Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rules and Discovery in the Retention and Retrieval of Braille Inkprint Letter Pairs

The effects of rule knowledge were investigated using Braille inkprint pairs. Both recognition and recall were studied in three groups of subjects: rule knowledge, rule discovery, and no rule. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that the group exposed to the rule would sore better than would a discovery group and a control group; and (2) that all three groups would have higher scores on the recognition task than on the recall task. Subjects included 119 undergraduate students randomly divided into three groups. Members o_ the rule knowledge group were told the underlying pattern in the braille alphabet, and their worksheets reflected this pattern. Members of the discovery group were not told the underlying pattern, although their worksheets allowed discovery of the rule. Members of the control group were not told about the pattern, and their worksheets were arranged to make discovery extremely unlikely. Subjects were asked to store and retrieve 26 specific dot pattern-inkprint letter pairs. The results indicate that the rule knowledge group outperformed the other two groups, but there was no difference between the recall and recognition performance. Results are discussed in relation to current models of rule learning and differences between recognition and recall procedures. Two data tables, one bar graph, and four sample worksheets are provided. (RLC) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U $ DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office al Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 114-his document has been reproduced as received from the Person or organization Originating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view Or 01341110nS slated on this docu ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY -3/9A); G I. 1. EA)6057 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" The Effect of Rules and Discovery in the Retention and Retrieval of Braille Inkprint Letter Pairs Daniel L. Nagengest David Tiberio Scott W. Brown University of Connecticut Running head: BRAILLE PAIRS Paper presented at the 1990 New England Educational Research Organization Conference, Rockrrt, Maine, May 1990
Tracing cool molecular gas and star formation on ∼100 pc scales within a z ∼ 2.3 galaxy

We present new, high-angular resolution interferometric observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array of 12CO J = 1−0 line emission and 4–8 GHz continuum emission in the strongly lensed, z = 2.3 submillimetre galaxy, SMM J21352-0102. Using these data, we identify and probe the conditions in ∼100 pc clumps within this galaxy, which we consider to be potential giant molecular cloud complexes, containing up to half of the total molecular gas in this system. In combination with far-infrared and submillimetre data, we investigate the far-infrared/radio correlation, measuring qIR = 2.39 ± 0.17 across SMM J21352. We search for variations in the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) throughout the galaxy by measuring the spatially resolved qIR and radio spectral index, αradio, finding ranges qIR =[2.1, 2.6] and αradio = [−1.5, −0.7]. We argue that these ranges in αradio and qIR may reflect variations in the age of the ISM material. Using multi-J 12CO data, we quantitatively test a recent theoretical model relating the star formation rate surface density to the excitation of 12CO, finding good agreement between the model and the data. Lastly, we study the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation, both integrated across the system and within the individual clumps. We find small offsets between SMM J21352 and its clumps relative to other star-forming galaxy populations on the Schmidt–Kennicutt plot – such offsets have previously been interpreted as evidence for a bi-modal star formation law, but we argue that they can be equally well explained as arising due to a combination of observational uncertainties and systematic biases in the choice of model used to interpret the data.
Mapping Resident Perceptions of Gaming Impact

This article explores Macao residents’ perceptions of the impact of gaming development at a significant time in Macao’s long experience with gaming, just after the end in 2002 of the 70-year-old monopoly system for the gaming sector and the introduction of new casino operators into the market. Principal components analysis, cluster analysis, and analyses of variance were used to understand the dimensionality of perceptions of gaming impact and differences among subgroups of gender, age, income, educational background, and marital status. The results could help the authorities and gaming operators to understand the perceived costs and benefits to residents regarding different dimensions of gaming impact and to design appropriate promotional messages to reinforce or alter resident perceptions about gaming. The findings led to the conceptualization of a gaming impact perception matrix (GIPM), creating a perception typology based on cost-benefit perceptions of gaming development in different time periods. An attempt was made to apply the typology with current theories of tourism development.
Correlations between Plasma Levels of Sex Steroids and Spermatogenesis during the Sexual Cycle of the Chub, Leuciscus cephalus L. (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

Analyses of biometric data, plasma steroids levels, and gonadal morphology allowed us to define the sexual cycle of the cyprinid fish, the chub, Leuciscus cephalus, which is widely distributed in European rivers. Four physiological gonadal phases were defined: 1) stasis (Dec.~Feb.); 2) recovery (Mar.~Apr.); 3) spawning (May~June); and 4) post-spawning (July~Nov.). Specific changes in plasma sex hormone levels were found to occur during the different phases of gonadal development. Plasma androgen levels presented a biphasic profile, with peaks corresponding to the end of the stasis phase (Feb.) and during the spawning phase (June). High levels of estradiol-17β were detectable from the early recovery phase (Apr.) to the late spawning phase (June). Their possible roles in gonadal activity are discussed and compared with observations on reproduction in the chub in other areas of their European distribution.
'For the Love of the Republic' Education, Religion, and Empowerment in Turkey

We assess the religious and social impacts of female schooling in Turkey using a law change in compulsory schooling. The law, implemented in 1998, bound individuals born after a specic date to 8 years of schooling while those born earlier could drop out after 5 years. This allows the implementation of a Regression Discontinuity Design and the estimation of meaningful causal estimates of schooling. Using a dataset of married Turkish women in 2008, we nd large reducing eects of a year of schooling on expressions of religiosity, such as the habit of wearing a headscarf, attending Qur’anic courses, and regular prayer. Parallel to these, we also document a partial empowerment eect, whereby women are more likely to make marriage decisions themselves, less likely to marry under the legal age, and to experience better household characteristics. A noteworthy non-result is the lack of clear eects on female labor force participation. On one hand, we show that returns to schooling in terms of women’s status and living conditions may be substantial even when labor-related returns are not. In particular, our results are consistent with education allowing social mobility out of religiously conservative environments for the poor and pious; with women more independently choosing richer, and more educated husbands outside the family circle. On the other hand, however, we also document the absence of commensurate impacts for the country’s large ethnolinguistic minorities. An evaluation of the education reform thus needs to weigh its average empowering eects against increased inequality across ethnolinguistic groups.
Intelligence Elements and Performance of the FPGA-based DAQ of the COMPASS Experiment

Using FPGA technology for event building tasks in high-energy physics experiments reduces costs and increases reliability of DAQ systems. In 2014, the COMPASS experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN commissioned a novel, intelligent, FPGA-based DAQ in which event building is entirely performed by FPGA cards. The highly scalable system is designed to cope with an on-spill data rate of 1.5 GB/s and a sustained data rate of 500 MB/s. Its intelligent and highly reliable hardware event builder is able to handle and detect front-end errors and automatically take corrective action. In September 2017, it reached an uptime of 99.63%. The paper gives an overview of system details, performance, and running experience.
Loyalty Programs and Consumer Behaviour: The Impact of FFPs on Consumer Surplus

Frequent Flier Programs (FFPs) are said to impact airline consumer behaviour such that revenue of sponsoring airlines increases. Prior research relies on aggregate industry data to study FFPs. We examine the impact of FFPs on individual consumer behaviour in a quasi-natural experimental set-up using a combined discrete choice and count data model. We exploit an unanticipated change in the FFP to avoid self-selection bias. We derive the causal effect of redesigning a frequency reward program into a customer tier program on average transaction size, purchase frequency, revenues of the sponsoring airline, and compensating variation. We find that, on average, revenues increased by 8$ per member over a 16 month period. The welfare impact is small but positive. We find that, on average, consumer surplus increased by 5$ per member over a 16 month period. The results vary su bstantially across individuals. In line with previous studies, our results suggest that moderate buyers increase their average transaction size and purchase frequency most due to the introduction of the customer tier program.
Does it matter how much land your neighbour owns? The functioning of land markets in Poland from a social comparison perspective. Factor Markets Working Document No. 59, August 2013

While many factors have been studied in relation to the functioning of land markets, the role of land distribution has received relatively little attention. In this paper, we ask to what extent farmers’ propensity to buy land is related to the difference between them and their neighbours in terms of land ownership. To this end, we employ the concept of relative deprivation. Drawing on micro-level data from the transition period in Poland and using both OLS and instrumental variables strategy, we find that interpersonal comparisons with others in one’s reference group may have motivated a farmer’s behaviour in the land market. In particular, the propensity to purchase land is positively associated with experiencing higher relative deprivation. In addition, this relationship waned over time in a predictable manner: late in the transition period it was weaker than at the beginning of the period.
Investment Portfolios and Human Wealth

The optimal proportion of a household's investment portfolio that should be in risky assets such as stocks depends on what proportion of total wealth, including human wealth, the investment portfolio represents. This article estimates the total wealth of households in the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances, and finds that financial assets represent less than 2% of the total wealth of most households. Only the elderly are likely to have investment portfolios representing a high proportion of total wealth.
Radiometric Ages of Basalts from DSDP Leg 43: Sites 382 and 385 (New England Seamounts), 384 (J-Anomaly), 386 and 387 (Central and Western Bermuda Rise)

Ar/Ar and conventional K-Ar dating techniques were employed to determine the age of basalts recovered on Leg 43 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), and the results were compared with paleontologic ages of sediments immediately overlying basement. As all of the samples are moderately altered, their radiometric ages must be regarded as minimums. Ages from basaltic clasts recovered from the volcaniclastic breccia at Site 382 on Nashville Seamount range from 79 ±4 m.y. to 88.3 ±5.7 m.y. The latter is the crystallization age of hornblende in the basalt. This date compares favorably with a 91-95 m.y. age predicted by extrapolation of sediment accumulation rates. Breccia clasts at Site 385 on Vogel Seamount range from 38.3 ±15 m.y. to 91.2 ±3 m.y. , the younger ages being the product of extreme weathering of the basalt, and the older the crystallization age of phyric hornblende. Extrapolation of sedimentation rates suggests a 75.5 to 77.5 m.y. age for the top of the lower breccia unit. A basaltic sill drilled at Site 385, which yields a 21.0 ±3 m.y. age, is geochemically similar to another Miocene sill recovered at DSDP Site 10. On the basis of two holes along the New England seamount chain, volcanism appears to have been simultaneous, but a migratory hot spot character cannot be ruled out. Basalt recovered at Site 384 on the /-Anomaly Ridge yields Ar/ Ar and K-Ar ages of 88 ±5 m.y. and 106 ±4 m.y. , respectively. Nannofossil assemblages suggest the basement contact to be M04107 m.y. old. The radiometric age of altered basalt at Site 386 on the central Bermuda Rise ranges from 110 ±20 m.y. to 153 ±18 m.y. ; our best estimate of absolute basement age is 125 ±25 m.y. Unbaked sapropelic clay overlying the basalt has been paleontologically dated as 106 to 112 m.y. old. Site 387 on the western Bermuda Rise also yielded hydrothermally altered basalt, making radiomet¬ ric dating difficult. A gas retention age of 126 ±20 m.y. is suggested. Baked sediment within the basalt accurately dates this sill as 128133 m.y. old. True basement is probably contemporaneous. The sediment ages support the Larson-Pitman fast-spreading episode in the mid-Cretaceous for the western North Atlantic basin.
The response of Calanus finmarchicus populations to climate variability in the Northwest Atlantic: basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is associated with decadal-scale forcing of climate and physical oceanography throughout the North Atlantic. Oceanographers have recently established correlations between the NAO and various processes at work in the shelf ecosystems of the NE Atlantic, correlations that have led them to suggest several hypotheses explaining the mechanistic basis of ecosystem and population responses to the NAO. Here, we incorporate these ideas into a new conceptual framework for interpreting the responses of shelf ecosystems to climate variability on both sides of the North Atlantic. This conceptual framework, contrasting the relative importance of internal ecological dynamics versus advective exchange processes, is used to examine the trans-Atlantic responses of Calanus finmarchicus populations to the NAO. We conclude by proposing an NAO-based explanation for the trends in C. finmarchicus abundance observed from 1961 to 1989 on the NW Atlantic Shelf.
Government debt management: challenges and perspectives

The article examines the current tendencies of the government indebtedness in the world. It proves the rapid growth of the government debt in the different countries around the world after the 2008–2009 financial crisis and analyzes the reasons for government debt increase in particular countries and its consequences. The study is devoted to the research of the government debt in developed and developing countries. Particular attention is paid to the government debt of Japan, the USA, the European Union countries. In the article, the government debt of Ukraine, its tendencies, and consequences for the economy are analyzed. The state borrowings in Ukraine are often used for financing the servicing and payment of the existing debt. Government debt can be an important investment source and used for the development of the economies. But in the conditions of its rapid and unlimited growth, government indebtedness can be a burden for the economy.
Comparative Genomic Insights Into the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Mycobacterial Siderophores

Iron is essential for nearly all biological events. Siderophores are indispensable for most organisms to obtain iron from iron-limiting milieus. This holds particularly true for pathogens such as the causative agent of tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The categories of mycobacterial siderophores, their biosynthesis and regulation are summarized here. The siderophore biosynthesis and regulation differences between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria are highlighted from comparative genomic perspective, with an aim to find clues for drug or drug target within siderophore metabolism.
Export-led Growth: A Case Study of Mexico

Against the backdrop of export-oriented policy reforms to Mexico’s trade regime in the mid 1980s, the present study undertakes a case study of economic growth in Mexico. Using an export-augmented neoclassical production function, the validity of the Export-led Growth Hypothesis for Mexico is also tested over the period 1960-2003. Evidence offers support for the Hypothesis in the short run; however, contrary to the Hypothesis, long-run results suggest an inverse relationship between exports and GDP. A likely explanation is the high import content and diminishing local content of exports, and weak linkages with domestic suppliers, thus reducing possible spillover or multiplier benefits. If Mexico is to succeed in its quest to achieve high and steady economic growth, current incentive schemes that allow tax-free entry of imported inputs and raw materials for export purposes must be reconsidered. Finally, policies that promote technological innovation in manufacturing and linkages with local suppliers are imperative.
The Prevalence and Etiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep and Goats

From September 2016 to August 2017, four hundred and twenty four milk samples were collected from mammary halves of 212 apparently healthy lactating animals (108 ewes and 104 does) from small private flocks in different localities at Sharkia Governorate. All samples were investigated by California mastitis test (CMT) and bacteriological examination to determine prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in sheep and goats and to estimate the mean somatic cell count (SCC) of infected milk samples with different pathogens. The prevalence rates of SCM using CMT were 44 (40.7%) in ewes [59 milk samples, (27.3%)] and 50 (48.1%) in does [62 milk samples, (29.8%)]. Furthermore, out of ewes’ and does’ milk samples examined by bacteriological culture 54 (25.0%) and 56 (26.9%) samples were bacteriologically positive, respectively. The isolated bacterial causing SCM in ewes’ milk samples were E. coli (44.4%), S. aureus (38.9%), Streptococcus spp. (27.8%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (26.0%), Citrobacter spp. (3.7%) and Enterobacter spp. (1.9%). The identified isolates from does’ milk samples were S. aureus (46.4%), E. coli (26.8%), Streptococcus spp. (25.0%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (19.6%), Citrobacter spp. (5.4%) and Enterobacter spp. (3.6%). The geometric mean of SCC of milk samples harbored major pathogens was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those harbored minor pathogens. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied on a total of 26 isolates from the most recovered species associated with mastitic milk samples of ewes and does. Suspected S. aureus, E. coli, Strep. agalactiae, Strep. dysagalactiae, and Strep. uberis isolates showed characteristic bands at 270 bp, 366 bp, 487 bp, 279 bp, and 723 bp which were specific for the used genes, respectively. In conclusion: a great attention should be directed to the early diagnosis of SCM in ewes and does.
Genotypic X Environmental Interaction of Cowpea Genotypes

Twenty four Cowpea varieties were raised at NIAB and ARRI, Faisalabad selected for plant height (42-136cm) days taken to 95 % flowering (62-79 days) and for diseases resistance (0.67- 7 rating). Infestation was maximum on IT-97K-461-4, 1068-7, IT-97K 1042-8 and IT-98k-558-1 and was graded as susceptible. Maximum grain yield was recorded in Elite (649 kg/ha) and lowest grain yield was observed in IT-95K-1156-3 (332.3 kg/ha). Yield and yield contributing characters of twenty four entries tested revealed that they differ significantly from each other. The stability parameters for 12 locations indicated that the interaction was of cross over nature because the ranking of mean seed yield at 12 locations was dissimilar except NCP-1 which stood first at all the 12 locations. Regression coefficient of the six genotypes was non significant from zero. Standard deviation to regression S 2 d was also non significant except IT-97k-1042-8 genotype Elite with second highest yield performance had 0.982 non significant value of b near to unity and non significant S 2 d almost equal to zero (0.001). In addition to Elite the highest yielding line NCp-1 also showed stability because it had non significant regression coefficient (b) value from unity and non significant standard deviation to regression (S 2 d) from zero.
Happiness matters: the role of well-being in productivity

This article is about the link between people’s subjective well-being, defined as an evaluation of one’s own life, and productivity. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that subjective well-being contributes to productivity using a two step approach: first, we establish whether subjectivewell-being can be a candidate variable to study Total Factor Productivity; second, we assess how much subjective well-being contributes to productivity at aggregate level through efficiency gains. We adopt Data Envelopment Analysis to compute total factor productivity and efficiency indices using European Social Survey and AMECO data for 20 European countries. Results show that subjective well-being is an input and not an output to production.
ArgonCube: a novel, fully-modular approach for the realization of large-mass liquid argon TPC neutrino detectors

The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber is a prime candidate detector for future neutrino oscillation physics experiments, underground neutrino observatories and proton decay searches. A large international project based on this technology is currently being considered at the future LBNF facility in the United States on the very large mass scale of 40 kton. In this document, following the long standing R&D work conducted over the last years in several laboratories in Europe and in the United States, we intend to propose a novel Liquid Argon TPC approach based on a fully-modular, innovative design, the ArgonCube. The related R&D work will proceed along two main directions; one aimed at on the assessment of the proposed modular detector design, the other on the exploitation of new signal readout methods. Such a strategy will provide high performance while being cost-effective and robust at the same time. According to our plans, we will firstly realize a detector prototype hosted in a cryostat that is already available. Then, a larger detector will be constructed and operated in the Neutrino Platform facility at CERN for a complete engineering and physics test program also employing charged particle beams for demonstrating the detection performance.