Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of delay on risk tolerance and probability weights

People often face choices where outcomes are both delayed and uncertain. Numerous studies of delayed gains and losses show the hyperbolalike discounting process of delayed payoffs. We assumed that when evaluating a delayed lottery people act according to the prospect theory model, where payoffs are discounted according to a hyperbolic function. The problem that we addressed is whether the α parameter of the value function v( ) and the γ parameter of the probability weighting function w( ) differ for evaluations of delayed and instant lotteries. We found that when people compare delayed certain payoffs with delayed risky payoffs they are more risk prone than in situations where both certain payoffs and risky payoffs are instant. However, when people compare present certain payoffs with delayed risky payoffs they are less risk prone than in situations where both certain payoffs and risky payoffs are instant. Additionally, the probability weighting curves were more linear for delayed lotteries than for instant lotteries (people were more sensitive to changes of probability).
Predicting photosynthetic rate of sunflowers using back propagation neural network based on uniform design

The new model to predict photosynthetic rate (Pn) using back propagation neural network (BPNN) based on uniform design (UD) was studied. Four parameters of BPNN were designed at six levels individually by UD experiment to optimize the architecture of the BPNN model. The optimal parameters were used to construct an intelligent, feasible BPNN model which could more accurately predict the photosynthetic rate of sunflowers response to environmental factors. The constructed BPNN model had three layers namely input layer, hidden layer with nine neurons and an output layer. Four environment factors including photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), temperature (T), carbon dioxide level (CO(2)) and relative humidity (RH) were input layers, and photosynthetic rate (Pn) as an output layer. Results showed that the predicted values and actual values of Pn fitted very well, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3%, mean square error (MSE) of 0.75 mu mol CO(2) m(-2)s(-1) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.72 mu molCO(2) m(-2)s(-1). There was no significant difference using significant test between the actual values obtained from portable photosynthetic system and predicted value calculated by models. The conclusion was that the model established by BPNN based on UD was more accurate than stepwise regression to predict Pn of sunflowers giving the environmental factors (PAR, T, CO(2) and RH).
Effect of Ethyl Oleate Pretreatment on Drying of Ginger: Characteristics and Mathematical Modelling

Ginger is of high value and export oriented commodity crop, which plays an important role in agricultural sector. Proper drying techniques are required to capitalize this crop. In the present study, the effect of chemical pretreatment of alkaline ethyl oleate on drying behaviour of ginger was investigated and compared with untreated ginger at selected temperatures of 45, 55, and 65°C at a constant air velocity of 1.8 m/s. The drying rate curves showed that drying occurred in falling rate period and the drying times of pretreated ginger were shorter than those of untreated ginger. Thin-layer drying models such as Newton, Page, Modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, and Wang and Singh were evaluated based on statistical criteria. The Page model was found to be a better model for describing the drying kinetics of the ginger. The rehydration capacity of pretreated sample was more than that of untreated sample and increased with drying temperature. The transport of water during drying was temperature dependent and described by Fick’s equation. The effective diffusivity varied from to m2/s and to m2/s with drying temperature for untreated and pretreated ginger slices, respectively.
Evaluating the Conservation Mission of Zoos, Aquariums, Botanical Gardens, and Natural History Museums

Abstract: Collection‐based institutions—zoos, aquariums, museums, and botanical gardens—exhibit wildlife and thus have a special connection with nature. Many of these institutions emphasize a mission of conservation, and, undeniably, they do contribute directly to conservation education and conservation science. They present an exceptional opportunity for many urban residents to see the wonders of life, and they can contribute to education and habitat preservation. Because many collection‐based institutions now hold a stated mission of conservation, we suggest eight potential questions to evaluate actions toward that mission: (1) Does conservation thought define policy decisions? (2) Is there sufficient organizational funding for conservation activities? (3) Is there a functional conservation department? (4) Does the institution advocate for conservation? (5) Do conservation education programs effectively target children and adults? (6) Does the institution contribute directly to habitat protection locally and internationally? (7) Do exhibits explain and promote conservation efforts? and (8) Do internal policies and activities protect the environment? These questions are offered as a place to begin discussion. We hope they will help employees and administrators of a collection‐based institution (and citizens of the surrounding community) think about and support their institution's conservation activities. Public support and praise for institutions that are striving toward solutions for conservation problems and pressure on organizations that are moving more slowly toward a conservation orientation can help shift more resources toward saving nature.
The relationship between ammonia excretion and GDH activity in marine zooplankton

The relationship between the ammonia excretion rate and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was studied in marine zooplankton over the course of a bloom and in different size classes (100-200,200-500 and 500-1000 (jm). A weak correlation between GDH activity and ammonia excretion rate was observed when all data were pooled. Better relationships between the parameters were obtained by taking into account the substrate being metabolized, as deduced from the experimentally determined O/NH4 ratio. There was also a positive correlation between the GDH/NH4 and O/NH4 ratios, suggesting that the former ratio was lower when the metabolic substrate being metabolized contained a high level of nitrogen. High GDH/NH4 and high standard deviations were found when the in situ temperatures were low, while the ratio and standard deviations decreased at higher temperatures. Temperature probably had an indirect effect as a consequence of a better availability of nitrogen in the food when mixing took place in the water column. Differences in the GDH/ammonia ratio were also observed for different size fractions, largely because small animals had higher ammonia excretion rates. The composition of the metabolic substrate affected the observed GDH/NH4 ratios because it led to variations in cellular glutamate concentrations, while enzyme activities were measured at maximal rates (Vmax)-1' is suggested that this methodological limitation is probably the most important factor in determining the relationship between enzymatic activities and metabolic rates.
“Black Box” between Authentic Leadership and Follower Commitment

The aims of present study was to test the theoritical linking model of authentic leadership with personal identification, social identification, trust to leader, and organizational commitment in higher education institution. The quantitative methodology used in this study incorporates cross-sectional survey method. Analysis was conducted on the sample of 150 academic and administrative staff from one of private business school in Yogyakarta special region. The direct effect between variables analyzed using path analysis and mediating mechanism using procedure from Baron and Kenny (1986) and Sobel test. Results reveal positive and significant direct effect of authentic leadership to personal identification, social identification, trust to leader and organizational commitment. Folower’s personal identification mediate the effect of authentic leadership to follower’s trust and commitment. Follower’s trust to leader mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and follower’s commitment. Meanwhile, social identification does not mediate the effect of authentic leadership to follower’s commitment and trust to leader. Implication for management theory and practice are discussed.
Stable Isotope geochemistry of some Indian Carbonatites : Implications for magmatic processes and post-emplacement hydrothermal alteration

We present a compilation of stable oxygen and carbon isotope data on samples collected systematically from several Indian carbonatitealkalic complexes and discuss the implications of their variation using some models that have been proposed for the evolution of stable isotope ratios in primary and secondary carbonatites. The evolution of carbonatite from the early to the later phase is reflected in the two isotope plots in Amba Dongar and Newania carbonatites. Primary carbonatites of Amba Dongar are interpreted to have evolved from a carbonatite parent magma of δO ~ 8.5‰ and δC ~ –5.5‰. The initial molar ratio of H2O to CO2 that best explains the trend is ~0.9, with a crystallization temperature of ~800 oC. The later generation carbonatites (mainly ankeritic) in Amba Dongar appear to be altered mainly by a hydrothermal fluid with H2O/CO2 ratio between 0.001 and 0.1 at temperatures between 100 and 200 oC. This model also applies to the late phase carbonatite dikes from Amba Dongar. Compared to Amba Dongar, stable isotope results from Newania show depletion in the H2O to CO2 ratio of the parent magma (between 0.3 and 0.4, i.e., the magma had much more carbon dioxide, relatively) and also relatively cooler temperatures of crystallization (~600 oC). The later generation carbonatites appear to have been altered mainly by meteoric water interaction.
Beyond multifractional Brownian motion: new stochastic models for geophysical modelling

Abstract. Multifractional Brownian motion (mBm) has proved to be a useful tool in various areas of geophysical modelling. Although a versatile model, mBm is of course not always an adequate one. We present in this work several other stochastic processes which could potentially be useful in geophysics. The first alternative type is that of self-regulating processes: these are models where the local regularity is a function of the amplitude, in contrast to mBm where it is tuned exogenously. We demonstrate the relevance of such models for digital elevation maps and for temperature records. We also briefly describe two other types of alternative processes, which are the counterparts of mBm and of self-regulating processes when the intensity of local jumps is considered in lieu of local regularity: multistable processes allow one to prescribe the local intensity of jumps in space/time, while this intensity is governed by the amplitude for self-stabilizing processes.
Power quality observations at a light industrial site

This paper deals with observations of events that occur in commerical power systems and could effect the power quality at a winery. Power system incidents recorded at the site are presented. The impact of the equipment, which includes large induction motors, power factor correction capacitors and half-wave rectifier induction motor heaters on the supply system is described. The disturbance to equipment operation caused by system events such as sags are also detailed. In order to gauge the effect of the power events at the site, the opinions of the customer and the supply company on power quality were sought. These opinions are reported and in general, the events recorded and described caused little detriment to customer power quality.
Meeting or Beating Analysts’ Forecasts: Empirical Evidence of Firm’s Characteristics, and Persistence Patterns

Focusing on the MBE (meeting or beating analysts’ forecast) phenomenon, this study primarily investigates the way market responds to a firm’s repeated MBE and to its first failure to meet analysts’ forecast after a long string of MBE. The paper also asks whether the market’s reaction to the MBE patterns has changed after the regulatory reform including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and investigates the properties of habitual MBE firms. The results show the market rewards persistent MBE firms and that it seems to efficiently interpret a systematic portion of earnings surprise for habitual beaters. They also document that the post-SOX stock market premium to MBE has not completely diminished and that MBE patterns are strongly associated with firm characteristics.
Bioaugmented Hydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Substrates Using Co-Cultures of Shigella flexneri str. G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9

Bioaugmented fermentation of cellulosic substrates to produce biohydrogen via co-culture of isolated strains was investigated. Two mesophilic anaerobic bacterial strains, known for their ability to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates, were taken in consideration: Shigella flexneri str. G3, which shows high cellulolytic activity but cannot ferment oligosaccharides to bioenergy, and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9, able to convert microcrystalline cellulose into hydrogen. The ability of the selected strains to effectively convert different cellulosic substrates to hydrogen was tested on carboxymethyl cellulose (AVICEL), as well as pretreated lignocellulosic material such as Bermuda grass, corn stover, rice straw, and corn cob. Results showed that co-culture of Shigella flexneri str G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9 efficiently improved cellulose hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogen production from carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydrogen production yield was enhanced from 0.65 mol H 2 (molÂ glucose) âˆ’1 of the X9 single culture to approximately 1.5 mol H 2 (molÂ glucose) âˆ’1 of the co-culture, while the cellulose degradation efficiency increased from 50% to 95%. Co-culture also efficiently improved hydrogen production from natural lignocellulosic materials (which was up to 4-5 times higher than mono-culture with X9), with the highest performance of 24.8 mmol L -1 obtained on Bermuda grass. The results demonstrate that co-culture of S. flexneri G3 and C. acetobutylicum X9 was capable of efficiently enhance cellulose conversion to hydrogen, thus fostering potential biofuel applications under mesophilic conditions.
Analysis of Antenna and RF Front-End Topologies for Multi-Beam Systems

Traditionally, antenna design involves optimizing the design parameters such as gain, minimum sidelobe level, scan range, half power beamwidth, for a particular application. Since 5G systems are pushing the boundaries for cellular communications by introducing unique challenges such as multiple beam antennas, beamforming etc. in the field of antenna design. Although separate studies do exist on these challenges, the concept antenna synthesis using different disciplines is relatively new. This work presents a 5G simulation model using a recently proposed hybrid beamforming technique employing cosecant power flux equalization in elevation plane with digital beamforming in azimuth plane. Various beamforming algorithms in azimuth domain are investigated for concurrent users sharing same frequency spectrum and their impact on system performance such as signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is statistically analyzed. Moreover, the impact of antenna sidelobe levels on system SINR performance is investigated in detail. The simulation results shows that the cosecant subarray hybrid beamforming performs better than traditional hybrid beamforming in terms of SINR for cell edge users. In addition to that, this work provides a unique perspective to system engineers for intuitively analyzing the impact of antenna system on communication link and to derive design requirements that would be crucial in the antenna system synthesis
Role of Government in the Promotion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Case of Bangladesh Banking Sector

CSR initiatives are increasing in the context of Bangladesh like many other developing countries. Here, both the government and the private sector are contributing in CSR. Especially government is playing significant role in the promotion of CSR. The main purpose of this study is to identify how government policies, guidelines and regulations influence CSR initiatives in Bangladesh banking sector. Qualitative content analysis has been used to analyse Bangladesh central bank‟s annual CSR reports, commercial banks‟ annual reports, websites and relevant publications. CSR data and information of all 48 commercial banks, including the private, government and foreign banks were considered to analyse CSR expenditures during the period 2007-2010. Some western countries provide examples of governments acting as drivers of CSR to ensure social wellbeing. Previous studies of banking CSR in Bangladesh have primarily explored the nature of CSR disclosures, corporate governance, corporate sustainability reporting and corporate social reporting. However, studies of the roles of government or regulatory authorities in the promotion of CSR are very limited, especially in the context of Bangladesh. The study identified that the notion of increased CSR activities in Bangladesh banking sector is consistent with government influence in this area through regulatory mechanism. This study presents a new model in the context of a developing country, where government influences in the promotion of CSR. It appears that Bangladesh government promoted CSR through regulatory mechanism. With this experience in the banking sector, government can take such initiatives for other business sectors as well. CSR expenditure increased ten folds in four years after the government intervention. This increased CSR expenditure helped reduced unemployment, alleviate poverty, supported education and healthcare and ultimately improved the quality of life of the citizens of Bangladesh. This study precisely identified that government influence can increase CSR initiatives as well as benefit the society in an incremental way. It is an original contribution as such studies are limited in the context of Bangladesh. Aus. Aca. Acc & Fin. Rev Vol 1(1), July 2015, P 44-68
Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in selected area of Bangladash

A seroprevalence study of small ruminant brucellosis was conducted in sheep and goat rearing selected areas of Mymensingh district and Dhaka district, Bangladesh, from March, 2005 to May, 2006. Sera from 62 sheep and 300 goats were tested by rose bengal plate test(RBPT), plate agglutination test(PAT), tube agglutination test(TAT) and mercaptoethanol test(MET). Out of the 62 sera tested 3.25%(n=2) were positive to RBT, PAT and TAT and 4.84%(n=3) were positive MET. In case of 300 goats, 1.67%(n=5) were positive to RBT and PAT, 2%(n=6) were positive to TAT and 2.33%(n=7) were positive to MET. This investigation is the first of its type to be performed in small ruminants in Bangladesh. Higher prevalence rate(8.0%) was found in BAU nutrition farm in case of sheep and 10% in Bangladesh Agri-cultural University(BAU) Veterinary Clinic in case of goat while lower prevalence (0.0%) was recorded in Pharmacology project and BAU adjacent villages in case of sheep and(0.0%) in Dhamrai upazila in case of goats respectively. Brucella antibodies were more prevalent in sheep (8.84%) than in goat (2.33%).
A NEW PARTICLE-LIKE METHOD FOR HIGH-SPEED FLOWS WITH CHEMICAL NON-EQUILIBRIUM. doi: 10.5028/jatm.2010.02011732

The present work is concerned with the numerical simulation of hypersonic blunt body flows with chemical non-equilibrium. New theoretical and numerical formulations for coupling the chemical reaction to the fluid dynamics are presented and validated. The fluid dynamics is defined for a stationary unstructured mesh and the chemical reaction process is defined for “finite quantities” moving through the stationary mesh. The fluid dynamics is modeled by the Euler equations and the chemical reaction rates by the Arrhenius law. Ideal gases are considered. The thermodynamical data are based on JANNAF tables and Burcat’s database. The algorithm proposed by Liou, known as AUSM+, is implemented in a cell-centered based finite volume method and in an unstructured mesh context. Multidimensional limited MUSCL interpolation method is used to perform property reconstructions and to achieve second-order accuracy in space. The minmod limiter is used. The second order accuracy, five stage, Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme is employed to perform the time march for the fluid dynamics. The numerical code VODE, which is part of the CHEMKIN-II package, is adopted to perform the time integration for the chemical reaction equations. The freestream reacting fluid is composed of H2 and air at the stoichiometric ratio. The emphasis of the present paper is on the description of the new methodology for handling the coupling of chemical and fluid mechanic processes, and its validation by comparison with the standard time-splitting procedure. The configurations considered are the hypersonic flow over a wedge, in which the oblique detonation wave is induced by an oblique shock wave, and the hypersonic flow over a blunt body. Differences between the solutions obtained with each formulation are presented and discussed, including the effects of grid refinement in each case. The primary objective of such comparisons is the validation of the proposed methodology. Moreover, for the hypersonic flow over a blunt body, solutions obtained for two meshes are shown, compared and analyzed. The numerical solutions are also compared with experimental data.
Breeding and larviculture of the sapphire devil damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea

The sapphire devil damselfish, Chrysiptera cyanea is one among the top ten species of marine ornamental fishes in the international trade. For the first time, broodstock development, breeding and larviculture techniques of C. cyanea were developed and standardised and the details are presented. Broodstock (length of fish:5 to 6.5 cm) was developed in two tonne capacity FRP tanks with biological filter and by feeding with natural feeds ad libitum. The number of eggs per spawning ranged from 2000 - 2500. The interval between successive spawnings ranged from 5 to 20 days. The eggs were oval - shaped and measured around 1.3mm in length and 0.6mm in width. Parental care by the male was noticed. Hatching occurred on the night of the third day of incubation. The larvae were altritial type but with mouth opening at the time of hatching. The length of newly hatched larvae averaged to 2.5mm and the mouth gape around 150µ. Larviculture was done in five tonne capacity FRP tanks by employing greenwater produced by the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. Different larviculture systems were experimented by varying the cell counts of greenwater and live feeds. The cell counts of greenwater employed for the experiments were in three ranges - 1 x 10 4 to 9 x 10 4 ml -1 , 1 x 10 5
AN OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF BER FOR THREE DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

The problem of fading is large deterioration of characteristics of the wireless communication channel. This paper discusses different techniques for mitigating fading problems in the wireless channel. Trivial solution to the problem is to add fading margin on the transmitter. However, this is not an effective solution. One solution is to use an alternative statistical behavior of fading channels. So we come to the basic concepts of diversity, which use two or more inputs on the receiver to ensure the correlation of signal. Diversity technique is used to improve system performance in fading channels. Instead of transmitting and receiving the desired signal through one channel, we have L copies of the desired signal transferred over M different channels. This paper presents examples of the probability of error for diversity techniques using Rayleigh Fading Channel which is used for BPSK modulation.