Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Characteristics of Oromucosal Diseases in Psychiatric Patients: Observational Study from Indian Dental College

Background: Psychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders can affect the mental and physical statuses of an individual. Aim: The study was to investigate the different oromucosal diseases (OMD) in psychiatric patients and to evaluate the correlation between these OMD to severity of anxiety and depression. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during a six-month period. Patients reporting to psychiatry department with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist, were subjected to complete oral examination by a skilled oral diagnostician to check for OMD like oral lichen planus (OLP), aphthous stomatitis (AS) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). During the above mentioned time interval, 1320 patients with any of the above mentioned psychiatric diseases were included in this study. Of these, 278 had anxiety, 398 had depression, 295 had schizophrenia and 349 had bipolar disorder. Equal number of individuals reported to the Oral Medicine and Radiology department for routine oral screening with no mucosal diseases were included as control group. Results: In this study, statistically significant increase in the OMD of the psychiatric patients was recorded when compared with the control group. The OMD were significantly higher in patients with anxiety (20.86%) followed by patients with depression (9.04%), schizophrenia (7.7%), bipolar disorder (7.4%) and control group (5.17%), respectively. Most prevalent OMD in patients with anxiety was AS (12%) followed by OLP (5.7%), and BMS (2.87%) respectively. Patients with moderate to severe anxiety and depression showed significantly higher prevalence of these OMD compared to the ones with mild anxiety and depression. The AS and OLP were significantly more in the younger age group (18-49 year) and BMS was higher in 50-77 year age group in both the study and control groups. Conclusion: A positive association was established between psychological alterations and OMD. Emotional alterations may act as a precipitating factor that could influence the initiation and development of different OMD. Hence, better harmonization is essential between dentist and psychiatrists for comprehensive management of psychosomatic disorders of the oral mucosa.
Multigene Expression Assay and Benefit of Radiotherapy After Breast Conservation in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

Abstract Background: Most women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will receive breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiation (RT). RT can be omitted for women at low risk of local recurrence (LR). The Oncotype DX DCIS score (DS) predicts LR risk after BCS alone. This study assesses the impact of RT and DS on LR risk. Methods: Population-based cohort analysis of individuals with DCIS treated by BCS ± RT from 1994–2003. Treatment and outcomes were determined by linkage and chart review. We used a propensity score–adjusted multivariable model to examine associations between DS and LR and evaluate the impact of RT. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The cohort includes 571 individuals treated by BCS alone, 689 cases treated with BCS + RT. Median follow-up was 9.4 years. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with LR include RT, age at diagnosis, tumor size, and multifocality. Adjusting for these factors, the DS risk group was statistically significantly associated with LR risk (hazard ratio high/intermediate = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.28 to 2.41, P < .001). Women with a low-risk DS treated by BCS alone had an LR risk of 10.6% at 10 years and a small benefit from RT, while those with a high DS had a higher risk of LR (25.4%) after BCS alone and greater benefit from RT. A subgroup of patients with favorable clinicopathological features had a high-risk DS; these patients had a higher than expected risk of LR after BCS alone and a greater benefit with RT. Conclusions: The DS molecular assay improves risk stratification and estimates of RT benefit in individuals with DCIS treated with breast-conserving therapy.
NSAIDs and scavenging birds: potential impacts beyond Asia's critically endangered vultures

Veterinary treatment of livestock with diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has caused catastrophic declines of Gyps vultures in Asia. This has highlighted a lack of knowledge on the potential impacts of NSAIDs on scavenging birds. Surveys of veterinarians and zoos document the outcomes of the treatment of over 870 scavenging birds from 79 species. As well as diclofenac, carprofen and flunixin were associated with mortality, with deaths observed in 13 and 30% of cases, respectively. Mortality was also found following treatment with ibuprofen and phenylbutazone. NSAID toxicity was reported for raptors, storks, cranes and owls, suggesting that the potential conservation impact of NSAIDs may extend beyond Gyps vultures and could be significant for New World vultures. In contrast, there were no reported mortalities for the NSAID meloxicam, which was administered to over 700 birds from 60 species. The relative safety of meloxicam supports other studies indicating the suitability of this NSAID to replace diclofenac in Asia.
Assessment of Intestinal Availability (FG) of Substrate Drugs of Cytochrome P450s by Analyzing Changes in Pharmacokinetic Properties Caused by Drug–Drug Interactions

In this study, we developed the drug–drug interaction (DDI) method as a new assessment technique of intestinal availability (FG, the fraction of drug transferred from the intestinal enterocytes into the liver, escaping from intestinal metabolism) based on the clearance theory. This method evaluates FG from changes caused by DDIs in the area under the blood concentration-time curve and in the elimination half-life of victim drugs. Application of the DDI method to data from the literature revealed that the mean and S.D. of FG values for 20 substrate drugs of CYP3A was 0.56 ± 0.29, whereas that for 8 substrate drugs of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 was 0.86 ± 0.11. These results were consistent with the fact that intestinal metabolism is mediated predominantly by CYP3A. The DDI method showed reasonable correlations with the conventional i.v. /p.o. method and the grape fruit juice (GFJ) method (coefficients of determination of 0.41 and 0.81, respectively). The i.v. /p.o. method was more susceptible to fluctuations in the hepatic blood flow rate compared with the DDI and GFJ methods. The DDI method evaluates FG separating from the absorption ratio (FA) although it requires approximation of FA. Since preciseness of approximation of FA does not greatly affect the evaluation of FG by the DDI method, we proposed a reasonable approximation method of FA for the evaluation of FG in the DDI method. The DDI method would be applicable to a broad range of situations in which various DDI data are utilizable.
Adrenal tumours.

A 15-year review of 34 children with suprarenal tumours is presented. With the exception of one adrenal carcinoma and 4 neuroblastoma, all 12 cortical and 22 medullary tumours (neuroblastomas predominated in the latter group with 19 cases) showed hormonal hyperactivity. The symptomatology, the fundamental steps in diagnosis and therapy and the operative results are discussed.
[Relationship of serum and gingival crevicular fluid antibody levels with the amount of subgingival homologous bacterium in patients with periodontal disease].

39 patients were selected in this study, including 12 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP), 17 with adult periodontitis (AP) and 10 with marginal gingivitis (MG). The levels of antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in serum (Sr) and in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from their 156 teeth were measured by ELISA. The Pg in subgingival plaque was detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Data showed different GCF/Sr ratio of anti--Pg antibody level between periodontitis patients (lower than 1) and MG patients (greater than 1). The amount of subgingival Pg was negatively correlated with clinical periodontal parameters, i.e, probing depth, attachment loss, plaque index and bleeding index. It was suggested that low GCF/Sr ratio of antibody level plus high counts of homologous bacterium might be used as an indicator of periodontal disease activity.
Effects of noradrenaline on human vagal baroreflexes

BACKGROUND. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is depressed in conditions associated with high sympathetic nerve activity in proportion to circulating noradrenaline (NA) levels. Despite the prognostic importance of measurements of BRS in patients, there is little information on how high NA levels affect arterial baroreflex function. AIM. To understand better the role of NA in cardiovascular homeostasis. METHODS. We gave incremental intravenous NA infusions (at 50 and 100 ng/kg/min) to 12 healthy young men. We measured RR intervals and photoplethysmographic arterial pressures and estimated BRS with cross-spectral and sequence methods during metronome-guided respiration at 0.25 Hz. RESULTS. The high NA infusion rate significantly increased respiratory-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) RR interval spectral power and decreased low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) systolic pressure spectral power compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05 for both). Cross-spectral BRS increased from an average (± SD) baseline level of 17.3 ± 6.6 to 34.1 ± 20.8 msJmmHg at the high NA infusion rate (P < 0.05). Sequence BRS values did not increase significantly during NA infusions. The percentage of sequences with parallel changes in systolic pressures and RR intervals decreased progressively from a baseline level of 16.0 ± 12.9 to 10.1 ± 7.4 during the low NA infusion rate and to 6.2 ± 6.2% during the high rate (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS. Increases in circulating NA to high physiological levels do not depress BRS but interfere with the close baroreflex-mediated coupling that is usually present between arterial pressure and heart rate.
Participation and outcome in a residential treatment and work therapy program for addictive disorders: the effects of race.

OBJECTIVE The authors examined differences in program participation and outcome between black and white veterans with addictive disorders who participated in an intensive Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) residential work therapy program. METHOD Data on 962 veterans treated in the VA Compensated Work Therapy/Transitional Residence Program were gathered. Multivariate analyses were used to compare black and white veterans on admission characteristics, program participation, and 3-month outcome. RESULTS The black subjects were younger than the white veterans and had more severe drug abuse problems, less severe alcohol and psychiatric problems, and more extensive social support networks. There were no differences between groups in 11 of 13 measures of program participation, although the blacks felt more positively about the therapeutic milieu and worked more hours per month in the work therapy program than the whites. The black veterans also showed more improvement in alcohol use and housing. The proportion of black participants at the site level had no impact on measures of program participation or outcome among black participants with one exception: blacks were more likely to achieve sobriety at 3 months when treated in programs with higher proportions of black participants. CONCLUSIONS Detailed data on program participation and outcome in a large study group showed no evidence of less program participation or worse outcome among black patients.
Short Rate Models with Nonlinear Drift and Jumps

Many financial contracts can be regarded as derivative securities where the underlying state variable is one or more rates of interest. A partial list of such contracts would include zero-coupon bonds, coupon paying bonds, callable bonds, convertible bonds, retractable/extendable bonds, etc., along with a number of popular interest rate derivatives such as swaps, swaptions, caps, and floors. A commonly used strategy for valuing these contracts is to base a continuous time model for the stochastic behaviour of the short term rate of interest. Three key features of most of the models currently in use are (i) the drift, or expected change over a short time period in the level of the short term interest rate, is a linear function; (ii) the conditional variance of changes in short term interest rates is not strongly related to the level of interest rates; and (iii) the short term interest rate is assumed to follow a diffusion process, which effectively means that it cannot change too rapidly over short periods of time. Each of these assumptions appears to be made primarily for modelling convenience, as they make it possible in some cases to derive analytical expressions for the values of bonds and European-style bond options. If such solutions are not available, then numerical techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation or the numerical solution of partial differential equations are needed. However, available econometric evidence indicates that all of the assumptions noted above are questionable: changes in short term interest rates may be characterized by drift which is nonlinear and by conditional variance that depends more heavily on the level of interest rates than is assumed in models with analytic solutions. Moreover, they may be better approximated by a jump-diffusion process which allows for sudden discontinuous changes. Consequently, it is of interest to develop numerical techniques to value interest rate derivative securities for cases where the short term interest rate follows a jump-diffusion process featuring non-linear drift. This thesis describes and illustrates the use of such techniques.
Identification of Genes Induced in Peripheral Nerve after Injury

Peripheral nerve injury results in axonal degeneration and in phenotypic changes of the surrounding Schwann cells, whose presence is critical for nerve regeneration. To identify genes induced after nerve injury in Schwann cells, we developed a strategy that included differential screening of a subtractive library enriched for cDNAs expressed in injured nerve, sequence analysis, and expression profiling. By using real time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we found that injury-induced genes could be categorized into four temporal expression patterns. Among the clones we identified were a number that were homologous only to expressed sequence tags in the data base. These were stratified based on their expression profile, presence of identifiable sequence motifs, homologies to other proteins, and evolutionary conservation. We chose one representative gene, nin283, to analyze in detail. The nin283 gene encodes a 227-residue protein containing both a zinc finger and a RING finger motif.nin283 is highly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the developing cortical plate in embryos. It is also expressed in peripheral ganglia and is induced by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that Nin283 is located in the endosome/lysosome compartment, suggesting that it may participate in ubiquitin-mediated protein modification.
Overview and Comparison of Demand Response Programs in North American Electricity Markets

The concept of smart grids is related with diverse changes occurring in the electric power systems operation, namely the integration of demand re- sponse resources and related programs. All over the world, demand response programs are being implemented according to the specific local requirements and contexts. This includes the integration in electricity markets, the automa- tion level of the distribution grid, etc. The present paper focuses on the analysis of the demand response programs currently implemented in North America wholesale electricity markets. Several parameters are used in order to character- ize each program, according to a report published by the independent system operators association.
Effect of Zn2+ ions on ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum of striated muscles in the presence of pyrithione.

AIM To explore whether the differential effects of Zn2+ on ryanodine binding to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscles resulted from different permeability of the SR to Zn2+. METHODS [3H]ryanodine binding assays were performed to examine the effect of Zn2+ on ryanodine binding to the SR in the presence of pyrithione sodium (PyNa), a specific Zn2+ ionophore. RESULTS As a control, PyNa up to 50 micromol/L did not induce any effect on ryanodine binding to the SR of cardiac muscle. But PyNa 1-100 micromol/L increased ryanodine binding in skeletal muscle with maximum binding (222.2+/-20.9 % of the control) and inhibited ryanodine binding to 50 % of the control at about 500 micromol/L. In the presence of PyNa 10 and 50 micromol/L the dose-dependence of the effect of Zn2+ in cardiac muscle was still monophasic and not changed by PyNa, while the biphasic effect of Zn2+ in skeletal muscle became monophasic. CONCLUSION Different permeability of the SR to Zn2+ may account for the differential effects of Zn2+ on ryanodine binding in skeletal and cardiac muscles. PyNa is not a strictly specific Zn2+ ionophore.
Abortion Caused by Brucella abortus Biovar 1 in a Free-ranging Bison (Bison bison) from Yellowstone National Park

A near-term aborted bison (Bison bison) fetus was collected near Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). On necropsy, the fetus liver had a small capsular tear, and there was a small quantity of blood in the peritoneal cavity. Microscopic lesions included mild, purulent bronchopneumonia and mild, multifocal, interstitial pneumonia. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from fetal abomasal contents, lung, and heart blood.
Silene tatarica microsatellites are frequently located in repetitive DNA

The genomic distribution of microsatellites can be explained by DNA slippage, slippage like processes and base substitutions. Nevertheless, microsatellites are also frequently associated with repetitive DNA, raising the question of the relative contributions of these processes to microsatellite genesis. We show that in Silene tatarica about 50% of the microsatellites isolated by an enrichment cloning protocol are associated with repetitive DNA. Based on the flanking sequences, we distinguished seven different classes of repetitive DNA. PCR primers designed for the flanking sequences of an individual clone amplified a heterogeneous family of repetitive DNA. Despite considerable variation in the flanking sequence (π = 0.108), the microsatellite repeats did not show any evidence for decay. Rather, we observed the emergence of a new repeat type that probably arose by mutation and was spread by replication slippage. In fact, a complete repeat type switch could be observed among the analysed clones. We propose that the analysis of microsatellite sequences embedded in repetitive DNA provides a hitherto largely unexplored tool to study microsatellite evolution.
Is the prognostic significance of O6-methylguanine- DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation equally important in glioblastomas of patients from different continents? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Background O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an independent predictor of therapeutic response and potential prognosis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, its significance of clinical prognosis in different continents still needs to be explored. Patients and methods To explore the effects of MGMT promoter methylation on both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among GBM patients from different continents, a systematic review of published studies was conducted. Results A total of 5103 patients from 53 studies were involved in the systematic review and the total percentage of MGMT promoter methylation was 45.53%. Of these studies, 16 studies performed univariate analyses and 17 performed multivariate analyses of MGMT promoter methylation on PFS. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) estimated for PFS was 0.55 (95% CI 0.50, 0.60) by univariate analysis and 0.43 (95% CI 0.38, 0.48) by multivariate analysis. The effect of MGMT promoter methylation on OS was explored in 30 studies by univariate analysis and in 30 studies by multivariate analysis. The combined HR was 0.48 (95% CI 0.44, 0.52) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.38, 0.45), respectively. Conclusion In each subgroup divided by areas, the prognostic significance still remained highly significant. The proportion of methylation in each group was in inverse proportion to the corresponding HR in the univariate and multivariate analyses of PFS. However, from the perspective of OS, compared with data from Europe and the US, higher methylation rates in Asia did not bring better returns.
Maximal aerobic power in cerebral palsied wheelchair athletes: validity and reliability.

This study examined the validity and reliability of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) during wheelchair ergometry (WE) in wheelchair athletes with cerebral palsy. Six class 3 and class 4 male athletes with cerebral palsy completed two graded exercise tests to volitional fatigue on a wheelchair ergometer mounted on frictionless rollers. Four athletes were also able to complete two tests of bicycle ergometry (BE). Although the reliability coefficients for the VO2max during the two exercise modes were high (.89 and .93 for the WE and BE tests, respectively), the validity coefficients for this variable (ie, the correlations between WE and BE) were poor (.31 and -.24 for trials 1 and 2, respectively). Examination of the individual data indicated that athletes who used wheelchairs as their primary mode of ambulation had higher VO2max values during WE; whereas, those who used canes or no aids for daily ambulation had higher values on BE. Because of the specificity of the, VO2max response, it is recommended that the primary mode of ambulation be considered when deciding on the testing mode for evaluating the cardiorespiratory fitness of athletes with cerebral palsy.
Association between polymorphism of human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 and risk of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE The human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that is involved in excision repair of 8-OH-dG (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanine) from oxidatively damaged DNA. To determine whether hOGG1 has a role in the risk of prostate cancer we screened normal prostate tissue specimens for hOGG1 expression and assessed the role of hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in the risk of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 5 normal prostate tissues hOGG1 expression was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism was compared between white patients cases and controls using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA isolated from 84 incident patients with primary prostate cancer and 252 individually matched controls (1:3 ratio) by age (+/- 5 years at diagnosis) in white men. RESULTS In all prostate tissues tested hOGG1 mRNA was detected. A significant association was found between hOGG1 genotypes and prostate cancer with a dose effect relationship (trend test p <0.003). A significantly increased risk of prostate cancer was observed for subjects with hOGG1(326Cys) allele (ORadj 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.8). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hOGG1 may have a role in the repair of 8-OH-dG adducts in prostate tissue and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is associated with prostate cancer risk.