Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Existence, Numbers, and Location of the Accessory Infraorbital Foramen

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the frequency of existence, numbers, and location of the accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF). In a PubMed search, 166 articles resulted using the term infraorbital foramen (IOF). The abstracts were read, and 15 full-text articles were reviewed. Among them, 13 articles were analyzed.The frequency of the skull containing the AIOF varied (0.8%–27.3%). The overall frequency of the skull having AIOF was 16.9% ± 8.6% (17.0% ± 9.4% in dry skulls and 15.8% ± 3.6% in cadavers). Most (92.2%) of the AIOF were located on the superomedial side of the IOF, whereas 5 (7.8%) were located inferomedially. The AIOFs were found in similar frequency according to the laterality (right, 42.7%; left, 45%; bilateral, 12%; P = 0.794 [binominal test]). The frequency of the AIOF varied according to latitude. Skulls collected greater than 60 degrees had a higher frequency of an AIOF (28.7%) than between 30 and 60 degrees (19.0%) or less than 30 degrees (18.2%) (P = 0.000 [Pearson Chi-squared test], P = 0.000 [trend test]). There was a positive correlation between latitude and frequency of AIOF (y = 0.062x + 18.02, Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.140, P = 0.000). During anesthetization of the infraorbital area or in surgical maneuvering in the maxillofacial region, surgeons should remember the frequency of the AIOF (16.9% ± 8.6%) and its location (92.2% at the superomedial side of the IOF).
Effiziente Simulation der Dynamik mechatronischer Systeme für industrielle Anwendungen

Das vorliegende Dokument dient als Dokumentation einiger theoretischer Grundlagen und Design-Ideen des Mehrkorper-Simulationsprogramms SIMPACK (Version 7.9), die auch heute noch gultig sind. Insbesondere wird die Integration der MKS-Simulation in den CAE-Entwicklungsprozes und die daraus entstehenden Problematiken an die numerischen Methoden sowie die Ruckwirkung auf die MKS-Formalismen behandelt. Es erfolgt eine detailierte Beschreibung von theoretischen und softwaretechnischen Entwicklungen auf den unterschiedlichen Ebenen des gesamten Berechnungsprozesses und eine Bewertung in Bezug auf ihre Effizienzsteigerung.
SEROEPIZOOTIOLOGY OF SELECTED INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS IN FREE-LIVING BIRDS OF PREY IN GERMANY

Four hundred forty-eight blood plasma samples from free-living birds of prey from Berlin and the Brandenburg area in eastern Germany were tested for antibodies against New-castle disease virus (NDV), falcon herpesvirus (FHV), owl herpesvirus (OHV), and Chlamydia psittaci. Antibodies to NDV were detected in 6 (2%) of 346 tested diurnal birds of prey, whereas none of the owls (n = 55) was positive. The positive samples originated from two common buzzards (Buteo buteo), three ospreys (Pandion haliactus) and one marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus). Titers varied between 1:8 and 1:32. Of 253 birds of prey one osprey (<1%) tested positive for antibodies to FHV with low titer of 1:6. This is the first detection of antibodies against FHV in an osprey. Furthermore, antibodies against OHV could be found in one tawny owl (Strix aluco) and one common buzzard (2 of 253, 1%) with low titers of 1:6. Of 422 birds of prey 267 (63%) tested positive for antibodies to Chlamydia psittaci with titers varying between 1:5 and 1: 256 which reflects the ubiquitous occurrence of Chlamydia psittaci in these birds of prey.
Training peers to tutor: evaluation of a tutor training package for primary learning disabled students.

Peer tutoring—academic instruction given by a student to a same-aged classmate—can be a cost-effective way of providing needed instruction in the typical classroom where one teacher must deal with many students of varying ability levels. This study evaluated an instructional package as a training method for increasing the use of selected tutoring behaviors by peer tutors. Nine male students, aged 7 to 9 years, from a learning disabilities resource room served as subjects; four subjects served as tutors, four as students, and one as a generalization student who was assigned to all tutors during generalization testing. Subjects were assigned to tutor-student pairs based on their performances on a pretest of the 220 Dolch Basic Sight Words, with the subjects scoring highest on the pretest serving as tutors. Each tutor worked with his assigned student throughout the study, except for pre- and posttest sessions with the generalization student. During daily sessions, tutors trained their students to recognize sight words using 10 flash cards, each with 1 of the Dolch words printed on it. Training was conducted with all four tutors in a group and was evaluated using a multiple baseline design across three classes of tutoring behaviors: Preparation Behaviors, Prompting Behaviors, and Praising Behaviors. Training consisted of: (a) verbal instructions on how to perform the tutoring behaviors; (b) charts illustrating the appropriate tutoring behaviors with stick figures; (c) role playing with each tutor with the experimenter playing the part of the student and giving feedback and verbal reinforcement to the tutor for performance of the appropriate tutoring behaviors; and (d) verbal testing of each tutor by asking him to state orally the behaviors he was to perform. Training sessions took approximately 30 minutes for each of the 3 classes of tutoring behaviors. Results showed an increased use of tutoring behaviors by tutors as a function of the instructional package. Increases in tutoring behaviors were also observed during postintervention generalization testing of tutors instructing their regular student in new subject matter (math). Data taken from pre-, mid-, and postintervention testing of the 220 Dolch Words showed an increase of identifiable sight words by both students and tutors after completing the peer tutoring program. This study demonstrates that a simple tutor training package can be employed to teach young, special education students to serve as effective tutors for their peers. In addition, the academic gains evidenced by the subjects lend positive support to the effectiveness of peer tutoring programs and specifically to the research of Dineen, Clark, and Risley (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1977, 10, 231–238) which demonstrated the educational benefits of tutoring incurred by the tutor as well as by the student.
Wafer-Level Vacuum Sealing by Coining of Wire Bonded Gold Bumps

This paper reports on the investigation of a novel room-temperature vacuum sealing method based on compressing wire bonded gold bumps which are placed to partially overlap the access ports into the cavity. The bump compression, which is done under vacuum, causes a material flow into the access ports, thereby hermetically sealing a vacuum inside the cavities. The sealed cavity pressure was measured by residual gas analysis to 8×10-4 mbar two weeks after sealing. The residual gas content was found to be mainly argon, which indicates the source as outgassing inside the cavity and no measurable external leak. The seals are found to be mechanically robust and easily implemented by the use of standard commercial tools and processes.
Impact of membrane oxygenators on pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion in a neonatal model

We investigated the effects of two new hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators, the Capiox SX10 and the Lilliput 901, on pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion in an in vitro model designed to simulate a 3 kg infant. The experiments were divided into eight groups (six pulsatile and two nonpulsatile), according to the equipment and settings used. Each group included six tests. In all experiments, the pseudo-patient’s mean arterial pressure was 40 mmHg, and the pump flow rate was 550 ml/min. During pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass, the pump’s base flow was set at 30%, and the pump rate was set at 80, 100, 120, 140, or 150 beats/min. The PUMP START and PUMP STOP timing points were adjusted to produce different pulse-width settings. We were especially interested in evaluating the pre- and postoxygenator extracorporeal circuit pressure (ECP), the oxygenator pressure drop, and the precannula ECP. When used with a pulsatile roller pump, the Capiox produced a significantly lower preoxygenator ECP than the Lilliput (p < 0.001); moreover, the Capiox yielded a significantly lower oxygenator pressure drop (p < 0.001). During nonpulsatile perfusion, the Capiox again produced a lower preoxygenator ECP than the Lilliput (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the Capiox may be more suitable than the Lilliput when the pulsatile flow is employed, and pulsatile flow does not increase the ECP with either oxygenator.
Surgeon-Operated In-Office Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective: Few investigators have evaluated whether ultrasonography operated by a surgeon during a patient’s clinic visit is capable of obtaining a similar degree of accuracy as magnetic resonance imaging in regard to the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears and lesions of the biceps tendon. The purpose of this study was to clarify the accuracy of in-office ultrasonography for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: One hundred and three patients (105 shoulders) with a clinical diagnosis of impingement and suspected rotator cuff tear, who subsequently underwent arthroscopic surgery were retrospectively enrolled in this study, including 7 males with 89 shoulders, and 33 females with 33 shoulders, and their mean age was 60.9 years (range, 30 to 83 years). The subjects were examined using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging within three months pre-operatively per normal practice of the outpatient clinic. The two modalities were then compared to the reference standard, arthroscopic findings. Results: Intra-operatively, 79 full-thickness and 15 partial-thickness rotator cuff tears were found. The agreement between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of rotator cuff tears was statistically good; observed degree of agreement was 87% with Kappa coefficient of 0.73. Ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 100% for full-thickness tears, and a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 91% for partial-thickness tears. The agreement of the two modalities for diagnosis of lesions of the biceps tendon was also good; observed degree of agreement was 93% with Kappa coefficient of 0.76. In addition, ultrasonography showed comparable accuracy for classifying the size of rotator cuff tears to that of magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Surgeon-operated in-office ultrasonography is an appropriate technique for the assessment of rotator cuff tears with a comparable sensitivity and specificity to that of magnetic resonance imaging.
Substance Use Disorders Among Danish Physicians: An Explorative Study of the Professional Socialization and Management of Colleagues With Substance Use Disorders

Aim:This study has 2 aims. Firstly, we explore and analyze the associations between physicians’ unhealthy substance use and various work-cultural and social aspects; secondly, we describe how substance use disorder (SUD defined as by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test [DUDIT]) among colleagues is managed and how physicians seek help. Method:During the spring of 2014, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as an anonymous electronic survey among a randomly weighted sample of medical specialists, junior hospital doctors, and general practitioners in Denmark. A total of 4000 physicians (approximately 1333 from each group) were sampled, and 1943 responded (49%). The survey included the AUDIT, the DUDIT, and questions on health and psychological issues. Results:Among the physicians in our study, 18.3% had an AUDIT exceeding 8 (hazardous or harmful alcohol use) and 3.2% had a DUDIT exceeding 1. Of these, 12.9% reported that their substance use had negative consequences for their social networks, and 34% to 42% reported no openness about substance use at their workplace. In total, 4 physicians (1%) of the 383 physicians with risky substance use reported to have been in regular treatment for SUDs. Most of the physicians with an unhealthy consumption of substances (78%) reported that it was irrelevant for them to seek help. Half of them reported that they had limited or insufficient knowledge of SUD. Around 55% of the physicians would encourage colleagues with SUDs to seek treatment. Conclusions:Around 50% of physicians reported that their “SUD knowledge” was relevant, but limited or not satisfactory. One-third never experienced openness about SUD at work. More than half wished to encourage a colleague with SUD to seek treatment. Three quarters of the physicians with unhealthy substance use reported that they found it irrelevant to seek help.
Effects of caging type and animal source on the development of foot lesions in Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Retrospective analysis of data from a chronic (2-year) rat (Rattus norvegicus) carcinogenicity study was performed to compare the incidence of foot lesion development relative to cage type and animal supplier. Groups of rats from two different suppliers were housed in wire-bottom or polycarbonate cages. Clinical observations and body weights were collected. Data were analyzed to determine foot lesion occurrence, time to onset of foot lesions, and body weight change over time. Noteworthy abnormalities of the plantar surface of the hind foot (i.e., ulcers or nodular swellings) were more common in heavier rats than in lighter animals of the same sex (but different source), and abnormalities were more common in rats housed in wire cages than polycarbonate cages. However, despite differences in weight, cage type, and supplier, lesions were not found until the rats had been housed for more than 1 year.
Different monocyte reaction patterns in newly diagnosed, untreated rheumatoid arthritis and lupus patients probably confer disparate C-reactive protein levels.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the different capacities of monocytes to produce cytokines in newly diagnosed, untreated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus and to examine the possible correlation among serum C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines, swollen joint counts, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) in untreated RA patients. METHODS Monocytes from untreated RA or lupus patients were cultured in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, as bacterial infection) or immune complexes (as endogenous immune deviation) and supernatants were collected for cytokine determination. Sera from RA patients were assayed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 beta, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). These cytokines were related to serum CRP, swollen joint counts, and ESR. RESULTS RA monocytes uniformly produced IL-6, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or IL-10 in vitro. In contrast, lupus monocytes could be divided into two subsets: (i) monocytes which produce cytokines on LPS stimulation but not on challenging with immune complexes; and (ii) monocytes which, interestingly, generate cytokines on stimulation by immune complexes but not LPS. These cytokines in turn stimulate the liver to synthesize CRP differently in the SLE subsets and RA patients. Moreover, serum IL-1ra levels correlated significantly with serum IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha concentrations (p = 0.005, 0.008, or 0.040, respectively), but not with IL-10 (p = 0.582) in RA patients. CONCLUSIONS Two lupus subsets exist that react either to LPS or immune complexes to produce CRP-inducing cytokines, in contrast to homogeneous RA monocytes. This is the first report that different reaction patterns of CRP-inducing cytokine production in RA and lupus monocytes probably underlie the high CRP levels in RA versus low heterogeneity in lupus. The correlation of serum IL-1ra levels with serum IL-6, IL-1 beta, or TNF-alpha concentrations, and the borderline correlation of the former with CRP levels, demonstrate that IL-1ra is an acute phase reactant in RA as well as in SLE patients.
Computational Geometry (Dagstuhl Seminar 11111)

This report documents the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 11111 ``Computational Geometry''. The Seminar gathered fifty-three senior and younger researchers from various countries in the unique atmosphere offered by Schloss Dagstuhl. Abstracts of talks are collected in this report as well as a list of open problems.
Bcl-2 Facilitates Recovery from DNA Damage after Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is a major factor affecting the brain during aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the mechanisms by which neurons can be protected from oxidative stress, therefore, is critical for the prevention and treatment of such degeneration. Previous studies have shown that bcl-2 expression is increased in neurons with DNA damage in AD and bcl-2 has an antioxidant effect. The goal of this study is to document the effects of oxidative insults on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in PC12 cells and determine the extent to which bcl-2 prevents damage or facilitates repair. Using extralong PCR to amplify nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, the time course of DNA damage and repair was determined. Within minutes after exposure of cells to low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, significant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage was evident. Mitochondrial DNA was damaged to a greater degree than nuclear DNA. Expression of bcl-2 in PC12 cells inhibited nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside)- and peroxynitrite-induced cell death. Although oxidative insults caused both genomic and mitochondrial DNA damage in cells expressing bcl-2, recovery from DNA damage was accelerated in these cells. These results suggest that neuronal up-regulation of bcl-2 may facilitate DNA repair after oxidative stress.
Marker Genotype Imputation in a Low‐Marker‐Density Panel with a High‐Marker‐Density Reference Panel: Accuracy Evaluation in Barley Breeding Lines

We evaluated a strategy in which the scores of markers untyped in a low-density experimental panel were imputed on the basis of data from a high-density reference panel, in its application to whole-genome genotyping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding lines. Using a barley core set consisting of 98 lines genotyped with 3205 markers (high-density reference panel), we imputed marker scores untyped in 863 barley breeding lines genotyped with 1330 common markers (low-density experimental panel). In repeated analyses, the scores of one common marker were masked in the experimental panel, and then imputed as an untyped marker. Imputation accuracy was evaluated by comparing imputed scores with true ones. The correct imputation rate was >0.9 in 92% of markers. The square of correlation coefficient between true genotypes and mean imputed genotypes was >0.6 in 90% of the markers. Factors affecting imputation accuracy were minor allele frequency, linkage disequilibrium with neighbor common markers, minimum distance to the closest common marker, and degree of differentiation among subpopulations. Actual quantitative trait loci (QTL) would be unobserved in both reference and experimental panels. Markers masked in both panels to mimic this situation sometimes showed larger correlation to imputed markers than to typed common markers, indicating that imputation can sometimes capture the variation of unknown QTL better than the genotypes of common markers.
Signaling Threshold Regulation by the Ras Effector IMP*

The Ras effector and E3 ligase family member IMP (impedes mitogenic signal propagation) acts as a steady-state resistor within the Raf-MEK-ERK kinase module. IMP concentrations are directly regulated by Ras, through induction of autoubiquitination, to permit productive Raf-MEK complex assembly. Inhibition of Raf-MEK pathway activation by IMP occurs through the inactivation of KSR, a scaffold/adapter protein that couples activated Raf to its substrate MEK1. The capacity of IMP to inhibit signal propagation through Raf to MEK is, in part, a consequence of disrupting KSR1 homo-oligomerization and c-Raf-B-Raf hetero-oligomerization. These observations suggest that IMP functions as a threshold modulator, controlling sensitivity of the cascade to stimulus by directly limiting the assembly of functional KSR1-dependent Raf-MEK complexes.
Preliminary Results of Double Nerve Transfer to Restore Elbow Flexion in Upper Type Brachial Plexus Palsies

Background: Restoration of elbow flexion is the main objective in the treatment of brachial plexus palsies affecting the upper roots. Transfer of the ulnar nerve to the nerve of the biceps has given satisfactory results, but the restored biceps is often weak in cases with avulsions of the C5-C6-C7 roots, in elderly patients, and after long preoperative delays. The authors decided to investigate a double nerve transfer: one or more fascicles of the ulnar nerve to the nerve to the biceps and a fascicle of the median nerve to the motor branch to the brachialis muscle. Methods: The authors operated on 15 patients using this technique. The authors have follow-up of more than 6 months in 10 of them. Six had C5-C6 injuries, three had C5-C6-C7 palsies, and one had sustained an infraclavicular injury. The average age was 27.2 years. The average delay before surgery was 6.6 months. The average follow-up was 12.1 months. Results: Grade 4 elbow flexion was restored in each of the 10 patients. In 10 cases, the patients were able to lift 1 to 5 kg. There was no secondary deficit in grip strength or sensation. Conclusions: The results of this technique compare favorably with those of other methods. The percentage of success and the strength of elbow flexion restored were increased without any morbidity. This technique will probably reduce the need for secondary procedures to augment elbow flexion. The authors propose double nerve transfer as a standard procedure in C5-C6 and C5-C6-C7 injuries.
Cystometry in infants and children with no apparent voiding symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate bladder function in infants and children with no apparent voiding symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 83 infants and children (51 boys and 32 girls, aged 3 days to 12 years) with no neurological and lower urinary tract pathology but who had undergone or were about to undergo surgery for upper urinary tract or other pathology. They were evaluated using slow-filling cystometry, with simultaneous electromyography recorded using surface electrodes on the perineum. The voiding variables were compared among groups categorized by age, sex and body weight. RESULTS In boys and girls, respectively, the mean (SD) post-void residual urine volume (PVR) was 6.3 (3.9) and 5.4 (4.8) mL, the maximum detrusor pressure during voiding was 66.1 (13.1) and 56.6 (14.7) cmH2O and the maximum voiding pressure was 73.9 (16.6) and 62.7 (16.2) cmH2O. There was no significant difference in these variables between the sexes or between infants and children (P > 0.05). Detrusor instability (DI) was apparent in nine of 83 (10.8%) infants and children and occurred in the late filling phase. Bladder capacity increased with age and body weight (from 30 mL in neonates to 350 mL in 12-year-old children), and mean (SD) bladder compliance increased with age, from 3.6 (0.5) mL/cmH2O in infants to 13.3 (3.0) mL/cmH2O in older children, at a filling rate of 5-7 mL/min. CONCLUSIONS In these infants and children with no apparent voiding symptoms, most bladders were stable, DI could occur in the late filling phase of cystometry, voiding was nearly complete, the PVR being usually < 10 mL, and bladder capacity increased with age and body weight.