Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The formin FRL1 (FMNL1) is an essential component of macrophage podosomes

Podosomes are highly dynamic actin‐rich adhesion structures in cells of myeloid lineage and some transformed cells. Unlike transformed mesenchymal cell types, podosomes are the sole adhesion structure in macrophage and thus mediate all contact with adhesion substrate, including movement through complex tissues for immune surveillance. The existence of podosomes in inflammatory macrophages and transformed cell types suggest an important role in tissue invasion. The proteome, assembly, and maintenance of podosomes are emerging, but remain incompletely defined. Previously, we reported a formin homology sequence and actin assembly activity in association with macrophage β‐3 integrin. In this study we demonstrate by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting that the formin FRL1 is specifically upregulated during monocyte differentiation to macrophages. We show that the formin FRL1 localizes to the actin‐rich cores of primary macrophage podosomes. FRL1 co‐precipitates with beta‐3 integrin and both fixed and live cell fluorescence microscopy show that endogenous and overexpressed FRL1 selectively localize to macrophage podosomes. Targeted disruption of FRL1 by siRNA results in reduced cell adhesion and disruption of podosome dynamics. Our data suggest that FRL1 is responsible for modifying actin at the macrophage podosome and may be involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics during adhesion and migration within tissues. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of Delirium on Clinical Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit Patients: An Observational Study in a Korean General Hospital

Jeong-Hyun Sohn, MD, Se-Hee Na, MD, PhD, Cheung Soo Shin, MD, PhD, Injung Sohn, MD, Joo-Young Oh, MD, Ji-sun An, Suk-Kyoon An, MD, PhD, Jae-Jin Kim, MD, PhD, and Jin Young Park, MD, PhD Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea 2 Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Severance Mental Health Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Alcohol and drug use outcomes among vulnerable women living with HIV: results from the Western Cape Women's Health CoOp

Alcohol and other drug use can negatively affect adherence to and retention in antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS. Yet, there are few brief interventions that reduce these behaviors among this population. This article presents the findings from a randomized field experiment that assessed the effects of a woman-focused intervention (the Women's Health CoOp [WHC]) on reducing alcohol and other drug use among vulnerable women in Cape Town, South Africa. The analyses were limited to 84 women living with HIV who reported drinking alcohol at baseline. Because of the small sample size, analyses were performed using an exact logistic regression procedure. At 12-month follow-up, women in the WHC arm were more likely to be abstinent from alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 3.61; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.23, 11.70; p = 0.016) and somewhat more likely to test negative for other drugs (OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 0.83, 12.31; p = 0.105), compared with women in the comparison arms. This study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of a brief, woman-focused intervention in reducing alcohol and other drug use among vulnerable women living with HIV and it has implications for HIV treatment.
Underage youth trading sex in the Philippines: trafficking and HIV risk

This study examines the socio-structural sexual health risks of female youth (aged 14–17) working in bar/spa venues and brothels in the Philippines, compared to their older counterparts. Aside from this study, few female sex work studies have interviewed youth under 18. On four southern Philippines islands, 770 female sex workers (FSWs), aged 14–48, were recruited from bar/spa venues and brothels to participate in a socio-structural HIV prevention study. Controlling for the effects of a larger HIV prevention intervention study involving 1484 female bar/spa workers, the minors, compared to older FSWs, had less education (AOR: 0.81, CI: 0.70–0.94), less children (AOR: 0.19, CI: 0.10–0.37), and were more likely to work in illegal brothels (AOR: 4.60, CI: 1.66–12.75) and to be high on drugs during sex (AOR: 2.26, CI: 1.39–3.67). It was less likely that anyone talked to them about HIV prevention (AOR: 0.32, CI: 0.15–0.72), but more likely they were recruited by venue owners (AOR: 5.67, 1.56–20.56) and were told by their managers to have sex without a condom (AOR: 6.80, CI: 2.06–22.39). Results suggest a need for organizational and policy level interventions to protect adolescent females from working in unsafe environments in the Philippines and to prevent youth from being recruited into high-risk situations.
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of 3 Depression Measures in a Sample of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury and Major Depressive Disorder

Objectives:To explore the psychometric properties of 3 widely used measures of depression in a sample of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and major depressive disorder and refine them to maximize efficiency. Design:Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression after TBI. Setting:Nationwide recruitment from community and clinical settings. Participants:One hundred adults within 10 years of complicated mild to severe TBI. Intervention:Telephone and in-person cognitive-behavioral therapy. Main Measures:Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Symptom Checklist-20, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results:We used Rasch rating scale analysis and multilevel modeling to investigate the 3 measures. Measurement properties of each of the depression measures were strong. We explored modifications to the rating scales to improve efficiency while retaining strong psychometric characteristics. Correlations among these revised measures were high. Treatment effects of each revised depression measure were compared using a multilevel model, and effect size estimates were comparable among the revised PHQ-9, Symptom Checklist-20, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Conclusions:Although each of the 3 measures demonstrated adequate reliability, the efficiency of all 3 instruments was improved with rating scale analysis. The PHQ-9 required the fewest modifications and functions well as a measure of depression among those with TBI.
Commercial lubricant use among HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Los Angeles: implications for the development of rectal microbicides for HIV prevention

To inform the development and assess potential use of rectal microbicide gels for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM), we examined the dynamics and contexts of commercial lubricant use during receptive anal intercourse (RAI) within this population. From 2007 to 2010, 168 HIV-negative MSM living in Los Angeles who practice RAI completed computer-assisted self-interviews, which collected information on their last sexual event with ≤3 recent partners, at baseline, three months, and one-year study visits. Logistic generalized linear mixed models were used to identify individual- and sexual event-level characteristics associated with commercial lubricant use during RAI at the last sexual event within 421 partnerships reported by participants over the course of follow-up. During RAI at their last sexual event, 57% of partnerships used a condom and 69% used commercial lubricant. Among partnerships that used commercial lubricant, 56% reported lubricant application by both members of the partnership, 66% first applied lubricant during sex, but before penetration, and 98% applied lubricant at multiple locations. The relationship between substance use and commercial lubricant use varied by condom use (interaction p-value = 0.01). Substance use was positively associated with commercial lubricant use within partnerships that did not use condoms during RAI at their last sexual event (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–12.28), but no association was observed within partnerships that did use condoms (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.23–1.85). Commercial lubricant use during RAI was also positively associated with reporting more sexual partners (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), while older age (units = 5 years; AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.94), homelessness (past year; AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76), and having sex with an older (>10 years) partner (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14–0.95) were negatively associated with commercial lubricant use. These factors should be considered in the development of rectal microbicide gels to enhance their acceptability and use among MSM.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services and Outcomes for Transition-Age Youth With Traumatic Brain Injuries

Objective:This study examined data provided by the US Department of Education's Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) in an effort to evaluate the relationship between (a) demographic variables and vocational rehabilitation (VR) services and (b) the employment outcomes of transition-age youth with traumatic brain injuries. Setting:Not applicable. Participants: Data for 1546 transition-age youth (ie, 16-25 years of age) with traumatic brain injuries were examined. Design:Purposeful selection of multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the data. Main Measures:Not applicable. Results:Receipt of more VR services at higher expenditure levels over shorter periods of time was related to case closure in successful competitive employment status. Also, higher levels of education at the time of enrollment in the VR program (ie, bachelor's degrees or higher); nonreceipt of social security disability benefits at the time of enrollment in the VR program; and receipt of VR services such as occupational/vocational training, job search, job placement, on-the-job support, maintenance, and information/referral were associated with competitive employment outcomes. Conclusion:Client demographic and VR service–related variables significantly predict competitive employment outcomes for transition-age youth with traumatic brain injuries. Vocational rehabilitation services should focus on the specific interventions that are most closely associated with successful rehabilitation.
Groupings of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Approach to Classifying Traumatic Brain Injury in the Post-Acute Period

Objective: To (1) identify groups of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who differ on 12 dimensions of cognitive function: cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms; personal strengths; physical functioning; environmental supports; and performance validity; and (2) describe patterns of differences among the groups on these dimensions and on participation outcome. Setting: Three centers for rehabilitation of persons with TBI. Participants: A total of 504 persons with TBI living in the community who were an average (standard deviation) of 6.3 (6.8) years postinjury and who had capacity to give consent, could be interviewed and tested in English, and were able to participate in an assessment lasting up to 4 hours. Design: Observational study of a convenience sample of persons with TBI. Main Measures: Selected scales from the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life measures, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Economic Quality of Life Scale, Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale, measures of cognitive function, Word Memory Test, and Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools–Objective (PART-O) scale. Results: Cluster analysis identified 5 groups of persons with TBI who differed in clinically meaningful ways on the 12 dimension scores and the PART-O scale. Conclusion: Cluster groupings identified in this study could assist clinicians with case conceptualization and treatment planning.
Differential regulation of β2‐adrenoceptor‐mediated inotropic and lusitropic response by PDE3 and PDE4 in failing and non‐failing rat cardiac ventricle

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β‐Adrenoceptors play a major role in regulating myocardial function through cAMP‐dependent pathways. Different phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate intracellular cAMP‐pools and thereby contribute to the compartmentalization of cAMP‐dependent effects. We explored the involvement of PDEs in limiting the β2 adrenoceptor‐mediated positive inotropic (PIR) and lusitropic (LR) responses in sham‐operated (Sham) and failing rat hearts.
Inhibition of myosin II triggers morphological transition and increased nuclear motility

We investigate the effect of myosin II inhibition on cell shape and nuclear motility in cultures of mouse radial glia‐like neural progenitor and rat glioma C6 cells. Instead of reducing nucleokinesis, the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin provokes an elongated bipolar morphology and increased nuclear motility in both cell types. When myosin II is active, time‐resolved traction force measurements indicate a pulling force between the leading edge and the nucleus of C6 cells. In the absence of myosin II activity, traction forces during nucleokinesis are diminished below the sensitivity threshold of our assay. By visualizing the centrosome position in C6 cells with GFP‐centrin, we show that in the presence or absence of myosin II activity, the nucleus tends to overtake or lag behind the centrosome, respectively. We interpret these findings with the help of a simple viscoelastic model of the cytoskeleton consisting active contractile and passive compressed elements. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long-Term School Outcomes of Children and Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective: To better understand the impact of age at injury, severity of injury, and time since injury on long-term school outcomes of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: Four groups of children: complicated mild/moderate TBI (n = 23), severe TBI (n = 56), orthopedic injury (n = 35), and healthy controls (n = 42). Children with TBI were either 2 years postinjury or 6 years postinjury. Design: Cross-sectional design. Measures: School records as well as parental ratings of functional academic skills and school competency. Results: Children with severe TBI had consistently high usage of school services and low school competency ratings than children with orthopedic injuries and healthy controls. In contrast, children with complicated-mild/moderate TBI were significantly more likely to receive school support services and have lower competence ratings at 6 years than at 2 years postinjury. Students injured at younger ages had lower functional academic skill ratings than those injured at older ages. Conclusions: These findings highlight the increasing academic challenges faced over time by students with complicated-mild/moderate TBI and the vulnerability of younger children to poorer development of functional academic skills.
An axonemal PP2A B‐subunit is required for PP2A localization and flagellar motility

Analysis of Chlamydomonas axonemes revealed that the protein phosphatase, PP2A, is localized to the outer doublet microtubules and is implicated in regulation of dynein‐driven motility. We tested the hypothesis that PP2A is localized to the axoneme by a specialized, highly conserved 55‐kDa B‐type subunit identified in the Chlamydomonas flagellar proteome. The B‐subunit gene is defective in the motility mutant pf4. Consistent with our hypothesis, both the B‐ and C‐ subunits of PP2A fail to assemble in pf4 axonemes, while the dyneins and other axonemal structures are fully assembled in pf4 axonemes. Two pf4 intragenic revertants were recovered that restore PP2A to the axonemes and re‐establish nearly wild‐type motility. The revertants confirmed that the slow‐swimming Pf4 phenotype is a result of the defective PP2A B‐subunit. These results demonstrate that the axonemal B‐subunit is, in part, an anchor protein required for PP2A localization and that PP2A is required for normal ciliary motility. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurofilament phosphorylation regulates axonal transport by an indirect mechanism: A merging of opposing hypotheses

Neurofilaments (NFs) are among the most abundant constituents of the axonal cytoskeleton. NFs consist of four subunits, termed NF‐H, NF‐M and NF‐L, corresponding to heavy, medium and light in reference to their molecular mass and α‐internexin. Phosphorylation of the C‐terminal “sidearms” of NF‐H and NF‐M regulates the ability of NFs to form a cytoskeletal lattice that supports the mature axon. C‐terminal phosphorylation events have classically been considered to regulate NF axonal transport. By contrast, studies demonstrating that NF axonal transport was not accelerated following sidearm deletion provided evidence that phosphorylation does not regulate NF transport. Herein, we demonstrate how comparison of transport and distribution of differentially phosphorylated NFs along axons identify common ground between these hypotheses and may resolve this controversy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quercetin potentiates insulin secretion and protects INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cells against oxidative damage via the ERK1/2 pathway

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quercetin lowers plasma glucose, normalizes glucose tolerance tests and preserves pancreatic β‐cell integrity in diabetic rats. However, its mechanism of action has never been explored in insulin‐secreting β‐cells. Using the INS‐1 β‐cell line, the effects of quercetin were determined on glucose‐ or glibenclamide‐induced insulin secretion and on β‐cell dysfunctions induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These effects were analysed along with the activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) and resveratrol, two antioxidants also known to exhibit some anti‐diabetic properties, were used for comparison.
Mothers' health services utilization and health care seeking behaviour during infant rearing: A longitudinal community based study, south west Ethiopia

Background: data from different studies showed health care behaviour and estimated per capita health care expenditure for the general population, but the specific data for infants at different levels of care are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe mothers' health service utilization during pregnancy and delivery, determine their health seeking behaviour and health care expenditures for infants during the first year of life. Methods: The study was longitudinal community based study consisted of a cohort of 8273 live births, their mothers and families between September 1992 and October 1994 in rural and urban settings in Jimma, Illubabor and Kefecho Zones, Southwest Ethiopia. Mothers were interviewed for their health care utilization during pregnancy and delivery. Occurrences of any illness for infants and mothers health care utilization during pregnancy and delivery. Occurrence of any illness for infants and mothers health seeking behavior was collected with the bimonthly visit for a period of 12 months. Results: Mothers' health seeking behaviour for ill babies at the various levels of care showed that 46.5, 42.7, 48.241. 6 percent of diarrhea, cough, fever, and other illnesses, respectively, got treatment in health institutions. More than a quarter of ill-infants didn't get any kind of help be it at home, traditional or health institutions. The average health care expenditure in infancy was estimated to be 7.92 birr and it increased with increasing level of education and monthly family income. In all treatment groups about 43 to 58 percent of ill infants claimed to have been cured with highest cure proportion for diarrhea cases after the first treatment was given. Conclusion: improved socioeconomic status of families and at least elementary schooling of mothers would change mothers' behaviour in seeking care for infants in health institution and increase the power of the family to spend some of their earnings for better care. Improving and providing at least primary health care services in rural areas needs considerations on the side of planners and health care provider. Key words: infants, health seeking behaviour, expenditure, level of care. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2002;16(Special Issue):51-58]
Mechanical and functional properties of epothilone‐stabilized microtubules

Using a suite of biophysical tools, we assess the mechanical, structural, and functional properties of microtubules (MTs) stabilized by the chemotherapeutic compounds epothilone‐A, epothilone‐B, and taxol in vitro. We demonstrate that MTs stabilized by epothilone‐A or epothilone‐B are competent to bind tau proteins and support kinesin translocation. Kinesin speed is sensitive not only to the type of small molecule stabilizer used but also to the presence of the essential MT‐associated protein tau. Epothilone‐stabilized MTs are substantially less stiff than taxol‐stabilized MTs. The addition of tau proteins to MTs stabilized by either epothilone compound or taxol further reduces stiffness. Taken together, these results suggest that small molecule stabilizers do not simply stabilize a “native” MT structure, but rather they modulate the structure, function, and mechanics of the MTs they bind. This may have important consequences to the therapeutic use of these agents in cancer chemotherapies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Participation in Healthcare: the Views and Experiences of Children and Young People

Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the child's right to be heard and to be involved in decisions made about him/her. Effective implementation of the provision can have a lasting impact on children's lives but it presents challenges, especially in areas like healthcare where the dynamics and pressures of the healthcare setting and the role of parents influence proceedings. Research involving children shows that their experience in this area is mixed, although they have a clear sense of the importance of being listened to about their healthcare and how their treatment can be improved. The similarities between children's opinions on what they want from the healthcare experience and what Article 12 and the Convention generally set out to achieve is reassuring and presents a strong template as to how to strengthen the protection of children's rights in the healthcare setting.
Training Emotional Processing in Persons With Brain Injury

AimsTo determine the effectiveness of 2 interventions for different aspects of emotion-processing deficits in adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). ParticipantsNineteen participants with ABI (minimum 1 year postinjury) from Western New York and Southern Ontario, Canada. Interventions(1) Emotion processing from faces (“facial affect recognition” or FAR) and (2) emotion processing from written context by using “stories of emotional inference” (SEI). Ten randomly assigned participants received the FAR intervention, and 9 received the SEI protocol. Both interventions were administered 1 hour per day, 3 times per week, and completed in 6 to 9 sessions, and both incorporated participants' personal emotional experiences into training. Outcome Measures(1) Facial affect, (2) vocal affect, (3) affect from videos, (4) emotional inference from context, and (5) emotional behavior. There were 2 pretests, a posttest, and a 2-week follow-up. ResultsFAR participants showed significantly improved emotion recognition from faces, ability to infer emotions from context, and socioemotional behavior, while the SEI group members exhibited significantly improved ability to infer how they would feel in a given context. ConclusionTraining can improve emotion perception in persons with ABI. Although further research is needed, the interventions are clinically practical and show promise for the population with ABI.