Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Men’s career development and marriage timing during a period of rising inequality

Based on data from 1979–1990 NLSY interviews, we investigate the implications of rising economic inequality for young men’s marriage timing. Our approach is to relate marriage formation to the ease or difficulty of the career-entry process and to show that large race/schooling differences in career development lead to substantial variations in marriage timing. We develop measures of current career “maturity” and of long-term labor-market position. Employing discrete-time event-history methods, we show that these variables have a substantial impact on marriage formation for both blacks and whites. Applying our regression results to models based on observed race/schooling patterns of career development, we then estimate cumulative proportions ever married in a difficult versus an easy career-entry process. We find major differences in the pace of marriage formation, depending on the difficulty of the career transition. We also find considerable differences in these marriage timing patterns across race/schooling groups corresponding to the large observed differences in the speed and difficulty of career transitions between and within these groups
Aerosols – Dusts , Fumes and Mists

Instead of the definitions for total dust and fine dust which were used in the past, from 1996 the new internationally agreed conventions for measuring concentrations of particles (DIN EN 481, 1993) are to be used in the establishment of MAK values. Therefore the definitions of particle fractions and the methods of measuring them have been modified in line with this convention and also extended to apply to all aerosols, that is, not only to dusts but also to fumes and mist.
Compilation of tRNA sequences and sequences of tRNA genes.

Maintained at the Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, the Compilation of tRNA Sequences and Sequences of tRNA Genes is accessible at the URL http://www.tRNA. uni-bayreuth.de with mirror site located at the Institute of Protein Research,Pushchino,Russia (http://alpha.protres.ru/ trnadbase). The compilation is a searchable, periodically updated database of currently available tRNA sequences. The present version of the database contains a newGenomic tRNA Compilation including the sequences of tRNA genes from genomic sequences published up to July 2003. It consists of about 5800 tRNA gene sequences from 111 organisms covering archaea, bacteria, higher and lower eukarya. The formerCompilationof tRNAGenes (up to theendof1998) and the updated Compilation tRNA Sequences (561 entries) are also supported by the new software. The database can be explored by using multiple search criteria and sequence templates. The database provides a service that allows to obtain statistical information on the occurrences of certain bases at given positions of the tRNA sequences. This allows phylogenic studies and search for identity elements in respect to interactions of tRNAs with various
A Pragmatic Legal Expert System

Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. Yet the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer's approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning.Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer-not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence.A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice.SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure.SHYSTER is of a general design: it provides advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those legal domains.Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.
Development of the human wrist joint ligaments

Many studies have been published on the development of the human wrist joint, but scant attention has been given to the development of the wrist joint ligaments. Moreover, traditional description of wrist anatomy usually depict only the superficial capsular fibers of the wrist joint. The only ligamentous structure to receive much attention is the articular disc of the wrist joint, which has been described as a fibro‐cartilaginous structure extending from the medial edge of the lower end of the radius to the ulnar styloid process.
Transforming growth factor-beta1 level correlates with angiogenesis, tumor progression, and prognosis in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF- beta1) is a multifunctional factor and is known to affect tumor growth in malignant tumors. The effects of TGF-beta1 on angiogenesis, stromal formation, and immune function suggest its possible involvement in tumor progression. The authors examined whether TGF-beta1 levels may be correlated with angiogenesis, clinicopathologic factors, and survival in patients with surgically resected lung carcinoma. METHODS TGF-beta1 protein was extracted from 53 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma tissue samples (19 squamous cell carcinomas, 33 adenocarcinomas, and 1 adenosquamous cell carcinoma), and its level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess tumor angiogenesis, microvessel density (MVD) was determined by CD31 immunostaining. RESULTS The protein level of TGF-beta1 was 289 picograms per milligram of protein (pg/mg protein), ranging from 94 pg/mg protein to 584 pg/mg protein. The TGF-beta1 protein level was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with patients who were without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02), and the TGF-beta1 protein level was significantly higher in patients with Stage III disease (TNM classification) compared with patients who had Stage I and II disease (P = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between the TGF-beta1 protein level and any of the other clinicopathologic factors that were considered. A significant positive correlation between TGF-beta1 protein level and MVD was noted (P < 0.01). Furthermore, in patients with adenocarcinoma, a significant correlation between TGF-beta1 protein level and prognosis was detected by multivariate analysis (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta1 seems to affect tumor angiogenesis and to play an important role in tumor progression in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Furthermore, the TGF-beta1 protein level may be an independent predictor of survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung.
ESTIMATING THE POWER SPECTRUM OF A WIDE SENSE STATIONARY RANDOM PROCESS USING PARAMETRIC APPROACHES (AR, MA)

Non-parametric methods of Spectrum Estimation like Periodogram, Modified Periodogram, Bartlett, Welch and Blackman-Tukey are not always efficient in finding out the power spectral densities of random sequences. This is due to their limitations such as spectral leakage, windowing of the autocorrelation sequence, poor resolution and incapability to include the information that is available about the process into the estimation procedure etc. Under such circumstances the parametric approach of spectrum estimation outperforms the nonparametric ones and helps in producing high resolution spectral estimates. The parametric models that are commonly used include autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA). This paper investigates the work of realization of AR and MA methods using MATLAB.
Activity of selenazofurin against influenza A and B viruses in vitro

Activity of the new antiviral compound selenazofurin was compared with the known active compounds ribavirin and amantadine against influenza A and B viruses. In experiments with Madin Darby canine kidney cells, selenazofurin inhibited the cytopathic effect and yield of influenza A/NWS/33 virus, with 50% effective dose ranges of 0.7 to 1.4 micrograms/ml (virus rating [VR], 1.3 to 1.4). The 50% effective dose range for ribavirin was 1.2 to 1.6 micrograms/ml (VR, 1.0 to 1.3), and for amantadine it was 9 micrograms/ml (VR, 0.9). Selenazofurin and ribavirin were similarly inhibitory to influenza B/Lee/40 virus, whereas amantadine was inactive. Selenazofurin appeared somewhat cytotoxic in these studies at concentrations as low as 1 micrograms/ml.
A late fusion approach for harnessing multi-cnn model high-level features

The high-level feature representation of deep convo-lutional neural networks (ConvNets) has proven to be superior to hand-crafted low-level features. Thus, this study investigates the effect of fusing such high-level features from multi-deep ConvNets under an application of visual object/scene categorization. In which, three pre-trained ConvNets are exploited as feature extractors, a single hidden layer is adopted to transform the highlevel representations to a low dimensional feature space and that are fused to harness the rich cues of the individual features. The experimental outcomes on six benchmark databases demonstrate that regardless of variation in visual statistics and tasks the fusion of multi-ConvNets' high-level features can meliorate the classification accuracy compared with a single modality, different ConvNets contain complementary cues of visual contents, and the fusion is capable of producing a very competitive performance to the state-of-the-art methods. Besides that, this fusion approach can be an effective complement to the ConvNets.
Strong non-Boussinesq effects near the onset of convection in a fluid near its critical point

Measurements of fluctuations and convection patterns in horizontal layers of fluid heated from below and near the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) are reported under conditions where the fluid properties vary strongly over the temperature range ΔT = Tb − Tt (Tb and Tt are the temperatures at the bottom and top of the sample, respectively). To facilitate a comparison with the data, the theory of Busse (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 30, 1967, p. 625) of these so called non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq (NOB) effects, which applies to the case of relatively weak (and linear) temperature dependences, was extended to arbitrary variations with temperature. It is conceptually useful to divide the variations with temperature of the fluid properties into two disjunct parts. One part is chosen so that it preserves the reflection symmetry of the system about the horizontal midplane, while the remainder breaks that symmetry. The latter, exclusively considered by Busse, leads (in contrast to the formation of the typical convection rolls in RBC) to hexagons immediately above the transition to convection at the critical temperature difference ΔTc. The symmetric part, on the other hand, does not prevent the bifurcation to rolls, but may become very important for the determination of ΔTc. In the experiment the fluid was sulfur hexafluoride at temperatures above but close to the gas–liquid critical point, where all fluid properties vary strongly with temperature. All measurements were done along isobars by varying ΔT. Patterns were observed above onset (ΔT ≳ ΔTc), while for the conduction state at ΔT < ΔTc there were only fluctuations induced by Brownian motion. When the mean temperature Tm = (Tb + Tt)/2 was such that the density ρ at Tm was equal to the critical density ρ*, the mirror symmetry about the horizontal midplane of the sample was essentially preserved. In that case, as expected, we found a direct transition to rolls and the critical temperature difference ΔTc was considerably shifted compared to the critical value ΔTc,OB in the absence of NOB effects. When, on the other hand, Tm was not located on the critical isochore, the NOB effects broke the reflection symmetry and led to a hysteretic transition from fluctuations to hexagonal patterns. In this latter case the hexagonal pattern, the observed hysteresis at onset and the transition from hexagons to rolls at larger ΔT were consistent with the ‘classical’ predictions by Busse.
Signaling molecules and pathways regulating the fate of spermatogonial stem cells

Spermatogenesis is the process that involves the division and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) into mature spermatozoa. SSCs are a subpopulation of type A spermatogonia resting on the basement membrane in the mammalian testis. Self‐renewal and differentiation of SSCs are the foundation of normal spermatogenesis, and thus a better understanding of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in the SSCs is of paramount importance for the regulation of spermatogenesis and may eventually lead to novel targets for male contraception as well as for gene therapy of male infertility and testicular cancer. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms is also of great interest to a better understanding of SSC aging and for developing novel therapeutic strategies for degenerative diseases in view of the recent work demonstrating the pluripotent potential of the SSC. Progress has recently been made in elucidating the signaling molecules and pathways that determine cell fate decisions of SSCs. In this review, we first address the morphological features, phenotypic characteristics, and the potential of SSCs, and then we focus on the recent advances in defining the key signaling molecules and crucial signaling pathways regulating self‐renewal and differentiation of SSCs. The association of aberrant expression of signaling molecules and cascades with abnormal spermatogenesis and testicular cancer are also discussed. Finally, we point out potential future directions to pursue in research on signaling pathways of SSCs. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum ovale

Twenty children (mean age 9 weeks) with infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (ISD) were investigated with cultures for bacteria, Pityrosporum ovale and other fungi, and 20 healthy children served as controls. P. ovale and Staphylococcus aureus were the dominant organisms. P. ovale was cultured in 18 of 20 infants with ISD as compared to 4 of 20 controls. S. aureus was cultured in 14 of 20 infants with ISD as compared to 1 of 20 controls. The role of S. aureus in ISD is not known, but it could be a secondary invader as is supposed in atopic dermatitis (AD). Even if P. ovale may be suspected as the aetiological agent of ISD further studies are needed to clarify the exact role of the organism in ISD.
Accelerated Proteasomal Degradation of Membrane Ig Heavy Chains1

Membrane IgG H chains turn over considerably more rapidly than secretory Ig H chains in the 18-81 A2 pre-B cell line. This rapid degradation occurs in proteasomes. N-Glycosylated membrane Ig H chains accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum in the presence of proteasomal inhibitors, suggesting that retrotranslocation and proteasomal degradation of membrane Ig H chains may be closely coupled processes. Accelerated proteasomal degradation of membrane Ig H chains was also observed in transfected nonlymphoid cells. At steady state, the membrane form of the H chain associates more readily with Bip and calnexin than its secretory counterpart. The preferential recognition of membrane, as opposed to secretory, Ig H chains by some endoplasmic reticulum chaperones, may provide an explanation for the accelerated proteasomal degradation of the former.
Aquatic toxicity of cationic surfactants to Daphnia magna

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modelling of aquatic toxicity for cationic surfactants has received limited attention despite the fact that surfactants of this type are generally more toxic than predicted by general narcosis or polar narcosis equations. Here we report measurement of log P for three types of aromatic quaternary ammonium halides at sub-micellar concentrations, refinement of earlier rules for log P calculation, and development of a hydrophobicity based QSAR, using both calculated and measured log P values, for the aquatic toxicity of quaternary ammonium halides to Daphnia magna. The QSAR for cationics has a substantially larger intercept than the log P-based QSARs for nonionic and anionic surfactants. This is rationalised in terms of the head group interactions with membrane phospholipid in a two-dimensional partitioning model. The effect of the positive nitrogen on the log P contributions of methylene groups along alkyl chains varies, depending on the other groups bonded to the positive nitrogen. We propose a mechanistic explanation, but until these effects can be put on a more predictable quantitative basis it is recommended that, for quaternaries other than the three types discussed here, calculated log P values should not be relied on and experimental values should be determined, e.g. for prediction of toxicity by the QSAR equation reported here.
Board structure and firm value: a study on listed banking firms in the Asian emerging markets

The banking sector in developing countries is regarded as an engine of economic growth (Arun, 2004). It is believed that corporate governance is necessary to ensure a sound financial system and, consequently, help develop the country's economy. Using a Pooled Generalised Least Squares (GLS) regression model, the relationship between board structure and bank's performance is analysed. A total of 107 listed banks in nine countries of the Asian emerging markets were included in the study. It is evidenced that only one aspect of board structure, which is CEO Duality, is positively significant, with market-based corporate performance.
Increase in 2-long terminal repeat circles and decrease in D-dimer after raltegravir intensification in patients with treated HIV infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The degree to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to replicate during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is controversial. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess whether raltegravir intensification reduces low-level viral replication, as defined by an increase in the level of 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles. METHODS Thirty-one subjects with an ART-suppressed plasma HIV RNA level of <40 copies/mL and a CD4(+) T-cell count of ≥350 cells/mm(3) for ≥1 year were randomly assigned to receive raltegravir 400 mg twice daily or placebo for 24 weeks. 2-LTR circles were analyzed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 8. RESULTS The median duration of ART suppression was 3.8 years. The raltegravir group had a significant increase in the level of 2-LTR circles, compared to the placebo group. The week 1 to 0 ratio was 8.8-fold higher (P = .0025) and the week 2 to 0 ratio was 5.7-fold higher (P = .023) in the raltegravir vs. placebo group. Intensification also led to a statistically significant decrease in the D-dimer level, compared to placebo (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS Raltegravir intensification resulted in a rapid increase in the level of 2-LTR circles in a proportion of subjects, indicating that low-level viral replication persists in some individuals even after long-term ART. Intensification also reduced the D-dimer level, a coagulation biomarker that is predictive of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving treatment for HIV infection.
Aprende Mejor Con: Gimnasia Cerebral

Este libro en general busca desarrollar y potencializar de forma eficaz, habilidades y capacidades de aprendizaje como la lectura, la comprension, soluciones matematicas, coordinacion, ubicacionespacio-temporal, creatividad, incrementacion de la memoria y manejo de algunas emociones. Se divide en dos secciones. La primera de ella da cuenta de la informacion mas relevante sobre la relacion cuerpo-mente y la forma en como esta relacion favorece el aprendizaje para hacerlo integral. Ademas de dar a conocer de forma explicita las diferentes formas en que el ser humano aprende, como interioriza lo que aprende y que sucede en su cerebro cuando aprende. De forma concisa y utilizando un vocabulario coloquial y claro, la lectura nos lleva por un recorrido por los sentidos de nuestro cuerpo, resaltando la importancia de cada uno, ademas de los beneficios que en cuanto aprendizaje nos brinda, por el hecho de ponernos mas en contacto con la informacion y hacerla mas significativa para todos. La segunda parte, propone diversos ejercicios de gimnasia, faciles de realizar y que coadyuvan y complementan el aprendizaje y los procesos mentales que el ser humano requiere. El conocimiento teorico y la parte practica, potencializan la velocidad de aprender y al mismo tiempo buscan desarrollar habilidades y capacidades del ser humano. Este Libro puede ser utilizado por: Docentes: de todos los niveles, solo deben guiar a las personas que estan realizando los ejercicios para que lo hagan de la mejor forma. Alumnos: A partir de primaria. Personas en general: que esten interesadas en incrementar su aprendizaje y hacerlo de forma activa y rapida. Creo que es un libro muy bueno, porque no solo contiene la teoria sino que propone ejercicios muy faciles para lograr sus objetivos.
Clinical implications of antibiotic impact on gastrointestinal microbiota and Clostridium difficile infection

ABSTRACT The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays an important role in human health. Anaerobic bacteria prevalent in the normal colon suppress the growth of non-commensal microorganisms, thus maintaining colonic homeostasis. The GI microbiota is influenced by both patient-specific and environmental factors, particularly antibiotics. Antibiotics can alter the native GI microbiota composition, leading to decreased colonization resistance and opportunistic proliferation of non-native organisms. A common and potentially serious antibiotic-induced sequela associated with GI microbiota imbalance is Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which may become recurrent if dysbiosis persists. This review focuses on the association between antibiotics and CDI, and the antibiotic-induced disruption leading to recurrent CDI. Promoting antibiotic stewardship is pivotal in protecting native microbiota and reducing the incidence of CDI and other GI infections.