Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Early Educational Interventions in the Emergency Department to Reduce Incidence or Severity of Postconcussion Syndrome Following a Concussion: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES Concussions or mild traumatic brain injury are a major public health concern accounting for 85% of all brain injuries. Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) has been found to affect between 15 and 25% of patients with concussion 1 year after the initial injury. The goal of this review is to assess the effectiveness of early educational information or interventions provided in the emergency department on the onset and/or severity of PCS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search strategy involving seven electronic databases was developed. A grey literature search of Google Scholar, recent conference proceedings in emergency medicine, bibliographies of included studies, and clinical trial registries was also performed. The citation list was reviewed independently by two reviewers; no restrictions on publication status or language of publication were applied. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale were used to assess quality. RESULTS From 1,325 citations retrieved, four RCTs and one controlled clinical trial met inclusion criteria. Interventions identified in these studies included: educational information sheets, with or without telephone or in-person follow-up, and one study on bed rest. While rarely requested, one study offered referrals and additional treatment, if needed. None of the studies were deemed to be high quality. Heterogeneity among outcome reporting, follow-up dates and interventions used precluded a pooled analysis. Overall, only two of the five included studies involving adult patients receiving early educational interventions reported a significant improvement in PCS symptoms. No reduction in PCS symptoms was found in the study on bed rest interventions. CONCLUSION Limited evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of early educational interventions following concussion. Standardization of the interventions, outcome measures, and follow-up periods would make quantitative comparisons more valid. Moreover, higher-quality research in the field of early interventions for patients in the acute care setting is urgently required.
EXAMINING SERVANT LEADERSHIP ATTRIBUTES AND EMPLOYEE TRUST Zahrah Tariq

Preparing future leaders is one primal and challenging issue in the contemporary organizations. Within leadership research a new area based on ethical values and linked to positive organizational outcomes is servant leadership. Based on literature servant leadership is a construct that explains key attributes of leaders who first serve and then lead. To support this idea the concept needs more empirical explanation. The premise of this research is that the attributive values of servant leaders play an integral part in capturing and maintaining the trust of its followership. However, not all leadership styles are driven by the idea to reciprocate trust in a positive way. Moreover the absence of trust often leads to issues of a non committed workforce and untrustworthy leadership. A cross sectional survey was used to collect data from (N= 300) employees in a large public organization in Punjab Pakistan. Applying quantitative analysis results supported three out of four hypotheses. This research aims at providing empirical evidence to examine servant leadership and employee trust.
Evaluating Information Presentation Formats and Display Designs for Supporting System-User Concept Communication: An Experimental Study

Effective visual presentation of information has become an increasing challenge in information systems research and practice. In this study, we examined the effects of information presentation on a system’s communicating to its users the respective degree of relevance of different systemsuggested items. Based on the (visual) attributes discussed by the referenced theories, different presentation displays, imagery and serial-order, were designed and evaluated in a computerbased experiment that included more than four hundred undergraduate subjects. Our overall results suggest that the imagery presentation format appears to be more effective than the serialorder presentation format in supporting the target concept communication. Imagery displays that simultaneously combine the use of size, distance and color are evidently more effective than designs based on exclusive (i.e., single) use of any of these visual attributes. Imagery displays based on size or distance appear to be more effective than color-based designs. Several implications for information presentation research and practice can be obtained from our findings and are also discussed.
Complete household demand system of vegetables in Ogun State, Nigeria

Fruit and vegetable consumption has been shown to be an important part of any diet leading towards good he- alth, but little is known about the vegetable demand behaviour at fi ner levels of disaggregation in Nigeria. Hence, this study estimated the price and income (expenditure) elasticities of demand for the commonly consumed vegetables among house- holds in the Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of a well-structured questionnaire administered to one hundred and twenty (120) households that were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Th e data were analysed by simple descriptive statistics and estimation of a Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS) of vegetable demand behaviour of households sampled. Th e results show that income elasticity of demand for Bitter leave (-3.43) and the Eggplant (-3.67) are elastic, while income elasticity of demand for Tomato (0.27), to which about one-third of vegetables expenditure are devoted, is inelastic. Th e results further revealed that own-price elasticities of demand carry the expected negative signs for all the vegetables and are generally inelastic. Estimates of cross price elasticities show the dominance of substitutability among the vegetables with only few cases of complementarities.
Distinct responses of human granulosa lutein cells after hCG or LH stimulation in a spheroidal cell culture system

The growth and development of the corpus luteum (CL) is regulated by gonadotropic hormones. It is formed by granulosa cells (GCs), theca cells, and endothelial cells, and is the primary source of circulating progesterone. During early pregnancy only human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) but not luteinizing hormone (LH) extends the life span of the CL, although hCG and LH interact with the same receptor and have similar actions on the CL. In this study a recently by our group established spheroidal GC culture assay served as a model of CL development on which we compared the actions of the gonadotropic hormones LH and hCG. To find out which signal pathways take part in the hormonal regulation of GC we stimulated GC‐spheroids with modulators of protein kinases A and C dependent signaling cascades and determined their impact on sprout forming activity in GC. Our results indicate that PKA‐dependent signaling pathways play a major role in mediating the hormonal‐induced signaling cascades leading to sprouting in GC. Furthermore, this study strongly indicates that the different effects of hCG and LH in the maintenance of the CL may be reasoned in different signal transduction pathways triggered by hCG or LH. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1312–1316, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐level expression of Dok‐1 in neurons of the primate prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

The docking protein p62Dok‐1 (Dok‐1) has a central role in cell signaling mediated by a wide range of protein tyrosine kinases, including intrinsic membrane kinases, such as the insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) receptor. To elucidate potential IGF signaling mechanisms, we used DNA array technology to investigate novel kinase targets expressed in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Dok‐1 transcripts were among the most abundant found in this structure. Because Dok‐1 expression has not been characterized in brain, we evaluated its expression pattern using immunoblotting, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry in the rhesus monkey prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation. Dok‐1 antibodies identified a 62‐kDa band in lysates from the DLPFC, consistent with the known size for Dok‐1. In situ hybridization showed that Dok‐1 mRNA was expressed in all layers of the DLPFC and in all neuronal subregions of the hippocampal formation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed Dok‐1 immunoreactivity concentrated in pyramidal neurons of cortical layers IV–V and throughout Ammon's horn and in granule neurons of the dentate gyrus. Dok‐1 expression was also identified in endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels. These expression patterns are very similar to those of the IGF‐1 receptor and suggest that Dok‐1 could be among the downstream targets of IGF signaling in areas of the primate brain involved in learning and memory. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organizational citizenship behaviour and employee retention: how important are turnover cognitions?

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between perceived job alternatives, intention to search, intention to leave and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), with a view to determining the extent to which these variables are related. Two surveys using separate samples (Study 1, n = 651, and Study 2, n = 226) were used. First, in both studies, perceived job alternatives provided a better account of OCB towards the organization (sportsmanship and civic virtue) than OCB towards individuals (helping and altruism). Second, the results of Studies 1 and 2 indicate that the relationships between OCB and intention to search and between OCB and intention to quit are different. The findings suggest that one part of the research model appears to be generalizable, while the other part appears to be explained by the context of employment. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms among Iranian Parents of Children during Cancer Treatment

Support of parents of children with cancer requires healthcare personnel to be knowledgeable about the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among Iranian parents of children with cancer. This study was conducted to fulfill this aim in the South-East of Iran. Using the Impact of Event Scale –Revised, for parents of children with cancer, 200 parents in two hospitals supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences, were assessed. The total mean score of post-traumatic stress symptoms was 41.70. Among all categories of the Impact of Event Scale –Revised, the highest mean belonged to the category of ‘intrusion’ 16.03 (SD = 6.24) and the lowest one belonged to the category of ‘hyperarousal’ 10.68 (SD = 4.58). Based on the results, mothers had higher post-traumatic stress symptoms compared with fathers (p < 0.05). Adjusted odds ratio showed that the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among mothers was 2.49 times more than that among fathers (p = 0.01). There was no association between sociodemographic data and post-traumatic stress symptoms. More research is needed to elucidate the Iranian parents’ experience of having children with cancer.
Activation of spinal anti-analgesic system following electroacupuncture stimulation in rats.

We evaluated the interaction between electroacupuncture (EA)-induced antinociception and an endogenous anti-analgesic system. EA was applied to the ST-36 acupoint for 45 min in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and pain thresholds were assessed by the hind-paw pressure test. EA produced a marked increase in pain thresholds and its antinociceptive action was completely reversed by naloxone (5 mg/kg). The analgesic effects of subcutaneous morphine (7 mg/kg) following EA stimulation were significantly attenuated. The attenuation of morphine analgesia was inversely proportional to the time intervals between EA termination and morphine injection, and the effect was not observed 120 min after EA stimulation. The analgesic effects of i.t. morphine (10 microg), but not i.c. v. morphine (25 microg), following EA were also attenuated. On the other hand, systemic morphine (7 mg/kg)-induced hyperthermia was not affected by EA. Moreover, i.c. v. morphine, but not i.t. morphine, produced hyperthermia. The i.c. v. morphine-induced hyperthermia was not affected by EA, similar to i.c. v. morphine analgesia. These results suggest that the attenuation of morphine analgesia following EA, that is, the activation of an endogenous anti-analgesic system, is closely related to the activation of an analgesic system by EA and that the spinal cord plays a critical role in the activation of the endogenous anti-analgesic systems.
CRITICAL STOCK PRICE NEAR EXPIRATION

We study the critical price of an American put option near expiration in the Black-Scholes model. Our main result is an estimate for the difference P ("t")- "K" between the critical price at time "t" and the exercise price as "t" approaches the maturity of the option. Copyright 1995 Blackwell Publishers.
Exchange Rate Policy and Export Performance in Efficiency-Driven Economies

Increased globalisation, coupled with rising domestic competition, has led a growing number of firms to search beyond their traditional domestic markets for business opportunities in recent years. As a result, export-led economic growth has gained renewed attention amongst policy makers, particularly amongst those in industrialising nations, or so-called efficiency-driven economies. This search for drivers of economic growth has gained further impetus from the economic pressures brought about by the fall in growth in advanced markets following the global financial crisis coupled with the rising competitiveness of other industrialising emerging economies. A common policy proposal amongst countries trying to improve their competitiveness is to weaken the domestic exchange rate as a means to stimulate exports. However, depreciation also increases exchange rate risk. Given the renewed emphasis on this policy lever, this research examines the impact of exchange rate on export performance in a sample of nine efficiency-driven economies over the period 1990 to 2009. These economies that we survey include Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Thailand and Turkey, which all have floating exchange rate arrangements during the survey period. Panel data models using a fixed-effects method were used, and it was found that a weakening of the exchange rate does not necessarily improve export performance. To the contrary, for the nine countries surveyed, export growth seems to be associated with stronger exchange rates. Whilst our results suggest that the lag effect of exchange rate movement on export performance is slightly more pronounced, the relationship nevertheless remains statistically insignificant.
Is the real interest rate parity condition affected by the method of calculating real interest rates?

Although the real interest rate parity (RIRP) hypothesis has been extensively tested, there are no conclusive findings. We argue that the mixed findings are a result of the different methods used to calculate the real interest rate. In this article, we examine whether the RIRP holds for four OECD countries using five different methods for computing the real interest rate. The results indicate that the connection between real interest rates tends to be sensitive to the computational method of the real interest rate. Thus, authors have to be careful when comparing results across existing studies, since the type of computational method might be responsible for differences in conclusions of the validity of the RIRP.
Good jobs, bad jobs: Workers' evaluations in five countries

ow good or bad is a particular job? How good or bad is my own H job? These are questions that everyone has asked or been asked. They are important questions, because they go to the heart of the issues of job quality and personal welfare. One direct way to evaluate the extent to which jobs are good or bad is to rely on the opinions of workers by asking them about their own job satisfaction. Understanding job quality is indeed important for several reasons. First, careful evaluation of labour market policies requires that account be taken of their effects on all aspects of employment, not merely wages and employment levels. In this respect, the value of job satisfaction data stems from the existence of subjective, but important, aspects of the employment relationship, coupled with the near impossibility of measuring all the objective characteristics of a job. And even if measurement difficulties could be overcome, measurements of each characteristic would then need to be combined in order to create what economists call a utility index. In constructing such an index, job satisfaction data allow the job incumbent’s personal values to be used instead of those of the policy-maker or researcher. In short, no simple, externally imposed taxonomy of “good jobs” and “bad jobs” is likely to capture what is obvious to labour market participants about their own jobs. Second, although a number of large-scale surveys have included questions about job satisfaction, 1 there has been relatively little systematic exploration of cross-sectional variation in job satisfaction within large socio-economic groups (as distinct from employees of a specific 1
Effect of Credit on Micro and small Enterprises Performance in Kitale Town

The MSEs contribution to the growth of the national economy continue to assume increasing significance especially in job creation . These enterprises are created to fulfill the primary needs of man and are formed under conditions of risk and considerable uncertainty . This sector is encumbered by many problems chief among them being financing. A number of organizations have stepped in to finance their operations and solve this problem and promote their business performance. Its in light of this that this study was carried out with the objective of conducting a study to determine the effect of credit available to MSEs on business performance in Kitale town. More specifically this research sought to establish the effect of credit on kinds of assets acquired , market share served , stock levels held in the business and number of employees added in business. On the effect of credit available to MSEs on business performance by considering value of assets acquired on accessing credit, it was found that credit available to MSEs does not necessarily lead to addition of assets. The effect of credit available to MSEs on expanding market share, it indicated that credit availability does not guarantee a bigger market share. The effect of credit available to MSEs on business performance by considering stock levels held it revealed that little money was allocated to purchasing of additional stock. On establishing the effect of credit available to MSEs by considering additional number of employees it was found that MSEs do not necessarily lead to good performance.
Stress-Induced β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Mutation and Sequences of Stationary-Phase Mutations in the Escherichia coli Chromosome

ABSTRACT In some enterobacterial pathogens, but not in Escherichia coli, loss-of-function mutations are a common route to clinically relevant β-lactam antibiotic resistance. We previously constructed an assay system for studying enterobacterial β-lactam resistance mutations using the well-developed genetics of E. coli by integrating enterobacterial ampRC genes into the E. coli chromosome. Like the cells of other enterobacteria, E. coli cells acquire β-lactam resistance by ampD mutation. Here we show that starvation and stress responses provoke ampD β-lactam resistance mutagenesis. When starved on lactose medium, Lac− strains used in mutagenesis studies accumulate ampD β-lactam resistance mutations independent of Lac reversion. DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) proteins and the SOS and RpoS stress responses are required for this mutagenesis, in agreement with the results obtained for lac reversion in these cells. Surprisingly, the stress-induced ampD mutations require DinB (DNA polymerase IV) and partially require error-prone DNA polymerase V, unlike lac mutagenesis, which requires only DinB. This assay demonstrates that real-world stressors, such as starvation, can induce clinically relevant resistance mutations. Finally, we used the ampD system to observe the true forward-mutation sequence spectrum of DSBR-associated stress-induced mutagenesis, for which previously only frameshift reversions were studied. We found that base substitutions outnumber frameshift mutations, as seen in other experimental systems showing stress-induced mutagenesis. The important evolutionary implication is that not only loss-of-function mutations but also change-of-function mutations can be generated by this mechanism.
Measuring the technical and economic efficiencies of the dry apricot farms in Turkey

The aims of the study were to estimate the efficiency measures of dry apricot farms in Malatya province of Turkey and to explore determinants of cost inefficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure efficiencies. Data used in the study was obtained from 97 farms selected by stratified random sampling method. Research results showed that in the first group, the mean technical, allocative and cost efficiencies for sample farms were measured to be 0.738, 0.760 and 0.558, respectively. In the second group, they were 0.905, 0.762 and 0.697, respectively. Efficiency scores revealed that inefficient farms in both farm size groups might reduce the production costs by 30.3% and 44.2%, respectively. Based on the results of the decomposition of the technical efficiency, pure technical inefficiency was the primary cause of technical inefficiency in both groups. Research results also showed that the education level of farm head and non-farm income influenced the cost inefficiency negatively while the variables of tractor ownership, the ratio of apricot land size to farm size, number of apricot trees and marketing cost had the positive effect on cost inefficiency in the first group. In the second group, there was positive relationship between cost inefficiency and the variables of family size, number of irrigation and number of apricot trees. The study suggested that designing farmers training, extension programs and income diversification increase economic efficiency in the research area. Rearranging the structure of the farm and controlling marketing cost may be also beneficial in the research area.
In silico analysis of mutations in PITX3 gene

PITX3 belongs to a class of heomeodomain transcription factors involved in the development of dopaminergic neurons and ocular lens. Despite a great degree of homology, the mutation in human and mouse Pitx3 gene exhibit differences in the range and extent of phenotypic effects. The current study was designed to predict the effect of mutations in the mouse and human PITX3 gene using in silico tools. We used publically available bioinformatics tools to identify the secondary structure, functional domains, three-dimensional structure and DNA binding residues. Analysis of functional domains in the PITX3 revealed a lack of OAR domain in the G219fs mutation and in the mouse eyeless mutation. There was no difference in the functional motifs of the S13N and K111E mutation compared to the wild-type PITX3. However, an additional helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain is predicted in K111E mutation. Comparison of three-dimensional structures of the wild-type and mutant proteins did not show significant differences except 220delG. The eyeless mouse mutant protein exhibited a very different structure compared to the wild-type mouse Pitx3. Our results indicate that three-dimensional structure of the protein is a good predictor of the in vitro and in vivo behavior of the PITX3 protein and provides guidelines for performing the functional assays of the mutant proteins.