Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Scalable Commutativity Rule

What opportunities for multicore scalability are latent in software interfaces, such as system call APIs? Can scalability challenges and opportunities be identified even before any implementation exists, simply by considering interface specifications? To answer these questions, we introduce the scalable commutativity rule: whenever interface operations commute, they can be implemented in a way that scales. This rule is useful throughout the development process for scalable multicore software, from the interface design through implementation, testing, and evaluation. This article formalizes the scalable commutativity rule. This requires defining a novel form of commutativity, SIM commutativity, that lets the rule apply even to complex and highly stateful software interfaces. We also introduce a suite of software development tools based on the rule. Our Commuter tool accepts high-level interface models, generates tests of interface operations that commute and hence could scale, and uses these tests to systematically evaluate the scalability of implementations. We apply Commuter to a model of 18 POSIX file and virtual memory system operations. Using the resulting 26,238 scalability tests, Commuter highlights Linux kernel problems previously observed to limit application scalability and identifies previously unknown bottlenecks that may be triggered by future workloads or hardware. Finally, we apply the scalable commutativity rule and Commuter to the design and implementation sv6, a new POSIX-like operating system. sv6’s novel file and virtual memory system designs enable it to scale for 99% of the tests generated by Commuter. These results translate to linear scalability on an 80-core x86 machine for applications built on sv6’s commutative operations.
Long-term results of mandibular reconstruction of continuity defects with fibula free flap and implant-borne dental rehabilitation.

PURPOSE This study evaluated the retrospective outcomes of implant-borne dental rehabilitation in patients with mandibular defects reconstructed with a fibula free flap. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with segmental mandibular defects were enrolled in this cohort study. Defects in these patients were caused by oral neoplasm, trauma, and osteoradionecrosis. The patients were treated with a fibula free flap procedure and dental implant-borne prostheses between 1988 and 2010. Clinical and radiographic data were evaluated; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used to evaluate implant survival parameters. The statistical significance (α = .05) of the results was determined. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were selected in this study. All patients were available for continuous follow-up. Nine patients (12.1%) developed fibular graft complications postoperatively: 3 in donor sites and 6 in recipient sites. One hundred ninety-two implants were inserted, and 18 implants failed (9.3%). Overall implant survival in patients was 90.1%, 83.1%, and 69.3% after 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively. In 152 implants, probing depth (PD) ranged from 2 to 3 mm. In 31 implants, PD was greater than 5 mm. In 9 implants, PD was greater than 7 mm. The highest implant failure rates were expected for men (odds ratio [OR] = 2.948; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 7.85; P = .031), patients receiving primary fibula free flap reconstruction (OR = 3.696; 95% CI, 1.16 to 11.73; P = .027), and patients receiving radiotherapy (OR = 5.269; 95% CI, 1.40 to 19.7; P = .014). CONCLUSION Fibula free flap procedures and implant-borne prostheses proved to be reliable approaches for rehabilitation of mandibular defects and oral function. The overall postoperative fibula free flap and peri-implant complication rates proved to be low. Regular follow-up visits and proper oral hygiene maintenance contributed to the long-term successful treatments.
Single channel studies of the phosphorylation of K+ channels in the squid giant axon. II. Nonstationary conditions

The effects of phosphorylation on the properties of the 20-pS channel of the squid giant axon were studied using the cut-open axon technique. Phosphorylation of the channel was achieved by photoreleasing caged ATP (inside the patch pipette) in the presence of the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase A. An inverted K+ gradient (500 K+ external parallel 5 K+ internal) was used to study the activation process. Phosphorylation decreased the frequency of openings of the channel at most potentials by shifting the probability vs. voltage curve toward more positive potentials. The mean open times showed no voltage dependence and were not affected by phosphorylation. The distribution of first latencies, on the other hand, displayed a sharp voltage dependence. Phosphorylation increased the latency to the first opening at all potentials, shifting the median first latency vs. voltage curve toward more positive potentials. The slow inactivation process was studied in the presence of a physiological K+ gradient (10 K+ external parallel 310 K+ internal). Pulses to 40 mV from different holding potentials were analyzed. Phosphorylation increases the overall ensemble probability by decreasing the number of blank traces. A single channel inactivation curve was constructed by computing the relative appearance of blank traces at different holding potentials before and after photoreleasing caged ATP. As determined in dialyzed axons, the effect of phosphorylation consisted in a shift of the inactivation curve toward more positive potentials. The 20-pS channel has the same characteristics as the delayed rectifier current in activation kinetics, steady-state inactivation, and phosphorylation effects.
Gender Identity and Wives' Labor Market Outcomes in West and East Germany between 1984 and 2016

We exploit the natural experiment of German reunification in 1990 to investigate if the institutional regimes of the formerly socialist (rather gender-equal) East Germany and the capitalist (rather gender-traditional) West Germany shaped different gender identity prescriptions of family breadwinning. We use data for three periods between 1984 and 2016 from the representative German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Density discontinuity tests and fixed-effects regressions suggest that married couples in West (but not East) Germany diminished the wife’s labor market outcomes in order to avoid situations where she would earn more than him. However, the significance of the male breadwinner prescription seems to decline in West Germany since reunification, converging to the more gender-egalitarian East Germany. Our work emphasizes the view that political and institutional frameworks can shape fairly persistent gender identity prescriptions that influence household economic decisions for some time, even when these frameworks change.
[Strengths and weaknesses of food and diet in the Spanish population of the 21st century].

Introducción: en la actualidad, son precisamente los países mediterráneos, cuyo estilo de vida característico fue reconocido como paradigma de salud y promocionado al resto del mundo, los que se encuentran en situación de riesgo, en la que se hace necesario el desarrollo inmediato de estrategias que contribuyan a la adopción de hábitos saludables de vida. Objetivos: revisar los patrones de la dieta actual en España, así como su evolución en los últimos años. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica relacionada con el tema. Resultados: los cambios en el estilo de vida que han ido introduciéndose poco a poco en los últimos años han propiciado una progresiva disminución en el consumo de cereales y derivados, patatas y legumbres, y un aumento de la ingesta de carnes rojas y derivados. Desde el punto de vista nutricional, esta tendencia se ha traducido en un incremento de la dieta en grasa y proteínas, en detrimento de los hidratos de carbono complejos (y un incremento asociado de los azúcares totales, incluidos los añadidos). Al mismo tiempo, la población española, con independencia de la edad, muestra un comportamiento mayoritariamente sedentario. Todo lo anterior ha propiciado que España se encuentre en una situación preocupante, puesto que contamos con una de las tasas de prevalencia de obesidad infantil y juvenil más elevadas de toda Europa, fenómeno que también resulta grave en la población adulta. Conclusiones: se constata la necesidad de favorecer la recuperación de nuestra cultura alimentaria, a través de la educación, y de volver a alimentarnos y a vivir de acuerdo con unos patrones que nos han mantenido protegidos durante generaciones, tratando de responder a la siguiente pregunta: si no hace tantos años llevábamos una alimentación que cumplía con las recomendaciones de dieta saludable, ¿qué nos impide volver a ella?
Construction of Polar Codes for Arbitrary Discrete Memoryless Channels

It is known that polar codes can be efficiently constructed for binary-input channels. At the same time, existing algorithms for general input alphabets are less practical because of high complexity. We address the construction problem for the general case, and analyze an algorithm that is based on successive reduction of the output alphabet size of the subchannels in each recursion step. For this procedure, we estimate the approximation error as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\mu ^{-1/(q-1)})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the input alphabet size and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the “quantization parameter,” i.e., the maximum size of the subchannel output alphabet allowed by the algorithm. The complexity of the code construction scales as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(N\mu ^{2} \log \mu)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the length of the code. We also show that if the polarizing operation relies on modulo-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> addition, it is possible to merge subsets of output symbols without any loss in subchannel capacity. Performing this procedure before each approximation step results in a further speed-up of the code construction, and the resulting codes have smaller gap to capacity. We also show that a similar acceleration can be attained for polar codes over finite field alphabets. Experimentation shows that the suggested construction algorithms can be used to construct long polar codes for alphabets of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q=16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and more with acceptable loss of the code rate for a variety of polarizing transforms.
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Self-Compassion with Perceived Pain in Migraine Patients in Ilam, 2018

Background: Migraineisoneof thecommondiseases,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneof thereasonsof disabilityandsincethis disease is widespread, attention to this subject is necessity. Objectives: The aim of study was to determine the relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with perceived pain in migraine patients. Methods: Thiswasadescriptiveanalyticcross-sectionalstudy,whichwascarriedoutonthe168patientswithmigraineinthewestof Iran, in Ilam, during year 2018. The tools used included several sections of mind-consciousness questionnaires, self-compassionate questionnaire, and numerical scale pain. Patients with migraine referring to Ilam health centers (hospitals, clinics, and oﬃces) were studied in the research with the sampling method. The researcher collected data by referring to the required centers in order to sample. After data collection, data entry to SPSS statistical software version 16 was performed. Results: Mean ± SD of the total score of mind-consciousness variables was 53.33 ± 4.69, self-compassion was 71.48 ± 4.85, and pain was3.33 ± 1.75. Findingsshowedthatthereisacorrelationbetweenmindfulnessandpain(F=81.78,P=0.000,r=0.57),andthereis no relationship between self-compassion and pain (F = 0.004, P = 0.95, r = 0.005). Conclusions: Considering the eﬀect of mindfulness in controlling pain, it is necessary to perform interventions based on mind-consciousness. Also, due to there being no relationship between self-compassionate behavior and pain, more research is needed in this area to provide researchers with complete information.
Lipid profile improvement in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients switched to dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine: data from the SCOLTA project

Introduction: Metabolic disorders are common amongst HIV-infected patients. Data from real-life setting on the impact of DTG/ABC/3TC in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients are scarce. Methods: We investigated the modification of metabolic profile including fasting glucose, lipid profile and markers of insulin resistance (IR) in experienced patients switching from a boosted protease inhibitors (bPI) or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen to DTG/ABC/3TC in a prospective, observational, multicenter study. Results: We enrolled 131 HIV-infected patients, of whom 91 (69.5%) males, mean age was 50.5±10.6 years. CDC stage was A in 66 (50.4%) patients, of whom 91 (69.5%) had acquired HIV through sexual contacts. The previous regimen was bPI-based in 79 patients (60.3%) and NNRTI-based in 52 (39.7%). Patients switching from NNRTI showed a significant reduction at week 24 in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio, HDL, median TG and TG/HDL ratio did not show significant modification during follow-up times. Among patients switching from a bPI, we observed a significant reduction in TC and LDL at both follow-up times and a slight increase in HDL. Triglycerides/HDL ratio, median TG and TG/HDL ratio showed a decrease over time that became significant at weeks 24 and 48. Blood glucose levels did not significantly vary during the observation period in patients switching from both bPI and NNRTI-based regimens. Conclusion: Our data suggest an improvement in lipid profile and TG/HDL ratio in pretreated HIV-1-infected patients who switched to DTG/ABC/3TC over 48 weeks, especially in those previously receiving a bPI-based regimen.
P1-484 Socio-cultural beliefs and sexual activity among post-menopausal women in Ibadan Northeast local government area, Nigeria

Little or no work has been done on sociocultural beliefs and sexual activity of postmenopausal women in Nigeria. This study was carried out to assess socio-cultural beliefs and sexual activity among postmenopausal women in Ibadan NorthEast Local Government Area. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 522 postmenopausal women aged 40–65 years. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, attitude to sociocultural beliefs regarding sexual activity and current sexual activity of respondents. Descriptive χ2 and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 54.0±5.6 years. Overall, 45.7% agreed with at least one of the stated socio-cultural beliefs and the mean attitudinal score was 4.1±3.2. Among those who currently had partners, only 30.7% reported post-menopausal sexual activity. Significantly higher proportions of those with no formal education (78.6%), those aged ≥50 years (69.9%) and with supportive attitude towards the socio-cultural beliefs (83.8%) reported cessation of post-menopausal sexual activity (p<0.05). The significant predictors for cessation of post-menopausal sexual activity were no formal education (OR=4.1, 95% CI from 2.0 to 8.3), supportive attitude towards socio-cultural beliefs (OR=5.6, 95% CI from 3.4 to 9.4) and older age group (OR=4.1, 95% CI from 2.4 to 7.0). Socio-cultural beliefs affected post-menopausal sexual activity among these women; this may result in their partners seeking for alternative sexual partners with the attendant problems of sexually transmitted infections. There is need for the development of educational interventions targeted at changing these beliefs.
Copolarized and Cross‐Polarized SAR Measurements for High‐Resolution Description of Major Hurricane Wind Structures: Application to Irma Category 5 Hurricane

C-band high-resolution radar (synthetic aperture radar [SAR]) is the only spaceborne instrument able to probe at very high resolution and over all ocean basins the sea surface under extreme weather conditions. When coanalyzed with Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer wind estimates, the radar backscatter signals acquired in major hurricanes from Sentinel-1 and Radarsat-2 SAR reveal high sensitivity in the cross-polarized channel for wind speeds up to 75 m/s. The combination of the two copolarized and cross-polarized channels can then be used to derive high-resolution surface wind estimates. The retrieval methods and impacts of intense rainfall are discussed in the context of a Hurricane Irma (2017) case study. On 7 September 2017, Sentinel-1 measurements intercepted Hurricane Irma when it was at category 5 intensity. When compared to Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, SAR-derived wind speeds yield bias and root-mean-square of about 1.5 and 5.0 m/s, respectively. The retrieved wind structure parameters for the outer core are found to be in agreement with the Best-Track and combined satellite- and aircraft-based analyses. SAR measurements uniquely describe the inner core and provide independent measurements of the maximum wind speed and the radius of maximum wind. Near the radius of maximum wind a 65-m/s increase in wind speed in less than 10 km is detected, corresponding to an instantaneous absolute vorticity of order 210 times the Coriolis parameter. Using a parametric Holland model and the environmental surface pressure (1,011 hPa), SAR-derived wind speeds correspond to a central surface pressure of 918
The Difference between Predictability of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Sense of plausibility with their Sense of Classroom Management

As teachers are one of the vital elements in learners’ success in second language (L2) learning process, research on them seems necessary in L2 educational settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a statistically significant difference between predictability of Iranian EFL teachers’ emotional quotient (EQ) and sense of plausibility with their sense of classroom management. To this end, a sample of 120 (60 female and 60 male) experienced EFL teachers were selected at different schools and language institutes in Qazvin, Iran. Then three standardized questionnaires were administered to all participants, including the attitudes and beliefs on classroom control (ABCC) Inventory, teachers’ sense of plausibility to language teaching pedagogy, and emotional intelligence (EQ). Next, standard multiple regression analysis was utilized to probe the research question. The results revealed that EFL teachers’ sense of plausibility was a more statistically significant predictor of teachers’ sense of classroom management rather than their EQ. The findings of the present study have implications for L2 teacher education and teacher training programs.
Do Self-Regulation Skills of Preschoolers Mediate the Relation Between Parenting Behaviors and Peer Play Skills?

The aim of this research is to examine the relations between parenting behaviors of mothers, self-regulation skills and peer play skills of preschool children between 60-72 months old focusing in particular the mediation role of the self-regulation skills in relation between parenting behaviors and peer play skills. The sample of the research is selected from the central districts of a city in middle western Turkey, by random sampling method. Sample of the study consist of 365 children, their mothers and teachers. The results indicate that there is a positive relation between positive parenting and positive play skills and a similar association between negative models. Although the self-regulation skills are positively associated with positive peer play, no significant relation is found between self-regulation and negative peer play behaviors. Additionally, no indirect effect of parenting behaviors on peer play skills through self-regulation skills was observed. Implications of the findings are discussed in the light of the related literature.
A Sequential Approach for Small Signal Stability Enhancement With Optimizing Generation Cost

A small signal stability enhancement method is proposed based on optimal power flow model, where small signal stability (SSS) is considered as additional constraint. For handling the discontinuity and high nonlinearity of SSS constraint, a sequential approach is proposed to decompose the original optimization problem into a sequence of sub-problems. For every sub-problem, SSS constraint (i.e., critical eigenvalues) is linearized locally within bounded region. To ensure the effectiveness of eigenvalue sensitivity, a trust region strategy is used for dynamically updating the region size in solving sub-problem sequence. For preventing constrained eigenvalues from varying between critical and uncritical modes in the solving process, an active set strategy is adopted to construct the constraint set and control the solving process. A set of candidate operating points, with different generation cost and minimum damping ratio, is extracted from solution of the sub-problem sequence, which allows to make trade-off between economic efficiency and stability level for system operation. Three test systems are used to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Chromosomal evolution and molecular genetic analysis of four species of genus Anas (Aves: Anatidae)

Birds are considered one of the least karyotypically examined animal groups due to their karyotype specificity, i.e. small chromosomes, a large diploid chromosome number and the separation of chromosomes into macro- and microchromosomes. The present work was aimed to investigate the number of chromosomes and their karyological and molecular genetic relationships of four species of genus Anas (Anas crecca, Anas penelope, Anas acuta and Anas clypeata (Family: Anatidae). All four species have the same diploid chromosome number of 2n=80. The four investigated species have shown five pairs of macrochromosomes and the remaining 35 pairs were of microchromosomes. Ten RAPD primers were used for molecular discrimination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The (PCR) showed polymorphic bands, which were used for the construction of the dendrogram and a similarity matrix. A total of 133 bands were obtained; 37 of them were polymorphic and 27 unique bands. Similarity values among the species under study ranged from 79% to 85%. The highest similarity was between A. Penelope and A. acuta (85%) while the lowest similarity was between A. acuta and A. clypeata (79 %). RAPD analysis confirmed that the four Anas species under study are genetically different from each other and a genetic variation was found between and within the three species tested in this study. The karyotypic features are also suitable as cytotaxonomic markers of Anatidae.