Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Males adjust signaling effort based on female mate-preference cues

Female behavior involved in the expression of mate preferences often entails the production of cues that males may use to adjust their efforts and tactics, thus generating interactive back–and–forth reproductive dynamics. We investigated whether female duetting behavior in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) offers cues about how attractive females find signaling males and whether males modify their signaling behavior accordingly. Playback experiments with females of 4 Enchenopa species showed that stimulus attractiveness influenced the likelihood, duration, and dominant frequency of female signals. A separate playback experiment with males of 1 of the 4 species showed that they modified their behavior according to the features of female duetting signals: Males were more likely to signal and to produce more signals when presented with longer female signals of intermediate frequency. Because the female signals evoking the greatest male response did not correspond to conspecific signals, we conclude that males have been selected to attend to cues indicating likely female receptivity but not species identity. We discuss the consequences of these findings for assortative mating and reproductive isolation.
Comparison and interpretation of urinalysis performed by a nephrologist versus a hospital-based clinical laboratory.

BACKGROUND Urinalysis (UA) is considered the most important laboratory test in evaluating patients with kidney disease. Anecdotally, we have observed differences between results of UA performed by nephrologists compared with those performed by certified medical technologists or clinical laboratory scientists that could affect a clinician's diagnosis. Whether there are differences between UA performed by the clinical laboratory and that performed by a nephrologist was determined, and accuracy of diagnosis based on interpretation of the UA was compared. METHODS Urine samples were obtained from 26 patients with acute renal failure (ARF). An aliquot of urine was sent to the clinical laboratory for UA. Nephrologist A, blinded to the patient's clinical information, performed a UA on the other aliquot of urine, generated a report, and assigned the most likely diagnosis for ARF based on UA findings. Nephrologist B, also blinded to the clinical information, reviewed nephrologist A's UA reports and assigned a diagnosis for ARF to each report. Nephrologists A and B both assigned a diagnosis (or diagnoses) for the ARF based on laboratory UA results. These 4 sets of diagnoses were compared with those assigned by the consult nephrologists. RESULTS Nephrologist A correctly diagnosed the cause of ARF in 24 of 26 samples (92.3% success rate) based on his performance of the UA. Diagnoses by nephrologists A and B, based on their review of the clinical laboratory UA report, were correct in only 23.1% and 19.2% of the samples, respectively. Accuracy of diagnosis for nephrologist B improved to 69.3% when she reviewed UA reports from nephrologist A. Nephrologist A's review of urine sediment was significantly more accurate than interpretations by nephrologist A or B of clinical laboratory reports (sign test, P < 0.001). Nephrologist A reported a greater number of renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells (P < 0.0001), granular casts (P = 0.0017), hyaline casts (P = 0.0233), RTE casts (P = 0.0008), and dysmorphic red blood cells. The laboratory noted a greater number of squamous cells (P = 0.0034). CONCLUSION A nephrologist is more likely to recognize the presence of RTE cells, granular casts, RTE casts, and dysmorphic red blood cells in urine. The laboratory may be reporting RTE cells incorrectly as squamous epithelial cells. Nephrologist-performed UA is superior to laboratory-performed UA in determining the correct diagnosis.
Lattice-Reduction-Aided Conditional Detection for MIMO Systems

We introduce a low-complexity detector with near-optimal performance for transmission over multi-antenna systems. By using lattice basis reduction for generating almost orthogonal channel submatrices, we enhance the conditional optimization technique to implement a fast yet efficient detector. The lattice-reduction-aided (LRA) conditional method is presented as a general detection technique over fading channels to yield significant saving in computational complexity while achieving close to Maximum Likelihood (ML) error performance. By employing the orthogonality defect factor as a universal measure to select a near-orthogonal channel submatrix for conditional detection, we implement efficient detectors for MIMO systems. In particular, an almost optimal decoder with linear complexity for the Golden code is presented over quasi-static channels.
Understanding the Scarring Effect of Recessions

This paper documents that the earnings cost of job loss is concentrated among workers who find reemployment in lower-skill occupations, and that the cost and incidence of such occupation displacement is higher for workers who lose their job during a recession. I propose a model where hiring is endogenously more selective during recessions, leading some unemployed workers to optimally search for reemployment in lower-skill jobs. The model accounts for existing estimates of the size and cyclicality of the present value cost of job loss, and the cost of entering the labor market during a recession. (JEL E24, E32, J23, J24, J31, J63, J64)
Hepatitis B Vaccination of Male Neonates and Autism Diagnosis, NHIS 1997–2002

Universal hepatitis B vaccination was recommended for U.S. newborns in 1991; however, safety findings are mixed. The association between hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and parental report of autism diagnosis was determined. This cross-sectional study used weighted probability samples obtained from National Health Interview Survey 1997–2002 data sets. Vaccination status was determined from the vaccination record. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds for autism diagnosis associated with neonatal hepatitis B vaccination among boys age 3–17 years, born before 1999, adjusted for race, maternal education, and two-parent household. Boys vaccinated as neonates had threefold greater odds for autism diagnosis compared to boys never vaccinated or vaccinated after the first month of life. Non-Hispanic white boys were 64% less likely to have autism diagnosis relative to nonwhite boys. Findings suggest that U.S. male neonates vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine prior to 1999 (from vaccination record) had a threefold higher risk for parental report of autism diagnosis compared to boys not vaccinated as neonates during that same time period. Nonwhite boys bore a greater risk.
An Ecological Survey of Anopheles albimanus Larval Habitats in Colombia

The flora and fauna of 69 aquatic sites in Colombia were surveyed to identify ecological conditions that favor production of Anopheles albimanus. Anopheles albimanus larvae were most numerous at sun-exposed sites with abundant Culex larvae and grass at the edge of the water. Only 29% of the sites with An. albimanus larvae contained pupae, suggesting that poor larval survival prevented the production ofadult mosquitoes at many sites. In the Atlantic region, An. albimanus production was highest from large ponds with an abundant and varied aquatic insect fauna, including many kinds of predators of An. albimanus larvae. Although productive sites were often covered with water hyacinth, aquatic vegetation was generally not a reliable indicator ofAn. albimanus production. In the Pacific region, An. albimanus production was highest from small water bodies with few aquatic macrophytes and an abundance ofcladocera, reflecting an abundance ofmicroalgal food for mosquito larvae. In both regions, An. albimanus production was negatively associated with a complete cover of Lemna, fish, hydrometrid nymphs, large species of cyclopoid copepods, and dragonfly or mayfly nymphs. Anopheles albimanus production was also negatively associated with dytiscid beetle larvae in the Pacific region. Keyword Index: Mosquito, ecology, habitat, larvae, biological community.
Improved surface roughness modeling and mobility projections in thin film MOSFETs

We report mobility simulations for long channel Si and InGaAs MOSFETs as a function of the semiconductor film thickness and inversion charge. Calculations account for numerous relevant scattering mechanisms and surface roughness is described by the recently developed non-linear model [1]. Reasonable agreement with available experiments is obtained employing the measured surface roughness r.m.s. value. The results reveal that the film thickness dependence of mobility in III-V MOSFETs is weaker than predicted by the Tw6 law typically observed in silicon devices.
Spatial Movement Pattern Analysis in Public Transportation Networks in Seoul

Recently, many studies have tried to find travel patterns to understand citizen’s movement behaviours and improve transportation services based on the big data in public transportation systems. This research introduces a method of discovering and evaluating spatial movement patterns from smart card transaction data of multi-modal transportation networks such as subway and bus. The transaction data contains the origin and destination subway stations (or bus stops), boarding and alighting times, traveller’s type, and so on. To abstract the location data of origin and destination, the GeoHash coding system is adopted, in this paper, which is a hierarchical geo-coding scheme based on rectangle grid. The proposed method discovers the spatial movement patterns, which express frequent movement behaviours between two zones on the map. The zone is a set of adjacent grids on the map which have similar movement characteristics. The extracted movement patterns between zones are evaluated by three measures from different viewpoints. Smart card transaction data of subway and bus networks in Seoul was used to illustrate the spatial movement pattern analysis and the result was visualized on the Google Map. It is expected that this kind of movement pattern discovery can be exploited for wide applications such as transportation network planning and location-based target marketing.
Role of estrogen and progesterone in the regulation of uterine peristalsis: results from perfused non-pregnant swine uteri.

BACKGROUND Adequate uterine contractility and peristalsis are involved in the transport of semen and gametes and in successful embryo implantation. Estrogen and progesterone fluctuate characteristically during the menstrual cycle. It has been suggested that both hormones influence uterine peristalsis in characteristic ways. METHODS An extracorporeal perfusion model of the swine uterus was used that keeps the uterus in a functional condition and is suitable for the study of physiological questions. The effects of estrogen and progesterone on oxytocin-induced uterine peristalsis were assessed using an intrauterine double-chip microcatheter. RESULTS Estrogen perfusion was associated with an increase in intrauterine pressure (IUP) in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant difference between the IUP increase measured in the isthmus uteri and that in the corpus uteri, resulting in a cervico-fundal pressure gradient. Estrogen perfusion resulted in a significantly higher rate of peristaltic waves starting in the isthmus uteri and directed towards the corpus uteri. Progesterone was able to antagonize the estrogen effect in general. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that estrogen and progesterone have differential effects in the regulation of uterine peristalsis. The present observation shows that estrogen stimulates uterine peristalsis and is able to generate a cervico-fundal direction of peristalsis, whereas progesterone inhibits directed uterine peristalsis.
7-nm FinFET CMOS Design Enabled by Stress Engineering Using Si, Ge, and Sn

Bandgap and stress engineering using group IV materials-Si, Ge, and Sn, and their alloys are employed to design a FinFET-based CMOS solution for the 7-nm technology node and beyond. A detailed simulation study evaluating the performance of the proposed design is presented. Through the use of a common strain-relaxed buffer layer for p- and n-channel MOSFETs and a careful selection of source/drain stressor materials, the CMOS design is shown to achieve performance benefits over strained Si, meet the IOFF requirements, and provide a path for continued technology scaling.
The Prevalence and Efficacy of Ganciclovir on Steroid-refractory Ulcerative Colitis With Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Background It remains controversial whether or not cytomegalovirus infection in patients with active ulcerative colitis reflects a nonpathogenic colonization or a pathogenic disease warranting antiviral therapy. Goals The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with active ulcerative colitis and the therapeutic efficacy of ganciclovir against cytomegalovirus infection in patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Study A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 72 patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis who were treated with intravenous steroids. The presence of cytomegalovirus was evaluated serologically and histopathologic examination, including immunohistochemical staining. In patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis, cytomegalovirus infections were treated with intravenous ganciclovir. In patients with steroid-responsive ulcerative colitis, steroid therapy was continued irrespective of cytomegalovirus infection. Results The evidence of cytomegalovirus infection was found in 31 patients (43%) with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis. In patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis, the cytomegalovirus infection rate increased to 67% (14 of 21). No significant clinical and endoscopic differences existed between patients with and without a cytomegalovirus infection; however, the amount of steroids used during the flare-up period was significantly higher in patients with a cytomegalovirus infection (P=0.013). Eleven of 14 patients (79%) with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis and a cytomegalovirus infection improved with ganciclovir treatment. Cytomegalovirus infections in the steroid-responsive group (17 of 31) did not require ganciclovir therapy. Conclusions Cytomegalovirus infections are frequently observed in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, especially steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Ganciclovir was effective in patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis who had a cytomegalovirus infection.
A Mechanistic Model of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a novel procedure used to treat androgenetic alopecia (AGA). OBJECTIVE Propose a mechanism of action of PRP therapy for AGA. METHODS AND MATERIALS A thorough literature search including PRP research for AGA therapy as well as PRP research in other areas of medicine was conducted. RESULTS A mechanistic model for the action of PRP on the hair follicle was created. CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma therapy stimulates hair growth through the promotion of vascularization and angiogenesis, as well as encourages hair follicles to enter and extend the duration of the anagen phase of the growth cycle. The process is accomplished through growth factor-mediated increased activation of wingless (Wnt)/&bgr;-catenin, extracellular signaling regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways, which leads to the necessary cellular proliferation and differentiation.
Dilated cardiomyopathy: a review

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiac diagnosis that may result as a consequence of a variety of pathologies. The differential diagnosis remains quite broad since many pathologies can present as DCM, and as a result the approach to diagnosis may, at times, be quite difficult. This review article discusses genetic and acquired causes of DCM, pathophysiology of myocardial damage, pathology, and diagnostic criteria. An approach to management is also included, in the hope of informing physicians of a clinical entity that afflicts a substantial number of people worldwide.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Focal Adhesion Kinase-Related Proline-Rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 and Focal Adhesion Kinase Are Co-Overexpressed in Early-Stage and Invasive ErbB2-Positive Breast Cancer and Cooperate for Breast Cancer Cell Tumorigenesis and Invasiveness

Early cancer cell migration and invasion of neighboring tissues are mediated by multiple events, including activation of focal adhesion signaling. Key regulators include the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and FAKrelated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), whose distinct functions in cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we compared Pyk2 and FAK expression in breast cancer and their effects on ErbB-2-induced tumorigenesis and the potential therapeutic utility of targeting Pyk2 compared with FAK in preclinical models of breast cancer. Pyk2 is overexpressed in tissues from early and advanced breast cancers and overexpressed with both FAK and epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (ErbB-2) in a subset of breast cancer cases. Down-regulation of Pyk2 in ErbB-2-positive, FAKproficient, and FAK-deficient cells reduced cell proliferation, which correlated with reduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. In contrast, Pyk2 silencing had little impact on cell migration and invasion. In vivo, Pyk2 down-regulation reduced primary tumor growth induced by a metastatic variant of ErbB-2-positive MDA 231 breast cancer cells but had little effect on lung metastases in contrast to FAK down-regulation. Dual reduction of Pyk2 and FAK expression resulted in strong inhibition of both primary tumor growth and lung metastases. Together, these data support the cooperative function of Pyk2 and FAK in breast cancer progression and suggest that dual inhibition of FAK and Pyk2 is an efficient therapeutic approach for targeting invasive breast cancer. (Am J Pathol 2008, 173:1540–1550; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080292)
Scleredema adultorum associated with IgG‐kappa multiple myeloma–a case report and review of the literature

The coexistence of monoclonal gammopathy with scleredema is an already known but unusual finding. However, the association of scleredema with multiple myeloma has only rarely been reported. A case of widespread longstanding scleredema is presented in which the finding of monoclonal gammopathy subsequently progressed to oven IgG‐kappa multiple myeloma. From a review of the literature, it was concluded that scleredema patients having monoclonal gammopathy with or without multiple myeloma, share a number of clinical and laboratory features: (1) a widespread long‐standing eruption; (2) no preceding upper respiratory tract infection and usually without accompanying diabetes mellitus; (3) most commonly identified paraprotein is IgG having a kappa light chain. It is suggested that scleredema should be included in the list of diseases related to monoclonal gammopathy, the latter either denoting monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or representing an already existing or incipient multiple myeloma.
The Role of Basic Need Satisfaction in the Onset, Maintenance, and Cessation of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: An Application of Self-Determination Theory

The present study applied self-determination theory to examine the onset, maintenance, and cessation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and NSSI status. Participants were classified into the NSSI Maintain (n = 30), NSSI Start (n = 44), NSSI Stop (n = 21), or Control (n = 98) groups based on NSSI status over 2 time points within a 12-month period. Repeated measures multiple analysis of variance was employed. Satisfaction of the need for competence decreased over time in all adolescents. Adolescents who maintained NSSI behavior reported significantly lower levels of need satisfaction compared to adolescents reporting no history of NSSI engagement, and adolescents who began NSSI over the course of the study reported significantly lower levels of need satisfaction compared to those reporting no history of NSSI engagement. The findings suggest that need satisfaction varies as a function of NSSI status.
Examining the Effects of Strategy-Based Instruction of Reading Passages to Iranian Undergraduate EFL Learners

The present study aimed at exploring the possible effects of strategy-based instruction of reading passages to undergraduate Iranian EFL learners. The study particularly explored the effects of using SQR3 and TPS reading strategies on learners? reading performance. To this end, 60 EFL learners were selected and participated in this study. After homogenizing the learners, they were randomly divided to three groups; two experimental and a control group. Learners in the first experimental group (SQR3) surveyed, questioned, read, reviewed and recited the reading passages while learners in the second experimental group (TPS) group thought about reading passages and shared their comprehensions with the classmates. However, learners in the control group followed the traditional method of translating reading passages to Persian for comprehension. The reading section of IELTS Test, as an internationally validated test, was applied as the pre- and the post-test of the study to further check learners? reading comprehension. The paired-samples t-test and ANOVA analysis of learners? performances indicated that SQR3 and TPS learners significantly outperformed on their post-tests compared with their peers in the control group. The results certified the efficacy of strategy-based approach of teaching reading passages, namely SQR3 and TPS, in promoting learners? reading comprehension in academic Iranian EFL context.
Pyramidal Neurons Are “Neurogenic Hubs” in the Neurovascular Coupling Response to Whisker Stimulation

The whisker-to-barrel cortex is widely used to study neurovascular coupling, but the cellular basis that underlies the perfusion changes is still largely unknown. Here, we identified neurons recruited by whisker stimulation in the rat somatosensory cortex using double immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and investigated in vivo their contribution along with that of astrocytes in the evoked perfusion response. Whisker stimulation elicited cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases concomitantly with c-Fos upregulation in pyramidal cells that coexpressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and GABA interneurons that coexpressed vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and/or choline acetyltransferase, but not somatostatin or parvalbumin. The evoked CBF response was decreased by blockade of NMDA (MK-801, −37%), group I metabotropic glutamate (MPEP+LY367385, −40%), and GABA-A (picrotoxin, −31%) receptors, but not by GABA-B, VIP, or muscarinic receptor antagonism. Picrotoxin decreased stimulus-induced somatosensory evoked potentials and CBF responses. Combined blockade of GABA-A and NMDA receptors yielded an additive decreasing effect (−61%) of the evoked CBF compared with each antagonist alone, demonstrating cooperation of both excitatory and inhibitory systems in the hyperemic response. Blockade of prostanoid synthesis by inhibiting COX-2 (indomethacin, NS-398), expressed by ∼40% of pyramidal cells but not by astrocytes, impaired the CBF response (−50%). The hyperemic response was also reduced (−40%) after inhibition of astroglial oxidative metabolism or epoxyeicosatrienoic acids synthesis. These results demonstrate that changes in pyramidal cell activity, sculpted by specific types of inhibitory GABA interneurons, drive the CBF response to whisker stimulation and, further, that metabolically active astrocytes are also required.