Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring fall risk and predicting who will fall: clinimetric properties of four fall risk assessment tools for residential aged care.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to describe the clinimetric evaluation of four fall risk assessment tools (FRATs) recommended in best practice guidelines for use in residential aged care (RAC). METHODS Eighty-seven residents, mean age 81.59 years (SD +/-10.69), participated. The Falls Assessment Risk and Management Tool (FARAM), Peninsula Health Fall Risk Assessment Tool (PHFRAT), Queensland Fall Risk Assessment Tool (QFRAT), and Melbourne Fall Risk Assessment Tool (MFRAT) were completed at baseline, and 2 and 4 months, and falls occurring in the 6 months after the baseline assessment were recorded. Interrater agreement (kappa), predictive accuracy (survival analysis and Youden Index), and fit to the Rasch model were examined. Twelve-month fall history formed the predictive accuracy reference. RESULTS Interrater risk classification agreement was high for the PHFRAT (small ka, Cyrillic = .84) and FARAM (small ka, Cyrillic = .81), and low for the QFRAT (small ka, Cyrillic = .51) and MFRAT (small ka, Cyrillic = .21). Survival analysis identified that 43%-66% of risk factors on each tool had no (p > .10) association with falls. No tool had higher predictive accuracy (Youden index) than the question, "has the resident fallen in past 12 months? " (p > .05). All tools did not exhibit fit to the Rasch model, invalidating summing of risk factor scores to provide an overall risk score. CONCLUSION The studied tools have poor clinimetric properties, casting doubt about their usefulness for identifying fall risk factors for those most at risk for falling and measuring fall risk in RAC.
Soil rotifer communities are extremely diverse globally but spatially autocorrelated locally

Bdelloid rotifers are important contributors to biogeochemical cycling and trophic dynamics of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about their biogeographic distribution and community structure in terrestrial environments. This lack of knowledge stems from a lack of phylogenetic information and assumptions that microbial eukaryotes are globally distributed and have very limited diversity across vast geographic distances. However, these assumptions have been based more on assessments of their morphology than any measure of their true genetic diversity and biogeographic distribution. We developed specific primers for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of bdelloid rotifers and amplified and cloned sequences using a nested sampling scheme that represented local (0–10 m) to global (up to 10,000 km) scales. Using phylogenetic community analyses (UniFrac) and geospatial statistics (semivariograms, mantel tests), we were able to reject the hypothesis that communities of rotifers are the same across even fairly small geographic distances. Bdelloid communities showed highly significant spatial structuring with spatial autocorrelation ranges of 54–133 m, but beyond that distance communities were extremely dissimilar. Furthermore, we show that these spatial patterns are driven not only by changes in relative abundance of phylotypes but also by absolute changes in phylotype occurrence (richness). There is almost no overlap in phylotype [or operational taxonomic unit (OTU)] occurrence between communities at distances beyond the autocorrelation range (~133 m). Such small species ranges, combined with their ubiquity in soils, make it increasingly clear that the biodiversity of bdelloid rotifers (and other less easily dispersed microbes) is much higher than previously thought.
The Routine Measurement of Platelet Size Using Sodium Citrate Alone as the Anticoagulant

Summary Mean platelet volume (MPV), a measure of platelet size, is becoming recognised as an important marker of platelet function. However, platelets swell in edetic acid (EDTA), the Standard haematology anticoagulant, in a time-dependent manner making such measurements potentially unreliable. The effect of incubation time on MPV, and platelet distribution width (PDW), as measured in EDTA, low (1:9 volume/volume with blood) or high (1:4 v/v with blood) concentration sodium citrate was studied. MPV measured in high concentration sodium citrate did not change with time in contrast to MPV measured in either low concentration sodium citrate or EDTA which both increased in an inverse exponential fashion. MPV and PDW, measured in high concentration sodium citrate, had similar within-assay and between-assay coefficients of Variation as other platelet, red cell and white cell haematology variables measured in EDTA: MPV 1.4%, 2.1%; PDW 1.4%, 1.5%; MCV 0.4%, 0.7%; PC 3.1%, 6.1%; WCC 1.5%, 7.3%; Hb 2.1%, 2.4% respectively. MPV measured in EDTA and corrected for incubation time approximated to, but was higher than, the MPV measured in high concentration sodium citrate. PDW correlated inversely with platelet count (r = <0.415, 2p <0.001). MPV may be measured in sodium citrate (at 1:4 v/v with blood) alone with a better accuracy and reproducibility than similar measurements made in EDTA. Furthermore, such measurements are not influenced by incubation time, unlike for EDTA.
Management of the Minimally Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear in Pregnancy

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of colposcopy of the uterine cervix in pregnant patients with minimally abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Methods Two hundred, indigent, pregnant patients with atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) on Papanicolaou smear underwent colposcopy and endocervical evaluation. Directed biopsies were performed on 64 patients. One hundred thirty-five patients were compliant with postpartum Papanicolaou smears or colposcopy with endocervical evaluation. Results One hundred eighty-seven pregnant patients had satisfactory prenatal Papanicolaou smears, colposcopy and endocervical brushings. High-grade intraepithelial lesions were found in 2.1% of prenatal endocervical brushings, 4.7% of prenatal biopsies, 0.8% of postpartum Papanicolaou smears, 2.2% of postpartum endocervical brushings, and 7.9% of postpartum biopsies. No invasive cervical cancer was detected. Conclusion Antepartum colposcopic evaluation did not add in the management of minimally abnormal Papnicolaou smears in this population of pregnant women.
Cellular prion protein is increased in the plasma and peri‐infarcted brain tissue after acute stroke

The physiologic properties of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) have not been established fully, although recent evidence showed its upregulation in cerebral ischaemia. Using patients, animal models, and in vitro studies we aimed to identify in detail the expression and localization of PrPC in ischemic stroke. Patients in acute phase of ischaemic stroke had increased plasma levels of circulating PrPC as compared to healthy age‐ and gender‐matched controls (3.1 ± 1.4 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7 ng/ml, P = 0.002). Immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of PrPC in the soma of peri‐infarcted neurones as well as in the endothelial cells (EC) of micro‐vessels and inflammatory cells in peri‐infarcted brain tissue from patients who survived for 2–34 days after an initial stroke. The same pattern was repeated 1–48 hr after MCAO. RT‐PCR showed increased gene expression of PrPC by human foetal neurons (HFN) after 12 hr of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), which remained increased after 24 hr reperfusion. Western blotting confirmed that protein expression was similarly upregulated, and fluorescent labeling showed a notable increase in peri‐nuclear and axonal PrPC staining intensity. Increased plasma PrPC seems to reflect endogenous expression in acute stroke‐affected brain tissue. Increased cellular expression in peri‐infarcted regions may influence hypoxia‐induced cell damage, although the effects on EC survival and angiogenesis remain to be elucidated. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations in microfilariae and infective stages of two types of Wuchereria bancrofti from the Thai-Myanmar border

Comparative morphometric and morphological studies of microfilariae and infective stages were undertaken in nocturnally periodic and subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti. For microfilariae, the body dimensions of nocturnally periodic (NP) were significantly smaller than nocturnally subperiodic (NSP), i.e. body length 268.03 ± 14.75 μm (NP), 307.61 ± 11.52 μm (NSP); cephalic space length 4.21 ± 0.62 μm (NP), 5.32 ± 0.79 μm (NSP); head to nerve ring 49.39 ± 5.43 μm (NP), 57.40 ± 4.46 μm (NSP); innenkörper length 33.05 ± 5.89 μm (NP), 44.02 ± 8.71 μm (NSP); cephalic space width 4.28 ± 0.59 μm (NP), 6.04 ± 0.68 μm (NSP); body width at nerve ring 5.01 ± 0.57 μm (NP), 7.45 ± 0.75 μm (NSP). The number of nuclei between the cephalic space and nerve ring of NP (66.67 ± 5.19) was also significantly less than in NSP (94.74 ± 6.95). For infective stages, the body dimensions of NP were significantly smaller than NSP, i.e. body length 1632.50 ± 131.48 μm (NP), 2002.63 ± 222.60 μm (NSP); head to nerve ring 103.09 ± 7.47 μm (NP), 122.44 ± 9.62 μm (NSP); head to oesophago-intestinal junction 567.69 ± 94.84 μm (NP), 666.75 ± 110.08 μm (NSP); body width at oesophago-intestinal junction 23.15 ± 1.55 μm (NP), 26.78 ± 1.62 μm (NSP). It is too early to infer the NP type as an additional sibling species of W. bancrofti but it is reasonable to treat it as a new variety and additional work is needed to clarify its status.
Process Innovation: a surfing manufacturer case study

Companies tend to adopt formal methods of product innovation, reinventing business processes to improve their speed and efficiency. Although the economic impact of process innovations is as relevant as the introduction of new products or services, this subject is often neglected in the general innovation literature. Aiming to contribute to scientific discussions, this study provides empirical evidence of process innovation by small businesses and its implications from the recent innovation theory perspectives (Un & Asakawa, 2015; Suarez-Barraza, 2013, O'Reilly & Tushman, 2004; Harmon, 2015). Classified as qualitative and exploratory research, it was conducted as a study method at a Brazilian company that manufactures surfing equipment. The main results demonstrate that incremental and architectural innovations co-occur. Furthermore, because they are effectively implemented, they require business process changes. The findings show that an integrated and adequate combination of the different types of innovation tends to contribute to the improvement of business results.
INTERACTIONS OF THE STEREOISOMERS OF α-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN WITH HUMAN HYDROXYSTEROID SULFOTRANSFERASE SULT2A1 AND RAT HYDROXYSTEROID SULFOTRANSFERASE STA

Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic drug that is widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-dependent breast cancer. An increased risk of endometrial cancer in some patients treated with TAM has been linked to the metabolic formation of α-hydroxytamoxifen (α-OHTAM) and its subsequent sulfation. α-OHTAM has been found to be a substrate for rat and human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases (STa and SULT2A1, respectively). Since stereochemistry plays an important role in the interactions of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases with their substrates, we have now investigated the interactions of each of the stereoisomers of α-OHTAM with highly purified recombinant STa and SULT2A1. Methods for the preparation of the enantiomers of E- and Z-α-OHTAM were developed. When each of the four enantiomers was examined with rat STa, E-(+)-α-OHTAM was the only substrate for the enzyme, whereas E-(-)-α-OHTAM, Z-(+)-α-OHTAM, and Z-(-)-α-OHTAM were inhibitors of the sulfation of E-(+)-α-OHTAM catalyzed by STa. The dissociation constants for the α-OHTAM enantiomers indicated that they bound to STa with similar affinity, but only the E-(+)-enantiomer was a substrate. In contrast to the results obtained with rat hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase STa, all enantiomers of α-OHTAM were substrates for the human SULT2A1. Moreover, kcat/Km values with SULT2A1 were higher with the Z enantiomers than with the E enantiomers. As a result of the potential for interconversion of the E and Z geometric isomers upon metabolism, the sulfation of the Z isomers may be of greater concern in human tissues than has been previously assumed.
The Unexplored Contribution of Responsible Innovation in Health to Sustainable Development Goals

Responsible Innovation in Health (RIH) represents an emerging Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) approach that could support not only the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) “Good health and well-being” but also other SDGs. Since few studies have conceptualized the relationships between RIH and the SDGs, our goal was to inductively develop a framework to identify knowledge gaps and areas for further reflections. Our exploratory study involved: (1) performing a web-based horizon scanning to identify health innovations with responsibility features; and (2) illustrating through empirical examples how RIH addresses the SDGs. A total of 105 innovations were identified: up to 43% were developed by non-profit organizations, universities or volunteers; 46.7% originated from the United States; and 64.5% targeted countries in Africa, Central and South America and South Asia. These innovations addressed health problems such as newborn care (15.5%), reduced mobility and limb amputation (14.5%), infectious diseases (10.9%), pregnancy and delivery care (9.1%) and proper access to care and drugs (7.3%). Several of these innovations were aligned with SDG10-Reduced inequalities (87%), SDG17-Partnerships for the goals (54%), SDG1-No poverty (15%) and SDG4-Quality education (11%). A smaller number of them addressed sustainable economic development goals such as SDG11-Sustainable cities and communities (9%) and SDG9-Industry and innovation (6%), and environmental sustainability goals such as SDG7-Affordable and clean energy (7%) and SDG6-Clean water and sanitation (5%). Three examples show how RIH combines entrepreneurship and innovation in novel ways to address the determinants of health, thereby contributing to SDG5 (Gender), SDG10 (Inequalities), SDG4 (Education) and SDG8 (Decent work), and indirectly supporting SDG7 (Clean energy) and SDG13 (Climate action). Further research should examine how alternative business models, social enterprises and social finance may support the STI approach behind RIH.
Maternal and perinatal risk factors for later delinquency.

BACKGROUND The early identification of risk factors for juvenile offending is one important step in preventing youth violence and offending. This cohort study examined whether perinatal circumstances predicted offending during adolescence. METHODS Washington State birth certificates from 1974 to 1975 were linked to juvenile justice data to identify all individuals adjudicated between 10 and 17 years of age. Thirteen thousand five hundred seventy-three offenders were compared with a sample of 38 387 nonoffenders matched on gender and birth order. RESULTS Both male and female children of mothers who were teenagers at the child's birth or at her first birth, or who were born to unmarried mothers, had significantly increased risk for any juvenile offending, and for being adjudicated for five or more crimes (chronic offending). Males born to unmarried mothers under 18 years old had an 11-fold increased risk of chronic offending compared with males born to married mothers >/=20 years old. Low birth weight and preterm gestational age carried no increased risk for juvenile offending. CONCLUSIONS Birth to teenage or unmarried mothers are strongly associated with later risk of juvenile delinquency. Although there are multiple, interrelated risk factors for juvenile delinquency, prevention of births to teenage and/or unmarried mothers may help to prevent subsequent juvenile delinquency.
From the Fringe to the Fore: Labor Unions and Employee Compensation

Abstract Conventional wisdom suggests that labor unions raise worker wages, while the newer empirical literature finds only negligible earnings effects. I reconcile this apparent contradiction by arguing that collective bargaining targets fringe benefits. Using U.S. firm-level data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Multinational Enterprise Survey and Compustat, I exploit a regression discontinuity in majority rule union elections to compare changes in employee compensation at firms whose establishment barely won a union election against those that barely lost an election. Following unionization, average employee compensation and employer pension contributions increase, which raises the labor share of compensation.
Waking Experience Brain Gene Expression During REM Sleep Depends on Prior

Abstract In most mammalian species studied, twodistinct and successive phases of sleep, slowwave (SW), and rapid eye movement (REM),can be recognized on the basis of their EEGprofiles and associated behaviors. Bothphases have been implicated in the offlinesensorimotor processing of daytime events,but the molecular mechanisms remainelusive. We studied brain expression of theplasticity-associated immediate-early gene(IEG) zif-268 during SW and REM sleep inrats exposed to rich sensorimotorexperience in the preceding waking period.Whereas nonexposed controls showgeneralized zif-268 down-regulation duringSW and REM sleep, zif-268 is upregulatedduring REM sleep in the cerebral cortex andthe hippocampus of exposed animals. Wesuggest that this phenomenon represents awindow of increased neuronal plasticityduring REM sleep that follows enrichedwaking experience. Introduction Mammals spend a considerable portion of theirlives sleeping. In addition to its importance forbody repose, sleep appears to play a role in theconsolidation of daytime memories (Pearlman andBecker 1974; Fishbein and Gutwein 1977; Smithand Butler 1982; Winson 1993; Karni et al. 1994;Hennevin et al. 1995; Smith 1996). Electrophysi-ological studies revealed that hippocampal placecells are reactivated during slow wave (SW) sleep(Pavlides and Winson 1989; Wilson and McNaugh-ton 1994) in a manner that recapitulates the neu-ronal firing sequences that occur during the pre-ceding wakefulness (WK) period (Skaggs and Mc-Naughton 1996). Recent evidence also indicatesthat the firing profiles of place cells are alteredduring the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep thatfollows exposure to a new environment (G.R. Poe,W.E. Skaggs, C.A. Barnes, and B.L. McNaughton,unpubl.). These observations support the notionthat brain reactivation during sleep is important forthe processing of sensorimotor information gath-ered as a result of waking activity. It is unclear,though, by which mechanisms this is accom-plished.Several lines of evidence indicate that the lay-ing down of long-term memories requires long-last-ing modification of neuronal connections, mostlikely through the activation of gene expressionprograms that lead to neuronal plasticity (Madisonet al. 1991; Bliss and Collingridge 1993). A particu-larly interesting candidate for mediating long-last-ing effects of experience on the brain is
Estradiol in Premenstrual Asthma: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover Study

Study Objectives. To characterize asthma symptoms and pulmonary function throughout two menstrual cycles, with and without exogenous estradiol administration, in women with premenstrual asthma, and to determine the effect of estradiol administration on asthma symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, and biomarkers of airway inflammation.
Townsend's First Ionization Coefficients and Sparking Potentials in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields

Townsend's first ionization coefficients have been measured in corssed electric and magnetic fields for values of B/p ranging from 0.013 TESLA. TORR-1 to 0.064 TESLA.TORR-1 and for 103 x 102¿ E/p¿ 331 x 102 V.M-1. TORR-1 in oxygen and for 122 x 102¿ E/p¿488 x 102 V.M-1.TORR-1 for dry air. The values of effective collision frequencies determined from the equivalent pressure (pe) concept generally increase with E/p at constant B/p and decrease with increasing B/p at constant E/p. Effective collision frequencies determined from measured sparking potentials at high values of E/p increase with decreasing E/pe. The drift velocity and mean energy of electrons in oxygen in crossed electric and magnetic fields have been derived.
Examination of the actual turnover decisions of female auditors in public accounting: Evidence from Hong Kong

Purpose - The inability of public accounting practices to retain female auditors is of concern to the profession. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors associated with the actual turnover decisions made by female auditors in the public accounting profession. Design/methodology/approach - Multinomial logistic regression is used to analyze survey data from 247 female auditors who were formerly employed by public accounting firms in Hong Kong. About 20 semi-structured interviews are conducted to supplement the findings. Findings - The results reveal that role conflict has the highest explanatory power among the independent variables. Social comparison with peers, stress and age are also influential factors in the turnover decisions made by female auditors in the public accounting field. These results support social comparison theory, which asserts that individuals are driven to evaluate their abilities and opinions through social comparison with others. A particularly interesting finding is that neither physical appearance nor gender discrimination is an influential factor, which contradicts the findings of research carried out in the USA and Japan. Originality/value - According to human capital theory, the departure of female auditors from the public accounting profession represents a significant loss in human capital. Public accounting firms should thus take immediate measures to retain this valuable source of human capital and achieve the goal of a gender-diverse workplace.
Dendritic Cell-Derived IL-12p40 Homodimer Contributes to Susceptibility in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in BALB/c Mice1

Protection against Leishmania major in resistant C57BL/6 mice is mediated by Th1 cells, whereas susceptibility in BALB/c mice is the result of Th2 development. IL-12 release by L. major-infected dendritic cells (DC) is critically involved in differentiation of Th1 cells. Previously, we reported that strain differences in the production of DC-derived factors, e.g., IL-1αβ, are in part responsible for disparate disease outcome. In the present study, we analyzed the release of IL-12 from DC in more detail. Stimulated DC from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice released comparable amounts of IL-12p40 and p70. In the absence of IL-4, BALB/c DC produced significantly more IL-12p40 than C57BL/6 DC. Detailed analyses by Western blot and ELISA revealed that one-tenth of IL-12p40 detected in DC supernatants was released as the IL-12 antagonist IL-12p40 homodimer (IL-12p80). BALB/c DC released ∼2-fold more IL-12p80 than C57BL/6 DC both in vitro and in vivo. Local injection of IL-12p80 during the first 3 days after infection resulted in increased lesion volumes for several weeks in both L. major-infected BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, in higher lesional parasite burdens, and decreased Th1-cytokine production. Finally, IL-12p40-transgenic C57BL/6 mice characterized by overexpression of p40 showed increased levels of serum IL-12p80 and enhanced disease susceptibility. Thus, in addition to IL-1αβ, strain-dependent differences in the release of other DC-derived factors such as IL-12p80 may influence genetically determined disease outcome.