Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal of benztropine toxicity by physostigmine.

To the Editor. — Duvoisin and Katz ( 206 :1963-1965, 1968) indicated that the anticholinergic drugs, including scopolamine, atropine, and various antiparkinsonian agents, can cause a toxic confusional state, and that physostigmine, a compound which antagonizes anticholinergic effects, is effective in reversing this "central anticholinergic syndrome. " Certain patients experience a worsening of psychotic symptoms on high doses of phenothiazines given in combination with antiparkinsonian agents or tricyclic antidepressants. All of these medications theoretically possess anticholinergic properties, so that additive anticholinergic activity might be expected to occur, producing what is essentially an atropine psychosis. This report describes three female schizophrenic patients who had episodes of clinical worsening after receiving a combination of psychotropic and antiparkinsonian agents, and whose symptoms reversed with physostigmine administration. The first patient received daily doses of benztropine mesylate, 12 mg; perphenazine, 72 mg; and imipramine, 150 mg; the second patient received benztropine mesylate, 6.0 mg; and thioridazine, 150 mg,
A comparison of lupus anticoagulant-positive patients with clinical picture of antiphospholipid syndrome and those without.

Among antiphospholipid antibodies, Lupus Anticoagulant (LAC) is recognized as the strongest risk factor for thromboembolic events or pregnancy morbidity.1 The presence of LAC in a subject with previously documented thromboembolism or a significant history of pregnancy loss defines the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). Some patients, however, are diagnosed with LAC without ever having experienced previous vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity. The antiphospholipid antibody profiles of LAC positive patients with or without associated clinical features of APS have been evaluated by us in a multicenter study. Centers affiliated with Italian Federation of Thrombosis Centers (FCSA) were invited to identify consecutive LAC positive patients diagnosed over a 1-year period. Three hundred twenty-one recruited patients were contacted and after giving informed consent they underwent testing for LAC after at least 12 weeks from the first one using routine laboratory procedures. LAC was not confirmed by Thrombosis Centers in 19 patients (6 were …
Limitations of the Current Microbial Identification System for Identification of Clinical Yeast Isolates

ABSTRACT The ability of the rapid, computerized Microbial Identification System (MIS; Microbial ID, Inc.) to identify a variety of clinical isolates of yeast species was compared to the abilities of a combination of tests including the Yeast Biochemical Card (bioMerieux Vitek), determination of microscopic morphology on cornmeal agar with Tween 80, and when necessary, conventional biochemical tests and/or the API 20C Aux system (bioMerieux Vitek) to identify the same yeast isolates. The MIS chromatographically analyzes cellular fatty acids and compares the results with the fatty acid profiles in its database. Yeast isolates were subcultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and were incubated at 28°C for 24 h. The resulting colonies were saponified, methylated, extracted, and chromatographically analyzed (by version 3.8 of the MIS YSTCLN database) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Of 477 isolates of 23 species tested, 448 (94%) were given species names by the MIS and 29 (6%) were unidentified (specified as “no match” by the MIS). Of the 448 isolates given names by the MIS, only 335 (75%) of the identifications were correct to the species level. While the MIS correctly identified only 102 (82%) of 124 isolates of Candida glabrata, the predictive value of an MIS identification of unknown isolates asC. glabrata was 100% (102 of 102) because no isolates of other species were misidentified as C. glabrata. In contrast, while the MIS correctly identified 100% (15 of 15) of the isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the predictive value of an MIS identification of unknown isolates as S. cerevisiae was only 47% (15 of 32), because 17 isolates ofC. glabrata were misidentified as S. cerevisiae. The low predictive values for accuracy associated with MIS identifications for most of the remaining yeast species indicate that the procedure and/or database for the system need to be improved.
New Pyrazolylhydrazone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Platelet Aggregation

Abstract— A series of 5‐pyrazolylhydrazone derivatives was designed to be mixed hybrid isosteres of both BW755C and CBS‐1108, which belong to the class of dual cyclo‐oxygenase and 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitors. Some derivatives of this series inhibit the in‐vitro platelet aggregation of citrated platelet‐rich rabbit plasma induced by ADP (5 μm), collagen (5 μg mL−1) and arachidonic acid (100 μm). The structure‐activity relationships of this class of compounds were determined from these results. When ADP is used as the aggregation inducer, the presence of free oxygenated substituents at the p‐position in the phenyl subunit of the hydrazone moiety favours inhibitory activity; p‐methoxyformylbenzene‐5‐(1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐nitropyrazolyl)hydrazone (100 μm), which has a methoxy group at this position was the most active with 62·8% inhibition of aggregation. In contrast, substitution in the aryl ring does not affect the aggregation induced by collagen, whereas the non‐substituted compound, formylbenzene‐5‐(1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐nitropyrazolyl)hydrazone, showed similar activity to those of substituted derivatives. In the arachidonic acid assays, the presence of an aryl ring linked to the hydrazone moiety, with an adequate electronic density at the ring due to the nature of its substitutents, is an important structural requirement for inhibitory activity.
Generalized fractional integrals of product of two H-functions and a general class of polynomials

The purpose of this paper is to compute two unified fractional integrals involving the product of two H-functions, a general class of polynomials and Appell function . These integrals are further applied in proving two theorems on Saigo–Maeda fractional integral operators. Some consequent results and special cases are also pointed out in the concluding section.
Cigarette smoking alters bronchial mucosal immunity in asthma.

RATIONALE Cigarette smoking worsens asthma and is associated with reduced response to corticosteroid therapy. As cigarette smoke is known to have immunomodulatory effects, we hypothesized that one mechanism by which smoking mediates its adverse effect is by reduction of the numbers of bronchial mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), which control B-cell growth and T-cell responses. OBJECTIVES We set out to sample the bronchial mucosa in smoking and never-smoking patients with asthma and to count DCs, B cells, and cells expressing genes for two key T-lymphocyte regulatory cytokines. METHODS Twenty-one never-smoker patients with asthma (6 steroid naive), 24 smoker patients with asthma (9 steroid naive), and 10 healthy never-smokers (control subjects) were recruited and their endobronchial biopsy samples were immunostained for detection of mature DCs (CD83(+)), Langerhans cells (CD1a(+)), B lymphocytes (CD20(+)), and helper T-cell type 1 (IFN-gamma) and helper T-cell type 2 (IL-4) cytokine-expressing cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The number (per square millimeter) of CD83(+) mature DCs was significantly lower in smoker patients with asthma (median [range]: 37 [0, 131]) in comparison with never-smoker steroid-naive and steroid-treated patients with asthma (76 [24, 464]; p = 0.006) or control subjects (85 [40, 294]; p = 0.004). Moreover, B cells were fewer in smoker (26 [4, 234]) versus never-smoker steroid-naive and steroid-treated patients with asthma (45 [10, 447]; p = 0.01) and in smoker steroid-naive patients with asthma (23 [4, 111]) versus control subjects (34 [10, 130]; p = 0.05). The number of cells expressing IFN-gamma showed a trend toward fewer in smoker (70 [6, 24]) versus never-smoker steroid-naive patients with asthma (144 [44, 323]; p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS There are important and statistically significant differences in the number of CD83(+) mature DCs and B cells in the large airways of smokers with asthma. We speculate that their reductions may render patients with asthma less responsive to corticosteroids and more susceptible to infection.
Long-run performance of SEOs regulated by profitability thresholds: evidence from Chinese public offerings

Abstract The Chinese government strictly regulated seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) by setting profitability thresholds and other administrative requirements. We examine the long-run performance of Chinese listed firms making public offerings from 1998 to 2010. Inconsistent with commonly observed patterns of underperformance in mature markets, we do not find any material evidence of post-SEO underperformance compared with matching benchmarks. In addition, we show that the post-SEO abnormal return has a strong positive association with the prior roe of SEO firms, implying that roe-thresholds based on return on equity can be sound tools to identify SEO firms of high quality.
Prevalence of wounds in a community care setting in Ireland.

OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence of wounds and their management in a community care setting. METHOD A multi-site, census point prevalence wound survey was conducted in the following areas: intellectual disability, psychiatry, GP practices, prisons, long-term care private nursing homes, long-term care, public nursing homes and the community/public health (district) nursing services on one randomly selected day. Acute services were excluded. Formal ethical approval was obtained. Data were collected using a pre-piloted questionnaire. Education was provided to nurses recording the tool (n=148). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS A 97.2% response rate yielded a crude prevalence rate of 15.6% for wounds across nursing disciplines (290/1,854 total census) and 0.2% for the community area (290/133,562 population statistics for the study area). Crude point prevalence ranged from 2.7% in the prison services (7/262 total prison population surveyed) to 33.5% in the intellectual disability services (72/215 total intellectual disability population surveyed). The most frequent wounds recorded were pressure ulcers (crude point prevalence 4%, 76/1,854 total census; excluding category l crude point prevalence was 2.6%, 49/1,854 total census), leg ulcers (crude point prevalence 2.9%, 55/1,854 total census), self-inflicted superficial abrasions (crude point prevalence 2.2%, 41/1,854 total census) and surgical wounds (crude point prevalence 1.7%, 32/1,854 total census). CONCLUSION These results support previous international research in that they identify a high prevalence of wounds in the community. The true community prevalence of wounds is arguably much higher, as this study identified only wounds known to the nursing services and excluded acute settings and was conducted on one day.
Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and its Metabolites in Rat Serum by HPLC Method and its Application Supplement-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction

In this report, we describe a reliable HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and its metabolites in rat serum. In addition, we investigate the impact of coadminstration of glucosamine, a dietary supplement used in osteoarthritis, on paracetamol and its metabolites. Accordingly, HPLC method with detection at 245nm was developed. Paracetamol and its metabolites were quantitated within a 10 minutes run time. The method was linear over the range of 0.5-100 μg/ml for paracetamol (P), paracetamol glucuronide (PG) and paracetamol sulphate (PS) as well as 0.05–10 μg/mL for paracetamol mercapturate (PM) and paracetamol cysteine (PC) in rat serum. The intra-day CV% for P, PG, PS, PM and PC in serum were less than 3.577, 3.303, 3.184, 3.276 and 3.142 % , respectively. While the inter-day values were less than 2.953, 3.096, 2.755, 3.521, 3.100 %, respectively. Co-administration of glucosamine impact were evaluated. Accordingly, paracetamol maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUClast) 34.65 μg/ml and 64. 08μg*h/ml at 60 mg/kg dose of paracetamol were reduced but not significantly with co-administration of glucosamine 31.15 μg/ml and 50. 43μg*h/ml. However, PG Cmax was significantly elevated 40.96 & 70.54 μg/ml without and with glucosamine, respectively. On the other hand, Cmax and AUC last of toxic metabolites PM and PC were reduced, this reduction was significant for PC. These results indicate that both drugs could be used together without dose adjustment and this combination may provide a potential measure to mitigate paracetamol hepatotoxicty since it recently acquires universal attention.
Cryopreservation of buffalo semen

Twenty-one split semen samples from five bulls were diluted in five diluents. The diluents comprised lactose-egg yolk-glycerol, fructose-egg yolk-glycerol and three different combinations of lactose and fructose with equal proportions of egg yolk and glycerol. The straw-method of deep freezing was used. Frozen semen was evaluated on the basis of post thawing motility percentage, survival of spermatozoa at 37 degrees C and absolute index of survival. Statistical analysis of data revealed highly significant differences between diluents for the three characteristics tested. The diluent comprising 11 per cent lactose 56.25 ml + 6 per cent fructose 18.75 ml + egg yolk 20 ml + glycerol 5 ml achieved the best results.
Accounts of the new aspects of nitromethane initiation reactivity

A well-known effect of amines, and also of water, on detonation characteristics of nitromethane (Nm) is discussed from the point of view of the published knowledge about the study of initiation reactivity of this nitro paraffin. It is documented that bimolecular and higher interactions during the initiation of Nm are impossible. The most widespread concepts of the primary steps of this initiation, i.e. formation of aci-Nm anion [CH2=NO2] by intermolecular hydrogen transfer in the neat Nm submitted to shock and formation of this anion by action of an amine, have been scrutinized by the dFT B3lYP/cc-pVTZ+ method and evaluated as thermodynamically disadvantageous. Also the 1,3-intramolecular hydrogen shift in the Nm molecule was characterized as a higher-barrier process. Two favorable primary mechanisms of fission in the NM initiation and development 120 S. Zeman, T. Atalar, Z. Friedl, Xue-Hai Ju of its detonation were investigated by dFT B3lYP/cc-pVTZ+ calculations: homolysis of C–NO2 bond in the neat Nm and homolysis of N–OH bond in its aci-form. The second mentioned pathway was found to be thermodynamically the most preferable mechanism of fission. Consequently, a detonation wave of Nm with admixture of amine or water has a considerably reduced reaction zone length in comparison with the detonation of neat Nm. The B3lYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations of transition states revealed that an admixture of methylamine and/or water influences the conversion of nitromethane to its aci-form, and this effect is more feasible in the case of methylamine rather than water.
In Vivo Growth Factor Treatment of Degenerated Intervertebral Discs

Study Design. An in vivo model was used to investigate the response of degenerated discs to various exogenous growth factors. Objectives. To study growth factor-induced alterations of the spatial and temporal patterns of disc cellularity and matrix gene expression. Summary of Background Data. Cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis have been stimulated by growth factors in normal disc cells, suggesting that growth factors may play a therapeutic role for degeneration. However, the response in situ in degenerated discs has not been characterized. Methods. Degeneration was induced in murine caudal discs by static compression. Degenerated discs were given single or multiple injections of growth and differentiation factor-5, transforming growth factor-&bgr;, insulin-like growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, or saline as control. Comparisons of disc morphology, anular cell density, proliferating cells, disc height, and aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression were made either 1 week or 4 weeks after treatment. Results. In some growth and differentiation factor-5 and transforming growth factor-&bgr; treated discs, expansion of inner anular fibrochondrocyte populations into the nucleus was observed. The cells actively expressed aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA. A lesser effect was observed for insulin-like growth factor-1 and little or no effect for basic fibroblast growth factor. Differences in cell density and proliferating cells were not significant between treatments but suggested a trend of increased cellularity and proliferation following growth factor treatment. A statistically significant increase in disc height 4 weeks after growth and differentiation factor-5 treatment was measured. Conclusions. Anular fibrochondrocytes in degenerated discs are responsive to some growth factors in vivo. The results have implications in the early intervention of disc degeneration to arrest or slow the degenerative process.
On Blame and Reciprocity : An Experimental Study ∗

The theory of reciprocity is predicated on the assumption that people are willing to reward kind acts and to punish unkind ones. This assumption raises the question as to how to define “kindness. ” In this paper we offer a novel definition of kindness based on a notion of blame. This notion states that in judging whether player i is kind or unkind to player j, player j has to put himself in the position of player i and ask if he would act in a manner that is worse than idoes. If player j would act in a worse manner than player i acted, then we say that player j does not blame player i. If, however, player j would be nicer than player i was, then we say that player j blames player i. We consider this notion a natural, intuitive and empirically functional way to explain the motives of people engaged in reciprocal behavior. After developing the conceptual framework, we test this concept by using data from two laboratory experiments and find significant support for the theory. JEL Classification Numbers: A13, C72, D63.
Nigeria Stock Market Volatility in Comparison with some Countries: Application of Asymmetric GARCH Models

This study estimated Asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscadasticity models with endogenous break dummy on two innovation assumptions using daily all share index of Nigeria, Kenya, United States, Germany, South Africa and China spanning from February 14, 2000 to February 14, 2013. The best fitted models are compared in terms of conditional volatility reaction to market shocks and volatility persistence alongside the asymmetric properties. The results reveal that volatility of Nigeria and Kenya stock returns react to market shock faster than as other countries do. The results also suggest the absence of leverage effect in Nigeria and Kenya stock returns, but confirm its existence in others. In conclusion, the paper suggested that less developed stock markets should improve on market infrastructure, quality of instrument traded on the floor and regulatory practices as such efforts could moderate its fast response to market fluctuations.
Effects of scapulohumeral rehabilitation protocol on trunk control recovery in patients with subacute stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Despite upper limb rehabilitation is widely investigated in patients with stroke, the effects of scapulohumeral rehabilitation on trunk stabillization are mainly unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the effects of scapulohumeral rehabilitation protocol on trunk control recovery in patients with subacute stroke. METHODS A pilot randomized controlled trial with two groups of 14 patients each one performing 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks in add on to standard therapy. Experimental group performed a specific scapulohumeral rehabilitation protocol aiming to improve trunk competencies whereas control group performed conventional arm rehabilitation. Clinical scale tests and accelerometric evaluations were performed pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS Experimental groups showed better scores at discharge at Trunk impairment Scale (p < 0.001), Barthel Index (p = 0.024), Trunk Control Test (p = 0.002), Sitting Balance Scale (p = 0.002), but neither at Fugl-Meyer Scale (p = 0.194) nor Modified Ashworth Scale (p = 0.114). Accelerometric analysis showed higher stability of trunk for experimental group especially during static and dynamic items. CONCLUSIONS The recovery of scapulohumeral functions also acts on trunk stabilization post-stroke.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in digestive neuroendocrine tumours

Angiogenesis is a complex multistep process essential for tumour growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen and vascular permeability‐inducing agent. Recent studies have shown that VEGF expression is correlated to microvessel density and tumour progression. The aim of this study was to analyse VEGF expression in a series of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours.
Predicted Birthweight for Singletons and Twins

Abstract This population-based study determined the impact of co-twin gender on twin intrauterine growth in addition to their infant gender, maternal height, maternal age and parity on intrauterine growth rate of singletons and twins. All singletons and twins born in Western Australia during the period of 1980 to 1995 were considered for the study. The multiple linear regression models showed that 76% of the variance in the mean birthweight was explained by the selected variables for twins and 51% for singletons. Twins grew more slowly than singletons from 26 weeks gestation. Among twins, opposite-sex twin pairs grew consistently faster than like-sex twins. Primiparous twin pairs grew more slowly than subsequently born twins. These regression equations can be used to assess the appropriateness of intrauterine growth in twin pairs of various gender combinations.
Are Real Teams Healthy Teams?

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study examines the impact of real‐team—as opposed to a team in name only— characteristics (i.e., team boundaries, stability of membership, and task interdependence) on team processes (i.e., team learning and emotional support) and team effectiveness in the long‐term care sector. We employed a longitudinal survey in which the real‐team characteristics and team processes were rated by team members, and team effectiveness was rated one year later by team members and managers. Our results show that team learning and emotional support are predictors of team effectiveness as rated by team members and managers. They also show that there is no such thing as a real team in the long‐term care sector because each real‐team characteristic has a different impact on team processes and effectiveness. Whereas one set of real‐team characteristics (i.e., stability of membership) is beneficial for healthy team processes and team effectiveness, another set (i.e., team boundaries) has only an indirect effect on team effectiveness via team processes or is even detrimental (i.e., task interdependence). We conclude that more intensive teamwork in the long‐term care sector will lead to better outcomes if this teamwork involves increased stability of membership and clarified team boundaries but not if it involves added task interdependency among team members.