Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maltose and maltotriose transport into ale and lager brewer's yeast strains

Maltose and maltotriose are the two most abundant sugars in brewer’s wort, and thus brewer’s yeast’s ability to utilize them efficiently is of major importance in the brewing process. The increasing tendency to utilize high and very-highgravity worts containing increased concentrations of maltose and maltotriose renders the need for efficient transport of these sugars even more pronounced. Residual maltose and maltotriose are quite often present especially after high and very-high-gravity fermentations. Sugar uptake capacity has been shown to be the rate-limiting factor for maltose and maltotriose utilization. The aim of the present study was to find novel ways to improve maltose and maltotriose utilization during the main fermentation. Maltose and maltotriose uptake characteristics of several ale and lager strains were studied. Genotype determination of the genes needed for maltose and maltotriose utilization was performed. Gene expression and maltose uptake inhibition studies were carried out to reveal the dominant transporter types actually functioning in each of the strains. Temperature-dependence of maltose transport was studied for ale and for lager strains as well as for each of the single sugar transporter proteins Agt1p, Malx1p and Mtt1p. The AGT1 promoter regions of one ale and two lager strains were sequenced by chromosome walking and the promoter elements were searched for using computational methods. The results showed that ale and lager strains predominantly use different maltose and maltotriose transporter types for maltose and maltotriose uptake. Agt1 transporter was found to be the dominant maltose/maltotriose transporter in the ale strains whereas Malx1 and Mtt1-type transporters dominated in the lager strains. All lager strains studied were found to possess an AGT1 gene encoding a truncated polypeptide unable to function as maltose transporter. The ale strains
A Comparative Study of Velocity Obstacle Approaches for Multi-Agent Systems

This paper presents a critical analysis of some of the most promising approaches aimed at geometrically generating reactive avoidance trajectories for multi-agent systems. Several evaluation scenarios are proposed that include both sensor uncertainty and increasing difficulty. An intensive 1000 cycle Monte Carlo analysis is used to assess the performance of the selected algorithms under the presented conditions. The Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance (ORCA) method was shown to demonstrate the most scalable computation times and collision likelihood in the presented scenarios. The respective features and limitations of the algorithms are discussed and presented through examples.
Digital Average Voltage/Digital Average Current Predictive Control for Switching DC–DC Converters

In this paper, the digital average voltage/digital average current (DAV/DAC) predictive control for switching dc–dc converter is proposed. The advantages of the proposed predictive control technique include no subharmonic oscillation in the full range of duty cycle, wide stability range, fast load transient response, and realization of overcurrent protection. Taking buck converter in continuous conduction mode as an example, the algorithm of DAV/DAC predictive control is analyzed in detail. The sampled-data modeling is performed to explore the stability of DAV/DAC predictive control, by which the stability boundary is obtained. The z-domain small-signal model of DAV/DAC predictive control is also derived to analyze the load transient performance. The analysis results prove that DAV/DAC predictive control is the combined control of the existed DAV predictive control and DAC predictive control in the previous publications. The stability boundary and transient performances of DAV/DAC controlled buck converter are influenced by the weighted factors of inductor current and output voltage, and a simple design oriented reference about the weighted factors is given in this paper. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by simulations and experiments.
Why Did the q Theory of Investment Start Working?

Abstract We show that the relation between aggregate investment and Tobin’s q has become remarkably tight in recent years, contrasting with earlier times. We connect this change with the growing empirical dispersion in Tobin’s q, which we show both in the cross-section and the time series. To study the source of this dispersion, we augment a standard investment model with two distinct mechanisms related to firms’ research activities: innovations and learning. Both innovation jumps in cash flows and the frequent updating of beliefs about future cash flows endogenously amplify volatility in the firm’s value function. Perhaps counterintuitively, the investment-q regression works better for research-intensive industries, a growing segment of the economy, despite their greater stock of intangible assets. We confirm the model’s predictions in the data, and we disentangle the results from measurement error in q.
Calcium and Phosphorus Retention and Bone Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed b-Carotene Bio-Fortified Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) Grits Based Diets

Effect of replacing yellow maize with grits from b-carotene bio-fortified whole cassava roots on calcium and phosphorus retention and bone characteristics of broiler chickens was studied in a 42-day experiment. In a completely randomized design, 120 one-day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were allotted to four dietary treatments each replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate. Diet 1(control) was the yellow maize based diet in which maize was replaced with cassava grits prepared from -carotene biofortified whole cassava roots (TMS 01/1371) at 25 (diet 2), 50 (diet 3) and 75% (diet 4). On day 21 and 42 respectively, two birds were randomly chosen from each replicate for Ca and P retention study. Blood samples were also collected for serum biochemical analysis while the left and right tibiae were harvested at day 42 for bone morphometric parameters and mineral composition determination. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in calcium retention levels, serum biochemical indices, bone physical characteristics and mineral content across treatments. However, serum alkaline phosphatase (U/L) of finisher birds fed diet 3 (61.83) was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with 65.17, 66.50 and 74.00 obtained from birds on diets 1, 2 and 4, respectively. Correlation of dietary phosphorus with feed intake and phosphorus retention were positive and highly significant (r = 0.962, P<0.01). Regression of dietary phosphorus and phosphorus retention in finisher chickens fed test diets was linear, positive and highly 2 significant (P<0.01), with the equation: y = 210.26x – 18.82; (R = 0.95). In conclusion, calcium and phosphorus retention by broiler chickens were not altered by dietary maize replacement with -carotene bio-fortified cassava grit in this experiment.
Large‐scale, seasonal habitat use and movements of yellow American eels in the St. Lawrence River revealed by acoustic telemetry

Large-scale habitat use and movements of yellow American eels (Anguilla rostrata) from the St. Lawrence River were examined using acoustic telemetry from early summer to late fall in 2010 and 2011. Sixty- seven eels were tagged, and their passage or presence was recorded using fixed acoustic arrays covering a 400 km distance along the St. Lawrence River and Estuary. Sixty-four per cent of the 67 tagged eels were detected. Most eels were detected at only one array; the closest to their release location and at several occasions during the tracking period, suggesting a high proportion of freshwater residency in the upstream part of the St. Lawrence River. Downstream movements towards the brackish estuary (63-418 km distance) were demonstrated for 16.4% of the eels, particularly for those caught at the most downstream site that is close to the brackish estuary. Our results strongly suggest a lower activity of freshwater resident yellow eels during summer, a behaviour that may be related to day length, which defines time available for their nocturnal foraging. Indeed, yellow eels were detected primarily at night; no effect of moon phase was revealed. Movements in the vicinity of arrays (up to 116 km in the fluvial estuary) were suggested and smaller-scale movements within Lac St. Louis were demonstrated, highlighting a yellow-eel home range far more extensive than previously reported in smaller systems. Evidence for within-season homing and site fidelity is also reported.
Implementation in practice: The use of force to protect civilians in United Nations peacekeeping

Since the failures of the United Nations of the early 1990s, the protection of civilians has evolved as a new norm for United Nations peacekeeping operations. However, a 2014 United Nations report found that while peacekeeping mandates often include the use of force to protect civilians, this has routinely been avoided by member states. What can account for this gap between the apparently solid normative foundations of the protection of civilians and the wide variation in implementation? This article approaches the question by highlighting normative ambiguity as a fundamental feature of international norms. Thereby, we consider implementation as a political, dynamic process where the diverging understandings that member states hold with regard to the protection of civilians norm manifest and emerge. We visualize this process in combining a critical-constructivist approach to norms with practice theories. Focusing on the practices of member states’ military advisers at the United Nations headquarters in New York, and their positions on how the protection of civilians should be implemented on the ground, we draw attention to their agency in norm implementation at an international site. Military advisers provide links between national ministries and contingents in the field, while also competing for being recognized as competent performers of appropriate implementation practices. Drawing on an interpretivist analysis of data generated through an online survey, a half-day workshop and interviews with selected delegations, the article adds to the understanding of norms in international relations while also providing empirical insights into peacekeeping effectiveness.
Low-Velocity Zone Structure Beneath the Kaapvaal Craton From S-wave Receiver Functions

Dye mixtures containing from 50 to 95% by weight, of a 4-chloro-2-nitrophenylazohydroxypyridone dye and from 5 to 50% by weight of a chlorinated quinophthalone dye and/or from 5 to 20% by weight of an unsubstituted quinophthalone dye, dye formulations containing the novel dye mixtures and the use of dye mixtures for dyeing polyesters or printing them by the direct printing method.
Observations of remnant planetary systems at white dwarfs

The detection of remnant planetary systems at white dwarfs allows the end stages of planetary evolution to be explored observationally. This thesis presents observations of white dwarfs and describes the contributions they make to planetary science. Firstly, white dwarf science probes the end states of the majority of known planetary systems, including the Solar system. In Chapter 3 I present the discovery of strongly variable emission lines from gas in a debris disc around the white dwarf SDSS J1617+1620. Time-series spectroscopy obtained during the period 2006–2014 has shown the appearance and then complete disappearance of strong double-peaked Ca ii emission lines. These observations represent unambiguous evidence for short-term variability in the debris environment of evolved planetary systems. Possible explanations for this extraordinary variability include the impact onto the debris disc of a single small rocky planetesimal, or interactions between material in a highly eccentric debris tail. I also use observations of white dwarfs to contribute to exoplanet science more generally. Metal pollution from planetary debris is visible in spectra of white dwarfs, providing the only technique to directly measure the bulk chemical composition of rocky extrasolar material. Chapter 4 presents a detailed study of the metal-polluted white dwarf SDSS J0845+2257, using high-resolution HST/COS and VLT spectroscopy to detect hydrogen and eleven metals originating in an orbiting debris disc. The chemistry of the debris is broadly similar to the Earth, but enhanced abundances of core material (Fe, Ni) suggest that the planetesimal from which the debris formed may have lost a portion of its mantle. Conversely, in Chapter 5 I focus on the detection of just carbon and oxygen, but at 16 different white dwarfs to search for hypothetical “carbon planets”. I find no evidence for carbon-rich planetesimals, with C/O< 0:8 by number in all 16 systems. I place an upper limit on the occurrence of carbon-rich systems at < 17 percent. The range of C/O of the planetesimals is consistent with that found in the Solar System. White dwarfs can also be fascinating objects in their own right. In Chapter 6 I present HST observations of the mysterious white dwarf GD 394, a hot, extremely metal polluted white dwarf. Extreme ultraviolet observations in the mid 90s revealed a 1.15 day periodicity with a 25 per cent amplitude, hypothesised to be due to a surface accretion spot. I obtained phase-resolved HST/STIS high-resolution FUV spectra of GD 394 that sample the entire period, along with a large body of supplementary data. I use these data to test the hypothesis of an accretion spot, search for variability in accretion rates over decades-long timescales, and probe the immediate circumstellar environment of GD 394.
Does the birth order affect the cognitive development of a child?

This article investigates the link between position in the birth order and early scholastic ability. Using matched mother–child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 cohort, NLSY79), I find that being the first-born is beneficial even after controlling for (nonlinear) effects of family size and child characteristics. The verbal ability of first-borns is about one-tenth of a SD higher than for children in the middle of the birth order. There is no evidence that last-borns fare better than intermediate children. The first-born advantage is confirmed by estimates from within-family variation models and I argue that the findings are consistent with the resource dilution hypothesis.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM PROFILE OF UROPATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DHAKA CITY

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is increasingly rising in Bangladesh due to the development of resistance of causative pathogens against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Present study attempted to examine the prevalence of such uropathogens and their antibiogram profiles. Among 462 urine samples collected from patients with UTI, 100 were found to be culture positive. Escherichia coli (70%) was predominating, while Klebsiella spp. (11%) and Enterococcus spp. (6%) were also prevalent. About 96% uropathogens were sensitive against imipenem, and 75% against amikacin. The resistance rate of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. against ampicillin was 98.5 and 100%, respectively, and to cefotaxime, 84.3 and 72.8%, respectively. More than 80% resistance against these antibiotics was scored for other isolates. The frequency of drug resistance was found to be comparatively elevated in E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. Overall, the present investigation emphasized the need for routine screening of antibiotic resistance to promote effective medication against UTI.
Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale. A New Multidimensional Instrument

The paper presents a new multidimensional scale for measuring Leadership Self-Efficacy (LSE). Six-hundred and ninety-five individuals participated in the study: 372 university students and 323 nonstudent adults. The research was conducted via a self-administered questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The final LSE scale is made up of 21 items referring to six correlated dimensions (Starting and leading change processes in groups, Choosing effective followers and delegating responsibilities, Building and managing interpersonal relationships within the group, Showing self-awareness and self-confidence, Motivating people, Gaining consensus of group members), all loading on a second-order General Leadership Self-Efficacy factor. The LSE scale showed sufficient psychometric properties and stability of the factorial structure in both groups. In order to obtain evidence about convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, correlations with General SelfEfficacy, Machiavellianism, Motivation to Lead, past and present leadership experiences were considered. Moreover, gender differences in LSE scores were assessed. Results are presented and discussed.
Explicating Factors That Foster Civic Engagement among Students

Abstract This paper investigates many facets of civic engagement by analyzing how college undergraduate students conceptualize civic engagement and by examining factors that predict greater student involvement in political, social, and community affairs.We administered a survey to college students at the beginning of fall, winter, and spring terms, 2001-02.We analyzed survey responses using a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The analysis examines how expectations of community and political efficacy, attitudes regarding citizen control of government, and attitudes toward diversity relate to the students’ civic engagement behaviors such as monthly volunteer hours, organizational participation, advocacy, voting, direct political action, and action to promote diversity and social justice in the community. The result of the SEM analysis indicates that expectations of efficacy significantly predict students’ direct political action, monthly volunteer hours, organizational participation, advocacy, and voting attitude. Students’ sense of control over public affairs significantly predicts organizational participation, advocacy, and voting attitude. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to curriculum design to foster civic engagement.
Bidder cash reserve effect under the precautionary motive: Evidence from UK

Cash-rich bidders in UK have better announcement abnormal returns than cash-poor ones during 1984–2007, contrasting findings in the US. The positive cash reserve effect is from bidders of high long-run growth and those with nontrivial institutional holdings. Cashricher bidders also have better post-acquisition operating performance when their long-term growth is high and institutional holdings nontrivial. We argue that the precautionary motive drives UK bidders’ announcement cash reserve effects. Specifically, cash reserves facilitate bidder post-acquisition growth and cushion adverse cash-flow shocks. Our results meanwhile suggest strong shareholder power is necessary to ensure cash reserved for shareholders’ interests.
Imaginary People Representing Real Numbers

We develop a methodology to automate creating imaginary people, referred to as personas, by processing complex behavioral and demographic data of social media audiences. From a popular social media account containing more than 30 million interactions by viewers from 198 countries engaging with more than 4,200 online videos produced by a global media corporation, we demonstrate that our methodology has several novel accomplishments, including: (a) identifying distinct user behavioral segments based on the user content consumption patterns; (b) identifying impactful demographics groupings; and (c) creating rich persona descriptions by automatically adding pertinent attributes, such as names, photos, and personal characteristics. We validate our approach by implementing the methodology into an actual working system; we then evaluate it via quantitative methods by examining the accuracy of predicting content preference of personas, the stability of the personas over time, and the generalizability of the method via applying to two other datasets. Research findings show the approach can develop rich personas representing the behavior and demographics of real audiences using privacy-preserving aggregated online social media data from major online platforms. Results have implications for media companies and other organizations distributing content via online platforms.
Patterns of Labour Market Integration in Europe - A Life Course Perspective on Time Policies

This article examines the patterns of labour market integration over the life course of men and women in seven European countries. We select a range of household categories coinciding with different phases in the life course and use the European Community Household Panel survey to identify four broad national models, which are associated with different state regimes with regards to 'time policy'. These are the Nordic 'universal breadwinner' model (Sweden) of high participation involving long part-time or full-time hours and high employment continuity for both sexes over the life course; the 'modified breadwinner' model (France) where family formation and motherhood are still associated with withdrawal from the labour market for some groups of women and where mothers who are employed work predominantly full-time; the Mediterranean 'exit or full-time' model (Italy and Spain) where fewer women are employed, but when employed generally work full-time; finally different models of 'Maternal part-time work' (Dutch, German and UK) where motherhood is associated with a reduction in the employment rate that is less than that found in the Mediterranean countries and in France, but where part-time hours are the norm for mothers, even when children are older. We conclude that the Nordic model features the least pronounced gender inequality in time allocation to employment over the life course combined with a greater level of 'active ageing' of older workers. This profile is supported by a coherent and integrated set of policies for time and income management over the life course in contrast to the more piecemeal measures that exist in other national models. Hence, the Nordic model offers important insights for EU employment policy.
To Index or Not to Index : Optimizing Maximum Inner Product Search

Making top-K predictions for state-of-the-art Matrix Factorization models requires solving the Maximum Inner Product Search problem. Solving MIPS can be computationally expensive, thus spurring the recent development of several indexing techniques for this task. These techniques generally exploit similarity between user or item weights in the models to accelerate predictions. In this paper, we show that the current state of the art does not always outperform bruteforce matrix multiplication: these models may have significantly less similarity than can be exploited by these techniques. To address this problem, we propose RECOPT, a system that uses an efficient, sampling-based estimation technique to automatically choose between indexing or brute force. In addition, we propose a new baseline indexing scheme, RECDEX, that can leverage blocked linear algebra to improve indexing-based serving performance. Together, RECOPT and RECDEX outperform state-of-the-art indexes by 3.2× on average, and up to 10.9×, on widely studied models for recommendations and MIPS. PVLDB Reference Format: F. Abuzaid, G. Sethi, P. Bailis, M. Zaharia. To Index or Not to Index: Optimizing Maximum Inner Product Search. PVLDB, 12(3): xxxx-yyyy, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/TBD