Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subretinal Transplantation of Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cell Restores Retinal Function Loss on Light-induced Retinopathy

背景目的：以光照誘發視網膜退化病變的動物模式來探討視網膜感光細胞凋亡的變化，並探討視網膜下腔移植羊膜間質幹細胞可能的治療或視網膜保護功效。 實驗方法：實驗以SD大鼠為實驗動物，飼養於光照照度5000到7000 lux，光暗循環各12小時的環境下7天，用以誘發視網膜退化動物模式。 光照完成後，部分動物進行視網膜下腔移植人類羊膜間質幹細胞，另一部分動物同部位注射生理食鹽水作為對照組，並以視網膜電位圖、視網膜組織切片、以及免疫螢光染色等方式進行不同組別之研究。 結果討論：實驗結果顯示，光照一周後視網膜感光細胞有明顯減少（凋亡）的現象，而視網膜電位圖亦顯示視網膜功能已經明顯退化。 經過視網膜下腔移植人類羊膜間質幹細胞之後，三至五週後可以見到有標記的移植羊膜間質細胞已經嵌入被移殖動物的視網膜組之中，並且減少感光細胞的凋亡。 這些接受移植的動物在視網膜電位圖的表現也比對照組顯示較佳的視網膜功能。 藉由免疫螢光染色的技術更進一步發現，這些移植的羊膜間質幹細胞漸漸分化為視網膜的色素上皮細胞（RPE）、感光細胞（photoreceptor）、以及穆勒膠細胞（Muller cells）。 結論：研究結果顯示移植人類間質幹細胞可以修復因長期光照造成受損的視網膜感光細胞並於光照後維持視網膜功能，期望研究成果期望可以做為臨床治療視網膜退化疾病之參考。
Hidden Reserves under IFRS - Empirical Insights

The application of IFRS has caused a broad variety of examinations in literature. Numerous research studies in this context refer to accounting quality, comparability of financial reports and whether fair-value accounting is superior to historical-cost principles or not. All these issues have in common that hidden reserves, as the difference between historical book values and their fair value counterpart, play an important role in these fields. Nevertheless, there is currently no detailed examination showing empirical data about hidden reserves. Using information from 456 Purchase Price Allocations, we are the first to show which balance sheet items mainly comprise hidden reserves and to what extent. Our results show that hidden reserves exist in all balance sheet items, even in positions which are not supposed to contain reserves. We also find fewer hidden reserves than we expected in provisions but higher portions in inventories, for example. Moreover, we provide details of which factors seem to influence the extent of hidden reserves. We contribute to the existing literature by adding empirical evidence to the theoretical discussions of faithfulness and comparability of financial statements.
A Herschel PACS survey of the dust and gas in Upper Scorpius disks

We present results of far-infrared photometric observations with Herschel PACS of a sample of Upper Scorpius stars, with a detection rate of previously known disk-bearing K and M stars at 70, 100, and 160 {$μ$}m of 71%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. We fit power-law disk models to the spectral energy distributions of K {amp} M stars with infrared excesses, and have found that while many disks extend in to the sublimation radius, the dust has settled to lower scale heights than in disks of the less evolved Taurus-Auriga population, and have much reduced dust masses. We also conducted Herschel PACS observations for far-infrared line emission and JCMT observations for millimeter CO lines. Among B and A stars, 0 of 5 debris disk hosts exhibit gas line emission, and among K and M stars, only 2 of 14 dusty disk hosts are detected. The OI 63 {$μ$}m and CII 157 {$μ$}m lines are detected toward [PZ99] J160421.7-213028 and [PBB2002] J161420.3-190648, which were found in millimeter photometry to host two of the most massive dust disks remaining in the region. Comparison of the OI line emission and 63 {$μ$}m continuum to that of Taurus sources suggests the emission in the former source is dominated by the disk, while in the other there is a significant contribution from a jet. The low dust masses found by disk modeling and low number of gas line detections suggest that few stars in Upper Scorpius retain sufficient quantities of material for giant planet formation. By the age of Upper Scorpius, giant planet formation is essentially complete. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.
Solar-DRAM: Reducing DRAM Access Latency by Exploiting the Variation in Local Bitlines

DRAM latency is a major bottleneck for many applications in modern computing systems. In this work, we rigorously characterize the effects of reducing DRAM access latency on 282 state-of-the-art LPDDR4 DRAM modules. As found in prior work on older DRAM generations (DDR3), we show that regions of LPDDR4 DRAM modules can be accessed with latencies that are significantly lower than manufacturer-specified values without causing failures. We present novel data that 1) further supports the viability of such latency reduction mechanisms and 2) exposes a variety of new cases in which access latencies can be effectively reduced. Using our observations, we propose a new low-cost mechanism, Solar-DRAM, that 1) identifies failure-prone regions of DRAM at reduced latency and 2) robustly reduces average DRAM access latency while maintaining data correctness, by issuing DRAM requests with reduced access latencies to non-failure-prone DRAM regions. We evaluate Solar-DRAM on a wide variety of multi-core workloads and show that for 4-core homogeneous workloads, Solar-DRAM provides an average (maximum) system performance improvement of 4.31% (10.87%) compared to using the default fixed DRAM access latency.
Growth regulator insecticides for the control of the lesser mealworm beetle Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticides methoxyphenozide, teflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, chlorantraniliprole and also Azadirachta indica in the control of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The study was carried out in the Microbial Control laboratory of Universidade Estadual Londrina (Brazil) and consisted of two bioassays. In the first, A. diaperinus larvae were fed with corn feed treated with the insecticides in seven dosages. In the second bioassay, the different treatments were sprayed on the larvae only at the three highest dosages. Evaluations were performed daily, quantifying larval mortality, and on the 30th day, the number of pupae and adults were evaluated. Teflubenzuron, chlorantraniliprole and A. indica were responsible for the greatest percentage of mortalities in larvae fed with treated feed. The treatments with methoxyphenozide and pyriproxyfen caused the lowest mortalities; however, with pyriproxyfen the larvae were not transformed into pupae and adults up to the 30th day of assessment. The treatment with teflubenzuron showed the greatest toxicity, with the lowest survival time (ST50) When the products were applied directly on to the larvae, the most efficient treatments were teflubenzuron, chlorantraniliprole and A. indica; however, there was a reduction in the mortality percentages with teflubenzuron and chlorantraniliprole in relation to the feed bioassay. For A. indica, the application method did not affect the mortality levels. Pyriproxyfen, which had not led to mortality through feed ingestion, obtained an increase of up to 30% after being applied directly on to the larvae.
Profile and Treatment outcome of Laryngeal Cancer Patients attended at Orci from 2008 to 2011

Laryngeal cancer is the cancer of the cells found in the larynx. The new cases diagnosed annually have significant geographical variation. Laryngeal cancer is more common to male compared female and more in low social economic class. It is more prevalent in elderly people and the glottis area is the most common site. The high risk factors associated with laryngeal cancer include smoking cigarette, excessive alcohol consumption especially spirits, squamous cell carcinoma is by far the commonest histological type and the symptoms include hoarseness of voices, sore throat, painful swallowing and change in voice quality or enlarged neck nodes. In early stages, laryngeal cancer can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy and combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in late stages of the disease. The aim of this hospital based cross sectional study was to describe the disease profile of the patient with laryngeal cancer attended at ocean road cancer institute, Tanzania from 2008to 2011. 72 patients were included in a study, 86.1% were males and 13.9% were females. The youngest patient was 35 years and the oldest patient had 84 years with mean age 58.1 years, where by 59.7% of the patients included in the study had primary education and below. 64.4% had history of both alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking prior to disease development and the glottis area was common disease site by 66.7% with squamous cell carcinoma the most histological type by 98.6%. Majority had advanced disease stage III and IV with 73.6% of all patients included in the study where by the combination of chemotherapy and radiation treatment was common a treatment modality.
Mining Matters: Natural Resource Extraction and Local Business Constraints

We estimate the impact of local mining activity on the business constraints experienced by 25,777 firms across nine large and resource-rich countries. We find that the presence of active mines in firms' immediate vicinity (<20 km) deteriorates the business environment in tradeable sectors. Access to inputs and infrastructure becomes more constrained for these firms and this adversely affects their growth. In contrast, nearby active mines have a positive effect on firms in non-tradeable sectors. Moreover, we show that the presence of mines at a greater distance (21–150 km) relaxes business constraints of all firms, in line with positive regional spending effects.
HOW USER COMMENTS ON A NEWS SITE AFFECT PERCEPTIONS OF JOURNALISTIC QUALITY. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

Researchers have just begun to study the effects of user comments on individual and public perceptions. Existing studies have shown distinct effects and indicate that comments can influence perceived media bias (Houston, Hansen, & Nisbett, 2011), inferences about public opinion (E.-J. Lee, 2012), impressions of political candidates (J. Lee & Lim, 2014) and even risk perceptions (Anderson, Brossard, Scheufele, Xenos, & Ladwig, 2014). Our goal is to look at a possible outcome that was not investigated yet— the influence on perceptions of journalistic quality. This offers an interesting field of study for two main reasons: First, if comments indeed affect quality perceptions, this has implications for media image and, more generally, trust in media outlets. Second, quality assessments also influence the (future) selection of media. As suggested by the Theory of Subjective Quality Assessment (TSQA, cf. Wolling, 2009), selection decisions are based on perceived features of the media product. Quality assessments can be one of the features that decide whether users are willing to give their attention to a certain media product—or ultimately refuse to do so.
Carbon and oxygen abundances of field RR Lyrae stars. II - Oxygen abundances

From non-LTE analysis of the neutral oxygen triplet (7771--7775 A) absorption-line strengths on KPNO 4 m echelle plates, we have determined oxygen abundances and oxygen-to-iron ratios for a large number of field RR Lyrae stars covering the range in iron abundance +0.1> or =(Fe/H)> or =-2.2. We have found that (1) RR Lyrae stars at the metal-poor end of the range have (O/Fe) values near zero. This is somewhat surprising since previous studies of metal-poor field stars have found oxygen to be enhanced relative to iron. (2) RR Lyrae stars at the metal-rich end of the range have (O/Fe) values between +0.25 and +0.95. Again, this result is in disagreement with expectations based on studies of other field stars in the disk. (3) The abundance sum C+N+O, or its possible range, has been determined. For most stars, including those at the metal-rich end of the range, the ratio (C+N+O)/Fe is high relative to the solar value. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.
Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV: Maris Piper) infected by Erwinia carotovora, Bacillus polymyxa and Arthrobacter sp.

Bacteria were isolated from internal tissues of surface sterilized healthy tubers of Solanum tuberosum cv. Maris Piper (8 different isolates) and from tubers inoculated with Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora showing soft-rot symptoms (3 different isolates), and identified by fatty acid profiling. Bacillus polymyxa and an Arthrobacter sp. were isolated from both sources, E. carotovora only from the soft-rotted tubers. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by tubers inoculated with E. carotovora, B. polymyxa and the Arthrobacter sp. were identified. Inoculated tubers of cv. Maris Piper were incubated under controlled humidity (95% relative humidity) and temperature (10°C) to simulate typical storage conditions. B. polymyxa and Arthrobacter sp. did not cause symptoms, whilst E. carotovora caused limited soft-rot infections after 4 weeks at the low temperatures typically associated with potatoes in storage. The VOCs released to the headspace around these tubers were collected using an adsorbent system and analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-two volatiles unique to E. carotovora infection of potato tubers were found,) including 10 alkanes, four alkenes, two aldehydes, one sulphide, one ketone, one alcohol, one aromatic, one acid and one heterocyclic compound. B. polymyxa generated three unique volatiles: N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-pentadecene and 1-hexadecane. Only one volatile, 2,3-dihydrofuran, was unique to the Arthrobacter infection. Production of volatile nitrogen species from E. carotovora-infected tubers increased with time, whereas none were detected in the headspace above uninfected tubers. Further analysis using a modified GC-MS method established that ammonia, trimethylamine and several volatile sulphides were evolved from tubers infected by E. carotovora. No specific volatile was useful as a marker associated with any of the three bacterial species but in the case of E. carotovora-infected potato tubers a significant increase in the volume of compounds evolved was clearly observed. The results are discussed in relation to the use of sensors to detect VOCs evolved from infected tubers in order to provide an early warning system for the control of soft rot in potato stores
Estimate the Prevalence and Pattern of Serious Bacterial Infections (SBIS) in Febrile Young Infants

: Aims and Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and pattern of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in febrile young infants. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics, G.B. Pant hospital, an associated hospital of Govt. Medical College Srinagar, which is a referral tertiary care hospital for the children of Kashmir valley. The study was a prospective non-randomized study conducted from April 2011 to March 2012. All infants of age 30-89 days admitted in hospital with rectal temperature > 38◦C/100.4◦F without an apparent focus of infection on history and clinical examination were included in the study. Results: Total of 149 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of SBI in our study was 26.2% (39 out of 149 patients were positive for serious bacterial infection). Urinary tract infection in 16 which was 41.0% (out of 39 SBI’s), pneumonia 9 (23.1%), Occult bacteremia 8 (20.5%) and bacterial meningitis 6 (15.4%). Conclusion: Prevalence of 26.2% of serious bacterial infection in our study was high, as our hospital is a tertiary care, referral centre for sick patients. Urinary tract infection was most common followed by pneumonia, then occult bacteremia and finally bacterial meningitis. Pneumonia in our study was 23.9% which was quite high, might be because of the fact that study happened at a colder place, which could be a risk factor for more lower airway diseases.
Effect of salvage market on strategic technology choice and capacity investment decision of firm under demand uncertainty

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of salvage market on technology choice and capacity investment decision of two firms that compete on quantity under demand uncertainty. A game theoretic model applies such that firms choose their production technology between two alternatives: flexible versus inflexible production process. Then they decide on the amount of capacity investment: flexible firm makes decision about general and specific components and inflexible firm just about unified component. One stage forward both enter the primary market in which demand is uncertain and play a la Cournot and finally, flexible firm will be able to sell its unsold general components in the secondary market with a deterministic price. Numerical study was employed to observe equilibrium behavior of firms. Findings demonstrate that with symmetric parameterization there is a unique Nash equilibrium in which both firms choose inflexible technology while applying asymmetric parameters has the potential to form two types of .
Orientación motivacional en estudiantes de educación física pertenecientes al Programa de cualificación profesional Inicial (p.c.p.i.) y su contraste con Alumnos de la e.s.o.

espanolEl proposito de este estudio fue conocer la orientacion de logro en alumnos de Educacion Fisica pertenecientes al Programa de Cualificacion Profesional Inicial (P.C.P.I.) y contrastar los valores con estudiantes de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria (E.S.O.). La muestra total la componen 139 estudiantes pertenecientes a dos niveles de estudio: E.S. O. (1o y 2o curso) y alumnos del P.C. P.I. Como instrumento se empleo la Escala de Metas de Logro 2x2 en Educacion Fisica, validada con estudiantes de Educacion Fisica espanoles (n=813) de entre 11 y 16 anos. No se encontramos en la literatura referentes de metas de logro respecto a clases de Educacion Fisica de los P.C. P.I. El presente estudio ha evidenciado una baja y significativa orientacion de los alumnos P.C. P.I. hacia las metas de logro de aproximacion--�]maestria, en comparacion con alumnos de la E.S. O. Dado que la literatura al respecto muestra un perfil motivacional bajo en estos alumnos, junto con escasas experiencias de exito en el trabajo a lo largo de su trayectoria como estudiantes, la Educacion Fisica se posiciona como un buen instrumento para enlazar la motivacion de logro con una motivacion intrinseca, dirigida hacia metas de tarea o de aproximacion--�]maestria si tenemos en cuenta el modelo 2x2. EnglishThe purpose of this study was to know the goal orientations in Physical Education students from the Initial Professional Qualification Program (P.C.P.I.) and to establish a comparison with high school students. Total sample (139 students) is composed of two groups: high school students (1st and 2nd year E.S.O.) and P.C. P.I. students. The instrument employed in data collection was the 2x2 Achievement Goals in Physical Education Scale validated with Spanish Physical Education high school students (11--�]16 years old). No references were found in the literature with regard to Physical Education in P.C. P.I. The present study has reported a significant and low mastery--�] approach goal orientation in P.C. P.I. students, compared with high school students. Given the low motivational profile in P.C. P.I. students reported in literature, and their limited work success experiences in the past, Physical Education is viewed as an ideal instrument to link achievement goals with intrinsic motivation oriented to task goals or mastery--�]approach taking into account the in 2x2 model.
Consequences of geomagnetic activity on energization and loss of radiation belt electrons by oblique chorus waves

Statistics of amplitudes and obliquity of lower band chorus whistler mode waves have been obtained from Cluster measurements in Earth's outer radiation belt and fitted as functions of L, latitude, magnetic local time, and three geomagnetic activity ranges for Dst∈[+10,−80] nT. Very oblique chorus waves have generally a much smaller average intensity than quasi‐parallel waves, especially on the nightside. Nevertheless, analytical estimates and full numerical calculations of quasi‐linear diffusion rates show that dayside very oblique waves (θ>60°) dominate pitch angle scattering of energetic electrons during moderately disturbed periods. As geomagnetic activity increases, leading to higher wave amplitudes, electron lifetimes are only slightly reduced, due to a decrease of the wave obliquity probably related to Landau damping by stronger incoming fluxes from the plasma sheet. As a result, electron energization by chorus waves for Dst>−80 nT generally occurs in a loss‐dominated regime in which energization increases at lower L. However, at L≥6 the most disturbed periods (Dst<−40 nT) produce a stronger energization independent of losses. Double‐belt structures may therefore arise when Dst<−40 nT, with two peaks of energization located just outside the plasmapause and at L∼6. The variability of lower band chorus wave obliquity with geomagnetic activity could actually account for some part of the observed variability of energization and loss in the outer belt. It is also suggested that quasi‐linear pitch angle diffusion by very oblique waves together with energy diffusion by parallel waves might contribute to the steep wave growth observed in the day sector between the equator and 25°.
The center of the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra in characteristic $p$

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Recent weakening of northern East Asian summer monsoon: A possible response to global warming

We investigate the possible causes of the weakening of northern East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) from 1954 to 2010. We found that the decreased intensity of northern EASM as measured by a circulation index (EASMI) is significantly correlated with the increase of the surface air temperature (SAT) averaged over the Lake Baikal region (45°–65°N, 80°–130°E) defined as SATI. Corresponding to increasing SATI, an anomalous low‐level anticyclone occurs with northeasterly prevailing over northern East Asia (30°–50°N,100°–130°E), resulting in a weakened southwesterly monsoon winds and drier climate in this region. Numerical experiments with the community atmosphere model version 3 (CAM3) show that the joint forcing induced by greenhouse gases (GHG), sea surface temperature (SST), solar radiance (SR), and volcano activity (VC) can replicate the observed trend of SATI and its related circulation anomalies, but without GHG forcing the model failed to simulate the warming trend of SATI after 1970s. This implies that the global warming is likely responsible for the local warming around the Lake Baikal, which in turn weakens the northern EASM in recent decades.