Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interatomic and intermolecular Coulombic decay: the coming of age story

In pioneering work by Cederbaum et al an excitation mechanism was proposed that occurs only in loosely bound matter (Cederbaum et al 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 4778): it turned out, that (in particular) in cases where a local Auger decay is energetically forbidden, an excited atom or molecule is able to decay in a scheme which was termed ‘interatomic Coulombic decay’ (or ‘intermolecular Coulombic decay’) (ICD). As ICD occurs, the excitation energy is released by transferring it to an atomic or molecular neighbor of the initially excited particle. As a consequence the neighboring atom or molecule is ionized as it receives the energy. A few years later the existence of ICD was confirmed experimentally (Marburger et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 203401; Jahnke et al 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 163401; Öhrwall et al 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 173401) by different techniques. Since this time it has been found that ICD is not (as initially suspected) an exotic feature of van der Waals or hydrogen bonded systems, but that ICD is a very general and common feature occurring after a manifold of excitation schemes and in numerous weakly bound systems, as revealed by more than 200 publications. It was even demonstrated, that ICD can become more efficient than a local Auger decay in some system. This review will concentrate on recent experimental investigations on ICD. It will briefly introduce the phenomenon and give a short summary of the ‘early years’ of ICD (a detailed view on this episode of investigations can be found in the review article by U Hergenhahn with the same title (Hergenhahn 2011 J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 184 78)). More recent articles will be presented that investigate the relevance of ICD in biological systems and possible radiation damage of such systems due to ICD. The occurrence of ICD and ICD-like processes after different excitation schemes and in different systems is covered in the middle section: in that context the helium dimer (He2) is a particularly interesting (and exotic) system in which ICD was detected. It was employed in several publications to elucidate the strong impact of nuclear motion on ICD and its longrange-character. The review will present these findings and their initial theoretical predictions and give insight into most recent time-resolved measurements of ICD.
The Effect of Elections on Public Opinion Toward Democracy

Given the importance of developing a democratic culture for the long-term survival of democracy, it is crucial to understand whether and how public support for democracy changes over time in response to different events, particularly those that may contribute to democratization. Elections are a key institution associated with democracy; but elections are also found in most nondemocratic regimes, raising questions about whether electoral experiences affect the way that ordinary citizens think about democracy. The present article uses original survey data collected in Algeria in 2002, 2004, and 2006 to investigate this question. It finds that individuals who favor platforms, ideological orientations, or candidates who are excluded from participation in an election and/or believe that an election has not been free and fair have lower levels of support for democracy after the election than other members of society.
A meta-analysis of soil biodiversity impacts on the carbon cycle

Abstract. Loss of biodiversity impacts ecosystem functions, such as carbon (C) cycling. Soils are the largest terrestrial C reservoir, containing more C globally than the biotic and atmospheric pools together. As such, soil C cycling, and the processes controlling it, has the potential to affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations and subsequent climate change. Despite the growing evidence of links between plant diversity and soil C cycling, there is a dearth of information on whether similar relationships exist between soil biodiversity and C cycling. This knowledge gap occurs even though there has been increased recognition that soil communities display high levels of both taxonomic and functional diversity and are key drivers of fluxes of C between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we used meta-analysis and regression analysis to quantitatively assess how soil biodiversity affects soil C cycling pools and processes (i.e., soil C respiration, litter decomposition, and plant biomass). We compared the response of process variables to changes in diversity both within and across groups of soil organisms that differed in body size, a grouping that typically correlates with ecological function. When studies that manipulated both within- and across-body size group diversity were included in the meta-analysis, loss of diversity significantly reduced soil C respiration (−27.5%) and plant tissue decomposition (−18%) but did not affect above- or belowground plant biomass. The loss of within-group diversity significantly reduced soil C respiration, while loss of across-group diversity did not. Decomposition was negatively affected both by loss of within-group and across-group diversity. Furthermore, loss of microbial diversity strongly reduced soil C respiration (−41%). In contrast, plant tissue decomposition was negatively affected by loss of soil faunal diversity but was unaffected by loss of microbial diversity. Taken together, our findings show that loss of soil biodiversity strongly impacts on soil C cycling processes, and highlight the importance of diversity across groups of organisms (e.g., primary consumers and secondary decomposers) for maintaining full functionality of C cycle processes. However, our understanding of the complex relationships between soil biodiversity and C cycling processes is currently limited by the sheer number of methodological concerns associated with these studies, which can greatly overestimate or underestimate the impact of soil biodiversity on soil C cycling, challenging extrapolation to natural field settings. Future studies should attempt to further elucidate the relative importance of taxonomic diversity (species numbers) versus functional diversity.
Massive stars on the verge of exploding: the properties of oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet stars

Context. Oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet (WO) stars represent a very rare stage in the evolution of massive stars. Their spectra show strong emission lines of helium-burning products, in particular highly ionized carbon and oxygen. The properties of WO stars can be used to provide unique constraints on the (post-)helium burning evolution of massive stars, as well as their remaining lifetime and the expected properties of their supernovae. Aims. We aim to homogeneously analyse the currently known presumed-single WO stars to obtain the key stellar and outflow properties and to constrain their evolutionary state. Methods. We use the line-blanketed non-local thermal equilibrium atmosphere code cmfgen to model the X-Shooter spectra of the WO stars and deduce the atmospheric parameters. We calculate dedicated evolutionary models to determine the evolutionary state of the stars. Results. The WO stars have extremely high temperatures that range from 150 kK to 210 kK, and very low surface helium mass fractions that range from 44% down to 14%. Their properties can be reproduced by evolutionary models with helium zero-age main sequence masses of $M_{\mathrm{He, ini}} = 15-25 M_{\odot}$ that exhibit a fairly strong (on the order of a few times $10^{-5} M_{\odot} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$), homogeneous ($f_\mathrm{c} > 0.3$) stellar wind. Conclusions. WO stars represent the final evolutionary stage of stars with estimated initial masses of $M_{\mathrm{ini}} = 40-60 M_{\odot}$. They are post core-helium burning and predicted to explode as type Ic supernovae within a few thousand years.
Evaluation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum for giant buttercup control in dairy pastures.

An experiment was established in November 2002 on each of two dairy farms in Golden Bay (East Takaka and Pupu Valley) to evaluate a mycelium-on-wheat formulation of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a mycoherbicide against giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris). Granules were applied to individual giant buttercup plants or manually broadcast onto infested pasture at 500 kg/ha. The mortality of the giant buttercup plants reached 63% at East Takaka compared with 13% at Pupu Valley. Survivors were stunted so that the mean size of a treated plant was 27% and 56% of that of untreated plants 100 days after treatment at the East Takaka and Pupu Valley sites respectively. These effects remained evident 12 months after application. A second experiment confirmed these results.
Building Loyalty of Customs Bond Customer in West Java Indonesia

The aims of this research were to analyze and recognize the effect significance of product quality, agent competency, and trust to company on the loyalty of customs bond customer in West Java. The research was conducted by survey method to the customers of customs bond users in West Java. The research population was 238 importers and the sampling used purposive random sampling of 173 samples. The data collection technique used questionnaire and documentation. The data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling. The research results show that product quality and agent competency had significant effect on trust to company. Besides, product quality, agent competency, and trust to company had significant effect on customer loyalty. This research also shows that product quality and agent competency had indirect effect on customer loyalty through trust to company’s agent. The conclusion of this research shows that it is necessary to improve product quality and agent competency to improve customer loyalty. Keywords : quality, competency, trust, and loyalty
Differences in situational efficiency parameters between successful and unsuccessful female basketball teams on the Olympic games in London 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in situat ional efficiency parameters among successful and unsuccessful female basketball team on the Olympic Games in London 2 012. Sample of entities was comprised of 38 games as following: 15 games played in group A, 1 5 games played in group B, 4 games in the quarter-finals, 2 games in semi-finals, 1 game in finals and 1 game for third place. Situational efficiency variables were consisted of 13 parameters measured and analyzed in the stu dy. Differences between winning and defeated teams were calculated using Student t-test and multi variate analysis of variance (MANOVA). To determine which parameters differentiated groups the most, discrimin ate analysis with standardized canonical coefficients was used. Statistical significance was set up at p≤0.05. Obtained results showe d overall differences in situational parameters between winning and d efeated teams (p≤0.01). Also, parameters that discriminated winning from defeated teams the most were 2 points-fail (F-value=9.79 ; SCC=0.829 ; p<0.01), 3 points-fail (F-value=14.03 ; SCC=0.6 76 ; p<0.01), defensive rebounds (F- value=11.63 ; SCC=-0.623 ; p<0.01), offensive rebounds (F-valu e=5.20 ; SCC=-0.508 ; p<0.05) and turnovers (F-value=4.77 ; SCC=0.418 ; p<0.05). In conclusion, sco re efficiency with rebounds represent most important game variables to achieve advantage and win the game. Based o n that, coaches need to pay more attention in preserving technical-tactical and cognitive functions of the players on higher level, especially at the end of the game.
Cultural Values and Human Resource Outcomes in the Nigerian Banking Industry

This article explores the interplay between the cultural values and human resource (HR) outcomes in the Nigerian banking sector. The article adopted a quantitative method, utilising a correlational approach with the advanced explanatory design. A combination of simple random sampling and convenience sampling techniques was adopted, three hundred and eighty (380) questionnaires were distributed to respondents at two selected banks. Three hundred and five (305) questionnaires were properly completed and returned. The exploratory factor analysis, scale reliability and validity, and bivariate correlations between the variables were statistically verified. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the proposed model explaining the link between cultural values and HR outcomes was tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings revealed that there were significant positive relationships between cultural values and HR outcomes in the Nigerian banking sector. This study concludes that employees’ competence and satisfaction with job fulfilment were most important HR outcomes in the Nigerian banking industry. This article is valuable in recommending improved co-workers and supervisor directed behavioural patterns in the Nigerian banking industry. The managerial implication dwells on the need for deliberate alignment of emerging corporate strategies and core values to improve co-workers/organisational directed behaviours in the Nigerian banking industry. JEL Classification: M140, M500
The Use of Runs Test in Amman Stock Exchange

This paper applies runs test - runs up and down, distributions of runs by length, and runs above and below -to examine whether ASE is weak form efficient. The empirical results obtained in this paper suggest that the price behavior in ASE does not follow the random walk model over time. However, this does not necessarily imply a violation of weak form efficiency (vice versa is not correct).
Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Labour: A Comparison Study Using the Emotional Capital Report (ECR)

This study examined the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) to jobs requiring emotional labour in a sample of 6,874 participants from eleven countries or geographical regions. In particular, the current study examined the relationship of a mixed model of EI, as measured by the Emotional Capital Report (ECR), to emotional labour identified in recent literature as performed by workers in three types of service occupations, customer service, social control and caring. Previous research had reported that in dividuals high in EI may be more likely to perform well in jobs requiring emotional labour and, as such, emotional labour was an important mod erator of the EI-performance relationship. Results of this study supported the existence of a moderate relationship between a mixed model of EI and emotional labour and thus provided further support for this claim. The findings suggest that where jobs require high emotional labour, EI is likely to assist individuals to know both when to perform emotional labour and how to alter emotional behavior to meet organizational goals. Furthermore, when service occupations were examined for the type of emotional labour performed, those in customer service occupations produced significantly higher scores on 8 out of 10 ECR subscales. Taken together, the findings suggest that when considering the EI-performance link it is important to consider both the occupational context as well as the emotional intelligence of individuals. Limitations of the study and future directions are discussed, along with practical implications for both researchers and human resource personnel seeking to improve the job related performance of employees.
Comparing and validating models of driver steering behaviour in collision avoidance and vehicle stabilisation

A number of driver models were fitted to a large data set of human truck driving, from a simulated near-crash, low-friction scenario, yielding two main insights: steering to avoid a collision was best described as an open-loop manoeuvre of predetermined duration, but with situation-adapted amplitude, and subsequent vehicle stabilisation could to a large extent be accounted for by a simple yaw rate nulling control law. These two phenomena, which could be hypothesised to generalise to passenger car driving, were found to determine the ability of four driver models adopted from the literature to fit the human data. Based on the obtained results, it is argued that the concept of internal vehicle models may be less valuable when modelling driver behaviour in non-routine situations such as near-crashes, where behaviour may be better described as direct responses to salient perceptual cues. Some methodological issues in comparing and validating driver models are also discussed.
Towards Integrated Product and Package Development

The global company operates from a number of locations worldwide, resulting in implications for the transport, handling and storage of product and parts transported within the company as well as between the company divisions and suppliers and/or consumers. In these companies, the package becomes a frequently used object to complement product features and achieve an effective and efficient means of logistics. In this context, it is interesting to integrate package development in the product development process. To corroborate these thoughts, the overall objective for this thesis is to contribute to efficient and effective resource utilisation in global enterprises by providing an overall procedure model for integrating product and package development. Starting with three surveys in Swedish mechanical, pharmaceutical and food industries, which account for approximately 74% of all packaged products produced in Sweden, the potential for the concept was explored and positively validated. By comparisons across survey results and additional information provided by literature reviews of mechanical, pharmaceutical and food product development, the possibility of introducing integrated product and package development into an integrated procedure model has been established. To also include the package developer’s perspective, survey results are complemented with five case studies on the package development process in industry. Additionally, a theoretical exploration has been performed in literature on the concept of integration in product development. Here the applicability of some theories have been evaluated through real industry cases. An integrated product and package procedure model is heavily dependent upon product area. The dependence between product and package design leads to technical, organizational, process and goal oriented implications for the development project. This means that when the product area is known, relevant measures for the integration of product and package activities on an operational level can be developed into the procedure model. Here general recommendations are based on the integration of mechanical engineered products and their adherent packages. For the integration of product and package it is (1) important to include the package in the product mission statement, (2) preferable to consider the function decomposition of product and package when specifying the product and (3) beneficial to also decide upon the package hierarchy and package materials when deciding on detailed product systems and subsystems. (Less)
Toward measurement of pitch alignment

This paper discusses theoretical and practical issues underlying the measurement of pitch alignment. We define the alignment concept as the relationship between pitch trajectories and articulatory/acoustic trajectories. This concept is formalized within a general superpositional framework, according to which a pitch curve is viewed as the sum of component curves, such as phrase curves, accent curves, and segmental perturbation curves. According to a special case of the general superpositional concept, the Linear Alignment Model, a given intonational-phonological pitch accent class can be characterized as the combination of an underlying accent template (that represents the basic shape of the pitch excursion, e.g., rise, rise-fall) and an alignment parameter matrix (that specifies how to warp this template to be properly aligned with the segmental stream with which a pitch accent is associated, taking into account the segmental/durational structure of this stream). Traditional measurement of alignment is customarily based on the surface-point-to-surface-point approach (P-P approach). In this approach, the time interval (in ms or as a percentage of some structural unit such as the syllable) is measured between pitch points (i.e., points on the surface pitch contour, such as local F0 minima and maxima) and segmental points (i.e., points in the segmental stream such as boundaries between segments, syllable constituents, or syllable boundaries). A special case of the P-P approach is the search for segmental points that serve as anchors for pitch points. We show how the Linear Alignment Model can account for the systematic dependency of pitch point timing on the segmental/durational structure of the segmental stream. Specifically, we show how apparent changes of alignment as measured by the P-P approach, resulting from some independent variable, are in fact predictable via the model as direct consequences of the effects of the independent variable on the segmental/durational structure, and thus may not be changes in alignment at all. We also show how the model can account for phonological-perceptual changes associated with small changes in alignment in combination with unchanged segmental/ durational structure and pitch accent shape. *
Incorporating a discussion of equality in couple education programs

Many couples face changing gender roles, balancing paid work and family lift, and conflict over decision making. This paper reviews research on relationship equality that family lift educators can incorporite into existing couples education programs. Informed by feminist and gender perspectives, five aspects of equality are highlighted: consequences of inequality, benefits of equality, definitions of equality, models of equality-based relationships, and steps in developing equality. Recommendations about group facilitation, an outline of the content, and couple and group activities are provided. Clinical and empirical data document the struggles around fairness, and equity couples in heterosexual relationships encounter (Hare-Mustin, 1991: Hochschild, 1989; vannoy-Hiller & Philliber, 1989). Based on her research and observation of clients in three countries, Rabin ( 1996) states that the majoriff of heterosexual couples in the western world are experiencing the frustration, complexity, and confusion resulting from a contradictory blend of gendered role expectations and egalitarianism. She argues "that women's anger and disillusionment is the major universal dyramic underlying marital distress. women's continued attempts to make things right, their frustration at their partners' avoidance of conflicts and their increasing sense of having other options to marriage is the major predicament brought to relationship therapy" (p. 15). If a goal of premarital and couple'education is to provide couples with the perspectives and skills necessary to thrive in their relationships and avoid needing therapy to rescue their relationships, then educators are called on to address issues of gender and power (Horst & Doherty, 1995). Direct correspondence to t}Ie first author: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, 3028 Kohrman Hall, Westem Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 (blgqgglg-@_llmich.edg). The second author is a graduate student in the Department of Counselor Education and CounseLing Psychology at the same institution. An earlier version of this manuscript was presented at the Third Annual Conference of The Coalition for Marriage, Family and Couples Education, Washington, D. C. , June 30-July 4,1999.