Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Parasitic Infections in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice in National Liver Institute (

Obstructive jaundice is a surgical problem where there is blockage of the bile duct due to many causes as biliary stones, biliary strictures, cancer head of pancreas and also parasites can cause obstruction either by direct obstruction of the duct by the worms or the parasites act as a nidus for stone formation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of various parasitic infections in patients with obstructive jaundice. This study was conducted on 110 patients with obstructive jaundice chosen from the ERCP unit (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography) National Liver Institute. All patients were subjected to clinical examination, urine and stool examination. ERCP to diagnose and treat the causes of obstruction, eosinophilic count, liver functions and viral markers. IHAT was done to diagnose bilharziasis, fascioliasis and hydatidosis. Rectal snip to diagnose S.mansoni. ERCP in the current study revealed five cases of parasites inside the bile duct (two cases of live Fasciola worm, two cases of hydatid sand resulting from rupture hydatid cyst and one case of live Ascaris worm). IHAT (Indirect Haemagglutination Test) revealed 42 positive cases for bilharziasis, 2 positive cases for hydatidosis and 8 positive cases for facioliasis. Stool examination was positive in 5 cases of bilharziasis, 2 cases of fascioliasis and 18 cases of ascariasis. Rectal snip was positive for S. mansoni in 13 cases. Eosinophilia was reported in 57.1% of bilharzial patients, 100% of hydatid patients, 62.5% of fascioliasis patients and in 72.2% of ascariasis patients. Alkaline phosphatase level was > 115 IU/L in 91% of patients, GGT was >85 IU/L in 86% of cases and direct bilirubin was >2 mg/dl in 82% of cases. From the present study it was concluded that many parasites may be a cause of obstruction of the bile duct either by direct obstruction of the duct as in case of biliary parasites or act as a nidus for stone formation. [Shafey D.A. ; Nassef N. ; Sharaf S. A. ; Saad A.E. ; Selim S. and Saleh S.M. Role of Parasitic Infections in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice in National Liver Institute (N.L.I). J Am Sci 2014;10(8):169-173]. (ISSN: 15451003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 23
Does leadership effectiveness correlates with leadership styles in healthcare executives of Iran University of Medical Sciences

Background: Effective leadership is essential to passing through obstacles facing the health field.The current health care system in Iran has major problems and gaps in the field of effective leadership. The aim of this study was to evaluate hospital managers’ leadership style through selfassessment and to determine the correlation between leadership styles with healthcare executives’ leadership readiness and leadership effectiveness. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a self-administered questionnaire completed by all internal healthcare executives of all teaching and non-teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Questionnaire was composed to determine demographic information, leadership style questions, leadership effectiveness and leadership readiness. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: According to the findings, the dominant style of healthcare executives was transformational leadership style (with a score of 4.34). The leadership effectiveness was estimated at about 4.36 that shows the appropriate level of leadership effectiveness. There was a significant correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.244) between leadership readiness and transformational leadership style (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant correlation between leadership effectiveness with transformational (0.051) and transactional (0.216) styles. Conclusion: There was a correlation between leadership readiness and leadership effectiveness with leadership styles. Application of this research will be crucial to universities and healthcare executives. This study suggests that strengthening the scientific basis is essential for leadership readiness and leadership effectiveness in healthcare system.
Multilocus Sequence Typing Supports the Hypothesis that Cow- and Human-Associated Salmonella Isolates Represent Distinct and Overlapping Populations

ABSTRACT A collection of 179 human and 156 bovine clinical Salmonella isolates obtained from across New York state over the course of 1 year was characterized using serotyping and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on the sequencing of three genes (fimA, manB, and mdh). The 335 isolates were differentiated into 52 serotypes and 72 sequence types (STs). Analyses of bovine isolates collected on different farms over time indicated that specific subtypes can persist over time on a given farm; in particular, a number of farms showed evidence for the persistence of a specific Salmonella enterica serotype Newport sequence type. Serotypes and STs were not randomly distributed among human and bovine isolates, and selected serotypes and STs were associated exclusively with either human or bovine sources. A number of common STs were geographically widespread. For example, ST6, which includes isolates representing serotype Typhimurium as well as the emerging serotype 4,5,12:i:-, was found among human and bovine isolates in a number of counties in New York state. Phylogenetic analyses supported the possibility that serotype 4,5,12:i:- is closely related to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Salmonella serotype Newport was found to represent two distinct evolutionary lineages that differ in their frequencies among human and bovine isolates. A number of Salmonella isolates carried two copies of manB (33 isolates) or showed small deletion events in fimA (nine isolates); these duplication and deletion events may provide mechanisms for the rapid diversification of Salmonella surface molecules. We conclude that the combined use of an economical three-gene MLST scheme and serotyping can provide considerable new insights into the evolution and transmission of Salmonella.
Genotoxicity studies on the phenoxyacetates 2,4-D and 4-CPA in the Drosophila wing spot test.

The phenoxyacetates 2,4-D and 4-CPA were evaluated for genotoxicity using the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test, which assesses for somatic mutation and recombination events. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two recessive mutations affecting the expression of wing trichomes, multiple wing hairs (mwh), and flare (flr) were treated by chronic feeding with different concentrations of the two chemicals. Feeding lasted until pupation of the surviving larvae and the genotoxic effects induced were evaluated in adults for the appearance of wing-blade cell clones with the mwh, flr, or mwh-flr phenotypes. Exposure to 2,4-D, at the highest concentration evaluated (10 mM), induced a weak but significant increase in the frequency of two of the categories of recorded spots: large single and total spots; in contrast, the 4-CPA treatments failed to induce any significant increase in the frequency of evaluated spots. When the heterozygous larvae for mwh and the multiple inverted TM3 balancer chromosome were treated with the chemicals, no increases were detected, either after the 2,4-D nor the 4-CPA treatments.
COVID-19 Outcomes in 4712 consecutively confirmed SARS-CoV2 cases in the city of Madrid.

There is limited information describing features and outcomes of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID19 disease and still no treatments have clearly demonstrated efficacy. Demographics and clinical variables on admission, as well as laboratory markers and therapeutic interventions were extracted from electronic Clinical Records (eCR) in 4712 SARS-CoV2 infected patients attending 4 public Hospitals in Madrid. Patients were stratified according to age and stage of severity. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, cut-off points that best discriminated mortality were obtained for each of the studied variables. Principal components analysis and a neural network (NN) algorithm were applied. A high mortality incidence associated to age >70, comorbidities (hypertension, neurological disorders and diabetes), altered vitals such as fever, heart rhythm disturbances or elevated systolic blood pressure, and alterations in several laboratory tests. Remarkably, analysis of therapeutic options either taken individually or in combination drew a universal relationship between the use of Cyclosporine A and better outcomes as also a benefit of tocilizumab and/or corticosteroids in critically ill patients. We present a large Spanish population-based study addressing factors influencing survival in current SARS CoV2 pandemic, with particular emphasis on the effectivity of treatments. In addition, we have generated an NN capable of identifying severity predictors of SARS CoV2. A rapid extraction and management of data protocol from eCR and artificial intelligence in-house implementations allowed us to perform almost real time monitoring of the outbreak evolution.
Peripheral Inflammatory Hyperalgesia Depends on P2X7 Receptors in Satellite Glial Cells

Peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia depends on the sensitization of primary nociceptive neurons. Inflammation drives molecular alterations not only locally but also in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) where interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and purinoceptors are upregulated. Activation of the P2X7 purinoceptors by ATP is essential for IL-1β maturation and release. At the DRG, P2X7R are expressed by satellite glial cells (SGCs) surrounding sensory neurons soma. Although SGCs have no projections outside the sensory ganglia these cells affect pain signaling through intercellular communication. Therefore, here we investigated whether activation of P2X7R by ATP and the subsequent release of IL-1β in DRG participate in peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia. Immunofluorescent images confirmed the expression of P2X7R and IL-1β in SGCs of the DRG. The function of P2X7R was then verified using a selective antagonist, A-740003, or antisense for P2X7R administered in the L5-DRG. Inflammation was induced by CFA, carrageenan, IL-1β, or PGE2 administered in rat’s hind paw. Blockage of P2X7R at the DRG reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CFA, and prevented the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan or IL-1β, but not PGE2. It was also found an increase in P2X7 mRNA expression at the DRG after peripheral inflammation. IL-1β production was also increased by inflammatory stimuli in vivo and in vitro, using SGC-enriched cultures stimulated with LPS. In LPS-stimulated cultures, activation of P2X7R by BzATP induced the release of IL-1β, which was blocked by A-740003. In summary, our data suggest that peripheral inflammation leads to the activation of P2X7R expressed by SGCs at the DRG. Then, ATP-induced activation of P2X7R mediates the release of IL-1β from SGC. This evidence places the SGC as an active player in the establishment of peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia and highlights the importance of the events in DRG for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
How Commonly Used Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Antidepressant Registration Trials Affect Study Enrollment

In clinical trials, each specific inclusion and exclusion criterion eliminates a percentage of the potentially eligible population from trial participation and thus increases the time and effort needed for enrollment in a study. Drug developers often do not have data on how these criteria affect the pool of potentially eligible subjects for their trials and, hence, they cannot factor in the impact of these criteria when designing a study and planning the time needed to complete it. Consequently, drug developers often have ambitious timelines that are unrealistic and can lead to actions that may interfere with the ability to separate the efficacy of drug versus placebo. To investigate the effects of inclusion and exclusion criteria on study enrollment, the authors quantified the effects of the inclusion and exclusion criteria commonly used in antidepressant registration trials (ARTs) by applying these criteria to the population treated in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. In essence, the STAR*D study population was used as a surrogate for the general population of individuals with major depressive disorder. The effect of each criterion commonly used in ARTs was assessed in terms of the percentage of the STAR*D population that would have been excluded individually and collectively (ie, when all criteria were applied at once). For continuous criteria such as age and severity of depression, the resulting effects have been presented graphically. Collectively, the typical inclusion and exclusion criteria used in ARTs would have eliminated at least 82% of the STAR*D population. This result means that more than 5 times the number of subjects would have to be screened to find a population that would meet the typical inclusion and exclusion criteria for an ART, directly determining the screening effort required in terms of both resources and time. Thus, developers of antidepressant drugs can use the data from this study to plan the recruitment effort required and to weigh any potential benefit of each criterion alone and in aggregate versus their cost in terms of recruitment support and time. These data also graphically illustrate for prescribers how restrictive the population likely to be enrolled in ARTs is relative to the patients whom they treat with such medications.
Les dimensions de l’américanisation en question : modalités d’adoption de l’idéologie de la valeur actionnariale dans les rapports annuels d’entreprises du CAC 40 (1998-2012)

L’americanisation, en tant que processus d’importation de modeles de management americains, souleve deux principales questions : 1) la question de ce qui est transfere et adopte, c’est-a-dire de ses dimensions : le modele dans son ensemble ou ses composantes; 2) celle des modalites d’adoption de ces elements. L’ambition de cet article est d’y repondre en etudiant les dimensions et modalites d’adoption de la composante ideologique du modele americain de la creation de valeur actionnariale en France et ce, sur une quinzaine d’annees. Les resultats revelent une faible adoption de la composante ideologique du modele de la valeur actionnariale au sein du CAC 40, au benefice de l’hybridation et du particularisme.
Disentangling Large- and Small-Scale Abiotic and Biotic Factors Shaping Soil Microbial Communities in an Alpine Cushion Plant System

Microorganisms play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem processes, but the key factors driving microbial community structure are poorly understood, particularly in alpine environments. In this study, we aim to disentangle the relative contribution of abiotic and biotic factors shaping bacterial and fungal community structure at large and small spatial and integration scales in an alpine system dominated by a stress-tolerant cushion species Thylacospermum ceaspitosum. These effects were assessed in two mountain ranges of northwest China and for two contrasting phenotypes of the cushion species inhabiting two different microtopographic positions. The large- and small-scale abiotic effects include the site and microhabitat effects, respectively, while the large- and small-scale biotic effects include the effects of cushion presence and cushion phenotype, respectively. Soil microbial communities were characterized by Illumina Miseq sequencing. Uni- and multivariate statistics were used to test the effects of abiotic and biotic factors at both scales. Results indicated that the site effect representing the soil pH and abiotic hydrothermal conditions mainly affected bacterial community structure, whereas fungal community structure was mainly affected by biotic factors with an equal contribution of cushion presence and cushion phenotype effects. Future studies should analyze the direct factors contributing to shaping microbial community structure in particular of the cushion phenotypes.
Natural anti‐tumor serum reactivity in balb/c mice. I. Characterization and interference with tumor growth

A natural cytotoxic reactivity directed against syngeneic or allogeneic tumor cells was demonstrated in serum of BALB/c mice by an in vitro cytotoxicity test using rabbit serum as the source of complement. The reactivity, studied on syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells, was found to be minimal in mice less than 10 weeks old and to increase progressively with age. T‐deprivation determined an increase of reactivity in young mice to levels reached spontaneously only by the serum of 40‐week‐old mice. The BALB/c serum also revealed natural anti‐thymus antibodies. Non‐identity between anti‐tumor and anti‐thymus antibodies was demonstrated by direct cytotoxicity and absorption tests. An inoculum of syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells increased the level of anti‐tumor serum reactivity in both normal and T‐deprived young mice. The natural anti‐tumor cytotoxicity revealed in vitro seemed to exert a specific in vivo protection as suggested by the indirect correlation found between the level of the natural anti‐tumor reactivity and the growth of a transplanted fibrosarcoma.
Deep Learning-Based Fault Localization with Contextual Information

Fault localization is essential for solving the issue of software faults. Aiming at improving fault localization, this paper proposes a deep learning-based fault localization with contextual information. Specifically, our approach uses deep neural network to construct a suspiciousness evaluation model to evaluate the suspiciousness of a statement being faulty, and then leverages dynamic backward slicing to extract contextual information. The empirical results show that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art technique Dstar. key words: fault localization, dynamic slice, deep learning, contextual information
Global Survey and Genome Exploration of Bacteriophages Infecting the Lactic Acid Bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus

Despite the persistent and costly problem caused by (bacterio)phage predation of Streptococcus thermophilus in dairy plants, DNA sequence information relating to these phages remains limited. Genome sequencing is necessary to better understand the diversity and proliferative strategies of virulent phages. In this report, whole genome sequences of 40 distinct bacteriophages infecting S. thermophilus were analyzed for general characteristics, genomic structure and novel features. The bacteriophage genomes display a high degree of conservation within defined groupings, particularly across the structural modules. Supporting this observation, four novel members of a recently discovered third group of S. thermophilus phages (termed the 5093 group) were found to be conserved relative to both phage 5093 and to each other. Replication modules of S. thermophilus phages generally fall within two main groups, while such phage genomes typically encode one putative transcriptional regulator. Such features are indicative of widespread functional synteny across genetically distinct phage groups. Phage genomes also display nucleotide divergence between groups, and between individual phages of the same group (within replication modules and at the 3′ end of the lysis module)—through various insertions and/or deletions. A previously described multiplex PCR phage detection system was updated to reflect current knowledge on S. thermophilus phages. Furthermore, the structural protein complement as well as the antireceptor (responsible for the initial attachment of the phage to the host cell) of a representative of the 5093 group was defined. Our data more than triples the currently available genomic information on S. thermophilus phages, being of significant value to the dairy industry, where genetic knowledge of lytic phages is crucial for phage detection and monitoring purposes. In particular, the updated PCR detection methodology for S. thermophilus phages is highly useful in monitoring particular phage group(s) present in a given whey sample. Studies of this nature therefore not only provide information on the prevalence and associated threat of known S. thermophilus phages, but may also uncover newly emerging and genomically distinct phages infecting this dairy starter bacterium.
Generalized Augmented Matrix Preconditioning Approach and its Application to Iterative Solution of Ill-Conditioned Algebraic Systems

The present work is devoted to a class of preconditioners based on the augmented matrix approach considered earlier by two of the present authors. It presents some generalizations of the subspace-correction schemes studied earlier and gives a brief comparison of the developed technique with a somewhat similar "deflation" algorithm. The developed preconditioners are able to improve significantly an eigenvalue distribution of certain severely ill-conditioned algebraic systems by using properly chosen projection matrices, which correct the low-frequency components in the spectrum. One of the main advantages of the proposed approach is the possibility of using inexact solvers within the projectors. Another attractive feature of the developed method is that it can be easily combined with other preconditioners, for instance, those which correct the high-frequency eigenmodes.
Nuclear transplantation in the bovine embryo: assessment of donor nuclei and recipient oocyte.

Blastomeres from 2- to 32-cell bovine embryos were transferred to enucleated oocytes matured either in vivo or in vitro by micromanipulation and electrofusion. The percentage of donor cells fusing with the recipient oocytes was dependent on relative cell size or stage of development. Therefore, when smaller donor karyoplasts (17- to 32-cell vs. 2- to 8-cell) were transferred, the rate of fusion was significantly less (p less than 0.01). After fusion, nuclear transfer embryos were cultured either in vitro or in vivo (in a ligated ovine oviduct). Nuclear transfer embryos cultured in vitro developed to the 4- to 6-cell stage after 72 h (4-cell, 71%; 8-cell, 33%, 16-cell, 33%; p less than 0.30), whereas nuclear transfer embryos cultured in vivo developed to the morula or blastocyst stage (2- to 8-cell, 11.7%; 9- to 16-cell, 16.0%; 17- to 32-cell, 8.3%; p greater than 0.30) after 4 or 5 days. Freshly ovulated oocytes (collected 36 h after the onset of estrus), when used as recipients, resulted in morula/blastocyst-stage embryos more often than in vitro-matured oocytes or in vivo-matured oocytes collected 48 h after the onset of estrus (20% vs. 7.8% and 6.7%, respectively; p less than 0.02). After in vivo culture, nuclear transfer embryos were mounted and fixed or transferred nonsurgically to the uteri of 6- to 8-day postestrus heifers. Seven pregnancies resulted from the transfer of 19 embryos into 13 heifers; 2 heifers completed pregnancy with the birth of live calves. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)