Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in swine veterinarians : an 18-month longitudinal study

Research over 10 years has established the high risk of occupational exposure to MRSA in people working with pigs. However the nature of nasal colonization with livestock associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and its health implications remain poorly understood. Multiple studies confirmed that detection rates in pigs, farm workers and veterinarians were higher than in people without animal exposure, but elevated risk of infection in these groups has not been clearly shown. We conducted a longitudinal study for 18 months to describe patterns of S.aureus (SA) colonization and infection in swine veterinarians. Overall, the monthly prevalence of SA and MRSA from nasal swabs of veterinarians was 58 to 82%, and 6 to15%, respectively. Predominant spa types were t034 (ST398, 50%), t002 (ST5, 25%) and t337 (ST9, 18%), a distribution similar to that found in a concurrent study in pigs in the USA. Despite this high level of exposure, and frequent occurrence of minor injuries in the cohort, no confirmed cases of infection were reported. Based on detection patterns, veterinarians were classified into three groups: Persistent carrier (PC, 38%), Intermittent carrier (IC, 61%) and Non-carrier (NC, 1%). Based on one-time quantitative testing of nasal swabs without enrichment, PC veterinarians carried significantly higher numbers of SA than IC. Among IC veterinarians, culture positivity was significantly associated with recent contact with pigs. Elevated prevalence of SA and MRSA in US veterinarians appears to be a consequence of exposure to pigs, however MRSA prevalence was much lower than seen in a similar study in Holland. Exposure did not lead to prolonged colonization in most subjects, and the higher numbers of SA in PC subjects suggests that unknown host factors may determine the likelihood of prolonged colonization by SA of livestock origin. Although the period of follow up was limited, the absence of clinical infections despite regular exposure suggests that major health risks due to livestock associated SA are unlikely.
Geographic and Host-Associated Size Variation in the Parasitoid Wasp Torymus umbilicatus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in Florida: Implications for Host Survival and Community Structure

ABSTRACT Acquisition of enemy-free-space has been suggested to reduce selective pressure against host range expansion in phytophagous insects. The gall midge, Asphondylia borrichiae Rossi and Strong (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which attacks the stem tips of its 3 host plants produces a spherical tumor-like growth (= gall). Juvenile stages (larvae and pupae) of A. borrichiae develop inside the gall; the midge spends approximately 95–98% of its life cycle embedded within the gall. During these juvenile stages, A. borrichiae are parasitized by 4 species of hymenopterans. Previous studies have found that one of the most common and the largest parasitoid, Torymus umbilicatus (Gahan), tends to dominate large galls owing to its significantly longer ovipositor, which enables it to penetrate the biggest galls and reach larvae and pupae that become unavailable to the other 3 parasitoids, which have much shorter ovipositors. Moreover, previous studies suggest that the gall midge is diverging both morphologically and genetically in sympatry. The current study is the first to provide morphological evidence that T. umbilicatus, which is a dominant member of the parasitoid guild that attacks A. borrichiae, may also be diverging in sympatry along with its host. Female T. umbilicatus from sea oxeye daisy (Borrichia frutescens [L.] DC) were significantly larger than those from alternative host plants of the gall midge, dune elder (Iva imbricata Walter) and marsh elder (I. frutescens L). Additionally, size of female T. umbilicatus collected from 2 geographically distant sites were significantly different and these differences were consistent with a latitudinal gradient in size between plant species. Although T. umbilicatus were larger from galls collected from B. frutescens compared to I. frutescens at both sites, gall diameter demonstrated a significant decline along a south-north latitudinal gradient. However, a significant interaction between plant species and site suggests that differences in T. umbilicatus size (and most likely their gall midge host) is caused either by phenotypic plasticity of the species at the 2 sites, or these insects (T umbilicatus and gall midges) tend to be smaller with increasing latitude. Moreover, galls on I, frutescens, owing to their smaller size and increased crowding, decline in size at a greater rate than those from B. frutescens which produces significantly larger and less crowded galls.
Fatigue behavior of 3%Y 2 O 3 -doped ZrO 2 ceramics

a b s t r a c t The objective of this work was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue strength of a commercial pre-sintered tetragonal zirconia ceramics for dental systems, and to determine the main mechanical properties. Samples were sintered in air at 1600 ◦ C for 120 min with heating and cooling rate of 10 ◦C/min. The sintered specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Hardness and fracture toughness were determined using the Vicker’s indentation method. The strength was determined by four-point bending tests. The cyclic fatigue tests were realized as four-point bending tests within a frequency of 25 Hz and a stress ratio R of 0.1. The Weibull analysis was employed in order to perform failure probability calculations. Sintered specimens presented average values of hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength near to 13.5 GPa, 8 MPa m 1/2 and 900 MPa, respectively. The fatigue tests results allow concluding that the fatigue strength limit over 5 × 10 6
Is There a Relationship Between Income Inequality and Credit Cycles

Recent studies by Atkinson (2011); Rajan (2010); Kumhof and Ranciere (2010); Bordo and Meissner (2013) have assessed the relationship between income inequality and financial stability. Bordo and Meissner found that changes in income inequality do not have an effect on the growth of credit. We extend their study by assessing the relationship between levels of income inequality and leverage. We find that the relationship between inequality and credit is long-run, i.e. trending, in nature and that removing this relation with first differencing will lead to biased inference. In conclusion we find that income inequality is associated with increased leverage in the economy.
diagnostic criteria Antidepressant discontinuation manic states : a critical review of the literature and suggested

We critically appraised all published reports of hypomania and mania following antidepressant termination. To increase reliability and validity we devised diagnostic criteria for an antidepressant discontinuation or withdrawal ‘manic state’ based primarily on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition substance withdrawal criteria. A systematic literature review identified 24 reports meeting our criteria. Mean age was 39 years (range 18–74), men and women were approximately equally represented, and more cases involved people with unipolar (n1⁄4 19) than bipolar disorder (n1⁄4 4). The median duration of preceding antidepressant treatment was 12 weeks (range 4 weeks–12 years). All major antidepressant classes were involved (tricyclic antidepressants1⁄4 13; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors1⁄4 5; monoamine oxidase inhibitors1⁄4 3; selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors1⁄4 2; miscellaneous1⁄4 1). More cases followed abrupt antidepressant withdrawal (n1⁄4 11) than a tapered withdrawal (n1⁄4 6). Six cases appeared to meet the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition for a manic episode, with two cases requiring inpatient admission. Of the 24 cases, nine resolved spontaneously without treatment (median duration1⁄4 25.5 days), six responded to antimanic drugs, four resolved following antidepressant reinstatement, and treatment was unclear in five cases. We conclude that antidepressant discontinuation hypomania/mania is a valid syndrome. It should be added to the differential diagnosis of hypomania/mania. The clinical implications and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Paradigm Shift for Sustainable Development: The Contribution of Islamic Economics

Sustainable development is a common concept of the 21st century. However, the expected changes towards sustainable development are slow. We believe every change starts with changes in understanding of the subject matter. If sustainable development is the aim, it should start with changes in understanding. This paper aims to explain the necessary paradigm shift for sustainable development by the contribution of Islamic economics. While doing this, the reasons of paradigm shift, the content of such a paradigm shift, and the possible contributions of Islamic economics will be analyzed.
Seasonal and altitudinal variations in snow algal communities on an Alaskan glacier (Gulkana glacier in the Alaska range)

Snow and ice algae are cold tolerant algae growing on the surface of snow and ice, and they play an important role in the carbon cycles for glaciers and snowfields in the world. Seasonal and altitudinal variations in seven major taxa of algae (green algae and cyanobacteria) were investigated on the Gulkana glacier in Alaska at six different elevations from May to September in 2001. The snow algal communities and their biomasses changed over time and elevation. Snow algae were rarely observed on the glacier in May although air temperature had been above 0 ° C since the middle of the month and surface snow had melted. In June, algae appeared in the lower areas of the glacier, where the ablation ice surface was exposed. In August, the distribution of algae was extended to the upper parts of the glacier as the snow line was elevated. In September, the glacier surface was finally covered with new winter snow, which terminated algal growth in the season. Mean algal biomass of the study sites continuously increased and reached 6.3 × 10 μl m−2 in cell volume or 13 mg carbon m−2 in September. The algal community was dominated by Chlamydomonas nivalis on the snow surface, and by Ancylonema nordenskiöldii and Mesotaenium berggrenii on the ice surface throughout the melting season. Other algae were less abundant and appeared in only a limited area of the glacier. Results in this study suggest that algae on both snow and ice surfaces significantly contribute to the net production of organic carbon on the glacier and substantially affect surface albedo of the snow and ice during the melting season.
Satellite observations of aerosols 
and clouds over southern China from 2006 to 2015: analysis of changes and possible interaction mechanisms

Abstract. Aerosol and cloud properties over southern China during the 10-year period 2006–2015 are analysed based on observations from passive and active satellite sensors and emission data. The results show a decrease in aerosol optical depth over the study area by about 20 % on average, accompanied by an increase in liquid cloud cover and cloud liquid water path (LWP) by 5 % and 13 %, respectively. Analysis of aerosol types and emissions suggests that the main driver for their reduction is a decrease in biomass burning aerosols. These changes occurred mainly in late autumn and early winter months and coincided with changes in cloud properties. For the latter, possible explanatory mechanisms were examined, including changes in circulation patterns and aerosol-cloud interactions. Further analysis of changes in aerosol vertical profiles demonstrates a consistency of the observed aerosol and cloud changes with the aerosol semi-direct effect, which depends on their relative heights. Based on this mechanism, fewer absorbing aerosols in the cloud layer would lead to an overall decrease in evaporation of cloud droplets, thus increasing cloud LWP and cover.
High Performance HR Practices And Customer Satisfaction: Employee Process Mechanisms

This research examined organizational commitment and customer focus as mediators between HR practices and customer satisfaction of seventy-one work units from twenty-five business units from a single firm in the food service industry. Customer satisfaction was assessed by ratings from multiple customers eighteen months after HR practices and process mechanisms were assessed from unique groups of employee respondents. Results suggest that employee commitment and customer focus partially mediate the relationship between HR practices and customer satisfaction.
The Effect of Alkaline Material Particle Size on Adjustment Ability of Buffer Capacity

The pH control in biotechnological processes like anaerobic digestion is one of the key factors to ensure high efficiency in the biogas production process. The decrease of pH level in the digestion process occurs due to the rapid acid formation during metabolic processes of bacteria which leads to the inhibition of the methane producing bacteria; therefore further digestion process is limited. The efficiency of anaerobic digestion reactor decreases dramatically if the pH level falls under pH 6.6. This problem is common for single-stage continuous digesters with a high organic solid content; therefore the active pH controlling method is commonly used. By creating inorganic alkaline material, the passive pH controlling system could be created. Soluble alkalis are enclosed in the matrix of material during the activation process thus providing slow leaching of free alkalis from the material structure in water medium and ensuring pH increase. In this research a porous alkaline composite material was developed as a pH controlling agent for the biogas production. Two mixture compositions with a different Si/Al and Si/Na ratio were created. The effect of particle size of the material was investigated in order to provide different leaching rates for the described material. Granular material with particle fractions 1/2 mm, 2/4 mm and 4/8 mm and a cubical specimen with dimensions 20×20×20 mm were tested. The pH level of water medium increased up to pH 11.6 during the first day and final pH value decreased to 7.8 after 20-day leaching. Alkali leaching can be increased by 19-32% changing the mixture composition by adding glass powder to the alkaline material. The particle size factor was negligible for leaching rate of alkaline material due to the high porosity of material. Research results show that this composite material has a potential to be applied in pH control for biotechnological purposes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ms.21.3. 7325
Effect of trust, convinience, security and quality of service on online purchase decision (consumer case study in tangerang selatan area)

This study aims to determine the influence of trust, convenience, security, and quality of service to online purchasing decisions on consumers in the area of South Tangerang. The population is all consumers who buy products online in South Tangerang region. The type of data used is the primary data using the questionnaire method. The sampling technique is using non probability sampling with sample of 200 respondents. The analysis technique used is multiple regression. The results showed that: (1) Trust has a positive and significant effect on online purchasing decisions. (2) Convinience has a positive and significant impact on online purchasing decisions. (3) Security has a negative and insignificant effect on online purchasing decisions. (4) Service Quality has a positive and significant impact on online purchasing decisions.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties in ED-Machinable Zirconia-Tungsten Carbide Composites with Yttria-Neodymia Co-Stabilized Zirconia Matrix

The electrical discharge machining-process (EDM) is a smart solution to optimize the manufacturing chain of customized and complex shaped ceramic components. To comply with the high requirements for the machine and mold design, it is necessary to improve the mechanical properties of ED-machinable ceramics. In this study, ceramic composites with a tetragonal zirconia matrix and tungsten carbide as electrically conductive dispersion were investigated. To improve the toughness of this high strength material, co-stabilized zirconia coated with yttria and neodymia as dopants were used in the compositions with 1.5/1.5 and 1.75/1.25 mol %. These recipes were compared to commercial 3Y-TZP as a reference matrix material combined with the same WC raw powder. The electrically conductive phase content was varied from 20 to 28 vol %. For all compositions, the ceramic blanks were hot pressed at identical dwell and pressure, but with various sintering temperatures (1300 °C to 1450 °C) and then tested with respect to the mechanical and electrical properties. By variation of the stabilizer system, a significantly higher toughness of up to 11.3 MPa√m compared to 5.3 MPa√m for 3Y-TZP-20WC is achieved while the bending strength stays at a comparable high level of >1500 MPa.
The bats of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil

Rio Grande do Norte is one of the smallest states in Brazil but has a rich diversity of ecosystems, including Caatinga vegetation, remnants of Atlantic Forest, coastal habitats, mangroves and large karstic areas with caves. However, its chiropteran fauna is little known, and the state contains conspicuous gaps of information on the occurrence and distribution of bats in Brazil. In order to reduce this information gap, based on a review of scientific literature and regional mammal collections, we list 42 species of bats, including new occurrences for 13 species and discussion on their conservation status. Results show that more than half (54%) of the recorded species are phyllostomid bats, and about one third of the bats in the state roosts in underground cavities. The Caatinga harbored the highest bat richness in the state, including the occurrence of four vulnerable species (Furipterus horrens, Lonchorhina aurita, Natalus macrourus and Xeronycteris vieirai). The Atlantic Forest needs to be more sampled, including mangroves, coastal habitats and areas of Caatinga in the central region of the state (Borborema highlands), which are virtually unsurveyed. Although the recent increase of studies on bats in the state, future studies should complement conventional mistnetting with active roost search and bioacoustical records in order to obtain better data for unraveling the bat fauna of Rio Grande do Norte.
Shame, Self-Criticism, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation and Depression in Eating Disorders

The complexity of eating disorder (ED) manifestations has increased the interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying the eating psychopathology and it is now widely accepted that there are multiple risk pathways for both the development and maintenance of eating psychopathology. This study examined the association between external shame and depression. We also investigated the possible mediation effect of self-criticism in the relation between shame and depression. Further to that, the current cross-sectional study inspected whether this mediation exists for different conditional values of perfectionistic self-presentation. 121 women diagnosed with eating disorder according to the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE 16.0D) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires to assess external shame, self-criticism, perfectionistic self-presentation and depression. A mediated-moderation analysis was performed. Results showed that the path from external shame to self-criticism depends on the level of perfectionistic self-presentation whereas the effect of self-criticism on depression is constant. Thus, there is an interaction between external shame and perfectionistic self-presentation on self-criticism which, in turn, affects depression. The internalization of an ideal-self sets up a standard that once compared to the actual self, displays negative self-evaluations and feelings that individuals see as reflecting a bad, inferior and flawed self. In this context, a perfectionistic self-presentation is used to create positive images on the minds of others. Although this style of organization is an adaptive way to deal with specific social contexts once it functions as a buffer in the relationship between shame and self-criticism, perfectionistic self-presentation seems to be a useless strategy since it does not prevent them from depression. Implications for future research are discussed. How to cite: Costa J, Maroco J, Pinto-Gouveia J, & Ferreira C (2016). Shame, Self-Criticism, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation and Depression in Eating Disorders. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 16, 317-328.
Running Title : PACAP / PAC 1 cyclic AMP signaling is mediated by AC 6 Corresponding author :

PC12 cells express five adenylate cyclase (AC) isoforms, most abundantly AC6 and AC7. These two ACs were individually silenced using lentiviral shRNAs, which lead to a decrease (>80%) of the protein product of each transcript. These stable PC12 sublines were then used to examine potential AC isoform preference for signaling through a Family B GPCR. Cells were challenged with the endogenous agonist of the PAC1 receptor, PACAP-38, or with the diterpene forskolin as an AC-proximal control. Intracellular cAMP levels were elevated by forskolin about equally in wild-type, and AC6 knockdown cells, with a slight diminution in cAMP elevation in AC7 knockdown cells. The ability of PACAP-38 and forskolin to activate three cAMP sensors downstream of AC (PKA, Epac2/Rapgef4, and NCS/Rapgef2), was examined by monitoring the phosphorylation status of their respective targets, CREB, p38, and ERK. Forskolin stimulation of each downstream target of cAMP was unaffected by knockdown of either AC6 or AC7. PACAP38 activation of all downstream targets of cAMP was unaffected by AC7 knockdown, but abolished following AC6 knockdown. Membrane cholesterol depletion with methyl-βcyclodextrin mimicked the effects of AC6 silencing on PACAP signaling, without affecting forskolin signaling. These data suggest that vicinal constraint of the GPCR PAC1, and AC6, determine the exclusive requirement for this AC in PACAP signaling, but that the downstream coupling of the cAMP sensors PKA, Epac2/Rapgef4, and NCS/Rapgef2, to their respective signaling targets, determines how cAMP signaling is parcellated to physiological responses, such as neuritogenesis, upon GPCR-Gs activation in neuroendocrine cells.
rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts lipid-associated membrane proteins on Ureaplasma urealyticum Effects of

Objectives: As an infectious agent might play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development, this study investigated effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum lipid-associated membrane proteins (UuLAMPs) on RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) proliferation, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-1b production by THP-1 macrophages. Possible immunogenic proteins in UuLAMPs were identified. Methods: RASFs were cultured from synovial tissue from donors with RA. Serum samples from donors with/without RA and with/without U. urealyticum infection were used for immunogenicity analyses. THP-1 macrophages served as a model for synovial macrophages. TNF-a and IL-1b mRNA levels were assessed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction; protein levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UuLAMPs underwent separation and Western blot analyses. Results: UuLAMPs (0.025–0.4 mg/ml) stimulated RASF proliferation in a doseand timedependent manner, and increased TNF-a and IL-1b levels in THP-1 macrophages. Several immunogenic UuLAMPs were identified, but antibodies to a 25 kDa protein were only found in RA patients with U. urealyticum infection. Conclusions: UuLAMPs might induce RASF proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in synovium from RA patients. A 25 kDa U. urealyticum protein might act as a cross-reactive antigen.