Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional processing in obesity: a systematic review and exploratory meta‐analysis

The role of emotional functioning in the development and maintenance of obesity has been investigated, but the literature is poorly integrated. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to explore emotional processing impairments in obesity. PubMed, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO databases were searched in March 2016, yielding 31 studies comparing emotional processing competencies in individuals with obesity, with or without binge eating disorder (BED), and control groups. Meta‐analyses demonstrated that individuals with obesity had higher scores of alexithymia (d = 0.53), difficulty in identifying feelings (d = 0.34) and externally oriented thinking style (d = 0.31), when compared with control groups. On other competencies, patients with obesity, especially those with comorbid BED, reported lower levels of emotional awareness and difficulty in using emotion regulation strategies, namely, reduced cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, and greater suppression of expression. No evidence of impaired ability to recognize emotions in others or verbally express emotions was found. A general emotion‐processing deficit in obesity was not supported. Instead, an emotional avoidance style may occur modulating later responses of emotion regulation. Additional research is needed to extend the comprehension of these conclusions and the role of BED in emotional functioning in obesity.
Rapid Lump Examination as a New Aid to Speedup Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND Although most cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are curable, facial and recurrent BCCs require time consuming and labor-intensive Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) to ensure complete removal with optimal cosmetic results. To handle the skin cancer epidemic, there is an urgent need to speedup MMS. Recently, rapid lump examination (RLE) has been shown to enable quick histologic examination, but its usefulness within MMS is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of RLE for the detection of residual BCC during MMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two BCCs of various subtypes were evaluated by means of RLE and standard fresh frozen section (FFS) examination. For RLE, the freshly excised tissue was stained with toluidine blue and imaged with a stereomicroscope before being subdivided into sections suitable for processing into FFS. Fresh frozen sections were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin and evaluated with light microscopy. RESULTS Using FFS examination as the gold standard for the detection of residual BCC, RLE had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 83.8%, 94.0%, 83.8%, and 94.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION As RLE enables quick 3-dimensional visualization of surgical margins for the detection of residual BCC, it holds the potential to speedup histologic examination during MMS.
Simulation models verification for resilient communication on a highly adaptive energy-efficient computer

The utility of simulations depends on the confidence in the simulation implementation and its results. This study discusses the verification of the communication models in the parallel trace-driven simulation framework HAEC-SIM. As simulation input, a parallel application is executed and recorded on an existing HPC system. The simulation focuses on modeling the transfer times of point-to-point messages within the application and the indirect effects resulting in an output trace of application events of the simulated execution on a target platform. Consequently, via verification the message transfer times obtained with HAEC-SIM are compared with those of an independent implementation of the communication models. Both implementations consider the number of hops, the size and the target system parameters for each message. During verification the following factors are varied: application benchmarks, network topologies, mapping strategies, and resilient communication models. Verification yields an almost perfect agreement: the transfer times differ for a tiny percentage (0.00019 %) of messages by a negligible deviation of one picosecond, which is the finest granularity of the time data type. This result strengthens the confidence in a correct implementation of the communication models in simulation.
Hysteria and Hypnosis

Polysymptomatic female hysterics (Briquet's syndrome) are good or excellent hypnotic subjects with few exceptions, and many have multiple personalities. Furthermore, female patients with major conversion symptoms are excellent hypnotic subjects. The evidence supports spontaneous self-hypnosis as the prime mechanism in many patients with severe hysterical neuroses.
Governmental regulations for early retirement by means of energy expenditure cut offs.

OBJECTIVES Long-term heavy work impairs employees, and they may retire prematurely by law. We investigated the value of energy expenditure (EE) during work shifts as a means to define heavy workload. METHODS The study comprised 79 male [mean age 32.2 (standard deviation [SD] 7.5) years] and 33 female [33.5 (SD 11.2) years] employees in different occupations classified as "heavy work" (EE of 1400 and 2000 kcal for women and men, respectively). Cycle ergometry determined exercise performance. Gas exchange measures were performed during selected phases of work, and heart rate (HR) recordings were obtained for a complete work shift. EE was calculated from gas exchange measures. RESULTS Male and female subjects differed significantly for maximal power output (P(max)) [men=206.3 (SD 47.3) watts; women=149.6 (SD 36.1) watts] and maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) [men=2.965 (SD 0.63) l/min; women= 1.958 (SD 0.50) l/min] in the cycle ergometer test. Shift HR (HR(Sh)) was found between 102 (SD 14) b/min [57.6 (SD 8.5) % HR(max)] and 99 (SD 10) b/min [55.5 (SD 5.9) % HR(max)] dependent on tasks and groups. Working EE was found between 1864 (SD 732) kcal and 1249 (SD 609) kcal for men and women, respectively, but approximately 60% of subjects were well below the legal limits. CONCLUSIONS The legal definition of heavy workload by mean working EE per 8-hour work shift applies to all investigated occupations; however, a substantial proportion of workers may not fulfill the criterion if applied individually. Alternative definitions of heavy workload in terms of absolute oxygen consumption or EE relative to cardiorespiratory fitness lead to similar classification results of the investigated occupations.
Nutrition and infection field study in Guatemalan villages, 1959-1964. VII. Physical growth and development of preschool children.

This paper evaluated and compared the growth and maturation of preschool children in 3 study villages in Guatemala. Specifically this study sought to determine the extent to which the observed growth responses could be attributed to the nutrition program in the feeding village or to the program of environmental sanitation and health services in the treatment village. Sequential measurements of height weight skinfold over triceps and head circumference were made for all preschool children but those of height and weight were the ones concentrated on for the 5 years of the study. Head circumference although equal at the start of the study increased for the boys faster than for the girls in the 3 villages. Preschool children of both sexes in the feeding village had greater head circumferences than their counterparts in the treatment or control villages. However in all 3 cases these measurements were significantly smaller than for comparable groups in the US. Increase in skinfold measurements with age was similar for boys and girls in all 3 villages. For gain in height with age the general patterns in the 3 villages were similar although children in the feeding village tended to grow faster in height than those in the other 2 villages. Rates of gain in weight with age followed a similar pattern. Average age-specific gains in height and weight were less among children in the treatment and control villages than in the feeding village. The maximum growth potential was generally greater for boys than girls although differences were not significant. Estimates for maximum growth potential for both sexes do not differ among the villages. For weight gain in children under age 1 there were no significant differences between the sexes among the 3 villages in maximum growth potential or growth acceleration. Boys and girls (ages 1-4) in the feeding village have significantly higher rates of gain in height and weight. No significant relationship was found between days of illness and height or weight gain. Clearly children in the feeding village displayed superior nutritional status as seen from growth curves and data on bone maturation and head circumference. However they were still significantly retarded when compared to well-nourished children. Actually the nutritional status of children even in the feeding village was far from optimal due to the irregular consumption of the food supplement. Their better growth performance may have been due to the nutrition education program rather than the supplementary feeding. The 1st hypothesis that the nutrition in the feeding village would improve nutritional status was supported by moderate gains in height weight bone age skinfold thickness and head circumference. The 2nd hypothesis was not supported; that the introduction of environmental sanitation disease prevention and medical care would reduce frequency and severity of disease to allow for an improvement in nutritional status.
Microalbuminuria and clinical correlates in black African patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality as a result of its complications. Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus have been linked to poor glycemic control. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage renal disease in the developed world and third leading cause in Nigeria. Various independent risk factors have been identified as predictors of diabetic nephropathy. One of such factors is urinary albumin excretion. OBJECTIVE This study set out to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA), glycemic control and the relationship between urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and other known predictors of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients with disease duration greater than 5 years. STUDY DESIGN Fifty non-proteinuric patients were selected consecutively for this cross-sectional study. Urinary albumin concentration was determined in a timed overnight urine sample by immunoturbidimetry and glycated haemoglobin was determined using boronate affinity method. Comparison was made between the patients with microalbuminuria and those with normal albumin excretion and the most likely predictors of urinary albumin excretion were determined. RESULTS Fifty-two percent of the patients studied had good glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) while 83% had microalbuminuria (UAE 20-200 mg/min). There was no significant correlation between the UAE and the HbA1c. UAE however correlated significantly with the age and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the patients. CONCLUSION Almost half of the patient population had suboptimal glycemic control. There was a high prevalence of microalbuminuria amongst the patients studied. Significant predictors of UAE in this study were the age of the patients and DBP but not HbA1c.
Natal dispersal patterns are not associated with inbreeding avoidance in the Seychelles warbler

In this study, we test whether patterns of territory inheritance, social mate choice and female‐biased natal dispersal act as inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler. Our results show that Seychelles warblers do not reduce the likelihood of inbreeding by avoiding related individuals as mates. The occurrence of natural and experimentally induced territory inheritance did not depend on whether the remaining breeder was a parent of the potential inheritor or an unrelated breeder. Furthermore, dispersing individuals were no less related to their eventual mates than expected given the pool of candidates they could mate with. The female bias in natal dispersal distance observed in the Seychelles warbler does not facilitate inbreeding avoidance because, contrary to our prediction, there was no sex difference in the clustering of related opposite sex breeders around the natal territories of dispersers. As a result, the chance of females mating with relatives was not reduced by their greater dispersal distance compared with that of males.
Organizational climate and employee mental health outcomes: A systematic review of studies in health care organizations

Background: In recent years, the high prevalence of mental health problems among health care workers has given rise to great concern. The academic literature suggests that employees’ perceptions of their work environment can play a role in explaining mental health outcomes. Purposes: We conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to answer the following two research questions: (1) how does organizational climate relate to mental health outcomes among employees working in health care organizations and (2) which organizational climate dimension is most strongly related to mental health outcomes among employees working in health care organizations? Methodology/Approach: Four search strategies plus inclusion and quality assessment criteria were applied to identify and select eligible studies. As a result, 21 studies were included in the review. Data were extracted from the studies to create a findings database. The contents of the studies were analyzed and categorized according to common characteristics. Findings: Perceptions of a good organizational climate were significantly associated with positive employee mental health outcomes such as lower levels of burnout, depression, and anxiety. More specifically, our findings indicate that group relationships between coworkers are very important in explaining the mental health of health care workers. There is also evidence that aspects of leadership and supervision affect mental health outcomes. Relationships between communication, or participation, and mental health outcomes were less clear. Practical Implications: If health care organizations want to address mental health issues among their staff, our findings suggest that organizations will benefit from incorporating organizational climate factors in their health and safety policies. Stimulating a supportive atmosphere among coworkers and developing relationship-oriented leadership styles would seem to be steps in the right direction.
The impact of changes in HCFA documentation requirements on academic emergency medicine: results of a physician survey.

BACKGROUND The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) has dramatically increased documentation and procedural supervision required by faculty in academic emergency departments (EDs). OBJECTIVES To determine academic emergency medicine (EM) physicians' perceptions of the impact of HCFA documentation requirements (HDR) on teaching time, clinical efficiency, and job satisfaction. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was done using a survey of New England academic EM faculty from September to December 1999. E-mail surveys were followed by hard copy to nonresponders. Teaching time, clinical efficiency, and job satisfaction were rated on a five-point Likert scale. Yes/no questions about other possible benefits of HCFA regulations were asked. Frequency (95% CI) and chi-square analyses were performed. RESULTS One hundred seventy-four of 233 (75%) responded. Eighty-nine percent (95% CI = 84% to 93%) of the respondents thought teaching time was somewhat or markedly decreased by changes in HDR (somewhat 46%, markedly 43%). Seventy-nine percent (95% CI = 73% to 85%) believed clinical efficiency was somewhat or markedly decreased by changes in HDR (somewhat 49%, markedly 30%). Eighty percent (95% CI = 73% to 86%) reported somewhat or markedly decreased job satisfaction due to changes in HDR (somewhat 56%, markedly 24%). Twenty-one percent (95% CI = 15% to 27%) believed changes in HDR had improved patient care by requiring increased patient supervision. Forty-eight percent (95% CI = 40% to 56%) thought that changes in documentation requirements had decreased medicolegal risk by improving patient documentation. CONCLUSIONS Most academic EM physicians in New England perceive that HDR have decreased clinical efficiency, teaching time, and job satisfaction. These findings suggest that changes in HDR may have a substantial impact on many different aspects of emergency care provided in academic settings.
No Amelioration of Uromodulin Maturation and Trafficking Defect by Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate in Vivo

Background: In vitro studies suggested the chemical chaperone 4-PBA as treatment of uromodulin-associated kidney disease (UAKD). Results: 4-PBA did not ameliorate uromodulin maturation defects in two UAKD mouse models. Renal abundance/phosphorylation of several NF-κB pathway components was increased. Conclusion: 4-PBA failed to cure UAKD in vivo but deteriorated kidney function. Significance: NF-κB pathway was revealed as a potential target for UAKD treatment. Uromodulin (UMOD)-associated kidney disease (UAKD) belongs to the hereditary progressive ER storage diseases caused by maturation defects of mutant UMOD protein. Current treatments of UAKD patients are symptomatic and cannot prevent disease progression. Two in vitro studies reported a positive effect of the chemical chaperone sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) on mutant UMOD maturation. Thus, 4-PBA was suggested as a potential treatment for UAKD. This study evaluated the effects of 4-PBA in two mouse models of UAKD. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, treatment with 4-PBA did not increase HSP70 expression or improve maturation and trafficking of mutant UMOD in vivo. Kidney function of UAKD mice was actually deteriorated by 4-PBA treatment. In transfected tubular epithelial cells, 4-PBA did not improve maturation but increased the expression level of both mutant and wild-type UMOD protein. Activation of NF-κB pathway in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop cells of UAKD mice was detected by increased abundance of RelB and phospho-IκB kinase α/β, an indirect activator of NF-κB. Furthermore, the abundance of NF-κB1 p105/p50, NF-κB2 p100/p52, and TRAF2 was increased in UAKD. NF-κB activation was identified as a novel disease mechanism of UAKD and might be a target for therapeutic intervention.
A One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-Methamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy), an Amphetamine Derivative, in C57BL/6 Mice

3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is an amphetamine derivative and is a popular type of drug that is abused due to its effects on the central nervous system (CNS), including alertness and euphoria. However, life-threatening (brain edema, heart failure, and coma) and fatal hyperthermia sometimes occur in some individuals taking MDMA. In a one-generation reproductive toxicity study, the potential toxicity of chronic exposure of MDMA was investigated on the reproductive capabilities of parental mice (F0), as well as the survival/development of their subsequent offspring (F1). Male and female C57BL/6 mice were administered orally MDMA at 0, 1.25, 5 or 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) throughout the study, beginning at the premating period, through mating, gestation, and lactation periods. MDMA did not produce any apparent clinical signs in F0 or F1 mice, and produced no significant changes in body weight, feed/water intake, or organ weights. In contrast, administration of MDMA produced external abnormalities in fetuses, stillbirth and labored delivery, and diminished viability and weaning indices in offspring, but these data were not significant. In addition, physical development of F1 mice was not markedly influenced by MDMA treatment. Nonetheless, serum biochemistry markers showed that levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were markedly elevated in a dose-dependent manner from 5 mg and higher MDMA/kg b.w. , whereas levels of triglycerides (TG), potassium (K), and uric acid (UA) were reduced. Data suggest that MDMA may exert a weak reproductive and developmental toxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of MDMA is estimated to be 1.25 mg/kg b.w. /d.
Doxazosin in the current treatment of hypertension

Background: Evidence from various studies has shown that even a very small reduction in the blood pressure explains the majority of benefits in cardiovascular outcomes. Although doxazosin is a relatively old drug, it is a very effective add-on therapeutic agent. It has been used in a variety of clinical trials, including different groups of hypertensive patients such as diabetics, the elderly, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypercholesterolaemia, the obese or Afro-Americans and in combination with all major groups of antihypertensive drugs such as: calcium channel antagonists, diuretics, β-adrenoreceptor antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-2 receptor blockers. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the role of doxazosin in the current treatment of hypertension. Methods: English-language reports published in 1986 – 2007 were retrieved. Data extraction was based on articles reporting at least 15 or more patients treated with combination of doxazosin with other antihypertensive drugs. Results/conclusions: In these studies doxazosin in either standard or extended-release formulation was added as a second- or third-line agent. The two formulations of doxazosin, although chemically identical, appear to differ in some other effects. A large proportion of patients demonstrated a favourable blood pressure response with relatively few treatment-associated side effects showing that this drug appears to be a valuable add-on antihypertensive treatment option. Doxazosin reduces blood pressure and additionally influences other risk factors of coronary heart disease. However, it should be clearly stated that the clinical role of ‘beyond blood pressure’ effects of doxazosin are largely undetermined.
Fitting in to Move Forward

Social science researchers have increasingly focused on understanding the precursors to gender disparities favoring men in the physical sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (pSTEM). In the current work, we hypothesized that the core social need to belong explains persistence in pSTEM for women more so than for men. We conducted three field studies with data from close to 3,000 participants bridging a wide span of higher education levels and differing pSTEM fields. In each study, we found gender disparities on sense of belonging in pSTEM favoring men. Moreover, sense of belonging explained persistence intentions for both women and men in one study and explained persistence intentions and actual persistence in pSTEM coursework for women, more so than for men, in the other two studies, even after controlling for two conventional predictors of academic achievement (self-efficacy and exam performance). These results highlight the role of belonging in gender differences in pSTEM persistence and indicate STEM educators should strive to create inclusive learning environments for all students. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684317720186. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub. com/page/pwq/suppl/index