Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions.

This study was conducted to identify the adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of 24 gazelles (15 - 20 kg and 3 - 4 years old) belonging to 2 gazelle species (Gazella gazelles and Gazella leptoceros) for 3 months during both summer and winter seasons. The obtained results indicated that gazelles were exposed to heat stress during the summer season, based on the findings that calculated average temperature-humidity index (THI) prevailed during summer season surpass the THI threshold above which most animals enter a state of severe heat stress. Under these supra-neutral conditions, gazelles of both species had manifested noticeable (P<0.05) changes in their thermophysiological responses as demonstrated by pronounced elevations in rectal and skin temperatures as well as marked reductions in internal, external, and total body thermal gradients compared to the winter season. Notably, the use of body heterothermy by gazelles resulted in heat storage of 109.65 and 31.92 kJ/day/animal in summer and winter, respectively. Dissipation of these amounts of heat by insensible evaporative avenue would require 45.61 and 13.82 ml H2O/day/animal in summer and winter, respectively. Furthermore, exposure of gazelles to hot environmental conditions during the summer season elicited marked (P<0.05) alterations in blood haematological and biochemical parameters as revealed by the reduced (P<0.05) erythrocytic indices, total protein and globulin concentrations as well as the elevated (P<0.05) heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, serum albumin, glucose and haptoglobin concentrations compared to the winter season. These findings collectively prove that gazelles can apply remarkable adaptive thermophysiological adjustments in order to survive the harsh bioclimate at their habitats.
Nonabelian elliptic Poisson structures on projective spaces

We review nonabelian Poisson structures on affine and projective spaces over $\mathbb{C}$. We also construct a class of examples of nonabelian Poisson structures on $\mathbb{C} P^{n-1}$ for $n>2$. These nonabelian Poisson structures depend on a modular parameter $\tau\in\mathbb{C}$ and an additional descrete parameter $k\in\mathbb{Z}$, where $1\leq k<n$ and $k,n$ are coprime. The abelianization of these Poisson structures can be lifted to the quadratic elliptic Poisson algebras $q_{n,k}(\tau)$.
Enhancing Pre-trained Chinese Character Representation with Word-aligned Attention

Most Chinese pre-trained models take character as the basic unit and learn representation according to character’s external contexts, ignoring the semantics expressed in the word, which is the smallest meaningful utterance in Chinese. Hence, we propose a novel word-aligned attention to exploit explicit word information, which is complementary to various character-based Chinese pre-trained language models. Specifically, we devise a pooling mechanism to align the character-level attention to the word level and propose to alleviate the potential issue of segmentation error propagation by multi-source information fusion. As a result, word and character information are explicitly integrated at the fine-tuning procedure. Experimental results on five Chinese NLP benchmark tasks demonstrate that our method achieves significant improvements against BERT, ERNIE and BERT-wwm.
The Relationship Between Student Orientation and Trust in Higher Education

This study explores the student orientation, higher education image, perceived value, satisfaction and student trust at the higher education. The authors hypothesize a significant effect between variables. Data from 347 samples are used to empirically test the hypothesized the effects with multi-stage cluster sampling. The results provide evidence of a significant impact between student orientation, student perceived value, and student satisfaction. Higher education image has a significant influence toward satisfaction, perceived value has a significant effect toward satisfaction and trust, student satisfaction has a significant effect toward student’s trust Keywords: Student Orientation, Image, Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Trust
Molecular-dynamics simulations of cold single-species and multispecies ion ensembles in a linear Paul trap

The properties of cold ion plasmas with large numbers $(g200)$ of laser- and sympathetically cooled species are modeled in detail using molecular dynamics simulations. We describe how to extract temperatures and ion numbers from CCD images. The identification of the ion species by excitation of their oscillation modes is discussed. The sympathetic cooling efficiency, effects of the rf micromotion and of collision heating by a neutral background gas are analyzed, in part experimentally.
Limitations to the ‘basic’ HOD model and beyond

We make use of the IllustrisTNG cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations to test fundamental assumptions of the mass-based Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) approach to modelling the galaxy-halo connection. By comparing the clustering of galaxies measured in the 300 Mpc TNG box (TNG300) with that predicted by the standard ("basic") HOD model (bHOD), we find that, on average, the bHOD model underpredicts the real-space correlation function in the TNG300 box by $\sim$ 15\% on scales of $1 \ {\rm Mpc}/h < r < 20 \ {\rm Mpc}/h$, which is well beyond the target precision demanded of next-generation galaxy redshift surveys. We perform several tests to establish the robustness of our findings to systematic effects, including the effect of finite box size and the choice of halo finder. In our exploration of "secondary" parameters with which to augment the bHOD, we find that the local environment of the halo, the velocity dispersion anisotropy, $\beta$, and the product of the half-mass radius and the velocity dispersion, $\sigma^2 R_{\rm halfmass}$, are the three most effective measures of assembly bias that help reconcile the bHOD-predicted clustering with that in TNG300. In addition, we test other halo properties such as halo spin, formation epoch and halo concentration. We also find that at fixed halo mass, galaxies in one type of environment cluster differently from galaxies in another. We demonstrate that a more complete model of the galaxy-halo connection can be constructed if both the mass and information regarding the local environment in which a halo is embedded are combined.
Roosting behavior of a Neotropical migrant songbird, the northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis, during the non‐breeding season

Several species of Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbirds appear to form roosting aggregations while on their wintering grounds but little is understood about the ecology of this behavior. We studied roosting behavior and patterns of roost habitat selection in the northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis, during three winter years (2002� 2004) in Puerto Rico using radio telemetry. Overall, red mangrove was selected for roosting disproportionately to its availability. Regardless of diurnal habitat used, 87% (n � 86) of northern waterthrush selected dense stands of coastal red mangrove for roost sites. Individuals traveled up to 2 km to access roost sites in this habitat on a daily basis. The majority (8 of 14) of individuals roosted alone, while others roosted in loose aggregations near communal roosts of gray kingbirds Tyrannus dominicensis. Patterns of roost site selection did not vary by sex. Individuals showing aggressive response to playback during the day, however, selected roost sites significantly closer to the coast. Several additional migratory and resident bird species also used red mangrove for night-time roosting habitat. Red mangrove may be a critical nocturnal roosting habitat for bird populations that live in proximity to coastal areas in the Neotropics. The benefits of nocturnal roosting behavior as well as why individuals appear to select red mangrove remain poorly understood.
Multiple yield curve modelling with CBI processes

We develop a modelling framework for multiple yield curves driven by continuous-state branching processes with immigration (CBI processes). Exploiting the self-exciting behavior of CBI jump processes, this approach can reproduce the relevant empirical features of spreads between different interbank rates. In particular, we introduce multi-curve models driven by a flow of tempered alpha-stable CBI processes. Such models are especially parsimonious and tractable, and can generate contagion effects among different spreads. We provide a complete analytical framework, including a detailed study of discounted exponential moments of CBI processes. The proposed approach allows for explicit valuation formulae for all linear interest rate derivatives and semi-closed formulae for non-linear derivatives via Fourier techniques and quantization. We show that a simple specification of the model can be successfully calibrated to market data.
Are optical quantum information processing experiments possible without beamsplitter

The significance of beamsplitter in experimental optical quantum information processing and quantum technology is discussed with a focus on the role of a beamsplitter-type Hamiltonian in the recent development in this field of research. Here, we follow a new approach to briefly describe quantum measurement, Bell measurement, quantum state engineering, quantum teleportation, cryptography, and computation using both discrete and continuous variables to establish the wide applications of beamsplitter-type operation. Finally, we also discuss the limitations of this linear optical element.
On a New Graph defined on the order of elements of a Finite Group.

In this paper, the author has introduced a new graph structure called the \textbf{Co-Prime Order Graph} $\Theta(G)$ on a finite group $G$ whose vertex set is $G$ and any two vertexes $x,y$ in $\Theta(G)$ are adjacent if and only if $\gcd(o(x),o(y))=1$ or prime. We study how the graph properties of $\Theta(G)$ and group properties of $G$ are related among themselves. We have given various conditions when $\Theta(G)$ is connected, complete, planar and Hamiltonian when $G=\Bbb Z_n$ and $G=D_n$ for various $n\in \Bbb N$. We have also found when the graph $\Theta(G)$ is Eulerian for any finite group $G$. We have also studied the vertex connectivity of $\Theta(\Bbb Z_n)$ for various $n\in \Bbb N. $ Finally we have computed the Signless Laplacian Spectra of $\Theta(G)$ when $G=\Bbb Z_n$ and $G=D_n$ for $n=pq$ and $n=p^m$ where $p,q$ are primes and $m\in \Bbb Z$.
Unbiased Differential Size Evolution and the Inside-out Growth of Galaxies in the Deep CANDELS GOODS Fields at 1 ≤ z ≤ 7

We present a size analysis of a sample of ∼49,000 galaxies from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Survey GOODS North and South fields, using redshift-independent relative surface-brightness metrics to determine an unbiased measure of the differential size evolution of galaxies at 1 ≤ z ≤ 7. We introduce a novel method of removing foreground objects from distant galaxy (z > 3) images that makes use of the Lyman break at 912 Å, in what we call “2D Lyman-break imaging. ” The images used are in the rest-frame optical at z < 3 and progressively bluer bands at z > 3. They are therefore subject to K-correction and cosmological dimming effects, which are tested and corrected for. We separately consider a mass-selected sample (with masses in the range 109M⊙ ≤ M* ≤ 1010.5M⊙) and a number-density-selected sample (using a constant number density of n = 1 × 10−4Mpc−3). Instead of utilizing the commonly used, but potentially biased, effective radii for size measurements, we measure the redshift-independent Petrosian radius, defined by the parameter η, for each galaxy for three values of η, and use this as a proxy for size. The evolution of the measured radii can be described by a power law of the form RPetr = α(1+z)β kpc where β < 0. We find that the outer radius increases more rapidly, suggesting that as a galaxy grows, mass is added to its outer regions via an inside-out growth. This growth is stronger for the number-density-selected sample, with a growth rate of nearly three in the outer radii compared to the inner. We test and confirm these results using a series of image simulations.
Flow chart of men included in study

Sujenthiran, A; Nossiter, J; Charman, SC; Parry, M; Dasgupta, P; van der Meulen, J; Cathcart, PJ; Clarke, NW; Payne, H; Aggarwal, A; (2017) National Population-Based Study Comparing TreatmentRelated Toxicity in Men Who Received Intensity Modulated Versus 3-Dimensional Conformal Radical Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. ISSN 0360-3016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp. 2017.07. 040 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/4478219/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp. 2017.07. 040
Entanglement and classical fluctuations at finite-temperature critical points

We investigate several entanglement-related quantities at finite-temperature criticality in the three-dimensional quantum spherical model, both as a function of temperature T and of the quantum parameter g, which measures the strength of quantum fluctuations. While the von Neumann and the Rényi entropies exhibit a volume-law for any g and T, the mutual information obeys an area law. The prefactors of the volume-law and of the area-law are regular across the transition, reflecting that universal singular terms vanish at the transition. This implies that the mutual information is dominated by nonuniversal contributions. This hampers its use as a witness of criticality, at least in the spherical model. We also study the logarithmic negativity. For any value of g, T, the negativity exhibits an area-law. The negativity vanishes deep in the paramagnetic phase, it is larger at small temperature, and it decreases upon increasing the temperature. For any g, it exhibits the so-called sudden death, i.e. it is exactly zero for large enough T. The vanishing of the negativity defines a ‘death line’, which we characterise analytically at small g. Importantly, for any finite T the area-law prefactor is regular across the transition, whereas it develops a cusp-like singularity in the limit . Finally, we consider the single-particle entanglement and negativity spectra. The vast majority of the levels are regular across the transition. Only the larger ones exhibit singularities. These are related to the presence of a zero mode, which reflects the symmetry breaking. This implies the presence of sub-leading singular terms in the entanglement entropies. Interestingly, since the larger levels do not contribute to the negativity, sub-leading singular corrections are expected to be suppressed for the negativity.
Are ICT, Human Capital and Organizational Capital Complementary in Production? Evidence from Italian Panel Data

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are believed to play a central role in determining productivity, especially when ICT investments are complemented in investments in Organizational Capital and Human Capital. In this paper we explore the ICT-Organizational Innovation-Human Capital complementarities issue for the Manufacturing sector in Italy. We use data from the 7th, 8th and 9th waves of the "Indagine sulle Imprese Manifatturiere Italiane", which contains information on ICT investments, organizational innovations, the skill composition of the work-force and on many other variables (measured at the firm level). From these three waves we create an unbalanced panel, and we take the wave-to-wave variation in the log of productivity and regress it on a series of explanatory variables, including ICT investment, the presence of organizational innovations, the skill composition of the work force and their interactions. On these differenced data we run OLS and find no evidence of the complementary hypothesis between ICT investment and organizational innovations, which is per se an interesting result, given that for many other (European) countries there exists significant evidence of complementarity. This is perhaps due to 1) the focus on manufacturing firms and 2) the fact that most firms in our dataset are medium-small firms (i.e. organizational change is more complementary with ICT investment for large firms). Our data also signal that the skill composition of the work-force is a strong determinant of productivity (either alone or when interacted with other potentially complementary assets). Finally, ICT investment is a complement to human capital in stimulating productivity growth.
Tracing the Formation of Molecular Clouds in a Low-metallicity Galaxy: An H i Narrow Self-absorption Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud

Cold atomic hydrogen clouds are the precursors of molecular clouds. Due to self-absorption, the opacity of cold atomic hydrogen may be high, and this gas may constitute an important mass component of the interstellar medium. Atomic hydrogen gas can be cooled to temperatures much lower than found in the cold neutral medium through collisions with molecular hydrogen. In this paper, we search for H i narrow self-absorption (HINSA) features in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) as an indicator of such cold H i clouds, and use the results to quantify atomic masses and atomic-to-molecular gas ratio. Our search for HINSA features was conducted toward molecular clouds in the LMC using the ATCA+Parkes H i survey and the MAGMA CO survey. HINSA features are prevalent in the surveyed sightlines. This is the first detection of HINSA in an external galaxy. The HINSA-H i/ ratio in the LMC varies from 0.5 × 10−3 to 3.4 × 10−3 (68% interval), with a mean value of (1.31 ± 0.03) × 10−3, after correcting for the effect of foreground H i gas. This is similar to the Milky Way value and indicates that similar fractions of cold gas exist in the LMC and the Milky Way, despite their differing metallicities, dust content and radiation fields. The low ratio also confirms that, as with the Milky Way, the formation timescale of molecular clouds is short. The ratio shows no radial gradient, unlike the case for stellar metallicity. No correlation is found between our results and those from previous H i absorption studies of the LMC.
Resistant grape varieties and market acceptance: an evaluation based on experimental economics

We analyze consumers’ evaluations of white wines from resistant varieties, produced in the Languedoc winegrowing region of France (2016 vintage). We use the results from a laboratory experiment performed in Paris in June 2017, where a panel of more than one hundred and sixty consumers, regular buyers of this type of wine, were asked to evaluate a wine of the Bouquet 3159 grape variety (monogenic variety resistant to mildew and powdery mildew and optimized for quality) and compare it with two conventional wines of different quality levels, and with a certified organic wine of similar type and price. The environmental and health performances and the production methods of the different wines were quantified according to several indicators: treatment frequency indicator (TFI) and pesticide residue analysis. The consumers first evaluated the wines after tasting, having been given only a minimum amount of information about the region of origin and the vintage, then again after receiving information on production methods and the levels of our indicators. The method used to lend credibility to individual valuations used experimental economics, via a mechanism based on direct disclosure of their willingness to pay (maximum purchase price for a bottle of wine according to available information). The results showed that, on a purely sensory level, consumers had difficulty in accepting wine from a resistant variety. We were then able to see that communication focusing on environmental and health performances very much improved the position of the resistant variety of wine, putting it ultimately at the top of the average qualitative evaluations. In economic terms, we show that this promotion results in high market share, gained from conventional wines. Market share losses were lower, however, for the premium conventional wine, suggesting that the higher quality wines would be less directly challenged by wines produced from resistant varieties.
Exciton diffusion in monolayer semiconductors with suppressed disorder

Tightly bound excitons in monolayer semiconductors represent a versatile platform to study two-dimensional propagation of neutral quasiparticles. Their intrinsic properties, however, can be severely obscured by spatial energy fluctuations due to a high sensitivity to the immediate environment. Here, we take advantage of the encapsulation of individual layers in hexagonal boron nitride to strongly suppress environmental disorder. Diffusion of excitons is then directly monitored using time and spatially resolved emission microscopy at ambient conditions. We consistently find very efficient propagation with linear diffusion coefficients up to 10 cm(2)/s, corresponding to room-temperature effective mobilities as high as 400 cm(2)/Vs as well as a correlation between rapid diffusion and short population lifetime. At elevated densities we detect distinct signatures of many-particle interactions and consequences of strongly suppressed Auger-type exciton-exciton annihilation. A combination of analytical and numerical theoretical approaches is employed to provide pathways toward comprehensive understanding of the observed linear and nonlinear propagation phenomena. We emphasize the role of dark exciton states and present a mechanism for diffusion facilitated by free-electron hole plasma from entropy-ionized excitons.
Estimating the Molecular Gas Mass of Low-redshift Galaxies from a Combination of Mid-infrared Luminosity and Optical Properties

We present CO (J = 1−0) and/or CO (J = 2−1) spectroscopy for 31 galaxies selected from the ongoing Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, obtained with multiple telescopes. This sample is combined with CO observations from the literature to study the correlation of the CO luminosities ( ) with the mid-infrared luminosities at 12 ( ) and 22 μm ( ), as well as the dependence of the residuals on a variety of galaxy properties. The correlation with is tighter and more linear, but galaxies with relatively low stellar masses ( M⊙) and blue colors ( and/or NUV − r ≲ 3) fall significantly below the mean – relation. We propose a new estimator of the CO (1−0) luminosity (and thus the total molecular gas mass Mmol) that is a linear combination of three parameters: , , and g − r. We show that, with a scatter of only 0.18 dex in log , this estimator provides unbiased estimates for galaxies of different properties and types. An immediate application of this estimator to a compiled sample of galaxies with only CO (J = 2−1) observations yields a distribution of the CO (J = 2−1) to CO (J = 1−0) luminosity ratios (R21) that agrees well with the distribution of real observations, in terms of both the median and the shape. Application of our estimator to the current MaNGA sample reveals a gas-poor population of galaxies that are predominantly early-type and show no correlation between molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratio and star formation rate, in contrast to gas-rich galaxies. We also provide alternative estimators with similar scatters, based on r- and/or z-band luminosities instead of . These estimators serve as cheap and convenient Mmol proxies to be potentially applied to large samples of galaxies, thus allowing statistical studies of gas-related processes of galaxies.