Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical dysplasia: assessment and risk factors among women attending the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan-Iraq

Background and objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer in the world. It is the commonest cause of female cancer deaths in South-East Asia and Africa and accounts for 15% of all female cancers in developing countries. the aims of this study was to determine the frequency of abnormal cervical cytology among women underwent Pap smear and assess for the presence of risk factors related to abnormal Pap smear results. Methods: A hospital-based cross sectional study, using a questionnaire and involved 2,146 women at the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city from January to December 2009. All Pap smears cytological examinations were conducted using Bethesda classification system. Results: Histological reports were found to be normal in 88.4% of women; meanwhile, 248 (11.6%) women had abnormal cytological findings with a mean age of 36.84 years, significantly older than those with normal results (p <0.05). The duration of marriage was also found to be significantly longer among those with abnormal Pap smear (18.34 years versus 15.72 years, (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study was able to indicate that during reproductive life, the older ages of women and longer duration of marriage were associated with an increased risk of abnormal Pap smear results.
Instability of supersonic cold streams feeding galaxies–II. Non-linear evolution of surface and body modes of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability

As part of our long-term campaign to understand how cold streams feed massive galaxies at high redshift, we study the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) of a supersonic, cold, dense gas stream as it penetrates through a hot, dilute circumgalactic medium (CGM). A linear analysis (Paper I) showed that, for realistic conditions, KHI may produce nonlinear perturbations to the stream during infall. Therefore, we proceed here to study the nonlinear stage of KHI, still limited to a two-dimensional slab with no radiative cooling or gravity. Using analytic models and numerical simulations, we examine stream breakup, deceleration and heating via surface modes and body modes. The relevant parameters are the density contrast between stream and CGM ($\delta$), the Mach number of the stream velocity with respect to the CGM ($M_{\rm b}$) and the stream radius relative to the halo virial radius ($R_{\rm s}/R_{\rm v}$). We find that sufficiently thin streams disintegrate prior to reaching the central galaxy. The condition for breakup ranges from $R_{\rm s} < 0.03 R_{\rm v}$ for $(M_{\rm b} \sim 0.75, \delta \sim 10)$ to $R_{\rm s} < 0.003 R_{\rm v}$ for $(M_{\rm b} \sim 2.25, \delta \sim 100)$. However, due to the large stream inertia, KHI has only a small effect on the stream inflow rate and a small contribution to heating and subsequent Lyman-$\alpha$ cooling emission.
Adaptive reuse of Sydney offices and sustainability

The built environment contributes 40% of total global greenhouse gas emissions and 87% of the buildings we will have in 2050 are already built. If predicted climate changes are correct, we need to adapt existing stock sustainably. Outside Australia there is a history of office to residential conversions. These conversions number few in Sydney although evidence suggests a trend is emerging in conversion adaptations. In 2014, 102 000 m2 of office space was earmarked for residential conversion in Sydney as demand for central residential property grows and low interest rates create good conditions. The Central Business District (CBD) population is projected to increase by 4% to 2031 requiring 45 000 new homes and this coincides with a stock of ageing offices. Furthermore, the Sydney office market is set to be flooded with the Barangaroo development supply in 2017; thus conditions for conversion are better than ever. However, what is the level of sustainability in these projects? And, are stakeholders cognisant of sustainability in these projects? Moreover, is a voluntary a mandatory approach going to deliver more sustainability in this market? Through a series of interviews with key stakeholders, this paper investigates the nature and extent of the phenomena in Sydney, as well as the political, economic, social, environmental and technological drivers and barriers to conversion. No major study exists on conversion adaptation in Sydney and the most residential development is new build. There is substantial potential to change the nature of the CBD and enhance sustainability with the residential conversion of office space. The findings show that opportunities are being overlooked to appreciate and acknowledge the sustainability of this type of adaptation and that there is a need for a rating tool to encourage greater levels of sustainability and to acknowledge existing levels of sustainability achieved in these projects.
Early Detection of Externalizing Problems in Preschool Children According to Their Teachers

The purpose of this research, which was carried out for the first time in Greece, is to focus on the early detection of preschool children’s externalizing problems, according to their teachers’ perceptions. Seventy seven preschool teachers (N = 77) of 77 half-day and all-day preschool classes from the thirteen regions of Greece, completed: (a) the “Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) for ages 11⁄2 -5” of Achenbach (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2009) and (b) the “Demographic Questionnaire” (Doni, 2015), considering 1,234 mixed gender (617 boys and 617 girls) children 4-6 years of age. Preschool teachers detected externalizing problems in 11.8% of their students, of whom 3.0% were included in the borderline range and 8.8% in the clinical range. Αttention problems were detected in 7.0% of the children and aggressive behaviour in 5.6% of them. Statistical analysis showed that preschool teachers detected more externalizing problems in boys and children who attend all-day kindergartens than in girls and children who attend half-day kindergartens. Moreover, attention problems and aggressive behaviour seem to be detected less frequently in classrooms with a large number of students. These results could be used as a reference point for future studies on behavioural difficulties in preschool children.
Trading on Noise: Moving Average Trading Heuristics and Private Investors

We use a comprehensive dataset from a German discount brokerage firm to investigate both the prevalence and effects of moving average trading heuristics among individual investors. We document an abnormal increase of 30% in individuals’ trading volume on signal days. More than one in 10 investors repeatedly places trades according to these heuristics. However, abnormal returns from technical trades are found to be insignificant. Hence, our results are consistent with the interpretation that some individual investors -- contrary to the factual evidence -- believe in these signals and to that extent trade on noise.
Did Africa’s First Choices Matter? Growth Legacies of Leaders at Independence

We explore the potential effects of the first leaders of Sub-Saharan Africa. We first outline a set of theoretical reasons for why leaders may matter particularly at the critical juncture of African independence and why this influence may be persistent. In an unbalanced panel from 40 African countries observed since independence, we find evidence of strongly persistent effects of the education of African leaders. Only military coups seem able to break the persistent negative influence of this characteristic.
Engaging employees with the BSC

The paper looks into the application of the BSC within a healthcare organization. The BSC has had a significant impact on practice. However, it has had both favorable and unfavorable reviews in the literature, some author arguing the benefits of a more collaborative environment through the adoption of the BSC, other highlighting the limitation of this managerial tool, particularly in its implementation. The present paper traces the progressive implementation of the BSC as theoretical information and compares it to some of the experiences that emerged within the organization. A range of practices developed in the organization. Against these the validity of the implementation theory is tested. The findings indicate a lack of appropriate accounting for the motivational factors in the BSC that impinges on the success of its introduction. This emphasizes that while the BSC design may be promoted as ‘standard’, its implementation process cannot proceed without taking account of the unique factors, which constitute the situation facing the adopter.
Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State (1977)

The state is not the reality which stands behind the mask of political practice. It is itselfthe mask which prevents our seeing political practice as it is. There is a state-system: a palpable nexus of practice and institutional stucture centred in government and more or less extensive, unified and dominant in any given society. There is, too, a state-idea, projected, purveyed and variously believed in in different societies at different times. We are only making difficulties for ourselves in supposing that we have also to study the state - an entity, agent, function or relation over and above the state-system and the state-idea. The state comes into being as a stucturation within political practice: it starts its life as an implicit construct: it is then reified - as the res publica. the public reifkation. no less - and acquires an overt symbolic identity progressively divorced from practice as an illusory account of practice. The ideological function is extended to a point where conservatives and radicals alike believe that their practice is not directed at each other but at the state; the world of illusion prevails. The task of the sociologist is to demystify; and in this context that means attending to the senses in which the state does not exist rather than to those in which it does. When the state itself it is danger', Lord Denning said in his judgment yesterday, "our cherished freedoms may have to take second place. and even natural justice itself may have to suffer a setback'. 'The flaw in Lord Denning's argument is that it is the government who decide what the interests of the state should be and which invokes 'national security' as the state chooses to define it'. Ms Pat Hewitt. director of the National Council for Civil Liberties, said yesterday'. The Guardian. 18.2. 77 ttt**
Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species, domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning: revisiting previous paradigms

Lelong A. , Hégaret H. , Soudant P. and Bates S.S. 2012. Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species, domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning: revisiting previous paradigms. Phycologia 51: 168–216. DOI: 10.2216/11-37 Pseudo-nitzschia is a globally distributed diatom genus, some species of which produce domoic acid (DA), the neurotoxin that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning. This toxin killed at least three humans in 1987, launching numerous studies concerning the identification, distribution, ecology and physiology of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Since previous reviews in 1998, knowledge has been gained about the fate of DA, including its accumulation by marine animals and its degradation by light and bacteria. Molecular techniques and more precise microscopy have enabled the description of new Pseudo-nitzschia species, 15 since 2002, including ones that are cryptic and pseudo-cryptic. An increasing number of the 37 identified species, including oceanic and coastal species, have been studied in laboratory culture. The sexual reproduction of 14 species has been documented. Fourteen species have now been shown to be toxigenic, although some strains are not always toxic under the testing conditions. The biotic and abiotic factors that modify DA production are reviewed, with a focus on how new discoveries have changed our original hypotheses about control mechanisms. Recent studies confirm that silicate and phosphate limitation trigger DA production. However, stress by low concentrations of iron or high concentrations of copper are newly discovered triggers, suggesting a trace-metal chelation role for DA. Organic sources of nitrogen (urea and glutamine), as well as changes in pH, CO2, salinity and bacterial concentration, also enhance DA production. Laboratory and field studies sometimes give divergent results for conditions that are conducive to toxin production. Gaps in knowledge include further information about the whole genome of Pseudo-nitzschia (including sexual stages), mechanisms of DA production and decline, presence or absence of a resting stage, heterotrophic ability, impact of viruses and fungi, and a more complete description of the ecological and physiological roles of DA.
The Moderating Effect of Treatment Type on the Relationship Between Diabetes Patients' Treatment Satisfaction and Their Intention to Use an Artificial Pancreas

This research paper investigates whether treatment types affect the relation between diabetes patients’ treatment satisfaction and their intention to use an artificial pancreas. It provides insights for Inreda Diabetic B.V. on how to enhance their marketing strategy for the artificial pancreas, which they are currently developing. Therefore, 601 diabetes patients were approached of which 413 filled out a survey developed for the purpose of the research. In the survey, three general questions were devoted to defining the patients’ treatment type and the number of years they have used it. Further, six questions were asked to measure patients’ treatment satisfaction and two questions were asked evaluate their intention to use an artificial pancreas. In total, 393 patients fit the requirements of the research and their data was analyzed via regression analysis. The results show a weak negative correlation between treatment satisfaction with insulin pens and insulin pumps and the respective patients’ intention to use the artificial pancreas. Solely satisfaction with sensor-augmented insulin pumps is found to be insignificant. There are differences between the satisfaction levels of treatment types, but no differences in the intensity of their negative effect. The research adds to existing literature as it sheds light on the relationship between treatment satisfaction and patients’ intention to use an artificial pancreas, and enables Inreda Diabetic B.V. to gain deeper insights for their marketing strategy. Further research is necessary in order to determine other factors which significantly impact patients’ intention to use an artificial pancreas.
1 3 D Delaunay triangulation of non-uniform point distributions

In view of the simplicity and the linearity of regular grid insertion, a multi-grid insertion scheme is proposed for the three-dimensional Delaunay triangulation of non-uniform point distributions by recursive application of the regular grid insertion to an arbitrary subset of the original point set. The fundamentals and difficulties of three-dimensional Delaunay triangulation of highly non-uniformly distributed points by the insertion method are reviewed. Current strategies and methods of point insertions for non-uniformly distributed spatial points are discussed. An enhanced kd-tree insertion algorithm with a specified number of points in a cell and its natural sequence derived from a sandwich insertion scheme is also presented. The regular grid insertion, the enhanced kd-tree insertion and the multi-grid insertion have been rigorously studied with benchmark non-uniform distributions of 0.4 to 20 million points. It is found that the kd-tree insertion is more efficient in locating the base tetrahedron, but it is also more sensitive to the triangulation of non-uniform point distributions with a large amount of conflicting elongated tetrahedra. Including the grid construction time, multi-grid insertion is the most stable and efficient for all the uniform and non-uniform point distributions tested.
STEADY STATE PRIORS FOR VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIONS

Bayesian priors are often used to restrain the otherwise highly over-parametrized vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The currently available Bayesian VAR methodology does not allow the user to specify prior beliefs about the unconditional mean, or steady state, of the system. This is unfortunate as the steady state is something that economists usually claim to know relatively well. This paper develops easily implemented methods for analyzing both stationary and cointegrated VARs, in reduced or structural form, with an informative prior on the steady state. We document that prior information on the steady state leads to substantial gains in forecasting accuracy on Swedish macro data. A second example illustrates the use of informative steady state priors in a cointegration model of the consumption-wealth relationship in the U.S.
Managing Environmental Uncertainty: From Conceptual Review to Strategic Management Point of View

Uncertainty surrounds all aspects of organizations’ lives. We rarely find studies in the field of organization and management not mentioned the phenomenon of environmental uncertainty. Despite the ubiquity of studies around the topic, there are many incompatibilities and inconsistencies in the definition and application of the concept. In this paper we try to classify the main issues and controversies around the topic and review some of the outstanding studies in this regard. As the ultimate goal of studying uncertainty in organization is to face it in the choice of appropriate strategies, we also have a brief review on the impacts of environmental uncertainty on organizational strategic decisions and managers’ actions. Finally, we refer to some of the frameworks and approaches that are mainly presented in the field of strategic management for dealing with uncertainty, and resolving the strategy paradox between uncertainty and commitment to strategies.
Expanding the Nomological Network: Entitlement and Associated Constructs

Consistent with emerging empirical concern with transcending self-interest, the construct of psychological entitlement has become a topic of empirical attention. Entitlement, the sense that one is more deserving than others, has been shown to be associated with multiple negative interpersonal and mental health outcomes. Although it has become a focus of recent research, outcomes, moderators, and mediators of entitlement have yet to be clearly delineated. The current study examined the relationships between psychological entitlement and several potentially related constructs: dogmatism, knowledge certainty, resiliency, self-efficacy, modesty, and how one views of the self in relation to others. Results of the study indicated entitlement was significantly positively associated with knowledge certainty and negatively associated with modesty. Entitlement was also significantly related to how one perceived the self in relation to others. Such findings and other significant results, including demographic effects on entitlement, are discussed in further detail. Implications for further research on transcending self-interest are also addressed.
Static Crosses and Working Spirits: Anti-Syncretism and Agricultural Animism in Catholic West Flores

In southern Manggarai, in the west of the Indonesian island of Flores, Catholicism has a long history and people assert the importance of their identity as Catholics. Nevertheless, they also continue to engage, both pragmatically and in ritual contexts, with a landscape that they experience and describe as full of spirits and energies. As an example of this, I consider a ritual to renew the fertility of a river feeding into wet-rice fields. Despite attempts by the Catholic Church to ‘inculturate’ the faith in Manggarai, many people adopt an attitude best described as anti-syncretism, in which they reject the possibility of a fully Catholic landscape. I argue that the resilience of this anti-syncretic spiritual landscape can be explained both by the particular nature of the Catholic mission on Flores and local adherence to a strict separation of ‘religion’ (agama) from the ‘custom’ (adat) associated with the land. Drawing on recent literature reviving the concept of animism, I suggest that Manggarai people's engagements with their spiritual landscape are a form of ‘agricultural animism’. However, like all animisms, this has a specific history, including responses to shifts in spiritual potency occasioned by state-sponsored resettlement.
Determinant Factors of Dividend Payments in Brazil*

This study identifies factors that shaped cash disbursement distribution policies employed by Brazilian public companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) from 1995 to 2011. Relationships between Dividends/Total Assets and potential determinants discussed in the literature, including firm size, corporate governance, profitability, leverage, market to book, liquidity, investment, risk, profit growth, information asymmetry and agency conflict, are examined. The following econometric methods are employed: (1) Tobit, given the nature of the dividend data, and (2) the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to control for endogenous regressors. Significant positive variables found include size, return on assets (ROA), market to book, liquidity and profit growth. It can thus be inferred that larger firm size, profitability, market value, liquidity and profit growth correlate with greater firm propensity to distribute money to shareholders, thus supporting the theory of corporate finance. Significant negative variables found include leverage, liquidity squared, capex, beta and tag along 100%. It is thus inferred that more significantly leveraged companies that invest more heavily in fixed assets and that exhibit high liquidity, higher risk and less conflict between controlling and minority shareholders will be less likely to pay dividends to shareholders.
Microsatellites markers associated with resistance to flower bud thrips in a cowpea F2 population derived from genotypes TVU-123 and WC36

Breeding for resistance to flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) in cowpea has been hindered by the quantitative nature of resistance. To identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with resistance to flower bud thrips that could be used for marker-assisted breeding, a F2 population was generated from a cross between genotypes TVU-123 (resistant) and WC36 (susceptible). The population was evaluated for thrips damage scores, thrips counts, and pods number per plant under artificial infestation. Sixty-six microsatellites markers were screened between the two parental lines and seven polymorphic markers were used to genotype 100 F2 plants. Single marker analysis was used to evaluate an association between the markers and traits. Transgressive segregation among the F2 plants for resistance to flower thrips was observed. A significant negative relationship was observed between thrips damage scores and pods number per plant. Markers CP37/38 and CP215/216 were significantly associated with thrips damage scores and thrips counts, respectively. The two markers explained 7 and 11.2% of the total variation in thrips damage scores and thrips counts with positive and negative effects, respectively. Mainly additive gene effects were observed. A more detailed study using more markers on these loci should provide better understanding of this complex trait. Key words: Cowpea, single marker analysis, polymorphism, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.