Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parents in adult psychiatric care and their children: a call for more interagency collaboration with social services and child and adolescent psychiatry

Abstract Background: A parental mental illness affects all family members and should warrant a need for support. Aim: To investigate the extent to which psychiatric patients with underage children are the recipients of child-focused interventions and involved in interagency collaboration. Methods: Data were retrieved from a psychiatric services medical record database consisting of data regarding 29,972 individuals in southern Sweden and indicating the patients’ main diagnoses, comorbidity, children below the age of 18, and child-focused interventions. Results: Among the patients surveyed, 12.9% had registered underage children. One-fourth of the patients received child-focused interventions from adult psychiatry, and out of these 30.7% were involved in interagency collaboration as compared to 7.7% without child-focused interventions. Overall, collaboration with child and adolescent psychiatric services was low for all main diagnoses. If a patient received child-focused interventions from psychiatric services, the likelihood of being involved in interagency collaboration was five times greater as compared to patients receiving no child-focused intervention when controlled for gender, main diagnosis, and inpatient care. Conclusions: Psychiatric services play a significant role in identifying the need for and initiating child-focused interventions in families with a parental mental illness, and need to develop and support strategies to enhance interagency collaboration with other welfare services.
Wavelength-specific effects on UVB-induced apoptosis in melanocytes. A study of Bcl-2/Bax expression and keratinocyte rescue effects

Apoptosis and alterations in Bcl-2 and Bax messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were examined in cultured human epidermal melanocytes following UVB irradiation (50 mJ/cm2). The effects of various spectral ranges within UVB were investigated. A co-culture system was set up to study the interplay between melanocytes and keratinocytes in response to UVB. Melanocytes expressed high basal levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 compared with keratinocytes. Different wavelengths within the UVB spectrum induced diverse response patterns of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and had different apoptotic power. Both Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were upregulated to preserve protein levels and only a slight increase in apoptosis was noted 24 h after UVB (λ>305 nm). Increasing UVB between 280 and 305 nm enhanced apoptosis and upregulated Bcl-2, whilst Bax mRNA was unaltered. However, no change in protein levels was detected. A redistribution of Bax protein from different compartments within the cell may be more important than direct upregulation for the acceleration of apoptosis, but it cannot be excluded that other apoptotic pathways may be induced by shorter UVB wavelengths. The increase in apoptosis was significantly lower in melanocytes co-cultured with irradiated matched keratinocytes than in melanocytes from pure cultures, indicating that melanocytes are protected from UVB-induced apoptosis by the release of substance(s) from keratinocytes. This rescue response concurred with a fast and significant increase in Bcl-2 mRNA level in melanocytes.
Infestation of Grain Fields and Degree-Day Phenology of the Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Utah: Long-Term Patterns

ABSTRACT Scouting at key times in the seasonal development of insect pest populations, as guided by degree-day accumulation, is important for minimizing unwarranted insecticide application. Fields of small grains in northern Utah were censused weekly from 2001 to 2011, to assess infestation by the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and develop degree-day guidelines for measuring cereal leaf beetle abundance at peak egg and larval densities in any given year. Even in years of high overall numbers of cereal leaf beetle, relatively few fields were heavily infested (with 20 or more cereal leaf beetle eggs + larvae per 0.09 m2) at either egg or larval peak density during the growing season. In individual fields, the number of immature cereal leaf beetle (eggs + larvae) at peak larval density was positively related to the number of immature cereal leaf beetles present earlier at peak egg density. Although there was large variation among years in when cereal leaf beetle egg and larval numbers peaked during the season as measured by degree-day accumulation from 1 January, much of this variation was accounted for by the warmth of the early spring before significant egg laying occurred. Hence, degree-day estimates that account for early spring warmth can guide growers in scouting grain fields at peak egg densities to identify fields at high risk of subsequent economic damage from cereal leaf beetle larval feeding. The relatively low incidence of fields heavily infested by cereal leaf beetle in northern Utah emphasizes the benefit that growers can gain by scouting early before applying insecticide treatments.
Distinct movement parameters are represented by different neurons in the motor cortex

Recent studies suggested that a single motor cortical neuron typically encodes multiple movement parameters, but parameters often display strong temporal interdependencies. To address this issue, we recorded single‐unit activity while macaque monkeys made continuous movements and employed an analysis that explicitly considered temporal correlations between several kinematic parameters; hand position, velocity, and acceleration. We found that while the activity of almost all motor cortical neurons was modulated during movement, most neurons were related only to a single dominant parameter. The activity of different neurons covaried with different parameters with similar strength, but neurons related to velocity were far more common than neurons related to any other parameter. These results were obtained for neurons recorded in the primary motor (M1) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices. Although neural activity tended to precede movement and PMd activity tended to precede M1 activity, time lags were widely dispersed. Shoulder and elbow muscles had the same properties as neurons, but their activity strictly preceded movement. These results demonstrate single neuron specificity and heterogeneity within a population of neurons with respect to movement parameters and time lags. Our results suggest that distinct subsets of motor cortical neurons are involved in computations related to distinct movement parameters.
Understanding electronic word-of-mouth in tourism in the social media era

In recent decades, social media has fundamentally changed how communication takes place in business. It has contributed to the evolution of the Internet from a broadcasting medium to a participatory and interactive platform which allows users to generate and share information and become part of the media. For instance, social media has enabled the creation and exchange of electronic word-ofmouth (eWOM). We have witnessed the popularity of eWOM in travel and tourism industry. EWOM behaviour among individuals and the impact of eWOM on organizations have become important research focuses in eWOM research. However, the extant research has ignored the important function of social media platforms as both hedonic and social-oriented information systems (IS) for users, and few researchers have tried to explain eWOM use from the social, hedonic, and technology perspectives. eWOM application from the organizational perspective has also attracted the attention of researchers. Most prior studies in this field have focused primarily on the impact of eWOM on business performance and organizations’ eWOM strategy. However, the understanding of how social media platforms can be used to co-create value with customers and how eWOM can help organizations to engage customers is still fragmented. What is more, the understanding of the interplay between an organization’s activity and social media technology remains obscure. The objective of this study is threefold: 1) to explore eWOM use and generation behaviours among individuals by taking eWOM content, as well as the social media platform—that is, the channel of eWOM generation and use—into consideration; 2) to explore the value creation of social media and eWOM in organizations; and 3) to examine how social media and eWOM connect individuals and organizations and uncover the myth of how eWOM benefits both individuals and travel organizations. A combination of quantitative survey research and qualitative case study is used in this study. In particular, quantitative survey research method was used to explore the eWOM use among individual user’s to solve the research questions regarding the determinants of travellers’ eWOM use and generation behaviours. Qualitative case study method was used to solve the questions regarding how can tourism organizations use social media to co-create value with customers and to engage with customers via eWOM communication. This research includes em-
Cerebral Biopsy in the Investigation of Presenile Dementia

In most instances presenile dementia is based on well-defined organic diseases and it is not necessary to resort to cerebral biopsy to establish a diagnosis. These organic disorders cover a wide spectrum and include cerebro-vascular disease, tumours, trauma and well-defined degenerative states such as Huntington's chorea, vitamin deficiencies, endocrine disturbances, infections (bacterial and viral) and poisons such as alcohol, lead, barbiturates, bromides and carbon monoxide. The effects of liver and kidney failure as well as the hypercapnia of pulmonary insufficiency account for others.
Predictors of leadership skills of Pennsylvanian youth

Abstract This study was designed to understand the factors contributing to the development of youth leaders. A descriptive correlational study was conducted to reach this goal, and a mixed method approach was used. Four Pennsylvania public high schools with agriculture programs were selected to participate in this study. Data from 421 students were collected (86% response rate) to determine the factors contributing to leadership development. This was coupled with 19 key informant interviews with teachers and students. The findings of this research indicate that social support was the most important predictor of leadership skills. This was followed by civic engagement and social interaction variables. Participation in leadership programs was also related to leadership skills. Additionally, gender differences existed in leadership skills, with females showing higher levels.
Survival rates of IPS empress 2 all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures: results of a 5-year prospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival rates of IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent) all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of up to 5 years. METHOD AND MATERIALS Forty-three patients (19 women and 24 men) were included in this study. The patients were treated with a total of 58 adhesive bonded IPS Empress 2 restorations. A total of 27 single crowns were placed on molars and premolars, and 31 three-unit FPDs were placed in the anterior and premolar regions. Clinical follow-up examinations took place at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after insertion. Statistical analysis of the data was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Results of the 50-month analysis (interquartile range, 33 to 61 months) showed that the survival rate was 100% for crowns and 70% for FPDs. Six failures that occurred exclusively in the three-unit FPDs were observed. Framework fractures were recorded in three FPD units where the connector dimensions did not meet the manufacturer specifications. Only one FPD exhibited an irreparable partial veneer fracture, and 2 FPDs showed evidence of biologic failures. The accuracy of fit and esthetic parameters were clinically satisfactory for crowns and FPDs. CONCLUSION The results of this 5-year clinical evaluation suggest that IPS Empress 2 ceramic is an appropriate material for the fabrication of single crowns. Because of the reduced survival rates, strict conditions should be considered before the use of IPS Empress 2 material for the fabrication of three-unit FPDs.
Cost-effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis targeted to high-risk serodiscordant couples as a bridge to sustained ART use in Kampala, Uganda

Despite scale‐up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV‐positive persons, HIV incidence remains elevated among those at high risk such as persons in serodiscordant partnerships. Antiretrovirals taken by HIV‐negative persons as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to avert infections in individuals in serodiscordant partnerships. Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of implementing time‐limited PrEP as a short‐term bridge during the first six months of ART for the HIV‐positive partner to prevent HIV transmission compared to increasing ART coverage is crucial to informing policy‐makers considering PrEP implementation.
Traveling through the Cancer Trajectory: Social Support perceived by Womenwith Gynecological Cancer in Hong Kong

A qualitative research design was selected to gather data on the experiences of social support for Chinese women with gynecologic cancer. Eighteen women were recruited and interviewed at an oncology unit of a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Content analysis of the interview data showed Chinese women with gynecologic cancer placed enormous emphasis on their human relationships. Family members were especially significant to them although not all identified their family relations as satisfactory or helpful. Their social network comprised 4 major sources, including family and friends, work and colleagues, health professionals, and religion and spiritual beliefs. Each network offered significant reciprocal relations, authoritative relations, or entrusting relations. The positive appraisal of the support function was linked to the Chinese value of food, work ethics, the Confucian and religious philosophy, whereas negative aspects of support, such as the stress of maintaining relationships and inadequate information, conjoined with the Chinese suppression of emotion and the busyness of health professionals. Future studies, including social relations as a determinant, should ensure a broad and multifunctional view of social support and acknowledge the cultural influences on the perspective of support.
Electrical characterization and modeling of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

This paper presents a new theoretical equivalent model (TEM) for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). This TEM is useful to simulate and analyze OLED dedicated drivers, considering dynamic and steady-state operation conditions. A simple characterization procedure to OLED parameter identification is presented. Based on this procedure an OLED sample is used to validate the proposed modeling.
iTRAQ proteomics analysis reveals that PI3K is highly associated with bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity pathways

Bupivacaine, a commonly used local anesthetic, has potential neurotoxicity through diverse signaling pathways. However, the key mechanism of bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. Cultured human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated (bupivacaine) or untreated (control) with bupivacaine for 24 h. Compared to the control group, bupivacaine significantly increased cyto‐inhibition, cellular reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis (increased TUNEL‐positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, and Bcl‐2/Bax), and activated autophagy (enhanced LC3II/LC3I ratio). To explore changes in protein expression and intercommunication among the pathways involved in bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity, an 8‐plex iTRAQ proteomic technique and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Compared to the control group, 241 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which, 145 were up‐regulated and 96 were down‐regulated. Bioinformatics analysis of the cross‐talk between the significant proteins with altered expression in bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity indicated that phosphatidyl‐3‐kinase (PI3K) was the most frequently targeted protein in each of the interactions. We further confirmed these results by determining the downstream targets of the identified signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, FoxO1, Erk, and JNK). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PI3K may play a central role in contacting and regulating the signaling pathways that contribute to bupivacaine‐induced neurotoxicity.
Assessing combined methylation–sensitive high resolution melting and pyrosequencing for the analysis of heterogeneous DNA methylation

Heterogeneous DNA methylation leads to difficulties in accurate detection and quantification of methylation. Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) is unique among regularly used methods for DNA methylation analysis in that heterogeneous methylation can be readily identified, although not quantified, by inspection of the melting curves. Bisulfite pyrosequencing has been used to estimate the level of heterogeneous methylation by quantifying methylation levels present at individual CpG dinucleotides. Sequentially combining the two methodologies using MS-HRM to screen the amplification products prior to bisulfite pyrosequencing would be advantageous. This would not only replace the quality control step using agarose gel analysis prior to the pyrosequencing step but would also provide important qualitative information in its own right. We chose to analyze DAPK1 as it is an important tumor suppressor gene frequently heterogeneously methylated in a number of malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A region of the DAPK1 promoter was analyzed in ten CLL samples by MS-HRM. By using a biotinylated primer, bisulfite pyrosequencing could be used to directly analyze the samples. MS-HRM revealed the presence of various extents of heterogeneous DAPK1 methylation in all CLL samples. Further analysis of the biotinylated MS-HRM products by bisulfite pyrosequencing provided quantitative information for each CpG dinucleotide analyzed, and confirmed the presence of heterogeneous DNA methylation. Whereas each method could be used individually, MS-HRM and bisulfite pyrosequencing provided complementary information for the assessment of heterogeneous methylation.
Integrating a Domestic Violence Education Program Into a Medical School Curriculum: Challenges and Strategies

Background: Domestic violence affects millions of women in the United States each year. Physicians are in a unique position to screen for violence in their patients' homes and refer individuals before they are injured or killed. All U.S. medical schools are expected to incorporate partner violence into their curricula. Description: The MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine has developed and integrated a domestic violence educational intervention program into the existing problem-based medical school curriculum. This educational intervention includes modification of an existing teaching case to include signs and symptoms specific to domestic violence, written learning objectives on domestic violence in the health care setting, relevant resource material, and a 3-hr training program conducted by an interdisciplinary teaching team. Evaluation: Based on quantitative and qualitative data over a 3-year period, this domestic violence education program has been successfully integrated into an existing problem-based curriculum. Overall, the high student exam scores indicate the effectiveness of the teaching program. In addition, the students' evaluation of the program reflects a high level of student satisfaction with the curriculum presented on domestic violence. Conclusion: This article describes both the content of a domestic violence teaching program and the process used to integrate such a program into a medical school curriculum. Although medical schools and their teaching programs are uniquely structured, with slight modifications they are able to accommodate domestic violence teaching programs.
Toward a Functional Followers’ Model in the Organizational Leadership Process

There are many researchers and practitioners who have at various times and situations defined theterm leadership to suit their whims and caprices. A popular scholar in the field of management andleadership opined that "there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there arepersons who have attempted to define the concept" (Bass, 1981, p. 11). There is no gainsaying thefact that in organizations, leadership plays a vital role almost on a daily basis. It is perhaps based onthis premise that makes many practitioners and scholars to focus more on leaders when discussing orwriting about leadership. Hence, most literatures predating to the 1930s and even many decades after,are mostly leader-centric in their nature and contents (Rost, 1993 and Collinson, 2006). Theseliteratures portend the traits or attributes of the "great person" theory of leadership, which is bothoutdated and outmoded (Kouzes & Posner, 2003 and Pierce & Newstrom, 2008). The "great person"theory tends to reflect the notion that leaders such as Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Napoleon, MaoTsetung, Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Nelson Mandela, etc. were born with uniqueattributes conferring leadership on them (Pierce & Newstrom, 2008, p. 7). However, in the modern day,many scholars are now of different opinions.
Contribution of household environment factors to urban childhood mortality in Mozambique.

OBJECTIVES Household environment factors are known to be associated with child mortality in urban and rural areas of many developing countries. In Mozambique, no study to date has addressed this relationship. This study is aimed to access the contribution of household environment factors to urban childhood mortality in Mozambique. DESIGN Retrospective follow-up study. SETTING Urban Mozambique. SUBJECTS One thousand and forty eight children born in urban areas of Monzambique within five years of the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey. METHODS Cox regression analysis was performed on a sample of 1048 children born in urban areas of Mozambique within five years of the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey. RESULTS Children of mother's who lived in households with no toilet facility or with well as a source of drinking water had a high risk of dying compared to children who lived in households with flush toilet and piped water. CONCLUSION Type of toilet facility and source of drinking water play an important role in the risk of childhood mortality in urban areas of Mozambique and the relationship seems to be mediated partly by demographic and socioeconomic factors.