Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with 56-day non-return rate in dairy cattle

The objective of this work was to identify factors associated with the 56-day non-return rate (56-NRR) in dairy herds in the Galician region, Spain, and to estimate it for individual Holstein bulls. The experiment was carried out in herds originated from North-West Spain, from September 2008 to August 2009. Data of the 76,440 first inseminations performed during this period were gathered. Candidate factors were tested for their association with the 56-NRR by using a logistic model (binomial). Afterwards, 37 sires with a minimum of 150 first performed inseminations were individually evaluated. Logistic models were also estimated for each bull, and predicted individual 56-NRR rate values were calculated as a solution for the model parameters. Logistic regression found four major factors associated with 56-NRR in lactating cows: age at insemination, days from calving to insemination, milk production level at the time of insemination, and herd size. First-service conception rate, when a particular sire was used, was higher for heifers (0.71) than for lactating cows (0.52). Non-return rates were highly variable among bulls. Asignificant part of the herd-level variation of 56-NRR of Holstein cattle seems attributable to the service sire. High correlation level between observed and predicted 56-NRR was found.
Effect of E85 on Tailpipe Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles

Abstract E85, which consists of nominally 85% fuel grade ethanol and 15% gasoline, must be used in flexible-fuel (or “ﬂex-fuel”) vehicles (FFVs) that can operate on fuel with an ethanol content of 0–85%. Published studies include measurements of the effect of E85 on tailpipe emissions for Tier 1 and older vehicles. Car manufacturers have also supplied a large body of FFV certification data to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, primarily on Tier 2 vehicles. These studies and certification data reveal wide variability in the effects of E85 on emissions from different vehicles. Comparing Tier 1 FFVs running on E85 to similar non-FFVs running on gasoline showed, on average, significant reductions in emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx; 54%), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs; 27%), and carbon monoxide (CO; 18%) for E85. Comparing Tier 2 FFVs running on E85 and comparable non-FFVs running on gasoline shows, for E85 on average, a signifi-cant reduction in emissions of CO (20%), and no signifi-cant effect on emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs). NOx emissions from Tier 2 FFVs averaged approximately 28% less than comparable non-FFVs. However, perhaps because of the wide range of Tier 2 NOx standards, the absolute difference in NOx emissions between Tier 2 FFVs and non-FFVs is not significant (P =0.28). It is interesting that Tier 2 FFVs operating on gasoline produced approximately 13% less NMOGs than non-FFVs operating on gasoline. The data for Tier 1 vehicles show that E85 will cause significant reductions in emissions of benzene and butadiene, and significant increases in emissions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, in comparison to emissions from gasoline in both FFVs and non-FFVs. The compound that makes up the largest proportion of organic emissions from E85-fueled FFVs is ethanol.
UTILIZANDO O GEOGEBRA PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE INTEGRAL DE RIEMANN NO ENSINO DE ANÁLISE REAL

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada sobre as contribuicoes da utilizacao do software GeoGebra aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem de Integral de Riemann em disciplinas de Analise Real, oferecidas em cursos de Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Matematica. A fundamentacao teorica se deu em pesquisas sobre Processos do Pensamento Matematica Avancado, Rigor e Intuicao no Ensino de Calculo e Analise. A pesquisa foi de cunho qualitativo, sendo um estudo de caso, pois se buscou a compreensao de professores de duas universidades federais do estado de Minas Gerais. Foram elaboradas e avaliadas atividades de exploracao visual e numerica relacionadas ao conceito de Integral de Riemann. Os resultados apontaram que a utilizacao do software GeoGebra contribuiu para uma possivel discussao entre professores e alunos no que tange a construcao e ressignificacao do conceito de Integral de Riemann na Analise e/ou na transicao entre o Calculo e a Analise.
Analysis of Accidents during Cable Yarding Operations in Austria 1998–2008

Nacrtak This paper deals with accidents in the period 1998 – 2008 reported during harvesting operations in OBf AG, Austria’s largest forest enterprise, with a focus on cable yarding. In total 1888 accidents were recorded with 8.7% of these associated with cable yarding activities. The overall accident rate amounted to 36 incidents per million cubic meter extracted by cable yarder. There was a clear spike in accidents between 2 and 3 pm. Most accidents occurred on Wednesdays and Mondays (26 and 25%, respectively). The four months of March, June September and November accounted for 45% of all accidents. The majority of accidents (63.2%) were caused by broken spar and anchor trees, bouncing cables and falling objects. Frequently injured body parts were the extremities such as hand and feet (64%) and the head and neck area (15.2%). Contusions (37.8%) are the most common kind of injury followed by bone fractures (12.8%), sprain or strains (11.6%) and punctures or lacerations (10.4%). An average cable yarding accident required 17.9 days for recovery, compared to the 25.6 days for manual extraction and 29.7 days for extraction by means of a tractor or skidder. Accident severity varied among body parts: eye injuries resulted in three lost work days, while injured extremities required 20 days for recovery. During wood extraction, some stems with branches may be unhooked and fall down. In this case, the accidents caused are the most severe needing 27 days for recovery.
Vaginal lactobacilli and preterm birth

Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between the absence of vaginal lactobacilli and preterm birth at < 33 weeks of gestation. Methods: A prospective study of the vaginal flora in the second trimester was undertaken in 1958 women with singleton pregnancies. The contribution of various microorganisms to preterm delivery was analyzed using a multivariate-logistic regression model. Results: Lactobacillus species were not cultured from 28% of 118 women who delivered at < 33 weeks, 10% of 224 women who delivered between 33 and 36 weeks, and 5% of 1616 women who delivered at > 37 weeks of gestation. Lactobacilli (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.15 [0.09 to 0.24]), Mycoplasma hominis (2.3 [1.0 to 5.4]), and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods (2.1 [1.0 to 4.2]) were identified as independent risk factors for preterm delivery at < 33 weeks of gestation. Absence of lactobacilli (sensitivity and positive predictive value: 28% and 25%) was a better predictor of preterm delivery at < 33 weeks of gestation than the presence of Mycoplasma hominis (7% and 13%, respectively) or glucose non-fermentative rods (9% and 11%). Conclusions: Although this was not a cohort study, results suggest that tests for determining the presence of vaginal lactobacilli may be clinically useful tools for identifying women at an increased risk of preterm delivery at < 33weeks of gestation.
Uterine disorders in 59 rabbits

The medical records of 59 rabbits with uterine disorders were assessed retrospectively. Ten animals were presented because of vaginal discharge; the reasons for presentation of the remaining 49 rabbits included mammary masses, skin tumours, anorexia and poor general health. All the rabbits underwent a clinical examination, and 54 were examined by ultrasonography and/or radiography. Forty-five rabbits underwent ovariohysterectomy and the other 14 rabbits were euthanased, three because of pulmonary metastases and 11 because of very poor health unrelated to their uterine disease. The genital tracts of all the rabbits were submitted for histological examination. Endometrial hyperplasia (in 24 rabbits) and adenocarcinoma (in 18 rabbits) were the most common uterine disorders; in a further 11 cases both conditions were observed. The remaining six rabbits had other uterine disorders. Four rabbits that were presented with adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland were found to have concurrent uterine disorders. The mean age of the rabbits with endometrial hyperplasia was 4·5 years, and that of the rabbits with adenocarcinoma was 6·1 years. Four rabbits had ovarian tumours.
Quantized Hall conductance in a two-dimensional periodic potential

The Hall conductance of a two-dimensional electron gas has been studied in a uniform magnetic field and a periodic substrate potential U. The Kubo formula is written in a form that makes apparent the quantization when the Fermi energy lies in a gap. Explicit expressions have been obtained for the Hall conductance for both large and small Uℏωc.
Conversational implicature in movie script Tangled (2010)

ENGLISH: Pragmatic talks about people’s intended meaning, their assumption, their purpose or goals and also the kind of action. This study attempts to analyze pragmatically the conversational implied meaning. Therefore, this research focouses on two topics: 1. What implied meanings of the conversational implicature are found in Tangled movie? 2. How maxims of conversation are violated in the conversational implicature in Tangled movie? The research uses the Yule’s theory (1996) about the conversational implicature and Grice’s theory (1975) about maxims of conversational. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by analyzing document. This reserach finding the implied meanings aimed at classifying the types of conversational implicature resulted from the violated maxims which have been done by the characters in the Tangled movie and then explaining their meanings. The data of this research found are 26 data. Based on the data analysis, the results show that the conversational implicature based on cooperative principle used in Tangled movie, the reults show that the conversational implicature violates are the maxims of is maxim of relation (10 data), maxim of manner (7 data), maxim of quality (5 data), and maxim of quantity (4 data). Based on the findings of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the implicatur conversational violates the maxims of conversational especially for maxim of relation that gives irrelevant information to convey the implied meaning. INDONESIA: Pragmatik menjelaskan tentang makna yang diucapkan orang, asumsi mereka, tujuan atau sasaran mereka dan juga jenis tindakannya. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis secara pragmatis makna tersirat percakapan atau Prinsip Kooperatif Grice dan maksimnya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini memfokuskan pada dua topik: 1. Apa makna tersirat dari implikatur percakapan yang ditemukan dalam film Tangled? 2. Bagaimana maksim percakapan melanggar implikatur percakapan dalam film Tangled? Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Yule (1996) tentang implikasi percakapan dan teori Grice (1975) tentang prinsip-prinsip percakapan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan makna tersirat yang ditujukan untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis implikatur percakapan yang dihasilkan dari pelanggaran maksim yang telah dilakukan oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam film Tangled dan kemudian menjelaskan maknanya. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 26 data. Berdasarkan analisis data, hasil menunjukkan bahwa implikatur percakapan berdasarkan prinsip kooperatif yang digunakan dalam film Tangled, menunjukkan bahwa yang melanggar implikatur percakapan adalah maksim relevansi (10 data), maksim pelaksanaan (7 data), maksim kualitas (5 data), dan maksim kuantitas (4 data). Berdasarkan temuan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa implikatur percakapan yang melanggar maksim percakapan terutama untuk memaksimalkan hubungan yang memberikan informasi yang tidak relevan untuk menyampaikan makna yang tersirat.
Atopic Ocular Surface Disease: Implications on Tear Function and Ocular Surface Mucins

Purpose: To describe tear function, mucin alterations, and ocular surface disorder in patients with atopic diseases. Methods: Subjects underwent corneal sensitivity measurements, Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT) assay, and fluorescein and rose Bengal staining of the ocular surface. Conjunctival impression cytology and brush cytology were also conducted. Impression cytology samples underwent PAS and immunohistochemical staining for MUC5AC. Brush cytology specimens underwent evaluation for inflammatory cell expression and RT-PCR for MUC5AC mRNA expression. Differences related to tear function and ocular surface examination parameters among patients with and without corneal ulceration and healthy control subjects were studied. Results: Mean corneal sensitivity and BUT values were significantly lower in atopic patients with corneal ulcers compared with patients without ulcers and controls (P < 0.001). Brush cytology specimens from patients with corneal ulcers revealed significantly higher expression of inflammatory cells compared with patients without ulcers and controls (P < 0.001). Impression cytology samples from eyes with corneal ulcers showed significant squamous metaplasia and reduction of goblet cell density compared with eyes without ulcers and control subjects. Specimens from eyes with corneal ulcers showed PAS (+) mucin pick up and did not stain positive for MUC5AC. MUC5AC mRNA expression was significantly lower in eyes with corneal ulcers compared with in eyes without ulcers and control subjects. Conclusions: Ocular surface inflammation, tear film instability, and decreased conjunctival MUC5AC mRNA expression are important in the pathogenesis of noninfectious corneal shield ulcers in atopic ocular surface disease.
Extreme hypoventilation reduces ventilator-induced lung injury during ventilation with low positive end-expiratory pressure in saline-lavaged rabbits.

OBJECTIVE To compare the degrees of ventilator-induced lung injury caused by two ventilation protocols. DESIGN Randomized trial. SETTING University animal laboratory. SUBJECTS Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits. INTERVENTIONS After five sequential saline lung lavages, eight pairs of anesthetized rabbits were allocated randomly to receive either of two ventilation protocols for 4 hrs during neuromuscular blockade. Both groups received 3 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure and 100% oxygen. Control group animals received an estimated tidal volume of 12 mL/kg, an inspiratory time of 0.7 sec, and a ventilatory rate adjusted for a PaCO2 of 35 to 45 torr (4.7 to 6 kPa). Study group animals were ventilated through an intratracheal catheter, with inspiratory time of 1.5 secs, ventilatory rate of 20 breaths/min, and peak inspiratory pressure of 4 to 8 cm H2O, adjusted to maintain PaCO2 at 150 to 250 torr (20 to 33 kPa). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Arterial blood gases were measured every 30 mins. After 4 hrs, a final lung lavage was performed. Physiologic parameters, cell counts and protein concentration in the final lavage, and lung histology were compared between groups. The alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient was higher in the study group over the first 1.5 hrs, but the time profile showed significantly (p = .001) greater improvement in the study group. After 4 hrs, the mean alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient was lower in the study group (94 torr [12.5 kPa] vs. 201 torr [26.8 kPa]). The increase in neutrophil count from the initial to the final lung lavage was lower in the study group (0.27 x 10(7) cells/L vs. 2.01 x 10(7) cells/L, p = . 037), as was the absolute value of the neutrophil count in the final lavage (1.33 x 10(7) cells/L vs. 3.02 x 10(7) cells/L, p = . 04). The median hyaline membrane score was lower in the study group (0.5 vs. 3.0) but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a very low tidal volume reduces ventilator-induced lung injury in saline-lavaged rabbits during ventilation at low lung volume.
The Lymphoma-associated Fusion Tyrosine Kinase ITK-SYK Requires Pleckstrin Homology Domain-mediated Membrane Localization for Activation and Cellular Transformation*

ITK-SYK, a novel fusion tyrosine kinase (FTK) resulting from a recurrent t(5;9)(q33;q22), was recently identified in a poorly understood subset of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. However, the biochemical and functional properties of ITK-SYK are unknown. Here we demonstrate that ITK-SYK is a catalytically active tyrosine kinase that is sensitive to an established inhibitor of SYK. The expression of ITK-SYK, but not SYK, transformed NIH3T3 cells, inducing loss of contact inhibition and formation of anchorage-independent colonies in soft agar, in a kinase activity-dependent manner. ITK-SYK is unusual among FTKs in having an N-terminal phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Introduction of a well characterized loss-of-function mutation (R29C) into the PH domain of ITK-SYK inhibited its phosphorylation, markedly reduced its catalytic activity, and abrogated its ability to activate the ERK signaling pathway and to transform NIH3T3 cells. Although ITK-SYK was membrane-associated, ITK-SYK-R29C was not. However, each of these properties could be recovered by retargeting ITK-SYK-R29C back to the plasma membrane by the addition of an N-terminal myristylation sequence. Consistent with a model in which ITK-SYK requires PH domain-mediated binding to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate generated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), ITK-SYK activity was reduced by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K and increased by co-expression with a constitutively active form of PI3K. Together, these findings identify ITK-SYK as an active, transforming FTK dependent upon PH domain-mediated membrane localization, identify a novel mechanism for activation of an oncogenic FTK, and suggest ITK-SYK as a rational therapeutic target for t(5;9)(q33;q22)-positive lymphomas.
Histological aspects of sexually transmitted genital lesions

Occasional biopsies of genital lesions due to chancroid, secondary syphilis (the condyloma latum) and granuloma inguinale are encountered in routine histopathological practice. These lesions have specific microscopical appearances enabling a confident, or at least a presumptive, diagnosis to be made in most cases, yet the value of biopsy in the diagnosis of these diseases is not generally appreciated. The ulcer of chancroid shows three zones—a narrow superficial zone of degenerate leucocytes and fibrin, a broader middle zone with characteristic vascular changes, and a deep zone in which there is a plasma cell and lymphocyte infiltrate. The condyloma latum shows hyperplasia of the epidermis which is infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leucocytes in addition to the mononuclear infiltration of the dermis. Large numbers of spirochaetes are found in the area of the polymorph exocytosis of the epidermis. The inflammatory infiltrate of granuloma inguinale consists of a neutrophil and plasma cell infiltrate with moderate numbers of large mononuclear cells in which there are one or more vacuoles containing Donovan bodies.
Comparison of soil nutrient fluxes from tree-fall gap zones of an old-growth northern hardwood forest1

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess nutrient losses, via soil solutes, from discrete zones of recent, single-tree gaps in an old-growth, northern hardwood forest. Growing season flux rates of all solutes did not differ between the “undisturbed” zones (areas 5 m away from gap-making trees) and “crownfall” zones (areas associated with fallen tree crowns) of the twelve tree-fallgaps we studied. Under assumptions of partial root gap formation (50% root mortality), total cation and anion fluxes were 2-fold greater, and DON and total N fluxes were 2- to 3-fold greater in the “proximate” zones (areas 0–2 m from stumps of snapped, gap-making trees) compared to the crownfall and undisturbed zones. The “pit” zones (areas of disturbed soil associated with tipped-up trees) exhibited 3- to 6-fold greater NH4+, NO3−, and total dissolved N fluxes, and 2-fold greater total cation and anion fluxes than the undisturbed and crownfall zones. We estimated that proximate and pit zones associated with both recent and old tree-fall gaps accounted for 12% and 0.3%, respectively, of the total stand area in this old-growth forest. At the stand level, root throw pits contributed < 1% of the estimated NO3−, total dissolved N, total cations and total anions leaching from the system. Under assumptions of partial root gap formation proximate zones contributed 24–27% of the flux of these solutes. We conclude that the pit zones were inconsequential for nutrient loss and, while proximate zones contributed substantially more to nutrient losses from this system, the majority of nutrients leached from this system (∼ 75%) were leached from undisturbed forest zones. Our results indicate that efforts to account for mechanisms of nutrient loss from old-growth forests must consider variation in leaching rates associated with discrete microenvironments within gaps, and focus greater attention on nutrient retention capacity of the live, intact forest matrix.
Hypertrophy of mucosa and serosa in the obstructed intestine of rats

After a surgically induced partial obstruction of the small intestine (ileum) in adult rats there is an accumulation of ingesta and a progressive enlargement of the lumen accompanied by wall thickening: over a period of 2–3 wk the circumference of the hypertrophic intestine increases by a factor of 2·7 and the thickness of the musculature increases more than threefold, while the length of the ileum (measured at the mesenteric attachment) remains unchanged. The villi become markedly larger and more elongated in the circumferential direction, and have a greater separation between one another. The number of villi per unit surface is markedly reduced but the number of villi per unit length of ileum, whilst appearing to show a small increase, was not significantly altered. The component epithelial cells (absorptive cells) appear unchanged in morphology and size (height). The microvilli of the epithelial cells have the same appearance, size (height) and packing density in the control and the hypertrophic ileum. Glands of Lieberkühn, Peyer's patches and single lymphatic follicles constituting the Peyer's patches are significantly increased in size in the hypertrophic intestine. The serosal surface of the hypertrophic ileum, in spite of the great expansion, remains regularly covered by mesothelial cells; these are much larger than in the controls and have an altered distribution of their microvilli.
'Make or Buy' as Competitive Strategy: Evidence from the Spanish Local TV Industry

This paper empirically investigates whether changes in product market competition affect firm boundaries. Exploiting regulation-induced shocks to entry barriers and differences in regulation enforcement across cities to obtain exogenous variation in competition, we establish a negative causal effect of competition (through reduced entry barriers and a larger number of rival firms) on vertical integration in the setting of the Spanish local television industry between 1995 and 2002. We also find that stations located in larger markets are on average more likely to produce their content in-house than stations in smaller markets, and that private stations outsource more.