Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear resonances in an axially excited beam carrying a top mass : simulations and experiments

In this paper, nonlinear resonances in a coupled shaker-beam-top mass system are investigated both numerically and experimentally. The imperfect, vertical beam carries the top mass and is axially excited by the shaker at its base. The weight of the top mass is below the beam’s static buckling load. A semi-analytical model is derived for the coupled system. In this model, Taylor-series approximations are used for the inextensibility constraint and the curvature of the beam. The steady-state behavior of the model is studied using numerical tools. In the model with a single beam mode, parametric and direct resonances are found, which affect the dynamic stability of the structure. The model with two beam modes not only shows an additional second harmonic resonance, but also reveals some extra small resonances in the low-frequency range, some of which can be identiﬁed as combination resonances. The experimental steady-state response is obtained by performing a (stepped) frequency sweep-up and sweep-down with respect to the harmonic input voltage of the ampliﬁer-shaker combination. A good correspondence between the numerical and experimental steady-state responses is obtained.
Firm Dynamics and Finance: Distinguishing Information Regimes

We formulate and numerically simulate various dynamic models of endogenously incomplete credit markets that allow for moral hazard and unobservable capital/investment. We compare them to exogenously incomplete autarky, saving only, and borrowing and lending environments. We characterize the optimal allocations implied by the regimes from both cross-sectional and dynamic perspective. The paper develops computational methods based on mechanism design theory and linear programming methods that are used to structurally estimate, compare and distinguish between the structural models. Our results match several stylized facts from the empirical firm dynamic literature as listed by Cooley and Quadrini, 1999. The compared financing regimes are demonstrated to differ significantly in qualitative and/or quantitative sense with respect to their implications for investment, consumption, financial flows, and insurance in cross-section, transitions, and long-run outcomes.
A search for line intensity enhancements in the far-UV spectra of active late-type stars arising from opacity

Context. Radiative transfer calculations have predicted intensity enhancements for optically thick emission lines, as opposed to the normal intensity reductions, for astrophysical plasmas under certain conditions. In particular, the results are predicted to be dependent both on the geometry of the emitting plasma and the orientation of the observer. Hence in principle the detection of intensity enhancement may provide a way of determining the geometry of an unresolved astronomical source. Aims. To investigate such enhancements we have analysed a sample of active late-type stars observed in the far ultraviolet spectral region. Methods. Emission lines of O vi in the FUSE satellite spectra ofEri, II Peg and Prox Cen were searched for intensity enhancements due to opacity. Results. We have found strong evidence for line intensity enhancements due to opacity during active or flare-like activity for all three stars. The O vi 1032/1038 line intensity ratios, predicted to have a value of 2.0 in the optically thin case, are found to be up to ∼30% larger during several orbital phases. Conclusions. Our measurements, combined with radiative transfer models, allow us to constrain both the geometry of the O vi emitting regions in our stellar sources and the orientation of the observer. A spherical emitting plasma can be ruled out, as this would lead to no intensity enhancement. In addition, the theory tells us that the line-of-sight to the plasma must be close to perpendicular to its surface, as observations at small angles to the surface lead to either no intensity enhancement or the usual line intensity decrease over the optically thin value. For the future, we outline a laboratory experiment, that could be undertaken with current facilities, which would provide an unequivocal test of predictions of line intensity enhancement due to opacity, in particular the dependence on plasma geometry.
The effects of larval diet on adult life-history traits of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

This study was funded by a contract between the company Flysoil S.L. and the University of Alicante (FLYSOIL 2-09I), the scholarship sub-programme Torres Quevedo 2010–2012 (Ministry of Innovation and Science 2012) and partially by the projects GRE09-27 (University of Alicante) and GV/2011/039 (Generalitat Valenciana).
Quasi-exact solution to the Dirac equation for the hyperbolic-secant potential

We analyze bound modes of two-dimensional massless Dirac fermions confined within a hyperbolic secant potential, which provides a good fit for potential profiles of existing top-gated graphene structures. We show that bound states of both positive and negative energies exist in the energy spectrum and that there is a threshold value of the characteristic potential strength for which the first mode appears. Analytical solutions are presented in several limited cases and supercriticality is discussed.
Management of Intussusception in Children

Background: Intussusception is an invagination of one segment of intestine (the intussusceptum) into another segment of intestine (the intussuscipiens) , commonly in a proximal to distal direction. The commonest area to be affected is the ileum intussuscepting into the cecum and ascending colon. Intussusception is a frequent cause of bowel obstruction in infants & children. Aims of the study: To describe the clinical presentation & management of intussusception cases admitted to the Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad for the period from January 2008 to January 2010. Patients & methods: This study was conducted by patient's relative interview in Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad for the period from January 2008 to January 2010 . All patients were under (12) years old who were admitted and underwent surgical interference & followed up under the study group, This study for analyzing (80) infants & children. Results: Intussusception was rank as a second most common surgical emergency in pediatric age group (20%) coming after acute appendicitis (35%) among total admission of 400 cases as emergency to our pediatric surgical unit during a period of our study. The peak incidence was between 6 months to 2 years of age & occurred in 55 patients (68.75%), also there was a seasonal variation with increased incidence in spring & winter which correlated with increased episodes of respiratory tract infection & viral gastroenteritis. Thirty-five patients (43.75%) have had duration of symptoms less than 24 hours while forty-one patients (51.25%) had duration of symptoms from one day to one week. Male affected more than the female (50 male: 30 female patients) in ratio of male to female (1.7 : 1). Conclusions: Intussusception is the second common surgical emergency in pediatric age group especially between 6 month – 2 year (which is the typical age group for intussusception). idiopathic type was the commonest type while Meckel's diverticulum considered as the commonest pathological lead point for secondary intussusception which required surgical resection. Recommendations: Early diagnosis and surgical interference are vital in management of intussusception to preserve the bowel & decrease morbidity & mortality.
Adaptation to Antiangiogenic Treatment in Glioblastoma Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy Promotes Tumor Cell Survival and Updated

Antiangiogenic therapy leads to devascularization that limits tumor growth. However, the benefits of angiogenesis inhibitors are typically transient and resistance often develops. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that hypoxia caused by antiangiogenic therapy induces tumor cell autophagy as a cytoprotective adaptive response, thereby promoting treatment resistance. Hypoxia-induced autophagy was dependent on signaling through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a)/AMPK pathway, and treatment of hypoxic cells with autophagy inhibitors caused a shift from autophagic to apoptotic cell death in vitro. In glioblastomas, clinically resistant to the VEGF-neutralizing antibody bevacizumab, increased regions of hypoxia and higher levels of autophagy-mediating BNIP3 were found when compared with pretreatment specimens from the same patients. When treated with bevacizumab alone, human glioblastoma xenografts showed increased BNIP3 expression and hypoxia-associated growth, which could be prevented by addition of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. In vivo targeting of the essential autophagy gene ATG7 also disrupted tumor growth when combined with bevacizumab treatment. Together, our findings elucidate a novel mechanism of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in which hypoxia-mediated autophagy promotes tumor cell survival. One strong implication of our findings is that autophagy inhibitors may help prevent resistance to antiangiogenic therapy used in the clinic. Cancer Res; 72(7);
Impact of horizontal resolution on the regional climate simulations of the summer 1998 extreme rainfall along the Yangtze River Basin

[1] In this study, the effects of varying horizontal grid resolutions on the regional climate model (RCM) simulation of the summer 1998 extreme rainfall events along the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze‐River Basin (YRB‐ML) are examined using the Pennsylvania State University‐National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (i.e., MM5). Results show that the MM5 simulation with the finest grid size of 4 km reproduces reasonably well the rainfall intensity and rainbelt distribution over the YRB‐ML during all the Meiyu phases, whereas lower‐resolution simulations tend to shift the east‐west‐oriented major rainbelt southwestward as a result of the generated local storms and excessive rainfall during the second Meiyu rainy phase in which vertical (horizontal) wind shears are weak (strong). The excessive rainfall occurs during the evening hours when the low‐level jet is relatively strong and in the Meiyu frontal zone where convergence of warm and moist air is pronounced. Results reveal the importance of incorporating convective parameterizations in removing potential instability in heavy rain‐producing storms even for RCMs with 3–5 km horizontal resolutions. It is highly desirable to use higher‐resolution models with realistic parameterized and grid‐scale cloud physics schemes to study the regional climate of heavy rainfall events.
Understanding people's science movement in India: from the vantage of social movement perspective

It hardly needs emphasis that People’s Science Movements (PSMs) in India have been very unique and such movements are not witnessed yet elsewhere although science popularization / science com-munication movements were witnessed in USA, Europe and Australia. As a study of unique social phenomenon catching up our academic fascination, the paper ﬁ rst tried to characterize the phenom-enon of PSM; second, tried to locate such a phenomenon in its socio-historical contexts. Lastly, the phenomenon is empirically studied through the analysis of ﬁ ve extensive case studies of various types of People’s Science Movement Organizations (PSMOs) from the view point of social movement per-spective, i. e. Resource mobilization theory.
Ethnobotany of Colorant Plants in Ethnic Communities in NorthernVietnam

Vietnam is the tropical country, which includes 12,000 flowering plant species in its flora. And Vietnam is a homeland of 54 ethnic minorities with a broad range of experience in using plants for dyeing, especially for food.As a result 43 species belonging to 24 families giving a dye for food were identified. Ethnic people have abundant knowledge in using plants for dyeing food such as processing, preparation, mixing plants to require colors. In the framework of this study, we report on the traditional colorant species in Northern Vietnam and the value of indigenous knowledge in processing and blending plants to achieve required colors.
Maximizing the quality factor to mode volume ratio for ultra-small photonic crystal cavities

Small manufacturing-tolerant photonic crystal cavities are systematically designed using topology optimization to enhance the ratio between the quality factor and mode volume, Q / V. For relaxed manufacturing tolerance, a cavity with a bow-tie shape is obtained which confines light beyond the diffraction limit into a deep-subwavelength volume. Imposition of a small manufacturing tolerance still results in efficient designs, however, with diffraction-limited confinement. Inspired by numerical results, an elliptic ring grating cavity concept is extracted via geometric fitting. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that for small sizes, topology-optimized cavities enhance the Q/V-ratio by up to two orders of magnitude relative to standard L1 cavities and more than one order of magnitude relative to shape-optimized L1 cavities. An increase in cavity size can enhance the Q/V-ratio by an increase in the Q-factor without a significant increase in V. Comparison between optimized and reference cavities illustrates that significant reduction of V requires big topological changes in the cavity.Small manufacturing-tolerant photonic crystal cavities are systematically designed using topology optimization to enhance the ratio between the quality factor and mode volume, Q / V. For relaxed manufacturing tolerance, a cavity with a bow-tie shape is obtained which confines light beyond the diffraction limit into a deep-subwavelength volume. Imposition of a small manufacturing tolerance still results in efficient designs, however, with diffraction-limited confinement. Inspired by numerical results, an elliptic ring grating cavity concept is extracted via geometric fitting. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that for small sizes, topology-optimized cavities enhance the Q/V-ratio by up to two orders of magnitude relative to standard L1 cavities and more than one order of magnitude relative to shape-optimized L1 cavities. An increase in cavity size can enhance the Q/V-ratio by an increase in the Q-factor without a significant increase in V. Comparison between optimized and reference cavities illustrates .
Entanglement and Shannon entropies in low-dimensional quantum systems

La premiere partie de ce memoire traite de l'intrication quantique (entropie de Von Neumann) dans certains systemes bidimensionnels. Il s'agit de fonctions d'onde de type Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK), construites a partir des poids de Boltzmann d'un modele classique (modele de dimeres, de vertex ou de spins d'Ising par exemple). Nous montrons comment le spectre des matrices densite reduites de ces etats s'obtient a partir des probabilites du modele classique sous-jacent. Cette observation permet de calculer numeriquement l'entropie d'intrication dans de grands systemes, et en particulier de tester la presence de constantes sous-dominantes universelles dans le cas d'un liquide (de dimeres) topologique de type Z_2 (construction de Kitaev-Preskill & Levin-Wen) et dans le cas d'une fonction d'onde critique (dimeres sur reseaux bipartites). Si le systeme est un cylindre infiniment long et que le sous-systeme considere est un demi-cylindre infini, le spectre de la matrice densite reduite peut se calculer plus simplement encore, par matrice de transfert. L'entropie d'intrication entre les deux moities du systeme apparait alors comme l'entropie de Shannon associee aux probabilites des differentes configurations des degres de liberte qui se trouvent a la frontiere (un cercle). Ceci nous conduit a considerer l'entropie de Shannon (et ses generalisations de type Renyi) d'une fonction d'onde a N corps en tant que telle – independamment de son lien eventuel avec l'intrication quantique d'un etat RK en dimension superieure. Nous etudions les contributions universelles de cette entropie dans trois cas: 1) les liquides de Tomonaga-Luttinger, cadre dans lequel nous etablissons un lien entre l'entropie de Shannon-Renyi et des problemes de theories conformes avec bords, et calculons exactement les termes universels de l'entropie en fonction du parametre de Luttinger et de l'indice de Renyi; 2) la chaine d'Ising critique en champ transverse, pour laquelle nos simulations numeriques montrent la presence d'une transition de phase a n=1 (indice de Renyi), qui reste mal comprise theoriquement, et pour laquelle une approche par methode des repliques semble inadaptee; et enfin 3) des systemes bidimensionnels avec symetrie continue spontanement brisee, ou nous expliquons par un argument de champ libre (et de tour d'etats) la presence de termes en log(L) dans l'entropie, comme recemment observe par simulations Monte-Carlo quantique.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Biofilm Forming and Biofilm Non Forming Enterococci Species

Background and objectives: Enterococci, once considered as normal commensal flora in oral cavity, intestines and genital tract of humans and animals have emerged as major opportunistic pathogens. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of Enterococci species. Bacteria within biofilm are more resistant than their free living counterpart.Hencethis study was conducted to detect the biofilm formation by Enterococci isolates from our hospital and to compare the antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm forming and nonbiofilm forming species. Materials and methods:Speciation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for isolated Enterococci according to standard microbiological techniques. Biofilm formation was tested by Congo Red agar method, Tube method and Tissue culture plate method. Results: A total of 78 Enterococci isolates [64 were from urine, 10 from pus and 4 from blood] were collected. E.faecalis [n=58] and E. faecium [n=20] were the two species isolated in our study. Biofilm forming Enterococci was 53 strains [68%] and 25 [32%] were biofilm non producers. E. faecalis[81%] has the highest rate of biofilm formation than E.faecium [30%]. Conclusion:Biofilm producing isolates were less sensitive to antibiotics than biofilm non formers.
The role of tides in beach cusp development

[1] Field measurements of morphology and swash flow during three episodes of beach cusp development indicate that tides modulate the height and cross-shore position of beach cusps. During rising tide, beach cusp height decreases as embayments accrete more than horns and the cross-shore extent of beach cusps decreases. During falling tide, beach cusp height increases as embayments erode more than horns and cross-shore extent increases. A numerical model for beach cusp formation based on self-organization, extended to include the effects of morphological smoothing seaward of the swash front and infiltration into the beach, reproduces the observed spacing, position, and tidal modulation. During rising tide, water particles simulating swash infiltrate, preferentially in embayments, causing enhanced deposition. During falling tide, exfiltration of water particles combined with diversion of swash from horns causes enhanced erosion in embayments. Smoothing of beach morphology in the swash zone seaward of the swash front and in the shallow surf zone accounts for most of the observed tidal modulation, even in the absence of infiltration and exfiltration. Despite the qualitative, and in some cases quantitative, agreement of the model and measurements, the model fails to reproduce observed large deviations of horn orientation from shore normal, some aspects of beach cusp shape, and deviations from the basic tidal modulation, possibly because of the simplified parameterization of cross-shore sediment transport and the neglect of the effects of sea surface gradients on flow. INDEX TERMS: 4546 Oceanography: Physical: Nearshore processes; 4255 Oceanography: General: Numerical modeling; 3220 Mathematical Geophysics: Nonlinear dynamics; KEYWORDS: beach cusp, tides, infiltration, exfiltration, erosion
Gender Representation in Different Languages and Grammatical Marking on Pronouns: When Beauticians, Musicians, and Mechanics Remain Men

Gygax, Gabriel, Sarrasin, Oakhill, and Garnham (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form) but is based on stereotypical information in English. In this study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three languages, pronouns differ in their grammatical gender marking: The English they is gender neutral, the French ils is masculine, and the German sie, although interpretable as generic, is morphologically feminine. Including a later pronominal reference to a group of people introduced by a plural role name significantly altered the masculine role name's grammatical influence only in German, suggesting that grammatical cues that match (as in French) do not have a cumulative impact on the gender representation, whereas grammatical cues that mismatch (as in German) do counteract one another. These effects indicate that subtle morphological relations between forms actually used in a sentence and other forms have an immediate impact on language processing, although information about the other forms is not necessary for comprehension and may, in some cases, be detrimental to it.
Use of Duckweed, Lemna minor, as a Protein Feedstuff in Practical Diets for Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Fry

The use of dried duckweed, Lemna minor, as a dietary protein source for Cyprinus carpio common carp fry reared in baskets was the topic of investigation in this study. Five diets with similar E:P ratios were fed to common carp fry with an average initial weight of 0.29 g for 90 days. A diet containing 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% duckweed was substituted for the commercial 32% protein control-group diet, fed in normal rations to common carp. There was no significant difference between the growth performance of fish that were fed diets containing up to 20% duckweed and fish that were fed the control diet (P>0.05), except for the group of fish on the 15% duckweed diet. Also, no significant difference was observed among treatments with respect to feed utilization (P>0.05). While carcass lipid content increased, protein content of the fish fed a diet of 15% duckweed decreased compared to other groups (P<0.05). The results showed that a diet consisting of up to 20% content could be used as a complete replacement for commercial feed in diet formulation for common carp fry.