Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Smart Vega Factor-Based Investing : Disentangling Risk Premia from Implied Volatility Smirk

This paper paves the way for option-based volatility strategies genuinely built on factor-based investing. Since market option prices re ect uncertainty, we exploit the discrepancy between the physical and the risk-neutral distributions, i.e. the fair price of moments. From an economic perspective, the level, slope, and convexity associated to the implied volatility smirk quantify the departure of the returns probability distribution from the lognormal distribution. Subsequently, our so-called ''Smart Vega investing'' proposes option-based replication strategies mimicking the volatility, skewness, and kurtosis risk premia in the form of divergence swap contracts, tradeable at moderate transaction costs in incomplete option markets. Extending the Zhang-Xiang (2008) quadratic approximation, we derive an explicit representation of the implied volatility smirk function, conveniently expressed as a combination of tradeable time-varying risk premia that reward for bearing higher-order risks. Furthermore, we empirically test these theoretical underpinnings on the SPX and the VIX options, under strongly skewed leptokurtic distributions.
INVITED PAPER: VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF SWEEPING PROCESSES WITH CONTROLLED MOVING SETS

This paper brie y overviews some recent and very fresh results on a rather new class of dynamic optimization problems governed by the so-called sweeping (Moreau) processes with controlled moving sets. Uncontrolled sweeping processes have been known in dynamical systems and applications starting from 1970s while control problems for them have drawn attention of mathematicians, applied scientists, and practitioners quite recently. We discuss here such problems and major results achieved in their theory and applications. KEYWORDS: Variational analysis, dynamic optimization, sweeping processes, optimal control, discrete approximations, generalized dierentiation. MSC: 49J52, 49J53, 49K24, 49M25, 90C30.
Histopathological study on acrylamide induced testicular changes in adult male rats

ACR is a widely used industrial chemical. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid at room temperature with a molecular formula of C3H5NO (Grivas et al., 2002). ACR has been reported to be present in plant material such as potatoes, carrots, radish, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, parsley, onions, spinach and rice paddy (Arikawa and Shiga, 1980), in sugar (Sehultzova and Tekel, 1996) and olives (Friedman, 2003). ACR is found in carbohydrate-rich food prepared at high temperatures such as french fries and potato chips that are consumed by humans, consumption of these foods may result in significant human exposure to acrylamide where the formation of ACR is associated with high temperature (higher than 200 0 C) cooking process of certain carbohydrate rich foods(Rydberg et al., 2003). ACR can undergo oxidative biotransformation by cytochrome P450 (Sumner et al.,1999). The resulting metabolite is an epoxide derivative, that is glycidamide, which is more reactive towards DNA and proteins than the parent compound ACR (Dearfield et al., 1995). The biological consequences of ACR exposure have chiefly centered on neurotoxicity ever since this effect was observed in humans occupationally exposed to this compound (McCollister et al., 1964; Klaunig and Kamendulis , 2005 and Nuno et al., 2008) ,and produces peripheral neuropathy in animals ( Hashimoto and Aldridge, 1970). Subsequently, experimental exposure of rodents to ACR has also revealed a carcinogenic mode of action for this chemical (Friedman, 2003). Orally consumed ACR is absorbed into the circulation then distributed to various organs, and reacts with DNA and essential enzymes Baum et al.,(2008) and Rayburn and Friedman , (2010) added that ACR causing several toxic effects as animal carcinogen and germ cell mutagen Ghanayem et al., (2005). ACR is not genotoxic by itself but becomes activated to its primary epoxoide genotoxic metabolite glycidamide (GA) via epoxidation Baum et al.,(2008), by CYP2E1 which leads to the formation of GA-DNA and hemoglobin adducts (Ghanayem et al., 2005), reproductive toxicant and carcinogen in animals (El-Assouli, 2009). However, Butterworth, et al. ,(1992) reported that ACR induce dominant lethal mutations in male rat germ cells and tumors in a variety of organs, including the scrotum, thyroid and mammary glands. ACR-induced hepatotoxicity as the metabolism of ACR mediated through glutathione conjugation in the liver tissue (Miller et al, 2004). Histopathological investigation revealed necrotic and degenerative changes in the liver of acrylamide treated rats (EL-Bohe et al., 2011). The present study was performed to determine the histopathological lesions effects of acrylamide on testis in male rats.
A Qualitative Research On 2ND Grade Teachers’ Opinions About 2ND Grade English Language Teaching Curriculum

Bu calisma 2. sinif Ingilizce ogretmenlerinin ilgili program ile ilgili gorus ve farkindaliklarini ortaya koymaktadir. Veri Turkiye'nin 5 farkli ilinde 10 farkli devlet ilkogretim okulunda gorev yapan 14 ogretmenle yari yapilandirilmis gorusme teknigi kullanilarak toplanmistir. Ogretmenleri mesleki tecrubleri 1 ila 12 yil arasinda degismistir. Toplanan veri gorusme formunda her bir soruya uygun olacak sekilde olusturulmus 20 temaya (kategori) gore nitel bir sekilde analiz edilmistir. Arastirmanin sonuclari arastirmaya katilan ogretmenlerin 2. Sinif Ingilizce Ogretim Programini ihtiyac analizi, olcme ve degerlendirme, yas ve duzey uygunlugu, ogretim teknikleri ve kelime ogretimi gibi acilardan olumlu bulurken ekstra materyal eksikligi, kalabalik siniflarda uygulanma zorlugu, kulturel odaginin bulunmamasi, gerekli ogrenme tekniklerinin bulunmamasi, ogrenci ve velileri motive edecek yaninin bulunmamasi gibi acilardan da elestirdiklerini gostermistir.
Brazilian Lignocellulosic Wastes for Bioenergy Production: Characterization and Comparison with Fossil Fuels

The aim of this paper was to analyze energy-related properties of forestry and agricultural wastes for energy production purposes, and to compare them with fossil fuels. The forestry wastes used were red cedar, Eucalyptus, and Pinus wood shavings. The agricultural wastes analyzed were rice husk, coffee wastes, sugar cane bagasse, maize harvesting wastes, and bamboo cellulose pulp. The forestry wastes presented more suitable properties for bioenergy production than the agricultural wastes. Desirable energetic properties were found for coffee wastes. The opposite was verified for rice husks. Among the biomass studied, coffee wastes presented the highest equivalent in fossil fuel volume and hence may lead to the highest decrease in CO2 emissions by fossil fuels used in Brazil for steam and heat production. The results suggests that CO2 benefits can be obtained if bioenergy is generated in the same locale where biomass is produced, avoiding CO2 cost of logistics and leading to greater end-use efficiency. The present work promotes the widespread use of different lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production and gives useful information for the planning and the control of power plants using biomass.
A Description of the Transport Critical Current Behavior of Polycrystalline Superconductors Under the Applied Magnetic Field

Since their discovery in 1986 the high-Tc superconductors (HTSC) have been employed in several applications.The expectation with the discover of new devices sparked the beginning of an intense research to understand the parameters which control the physical properties of these materials. With the goal to the practical applications, the critical current density (Jc) is one of the crucial parameters that must be optimized for HTSC [1]. Thus the aim of this chapter is to describe he transport critical current behavior of polycrystalline superconductors under the applied magnetic field.
The effects of non-uniform drive on plasma filaments

Wendelstein 7-X core fueling is primarily achieved through pellet injection. The trajectory of plasmoids from an ablating pellet is an ongoing research question, which is complicated by the complex magnetic geometry of W7-X; curvature drive varies significantly toroidally, including a change in the drift drive direction. Here we use the Hermes model in BOUT++ to simulate cold plasma filaments in slab geometries where the magnetic drift drive is non-uniform along the field line. It is shown that if the field-line-averaged curvature drive is non-zero, a filament will propagate coherently in the direction of average drive. It is also shown that a non-uniform drive will provide a non-uniform propagation; an effect which is reduced at higher temperatures due to an increased sound speed along the field line. Finally, simulations with curvature similar to that found in Wendelstein 7-X are performed which indicate a slow radial propagation of plasma filaments despite a highly non-uniform drive profile.
Charge pumping and current quantization in surface acoustic-wave-driven carbon nanotube devices

We investigate charge pumping in semiconducting carbon nanotubes by a travelling potential wave on the surface of a piezoelectric quartz substrate. We estimate the magnitude and profile of the potential wave as its passes the nanotubes and show how this results in the pumping of charge in packets. By tuning the potential of a side gate, transport of either electron or hole packets can be realized, reversing the direction of the current. We furthermore discuss a specific device in which the current shows a distinct plateau as a function of gate voltage, wave amplitude and frequency. Interestingly, the current plateau appears at a value of ef, where e is the electron charge and f the frequency of the potential wave. We discuss possible mechanisms that would lead to current quantization in our devices.
Robust Future Changes in Temperature Variability under Greenhouse Gas Forcing and the Relationship with Thermal Advection

AbstractRecent temperature extremes have highlighted the importance of assessing projected changes in the variability of temperature as well as the mean. A large fraction of present-day temperature variance is associated with thermal advection, as anomalous winds blow across the land–sea temperature contrast, for instance. Models project robust heterogeneity in the twenty-first-century warming pattern under greenhouse gas forcing, resulting in land–sea temperature contrasts increasing in summer and decreasing in winter and the pole-to-equator temperature gradient weakening in winter. In this study, future changes in monthly variability of near-surface temperature in the 17-member ensemble ESSENCE (Ensemble Simulations of Extreme Weather Events under Nonlinear Climate Change) are assessed. In winter, variability in midlatitudes decreases whereas in very high latitudes and the tropics it increases. In summer, variability increases over most land areas and in the tropics, with decreasing variability in high .
Local versus tropical diabatic heating and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract In this paper, a version of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational model is used to (i) diagnose the diabatic heating associated with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and (ii) assess the role of this heating in the dynamics of the NAO in the model. Over the North Atlantic sector, the NAO-related diabatic heating is dominated above the planetary boundary layer by the latent heat release associated with precipitation, and within the boundary layer by vertical diffusion associated with sensible heat flux from the ocean. An association between La Nina–El Nino–type conditions in the tropical Pacific and the positive/negative NAO is found in model runs using initial conditions and sea surface temperature (SST) lower boundary conditions from the period 1982–2001, but not in a companion set of model runs for the period 1962–81. Model experiments are then described in which the NAO-related diabatic heating diagnosed from the 1982–2001 control run is applied a.
Bax ∆ C Induces Increased Membrane Lipid Order in Isolated Rat Liver Mitochondria

The interaction of the pro-apoptotic Bax∆C with the excimer-forming lipid, 12-(pyrene-1-yl)dodecanoic acid (PDA) labeled isolated rat liver mitochondria, caused a decrease in PDA excimer-tomonomer fluorescence emission ratio (E/M). This suggested that Bax∆C caused mitochondrial membrane lipid reorganization. These changes were dependent on the Bax∆C protein-to-mitochondrial lipid ratio. The changes in the fluorescence emission spectra were not attributed to overall changes in the bulk properties of the mitochondrial suspensions or to fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the heme group of cytochrome c and pyrene. These data suggested that Bax∆C increases mitochondrial membrane “microviscosity“. Fluorescence anisotropy studies with DPH and TMA-DPH labeled mitochondria independently show reduced rotational dynamics, further supporting this presumed increased membrane “microviscosity”. The lifetimes of all probes did not change upon Bax∆C interaction with the mitochondrial membrane, verifying the changes in the dynamics of the probe mobility in the membrane. Another proapoptotic protein tBid, a more potent inducer of cytochrome c release, also caused an increase in DPH anisotropy, yet to a lesser extent as compare with equal concentration of Bax∆C. The observed increase in DPH anisotropy caused by Bax∆C-membrane interaction was inhibited by the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2∆TM. The effects of Bax∆C on the mitochondrial membranes were correlated to cytochrome c release. These findings reflect Bax∆C interaction with the mitochondrial membrane, where the binding of Bax∆C lowers probe mobility and induces major reorganization of mitochondria membrane lipids, possibly a phase transition associated with non-lamellar bilayer structures. Key-Words:apoptosis, tBid, Bcl-2∆TM, cytochrome c, pyrene excimers, fluorescence anisotropy & lifetime, lipid probes, “microviscosity”, lipid pores
The Kuroshio exchange with the South and East China Seas

Abstract. The Kuroshio flows along the edges of the marginal East Asian seas such as the South China Sea (SCS) and East China Sea (ECS). Exchanges of materials and energy between the Kuroshio and the marginal seas partly control the environments of the marginal seas. In particular, saline water from the Kuroshio maintains certain salinity in the shelf water in the ECS. Nutrients from the subsurface of the Kuroshio may influence primary production on the shelf. We summarize how the Kuroshio comes into contact with the shelf water or marginal seas, describing phenomena related to the exchange between the Kuroshio and the ECS along with the SCS, using reports in the literature along with original data. The Kuroshio tends to intrude into the SCS through the Luzon Strait in various manners such as direct intrusion, associated with eddies and as a loop current. The Kuroshio intrusion into the shelf region of the ECS has distinct seasonal variation and the Taiwan Warm Current plays a significant role in the determination of water properties in the outer shelf associated with the Kuroshio intrusion. We then examine physical processes related to the interaction between the Kuroshio and shelf water. Interaction between the Kuroshio and the bottom topography is an important process in the control of the exchange around the shelf break. Vertical mixing and frontal eddies are also important factors that control the water exchange and formation of water masses in the outer shelf. Wind stress plays a significant role in the exchange with a rather event-like manner. To determine the source of the water masses, chemical tracers could be powerful tools and it is suggested that a significant part of the shelf water consists of Kuroshio intermediate water.
Onset of three-dimensionality, equilibria, and early transition in flow over a backward-facing step

A numerical study of three-dimensional equilibria and transition to turbulence in flow over a backward-facing step is performed using direct numerical solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical method is a high-order-accurate mixed spectral/spectral-element method with efficient viscous outflow boundary conditions. The appearance of three-dimensionality in nominally two-dimensional geometries is investigated at representative Reynolds numbers ranging from the onset of three-dimensional bifurcation to later transitional stages. Strongly three-dimensional regions are identified through standard correlation coefficients and new three-dimensionality indices, as well as through instantaneous and time-average streamline patterns and vorticity contours. Our results indicate that onset of three-dimensionality occurs at the boundaries between the primary and secondary recirculating zones with the main channel flow, the latter being the most stable flow component. There is. therefore, strong secondary instability in the shear layers, mainly due to the one emanating from the step corner. The flow further downstream is excited through the action of the upstream shear layers acquiring a wavy form closely resembling Tollmien–Schlichting waves both spatially and temporally with a characteristic frequency f1; upstream, at the shear layer another incommensurate frequency, f2, is present. The two-frequency flow locks-in to a single frequency if external excitations are imposed at the inflow at a frequency close to f1 or f2; the smaller amplitude excitations, however, may cause a strong quasi-periodic response. Such excitations may significantly increase or decrease (by more than 20%) the length of the primary separation zone XR at lock-in or quasi-periodic states. The equilibrium states resulting from the secondary instability at supercritical Reynolds numbers produce a flow modulated in the spanwise direction, with corresponding variations in the reattachment location XR. While three-dimensionality explains partially the discrepancy between numerical predictions and experimental results on XR at higher Reynolds number Re, the main source of discrepancy is attributed to the inflow conditions, and in particular to external disturbances superimposed on the mean flow, the latter being the main reason also for the somewhat earlier transition found in laboratory experiments.
Strontium isotope zoning in garnet: implications for metamorphic matrix equilibration, geochronology and phase equilibrium modelling

In principle, garnet growth rates may be calculated from 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr measurements in garnet subsamples and the surrounding rock matrix. Because of low Rb/Sr, garnet should passively record the matrix decay of 87Rb to 87Sr as a progressive increase in 87Sr/86Sr from core to rim. This concept was tested by collecting Rb‐Sr data for five garnet grains from four major orogenic belts: eastern Vermont (c. 380 Ma), western New Hampshire (c. 320 Ma), southern Chile (c. 75 Ma) and northwestern Italy (c. 35 Ma). Both normal Sr isotope zoning (increasing 87Sr/86Sr from core to rim) and inverse Sr zoning (decreasing 87Sr/86Sr from core to rim) were observed. Garnet and matrix isotope data commonly yielded grossly inaccurate model ages. Incomplete Rb and Sr equilibration among matrix minerals is invoked to explain the deviations between theoretical v. measured zoning patterns and the age disparities. Initially, the reactive matrix is dominated by rapidly equilibrating Rb‐rich mica, which imparts high 87Sr/86Sr values in garnet cores. Progressive participation of slower equilibrating Sr‐rich plagioclase buffers or even reduces 87Sr/86Sr, possibly leading to flat or decreasing 87Sr/86Sr from garnet cores to rims. Unusually high 87Sr/86Sr in garnet in combination with bulk matrix compositions causes erroneously young apparent ages, so metamorphic ages, growth rates, and associated heating and loading rates are likely suspect. Although Rb‐Sr may be the most susceptible because of the profound disparities between mica and feldspar, zircon reactivity might influence the Lu‐Hf system by up to a few per cent. The Sm‐Nd system seems generally immune to these effects. Pseudosection analysis and conventional garnet geochronology, which presume complete matrix equilibration during metamorphism, may require modification to account for differences between whole‐rock v. reactive matrix compositions.
Ethno Medicinal , Phyto Chemical and Therapeutic Importance of Physalis angulata L . : A Review

Physalis angulata L. belonging to nightshade plant family Solanaceae. It shows cosmopolitan habitat and easily available in both Andhra Pradesh and Telangna, India. The plant has shown great ethno medicinal importance and high medicinal values. The present review paper expressed the profile of Physalis angulata L. as well as its ethno medicine, phytochemistry and therapeutic importance. Most of the research, in vitro and in vivo studies of this plant throughout the world has proven its antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticancer, antimalaria, antitumor, antileukemia, antihyperglycemic, antitrypanosomal, antiallergic, antiprotozoan, antioxidant, antinociceptive, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antimolluscan, antituberculosis immunomodulatory and antiviral,
Land Use Legacies and the Future of Southern Appalachia

ABSTRACT Southern Appalachian forests have apparently recovered from extractive land use practices during the 19th and 20th centuries, yet the legacy of this use endures in terrestrial and aquatic systems of the region. The focus on shallow time or the telling of stories about the past circumscribes the ability to anticipate the most likely outcomes of the trajectory of change forecast for the Southeast as the “Old South” continues its transformation into the “New South. ” We review land use research of the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project that addresses the nature and extent of past and present human land use, how land use has affected the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic communities, and the forces guiding the anticipated trajectory of change. Unlike development in the western or northeastern regions of the United States, the southeastern region has few practical, political, or geographical boundaries to the urban sprawl that is now developing.
Effects of Problem Based Learning Strategy and Achievement Motivation on the Student’s Critical Thinking Abilities

This research aims to examine the differences of student’s critical thinking viewed from different motivation for achievement between the two groups. The research used quasi experimental design, with experimental group given PBL treatment and control group given group discussion treatment. The research result data is analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The research results showed that (1) there are differences of student’s critical thinking, as well as (2) there are no interactions between learning strategy and motivation for achievement on the critical thinking ability. Students taught by PBL or have higher motivation for achievement obtain