Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Cultural Diversity of Europe: A Comment on Cavalli-Sforza

CAVALLI-SFORZA'S ARTICLE ON THE genetic and cultural diversity in Europe represents the summary of his long-standing interpretation of the genetic history of European populations, dating back to at least the beginning of the Neolithic period (Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza 1971, 1984; Cavalli-Sforza 1991; CavalliSforza, Menozzi, and Piazza 1994, etc.). This interpretation is based on the belief that most of the populations of European stock arrived in Europe at the beginning of the Neolithic and gradually colonized the continent through the process of "demic diffusion," thereby planting their genes, as well as farming practices, over the most of the continent. The earlier hunter-gatherer communities were absorbed, and on the whole their contribution to the subsequent development of the genetic and cultural history of Europe was insignificant. The later, post-Neolithic population movements into Europe, though regionally important, did not significantly alter the basic structure and pattern of genetic and cultural development set by the Neolithic colonization of Europe. This is a clearly presented, elegant, and convincing argument. It is also a deeply flawed argument. Its assumptions, methodological problems, and theoretical misapprehensions have been challenged, time and again, by archaeologists and geneticists (Zvelebil 1986, 1995 with references; Zvelebil and Zvelebil 1988; Pluciennik 1996; Bateman et al. 1990; Richards et al. 1996, 1997; Harding, Rosing, and Sokol 1990), and even Cavalli-Sforza's coworkers have expressed ambivalent opinions and changed their views regarding key issues in the argument (e.g., compare Sokal et al. 1989; Sokol, Oden, and Wilson 1991; Sokol, Oden, and Thompson 1992; Sokal and Livshits 1993; Roberts 1992). In the current article, Cavalli-Sforza ignores most of the criticism leveled against his theory (Richards et al. 1996 being one singular exception), although he is clearly aware of the debate. Given this situation, one can only wonder whether Cavalli-Sforza's article, elegantly argued as it is, is not an exercise in controlled deception. Here, I can focus only on three main issues, setting aside questions of the Paleolithic origin of the modern Europeans (see comment by Otte) and of the linguistic implications (see Renfrew 1987, 1992; Bateman et al. 1990; Zvelebil 1995). THE PEOPLINGS OF EUROPE 411
Explaining the Paradoxical Age-based Racial Disparities in Survival After Trauma: The Role of the Treating Facility.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine if differences in outcomes at treating facilities can help explain these age-based racial disparities in survival after trauma. BACKGROUND It has been previously demonstrated that racial disparities in survival after trauma are dependent on age. For patients younger than 65 years, blacks had an increased odds of mortality compared with whites, but among patients 65 years or older the opposite association was found. METHODS Data on white and black trauma patients were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2003-2009) using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Standardized observed-to-expected mortality ratios were calculated for individual treating facilities, adjusting for age, sex, insurance status, mechanism of injury, overall injury severity, head injury severity, and comorbid conditions. Observed-to-expected ratios were used to benchmark facilities as high-, average-, or low-performing facilities. Proportions and survival outcomes of younger (range, 16-64 years) and older (≥65 years) patients admitted within each performance stratum were compared. RESULTS A total of 934,476 patients from 1137 facilities (8.3% high-performing, 85% average-performing, and 6.7% low-performing) were analyzed. Younger black patients had a higher adjusted odds of mortality compared with younger white patients [odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.27], whereas older black patients had a lower odds of mortality compared with older white patients [odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-88]. A significantly greater proportion of younger black patients were treated at low-performing facilities compared with both younger white patients and older black patients (49.6% vs 42.2% and 38.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of all young black trauma patients are treated at low-performing facilities. However, facility-based differences do not seem to explain the paradoxical age-based racial disparities after trauma observed in the older population.
Late Pleistocene Horse Hunting at the Wally's Beach Site (DhPg-8), Canada

Evidence from the Wally's Beach site in southwestern Alberta indicates Pleistocene horses were hunted by Clovis age peoples. A number of artifacts are associated with a horse skeleton, including a cut-marked hyoid indicative of butchering and a flake projecting below one of the vertebrae that establishes the archaeological material is not intrusive. A large unmodified cobble apparently was used to mark the kill or anchor the cache. Six other finds of horse remains also have associated lithic artifacts. Horse behavior is explored to speculate on hunting strategy. It is concluded that humans and climate change probably contributed to the late Pleistocene extinction of North American horses.
Doppler sonography of hepatic arterial blood flow velocity after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to elucidate the changes in hepatic arterial blood flow after portal vein embolization. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We prospectively measured the flow velocity and resistive index of the common, right, and left hepatic arteries, using Doppler sonography, in 21 patients who underwent embolization of the right portal vein. The measurements were performed before and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after embolization. We assessed the changes in liver volume with a volumetric study using CT. RESULTS After embolization, flow velocity in the common hepatic artery increased significantly (p < 0.0001). Flow velocity in the right hepatic artery also increased significantly (p < 0.0001), with a significant decrease in resistive index (p < 0.0001). The flow velocity and resistive index of the left hepatic artery were unchanged. The increase in flow velocity in the right hepatic artery significantly correlated with that in the common hepatic artery (r = 0.514, p < 0.05). The calculated volume of the embolized right hepatic lobe significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased, from 685 +/- 32 cm(3) before embolization to 568 +/- 28 cm(3) after embolization. The atrophy rate of the right hepatic lobe significantly correlated with the increase in flow velocity in the right hepatic artery (r = 0.700, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION Portal vein embolization induces an increase in hepatic arterial blood flow velocity in the embolized hepatic segments, resulting from an increase in common hepatic arterial flow, but not from a steal phenomenon due to decreased hepatic arterial blood flow in the nonembolized hepatic segments. This observation may be explained by the simple mechanical effect of interposing a slower flowing stream (portal flow) in the path of a faster flowing stream (arterial flow).
Metalinguistic Knowledge and Language Ability in University-Level L2 Learners

Existing research indicates that instructed learners’ L2 proficiency and their metalinguistic knowledge are moderately correlated. However, the operationalization of the construct of metalinguistic knowledge has varied somewhat across studies. Metalinguistic knowledge has typically been operationalized as learners’ ability to correct, describe, and explain L2 errors. More recently, this operationalization has been extended to additionally include learners’ L1 language-analytic ability as measured by tests traditionally used to assess components of language learning aptitude. This article reports on a study which employed a narrowly focused measure of L2 proficiency and incorporated L2 language-analytic ability into a measure of metalinguistic knowledge. It was found that the linguistic and metalinguistic knowledge of advanced university-level L1 English learners of L2 German correlated strongly. Moreover, the outcome of a principal components analysis suggests that learners’ ability to correct, describe, and explain highlighted L2 errors and their L2 language-analytic ability may constitute components of the same construct. The theoretical implications of these findings for the concept of metalinguistic knowledge in L2 learning are considered.
Non-local interactions in spatial evolutionary games

As a special case of symmetric game in which the players share a common payoff matrix, evolutionary game provides a suitable approach to model and explore the emergence of cooperative behavior in natural and social systems. The evolutionary spatial game (ESG) further specifies the payoff for each individual by both the payoff matrix M and the spatial dependence structure of the population on a geophysical domain. Two players game serves as a foundation of modeling various biological/social interactive systems and provides a great amount of interesting game theoretical models such as prisoner’s dilemma game, snow drift game etc. We formulate a two players evolutionary spatial game under the framework of initialization, effective local payoff, and the Markov chain for strategy update. The spatial dependence structure is modeled by a probability distribution parameterized by the dependence geometry and strength in the neighborhood of each location. Particularly, we study the structure based on Gaussian process. Computational methods are proposed and applied to study the convergence of simulations. In addition, limiting non-local differential equation is introduced and analysed in terms of spreading speeds and traveling waves.
Reactions of copper and cadmium ions in aqueous solution with goethite, lepidocrocite, mackinawite, and pyrite

Abstract The uptake of Cu and Cd in aqueous solution by interaction with the surfaces of carefully synthesized finely sized particles of goethite, lepidocrocite, mackinawite, and pyrite was measured as a function of initial metal concentration in solution. The results show how reactions between metal ions in solution and mineral surfaces depend in a subtle way on the nature of the surfaces and, in certain cases, on the initial concentration of metal in solution. The uptake curves fall into two groups; type I in which the efficiency of uptake decreases with increasing concentration (Cu and Cd on goethite and lepidocrocite, Cd on pyrite), and type II in which it remains constant (Cu on mackinawite and pyrite, Cd on mackinawite). The total uptake is an order of magnitude greater for the latter group. X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XANES and EXAFS) were used to define the local environments of the metals taken up at the mineral surfaces. All examples showing the type I behavior yield information on local environments consistent with their being bound to the surfaces by an inner sphere complex formation mechanism. Thus, Cu on goethite appeared to form a Jahn-Teller distorted octahedral complex (four O atoms at 1.94 Å ; two O atoms at 2.41 Å ) but with evidence for interaction with two further Fe (or Cu) at 2.92 Å . On lepidocrocite, the first coordination sphere was essentially identical to that on goethite but with a second Cu or Fe shell at 3.04 Å and, for the highest Cu loadings, a third shell (2 Cu or Fe) at 3.67 Å . The Cd on goethite showed best fits for sixfold coordination to O (at 2.26 Å ) but with evidence for a second shell of Fe atoms at 3.75 Å . On lepidocrocite, the first shell was essentially the same as for goethite, but a second shell of Fe atoms appeared to occur at the shorter distance of 3.31 Å . For Cd-loaded pyrite, best fits were given by a single shell of six O atoms at 2.27 to 2.28 Å and with no evidence for a second shell of metal atoms. The systems exhibiting the type II behavior yielded spectra consistent with the formation of new phases on the surfaces, either by precipitation or replacement reactions. In the case of Cu interaction with mackinawite, a chalcopyrite phase appeared to form, whereas interaction with pyrite seemed to produce binary Cu sulfides-covellite at lower loadings and chalcocite at higher loadings. Cd interaction with mackinawite seemed to produce a CdS phase.
Paternal Effect of the Nuclear Formin-like Protein MISFIT on Plasmodium Development in the Mosquito Vector

Malaria parasites must undergo sexual and sporogonic development in mosquitoes before they can infect their vertebrate hosts. We report the discovery and characterization of MISFIT, the first protein with paternal effect on the development of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in Anopheles mosquitoes. MISFIT is expressed in male gametocytes and localizes to the nuclei of male gametocytes, zygotes and ookinetes. Gene disruption results in mutant ookinetes with reduced genome content, microneme defects and altered transcriptional profiles of putative cell cycle regulators, which yet successfully invade the mosquito midgut. However, developmental arrest ensues during the ookinete transformation to oocysts leading to malaria transmission blockade. Genetic crosses between misfit mutant parasites and parasites that are either male or female gamete deficient reveal a strict requirement for a male misfit allele. MISFIT belongs to the family of formin-like proteins, which are known regulators of the dynamic remodeling of actin and microtubule networks. Our data identify the ookinete-to-oocyst transition as a critical cell cycle checkpoint in Plasmodium development and lead us to hypothesize that MISFIT may be a regulator of cell cycle progression. This study offers a new perspective for understanding the male contribution to malaria parasite development in the mosquito vector.
Is patient-prosthesis mismatch a perioperative predictor of long-term mortality after aortic valve replacement?

OBJECTIVES To determine the perioperative predictors of long-term mortality after aortic valve replacement (AVR). The authors hypothesized that perioperative variables are more important predictors of mortality than patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM). DESIGN A retrospective study of prospectively collected data. SETTING A tertiary care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS One-hundred-ninety-nine adult patients who underwent AVR. INTERVENTIONS After Research and Ethics Committee approval, the authors studied consecutive adult patients that underwent AVR in 1999 from the time of procedure to 5 years later. Demographic data, hemodynamic profile obtained after the induction of anesthesia, and perioperative data were analyzed. Primary endpoint was 5-year survival. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Actuarial survival rate was 95.98%, 91.46%, and 81.91% at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years, respectively. On univariate analysis, patients who died were significantly older (p<0.0001), had pulmonary hypertension (PHT), longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (p = 0.0001) and cross-clamping duration (p = 0.003), more frequent return to CPB (p = 0.036), or the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump to wean from CPB (p = 0.015). PPM was not related to 5-year mortality (p = 0.0649). Using Cox survival analysis, the only independent risk factors related to 5-year mortality after AVR were PHT using the mean arterial pressure-to-mean pulmonary artery pressure ratio (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.92, p = 0.0413) and the presence of complex separation from CPB (HR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.08-6.50, p = 0.0324). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing AVR, 5-year survival was mostly related to the severity of PHT and intraoperative factors, mainly complexity of weaning from CPB.
Feedback effects of service extensions on the parent product brand image

Markentransfers im Dienstleistungsbereichen haben einen immer groser werdenden Anteil an der Weltwirtschaft. Doch welchen Einfluss Dienstleistungsmarkentransfers auf das Image der Muttermarke haben ist geringfugig erforscht. Die Literatur hat sich bis jetzt grosteils auf den Markentransfer im Produktbereich konzentriert. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass der Fit zwischen Muttermarke und dem Transferprodukt eine der wichtigsten Variablen darstellt. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit liegt auf asymmetrischen Markentransfers, ausgehend von einer Produktmarke welche eine Dienstleistung anbietet. Im Speziellen wird erforscht, welchen Einfluss Kundenzufriedenheit hat. Basierend auf verschiedenen Fragebogen wird zuerst der Einfluss des Markentransfers auf die Dienstleistung untersucht und danach wird das Muttermarkenimage nochmals evaluiert um feststellen zu konnen, welchen Einfluss die Dienstleistung auf die ursprungliche Produktmarke hat. Insgesamt gibt es vier Fragebogen die sich in der Ausgestaltung der Dienstleistungsszenarien unterscheiden. Eine globale Marke wird verwendet und die Szenarien unterscheiden sich am Grad des Fit und der Qualitat der Dienstleistungserbringung. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass Kundenzufriedenheit den grosten Effekt auf die Muttermarke hat. Diese Erkenntnisse sind einzigartig in der Dienstleistungsmarkentransferforschung da zum ersten Mal Kundenzufriedenheit im Zuge eines Dienstleistungsszenarios manipuliert wurde. Obwohl der Fit bis jetzt zumeist als wichtigster Erfolgsfaktor bei Produktmarkentransfers gesehen wurde, konnten diesen Ergebnisse nicht bestatigt werden. Weder bei der Bewertung der Muttermarke noch bei der Beurteilung der Dienstleistung konnte ein Einfluss von Fit festgestellt werden. Weiters wurde nachgewiesen, dass Kundenunzufriedenheit einen starkeren Einfluss auf die Post-Evaluierung des Images der Muttermarke hat als Kundenzufriedenheit. Diese Erkenntnisse bestatigen die Prospect-Theorie und zeigen, dass negative Dienstleistungserfahrungen einen starkeren Einfluss auf das Muttermarkeimage haben als positive.
Occurrence of Escherichia coli 01 57 in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

JOSEPH, R. (1994) Acupuncture for neurologic disorders. In Veterinary Acupuncture: Ancient Art to Modern Medicine. Ed A. M. Schoen. St Louis, Mosby. p 178 KERN, T. J. & ERB, H. N. (1987) Facial neuropathy in dogs and cats: 95 cases (1975-1985). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 191, 1604-1609 LIU, J., JIANG, D. , YU, M. & YANG, J. (1992) Observation on 63 cases of facial paralysis treated with acupuncture. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 17, 85-86 NOYA, M. & PARDO, J. (1997) Diagnosis and treatment of facial palsy. Neurologia 12,23-30 RENDANO, V. T. , DE LAHUNTA, A. & KING, J. M. (1980) Extracranial neoplasia with facial nerve paralysis in two cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 16,921-925
Identity-Aware Convolutional Neural Network for Facial Expression Recognition

Facial expression recognition suffers under realworldconditions, especially on unseen subjects due to highinter-subject variations. To alleviate variations introduced bypersonal attributes and achieve better facial expression recognitionperformance, a novel identity-aware convolutional neuralnetwork (IACNN) is proposed. In particular, a CNN with a newarchitecture is employed as individual streams of a bi-streamidentity-aware network. An expression-sensitive contrastive lossis developed to measure the expression similarity to ensure thefeatures learned by the network are invariant to expressionvariations. More importantly, an identity-sensitive contrastiveloss is proposed to learn identity-related information from identitylabels to achieve identity-invariant expression recognition.Extensive experiments on three public databases including aspontaneous facial expression database have shown that theproposed IACNN achieves promising results in real world.
Assessment of suicide risk by computer‐delivered self‐rating questionnaire: preliminary findings

A prospective study of 167 consecutive patients admitted to a general hospital following an episode of deliberate self‐harm was carried out; 102 patients were interviewed by computer and then by a psychiatrist who was blind to the results of the computer interview. The computer interview consisted of a self‐rating modification of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and a novel questionnaire developed lo assess suicidal ideation. This article explores the preliminary findings in these patients and suggests that not only is the computer interview acceptable to the majority of patients but the data suggest, in line with previous studies, that the patients are prepared to confide information to the computer that they may be unwilling to tell the clinician. Further the data also suggest a significant pathoplastic effect of the personality of the patient on the perception of the psychopathology by the clinician. The computer appeared to be a better predictor of suicidality than the interview by the clinician.
Oleanolic Acid Prevents Increase in Blood Pressure and Nephrotoxicity in Nitric Oxide Dependent Type of Hypertension in Rats

Background: Recently, we have reported antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid (OA) in glucocorticoid-induced hypertension with restoration of nitric oxide (NO) level. However, the involvement of NO-releasing action of OA was unclear. Objective: To explore antihypertensive activity of OA in Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats wherein NO is completely blocked, which would allow exploring the possibility of involvement of NO-releasing action of OA. Materials and Methods: Five groups of rats were investigated as normal control, L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day), L-NAME + enalapril (15 mg/kg/day), L-NAME + l-arginine (100 mg/kg/day), and L-NAME + OA (60 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The systolic blood pressure, body weight, and heart rate were measured weekly for 4 weeks. Serum nitrate/nitrite (NOx) level, urine electrolytes concentration, cardiac mass index, and serum creatinine level were determined followed by organ histopathology. Results: OA and enalapril delayed the rise in blood pleasure following L-NAME administration. Decreased serum NOx level was not significantly increased with any of the treatment. OA produced a small, though nonsignificant, increase in the NOx level. L-NAME administration did not affect cardiac mass index. There was an increase in serum creatinine upon L-NAME administration which was prevented by OA. Decreased urine volume, urine sodium and potassium were reversed by OA. Conclusion: These results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of OA in L-NAME hypertension is due to diuresis and nephroprotection. However, OA has nonsignificantly affected the NO levels.
Update on the metabolic syndrome in children

Purpose of review Provides an update on the metabolic syndrome in childhood. Recent findings The metabolic syndrome is increasingly recognized among children. It is nearly exclusively encountered in overweight and obese individuals and is associated with atherosclerosis. Development and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is influenced by many characteristics including heritable traits, prenatal and infantile influences, diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic status. Summary Epidemiological data have become mature in this area. Efforts to design and implement systems to prevent and treat the metabolic syndrome are required.