Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Pulmonology

Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Parents know best: Caregiver perspectives on eating disorder recovery.

OBJECTIVE This study used mixed methods to evaluate caregiver perspectives on recovery from an eating disorder. METHOD Caregivers (N = 387) completed an online survey about their child's weight history, treatment history, illness trajectory, and recovery. RESULTS Children were predominantly females with adolescent onset anorexia nervosa and currently 18.4 years old on average. Qualitative analysis of caregivers' open-ended definitions of recovery revealed seven distinct recovery domains, including (a) weight (45%); (b) body image, eating disorder cognitions, and related emotions (54%); (c) eating behavior (71%); (d) independence and responsibility in eating disorder management (28%); (e) physical health (21%); (f) psychological well-being (31%); and (g) life worth living (27%). Most (72%) reported that their child had achieved partial or full recovery at some point in their lifetime. Only 20% reported that their child had ever achieved full recovery, but 93% of those had sustained recovery over time (i.e., no relapses since achieving recovery). Physical recovery occurred on average 2.7 years after eating disorder onset, followed shortly by social and emotional recovery (2.9 years), and finally behavioral (3.4 years) and cognitive (3.9 years) recovery, which occurred at weights 6-7 pounds higher than those at which physical recovery was achieved. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that caregivers hold a multifaceted view of recovery that includes not only weight restoration and symptom reduction, but also full engagement in social and occupational activities, establishment of a meaningful life, cognitive flexibility, and emotional well-being. These data support clinical observations that physical and behavioral recovery precede cognitive recovery.
Characteristics and Adoption Success of Shelter Dogs Assessed as Resource Guarders

Simple Summary Dogs that aggressively guard resources, such as food, toys, and sleeping sites, can pose risk to people unfamiliar with canine communication. Such dogs also present challenges to animal shelters, which typically screen for food-related guarding during behavioral evaluations. Some shelters euthanize dogs that aggressively guard food, whereas others restrict adoptions. However, few studies have examined the characteristics and adoption success of dogs that guard food in shelters. I analyzed demographic data and adoption success of dogs assessed as resource guarders at a shelter in New York (NY) over a nearly five-year period. Fifteen percent of the dog population was identified as resource guarders during shelter behavioral evaluations. Resource guarding was more common in adults and seniors than in juveniles, and it was more common in small and large dogs than medium-sized dogs. While spayed females were more likely than intact females to guard food, neutered males and intact males did not differ in their propensity to guard food. Dogs that showed severe guarding were more likely to be returned by adopters, but almost all were successfully re-adopted. These findings provide a detailed description of food guarders in a shelter dog population and show that most such dogs were successfully re-homed. Abstract Some domestic dogs aggressively guard resources. Canine resource guarding impacts public health through dog bites and affects dog welfare through adoption and euthanasia policies at animal shelters. However, little is known about the demographic characteristics and adoption success of dogs assessed as resource guarders during shelter behavioral evaluations. I reviewed nearly five years of records from a New York (NY) SPCA and categorized 1016 dogs by sex; age; size; reproductive status; and resource guarding. I then examined how these characteristics influenced the returns of dogs by adopters. The prevalence of resource guarding in this shelter dog population was 15%. Resource guarding was more common in adult and senior dogs than in juvenile dogs; and it was more common in small and large dogs than medium-sized dogs. Spayed females were more likely than intact females to guard food; neutered males and intact males did not differ in their likelihood of food guarding. Most dogs identified as resource guarders showed mild to moderate guarding. Severe guarders were more likely to be returned by adopters; although almost all were eventually re-adopted and not returned to the shelter. Data presented here provide the most comprehensive description of resource guarders in a shelter dog population and show the successful re-homing of most.
Particle size and rate of biochar affected the phytoavailability of Cd and Pb by mustard plants grown in contaminated soils

Abstract Various amendments are used to reduce the phytoavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils, but recently the use of biochar is receiving serious attention. In this study, two particle sizes of an oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB); <50 µm (F-EFBB) and >2 mm (C-EFBB) were applied at either 0, 0.5, or 1% (w/w) to soils contaminated with either Cd or Pb and the phytoavailability of these metals by mustard plants grown on the soils was evaluated. Results revealed that the application of EFBB at 1% significantly increased plant growth parameters as compared with the control in Cd-soil. However, there was no significant effect of EFBB application rate on plant growth parameters in Pb-soil. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the plant root and shoot between soils receiving different particle sizes of EFBB. The treatment of 1% F-EFBB gave the lowest concentration of the Cd concentration in the shoot (115.200 mgkg−1) and Pb concentration in the root and shoot (4196.000 and 78.467 mgkg−1, respectively) as compared with the other treatments. Therefore, F-EFBB application at high rates can be recommended for reducing the phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in contaminated soils.
Factors associated with medication adherence among people with diabetes mellitus in poor urban areas of Cambodia: A cross-sectional study

Background In Cambodia, the age-standardized prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased in both men and women. The main objective of this study was to identify factors associated with diabetes medication adherence among people with diabetes mellitus in poor urban areas of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 using a structured questionnaire for face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers. The participants were people with diabetes mellitus who were the active members of a peer educator network, lived in poor urban areas of Phnom Penh, and attended weekly educational sessions during the survey period. Diabetes medication adherence was measured using four items of modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Participants were classified into two groups based on their adherence score: 0 (high adherence) and from 1 to 4 (medium or low adherence). Sociodemographic characteristics; medical history; accessibility to health services; and knowledge, attitude, and practices related to diabetes mellitus were examined. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted adjusting for sex, age, marital status, and education levels. Results Data from 773 people with diabetes were included in the analyses. Of the total, 49.3% had a high level of diabetes medication adherence. A high level of adherence was associated with higher family income (≥50 USD per month) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.25–11.08), absence of diabetes mellitus-related complications (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.19–2.32), use of health services more than once per month (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.64–5.04), following special diet for diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.17–2.81), and absence of alcohol consumption (AOR = 13.67, 95% CI = 2.86–65.34). Conclusions High diabetes medication adherence was associated with better family economic conditions, absence of diabetes mellitus-related complications, and healthy behaviors. It would be crucial to improve affordable access to regular follow-ups including promotion of healthy behaviors through health education and control of diabetes mellitus-related complications.
Microvessel occlusions alter amyloid-beta plaque morphology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Vascular dysfunction is correlated to the incidence and severity of Alzheimer’s disease. In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) using in vivo, time-lapse, multiphoton microscopy, we found that occlusions of the microvasculature alter amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. We used several models of vascular injury that varied in severity. Femtosecond laser-induced occlusions in single capillaries generated a transient increase in small, cell-sized, Aβ deposits visualized with methoxy-X04, a label of fibrillar Aβ. After occlusions of penetrating arterioles, some plaques changed morphology, while others disappeared, and some new plaques appeared within a week after the lesion. Antibody labeling of Aβ revealed a transient increase in non-fibrillar Aβ one day after the occlusion that coincided with the disappearance of methoxy-X04-labeled plaques. Four days after the lesion, anti-Aβ labeling decreased and only remained in patches unlabeled by methoxy-X04 near microglia. Histology in two additional models, sparse embolic occlusions from intracarotid injections of beads and infarction from photothrombosis, demonstrated increased labeling intensity in plaques after injury. These results suggest that microvascular lesions can alter the deposition and clearance of Aβ and confirm that Aβ plaques are dynamic structures, complicating the interpretation of plaque burden as a marker of Alzheimer’s disease progression.
Sudden cardiac death in chronic renal disease: aetiology and risk reduction strategies

1. IDF Diabetes Altas. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th Edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2017 2. Guideline Development Group. Clinical Practice Guideline on management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR<45 mL/min). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30(Suppl 2): ii1–ii142 3. Bermejo S, Pascual J, Soler MJ. The current role of renal biopsy in diabetic patients. Minerva Med 2018; 109: 116–125 4. Gregg EW, Li Y, Wang J et al. Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990–2010. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 1514–1523 5. Tervaert TW, Mooyaart AL, Amann K et al. Pathologic classification of diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21: 556–563 6. Mise K, Hoshino J, Ubara Y et al. Renal prognosis a long time after renal biopsy on patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29: 109–118 7. Looker HC, Mauer M, Saulnier P-J et al. Changes in albuminuria but not GFR are associated with early changes in kidney structure in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30: 1049–1059 8. Porrini E, Ruggenenti P, Mogensen CE et al. Non-proteinuric pathways in loss of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3: 382–391 9. Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, Cahn A et al. Effects of dapagliflozin on development and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019; 7: 606–617 10. Lees JS, McQuarrie EP, Mordi N et al. Risk factors for bleeding complications after nephrologist-performed native renal biopsy. Clin Kidney J 2017; 10: 573–577
Raising the bar: Recovery ambition for species at risk in Canada and the US

Routinely crossing international borders and/or persisting in populations across multiple countries, species are commonly subject to a patchwork of endangered species legislation. Canada and the United States share numerous endangered species; their respective acts, the Species at Risk Act (SARA) and the Endangered Species Act (ESA), require documents that outline requirements for species recovery. Although there are many priorities for improving endangered species legislation effectiveness, species recovery goals are a crucial component. We compared recovery goal quality, as measured by goal quantitativeness and ambition, for species listed under SARA and ESA. By comparing across ESA and SARA, the intent of the study was to identify differences and similarities that could support the development of stronger species’ recovery goals under both legislations. Our results indicated that: (1) overall, only 38% of recovery goals were quantitative, 41% had high ambition, and 26% were both quantitative and with high ambition; (2) recovery goals had higher quantitativeness and ambition under ESA than SARA; (3) recovery goals for endangered species had higher ambition than threatened species under ESA and SARA, and; (4) no recovery goal aimed to restore populations to historic levels. Combined, these findings provide guidance to strengthen recovery goals and improve subsequent conservation outcomes. In particular, species at risk planners should seek to attain higher recovery goal ambition, particularly for SARA-listed species, and include quantitative recovery goals wherever possible.
Pregnancy and CYP3A5 Genotype Affect Day 7 Plasma Lumefantrine Concentrations

Pregnancy and pharmacogenetics variation alter drug disposition and treatment outcome. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnancy and pharmacogenetics variation on day 7 lumefantrine (LF) plasma concentration and therapeutic responses in malaria-infected women treated with artemether-lumefantrine (ALu) in Tanzania. A total of 277 (205 pregnant and 72 nonpregnant) women with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were enrolled. Patients were treated with ALu and followed up for 28 days. CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genotyping were done. Day 7 plasma LF concentration and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) at day 28 were determined. The mean day 7 plasma LF concentrations were significantly lower in pregnant women than nonpregnant women [geometric mean ratio = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) of geometric mean ratio (1.119–1.1745), P < 0.003]. Pregnancy, low body weight, and CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype were significantly associated with low day 7 LF plasma concentration (P < 0.01). PCR-corrected ACPR was 93% (95% CI = 89.4–96.6) in pregnant women and 95.7% (95% CI = 90.7–100) in nonpregnant women. Patients with lower day 7 LF concentration had a high risk of treatment failure (mean 652 vs. 232 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In conclusion, pregnancy, low body weight, and CYP3A5*1 allele are significant predictors of low day 7 LF plasma exposure. In turn, lower day 7 LF concentration is associated with a higher risk of recrudescence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study reports a number of factors contributing to the lower day 7 lumefantrine (LF) concentration in women, which includes pregnancy, body weight, and CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype. It also shows that day 7 LF concentration is a main predictor of malaria treatment. These findings highlight the need to look into artemether-LF dosage adjustment in pregnant women so as to be able to maintain adequate drug concentration, which is required to reduce treatment failure rates in pregnant women.
Stocking and over‐the‐counter sale of misoprostol for medical abortion in Ghana’s community pharmacies: comparison of questionnaire and mystery client survey

In many sub‐Saharan African countries with restricted safe abortion services, community pharmacies are important sources of abortifacients. However, data on stocking and over‐the‐counter sale of abortifacients in community pharmacies are often limited. The main objective of this study was to compare stocking and over‐the‐counter sale of misoprostol at community pharmacies using questionnaire and mystery client surveys in Ghana.
Antinociceptive and Abuse Potential Effects of Cannabinoid/Opioid Combinations in a Chronic Pain Model in Rats

Chronic pain is a persistent and debilitating health problem. Although the use of analgesics such as opioids is useful in mitigating pain, their prolonged use is associated with unwanted effects including abuse liability. This study assesses the antinociceptive effect of combining subtherapeutic doses of two opioids (morphine or tramadol) with the synthetic cannabinoid CP55940 (2-[(1R,2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan -2-yl)phenol). It also evaluates the associated adverse effects of these drugs and combinations. Adult male rats were injected with intraplantar complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) to produce mechanical allodyia. Antinociceptive effect of morphine, tramadol, the synthetic cannabinoid CP55940, or their combinations was evaluated three to nine days post-CFA injections. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was utilized to evaluate the abuse liability of these drugs or their combinations. All drugs alone produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. Morphine produced minimal effect on ICSS, but both tramadol and CP55940 produced dose-dependent depression of ICSS. Morphine at a dose of 0.32 mg/kg enhanced the antinociceptive effects of CP55940, in that, CP55940 produced antinociception at a lower dose (0.1 mg/kg) when compared to the vehicle. The aforementioned combinations did not change CP55940-induced depression of ICSS. On the other hand, tramadol failed to enhance the antinociceptive effect of CP55940. Our data suggest that combining CP55940 with morphine, but not tramadol, shows a better antinociceptive profile with no additional risk of abuse liability, which represents a potential pain management approach.
P53‐regulated lncRNA uc061hsf.1 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in human esophageal squamous cell cancer

The expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with cancer development and progression, making these lncRNAs potentially novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential function of lncRNA‐uc061hsf.1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The expression of lncRNA‐uc061hsf.1 in ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis were detected via CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. The interaction between p53 and lncRNA uc061hsf.1 was analyzed using luciferase reporter gene and qRT‐PCR. Through this approach, we identified the novel lncRNA uc061hsf.1, which was expressed in low level in ESCC and was correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation in ESCC patients. Knockdown or overexpression of lncRNA uc061hsf.1 in ESCC cells promoted or inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, respectively. Mechanistically, lncRNA uc061hsf.1 was induced by p53, and luciferase reporter gene confirmed that lncRNA uc061hsf.1 was a direct transcriptional target of p53. We further found that uc061hsf.1 was able to regulate expression of the transcription factor FoxA1, thereby potentially influencing tumor cell migration. In conclusion, these results suggest that p53‐regulated lncRNA uc061hsf.1 is a cancer suppressor gene which is associated with tumor progression in ESCC.
LncRNA SPRY4-IT1 promotes progression of osteosarcoma by regulating ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression through sponging of miR-101 activity

Long non-coding (lnc)RNA sprouty receptor tyrosine kinase signalling antagonist 4-intronic transcript 1 (SPRY4-IT1) has been demonstrated to serve a critical role in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS); however, the specific underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the interactions between SPRY4-IT1 and its downstream effectors, to determine if any of the interactions contributed to SPRY4-IT1-mediated proliferation, migration and invasion in cancer cells. A signalling cascade which involved SPRY4-IT1, miR-101 and zinc finger E-box-binding homeoboxes (ZEBs) was examined in the present study. Intracellular SPRY4-IT1 and miR-101 expression levels were altered through transfection to assess their effect on proliferation, cell cycle progression, survival, migration and invasion. A dual-luciferase assay was utilized to determine the association between SPRY4-IT1/miR-101 and ZEBs/miR-101 and nude mouse xenograft experiments were performed to determine the effect of SPRY4-IT1 in vivo. The results indicated that the SPRY4-IT1 levels were negatively associated with miR-101 expression levels in OS cells, an association which was not observed in the normal osteoblast cells. SPRY4-IT1 knockdown or miR-101 overexpression reduced proliferation, cell cycle progression, survival, migration and invasion of MG-63 and U2OS cells. SPRY4-IT1 knockdown was accompanied by increased expression of miR-101 and E-cadherin levels, as well as decreased expression levels of ZEB1/2 and other epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated proteins. Simultaneous knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 and inhibition of miR-101 partially reversed the anti-tumour effects of SPRY4-IT1 inhibition in vitro. Consistent with these findings, short hairpin RNA targeting SPRY4-IT1 also hindered xenograft tumour growth and altered the levels of miR-101, ZEB1/2 and E-cadherin in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that SPRY4-IT1 may have regulated the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 by sponging miR-101. In conclusion, SPRY4-IT1 inhibition increased miR-101 levels, resulting in downregulation of ZEB1/2 expression and thus exerting anti-tumour effects in OS.
Metabolic Changes Induced by Silver Ions in Carlina acaulis

Silver is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plants, inducing various toxic symptoms and metabolic changes. Here, the impact of Ag(I) on Carlina acaulis physiology and selected metabolites was studied using two Ag concentrations (1 or 10 µM) after 14 days of exposure. The higher concentration of Ag(I) evoked reduction of growth, while 1 µM Ag had a growth-promoting effect on root biomass. The translocation factor (<0.04) showed that Ag was mainly retained in the roots. The 1 µM Ag concentration increased the level of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs), while 10 µM Ag depleted these compounds in the roots. The increased concentration of Ag(I) elevated the accumulation of phytochelatins (PCs) in the roots and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the shoots (but not in the roots). At 1 µM, Ag(I) elevated the level of phenolic and triterpene acids, while the 10 µM Ag treatment increased the carlina oxide content in the roots. The obtained results indicate an alteration of metabolic pathways of C. acaulis to cope with different levels of Ag(I) stress. Our data imply that the intracellular binding of Ag(I) and nonenzymatic antioxidants contribute to the protection against low concentrations of Ag ions.