Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relevance of the listener’s motor system in recalling phrases enacted by the speaker

ABSTRACT Memory for series of action phrases improves in listeners when speakers accompany each phrase with congruent gestures compared to when speakers stay still. Studies reveal that the listeners’ motor system, at encoding, plays a crucial role in this enactment effect. We present two experiments on gesture observation, which explored the role of the listeners’ motor system at recall. The participants listened to the phrases uttered by a speaker in two conditions in each experiment. In the gesture condition, the speaker uttered the phrases with accompanying congruent gestures, and in the no-gesture condition, the speaker stayed still while uttering the phrases. The participants were then invited, in both conditions of the experiments, to perform a motor task while recalling the phrases proffered by the speaker. The results revealed that the advantage of observing gestures on memory disappears if the listeners move at recall arms and hands (same motor effectors moved by the speaker, Experiment 1a), but not when the listeners move legs and feet (different motor effectors from those moved by the speaker, Experiment 1b). The results suggest that the listeners’ motor system is involved not only during the encoding of action phrases uttered by a speaker but also when recalling these phrases during retrieval.
Universal precautions

The paper provides a review of nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and compliance in using ‘universal precautions’ to reduce the risk of contamination and cross infection. Raising the profile of health professionals’ knowledge and compliance in using ‘universal precautions’ is timely. In the UK there is an increasing emphasis on reducing nosocomial infection (Department of Health, 2003) particularly with the increasing rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, for example MRSA. However, the reduction of contamination and cross-infection risk is a focus of healthcare globally, as demonstrated by the breadth of international papers included in this review of research on universal precautions. Universal precautions provide protection for other patients and health professionals from a range of bloodand body-fluid-borne diseases. However the effectiveness of universal precautions relies upon the knowledge of practitioners and the level of compliance in their use. The paper highlights the limited research that has taken place. From the research reviewed, there is evidence that compliance and understanding of the need for universal precautions is relatively low among nurses and midwives. The breadth of the review is limited. Unfortunately, the authors have restricted their literature review to the use of only one database (CINAHL). The list of search terms is not exhaustive and did not include unpublished studies. Knowledge and compliance with universal precautions may have been investigated within headings such as ‘infection control’ or listed in other databases such as Medline. Unpublished studies should also have been included as they are important in providing an indication of the level of publication bias. Publishers generally tend to prefer to publish papers that show the most significant results. Therefore a paper with statistically
The Change in Ocular Higher-Order Aberrations After Pterygium Excision With Conjunctival Autograft: A 1-Year Prospective Clinical Trial

Purpose: To investigate the effects of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft plus corneal polishing on ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and to monitor the changes throughout the first postoperative year. Methods: A total of 18 eyes of 16 patients with primary pterygium who had an indication for surgical excision were included in the study. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination preoperatively and at the third and twelfth postoperative months. Pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft plus corneal polishing was performed by the same surgeon (K.G.). Corneal topography and ocular HOAs were measured by NIDEK optical path difference scanning system ARK-10000 refractive power/corneal analyzer. Results: Root mean square values of total aberrations and total HOAs were found to be significantly decreased both at 3 and 12 months after an uneventful pterygium surgery. Although solely root mean square values of coma and trefoil revealed a statistically significant reduction in the third postoperative month (P = 0.043 and P = 0.018, respectively), after 1 year, all parameters (total coma: P < 0.001; total trefoil: P = 0.004; total quatrefoil: P = 0.010; and total high astigmatism: P = 0.016) except for total spherical aberration (P = 0.236) were found to be lower when compared with the preoperative values. Conclusion: Uneventful pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft plus corneal polishing can significantly reduce most of the pterygium-induced HOAs. Moreover, the reduced postoperative aberrations continue to change beyond the early postoperative period even into the 1-year postoperative period. Therefore, any refractive procedures should be postponed at least 1 year after the pterygium surgery until corneal stability occurs.
Short telomere lengths in peripheral blood leukocytes are associated with an increased risk of oral premalignant lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Short telomeres in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) are associated with increased risks of several cancers. However, it is unclear whether short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) predisposes individuals to OPL and OSCC.
Normal and Pathological Development of Energy Metabolism

spectively--Gordon Brocklehurst, the Hull neurosurgeon, has produced a very lucid and succinctly topical account of aspects of hydrocephalus and spina bifida cystica, and some of the associated minor syndromes (diastematomyelia, myelodysplasia). The critical evaluation by Lorber of systematic and relatively unselected commitment to active surgical treatment of hydrocephalus and spina bifida cystica has allowed a more discriminating application of technical skill in these conditions, and this book provides a most valuable account of the management of the array of problems commonly found. The whole book is not, however, concerned with problems of management. The first five chapters are devoted to pathological and historical reviews, a clinicopathological correlation, and an outline of the epidemiology of spina bifida. Wisely, the authors resist the temptation to be discursive about cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics, but the account of antenatal diagnosis by alpha-fetoprotein assay is rather too cursory for the many paediatricians who will fiu of special value, and fo prevention of open neural ties has the highest appeal. this monograph can be u recommended to all who in the care of patients neural tube deformities.
The effects of bortezomib on bone disease in patients with multiple myeloma

Bortezomib has demonstrated substantial activity in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and is widely incorporated into treatment strategies across the different settings. It is interesting to note that data are accumulating to suggest that the activity of bortezomib extends beyond the tumor cell and microenvironment to encompass effects on bone metabolism. Indeed, data from both the preclinical and clinical settings have suggested that bortezomib directly stimulates osteoblast growth and differentiation, while also inhibiting osteoclast development and activity. Notably, in the clinical setting, the bone anabolic effects of bortezomib could be demonstrated by the healing of lytic lesions as noted in some patients. These results are of importance because bone disease is a hallmark of myeloma and therefore any agent that combines antimyeloma activity with positive effects on bone is of substantial interest. However, further studies are needed to establish how the agent should be used for the treatment of patients with bone disease. Cancer 2014;120:618–623. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Follow‐up of Probably Benign Lesions (BI‐RADS 3 category) in Breast MR Imaging

Abstract: The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of BI‐RADS 3 lesions in breast MR imaging in a clinical patient population and their frequency of malignancy in follow‐up breast MR imaging. In 44/698 (6.3%) patients with breast MR imaging, 56 lesions were categorized to BI‐RADS 3. These lesions were all not palpable and not detectable at conventional mammography or ultrasound. In follow‐up, lesions were score in complete resolved (CRL), partial resolved (PRL), stable lesions (SL), and progressive lesions (PL). Initial signal enhancement of lesions was coded by color intensity (bright for high, medium for medium, dark for low), the postinitial signal enhancement by color hue (blue for increase, green for plateau, red for wash‐out). In first follow‐up breast MR imaging 23/56 (41%) lesions were PRL, 14/56 (25%) lesions were CRL, 14/56 (25%) lesions remained SL. In one of five PL lesions, histopathology revealed a malignant tumor. In initial breast MR imaging, CRL showed significant fewer high pixels (p = 0.002), medium pixels (p = 0.006) significant more low pixels (p = 0.005) and significant more increase pixels (p = 0.037) than PRL. In a clinical patient population the frequency of malignancy of BI‐RADS 3 lesions in breast MR imaging and their frequency of malignancy are similar to that in conventional mammography. In initial breast MR imaging, complete resolved lesions showed less suspicious contrast kinetics than other lesions. In follow‐up, the increase of lesion size should warrant histopathological diagnosis.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer: Tumor Markers as Predictors of Pathologic Response, Recurrence, and Survival

Abstract: This study reports the value of the tumor markers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A community cancer center prospectively maintained breast cancer database containing over 8,000 patient records was used. Since 1989, 464 patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection and were tested for ER and PR. Estrogen receptor and/or PR positive patients were considered hormone receptor (HR) positive. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status was available on 368 patients. Total, breast, and nodal pathologic complete response (pCR) rates, recurrence, and overall survival were assessed. Total and breast pCR rates were higher in HR negative (HR−) patients (26% and 32%, respectively) than in HR positive (HR+) patients (4% and 7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Compared to HR+ patients, HR− patients had higher recurrence rates (38% versus 22%; p < 0.001), a shorter time to recurrence (1.28 versus 2.14 years; p < 0.001), and decreased overall survival (67% versus 81%; p < 0.001). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab (NAT) demonstrated higher total pCR (34% versus 13%; p = 0.008), breast pCR (37% versus 17%; p = 0.02), and nodal pCR rates (47% versus 23%; p = 0.05) compared to HER2+ patients not treated with NAT. Furthermore, HER2+ patients who received NAT had lower recurrence rates (5% versus 42%; p < 0.001) and increased overall survival (97% versus 68%; p < 0.001). In conclusion, breast cancer HR status is predictive of total and breast pCR rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Although HR− patients derive greater benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy in terms of pathologic response, they have worse outcomes in terms of recurrence and survival. Hormone receptor positive patients demonstrate significantly less response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but significantly better overall outcome. For both HR− and HR+, addition of NAT for HER2+ tumors results in both a superior response and outcome.
Preoperative BRAF(V600E) mutation screening is unlikely to alter initial surgical treatment of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules: A prospective case series of 960 patients

BACKGROUND: Preoperative B-type Raf kinase Val600Glu mutation, or BRAF(V600E), analysis has been proposed as a tool to guide initial surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. This study sought to determine if cytologic markers of malignancy are associated with the BRAF(V600E) mutation and if preoperative BRAF(V600E) testing would alter the initial management of patients with indeterminate nodules. METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery for a thyroid nodule between 2003 and 2012 at a tertiary care center were prospectively enrolled. Stored nodule samples were retrospectively genotyped for the BRAF(V600E) mutation. BRAF(V600E) status, demographics, cytologic and histopathologic findings, and choice of initial surgery were examined. RESULTS: A total of 960 patients were enrolled, of which 310 (32%) had an indeterminate nodule. The BRAF(V600E) mutation was identified in 13 patients (4%), 12 of whom had either cytologic atypia or were Bethesda category V. Three percent of Bethesda category III or IV nodules that were malignant harbored the mutation compared with 42% of Bethesda category V malignancies. Nuclear grooves (P = .030), pseudoinclusions (P < .001), and oval nuclei (P = .022) were all more common among BRAF(V600E) mutants. The sensitivities of using BRAF testing alone, cytologic atypia/Bethesda category V classification, or both, were 15%, 73%, and 76%, respectively. Twelve of the 13 BRAF(V600E) mutants had total thyroidectomies initially due to worrisome cytologic features, and therefore the initial management of only one patient would have been altered if BRAF(V600E) testing had been performed preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative mutation screening for BRAF(V600E) does not meaningfully improve risk stratification and is unlikely to alter the initial management of patients with indeterminate nodules.
Immunomarker Studies of Fine‐Needle Cytopuncture Cell Blocks for Tumor Response Prediction After Preoperative Chemotherapy and Prognosis in Operable Nonmetastatic Primary Breast Carcinoma

Abstract: Neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer provides an opportunity to evaluate predictive factors at initial tumor biopsy. We evaluated these factors on cell blocks obtained by diagnostic fine‐needle cytopuncture (FNC), with respect to tumor regression and outcome. A prospective study (1996–2003, median follow‐up 82 months) involved 163 patients with breast carcinoma (T2 ≥3 cm, T3, T4 noninflammatory) diagnosed by means of FNC. Malignancy, cytologic grade, and the presence of lymphocytes were determined on cytologic smears. Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, and p53 expression was assessed on cell blocks by means of immunohistochemistry. All the patients received anthracycline‐based chemotherapy. A combined clinical and pathologic tumor regression score was calculated. Twelve cases (7.5%) showed a complete regression, 72 cases (44%) a partial regression and 79 cases (48.5%) no regression. Factors predictive of regression were high grade, presence of lymphocytes, pN0, high Ki67 expression, hormone receptor negativity, and the “triple negative” phenotype. In univariate analysis 5‐year metastasis‐free survival rate (MFS) correlated with cytologic grade, pN, ER, and p53 status, while overall survival (OS) correlated with cytologic grade, type of surgery, pN, and ER status. In multivariate analysis, MFS was significantly influenced by the regression score, Ki67, age, ER status, pN, HER2, and initial tumor size. Except for age, the same parameters correlated with OS. FNC with the cell block technique is a rapid, minimally invasive, reliable, and inexpensive method for analyzing predictive biomarkers, and may thus be useful in the management of breast cancer patients requiring neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy.
Diagnostic Procedures in Disorders of Calcium Metabolism.

This book was designed to be a handbook in which would be assembled "those diagnostic procedures which may be useful in the investigation and diagnosis of the principal disorders of calcium metabolism, together with the laboratory procedures required to carry them out. " An additional objective was "to indicate the extent of their usefulness. " The book succeeds in its first objective, proving to be a useful handbook, especially for the laboratory that is not primarily oriented in the direction of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone physiology. In the second objective, the authors are less successful. The critical judgment offered for the indications for, and interpretation of, various procedures in evaluating a given patient is minimal; when it is provided it is drawn almost entirely from the authors' own work and thus represents to a great extent their own bias. The reader frequently ends a session uncertain as to why
Concept and viability of androgen annihilation for advanced prostate cancer

There remains no standard of care for patients with a rising prostate‐specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy but who have no radiographic metastases, even though this is the second largest group of patients with prostate cancer (CaP) in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may cure some men with advanced CaP based on single‐institution series and a randomized clinical trial of immediate versus delayed ADT for men found to have pelvic lymph node metastasis at the time of radical prostatectomy. ADT may be more effective when initiated for minimal disease burden, which can be detected using PSA after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy, and if more complete disruption of the androgen axis using newer agents decreases the chance that androgen‐sensitive cells survive to adapt to a low‐androgen environment. Androgens may be “annihilated” simultaneously using a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist or agonist to inhibit testicular production of testosterone, a P45017A1 (CYP17A1) inhibitor to diminish metabolism of testosterone via the adrenal pathway and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) via the backdoor pathway, a 5α‐reductase (SRD5A) inhibitor to diminish testosterone reduction to DHT and backdoor metabolism of progesterone substrates to DHT, and a newer antiandrogen to compete better with DHT for the androgen receptor ligand‐binding domain. Early initiation of androgen annihilation for induction as part of planned intermittent ADT should be safe, may reduce tumor burden below a threshold that allows eradication by the immune system, and may cure many men who have failed definitive local therapy. Cancer 2014;120:2628–2637. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Effect of postmortem interval on the Graft Endothelium During Preservation and After Transplantation for Keratoconus

Purpose: To investigate the effect of postmortem intervals and prognostic factors on endothelial cell density (ECD) of human donor corneas during preservation and at 1 and 3 years after transplantation in patients transplanted for keratoconus. Methods: Two different studies were performed: (1) with 733 donor corneas selected for the preservation study and (2) 64 patients with keratoconus selected retrospectively from 2 hospital clinics. The corneas were evaluated on the basis of the ECD during preservation, study A, and at 1 and 3 years after transplantation, study B. The effect of ≥10 hours of postmortem interval on the percentage of corneal endothelial cell loss (ECL) was determined. Results: The multiple regression showed no statistical significance (P = 0.827) of postmortem interval on ECL during preservation. However, for patients with keratoconus, the postmortem interval was statistically significant at both 1 year (P < 0.0001) and 3 years after transplantation (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The postmortem interval has no influence on the ECD during preservation. However, it has a statistically significant effect on the ECL after transplantation for patients transplanted for keratoconus, and therefore, it becomes eligible to be one of the potential factors affecting the ECD apart from surgical trauma.
Cardiac Morbidity and Mortality in Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Treated with Breast Conservation Therapy

Abstract: Left‐sided breast irradiation has been associated with increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality in some studies. This study examines the cardiac toxicity of irradiation in left‐ versus right‐sided patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The medical records of 129 patients with DCIS treated with breast conservation therapy (BCT) at the Moffitt Cancer Center from 1986 to 2002 were reviewed and data regarding subsequent breast cancer and cardiac events were recorded. There were 59 left‐sided and 70 right‐sided patients treated. Mean age was 55 years. At 8 years, there was no significant difference observed between right‐ and left‐sided breast cancer patients in the development of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, or cardiac‐related death. Among those patients with left‐sided breast cancer, 13.5% of patients developed a cardiovascular event compared to 7% of right‐sided patients (p = 0.25). The overall survival at 8 years was 96% and the relapse‐free survival was 85%. There were no significant differences in cardiac mortality or morbidity between right‐ and left‐sided DCIS patients treated with BCT. Longer follow‐up will be required to ascertain whether late events are more prevalent in left‐sided patients.
Effects of Oral Mucolytics on Tear Film and Ocular Surface

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of oral ambroxol on tear film and ocular surface. Methods: Twenty healthy male subjects with no ocular disease were recruited. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: a control group and an ambroxol group. Ambroxol hydrochloride was administered orally to the ambroxol group. The tear film and ocular surface were evaluated at baseline (10 AM), 12 PM, 6 PM, and 10 AM the next day. Visual analog pain scale, tear film break-up time, fluorescein corneal staining, Schirmer test, tear osmolality, and fluorescein clearance test were measured. Results: The mean visual analog pain scale score increased at 6 PM and 10 AM the next day in the ambroxol group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.018, respectively). The tear film break-up time did not show any significant change in the control group and shortened at 6 PM in the ambroxol group (P = 0.011). The fluorescein corneal staining scores increased at 6 PM in both groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively), and they were higher in the ambroxol group compared with control group at 10 AM the next day (P = 0.035). The mean tear secretion did not show a significant change in the control group and increased at 10 AM the next day in the ambroxol group (P = 0.022). In both groups, the tear osmolality increased at 6 PM (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005, respectively), but the tear osmolality in the ambroxol group was higher compared with control group at 6 PM (P = 0.043). Conclusions: Oral ambroxol may disturb tear film and ocular surfaces by attenuating the mucin layer of the tear film. This study was registered as Clinical Trial at ClinicalTrials.gov. as NCT01713179.