Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Estimation of Caloric Expenditure Using Three Triaxial Accelerometers

Accelerometer-based activity monitors are commonly used to measure physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). Newly designed wrist and hip-worn triaxial accelerometers claim to accurately predict PAEE across a range of activities. Purpose: To determine if the Nike FuelBand (NFB), Fitbit (FB) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (AG) estimate PAEE in various activities. Methods: 21 healthy, college-aged adults wore a NFB on the right wrist, a FB on the left hip, and AG on the right hip, while performing 17 activities. AG data were analyzed using Freedson’s kcal regression equation. PAEE was measured using the Cosmed K4b (K4). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare mean differences in PAEE (kcal/min). Paired sample t-tests with Bonferroni adjustments were used to locate significant differences. Results: For each device, the mean difference in PAEE was significantly different from the K4 (NFB, -0.45 + 2.8, FB, 0.48 + 2.27, AG, 0.64 + 2.59 kcal/min, p = 0.01). The NFB significantly overestimated most walking activities (e.g., regular walking; K4, 3.1 + 0.2 vs. NFB, 4.6 + 0.2 kcal/min) and activities with arm movements (e.g., sweeping; K4, 3.0 + 0.8 vs. NFB, 4.7 + 0.4 kcal/min, p < 0.05). The NFB trended towards overestimating sport activities (basketball; K4, 10.8 + 0.8 vs. NFB, 12.2 + 0.5 kcal/min) (racquetball; K4, 9.6 + 0.8 vs. NFB 11.1 + 0.5 kcal/min). The FB and the AG significantly overestimated walking (K4, 3.1 + 0.2; FB, 5.4 + 0.3, AG, 5.8 + 0.4 kcal/min, p = 0.01) and underestimated PAEE of most activities with arm movements (e.g., Air Dyne, K4 5.6 + 0.2; Fitbit, 0.3 + 0.2; AG, 0.2 + 0.1 kcal/min, p < 0.05) (racquetball, K4, 9.6 + 0.8 kcal/minute vs. FB, 7.4 + 0.6 kcal/minute, vs. AG, 6.5 + 0.4 kcal/minute, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The NFB overestimated PAEE
Neuropsychological Contributions to Symptomatology in Eating Disordered Patients

The present study examined the claim that neuropsychological deficits in set-shifting and emotional decision making are present in eating disordered patients, and to what extent these deficits relate to specific aspects of disordered eating. Sixteen eating disordered patients and 38 controls were given a battery of neuropsychological measures, as well as questionnaires measuring disordered eating. Compared to controls, patients demonstrated poorer performance on tasks of set-shifting, but not decision making, psychomotor speed, working memory, or IQ. Across groups, poor set-shifting was correlated with food-, shape-, and weight concerns, and restricting, whereas poor decision making was correlated to restricting. The study demonstrates that set-shifting deficits are present in eating disordered patients, and that specific relations exist between cognitive performance in different domains and disordered eating.
Title Lexical leverage : category knowledge boosts real-time novel word recognition in 2-year-olds Permalink

Recent research suggests that infants tend to add words to their vocabulary that are semantically related to other known words, though it is not clear why this pattern emerges. In this paper, we explore whether infants leverage their existing vocabulary and semantic knowledge when interpreting novel label–object mappings in real time. We initially identified categorical domains for which individual 24-month-old infants have relatively higher and lower levels of knowledge, irrespective of overall vocabulary size. Next, we taught infants novel words in these higher and lower knowledge domains and then asked if their subsequent realtime recognition of these items varied as a function of their category knowledge. While our participants successfully acquired the novel label–object mappings in our task, there were important differences in the way infants recognized these words in real time. Namely, infants showed more robust recognition of high (vs. low) domain knowledge words. These findings suggest that dense semantic structure facilitates early word learning and real-time novel word recognition.
Climate of the Past Discussions Interactive comment on “ Two millennia of climate variability in the Central Mediterranean ” by C .

Yes: the paper has been substantially changed. Our δ18O record is now compared to alkenone-derived SSTs measured in cores from the same Gallipoli Terrace, as well as to European and Italian temperature reconstructions. The first one covers the last 500 y (Luterbacher et al., 2004) and the second one covers the last 250 y and results from the homogenisation of instrumental data (Brunetti et al., 2006).
Alarm calls of vervet monkeys

I used observational data from natural encounters with predators and the controlled presentation of aerial and terrestrial predator alarm calls to assess the hypothesis that these acoustically discernable calls trigger contextand predator-appropriate behaviour in freeranging vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). my results, from two study groups in South Africa, show that the modal natural and experimental response was not to initiate escape behaviour, either immediately or in the 10s following an alarm call, but to look at the sound source. When monkeys did take evasive action, which occurred no more frequently than doing nothing at all, contextuallyinappropriate behaviour (i.e., behaviour that was not appropriate for evading the specific predator type) was as likely to occur as contextually-appropriate behaviour. I also found that the distance at which calls were heard was negatively correlated with the probability of some form of evasive action. I suggest that the large size of our groups, and the consequently greater mean distance at which natural calls were heard, may explain why our animals displayed low levels of active response and less predator-appropriate evasion or vigilance than expected, given previous work on this species (Seyfarth et al. 1980. Science, 210, 801-803). As the frequency and rapidity with which respondents looked towards the loudspeaker confirmed the general salience of the calls, I conclude that the broader social and ecological framework in which calls occur, rather than a simple contextually regular linkage between call types and specific predators, shapes animals responses to calls in this species.
Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes Toward Inclusion in a Non-Traditional Classroom

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 52 pre-service teachers’ participation in an outdoor education program, for sixth grade students, on their attitudes toward inclusion of students with special needs. A survey was administered before and after the three-day event. After the experience the subjects felt more familiar with the concept of inclusion and realized possible conflicts between expectations of regular classroom teachers and special education teachers. This suggests that experiences in outdoor settings, a learning environment not usually explored, can influence pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion of students with special needs as well as make them aware of the various roles that teachers assume.
SLEEP , MEMORY , AND MOLE REMSLEEPANDMEMORY Animal studies

The relationship of sleep states to memory processing or consolidation has been of interest for at least 100 years. Advances in the understanding of the nature of sleep states and of memory processes at the electrophysiological, neurophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral levels have provided invaluable information to help us understand a very important and practical relationship. The idea of permanent memory formation as a neurophysiological and neurochemical set of processes occurring both during and well after the end of behavioral acquisition has evolved over the years. Memory formation was at one time considered to pass through three main stages, including an early, short-term phase (seconds), a longer intermediate-term phase lasting several hours or more, finally becoming a relatively permanent long-term memory. The intermediate phase of memory was considered to be a fragile stage during which external agents such as electroconvulsive shock or protein synthesis inhibitors could disrupt memory consolidation. The intermediate memory consolidation phase was considered to be most active during the first 3–5 hours after acquisition of most tasks. It is now known that final memory formation can take much longer than a few hours and there are several kinds of memory systems involving a variety of neural structures. The understanding of the basic sleep states was firmly established by a number of laboratories around the world during the 1950s. The discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Aserinsky and Kleitman, 1953) along with non-REM (NREM) sleep in a wide variety of mammals paved the way for the study of a possible relationship between sleep states and memory processing. Three basic approaches have been used to study the sleep–memory relationship. These include:
Effect of outside air ventilation rate on VOC concentrations and emissions in a call center

A study of the relationship between outside air ventilation rate and concentrations of VOCs generated indoors was conducted in a call center. Ventilation rates were manipulated in the building's four air handling units (AHUs). Concentrations of VOCs in the AHU returns were measured on 7 days during a 13-week period. Indoor minus outdoor concentrations and emission factors were calculated. The emission factor data was subjected to principal component analysis to identify groups of co-varying compounds based on source type. One vector represented emissions of solvents from cleaning products. Another vector identified occupant sources. Direct relationships between ventilation rate and concentrations were not observed for most of the abundant VOCs. This result emphasizes the importance of source control measures for limiting VOC concentrations in buildings.
Title : Transcription factor OsWRKY 53 positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling 1 and plant architecture 2 3 Running title : OsWRKY 53 regulates rice brassinosteroid signaling

Title: Transcription factor OsWRKY53 positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling 1 and plant architecture 2 3 Running title: OsWRKY53 regulates rice brassinosteroid signaling 4 Authors: Xiaojie Tian 1, 2 , Xiufeng Li , Wenjia Zhou 1, , Yuekun Ren 1, , Zhenyu 5 Wang , Zhiqi Liu , Jiaqi Tang , Hongning Tong , Jun Fang 1 and Qingyun Bu 1,* 6 1 Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean 7 Molecular Design Breeding, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China 8 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 9 3 College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China 10 4 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 11 100081, China 12 Author contributions: 13 Q.B. conceived and supervised the project. X.T. performed most of experiments. X. L. , 14 W. Z. , Y. R. , Z. W. , Z. L. , and J. T. assisted the experiments. Q.B. and X.T. analyzed 15 the data and wrote the article with the contribution from H. T. and J. F. 16 Funding information: 17 This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 18 31671653), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 (Grant No. XDA08040101), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang (Grant 20 No. ZD2015005), and the Hundred–Talent-Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences 21 to Q.Y. Bu. 22 One sentence summary: OsWRKY53 is a novel positive regulator of rice BR 23 signaling and its phosphorylation by OsMAPK6 is indispensable for its function in rice 24 Corresponding author: 25 E-mail: buqingyun@iga.ac. cn 26 Plant Physiology Preview. Published on September 11, 2017, as DOI:10.1104/pp.17. 00946
Competencies for the effective management of legislated business rehabilitations

Background: In 2011 a new Companies Act (No. 71 of 2008) was implemented in South Africa. A feature of this Act was the introduction of business rescue legislation. Although this legislation was implemented in May 2011, statistics indicate that the success rate for business rescues is approximately only 12%. This low success rate prompted debate relating to the effectiveness, and continued suitability of a legislated business rescue as a mechanism to rehabilitate financially distressed companies. A feature of the business rescue environment in South Africa is the lack of knowledge, necessitating more research in the field. Aim: Due to the importance of the business rescue practitioner in the overall success of a rescue, the research focused on establishing competencies required to be a successful practitioner. Setting: The research was undertaken in South Africa between 2015 and 2017. Methods: A mixed methods research approach was utilised to identify the important competencies of a successful practitioner. A survey was conducted with the membership of the Turnaround Management Association of Southern Africa. The survey was mailed to 130 members and the response rate was 54%. The survey was complemented by undertaking interviews with 7 of the top 10 business rescue practitioners, according to their number of practitioner appointments. Results: The original contribution to knowledge of this study is the identification of a set of competencies that can be utilised to accredit business rescue practitioners and the emphasis on an accounting qualification and effective cash management skills that a successful practitioner must possess. Conclusion: The knowledge generated from this research will benefit business rescue practitioners, the financial sector and stakeholders of companies intending to go into a legislated business rehabilitation.
Discriminative signaling of the prolactin receptor

Cytokine receptors elicit several signaling pathways, but it is poorly understood how they select and discriminate between them. We have scrutinized the prolactin receptor as an archetype model of homodimeric cytokine receptors to address the role of the extracellular membrane proximal domain in signal transfer and pathway selection. Structure-guided manipulation of residues involved in the receptor dimerization interface identified one residue (position 170) that in cell-based assays profoundly altered pathway selectivity and species-specific biocharacteristics. Subsequent in vitro spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that this residue was part of a residue quartet responsible for specific local structural changes underlying these effects. This included alteration of a novel aromatic T-stack within the membrane http://www.jbc. org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M115.639096 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on March 17, 2015 as Manuscript M115.639096 Copyright 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. at U N IV E R IT Y O F M E M PH IS on M arch 3, 2015 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from Discriminative signaling of the prolactin receptor 2 proximal domain, which promoted selective signaling affecting primarily the MAPK (ERK1/2) pathway. Importantly, activation of the MAPK pathway correlated with in vitro stabilities of ternary ligand-receptor complexes, suggesting a threshold mean lifetime of the complex necessary to achieve maximal activation. No such dependence was observed for STAT5 signaling. Thus, this study establishes a residue quartet in the extracellular membrane proximal domain of homodimeric cytokine receptors as a key regulator of intracellular signaling
Ubiquitous Self-Antigen Thymocyte Clonal Deletion Induced by Differential Roles for Bim and Nur77 in

Negative selection, primarily mediated through clonal deletion of self-reactive thymocytes, is critical for establishing self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Recent studies suggest that the molecular mechanisms of negative selection differ depending on the thymic compartment and developmental stage at which thymocytes are deleted. Using the physiological HY cd4 TCR transgenic model of negative selection against ubiquitous self-antigen, we previously found that one of the principal mediators implicated in clonal deletion, Bim, is required for caspase-3 activation but is ultimately dispensable for negative selection. On the basis of these data, we hypothesized that Nur77, another molecule thought to be a key mediator of clonal deletion, could be responsible for Bim-independent deletion. Despite comparable Nur77 induction in thymocytes during negative selection, Bim deficiency resulted in an accumulation of high-affinity–signaled thymocytes as well as impairment in caspase-mediated and caspase-independent cell death. Although these data suggested that Bim may be required for Nur77-mediated cell death, we found that transgenic Nur77 expression was sufficient to induce apoptosis independently of Bim. However, transgenic Nur77-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited in the context of TCR signaling, suggesting that endogenous Nur77 could be similarly regulated during negative selection. Although Nur77 deficiency alone did not alter positive or negative selection, combined deficiency in Bim and Nur77 impaired clonal deletion efficiency and significantly increased positive selection efficiency. Collectively, these data shed light on the different roles for Bim and Nur77 during ubiquitous Ag-mediated clonal deletion and highlight potential differences from their reported roles in tissue-restricted Ag-mediated clonal deletion. R andom rearrangement of the TCR a and b loci enables generation of vast diversity in the T cell repertoire for Ag specificity. Establishment of a competent yet self-tolerant T cell repertoire requires that developing thymocytes undergo rigorous selection processes in the thymus before being exported to the periphery. Selection begins at the CD4 + CD8 + double-positive (DP) thymocyte stage in the thymic cortex, coincident with expression of the complete TCR. The fate of the DP thy-mocyte is dependent on the affinity of the TCR for self-peptide presented by MHC proteins on thymic stromal cells. If the TCR is unable to interact with self-peptide-MHC (pMHC), the thymocyte will die by neglect. A low-to-moderate affinity interaction between the TCR and self-pMHC is required for survival and differentiation into a CD4 + or CD8 + single-positive (SP) thymocyte (1). Strong TCR signaling resulting from a high-affinity TCR/self-pMHC interaction can induce negative selection, preventing further development …
Radially anisotropic systems with $r^{-{\it\alpha}}$ forces: equilibrium states

We continue the study of collisionless systems governed by additive $r^{-{\it\alpha}}$ interparticle forces by focusing on the influence of the force exponent ${\it\alpha}$ on radial orbital anisotropy. In this preparatory work, we construct the radially anisotropic Osipkov–Merritt phase-space distribution functions for self-consistent spherical Hernquist models with $r^{-{\it\alpha}}$ forces and $1\leqslant {\it\alpha}<3$ . The resulting systems are isotropic at the centre and increasingly dominated by radial orbits at radii larger than the anisotropy radius $r_{a}$ . For radially anisotropic models we determine the minimum value of the anisotropy radius $r_{ac}$ as a function of ${\it\alpha}$ for phase-space consistency (such that the phase-space distribution function is nowhere negative for $r_{a}\geqslant r_{ac}$ ). We find that $r_{ac}$ decreases for decreasing ${\it\alpha}$ , and that the amount of kinetic energy that can be stored in the radial direction relative to that stored in the tangential directions for marginally consistent models increases for decreasing ${\it\alpha}$ . In particular, we find that isotropic systems are consistent in the explored range of ${\it\alpha}$ . By means of direct $N$ -body simulations, we finally verify that the isotropic systems are also stable.
Aggressive medical care Prolongation of life Comfort Cholinesterase Dignity inhibitors Maintenance Memantine of function Meaningful activities Caregiver support Palliative care DIAGNOSIS DEATH

Background: Despite mounting evidence that principles of palliative care are appropriate in care for individuals with dementia they are often not applied. As a result, patients with dementia are often exposed to burdensome interventions that have little or no benefit and are not provided with psychosocial treatments. Methods: Recommendations for applying palliative care principles in caring for people with dementia are provided, based on the WHO definition of palliative care, our clinical experience and some key literature
- oxidation capacity in skeletal muscle β-estradiol have increased β Men supplemented with 17

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August , 2011; 210 (2): 219-229. J Endocrinol Firoozeh Salehzadeh, Anna Rune, Megan Osler and Lubna Al-Khalili metabolism in human myotubes -estradiol exposure reveals sex-specific effects on glucose and lipid β Testosterone or 17 [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , March 26, 2012; . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Astrid M. Horstman, E. Lichar Dillon, Randall J. Urban and Melinda Sheffield-Moore The Role of Androgens and Estrogens on Healthy Aging and Longevity [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November , 2012; 67 (11): 1140-1152. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Astrid M. Horstman, E. Lichar Dillon, Randall J. Urban and Melinda Sheffield-Moore The Role of Androgens and Estrogens on Healthy Aging and Longevity [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2013; 304 (3): R206-R217. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Muoio and Espen E. Spangenburg Maher, Arend Bonen, Timothy R. Koves, Olga Ilkayeva, David M. Thomson, Deborah M. Kathryn C. Jackson, Lindsay M. Wohlers, Richard M. Lovering, Rosemary A. Schuh, Amy C. Ectopic lipid deposition and the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle in ovariectomized mice [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May 1, 2013; 114 (9): 1340-1350. J Appl Physiol Tang, Nancy D. Dalton, Yusu Gu, Kirk L. Peterson and Ellen C. Breen Kechun Tang, George Murano, Harrieth Wagner, Leonardo Nogueira, Peter D. Wagner, Alisa inflammation Impaired exercise capacity and skeletal muscle function in a mouse model of pulmonary
Test-Based Educational Accountability. Research Evidence and Implications

In recent years, many nations, including Germany, have begun to use students’ scores on achievement tests to monitor the performance of schools and educational systems. Such systems have been in place for a considerable time in a few nations, notably the United States, and numerous studies of their effects have been conducted. While these studies are limited, they are sufficient to reveal serious problems that should be confronted as new systems are put in place in other nations. Research in the U.S. has shown two related types of problems in test-based accountability (TBA) systems. Studies have revealed a mix of positive and undesirable effects on teaching and other aspects of educational practice. Research has also shown that increases in scores can become seriously inflated. That is, scores can increase by a larger amount – in some cases, a far larger amount – than actual improvements in student learning warrant. This paper summarizes studies of score inflation, describes several mechanisms that produce it, and notes implications for evaluation, testing, and the design of accountability systems.