Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traffic Sensing Through Accelerometers

With the advances in wireless communication and mobile computing, a future infrastructureless self-organizing traffic information system, where vehicles can form a network for exchanging traffic information among themselves, will soon be realized. In an infrastructureless traffic information system, vehicles will act as mobile sensors and collect the traffic data as they travel. Smartphones are a great choice for traffic sensing devices as they are now equipped with a variety of sensors such as global positioning system (GPS) receivers, accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, and microphones. These sensors can be exploited to collect traffic data. Although there are many types of sensors available for traffic sensing, past studies have mainly focused on a GPS receiver. However, a GPS receiver consumes a lot of power; hence, it can significantly shorten the battery life. In this paper, we explore a possibility of using other types of sensors on a smartphone for traffic sensing. In particular, we investigate whether it is possible and how accurate it is to estimate the average speed of a vehicle from the data sensed by an accelerometer. Two estimation methods will be introduced, and their accuracy will be evaluated.
Deep Trenches for Thermal Crosstalk Reduction in InP-Based Photonic Integrated Circuits

We numerically and experimentally investigate an on-chip solution to reduce the thermal crosstalk in indium phosphide-based photonic integrated circuits. We introduce deep trenches, fabricated through wet etch, between active and passive components. The current injected in active components and the geometry of the trenches are the parameters considered in our analysis. The trenches thermally isolate the passive components from the heat generated by active components. The thermal crosstalk is quantified by measuring the effects on the electro-optical response of an MZ modulator considered as a test structure. The heat sources are represented by semiconductor optical amplifiers placed at different distances with respect to the position of the MZ. Our experiments show how both the geometry and the position of the trenches, play a role in the reduction of the thermal crosstalk.
Darwinian Evolution of Prions in Cell Culture

DNA-less Evolution Prions are proteinaceous infectious elements involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including scrapie in sheep and so-called mad cow disease in cattle. Now Li et al. (p. 869, published online 31 December) show that, when propagated in tissue culture cells, cloned prion populations become diverse by mutational events and can undergo selective amplification. Thus, even though devoid of a coding genome, prions, when propagated under a particular selection regime, can be subject to rapid evolution. When propagated in vitro, prion strains demonstrate adaptability and selection. Prions are infectious proteins consisting mainly of PrPSc, a β sheet–rich conformer of the normal host protein PrPC, and occur in different strains. Strain identity is thought to be encoded by PrPSc conformation. We found that biologically cloned prion populations gradually became heterogeneous by accumulating “mutants,” and selective pressures resulted in the emergence of different mutants as major constituents of the evolving population. Thus, when transferred from brain to cultured cells, “cell-adapted” prions outcompeted their “brain-adapted” counterparts, and the opposite occurred when prions were returned from cells to brain. Similarly, the inhibitor swainsonine selected for a resistant substrain, whereas, in its absence, the susceptible substrain outgrew its resistant counterpart. Prions, albeit devoid of a nucleic acid genome, are thus subject to mutation and selective amplification.
Treatment of depressive disorders.

INTRODUCTION A confusing variety of options are available for the treatment of depressive disorders. METHOD Selective literature review under consideration of current guidelines. RESULTS The treatment of depression can be divided into acute, maintenance and prophylactic phases. The basic forms of treatment are pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and supportive strategies. The approximately 30 antidepressants currently on the market differ mainly with respect to their side effect profiles. Of the specific types of psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and psychoanalysis are funded by the statutory health insurance providers in Germany. All treatment strategies (except for sleep deprivation) show a latency of onset of several weeks and a nonresponse rate of about 30% to 50%. In clinical practice it is essential to follow a stepwise procedure and to perform a standardized evaluation of response after the latency period. In the event of nonresponse, the next step of treatment should be initiated. DISCUSSION Depressive disorders have a good prognosis provided one takes best advantage of the available treatment options. Preconditions are continuation of treatment for an appropriate length of time (for antidepressants ca. 4 to 6 weeks, for psychotherapy ca. 4 to 12 weeks) and standardized evaluation of response thereafter.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kantor akuntan publik, ukuran perusahaan, laba/rugi operasi dan opini audit terhadap audit delay. Populasi penelitian ini 33 perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010 sampai 2012. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 29 perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010 sampai 2012. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu berupa laporan keuangan yang telah dipublikasikan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda. Data diolah menggunakan program SPSS versi 21. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kantor akuntan publik, laba/rugi operasi dan opini audit secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay, sedangkan ukuran perusahaan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap audit delay. Secara simultan ukuran kantor akuntan publik, ukuran perusahaan, laba/rugi operasi dan opini audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.The purpose of this research is determine the effect of public accountant firm size, firm size, profit / loss operation and audit opinion on audit delay. The population of this research 33 banking companies which have listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2012. The paper uses a sample of 29 firms from Indonesian Stock Exchange with 2010 to 2012 first year end. The sampling technique which is used to get the sample is purposive sampling. Methods of data collection in this research used secondary data with financial statements that have been published. Data analysis which is used is descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regressions. The data were processed using SPSS version 21. The research shows that the size of the public accountant firm, profit / loss operation and audit opinion does not effect to audit delay, on the other side the size of the firm have an effect on audit delay. Simultaneously the public accountant firm, the size of firm, profit / loss operation and audit opinion gave significant effect on audit delay.
COMPARING TWO-YEAR COLLEGES UNDER A COMMON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK: PERSONAL EGOCENTRIC NETWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES

OF DISSERTATION COMPARING TWO-YEAR COLLEGES UNDER A COMMON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK: PERSONAL EGOCENTRIC NETWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES The study purpose is to advance implementation of sustainable development at colleges, and to contribute to organizational change research using social network analysis. The researcher conducted document analysis using 2012-2016 sustainability reports of 16 purposefully selected two-year colleges under a common framework. Interpreting and coding resulted in ranking sustainable development activities as well as grouping colleges using cluster analysis. A survey and interviews were employed by the researcher to determine major themes as challenges to sustainability implementation, and personal network themes using social network analysis measures and sociograms. Challenges to sustainability implementation identified as study themes were: (1) college leadership transition; (2) communication networks; and (3) sustainability funding and resources. Personal network themes based on network analysis were: (1) sustainability leadership typologies; (2) network communication bridges and cliques; and (3) social capital for sustainability funding and resources. The research found personal egocentric network techniques an effective methodology in identifying attributes of communication links to inform transformational leaders implementing innovation. Study implications are that sustainability leaders within informal networks of staff, administrators, and faculty influence and actively participate in innovation diffusion. Faculty and staff work on specific projects and activities advancing sustainability such as community gardens or working with environmental groups, and administrator support provides social capital in terms of funding and resources. Striking the right balance among types and communication ties is a challenge for transformational leaders. Personal network techniques help leaders recognize organic network cliques and bridges during implementation stages, allowing for informed support and advancement of college sustainability. From this study, sustainability practitioners may be interested in using sustainability activity frequencies for planning and sharing with other colleges, as well as using personal network techniques to develop sociograms identifying important network positions, cliques, and bridges for sustainability implementation.
Refugee Perceptions Study: Za’atari camp and host communities in Jordan

The Refugee Perceptions Study aims to assess the needs of refugees from Syria residing in Jordan by looking at both objective data and perceptions of the situation from the perspective of the refugees themselves.The purpose of this is to allow organizations to identify new challenges and gaps in aid assistance efforts in Jordan. Those surveyed for this study reside in areas where Oxfam has operations or is planning to provide assistance, including Za’atari Camp Districts 6, 7, and 8, Zarqa and Balqa Governorates, and the informal settlements in Jawa (southeast Amman) and the Jordan Valley.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in a multi-ethnic sample.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Relationship of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Caucasians has been studied, but this association has not been investigated in Hispanic and African-Americans. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients evaluated for OSA in a predominantly African American and Hispanic sample. The secondary objective is to evaluate the relationship of REM related OSA and type 2 diabetes. METHODS 1008 consecutive patients who had a comprehensive polysomnography were evaluated. OSA was defined as an obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of > or = 5 per hour. REM AHI of > or = 10 was considered to indicate REM related OSA. RESULTS The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 30.1% in the group with OSA compared to 18.6% in those without OSA. The subjects with OSA had significantly increased odds of type 2 diabetes compared with those without OSA (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.6) but this association became non-significant when controlled for confounding variables and covariates (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.9-2.0). Middle-aged participants with OSA had 2.8 times higher odds for type 2 diabetes, when compared to younger or middle aged without OSA, controlling for covariates. Finally, the odds of type 2 diabetes were 2.0 times higher in patients with REM AHI of > or = 10/h independent of confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS OSA is not independently associated with type 2 diabetes in a predominantly African American and Hispanic sample. However, the relationship of REM related OSAwith type 2 diabetes may be statistically significant.
Economic studies on higher education and productivity

Karhunen, Hannu Economic studies on higher education and productivity Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2015, 163 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Business and Economics ISSN 1457-1986; 164) ISBN 978-951-39-6361-3 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6362-0 (PDF) Finnish summary Diss. This dissertation consists of an introductory chapter and four separate empirical studies which study higher education and productivity in Finland. Introductory chapter presents shortly the motivation, background and main results of this thesis. First three articles focus on the relationship between working while studying, dropout behavior and later labor market outcomes at individual level. Fourth article examines how subsidies affect labor productivity at the firm level. The first article of this thesis studies how working while studying relates to earnings after graduation from university or polytechnic. Analysis focuses on working while studying and earnings over two year period after graduation. The results show that early work experience is related to higher earnings right after graduation year, but instrumental variable estimations find no significant causal effect for university students. The second article explores on the relationship between working while studying and migration. Migration propensities are studied up to three years after graduation. Results show that working while studying can partly explain why the mobility of highly educated people has declined. We find that that there are differences by study region and earlier migration behavior. The third article examines the relationship between the decision to drop out from university and labor market outcomes. Results indicate that compared to similar university graduates, the dropouts’ annual earnings are on average 11,000 euros lower four years after the dropout decision. Dropouts have also a higher probability of being self-employed than similar graduates. The fourth article examines the effect of R&D subsidies on labour productivity. Study uses firm-level data on Finnish SMEs from 2000 to 2012 and apply a combined matching and difference-in-differences method to control for selection bias. Study does not find significant positive effect on labour productivity over the five-year period after a subsidy is granted.
The impact of ranitidine on monocyte responses in the context of solid tumors

Monocytes and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been implicated on the regulation of tumor growth. Histamine is also important for regulating MDSC responses. Oral administration of the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine can inhibit breast tumor growth and metastasis. In the current study, we examined the impact of oral ranitidine treatment, at a clinically relevant dose, on multiple murine tumor models. The impact of ranitidine on monocyte responses and the role of CCR2 in ranitidine-induced tumor growth inhibition were also investigated. Oral ranitidine treatment did not reduce tumor growth in the B16-F10 melanoma, LLC1 lung cancer and EL4 thymoma models. However, it consistently reduced E0771 primary tumor growth and metastasis in the 4T1 model. Ranitidine had no impact on E0771 tumor growth in mice deficient in CCR2, where monocyte recruitment to tumors was limited. Analysis of splenic monocytes also revealed an elevated ratio of H2 versus H1 expression from tumor-bearing compared with naïve mice. More detailed examination of the role of ranitidine on monocyte development demonstrated a decrease in monocyte progenitor cells following ranitidine treatment. Taken together, these results reveal that H2 signaling may be a novel target to alter the monocyte population in breast tumor models, and that targeting H2 on monocytes via oral ranitidine treatment impacts effective tumor immunity. Ranitidine is widely used for control of gastrointestinal disorders. The potential role of ranitidine as an adjunct to immunotherapies for breast cancer and the potential impact of H2 antagonists on breast cancer outcomes should be considered.
Gender Control and Labour Input: Who Controls the Proceeds from Staple Crop Production among Zambian Farmers?

Because gender roles and relations are dynamic, programs built on a solid up-to-date understanding of how men and women share labor responsibilities and the proceeds from their agricultural activities have the potential to bring forth positive outcomes. Better information on gender-based constraints and intra-household power dynamics form the foundation for programs that can enhance gender equity.
An improved fractional slot concentrated winding for low-poles induction machines

Recent investigations on IMs with FSCWs show that, due to the higher MMF harmonic content of concentrated windings, this machine type is characterized by low torque capability and quality, as well as, low efficiency and thermal problems. This paper presents a new fundamental wave FSCW with sinusoidal MMF waveform and a non-overlapping winding arrangement. The proposed winding solution consists of two different FSCW types and a dual slot-layer stator structure. The first winding is located on the outer slot-layer region, while the second one is located on the inner slot-layer. Additionally, both windings are shifted in space to each other for a specific angle. This winding configuration has several advantages like high quality MMF wave with low harmonic contents, shorter end-winding length, and applicability to low poles IMs. Obtained results from the analysis of different IMs show that the proposed FSCW provides high performances in different application areas.
Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution

Although Imperial Germany was begun before the United States entered World War I, little in the book however relates to that particular conflict. Rather, this is in large part a study of the divergencies in cultural development between the English-speaking peoples and the German-speaking peoples, and of the consequences this produced in economic and social spheres. Suppressed by war censors, Imperial Germany was again released after the war, and has assumed a place as a major contribution to economics and sociology alike. The comments on the book have scarcely been altered by time. Charles A. Beard noted that "Veblen wrote for the centuries, not for the days, and his Imperial Germany ranks with his immortal Theory of Business Enterprise. " Wesley C. Mitchell, reflecting on the book during World War II, wrote that "the natural causes that made Imperial Germany efficient are still at work under the Nazi regime, and the forecast that proved sound once may do so again. " Lewis Mumford called Imperial Germany "still the best picture of the residual barbarisms in German civilization; the soil out of which Nazism grew. " This new edition is graced with a brilliant and insightful opening essay that is at once a commentary on Veblen's volume, and a statement of the historic status of the German economy and society. Written by Otto G. Mayer, director in a leading German "Think Tank," HWWA-Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung-Hamburg, editor of Intereconomics, a journal issued in English, and an author of major policy statements on economic and social issues, the new opening statement underscores the view of those who came before, that Veblen's book is "a treasure chest of knowledge. "
Trends in hospital admissions, in-hospital case fatality and population mortality from congenital heart disease in England, 1994 to 2004

Objective: To ascertain time trends in rates of hospital admission, operations, in-hospital case fatality and general mortality for congenital heart disease (CHD) in England and Wales. Design: Retrospective analysis of Hospital Episodes Statistics for England (April 1995 to March 2004) and mortality statistics for England and Wales (1994–2003). Population: All NHS patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD to hospitals in England, and all deaths in England and Wales with an underlying cause of CHD. Main outcome measures: Age-standardised hospital admission rates, case fatality rates and death rates from congenital heart disease. Results: Between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004 the age-standardised hospital admission rate for CHD increased from 30.7 per 100 000 (95% CI 29.9 to 31.4) to 35.5 per 100 000 (95% CI 34.7 to 36.4) in men and boys and from 28.2 per 100 000 (95% CI 27.4 to 28.9) to 32.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 32.0 to 33.6) in women and girls. Between 1997/1998 and 2003/2004 in-hospital case fatality rates fell from 2.10% (95% CI 1.97 to 2.22) to 0.83% (95% CI 0.74 to 0.92). Population mortality fell steadily over the decade from 1994 to 2003 in men and women, with the largest proportionate decrease in the 1–4-year age group. Conclusion: Admission rates for CHD have increased over the past decade, particularly amongst patients in older age groups. There has also been a significant decrease in both in-hospital case fatality rates and in general population mortality rates. These trends are consistent with improvements in the quality of care for these patients, improvements in survival and the predicted expansion in the number of adults living with CHD.
Prediction and verification of centrifugal dewatering of P. pastoris fermentation cultures using an ultra scale‐down approach

Recent years have seen a dramatic rise in fermentation broth cell densities and a shift to extracellular product expression in microbial cells. As a result, dewatering characteristics during cell separation is of importance, as any liquor trapped in the sediment results in loss of product, and thus a decrease in product recovery. In this study, an ultra scale‐down (USD) approach was developed to enable the rapid assessment of dewatering performance of pilot‐scale centrifuges with intermittent solids discharge. The results were then verified at scale for two types of pilot‐scale centrifuges: a tubular bowl equipment and a disk‐stack centrifuge. Initial experiments showed that employing a laboratory‐scale centrifugal mimic based on using a comparable feed concentration to that of the pilot‐scale centrifuge, does not successfully predict the dewatering performance at scale (P‐value <0.05). However, successful prediction of dewatering levels was achieved using the USD method (P‐value ≥0.05), based on using a feed concentration at small‐scale that mimicked the same height of solids as that in the pilot‐scale centrifuge. Initial experiments used Baker's yeast feed suspensions followed by fresh Pichia pastoris fermentation cultures. This work presents a simple and novel USD approach to predict dewatering levels in two types of pilot‐scale centrifuges using small quantities of feedstock (<50 mL). It is a useful tool to determine optimal conditions under which the pilot‐scale centrifuge needs to be operated, reducing the need for repeated pilot‐scale runs during early stages of process development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2039–2047. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.