Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PTSD, stigma and barriers to help-seeking within the UK Armed Forces

Among the general public, much is known about the longer-term consequences of not seeking support for mental health difficulties. However, within military populations, and in particular, the UK Armed Forces, less is known. Understanding the factors that present barriers for UK service personnel with mental health difficulties accessing support is important because this may provide a means for support personnel to seek help sooner. This paper explores the literature relating to the impact of untreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military personnel, attempts to draw conclusions about the barriers that may prevent personnel seeking help and the efficacy of previous interventions to address these. Stigma has been highlighted as the key barrier to help-seeking behaviours, in particular, internal stigma, which can be classified as negative beliefs about the self that an individual may hold as a result of experiencing symptoms of PTSD.
Waterborne Zoonoses: Identification, Causes and Control

Zoonoses are caused by microorganisms of animal origin that can also infect humans. Apart from human-to-human transmitted pathogens, they are the microorganisms of greatest concern in regard to threats to drinking-water and ambient water safety, now and in the future. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognized over recent decades. SARS, E. coli O157:H7, and Cryptosporidium provide examples of zoonoses with waterborne routes of transmission. Developed from an expert workshop of 29 scientists convened by the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Waterborne Zoonoses: Identification, Causes and Control provides a critical assessment of current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for controlling future emerging waterborne zoonoses. This book provides guidance to agriculturists, veterinarians, worldwide health agencies and water providers to anticipate potential future waterborne disease problems and to determine whether current practices will be protective or whether new approaches need to be deployed to better protect the health of both humans and animals. This title belongs to WHO Emerging Issues in Water & Infectious Disease Series. ISBN: 9781780405865 (eBook) ISBN: 9781843390589 (Print)
Lifecycle and fixed portfolio allocation strategies: a performance comparison for emerging market countries

This study compares the performance of various fixed and lifecycle portfolio strategies for the accumulation phase of retirement planning in emerging market countries. With an expected utility framework and a bootstrapped Monte Carlo procedure, we find that the majority of emerging market investors with varying attitudes toward risk can maximize their expected utility by using lifecycle strategies instead of fixed allocation strategies. Most commonly, emerging market investors maximize expected utility with a lifecycle strategy using a 30 percent average equity exposure, though the results vary among countries.
ATF3 Repression of BCL-XL Determines Apoptotic Sensitivity to HDAC Inhibitors across Tumor Types

Purpose: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are epigenome-targeting small molecules approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. They have also demonstrated clinical activity in acute myelogenous leukemia, non–small cell lung cancer, and estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, and trials are underway assessing their activity in combination regimens including immunotherapy. However, there is currently no clear strategy to reliably predict HDACi sensitivity. In colon cancer cells, apoptotic sensitivity to HDACi is associated with transcriptional induction of multiple immediate-early (IE) genes. Here, we examined whether this transcriptional response predicts HDACi sensitivity across tumor type and investigated the mechanism by which it triggers apoptosis. Experimental Design: Fifty cancer cell lines from diverse tumor types were screened to establish the correlation between apoptotic sensitivity, induction of IE genes, and components of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Results: We show that sensitivity to HDACi across tumor types is predicted by induction of the IE genes FOS, JUN, and ATF3, but that only ATF3 is required for HDACi-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrate that the proapoptotic function of ATF3 is mediated through direct transcriptional repression of the prosurvival factor BCL-XL (BCL2L1). These findings provided the rationale for dual inhibition of HDAC and BCL-XL, which we show strongly cooperate to overcome inherent resistance to HDACi across diverse tumor cell types. Conclusions: These findings explain the heterogeneous responses of tumor cells to HDACi-induced apoptosis and suggest a framework for predicting response and expanding their therapeutic use in multiple cancer types. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5573–84. ©2017 AACR.
The Effects of the Exchange Rate on Investment: Evidence from Canadian Manufacturing Industries

Using industry-level data for 22 Canadian manufacturing industries, the authors examine the relationship between exchange rates and investment during the period 1981-97. Their empirical results show that the overall effect of exchange rates on total investment is statistically insignificant. Further investigation reveals the non-uniform investment response to exchange rate movements in three channels. First, it is important to distinguish between environments that have low and high exchange rate volatilities. Through changes in output demands, depreciations would have a positive effect on total investment when the exchange rate volatility is low. Yet, this stimulative effect becomes considerably smaller as the volatility increases. Second, these results for total investment are mainly due to movements in other machinery and equipment, and not to investment in information technology and structures. Third, investment in industries with low markup ratios are more likely to be affected by exchange rate movements.
What do we know about unassisted smoking cessation in Australia? A systematic review, 2005–2012

Context A significant proportion of smokers who quit do so on their own without formal help (ie, without professionally or pharmacologically mediated assistance), yet research into how smokers quit focuses primarily on assisted methods of cessation. Objective The aim of the present work was to systematically review recent smoking cessation research in Australia, a nation advanced in tobacco control, to determine what is known about smokers who quit unassisted in order to (1) inform a research agenda to develop greater understanding of the many smokers who quit unassisted and (2) elucidate possible lessons for policy and mass communication about cessation. Methods In January 2013, four e-databases and the grey literature were searched for articles published between 2005 and 2012 on smoking cessation in Australia. Articles focusing solely on interventions designed to stimulate cessation were excluded, as were articles focusing solely on assisted cessation, leaving articles reporting on smokers who quit unassisted. Data from articles reporting on unassisted cessation were extracted and grouped into related categories. Results A total of 248 articles reported on smoking cessation, of which 63 focused solely on interventions designed to stimulate cessation, leaving 185 reporting on the method of cessation (‘how’ a smoker quits). Of these, 166 focused solely on assisted cessation, leaving 19 reporting, either directly or indirectly, on smokers who quit unassisted. Data from these studies indicated 54% to 69% of ex-smokers quit unassisted and 41% to 58% of current smokers had attempted to quit unassisted. Conclusions The majority of Australian smokers quit or attempt to quit unassisted, yet little research has been dedicated to understanding this process. Almost all research that reported unassisted cessation referenced it as a comparator to the focal point of assisted cessation. Public health may benefit from insights gained from greater research into the cessation method used by most smokers. Suggestions and a rationale for such research are provided.
Bank Stock Returns, Leverage and the Business Cycle

The returns on bank stocks rise and fall with the business cycle, making bank equity financing cheaper in the boom and dearer during a recession. This provides support for prudential tools that give incentives for banks to build capital buffers at times when the cost of equity is lower. In addition, banks with higher leverage face a higher cost of equity, which suggests that higher capital ratios are associated with lower funding costs.
Leishmania donovani: A Chemically Defined Medium Suitable for Cultivation and Cloning of Promastigotes and Transformation of Amastigotes to Promastigotes

A chemically defined medium using commercially available α-MEM supplemented with HEPES, L-glutamine, D-glucose, folic acid, D-biotin and adenine supports the luxuriant growth and propagation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. A peak parasite population of about 7.0 × 107/ml at stationary phase and a population doubling time of 11.4 h for high-subpassage promastigotes were obtained. The medium was suitable for transformation of isolated amastigotes from infected hamster spleen. Promastigotes could be detected by culturing kala-azar patients’bone-marrow aspirate or spleen puncture material in this medium. Four out of six freshly transformed isolates gradually adapted and grew well in this medium. Macroscopic colonies appeared on agar plates prepared with the medium within 16–20 days after inoculation. The cloning efficiency was increased about five-fold by glycerol supplementation.
SOCIAL MEDIA : -A study about the importance of Brand Awareness and Trust in Social Media

Each year, the market place is becoming increasingly globalized and the role of the Internet has been crucial to this phenomenon. Marketers therefore are required to be current on the latest trends. The Internet can be used as a communication tool from the marketers and it is an ever changing medium. At first, most companies were only present through their website, whereas nowadays companies have a greater online presence through Social Media. This study aimed at finding out how Social Media presence can influence Brand Awareness and Trust in Business to Business (B2B) companies. It was based on a research model with two hypotheses. A survey was conducted among Swedish B2B companies within the Ljungby municipality. The survey resulted in 68 complete and usable responses, averaging a response rate of 65%. Using a linear regression, the results of hypotheses testing suggest that the usage of Social Media influences Trust; however it does not influence Brand Awareness. This indicates that companies that are concerned about the level of Trustworthiness within their company should have a Social Media presence, especially on Facebook since it was the most common among companies.
Species-specific differences in long-chain n-3 essential fatty acid, sterol, and steroidal ketone production in six heterotrophic protist species

We investigated the capability and species-specific differences in long-chain n-3 essential fatty acid (LCn-3EFA), sterol, and steroidal ketone production of 6 heterotrophic protists: 3 thecate dinoflagellates (Cryptoperidiniopsis brodyi, Pfiesteria piscicida, and Luciella masanensis), 1 athecate dinoflagellate (Amphidinium longum), 1 herbivorous ciliate (Strombidinopsis sp.), and 1 bacterivorous ciliate (Uronema sp.) by feeding them algae (Rhodomonas salina or Dunaliella tertiolecta) or bacteria. The 3 thecate species did not convert algal sterols to other usual and common sterols. Instead, they produced sterols and steroidal ketones, such as dinosterol, dinostanol, dinosterone, and dinostanone, usually found in autotrophic dinoflagellates when fed R. salina or D. tertiolecta, both of which do not contain them. The A. longum, Strombidinopsis sp. , and Uronema sp. did not bioconvert dietary sterols to other sterols or produce sterols and steroidal ketones. Pfiesteria piscicida and L. masanensis grown on the LCn-3EFA-deficient alga D. tertiolecta and Uronema sp. were capable of producing the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are essential for organisms at higher trophic levels. The bacterial prey of Uronema sp. lacked EPA, DHA, and LCn-3EFA precursors. Although the nutritional values of the sterols and steroidal ketones produced by the 3 thecate dinoflagellates are not known, the contribution of EPA and DHA by 2 of them and the bacterivorous ciliate are noteworthy. To further understand the intermediate roles of heterotrophic protists and their essential nutrient contribution in planktonic food webs, it is necessary to examine more species, particularly those newly discovered and isolated.
A Theory of Banking Crises (Part 1)

In order to protect the public's confidence in deposit money, governments usually guarantee bank deposits implicitly or through an explicit deposit insurance system. Thus bank insolvency does not induce immediate bank runs. In many episodes of banking crises, several years passed quietly after bank insolvency had occurred, with the insolvency continuing to develop under the surface, and the rash of bank failures broke out only when the bank insolvency exceeded a certain level. In this paper I present a simple model that describes the dynamics of bank insolvency in a form that eventually results in banking system failure or bank recapitalization by the government. The main results are as follows: (1) The government cannot indefinitely postpone recognizing the fiscal loss associated with bank insolvency. (2) The consumption level is too high (low) before (after) bank recapitalization compared with the optimal level. Thus the price conditions become deflationary (inflationary) before (after) bank recapitalization. (3) Social welfare decreases as bank recapitalization is delayed.
Construction of Time - Cost Model for Building Projects in Vietnam

Abstract Bromilow’s time-cost (BTC) relationship was examined for building projects in Vietnam using actual constructiontime and total construction cost. Data set was collected from 77 historical building construction projects completedbetween 1999 and 2005 which were adjusted by consumer price index (CPI) to 2000 price. Time-cost equations werespecified respected to two sectors, public and private, in Vietnamese construction industry and all cases. It is shownthat a public funded building project has the longer construction duration than a similar budget private fundedproject. The resulting models are statistically significant. The adjusted R-square coefficients of all cases, public andprivate projects models are respectively 0.403, 0.436 and 0.377 mean that the BTC regression lines moderately fitthe data set. Key Words: Bromilow's model, building project, time-cost relationship, Vietnam. 1. Introduction In previous decades, Vietnamese economy was thegovernmental administration and allocation system. TheCentral government made plan and allocated norm toindustries and local governments. Construction industrywas not an exception. The private participation is scarceand limited. The national construction companies rarelypaid attention to productivity or time and cost performanceof their projects. Because of the lack of competition andhard dependence on production norm, the estimation wasnot strict. This is the replication of Soviet regime.After applying innovation (Doi moi) and the ‘opendoor’ policy, Vietnam is currently among the developingcountries with high gross domestic product growth ratesand attractive and potential market. The number ofcompanies and organizations, both foreign and domestic,has been increasing. The quick urbanization hashappened. All make the demand of building projectsinevitable. In recent years, construction investment inVietnam has been escalating and investment in buildingprojects has played as a key role.However, many construction projects have facedvarious problems. In such problems, delay is the mostpopular. Inaccurate estimate is one of causes of delay.Reference tools for estimating works are necessary butthey are deprived in Vietnam. Bromilow (1969) was firstdeveloped the equation that used to assess the projecttime in terms of project cost. This equation is re-expressed in Equation 1 as:
Determinanten van de debetrentes toegepast door Belgische kredietinstellingen

Given the importance of bank credit in Belgium as a financing source for both households and non-financial firms, it is important to know how Belgian banks react to a monetary policy shock. Since the direct influence of central banks is confined to the very short-term market interest rates, financial intermediaries play a very important role in the transmission of these shocks to the real economy. This paper therefore investigates the determinants of the rates charged by individual Belgian banks for a number of standardised forms of credit. The data used are mainly from a survey conducted by the National Bank of Belgium and relate to the period from January 1993 to September 2000. It is shown that Belgian banks set their credit rates as a stationary mark-up on top of the market interest rate with a maturity similar to the one of the credit contract. This mark-up seems to depend on a number of factors. First, it varies between the different forms of credit we studied in this paper. On average a higher rate is charged for those credit forms that are characterised by a longer maturity, a higher risk and/or a lower amount. Second, for a given form of credit the mark-up also varies across banks. Large and/or liquid banks tend to charge lower rates, whereas highly capitalised banks seem to charge higher rates. Third, the mark-up although stationary does change over time, decreasing with the business cycle and increasing with the cost of the bank's resources which are approximated in this paper by the rates paid by the bank on deposits and/or savings notes. This study indicates that especially the Belgian market for investment credits is characterised by a very tight competition. This conclusion follows from the fact that the mark-ups on these credits do not seem to be influenced by bank specific characteristics such as size, liquidity or capitalisation. Moreover, the mark-up does react strongly to monetary shocks and does have a significant impact on the demand, indicating that the demand for investment credits is very price elastic. On the Belgian markets for short-term credits, consumer credits and mortgage spread loans, however, the degree of competition seems to be lower. The mark-ups on these credit forms do depend on at least one of the bank characteristics used in this paper. Finally, especially the rates on short-term credits seem to react strongly to monetary shocks, a response which is positively related to the size of the bank.
Labor Planning, Execution, and Retail Store Performance: An Exploratory Investigation

After the cost of goods sold, store labor expense is the largest cost component in the retailing industry. As a result, developing and executing labor plans is a key task for retailers. In this paper we use private data provided by a large retail chain to assess the relationship between labor planning and execution practices and the average transaction (basket) value of a retail store location. We find that consumer basket value varies greatly from store to store and that there is a strong cross-sectional association between labor practices at different stores and basket values. In particular, matching labor deployment to store traffic (rather than to the forecast of sales, as many retailers currently do) is associated with larger basket values. We further separate the task of labor management into the planning component (i.e., creating a labor plan that matches traffic patterns) and the execution components (i.e., deploying part-time employees, full-time employees and managers to match the labor plan), and we find that stores with better plans and stores with better execution of these plans for full-time employees (but not for part-time employees) demonstrate significantly higher basket values. We obtain these results after controlling for customer demographics and product variety, which are also significant in explaining basket values. Our findings suggest that modest improvements in employee scheduling and in execution of the schedule can result in a 3% sales lift at moderate, or even no, additional cost.
PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR SKEPTISISME PROFESIONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP PEMBERIAN OPINI (Studi Empiris Pada Pemeriksa BPK RI Provinsi Jawa Tengah)

The purpose of this reserach is to determine the influence of these factors on professionalskepticism towards giving opinions. These factors are ethics, experience, and expertise.The sample of this research are auditors who worked on Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK)Representative of Central Java Province. The sample was conducted by purposive samplingmethod. Collecting data was conducted by questionnare distributed directly to auditors as much 70and only 41 questionnare replayed. The data collected were processed using Partial Least Square(PLS). The result of this research showed that the ethics, experience, and expertise had nosignificant effect giving opinions with professional skepticism of auditors. Ethics and expertise hasa significant effect on giving opinions. While the experience has no significant effect on givingopinions.
Corporate Responsibility: A Critical Introduction

PART ONE: THE MEANING AND ORIGINS OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 1. Introducing Corporate Responsibility 2. The Origins of Corporate Responsibility 3. Globalization and International Development PART TWO: MANAGING AND IMPLEMENTING CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 4. How Corporate Responsibility is Managed 5. The Business Case for Corporate Responsibility 6. Stakeholders, Standards, and Regional Variations 7. Social Acounting 8. The Place of Corporate Responsibility in the Corporate Governance Framework 9. Sustainable Development 10. Stakeholder Partnerships 11. Socially Responsible Investment PART THREE: THE IMPACT, CRITICS, AND FUTURE OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 12. The Impact of Corporate Responsibility 13. Criticisms of Corporate Responsibility 14. The Future of Corporate Responsibility
Parasitic Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

In spite of the high prevalence of human parasitic diseases that affect billions of people throughout the world, only 5% of over 340 known parasitic infections have been reported in transplant recipients (1). Although the number of published papers has increased in recent years, reflecting an increased number of cases, parasitic infections remain the most understudied of all infections related to organ transplantation with only very few prospective trials and no randomized studies that can be accounted for in this field. Recommendations are based primarily on expert opinion (Grade III) unless otherwise stated.