Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melatonin and sirtuins: A “not‐so unexpected” relationship

Epigenetic modifications, including methylation or acetylation as well as post‐transcriptional modifications, are mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to increase the genome diversity in terms of differential gene expression and protein diversity. Among these modifying enzymes, sirtuins, a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, are of particular importance. Sirtuins regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell survival, and apoptosis, thus having important roles in normal and cancer cells. Sirtuins can also regulate metabolic pathways by changing preference for glycolysis under aerobic conditions as well as glutaminolysis. These actions make sirtuins a major target in numerous physiological processes as well as in other contexts such as calorie restriction‐induced anti‐aging, cancer, or neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, melatonin, a nighttime‐produced indole synthesized by pineal gland and many other organs, has important cytoprotective effects in many tissues including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, immunomodulation, and cancer. The pleiotropic actions of melatonin in different physiological and pathological conditions indicate that may be basic cellular targeted for the indole. Thus, much research has focused attention on the potential mechanisms of the indole in modulating expression and/or activity of sirtuins. Numerous findings report a rise in activity, especially on SIRT1, in a diversity of cells and animal models after melatonin treatment. This contrasts, however, with data reporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on this sirtuin in some tumor cells. This review tabulates and discusses the recent findings relating melatonin with sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, showing the apparent dichotomy with the differential actions documented in normal and in cancer cells.
Physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to water deficit stress: status of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities

Abstract From a field experiment, the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in six Spanish peanut cultivars subjected to 25−30 days of water deficit stress at two different stages: pegging and pod development stages. Imposition of water deficit stress significantly reduced relative water content, membrane stability and total carotenoid content in all the cultivars, whereas total chlorophyll content increased at pegging stage but decreased at pod developmental stage. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased under water deficit stress in most of the cultivars suggesting a greater damage to chlorophyll b rather than an increase in chlorophyll a content. Oxidative stress measured in terms of H2O2, superoxide radical content and lipid peroxidation increased under water deficit stress, especially in susceptible cultivars such as DRG 1, AK 159 and ICGV 86031. Relationship among different physiological parameters showed that the level of oxidative stress, in terms of production of reactive oxygen species, was negatively correlated with activities of different antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In conclusion, the study shows that water deficit stress at pod development stage proved to be more detrimental than at pegging stage. The higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in the tolerant cultivars like ICGS 44 and TAG 24 were responsible for protection of oxidative damage and thus provide better tolerance to water deficit stress.
The molecular mechanisms of drug action.

Interestingly, molecular mechanisms of drug action that you really wait for now is coming. It's significant to wait for the representative and beneficial books to read. Every book that is provided in better way and utterance will be expected by many peoples. Even you are a good reader or not, feeling to read this book will always appear when you find it. But, when you feel hard to find it as yours, what to do? Borrow to your friends and don't know when to give back it to her or him.
The use of the hCG stimulation test in the endocrine evaluation of cryptorchidism.

OBJECTIVE To review retrospectively the value of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) test in the evaluation of prepubertal boys with bilateral impalpable testes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study comprised 31 boys investigated between 1974 and 1990 at the Hospital for Sick Children, London. All boys had an hCG test consisting of three intramuscular injections of hCG on successive days at a daily dose dependent on their age (< 1 year old, 500 units; 1-10 years, 1000 units; > 10 years, 1500 units). Blood samples were taken before the first dose and 24 h after the last dose and the level of plasma testosterone assessed and expressed as a pre/post ratio. RESULTS Eight boys had no response to hCG, due to anorchia. One boy had no response to hCG but had bilateral atrophic intra-abdominal testes. Twenty-two boys responded to hCG and had testes whose size was related to the degree of testosterone elevation after this stimulatory test. The hCG test therefore had a positive predictive value of 89% and a negative predictive value of 100%. There was a quantitative difference in testosterone response between 14 boys who had bilateral intra-abdominal testes of 'normal' volume (median pre/post ratio, 11.4) and nine boys who had an otherwise reduced volume of testes (dysplastic or unilateral intra-abdominal) (median pre/post ratio of 4; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The hCG test is a valid indicator of the presence of functioning testicular tissue. It is predictive of anorchia and a good response to hCG suggests the presence of testes sufficiently large for orchidopexy.
RETINAL STRUCTURAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL ARTERIAL MACROANEURYSM EXAMINED WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Purpose: To study the retinal structural changes associated with a retinal arterial macroaneurysm and their association with visual prognosis. Methods: We studied retrospectively the medical records of 44 eyes of 44 patients with a retinal arterial macroaneurysm; all eyes showed hemorrhagic and/or exudative changes of the fovea with a visual disturbance. The retinal structural changes were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: At the initial visit, 30 eyes (68%) showed severe hemorrhagic complications. In eyes with subretinal hemorrhage beneath the fovea, retinal structure was relatively preserved at the initial visit. At the final visit, however, foveal structure was often degenerated, especially in its outer aspect, with limited visual recovery. The 14 eyes (32%) with minimal hemorrhagic complications showed an extensive exudative change caused by the aneurysm. In 13 of these eyes, OCT examination revealed extensive retinal edema, predominantly in the outer retina. Retinal edema beneath the fovea caused a focal serous retinal detachment in 12 eyes. Eight eyes with extensive exudative change showed an accumulation of hard exudates in the macular area, and visual recovery of these eyes was often limited. Conclusion: Subretinal hemorrhage or extensive exudative change from a retinal arterial macroaneurysm can cause destruction of the foveal outer photoreceptor layer, resulting in a poor visual outcome.
Thermal injury of Yersinia enterocolitica

Procedures were developed to evaluate thermal injury to three strains of Yersinia enterocolitica (serotypes 0:3, 0:8, and 0:17). Serotype 0:17 (atypical strain) was more sensitive to bile salts no. 3 (BS) and to sublethal heat treatment than the typical strains, 0:3 and 0:8. When the 0:3, 0:8, and 0:17 serotypes were thermally stressed in 0.1 M PO4 buffer, pH 7.0, at 47 degrees C for 70, 60, and 12 min, respectively, greater than 99% of the total viable cell population was injured. Injury was determined by the ability of cells to form colonies on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, but not on Trypticase soy agar (TSA) plus 0.6% BS for serotypes 0:3 and 0:8 and TSA plus 0.16% BS for 0:17. Heat injury of serotype 0:17 cells for 15 min in 0.1 M PO4 buffer caused an approximate 1,000-fold reduction in cell numbers on selective media as compared with cells heated in pork infusion (PI), BHI broth, and 10% nonfat dry milk (NFDM). The extended lag and resuscitation period in BHI broth was 2.5 times greater for 0:17 cells injured in 0.1 M PO4 than for cells injured in BHI or PI. The rate and extent of repair of Y. enterocolitica 0:17 cells in three recovery media were directly related to the heating menstruum used for injury. The use of metabolic inhibitors demonstrated that ribonucleic acid synthesis was required for repair, whereas deoxyribonucleic, cell wall, and protein synthesis were not necessary for recovery of 0:17 cells injured in 0.1 M PO4 buffer, BHI, or PI. Inhibition of respiration by 2,4-dinitrophenol slowed repair only for 0:17 cells injured in 0.1 M PO4 buffer, not for cells injured in PI or BHI.
Entamoeba histolytica: electron‐dense granule secretion, collagenase activity and virulence are altered in the cytoskeleton mutant BG‐3

HM‐1:IMSS, a pathogenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica, and its mutant BG‐3, Identified by resistance to cytochalasin D, were tested for their capacity to: (i) secrete electron‐dense granules; (ii) adhere and digest native type I collagen gels; and (iii) produce liver abscesses in new‐born hamsters. The results demonstrate that the mutant has low adherence to collagen, low electron‐dense granule secretion and collagenolytic activity, and low capacity to produce liver lesions in vivo, compared with the parental strain HM1:IMSS.
A longitudinal evaluation of accessibility: higher education web sites

Purpose – Using Internet Archive's Wayback Machine, higher education web sites were retrospectively analyzed to study the effects that technological advances in web design have had on accessibility for persons with disabilities.Design/methodology/approach – A convenience sample of higher education web sites was studied for years 1997‐2002. The homepage and pages 1‐level down were evaluated. Web accessibility barrier (WAB) and complexity scores were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine trends in the data and Pearson's correlation (r) was computed to evaluate the relationship between accessibility and complexity.Findings – Higher education web sites become progressively inaccessible as complexity increases.Research limitations/implications – The WAB score is a proxy of web accessibility. While the WAB score can give an indication of the accessibility of a web site, it cannot differentiate between barriers posing minimal limitations and those posing absolute inacce.
Miniaturized printed antenna with dual inductor-loaded monopoles for mobile terminals

A miniaturized printed antenna with dual inductor-loaded monopoles is proposed in this paper. The two monopoles contribute two adjacent resonances, which result in a broadband performance of the antenna. Each monopole is embedded with a chip inductor. The inductors introduce large inductance, which greatly decrease the resonant frequencies of the monopoles. Some important parameters are studied for better understanding of the working mechanism of the antenna. Both simulated and measured results are given, which shows the antenna is a good candidate for mobile terminals.
Maintenance therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Purpose of review In this article, we focused on the role of maintenance therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Recent findings Treatment with maintenance rituximab after a response to induction therapy appears to be an effective approach to extending response duration. In randomized phase III trials, investigators have reported improved event-free and progression-free survival with maintenance rituximab in patients with newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma. Summary Rituximab administered as induction or maintenance therapy in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly prolonged event-free survival. However, continued use of rituximab after R-CHOP failed to demonstrate benefit. The necessity of a subsequent dose-intense consolidation or maintenance strategy continues to be an issue. High-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with relapsed DLBCL who are still responding to salvage therapy. Although rituximab is effective, its role in salvage therapy after autologous transplant remains unclear. Maintenance therapy with rituximab in patients with complete remission after autologous transplant may be a useful novel approach capable of eradicating minimal residual disease. However, there are currently no data confirming this hypothesis.
Over-the-air aided precoding for DL massive MIMO with distributed antenna sites

We consider downlink (DL) transmission for a Time Division Duplex (TDD) LTE base station in a target cell with centralized baseband processing for a distributed Massive MIMO antenna system. The remote antenna units of the base station, distributed geographically within the target cell, also supports baseband processing complementing the centralized baseband unit. For DL data transmission, two-stage linear precoding, is used. The outer precoder is selected as the conjugate transpose of the effective downlink channel matrix, and has a distributed implementation across remote antenna sites, with final precoding achieved “over-the-air” via the linear superposition of the transmitted signals. The inner block diagonal precoder is derived by maximizing independently, the downlink achievable rate for each user. Significant gains in spectral efficiency results are obtained for two-stage precoding relative to single-stage precoding and for two-antenna sites relative to single-antenna site.
Canonical views of faces and the cerebral hemispheres

Evidence is given for a special, canonical, status of one specific view in the identification of familiar faces. In the first experiment, subjects identified by name the fully frontal or profile poses of briefly familiarised individuals less efficiently than an intermediate pose. In addition, in a matching experiment using faces seen in different poses, it was found that one specific intermediate pose (corresponding to 22.5 degrees of angle from the full frontal view) was matched more efficiently in the right visual field (RVF) than in the left visual field (LVF). This finding supports the hypothesis of a superiority of the left hemisphere (LH) over the right hemisphere (RH) in processing a familiar face's canonical view. The other tested "noncanonical" views (i.e., full frontal, 45 degrees, and profile) of these same familiar faces were better matched in the LVF (i.e., the RH); especially at low levels of familiarity. We conclude that, for each familiar face, a viewer-centred representation of the canonical (22.5°) view is stored in the LH's memory system, whereas multiple views of familiar faces are stored in a memory system of the RH. With increasing levels of familiarity other views are increasingly more efficiently encoded by the LH, and in fact for facial self-recognition the full-front view is superior to any of the other tested views. These findings taken together suggest that complementary lateralised memory subsystems in the two cerebral hemispheres store different sets, only partially overlapping, of view-centred face representations.
Mycosis fungoides: model for T‐lymphocyte homing to the skin?

Uptothepresentdaytherehasbeenno satisfactory explanation of why benign or malignant lymphomas can develop in the skin. Recently Goudie, MacFarlane & Lindsay (1974) presented an interesting hypothesis concerning the homing of lymphocytes to non-lymphoid tissues. The authors speculated that the proliferation of extranodal lymphoid tumours might be due to the possibility that neoplastic lymphocytes home on a special tissue by a process called ecotaxis (de Sousa, 1971). Ecotaxis means the accumulation of lymphocytes in territories which display their appropriate microenvironment.
A therapeutic assay of topically applied 9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone acetate in selected dermatoses.

Such derivatives of cortisone and hydrocortisone in which the 9a-hydrogen atom has been replaced by a halogen have been shown to possess many times the glucocorticoid activity of cortisone and hydrocortisone (1). Goldfien, et a! (2) in a study of the parenteral use of these compounds in Addison's disease, have reported that fluorhydrocortisone acetate has many times the metabolic and therapeutic activity of hydrocortisone, as well as a more prolonged action. Both hydrocortisone acetate and hydrocortisone free alcohol have been reported of value in the topical treatment of various dermatoses, and they have been shown to be of approximately equal efficacy when used in equal concentrations (—8). Because of the reported greater metabolic and therapeutic activities of systemically administered 9a-fiuorhydrocortisone acetate, it was thought worthwhile to compare the clinical effect of topically applied fluorhydrocortisone acetate with one of the other hydrocortisone compounds evaluated in our previous studies (6). In this way, it could be ascertained if the fluor-compound was more effective as a topical medication. The present study compares the effectiveness of topical preparations containing 9a-fluorhydrocortisone acetate with those containing hydrocortisone
Mu opioid receptors are associated with the induction of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation.

We assessed the effects of antagonists selective for mu (mu), delta (delta) or kappa (kappa) opioid receptors on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and short-term potentiation (STP) at the rat hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapse in vivo. The mu opioid receptor-selective antagonist Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7 amide (CTOP, 1 or 3 nmol) did not alter either mossy fiber-CA3 responses evoked at low frequencies or previously potentiated mossy fiber-CA3 responses, but it attenuated the induction of mossy fiber LTP in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, LTP of CA3 responses evoked by stimulation of commissural afferents to the CA3 region was unaffected by CTOP. Neither the delta opioid receptor-selective antagonist naltrindole hydrochloride (0.3-10 nmol) or the kappa opioid receptor-selective antagonist nor-binaltorphimine hydrochloride (3-10 nmol) altered the induction of mossy fiber LTP. Thus, a role for delta or kappa opioid receptors in the induction of mossy fiber LTP could not be demonstrated. CTOP, in quantities that attenuated mossy fiber LTP induction, also attenuated the magnitude of mossy fiber STP measured 5 sec after delivery of conditioning trains. Further examination of the component of STP corresponding to post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) revealed that CTOP selectively attenuated the estimated magnitude and time constant of decay of mossy fiber PTP. These results suggest that the frequency-dependent activation of mu opioid receptors by endogenous opioid peptides is required for the induction of LTP at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thrombus Attenuation Does Not Predict Angiographic Results of Mechanical Thrombectomy with Stent Retrievers

This article examines whether MCA clot attenuation on initial CT studies determines the outcome of endovascular recanalization. The study was performed in 70 patients and showed that there were no significant differences between thrombus attenuations and successful recanalizations or periprocedural clot fragmentations. This investigation differs from others in that clot attenuation did not predict recanalization. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers in acute stroke has emerged as a promising new technique, with the highest recanalization rate of the therapeutic procedures available thus far. However, in up to 20% of the cases, mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers results in poor angiographic outcomes, with Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scores ≤2a. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether thrombus attenuation on the initial CT scan can predict the angiographic outcome of the recanalization procedure in MCA occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 70 patients with acute MCA occlusions who underwent endovascular treatment with stent retrievers in our department were included. We analyzed thrombus attenuations, angiographic outcome, and periprocedural thrombus fragmentation. RESULTS: The mean thrombus attenuation was 49.8 ± 7.8 HU and the mean difference from the attenuation of the contralateral MCA was 9.9 ± 8.0 HU. There were no significant differences in the thrombus attenuations of occlusions that were successfully recanalized (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) and those that were not. Neither were there significant correlations of thrombus attenuations and periprocedural thrombus fragmentations that occurred in 64.3%. We found a nonsignificantly higher rate of recanalizations with modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b when the difference from the attenuation of the contralateral MCA was between 1–20 HU. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to results of other revascularization procedures as published in a recent study, the angiographic result of mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers is not predicted by thrombus attenuation.
Chemicals in the environment and human male fertility

Study shows that progressive replacement of some chemical components may have a beneficial effect on semen quality In an article published in this issue (see page 467) , Luc Multigner and colleagues1 show that male exposure to short-chain glycol ethers has long-lasting negative effects on semen quality. Occupational exposure to chemicals in the workplace and their effects on testicular functions and male fertility is not a novel observation. Over the past few decades, investigations into the professional exposure of men have provided convincing evidence on the association between exposure to particular types of chemicals and male reproductive disorders.2 This study reveals that precautionary measures focused on the progressive replacement of some chemical compounds by others may have a beneficial effect on semen quality. In contrast to the relative consensus achieved around occupational chemical exposure, strong disagreements have arisen between supporters and opponents of the role of environmental chemicals in the decline in sperm production and quality …
Receding horizon recursive state estimation

Describes a receding horizon discrete-time state observer using the deterministic least squares framework. The state estimation horizon, which determines the number of past measurement samples used to reconstruct the state vector, is introduced as a tuning parameter for the proposed state observer. A stability result concerning the choice of the state estimation horizon is established. It is also shown that the fixed memory receding horizon state observer can be related to the standard dynamic observer by using an appropriate end-point state weighting on the estimator cost function.