Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of sodium chloride on sheep. 1. Diet composition, body mass changes and wool production of young Merino wethers grazing native pasture

Supplementary salt (NaCl) and crude protein (CP) were provided to young Merino wethers grazing native pasture. Twenty-eight wethers were divided into 7 groups and given the following supplements daily via rumen cannulae: 0, 5 (Control), 15 and 30 g NaCl; and 5, 15 and 30 g NaCl + 20 g CP each. During the experimental period (1 year) the wethers gained respectively 44,4%, 67,1%, 52,6%, 40,7%, 70,1%, 57,2% and 47,6% in body mass. The effect of NaCl on the growth rate of the wethers became evident within 4 weeks. Rate of clean wool production (g day -1 ) by the wethers during the first 9 months was 9,02, 10,85, 9,32, 7,65, 10,53, 9,42 and 9,06, respectively. It was evident that young sheep grazing native grass pasture in the central Orange Free State do have a nutritional requirement for NaCl, but excessive ingestion from licks could depress growth rate and wool production. Furthermore, supplementary CP, in combination with high levels of NaCl, alleviated the adverse effect of NaCl to some extent. Aanvullende sout (NaCl) en ruproteien (RP) is op veldweiding aan jong Merinohamels verskaf. Sewe groepe van 4 hamels elk, het die volgende aanvullings daagliks via rumenkannules ontvang: 0, 5(Kontrole), 15 en 30 g NaCl; en 5, 15 en 30 g NaCl + 20 g RP elk. Tydens die proefperiode (1 jaar) het die hamels onderskeidelik 44,4%, 67,1%, 52,6%, 40,7%, 70,1%, 57,2% en 47,6% in massa toegeneem. NaCl het na 4 weke reeds 'n merkbare invloed op die groeitempo van die hamels uitgeoefen. Tempo van wolproduksie gedurende die eerste 9 maande was onderskeidelik: 9,02, 10,85, 9,32, 7,65, 10,53, 9,42 en 9,06 (g skoonwol dag -1 ). Dit was duidelik dat jong skape op natuurlike grasweiding van die sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat 'n voedingsbehoefte aan NaCl het, maar oormatige inname vanaf lekke kan groeitempo en wolproduksie benadeel. Verder het aanvullende RP, in kombinasie met hoe NaCl-peile, die nadelige effek van NaCl in 'n mate verminder. Keywords : Body mass changes, crude protein, grazing sheep, NaCl, supplementation, wool production
THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTERS. III. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND EVOLUTIONARY STATES

We analyze the physical properties of stellar clusters that are detected in massive star-forming regions in the MYStIX project—a comparative, multiwavelength study of young stellar clusters within 3.6 kpc that contain at least one O-type star. Tabulated properties of subclusters in these regions include physical sizes and shapes, intrinsic numbers of stars, absorptions by the molecular clouds, and median subcluster ages. Physical signs of dynamical evolution are present in the relations of these properties, including statistically significant correlations between subcluster size, central density, and age, which are likely the result of cluster expansion after gas removal. We argue that many of the subclusters identified in Paper I are gravitationally bound because their radii are significantly less than what would be expected from freely expanding clumps of stars with a typical initial stellar velocity dispersion of ∼3 km s−1 for star-forming regions. We explore a model for cluster formation in which structurally simpler clusters are built up hierarchically through the mergers of subclusters—subcluster mergers are indicated by an inverse relation between the numbers of stars in a subcluster and their central densities (also seen as a density versus radius relation that is less steep than would be expected from pure expansion). We discuss implications of these effects for the dynamical relaxation of young stellar clusters.
Exploring the Causes of Islamic Radicalization and Recruitment and the General Strain Theory in Identified Terrorists

Little research has been done exploring the relation between the General Strain Theory and Islamist radicalization and recruitment. This author will explore a possible relationship between collective social strain and its impact on one’s decision to engage in radical Islamist extremism. This author based the research on the General Strain Theory which states that when individuals experience strain or pressure, under certain circumstances, that strain can lead to offending or delinquent behavior. Muslims living in the United States and abroad, regardless of generation or nationality, can find themselves subject to discrimination, poverty, inequality and other real or perceived injustices. This author examined existing literature detailing convicted, identified or self-professed terrorists and their possible exposure to collective strain. Examining these strains as a possible springboard towards violent extremism and terrorist acts could produce mechanisms to identify those at risk of radicalization and recruitment and thereby possibly identify means for prevention.
Long‐term trends and cycles in the hydrometeorology of the Amazon basin since the late 1920s

Rainfall and river indices for both the northern and southern Amazon were used to identify and explore long‐term climate variability on the region. From a statistical analysis of the hydrometeorological series, it is concluded that no systematic unidirectional long‐term trends towards drier or wetter conditions have been identified since the 1920s. The rainfall and river series showing variability at inter‐annual scales linked to El Niño Southern Oscillation was detected in rainfall in the northern Amazon. It has a low‐frequency variability with a peak at − 30 years identified in both rainfall and river series in the Amazon. The presence of cycles rather than a trend is characteristic of rainfall in the Amazon. These cycles are real indicators of decadal and multi‐decadal variations in hydrology for both sides of the basin. Sea‐level pressure (SLP) gradients between tropics and sub topics were explored in order to explain variability in the hydrometeorology of the basin. Sea surface temperature (SST) gradients inside the tropical Atlantic and between the tropical Atlantic and the sub‐tropical Atlantic have been assessed in the context of changes in rainfall in the Amazon, as compared to northern Argentina. Trends in SSTs in the subtropical Atlantic are linked to changes in rainfall and circulation in northern Argentina, and they seem to be related to multi‐decadal variations of rainfall in the Amazon. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian Estimation of the Hazard Function with Randomly Right‐Censored Data

We develop a nonparametric Bayesian functional estimation method, using monotone wavelet approximation, for hazard estimation from randomly right censored data. The proposed methodology is compared with that of Arjas and Gasbarra (1994) and Antoniadis et al. (1999) in a simulation study and with real data.
CHAPTER 1 Sustainability and One Health

The sustainability of global bovine production systems is currently one of the most highly debated issues relating to food production. Ruminant livestock provide high-quality animal-source foods in conjunction with a myriad of associated economic and social benefits to communities worldwide. Nonetheless, the question is often raised as to whether the consumption of milk and meat is inherently unsustainable. Sustainability was defined within the Brundtland Report (United Nations World Commission on Environment & Development, 1987) as: ‘meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’, and this remains the most commonly used definition, implying the need to use resources at rates that do not exceed the earth’s capacity to replenish them, while ensuring human food security. 870 million people are currently considered to be food-insecure on a global basis (Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 2012), so global food production could be argued to be unsustainable as per the first half of the definition. Nonetheless, a sustainable food system is not simply dependent upon producing sufficient food but upon delivering
How to make a “Heart Team” a “real” Team to ensure optimal patient care

Due to the ongoing ageing of the population with increased related co-morbidities, transcatheter interventions are spreading around the first world countries like an unstoppable firewall. Some (the tip of the iceberg) have already established in “normal clinical life” and became very safe procedures for the “modern high-risk patient” with acceptable outcomes over the last decade but many more are just evolving currently being under investigation with first in-man clinical trials.
Estimation of regional evapotranspiration based on remote sensing: case study in the Heihe River Basin

Abstract. Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) has long been an important issue in hydrology. Many experimental observations indicate advection has a great impact on ET in arid and semiarid areas. However, most of the remote sensing models only focus on the vertical energy balance and deviate from reality. A revised Penman equation has been derived to estimate actual ET under normal conditions in order to account for advection. The parameter of the water availability for ET is introduced and the T s / f (surface temperature and vegetation fraction) space is used to characterize this parameter in the revised formula. The estimates were validated using the observations measured with eddy covariance systems at the Yingke station. In 22 of all 24 days, the difference between the observations and the estimates was smaller than 70 W / m 2 . The correlation coefficient is 0.91 and the RMSE is 48.38 W / m 2 . This finding reveals that this approach is capable of providing reliable results. In addition, when considering advection, the potential ET can be 83.23 W / m 2 larger than the available energy. This finding indicates that the advection effect needs to be considered in remote sensing models in order to derive more reliable regional ET.
Study of OTA Throughput of 4 G LTE Wireless Terminals for Different System Bandwidths and Coherence Bandwidths in Rich Isotropic Multipath

The paper shows experimental and theoretical study of over-the-air (OTA) throughput of LTE wireless devices for different system bandwidths and coherence bandwidths in rich isotropic multipath (RIMP) environment. The theory models the effect of the frequency diversity obtained in OFDM system and shows good agreement with the measurements for the different system bandwidths and coherence bandwidths.
Gender Caring: The Everyday Construction of Black African Parents in Finland

The Nordic countries are now firmly ensconced in academia as gender-friendly welfare states. They are seen as pioneering countries with respect to changes in family life and gender relations and thus present an interesting forum for family research. This paper explores how gender caring relates to gender, religion and parenting in Sub-Saharan African families in the context of immigration to Finland. A constructionist perspective is employed to illuminate how guidelines or scripts established in these parents’ cultures are actively used and how they in turn influence their gender relations. Gender caring is conceptualized as an ethic of reciprocity, solidarity and obligation to ensure interdependence and strong bonds among black African parents. The article draws on in-depth interviews conducted with twelve couples mainly in the Helsinki area (which includes Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen).
A Study of the Adaptive Functioning and the Behavioral and Emotional Problems of Child Victims and Witnesses of Family Violence

Behavior problems and adaptive behavior were evaluated in a sample of 30 children, mean age 9.5 years, whose mothers had been temporarily residing in a shelter or had been receiving shelter services during the 6 1/2 months of data collection. Using a sequential sampling design, the mother of every child exposed to family violence, was selected. Fifteen mothers were interviewed regarding the nature of the violence that their children had witnessed and/or experienced (including type, frequency, duration, and recency of the violence) as well as the nature of their children's adaptive behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales). Mothers also rated their children's behavior on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and completed a measure of maternal depression (Beck Depression Inventory) . The results of the present study indicate a clinically significant prevalence of both behavior problems and diminished adaptive functioning as reported by the mothers. More than one third of the children in our study (36.67%) exhibited behavior problems that fell within the clinical range (T ~ 65). In addition, 60% of the children's adaptive behavior scores fell into the "moderately low" to "luw" category (X < 85); and, across the areas of communication, daily living skills, and socialization, the ii children in our sample were found to be performing an average 2.23 years below the level expected for their chronological age. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed between each of the-assessed dimensions of both maternal and child functioning to delineate the relationship between the child functioning and the child's witnessing or experiencing of parental violence. A significant, negative association between the adaptive behavior composite and externalizing behavior scores was found, revealing that as adaptive behavior diminishes, externalizing behaviors increase. Adaptive behavior, in contrast, was not found to be significantly related to internalizing behaviors; however, maternal depression was significantly related to the internalizing behavior exhibited by the child. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 70% of the variance in internalizing behavior problems exhibited by the child is accounted for by maternal depression (BDI) and adaptive behavior, with maternal depression being the major predictor. Thus, in accordance with theoretical predictions, the impact upon the child of witnessing and/or experiencing family violence may be partially mediated by factors associated with maternal depression. Implications of these findings are discussed . ·
Magnetic anisotropy, magnetostatic interactions and identification of magnetofossils

Single‐domain magnetite particles produced by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and aligned in chains, called magnetosomes, are potentially important recorders of paleomagnetic, paleoenvironmental and paleolife signals. Rock magnetic properties related to the anisotropy of magnetosome chains have been widely used to identify fossilized magnetosomes (magnetofossils) preserved in geological materials. However, ambiguities exist when linking magnetic properties to the chain structure because of the complexity of chain integrity and magnetostatic interactions among magnetofossils that results from chain collapse during post‐depositional diagenesis. In this paper, magnetic properties of three sets of samples containing extracted magnetosomes of the culturedMagnetospirillum magneticumstrain AMB‐1 were analyzed to determine how chain integrity and particle concentration influence magnetic properties. Intact MTB and well‐dispersed magnetosome chains are characterized by strong magnetic anisotropy and weak magnetostatic interactions, but progressive chain breakup and particle clumping significantly increase the degree of magnetostatic interaction. This results in a change of the magnetic signature toward properties typical of interacting, single‐domain particles, i.e., a decrease of the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, decreasing in the crossing point of the Wohlfarth‐Cisowski test and in the delta ratio between losses of field and zero‐field cooled remanent magnetization across the Verwey transition, as well as vertical broadening of the first‐order reversal curve distribution. We propose a new diagram that summarizes the Verwey transition properties, with diagnostic limits for intact and collapsed chains of magnetosomes. This diagram can be used, in conjunction with other parameters, to identify unoxidized magnetofossils in sediments and rocks.
Zoos as a context for reinforcing environmentally responsible behaviour: The dual challenges that zoo educators have set themselves

A strong focus for zoo education is inspiring visitors to care for the environment and this inevitably means reinforcing messages that relate to the adoption of sustainable lifestyles. Since lifestyle changes are likely to involve some level of personal cost or sacrifice, zoo educators are faced with the challenge of aligning this objective with the visitor expectation of a recreational day out to see the animals with the family. In order to evidence their effectiveness as education providers, zoo must also evaluate their educational activities and this represents a second challenge. The Learning Together intervention was devised specifically to address these two challenges as single parent families participated in zoo-based workshops with themes that related to environmentally responsible lifestyles. Results from focus groups in the zoo and semi-structured interviews in the community several weeks later showed that parents had gained a new understanding of the role of zoos and were motivated to make lifestyle changes that persisted over the lifetime of the project.
An analysis of present and future seasonal Northern Hemisphere land snow cover simulated by CMIP5 coupled climate models

Abstract. The 20th century seasonal Northern Hemisphere (NH) land snow cover as simulated by available CMIP5 model output is compared to observations. On average, the models reproduce the observed snow cover extent very well, but the significant trend towards a reduced spring snow cover extent over the 1979–2005 period is underestimated (observed: (−3.4 p 1.1)% per decade; simulated: (−1.0 p 0.3)% per decade). We show that this is linked to the simulated Northern Hemisphere extratropical spring land warming trend over the same period, which is also underestimated, although the models, on average, correctly capture the observed global warming trend. There is a good linear correlation between the extent of hemispheric seasonal spring snow cover and boreal large-scale spring surface air temperature in the models, supported by available observations. This relationship also persists in the future and is independent of the particular anthropogenic climate forcing scenario. Similarly, the simulated linear relationship between the hemispheric seasonal spring snow cover extent and global mean annual mean surface air temperature is stable in time. However, the slope of this relationship is underestimated at present (observed: (−11.8 p 2.7)% °C−1; simulated: (−5.1 p 3.0)% °C−1) because the trend towards lower snow cover extent is underestimated, while the recent global warming trend is correctly represented.
The effect of the budget slack creation and budget internal control by managers on maximization of utility function in budgetary participation

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget Manager try to maximize their utility by using of budget slack tools and internal control system, respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of budget slack creation and budget internal control by managers on their utility by means of game theory. Hypotheses were tested by panel data of financial statements and Manager’s ethical attitude of 56 manufacturing company of Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2015. The main and subs hypothesis were analysis, by best response function method and Mann-Whitney test. Base on the results, if the internal control of budget is weak, the strategy of budget slack creation by senior manager would maximize his utility. Also, if the senior manager looking for create the budget slack, the strategy of budget internal control by budget manager would maximize his utility. Otherwise, the mentioned strategies have no significant effects on their utility.
A New Outlook for Almost Convergent Sequence Spaces

Banach limiti (Acta. Math. 80. 1948, 167-190) kavramini kullanarak G.G. Lorentz hemen hemen yakinsak dizilerin uzayini tanimladi. Bu calismada one cikan nokta , ve uzaylarinin Candan [2] tarafindan tanimlanan matris etki alaninda olan , ve uzaylarini tanimlamaktir. Burada ikili dizisel band matrisi de genellestirilmis agirlikli ortalamayi gostermektedir. Calismada oncelikle , ve uzaylarinin sirasi ile , ve uzaylarina lineer izomorf olduklari gosterildikten sonra ve uzaylarinin sirasi ile ve dualleri elde edilmistir. Son bolumde de verilen herhangi bir dizi uzayi olmak uzere ve matris siniflarinin karekterizasyonu verilmistir.
Supplement to: Interpretation for use of surface wind speed projections from the 11-member Met Office Regional Climate Model ensemble

This document provides supplementary material to the techincal note on "Interpretation for use of surface wind speed projections from the 11-member Met Office Regional Climate Model ensemble". As noted in the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) Technical note on Wind (Brown et al., 2009), the RCM surface wind speeds show biases when compared to long-term climatological means derived from observations, or from atmospheric reanalysis datasets. Biases that vary with location and season that can be attributed to aspects of the parameterisation of unresolved orography and surface roughness. As such, Brown et al. recommend that when exploiting the RCM wind data, the consequences of these climatological biases should be carefully assessed in the context of the intended application.
Superiority of real - coding genetic algorithm to other coding search techniques for pipe networks optimization

The paper describes the development of a genetic algorithm (GA) formulation by using real representation for the water pipe networks optimization. The research has taken two widely known and published problems and solved them in illustration of the efficiency and performance of this method towards realizing good designs. The first problem has been a small hypothetical network and the second a primary real system, the New York City water supply tunnels. The results have been compared with those of other search techniques (simulated annealing) and coding GA (binary, Gray, and Integer). They proved for the small network systems, that real coding GAs gives slightly more costly solution than that of simulated annealing and of Gray coding GAs. This can be attributed to the number of genes used in the chromosome caused by real representation, which is less than what is needed for keeping the diversity of the population. As for the larger network systems, it has been found that the real representation is very effective and provides the least-cost feasible solution to the New York tunnels problem.
Psychosocial and Developmental Status of Orphanage Children: Epidemiological Study

Objective: Determination of emotional and developmental disorders among orphanages children in Sharkia governorate. Subjects and Methods: The sample includes 294 children recruited from 4 orphanages in Sharkia governorate. All children aged between 6-12 years old, from both sex and have no social limitation. All participants were subjected to psychiatric assessment for depression by Child Depression Inventory (CDI), anxiety by Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), self-esteem by Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and pediatric assessment for developmental disorders by Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC). Results: The prevalence rate of depression was 21%, anxiety was 45%, low self-eastem was 23% and developmental disorder was 61%. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is high rate of emotional and developmental disorders among orphanages children and strongly inter-related with sociodemographic characteristics.