Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of subpulse drifting in pulsars

In this study we propose a classification scheme for the phenomenon of subpulse drifting in pulsars. We have assembled an exhaustive list of pulsars which exhibit subpulse drifting from previously published results as well as recent observations using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope. We have estimated detailed phase variations corresponding to the drifting features. Based on phase behaviour the drifting population was classified into four groups : coherent phase-modulated drifting, switching phase-modulated drifting, diffuse phase-modulated drifting and low-mixed phase-modulated drifting. We have re-established the previous assertion that the subpulse drifting is primarily associated with the conal components in pulsar profile. The core components generally do not show the drifting phenomenon. However, in core emission of certain pulsars longer periodic fluctuations are seen, which are similar to periodic nulling, and likely arise due to a different physical phenomenon. In general the nature of the phase variations of the drifting features across the pulsar profile appears to be associated with specific pulsar profile classes, but we also find several examples that show departures from this trend. It has also been claimed in previous works that the spin-down energy loss is anti-correlated with the drifting periodicity. We have verified this dependence using a larger sample of drifting measurements.
Studi Efek Elektrooptis Pada Minyak Goreng

The aim of this research is to study differences between fresh palm oil and heated palm oil in the external static electric field. The external electric field used at this research was resulted from two parallel plates of 5 × 3 cm, separated by 2.5 cm and applied by high voltage from 0 to 11 kV. Light sources used here were red laser pointer (= 650 nm) and green laser pointer (= 532 nm) to measure change of polarization angle. The heated oil used here was fresh oil that was heated in circa 16 minutes. The results indicate that fresh oil has less average gradient of electro optic polarization ( h ) than heated oil, both of 650 nm and 532 nm. The h ’s value is measured more significant for = 532 nm than= 650 nm, and moreover can be used to measure the quality of oils based on fresh or polluted oil. Keywords: palm oil, electr o optic, polarization.
Forecasting Cross-Sections of Frailty-Correlated Default

We propose a novel econometric model for estimating and forecasting cross-sections of time-varying conditional default probabilities. The model captures the systematic variation in corporate default counts across e.g. rating and industry groups by using dynamic factors from a large panel of selected macroeconomic and financial data as well as common unobserved risk factors. All factors are statistically and economically significant and together capture a large part of the time-variation in observed default rates. In this framework we improve the out-of-sample forecasting accuracy associated with conditional default probabilities by about 10-35% in terms of Mean Absolute Error, particularly in years of default stress.
Surface waves in deep and shallow waters

The motion of water due to surface waves is the most dynamic factor observed in the marine environment. In this review various aspects of the wave modelling of non-linear, steep surface waves and their role in the atmosphere-ocean interaction are discussed. Significant improvements in wave forecasting have been made in the last ten years. This is to a large extent related to substantial progress in the description of wind forcing and other processes, as well as to the more efficient use of satellite observations and assimilation methods. One striking observation is the increasing variety and complexity of models in which more physical processes are implemented, greater precision and resolution achieved and extended ranges of applicability demonstrated. However, in order to evaluate the applicability of particular models, comparison with high quality experimental data, collected in nature or under laboratory conditions, is necessary.
1 Space representation in the prefrontal cortex

The representation of space and its function in the prefrontal cortex have been examined using a variety of behavioral tasks. Among them, since the delayed-response task requires the temporary maintenance of spatial information, this task has been used to examine the mechanisms of spatial representation. In addition, the concept of working memory to explain prefrontal functions has helped us to understand the nature and functions of space representation in the prefrontal cortex. The detailed analysis of delay-period activity observed in spatial working memory tasks has provided important information for understanding space representation in the prefrontal cortex. Directional delay-period activity has been shown to be a neural correlate of the mechanism for temporarily maintaining information and represent spatial information for the visual cue and the saccade. In addition, many task-related prefrontal neurons exhibit spatially selective activities. These neurons are also important components of spatial information processing. In fact, information flow from sensory-related neurons to motor-related neurons has been demonstrated, along with a change in spatial representation as the trial progresses. The dynamic functional interactions among neurons exhibiting different task-related activities and representing different aspects of information could play an essential role in information processing. In addition, information provided from other cortical or subcortical areas might also be necessary for the representation of space in the prefrontal cortex. To better understand the representation of space and its function in the prefrontal cortex, we need to understand the nature of functional interactions between the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical areas.
2 3 Abbreviated Title : Opposite effects of setting on cocaine vs . heroin 4 by 5

Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, 7 University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom 8 Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom 9 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, 10 Rome, Italy 11 Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy 12 IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00142, Rome, Italy 13
Environmental Stressors and Mental Health

Environmental Stressors and Mental Health Bhandari Anuradha* Duggal Amarpreet** Kaur Jaspreet*** 001 About Authors : *Professor, Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh. ** Director, Cabinet Secretariat, New Delhi. ***Clinical Psychologist, Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh.
The Institutional Embeddedness of Economic Change. An Appraisal of the "Evolutionary" and "Regulationist" Research Programmes

In the 1990s, institutional and evolutionary economics emerged as one of the most creative and successful approaches in the modern social sciences. This timely reader gathers together seminal contributions from leading international authors in the field of institutional and evolutionary economics including Eileen Appelbaum, Benjamin Coriat, Giovanni Dosi, Sheila C. Dow, Bengt-ake Lundvall, Uskali Maki, Bart Nooteboom and Marc R. Tool. The emphasis is on key concepts such as learning, trust, power, pricing and markets, with some essays devoted to methodology and others to the comparison of different forms of capitalism. An extensive introduction places the contributions in the context of the historical and theoretical background of
A report on Type II X-ray bursts from SMC X-1

We study RXTE PCA data for the high mass X-ray binary source SMC X-1 between 2003–10 and 2003–12 when the source was in its high states. The source is found to be frequently bursting which can be seen as flares in lightcurves that occur at a rate of one every 800 s, with an average of 4–5 Type II X-ray bursts per hour. We note that typically a burst was short, lasting for a few tens of seconds in addition to a few long bursts spanning more than a hundred seconds that were also observed. The flares apparently occupied 2.5% of the total observing time of 225.5 ks. We note a total of 272 flares with mean FWHM of the flare ∼21 s. The rms variability and aperiodic variability are independent of flares. As observed, the pulse profiles of the lightcurves do not change their shape, implying that there is no change in the geometry of an accretion disk due to a burst. The hardness ratio and rms variability of lightcurves exhibit no correlation with the flares. The flare fraction shows a positive correlation with the peak-to-peak ratio of the primary and secondary peaks of the pulse profile. The observed hardening or softening of the spectrum cannot be correlated with the flaring rate but may be due to the interstellar absorption of X-rays as evident from the change in hydrogen column density (nH). It is found that the luminosity of the source increases with the flaring rate. Considering that the viscous timescale is equal to the mean recurrence time of flares, we fixed the viscosity parameter α ∼ 0.16.
One strike and you're out: the application of labeling theory to the New Jersey Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights Act

How can a country with forty-nine anti-bullying statutes continue to have a significant bullying problem? Though bullying is not a new issue in America, over the past few years, the media has discussed bullying incidents with increased frequency. From stories about students being bullied by students, to stories about students being bullied by teachers, it seems we can never do enough to stop the bullying problem. What are we doing wrong? At some point, America decided that labeling children as bullies and punishing them was an appropriate response to the problem. But there is something discomforting about labeling a child as a bully. Children change significantly as they develop and grow, so attaching a label with any permanency is inherently misguided. A label that sticks can lead teachers, parents, and peers to treat a child differently than his or her classmates--a practice which can have long-lasting effects on the psyche of the child. Moreover, children who are labeled as bullies may start to behave in accordance with the label and act out even more than before they were labeled. Labeling theory, a sociological account about deviance, explores this series of events. No federal law explicitly deals with bullying,but most states have enacted. Labeling theory makes clear that the New Jersey Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights Act might actually compound the bullying problem. At a minimum, legislators should amend the definition of bullying to require more than one incident and require that the bullying offense be erased from a person's record once he or she is unlikely to recidivate. A well-crafted law could ensure that those who commit serious bullying offenses are punished for their behavior, but avoid saddling young people with a stigmatizing--and often counterproductive--label. By applying a gentle nudge approach to the bullying problem, such as implementing a public campaign to change societal views about bullying, we can prevent bullying from occurring in the first instance and gradually reduce the bullying problem in America. Language: en
Competition and Persistence of R&D

This paper investigates the R&D persistence of R&D active firms in different markets with different intensities of competition, based on firm-level panel data for the period 1996–2008. In a dynamic setting of the empirical model, it turns out that persistence is strongly related to market competition (measured by the number of principal competitors). Persistence of R&D expenditures is more likely to be observed in markets with few principal competitors (between six and 10) and is very unlikely to be observed in polypolistic market types (more than 50 competitors).
Histopathology of Culex pipiens (Linée, 1753) (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae exposed to the aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus l'Hér, 1789 (Myrtaceae)

Eucalyptus globulus was tested for its larvicidal activity against the mosquito larvae Culex pipiens. The application of the aqueous extract at (0.5 g / l, 2 g / l, 5 g / l and 8 g / l) concentrations caused the remarkable mortality of 83% for the larvae that were treated at 8 g / l dosage and observed after 72 hours of contact. After calculating the LD50 (27.6 g / l after 24hours, 13.45 g / l after 48 hours and 3.57 g / l after 72 hours of exposure). Larvae of Culex pipiens treated with the aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus suffer important damages of midgut that occur over time. After 24 hours, the cells burst and the cytoplasmic contents move to the intestinal lumen, leading to death.
DETECTION OF SPECTRAL EVOLUTION IN THE BURSTS EMITTED DURING THE 2008–2009 ACTIVE EPISODE OF SGR J1550−5418

In early 2008 October, the soft gamma repeater SGR J1550−5418 (1E 1547.0−5408, AX J155052−5418, PSR J1550−5418) became active, emitting a series of bursts which triggered the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) after which a second especially intense activity period commenced in 2009 January and a third, less active period was detected in 2009 March–April. Here, we analyze the GBM data for all the bursts from the first and last active episodes. We performed temporal and spectral analysis for all events and found that their temporal characteristics are very similar to the ones of other SGR bursts, as well the ones reported for the bursts of the main episode (average burst durations ∼170 ms). In addition, we used our sample of bursts to quantify the systematic uncertainties of the GBM location algorithm for soft gamma-ray transients to ≲8°. Our spectral analysis indicates significant spectral evolution between the first and last set of events. Although the 2008 October events are best fitted with a single blackbody function, for the 2009 bursts an optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung is clearly preferred. We attribute this evolution to changes in the magnetic field topology of the source, possibly due to effects following the very energetic main bursting episode.
On certain 3-generator Artin groups

We describe the three 3-generator Artin groups that correspond to the three sets {p,q,r} of positive integer solutions of p~l + q~l + r~l = 1. In each case, we show that the Artin group is a free product with amalgamation or HNN extension involving finitely generated free groups and subgroups of finite index.
Study of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in poultry feeds

SUMMARY Seventy samples of poultry feeds including «starting» mixed feed, corn, barley, wheat barn, fish-meal and soja, sunflower and colza cakes, were analysed for fungal contamination. Their water activity was also determined. Parellely their activity of water was determined. The total fungal loads in analysed samples varied around 105 cfu/g, while the activity of water varied from 0.73 to 0.83. The identification of 196 isolates of moulds obtenaid revealed that they belonged to 10 different genera. Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most represented (35.7 % and 20.4 %, respectively). The other genera identified were Fusarium, Alternaria, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Verticillium, Mucor, Rhizopus and Ulocladium. Three out of ten A. flavus Link isolates, were able to produce aflatoxin B1 on rice. One isolate among 4 A. ochraceus Wilhelm and 2 among 14 P. verrucosum produced ochratoxin A on wheat. The toxigenesis of these strains was lower on the substrates from which they had been isolated from than on reference substrate, and even nil on soja. None of the 15 Fusarium roseum isolates produced zearalenon on corn. Cultured on a rich medium containing Yeast Extract and Sucrose, 40 isolates including Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Alternaria representatives were able to produce toxic metabolites as revealed by routine biological tests. One of «starting» mixed food was found to be contaminated with 1.4 ppb aflatoxin B1.
Climate Change and Forest Disturbances

tudies of the effects of climate change on forestshave focused on the ability of species to tolerate tem-perature and moisture changes and to disperse,but they haveignored the effects of disturbances caused by climate change(e.g.,Ojima et al.1991). Yet modeling studies indicate the im-portance of climate effects on disturbance regimes (He et al.1999). Local, regional, and global changes in temperatureand precipitation can influence the occurrence, timing, fre-quency,duration,extent,and intensity of disturbances (Baker1995, Turner et al. 1998). Because trees can survive fromdecades to centuries and take years to become established,climate-change impacts are expressed in forests, in part,through alterations in disturbance regimes (Franklin et al.1992, Dale et al. 2000). Disturbances,both human-induced and natural,shape for-est systems by influencing their composition,structure,andfunctional processes.Indeed,the forests of the United Statesare molded by their land-use and disturbance history.Withinthe United States,natural disturbances having the greatest ef-fects on forests include fire,drought,introduced species,in-sect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, icestorms, and landslides (Figure 1). Each disturbance affectsforests differently. Some cause large-scale tree mortality,whereas others affect community structure and organizationwithout causing massive mortality (e.g., ground fires). For-est disturbances influence how much carbon is stored intrees or dead wood. All these natural disturbances interactwith human-induced effects on the environment,such as airpollution and land-use change resulting from resource ex-traction, agriculture, urban and suburban expansion, andrecreation.Some disturbances can be functions of both nat-ural and human conditions (e.g., forest fire ignition andspread) (Figure 2).
CAPTURE OF IRREGULAR SATELLITES AT JUPITER

The irregular satellites of outer planets are thought to have been captured from heliocentric orbits. The exact nature of the capture process, however, remains uncertain. We examine the possibility that irregular satellites were captured from the planetesimal disk during the early solar system instability when encounters between the outer planets occurred. Nesvorný et al. already showed that the irregular satellites of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune were plausibly captured during planetary encounters. Here we find that the current instability models present favorable conditions for capture of irregular satellites at Jupiter as well, mainly because Jupiter undergoes a phase of close encounters with an ice giant. We show that the orbital distribution of bodies captured during planetary encounters provides a good match to the observed distribution of irregular satellites at Jupiter. The capture efficiency for each particle in the original transplanetary disk is found to be (1.3–3.6) × 10−8. This is roughly enough to explain the observed population of jovian irregular moons. We also confirm Nesvorný et al.'s results for the irregular satellites of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Chymotryptic hydrolysis of lentil meal proteins and characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates.

Lentil meal proteins were treated by chymotrypsin. Hydrolysis was controlled with the pH-stat method. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) was evaluated and after 120 min of the process amounted to 13%. SDS-PAGE and SE-HPLC methods were used to study molecular weight distribution of lentil meal proteins and their chymotryptic hydrolysates of DH 2%, 4%, 8% and 12%. Bands in the range of 21-66 kDa were predominant on the electrophoregram of lentil proteins. Chymotrypsin treatment resulted in releasing the hydrolysis products of both high molecular weight (62,000; 30,500 Da) molecules and small peptides (<6,500 Da). At the first stage of hydrolysis (DH 2.0%) intermediate products are formed, which are then further hydrolysed. Chromatographic separation confirmed the results of SDS-PAGE. Larger polypeptides and unhydrolysed proteins are present in hydrolysate of DH 12% but products of hydrolysis with molecular weight of 0.5-6.5 kDa are predominant. No simple correlation between degree of hydrolysis and intensity of bitterness and astringency sensation was noticed. Bitterness of hydrolysates was not high (2.25-2.35 a.u.).
Tilburg University Cross-Border Acquisitions and Employee-Engagement

We provide novel evidence that a firm’s engagement in employee-related issues explains part of the value difference between its domestic and cross-border takeovers. An acquirer’s investment in employee relations is positively related to the firm’s performance when acquiring domestically, but labor-related frictions reverse this effect when acquiring a foreign target. The results cannot be explained by country-level labor regulation but are consistent with the notion that labor-related frictions exist that prohibit firms from efficiently transforming monetary incentives in higher shareholder value when acquiring a foreign target firm.
Traditional market institutions and complex change: Exploring transition and change in the Bangladesh rice market

This paper explores the unaddressed question of how the large, complex paddy-rice market in Bangladesh is able to solve the problem of complex exchange, faced by the dominant rice millers and brokers (aratdars) who face the most complex risks. It explores agency issues in exchange resolved by intermediaries, and points to norms and trusts within trading networks that underpin these. It notes significant but opposing trends over two decades in different areas, particularly in terms of market structure, trade circuits and exchange relations. Evidence of a sharp decline in tied transactions points to the growing importance of impersonal exchange.
Methodology of the fasting sub-sample from the Mexican Health Survey, 2000

Objective. To report the comparative results of the sub-sample of fasting adults selected for the biochemical measurement of cardiovascular risk factors and the rest of the Mexican Health Survey (MHS) (2000) participants. Material and Methods. The nationally representative, cross-sectional Mexican Health Survey (2000) was analyzed. Survey participants reporting a fasting state period of 9- to 12-h were included in a sub-sample (n= 2 535) and compared with all other participants (n= 41 126). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for socio-demographic, anthropometric, health and personal background characteristics and compared between groups using Pearson χ 2 to determine significant differences. Mean and 95%CI and a T-test were calculated to analyze continuous variables. Results. From the 45 294 adults participating in the MHS, 5.59% were at fasting state. The fasting sub-sample (FS) had a higher male-to-female ratio and was on average 3.5 years younger than the non-fasting participants (NF) and had a 1.5cm wider average waist circumference. No differences were found in location, country region, socio-economic status, indigenous population, or literacy. Also, no differences were found in weight, height, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, previous medical diagnosis of dislypidemias, or tobacco or alcohol consumption. Conclusion. This paper documents the characteristics of the fasting sub-sample from the Mexican Health Survey (MHS). Overall, the non-fasting participants had no relevant differences that can contribute to generate biased results in the analysis of biochemical indicators of cardiovascular risk.