Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLAST CRISIS IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA : EXPERIENCE

Objective: To characterize the Immunophenotypic of the blast cell population in 14 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis (CML-BC) at Princess Iman Research and Laboratory Sciences Center. Methods: Bone marrow or peripheral blood smears from 14 CML-BC patients diagnosed at Princess Iman Research and Laboratory Sciences Center during the years 2001 to 2004 were studied by morphological and cytochemical stain analysis. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed by flow cytometry using a panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies. Results: Cytochemical stain analysis correlated with immunophenotyping results. Twelve patients (86%) were found to have myeloid blast crisis and two patients (14%) had lymphoid blast crisis. The blast crisis were divided into subtypes as de novo acute leukemias: Of the twelve myeloid blast crisis six were differentiated, one had myelomonocytic differentiation, another one had monocytic differentiation and two had megakaryocytic differentiation. In the lymphoid blast crisis one case displayed a mature B cell phenotype while the other case displayed a precursor B cell phenotype. There were two cases transformed to acute myeloid leukaemia after bone marrow transplantation and were diagnosed by cytochemistry only. No T-lymphoid, mixed lineage or undifferentiated blast crisis were observed. The blast cells in both myeloid blast crisis and lymphoid blast crisis displayed the same marker profile as those seen in acute leukemias. CD34 was expressed in all cases of myeloid blast crisis. Coexpression of CD34 and CD7 was observed in one case of myeloid blast crisis with megakaryocytic differentiation. Conclusion: our findings are comparable to those found in the literature. Immunophenotyping is important in distinguishing between a myeloid and lymphoid blast crisis, thus providing clinically useful information for the designing of treatment protocols and the judgment of prognosis. A sub classification as in acute leukemia is possible. A study of cytogenetic characteristics of CML-BC is planned.
In silico exploratory study using structure–activity relationship models and metabolic information for prediction of mutagenicity based on the Ames test and rodent micronucleus assay

The mutagenic potential of chemicals is a cause of growing concern, due to the possible impact on human health. In this paper we have developed a knowledge-based approach, combining information from structure–activity relationship (SAR) and metabolic triggers generated from the metabolic fate of chemicals in biological systems for prediction of mutagenicity in vitro based on the Ames test and in vivo based on the rodent micronucleus assay. In the first part of the work, a model was developed, which comprises newly generated SAR rules and a set of metabolic triggers. These SAR rules and metabolic triggers were further externally validated to predict mutagenicity in vitro, with metabolic triggers being used only to predict mutagenicity of chemicals, which were predicted unknown, by SARpy. Hence, this model has a higher accuracy than the SAR model, with an accuracy of 89% for the training set and 75% for the external validation set. Subsequently, the results of the second part of this work enlist a set of metabolic triggers for prediction of mutagenicity in vivo, based on the rodent micronucleus assay. Finally, the results of the third part enlist a list of metabolic triggers to find similarities and differences in the mutagenic response of chemicals in vitro and in vivo.
Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in rats

This study examined the effects of low frequency magnetic field (MF) on tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine in rats. Rats were made tolerant to morphine by injecting morphine (10 mg/kg, s) once daily for 8 consecutive days. Rats were simultaneously exposed to an MF (50 Hz at 1, 50, and 100 μT for 30 min) before, immediately, or 30 min after injection of morphine, and also exposed to a 0.5, 6, 12, and 30 Hz at 100 μT for 30 min before injection of morphine. The percentage of maximum possible effect of morphine (% MPE) was measured on the 1st, 4th, and 8th days by hot plate test. We observed that MF radiation (50 Hz at 1 µT and 30 Hz at 100 µT) immediately before and MF radiation (50 Hz at 100 µT) after morphine injection prevented the development of morphine tolerance compared to control. Also, we found that exposure to MF (50 Hz at 1, 50, and 100 µT) 30 min after injection of morphine failed to maintain the analgesic effect of morphine. Our results showed that exposure to low frequency electromagnetic field (30 and 50 Hz) immediately before or after the injection of morphine may be a potential method for treating the development of morphine tolerance in rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:618–625, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electromyography of muscles of posture: thigh muscles in males

Previous workers have investigated the activity of the thigh muscles in maintaining the upright position in humans, but there are some criticisms of their observations. Often the number of subjects investigated is not stated or appears to be inadequate, and frequently the posture is not fully defined. Akerblom (1948) stated that he studied twenty-three subjects, but he did not define accurately the posture used and omitted to investigate the muscles of the back of the thigh with the electromyograph. He found that the quadriceps extensor was usually inactive and suggested that the hamstrings actively resist the effect of the body weight unless the knee joints are fixed in maximum extension, in which case the ligaments of the knee joint passively limit extension. Kelton & Wright (1949) defined the posture studied, but investigated only two subjects in both ofwhom they found no activity in the thigh muscles. Floyd & Silver (1950) neither defined their 'standing position' nor stated the number of subjects investigated. They referred to 'a certain position of comfortable stance' in which activity in the thigh muscles is 'practically zero' and to 'bursts of flexor and extensor muscle activity' which corrected deviations from this comfortable position. Goff (1952) found that the hamstrings showed activity if the subjects were 'standing at ease' with the feet close together, but that this activity ceased if the feet were placed 14 in. apart. He gave no indication of the number of subjects investigated.
HLA-DRw Antigens in Mexican-American and Black-American Diabetic Patients

HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens were studied in 67 Mexican-American and 38 black-American diabetic patients who had the onset of their disease before age 31 yr. Control populations consisted of 322 Mexican-American and 367 black-American subjects for HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens. In addition, HLA-DRw antigens were studied in 60 Mexican-American and 34 black-American diabetic patients. Control populations for HLA-DRw antigens consisted of 189 Mexican-American and 145 black-American subjects. We found that juvenile-onset-diabetic patients of Mexican-American origin who had the onset of their disease before age 19 demonstrated a significant increase in HLA-DRw4. HLA-DRw4 was also significantly increased in black-American patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. HLA-DRw2 was not detected in any patient with juvenile-onset diabetes in either ethnic group. A significant association was found between HLA-B18 and HLA-DRw3 in Mexican-American juvenile-diabetic patients. These findings, which are comparable to those in similar Caucasian patients, provide additional information to support the hypothesis that HLA-DRw antigens play a major role in determining the susceptibility to juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus.
Expression of CD163 in dermatofibroma, cellular fibrous histiocytoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: comparison with CD68, CD34, and Factor XIIIa

Background: Distinction between cellular fibrous histiocytomas (FHs) with a deep component and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSPs) can pose diagnostic problems. While CD68, CD34, and Factor XIIIa are helpful in distinguishing between these entities, none are diagnostically absolute. Recent work with CD163, a hemoglobin scavenger receptor, has demonstrated that this marker has high specificity for monocytes, macrophages, and histiocytes. Our goal is to evaluate the utility of CD163 in the diagnosis of dermatofibromas (DFs), cellular FHs, and DFSPs.
[Protective effects of ulinastatin against multiple organic damage after severe burn injury: experimental and clinic studies].

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of ulinastatin (UTI), a human trypsin inhibitor, on the damage to the functions of multiple organs at the early stage of severe burn. METHODS (1) Twelve male mini-pigs, inflicted with III degrees burn with 35% total body surface area (TBSA), were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group A (control group, treated with fluid resuscitation immediately after injury and normal saline by intravenous drip tid) and Group B (UTI-treated group, in addition to fluid resuscitation UTI 5000 U/kg was given one hour after injury, 3 times/day). Blood samples were taken for the determination of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, malonyldiadehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), MB isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-lactate before and 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after injury. (2) Forty hospitalized patients with 50%-70% TBSA partial and full thickness burn, 28 males and 12 females, aged 18-60, were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n = 16, receiving routine fluid resuscitation and wound management and normal saline IV drop bid for 7 days) and UTI treatment group (n = 24, in addition to the routine treatment UTI 400,000 U was given IV drop bid for 7 days). Sixteen healthy volunteers served as controls to undergo blood examination. The average body temperature (T), respiratory rate (R), systole blood pressure (BP) were detected 48 hours after burn. Blood samples were taken to determine the plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and serum TNF-alpha, norepinephrine (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), ALT, AST, CK, CK-MB, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), BUN, and Cr 1, 3, and 7 days after burn. RESULTS (1) The serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, and MDA levels significantly increased, and the serum SOD level significantly decreased 6 hours after burn in the mini-pings in both groups (all P < 0.05), and the changes in Group A were more significant than in Group B (all P < 0.05). The serum AST, CK, CK-MB, BUN, Cr, DAO, and D-lactate levels increased in the mini-pigs of both groups after severe burn in comparison with those before burn (all P < 0.05), especially in Group A in comparison with Group B (all P < 0.05). However, the serum levels of ALT and LDH of Group B did not increase significantly in comparison with those before burn. (2) The serum LPS, TNF-alpha, NE, ALT, AST, CK, CKMB, LDH, BUN, Cr, and MPO significantly increased after burn and began to decrease since the 7th day after burn, and the decrease levels in the UTI group were more significant than in the routine treatment group (all P < 0.05). In the routine treatment group 2 cases of sepsis were found and one case died of multiple organ failure; no complication was found in the UTI treatment group. CONCLUSION UTI can significantly lessen the production of inflammatory mediators and oxygen free radical and protect the functions of multiple organs after severe burn.
Strain-dependent activation of the mouse immune response is correlated with Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis.

AIMS To evaluate the effect of oral infection with three Porphyromonas gingivalis strains on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and its correlation with the mouse immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally infected with P. gingivalis strains 381, 33277 and 53977. After 42 days, maxillae were analysed for ABL using micro-computed tomography and the serum for anti-P.gingivalis IgG1 and IgG2a levels. The cytokine response to P. gingivalis was tested using the subcutaneous chamber model. RESULTS The P. gingivalis 53977-infected group showed the highest ABL, which was significantly different from all other groups (p<0.001). In addition, the humoral response to P. gingivalis 53977 was significantly lower than the response to P. gingivalis 381 and 33277 (p< or =0.01). The IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was higher in the P. gingivalis 33277-infected group (1.6) compared with the P. gingivalis 381-infected group (0.51). Four days post-infection, interleukin (IL)-1beta levels remained significantly higher in the P. gingivalis 53977-infected group only (1198.2+/-260.0, p<0.05), while IL-4 levels remained significantly higher in the P. gingivalis 381-infected group (265.8+/-131.6, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high levels of ABL induced by P. gingivalis 53977 were inversely correlated with the humoral response to this bacterium. In addition, ABL was correlated with an elevated pro-inflammatory response.
Serotonergic sensory-motor neurons mediate a behavioral response to hypoxia in pond snail embryos.

Oxygen (O(2)) is one of the most important environmental factors that affects both physiological processes and development of aerobic animals, yet little is known about the neural mechanism of O(2) sensing and adaptive responses to low O(2) (hypoxia) during development. In the pond snail, Helisoma trivolvis, the first embryonic neurons (ENC1s) to develop are a pair of serotonergic sensory-motor cells that regulate a cilia-driven rotational behavior. Here, we report that the ENC1-ciliary cell circuit mediates an adaptive behavioral response to hypoxia. Exposure of egg masses to hypoxia elicited a dose-dependent and reversible acceleration of embryonic rotation that mixed capsular fluid, thereby facilitating O(2) diffusion to the embryo. The O(2) partial pressures (Po(2)) for threshold, half-maximal, and maximal rotational response were 60, 28, and 13 mm Hg, respectively. During hypoxia, embryos relocated to the periphery of the egg masses where higher Po(2) levels occurred. Furthermore, intermittent hypoxia treatments induced a sensitization of the rotational response. In isolated ciliary cells, ciliary beating was unaffected by hypoxia, suggesting that in the embryo, O(2) sensing occurs upstream of the motile cilia. The rotational response of embryos to hypoxia was attenuated by application of the serotonin receptor antagonist, mianserin, correlated to the development of ENC1-ciliary cell circuit, and abolished by laser-ablation of ENC1s. Together, these data suggest that ENC1s are unique oxygen sensors that may provide a good single cell model for the examination of mechanistic, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of O(2) sensing.
Prospective case-control study of role of infection in patients who reconsult after initial antibiotic treatment for lower respiratory tract infection in primary care

Abstract Objective: To assess direct and indirect evidence of active infection which may benefit from further antibiotics in adults who reconsult within 4 weeks of initial antibiotic management of acute lower respiratory tract infection in primary care. Design: Observational study with a nested case-control group. Setting: Two suburban general practices in Arnold, Nottingham, over 7 winter months. Subjects: 367 adults aged 16 years and over fulfilling a definition of lower respiratory tract infection and treated with antibiotics. 74 (20%) patients who reconsulted within 4 weeks for the same symptoms and 82 “control” patients who did not were investigated in detail at follow up. Main outcome measures: Direct and indirect evidence of active infection at the time of the reconsultation or the follow up visit with the research nurse for the controls. Investigations performed included sputum culture, pneumococcal antigen detection, serial serology for viral and atypical pathogens and C reactive protein, throat swabs for detecting viral and atypical pathogens by culture and polymerase chain reaction, and chest radiographs. Results: Demographic and clinical features of the groups were similar. Two thirds of the 74 patients who reconsulted received another antibiotic because the general practitioner suspected continuing infection. Any evidence of infection warranting antibiotic treatment was uncommon at reconsultation. The findings for the two groups were similar for the occurrence of identified pathogens; chest x ray changes of infection (present in 13%); and C reactive protein concentrations, which had nearly all fallen towards normal. Only three patients in the reconsultation group had concentrations ≥40 mg/l. Pathogens identified at follow up in the 156 patients in both groups included ampicillin sensitive bacteria in six. Atypical infections diagnosed in 27 (Chlamydia pneumoniae in 22) and viral infections in 54 had probably been present at the initial presentation. Conclusion: Our study suggests that active infection, which may benefit from further antibiotics, is uncommon in patients who reconsult after a lower respiratory tract infection, and a repeat antibiotic prescription should be the exception rather than the rule. Other factors, such as patients' perception of their illness, may be more important than disease and infection in their decision to reconsult. Key messages Lower respiratory tract infections are very common, but even if they have been given antibiotics, a fifth to a quarter of patients reconsult and many receive further antibiotics No demographic or clinical features at presentation identify those who may reconsult Direct and indirect evidence of infection warranting antibiotics is uncommon in those who reconsult and no different to those who do not Chlamydia pneumoniae is the commonest infection identified in this study population Antibiotics should be the exception rather than the rule for patients who reconsult
Passive rotation‐induced theta rhythm and orientation homeostasis response

Rhythmic oscillatory activities at the theta frequency (3–12 Hz) have long attracted attention, as they have been implicated in diverse brain functions. There are two kinds of hippocampal theta rhythms: Type 1 is an atropine‐resistant noncholinergic theta rhythm, and Type 2 is an atropine‐sensitive cholinergic theta rhythm. However, it has not yet been determined whether the theta rhythm generated during passive whole‐body rotation is of Type 1 or 2. To clarify this issue, we investigated passive whole‐body rotation‐induced theta rhythm using C57BL/6J normal and atropine‐treated mice. The results demonstrated that atropine [50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], a cholinergic antagonist, abolished the theta rhythm generated during passive whole‐body rotation. Therefore, the passive whole‐body rotation‐induced theta rhythm is an atropine‐sensitive Type 2 theta rhythm. In addition, we found that blocking cholinergic receptors using atropine resulted in the loss of the orientation homeostasis response, which is a circling behavior in the direction opposite to that of the rotating circular treadmill that is generated to maintain a constant orientation. These results suggest that atropine‐sensitive Type 2 theta rhythm can be generated by a passive rotation‐induced vestibular sensory signal and may be necessary for spatial orientation homeostasis response behavior. Synapse 64:409–415, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Chelated Calcium Proteinate Fed in the Maternal Diet of Turkey Breeders on Embryo Cardiac Physiology and Poult Quality

Embryo and hatchling survival diminish as turkey breeder hens age. Recent data indicated that a chelated calcium proteinate (CCP) additive given to turkey breeder hens improved embryo survival as hens aged but did not affect shell thickness. We hypothesized that the mechanism by which this occurred may be by improved functional shell quality and its consequent effect on cardiac physiology. To test the hypothesis, CCP was supplemented to the diet of Large White turkey breeder hens for a 25 week egg production period and compared with controls without supplementation. Eggshell conductance, conductance constants, poult growth and cardiac physiology were measured at weeks 10, 18 and 25 of production. Because elevated temperatures increase heart rates and reduce heart weight and survival, half of the eggs was incubated at 37.9°C whereas the remaining eggs were incubated at 37.5°C. Embryos and poults from the CCP group exhibited increased heart weights and improved cardiac health. The hatching poults from CCP-fed hens also grew faster for the first 3 d of life. We conclude that CCP improves eggshell conductance, and the subsequent eggshell conductance constant (k) of eggs from turkey breeder hens. The change in k improved embryo cardiac health and poult BW after hatching.
Myocardial laser revascularization.

Some patients with severe angina have coronary artery disease which is unsuitable for conventional forms of revascularization — coronary angioplasty/ stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery. These patients have usually undergone previous revascularization procedures and have disease which is diffuse and affects the distal part of the coronary circulation. Transmyocardial laser revascularization, a technique which uses laser ablation to create transmural channels in the ischaemic myocardium usually via a left anterolateral thoracotomy, has been used in recent years to treat such patients. More recently, laser ablation has been carried out from within the left ventricular cavity using a catheter-based approach— percutaneous myocardial laser revascularization. The first reports of transmyocardial laser revascularization using a high-energy carbon dioxide laser were encouraging. A multicentre uncontrolled trial in the U.S.A. recruited 200 patients with advanced coronary artery disease. They reported an improvement in angina score by two Canadian Cardiovascular Society classes in 75% of patients at 3 months. Peri-operative mortality was 9% with a further 9% mortality after a mean of 10 months of follow-up. In an uncontrolled European and Asian registry involving 967 patients there was an improvement in two Canadian Cardiovascular Society classes in 47% of patients. The peri-operative mortality was 9·7% and the peri-operative morbidity included chest/wound infections, transient arrhythmia (usually artrial fibrillation) and left ventricular dysfunction. Clearly, the symptomatic benefits of transmyocardial laser revascularization need to be weighed against the risks of mortality and morbidity. We have recently reported the first prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of transmyocardial laser revascularization compared with medical management in patients with coronary artery disease not amenable to conventional revascularization techniques. One hundred and eighty-eight patients were randomized to either transmyocardial laser revascularization plus their usual medication (94 patients) or to continue with medical therapy alone (94 patients). All patients were required to have a left ventricular ejection fraction of at least 30% and have evidence of reversible myocardial ischaemia on
Ammonium cyanate shows N-H...N hydrogen bonding, not N-H...O.

The transformation of ammonium cyanate into urea, first studied over 170 years ago by Wöhler and Liebig, has an important place in the history of chemistry. To understand the nature of this solid state reaction, knowledge of the crystal structure of ammonium cyanate is a prerequisite. Employing neutron powder diffraction, we demonstrate conclusively that, in the structure of ammonium cyanate, the NH(4)(+) cation forms N-H.N hydrogen bonds to four cyanate N atoms at alternate corners of a distorted cube, rather than our previously proposed alternative arrangement with N-H.O hydrogen bonds to cyanate O atoms at the other four corners.