Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normal reference hematological values of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) kept in Cholistan desert

Reference normal hematological values have been documented for various domestic animals under various climatic/geographical conditions; however there is a dearth of information in the literature concerning these values for camels kept in desert. The present pilot study was conducted to establish reference normal range of salient hematological parameters in clinically healthy camels (30 males and 30 females) being reared in a farm of Desert Rangers, Cholistan, in order to form a basis for clinical interpretation. Blood samples were aseptically collected and were analyzed for hematological parameters. The mean values for hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) for males were 12.00±0.63 g/dl, 37.21 ±2.48 %, 6.83±0.38 x 10 6 /μl, 12.38±0.97x 10 3 /μl, 57.13±5.09 fl, 18.69±1.45 pg, and 33.61±1.42; and for females were 11.34±0.95 g/dl, 32.83 ±3.76 %, 7.31±0.58 x 10 6 /μl, 12.97±0.99x 10 3 /μl, 50.24±7.72 fl, 17.80±2.21 pg, and 34.81±2.16, respectively. The difference in values were statistically non significant for males and females. The Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) revealed that the lymphocytes were the predominant leucocytes which are typical of most other ruminants
Nrf 2 as a Chemopreventive Target in Colorectal Cancer

Introduction—Numerous epidemiological studies have linked consumption of cruciferous vegetables to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals. It is currently well accepted that chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in 15-20% malignancies including CRC. Many chemopreventive compounds are effective in preclinical systems and many on-going clinical trials are showing promising findings. Many of these compounds could activate the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), a critical regulatory element for phase II protective/detoxification and anti-oxidative stress enzymes mediated by nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Recently, Nrf2 has emerged as a novel target for the prevention of CRC. Areas covered—A full literature search was performed using PubMed with the key words ‘ARE, Nrf2, colon, colorectal cancer, chemoprevention, cancer prevention’, and all relevant publications are included. Expert opinion—The use of Nrf2 knockout mice has provided key insights into the toxicological and chemopreventive importance of this pathway. Mounting evidence has revealed that Nrf2 is a critical regulator of inflammation as well, a major driving force for CRC progression and formation. Targeting the Nrf2/ARE pathway may present a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of not only colorectal inflammatory diseases but the frequent subsequent development of CRC as well.
TGFB 1 polymorphisms are associated with risk of late normal tissue complications in the breast after radiotherapy for early breast cancer

Recent studies suggest that normal tissue radiosensitivity is influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in certain genes. In order to seek a confirmation of these findings, this study investigated SNPs in genes TGFB1 (position K509, codon 10 and codon 25), SOD2 (codon 16), XRCC1 (codon 399), XRCC3 (codon 241), APEX (codon 148) and ATM (codon 1853) in 26 breast cancer patients with marked changes in breast appearance after radiotherapy and 26 matched controls. Statistically significant associations were found between the TGFB1 codon 10 Pro allele (PZ0.005) as well as the TGFB1 position K509 T allele (PZ 0.018) and increased risk of altered breast appearance. No significant associations were found for the remaining SNPs. q 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Radiotherapy and Oncology 75 (2005) 18–21.
Emotional Compliance and Emotion as Resistance: Shame and Anger among the Long-Term Unemployed

Contemporary governments employ a range of policy tools to ‘activate’ the unemployed to look for work. Framing unemployment as a consequence of personal shortcoming, these policies incentivise the unemployed to become ‘productive’ members of society. While Foucault’s governmentality framework has been used to foreground the operation of power within these policies, ‘job-seeker’ resistance has received less attention. In particular, forms of emotional resistance have rarely been studied. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 80 unemployed welfare recipients in Australia, this article shows that many unemployed people internalise activation’s discourses of personal failure, experiencing shame and worthlessness as a result. It also reveals, however, that a significant minority reject this framing and the ‘feeling rules’ it implies, expressing not shame but anger regarding their circumstances. Bringing together insights from resistance studies and the sociology of emotions, this article argues that ‘job-seeker’ anger should be recognised as an important form of ‘everyday resistance’.
Guidelines for the Application of Surgery and Endoprostheses in the Palliation of Obstructive Jaundice in Advanced Cancer of the Pancreas

ObjectiveThis study was set up to identify patient-related factors favoring the application of either surgery or endoprostheses in the palliation of obstructive jaundice in subsets of patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas or periampullary region. Summary Background DataIn the palliation of obstructive jaundice, surgical biliodigestive anastomosis has traditionally been performed. Surgical biliary bypass is associated with high mortality (15% to 30%) and morbidity rates (20% to 60%) but little recurrent obstructive jaundice (0% to 15%). Biliary drainage with endoscopically placed endoprostheses has a lower complication rate, but recurrent obstructive jaundice is seen in up to 20% to 50% of patients. MethodsPatients with advanced cancer of the head of the pancreas or periampullary region treated at the University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. In 148 patients, data were compared concerning the morbidity and hospital stay after the palliation of obstructive jaundice with endoscopic endoprostheses or surgical biliary bypasses. These patients were stratified for long (> 6 months) and short (< 6 months) survival times. ResultsIn short-term survivors, the higher late morbidity rates after endoprostheses were offset by higher early morbidity rates and longer hospital stays after the surgical bypass. In long-term survivors, there was no difference in the hospital stay between the two groups, but the late morbidity rate was significantly higher in the endoprosthesis group. ConclusionsThese data suggest that endoscopic endoprosthesis is the optimal palliation for patients surviving less than 6 months and surgical biliary bypass for those surviving more than 6 months. This policy necessitates the development of prognostic criteria, which were obtained by Cox proportional-hazards survival analysis. Advanced age, male sex, liver metastases, and large diameters of tumors were unfavorable prognostic factors. With these factors, the risk of short- or long-term survival can be predicted. It is hoped that the application of these data may allow a rational approach toward optimal palliative treatment of this form of malignant obstructive jaundice.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of SPL7013 Gel (VivaGel®): A Dose Ranging, Phase I Study

Objectives: To evaluate safety, tolerability and systemic pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of SPL7013 Gel in healthy women. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-escalation trial. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy women were randomized to receive 3.5 g of 0.5% (N = 8), 1% (N = 8), or 3% (N = 9) SPL7013 Gel or placebo gel (N = 12), applied vaginally once daily for 7 consecutive days. Genital toxicity was determined by interview, physical examination, assessment of vaginal microflora and colposcopy. Systemic toxicity was determined by nongenital adverse events (AEs) and laboratory assessments. Plasma was collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Results: Genital AEs considered potentially product-related were all mild and reported by 5 (20%) women receiving SPL7013 Gel and 2 (17%) women receiving placebo gel. The most common were abdominal pain or discomfort, with no reports of vaginal burning or malodour, or genital-tract pain. There were no clinically significant colposcopic findings, including of genital inflammation or epithelial disruption. Lower concentrations of normal lactobacillary flora occurred during SPL7013 Gel and placebo gel use, with a decrease in anaerobes in the SPL7013 Gel groups. There were no reported cases of bacterial vaginosis, and lactobacilli returned to predose levels in most women after treatment. All nongenital AEs were of mild or moderate severity, expect for a severe tension headache in a woman receiving placebo. There was no absorption of SPL7013 into the systemic circulation. Conclusions: SPL7013 Gel applied vaginally once daily for 7 days at concentrations of 0.5% to 3% was safe and well tolerated in healthy, sexually abstinent women, with no evidence of systemic toxicity or absorption.
Anxiety, attributional thinking, and the primary process

In earlier publications, experimental evidence was provided for the existence of the primary vs. secondary process mental organization posited by Freud. A well‐established cognitive categorization test based on attributional and relational similarity was found to map on to primary and secondary principles of mental organization respectively, thus offering the opportunity to test hypotheses drawn from psychoanalytic theory independent of the clinical situation. In prior work, primary process shifts occurred under three different conditions‐all predicted by psychoanalytic theory: (1) when stimuli were (subliminal) unconscious; (2) when participants were 3‐5 years of age; and (3) when tasks were implicit. In the current study, a fourth condition is examined dealing with the relationship of conscious anxiety to primary and secondary processes. In a naturalistic study, 120 patients waiting in medical center waiting rooms rated how anxious they felt on a 10‐point scale and then completed a version of the categorization test alluded to above. Those who reported any anxiety at all showed a signifi cant shift toward primary process categorization over those participants who rated themselves as calm. The implications of this fourth fi nding are discussed with respect to signal anxiety and symptom formation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE PARVOVIRUS TYPE 3 AND PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 IN WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA) IN SLOVAKIA

Abstract As the number of free-living wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) continues to rise in Slovakia, the probability of pathogen transmission between susceptible species increases. We investigated the distribution and genetic characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 (PPV3), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and their coinfection in wild boars. Among 194 animals tested, 19.1% were positive for PPV3 and 43.8% for PCV2. Similar rates of coinfection with both viruses reaching 11.0% and 11.8% were observed in juvenile and mature wild boars, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of PPV3 sequences from VP1 and NS1 genomic regions revealed a close genetic relationship among isolates from Slovakia and those sampled worldwide. Prevalence of PCV2 in wild boars was lower than that reported in domestic pigs in Slovakia. The PCV2 variants originating from sylvatic and domestic hosts in Slovakia were grouped in the same clusters, namely PCV2b-1A/1B and PCV2a-2D.
[Gender differences among medical students in the approach to simulation].

INTRODUCTION Simulation-based training is gaining ground as a replacement for the "apprenticeship" model of training. For this reason, it is useful to know if men and women have the same prerequisites and assumptions prior to training. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether male and female medical students performed differently whilst training in a bronchoscope simulator. MATERIALS AND METHODS At a medical conference in Copenhagen, 62 medical students took part in a simulator experiment (number of male students: 33, number of female students: 29). Data collection was obtained from the bronchoscope simulator. The participant's task was to identify and visualise as many orifices as possible during five minutes, without impinging on the mucous membranes. RESULTS The male participants visualised a significantly higher amount of segments (p = 0,045) than the female participants, however there were also significantly more incidences of impingement on nearby mucous membranes in the male group of students (p = 0,045). At Copenhagen Medical School, there are almost twice as many female students as male students. Thus, gender distribution among the participants in this study does not reflect the gender distribution at a Danish medical school. This implies that men's interest in simulation is higher than the one of women's, and the results suggest a gender difference in the approach to simulation based training. CONCLUSION Gender differences should be taken into consideration, when planning and organising medical education and assessment in simulation training.
Evaluation of Urolithiasis: A Link between Stone Formation and Diabetes Mellitus?

Introduction: The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stone formation is not completely understood. Recently, an influence of vascular phenomena like arteriosclerosis on the crystallization process was hypothesized. Thus, stone formation should be more common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are at risk of developing angiopathy. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of urolithiasis (UL) in patients with DM and to identify specific risk factors. Material and Methods: 350 patients with DM were evaluated with respect to DM-related history, and a total of 179 patients was included (83 female, 96 male; age 23–84 years). All patients were interviewed to assess the history of stone formation. These data were compared to epidemiological data in Germany. Results: The overall prevalence of UL in the diabetic group was 7.82% (vs. 4.73% in Germany, p = 0.0485; binominal test). The prevalence was significantly higher in patients with coronary heart disease (25%; p < 0.0001; Fisher‘s exact test). We could not demonstrate an increased prevalence of UL for patients with occlusive arterial disease or arterial hypertension as diabetic nephropathy was not a risk factor for developing urinary lithiasis (p = 0.7184, p = 1.000, p = 0.6266, respectively; Fisher’s exact test). Thiazide medication lowered the prevalence of stone formation (p = 0.0399; Fisher’s test). Calcium or magnesium supplementation did not influence stone formation significantly (p = 0.5279; p = 1.000; respectively; Fisher’s test). Conclusions: In Germany, patients with DM are at higher risk of UL compared with patients without diabetes. We demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of urinary stones in patients with coronary heart disease. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that urinary stone formation has a vascular pathogenesis in part.
Aérosols dans l'Arctique européen : sources, transformations et propriétés optiques

L'amplitude du forcage radiatif direct par les aerosols depend d'un grand nombre de facteurs, incluant entre autre leur nature chimique, leurs variations de concentrations temporelles et spatiales, et leur distribution en taille. Les grandes heterogeneites de ces differents parametres rendent les etudes de modelisation de l'impact radiatif delicates. Ces difficultes sont accentuees aux hautes latitudes, avec conditions environnementales particulieres et un manque de donnees d'observation, alors meme que les changements climatiques potentiels sont renforces dans l'Arctique par certains effets de retroactions, incluant par exemple les changements d'albedo resultants de la fonte des glaces polaires. Dans ce cadre, le programme EAAS (European Arctic Aerosol Study) avait pour objectif l'etude des proprietes physico-chimiques et optiques des aerosols dans l'Arctique europeen afin d'en evaluer le forcage radiatif a l'echelle regionale. Cette etude s'est deroulee a Sevettijarvi (69°35' N. , 28°50' E. , 130 m au-dessus du niveau des mers), en Laponie finlandaise, de Juillet 1997 a Juin 1999. En vue de l'evaluation du forcage radiatif, nous nous sommes ainsi interesses a la charge des differentes composantes de l'aerosol dans la basse troposphere en prenant en compte l'aerosol carbone (carbone suie et matiere organique particulaire) afin de proposer un bilan de masse le plus precis possible. Nous avons ensuite, a des periodes cles de l'annee, etudie plus en detail les distributions en taille des composantes de l'aerosol selon le type de masse d'air rencontre. Certaines especes chimiques presentes au sein de l'aerosol etant issues de precurseurs gazeux, les echanges et les equilibres entre ces deux phases ont ete etudies. Un interet particulier a ete porte a l'influence de la vapeur d'eau sur les distributions en taille des composantes particulaires. Enfin, nous avons introduit les proprietes optiques des aerosols et les parametres importants pour une modelisation precise du forcage radiatif a l'echelle regionale
Commentary on Dixon et al (2014): Understanding the abuse liability of modern EGMs

This is the author accepted manuscript of a non-peer reviewed letter. The final version is available from Wiley-Blackwell via http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/add.12697. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
Hhat Is a Palmitoylacyltransferase with Specificity for N-Palmitoylation of Sonic Hedgehog*♦

Palmitoylation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is critical for effective long- and short-range signaling. Genetic screens uncovered a potential palmitoylacyltransferase (PAT) for Shh, Hhat, but the molecular mechanism of Shh palmitoylation remains unclear. Here, we have developed and exploited an in vitro Shh palmitoylation assay to purify Hhat to homogeneity. We provide direct biochemical evidence that Hhat is a PAT with specificity for attaching palmitate via amide linkage to the N-terminal cysteine of Shh. Other palmitoylated proteins (e.g. PSD95 and Wnt) are not substrates for Hhat, and Porcupine, a putative Wnt PAT, does not palmitoylate Shh. Neither autocleavage nor cholesterol modification is required for Shh palmitoylation. Both the Shh precursor and mature protein are N-palmitoylated by Hhat, and the reaction occurs during passage through the secretory pathway. This study establishes Hhat as a bona fide Shh PAT and serves as a model for understanding how secreted morphogens are modified by distinct PATs.
Restricted Mobility of Cell Surface Proteins in the Polar Regions of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The polar regions of the Escherichia coli murein sacculus are metabolically inert and stable in time. Because the sacculus and the outer membrane are tightly associated, we investigated whether polar inert murein could restrict the mobility of other cell envelope elements. Cells were covalently labeled with a fluorescent reagent, chased in dye-free medium, and observed by microscopy. Fluorescent material was more efficiently retained at the cell poles than at any other location. The boundary between high and low fluorescence intensity areas was rather sharp. Labeled material consisted mostly of cell envelope proteins, among them the free and murein-bound forms of Braun's lipoprotein. Our results indicate that the mobility of at least some cell envelope proteins is restrained at regions in correspondence with underlying areas of inert murein.
Haemophilus Influenzae Neonatal Sepsis—What is Appropriate Initial Therapy?

The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae neonatal sepsis is on the increase. The recommended therapy is still ampicillin (1). In view of reports of Haemophilus influenzae resistance to ampicillin (2, 3) and our own recent experience, we wish t o caution against this routine recommendation of ampicillin and suggest that B-lactamase resistant antibiotics, such as third generation cephalosporins, be included in the initial therapy of suspected cases.
EFFECTS OF REPEATED ADMINISTRATIONS OF A COMPREHENSIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL BATTERY AMONG CHRONIC EPILEPTICS

Effects of repeated administrations of the neuropsychological battery originated by Halstead and developed by Reitan were assessed by administration of the battery on four occasions at 6− to 12-month intervals to 17 epileptics with stable neurological dysfunction. Changes in drug regimen complicated interpretation to some degree, but it appeared that: a) the majority of the neuropsychological measures did not demonstrate significant practice effects; and b) there were statistically and clinically significant practice effects on some of Halstead's most sensitive measures (Category Test, Tactual Performance Test—Localization. Impairment Index). In addition, the question was raised as to whether or not the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale may be more effected by the administration of anticonvulsants than are many of the other neuropsychological procedures. Caution was urged in interpretation when the battery is used on a repeated basis.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wild primates: increased prevalence in baboons feeding on human refuse

We examined three groups of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, to determine the prevalence of aerobic antibiotic-resistant fecal bacteria in nonhuman primates with and without contact with human refuse. Using standard isolation and replica plating techniques, we found only low numbers of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in two groups of baboons leading an undisturbed existence in their natural habitat and having limited or no contact with humans. However, resistance was significantly higher among enteric bacteria from the third group of baboons living in close proximity to a tourist lodge and having daily contact with unprocessed human refuse. Conjugation studies and analysis of the cell DNA by gel electrophoresis showed that in many cases resistance was plasmid-borne and transferable. These data suggest that wild nonhuman primates in frequent contact with human debris have a higher proportion of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria than do conspecifics without this contact. The findings further suggest that such groups of wild animals may constitute a heretofore overlooked source of antibiotic resistance in the natural environment.
Class- and Splice Variant-specific Association of CD98 with Integrin β Cytoplasmic Domains*

CD98 is a type II transmembrane protein involved in neutral and basic amino acid transport and in cell fusion events. CD98 was implicated in the function of integrin adhesion receptors by its capacity to reverse suppression of integrin activation by isolated integrin β1A domains. Here we report that CD98 associates with integrin β cytoplasmic domains with a unique integrin class and splice variant specificity. In particular, CD98 interacted with the ubiquitous β1A but not the muscle-specific splice variant, β1D, or leukocyte-specific β7 cytoplasmic domains. The ability of CD98 to associate with integrin cytoplasmic domains correlated with its capacity to reverse suppression of integrin activation. The association of CD98 with integrin β1A cytoplasmic domains may regulate the function and localization of these membrane proteins.