Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Ultrasound in Determining the Severity of Hallux Valgus: Ultrasonic Characteristics of Abductor Hallucis Muscle

H Valgus is a forefoot deformity involving progressive lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal resulting in a medial prominence at the first metatarsophalangeal joint [1]. Such a deformity is more common in older population with estimated prevalence of 36% in those over 65, while the prevalence rate in adults between 18 and 65 years is 23% [2]. Although the deformity may remain asymptomatic, it has been associated with cosmetic appearance concerns, pain and reduced health-related quality of life [3]. Previous studies introduced some risk factors, which involve hallux valgus including increasing age, being female, a positive family history of hallux valgus, abnormal hind foot kinematics, wearing high heels or tight footwear [4-6]. Bony abnormalities (roundshaped first metatarsal head, long first metatarsal, bipartite medial sesamoids) and muscular abnormalities (accessory extensor hallucis longus tendon and accessory tibialis posterior tendon) have also been linked to the deformity [7-9]. Despite the involvement of abductor hallucis muscle in the pathomechanics of this deformity, a limited number of studies have investigated the abductor hallucis muscle with hallux valgus [4]. Although studies indicated that the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging as well as EMG are the choice tools in the evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders [9], evidence has also shown that ultrasound proves similar validity to EMG and manual muscle testing in assessing neuromuscular pathologies in extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles with an added advantage in its ability to visualize muscle atrophy [10]. Hence, the aim of this study is to employ musculoskeletal ultrasound to determine significant differences between dorsoplantar (DP) thickness, medio-lateral (ML) width and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the abductor hallucis muscle among different severities of hallux valgus. This cross-sectional study was performed on 50 participants aged over 20 years attending Boo-Ali hospital in Tehran, Iran from April 2014 to April 2015. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Azad University and written informed consent for participation was obtained. Exclusion criteria included history of foot or ankle surgery, current trauma to the foot and ankle, a neuromuscular condition or a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis or diabetes mellitus. Hallux valgus was measured using Manchester Scale which utilizes four photographs of increasing severity of hallux valgus (Figure1). This tool has been shown to have excellent reliability and validity in both clinical assessment and self-assessment of hallux valgus [2]. The scale is graded 0 for no deformity, 1 for mild deformity, 2 for moder-
On the pathogenesis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver

Fifty‐one focal nodular hyperplasia lesions from 36 patients were examined histologically. Serial sections and three‐dimensional models were studied in selected cases. Lesions were multiple in 19% of patients. Thirty‐four patients were female. One case had 11 focal nodular hyperplasia lesions and 7 hemangiomata in the liver. Three had astrocytoma and one had anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Morphometric analysis revealed that the lesions were supplied by an anomalous artery larger than expected for the locale in the liver. This artery branched to form a spider‐like structure and was usually not accompanied by a portal vein or duct. Each terminal arterial branch supplied a separate nodule 1 mm in diameter; adjacent nodules coalesced to form the focal nodular hyperplasia lesion. The arterial blood appeared to drain directly into the sinusoids of the nodule.
EFFICACY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII LEAF EXTRACT FOR ATTENUATING THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN ANIMAL MODELS

Diabetes was induced in male adult albino rats by injecting streptozotocin (65 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) and left untreated for 9 weeks for the development of nephropathy. Animals were treated with methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng leaf (MEMK) at two dose levels (200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and with standard drug Glimipride (2mg/kg) for 40 days in order to analyse its renoprotective effect, by evaluating metabolic profile, renal function test, electrolyte concentration in blood and urine along with its antioxidant status and histopathological studies. Nephropathy was noted in diabetic rats between 8 th -9 th week by assessing significant increase in polyuria, proteinuria, serum glucose, albuminuria, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. On 40 days of treatment of MEMK, serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, triglyceride including the kidney functions were greatly improved as evidenced by amelioration of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum inulin, total protein concentration, albumin and serum electrolytes (Type IV renal tubular acidosis) and also improvement in antioxidant with decrease in malodialdehyde and increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-s-transferase levels. Histopathological studies of nephropathic animals showed chronic glomerulonephritis with marked improvementin treatment groups. Data from this study suggest that M. koenigii (L.) Spreng leaf possesses a protective effect and attenuates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in animals.
p 16 INK 4 a and p 15 INK 4 b gene promoter methylation in cervical cancer patients

The aim of this study was to determine the methylation status of the p16INK4a, p14ARF and p15INK4b genes and the subsequent effect of hypermethylation on the expression of these genes in cervical cancer patients. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed to analyse the methylation status of p16INK4a, p14ARF and p15INK4b genes and was confirmed by sequencing. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was carried out to determine changes in the expression of the genes due to hypermethylation. Hypermethylation of the p16INK4a, p14ARF and p15INK4b gene promoters was observed in 36, 8.8 and 11.2%, respectively, of 125 cervical cancer samples from a north Indian population. Methylation of p16INK4a was significantly (P<0.001) associated with the cervical cancer cases. Significant association of p16INK4a hypermethylation with passive smoking and oral contraceptive use was also observed. Methylation of p15INK4b was also found to be significant (P<0.05). Our findings did not reveal any correlation between the promoter methylation of p16INK4a, p14ARF and p15INK4b with factors, including age and human papillomavirus infection. mRNA expression was significantly reduced in patients with a methylated promoter (P<0.001) of p16INK4a compared to patients with an unmethylated promoter. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating significant hypermethylation of p15INK4b and p16INK4a genes among cervical cancer patients in a north Indian population, and a significant association of p16INK4a hypermethylation with passive smoking and oral contraceptive use.
Dispersals of placental carnivorous mammals ( Carnivoramorpha , Oxyaenodonta & Hyaenodontida ) near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary : a climatic and almost worldwide story

During the Late Paleocene and around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, there were important mammalian dispersals in Laurasia involving earliest modern mammals such as rodents, primates, perissodactyls, and artiodactyls. The placental carnivorous mammals (Viverravidae, “Miacidae”, Hyaenodontida, Oxyaenodonta) importantly took part in these dispersals. The present article shows that these latter mammals allow reconstructing faunal dispersal scenarios during the early Paleogene. Indeed, they evidenced several dispersal ways among Laurasia, but also with Africa and possibly India. The dispersal phases discussed in the present paper concern the Early Paleocene, Late Paleocene, latest Paleocene (Clarkforkian NALMA), and Paleocene-Eocene transition.
Regional frequency analysis for mapping drought events in 1 north-central Chile 2 by 3

20 Droughts are among the most important natural disasters, particularly in the arid and 21 semiarid regions of the world. Proper management of droughts requires knowledge of the 22 expected frequency of specific low magnitude precipitation totals for a variety of durations. 23 Probabilistic approaches have often been used to estimate the average recurrence period of 24 a given drought event. However, probabilistic model fitting by conventional methods, such 25 as product moment or maximum likelihood in areas with low availability of long records 26 often produces highly unreliable estimates. Recognizing the need for adequate estimates of 27 return periods of severe droughts in the arid and semiarid region of Chile, a regional 28 frequency analysis method based on L-moments (RFA-LM) was used for estimating and 29 mapping drought frequency. Some adaptations to the existing procedures for forming 30 homogeneous regions were found necessary. In addition, a new 3-parameter distribution, 31 the Gaucho, which is a special case of the 4-parameter Kappa distribution, was introduced, 32 and the analysis procedure was improved by the developments of two new software tools 33 named L-RAP, to perform the RFA-LM analysis, and L-MAP, to map the resulting drought 34 maps. Eight homogeneous sub-regions were delineated using the Gaucho distribution and 35 used to construct return period maps for drought events with 80% and 40% precipitation of 36 the normal. The study confirms the importance of a sub-regional homogeneity test, and the 37 usefulness of the Gaucho distribution. The RFA-LM showed that droughts with a 40% 38 precipitation of the normal have return periods that range from four years at the northern 39 arid boundary of the study area to 22 years at the southern sub-humid boundary. The results 40 demonstrate the need for different thresholds for declaring a drought than those currently in 41 use for drought characterization in north-central Chile. 42 43
ES Av A 1 S Educational Opportunity and the State of Affirmative Admissions in New England

This report reviews the practice of Affirmative Admissions as a strategy for achieving diversity within New England colleges and universities. It shows how educational leaders perceive Affirmative Admissions, the nature of regional Affirmative Admissions policies, and the numbers of student affected by current enrollment strategies. This report is part of a larger series on educational access and opportunity in New England. Research was organized into five components: (1) analysis of pertinent legal issues related to postsecondary access and equity; (2) interviews with postsecondary campus and state leaders (n=104); (3) interviews with K-12 leaders and educators at state, district, and school levels (n =45);. (4) a survey of 221 postsecondary education institutions in New England; and (5) econometric analyses of student data. The focus was on groups of institutions, 18 groups clustered by admissions policies and restrictions. The most compelling conclusion is that there is no significant evidence that colleges have reduced standards to admit greater numbers of minority students. By increasing educational access to a broader segment of the population, the region's higher education institutions have taken crucial steps toward assuring the vitality and vibrancy of New England's future economy and civic life. The study also indicates that the pool of qualified minority students is much too small, highlighting the need to improve the preparation of minority students. Three appendixes contain details about survey methodology, participating institutions, and regression coefficients. (Contains 20 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Educational Opportunity and the State of Affirmative Admissions in ew S7 Prepared by the Center for Education Policy (CEP) and Massachusetts Institute forSocial. C21 and Economic Research (MISER), Universityof Massachusetts at Amherst 1PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Parasitic contamination of consuming vegetables in Kerman city Iran

Introduction: Parasitic contaminations disturb human health through different ways. One of this ways is malnutrition. The aim of this study is to determination of parasitic contamination in consuming vegetables in Kerman city. Methods: This study was performed at first half-time in 1386 and it is a crosssectional study. Samples of vegetables were collected from 30 stories out of 70 stories and surveyed in term of existing parasitic contaminations by sedimentation technique and using of centrifuge. The total number of samples is 135 samples. By means of SPSS software Chi-square test was used for determination of relation between type of vegetable and type of parasite. Results: Hymenolepis eggs (8.88) Trikosal eggs (4.44) Ascaris eggs (3.7) Dicrocelium eggs (5.18) Teania sp.eggs (3.7) Trichostrongylus eggs (2.96) and Giardia cyst (0.74) were detected in the gathered samples 30 percent of vegetables generally contaminated by parasites. In this study its detected that Spring onion has most contamination and Radish & Basil have the least contamination. Conclusion: Amount of contamination in gathered samples are relatively high. Results show that percentage of parasitic contamination in Yasuj and Hamedan cities are greater than Kerman but in Yazd Ahvaz Isfahan and Kermanshah cities are less than Kerman.
TITLE Affective Factors in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching : A Study of the " Filter

A study of the affective "filter" inhibiting student learning of a second language focuses on the critical features of the filter, especially student self-concept and the general roles of Itersonality traits and learning attitudes. Relevant research on motivation, personality traits, attitudes, and self-concept as they relate to learning is reviewed and three learning models are discussed: the motivational model, the "filter" model, and the self-concept model. Specific aspects of motivation, personality traits, attitudes, and self-concept that may relate to language learning are outlined and applied to existing research findings. In conclusion, a working hypothesis concerning the affective filter in language learning, to be validated in a later study, is proposed. A s-ven-page reference list is provided and figures for the three learning models are appended. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Jyvaskyla Cross-Language Studies Department of English. University of Jyvaskyla
A quality analysis of keyword searching in different search engines projects

Article history: Received: September 30, 2017 Received in revised format: October 10, 2017 Accepted: December 5, 2017 Available online: January 2, 2018 A search engine is an essential tool in our daily life. With the development of society and network technology, the users’ requirement of Internet information is increasing. For most search methods, keyword searching is in a crucial position. However, what about the quality of keyword search in different search engines? This paper evaluates the quality of keyword searching among different search engines project. © 2018 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada.
Deprescribing: Achieving Better Health Outcomes for Older People through Reducing Medications

Older people are prescribed a disproportionate number of medications. Polypharmacy leads to reduced compliance, increases the risk of adverse drug effects and may lead to poor medication outcomes. There is considerable evidence of inappropriate as well as excessive prescribing for older people. Although there are risks, medication outcomes can be improved through deprescribing.
A framework for testing the use of electromagnetic data to 1 reduce the prediction error of groundwater models 2

8 Despite that geophysics is being used increasingly, it is often unclear how and when the integration 9 of geophysical data and models can best improve the construction and predictive capability of 10 groundwater models. This paper presents a newly developed HYdrogeophysical TEst-Bench 11 (HYTEB) which is a collection of geological, groundwater and geophysical modeling and inversion 12 software wrapped to make a platform for generation and consideration of multi-modal data for 13 objective hydrologic analysis. It allows for flexible treatments of geophysical responses, hydrologic 14 processes, parameterization, and inversion approaches. It can also be used to discover potential 15 errors that can be introduced through petrophysical relationships and approaches to correlating 16 geophysical and hydrologic parameters. With HYTEB we study alternative uses of electromagnetic 17 (EM) data for groundwater modeling in a hydrogeological environment consisting of various types 18 of glacial deposits with typical hydraulic conductivities and electrical resistivities covering 19 impermeable bedrock with low resistivity (clay). The synthetic three dimensional reference system 20 is designed so there is a perfect relationship between hydraulic conductivity and electrical 21 resistivity. For this system it is investigated to what extent groundwater model calibration and, often 22 more importantly, model predictions can be improved by including in the calibration process 23 electrical resistivity estimates obtained from TEM data. In all calibration cases, the hydraulic 24 conductivity field is highly parameterized and the estimation is stabilized by (in most cases) 25 geophysics-based regularization. 26 For the studied system and inversion approaches it is found that that resistivities estimated by 27 sequential hydrogeophysical inversion (SHI) or joint hydrogeophysical inversion (JHI) should be 28
Thermal balance in decaying Λ cosmologies

We consider cosmological models in which the vacuum decay energy is channeled exclusively into radiation. We investigate the thermal evolution of the Universe with a variable cosmological term which varies as a function of the scale factor a as ΩΛ = ΩΛ,1 +ΩΛ,2 a−m. Using constraints given by the temperature measurements of the cosmic microwave background, at redshifts between z = 0 and z = 4, we find that ∀m 0 ΩΛ = ΩΛ,0 a−m models are clearly ruled out. The influence on the thermal decoupling between matter and radiation is also discussed.
DETERMINING THE FREQUENCY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN NEWBORN INFANTS IN SHAHREKORD

زمینه و هدف: گلوکز -6- فسفات دهیدروژناز (G6PD) اولین آنزیم در مسیر متابولیسم پنتوز فسفات می باشد. این مسیر در از بین بردن متابولیت های اکسیدان در بدن نقش موثری را ایفا می کند. کمبود این آنزیم باعث کاهش احیاء انرژی گلبول های قرمز و همولیز می‌گردد. در این مطالعه استفاده از روش غربالگری جهت تعیین میزان فراوانی کمبود آنزیم G6PD در نوزادان تازه متولد شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی از بند ناف 1240 نوزاد تازه به دنیا آمده نمونه سرم تهیه شد و با استفاده از روش فلورسانس لکه ای میزان فعالیت آنزیم G6PD تعیین گردید. اطلاعات دموگرافیک شامل محل زندگی، جنس، سابقه کمبود G6PDدر خانواده و بستری به علت زردی تکمیل شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و آزمون آماری کای دو مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از کل 1240 نمونه مورد بررسی 29 نفر (3/2) دچار کمبود G6PDبودند، از بین افراد مبتلا، 3 نفر (3/10) از آنها کمبود شدید آنزیم G6PD و 26 نفر (7/89) کمبود خفیف تا متوسط داشتند. بین متغیرهای مورد بررسی و کمبود آنزیم، فقط موارد بستری به علت زردی ارتباط معنی داری با کمبود آنزیم داشت (001/0>P). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به درصد بالای بستری شدن نوزادان مبتلا به کمبودG6PD و خطراتی که این بیماری همولیتیک می تواند در آینده برای بیماران ایجاد کند و نظر به ارزان بودن تست فلورسنت لکه ای، می توان از این تست جهت غربالگری نوزادان تازه متولد شده استفاده کرد.
J un 2 01 8 1 / 2-BPS D-branes from covariant open superstring in AdS 4 × CP 3 background

We consider the open superstring action in the AdS4 × CP 3 background and investigate the suitable boundary conditions for the open superstring describing the 1/2-BPS D-branes by imposing the κ-symmetry of the action. This results in the classification of 1/2-BPS Dbranes from covariant open superstring. It is shown that the 1/2-BPS D-brane configurations are restricted considerably by the Kähler structure on CP. We just consider D-branes without worldvolume fluxes.
Spanned stochastic volatility in bond markets: a reexamination of the relative pricing between bonds and bond options, December 2007

This paper reexamines the issue of unspanned stochastic volatility (USV) in bond markets and the puzzle of poor relative pricing between bonds and bond options. I make a distinction between the “weak USV” and the “strong USV” scenarios, and analyze the evidence for each of them. I argue that the poor bonds/options relative pricing in the extant literature is not necessarily evidence for the strong USV scenario, and show that a maximally flexible 2-factor quadratic-Gaussian model (a non-USV model) estimated without bond options data can capture much of the movement in bond option prices. Dropping the positive-definiteness requirement for nominal interest rates and adopting “regularized” estimations turn out to be important for obtaining sensible results. JEL Classification Numbers: G12, G13, E43
Dynamics and thermodynamics analysis of tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone Haiyan (TCH) that formed over the West Pacific Ocean during 3-11 November 2013 has been investigated using three datasets of Japan Meteorology Agency, ECMWF and NCEP. Strength of TCH has been studied using two synoptic parameters of 10-m wind velocity and mean sea level pressure (MSLP). then, three dynamic parameters including vertical wind shear (VWSH) vector, helicity and potential vorticity (PV) together with the thermodynamic parameter of convective available potential energy (CAPE) have been calculated and analyzed during TCH life cycle. VWSH vector was analyzed in three classes of weak, moderate and strong shear, having northeasterly direction for most of TCH lifetime. Moreover, the helicity parameter was intensified to the tornadic instability (at about 6 hours later than the time of maximum 10-m wind speed), and its anomaly was located in the downshear quadrants for most of TCH life span. In addition, no significant PV anomaly was detected near TCH, but a subtropical PV anomaly was extended to the Philippines Islands before TCH eye reached this region. Also, CAPE parameter was intensified to strong instability class at about 48 hours earlier than the time of maximum 10-m wind speed and its anomaly was equally displaced in both upand downshear quadrants. Finally, it can be concluded that 30-hourly lag between the time of CAPE maximum value and VWSH for which TCH was intensified to category 5.