Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of screw loosening in titanium and zirconia implant-supported abutments-an in vitro study

Background: Compare of the screw loosening in two different implant-supported abutments (titanium and zirconia) and the influ ence of repeated application of torque on the fixation screw. Methods: The torque of the titanium screw loosening was analyzed with two different implant-supported abutments: Titanium (n = 10) and Zirconia (n = 10). These screws/abutments were fixed for the test using external hex implants. A low-load robot (KUKA KR16 2) with a high precision torque sensor (Industrial Automation Technologies) and a square key were used to measure force of the reverse torque. Each screw/abutment was repeatedly tightened (TR1-TR10) on the implants with a torque of 30 Ncm. The reverse torque values were recorded in a database using Kuka System Software V5.X. The Mann - Whitney and the Wilcoxon test were also performed. Results: A statistically significant difference was not found only in the sample 3 (p = 0.05) in the comparative analysis between both materials (Ti and Zr). The mean reverse torque applied to loss the preload was 26.3 Ncm for Ti and 22.6 Ncm for Zr. The difference between the initial reverse torque (TR1) and final (TR10) was determined TR1 had an average of 24.8 Ncm (Ti) and 20.8 Ncm (Zr); TR 10 had an average of 27.4 Ncm (Ti) and 23.9 Ncm (Zr). Conclusion: The titanium abutment showed higher resistance to the loosening of the titanium screw compared to the zirconia abutment. The first preload applied tended to loosen more easily than the last torque applied in the same screw.
Basking in the moonlight? Effect of illumination on capture success of the endangered giant kangaroo rat

Abstract Bright moonlight is thought to increase predation risk for nocturnal rodents and consequently reduce their activity levels and capture rates. We examined the effect of moonlight on the foraging activity and capture success of the federally endangered giant kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ingens) in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California. D. ingens is adapted to open grasslands, a habitat type where moonlight should strongly influence its visibility to predators. Using a trapping data set of 11,353 captures from 2007 to 2009 and accounting for factors such as cloud cover, temperature, abundance of the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), plant biomass, trap acclimation, and trap effort, we found a consistently positive effect of moonlight on capture success. In foraging trials we detected no effect of moonlight on giving-up densities or time spent at seed piles. Our results suggest that giant kangaroo rats do not perceive a higher risk of predation in bright moonlight. Nocturnal rodents that rely on early visual detection of predators might benefit from moonlight as much as their predators do, thus resulting in no net change in predation risk.
Voyager 2 solar plasma and magnetic field spectral analysis for intermediate data sparsity

The Voyager probes are the furthest, still active, spacecraft ever launched from Earth. During their 38 year trip, they have collected data regarding solar wind properties (such as the plasma velocity and magnetic field intensity). Unfortunately, a complete time evolution of the measured physical quantities is not available. The time series contains many gaps which increase in frequency and duration at larger distances. The aim of this work is to perform a spectral and statistical analysis of the solar wind plasma velocity and magnetic field using Voyager 2 data measured in 1979, when the gap density is between the 30% and 50%. For these gap densities, we show the spectra of gapped signals inherit the characteristics of the data gaps. In particular, the algebraic decay of the intermediate frequency range is underestimated and discrete peaks result not from the underlaying data but from the gap sequence. This analysis is achieved using five different data treatment techniques coming from the multidisciplinary context: averages on linearly interpolated subsets, correlation without data interpolation, correlation of linearly interpolated data, maximum likelihood data reconstruction, and compressed sensing spectral estimation. With five frequency decades, the spectra we obtained have the largest frequency range ever computed at five astronomical units from the Sun; spectral exponents have been determined for all the components of the velocity and magnetic field fluctuations. Void analysis is also useful in recovering other spectral properties such as micro and integral scales.
FAS Behavioral Survey of Traits: Screening for Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol

The FAS BeST was developed by parents and educators of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome rating behaviors characteristic of FASD including; easily influenced by others, difficulty learning from experience, appearing and declaring innocence even when confronted with evidence to the contrary, and experiencing difficulties in other domains. The FAS BeST differentiates between children with PEA, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Porter & Andrews, 2004). The sample included 294 participants. Using the cutoff score suggested by Porter and Andrews (2004) the accuracy rates were 78% for FAS/E, 100% for controls, 85% for DCC, and 100% for ADHD. Reliability for the FASD BeST was established for all groups using split-half analysis. Criterion validity was verified using the Achenbach behavioral checklists (2002). A factor analysis indicated the FAS BeST denotes a general factor. The FAS BeST is a reliable and valid measure that is easily administered and scored. Children with PEA can be screened to determine whether further evaluation is warranted and differentiate between disorders with similar behaviors, enabling professionals to better serve the child and assist the care providers.
Interactions and phase transitions of colloidal dispersions in bulk and at interfaces

Recent progress in the theory and computer simulation of effective interactions and phase transitions of colloidal dispersions is reviewed. Particular emphasis is put on the role of the discrete solvent in determining the effective interaction between charged colloids, bulk fluid–fluid phase separation of star–polymer–colloid mixtures, and on interfacial freezing transitions of sterically stabilized colloids on patterned substrates.
Cultures Need Satisfaction and Well-Being : Testing Self-Determination Theory in Eight

According to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is a universal requirement for psychological well-being. We tested this hypothesis with college students in the United States, Australia, Mexico, Venezuela, the Philippines, Malaysia, China, and Japan. Participants rated the extent to which these needs, plus needs for self-actualization and pleasure-stimulation, were satisfied in various roles and reported their general hedonic (i.e., positive and negative affect) and eudaimonic (e.g., meaning in life, personal growth) well-being. Asian participants averaged lower than non-Asian participants in perceived satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and self-actualization needs and in most aspects of eudaimonic well-being, and these differences were partially accounted for by differences in dialecticism and independent self-construals. Nonetheless, perceived need satisfaction predicted overall well-being to a similar degree in all cultures and in most cultures provided incremental prediction beyond the Big Five traits. Perceived imbalance in the satisfaction of different needs also modestly predicted well-being, particularly negative affect. The study extended support for the universal importance of SDT need satisfaction to several new cultures. at UNIV OF IDAHO LIBRARY on April 8, 2013 jcc.sagepub. com Downloaded from 508 Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 44(4)
Prosthesis with neuromorphic multilayered e-dermis perceives touch and pain

A multilayered e-dermis allows a prosthesis and an amputee to perceive a range of innocuous and noxious tactile stimuli. The human body is a template for many state-of-the-art prosthetic devices and sensors. Perceptions of touch and pain are fundamental components of our daily lives that convey valuable information about our environment while also providing an element of protection from damage to our bodies. Advances in prosthesis designs and control mechanisms can aid an amputee’s ability to regain lost function but often lack meaningful tactile feedback or perception. Through transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with an amputee, we discovered and quantified stimulation parameters to elicit innocuous (nonpainful) and noxious (painful) tactile perceptions in the phantom hand. Electroencephalography (EEG) activity in somatosensory regions confirms phantom hand activation during stimulation. We invented a multilayered electronic dermis (e-dermis) with properties based on the behavior of mechanoreceptors and nociceptors to provide neuromorphic tactile information to an amputee. Our biologically inspired e-dermis enables a prosthesis and its user to perceive a continuous spectrum from innocuous to noxious touch through a neuromorphic interface that produces receptor-like spiking neural activity. In a pain detection task (PDT), we show the ability of the prosthesis and amputee to differentiate nonpainful or painful tactile stimuli using sensory feedback and a pain reflex feedback control system. In this work, an amputee can use perceptions of touch and pain to discriminate object curvature, including sharpness. This work demonstrates possibilities for creating a more natural sensation spanning a range of tactile stimuli for prosthetic hands.
Consumers’ Cognitive Lock-in on Websites: Evidence from a Neurophysiological Study

The objective of this research was to investigate neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive lock-in. Cognitive lock-in describes a situation in which a consumer has learned how to use a website, based on repeated interactions with it, with the consequence that more experience reduces the probability to switch to a competitor's website. A major reason for the reduced switching probability is that interaction with an unfamiliar website typically implies high levels of cognitive load. Researchers conducted an experiment measuring cognitive load while consumers performed online purchasing tasks. Results show that participants visiting the same website multiple times have different cognitive load patterns than participants visiting different websites. The former group rapidly moved from controlled processing to automatic processing, which is metabolically less costly, leading to cognitive lock-in. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
Finding the way to the top: how the composition of oceanic mid-trophic micronekton groups determines apex predator biomass in the central North Pacific

We updated and expanded a model of the pelagic ecosystem for the area of the central North Pacific occupied by the Hawaii-based longline fishery. Specifically, results from the most recent diet studies were used to expand the representation of the lesser-known non-target fish species (e.g. lancetfish, opah, snake mackerel) and 9 mid-trophic micronekton functional groups. The model framework Ecopath with Ecosim was used to construct an ecosystem energy budget and to examine how changes in the various micronekton groups impact apex predator biomass. Model results indicate that while micronekton fishes represented approximately 54% of micronekton biomass, they accounted for only 28% of the micronekton production. By contrast, crustaceans represented 24% of the biomass and accounted for 44% of production. Simulated ecosystem changes resulting from changes to micronekton groups demonstrated that crustaceans and mollusks are the most important direct trophic pathways to the top of the food web. Other groups appear to comprise relatively inefficient pathways or ‘trophic dead-ends’ that are loosely coupled to the top of the food web (e.g. gelatinous animals), such that biomass declines in these functional groups resulted in increased biomass at the highest trophic levels by increasing energy flow through more efficient pathways. Overall, simulated declines in the micronekton groups resulted in small changes in biomass at the very top of the food web, suggesting that this ecosystem is relatively ecologically resilient with diverse food web pathways. However, further understanding of how sensitive micronekton are to changes in ocean chemistry and temperature resulting from climate change is needed to fully evaluate and predict potential ecosystem changes.
Is perfectionism associated with academic burnout through repetitive negative thinking?

Academic burnout is prevalent among university students, although understanding of what predicts burnout is limited. This study aimed to test the direct and indirect relationship between two dimensions of perfectionism (Perfectionistic Concerns and Perfectionistic Strivings) and the three elements of Academic Burnout (Exhaustion, Inadequacy, and Cynicism) through Repetitive Negative Thinking. In a cross-sectional survey, undergraduate students (n = 126, Mage = 23.64, 79% female) completed well-validated measures of Perfectionism, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Academic Burnout. Perfectionistic Concerns was directly associated with all elements of burnout, as well as indirectly associated with Exhaustion and Cynicism via Repetitive Negative Thinking. Perfectionistic Strivings was directly associated with less Inadequacy and Cynicism; however, there were no indirect associations between Perfectionistic Strivings and Academic Burnout operating through Repetitive Negative Thinking. Repetitive Negative Thinking was also directly related to more burnout Exhaustion and Inadequacy, but not Cynicism. It is concluded that future research should investigate whether interventions targeting Perfectionistic Concerns and Repetitive Negative Thinking can reduce Academic Burnout in university students.
Seasonality of climate-human mortality relationships in US cities and impacts of climate change

Human mortality in US cities is highest on extremely hot, humid summer days, but in general, winter-mortality rates are significantly higher than summer rates. The observed winter- dominant warming pattern, which has been linked to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, has led some researchers to propose future mortality decreases, while others contend that increasing heat-related mortality in summer will more than offset any winter-mortality reductions. Because winter mortality is only weakly linked to daily weather, we examine the seasonality of mortality using monthly data for 28 major US cities from 1964 to 1998. Daily all-causes mortality counts are age- standardized, aggregated monthly, and related to mean monthly 07:00 h local standard time (LST) air temperature in each city. The climate-mortality seasonality patterns are examined for spatial and temporal (decadal-scale) variability, and the impact of climate change on mortality rates is inves- tigated after an approximation of the inherent technology/adaptation trend is removed from the monthly time series. Mortality seasonality varies little between most US cities with comparable climates. By the 1990s, monthly mortality anomalies were similar between all cities regardless of climate, suggesting there is no net mortality benefit to be derived from a location's climate. After removing the impact of long-term declining mortality rates, some statistically significant monthly climate-mortality relationships remain in most cities, with generally positive temperature-mortality relationships in summer and negative relationships in winter. Future mortality could be reduced with a winter-dominant warming but increase with pronounced summer warming. In each case, however, net future climate-related mortality rates are very low relative to the baseline death rate, indicating that climate change will have little impact in defining future mortality patterns in US cities.
Crashworthiness analysis of three prototype ambulance vehicles

This paper is an evaluation of the predicted safety performance of three USA prototype ambulance vehicles with aftermarket structural modifications. Expected safety performance was analyzed using existing and established automotive safety principles. Information on design and construction of the vehicles was identified, and evaluated via application of basic engineering crashworthiness principles and laws of physics, with a specific focus on countermeasure design for reducing harmful loading and injury causation potential in crashes or sudden decelerations. Data sources used for the analysis included: vehicle specifications, inspections, photographs, crash tests and published crashworthiness and injury mitigation literature.
On the Influence of Context-Based Complexity on Information Search Patterns: An Individual Perspective

Although context-based complexity measured as the similarity and conflict across alternatives is dependent on individual preference structures, existing studies investigating the influence of context-based complexity on information search patterns have largely ignored that context-based complexity is user- and preference-dependent. Addressing this research gap, this article elicits the individual preferences of decision makers by using the pairwise-comparison-based preference measurement (PCPM) technique and records individuals? search patterns using eye tracking. Our results show that an increased context-based complexity leads to an increase in information acquisition and the use of a more attribute-wise search pattern. Moreover, the information search pattern changes within a choice task as information is processed attribute-wise in earlier stages of the search process and alternative-wise in later ones. The fact that we do not find an interaction effect of context-based complexity and decision stages on the search patterns indicates that the influence of complexity on search patterns stays constant throughout the decision process and suggests that the more complex the choice task is, the later the switch from attribute-wise strategies to alternative-wise strategies will be.
Molecular signatures of host specificity linked to habitat specialization in Exaiptasia sea anemones

Abstract Rising ocean temperatures associated with global climate change induce breakdown of the symbiosis between coelenterates and photosynthetic microalgae of the genus Symbiodinium. Association with more thermotolerant partners could contribute to resilience, but the genetic mechanisms controlling specificity of hosts for particular Symbiodinium types are poorly known. Here, we characterize wild populations of a sea anemone laboratory model system for anthozoan symbiosis, from contrasting environments in Caribbean Panama. Patterns of anemone abundance and symbiont diversity were consistent with specialization of holobionts for particular habitats, with Exaiptasia pallida/S. minutum (ITS2 type B1) abundant on vertical substrate in thermally stable, shaded environments but E. brasiliensis/Symbiodinium sp. (ITS2 clade A) more common in shallow areas subject to high temperature and irradiance. Population genomic sequencing revealed a novel E. pallida population from the Bocas del Toro Archipelago that only harbors S. minutum. Loci most strongly associated with divergence of the Bocas‐specific population were enriched in genes with putative roles in cnidarian symbiosis, including activators of the complement pathway of the innate immune system, thrombospondin‐type‐1 repeat domain proteins, and coordinators of endocytic recycling. Our findings underscore the importance of unmasking cryptic diversity in natural populations and the role of long‐term evolutionary history in mediating interactions with Symbiodinium.
Literature review of 86 cases of mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma

Ameloblastic carcinoma is considered to be a rare epithelial malignant neoplasm of odontogenic origin occurring mainly in the mandible. Ameloblastic carcinoma has been a topic of controversy regarding management from past many years. We reviewed 86 cases of mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma from 1981 to 2014, on the basis of the electronic search of peer-reviewed journals in MEDLINE (PubMed) database. Age, sex, tumor size, treatment delivered, recurrence, metastasis, follow-up period, and dead/alive status are tabulated, and the data are analyzed. The mean age was 43.47 years with standard deviation ± 21.09. The age range was between 15 and 91 years, and male to female ratio was 2.18:1. Knowledge gained from the present review would help in establishing the best therapeutic options for ameloblastic carcinoma, and it also encourages the further reporting of ameloblastic carcinoma.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Microemulsion: The Effect of Nonionic Surfactants

A water-in-oil microemulsion method has been applied for the preparation of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Three different nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Igepal CO-520, and Brij-97) have been used for the preparation of microemulsions, and their effects on the particle size, crystallinity, and the magnetic properties have been studied. The iron oxide nanoparticles are formed by the coprecipitation reaction of ferrous and ferric salts with inorganic bases. A strong base, NaOH, and a comparatively mild base, NH4OH, have been used in each surfactant to observe whether the basicity has some influence on the crystallization process during particle formation. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray electron diffraction, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry have been employed to study both uncoated and silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. All these particles show magnetic behavior close to that of superparamagnetic materials. By use of this method, magnetic nanoparticles .
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women with and without Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—A Case-Control Study

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infections (UTI) during pregnancy may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are considered to be important additional risk factor for ASB and UTI during pregnancy. Aims: To investigate differences in prevalence of ASB and incidence of UTI in pregnant women with and without DM and GDM to inform ASB screening and treatment policies. Methods: Data from 214 pregnant women who gave birth during 2010 at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, Australia where cases were women with a clinical diagnosis of (G)DM and controls were matched on date of birth. ASB was defined as the growth of at least 10e5 colony forming units/ml of one organism or any presence of group B streptococcus (GBS) at the first urine culture collected during pregnancy without complaints of a UTI. A clinical UTI was diagnosed by the treating physician, in combination with a positive urine culture it was defined as culture-confirmed UTI. Results: No significant differences in prevalence of ASB (5.6% and 3.7%; relative risk (RR) 1.50; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.44 - 5.17), incidence of clinical UTI (4.7% and 11.2%; RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.15 - 1.14) or culture-confirmed UTI (2.8% and 3.7%; RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.17 - 3.27) between pregnant women with and without (G)DM were present. No association was found between ASB and UTI. GBS was the most common causative organism of ASB in women with and without DM (66.7% and 50.0%). Conclusion: In contrast with earlier research, no significant differences in prevalence of ASB or incidence of UTI was found between pregnant women with and without (G)DM.