Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Multidimensional Imaging of a Molecular Dissociation

The coupled electronic and vibrational motions governing chemical processes are best viewed from the molecule's point of view—the molecular frame. Measurements made in the laboratory frame often conceal information because of the random orientations the molecule can take. We used a combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, multidimensional coincidence imaging spectroscopy, and ab initio computation to trace a complete reactant-to-product pathway—the photodissociation of the nitric oxide dimer—from the molecule's point of view, on the femtosecond time scale. This method revealed an elusive photochemical process involving intermediate electronic configurations.
Seasonal Undernutrition in Rural Ethiopia: Magnitude, Correlates, and Functional Significance

421 Marked seasonal variability of both production and consumption is characteristic of virtually all farming systems in the developing world. Seasonal variations in food security are linked to many other structural and economic problems, including agricultural stagnation and poor markets and infrastructure. Such conditions prevail in Ethiopia, where the decline in cereal production since the 1960s, the dearth of rural infrastructure, and poorly functioning markets are major determinants of the country’s notorious periodic famines. The widespread mortality and disease that accompany these famines are well documented, but less is known about the effects of seasonal energy stress in the “normal” years in between. It is therefore crucial to understand the effects of the seasonal energy stress that forms the background against which the more devastating effects of large-scale famine are drawn.
Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotection: current views and prospects

Summary Most of the pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases share the aggregation of related proteins which is one of the hallmarks of the degenerative processes. Recent advances in the knowledge of these proteinopathies show that the same protein could contribute to a number of diseases, thus suggesting a common pathological process. If this is so, specific instances of the brain neuronal system targeted by protein dysfunction could be a sign of a differential clinical expression rather than different pathological processes. This very stimulating view of the neurodegenerative diseases based on physiopathology has led us to suggest that possible degenerative mechanisms may be shared by different diseases although the causes of the disease itself still remain unclear. Since genetic forms of the degenerative diseases are rather rare, exploring the involvement of genes is one current way of researching the degenerative process of the disease. It is has thus been speculated that idiopathic forms of the diseases are related to close interactions between genetic and environmental factors; the genetic component being able to favour – or perhaps, to protect against – the disease process. Because of the current view that the basic mechanism of cell death in degenerative diseases is related to a rather limited number of processes in which oxidative stress could play a central role resulting in protein dysfunction and aggregation, one can speculate that there are neuroprotective medicines soon to be proposed based on the active limitation of protein accumulation in the brain.
Who should undergo a colonoscopy among patients with incidental colon uptake on PET-CT?

Abstract Objectives. To investigate the optimal cut-off of the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) for the detection of colorectal neoplasms and to suggest those for whom further colonoscopy is recommended among patients with incidental colonic uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). Materials and methods. In 306 patients who underwent colonoscopy within 3 months of receiving PET-CT between January and December 2009, measurements of the per-patient and per-lesion diagnostic performance of PET-CT for the detection of colonic neoplasms were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify the SUVmax that provided a high probability of diagnosing malignancy and high-grade dysplasia. Results. The per-patient and per-lesion PET-CT detection sensitivities for malignancies were 93.3% (28/30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 76.5% to 98.9%) and 93.5% (29/31, 95% CI 77.2% to 98.9%), respectively; the sensitivities for high-grade dysplasia were both 90.0% (9/10; 95% CI 54.1% to 99.5%). As a criterion to specifically detect both malignancy and high-grade dysplasia on focal uptake, a SUVmax greater than 2.5 yielded a 92.3% per-lesion sensitivity and a 42.9% per-lesion positive predictive value (PPV). In the ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of SUVmax = 5.8 was established, at which the sensitivity, PPV and positive likelihood ratio for diagnosing malignancy and high-grade dysplasia were 71.8% (28/39; 95% CI 54.9% to 84.5%), 84.8% (28/33; 95% CI 67.3% to 94.3%) and 6.9, respectively. Conclusion. The optimal cut-off value to identify a malignancy or high-grade dysplasia was SUVmax = 5.8. However, to avoid missing a malignancy or high-grade dysplasia, a colonoscopy should be performed above a SUVmax = 2.5.
Bilateral Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast with Osteoclast‐Like Giant Cells

Abstract: A case of bilateral infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast containing osteoclast‐like giant cells is presented. Notable pathologic features include prominent tumor‐associated angiogenesis and the presence of osteoclast‐like giant cells in axillary lymph node metastases. Immunohistologic and ultrastructural examination support a nonepithelial, histiocytic origin for the giant cells, and results are similar to previous reports of osteoclast‐like giant cells associated with breast carcinoma. This is the first report of bilateral pure infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast with osteoclast‐like giant cells and the first case of pure lobular carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells present in lymph node metastases.
Spongiforma , a new genus of gasteroid boletes from Thailand

Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132 Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01601 Asia Star Lab Co., Ltd., Research and Development, 9 Soi Prachanimitr, Pradipat Road, Samsennai Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Centex Shrimp, 4 Floor Chalermprakiat Bldg. , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Predicting Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Drugs: Evaluation of Different In Vitro Assays

The ability of a drug to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for its use in the pharmaceutical treatment of CNS disorders. Five different in vitro methods to predict BBB permeability of drugs were compared and evaluated in the present study. All assays were performed with a consistent set of seven compounds and in the same physiological buffer to provide a basis for direct comparison of the results. Octanol-buffer and liposome-buffer partition coefficients were most conveniently obtained but failed to predict BBB permeability for certain drugs. The incorporation of drugs into lipid monolayers at the air-buffer interface was found to be a poor predictor of BBB permeability and was furthermore not considered suitable for screening due to the demanding experimental requirements. Permeability studies using Caco-2 cell monolayers provided a good correlation to an in vitro model of the BBB, which was based on primary cultured porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCEC). However, differences in drug permeability between the intestine and brain derived cells were detected, limiting the advantages of the easy handling of the Caco-2 cell line compared to the more time-consuming primary culture of the BCEC.
Nutritional effects on neuron numbers.

Undernutrition during early life is known to cause deficits and distortions of brain structure although it has remained uncertain whether or not this includes a diminution of the total numbers of neurons. Estimates of numerical density (e.g. number of cells per microscopic field, or number of cells per unit area of section, or number of cells per unit volume of tissue) are extremely difficult to interpret and do not provide estimates of total numbers of cells. However, advances in stereological techniques have made it possible to obtain unbiased estimates of total numbers of cells in well defined biological structures. These methods have been utilised in studies to determine the effects of varying periods of undernutrition during early life on the numbers of neurons in various regions of the rat brain. The regions examined so far have included the cerebellum, the dentate gyrus, the olfactory bulbs and the cerebral cortex. The only region to show, unequivocally, that a period of undernutrition during early life causes a deficit in the number of neurons was the dentate gyrus. These findings are discussed in the context of other morphological and functional deficits present in undernourished animals.
Superior low-pressure-oxidized Si3N4 films on rapid-thermal-nitrided poly-Si for high-density DRAM's

High-performance stacked storage capacitors with small effective-oxide-thickness (t/sub ox,eff/) as thin as 37 /spl Aring/ has been achieved using low-pressure-oxidized nitride films deposited on NH/sub 3/-nitrided poly-Si electrodes. The capacitors exhibit excellent leakage property and time-dependent dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) characteristics. Furthermore, this technique is promising for the 64- and 256-Mb dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM) applications because the process temperatures never exceed 850/spl deg/C. <<ETX>>
Prognostic Factors for Duration of Sickness Absence due to Musculoskeletal Disorders

Objective:The purpose of this prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up was to determine prognostic factors for duration of sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders. Methods:Workers were included when on sickness absence of 2 to 6 weeks due to musculoskeletal disorders. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect personal and work-related factors, pain, functional disability, and general health perceptions. Statistical analysis was done with Cox proportional hazard regression with an interaction variable with time for every risk factor of interest. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on musculoskeletal disorders and, separately, for low back pain. Results:The main factors that were associated with longer sickness absence were older age, gender, perceived physical workload, and poorer general health for neck, shoulder and upper extremity disorders, and functional disability, sciatica, worker's own perception of the ability of return to work, and chronic complaints for low back pain. Workers with a high perceived physical work load returned to work increasingly slower over time than expected, whereas workers with a high functional disability returned to work increasingly faster over time. Conclusions:High pain intensity is a major prognostic factor for duration of sickness absence, especially in low back pain. The different disease-specific risk profiles for prolonged sickness absence indicate that low back pain and upper extremity disorders need different approaches when applying intervention strategies with the aim of early return to work. The interaction of perceived physical workload with time suggests that perceived physical workload would increasingly hamper return to work and, hence, supports the need for workplace interventions among workers off work for prolonged periods.
Solitary psoas muscle metastasis from renal cell carcinoma

We report a case of a very unusual presentation of a colonic carcinoma. Seven years after ileal conduit urinary diversion, a 50-yearold patient was referred to us with the symptoms of extreme diarrhea combined with recurrent infections of the upper urinary tract. Because the patient had taken antibiotics for the recurrent infections for a rather long time, a colonoscopy was performed with the intention of ruling out a pseudomembranous colitis. The examination showed an exulcerating malignant tumour in the area of the caecum. During colonoscopy, a desufflation of air through the ileal conduit occurred as a sign of the presence of a fistula between caecum and ileal conduit. Besides a right haemicolectomy, a partial resection of the ileal conduit with new implantation of both ureters was performed. As far as we know, the diagnosis of a caecal carcinoma fistulating into an ileal conduit has not yet been described in literature in the context of the assessment of watery diarrhoea combined with recurrent pyelonephritis. Aside from adenocarcinoma of the colon, a primary neoplasia of the ileal conduit is a possible differential diagnosis. There are three case reports in literature on primary adenocarcinomas in an ileal conduit. This differential diagnosis is critical for the therapy to be performed, particulary in respect to the decision whether the ileal conduit has to be completely resected or whether a partial resection is sufficient. Provided that the vascular pedicle does not belong to the perfusion area of the ileocolic artery, the ileal conduit can remain after the resection of the tumour – infiltrated part when a primary colon carcinoma is present. Otherwise, a new ileal conduit is necessary because the ileocolic artery must be ligated radically, according to the surgical oncologic criteria. When dealing with patients with ileal conduit who have experienced pyelonephritis and/or persistent watery diarrhea, it is critical to consider possible less common causes, such as a fistula between the ileal conduit and the colon.
Die therapeutische Beziehung in einem internetbasierten Programm zur Behandlung der Binge-Eating-Störung Working Alliance in Internet-Based Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder

Internetbasierte Psychotherapie bietet als niedrigschwellige Behandlungsalternative eine Reihe von Vorteilen für den Hilfesuchenden, z.B. geografische Unabhängigkeit oder reduziertes Erleben von Stigmatisierung durch Anonymität [1]. Derzeit liegt eine Vielzahl von Behandlungsprogrammen über das Internet aus den unterschiedlichsten Störungsbereichen vor, wie z.B. zur Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung [2, 3], zur komplizierten Trauer [4–6], zu Depressionen [7, 8] und Angststörungen [9, 10]. Mit der steigenden Prävalenz von Essstörungen [11] ist auch die Anzahl internetbasierter Interventionen für diese Gruppe von Störungsbildern in den vergangenen Jahren angestiegen. Ein systematisches Review konnte die Wirksamkeit von internetbasierten Behandlungsprogrammen über verschiedene Essstörungen hinweg belegen [12]. Die Patienten-Therapeuten-Beziehung gilt in herkömmlichen Therapien als einer der wichtigsten Wirkfaktoren [13]. In den letzten Jahren wurde zunehmend die therapeutische Beziehung in internetbasierten Programmen fokussiert [14]. In den meisten Studien berichteten die Teilnehmenden eine gute Beziehung zu ihrem Therapeuten [2, 3, 15–18], die mit der in Face-to-face-Therapien vergleichbar ist [17, 19]. Eine Untersuchung zur therapeutischen Beziehung in internetbasierten Verfahren zur Behandlung der Binge-EatingStörung (BES) liegt bisher nicht vor. Insgesamt variiert die Häufigkeit der Therapeutenkontakte in internetbasierten Interventionen stark von keinem Kontakt, über Kontakt nur vor der Behandlung, bis hin zu regelmäßigem Kontakt vor, während und nach der Intervention. Während die Anzahl der Kontakte aber keinen Einfluss auf die Bewertung der therapeutischen Beziehung zu haben scheint [20], hat sie einen starken Einfluss auf das Therapieoutcome, wie eine Metaanalyse [9] und ein Übersichtsartikel [21] zu internetbasierten Interventionen bei Depression herausfanden. Ob die therapeutische Beziehung ein wichtiger Prädiktor für die Wirksamkeit von OnlineTherapien ist, wird kontrovers diskutiert. Während einige Studien einen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen dieser und dem Therapieoutcome fanden [2, 3,13], konnten andere diese Beziehung nicht nachweisen. Dies galt besonders, wenn nicht die Postwerte der Messinstrumente, sondern deren Veränderungen im Verlauf der Therapie berücksichtigt wurden [15–17]. Die vorliegende Studie hatte folgende Ziele: ▶ erstmalige Untersuchung der therapeutischen Beziehung in einem internetbasierten Programm zur Behandlung der BES, ▶ Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen therapeutischer Beziehung und Therapieoutcome (Essstörungspsychopathologie, Essanfälle [EA]) und * geteilte Erstautorenschaft
A novel bioabsorbable drug‐eluting tracheal stent

Currently available silicone and metallic stents for tracheal stenosis are associated with problems of granulations, mucus trapping, and difficult removals. Our aim was to develop a novel bioabsorbable tracheal stent with mitomycin C (MMC) drug elution to circumvent such problems.
Gastrointestinal Helminthes Parasites in Sheep: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors, in and Around Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Ovine gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes parasitism in and around Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia commencing September 2011 to January 2012. A total of 406 sheep faecal samples were collected and examined using standard floatation and sedimentation techniques for the detection of GI helminthes eggs/larvae. Of these, 240 (59.11%) were positive for gastrointestinal helminth infections. Nematodes were the predominant 153(37.68%) helminthes followed by cestodes 17(4.18%) and trematodes 6(1.47%). Strongyles, Moniezia spp. , Trichuris spp. and Dictyocaulus filarial (D. filaria) were the most abundant helminthes. Cases of single and multiple infection prevalence were observed. Most of the samples were found with single infection 176(43.35%) than multiple 64(15.76%) infection prevalence. The infection rate of helminthes parasites among age groups was not statistically significant ( = 0.424; P > 0.05). Similarly, statistically significant variation in helminthes 2
Insulin-like growth factors in sheep uterine fluids: concentrations and relationship to ovine trophoblast protein-1 production during early pregnancy.

Uterine luminal fluids (ULFs) from Days 10, 12, 14, and 16 cyclic (C) and pregnant (Px) ewes were analyzed for presence of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) and other mitogenic factor(s). IGF content and non-IGF mitogenic activity were measured by IGF RIAs after removal of IGF binding proteins and by stimulatory effects on DNA synthesis of density arrested AKR-2B cells, respectively. ULF IGF-I content was not different between days, but differences in IGF-I between C and Px groups at Day 16 (C greater than Px) were found (p less than 0.05). ULF IGF-II content was not different between C and Px ewes; however, differences among days (p less than 0.01) were apparent. In both C and Px ewes, Day 14 ULF had highest IGF-II content (C: 4.60 +/- 0.98 ng/ml, Px: 5.39 +/- 1.38 ng/ml). In Day 12 and Day 14 (C and Px) ULF, IGF-II concentration was about 10-fold greater than that of IGF-I. AKR-2B mitogenic activity in ULF differed among days (p less than 0.01), but not between C and Px ewes. Highest activity was observed for Day 14 and Px ULF, whereas lowest activity was for Day 10 C and Day 16 Px ULF. Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration chromatography of ULF from Day 14 Px ewes demonstrated mitogenic activity in the column void volume fractions and in the 30-kDa size range of eluted proteins. Day 13 conceptuses were cultured in serum-free medium to define the effect of exogenous IGFs on ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) secretion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Control of parallel connected inverters in stand-alone AC supply systems

A scheme for controlling parallel connected inverters in a stand-alone AC supply system is presented. A key feature of this scheme is that it uses only those variables which can be measured locally at the inverter, and does not need communication of control signals between the inverters. This feature is important in high reliability uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, and in large DC power sources connected to an AC distribution system. Real and reactive power sharing between inverters can be achieved by controlling two independent quantities at the inverter: the power angle and the fundamental inverter voltage magnitude. <<ETX>>
From Micro to Meso: Critical Steps in Conceptualizing and Conducting Multilevel Research

Although interest in multilevel organizational theory, research, and methods has been on the rise in recent years, vigorous debates in the literature regarding appropriate ways to conceptualize and measure multilevel constructs, justify aggregation, and analyze multilevel models have contributed to confusion. New investigators interested in testing multilevel theory are intrigued, but wary. The goal of this article is to cut through the confusion, identifying the critical choices and issues a researcher may confront as he or she shifts from a single level to a multilevel perspective. The authors address four primary choices—construct and measurement issues, model specification, research design and sampling, and data analyses— describing critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research.
Using an undertaker's data to assess changing patterns of mortality and their consequences in Swaziland

This paper measures AIDS mortality using routinely collected data from one of two nationally operating undertakers in Swaziland. The business recorded a marked increase in the number of deaths it handled between 1998 and 2002, most obvious in the 0–4 and 20–49 age categories. Cost data reflects this increase in mortality. Prices for funerals and coffins have declined in real terms. Recorded causes of death were of little use in determining the extent of AIDS mortality. This was due to stigma and denial, the relatively small number of people dying in hospitals and lack of accurate reporting of medical diagnoses. Key informant interviews were done to support the undertaker's data and determine how families bear the burden of burying deceased relatives. Despite a disproportionate increase in deaths in certain age categories and evidence of worsening poverty, funerals remain large and elaborate affairs.
Epidermal UV-A absorbance and whole-leaf flavonoid composition in pea respond more to solar blue light than to solar UV radiation.

Plants synthesize phenolic compounds in response to certain environmental signals or stresses. One large group of phenolics, flavonoids, is considered particularly responsive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, here we demonstrate that solar blue light stimulates flavonoid biosynthesis in the absence of UV-A and UV-B radiation. We grew pea plants (Pisum sativum cv. Meteor) outdoors, in Finland during the summer, under five types of filters differing in their spectral transmittance. These filters were used to (1) attenuate UV-B; (2) attenuate UV-B and UV-A < 370 nm; (3) attenuate UV-B and UV-A; (4) attenuate UV-B, UV-A and blue light; and (5) as a control not attenuating these wavebands. Attenuation of blue light significantly reduced the flavonoid content in leaf adaxial epidermis and reduced the whole-leaf concentrations of quercetin derivatives relative to kaempferol derivatives. In contrast, UV-B responses were not significant. These results show that pea plants regulate epidermal UV-A absorbance and accumulation of individual flavonoids by perceiving complex radiation signals that extend into the visible region of the solar spectrum. Furthermore, solar blue light instead of solar UV-B radiation can be the main regulator of phenolic compound accumulation in plants that germinate and develop outdoors.