Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employability, Skills Mismatch and Spatial Mismatch in Metropolitan Labour Markets

The skills mismatch and spatial mismatch perspectives are often presented as competing explanations of the spatial distribution of unemployment within metropolitan areas. This paper argues that the spatial mismatch hypothesis addresses some of the shortcomings of the skills mismatch perspective, while not denying the importance of skills mismatch. The development of the spatial mismatch hypothesis in the US is traced, before considering its relevance in the British context. A framework in which to conceptualise and reconcile skills mismatch and spatial mismatch within metropolitan areas is developed, incorporating the operation of local housing and labour markets as well as the role of commuting. The paper concludes by arguing that skills and spatial mismatches reinforce each other and that the concept of employability offers some potential to help understand how job searchers and employers make decisions in situations of skills and/or spatial mismatch. The implications for future research are highlighted.
Segmenting European Tourists by Nationality: An Investigation of Visitors to Attractions on the Danish Island of Funen

Market segmentation has long been recognized as an important issue for the travel and tourism industry. Several approaches to defining market segments have been suggested, including nationality as one of the most controversial segmentation variables. It has been debated whether or not the formation of the European Union has caused a trend towards homogenization of cultures in the European countries, thereby making nationality a less useful segmentation construct. The purpose of this article is to discuss and empirically illustrate the value of a nationality‐based segmentation strategy for tourist marketers. To fulfil this purpose the article first discusses the rationale for tourist marketers to apply a nationality‐based segmentation strategy. Next, for further empirical investigation a framework is suggested highlighting relevant aspects associated with tourists' visits to attractions. The usefulness of nationality‐based segmentation is exemplified from a substantial dataset based on tourists visiting one out of six selected attractions situated on the Danish island of Funen. The study identifies five nationalities from which the attraction visitors can be segmented and targeted with different promotional programmes. These five segments constitute 95% of the total sample of tourists, making nationality‐based targeting obviously attractive. The results reveal significant differences between nationalities and provide guidelines for the allocation of promotional resources and development of marketing strategies for each segment.
Industry Specialization by Auditors

Dramatic changes in recent years in the audit market suggest the timeliness of an investigation of trends in auditor concentration and an extension of prior research (e.g., Danos and Eichenseher 1982). In recent press, large audit firms have claimed that specialization is a goal of increasing importance. Peat Marwick, for example, has restructured along industry lines, claiming to be recruiting professionals for national teams of multidisciplinary experts organized to “focus on the same industry to serve clients optimally. ” On the other hand, litigation concerns might prompt auditors to diversify their risks by diversifying their clientele. In this study, we examine trends in industry specialization from 1976 to 1993 and the industry factors which may affect specialization; whether market share increases are greater for audit firms classified as specialists; and whether the nation's largest audit firms have increased their market share in the industries which they have identified as their focus industries.
Q172H Replacement Overcomes Effects on the Metabolism of Cyclophosphamide and Efavirenz Caused by CYP2B6 Variant with Arg262

There are a number of reports indicating that CYP2B6*6 (c.516G>T and c.785A>G) is responsible for decreased clearance of efavirenz (EFV), although increased disposition of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in individuals with this polymorphism was observed. Thus, we hypothesized that the effects of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2B6*6 on the metabolism of drugs might be considerably different between these two agents. To clarify this possibility, we expressed two major variants of this enzyme, CYP2B6.6 (Q172H and K262R) and CYP2B6.4 (K262R), and investigated metabolic activities of these variants toward EFV and CPA. Kinetic analyses clearly indicated that CYP2B6.4 possessed enhanced metabolic activity toward EFV compared with that of the wild-type enzyme (CYP2B6.1), whereas CPA was metabolized less efficiently by CYP2B6.4 than by CYP2B6.1. On the other hand, CYP2B6.6 showed a completely opposite character, suggesting that Q172H gives inverse effects on metabolic activities of CYP2B6 affected by K262R. Although it is recognized that effects of amino acid change in cytochrome P450 on the metabolic activity depend on substrates, this study revealed SNPs giving an opposite effect on the metabolism of two clinically important drugs currently used. Furthermore, this study provides the first evidence that Q172H can reverse the direction of the effect caused by K262R in CYP2B6 on the metabolism of certain drugs.
Characterization of newborns with nonimmune hydrops fetalis admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.

PURPOSE To determine the incidence and characteristics of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in the newborn population. METHOD A retrospective study of the period between 1996 and 2000, including all newborns with a prenatal or early neonatal diagnosis of nonimmune hydrops fetalis, based on clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The following were analyzed: prenatal follow-up, delivery type, gender, birth weight, gestational age, presence of perinatal asphyxia, nutritional classification, etiopathic diagnosis, length of hospital stay, mortality, and age at death. RESULTS A total of 47 newborns with hydrops fetalis (0.42% of live births), 18 (38.3%) with the immune form and 29 (61.7%) with the nonimmune form, were selected for study. The incidence of nonimmune hydrops fetalis was 1 per 414 neonates. Data was obtained from 21 newborns, with the following characteristics: 19 (90.5%) were suspected from prenatal diagnosis, 18 (85.7%) were born by cesarean delivery, 15 (71.4%) were female, and 10 (47.6%) were asphyxiated. The average weight was 2665.9 g, and the average gestational age was 35 3/7 weeks; 14 (66.6%) were preterm; 18 (85.0 %) appropriate delivery time; and 3 (14.3%) were large for gestational age. The etiopathic diagnosis was determined for 62%, which included cardiovascular (19.0%), infectious (9.5%), placental (4.8%), hematologic (4.7%), genitourinary (4.8%), and tumoral causes (4.8%), and there was a combination of causes in 9.5%. The etiology was classified as idiopathic in 38%. The length of hospital stay was 26.6 +/- 23.6 days, and the mortality rate was 52.4%. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of a suitable etiopathic diagnosis associated with prenatal detection of nonimmune hydrops fetalis can be an important step in reducing the neonatal mortality rate from this condition.
Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from peripheral blood and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly.

INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for regenerative medicine, but due to the heterogeneity of their populations, different sources and isolation techniques, the characteristics defining MSCs are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of MSCs derived from two different human tissues: peripheral blood (PB-MSCs) and umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly (UC-MSCs). METHODS The PB-MSC and UC-MSC were isolated by adherence to plastic after gradient-density separation or an explant culture method, respectively, and compared regarding their morphology, clonogenic efficiency, proliferating rates, immunophenotype and differentiation potential. RESULTS MSCs derived from both sources exhibit similar morphology, proliferation capacity and multilineage (osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic) differentiation potential. Differences were observed in the clonogenic capacity and the immunophenotype, since UC-MSCs showed higher CFU-F (colony-forming units-fibroblastic) cloning efficiency, as well as higher embryonic markers (Na-nog, Sox2, SSEA4) expression. When additional surface antigens were analyzed by flow cytometry (CD44, CD90, CD105, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD235a) or immunofluorescent labeling (vimentin, STRO-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin), most appeared to have similar epitope profiles irrespective of MSC source. CONCLUSION The results obtained demonstrated that both MSCs represent good alternative sources of adult MSCs that could be used in cell therapy applications.
Understanding the Shopping Motivation of Mainland Chinese Tourists in Hong Kong

This study aims to apply Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in understanding Mainland Chinese tourists’ motivation to shop in Hong Kong. A sequential mixed method, using focus group interviews and a survey, was employed. The interview findings were used to map Mainland Chinese tourists’ shopping motivation on to Maslow’s Hierarchy by modifying the original five levels into four. Seven underlying dimensions of shopping motivation were then identified from an exploratory factor analysis of the survey data. The results partially demonstrate that Mainland Chinese tourists with more experience of shopping in Hong Kong placed more emphasis on higher-level motivational factors. The theoretical contribution of this study is its application of Maslow’s theory to this type of motivation among Mainland Chinese while, on a practical level, the findings will help destination marketing organizations and retailers formulate strategies that will suit the needs of Mainland Chinese tourists and encourage them to shop more often in Hong Kong and to spend more.
Strategic leadership and management in the Philippines: dynamics of gender and culture

A recent study of Filipina1 managers and entrepreneurs found that the meaning of strategic leadership and managerial behaviour in the Philippines was embedded in culture and gender dimensions. The study examined industry peer and employee perceptions and expectations of strategic leaders and strategic managers in the Philippines, and the ways in which effective Filipina business leaders in Metro Manila enact their roles in everyday work situations. Many effective Filipina business leaders integrated direct power roles—traditionally associated with male Filipinos—indirect power and influence strategies, and formal position power to achieve their strategic objectives. Gendered values in perceptions and expectations of women in leadership are identified, as are the ways in which effective leaders reconciled these tensions. The ways in which Filipino businesswomen integrated ethical leadership practices with gender role expectations and cultural dynamics are also analysed. The paper concludes that dimensions of business leadership must be examined through multiple lenses of gender as well as culture for a more complete understanding of effective strategic leadership and management. Bet H. Roffey is Senior Lecturer in the School of Commerce at the Flinders University of South Australia. Major research interests include strategic planning and strategic management, executive decisionmaking, international business management and leadership, and women in management (International). She has also practiced as Psychologist with the Commonwealth Government of Australia as well as holding nongovernment management and social policy executive positions.
Technology Transfer Through Imports

While there is general agreement that technology differences must figure prominently in any successful account of the cross-country income variation, not much is known on the source of these technology differences. This paper examines cross-country income differences in terms of factor accumulation, domestic R&D, and foreign technological spillovers. The empirical analysis encompasses seventeen industrialized countries in four continents over three decades, at a level disaggregated enough to identify innovations in a number of key high-tech sectors. International technology transfer is found to play a crucial part in accounting for income differences. We also relate technology transfer to imports, showing that imports are often a major channel. At the same time, our analysis highlights that international technology transfer varies importantly across industries and countries.
An Examination of Longevity of Impact of an International Practicum Experience on Teachers' Beliefs and Practices Four Years Later

In March 2009, seventeen preservice teachers and their Faculty of Education supervisors spent three weeks living in rural Kenya and teaching in the schools built and supported by a well-known NGO. The impact of this experience on the preservice teachers was studied nine months after the trip. Now, over four years later, we have conducted a further phenomenological investigation with two of the original participants to examine their perception of the longevity of impact of this experience on their lives, their careers, and the personal and professional choices they make as a result of their Kenyan experience. Purposive sampling was used to illuminate the richness of individual experience and the philosophical synthesis each participant has undertaken to make strong commitments in their current choices and practices. It is evident that long-term impacts can be realized in relation to teachers’ curriculum views, world views, and sense of personal empowerment from the experience of international practicum experiences in developing countries. Proposals for action by Faculties of Education are recommended.
Short-termism and the appraisal of AMT capital projects inthe US and UK

Over the past two decades, the traditional investment appraisal criteria and techniques used in the evaluation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) have come under increasing scrutiny. Several reasons have been put forward concerning the perceived inadequacy of these traditional approaches. Included among these reasons are the myopic(short-term) focus of the criteria, the difficulty in quantifying benefits associated with AMT, and the treatment of project risk. An empirical study, summarized in this paper, was completed to determine if practitioners have taken the advice of experts and academics. This international study surveyed financial directors and senior executives in the UK and US on several factual and perceptual questions. The results show that the sophisticated investment appraisal techniques, such as discounted cash flow, are perceived to be unsuitable for evaluating AMT projects, and what is preferred by management is a basic financial appraisal method, such as Payback, possibly linked t.
Ownership Structure of Publicly Traded Newspaper Companies and Their Financial Performance

This study examined the effects of ownership structure on the financial performance of publicly traded newspaper companies. The results showed that the level of institutional ownership in a year was negatively associated with the subsequent year's profitability, as measured by return on equity and return on assets. Increased insider ownership in a given year was followed by decreased debt-to-equity ratio in the next year. Agency theory and financial control theory were discussed.
Comparison of single dose 400 mg versus 10‐day 200 mg daily dose ketoconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor

One hundred and twenty patients were entered into a randomized controlled trial comparing a 400 mg single dose of ketoconazole with a 10-day 200 mg daily dose. The trial was carried out to determine (i) whether the single dose regimen may be effective in tropical conditions such as exist in the Philippines where the relative humidity ranges from 74% to 77% at temperatures of 69-73 degrees F, and (ii) whether a 400 mg single dose of ketoconazole is as effective as the standard 10-day 200 mg daily dose. The patients had a moderate degree of infection (25%-50% body surface area using the rule of nines), confirmed by both KOH and Wood's light examinations. They had no topical treatment for 2 weeks and no systemic antifungal intake for at least 1 month prior to the study. Pregnant patients and patients with a history of liver disease were excluded from the study. One hundred and twenty patients were given either Regimen A (two 200 mg tablets as a single dose) or Regimen B (one 200 mg tablet daily for 10 days). Follow-ups were carried out 10 days and 1 month after completion of each treatment regimen, at which point both KOH and Wood's light examinations were repeated. Mycologic cures were defined as both examinations being negative; treatment failures as either one or both examinations remaining positive. Considering the low doses used and the relative safety record of ketoconazole in previous studies, blood examinations including liver enzyme determinations were deemed unnecessary. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the statistical difference between the two regimens at a level of significance of 0.05.
Bolsa or NYSE: Price Discovery for Mexican Shares

Is price discovery and the calibration of news through American Depositary Receipts or Shares, traded in central markets, superseding local discovery in peripheral markets? This question remains very much open as the evidence we present on the durability of price innovations in two major Mexican stocks that are household words provides little support for the inevitable demise of local markets. Rather it appears that such markets may have some advantage in information efficiency that may compensate for the extra costs.
Statistical analysis of tablet breakability methods.

PURPOSE Using a model tablet, the influence of breakability methodology on mass uniformity of half- and quarter-tablets as well as the comparison of different data acquisition and evaluation approaches were investigated. Moreover, different breakability evaluation criteria were compared based upon distribution as well as distribution-free models. METHODS A cross-scored tablet, i.e. having two break-marks, was broken by different methods by different persons, and the masses determined for the whole (unbroken) tablets, the half-tablets and quarter-tablets. RESULTS Beside the possible interaction between the methodology and the person breaking the tablets, the major factor significantly influencing the mass uniformity of broken tablets is the breakability methodology. The best results, i.e. smallest loss and smallest variability, are obtained when the breaking force applied by the thumbs is directed towards the score side of the tablet, i.e. by "opening" the score. Using our model tablet, significant differences between the different evaluation criteria are observed, with the USP/NF approach being best in line with the detailed analysis of all broken tablets. CONCLUSIONS Assuming that for this model tablet the variance is a linear function of the break-line length, the standard deviation of quarter-tablets is theoretically calculated to be 0.87 times the standard deviation of the half-tablets. As the absolute standard deviation, expressed in mass units, will thus remain approximately identical, the relative standard deviation will nearly double as the mean mass of the quarter-tablets will be half of the mean mass of the half-tablets. This was experimentally confirmed.
BOOMING SECTOR AND DUTCH DISEASE ECONOMICS: SURVEY AND CONSOLIDATION

THIS paper aims to consolidate a growing literature on booming sector economics and the Dutch Disease. The term Dutch Disease refers to the adverse effects on Dutch manufacturing of the natural gas discoveries of the nineteen sixties, essentially through the subsequent appreciation of the Dutch real exchange rate. ' The paper is also intended to fill some theoretical gaps, notably in sections 5 (immigration), 6 (endogenous terms of trade effects), 7 (domestic absorption) and 10 (dynamics). The issues have been widely discussed in many countries, notably the oil exporters. The key article in the British discussion on the effects of North Sea oil is Forsyth and Kay (1980). 2 Booming Sector models can also illuminate many historical episodes where there have been sectoral booms, with adverse general equilibrium effects on other sectors. Thus there is wide scope for application in economic history. For example, Forsyth and Nicholas (1983) have interpreted the consequences on Spanish industry of the inflow of American treasure in the sixteenth century in Dutch Disease terms. Cairnes (1859) recognised that the gold discoveries in Australia in the eighteen fifties had Dutch Disease effects on some Australian industries, and this episode has recently been studied in Maddock and McLean (1983).
Ownership Structure, Financial Decisions and Institutional Setting: An International Analysis Through Simultaneous Equations

We analyze the mutual relations among firms’ capital structure, ownership structure, and valuation. Through the estimation of a system of simultaneous equations for a sample of 1,130 firms from 16 countries from both the common law and the civil law environments, our results confirm the differential effect of ownership structure on firms’ value in each setting. Whereas in civil law firms the higher ownership concentration results in an entrenchment and an alignment effect, in the common law firms higher ownership concentration increases the value of the firm. Second, we corroborate the endogeneity of ownership structure since we find that ownership structure is affected by the value of the firm and by the capital structure. Third, our results suggest that corporate finance decisions are taken simultaneously with other mechanisms of corporate governance and conditional on firms’ valuation.
The Rise and Fall of the Belgian Regionalist Parties

Regionalist parties were very successful in Belgium in the 1960s and 1970s. Their impact on the political system was important, since their regionalist agenda has led to a thorough reform of the state towards a federal logic and to a full split of the party system. Yet, today, the regionalist parties are either gone or struggling for survival and for a significant place in the political debate. In this article we describe the spectacular electoral rise of the regionalist parties and the subsequent search for an electoral niche in a party system where all parties are limiting their electoral presence to their own language group and have therefore all become, to a certain, extent regionalist parties.
Nanomechanical properties of phospholipid microbubbles.

This study uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) force-deformation (F-Δ) curves to investigate for the first time the Young's modulus of a phospholipid microbubble (MB) ultrasound contrast agent. The stiffness of the MBs was calculated from the gradient of the F-Δ curves, and the Young's modulus of the MB shell was calculated by employing two different mechanical models based on the Reissner and elastic membrane theories. We found that the relatively soft phospholipid-based MBs behave inherently differently to stiffer, polymer-based MBs [Glynos, E. ; Koutsos, V. ; McDicken, W. N. ; Moran, C. M. ; Pye, S. D. ; Ross, J. A. ; Sboros, V. Langmuir2009, 25 (13), 7514-7522] and that elastic membrane theory is the most appropriate of the models tested for evaluating the Young's modulus of the phospholipid shell, agreeing with values available for living cell membranes, supported lipid bilayers, and synthetic phospholipid vesicles. Furthermore, we show that AFM F-Δ curves in combination with a suitable mechanical model can assess the shell properties of phospholipid MBs. The "effective" Young's modulus of the whole bubble was also calculated by analysis using Hertz theory. This analysis yielded values which are in agreement with results from studies which used Hertz theory to analyze similar systems such as cells.