Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Generating Virtual Movement from Textual Instructions A Case Study in Quality Assessment

Many application areas ranging from serious games for health to learning by demonstration in robotics, could benefit from large body movement datasets extracted from textual instructions accompanied by images. The interpretation of instructions for the automatic generation of the corresponding motions (e.g. exercises) and the validation of these movements are difficult tasks. In this article we describe a first step towards achieving automated extraction. We have recorded five different exercises in random order with the help of seven amateur performers using a Kinect. During the recording, we found that the same exercise was interpreted differently by each human performer even though they were given identical textual instructions. We performed a quality assessment study based on that data using a crowdsourcing approach and tested the inter-rater agreement for different types of visualizations, where the RGBbased visualization showed the best agreement among the annotators.
A Discussion about Defects Passivation and Etching Mechanisms in Polycrystalline Silicon Hydrogenated by MW-ECR Plasma

In this work we have investigated the microwave plasma discharge assisted by electron cyclotron resonance for hydrogenation of thin film polycrystalline n + pp + silicon solar cells in terms of defects passivation and surface etching. The polycrystalline silicon films were formed by high temperature chemical vapor deposition. Influence of various process parameters such as microwave plasma power (PMW), hydrogenation time (tH) and substrate temperature (TH) on the sheet resistance of the n + emitter region and on the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the n + pp + structure were investigated. The n + emitter region was obtained by phosphorus diffusion using a spin-on dopant P507 solution from filmtronics. After 75 min of hydrogenation, Voc is greatly improved by a factor of 2.5 and reaches values up to 440 mV at 500°C and microwave power of 650W. This enhancement in Voc after plasma hydrogenation is originating from a reducing recombination velocity at the grain boundaries due to the passivation of dangling bonds by hydrogen atoms, leading to an important increasing of the diffusion length. Above our hydrogenation parameters values, degradation is observed, especially an etching of the emitter region. The origin of such behaviour were thoroughly explained in detail.
Automated Theory Formation: The Next Generation

Automated Theory Formation was introduced as a computational model for how mathematical theories could be formed from the bare minimum such as a set of axioms or some background concepts in a domain of pure mathematics such as group theory, graph theory or number theory. The approach consists of using production rules to form new concepts from old ones, and employing a set of measures of interestingness to drive a heuristic search. Empirical pattern-based conjecture making techniques are used to find relationships between concepts, and third party automated reasoning systems are employed to prove the truth of the conjectures or find counterexamples. Automated Theory Formation has been applied to a number of discovery tasks which have led to the publication of mathematical results in the literature. In recent years, the approach has been extended, improved and generalised. This has been done via appeals to the philosophy of mathematics, namely Lakatos’s suggestions in the book Proofs and Refutations describing ways in which mathematicians find and respond to counterexamples, using them to evolve concepts, conjectures and proofs within a mathematical theory. The resulting computational approach extends Automated Theory Formation by modelling ways in which mathematicians discuss counterexamples and their implications for the conjecture at hand. The recent extensions also appeal to cognitive science results, in particular Baar’s suggestions in the Global Workspace Architecture theory of mammalian consciousness. The resulting computational approach involves configuring a framework for the combination of reasoning systems leading to more sophisticated and applied theory formation approaches. We survey these extensions here, in addition to other projects that have added to our understanding of Automated Theory Formation. We also frame these approaches within a broader picture, specifically with reference to Mathematical Theory Exploration approaches. We end with a discussion of future applications and extensions of Automated Theory Formation.
The Effect of Isometric Training on Prevention of Bone Density Reduction in Injured Limbs During a Period of Immobilization

The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of isometric trainingonprevention of bone density reductionin injured limbs during a period of immobilization. In this semi-empirical research, 60 individuals injuries to thefemur and needed at least one month of post-injury immobilization and had come to the medical centers of Ilam Province were selected and randomly divided into a control group (mean and standard deviation: 27.87±3.10 years of age, 172.03±2.46 cm of height, and 68.14±2.94 kg of weight) and an experimental group(mean and standard deviation: 28.68±4.26 years of age, 172.18±2.59 cm of height, and 66.46±3.65 kg of weight). The bone mineral density of the samples was measured using the DEXA system. Mean and standard deviation were used for statistical description and correlated t-test andmixed analysis of variance (2×2)were used for inferential analysis of the data. The findings of the research revealed that isometric training not only prevents the reduction of bony mineral density in the neck and greater trochanter of the femur, but also significantly increasesthe bonemineral density in these regions. Isometric exercises are not only effective for preventing reduction of bone density in the injured limb, but it also increases the density of the injured bone.
Do non‐native invasive fish support elevated lamprey populations?

1. Managing populations of predators and their prey to achieve conservation or resource management goals is usually technically challenging and frequently socially controversial. This is true even in the simplest ecosystems but can be made much worse when predator-prey relationships are influenced by complex interactions, such as biological invasions, population trends or animal movements. 2. Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is a European stronghold for pollan Coregonus autumnalis, a coregonine fish and for river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, which feeds parasitically as an adult. Both species are of high conservation importance. Lampreys are known to consume pollan but detailed knowledge of their interactions is scant. While pollan is well known to be a landlocked species in Ireland, the life cycle of normally anadromous river lamprey in Lough Neagh has been unclear. The Lough is also a highly perturbed ecosystem, supporting several invasive, non-native fish species that have the potential to influence lamprey-pollan interactions. 3. We applied stable isotope techniques to resolve both the movement patterns of lamprey and trophic interactions in this complex community. Recognizing that stable isotope studies are often hampered by high-levels of variability and uncertainty in the systems of interest, we employed novel Bayesian mixing models, which incorporate variability and uncertainty. 4. Stable isotope analyses identified trout Salmo trutta and non-native bream Abramis brama as the main items in lamprey diet. Pollan only represented a major food source for lamprey between May and July. 5. Stable isotope ratios of carbon in tissues from 71 adult lamprey showed no evidence of marine carbon sources, strongly suggesting that Lough Neagh is host to a highly unusual, nonanadromous freshwater population. This finding marks out the Lough's lamprey population as of particular scientific interest and enhances the conservation significance of this feature of the Lough. 6.Synthesis and applications. Our Bayesian isotopic mixing models illustrate an unusual pattern of animal movement, enhancing conservation interest in an already threatened population. We have also revealed a complex relationship between lamprey and their food species that is suggestive of hyperpredation, whereby non-native species may sustain high lamprey populations that may in turn be detrimental to native pollan. Long-term conservation of lamprey and pollan in this system is likely to require management intervention, but in light of this exceptional complexity, no simple management options are currently supported. Conservation plans will require better characterization of population-level interactions and simulation modelling of interventions. More generally, our study demonstrates the importance of considering a full range of possible trophic interactions, particularly in complex ecosystems, and highlights Bayesian isotopic mixing models as powerful tools in resolving trophic relationships.
Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration

Summary Ecological restoration of grasslands is increasingly based on regional seeds derived from predefined seed transfer zones. However, the degree and spatial pattern of genetic differentiation among provenances of different seed transfer zones is largely unknown. We assessed the genetic differentiation among eight out of 22 German seed transfer zones for seven common grassland species (Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaurea jacea, Daucus carota, Galium album, Hypochaeris radicata, Knautia arvensis and Lychnis flos-cuculi) using AFLP markers. We analysed genetic population structure with AMOVA and Bayesian cluster analysis and tested for isolation by distance and isolation by environment. In all of the investigated species, almost all pairs of provenances were genetically differentiated. Bayesian cluster analysis revealed species-specific numbers and spatial patterns of gene pools, with between two (Arrhenatherum) and eight clusters (Lychnis). Most investigated seed transfer zones represented a unique gene pool in the majority of the species. We found isolation by distance in four species, isolation by environment, driven by climatic seasonality, in three species, and a lack of both in three species. Thus, the observed genetic differentiation appears to be caused by both neutral and adaptive processes. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that grassland plants are indeed strongly genetically differentiated across Germany supporting the strategy of seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. Although the predefined seed transfer zones are unlikely to match the exact genetic structure of many species, they serve their purpose by capturing a substantial amount of intraspecific genetic variation across species.
Changing Mass Priorities: The Link between Modernization and Democracy

A revised version of modernization theory implies that certain cultural variables (deeply-instilled attitudes among the public of a society) play an important role in democratization—and considerable empirical evidence supports this claim. Nevertheless, these variables are rarely used in econometric analysis of democratization. Why? One important reason is a tendency to view subjective mass orientations as volatile, relatively “soft” data. Analyzing data from many Large-N comparative survey projects, this article demonstrates that: (1) certain mass attitudes that are linked with modernization constitute attributes of given societies that are fully as stable as standard social indicators; (2) when treated as national-level variables, these attitudes seem to have predictive power comparable to that of widely-used social indicators in explaining important societal-level variables such as democracy; (3) national-level mean scores are a legitimate social indicator; and (4) one gets maximum analytic leverage by analyzing data from the full range of societies. We find numerous strong correlations between these subjective indicators and important societal attributes such as democracy, which suggest that causal linkages exist—but we do not attempt to demonstrate them here. Previous research has tested some of these linkages, finding support for causal interpretations, but conclusive tests of all the linkages shown here would require several book-length treatments. We briefly review some of the evidence supporting the conclusion that modernization leads to enduring mass attitudinal changes that are conducive to democracy.
Intention to Use SMS Vaccination Reminder and Management System among Health Centers in Malaysia: The Mediating Effect of Attitude

The purpose of this study is to find out influential factors of intention to use the proposed system among health centers by considering the technology acceptance model as the underlying theory. The proposed model of this study is tested using data collected from self-directed questionnaires filled up by 70 nurses in government hospitals and government clinics in Malaysia. A research method, which is based on the multi-analytical approach of Multiple Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks, helps to refine the results of this study. The compatibility of the proposed system only has a significant and positive effect on attitude to use the system among other factors. Moreover, health centers' intention to use the system is further influenced by their perceived usefulness than their attitude to use. The mediating effect of Attitude is also proved. However, there is not any statistically significant difference in Intention scores accounting for the participants' demographic characteristics. The implication of this study is that by developing the system, which fits to the current procedures of health centers, we give them positive feelings. IT educational programs also should be provided for nurses to identify the benefits of the proposed system. It is also important to consider the indirect effects from independent variables on intention to use the system. However, the system does not require to consider the demographic characteristics of its end users.
Organic residue analysis of Egyptian votive mummies and their research potential

Vast numbers of votive mummies were produced in Egypt during the Late Pharaonic, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods. Although millions remain in situ, many were removed and have ultimately entered museum collections around the world. There they have often languished as uncomfortable reminders of antiquarian practices with little information available to enhance their value as artefacts worthy of conservation or display. A multi-disciplinary research project, based at the University of Manchester, is currently redressing these issues. One recent aspect of this work has been the characterization of natural products employed in the mummification of votive bundles. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the well-established biomarker approach, analysis of 24 samples from 17 mummy bundles has demonstrated the presence of oils/fats, natural waxes, petroleum products, resinous exudates, and essential oils. These results confirm the range of organic materials employed in embalming and augment our understanding of the treatment of votives. In this first systematic initiative of its kind, initial findings point to possible trends in body treatment practices in relation to chronology, geography, and changes in ideology which will be investigated as the study progresses. Detailed knowledge of the substances used on individual bundles has also served to enhance their value as display items and aid in their conservation.
EXTENT OF RURAL WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL AND HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES

Women’s contribution to agriculture is seldom recognized in spite of their active role in the agriculture as well as household activities in developed as well as developing world. In order to probe into the matter that to what, extent women participate in agricultural and household activities, the present study was designed. Both proportionate and simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of study respondents. Tehsil Chistian of district Bahawalnagar acted as central area for the present study. Out of the whole tehsil four villages were randomly selected. From each of the selected village, 30 women were selected both from small and medium size families who were actively engage in farm as well as household activities. The data were collected with the help of validated interview schedule. The data, thus collected were analyzed by using descriptive test statistics to formulate results and draw conclusions. It was concluded that women’s participation is very much high in picking of cotton among farming activities. Among livestock activities, their participation was highest in cleaning of animal sheds. Looking after the family members was the main activity where women’s participation was highest in household activities.
Cheating and Feeling Honest: Committing and Punishing Analog versus Digital Academic Dishonesty Behaviors in Higher Education

Editor: Janice Whatley An earlier, shorter version of this paper was presented at the Chais conference 2016, in Raanana, Israel, and included in Y. Eshet-Alkalai, I. Blau, A. Caspi, N. Geri, Y. Kalman, & V. Silber-Varod (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th Chais Conference for the Study of Innovation and Learning Technologies 2016: Learning in the Technological Era. Raanana: The Open University of Israel. Cheating and Feeling Honest: Committing and Punishing Analog versus Digital Academic Dishonesty Behaviors in Higher Education
Impact of molecular structure on secondary organic aerosol formation fromaromatic hydrocarbon photooxidation under low-NO x conditions

Abstract. The molecular structure of volatile organic compounds determines their oxidation pathway, directly impacting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. This study comprehensively investigates the impact of molecular structure on SOA formation from the photooxidation of 12 different eight- to nine-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons under low-NOx conditions. The effects of the alkyl substitute number, location, carbon chain length and branching structure on the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons are demonstrated by analyzing SOA yield, chemical composition and physical properties. Aromatic hydrocarbons, categorized into five groups, show a yield order of ortho (o-xylene and o-ethyltoluene) > one substitute (ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene) > meta (m-xylene and m-ethyltoluene) > three substitute (trimethylbenzenes) > para (p-xylene and p-ethyltoluene). SOA yields of aromatic hydrocarbon photooxidation do not monotonically decrease when increasing alkyl substitute number. The ortho position promotes SOA formation while the para position suppresses aromatic oxidation and SOA formation. Observed SOA chemical composition and volatility confirm that higher yield is associated with further oxidation. SOA chemical composition also suggests that aromatic oxidation increases with increasing alkyl substitute chain length and branching structure. Further, carbon dilution conjecture developed by Li et al. (2016) is extended in this study to serve as a standard method to determine the extent of oxidation of an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon.
Emotional Intelligence in Healthcare workers in care centres in Ireland

This research investigated the current levels of emotional intelligence among healthcare workers in care centres in the Dublin/Kildare region of Ireland. The research also examined the relationships between various individual variables with emotional intelligence (EI) and the importance of personal traits and emotional intelligence competencies with level of emotional intelligence. A survey was conducted in four care centres in the Dublin/Kildare region and a total of 158 responses were received. The responses were analysed and it was found that the level of emotional intelligence among care workers is good but there is a scope for further improvement in terms of awareness of team members’ or others’ emotions and management of others’ emotions. The participants gave a very high importance to EI competencies of motivation. There was medium correlation found between levels of emotional intelligence and age, gender and number of years of work experience. Females had an average EI score that was 12% higher than that of males. Older individuals scored much higher on the EI test than younger age groups. Increasing work experience also had an effect on emotional intelligence especially with respect to awareness of own emotions. An interesting correlation was found between the importance of EI competency of motivation and high EI scores of participants. Similarly, there was a strong correlation between the importance given to personal traits of enthusiasm and conscientiousness with the emotional intelligence of the participants. All participants identified training as playing an important part in helping them with their job performance and meeting the challenges of working in the care centre. Care, compassion and empathy were rated as very relevant for the training content of healthcare workers in care centres. Overall, the competency of motivation and the personal traits of enthusiasm and conscientiousness are very relevant for high emotional intelligence and should be considered as criteria for recruitment and selection of healthcare workers. The training of healthcare workers should encourage development of EI competencies and skills for better job performance of the employees in care centres.
Biochemical components of Berberis lycium fruit and its effects on lipid profile in diabetic rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and lipid metabolism resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It not only leads to hyperglycemia but also may cause hyperlipidemia. Herbal medicines have always been considered as a healthy source of life. Although medicinal herbs and their derivatives have long been used for hyperlipidemia, their definite effects have not yet been proven by valid research. The aim of this study was to measure minerals in B. lycium fruit and to evaluate the effects of its ethanolic extract on lipid profile in diabetic rats. Methods: For this study 40 male Wistar rats were used and were divided into five equal groups. For induction of diabetes in animals, alloxan monohydrate was used. The animals were under treatment for 42 days. For healthy and diabetic control groups distilled water, for positive diabetic control metformin, for the fourth and fifth diabetic groups Berberis lycium extract in respectively 200 and 600 mg/kg dose were used, daily. Blood samples were collected from heart and lipid profile was measured with autoanalyzer and HPLC. Results: The results of the study indicated that iron level in Berberis lycium fruit was considerably high. In diabetic rats administered with Berberis lycium fruit extract in 600 mg/kg dose, the lipid profile decreased significantly (p Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the Berberis lycium fruit extract alleviates lipid profile level and might be used efficiently in hyperlipidemia, especially in diabetic patients. It may also be beneficial in iron deficiency.