Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproduction experiment on Austropotamobius pallipes complex under controlled conditions: Can hybrids be hatched?

The Austropotamobius pallipes complex is formed by the two species A. pallipes and A. italicus , recently defined only on genetic basis, without obvious morphological features for their differentiation. Dealing with this problem, we have conducted a breeding experiment between these two presumed species under controlled conditions, in order to investigate the possible existence of reproductive barriers. Using 80 breeders (56 females and 24 males) collected from populations where their species identity was genetically well established, we performed four series of trials: F ita × M pal and F pal × M ita interspecific mating; F ita × M ita and F pal × M pal intraspecific mating as a control. We have monitored only the main phases of the reproduction in order to avoid excessive interference for the crayfish. In November 2009 the 91.7% of females having intraspecific mating, as well as the 100% of females having interspecific mating, produced eggs. In June 2010 the eggs from the 36.4% of females having intraspecific mating, and those from the 42.3% of females having interspecific mating did hatch. We emphasize the hatching of hybrids and their vitality.
Developing Modules of Spiritual Body Oriented Psychotherapy (S-BOP) To Enhance Human Potential

This paper describes the process of developing a systematic module that will be used by the student group in the technical training institute. This module of Body Oriented Psychotherapy (BOP) framework integrates with new element which is the spiritual element. In general, the module process in this study uses the ADDIE method (Analyse, Development, Design, Implement and Evaluate). Development of the module through analysing the prerequisite for the module development is subsequently followed by designing, developing and implementing modules. Each stage necessitates an assessment in ensuring the compatibility of the developed module with the target group for module development. Among the instruments adopted in the module development study included module prototypes, media and module reliability questionnaires which was customized to meet objective of the study. The module development method is described with clarity in this paper. Result from this study explains the importance of developing a BOP module that is integrated with spiritual elements for the development of potential and identity. In fact, the importance of spiritual elements can enhance the development of a student's identity in the Technical Training Institute.The spiritual integrity in BOP is a value-added element and improves the quality of counselling and psychotherapy sessions conducted at the Technical Institute.
SAMSUN EKOLOJİK KOŞULLARINA UYGUN ARPA (Hordeum vulgare L.) ÇEŞİTLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Bu arastirma, Samsun ekolojik kosullarina uygun arpa cesitlerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla, 2001-02 ve 200203 yillari arasinda, Bafra ve Kurupelit’te tesaduf bloklari deneme deseninde 4 tekrarlamali olarak yurutulmustur. Cesit olarak 6 sirali Kiral, Erginel, Plaisent ve Cetin-2000 ile 2 sirali Sladoran, Balkan-96 ve Fahrettinbey; hat olarak Sitap 01/6A kullanilmistir. Arastirmada fenolojik ozelliklerden basaklanma suresi, agronomik ve morfolojik ozelliklerden bitki boyu, basak uzunlugu, basakta tane sayisi, basakta tane agirligi ve tane verimi incelenmistir. Ayrica, kalite kriterlerinden 1000 tane agirligi ve hektolitre agirligi da belirlenmistir. Iki yil ve iki lokasyonda yurutulen arastirma sonucuna gore en fazla tane verimi Fahrettinbey (590.8 kg/da), Sladoran (562.8 kg/da) cesitleri ile Sitap 01/6A (556.8 kg/da) hattindan; en yuksek 1000 tane agirligi Sitap 01/6A (52.0 g)’dan, en yuksek hektolitre agirligi Fahrettinbey (68.1 kg/hl) ile Balkan-96 (66.4 kg/hl) cesitlerinden elde edilmistir
Encystment in a Dynamic Environment: Deposition of Dinoflagellate Cysts by a Frontal Convergence

The dinoflagellate Gyrod~n~urn uncatenum forms massive summer red tides in Chesapeake Bay (USA) and tributary estuaries These blooms are delimited in the downstream direction by estuanne fronts which may serve to concentrate and recirculate the population Toward the end of the bloom cycle, G uncatenum sexual stages accumulate in the frontal convergence and are transported downward along the frontal interface These stages are retained below the pycnocline in net upstream flowing bottom waters and settle out into the sediments along the subsurface transport pathway Examination of s e d ~ m e n t s indicates that major deposits of cysts of G uncatenurn are bounded in an upstream direction by a b e n t h ~ c front (where the pycnocllne intersects the bottom) Above this area, motile cells and sexual stages are absent from the water column and cysts are absent from the sediment Streamflow-induced variations in the location of the estuarine front in 1979 and in 1980 result in deposition of cysts in different regions predictable from examination of the location of the convergence Thus it IS proposed that the convergence zone of the estuarine front and the associated pycnocline serve to transfer encysting dinoflagellate forms from surface waters to their ultimate seedbed locations
Does the Market Understand Rating Shopping? Predicting MBS Losses with Initial Yields

We study rating shopping on the MBS market. Outside of AAA, losses are higher on single-rated tranches than on multi-rated ones, and yields predict future losses for single-rated tranches, but not for multi-rated ones. Conversely, ratings have less explanatory power for single-rated tranches. These results suggest that single-rated tranches have been "shopped," whereby pessimistic ratings never reach the market. For AAA-rated MBS, by contrast, 93% receive two or three such ratings, and those ratings agree 97% of the time. This ratings convergence suggests that agencies "cater" to investors, who cannot purchase a tranche unless it has multiple AAA ratings. Received January 22, 2014; accepted October 21, 2015 by Editor Andrew Karolyi.
INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR NUTRITION ON PERFORMANCE OF BLACKGRAM (VIGNA MUNGO L.), NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND ECONOMICS UNDER DRY LAND ECOSYSTEMS

A field experiment was carried out during kharif season of 2011 to evaluate the effect of growth regulator, organic and inorganic foliar nutrition on yield and yield attributes of blackgram. The result indicated that application of RDF as a basal dose and foliar spray of 40ppm NAA + 0.5% chelated micronutrient + 2% DAP given at 35 and 50 DAS recorded significantly higher growth components like plant height (37.11 cm), number of branches (8.27 plant-1), leaf area index (4.18), and total dry matter production (15.98 g plant-1) and also higher grain yield (1298 kg ha-1), net returns and B:C ratio ( 52,900 ha-1 and 3.03 respectively), over rest of the treatments but it was at par with RDF + foliar spray of 2% DAP + 0.5% chelated micronutrient. Significantly higher phosphorus and potassium uptake (88.32, 10.72 and 35.09 kg ha-1 respectively), and available N and P2O5 content of soil (278.13 and 28.55 kg ha-1 respectively) was noticed in RDF + foliar spray of 40ppm NAA + 0.5% chelated micronutrient + 2% DAP. which was at par with RDF + foliar spray of 2% DAP + 0.5% chelated micronutrient.
Drop on demand technology as a mini manufacturing platform for drug delivery and personalized medicine

ii Acknowledgement.iv List of Figures.vi Lists of Tables.viii 1. Introduction . 1 1.1. Drug Manufacturing Process . 4 1.2. Pharmaceutical Formulations . 6 1.3. Personalized Medicine/ Dosing Poly-pharmacy . 9 1.4. Quality assurance requirements in manufacturing (PAT) . 12 1.5. Mini Manufacturing Platform . 15 1.6. Critical liquid handling parameters . 18 1.7. Current Dispensing Techniques and Limitations . 19 2. Drop Formation . 20 2.1. Ejection and stretching of liquid . 21 2.2. Necking and Pinch-off of Liquid Thread from Nozzle . 21 3. Gravimetric Control . 23 3.1. Materials and Methods . 23 3.2. Results . 23 3.3. Discussion . 24 4. Testing Viscosity Constraints . 26 4.1. Materials and Methods . 26 4.2. Results . 28 5. Aggregation . 30 5.1. Material and Methods . 43 5.2. Results . 44 6. In Line Analytics . 46 6.1. Materials and Methods . 48 6.2. Results . 52 6.3. Optimization of Raman probe position regarding the capsule . 68 6.4. Determination of the optimal exposure time . 69 6.5. Capsule filling process: analytical considerations . 70 7. Discussion . 73 7.1. Unit dosage application: Filling mode . 73 7.2. Unit dosage application: Printing mode . 74 8. Conclusion . 78 9. List of References . 82
Debt Policy and Corporate Performance: Empirical Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange Companies

The ability of companies in determining suitable financial policies to make investment opportunities is one of the most principal factors for the companies’ growth and progression. Adopting a debt policy or a capital structure is considered as a momentous decision that influences the companies’ value. This paper is aimed to investigate the probable relationship between debt policies (including Current Debt, Non-Current Debt, and Total Debt) and performance of Tehran Stock Exchange Companies. The regression model is applied to investigate the relationship between the performance indicators and debt ratios. In this research, financial performance indicators are considered as Gross Margin Profit, Return on Assets (ROA), Tobin's Q Ratio, and Debt Ratios (Current Debt, Non-Current Debt, and Total Debt). “size” and “growth rate” are considered as control variables. Results show that an increase in current debts, non-current debts, and total debts has a negative influence on the corporate performance. It was also found that companies that merely attempt to create assets through debts, without any attention to the company size and other important factors, are not able to have an excellent performance.
Free-floating planets from core accretion theory: microlensing predictions

We calculate the microlensing event rate and typical time-scales for the free-floating planet (FFP) population that is predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. The event rate is found to be ~$1.8\times 10^{-3}$ of that for the stellar population. While the stellar microlensing event time-scale peaks at around 20 days, the median time-scale for FFP events (~0.1 day) is much shorter. Our values for the event rate and the median time-scale are significantly smaller than those required to explain the \cite{Sum+11} result, by factors of ~13 and ~16, respectively. The inclusion of planets at wide separations does not change the results significantly. This discrepancy may be too significant for standard versions of both the core accretion theory and the gravitational instability model to explain satisfactorily. Therefore, either a modification to the planet formation theory is required, or other explanations to the excess of short-time-scale microlensing events are needed. Our predictions can be tested by ongoing microlensing experiment such as KMTNet, and by future satellite missions such as WFIRST and Euclid.
Youth Bulges and Civil Conflict

The presence of an exceptionally large youth population, that is, a youth bulge, is often associated with an elevated risk of civil conflict. In this article, we develop an instrumental variable approach in which the size of the youth cohorts in Sub-Saharan Africa is identified using variation in birth-year drought incidence. Our results show that an increase in the size of the population group aged fifteen to nineteen raises the risk of low-intensity conflict. A 1 percent increase in the size of this age-group augments the likelihood of civil conflict incidence (onset) by 2.3 (1.2) percentage points. On the other hand, we do not find any association between the size of the two adjacent youth cohorts, that is, the population groups aged ten to fourteen and twenty to twenty-four.
Cross Modal Generalization of Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary in Children with Down Syndrome

Objective: A common assumption in vocabulary training for Down syndrome (DS) is that learning in one modality will generalize incidentally to untreated modalities, but few studies evaluate the validity of this presumption. The purpose of this study was to examine cross modal generalization in children with DS. Method: Five preschool children with DS were taught three sets of receptive and expressive vocabulary within a multiple probe single subject design. Vocabulary knowledge for trained and untrained modalities was probed. Results: Cross modal generalization probes indicated moderate transfer from the treated expressive modality to the untreated receptive modality but relatively low receptive generalization to the untreated expressive modality in all participants. Conclusion: These results support delivering expressive vocabulary interventions in DS provided clinicians systematically test generalization to receptive knowledge. Conversely, receptive vocabulary training, although certainly a worthwhile goal for children with DS, is less likely to generalize across modality.
POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF CAPSICUM ( Capsicum annuum L . ) USING ABSCISIC ACID AND FLURIDONE By UMA PRAJAPATI

The aim of this study was to ascertain the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in capsicum fruit ripening and postharvest quality retention during storage. In this study firstly, the four different varieties viz. Natasha, Inspiration, Swarna and Bachata were screened according to presence of abscisic acid in five different fruit developmental stages (21, 27, 35, 42 and 60 days after anthesis). From these four varieties only two varieties with higher (Inspiration) and lower level (Swarna) of abscisic acid content was selected and subjected to exogenous abscisic acid (300 μmol/l) and fluridone (100 μmol/l) treatment. The treated fruits were stored for 6 days under temperature 25 ± 5 C and 85 ± 5 % RH. The experiment showed that ABA plays an important role in fruit ripening of capsicum rather than extending its shelf life while fluridone maintained the freshness of produce till 6 day of storage under ambient condition. In ABA treated fruits, quality parameters like total carotenoid, phenols, antioxidant and ascorbic acid were found to increase but fruit firmness was reduced. The fruits of Swarna cultivar were found to be more sensitive to ABA treatment as after its application various physical and biochemical characters have shown drastic change. Thus exogenous application of abscisic acid (300 μmol/l) can be gainfully utilised to enhance the fruit ripening process as well as to maintain postharvest quality attributes to great extent in capsicum fruits. ,sfClfld vEy ,oa ¶yqjhM‚u }kjk f'keyk fepZ (कैप्सिकम ऐनम) dk rqM+kbZ mijkUr izca /ku lkjka'k bl v/;;u dk mÌs '; f'keyk fepZ ds Qyksa ds idus ,oa Hka Mkj.k ds nkSjku ,fClfld vEy ds izHkko dk irk yxkuk FkkA bl v/;;u esa lcls igys f'keyk fepZ dh pkj iz tkfr;ks a urk'kk] bUlfijs'ku] Lo.kkZ vkSj cpkrk dks Qy fodkl dh ikWp fofHkUu voLFkkvksa fu"ks pu ds 21] 27] 35] 42 ,oa 60 fnuks a ckn es a rks M+dj mues a ,s fClfld vEy dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA ,s fClfld vEy fu/kkZ j.k ds ckn lcls mPp ,oa fuEu vEy /kkfjrk okyh iztkfr;ks a dks iqu% ,s fClfld vEy 300 ekbdzks eksy izfr yhVj ,oa ¶yqjhM‚u 100 ekbdzks eksy izfr yhVj  ls mipkfjr djds lkekU; rkieku  rkieku 255lsa ] 855 vkis f{kr vknzrk ij 6 fnu ds fy, Hka Mkfjr fd;k x;kA ifj.kkeksa es a ik;k x;k fd ,s fClfld vEy ls mipkfjr Qy tYnh idrs gSa rFkk mudh fu/kkuh vk;q de gks tkrh gS] tcfd ¶yqjhM‚u ls mipkfjr Qy fuEu xfr ls idrs gSa rFkk mudh Hka Mkj.k vof/k c<+ tkrh gSA bl v/;;u ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd ,sfClfld vEy f'keyk fepZ ds Qyks a dh c<+okj ,oa ifjiDou es a vge Hkw fedk fuHkkrk gS rFkk blds 300 ekbdzks eksy izfr yhVj lkanz.k dk iz;ks x djds f'keyk fepZ es a vxs rh jax fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Innovation Economy, Productive Public Expenditure and Economic Growth

Multidisciplinary innovation is the main engine of growth for an increasing number of economies. Innovation requires the participation of and interaction between all economic agents. It also requires public spending on education, research and infrastructures. Our main goal is to emphasize the government's role in a growing innovation economy. Developing a non-scale, idea-based, one-sector growth model with complementarities and productive public expenditure, we analyse theoretically the growth effects of an increase in productive public expenditure, which we find positive in the short, medium and long run.
Evaluation of Universal Extractants for Determination of Selected Micronutrients on Soils Developed over Charnockite in Ekiti State

Twenty six pedogenic soils developed on charnockite were used to evaluate the suitability of extractants for bioavailability of manganese, copper, zinc and iron in the soils to plants. These micronutrients cation were extracted from the soils using five different extractants, namely, Neutral Normal NH 4 OAc, NH 4 OAc buffered with glacial acetic acid to pH 4.8, 0.1 M HCl, 0.05 M HCl + 0.025 M H 2 SO 4 , 0.05 M EDTA + 0.1 M (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 . The contents of extractable Mn, Cu and Fe ranged were 0.04-1.50, 0.39-9.01 and 14.10-639.90 mg kg -1 respectively with Mehlich 1 having the highest mean values of 0.83, 5.45 and 341.46 mg kg -1 across the locations. EDTA was more efficient in the extraction of the available Zn having a mean value of 0.11 mg kg -1 and varied from 0.01-0.22 mg kg -1 in all the soils. The 0.1 M HCl was moderately efficient in the micronutrients cation assessment, but the NH 4 OAc extractants were generally less effective in assessing the micronutrients cation even though the buffered solution gave a better extractability over the neutral normal solution. All the extractants were significantly correlated (p 0.05 M EDTA + 0.1 M (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 > 0.1M HCl > NH 4 OAc pH 4.8 > NH 4 OAc pH 7.0. Keywords: Charnockite, Correlation, Extractants, Micronutrients
Heterosis in Interracial Crosses of Corn (Zea mays L.) 1

E. Paterniani and J. H. Lonnquist VARIETAL crosses of corn regularly exhibit heterosis. The amount of heterosis displayed depends on the yielding ability and genetic diversity of the parental varieties used. Corn has long been known to be a highly polytypic species, but it was not until recently that a thorough collection was made and study of the many strains of corn available initiated. This was done extensively in North, Centra], and South America through the cooperation of the National Research Council-National Academy of Sciences and the different local institutions and Faculties with the collaboration of the Rockefeller Foundation. The collections were made primarily for preserving indigenous and local varieties of maize. These collections are of inestimable value for providing genetic diversity for further improvement, for researches in cytology and genetics, and for studies of the phylogeny of corn. Thus far the collections have been studied intensively in relation to their classification and a number of different well-defined races of maize have been recognized as occurring in the different parts of the Americas. From these studies there is a much better understanding of the races and varieties of maize in existence than was available one or two decades ago. It is now possible to explore more intensively the usefulness of the different races for breeding purposes. Although hybridization of corn has been recognized as a valuable tool for improvement of productivity, it has not yet been exploited to the fullest possible degree. Most of the varietal cross results reported in the literature have been based on relatively few varieties from local areas having a somewhat restricted genetic diversity as compared with that possible with present day available germplasm. This paper is a report of results from the Ft generation crosses among a group of 12 different races of corn from
Daytime Precipitation Estimation Using Bispectral Cloud Classification System

Abstract Two previously developed Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) algorithms that incorporate cloud classification system (PERSIANN-CCS) and multispectral analysis (PERSIANN-MSA) are integrated and employed to analyze the role of cloud albedo from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12) visible (0.65 μm) channel in supplementing infrared (10.7 mm) data. The integrated technique derives finescale (0.04° × 0.04° latitude–longitude every 30 min) rain rate for each grid box through four major steps: 1) segmenting clouds into a number of cloud patches using infrared or albedo images; 2) classification of cloud patches into a number of cloud types using radiative, geometrical, and textural features for each individual cloud patch; 3) classification of each cloud type into a number of subclasses and assigning rain rates to each subclass using a multidimensional histogram matching method; and 4) associating satellite grid.
Prevalence and Awareness of Type 2 Diabetes among Traders in Hohoe Municipality, Volta Region-Ghana

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a metabolic disease whose prevalence is on the increase in both the developed and developing countries. In Hohoe Municipality, trading is the second highest occupation besides farming. Thus, this study sought to assess the prevalence and awareness of DM2 among traders in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in April 2015 involving 387 traders (18–65 years) using a random cluster sampling technique. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on background characteristics, knowledge on the causes and risk factors of DM2. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured following standard procedures. Capillary blood was used to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS) using a glucometer (ONETOUCH UltraEasy blood glucometer, UK). Body mass index (BMI), WC, HC, Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR), and FBS were categorized using World Health Organization recommendations and Chi-square was used to determine associations between independent categorical variables and DM2 (dependent variable). Correlation between BMI, WHR and DM2 was determined using correlation coefficient. To determine the mean in quantitative variables, t test was used. Results: Of a total of 387 traders involved in the study, 88.9% were females and most (58.4%) were within the ages of 41–65 years. Overall prevalence of DM2 including those who were on treatment was 10.3%. The prevalence at the time of the survey was 8.7% and this was significantly higher among static traders (8.2%) compared to mobile traders (0.5%). Prevalence of pre-diabetes was 18.4%. Only 3.2% of the traders were diagnosed and knew about their status. However, half (1.6%) of them were not controlling their sugar levels. Interestingly, 7.1% of the traders had diabetes and were not aware. Diabetes and prediabetes was highest among traders aged 41–50 (30%) and 51 years and above (34%). Sedentary traders more likely to develop DM2 or Pre-diabetes than mobile traders (p = 0.004). The correlations between DM2, BMI and WHR were significant (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and (r = 0.12, p = 0.03) respectively. Less than half (49%) knew about the causes and symptoms of DM2 and its prevention. Conclusion: Very high proportions of adult traders were diabetics or pre-diabetics and not aware of their status. Over half of the traders did not know the causes and symptoms of diabetes and its prevention. We recommend that targeted periodic community-based screening and education on DM2 be instituted to capture those with pre-diabetes early enough for prevention of DM2 among traders in Hohoe municipality.