Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of Verb Morphology in the Advanced Learner Variety: A Longitudinal Study of L2 French

This article presents a longitudinal profile of the advanced learner’s use of verb morphology in L2 French, with the aim of tracking how such usage evolves within the advanced learner variety over a two-year period, as well as exploring how use of particular morphological forms relates to use of others. The forms are wide-ranging, and concern markers of past time, futurity, conditionality, reverse-order, as well as the subjunctive and 3rd person plural present tense irregular forms which are deemed to constitute “fragile zones” in the advanced learner variety. Results are presented in quantitative terms which allow frequently used forms to be identified against less frequent forms as the study progresses. The effect for naturalistic exposure through study abroad as opposed to regular classroom instruction is explored in terms of the effect of such differential exposure conditions on the emergence and use of the various forms concerned. Findings point to the complexity of morphological development in the advanced learner, whereby development is neither linear nor uniform across the morphological forms, while there is also considerable individual variation between learners. Results are discussed in relation to the advanced learner’s acquisitional profile.
CORRUPTION IN TURBULENT TIMES: A RESPONSE TO SHOCKS?

Economic instability may trigger ex ante and ex post corruption strategies, respectively resulting from the perception and experience of economic fluctuations. Using measures of export instability reflecting its ex ante and ex post effects, dynamic panel estimations are conducted with corruption perception data covering 62 developed and developing countries over 1985-2005; and cross-section estimations with aggregated data on 22,062 firms' bribe reports in 38 developing countries. Estimations support a positive ex post effect of both positive and adverse sharp export fluctuations on corruption, channeled by restricted credit access and weak democratic institutions. By contrast, a deterrent ex post effect of both positive and negative normal export fluctuations is found, channeled by facilitated credit access and effective democratic institutions. Estimations also support a positive ex ante effect of instability on corruption, especially when access to financial markets is restricted. Therefore, when institutions are dysfunctional, both favorable and adverse shocks may increase corruption prevalence.
A review on pathophysiology of ischemic-reperfusion injury of heart and ameliorating role of flavonoids and polyphenols

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) syndrome is defined as injury caused by the restoration of coronary flow after a period of ischemia. The pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury involves cellular effect of ischemia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cascade. Flavonoids and polyphenols possess unique antioxidant properties and other protective activities which are beneficial for ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is found that flavonoids and polyphenols prevent production of reactive oxygen species and thereby inhibit oxidation of cellular components and also block propagation of oxidative reactions. They also increase the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Flavonoids also possess anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation and vasodilatory effects through different mechanism. This review scrutinize to what extent flavonoids and polyphenols play a role in moderating ischemia-reperfusion mediated injury with special emphasis on pathophysiology of heart ischemic-reperfusion injury. Key words: Ischemia, reperfusion, heart, flavonoids, polyphenols, antioxidant.
Developments in cooperative learning: review of research

Cooperative learning, where students work in small groups to accomplish shared goals, is widely recognized as a teaching strategy that promotes learning and socialization among students from kindergarten through college and across different subject domains. It has been used successfully to promote reading and writing achievements, understanding and conceptual development in science classes, problem-solving in math- ematics, and higher-order thinking and learning to name just a few. It has been shown to enhance students" willingness to work cooperatively and productively with others with diverse learning and adjustment needs and to enhance intergroup relations with those from culturally and ethnically dif- ferent backgrounds. It has also been used as a teaching strategy to assist students to manage conflict and to help students identified as bullies learn appropriate interpersonal skills. In fact, it has been argued that cooperative learning experiences are crucial to preventing and alleviating many of the social problems related to children, adolescents, and young adults. There is no doubt that the benefits attributed to cooperative learning are wide- spread and numerous and it is the apparent success of this approach to learning that has led to it being acclaimed as one of the greatest educational innovations of recent times. The purpose of this paper is not only to review developments in research on cooperative learning but also to examine the factors that mediate and moderate its success. In particular, the review focuses on the types of stu- dent and teacher interactions generated and the key role talk plays in de- veloping student thinking and learning, albeit through the expression of contrasting opinions or constructed shared meaning. The intention is to provide additional insights on how teachers can effectively utilize this ped- agogical approach to teaching and learning in their classrooms.
Variation on the atmospheric concentrations of biogenic carbonyl compounds and their removal processes in the northern forest at Moshiri, Hokkaido Island in Japan

[1] Biogenic aldehydes, hydroxycarbonyls, and dicarbonyls in gas and particle phases were collected with an annular denuder sampling system (ADSS) in a Quercus crispula and Picea glehnii mast mixed forest. Eighty samples were collected from 22 to 29 August 2002. The size distributions of aerosols were also observed concurrently with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The gaseous concentrations of these carbonyl compounds ranged from the detection limit (approximately 1 pptv) to 154 pptv (630 ng m -3 , 4-oxopentanal), and the particulate concentrations ranged from the detection limit (approximately 3 ng m -3 ) to 200 ng m -3 (4-oxopentanal). Although the production processes of these compounds are different from each other, the temporal variations of the gaseous concentrations were quite similar. In addition, the variation was also similar to that of the ambient temperature. Furthermore, gas-to-particle conversion was suggested to be an important removal process of these compounds. We could evaluate the importance of the gas-to-particle conversion as a removal process of the gaseous species by an ADSS measurement. In addition, the results of our experiment indicated that the conversion includes two processes. The first is an adsorption onto the aerosols which have already existed in the atmosphere. The next is dissolution into the water phases in the aerosols. The latter process was particular to water soluble compounds. The measurement allowed us to identify the most likely removal processes of biogenic semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs). In this study, we discuss about these processes of semivolatile and biogenic carbonyls in the forest atmosphere.
Lower Ordovician reversal asymmetry: An artifact of remagnetization or nondipole field disturbance?

Five stratigraphically polarity intervals (R1-->R5 and N 1-->N5) from Late Arenig to Early Caradoc (Ordovician) times are recognized within the GullhOgen Limestone section, southern Sweden. The reversal frequency should be considered as a minimum given extremely low sedimentation rates (1-3 m/m. y.). Primary magnetite, probably detrital or biogenic in origin, is the prevailing remanence carrier in addition to early diagenetic hematite. A conspicuous reversal asymmetry, in which the remanence directions of the two lowermost normal polarity sections (N 1 and N2) depart significantly from otherwise nearly antiparallel and typical Lower Ordovician directions, has been identified. This reversal asymmetry is mainly in declination. An artifact of remagnetization cannot be entirely ruled out, but we find this explanation rather unsatisfactory given the lack of systematic magneto-mineralogical or isotope variations (5•80 and 5•3C) within these anomalous normal polarity horizons. The anomalous strata involved do not exhibit a different degree or extent of diagenetic alteration or magnetomineralogical character when compared to horizons above and below carrying the reverse polarity directions. We therefore suggest nonzonal nondipole field disturbances, lasting some 1-1.5 m. y. as a likely source, in order to explain these normal polarity anomalies. If the observations appear to be global, the results question the fundamental palaeomagnetic concept of symmetric reversals throughout geological time.
Change in the production efficiency of European specialized milk farming

The aim of the article is to identify the key structural, yield and economic determinants of the change in regional efficiency of specialized milk farms over the period 2007 to 2011. The following quantitative methods were applied on the regional FADN data (panel data of 100 regions): the Malmquist productivity index, the Welsh two-sample t -test, and the linear regression analysis. The article put emphasis on the investment activity and investment subsidies allocated in the sample of regions. The results reveal that regions with a positive change in the production efficiency have a significantly higher average milk yield, maize yield, long-term debt ratio, income level, and investment activity than the regions with a negative change in the production efficiency. On the contrary, investment subsidies per livestock unit do not signifi cantly differ between the progressive and other regions. Investment subsidies are slightly higher in the regions with a negative change in the production efficiency and continuously help them to mitigate the drop in technical efficiency.
Evaluation of Crude Oil Degradation Under a no-control and Dispersant-Control Settings, Based on Biological and Physical Techniques

The degradation of crude oil under a no-control and dispersant-control setting was evaluated using loss of biological activity test, microbial population growth and measurements of optical transmittance of test media. Comparison of the toxicity of crude oil under the no-control setting to crude oil-dispersant mixture revealed that the mixture was about 2 times more toxic than the crude oil under the no response strategy. Furthermore, the results of the toxicity testing experiments also showed that under the no-control setting, there was a loss in the toxicity of the crude oil from 6.03mL/L - 9.43 mL/L compared to crude oil-dispersant mixture where the toxicity of the crude oil-dispersant mixture was found to remain fairly constant with LC50 value of the mixture ranging from 4.0 mg/L to 4.38 mg/L over the 28 days experimental period. On the basis of the regression coefficient factor (R2), loss of biological activity during the no-control setting was found to be about 3 times more than under the dispersant-control setting. The result of the measurement of optical transmittance of crude oil depicting rate of emulsification under the no-control and dispersantcontrol settings revealed that level of light transmittance under no-control setting ranged from 0% to 84%, while under the dispersant-control setting light transmittance ranged from 0% to 72% over the 28 days of observation. The derived regression factor (R2) however revealed that under the dispersant-control setting, the rate of emulsification and degradation of crude oil was faster (R2 = 0.96) than under the no-control setting (R2 = 0.77). The result of the microbial growth assays also revealed that under the dispersant-control setting, the numbers of microbial colony forming units was about 7 folds higher than the number of colony forming units observed under the no-control setting. The usefulness of the methods for assessing crude oil degradation and its implications for choosing dispersants and making decision on whether or not to deploy dispersants for oil spill control are discussed.
Weddellian marine / coastal vertebrates diversity from a basal horizon ( Ypresian , Eocene ) of the Cucullaea I Allomember , La Meseta formation , Seymour ( Marambio ) Island , Antarctica

The La Meseta Formation crops out in Seymour/Marambio Island, Weddell Sea, northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula and contains one of the world's most diverse assemblages of Weddellian marine/coastal vertebrates of Early Eocene (Ypresian) age. The La Meseta Formation is composed of poorly consolidated, marine sandstones and siltstones which were deposited in a coastal, deltaic and/or estuarine environment. It includes marine invertebrates and vertebrates as well as terrestrial vertebrates and plants. The highly fossiliferous basal horizon (Cucullaea shell bed, Telm 4 of Sadler 1988) of the Cucullaea I Allomember is a laterally extensive shell bed with sandy matrix. The fish remains, including 35 species from 26 families, of the Ypresian Cucullaea bed represent one of the most abundant and diverse fossil vertebrate faunas yet recorded in southern latitudes. Stratigraphic distribution and phylogenetic relationships of the Weddellian sphenisciforms are consistent with a first radiation of this group in the Early Eocene. The first inquestionable archaeocete from Antarctica is recorded in this unit and is referred to a new taxon.
Doctrinal dialogues: factors influencing client willingness to discuss religious beliefs

ABSTRACT Religious beliefs are an important part of daily life for many individuals; however, these beliefs are often not discussed in therapy, creating potential barriers to treatment. The current study investigated factors influencing participant willingness to discuss religious beliefs with a therapist, including perceived clinician cultural humility (PCH), religious outlier status (ROS), and religious commitment (RC). Participants completed RC and ROS measures and viewed a clip depicting a clinician who was either high or low in cultural humility. They then rated the clinician’s cultural humility and their willingness to discuss religious beliefs. Results demonstrated that PCH was only significant predictor of willingness to discuss, accounting for 36% of the variance. These results suggest that clients are more willing to discuss their religious beliefs with a clinician who is high in cultural humility than one who is not, regardless of more stable client factors such as religious commitment and religious outlier status.
Effect of biofumigation and soil solarization on stem canker and black scurf diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani PR2 isolate

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biofumigation and soil solarization on stem canker and black scurf diseases of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani PR2 isolate. Before setting the field experiment, a series of in-vitro and in-vivo trails were laid out to select a virulent isolate PR2 of R. solani against the susceptible potato variety of cardinal and evaluated the Brassica spp. namely cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, and broccoli leaf extracts to select the best biofumigant against R. solani PR2 isolate in in-vitro condition. Among the different Brassica spp. , Brassica nigra (mustard) was the most effective in inhibiting the radial growth (79.63%) of R. solani PR2 at 40% level of concentration followed by broccoli leaf extract (66.67%). At the field trials, in T5 treatment where used biofumigation and soil solarization was appeared to be most superior in reducing the pre and post emergence mortality of potato seedling. The lowest disease incidence (24.44% and 30.67%), and PDI (20.37% and 13.89%) also were found in stem canker and black scurf diseases, respectively at treatment T5 followed by T3 (where used biofumigation without soil solarization) treatment. The yield of potato 117.13% was increased in T5 treatment followed by T3 treatment (73.01%). The increase of yield not only because of the reduction of diseases but also it might be due to supplement of the organic materials in the soil as a result increases the amount of soluble nutrients and secret the growth promoting substances by beneficial soil microorganisms.
Perception of Nigerian Secondary School Teachers on Introduction of e-Learning Platforms for Instruction.

This paper examines the view of Nigerian secondary school teachers on the introduction and utilization of e-learning platforms ( blackboard, moodle, e-college, Web CT) to support and enhance learning. Six hundred teachers were drawn from 50 different schools in all the education districts located in Lagos state, Nigeria. A 25-item , 5-point likert scale questionnaire was validated and used for the study. The result showed that there was no significant difference in perception based on gender. However, there was significant difference as a result of the school type. Findings further showed that the teachers were of the view that e-learning platforms should be utilized in schools as soon as possible to support learning. Suggestions were given on how to make this feasible in Nigerian schools despite the challenges.
Teachers' Perceptions and Practices of STEAM Education in South Korea.

This study examined teachers’ perceptions and practices of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education in South Korea, drawing on a survey of teachers in STEAM model schools. Results showed that the majority of Korean teachers, especially those experienced teachers and male teachers, had a positive view of a role of STEAM education. At the same time, Korean teachers highlighted various challenges in implementing STEAM education, such as finding time to carry out STEAM lessons, increased workloads, and lack of administrative and financial support. Our findings suggest that sufficient support of the government, the reconstruction of national curriculum, and significant changes in the national assessment system are needed to better promote STEAM education.
Domestication of Celebes rainbow fish

In this research, domestication of Celebes rainbow fish (Marosatherina ladigesi) was started from the broodstock rearing, spawning and larval rearing. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rate, fecundity rate, and gonad maturity levels of the broodstock that was fed live feed; Daphnia sp. , Chironomus sp. , and Culex sp. , whereas during the spawning period, the total number of eggs; the number of eggs hatching; egg incubation time; the number of unhatched eggs; and hatching rate were evaluated. The aim of study in the larval rearing is to determine the survival rate of the larva. Broodstocks of M. ladigesi were collected from Bantimurung river and Patunung Asue River of Maros regency; Jennae River and Gowalorong River of Pangkajenne Kepulauan regency; Asanae River of Bone regency. The result of research demonstrated that survival rates of broodstocks fed Dapnia sp. , Chironomus sp. , and Culex sp. were 91%, 86%, 81%, respectively. Broodstocks of M. ladigesi that were fed Daphnia sp. produced the highest number of eggs (849), with the hatching rate of 70.77%, whereas the broodstocks that were fed Chironomus sp. produced 595 eggs, with the hatching rate of 67.11%, and the broodstocks that were fed larvae of Culex sp. obtained 565 eggs with the hatching rate of 65.14%. The incubation period was 8-9 days. The larvae were given nauplius of Daphnia sp. can achieve the survival rate of larvae was 38.31-39.02% until age 5 days, 62.44-71.67% at 10 days, 20-30 days after hatching, the survival rates ranged from 73.06-99.84%.
Mixed Duopoly with Motivated Teachers

I study the self-selection of motivated teachers between public and private schools in a mixed duopoly environment. The quality is influenced by the effort exerted by the teachers. Teachers' motivation may have a positive impact on the levels of effort and, then, on the quality. The effect of motivation strictly depends on the degree of differentiation of the programs offered by the two schools. When both schools offer similar programs, the Nash equilibrium is the one in which both schools hire motivated teachers. This is because teachers' motivation plays an important role in the students' choice between the two schools. In contrast, when the two schools offer significantly different programs, the Nash equilibrium is the one in which both schools hire selfish teachers. Hiring motivated teachers would hurt schools' profits and benefit students. However, the former effect dominates the latter.
Institutions, Innovation, and Economic Growth

This article contributes to the growth literature by developing a formal growth model that provides the basis for studying institutions and technological innovation and examining how human capital and institutional constraints affect the transitional and steady state growth rates of output. The model developed in this article shows that the reason that growth models a la Romer (1990) generate endogenous growth is the use of a set of restrictive and unrealistic assumptions regarding the role of institutions in the economy. The baseline model developed in this article shows that the long-run growth of the economy is intrinsically linked to institutions and suggests that an economy with institutions that retard or prevent the utilization of newly invented inputs will experience low levels and low growth rates of output. The model also predicts that countries with institutional barriers that prevent or restrict the adoption of newly invented technologies will allocate a relative small share of human capital in the R&D sector. Moreover, both the baseline and the extended version of the model suggest that sustainable growth in human capital, not an increase in the stock of human capital, generates a growth effect.