Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of dietary diversity, antenatal care, food taboos, meal frequency, and nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study

High rates of pregnancy during adolescence in Malawi compromise the nutritional status of adolescent mothers and their infants. When a pregnant adolescent is malnourished, she is at risk for health complications. Research focusing on the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in Malawi is minimal. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary diversity, antenatal care, food taboos, meal frequency, and nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi. The study included sixty-two pregnant adolescents between 15-19 years old. Data collection included the use of a pre-tested questionnaire, standardized dietary diversity survey and measurements of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), height, and hemoglobin. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, linear and logistic regression. Mean (SD) age was 17.7 (1.2) years. Mean MUAC was 25.9 (2.0) cm; 31% had MUAC <25 cm. The occurrence of stunting was 19% and 21% were ≤150 cm tall. The mean hemoglobin was 10.37 (1.93) g/dL and 66% were anemic. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.06 (1.18) and 69% did not achieve minimum dietary diversity (score ≥ five.) No participants consumed dairy and only 7% consumed eggs. Eating meat and poultry or dark green leafy vegetables predicted a 1.31g/dL (pvalue = 0.0306) or 1.08 g/dL (p-value =0.0331) increase in hemoglobin levels, respectively (R 2 =0.15). Food taboos during pregnancy were common (35%). Compared to the Malawi National Nutrition Guidelines, 87% were not eating daily from each of the six food groups and 74% were not meeting the recommended meal frequency during pregnancy (three meals and at least one snack/day). Less than 50% consumed foods from legumes/nuts and animal food groups. The majority (63%) did not take antenatal supplements and only 37% consumed ferrous sulfate. Only 52% received advice about nutrition during pregnancy and few (8%) received advice about infant and young child feeding. Girls who received nutrition advice were more likely to take an iron supplement [OR=4.19 (1.82-9.68), p =0.0008] compared to those who did not. As the number of antenatal visits increased, the participants were more likely to take a supplement [OR=11.88 (3.40-41.49) p =0.001]. Interventions for pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi should occur early in pregnancy and include education on dietary diversity, increasing hemoglobin levels, meal frequency, food taboos, antenatal supplements and infant and young child feeding. Keywords: Adolescent nutrition, Pregnant adolescents, Dietary diversity, Food taboos, Hemoglobin Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev . 2019; 19(3): 14555-14570
Descrição anátomo-radiográfica do esqueleto apendicular da paca (Agouti paca)

O esqueleto apendicular e a parte do esqueleto que compreende os ossos dos membros e o conhecimento anatomoradiografico desses ossos torna-se muito importante para clinico-cirurgicamente. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida para melhor se conhecer alguns aspectos anatomo-radiograficos do esqueleto apendicular do segundo maior roedor silvestre brasileiro, a paca. Foram utilizados seis animais de ate um ano de idade e seis com mais de um ano, pertencentes ao Setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Os animais foram anestesiados e radiografados em decubito lateral e ventral para descricao do esqueleto apendicular. Para a descricao anatomica, os ossos de quatro animais foram utilizados, alem da disseccao de dois animais. A cintura escapular da paca consiste de duas escapulas e duas longas claviculas. O umero possui tuberculo maior evidente e fossa radial e do olecrano comunicantes. As tuberosidades do radio sao pouco nitidas e o mesmo nao e fundido a ulna. Os carpos intermediorradial, ulnar, acessorio e falciforme formam a fileira proximal e os carpos I e II (fundidos), III e IV a distal. Ha cinco dedos no membro toracico e sesamoides em todos metacarpos, menos no I. A pelve e estreita, alongada e o acetabulo arredondado e profundo. O trocânter maior femoral e bem desenvolvido, diferentemente dos demais trocânteres. A tibia e fibula sao parcialmente fundidas nas extremidades. No membro pelvico ha cinco dedos e os metatarsos II, III, IV e V possuem sesamoides. No tarso, a fileira proximal e composta pelo talo, calcâneo, osso tarsico tibial medial e central; na fileira distal ha o tarsometatarso I, e o II, III e IV ossos do tarso.
Nutritional quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of selected African indigenous leafy vegetables as influenced by maturity and minimal processing

The African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) are excellent sources of β-carotene, vitamin C, iron as well as protein, minerals, fiber and bioactive compounds. In the recent past, AIVs have gained commercial importance as a result of increased awareness of their nutritional and health benefits and are now produce in both formal and informal marketing channels. One of the challenges in production, marketing and consumption of AIVs is that they are highly perishable and there is inadequate capacity for their storage in fresh state. This is because most storage techniques require low temperatures, which are nonexistent for AIVs in Kenya. Minimal processing can enable AIVs produced in far flung locations to be stabilized and transported to the markets in the urban centres. However, this can affect the color, texture, flavor, and nutritional quality of AIVs. This study aimed at examining the influence of harvest maturity and minimal processing techniques on the nutritional, phytochemical and anti-oxidant capacity in stinging nettle, amaranth and black nightshade. The results indicated significant differences between treatments and stages of maturity. Results further show that the highest contents of β-carotene in fresh state, at young stage was 47.82 mg/100g in amaranth and mature stage was 71.22 mg/100g in black night shade. For vitamin C, the highest content was 142.06 mg/100g in stinging nettle at young stage while amaranth had the highest content of vitamin C at mature stage as 193.52 mg/100g. The highest phenol content in fresh state was in black night shade at 1.09 g/100g and 1.29 g/100g at young stage and mature stage respectively. Among the processed, the highest content of vitamin C was seen in Freeze-Dried Unsliced Unblanched black nightshade at both young and mature stage as 86.64mg/100g and 111.14mg/100g respectively. For β-carotene, the highest content was reported on Freeze-Dried Unsliced Blanched in amaranth as 30.24mg/100g at young stage and mature stage had 57.12mg/100g in black nightshade. Keywords: Minimal processing, blanching, drying, African indigenous vegetable, maturity Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev . 2019; 19(3): 14769-14789
Etiology of Malocclusion and Dominant Orthodontic Problems in Mixed Dentition: A Cross-sectional Study in a Group of Thai Children Aged 8–9 Years

Background: Etiology of malocclusion can be the cause of deviation in the skeleton, dental, and soft tissue development in children. Identifying etiology of malocclusion and dominant orthodontic problems as well as early detection could help in future effective treatment, management, and public health planning. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 202 children. Consensus process was carried out between experienced orthodontic experts in etiology of malocclusion, dominant orthodontic problems, type of early treatment, and malocclusion severity. Fisher’s exact test and descriptive statistics were used to explain the study results. Results: Etiology of malocclusion was detected in both congenital and acquired etiology (64.3%), followed by acquired etiology only (29.7%). The top three dominant orthodontic problems were caries (22.5%), early loss of primary tooth (15.6%), and tendency of crowding in permanent dentition (14.6%). Nearly all the children needed restoration (86.4%) and interceptive orthodontic treatment (69.3%), whereas severe malocclusion level was found in one-fourth of the children (26.0%). Statistical significance was found between type of early treatment and malocclusion severity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Acquired etiology was very high. Caries and early loss of primary teeth were dominant orthodontic problems. An early treatment, especially preventive orthodontic treatment, was needed in almost all children. Malocclusion severity higher than moderate level was found in more than half of the children.
Athletes Nourishment: Introducing Novel L-Glutamine Fortified Dairy Products

L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation may provide beneficial effects for individuals special athletes. Gln fortified functional dairy products namely: plain probiotic set yoghurt, mango yoghurt, strawberry yoghurt, and karish cheese were produced in the present study. Most trials of Gln fortified probiotic yoghurt and fruit yoghurt resulted in chemical, physical and sensory characteristics close or similar to the control, and some were characterized with better attributes than the control. Linear increase in acetaldehyde and diacetyl concentration was detected when Gln was added to yoghurt. A slightly decrease in pH was noticed in yogurt enriched with Gln. In case of karish cheese, five treatments were prepared containing 1-5% Gln. It was found that Gln increased the moisture content of cheese. Yield, gross composition, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation of Karish cheese fortified with Gln were illustrated in this study.
CORRELATION OF ADMISION TIME, DISCHARGE TIME AND PATIENTS DISCHARGE TYPE WITH LENGTH OF STAY IN YELLOW ZONE OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Background: The number of patients continues to increase each year in Emergency Department (ED), especially in Priority 2 / Yellow Zone. The ED cannot predict patient’s condition and when the patient comes for admission the time is various. The ED overcrowding is correlated with discharge time, whereas discharge time is correlated with bed availability in inpatient unit. The inpatient unit in hospital has several classes where the low-class of room tends to have more bed than the high-class of room that can be correlated to the length of stay (LOS). Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the admission time, discharge time and patient discharge type with LOS in Yellow Zone of ED. Method: The study consisted of 133 respondents. This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design. Admission time, discharge time and patient discharge type was analyzed using Eta test. Results: The bivariate results identified the correlation between independent variables with the LOS of patient in Yellow Zone of ED. In Eta test, could be categorized to have a significant correlation if F count was more than F table. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the admission time, discharge time and patients discharge type with LOS of patients in the Yellow Zone of ED.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natalizumab in pediatric patients with RRMS

Objective This phase I study investigated pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of natalizumab in pediatric patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Methods Pediatric patients with RRMS who were prescribed natalizumab 300 mg IV every 4 weeks were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 2, 8, 15, and 22 and at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 to estimate PK parameters; PD properties were evaluated by measuring α4-integrin saturation and lymphocyte counts over time. Natalizumab's safety profile was also evaluated. Results PK parameters were similar to those reported in adult patients; natalizumab concentrations peaked approximately 1 day after infusion in most of the participants (Cmax 142.9 μg/mL, AUClast 47389.4 hr*μg/mL), followed by a biphasic decline with a rapid distribution phase and a slow elimination phase, with a terminal half-life of 215.1 hours. In terms of PD, both time course and magnitude of α4-integrin saturation and increase in lymphocyte counts were similar to those observed in adults. During the 16-week study follow-up, 3 adverse events attributed to natalizumab were observed; no unexpected safety events occurred. Conclusions PK profile, α4-integrin saturation, lymphocyte counts, and safety observed in these pediatric patients are comparable to those reported in adults. Classification of evidence This study provides Class I evidence that natalizumab PK/PD parameters and safety profile are similar in adults and pediatric patients in the short term. Longer studies, also including a larger number of younger subjects (aged 10–12 years), are required to further inform about long-term PK and PD parameters in pediatric patients with MS.
Combined dynamic spectral imaging and routine colposcopy strategy for the diagnosis of pre-cancerous cervical lesions

The present study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of combined dynamic spectral imaging (DySI) and routine colposcopy in diagnosing pre-cancerous lesions in subjects with abnormal cytological results. The retrospective study included 146 patients diagnosed with cervical lesions and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance according to a colposcopy examination. Data from colposcopy clinics were used to evaluate performance of DySI in different histological types. The present study evaluated the clinical performance of two different referral strategies (single diagnosis or combined diagnosis) in combination with a smear test. The sensitivity of DySI and routine colposcopy for detecting severe pre-cancerous cervical disease in patients referred with a borderline histology or mild dyskaryosis was 69% [95% confidence interval (CI): 56–82%] and 43% (95% CI: 28–57%), respectively (P=0.01). However, for the HSIL group, the sensitivity of DySI and routine colposcopy was 64 and 61%, respectively. In the HSIL group, the sensitivity was as high as 85% when the DySI method was combined with routine colposcopy. When the conditions of new screening strategies were applied to remove those patients with a negligible risk, DySI had a higher sensitivity to detect severe pre-cancerous cervical disease than conventional colposcopy. In conclusion, the combined DySI and routine colposcopy strategy had a higher diagnostic sensitivity in subjects with low or high abnormalities on cytological examination, compared with either method separately. The present study suggests that the baseline colposcopy sensitivity may be enhanced with the adjunctive use of DySI, irrespective of the cytology result for referral.
Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Cancer Surgery

Objective: Our primary research aim was to determine the prevalence of preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing outpatient cancer surgery. Our secondary aim was to examine the association between preoperative anxiety and negative intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing outpatient cancer surgery, including increased anesthesia requirements, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), extended overnight stay, total length of stay (LOS), transfer to hospital, surgical complications, and postoperative visits to urgent care centers (UCC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and its association with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing outpatient cancer surgery. Our retrospective cohort included 10,048 outpatient procedures performed on 8683 patients at a large comprehensive cancer center between January 1, 2016, and April 30, 2018. Results: The analysis included 8665 patients undergoing procedures at an outpatient facility over 16 months; 16.7% had preoperative anxiety. In patients with preoperative anxiety, higher rates of adverse outcomes were seen, including PONV (adjusted difference 1.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12%, 3.4%, P = 0.029), unplanned overnight admission (adjusted difference 1.1%, 95% CI 0.07%, 2.0%, P = 0.021), and urgent care visits within 30 days (adjusted difference 1.5%, 95% CI 0.44%, 2.6%, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Even assuming a causal relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative outcomes, preventing one instance of PONV would require treating at least 30 patients for anxiety, and preventing longer-term outcomes such as urgent care visits or readmissions within 30 days would require treating even larger numbers of patients. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the causal pathway between preoperative anxiety and postoperative adverse events in outpatients undergoing outpatient cancer surgery.
Amentoflavone Affects Epileptogenesis and Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome

Brain inflammation is one of the main causes of epileptogenesis, a chronic process triggered by various insults, including genetic or acquired factors that enhance susceptibility to seizures. Amentoflavone, a naturally occurring biflavonoid compound that has anti-inflammatory effects, exerts neuroprotective effects against nervous system diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of amentoflavone on epilepsy in vivo and in vitro and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The chronic epilepsy model and BV2 microglial cellular inflammation model were established by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Cognitive dysfunction was tested by Morris water maze while hippocampal neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complexes and inflammatory cytokines were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Amentoflavone reduced seizure susceptibility, minimized PTZ-induced cognitive dysfunction, and blocked the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in PTZ-induced kindling mice. Amentoflavone also inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of PTZ-induced kindling mice. Additionally, amentoflavone could alleviate the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. Our results indicated that amentoflavone affects epileptogenesis and exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and, thus, mediating the inflammatory process in PTZ-induced kindling mice and LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. Therefore, amentoflavone may be a potential treatment option for epilepsy.
Bio-sociodemographic and economic aspects and their connection to the oral health behavior of Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics

The objective of this study is to characterize, relate and compare bio-sociodemographic and economic aspects, hygiene perception, habits and behaviors in the oral health of students recently admitted to an international university. This is a descriptive and quantitative study conducted with 101 Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics. For that purpose, a questionnaire was applied. The data were analyzed and submitted to Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test. Male and Brazilian students predominated, followed by Guineans. Regarding the perception about oral health, 50.5% of Brazilian academics and 63.3% of non-Brazilian students considered it regular. Of the total participants, more than half of Brazilian and non-Brazilian students brushed their teeth 3 times a day. About dental floss, 98% of Brazilians know it and 76% of non-Brazilian didn’t use it. There was a significant association between the students with age lower than or equal to 18 years and the search for dental care, as well as income above one minimum wage and demand for this type of care. There were similarities and discrepancies between the behavior of Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics. Factors such as age lower than or equal to 18 years and income above one minimum wage positively influenced the search for dental care.
In vitro and in vivo effect of hyaluronic acid modified, doxorubicin and gallic acid co-delivered lipid-polymeric hybrid nano-system for leukemia therapy

Objective: To investigate the hyaluronic acid (HA) modified, doxorubicin (DOX) and gallic acid (GA) co-delivered lipid-polymeric hybrid nano-system for leukemia therapy. Methods: We produced a kind of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle (LPHN) with a core-shell structure in which DOX and GA were co-loaded. In vitro and in vivo leukemia therapeutic effects of the HA modified, DOX and GA co-delivered LPHNs (HA-DOX/GA-LPHNs) were evaluated in DOX resistant human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60/ADR cells), DOX resistant human K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562/ADR cells), and HL-60/ADR cells bearing mouse model. Results: The sizes and zeta potentials of HA modified LPHNs were about 160 nm and −40 mV. HA-DOX/GA-LPHNs showed the most prominent cytotoxicity and the best synergistic effect was obtained when DOX/GA ratio was 2/1. In vivo studies revealed that HA-DOX/GA-LPHNs inhibited tumor growth from 956 mm3 to 213 mm3, with an inhibition rate of 77.7%. Conclusion: In summary, the study showed that HA-DOX/GA-LPHNs can be applied as a promising leukemia therapy system.
Clinical profile of severe acute malnutrition among children under five years of age living in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Malnutrition is a general term and often refers to undernutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption, or excessive loss of nutrients, but the term also encompasses overnutrition. Objective: The objective is to study the clinical profile of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and also to assess the effectiveness of Nutrition Rehabilitation Center in providing therapeutic care for children with SAM. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care center at Jhansi for a period of 12 months among 152 children with SAM. A detailed history and physical examination finding were recorded in pretested pro forma at the time of admission using the standard methodology and anthropometric measurement expressed in standard deviation from the median of the reference population (WHO). Results: Majority of the patients (96, 63.15%) belonged to age group of 6
Massively parallel kinetic profiling of natural and engineered CRISPR nucleases

Engineered SpCas9s and AsCas12a cleave fewer off-target genomic sites than wild-type (wt) Cas9. However, understanding their fidelity, mechanisms and cleavage outcomes requires systematic profiling across mispaired target DNAs. Here we describe NucleaSeq—nuclease digestion and deep sequencing—a massively parallel platform that measures the cleavage kinetics and time-resolved cleavage products for over 10,000 targets containing mismatches, insertions and deletions relative to the guide RNA. Combining cleavage rates and binding specificities on the same target libraries, we benchmarked five SpCas9 variants and AsCas12a. A biophysical model built from these data sets revealed mechanistic insights into off-target cleavage. Engineered Cas9s, especially Cas9-HF1, dramatically increased cleavage specificity but not binding specificity compared to wtCas9. Surprisingly, AsCas12a cleavage specificity differed little from that of wtCas9. Initial DNA cleavage sites and end trimming varied by nuclease, guide RNA and the positions of mispaired nucleotides. More broadly, NucleaSeq enables rapid, quantitative and systematic comparisons of specificity and cleavage outcomes across engineered and natural nucleases. The enzymatic properties of RNA-guided nucleases are revealed through massively parallel analysis.