Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SATB Homeobox Proteins Regulate Trophoblast Stem Cell Renewal and Differentiation*

Background: Trophoblast cells, the functional components of the placenta, are derived from multipotent trophoblast stem (TS) cells. Results: SATB homeobox proteins regulate the TS cell stem state through up-regulation of a stem-specific transcription factor, EOMES, and inhibition of trophoblast differentiation. Conclusion: SATB proteins regulate TS cell development. Significance: Understanding TS cell biology is crucial to determining processes underlying placental development. The morphogenesis of the hemochorial placenta is dependent upon the precise expansion and differentiation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells. SATB homeobox 1 (SATB1) and SATB2 are related proteins that have been implicated as regulators of some stem cell populations. SATB1 is highly expressed in TS cells, which prompted an investigation of SATB1 and the related SATB2 as regulators of TS cells. SATB1 and SATB2 were highly expressed in rat TS cells maintained in the stem state and rapidly declined following induction of differentiation. SATB proteins were also present within the rat placenta during early stages of its morphogenesis and disappeared as gestation advanced. Silencing Satb1 or Satb2 expression decreased TS cell self-renewal and increased differentiation, whereas ectopic expression of SATB proteins promoted TS cell expansion and blunted differentiation. Eomes, a key transcriptional regulator of TS cells, was identified as a target for SATB proteins. SATB knockdown decreased Eomes transcript levels and promoter activity, whereas SATB ectopic expression increased Eomes transcript levels and promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that SATB proteins physically associate with a regulatory site within the Eomes promoter. We conclude that SATB proteins promote TS cell renewal and inhibit differentiation. These actions are mediated in part by regulating the expression of the TS cell stem-associated transcription factor, EOMES.
Unusual form of neurocysticercosis associated with HIV infection

Concurrent infection with Taenia solium and HIV would be expected to occur more frequently because of the increasing frequency of HIV infection in endemic areas of cysticercosis. However, little is known about the influence of HIV infection on the frequency and the clinical course of cysticercosis. Giant cysts and racemose forms of neurocysticercosis seem to be more frequent in HIV‐infected patients and may be secondary to an uncontrolled parasitic growth because of an impaired cell‐mediated immune response. We report an unusual case of epidural spinal racemose neurocysticercosis revealed by compression of cauda equina in an HIV‐infected man and discuss the potential interactions between T. solium and HIV infections.
Feasibility of microdialysis for determination of protein binding and target site pharmacokinetics of colistin in vivo

Tissue pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of colistin have not been described in humans in vivo. Colistin concentrations in plasma, muscle, and subcutis of healthy volunteers were measured by microdialysis after a single dose of 2.5 million IU of colistin methanesulfonate. In vitro microdialysis experiments and an in vivo pilot study were performed prior to the in vivo main study. Concentration‐time profiles of total colistin in plasma were comparable with previously described values. The unbound fraction of colistin in plasma (fu) ranged from 2.8% to 14.1%. Low plasma fu correlated with low unbound colistin concentrations in muscle and subcutis. In vitro, mean relative recovery of microdialysis probes was higher in the reverse dialysis setting compared to the forward dialysis mode (71 ± 9% vs. 45 ± 14%, respectively); mean overall recovery in the main study in vivo was 49 ± 5%. Present data suggest that colistin is extensively protein bound in plasma and poorly distributed into soft tissue. However, differences in relative recovery between forward and reverse dialysis in vitro indicate that results might have been influenced by adhesion of colistin to microdialysis equipment. Microdialysis should be considered as a semiquantitative method for the estimation of unbound colistin levels in soft tissue.
The low therapeutic efficacy of postoperative chest radiographs for surgical intensive care unit patients.

BACKGROUND The clinical value of postoperative chest radiographs (CXRs) for surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients is largely unknown. In the present study, we determined the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of postoperative CXRs for different surgical subgroups and related their efficacy to the time after ICU admission. METHODS A prospective, observational study of consecutive postoperative surgical ICU patients was performed during a 10 month period. We restricted our analysis to CXRs obtained within six hours after admission to the ICU. Diagnostic efficacy was defined by the presence of predefined major abnormalities; therapeutic efficacy was defined by predefined actions taken because of any abnormality found on postoperative CXRs. RESULTS Of 857 surgical ICU patients, 670 (78%) had a postoperative CXR after admission to the ICU. Of these CXRs, 80 were performed for clinical reasons, and 590 were routinely obtained (i.e., these CXRs were made without a reason other than admission to the ICU itself). The diagnostic efficacy of clinically indicated and routinely obtained CXRs was 18% (14/80) and 13% (79/590), respectively. Of all predefined abnormalities found on CXRs, 60% involved the malposition of invasive devices, such as endotracheal tubes or central venous lines. The therapeutic efficacy of clinically indicated and routinely obtained CXRs was 4% (3/80) and 4% (26/590), respectively. While the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of routinely obtained CXRs were not dependent on timing of admission, the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of clinically indicated CXRs was higher for CXRs taken closer to the time of ICU admission. CONCLUSION Although the diagnostic efficacy of clinically indicated and routinely obtained postoperative CXRs in surgical ICU patients appears to be significant, their therapeutic efficacy is low.
How Qualitative Methods Contribute to Understanding Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence

Summary:Strict adherence to medication regimens is generally required to obtain optimal response to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Yet, we have made limited progress in developing strategies to decrease the prevalence of nonadherence. As we work to understand adherence in developed countries, the introduction of ART in resource-poor settings raises novel challenges. Qualitative research is a scientific approach that uses methods such as observation, interviews, and verbal interactions to gather rich in-depth information about how something is experienced. It seeks to understand the beliefs, values, and processes underlying behavioral patterns. Qualitative methods provide powerful tools for understanding adherence. Culture-specific influences, medication beliefs, access, stigma, reasons for nonadherence, patterns of medication taking, and intervention fidelity and measurement development are areas ripe for qualitative inquiry. A disregard for the social and cultural context of adherence or the imposition of adherence models inconsistent with local values and practices is likely to produce irrelevant or ineffective interventions. Qualitative methods remain underused in adherence research. We review appropriate qualitative methods for and provide an overview of the qualitative research on ART nonadherence. We discuss the rationales for using qualitative methods, present 2 case examples illustrating their use, and discuss possible institutional barriers to their acceptance.
The Moderating Effect of Governance Mechanisms on the Relationship Between Innovation Strategy and the Performance

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of innovation strategy on firm’s performance and investigate the moderating effect of ownership structure and board of directors’ characteristics, as governance attributes, on this relationship. Based on a sample of 29 Tunisian companies over a period from 2008 to 2013, we show that innovation strategy has no effect on firm’s performance. However, some corporate governance attributes are likely to affect this relationship which turns significant. Overall, the independence of board members, CEO duality, audit quality and the independence of audit committee members have moderating effects on the relationship between the innovation strategy and performance. These results illustrate the crucial role played by the board of directors in determining the relationship between the innovation strategy and firm performance.
Controversies and clarifications in the classification of disorders of intellectual development, new genetic findings, epilepsy, bullying, and innovative developmental neuropsychiatric treatments (deep-brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and oxytocin).

DOI:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000398 The current issue begins with a historical review of efforts to reach consensus on the classification of disorders of intellectual development by the chairman and members of the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11) Work Group [1]. A companion article examines the value of using neurocognitive profiles in ICD-11 diagnostic assessments [2]. The concept of the broader behavioral phenotype is introduced and examined in Lesch– Nyhan syndrome (LNS) and its variants [3]. How whole exome sequencing is redefining our understanding of the phenotype/genotype relationship is reviewed in Rett syndrome [4]. The frequency of epilepsy in neurodevelopmental disorders is considered, and neuropsychiatric complications are examined [5]. Innovative new treatments are discussed in three of the articles in this issue: Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) for chronic severe self-injury in LNS [1], electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for agitated catatonia with intractable self-injury in autism [6] and the evidence base for using oxytocin as a treatment in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) [7]. Finally, the role of stigma is specifically examined in autism [8]. Stigma may lead to bullying in children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as in epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In the United States, bullying of a child with a diagnosis of Down syndrome who was taunted with the word ‘retard’ by peers resulted in Rosa’s Law (Pub. L. 111–256) that led to a name change in United States federal law [9]. The bill removes the terms ‘mental retardation’ and ‘mentally retarded’ from federal health, education and labor policy and replaces them with intellectual disability and the requirement to use person first language ‘individual with
The impact of benefit sanctioning on food insecurity:a dynamic cross-area study of food bank usage in the UK

Household food security, which may be compromised by short-term income shocks, is a key determinant of health. Since 2012, the UK witnessed marked increases in the rate of ‘sanctions’ applied to unemployment insurance claimants, which stop payments to claimants for a minimum of four weeks. In 2013, over 1 million sanctions were applied, potentially leaving people facing economic hardship and driving them to use food banks. Here we test this hypothesis by linking data from the Trussell Trust Foodbank Network with records on sanctioning rates across 259 local authorities in the UK. After accounting for local authority differences and time trends, as the rate of sanctioning increased by 10 per 100,000 adults, the rate of adults fed by foodbanks by an additional 3.36 adults per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.71 to 5.01). The availability of food distribution sites affected how tightly sanctioning and food bank usage were associated (p<0.001 for interaction term), such that in areas with few distribution sites, rising sanctions led to smaller increases in Trussell Trust food bank usage. Sanctioning appears to be closely linked with rising need for emergency food assistance, but the impact of sanctioning on food insecurity is likely not fully reflected in available data. There is a need to monitor household food insecurity in the UK to fully understand the impact of government policies on this outcome.
Parallel optimisation of pump schedules with a thread-safe variant of EPANET toolkit

The optimisation of pump operations in water distribution networks is an ongoing research topic motivated by the great energy savings that a careful scheduling of pumps may achieve. State-of-the-art approaches often combine an optimisation algorithm, such as Evolutionary Algorithms, and full hydraulic simulation. Despite the advances in optimisation techniques and hardware performance, the time required to obtain a near-optimal schedule is still measured in hours. Multiple CPUs are increasingly used to parallelise tasks that require a high computation time. In fact, parallel optimisation algorithms are widely present in the literature. On the other hand, hydraulic simulators that support parallel computation are scarce. The most popular research simulator, EPANET, was not designed with concurrency in mind. In this paper, a new thread-safe variant of the EPANET Toolkit is proposed. As an application example, we propose a parallel variant of an Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithm for optimal pump scheduling in water distribution networks. The thread-safe EPANET library is combined with the parallel ACO algorithm to achieve reduced computation time in a multi-core computer. Experimental results show that an initial computation time close to 2 hours may be reduced to less than half an hour without sacrificing the quality of the results. The number of ants is also identified as a parameter that influences execution time in the parallel ACO approach proposed in this paper.
Linking Emotional Labor, Public Service Motivation, and Job Satisfaction: Social Workers in Health Care Settings

This study examines the determinants of emotional laborers’—social workers in health care organizations—job satisfaction and their public service motivation in using a structural equation model and provides empirical evidence regarding what contributes to job satisfaction or burnout in these workers. Among several latent variables, this study confirmed that false face significantly decreases the job satisfaction of social worker and is positively associated with burnout. In addition, commitment to public interest increases social workers’ job satisfaction significantly. This study has implications for the management of emotional labor. By educating emotional laborers to reappraise situations to increase their job satisfaction and avoid burnout, reappraisal training and education are expected to result in increases in positive emotions and decreases in negative emotions, and to improve employees’ performance in their organizations.
Contracts in the Wild: A Study of Java Programs (Artifact)

This artefact contains a dataset of open-source programs obtained from the Maven Central Repository and scripts that first extract contracts from these programs and then perform several analyses on the contracts extracted. The extraction and analysis is fully automated and directly produces the tables presented in the accompanying paper. The results show how contracts are used in real-world program, and how their usage changes between versions and within inheritance hierarchies.
Preterm delivery and risk of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and type‐II diabetes in the mother

Please cite this paper as: Lykke J, Paidas M, Damm P, Triche E, Kuczynski E, Langhoff‐Roos J. Preterm delivery and risk of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and type‐II diabetes in the mother. BJOG 2010;117:274–281.
Networking and technological learning in small and medium scale manufacturing enterprises in Zimbabwe

The overall aim of this thesis is to understand the relationship between technological learning and networking for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engaged in manufacturing in Zimbabwe. This understanding is vital in order to facilitate a more purposeful mainstreaming of manufacturing SMEs into the national economy. The implications of the relationship between technological learning and networking are noted in the analyses, conclusions drawn and recommendations made for the strengthening of the development of manufacturing SMEs in the country. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods are used to analyse largely primary data collected principally but not exclusively from Harare. The quantitative data are analysed by applying progressive statistical analysis which involves the use of scatterplot, linear correlation coefficient, Chi-square test and regression analysis. Case study analysis which focuses on four firms with varying characteristics is used to develop an in-depth understanding of the association between technological learning and networking. The research findings generally lend support to the hypothesis that 'small and medium scale light engineering firms that are strongly networked have a greater level of technological leaming than poorly networked firms'. However, there are also qualifiers to this broad hypothesis, of which two are paramount. Firstly, in order to learn from networks a firm must know how to learn. Secondly, while customer networks are consistently of high significance to firms, the same cannot be said of networks involving enterprise support organisations (ESOs). These qualifiers have important policy implications for the type of support that is offered to SMEs in Zimbabwe.
Accelerating Teen Driver Learning: Anywhere, Anytime Training

Novice teen drivers have highly elevated crash rates during the first few months of independent driving. Rear-end, intersection and run-off-road crashes account for the majority of these crashes. Their high crash involvement may be due to underdeveloped skills in anticipating hidden or latent hazards, avoiding or mitigating hazards, and dividing attention between in-vehicle glances and the roadway. Recent novice driver training programs have not comprehensively trained all of these skills nor the aforementioned crash types in which teens are overinvolved.
Stress-induced Activation of Protein Kinase CK2 by Direct Interaction with p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase*

Protein kinase CK2 has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of proteins that are important in cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we demonstrate that the stress signaling agents anisomycin, arsenite, and tumor necrosis factor-α stimulate the specific enzyme activity of CK2 in the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by up to 8-fold, and this could be blocked by the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580. We show that p38α MAP kinase, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, can directly interact with the α and β subunits of CK2 to activate the holoenzyme through what appears to be an allosteric mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate that anisomycin- and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-392, which is important for the transcriptional activity of this growth suppressor protein, requires p38 MAP kinase and CK2 activities.
Evaluation of Determinants of Media Consumption in Brazil

The core aim of this paper was to evaluate determinants of media consumption of Brazilians, and its use as a source of information for the purchase decision. To this end, we used the Brazilian TGI database, and then applied a correspondence analysis by crossing profile variables, media consumption, and its importance as a source of purchasing decision. In this context, six consumer groups were formed. The results obtained shall provide a clearer understanding of media consumption, and a pondering towards the use of attitudinal variables and profile variables on the excessive use of the single-variable Social Class as the main driver for the selection of communication channels. Keywords: Media, Brazil, Consumption.
Translational repression stabilizes messenger RNA of autophagy‐related genes

In response to amino acid starvation, autophagy mediates the lysosome‐dependent turnover of cytosolic components via autophagosome formation. Despite advances in understanding the molecular basis of autophagy process, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that repression of protein synthesis stabilizes the messenger RNAs of specific autophagy‐related (ATG) genes, increasing their respective half‐lives. Further analysis indicated that the stabilization process is attributable to the coding region of the mRNAs. The results suggest a novel mechanism of autophagy regulation by post‐transcriptional mRNA stabilization, in which repression of protein synthesis plays a direct role to sustain the autophagy process.
The Effect On Firms' Productivity Of Accessibility. The Spanish Manufacturing Sector

This paper evaluates the impact of accessibility on the productivity of Spanish manufacturing firms. We suggest the use of accessibility indicators to workers and commodities, integrating transport, land use, and individual components in their measurement, and computing real distances or travelling times using the Spanish full road network. The estimation is carried out in two steps. In the first one we estimate almost a hundred production functions using a panel of 155,937 firms along the 1999-2009 period from SABI database, applying Levinsohn and Petrin technique. From these estimations we derive the Total Factor Productivity function for year 2009, which is then explained in the second estimation step as a function of the accessibility indicators and additional control variables. Results evidence the crucial role of the accessibility to commodities, and a lesser but significant effect of workers' accessibility on firms' productivity.
Blood pressure and ageing; results of a 15-17 year follow-up study in South Wales.

1. Several recent studies of the relation between blood pressure and ageing have been re-examined, and it is concluded that none satisfactorily investigates the possibility of separate influences of age and attained pressure in determining the rate of change of pressure with time. 2. If the rate of increase of pressure is proportional to the attained pressure, pressure is an exponential function of age. An attempt has been made to determine the relation of blood pressure with age by fitting curves to individuals9 measurements made over periods of 15 1/2 and 17 1/2 years in two epidemiological surveys in South Wales. 3. Three models were used: (1) a linear regression, (2) an exponential function, and (3) a model based on the hypothesis that an individual9s pressure fluctuates about a constant mean until a variable age at which it increases at a constant rate. Neither model (2) nor model (3) was significantly better than model (1), but this may have been largely due to the small number of measurements (four) for each subject. 4. A positive slope to the linear regression of pressure on time was obtained for most adults. In middle-aged subjects the distributions of these regression coefficients appear unimodal. The rate of increase was higher in those with initially raised values but increased with age independently of the blood pressure level. In these populations some factor related to ageing appears to play a role in causing this increase in pressure in addition to any possible direct influence of the attained pressure.