Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cumulative effects of continuous stimulation on arousal level in infants.

BRACKBILL, YVONNE. Cumulative Effects of Continuous Stimulation on Arousal Level in Infants. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 17-26. This study questioned whether level of arousal decreases as an inverse function of the number of sensory modalities continuously stimulated. 24 1-month-old infants served as Ss under 5 different conditions: no extra stimulation (control condition) and continuous stimulation of 1, 2, 3, and 4 sensory modalities. The 4 types of stimulation were auditory, visual, proprioceptive-tactile (swaddling), and temperature. Indices of arousal level included state, heart rate, respiration regularity, and gross motor activity. Results reaffirmed the pacifying effect of continuous stimulation, indicated that the effect is not restricted to 1 sensory modality but is instead a general characteristic of sensory stimulation in early development, and, finally, demonstrated that the pacification effect is indeed cumulative across modalities. Theoretical and practical aspects of these results are discussed.
The Role of Offline Places for Communication and Social Interaction in Online and Virtual Spaces in the Multinational Workplace

Abstract There is a common assumption that information communication technology (ICT) enables employees to work together and to be virtually co-present, regardless of time and place. However, previous studies of social networking sites (e.g. Facebook and social enterprise media in work settings) show a consistent tendency among users to reconnect and communicate online almost exclusively with people they already know. The paper at hand examines in depth what role shared places have in knowledge work and in creating a virtual or online co-presence among knowledge professionals. The findings of the present study show that the tendency of communicating with known others in online spaces is also at play in the offline workplace, as professionals approach those whom they already know when in need of work-related help. One of the conclusions is that the geographical workplace plays a key role in creating a common ground for communication and social integration among employees, since a core dimension in knowledge work is social interaction. The paper uses insights from a qualitative and longitudinal case study (2010–2013) of a multinational consultancy company.
Social mixing patterns for transmission models of close contact infections: exploring self-evaluation and diary-based data collection through a web-based interface

Although mixing patterns are crucial in dynamic transmission models of close contact infections, they are largely estimated by intuition. Using a convenience sample (n=73), we tested self-evaluation and prospective diary surveys with a web-based interface, in order to obtain social contact data. The number of recorded contacts was significantly (P<0·01) greater on workdays (18·1) vs. weekend days (12·3) for conversations, and vice versa for touching (5·4 and 7·2 respectively). Mixing was highly assortative with age for both (adults contacting other adults vs. 0- to 5-year-olds, odds ratio 8·9–10·8). Respondents shared a closed environment significantly more often with >20 other adults than with >20 children. The difference in number of contacts per day was non-significant between self-evaluation and diary (P=0·619 for conversations, P=0·125 for touching). We conclude that self-evaluation could yield similar results to diary surveys for general or very recent mixing information. More detailed data could be collected by diary, at little effort to respondents.
Endovascular stent placement for interposed middle hepatic vein graft occlusion after living‐donor liver transplantation using right‐lobe graft

Middle hepatic vein (MHV) reconstruction is performed to drain the right paramedian sector to prevent hepatic venous congestion (HVC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate endovascular stent placement in patients with stenosed and/or occluded interposition vein graft (IVG) to segment V hepatic vein (V5) and segment VIII hepatic vein (V8) after living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The procedure was performed in 11 recipients; 7 underwent it within 24 hours of LDLT. The following parameters, including technical success, clinical success, complications, patient survival data, and serial computed tomography (CT) findings during follow‐up, were documented retrospectively. Technical success was defined as both successful stent placement and resolution of stenosis or occlusion with copious flow of contrast medium through the stent, while clinical success was defined as both improvement of liver function tests (LFTs) and reduction or disappearance of hepatic low‐attenuation areas on follow‐up CT scans taken within 1 week of stent placement. Technical success was achieved in 10 of 11 patients (91%), and clinical success was achieved in 9 of 11 patients (82%). Acute thrombotic occlusion of the stent‐inserted hepatic vein occurred in 1 patient 1 day following stent placement. During the mean follow‐up period of 468 days (range, 13‐891 days), 9 patients survived and 2 patients died. No death was directly related to stent placement or its related complications. The low‐attenuation area in the involved hepatic segment V (S5) and/or VIII (S8) area prior to stent placement disappeared completely on follow‐up CT scans performed at 3‐12 days (mean, 5.4 days) after stent placement in all 9 patients with clinical success. No attenuation change occurred even in cases with chronic occlusion of the stent‐inserted hepatic veins. In conclusion, though IVG to V5 and V8 remains controversial, the treatment of their stenosis or occlusion is safe and effective, even during their immediate postoperative period. Liver Transpl 12:269–276, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Human fetal cortical and striatal neural stem cells generate region‐specific neurons in vitro and differentiate extensively to neurons after intrastriatal transplantation in neonatal rats

Human fetal brain is a potential source of neural stem cells (NSCs) for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. We explored whether NSCs isolated from cortex and striatum of human fetuses, aged 6–9 weeks post‐conception, maintain their regional identity and differentiate into specific neuron types in culture and after intrastriatal transplantation in neonatal rats. We observed no differences between cortex‐ and striatum‐derived NSCs expanded as neurospheres in proliferative capacity, growth rate, secondary sphere formation, and expression of neural markers. After 4 weeks of differentiation in vitro, cortical and striatal NSCs gave rise to similar numbers of GABAergic and VMAT2‐ and parvalbumin‐containing neurons. However, whereas cortical NSCs produced higher number of glutamatergic and tyrosine hydroxylase‐ and calretinin‐positive neurons, several‐fold more neurons expressing the striatal projection neuron marker, DARPP‐32, were observed in cultures of striatal NSCs. Human cortical and striatal NSCs survived and migrated equally well after transplantation. The two NSC types also generated similar numbers of mature NeuN‐positive neurons, which were several‐fold higher at 4 months as compared to at 1 month after grafting. At 4 months, the grafts contained cells with morphologic characteristics of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Many of neurons were expressing parvalbumin. Our data show that NSCs derived from human fetal cortex and striatum exhibit region‐specific differentiation in vitro, and survive, migrate, and form mature neurons to the same extent after intrastriatal transplantation in newborn rats. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sosyal Bilgiler Etkinliklerinin Eleştirel Düşünmeye Uygunluğu

Egitim sistemimiz gerek siyasi, gerek bilimsel-teknolojik, gerekse de sosyal acilardan dunyada ve ulkemizde yasanan donusumlere uyum saglamak amaciyla yapilan degisikliklere aliskin durumdadir. 2005-2006 Ogretim yili Turk Egitim Sisteminde onemli bir degisimin baslangicini olusturmustur. Bu degisimin temeli ise ogretim programlarinda yapilan kapsamli hazirliklarin uygulanmaya baslamasidir. Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin ilkogretim 4. ve 5. sinif sosyal bilgiler etkinliklerinin elestirel dusunmeye uygunluguna iliskin goruslerini ortaya koymayi amaclayan bu calisma tarama modelinde gerceklestirilmistir. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Ilkogretim Bolumu Sinif Ogretmenligi Anabilim Dali ogrencileri uzerinde yurutulen arastirmada “Watson-Glaser Elestirel Akil Yurutme Gucu Testi” ve Semiz (2011) tarafindan gelistirilen “Etkinlikler icin Elestirel Dusunmeye Uygunluk Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Elde edilen veriler incelendiginde sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin 4. ve 5. sinif calisma kitaplarindaki etkinlikleri elestirel dusunmeye “orta duzeyde uygun” olarak degerlendirdikleri, 4. Sinifta “Gecmisimi Ogreniyorum” unitesinin, 5. Sinifta ise “Bolgemizi Taniyalim” unitesinin sinif ogretmeni adaylarina gore diger unitelerden daha cok elestirel dusunmeyi destekledigi anlasilmistir.
The effect of 5‐year vitamin C supplementation on serum pepsinogen level and Helicobacter pylori infection

We conducted a population‐based, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on serum pepsinogen (PG) level, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and cytotoxin‐associated gene A (Cag A) status. Subjects aged 40 to 69 years living in one village in Akita prefecture, a high‐risk area for gastric cancer in Japan, were recruited through annual health check‐up programs. Among 635 subjects diagnosed as having chronic gastritis on the basis of serum PG levels, after excluding ineligible cases, 439 subjects were assigned to one of four groups using a 2×2 factorial design (0 or 15 mg/day β‐carotene and 50 or 500 mg/day vitamin C). However, based on the results from two β‐carotene trials in the United States, we discontinued β‐carotene (vitamin C supplementation was continued). Finally, 120 subjects in the low‐dose group (vitamin C 50 mg), and 124 subjects in the high‐dose group (vitamin C 500 mg) completed the 5‐year supplementation. The difference in the change of PGI/II ratio between baseline and after 5‐year follow up was statistically significant between the intervention groups among those who completed the supplementation: ‐0.25 for the low‐dose group and ‐0.13 for the high‐dose group (P=0.046). To conclude, vitamin C supplementation may protect against progression of gastric mucosal atrophy. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 378–382)
Myopia in preterm children at 12 to 24 months of age.

PURPOSE To examine biometric factors that may influence the high incidence of myopia in pre-term children at 12 to 24 months of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty eyes of 25 patients with myopia and 70 eyes of 35 patients with emmetropia at 12 to 24 months of age were selected from a group of preterm children who had been screened for retinopathy of prematurity and returned for follow-up examinations. Forty eyes of 20 full-term children of the same age were also included in the study as a control group. A-scan ultrasonography was performed to measure axial length, lens thickness, and anterior chamber depth in the three groups. RESULTS The myopic group had a significantly greater axial length than did the other groups. However, the three groups did not differ in lens thickness or anterior chamber depth. The degree of myopia increased with the increase in axial length and the decrease in anterior chamber depth. CONCLUSIONS The development of myopia in preterm children 12 to 24 months of age appears to be influenced mainly by axial length, whereas the degree of myopia seems to be related to axial length and anterior chamber depth. Among refractive components, axial length plays a major role in myopia occurring at this age in preterm patients.
Correlation of the AUA symptom index with urodynamics in patients with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia

The AUA symptom index is widely used to access patients with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In order to determine how well symptoms as assessed by this index correlate with urodynamic findings, we evaluated 83 patients referred to our urology clinics with symptoms of BPH. All patients completed the AUA symptom index and then underwent a multichannel urodynamic evaluation. Patients were classified as obstructed, unobstructed, or equivocal according to the Abrams Griffiths nomogram. The AUA symptom index was recorded as the total score and, for purposes of symptom classification, further subdivided into an obstructive score (questions 3, 5, and 6) and an irritative score (questions 1, 2, 4, and 7).
The dynamic relations between economic conditions and anti-immigrant sentiment: A natural experiment in times of the European economic crisis

Theories on intergroup relations suggest that negative attitudes toward immigrants tend to rise when economic conditions deteriorate. However, these arguments were mostly tested during times of economic prosperity in Europe. We put this theoretical expectation to test by analyzing two rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) with data from 14 West European immigration countries before (2006) and after (2010) the peak of the European economic crisis. Results show that anti-immigrant sentiments increased in countries where perceptions of economic insecurity also increased. Anti-immigrant sentiments decreased in countries where perceptions of economic insecurity declined. In contrast, changes in objective economic conditions (i.e. unemployment rates) during the same period of time did not display the expected effects in a similarly robust way.
Temporal dynamics of arousal and attention in 12-month-old infants.

Research from the animal literature suggests that dynamic, ongoing changes in arousal lead to dynamic changes in an individual's state of anticipatory readiness, influencing how individuals distribute their attention to the environment. However, multiple peripheral indices exist for studying arousal in humans, each showing change on different temporal scales, challenging whether arousal is best characterized as a unitary or a heterogeneous construct. Here, in 53 typical 12-month-olds, we recorded heart rate (HR), head movement patterns, electrodermal activity (EDA), and attention (indexed via look duration) during the presentation of 20 min of mixed animations and TV clips. We also examined triggers for high arousal episodes. Using cross-correlations and auto-correlations, we found that HR and head movement show strong covariance on a sub-minute scale, with changes in head movement consistently preceding changes in HR. EDA showed significant covariance with both, but on much larger time-scales. HR and head movement showed consistent relationships with look duration, but the relationship is temporally specific: relations are observed between head movement, HR and look duration at 30 s time-lag, but not at larger time intervals. No comparable relationships were found for EDA. Changes in head movement and HR occurred before changes in look duration, but not for EDA. Our results suggest that consistent patterns of covariation between heart rate, head movement and EDA can be identified, albeit on different time-scales, and that associations with look duration are present for head movement and heart rate, but not for EDA. Our results suggests that there is a single construct of arousal that can identified across multiple measures, and that phasic changes in arousal precede phasic changes in look duration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 623-639, 2016.
Risk factors for corneal infiltrative events during continuous wear of silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

PURPOSE This study determined which microbiologic, clinical, demographic, and behavioral factors are associated with corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) during continuous wear of silicone hydrogel (SH) contact lenses. METHODS Subjects (n = 205) were fitted with lotrafilcon A lenses for continuous wear and observed for 1 year. The main exposures of interest were corneal staining and bacterial lens contamination. Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots were used to estimate the cumulative unadjusted probability of remaining CIE free, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the hazard of having a CIE, as a function of key predictor variables. RESULTS The KM-unadjusted cumulative probability of remaining CIE free was 73.3%. Approximately 53% of subjects had repeated episodes of corneal staining (mild or greater), and 11.3% had repeated episodes of moderate or greater corneal staining. Corneal staining was not associated with the development of a CIE. The frequency of substantial bacterial bioburden on worn lenses at the time of a CIE was 64.7%, compared with only 12.2% during uncomplicated wear. The presence of substantial lens bacterial bioburden was associated with the development of a CIE (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 8.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.88-26.01). Smoking was also associated with a CIE (adjusted HR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.27-13.45). CONCLUSIONS Corneal staining is common during continuous wear of SH lenses, but it is not associated with the development of a CIE. Smoking and substantial lens bacterial bioburden pose prominent risks of a CIE. In this study, more than 70% of the total risk of CIE in those with substantial lens bioburden is attributable to this exposure. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00727402).
CRYPTIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE MASTOCARPUS PAPILLATUS SPECIES COMPLEX (RHODOPHYTA, PHYLLOPHORACEAE) 1

Mastocarpus papillatus (C. Agardh) Kütz. is a common intertidal red alga occurring along the west coast of North America from Baja California to Alaska. Sequencing of both the chloroplast‐encoded rbcL gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ∼200 specimens from California to Alaska revealed that M. papillatus is actually a complex of at least five species. All five species have high bootstrap support in phylogenetic analyses of both genetic regions, and in the case of the ITS marker, the species also have distinctive patterns of indels. Three of the species are localized in the mid‐ to upper intertidal, whereas two of the species occur in the low intertidal. The species also have different geographic ranges that overlap in the Vancouver Island area of British Columbia. No distinctive, reliable morphological differences were observed among the species. Although a variety of names are available for species in the complex, it is not yet clear which name goes with which species. As part of the survey, I also sequenced other species of Mastocarpus in the northeast Pacific region, and I provide new distribution records for M. jardinii ( J. Agardh) J. A. West and for a nonpapillate and probably undescribed species of Mastocarpus.
Surgical Results of Ahmed Valve Implantation With Intraoperative Bevacizumab Injection in Patients With Neovascular Glaucoma

PurposeTo investigate the surgical results of Ahmed valve implantation with intraoperative bevacizumab injection in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). MethodsA retrospective comparative case series review was conducted on 52 eyes with NVG who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with or without intraoperative bevacizumab intravitreal injection. In the intraoperative intravitreous bevacizumab injection group (IVB group, 20 eyes), 1.25 mg of bevacizumab was injected into the vitreous cavity during Ahmed valve implantation. In the control group (32 eyes), only Ahmed valve implantation was performed. Surgical failure was defined when (1) the postoperative intraocular pressure was over 21 mm Hg at consecutive clinic visits, (2) the visual acuity became light perception negative, (3) additional antiglaucomatic surgery was required, or (4) devastating operative or postoperative complications were noted. ResultsAlthough the success rate in the IVB group (70.0%) was higher than that in the control group (62.5%) 1 year after operation, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.828 by log-rank test). Mean intraocular pressures in the IVB group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 12 and 15 months (P<0.05 by the Mann-Whitney U test). Postoperative complications were similar between the 2 groups. Preoperative history of trabeculectomy was a significant risk factor for surgical failure of Ahmed valve implantation in NVG (relative risk=4.618; P=0.018 by Cox regression model). ConclusionsIntraoperative IVB injection does not seem to be helpful for better surgical outcomes of Ahmed valve implantation in NVG. A history of trabeculectomy is a risk factor for failure after Ahmed valve implantation in patients with NVG.
Genetic Causes of Frontotemporal Degeneration

The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the genetic causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Approximately 40% to 50% of patients diagnosed with FTLD have a family history of a ‘‘related disorder,’’ whereas 10% to 40% have an autosomal dominant family history for the disease. At this time, mutations occurring in 2 independent genes located on the same chromosome (MAPT and GRN) have been shown to cause the majority of cases of autosomal dominant FTLD. Specific genetic, molecular, pathological, and phenotypic variations associated with each of these gene mutations are discussed, as well as markers that may help differentiate the 2. In addition, 3 relatively rare, additional genes known to cause familial FTLD are examined in brief. Lastly, genetic counseling issues which may be important to the community clinician are discussed.
Typing of rhizobia by PCR DNA fingerprinting and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of chromosomal and symbiotic gene regions: application to Rhizobium leguminosarum and its different biovars

Characterization of 43 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars viciae, trifolii, and phaseoli was performed by two methodologies based on PCR amplification, i.e., PCR DNA fingerprinting of interrepeat sequences and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR -amplified chromosomal and symbiotic gene regions. Groupings generated by PCR DNA fingerprinting with either extragenic palindromic repetitive primers or two different single random primers were correlated with similar levels of resolution. Although less discriminating, PCR-RFLP analysis of intergenic spacer between genes coding for 16S and 23S rRNA (16S and 23S rDNA) yielded intraspecific polymorphisms. The classification of strains was independent of the biovar status and was in agreement with those obtained by PCR DNA fingerprinting. Intrabiovar variation within symbiotic gene regions was detected by PCR-RFLP analysis of nifDK and nodD gene regions, but the strains were grouped according to the biovar. The rDNA intergenic spacer and nif primers were verified to be universal for rhizobial species by testing of various reference strains, whereas the nod primers designed in this study were biovar or species specific for R. leguminosarum and Rhizobium etli. Classifications of R. leguminosarum strains by the PCR-based methods were correlated with those previously obtained by conventional total DNA restriction profile comparisons and RFLP analysis using chromosomal and symbiotic gene probes. Ranges of discriminating powers were also equivalent between the two approaches. However, the PCR-based methods are much less time-consuming and are therefore more convenient.