Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Pediatrician Interventions to Increase Smoking Cessation Counseling Among Smoking Caregivers

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking rates in the United States are 18%, exposing 54% of children under the age of 11 to secondhand smoke (SHS) on a regular basis. SHS exposure contributes to health issues such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and otitis media in infants and children. The best way to reduce or eliminate a child’s SHS is when those who surround the child stop smoking. Smokers who use structured programs are more likely to stop smoking compared with those who try independently. Although structured smoking cessation programs are widely available through private health insurance or community-run programs, take-up is limited by a lack of awareness of their availability among both caregivers and physicians. In addition, caregivers often do not see their own health care provider. Given the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations of 10 well-child care visits by 2 years of age, parents will visit their child’s pediatrician much more often than their own physician. This makes visits to the pediatrician an ideal setting to increase awareness and educate caregivers on the benefits of smoking cessation. There are studies assessing various interventions aimed at educating physicians to appropriately reduce SHS among the pediatric population. The US Preventive Service Task Force states that counseling delivered to smokers for less than 10 minutes is effective at increasing smoking cessation and abstinence from smoking for 1 year. To the best of our knowledge, no study discusses which intervention is best to improve physicians’ ability to counsel caregivers to smoking cessation programs. The primary aim of the current review is to determine which intervention demonstrates a significant increase in pediatricians’ rate of counseling adult caregivers of their pediatric patients to smoking cessation programs. A secondary outcome of this review is to determine which intervention increases the rate of SHS screening and referring caregivers to smoking cessation programs. Methods
Managing security and dependability in ubiquitous computing environments

Security and dependability represent important topics in the context of computer networks and distributed systems. Especially with the ongoing trend towards realizing the paradigm of ubiquitous computing, they become even more decisive. Ubiquitous computing is characterized by a fundamental revolution in the information technology as it is known and in use today. In essence, the computing devices are integrated into the real world in such a way that they disappear from view and are no longer perceived as computer systems by the users. Thus, the virtual and the real world effectively merge. This allows on the one hand for many fascinating new applications to support users in their everyday tasks. However, on the other hand this also involves a great potential for massive security risks, such as the complete and permanent surveillance of the users. Furthermore, these systems, that span internally over multiple devices, must be extremely robust and dependable in order to provide usable solutions and gain the users’ acceptance. This dissertation concentrates on questions regarding the management of security and dependability in ubiquitous computing environments. At this, we focus on the one hand on two important aspects, the integration of security into the devices that build the foundation of these environments as well as the advancement of the routing technology used in wide-area networks today to support the qualitative changes that accompany ubiquitous computing. On the other hand, we discuss the question if the traditionally prevalent security concepts still represent efficient and usable solutions in ubiquitous computing environments or whether a data-centric view on security is more beneficial and feasible to implement. Regarding the integration of security measures into the ubiquitously deployed devices it is important to keep their distinct characteristics in mind. By design, these devices must be extremely small and cheap in order to be deployed everywhere and disappear from view. However, this results in severely resourceconstrained devices, regarding CPU, memory, energy, and communication bandwidth. These limitations must be considered during the design of appropriate security solutions. An example of such a technology represent wireless sensor networks which will be massively deployed in future ubiquitous computing environments. We present in this work two approaches to provide security for wireless sensor networks. On the one hand we design and implement a security architecture for a mobile self-organizing sensor network. However, due to several drawbacks that result from the general approach of providing a specialized security architecture for one application scenario, we design and implement a second, more generic framework that allows for annotating security during the
Caring for self and others: Increasing health care students' healthy behaviors.

OBJECTIVE Living a healthy lifestyle in order to manage stress encountered in the health care system is important for health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to increase healthy behaviors of undergraduate students in professional health care majors by introducing a health promotion intervention in a required course. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 201 undergraduate health professional students from nursing (NUR) (n=82, 40.8%), occupational therapy (OT) (n=72, 35.8%), and speech- language pathology (SLP) (n=47, 23.4%). METHODS A pretest-posttest comparison group design was used. The NUR and OT students received a health promotion intervention to encourage a healthy lifestyle in a required course. SLP students served as a comparison group and did not receive content on self health promotion. RESULTS The comparison group (SLP) had significantly lower scores on the overall Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII), physical activity and nutrition scales at posttest when compared to pretest. In contrast, students in the intervention group (NUR & OT) significantly increased in their health responsibility as measured on the HPLPII survey at the end of the semester. CONCLUSIONS Infusing content on healthy behaviors in undergraduate curricula may better prepare professionals for living a healthy lifestyle.
The effects of sensory marketing on the implementation of fast-food marketing campaigns

Mass marketing strategies are failing in the way they connect to customers. Current strategies tend to focus on mass appeal to a general population, and in doing so fail to appeal to individual tastes and preferences of their desired customer base. The need to identify new marketing strategies to reach the target market, and to remain in the customers’ minds as their first choice, is of high importance. Sensory marketing is an emerging technique that integrates the five human senses in order to create a total experience that the customer remembers. An investigation of sensory marketing is undertaken in this research, using Au Bon Pain stores in Thailand as a case study in order to demonstrate its effectiveness in the fast-food industry. Au Bon Pain stores in Thailand were investigated using the qualitative approach of triangulation, which consisted of secondary data provided by the company, an interview with Au Bon Pain management and direct observation of Au bon Pain stores by the researcher. These sources were then compared and used in complementation to provide evidence for this study. The results of this study show the effectiveness of the use of sensory marketing in Au Bon Pain stores in Thailand, through a reported increase in sales and the expansion of the company through new products offered and the opening of new stores. The company has adapted to the local Thai environment and has proven to be a successful brand recognized through the country as a result of the implementation of sensory marketing.
Box 1 . Main roles and responsibilities of the palliative care clinical nurse specialist *

425 © 2 01 4 M A H ea lth ca re L td Abstract Background: The palliative care clinical nurse specialist (PC-CNS) is a core member of the specialist palliative care team. According to professional policy, the role has four specific components: clinical practice, education, research, and leadership and management. Little is known about how to support staff in this role. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore what learning, development, and support PC-CNSs in one hospice need to enable them to fulfil all components of their role. Design: Using a descriptive exploratory approach, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of community PC-CNSs from a hospice in Northern Ireland. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Findings: Seventeen interviews were analysed and three themes identified: influence of organisational culture, influence of the individual, and learning and development solutions. Conclusions: Participants reported that the PC-CNS role was stressful. They identified that the organisational culture and indeed individuals themselves influenced the learning and development support available to help them fulfil the four components of the role. Working relationships and stability within teams affected how supported individuals felt and had implications for managers in meeting the needs of staff while balancing the needs of the service.
Management outcomes in splenic injury: a statewide trauma center review.

OBJECTIVE Clinical pathways now highlight both observation and operation as acceptable initial therapeutic options for the management of patients with splenic injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment trends for splenic injury in all North Carolina trauma centers over a 6-year period. METHODS Splenic injuries in adults over a 6-year period (January 1988-December 1993) were identified in the North Carolina Trauma Registry using ICD-9-CM codes. Patients were divided into four groups by method of management: 1) no spleen operation, 2) splenectomy, 3) definitive splenorrhaphy, and 4) splenorrhaphy failure followed by splenectomy. The authors examined age, mechanism of injury, admitting blood pressure, and severity of injury by trauma score and injury severity score. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Comparisons were made between adult (17-64 years of age) and geriatric (older than 65 years of age) patients and between patients with blunt and penetrating injury. Resource utilization (length of stay, hospital charges) and outcome (mortality) were compared. RESULTS One thousand two hundred fifty-five patients were identified with splenic injury. Rate of splenic preservation increased over time and was achieved in more than 50% of patients through nonoperative management (40%) and splenorrhaphy (12%). Splenorrhaphy was not used commonly in either blunt or penetrating injury. Overall mortality was 13%. Geriatric patients had a higher mortality and resource utilization regardless of their mechanism of injury or method of management. CONCLUSIONS Nonoperative management represents the prevailing method of splenic preservation in both the adult and geriatric population in North Carolina trauma center hospitals. Satisfactory outcomes and economic advantages accompany nonoperative management in this adult population.
On soft limits of large-scale structure correlation functions

We study soft limits of correlation functions for the density and velocity fields in the theory of structure formation. First, we re-derive the (resummed) consistency conditions at unequal times using the eikonal approximation. These are solely based on symmetry arguments and are therefore universal. Then, we explore the existence of equal-time relations in the soft limit which, on the other hand, depend on the interplay between soft and hard modes. We scrutinize two approaches in the literature: the time-flow formalism, and a background method where the soft mode is absorbed into a locally curved cosmology. The latter has been recently used to set up (angular averaged) `equal-time consistency relations'. We explicitly demonstrate that the time-flow relations and `equal-time consistency conditions' are only fulfilled at the linear level, and fail at next-to-leading order for an Einstein de-Sitter universe. While applied to the velocities both proposals break down beyond leading order, we find that the `equal-time consistency conditions' quantitatively approximates the perturbative results for the density contrast. Thus, we generalize the background method to properly incorporate the effect of curvature in the density and velocity fluctuations on short scales, and discuss the reasons behind this discrepancy. We conclude with a few comments on practical implementations and future directions.
The Presence of Midkine and its Possible Implication in Human Ovarian Follicles

Ovarian follicles undergo a dynamic change to provide a mature ovum, and the process involves angiogenesis, follicular cell proliferation and leukocyte recruitment. Midkine (MK) is a heparin‐binding growth factor that has angiogenic, mitogenic, and chemotactic activities. In the present study, we investigated the presence of MK and its possible role in human ovarian follicles.
Understanding burden differences between men and women caregivers: the contribution of care-recipient problem behaviors

Background: This study was carried out to determine why women caring for men report more burden than other caregivers, and to further examine the role of care-recipient problem behaviors as determinants of burden. Method: A sample of 557 primary caregivers of community-dwelling individuals referred to a memory clinic was used. All care-recipients had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS-ADRDA). Data on care-recipient function, caregiver attributes, external supports and caregiver burden were obtained on the first visit. Hierarchical regression models were used to determine the contribution of gender, after controlling for care-recipient status, caregiver attributes, and external supports. Results: This model explained 46% of the variability in caregiver “role burden”, with care-recipient problem behaviors and dependence in instrumental activities of daily living. The caregiver/care-recipient gender interaction explained an additional 4% of the variance (p=0.001); women caring for men scored 5.61 higher on the burden scale than other caregivers. Specific problem behaviors (e.g., anger) were more problematic for women caregivers than men. Conclusion: These results indicate that the experience of men and women caregivers may be different despite seemingly identical circumstances, and highlight the need for interventions geared to the specific needs of women caregivers.
The Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR).

PURPOSE The post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) has been quantified using four metrics, but the spectral sensitivity of only one is known; here we determine the other three. To optimize the human PIPR measurement, we determine the protocol producing the largest PIPR, the duration of the PIPR, and the metric(s) with the lowest coefficient of variation. METHODS The consensual pupil light reflex (PLR) was measured with a Maxwellian view pupillometer. Experiment 1: Spectral sensitivity of four PIPR metrics (plateau, 6 seconds, area under curve early and late recovery) was determined from a criterion PIPR to a 1-second pulse and fitted with vitamin A1 nomogram (λ(max) = 482 nm). Experiment 2: The PLR was measured as a function of three stimulus durations (1 second, 10 seconds, 30 seconds), five irradiances spanning low to high melanopsin excitation levels (retinal irradiance: 9.8-14.8 log quanta.cm(-2). s(-1)), and two wavelengths, one with high (465 nm) and one with low (637 nm) melanopsin excitation. Intra- and interindividual coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated. RESULTS The melanopsin (opn4) photopigment nomogram adequately describes the spectral sensitivity of all four PIPR metrics. The PIPR amplitude was largest with 1-second short-wavelength pulses (≥ 12.8 log quanta.cm(-2). s(-1)). The plateau and 6-second PIPR showed the least intra- and interindividual CV (≤ 0.2). The maximum duration of the sustained PIPR was 83.0 ± 48.0 seconds (mean ± SD) for 1-second pulses and 180.1 ± 106.2 seconds for 30-second pulses (465 nm; 14.8 log quanta.cm(-2). s(-1)). CONCLUSIONS All current PIPR metrics provide a direct measure of the intrinsic melanopsin photoresponse. To measure progressive changes in melanopsin function in disease, we recommend that the PIPR be measured using short-duration pulses (e.g., ≤ 1 second) with high melanopsin excitation and analyzed with plateau and/or 6-second metrics. Our PIPR duration data provide a baseline for the selection of interstimulus intervals between consecutive pupil testing sequences.
Outcome after lung cancer surgery . Factors predicting early mortality and major morbidity

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess mortality, complications and major morbidity during the first 30 days after lung cancer surgery and to estimate the significance of presurgical risk factors. Methods: The study was based on all patients referred for surgery for primary lung cancer from 1 January 1987 to 1 September 1999. There were in total 616 patients with primary lung cancer. Three-hundred and ninety-four were men and 222 women. Postoperative events studied were divided into major and minor complications or death during the first 30 days after surgery. The significance of risk factors for an adverse outcome (defined as death or major complication in the first 30 days postoperatively) was assessed by uniand multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: During the study period an increasing number of women and of patients older than 70 years underwent surgery. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9, 0.6% after single lobectomy and 5.7% after pneumonectomy. Major complications occurred in 54 patients (8.8%). Fifty-eight patients (9.5%) had an adverse outcome during the first 30 days. Male gender, smoker, FEV1#70% of expected value, squamous cell carcinoma and pneumonectomy were risk factors predicting adverse outcome in the univariate model. Pneumonectomy and FEV1#70%, were the only independently significant factors for adverse outcome. Only pneumonectomy was independently associated with an increased risk for early death. Conclusion: Our results show low mortality and morbidity after lung cancer surgery. However, patients with reduced lung capacity and those undergoing pneumonectomy should be treated with great care, as they run a considerable risk of major complications or death during the first 30 days postoperatively. Older age (.70 years) does not appear to be a contraindication to lung cancer surgery, but patients in this group should undergo careful preoperative evaluation. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Flocculation causes inhibitor tolerance in Saccharomyces 1 cerevisiae for 2 nd generation bioethanol production 2 Running title : Inhibitor tolerance through flocculation

12 Yeast has long been considered the microorganism of choice for second generation bioethanol 13 production due to its fermentative capacity and ethanol tolerance. However, tolerance towards 14 inhibitors derived from lignocellulosic materials is still an issue. Flocculating yeast strains often 15 perform relatively well in inhibitory media, but inhibitor tolerance has never been clearly linked 16 to the actual flocculation ability per se. In this study, variants of the flocculation gene FLO1 were 17 transformed into the genome of the otherwise non-flocculating laboratory yeast strain 18 Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-7D. Three mutants with distinct differences in 19 flocculation properties were isolated and characterised. The degree of flocculation and 20 hydrophobicity of the cells were correlated to the length of the gene variant. The effect of 21 different strength of flocculation on the fermentation performance of the strains was studied in 22 defined medium with and without fermentation inhibitors as well as in media based on dilute acid 23 spruce hydrolysate. Strong flocculation aided against the readily convertible inhibitor furfural, 24 but not against less convertible inhibitors, such as carboxylic acids. During fermentation of dilute 25 acid spruce hydrolysate, the most strongly flocculating mutant with dense cell flocs showed 26 significantly faster sugar consumption. The modified strain with the weakest flocculation showed 27 a hexose consumption profile similar to the non-transformed strain. These findings may explain 28 why flocculation has evolved as a stress response, and can find application in fermentation-based 29 biorefinery processes on lignocellulosic raw materials. 30 31 on O cber 7, 2017 by gest ht://aem . sm . rg/ D ow nladed fom
Breast Cancer Mortality After a Diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

IMPORTANCE Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or stage 0 breast cancer, often experience a second primary breast cancer (DCIS or invasive), and some ultimately die of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE To estimate the 10- and 20-year mortality from breast cancer following a diagnosis of DCIS and to establish whether the mortality rate is influenced by age at diagnosis, ethnicity, and initial treatment received. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Observational study of women who received a diagnosis of DCIS from 1988 to 2011 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries database. Age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, pathologic features, date of second primary breast cancer, cause of death, and survival were abstracted for 108,196 women. Their risk of dying of breast cancer was compared with that of women in the general population. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for death from DCIS by age at diagnosis, clinical features, ethnicity, and treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Ten- and 20-year breast cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS Among the 108 196 women with DCIS, the mean (range) age at diagnosis of DCIS was 53.8 (15-69) years and the mean (range) duration of follow-up was 7.5 (0-23.9) years. At 20 years, the breast cancer-specific mortality was 3.3% (95% CI, 3.0%-3.6%) overall and was higher for women who received a diagnosis before age 35 years compared with older women (7.8% vs 3.2%; HR, 2.58 [95% CI, 1.85-3.60]; P < .001) and for blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites (7.0% vs 3.0%; HR, 2.55 [95% CI, 2.17-3.01]; P < .001). The risk of dying of breast cancer increased after experience of an ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (HR, 18.1 [95% CI, 14.0-23.6]; P < .001). A total of 517 patients died of breast cancer following a DCIS diagnosis (mean follow-up, 7.5 [range, 0-23.9] years) without experiencing an in-breast invasive cancer prior to death. Among patients who received lumpectomy, radiotherapy was associated with a reduction in the risk of ipsilateral invasive recurrence at 10 years (2.5% vs 4.9%; adjusted HR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.42-0.53]; P < .001) but not of breast cancer-specific mortality at 10 years (0.8% vs 0.9%; HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.67-1.10]; P = .22). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Important risk factors for death from breast cancer following a DCIS diagnosis include age at diagnosis and black ethnicity. The risk of death increases after a diagnosis of an ipsilateral second primary invasive breast cancer, but prevention of these recurrences by radiotherapy does not diminish breast cancer mortality at 10 years.