Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implant Fracture Analysis of the TFNA Proximal Femoral Nail

Background: Mechanical failure of intramedullary nails is rare. This investigation was prompted by a series of cases of observed breakage of the recently introduced TFNA Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFN [Trochanteric Fixation Nail]-Advanced; DePuy Synthes) in our region. Laboratory analysis and case data are presented, in contribution to post-market surveillance. Methods: Medical and imaging records from the 3 public tertiary orthopaedic trauma hospitals in Western Australia were reviewed. Relevant data of patients in whom breakage of the TFNA implant occurred between 2016 and 2018 were collected and analyzed. Laboratory review of retrieved implants was conducted at the Centre for Implant Technology and Retrieval Analysis (CITRA) in Western Australia. Results: A total of 16 cases of TFNA implant breakage were recorded and analyzed. The predominant OTA/AO fracture classification was 31A3 (12 cases, 75%). The reduction quality was good in 10 cases, acceptable in 4 cases, and poor in 2 cases. The mean time to failure (and standard deviation) was 5.0 ± 2.2 months (range, 2.2 to 9.8 months). The treatment modality for the breakage was revision nailing in 11 cases, arthroplasty in 3, and nonoperative management in 2. All nails broke at the proximal screw aperture, with 1 nail additionally breaking at the distal aperture. Of 8 patients treated with a second TFNA implant for nail breakage, 3 (38%) returned with breakage of the revision implant. Laboratory analysis of the broken nails demonstrated a unique fracture pattern, with a stepped propagation pathway. Conclusions: This study represents the largest series, to our knowledge, of proximal femoral nail breakages in the published English literature and is the first that we are aware of to involve laboratory analysis of the TFNA implant. Changes to the nail design and/or alloy may have contributed to the observed cases of breakage, and this study will be followed by an evaluation of breakage rates in comparison with those of previous generations of nailing systems. We advise close clinical and radiographic surveillance of patients with unstable hip fracture patterns who undergo osteosynthesis with use of a TFNA implant. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
1 Children ’ s Schooling and Parents ’ Behavior : Evidence from the Head Start Impact

Parents may have important effects on their children, but little work in economics explores whether children’s schooling opportunities crowd out or encourage parents’ investment in children. We analyze data from the Head Start Impact Study, which granted randomly-chosen preschool-aged children the opportunity to attend Head Start. We find that Head Start causes a substantial increase in parents’ involvement with their children—such as time spent reading to children, math activities, or days spent with children by fathers who do not live with their children—both during and after the period when their children are potentially enrolled in Head Start. These results are not predicted by the model of Becker and Tomes (1976), who argue that child schooling should crowd out parent investment in children. 1 We thank Jay Bhattacharya, Hanley Chiang, David Cutler, David Deming, Mark Duggan, Olivia Mitchell, Michael Puma, Dan Sacks, Todd Sinai, Danny Yagan, and seminar participants at Wharton for suggestions. Gelber acknowledges financial support from the Center for Human Resources, the Risk and Decision Processes Center, and the Zicklin Center for Business Ethics, all at Wharton. Isen acknowledges financial support from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant #R305B090015 of the U.S. Department of Education. All errors are our own. Email: agelber@nber.org, isen@wharton.upenn. edu.
ERICHIG MODEL-BASED WEB APPLICATIOS PRESETATIO

The Web Engineering community provides Web Models that allow the design and development of Web 1.0 applications. Nowadays, there are a growing number of Web 1.0 applications that are migrating towards Web 2.0 User Interfaces, in search of multimedia support and higher levels of interaction among other features. These Web 2.0 features can be implemented using RIA technologies. However, most of the current Web Models do not fully exploit all the potential benefits of Rich Internet Applications. Therefore it is difficult for developers to adapt Web 1.0 applications to Web 2.0 using a methodology. Although there are interesting works that extend existing methodologies to deal with RIA features, either they do not fully exploit presentation issues or they only work with a single Web methodology. In this paper we use RUXMethod to facilitate the evolution of existing Web 1.0 applications based on Web Models to multi-device Web 2.0 applications. RUX-Method focuses on the enrichment of the User Interface while takes full advantage of the functionality already provided by the existing Web models. Far from explaining RUXMethod in detail, this paper focuses on the way the information provided by Web Models is retrieved and then used by RUX-Method.
Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADP 014823 TITLE : Unfolding of Proteins : Thermal and Mechanical Unfolding

This paper is part of the following report: TITLE: Annual Research Briefs 2003 [Center for Turbulence Research] To order the complete compilation report, use: ADA420749 The component part is provided here to allow users access to individually authored sections of proceedings, annals, symposia, etc. However, the component should be considered within [he context of the overall compilation report and not as a stand-alone technical report.
Topological methods in nonlinear analysis

In this paper, we introduce the deﬁnition of a C 0 -semigroup on a time scale, which uniﬁes the continuous, discrete and other cases which lie between them. Also, it extends the classical theory of operator semigroups to the quantum case. We study the relationship between the semigroup and its inﬁnitesimal generator. We apply our theory to study the homogeneous and non homogeneous abstract Cauchy problem in Banach and Fr´echet spaces.
Clinical Outcomes After Anterior Shoulder Stabilization in Overhead Athletes: An Analysis of the MOON Shoulder Instability Consortium

Background: Traumatic anterior shoulder instability is a common condition affecting sports participation among young athletes. Clinical outcomes after surgical management may vary according to patient activity level and sport involvement. Overhead athletes may experience a higher rate of recurrent instability and difficulty returning to sport postoperatively with limited previous literature to guide treatment. Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization within the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability Consortium and to identify prognostic factors associated with successful return to sport at 2 years postoperatively. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Overhead athletes undergoing primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization as part of the MOON Shoulder Instability Consortium were identified for analysis. Primary outcomes included the rate of recurrent instability, defined as any patient reporting recurrent dislocation or reoperation attributed to persistent instability, and return to sport at 2 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow questionnaire score. Univariate regression analysis was performed to identify patient and surgical factors predictive of return to sport at short-term follow-up. Results: A total of 49 athletes were identified for inclusion. At 2-year follow-up, 31 (63%) athletes reported returning to sport. Of those returning to sport, 22 athletes (45% of the study population) were able to return to their previous levels of competition (nonrefereed, refereed, or professional) in at least 1 overhead sport. Two patients (4.1%) underwent revision stabilization, although 14 (28.6%) reported subjective apprehension or looseness. Age (P = .87), sex (P = .82), and baseline level of competition (P = .37) were not predictive of return to sport. No difference in range of motion in all planes (P > .05) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index scores (78.0 vs 80.1, P = .73) was noted between those who reported returning to sport and those who did not. Conclusion: Primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in overhead athletes is associated with a low rate of recurrent stabilization surgery. Return to overhead athletics at short-term follow-up is lower than that previously reported for the general athletic population.
Physics and the Ultimate Significance of Time

David R Griffin (ed) 1986 New York: State University of New York Press xv + 322 pp price $44.50 ($14.95 paperback) ISBN 0 88706 113 3 Hdbk, 0 88706 115 XPbk This book is based on the proceedings of a conference held in Claremont, California, in 1984 and it includes subsequent comments on contributions from participants, together with authors' replies, submitted to and collated by the editor (himself a substantial contributor) at a later date. Participants at this conference included philosophers and theologians; Bohm, Prigogine and Stapp were among the principal contributors.
Class-wide Effects of Positive Peer Reporting on the Disruptive Behavior of Children with Emotional Disturbance

CLASS-WIDE EFFECTS OF POSITIVE PEER REPORTING ON THE DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN WITH EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE by Kristi L. Hofstadter Peers exert considerable influence on the behavior of one another, and positive peer reporting (PPR) has emerged as one method for successfully incorporating peer attention into social interventions. PPR consists of reinforcing classroom peers using a group contingency for making praise statements regarding the social behavior of target students. The current study employed an increasing intensity design to evaluate the effects of two levels of PPR, targeted and class-wide PPR, on the class-wide average of disruptive behavior for seven first and second grade students in a classroom for children with emotional disturbance. Targeted PPR consisted of one to two target students serving as recipients of praise statements, and class-wide PPR represented an increase in intensity, as all seven students became recipients of praise. Results indicated that class-wide disruptive behavior decreased by 15% during targeted PPR, and by an additional 7% during the class-wide PPR phase. CLASS-WIDE EFFECTS OF POSITIVE PEER REPORTING ON THE DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN WITH EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE
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In this paper we present algorithms for parsing general Tree Adjoining Languages (TALs). Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAGs) have been proposed as an elegant formalism for natural languages. It was an open question for the past ten years as to whether TAL parsing can be done in time o(n). We settle this question aÆrmatively by presenting an O(n M(n)) time algorithm, where M(k) is the time needed for multiplying two Boolean matrices of size k k each. Since O(k) is the current best known value forM(k), the time bound of our algorithm is O(n). On an EREW PRAM our algorithm runs in time O(n log n) using n 2 M(n) log n processors. In comparison, the best known previous parallel algorithm had a run time of O(n) using n processors (on a systolic array machine). We also present algorithms for parsing Context Free Languages (CFLs) and TALs whose worst case run times are O(n) and O(n), respectively, but whose average run times are better. Therefore, these algorithms may be of practical interest.
The experience is in the journey: An appreciative case-study investigating early career teachers employment in rural schools

Based on a sample of over 3000 primary and secondary school students located in regional and rural schools in Tasmania (Australia) this research had three aims: (1) to identify studentsâ€™ self-perceptions of schooling with a focus on high school completion (referred to as school retention); (2) to determine if gender, socio-economic factors, level of school absenteeism, and school setting (primary or secondary) influenced the studentsâ€™ responses; and (3) to identify which factors had the greatest influence on the studentsâ€™ aspirations to continue their schooling. Â A 42-item survey produced eight factors: (1) Teacher Support, (2) Aspirations, (3) School Organisation, (4) English Ability, (5) Maths Ability, (6) Friends, (7) Other Activities, and (8) Career Goals. Higher levels of absenteeism, lower socio-economic status, and transitioning to secondary school reduced scores on the factors. Â Girls had higher scores for three factors: (1) Teacher Support, (2) English Ability, and (3) Aspirations. Regression analysis identified Friends, English and Mathematics Ability, Other Activities, and Teacher Support as the â€˜best predictorsâ€™ of studentsâ€™ aspiration to continue schooling. The implications of the significant findings for school practice are discussed with recommendations for interventions. Â
A Generalized Back-door Criterion 1

We generalize Pearl’s back-door criterion for directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to more general types of graphs that describe Markov equivalence classes of DAGs and/or allow for arbitrarily many hidden variables. We also give easily checkable necessary and sufficient graphical criteria for the existence of a set of variables that satisfies our generalized back-door criterion, when considering a single intervention and a single outcome variable. Moreover, if such a set exists, we provide an explicit set that fulfills the criterion. We illustrate the results in several examples. R-code is available in the R-package pcalg.
A combined tracer-hydrometric approach to assess the effect of catchment scale on water flow path, source and age

The scaling of water source contributions to channel stormflow is not well understood. We collected rainfall-runoff data along with streamflow and rainfall δ 18 O information for four nested catchments in the Maimai watershed, South Island, New Zealand. The catchments ranged in size from 0. 1 to 920 ha. Water source contributions and water age spectra were assessed for an 87 mm rainfall event using a new model by Stewart & Rowe (1999). We found that (a) the source contributions of new water increased with increasing catchment area for catchment scales above the representative elementary area of the system, and (b) water age (flow time) showed some increase with increasing catchment size (beyond the zero-order catchment scale), and peak water fraction increased linearly with catchment area. This work has implications for how we model stream water chemistry since it is affected by both the mixing of different catchment end members and contact time in the subsurface.
Environmental Awareness of Batik Entrepreneurs in Kelantan, Malaysia â An Early Insight

In reality small businesses significantly responsible to environmental degradations because they pay no or little attention towards environment issues as they are preoccupied with matters pertaining to daily business operation as well their limitations in various resources. In Malaysia, batik industry is classified under handicraft product that contributes significantly to the economy of Malays, but the industry has poor environmental record. Yet until recently, issues pertaining to environmental awareness of small business entrepreneurs are under research. In order to fill this academic gap this research aim to investigate awareness of entrepreneurs on environmental issues exacerbated by their businesses. This study utilized in-depth interviews with three entrepreneurs in the industry in Kelantan. Overall, the results of the study found that Batik entrepreneurs had some awareness on environmental issues pertaining to natural environment, but depend on individual. The finding of this research is informative, warrants further efforts from various stakeholders to increase awareness of Batik entrepreneurs on environmental issues because it is considered a perquisite for environmentally friendly practices in the industry.
Local‐in‐Time Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to the Prandtl Equations by Energy Methods

We prove local existence and uniqueness for the two‐dimensional Prandtl system in weighted Sobolev spaces under Oleinik's monotonicity assumption. In particular we do not use the Crocco transform or any change of variables. Our proof is based on a new nonlinear energy estimate for the Prandtl system. This new energy estimate is based on a cancellation property that is valid under the monotonicity assumption. To construct the solution, we use a regularization of the system that preserves this nonlinear structure. This new nonlinear structure may give some insight into the convergence properties from the Navier‐Stokes system to the Euler system when the viscosity goes to 0. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A q-SERIES IDENTITY AND THE ARITHMETIC OF HURWITZ ZETA FUNCTIONS

Here χ2 is the Kronecker character for Q( √ 2). Since these results are born out of the arithmetic of basic hypergeometric functions (for more on basic hypergeometric functions, see [? ]), we refer to them as ‘hypergeometric’. Clearly, this method for computing ζ-values at non-positive integral arguments is very different from the classical approach involving special values of Bernoulli polynomials. Here we show that such hypergeometric generating functions are widespread, and may be obtained in a systematic, rather than ad hoc, fashion. We begin by recalling the Jacobi Triple Product Identity ∞ ∏
El potencial político de la felicidad: fundamentos científicos y de aplicación gubernamental (The Political Potential of Happiness: Scientific and Governmental Grounds)

Este articulo explora la posibilidad de utilizar los hallazgos cientificos sobre la felicidad en las politicas publicas. Parte discutiendo los fundamentos conceptuales, epistemologicos y metodologicos de la emergente ciencia de la felicidad, para luego proponer una forma especifica de aplicacion politica de estos descubrimientos cientificos. Posteriormente, se argumenta que es deseable que los Estados nacionales consideren la felicidad de la poblacion en la orientacion de sus politicas publicas, ya que ello permite redefinir democraticamente el progreso social y establecer una mediacion entre los polos tradicionales de conduccion politica.
O Complexo Arqueológico de Palestina de Goiás/Brasil – uma avaliação dos conjuntos líticos mais antigos em contextualização macrorregional

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados iniciais advindos da retomada de pesquisa arqueologica no municipio de Palestina de Goias (Regiao Arqueologica de Caiaponia). Apesar da expressiva abrangencia tematica da pesquisa na regiao, este trabalho foca na variabilidade tecnologica presente nos conjuntos liticos de dois sitios da regiao: GO-Cp-16 e GO-Cp-17 e seus aspectos geomorfologicos. Esses sitios sao relacionados ao periodo do Holoceno Medio e a cultura material aqui analisada foi, majoritariamente, obtida pelas escavacoes realizadas entre 1979 e 1981. Tambem traz reflexoes sobre o contexto macrorregional em que estes sitios se encontram.
Manipulating Motivating Operations Within and Across Classes of Reinforcers: Are There Differential Effects?

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments. v Vita . vii Publications . viii Field of Study . viii List of Tables . xiv List of Figures . xv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Historical Conceptualization of Motivation by Behavior Analysts . 3 Contemporary Analysis of Motivation . 6 Three-Classes of Reinforcers . 7 Characteristics of Motivating Operations . 9 Establishing and Abolishing Operations . 10 Unconditioned and Conditioned Motivating Operations . 12 x Distinguishing Between Motivating Operations and Discriminative Stimuli . 14 Implications of Motivating Operations and Relation to Reinforcement . 16 Noncontingent reinforcement as a motivating operation . 16 Differential Effectiveness of Motivating Operations . 17 Purpose of this Investigation . 20 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 21 Article Selection . 21 Article Analysis Procedures . 23 Structure of Review . 26 Results and Analysis . 26 General Findings of the MO Literature . 26 Search results . 26 Participants and settings . 27 Target behaviors . 28 Descriptions of MO manipulations. 29 Motivating Operations and Primary Reinforcers . 32 Motivating Operations and Conditioned Reinforcers . 35 Motivating Operations and Token Reinforcers . 40 Analysis of Motivating Operations Across Classes of Reinforcers . 43 xi Discussion . 47 Major Findings . 47 Analysis of motivating operations within classes of reinforcers. 48 Primary reinforcers . 48 Conditioned reinforcers . 50 Token reinforcers . 50 Analysis of motivating operations across classes of reinforcers . 51 Limitations . 52 Implications for Practice . 53 Guidelines and Directions for Future Research . 54 Conclusion . 57 Chapter 3: Method . 58 Participants . 58 Experimenter and Research Assistants . 59 Setting. 60 Materials . 60 Preliminary Procedures . 61 Preference assessments . 61 Functional skills assessment . 63 xii Conditioning the token reinforcer . 64 Motivating Operations Across Reinforcer Class Analysis Procedures . 64 Baseline . 65 Pre-session access . 66 Pre-session restriction . 67 Motivating operations analysis . 68 Primary reinforcers . 70 Conditioned reinforcers . 70 Token reinforcers . 70 Dependent Variables and Response Measurement . 71 Preference Assessments . 71 Motivating operations analysis . 71 Experimental Design and Data Analysis . 72 Procedural Integrity and Interobserver Agreement . 76 Chapter 4: Results . 78 Jack . 78 Preference assessments . 78 Motivating operations across reinforcer class analysis . 79 Demand functions analysis . 81 xiii Michael . 85 Preference assessments . 85 Motivating operations across reinforcer class analysis . 86 Demand functions analysis . 91 Cheeto. 94 Preference assessments . 94 Motivating operations across reinforcer class analysis . 96 Demand functions analysis . 99 Chapter 5: Discussion . 101 Applied Implications . 109 Considerations and Limitations . 111 Future Research . 115 Conclusion . 117 References .
Symmetric high order Gautschi-type exponential wave integrators pseudospectral method for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in the nonrelativistic limit regime

A group of high order Gautschi-type exponential wave integrators (EWIs) Fourier pseudospectral method are proposed and analyzed for solving the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation (KGE) in the nonrelativistic limit regime, where a parameter $0<\varepsilon\ll1$ which is inversely proportional to the speed of light, makes the solution propagate waves with wavelength $O(\varepsilon^2)$ in time and $O(1)$ in space. With the Fourier pseudospectral method to discretize the KGE in space, we propose a group of EWIs with designed Gautschi's type quadratures for the temporal integrations, which can offer any intended even order of accuracy provided that the solution is smooth enough, while all the current existing EWIs offer at most second order accuracy. The scheme is explicit, time symmetric and rigorous error estimates show the meshing strategy of the proposed method is time step $\tau=O(\varepsilon^2)$ and mesh size $h=O(1)$ as $0<\varepsilon\ll1$, which is `optimal' among all classical numerical methods towards solving the KGE directly in the limit regime, and which also distinguish our methods from other high order approaches such as Runge-Kutta methods which require $\tau=O(\varepsilon^3)$. Numerical experiments with comparisons are done to confirm the error bound and show the superiority of the proposed methods over existing classical numerical methods.