Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving a Mixture of Many Random Linear Equations by Tensor Decomposition and Alternating Minimization

We consider the problem of solving mixed random linear equations with $k$ components. This is the noiseless setting of mixed linear regression. The goal is to estimate multiple linear models from mixed samples in the case where the labels (which sample corresponds to which model) are not observed. We give a tractable algorithm for the mixed linear equation problem, and show that under some technical conditions, our algorithm is guaranteed to solve the problem exactly with sample complexity linear in the dimension, and polynomial in $k$, the number of components. Previous approaches have required either exponential dependence on $k$, or super-linear dependence on the dimension. The proposed algorithm is a combination of tensor decomposition and alternating minimization. Our analysis involves proving that the initialization provided by the tensor method allows alternating minimization, which is equivalent to EM in our setting, to converge to the global optimum at a linear rate.
Glaucoma and reading speed: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation project.

OBJECTIVE To determine if, and at what point, glaucoma affects spoken reading speed. METHODS Data were collected from the Salisbury Eye Evaluation, a population-based evaluation of visual function and disability in the elderly population. Nonscrolling text was displayed on a screen and the rate words were read aloud was measured. Subjects reading slower than 90 words/min were defined as having impairment. Glaucoma status was determined using optic disc appearance and visual field testing. RESULTS One thousand one hundred fifty-four subjects completed evaluations of spoken reading speed and glaucoma status. Univariate analysis demonstrated reading impairment in 16.0% of subjects without glaucoma, 21.1% of subjects with unilateral glaucoma (P = .25), and 28.4% of subjects with bilateral glaucoma (P = .006). Multivariable regression demonstrated nonsignificant increases in the odds of reading impairment for subjects with unilateral (odds ratio, [OR], 1.13; P = .69) and bilateral glaucoma (OR, 1.25; P = .43), though subjects with bilateral glaucoma in the highest quartile of better-eye visual field loss read slower (beta = -32 words/min; P = .01) and were more often reading impaired than controls without glaucoma (OR, 3.8; P = .04). Race, cognitive ability, education, and visual acuity were important predictors of reading impairment. CONCLUSIONS High rates of spoken reading impairment were found throughout this elderly sample. Glaucoma was associated with slower reading and increased reading impairment with advanced bilateral field loss.
Hemifacial spasm: an electrophysiological evidence of facial motorneurons hyperexcitability.

Twenty patients with primary hemifacial spasm and ten patients with Parkinson's disease were studied by means of paired stimuli blink reflex. The second stimuli were delivered at a varying time interval between 50-900 ms. The R2 response's absolute refractory periods were compared between patients and twenty one age-matched normal controls as well as between hemifacial spasm and Parkinson's disease. In normal subjects, the mean absolute refractory period was found to be 271.42 +/- 64.36 ms, in hemifacial spasm 160.00 +/- 50.62 ms and in Parkinson's disease 157.14 +/- 53.45 ms. The absolute refractory periods obtained from patients were significantly shorter than in normal controls (p < 0.05). However the values between patients with hemifacial spasm and Parkinson's disease were not (p > 0.05). This result strongly supports bilateral facial motoneurons hyperexcitability as the underlying mechanism of hemifacial spasm.
The Moderating Effect of Transaction Experience on the Decision Calculus in On-Line Repurchase

Repeat customers are five times more profitable than new customers. Internet vendors have to retain customers to reap the benefits of repeat sales, but more than 50 percent of repeat customers seldom complete a third purchase. One reason is the inability of on-line vendors to manage customers' changing expectations. Vendors need to understand the decision calculus of repeat customers at every stage of their transaction experience with the vendor. This study uses a customer repurchase decision-making model to examine the effect of transaction experience on customers' decision calculus in on-line repurchases. The model shows that the effects of perceived convenience and perceived price change over the transaction experience, whereas the effects of perceived value and pleasure do not. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications.
Incremental validity of psychological flexibility, anxiety sensitivity, and mindfulness in the prediction of panic disorder symptomology and life satisfaction

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder. Reducing the fear of anxiety-related sensations (anxiety sensitivity) is a core putative mechanism of CBT for panic disorder. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a transdiagnostic therapy approach that shares some similarities with traditional CBT but differs in many key aspects. ACT has attracted interest and generated debate in academic and clinical domains. Research suggests that ACT is an efficacious treatment in the context of panic disorder and other anxiety-related disorders. However, the incremental utility of ACT-related constructs (e.g., psychological flexibility, mindfulness) relative to traditional CBT-related constructs (e.g., anxiety sensitivity) in the prediction of panic symptomology and life satisfaction is unclear. The few results that exist in this area have been mixed. The present study found anxiety sensitivity and psychological flexibility supplemented one another in the prediction of panic disorder symptoms and life satisfaction. Mindfulness was not a significant predictor of either panic or life satisfaction. The results suggest that both traditional and third wave CBT constructs (i.e., anxiety sensitivity and psychological flexibility) are useful predictors of panic symptoms and life satisfaction.
The amygdala: site of genomic and nongenomic arousal of aldosterone-induced sodium intake.

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND. : Mineralocorticoids act on the brain to influence sodium intake, and they do so via intracellular type I receptors and possibly also via a direct membrane action, as they do in the kidney. One brain area implicated by lesion studies investigating the regulation of sodium appetite aroused by adrenal steroids is the amygdala. METHODS To examine the mechanism by which mineralocorticoids act in the amygdala to arouse salt intake via a genomic and or membrane mode of action, rats were bilaterally fitted with cannulae directed to terminate in the amygdala. The genomic action of mineralocorticoids in arousing sodium intake was investigated by the administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASDNs) against the mineralocorticoid receptor, and its effects on deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-induced sodium intake over the course of several days was examined. The nongenomic action of mineralocorticoids on sodium intake was investigated by implantation into the amygdala of DOCA, aldosterone (ALDO), or their A-ring-reduced tetrahydro derivatives, 15 minutes prior to access to saline. Sodium intake was monitored immediately thereafter. RESULTS Treatment of rats in the amygdala with ASDN against the mineralocorticoid receptor inhibited DOCA-induced sodium intake, whereas ASDN against the glucocorticoid receptor or sense/scrambled sequences had no effect. DOCA and ALDO increased saline intake within 15 minutes after steroid application. Similarly, the application of A-ring-reduced 3beta,5beta tetrahydroaldosterone and 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone produced the same increases in sodium intake. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data imply that adrenal steroids, in addition to acting through classic cytosolic receptors, may also act on membrane receptor systems, producing rapid changes in behavior.
Open Systems Formal Evaluation Process

System Administrators and Architects are faced with an abundance of products that can be used to solve a problem or fill a need. Some of these products are not truly compatible with existing or Open Systems hardware and software. They can even be proprietary solutions re-packaged to grab a slice of the "open systems" market. Separating the chaff from the true performers will continue to be an increasingly difficult problem. This difficulty, combined with an increasing trend towards enterprise wide client/server technologies, shows a definite need to qualify procurement techniques and practices. This paper gives administrators the information to successfully organize or re-organize internal policies and procedures to perform appropriate evaluations of Open Systems products.
Effects of tetracycline-containing gel and a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid-containing gel on non-surgical periodontal therapy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological effects of a newly developed root conditioning gel system containing tetracycline or a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid on non-surgical periodontal therapy. Sixty-four (64) single-rooted teeth with a probing depth of 4 to 6 mm were randomly subjected to one of the following four treatments; 1) root planing alone (RP group); 2) tetracycline-containing gel alone (TCG group); 3) root planing plus tetracycline-containing gel (RP + TCG group); or 4) root planing plus a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid-containing gel (RP + TC-CAG group). Probing depth, attachment level, and tooth mobility were measured and the presence of dental plaque and gingival inflammation was recorded at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Subgingival plaque samples from each site were collected at the same visits and examined with phase contrast microscopy for proportions of motile rods and spirochetes. Plaque index, gingival sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth, and attachment level decreased significantly in all groups compared to the baseline values (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in probing pocket depth was noted after 12 weeks in RP + TC-CAG group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Significantly more gain in attachment was detected in the RP + TC-CAG group compared to the TCG group (P < 0.05). Tooth mobility scores also decreased later in the study. A significant decrease in the proportion of motile rods was found primarily in the RP + TC-CAG group. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TLR9 and MyD88 Are Crucial for the Development of Protective Immunity to Malaria

Effective resolution of malaria infection by avoiding pathogenesis requires regulated pro- to anti-inflammatory responses and the development of protective immunity. TLRs are known to be critical for initiating innate immune responses, but their roles in the regulation of immune responses and development of protective immunity to malaria remain poorly understood. In this study, using wild-type, TLR2−/−, TLR4−/−, TLR9−/−, and MyD88−/− mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, we show that TLR9 and MyD88 regulate pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, Th1/Th2 development, and cellular and humoral responses. Dendritic cells from TLR9−/− and MyD88−/− mice produced significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines than dendritic cells from wild-type mice. NK and CD8+ T cells from TLR9−/− and MyD88−/− mice showed markedly impaired cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, mice deficient in TLR9 and MyD88 showed higher Th2-type and lower Th1-type IgGs. Consequently, TLR9−/− and MyD88−/− mice exhibited compromised ability to control parasitemia and were susceptible to death. Our data also show that TLR9 and MyD88 distinctively regulate immune responses to malaria infection. TLR9−/− but not MyD88−/− mice produced significant levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, by other TLRs/inflammasome- and/or IL-1R/IL-18R–mediated signaling. Thus, whereas MyD88−/− mice completely lacked cell-mediated immunity, TLR9−/− mice showed low levels of cell-mediated immunity and were slightly more resistant to malaria infection than MyD88−/− mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate that TLR9 and MyD88 play central roles in the immune regulation and development of protective immunity to malaria, and have implications in understanding immune responses to other pathogens.
Structure and process in semantic memory: evidence from event-related brain potentials and reaction times.

Through scalp measurements of the electrical activity of the brain (event-related potentials, or ERPs) recorded while subjects verified the truth of sentences relating exemplars and categories (e.g., ALL DOGS ARE ANIMALS), inferences were made about aspects of semantic processing that were not directly reflected by overt responses. In particular, it is suggested that a negative ERP component that peaks about 400 ms after the onset of the sentence predicate (i.e., N400) is sensitive to structural aspects of semantic memory. The amplitude of this component was modulated by the relatedness of the subject and predicate terms, as well as the hierarchical level of both these terms, but was not sensitive to the truth value of a sentence.
Image Analysis Applications in Plant Growth and Health Assessment

Image analysis systems have been increasingly utilized for the assessment of plant growth and health for decades. This study reviews recent developments in image analysis systems for the plant growth and health evaluation. Furthermore, plant disease detection, pest detection and identification, IR thermography, aerial infrared photography, plant and plant part identification, plant discrimination, robotic harvesting, yield estimation and detection of the fruit maturity by image analysis systems are evaluated in this paper. More specifically, feature parameters like size, shape and colour of the fruits are used to detect the object (fruit) in the plant image and to assess the growth and health by image processing. Then, the advantages of image analysis systems for the plant growth and health evaluation are demonstrated. In addition, some points to simplify the implementation of image analysis systems for plant growth and health evaluation are also investigated and discussed. At the end of the introduction part, summary table including the process able plant parameters by image analysis techniques used in obtaining the plant information are presented with related reference.
Myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis of graft sources and long-term outcome.

PURPOSE Analysis of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for high-risk or recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using different donor sources is confounded by variable conditioning and supportive care. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 623 consecutive ALL myeloablative HCT (1980 to 2005). Donors were autologous (n = 209), related (RD; n = 245), unrelated (URD; n = 100), and umbilical cord blood (UCB; n = 69). RESULTS After median of 8.3 years of follow-up, 5-year overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), and relapse were 29% (95% CI, 26% to 32%), 26% (95% CI, 23% to 29%), and 43% (95% CI, 39% to 47%), respectively. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 2 years was 28% (95% CI, 25% to 31%). Mismatched URD sources yielded higher TRM (relative risk [RR], 2.2; P < .01) and lower OS (RR, 1.5; P = .05) than RD or UCB HCT. Autografting yielded significantly more relapse (68%; 95% CI, 59% to 77%; P < .01) and poorer LFS (14%; 95% CI, 10% to 18%; P = .01). HCT in first complete remission (CR1) yielded significantly better outcomes than later HCT. In a 1990 to 2005 allogeneic CR1/second complete response cohort, 5-year OS, LFS, and relapse rates were 41% (95% CI, 35% to 47%), 38% (95% CI, 32% to 44%), and 25% (95% CI, 19% to 31%), respectively; 2-year TRM was 34% (95% CI, 28% to 40%). With RD, well-matched URD and UCB sources, 5-year LFS was 40% (95% CI, 31% to 49%), 42% (95% CI, 14% to 70%), and 49% (95% CI, 34% to 64%), respectively, while relapse was 31% (95% CI, 22% to 40%), 17% (95% CI, 0% to 37%), and 27% (95% CI, 13% to 41%). Acute graft-versus-host disease was associated with fewer relapses. Since 1995, we noted progressive improvements in OS, LFS, and TRM. CONCLUSION Allogeneic, but not autologous, HCT for ALL results in durable LFS. Importantly, HCT using UCB led to similar outcomes as either RD or well-matched URD. HCT in early remission can best exploit the potent antileukemic efficacy of allografting from UCB, RD, or URD sources.
Distributed fault slip model for the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake from GNSS and GRACE/GOCE satellite gravimetry

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission (launched 2002) and the Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission (March 2009 to November 2013) collected spaceborne gravity data for the preseismic and postseismic periods of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. In addition, the dense Japan GeoNet Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) network measured with approximately 1050 stations the coseismic and postseismic surface displacements. We use a novel combination of GNSS, GRACE, and GOCE observations for a distributed fault slip model addressing the issues with gravimetric and geometric change over consistent time windows. Our model integrates the coseismic and postseismic effects as we include GOCE observations averaged over a 2 year interval, but their inclusion reveals the gravity change with unprecedented spatial accuracy. The gravity gradient grid, evaluated at GOCE orbit height of 265 km, has an estimated formal error of 0.20 mE which provides sensitivity to the mainly coseismic and integrated postseismic‐induced gravity gradient signal of −1.03 mE. We show that an increased resolution of the gravity change provides valuable information, with GOCE gravity gradient observations sensitive to a more focused slip distribution in contrast to the filtered GRACE equivalent. The 2 year averaging window of the observations makes it important to incorporate estimates of the variance/covariance of unmodeled processes in the inversion. The GNSS and GRACE/GOCE combined model shows a slip pattern with 20 m peak slip at the trench. The total gravity change (≈200 μGal) and the spatial mapping accuracy would have been considerably lower by omitting the GOCE‐derived fine‐scale gravity field information.
The new era of robotic neck surgery: The universal application of the retroauricular approach

Recent advances in technology has triggered the introduction of surgical robotics in the field of head and neck surgery and changed the landscape indefinitely. The advent of transoral robotic surgery and robotic thyroidectomy techniques has urged the extended applications of the robot to other neck surgeries including remote access surgeries. Based on earlier reports and our surgical experiences, this review will discuss in detail various robotic head and neck surgeries via retroauricular approach. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:707–716. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling and Performance Characterization of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Array Field-Effect Transistors

The performance prediction of double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) array-built field-effect transistors (DWCNTFETs) is performed theoretically. The charge densities and surface potentials of double walls are solved in a self-consistent manner with the effects of wall screening among the DWCNT array treated appropriately. Some comparisons are made between our method and the nonequilibrium Green's function approach, with good agreement obtained. The influences of phonon scattering, doping resistances, Schottky barrier resistances, screening effects, and parasitic capacitances on DWCNTFET performance are examined in detail for different array geometries. It is found that, although its intrinsic channel part has no speed advantage over the single-walled counterpart, the overall speed performance can be better with low array densities and large diameters of the DWCNTs. The delay and cutoff frequency of the DWCNTFET can be decreased by 15% and increased by 30%, respectively. In particular, its better on current property can be utilized in the design of nanodevices with high-power-handling capability.
Current perspectives on echinocandin class drugs.

It has been nearly a decade since caspofungin was approved for clinical use as the first echinocandin class antifungal agent, followed by micafungin and anidulafungin. The echinocandin drugs target the fungal cell wall by inhibiting the synthesis of β-1,3-D-glucan, a critical cell wall component of many pathogenic fungi. They are fungicidal for Candida spp. and fungistatic for moulds, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, where they induce abnormal morphology and growth properties. The echinocandins have a limited antifungal spectrum but are highly active against most Candida spp. , including azole-resistant strains and biofilms. As they target glucan synthase, an enzyme absent in mammalian cells, the echinocandins have a favorable safety profile. They show potent MIC and epidemiological cutoff values against susceptible Candida and Aspergillus isolates, and the frequency of resistance is low. When clinical breakthrough occurs, it is associated with high MIC values and mutations in Fks subunits of glucan synthase, which can reduce the sensitivity of the enzyme to the drug by several thousand-fold. Such strains were not adequately captured by an early clinical breakpoint for susceptibility prompting a revised lower value, which addresses the FKS resistance mechanism and new pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. Elevated MIC values unlinked to therapeutic failure can occur and result from adaptive cell behavior, which is FKS-independent and involves the molecular chaperone Hsp90 and the calcineurin pathway. Mutations in FKS1 and/or FKS2 alter the kinetic properties of glucan synthase, which reduces the relative fitness of mutant strains causing them to be less pathogenic. The echinocandin drugs also modify the cell wall architecture exposing buried glucans, which in turn induce a variety of important host immune responses. Finally, the future for glucan synthase inhibitors looks bright with the development of new orally active compounds.
Safety profile of the triptans

The triptans are 5-HT1B/1D agonists used as migraine and cluster-specific agents. Seven are in commercial use worldwide; in order of release these are sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, rizatriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan and eletriptan. Sumatriptan has been in clinical use since 1991, and although postmarketing studies have stimulated much debate of triptan strengths and weaknesses, their overall safety profile appears excellent. The most serious adverse events are cardiovascular, due to coronary artery narrowing as a consequence of coronary artery 5-HT1B receptor activity. Triptans are contraindicated in patients with vascular disease. Other events are even more rare, and include the potential for drug–drug interactions, based on metabolic elimination pathways. Serotonin syndrome has been a concern, but one large prospective study failed to document a single case, and reports are sporadic and not clearly causative.
DDX3X mutations in two girls with a phenotype overlapping Toriello–Carey syndrome

Recently, de novo heterozygous variants in DDX3X have been reported in about 1.5% of 2659 females with previously unexplained intellectual disability (ID). We report on the identification of DDX3X variants in two unrelated girls with clinical features of Toriello–Carey Syndrome (T‐CS). In patient 1, the recurrent variant c.1703C>T; p.(P568L) was identified when reconsidering X‐linked de novo heterozygous variants in exome sequencing data. In patient 2, the DDX3X variant c.1600C>G; p.(R534G) was also detected by exome sequencing. Based on these data, de novo heterozygous DDX3X variants should be considered not only in females with unexplained ID, but also in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of T‐CS.