Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Screening in Pediatric Victims of Sexual Abuse

Objective. To evaluate for the presence of subclinical human papillomavirus (HPV) in cases of suspected sexual abuse in children. Design. Prospective data collection via interviews, physical examination, colposcopic examination, and tissue sampling by a surface swab technique. Setting. A total of 40 pediatric patients ranging in age from 1 to 16 years who were referred to the Special Assessment and Management Clinic at Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, for probable or confirmed sexual abuse. Interventions. In addition to colposcopic examination for physical signs of abuse, the patients were screened for evidence of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, andChlamydia. At that time, surveillance sampling of the throat, vaginal introitus, and/or rectum by a simple, rapid surface swab technique was performed to detect the presence of HPV. Measurements. Template DNA was extracted from cotton swabs and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results. Human β-globin sequences were detected in 58 (83%) of 70 specimens obtained from 40 patients, indicating successful processing had occurred. Using a consensus L1 primer-probe set capable of detecting multiple HPV genotypes, 2 (3%) of 58 samples from 2 (5%) of 40 patients were positive for HPV 16. None of the other 56 specimens yielded evidence of HPV. Appropriate positive and negative controls were included in each assay. Conclusions. Our results suggest that subclinical HPV infection is possible, but not commonly associated with sexual abuse in children from St Louis, MO. In this group of children without condyloma, HPV 16 was the only type identified.
Relatedness proportion effects in semantic categorization: reconsidering the automatic spreading activation process.

Semantic priming effects at a short prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony are commonly explained in terms of an automatic spreading activation process. According to this view, the proportion of related trials should have no impact on the size of the semantic priming effect. Using a semantic categorization task ("Is this a living thing? "), we show that on the contrary, there is a robust effect of relatedness proportion on the size of the semantic priming effect. This effect is not due to the participants using the prime to predict the target category/response, as manipulating the proportion of category/response-congruent trials produces a very different pattern. Taken together with response time distribution analysis, we argue that the semantic priming effect observed here is best explained in terms of an evidence accumulation process and source confusion between the prime and target.
Merging PK/PD information in a minimally parameterized model of the NeuroMuscular Blockade

A recursive system identification algorithm that merges PK/PD information in a minimally parameterized Wiener model for the NMB level is presented. The results show that the coupling between one parameter from the linear block and one from the static nonlinearity is advantageous, when evaluated on a database of 60 real collected NMB cases.
Prospective isolation of NKX2-1–expressing human lung progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells

It has been postulated that during human fetal development, all cells of the lung epithelium derive from embryonic, endodermal, NK2 homeobox 1–expressing (NKX2-1+) precursor cells. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested owing to an inability to purify or track these progenitors for detailed characterization. Here we have engineered and developmentally differentiated NKX2-1GFP reporter pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro to generate and isolate human primordial lung progenitors that express NKX2-1 but are initially devoid of differentiated lung lineage markers. After sorting to purity, these primordial lung progenitors exhibited lung epithelial maturation. In the absence of mesenchymal coculture support, this NKX2-1+ population was able to generate epithelial-only spheroids in defined 3D cultures. Alternatively, when recombined with fetal mouse lung mesenchyme, the cells recapitulated epithelial-mesenchymal developing lung interactions. We imaged these progenitors in real time and performed time-series global transcriptomic profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing as they moved through the earliest moments of lung lineage specification. The profiles indicated that evolutionarily conserved, stage-dependent gene signatures of early lung development are expressed in primordial human lung progenitors and revealed a CD47hiCD26lo cell surface phenotype that allows their prospective isolation from untargeted, patient-specific PSCs for further in vitro differentiation and future applications in regenerative medicine.
Central olfactory connections in the macaque monkey

The connections between the olfactory bulb, primary olfactory cortex, and olfactory related areas of the orbital cortex were defined in macaque monkeys with a combination of anterograde and retrograde axonal tracers and electrophysiological recording. Anterograde tracers placed into the olfactory bulb labeled axons in eight primary olfactory cortical areas: the anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, ventral tenia tecta, olfactory tubercle, anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala, periamygdaloid cortex, and olfactory division of the entorhinal cortex. The bulbar axons terminate in the outer part of layer I throughout these areas and are most dense in areas that are close to the lateral olfactory tract. Labeled axons also were found in the superficial part of nucleus of the horizontal diagonal band. Retrograde tracers injected into the olfactory bulb labeled cells in the nucleus of the diagonal band and in all of the primary olfactory cortical areas except the olfactory tubercle. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb evoked short‐latency unit responses and a characteristic field wave in the primary olfactory cortex. Multiunit activity in layer II tended to be of shorter latency than that in layer III and the endopiriform nucleus.
Risk Factors for Non‐ischaemic Foot Ulceration in Diabetic Nephropathy

It is recognized that diabetic patients with nephropathy frequently have macrovascular disease leaving them at risk of ischaemic foot lesions. In order to assess non‐vascular risk factors for foot ulceration 64 patients were stratified into four groups: microalbuminuria, albuminuria with creatinine clearance > 40 ml min−1, chronic renal failure (clearance < 40 ml min−1), and a non‐nephropathic diabetic control group. Vibration perception threshold was measured by biothesiometry, peroneal nerve conduction velocity by conventional methods, and dynamic foot pressure by pedobarography. Vibration perception threshold was elevated in all three groups when compared with age‐matched normal and diabetic control groups. Mean vibration perception threshold was 20.8 ± 8.6 (±SD) in the microalbuminuria group (p < 0.001 compared with age‐matched normal control group), 28.1 ± 5.6 (p < 0.001) in the albuminuria group, 38.9 ± 9.4 (p < 0.001) in the renal failure group, 14.8 ± 5.2 in the diabetic control group and 12.3 ± 2.9 in the normal control group. Peroneal motor conduction velocity was reduced in all three groups when compared with normal control subjects, microalbuminuria 38.6 ± 4.2 m s−1 (p < 0.001), albuminuria 38.0 ± 6.1 m s−1 (p < 0.01), renal failure 35.5 ± 1.2 m s−1 (p < 0.001), diabetic control 40.6 ± 1.8 m s−1, and normal 43.1 ± 2.3 m s−1. Mean peak plantar foot pressure was elevated in all three groups when compared with age‐matched normal anddiabetic control groups (p < 0.01), microalbu‐minuria 12.2 ± 3.1 kg cm−2, albuminuria 14.1 ± 2.6 kg cm−2, renal failure 15.2 ± 4.3 kg cm−2, diabetic control 11.4 ± 4.1 kg cm−2, and normal 8.2 ± 2.7 kg cm−2. A previous history of foot ulceration was recorded in 5 % of the diabetic control group, 10 % of patients with microalbuminuria and albuminuria, and 40 % with renal failure. We conclude that patients at all stages of diabetic nephropathy are at increased risk of non‐vascular foot ulceration.
[Changes in leisure activity among young people aged 15-18 years in Hungary: physical activity, media-consumption and smoking].

INTRODUCTION Young people are more and more inactive, which has numerous well-known negative effects on their health. Several studies indicate that inactive lifestyle disposes people to sit in front of the television, which increases aggression and decreases the willingness of reading. There is also a strong link between inactivity and an increase of body mass, deterioration of anthropometric parameters, and deviant behaviour. AIMS The aim of the study was to find out, on the basis of two cross-sectional surveys, the changes occurred within eight years in the free-time activity of Hungarian young people aged between 15 and 19 years. METHODS Data obtained from two surveys conducted by the National Institute for Family and Social Policy, Hungary in 2000 and 2008 including 1780 and 2018 young people, respectively, were analysed and compared. RESULTS The number of young people regularly involved in sport activity increased significantly, while their media-consumption failed to decrease. Physically active young people are more health-conscious, but regular sporting activity did not expel smoking, which was associated with a sedentary lifestyle and television watching. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal new responses of a new generation; watching television still takes the largest part of their free time activity, but use of computers, and participation in social activities are not necessarily increase sedentary lifestyle and deviant habits. Internet has positive effects on the regularity of their physical activity.
Predicting metabolic control in the first 5 yr after diagnosis for youths with type 1 diabetes: the role of ethnicity and family structure

Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in trajectories of metabolic control between African American and White youth with type 1 diabetes in the first 5 yr after diagnosis. A secondary purpose was to investigate other sociodemographic variables that often covary with race/ethnicity such as number of parents in the home and family income to determine if they predicted trajectories of metabolic control in youth with diabetes over and above the effects of ethnicity. A convenience sample of 71 youth was recruited. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the population trajectory and to investigate the contribution of other variables. Differences in metabolic control between African American and White youth began shortly after diagnosis and continued to accelerate well beyond the point of diagnosis. However, subsequent analysis showed that deterioration in metabolic control could equally well be explained by living in a single‐parent household. At 24 months postdiagnosis, the metabolic control in youth from single‐parent families worsened almost three times as fast as that in youth from two‐parent families (0.11 vs. 0.04%/month). The difference in hemoglobin A1c level at 24 months was 1.34% (p = .007). Neither family income nor clinical variables such as child’s age, Tanner stage, or body mass index was significant predictor of metabolic control. Diabetes care providers should consider developing targeted interventions such as parent social support resources or school‐based youth monitoring programs for youth in single‐parent families.
Genetic analysis of families with autoimmune diabetes and thyroiditis: evidence for common and unique genes.

CONTEXT Epidemiological data suggest a common genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify the joint susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD. DESIGN We conducted a family-based linkage and association study. SETTING The study took place at an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 55 multiplex families (290 individuals) in which T1D and AITD clustered (T1D-AITD families). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We conducted tests for linkage and family-based associations (transmission disequilibrium test) with four candidate genes: human leukocyte antigen (HLA), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), insulin variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), and thyroglobulin. RESULTS Linkage evidence to HLA appeared when subjects with either T1D or AITD were considered affected [maximum LOD score (MLS), 2.2]. The major HLA haplotype contributing to the shared susceptibility was DR3-DQB1*0201, with DR3 conferring most of the shared risk. The CTLA-4 gene showed evidence for linkage only when individuals with both T1D and AITD were considered affected (MLS, 1.7), and the insulin VNTR showed evidence for linkage when individuals with either T1D or AITD were considered affected (MLS, 1.9); i.e. it may contribute to the familial aggregation of T1D and AITD. CONCLUSIONS The HLA class II locus contributes to the shared risk for T1D and AITD, and the major HLA haplotype contributing to this association is DR3-DQB1*0201. Additional non-HLA loci contribute to the joint susceptibility to T1D and AITD, and two potential candidates include the CTLA-4 and insulin VNTR loci.
Tissue Distribution and Persistence in Mice of Plasmid DNA Encapsulated in a PLGA-Based Microsphere Delivery Vehicle

Abstract Information regarding the distribution and persistence of DNA encapsulated in poly(lactide co-glycolide) microspheres was collected to provide additional information regarding the safety of DNA vaccines and to support the clinical testing of this new delivery system for DNA. Plasmid DNA was encapsulated in poly(lactide co-glycolide) microspheres and the distribution and persistence of plasmid in murine tissues resulting from parenteral administration were examined by a sensitive PCR assay. Encapsulated DNA delivered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection can be detected for 100 days post-injection and is distributed primarily at the site of injection and the lymphoid organs. Intravenous administration results in more widespread dissemination with long term persistence limited to the lymphoid organs and those of the reticuloendothelial system. Specific cellular uptake of DNA by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) following injection suggests the utility of microspheres as DNA delivery agents. Distribution and persistence studies support the safety of encapsulated DNA and the specific cellular uptake of DNA by professional APCs following injection suggests the utility of microspheres as DNA delivery agents.
Modulatory effects of somatosensory electrical stimulation on neural activity of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of hamsters

The effects of somatosensory electrical stimulation on the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) activity of control and tone‐exposed hamsters were investigated. One to three weeks after sound exposure and control treatment, multiunit activity was recorded at the surface of the left DCN before, during, and after electrical stimulation of the basal part of the left pinna. The results demonstrated that sound exposure induced hyperactivity in the DCN. In response to electrical stimulation, neural activity in the DCN of both control and exposed animals manifested four response types: S‐S, suppression occurring during and after stimulation; E‐S, excitation occurring during stimulation and suppression after; S‐E, suppression occurring during stimulation and excitation after; and E‐E, excitation occurring during and after stimulation. The results showed that there was a higher incidence of suppressive (up to 70%) than of excitatory responses during and after stimulation in both groups. In addition, there was a significantly higher degree of suppression after, rather than during stimulation. At high levels of electrical current, the degree of the induced suppression was generally higher during and after stimulation in exposed animals than in controls. The similarity of our results to those of previous clinical studies further supports the view that DCN hyperactivity is a direct neural correlate of tinnitus and that somatosensory electrical stimulation can be used to modulate DCN hyperactivity. Optimization of stimulation strategy through activating only certain neural pathways and applying appropriate stimulation parameters may allow somatosensory electrical stimulation to be used as an effective tool for tinnitus suppression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of hepatic nitrogen metabolism in ruminants

As befits its anatomical position between the sites of nutrient absorption and deposition the liver provides the metabolic hub of the body. Although the present review is confined to the regulation of N substrates it must not be forgotten that both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are important and interactive components of hepatic function. Furthermore, hepatic production of insulin-like-growth-factor (1GF)1 and partial removal of glucagon and insulin play an important part in regulation of peripheral endocrine balance. These hormonal events are linked to peripheral appearance of two of the major N products of digestion and absorption, NH3 and amino acids (AA), which are both under the control of hepatic metabolism. Thus, in order to provide the required homeostatic and homeorhetic control, complex mechanisms must operate in vivo but, to date, much of our understanding of these involves use of isolated primary hepatocytes and perfused livers derived from nonruminant sources. The commercial species, pigs, cattle and sheep, offer the unique opportunity to establish chronic arterio-venous preparations across the splanchnic tissues and these have provided the basis for the majority of longitudinal studies in vivo. Nonetheless, the data mass is still small and it is currently necessary to assume that acute findings, both in vivo and in vitro, from laboratory animals can be extrapolated to ruminants. Despite an outward homogeneous appearance the structure of the liver is both complex and ordered. For example, hepatocytes have a polar nature between their sinusoidal and canicular surfaces and this important feature of metabolic regulation is lost when isolated hepatocytes are prepared. Furthermore, there is localization of different subpopulations of hepatocytes, with the dominant (>0.9 in the rat) periportal species being specialized for ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis, glutaminolysis and synthesis of plasma albumin (Haussinger et al. 1992a), as well as exhibiting greater activity of the enzymes of AA catabolism (see Haussinger, 1990). In contrast, the minority perivenous cells, which are restricted to a few cell layers around the efferent hepatic vein, can synthesize glutamine and extract aspartate and glutamate from blood (Stoll et al. 1991). This spatial organization provides a hierarchy for the fates of metabolites and is an important feature for the roles that the liver has to accomplish. The present short review will focus on two of those roles, detoxification of NH3 and the hepatic partition of absorbed AA between catabolism and protein anabolic fates within the liver, as well as the ensuing consequences for the availability of AA sources to the peripheral tissues.
Variations in behaviour ratings of children who have been in care.

Summary Data from the National Child Development Study showed that the school behaviour of children in the cohort who had been in care by the age of 11 was poorer than that of children never in rare. Children received into care after the age of seven already had poor school behaviour ratings at seven. The behaviour of children in care deteriorated between the ages of seven and 11 relative to those never in care. Children in care were found to have higher scores of “outgoing” behaviour. Analyses of home behaviour ratings were inconclusive Implications for practice are indicated.
The eye of the red-eared slider turtle: morphologic observations and reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests.

PURPOSE To perform a descriptive investigation of the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) eye, performing selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests with the aim of establishing normal reference values for this species. METHOD Thirty adult healthy red-eared slider turtles were used to establish normal ophthalmic test values in this investigation. Selected ophthalmic tests included: collection of material for bacterial culture analysis, esthesiometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), A- and B-mode ultrasonic biometry, fundus photography, and central corneal thickness (CCT). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Normal parameters found for the ocular diagnostic tests were: esthesiometry: 5.84 ± 0.48 cm; IOP: 5.42 ± 1.70 mmHg; CCT: 154.5 ± 0.14 μm; palpebral fissure length: 9.71 ± 0.55 mm; modified Schirmer tear test: 2.55 ± 3.4 mm; globe axial length: 7.60 ± 0.23 mm; anterior chamber depth: 0.76 ± 0.23 mm; lens axial length: 2.45 ± 0.28 mm; vitreous chamber depth: 4.31 ± 0.42 mm. An avascular retinal pattern with nerve fibers radiating from the small white circular optic disk was observed. None of the animals had a conus papillaris. The most frequent bacteria found were Bacillus spp. (33.33%) followed by Proteus vulgaris (20.69%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.39%). No significant differences between left and right eyes or genders were found for any of the results. Reference data and morphologic observations obtained in this investigation might help veterinary ophthalmologists to diagnose ocular diseases in the red-eared slider turtle.
Severity of Child Sexual Abuse and Revictimization: The Mediating Role of Coping and Trauma Symptoms

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has consistently been associated with the use of avoidant coping; these coping methods have been associated with increased trauma symptoms, which have, in turn, been linked to increased risk for adult sexual revictimization. Given these previous findings, the purpose of the current study was to test a model that conceptualized the relationships among these variables. Specifically, CSA severity was conceptualized as leading to the use of avoidant coping, which was proposed to lead to maintenance of trauma symptoms, which would, in turn, impact severity of revictimization indirectly. This comprehensive model was tested in a cross-sectional study of a large, geographically diverse sample of college women. Participants were 99 female undergraduates classified as having experienced CSA who completed measures of abuse history, coping style, current levels of trauma symptoms, and adult sexual revictimization. Multivariate path analysis indicated that the data fit the hypothesized model for verbally coercive, but not physically aggressive, revictimization. Specifically, increased CSA severity was associated with the use of avoidant coping, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of trauma symptomatology and severity of sexual coercion in adulthood. Although cross-sectional in nature, findings from this study suggest that coping strategies and trauma symptoms may represent modifiable factors that place women at increased risk for verbally coercive sexual revictimization.