Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Feed Sanitation on Zootechnical Performance, Prevalence, Immune Status and Carcass Trait of Salmonella typhimurium Infected Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a commercial acidifier feed additive product containing formaldehyde on performance, Salmonella typhimurium prevalence and immune status of broiler chickens. Three hundreds, day-old chicks (Hubbard breed) were randomly distributed into three treatment groups (4 replicates each) using 25 chicks per replicate on floor pens. Control (C) birds were offered non-supplemented basal diets. Treatment groups 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) were fed diets containing product at 250 and 500 g tG feed, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad-libitum for 35 days experimental period. Feed consumption and body weight were recorded weekly to calculate body weight gain and feed conversion. Blood samples were collected by time intervals to evaluate the immune status of the birds against some vaccines. At day 21 of age,20 birds were chosen randomly from each group (5 from each replicate) and were challenged orally with 1 mL containing 10 colony forming unit (CFU mLG) Salmonella typhimurium and were kept under observation for two weeks. At the end of the experimental period, 20 birds were chosen randomly from each group (5 from each replicate) to compare carcass yield. The results revealed that body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) improved in chicks fed on diets containing product compared with the control one. The best feed conversions were recorded in T2. The results of the Salmonella typhimurium challenge experiment showed that both doses of the products significantly (p#0.05) reduced the signs, mortalities, gross lesions, shedding rate and re-isolation of Salmonella typhimurium. Dressing percentage and liver weight were non-significantly different between groups. Supplementation of the broiler diets significantly enhanced the immune responses measured against the vaccines used. It can be concluded that, using acidifiers and formaldehyde as feed additives for feed sanitation reflected positively on the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens, reduced the incidence of salmonellosis and enhanced the immune status of broiler chickens.
Public health reasoning: a logical view of trust

The public has a pact with the experts who deliver public health. That pact can be characterized as a relationship of trust in which the public trusts health experts to act in its best interests in return for its adherence to recommendations and other advice. This relationship clearly has emotional elements, as evidenced by strong feelings of anger and betrayal when public health recommendations are shown to be wrong. But it also has rational or logical components which are less often acknowledged by commentators. In this paper, these components are examined with special emphasis on the role of authority arguments in mediating the trust relationship between health experts and the public. It is contended that these arguments function as cognitive heuristics in that they facilitate decision-making in the absence of expert knowledge. A questionnaire study of public health reasoning was conducted in 879 members of the public. Participants were asked to consider a number of public health scenarios in which various arguments from authority were employed. Epistemic conditions, known to be associated with the rational warrant of these arguments, were systematically varied across these scenarios. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses revealed that subjects are adept at recognizing the conditions under which arguments from authority are more or less rationally warranted. The trust relationship at the heart of public health has logical components which lay people are capable of rationally evaluating during public health deliberations. This rational capacity should be exploited by experts during public health communication.
Inferring Monetary Policy Objectives with a Partially Observed State

Accounting for the uncertainty in real-time perceptions of the state of the economy is believed to be critical for monetary policy analysis. We investigate this claim through the lens of a New Keynesian model with optimal discretionary policy and partial information. Structural parameters are estimated using a data set that includes real-time and ex post revised observations spanning 1965–2010. In comparison to a standard complete information model, our estimates reveal that under partial information: (i) the Federal Reserve demonstrates a significant concern for stabilizing the output gap after 1979, (ii) the model׳s fit with revised data improves, and (iii) the tension between optimal and observed policy is smaller.
Deferring versus Expediting Consumption: The Effect of Outcome Concreteness on Sensitivity to Time Horizon

This work examines consumers' preferences for consumption timing. Specifically, the authors examine how temporal framing (deferring versus expediting) of a decision moderates the sensitivity of consumers' pattern of discounting to changes in time horizon. The results from three experiments show greater decline in consumers' discount rates with time horizon (i.e., greater present bias) when they defer than when they expedite consumption. These results are robust to using monetary and nonmonetary outcomes, as well as to different time horizons (months, days). The authors further demonstrate that the different levels of mental representations (concreteness) triggered by the two decision frames moderate this difference in sensitivity.
Asteroseismic inference on the spin-orbit misalignment and stellar parameters of HAT-P-7

Context. The measurement of obliquities ‐ the angle between the orbital and stellar rotation ‐ in star-planet systems is of great importance for understanding planet system formation and evolution. The bright and well-studied HAT-P-7 (Kepler-2) system is intriguing because several Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) measurements found a high projected obliquity in this system, but it was not possible so far to determine whether the orbit is polar and/or retrograde. Aims. The goal of this study is to measure the stellar inclination and hereby the full 3D obliquity of the HAT-P-7 system instead of only the 2D projection as measured by the RM e ect. In addition, we provide an updated set of stellar parameters for the star. Methods. We used the full set of available observations from Kepler spanning Q0-Q17 to produce the power spectrum of HAT-P-7. We extracted oscillation-mode frequencies via an Markov chain Monte Carlo peak-bagging routine and used the results from this to estimate the stellar inclination angle. Combining this with the projected obliquity from RM and the inclination of the orbital plane allowed us to determine the stellar obliquity. Furthermore, we used asteroseismology to model the star from the extracted frequencies using two di erent approaches to the modelling, for which either the stellar evolution codes MESA or GARSTEC were adopted.
Accounting for Time-Varying Unobserved Ability Heterogeneity within Education Production Functions

Traditional strategies to estimate education production functions do not explicitly allow either the productivity or development of unobserved skills to vary as a child ages, which appears inconsistent with a growing body of scientific evidence. Empirically if one wishes to obtain unbiased parameter estimates of observed educational inputs researchers must properly account for these unobserved skills. In this paper, we introduce a strategy to estimate education production functions that allows for time-varying unobserved ability within individuals and a more general decaying pattern of observed inputs. Using experimental data from Project STAR we present evidence that accounting for both features is important in practice. We find that the effects of unobserved ability on cognitive achievement vary significantly not only between grades in the same subject area but also there is substantial heterogeneity in the impacts within grades.
Regeneration of late leaf spot-resistant groundnut plants from Cercosporidium personatum culture filtrate-treated callus

Cotyledon callus cultures of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) derived from tikka late leaf spot disease-susceptible and resistant genotypes were exposed to various concentrations of fungal culture filtrate (FCF) of Cercosporidium personatum, the causal fungal agent of tikka late leaf spot disease. Fresh weight and cell viability of calli were determined after exposure to various concentrations of FCF. Sensitive calli have failed to increase in fresh weight and lost viability after exposure to media containing the FCF whereas insensitive calli retained growth and maintained viability similar to controls, viz, calli not exposed to FCF, Insensitive calli were selected by culturing on growth medium containing various concentrations of the FCF. Resistant calli obtained by selection survived three subcultures under the same conditions and were used for plantlet regeneration, Regenerated plants when transferred to soil-sand mixture in plastic cups and subsequently shifted to field conditions, set few viable seeds. Plants of R-2 generation exhibited enhanced resistance to tikka late leaf spot disease.
Chemical immobilization of captive Cougars Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) (Carnivora: Felidae) using a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam, ketamine and xylazine

Handling of large felids is highly risky, hence immobilization is required for the safety of personnel. Data on the effects of anesthetic drugs used for immobilizing Cougars Puma concolor are scarce. This study describes the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg), ketamine (1.6mg/kg) and xylazine (0.4mg/kg) in pumas. Five captive adult and clinically healthy Cougars were included in this study. Animals were immobilized by remote injection using blow pipe and darts. The durations of induction, immobilization and recovery periods and their qualities were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and blood pressure were recorded at five minute intervals for 25 minutes. Then all animals received 0.125mg/kg of yohimbine, intramuscularly administered. Central tendency and dispersal statistics were calculated for each parameter. The duration of the induction period was 10.4±6.4 minutes and the duration of the recovery period was 83.3±35.1 minutes. Induction, immobilization and recovery periods were smooth and adequate anesthetic depth was achieved. The mean heart rate was 122±10 beats/minute, mean respiratory rate was 10±1 breaths/minute, mean body temperature was 39.1±0.2 0 C and mean blood pressure was 139±12 mmHg. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in vital parameters over the duration of the assessment. The tested anesthetic combination effectively immobilized the cougars included in this study and provided safety for the personnel involved. Though vital signs were not significantly affected, a degree of hypoventilation was observed and respiratory support is recommended when using this anesthetic combination in cougars.
MICROBIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF N, S AND P IN DEGRADED SOIL SUBJECTED TO ONE-YEAR REMEDIATION WITH VARIOUS WASTES

This study was conducted on the material originating from a reclamation experiment established in the area of the former Sulphur Mine “Jeziorko”, on a soil-less formation with a particle size distribution of weakly loamy sand, strongly acidified and with poor sorptive properties. In the particular treatments of the experiment, the following were applied to the soil-less formation: flotation lime and NPK; lime and sewage sludge; sewage sludge; mineral wool (5 cm 50 cm-1), lime and NPK; mineral wool (5 cm 50 cm-1), lime and sewage sludge; mineral wool (500 m3 ha-1), lime and NPK; mineral wool (500 m3 ha-1), lime and sewage sludge. Plots prepared in this manner were then sown with a mix of grasses. The control treatment in the experiment was the ground with no amendments. The analyses of the soil material comprised assays of the numbers of bacteria and fungi degrading protein, and of their enzymatic activities i.e. arylsulphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The waste materials applied to the degraded soil had a stimulating effect on the analyzed parameters. All of the wastes applied, and the sewage sludge in particular caused an increase in the numbers of proteolytic bacteria and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase. Sewage sludge applied separately or in combination with other wastes contributed also to an increase in the number of proteolytic fungi and to an intensification of the process of nitrification. The process of ammonification was also stimulated, but only under the effect of sewage sludge applied alone or together with lime. The application of mineral wool at the dose of 5 cm 50 cm-1 in combination with lime caused a slight decrease in the activity of that process.
Determinants of Growth in SADC Countries: A Fixed Effect Vector Decomposition Approach

This paper studies the determinants of economic growth for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries over the period of 1995-2011. A Fixed effect Vector Decomposition estimator (FEVD), which allows the estimation of the coefficient of the time-invariant and account for unobserved heterogeneity is employed to estimate the determinants of economic growth. The analysis also applies a Fixed Effects Two-Stage Least Squares estimator (FE-2SLS) to account for a possible endogeneity bias due to reverse causation between economic growth and government spending or other forms of endogeneity problem. Using the Fixed effect Vector Decomposition estimator we find that democracy, education – measured by enrolment rate, government expenditure, foreign direct investment, trade openness have the expected positive impact on economic growth. The results seem to hold fairly well when endogeneity of government spending is taken into account— the signs or directions of the above-mentioned estimated coefficients remain in line with our benchmark results.
Limited angle tomography of mesoscale gravity waves by the infrared limb-sounder GLORIA

Abstract. Three-dimensional measurements of gravity waves are required in order to quantify their direction-resolved momentum fluxes and obtain a better understanding of their propagation characteristics. Such 3-D measurements of gravity waves in the lowermost stratosphere have been provided by the airborne Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) using full angle tomography. Closed flight patterns of sufficient size are needed to acquire the full set of angular measurements for full angle tomography. These take about 2 h and are not feasible everywhere due to scientific reasons or air traffic control restrictions. Hence, this paper investigates the usability of limited angle tomography for gravity wave research based on synthetic observations. Limited angle tomography uses only a limited set of angles for tomographic reconstruction and can be applied to linear flight patterns. A synthetic end-to-end simulation has been performed to investigate the sensitivity of limited angle tomography to gravity waves with different wavelengths and orientations with respect to the flight path. For waves with wavefronts roughly perpendicular to the flight path, limited angle tomography and full angle tomography can derive wave parameters like wavelength, amplitude, and wave orientation with similar accuracy. For waves with a horizontal wavelength above 200 km and vertical wavelength above 3 km, the wavelengths can be retrieved with less than 10 % error, the amplitude with less than 20 % error, and the horizontal wave direction with an error below 10∘. This is confirmed by a comparison of results obtained from full angle tomography and limited angle tomography for real measurements taken on 25 January 2016 over Iceland. The reproduction quality of gravity wave parameters with limited angle tomography, however, depends strongly on the orientation of the waves with respect to the flight path. Thus, full angle tomography might be preferable in cases in which the orientation of the wave cannot be predicted or waves with different orientations exist in the same volume and thus the flight path cannot be adjusted accordingly. Also, for low-amplitude waves and short-scale waves full angle tomography has advantages due to its slightly higher resolution and accuracy.
An empirical study of the validity of the Spearman-Brown formula as applied to the Purdue rating scale.

When the same test is given at different times to the same persons, the correlation between the resulting scores gives a measure of the reliability of the test used. It is a well known fact that the reliability of a test is increased as its length is increased, but for some time there was no way of foretelling just how much the reliability would be increased in its length. There was need for a formula that would predict the reliability of a test n times as long as a given test. In 1911 William Brown published a formula which promised to meet this need. It was found to be only a special case of an earlier formula of Spearman's for finding the correlation between the sums or averages of scores. This revised formula is now in current use and is known as the Spearman-Brown prediction formula. If r,t is the coefficient of reliability of a test, then r», the coefficient of reliability of a test n times as long, is given by the formula:
Psychiatric morbidities of elderly psychiatry out-patients in a tertiary-care hospital

With the rise in life expectancy, the elder population is increasing. Morbidity profiles of elderly people may indicate different needs and priorities. This study aims to sort out referral pattern, attitude about psychiatric referral and morbidity profile among elderly psychiatric outpatients in a general hospital. A total of 100 consecutive elderly (>55 years) out-patients in psychiatry OPD coming into contact of the investigator and giving informed consent were enrolled. Diagnoses were made according the ICD-10. More (54%) were female, mainly of age, 55-70 years (79%). Main ethnicity groups seeking care were Mongol (32%), Brahmin (25%), indigenous Terai tribes (14%) and Newar (11%). People from cities and semi-urban settings predominated the study. Referrals made most commonly by the departments were medicine, family medicine, surgery and ENT. More than a fourth (28%) were dissatisfied and questioned about the referral to psychiatric service. Greater proportions (71%) were comfortable and happy about psychiatry referral. Mood related and physical complaints each were presenting complaints in about half of subjects. Major psychiatric diagnoses were mood affective, anxiety, substance use and organic psychiatric disorders. Great majority had physical co-morbidity. Common mental disorders among elderly psychiatry out-patients were mood affective, anxiety and substance use disorders. A significant number of elderly psychiatry out patients had physical comorbidity. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4. 6735
E-SERVICE QUALITY AND ITS EFFECT ON CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS TRUST

E-service quality measurement in online shopping has been receiving increasing attention currently and as a result, many studies have tried to highlight major dimensions of e-service quality linked with online environment. Excellent e-service quality is an important matter for online vendor. It is the factor that will enable them to attract more online customers. The aim of the study is to determine e-service quality and its effect on consumers’ perceptions of trust. A quantitative research design was adopted to collect data. Multiple regression analysis method was used to conduct this study. The findings of the study will contribute to both theory and practice. The results of this study have important contributions and implications for practitioners and policy-makers. This study contributed to the field of service quality expectations relationship with online shopping in the context of developing countries The findings also revealed that service quality was relatively significant in its impact on consumer trust in online shopping, proving the proposed positive direct impact of perceived service quality upon customer trust.
Factors Affecting Learning Organization and Innovative Organization

This paper is aimed firstly to explore factors which affect organizations to become learning organization and innovative organization; secondly, to study the correlation among those affecting factors. This paper has gathered concepts about affecting factors and reviewed of previous studies. The findings of this study indicate affecting factors including leadership, organizational culture, technology utilization, knowledge management, and those factors affect each other. Organizations can apply the findings into their planning and managing of policy and strategies for becoming learning organization and innovative organization and for sustainable development. Keywords: Learning Organization; Innovative Organization; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Technology Utilization; Knowledge Management
Critical essay : What works for whom in which circumstances ? On the need to move beyond the “ what works ? ” question in organizational intervention research

Organizational interventions can be defined as planned, behavioural, theory-based actions that aim to improve employee health and well-being through changing the way work is designed, organized and managed. The gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions is the use of randomized, controlled trials and meta-analyses. The key question according to this paradigm is whether this type of interventions work or not, however, answering this questions offers little practical insights into how organizations and policy makers may plan and implement future organizational interventions. In the present critical essay, we discuss the limitations of this paradigm. We argue that realist evaluation and realist syntheses may offer a more informative alternative. The key questions of realist evaluation are what works for whom in which circumstances. These questions are explored through the identification of the mechanisms that bring about desired outcomes and in which contextual circumstances such mechanisms may be triggered (CMO-configurations). In the present essay, we suggest that organizational intervention content and process mechanisms may help bring about the desired outcomes of improved employee health and well-being and that the omnibus and discrete contextual factors determine whether mechanisms are facilitated.