Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of carbon dioxide laser irradiation on the healing process of extraction sockets

Abstract Objective. To clarify the healing-promoting effects of carbon dioxide laser irradiation in high and low reactive-level laser therapies (HLLT and LLLT, respectively) on extraction sockets after tooth extraction. Material and methods. Forty-two 5-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into laser irradiation and non-irradiation (control) groups and compared. The laser-irradiation group underwent HLLT immediately after tooth extraction and then LLLT 1 day post-extraction. Tissue was excised 6 h and 3, 7, or 21 days after extraction and histopathologically investigated. The alveolar crest height was measured osteomorphometrically 21 days post-extraction, and granulation tissue in the extraction socket surface layer was immunohistologically investigated using anti-α-smooth muscle actin (anti-α-SMA) antibody 3 and 7 days post-extraction. Results. Many osteoclasts appeared and active bone resorption was noted in the irradiation group 3 days after extraction compared to the controls. On Day 7, new bone formation started around the extraction socket in the control group, but from the superficial to over the middle layer of the socket in the irradiation group. On Day 21, a concavity existed in the alveolar crest region in the controls, whereas this region was flat, with no concavity, in the irradiation group. On osteomorphometry, the alveolar crest height was significantly higher in the irradiation (0.7791 ± 0.0122) than the control (0.6516 ± 0.0181) group (P < 0.05). On immunostaining, many α-SMA-positive cells were noted in the control group, but very few in the irradiation group. Conclusion. Laser-irradiated extraction wound healing showed characteristics different from those of the normal healing process, suggesting a favorable healing-promoting effect.
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Operational Protocols - LDAPv2

The protocol described in this document is designed to satisfy some of the operational requirements within the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (IPKI). Specifically, this document addresses requirements to provide access to Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) repositories for the purposes of retrieving PKI information and managing that same information. The mechanism described in this document is based on the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) v2, defined in RFC 1777, defining a profile of that protocol for use within the IPKI and updates encodings for certificates and revocation lists from RFC 1778. Additional mechanisms addressing PKIX operational requirements are specified in separate documents.
IL-10 Suppresses Calcium-Mediated Costimulation of Receptor Activator NF-κB Signaling during Human Osteoclast Differentiation by Inhibiting TREM-2 Expression1

Induction of effective osteoclastogenesis by RANK (receptor activator of NF-κB) requires costimulation by ITAM-coupled receptors. In humans, the TREM-2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) ITAM-coupled receptor plays a key role in bone remodeling, as patients with TREM-2 mutations exhibit defective osteoclastogenesis and bone lesions. We have identified a new rapidly induced costimulatory pathway for RANK signaling that is dependent on TREM-2 and mediated by calcium signaling. TREM-2-dependent calcium signals are required for RANK-mediated activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II and downstream MEK and ERK MAPKs that are important for osteoclastogenesis. IL-10 inhibited RANK-induced osteoclastogenesis and selectively inhibited calcium signaling downstream of RANK by inhibiting transcription of TREM-2. Down-regulation of TREM-2 expression resulted in diminished RANKL-induced activation of the CaMK-MEK-ERK pathway and decreased expression of the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis NFATc1. These findings provide a new mechanism of inhibition of human osteoclast differentiation. The results also yield insights into crosstalk between ITAM-coupled receptors and heterologous receptors such as RANK, and they identify a mechanism by which IL-10 can suppress cellular responses to TNFR family members.
HISTORY vs . GEOGRAPHY : THE ROLE OF COLLEGE INTERACTION IN PORTFOLIO CHOICE

We study the link between social interaction and portfolio choice. We concentrate on a form of interaction that is rooted back in the past: college-based interaction — defined as the one that relates the portfolio choice of an investor to that of the other investors who went to the same college. We explain it in terms of a common cultural imprinting and the development of long-term friendship and alumni networks and we directly quantify its impact on portfolio choice. We compare college-based interaction to other forms of social interaction, such as professional and geographical interaction, properly controlling for the standard motivations of portfolio theory, such as hedging of non-financial income risk, familiarity, wealth and income effect, a host of demographic, geographic and professional dummies, trend-chasing and momentum behavior. All the different sources of social interaction significantly affect stock-picking both statistically and economically. College-based interaction is, however, in general stronger than the other sources of social interaction and has an explanatory power higher than the standard determinants of portfolio choice, such as hedging nonfinancial income risk, familiarity and so on. The impact of college-based interaction is statistically and economically significant. Investors invest in the same stocks in which their former classmates do and skew their portfolios towards growth stocks if their former classmates do the same. Moreover, investors are more likely to herd with the other investors who went to the same college than with the rest of the population. College-based interaction also affects investors’ decision to concentrate their portfolios in few stocks. JEL : G11, G14.
A Novel Field Test to Determine Critical Speed

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a novel field test of critical running speed (CS). Ten trained male distance runners completed a familiarisation trial plus three separate experimental trials on a standard 400 m athletics track. Each trial consisted of three distances (1200, 2400 and 3600 metres) that were selected to produce finishing times in the region of 3, 7 and 12 minutes respectively. Participants were instructed to cover the set distance in the fastest time possible. Participants rested for 30 minutes between efforts. Data were modelled using the linear distance-time model, described by the equation: d = (CS x t) + ARC, where: d = distance run (m), t = running time (s), and ARC = anaerobic running capacity (m). Results demonstrated a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.0% (95% confidence limit (95% CL): 1.4–3.8%) for trials 2–1 and 1.3% (95% CL: 0.9–2.4%) for trials 3–2. There was no significant difference in CS (m·s -1 ) across trials (P<0.05). The limits of agreement were ±0.27m·s -1 of the measure for trials 2–1 and ±0.18 m·s -1 for trials 3–2. ARC proved to be less reliable with a group CV of 18.4% (95% CL: 13.5– 39.9%) for trials 2–1 and 9.8% (95% CL: 7.0–19.6%) for trials 3–2. Although the assessment of ARC is less reliable, CV data are similar to those reported previously during laboratory-based testing.
RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR Is Required for Activation of NF-κB by IFN-γ in a STAT1-Independent Pathway1

The IFN-inducible dsRNA-activated protein kinase PKR regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α. It also acts as a signal transducer for transcription factors NF-κB, IFN regulatory factor-1, and activating transcription factor-2. IFN-γ, a pleiotropic cytokine, elicits gene expression by activating the Janus kinase-STAT signaling pathway. IFN-γ can synergize with TNF-α to activate NF-κB in a number of cell lines. Here we show that IFN-γ alone can activate NF-κB, by a Janus kinase-1-mediated, but Stat1-independent, mechanism. NF-κB activation by IFN-γ is associated with degradation of IκB β. The IFN-γ response can be blocked by 2′,5′-oligoadenylate-linked antisense chimeras against PKR mRNA. There was no activation of NF-κB by IFN in PKR-null cells, indicating that PKR is required for IFN-γ signaling to NF-κB.
Origin of the endurance degradation in the novel HfO2-based 1T ferroelectric non-volatile memories

Novel HfO2-based non-volatile ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) reveal integration and scaling properties superior to the devices utilizing perovskite-type ferroelectrics. However, until now the switching endurance of only 104 program/erase cycles could be proven. The mechanisms responsible for the cycling degradation have been scarcely studied so far. Therefore, the scope of this paper is to clarify the origin of the cycling degradation in HfO2-based FeFETs. Several possible degradation mechanisms - fatigue of the ferroelectric layer and degradation of the transistor gate stack - are proposed and investigated. The limited endurance properties were found to be linked to the transistor gate stack reliability rather than to the ferroelectric material itself. The gate leakage current measurements and the trapping analyses presented in this paper identified a degradation of the interfacial layer in the gate stack, which in turn is strongly linked to a reduction of ferroelectric memory window.
The Sigma Factor AlgU (AlgT) Controls Exopolysaccharide Production and Tolerance towards Desiccation and Osmotic Stress in the Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas fluorescensCHA0

ABSTRACT A variety of stress situations may affect the activity and survival of plant-beneficial pseudomonads added to soil to control root diseases. This study focused on the roles of the sigma factor AlgU (synonyms, AlgT, RpoE, and ς22) and the anti-sigma factor MucA in stress adaptation of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. ThealgU-mucA-mucB gene cluster of strain CHA0 was similar to that of the pathogensPseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas syringae. Strain CHA0 is naturally nonmucoid, whereas amucA deletion mutant oralgU-overexpressing strains were highly mucoid due to exopolysaccharide overproduction. Mucoidy strictly depended on the global regulator GacA. An algU deletion mutant was significantly more sensitive to osmotic stress than the wild-type CHA0 strain and the mucA mutant were. Expression of analgU′-′lacZ reporter fusion was induced severalfold in the wild type and in themucA mutant upon exposure to osmotic stress, whereas a lower, noninducible level of expression was observed in thealgU mutant. Overexpression of algU did not enhance tolerance towards osmotic stress. AlgU was found to be essential for tolerance of P. fluorescens towards desiccation stress in a sterile vermiculite-sand mixture and in a natural sandy loam soil. The size of the population of thealgU mutant declined much more rapidly than the size of the wild-type population at soil water contents below 5%. In contrast to its role in pathogenic pseudomonads, AlgU did not contribute to tolerance of P. fluorescens towards oxidative and heat stress. In conclusion, AlgU is a crucial determinant in the adaptation of P. fluorescens to dry conditions and hyperosmolarity, two major stress factors that limit bacterial survival in the environment.
Relation between diet and protozoal population in the rumen

1. Four feeding trials were made to investigate relations between diet and protozoal population in the rumen. 2. When a ration containing no concentrate was used, the number of entodiniomorphs decreased rapidly. The number of entodiniomorphs increased with the amount of concentrate. Rice straw, which was used as a sole source of roughage, was not always necessary for protozoa to survive in the rumen. 3. The type of diet affected the holotrich population to a much smaller extent than the entodiniomorph population.
Endothelin‐1 is a mediator of intimal hyperplasia in organ culture of human saphenous vein

Background Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a powerful vasoconstrictor and a potent mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. Excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation is a feature of intimal hyperplasia, the pathological lesion of vein graft stenosis. This study investigates the role of ET‐1 in isolated human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells and also in an organ culture of the human saphenous vein.
Researcher contributions and fulfillment of ICMJE authorship criteria: analysis of author contribution lists in research articles with multiple authors published in radiology. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

PURPOSE To determine the number of researchers who fulfill the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship criteria and to evaluate individual contributions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The author contribution lists of Radiology articles published between 1998 and 2000 with at least three authors were reviewed. The fulfillment of ICMJE criteria for authorship and the contribution percentage were assessed according to each researcher's position in the byline and nationality (American vs international), number of researchers per article, and year of publication. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of researchers fulfilled the ICMJE authorship criteria. Position in the byline indicated a significant difference in fulfillment (P <.001): 98.9% and 85.3% for the first and second authors, respectively, and 52.8% and 66.5% for the middle and last authors, respectively. American researchers had a higher percentage (78%) of fulfillment than did international researchers (57%) (P <.001). Fulfillment decreased as the number of authors per article increased (P <.001), although there was no significant change throughout 1998-2000. The mean contribution percentages decreased greatly from first to second to last to middle authors. American researchers had a significantly larger mean contribution percentage than did international researchers. Of the total 6,686 researchers, 2,316 (35%) contributed to one or two categories. This rate was higher for middle and international authors. CONCLUSION The 68% fulfillment of criteria for authorship was closely related to the large number of researchers contributing to one category or to categories belonging to the same ICMJE criterion.
Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with intravertebral cleft

Background Intravertebral cleft is a structural change in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), which is the manifestation of ischemic vertebral osteonecrosis complicated with fracture nonunion and pseudoarthrosis and appears in the late stage of OVCF. Despite numerous studies on OVCF, few aim to evaluate the clinicoradiological characteristics and clinical significance of intravertebral cleft in OVCF. This study investigates clinicoradiological characteristics of intravertebral cleft in OVCF and the effect on the efficacy of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP). Materials and Methods PKP was performed on 139 OVCF patients without intravertebral cleft (group A) and 44 OVCF patients with intravertebral cleft (group B). The frequency distribution of the affected vertebral body, bone cement infusion volume, imaging manifestation, leakage rate and type, preoperative and postoperative height of the affected vertebral body, visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were evaluated. Results Significant differences were found in the frequency distribution of the affected vertebral body and bone cement leakage type between the two groups ( P < 0.05). However, differences in bone cement infusion volume and leakage rate ( P > 0.05) were not detected. In both groups, the postoperative height of the affected vertebral body was significantly improved ( P < 0.05). The restoration of vertebral body height in group B was more evident than that in group A ( P < 0.05). The preoperative VAS and ODI scores in group B were significantly higher than those in group A ( P < 0.05). After surgical treatment, pain relief and daily activity function in both groups were significantly improved ( P < 0.05), and no significant difference in postoperative scores was detected between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Intravertebral cleft exhibits specific clinical and imaging as well as bone cement formation characteristics. PKP can effectively restore the affected vertebral body height, alleviate pain, and improve daily activity function of patients.
Chronically injured corticospinal axons do not cross large spinal lesion gaps after a multifactorial transplantation strategy using olfactory ensheathing cell/olfactory nerve fibroblast‐biomatrix bridges

Transplantation of mixed cultures containing olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) and olfactory nerve fibroblasts (ONF) has been shown to stimulate regrowth of both acutely and chronically injured corticospinal (CS) axons across small spinal cord lesion gaps. Here, we used a multifactorial transplantation strategy to stimulate regrowth of chronically injured CS axons across large spinal cord lesion gaps. This strategy combined the transplantation of aligned OEC/ONF‐biomatrix complexes, as described previously (Deumens et al. [2004] Neuroscience 125:591–604), within the lesion gap with additional OEC/ONF injections rostral and caudal to the lesion site. We show an enhanced presence of injured CS axons directly rostral to the lesion gap, with no effects on injured CS axons at or caudal to the lesion gap. Furthermore, injured CS axons did not penetrate the OEC/ONF‐biomatrix complex within the lesion gap. The enhanced presence of CS axons rostral to the lesion gap was not accompanied by any recovery of behavioral parameters assessed with the BBB locomotor rating scale or CatWalk gait analysis. We conclude that our multifactorial transplantation strategy should be optimized to create an OEC/ONF continuum in the injured spinal cord and thereby stimulate regrowth of injured CS axons across large spinal lesion gaps. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encouraging altruism: public attitudes and the marketing of organ donation.

the last ten years, made the transplantation of human organs a possibility. In particular, the development of the artificial kidney and immunosuppressive drugs has lifted kidney transplantation from an experimental to a clinically sound procedure. The medical demand for kidney transplants is very great and the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program has eliminated financial barriers. Nothing, however, can eliminate the fact that kidneys for transplantation must come from human beings. This means these organs must be donated either by the families of accident victims or by others who die suddenly and in good health. Motivating and facilitating such donations is a matter of importance to the thousands in need of a replacement organ and, because of government financings of treatment, to those interested in public policy. This article treats the public's attitudes toward organ donation and considers what can and is being done to foster the willingness to donate. It is, therefore, about altruism and its exploitation for the common good.
A short circuit study of a wind farm considering mechanical torque fluctuation

Wind power plants are now being paid more and more attention from the environmental point of view. They are sometimes built remote from other power plants, which implies that the fault current distribution becomes different from before. Although induction generators, which still cover major part of wind power plants, do not have independent back voltage, they behave as transient sources of fault current during the critical time range. From this point of view fault analysis considering the contribution of wind farm is an important issue. Recently many wind power plants take form of wind farms, groups of many wind power sources, which compensates non-deterministic random variation inherent in wind fluctuation. But most of the research works done in the field of electrical characteristics of wind power plants do not consider this effect. This paper studies short circuit current fed from induction generators taking into account the random fluctuation of wind and its compensation by grouping them
Design of Polarization Splitter With Single-Polarized Elliptical-Hole Core Circular-Hole Holey Fibers

We propose a novel polarization splitter based on coupled elliptical-hole core circular-hole holey fibers (EC-CHFs). Utilizing the single-polarization nature of the EC-CHFs, in the proposed polarization splitter, two orthogonally polarized waves couple only to different EC-CHFs and the crosstalk-free polarization splitting is realized. In addition, the coupling length for two orthogonally polarized waves can be independently designed and this splitter is easy to design.
Risk-Sensitive Filters for Recursive Estimation of Motion From Images

In this paper, an extended risk-sensitive filter (ERSF) is used to estimate the motion parameters of an object recursively from a sequence of monocular images. The effect of varying the risk factor /spl theta/ on the estimation error is examined. The performance of the filter is compared with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the theoretical Cramer-Rao lower bound. When the risk factor /spl theta/ and the uncertainty in the measurement noise are large, the initial estimation error of the ERSF is less than that of the corresponding EKF The ERSF is also found to converge to the steady state value of the error faster than the EKF. In situations when the uncertainty in the initial estimate is large and the EKF diverges, the ERSF converges with small errors. In confirmation with the theory, as /spl theta/ tends to zero, the behavior of the ERSF is the same as that of the EKF.
Role of IRF4 in IFN-Stimulated Gene Induction and Maintenance of Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Latency in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells

IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 4 is a hematopoietic cell–specific transcription factor that regulates the maturation and differentiation of immune cells. Using an inducible expression system, we found that IRF4 directly induced a specific subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a type I IFN–independent manner in both epithelial and B cell lines. Moreover, Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV)–encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) enhances IRF4-mediated gene induction. Coexpression of IRF4 with vFLIP significantly increased ISG60 (IFIT3) and Cig5 (RSAD2) transcription that was dependent on the ability of vFLIP to activate NF-κB. A vFLIP mutant (A57L) defective in NF-κB activation failed to enhance IRF4-mediated ISG induction. Thus, we provide a physiologically relevant mechanism by which viral protein–mediated NF-κB activation modulates specific ISG induction by IRF4. In contrast, IRF4 also acted as a negative regulator of KSHV replication and transcription activator expression after induction of KSHV lytic reactivation in KSHV-positive primary effusion lymphoma cells. Taken together, these results suggest a dual role for IRF4 in regulating ISG induction and KSHV lytic reactivation in primary effusion lymphoma cells.
Lithium kinetics in single daily dosing

The feasibility of single daily dosing of lithium carbonate was tested in eight recurrent manic‐depressives being treated with lithium prophylaxis. The patients received their entire 24‐h maintenance dose at 8:00 p.m. for 12 consecutive days. The suitability of single daily dosing was determined by comparing 1) lithium trough levels', 2) lithium kinetic parameters of half‐life, clearance, and volume of distribution; and 3) renal function parameters of serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and mean 24‐h urine output during the initial divided daily dosage trial and the subsequent single daily dosage trial. The observation of no significant changes in either serum half‐lives or renal lithium clearance levels supports the conclusion that the average steady‐state lithium serum concentration (Cp88) is unchanged by conversion to single daily doses. No significant changes were observed in either serum creatinine or creatinine clearance. However, a significant decrease in the 24‐h urine output was noted on the single daily dose.