Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHASER: An Innovative Satellite Mission Concept to Measure the Effects of Aerosols on Clouds and Climate

The formation of cloud droplets on aerosol particles, technically known as the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), is the fundamental process driving the interactions of aerosols with clouds and precipitation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Decadal Survey indicate that the uncertainty in how clouds adjust to aerosol perturbations dominates the uncertainty in the overall quantification of the radiative forcing attributable to human activities. Measurements by current satellites allow the determination of crude profiles of cloud particle size, but not of the activated CCN that seed them. The Clouds, Hazards, and Aerosols Survey for Earth Researchers (CHASER) mission concept responds to the IPCC and Decadal Survey concerns, utilizing a new technique and high-heritage instruments to measure all the quantities necessary to produce the first global survey maps of activated CCN and the properties of the clouds associated with them. CHASER also determines the activated CCN.
Aquatic wood -- an insect perspective

Immersed wood provides refugia and substrate for a diverse array of macroinvertebrates, and food for a more restricted genuinely xylophagous fauna. Worldwide, xylophages are found across aquatic insect orders, including Coleoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera. Xylophages often are specialised, feeding on the wood surface or mining deep within. Many feed preferentially on wood of particular species or of a particular decay class. Some of the most specialised genuine wood miners occur among the Chironomidae, and the fauna is particularly rich in Australia. Recent discoveries of unusual midges in Australia and south-east Asia allow speculation about the evolution of immersed-wood mining by Chironomidae. Subfamily Orthocladiinae contains many unrelated taxa with larval mouthpart modifications associated with gouging wood. Wood-mining chironomines, in fewer groups, mostly lack morphological differentiation. However, several early-branching clades of both subfamilies show radiation (diversity), and the condition can be inferred as ancestral, potentially associated with differential historical survival from cataclysmic extinction events.
Non-conscious Effects of Marketing Communication and Implicit Attitude Change: State of Research and New Perspectives

The article shows that many psychological effects of the marketing communication, sometimes called “non-conscious effects”, really produce implicit attitude changes. We show that the theoretical and methodological framework of implicit attitude is well adapted to study these effects and to open new perspectives to study the persuasion in a marketing communication context. On the basis of research conducted within advertising contexts, product placement and TV sponsorship, four types of non-conscious influences are examined: a) non-conscious perception of brands, b) low-attention and forgotten exposures, c) attitude conditioning, d) brand insertion into emotional contexts. While discussing the contributions and limitations of major research methodologies, we highlight new perspectives likely to further the progress of research. We open up new perspectives first to increase the ecological and theoretical validity of methodologies; secondly, to improve the validity of effects measure. At a practical level, we posit that the measures of effects currently used by advertising agencies and advertisers underestimate the effects of marketing communication campaigns. A third research perspective endeavors to better understand the links between implicit and explicit attitudes on the one hand, and behavior on the other hand. The article gives some basis to the field called by some people "neuromarketing".
Comparison of the Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Commercial and Natural Cinnamon Oils

There has been an increased interest in essential oils during recent years in accordance with new treatments against pathogens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contents and compare the antimicrobial activity of different brands of commercial oils with two natural cinnamon oils obtained from the barks. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of cinnamon oils were estimated using disc diffusion and macro dilution methods against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Klebsiella pneumoniae RSKK 574, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida albicans ATCC 033. The essential oils compositions were illuminated by GS-MS. Trans-cinnamaldehyde was the major compound of the essential oils obtained from the barks (C4 and C5; 92.3 and 90.1% respectively). The results of the commercial oils have revealed that these oils can be accepted as artificial oils. All the oils were showed antimicrobial activity in a range of doses thought to be from cinnamic aldehyde content.
Implementation of an Optical-Wireless Network with Spectrum Sensing and Dynamic Resource Allocation Using Optically Controlled Reconfigurable Antennas

This work proposes the concept and reports the implementation of an adaptive and cognitive radio over fiber architecture. It is aimed at dealing with the new demands for convergent networks by means of simultaneously providing the functionalities of multiband radiofrequency spectrum sensing, dynamic resource allocation, and centralized processing capability, as well as the use of optically controlled reconfigurable antennas and radio over fiber technology. The performance of this novel and innovative architecture has been evaluated in a geographically distributed optical-wireless network under real conditions and for different fiber lengths. Experimental results demonstrate reach extension of more than 40 times and an enhancement of more than 30 dB in the carrier to interference plus noise ratio parameter.
Paleontology and depositional environments of the Tatuí and Irati formations (Permian) in the Ponte Nova Farm, Ipeúna, state of São Paulo

The Parana Basin, located at the center-eastern South America, exhibits a thick succession of Late Paleozoic deposits. Two early Permian formations are present in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil: Tatui (the oldest) and Irati. Two members make up the Irati Formation - the Taquaral (the oldest) and Assistencia. This paper discusses the facies of the upper Tatui Formation and Taquaral Member, and their fossil content, mainly at the Ponte Nova Farm. This locality exhibits well-preserved outcrops of both units, with informative data on the facies relationships and their fossils. Crustaceans and vertebrates are presented at both the Tatui and Taquaral beds. Different facies were recognized at Ponte Nova Farm, based on lithosomes, fossils and their relationships. In this context, a complex six facies architecture displayed at this locality allowed the formulation of a paleoenvironment hypothesis for the generation of the Tatui Formation. The fi ne cross-bedded sandstone with subordinate planeparallel strata (facies 1) might have been laid down by a rather topographic mild coastal environment. Facies 2 is the result of low energy slack water subenvironment passing to facies 3, a high energy water system. The facies 4 is the result of an encroaching coastal environment over the continent. Taquaral facies 5 might be the result of a very high energy, body of water, becoming very quieter later, when facies 6 was deposited.
Psychological problems in adolescents and young women with eating disturbances

This thesis is based on the following studies, which will be referred to by their Roman numerals: I. Broberg, A.G. , Ekeroth, K. , Gustafsson, P.A. , Hansson, K. , Hagglof, B. , Ivarsson, T. , & Larsson, B. (2001). Self-reported competencies and problems among Swedish adolescents; a normative study of the YSR. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 186-193 II. Ekeroth, K. , Engstrom, I. , Hagglof, B. , & Broberg, A.G. (2003). Selfreported competence and problems among Swedish girls with eating disorders and a control sample, using the Youth Self-Report. Eating and Weight Disorders, 8, 274-281 III. Ekeroth, K. , Broberg, A.G. , & Nevonen, L. (2004). Eating disorders and general psychopathology: a comparison between young adult patients and normal controls with and without self-reported eating problems. European Eating Disorders Review, 12, 208-216 IV. Ekeroth, K. , Broberg, A.G. , & Nevonen, L. Eating related problems and general psychopathology in eating disorder patients and normal controls with and without self-reported eating problems. A three-year follow-up. Manuscript submitted for publication.
WATER DIFFUSION IN DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM ADHESIVE JOINTS

STRUCTURAL ADHESIVES ARE INCREASINGLY BEING USED IN THE AEROSPACE AND AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES. THEY ALLOW FOR LIGHT WEIGHT VEHICLES, FUEL SAVINGS AND REDUCED EMISSIONS. HOWEVER, THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEG-RADATION OF ADHESIVE JOINTS IS A MAJOR SETBACK IN ITS WIDE IMPLEMEN-TATION. MOISTURE DEGRADATION OF ADHESIVE JOINTS INCLUDES PLASTICIZA-TION, ATTACKING OF THE INTERFACE, SWELLING OF THE ADHESIVE AND CONSE-QUENT CREATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES. THIS MAY LEAD TO REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE. IN THIS WORK DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM (DCB) SPECIMENS USING TWO DIFFERENT ADHESIVES FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY WERE SUBJECTED TO TWO DIFFERENT AGEING ENVIRONMENTS. THEY WERE TESTED PERIODICALLY UNTIL THE TOUGHNESS OF THE ADHESIVES STABILIZED, WHICH MEANS THAT THEY WERE FULLY DEGRADED. AN ASSOCIATION WAS MADE BETWEEN THE TOUGHNESS OF THE ADHESIVE AND THE AMOUNT OF WATER THAT IT HAD ABSORBED. THIS WAY IT WAS POSSIBLE TO INDIRECTLY MEASURE THE WATER UPTAKE IN AN ADHESIVE JOINT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE WATER UPTAKE PROPERTIES OF THE ADHESIVES STUDIED, WHICH HAD BEEN DETERMINED IN ANOTHER STUDY. IT WAS FOUND THAT DIFFUSION OF WATER INTO THE STUDIED ADHESIVE JOINTS WAS FASTER THAN DIFFUSION THROUGH THE BULK ADHESIVE ALONE. A MODEL THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT DIFFUSION THROUGH THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE ADHESIVE AND THE ADHERENDS WAS PROPOSED.
Effect of family centered empowerment model on hemodialysis patients and their caregivers

Background : Hemodialysis is a prolonged process that affects all life aspects of the patient and his family including the physiological, psychological, functional ability, and lifestyle changes. The aim of this study was as to evaluate the effect of family centered empowerment model on hemodialysis patients and their caregivers. Methods : Quasi experimental design was used in this study. This study was conducted in dialysis unit in Tanta University Hospital. Fifty hemodialysis patients and fifty caregivers attending the previous setting were included in the study. Tools of the study: Five tools were used in this study; Pre-test data were obtained by using two socio-demographic data form for patients and caregivers and three questionnaires tools for self-efficacy and burden level. Empowerment intervention was given to the studied subjects then post test data was collected. Results : The majority of the studied subjects obtained low score level of self-efficacy in relation to (autonomy, self - integration, problem solving ability and seeking social support category) pre-empowerment intervention, while post empowerment, none of them fall in the same category and more than two thirds of them had high score regarding level of autonomy, level of self integration and problem solving ability. Most caregivers have low self efficacy pre empowerment. While post empowerment, more than two thirds and nearly one third of them fall in moderate and high level respectively. All caregivers obtained severe burden level pre empowerment while post empowerment 66% falls in mild to moderate level. Conclusions and recommendation : Empowerment of hemodialysis patients and their caregivers can assist them with the management of health-related problems and improve their self efficacy and decrease the burden level of the caregivers so the study recommended that before the beginning of dialysis therapy, health professionals should identify and explore patient needs and potential caregiver in the family of patient and established empowerment programs to prepare them for the task to be carried out, mainly in the initial phase of their activities.
Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice

[1] At the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) program's field site in the northern Chukchi Sea, snow and ice meltwater flow was found to have a strong impact on the heat and mass balance of sea ice during the summer of 1998. Pathways and rates of meltwater transport were derived from tracer studies (H218O, 7Be, and release of fluorescent dyes), complemented by in situ sea-ice permeability measurements. It was shown that the balance between meltwater supply at the surface (averaging between 3.5 and 10.5 mm d−1) and ice permeability (between 10−9 m2) determines the retention and pooling of meltwater, which in turn controls ice albedo. We found that the seasonal evolution of first-year and multiyear ice permeability and surface morphology determine four distinct stages of melt. At the start of the ablation season (stage 1), ponding is widespread and lateral melt flow dominates. Several tens of cubic meters of meltwater per day were found to drain hundreds to thousands of square meters of ice through flaws and permeable zones. Significant formation of underwater ice, composed between 50% of meteoric water, formed at these drainage sites. Complete removal of snow cover, increase in ice permeability, and reductions in hydraulic gradients driving fluid flow mark stage 2, concurrent with a reduction in pond coverage and albedo. During stage 3, maximum permeabilities were measured, with surface meltwater penetrating to 1 m depth in the ice and convective overturning and desalination found to dominate the lower layers of first-year and thin multiyear ice. Enhanced fluid flow into flaws and permeable zones was observed to promote ice floe breakup and disintegration, concurrent with increases in pond salinities and 7Be. Advective heat flows of several tens of watts per square meter were derived, promoting widening of ponds and increases in pond coverage. Stage 4 corresponds to freeze-up. Roughly 40% of the total surface melt was retained by the ice cover within the ice matrix as well as in surface and under-ice ponds (with a total net retention of 15%). Based on this work, areas of improvement for fully prognostic simulations of ice albedo are identified, calling for parameterizations of sea-ice permeability and the integration of ice topography and refined ablation schemes into atmosphere-ice-ocean models.
The abundance of (not just) dark matter haloes

We study the effect of baryons on the abundance of structures and substructures in a_cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology, using a pair of high-resolution cosmological simulations from the Galaxies-Intergalactic Medium Interaction Calculation project. Both simulations use identical initial conditions, but while one contains only dark matter, the other also includes baryons.We find that gas pressure, reionization, supernova feedback, stripping and truncated accretion systematically reduce the total mass and the abundance of structures below ∼1012M_ compared to the pure dark matter simulation. Taking this into account and adopting an appropriate detection threshold lower the abundance of observed galaxies with maximum circular velocities vmax < 100 km s−1, significantly reducing the reported discrepancy between _CDM and the measured H I velocity function of the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey. We also show that the stellar-to-total mass ratios of galaxies with stellar masses of ∼105–107M_ inferred from abundance matching of the (sub) halo mass function to the observed galaxy mass function increase by a factor of ∼2. In addition, we find that an important fraction of low-mass subhaloes are completely devoid of stars. Accounting for the presence of dark subhaloes below 1010M_ further reduces the abundance of observable objects and leads to an additional increase in the inferred stellar-to-total mass ratio by factors of 2–10 for galaxies in haloes of 109–1010M_. This largely reconciles the abundance matching results with the kinematics of individual dwarf galaxies in_CDM. We propose approximate corrections to the masses of objects derived from pure dark matter calculations to account for baryonic effects.
Regions and material flows: investigating the regional branching and industry relatedness of port traffics in a global perspective

This article proposes a quantitative analysis of the interdependencies between port specialization and regional specialization across the world. A global database is elaborated, covering about 360 port regions in both developed and developing countries. One goal is to verify how interdependent port traffic and regional characteristics are, in a context of increasingly flexible commodity and value chains. Despite the aggregated dimension of available data and the heterogeneity of local situations, the main results confirm the affinity between the primary sector and raw materials traffic, and between the tertiary sector and general cargo traffic, whereas the industrial sector offers mixed evidence. This allows us to address fundamental questions raised by both economic geography and regional science about transport and local development. The global typology of port regions points to certain regularities in their spatial distribution, and the article discusses the policy implications of particular cases.
Serum Homocysteine and the Short-Term Outcome of Ischemic Stroke

Background: Homocysteine is considered as one of the factors affecting the prognosis of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between homocysteine level and ischemic stroke outcome. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2010 and September 2011 on 145 patients with ischemic stroke in middle cerebral artery ( MCA) territory, after approval by Guilan University of Medical Science’s Ethics Committee. Patients with a history of stroke, brain lesion, liver or kidney disorders, pneumonia, sepsis and who had seizure at the beginning or during hospitalization were excluded. Uncontrolled diabetes, anemia and dramatic blood pressure reduction in admission were defined as confounding factors. In the first week, serum level of homocysteine was measured and the functional independence and status of patients were measured with functional independence measure (FIM) and Barthel index (BI) in the first week and first month after stroke. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests and backward stepwise logistic and linear regression analysis using SPSS 19. Results: One hundred and forty-five patients (55.9% men and 44.1% women) with mean age of 68.3 ± 13.8 years old were evaluated. Serum level of homocysteine was determined as an independent predictor for mortality in the first week (P = 0.017; OR = 1.179; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.35). No significant correlation was found between serum homocysteine level and BI and FIM in the period of study (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Homocysteine decreases mortality rate in patients with stroke in the first week but does not affect the functional outcome of alive patients. J Neurol Res. 2014;4(1):15-21 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jnr265w
CONTINGENCIES INFLUENCING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICE: A YEMEN-BASED EMPIRICAL STUDY

A significant number of management accounting studies have observed various levels of management accounting practice (MAP) adoption. Although academicians and practitioners have argued that advanced MAPs create value and improve the performance of their adopters, researchers have determined that traditional MAPs remain dominant in the market. This study aims to contribute to the extant body of knowledge on this topic by exploring the level of MAP adoption in Yemen and by examining the effect of certain external (environmental) and internal (organisational) factors on the level of MAP advancement. The sample firms include large firms that operate in various economic sectors in Yemen, such as manufacturing, financial, natural resources extraction and service, as well as medium and small firms to achieve sufficient sample size. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) framework on management accounting stages is used to classify the levels of MAP advancement. Competition level and structure type (level of delegation) significantly explain the variations in MAP advancement levels among firms in Yemen. A higher degree of competition and amount of delegations can drive firms to adopt more sophisticated MAPs. These results improve our understanding of why some firms invest in upgrading their management accounting systems and target best practices, whereas other firms tend to continue using traditional MA tools.
Sex differences in ecology of wild yaks at high elevation in the Kekexili Reserve, Tibetan Qinghai Plateau, China

Abstract Extreme high and low altitudes and polar environments constrain the distributional limits of terrestrial mammals. In Central Asia, vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau is limited at elevations above ∼5,500 m. Although aspects of the spatial ecology of ungulates are known across many ecosystems, logistical challenges slow the development of knowledge at the upper edge of life. We studied components of the distributional ecology of wild yaks (Bos mutus) in early winter 2012. Males and females occurred above 5,000 m, but the sexes differed socially and ecologically. On average, female groups were about 15 times larger, about 100 m higher (mean elevation 4,875 m), and in wetter or more rugged topography than males. Although females with and without young did not vary in elevation, groups with calves occurred more often in habitats with steeper slopes. An ecological surrogate and congeneric, the closely related North American bison (Bos bison), also exhibits social and ecological differentiation where males occurred historically at high elevation above tree-line habitats in the Rocky Mountains. What distinguishes the present ecology and conservation of wild yaks from bison is that opportunities persist for wide-ranging yak populations across unfenced landscapes in remote protected regions of the Tibetan Qinghai Plateau.
Solving nonlinear rational expectations models by eigenvalue-eigenvector decompositions

We provide a summarized presentation of solution methods for rational expectations models, based on eigenvalue/eigenvector decompositions. These methods solve systems of stochastic linear difference equations by relying on the use of stability conditions derived from the eigenvectors associated to unstable eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices in the system. For nonlinear models, a linear approximation must be obtained, and the stability conditions are approximate, This is however, the only source of approximation error, since the nonlinear structure of the original model is used to produce the numerical solution. After applying the method to a baseline stochastic growth model, we explain how it can be used: i) to salve some identification problems that may arise in standard growth models, and ii) to solve endogenous growth models.