Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Incompressible Flows with Coupled FEM/EFG shape functions

A method for the simulation of incompressible flows is described which is able to handle geometrically complex situations, such as those including moving and rotating objects in the flow field. In these situations, standard meshbased methods such as the finite element method (FEM) may fail if a suitable mesh can not be maintained at reasonable cost throughout the simulation. The proposed method introduces the desirable features of meshfree methods in parts of the domain where the mesh generates problems. This is realized by coupling FEM and element‐free Galerkin (EFG) shape functions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fair Trade Certification and Livelihoods: A Panel Data Analysis of Coffee-growing Households in India

This study analyzes the participation decision and income impacts of fair-trade coffee certification on small-scale coffee producers in the Araku valley in India using panel data for 183 households and endogenous-switching and quantile regression methods. The results show that fair trade certification has a positive effect on income; the income of certified farmers is 17 percent higher on average than the income of uncertified coffee producers. Furthermore, fair trade certification has a “bottom of the pyramid” effect in that the largest income gains accrue to farmers in the poorer quantiles.
Invoicing Currency, Firm Size, and Hedging

We use the results of a survey conducted on a sample of 3,013 exporting firms located in 5 EMU countries to explore the link between the invoicing currency of exports, firm size, and hedging. About 90% of firms in the sample invoice exports in their (producer) currency. Large firms are more likely to use another currency. The aggregate use of the euro is thus 15 percentage points lower when firms are weighted by their size than for the average firm. This heterogeneity is robust to controlling for determinants of the invoicing choice stressed by the literature. We however show that large firms and firms pricing in another currency as the euro are also more likely to hedge against exchange rate risk. An IV estimation shows the causal impact of access to hedging on the choice of the invoicing currency. We find (large) firms having access to hedging being more likely to invoice in the importer’s currency.
(International) R&D Collaboration and SMEs: The Effectiveness of Targeted Public R&D Support Schemes

This study analyses the effectiveness of targeted public support for R&D investment. In particular, we test whether the specific policy design aiming at incentivizing (international) collaboration and R&D in small and mediumsized firms achieves the desired objectives on input as well as output additionality. Our results show that the targeted R&D subsidies accelerate R&D spending in the private sector, and especially so in the targeted groups. Further, we differentiate between privately financed R&D and subsidyinduced R&D investment to evaluate their respective effects on innovation performance. The results confirm that the induced R&D is productive as it translates into marketable product innovations. While both types of R&D investments trigger significant output effects, we find that the effect of subsidy-induced R&D investment is higher for firms that collaborate internationally as well as for SMEs.
From the SelectedWorks of Jesse A Zinn 2013 Modelling Biased Judgement with Weighted Updating

The weighted updating model is a generalization of Bayesian updating that allows for biased beliefs by weighting the functions that constitute Bayes’ rule with real exponents. This paper shows that weighting a distribution affects the information entropy of the resulting distribution, suggesting that weighted updating can model biases in which individuals mistake the information content of data. The paper augments the base model in two ways, allowing it to account for additional biases. The first expansion involves discrimination between data. The second allows the weights to vary over time. The paper also presents a set of sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of parameter estimation through maximum likelihood, with log-concavity playing a key role. An application shows that self attribution bias can lead to optimism bias. JEL Codes: C02, D03
Oral hygiene knowledge and practices among school children in a rural area of southern Saudi Arabia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health knowledge and practices among 9-12 year old school children. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 917 school going boys in the age group of 9-12 years randomly selected from 10 schools of Rijal Alma a rural area in Southern Saudi Arabia. Data on oral health knowledge and practices was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results of the study showed that more than half (58.4%) of the children brushed their teeth using tooth brush and paste, 32.1% used miswak, 7.2% used toothpicks and 2.3% used dental floss as a primary cleaning aid. About two-third (64.3%) children brushed teeth once daily with 32.6% brushing teeth under parent supervision. Most children (62.26%) said high sugar diet causes dental decay while as more than half (58.45%) thought soft drinks affect dental health. Around 57.14% were aware of gum diseases and 51.14% opined that gum diseases can be prevented if oral hygiene practices are followed. Nearly half (52.1%) of the children would visit a dentist only when in pain though a majority (79.4%) answered that regular dental checkup was essential. Fear (67.28%) was cited as the main reason for not visiting the dentist. Conclusion: Majority of students had adequate level of knowledge on oral health, but followed low level of oral hygiene practices. Comprehensive oral health educational programs are needed to improve oral hygiene practices among children in rural Saudi Arabia.
ENTOMOPHAGY PRACTICES AMONG THE ETHNIC COMMUNITIES OF MANIPUR , NORTH-EAST INDIA

The different features of entomophagy practiced by the 30 different ethnic communities inhabited in Manipur were documented. Surveys were done by personal interview and questionnaire based method from 105 informants. A total of 41 insect species belonging to 8 orders under 24 families and 36 genera are recorded as food items. The order Hemiptera has the maximum number of edible species (10) and the least number (1) in Dictyoptera and Isoptera. Meitei, Tarao, Tangkhul, Chothe and Thadou consumed higher number of species (28-30) in comparison to other ethnic groups. Use value was calculated to determine the extent of utilization of each species. Bamboo worm species, Omphisa fuscidentalis and honey bee species, Apis mellifera, A. cerana indica and A. dorsata were found to have the highest use value of 0.78. The edible insects are prepared as curry, roasted, fried and raw form. Seven insect groups formed prominent items of commerce in the state in which bees have highest price ($10.42-16.67/4x4 x2cm 3 ) among them. It is indicated that edible insect can be comparable with other conventional food products by integrating scientific validation to the traditional wisdom.
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Full spectroscopic data and auxiliary information release (PDR-2)

We present the full public data release (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), performed at the ESO VLT. We release redshifts, spectra, CFHTLS magnitudes and ancillary information (as masks and weights) for a complete sample of 86 775 galaxies (plus 4732 other objects, including stars and serendipitous galaxies); we also include their full photometrically-selected parent catalogue. The sample is magnitude limited to iAB ≤ 22.5, with an additional colour-colour pre-selection devised as to exclude galaxies at z < 0.5. This practically doubles the effective sampling of the VIMOS spectrograph over the range 0.5 < z < 1.2 (reaching 47% on average), yielding a final median local galaxy density close to 5 × 10-3h3 Mpc-3. The total area spanned by the final data set is ≃ 23.5 deg2, corresponding to 288 VIMOS fields with marginal overlaps, split over two regions within the CFHTLS-Wide W1 and W4 equatorial fields (at RA ≃ 2 and ≃ 22 h, respectively). Spectra were observed at a resolution R = 220, covering a wavelength range 5500−9500 A. Data reduction and redshift measurements were performed through a fully automated pipeline; all redshift determinations were then visually validated and assigned a quality flag. Measurements with a quality flag ≥ 2 are shown to have a confidence level of 96% or larger and make up 88% of all measured galaxy redshifts (76 552 out of 86 775), constituting the VIPERS prime catalogue for statistical investigations. For this sample the rms redshift error, estimated using repeated measurements of about 3000 galaxies, is found to be σz = 0.00054(1 + z). All data are available at http://vipers.inaf.it and on the ESO Archive. Key words: cosmology: observations / large-scale structure of Universe / galaxies: distances and redshifts / galaxies: statistics / surveys⋆ Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Cerro Paranal, Chile, using the Very Large Telescope under programmes 182.A-0886 and partly 070.A-9007. Also based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. The VIPERS web site is http://www.vipers.inaf.it/
The Application of Empirical Study in Accounting Education: An Example of Internal Control and Cash Dividend

As an important development trend for accounting higher education, accounting empirical teaching plays a fundamental role in enriching and improving researching methods in accounting fields. This paper starts from the relationship between internal control and cash dividend policy, combines with author’s accounting teaching experience for years, follows the general research ideas of questions raising, questions analysis, questions solving, and from the aspects of theoretical analysis, literature review, research hypothesis, research methods, empirical process and results discussion to make a detail description on accounting empirical teaching methods and process. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between internal control and cash dividend policy, and this kind of correlation shows different influence intensity according to the difference of company nature. Through the research of this paper, it can make the relevant educator further clarify the process and methods of the accounting classroom empirical teaching, which is of great significance to popularize and enhance the application of accounting empirical research methods in accounting field.
Intercontinental Triaenonychidae—the case of Ceratomontia (Opiliones, Insidiatores)

Among the 64 genera of Triaenonychinae Sorensen 1886 (Opiliones, Insidiatores), two are found in more than one continent: Ceratomontia Roewer 1915 and Nuncia Loman 1902, both occurring in South America, the former occurring also in South Africa, the latter in New Zealand. Until now there were 22 valid species of Ceratomontia, diagnosed mainly by the tarsal formula. In the present paper, a cladistic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of Ceratomontia and study its relationship with the South African triaenonychine genera Austromontia Lawrence 1931 and Monomontia Lawrence 1931. A total of 42 morphological characters were coded for 18 terminal taxa, 14 representing the genera Ceratomontia (from South America and South Africa), Austromontia and Monomontia as ingroup, and two species of Triaenonychinae from South America, one from South Africa and one Adaeinae Pocock 1902 from South Africa as outgroups. The analysis using heuristic search algorithms resulted in 12 most parsimonious trees (L 5 95, CI 5 0.52, RI 5 0.66). The consensus hypothesis did not recover a monophyletic Ceratomontia, instead, the South African species constitute a clade with the Austromontia and Monomontia species. The Ceratomontia species from South America form a clade that is sister-group of the clade formed by the South African genera of the ingroup. The result shows that Ceratomontia is involved in a ''Gondwanan relationship,'' but also includes other genera, suggesting that it is not a monophyletic group.
Disappointment Aversion and Social Comparisons in a Real‐Effort Competition

We present an experiment to investigate the source of disappointment aversion in a sequential real-effort competition. Specifically, we study the contribution of social comparison effects to the disappointment aversion previously identified in a two-person real-effort competition (Gill and Prowse, 2012). To do this we compare "social" and "asocial" versions of the Gill and Prowse experiment, where the latter treatment removes the scope for social comparisons. If disappointment aversion simply reflects an asymmetric evaluation of losses and gains we would expect it to survive in our asocial treatment, while if losing to or winning against another person affects the evaluation of losses/gains we would expect treatment differences. We find behavior in social and asocial treatments to be similar, suggesting that social comparisons have little impact in this setting. Unlike in Gill and Prowse we do not find evidence of disappointment aversion.
Association of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-receptor, Type 22 (PTPN22) C1858T Polymorphism with Type 1 Diabetes in North India: A Replication Study

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder where several genes have been associated with the disease. While the major histocompatibility complex has been shown to be the major locus, contributions of other loci in different combinations seem to have synergistic effects. PTPN22 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor, type 22) gene encoding lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) is a negative regulator of T cell signaling. A gain of function mutant at nucleotide position 1858 C>T has been associated with diabetes, however, it is reported to be absent in Asians. We have studied PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism in T1D patients from North India since there are no reports from this region. Methods: PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was studied in 250 T1D patients and 480 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion (PCR-RFLP). Alleles of HLA-DRB1 locus were studied using PCR followed by hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotide probes using a bead based assay on Luminex platform. Results: In spite of reports of absence of 1858T allele in Asians, we observed this allele to be present in North Indians, albeit with low frequency (1.98%). However, T1D patients from the same ethnic background showed significantly higher frequency of the allele and heterozygous genotype 1858CT as compared to controls. Patients with both 1858CT and 1858CC genotypes had predisposing MHC alleles. Conclusion: The association of PTPN22 1858CT genotype with Type 1 diabetes was independent of the predisposing Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:01, DRB1*04:05 in North Indian patients, suggesting their integrated roles in manifestation of T1D. Based on the reported role of PTPN22 1858CT genotype in defective innate immune responses against viral infections, and defects in early T cell signaling, it is tempting to speculate that it may be detrimental for the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in the present scenario.
The Effect of Using an Explicit General Problem Solving Teaching Approach on Elementary Pre-Service Teachers' Ability to Solve Heat Transfer Problems.

This study investigate the effectiveness of adding an ‘explicit general problem solving teaching strategy’ (EGPS) to guided inquiry (GI) on pre-service elementary school teachers’ ability to solve heat transfer problems. The pre-service elementary teachers in this study were enrolled in two sections of a chemistry course for pre-service elementary teachers’ at a four year university. One section of this class was taught a treatment method, the explicit general problem solving approach, while the other section was taught using guided inquiry approach. Quantitative data was obtained using a post-test while qualitative data was obtained probing questions. The scores for the two teaching approaches showed no significant difference. Further, qualitative data indicated little difference in the way participants solved their problems regardless of instructional approach. Hence, this study concludes that both EGPS and guided inquiry have comparable effectiveness of teaching problem solving.
Relatedness: An Application to Firm Portfolio Management

The concept of “relatedness” between activities is starting to play a more central role in Strategic Management and economics. Moreover, portfolio management is considered to be vital: in assessing new interesting business opportunities, for gaining control over the firm’s value chain, to lower firm risk and to exploit idle resources. However, the empirical application of the “relatedness” concept on firm portfolio management on a strategic level stays rather elusive. This article, investigates how “relatedness” between industries influences the composition of industrial portfolios and the mode of industry entry (Merger & Acquisition vs. Joint Venture). Furthermore, it examines how markets value certain kinds of industry entry. In particular, this article uses input-output profiles and human skills to investigate the influence of a certain degree of relatedness on portfolio composition and the mode of industry entry. The data used in this paper is based on one hundred Dutch firms, listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange (AEX). Analyses in this paper clearly show that firms have a strategic tendency to diversify in a related manner, mainly with respect to their current resource base. Although, from a stockholder perspective, vertically related diversifications are valued higher than diversifications which are based on the firm’s resource base. Furthermore, investigating the role of relatedness in the firm’s decision to enter markets through Merger & Acquisition or by a Joint Venture seems to be far more complex than what the rationale behind previous literature suggests.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Accounting academia in Central and Eastern Europe C ă t ă

Several calls have been made to investigate the processes of change characterizing academia worldwide. In particular, the tension apparent between the ‘universal’ models (standards, rankings) on the one hand, and the cultural and social features of academia in specific countries on the other hand, was deemed very fruitful to be researched. Most Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries share a communist past and have transitioned toward a market economy, more or less rapidly or successfully. Their academic environment is characterized by common traits, but where apparent, improvements have mostly emerged through sustained individual efforts, rather than through coherent and systematic thinking of education officials. However, many challenges faced by accounting academics affiliated with institutions in CEE countries are similar, and the experience of others may prove very significant. Therefore, we want to give a more coherent perspective on the processes of change and of the evolutions happening at the regional level. The topics proposed for investigation include: the academic environment and the consequences on accounting research; the construction of the accounting academic’s identity, and the relationship between accounting education, research, and practice; and accounting education. The aim of this introduction to the special issue is to give an overview of these topics in accounting academia in CEE countries, by mobilizing our own understanding and experience, and the international literature.
Investigation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) treated by low-temperature plasma.

3) VIPO, a.s. , Partizanske, Slovakia Abstract: Investigation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) treated by low-temperature plasma. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface was pre-treated by surface barrier discharge (DSBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure in various processing gases, and/or by radio-frequency discharge (RFD) plasma to improve its surface and adhesive properties. The changes in chemical structure of the polymer were analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The surface energy, and its polar contribution as well as peel strengths of adhesive joints to polyacrylate of PET modified by DSBD and/or RFD plasma significantly increased. The efficiency of modification depends on the kind of the discharge, used gases, power of plasma source, as well as on time of modification. The correlation between peel strength of adhesive joint of PET modified by DSBD plasma to polyacrylate and its surface energy has been found.
A study of the effects Telmisartan on induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in male rabbits

Atherosclerosis is a major killer disease world wide. The most common risk factors are diabetes, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity. The period of this study was continued for one year. This study explains the effect of Telmisartan on induced atherosclerosis in male rabbits. Eighteen local domestic rabbits were allocated randomly into 3 groups. Atherosclerosis was induced in 2 groups by adding cholesterol powder(3%) to standard chow diet for 10 weeks . Normal control group was put on normal chow diet. The blood sampling was collected firstly at the end of the induction period and every 5 days through the 60 days of treatment course, and serum lipid profile namely . TG,TC,LDL,VLDL,and HDL were measured . Autopsy of aortic (abdominal and thoracic) sectioning for histopathology were done before treatment and after completing the 60 days of treatment. Telmisartan show a significant reduction (P value<0.01) in serum cholesterol level, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol ,and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol level as compared with control groups (p<0.01) ,Telmisartan treated group showed significant atherolytic effects (p<0.001) as compared with the untreated group. We conclude that Telmisartan reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and increase serum HDL level in treated animals. Telmisartan decrees atherogenic index with atherolytic effect in arterial wall of treated animals.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CONCENTRATION PROFILES IN MEMBRANE CHANNEL

Numerical modelling of the flow and concentration polarization in pressure driven membrane process is challenged by the complex coupling in the flow, mass and energy equations along with any added effects of variable solution properties. The present study is directed towards the establishment of a numerical method capable of predicting the flow and concentration characteristics of the laminar channel flows with permeable wall taking into account the variable properties of the stream. The present results highlights the necessity of the fine mesh grid near the membrane wall to cope with the very steep changes in concentration and temperature there and to the importance of making the permeation velocity vary with concentration. The model was validated and the results showed a good agreement with the previous numerical and experimental results.