Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Influences of Visual Angle and Retinal Speed on Measures of the Spiral Aftereffect

Duration and intensity of the SAE were judged under five conditions: Angle Constant (A)—retinal speed and visual angle were held constant across several spiral-size, viewing-distance combinations; Size-Constant—a single spiral size was used at several distances, with retinal speed either varied (S1) or held constant (S2); Distance Constant—several spiral sizes were used at a constant distance with retinal speed either varied (D1) or held constant (D2). Duration and intensity measures were affected similarly, with perceptual rather than physical variables seeming to account for the results. Assuming that perfect size constancy occurred during the experiment, SAE durations were longer, in general, for larger values of perceived size per unit of retinal size. Retinal speed variation had no apparent influence, except possibly at low values.
A Report of Forty Tumors of Sheep (Ovis Aries, Jordan)

The relative infrequency of the occurrence of neoplasms in the common domestic sheep is apparent to those whose duties bring them in contact with large numbers of these animals. Practising veterinarians rarely encounter the condition, and meat inspectors who examine many sheep that have been slaughtered for food seldom see a carcass in which there is a true tumor. The incidence of tumors of sheep compared to the other domesticated mammals, as cattle, swine, horses, and dogs, is strikingly low. This fact is evident from statistics of meat inspection and from data obtained from veterinary clinics. The relative infrequency of neoplasms in sheep is further attested to by the paucity of cases reported in the literature. The series of cases constituting the basis of this paper is the largest reported up to the present time. The series includes several unusual specimens. Review of the Literature So far as literature has been available, a review has been made of the cases of neoplasia of sheep. Williams commented on the relative infrequency of tumors in sheep and stated that in most of the few recorded cases the initial lesion was in the liver. In Sticker9s large series of approximately 1,200 primary carcinomas of common domestic animals, only 7 were from sheep. Five of these were primary in the liver, one was primary in the lung, and one was listed as primary in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
Religiosity and substance use and abuse among adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey.

OBJECTIVE To replicate previous findings among adults of an inverse association between religiosity and substance use among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. METHOD Subjects were 676 (328 female and 348 male) adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey who were assessed for substance use and abuse with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Religiosity was assessed through affiliation with religious denomination and through response to 7 questions concerning belief and practice. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses replicated in adolescents the 2 religiosity factors of personal devotion and personal conservatism previously identified by Kendler among adults, although the 2 factors were more highly correlated in adolescents than in adults. Personal devotion (a personal relationship with the Divine) and affiliation with more fundamentalist religious denominations were inversely associated with substance use and substance dependence or abuse across a range of substances (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, or any contraband drug). Personal conservatism (a personal commitment to teaching and living according to creed) was inversely associated with use of alcohol only. CONCLUSION Low levels of religiosity may be associated with adolescent onset of substance use and abuse.
Electrophysiological Evidence for the Modulation of Retrieval Orientation by Depth of Study Processing

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were employed to investigate whether brain activity elicited by retrieval cues in a memory test varies according to the encoding task undertaken at study. Two recognition memory test blocks were administered, preceded, in one case, by a shallow study task (alphabetic judgement) and, in the other case, by a deep task (sentence generation). ERPs elicited by the new words in each test block differed, the ERPs elicited in the block following the shallow study task exhibiting the more positive-going waveforms. This finding was taken as evidence that subjects adopt different retrieval sets when attempting to retrieve items that had been encoded in terms of alphabetic versus semantic attributes. Differences between the ERPs elicited by correctly classified old and new words (old/new effects) also varied with encoding task. The effects for deeply studied words resembled those found in previous ERP studies of recognition memory, whereas old/new effects for shallowly studied words were confined to a late-onsetting, right frontal positivity. Together, the findings indicate that the depth of study processing influences two kinds of memory-related neural activity, associated with memory search operations, and the processing of retrieved information, respectively.
Obesity is associated with worse oncological outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy

Mitra et al. present a new, sophisticated pre-cystectomy decision-tree model aiming to predict pathological upstaging and outcomes in cT2 bladder cancer based on defined clinical and pathological parameters. This model yielded a predictive accuracy of a66% which, in turn, means that the pathological stage was not correctly predictable in every third patient. Nonetheless, in the future, this model may serve as a basis for investigating the prognostic role of new markers.
Liver X Receptor (LXR)-regulated Genes of Cholesterol Trafficking and Breast Cancer Severity.

BACKGROUND Liver X receptor [LXR; nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2 (NR1H2, alias LXRB)] can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Its relationship with disease severity is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of LXRB, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and paraoxonase 2 (PON2) were determined in 69 breast tumors and were related to clinical stages of the disease and tumor characteristics, as well as time to recurrence. RESULTS ABCG1 expression differed with the tumor Scarff Bloom and Richardson (SBR) status (p=0.02), with a lower expression in SBRIII than in SBRII and SBRI. ABCG1 expression was significantly higher in estrogen receptor-positive tumors (N=63) (p=0.02). APOE expression was significantly lower in progesterone receptor-positive tumors (N=55) (p=0.03). No relationship with time to recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION Expression of some LXR-dependent genes is related to breast tumor characteristics, but not time to recurrence. This may be due to a lack of study power or too short a follow-up time.
Exploring the role of children in adults' adoption and use of computers

Although we now know much about children's use of information and communications technologies, researchers have yet to consider adequately the roles that children play in shaping adults' computer use. Via household survey data from a randomised sample of 1,001 adults and in‐depth interview data from 100 of these initial respondents, this paper explores the meditating roles of children in: the purchasing/acquisition of computers by adults; adults' access to computers; the level and nature of adults' use (and non‐use) of computers; how adults learn to use computers; and how adults are supported when using computers. The paper concludes that while children play a variety of roles in adults' (non)adoption and (non)use of computers this influence is often tempered by a range of other factors and, indeed, should not be overstated. For example, while children appear to be a significant “official” factor in parents' and grandparents' adoption of computers they were rarely the sole reason for adults investing time.
Expression of the Neuronal Surface Glycoprotein Thy‐1 Does Not Follow Appearance of Its mRNA in Developing Mouse Purkinje Cells

Abstract: In developing rodent nervous system, although the appearance of Thy‐1 mRNA, as seen by in situ hybridisation, is in general quickly followed by the appearance of immunohistochemically detectable protein, there are certain sites where a delay of several days occurs between expression of detectable message and protein. Mouse Purkinje cells exemplify this behaviour and are the dominant Thy‐1‐expressing cell in early postnatal cerebellum, so allowing quantitative, homogenate‐based methods to be used to test whether such a lag in protein expression does occur. Measurement of Thy‐1 mRNA (by slot blot) and protein (by radioimmunoassay) shows a substantial excess of Thy‐1 message, compared to protein accumulating in the tissue, during the first postnatal week, which is not found in tissues (rat cerebellum, and rat or mouse cerebrum) where no lag is apparent in appearance of Thy‐1 protein from the section‐based methods. The species of Thy‐1 mRNA produced by Purkinje cells does not appear to change during development, as assessed either in terms of its size (by northern blotting) or in the heterogeneous pattern of transcription initiation sites used (assessed by S1 nuclease protection analysis). Appearance of Thy‐1 protein in these cells, therefore, seems to be regulated post‐transcriptionally.
The Effect of Serial Passaging on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent an excellent cell source for the development of regenerative therapies for a broad variety of tissue disorders. Commonly, in vitro expansion is necessary to obtain sufficient cell populations for research purposes and clinical applications. Although it has been demonstrated that human ASCs can maintain their adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic potential in long-term culture (up to 15 passages), it is not guaranteed that a satisfactory level of differentiation is achievable in later passages. In this study, we investigated the self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity of bovine ASCs, isolated from the interdigital fat pad, and explored how serial passaging influences the cells. A proliferation study examined the changes in growth kinetics from passage 1 to 5, and multilineage (adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis) differentiation studies were conducted to compare the potential between passage 2 (P2) and passage 5 (P5). From the proliferation study, a statistically significant change in the doubling time did not appear until P5. In the differentiation study, both P2 and P5 ASCs could be stimulated to undergo multilineage differentiation under specific culturing conditions. However, adipogenic and chondrogenic cultures showed significantly lower levels of differentiation in the P5-induced cultures. In contrast, P5-induced osteogenic cultures had higher alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity than P2-induced cultures, suggesting an increase in the osteogenic response with serial passaging. Overall, bovine ASCs are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation; however, long-term in vitro expansion has a negative effect on adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, while potentially favoring osteogenesis.
Prevalence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs in a region on the Mexico-USA border

TICKS are the second most important group of arthropod vectors of diseases transmissible to animals and human beings. They are obligate parasites, and while feeding on a host may transmit a range of pathogens, such as bacteria, spirochaetes, rickettsiae, protozoa, viruses, nematodes, and toxins. The
Effect of high phosphate concentration on osteoclast differentiation as well as bone‐resorbing activity

Although high inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration in culture media directly inhibits generation of new osteoclasts and also inhibits bone resorption by mature osteoclasts, its precise mechanism and the physiological role have not been elucidated. The present study was performed to investigate these issues. Increase in extracellular Pi concentration ([Pi]e) (2.5–4 mM) concentration dependently inhibited 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] or parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐(1‐34)‐induced osteoclast‐like cell formation from unfractionated bone cells in the presence of stromal cells. Increase in [Pi]e (2.5–4 mM) concentration dependently inhibited 1,25(OH)2D3‐, PTH‐(1‐34)‐, or receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)‐induced osteoclast‐like cell formation from hemopoietic blast cells in the absence of stromal cells. Increase in [Pi]e (2.5–4 mM) dose dependently stimulated the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA and increased the expression of OPG mRNA suppressed by PTH‐(1‐34) or 1,25(OH)2D3 in unfractionated bone cells, while it did not affect RANKL mRNA. Increase in [Pi]e (2.5‐4 mM) concentration dependently inhibited the bone‐resorbing activity of isolated rabbit osteoclasts. Increase in [Pi]e (4 mM) induced the apoptosis of isolated rabbit osteoclasts while it did not affect the apoptosis of osteoclast precursor cells and mouse macrophage‐like cell line C7 cells that can differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of RANKL and M‐CSF. These results indicate that increase in [Pi]e inhibits osteoclast differentiation both by up‐regulating OPG expression and by direct action on osteoclast precursor cells. It is also indicated that increase in [Pi]e inhibits osteoclastic activity at least in part by the direct induction of apoptosis of osteoclasts. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of aging on the precedence effect in sound localization.

The precedence effect in sound localization can be evoked by presenting identical sounds (e.g., clicks) from pairs of loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of a subject's head. With appropriate inter-loudspeaker delays, normal subjects perceive a fused image originating from the side of the leading loudspeaker. Separate tests at loudspeaker delays ranging from 0 to 8 ms were presented to groups of young and elderly subjects. At 0 ms delay, young subjects perceived the fused image to be located halfway between the loudspeakers; at progressively longer delays, the image was perceived closer to the leading loudspeaker. Significant numbers of elderly subjects exhibited discrimination difficulties with delays below 0.7 ms.
OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED RENAL DYSFUNCTION BY CYCLOSPORINE A IN RATS: ATTENUATION BY TRIMETAZIDINE

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is one of the first line immunosuppressants employed in the management of solid organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. The clinical utility of CsA is limited by the frequent occurrence of chronic nephrotoxicity, characterized by tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and progressive renal impairment. The pathogenesis of CsA nephrotoxicity is still not well delineated. Recent evidences suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in CsA nephrotoxicity. The present study was designed to demonstrate the role of oxidative stress, its relation to renal dysfunction and to investigate the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ), an anti-ischemic agent with free radical scavenging property, in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. TMZ (2.5 mg/kg, p.o., twice a day) was administered 24 h before and 21 days concurrently with CsA (20 mg/kg, s.c.). Tissue lipid peroxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). Renal function was assessed by measuring the plasma and urine creatinine concentrations, blood and urine urea nitrogen levels and the creatinine and urea clearances. Renal morphological alterations were assessed by histopathological examination of Hematoxylin-Eosin, PAS and Masson's trichome stained sections of the kidneys. CsA (20 mg/kg, s.c) administration for 21 days produced elevated levels of TBARS and decreased renal function as assessed by increased plasma creatinine, BUN and decreased creatinine and urea clearances as compared to vehicle treated rats. The kidneys of CsA treated rats showed severe striped interstitial fibrosis, arteriolopathy, glomerular basement thickening, tubular vacuolization and hyaline casts. TMZ (2.5 mg/kg) markedly reduced elevated levels of TBARS, significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and the morphological changes in CsA treated rats. These results clearly demonstrate the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species and their relation to renal dysfunction and point to the therapeutic potential of an anti-ischemic agent, trimetazidine, in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
Studies of Transformational Leadership in Consumer Service: Leadership Trust and the Mediating-Moderating Role of Cooperative Conflict Management

This is the third in a series of studies evaluating how transformational leadership is associated with related variables such as job satisfaction, change commitment, leadership trust, cooperative conflict management, and market orientation. The present paper evaluates the effects of transformational leadership and cooperative conflict management along with their mediating and moderating of leadership trust in the life insurance industry for two sample groups, sales managers and sales employees. The main effect of leadership trust was mediated and moderated by cooperative conflict management. Cooperative conflict management made a more important contribution than transformational leadership or the moderating effect (interaction), but these three together were the most important variables predicting highest leadership trust. Transformational leadership has an indirect influence on leadership trust. This work summarizes the specific contribution and importance of building successful leadership trust associations with employees in relation to leadership and satisfaction with change commitment.
Hidden hunger in adolescent Mozambican girls: dietary assessment, micronutrient status, and associations between dietary diversity and selected biomarkers

Poor micronutrient intake and status (also called ’hidden hunger’) may compromise the health and work capacity of adolescent girls. In Mozambique, a low-income country with a high rate of adolescent pregnancies, girls’ poor micronutrient status is also an important risk factor for maternal and child mortality, adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight, and impaired cognitive performance of the child. The main aims of this thesis were to examine the diet and micronutrient status of adolescent girls in Central Mozambique and to study whether dietary diversity is associated with biomarkers of micronutrient status. The thesis also includes a methodological study assessing the validity of using food photographs in portion size estimation in adolescent Mozambican girls. The validity study on food photographs was conducted in 2009. Two local staple foods and three sauces were selected as test foods and photographs of three different portion sizes were produced for each of them. The participants (99 Mozambican girls aged 13-18 years) were served weighted food portions, and after eating their meal, they were interviewed and asked to estimate the size of their portions with the help of the food photographs. The findings of this study indicated a tendency towards under-estimation of portion sizes. On the group level, the results were acceptable, but large variation in the accuracy of individuals’ estimates was found. The ZANE Study was conducted in 2010. It was a population-based cross-sectional study on the diet and nutritional status of 14to 19-year-old girls in Zambezia Province. The study regions included one urban area and two rural districts. Two separate samples of girls were recruited: the first in January-February (’hunger season’, n=283) and the second in May-June (harvest season, n=268). A 24-hour dietary recall interview and a seven-day food frequency questionnaire interview were conducted for each participant. Blood and urine samples were collected and blood haemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum zinc, serum selenium, urinary iodine, plasma retinol and serum folate concentrations were analysed. The ZANE Study revealed a lowmedian energy intake calculated from the 24-hour recalls [5.2 MJ/day, interquartile range: 3.6, 7.4 (calculated using sampling weights); n=543]. This is in line with the findings of the validity study and is at least partly explained by under-reporting. Low intakes of several micronutrients and relatively high phytate:zinc molar ratios, typical for diets in low-income settings, were found. Marked seasonal variation was noted for vitamin A intake. According to the World Health Organization definitions, anaemia was a severe public health problem and vitaminA deficiency amoderate public health problem. The serum ferritin
SPOR BASINI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE'DE 1950'DEN GÜNÜMÜZE MİLLİYET GAZETESİ'NDE YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİM

Bu arastirmada spor basininin dunyada ve Turkiye'de tarihsel surec icindeki gelismesi incelenmis ve Milliyet gazetesinin arsivinde yapilan taramalarla Turkiye'de yasanan degisim ortaya konulmustur. Sonuc olarak 1951'den 2011'e kadar olan donemde Milliyet gazetesinde spora ayrilan yerin, toplam sayfa sayisina gore arttigi gorulmustur. Gazetede “dort buyuk kulup” olarak anilan Galatasaray, Fenerbahce, Besiktas ve Trabzonspor haberlerine ayrilan yerin de yillara gore arttigi saptanmistir. 1950 ve 1960'li yillarda bugun gures ve boks gibi spor branslariyla ilgili haberlerin sayfalarda genis olarak yer aldigi gorulmustur. Kose yazarlarinin yazi sayilarinda da incelenen donemlere gore bir artis saptanmistir. Baski tekniklerinin gelismesiyle gazetenin spor sayfasinda son 20 yilda daha buyuk fotograflar kullanilmis ve gorsel anlamda daha renkli ve estetik bir sayfa duzeni uygulanmistir. Gazetede fotograf alanlari artarken, yazi alanlari kuculmustur.
High-Level Music Descriptor Extraction Algorithm Based on Combination of Multi-Channel CNNs and LSTM

Although Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) have yielded impressive performances in a variety of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) tasks, the complementarity among the CNNs of different architectures and that between CNNs and LSTM are seldom considered. In this paper, multichannel CNNs with different architectures and LSTM are combined into one unified architecture (Multi-Channel Convolutional LSTM, MCCLSTM) to extract high-level music descriptors. First, three channels of CNNs with different shapes of filter are applied on each spectrogram image chunk to extract the pitch-, tempo-, and bassrelevant descriptors, respectively. Then, the outputs of each CNNs channel are concatenated and then passed through a fully connected layer to obtain the fused descriptor. Finally, LSTM is applied on the fused descriptor sequence of the whole track to extract its long-term structure property to obtain the high-level descriptor. To prove the efficiency of the MCCLSTM model, the obtained high-level music descriptor is applied to the music genre classification and emotion prediction task. Experimental results demonstrate that, when compared with the hand-crafted schemes or conventional deep learning (Multi Layer Perceptrons (MLP), CNNs, and LSTM) based ones, MCCLSTM achieves higher prediction accuracy on three music collections with different kinds of semantic tags.
Colonic necrosis is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic necrosis

Between January 1989 and July 1993, 19 patients with pancreatic necrosis were seen. The diagnosis was based on the clinical course, characteristic contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan and operative findings. At operation necrosectomy was followed by laparostomy to allow repeated debridement until a healthy pancreatic bed developed. All patients were managed in the surgical intensive care unit.