Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging Buried Molecules: Fullerenes Under Graphene

Introducing foreign species into a semiconducting solid consti-tutes a very mighty means for modifying its electronic properties such as the electrical conductivity. The foreign atoms usually occupy substitutional sites of the host lattice, a fact which limits the size of the impurity atom as well as the achievable maximum concentration. This constraint is lifted for layered host materials which can accommodate also large guest atoms and even molecules, and the limit of high concentrations in these systems yields so-called intercalation compounds. [ 1 ] Graphite forms intercalation compounds with, e. g. , stored hydrogen, [ 2 ] Li, [ 3 ] as well as K which gives rise to superconductivity. [ 4 ] Also graphene experiences strong modiﬁ cation of its electronic properties upon intercalation. [ 5 ] While graphene grown catalyti-cally on transition metals shows strong substrate interaction, it becomes decoupled by intercalation of Au and reveals the dispersion of massless Dirac fermions associated with free graphene. [ 6 ] The technology of Au intercalation has been applied also to graphene grown on SiC [ 7 ] and may evolve into a generally applicable method. In the framework of applying intercalation technology for graphene-based electronic devices, molecules may as well be promising intercalants. We
Palliative Care - An Indian Perspective

Palliative care in India is a relatively new concept; developed over the past 30 years, compared to 50 years in the developed nations. The Government of India initiated a National Cancer Control Programme to make pain relief one of the basic services to be provided at the primary health care level. Kerala is often cited as a ‘beacon of hope’contributing to two-thirds of India’s Palliative care services, being the home of only 3% of India’s population of 1.2 billion. Since 2008, there has been a formal palliative care policy in place within the Kerala state government providing funding for community based programs. It was also one of the first states in India to make the narcotics regulations more flexible to permit use of morphine by Palliative Care providers. The Palliative Care Center in Calicut, Kerala, has become a WHO demonstration project serving as an example of low cost and high quality Palliative Care delivery in the developing world based on cooperation between government, non-government organisations and the community. Despite the efforts of non government organisations such as Pallium India in helping the government to create the National Program in Palliative Care in 2013 as well as spearheading the 2014 amendment in the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, the reach of Palliative Care across the country remains limited. As health care providers, we need to work together to ensure more patients are receiving the interdisciplinary, holistic approach they deserve. PALLIATIVE MEDICINE A NECESSITY IN PATIENT CARE A 58 year old lady, Ms. I with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease would arrive at the emergency department at a leading government hospital in New Delhi, India every other week presenting with severe dyspnea. She would be nebulised, admitted to the the medical floor followed by an intensive care unit stay with impending respiratory failure, discharged after treatment, only to return a few weeks later. The physicians worked very hard on this patient every time she was admitted, however, unfortunately she suffered immensely, ultimately dying in the ICU rather than at home. In contrast, at Grady Memorial, Atlanta, a 60 year old man (Mr. U) with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to the emergency with severe dyspnea. He was nebulised, admitted to the medical floor, prescribed morphine, had a fan directed to his face, had his goals of care discussed and signed, and had home oxygen arranged by his home hospice agency upon discharge. Incorporation of Palliative Medicine in patient care across all fields of medicine is known to alleviate patient distress as well as improve quality of life. Although Palliative Medicine is a field of expertise, primary palliative care is a skill that all physicians world -wide should have.
Field Efficacy of Sweet Corn Hybrids Expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin for Management of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Field studies were done in 1995–1996 to assess the efficacy of three sweet corn hybrids that express the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, Cry1Ab, against two lepidopteran pests, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The Bt hybrids tested were developed by Novartis Seeds, using the event BT-11, which expresses Bt toxin in green tissue as well as reproductive tissues including the tassel, silk, and kernel. Bt hybrids were compared with a standard non-Bt control or the non-Bt isoline for each hybrid; none of the hybrids were treated with insecticides during the study. Hybrid efficacy was based on larval control of each pest, as well as plant or ear damage associated with each pest. In both years, control of O. nubilalis larvae in primary ears of all Bt hybrids was 99–100% compared with the appropriate non-Bt check. Plant damage was also significantly reduced in all Bt hybrids. In 1996, control of H. zea in Bt hybrids ranged from 85 to 88% when compared with the appropriate non-Bt control. In 1996, a University of Minnesota experimental non-Bt hybrid (MN2 × MN3) performed as well as the Bt hybrids for control of O. nubilalis. Also, in 1996, two additional University of Minnesota experimental non-Bt hybrids (A684su X MN94 and MN2 × MN3) performed as well as Bt hybrids for percent marketable ears (ears with no damage or larvae). In addition, compared with the non-Bt hybrids, percent marketable ears were significantly higher for all Bt hybrids and in most cases ranged from 98 to 100%. By comparison, percent marketable ears for the non-Bt hybrids averaged 45.5 and 37.4% in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Results from the 2-yr study strongly suggest that Bt sweet corn hybrids will provide high levels of larval control for growers in both fresh and processing markets. Specifically, Bt sweet corn hybrids, in the absence of conventional insecticide use, provided excellent control of O. nubilalis, and very good control of H. zea. However, depending on location of specific production regions, and the associated insect pests of sweet corn in each area, some insecticide applications may still be necessary.
Leveraging derivative virtual machine introspection methods for security applications

Virtual machine introspection (VMI) describes the method of monitoring, analyzing, and manipulating the state of a virtual machine from the hypervisor level. This lends itself to many security applications, though they all share a single fundamental challenge: One must address the fact that the hypervisor has no semantic knowledge about what the system state means. Traditionally, this semantic knowledge is simply delivered to the hypervisor in the form of debugging symbols, symbol tables, etc. On the other hand, it is possible to derive information about the guest OS by considering hardware features and their specifications. The main contribution of this research is an examination of such derivative VMI methods and their strengths. This culminates in the introduction of a novel derivative method for collecting system calls from the hypervisor which is completely guest OS agnostic and cannot be evaded from within the guest.
The Portuguese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised (ACE-R) in the diagnosis of subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the Portuguese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised (ACE-R) in detecting and differentiating early stage subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) from early stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ninety-two subjects (18 SVD patients, 36 AD patients, and 38 healthy controls) were assessed using the ACE-R. Between-group’s differences were evaluated using the Quade’s rank analysis of covariance. The diagnostic accuracy and discriminatory ability of the ACE-R were examined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The ACE-R was able to successfully discriminate between patients and healthy subjects. The mean ACE-R total scores differed between SVD and AD patients; there were also significant differences in attention and orientation and in memory measures between the groups. An optimal cut-off of 72/73 was found for the detection of AD (sensitivity: 97%; specificity: 92%) and SVD (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 92%).
Correspondence of I- and Q-balls as non-relativistic condensates

If a real scalar field is dominated by non-relativistic modes, then it approximately conserves its particle number and obeys an equation that governs a complex scalar field theory with a conserved global U(1) symmetry. From this fact, it is shown that the I-ball (oscillon) can be naturally understood as a projection (e.g., real part) of the non-relativistic Q-ball solution. In particular, we clarify that the stability of the I-ball is guaranteed by the U(1) symmetry in the corresponding complex scalar field theory as long as the non-relativistic condition holds. We also discuss the longevity of I-ball from the perspective of the complex scalar field in terms of U(1) charge violating processes.
Study of Electrolyte Changes in Tuberculosis And Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) Co-Infected with Tuberculosis Patients : A Hospital Based Study

Tuberculosis is the commonest infection among HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients. This co-infection constitutes a major death threat in the world. Electrolyte disturbances have been reported in both Tuberculosis (TB) infection lone and TB-HIV co-infected patients. The main objectives of the study is to evaluate electrolyte imbalance among Tuberculosis (TB) patients alone and HIV co-infected with Tuberculosis (TB) patients. A total of 120 subjects participated in this study. They were divided in to 3 groups as follows. Group 1 contains 40 normal healthy controls without TB or HIV infection, group 2 contains 40 new positive cases of HIV co-infected with Tuberculosis (TB). All subjects were screened for the presence and absence of TB, HIV and the levels of electrolytes in plasma (sodium, potassium, and chloride) were estimated by electrolyte kit method by using semi-auto Analyzer. Level of plasma sodium in TB patients were significantly higher when compare with TB/HIV (141.1±1.21 vs 137.4±2.81 m eq/l) and healthy controls (135.9±1.37 meq/l). Plasma Potassium level significantly higher in TB/HIV patients when compared with Tuberculosis (4.10±0.49 VS 3.39±0.20 meq/l) and healthy controls (3.79±0.27 meq/l). Plasma chloride level was significantly higher in Tuberculosis (TB) patients compared with TB/HIV patients (107.3±1.3 VS 103.6±2.1 meq/l) and healthy controls (101.4±2.89meq/l). Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia and hypochloremia are commonly encountered electrolyte disturbances in TB/HIV infection. Hypernatremia and hypokalemia and hyperchloremia are the electrolyte disturbances in Tuberculosis (TB) patients. We concluded that Electrolyte balance monitoring in patients with Tuberculosis is recommended once treatment is recommended. Because of high incidence of the electrolyte disturbances with HIV infected patients, close monitoring and aggressive management are mandatory.
Clopidogrel Pharmacogenetics and Its Clinical Implications

Pharmacogenetics encompasses a range of phenomena ranging from pharmacology to therapeutics to toxicology and generally focuses on the study of genetic factors related to interindividual variability in drug response. Individual differences in the rate of platelet reactivity markedly influence normal hemostasis and the pathologic outcome of thrombosis. Response to clopidogrel varies widely, with nonresponse rates in various studies ranging from 4%-30% at 24 hours. Polymorphism involved in the response to antithrombotic drugs has been described in components of the hemostatic and thrombotic systems, and these include genetic variations. Polymorphisms in the hepatic enzymes involved in the metabolism of clopidogrel (e.g., CYP 1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C19) or within the platelet membrane receptor (P2Y12) and/or polymorphism of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 or integrin α2β1 may affect platelet responses and could influence response to clopidogrel administration. In this review, we discuss the pharmacogenetics of clopidogrel related to the phenomenon of response variability and its clinical implications.
Global adiposity and thickness of intraperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue depots are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

CONTEXT Sexual dimorphism suggests a role for androgens in body fat distribution. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a mainly androgen excess disorder, often present with abdominal obesity and visceral adiposity. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that women with PCOS have a masculinized body fat distribution favoring the deposition of fat in visceral and organ-specific adipose tissue depots. DESIGN This was a case-control study. SETTING The study was conducted at an academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS Women with PCOS (n = 55), women without androgen excess (n = 25), and men (n = 26) presenting with similar body mass index participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ultrasound measurements of adipose tissue depots including sc (minimum and maximum), preperitoneal, ip, mesenteric, epicardial, and perirenal fat thickness were obtained and total body fat mass was estimated using a body fat monitor. RESULTS Men and patients with PCOS had increased amounts of total body fat compared with control women. Men had increased thickness of intraabdominal adipose tissue depots compared with the control women, with the women with PCOS showing intermediate values that were also higher than those of control women in the case of ip and mesenteric fat thickness and was close to reaching statistical significance in the case of epicardial fat thickness. Women with PCOS also showed increased minimum sc fat thickness compared with the control women. Obesity increased the thickness of all of the adipose tissue depots in the 3 groups of subjects. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS have higher global adiposity and increased amounts of visceral adipose tissue compared with control women, especially in the ip and mesenteric depots.
An Examination of Muscle Activation and Power Characteristics While Performing the Deadlift Exercise with Straight and Hexagonal Barbells: 1688 Board #341 June 2, 9: 00 AM - 10: 30 AM.

then completed a post-delivery survey on muscle soreness. Maternal, newborn, and delivery outcomes were measured. Change scores (pre minus post) were calculated for muscle soreness. Comparisons were made using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. RESULTS: Fifteen women participated, mean age at delivery was 27.2 ± 3.9 years and mean prepregnancy BMI was 25.5 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 . There were no significant differences in newborn outcomes (weight, length, Apgar scores, p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups in the change score of lower body muscle soreness (EX Mean = -1.0 ± 2.2, SC = -4.4 ± 3.2; t (12) = -2.4 p = 0.02) and mode of delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean section) χ 2 (2, n = 15) = 6.3, p = 0.02. CONCLUSION: A low-intensity resistance band training program with limited intervention performed during pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease in the amount of change in lower body muscle soreness from early pregnancy to post delivery. In addition, a higher percentage of women in the EX group had vaginal deliveries. Adherence to the training program was high (>98%) and evidence showed no adverse results. However these findings need to be confirmed in a larger and more diverse sample. The use of resistance bands is a practical and cost-effective training program accommodating individual lifestyles. Thus, practitioners should consider encouraging women to participate in a similar prenatal resistance band training program to reduce lower body muscle soreness after delivery.
Quantum transport in Rashba spin–orbit materials: a review

In this review article we describe spin-dependent transport in materials with spin–orbit interaction of Rashba type. We mainly focus on semiconductor heterostructures, however we consider topological insulators, graphene and hybrid structures involving superconductors as well. We start from the Rashba Hamiltonian in a two dimensional electron gas and then describe transport properties of two- and quasi-one-dimensional systems. The problem of spin current generation and interference effects in mesoscopic devices is described in detail. We address also the role of Rashba interaction on localisation effects in lattices with nontrivial topology, as well as on the Ahronov–Casher effect in ring structures. A brief section, in the end, describes also some related topics including the spin-Hall effect, the transition from weak localisation to weak anti localisation and the physics of Majorana fermions in hybrid heterostructures involving Rashba materials in the presence of superconductivity.
Organotypic slice cultures from rat brain tissue: a new approach for Naegleria fowleri CNS infection in vitro

The free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri is the aetiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a disease leading to death in the vast majority of cases. In patients suffering from PAM, and in corresponding animal models, the brain undergoes a massive inflammatory response, followed by haemorrhage and severe tissue necrosis. Both, in vivo and in vitro models are currently being used to study PAM infection. However, animal models may pose ethical issues, are dependent upon availability of specific infrastructural facilities, and are time-consuming and costly. Conversely, cell cultures lack the complex organ-specific morphology found in vivo, and thus, findings obtained in vitro do not necessarily reflect the situation in vivo. The present study reports infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat brain with N. fowleri and compares the findings in this culture system with in vivo infection in a rat model of PAM, that proved complementary to that of mice. We found that brain morphology, as present in vivo, is well retained in organotypic slice cultures, and that infection time-course including tissue damage parallels the observations in vivo in the rat. Therefore, organotypic slice cultures from rat brain offer a new in vitro approach to study N. fowleri infection in the context of PAM.
An improved PMUs placement method for power system state estimation

This paper presents a technique for improving the phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement method recently proposed by Madtharad. The minimum condition number of the measurement matrix is used as the criteria in conjunction with sequential elimination approach to search optimal placement of this problem. Moreover, in order to minimize the communication cost, a placement-site reduction technique is performed after obtaining the solutions of placement. Numerical simulations on small and large sized power systems are compared with the Madtharad's method. The results indicate that the proposed method gives smaller condition number and the number of placement-site is successfully reduced
Simulation N-Corps d'un plasma

La simulation N-Corps d'un plasma consiste a calculer l'interaction coulombienne mutuelle entre N particules chargees. Nous avons adapte un algorithme N-Corps de type ``code en arbre'', utilise avec succes dans le cas gravitationnel, pour la simulation de plasmas. Pour l'instant, nous avons trouve deux champs d'applications pour lesquels cette technique est particulierement bien adaptee. Tout d'abord les problemes d'expansion de plasma dans le vide. Ce genre de simulation fait coexister des densites d'ordres de grandeur tres differents. Certaines zones peuvent avoir un comportement hydrodynamique pendant que d'autres sont peuplees de particules avec des trajectoires balistiques car trop energetiques. Les protons, notamment, peuvent ainsi etre acceleres a des vitesses requises pour la fusion. Ce type de probleme, faisant intervenir une interface plasma-vide, est pratiquement impossible a etudier a l'aide des techniques de simulation courantes (e.g. codes MHD, Vlasov, Fokker-Planck, .). L'autre champ d'application est celui de la simulation des plasmas moderement ou fortement couples qui concerne de nombreux plasmas de laboratoire, mais egalement des plasmas astrophysiques, tels, par exemple, la zone convective du Soleil. Dans les plasmas dits couples, les collisions ``binaires proches'' entre charges ne peuvent pas etre negligees. Or, les modeles numeriques de type Fokker-Planck, tres majoritairement utilises pour simuler des plasmas faiblement collisionnels, n'en tiennent pas compte ce qui les rends inadequats a ce type de plasma. La technique N-Corps, quant a elle, gere chaque particule individuellement et peut tres bien decrire precisement les trajectoires de particules subissant ce genre de deviation violente.
Invulnerability of the Immature Brain to Seizures: Do Dogmas Have Nine Lives?

Status epilepticus (SE) can be harmful to the developing brain. Our knowledge of the emotional and behavioral consequences of generalized SE in developing animals remains limited. Therefore, we investigated the shortand long-term effects of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced SE on emotional memory and learning and behavioral parameters in immature rats. SE was induced in 16to 20-dayold rats (P16–P20) using intraperitoneal injections of PTZ (n = 21); control rats received saline (n = 10). All animals were tested using an elevated Tmaze and open-field test 2, 14, 30, and 180 days after SE, to evaluate emotional memory and learning and behavior. Anxiety levels decreased 2 and 14 days after SE, and conditioned learning of PTZ-treated immature rats was better than that of the control rats. These results indicate that a decreased anxiety level facilitates conditioned learning. Behavioral changes are transient, and no emotional memory or learning deficits occur following PTZ-induced SE in immature rats.
Differential regulation of CXCR 4 and CCR 5 endocytosis

Nathalie Signoret1, Mette M. Rosenkilde2, P. J. Klasse1, Thue W. Schwartz2, Michael H. Malim3, James A. Hoxie4 and Mark Marsh1,* 1Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 2Department of Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 4Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Is there a Delay in the Plasma Insulin Response of Patients with Chemical Diabetes Mellitus?

We have compared the plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin responses to oral glucose, intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide of twenty normal subjects with those of eleven patients with chemical diabetes. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex and degree of adiposity. The insulin response of patients with chemical diabetes was greater at every time interval during all these tests. Thus, we could document no defect in the rapidity of insulin response to these stimuli in patients with chemical diabetes. These results do not support the view that the commonest metabolic abnormality in patients with diabetes is a delay in the insulin response.