Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heparin Use in a Rat Hemorrhagic Shock Model Induces Biologic Activity in Mesenteric Lymph Separate from Shock

Experimental data have shown that mesenteric lymph from rats subjected to trauma-hemorrhagic shock (THS) but not trauma-sham shock induces neutrophil activation, cytotoxicity, decreased red blood cell (RBC) deformability, and bone marrow colony growth suppression. These data have led to the hypothesis that gut factors produced from THS enter the systemic circulation via the mesenteric lymphatics and contribute to the progression of multiple organ failure after THS. Ongoing studies designed to identify bioactive lymph agents implicated factors associated with the heparin use in the THS procedure. We investigated if heparin itself was responsible for reported toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cell toxicity was not induced by lymph when alternate anticoagulants (citrate and EDTA) were used in THS. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell toxicity was induced by lymph after heparin but not saline or citrate injection into trauma-sham shock and naive animals and was dose dependent. Activities of both heparin-releasable lipases (lipoprotein and hepatic) were detected in the plasma and lymph from THS and naive animals receiving heparin but not citrate or saline. Lymph-induced HUVEC toxicity correlated with lymph lipase activities. Finally, incubation of HUVECs with purified lipoprotein lipase added to naive lymph-induced toxicity in vitro. These data show that heparin, not THS, is responsible for the reported lymph-mediated HUVEC toxicity through its release of lipases into the lymph. These findings can provide alternative explanations for several of the THS effects reported in the literature using heparin models, thus necessitating a review of previous work in this field.
A non-staining chlorhexidine mouthwash? Probably not: a study in vitro.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Tooth staining is a common side effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinses and caused by the interaction of the di-cationic antiseptic with dietary chromogens. A product is now available, which claims an anti-discolouration system (ADS) with one clinical study in support. This study in vitro aims to determine whether two ADS rinses do or do not bind dietary chromogens. METHOD AND MATERIALS Optically clear acrylic specimens were cycled through human saliva (2 min), one of the three chlorhexidine rinses (two ADS and a positive control) (2 min) or water and then soaked in tea (60 min). After each cycle the optical density (OD) of specimens were read on a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The exit point was the cycle at which OD was >2.0. RESULTS All three rinses exceeded OD 2 at 11 cycles and there was no significant difference in staining for the ADS rinses compared with the positive control rinse. CONCLUSION Based on extensive literature for the correlation of this test in vitro with chlorhexidine anti-plaque activity and propensity to stain in vivo these ADS rinses will have the same anti-plaque efficacy and potential to cause stain as established chlorhexidine rinse products.
Pediatric large volume peripheral blood progenitor cell collections from patients under 25kg: A primer

Collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells from small pediatric patients provides many social and technical challenges not faced when collecting from adult patients. This paper provides a single institutions experience with 85 collections from 14 patients less than 25 kg of weight over a 2 year period. Specific challenges include obtaining venous access, anticoagulation, volume shifts, and obtaining patient cooperation. A systematic analysts of options for access, alternative modes of anticoagulation, and the effect of large ratios of extra‐corporeal volume to patient's blood volume are discussed. Access uniformly required central venous catheters (CVC) ranging from 7–10 Fr Anticoagulation included systemic heparmization titrating dose by activated clotting time in all cases and combined with nitrate at a ratio of 1:25 · 1:30 in most cases. Collections were performed on a COBE. Spectra, after priming with leukoreduced irradiated red cells and omitting both the initial 120cc diversion and rinse back of red cells at the end Social challenges include issues of assent and ability to distract patients for the duration of a prolonged collection. Progenitor yields from collections from 14 patients were quantitiated by CD34+ assay in all cases and C? GM in ten of 14 patients. A median of 4.5 + 106/kg CD34+ cells were obtained for each collection. Complications, including those related to catheter access are enumerated. In summary, large volume peripheral blood progenitor collection can be safely and efficaciously performed in small pediatric patients. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CPS1-Compliant Regulation Using a PSD Analysis of Wind Expansion in a Single Balancing Authority

The integration of wind power has imposed new requirements for regulation reserves. For ensuring adequate regulation reserves, wind power variability and uncertainty must be estimated, and system frequency must comply with frequency performance standards. This work determines regulation capacity and ramping capability requirements as a function of wind-installed capacity to comply with CPS1, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Control Performance Standard 1 for the case of a single balancing authority. A simulation of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) will be presented to examine the performance of the formulation.
Pregnancy-enhanced store-operated Ca 2 C channel function in uterine artery endothelial cells is associated with enhanced agonist-speciﬁc transient receptor potential channel 3-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 interaction

We have previously shown that endothelial cells (EC) derived from the uterine artery (UA) of both pregnant (P-UAEC) and nonpregnant (NP-UAEC) ewes show a biphasic intracellular free Ca 2 C ([Ca 2 C ] i ) response after ATP stimulation. In each case, the initial transient peak, caused by the release of Ca 2 C from the intracellular Ca 2 C stores, is mediated by purinergic receptor-Y2 and is very similar in both cell types. However, the sustained phase in particular, caused by the inﬂux of extracellular Ca 2 C , is heightened in the P-UAEC, and associates with an increased ability of the cells to demonstrate enhanced capacitative Ca 2 C entry (CCE) via store-operated channels (SOCs). Herein we demonstrated that the difference in the sustained [Ca 2 C ] i response is maintained for at least 30 min. When 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB) (an inhibitor of the inosital 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and possibly SOC) was used in conjunction with ATP, it was capable of completely inhibiting CCE. Since 2APB can inhibit SOC in some cell types and 2APB was capable of inhibiting CCE in the UAEC model, the role of SOC in CCE was ﬁrst evaluated using the classical inhibitor La 3 C . The ATP-induced sustained phase was inhibited by 10 m M La 3 C , implying a role for SOC in the [Ca 2 C ] i response. Since canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) have recently been identiﬁed as putative SOCs in many cell types, including EC, the expression levels of several isoforms were evaluated in UAEC. Expression of TRPC3 and TRPC6 channels in particular was detected, but no signiﬁcant difference in expression level was found between NP- and P-UAEC. Nonetheless, we were able to show that IP3R2 interacts with TRPC3 in UAEC, forming a protein complex, and that this interaction is considerably enhanced in an agonist sensitive manner by pregnancy. Thus, while IP3R and TRPC isoforms are not altered in their expression by pregnancy, enhanced functional interaction of TRPC3 with IP3R2 may underlie pregnancy-enhanced CCE in the UAEC model and so explain the prolonged [Ca 2 C ] i sustained phase seen in response to ATP.
Diaphragmatic Hernia After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Malignancy

Purpose: Diaphragmatic hernia (DH) is an uncommon complication after esophagectomy, with <150 cases reported in the literature. The objective of our study was to determine the incidence and clinical presentation of this condition and to describe the prospective recognition of this finding in radiologic reports. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional imaging studies of all patients who underwent an esophagectomy between January 2001 and December 2007 at a single tertiary care center were retrospectively reviewed by 2 radiologists who were blinded to the clinical information and radiologic reports. Patients with DH were identified and their demographics, characteristics of hernia, and patient outcome were recorded. Radiology reports issued at the time of study were reviewed independently by a third reviewer to assess whether the hernia was prospectively reported. Results: A total of 458 patients underwent esophagectomy during the study time period, of whom 440 patients were eligible to be included in the study. Forty-four patients developed postesophagectomy DH. Thirty-six patients with DH were asymptomatic, whereas 8 had hernia-related symptoms. Only 7 cases were prospectively reported by the radiologists. Of the 37 cases not reported by the radiologists, 6 required surgical intervention during the follow-up. Conclusions: Postesophagectomy DH is difficult to diagnose clinically but is usually apparent on cross-sectional imaging. Some asymptomatic patients may develop hernia-related complications, which significantly increases the mortality rate. Hence, radiologists need to be aware of this rare postoperative complication and should report this finding so that affected patients can be optimally managed by surgeons.
Licit and illicit substance use among people who inject drugs and the association with subsequent suicidal attempt.

AIM To estimate associations between recent licit and illicit substance use and subsequent suicide attempt among people who inject drugs (PWID). DESIGN Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study of PWID followed bi-annually between 2004 and 2011. SETTING Montréal, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and ninety-seven PWID who reported injection drug use in the previous 6 months, contributing to a total of 4460 study visits. The median number of visits per participant was five (interquartile range: 3-8). MEASUREMENTS An interviewer-administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic factors, detailed information on substance use patterns and related behaviours, mental health markers and suicide attempt. The primary exposure variables examined were past-month use of alcohol [heavy (≥ 60 drinks); moderate (one to 59 drinks); none], sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine and opioids [regular (≥ 4 days); occasional (1-3 days); none]. The outcome was a binary measure of suicide attempt assessed in reference to the previous 6 months. FINDINGS In multivariate analyses, a positive association was found among licit substances between heavy alcohol consumption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.75], regular use of sedative-hypnotics (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.21-2.95) and subsequent attempted suicide. Among illicit substances, occasional use of cannabis (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.09-3.13) had a positive association with subsequent suicide attempt. No statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances. CONCLUSION Among people who inject drugs, use of alcohol, sedative-hypnotics and cannabis, but not cocaine, amphetamine or opioids, appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of later attempted suicide.
Cell cycle regulation of the yeast Cdc7 protein kinase by association with the Dbf4 protein

Yeast Cdc7 protein kinase and Dbf4 protein are both required for the initiation of DNA replication at the G1/S phase boundary of the mitotic cell cycle. Cdc7 kinase function is stage-specific in the cell cycle, but total Cdc7 protein levels remained unchanged. Therefore, regulation of Cdc7 function appears to be the result of posttranslational modification. In this study, we have attempted to elucidate the mechanism responsible for achieving this specific execution point of Cdc7. Cdc7 kinase activity was shown to be maximal at the G1/S boundary by using either cultures synchronized with alpha factor or Cdc- mutants or with inhibitors of DNA synthesis or mitosis. Therefore, Cdc7 kinase is regulated by a posttranslational mechanism that ensures maximal Cdc7 activity at the G1/S boundary, which is consistent with Cdc7 function in the cell cycle. This cell cycle-dependent regulation could be the result of association with the Dbf4 protein. In this study, the Dbf4 protein was shown to be required for Cdc7 kinase activity in that Cdc7 kinase activity is thermolabile in vitro when extracts prepared from a temperature-sensitive dbf4 mutant grown under permissive conditions are used. In vitro reconstitution assays, in addition to employment of the two-hybrid system for protein-protein interactions, have demonstrated that the Cdc7 and Dbf4 proteins interact both in vitro and in vivo. A suppressor mutation, bob1-1, which can bypass deletion mutations in both cdc7 and dbf4 was isolated. However, the bob1-1 mutation cannot bypass all events in G1 phase because it fails to suppress temperature-sensitive cdc4 or cdc28 mutations. This indicates that the Cdc7 and Dbf4 proteins act at a common point in the cell cycle. Therefore, because of the common point of function for the two proteins and the fact that the Dbf4 protein is essential for Cdc7 function, we propose that Dbf4 may represent a cyclin-like molecule specific for the activation of Cdc7 kinase.
Does the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Rheumatoid Arthritis Capture Occupational Therapy Practice? A Content-Validity Study

Background. The ICF Core Sets for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) constitute an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Purpose. To explore whether the ICF Core Sets for RA include the areas of functioning and environmental factors that are typically treated by occupational therapists in their clinical everyday practice with clients with RA. Methods. In a three-round survey occupational therapists were asked about their intervention goals when treating clients with RA. The identified goals were grouped into goal classes that were then linked to the ICF. Results. 41 occupational therapists in nine countries named 533 intervention goals that were grouped into 48 goal classes and then linked to ICF categories of all ICF components. The goal classes self-confidence, relaxation and psycho-social well-being are not represented in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for RA. Conclusion. The validity of the ICF Core Set for RA from the perspective of occupational therapists was largely confirmed.
Childhood sexual abuse and women's substance abuse: national survey findings.

OBJECTIVE Clinical studies have found elevated rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in women seeking treatment for alcohol or drug abuse, and elevated rates of alcohol and drug disorders among female psychiatric patients with histories of CSA. The present study examines the relationship of CSA to women's use of alcohol and other drugs in a large, nationally representative sample of U.S. women. METHOD As part of a national survey of women's drinking, 1,099 women were asked about sexual experiences occurring before age 18. Women who reported sexual experiences classified as abusive were compared to women without histories of CSA on nine measures of substance use, self-perception of anxiousness, the occurrence of one or more lifetime depressive episodes, five measures of sexual dysfunction, and early onset of masturbation and consensual sexual intercourse. RESULTS Results of logit analyses, controlling for age, ethnicity and parental education, indicated that women with histories of CSA were significantly more likely than women without CSA histories to report recent alcohol use, intoxication, drinking-related problems and alcohol dependence symptoms; lifetime use of prescribed psychoactive drugs and illicit drugs; depression and anxiety; pain that prevented intercourse; and consensual sexual intercourse before age 15. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this U.S. national sample support those of previous clinical studies and suggest that women's experience of sexual abuse in childhood may be an important risk factor for later substance abuse, psychopathology and sexual dysfunction. Implications of these findings for future research, treatment and prevention are discussed.
Efficacy and safety of a retrieval hook for removal of retrievable expandable tracheobronchial stents.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of use of a retrieval hook for removal of retrievable expandable tracheobronchial stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS With fluoroscopic guidance, a retrieval hook was used to remove 45 retrievable expandable tracheobronchial stents in 31 patients. Indications for stent removal included tissue hyperplasia (n = 16), stent migration (n = 10), stent misplacement (n = 2), tumor overgrowth (n = 2), persistent gastrobronchial fistula (n = 1), and incompletely expanded stent (n = 1). Thirteen stents were electively removed after temporary use. The success rate, causes of failure, and complications related to stent removal with a retrieval hook were analyzed. RESULTS Forty-one of 45 stents (91.1%) were successfully removed with a retrieval hook. The following difficulties were encountered: disruption of the polyurethane membrane (n = 3) and an untied drawstring (n = 1). The removal procedure failed in four cases (8.9%) because of excessive tissue hyperplasia (n = 4) in the proximal portion of the stent. The hook wire fractured in two of the four failed cases. The overall complication rate was 4.4% (minor bleeding, n = 2). CONCLUSION For complications with or temporary use of retrievable expandable tracheobronchial stents, removal with a retrievable hook shows promising initial results.
Romanians: a history

Part 1 Early times: origins - Thracians, Dacians, and Romans. "The Seal of Rome", the Dark Ages - rise of a people. Part 2 The Middle Ages (c. 1300-1716): society - was there a Romanian feudalism? the economy, social classes, political structures, the Romanians of Transylvania "International status and foreign policy" - foreign policy goals, means and methods, the international status of the principalities "Medieval Civilization - Byzantium after Byzantium" - the cultural setting, cultural institutions, literature, ideas, and the arts. Part 3 Despotism and enlightenment (1716-1831): "Phanariots and Habsburgs" - the phanariot period, economy and social life, social classes, the Habsburgs in Transylvania "Reform and Revolution" - enlightened despotism, the Boyar reforms, the age of revolutions "Enlightenment and Nationalism" - between east and west, the Romanian enlightenment, the rise of national consciousness. Part 4 The age of national revival (1831-1918): "Capitalism and Modernization" - the economy, from crafts to large industry, commerce, social structure, politics, institutions, and the power structure political life - domestic policy, foreign, World War I and the formation of Greater Romania "National Culture" - civilization, cultural modernization, ideological movements. Part 5 From Greater Romania to popular democracy (1918-47): "Greater Romania" - the political regime, the economy, society "The authoritarian Regimes" - the royal dictatorship, the national legionary state, the military dictatorship "From Authoritarianism to Totalitarianism" - the international context, the communist takeover, the people's democracy. Part 6 Communism in Romania (1948-83): "From Stalinism to Detente at Home and Abroad" - the Stalinist model - economy, politics, culture, foreign policy and the beginnings of liberalization "The Rise of Neo-Stalinism" - detente, the cult of personality and dynastic socialism. Part 7 Romania in the mid-1980s: economic performance, the standard of living, the role of the ruling class, societal responses. Epilogue: the 1989 Revolution and the collapse of Communism in Romania, Matei Calinescu and Vladimir Tismaneanu.
Immunohistochemical localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the guinea pig bowel and pancreas

Although nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are known to be present on neural elements in both the bowel and the pancreas, the precise location of these receptors has not previously been determined. Immunocytochemistry, by using a rat monoclonal antibody (mAb35), which recognizes α‐bungarotoxin (α‐Bgt)‐insensitive nAChRs, and a polyclonal antibody raised against the α‐Bgt‐sensitive receptor subunit, α7, was used to locate receptor protein in guinea pig gut and pancreas. mAb35‐receptor (mAb35‐R) immunoreactivity was abundant in both enteric plexuses, enterochromaffin cells, and pancreatic ganglia. Immunostaining was associated with the cell membrane, and clusters of mAb35‐R were observed on cell somas and dendrites. Receptor immunoreactivity was also observed on terminals and axons, suggesting that a subset of nAChRs is presynaptic. Internal sites of mAb35‐R were observed in permeabilized ganglia. Cells expressing the receptors were closely associated with ChAT‐immunoreactive nerve fibers. In addition, the majority of ChAT‐positive neurons expressed both cell surface and internal stores of mAb35‐R. In the bowel, clusters of mAb35‐R were present on the soma and dendrites of Dogiel type I motorneurons and secretomotor neurons. Receptors were detected at the plasma membrane of calbindin‐immunoreactive myenteric neurons. In contrast, calbindin‐immunoreactive submucosal neurons did not express cell surface mAb35‐R, supporting the idea that they are sensory neurons. A subset of enteric neurons expressed both mAb35‐R and glutamate receptor (GluR1) immunoreactivity. In the pancreas, mAb35‐R immunoreactivity was only observed in ganglia. α7‐immunoreactivity was found on both enteric cell bodies and nerve fibers. Based on these results, it appears that visceral nAChRs are composed of at least four subunits and that both pre‐ and postsynaptic nAChRs are present in the gut and pancreas. J. Comp. Neurol. 390:497–514, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.