Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case studies of environmental visualization

The performance gap between simulation and reality has been identified as a major challenge to achieving sustainability in the Built Environment. While Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) surveys are an integral part of better understanding building performance, and thus addressing this issue, the importance of POE remains relatively unacknowledged within the wider Built Environment community. A possible reason that has been highlighted is that POE survey data is not easily understood and utilizable by non-expert stakeholders, including designers. A potential method by which to address this is the visualization method, which has well established benefits for communication of big datasets. This paper presents two case studies where EnViz (short for “Environmental Visualization”), a prototype software application developed for research purposes, was utilized and its effectiveness tested via a range of analysis tasks. The results are discussed and compared with those of previous work that utilized variations of the methods presented here. The paper concludes by presenting the lessons drawn from the five-year period of EnViz, emphasizing the potential of environmental visualization for decision support in environmental design and engineering for the built environment, and suggests directions for future development.
The servicescape as an antecedent to service quality and behavioral intentions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the servicescape should be subsumed as a dimension within service quality conceptualizations or whether it is a unique construct in itself which precedes service quality evaluations and behavioral intentions. The authors both propose and operationalize this model and in doing so make a theoretical contribution by demonstrating how a delineation between these two constructs is necessary in order for theory to progress in this area. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 355 customers were intercepted as they exited a retail store and surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses. Findings – This paper finds that it is more appropriate to model the servicescape as a separate construct which precedes service quality thus highlighting a need for a demarcation to be made between these important constructs. In addition, the authors find that design is a signific.
Outcome of 48 pediatric patients with chronic fatigue. A clinical experience.

OBJECTIVE To define outcomes of pediatric patients with chronic fatigue. DESIGN Cohort study with a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. SETTING Outpatient pediatrics department at a university health center. PATIENTS Patients 21 years old and younger referred by their private physicians for evaluation of unexplained fatigue lasting at least 3 months. INTERVENTION Patients were seen from January 1986 through April 1990 and were telephoned in April 1992 to determine outcome. RESULTS Of the 55 patients who were evaluated from 1986 to 1990, an organic cause of the fatigue, sinusitis, was found for one. Of the 54 patients with unexplained fatigue, 48 were contacted in 1992. The mean age of these 48 patients was 15 years; 73% were female. Fatigue was present a mean of 7 months before evaluation, and in 78% an acute illness preceded the fatigue. Most patients believed their fatigue had an organic cause. In general, laboratory studies were not helpful. All patients were encouraged to resume normal functioning despite their symptoms. At follow-up, 65% reported resolution of symptoms, 29% reported improvement, and 6% were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric patients with chronic fatigue, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions should be based on positive findings; with simple encouragement, the prognosis is excellent. Based on this experience, we suggest a structured approach to the management of pediatric patients with chronic fatigue.
Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus in a cheese produced by local lactic acid bacteria

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that infects the milk and dairy products including cheese, causing food borne infections in humans. The objective is to scrutinize the growth and evolution of S. Aureus in cheese made with lactic acid bacteria isolated from local plants that are Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis biovar diacetylactis. In the first part, the milk that was used in the manufacture of cheese was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus , the antimicrobial activity was studied vis-a-vis S. aureus and the antagonistic effect of the latter against the lactic strains. In the second part, we performed counts of lactococci and S. aureus as the contaminated cheese in various stages of cheese production. From contaminated milk before manufacture of cheese, we have noticed a steady decline of lactic ferments after curdling and in parallel we have seen a decrease in the number of S. aureus during the early stages of production to increase again in the salting. The results of contaminated cheeses after their manufacture revealed a significant decrease in lactic strains and the pathogenic strain in both types of cheese after 24 and 72 h of their contamination. Lactococci don't have inhibitory activity vis-a-vis S. aureus , and S. aureus did not inhibit lactic strains used in the manufacture of cheese. Thus, it preserves its contamination and poses a risk to human health.
Risk factors for and sequelae of headaches in schoolchildren with clinical implications from a psychosocial perspective.

Functional headache, by definition, is a headache not associated with organic diseases. It is a common symptom in school children and can cause potentially serious health problems, affecting their growth and development. Therefore, this report synthesizes the literature about functional headaches in schoolchildren from a psychosocial perspective. This report examines the research on risk factors and sequelae of headaches in children, presents a framework to guide the conceptualization of this phenomenon, and suggests an application of this framework for clinical practice.
Interactions of a new 2‐styrylchromone with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

Many chromones, especially those having 2‐substituents, manifest a remarkable variety of biological activities, such as the important cytotoxicity against human leukaemia cells, antiallergic, anticancer activities; unfortunately chromones normally disturb mitochondrial bioenergetics. A new 2‐styrylchromone has been synthesized by the Baker–Venkataraman method and a classical approach has been used to assess the effects of 2‐styrylchromone (3′‐allyl‐4′,5,7‐trimethoxy‐2‐styrylchromone) on rat liver mitochondrial bioenergetic. Mitochondrial respiratory rate and transmembrane potential were measured polarographically using a Clark oxygen electrode and with a selective electrode, respectively. All the disturbance induced by 2‐styrylchromone on the enzymatic activities (succinate dehydrogenase, succinate cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase) and in the mitochondrial osmotic volume were determined spectrophotometrically. State 4, state 3, and uncoupled (presence of carbonylcyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) respiration rates were decreased by 2‐styrylchromone in a concentration‐dependent manner. Depression of respiratory activity promoted by 2‐styrylchromone is essentially mediated through partial inhibition of succinate cytochrome c reductase. Phosphorylation capacity was strongly depressed as a result of an inhibition on the enzymatic complex (F0F1‐ATPase) and also because of a deleterious effect on the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, which uncoupled the respiration‐generated proton gradient with the proton‐driven phosphorylation. The structural integrity of the outside membrane is severely affected since cytochrome c can be released. 2‐Styrylchromone uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by an inhibitory action on the redox chain and ATP synthase activity. Additionally, it can release cytochrome c. Cell death can probably result due to the induction of procaspase‐9 and other procaspases and by a strong decrease of the available ATP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:220–226, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10042
Comparative morphology of three types of projection‐identified pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers of cat visual cortex

The morphology and dendritic organization of corticocortical neurons in the superficial layers of area 18 that project to area 17 were studied by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in the fixed‐slice preparation. This corticocortical population contains primarily standard pyramidal cells, but occasional nonpyramidal, modified, fusiform, star, and inverted pyramidal cells were also seen. All cell types were present throughout layer 2 and in the upper and middle parts of layer 3. Standard pyramidal cells were found exclusively in lower layer 3. The mean somatic area of the area 17 projecting neurons was 251 μm2. The width of basal dendritic fields was correlated to cell size for standard pyramidal cells but not for the other cell types.
Haemoconcentration in neurological decompression illness.

Decompression illness (DCI) is attributed to the formation of bubbles, resulting from the reduction of the ambient pressure. Circulating bubbles lead to capillary leak syndrome, extravasation of plasma and haemoconcentration. Experimental model on animals has shown that a haemoconcentration carried a poor prognosis. We measured the haematocrit level in fifty-eight consecutive sport divers, victims of neurological DCI, admitted to our hyperbaric center, and in sixteen control divers. No significant difference was found in the haematocrit values between the divers with neurological DCI (median 42.5%) and the controls (median 41.75%). The median haematocrit level was significantly higher for divers with neurological sequelae when compared with control (p = 0.01) or with divers without sequelae (p < 0.05). A haematocrit level > or = 48% was correlated with persistent neurological sequelae one month after the accident (p = 0.01). However, a haematocrit < 48% had no prognostic value.
Fatal Myocardial Infarction Following Carotid Endarterectomy: Three Hundred Thirty‐five Patients Followed 6–11 Years After Operation

From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio Routine coronary angiography has been recommended to all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy at the Cleveland Clinic since 1978. Patients found to have severe, correctable coronary artery disease (CAD) have been advised to undergo myocardial revascularization as a staged or combined procedure in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy in an attempt to reduce the incidence of fatal myocardial infarction during the postoperative period, and during the late follow-up interval. In order to provide an historic standard with which the results of this approach may eventually be compared, complete follow-up information has been obtained for 95% of 335 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy between 1969 and 1973. Fatal myocardial infarction accounted for 60% of early deaths within 30 days of operation and occurred in 1.8% of the entire series. Among the patients who survived operation, the five-year mortality rate was 27%, and the 11-year mortality rate was 48%. Myocardial infarction caused 37% of the deaths that occurred within five years after operation and 38% of the deaths that have occurred within 11 years. Differences in the incidence of fatal myocardial infarction within five years after operation between a group of 116 patients who had no clinical evidence of CAD and a group of 209 patients suspected to have CAD attained statistical significance (p ≤ 0.1) despite the fact that 67 patients suspected to have CAD eventually underwent myocardial revascularization. Improvement in actuarial survival (p ≤ 0.05) and reduction in the late mortality rate (p ≤ 0.01) were statistically significant for the subset of patients with suspected CAD who had aortocoronary bypass graft procedures
Effect of CPS14217C>A genotype on valproic‐acid‐induced hyperammonemia

Background: In order to clarify the factors causing hyperammonemia and to predict occurrences during treatment with valproic acid (VPA), we investigated the effect of the genetic polymorphism of carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase 1 (CPS14217C>A) on susceptibility of hyperammonemia, together with the effect of coadministration of other anticonvulsants.
Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to the Development of Memory Formation

The development of the brain, particularly the protracted maturation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), supports the development of episodic memory. Yet how different regions of the PFC functionally mature to support age-related increases in memory performance remains unclear. We investigated the PFC contribution to subsequent memory (SM) of encoded visual scenes in children, adolescents, and young adults (n = 83). We identified distinct patterns of PFC activations supporting SM: regions in the lateral PFC showed positive SM effects, whereas regions in the superior and medial PFC showed negative SM effects. Both positive and negative SM effects increased with age. The magnitude of negative SM effects in the superior PFC partially mediated the age-related increase in memory. Functional connectivity between lateral PFC and regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) increased with age during successful memory formation. In contrast, functional connectivity between the superior PFC and regions in the MTL decreased with age, suggesting an age-related increase in the anti-correlation between these regions. These findings highlight the differential involvement of regions within the PFC supporting memory formation.
Interneurons Immunoreactive for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) are Extensively Innervated by Parvalbumin‐Containing Boutons in Rat Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Sensory perception results from the synchronized action of large ensembles of cortical neurons. Receptive field properties of such neurons in sensory areas strongly depend on circuits utilizing the inhibitory amino acid transmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABAergic neurons often co‐localize neuropeptides and/or calcium‐binding proteins in a cell‐type specific manner. We have taken advantage of this fact to study the synaptic circuitry involving presynaptic parvalbumin‐containing boutons (originating from horizontally extensive basket cells) and postsynaptic VlP‐immunoreactive GABAergic targets which mostly have a vertically oriented axonal field. Abundant appositions between parvalbumin‐immunoreactive boutons and all VIP‐stained neurons were observed at the light microscopic level. The numbers of contacts ranged between three and well over 20 for single VIP cells. The higher numbers were especially frequent in the supragranular and granular layers contacting the numerous bipolar, as well as multipolar VIP cells located there; but the VlP‐immunoreactive neurons in the infragranular layers were also targeted by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive boutons without exception, albeit in more variable, mostly lower numbers. Correlated electron microscopic investigations revealed that virtually all of these light microscopically observed appositions resembled symmetric synaptic specializations. The vast majority were located on the soma or proximal dendrites of the VIP‐positive neurons. Since pyramidal cells, in turn, represent a major target for the parvalbumin and VIP synapses, the activation of these synapses may lead to coherent oscillations providing the necessary clock function to synchronize pyramidal cell discharges, both across and within cortical columns.
Comparison of bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and conventional diagnostic microbiology methods: agreement, speed and cost implications

ABSTRACT Identification of microbial pathogens still relies primarily on culture and phenotypic methods, which is labour-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, identification of bacteria with valid standard identification using BD Phoenix, API panels and other recommended procedures is compared to identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using the MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics) in the setting of a routine NHS diagnostic microbiology laboratory. In total, 928 bacterial isolates obtained from blood (n=463), wounds and pus (n=208), respiratory tract (n = 100), faeces (n=86) and urines (n=71) were analysed. There were 721 (77.7%) isolates with a MALDI Biotyper score ≥2.0, indicating secure genus and probable species identification; and 149 (16.1%) isolates with a score ≥1.7 and <2.0 indicating probable genus identification. The isolates with scores of ≥2.0 and ≥1.7 comprised 31 and 33 genera and 65 and 67 species, respectively. Overall, 99.4% and 99.1% of organism identifications were in agreement between the MALDI Biotyper and conventional identification at the genus level, and 89.3% and 87.8% at species level when analysing organisms with MALDI Biotyper scores ≥2.0 and ≥1.7, respectively. With many but not all organisms, identification at the genus level is sufficient; however, MALDI Biotyper separation of 208 staphylococci into Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci was always correct when scores were ≥1.7. First results were obtained after 5–10 min and analysis of a full 96-well target plate was completed in approximately 90 min. Substantial savings of between £1.79 and £2.56 per isolate, depending on the cost model of acquisition of the MALDI Biotyper system and number of isolates tested, would be realised when all 928 isolates were identified using the MALDI Biotyper and disk-susceptibility testing when compared to the cost for 618 Phoenix ID panels and 158 API panels and disk-susceptibility tests only (i.e., not taking into account costs incurred for identification of the remaining 152 mixed isolates). Microbial identification by MALDI Biotyper offers a rare opportunity for significant cost-neutral or even cost-saving quality improvements in medical diagnostics.
Review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in Canada.

This paper reviews common therapeutic applications of antimicrobials in broiler chicken production in relation to Canadian guidelines, surveillance data, and emerging public health concerns about antimicrobial use (AMU). Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus spp. , were reviewed because of their animal health and economic significance. Enterococcus cecorum and Salmonella were included because of their importance in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. This review identified that i) antimicrobials are available in Canada to treat infections by these agents, but may be through over the counter or extra-label use, ii) prevalence rates for these diseases are unknown, iii) antimicrobial use estimates in broilers are lacking, and iv) AMR has emerged in clinical isolates, though data are very sparse. This review highlights the need for surveillance of AMU and AMR in broiler chickens in Canada.
Autism: the quest for the genes

Autism, at its most extreme, is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, and recent studies have indicated that autism spectrum disorders are considerably more common than previously supposed. However, although one of the most heritable neuropsychiatric syndromes, autism has so far eluded attempts to discover its genetic origins in the majority of cases. Several whole-genome scans for autism-susceptibility loci have identified specific chromosomal regions, but the results have been inconclusive and fine mapping and association studies have failed to identify the underlying genes. Recent advances in knowledge from the Human Genome and HapMap Projects, and progress in technology and bioinformatic resources, have aided study design and made data generation more efficient and cost-effective. Broadening horizons about the landscape of structural genetic variation and the field of epigenetics are indicating new possible mechanisms underlying autism aetiology, while endophenotypes are being used in an attempt to break down the complexity of the syndrome and refine genetic data. Although the genetic variants underlying idiopathic autism have proven elusive so far, the future for this field looks promising.
A novel Kondo effect in single atom transistors

We report the first observation of the Kondo effect in a single gate-tunable atom transistor fabricated using a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible architecture. In this new geometry the presence of both orbital and of spin degrees of freedom leads to a considerably higher Kondo temperature and allows for tunability of the effect. The described mechanisms of transport are of fundamental importance for silicon nano-electronics as they demonstrate once again the influence of the valleys in determining the electronic properties of Si nano-structures.
Buccal mucosal urethroplasty for treatment of recurrent hemospermia in a stallion.

CASE Description-An 11-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was admitted for intermittent hemospermia of 4 years' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS A linear vertical defect had been detected endoscopically following multiple episodes of hemospermia on the caudodorsal convex surface of the urethra at the level of the ischial arch. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME When sexual rest alone did not result in complete healing of the urethral defect, a subischial urethrotomy and buccal mucosal urethroplasty were performed. The surgical site healed without complication. Four months of sexual rest was recommended after surgery. Repeat endoscopy at 4 months allowed inspection of the urethral graft site. Following endoscopic examination, resumption of semen collection was recommended on the basis of the apparent healing at the urethral defect site. Hemospermia did not reoccur following surgical repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Buccal mucosal urethroplasty resulted in a favorable outcome in a stallion with recurrent hemospermia. Buccal mucosal urethroplasty may be a useful surgical option in stallions that have hemospermia secondary to a urethral defect and do not heal with sexual rest alone.
Amoxapine as an Antipsychotic: Comparative Study Versus Haloperidol

It has been proposed that the lack of extrapyramidal side effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs is caused by their fast dissociation or low affinity for the D2 receptor or their concomitant high affinity for other receptors, for example, 5HT2 and D4. We noted that amoxapine, an established antidepressant, has affinity for 5HT2 and D2 receptors, and its effects in preclinical model are very similar to atypical antipsychotics. The objective of this study was to examine the antipsychotic effect and side effect profile of amoxapine versus haloperidol in a double-blind study for 6 weeks in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 54 patients with schizophrenia were titrated to the starting dose of 150 mg/d of amoxapine or 5 mg/d of haloperidol within 3 days. Clinical efficacy and side effects were monitored at baseline, and Weeks 2, 4, and 6. Forty-one patients completed 5 weeks, and 36 patients completed the 6 weeks of follow-up. Both treatment groups showed significant improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive (30%) and total scores (20%), without significant differences between the groups. In addition, in the amoxapine group, significant improvement was seen in the negative symptoms and the Clinical Global Impression. No significant changes were seen on Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, side effect checklists, and prolactin levels in both groups. The results suggest that amoxapine may be as effective an antipsychotic as haloperidol as predicted by its affinity for D2 and 5HT2 receptors, supporting earlier studies. However, it did not prove to have fewer extrapyramidal side effects than haloperidol, possibly because the baseline scores were very low.