Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathomorphological studies in goats effected with gastrointestinal tract disorders

The present study was envisaged to elucidate the pathomorphological aspects of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders of goats. Study was conducted on 21 (6 healthy goats and 15 diseased goats/kids) and 19 carcasses of goats/kids brought for postmortem to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, LUVAS, Hisar. This study revealed that incidence of GIT disorders was maximum in goats of age group 2-6 months. Major gross lesions noticed were abomasitis, congestion and haemorrhages in intestine and necrotic foci on liver surface alongwith hepatomegaly. Mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and oedematous. In case of lungs there was congestion, haemorrhages, consolidation of lungs and pneumonia. Congestion and petechial haemorrhages were the major changes seen in spleen. Heart revealed congestion and hydropericardium. Kidneys revealed congestion and soft kidneys as the major change. Histopathological lesions in abomasum were oedema, congestion and mononuclear cells infiltration in mucosa. In intestine there was desquamation of mucosal epithelium, congestion in mucosa and submucosa along with mononuclear cells infiltration in mucosa, haemorrhages in mucosa, goblet cell hyperplasia and necrosis and replacement of mucosal glands by mononuclear cells. However in one case there was presence of epitheloid cells and Langhan’s type giant cells in mucosa indicating Johne’s disease. Mesenteric lymph nodes revealed congestion and depletion of lymphocyes in germinal center of lymphoid follicle and in one case there was presence of giant cells in cortex of lymph gland. In the liver major change was congestion, degenerative changes in hepatocytes including cloudy swelling, fatty changes, congestion in sinusoids and dilatation of sinusoids leading to atrophy of hepatocytes. There was bile duct hyperplasia along with fibroblast proliferation. Spleen revealed congestion and depletion of lymphocytes in white pulp. Lungs evidenced oedema, congestion, emphysema, serous inflammation and thickening of interlobular septa by fibrinous exudate. Heart revealed congestion, sarcocystosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in myocardium. In kidneys, congestion, focal interstitial nephritis and hyaline degeneration were seen.
Eight-year Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran

Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis is one of the greatest health problems in Iran. The distribution of the disease is not equal in all parts of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of positive results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in samples referred to an academic hospital in an 8 year period. Materials and Methods: The samples from different wards of Qaem Hospital, Mashhad and samples referred to Outpatient Clinic during the years 2001-2008 and 75 samples from the prison in the same period were analyzed with direct microscopy of smear and culture methods for M. tuberculosis. Basic descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results: A total 26817 samples were analyzed and the results showed that the frequency of Mycobacterium positive samples in hospitalized patients’ samples was 2412 (9%) with microscopy and 1573 (6%) with culture method. In the outpatients, it was 897 (10.2%) and 417 (4.7%) with microscopy and culture methods, respectively. Form 75 samples from the prison, 9 (12%) were positive with microscopy method. Culture method yielded only one (1.3%) positive result in these samples. Conclusion: The frequency of M. tuberculosis was relatively high in the study groups. Therefore it seems continues surveillance is essential to monitor the M. tuberculosis in hospitals and community.
Trade in Intermediates and Final Products, Trade in Services and Goods : Implications of Differences in Their Determinants

With the growing integration of the world economy, there have been more and more studies looking at trade and its various effects on different aspects of the economy. Many of these studies, however, focus merely on manufacturing industries or products. This paper attempts to show how different kinds of trade other than manufacturing also matter, and reveal their distinct features. This study uses product-level international bilateral trade panel data for the period 1995 to 2009, covering 40 countries. Constructing this dataset into a gravity model, this paper aims to clarify what makes trade in intermediates different from final products, and total trade in goods different from total trade in services. This paper estimates this gravity model in its multiplicative form using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator. Estimation results show that the demand for intermediate inputs tend to be less subject to consumers’ preferences and rather rely more on geographical proximity compared to final products. In addition, current regional trade agreements and trade partnerships still tend to be goods oriented and have scope to cover aspects of services trade. Consequently, this study illustrates the importance of distinguishing trade in different products and whether they are for intermediate use or final consumption.
The role of chromospheric mottles in the mass balance and heating of the solar atmosphere

High-resolution Hα observations of a solar region containing several mottles are analyzed. Mottles constitute the fine structure of the quiet solar chromosphere and are found at the boundaries of the network cells, where the magnetic field is mostly concentrated. The driving mechanism for mottles (as well as for spicules) is suggested to be magnetic flux cancellation which most likely involves magnetic reconnection. Magnetic reconnection explains the observed bi-directional flows and, furthermore, allows conversion of part of magnetic energy to heat. We estimate several physical parameters of mottles and report a detailed analysis of their temporal variations. We then consider their impact on the mass balance and the heating of the solar atmosphere. We find that less than 1% of the mass flux injected by these structures into the corona expands outward as solar wind. The major fraction of this flux returns back to the chromosphere and provides an explanation for the red-shifts observed in the transition region spectral lines. The energy released by magnetic dissipation is quantified in terms of different energy components. Using typical values for the parameters of these structures it is found that they can provide ∼20% to the energy budget of the solar corona, but only a small part of it goes to heating. This percentage, as well as the part of the energy that goes to heating, can be lower or higher depending on the relative frequency of these events and on their upward velocity. On the other hand, if one assumes that all the potential energy of the downflowing material is converted to heat the amount supplied to the chromosphere is really negligible.
Quasi-linear theory of the Jeans instability in disk-shaped galaxies

We analyse the reaction between almost aperiodically growing Jeans-unstable gravity perturbations and stars of a rotating and spatially inhomogeneous disk of flat galaxies. A mathematical formalism in the approx- imation of weak turbulence (a quasi-linearization of the Boltzmann collisionless kinetic equation) is developed. A diusion equation in conguration space is derived which describes the change in the main body of equilibrium distribution of stars. The distortion in phase space resulting from such a wave{star interaction is studied. The theory, applied to the Solar neighborhood, accounts for the observed Schwarzschild shape of the velocity ellipsoid, the increase in the random stellar velocities with age, and the essential radial migration of the Sun from its birth-place in the inner part of the Galaxy outwards during its lifetime.
Evaluation of physical, milling and cooking properties of four new rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Nigeria

This comparative study investigated some physical, milling and cooking properties of four new rice varieties (FARO 44, FARO 52, FARO 60 and FARO 61) in Nigeria. The varieties were processed into white rice and their properties analyzed separately using standard procedures. Results showed that paddy length, paddy-length-to-width-ratio, equivalent diameter, sphericity, grain volume, aspect ratio, thousand paddy grain weight, milled rice length, milled rice width, milled rice length to width ratio, milling recovery, head milled rice, broken milled rice, L*, a*, b*, elongation ratio, cooked-rice-length-to-breadth-ratio, water uptake ratio and cooking time were significantly different (p<0.05) for all the varieties. Milling recovery was found to vary from 65.3 to 68.33%; with FARO 60 having the highest head milled rice. It was observed that FARO 44 had the longest cooking time, elongation ratio and cooked rice length/breadth ratio while FARO 61 was found to have the highest water uptake ratio. There was significant positive correlation (r = 0.824) between percentage head milled rice and milling recovery while negative correlation existed between cooking time and L* (r = - 0.711). This information could be exploited by rice processors in the post-harvest processing of the varieties.
Variation in Recombination Rate Is Shaped by Domestication and Environmental Conditions in Barley

Abstract Meiotic recombination generates genetic diversity upon which selection can act. Recombination rates are highly variable between species, populations, individuals, sexes, chromosomes, and chromosomal regions. The underlying mechanisms are controlled at the genetic and epigenetic level and show plasticity toward the environment. Environmental plasticity may be divided into short- and long-term responses. We estimated recombination rates in natural populations of wild barley and domesticated landraces using a population genetics approach. We analyzed recombination landscapes in wild barley and domesticated landraces at high resolution. In wild barley, high recombination rates are found in more interstitial chromosome regions in contrast to distal chromosome regions in domesticated barley. Among subpopulations of wild barley, natural variation in effective recombination rate is correlated with temperature, isothermality, and solar radiation in a nonlinear manner. A positive linear correlation was found between effective recombination rate and annual precipitation. We discuss our findings with respect to how the environment might shape effective recombination rates in natural populations. Higher recombination rates in wild barley populations subjected to specific environmental conditions could be a means to maintain fitness in a strictly inbreeding species.
Astaxanthin Complexes to Attenuate Muscle Damage after In Vivo Femoral Ischemia-Reperfusion

(1) Background: Reperfusion injury refers to the cell and tissue damage induced, when blood flow is restored after an ischemic period. While reperfusion reestablishes oxygen supply, it generates a high concentration of radicals, resulting in tissue dysfunction and damage. Here, we aimed to challenge and achieve the potential of a delivery system based on astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, in attenuating the muscle damage in an animal model of femoral hind-limb ischemia and reperfusion. (2) Methods: The antioxidant capacity and non-toxicity of astaxanthin was validated before and after loading into a polysaccharide scaffold. The capacity of astaxanthin to compensate stress damages was also studied after ischemia induced by femoral artery clamping and followed by varied periods of reperfusion. (3) Results: Histological evaluation showed a positive labeling for CD68 and CD163 macrophage markers, indicating a remodeling process. In addition, higher levels of Nrf2 and NQO1 expression in the sham group compared to the antioxidant group could reflect a reduction of the oxidative damage after 15 days of reperfusion. Furthermore, non-significant differences were observed in non-heme iron deposition in both groups, reflecting a cell population susceptible to free radical damage. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that the in situ release of an antioxidant molecule could be effective in improving the antioxidant defenses of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-damaged muscles.
NARROW-LINE X-RAY-SELECTED GALAXIES IN THE CHANDRA-COSMOS FIELD. I. OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC CATALOG

The COSMOS survey is a large and deep survey with multiwavelength observations of sources from X-rays to the UV, allowing an extensive study of their properties. The central 0.9 deg2 of the COSMOS field have been observed by Chandra with a sensitivity up to 1.9 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the full (0.5–10 keV) band. Photometric and spectroscopic identification of the Chandra-COSMOS (C-COSMOS) sources is available from several catalogs and campaigns. Despite the fact that the C-COSMOS galaxies have a reliable spectroscopic redshift in addition to a spectroscopic classification, the emission-line properties of this sample have not yet been measured. We present here the creation of an emission-line catalog of 453 narrow-line sources from the C-COSMOS spectroscopic sample. We have performed spectral fitting for the more common lines in galaxies ([O ii] λ3727, [Ne iii] λ3869, Hβ, [O iii] λλ4959, 5007, Hα, and [N ii] λλ6548, 6584). These data provide an optical classification for 151 (i.e., 33%) of the C-COSMOS narrow-line galaxies based on emission-line diagnostic diagrams.
Public debt and borrowing: Are governments disciplined by financial markets?

Abstract With the announcement to intervene on financial markets to restore the monetary transmission mechanism, the ECB has attenuated the pressure of the markets on the endangered peripheral countries of the Eurozone. Critics argue that by eliminating the markets’ disciplining interest mechanism, governments in the crisis countries will not carry out reforms and consolidate their budgets. This kind of interplay between public deficit policy and financial markets is commonly discussed under the notion of Market Discipline Hypothesis. The hypothesis’ second half suggests that governments react to rising interest rates by adjusting their deficit policy. Based on panel data for the European Union, different models are tested to investigate if governments react to rising interest rates. The results indicate that governments do raise their primary surpluses when they perceive the rising interest rates in their budgets. Governments react quite quickly to changing interest rates, although there seems to be some backlash in the medium-run.
Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash: A Cross Country Analysis

Using a large panel of 5086 firms from 7 European countries, namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherland, Sweden and UK over the period of 1981 to 2010, we made attempt to see the effect of financial constraints on international corporate policies based on their liquidity demand. Controlling for firm size, investment opportunities and alternative sources and competing uses of funds, a firm’s decision to change its cash holdings is found to be positively and significantly related with internal cash flows. Our results further reveal that constrained firms like to save relatively more cash out of their cash inflows, whereas the unconstrained firms do not maintain any such significant cash hoarding behavior. The observed relationships prevail for the whole sample, within each countries and remain consistent across different estimation procedures and alternative financial constraint criteria. Our results thus point to the fact that average firms in our sample face constrained access to external finance due to financially imperfect and incomplete markets
Routine coagulation molecules predict nasopharyngeal carcinoma and associated metastases

ABSTRACT Introduction: Most patients with malignant solid tumours have abnormal blood coagulation and an abnormal peripheral blood count, but data on nasopharyngeal carcinoma is scare. We hypothesised abnormal coagulation indices and red cell distribution width (RDW) in this group that are linked to the tumour (T), lymph node (N) and metastatic aspects (M) of the patients. Methods: We recruited 740 newly diagnosed patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 238 healthy controls, taking venous blood for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, RD), platelets and platelet distribution width (PDW). In the patients, lab indices were analysed according to clinical stage. Results: All indices except thrombin time were significantly different between cases and controls (p < 0.001), and many predicted TNM classifications and early or late stage of the disease. In sensitivity/specificity analysis, the prothrombin time, APTT and PDW gave AUCs >0.7, and in combination gave an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.86–0.91) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No index provided an AUC >0.7 for T or N classification, or early v late stage, but APTT, fibrinogen and FDP all gave AUCs ≥0.7 for predicting metastases. Together, these three indices gave an AUC of 0.84 (0.78–0.91). Conclusions: Routine coagulation indices can predict nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with the combination of prothrombin time, APTT and PDW being strongest. The combination of APTT, fibrinogen and FDPs provides a useful score to predict metastases. These indices should be considered in the diagnosis and staging of this disease.
On the Finsler stucture of the Teichm\"uuller metric and Thurston's asymmetric metric

We highlight several analogies between the Finsler (infinitesimal) properties of Teichm\"uller's metric and Thurston's asymmetric metric on Teichm\"uller space. Thurston defined his asymmetric metric in analogy with Teichm\"ullers' metric, as a solution to an extremal problem, which consists, in the case of the asymmetric metric, of finding the best Lipschitz maps in the hoomotopy class of homeomorphisms between two hyperbolic surface. (In the Teichm\"uller metric case, one searches for the best quasiconformal map between two conformal surfaces.) It turns out also that some properties of Thurston's asymmetric metric can be used to get new insight into Teichm\"uller's metric. In this direction, in analogy with Thurston's formula for the Finsler norm of a vector for the asymmetric metric that uses the hyperbolic length function, we give a new formula for the Finsler norm of a vector for the Teichm\"uller metric that uses the extremal length function. We also describe an embedding of projective measured foliation space in the cotangent space to Teichm\"uller space whose image is the boundary of the dual of the unit ball in the tangent space representing vectors of norm one for the Finsler structure associated to the Teichm\"uller metric.
PLAR: Finding Quality in the Dynamics of Social Practice

This article discusses some of the implications of a recent case study on quality in PLAR for immigrant nurses to Canada. The results reveal complex relations within and across the nursing profession's communities of practice and communities of interest that operate as vehicles for negotiating shared understandings and power. Immigrant nurses who bring knowledge acquired in cultures and educational systems unfamiliar to Canadian authorities stand outside the periphery of the nursing community without a place or voice in the discourse. The author concludes that PLAR can provide a means of giving them voice if nursing stakeholders negotiate a shared understanding of the quality of the process. The author recommends that Baartman et al.'s (2007) quality criteria and concept of assessment in education be explored as a quality framework for anchoring PLAR in nursing registration. Keywords: Prior learning, nursing, quality criteria, community of practice
Assessment of the Quality of Job Descriptions of Safety Jobs in the Saudi Companies

The poor occupational safety and health (OSH) performance of many sectors in Saudi Arabia necessitates studying the reasons behind this performance. While other studies addressed many potential reasons, the objective of the current study is to investigate the quality of job descriptions of the safety jobs in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 69 job descriptions for several safety job titles and from different industrial or service sectors were analyzed to discover the important factors that may have an impact. The results revealed that there are some gaps in the design of the sampled job descriptions' components, particularly in the job information and the required qualifications for the jobs. The quality of job descriptions varied from one industrial sector to another, with oil & gas, petrochemicals and utilities sectors being in the top, and manufacturing, education/training, construction, and service/retail/distribution in the bottom in terms of job descriptions quality. There was no clear relationship between the safety job title and the quality of job descriptions. However, the required experience had positive impact on the quality of job descriptions of safety jobs. It is recommended that further studies covering a larger sample size of job descriptions to be conducted to obtain results that can be generalized and utilized in setting proper policies to improve the practices of the Saudi companies in the design of job descriptions of safety jobs and, hence, hiring the appropriate safety professionals.
Persistent proteinuria among sickle cell anaemia children in steady state in Ilorin, Nigeria

Sickle cell disease (SCD), the commonest single gene disorder amongst Nigerian children, may present as sickle cell nephropathy (SCN). SCN is detectable by persistent proteinuria, a “nephrotoxin” that contributes to progression of SCN to end stage renal disease. Unfortunately, screening for persistent proteinuria is an uncommon practice among Nigerian children with SCD, even when reduction of proteinuria is a proven renoprotective therapy. Dipstick urinalysis was done to detect persistent proteinuria (proteinuria of trace and above, on first contact and a month on follow-up in the same subject) among consecutive steady state sickle cell anaemia (haemoglobin SS confirmed using cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis) children attending sickle cell clinic at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital between October, 2004 and July, 2005. Subjects with persistent proteinuria were also assessed for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the method described by Schwartz et al. A total of 75 children aged between 1 to 17 years, comprising 35 males and 40 females, were studie. Proteinuria was found in 6 (8%) subjects (5 males, 1 female) and in 5 (6.7%) subjects (3 males, 2 females) on first contact and one month on follow-up, respectively. Persistent proteinuria was only seen in 3 (4%) male subjects (older than 10 years age) whose eGFR was not impaired. Although proteinuria occurred more commonly among male subjects than females on first contact and at follow-up, this observation was not statistically significant (p = 0.175 at first contact, p = 0.224 at follow-up). Proteinuria also occurred more among subjects older than 10 years of age at both contacts, this association was also not significant (p = 0. 071 on first contact, p value = 0.10 at follow-up). Although, a low prevalence of persistent proteinuria was found among the sickle cell anaemia children studied, its screening should become a routine to identify children who will benefit from antiproteinuric treatment. Key words: Persistent proteinuria, steady state sickle cell anaemia, children, Ilorin, Nigeria.