Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratified, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron administered as a multiple-dose regimen versus two single-dose regimens in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

PURPOSE This study compares the efficacy and safety of two single-dose regimens with the approved three-dose regimen of ondansetron in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter study was a stratified, randomized, double-blind, and parallel group design. Chemotherapy-naive inpatients were randomized to receive intravenous (IV) ondansetron (Zofran; Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC) 0.15 mg/kg times three doses, every 4 hours or a single 8-mg or 32-mg dose followed by two saline doses that began 30 minutes before cisplatin administration. Cisplatin (high-dose > or = 100 mg/m2 or medium-dose 50 to 70 mg/m2) was given as a single infusion (< or = 3 hours). Patients were monitored for emetic episodes, adverse events, and laboratory safety parameters for 24 hours after cisplatin administration. RESULTS A total of 699 patients (359 high-dose, 340 medium-dose) were enrolled. Of these, 618 were assessable for efficacy (15 ineligible, 66 protocol deviations). The 32-mg dose was superior to the 8-mg single dose with regard to total number of emetic episodes (high-dose, P = .015; medium-dose, P < .001), complete response (no emetic episodes: high-dose, 48% v 35%; P = .048; medium-dose, 73% v 50%; P = .001) and failure rate (> 5 emetic episodes, withdrawn or rescued: high-dose, 20% v 34%; P = .018; medium-dose, 9% v 23%; P = .005). The 32-mg single dose was also superior to the 0.15 mg/kg times three dose regimen with regard to total number of emetic episodes (medium-dose, P = .033) and failure rate (high-dose, 20% v 36%; P = .009; medium-dose, 9% v 22%; P = .011). Ondansetron was well tolerated. The most common adverse event was headache. An approximate 10-fold increase in the incidence of clinically significant transaminase elevations was observed in the high-dose versus medium-dose cisplatin strata (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], 6.5% v 0.7%; serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT], 5.0% v 0.3%). CONCLUSION A 32-mg single dose of ondansetron is more effective than a single 8-mg dose and is at least as effective as the standard regimen of 0.15 mg/kg times three doses in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis.
Intimate Partner Violence and Women with Disabilities: Toward Bringing Visibility to an Unrecognized Population

ABSTRACT Although women with disabilities experience abuse at alarming rates, research exploring the unique experiences and the dimensions of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the lives of women with disabilities is in its infancy. This article attempts to highlight multidimensional factors for consideration in addressing the needs of women with disabilities who are victims of abuse and violence. Risk factors related to the vulnerability that disabilities pose for IPV victimization are explored in relation to consequent limitations of the traditional models of domestic violence. Feminist disability theory as a viable theory for framing meaningful research and informing effective and accessible prevention and intervention for women with disabilities who are victims of IPV is introduced.
A reciprocal effects model of the temporal ordering of motivation and burnout among youth table tennis players in intensive training settings

Abstract Using self-determination theory (SDT) (Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum) as the theoretical framework, we conducted a longitudinal investigation of the temporal ordering between motivation and burnout among youth athletes in intensive training setting. Data were collected from 145 table tennis players in intensive training centres at three time points during a 2-month period characterised by a simultaneous increase in social, physical and psychological demands for these athletes. Structural equation modelling of cross-lagged panel models was used to test the hypotheses. Results showed significant paths leading from athlete burnout – especially sport devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment – at time 1 to amotivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations at times 2 and 3. Only two significant paths leading from motivation (introjected regulation at time 1) to burnout (emotional/physical exhaustion at time 2 and reduced sense of accomplishment at time 3) were identified. Overall, our results suggest that athlete burnout predicts motivation over time but motivation did not predict athlete burnout over time. Results are discussed in terms of current research findings on SDT.
The Effect of Long-Term Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Geometric and Biomechanical Properties of Rats' Bone

Bone is composed of a mineral matrix reinforced by a network of collagen that governs the biomechanical functions of the skeletal system in the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on geometric and biomechanical properties of rats' bone. In this study, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: two experimental and one control sham. The first and second experimental group (n=10) were exposed to 100 μT and 500 μT-MF during 10 months, 2 h a day, respectively, and the third (sham) (n=10) group was treated like experimental group except ELF-MF exposure in methacrylate boxes. After ELF-MF and sham exposure, geometric and the biomechanical properties of rats' bone, such as cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft, length of the femur, cortical thickness of the femur, ultimate tensile strength (maximum load), displacement, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, elastic modulus, and toughness of bone were determined. The geometric and biomechanical analyses showed that a significant decrease in rats exposed to 100 μT-MF in comparison to sham and 500 μT-MF exposed rats about the values of cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft (P<0.05). Maximum load increased in 100 μT-MF and 500 μT-MF exposed rats when compared to that of the sham rats (P<0.05). The cortical thickness of the femurs of MF-exposed rats (100 μT and 500 μT) were significantly decreased in comparison to that of sham groups' rats (P<0.05 and P<0.001). However, no significant differences were found in the other biomechanical endpoints between each other groups, such as: length of the femur, displacement, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, elastic modulus, and toughness of bone (P>0.05). These experiments demonstrated that 100 μT-MF and 500 μT-MF can affect biomechanical and geometrical properties of rats' bone.
Vitamin D in Dialysis: Defining Deficiency and Rationale for Supplementation

Vitamin D status is determined by the serum concentration of one of its metabolites, 25‐hydroxy‐D. Defining vitamin D deficiency based on its classical roles in gut calcium absorption and bone mineralization is problematic in dialysis patients and, until recently, was ignored in the nephrology literature. The newly recognized nonclassical functions of vitamin D include effects on the immune system, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The nonclassical effects are likely to be equally relevant in the dialysis population, but suffer from a lack of strong evidence on which to base therapeutic targets. Past medical opinion in the nondialysis population warned that higher dose vitamin D supplementation may be toxic and was unnecessary. This is because older supplementation recommendations were based on early twentieth century studies using cod‐liver oil to treat rickets. The clinical resolution of rickets requires a relatively low dose of vitamin D. Current vitamin D guidelines generally target higher 25‐hydroxy‐D levels of 30 ng/ml, based on optimizing markers of bone health. This results in very high estimates of 50–100% for the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in dialysis patients. This review examines the relevance of data on the classical and nonclassical effects of vitamin D in dialysis patients. An evidence‐based dosing regimen for use in dialysis patients is suggested to safely and reliably achieve vitamin D sufficiency.
Improvement in growth after 1 year of growth hormone therapy in well-nourished infants with growth retardation secondary to chronic renal failure: results of a multicenter, controlled, randomized, open clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the growth-promoting effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment in infants with chronic renal failure (CRF) and persistent growth retardation despite adequate nutritional and metabolic management. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The study design included randomized, parallel groups in an open, multicenter trial comparing GH (0.33 mg/kg per wk) with nontreatment with GH during 12 months. Sixteen infants who had growth retardation, were aged 12+/-3 months, had CRF (GFR<or=60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and had adequate nutritional intake and good metabolic control were recruited from eight pediatric nephrology departments from Spain and Portugal. Main outcome measures were body length, body weight, bone age, biochemical and hormonal analyses, renal function, bone mass, and adverse effects. RESULTS Length gain in infants who were treated with GH was statistically greater (P<0.05) than that of nontreated children (14.5 versus 9.5 cm/yr; SD score 1.43 versus -0.11). The GH-induced stimulation of growth was associated with no undesirable effects on bone maturation, renal failure progression, or metabolic control. In addition, GH treatment improved forearm bone mass and increased serum concentrations of total and free IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), whereas IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, GH-binding protein, ghrelin, and leptin were not modified. CONCLUSIONS Infants with CRF and growth retardation despite good metabolic and nutritional control benefit from GH treatment without adverse effects during 12 months of therapy.
Conserved Furin Cleavage Site Not Essential for Secretion and Integration of ZP3 into the Extracellular Egg Coat of Transgenic Mice

ABSTRACT The extracellular zona pellucida surrounding mammalian eggs is formed by interactions of the ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3 glycoproteins. Female mice lacking ZP2 or ZP3 do not form a stable zona matrix and are sterile. The three zona proteins are synthesized in growing oocytes and secreted prior to incorporation into the zona pellucida. A well-conserved furin site upstream of a transmembrane domain near the carboxyl terminus of each has been implicated in the release of the zona ectodomains from oocytes. However, mutation of the furin site (RNRR → ANAA) does not affect the intracellular trafficking or secretion of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ZP3 fusion protein in heterologous somatic cells. After transient expression in growing oocytes, normal EGFP-ZP3 and mutant EGFP-ZP3 associate with the inner aspect of the zona pellucida, which is distinct from the plasma membrane. These in vitro results are confirmed in transgenic mice expressing EGFP-ZP3 with or without the mutant furin site. In each case, EGFP-ZP3 is incorporated throughout the width of the zona pellucida and the transgenic mice are fertile. These results indicate that the zona matrix accrues from the inside out and, unexpectedly, suggest that cleavage at the furin site is not required for formation of the extracellular zona pellucida surrounding mouse eggs.
RN Staffing Time and Outcomes of Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents: Pressure ulcers and other adverse outcomes are less likely as RNs spend more time on direct patient care.

OBJECTIVE:A clear link has been demonstrated between lower nurse staffing levels in hospitals and adverse patient outcomes, but the results of studies of such relationships in long-term care facilities haven’t been as clear. This study explored the time nurses spent in direct care and how it affected outcomes in long-stay (two weeks or longer) nursing home residents. METHODS:In a retrospective study of data collected as part of the National Pressure Ulcer Long-Term Study (NPULS), we analyzed data on 1,376 residents of 82 long-term care facilities whose lengths of stay were 14 days or longer, who were at risk of developing pressure ulcers but had none at study entry, and who had a Braden Scale score of 17 or less. Primary data came from residents’ medical records during 12-week periods in 1996 and 1997. Dependent variables included development of pressure ulcer or urinary tract infection (UTI), weight loss, deterioration in the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), and hospitalization. Independent variables included resident demographics, severity of illness, nutritional and incontinence interventions, medications, and nurse staffing time. RESULTS:More RN direct care time per resident per day (examined in 10-minute increments up to 30 to 40 minutes per resident per day) was associated with fewer pressure ulcers, hospitalizations, and UTIs; less weight loss, catheterization, and deterioration in the ability to perform ADLs; and greater use of oral standard medical nutritional supplements. More certified nursing assistant and licensed practical nurse time was associated with fewer pressure ulcers but did not improve other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:The researchers controlled for important variables in long-stay nursing home residents at risk for pressure ulcers and found that more RN direct care time per resident per day was strongly associated with better outcomes. There’s an urgent need for further research to confirm these findings and, if confirmed, for improving RN staffing in nursing homes to decrease avoidable adverse outcomes and suffering.
The influence of lower extremity postures on kinematics and injuries of cyclists in vehicle side collisions

ABSTRACT Objective: A cyclist assumes various cyclic postures of the lower extremities while pushing the pedals in a rotary motion while pedaling. In order to protect cyclists in collisions, it is necessary to understand what influence these postures have on the global kinematics and injuries of the cyclist. Method: Finite element (FE) analyses using models of a cyclist, bicycle, and car were conducted. In the simulations, the Total Human Model of Safety (THUMS) occupant model was employed as a cyclist, and the simulation was set up such that the cyclist was hit from its side by a car. Three representative postures of the lower extremities of the cyclist were examined, and the kinematics and injury risk of the cyclist were compared to those obtained by a pedestrian FE model. The risk of a lower extremity injury was assessed based on the knee shear displacement and the tibia bending moment. Results: When the knee position of the cyclist was higher than the hood leading edge, the hood leading edge contacted the leg of the cyclist, and the pelvis slid over the hood top and the wrap-around distance (WAD) of the cyclist's head was large. The knee was shear loaded by the hood leading edge, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptured. The tibia bending moment was less than the injury threshold. When the cyclist's knee position was lower than the hood leading edge, the hood leading edge contacted the thigh of the cyclist, and the cyclist rotated with the femur as the pivot point about the hood leading edge. In this case, the head impact location of the cyclist against the car was comparable to that of the pedestrian collision. The knee shear displacement and the tibia bending moment were less than the injury thresholds. Conclusion: The knee height of the cyclist relative to the hood leading edge affected the global kinematics and the head impact location against the car. The loading mode of the lower extremities was also dependent on the initial positions of the lower extremities relative to the car structures. In the foot up and front posture, the knee was loaded in a lateral shear direction by the hood leading edge and as a result the ACL ruptured. The bicycle frame and the struck-side lower extremity interacted and could influence the loadings on lower extremities.
Disk diffusion testing, quality control guidelines, and antimicrobial spectrum of HR810, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, in clinical microbiology laboratories

HR810 is a new, very broad-spectrum cephalosporin with significant activity against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonads, gram-positive cocci, and anaerobes that is generally greater than the third-generation cephalosporins (99.6% of 4,128 clinical facultative enteric isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms of HR810 per ml). Tests and statistical methods to establish in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test criteria favor tentative breakpoints of greater than or equal to 18 mm (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) as susceptible and less than or equal to 14 mm (greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) as resistant. This provides a 93.7 to 98.3% absolute interpretive accuracy. Several preliminary ranges for zone sizes obtained with quality control organisms are proposed for the 30-micrograms HR810 disk diffusion test used during the clinical trials.
International comparison of health care carbon footprints

Climate change confronts the health care sector with a dual challenge. Accumulating climate impacts are putting an increased burden on the service provision of already stressed health care systems in many regions of the world. At the same time, the Paris agreement requires rapid emission reductions in all sectors of the global economy to stay well below the 2 °C target. This study shows that in OECD countries, China, and India, health care on average accounts for 5% of the national CO2 footprint making the sector comparable in importance to the food sector. Some countries have seen reduced CO2 emissions related to health care despite growing expenditures since 2000, mirroring their economy wide emission trends. The average per capita health carbon footprint across the country sample in 2014 was 0.6 tCO2, varying between 1.51 tCO2/cap in the US and 0.06 tCO2/cap in India. A statistical analysis shows that the carbon intensity of the domestic energy system, the energy intensity of the domestic economy, and health care expenditure together explain half of the variance in per capita health carbon footprints. Our results indicate that important leverage points exist inside and outside the health sector. We discuss our findings in the context of the existing literature on the potentials and challenges of reducing GHG emissions in the health and energy sector.
Repetitive Mechanical Stretch Increases Extracellular Collagenase Activity in Vaginal Fibroblasts

Objectives: The objectives were (1) to determine whether human vaginal fibroblasts are mechanosensitive and (2) to study the impact of mechanical stretch on these cells in the presence and absence of hormones. Methods: Fibroblasts obtained from biopsies of full-thickness vagina of 3 women were cyclically biaxially stretched at a magnitude of 8% and 16% for 72 hours with or without 17-&bgr;-estradiol plus progesterone. Culture media were collected and total collagenase activity was measured in duplicate using a fluorogenic substrate degradation assay. Data were analyzed at the 0.05 level of significance using the Student t test. Results: Cells remained 90% viable throughout the experiments. Relative to the controls, hormonal treatment alone decreased collagenase activity (P = 0.008). In the presence of mechanical stretch and in the absence of hormones, collagenase activity was increased (8% elongation, P = 0.04; 16% elongation, P = 0.001, respectively). The increase in collagenase activity was linearly correlated with magnitude (P < 0.001). In the presence of hormones, the increase in enzyme activity by mechanical stretch was suppressed to baseline control levels (P = 0.46). There was no difference in the magnitude of suppression by hormones (P = 0.48). Conclusions: Vaginal connective tissue fibroblasts are mechanosensitive with increased collagenase activity in the presence of stretch. This degradative behavior is inhibited in the presence of hormones. The data provide a mechanism by which events that induce vaginal stretch may lead to progression of pelvic organ prolapse, particularly, in the absence of hormones. Further studies are needed to determine whether these events lead to tissue with inferior mechanical properties.
Cryptocurrency, Confirmatory Bias and News Readability – Evidence from the Largest Chinese Cryptocurrency Exchange

We investigate whether Chinese cryptocurrency investors show confirmatory bias when processing authority‐related news. Authority‐related news is defined as news that is related to government authority (including central bank) policies or talk. By using data from the largest cryptocurrency exchange in China, we find that investors’ response to authority‐related news is negative and significant in general. Moreover, we find that the abnormal trading volume and standard deviation of abnormal trading volume are significantly higher for authority‐related news with higher readability, suggesting investors respond to the more readable authority‐related news with more trading behaviour.
New Structurally Diverse Limonoids from the Seeds of Khaya senegalensis

Abstract Twelve new limonoids (khasenegasins O–Z; 1–12) with three different kinds of skeletons, including eight mexicanolides, two gedunins, and two andirobins, together with four known limonoids (13–16) were isolated from the seeds of Khaya senegalensis. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, 1D/2D NMR), and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by the electronic circular dichroism exciton chirality method. Moreover, a new andirobin-type limonoid (12) showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced injury in primary rat cerebellar granule neuronal cells with increased viability of 83.3 ± 6.0 % at 10 µM and 80.3 ± 3.2 % at 1 µM.
Rendering Renewable: Technoscience and the Political Economy of Waste-to-Energy Regulation in the European Union

Drawing on insights at the intersection of political ecology and studies that examine neoliberalism as an approach to scientific governance, this article interrogates the scientific rationales that underpin (1) waste incineration’s categorization as a type of renewable energy technology in the European Union (EU) and (2) the market expansions that enable the financial viability of the region’s waste-to-energy (WTE) industry. This investigation builds on the emerging literature on renewable energy infrastructure as socioecological fix and is driven by the question, “How has WTE come to serve as a renewable energy source and socioecological fix in the European Union? ” I demonstrate how specific scientific methods and formulas in EU waste and energy policy serve to prop up WTE production as a type of renewable energy and support the construction and subsequent expansion of a regional market in municipal solid waste trade. In sum, this article provides a contemporary empirical example of the connected scientific and political economic processes through which an energy source is classified as renewable and the ensuing capital accumulation opportunities that this designation produces. In doing so, it contributes to dialogues about the political ecology of renewable energy transitions, especially those that articulate a critique of the scientific logics and uneven social power relations related to those transitions. Its normative objective is to illuminate the political economic logics embedded in the technoscience of renewable energy policy and thus open up spaces for alternate discourses and knowledge claims around the renewability of controversial energy technologies to emerge and take hold. Key Words: renewable energy transitions, socioecological fix, technoscience, waste-to-energy.