Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Speedup Along the Western Flank of the Greenland Ice Sheet

It has been widely hypothesized that a warmer climate in Greenland would increase the volume of lubricating surface meltwater reaching the ice-bedrock interface, accelerating ice flow and increasing mass loss. We have assembled a data set that provides a synoptic-scale view, spanning ice-sheet to outlet-glacier flow, with which to evaluate this hypothesis. On the ice sheet, these data reveal summer speedups (50 to 100%) consistent with, but somewhat larger than, earlier observations. The relative speedup of outlet glaciers, however, is far smaller (<15%). Furthermore, the dominant seasonal influence on Jakobshavn Isbrae's flow is the calving front's annual advance and retreat. With other effects producing outlet-glacier speedups an order of magnitude larger, seasonal melt's influence on ice flow is likely confined to those regions dominated by ice-sheet flow.
Looking for differences in copy number between blood and brain in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Introduction: Most analyses of blood DNA in sporadic neuromuscular disorders have been inconclusive. This may be because some genetic variants occur only in brain tissue. We therefore looked for copy number variants (CNVs) in both blood and brain in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). Methods: Genome‐wide CNVs were compared in blood and brain from 32 SALS patients and from 26 normal (control) brains, using Affymetrix 6.0 arrays. Results: There were 410 CNVs present in brain but not blood (somatic CNVs) in 94% of the patients (median 8 CNVs per patient). Twenty‐four of the somatic CNVs were rare, were not found in control brains, and overlapped with genes. Conclusions: Brain‐specific CNVs may be common and appear to be present in a proportion of patients with SALS. The more detailed copy number analysis that is becoming available with massively parallel sequencing may uncover brain‐specific CNVs that underlie some cases of SALS. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Autobiographical memory in depressed and non-depressed patients with borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the specificity of autobiographical memories among depressed and non-depressed borderline patients, compared with depressed patients and controls. The influence of childhood trauma, intrusions of traumatic events, avoidance of intrusions, dissociation and depression on memory specificity was also studied. METHOD The Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), a trauma interview and self-report measures of intrusions, avoidance, depression and dissociation were administered to 83 borderline outpatients, 26 depressed outpatients and 30 controls. RESULTS Depressed borderline patients and depressed patients reported fewer specific memories than controls. Depressed patients generated fewer specific memories than non-depressed borderline patients. Neither trauma nor traumatic intrusions, avoidance of intrusions or dissociation were related to the specificity of memories. Level of depressive symptoms (BDI) was also not related, but the presence of a depression was. CONCLUSION In this large sample of outpatients with borderline personality disorder, only the subgroup with a co-morbid diagnosis of depression had trouble remembering specific events from the past. Trauma, intrusions, avoidance of intrusions and dissociation seem to be unrelated to the specificity of autobiographical memories in borderline personality disorder.
Changes in residents' attitudes and achievement after distance learning via two-way interactive video.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Training family practice residents in communities remote from academic medical centers has been difficult because of the lack of available local subspecialists and the concomitant need for subspecialists to travel to each of the remote training sites. To alleviate these problems, the Area Health Education Centers Program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences sought to deliver high-quality presentations to family practice residents at remote locations, using two-way interactive video. The study 1) assessed the differences in attitudes of residents before and after a series of presentations and 2) evaluated the differences in achievement of residents based on who received the information by two-way interactive video or with the instructor on-site. METHODS Four conferences were broadcast to five remote residency programs, and two local programs received identical conferences on-site. RESULTS There was no difference in achievement between the two groups, but attitudes toward learning by interactive video declined. CONCLUSIONS Interactive video is a viable instruction method for achievement. The negative attitude shift toward interactive video may have been because it was a new experience, or the preparation of the faculty was inadequate.
Heparan Sulfate Mediates bFGF Transport through Basement Membrane by Diffusion with Rapid Reversible Binding*

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a pluripotent cytokine with a wide range of target cells. Heparan sulfate binds bFGF, and this interaction has been demonstrated to protect bFGF against physical denaturation and protease degradation. The high concentrations of heparan sulfate in basement membranes have implicated these matrices as storage sites for bFGF in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which basement membranes modulate bFGF storage and release is unknown. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we have developed experimental and mathematical models of extracellular growth factor transport through basement membrane. Intact Descemet’s membranes isolated from bovine corneas were mounted within customized diffusion cells and growth factor transport was measured under a variety of conditions that decoupled the diffusion process from the heparan sulfate binding phenomenon. Transport experiments were conducted with bFGF and interleukin 1β. In addition, bFGF-heparan sulfate binding was disrupted in diffusion studies with high ionic strength buffer and buffers containing protamine sulfate. Transport of bFGF was enhanced dramatically when heparan sulfate binding was inhibited. This process was modeled as a problem of diffusion with fast reversible binding. Experimental parameters were incorporated into a mathematical model and independent simulations were run that showed that the experimental data were accurately predicted by the mathematical model. Thus, this study indicated that basement membranes function as dynamic regulators of growth factor transport, allowing for rapid response to changing environmental conditions. The fundamental principles controlling bFGF transport through basement membrane that have been identified here might have applications in understanding how growth factor distribution is regulated throughout an organism during development and in the adult state.
Impact of spatial correlation on the BER performance of cooperative wireless relay networks with OSTBC

In this study, the authors analyse the impact of spatial correlation on the average bit error-rate (BER) performance of amplify-and-forward cooperative relay networks employing Alamouti orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) over Rayleigh fading channels. Closed-form expressions are derived for the moment generating function of the total signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). The authors then obtain closed-form expressions for the average BER of the system as well as asymptotic expressions for the average BER at high SNRs. To quantify the effects of antenna correlation on the system performance, numerical results are provided and compared for different cases.
Functional display of foreign protein on surface of Escherichia coli using N‐terminal domain of ice nucleation protein

We investigated the ability of the N‐terminal domain of InaK, an ice nucleation protein from Pseudomonas syringae KCTC1832, to act as an anchoring motif for the display of foreign proteins on the Escherichia coli cell surface. Total expression level and surface display efficiency of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was compared following their fusion with either the N‐terminal domain of InaK (InaK‐N), or with the known truncated InaK containing both N‐ and C‐terminal domains (InaK‐NC). We report that the InaK‐N/GFP fusion protein showed a similar cell surface display efficiency (∼50%) as InaK‐NC/GFP, demonstrating that the InaK N‐terminal region alone can direct translocation of foreign proteins to the cell surface and can be employed as a potential cell surface display motif. Moreover, InaK‐N/GFP showed the highest levels of total expression and surface display based on unit cell density. InaK‐N was also successful in directing cell surface display of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), confirming its ability to act as a display motif. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduction of cerebral edema with GM1 ganglioside

Administration of exogenous gangliosides has been reported to accelerate neurite outgrowth in vitro, and to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration and central nervous system recovery subsequent to damage. After injury, facilitation of CNS recovery with GM1 ganglioside treatment has been postulated to be due to enhanced neuronal regeneration. Since maximal recovery is achieved when experimental animals are treated before injury with GM1 ganglioside, an alternative or parallel mechanism is that gangliosides are “protecting” the CNS by limiting the extent of damage (ie, cell loss, process degeneration, membrane disruption). This may be due to a reduction in the edema subsequent to injury.
Hepatocyte transplantation for inherited metabolic diseases of the liver

Inherited metabolic diseases of the liver are characterized by deficiency of a hepatic enzyme or protein often resulting in life‐threatening disease. The remaining liver function is usually normal. For most patients, treatment consists of supportive therapy, and the only curative option is liver transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with inherited metabolic liver diseases, which offers a less invasive and fully reversible approach. Procedure‐related complications are rare. Here, we review the experience of hepatocyte transplantation for metabolic liver diseases and discuss the major obstacles that need to be overcome to establish hepatocyte transplantation as a reliable treatment option in the clinic.
A primatological perspective on death

Some questions that arise from observations of responses to dead and dying individuals by nonhuman primates are discussed, focusing on psychological issues. The phenomenon of transport and care of dead infants is reviewed, along with the consequences of the mother dying for orphaned offspring. It is argued that particular attention should be paid to how the context of a death affects individuals, for example, traumatic accidental or predation‐induced death versus peaceful death following illness. Some primates kill others of their own or other species, which raises additional questions about death awareness and empathy. Observations from both the field and captivity can contribute toward a better understanding of the psychological meaning of death for primates. Some aspects of death awareness recognized by developmental psychologists might help guide research efforts in this area. Am. J. Primatol. 73:410–414, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Who became revolving door patients?

ABSTRACT— A cohort representing all first‐time admissions to Danish psychiatric institutions during the period April 1, 1970 to March 31, 1971 was followed for 10 years in the psychiatric register. The cohort comprised 5,881 males and 6,856 females aged 15 years or above. The revolving door population was delineated as (1) patients with minimum four admissions and no admission or discharge period lasting for more than one fourth of the observation period or (2) patients with minimum four admissions during the first one fourth of the observation period. The incidence rate was 3.14 males and 3.55 females per 1,000. Revolving door patients were younger than others, single or divorced, and lived in larger cities. They were more frequently referred to out‐patient aftercare and discharged to their own home. A male diagnostic profile of schizophrenia, demential or organic psychoses, personality disorders and abuse emerged together with a female profile of manic depressive and psychogenic psychosis and neurosis. Twenty‐one point nine percent of males and 13.0% of females had more than 10 admissions and 4.5% of males and 3.7% of females spent more than 5 years in hospital. High risk groups were 15–24 years old as 21% and 13% of young males respectively females became revolving door patients, and schizophrenics, as 46% of male and 30% of female schizophrenics became revolving door patients.
Prevalence, aetiology and comorbidity of severe and profound intellectual disability in Finland.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to describe the aetiology, associated impairments and prevalence of severe and profound intellectual disability (SPID) in Finland. METHODS The number of people with SPID in the catchment area of the Pääjärvi Centre for the Mentally Retarded, Lammi, Finland, (total population = 341,227) was calculated from the client register of this centre. Aetiological factors and background diagnoses for all subjects with SPID were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS The number of people with SPID was 461, giving a prevalence of 0.13%. The aetiology of their SPID was genetic or congenital in 235 (50.9%) individuals, acquired in 89 (19.3%), genetic and/or acquired in 84 (18.3%), and unknown in 53 (11.5%) subjects. Out of the 53 individuals with an SPID of unknown origin, 48 (90.6%) had an associated impairment; the remaining five were the only members of the study group showing normal growth, and having neither dysmorphic features, physical abnormalities nor family members with ID. Out of the 461 subjects, 422 (91.5%) had between one and six associated impairments (total = 954), and the remaining 39 (8.5%) had SPID as their only impairment. Uncomplicated SPID was mainly of genetic or congenital origin, whereas all subjects with acquired encephalopathy had multiple disabilities. Speech defects, epilepsy and cerebral palsy were the most common associated impairments. CONCLUSIONS Severe and profound ID almost always occurs concomitantly with other severe neurological or psychiatric impairments. The proportion of people with SPID described in the present study is similar to that found in Finland in 1966. The aetiology of SPID in the vast majority of cases is biopathological.
Effects of chemically bound, flexible hydrocarbon species on the frictional properties of diamond surfaces

The authors have used molecular dynamics simulations to examine friction when two diamond (111) surfaces are placed in sliding contact. They find that flexible hydrocarbon species, chemically bound to the diamond surface, can lead to a significant reduction of the calculated friction at high loads. In addition to clarifying the effects of such species on atomic-scale friction at diamond interfaces, these simulations might also yield insight into more complicated systems, e.g., Langmuir-Blodgett films, and aid in the design of low-friction coatings. 36 refs., 3 figs.
Acute treatment of pediatric bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed episode, with aripiprazole: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for the treatment of pediatric bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed episode, with or without psychotic features. METHOD Subjects were enrolled between March 2005 and February 2007 in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind 4-week study of aripiprazole 10 mg/d, aripiprazole 30 mg/d, and placebo. Subjects (n = 296) were 10 to 17 years old with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I disorder with current manic or mixed episodes, with or without psychotic features, and a Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score > or = 20. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in the YMRS total score. RESULTS Both doses of aripiprazole were superior to placebo on the YMRS total score beginning at week 1 and continuing through week 4. Aripiprazole 10 mg and 30 mg were more effective than placebo on global improvement, mania, and overall bipolar illness outcome measures. Response ( > or = 50% reduction in YMRS total score) at week 4 was achieved by 44.8%, 63.6%, and 26.1% of subjects in the aripiprazole 10 mg, aripiprazole 30 mg, and placebo groups, respectively (P < .01 both doses vs placebo). Both doses were generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events were extrapyramidal disorder and somnolence; rates were higher for aripiprazole 30 mg compared with aripiprazole 10 mg. Average weight gain was not significantly different between the aripiprazole 10 mg (+0.82 kg) or 30 mg (+1.08 kg) groups compared with the placebo group (+0.56 kg) (P = .35 and P = .13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Aripiprazole in daily doses of 10 mg or 30 mg is an effective and generally well-tolerated acute treatment for pediatric subjects with bipolar I mania or mixed episodes. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00110461.
Bag-1 Internal Ribosome Entry Segment Activity Is Promoted by Structural Changes Mediated by Poly(rC) Binding Protein 1 and Recruitment of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1

ABSTRACT We have shown previously that an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) directs the synthesis of the p36 isoform of Bag-1 and that polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTB-1) and poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) stimulate IRES-mediated translation initiation in vitro and in vivo. Here, a secondary structural model of the Bag-1 IRES has been derived by using chemical and enzymatic probing data as constraints on the RNA folding algorithm Mfold. The ribosome entry window has been identified within this structural model and is located in a region in which many residues are involved in base-pairing interactions. The interactions of PTB-1 and PCBP1 with their cognate binding sites on the IRES disrupt many of the RNA-RNA interactions, and this creates a largely unstructured region of approximately 40 nucleotides that could permit ribosome binding. Mutational analysis of the PTB-1 and PCBP1 binding sites suggests that PCBP1 acts as an RNA chaperone to open the RNA in the vicinity of the ribosome entry window while PTB-1 is probably an essential part of the preinitiation complex.
Early and Limited Use of Tacrolimus to Avoid Rejection in an Alemtuzumab and Sirolimus Regimen for Kidney Transplantation : Clinical Results and Immune Monitoring

aDepartment of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI bDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI cMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA dImmune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD ∗Corresponding author: Stuart J. Knechtle, stuart.knechtle@emoryhealthcare.org This study was supported by: Immune Tolerance Network (ITN013ST) (to VSM and KB) and FIS BA0690020 (to JP)
Impaired aortic elasticity in patients with psoriasis

Background — Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease involving 1-3% of the human population worldwide. Many systemic diseases including cardiovascular disturbances have been described in psoriatic patients. The effect of psoriasis on aortic elasticity parameters has not been well-defined previously. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any change in aortic elasticity in psoriasis. Methods — Twenty-seven psoriatic patients without cardiovascular involvement and 22 healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. The severity of the disease was evaluated by the “Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)”. Aortic strain, distensibility and stiffness index were calculated from aortic diameters measured by echocardiography and blood pressures simultaneously measured by sphygmomanometry. Results — The aortic strain and distensibility in the psoriasis group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The aortic stiffness index in the psoriasis group was higher than that in the control group. There was a positive correlation between aortic stiffness index and PASI and longevity of psoriasis disease, whereas a negative correlation between aortic strain and PASI and longevity of psoriasis disease was found. Conclusion — We found that in psoriatic patients without cardiac involvement, aortic elasticity was decreased and this decrease was correlated with the duration and the severity of the disease.
1 An OSSE-based Evaluation of Hybrid Variational-Ensemble Data Assimilation for the NCEP GFS , Part I : System Description and 3 D-Hybrid Results

An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) has been carried out to evaluate the 1 impact of a hybrid ensemble-variational data assimilation algorithm for use with the National 2 Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global data assimilation system. An OSSE 3 provides a controlled framework for evaluating analysis and forecast errors since a truth is 4 known. In this case, the nature run was generated and provided by the European Centre for 5 Medium-Range Weather Forecasts as part of the international Joint OSSE project. The 6 assimilation and forecast impact studies are carried out using a model that is different than the 7 nature run model, thereby accounting for model error and avoiding issues with the so-called 8 identical twin experiments. 9 It is found that the quality of analysis is improved substantially when going from 3DVar 10 to a hybrid 3D ensemble-variational (EnVar) based algorithm. This is especially true in terms of 11 the analysis error reduction for wind and moisture, most notably in the tropics. Forecast impact 12 experiments show that the hybrid-initialized forecasts improve upon the 3DVar based forecasts 13 for most metrics, lead times, variables, and levels. An additional experiment that utilizes 14 3DEnVar (100% ensemble) demonstrates that the use of a 25% static error covariance 15 contribution does not alter the quality of hybrid analysis when utilizing the tangent linear normal 16 mode constraint on the total hybrid increment. 17
On the presynaptic action of baclofen at inhibitory synapses between cultured rat hippocampal neurones.

1. (‐)Baclofen reduces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and the associated synaptic currents (IPSCs) at inhibitory GABAergic synapses between cultured rat hippocampal neurones. The reversal potential for the IPSC is unaltered. 2. The effect of (‐)baclofen is concentration dependent; the EC50 for (‐)baclofen is approximately 5 microM. 3. Statistical analyses of the amplitude fluctuations of the IPSC in the presence of (‐)baclofen suggested a presynaptic location for the depression of synaptic transmission by (‐)baclofen. In control experiments, lowering extracellular Ca2+ produced similar effects. (‐)Baclofen has no detectable postsynaptic actions in these cultured neurones. 4. Phaclofen (0.2‐0.5 mM) increases IPSC amplitude but does not significantly block the depressant effect of (‐)baclofen on synaptic transmission. 5. The effect of (‐)baclofen is not blocked by pertussis toxin pre‐treatment. 6. It is concluded that (‐)baclofen acts presynaptically to reduce the release of GABA. The mechanism by which release is reduced may involve a phaclofen‐insensitive GABAB receptor.