Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Human Adipose Stem Cell Culture in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum, and Defined Xeno-Free/Serum-Free Conditions

Microenvironment plays an important role for stem cell proliferation and diﬀerentiation. Macromolecular crowding (MMC) was recently shown to assist stem cells in forming their own matrix microenvironment in vitro. The ability of MMC to support adipose stem cell (ASC) proliferation, metabolism, and multilineage diﬀerentiation was studied under diﬀerent conditions: fetal bovine serum- (FBS-) and human serum- (HS-) based media and xeno- and serum-free (XF/SF) media. Furthermore, the immunophenotype of ASCs under MMC was evaluated. The proliferative capacity of ASCs under MMC was attenuated in each condition. However, osteogenic diﬀerentiation was enhanced under MMC, shown by increased deposition of mineralized matrix in FBS and HS cultures. Likewise, signiﬁcantly greater lipid droplet accumulation and increased collagen IV deposition indicated enhanced adipogenesis under MMC in FBS and HS cultures. In contrast, chondrogenic diﬀerentiation was attenuated in ASCs expanded under MMC. The ASC immunophenotype was maintained under MMC with signiﬁcantly higher expression of CD54. However, MMC impaired metabolic activity and diﬀerentiation capacity of ASCs in XF/SF conditions. Both the supportive and inhibitory eﬀects of MMC on ASC are culture condition dependent. In the presence of serum, MMC maintains ASC immunophenotype and enhances adipogenic and osteogenic diﬀerentiation at the cost of reduced proliferation.
Identification of the human medial temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance images

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a key role in learning, memory, spatial navigation, emotion, and social behavior. The improvement of noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, has increased the knowledge about this region and its involvement in cognitive functions and behavior in healthy subjects and in patients with various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, cytoarchitectonic boundaries are not visible on magnetic resonance images (MRI), which makes it difficult to identify precisely the different parts of the MTL (hippocampus, amygdala, temporopolar, perirhinal, entorhinal, and posterior parahippocampal cortices) with imaging techniques, and thus to determine their involvement in normal and pathological functions. Our aim in this study was to define neuroanatomical landmarks visible on MRI, which can facilitate the examination of this region. We examined the boundaries of the MTL regions in 50 post‐mortem brains. In eight cases, we also obtained post‐mortem MRI on which the MTL boundaries were compared with histological examination before applying them to 26 in vivo MRI of healthy adults. We then defined the most relevant neuroanatomical landmarks that set the rostro‐caudal limits of the MTL structures, and we describe a protocol to identify each of these structures on coronal T1‐weighted MRI. This will help the structural and functional imaging investigations of the MTL in various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders affecting this region. Hum Brain Mapp 35:248–256, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recycling of the Insulin-sensitive Glucose Transporter GLUT4

The insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 is translocated to the plasma membrane in response to insulin and recycled back to the intracellular store(s) after removal of the hormone. We have used clonal 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and adipocyte-like cells stably expressing wild-type GLUT4 to characterize (a) the intracellular compartment where the bulk of GLUT4 is intracellularly stored and (b) the mechanisms involved in the recycling of endocytosed GLUT4 to the store compartment. Surface internalized GLUT4 is targeted to a large, flat, fenestrated saccular structure resistant to brefeldin A that localized to the vicinity of the Golgi complex is sealed to endocytosed transferrin (GLUT4 storage compartment). Recycling of endocytosed GLUT4 was studied by comparing the cellular distributions of antibody/biotin tagged GLUT4 and GLUT4(Ser5), a mutant with the Phe5-Gln6-Gln7-Ile8inactivated by the substitution of Ser for Phe5. Ablation of the Phe5-Gln6-Gln7-Ile8inhibits the recycling of endocytosed GLUT4 to the GLUT4 store compartment and results in its transport to late endosomes/lysosomes where it is rapidly degraded.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces increases in extracellular levels of dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive approach used for stimulating the human brain. Repetitive stimulation over the prefrontal cortex has proven effective in the treatment of major depression, however the mechanism of the antidepressant action is unknown. Since the nucleus accumbens is a major region implicated in reward circuitry and depressive disorders, we used the microdialysis technique to study some of the neurochemical changes induced in that region during and after acute TMS. Magnetic stimulation was applied over the frontal or the caudal cortex of the rat brain using a special coil design and microdialysis samples were collected before, during and after the stimulation session. The extracellular levels of both dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens were increased during the stimulation while the extracellular levels of acetylcholine were not affected. Stimulation over the caudal cortex caused a greater increase in dopamine levels than the stimulation over the frontal cortex, while such difference was not observed for glutamate levels. The changes in dopamine and glutamate extracellular levels in the nucleus accumbens may play a role in the antidepressant effect of TMS and it is therefore suggested that the effect of stimulation over caudal cortical sites on depressive patients will be examined.
Co-morbidity and health outcomes in three Auckland hospitals.

AIMS To establish the burden of co-morbid disease using the Charlson Index among hospital inpatients and its relationship to key health outcomes. METHODS An initial screen was carried out on 1575 medical records selected by systematic list sample from admissions for 1995 in three public hospitals in the Auckland region. In the course of the administration of the instrument, screeners were required to record the occurrence of co-morbid disease using the Charlson Index. RESULTS A third of patients had co-morbid disease, of which chronic pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure were the most frequently recorded. While the Charlson Index was associated with age of patient, length of stay, inpatient mortality, and adverse event status, the simple presence or absence of co-morbidity was as an effective predictor as the extended index. Co-morbidity was more likely to be recorded for Maori, for patients from deprived areas, and for circulatory or respiratory diagnoses. Specific co-morbid conditions were predictive of health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Levels of co-morbid disease established for patients using the Charlson Index in three Auckland public hospitals are similar to those recorded internationally. Co-morbidity is predictive of key health outcomes that are of clinical and managerial significance. Controlling for co-morbidity will be important in making comparisons of the quality of care.
Cariporide for Pharmacologic Defibrillation After Prolonged Cardiac Arrest

Background: We hypothesized that cariporide, a sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor, would be as cardioprotective during the global myocardial ischemia of prolonged cardiac arrest as it is in settings of coronary occlusion. Methods and Results: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive bolus injections of cariporide or placebo in a dose of 3 mg.kg-1 into the right atrium either 5 minutes before, or at 8 minutes after, onset of ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 8 minutes. Precordial compression, together with mechanical ventilation, was then started and continued for an interval of 8 minutes prior to attempted resuscitation. All but one placebo-treated animal were successfully resuscitated. Spontaneous defibrillation with restoration of circulation was observed in both cariporide-pretreatment and post-treatment groups but in none of the placebo-treated animals. Postresuscitation cardiac index, end-tidal CO2, mean aortic pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular contractile and lusitropic functions (dP/dt40, and -dP/dt) were significantly less impaired after cariporide, especially in the pretreated group, compared to electrically defibrillated controls. Postresuscitation ventricular premature beats were significantly reduced after cariporide. The duration of postresuscitation survival was significantly increased in animals pretreated with cariporide. Conclusions: Cariporide, when administered prior to and during cardiac arrest, improved both the success of resuscitation and postresuscitation myocardial function.
Activity Profiles of Cholinergic and Intermingled GABAergic and Putative Glutamatergic Neurons in the Pontomesencephalic Tegmentum of Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

Cholinergic neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum form part of the ascending activating system and are thought to participate in stimulating cortical activation. Yet in the laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT and PPT), they lie intermingled with GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, which could also modulate cortical activity and sleep–wake state. To characterize the discharge of these cell types in relation to cortical activity, we recorded neurons in urethane-anesthetized rats during spontaneous slow wave and somatosensory evoked fast electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, then labeled the cells by juxtacellular technique with Neurobiotin (Nb) and dual-immunostained them for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). All cholinergic cells discharged minimally during prestimulation (∼0.5 Hz) and moderately in a tonic manner (∼4 Hz) during stimulation. Being heterogeneous, some GABAergic, called “On,” cells (∼48%) increased their discharge (from ∼4 to 7 Hz), whereas others, called “Off” cells (∼38%), decreased or ceased firing during stimulation. Similarly, some noncholinergic/non-GABAergic On cells increased (from ∼2 to 6 Hz, ∼49%), whereas other Off cells decreased firing (∼35%) during stimulation. Putative glutamatergic On together with GABAergic On neurons could thus act in parallel with cholinergic cells to stimulate cortical activation. Possibly influenced by cholinergic On and glutamatergic Off cells, whose change in discharge precedes theirs, the GABAergic Off cells could oppose neighboring neurons such as noradrenergic cells, which discharge during waking and cease firing during sleep. By concerted activity, these heterogeneous cell groups can modulate cortical activity and behavioral state across the sleep–waking cycle.
The Prevalence of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) Outbreaks in Some Chicken Farms. III. Cross Protection of Vaccinated Chickens Versus Field IB Virus .

Four groups of one-day-old SPF chicks were inoculated with the four variants IBV (previously isolated) isolates at 1 day old to study the virulence of these isolates. The results at 2 weeks pi revealed that all isolates were able to induce serological resposne postinfection, respiratory distress and depression commenced at 24 hours postinfection. 20% and 100% mortality was recorded with isolates 4 and 23; respectively. Assessment of pathogenicity index and pathotyping (at the end of observation period "2wk-pi"), categorized the 4 tested isoaltes (4, 16,18, 23) into three isoaltes of high virulence (4, 18 and 23), and one isolate of intermediate virulence (16). About 50% reduction in body weight was recorded with the four IBV isolates 2 wk postinfection. Kidney lesions were nephritis-nephrosis with urate deposition in ureters, while microscopic lesions were associated with increase in the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Tracheal lesions recorded as increase the amount of mucin, while microscopic lesions were edema of mucosa and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The regime of administering the infectious bronchitis (IB) live commercial H 120 vaccine (Massachusetts serotype) at 1 day old SPF chicks, and the heterologous challenge with four variants (serotypes) at 4 weeks of age, was found to be poorly effective in protecting the respiratory tract of SPF chickens with protection percentages of 8.1%, 55%, 10.5% and 12.6% corresponding to field isolates of IBV 4, 16, 18 and 23; respectively. Protection was measured by assessing ciliary activity of the tracheal epithelium following challenge. It is suggested that the use of the live IB-H 120 vaccine will not always broaden the protection against challenge with IB multiple serotypes isolated from Egypt. Therefore it is necessary to develop a new IB vaccines, either locally prepared or imported to overcome any new IB serotype that were emerged, through modifying vaccination strategies to make them appropriate to the field situation. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(9):94-108). (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Rejection of Self or Others? Majority–Minority Status Moderates Responses to Strongly Identified Members of the Out-group

The actor–partner interdependence model was used to examine how one's own ethnic identification—and one's interaction partners' ethnic identification—predicted reactions to mixed-group discussions. The 104 participants interacted in groups of four, with half from the ethnic majority (European Americans) and half from an ethnic minority (African-, Asian-, or Latino Americans) in each group. Analyses revealed that ethnic identification had generally positive relationships with one's own outcomes, including greater attraction to one's fellow in-group member. However, higher ethnic identification resulted in negative outcomes for one's cross-group interaction partners, with different patterns for majority and minority members. When interacting with highly-identified members of the out-group, minority members responded with lower self-esteem whereas majority members responded with lower group attraction.
U.S. Boomers′ Lifestyle and Residential Preferences for Later Life

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify U.S. Boomers′ lifestyles and their future housing preferences, and to examine the relationship between the lifestyles and future housing preferences. A total of 403 usable data were collected through an online survey using a self-administrated questionnaire. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Four Boomers′ lifestyles (the Beautiful Home, the Economical, the Engaged, and the Family Centric) and four housing preferences for later life (the Supportive Housing, the Apartment Rental, the City Townhouse, and the Country House) were identified and the significant relationships between lifestyles and housing preferences were found. The results of this study provide a better understanding of U.S. Boomers′ future housing preferences for their later life according to their lifestyles. This study has several implications for housing development, management and marketing.
Return to Work and Social Participation: Does Type of Organ Transplantation Matter?

Background. Return to work and social participation are objective parameters to evaluate the success of transplantation. Existing reports never compared return to work rates between different organ transplant groups, few European studies were published, and information on patients having a volunteer job or being an active club member is scarce. These outcomes have never been compared with the general population. Methods. In a cross-sectional sample of 281 kidney, heart, liver, and lung transplant patients, we assessed self-reported return to work (i.e., having a paid job) and social participation (i.e., having a volunteer job or being an active member of a club). These data were compared with the general population. We also explored possible correlates of return to work (multivariable regression analysis). Results. Kidney transplant patients had the highest employment rate (58.6%), followed by heart (43.6%), liver (37.5%), and lung transplant patients (28.1%). Except for kidney patients, these numbers are lower than the 62% population's employment rate. Return to work was more likely if the transplanted organ was other than lung, with younger age at time of transplantation, being male, being married, having a positive perception of one's capability to work, and having worked until at least 1 year before transplant. Volunteer work was similar to the general population (17.4% vs. 21.5%), although less patients were an active club member (28.5% vs. 61%). Conclusion. Obtaining a paid or voluntary job posttransplantation is possible and should be strongly recommended by transplant professionals as a meaningful way to contribute to the society.
An adolescent case of limbic encephalitis with anti leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 antibodies

Background: Limbic encephalitis associated with leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies can initially have either neurological or psychiatric manifestation. Subject and methods: The paper describes a case of a 14-year old girl with LGI1 antibodiesassociated limbic encephalitis with initial symptoms suggesting psychotic disturbances. Results: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head was normal and the electroencephalography (EEG) presented low voltage with inter-hemispheric asymmetry and paroxysmal series of delta and theta waves. Blood antibody tests detected the presence of the LGI1 antibodies. Apart from psychotic symptoms, the patient also presented epileptic seizures, instability of the autonomous nervous system, dysphagia and catatonia. Initial treatment with antipsychotics resulted in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Significant improvement of the patient’s condition appeared upon the administration of immunoglobulins and methylprednisolone. Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment of the limbic encephalitis in the young patient may be difficult due to a variety of reasons. A determination of anti-LGI1 antibodies also in adolescents presenting psychotic symptoms may be considered.
Analysis of waveform-derived ORA parameters in early forms of keratoconus and normal corneas.

PURPOSE To evaluate the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY) performance in differentiating grades I and II keratoconus from normal corneas using 41 parameters individually and to assess the effect of analyzing all parameters together. METHODS This study compared the mean value of 41 ORA parameters in grades I and II keratoconus with healthy age-matched control eyes. Only eyes with a central corneal thickness between 500 and 600 μm were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for each of the 41 parameters independently and for all of the parameters together. RESULTS This study included 136 eyes with normal corneas and 68 eyes with grades I and II keratoconus. When analyzed individually, four ORA parameters (p1area, p1area1, p2area, and p2area1) had an area under the curve greater than 0.900 for discriminating between both groups. The p2area was the parameter that achieved the largest area under the curve individually (0.931). The area under the curve increased to 0.978 when analyzing all parameters together. CONCLUSION Alternative ORA parameters are better for differentiating grades I and II keratoconus from normal corneas than the four parameters originally available for ophthalmologists (corneal hysteresis, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure, corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, and corneal resistance factor). Although the ORA did not achieve 100% accuracy, the discrimination between these two groups was optimized by combining all parameters.
Serotype chimeric oncolytic adenovirus coding for GM‐CSF for treatment of sarcoma in rodents and humans

Sarcomas are a relatively rare cancer, but often incurable at the late metastatic stage. Oncolytic immunotherapy has gained attention over the past years, and a wide range of oncolytic viruses have been delivered via intratumoral injection with positive safety and promising efficacy data. Here, we report preclinical and clinical results from treatment of sarcoma with oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3‐D24‐GMCSF (CGTG‐102). Ad5/3‐D24‐GMCSF is a serotype chimeric oncolytic adenovirus coding for human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). The efficacy of Ad5/3‐D24‐GMCSF was evaluated on a panel of soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) cell lines and in two animal models. Sarcoma specific human data were also collected from the Advanced Therapy Access Program (ATAP), in preparation for further clinical development. Efficacy was seen in both in vitro and in vivo STS models. Fifteen patients with treatment‐refractory STS (13/15) or primary bone sarcoma (2/15) were treated in ATAP, and treatments appeared safe and well‐tolerated. A total of 12 radiological RECIST response evaluations were performed, and two cases of minor response, six cases of stable disease and four cases of progressive disease were detected in patients progressing prior to virus treatment. Overall, the median survival time post treatment was 170 days. One patient is still alive at 1,459 days post virus treatment. In summary, Ad5/3‐D24‐GMCSF appears promising for the treatment of advanced STS; a clinical trial for treatment of refractory injectable solid tumors including STS is ongoing. © 2013 UICC
Systemic uptake and intestinal inflammatory effects of luminal bacterial cell wall polymers in rats with acute colonic injury

The systemic uptake and local intestinal inflammatory potential of luminal bacterial cell wall polymers in rats with normal and acutely inflamed colons were measured. Rats were injected intracecally with either 125I-labeled group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes or equal amounts of Na125I, after either nonspecific colonic injury with 4% acetic acid or injection with buffer. The colons of rats injected with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide had higher inflammatory scores than Na125I-injected rats, a greater incidence of mucosal ulceration and transmural inflammation after acetic acid injury, and an increased frequency of focal accumulations of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and submucosa after buffer injection. Radioactivity in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes was higher in the colon-injured rats that received peptidoglycan-polysaccharide 48 h before tissue collection than in the noninjured rats (P less than 0.002). Group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigen concentration within the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was significantly higher in the colon-injured rats that received cell wall polymers than in noninjured rats. These results indicate that luminal bacterial cell wall polymers with well-described inflammatory and immunoregulatory potential can cross injured colonic epithelia and are capable of initiating and potentiating intestinal inflammation.