of voltage and duty cycle. The presented non-linear model is applied to the optimization of energy distribution to minimize energy differences in a battery system in an optimal manner, which can be done for any balancing topology with the presented model. Secondly, an adaption of the duty cycle for energy transfer switching is proposed for hard realtime constraints, so that the balancing currents are maximal for the whole balancing interval. The performance of an energy-based optimization algorithm compared to a voltage-based state of the art algorithm is demonstrated by simulations as well as the proposed subordinate control approach compared without duty cycle adaption.
PENERAPAN METODE EDUTAINMENT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya masalah ketimpangan pembelajaran menulis teks berita antara kondisi yang seharusnya dengan kenyataannya, salah satunya disebabkan oleh metode guru dalam mengajar masih sering menggunakan metode konvensional sehingga membuat siswa menjadi bosan dan kurang aktif dalam menulis teks berita, yang pada gilirannya aktivitas dan hasil pembelajaran pun semakin menurun. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan penggunaan metode edutainment dalam pembelajaran menulis berita. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen SEMU dengan penggunaan kelas eksperimen melalui tahap tes awal dan tes akhir. Teori yang melandasi penelitian ini adalah metode edutainment yang mendesain kegiatan belajar mengajar, sehingga begitu menghibur dan menjadikan siswa kreatif dan nyaman di kelas. Dengan metode ini guru diharapkan akan mampu menciptakan interaksi yang baik dengan siswanya, sehingga mereka akan merasa dihargai dan dilibatkan saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Data penelitian berupa hasil kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Bandung. Hasil penelitian adalah metode edutainment efektif digunakan pembelajaran menulis teks berita di kelas X. Kata Kunci : penelitian, pembelajaran, metode edutainment , kemampuan menulis teks berita, siswa.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLET OF NIZATIDINE: A TRIAL TO IMPROVE ITS EFFICACY

Objective: This study was designed to prepare a gastro-retentive floating tablet of nizatidine in an attempt to prolong its gastric residence time and hence increase its efficacy. Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC k4M). The effect of different formulation variables including polymer concentration, incorporation of different concentrations of carbopol934 or sodium alginate as release retarding polymers and concentration of an effervescent mixture (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) on drug release and floating properties was investigated. In addition, the optimized formulation (combined excellent floating behavior and sustained drug release) was compared to conventional nizatidine tablet for antiulcer activity in rabbits. Results: The optimized formulation containing 175 mg HPMC k4M, 25 mg carbopol934 and 50 mg effervescent mixture showed 80% drug release within 10.6 h±0.3, floating lag time of about 5.00±0.2 min and total floating time of >24 hours. In vivo results proved that nizatidine floating tablet had more pronounced antiulcer effect than its conventional tablet. Conclusion: The effervescent based floating tablet of nizatidine could be a promising approach to increase its gastric residence time up to 12 hours, thereby improving its antiulcer efficacy.
A Narrative Review of Smoking Cessation Practices in Jordan

Aim: To explore the management of smoking cessation practices based on Jordanian national clinical guidelines from a pharmacy perspective. Methods: A search was made of international peer-reviewed literature in Pub Med, Medline, Cochrane Library and the grey literature. This document provides a review of a relevant literature including a general overview of smoking practices, therapeutic goals, pharmacological treatment, and the role of pharmaceutical care. The epidemiology of smoking practices was explored, and an overview of new approaches for treatment and management collated. Results: The search yielded studies and information that met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacological management, tobacco dependence treatment (TDT), and the prevalence of smoking practices in Jordan were also documented. Conclusion: Research examining the pharmacists’ role in the community in counselling, inducing behaviour change, and exploring the needs of patients who suffer from tobacco dependence is of importance to optimize health outcomes and minimize costs related to treatment and complications.
Mouthparts and associated sensilla of a South American moth, Synempora andesae (Lepidoptera: Neopseustidae)

N ABSTRACT. The mouthparts of Synempora andesae Davis & Nielsen were studied by means of scanning electron microscope. The existence of gustative uniporous sensilla styloconica is demonstrated for the second time on the proboscis of Neopseustidae. It is with this family, and not at a later stage within the Incurvaroidea, that these sensilla appear during the evolution of Lepidoptera. Contrary to common belief, the labial-palp-pit organ, or organ of vom Rath, is present at the distal extremity of the labial palpi of S. andesae. It is made up of a dozen of grooved multiporous sensilla coeloconica whose function is carbon dioxide sensitive. Thus, its presumed absence can no longer be considered as an autapomorphy of Neopseustidae. S. andesae possesses other original characteristics: both short and long bifurcate aporous sensilla chaetica on the labrum, numerous sensilla campaniformia on the first segment of labial palpi, as well as those previously described: the double-tube configuration of the proboscis and the composite and polymorphic multiporous sensilla basiconica on the antennae. Other cephalic sensilla are also described: aporous bifurcate sensilla chaetica on the clypeus, aporous sensilla campaniformia above the mandibles, and on the chaetosemata.
Screening of Antimicrobial Ethanolic Extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata

The ethanolic extract from Peritrophe bicalyculata leaves was evaluated for the presence of phytochemicals and its antimicrobial activity in vitro against selected bacteria and fungi using the antibiotic gentamycin as control. The extract showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, saponin, tannin and steroid. It also inhibited the growth of the tested microorganisms at different concentrations. However stronger in-vitro activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Asperigillus clavatus and Rhizopus stolonifer. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract is an evidence of ethnomedicinal potential of the plant.
A New Fiscal Pact, Tax Policy Changes and Income Inequality

The paper analyses the changes in tax policy, tax/GDP ratios, tax incidence and income inequality which have taken place in Latin America during the last decade against the background of the changes observed in these variables during the liberal years of the 1980s and 1990s. The paper argues that the recent tax policy changes and a favourable external environment led to an increase of about three points in the regional tax/GDP ratio, that such increase in taxation took place in a slightly or substantially more progressive way than in the past, that the Gini coefficient of the distribution of household income improved on average by 0.4-0.8 points, and that, as a result, redistribution via taxation improved (especially in the Southern Cone) in relation to the 1990s thanks to greater reliance on direct taxes and a reduction in excises. However, in the mid-late 2000s taxation remains unequalizing in about a third of the countries of the region, especially in Central America. The paper concludes by offering recommendations on how the new fiscal pact evolving in the region can be strengthened to improve the redistributive effect of taxation in the years ahead.
Investigating impediments towards access to financial services by women entrepreneurs: A Case of Arumeru District

Lack of finance has been mentioned as a major reason which tends to paralyse women MSE’s in Tanzania and in Arumeru district in particular. In investigating this situation, a field research was conducted in Arumeru District between January and July 2012, with the aim of identifying microfinance institutions operating in the district and investigating the main challenges facing women (micro and small entrepreneurs) in accessing financial services. A sample of 150 respondents was selected, whereby 100 women entrepreneurs were involved in an interview and focus group discussion and while another sample of 50 respondents drawn from different stakeholders was included in focus group discussions and other research methods utilized in the study. From the research it was discovered that women face a lot of challenges including discrimination by the institutions, small loan sizes, strict unfavourable conditions, lack of collateral and property rights, high interest rates, lack of financial confidence and presence of cultural norms which stereotype against women in accessing and controlling any financial means. It is from these challenges that the study recommends to the financial institution to redesign their products to suit their clients’ needs and the government to re-evaluate the interest rate charged by the financial institution to be fair according to the level of the enterprise the client owns. Key words : entrepreneurship, financial services, gender, women,
Back to the Future: Gender Differences in Self-Ratings of Team Performance Criteria

Well functioning teams are essential to success in both academic and businesses environments today. While much research has contributed to our understanding of successful team characteristics, conflicting empirical evidence hinders corrective intervention. Information gathered from self and peer-assessments is often used to provide feedback and encourage teams to take corrective actions. Unfortunately, these assessments have been shown to contain many biases. In this study, we isolate gender as an important contributor to assessment bias. By exploring the gender difference in under- and overrating self-assessment relative to peer assessment, we add support to the assumption that gender plays a role in assessment accuracy and contribute new understanding to the differences in gender response to feedback.