Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Aging Voice

A number of studies have found that listeners are often able to differentiate the voices of young and old speakers accurately. Following an overview of structural and functional changes found in studies of aging larynges, this article examines current findings on maximum phonation duration, voice quality, vocal jitter/shimmer, spectral noise, and fundamental frequency. Aging can affect vocal pitch, loudness, and quality, but such effects are highly variable across the aging population. Therefore, a thorough voice and medical examination is needed to isolate voice problems caused by vocal abuse or pathology from those due to normal aging. Pushing exercises may be a viable treatment option for those with age-related voice problems.
Cerebellar lesions after parenteral Dilantin administration

DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN (Dilantin) is a n anticonvulsant drug whose worldwide use over the last 20 years attests to its safety and effectiveness. The compound has recently been made available commercially as an injectable solution for the control of difficult seizure problems in patients who cannot take oral medication and for the management of status epilepticus. The solution can safely be given intravenously or intramuscularly and produces a prompt response without depressing the function of the entire central nervous system, as do the barbiturates. Injectable Dilantin has been administered over 9,000 times by Murphy and Schwab,’ who feel the agent is of great value in controlling almost all types of seizures without dangerous or prolonged side effects. All patients receiving the drug for a short period of time have responded quickly and favorably. The purpose of this paper is to present evidence suggesting that large doses of Dilantin given over prolonged periods may produce certain pathologic alterations in the central nervous system. Our attention was drawn to the possible neurotoxic effects of this drug by microscopic studies on the brain of a young female patient who died during a relentless neurologic disorder accompanied by various types of seizures. The patient was a 28 year old housewife who entered Stanford University Hospital on April 22, 1957, after having had four major convulsions in the preceding 24 hours. She had always been entirely well, except for recurrent brief “dizzy s ells” during which she seemed confused for a%out a minute. These had been noted since the age of 13, but had never been investigated or treated. About three weeks prior to admission she had developed a sore throat, some fever, and stiffness of the neck. She also complained of night sweats and a cough. She had not been exposed to any person with known neurologic symptoms or any of the exanthemata. Her malaise continued until the day before admission when, while riding in a car, she suddenly raised her right arm, turned her head to the right, and fell in a generalized
The effect of auditory experience on speech perception, localization, and functional performance of children who use a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears

This study was aimed at determining the effect of auditory experience on binaural benefits from using a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears. Eighteen children were evaluated using tests of speech perception, horizontal localization, and functional performance when they used either a cochlear implant alone (CI) or a cochlear implant with a hearing aid (CIHA). Eight were experienced CIHA users, whereas ten had not worn a hearing aid in the non-implanted ear for up to eight years prior to participation. All children were fitted with a hearing aid in the non-implanted ear using the NAL–RP prescription, and the hearing aids were fine-tuned individually using a paired-comparisons procedure and a loudness balancing test. Evaluation results indicated that performance for all measures was significantly better with CIHA than with CI for both groups of children. We conclude that children who receive a unilateral cochlear implant should be encouraged to wear a hearing aid in the opposite ear where there is usable residual hearing. Sumario El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la experiencia auditiva sobre los beneficios binaurales al utilizar un implante coclear y un auxiliar auditivo en oídos opuestos. Se evaluó a dieciocho niños por medio de pruebas de percepción del lenguaje, de localización horizontal, y de desempeño funcional cuando utilizaban el implante coclear (CI) aisladamente, o un implante coclear con un auxiliar auditivo (CIHA). Ocho eran usuarios con experiencia en CIHA, mientras que ocho nunca había usado un auxiliar auditivo en el oído no implantado hasta 8 años antes de su participación. A todos los niños se les adaptó un auxiliar auditivo en el oído no implantado usando la prescripción NAL-RP, y éste fue configurado individualmente utilizando un procedimiento de comparaciones pareadas y una prueba de balance de la sonoridad. Los resultados de las evaluaciones indicaron que el desempeño en todas las medidas fue significativamente mejor con CIHA que con el CI para ambos grupos de niños. Concluimos que los niños que reciben un implante coclear unilateral deben ser motivados a usar un auxiliar auditivo en el oído opuesto cuando exista una audición residual utilizable.
DNA uptake by the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii 1 occurs while moving along wet surfaces 2 3

DNA uptake by the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii 1 occurs while moving along wet surfaces 2 3 Gottfried Wilharm*, Janett Piesker, Michael Laue, and Evelyn Skiebe 4 5 1 Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Burgstr. 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany 6 2 Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany 7 8 *Address correspondence to: 9 Gottfried Wilharm, Robert Koch-Institut, Bereich Wernigerode, Burgstr. 37, 10 D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany 11 Phone: +49 3943 679 282; Fax: +49 3943 679 207 12 e-mail: wilharmg@rki.de 13 14 RUNNING TITLE 15 Natural competence of Acinetobacter baumannii 16 17
Baseline Susceptibility of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in China

ABSTRACT Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticides in the field. Chlorantraniliprole, which is a new pesticide of the anthranilic diamide group, provides potent and broad-spectrum activity within the insect order Lepidoptera. This insecticide provides a new option for control of P. xylostella populations resistant to other chemicals. The susceptibility of 16 field populations and seven laboratory maintained strains of P. xylostella to chlorantraniliprole were determined through leaf dip bioassay. The susceptibility variation among 16 field populations was low (five-fold), with median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) varying from 0.221 to 1.104 mg/liter. However, wider ranges of variation in LC50 values (10-fold) were observed among seven laboratory strains. Low level tolerance (six- to 10-fold) was detected in two laboratory-selected strains and three field-collected populations when compared with the susceptible Roth strain. A discriminating concentration (15 mg/liter) was calibrated from pooled toxicological data of the 16 field populations, as an important first step in resistance management, for the routine monitoring of resistance in the future. When assessed at the established discriminating dose 15 mg/liter, seven laboratory strains and five field populations showed an average mortality of 99.75% (from 98 to100%). Synergism assays showed metabolic enzymes might be involved in chlorantraniliprole detoxification in the susceptible Roth strain, but not in the additional observed tolerance of strains selected for resistance with other insecticides.
Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department

Objective: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in the prevention of death or delaying it in a person with cardiac arrest. In this regard, demographic information about patients who need CPR is vital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study patients with cardiopulmonary arrest or arrhythmias admitted to Imam Reza and Sina educational hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 22 December 2013 to 21 December 2014 entered the study. Demographic information such as age, sex, cardiopulmonary resuscitation time, the place of cardiopulmonary arrest (outside or inside the hospital), the duration of resuscitation process, success or failure of the resuscitation process and the mechanism of cardiopulmonary arrest were obtained. Results: From a total of 354 cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 281 cases (79%) were unsuccessful and 73 cases (21%) were successful. The average age of patients was 59 ± 22 years. The average time of the resuscitation process was 31 ± 12 minutes. There was a significant difference between the mean of age and resuscitation time in patients who had experienced successful or unsuccessful resuscitation (P = 0.0001). There was a significant relationship between sex and the success rate of resuscitation (P = 0.0001). In addition, a significant relationship between the success of the resuscitation operation and the ward of resuscitation was observed (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The most common mechanism leading to cardiopulmonary arrest among patients was asystole. In this regard, no significant difference was observed between successful and unsuccessful resuscitation processes. It was also observed that the success of resuscitation from 8 am to 4 pm was more than any other time period.
Racial Differences in the Effects of Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Neurodevelopment

OBJECTIVES: We used the 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the association between postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, measured as serum cotinine levels, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children 4 to 15 years of age. We further investigated the interactions of race and serum cotinine levels with ADHD. METHODS: Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: This study found that the prevalence of ADHD increased as blood cotinine levels increased. The effects of blood cotinine levels on ADHD differed according to race. Compared with children of the same racial group with the lowest blood cotinine levels, the odds ratios were 2.72 (95% confidence interval: 1.25–5.93) for Mexican American children and 5.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.55–18.3) for children in other racial groups with the highest blood cotinine levels, with controlling for the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy. However, no significant associations between blood cotinine levels and ADHD were observed among non-Hispanic white or non-Hispanic black children. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study underscore the possibility of racial disparities in the effects of environmental tobacco smoke on behavioral problems in children. These findings warrant further investigation.
Impairing Injuries among Medical Personnel

Medically impairing injuries among medical personnel (n = 209) were analyzed based on data obtained from the Work-Related No-Fault Liability Insurance’s (TFA) injury registration system. Almost half (98; 47%) were injured during patient care, of which 29 were injured as a result of physical trauma inflicted by the patient. When moving themselves between the homes of the patients and between different wards, 94 (45%) were injured (18 in vehicle crashes). The injuries most often resulting in medical impairment were sprains and/or strains (101; 48%) and fractures (67; 32%). The injuries primarily affected the upper extremities (48%). Fifteen percent had a medical impairment of 10% or more, and in about half of the cases, the impairment was 1% to 4%. Every injured person was on sick leave for 7 months, on average, during the 2-year follow-up period. In 12% of the cases, the injury led to a disability pension.
Genetic deletion of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in APOE3-Leiden mice reduces progression of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis

Summary During recent years it has become increasingly recognized that the plasmin activation system is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. In this paper, we have studied the contribution of the plasmino-gen activation system in the development of atherosclerosis by cross-breeding apoE3-Leiden mice, which have a human-like lipid profile, with mice deficient in PAI-1 (plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1), u-PA (urokinase plasminogen activator), and t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator). Genetic compound offspring was used to evaluate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions after they were fed a variant atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Lesion area of plaques in the aortic valve was not significantly different in apoE3-Leiden:PAI -/- and apoE3-Leiden:u-PA -/-mice as compared to apoE3-Leiden mice. In contrast, a significant 70 % reduction of the lesion area was observed in apoE3-Leiden:t-PA -/- mice as compared to control group apoE3-Leiden mice. In addition the early, regular fatty streaks and mild plaques increased in apoE3-Leiden:t-PA -/- mice, whereas the severe plaques (type IV and V) decreased in these animals. A lower deposition of collagen was observed in the atherosclerotic lesions of apoE3-Leiden:t-PA -/- mice as compared with apoE3-Leiden mice. Our results indicate for the first time that t-PA deficiency delayed the atherosclerotic process in this mouse model.
Awareness about rational use of medicines among fresh Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery graduates

CONTEXT: Fresh Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery graduates (FMGs) are responsible for the majority of prescription errors and irrational use of medicines. Little research has explored their knowledge on rational prescribing practices. AIMS: The present study aimed to evaluate the awareness of rational use of medicines (RUMs) among the FMGs. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A multicentric, cross-sectional, and questionnaire-based study was conducted among 308 FMGs during the internship orientation program. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The structured and prevalidated questionnaire consisted of 35 statements on important aspects of RUM. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 at 95% level of significance with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Nearly 31% of FMGs did not know that the generic drugs are equally efficacious as branded drugs whereas 53% were in support of pregnant female should not consume any drug. Nearly 58% of FMGs were confused about deciding the dose in children and 18% were in favor of using antibiotics in common cold. Almost 55% of FMGs were disagree for adjusting the dose of antidiabetic drugs by patient depending on the meal taken whereas 12% were not aware of the importance of compliance of antihypertensive drugs and 40% were supporting the safety of fruits in chronic renal disease. The FMG from government colleges answered more correctly than that of the private colleges. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of RUM among FMG is not satisfactory, and also there is a gap in its implementation. Thus, they should be supervised during the initial phase of their medical practice.
Abnormalities of 21-hydroxylase gene ratio and adrenal steroidogenesis in hyperandrogenic women with an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to acute adrenal stimulation.

One to 2% of hyperandrogenic women demonstrate a 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP) level greater than 36.3 nmol/L (1200 ng/dL) after acute ACTH-(1-24) adrenal stimulation, consistent with 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficient late-onset adrenal hyperplasia (LOAH). The following study was undertaken to endocrinologically and genetically define hyperandrogenic patients with an exaggerated 17-HP response to ACTH stimulation, and which do not represent LOAH. Of 265 consecutive patients suffering from hirsutism and/or hyperandrogenic oligomenorrhea, 23 (8.7%) demonstrated a 17-HP level 30 min post stimulation greater than 9.6 nmol/L or 316 ng/dL (the upper 95th percentile in 41 eumenorrheic nonhirsute healthy control women). Seven patients or five separate families (1.8% of total) demonstrated poststimulation 17-HP levels consistent with LOAH. Of the remaining 16 patients, the net increment in 17-HP (delta 17-HP0-30) was within normal limits in seven (2.6%) and these women were assumed to have a normal 17-HP adrenocortical response superimposed on an elevated basal level of nonadrenal (e.g. ovarian) origin. In the remaining nine hyperandrogenic patients (3.4%) various abnormalities of adrenal response were noted in all but one patient, consistent with adrenal hyper-responsiveness. One patient demonstrated an 11-deoxycortisol poststimulation level greater than 3-fold the upper 95th percentile of normal, consistent with 11-hydroxylase LOAH and was excluded from further study. Six of these women were available for further genetic characterization, all Caucasian and unrelated. Three were heterozygotes for HLA-B14, three for B40, and one for B35 antigen, HLA-types associated with the inheritance of 21-OH deficiencies. Although, normally there are two 21-OH genes (a pseudogene and a functional gene) present in a 1:1 ratio, we have previously reported a high frequency of 21-OH gene ratio abnormalities in LOAH. All but one of our patients demonstrated an abnormal 21-OH gene ratio. In conclusion, 3.4% of our hyperandrogenic population demonstrated an exaggerated 17-HP increment after ACTH stimulation, not consistent with LOAH or increased extraadrenal 17-HP production. The increased prevalence of HLA alleles known to be linked to inherited defects of 21-OH function and the increased frequency in 21-OH gene ratio abnormalities suggest that a majority of these individuals may be carriers for these genetic disorders. However, the adrenocortical abnormalities noted were more consistent with a generalized hyperreactivity of the adrenal to ACTH stimulation, than a specific enzyme deficiency, implying that carrier status for 21-OH deficiency may be incidental to the hyperandrogenism.
Dominant T‐Cell Receptor β‐Chain Gene Rearrangements Indicate Clonal Expansion in the Rheumatoid Joint

Miltenburg, A.M.M. , van Laar, J.M. , Daha, M.R. , de Vries, R.R. P., van den Elsen, P.J. & Breedveld, F.C. Dominant T‐Cell Receptor β‐Chain Gene Rearrangements Indicate Clonal Expansion in the Rheumatoid Joint. Scand. J. Immunol. 31, 121‐125, 1990
Recent work on vaginal rings containing antiviral agents for HIV prevention

Purpose of review In response to the need for strategies women can use to protect themselves from HIV infection, a new class of product commonly referred to as vaginal ‘microbicides’ has been under development for the past few decades. Several leading products currently in development contain antiviral agents delivered in a vaginal ring. Recent findings Research published over the past year reports advances in identification and continued formulation of specific antiviral agents that have potential for delivery in vaginal rings, including drug combinations for HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and contraception. Most products are antiretroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Advances in vaginal ring design have also been reported; some of these are designed to release specific antiviral agents, while other designs could be used for multiple drugs. This review focuses both on antiviral agents and vaginal ring designs. Summary Over the past year, advances continued to be made in the development of vaginal rings to deliver antiviral agents for prevention of HIV. An array of antiviral agents and vaginal ring designs to deliver these products are at various stages in the product pipeline process. Results from the first efficacy trials of an antiretroviral-containing vaginal ring are expected soon and will inform the continued development of this important product class.
Investigation of Regulation of FtsZ Assembly by SulA and Development of a Model for FtsZ Polymerization

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli FtsZ organizes into a cytoskeletal ring structure, the Z ring, which effects cell division. FtsZ is a GTPase, but the free energy of GTP hydrolysis does not appear to be used for generation of the constriction force, leaving open the question of the function of the GTPase activity of FtsZ. Here we study the mechanism by which SulA, an inhibitor of FtsZ induced during the SOS response, inhibits FtsZ function. We studied the effects of SulA on the in vitro activities of FtsZ, on Z rings in vivo, and on a kinetic model for FtsZ polymerization in silico. We found that the binding of SulA to FtsZ is necessary but not sufficient for inhibition of polymerization, since the assembly of FtsZ polymers in the absence of the GTPase activity was not inhibited by SulA. We developed a new model for FtsZ polymerization that accounts for the cooperativity of FtsZ and could account for cooperativity observed in other linear polymers. When SulA was included in the kinetic scheme, simulations revealed that SulA with strong affinity for FtsZ delayed, but did not prevent, the assembly of polymers when they were not hydrolyzing GTP. Furthermore, the simulations indicated that SulA controls the assembly of FtsZ by binding to a polymerization-competent form of the FtsZ molecule and preventing it from participating in assembly. In vivo stoichiometry of the disruption of Z rings by SulA suggests that FtsZ may undergo two cooperative transitions in forming the Z ring.
Transductive Non-linear Learning for Chinese Hypernym Prediction

Finding the correct hypernyms for entities is essential for taxonomy learning, fine-grained entity categorization, query understanding, etc. Due to the flexibility of the Chinese language, it is challenging to identify hypernyms in Chinese accurately. Rather than extracting hypernyms from texts, in this paper, we present a transductive learning approach to establish mappings from entities to hypernyms in the embedding space directly. It combines linear and non-linear embedding projection models, with the capacity of encoding arbitrary language-specific rules. Experiments on real-world datasets illustrate that our approach outperforms previous methods for Chinese hypernym prediction.
The nonrevolutionary peasantry of modern Iran

The social scientist studying the modern world is inevitably struck by the importance of peasant rebellions. In some countries--such as Russia, Yugoslavia, Albania, China, Cuba, and Vietnam--peasant rebellions have helped bring about communist revolutions. In others--such as Mexico, Algeria, Kenya, and recently Angola--they have contributed toward the success of nationalist revolutions. In yet other countries--including Spain, Greece, Peru, India, Phillippines, Malaya, and Indonesia--they have helped
The Sexual Stratification Hypothesis: Is the Decision to Arrest Influenced by the Victim/Suspect Racial/Ethnic Dyad?

The sexual stratification hypothesis suggests that criminal justice responses to sexual victimization will differ depending on the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad. Previous research examining the sexual stratification hypothesis has primarily focused on court processes, and the small body of literature examining arrest decisions is dated. There remains substantial opportunity for testing the sexual stratification hypothesis at response stages apart from the court level (i.e., arrest). Using quantitative data on 655 sexual assault complaints that were reported to the Los Angeles County Sherriff’s Department (LASD) and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) in 2008, this study examines the effect of the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad on the decision to arrest. Findings suggest that police consider the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad when making arrest decisions. In addition, victim characteristics, strength of evidence indicators, and measures of case factors predict the police decision to make an arrest.