Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Strategic Interaction: Essays in Honor of Reinhard Selten

Interview with Elisabeth and Reinhard Selten. - On the State of the Art in Game Theory: An Interview with Robert Aumann. - Working with Reinhard Selten Some Recollections on Our Joint Work 1965-88. - and Survey. - Conceptual Ideas in Game Theory. - A Note on Imperfect Recall. - Futures Market Contracting When You Don't Know Who the Optimists Are. - Games of Incomplete Information: The Inconsistent Case. - Admissibility and Stability. - Equilibrium Selection in Team Games. - Sustainable Equilibria in Culturally Familiar Games. - Evolutionary Game Theory. - Evolutionary Conflict and the Design of Life. - Evolutionary Selection Dynamics and Irrational Survivors. - Strict and Symmetric Correlated Equilibria are the Distributions of the ESS's of Biological Conflicts with Asymmetric Roles. - Applications of Non-Cooperative Game Theory. - Recurring Bullies, Trembling and Learning. - Dumb Bugs vs. Bright Noncooperative Players: A Comparison. - Communication Effort in Teams and in Games. - Endogenous Agendas in Committees. - The Organization of Social Cooperation: A Noncooperative Approach. - Reinhard Selten Meets the Classics. - Equlibrium Selection in Linguistic Games: Kial Ni (Ne) Parolas Esperanton? - Relating Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Game Theory. - Are Stable Demands Vectors in the Core of Two-Sided Markets? Some Graph-Theoretical Considerations. - The Consistent Solution for Non-Atomic Games. - Finite Convergence of the Core in a Piecewise Linear Market Game. - Credible Threats of Secession, Partnership, and Commonwealths. - Principles in Behavioral Economics. - Rules for Experimenting in Psychology and Economics, and Why They Differ. - Reciprocity: The Behavioral Foundations of Socio-Economic Games. - Adaption of Aspiration Levels - Theory and Experiment. - A Model of Boundedly Rational Experienced Bargaining in Characteristic Function Games. - Theory, Field, and Laboratory: The Continuing Dialogue. - Experimental Studies. - Naive Strategies in Competitive Games. - Induction vs. Deterrence in the Chain Store Game: How Many Potential Entrants are Needed to Deter Entry. - Cooperation in Intergroup and Single-Group Prisoner's Dilemma Games. - On Styles of Relating to Bargaining Partners. - What Makes Markets Predict Well? Evidence from the Iowa Electronic Markets. - Sequencing and the Size of the Budget: Experimental Evidence. - Intertemporal Speculation under Uncertain Future Demand: Experimental Results. - Endowment Effect for Risky Assets. - List of Contributors.
Effects of external ions on the synaptic transmission from photorecptors to horizontal cells in the carp retina.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from cones and horizontal cells of the isolated carp retina and the mechanisms of synaptic transmission from cones of horizontal cells were studied by changing the ionic composition of the external medium. 2. Cones were depolarized and their light responses enhanced in low Ca high‐Mg medium. In the same medium, in which chemical transmission is suposed to be blocked, horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and their light responses disappeared. 3. When the synaptic input was removed, the membrane potential of horizontal cells agreed well with Ek. 4. In Na‐free medium both cones and horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and response disappeared. On reaplication of normal Ringer, horizontal cells showed a trenaient membrane potential reversal (inside positive), indicating that the horizontal cell has a high Na permeability under the influence of the endogenous transmitter. 5. Application of La produced little change in cones, while it strongly depolarized horizontal cells.
Orange Interventions for Symptoms Associated With Dimethyl Sulfoxide During Stem Cell Reinfusions: A Feasibility Study

Background: For over 2 decades, oncology nurses at a regional comprehensive cancer center offered sliced oranges to patients during the reinfusion of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to relieve symptoms associated with the preservative dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Objective: This randomized pilot study examined feasibility and efficacy of sliced orange intervention (OI), orange aromatherapy intervention (OAI), or deep breathing (control) to address unpleasant adverse effects during HPC infusion. Methods: Orange intervention sniffed or tasted a quartered orange, OAI sniffed orange aromatherapy, and control took deep breaths. Perceived "symptom intensity" for tickle/cough urge, nausea, retching, and perceived "relief" were measured on 0- to 10-point numerical scales. Results: Sixty of 72 eligible patients consented to participate and were randomized to OI (n = 19), OAI (n = 23), or control (n = 18). Study personnel successfully administered study procedures. Over the course of 2 bags of cells infused, the OI group reported significantly greater relief with the intervention (P = .032). Among participants less than 90 kg, OI group reported significantly lower symptom intensity (P = .012). Conclusions: Results suggest a feasible protocol and potential efficacy of sliced oranges for treating symptoms associated with DMSO-preserved stem cells. Study procedures provide a tested protocol for future studies. Follow-up study is warranted to confirm these findings and evaluate other treatment options. Implications for Practice: Oranges offer a simple, noninvasive intervention for relieving symptoms associated with DMSO preservative during autologous HPC infusion.
A Mutation in the LPAT1 Gene Suppresses the Sensitivity of fab1 Plants to Low Temperature1[OA]

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fatty acid biosynthesis1 (fab1) mutant grows as well as wild type at 22°C, but after transfer to 2°C fab1 plants cannot maintain photosynthetic function and die after 5 to 7 weeks at 2°C. A fab1 suppressor line, S7, was isolated in a screen that identified mutants that remained alive after 16 weeks at 2°C and were able to flower and produce seed after return to 22°C. Relative to wild type, S7 plants had reduced levels of 16:3 fatty acid in leaf galactolipids, indicating reduced synthesis of chloroplast glycerolipids by the prokaryotic pathway of lipid metabolism. The suppressor mutation was identified, by map-based and candidate-gene approaches, as a hypomorphic allele of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase1 (lpat1), lpat1-3. LPAT1 encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in the prokaryotic pathway. Several lines of evidence indicate that damage and death of fab1 plants at 2°C may be a result of the increased proportion of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in fab1 that are high-melting-point molecular species (containing only 16:0, 18:0, and 16:1,Δ3-trans fatty acids). Consistent with this proposal, the lpat1-3 mutation strongly affects the fatty acid composition of PG. The proportion of high-melting-point molecular species in PG is reduced from 48.2% in fab1 to 10.7% in fab1 lpat1-3 (S7), a value close to the 7.6% found in wild type.
Financial Flexibility, Performance, and the Corporate Payout Choice*

This study examines the effect of financial flexibility and the level and certainty of operating performance on the choice to change dividends, pay special dividends, and repurchase shares. Firms that increase payouts have excess financial flexibility and exhibit positive concurrent income shocks and decreases in income volatility, but there is limited evidence of subsequent performance improvements. The results are opposite for firms that cut dividends. Thus, the decision to alter payout levels appears to convey information about contemporaneous income and changes in operating risk.
A comparison of smoking habits among medical and nursing students.

OBJECTIVE The approach and credibility of future physicians and nurses as treatment providers for smoking- and tobacco-related diseases may be influenced by their smoking habits. We compared smoking habits among medical and nursing students, and examined whether these habits changed during the course of education for each cohort. METHOD Over 1,100 medical and nursing students from a university were surveyed in year 2000 using a questionnaire that included the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). RESULTS A total of 397 medical students and 126 nursing students completed the survey. Significantly fewer medical students (3.3%) smoked compared to nursing students (13.5%). Also, significantly more nursing students were former smokers (17.8%) than medical students (9.8%). The severity of nicotine dependence, as indicated by the total FTND score as well as scores on five of the six items on the FTND, was significantly lower among medical students compared to nursing students. Smoking or quit rates did not differ across class years in both groups; however, unlike nursing students, time since quitting significantly differed across class years for medical students. Although smoking habits appear to change little during the course of education for both medical and nursing students, many smokers may have quit just prior to entering medical school but not nursing school. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the continuing decline in smoking among medical students in the United States; however, increased efforts to promote tobacco education and intervention among nursing students seem necessary. Nevertheless, both groups appear to have the potential to be credible advisors to patients and public regarding smoking cessation.
Measuring customer experience in banks: scale development and validation

Purpose – The paper aims to measure customer experience in Indian banks. This study examines the 14 factors of customer experience and identifies their impact on customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, psychometric scale development procedure is followed comprising with the steps of item generation and selection, scale refinement and scale validation. A one-way ANOVA test is applied to identify the relationship between 14 experience factors and demographics of respondents. Findings – The findings of the study present a 41-item 14 factor reliable and valid customer experience scale among which “convenience” appears as the most significant among all the factors. Research limitations/implications – This study concentrates on a sector-specific scale, whereas a generalized scale that can be applied in other service sectors should be developed. In comparison with previous studies, the results of the current study provide a more absolute coverage and understanding of various touch poi.
Intellectual Capital Profiles: An Examination of Investments and Returns

Using data collected from executives in 208 organizations, this study takes a configurational approach to examine how human, social, and organizational capital coexist to form distinct intellectual capital profiles across organizations. We then examine how investments in human resource management (HRM), information technology (IT), and research and development (R&D) differ across these intellectual capital profiles and investigate differences in financial returns and Tobin's q between the profiles. Results indicate that a relatively small group of superior performing organizations exhibit high levels of human, social, and organizational capital. Most firms, however, tend to focus primarily on only one form of intellectual capital, and a small group of underperforming organizations have very low levels of all three types of intellectual capital. At a general level, HRM and IT investments appear to influence intellectual capital development more than R&D investments. More specifically, HRM investments tend to be higher in firms with profiles high in human and social capital, while IT investments are stronger in firms with profiles high in social capital. Further, HRM, IT, and R&D investments are all very high in the group of superior performing organizations that have high levels of human, social, and organizational capital.
Deaths in custody in Australia: national deaths in custody program 2008

This report analyses deaths occurring in custodial settings, such as prison and juvenile detention, as well as police custody and related operations, for the period 1980 to 2008. It does not consider deaths in detention centres under immigration legislation. Since it was established to monitor issues relevant to Indigenous people in custody as explained below; the question of the future scope of the monitoring program will be considered in a planned review of this program. Monitoring of deaths in custody began in 1992 following recommendations by the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCADIC), which was, in turn, a response to hangings and other deaths of Indigenous persons in custody in the 1980s. The purpose of monitoring deaths in custody is to provide accurate, regular information that will contribute to policy and programs that aim to reduce deaths in custody and to increase public understanding of the issues. The importance of this monitoring was again emphasised with the endorsement by the Australian and state and territory governments of the National Indigenous Law and Justice Framework to tackle serious Indigenous law and justice issues.
Rethinking the Relationship between Neo‐patrimonialism and Economic Development in Africa

Is it possible to work with the grain of neo‐patrimonial politics to boost investment and growth in Africa? Current donor orthodoxy is that neo‐patrimonialism is irredeemably bad for economic development, but evidence from other regions, together with a re‐examination of the African record itself, suggests that this may not be true. We present evidence from case studies of Kenya, Cote d'Ivoire, Malawi and Rwanda to show that provided mechanisms can be found to centralise economic rents and manage them with a view to the long term, neo‐patrimonialism can be harnessed for developmental ends.
OPTIMAL MULTI‐AGENT PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR TEAM CONTRACTS

We present a continuous‐time contracting model under moral hazard with many agents. The principal contracts many agents as a team, and they jointly produce correlated outcomes. We show the optimal contract for each agent is linear in outcomes of all other agents as well as his/her own. The structure of the optimal contract strikingly reveals that the optimal aggregate performance measure in general can be orthogonally decomposed into two statistics: one is a sufficient statistic, and the other a nonsufficient statistic. As a consequence, the optimal aggregate performance measure in general is not a sufficient statistic, unless the principal is risk neutral. We further discuss agents' optimal effort choices using a “quadratic‐cost” example, which also strikingly suggests that team contracts sometimes provide lower‐powered effort incentives than individually separate contracts do.
The impact of fund inflows on staging and investment behaviour

This article demonstrates that increased inflows of capital into private equity and venture capital funds can influence the investment behaviour of fund managers by increasing staging intensity, increasing amount per financing round, and accelerating speed of capital allocation. These changes do not appear to be related to expectations of improved investment performance. The study extends the work of Gompers and Lerner who interpret these inflows as demand pressure for venture capital securities to drive up prices during periods of high inflows. Using a unique dataset, the study examines the effects of this pressure on investment behaviour.
Host community attitudes toward tourism and cultural tourism development: The case of the Lewes District, Southern England

Increasingly research is being conducted on host community attitudes toward tourism. However, few studies have been conducted at a regional level and none have examined the attitudes of the host community towards both tourism and cultural tourism development. This paper outlines a study conducted in the Lewes District of southern England and notes that although residents are generally supportive of tourism development and cultural tourism development, there are differences in opinion concerning the perceived economic and social benefits. In particular, levels of income and proximity to the tourist centre were major influencing factors. Conclusions and recommendations are made concerning the need for tourism planners to distribute the benefits more widely and to engage residents from different socio-economic groups and localities in tourism planning and development activities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discuss Their Faith Talking About Religion: How Highly Religious Youth and Parents

can be found at: Journal of Adolescent Research Additional services and information for http://jar.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://jar.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://jar.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/23/5/611 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 30 articles hosted on the Citations
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENDOTHELIN AND NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN RAT MODEL OF POSTOBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY VASCULOPATHY

There is increasing evidence that endothelin (ET) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) may contribute various kinds of pulmonary vascular remodeling, including postobstructive pulmonary vasculopathy (POPV), which resulted from chronic ligation of unilateral pulmonary artery. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ET-1, ET-A receptor, ET-B receptor, and eNOS quantitatively in POPV rats. One month after a left thoracotomy with either left main pulmonary artery ligation (ligated group) or no ligation (control group), rat pulmonary arteries and lungs were used for Western blot analysis using specific antibodies against ET-1, ET-A receptor, ET-B receptor, and eNOS. ET-A receptor was more highly expressed in the pulmonary arteries of ligated rats compared to the control. The expression of ET-1, ET-B receptor,and eNOS was not different between ligated and control rats. These findings suggest that ET-A receptor overexpression would play a main role for pulmonary arterial remodeling in POPV rats, whereas eNOS may serve as a compensatory mediator.
A theoretical analysis of the Extended Kalman Filter for data fusion in vehicular positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) offer a great value for many location-based services and applications. However, due to their limitations in terms of coverage, continuity, accuracy and integrity, GNSS are often fused with some extra aiding sensors. To perform the data fusion of multiple sensors it is possible to find in the literature of the field a large number of approaches that claim better accuracy, efficiency in computational terms or robustness than a reference one that is given for comparison. Normally, this reference is the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the most common version of the Kalman Filter for non-linear systems. However, because sensors, tests, filter tunings, etc. vary largely from one publication to another, it is not possible in many occasions to have a clear idea of the real benefits of the different methods in fair terms. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the goodness of the EKF in loosely coupled data fusion architectures. The methodology presented can be applied to understand the limitations of different approaches for fusing multiple sensors in non-linear systems. Illustrations depict a real case with a sensor-set consisting of a GNSS, a gyro and the odometry of a road vehicle.
Vocational education and training in Australian schools: issues for practitioners

Originally a series of local initiatives, Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Schools is now largely driven by policy makers and politicians who, too frequently, fail to appreciate the challenges the reform poses to teachers, school managers and workplace coordinators. Research has identified perceptions of poor quality in training, difficulties in curriculum development, assessment and accreditation, lack of opportunities for workplace learning, inadequate delivery methodologies, sometimes profound cultural incompatibilities and resourcing issues as barriers to successful implementation. Recent research has clarified many of these issues and provided some pointers to their resolution. These challenges should not detract from the positive achievements of VET in Schools that include a range of benefits to students of a personal and vocational nature as well as a broader impact on school culture.
Widely Tunable Parametric Amplification and Pulse Train Generation by Heating a Photonic Crystal Fiber

We describe a simple technique that allows for the achievement of widely tunable parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber. This is achieved by heating the fiber and using a specific phase-matching condition in the normal dispersion regime which is highly sensitive to temperature. Experimental results show a sideband tunability of about 17 THz in the 800 nm and 1550 nm spectral bands by heating the fiber from room temperature to 500 , leading to a tuning rate of 34 . By adding a small tunable continuous-wave seed together with the pulsed pump, we further show the generation of sub-nanosecond pulses tunable around 800 nm through parametric amplification.
The Contribution of Domestic and External Factors to Emerging Market Devaluation Crises: An Early Warning Systems Approach

This paper uses Bayesian techniques to compare three definitions of optimality for the basic job search model: the standard income-maximizing definition, an approximation to the standard definition, and a simple alternative. The important role of prior choice in these comparisons is illustrated. Using natural conjugate priors to represent hypothetical samples of data, we find that the simple alternative is preferred to the standard definition of optimality. However, using priors constructed from findings in the literature, we are able to find some evidence in favor of the standard definition of optimality.
On the Behavior and Determinants of Risk-Based Capital Ratios: Revisiting the Evidence from UK Banking Institutions

Using bank-level panel data from the United Kingdom, this paper investigates the factors that influence banks' choice of risk-based capital ratios. The study focuses on evaluating the role of regulatory capital requirements. Findings indicate that such requirements, even when not binding, affect banks' capital management practices and suggest that banks maintain targeted buffers above regulatory thresholds. That behavior differs across several dimensions, including bank size, nearness to regulatory minimum, reliance on core (equity) capital and exposure to market discipline. Capital ratios also vary over the economic cycle. These findings have implications for the ongoing review of international capital standards.
Block shareholder identity and firm performance in New Zealand

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine whether the influence of block ownership on firm performance depends on the identity of the largest investor.Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse the data for New Zealand companies for the period from 2002 to 2007 and develop multiple regression models which test the influence of block ownership on firm performance subject to the identity of the investor. A two‐stage least square approach is employed to test the effect of possible reverse causality between block ownership and firm performance on the relationship found in multiple regression models.Findings – The authors find that the concentrated ownership has a positive, albeit decreasing, association with firm performance. This relationship is conditioned on the identity of the largest investor. Those companies whose block investors were financial institutions performed better than their peers. The superior influence of financial investors on corporate performance did not disappear even when.