Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic Well-Being and Elder Abuse in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

This article examines the distribution of wealth and then tests associations between elder abuse and wealth in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. Data from 896 respondents (60 years old and over) were collected in April 2009. Principal component analysis was used to construct a wealth index, and logistic regressions were performed to test the associations between wealth and elder abuse. Results reveal that about 62% of individuals from poor households face abuse of some kind, whereas only 6% of individuals from rich households do. The test of the relationship between elder abuse and wealth also suggests that individuals from rich households were more likely not to be abused than individuals from poor households. Results of this study may be useful to policy makers developing policies and programs aimed at preventing elder abuse and reducing inequalities in elder abuse in Rajshahi district as well as in the whole of Bangladesh.
An empirical evaluation of key factors contributing to internet abuse in the workplace

Purpose – This study seeks to synthesize theories from communication, psychology and criminologyto examine the factors that influence the two most popular topics in industry – internet abuse andaddiction at the workplace. Design/methodology/approach – The survey results of 351 responseswere analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses and research model using structural equationmodeling. Data were collected in Southern Science Park in Taiwan.Findings – It was found that personality factors such as locus of control and self-esteem significantlyinfluence employees’ internet addictions; and internet addiction significantly impacts employees’internet abuse at the workplace. Practical implications – Employers should pay special attention toemployees’ personalities because they play important roles in internet addiction and internet abuse.Also a good internet policy will be useful especially to a panoptic working environment, which isbecoming popular. Originality/value. his study provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation tobetter understand the two controversial issues in industry. The empirical study validates theimportant theories of locus of control, self-esteem, use and gratification, control, and containment inworkplace surveillance and deviant behavior research
Powerful friends: the institutionalization of corporate accounting practices into an Australian religious/charitable organization

The profile of accounting in the nonprofit sector has been raised substantially in recent years, due to profound changes in the institutional environment in which organizations in that sector operate. One of the factors that has resulted in the adoption of corporate-style financial management techniques, including accounting, in the nonprofit sector, has been the need for such organizations to achieve financial legitimacy. This can be achieved by means of their accounting practices, as they demonstrate a level of financial accountability that proves them to be legitimate recipients of funds from the public, from governments, and increasingly from the corporate sector. Although many nonprofit organizations are implementing more sophisticated accounting systems, little or no attention has been paid to the impact of those changes on individual organizations. Based on a year-long qualitative research study of an Australian religious organization with a large charitable services operation, this paper highlights the substantial impact the adoption of accrual accounting and corporate-style reporting had on its organizational culture, structures and practices. As the profile of accounting increases in similar organizations, and they face challenges in terms of organizational practices and mission imperatives, there will be a growing recognition that accounting technologies imported from the corporate sector may not be entirely appropriate for organizations whose agenda is something other than making a profit.
The relationship between transforming growth factor-β with erythema nodosum leprosum recurring events based on immunoglobulin-m anti phenolic glycolipid-1 and cortisol

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between transforming growth factor (TGF)-β with recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) based on the anti-phenolic glycolipid (PGL)-1 IgM antibody and cortisol in leprosy patients. Methods This research included 44 patients of leprosy MB type; 22 leprosy patients with recurrent ENL reactions as subjects and 22 patients with nonrecurring reaction as controls. We examined the serum levels of TGF-β by ELISA using Human TGF-β Bio legend kit (USA), anti-PGL-1 IgM antibody with the Laboratory of Leprosy Institute of Tropical Disease kit, Airlangga University Surabaya, and cortisol using Stress Xpress Cortisol EIA kit (StressMarq Canada). Results There were 22 subjects with recurrent ENL reaction (16 male, 6 female, mean age 34.9 year). Mean TGF-β was 62.6 ± 30.4 pg/ml, the IgM anti PGL-1 was 2029 ±1687 µg/ml, and the cortisol was 6.61 ± 1.99 µg/dl, and 22 subjects nonrecurring reaction as controls (15 male, 7 female, mean age 47 year) the mean of TGF-β level was 47.2 ± 23 pg/ml, anti PGL-1 IgM antibody was 629 ±1043 µg/ml and the cortisol was 5.07 ± 2.01 µg/dl. The t-independent statistic test the influence of leprosy MB type group to the recurrent ENL reaction and the un-recurrent ENL patients to TGF-β, IgM anti-PGL-1 and cortisol had p value = 0.015, 0.001 and 0.035 ( p <0.05), respectively implying significant difference between subjects and controls. The result of logistic binary test of TGF-β, IgM anti-PGL-1 and cortisol was 0.25, 0.016 and 0.771. This means that IgM anti-PGL-1 has correlation as variable of TGF-β with recurrent ENL. Conclusion There was significant difference between the levels of TGF-β, anti-PGL-1 IgM antibody and cortisol in leprosy patients with the recurrent ENL reaction and those with nonrecurring ENL reaction. There was a correlation between the levels of TGF-β with recurrent ENL based on the IgM anti-PGL-1. The increasing levels of TGF-β and IgM anti-PGL-1 level on patients with leprosy MB type can be a predictor of the recurrent reaction.
BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis occur predominantly in children

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disease of CD1a+/CD207+ dendritic cells. Recurrent BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutations have been reported in LCH. To investigate the relationship among the mutation, clinical findings, and differentiation status of LCH, respectively, we studied 97 cases of LCH by using Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry. The mutually exclusive BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutation rates were 32% and 17.5%, respectively. All MAP2K1 mutations were missense mutations without any in‐frame deletions; 2 new recurrent missense mutations (ie, p.E38K and p.P105S) were also found. More BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutations occurred in children compared with those in adult patients (P = .001), and BRAF mutation was correlated with relapse (P = .009). To the differentiation‐related markers, the BRAF/MAP2K1‐mut LCH expressed CD14 but rarely expressed CD83 or CD86 (P < .001). On the contrary, BRAF/MAP2K1‐wt LCH cells rarely expressed CD14 but expressed CD86, and some also expressed CD83 (P < .001). This indicated that the BRAF/MAP2K1‐mut LCH cells had a more immature state than BRAF/MAP2K1‐wt LCH cells. Moreover, we also found the BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutations were significantly associated with pERK expression (P < .001). Therefore, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway might play a more important role in children than in adult patients with LCH.
Putting Digital Literacy in Practice: How Schools Contribute to Digital Inclusion in the Network Society

In the sociology of childhood and youth, children have been conceptualized as passive subjects on hold, still in the process of becoming—rather than in an effective state of being. In effect, children have been conceptualized as the subjects rather than the objects of the research process. This influence got carried over to digital divide research. The latest thinking in the field has started to define and understand children and young people as heterogeneous, nonpassive, autonomous, diverse, and versatile agents actively appropriating the Internet in meaningful contexts of their everyday lives. This article seeks to move the discourse forward via four parallel binary logistic regressions that assess diverse and socially mediated opportunities needed to learn basic digital skills from a representative sample of 6,602 primary and secondary students from 350 schools and high schools in Catalonia, Spain. Our research shows that the school appears to be playing a secondary role, as compared with children and young people's social practice in heterogenic contexts of everyday life, not only for Internet training but also for providing opportunities to develop and master basic digital skills.
Rare Combination of Developing Unerupted Paramolar and Distomolar inMaxilla: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Supernumerary molars are relatively rare entities in maxillofacial region which can be classified broadly into distomolars and paramolars. Usually these occur singly and unilaterally. Occurrence of both paramolar and distomolar together is a very rare finding. This paper reports an unusual occurrence of combination of developing unerupted paramolar and distomolar follicles in the maxilla which was an incidental finding in the Orthopantamograph of a 13 year old girl. Patient was asymptomatic, hence was kept under observation and follow up. This paper describes the incidence and prevalence, possible etiological factors, complications, treatment options for supernumerary molars along with review of literature.
A STUDY ON THE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTION IN ITES/BPO SECTOR

This paper aims at testing a conceptual model connecting variables of the internal and external work environment to ITES/BPO employee turnover. In India over the past few years, the ITES/BPO sector has been growing in leaps and bounds. This has also posed certain Human Resource challenges to the practitioners and the biggest challenge of them happens to be the retention of the ambitious and the transitory workforce in these sectors. In this paper, employee turnover intention is studied from two dimensions: individual- and organization- level. Based on the gaps identified from the literature, the study seeks to examine the influence of the intervening variables such as organizational commitment on turnover intentions of employees. Applying mediation multiple regression technique, an empirical examination was conducted. The results based on 208 employees’ responses from 5 organizations, indicated that antecedents of turnover in the conceptual model of the present study were significantly associated with employee turnover intention mediated by organizational commitment. Results of the mediated regression analyses found that organizational commitment is a significant mediator between organizational justice, satisfaction and organizational support viz-a-viz turnover intentions. The findings suggest that organizations need to focus on how to foster commitment, enhance job satisfaction and to provide support to facilitate employee retention. Finally, the implications for organizational research, managerial practice and the need for future research are discussed.
Hybrid Repair of Aortic Arch Aneurysms with Endografting of the Ascending Aorta

Different “hybrid” techniques that combine open debranching of the supra‐aortic vessels with endografting of the aortic arch have emerged as alternatives to the open arch repair in high‐risk patients. This study aims to review the early and mid‐term results of single‐stage hybrid arch repair with ascending aorta stent graft deployment for aortic arch aneurysms and dissections.
Building a sustainable business: a guide to developing a business plan for farms and rural businesses

Library of Congress Cataloging In Publication Data Building a sustainable business : a guide to developing a business plan for farms and rural businesses / by the Minnesota Institute for Sustainable Agriculture. p. cm. – (Sustainable Agriculture Network handbook series ; bk. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-888626-07-0 (pbk.) The SARE program provides information to everyone, without regard to race, religion, national origin, sex, age, disability, familial or veteran status. Every effort has been made to make this publication as complete and as accurate as possible. It is only a guide, however, and should be used in conjunction with other information sources and in consultation with other financial and production experts. The editors/authors and publisher disclaim any liability, loss or risk, personal or otherwise , which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this publication. Mention, visual representation or inferred reference of a product, service, manufacturer or organization in this publication does not imply endorsement by the USDA, the SARE program, MISA or the authors. Exclusion does not imply a negative evaluation. This publication was developed through the Minnesota Institute for Sustainable Agriculture's (MISA) Sustainable Agriculture Information Exchange program, a clearinghouse of sustainable agriculture information and materials in Minnesota. MISA is a partnership between the University of Minnesota Extension and College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences and the Sustainers' Coalition, a group of individuals and community-based, nonprofit organizations. MISA's purpose is to bring together the agricultural community and the University community in a cooperative effort to develop and promote sustainable agriculture in Minnesota and beyond. SARE is a national grants and outreach program working to advance sustainable innovation to the whole of American agriculture. The Center for Farm Financial Management at the University of Minnesota cooperated in the development of this publication. The Center's mission is to improve the farm financial management abilities of agricultural producers and the professionals who serve them through educational software and training programs. Business planning is an important part of owning and managing a farm. Producers traditionally go through the business planning process to: • Evaluate production alternatives; • Identify new market opportunities; and • Communicate their ideas to lenders, business partners and family. As agricultural entrepreneurs define and create themselves away from more " conventional " farming models, business planning has become more important than ever. Producers considering innovative management …
Determinants Of Impoverishment Due To Out Of Pocket Payments In Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Poverty is an extreme consequence of out of pocket payments in countries with health systems that do not provide financial risk protection through mandatory health insurance coverage for people in both the formal and informal sectors. The study assessed the determinants of impoverishment due to out of pocket payments in Nigeria. METHODS Secondary data from the Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) of 2009/10 was utilized to assess factors associated with impoverishment in Nigeria. Household and individual characteristics associated with impoverishment were determined using binary logistic regression. A significance level of p<0.05 was used. RESULTS Results show that lack of health insurance, having a member above 65 years, large household size, household socio-economic status, type of illness suffered, type of health facility visited, geo-political zones, education of household heads and location were major determinants of impoverishment due to out of pocket health expenditure. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the study show that most households and individuals are vulnerable to financial risk due to this regressive source of payments for health care services. This explains why the level of poverty keeps increasing in spite of the numerous poverty alleviation programs across the country. Policy makers and political actors need to design a new health system financing policy that will increase financial risk protection for people in both the formal and informal sectors. Governments and decision makers have to focus on health as a determinant of economic well-being.
Differential Effects of Stimulant Medication on Reading Performance of Boys With Hyperactivity With and Without Conduct Disorder

Controversy surrounding stimulant medication, particularly its effects on reading performance, continues to obscure the issue of the use of this drug in classroom situations. The present study emphasized careful differential diagnosis, double-blind and placebo approaches, and curriculum-based dependent measures to address these concerns. Methylphenidate was administered to two groups of boys, ages 8 through 11. The two groups included 27 subjects meeting criteria for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder but not conduct disorder, known as hyperactive disorder (HD), and 28 subjects meeting criteria for both diagnostic categories, known as hyperactive-aggressive (HA). Only four subjects in each group met a discrepancy criterion for learning disabilities (LD). Methylphenidate was administered to both groups at three levels of dosage, along with baseline and placebo conditions. Dependent measures involved both reading recognition and reading comprehension, equivalent across all conditions. No significant results were found for the group with HD in either reading recognition or comprehension, due largely to unusual placebo reactions. Results were generally in the direction predicted for the group with HA, but only significantly so in reading comprehension, and no dose effect was found on this variable. Implications for reading as a dependent measure of medication effects are discussed.
Does Chinese State Control Facilitate Relative Performance Evaluation?

Previous studies of relative performance evaluation (RPE) for executive compensations in Western developed markets have produced mixed findings. This is partly because the dispersion of share ownership in Western capital markets does not closely correspond with the single-principal/multi-agent theoretical setting assumed by Holmstrom (1982). In this study, we exploit the existence of a large number of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China to examine RPE in a setting closer to the theoretical assumption. We find that SOEs are more likely to use RPE for executive compensation than non-SOEs. This is consistent with better cross-firm coordination in executive contracting among SOEs under a common “state” principal than among non-SOEs with dispersed principals similar to Western firms. Furthermore, we find a more pronounced RPE effect among SOEs that are larger or have poorer past performance. This implies that the state principal has greater incentives to monitor strategically important firms or those in distress.
Switching to electronic stores: consumer characteristics and the perception of shopping benefits

The shift from physical (brick and mortar) stores and hard copy catalog stores toward electronic stores (e‐tailing) may be seen as a continuous innovation building on past changes brought about by in‐home shopping methods such as catalog, TV and direct mail. Why are e‐tailers then having such difficulty retaining their customers? In this paper, we examine the influence of consumer characteristics on perception of shopping benefits associated with electronic and physical shopping. Based on a mail survey of upscale US households, the empirical study finds the two shopping formats to be clearly different from each other in terms of perceived shopping benefits. The data supports the influence of individual characteristics (such as age, household income and family composition) as well as past behaviors on the shopping benefits associated with the two modes of shopping.
Transforming “Apathy Into Movement”:The Role of Prosocial Emotions in Motivating Action for Social Change

This article explores the synergies between recent developments in the social identity of helping, and advantaged groups’ prosocial emotion. The authors review the literature on the potential of guilt, sympathy, and outrage to transform advantaged groups’ apathy into positive action. They place this research into a novel framework by exploring the ways these emotions shape group processes to produce action strategies that emphasize either social cohesion or social change. These prosocial emotions have a critical but underrecognized role in creating contexts of in-group inclusion or exclusion, shaping normative content and meaning, and informing group interests. Furthermore, these distinctions provide a useful way of differentiating commonly discussed emotions. The authors conclude that the most “effective” emotion will depend on the context of the inequality but that outrage seems particularly likely to productively shape group processes and social change outcomes.
MODEL PENGUKURAN KINERJA INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DENGAN IB-VAIC DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement of intellectual capital performance of Indonesian syariah banking by modifying the Pulic’s model that popular with the name of VAIC (value added intellectual coefficient). This study was done by documentation and focus group discussion with some financial accounting experts and public accountants. The result show that the main formula to measure IC performance of syariah banking is not too different with Pulic model, it was: iB-VAIC™ = iB-VACA + IB-VAHU + iB-STVA. The different one is the accounts to develop VA. VA in Pulic model was constructed by total revenue, while in iB-VAIC, VA was constructed from syariah activities.
Asian Emerging Markets Private Equity – Challenging Multifold Risks

This paper is about Private Equity Investment in Asian Emerging Markets. A short description of the characteristics of Private Equity and its history is provided. Hence, it reflects the current situation and special requirements of Emerging Markets Private Equity. The implication of all those special conditions leads to a challenging investment environment which requires distinctive investment approach in Emerging Markets Private Equity regarding initial investment placement decision making, monitoring, corporate governance issues as well as viable exit strategies. The paper illustrates value drivers of emerging markets private equity, presents appropriate strategies and their analysis from the investor’s point of view.A thesis submitted to the Bucerius/WHU Master of Law and Business Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Master of Law and Business (“MLB”) Degree.
Controlling Supplier Opportunism in Industrial Relationships

The recent marketing literature reflects a growing interest in relationship management issues. In particular, several recent studies have drawn on transaction cost and agency theory to examine how interfirm relationships are organized. The general premise is that explicit control mechanisms must be deployed in a relationship to manage a partner's potential opportunism. Although previous research has shown that different mechanisms can be used, the tendency has been to examine individual mechanisms in isolation. The authors develop hypotheses about interdependences between different control mechanisms. They also identify some of the contextual factors that influence their use. The framework is tested empirically by examining how chemical manufacturers organize their supplier relationships. The results generally support the hypothesis that firms’ choices among control mechanisms are influenced by contextual factors. Only limited support is found for the hypothesis that interdependencies exist between different mechanisms.