Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression after trauma center hospitalization.

BACKGROUND Individuals hospitalized after physical trauma are at heightened risk for mental disorders. We examined prevalence rates of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression at 6 and 12 months in a sample of 677 individuals experiencing different types of trauma who were representative of physical trauma survivors hospitalized in Los Angeles County trauma centers. Demographic and injury-related risk factors for these disorders were also evaluated. METHODS Bivariate logistic regressions estimated risk for PTSD and depression at either 6 or 12 months associated with baseline risk factors. RESULTS At 6 months, 31% of participants met screening criteria for probable PTSD and 31% met criteria for probable depression. At 12 months, 28% and 29% met criteria for PTSD and depression, respectively. There were also high rates of comorbidity; depression and PTSD co-occurred in 21% of individuals at 6 months and in 19% of patients at 12 months. Bivariate logistic regressions indicated that preexisting disability and lower education were associated with higher odds of PTSD at either 6 or 12 months. African Americans and Hispanics had higher odds of PTSD compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians. Assault-related injury (versus accident), more severe injury, and longer hospitalizations were also associated with greater odds of PTSD. By contrast, higher odds of depression at 6 or 12 months were only associated with preexisting disability, losing consciousness, more severe injury, and longer hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS Key demographic and injury characteristics may enhance identification of at-risk trauma survivors who would benefit from targeted screening, patient education, and early intervention efforts.
Hepatic differentiation of liver‐derived progenitor cells and their characterization by microRNA analysis

We recently reported the isolation and characterization of a novel population of progenitor cells called liver‐derived progenitor cells (LDPCs), which could differentiate into functional hepatocytes in vitro. However, our original studies resulted in relatively low and variable hepatic differentiation efficiency without validation of in vivo potential of LDPCs. Here, we report an efficient and robust hepatic differentiation of LDPCs under well‐defined culture conditions and in vivo differentiation of LDPCs to mature hepatocytes. In addition to morphological studies, we performed reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and microRNA analyses of the in vitro hepatic differentiation of LDPCs to substantiate the efficiency of the differentiation process. The histological studies on the differentiated LDPCs showed that more than 50% of the cells were positive for albumin, cytokeratin 18, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α and contained glycogen particles, all consistent with differentiation to functional hepatocytes. We also demonstrated by RT‐PCR that upon differentiation, they expressed several markers found in mature hepatocytes and the microRNA profile of LDPCs became similar to the profile of fresh hepatocytes, confirming our morphological findings. Finally, the transplantation of LDPCs in a dipeptidyl peptidase IV–deficient (DPPIV−/−) rat model showed that LDPCs were able to engraft and form mature hepatocytes in the livers of the DPPIV−/− rats. In summary, LDPCs are a unique population of liver progenitor cells capable of hepatic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, which makes them a potentially valuable resource for important applications such as pharmacological studies and cell therapies for a variety of liver disorders. Liver Transpl 16:1086–1097, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
A 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging volumetric analysis of the hippocampal formation: dependence on handedness and age.

BACKGROUND The hippocampal formation (HF) is one of the most important parts of the brain in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric analysis in various domains, but not completely from all aspects, including the handedness. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible differences in the volume of the right and left HF among the healthy right-handed and left-handed subjects, and to determine whether the volume differences are age related. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MRI of this prospective study was performed using T1 fast field echo (FFE) sequence. The 124 subsequent coronal slices (thickness 1.5 mm) were performed in each participant. The obtained HF volumes were normalised and statistically compared. Volunteers comprised 30 persons aged 22.0 years, 12 of whom were the left-handed, and 30 persons aged 75.2 years on average, 9 of whom were the left-handed. RESULTS The right and left HF volumes averaged 2.986 cm3 and 2.858 cm3 in the right-handed, and 2.879 cm³ and 3.020 cm³ in the left-handed young volunteers, as well as 2.728 cm³ and 2.650 cm³ in the right-handed, and 2.617 cm³ and 2.780 cm³ in the left-handed elderly persons. The HF volume ratios in the young left-handed participants showed a significant left-greater-than-right asymmetry. A significant difference was also noticed within the right-to-left volume ratios of the right- and left-handed young and elderly participants. The latter reduction in the HF volume within the aged group can be interpreted as a slight atrophy of the HF. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant difference in the volumes of the left and right HF of the left-handed young participants. The age related HF volume differences were proven between the groups of the young and elderly volunteers. The obtained data should be included into the future MRI studies of the HF volumes in various clinical domains.
RETINAL SENSITIVITY AND CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN HIGH MYOPIA

Purpose: To estimate the association between choroidal thickness in the macular area and retinal sensitivity in eyes with high myopia. Methods: This investigation was a transversal study of patients with high myopia, all of whom had their retinal sensitivity measured with macular integrity assessment microperimetry. The choroidal thicknesses in the macular area were then measured by optical coherence tomography, and statistical correlations between their functionality and the anatomical structuralism, as assessed by both types of measurements, were analyzed. Results: Ninety-six eyes from 77 patients with high myopia were studied. The patients had a mean age ± standard deviation of 38.9 ± 13.2 years, with spherical equivalent values ranging from −6.00 diopter to −20.00 diopter (8.74 ± 2.73 diopter). The mean central choroidal thickness was 159.00 ± 50.57. The mean choroidal thickness was directly correlated with sensitivity (r = 0.306; P = 0.004) and visual acuity but indirectly correlated with the spherical equivalent values and patient age. The mean sensitivity was not significantly correlated with the macular foveal thickness (r = −0.174; P = 0.101) or with the overall macular thickness (r = 0.103; P = 0.334); furthermore, the mean sensitivity was significantly correlated with visual acuity (r = 0.431; P < 0.001) and the spherical equivalent values (r = −0.306; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Retinal sensitivity in highly myopic eyes is directly correlated with choroidal thickness and does not seem to be associated with retinal thickness. Thus, in patients with high myopia, accurate measurements of choroidal thickness may provide more accurate information about this pathologic condition because choroidal thickness correlates to a greater degree with the functional parameters, patient age, and spherical equivalent values.
A Soft Systems Approach to Knowledge Worker Productivity—Analysis of the Problem Situation

Low knowledge worker productivity is an important problem that needs to be addressed. Current research addressing this problem is fragmented and deals with different isolated elements of the problem. There is a need for a holistic approach to knowledge worker productivity. This paper takes the first steps of a holistic approach to knowledge worker productivity by using soft systems methodology to describe the problem situation. The main challenge of this research was the abstraction of the results from two literature reviews into simple rich pictures and specific root definitions to identify the fundamentals of knowledge worker productivity. The problem situation was explored from the perspective of two problem owners, the organization and the individual knowledge worker. The rich picture from the perspective of the organization highlighted that the organization must communicate what they perceive as value and create a work environment that promotes collaboration, encourages knowledge sharing, motivates and fulfills the needs of their knowledge workers. The rich picture from the perspective of the individual knowledge worker highlighted the fact that knowledge workers need to manage their personal resources, be effective and efficient to maximize their own productivity. This paper attempts to integrate these two perspectives into a holistic view.
Retention and Fading of Military Skills: Literature Review

Abstract : The Canadian Forces (CF) trains in a wide variety of skills. For reasons of efficiency and economy, it is important to conduct no more refresher training than is necessary to keep performance at the desired skill level. This work surveyed the scientific and technical literature for models of skill fading and tools for determining when refresher training is required. In particular, the literature review investigated models for predicting skill retention relevant to the military domain. Subjective approaches, qualitative approaches, and quantitative have been used to model skill retention. Currently the U.S. Army Research Institute's Users' Decision Aid (UDA) model is the most advanced model. The UDA is one of few approaches for which empirical research has been done to assess its applicability and practicality. The UDA has been demonstrated to be relatively easy to administer, although some training is needed to perform the ratings correctly and reliably. The UDA itself is low-cost and requires no special equipment. The UDA, however, has received empirical validation from just one study that reports a comparison between UDA predictions and actual retention data. The literature review identifies a set of lessons learned and discusses five specific recommendations.
Perceived quality of life in pregnant adolescent girls.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived quality of life and functional status of pregnant adolescent girls. STUDY DESIGN The Medical Outcomes Survey-Short Form 36, version 2, is a multi-item scale that measures a subject's perception of eight health components. These questionnaires and demographic surveys were completed by teen patients aged 14 to 18 years during antenatal visits to a university-based resident continuity clinic. Mean scores (0 points indicates the poorest perceived health and functional status, 100 points indicates the highest perceived health and functional status) were then compared with mean scores for women in the general population of all ages and, specifically, women aged 18 to 24 years. RESULTS Forty-two pregnant adolescent girls participated (median age, 16 years; median education level, 10th grade). Ninety-two percent of the girls belonged to a racial-ethnic minority, and all qualified for Medicaid. Pregnant adolescent girls had slightly lower overall scores for all components of perceived quality of life, with the exception of the vitality component. Scores were significantly lower than normative scores (by >1 SD) for only the physical functioning component. CONCLUSION There appears to be little change in perceived quality of life in pregnant adolescent girls. This information may be useful in the provision of comprehensive care to pregnant adolescent girls.
The Btk inhibitor LFM-A13 is a potent inhibitor of Jak2 kinase activity

Abstract LFMA13, or α-cyano-β-hydroxy-β-methyl-N-(2,5-dibromophenyl)propenamide, was shown to inhibit Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk). Here we show that LFM-A13 efficiently inhibits erythropoietin (Epo)-induced phosphorylation of the erythropoietin receptor, Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) and downstream signalling molecules. However, the tyrosine kinase activity of immunoprecipitated or in vitro translated Btk and Jak2 was equally inhibited by LFM-A13 in in vitro kinase assays. Finally, Epo-induced signal transduction was also inhibited in cells lacking Btk. Taken together, we conclude that LFM-A13 is a potent inhibitor of Jak2 and cannot be used as a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor to study the role of Btk in Jak2-dependent cytokine signalling.
Walking through a Maze Alters the Architecture of Sleep

Human and animal studies imply that sleep is a critical period for consolidation of recent memories. Whereas the majority of researchers focussed on the procedural learning, the present human study concerns how storing of spatial information and episodic memory are linked to sleep stages. Two city mazes, a simple and a complex one, were created by means of a computer program. Local aspects of these mazes appeared as street scenes on a TV-screen. Our subjects sat in front of the screen and manoeuvered through the maze by the help of a three-button PC mouse. Thus, each subject took a ‘mental walk’ through an imaginary city. The task was to find various end-points and to find the way back to the starting point. Subjects of two experimental groups ‘walked’ through either the simple or complex city maze for eight hours. Afterwards the subjects slept in our laboratory, where their sleep stages could be measured polygraphically. Subjects who had explored the simple maze showed considerable alteration in sleep architecture. They remained significantly longer in sleep Stage 2 than subjects who had explored the complex maze. Moreover, with successful orientation in the simple maze sleep stages occurred aperiodically, whereas walking through the complex maze was associated with sleep stages in accordance with ultradian cycles, as observed in a control group. Compared to subjects of the control group who had experienced neither maze, the subjects of both experimental groups had significantly enhanced EEG sleep spindle activities Alteration in temporal architecture of sleep and selective prolongation of sleep Stage 2 following spatial orientation point to a functional linkage between cognitive mapping of space and sleep Stage 2 with enhanced EEG spindle activity.
Relationship focused parent training within a dialectical framework: A case study

There are significant limitations to traditional behavioural parent training programmes and research indicates that interventions which incorporate relationship factors show superior results. Bidirectional models of the parent-child relationship provide an initial step for informing the field of parent training but more comprehensive models are required and using a dialectical framework is proposed. The current case study describes a programme that provided a five-week parent training course, with the core concept being finding and maintaining balance in the parent-child relationship. Results indicated that while two mothers with their three- and four- year-old child showed different responses to the therapy, they both reported an improvement in relationship factors. It is proposed that this is one of the necessary precursors to behavioural change. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
OPTN gene: profile of patients with glaucoma from India.

PURPOSE Optineurin gene (OPTN) mutations are reported in primary open angle glaucoma patients (POAG) from different populations. The coding and noncoding regions of OPTN were screened for mutations in 100 Indian high tension glaucoma patients (HTG). The frequency of the OPTN M98K mutation in an additional 120 patients (70 HTG and 50 normal tension glaucoma [NTG]) was analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion. METHODS The HTG patients (about 40 years of age) were characterized by open angles on gonioscopy, with raised intraocular pressure (IOP) more than 21 mmHg (<21 mmHg on office diurnal phasing for NTG), and typical glaucomatous disc changes with corresponding visual field defects in the absence of any secondary cause. One hundred HTG patients and controls were screened for OPTN mutations by direct sequencing using an ABI prism 310/3100 Avant genetic analyzer. The M98K status was analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion with StuI. A genotype/phenotype correlation was also attempted for OPTN sequence alterations with clinical parameters such as age at diagnosis, intraocular pressure, cup:disc ratio, etc. The putative change in the transcription factor binding site for the IVS7 +24G>A polymorphism was attempted with AliBaba software (version 2.1). RESULTS Six sequence alterations were observed in the 100 POAG patients by direct sequencing. The M98K substitution was observed in a total of 10 patients (7/170 HTG and 3/50 NTG) contributing to 4.1% in HTG and 6% in the NTG group and not in the controls. The IVS7+24G>A nucleotide change showed a significant difference in the HTG group (7/100) when compared to the control group (0/100) and found to be associated with increased IOP at diagnosis (p=0.03). The IVS7+24G>A polymorphism resulted in the creation of binding sites for transcription factors NF-1 and CPE that were not present in the wild type. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests a possible role of SNPs rather than mutations in OPTN in POAG pathology in the Indian population.
Clinical Presentation of Ovarian Tumors

Ovarian malignancy is a serious disease affecting women of all ages, more so above 50 years, and they are still difficult to treat, partly because no truly effective therapy has yet been developed although presentation is often vague and non-specific, the symptoms are definitely present. It is important to recognize the symptoms so far, there is no test yet available, which is truly specific and suitable for screening and early detection of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. So, it is concluded that for prognosis and patient survival, early detection and treatment is mandatory.
Type III neuregulin‐1 promotes oligodendrocyte myelination

The axonal signals that regulate oligodendrocyte myelination during development of the central nervous system (CNS) have not been established. In this study, we have examined the regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination by the type III isoform of neuregulin‐1 (NRG1), a neuronal signal essential for Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. In contrast to Schwann cells, primary oligodendrocytes differentiate normally when cocultured with dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons deficient in type III NRG1. However, they myelinate type III NRG1‐deficient neurites poorly in comparison to wild type cultures. Type III NRG1 is not sufficient to drive oligodendrocyte myelination as sympathetic neurons are not myelinated even with lentiviral‐mediated expression of NRG1. Mice haploinsufficient for type III NRG1 are hypomyelinated in the brain, as evidenced by reduced amounts of myelin proteins and lipids and thinner myelin sheaths. In contrast, the optic nerve and spinal cord of heterozygotes are myelinated normally. Together, these results implicate type III NRG1 as a significant determinant of the extent of myelination in the brain and demonstrate important regional differences in the control of CNS myelination. They also indicate that oligodendrocyte myelination, but not differentiation, is promoted by axonal NRG1, underscoring important differences in the control of myelination in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of COX17, a Yeast Gene Involved in Copper Metabolism and Assembly of Cytochrome Oxidase*

Mutations in the COX17 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cause a respiratory deficiency due to a block in the production of a functional cytochrome oxidase complex. Because cox17 mutants are able to express both the mitochondrially and nuclearly encoded subunits of cytochrome oxidase, the Cox17p most likely affects some late posttranslational step of the assembly pathway. A fragment of yeast nuclear DNA capable of complementing the mutation has been cloned by transformation of the cox17 mutant with a library of genomic DNA. Subcloning and sequencing of the COX17 gene revealed that it codes for a cysteine-rich protein with a molecular weight of 8,057. Unlike other previously described accessory factors involved in cytochrome oxidase assembly, all of which are components of mitochondria, Cox17p is a cytoplasmic protein. The cytoplasmic location of Cox17p suggested that it might have a function in delivery of a prosthetic group to the holoenzyme. A requirement of Cox17p in providing the copper prosthetic group of cytochrome oxidase is supported by the finding that a cox17 null mutant is rescued by the addition of copper to the growth medium. Evidence is presented indicating that Cox17p is not involved in general copper metabolism in yeast but rather has a more specific function in the delivery of copper to mitochondria.
Across‐Platform Imputation of DNA Methylation Levels Incorporating Nonlocal Information Using Penalized Functional Regression

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark involved in both normal development and disease progression. Recent advances in high‐throughput technologies have enabled genome‐wide profiling of DNA methylation. However, DNA methylation profiling often employs different designs and platforms with varying resolution, which hinders joint analysis of methylation data from multiple platforms. In this study, we propose a penalized functional regression model to impute missing methylation data. By incorporating functional predictors, our model utilizes information from nonlocal probes to improve imputation quality. Here, we compared the performance of our functional model to linear regression and the best single probe surrogate in real data and via simulations. Specifically, we applied different imputation approaches to an acute myeloid leukemia dataset consisting of 194 samples and our method showed higher imputation accuracy, manifested, for example, by a 94% relative increase in information content and up to 86% more CpG sites passing post‐imputation filtering. Our simulated association study further demonstrated that our method substantially improves the statistical power to identify trait‐associated methylation loci. These findings indicate that the penalized functional regression model is a convenient and valuable imputation tool for methylation data, and it can boost statistical power in downstream epigenome‐wide association study (EWAS).
Peritoneal washing in borderline epithelial ovarian tumors in women under 25: The use of cell block preparations

Serous tumors of low malignant potential are uncommon in women under 30‐years‐old peritoneal washings play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis of peritoneal washings is important in determining therapeutic regimens and in determining patient prognosis. In peritoneal washings, these tumors can be difficult to distinguish from reactive benign mesothelial cells. The cases of four women with borderline serous ovarian tumors, all of whom were under the age of 25, and had peritoneal washings which were positive for papillary tumors were reviewed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998:212– 214. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Necrotizing fasciitis: a deadly infection

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life‐threatening condition, consisting of a soft‐tissue infection with rapidly progressive, widespread fascial necrosis. NF may be caused by a wide variety of microbes. Indeed, NF may be an infection of one species of bacteria or may be polymicrobial. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy are the primary treatment options.