Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends and factors associated with infant bed sharing, 1993-2010: the National Infant Sleep Position Study.

IMPORTANCE A strong association between infant bed sharing and sudden infant death syndrome or unintentional sleep-related death in infants has been established. Occurrences of unintentional sleep-related deaths among infants appear to be increasing. OBJECTIVES To determine the trends and factors associated with infant bed sharing from 1993 through 2010, including the association of physician advice on bed sharing. DESIGN National Infant Sleep Position study conducted with annual telephone surveys. SETTING The 48 contiguous states. PARTICIPANTS Nighttime caregivers of infants born within 7 months of each survey administration. Approximately 1000 interviews were completed annually. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Infant bed sharing as a usual practice. RESULTS Of 18 986 participants, 11.2% reported an infant sharing a bed as a usual practice. Bed sharing increased from 1993 (6.5%) to 2010 (13.5%). Although bed sharing increased significantly among white respondents from 1993 to 2000 (P < .001), the increase from 2001 to 2010 was not significant (P = .48). Black and Hispanic respondents reported an increase in bed sharing throughout the study period, with no difference between the earlier and later periods (P = .63 and P = .77, respectively). After accounting for the study year, factors associated with increase in infant bed sharing as a usual practice included maternal educational level of less than high school compared with college or greater (adjusted odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.12-1.79]); black (3.47 [2.97-4.05]), Hispanic (1.33 [1.10-1.61]), and other (2.46 [2.03-2.97]) maternal race or ethnicity compared with white race; household income of less than $20,000 (1.69 [1.44-1.99]) and $20,000 to $50,000 (1.29 [1.14-1.45]) compared with greater than $50,000; living in the West (1.61 [1.38-1.88]) or the South (1.47 [1.30-1.66]) compared with the Midwest; infants younger than 8 weeks (1.45 [1.21-1.73]) or ages 8 to 15 weeks (1.31 [1.17-1.45]) compared with 16 weeks or older; and being born prematurely compared with full-term (1.41 [1.22-1.62]). Almost 46% of the participants reported talking to a physician about bed sharing. Compared with those who did not receive advice from a physician, those who reported their physicians had a negative attitude were less likely to have the infant share a bed (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.53-0.82]), whereas a neutral attitude was associated with increased bed sharing (1.38 [1.05-1.80]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our finding of a continual increase in bed sharing throughout the study period among black and Hispanic infants suggests that the current American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation about bed sharing is not universally followed. The factors associated with infant bed sharing may be useful in evaluating the impact of a broad intervention to change behavior.
Agreement in diagnosing occupational asthma by occupational and respiratory physicians who report to surveillance schemes for work-related ill-health

Objectives To assess diagnostic agreement for occupational asthma, and to identify case and rater characteristics associated with this diagnosis. Methods Summaries of possible occupational asthma cases were sent to 104 occupational and respiratory physicians. Raters assigned likelihood scores (0–100%) of occupational asthma based on case histories (phase 1), and on histories plus investigative procedures (phase 2). Interclass correlation coefficients were calculated as statistical measures of reliability for occupational asthma scores. Comparisons between mean scores were assessed for statistical significance using tests based on multilevel models. RRs were calculated to summarise effects of raters' demographics, and of supplying investigative procedures information. Results Occupational asthma scores showed limited agreement within each group of (occupational or respiratory) physicians, but scores were not systematically different. The difference between mean overall scores was 2.1% (52.1% occupational physicians; 50.0% respiratory physicians) in phase 1 (95% CI −2.6 to 6.8, p=0.37). In phase 2, mean overall scores were 46.1% (occupational physicians) and 41.5% (respiratory physicians); the difference in mean overall scores was 4.6% (95% CI −3.5 to 12.5, p=0.27). Raters with General Medical Council registration ≥1986 were more likely to give a positive occupational asthma diagnosis. In phase 2, male raters were more likely to label cases as occupational asthma than female raters (RR 4.5, 95% CI 3.3 to 6.0). Conclusions The RR of a positive occupational asthma diagnosis was unaffected by clinical speciality. Further work on why physicians consider cases to be occupational asthma will assist better diagnosis and prevention of this disease.
Bipartite induced subgraphs and well‐quasi‐ordering

We study bipartite graphs partially ordered by the induced subgraph relation. Our goal is to distinguish classes of bipartite graphs that are or are not well‐quasi‐ordered (wqo) by this relation. Answering an open question from [J Graph Theory 16 (1992), 489–502], we prove that P7‐free bipartite graphs are not wqo. On the other hand, we show that P6‐free bipartite graphs are wqo. We also obtain some partial results on subclasses of bipartite graphs defined by forbidding more than one induced subgraph. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 67: 235‐249, 2011
No evidence of germline PTEN mutations in familial prostate cancer

Editor—Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders, with an incidence of one in every 2000 to 3000 white people. The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene.1 Over 800 CFTR mutations have been identified.2 Five mutations in Ashkenazi Jews,3 4 24 in whites,5 and 15 in African-Americans6 account for 97%, 90%, and 75% of CF chromosomes in the respective populations. In contrast, 90% of CF Spanish alleles were contributed by as many as 75 mutations, indicating a heterogeneous CF genotype in Spain.7 The overall mutation spectrum and the frequency of common mutations in a particular population depend on the ethnic background. For example, the frequency of the W1282X mutation is 1.2% in the white population, but it is as high as 60% in Ashkenazi Jews.8 That of ΔF508 is 70% in northern Europeans but it is less than 50% in Spanish and Hispanics.7 9 In order to provide accurate genetic counselling, it is necessary to determine the prevalent mutations in each ethnic group. A study of Hispanic CF patients from the south western United States showed that only 58% of Hispanic CF alleles were detected by screening 23 recurrent mutations.9 Thus, there is a need to identify the mutations accounting for the remaining Hispanic CF chromosomes. In addition, on identification of mutations genotype-phenotype correlation studies can be facilitated. The clinical diagnosis of CF has been recently reviewed.10 Although the structure and function of ΔF508 and W1282X mutant CFTR have been studied, there is a shortage of genotype-phenotype correlation studies of rare mutations, particularly the ones that appear to be unique to Hispanic CF patients. This is partly because of the lack of an effective method for …
Identifying Falls Efficacy and Number of Falls in Older Adults of Turkish Population

The aim of the study was to investigate the fear of falls in older adults while conducting the reliability analyzes of Falls Efficacy Scale- I for Turkish version living in Mugla and secondary aim was to study relationship between fear of falls (FES-I Score), gender and number of falls. All participants were living in the community and aged 65 years or over (N=100) included as voluntarily to this study. The FES-I questionnaire which is a self-report questionnaire, providing information on level of concern about falls for a range of activities of daily living, contains 16 items scored on four point scale of 1-4, was used for research aim. Internal reliability of the FES-I was evaluated by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole scale. Independent sample test and correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. There were relationship between falls self efficacy, gender and number of falls. Therefore, there was significant differences between genders in FES-I scores and number of falls. In conclusion, Identifying fear of falling may be important to decrease inactivity in older age. Some exercise promotions may help to this people who are seeking be active by decreasing fear of falling and number of falls.
Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view

The resource-based view can be positioned relative to at least three theoretical traditions: SCP-based theories of industry determinants of firm performance, neo-classical microeconomics, and evolutionary economics. In the 1991 article, only the first of these ways of positioning the resourcebased view is explored. This article briefly discusses some of the implications of positioning the resource-based view relative to these other two literatures; it also discusses some of the empirical implications of each of these different resource-based theories.
Investigating Determinants of Software Developers' Intentions to Follow Methodologies

Seeking to improve software development, many organizations attempt to deploy formalized methodologies. This typically entails substantial behavioral change by software developers away from previous informal practices toward conformance with the methodology. Developers' resistance to such change often results in failure to fully deploy and realize the benefits of the methodology. The present research draws upon theories of intention formation and innovation diffusion to advance knowledge about why developers accept or resist following methodologies. Results from a field study within a large organization indicate that developers' intentions are directly influenced by their perceptions of usefulness, social pressure, compatibility, and organizational mandate. This pattern of intention determinants is quite different from that typically observed in studies of information technology tool adoption, revealing several key differences between the domains of tool versus methodology adoption. Specifically, although organizational mandate had a significant effect on intentions, the strength of its direct influence was the lowest among the four significant constructs, and usefulness, compatibility, and social pressure all influenced intentions directly, above and beyond the effects of organizational mandate. The findings suggest, contrary to popular belief, that an organizational mandate is not sufficient to guarantee use of the methodology in a sustained manner.
Infor-FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AFTER HIP FRACTURE AMONG PATIENTS HOME-DWELLING AT THE TIME OF FRACTURE

Hip fracture is one of the most resource-consuming incidents among older people. Hip fracture patients occupy 11–13% of all surgical beds in Finland (1). As the population is aging, it has been estimated that the incidence of hip fractures will increase fast (2). Globally, the number of hip fractures was approximately 1.66 million in 1990, and the rate is expected to reach 6.26 million by 2050 (2). The aim of the treatment is to restore the patient‘s functional ability to the pre-fracture level. According to previous studies, however, a considerable number of hip fracture patients seem to become permanently institutionalized (3, 4, 5). The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the short term functional ability and residential status after hip fracture among patients home-dwelling at the time of fracture.
Association of Campylobacter jejuni with laying hens and eggs

Laying hens were individually caged at 20 weeks of age and tested for fecal excretion of Campylobacter jejuni (minimum level of detection was 100 cfu/g) during a 42-week period. Peak rates of C. jejuni isolation (approximately 25% of hens positive) occurred at two different times, in October and in late April to early May. Before being segregated in late September, birds were allowed to consume fecal matter, litter, and communal drinking water, all likely sources of C. jejuni. The increased excretion rate in late April may have been due to a climatic change. A small portion (8.1%) of the hens chronically excreted (positive less than 30% of the sampling times) the organism, whereas C. jejuni was not detected in 33% of the hens, even though birds were likely exposed to the organism before being segregated. No correlation could be made between rates of C. jejuni excretion and egg production. Of 266 eggs from hens fecally excreting C. jejuni, the organism was isolated from two shell surfaces but no egg contents. Egg penetration studies revealed that the organism would not penetrate into the contents of the eggs but could be isolated occasionally from the inner shell and membranes of refrigerated eggs.
Management of Severe Crouch Gait in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy

Background Crouch gait in cerebral palsy is associated with spasticity and contracture of the hamstrings and weakness of the extensors of the hip and knee and ankle plantar flexors. Different treatment options have been described in the literature to deal with this difficult problem. We devised a different protocol of treatment aimed at correction of the flexion deformity of the knee, weakening of the hamstrings, and augmenting the power of the knee and hip extension, which we used on 17 children with severe crouch. Methods This surgery, performed in 2 stages, entailed shortening of the femur, plication of the patellar tendon, transfer of the semitendinous to the back of the femur, and fractional lengthening of the other hamstrings. The degree of fixed deformity, the popliteal angle, quadriceps power, range of knee motion, ambulatory status and the efficiency of gait, and the position of the patella were evaluated before surgery and again after a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results The gait improved and the power of the quadriceps and the range of knee motion increased. The flexion deformity and popliteal angle decreased significantly. Patella alta was corrected and all fragmentation of the tibial tuberosity and fractures of the patella healed. The Functional Mobility Scores and the ambulatory capacity increased in all the children. There was no evidence of damage to the sciatic nerve in any patient. Conclusions The method of treatment of severe crouch gait outlined in this study seems to be an effective and safe method of dealing with this difficult problem. Study Design Level of evidence: IV.
Three‐Dimensional Array‐Based Group Testing Algorithms

Summary We derive the operating characteristics of three‐dimensional array‐based testing algorithms for case identification in the presence of testing error. The operating characteristics investigated include efficiency (i.e., expected number of tests per specimen) and error rates (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values). The methods are illustrated by comparing the proposed algorithms with previously studied hierarchical and two‐dimensional array algorithms for detecting recent HIV infections in North Carolina. Our results indicate that three‐dimensional array‐based algorithms can be more efficient and accurate than previously proposed algorithms in settings with test error and low prevalence.
Postinjury Administration of 
 l
 -Deprenyl Improves Cognitive Function and Enhances Neuroplasticity after Traumatic Brain Injury

The rat model of combined central fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) and bilateral entorhinal cortical lesion (BEC) produces profound, persistent cognitive deficits, sequelae associated with human TBI. In contrast to percussive TBI alone, this combined injury induces maladaptive hippocampal plasticity. Recent reports suggest a potential role for dopamine in CNS plasticity after trauma. We have examined the effect of the dopamine enhancer l-deprenyl on cognitive function and neuroplasticity following TBI. Rats received fluid percussion TBI, BEC alone, or combined TBI + BEC lesion and were treated once daily for 7 days with l-deprenyl, beginning 24 h after TBI alone and 15 min after BEC or TBI + BEC. Postinjury motor assessment showed no effect of l-deprenyl treatment. Cognitive performance was assessed on days 11-15 postinjury and brains from the same cases examined for dopamine beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity (DBH-IR) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. Significant cognitive improvement relative to untreated injured cases was observed in both TBI groups following l-deprenyl treatment; however, no drug effects were seen with BEC alone. l-Deprenyl attenuated injury-induced loss in DBH-IR over CA1 and CA3 after TBI alone. However, after combined TBI + BEC, l-deprenyl was only effective in protecting CA1 DBH-IR. AChE histostaining in CA3 was significantly elevated with l-deprenyl in both injury models. After TBI + BEC, l-deprenyl also increased AChE in the dentate molecular layer relative to untreated injured cases. These results suggest that dopaminergic/noradrenergic enhancement facilitates cognitive recovery after brain injury and that noradrenergic fiber integrity is correlated with enhanced synaptic plasticity in the injured hippocampus.
Documentation of and satisfaction with the service delivery process of electric powered scooters among adult users in different national contexts

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how different service delivery systems for assistive devices were associated with the service delivery process (SDP) and user satisfaction in two national contexts when electric powered scooters were provided. Method: The study had a follow-up design based on a consecutive inclusion of 50 Danish and 86 Norwegian adults as they were about to be provided a scooter. A study-specific structured questionnaire for documentation of the SDP was administered. The Satisfaction with Assistive Technology Services was used for documenting user satisfaction with the SDP. Besides descriptive statistics, regression analysis was used to identify contributors of variance and predictors of user satisfaction. Results: The various steps of the SDP were carried out to a various degree. Significantly more total time was spent in the SDP in the Danish sample (p < 0.001). About 80% of the informants were satisfied/very satisfied with different aspects of the SDP. Time spent in the different steps was not associated with user satisfaction with the SDP. Conclusion: This study supports the assumption that structure of the service impacts on the SDP, but not that the process impacts on outcomes in terms of user satisfaction with the SDP. It may, however, be questioned whether this actually is an outcome. Implications for Rehabilitation The structure of assistive technology services impacts on the service delivery process Complex regulations for assistive technology grants increases the time use for assessment and administration User satisfaction with the service delivery process may not be an outcome dimension in the sense that outcomes are effects on the lives of users and their environments, but rather a quality indicator and therefore an evidence for more or less successful service delivery processes
Differences in Composition of Cell-attachment Sialoproteins between Dentin and Bone

Matrices of dentin and bone were compared with respect to the content of cell-attachment sialoproteins. The levels of two sialoproteins, osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), were determined in dentin and bone by immunochemical procedures. Polyclonal antibodies against bovine BSP and an antibody against the amino-terminal decapeptide of rat OPN were used. The relative levels of OPN and BSP in dentin were less than one-tenth of the levels in bone. The differences between dentin and bone levels of OPN and BSP were thus larger than those for osteonectin or bone Gla protein in the two tissues. The scarcity of the cell-attachment proteins in dentin may reflect the metabolic inactivity of dentin.
Serotonin depresses excitatory synaptic transmission and depolarization‐evoked Ca2+ influx in rat basolateral amygdala via 5‐HT1A receptors

The actions of serotonin on rat basolateral amygdala neurons were studied with conventional intracellular recording techniques and fura‐2 fluorimetric recordings. Bath application of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT or serotonin) reversibly suppressed the excitatory postsynaptic potential in a concentration‐dependent manner without affecting the resting membrane potential and neuronal input resistance. Extracellular Ba2+ or pertussis toxin pretreatment did not affect the depressing effect of 5‐HT suggesting that it is not mediated through activation of Gi/o protein‐coupled K+ conductance. The sensitivity of postsynaptic neurons to glutamate receptor agonist was unaltered by the 5‐HT pretreatment. In addition, the magnitude of paired‐pulse facilitation was increased in the presence of 5‐HT indicating a presynaptic mode of action. The effect of 5‐HT was mimicked by the selective 5‐HT1A agonist 8‐hydroxy‐dipropylaminotetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) and was blocked by the selective 5‐HT1A antagonist 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐4[4‐(2‐phthalimido)butyl]piperazine oxadiazol‐3‐yl]methyl]phenyl]methanesulphonamide. In contrast, the selective 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin failed to affect the action of 5‐HT. The effects of 5‐HT and 8‐OH‐DPAT on the high K+‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i were studied in acutely dissociated basolateral amygdala neurons. High K+‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i was blocked by Ca2+‐free solution and Cd2+ suggesting that Ca2+ entry responsible for the depolarizaton‐evoked increase in [Ca2+]i occurred through voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. Application of 5‐HT and 8‐OH‐DPAT reduced the K+‐induced Ca2+ influx in a concentration‐dependent manner. The effect of 5‐HT was completely abolished in slices pretreated with Rp‐cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphothioate (Rp‐cAMP), a regulatory site antagonist of protein kinase A, suggesting that 5‐HT may act through a cAMP‐dependent mechanism. Taken together, these results suggest that functional 5‐HT1A receptors are present in the excitatory terminals and mediate the 5‐HT inhibition of synaptic transmission in the amygdala.
Characterizing the Normal Developmental Trajectory of Expressive Language Lateralization Using Magnetoencephalography

Abstract To characterize the developmental trajectory for expressive language representation and to test competing explanations for the relative neuroplasticity of language in childhood, we studied 28 healthy children and adolescents (aged 5–19 years) participating in a covert verb generation task in magnetoencephalography. Lateralization of neuromagnetic responses in the frontal lobe was quantified using a bootstrap statistical thresholding procedure for differential beamformer analyses. We observed a significant positive correlation between left hemisphere lateralization and age. Findings suggest that adult-typical left hemisphere lateralization emerges from an early bilateral language network, which may explain the pediatric advantage for interhemispheric plasticity of language. (JINS, 2011, 17, 896–904)