Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Studies on Bovine Ephemeral Fever in Friesian Dairy Cows

The present study was planned to demonstrate the clinical findings, post mortem lesions of BEF and to study theeffect of the disease on blood picture including red blood cells, hemoglobin concentrations, total and differentialleucocyte counts as well as total serum protein, serum albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase in addition to Kidneyfunction tests as creatinine and urea and finally biochemical parameters which include the estimation of seruminorganic phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The study was conducted on 30 Friesian dairy cows from privatefarm at El-dalangat, Behera Governorate. 10 cows were clinically healthy and kept as control while 20 cows werediagnosed clinically and confirmed by immunofluorescent (IF) test as bovine ephemeral fever. The results showedclinical signs in the form of fever 40-41.5° C with waves of muscle shivering, fall in milk production andaccelerated heart and respiratory rates, depression, anorexia, ruminal atony, salivation, a generalized stiffness or ashifting lameness of diseased cows, recumbency occurring in Many animals for 12-24 hours with sever tympanybut are able to rise if sufficiently stimulated. Recovery begins after sever clinical signs disappear and earlyimprovement that fever disappears in most cattle. A range of complications occurred in five cases. Death occursuddenly in one case during febrile phase. Recumbency persist for three weeks in (2) cases and recovery from thelonger-term recumbence complete after three weeks and abortion occur in (2) cases in a late stage of pregnancy(eighth month of pregnancy). The observed post mortum lesions were pulmonary emphysema, alveolar collapse,exudate found in bronchioles and bronchioles became completely occluded by exudate, fibrin-rich exudate inpleura, pericardial and in the joint capsules and Lymphadenitis. A significant decrease (p<0.01) in RBCs count andhemoglobin concentration in cows suffering from bovine ephemeral fever. Also, there were marked leukocytosis,neutrophilia and lymphopenia, but Monocytes, eosinophils and basophil percentage did not seem to be influenced,In addition, total proteins, albumin, globulin, glucose, Inorganic phosphorus, calcium and magnesium showedsignificant decrease (p<0.05), while alkaline phosphatase activity, urea and creatinine increased significantly(p<0.01) in these diseased cows. It can be concluded that ephemeral fever in cattle has a range of hematologicaland biochemical changes in blood which are characteristic of an inflammatory response, These information willhelp to plane a strategy to decrease losses of the disease through effective treatment specially hypocalcaemia.
Ecophysiology of potentilla gracilis douglas ex hook (rosaceae): effects of night temperature and water stress on photosynthetic gas exchange

Plants in stressful environments have evolved strategies to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Potentilla gracilis, also known as Alpine Cinquefoil, grows in alpine meadows of the Rocky Mountains (USA), and is subjected to wide ranges of temperature, light intensity and water availability on a time scale of minutes to days during the growing season. Leaves often freeze to a brittle state at night, are exposed to high radiation while still frosty, dehydrate to wilting during the following light period, and then repeat the cycle the following day. The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of night temperature on subsequent photosynthetic gas exchange in P. gracilis. We used a photosynthetic gas exchange system to compare assimilation and stomatal conductance from light response curves of cold-acclimated P. gracilis following warm and chilling nights, and for plants at different water potentials. From the light response curves, dark respiration, light compensation point, maximum assimilation, light saturation point, and inhibition of photosynthesis were determined and were compared among the same plants under varying conditions. Assimilation and stomatal conductance decreased with the fall in measurement temperature, following chilling nights, and with the severity of water stress. Low night temperature and high photon flux density during the daytime, which are very common during the growing season in the field, cause a reduction in photosynthesis of the plant. The probable underlying damage during inhibition is likely repairable indicating protection rather than damage. The cold nocturnal temperature, with its less efficient biochemical repair capabilities, may partly be responsible for the reduction in assimilation of the following day. P. gracilis species exhibited persistent acquired freezing tolerance; substantial photosynthetic productivity over a wide range of light intensity and temperature; and significant tolerance of, and rapid recovery from, severe drought; making a maximum use of often challenging resources.
Liquid-liquid phase separation and fibrillization of tau are independent processes with overlapping conditions

Amyloid aggregation of the microtubule binding protein tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and many other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, tau has been found to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) near physiological conditions. Although LLPS and aggregation have been shown to simultaneously occur under certain common conditions, it remains to be seen whether tau LLPS promotes aggregation, or if they are two independent processes. In this study, we address this question by combining multiple biochemical and biophysical assays in vitro. We investigated the impacts of LLPS on tau aggregation at three stages: conformation of tau, kinetics of aggregation and fibril quantity. We showed that none of these properties are influenced directly by LLPS, while amyloid aggregation propensity of tau can be altered without affecting its LLPS behavior. LLPS and amyloid aggregation of tau occur under overlapping conditions of enhanced intermolecular interactions and localization, but are two independent processes.
Correspondence between population coding and psychophysical scaling models of working memory

A mathematical idealization of the way neural populations encode sensory information has been found to provide a parsimonious account of errors made by human observers on perceptual and short-term memory tasks. This includes the effects of set size and flexible prioritization of items within a set (Bays, 2014), the frequency and identity of “swap” or misbinding errors (Schneegans & Bays, 2017), subjective judgments of confidence (Bays, 2016; van den Berg et al., 2017), and biases and variation in precision due to serial dependent and stimulus-specific effects (Bliss et al., 2017; Taylor & Bays, 2018). A superficially quite different account of short-term recall has recently been proposed in work by Schurgin et al. (2018), who argue that taking into account the differences between physical and perceptual distance in a feature space reduces recall to a classical signal detection problem. Here I document a remarkable similarity between the two models, demonstrating a favourable convergence of neural- and cognitive-level accounts of working memory.
Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationship of ornate threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon (Perciformes, Nemipteridae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the ornate threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon, was first determined by the pairs-walking sequencing in this study. The circular mtDNA molecule was 17,115 bp in size and the overall nucleotide composition of H-stand was A (29.55%), T (27.36%), G (16.08%), and C (27.01%), with a slight bias towards A + T. The complete mitogenome encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions (an origin of L-strand replication and a control region). The Bayesian tree supported the phylogenetic position of N. hexodon, which provided useful information for phylogenetic relationship in genus Nemipterus.
Current issues in the physics of heavily doped semiconductors at the metal-insulator transition

WWHeavily doped semiconductors, in particular Si:P and Si:B, have been prototype materials for the study of the metal–insulator (MI) transition at low temperature, T . Because of the statistical distribution of donors or acceptors in the (usually single–crystalline) host, disorder plays a crucial role for the MI transition. In addition, electron–electron interactions are important as evidenced by the rather large corrections to the Boltzmann conductivity already far above the MI transition. Usually, the MI transition is investigated by studying samples of varying dopant concentrations, N , although stress tuning and magnetic–field tuning have also been employed. An issue of considerable importance which we will discuss in this review is the critical behaviour of the electrical conductivity, σ ( T →0)∼( N − N c ) μ , close to the critical dopant concentration N c , i.e. the exponent puzzle of μ ≈0.5 versus μ ≈1. The question of critical behaviour of the Hall constant will also be addressed. We further discuss the role of magnetic moments on thermodynamic and transport properties close to the MI transition. It has been known for some time that localized moments which of course are present on the insulating side of the MI transition, exist also on the metallic side. Only recently, however, was their influence detected on a transport property, namely the thermoelectric power. We review some of the salient features of local magnetic moments at the MI transition and report on measurements of the specific heat and magnetization on the same samples . The direct comparison of thermodynamic quantities allows a test of models for local moments at the MI transition. Finally, thermoelectric–power measurements together with electrical resistivity reveal strong differences between uncompensated Si:P and compensated Si:(P,B) on the insulating side of the MI transition, with evidence of opening of a Hubbard gap in Si:P only considerably below N c .
Ebony and the Mascarenes: the evolutionary relationships and biogeography of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) in the western Indian Ocean

Using analyses that exhaustively sampled Mascarene Diospyros and included representative taxa from Madagascar and other regions, we explored: (1) evolutionary relationships among Diospyros spp. across the WIO and (2) biogeographic connections of Malagasy taxa with those in surrounding regions, particularly focusing on connections with taxa in the Mascarene Islands. We obtained plastid sequence data for 146 Diospyros taxa, including 40 species not previously included in molecular analyses, and conducted Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses, divergence-time estimation and ancestral area reconstructions. Diospyros sampled from Madagascar fell into two clades, one of which contains all but two Malagasy species. Biogeographic analyses revealed that many clades probably originated in Madagascar and dispersed to locations in Africa and the Mascarenes, indicating that Madagascar may have acted as an important source of diversity for the region.
Evolution of increased vigour associated with allopolyploidization in the newly formed invasive species Salsola ryanii

A correlation between allopolyploidization and increased fitness is an explanation for the importance of allopolyploidy throughout evolution, specifically plant evolution. Although many authors have suggested correlation between allopolyploidy and increased fitness, common garden comparisons testing hypotheses about fitness shifts associated with allopolyploidy are lacking. In this study, we test the theory that allopolyploidy is associated with increased fitness in the newly formed allopolyploid weed Salsola ryanii. We conducted a common garden comparison over 2 years to determine how different fitness correlates (plant volume, plant mass and estimated seed number) of the newly formed allopolyploid species S. ryanii compares to its progenitors (S. tragus and S. australis) at a site within the range of all the newly formed allopolyploid and both of its progenitors. We document an increase in above-ground plant mass and above-ground volume in the newly formed allopolyploid compared to its progenitors. Plant mass and volume of the newly formed allopolyploid relative to its progenitors was dependent on year. The results of this study support the hypothesis that allopolyploidization is associated with increased growth, which is consistent with predictions that allopolyploid lineages experience vigour due to fixed heterozygosity.
Evaluation of Anthelmintics Resistance Against Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection in Awassi Sheep in Jordan and The use of Alternative Herbal Anthelmentics

This study aimed to uncover the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in middle and north Jordan and to check the in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of apple cider vinegar drench and ginger powder. For this purpose a parasitological study was designed, which used fecal egg count reduction test Two hundred seventy ewes were enrolled in this study, twenty sheep farms were enrolled in this study, which had concerns about anthelmintic efficacy. On each farm, 10 sheep were randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups and five for an untreated control group. Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and days 10-14 for worm egg counts and larval differentiation at 6:00 am at the time of milking. Based on the morphometric identification of larvae, Trichostrongylous 85% was the predominant species, Oestertagia 10% and Haemonchous 5%. There was resistant against all species in the used anthelmintic drug, the highest reduction was noticed in the Ivermectin group and the lowest reduction rate was noticed in albendazole groups. There was low resistance against ginger powder and apple cider vinegar which means that they have a strong anthelmintic effect against gastrointestinal parasites.
Prevalence of obesity, overweight and associated factors in female students of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Obesity is an unwanted result of varying behaviors and lifestyle. It is moreover the alterable factor for the growth of numerous enervate diseases. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence rate of obesity, overweight and associated factors in female students of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 200 subjects (females) with respective age 18-24 years study in The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Located in Southern Punjab, Pakistan). All subjects divided into two age groups. Group-I (18-21), Group-II (≥22). Subjects were screened through a questionnaire, which consists of questions about intake of breakfast, fruits, vegetables, red meat, fast food, meal regularity and frequency. The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were 7.5% and 9% respectively. The results reveal that there is the significant difference between taking in breakfast, red meat, fast food and meal frequency. But taking in fruits and vegetables does not show the significant difference. Meal irregularities and intake of unhealthy food were found as the major factors lead to obesity. Little sustained modifications’ in dietary habits and lifestyle can help to combat obesity.
fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension

Much research in cognitive neuroscience supports prediction as a canonical computation of cognition in many domains. Is such predictive coding implemented by feedback from higher-order domain-general circuits, or is it locally implemented in domain-specific circuits? What information sources are used to generate these predictions? This study addresses these two questions in the context of language processing. We present fMRI evidence from a naturalistic comprehension paradigm (1) that predictive coding in the brain’s response to language is domain-specific, and (2) that these predictions are sensitive both to local word co-occurrence patterns and to hierarchical structure. Using a recently developed deconvolutional time series regression technique that supports data-driven hemodynamic response function discovery from continuous BOLD signal fluctuations in response to naturalistic stimuli, we found we found effects of prediction measures in the language network but not in the domain-general, multiple-demand network. Moreover, within the language network, surface-level and structural prediction effects were separable. The predictability effects in the language network were substantial, with the model capturing over 37% of explainable variance on held-out data. These findings indicate that human sentence processing mechanisms generate predictions about upcoming words using cognitive processes that are sensitive to hierarchical structure and specialized for language processing, rather than via feedback from high-level executive control mechanisms.
Mitophagy as a new therapeutic target for sarcopenia

The article published by Arribat et al. 1 in this issue of Acta Physiologica has particularly caught my attention due to the emphasis placed on two important facts that have become a topic for recent research in the development of sarcopenia, namely, (i) the importance of mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle- aging and (ii) the distinct patterns of mitochondrial adaptation produced by exercise in a time-dependent manner. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Generative-Discriminative Framework for Title Generation in the E-commerce Domain

A Generative-Discriminative Framework for Title Generation in the E-commerce Domain Chuan-Yi Chang Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Marco Guerini Department of Chair Multi-Engine (system combination) Machine Translation (MEMT) systems produce several outputs which will then be refined to produce a higher quality translation output. In the case where source sentences are absent in the pipeline, the task of post-editing will be even more challenging. This is then analogous to finding a consensus token sequence of user-input source sentences, in order to remove any potential errors. In a similar setting, major e-Commerce sites contain millions of user-created titles for a large number of products. These titles are similar in nature to translation outputs from different machine translation systems. Listed in these sites are products that have individually numerous source titles created by different sellers. Target product titles could serve as an effective way with which collections of products can be clustered and displayed. At the same time, the continuous upload of user-created titles calls for the need for new target product titles on a regular basis. Since the creation of effective target titles poses a challenge, many e-Commerce sites resort to manual curation of titles. However, the process of creating target titles would amount to great costs since manual construction of these titles is both a costly process and one that is never-ending. On the other hand, selection of the target product title from the existing seller-created source titles would subject the title to potential errors in the title. Therefore, the idea of using a source titles as a replacement of the ideal title would be futile. In light of the above scenarios, we aim to investigate a robust system that takes as input multiple user-input source strings with potential errors, and generate a single high-quality target string. More concretely, our research is performed on collected source title sets coming from the domain of e-Commerce, in order to mimic the generation of high-quality human-created target product title. Thus, this thesis focuses on the idea of creating target titles given existing source titles. We propose a Generative-Discriminative framework which consists of two main components: (i) a generative feature-rich decoder that transforms the initial source title search space into one with better quality generated titles, and (ii) a discriminative attention-based rescorer that selects the best title among the generated ones to be the predicted target title. For the practical need of the automatic generation, we propose a robust approach that could generalize the supervised models to large unseen datasets. Moreover, we tested our systems in a bi-lingual setting and found that it performed competitively in both German and English.
Shared neural circuits: The connection between social and physical pain

Interpersonal rejection, exclusion, and loss are known to produce painful feelings (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003), but little is know about the neural network underlying this type of pain. Recent evidence suggests this social pain may have important neural connections with physical pain (Eisenberger et al., 2003). The current literature review explores the connection between social pain and physical pain in neural activity, individual differences (e.g., pain sensitivity), situation appraisal, social support, and pain reducers (e.g., acetaminophen). The review examines the overlapping pain system as an evolutionary adaptation necessary for survival (MacDonald & Leary, 2005). Authentic experiences of social rejection (e.g., bullying) are explored and offer new directions for research (Sansone, Watts & Wiederman, 2013), and opposing evidence supporting a numbing effect of severe social rejection is discussed (Berstein & Claypool, 2012). The review concludes with a synthesis and discussion about why understanding social pain is important.
Audio-visual authentication for mobile devices

Authentication is becoming an increasingly important application in the connected world and is driven by the growing use of mobile and IoT devices that use an increasing number of applications that require transactions of sensitive data. Security usually relies on passwords and/or two-factor authentication which are too intrusive for daily use. Biometric solutions such as fingerprints, voice, iris and retina are a good alternative to overcome previous problems. In this project an audio-visual identity verification is presented, where the use of multiple modes that can already be captured from most IoT devices (microphone and camera) make authentication robust to adverse conditions. End-factor analysis (i-vectors) with cosine distance is implemented as the main classification algorithm which takes into account variations within and between speakers. Mel Frequencies Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) are used as audio features, 2D-DCT coefficients of a single snapshot and Motion Vectors (MV) of the lips are extracted for visual features. Improvements combining different modes are shown using VidTimit dataset where the proposed algorithm achieves 0.7% of Half Total Error (HTER) in the test set outperforming single modes audio and visual by 9.5% and 6.4%, respectively.