Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Umbilical Cord Nomogram in 11-15 Weeks of Pregnancy

Objective: To establish umbilical cord nomogram of the first and early second trimester and to determine its relationship with other fetal biometric parameters. Methods: In a cross sectional study during a routine antenatal examination, umbilical cord diameter was measured in 128 singleton cases which were selected prospectively, between the 110-146 weeks of pregnancy. The mean and standard deviations for gestational weeks were calculated, and correlations between cord measurements and gestational week, BPD and CRL were analysed for statistical significance. Results: Umbilical cord diameter was measured 3,02±0.35mm at the 110 gestational weeks, 5.03±0.32mm at the 146 gestational weeks. The correlation between cord diameter (CD) and gestational week (GW) was formulated as: CD=0.69 x GW 4.76 (r:0.84; p< 0.001). In addition, statistically significant linear correlations were found between cord diameter and BPD and CRL (r:0.77; r:0.81). Conclusion: Umbilical cord diameter increases linearly according to gestational week, BPD and CRL during 110-146 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion: Umbilical cord diameter increases linearly according to gestational week, BPD and CRL during 110-146 weeks of pregnancy.
Independent regulation of nifHDK operon transcription and DNA rearrangement during heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120

The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 expresses the genes required for nitrogen fixation in terminally differentiated cells called heterocysts. The nifHDK operon encodes the nitrogenase polypeptides and is expressed at high levels in heterocysts. During heterocyst differentiation, an 11-kb DNA element is excised from the nifD gene by site-specific recombination. The xisA gene, located on the 11-kb element, is required for the excision of the element. Transcription and DNA rearrangement of the nifHDK operon both occur late during heterocyst differentiation, about 18 to 24 h after induction, suggesting that the regulation of these events might be coupled. We show that heterocyst-specific transcription and DNA rearrangement of the nifHDK operon are independent of one another. Northern (RNA) analysis of the xisA mutant strain DW12-2.2, which cannot excise the nifD 11-kb element or fix nitrogen, showed that the nifH and nifD genes are transcribed on unrearranged chromosomes. The nifK gene was not transcribed in DW12-2.2, indicating that its expression is dependent on the nifH promoter and excision of the 11-kb element from the operon. A 1.68-kb DNA fragment containing the nifH promoter was deleted from the chromosome to produce the mutant strain LW1. LW1 formed heterocysts but did not grow on nitrogen-free medium and showed no transcription through nifD. Southern analysis of LW1 showed normal excision of the 11-kb element from the nifHDK operon, indicating that transcription from the nifH promoter is not required for the developmentally regulated DNA rearrangement.
Bacteriological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Aerobic Burn Wound Isolates at a Tertiary Care Institute in Northern India

Burn injury which itself is a life-threatening event is associated with high mortality and morbidity due to associated burn wound infection (BWI). Thermal destruction of the skin barrier and concomitant depression of local and systemic host cellular and humoral immune responses are pivotal factors contributing to infectious complications in patients with severe burns. In burns involving more than 40% of the total body surface area (TBSA) almost 75% of all deaths are either due to sepsis from burn wound infection or infection related complications and/or inhalation injury. The survival rates for burn patients have however improved substantially in the past few decades due to advances in modern medical care in specialized burn centers. Improved outcomes for severely burned patients have been attributed to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary care, burn wound care, and infection control practices. The present study was undertaken to provide an insight into the pattern of the nosocomial burn wound infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern occurring in the burn unit of Government Medical College & Hospital, Jammu. It was found that BWI was significantly common in older age group with type of burn injury, i.e., flame, scald, electric having no influence on the incidence of infection. However patients with higher TSBA were more likely to develop wound infections. There was a transition of bacterial growth form Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus being the most common) during the first week to Gram-negative (Klebsiella species being the most common) in the subsequent weeks of stay. With prolonged hospital stay an increased incidence of BWIs having identical antibiograms was observed.
MEMS-based miniature optical pickup

The technology challenges for miniature optical pickups include high-numerical-aperture objective lens design, servo actuator functions and performance, and component assembly tolerance. In this paper, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based miniature optical pickup is proposed for DVD and blue disk systems. A high-order diffractive objective lens with a continuous surface relief is designed. Focus, tilt, and tracking servos are implanted with MEMS micro actuators. Preliminary design and test results are presented.
A study of students' satisfaction toward blended learning implementation in higher education institution in Indonesia

In today's digital age, electronic learning (e-learning), refers to learning via the Internet, has become a significant trend. Accordingly, the higher education institutions progressively contribute to providing e-learning. This paper describes the first development and implementation of blended learning courses at Sam Ratulangi University (UNSRAT), Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The current work aims to evaluate the implementation of those blended learning courses from students' perspective. This research suggests that for evaluation and revision process, students' contemplation on courses is a crucial factor. Therefore, it would like to investigate what factors are influencing the students' satisfaction. In this paper, the development of the courses based on the instructional design was described. Students' achievements were evaluated from the questionnaire and examination results. The result of the research provides a description of students' satisfaction and further this outcome can be seen as guidance to develop and design blended learning courses in UNSRAT environment.
In vitro cytotoxicity of a glass ionomer cement of a new generation

The new glass ionomer dental cement, ChemFil, was found to be moderately cytotoxic when freshly mixed in vitro. This was assessed by a reduction in fibroblast and macrophage counts following 24 h exposure to the material, and by alterations in enzyme levels and enzyme staining kinetics relative to control cultures. Testing of set samples of the material showed that its toxicity decreased rapidly with setting. ChemFil behaved in a manner similar to two older glass ionomers, ASPA and ChemBond, although it was generally slightly less irritant.
Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Anal cancer is strongly associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of the HPV genome has been identified in 80%–85% of cases. Other important risk factors include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immune suppression in transplant recipients and cigarette smoking. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)may play a secondary role in disease progression.Dietaryhabits, chronic inflammatory diseases and the presence of haemorrhoids do not appear to predispose to epidermoid anal cancer. Previous (gynaecological, lymphoma or leukemia) or subsequent (e.g. lung, bladder, vulva, vagina or breast) malignancy is more likely in anal cancer patients. This observation may reflect a genetic predisposition in some individuals, while in others synchronous or metachronous multicentric epidermoid tumours are related to HPV infection. pathology and biology
Regional cerebral blood flow and its autoregulation in patients with transient focal cerebral ischemic attacks

THE PATHOGENESIS of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) is often not clear. By definition, transient ischemic attacks are provoked by acute but transitory focal cerebral ischemia due to focal failure of the cerebral circulation, but the cause of this circulatory failure is, in most cases, uncertain. Two main theories have been put forward: the hernodynamic and the thromboembolic. The so-calIed hemodynamic theory postulates that the focal brain area is chronically on the brink of ischemia because of lesions of the smaller or larger arteries. The ischemia is rendered manifest by a temporary decrease in perfusion pressure, usually secondary to systemic arterial hypotension. In normal human beings, a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure is quite efficiently counteracted by vasodilatation and cerebral blood flow, therefore, it tends to remain unchanged. This autoregulatory response is chronically abolished in the marginally perfused focal area. In contrast, the thromboembolic theory postulates that transient ischemic attacks are caused by recurrent acute thromboembolic cerebral vascular occlusions of transitory nature due to rapid disappearance of the occlusion by thrombolytic mechanism. This theory predicts that the autoregulation of focal cerebral blood flow would be normal in the chronic symptom-free state between attacks. In order to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of TIA we have, in this study, used the xenon-133 injection method to investigate the regional cerebral blood ffow (rCBF) of patients with TIA. Particular attention has been focused on the autoregulatory response of a large number of cerebral regions.
Mechanism of polysialic acid chain elongation in Escherichia coli K1

Understanding the mechanisms of polysialic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli K1 requires a molecular description of the polymerase complex. Since the number of potential models explaining polysialic acid assembly would be constrained if only one sialyltransferase were required for this process, the phenotypes of a sialyltransferase null mutation generated by transposon mutagenesis were investigated. The chromosomal insertion mutation was mapped by Southern hybridization analysis and by complementation with plasmid subclones, demonstrating that sialyltransferase is encoded by neuS, a gene implicated previously as coding for the polymerase (Vimr et al., 1989). As expected, if only one gene encoded sialyltransferase, the null mutant had undetectable polymerase activity when assayed with endogenous or exogenous acceptors, and accumulated sugar nucleotide precursors intracellularly. Nested deletion analysis of neuS ruled out polarity effects of transposon insertion mutation and provided more precise mapping of the sialyltransferase structural gene. Maxicell analysis of the nested deletion set implicated a 34000 molecular weight polypeptide as the neuS gene product. These results, together with biochemical characterization of sialyltransferase reaction products in the wild type, indicated that CMP‐sialic acid is the probable sialosyl donor for polysialic acid elongation and that chain growth is by sequential addition of monomeric units.
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for severe Parkinson's disease

Subthalamic nucleus (STN) lesions or high‐frequency stimulations could improve parkinsonian symptoms in monkeys treated by MPTP. We have applied the procedure of chronic stimulation to the STN in severely disabled parkinsonian patients. This article presents the case of the first patient operated on bilaterally. Bilateral STN stimulation has greatly improved akinesia and rigidity. The benefit was maintained ≤15 months after surgery. Unilateral stimulation induced motor effects mainly in contralateral limbs. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value of this procedure in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
FNAC and Cell Block Study in Thyroid Lesions

The aim of the study is to highlight the importance of cell-block study in combination with FNAC in the diagnosis of different thyroid lesions. This study was a retrospective study of 30 patients with thyroid swellings who came to cytopathology unit in Sree Balaji Medical College. FNAC and cell-blocks performed for each case was reviewed. Cytological results of FNAC were compared to the cell-block histopathological picture. FNAC findings were diagnosed as follows: 16 (61%) as colloid goiter, 4 (5.8%) as Hashimoto thyroiditis, 2 (5.8%) follicular neoplasm without atypia, 2 (2.3%) as follicular neoplasm with atypia, 2 (2.3%) as suspicious of malignancy, 3 (11.7%) papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 1 (1.1%) thyroid carcinoma of undefined category. Insufficient cases were 5 in number. The sensitivity of FNAC in comparison with histopathological results of cell-blocks was 91.6% and specificity was 97.2%. It is advised to perform cell-block for each case of FNAC of thyroid lesions to decrease the pitfalls and to improve the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions.
A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and DSM-5 acute stress disorder definitions to predict posttraumatic stress disorder and related disorders.

OBJECTIVE This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and DSM-5 definitions of acute stress disorder (ASD) predict subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related psychiatric disorders following trauma. METHOD Patients with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for PTSD at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; DSM-IV definition of PTSD was used at each assessment, and DSM-5 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS Forty-five patients (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 patients (14%) met DSM-5 criteria for ASD. PTSD was diagnosed in 93 patients (9%) at 3, 82 patients (10%) at 12, 100 patients (12%) at 24, and 26 patients (8%) at 72 months; 19 patients (6%) met DSM-5 criteria for PTSD at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with ASD developed PTSD using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and DSM-5 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) ASD definitions. Sensitivity was improved for DSM-5 relative to DSM-IV for depression (0.18 vs 0.30), panic disorder (0.19 vs 0.41), agoraphobia (0.14 vs 0.40), social phobia (0.12 vs 0.44), specific phobia (0.24 vs 0.58), obsessive-compulsive disorder (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized anxiety disorder (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of participants with DSM-5-defined ASD had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS The DSM-5 criteria for ASD results in better identification of people who will subsequently develop PTSD or another psychiatric disorder relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new ASD diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute trauma settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.
Morphometric and Morphological Variation between Two Different Populations of Phlebotomus major s.l. from Endemic and Non-Endemic Foci of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran

ABSTRACT: Populations of Phlebotomus major were examined in two endemic and nonendemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Based on the shape of the aedeagus and ventrally located hairs of coxite and pharyngeal armatures, two morphotypes were found sympatrically in the endemic area of Borazjan. Significant differences in morphometric survey were observed in at least 11 measured characters. The aedeagus of the non-endemic Miyandoab morphotype, and also of a few specimens from Borazjan, is completely parallel throughout its length with a slightly expanded end. Ventrally located hairs of the middle coxite were longer and more compact. It is close morphologically to P. major neglectus (P. neglectus), which was recently recorded from Iran. It is also morphologically similar to P. notus, which has not yet been reported from Iran and needs further investigation. The aedeagus of the morphotype occurring only in Borazjan is narrower in the middle and the hairs are closer to the base of the coxite and are shorter and more outspread, which makes it similar to P. major krimensis or P. neglectus. The two morphotypes occurring sympatrically in Borazjan do not appear to be subspecies and it may be premature to propose them as separate species. Further investigation is needed to clarify the actual status of P. major s. 1. in Iran.
New insight into the anatomy of the hyolingual apparatus of Alligator mississippiensis and implications for reconstructing feeding in extinct archosaurs

Anatomical studies of the cranium of crocodilians motivated by an interest in its function in feeding largely focused on bite force, the jaw apparatus and associated muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve. However, the ossified and cartilaginous elements of the hyoid and the associated hyolingual muscles, innervated by the facial, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves, received much less attention. Crocodilians are known to retain what are ancestrally the ‘Rhythmic Hyobranchial Behaviors’ such as buccal oscillation, but show diminished freedom and movement for the hyobranchial apparatus and the tongue in food transport and manipulation. Feeding among crocodilians, generally on larger prey items than other reptilian outgroups, involves passive transport of the food within the mouth. The tongue in extant crocodilians is firmly attached to the buccal floor and shows little movement during feeding. Here, we present a detailed anatomical description of the myology of the hyolingual apparatus of Alligator mississippiensis, utilizing contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography and dissection. We construct the first three‐dimensional (3D) description of hyolingual myology in Alligator mississippiensis and discuss the detailed implications of these data for our understanding of hyolingual muscle homology across Reptilia. These anatomical data and an evaluation of the fossil record of hyoid structures also shed light on the evolution of feeding in Reptilia. Simplification of the hyoid occurs early in the evolution of archosaurs. A hyoid with only one pair of ceratobranchials and a weakly ossified or cartilaginous midline basihyal is ancestral to Archosauriformes. The comparison with non‐archosaurian reptilian outgroup demonstrates that loss of the second set of ceratobranchials as well as reduced ossification in basihyal occurred prior to the origin of crown‐clade archosaurs, crocodilians and birds. Early modification in feeding ecology appears to characterize the early evolution of the clade. Hyoid simplification has been linked to ingestion of large prey items, and this shift in hyoid‐related feeding ecology may occur in early archosauriform evolution. A second transformation in hyoid morphology occurs within the crocodilian stem lineage after the split from birds. In Crocodyliformes, deflections in the ceratobrachials become more pronounced. The morphology of the hyoid in Archosauriformes indicates that aspects of the hyolingual apparatus in extant crocodilians are derived, including a strong deflection near the midpoint of the ceratobranchials, and their condition should not be treated as ancestral for Archosauria.
Survey of immunoglobulin A protease activity among selected species of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma: specificity for host immunoglobulin A

Because immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the predominant immunoglobulin at mucosal surfaces, IgA proteases produced by pathogenic bacteria are considered potential virulence factors for organisms that cause disease or gain entry at mucous membranes. To determine the role of IgA protease in the pathogenicity of mycoplasmal disease, a variety of human and animal mycoplasma and ureaplasma species were examined for IgA protease activity with human, murine, porcine, and canine IgA. None of the mycoplasma species examined showed detectable IgA protease activity with any of the IgAs tested. Twenty-eight strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated from human urogenital tissues cleaved human IgA1, but no cleavage of human IgA2 or murine, porcine, or canine IgA was observed. Ureaplasmas isolated from nonhuman hosts (feline, canine, avian, and bovine [Ureaplasma diversum]) did not cleave human IgA1. Two strains of canine ureaplasmas were able to cleave canine IgA, but not murine IgA. Thus, ureaplasmas from other species can produce IgA protease, but the specificity of the enzyme was restricted to the IgA of the appropriate host. This finding suggests that IgA proteases could play a role in the selective host specificity of mucosal pathogens.
Identification of three novel mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene associated with altered pre-mRNA splicing or protein function

Abstract Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine, as well as of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Analysis of the DPD gene (DPYD) in two patients presenting with complete DPD deficiency and the parents of an affected child showed the presence of three novel mutations, including one splice site mutation IVS11+1G→T and the missense mutations 731A→C (E244V) and 1651G→A (A551T). The G→T mutation in the invariant GT splice donor site flanking exon 11 (IVS11+1G→T) created a cryptic splice site within exon 11. As a consequence, a 141-bp fragment encoding the aminoacid residues 400–446 of the primary sequence of the DPD protein was missing in the mature DPD mRNA. Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that the E244V mutation might interfere with the electron flow between NADPH and the pyrimidine binding site of DPD. The A551T point mutation might prevent binding of the prosthetic group FMN and affect folding of the DPD protein. The identification of these novel mutations in DPYD will allow the identification of patients with an increased risk of developing severe 5FU-associated toxicity.
Evidence about HIV transmission in prisons.

Studies of risk behavior in prisons show that injection drug users account for up to half the total population, with one-third of those continuing to inject drugs while incarcerated. Many inmates also use tattooing equipment, and five to ten percent engage in sex while in prison. The ten studies of HIV transmission in prisons show widely varying results. Results of studies that showed very small HIV transmission rates are attributed to the studies being conducted early in the epidemic. Retrospective and prospective studies found the rates to be relatively low, while mathematical models and outbreak investigations found much higher levels. Retrospective and prospective studies are probably using a biased survey population, generally with longer-term inmates in higher-security prisons. Conclusive evidence of transmission rates will need to be determined before adequate prevention programs can be designed. Efforts to reduce transmission must focus on reducing the prevalence or frequency of injection drug use.