Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain Path Controlled Tests using a New Hollow Cylinder Torsional Shear Apparatus

An automated Hollow Cylinder Torsional (HCT) shear device has been commissioned at Carleton University. This device is capable of both monotonic and cyclic testing under load and displacement controlled loading modes. It can follow prescribed stress/strain paths under generalised loading/drainage conditions. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out (using this device) to investigate the behaviour of sands subjected to different strain paths. The test results show that undrained state may not be the most damaging scenario under generalized loading conditions. Smaller minimum shear strengths (compared to the undrained strength) were measured when the boundary conditions resulted in expansive volume changes. The minimum shear strength of the soil during expansive volumetric strain deformation is further reduced, when the intermediate principal stress parameter increases from 0 to 1. RÉSUMÉ l'Université Carleton s'est procurée un appareil cylindre creux de torsion (HCT) de cisaillement. Ce dispositif peut effectuer des test monotoniques et cycliques en modes de charge ou de déplacement de charge. Il peux suivre les chemins de stress/contraintes prescrits, sous des conditions généralisées de charge/drainage. Une étude expérimentale utilisant ce dispositif a été réalisée pour étudier le comportement du sable dans différents chemins de contraintes. Les résultats des essais montrent que l'état non-drainé ne peut pas être le cas le plus dommageable dans des conditions générales de chargement. De plus petites forces de cisaillement minimum (par rapport à la force nondrainé) ont été mesurés lorsque les conditions limites ont menées à une importante expension de volume. Lors de déformation volumétrique du sol par contrainte, la force de cisaillement minimum du sol est réduite lorsque le parameter de stress intermédiaire principal augmente de 0 à 1.
Exploring Rhythm-Labeling Ability and Sight-Singing Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Choral Students

The purpose of this study was to examine rhythm-labeling ability and sight-singing selfefficacy in middle school choral students. Participants were 118 chorus students in grades six (n = 46), seven (n = 37), and eight (n = 35). Students completed a rhythm-labeling ability assessment and a scale to measure sight-singing self-efficacy. Assessment and data were converted to linear measures using the Multifaceted Rasch Rating Scale Model and analyzed using linear regression to see if rhythm-labeling ability predicted sight-singing self-efficacy. Results indicated that rhythm-labeling ability explained 12.6% of the variance in sight-singing self-efficacy (F(1, 116) = 16.707, p < . 001; ƒ =. 14). Implications for classroom teaching and learning are discussed.
Assessing the probability of financial distress of UK firms

We assess whether the Taffler Z-score conveys sufficient information about the probability of financial distress for UK firms. Using a hazard model that includes the Z-score components, we find that half of its component ratios do not contribute to the corporate failure prediction. We also develop a hazard model that includes Z-score as the only predictor of bankruptcy. We compare these two models with two hazard models based on Shumway (2001). The first model considers accounting and market-related variables whereas the second model is based on market-driven variables. Our results show that both models suggested by Shumway are significantly more informative of financial distress prediction than the model of Z-score components and the univariate hazard model that includes Z-score. When we incorporate Z-score as an additional covariate in the two models based on Shumway (2001) we provide evidence that Z-score is not related to the probability of financial distress. Out-of-sample prediction tests provide evidence that the model of Z-score components has the least predictive ability while the model of Shumway that combines accounting and market-driven variables is the most accurate. Overall, our findings suggest that Z-score needs to be treated with caution with respect to the prediction of financial distress.
M ay 2 01 9 Gravitational lensing in dispersive media and deflection angle of charged massive particles in terms of curvature scalars and energy-momentum tensor

In this work we extend the approach used in [1] to the study of weak gravitational lensing in a plasma medium. First, we present expressions for the deflection angle and optical scalars in terms of the components of the energy-momentum tensor for spherically symmetric lenses surrounded by a cold non-magnetized plasma. Second, we show that the same expressions can be deduced using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. Finally, we establish a correspondence between the spatial orbits of photons in a non-homogeneous plasma and the non-geodesic curves followed by test massive particles whose dynamics also depend on an external central field. As an application, we use the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to compute the deflection angle of the non-geodesic trajectories followed by relativistic test massive charged particles in a Reissner-Nordström spacetime.
Design site characterization via stochastic transfer functions functions

This paper provides an alternative and efficient means for characterisation of design sites classified in the Algerian Resistant Seismic Rules (RPA 99, 2003 version) by average transfer functions, through a stochastic approach, combined with a statistical study. For each soil type, the deterministic calculation of average transfer function is performed over a wide sample of 1-D soil profiles, for which, the average shear wave velocity, Vs, in soil layers is simulated using the random field theory. Thus, for any layer of each design site, Vs is defined between two bounds, so, to describe its variability neither the normal or lognormal distributions are appropriate. For that purpose, a probabilistic model that allows transforming the normal unbounded distribution to a bounded one has been used considering equivalent linear analysis method to approximate the nonlinear soil deposits response. These information help to decide on the aspect of structure type to build.
J 16 . 3 UTILIZING SURFACE NETWORK DATA IN URBAN DISPERSION MODELS

In conducting hazard assessments, data from the nearest NWS Automated Surface Observing System weather station are conventionally used as input for dispersion modeling, but these data are generally distant from the location of interest, and provide little information on turbulence. Figure 1 illustrates some of the difficulties that arise. Wind roses generated from data collected using micrometeorological towers erected on rooftops of central Washington, DC, are quite different from that derived from the nearest station of the National Weather Service, at Washington Reagan National Airport.
Spatial ability, Creativity, and Studio performanCe in arChiteCtural deSign

Architectural design is a multifaceted discipline that requires many abilities, in particular creativity and spatial ability. In order to identify the relationships among spatial ability, creativity, and studio performance, an exploratory study was conducted at one Midwestern university in the uSA. Twenty-one freshman architecture students participated in the study, which involved three tasks: (a) the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking that measures fluency and originality in creativity, (b) a group of general spatial ability tests, and (c) the computer-based Architectural Spatial Ability Test. Students’ scores on the tasks were compared with their studio performance grades using SPSS. Results show that studio performance correlated with the ASAT but did not correlate with the TTCT or a group of general spatial ability tests. These findings indicate that a student’s performing well does not necessarily mean that she or he can generate many different alternatives (fluency) or original ideas (originality) nor that the student possesses general spatial abilities. The findings show the complexity of architectural design components and reveal beginning design students’ architectural abilities.
ORCHILEAK: A new model branch to simulate carbon transfers alongthe terrestrial-aquatic continuum of the Amazon basin

Lateral transfer of carbon (C) from terrestrial ecosystems into the inland water network is an important component of the global C cycle, which sustains a large aquatic CO 2 evasion flux fueled by the decomposition of allochthonous C inputs. Globally, estimates of the total C exports through the terrestrial-aquatic interface range from 1.5 to 2.7 Pg C yr −1 (Cole et al., 2007; Battin et al., 2009; Tranvik et al., 2009), i.e. in the order of 2–5% of the terrestrial NPP. Earth System Models (ESM) of the climate system ignore these lateral transfers of C, and thus likely overestimate the terrestrial C sink. In this study, we present the implementation of fluvial transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO 2 into ORCHIDEE, the land surface scheme of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace ESM. This new model branch, called ORCHILEAK, represents DOC production from canopy and soils, DOC and CO2 leaching from soils to streams, DOC decomposition and CO 2 evasion to the atmosphere during its lateral transport in rivers, as well as exchange with the soil carbon and litter stocks on floodplains and in swamps. We parameterized and validated ORCHILEAK for the Amazon basin, the world's largest river system with regard to discharge and one of the most productive ecosystems of the world. With ORCHILEAK, we are able to reproduce observed terrestrial and aquatic fluxes of DOC and CO 2 in the Amazon basin, both in terms of mean values and seasonality. In addition, we are able to resolve the spatio-temporal variability in C fluxes along the canopy-soil-aquatic continuum at high resolution (1°, daily) and to quantify the different terrestrial contributions to the aquatic C fluxes. We simulate that more than 2/3 of the Amazon's fluvial DOC export is contributed by the decomposition of submerged litter. Throughfall DOC fluxes from canopy to ground are about as high as the total DOC inputs to inland waters. The latter, however, are mainly sustained by litter decomposition. Decomposition of DOC and submerged plant litter contributes slightly more than half of the CO 2 evasion from the water surface, while the remainder is contributed by soil respiration. Total CO 2 evasion from the water surface equals about 5 % of the terrestrial NPP. Our results highlight that ORCHILEAK is well suited to simulate carbon transfers along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum of tropical forests. It also opens the perspective that provided parameterization, calibration and validation is performed for other biomes, the new model branch could improve the quantification of the global terrestrial C sink and help better constrain carbon cycle-climate feedbacks in future projections.
Interlocking Compressed Earth Block Walls : In-plane Structural Response of Flexure-dominated Walls

Interlocking Compressed Earth Blocks (ICEBs) are a form of dry stack masonry units, which can be manufactured by inexperienced labourers using predominantly low cost materials. This paper presents results from a testing program investigating flexure-dominated ICEB walls. Four 1.8-m high ICEB walls were constructed and tested under in-plane cyclic loading. The specimens were varied to identify the effects of heightto-width aspect ratio, presence of a flange at one end of the wall, and presence of an opening in the wall on performance of the system. Testing results show that flexure-dominated ICEB walls can exhibit stable hysteretic behaviour until a ductile failure occurs. Furthermore, the strength of the wall can be enhanced due to the presence of a flange at one end and will be reduced due to the presence of an opening. Ordinary plastic analysis procedure is shown to provide reasonable predictions for in-plane resistance of flexure-dominated ICEB walls.
A Factor Analysis of Consumer Expectations for Autonomous Cars

ABSTRACT This study explores consumers’ expectations for autonomous cars in Korea, which will soon be available. We applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to derive consumer expectations using responses from 1,506 potential autonomous car consumers. Then, we carried out a structural equation analysis to identify relationships among expectations, attitude, and behavioral intention. Seven consumer expectations were identified; of these, convenience, safety, ethics, licensing, and monetary cost were found to have a direct effect on attitude, whereas convenience, safety, and monetary cost were found to have a direct effect on intention. In addition, we demonstrate that attitude has a significant effect on intention. Autonomous cars are driving innovation in the automotive industry, transportation systems, and consumer experience. By analyzing the main factors that affect consumers’ purchasing intentions prior to the release of autonomous cars, this study provides guidance for fields preparing for the launch of autonomous cars.
Students ’ perceptions of clickers for enhancing student engagement and academic achievement

The objective of this research is to summarize students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of personal response systems or, more commonly, simply clickers for enhancing their level of engagement and academic achievement. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from undergraduate university students regarding their perceptions of clickers in an introductory geography classroom. Results suggest a strong link between student engagement and academic achievement, but both engagement and achievement appear invariant to students’ perceptions of clickers. Students expressed strong positive attitudes toward the use of clickers, especially their ability to improve the quality of learning experiences and to promote more engaging learning environments.
Examining Teachers ’ Perceptions of Twice Exceptional Students : Overview of a Qualitative Exploration

Counseling Association by Dr. Garry R. Walz and Dr. Jeanne C. Bleuer of Counseling Outfitters, LLC. Its purpose is to provide a means of capturing the ideas, information and experiences generated by the annual ACA Conference and selected ACA Division Conferences. Papers on a program or practice that has been validated through research or experience may also be submitted. This digital collection of peer-reviewed articles is authored by counselors, for counselors. VISTAS Online contains the full text of over 500 proprietary counseling articles published from 2004 to present.
Seroprevalence of Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis in North West India

Hepatitis A and E are both enterically transmitted viral infections causing sporadic and epidemic forms of acute hepatitis when food and water has been contaminated by sewage [1, 2]. Hepatitis A and E are also endemic in many tropical countries, including India, where conditions of hygiene and sanitation are poor [3]. Both these viruses do not cause chronic hepatitis [2]. Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is selflimiting and exposure to the virus ensures immunity to re-infection. It has an incubation period of 2-3 weeks; occurs asymptomatically in some and mostly affects young children. The prevalence of HAV infection is however changing with improved sanitary conditions, and has shifted more to adults. HAV has been reported to be a more frequent cause of hepatitis in adults than in children in most developed countries. In general, Hepatitis E (HEV) resembles HAV in having similar routes of transmission and clinical picture. However, HEV has longer incubation period and affects older children and adults [3]. HEV is unique among hepatitis viruses in causing fulminant hepatitis and has a high mortality during pregnancy. Outcome of pregnancy complicated with HEV infection may be abortion, prematurity, still births and death after delivery [4-6]. The availability of various specific, more sensitive and practical assays for detection of antiHAV antibody and anti-HEV antibodies have allowed investigators to evaluate the epidemiology of enterically transmitted hepatitis in outbreaks and sporadic cases. Since very few studies have been documented regarding enterically transmitted hepatitis from our region, the present study was undertaken to detect seroprevalence of enterically transmitted hepatitis.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF UNSTEADY HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS ON A VERTICAL CYLINDER IN WAVES AND SHEARED CURRENTS

The co-existence of waves and currents is practically important because of the interaction between these flow components. In existing design methods the current profile is usually assumed to be uniform with depth. The case of regular waves propagating over a uniform current was investigated by Fenton (1985) using a fifth-order Stokes theory, and the combined water kinematics can be treated simply as a Doppler shifted solution. The uniform current approximation may apply in large-scale ocean currents and deep tidal flows, but it fails to model wind-driven currents that exhibit some degree of shear in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the current profile may be represented by either a linear shear flow with constant vorticity (Tsao, 1959; Dalrymple, 1973) or an arbitrarily depth-varying current with depth-varying vorticity distribution (Swan and James, 2001; Nwogu, 2009). Comparisons between the results with a uniform current approximation and a depth-varying current indicate that the vorticity distribution is of importance and would reduce the effect of the Doppler shift (Swan and James, 2001).
Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Tumors Diagnosis : Role of CT-Urography

Objective: The purpose of this study was to point out CT Urography (CTU) potentials and limitations for the diagnosis of Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma (UUT-TCC) and to suggest how and when to use invasive second-line investigations. Materials and Methods: 66 patients with a suspected UUT-TCC were examined with CTU; 52/66 patients underwent also Retrograde Pielography (RP). Reference standards were histopathology and the 24-month clinical and imaging follow-up. Moreover the T stage of 15 tumors, treated by surgery, was assessed. Results: 21/66 patients had a final diagnosis of UUT-TCC; CTU showed a sensitivity of 90.5%, a specificity of 84.4%, a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 73.1% and a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 95%. The overall accuracy of CTU in evaluation of T parameter was 80%. In the subgroup of 52 patients, CTU and RP showed both a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity respectively of 84.4% and 82.2%, a PPV of 46.2% and 42.8%, a NPV of 97.4% and 97.3%. In 7 cases, false positive both at CTU and RP, biopsy allowed a definitive diagnosis of tumor absence. Moreover in 1 case, false negative both at CTU and RP with positive urinary cytology, endoscopy and biopsy showed a small superficial tumor. Conclusion: CTU, complemented by urinary cytology and cystoscopy, is the technique of choice for UUT-TCC diagnosis and staging. In cases of positive CT findings, RP-guided biopsy is advisable to complete the diagnostic work-up; nevertheless, if CTU is negative and cytology is positive, endoscopy is indicated.
Effect of Different Feeding Frequency on the Growth and Survival of African Catfish ( Clarias Gariepinus ) Fingerlings

An experiment was conducted to African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (1.623 ± 0.013 g) fed one of four feeding frequencies; once/day (1D), twice/day (2D), once every other day ( 1EOD) and twice every other day (2EOD) for 4 weeks. One hundred and twenty fishes were hand counted and stocked into each of twelve 25 L round plastic troughs with three replicates/feeding regime under laboratory conditions. The fishes were fed ad libitum with commercial diet (38% protein, 5% lipid, 15% ash and 12% moisture). Significantly (P< 0.05) best percentage weight gain (371.57 ±26.77) and specific growth rate (5.535± 0.201) was observed in fish fed with twice/day groups compared to fish fed all other feeding frequencies. The lower feed conversion ratio (1.027 ± 0.261) was observed in fish fed with once every other day groups whereas no significant differences were noticed among the other feeding groups. Highest survival rate (96.67%±5.77) was recorded in fish fed once/day followed by (86.67±5.77%) twice/day fed groups. However, significantly no difference in survival rate was noticed among the feeding regimes. The body composition of African catfish fingerlings is also influenced by the different frequency of feeding. Based on the growth performance, cost the study suggests that twice/day feeding regimen is the best to obtain the highest growth rate in the African catfish fingerlings.
TRUSTED NETWORK-BRIDGING TIES : A DYADIC APPROACH TO THE BROKERAGE-CLOSURE DILEMMA

We propose and test a novel solution to the brokerage-closure dilemma that combines the network and dyadic (relationship) levels of analysis. Specifically, we argue that tie strength can act as a substitute for the benefits of network closure, and so a network-bridging tie will yield more useful knowledge when it is also a strong tie. We further disentangle the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of tie strength by formulating three hypotheses on interaction frequency, emotional closeness, and relational trust. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) on a sample of 408 knowledge-seeking relationships in a large U.S. engineering firm, we find that relational trust has the largest positive impact, whereas emotional closeness has a much more limited impact and interaction frequency actually seems to inhibit the value of a bridging tie. Finally, we find that many bridging ties are trusted, thereby allowing knowledge seekers to “unlock” the value embedded in these ties.
Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control Using Distributed Hash-based Elections

In this paper we introduce the Energy-Efficient Multiple Access (EE-MA) protocol for wireless networks where nodes participate in a distributed election to gain interference-free access to the wireless channel. By taking advantage of the information used in the distributed elections, nodes can infer if they are not the intended receiver of a transmission and set their radios in sleeping state to save energy. To save even more energy and avoid false positives derived from the nature of the protocol, EE-MA also implements a sleeping scheme where nodes switch to the sleeping state if no message is received during the beginning of a time-slot. We show that the individual channel access plans computed by the proposed distributed algorithm are collision-free at the intended receivers and that intended receivers are always in receiving state. We also present a simulation-based performance analysis that shows that EE-MA outperforms a state of the art election-based channel access protocol in terms of energy efficiency with no cost in terms of network capacity.