Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tsunamigenic Potential of the Baiyun Slide Complex in the South China Sea

The Baiyun slide complex contains geological evidence for some of the largest landslide ever discovered in the continental slopes of the South China Sea. High‐resolution seismic data suggest that a variety of landslides with varied scales have occurred repeatedly in this area. The largest landslide reconstructed from bathymetric and seismic data has an estimated spatial coverage of ~5,500 km2 and a conservative volume of ~1,035 km3. Here, using geomorphological and geotechnical data, we construct a series of probable landslide scenarios and assess their tsunamigenic capacity. By treating the slides as deformable mudflows, we simulate the dynamics of landslide movements. The simulated landslide motions match the geophysical observations interpreted in previous studies. Particularly, we are able to reproduce the spatial distribution of observed runout, including the distance, shape, and deposit thickness, for the most credible slide scenario. We investigate tsunami impacts generated by different slide scenarios and highlight the importance of initial water depth, sliding direction, and nearshore bathymetry. The worst‐case scenario is capable of producing basin‐wide tsunami, with maximum wave amplitudes reaching ~5 m near Hong Kong and Macau, 1–3 m in western Philippines, and at least 1 m along central Vietnam, southeast Hainan, and southern Taiwan. The most noticeable phenomenon we observed is that the southern Chinese coast is the hardest‐hit region in all the simulated scenarios regardless of the diverse slide features. We conclude that the persistence of high tsunami impact is caused by the unique bathymetric feature of the wide continental shelf in front of southern China.
Human Activity Recorded in Carbon Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 in Gliwice Urban Area and Surroundings (Southern Poland) in the Years 2011–2013

ABSTRACT In this paper, a record of the 14C and 13C isotope content of atmospheric CO2 for Gliwice is presented for samples collected on a weekly basis in the years 2011–2013. In addition, measurements were performed on the early and late wood from the annual rings of pine trees from five sites located 3–6 km from the atmospheric CO2 sampling point. The concentration of 14C in CO2 samples from the air was much lower relative to the concentration of this isotope in “clean air,” indicating a pronounce Suess effect, with a mean Δ14C lower by ca. 60‰ than Jungfraujoch data when the 15% of the highest differences are excluded, which leads to the FFCO2 estimate of 5.8%. In winter, the main source of fossil CO2 was fuel combustion, as confirmed by significant correlations with air pollutants. In the vegetation seasons, the Δ14C was highly variable due to biogenic influence and more variable winds. The isotopic results were also affected by an additional significant CO2 source for the Gliwice air, which was a closed mine shaft. The Δ14C and δ13C in tree rings did not record a strong Suess effect in the years 2008–2013 in woodland areas around Gliwice city.
Physical Activity, Ageing and Health

Promoting physical activity has been identified as a key public health strategy to improve good health in advanced age. As the population in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI) is ageing, it is important to understand the relationship between physical activity and the physical and mental well-being of older people. As part of its data mining programme, CARDI funded the Stay Active study, a research project led by Dr. Elaine Murtagh of Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick (Murtagh et al., 2014). It examined the relationship between physical activity participation and health status in older adults in Ireland, North and South using five sources: u The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) 2011 u The Survey of Lifestyles, Attitudes and Nutrition in Ireland (SLAN) 2007 u The Irish Sports Monitor 2011 u Health Survey Northern Ireland (HSNI) 2010/11 u The Northern Ireland Sport and Physical Activity Survey 2009/10 This research brief presents a summary of the main findings from the research and other information collated by CARDI
Prominent Precession Band Variance in ENSO Intensity Over the Last 300,000 Years

Three transient National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model, version 3 model simulations were analyzed to study the responses of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the equatorial Pacific annual cycle (AC) to external forcings over the last 300,000 years. The time‐varying boundary conditions of insolation, greenhouse gases, and continental ice sheets, accelerated by a factor of 100, were sequentially added in these simulations. The simulated ENSO and AC amplitudes change in phase, and both have pronounced precession band variance (~21,000 years). The precession‐modulated slow (orbital time scales) ENSO evolution is dominated linearly by the change of the coupled ocean‐atmosphere instability, notably the Ekman upwelling feedback and thermocline feedback. In contrast, the greenhouse gases and ice sheet forcings (~100,000‐year cycles) are opposed to each other as they influence ENSO variability through changes in AC amplitude via a common nonlinear frequency entrainment mechanism. The acceleration technique could dampen and delay the precession signals below the surface ocean associated with ENSO intensity.
Spatial–Temporal Soil Water Dynamics beneath a Tree Monitored by Tensiometer-Time Domain Reflectometry Probes

Tensiometer-coiled time domain reflectometry (T-TDR) probes have been developed in previous studies, but have not been applied in the field. In this study, we applied T-TDR probes to the simultaneous monitoring of soil water content (θ) and soil water potential (ψ) on a profile beneath a tree in a forest stand, and analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in soil water dynamics in a root-containing environment. The results showed different features in the relationships between the mean and standard deviation of spatial θ and ψ, which exhibited convex-upward shapes and negative curvilinear shapes, respectively. High spatial variability was observed at intermediate values of θ and small values of ψ. Matrix flow and preferential flow accounted for 75% and 25% of the area beneath the tree. Although the infiltration processes were dominated by matrix flow, preferential flow acting for a short time could cause an average θ or ψ to reach their maximum values at all of the locations. Preferential flow primarily occurred at a “hot spot” around a coarse root. Small changes in θ and ψ were generally observed at a “cold spot” beneath a lateral root. Integrated information from multiple sources of θ and ψ could help to evaluate soil water dynamics when one exhibited large spatial variation during the wetting or drying processes, and greatly help to improve the accuracy for detecting the presence of preferential flow in a short measurement period.
Assessing the Role of High‐Frequency Winds and Sea Ice Loss on Arctic Phytoplankton Blooms in an Ice‐Ocean‐Biogeochemical Model

The long‐term trend of increasing phytoplankton net primary production (NPP) in the Arctic correlates with increasing light penetration due to sea ice loss. However, recent studies suggest that enhanced stormy wind mixing may also play a significant role enhancing NPP. Here, we isolate the role of sea ice and stormy winds (hereafter high‐frequency winds) using an eddy‐permitting ice‐ocean‐biogeochemical model configured for the North Atlantic and the Arctic. In the model, the presence of high‐frequency winds stimulates nutrient upwelling by producing an earlier and longer autumn‐winter mixing period with deeper mixing layer. The early onset of autumn mixing results in nutrients being brought‐up to near‐surface waters before the light becomes the dominant limiting factor, which leads to the autumn bloom. The enhanced mixing results in higher nutrient concentrations in spring and thus a large spring bloom. The model also shows significant iron limitation in the Labrador Sea, which is intensified by high‐frequency winds. The effect of sea ice loss on NPP was found to be regionally dependent on the presence of high‐frequency winds. This numerical study suggests high‐frequency winds play significant role increasing NPP in the Arctic and sub‐Arctic by alleviating phytoplankton nutrient limitation and that the isolated effect of sea ice loss on light plays a comparatively minor role.
Evaluating the impact of model complexity on flood wave propagation and inundation extent with a hydrologic–hydrodynamic model coupling framework

Abstract. Fluvial flood events are a major threat to people and infrastructure. Typically, flood hazard is driven by hydrologic or river routing and floodplain flow processes. Since they are often simulated by different models, coupling these models may be a viable way to increase the integration of different physical drivers of simulated inundation estimates. To facilitate coupling different models and integrating across flood hazard processes, we here present GLOFRIM 2.0, a globally applicable framework for integrated hydrologic–hydrodynamic modelling. We then tested the hypothesis that smart model coupling can advance inundation modelling in the Amazon and Ganges basins. By means of GLOFRIM, we coupled the global hydrologic model PCR-GLOBWB with the hydrodynamic models CaMa-Flood and LISFLOOD-FP. Results show that replacing the kinematic wave approximation of the hydrologic model with the local inertia equation of CaMa-Flood greatly enhances accuracy of peak discharge simulations as expressed by an increase in the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) from 0.48 to 0.71. Flood maps obtained with LISFLOOD-FP improved representation of observed flood extent (critical success index C=0.46), compared to downscaled products of PCR-GLOBWB and CaMa-Flood (C=0.30 and C=0.25, respectively). Results confirm that model coupling can indeed be a viable way forward towards more integrated flood simulations. However, results also suggest that the accuracy of coupled models still largely depends on the model forcing. Hence, further efforts must be undertaken to improve the magnitude and timing of simulated runoff. In addition, flood risk is, particularly in delta areas, driven by coastal processes. A more holistic representation of flood processes in delta areas, for example by incorporating a tide and surge model, must therefore be a next development step of GLOFRIM, making even more physically robust estimates possible for adequate flood risk management practices.
Measures of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Clinician's Guide

Developments in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have highlighted the need for objective disease activity indices applicable to both research and clinical settings and this area has become an important area of research. Previously, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria were the most commonly used measures of response in clinical trials, but because they were not developed to measure individual responses to therapy in a clinical setting, the recent focus has been on the, development of indices that provide continuous, rather than relative, measures of improvement. Although the Disease Activity Score (DAS) and DAS28 have been the most commonly used of these continuous measures, these indices are perceived by some to be difficult to perform in busy outpatient settings. Therefore, indices based on simpler equations and/or fewer elements, and indices based entirely on patient-reported data have been proposed as alternatives. This review discusses each of these major disease indices and focuses on the most recent developments in their validation and application to clinical care.
How are Various Surrogate Indicators Consistent with Mechanical Reliability of Water Distribution Systems: From a Perspective of Many-Objective Optimization

Exploring the trade-off between cost and system reliability of water distribution systems (WDSs) has been focused for two decades. Due to the intensive computation associated with the reliability analysis, it is popular in the research community to replace this procedure by using surrogate indicators. However, the discussion on the correlation among different types of such indicators is generally lacking, which implies that a deeper understanding of this aspect is needed. This paper proposes a novel methodology of investigating the relationships among many commonly used surrogate indicators for measuring the mechanical reliability of WDSs. In particular, the optimal design of WDSs is formulated as a many-objective optimization problem, using cost and each surrogate indicator as an individual goal. Two benchmark design problems of different scales and complexities are considered for verifying the proposed method. The well-known multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), namely Borg that is suitable for coping with problems involving many objectives, is used to obtain the best approximation to the Pareto-optimal fronts for both cases. Afterward, the one-pipe burst testing is conducted to quantify the correlation between mechanical reliability and surrogate indicators. Results suggest that investigating the correlation of surrogate indicators from the perspective of many-objective optimization provides a direct and efficient way of distinguishing better indicators from worse ones. Resilience-based surrogate indicators and the Redundancy indicator that only depends on nodal pressures are highly related to the mechanical reliability of WDSs. In contrast, entropy-based indicators exhibit poor performance in reflecting the mechanical reliability. These insights contribute to the selection of more appropriate surrogate indicators for the optimal design of WDSs for researchers and practitioners.
Petrology of Lava from The Maninjau Lake, West Sumatera

Andesitic lavas and rhyolitic tuffs are the main products of the Maninjau Lake during Pleistocene. The lava is distributed up to radius of 20 km, whiles the tuff 100 km that suggests a high explosive volcanic. The lava is exposed beautifully along the road from Bukit Tinggi to Lubuk Basung mapped as Qamj on the 1:250 000 geologic map of Padang Quadrangle. The lava is having sheeting joint in some parts, dark gray, highly porphyritic in texture with phenocrysts of plagioclase, clino- pyroxene, ortho-pyroxene and opaques. Quartz phenocryst occurs in rhyolite lavas that are rarely found in the area. Xenoliths of diorite are occurred in some andesite. The lavas have narrow range in silica composition ranging from 54-60 wt % and rarely up to 69 wt%. K2O versus SiO2 relationship shows that analyzed samples belong to calc-alkaline series which are mainly of high-K. While the trace element of the rocks is summarized on the spider diagram, here their patterns strongly resemble the typical of arc lavas with enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy REE (HREE). More over, these patterns show an Nb resembling the arc type magma commonly resulted from subduction, whether in island arc or active continental margin. The geochemical characteristic of the lava from Maninjau Lake is a lower concentration of Ba, Sr and La than other active continental margin like the Andes volcanic rocks. Like many other subducted related rocks, the andesite characterize a very evolved magma, where they have low MgO concentrations (3 wt%) with Mg# 30-53. According to the plate tectonic model, Sumatera is on the continental side to subduction process since Eocene until the present. The presence of subducted magma character in Maninjau Lake area was argued to have been accounted during the eastward subduction of the India-Australia Oceanic Crust. It seems also that Sumatra Fault Zone is a very important agent to conduit magma onto the surface in the Barisan Ranges including the lava resulted from Maninjau Lake. K eywords : petrology, andesitic lava, rhyolitic tuff, Maninjau, Pleistocene
Rediscovery of the Lake Urmia newt, Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862 (Caudata: Salamandridae) in northwestern Iran after 150 years

—We report on the rediscovery of the Lake Urmia newt, Neurergus crocatus in Iran, 150 years after its original description and last report by Cope 1862. The Lake Urmia newt is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Some specimens, both adult and larvae, of N. crocatus were found in Iran during two field surveys near the Iran-Iraq border (south west of West Azerbaijan Province, surrounding the type locality “Urmia,” at 1786-1823 m above sea level [a.s.l.] elevation). Water samples were taken from two breeding habitats, as preliminary data, and were analyzed for 13 chemical variables to determine the characteristics of water chemistry. The morphological comparison of the new specimens with the original description and data from Schmidtler and Schmidtler (1975) did not reveal any distinct morphological differences. Previous to our study there was no information regarding the exact locality of N. crocatus and its population status in Iran. Our confirmation of N. crocatus in northwestern Iran indicates that protection is needed if this species is to persist in Iran. In addition, water chemistry analysis of the two new habitat records showed that in this area N. crocatus inhabits two streams with good water quality.
West Virginia School Psychologists' Roles in Contrast to the NASP Practice Model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current roles of school psychologists practicing in West Virginia in contrast and comparison to the National Association of School Psychology (NASP) Model of Comprehensive and Integrated School Psychological Services. A needs-assessment survey developed by the West Virginia School Psychologist Association (WVSPA) was distributed to all the school psychologists in West Virginia in order to determine the main services being provided in the state. The results indicated that school psychologists in West Virginia spend the majority of their time in data-based decision-making as opposed to evenly distributing their time conducting a broad array of roles as encouraged by the NASP Model.
Vegetation structure and species composition variation of roadside slopes in Sichuan Basin, China

Sichuan Basin in southwestern China is a region of great conservation concern, yet little is known about the influence of edaphic factors on plant community dynamics of disturbed areas. We used multivariate analyses to identify differences in vegetation structure (i.e., tree, shrub, forb, and graminoid) and species composition between sandstone and shale substrates across 13 successional forest plant communities that varied in soil depth and soil texture. Vegetation structure did not differ between substrates (P >0.05), but plant community composition varied significantly (P = 0.0017). In addition, six indicator species were identified, including two native perennial grasses; namely, Imperata cylindrica for intermediate soil depths (20-30 cm) on sandstone substrate (P = 0.016) and Miscanthus sinensis for greater soil depths ( > 30 cm) on sandstone (P = 0.012) as well as on intermediate soil depths (20-30 cm) on shale substrate (P = 0.0002). Imperata cylindrica and M. sinensis were also the most dominant perennial grass species on sandstone (15.6 ± 5.3% cover) and shale (12.3 ± 4.9% cover), respectively. These patterns provide insights into species interactions and successional dynamics of roadside slopes, and offer guidance when choosing suitable species for future restoration projects in the Sichuan Basin.
Influence of shrinkage and stretch during drying on paper properties

A drying paper strives to shrink due to the shrinkage of the individual paper fibres. Laboratory results show that a reduction of the shrinkage or an imposed stretch leads to a large increase in tensile stiffness and a large decrease in strain at break. In c cylinder drying section the water in the web is repeatedly heated on the drying cylinder and evaporated in the free draw. To evaluate the drying process regarding influence on paper properties these sub-processes, or drying phases, have to be studied separately. The effect of the conditions on the drying cylinder and on the VacRoll is investigated in pilot trails. Both the fabric tension on the drying cylinder and on the VacRoll reduces the shrinkage of the paper. The laboratory results are used as input to a numerical simulation of the conditions in the free draw. If the web width is increased or the length of the free draw is reduced the mean shrinkage of the paper web is reduced . However, the difference in shrinkage between the middle and the edge of the web is increased.
Adherence to antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected patients: results of a survey among physicians and patients.

A DuPont Merck survey of patients and physicians addresses the issues of adherence to complex HIV antiretroviral therapy and suggests that simpler regimens could improve adherence. Adherence is not related to income, social class, occupation, or educational background and these are, therefore, not predictive parameters; however, the number of doses in the daily drug regimen and past adherence rates are predictive of compliance. Adherence is shown to be much higher with once- or twice-daily dosing regimens, and significantly lower with three- and four-times daily dosing. Complex food requirements may also contribute to adherence problems. Tables provide statistics on various dosing regimens for HIV infection, responses to the seriousness of adherence problems, and patients' reasons for not adhering to their drug regimens. Also included in the tables are the way length of therapy affects adherence parameters and physician and patient responses on how regimen adherence can be improved.
Academic Workshops: A Plan To Help Students Experiencing Academic Probation and Disqualification.

This mini-study evaluated efforts by the School of Health and Human Services Advisement Center at California State University, Los Angeles to reach and support students on probation or were disqualified. Workshops were held to educate students on campus policies and procedures, time and stress management skills, and factors that either contribute to or impede academic progress. A survey of participants (83 percent of those contacted) clearly demonstrated the desire of such students to receive help and the benefits of the workshops. (EV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the origMal document. Academic Workshops: A Plan to Help Students Experiencing Academic Probation Disqualification PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 by Phil Brocato U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION . i. CENTER (ERIC) Icelhi9s document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. ID Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.