Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast Feeding in Hail Region

: Background: Breastfeeding (BF) has always been the ideal feeding practice for infants. The health benefits of BF have been previously documented. BF is said to be down and there is a trend toward artificial feeding . Knowledge as well as the sociodemographic factors have been reported to affect BF . Aim of the Study: the current study aimed at detection of the percentage of BF among mothers attended the primary heath care centers (PHCC) in Hail region , demonstrating the percentage distribution of BF practice in relation to the sociodemographic data and determination of the level of awareness of the mothers about BF. Subject and Methods: The current study was carried out on mothers attended to PHCC seeking for vaccination program for their kids or to attend the health education classes through the period of 2011-2012 . Using simple random sampling. 1000 subjects was selected randomly from the different PHCC. A questionnaire was used to gather data about different demographic factors , knowledge , practices and attitude towards BF. Results : BF different practices in relation to demographic characteristics of the mothers participating in the current study has been reported . It was found that (64.9%) only of mothers breastfed their infants and only (22%) have breastfed their babies for 2 years . The maternal ages were ranged from 18 – 44 years with a the mean age of 24.3 years . Most of the mothers have intermediate and secondary school education (45.8%). The majority of them were multiparous (93.7%) , working (67.9%), and delivered through the normal way (80.1%). The number of mothers who initiated BF within one hour after delivery was 383 (59%), while others delayed breastfeeding of their babies till after one hour postpartum. Only (30.5%) of the mothers exclusively gave their infants breast milk for 6 months while the mean duration of BF was 11.9 months among the BF mothers . Unfortunately knowledge and attitude in the current study was not satisfactory and suboptimal. Conclusion and recommendation : In spite of the great development in health services in Saudi Arabia, the current study have reported a downward trend in BF practice . So, there is a need for a national community-based BF program and for encouraging it as a part of a public health plan to decrease health risks and problems in the KSA .
Inverted hysteresis in MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells induced by presetting bias voltage

The inverted hysteresis exhibits lower open-circuit voltage (VOC) of reverse scan than that of forward scan in the current–voltage characteristic of solar cells. Although it has been observed in different perovskite solar cells, the mechanism is not well understood. Here, we report that the inverted hysteresis can be induced by a presetting bias voltage in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells. We found that applying a positive voltage bias equivalent to or slightly higher than the VOC between the two electrodes results in a significant reduction of VOC of the subsequent reverse scan. Moreover, the presetting voltage bias leads to a decrease and saturation feature of the dark current. In order to understand this phenomenon, we conducted numerical simulations on the current–voltage characteristic of the solar cells. The formation of interfacial barriers between the perovskite and the charge transport layers were considered in our simulations. The simulated results agree well with our experiments. Our work indicates that the interfacial barriers at the perovskite interfaces, originating from the presetting-bias-induced ion accumulation and film decomposition, exhibit a significant contribution to the inversed hysteresis.
Online continuing medical education (CME) for GPs: does it work? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have assessed the effectiveness of online continuing medical education (CME) designed to improve healthcare professionals' care of patients. The effects of online educational interventions targeted at general practitioners (GP), however, have not been systematically reviewed. METHODS A computer search was conducted through seven databases for studies assessing changes in GPs' knowledge and practice, or patient outcomes following an online educational intervention. RESULTS Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies (8/11, 72.7%) found a significant improvement in at least one of the following outcomes: satisfaction, knowledge or practice change. There was little evidence for the impact of online CME on patient outcomes. Variability in study design, characteristics of online and outcome measures limited conclusions on the effects of online CME. DISCUSSION Online CME could improve GP satisfaction, knowledge and practices but there are very few well-designed studies that focus on this delivery method of GP education.
Early detection of impending physiologic deterioration among patients who are not in intensive care: development of predictive models using data from an automated electronic medical record.

BACKGROUND Ward patients who experience unplanned transfer to intensive care units have excess morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To develop a predictive model for prediction of unplanned transfer from the medical-surgical ward to intensive care (or death on the ward in a patient who was "full code") using data from a comprehensive inpatient electronic medical record (EMR). DESIGN Retrospective case-control study; unit of analysis was a 12-hour patient shift. Shifts where a patient experienced an unplanned transfer were event shifts; shifts without a transfer were comparison shifts. Hospitalization records were transformed into 12-hour shift records, with 10 randomly selected comparison shifts identified for each event shift. Analysis employed logistic regression and split validation. SETTING Integrated healthcare delivery system in Northern California. PATIENTS Hospitalized adults at 14 hospitals with comprehensive inpatient EMRs. MEASUREMENTS Predictors included vital signs, laboratory test results, severity of illness scores, longitudinal chronic illness burden scores, transpired hospital length of stay, and care directives. Patients were also given a retrospective, electronically (not manually assigned) Modified Early Warning Score, or MEWS(re). Outcomes were transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the ward or transitional care unit, or death outside the ICU among patients who were "full code". RESULTS We identified 4,036 events and 39,782 comparison shifts from a cohort of 102,422 patients' hospitalizations. The MEWS(re) had a c-statistic of 0.709 in the derivation and 0.698 in the validation dataset; corresponding values for the EMR-based model were 0.845 and 0.775. LIMITATIONS Using these algorithms requires hospitals with comprehensive inpatient EMRs and longitudinal data. CONCLUSIONS EMR-based detection of impending deterioration outside the ICU is feasible in integrated healthcare delivery systems.
Formation of cholesterol‐enriched structures by aberrant intracellular accumulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1

ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key transporter associated with excess cellular lipid efflux. Here, we report that in HEK293 cells ABCA1 functions in intracellular compartments along the endocytic pathway. Inhibition of ABCA1‐GFP degradation with proteasome inhibitors induced the internalization of ABCA1 and the formation of intracellular round‐shaped structures, designated “A1 bodies”. Importantly, cholesterol was selectively accumulated in A1 bodies, and this depended on the cholesterol efflux activity of ABCA1. Treatment with either lactacystin or acetylated LDL, which reduces proteasome activity, resulted in internalization of ABCA1 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. By performing array analysis on macrophages treated with these reagents, we identified Rab4 as a key protein involved in the internalization and aberrant accumulation of ABCA1 in HEK cells. Treatment of the cells with proteasome inhibitors inhibited the degradation of Rab4, and Rab4 over‐expression induced the formation of small A1 bodies. Furthermore, A1 bodies formation was substantially inhibited by silencing of the endogenous Rab4 gene. Taken together, our findings suggest that the endocytic ABCA1 possesses cholesterol efflux activity, and thus the cellular control of post‐endocytic sorting, retention or recycling of functional ABCA1 in the endocytic vesicles, which is in part regulated by Rab4, is important for cholesterol metabolism in living cells.
A generalized single‐channel method for retrieving land surface temperature from remote sensing data

[1] Many papers have developed algorithms to retrieve land surface temperature from at-sensor and land surface emissivity data. These algorithms have been specified for different thermal sensors on board satellites, i.e., the algorithm used for one thermal sensor (or a combination of thermal sensors) cannot be used for other thermal sensor. The main goal of this paper is to propose a generalized single-channel algorithm that only uses the total atmospheric water vapour content and the channel effective wavelength (assuming that emissivity is known), and can be applied to thermal sensors characterized with a FWHM (Full-Width Half-Maximum) of around 1 μm actually operative on board satellites. The main advantage of this algorithm compared with the other single-channel methods is that in-situ radiosoundings or effective mean atmospheric temperature values are not needed, whereas the main advantage of this algorithm compared with split-window and dual-angle methods is that it can be applied to different thermal sensors using the same equation and coefficients. The validation for different test sites shows root mean square deviations lower than 2 K for AVHRR channel 4 (λ ≈ 10.8 μm) and ATSR-2 channel 2 (λ ≈ 11 μm), and lower than 1.5 K for Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band 6 (λ ≈ 11.5 μm).
Neural stem cell quiescence and stemness are molecularly distinct outputs of the Notch3 signalling cascade in the vertebrate adult brain

ABSTRACT Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult vertebrate brain are found in a quiescent state and can preserve long-lasting progenitor potential (stemness). Whether and how these two properties are linked, and to what extent they can be independently controlled by NSC maintenance pathways, is unresolved. We have previously identified Notch3 signalling as a major quiescence-promoting pathway in adult NSCs of the zebrafish pallium. We now show that Notch3 also controls NSC stemness. Using parallel transcriptomic characterizations of notch3 mutant NSCs and adult NSC physiological states, we demonstrate that a set of potentially direct Notch3 target genes distinguishes quiescence and stemness control. As a proof of principle, we focus on one ‘stemness’ target, encoding the bHLH transcription factor Hey1, that has not yet been analysed in adult NSCs. We show that abrogation of Hey1 function in adult pallial NSCs in vivo, including quiescent NSCs, leads to their differentiation without affecting their proliferation state. These results demonstrate that quiescence and stemness are molecularly distinct outputs of Notch3 signalling, and identify Hey1 as a major Notch3 effector controlling NSC stemness in the vertebrate adult brain. Highlighted Article: Notch3 signalling selectively controls neural stem cell stemness through the activity of the Hey1 transcription factor, independently of its molecular regulation of neural stem cell quiescence.
Comparing Upper Airway Stimulation to Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty: A Single University Experience

Introduction: Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (ESP) is a surgical option for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an alternative that has shown success in initial outcomes studies. We compare outcomes of a cohort of patients undergoing UAS to ESP. Methods: We compared demographic and polysomnographic data of the UAS to ESP cohorts. We also calculated the proportion of patients achieving surgical success. Results: The ESP cohort consisted of 33 patients. The mean preoperative Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), O2 nadir, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and BMI were 36.47 ± 20.01, 82.63 ± 5.37, 10.69 ± 4.42, and 29.6 ± 4.49, which improved to 13.47 ± 18.74, 84.84 ± 5.48, 7.00 ± 5.81, and 29.92 ± 4.59 postoperatively. There was a 63.64% success rate. The UAS cohort consisted of 75 patients. The mean preoperative AHI, O2 nadir, ESS, and BMI were 36.76 ± 20.72, 80.24 ± 8.43, 11.18 ± 4.16, and 29.50 ± 3.96, which improved to 7.25 ± 11.19, 88.71 ± 3.25, 5.36 ± 3.35, and 29.36 ± 3.68 postoperatively. The success rate was 86.67%. We found a significant difference in gender, age, preoperative AHI, postoperative AHI, postoperative O2 nadir, surgical success, and patients reaching an AHI less than 10 and 5. Conclusion: Upper airway stimulation is a new surgical option for select patients with OSA showing comparable or improved outcomes to a cohort of patients undergoing ESP.
Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus of septic rats by suppressing NF-κB pathway

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is known to provide neuroprotective effect in the central nervous system. However, the detailed mechanism remains far more elusive. This study was designed to investigate the relevant mechanisms of DEX's neuroprotective effect. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were injected with dexmedetomidine and/or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally, and inflammatory cytokines in serum and in the hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NF-κB in the brain tissue extracts was analyzed with western-blot. Then, we investigated whether NF-κB inhibitor prevents the elevation of inflammatory cytokines in rats injected with LPS. Our results indicated that compared with the control group, the rats exposed to LPS showed significant cognitive dysfunction. When compared to controls, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and hippocampus homogenate were increased in rats treated with LPS. DEX pretreatment inhibited the rats' TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB levels induced by LPS. In response to LPS, PDTC pretreatment restrains the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Rats treated with PDTC and DEX alongside LPS exhibited less TNF-α and IL-6 than the LPS treated group. In combination, PDTC and DEX showed addictive effects. Our data suggest that DEX exerts a neuroprotective effect through NF-κB in part after LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Stem cell therapy for heart failure : Ensuring regenerative pro fi ciency

Patient-derived stem cells enable promising regenerative strategies, but display heterogenous cardiac reparative proficiency, leading to unpredictable therapeutic outcomes impeding practice adoption. Means to establish and certify the regenerative potency of emerging biotherapies are thus warranted. In this era of clinomics, deconvolution of variant cytoreparative performance in clinical trials offers an unprecedented opportunity to map pathways that segregate regenerative from non-regenerative states informing the evolution of cardio-regenerative quality systems. A maiden example of this approach is cardiopoiesis-mediated lineage specification developed to ensure regenerative performance. Successfully tested in pre-clinical and early clinical studies, the safety and efficacy of the cardiopoietic stem cell phenotype is undergoing validation in pivotal trials for chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy offering the prospect of a nextgeneration regenerative solution for heart failure.
Preliminary evidence that androgen signaling is correlated with men's everyday language

Testosterone (T) has an integral, albeit complex, relationship with social behavior, especially in the domains of aggression and competition. However, examining this relationship in humans is challenging given the often covert and subtle nature of human aggression and status‐seeking. The present study aimed to investigate whether T levels and genetic polymorphisms in the AR gene are associated with social behavior assessed via natural language use.
Phytoplankton temporal dynamics in the coastal waters of the north-eastern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) from 2010 to 2017

Phytoplankton community structure was analysed from 2010 to 2017 at C1-LTER, the coastal Long-Term Ecological Research station located in the Gulf of Trieste, which is the northernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea. Phytoplankton abundance and relevant oceanographic parameters were measured monthly in order to describe the seasonal cycle and interannual variability of the main phytoplankton taxa (diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores and flagellates) and to analyse their relationship with environmental conditions. Overall, phytoplankton abundances showed a marked seasonal cycle characterised by a bloom in spring, with the peak in May. During the summer, phytoplankton abundances gradually decreased until September, then slightly increased again in October and reached their minima in winter. In general, the phytoplankton community was dominated by flagellates (generally <10 µm) and diatoms co-occurring in the spring bloom. In this period, diatoms were also represented by nano-sized species, gradually replaced by larger species in summer and autumn. Phytoplankton assemblages differed significantly between seasons (Pseudo-F = 9.59; p < 0.01) and temperature and salinity were the best predictor variables explaining the distribution of the multivariate data cloud. At the interannual scale, a strong decrease of the late-winter bloom was observed in recent years with the spring bloom being the main phytoplankton increase of the year.
Roughness effects at microscale - reassessing Nikuradse's experiments on liquid flow in rough tubes

The topic of incompressible fluid flow in rough channels is of practical interest in many diverse applications. It also forms the basis of our understanding of fluid-wall interactions, turbulent eddy generation, and their effect on the frictional pressure losses. Although this topic is also of fundamental interest, the work in this area is entirely guided by the experimental work of earlier investigators [1–6]. The works by Nikuradse [4] and Colebrook [5] constitute a major milestone from which useful empirical models are derived. As we approach the microscale, Nikuradse’s experimental work again is brought to focus, perhaps this time to gain an insight into the mechanisms affecting fluid-wall interaction in rough channels. In this paper, Nikuradse’s work is revisited in light of the recent experimental work on roughness effects in microscale flow geometries.
How to Plan Falsifiable Confirmatory Research

Psychologists generally recognize falsifiable research as a basic goal of science. However, the methods for conducting falsifiable research with classical statistics and related methods for planning optimal Bayesian analyses have not yet been recognized and implemented by psychological researchers. The first step for falsifiable research is selection of a minimum effect size of interest such that a smaller effect would be too small to be of interest or would be evidence the hypothesis is false. If a minimum effect of interest is not specified explicitly, the effect size that just meets the criterion for acceptable evidence will implicitly function as a minimum effect of interest (e.g., the effect size that gives p = .05 or Bayes factor = 3). For confirmatory research, researchers should know what effect size is functioning as the minimum effect of interest. The second step is to determine the sample size that has power of at least . 95 for the minimum effect of interest. Failure to obtain a significant result with power of . 95 is evidence that the predicted effect specified in the power analysis is false for the conditions of the study. Such a failure can be considered as rejecting the alternative hypothesis at the . 05 level using logic analogous to rejecting the null hypothesis. Evaluating the operating characteristics or power curve for a planned analysis reveals the effect sizes that can be reliably detected in a study and is needed for Bayesian methods as well as for classical methods. Specifying the effect sizes that can be reliably detected is as important as specifying the subject population. The third step is to publicly preregister the study with specific numerical inference criteria for evidence that the effect does not occur in addition to the usual criteria for evidence that the effect does occur. Studies with lower power may be conducted but the effect size with power of . 95 is the falsifiable effect size for a study. Recent large studies have had adequate sample sizes for these methods. The relationships between these methods and meta-analyses, the “new statistics,” and common practices for power analysis are discussed. Falsifiable research provides a conceptual framework for resolving many debates about methodology for confirmatory research.
Determination of the Maximum Temperature in a Non-Uniform Hot Zone by Line-of-Site Absorption Spectroscopy with a Single Diode Laser

A new algorithm for the estimation of the maximum temperature in a non-uniform hot zone by a sensor based on absorption spectrometry with a diode laser is developed. The algorithm is based on the fitting of the absorption spectrum with a test molecule in a non-uniform zone by linear combination of two single temperature spectra simulated using spectroscopic databases. The proposed algorithm allows one to better estimate the maximum temperature of a non-uniform zone and can be useful if only the maximum temperature rather than a precise temperature profile is of primary interest. The efficiency and specificity of the algorithm are demonstrated in numerical experiments and experimentally proven using an optical cell with two sections. Temperatures and water vapor concentrations could be independently regulated in both sections. The best fitting was found using a correlation technique. A distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser in the spectral range around 1.343 µm was used in the experiments. Because of the significant differences between the temperature dependences of the experimental and theoretical absorption spectra in the temperature range 300–1200 K, a database was constructed using experimentally detected single temperature spectra. Using the developed algorithm the maximum temperature in the two-section cell was estimated with accuracy better than 30 K.
Health belief model factors in mammography screening: testing for interactions among subpopulations of Caribbean women.

OBJECTIVES To explore the implementation of health belief models in breast cancer screening and elucidate its potential to offer avenues for intervention among variables that may be easily amenable to change. DESIGN The relations between three major cognitive factors-cancer knowledge, perceived personal risk, and beliefs about treatment efficacy-and mammography utilization were examined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses. PARTICIPANTS A large sample of women (N=1364) between 50 and 70 years of age. The women were of six ethnicities: US-born European Americans, US-born African Americans, Dominicans, Haitians, English-speaking Caribbeans, and Eastern Europeans. RESULTS All three variables were significantly associated with screening behavior in zero-order correlations. However, only perceived risk and treatment efficacy remained significant in multiple regressions controlling for background variables. Perhaps most importantly, while there were mean-level differences in the cognitive variables across the six groups, only one of the 15 interaction terms was significant, attesting to the generalizable effect of these health belief variables upon screening behavior in understudied groups of minority women. CONCLUSIONS The results are discussed in the context of health belief models and implications for interventions tailored to the health belief profiles characterizing women from each group are presented.