Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Entrepreneurial Marketing Concept and Its Application by the International New Ventures

For the last two decades, there has been an ongoing research concerning the international new ventures (INV) or born global (BG) companies which are rapidly entering foreign markets. They face challenges connected with their marketing activity, because they launch relatively more product innovations in a shorter time than the gradually internationalized companies (GRAD). The entrepreneurial marketing (EM) concept could become a solution to some of these challenges, because of a greater entrepreneurial intensity (EI) and different decision-making approach than “classical” marketing concept. This study’s aim is to analyze the EM concept and application of its elements by the INVs originating from Poland. Based on two computer-aided telephone interview (CATI) studies of INVs from the Polish industrial processing sector, the central elements of EM, applied by them, are explored, together with their relationship to INV performance. As it is shown, the INVs introduce significantly more product innovations than the gradually internationalized small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). They often exceed competitors in the speed of launching innovations and are flexible in entering new markets. The entrepreneurial orientation (EO) indicators are at low to medium levels in all studied SMEs. However, the propensity to risk is slightly stronger in the INVs and correlated moderately with the financial performance. As the study shows, lack of emphasis on marketing planning and information gathering is the characteristic of the Polish INVs, which may testify to their effectual approach to decision making. Furthermore, similar as in the foreign-based INVs, there may exist a relationship between the application of the EM concept and performance of the Polish INVs, which, however, requires further study with respect to some mediating factors. It has been concluded that innovativeness of the product offering and propensity to risk seems to be the characteristic EM concept elements accompanying the rapid internationalization of INVs. The future research should focus on other elements of the EM-mix applied by INVs originating from emerging economies.
The awakening of BL Lacertae: observations by Fermi, Swift and the GASP-WEBT

Since the launch of the Fermi satellite, BL Lacertae has been moderately active at ? -rays and optical frequencies until 2011 May, when the source started a series of strong flares. The exceptional optical sampling achieved by the GLAST–AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope in collaboration with the Steward Observatory allows us to perform a detailed comparison with the daily ? -ray observations by Fermi. Discrete correlation analysis between the optical and ? -ray emission reveals correlation with a time lag of 0 ± 1 d, which suggests cospatiality of the corresponding jet emitting regions. A better definition of the time lag is hindered by the daily gaps in the sampling of the extremely fast flux variations. In general, optical flares present more structure and develop on longer time-scales than corresponding ? -ray flares. Observations at X-rays and at millimetre wavelengths reveal a common trend, which suggests that the region producing the mm and X-ray radiation is located downstream from the optical and ? -ray-emitting zone in the jet. The mean optical degree of polarization slightly decreases over the considered period and in general it is higher when the flux is lower. The optical electric vector polarization angle (EVPA) shows a preferred orientation of about 15°, nearly aligned with the radio core EVPA and mean jet direction. Oscillations around it increase during the 2011–2012 outburst. We investigate the effects of a geometrical interpretation of the long-term flux variability on the polarization. A helical magnetic field model predicts an evolution of the mean polarization that is in reasonable agreement with the observations. These can be fully explained by introducing slight variations in the compression factor in a transverse shock waves model.
Biosynthesis , characterization antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticle by using Carica papaya fruit extract and it ’ s interaction with an anticancer drug ( 5-fluorouracil )

Silver nanoparticles (AgNp) has been synthesised using Carica pappya as a biological reduction technique. From the optical measurements, the synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit high mono dispersed in nature it’s an evident from SEM analysis. The concentration of silver nanoparticles determined by the Dude model using absorption spectrum. The interaction of AgNp with 5-Flurouracil (5FU) drug was studied using UV–Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, FT-IR and life time fluorescence spectra. The powdered form of silver nanoparticles was synthesised and characterized by XRD pattern to measure the size of nanoparticle, their Antibacterial activity was screened against both gram-negative and gram positive microorganisms. Thus, this method can be used for rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of biocompatible silver nanoparticles possessing Antibacterial activity suggesting their possible application in medical industry.
Influence of graphene oxide on the properties of composite polyacrylonitrile membranes

This paper presents the results of research on the synthesis of graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile (GO/PAN) composite membranes from N,N-dimethylformamide solution using a phase inversion method. Our studies have shown that the presence of GO has a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the composite material, which is also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, GO has been found to improve the transport properties and prevent fouling behavior. Qualitative studies of the composition of the membranes using an attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique proved the presence of GO on the surface of the GO/PAN membrane and, simultaneously, the lack of bands characteristic for PAN, which may explain the phenomena occurring during the transport of liquid through GO/PAN membranes. Thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetery) confirmed that when graphene oxide is incorporated into the polymer matrix at a level of at least 4%, the properties of the GO/PAN composites are distinctly changed, and the PAN cyclization temperature is much lower. Wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns, on the other hand, showed good dispersion of GO in the composite membranes.
Soil landscape evolution due to soil redistribution by tillage : a new conceptual model of soil catena evolution in agricultural landscapes

This paper focuses on analysing tillage as a mechanism for the transformation of soil spatial variability, soil morphology, superficial soil properties and development of soil– landscape relationships in agricultural lands. A new theoretical two-dimensional model of soil catena evolution due to soil redistribution by tillage is presented. Soil profile truncation occurs through loss of soil mass on convexities and in the upper areas of the cultivated hillslopes; while the opposite effect takes place in concavities and the lower areas of the field where the original soil profile becomes buried. At sectors of rectilinear morphology in the hillslope (backslope positions), a null balance of soil translocation takes place, independent of the slope gradient and of the rate of downslope soil translocation. As a result, in those backslope areas, a substitution of soil material in the surface horizon with material coming from upslope areas takes place. This substituted material can produce an inversion of soil horizons in the original soil profile and sometimes, the formation of ‘‘false truncated soil’’. In the Skogstad agricultural field (Cyrus, MN) spatial patterns of soil properties (soil calcium carbonate content) in the surface soil horizons and soil morphology along several slope transects were analyzed. These spatial patterns are compared with those estimated for soil redistribution (areas of erosion and deposition) due to tillage using the Soil Redistribution by Tillage (SORET) model and water erosion using the models Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and Universal Soil Loss Equation (Usle2D). Results show that tillage was the predominant process of soil redistribution in the studied agricultural field. Finally, some practical implications of the proposed model of soil landscape modification by tillage are discussed. Nomographs to 0341-8162/$ see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.catena. 2003.12. 004 * Corresponding author. Tel. : +34-91-3944890; fax: +34-91-3944845. E-mail address: Sdealba@geo.ucm. es (S. De Alba). S. De Alba et al. / Catena 58 (2004) 77–100 78 calculated the intensity of the expansion process of the eroded soil units by tillage are proposed for three different patterns of tillage. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hybridization as a stimulus for adaptation to a novel environment

8 Revival of the hopeful monster 8 The Bateson Model 10 The General Model 11 Predictions 11 Conclusions 13 Acknowledgements 14 Literature Cited 15 Appendix I. Figures and Tables 19 Chapter 2. Hybridization increases rate of adaptation to novel environment 24 Abstract 25 Introduction 25 Methods 27 Results 33 Discussion 34 Acknowledgements 37 25 Introduction 25 Methods 27 Results 33 Discussion 34 Acknowledgements 37 Literature Cited 38 Appendix II. Figures and Tables 42 Chapter 3. Hybridization and life history evolution during an ecological transition . 59 Abstract 60 Introduction 60 Methods 62 Results 66 60 Introduction 60 Methods 62 Results 66 Discussion 67
Examining Effect of Attention on Short-Term Memory Recall of Arabic Abstract and Concrete Words Using Free, Cued, and Serial Recall Paradigms

Purpose: To see if there is a correlation between attention and short-term memory recall and to examine attention as a factor affecting memory recall of Arabic concrete and abstract words through free, cued, and serial recall paradigms. Methods: Four groups of undergraduates in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia participated in this study. The first group consisted of 9 undergraduates who were trained to perform three types of recall for 20 Arabic abstract and concrete words. The second, third and fourth groups consisted of 27 undergraduates where each group members were trained only to perform one recall type: free recall, cued recall and serial recall respectively. Attention level was the independent variable and number of recalled abstract and concrete words was the deponent variable. The used materials in this study were: abstract and concrete words classification form based on four factors was distributed to the participants (concreteness, imageability, meaningfulness, and age of acquisition), three oral recall forms, three written recall forms, and observation sheets for each type of recall. Three methods were used: auditory, visual, and written methods. Results: A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationship between the paid attentional efforts (concentration) and short-term memory recall (recalled Arabic abstract and concrete words). There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r = 0.713, n = 440, p = 0.000, with R 2 = . 508. Overall, there was a moderate, positive correlation between attentional efforts and short-memory recall. Conclusions: Increases and decreases in paid attentional efforts were correlated with increases and decreases in retrievable and nonretrievable Arabic abstract and concrete words (short-term memory recall).
Situation Testing for Employment Discrimination in the United States of America

Over the past decade, more than 30 situation testing studies have been conducted in the USA on race, gender, age, and other forms of discrimination in the labor market. This research has typically documented discriminatory behavior, conscious or unconscious, by 20% to 40% of employers. These findings have influenced public opinion and government policy by publicizing the continued prevalence of discrimination in a particularly persuasive way. They have also been used to change employers' behavior through legal action, and they have added to our understanding of the psychological and organizational processes of discrimination. Expanded use of this investigative technique can contribute importantly toward addressing the serious problem of employment discrimination in industrial societies.
Origins of thyroid progenitors and tumor-initiating cells

The thyroid gland located in the anterior neck consists of two main cell types. First, the follicular cells that form the functional units, the follicles, in which thyroid hormones are produced and stored before release into the blood circulation; second, the parafollicular cells or C cells that produce calcitonin, a hormone that takes part in calcium regulation. These two cell types can give rise to different forms of cancer. Understanding basic mechanisms that govern the development and differentiation in the embryo may shed light on cell-specific mechanisms in tumor development. In non-mammalian vertebrates neuroendocrine C cells retain in the ultimobranchial glands instead of being incorporated into the thyroid. Early quail-chick transplantation studies indicated that the C cells derive from the neural crest (i.e. are neuroectodermal), but this was not confirmed in mammals. In paper I, lineage tracing using a double fluorescent reporter (mTmG) showed that thyroid C cells in mouse embryos derive from pharyngeal endoderm instead of the neural crest. It was further shown that endoderm markers (Foxa1 and Foxa2) are dynamically regulated in invasive medullary thyroid carcinomas in humans. The actual entry of C cell precursors into the embryonic thyroid was investigated in paper II. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy indicated that the basement membrane of the ultimobranchial bodies is degraded before fusing with the thyroid primordium and that the process required Nkx2-1, a thyroid transcription factor. This suggested that migration and final parafollicular positioning of thyroid C cells is intrinsically regulated during development. In paper III, we modified an inducible mouse model of papillary thyroid cancer (the most common type of thyroid cancer). This mouse model is based on the Cre/loxP-system in which a BrafV600E mutation (constitutively activating the MAPK pathway) is conditionally activated only in thyroid follicular cells upon induction with tamoxifen. We discovered occurrence of sporadic Cre activity in the absence of tamoxifen and that microtumors developed clonally with functionally normal thyroid follicles side by side. Eventually, multifocal papillary thyroid carcinomas of different phenotypes (classical, tall-cell, hobnail, cystic and solid variants) developed within the same gland. Thus, this model enabled the detailed study of different stages in tumor development under conditions that closely resemble tumor development in humans. In paper IV, TgCre;BrafV600E mice were recombined with the mTmG reporter to trace mutant cells before overt tumorigenesis. A great diversity in proliferation rate among primary GFP-labeled cells that rarely developed into microtumors suggested the possibility of oncogene-induced senescence. Treatment with vemurafenib, a specific inhibitor to mutant Braf, inhibited focal tumorigenesis at an early stage, suggesting feasibility of the model in drug testing.
Title Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Tofacitinib is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) which was recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There are several randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that have investigated the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A systematic review with a metaanalysis of RCTs was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in treating patients with RA. Methods: Electronic and clinical trials register databases were searched for published RCTs of tofacitinib between 2009 and 2013. Outcomes of interest include 20% and 50% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology Scale (ACR20 and ACR50) response rates, rates of infection, the number of immunological/ haematological adverse events (AEs), deranged laboratory results (hepatic, renal, haematological tests and lipoprotein level) and the incidence of drug withdrawal. Results: Eight RCTs (n = 3,791) were reviewed. Significantly greater ACR20 response rates were observed in patients receiving tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg bid (twice daily) versus placebo at week 12, with risk ratios (RR) of 2.20 (95% CI 1.58, 3.07) and 2.38 (95% CI 1.81, 3.14) respectively. The effect was maintained at week 24 for 5 mg bid (RR 1.94; 95% CI 1.55, 2.44) and 10 mg bid (RR 2.20; 95% CI 1.76, 2.75). The ACR50 response rate was also significantly higher for patients receiving tofacitinib 5 mg bid (RR 2.91; 95% CI 2.03, 4.16) and 10 mg bid (RR 3.32; 95% CI 2.33, 4.72) compared to placebo at week 12. Patients in the tofacitinib group had significantly lower mean neutrophil counts, higher serum creatinine, higher percentage change of LDL/HDL and a higher risk of ALT/AST > 1 ULN (upper limit of normal) versus placebo. There were no significant differences in AEs and withdrawal due to AEs compared to placebo. Conclusion: Tofacitinib is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with MTX-resistant RA up to a period of 24 weeks. However, haematological, liver function tests and lipoproteins should be monitored. Long-term efficacy and pharmacovigilance studies are recommended.
HOW THE FIRST STARS SHAPED THE FAINTEST GAS-DOMINATED DWARF GALAXIES

Low-mass dwarf galaxies are very sensitive test-beds for theories of cosmic structure formation since their weak gravitational fields allow the effects of the relevant physical processes to clearly stand out. Up to now, no unified account has existed of the sometimes seemingly conflicting properties of the faintest isolated dwarfs in and around the Local Group, such as Leo T and the recently discovered Leo P and Pisces A systems. Using new numerical simulations, we show that this serious challenge to our understanding of galaxy formation can be effectively resolved by taking into account the regulating influence of the ultraviolet radiation of the first population of stars on a dwarf’s star formation rate while otherwise staying within the standard cosmological paradigm for structure formation. These simulations produce faint, gas-dominated, star-forming dwarf galaxies that lie on the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation and that successfully reproduce a broad range of chemical, kinematical, and structural observables of real late-type dwarf galaxies. Furthermore, we stress the importance of obtaining properties of simulated galaxies in a manner as close as possible to the typically employed observational techniques.
High resolution damage detection of loaded carbon/epoxy laminates using synchrotron radiation computed tomography

The inherent anisotropy and heterogeneity of polymer matrix composites leads to complex macro and micro-mechanical material behaviour. Many micro-mechanical theories exist to predict the failure of unidirectional composites, for example the strength distribution and stress transfer models of Rosen, Batdorf and Hedgepeth. However experimental analysis to confirm the underpinning assumptions made in these theories is limited and hence the validity of the work has not yet been fully determined. Conventional micromechnical assessment methods however are limited, typically having one or more of the following constraints; destructive, time consuming, low spatial resolution or mechanistic ambiguity. Contemporary computed tomography (CT) methods have great potential to overcome these problems, providing resolutions (to sub-micron levels) at sample scales that may allow multiple damage mechanisms to be quantified in three dimensions. In the present work, high-resolution synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) results have been obtained for a commercial grade carbon/epoxy composite laminate under load that is widely used in engineering applications. The double edge notched [90/0]s laminate plates were loaded in-situ to failure and scanned in the preloaded state, and then at incrementally increasing stress levels to the point of final failure. The imaging techniques enable major damage mechanisms to be identified and quantified, with the present work particularly focused on individual fibres breaks. To the authors' knowledge it provides the first detailed quantification of the accumulation of broken fibres in a carbon/epoxy laminate up to a near-failure condition. It can be seen that failure of fibres is the dominant damage mechanism controlling tensile fracture stress. The incidence of fibre break clusters evidences the role of load sharing in the build up of a failure. No correlation was found between the location of matrix cracks in the 90° plies and fibre breaks in the 0°ply. At present the image analysis has shown no obvious correlation between the location of fibre breaks and other micro-structural features, i.e. presence of voids and resin rich regions. However the data obtained in this experiment gives scope for further quantification.
Infertility The Role of G22 A Adenosine Deaminase 1 Gene Polymorphism and the Activities of ADA Isoenzymes in Fertile and Infertile Men

730 a 2015 Else All Rights Re notypes in fertile and infertile men. METHODS In this study we evaluate frequency distribution of ADA1 G22 A alleles and genotypes in 200 fertile and 200 infertile men. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used for determining ADA1 G22 A variants. In addition, ADA isoenzymes activities (ADA1 and ADA2) were measured using colorimetric method. RESULTS The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher and GA genotype was lower in infertile males compared with fertile men (P 1⁄4 .048 and P 1⁄4 .045, respectively). However, there was not any noticeable difference in allele distribution between groups (P >.05). Based on logistic regression analysis, the GA genotype has a protective role and can decrease the risk of male infertility 1.7 times (P 1⁄4 .046). There were significantly higher activities of ADAT and its isoenzymes in infertile males compared with fertile men (P <.05). Also, the ADA1 activity with GG genotype was higher than GA carriers in all population (P 1⁄4 .001). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the activity of ADA isoenzymes and distribution of ADA1 G22 A genotypes were different among fertile and infertile men and more likely the GA genotype, which had lower ADA1 activity and was higher in fertile men is a protective factor against infertility. UROLOGY 86: 730e734, 2015. 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Examining Hypermnesia in Free and Serial Recall

The present study was designed to further examine the relationship between hypermnesia and order retention. The experiment examined free- and serial-recall performance while using more ecologzcally-valid stimuli (20 actions that might occur in a park-throwing a Frisbee, reading a newspaper, etc.) than are typically used in hyperrnnesia studies (i.e., words and pictures) Three successive free-recall tests revealed positive hypermnesia, whereas 3 successive serial-recall tests displayed no change in performance across tests.
Novel Panel Cointegration Tests Emending for Cross�?Section Dependence with N Fixed

In this paper, we propose new cointegration tests for single equations and panels. In both cases, the asymptotic distributions of the tests, which are derived with N fixed and T going to infinity, are shown to be standard normals. The effects of serial correlation and cross-sectional dependence are mopped out via long-run variances. An effective bias correction is derived which is shown to work well in finite samples; particularly when N is smaller than T. Our panel tests are robust to possible cointegration across units.