Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF SYSTEMATICS ON SZ–OPTICAL SCALING RELATIONS

One of the central goals of multi-wavelength galaxy cluster cosmology is to unite all cluster observables to form a consistent understanding of cluster mass. Here, we study the impact of systematic effects from optical cluster catalogs on stacked Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) signals. We show that the optically predicted Y-decrement can vary by as much as 50% based on the current 2σ systematic uncertainties in the observed mass–richness relationship. Miscentering and impurities will suppress the SZ signal compared to expectations for a clean and perfectly centered optical sample, but to a lesser degree. We show that the levels of these variations and suppression are dependent on the amount of systematics in the optical cluster catalogs. We also study X-ray luminosity-dependent sub-sampling of the optical catalog and find that it creates Malmquist bias, increasing the observed Y-decrement of the stacked signal. We show that the current Planck measurements of the Y-decrement around Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical clusters and their X-ray counterparts are consistent with expectations after accounting for the 1σ optical systematic uncertainties using the Johnston mass–richness relation.
POST-EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENT DRIFT ?

We show that actively managed U.S. hedge funds, on average, trade on the post-earnings announcement drift anomaly more aggressively than mutual funds. Both mutual and hedge funds that actively trade on drift anomaly face higher arbitrage risk. However arbitrage risk reduces mutual funds' willingness to buy high-SUE stocks with high return volatility, but not hedge funds’.
Cruise Tourism Shore Excursions: Value for Destinations?

ABSTRACT Very complex yet highly integrated business logics characterise cruise tourism with shore excursions frequently identified as a key source of value. This paper presents a case study of cruise tourism and shore excursion planning in Copenhagen, Denmark. The aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of cruise tourism, itinerary and shore excursion planning with a view to understanding the value generated from cruise tourism shore excursions. We argue that economic value is a blunt measure, and there are other types of value, positive and negative, that are also generated. This research reveals that a range of local conditions and structural characteristics create barriers and opportunities for generating different types of value. Using a case study of shore excursions in Copenhagen, the Baltic’s most important port, this paper explains the dynamics between cruise tourism and shore excursions. The study highlights that destination managers and port authorities cannot assume the monetary and non-monetary value generated from shore excursions automatically flows on to, and throughout, destinations. Destination managers can make better decisions and engage in more targeted and informed strategies to optimise value for local destinations if they understand these dynamics.
On an inequality between Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues for the Laplace operator

A simple proof of the inequality µk+1 1. Let Ω be a domain in R d such that the Sobolev space W 1 2 (Ω) is compactly embedded in L2(Ω). Then the spectra of the Dirichlet problem and the Neumann problem for the Laplace operator are both discrete. We denote the respective operators by −∆D and −∆N, and enumerate their eigenvalues in increasing order (with multiplicity taken into account): σ(−∆D )= {λk} ∞=1 ,σ (−∆N )= {µk} ∞=1 .
Nav 1 . 7 expression is increased in painful human dental pulp

Background: Animal studies and a few human studies have shown a change in sodium channel (NaCh) expression after inflammatory lesions, and this change is implicated in the generation of pain states. We are using the extracted human tooth as a model system to study peripheral pain mechanisms and here examine the expression of the Nav1.7 NaCh isoform in normal and painful samples. Pulpal sections were labeled with antibodies against: 1) Nav1.7, N52 and PGP9.5, and 2) Nav1.7, caspr (a paranodal protein used to identify nodes of Ranvier), and myelin basic protein (MBP), and a z-series of optically-sectioned images were obtained with the confocal microscope. Nav1.7-immunofluorescence was quantified in N52/PGP9.5-identified nerve fibers with NIH ImageJ software, while Nav1.7 expression in myelinated fibers at caspr-identified nodal sites was evaluated and further characterized as either typical or atypical as based on caspr-relationships. Results: Results show a significant increase in nerve area with Nav1.7 expression within coronal and radicular fiber bundles and increased expression at typical and atypical caspr-identified nodal sites in painful samples. Painful samples also showed an augmentation of Nav1.7 within localized areas that lacked MBP, including those associated with atypical caspr-identified sites, thus identifying NaCh remodeling within demyelinating axons as the basis for a possible pulpal pain mechanism. Conclusion: This study identifies the increased axonal expression and augmentation of Nav1.7 at intact and remodeling/demyelinating nodes within the painful human dental pulp where these changes may contribute to constant, increased evoked and spontaneous pain responses that characterize the pain associated with toothache. Background The activation of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaChs) plays an essential role in neuronal excitability, including the initiation and propagation of action potentials [1]. Experimental animal studies and a few human studies have shown that NaChs change their expression in sensory neurons following inflammatory and nerve lesions and these changes may contribute to the activation of pain pathways leading to the development of increased pain states [2]. The NaChs represent a diverse gene family, with at least nine different isoforms identified within the mammalian nervous system [3]. These different isoforms not only show distinct electrophysiological properties but also select distributions within different regions of the nervous Published: 21 April 2008 Molecular Pain 2008, 4:16 doi:10.1186/1744-8069-4-16 Received: 11 January 2008 Accepted: 21 April 2008 This article is available from: http://www.molecularpain. com/content/4/1/16 © 2008 Luo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MID-INFRARED SPECTRAL INDICATORS OF STAR FORMATION AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY IN NORMAL GALAXIES

We investigate the use of mid-infrared (MIR) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands, the continuum, and emission lines as probes of star formation (SF) and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in a sample of 100 “normal” and local (z ∼ 0.1) emission-line galaxies. The MIR spectra were obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph as part of the Spitzer-SDSS-GALEX Spectroscopic Survey, which includes multi-wavelength photometry from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared and optical spectroscopy. The continuum and features were extracted using PAHFIT, a decomposition code which we find to yield PAH equivalent widths (EWs) up to ∼30 times larger than the commonly used spline methods. Despite the lack of extreme objects in our sample (such as strong AGNs, low-metallicity galaxies, or ULIRGs), we find significant variations in PAH, continuum, and emission-line properties, and systematic trends between these MIR properties and optically derived physical properties, such as age, metallicity, and radiation field hardness. We revisit the diagnostic diagram relating PAH EWs and [Ne ii]12.8 μm/[O iv]25.9 μm line ratios and find it to be in much better agreement with the standard optical SF/AGN classification than when spline decompositions are used, while also potentially revealing obscured AGNs. The luminosity of individual PAH components, of the continuum, and, with poorer statistics, of the neon emission lines and molecular hydrogen lines are found to be tightly correlated to the total infrared (TIR) luminosity, making individual MIR components good gauges of the total dust emission in SF galaxies. Like the TIR luminosity, these individual components can be used to estimate dust attenuation in the UV and in Hα lines based on energy balance arguments. We also propose average scaling relations between these components and dust-corrected, Hα-derived SF rates.
Desempenho visual dos pacientes pseudofácicos com diferentes lentes intraoculares

OBJETIVO: Comparar a performance visual dos pacientes submetidos ao implante das lentes intraoculares multifocais difrativas Tecnis® MF ZM900, Acrysof® Restor® SN60D3, Acrysof® SN60WF e Acrysof® SN60AT. METODOS: Estudo prospectivo comparativo, nao randomizado, que incluiu 142 olhos de 71 pacientes com catarata, provenientes do ambulatorio de oftalmologia do HC-FMUSP. A avaliacao oftalmologica contou com medida da acuidade visual para longa, intermediaria e curta distância, sem correcao e com a melhor correcao optica, teste de sensibilidade ao contraste, pupilometria e analise de frente de onda por meio do aberrometro. Todos os exames foram realizados com seis meses de pos-operatorio. RESULTADOS: A media de idade dos pacientes foi de 60,7±6,6 anos no grupo Tecnis, 63,1±4,4 anos no grupo Restor e 63,7±4,2 anos no grupo monofocal (SN60AT no olho contralateral SN60WF). A acuidade visual para perto nao corrigida e corrigida para longe foi estatisticamente superior nos grupos multifocal Restor e multifocal Tecnis em comparacao ao grupo monofocal SN60AT/SN60WF (p<0,001). Nao houve diferenca estatistica entre os grupos na comparacao da acuidade visual para longe (p=0,56). A sensibilidade ao contraste fotopica monocular foi estatisticamente inferior nos grupos Restor e Tecnis (p<0,001). A SN60AT apresentou maior aberracao esferica comparada a todas as outras lentes (p<0,001). A Tecnis se mostrou com menores valores medios de aberracoes esfericas na comparacao com a Restor (p<0.001). CONCLUSAO: A Restor e Tecnis apresentaram melhor acuidade visual para perto do que o grupo monofocal SN60AT/SN60WF. Todas as lentes intraoculares promoveram boa visao para longe. O grupo da Tecnis apresentou melhor sensibilidade de contraste, menos aberracoes opticas e melhor visao intermediaria que o grupo Restor.
WHAT TURNS GALAXIES OFF? THE DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGIES OF STAR-FORMING AND QUIESCENT GALAXIES SINCE z ∼ 2 FROM CANDELS

We use HST/WFC3 imaging from the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Survey, in conjunction with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to explore the evolution of galactic structure for galaxies with stellar masses >3 × 1010 M☉ from z = 2.2 to the present epoch, a time span of 10 Gyr. We explore the relationship between rest-frame optical color, stellar mass, star formation activity, and galaxy structure. We confirm the dramatic increase from z = 2.2 to the present day in the number density of non-star-forming galaxies above 3 × 1010 M☉ reported by others. We further find that the vast majority of these quiescent systems have concentrated light profiles, as parameterized by the Sérsic index, and the population of concentrated galaxies grows similarly rapidly. We examine the joint distribution of star formation activity, Sérsic index, stellar mass, inferred velocity dispersion, and stellar surface density. Quiescence correlates poorly with stellar mass at all z < 2.2. Quiescence correlates well with Sérsic index at all redshifts. Quiescence correlates well with “velocity dispersion” and stellar surface density at z > 1.3, and somewhat less well at lower redshifts. Yet, there is significant scatter between quiescence and galaxy structure: while the vast majority of quiescent galaxies have prominent bulges, many of them have significant disks, and a number of bulge-dominated galaxies have significant star formation. Noting the rarity of quiescent galaxies without prominent bulges, we argue that a prominent bulge (and perhaps, by association, a supermassive black hole) is an important condition for quenching star formation on galactic scales over the last 10 Gyr, in qualitative agreement with the active galactic nucleus feedback paradigm.
Characterization and Consequences of Estrogen Receptor Exon Five Deletion.

Abstract : Estrogen, a key regulator of normal breast growth and differentiation, has been shown to promote both cancer cell proliferation and invasion. This steroid hormone mediates its effect via the estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. A comparison of mRNA ratios of a non-DNA binding estrogen receptor isoform, missing exon 3 (ERdelta3), to the full length ER in breast cancer, cancer cell lines and normal mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts, revealed a 30 fold reduction of this ratio in cancer cells (p < 0.001). This suggested a link between the relative loss of ERdelta3 from normal cells and breast carcinogenesis. To directly test its effect on breast cancer cells, stable clones of MCF-7 cells expressing ectopic ERdelta3 protein at levels not exceeding those of physiological ER were generated. In vector transfected controls the ERdelta3-mRNA and protein were less than 10% of total ER while in the ERdelta3-expressing clones, ERdelta3-mRNA and protein represented approximately 50% of the total ER. The presence of ERdelta3 in these cells interfered with both estrogen (E2) stimulation of the pS2 gene mRNA, (inhibited by more than 90% in all ERdelta3-MCF-7 clones as compared with the pMV7 vector transfected control cells), and estrogen mediated down-regulation of its own receptor. Furthermore, analyses of the cells expressing ERdelta3 revealed a reduction in their malignant potential as well as a reversal of several features that distinguish transformed from normal cells. In presence of 1x10(exp -8) M E2, compared to control cells, the ERdelta3-expressing cells were density arrested at 50%, and their invasiveness in vivo was reduced by up to 79%. As expected, estrogen stimulated anchorage independent growth of both the control pMV7 vector transfected cells and the parental MCF-7 cells, but reduced it to below baseline levels in ERdelta3 clones.
Thermodynamic consideration and ground-state search of icosahedral boron subselenide B 12 (B 1 -x Se x ) 2 from a first-principles cluster expansion

The phase stability of icosahedral boron subselenide B12(B1−xSex)2, where 0.5 x 1, is explored using a first-principles cluster expansion. The results shows that, instead of a continuous solid solution, B12(B1−xSex)2 is thermodynamically stable as an individual line compound at the composition of B9.5Se. The ground-state configuration of B9.5Se is represented by a mixture of B12(Se-Se), B12(B-Se), and B12(Se-B) with a ratio of 1:1:1, where they form a periodic ABCABC . stacking sequence of B12(Se-Se), B12(B-Se), and B12(Se-B) layers along the c axis of the hexagonal conventional unit cell. The structural and electronic properties of the ground-state B9.5Se are also derived and discussed. By comparing the derived ground-state properties of B9.5Se to the existing experimental data of boron subselenide B∼13Se, I proposed that the as-synthesized boron subselenide B∼13Se, as reported in the literature, has the actual composition of B9.5Se.
MORPHOLOGIES OF RADIO-, X-RAY-, AND MID-INFRARED-SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We investigate the optical morphologies of candidate active galaxies identified at radio, X-ray, and mid-infrared wavelengths. We use the Advanced Camera for Surveys General Catalog (ACS-GC) to identify 372, 1360, and 1238 active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies from Very Large Array, XMM-Newton, and Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the COSMOS field, respectively. We investigate both quantitative (GALFIT) and qualitative (visual) morphologies of these AGN host galaxies, split by brightness in their selection band. We find that the samples are largely distinct, though extensive overlap exists between certain samples, most particularly for the X-ray- and mid-IR-selected sources with unresolved optical morphologies. We find that the radio-selected AGNs are most distinct, with a very low incidence of having unresolved optical morphologies and a high incidence of being hosted by early-type galaxies. In comparison to X-ray-selected AGNs, mid-IR-selected AGNs have a slightly higher incidence of being hosted by disk galaxies. These morphological results conform to the results of Hickox et al. who studied the colors and large-scale clustering of AGNs and found a general association of radio-selected AGNs with “red sequence” galaxies, mid-IR-selected AGNs with “blue cloud” galaxies, and X-ray-selected AGNs straddling these samples in the “green valley. ” We also find that optical brightness scales with X-ray and mid-IR brightnesses, while little correlation is evident between optical and radio brightnesses. This suggests that X-ray- and mid-IR-selected AGNs have similar Eddington ratios, while radio-selected AGNs represent a different accretion mechanism with a lower and wider range of Eddington ratios. In the general scenario where AGN activity marks and regulates the transition from late-type disk galaxies into massive elliptical galaxies, this work suggests that the earlier stages are most evident as mid-IR-selected AGNs. Mid-IR emission is less susceptible to absorption than the relatively soft X-rays probed by XMM-Newton, which are seen at later stages in the transition. Radio-selected AGNs are then typically associated with minor bursts of activity in the most massive galaxies.
Edible Plants-Induced Recovery from Hepatic Disorders through Matrix- Metalloproteinase-9 Evaluation

Liver fibrosis is a pathologic phenomenon characterized by destruction of the liver parenchyma and imbalance between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis forming scars or fibrous tissues. Without effective treatment at an early stage, reversible hepatic fibrosis progresses to irreversible cirrhosis. The objective of the present study was aimed to early detection of liver fibrosis using matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a diagnostic marker and to evaluate the curative and prophylactic roles of the two natural edible plants Blackberry and Rosemary (Rubus ursinus and Rosmarinus Officinalis) in mitigating the oxidative stress and inflammatory risk factors which have the principle role in liver fibrosis. This study demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may be an excellent diagnostic marker for early detection of liver disorders induced by CCL4. Additionally, supplementation of either rosemary or blackberry extracts to CCL4 treated rats, has been found to possess a beneficial protective effects against liver fibrosis through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic activities. Also, the histopathological pictures of liver sections of rats intoxicated with CCL4 and treated with either rosemary or blackberry appeared more or less like normal with an improvement in the liver architecture compared to CCL4 treated group.
Toxicity of 12 metal-based nanoparticles to algae, bacteria and protozoa

The use of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing which leads to their release in water bodies via various waste streams, and thus warrants risk assessment. Consistent biological-effect data of NPs for environmentally relevant test species, which are accompanied by thorough characterization of NPs, are scarce but indispensable for understanding the possible risks of NPs. We composed and tested a library of 12 metal-based nanoparticles (Al2O3, Co3O4, CuO, Fe3O4, MgO, Mn3O4, Sb2O3, SiO2, ZnO, TiO2, WO3 and Pd) using the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, three bacterial species (Vibrio fischeri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and the protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila. The NPs were characterized for their physico-chemical properties, solubility and abiotic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, respective soluble salts were analysed for toxic effects. The algal growth inhibition assay has proven to be the most sensitive and yielded EC50 values for 10 NPs ranging from 0.1 to 58 mg l−1. Algal toxicity correlated with abiotic ROS production of NPs, and the majority of the NPs formed agglomerates that entrapped algal cells. Despite the different sensitivities, there was a common trend in the toxicity of the NPs across different species and test formats: CuO and ZnO had the highest toxicity (EC50 values below 1 mg l−1) among all organism groups except for the protozoa. The high toxicity was mostly due to the shedding of toxic concentrations of Zn and Cu ions; for most of the test species, Al2O3, SiO2, WO3 and Sb2O3 were not toxic below 100 mg l−1 and MgO showed no adverse effects below 100 mg l−1 to any test species in any test setting.
Role of seismogenic depth and background stress on physical 1 limits of earthquake rupture across fault step-overs

11 Earthquakes can rupture geometrically complex fault systems by breaching fault step-overs. 12 Quantifying the likelihood of rupture jump across step-overs is important to evaluate earth13 quake hazard and to understand the interactions between dynamic rupture and fault growth 14 processes. Here we investigate the role of seismogenic depth and background stress on phys15 ical limits of earthquake rupture across fault step-overs. Our computational and theoretical 16 study is focused on the canonical case of two parallel strike-slip faults with large aspect ra17 tio, uniform pre-stress and uniform friction properties. We conduct a systematic set of 3D 18 dynamic rupture simulations in which we vary the seismogenic depth, step-over distance and 19 initial stresses. We find that the maximum step-over distance Hc that a rupture can jump de20 pends on seismogenic depth W and strength excess to stress drop ratio S as Hc ∝ W/S, 21 where n = 2 when Hc/W < 0.2 (or S > 1.5) and n = 1 otherwise. The critical nucleation 22 size, largely controlled by frictional properties, has a second-order effect on Hc . Rupture on 23 the secondary fault is mainly triggered by the stopping phase emanated from the rupture end 24 on the primary fault. Asymptotic analysis of the peak amplitude of stopping phases sheds 25 light on the mechanical origin of the relations between Hc , W and S, and leads to the scaling 26 regime with n = 1 in far field and n = 2 in near field. The results suggest that strike-slip 27 earthquakes on faults with large seismogenic depth or operating at high shear stresses can 28 jump wider step-overs than observed so far in continental inter-plate earthquakes. 29
( SF 298 ) ( Continuation Sheet )

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