Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parent ratings of behavioral functioning after traumatic brain injury in very young children.

OBJECTIVE The behavioral ratings of preschoolers who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to the age of 2 years and a typically developing group were compared; predictors of behavioral functioning were examined. METHODS Eighty-two 3-year-olds comprised mild TBI (n = 31), moderate/severe TBI (n = 20), and typically developing (n = 31) groups, with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Groups differed on the CBCL Withdrawal Scale. No differences emerged in the proportion of children demonstrating clinical elevations, with average mean scores for each group. Exploratory analyses yielded no differences between inflicted, non-inflicted, and typical groups. Glasgow Coma Scale and Self-Report Family Inventory Leadership predicted Externalizing Problems; developmental level predicted Internalizing Problems. CONCLUSIONS After early TBI, preschoolers did not differ from one another or a matched comparison group in behavioral ratings; however, it may be premature to infer that preschoolers do not evidence behavioral dysfunction after early TBI.
Angular Gyrus Involvement at Encoding and Retrieval Is Associated with Durable But Less Specific Memories

After consolidation, information belonging to a mental schema is better remembered, but such memory can be less specific when it comes to details. A neuronal mechanism consistent with this behavioral pattern could result from a dynamic interaction that entails mediation by a specific cortical network with associated hippocampal disengagement. We now report that, in male and female adult human subjects, encoding and later consolidation of a series of objects embedded in a semantic schema was associated with a buildup of activity in the angular gyrus (AG) that predicted memory 24 h later. In parallel, the posterior hippocampus became less involved as schema objects were encoded successively. Hippocampal disengagement was related to an increase in falsely remembering objects that were not presented at encoding. During both encoding and retrieval, the AG and lateral occipital complex (LOC) became functionally connected and this interaction was beneficial for successful retrieval. Therefore, a network including the AG and LOC enhances the overnight retention of schema-related memories and their simultaneous detachment from the hippocampus reduces the specificity of the memory. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides the first empirical evidence on how the hippocampus and the neocortex interact dynamically when acquiring and then effectively retaining durable knowledge that is associated to preexisting knowledge, but they do so at the cost of memory specificity. This interaction is a fundamental mnemonic operation that has thus far been largely overlooked in memory research.
3T Intraoperative MRI for Management of Pediatric CNS Neoplasms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-field-strength intraoperative MR imaging has emerged as a powerful adjunct for resection of brain tumors. However, its exact role has not been firmly established. We sought to determine the impact of 3T-intraoperative MRI on the surgical management of childhood CNS tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated patient data from a single academic children's hospital during a consecutive 24-month period after installation of a 3T-intraoperative MRI. Tumor location, histology, surgical approach, operating room time, presence and volume of residual tumor, need for tumor and non-tumor-related reoperation, and anesthesia- and MR imaging–related complications were evaluated. Comparison with pre-intraoperative MRI controls was performed. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-four patients underwent intraoperative MRI–guided surgery. Of these, 168 were 18 years or younger (mean, 8.9 ± 5.0 years; 108 males/60 females). There were 65 posterior fossa tumors. The most common tumors were pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 31, 19%), low-grade glioma (n = 31, 19%), and medulloblastoma (n = 20, 12%). An average of 1.2 scanning sessions was performed per patient (maximum, 3). There were no MR imaging–related safety issues. Additional tumor was resected after scanning in 21% of patients. Among patients with a preoperative goal of gross total resection, 93% achieved this goal. The 30-day reoperation rate was <1% (n = 1), and no patient required additional postoperative MR imaging during the same hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative MRI is safe and increases the likelihood of gross total resection, albeit with increased operating room time, and reduces the need for early reoperation or repeat sedation for postoperative scans in children with brain tumors.
Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE The postpartum period is recognized as a time of vulnerability to affective disorders, particularly postpartum depression. In contrast, the prevalence and clinical presentation of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period have received little research attention. In this article, we review the medical literature as it relates to the prevalence and clinical presentation of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1966 to July 2005 week 1) and PsycInfo (1840 to July 2005 week 1) were searched using combinations of the following search terms: pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. STUDY SELECTION All relevant papers published in English and reporting original data related to perinatal anxiety disorders were included. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were examined for data related to the prevalence, presentation, predictors/risk factors, new onset, course, and treatment of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. DATA SYNTHESIS Anxiety disorders are common during the perinatal period, with reported rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder being higher in postpartum women than in the general population. The perinatal context of anxiety disorders presents unique issues for detection and management. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to estimate the prevalence of perinatal anxiety disorders more precisely, to identify potential implications of maternal anxiety disorders for maternal quality of life and child development, and to determine safe and effective treatment methods.
Long Memory Forecasting of Stock Price Index Using a Fractionally Differenced Arma Model

2 Abstract: In this paper we investigated the l ong m emory of Stock Price Index (TSIP) and f itted a fractionally differenced ARM A M odel using 970 daily data during 26 March 2003 to 8 July 2007 from th th Tehran stock Exchange. Furthermore, we compared the forecasting outcome of ARFIMA and ARIMA models. The results show that t he series is long memory a nd therefore it can become stationary w ith fractional differencing. After pro cessing f ractional differencing and determining t he num ber of lags of the autoregressive and moving average c omponents, the models were sp ecified as ARFIMA(2,0.4767,18) and ARIMA(4,1,15). W e estimated the parameters of the model usin g 900 in-sample data and used this estimates to forecast 7 0 out-of-sample data. H aving Compared the forecasting results of t he two models we concluded that the ARFIMA i s a much better model in this regard.
Pole-tracking algorithms for the extraction of time-variant heart rate variability spectral parameters

Various algorithms of autoregressive (AR) recursive identification make it possible to evaluate power spectral distribution in correspondence with each sample of a time series, and time-variant spectral parameters can be calculated through the evaluation of the pole positions in the complex z-plane. In traditional analysis, the poles are obtained by zeroing the denominator of the model transfer function, expressed as a function of the AR coefficients. Here, two algorithms for the direct updating and tracking of movements of poles of an AR time-variant model on the basis of the innovation given to the coefficients are presented and investigated. The introduced algorithms are based upon (1) the classical linearization method and (2) a recursive method to compute the roots of a polynomial, respectively. Here, applications in the field of heart rate variability (HRV) signal analysis are presented and efficient tools are proposed for quantitative extraction of spectral parameters (power and frequency of the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components) for the monitoring of the action of the autonomic nervous system in transient pathophysiological events. These computational methods seem to be very attractive for HRV applications, as they inherit the peculiarity of recursive time-variant identification, and provide a more immediate comprehension of the spectral process characteristics when expressed in terms of poles and AR spectral components. <<ETX>>
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Older Adults with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

There is a relative paucity of evidence to guide the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer in older adults. Herein, we review data from relevant clinical trials and retrospective analyses that assess systemic therapies in older adults. Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, HER2-directed agents and bisphosponates in the adjuvant setting are discussed. Meta-analyses, such as the Oxford overview, suggest a decreasing benefit of chemotherapy with age. However, prospective trials do support a benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy in older adults. In contrast to chemotherapy, the value of endocrine therapy appears to increase with age. In addition, available subset analyses suggest that the benefit from aromatase inhibitors relative to tamoxifen is independent of age. The use of HER2-directed therapy in older adults is challenged by the relatively low enrolment of this subset in prospective clinical trials. Nonetheless, the extent of enrolment may be proportional to the frequency of HER2 overexpression in this population. Finally, there are little data to support the use of adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy in older adults – ongoing prospective trials may address this issue. Each of the aforementioned therapeutic strategies will be augmented by efforts to personalize therapy for older adults. Clinical tools such as the geriatric assessment and biologic assays, such as the 21-gene recurrence score, may ultimately play a role in treatment algorithms for this unique demographic.
The Relationship between Low Back Discomfort Ratings and the NIOSH Lifting Index

An epidemiological study was performed to evaluate the relation between lowback discomfort ratings and use of the revised NIOSH lifting guide to assess the risk of manual material handling (MMH) tasks. We surveyed 97 MMH workers on site in 15 factories and designed a questionnaire to systematically collect jobrelated information. Approximately 90% of the workers had suffered various degrees of lower back discomfort, and 80% had sought medical treatment. The survey showed that 42 of the 97 jobs analyzed had a recommended weight limit of 0, which was attributed to either a horizontal distance or a lifting frequency that exceeded the bounds of the NIOSH lifting index. Apparently, the limits for horizontal distance and maximum allowable frequency are too stringent to accommodate many existing MMH jobs. For the remaining 55 jobs, the significant positive correlation obtained between the lifting index and the severity of low-back discomfort suggests that the lifting index is reliable in assessing the potential risk of low-back injury in MMH. These findings provide useful information on the application of the NIOSH lifting guide to the assessment of lowback pain.
FPGA Hardware Acceleration of a Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction with Maximum Parsimony Algorithm

In this paper, we present an FPGA hardware implementation for a phylogenetic tree reconstruction with a maximum parsimony algorithm. We base our approach on a particular stochastic local search algorithm that uses the Progressive Neighborhood and the Indirect Calculation of Tree Lengths method. This method is widely used for the acceleration of the phylogenetic tree reconstruction algorithm in software. In our implementation, we define a tree structure and accelerate the search by parallel and pipeline processing. We show results for eight real-world biological datasets. We compare execution times against our previous hardware approach, and TNT, the fastest available parsimony program, which is also accelerated by the Indirect Calculation of Tree Lengths method. Acceleration rates between 34 to 45 per rearrangement, and 2 to 6 for the whole search, are obtained against our previous hardware approach. Acceleration rates between 2 to 36 per rearrangement, and 18 to 112 for the whole search, are obtained against TNT. key words: FPGA, hardware acceleration, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, maximum parsimony
Shifting Power Relations in Sustainability Transitions: A Multi-actor Perspective

Abstract This paper contributes to understanding transition politics by conceptualizing (shifting) power relations between actors in sustainability transitions. The authors introduce a Multi-actor Perspective as a heuristic framework for specifying (shifting) power relations between different categories of actors at different levels of aggregation. First, an overview is provided of how power and empowerment have been treated in transition research, and remaining questions are identified on who exercises power and who is empowered by and with whom. It is argued that theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses in transition studies lack precision when it comes to distinguishing between different types and levels of actors. In response, a Multi-actor Perspective (MaP) is developed, which distinguishes among four sectors (state, market, community, third sector), and between actors at different levels of aggregation: (1) sectors, (2) organizational actors, and (3) individual actors. The paper moves on to specify how the MaP contributes to understanding transition politics specifically in conceptualizing shifting power relations. Throughout the paper, empirical illustrations are used regarding public debates on welfare state reform, civil society and ‘Big Society’, as well as more specific empirical examples of community energy initiatives.
Balancing Past and Present: Impact of Accounting Internationalization on German Accounting Regulation

Financial accounting is rooted in national thoughts, traditions and institutional settings. As a consequence, accounting has developed heterogeneously over time to fulfill contracting purposes in divergent national environments. Against this background, we argue that the ongoing process of accounting internationalization and imposed harmonization entails the danger of deforming country-specific accounting systems, especially when the national envi-ronment for economic and contractual activities is not harmonized at all. In contrast to the more evolutionary integration and adjustment processes of the past where spillover effects have always existed, the rapidity of the current process and its coercive nature leads to increasing regulatory challenges. To support our argument and to substantiate the country-specific role of accounting for contracting purposes, we provide an in-depth case study of one country, Germany. We illustrate how the traditional German commercial law accounting system has historically evolved over centuries to meet specific contractual needs. Moreover, we show how the current process of accounting internalization has affected German accounting legislation and respective attempts to balance German accounting regulation’s past and present.
Prediction of urinary protein markers in lupus nephritis.

BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis is divided into six classes and scored according to activity and chronicity indices based on histologic findings. Treatment differs based on the pathologic findings. Renal biopsy is currently the only way to accurately predict class and activity and chronicity indices. We propose to use patterns of abundance of urine proteins to identify class and disease indices. METHODS Urine was collected from 20 consecutive patients immediately prior to biopsy for evaluation of lupus nephritis. The International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) class of lupus nephritis, activity, and chronicity indices were determined by a renal pathologist. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Artificial neural networks were trained on normalized spot abundance values. RESULTS Biopsy specimens were classified in the database according to ISN/RPS class, activity, and chronicity. Nine samples had characteristics of more than one class present. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the trained networks demonstrated areas under the curve ranging from 0.85 to 0.95. The sensitivity and specificity for the ISN/RPS classes were class II 100%, 100%; III 86%, 100%; IV 100%, 92%; and V 92%, 50%. Activity and chronicity indices had r values of 0.77 and 0.87, respectively. A list of spots was obtained that provided diagnostic sensitivity to the analysis. CONCLUSION We have identified a list of protein spots that can be used to develop a clinical assay to predict ISN/RPS class and chronicity for patients with lupus nephritis. An assay based on antibodies against these spots could eliminate the need for renal biopsy, allow frequent evaluation of disease status, and begin specific therapy for patients with lupus nephritis.
Self-Archiving by LIS Schools in South Africa: Practices, Challenges and Opportunities

This article reports findings of an exploratory study of institutional repositories (IRs) in South African institutions of higher learning and more particularly the practices, challenges and opportunities of self-archiving by the library and information science/studies (LIS) scholars. A content analysis of the IRs and a survey involving the Heads of LIS Departments/Schools were conducted in order to find out the existence and number of IRs; the document types indexed in the IRs; publication language; the software used to create the IRs; LIS departments‟ contributions in the IRs; factors motivating self-archiving; challenges faced by LIS scholars in self-archiving; and to determine the LIS scholars attitudes and fears on self-archiving. Results indicate that there are few IRs in Africa as whole; South Africa has the highest number; most IRs are located in institutions of higher learning; some IRs are subject-specific while others are multidisciplinary; a variety of documents are self-archived; LIS scholars are aware of the importance of self-archiving; and LIS scholars face several challenges in self-archiving which include lack of facilities, know-how and institutional support. The article concludes by providing areas for further research and other recommendations. Keywords: Content Analysis, Institutional repositories, Self-Archiving, Webometrics, South Africa
The relationship of smoking, preeclampsia, and secretory component.

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether total secretory component in serum is increased in women in whom preeclampsia subsequently develops. STUDY DESIGN Serum samples were collected serially throughout pregnancy and post partum from nulliparous women (N = 1496). Serum concentrations of total secretory component were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all women in whom preeclampsia developed (n = 71) and a randomly selected group of normotensive women (n = 83). RESULTS Secretory component increased with smoking (P =.0003) and with gestation (P =.0001). In the whole group secretory component was not different in women with preeclampsia (P =.10), but there was a significant interaction of smoking, gravidity, and preeclampsia (P =.04). Among the women who smoked, secretory component was lower in women in whom preeclampsia subsequently developed compared with those who remained normotensive (P =.02). This difference was significant from 15 to 19 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION Very high serum concentrations of secretory component in smokers may protect against the development of preeclampsia and may indicate the involvement of mucosal tolerance.
Recruitment of ZipA to the Septal Ring ofEscherichia coli Is Dependent on FtsZ and Independent of FtsA

ABSTRACT Cell division in prokaryotes is mediated by the septal ring. InEscherichia coli, this organelle consists of several essential division proteins, including FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA. To gain more insight into how the structure is assembled, we studied the interdependence of FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA localization using both immunofluorescence and Gfp tagging techniques. To this end, we constructed a set of strains allowing us to determine the cellular location of each of these three proteins in cells from which one of the other two had been specifically depleted. Our results show that ZipA fails to accumulate in a ring shape in the absence of FtsZ. Conversely, depletion of ZipA does not abolish formation of FtsZ rings but leads to a significant reduction in the number of rings per unit of cell mass. In addition, ZipA does not appear to require FtsA for assembly into the septal ring and vice versa. It is suggested that septal ring formation starts by assembly of the FtsZ ring, after which ZipA and FtsA join this structure in a mutually independent fashion through direct interactions with the FtsZ protein.
Neuroticism Does Not Affect Cognitive Functioning in Later Life

In a cross-sectional study, Jorm and colleagues (1993. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 721-723) found that neuroticism was related to poorer cognitive performance in the elderly. The present study was initiated to expand their findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Maastricht Aging Study. In contrast to the findings of Jorm and coworkers, neuroticism was not associated with either current cognitive performance or cognitive decline over a period of 3 years.
Using Field Experiments to Understand Information as an Antidote to Corruption

In observational data, access to information is associated with lower levels of corruption. This chapter reviews a small but growing body of work that uses field experiments to explore the mechanisms behind this relationship. We present a typology for understanding this research based on the type of corruption being addressed (political vs. bureaucratic), the mechanism for accountability (retrospective vs. prospective), and the nature of the information provided (factual vs. prescriptive). We describe some of the tradeoffs involved in design decisions for such experiments and suggest directions for future research.
Ultrasonographic subepidermal low‐echogenic band, dependence of age and body site

Background/purpose: The presence of an age‐dependent subepidermal low‐echogenic band (SLEB) is well established at specific body sites. Several studies have also proposed it to be a marker of photoaging, but only few studies have included children in their material, and UVR exposure has predominantly been evaluated as differences between body sites with different UVR exposure. The aim of this study was to further investigate the existence of SLEB and exploring its relation to both age and body site/UVR exposure.