Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Corporate Governance: A Hurdle or Steroid in the Commercialization of Innovations?

Products such as the i-pod, i-pad and i-tunes have revolutionized the way we look at technology. Largely, the origins of such innovative products have always been in the developed countries. India however is well known for providing low cost services especially in the areas of Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing. Barring some innovations such as the Nano, introduced by Tata Motors, there are a few that really stand out. This study looks at the relationship among efforts in innovation, realized innovation and market value of firms. It empirically examines whether Corporate Governance (CG) mechanisms hamper or catalyze the critical stage of commercialization of innovations. Our message to principals is that they need to move beyond lip service and pay attention to the efficacy of processes within the ambit of the CG framework.
Health Locus of Control, Death Anxiety and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria

This study examined the influence of health locus of control and death anxiety on risky sexual behavior among undergraduate students in Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Three hundred (300) undergraduate students were randomly selected from among the students of Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria for the study. Four hypotheses were tested and results revealed that there is a significant effect of health locus of control on risky sexual behavior [(F (1,296) = 7.74; P . 05]. It was also revealed that there is a joint influence of health locus of control and death anxiety on risky sexual behavior [F (1,296) = 8.65; P < . 05]. It was also found out that there is a significant difference in the levels of risky sexual behavior of female and male undergraduate students [t (298) = 6.44; P < . 05]. The result indicated that age of respondents is a significant factor influencing their risky sexual behavior [t (298) = 5.58; P < . 05]. It was also found out that there is a significant relationship between health locus of control and death anxiety [r = . 451, P < . 01], health locus of control and risky sexual behavior [r = . 237, P < . 01], and risky sexual behavior and death anxiety [r =. 216, P < . 01]. The result also indicated that a significant relationship exists between health locus of control and age [r = . 136, P < . 01]. The findings were discussed in line with previous literature and it was recommended that sex education be included in school curricular to enhance people’s communication about sexuality and sex related issues, and to boost healthy sexual and interpersonal relationships among dating partners and sexual populace which would, in turn, impact man-power and boost economy.
Allelic distribution of HLA class I genes in the Tibetan ethnic population of China

Tibetans live in Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau rising about 4000 m a.s. l. in south‐west China. Archaeological evidences suggested that there have been humans living in Tibet at least 5000 years ago. However, Tibetan earlier history remains elusive. In the present study, allelic distribution of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, ‐B and ‐Cw in 158 unrelated Tibetan Chinese was investigated using sequencing‐based typing methods, and a total of 25 HLA‐A, 45 HLA‐B and 20 HLA‐Cw alleles were identified. A*24G1 (27.2%), B*51G1 (16.8%), Cw*04G1 (13.3%) and Cw*070201G1 (13.3%) are the most common HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐Cw alleles. The most frequently detected haplotypes were A*24G1‐B*51G1‐Cw*140201 (3.6%), A*24G1‐B*51G1 (6.8%), A*02G1‐Cw*070201G1 (6.5%) and B*51G1‐Cw*140201 (5.0%). Chi‐squared test suggested that all three loci fitted the Hardy–Weinberg expectations. No evidence for a departure from selective neutrality at the HLA‐A and ‐B loci was observed. However, significant departure of the observed homozygosity from the expected values was found for HLA‐Cw. Though the contemporary Tibetans inhabit the south‐west China, Nei's genetic distance measure based on frequencies of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐Cw indicated that Tibetans were closer to northern Han Chinese, Mongolian Chinese, Koreans and Japanese rather than to southern Han Chinese. The corresponding dendrogram constructed according to the neighbour‐joining method supported that Tibetans separated from southern Han and located in North‐East Asian cluster which included northern Han Chinese and Mongolian Chinese. These data were in good agreement with language classification and with a recent hypothesis that Tibetan might originate from northern China along Yellow river.
NO 1 but not NO radical relaxes airway smooth muscle via cGMP-independent release of internal Ca 2 1

NO 1 but not NO radical relaxes airway smooth muscle via cGMP-independent release of internal Ca 2 1 . Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278: L899–L905, 2000. —We compared the effects of two redox forms of nitric oxide, NO 1 [liberated by S -nitroso- N -acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP)] and NO z [liberated by 3-morpholinosyd-nonimine (SIN-1) in the presence of superoxide dismutase], on cytosolic concentration of Ca 2 1 ([Ca 2 1 ] i ; single cells) and tone (intact strips) obtained from human main stem bronchi and canine trachealis. SNAP evoked a rise in [Ca 2 1 ] i that was unaffected by removing external Ca 2 1 but was markedly reduced by depleting the internal Ca 2 1 pool using cyclopiazonic acid (10 2 5 M). Dithiothreitol (1 mM) also antagonized the Ca 2 1 transient as well as the accompanying relaxation. SNAP attenuated responses to 15 and 30 mM KCl but not those to 60 mM KCl, suggesting the involvement of an electromechanical coupling mechanism rather than a direct effect on the contrac- tile apparatus or on Ca 2 1 channels. SNAP relaxations were sensitive to charybdotoxin (10 2 7 M) or tetraethylammonium (30 mM) but not to 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). Neither SIN-1 nor 8-bromoguanosine 3 8 ,5 8 -cyclic monophosphate had any signiﬁcant effect on resting [Ca 2 1 ] i , although both of these agents were able to completely reverse tone evoked by carbachol (10 2 7 M). We conclude that NO 1 causes release of internal Ca 2 1 in a cGMP-independent fashion, leading to activation of Ca 2 1 -dependent K 1 channels and relaxation, whereas NO z relaxes the airways through a cGMP-depen-dent, Ca 2 1 -independent pathway.
How Work Environment affects the Employee Engagement in a Telecommunication Company

The purpose of this study is to explore the employee engagement which is predicted to be affected by rewards, work environment and work-life balance. This study also further investigates which factor (rewards, work environment and work-life balance) highly affects employee engagement. A quantitative survey questionnaire was developed which explores the behaviour, experiences, perspectives and feelings of respondents towards their engagement. Descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied in this study to measure the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Based on data from the sample of 250 employees in a telecommunication organization in Klang Valley, work environment is the most influential factor that contributes towards employee engagement. This is followed by rewards and work-life balance consecutively.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN STRUKTUR AKTIFA TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR GO PUBLIK (Studi Sektor Kosmetik Dan Keperluan Rumah Tangga)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the firm size, profitability, liquidity and asset structure to the capital manufacturing companies. This study focused on Cosmetic and Household use sector companies listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia for period 2010-2015. The data used in this research is secondary data, financial highlights (annual report) and performance summary. This study used purposive sampling method in order to collect the sample. Analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 19. The result of this research indicates that firm size, profitability, liquidity and asset structure simultaneously significantly influence to capital structure. The values that have been adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R-square) for 87,6% can be concluded that factors, while the remaining amount of 12,4% influenced by other variables that are not included in this study, for example earning stability, operating leverage, growth opportunity and tax. Keywords : Capital Structure, Firm Size, Profitability, Liquidity and Asset Structure
Lactating Mothers’ Weaning Practices in Lamingo, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Weaning is the introduction of the first solid foods to infants and maintenance of breastfeeding by demand up to two years of age. The first months of infants’ life are characterized by rapid growth and development and cultural, occupational and educational factors could influence these various weaning practices. This descriptive, cross-sectional, community-based study among 219 breastfeeding mothers, in Lamingo assessed weaning practices among them. Methodology: The participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using pre-tested, semi- structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed using Epi-Info version 3.4. 5 software. Results: Most 104(47.0%), of the respondents had a good knowledge on weaning practices. One hundred and sixty seven (76.3%) of them introduced weaning foods at the age of 6 months. Majority 87(39.7%) of the respondents gave their children ‚gwete, a local porridge made from hungry rice with vegetables‛ as the first food. The knowledge of weaning practices was significantly influenced by the mothers’ level of education (p=0.0045). Conclusion: This study showed that most of the respondents had good knowledge on weaning practices, but were ignorant on what weaning meant. Therefore, it was recommended that mothers should be educated on the importance of weaning to the growth and development of the child.
A proposed set of criteria for supply chain strategy evaluation

This note explores the applicability of evaluation criteria to the problem of evaluating the supply chain strategy (SCS) of an organization. A discussion of SCS evaluation is relevant today, as the validity of the dominant approach – proposed two decades ago and based on matching types – has come into question. While evaluation criteria have a long history in other disciplines, they are new to SCS evaluation. To help supply chain (SC) scholars assess the applicability of evaluation criteria to SCS, this note proposes a tentative set of criteria and provides insights derived from the authors’ recent experience. We propose that the use of criteria for the evaluation of SCS may be a useful alternative, or at least a complement, to the dominant approach. These proposed criteria are currently being validated in a project with a company in Uruguay; we invite further empirical validation by third parties.
Cache pollution in Web proxy servers

Caching has been used for decades as an effective performance enhancing technique in computer systems. The Least Recently Used (LRU) cache replacement algorithm is a simple and widely used scheme. Proxy caching is a common approach to reduce network traffic and delay in many World Wide Web (WWW) applications. However, some characteristics of WWW workloads make LRU less attractive in proxy caching. In the recent years, several more efficient replacement algorithms have been suggested. But, these advanced algorithms require a lot of knowledge about the workloads and are generally difficult to implement. The main attraction of LRU is its simplicity. In this paper we present two modified LRU algorithms and compare their performance with the LRU. Our results indicate that the performance of the LRU algorithm can be improved substantially with very simple modifications.
The Health Care Costs of Violence Against Women

The aim of this study is to analyze the health care costs of violence against women. For the study, we used a register-based approach where we identified victims of violence and assessed their actual health care costs at individual level in a bottom-up analysis. Furthermore, we identified a reference population. We computed the attributable costs, that is, the excess health care costs for victims compared to an identified reference population of nonvictims. Only costs within the health care sector were included, that is, somatic and psychiatric hospital costs, costs within the primary health care sector and costs of prescription pharmaceuticals. We estimated the attributable health care costs of violence against women in Denmark, using a generalized linear model where health care costs were modeled as a function of age, childbirth, and exposure to violence. In addition we tested whether socioeconomic status, multiple episodes of violence, and psychiatric contacts had any impact on health care costs. We found that the health care costs were about €1,800 higher for victims of violence than for nonvictims per year, driven mostly by higher psychiatric costs and multiple episodes of violence.
Influence of apoptosis on neurological outcome following traumatic cerebral contusion.

OBJECT Apoptosis has increasingly been implicated in the pathobiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study was undertaken to confirm the presence of apoptosis in the periischemic zone (PIZ) of traumatic cerebral contusions and to determine the role of apoptosis, if any, in neurological outcome. METHODS Brain tissue harvested at Wentworth Hospital from the PIZ in 29 patients with traumatic supratentorial contusions was compared with brain tissue resected in patients with epilepsy. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the tissues to see if they contained the apoptosis-related proteins p53, bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3. The findings were then correlated to demographic, clinical, surgical, neuroimaging, and outcome data. In the PIZ significant increases of bax (18-fold; p < 0.005) and caspase-3 (20-fold; p < 0.005) were recorded, whereas bcl-2 was upregulated in only 14 patients (48.3%; 2.9-fold increase) compared with control tissue. Patients in the bcl-2-positive group exhibited improved outcomes at the 18-month follow-up examination despite an older mean age and lower mean admission Glasgow Coma Scale score (p < 0.03). Caspase-3 immunostaining was increased in those patients who died (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] Score 1, 12 patients) when compared with those who experienced a good outcome (GOS Score 4 or 5, 17 patients) (p < 0.005). Regression analysis identified bcl-2-negative status (p < 0.04, odds ratio [OR] 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-28.4) and caspase-3-positive status (p < 0.01, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8) as independent predictors of poor outcome. No immunostaining for p53 was recorded in the TBI specimens. CONCLUSIONS The present findings confirm apoptosis in the PIZ of traumatic cerebral contusions and indicate that this form of cell death can influence neurological outcome following a TBI.
Predictors of Weight Loss in Obese Older Adults: Findings from the USA and the UK

Objective: To examine the prevalence and demographic predictors of clinically meaningful weight loss in community samples of obese older adults in the USA and the UK. Methods: Data were from obese older adults (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; age ≥ 52 years), free of a cancer diagnosis, from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 3398) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 998). Weight change was assessed from 2004 to 2008. Multivariable logistic regression tested whether age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, education, or BMI predicted ≥ 5% weight loss. Results: Over a quarter (28.7%) of obese participants from HRS and 16.6% from ELSA lost ≥ 5% weight. Being female (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.54) and heavier (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.37-1.87) predicted weight loss in HRS. Trends were similar in ELSA (female: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.83-1.69; BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.85-1.82). ORs were increased in ≥ 65-year-olds in HRS (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.33-1.81), and reduced in married people in ELSA (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-1.00). Neither education nor ethnicity predicted weight loss in either cohort. Conclusion: A high proportion of obese older adults experience clinically meaningful weight loss, but few demographic variables consistently predict weight loss in this population.
Probing the Mass Distribution in Groups of Galaxies using Gravitational Lensing

In this paper, we present a numerical study of gravitational lensing by groups of galaxies. Since groups are abundant and therefore have a large covering fraction on the sky, lensing by groups is likely to be very important observationally. Besides, it has recently become clear that many models for strong lensing by individual galaxies require external shear to reproduce the observed image geometries; in many cases a nearby group is detected that could provide this shear. In this work, we study the expected lensing behavior of moderate-redshift analogs of compact galaxy groups in both the weak- and strong-lensing regimes. We show how measurements of the tangential shear can be used to determine whether groups possess a massive common group halo or whether most of the mass is associated with the individual galaxies. From our simulations, we find that the peak value of the weak-lensing shear signal is of the order of 3% and varies by a factor of about 2 for different assumed mass distributions. We demonstrate that these variations are large enough to be detectable with 3 σ confidence from space with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope with only 100 groups, or alternatively with 2 σ confidence from the ground with about 200 groups, by stacking high-quality images. In the strong-lensing regime, we find that the image geometries and typical magnifications are sensitive to the group properties and that groups can easily provide enough external shear to produce quadruple images. We investigate the statistical properties of lensing galaxies that are near to or part of a group and find that properties such as the distribution of time delays are affected measurably by the presence of the group, which can therefore introduce an additional systematic error in the measurement of the Hubble constant from such systems. We conclude that both the detection of weak lensing by groups and accurate observations of strong galaxy lens systems near groups could provide important information on the total mass and matter distribution within galaxy groups.
Termite Assemblage Pattern and Niche Partitioning in a Tropical Forest Ecosystem

ABSTRACT Termites are major plant decomposers in tropical forest ecosystems, but their cryptic nature poses an obstacle for studying their ecological roles in depth. In the current study, we quantified climatic and geographic information of 137 termite collection sites in the Kenting National Park, Taiwan, and described the ecological niches and assemblage patterns of 13 termite species of three families. Three major assemblage patterns are reported. First, the three termite families were found in most landcovering types with similar number of species, which indicated that each family played a unique role in the ecosystem. Second, average numbers of termite species were not different among collection sites, but the total number of termite species found in each landcovering type was different, which indicated that termite niche capacity in each small area was the same but some landcovering types were composed of diverse microhabitats to host more termite species. Third, termite species of every family showed distinct moisture preferences in their habitat choices. In addition to the three assemblage patterns, we found that niche size of the advanced termite family, Termitidae, was larger than that of the primitive termite families, Rhinotermitidae or Kalotermitidae. The broader choices of cellulosic materials as food sources may allow Termitidae to adapt to more diverse environments than exclusive wood feeders. Termite niche quantification could further be used to study termite pest adaption in urban areas, interspecific competition between native and invasive species, and plant decomposition processes.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Ex Vivo Cervical Spinal Cord Specimens: The Immediate and Long‐Term Effects of Fixation on Diffusivity

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an emerging noninvasive method for evaluating tissue microstructure, but is highly susceptible to in vivo motion artifact. Ex vivo experiments on fixed tissues are needed to improve DTI techniques, which require fixed tissue specimens. Several efforts have been made to study the effect of fixation on both human and mouse tissue, with varying results. Four human cervical cords and three segments of pig cervical spinal cord specimens were imaged both before and after tissue fixation using 3D multishot diffusion weighted imaging (ms‐DWEPI). Fixation caused a significant decrease in the longitudinal diffusivity whereas the relative anisotropy (RA) and radial diffusivity remained unaffected. Additionally, once adequately preserved, the diffusivity parameters of fixed tissue remain constant over time. Fixation has important effects on the diffusivity of tissue specimens. These findings have important implications for the determination of tissue microstructure and function using DTI technologies. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
σ28-Dependent Transcription in Salmonella enterica Is Independent of Flagellar Shearing

ABSTRACT The FlgM anti-σ28 factor is secreted in response to flagellar hook-basal body completion to allow σ28-dependent transcription of genes needed late in flagellar assembly, such as the flagellin structural gene, fliC. A long-standing hypothesis was that one role of FlgM secretion was to allow rapid expression of flagellin in response to shearing. We tested this hypothesis by following FlgM secretion and fliC transcription in response to flagellar shearing. Experiments showed that the level of FlgM inside the cell was unchanged after shearing whereas the extracellular FlgM levels increased in the growth medium as time passed. Identical results were obtained with cells that were not exposed to shear forces: internal FlgM levels remained constant while external FlgM levels rose with time at rates similar to those for the sheared culture. Consistent with this find, FlgM/σ28-dependent class 3 gene expression was unaffected by flagellar shearing but was affected by the growth phase of the cell. Regardless of exposure to shear forces, flagellar class 3 transcription rose sharply and then declined. These results demonstrate that flagellar regrowth following shearing is independent of FlgM secretion.
Kualitas Audit: Studi Pengaruh Time Budget Pressure dan

This study aimed to identify the influence of Time Budget Pressure and auditor independence toward audit quality either partially or simultaneously, that are expected to contribute the inputs of policy for auditors and leaders of public accounting firm in Bandung. Before testing with that multiple linear regression, test the validity and reliability has been done to ensure the validity of the data, the test results show that the data obtained are valid and reliable. Furthermore, the classical assumption test to assure that the regression equation obtained has accuracy in estimation, unbiased and consistent. Regression testing is carried out in this study and the equation result is Y = 22,637-0,688X_1 + 0,156X_2 + ε. Hypothesis test in this research is test the coefficient of determination, t test and F test. The results of those test show that the effect of significant variables X and Y either simultaneously or partially. The coefficient of determination shows 53% which means that audit quality is influenced by two factors: Time Budget Pressure and Auditor Independence, while the remaining 47% improvement of audit quality is influenced by other factors not included in this study.