Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher education online: a comparative analysis of online programs for free university-level education

The advent of online education programs has made university-level course material available to anyone with an internet connection. Top universities across the United States have begun offering online versions of their premier courses for free. Simply offering these courses is not enough to fully support free online education, however. In order to match more traditional, offline teaching methods, the online teaching field will need rapid iteration. To move forward with this iteration process, universities developing online courses need to first evaluate the effectiveness of their current programs. This thesis provides one evaluation perspective, using six heuristic categories (presentation style, presentation size, grading & evaluation, goals & rewards, staff support, and community) to evaluate three high-caliber, online, university-level programs (Coursera, edX, and Udacity). This thesis also offers insights into how to improve upon these programs to better meet the needs of students seeking higher education online. Thesis Supervisor: Leslie Pack Kaelbling Title: Professor Thesis Supervisor: Tomas Lozano-Perez Title: Professor
Clinical profile of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy

Thrombocytopenia is defined as platelet count of less than normal for the laboratory. This typically is at or very close to1.5 lakh/cumm. Hence platelet count of less than 1.5 lakh/cumm is called as thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is not an uncommon finding; in fact, it is the second most common hematological disorder in pregnancy after anaemia and affects nearly 6 to 15%; on an average 10% of all pregnancies. The reported prevalence of maternal thrombocytopenia is variable. In a recent survey in 2000 involving 6770 pregnant women, prevalence of thrombocytopenia was found to be 11.6%. A prospective observational study conducted to identify causes for thrombocytopenia in pregnancy along with its neonatal outcome Out of total, 30% patients delivered low birth weight babies and 70% delivered babies with birth wt of >2.5kg. Occurrence of low birth weight babies in mothers with GT and ITP were comparable being 27.3% and 33.3% respectively. APGAR score (at 1 min) of neonates was less than 7 in 12% neonates while at 5 min it was below 7 in only 1(2%) baby. Neonates born to mothers with ITP had poor 1 minute APGAR score when compared to neonates born to patients with GT. There was no significant relationship found between maternal and fetal platelet counts in patients with gestational thrombocytopenia. ITP leads to neonatal thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Cord blood, Thrombocytopenia, APGAR scoring, ITP, Gestational thrombocytopenia.
Acquisition of Overt and Null Pronoun Interpretation in L 2 Japanese

1. Abstract This study investigates the interpretation of Japanese overt 3 person pronouns by advanced L1-English/L2Japanese speakers. Results of this experiment, like those of previous experiments testing the Interface Hypothesis (IH) in Italian (Sorace & Filiaci, 2006; Belletti, Bennati & Sorace 2007), show that even highly-proficient L2 speakers diverge from L1 controls on overt pronoun interpretation, with the L2 group choosing a non-subject referent (topic-shift) for an overt pronoun less often than the L1 group. However, fundamental differences in the nature of overt pronouns in Japanese and Italian led to an even greater divergence between L1 and L2 groups in this study compared to previous IH studies, with the two groups showing qualitatively (not just quantitatively) different interpretation trends. Some individual L2ers, however, patterned identically with L1ers; eye-tracking data further reveals that when L2 participants did choose an L1-like topic-shift interpretation, they were processing like L1ers. Results suggest that L2 interpretation patterns fluctuate based on amount of current exposure to the L1 (English).
MiRNA-153 regulates cell viability and the cell cycle in bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in the urogenital system. MiRNA-153 has become a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of multiple malignant tumors. This study analyzed the influence of miRNA-153 on bladder cancer cell viability and the cell cycle. Bladder cancer cell line T24 was cultured in vitro and transfected by miRNA-153 mimics, an miRNA-153 inhibitor, and a mimic control or an inhibitor control. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry. Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and FOXO1 protein expressions were detected by Western blot. MiRNA-153 expression increased in the miRNA-153 mimic group, but miRNA-153 was reduced in the miRNA-153 inhibitor group compared to the mimic control, inhibitor control, and normal control groups (P < 0.05). Cell viability was alleviated in the miRNA-153 mimic group, but cell viability was enhanced in the miRNA-153 inhibitor group compared with the control (P < 0.05). Cell proportion in the S phase increased in the miRNA-153 mimic group, but it was attenuated in the miRNA-153 inhibitor group compared with the control (P < 0.05). The Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and FOXO1 proteins were downregulated in the miRNA-153 mimic group, but they were elevated in the miRNA-153 inhibitor group compared with the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, miRNA-153 suppressed cell viability and arrested the cell cycle in bladder cancer T24 cells by inhibiting the Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and FOXO1 proteins.
Menstrual characteristics and association of body mass index with dysmenorrhoea among the medical students in South India

Introduction: Menstrual cycle is a physiological phenomenon consisting of cyclical shedding of endometrium, occurring on an average of 28±7 days in every woman’s life in response to hormones during their reproductive years. The production of hormones from hypothalamus (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), pituitary (FSH and LH) and ovaries (progesterone and androstenedione, etc.) are regulated by positive and negative feedback mechanisms. The interaction of these hormones result in the menstrual cycles. Dysmenorrhea, is a cyclical painful cramping sensation in the lower abdomen, which might radiate to the back, occurring before and/or during menstruation. Its prevalence ranges between 25-90%. Medical students endure relatively greater amount of stress due to the vast subject which is to be studied in their MBBS course coupled with the lack of outdoor physical activity. Also, a high prevalence of irregularity of periods if undetected early can lead to polycystic ovarian diseases which are one of the causes of infertility. The menstrual characteristics (the menstrual cycle bleeding patterns, length, etc.) are important indicators of endocrine and uterine dysfunctions/abnormalities like Polycystic Ovarian Disorders. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the menstrual pattern in young adult females. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among female MBBS students and interns of a medical college in South India. Data was collected in a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of details regarding the menstrual history followed by clinical examination and relevant investigations as necessary. Results: Total 204 female MBBS students with an average age of 21.1±2 years participated in the study. Polymenorrhea and oligomenorrhea was seen in 3% and 13% of the students respectively. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 53.9% of the students. Study found that a high percentage (83.3%) of students who were over weight/obese suffered from dysmenorrhea. Whe
Momentum Life Cycle Hypothesis Revisited ∗

In their seminal paper, Lee and Swaminathan (2000) propose a momentum life cycle (MLC) hypothesis, which states that turnover plays a crucial role in explaining the coexistence of short-term momentum and long-term reversal, and that high-turnover losers and low-turnover winners experience stronger persistence in performance. We show that the hypothesis holds only partially because only high-turnover losers experience persistent performance. Further analysis indicate, however, that the turnover effect and price momentum are two separate effects driven by different combinations of fundamental and behavioral forces. In particular, the explanatory power of the MLC hypothesis disappears after returns are controlled for the turnover effect and the price momentum. JEL Classification: G12; G14.
A novel approach for rapid in vitro morphogenesis in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum Mill . ) with the application of cobalt chloride

The plant growth and development is greatly influenced by ethylene. In this study the role of cobalt chloride was assessed on callus induction, in vitro shoot regeneration and number of shoot primordial in three cultivars of tomato using hypocotyls and leaf discs as explants sources. The highest callogenesis was recorded using hypocotyls and the efficient in vitro shoot regeneration was recorded using leaf discs in all the tested genotypes. The highest callogenesis was recorded in cv. Rio Grande on callus induction medium (CIM) supplemented with CoCl2 (5.5 mg/l), IAA (2.0 mg/l) and BAP (2.5 mg/l) followed by cv. Roma whose best calli induction (73.66%) was obtained on CIM supplemented with CoCl2 (4.5 mg/l), IAA (1.0 mg/l) and BAP (2.5 * Corresponding author: shaukat_parc@yahoo.co.in Sabir Hussain Shah, Shaukat Ali, Ghulam Muhammad AliA novel approach for rapid in vitro morphogenesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) with the application of cobalt chloride EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. I, Issue 9 / December 2013 2703 mg/l). In case of cv. Moneymaker the efficient callogenesis was secured on CIM having CoCl2 (3.5 mg/l), NAA (2.0 mg/l) and BAP (2.0 mg/l). The highest in vitro shoot regeneration (85%, 81% and 78%) was achieved in Rio Grande, Moneymaker and Roma, respectively on shoot induction media supplemented with CoCl2 (4.25 – 5.0 mg/l). The maximum mean number of multiple shoots per explants (7.00) were recorded on MS media supplemented with IAA – ZEA – BAP (0.1 1.0 2.0) (mg/l) along with CoCl2 (5.0 mg/l) in Roma followed by Rio Grande (6.66) and Moneymaker (6.00) which were using leaf discs as explants sources. The enhancement of in vitro morphogenesis using cobalt chloride infers that ethylene has an inhibitory role in tomato callogenesis and organogenesis.
Evaluation of medical X-ray machines in Paraíba state radiology centers between 2008 and 2009*

Objective: To evaluate the light and radiation fields congruence and radiation beam alignment in medical X-ray equipment in Paraíba state radiology centers by means of two quality control tests. Materials and Methods: A loaded cassette, a measuring tape and a bubble level were utilized in the field size and alignment testing. The evaluation of collimation systems accuracy and X-ray beam alignment was undertaken during health inspections performed in radiology centers between 2008 and 2009. Results: In 2008, 121 X-ray machines were evaluated in the Paraíba state. In 2009, 117 machines were tested. From this universe, 86 machines were selected for comparison, since they were evaluated both in 2008 and 2009, with 18.60% (n = 16) showing test results improvement from one year to another. Conclusion: The percentage of problematic X-ray machines decreased between 2008 and 2009, notwithstanding no quality assurance program has been observed in Paraíba state radiology centers.
Contributing Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children under Two Years Attending Family Health Centers in Alexandria

Iron deficiency is one of the biggest contributing factors to the global burden of anemia. It is an indicator of both poor nutrition and poor health. Iron deficiency is considered as one of the ten leading global risk factors in terms of its attributable disease burden. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contributing factors of iron deficiency anemia among children under 2 years attending family health centers in Alex. Exploratory descriptive study design was adopted to carry out this study. The study was conducted at four family health centers in Alexandria chosen randomly from seven zones . Total sample was 400 healthy children aged 12 to 24 months and their mothers. Two tools were developed and used by the researcher in order to collect the necessary data. The findings of the present study revealed that, the prevalence of anemia was 77% among children under 2 years. Minimum to maximum age was 12-21months for not anemic infants with a mean age of 15.3±3.1 and 12-24 months for anemic infants with a mean of 17±2.6. male infants constitute more than half (54.3%) not anemic and 50.3% anemic infants, while, female infants constitute 45.7% of not anemic infants, and 49.7% of anemic infants. Statistically significant differences was found between two groups regarding level of father & mother education ,residence, weight ,height ,hemoglobin% of children and intake of iron. About 50% of not anemic mothers’ practices regarding weaning practices were scored as good (correct) practices (which means correct time &types of food) compared to only11.7% of anemic mothers’ practices. The study concluded that the socio economic factors, faulty weaning and feeding practices are the main contributing factors of anemia among children under 2 years. It is recommended that all efforts should be directed to promote nutrition well-being of young children. As the nutritional well of young children reflects household, community, and national investments in family health and contributes in both direct and indirect ways to the country’s development. [Amina Ahmed Mohamed and Ahmed samir abo-donia. Contributing Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children under Two Years Attending Family Health Centers in Alexandria. Life Science Journal 2011; 8(4):996-1007]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 127
Fiscal Policy is Simply Instrument that Bring Money for Developing in Country BEESLEY REVOL

In the context, As a result of several reforms fiscalism domain throughout in period of the twentieth century, which accelerated decade during the 1980s and 1990s, the tax system of today’s whatever countries can nowadays, in its main architecture, be considered as a modern system for the first, and then similar to what practice in all countries with external economies. My aim is realize article in terms of implementation to manage an alternation of tax management by intrinsic policy and managerial policy of the system of contribution for all. By the methodology, including the way takes the information and statistical technique, inference of results and discussion, the sources and architecture of study. Fiscal policy discussion is a mechanism that brings in money, because, while waiting for a better solution, it is the only pragmatic way for governments to obtain the adequate financial resources they need to offer products and state services required by a majority of the population. The underpinning of an adequate tax system is, for underdeveloped countries, a gigantic challenge. In fact, most laborers found within the country for the economic activities of these countries are, in principle, employed in agriculture or in small informal firms. Since they are difficult to receive a fixed and regular amount, their income varies constantly and is often paid in cash, sometimes falls short of any accounting record and complicates the calculation of the income tax base. At last taxation policy is to carry out policies for the registration of these companies there. The major need of a country for financing for development is to recognize the fiscal resources that are the epicenter of any state.
Age-Related Structural Alterations in Human Amygdala Networks: Reflections on Correlations Between White Matter Structure and Effective Connectivity

The amygdala, which is involved in human social information processing and socio-emotional response neuronal circuits, is segmented into three subregions that are responsible for perception, affiliation, and aversion. Though there is different functional and effective connectivity (EC) among these networks, age-related structural changes and associations between structure and function within the amygdala remain unclear. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data (106 participants) to investigate age-related structural changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) of amygdalar subregions. We also examined the relationship between FA and EC within the subregions. We found that the FA of the amygdalar subregions exhibited inverted-U-shape trends with age. Moreover, over the human lifespan, there were negative correlations between the FA of the right ventrolateral amygdala (VLA.R) and the Granger-based EC (GC) of VLA.R → perception network (PerN), the FA of the VLA.R and the GC of the net flow from VLA.R → PerN, and the FA of the left dorsal amygdala (DorA.L) and the GC of the aversion network (AveN). Conversely, there was a positive correlation between the FA of the DorA.L and the GC of the net flow from DorA.L → AveN. Our results suggest that age-related changes in the function of the brain are constrained by the underlying white matter architectures, while the functional information flow changes influence white matter structure. This work increases our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms in the maturation and aging process.
Route of Vaccine Administration Influences the Impact of Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (Flt3L) on Chlamydial-Specific Protective Immune Responses

We tested the hypothesis that the impact of the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-ligand (Flt3L; FL) on recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghost (rVCG) vaccine-induced chlamydial immunity is influenced by route of vaccine delivery. Female C57BL/6J mice were immunized rectally (IR) or intramuscularly (IM) with rVCG co-expressing the Chlamydia trachomatis PmpD and PorB proteins (rVCG- PmpD/PorB) with and without FL or glycoprotein D of HSV-2 (rVCG-gD2) as antigen control. Vaccine evaluation was based on measurement of T cell proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine, and humoral responses at systemic and mucosal compartments, and protection against intravaginal challenge infection. Results revealed that high levels of CD4+ T cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, were elicited in mice as a function of both IR and IM immunization. Unexpectedly, co-administration of vaccine with FL enhanced specific Th1-type cytokine levels and T cell proliferative responses following IR but not IM immunization. While administration of vaccine with FL enhanced the specific mucosal and systemic IgA antibody responses following both immunization routes, IgG2c responses were not enhanced following IR delivery. The vaccine-induced immune effectors protected mice against live heterologous C. muridarum infection irrespective of route of vaccine administration, with the regimen incorporating FL having a protective advantage. Further evaluation showed that protection afforded by the FL adjuvanted vaccine was facilitated by CD4+ T cells, as indicated by reduction in the intensity and duration of genital chlamydial shedding by naïve mice following adoptive transfer of immune CD4+ T cells. Taken together, the results indicate that comparable protective immunity, which is enhanced by co-delivery with FL, is elicited in the female genital tract against Chlamydia infection after mucosal and systemic administration, highlighting the ability of FL to function as an effective immunostimulator at both mucosal and systemic sites. The differential modulation of humoral and cellular immune responses, and protective immunity afforded by the FL adjuvanted vaccine following IR administration indicates that the immunomodulatory impact of FL on chlamydial-specific immunity is influenced by the route of vaccine administration. Thus, targeting of VCG-based vaccines to antigen presenting cells by co-delivery with FL is a feasible immunization approach for inducing effective chlamydial immunity in the female genital tract.
Contrasting Gene Expression Profiles of Monocytes and Lymphocytes From Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants Virus Infected Goats

In this study, transcriptome analysis of PPRV infected PBMC subsets—T helper cells, T cytotoxic cells, monocytes, and B lymphocytes was done to delineate their role in host response. PPRV was found to infect lymphocytes and not monocytes. The established receptor for PPRV—SLAM was found downregulated in lymphocytes and non-differentially expressed in monocytes. A profound deviation in the global gene expression profile with a large number of unique upregulated genes (851) and downregulated genes (605) was observed in monocytes in comparison to lymphocytes. ISGs—ISG15, Mx1, Mx2, RSAD2, IFIT3, and IFIT5 that play a role in antiviral response and the genes for viral sensors—MDA5, LGP2, and RIG1, were found to be upregulated in lymphocytes and downregulated in monocytes. The transcription factors—IRF-7 and STAT-1 that regulate expression of most of the ISGs were found activated in lymphocytes and not in monocytes. Interferon signaling pathway and RIG1 like receptor signaling pathway were found activated in lymphocytes and not in monocytes. This contrast in gene expression profiles and signaling pathways indicated the predominant role of lymphocytes in generating the antiviral response against PPRV in goats, thus, giving us new insights into host response to PPRV.
Optimal Control Problem of a Non-integer Order Waterborne Pathogen Model in Case of Environmental Stressors

In this work, we extend a mathematical model, which has been proposed for susceptible and infected compartments together with pathogen population, by including recovered subgroup. It is known that environmental pollution, such as contaminated drinking water and lack of an ordinary toilet, affects individuals and such negative impacts can be defined as “stressors. ” In order to include the influence of such stressors, susceptible subpopulation has been divided into two groups as the one affected by stress or not. Thus, spread of the disease is expressed in terms of a five-dimensional system.Moreover, we extend this model with the use of a time fractional derivative due to non-local effects of water pollution and we prove that the solution is non-negative and bounded from above. Then, we perform stability analysis for the disease-free equilibrium point. Afterward, the next step is to apply optimal control theory to optimize the decay rate of pathogens and the stress related parameters so that the number of infected individuals and the pathogen population can be minimized. Finally, we present some numerical results to find out the most appropriate control policy and the effect of the fractional order.