Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Transient Severe Motion Related to Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MR Imaging.

PURPOSE To investigate the cause of imaging artifacts observed during gadoxetic acid-enhanced arterial phase imaging of the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Data were collected prospectively at two sites (site A, United States; site B, Japan) from patients undergoing contrast material-enhanced MR imaging with gadoxetic acid (site A, n = 154, dose = 0.05 mmol/kg; site B, n = 130, 0.025 mmol/kg) or gadobenate dimeglumine (only site A, n = 1666) from January 2014 to September 2014 at site A and from November 2014 to January 2015 at site B. Detailed comparisons between the two agents were made in the patients with dynamic liver acquisitions (n = 372) and age-, sex-, and baseline oxygen saturation (Spo2)-matched pairs (n = 130) at site A. Acquired data included self-reported dyspnea after contrast agent injection, Spo2, and breath-hold fidelity monitored with respiratory bellows. RESULTS Self-reported dyspnea was more frequent with gadoxetic acid than with gadobenate dimeglumine (site A, 6.5% [10 of 154] vs 0.1% [two of 1666], P < .001; site B, 1.5% [two of 130]). In the matched-pair comparison, gadoxetic acid, as compared with gadobenate dimeglumine, had higher breath-hold failure rates (site A, 34.6% [45 of 130] vs 11.7% [15 of 130], P < .0001; site B, 16.2% [21 of 130]) and more severe artifacts during arterial phase imaging (site A, 7.7% [10 of 130] vs 0% [none of 130], P < .001; site B, 2.3% [three of 130]). Severe imaging artifacts in patients who received gadoxetic acid were significantly associated with male sex (P = .023), body mass index (P = .021), and breath-hold failure (P < .001) but not with dyspnea or Spo2 decrease. CONCLUSION Severe motion-related artifacts in the arterial phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MR imaging are associated with breath-hold failure but not with subjective feelings of dyspnea or a substantial decrease in blood Spo2. Subjective feelings of dyspnea are not necessarily associated with imaging artifacts. The phenomenon, albeit at a lower rate, was confirmed at a second site in Japan.
Leukemia-Associated, Constitutively Active Mutants of SHP2 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibit NF1 Transcriptional Activation by the Interferon Consensus Sequence Binding Protein

ABSTRACT Deficiency in either the interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) or neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) increases the proliferative response of myeloid progenitor cell to hematopoietic cytokines. Consistent with this, we previously demonstrated that ICSBP activates transcription of the gene encoding Nf1 (the NF1 gene). In the studies presented here, we determine that ICSBP tyrosine phosphorylation is necessary for the activation of NF1 transcription. Since ICSBP is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to hematopoietic cytokines, these studies identify a novel pathway by which cytokine-induced posttranslational modification of ICSBP results in NF1 transcription. Nf1 subsequently inactivates cytokine-activated Ras, thereby creating a negative feedback mechanism for cytokine-induced proliferation. In these studies, we also determine that ICSBP is a substrate for SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2-PTP). We find that wild-type SHP2-PTP dephosphorylates ICSBP only in undifferentiated myeloid cells. In contrast, a leukemia-associated, constitutively activated mutant form of SHP2-PTP dephosphorylates ICSBP in both myeloid progenitors and differentiating myeloid cells. Activated SHP2-PTP mutants thereby inhibit ICSBP-dependent NF1 transcription, impairing this negative feedback mechanism on cytokine-activated Ras. Therefore, these studies suggest that leukemia-associated ICSBP deficiency cooperates with leukemia-associated activating mutants of SHP2-PTP to contribute to the proliferative phenotype in myeloid malignancies.
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in a tertiary health institution, south western Nigeria

Introduction Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of child bearing age. Bacterial vaginosis has emerged as a global health issue due to the adverse outcome in pregnancy and in the puerperium. The study determined the prevalence of BV and outcome of delivery among pregnant women. Methods Socio-demographic data and vaginal swab samples were obtained from 362 consecutive pregnant women with abnormal vaginal discharge attending antenatal clinic in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Data were analysed using SPSS statistical software 21 and association between variables was compared using Chi square. Results The prevalence of BV among pregnant women with abnormal vaginal discharge in this study was 16.6%. Age group 25-34yrs, multiparity and higher education were significantly associated with BV, p < 0.05. Symptoms such as vulvar itching, dyspareunia, lower abdominal pains and characteristic of vaginal discharge such as colour and consistency were significantly associated with BV, p < 0.05. Women with bacterial vaginosis significantly had prelabour rupture of fetal membrane and their babies were born prematurely with low birth weight and Apgar score of less than 5 at one minute, p < 0.05. However, there was no difference statistically in rate of admission into special care baby unit among the women, p > 0.05. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that there should be screening for BV in pregnant women presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge so that they could be treated accordingly. This will mitigate the complications arising from bacterial vaginosis.
Development of a New Outcome Prediction Model in Early-stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity Based on Histopathologic Parameters With Multivariate Analysis: The Aditi-Nuzhat Lymph-node Prediction Score (ANLPS) System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic parameters that predict lymph node metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to design a new assessment score on the basis of these parameters that could ultimately allow for changes in treatment decisions or aid clinicians in deciding whether there is a need for close follow-up or to perform early lymph node dissection. Histopathologic parameters of 336 cases of OSCC with stage cT1/T2 N0M0 disease were analyzed. The location of the tumor and the type of surgery used for the management of the tumor were recorded for all patients. The parameters, including T stage, grading of tumor, tumor budding, tumor thickness, depth of invasion, shape of tumor nest, lymphoid response at tumor-host interface and pattern of invasion, eosinophilic reaction, foreign-body giant cell reaction, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion, were examined. Ninety-two patients had metastasis in lymph nodes. On univariate and multivariate analysis, independent variables for predicting lymph node metastasis in descending order were depth of invasion (P=0.003), pattern of invasion (P=0.007), perineural invasion (P=0.014), grade (P=0.028), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.038), lymphoid response (P=0.037), and tumor budding (P=0.039). We designed a scoring system on the basis of these statistical results and tested it. Cases with scores ranging from 7 to 11, 12 to 16, and ≥17 points showed LN metastasis in 6.4%, 22.8%, and 77.1% of cases, respectively. The difference between these 3 groups in relation to nodal metastasis was very significant (P<0.0001). A patient at low risk for lymph node metastasis (score, 7 to 11) had a 5-year survival of 93%, moderate-risk patients (score, 12 to 16) had a 5-year survival of 67%, and high-risk patients (score, 17 to 21) had a 5-year survival of 39%. The risk of lymph node metastasis in OSCC is influenced by many histologic parameters that are not routinely analyzed in pathologic reports. These significant independent factors were graded to design a scoring system that permits accurate evaluation of the risk of metastasis with accuracy independent of the traditional TNM system or isolated histologic parameters. The need for neck node dissection can be predicted depending upon the scores obtained.
MARKETING DEVELOPMENT THROUGH NETWORKING: A COMPETENCY BASED APPROACH FOR SMALL FIRM ENTREPRENEURS

In recent years the use of networks and, in particular, personal contact networks (PCNs) has emerged as a focus for research in the area of small firm entrepreneurship. A tacit theme emerging from this area has been the need for entrepreneurs to develop a competency in using their PCNs as a means of resolving marketing problems faced in developing their enterprises. The competency literature itself focuses primarily on the subject of management development, with scant attention given to the identification of specific competences for small firm entrepreneurs and, in particular, the challenges they face in marketing decision‐making. Previous research by the authors addressed this shortcoming and pointed to the value of using PCNs for resolving marketing problems in the entrepreneurial small firm. A spectrum of entrepreneurial competences critical for marketing‐led enterprise development was developed. A conceptual model is proposed of how small firm entrepreneurs might use their existing competency strengths to develop a further competency in the proactive use of PCNs, a strength which is critical for the planned success of the entrepreneurial enterprise.
Median mandibular flexure at different mouth opening and its relation to different facial types: A prospective clinical study

Objective: To measure the arch width and Median mandibular flexure (MMF) values at relative rest and maximum jaw opening in young adults with Dolichofacial, Mesofacial, and Brachyfacial types and tested whether the variation in the facial pattern is related to the MMF values in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: This Prospective clinical study consisted of sample of 60 young adults. The subjects were grouped into 3 groups: Group 1: Brachyfacial, Group 2: Mesofacial and types, Group 3: Dolichofacial. Impressions were taken for all the 60 subjects and the casts were scanned and digitized. The intermolar width was measured for Dolichofacial, Mesofacial, and Brachyfacial subjects at relative rest (R) and maximum opening (O). Results: The statistical analysis of the observations included Descriptive and Inferential statistics. The statistical analysis was executed by means of Sigma graph pad prism software, USA Version-4. Kruskal wallis (ANOVA) followed by Dunns post hoc test was performed. Mann Whitney U-test was performed to assess the difference in MMF values between Males and Females of the three groups. The Mean (SD) Mandibular flexure in individuals with Brachyfacial type was 1.12 (0.09), Mesofacial type was 0.69 (0.21), and Dolichofacial type was 0.39 (0.08). Conclusions: The Mean intermolar width was maximum in Brachyfacial type and minimum in Dolichofacial type. MMF was maximum at the maximum mouth opening position and was maximum in individuals with Brachyfacial type.
Perhatian Orang Tua dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa

Learning outcomes are benchmarks to determine the level of success of students in knowing and understanding the lessons they get in the form of knowledge, attitudes and skills after students experience the learning process. Student learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education are influenced by many factors, including the attention of parents and motivation to learn. The high attention of parents and motivation to learn can support the learning achievement achieved by students. This quantitative research aims to see the effect of parents' attention and learning motivation on learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education students at SMP Negeri 01 Pemalang by using path analysis. The problem revealed is how parents 'attention to children's education, how the learning motivation of students at Pemalang State Junior High School 01 and how the influence between parents' attention and learning motivation simultaneously on the educational achievement of Islamic education. The results showed that parents' attention to children's education was high, and the learning motivation of the students of SMP Negeri 01 Pemalang was also high.
Motor Development During the First Year: A Comparative Study

Abstract This investigation of the motor development characteristics of Brazilian infants during the 1st year of postnatal life compared the findings with those of a widely used U.S. sample (N. Bayley, 1993). Analysis of the 12 monthly assessments indicated that Brazilian infants' scores increased with age, with the greatest increase occurring over the first 8 months. As a general comparison, the results are similar to the U.S. patterns of development. However, the Brazilian sample exhibited mean scores significantly lower than the U.S. sample's in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th months. More specific analyses indicated that the difference within these months was on tasks of sitting and grasping. Possible explanations for the differences focus on variations in child-rearing practices and the influence of biological maturation in early movement behaviors.
Arteriolar oxygen reactivity: where is the sensor and what is the mechanism of action?

Arterioles in the peripheral microcirculation are exquisitely sensitive to changes in PO2 in their environment: increases in PO2 cause vasoconstriction while decreases in PO2 result in vasodilatation. However, the cell type that senses O2 (the O2 sensor) and the signalling pathway that couples changes in PO2 to changes in arteriolar tone (the mechanism of action) remain unclear. Many (but not all) ex vivo studies of isolated cannulated resistance arteries and large, first‐order arterioles support the hypothesis that these vessels are intrinsically sensitive to PO2 with the smooth muscle, endothelial cells, or red blood cells serving as the O2 sensor. However, in situ studies testing these hypotheses in downstream arterioles have failed to find evidence of intrinsic O2 sensitivity, and instead have supported the idea that extravascular cells sense O2. Similarly, ex vivo studies of isolated, cannulated resistance arteries and large first‐order arterioles support the hypotheses that O2‐dependent inhibition of production of vasodilator cyclooxygenase products or O2‐dependent destruction of nitric oxide mediates O2 reactivity of these upstream vessels. In contrast, most in vivo studies of downstream arterioles have disproved these hypotheses and instead have provided evidence supporting the idea that O2‐dependent production of vasoconstrictors mediates arteriolar O2 reactivity, with significant regional heterogeneity in the specific vasoconstrictor involved. Oxygen‐induced vasoconstriction may serve as a protective mechanism to reduce the oxidative burden to which a tissue is exposed, a process that is superimposed on top of the local mechanisms which regulate tissue blood flow to meet a tissue's metabolic demand.
A new inter-vehicle communications (IVC) channel model

A new model of the transmission channel between moving vehicles is presented in this paper. The approach consists of three major parts: the modelling of the road traffic, the modelling of the environment adjacent to the road lane, and the actual modelling of the wave propagation between the vehicles. A ray-optical approach is used to model the wave propagation, which allows for wide-band as well as narrow-band analyses of the channel. A characteristic time series of impulse responses of the IVC-channel can therefore be calculated, which can be directly used for system simulations. Simulation results are compared to wide-band measurements at 5.2 GHz of the IVC-channel, yielding a good agreement.
Electron probe analysis, X-ray mapping, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy of calcium, magnesium, and monovalent ions in log-phase and in dividing Escherichia coli B cells

The elemental composition of individual cells of rapidly frozen and cryosectioned Escherichia coli B was measured with electron optical microanalytic methods. The Ca content was high (26.2 mmol/kg) in a 10-nm-wide region of the cell envelope. Amounts of cytoplasmic Ca in actively dividing cells were significantly higher (32.6 mmol/kg [dry weight]) than in the log-phase (1.5 mmol/kg) cells. Cellular Mg was 205 mmol/kg (dry weight) and it was uniformly distributed throughout the cell. Cells washed in distilled water before freezing lost monovalent ions (Na, Cl, and K), but the membrane-bound Ca and cellular Mg were not reduced, indicating that cellular Mg and membrane Ca are more tightly bound.
Managing Service Quality of Self-Service Technologies to Enhance e-Satisfaction in Digital Banking Context - The Roles of Technology Readiness and Perceived Value

Perceived service quality, value, and customer satisfaction have long been regarded as the most important research topics in services marketing and service operations literature. Although the self-service technologies (SSTs) are deliberately designed to improve quality and contain necessary information to serve customer needs, service quality of SSTs (SQ-SSTs) has not yet been well achieved up to standards of performance. By integrating the self-service technology adoption and technology acceptance models, this study address SQ-SSTs by empirically testing a comprehensive model that capture the comprehensive model of SQ-SSTs to predict e-satisfaction in the context of digital banking in Thailand. The results show that technology readiness (TR) has the influence on SQ-SSTs, which in turn improve e-satisfaction. The study also found that even though SQ-SSTs can positively influence e-satisfaction, perceived value partial mediates the link between SQ-SSTs and e-satisfaction. The findings contribute to the literature in information system and service marketing by highlighting a key mechanism through which firms can enhance service quality of self-service technologies (SQ-SSTs) and e-satisfaction. Managers may therefore particularly wish to consider technology readiness and customersâ perceived value when trying to offer SSTs.
Teamwork in operating-room nursing as experienced by Finnish, British and American nurses

This study explores teamwork in operating room (OR) nursing, and the factors that improve or hinder it, as experienced by Finnish, British and American OR nurses (n = 30). A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to inform the use of a critical incident technique in collecting and analysing data obtained through interviews. The findings established four elements of OR teamwork culture: professional, distracting, organised and physical environment as a marker of teamwork. Good organisation and professionalism improved teamwork, which centred around technical competency and a willingness to co-operate. Teams whose members lacked sufficient skills or motivation, e.g. senior, novice or tired nurses, were thus a source of irritation. OR teamwork was hindered by the presence of distractions such as the unpredictability of some aspects of the work, constant changes in team composition and a need to work overtime. Moreover, excessive perfectionism made nurses worry about mistakes or suppress emotions while working in teams. The four elements of teamwork culture were found in each of the three countries represented in the study. The only finding that related specifically to each country related to the ways in which overtime was organised. Recommendations include the need for further investigation of the ways in which teamwork culture affects patient care particularly with regard to safety issues. In addition, the emotional atmosphere of ORs should be studied with a view to developing positive OR teamwork cultures that attract nurses to work in the OR.
Risk factors of hypertension and correlates of blood pressure and mean arterial pressure among patients receiving health exams at the Preventive Medicine Clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the relevance of several risk factors for hypertension in a Thai population. MATERIAL AND METHOD The authors used multiple linear regression to identify factors that influenced systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in a study of 1,398 patients. RESULTS Hypertensive risk factors were similar among men and women. Increased age, body mass index (BMI), and low educational attainment, were statistically significant risk factors for hypertension in men. For example, overweight men (BMI = 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) were 1.88 times more likely to be hypertensive (OR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.02-3.47) as compared with men who had a normal BMI (20.0-24.9 kg/m2). Obese men (> or = 30.0 kg/m2) had an increased risk, but this association was not significant (OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 0.34-5.69). Similar risk factors were identified among women. Overweight women had a 1.74-increased risk for hypertension (OR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.13-2.69). The corresponding risk was increased 3-fold among obese women (OR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.76-5.29). Among men, age and BMI were positively associated with increased SBP, DBP and MAP Men > or = 60 years of age had an increase in SBP (beta = 18.89, p < 0.001), DBP (beta = 5.53, p < 0.001), and MAP (beta = 9.89, p < 0.001) values as compared with the referent group (< 40 years). Similar associations were noted among women. CONCLUSION Hypertension risk factors observed in this Thai population are similar to those found in Western populations. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate rigorously causal relationships between risk factors and hypertension.
Effect of hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement on growth hormone in the rat.

Thyroidectomy is known to decrease the amount of GH in the pituitary and serum of rats. The present experiments were undertaken to assess GH levels in the serum of thyroidectomized (Tx) rats using RIA and biological criteria simultaneously. In addition to its ability to sustain growth, the biological activity of circulating GH was assessed by measuring its ability to induce refractoriness to the early insulin-like response of epididymal fat to a test dose of GH added in vitro. This paradoxical desensitization of tissue to some of its own actions constitutes a highly specific and sensitive biological index of GH action. Serum concentrations of T4 declined rapidly after Tx and reached barely detactable levels by the 4th postoperative day. Pituitary concentrations of GH remained unchanged through the 4th postoperative day. Pituitary concentrations of GH remained unchanged through the 4th postoperative day and thereafter declined slowly, reaching 50% of control values by the 7th day and 15% by the 10th day an.
Are Hormones from the Neuropeptide Y Family Recognized by Their Receptors from the Membrane‐Bound State?

Hormones and many other neurotransmitters, growth factors, odorant molecules, and light all present stimuli for a class of membrane‐anchored receptors called G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GPCRs are the largest family of cell‐surface receptors involved in signal transduction. About 1 % of all known genes of Drosophila and more than 5 % of the genes of Caenorhabditis elegans encode GPCRs. In addition, more than 50 % of current therapeutic agents on the market target these receptors. When the enormous biological and pharmaceutical importance of these receptors is considered, it is surprising how little is known about the mechanism with which these receptors recognize their natural ligands. In this review we present a structural approach, utilizing techniques of high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy, to address the question of whether peptides from the neuropeptide Y family of neurohormones are recognized directly from solution or from the membrane‐bound state. In our studies we discovered that the structures of the membrane‐bound species are better correlated to the pharmacological properties of these peptides than the solution structures are. These findings are supported by the observation that many biophysical properties of these peptides seem to be optimized for membrane binding. We finally present a scenario of possible events during receptor recognition.