Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing Community: The Experience of Mental Health Consumers

In this article we describe a focus group study of the perspectives of diverse groups of mental health consumers on the concept of community. We identify the core domains that constitute the notion of community, and commonalities and differences in the perception of community along the lines of ethnicity and sexual orientation/gender identity. Seven focus groups were conducted with a total of 62 participants. Transcripts were analyzed using the grounded theory approach.Two domains—togetherness and community acceptance—emerged as common to four types of communities that were most frequently mentioned in the focus group discussion. Our findings show that identities other than those associated with mental illness and the role of service user are critical to the understanding of the psychological sense of community among persons with psychiatric disabilities. We suggest that mental health providers empower consumers to expand their “personal communities” beyond that of mental health clients using their diverse identities, and design interventions for addressing the stigma emanating from identities that are discriminated against by the wider society.
Cancer Therapy : Preclinical Concomitant BRAFandPI 3 K / mTORBlockade IsRequired for Effective Treatment of BRAFV 600 E Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: BRAF mutations are associated with poor clinical prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although selective BRAF inhibitors are effective for treatment ofmelanoma, comparable efforts inCRChave been disappointing. Here, we investigated potential mechanisms underlying this resistance to BRAF inhibitors in BRAF CRC. Experimental Design: We examined phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR signaling in BRAF CRC cell lines after BRAF inhibition and cell viability and apoptosis after combined BRAF and PI3K/mTOR inhibition. We assessed the efficacy of in vivo combination treatment using a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for BRAF CRC. Results: Western blot analysis revealed sustained PI3K/mTOR signaling upon BRAF inhibition. Our BRAF GEMM presented with sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, as seen in humans. Combination treatment in vivo resulted in induction of apoptosis and tumor regression. Conclusions: We have established a novel GEMM to interrogate BRAF CRC biology and identify more efficacious treatment strategies. Combination BRAF and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor treatment should be explored in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 19(10); 2688–98. 2013 AACR.
Some Issues in Using Sign Restrictions for Identifying Structural VARs

The paper looks at estimation of structural VARs with sign restrictions. Since sign restrictions do not generate a unique model it is necessary to find some way of summarizing the information they yield. Existing methods present impulse responses from different models and it is argued that they should come from a common model. If this is not done the implied shocks implicit in the impulse responses will not be orthogonal. A method is described that tries to resolve this difficulty. It works with a common model whose impulse responses are as close as possible to the median values of the impulse responses (taken over the range of models satisfying the sign restrictions). Using a simple demand and supply model it is shown that there is no reason to think that sign restrictions will generate better quantitative estimates of the effects of shocks than existing methods such as assuming a system is recursive.
Taking it as red: an introduction to the Theme Section on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.redlist.org) is a comprehensive list of relative extinction risk for species throughout the world, and it is commonly referenced in the scien- tific literature. Established in 1963, the IUCN Red List and its Criteria have been revised regularly to make them more scientific and objective. Nevertheless, the aim of the IUCN Red List to establish global standards across varied taxa has generated some controversy, particularly in terms of what is the most appropriate scale for both assessing the threat of extinction and setting conservation priori- ties for particular species. The papers included in this Theme Section of Endangered Species Research focus on the IUCN Red List and provide several recommendations for strengthening this conservation tool.
Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Flowers of Senecio othonnae, S. racemosus, and S. nemorensis

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Senecio othonnae, S. racemosus, and S. nemorensis obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh flowers were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of seventy-six compounds were identified, constituting over 83.1%, 97.7% and 86.8% of the total oil composition of the flowers of S. othonnae, S. racemosus, and S. nemorensis. The main components of the oils were caryophyllene oxide (18.6%), (E)-β-farnesene (21.6%), and γ-curcumene (42.8%), respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of constituents of all three species, forming 34.6%, 73.2%, and 81.8% of the oils, respectively. The oils of S. othonnae, and S. nemorensis showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida tropicalis, but that of S. racemosus was only active against Candida tropicalis.
Stochastic equilibrium

This article considers three standard asset pricing models with adaptive agents and stochastic dividends. The models only di er in the parameters to be estimated. We assume that only limited information is used to construct estimators. Therefore, parameters are not estimated consistently. More precisely, we assume that the parameters are estimated by exponential smoothing, where past parameters are down-weighted and the weight of recent observations does not decrease with time. This situation is familiar for applications in nance. Even if time series of volatile stocks or bonds are available for a long time, only recent data is used in the analysis. In this situation the prices do not converge and remain a random variable. This raises the question how to describe equilibrium behavior with stochastic prices. However, prices can reveal properties such as ergodicity, such that the law of the price process converges to a stationary law, which provides a natural and useful extension of the idea of equilibrium behavior of an economic system for a stochastic setup. It is this implied law of the price process that we investigate in this paper. We provide conditions for the ergodicity and analyze the stationary distribution. JEL-Classi cation: D83, D84, G10.
Pancolonic motor response to subsensory and suprasensory sacral nerve stimulation in patients with slow‐transit constipation

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is emerging as a potential treatment for patients with constipation. Although SNS can elicit an increase in colonic propagating sequences (PSs), the optimal stimulus parameters for this response remain unknown. This study evaluated the colonic motor response to subsensory and suprasensory SNS in patients with slow‐transit constipation.
Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: An Egyptian single center experience

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, occurs in 90% of the cases in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) [1]. In recent years, its incidence has increased as consequence of chronic hepatitis C virus infections [2]. Therapeutic options with curative intent for small HCCs are now increasingly recognized [3]. The optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is surgical resection. However, only a small percentage of patients are operative candidates. Surgical resection is generally considered an efficient treatment, but its use in the context of chronic liver disease (CLD), is limited because of significant morbidity, which could be at least in part, related to the laparotomy itself. Since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic surgery has become a popular surgical technique [4] and has been applied to solid organs. Initial laparoscopic liver procedures included biopsies [5], tumour staging [6], and the fenestration of nonparasitic liver cysts [7]. The improvement in surgical techniques and also, various devices have been designed and developed to minimize the blood loss during transaction of the liver tissue which has allowed the development of laparoscopic liver resection to gain popularity. Recent advances in laparoscopic ultrasound have greatly improved the accuracy in detecting intrahepatic HCC nodules, many of which were missed by computed tomography [8]. Also, it will help for accurate evaluation of hepatic cirrhosis status as well as the outer and safety margin of HCC during surgery. Abstract
Effect of erythromycin on image quality and transit time of capsule endoscopy: a two-center study.

AIM To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, blinded (to the type of preparation) review of 100 CE studies, 50 with no preparation with prokinetics from one medical center (Group A) and 50 from another center with administration of a single dose of 200 mg oral erythromycin 1 h prior to CE (Group B). Gastric, SB and total transit times were calculated, the presence of bile in the duodenum was scored, as was cleanliness within the proximal, middle and distal intestine. RESULTS The erythromycin group had a slightly shorter gastric transit time (21 min vs 28 min, with no statistical significance). SB transit time was similar for both groups (all P > 0.05). Total transit time was almost identical in both groups. The rate of incomplete examination was 16% for Group A and 10% for Group B (P = 0.37). Bile and cleanliness scores in different parts of the intestine were similar for the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Preparation for capsule endoscopy with erythromycin does not affect SB or total transit time. It tends to reduce gastric transit time, but it does not increase the cecum-reaching rate. Erythromycin does not adversely affect image quality. We consider the routine use of oral erythromycin preparation as being unjustified, although it might be considered in patients with known prolonged gastric emptying time.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Smokeless Tobacco Users Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

There is a dearth of literature regarding the pregnancy outcomes in antenatal women using smokeless tobacco products (STP). Objective: To compare maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes in antenatal women using smokeless tobacco products with those not using tobacco products. Method: Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Guru Teg Bahadur hospital, Delhi received brief information about smokeless tobacco products. Antenatal women using STP and matched controls, 92 in each group (total 184) were recruited for the study. After obtaining consent, the urinary cotinine level was measured in both groups at first contact. Antenatal, labour and postpartum events were recorded in both groups. Urinary cotinine levels were again measured at 6 months in the user group. Results: Average age of antenatal women under study was 24.8 yrs and 25.21 yrs in user and non-user groups respectively. More women in the user group were illiterate (P ? 20.39 μg/ml and 24.37 +/? 20.14 μg/ml respectively (p
Rosetting and other reactions of the Reed‐Sternberg cell

Clustering of lymphocytes around Reed-Sternberg cells was noticed in single cell suspensions made from viable Hodgkin's lymphoid tissue. Cytocentrifugation of the suspension showed that clustering also occurred around a smaller cell type, thought to be the precursor of the classical Reed-Sternberg cell. Time-lapse cine films taken of the clustering showed unceasing activity on the part of the lymphocytes migrating over the surface of the central cell. Reed-Sternberg cells were reacted with anti-monocyte serum using indirect fluorescence techniques. In its mature form at least, the Reed-Sternberg cell showed no activity with the antiserum. No immunoglobulin was detected in the Reed-Sternberg cell using fluorescence techniques, but a few Reed-Sternberg cells showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining using the peroxidase-labelled antibody technique. Membrane receptor tests showed the lymphocytes surrounding the Reed-Sternberg cell to be T-cells. After proteolytic enzyme treatment to free lymphocytes from the surface, the Reed-Sternberg cell bound IgG-coated red blood cells indicating a probable Fc receptor. Cytochemistry demonstrated weak non-specific esterase activity in a small minority of Reed-Sternberg cells, and absence of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase. A subpopulation of lymphocytes with distinctive segmentation of the nucleus was noted. These were often to be seen participating in lymphocyte rosettes around the Reed-Sternberg cell.
Haemophilus influenzae resides and multiplies intracellularly in human adenoid tissue as demonstrated by in situ hybridization and bacterial viability assay

The DNA oligomer 5'-d(TGCGGCCTCTCAGTCCCGCACTTTCATCTTCC)-3' specifically recognizes Haemophilus influenzae 16S rRNA. We report here the use of this oligonucleotide, with a fluorescein label tagged on its 5' end, as a probe for the in situ detection of nonencapsulated nontypeable H. influenzae in sections of adenoid tissue from 10 children who were clinically infection free but were having their adenoids removed because of nasal obstruction. In some cases, the reticular crypt epithelium was focally infiltrated by H. influenzae. The reservoir for these bacterial colonizations, in all likelihood long standing, seemed to be macrophage-like cells found in the subepithelial layers in all 10 cases. These mononuclear cells contained up to 200 intracellular H. influenzae cells. In the transmission electron macroscope, macrophage-like cells with intracellular bacteria with coccoid morphology, at least some of which were dividing, were seen. Adenoid cell suspensions, enriched for macrophages by use of paramagnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies against the CD14 marker, yielded up to 1,100 CFU of nontypeable H. influenzae per 10(5) cells after killing of extracellular bacteria with gentamicin followed by mechanical lysis of the cells.
Autonomous Collection of Forest Field Reference - The Outlook and a First Step with UAV Laser Scanning

A compact solution for the accurate and automated collection of field data in forests has long been anticipated, and tremendous efforts have been made by applying various remote sensing technologies. The employment of advanced techniques, such as the smartphone-based relascope, terrestrial and mobile photogrammetry, and laser scanning, have led to steady progress, thus steering their applications to a practical stage. However, all recent strategies require human operation for data acquisition, either to place the instrument on site (e.g., terrestrial laser scanning, TLS) or to carry the instrument by an operator (e.g., personal laser scanning, PLS), which remained laborious and expensive. In this paper, a new concept of autonomous forest field investigation is proposed, which includes data collection above and inside the forest canopy by integrating an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) with autonomous driving. As a first step towards realizing this concept, the feasibility of automated tree-level field measurements from a mini-UAV laser scanning system is evaluated. A “low-cost” Velodyne Puck LITE laser scanner is applied for the test. It is revealed that, with the above canopy flight data, the detection rate was 100% for isolated and dominant trees. The accuracy of direct measurements on the diameter at breast height (DBH) from the point cloud is between 5.5 and 6.8 cm due to the system and the methodological error propagation. The estimation of DBH from point cloud metrics, on the other hand, showed an accuracy of 2.6 cm, which is comparable to the accuracies obtained with terrestrial surveys using mobile laser scanning (MLS), TLS or photogrammetric point clouds. The estimation of basal area, stem volume and biomass of individual trees could be obtained with less than 20% RMSE, which is adequate for field reference measurements at tree level. Such results indicate that the concept of UAV laser scanning-based automated tree-level field reference collection can be feasible, even though the whole topic requires further research.
Electrolocation Sensors in Conducting Water Bio-Inspired by Electric Fish

This article presents the first research into designing an active sensor inspired by electric fish. It is notable for its potential for robotics underwater navigation and exploration tasks in conditions where vision and sonar would meet difficulty. It could also be used as a complementary omnidirectional, short range sense to vision and sonar. Combined with a well defined engine geometry, this sensor can be modeled analytically. In this article, we focus on a particular measurement mode where one electrode of the sensor acts as a current emitter and the others as current receivers. In spite of the high sensitivity required by electric sense, the first results show that we can obtain a detection range of the order of the sensor length, which suggests that this sensor principle can be used for robotics obstacle avoidance as it is illustrated at the end of the article.
Update on modern neuraxial analgesia in labour: a review of the literature of the last 5 years

Several strategies and alternative therapies have been used to provide analgesia for labour pain. Over the last few years, a number of improvements have enhanced the efficacy and safety of neuraxial analgesia and ultimately have improved mothers’ satisfaction with their birth experience. As labour analgesia is a field of obstetric anaesthesia that is rapidly evolving, this review is an update, from a clinical point of view, of developments over the last 5–7 years. We discuss advantages and controversies related to combined spinal‐epidural analgesia, patient controlled epidural analgesia and the integration of computer systems into analgesic modalities. We also review the recent literature on future clinical and research perspectives including ultrasound guided neuraxial block placement, epidural adjuvants and pharmacogenetics. We finally look at the latest work with regards to epidural analgesia and breastfeeding.
Separating path systems

We study separating systems of the edges of a graph where each member of the separating system is a path. We conjecture that every $n$-vertex graph admits a separating path system of size $O(n)$ and prove this in certain interesting special cases. In particular, we establish this conjecture for random graphs and graphs with linear minimum degree. We also obtain tight bounds on the size of a minimal separating path system in the case of trees.
Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus in Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

Abstract Gastric dilatation and volvulus is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid accumulation of food and gases that cause displacement and distension of the stomach. The large and giant, deep-chested breeds of dogs are at higher risk for developing the gastric dilatation and volvulus. Uncommonly, it can also develop in cats, but it is also described in free-range polar bears. A case of gastric dilatation and volvulus in a brown bear (Ursus arctos) is described in this paper. This case was characterized by lack of any previous symptoms, sudden death, as well as macroscopic findings during necropsy - twisted distended stomach, congested displaced spleen and necrotic gastric wall. According to the available data this is the first described case report of the gastric dilatation and volvulus in brown bear (Ursus arctos).
Microbiological Profile of Donor Corneas: A Retrospective Study from an Eye Bank in North India

Purpose: To study the microbiological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganisms cultured from donor corneas and evaluate with respect to the decontamination protocols during the study period. Methods: Retrospective review of microbiological culture reports of 2291 donor eyes sent from January 2000 to December 2003. Donor corneas were treated with 0.4% gentamicin (phase I), 1% povidone-iodine and 0.4% gentamicin (phase II), and 5% povidone-iodine with 0.4% amikacin (phase III). Limbal swabs taken by the eye bank technician after antimicrobial decontamination of donor eyes and sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture were tracked. The positive culture reports with antibiotic sensitivity pattern were studied and results correlated with decontamination protocols. Results: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Alkaligenes faecalis were the 3 most common isolates overall. The percentage of positive bacterial cultures reduced when we used 5% povidone-iodine and 0.4% amikacin (31.3%) as compared to 1% povidone-iodine and 0.4% gentamicin (61.8%) (P < 0.001). Addition of povidone-iodine decreased positive fungal cultures from 6% in phase I to 2.2% in phase II (P < 0.01) and 1.9% in phase III (P < 0.01). Amongst the total bacterial cultures sent after antimicrobial treatment, Gram-positive bacteria decreased from 38.6% (64/166) in phase I to 27.6% (402/1457) and 10.8% (72/668) in phases II and III, respectively (P < 0.001), and Gram-negative bacteria increased from 10.2% (17/166) to 18.8% (274/1457) and 19.8% (132/668), respectively (P = 0.02). Amongst the positive bacterial cultures, the proportion of Gram-positive bacteria decreased from 79.0% (64/81) in phase I to 59.5% (402/676) and 35.3% (72/204) in phases II and III, respectively (P < 0.001), and that of Gram-negative bacteria increased from 21.0% (17/81) to 40.5% (274/676) and 64.7% (132/204), respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Different combinations of antimicrobials failed to eliminate all organisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria from the donor corneal surface. The increase in proportion of Gram-negative bacteria despite the use of amikacin combined with povidone-iodine suggests a need to find a better combination for decontamination of donor corneal tissue.