Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Practice in Occupational Therapy Curricula

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe currently used educational strategies for teaching evidence-based practice (EBP) in entry-level master's degree occupational therapy programs in the United States. Fifty-eight entry-level occupational therapy program directors completed a survey. Results showed that occupational therapy programs consistently use a wide variety of EBP resources for teaching EBP including database searches, literature reviews, and the development of a research proposal. Less commonly used strategies include the use of case stories and journal clubs. The current study provides a baseline of existing strategies taught in entry level programs that may be built upon to gather more information about the content of EBP coursework, and determine ways to foster implementation of EBP in practice.
Evaluation of digital model accuracy and time-dependent deformation of alginate impressions

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital models produced with the three-dimensional dental scanner, and to test the dimensional stability of alginate impressions for durations of immediately (T0), 1 day (T1), and 2 days (T2). Materials and Methods: A total of sixty impressions were taken from a master model with an alginate, and were poured into plaster models in three different storage periods. Twenty impressions were directly scanned (negative digital models), after which plaster models were poured and scanned (positive digital models) immediately. The remaining 40 impressions were poured after 1 and 2 days. In total, 9 points and 11 linear measurements were used to analyze the plaster models, and negative and positive digital models. Time-dependent deformation of the alginate impressions and the accuracy of the conventional plaster models and digital models were evaluated separately. Results: Plaster models, negative and positive digital models showed significant differences in nearly all measurements at T (0), T (1), and T (2) times (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001). Arch perimeter measurements did not differ at T (0) and T (1) times (P > 0.05), but they demonstrated statistically significant differences at T (2) time (P < 0.05) between the models. Conclusions: This study showed that measurements on negative digital models offer a high degree of validity when compared to measurements on positive digital models and plaster models; differences between the techniques are clinically acceptable. Direct scanning of the impressions is practicable method for orthodontists.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 modulates regional effects of injurious mechanical ventilation in rodent lungs.

RATIONALE Mechanical ventilation induces heterogeneous lung injury by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB. Mechanisms regulating regional injury and protective effects of prone positioning are unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the key regulators of the lung regional protective effects of prone positioning in rodent lungs exposed to injurious ventilation. METHODS Adult rats were ventilated with high (18 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] 0) or low Vt (6 ml/kg; PEEP 3 cm H(2)O; 3 h) in supine or prone position. Dorsal-caudal lung mRNA was analyzed by microarray and MAPK phosphatases (MKP)-1 quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MKP-1(-/-) or wild-type mice were ventilated with very high (24 ml/kg; PEEP 0) or low Vt (6-7 ml/kg; PEEP 3 cm H(2)O). The MKP-1 regulator PG490-88 (MRx-108; 0.75 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline was administered preventilation. Injury was assessed by lung mechanics, bronchioalveolar lavage cell counts, protein content, and lung injury scoring. Immunoblotting for MKP-1, and IκBα and cytokine ELISAs were performed on lung lysates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Prone positioning was protective against injurious ventilation in rats. Expression profiling demonstrated MKP-1 20-fold higher in rats ventilated prone rather than supine and regional reduction in p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase activation. MKP-1(-/-) mice experienced amplified injury. PG490-88 improved static lung compliance and injury scores, reduced bronchioalveolar lavage cell counts and cytokine levels, and induced MKP-1 and IκBα. CONCLUSIONS Injurious ventilation induces MAPK in an MKP-1-dependent fashion. Prone positioning is protective and induces MKP-1. PG490-88 induced MKP-1 and was protective against high Vt in a nuclear factor-κB-dependent manner. MKP-1 is a potential target for modulating regional effects of injurious ventilation.
Impact of Peripheral Field Loss on the Execution of Natural Actions: A Study With Glaucomatous Patients and Normally Sighted People

Purpose:We investigated the visuomotor behavior of people with reduced peripheral field due to glaucoma while they accomplished natural actions. Methods:Twelve participants with glaucoma and 13 normally sighted controls were included. Participants were asked to accomplish a familiar sandwich-making task and a less familiar model-building task with a children’s construction set while their eye movements were recorded. Both scene layouts contained task-relevant and task-irrelevant objects. There was no time constraint. Results:Participants with glaucoma were slower to perform the task than were the normal observers, but the slower performance was confined to the unfamiliar model-building task. Patients and controls were equally efficient in the more familiar sandwich-making task. On initial exposure, before the first reaching movement was initiated, patients scanned the objects longer than did controls, particularly in the unfamiliar model-building task, and controls fixated irrelevant objects less than did patients. During the working phase fixations were on average longer for patients than for controls and patients made more saccades than did controls. Patients did not grasp more irrelevant objects compared with controls. Conclusions:The results provide evidence that, although slower than controls, patients with glaucoma were able to accomplish natural actions efficiently even when the task required discrimination of small structurally similar objects (nuts and screws in the model-building task). Their difficulties were reflected in longer fixation times and more head and eye movements compared with controls, presumably to compensate for lower visibility when objects fell in the part of their visual field where sensitivity was reduced.
Leptomeningeal metastasis from systemic cancer: Review and update on management

Leptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon and typically late complication of cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Diagnosis is often challenging, with nonspecific presenting symptoms ranging from headache and confusion to focal neurologic deficits, such as cranial nerve palsies. Standard diagnostic evaluation involves a neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine with gadolinium, and cytologic evaluation of the cerebral spinal fluid. Therapy entails a multimodal approach focused on palliation with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, which may be administered systemically or directly into the cerebral spinal fluid. Limited trial data exist to guide treatment, and current regimens are based primarily on expert opinion. Although newer targeted and immunotherapeutic agents are under investigation and have shown promise, an improved understanding of the biology of leptomeningeal metastasis and treatment resistance as well as additional randomized controlled studies are needed to guide the optimal treatment of this devastating disease. Cancer 2018;124:21‐35. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Coffee and tea consumption and cancers of the bladder, colon and rectum

Coffee has been observed to be associated weakly or not at all with bladder cancer risk, inversely with colon cancer risk, and inconsistently with rectal cancer risk. The association between these cancers and consumption of coffee and tea was examined in a single case–control study conducted in Ontario, Canada from 1992 to 1994. A questionnaire was filled out by 927 bladder cancer cases, 991 colon cancer cases, 875 rectal cancer cases, and 2118 population controls. Although bladder cancer risk was not associated with coffee or tea, risk estimates associated with coffee among subjects who had never smoked were non-significantly increased. Colon cancer risk was inversely associated with coffee. Relative to those drinking less than 1 cup of coffee per day, the odds ratios (OR) for those drinking 1–2 cups was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8–1.1), for those drinking 3–4 cups was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7–1.0), and for those drinking 5 or more cups was 0.7 (95% CI 0.5–0.9); these ORs decreased linearly (P = 0.008). The reduced risk estimates were more pronounced with cancer of the proximal colon than the distal colon. Rectal cancer risk was not associated with either coffee or tea. Coffee consumption was observed to have a different relationship for each of the cancer sites and tea consumption was not related to any cancer site.
Repairing Reed-Solomon codes: Universally achieving the cut-set bound for any number of erasures

The repair bandwidth of a code is the minimum amount of data required to repair one or several failed nodes (erasures). For MDS codes, the repair bandwidth is bounded below by the so-called cut-set bound, and codes that meet this bound with equality are said to support optimal repair of one or multiple failed nodes. We consider the problem of repairing multiple failed nodes of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. In a recent work with I. Tamo (Proc. IEEE FOCS 2017), we gave the first explicit construction of RS codes with optimal repair of any single failed node from any subset of helper nodes. In this paper, we construct explicit RS codes that universally achieve the cut-set bound for the repair of any number of failed nodes from any set of helper nodes. Moreover, the node size of our codes is close to the optimal (smallest possible) node size of codes with such property.
MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME OF PREECLAMPTIC PREGNANCIES: THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF FACTOR V LEIDEN MUTATION AND 5,10 METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE

Objective To investigate the potential perinatal effects of Factor V Leiden mutation and 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism in preeclamptic women.Study Design One hundred twenty preeclamptic women (N = 120) and 101 healthy pregnant controls (N = 101) were recruited and evaluated for frequency of Leiden and 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Perinatal outcomes were then recorded and analyzed for all study participants and their neonates.Results Laboratory analysis yielded 22 (18.33%) heterozygous carriers of Factor V Leiden mutation among preeclamptic women and 3 (2.97%) heterozygous carriers among the healthy controls; differences between the two groups were found to be statistically significant [p < 0.001, the relative risk (RR) = 6.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.90–20.02]. Homozygous MTHFR mutations were found in 8 of 120 (6.67%) preeclamptic women and in 6 of the 101 (5.94%) healthy controls evaluated. Among preeclamptic women, episodes of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome were reported in 7 of 22 (31.81%) of those with Factor V Leiden mutation and in 11 of 98 (11.22%) of those who were negative for the mutation. Group differences were determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.015, RR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.24–6.48). Perinatal indicators collected from the two groups included frequency of intrauterine growth retardation, birth weight, and gestational age. No statistically different perinatal outcomes were found between Factor V Leiden positive and negative preeclamptic women. In addition, MTHFR gene polymorphism did not appear to be correlated with the development of preeclampsia.Conclusion Although the frequency of Factor V Leiden mutation appears to be significantly higher among preeclamptic women, the mechanism of pathogenesis and potential influence on perinatal outcomes is not yet well understood. Relatively high rates of HELLP syndrome among those with Factor V Leiden mutation suggest that this thrombogene mutation may play a significant role in hemostatic system activation. Our results suggest that the role of MTHFR polymorphism and other factors such as folic acid supplementation will require more extensive analysis in controlling worldwide morbidity and mortality associated with this important maternal condition.
Increased numbers of both airway basophils and mast cells in sputum after allergen inhalation challenge of atopic asthmatics.

Mast cells and basophils are metachromatic cells that participate in allergic inflammation. Allergen challenge to the airways of atopic asthmatic individuals increases levels of metachromatic cells, which may reflect an increase in mast cells, basophils, or both. We conducted a study to characterize the kinetics of basophil and mast cell recruitment to the airways of atopic asthmatic subjects after allergen inhalation challenge, using monoclonal antibodies specific for each type of cell. Of 19 subjects, 14 developed both early- and late-phase asthmatic responses (dual responders [DRs]), whereas five developed only early asthmatic responses (early responders [ERs]) after allergen inhalation. There was a significant increase in the number of sputum eosinophils (p < 0.002) and basophils (p < 0.002) at 7 h and 24 h after challenge in both ERs and DRs. There was also a significant increase in the number of activated eosinophils (p = 0. 00002) and mast cells (p = 0.009) in sputum at 7 h and 24 h after challenge in DRs, but not in ERs (p > 0.4). DRs had a significantly higher number of allergen-induced sputum basophils than did ERs (p < 0.01), and sputum basophils correlated significantly with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine at 24 h after challenge (r = 0.66, p = 0.002). DRs tended to have higher allergen-induced basophil levels than did ERs, which may contribute to the observed AHR.
Chebyshev-Legendre Spectral Domain Decomposition Method for Two-Dimensional Vorticity Equations

We extend the Chebyshev-Legendre spectral method to multi-domain case for solving the two-dimensional vorticity equations. The schemes are formulated in Legendre-Galerkin method while the nonlinear term is collocated at Chebyshev-Gauss collocation points. We introduce proper basis functions in order that the matrix of algebraic system is sparse. The algorithm can be implemented efficiently and in parallel way. The numerical analysis results in the case of one-dimensional multi-domain are generalized to two-dimensional case. The stability and convergence of the method are proved. Numerical results are given.
Validity of asthma diagnoses recorded in the Medical Services database of Quebec

The goal of this study was to evaluate the validity of asthma diagnoses recorded in the Medical Services (physician billing) database of the Canadian province of Quebec. The predictive positive value (PPV) and predictive negative value (PNV) of two operational definitions of asthma based on diagnoses recorded in the database were evaluated. Patients 16–80 years old treated by a respiratory or a family physician in 2002 were selected from the database. The diagnosis derived from the Medical Services database was compared to the diagnosis written in the patient's medical chart. The PPV and PNV of the first operational definition based on one asthma diagnosis or more recorded in the database over a 1‐year period were found to be 0.75 and 0.96 for respiratory physicians and 0.67 and 0.99 for family physicians, for patients 16–44 years old. The PPV increased to 0.78 for family physicians and to 0.77 for respiratory physicians when the second operational definition based on two diagnoses of asthma or more was used. Results tended to be lower for 45–80 years old patients. We conclude that diagnoses recorded in the Medical Services database of Quebec are valid to identify patients with asthma. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coffee consumption and stomach cancer risk in a cohort of Swedish women

Few prospective studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and risk of stomach cancer, and the findings have been inconsistent. We prospectively investigated the association of long‐term coffee consumption with risk of stomach cancer in a population‐based cohort study of 61,433 Swedish women. Information on coffee consumption was collected with a food‐frequency questionnaire at baseline (1987–1990) and updated in 1997. During a mean follow‐up of 15.7 years from 1987 through June 2005, 160 incident cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed. Coffee consumption was positively associated with the risk of stomach cancer. Compared to women who consumed 1 or fewer cups of coffee per day, the multivariate hazard ratios were 1.49 (95% = 0.97–2.27) for women who drank 2–3 cups per day and 1.86 (95% CI = 1.07–3.25) for those who drank 4 or more cups per day (p for trend = 0.01). An increase of 1 cup of coffee per day was associated with a statistically significant 22% increased risk of stomach cancer (hazard ratio = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.05–1.42). These prospective data suggest that coffee consumption may increase the risk of stomach cancer in a dose–response manner. This finding needs to be confirmed in other prospective studies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower extremity fatigue, sex, and landing performance in a population with recurrent low back pain.

CONTEXT Low back pain and lower extremity injuries affect athletes of all ages. Previous authors have linked a history of low back pain with lower extremity injuries. Fatigue is a risk factor for lower extremity injuries, some of which are known to affect female athletes more often than their male counterparts. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of lower extremity fatigue and sex on knee mechanics, neuromuscular control, and ground reaction force during landing in people with recurrent low back pain (LBP). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A clinical biomechanics laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three young adults with recurrent LBP but without current symptoms. INTERVENTION(S) Fatigue was induced using a submaximal free-weight squat protocol with 15% body weight until task failure was achieved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Three-dimensional knee motion, knee and ankle moments, ground reaction force, and trunk and lower extremity muscle-activity measurements were collected during 0.30-m drop vertical-jump landings. RESULTS Fatigue altered landing mechanics, with differences in landing performance between sexes. Women tended to have greater knee-flexion angle at initial contact, greater maximum knee internal-rotation angle, greater maximum knee-flexion moment, smaller knee-adduction moment, smaller ankle-inversion moment, smaller ground reaction force impact, and earlier multifidus activation. In men and women, fatigue produced a smaller knee-abduction angle at initial contact, greater maximum knee-flexion moment, and delays in semitendinosus, multifidus, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that during a fatigued 0.30-m landing sequence, women who suffered from recurrent LBP landed differently than did men with recurrent LBP, which may increase women's exposure to biomechanical factors that can contribute to lower extremity injury.
Transient thrombopoietin peak after liver transplantation for end‐stage liver disease

Knowledge about synthesis of thrombopoietin (TPO) by human liver cells is now well established and makes the study of TPO serum levels and interdependency with platelet concentrations important before and after liver transplantation. We followed these variables in 14 patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis (group A), 10 with hepatitis B (group B) and nine with hepatitis C (group C) infections, as well as 11 patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis (group D). In the pretransplant serum samples, TPO levels and platelet counts revealed median values (range) of 112·75 pg/ml (5·0–349·3) in group A, 67·8 pg/ml (14·8–249·9) in B, 68·6 pg/ml (31·4–147·3) in C and 57·9 pg/ml (25·2–264·2) in D for TPO, and 138 × 109/l (36–243) in A, 48 × 109/l (22–129) in B, 105 × 109/l (32–176) in C and 109 × 109/l (33–285) in D for platelets, the latter levels being abnormally reduced. Within 2–3 d of transplantation, the TPO levels started to increase to transient peaks of mostly 5–10 times baseline, which were followed by continuous correction of thrombocytopenia. Splenomegaly was identified to be an important co‐factor of thrombocytopenia in groups A and D. We conclude that decreased TPO production in patients with end‐stage liver diseases is reverted by orthotopic liver transplantation.
Alcohol dependence is related to overall internalizing psychopathology load rather than to particular internalizing disorders: evidence from a national sample.

BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is more prevalent among those with any one of several anxiety or depressive ("internalizing") disorders than among those in the general population. However, because internalizing disorders are highly intercorrelated, it is ambiguous whether alcohol dependence is related to internalizing psychopathology components that are: (i) unique to a particular internalizing disorder ("specific"); versus (ii) shared across a number of internalizing disorders ("general"). To clarify this ambiguity, we employed structural equation and logistic models to decompose the specific versus general components of internalizing psychopathology and then related these components separately to alcohol dependence. METHODS The data were based on face-to-face interviews of U.S. community residents collected in the 2001 to 2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; N = 43,093). RESULTS Both analytic approaches demonstrated that increases in the general internalizing psychopathology load are accompanied by increases in the prevalence of alcohol dependence. Once the general internalizing psychopathology load is accounted for, knowing whether a particular internalizing disorder is present or absent provides little additional information regarding the prevalence of alcohol dependence. CONCLUSIONS The components of internalizing psychopathology that are associated with alcohol dependence are shared and cumulative among common anxiety and depressive disorders. These findings have the potential to influence clinical and scientific conceptualizations of the association between alcohol dependence and internalizing psychopathology.
Medical Evaluation of Work-related Illness: Evaluations by a Treating Occupational Medicine Specialist and by Independent Medical Examiners Compared

Abstract Treating physicians' and independent medical examiners' (IMEs') opinions were compared to identify differences of opinion and to develop a basis for understanding the differences. Twenty-three patIents of an occupational health center (OHC) who had been examined by an IME were studied. OHC and IME opinions regarding diagnosis, work-relatedness, treatment recommendations, and disability assessment were categorized by degree of agreement. There was agreement on all four issues for only one patient. Opinions were most divergent with regard to disability assessment and least divergent with regard to diagnosis. Disagreement was unidirectional: the IMEs made fewer diagnoses, deemed fewer illnesses work-related, made fewer treatment recommendations, and assessed lower levels of disability than the OHC examiners. The results suggest that differences in opinion between the OHC and IMEs are due to differences in perspective, rather than skill or training.