Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for dependency of bacterial growth on enzymatic hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in the mesopelagic ocean

Organic material entering the oceanic mesopelagic zone may either reenter the euphotic zone or settle into deeper waters. Therefore it is important to know about mechanisms and efficiency of substrate conversion in this water layer. Bacterial biomass, bacteria secondary production (BSP). extra­cellular peptidase activity (EPA) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were measured in vertical pro­files of the North Atlantic (46° N 18° W; 57° N 23° W) during the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) cruise in May 1989. The magnitude of these parameters decreased differently with depth. The strong­est decreases were observed for bacterial production (3H-thymidine incorporation) and peptide turn­over (using the substrate analog leucine-methylcoumarinylamide). Bacterial biomass and peptidase potential activity were not reduced as much in the mesopelagic zone. Peptidase potential per unit cell biomass of mesopelagic bacteria was 2 to 3 times higher than that of bacteria in surface water. Nevertheless bacterial growth at depth was slow, due to slow actual hydrolysis. Values of theoretical PON hydrolysis were calculated from PON measurements and protein hydrolysis rates. These corre­sponded well to bacterial production rates, and the degree of correspondence increased from a factor of 0.63 (PON hydrolysis/ESP) in the mixed surface layer to 0.87 in the mesopelagic zone. Thus we hypothesized an effective coupling between particle hydrolysis and uptake of hydrolysate by bacteria, which depletes the deeper water of easily degradable substrates as hydrolysates usually are. The low enzymatic PON turnover rate of 0.04 d- 1 in the subeuphotic zone suggests that residence time of parti­cles within a depth stratum may be important for its contribution to export. storage and recycling of organic matter.
A spatio-temporal model for particulate matter monitored from a heterogeneous network

Modeling atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is an important problem since PM has been linked to many respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. An even more interesting and challenging task is to model PM concentrations monitored on a heterogeneous network over different seasons. In this paper we analyze a data set of daily PM10 concentrations in north Italy for four months of 2003. The data set contained observations from two PM10 monitoring networks one measuring Low Volume sampler Gravimetric (LVG) and the other a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). We develop a flexible hierarchical Bayesian spatio-temporal model which includes seasonal (winter and summer) effects. The fully Bayesian model is implemented, using MCMC techniques, which enables full inference with regard to process unknowns, calibration, validation and predictions in time and space.
Sunflower Leaf Senescence: A Complex Genetic Process with Economic Impact on Crop Production

Leaf senescence is a complex process controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables. In different crops, a delay in leaf senescence has an important impact on grain yield trough the maintenance of the photosynthetic leaf area during the reproductive stage. In sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), the fourth largest oil crop worldwide, senes ‐ cence reduces the capacity of plants to maintain their green leaf area for longer periods, especially during the grain filling phase, leading to important economic losses. In crop species, taking into account the temporal gap between the onset and the phe ‐ notypic detection of senescence, identification of both, candidate genes and functional stay-green are indispensable to enable the early detection of senescence, the elucida ‐ tion of molecular mechanisms and the development of tools for breeding applications. In this chapter a comprehensive literature revision of leaf senescence process not only in model plant species but also in agronomical relevant crops is presented. Results derived from system biology approaches integrating transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological data as well as those leading to the selection and characterization of stay green sunflower genotypes are included, making an important contribution to the knowledge of leaf senescence process and providing a valuable tool to assist in crop breeding.
Consider the wind drift effects in the radar-raingauge comparisons

Most radar-raingauge comparisons follow a major assumption that the precipitation observed aloft impacts the surface directly below the volume sampled by the radar. However, it is well known that rain may be advected laterally considerable distances by the horizontal wind. This is a serious problem when high resolution urban hydrology model are utilized as an input parameter. A new comparison method considering the horizontal displacement is proposed which is to find an optimal horizontal displacement of the radar data above the surface raingauges. After the horizontal adjustment, the radar estimated rain rates aloft will have maximum correlation with the rain rates of surface raingauges. The main assumption is that the precipitation observed by radar within the same sweep will fall down to the ground in the same time and shift with same horizontal displacement. Three convective events in Darwin, Australia were analyzed; the analysis shows that excellent results could be achieved using KDP-based rain-rate estimator by C-band polarimetric radar. The normalized error (normalized bias) of radar-raingauge comparisons for the traditional method is 43.9% (-14.1%) and for the optimal method is 27.0% (-10.7%). It's about 17% * Corresponding author address: Ben. J.-D. Jou, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, 61 Lane 144 Kee-Long Rd. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O. C; e-mail: jou@as.ntu. edu.tw improvement of the normalized error when the optimal method is applied.
Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of three microsporidian parasites of fish

Summary. The technique of pulsed field gel electrophoresis has been used to differentiate the chromosomes of Glugea stephani, Microgemma ovoidea, and two isolates of Spraguea lophii from different regions of Spain (Atlantic Ocean at Galicia and Mediterranean Sea at Catalonia). Although the karyotype of M. ovoidea could not be completely resolved, the range of sizes of its chromosomes was obtained (282-2601Kb). G. stephani showed 15 bands ranging 340-2654Kb and an estimated total size of the haploid genome of about 16775Kb. Both isolates of S. lophii had a very similar karyotype with 10 bands for the Atlantic isolate (range 266-1076 Kb) and 11 bands for the Mediterranean isolate (range 271-1120Kb). Digital processing of the gels allowed detection of non-homologous chromosome co-migration and revealed that both S.lophii isolates had 15 different kinds of DNA fragments, which could be interpreted by a homozygotic hypothesis (15 chromosomes) or a heterozygotic hypothesis (14 chromosome pairs, 13 pairs with the same size for both homologous, and a pair formed by a chromosome of about 423-490 Kb and its homologous of 353-495Kb).
Effect of osmotic stress and post-stress recovery on the content of phenolics and properties of antioxidants in germinating seeds of grapevine Vitis californica

The tested material consisted of grapevine Vitis californica stratified seeds germinated under optimum conditions (+25°C in water), under osmotic stress (-0.2 MPa in PEG solution) and submitted to recovery after stress (+25°C in water). The germinating seeds were determined to contain tannins, catechins and the following phenolic acids: gallic, caffeic, p -coumaric and ferulic. The acids occurred in free, ester- and glycoside-bound forms. The dominant form of phenolic acids was the ester-bound fraction. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in germinating seeds, while ferulic acid appeared in the smallest amounts. Our analysis of tannins demonstrated that osmotic stress depressed their concentration. Presence of catechin group compounds such as catechin and epicatechin was also determined. In each sample epicatechin was dominant. The total concentration of catechin increased under stress conditions and declined during post-stress recovery. Catechins are a constituent of tannins and their increase under osmotic stress is most probably caused by the breakdown of some tannins in seeds germinating under stress conditions. Samples submitted to osmotic stress were also found to contain less of total phenolic compounds, whereas in samples which underwent post-stress recovery the total level of phenolic compounds increased. Compared to extracts from seeds germinating under optimum conditions, osmotic stress depressed the capacity of extract to scavenge DPPH ● (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS ●+ – 2,2-Azino-bis (3-etylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals, but the antioxidant activity rose in seeds submitted to recovery after stress. Positive correlation was therefore demonstrated between the total content of phenolic acids in germinating grapevine seeds and the reducing power of extracts obtained from these seeds and their free radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that osmotic stress inhibits the activity of antioxidizing enzymes in germinating grapevine seeds. Thus, the antioxidative defence system is largely blocked under osmotic stress. It seems that a very high oxidoreductive potential in grapevine tissues prior to occurrence of osmotic stress is essential for maintaining proper homeostasis of oxidation and reduction reactions.
Optimising exercise based cardiac rehabilitation programs in the Netherlands : One size does not FIT all

Als eerste beschrijft dit proefschrift 2 systematische reviews van de literatuur. Hierin wordt onderzocht wat de bijdrage van verschillende karakteristieken van fysieke trainingsprogramma’s voor revalidatie van hartpatienten is in de positieve effecten hiervan op de inspanningscapaciteit. Hieruit bleek dat met name de totale trainingsomvang (product van duur en intensiteit) bepalend is voor het effect van de training. Daarna worden een tweetal studies beschreven waarin de inhoud van fysieke hartrevalidatieprogramma’s in Nederland beter in kaart wordt gebracht. Hieruit bleek dat momenteel meestal geen rekening wordt gehouden met individuele patientkarakteristieken in het voorschrijven van training. Bovendien worden lang niet altijd de laatste richtlijnen gevolgd. In het laatste deel van dit proefschrift beschrijven we ten eerste de ontwikkeling van een computergestuurd beslisondersteuningssysteem op basis van de laatste richtlijnen. Hierna wordt een studie beschreven waarin het effect van het gebruik van dit beslisondersteuningssysteem wordt getest op het gepersonaliseerd voorschrijven van trainingsprogramma’s in de hartrevalidatie. Hieruit bleek dat dit het gebruik van dit systeem niet leidde tot grote veranderingen in het voorschrijven van trainingsprogramma’s. Concluderend kunnen de bevindingen van dit proefschrift belangrijke gevolgen hebben voor de dagelijks praktijk van de fysieke hartrevalidatie. De bevindingen uit dit proefschrift kunnen met name gebruikt worden om nieuwe verbeterinitiatieven te ontwikkelen om meer gepersonaliseerd trainingsprogramma’s voor te schrijven in de hartrevalidatie teneinde de positieve effecten van hartrevalidatie nog beter te benutten.
Introduction to socialisation : recent research on childhood and children in the past

Socialisation is a research field in the sciences, arts and humanities dealing with essentially the whole process of learning throughout the course of human life. Many disciplines are engaged in advancing knowledge and understanding of the material and immaterial influence of socialisation on the actions of children and adults and on the interrelationships in the worlds between them. Associated with the study of childhood in the past, and the advancement of the field as an explicate area of research on the academic scene, the issue of socialisation is brought forward here to respond to and give a taste of the variation and richness of the field. As a theme underlining a growing amount of recent literature on childhood and children in the past, such as anthropology (LeVine & New 2008, Lancy 2008, Montgomery 2009), archaeology (Sofaer Derevenski 2000, Baxter 2005, Wileman 2005, Dommasnes & Wrigglesworth 2008, Rogersdotter 2008), classical studies (Beaumont 2000, Rawson 2003, Neils & Oakley 2003, Cohen & Rutter 2007), history (Orme 2003, Stearns 2006) and history of religion (Bakke 2005), the central part in the discourse on socialisation has been directed towards children as the active agents or the passive appendages to adults. Whether or not general theories of childhood and the socialisation of children exist in these disciplines, the field is at least lacking a thoroughly considered framework for interpretation (for an overview, cf. Crawford & Lewis 2008). The overall aim of this presentation is to introduce the contents of the volume and reflect on some theoretical and methodological aspects of childhood linked with the study of socialisation of children in the past. To sum up the general discussions of the essays in the volume, I will look at some general and particular tendencies and trends in the recent studies dedicated to this field of research.
Glomerulonephritis and the Cystic Fibrosis Patient

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease with an evolving definition. Through earlier diagnosis and newborn screening programs, as well as a robust world-wide research program, we are able to treat individuals afflicted with this life-threatening malady more aggressively and with earlier interventions. Despite our progress in extending the life expectancy of the typical CF patient, the disease is still viewed by the general medical community as one of childhood.
Which Variables Influence Signs and Symptoms after Lower Third Molar Extraction? AnExperimental Study

Introduction: Many variables may influence post-operative symptoms after lower third molar extraction. Objective: To assess which pre and intra-operative variables may influence postoperative signs and symptoms after lower third molar extraction. Materials and Methods: 17 patients scheduled for lower third molar extraction were included in this study. Patients were pre-operatively asked to perform a cold pressor test and to fill a questionnaire about the expectation of pain. Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess dental anxiety. Swelling and trismus were assessed before surgery, and two days and seven day after surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed at the end of the surgery and for the subsequent 6 days. Maximum post-operative pain was used as main outcome variable. Pearson correlation was used as statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The only two variables correlated to maximum post-operative pain were the expectation of pain during the first day after surgery (r= 0.64, p= 0.006) and the duration of cold pressor test (r= 0.52, p= 0.03). The only variable correlated to trismus and swelling at 2 days was the duration of surgery (r=-.66, p=.007 and r= 0.79, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Post-operative pain after lower third molar extraction results to be associated to subjective variables as pain expectation and tolerance, instead post-operative signs are found to be associated to the duration of surgery.
Different levels of supplied energy for lactating cowsaffect physicochemical attributes of milk

1 Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, RS, Brazil 2 University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Brasília, 70910-900, DF, Brazil 3 Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-610, RS, Brazil 4 Riograndense Higher Education Center (CESURG), Sarandi, 99560-000, RS, Brazil 5 Faculties of Itapiranga, Itapiranga, 89896-000, SC, Brazil 6 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation EmbrapaTemperate Climate National Centre, Pelotas, 96010-971, RS, Brazil 7 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Semi-arid, Petrolina, 56302-970, PE, Brazil
The effect of the growth rate and meatiness of young gilts during rearing on the growth and development of their reproductive system

The effects of reproduction performance of sows may be subject to the degree of progress growth and development of their reproductive system. The aim of the study focused on the effect of the growth rate and meatiness on the potential fertility of gilts. In total, developmental stages of reproductive organs of gilts of two breeds Polish Large White (n = 100) and Polish Landrace (n = 100) were used. The animals were divided into three groups depending on their daily gains (≤ 850 g, 851 - 1000 g and > 1000 g). Feed efficiency was similar in each group, and amounted to 2.91, 2.57 and 2.34 kg/kg, respectively. Meat content in carcass demonstrated significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between three groups for the Polish Landrace breed (61%, 61% and 59.2%, respectively). An adverse effect of a high growth rate was confirmed for uterine weight (P ≤ 0.05), vaginal and cervical length (P ≤ 0.01), total length of the uterine horns (P ≤ 0.01) and uterine capacity (P ≤ 0.01) mainly in the Polish Large White breed. Similarly to ovarian volume, ovarian weight showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.05), however disproportionately to the rate of growth. The most favourable properties have been demonstrated in the Polish Large White characterized by moderate growth rate (P ≤ 0.01). Research on the scope of the assessment growth and development of the reproductive system of prepubertal gilts is very limited. Thus, this study brings important data about factors affecting morphometrical characteristics of the uteri, ovaries and oviducts of gilts.
The division of domestic labor in Taiwanese households

Using the 1995-1996 Taiwan Social Survey, this research applied major perspectives developed in the United States, the economic resources model and the gender ideology model, to the division of household labor in Taiwan, where gender norms have been strongly influenced by traditional patriarchal thinking while rapid economic growth in the past two decades has improved womens socioeconomic status. The results show that while mens economic resources and the gender ideology can explain their housework participation relatively well, the same variables for women explained their share of the housework rather poorly. I also examined the gender display/deviance neutralization model but failed to find any supports.
Planetary nebula distances in Gaia DR2

Context. Planetary nebula distance scales often suffer from model-dependent solutions. Model-independent trigonometric parallaxes have been rare. Space-based trigonometric parallaxes are now available for a larger sample using the second Data Release of Gaia. Aims. We aim to derive a high-quality approach for selection criteria of trigonometric parallaxes for planetary nebulae and discuss possible caveats and restrictions in the use of this Data Release. Methods. A few hundred sources from previous distance scale surveys were manually cross-identified with data from the second Gaia Data Release (DR2) because coordinate-based matching does not work reliably. The data were compared with the results of previous distance scales and to the results of a recent similar study that used the first Data Release Gaia DR1. Results. While the few available previous ground-based trigonometric parallaxes as well as those obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope perfectly match the new data sets, older statistical distance scales, reaching larger distances, do show small systematic differences. When we restrict the comparison to the central stars for which the photometric colors of Gaia show a negligible contamination by the surrounding nebula, the difference is negligible for statistical distances based on radio flux, while those derived from Hα surface brightness still show minor differences. The DR2 study significantly improves the previous recalibration of the statistical distance scales using DR1/TGAS.
A Comparison of the Finite Sample Properties of Selection Rules of Factor Numbers in Large Datasets

In this paper, we compare the properties of the main criteria proposed for selecting the number of factors in dynamic factor model in a small sample. Both static and dynamic factor numbers' selection rules are studied. Simulations show that the GR ratio proposed by Ahn and Horenstein (2013) and the criterion proposed by Onatski (2010) outperform the others. Furthermore, the two criteria can select accurately the number of static factors in a dynamic factors design. Also, the criteria proposed by Hallin and Liska (2007) and Breitung and Pigorsch (2009) correctly select the number of dynamic factors in most cases. However, empirical applications show most criteria select only one factor in presence of one strong factor.
Biomass and nutritional evaluation of German grass (Echinochloa polystachya) cultivated on floating bed

German and Napier grasses were cultivated on floating agricultural bed at the valley of Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) to find out a suitable fodder for floating bed fodder cultivation. Later, German grass was cultivated on five floating beds at Hemupara of Jaintapur, Sylhet and also produced at land of SAU campus. German grass samples from both floating beds and land, as well as local Bermuda grass from Hemupara were evaluated for assessment of biomass production, proximate and fiber composition. There was no significant difference in length and production of German grass cultivated on floating bed and land cultivation. German grass production cost on floating bed was 2.3 Tk/kg. German grass from floating bed contained more ether extract, Ash, Neutral detergent fiber and cellulose than that from land cultivation. DM, Ash, CP, EE, CF and NFE of German grass on floating beds at Hemupara were 199.7g/kg, 20.1g/kg, 57.2g/kg, 37.2g/kg, 411.8gm/kg and 273.9g/kg respectively. The fiber components of German grass on floating beds were NDF (696.4g/kg), ADF (452.2g/kg), ADL (100.1g/kg), cellulose (244.1g/kg) and hemicellulose (352.1g/kg). German grass can be considered as a suitable fodder for floating bed fodder cultivation when there is long term water logging as an alternative fodder production practice in Bangladesh.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (4): 249-257
The Volatility of Oil Prices: What Factors?

This paper highlights a new articulation between the physical fundamentals of the oil market, the traditional financial factors and the emergence of recent financial fundamentals to explain WTI crude oil price volatility over the period 1995 M1 and 2013 M12. A first vector error correction model (VECM) identifies a co - integration relationship between WTI spot price, the import and inventory of crude oil in the United States, the dollar index and the 5-year US interest rate. A second model with the introduction of the future prices at two months and kcfsi index. The result of our work shows a low correlation of import and inventory of crude oil in the United States with respect to short-term oil prices. But in contrast to a strong long-term correlation. The introduction of speculation and KCFSI index affects the oil price dynamics in the long and short-term. The two traditional financial factors (dollar index and the 5-year US interest rate) are found to be weakly exogenous in the long run.