Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence in coastal waters and endogenous tidal swimming rhythms of late megalopae of the shore crab Carcinus maenas:implications for onshore recruitment

Previous studies have shown that newly released zoea larvae of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) exhibit ebb-phased tidal vertical migration rhythms of upward swimming associated with transport offshore in ebb tidal flows. This gives rise to the question as to how later larvae of the species return to the intertidal zone. Repeated surface plankton sampling in coastal waters revealed that megalopae, the last larval stage of the crab, swarmed in surface waters mainly during flood tides and particularly at night. It is likely that flood-phased upward swimming ensures onshore transport of the larvae. Employing an infra-red actography system, endogenous circatidal rhythms of swimming activity were detected in constant laboratory conditions in freshly collected megalopae from inshore waters. However, in such conditions, upward swimming occurred at the times of expected ebb, not flood. It is proposed that inshore flood transport of megalopae is driven primarily by exogenous factors, which result in swarming of pre-moult megalopae towards the upper intertidal zone where settlement of first stage juvenile crabs occurs. It is suggested that the ebb-phased endogenous circatidal rhythm of upward swimming is adaptive in reducing the risk of premature stranding of megalopae, permitting them to oscillate between the intertidal and near shore waters until moulting is imminent and a suitable substratum is encountered. Of megalopae collected in inshore coastal waters, and maintained in the laboratory at water temperatures close to those of the field, nearly 60% moulted in 2 d, 95% in 4 d and 100% in 7 d after collection. Since the average development time for C. maenas megalopae is reported to be 13 d, the data provide evidence that only late megalopae return to coastal areas.
SME Growth: The Role of Government Grant

The objectives of this research are two: to understand, if Government grants create favorable conditions for enterprises which mean to promote diversification process by increasing range of company products; and to understand if diversification strategy, stimulated by public grants, can lead to a growth of company value. This research is carried out through the balance sheets of the data-base AIDA and analysis of questionnaires submitted to a sample of 100 small and medium-sized enterprises located in Molise Region (Italy), operating in the agro-alimentary sector, and which benefited from public grants during the period 2007-2008. The analysis covering the period 2003-2014. The empirical evidence from January 2003 to December 2014 indicates a strong relationship between Government grant, strategy diversification and growth of enterprise value. It should be emphasized that present work limits its field of investigation to a few variables without fully addressing other elements of uncertainty that may adversely affect on SME’s EVA. This work will be useful to stimulate debate on policies to support SMEs. The originality of this study is the correlation between public grants, corporate strategies and added economic value.
Determinants of Dividend Payout Ratio: Evidence from Indian Companies

The present study analyzes the trend and determinants of dividend payout ratio of National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed companies in India. The study is based on 239 companies, which have continuous data during the period 1994-95 to 2012-13. From the trend analysis we find that the number of dividend paying companies has declined but the average dividend paid by them has increased manifold over the last two decades which suggests that the dividend paying companies have paid higher amounts of dividends in the later years. The dividend payout ratio varies across all the industries with the electricity industry having the lowest payout ratio and the miscellaneous manufacturing industry having the highest payout ratio. The empirical results suggest that firms with high free cash flow, firms which are larger, more profitable and mature, pay more dividends while riskier, more leveraged and firms with high investment opportunities tend to pay lower dividends. The dividend distribution tax rate imposed by government affects the dividend payout ratio positively. The market-to-book ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, free cash flow, business risk, age, size, profitability and dividend distribution tax variables are significant for the entire period of study. Whereas, the business risk, profitability and dividend distribution tax variables are significant for the entire period of study i.e. 1995-2013 as well as for the two sub-periods 1995-2003 and 2004-2013. Overall, the results are consistent with the pecking order, transaction cost, signaling and firm life cycle theory of dividend policy and we find a little evidence for agency costs theory.
Axe the Tax: Taxes are Disliked More than Equivalent Costs

Tax collection is critical for the proper functioning of society. However, many people strongly dislike paying taxes. Although this distaste could be rational on economic grounds, the authors show that this attitude extends beyond simply disliking the costs incurred and affects behavior in coun-ternormative ways. They demonstrate the phenomenon of tax aversion: a desire to avoid taxes per se that exceeds the rational economic motivation to avoid a monetary cost. Across five experiments, the authors provide evidence that people have a stronger preference to avoid tax-related costs than to avoid equal-sized (or larger) monetary costs unrelated to taxes. Tax aversion affects consumer preferences in a variety of domains, including standard store purchases, financial investments, and job selection. Furthermore, this tendency is most prevalent among people who identify with political parties that generally favor less taxation. Finally, encouraging participants who identify with “antitax” parties to consider positive uses of their tax payments mitigates tax aversion. This article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for consumer behavior research and tax policies.
An Information-Based Theory of Time-Varying Liquidity

We propose an information-based theory to explain time variation in liquidity and link it to a variety of patterns in asset markets. In "normal times," the market is fully liquid and gains from trade are realized immediately. However, the equilibrium also involves periods during which liquidity endogenously "dries up", shares remain in the hands of financially constrained traders despite gains from trade, which leads to endogenous liquidation costs. Traders correctly anticipate such costs, which reduces their willingness to pay. This foresight leads to a novel feedback effect between prices and the degree of market liquidity, which are jointly determined in equilibrium. The model also predicts that contagious sell-offs can occur after sufficiently bad news; a trade at a low price reveals information, which facilitates the trade of additional shares. Implications for efficiency and trade volume are discussed.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Perception of Organizational Injustice on Workplace Reactivity

Previous studies have not adequately examined, in a single model, how gender and perception of organizational injustice are related with revenge-motivated behaviors, especially in male-dominated societies. This study investigated the extent to which gender and perception of organizational injustice predicted employees’ tendencies to engage in workplace reactivity, which comprises organizational revenge, interpersonal revenge, interpersonal violence, and corruption in a sample of 703 (460 females; 243 males) employees. Results of the hierarchical multiple regression indicated that gender predicted employees’ tendencies to engage in organizational revenge and interpersonal violence; with males showing higher tendencies than females. There were no gender differences in employees’ tendencies to engage in corruption and interpersonal revenge. Employees’ tendencies to engage in organizational revenge, interpersonal revenge, interpersonal violence, and corruption significantly increased with perception of organizational injustice. Females who felt unjustly treated exhibited as much organizational revenge, interpersonal revenge, interpersonal violence, and corrupt tendencies as males who felt unjustly treated. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
Corrigendum to “Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka” published in Biogeosciences, 13, 1423–1437, 2016

In this corrigendum we report an updated pollen record from the Lake Ohrid DEEP site spanning the past 500 ka whereby we have reprocessed and re-analyzed 104 samples affected by chemical procedure problems that oc-curred in one palynological laboratory. Firstly, these samples were affected by the use of wrong containers, causing in-adequate settling of particles at the set centrifuging speed. Secondly, HCl and HF treatments were combined without the prescribed intermediate centrifuging and decanting steps. The inaccuracy in the protocol resulted in the loss of smaller pollen grains and in the overrepresentation of bisaccate ones in most of the re-analyzed samples. We therefore provide an updated set of ﬁgures with the new data and have revised the description of the results, discussion and conclusions reported in Sadori et al. (2016) where necessary. We stress that the majority of the original results and conclusions remain valid, while the records’ reliability and resolution have improved as 12 samples that had been omitted in the original study because of low count sums are now included in the revised dataset (Sadori et al., 2018).
Histoplasmosis in AIDS Patients in Venezuela

Histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, endemic in Venezuela, is the most frequent AIDS defining disease. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in these patients. The aim of this study was to review the demographic data, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and follow-up, of patients with diagnosis of AIDS and histoplasmosis, evaluated at the Medical Mycology Department, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, from 1994 to 2013. We collected demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data from each case. Viral load and CD4+ counts were recorded when available. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was performed by standard methods. Treatment and outcome was also considered. We found a high proportion of co-infection of HIV/AIDS and histoplasmosis, 39.42%, quite similar to other reports. The majority of patients, 149 (68.34%), came from urban environments. 155 had CD4+ counts below 150 cells/ mL. Out of these, 16 had previous ART. Adherence could not be established. In 79.8%, histoplasmosis was the AIDS-defining disease. All patients presented with a progressive disseminated disease. It is noteworthy that 9 (4.13%) patients were co-infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Finally, we believe that in our country, and what is more, in any other country in which histoplasmosis is endemic, it is necessary that clinicians consider the diagnosis of this disease, when they evaluate AIDS patients with fever, pulmonary, skin/mucosal, CNS or gastrointestinal manifestations and laboratory alterations such as cytopenias or liver enzyme abnormality. Physicians must be familiar with the uses and limitations of the current diagnostic tests available for fungal diseases.
The Removal and Disinfection Efficiency of Lime Softening Processes for Giardia and Viruses

BACKGROUND The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) was promulgated primarily to regulate control of waterborne Giardia and viruses. For surface water systems practicing filtration, the SWTR Guidance Manual encourages state regulatory agencies to assess the effectiveness of disinfection performance based on the CT concept: residual disinfectant concentration (milligrams per liter) multiplied by the effective contact time (minutes).
Zimbabwean Commercial Banks Liquidity Risk Determinants after Dollarisation

The government of Zimbabwe adopted a multiple currency regime in January 2009 after a decade of economic decline. The new regime brought with it benefits to the economy and helped restart financial intermediation. Despite these benefits, many banks are facing challenges of liquidity risk. This paper empirically investigates the determinants of Zimbabwean commercial banks liquidity risk after the country adopted the use of multiple currencies exchange rate system. To do so, panel data regression analysis is used on monthly data from March 2009 to December 2012. From the panel data regression results, capital adequacy and size have negative significant influence on liquidity risk. As size increases, liquidity risk reduces. Spreads have positive influence on liquidity risk. Non-performing loans have a positive significant relationship with liquidity risk. Reserve requirement ratios and inflation were also significant in explaining liquidity risk during the studied period. For commercial banks to manage liquidity risk there is need to pay attention to bank capitalisation, the size of the bank and on the differences between the deposit rates and lending rates. There is also need for improved credit risk analysis if banks are to have good financial assets in the dollarised environment.
Twitter as a social marketing tool : modifying tweeting behavior in order to encourage donations.

In the era of Social Media, organizations are attempting to use this type of communication for marketing purposes. For Cause Marketing, there is a lot of debate on whether Social Media can actually impact the donations raised for a certain cause. I focus on the impact of Twitter behavior by campaign organizations on the donations it receives for their particular cause. By analyzing Twitter data from ‘The Movember Foundation’ over their campaign in 2013. The variables for those analysis were based on Yang and Counts’s (2010) model on the diffusion of information on Twitter; The Tweeting behavior of the organization, the number of retweets the organization obtains and the donations Movember received per day. Results indicated that Retweets are a moderating variable between Tweeting Behavior and Donations. The Tweeting Behaviors impacted the amount of Retweets, and the amount of Retweets had a positive correlation with the Donations received that day. This raises the implications of how best to use this information in order to raise as many donations as is possible, though further research should be conducted on similar organizations in order to see if this model applies to all Campaign Organizations.
Abhinav International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management & Technology DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTENANCE OF EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE IN UNIVERSITIES - AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

The study vitally examines the development and sustenance of efficient governance in universities and the level to which efficient governance has contributed for the management in the universities. The specific objectives of the study were to; identify obstacles in implementing measures of efficient governance, identify and portray the steps taken in the development and sustenance of efficient governance. Under this backdrop, this paper is an attempt to identify and study the existing practices for the development and sustenance of efficient governance in universities and to broaden the horizons of existing knowledge about the practices of governance in university system. A qualitative research methodology has been utilized for gathering data for the present study. A qualitative survey has been carried out with various participants experienced in the field of higher education institutions and universities. Face-to-face questions were asked regarding development and sustenance of efficient governance in universities and acquire a thorough understanding of the problem. Questions were asked from the administrators like vice-chancellors, members of various boards and committees, registrars, deans, heads of teaching departments, other academic staff and also the students. The qualitative data was organized into separate categories and on the basis of which a perception has been developed about the development and sustenance of governance in a university system with the help of appropriate decision-making. The qualitative data gathered assume that the universities are governed by various committees and boards. Other findings were indicative of having various obstacles in universities which are restraining efficient governance. The conclusion suggested that performance of universities has been seen as an important factor so that their functioning is justified. The suggestions also indicate that higher education institutions like universities need improvement in governance so as to reduce the challenges posed by upcoming knowledge economy.
Phosphate Biofertilizer, Row Spacing and Plant Density Effects on Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield and Weed Growth

A field study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran to investigate the effects of phosphate biofertilizer, row spacing and plant density on corn yield and weed growth. The experiment was a factorial with three factors arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was phosphate biofertilizer (inoculation and non-inoculation), the second was row spacing (conventional (75 cm) and reduced (50 cm)) and the third was plant density (66,666 plants·ha–1 (conventional plant density) 83,333 and 99,999 plants·ha–1 (1.25 and 1.5 times the conventional plant density, respectively)). Results indicated that corn yield and weed growth were significantly influenced by row spacing and plant density. So that, corn yield improved and weed biomass diminished in response to increasing plant density and decreasing row spacing. However, phosphate biofertilizer had no significant effect on corn yield, whereas, weed biomass was notably increased when phosphate biofertilizer was applied. Overall, this study revealed that both yield and weed control in corn field can be improved by alteration of the planting arrangement.
ON - T SHY SETS IN RADON METRIC GROUPS

Let G be a complete metric group and T be such a subgroup of its Borel automorphisms group ( ) , G A which contains all left and right shifts of the G. We introduce notions of T cm and T shy sets and demonstrate that they constitute a σ ideal and coincide in Radon metric groups. This result extends main results established in [6], [13], [20]. For a Borel probability measure μ in a Polish group G, we construct the generator ( ) μ , T G of ( ), μ T shy sets which is quasi-finite, whenever the μ is a T quasi-generator. Using Okazaki-Takahashi result [23], we prove that, if a group of admissible translations (in the sense of quasiinvariance) for a Borel probability μ in a Polish topological vector space V is thick, then the generator ( ) ( ) μ π , V G of ( ) ( ), μ π V shy (equivalently, shy) sets is quasi-finite. For such a Borel measure , μ we construct a quasi-finite semi-finite GOGI R. PANTSULAIA 150 translation-invariant Borel measure ( ) ( ) , ,ν V π G which is equivalent to the generator ( ) ( ). ,μ π V G Also, we show that Okazaki’s dichotomy [22] is not valid for generators of T shy sets in . V By using technique of ( )B π cm and ( )B π shy sets, we solve negatively a certain problem posed by Fremlin in [9].
Operating performance of SMEs in Thailand after going public

Abstract This study investigates the operating performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand, in terms of efficiency and profitability, after issuing initial public offering (IPO) in comparison to their pre-IPO performance. A cross-sectional analysis is also applied to examine the impact of ownership retention and underpricing on operating performance using different measurements. Studies in most developed countries identify a deterioration in post-IPO operating performance; however, few studies have been conducted in emerging markets, especially on SMEs performance after IPO issuance for fund raising. The results of 82 Thai SMEs listed in the Market for Alternative Investment (MAI) during 2001-2014 show the decline of the operating performance for post-IPO issuance compared to a year prior IPO whic99h are consistent with the “window dressing” and “market timing” concepts. SMEs improve their revenue significantly after going public even though their growth is lower than the assets’ growth rate. The original ownership retention has no significant impact on the operating performances in different measurements which are inconsistent with previous studies. The original owners of SMEs maintain relatively high managerial ownership after going public thus there is less agency cost problem. Underpricing has a negative impact on the changes in sales for post-IPO relative to pre-IPO, reflecting that the expectations of investors toward companies’ revenues are different from reality. The findings benefit company owners and management in the area of performance sustainability, and regulators in terms of auditing companies’ performances prior to going public.
Allocation of Time within Italian Couples: Exploring the Role of Institutional Factors and their Effects on Household's Wellbeing

taly is characterized by a very uneven distribution of paid and unpaid work in gender terms. Italy has the lowest female employment rate apart from Malta in the European region, with a tangibly wide gender gap in employment and participation rates to the disadvantage of women. Furthermore, the female labour supply is very unevenly distributed across the Italian regions, and both institutional and labour market factors may be considered as lying at the basis of the high regional heterogeneity. This paper aims at understanding more in depth the uneven allocation of time by gender in Italian households. For this purpose we propose a model on the partners? allocation of time, that takes into account the simultaneity of partners? allocation of time decisions, as well as the issue of censored observations in some partenrs? uses of time. In order to estimate this model, we use IT SILC 2007 data that provides us with information on income and hours of work as well as on other relevant socio-demographic variables, maintaining the significance at regional level. This also allows us to analyze the contribution of institutional factors (like the heterogeneous distribution of childcare services in Italy and labour market differences) and interaction with various dimensions of wellbeing. Our findings suggest that an increase in women? s wages affects women? s working time, both by directly increasing women? s paid hours of work, and decreasing the time devoted to household activities and indirectly via a more equal distribution of unpaid work within the couple. The presence of children in the household tends to reduce women? s paid work, while having a positive effect on the time spent by the husband in paid work and on both partners? supply of unpaid work. We also note that the availability of childcare services represents the most relevant factor affecting women? s participatory decisions as well as their hours of paid work.