Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shifting Geographies

This article explores the relationship between Black shifts to the suburbs and metropolitan segregation using the decompositional properties of the entropy index. This method reveals that much of the decline in metropolitan segregation of Blacks from others is because of declining central city segregation; suburban segregation has much lower average declines. Furthermore, a growing proportion of Black/other segregation is explained by residential distributions within the suburbs. Uneven distributions of Blacks across city lines account for nearly a third of Black/other segregation in the Midwest and Northeast in 2000. In the West, within-suburban sorting is by far the most important component of metropolitan segregation of Blacks from others, while in the South, within-city sorting and within-suburb sorting are relatively equal in importance.
Teachers' Attitudes and Their Effect on Placement Recommendations for Students with Cognitive Disabilities

The implementation of Public Law 94-142 in 1974 guaranteed that students with disabilities had the right to be educated alongside their peers in the least restrictive environment. However, decades later, administrators, teachers, and parents continue to struggle to resolve the issue on how to include students with disabilities in general education classrooms, as well as how to recognize why students with cognitive disabilities were embodied more in self-contained classrooms than in comprehensive environments. In this study, I aimed to understand how special education teachers’ attitudes about inclusion, LRE, and students with cognitive disabilities influence placement recommendations. Through the qualitative thematic analysis performed on the interviews with the six participants, the researcher found that teachers still have a passionate attitude towards students with cognitive abilities. It was also established that teachers employ their knowledge about the condition and progress about the student as the main determinant when making placements. Finally, teachers also employ knowledge about the condition as guide to the next actions to take. With the findings, it can be inferred that teachers try their best to provide a fair process when making recommendations. Schools can then utilize this current study to determine the needs of the teachers. The responses of the participants in the study indicated the aspects that worked and did not work for the teachers when dealing with students with cognitive disabilities; therefore, schools can take the reflections of the teachers in improving their system with the records of the students to make the process easier and reasonable.
Measuring tourist activities in cities using geotagged photography

Established methods to record tourist activities in urban centres cannot produce quantitative data with precise spatial references. Analysing geographically positioned photography retrieved from image hosting web services combines the accuracy levels of GPS tracking and the quantitative advantages of the large accessible data-sets of internet communities. In this paper the correlation of data-sets obtained from Flickr.com with statistical data, morphological constrains and the attributes of attractions are tested. Correlation between registered bed nights and geotagged tourist photography numbers was calculated analysing 16 European cities. Three tourist-historic cities with similar tourist markets were compared more deeply. The spatial patterns of tourist activity in Vienna, Prague and Budapest showed many similarities and some relevant differences rooted in the morphological constraints and the different level of local and tourist activities at specific sites.
Treatment-Resistance to Clozapine in Association With Ultrarapid CYP1A2 Activity and the C → A Polymorphism in Intron 1 of the CYP1A2 Gene: Effect of Grapefruit Juice and Low-Dose Fluvoxamine

Antipsychotic response to clozapine varies markedly among patients with schizophrenia. The disposition of clozapine is dependent, in part, on the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2 enzyme in vivo. In theory, a very high CYP1A2 activity may lead to subtherapeutic concentrations and treatment resistance to clozapine. This prospective case study evaluates the clinical significance of ultrarapid CYP1A2 activity and a recently discovered single nucleotide (C → A) polymorphism in intron 1 of the CYP1A2 gene (CYP1A2*F) for treatment resistance to clozapine. In addition, we describe the effect of grapefruit juice or low-dose fluvoxamine (25–50 mg/d) coadministration on clozapine and active metabolite norclozapine steady-state plasma concentration and antipsychotic response.
Art and the Immemorial

This article explores the relationship between art, politics, and memory. It works with Arendt's conception of works of art as preserving the public realm as spaces of appearance. Following Lyotard, it also argues that such an interpretation of works of art is too redemptive and pardons politics for forgetting the exclusions implicit in its representative models. The article proceeds to articulate the public realm as spaces of anamnesis whereby politics is opened to exteriority or what Lyotard has referred to as the Law. As an example of a space of anamnesis the article examines one specific artwork, namely Rachel Whiteread's Untitled Monument, which briefly occupied Trafalgar Square's fourth plinth. The argument concerns Whiteread's own interest in the theme of memory and how her sculpture interrupts the aestheticized politics of the spectacle and intimates a path for a politicized art that opens the subject to the immemorial.
Foreign direct investment and export growth in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to examine the link between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria from 1970 to 2008. The stationary properties of the data and the order of integration of the data were tested using the augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) and the Philip – Perron (PP) tests. The cointegration results showed at least one cointegrating equation in the export function. The Granger – causality results suggest unidirectional causality running from (i) foreign direct investment to export; (ii) real exchange rate to export; (iii) trade balance to export and bidirectional causality from external market indicator to export. The study suggests that more policies should be channeled towards improving export oriented foreign direct investment and at the same time, efforts should be geared towards improving basic infrastructure which will not only lower production costs but improve upon the competitiveness of the economy which will invariably attract more foreign direct investment into the economy. Key words: Foreign direct investment, exports, causality cointegration, error correction, augmented Dickey fuller.
Resources at Marriage and Intrahousehold Allocation: Evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and South Africa*

We test the unitary versus collective model of the household using specially designed data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and South Africa. Human capital and individual assets at the time of marriage are used as proxy measures for bargaining power. In all four countries, we reject the unitary model as a description of household behaviour, but fail to reject the hypothesis that households are Pareto-efficient. In Bangladesh and South Africa, women's assets increase expenditure shares on education, while in Ethiopia it is men's assets that have this effect. These increases have different implications for boys and girls across countries, however. Copyright 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Leadership and followership within VET: some Australian and international perspectives

Many within vocational education and training (VET) find themselves in both leading and following roles but research into Australian VET leadership is still in an emerging stage and as yet there appears to have been no discussion of followership in this important educational sector. Furthermore, vocational education now requires individuals to lead within an increasingly global context (Carter & Morgan 2002; Coates et al. 2010) so whilst this study is primarily aimed at Australian VET practitioners, policy makers and researchers, it could also be useful to the international community involved in vocational education. This qualitative study employed a constructivist grounded theory methodology and semi- structured interviewing as a means to address the overall research objective: To generate a substantive leadership/followership theory for VET. The study also employed a new construct of theoretical congruence which formalizes the constant comparison of the data during analysis to other, often quantitative, studies. Such an explicit comparison or ‘mixed analysis’ can help bridge the issues that divide quantitative/qualitative approaches, be used for theoretical development, aid trustworthiness, and facilitate transferability to other contexts. The literature review makes a contribution to knowledge by examining the quite different definitions of followership which does not appear to have been discussed in depth before. It also provides a second and updated literature review of followership by classifying the followership literature in three clusters: descriptive typologies of actual behaviours exhibited by followers; prescriptive typologies, the more idealised behaviours followers should have; and finally, situational factors of followership. The review also conducts what appears to be the first comparative review of leadership research between Australian VET, British further education (FE) and American community colleges to answer the research question: How does the Australian literature compare with its British and North American counterparts? The data and their interpretation generated reformational leadership as a substantive theory for VET. Reformational leadership is a fusion of transactional and transformational leadership (Burns 1978) which acknowledges that leadership/followership is shared and collectivised occurring at all levels within VET organizations. One of the aims of grounded theory is to uncover a core category and the data analysis in this study revealed uncertainty reduction as an underpinning motivation linking leaders and followers. Whilst no new motivational theory is offered, this study does provide some empirical evidence for Alderfer’s (1972) Existence: Relatedness: Growth theory which, like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, has not received much empirical verification. The study finally concludes with implications for leadership/followership training and recommends future VET research be focused on respect and managing uncertainty, two under researched areas in this key educational sector.
Financial and Capital Markets' Responses to Changes in the Central Bank's Target Interest Rate: The Case of Japan

We propose new proxy variables for monetary policy shocks in Japan for the period from July 1989 to March 2001 and investigate the effects of changes in the policy target variable on stock prices and the term structure of interest rates. We find that changes in the surprise component of the target variable significantly affect both intermediate-term and long-term interest rates. A surprise decrease in the target rate of 1% leads, on average, to a 3% increase in stock prices. The magnitudes of estimated reactions of financial variables are similar in Japan and the US.
Heterogeneous patience and the term structure of real interest rates

Heterogeneous time preference has a profound impact on the wealth distribution and therefore on equilibrium asset prices. I identify two distinct effects on interest rates: an averaging effect due to Jensen’s inequality and a general equilibrium consumption timing effect. The averaging effect decreases and the timing effect increases real interest rates, and both effects induce an inverse term structure. More fundamentally, the model shows that asset prices need to be interpreted with caution. Evidence apparently pointing to non-standard preferences may simply be the result of heterogeneity.
Number of Shareholders and Stock Prices: Evidence from Japan

Merton (1987) proposes that an increase in a firm's investor base increases the firm's value. In Japan, companies can reduce their stock's minimum trading unitthe number of shares in a "round lot"-which facilitates trading in the stock by small investors. We find that a reduction in the minimum trading unit greatly increases a firm's base of individual investors and its stock liquidity, and is associated with a significant increase in the stock price. Further, the stock price appreciation is positively related to an increase in the number of shareholders.
The empathising‐systemising theory of autism: implications for education

The education of children with autism spectrum conditions deserves a fresh look, for several reasons. First, it is unclear whether some approaches ‐ such as applied behavioural analysis (ABA) ‐ are simply shaping behaviour but not fundamentally leading to conceptual development. Second, educational methods which depend on external reinforcement or reward are ethically questionable so methods that are intrinsically rewarding would be preferable. Third, many educational approaches to autism have proceeded without a clear theoretical rationale. This article summarises a new two‐factor psychological theory of autism spectrum conditions, presents some examples of educational methods that are based on this theory, and that are intrinsically rewarding and argues that such methods may be more autism‐friendly.
Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Diabetic Coma: With Particular Reference to Vascular Complications

Two West Indian men with no previous history of diabetes mellitus developed hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. Intra-abdominal catastrophes secondary to mesenteric thrombosis played a major part in the death of these patients, in both of whom control of the hyperosmolar state had been achieved. Both patients had evidence of infarction of intestine at necropsy. Vascular thromboses are a major complication of this form of coma and must be considered when such patients develop signs of an acute abdomen.
Serodiagnosis of human and animal pythiosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Conventional serodiagnosis of Pythium insidiosum infections involves the use of the immunodiffusion (ID) test. This test specifically diagnoses human and animal pythiosis. The test, however, has limited sensitivity and does not detect some culturally proven cases of the disease. Because of the increased recognition of pythiosis among humans and animals, we developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a soluble antigen from broken hyphae of P. insidiosum. Studies were carried out with sera from five humans and eight animals with culturally and/or histologically proven pythiosis. Some of these sera were negative in the ID test for pythiosis. Heterologous case sera from thirteen humans and two horses, plus 5 sera from healthy humans and 17 from healthy animals, were tested. Of the pythiosis case sera tested, the ID test detected only 8 of 13 (61.5%), whereas the ELISA detected all of them (100%). The ID and ELISA tests were entirely specific and gave negative results or low titers respectively, with sera from humans and animals with heterologous fungal infections or with no apparent illness. No correlation was found between the height of the ELISA titers and negative or positive sera in the ID test. Our results indicate that the ELISA is a reliable serodiagnostic test for pythiosis. It is as specific as the ID test but more sensitive.
GABA‐mediated inhibition of medullary vasomotor neurones by area postrema stimulation in rats.

1. The cardiovascular responses, together with the effects on medullary sympathoexcitatory (vasomotor) neurones of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, of area postrema stimulation have been studied in vivo. 2. Electrical (10 Hz) or chemical stimulation using microinjections of L‐glutamate of the area postrema produced a vasodepressor response and an inhibition of the medullary sympathoexcitatory neurones in the nucleus reticularis rostroventrolateralis (RVL), while similar stimulation in the adjacent nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) caused increases in arterial pressure. 3. Single‐pulse stimulation of the area postrema revealed at least three influences on the activity of RVL vasomotor neurones, one being excitatory and two inhibitory. 4. The inhibitions evoked in the medullary vasomotor neurones on area postrema stimulation were blocked by ionophoretic application of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, without altering the excitatory input to the same neurones. Bilateral microinjections of bicuculline into the RVL in regions where the vasomotor neurones had been identified totally eliminated the vasodepression due to area postrema stimulation. 5. These data support a role for the area postrema in cardiovascular control. It is concluded that the area postrema exerts its action on cardiovascular control in part via GABAergic inhibition of the ‘vasomotor’ neurones in the nucleus reticularis rostroventrolateralis.
The emergence of stable racially and ethnically diverse urban communities: A case study of nine U.S. cities

Abstract We examine the characteristics of 14 stable racially and ethnically diverse urban communities in 9 U.S. cities and point to policies that could strengthen these communities and encourage the growth of more diverse neighborhoods in American cities. The cities examined are Chicago; Denver; Houston; Memphis, TN; Milwaukee; New York; Oakland, CA; Philadelphia; and Seattle. University researchers and community leaders in each city collaborated on the research for this project. We identify two types of stable diverse communities, “self‐conscious” and “laissez‐faire,” which have evolved for different reasons and with different characteristics. Stable diverse communities will not just happen, but they can be influenced by a number of policy recommendations stemming from our research. These include helping individuals and organizations take leadership roles in their communities, strengthening and enforcing fair housing and antidiscrimination laws, earmarking economic resources to encourage neighborhood di.
The anchor and adjustment heuristic in time‐series forecasting

This paper explores the relevance of the anchor and adjustment heuristic in judgmental time-series extrapolation. Using a database of real time series it examines the proposition that people anchor on the last history value of the series and make insufficient adjustments from it in making their forecast. In contrast to studies in behavioral decision making, analysis shows that the anchor and adjustment heuristic does not describe the behavior of time-series forecasters. Adjustments from the anchor are often excessive, not insufficient. A number of possible explanations for this exceptional finding are explored.
Was Weber right? The cultural capital root of socio-economic growth examined in five European countries

Purpose - – The existing theoretical and empirical research on cultural impact is rather inconsistent. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the reasons for this inconsistency by debating the adequate inclusion of the cultural factor in the growth model and the way to properly measure cultural capital (CC) for this purpose. Design/methodology/approach - – The paper starts with analyzing the limitations of growth theory (in particular Paul Romer ' - s endogenous growth model) when CC is not taken into consideration. The amelioration is suggested through involvement of the Weberian mechanism of cultural impact. The difference between Weber ' - s mechanism and using religion as a measurement proxy for cultural attitudes is enlightened. The improvement of Weber ' - s measurement of CC by elevating Pierre Bourdieu ' - s approach to CC from individual to aggregate regional level is suggested. Real data from five EU countries on NUTS II level is addressed for illustrating the above reasoning. Findings - – The evidence shows that the suggested by the paper measurement strategy for CC allows for treating culture indeed as a single factor both in theoretical and econometrical sense of the term factor, but without loss of information, which is otherwise inevitable if the author try to approximate culture with a single mono-dimensional variable such as religion. Originality/value - – Through discussion on Rome ' - s endogenous growth model and Weber ' - s cultural mechanisms of impact, the amelioration of growth theory by inclusion of CC is explained, operationalized and applied on a real data example.
Budgeting - The Role of Trust and Participation: A Research Note

Prior studies have found a combination of an evaluative style with high budget emphasis and high participation to be associated with better behavioural outcomes (e.g., lower job‐related tension) than all other combinations of budget emphasis and participation. Yet there has been little research to investigate the theory on why this particular combination of budget emphasis and participation is associated with better behavioural outcomes. A path analytical model, which investigates the intervening effects of trust and participation on the relationship between budget emphasis and job‐related tension, was used. Senior Norwegian managers were selected as subjects for this study. The results indicate that budget emphasis has an insignificant direct effect on job‐related tension but a strong indirect effect through trust and participation. Trust also has an intervening effect on the relationship between budgetary participation and job‐related tension. It is therefore possible to conclude that high budget emphasis is associated with high budgetary participation and high trust. High trust, in turn, is associated with reduced subordinates’ job‐related tension.
A decade of boom and bust in the prices of single-family homes: Boston and Los Angeles, 1983 to 1993

The 1980s and 1990s have been turbulent times in the U.S. market for single-family homes. For most of the previous two decades, housing prices across states and metropolitan areas moved together and increased slowly in real terms while regional differences generally remained small. The 1980s and 1990s, in contrast, have seen increased price volatility and sharp differences in price behavior across regions with substantial housing price booms in some regions and major price declines in others. ; These boom-bust cycles had serious consequences for regional economies and national mortgage markets, with the most dramatic cycles occurring in New England and in California. This article compares the boom-bust cycles in single-family home prices in the Boston metropolitan area and in Los Angeles County from 1983 to 1993. The authors analyze the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two areas, both on the way up and on the way down, focusing on speculative behavior on the part of buyers and sellers and the differing behavior of price tiers over the course of the cycle.
The contribution of foreign borrowing to the New Zealand economy

New Zealand's persistent current account deficits and high external debt level remain central to ongoing economic policy debate. However, what is often overlooked is the potentially positive macroeconomic contribution made by foreign finance. This paper suggests that foreign capital inflows, the counterpart of current account deficits, have in fact made a significant contribution to New Zealand national income from a growth accounting perspective. A stylised national balance sheet that includes New Zealand's assets and foreign liabilities also places the stock of foreign debt in proper context and reveals that national wealth gains have been significant as well.