Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased aldehyde reductase expression mediates acquired radioresistance of laryngeal cancer cells via modulating p53

The main obstacle to cure tumors by radiotherapy has been ascribed to tumor radioresistance. To determine the mechanisms underlying resistance to irradiation, it is essential to compare proteins differentially expressed from radiotherapy-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells. Aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) was recently identified as increased in radioresistant laryngeal cancer cells by comparative proteomics approach. Here, we provide the mechanism of AKR1A1-mediated radioresistance via p53 regulation in laryngeal cancer cells. AKR1A1 induction was correlated with the radioresistant phenotype of laryngeal cancer HEp-2 cells. AKR1A1 depletion with siRNA significantly enhanced radiation sensitivity of radioresistant HEp-2 cells by promoting radiation-induced cell death and accelerated radiation-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, without affecting either the PI3K-Akt or MAPK-ERK pathways. Intriguingly, AKR1A1 depletion induced phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 and G2/M transition in response to irradiation. We further found that AKR1A1 interacted with p53 and this interaction was dramatically increased in the irradiated radioresistant cells compared with the control cells. AKR1A1 expression also regulated p53 stability in response to irradiation. Furthermore, AKR1A1 depletion only sensitized HCT116 cells expressing p53 to irradiation and not p53-deficient cells. Therefore, our data suggest that radiation-inducible AKR1A1 contributes to acquired radioresistance of laryngeal cancer cells by suppressing p53 activation through inhibitory interaction.
Attitudes of UK psychiatrists to the diagnosis of MCI in clinical practice

ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent a transitional stage between normal functioning and dementia. Following the initial criteria developed by Petersen et al. in 1999, which focused on memory deficit in the context of otherwise normal cognition and general functioning, the concept has evolved with the introduction of subtypes of MCI and improved understanding of etiology. Our aim was to investigate current practice as well as familiarity with and attitudes toward the concept of MCI amongst UK old age psychiatrists. Method: We sent an anonymized postal survey to all clinicians on the Royal College of Psychiatrists Old Age Psychiatry register. Questions covered attitudes toward the concept of MCI in addition to diagnostic criteria and assessment tools used. Results: The response rate was 39% (453 of 1,154 questionnaires returned completed). The majority of respondents were consultants (83%) and 91% diagnosed MCI. Only 4.4% of the respondents thought that the concept of MCI was not useful and 79% of them required a memory complaint from either the patient or an informant for a diagnosis, but the majority did not have a specific cut-off on cognitive testing. Eighty-two percent reported that they required no or minimal impairment in activities of daily living for a diagnosis of MCI. The two most frequently used tools for assessment were the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination–Revised. Conclusions: Our survey shows that in the United Kingdom, the term MCI has become part of everyday clinical practice in psychiatry, suggesting that clinicians find it a useful term to conceptualize the transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. However, there is variability in diagnostic practice.
Competency-based integrated practical examinations: Bringing relevance to basic science laboratory examinations

Background: The practical examinations in subject-based curriculum have been criticized for lack of relevance and clinical application. We developed competency-based integrated practical examinations (IPEs) for first two years incorporating basic science principles with clinical relevance in our integrated curriculum. Aim: To bring relevance to basic science laboratory practical examinations by conducting competency-based IPEs. Methods: IPEs were developed according to competency-based blueprinting for each integrated module. Clinical scenarios were used as triggers followed by tasks pertaining to laboratory tests, relevant physical diagnosis and ethics/professional aspects utilizing standardized patients. Checklists were developed for standardized marking. A feedback questionnaire and two focus group discussions were administered to a random group of students from both first and second year students. Faculty members’ feedback was also recorded on a questionnaire. Results: Almost all the students agreed that IPE was a useful experience. Eighty-nine percent agreed that it was a fair examination and elicited a lesser degree of psychological stress. Eighty-two percent agreed that IPE encouraged critical thinking and application of knowledge. However, students suggested better organization and longer duration of stations. Faculty members also liked the experience. Conclusion: In conclusion, IPEs were well-received and valued both by students and faculty members.
Use of the Trust in Physician Scale in patients with rheumatic disease: psychometric properties and correlates of trust in the rheumatologist.

OBJECTIVES To assess the psychometric properties of the Trust in Physician Scale and to identify variables associated with patients' trust in their rheumatologist. METHODS Analyses of self reported data from 713 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or fibromyalgia. Study variables included the Trust in Physician Scale, a decision-making question, a medical skepticism measure, and demographic and health-related measures. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed using correlational analyses and factor analysis. A regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with trust in the rheumatologist. RESULTS Internal consistency of the scale was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). Scale items also loaded on a single factor. Construct validity was supported by inverse correlations between higher trust scores and both skepticism and independent decision making. Decreased trust was associated with older age, minority status, higher education, diagnosis of fibromyalgia or osteoarthritis, and poorer health. CONCLUSION The Trust in Physician Scale is appropriate for patients with rheumatic disease. Several patient characteristics appear to be associated with lower trust in the rheumatologist.
The Relationship Between Congenital Defects and the Use of Exogenous Progestational “Contraceptive” Hormones During Pregnancy: A 20‐Year Review

This review of 20 years of medical literature on the occurrence of congenital defects among offspring of women who ingested “progestational” or contraceptive hormones during pregnancy emphasizes the need for additional studies with carefully selected control groups. Other problems encountered in interpreting the existing literature, including the use of imprecise definitions, confusing nomenclature and inadequate clinical information, are also discussed.
Average Pause Ratio as an Indicator of Cognitive Effort in Post-Editing: A Case Study

Pauses are known to be good indicators of cognitive demand in monolingual language production and in translation. However, a previous effort by O’Brien (2006) to establish an analogous relationship in post-editing did not produce the expected result. In this case study, we introduce a metric for pause activity, the average pause ratio, which is sensitive to both the number and duration of pauses. We measured cognitive effort in a segment by counting the number of complete editing events. We found that the average pause ratio was higher for less cognitively demanding segments than for more cognitively demanding segments. Moreover, this effect became more pronounced as the minimum threshold for pause length was shortened.
The repair of osteochondral defects using an exogenous fibrin clot

To evaluate the ability of an exogenous fibrin clot to hasten or optimize the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects, 4-mm diameter, full-thickness articu lar cartilage defects in 20 adult mongrel dogs were packed with an exogenous fibrin clot that had been prepared from each animal. The defects were created in a loaded and unloaded portion of the femoral troch lea. The healing response was then examined using routine histology at various intervals from 2 weeks to 6 months. Both the experimental (clot-filled) and control (empty) defects healed through a proliferation of fibrous con nective tissue that eventually modulated into fibrocar tilage. However, in the 2-, 4-, and 8-week animals, the experimental defects (both loaded and unloaded) dem onstrated a more organized and advanced healing re sponse than did the control defects. This difference was less pronounced in the 12- and 24-week animals. In all specimens, the clot-filled defects healed more uniformly than controls with less surface depression. In general, the unloaded sites were more uniform in heal ing than the corresponding loaded sites.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies

Abstract With the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed with A. pleuropneumoniae vaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge on A. pleuropneumoniae vaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
Ecological Dynamics of the Toxic Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and Its Cyanophages in Freshwater

ABSTRACT The abundance of potentially Microcystis aeruginosa-infectious cyanophages in freshwater was studied using g91 real-time PCR. A clear increase in cyanophage abundance was observed when M. aeruginosa numbers declined, showing that these factors were significantly negatively correlated. Furthermore, our data suggested that cyanophage dynamics may also affect shifts in microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing populations.
Achieving Quality and Fiscal Outcomes in Patient Care: The Clinical Mentor Care Delivery Model

Contemporary patient care requires sophisticated clinical judgment and reasoning in all nurses. However, the level of development regarding these abilities varies within a staff. Traditional care models lack the structure and process to close the expertise gap creating potential patient safety risks. In an innovative model, senior, experienced nurses were relieved of direct patient care assignments to oversee nursing care delivery. Evaluation of the model showed significant impact on quality and fiscal outcomes.
Chen et al . Face Quality Value : Input : Feat -‐ 5 Features : L 2 R + PKM Model : Feat -‐

Face image quality can be defined as a measure of the utility of a face image to automatic face recognition. In this work, we propose (and compare) two methods for learning face image quality based on target face quality values from (i) human assessments of face image quality (matcher-independent), and (ii) quality values computed from similarity scores (matcherdependent). A support vector regression model trained on face features extracted using a deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) is used to predict the quality of a face image. The proposed methods are evaluated on two unconstrained face image databases, LFW and IJB-A, which both contain facial variations encompassing a multitude of quality factors. Evaluation of the proposed automatic face image quality measures shows we are able to reduce the FNMR at 1% FMR by at least 13% for two face matchers (a COTS matcher and a ConvNet matcher) by using the proposed face quality to select subsets of face images and video frames for matching templates (i.e., multiple faces per subject) in the IJB-A protocol. To our knowledge, this is the first work to utilize human assessments of face image quality in designing a predictor of unconstrained face quality that is shown to be effective in cross-database evaluation.
Microbiological profile of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a Southern Brazilian City

Introduction: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), one of the most frequent infectious complications ex- perienced by patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites, has a high mortality rate. Objective: Our objective was to identify the main agents causing SBP at a University Hospital between 2008 and 2011. Methods: A cross-sectional study of positive results from ascitic fl uid cultures was carried out. Clinical and laboratory variables were extracted from the medical records. Results: 47 patients with positive ascitic fl uid cultures were included. Average age was 55.7 years ± 15.5 years, 70.2% were men, and 53.6% of patients presented cirrhosis. All cirrhotic patients presented GASA ≥ 1.1 and mean neutrophil count in the ascitic fl uid of 3,260.8 ± 5,122.9 cells. The most frequent germs found were Escherichia coli (25.5%), Klebsiella (14.9%), Enterococcus (8.5%) and Streptococcus (8.5%). No signifi cant differences were observed between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients regarding the prevalence of E.coli (19.2% vs. 33.3%; P=0.270), Klebsiella (19.2% vs. 9.5%; P=0,436), Enterococcus (7.7% vs. 9.5%; P=1.000) or Streptococcus (15.4% vs. 0.0%; P=0.117). The presence of infection by two or more germs was more common among individuals without cirrhosis (11.5% vs. 38.1%; P=0.047). Conclusion: The microbiological profi le of ascitic fl uid cultures showed a prevalence of gram-negative bacteria similar to other studies related to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
The Nature of Drug‐Induced B Cell Tolerance

The unifying concept of tolerance which was once widely accepted has given way to a realisation that specific unresponsiveness can be due to several distinct cellular events and that T and B lymphocytes are affected independently and differently. Whilst the relative contributions of suppressor T cells and clonal deletion to T cell tolerance phenomena are still being evaluated, a state of ignorance surrounds the latter mechanism. Whatever its nature, it is exceedingly difficult to induce in vitro, does not depend on multivalency, and is not inducible with potent B cell tolerogens. In contrast, the events involved in B cell tolerance are now being rapidly clarified, although the induction pathways involved with TD and TI antigens are dissimilar. TD antigens, provided they possess a moderate degree of multivalency, can tolerize immature B cells in perinatal animals the phenomenon of "Cional abortion*. Upon maturation, B cells generally resist tolerization by
Lineage analysis of quiescent regenerative stem cells in the adult brain by genetic labelling reveals spatially restricted neurogenic niches in the olfactory bulb

The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles is the major neurogenic region in the adult mammalian brain, harbouring neural stem cells within defined niches. The identity of these stem cells and the factors regulating their fate are poorly understood. We have genetically mapped a population of Nestin‐expressing cells during postnatal development to study their potential and fate in vivo. Taking advantage of the recombination characteristics of a nestin::CreERT2 allele, we followed a subpopulation of neural stem cells and traced their fate in a largely unrecombined neurogenic niche. Perinatal nestin::CreERT2‐expressing cells give rise to multiple glial cell types and neurons, as well as to stem cells of the adult SVZ. In the adult SVZ nestin::CreERT2‐expressing neural stem cells give rise to several neuronal subtypes in the olfactory bulb (OB). We addressed whether the same population of neural stem cells play a role in SVZ regeneration. Following anti‐mitotic treatment to eliminate rapidly dividing progenitors, relatively quiescent nestin::CreERT2‐targeted cells are spared and contribute to SVZ regeneration, generating new proliferating precursors and neuroblasts. Finally, we have identified neurogenic progenitors clustered in ependymal‐like niches within the rostral migratory stream (RMS) of the OB. These OB‐RMS progenitors generate neuroblasts that, upon transplantation, graft, migrate and differentiate into granule and glomerular neurons. In summary, using conditional lineage tracing we have identified neonatal cells that are the source of neurogenic and regenerative neural stem cells in the adult SVZ and occupy a novel neurogenic niche in the OB.
Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan-induced complete remission in a patient with classical lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Radioimmunotherapeutics directed against CD20 have been established in several types of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Yttrium-90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is the only approved radio - immunoconstruct for NHL in the EU. The malignant Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) express CD20 infrequently. Thus, only very limited data of cHL patients treated with anti- CD20 immunoconstructs are available. To date, none of the patients treated with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan demonstrated any response. CASE REPORT We report on a 78-year-old female patient suffering from a second systemic relapse of classical nodular lymphocyte-rich HL who experienced a complete remission (CR) after treatment with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan lasting over a period of 6 months. DISCUSSION Treatment of patients with cHL with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab resulted in a response rate of 22%. 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan demonstrated superiority compared with rituximab in a randomized phase III trial. HL represents a radiosensitive tumor responding to anti-CD30 or antiferritin radioimmunotherapy. Further HL patients have to be treated with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan to evaluate a potential benefit. CONCLUSION Treatment with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan induced a clinically relevant CR in a patient with CD20-positive cHL. Thus, we will expand treatment of relapsed CD20-positive HL with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan at our institution.
Cytotoxic Action of Antisera to Cell Components of Normal and Leukemic Mouse Spleens.∗

Summary Antisera to both normal and leukemic spleen cell components exhibit cytotoxic effects for leukemic cells, upon in vitro exposure. In every instance the leukemic antisera were much more effective than the corresponding normal antisera. These differences were greater than those obtained by complement fixation procedures. The anti-mitochondria sera exhibited the highest “titers” but the least difference between the normal and leukemic. The most significant differences occurred between the leukemic and normal Pi antisera, with the leukemic antiserum showing 8 times the activity of the normal. Highly significant differences were also demonstrated between the nuclei antisera. The leukemic antiserum proved over 6 times as effective as the normal. A slight active immunity was demonstrated in mice surviving the combination of leukemic cells and leukemic antisera.
The Mathematics Education of Future Primary and Secondary Teachers: Methods and Findings from the Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics

In 2005, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Michigan State University, and the Australian Council for Educational Research took an important step in advancing the field of education by partnering to develop and implement the first international and comparative study of mathematics teacher education. The study was made possible by the substantial funding received from the National Science Foundation, the IEA, and the collaboration of 17 participating countries. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the methodology used in this major cross-national study of teacher education—the IEA Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics, known as TEDS-M—and to share its main findings related to the mathematical preparation of future teachers.
Respiratory symptoms of employees of retail meat departments.

A RECENTLY IDENTIFIED ASTHMA-LIKE SYNDROME, "meat wrappers' asthma," is characterized by reversible airways obstruction with dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. In presentations of three meat wrappers' cases, Sokol and co-workers suggested a causal link between the inhalation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fumes released during the meat-wrapping process and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms (1). Polakoff and co-workers, using questionnaires along with preand post-workshift pulmonary function tests, com-
Cutaneous lichen planus: A systematic review of treatments

Abstract Various treatment modalities are available for cutaneous lichen planus. Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Health Technology Assessment Database were searched for all the systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials related to cutaneous lichen planus. Two systematic reviews and nine relevant randomized controlled trials were identified. Acitretin, griseofulvin, hydroxychloroquine and narrow band ultraviolet B are demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus. Sulfasalazine is effective, but has an unfavorable safety profile. KH1060, a vitamin D analogue, is not beneficial in the management of cutaneous lichen planus. Evidence from large scale randomized trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy for many other treatment modalities used to treat cutaneous lichen planus is simply not available.
Symposium : Diet , Anthropometry and Breast Cancer : Integration of Experimental and Epidemiologic Approaches Diet and Breast Cancer : Studies in Laboratory Animals 1

Increasing dietary fat content increases mammary gland tumorigenesis in laboratory rodents. The effect can be attributed only in part to increasing energy intake, which itself increases tumorigenesis. Restriction of dietary or energy intake, sufficient to reduce body weight, reduces mammary gland tumorigenesis. Consideration of these effects has led to discussion of the possible need for changes in the feeding of laboratory rodents in carcinogenesis bioassays and other chronic studies. Studies of endocrine or other growth factors for the mammary gland have not identified specific effects of dietary fat or energy. In addition, tumorigenesis in other organs responds similarly to increased fat or decreased energy intake, indicating that the mechanisms are not, or not entirely, specific for the mammary gland. Extrapolations of results between species must always be made with caution, but the marked effects of dietary fat and energy in rodent tumorigenesis models must be considered in designing diet advice for humans. J. Nutr. 127: 933S–935S, 1997.