Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified bronchial anastomosis in video-assisted thoracoscopic sleeve lobectomy: a report of 32 cases.

BACKGROUND Bronchial anastomosis is a key technical challenge in sleeve lobectomy, especially when using the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approach. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a modified bronchial anastomosis technique developed by the authors at Fujian Union Hospital. METHODS From October 2010 to October 2015, we performed 32 cases of VATS sleeve lobectomy through a three-port or single-port approach. All bronchial anastomoses were performed using modified bronchial anastomosis technique: the bronchial anastomosis was begun with an initial stitch on the posterior wall, and the bilateral quarters of the circumference were continuously sutured. The other two bilateral quarters were then similarly sutured, and the last knot was made outside the bronchial lumen. RESULTS All cases were completed uneventfully. No perioperative deaths or serious complications occurred. The mean operative time, bronchial anastomosis time, and blood loss volume were 271.8±67.5, 37.6±12.0 min, and 177.5±102.9 mL, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 21.0±11.7 months, and the follow-up rate was 96.9% (31/32). An electronic bronchoscope scan was performed 6 months after surgery, and a fine healing stoma was detected in all cases. No anastomotic fistula, anastomotic stenosis, or other serious postoperative anastomotic complications occurred until the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Modified bronchial anastomosis technique applied in bronchial anastomosis was safe and feasible in three-port and single-port VATS sleeve lobectomy with good short-term and long-term therapeutic results. Adequate management of the operative process and implementation of a skilled bronchial anastomosis technique could help to reduce the difficulty of VATS sleeve lobectomy.
Experiential dynamic therapy: a preliminary investigation into the effectiveness and process of the extended initial session.

OBJECTIVE This study explored whether patients in specialist psychology services made early gains on theoretically relevant therapeutic processes and outcomes after a trial therapy session (one 2- to 3-hour initial Experiential Dynamic Therapy session). METHOD This practice-based, nonrandomized trial used a pre-post design. Thirty-one patients (23 women, average age of 37) completed standardized measures of symptoms of general distress, interpersonal functioning, self-compassion, and remoralization before and after the trial therapy session. Video recordings of the sessions' therapy process were rated on the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale. RESULTS After the trial therapy session, patients reported a significant increase in remoralization and self-compassion and a significant decrease in symptoms of general distress but not interpersonal problems. Process ratings were not significantly associated with improvement on these outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS This initial positive effect could be due to the session or an effect of time or placebo. Future research using active control conditions is warranted.
Ondansetron and Metformin-Induced Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Treatment with metformin is associated with a high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects of unknown mechanism. Metformin is a biguanide derivative, which resembles 5-HT3–receptor agonists in its structure. Activation of 5-HT3 receptors is known to induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In this study, we investigated if the gastrointestinal side effects produced by metformin were antagonized by ondansetron, a selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors. Patients experiencing gastrointestinal side effects were randomized to ondansetron (4 mg bid po) or placebo while maintained on metformin (double-blind, parallel-group design). If side effects persisted or worsened, metformin was discontinued and the patient considered a therapeutic failure. Of the 98 subjects treated with metformin, 22 developed side effects to match the study entry criteria. Diarrhea was the most frequent side effect. Subjects were randomized to ondansetron (10/2 F/M, 42.8 ± 2.3 years, 28.6 ± 1.1 kg/m2, 2585 ± 35 mg/d metformin) or placebo (9/1 F/M, 43 ± 4.3 years, 29.7 ± 1.8 kg/m2, 2715 ± 71 mg/d metformin). Ondansetron showed no efficacy against metformin-induced side effects. A comparable number of therapeutic failures were observed in ondansetron (8/12; 66%) and placebo-treated subjects (5/10; 50%) (P < 0.1). Mean nausea scores (numeric analog scale) before and during treatment with ondansetron were 6.3 ± 1 and 6.9 ± 1 cm, respectively. Nausea scores averaged 7.3 ± 1.5 and 5.9 ± 1.5cm, before and during treatment with placebo (P > 0.1). In conclusion, 5-HT3 receptors do not seem to play a role in metformin-induced gastrointestinal side effects.
G Protein Subunit G a 13 Binds to Integrin a IIb b 3 and Mediates Integrin “ Outside-In ” Signaling

the ventrobronchi into the mesobronchus (1). A glass model demonstrated how this geometry gives rise to unidirectional airflow (1). The mechanism of unidirectional flow in alligator lungs is yet to be determined, but our data support Hazelhoff 's model (1), in which key features of the bronchial tree give rise to unidirectional flow. During inspiration, air may jet past the obliquely oriented vestibule of the CVB to enter the larger dorsal bronchial openings and reduce lateral pressure at the CVB orifice to draw air from the CVB into the intrapulmonary bronchus. During exhalation, air in the caudoventral bronchi may jet dorsally (blue arrows in Fig. 1C) to enter the ostia of the dorsobronchi. In this way, a simple arrangement of the bronchi by themselves might give rise to unidirectional airflow. Also, the mechanismof gas exchange in crocodilians is not known; a crosscurrent mechanism has been hypothesized (11), but a countercurrent mechanism cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the importance of unidirectional airflow for gas exchange efficiency in the alligator lung is not known and cannot be determined from our data, which consist of measurements of airflow. Previous scenarios for the evolution of unidirectional airflow are that it arose in dinosaurs of coelurosaurian grade (12), convergently in theropods and pterosaurs (13, 15), or not at all in dinosaurs because of a hepatic piston mechanism of breathing (14). Our findings contrast with these previous views in several ways. They demonstrate that the hepatic piston mechanism of breathing, which crocodilians have but birds lack, does not preclude the evolution of unidirectional flow and that pneumaticity, which crocodilians lack, cannot be used to diagnose unidirectional airflow in fossil taxa, as previously suggested (13, 15). Crocodilians and birds are crown-group Archosauria. Therefore, in contrast to previous views, we suggest that unidirectional flow evolved before the divergence of crurotarsan and dinosaurian archosaurs and was present in the basal archosaurs and their descendants, including phytosaurs, aetosaurs, “rauisuchians,” and crocodylomorphs. The crurotarsans and, somewhat later, the dinosaurs supplanted the synapsids as the dominant members of the Triassic terrestrial vertebrate assemblage, with Triassic mammals existing as diminutive mouselike forms (16, 17). The roles of contingency and competition in the faunal turnover that occurred in the aftermath of the End Permian mass extinction are controversial. The basal archosaurs and archosauromorphs, animals such as Euparkaria, appear to have expanded their capacity for vigorous exercise (18) during a period of relative environmental hypoxia (19). In bird lungs, unidirectional airflow coupled with a crosscurrent mechanism of gas exchange facilitates the extraction of oxygen under conditions of hypoxia (20). If such a lung was present at the base of the archosaur radiation, this clade may have been better able than the synapsids to compete for niches that required a capacity for vigorous exercise.
Prevalence of dermatophytosis among primary school children in Oke-Oyi community of Kwara state.

BACKGROUND Dermatophytic infections have been known to impact negatively on health and well-being of children. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, clinical types as well as the etiologic organisms of dermatophyte infection among primary school children aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community in Kwara state. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 4-months descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 602 children aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community, in Kwara state. RESULTS The prevalence of clinically suspected dermatophytoses lesion was 29.9% (180/602). Dermatophyte accounted for 5.0% (30/602) on Sabouraud dextrose agar culture, while non-dermatophyte molds represent majority of isolate i.e., 15.4% (93/602). Tinea capitis is the commonest clinical type, followed by Tinea coporis and then Tinea pedis. Multiple infections are noted in nine respondents. Three species of dermatophytes belonging to only two of the three genera of dermatophytes were responsible for human infection in the area studied, of which Trichophyton mentagrophyte is the commonest, followed by Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton verucossum. Among the non-dermatophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans predominate. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the prevalence of dermatophytoses in the school studied was significant. Control efforts should target this vulnerable group to reduce its prevalence.
Will compulsory voting fix the disconnect between young people and the political process

Recent trends across contemporary advanced democracies suggest a deepening disconnect between citizens and democratic politics and institutions (Norris, 2011). Most noticeably, such disaffection is represented by declining electoral participation rates, with people voting in far fewer numbers than was the case in previous decades. In Britain, nowhere is this disconnect more apparent than amongst today’s youth generation, and a major concern of our national politicians is that young people seem increasingly reluctant to vote. Only 39 per cent of registered 18 to 24 year olds voted at the General Election in 2001, falling further to 37 per cent in 2005. Their turnout did increase slightly at the most recent contest in 2010 to 44 per cent, but it remained well below youth election turnout rates recorded during the 1980s and 1990s (Henn and Foard, 2014); it was also significantly less than their older contemporaries, with for instance 76 per cent of those aged 65 and over voting in 2010 (Ipsos MORI, 2010).
Reliability Mechanisms of LTPS-TFT With  $\hbox{HfO}_{2}$ Gate Dielectric: PBTI, NBTI, and Hot-Carrier Stress

In this paper, a comprehensive study of the reliability mechanisms of high-performance low-temperature polycrystalline-Si thin-film transistor (LTPS-TFT) with gate dielectric is reported for the first time. Various bias- and temperature-stress conditions, which correspond to positive-bias stress (PBS), positive-bias temperature instability (PBTI), negative-bias stress (NBS), negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI), and hot-carrier stress, are used to differentiate the distribution and mechanism of trap density states. The generation of deep-trap states of the effective interfacial layer (IL), tail-trap states of poly-Si grain boundaries, and electron trapping of the gate dielectric is observed for the PBS and PBTI of the LTPS-TFT. In addition, both the deep- and tail-trap states of the effective IL are generated under NBS and NBTI of the LTPS-TFT.
What are the characteristics of vitamin D metabolism in opioid dependence? An exploratory longitudinal study in Australian primary care

Objective Compare vitamin D levels in opioid dependence and control population and adjust for relevant confounding effects. Nuclear hormone receptors (including the vitamin D receptor) have been shown to be key transducers and regulators of intracellular metabolism and comprise an important site of pathophysiological immune and metabolic dysregulation potentially contributing towards pro-ageing changes observed in opioid-dependent patients (ODPs). Design Longitudinal prospective comparing ODPs with general medical controls (GMCs). Setting Primary care. Participants Prospective review comparing 1168 ODP (72.5% men) and 415 GMC (51.6% men, p<0.0001). Mean ages were 33.92±0.31 (mean±SEM) and 41.22±1.32 years, respectively (p<0.0001). Opioid use in the ODP has been previously reported and shown to be typical. Interventions Nil. Observational study only. Primary and secondary outcomes Serum vitamin D levels and relevant biochemical parameters. Results Vitamin D levels were higher in the ODP (70.35±1.16 and 57.06±1.81 nmol/L, p<0.0001). The difference in ages between the two groups was handled in an age-matched case–control subanalysis and also by multiple regression. Sexes were analysed separately. The age:status (or age:time:status) was significant in case–control, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in both sexes (p<0.05). Modelled vitamin D was 62.71 vs 57.81 nmol/L in the two groups. Time-dependent mixed-effects models quadratic in age outperformed linear-only models (p=0.0377). ODP vitamin D was shown to vary with age and to correlate with alanine aminotransferase establishing it as a biomarker of age in this group. Hepatitis C seronegativity was significant in regression models (from p=0.0015). Conclusion Vitamin D was higher in ODP in both sexes in bivariate, cross-sectional, case–control and longitudinal analyses and was robust to the inclusion of metabolic and immune biomarkers. That Hepatitis C seronegativity was significant suggests opioid dependence has an effect beyond simply that of its associated hepatitides. This finding may relate to the accelerated ageing process previously described in opioid dependence.
Head louse infestations: epidemiologic survey and treatment evaluation in Argentinian schoolchildren

Background Our aim was to demonstrate that the treatment of individual cases is effective, but not sufficient, to control endemic Pediculus capitis, and that eradication of the epidemiologic school focus may lower significantly the prevalence of infestation. Statistical data on the degree of infestation relating to socio‐economic and cultural variables were also updated. Therapeutic effects and educational impact were evaluated.
Pacing Strategy, Muscle Fatigue, and Technique in 1500-m Speed-Skating and Cycling Time Trials.

PURPOSE To evaluate pacing behavior and peripheral and central contributions to muscle fatigue in 1500-m speed-skating and cycling time trials when a faster or slower start is instructed. METHODS Nine speed skaters and 9 cyclists, all competing at regional or national level, performed two 1500-m time trials in their sport. Athletes were instructed to start faster than usual in 1 trial and slower in the other. Mean velocity was measured per 100 m. Blood lactate concentrations were measured. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), and potentiated twitch (PT) of the quadriceps muscles were measured to estimate central and peripheral contributions to muscle fatigue. In speed skating, knee, hip, and trunk angles were measured to evaluate technique. RESULTS Cyclists showed a more explosive start than speed skaters in the fast-start time trial (cyclists performed first 300 m in 24.70 ± 1.73 s, speed skaters in 26.18 ± 0.79 s). Both trials resulted in reduced MVC (12.0% ± 14.5%), VA (2.4% ± 5.0%), and PT (25.4% ± 15.2%). Blood lactate concentrations after the time trial and the decrease in PT were greater in the fast-start than in the slow-start trial. Speed skaters showed higher trunk angles in the fast-start than in the slow-start trial, while knee angles remained similar. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar instructions, behavioral adaptations in pacing differed between the 2 sports, resulting in equal central and peripheral contributions to muscle fatigue in both sports. This provides evidence for the importance of neurophysiological aspects in the regulation of pacing. It also stresses the notion that optimal pacing needs to be studied sport specifically, and coaches should be aware of this.
Joint Characterization of the Cryospheric Spectral Feature Space

Multispectral and hyperspectral feature spaces are useful for a variety of remote sensing applications ranging from spectral mixture modeling to discrete thematic classification. In many of these applications, models are used to project the higher dimensional continuum of reflectances (or radiances) onto lower dimensional mappings of the image target’s physical properties or categorical composition. In such cases, characterization of the feature space dimensionality, geometry and topology can provide fundamental guidance for effective model design. Utility of this characterization, however, hinges on identification of appropriate basis vectors for the feature space. The objective of this study is to compare and contrast two fundamentally different approaches for identifying feature space basis vectors via dimensionality reduction. In so doing, we illustrate how these two approaches can be combined to render a joint characterization that reveals spectral properties not apparent using either approach alone. We use a diverse collection of AVIRIS-NG reflectance spectra of ice and snow to illustrate the utility of the joint characterization to facilitate both modeling and classification of snow and ice reflectance. Joint characterization is also shown to assist with interpretation of physical properties inferred from the spectra. Spectral feature spaces combining principal components (PCs) and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embeddings (t-SNEs) provide both physically interpretable dimensions representing the global structure of cryospheric reflectance properties as well as local manifold structures revealing clustering not resolved within the global continuum. The joint characterization reveals distinct continua for snow-firn gradients on different parts of the Greenland Ice Sheet and multiple clusters of ice reflectance properties common to both glacier and sea ice in different locations. The clustering revealed in the t-SNE feature spaces, and extended to the joint characterization, distinguishes subtle differences in spectral curvature specific to different spatial locations within the snow accumulation zone, as well as BRDF effects related to view geometry. The ability of the PC + t-SNE joint characterization to produce a physically interpretable spectral feature space revealing global topology while preserving local manifold structures for cryospheric hyperspectra suggests that this type of characterization might be extended to the much higher dimensional hyperspectral feature space of all terrestrial land cover.
Metabolism of Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Chlorinated Dibenzo-p- Dioxins by a Beijerinckia Species

Whole cells of the parent strain of Beijerinckia, grown with succinate and biphenyl, oxidized dibenzo-p-dioxin and several chlorinated dioxins. The rate of oxidation of the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins decreased with an increasing degree of chlorine substitution. A mutant strain (B8/36) of Beijerinckia oxidized dibenzo-p-dioxin to cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzo-p-dioxin. The mutant organism also oxidized two monochlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins to cis-dihydrodiols. No metabolites were detected from two dichlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Growth of the parent strain of Beijerinckia on succinate was inhibited after 4 h when 0.05% dibenzo-p-dioxin was present in the culture medium. Resting cell suspensions of the parent organism, previously grown with succinate and biphenyl, oxidized dibenzo-p-dioxin to a compound identified as 1,2-dihydroxydibenzo-p-dioxin. Further degradation of this metabolite was not detected, as the compound was found to be a potent mixed-type inhibitor of two ring-fission oxygenases present in this organism.
Dyslipoproteinemias in systemic lupus erythematosus: influence of disease, activity, and anticardiolipin antibodies

Objective: To determine the influence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), disease activity, and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on lipid profile, in order to identify patients with high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Fasting lipid profiles were performed in 36 consecutive female SLE patients without any therapy and 30 controls. Exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus, CAD, liver or thyroid disease, ingestion of lipid-raising drugs, serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl, and proteinuria ≥ 0.5 g/d. Disease activity was measured by SLEDAI. Results: High levels of VLDL-C and TG and low levels of HDL-C, the 'lupus pattern', were observed in inactive SLE compared to controls (P < 0.05). Active disease enhanced this difference inducing a more striking increase in VLDL-C and TG levels and also a decrease in HDL-C and LDL-C levels compared to inactive SLE patients (P < 0.05), characterizing the 'active lupus pattern'. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between SLEDAI scores and all lipid fractions. Furthermore these lipid abnormalities were particularly associated with vasculitis. Lower HDL-C levels detected in IgG aCL+ patients compared to IgG aCL - patients were not confirmed by two-way analysis of variance which demonstrated that this difference was exclusively caused by disease activity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SLE patients have a lipid profile abnormality which is aggravated by disease activity and may reside in a defect of VLDL metabolism. This pattern of dyslipoproteinemia may increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease.
Treatment of Class II Furcation Defects with Guided Tissue Regeneration or Enamel Matrix Derivative Proteins - A 12-Month Comparative Clinical Study

Furcation lesions are associated with increased risk of progressive loss of connective tissue attachment, alveolar bone resorption, and tooth mortality (Bjorn and Hjort, 1982; Becker et al, 1984; Wang et al, 1994; Wood et al, 1989; Hirshfield and Wasserman, 1978; McFall, 1982; Carranza and Jolkovsky, 1991), representing one of the greatest challenges in periodontal therapy. Surgical management permits access for root debridement and decontamination, odontoplasty, osseous recontouring and periodontal regeneration. These procedures aim at the interruption of the disease process, the preservation of the remaining periodontal attachment and most importantly in the case of regenerative therapy the formation of new alveolar bone, new cementum and functionally inserted new periodontal ligament fibres. Successful outcome of furcation defects treatment is clinically defined by the elimination of horizontal and vertical defect components by bone fill. Treatment of Class II Furcation Defects with Guided Tissue Regeneration or Enamel Matrix Derivative Proteins – A 12-Month Comparative Clinical Study