Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complex Sleep Apnea

The term complex sleep apnea syndrome (Comp-SAS) generally refers to a pathological state whose main feature is the appearance or signifi cant increase in the frequency of episodes of central apnea and hypopnea, including periods of Cheyne–Stokes breathing (Fig. 1) after starting CPAP or BPAP treatment with spontaneous breathing (the S regime) for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) [1]. Our own clinical management of patients initially suffering from severe OSAS consisted of commencing CPAP treatment with a circuit pressure of 9 cm water. This completely eliminated obstructive events and snoring. This was followed by the appearance of episodes of apnea, confi rmed by the treatment situation as central. Substitution of obstructive apnea for central apnea on the background of CPAP treatment confi rms cases of Comp-SAS (see Fig. 1). However, the literature contains descriptions of cases in which central apnea is replaced by obstructive apnea after correction of OSAS using intraoral methods or surgery. Thus, Kuniar et al. [2] reported two patients with CompSAS during treatment of obstructive apnea with oral applicators, while Corcoran et al. [3] described a case in which Comp-SAS developed in a young man with OSAS after surgical modifi cation of the upper respiratory tract. Thus, use of treatment methods based on ventilation equipment is not obligatory for the occurrence of complex apnea. Since Gilmartin et al. [1] described complex sleep apnea, arguments as to whether Comp-SAS should be regarded as a complication occurring during the treatment of OSAS or whether this phenomenon is completely independent and should be regarded as a separate disease have continued among specialists [4]. There is still no clear answer to this question. The prevalence of Comp-SAS has been addressed in many studies, and data obtained by various authors indicate that 5–20% of patients with OSAS and receiving various types of mask ventilation experience it [5, 6]. This variability in the epidemiological data can probably be explained by the significant clinical differences in the groups of patients studied. Complex Sleep Apnea
An Investigation of Software Engineering Knowledge of Undergraduate Students

Computer programming (CP) course offered in universities is difficult coupled with insufficient infrastructures and teaching staff. In spite of these, several undergraduate Computer Science (CS) students are increasingly acquiring programming skills and developing commercial applications even without attending formal programming classes. However, software intended for use other than by the developer requires teamwork, the use of software engineering methodologies and quality. What is not known about these undergraduate students is how their programming is learnt or applications developed. This is important in the light of software dependability and cost of failures today. Therefore, this paper investigates how undergraduate CS students learn programming and their software engineering knowledge. The purpose is to gain insights into how knowledge is gained and applied. To accomplish this, the paper conducted a survey utilizing questionnaire and interview on undergraduate students of CS in the University of Venda (UNIVEN). The data collected were analyzed and results quantitatively and qualitatively presented. The results showed that many CS students learned programming via the Internet reusable code, applied development methodology and are aware of software quality during development.
Microbiological Quality of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Amphibia, Anura) Used as Meat

The anurans, also commonly called frogs or toads are amphibians. Their meat is becoming popular as a source of protein in many countries including Nigeria (Ondeko et al., 2011). They are reared commercially in countries like Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Brazil and Mexico for human consumption, while others such as USA, France, Canada, Belgium, Italy and Spain are the major importers of frog meat (Ho et al., 2008; Baygar and Ozyur, 2010). In most of these countries, the frog legs (the meaty hind legs) likened to that of a small chicken drumstick, are the main parts consumed, believed to be a delicacy. These organisms are consumed in large amounts in European countries. High consumption rates were reported in Italian and French restaurants and in holiday villages International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 3192-3200 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Seed dispersal by Tana River mangabeys in fragmented gallery forests

Data collected on a free ranging group of Tana River mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus) indicates that this endangered primate species, which has previously been regarded as a seed predator, plays an important role in seed dispersal and do contribute to the regeneration of a highly fragmented gallery forest. We observed fruit handling behavior and the post-dispersal fate of seeds ingested by the mangabeys. The two main fruit handling behaviors observed, fruit swallowing and processing fruits in cheek pouches, positively contributed to seed dispersal. Seed predation was not common during this study, apart from a few particular plant species such as Acacia robusta and Alangium salviifolium with non-fleshy fruits. We found a correlation between seed predation and fruit availability, respectively seasonal differential specific dispersal efficiency. The role of the mangabeys in dispersing seeds and facilitating forest regeneration is enhanced by their movement across forest patches through non-forested matrix, which contributes to the deposition of seeds and regeneration in these habitat gaps.
POLICE AND HISBAH: THE STATUS OF URBAN KANO SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Police and Hisbah organisations are currently saddled with providing security to urban Kano civilian populace. As the former is being conventional in security management, the later on the other hand is a specialised agency introduced to assist the implementation of Islamic Shari’a which followed the public agitation in the year 2000. In the contemporary times, both agencies work tirelessly in a collaborative effort to achieve maximum security which is traditionally unnoticed due to past enjoyed peace. This research aimed at explaining the contributions of these agencies in combatting the current security challenges. In-depth interviews were conducted with five respondents from each of the two organisations making the sample size ten respondents. The qualitative analyses revealed that, tremendous achievements were being realised. Albeit these successes, some major impediments affect the proper functioning of these agencies. These include, inadequate personnel, insufficient funding, lack of working tools, and corruption. On the other hand, external problems aggravating insecurity situation in the area include among other things, unemployment and poverty within the populace. Hence, to re-strengthen security, a lot need to be done. However, this task does not only lie in the hands of relevant authorities, but the entire population as a whole. Some mechanisms in addressing this issue were also suggested in the write up.
From Federalism, Chinese Style, to Privatization, Chinese Style

In 1994 China began a profound reform of its state-owned enterprises. We first describe and characterize this progress in two areas: privatization of small state-owned enterprises at the county level and mass layoffs o f excess state workers at the city level. Local governments have initiated these reforms, which are proceeding in economically and politically sensible ways. We t hen argue that privatization, Chinese style, rests on an adequate economic and political foundation -- federalism, Chinese style. We suggest a range of incentives that propel local governments toward SOE reform, including their harder budget constraints and increased competition from the non-state sector. In this sense, federalism, Chinese style, has induced privatization, Chinese style.
Phylogenetic signals in the climatic niches of the world's amphibians

The question of whether closely related species share similar ecological requirements has attracted increasing attention, because of its importance for understanding global diversity gradients and the impacts of climate change on species distributions. In fact, the assumption that related species are also ecologically similar has often been made, although the prevalence of such a phylogenetic signal in ecological niches remains heavily debated. Here, we provide a global analysis of phylogenetic niche relatedness for the world's amphibians. In particular, we assess which proportion of the variance in the realised climatic niches is explained on higher taxonomic levels, and whether the climatic niches of species within a given taxonomic group are more similar than between taxonomic groups. We found evidence for phylogenetic signals in realised climatic niches although the strength of the signal varied among amphibian orders and across biogeographical regions. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing a comprehensive analysis of the phylogenetic signal in species climatic niches for an entire clade across the world. Even though our results do not provide a strong test of the niche conservatism hypothesis, they question the alternative hypothesis that niches evolve independently of phylogenetic influences.
REVIEW OF LABORATORY AND OUTDOOR EXPOSURE EFFICACY RESULTS OF ORGANIC BIOCIDE: ANTIOXIDANT COMBINATIONS, AN INITIAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF A PROPOSED MECHANISM

As previously reported, the combination of various organic biocides with relatively high levels of commercial antioxidants always increased the biocides' efficacies against wood-destroying fungi in short-term laboratory decay tests. The two principal antioxidants examined, propyl gallate (PG) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), are low cost and benign. In reviewing ground-contact outdoor exposure results, samples treated with the biocide chlorothalonil and the antioxidant BHT had 2-3-fold enhanced efficacy after four years of exposure against decay and termite degradation compared to stakes treated with only the biocide. In above-ground outdoor exposure tests after three years of exposure, lap-joint samples treated with only BHT at the relatively low retention of 0.94 kgm -3 had significantly less fungal decay than untreated samples. In addition, mini lap-joint samples treated with a quaternary formulation and 2.56 kgm -3 BHT and exposed in Hilo, HI, for two years, had more than 3-fold greater decay resistance than samples without BHT. However, relatively poor results were observed for both ground-contact and above-ground samples treated with various biocides and the antioxidant PG. Less BHT may be required to protect wood outdoors than the initial laboratory decay tests indicated. The antioxidant concept appears to be an economical option for totally organic systems. A mechanism by which BHT protects wood against fungal degradation is proposed.
Honey Consumption Patterns of Young People in Romania

The aim of the study was to identify and explore honey consumption patterns of young people (aged 18 – 30) in the Cluj region, Romania, based on primary data collected from questionnaire surveys conducted on a sample of 585 respondents. Questionnaires were distributed online via emails and social media in November 2017. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied to examine correlations between selected variables. The results showed that the majority of young people consume honey a few times per week or occasionally and their annual consumption is up to 1 kg. The highest consumption is during the winter period and honey is mostly consumed in the morning as a sweetener in beverages. Two interesting dependencies were confirmed. The first correlation was proven between frequency of consumption and healthy eating habits: respondents who consider themselves to be eating healthy have a higher frequency of honey consumption. The second correlation was proven between honey consumption habits during childhood and individual consumption: respondents with higher honey consumption per year used to consume it during their childhood on a regular basis. In conclusion, honey should be promoted among children in order to develop a positive attitude towards its consumption in their early years. The practical implications of the study are related to the possibility to initiate educational campaigns among young generations in Romania, aiming to develop sustainable honey consumption behaviour.
BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ How Does a Global Disinflation Drag Inflation in Small Open Economies ?

This paper shows how persistent world inflation shocks hitting a small open economy can re-weight the importance of domestic and foreign factors in the determination of prices. In particular, we study why a global disinflation environment may imply a weakening of the channels whereby domestic shocks affect inflation. We derive a state-dependent Phillips curve based on translog preferences that make the elasticity of substitution of domestic goods sensitive to foreign prices. With this approach we are able to replicate this dragging effect of global disinflation on domestic inflation. We also provide empirical evidence from a wide panel of countries to support the significance of such an effect. JEL Classification: E31, E52.
Effects of storage on the estimates of virus-mediated bacterial mortality based on observation of preserved seawater samples with TEM

There are reports in the literature that the long-term storage (e.g. >30 d) of fixative- preserved seawater samples causes significant decreases in bacterial (BA) and viral abundances (VA). However, the effects of storage on the frequency of visibly infected bacteria (FVIB), and conse- quently on bacterial mortality due to viral lysis (BMVL), remain to be evaluated. First, to determine the variables that facilitate the prediction of the FVIB value at the time of storage (i.e. FVIBi), we con- sidered a bacterial community composed of 2 groups (i.e. visibly infected bacteria and the others) and assumed an exponential decay relationship for the bacteria in each group during the storage of pre- served samples. In the hypothetical model, the FVIBi could be well estimated in terms of BA at the time of storage, a decay rate of BA, and FVIBf and BAf (i.e. FVIB and BA measured at the end of storage, respectively). Further, we tested this idea by applying it to 7 seawater samples that were pre- served with 2% glutaraldehyde (final conc.) and stored at different temperatures for ca. 30 d. For the 3 preserved coastal samples, considerably better estimates of BMVL were obtained by applying the theoretical consideration to estimate the FVIBi (the BMVL was estimated to be 89.9 to 118.7% of the BMVL at the time of storage (BMVLi), which was the value calculated with FVIBi) than if FVIBf was used (the BMVL was estimated to be 45.5 to 89.9% of the BMVLi value). Interestingly, estimates of the BMVL obtained for the 4 preserved offshore samples were comparable to the FVIB values mea- sured at 3 to 5 d after the start of the experiments, as in the case of preserved coastal samples in the present study, suggesting that it may be possible to estimate FVIBi values for preserved offshore sam- ples. It is recommended that the above-mentioned variables be measured in order to reliably esti- mate the FVIB value at the time of preservation for fixative-amended and frozen seawater samples that may be stored for a long time, such as oceanic cruises.
Alpha EEG Activity Depends on the Individual Dominant Rhythm Frequency

Exploring the role of the electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha oscillations in the processes of central and autonomic regulation of the cognitive and psychomotor performance generates considerable interest. However, until now there was no accurate definition of what alpha activity is, and which indices characterize it. This is a theoretical article that attempts to define EEG alpha-activity phenomena; define their physical, molecular, and morphological nature; and highlight the difference in its indices connected with different individual alpha frequencies and their role in optimal functioning. Specifically, this article examines individual alpha activity indices: (a) the individual alpha peak frequency; (b) activation magnitude measured by estimating the amount of alpha amplitude suppression in response to eyes-open and individual alpha band width; and (c) three alpha “autorhythmicity” indices: intraspindle amplitude variability, spindle length, and steepness. Throughout, the article provides a number of .
The predictive capacity of a physically based snow model to simulate point-scale , subcanopy snowmelt dynamics is evaluated in a mixed conifer forest , southern Sierra Nevada

[1] The predictive capacity of a physically based snow model to simulate point-scale, subcanopy snowmelt dynamics is evaluated in a mixed conifer forest, southern Sierra Nevada, California. Three model scenarios each providing varying levels of canopy structure detail were tested. Simulations of three water years initialized at locations of 24 ultrasonic snow depth sensors were evaluated against observations of snow water equivalent (SWE), snow disappearance date, and volumetric soil water content. When canopy model parameters canopy openness and effective leaf area index were obtained from satellite and literature-based sources, respectively, the model was unable to resolve the variable subcanopy snowmelt dynamics. When canopy parameters were obtained from hemispherical photos, the improvements were not statistically significant. However, when the model was modified to accept photo-derived time-varying direct beam canopy transmissivity, the error in the snow disappearance date was reduced by as much as one week and positive and negative biases in melt-season SWE and snow cover duration were significantly reduced. Errors in the timing of soil meltwater fluxes were reduced by 11 days on average. The optimum aggregated temporal model resolution of direct beam canopy transmissivity was determined to be 30 min; hourly averages performed no better than the bulk canopy scenarios and finer time steps did not increase overall model accuracy. The improvements illustrate the important contribution of direct shortwave radiation to subcanopy snowmelt and confirm the known nonlinear melt behavior of snow cover.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Search in audiovisual broadcast archives

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Smartphone for self-management of psychological stress: a preliminary evaluation of positive technology app

En los ultimos anos, hay un creciente interes en el uso de tecnologias avanzadas para reforzar el bienestar. Este estudio prueba la eficacia de Positive Technology, la primera aplicacion para telefono inteligente y tablet que explota el potencial de las nuevas tecnologias y biosensores portatiles para el manejo personal del estres psicologico. 68 usuarios realizaron ejercicios de relajacion guiada y biorretroalimentacion durante 120 segundos como minimo. Los ejercicios para el manejo del estres realizados con la aplicacion fueron eficaces para la reduccion del estres psicolo- gico de los usuarios. Se observa una reduccion considerable en la activacion, asociada con un aumento concomitante en la valencia hedonica tras los ejercicios de manejo del estres. Tambien una disminucion en los valores de la frecuencia cardiaca, no fue estadisticamente significativa. Estos datos preliminares sugieren que incluso un breve ejercicio para el manejo del estres realizado con una aplicacion movil podria ser util para reducir el malestar psicologico.
Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 on performance and aflatoxin residues in broilers

AFB 1 is the most abundant aflatoxin in food and animal feed, generally occurring along with low levels of other aflatoxins. In this experiment, broilers were administered corn that was naturally contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . We found that the broilers were more sensitive during the starter period and had a poor performance during the grower period. In addition, the broilers showed a significant reduction in feed intake when consuming material contaminated with 134.0 and 23.6 µg/kg of AFB 1 and AFB 2 , respectively. Our results also demonstrate that villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth significantly decreased when the broilers were fed daily with diets contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . Furthermore, AFB 1 residues in livers and breast muscles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) at levels of 0.137 and 0.016 µg/kg, respectively. The AFM 1 residue was also detected in livers at a level of 0.051 µg/kg but it was not detectable in breast muscles.
Gender Roles and Development in Transgender Children: A Review of the Literature

It is the case that transgender and gender nonconforming children are more negatively impacted by societal gender roles than children that adhere to gender norms. It is important to examine the psychological effects these children are subjected to. Factors such as parents, peers, and educational settings influence gender importance. Transgender and gender nonconforming children are at a higher risk for harassment, particularly by their peers. There are strong physiological responses in these children due to factors regarding gender. The lasting effects of gender roles on transgender and gender nonconforming children are directly tied to how they develop psychologically. The goal of this literature review is to show that transgender and gender nonconforming children are highly negatively impacted by societal gender roles and to examine the factors that contribute to the negative outcomes.
A Study of Nurses' Internal, External, and Social Images as Perceived by College Students in South Korea

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive survey study aiming to examine the internal, external, and social images of nurses as perceived by Korean college students and clarifying the relationship between these images. METHODS: This study was performed using a structured questionnaire from May 2 to 14, 2016. Data were collected from 221 college students and were statistically interpreted using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The study results are as follows: First, the internal image of nurses was scored at 3.46 points, the external image at 2.78, and the social image at 2.76. Second, a significant positive correlation was found between the internal, external, and social images as well as between the external and social images, implying the importance of both internal and external images of nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference base for devising strategies and measures for the enhancement of internal, external, and social images of nurses for future healthcare consumers.