Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOT SPINE LOOPS AND THE NATURE OF A LATE-PHASE SOLAR FLARE

The fan-spine magnetic topology is believed to be responsible for many curious features in solar explosive events. A spine field line links distinct flux domains, but direct observation of such a feature has been rare. Here we report a unique event observed by the Solar Dynamic Observatory where a set of hot coronal loops (over 10 MK) connected to a quasi-circular chromospheric ribbon at one end and a remote brightening at the other. Magnetic field extrapolation suggests that these loops are partly tracers of the evolving spine field line. Continuous slipping- and null-point-type reconnections were likely at work, energizing the loop plasma and transferring magnetic flux within and across the fan quasi-separatrix layer. We argue that the initial reconnection is of the “breakout” type, which then transitioned to a more violent flare reconnection with an eruption from the fan dome. Significant magnetic field changes are expected and indeed ensued. This event also features an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) late phase, i.e., a delayed secondary emission peak in warm EUV lines (about 2–7 MK). We show that this peak comes from the cooling of large post-reconnection loops beside and above the compact fan, a direct product of eruption in such topological settings. The long cooling time of the large arcades contributes to the long delay; additional heating may also be required. Our result demonstrates the critical nature of cross-scale magnetic coupling—topological change in a sub-system may lead to explosions on a much larger scale.
The Constitution's Gift? A Deliberative Democratic Analysis of Constitution Making in the European Union

Our aim in this article is to consider whether the Union’s deliberation over and decision-making on constitutional norms, can contribute to render it more democratic. From a normative perspective, the way a constitution is forged has deep implications for its democratic legitimacy. In light of recent events, we consider how procedural changes in constitution-making might contribute to rectify the Union’s democratic deficit. To do so we first develop a thin model of constitution-making based on the central tenets of deliberative democracy. We seek to outline how a legitimate constitution-making process will look from a deliberative democratic perspective. Second, we distil out some of the core characteristics of the Intergovernmental Conference (hereafter, IGC) model and assess this against the normative model, to establish the democratic quality of the IGC model. Third, we assess the current Laeken process by means of spelling out the central tenets of this mode of constitution-making, and we assess it in relation to the normative standards of the deliberative model. In the fourth and final step, we consider what contribution constitution-making might make to the handling of the EU’s legitimacy deficit(s). This article has later been published in European Law Journal vol. 11, No.4, pp. 380-410
Physiotherapy on Gait Re-education in Adult Patients after Suffering a Cerebrovascular Accident with the Purpose to Obtain a Functional Gait

Introduction: Re-education physiotherapy on gait disorders is essential to reintegrate patients, who suffered a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), in the activities of daily living. The first objective was to perform a review of the main methods of Physiotherapy intervention for gait´s alterations in the Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). Development: Literature searches were made in these databases: Medline (Ovid), Pedro, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Web of knowledge, CINAHL (EBSCOHost), SportDicus (EBSCOHost), DOAJ, Cochrane, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHost), Fuente Academica (EBSCOHost), and MedicLatina (EBSCOHost). A retrospective search of 5 years was used until April 2014. 33 records were selected based on the affinity with the subject of the review and their internal validity according to the PEDro scale. Conclusions: Treadmill was followed by robots and electromechanical devises in the most cited method by the authors. We recommend further research on vibration therapy.
Effect of Active versus Expectant Nursing Management of Third Stage of Labor on Post-Partum Hemorrhage

Background: postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the prime origin of maternal deaths. All laboring women are threatened by PPH and its toll. Prolonged 3rd stage of labor is one of the chief risk factors for PPH. To safe lives of women; proper nursing management of 3rd stage of labor is mandatory. Active or expectant nursing management of 3rd stage is the intervention of choice. Advantages and disadvantages of both techniques might be over estimated. Obstetric nurses must be prepared, competent and efficient to manage this situation at every delivery. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of active versus expectant nursing management of the third stage of labor on post-partum hemorrhage. Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted in the labor and delivery unit of the Main Maternity University Hospital, Alexandria-Egypt. A convenient sample of 80 laboring women meeting the specified inclusion criteria were enrolled to the study. The women (80) were divided into two groups: active management and expectant management group. Each laboring woman in the previously mentioned groups was individually interviewed to collect data. Four days per week during a period of four months. Results: This study found that a significant difference between the active and expectant management in the duration of the third stage of labor and the mean estimated blood loss during the 4 th stage of labor. While no statistically significant difference was found in the blood loss on labor ward as manifested by maternal vital signs and signs of shock. Likewise no significant relation was found in women's satisfaction with either active or expectant management of the 3 rd stage of labor. Conclusions and recommendations: Active management of third stag of labor is preferable to expectant management in reducing post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). The implications of this study supporting the use of active management in a more widespread obstetric setting.
Eternal Insurance--No Boys Allowed! Understanding Gender Disparities in Church Attendance through a Study of Churches in Hartford, Connecticut

If you peeked into a typical Protestant church service, what might you observe? First there could be prayer, as the Believers address God the Father in the name of His one Son, Jesus Christ. Then perhaps songs would follow—some proclaiming God’s greatness, others worshipping a loving Savior, and all utilizing masculine terms to do so. To elaborate a bit more on this man who died to pay the penalty for sins, a message might then discuss how his resurrection sparked a change so great in those who knew him that their zeal for sharing his Good News would eventually build a body of Believers—a community simply called the Church—that would change the world in countless ways. Furthermore, if thorough (and if not, the fact is easily discernible anyway), the message might also note that almost all of these early Church founders were men. In fact, a quick look around the sanctuary would likely reveal that most leadership positions are still (and possibly deliberately) held by men as well. Yet before these observations start lending credit to those who decry Christianity as a patriarchal institution defying egalitarian progress, a final baffling observation must be acknowledged: women far outnumber men in the pews. Why is this? And is it as true in Hartford, Connecticut as it is in most Protestant Churches of the modern Western world? This thesis peruses existing research on a gender gap that has long characterized the Christian Church and studies how that knowledge aligns with the reality of four Protestant churches in the “Insurance Capital of the World” today. Eternal Insurance: No Boys Allowed! Leffingwell ♣ 3
Detection of Aflatoxins B and M in Serum of Different Types of Cancer Patients 1 1 in Sana ’ a , Yemen and Their Effects on Liver and Kidney Function

This study was conducted to determine AFB and AFM in the serum of cancer patients to provide 1 1 a better assessment on the extent of human exposure to aflatoxin in Yemen and to evaluate their effects on liver and kidney function in different types of cancer patients in Sana’a, Yemen. Forty two cancer patients and 40 matched controls volunteers were subjected to the current study. AFB and AFM were determined by 1 1 HPLC using immunoaffenity column cleanup and liver and kidney functions were determined in serum of patients and controls. The results revealed the mean age of cancer patients was relatively higher than the control, the prevalence of cancer was higher in males than females and in rural than the urban residence. However no significant effect difference was found between the cancer patients and the control regarding the other social habits studied. The concentration of AFB was found to be higher in all cancer patients except 1 esophagus cancer patients compared to the control. However, AFM was detected in a higher concentration 1 in all types of cancer patients compared to the controls. No significant effect difference was observed in ALT and AST between cancer patients and the control although the other liver tests were found to be disturbance. The kidney function tests for the cancer patients were in the normal range of the control. It could be concluded that the occurrence of AFB and AFM in the serum of cancer patients and the controls 1 1 volunteers is a risk factor which may be increase the prevalence of cancer in Yemeni population.
Faculty Perceptions of Differences between Teaching Rural Appalachian and Urban Social Work Students

Faculty who teach social work students in both rural Appalachian colleges and urban settings often notice differences in how these students approach learning and respond to the classroom environment and university setting. There is limited research on how Appalachian college students experience higher education and how they perceive the benefits of a college degree. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of social work faculty members at three Appalachian and three Midwestern universities, who have taught rural Appalachian students, as well as students from urban areas. Findings indicated that faculty mostly viewed Appalachian students as being different from urban students. Appalachian social work students often focused on the practical aspects of learning, but like many urban students they were intuitive, creative, and adept at problem-solving and critical thinking. Rural students were more inclined to benefit from practice methods oriented toward rural practice. Implications for practice are discussed with an emphasis on faculty members being aware of Appalachian culture and, in turn, directing their teaching style and methods to possible learning differences.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Future Therapeutic Applications in Hematology

Induced pluripotent stem cells have recently acquired particular attention because of the following reasons: they can be derived from a wide variety of cells and tissues, their use can avoid many of the obstacles and ethical issues that limit the use of other stem cell lines and their rapidly advancing therapeutic and clinical applications. These cells can be efficiently utilized in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, drug development and discovery, genetic therapies as well as various types of cell treatments. Plenty of human and animal studies have already shown that these cells have great potentials for treating benign as well as malignant hematological disorders and that they can be utilized to generate several blood cell lines which may be used in clinical practice. In this review, several aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells will be discussed with the main focus on their future clinical applications in the field of hematology.
Leveraging Organizational Learning in NGO-Business Collaboration

Despite the fact that there have been research reports by others such as Development agencies, the research topic on collaboration between Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector has received relatively little attention from academic researchers until quite recently. Often seen as having divergent, if not contradictory values and goals, there have been a number of changes in the global environment which have driven these institutions closer together of late. The aim in this paper is to examine ways of leveraging inter-organizational learning between NGOs and the private sector, with a focus on the use of Web 2.0 technology. Firstly, we will briefly define what is to be understood by organizational learning, business and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and an outline of the somewhat contested concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the so-called ‘Triple Bottom Line’ (TBL). Secondly, we will give an overview of some of the general drivers of such collaborative arrangements, organizational learning lessons drawn from both the literature and from case examples before thirdly, focusing on examples of how Web 2.0 technology has been used by NGOs especially.
Relationship of Preparedness and Burden among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients in India

Introduction : Caregiving is a demanding physical and emotional journey, but most family caregivers assume the role with limited caregiving skills and few resources that may lead to increased levels of stress and feelings of inadequacy causing caregiver to view their role as burdensome. In an effort to understand the negative consequences of caregiving, the present study is aimed at finding the relationship of preparedness for caregiving and burden among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: An exploratory, co-relational, cross sectional survey assessed 225 eligible family caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy in selected hospital of Punjab. Measures involved Socio demographic Data Sheet, Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), and Preparedness for Caregiving Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation. Results: Preparedness for Caregiving had moderate negative correlation with burden at 0.01 level of significance (r= -0.531**). Female caregivers and those having sufficient unpaid help in caregiving responsibility had high level of perceived preparedness for caregiving. Burden was high in those caregivers who had no help in caregiving responsibility and belonged to other district (more distance from treatment center). Conclusion: Study concluded that low perceived Preparedness for Caregiving results in high burden. Oncology nurses should take the measures to increase the preparedness for caregiving among family caregiver of cancer patients. Study findings also warrant early assessments of caregiver preparedness so that supportive interventions may be targeted to the caregivers who are at risk of poor outcome. Keywords: Preparedness for Caregiving, burden, family caregiver, cancer.
Challenges Facing Technical and Vocational Education in Nigeria

The challenge of unemployment, job creation and skills development and training in order for jobs to become a reality for more people is likely to become accentuated. Considering the era when the forces of economy are highly fluctuating and are becoming unstable. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) appeared as one of the major counter balance force that will transform the economy, by creating skilled work force that could operate independently in the labour market. Based on that, this paper discussed the role TVET plays toward creating sustainable jobs for our teeming unemployed and underemployed youth in Nigeria. The paper also highlighted the consequences of neglecting TVET on Nigeria’s economy Issues and challenges that needed TVET Intervention and International Trends in Technical & Vocational Education and Training (TVET) were also discussed. The paper finally recommended that, to reduce the burden of unemployment and poverty on the youths, the government should improve funding in this critical sector and increase access to technical and vocational education for the ever-growing youths. Keywords: Technical Education, Vocational Training, Job Creation, Skills Development
Stress Relaxation of PVC Below the Yield Point

SYNOPSIS Stress relaxation of commercial poly(viny1 chloride) (PVC) is measured at strains below 3% and at different temperatures below the glass transition temperature. First it is shown that below the yield point the material follows a linear viscoelastic behavior. Then the data at a fixed deformation level (0.03) are fitted by considering a lognormal distribution function of relaxation times. Furthermore, from the measured stress-strain curves, the temperature dependence of the elastic tensile modulus is determined. The temperature dependence of the elastic modulus, the relaxation strength, and the parameters of the distribution: mean relaxation time, T,, and half-width, p, are given. Moreover, the distribution function and the temperature dependence of its characteristic parameters are discussed in terms of a cooperative model of the mechanisms involved in the mechanical relaxation of glassy polymers. Finally, the relationship proposed between the tensile modulus and the free volume helps explain the temperature dependence of the relaxation strength. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Geochemical maturity of pocket beach sands from the San’in region of southwest Japan

Major and trace elements of ninety-two coastal beach sands samples, collected along the San’in region of southwest Japan, were determined by X-ray fluorescence to define their geochemical characteristics. These included Yamaguchi (n=27), Shimane (n=50), and Tottori (n=15) beach sands samples. Data of beach sands from Shimane and Tottori normalised averages show approaching patterns relative to the upper crust of the Japan arc UCJAN, and upper continental crust UCCN, reflecting the composition of the source rocks that dominate their watersheds. In contrast the normalised patterns for most elements of Yamaguchi beach sands samples are less than 1 except for CaO, Sr, and Th. The primary component of beach sands from Shimane is quartz, or silica (SiO2), Sands from Tottori are composed essentially of weathered particles of feldspar, and in contrast components of biogenic and quartz-rich sands from Yamaguchi are primarily shell fragments, quartz, and igneous rock.
Nonmetricity formulation of general relativity and its scalar-tensor extension

Einstein's celebrated theory of gravitation can be presented in three forms: general relativity, teleparallel gravity, and the rarely considered before symmetric teleparallel gravity. These formulations differ in the underlying geometric structure and interpretations, but are equivalent in observational predictions. The theories truly part when one extends them by e.g. nonminimally coupling a scalar field to the metric tensor degree of freedom. Thus extending symmetric teleparallel gravity, we introduce a new class of theories where a scalar field is coupled nonminimally to nonmetricity $Q$, which here encodes the gravitational effects like curvature $R$ in general relativity or torsion $T$ in teleparallel gravity. We derive the field equations and point out the similarities and differences with analogous scalar-curvature and scalar-torsion theories. We show that while scalar-nonmetricity gravity lacks invariance under conformal transformations, a suitable extra term can restore this; and also establish that $f(Q)$ gravity forms a particular subclass of scalar-nonmetricity theories. We illustrate the theory with an example of flat Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker spacetime.
A novel association between Aphaenogaster subterranea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the nymphs of Reptalus panzeri (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)

The nymphs of the cixiid planthopper, Reptalus panzeri (Low, 1883), were found cohabiting with the myrmicine ant Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798) in a sub-Mediterranean oak forest in mid-western Hungary. Except for a few cases, nymphs were recorded only in the nests of A. subterranea, or were recorded with foragers of this ant from neighbouring colonies. Adult planthoppers were also found in nests of A. subterranea in the emergence period. Neither field nor laboratory studies revealed direct or unambiguous interactions between this ant and the planthopper nymphs that would indicate a trophobiotic relationship, however the fact that nymphs do not try to escape from the ants, which do not attack the nymphs, indicates some kind of mutualistic relationship between them. The main food plant of R. panzeri nymphs in this habitat is likely to be the roots of manna ash (Fraxinus ornus).
EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEM COMPLEXITY ON PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANICALLY GROWN VEGETABLES IN FLORIDA

Bhan, M. , R. McSorley, and C. A. Chase. 2010. Effect of cropping system complexity on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with organically grown vegetables in Florida. Nematropica 40:53-70. Two field experiments were initiated in summer 2006 in north-central Florida to compare the effects of integrating cover crops, living mulches, and intercropping on plant-parasitic nematode populations, as well as the effect of fall and spring vegetables on the multiplication rate of root-knot nematodes. Treatments consisted of seven organic cropping systems that included a summer cover crop followed by fall and spring vegetables. The summer cover crop included: pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanense), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens), weedy fallow, mixture of pearl millet-sunn hemp, and mixture of sorghum sudangrass-velvet bean. One experiment utilized fall yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo) and spring bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) as vegetable crops, and fall broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and spring sweet corn (Zea mays) were used in the other experiment. Nematode populations were monitored at the end of the cover crop and vegetable seasons. Summer cover crops of sorghum-sudangrass or pearl millet increased root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) population levels in some instances while sunn hemp suppressed it in the broccoli-sweet corn experiment. The multiplication rate of root-knot nematodes was lowest when broccoli was planted in the cropping system. Systems with sorghum-sudangrass (alone or in mixture) increased population densities of ring (Mesocriconema spp.) and lesion (Pratylenchus spp.) nematodes, and occasionally increased stubby-root nematodes (Paratrichodorus spp.). Cover crops that increased nematode numbers when planted alone usually gave the same result when planted in mixtures with another cover crop. Other cropping systems failed to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes but maintained low densities similar to weedy fallow.