Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Small Molecule That Induces Mitotic Arrest Using a Simplified High-Content Screening Assay and Data Analysis Method

High-content screening has emerged as a newand powerful technique for identifying small-molecule modulators ofmammalian cell biology. The authors describe the development and execution of a high-content screen to identify smallmolecules that induce mitotic arrest in mammalian cancer cells. Many widely used chemotherapeutics, such as Taxol ®and vinblastine, induce mitotic arrest, and the creation of new drugs that also induce mitotic arrest may have tremendous therapeutic value. In their screen, the authors employed a simple DNA stain (DAPI) and a sensitive nonparametric statistical test to identify compounds from an internal collection of 13,000 high-quality lead-like small molecules. Subsequent analysis of 1 active compound indicated that it induces mitotic arrest, assessed using a high-content phosphohistone H3 detection assay, and caused cell proliferation defects inmultiple cancer cell lines. The active compound, a quinazolinone originating from a natural product-like subset of the screened compounds, is active in cells at 500nMand appears to act by inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin.
Insulin Resistance by Uncleaved Insulin Proreceptor: Emergence of Binding Site by Trypsin

Two sisters presented with severe insulin resistance and markedly decreased insulin binding to erythrocytes, cultured fibroblasts, and transformed lymphocytes. The dose-response curve of insulin-stimulated amino acid uptake in the fibroblasts was shifted to the right. The molecular weight of the insulin receptor on the transformed lymphocytes from the patients was 210,000 and could not be dissociated to α- and β-subunits by dithiothreitol treatment. However, the proreceptor was cleaved by trypsin, and this led to production of a 135,000-Mr α-subunit. Insulin binding to the trypsin-treated cells increased to the normal level, and insulin action was normalized. These results suggest that the failure of proreceptor cleavage produces hormone-resistant states and that a proreceptor syndrome may be a unique disease entity for hormone resistance.
THE FIRST SIMULTANEOUS MICROLENSING OBSERVATIONS BY TWO SPACE TELESCOPES: SPITZER AND SWIFT REVEAL A BROWN DWARF IN EVENT OGLE-2015-BLG-1319

Simultaneous observations of microlensing events from multiple locations allow for the breaking of degeneracies between the physical properties of the lensing system, specifically by exploring different regions of the lens plane and by directly measuring the “microlens parallax. ” We report the discovery of a 30–65MJ brown dwarf orbiting a K dwarf in the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1319. The system is located at a distance of ∼5 kpc toward the Galactic Bulge. The event was observed by several ground-based groups as well as by Spitzer and Swift, allowing a measurement of the physical properties. However, the event is still subject to an eight-fold degeneracy, in particular the well-known close-wide degeneracy, and thus the projected separation between the two lens components is either ∼0.25 au or ∼45 au. This is the first microlensing event observed by Swift, with the UVOT camera. We study the region of microlensing parameter space to which Swift is sensitive, finding that though Swift could not measure the microlens parallax with respect to ground-based observations for this event, it can be important for other events. Specifically, it is important for detecting nearby brown dwarfs and free-floating planets in high magnification events.
Assessment of Brain-Dead Potential Organ Donors

Introduction: We quantified the potential for organ donation and identified missed opportunities for organ donation in a single institute. Materials and methods: Data of potential organ donors and the outcome of requests for organ donation in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Ajou University Hospital between January 2013 and July 2015 were collected and reviewed. Results: Of 1338 deaths that occurred within 2.5 years in our ICU, there were 189 (14.1%) brain-dead patients, with 150 medically suitable potential organ donors (11.2%). 116 requests (request rate of 77.3%) for organ donation resulted in 50consents (consent rate of 33.3%) and 41 transplantations (transplantation rate of 27.3%, 3.1% of total ICU deaths). In 8 cases out of 49 eligible donors, donation failed because of circulatory death (1 case), proven prostate cancer (2 cases), no request from recipient (1 case), poor quality of organs assessed on the operation table (2 cases), hidden active tuberculosis (1 case) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (1 case). Conclusion: An increase in the organ donation rate may be possible through increasing the number of consents, and through optimizing the identification procedures of potential donors.
Multi-block deep regression with reinforced gradients: Modelling the estimation of direct weld parameters in automated welding

This paper presents a deep regression model to estimation of the weld bead parameters in welding tasks. It is an aggregate of deepregression blocks where number of these blocks is proportional to the cardinality of the weld parameters. These blocks are trainedsimultaneously and share an identical structure with four-hidden-layer Sigmoid activation functions and a linear transformation attheir outputs. Moreover, they incorporate a new meta-parameter, shared by all the hidden layers of a given block, to maintain thequality of the gradients of their respective weight matrices. This allows the model to further reduce the deviation of its estimatesfrom the expected values of the weld parameters to significantly minimize its estimation error. The evaluation of the performanceof this approach in contrast to state-of-the-art techniques in the literature shows a significant improvement in estimating thesevalues for different welding processes. Furthermore, the proposed deep regression network is capable of retaining its performancewhen presented with combined data of different welding techniques. This is a nontrivial result in attaining an scalable modelwhose quality of estimation is independent of adopted welding techniques.
Real-time single camera SLAM using fiducial markers

In this paper, a real-time single camera simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), that uses artificial landmarks is proposed. Proposed method uses the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate robot pose and landmarks position. The core of the approach is the online creation of a map of fiducial markers in the environment within a probabilistic framework. Our key contributions include a development of measurement model of fiducial markers, solutions for global registration of fiducial markers, and the development of calibration-free indoor localization method. We present a detailed method to estimate the 3D location of fiducial markers from an image and how the robot is positioned. Simulation and experimental results for a self-developed mobile robot are both presented.
Local Nanomechanical Motion of the Cell Wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We demonstrate that the cell wall of living Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) exhibits local temperature-dependent nanomechanical motion at characteristic frequencies. The periodic motions in the range of 0.8 to 1.6 kHz with amplitudes of ∼3 nm were measured using the cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM). Exposure of the cells to a metabolic inhibitor causes the periodic motion to cease. From the strong frequency dependence on temperature, we derive an activation energy of 58 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the cell's metabolism involving molecular motors such as kinesin, dynein, and myosin. The magnitude of the forces observed (∼10 nN) suggests concerted nanomechanical activity is operative in the cell.
Cattle Feeder Perceptions of Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting

Mandatory livestock price reporting was designed to increase available price information with the intent of facilitating price discovery. Has the program been effective? This study determines how cattle feeders, a primary target of the program, feel about mandatory price reporting (MPR) effectiveness. Results from a survey of cattle feeders reveal a diversity of opinion. Producers tend to be neutral to slightly negative regarding the value of MPR. Some of the dissatisfaction appears to have been associated with unrealistic expectations. Most feedlot characteristics have little systematic relationship to the manager's perceptions regarding usefulness of MPR. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Calcaneal Fractures: A Good Prognosis

Calcaneal fractures at Grady Memorial Hospital were reviewed for the period of 1973 to 1980. Sixty-two of these fractures were available for follow-up. Treatment was with compression dressings, plaster, pin reduction or open reduction. Grading was by the previously published criteria of Allen and Lindsey. 1,21 This paper identifies a positive correlation between facet reduction and successful treatment results. Recommendations are made for fracture classification, surgical treatment and postoperative management.
Losing ground: past history and future fate of Arctic small mammals in a changing climate

According to the IPCC, the global average temperature is likely to increase by 1.4–5.8 °C over the period from 1990 to 2100. In Polar regions, the magnitude of such climatic changes is even larger than in temperate and tropical biomes. This amplified response is particularly worrisome given that the so‐far moderate warming is already impacting Arctic ecosystems. Predicting species responses to rapid warming in the near future can be informed by investigating past responses, as, like the rest of the planet, the Arctic experienced recurrent cycles of temperature increase and decrease (glacial–interglacial changes) in the past. In this study, we compare the response of two important prey species of the Arctic ecosystem, the collared lemming and the narrow‐skulled vole, to Late Quaternary climate change. Using ancient DNA and Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM), we show that the two species, which occupy similar, but not identical ecological niches, show markedly different responses to climatic and environmental changes within broadly similar habitats. We empirically demonstrate, utilizing coalescent model‐testing approaches, that collared lemming populations decreased substantially after the Last Glacial Maximum; a result consistent with distributional loss over the same period based on ENM results. Given this strong association, we projected the current niche onto future climate conditions based on IPCC 4.0 scenarios, and forecast accelerating loss of habitat along southern range boundaries with likely associated demographic consequences. Narrow‐skulled vole distribution and demography, by contrast, was only moderately impacted by past climatic changes, but predicted future changes may begin to affect their current western range boundaries. Our work, founded on multiple lines of evidence suggests a future of rapidly geographically shifting Arctic small mammal prey communities, some of whom are on the edge of existence, and whose fate may have ramifications for the whole Arctic food web and ecosystem.
Making a place in the metropolis: Locational attainment in cities and suburbs

What accounts for the differences in the kinds of communities within the metropolis in which members of different racial and ethnic groups live? Do socioeconomic advancement and acculturation provide greater integration with whites or access to more desirable locations for minority-group members? Are these effects the same for Asians or Hispanics as for blacks? Does suburbanization offer a step toward greater equality in the housing market, or do minorities find greater discrimination in the suburban housing market? Data from 1980 for five large metropolitan regions are used to estimate "locational-attainment models, " which evaluate the effects of group members’ individual attributes on two measures of the character of their living environment: the socioeconomic standing (median household income) and racial composition (proportion non-Hispanic white) of the census tract where they reside. Separate models predict these outcomes for whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Net of the effects of individuals’ background characteristics, whites live in census tracts with the highest average proportion of white residents and the highest median household income. They are followed by Asians and Hispanics, and-at substantially lower levels-blacks. Large overall differences exist between city and suburban locations; yet the gap between whites and others is consistently lower in the suburbs than in the cities of these five metropolitan regions.
Activation of group I mGluRs elicits different responses in murine CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells

The group I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist DHPG has been shown to produce two major effects on CA3 pyramidal cells at rest: a reduction in the background conductance and an activation of a voltage‐gated inward current (ImGluR(V)). Both effects contribute to depolarising CA3 pyramidal cells and the latter has been implicated in eliciting prolonged epileptiform population bursts. We observed that DHPG‐induced depolarisation was smaller in CA1 pyramidal cells than in CA3 cells. Voltage clamp studies revealed that while DHPG elicited ImGluR(V) in CA3 pyramidal cells, such a response was absent in CA1 pyramidal cells. Both mGluR1 and mGluR5 have been localised in CA3 pyramidal cells, whereas only mGluR5 has been detected in CA1 pyramidal cells. Using mGluR1 knockout mice, we evaluated whether the absence of an ImGluR(V) response can be correlated with the absence of mGluR1. In these experiments, DHPG failed to elicit ImGluR(V) in CA3 pyramidal cells. This suggests that the smaller depolarising effects of DHPG on wild‐type CA1 pyramidal cells is caused, at least in part, by the absence of ImGluR(V) in these cells and that the difference in the responses of CA1 and CA3 cells may be attributable to the lack of mGluR1 in CA1 pyramidal cells.
The Social Distance Theory of Power

We propose that asymmetric dependence between individuals (i.e., power) produces asymmetric social distance, with high-power individuals feeling more distant than low-power individuals. From this insight, we articulate predictions about how power affects (a) social comparison, (b) susceptibility to influence, (c) mental state inference and responsiveness, and (d) emotions. We then explain how high-power individuals’ greater experienced social distance leads them to engage in more abstract mental representation. This mediating process of construal level generates predictions about how power affects (a) goal selection and pursuit, (b) attention to desirability and feasibility concerns, (c) subjective certainty, (d) value-behavior correspondence, (e) self-control, and (f) person perception. We also reassess the approach/inhibition theory of power, noting limitations both in what it can predict and in the evidence directly supporting its proposed mechanisms. Finally, we discuss moderators and methodological recommendations for the study of power from a social distance perspective.
Transarterial chemoembolization for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A single center experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to determine the effect of transarterial chemoembolization treatment on survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of two different transarterial chemoembolization procedures, conventional transarterial chemoembolization and drug-eluting beads, in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization between January 2007 and March 2011 were included. Thirty-seven patients had Child-Pugh class A and the remaining 3 had class B. Intra-arterial administration of doxorubicin with lipiodol-based conventional transarterial chemoembolization or drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization was performed. Eighty sessions were performed with a median of 2 sessions. Sixteen patients were treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization and 11 with drug-eluting beads-based transarterial chemoembolization, and 13 were treated with both treatment procedures in separate sessions. Primary outcome was defined as patient survival after treatment. RESULTS The median follow-up was 19 months. The median overall survival of patients was 23.2 months. The survival of patients with Child-Pugh class A was significantly better than that of patients with class B (24 vs 6 months, p=0.004). No statistically significant difference in survival was observed between conventional transarterial chemoembolization and drug-eluting beads-based transarterial chemoembolization treatments (p>0.05). Baseline low serum albumin level (p=0.003) and the presence of portal vein thrombosis (p=0.011) negatively affected patient survival. Side effects of conventional transarterial chemoembolization and drug-eluting beads-based transarterial chemoembolization were similar. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study and in comparison with the findings in the literature, transarterial chemoembolization treatment was seen to improve overall survival and provide better outcome in selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. No differences in survival or side effects were observed between the two transarterial chemoembolization treatment modalities.
Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Sexism: What Influence Do These Factors Have on Verdicts in a Crime-of-Passion Case?

ABSTRACT This study investigated the influence of defendant sex, sexual orientation, and participant sex on perceptions of a crime-of-passion. An online sample of 458 individuals read a scenario describing a homicide and provided judgments of verdict, sentence length, legal elements, and sexism. We hypothesized heterosexual female defendants would most likely receive a verdict of manslaughter, be found less guilty, and receive shorter sentences. We were also interested in whether benevolent sexism would contribute to defendant culpability decisions. Lastly, perceptions of legal elements for manslaughter (e.g., great provocation) and murder (e.g., intentionality of actions) were explored. Results demonstrated heterosexual female defendants were less guilty and received the shortest sentences. Also, heterosexual defendants were most likely to meet the manslaughter legal elements. Benevolent sexism contributed significantly to guilt perceptions.
Work stress and physical assault of nursing aides in rural nursing homes with and without dementia special care units.

PURPOSE This study compared nursing aides (NAs) employed in rural nursing homes with and without dementia special care units (SCUs) on (1) exposure to and distress from disruptive behaviours exhibited by residents, (2) job strain and (3) physical assault. DESIGN AND METHODS The data were drawn from a larger study conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, in which all rural nursing homes of < or = 100 beds that had an SCU were matched to same-sized rural facilities with no SCU. Nursing aides (n = 355) completed a mailed survey questionnaire. RESULTS Nursing aides employed in nursing homes with an SCU reported significantly less frequent exposure to disruptive behaviours (including aggressive and aversive behaviours) than NAs in non-SCU facilities, less distress when these behaviours were directed toward them, less exposure to aggressive behaviour during caregiving, lower job demands and lower job strain. There was a trend toward increased risk of being assaulted in the last year associated with being in a non-SCU facility. Having a permanent position, increased job strain, and feeling inadequately prepared for dementia care were significantly associated with higher risk of being assaulted. In the SCU facilities, NAs who worked more time on the SCU reported more assaults but less distress from disruptive behaviour, lower psychological job demands, lower job strain and greater work autonomy. IMPLICATIONS Providing more dementia care training and reducing job demands and job strain may help to reduce work-related stress and physical assault of nursing aides employed in nursing homes.
Testosterone Suppresses Circadian Responsiveness to Social Cues in the Diurnal Rodent Octodon degus

The diurnal, social rodent Octodon degus displays a robust sex difference in the ability to use social cues to facilitate reentrainment following a phase advance of the light cycle. Adult females housed with a female social cue donor reentrained 25% to 40% faster than did females reentraining alone. However, reentrainment rates of males were unaffected by exposure to female social cues during reentrainment. The authors hypothesized that males were less sensitive to the reentrainment-enhancing effects of social cues and that their higher threshold to the stimuli could be overcome if the social cues were either increased in strength or salience. Housing a male with two females significantly shortened the time to reentrain following a 9-h phase advance (p = 0.002). Housing with a sister had no effect on reentrainment. Therefore, male degus are able to respond to social cues but require the stimulus to be stronger than that for females. The effect of testosterone was tested by comparing reentrainment rates of castrated males before and after testosterone replacement both with and without a female social cue donor. Castrated males responded to a single female social cue donor, reentraining 35% faster than when housed alone (p = 0.006), whereas the time to reentrainment of intact males and males with testosterone capsule implants did not differ. Intact females were also implanted with testosterone and phase shifted with and without donors. Testosterone treatment eliminated the increase in reentrainment rates in the presence of social cues. The authors conclude that the rate of recovery from odor-enhanced phase shifts is modulated by activational effects of testosterone in male degus. Testosterone is also effective in suppressing social cue responsiveness in females, suggesting that testosterone’s effects on responsiveness are not sexually dimorphic. This hormonal effect likely occurs by altering sensory system functions or CNS response to sensory information.
Determinants of bottle use amongst economically disadvantaged mothers.

BACKGROUND There is documented evidence of increased risk of infant mortality in formula fed infants versus breast fed babies. The hazards of bottle use for infant feeding, especially in underprivileged communities, are also well known. As the issue of bottle use is directly related to childhood survival and mortality, there is legislation against propagation of bottle-feeding in Pakistan. OBJECTIVES To obtain information about determinants of bottle use for infant feeding in a low-income periurban community. DESIGN Community based cross-sectional study. RESULTS 150 mothers with infants up to one year of age were included in the study period from October 03 to March 04. Out of these 102 mothers were found using bottle for infant with or without breast-feeding. The tendency to use the bottle increased in relation to child's increasing age. Only 17% of the infants under the age of 3 months were offered bottle, it was 69% between 4 to 6 months and it increased to 76% in infants from 7 months to 1 year. The attributes associated with increased bottle use were mother's older age, illiteracy and increased parity. CONCLUSION Bottle use is a public health issue in poor and illiterate mothers of developing countries. While, in Pakistan, laws are enacted against its propagation, we need community-based strategies to bring about a socio-cultural shift in the growing prevalence of bottle use found in the study.