Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Responses in the Ventral Temporal Cortex During Reading of Numerals and Calculation

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that specific neuronal populations in the ventral temporal cortex show larger electrophysiological responses to visual numerals compared with morphologically similar stimuli. This study investigates how these responses change from simple reading of numerals to the active use of numerals in an arithmetic context. We recorded high‐frequency broadband (HFB) signals, a reliable measure for local neuronal population activity, while 10 epilepsy patients implanted with subdural electrodes performed separate numeral reading and calculation tasks. We found that calculation increased activity in the posterior inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) with a factor of approximately 1.5 over the first 500 ms of calculation, whereas no such increase was noted for reading numerals without calculation or reading and judging memory statements. In a second experiment conducted in 2 of the same subjects, we show that HFB responses increase in a systematic manner when the single numerals were presented successively in a calculation context: The HFB response in the ITG, to the second and third numerals (i.e., b and c in a + b = c), was approximately 1.5 times larger than the responses to the first numeral (a). These results provide electrophysiological evidence for modulation of local neuronal population responses to visual stimuli based on increasing task demands.
Does exercise increase or decrease pain? Central mechanisms underlying these two phenomena

Exercise is an integral part of the rehabilitation of patients suffering a variety of chronic musculoskeletal conditions, such as fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain and myofascial pain. Regular physical activity is recommended for treatment of chronic pain and its effectiveness has been established in clinical trials for people with a variety of pain conditions. However, exercise can also increase pain making participation in rehabilitation challenging for the person with pain. Animal models of exercise‐induced pain have been developed and point to central mechanisms underlying this phenomena, such as increased activation of NMDA receptors in pain‐modulating areas. Meanwhile, a variety of basic science studies testing different exercise protocols, show exercise‐induced analgesia involves activation of central inhibitory pathways. Opioid, serotonin and NMDA mechanisms acting in rostral ventromedial medulla promote analgesia associated with exercise. This review explores and discusses current evidence on central mechanisms underlying exercised‐induced pain and analgesia.
Presynaptic inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors by noradrenaline in nociceptive neurons

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor is a polymodal molecular integrator in the pain pathway expressed in Aδ‐ and C‐fibre nociceptors and is responsible for the thermal hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory pain. Noradrenaline strongly inhibited the activity of TRPV1 channels in dorsal root ganglia neurons. The effect of noradrenaline was reproduced by clonidine and antagonized by yohimbine, consistent with contribution of α2 adrenergic receptors. The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on TRPV1 channels was dependent on calcium influx and linked to calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II. In spinal cord slices, clonidine reduced the frequency of capsaicin‐induced miniature EPSCs in the presence of tetrodotoxin and ω‐conotoxin‐MVIIC, consistent with inhibition of presynaptic TRPV1 channels by α2 adrenergic receptors. We suggest that modulation of presynaptic TRPV1 channels in nociceptive neurons by descending noradrenergic inputs may constitute a mechanism for noradrenaline to modulate incoming noxious stimuli in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
The State of Clinical Librarianship in Canada: a Review of the Literature, 1970–2013

This paper examines the history of clinical librarianship in Canada from 1970 to 2013 as seen through the lens of practitioner narratives and published literature. While no reviews of clinical librarianship in Canada were found in the literature search, there were many project descriptions in articles and published reports that have provided insight into the field during its formative period in Canada from the 1970s. In addition to tracing narrative histories from 1970 to 2013, the author has continued to wonder why these important stories have never properly been told. Was it because the scope of clinical librarianship, its expected and embodied professional duties, was not regulated (as it is in the United States and United Kingdom)? Is it because the American Library Association accredited library schools in Canada do not offer appropriate curricula and professional training? It seems clear that some librarians in Canada were pioneers in the way that Gertrude Lamb was in the United States, but they did not call themselves clinical librarians. Consequently, they opted for more generic job titles such as medical librarian and health librarian. Whatever the reasons for this, it is within this framework that the author begins an exploration of clinical librarianship in Canada. The paper's aim is to provide a view into clinical librarianship in Canada back to the 1970s to ensure the story is properly told.
Interrelationships between TMT management styles and organizational innovation

The major purpose of this study is empirically to investigate the relationships among management styles of top management teams (TMT), decision‐making modes, and organizational learning and innovation for manufacturing firms in Taiwan. Through a series of questionnaire surveys on 115 stock‐listed manufacturing firms in Taiwan, conclusions: arrives at the following firms having TMT with a higher level of empowerment and consensus management style tend to adopt a participative decision‐making mode and emphasize team learning; firms having TMT with aggressive and internal interaction characters tend to exercise higher levels of organizational learning and innovation; and firms with a higher extent of organizational learning tend to adopt participative decision‐making modes and perform better in innovation.
Anatomical and Functional Findings in Female‐to‐Male Transsexuals: Testing a New Hypothesis

Abstract Gender dysphoria (GD) is characterized by incongruence between onés gender assigned at birth and the gender that one identifies with. The biological mechanisms of GD are unclear, especially in female‐to‐male transsexuals (FtM‐TR). Here, we investigate whether distinct structural and functional patterns along cerebral midline networks processing own‐body perception may constitute a biological correlate. Method: MRI of functional connectivity, cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter volume was carried out in 28 female‐to‐male transsexuals (FtM‐TR) and 68 cis‐sexual controls (34 male). FtM‐TR displayed thicker mid‐frontal, precuneal‐parietal, and lingual cortex than both male and female controls, whereas, in regions with reported anatomical sex differences among the controls, FtM‐TR followed patterns of the gender assigned at their birth. FtM‐TR also displayed weaker functional connections from the pregenual anterior cingulate to the insular cortex, and the temporo parietal junction compared with both control groups. Distinct structural and functional pattern in the own‐body image network may represent biological markers for the dysphoric own‐body perception in transgender individuals.
Resveratrol supplementation of high‐fat diet‐fed pregnant mice promotes brown and beige adipocyte development and prevents obesity in male offspring

Maternal high‐fat diet impairs brown adipocyte function and correlates with obesity in offspring. Maternal resveratrol administration recovers metabolic activity of offspring brown adipose tissue. Maternal resveratrol promotes beige adipocyte development in offspring white adipose tissue. Maternal resveratrol intervention protects offspring against high‐fat diet‐induced obesity.
Effects of psychological distress on quality of life of adult daughters and their mothers with cancer

Introduction: As the population continues to age, adult daughters are more likely to be involved in caregiving. Given the fact that sharing emotional experiences is common in female relationships, (dis)similarity between mothers with cancer and their adult caregiving daughters is expected. However, the extent to which the (dis)similarity in psychological distress influences the quality of life of each person remains unknown.
Mitochondrial energetics and calcium coupling in the heart

Contraction and relaxation of the heart consume large amounts of energy that need to be replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and matching energy supply to demand involves the complimentary control of respiration through ADP and Ca2+. In heart failure, an imbalance between ADP and Ca2+ leads to oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides, where NADH oxidation may limit ATP production and contractile function, while NADPH oxidation can induce oxidative stress with consecutive maladaptive remodelling. Understanding the complex mechanisms that disturb this finely tuned equilibrium may aid the development of drugs that could ameliorate the progression of heart failure beyond the classical neuroendocrine inhibition.
Understanding trust in supply chain relationships

The popularity of supply chain partnerships has exploded over the past few years with an increasing interest in the role of trust in facilitating the relationship. There has been a noticeable increase in the last quarter of the twentieth century of the importance of trust in partnerships and alliances in management literature. This paper deals with the nature and crucial role played by trust in long‐term relationships and tries to integrate a number of different perspectives to develop a framework along with three issues: ways the term “trust” is used, factors leading to trusting behaviour in the customer‐supplier relationship, and the effect of trust on the behaviour of a customer and a supplier. The paper presents some insights for supply chain managers from which they can examine their own partner relationships and provides supply chain managers with an in‐depth analysis of how to manage their supply chain relationships.
Implementing touch‐screen technology to enhance recognition of distress

Objective: The University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center implemented a systematic approach for patients to communicate with their health‐care team in real‐time regarding psychosocial problem‐related distress using touch‐screen technology. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience in implementing touch‐screen problem‐related distress screening as the standard of care for all outpatients in a health‐care setting. Although early identification of distress has recently gained wide attention, the practical issues of implementing psychosocial screening with and without the use of technology have not been fully addressed or investigated.
An examination of the 3‐factor model and structural invariance across racial/ethnic groups for the FACIT‐Sp: a report from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐II (SCS‐II)

Objectives: Recent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well‐Being (FACIT‐Sp) Scale in a sample of predominantly white women demonstrated that three factors, Meaning, Peace, and Faith, represented a psychometric improvement over the original 2‐factor model. The present study tested these findings in a more diverse sample, assessed the stability of the model across racial/ethnic groups, and tested the contribution of a new item.
Both standing and postural threat decrease Achilles’ tendon reflex inhibition from tendon electrical stimulation

Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) and associated Ib reflexes contribute to standing balance, but the potential impacts of threats to standing balance on Ib reflexes are unknown. Tendon electrical stimulation to the Achilles’ tendon was used to probe changes in Ib inhibition in medial gastrocnemius with postural orientation (lying prone vs. upright standing; experiment 1) and height‐induced postural threat (standing at low and high surface heights; experiment 2). Ib inhibition was reduced while participants stood upright, compared to lying prone (42.2%); and further reduced when standing in the high, compared to low, threat condition (32.4%). These experiments will impact future research because they demonstrate that tendon electrical stimulation can be used to probe Ib reflexes in muscles engaged in standing balance. These results provide novel evidence that human short‐latency GTO‐Ib reflexes are dependent upon both task, as evidenced by changes with postural orientation, and context, such as height‐induced postural threat during standing.
Industrial Management & Data Systems Development of a survey instrument to examine consumer adoption of broadband

Purpose – To describe the development of a survey instrument designed to measure consumer perceptions of the broadband adoption within the UK households. Design/methodology/approach – A survey research approach was employed to achieve overall aim and following three objectives of this research: to identify initial items that may help to explain the broadband adoption behaviour and determine them employing an exploratory survey approach; to confirm the representativeness of items to a particular construct domain employing content validity approach; and finally, to test the instrument in order to confirm the reliability of items and construct validity. Findings – The final outcome of the instrument development process that culminated from the confirmatory study was a parsimonious, 39-item instrument, consisting of ten scales, all with acceptable levels of content validity, reliability and construct validity. Practical implications – The developed instrument is relevant to both academic and practitioner communities who hold a particular interest in the study and management of broadband adoption from the household consumer perspective. Originality/value – The most conspicuous contribution of the paper is to provide a reliable instrument that is fundamental to measure the household consumer’s perceptions of adopting broadband internet.
A contingency model for knowledge management capability and innovation

Purpose – Based on theories of organizational learning and strategy, the purpose of this study is to develop a strategic contingency model to identify the interrelationships among knowledge characteristics, knowledge management (KM) strategy, knowledge integration, organizational learning, KM capability and innovation.Design/methodology/approach – This study was conducted using the survey method. A total of 800 survey questionnaires were sent to KM managers from the semiconductor, LED, precision machinery, communication, and biotech industries. ANOVA and LISREL were adopted to test 11 hypotheses as developed in this study.Findings – The research results concluded that: knowledge characteristics with higher modularity and explicitness could enhance organizational learning and knowledge integration; levels of organizational learning, knowledge integration, and KM capability had significant impact on a firm's innovation; the interaction effects of human oriented KM strategy and organizational learning, and s.
Industrial Management & Data Systems Knowledge systems and value creation : An action research investigation

Purpose – The paper aims to explore the role of knowledge management systems (KMS) in promoting value creation in the construction sector. Design/methodology/approach – An action research methodology using a multiple case study approach, which includes participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Findings – The findings indicate that KMS promote value creation when they embed and nurture the social conditions that bind and bond team members together. Also, to be effective KMS should be incorporated within a change management programme that promotes a “participatory” type of culture while taking into account the team-based structure and discipline-oriented nature of the construction industry. Therefore, much more consideration should be given to organisational change issues prior to deployment of KMS. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to organisations from the construction industry, but can be generalised to organisations from other sectors that exhibit similar characteristics. Practical implications – The findings can be used to guide management teams in deploying KMS to foster value creation as part of a wider change management programme. Originality/value – While related research tends to adopt an objectivist or subjectivist approach to knowledge management (KM), the present research argues that a third approach is required where issues related to technology, culture, and organisation must be blended successfully to address complex organisational barriers to effective KM leading to value creation.
The effect on osteogenesis of type I collagen applied to experimental bone defects

– The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of type I collagen sponge on the healing of bone defects. In this study, six adult male rabbits were used. After the induction of general anesthesia with intraperitoneal kethamine, the anterior surfaces of tibias of the rabbits were surgically exposed, and two holes with 4 mm in diameter were prepared on each tibia for the investigation. Only one hole in each tibia was filled with type I collagen, the other unfilled hole was used as control. During the study, radiopacity changes in the radiographs of the tibias of the rabbits were evaluated. The animals were killed on the 28th day, and histologic sections of the tibias were prepared. On the 28th day, it was histopathologically observed that collagen cavities were filled with new bone. In addition, it was determined that there was an increase in radiopacity of the defect areas from 14 to 28 days in both groups, and there were statistically a significant difference between control and collagen groups (P = 0.0001). In this study, consequently, it was determined that type I collagen sponge in the experimental cavities provides a more rapid regeneration of bone defects compared with non-filled cavities.
Development of a customer satisfaction index model: An application to the Turkish mobile phone sector

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop and test a new customer satisfaction index model for Turkish mobile phone sector (TMPS). Design/methodology/approach – Based on relevant literature and theoretical considerations on customer satisfaction, a new measurement model was developed. A survey based on the proposed model was conducted to 700 mobile phone users in Istanbul. Partial least squares method was employed to estimate the proposed structural equation model (SEM). Findings – The general applicability of a SEM depends on the reliability and validity of the modeling results. The proposed satisfaction model exhibits strong explanatory power with its satisfactory reliability and validity results.Research limitations/implications – The proposed model was tested for the TMPS. It should ideally be tested periodically for different sectors with more data, and the index results should be compared.Practical implications – The results of this study provide very important information for the managers in .
The role of communication and support in return to work following cancer‐related absence

Objective: Many cancer survivors experience difficulties returning to work. However, there have been relatively few attempts to understand why problems with employer support and work adjustment occur. This paper aims to extend previous work in two ways: first, through exploring the way in which communication and support at work effect cancer survivors on their return to work and during the post‐return period; and second, by drawing on a research sample working in the United Kingdom.
Competitive priorities of manufacturing firms in Thailand

Purpose – This paper seeks to identify competitive priorities, based on the opinions of top executives of manufacturing firms belonging to the Federation of Thai Industry (FTI). It is also to evaluate the implications and applicability of these findings for Thai manufacturers.Design/methodology/approach – A survey is used as a data‐collection tool to gather the opinions of top executives. Its main contents are based on Takala (2002). Ten manufacturers from four industries have participated in the study. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is selected to analyze the survey responses. In addition, the comparison of competitive priorities among Thailand, China, and Taiwan is made. The follow‐up interviews and discussion are also conducted.Findings – There are six criteria selected to reflect competitive priorities: quality, customer‐focus, delivery, flexibility, know‐how, and costs. The study reveals that the quality, customer‐focus and delivery criteria are recognized as important priorities in order to .
Ambient Glutamate Promotes Paroxysmal Hyperactivity in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons at Amyloid Plaques via Presynaptic mGluR1 Receptors

Synaptic dysfunctions and altered neuronal activity play major role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with underlying mechanisms largely unknown. We report that in the prefrontal cortex of amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1 and APP23 AD mice, baseline activity of pyramidal cells is disrupted by episodes of paroxysmal hyperactivity. Induced by spontaneous EPSC bursts, these incidents are prevalent in neurons proximal to amyloid plaques and involve enhanced activity of glutamate with metabotropic effects. Abolition of EPSC bursts by tetrodotoxin and SERCA ATPase blockers thapsigargin or cyclopiasonic acid suggests their presynaptic origin and sensitized store-released calcium. Accordingly, the rate of EPSC bursts activated by single axon stimulation is enhanced. Aggravation of the hyperactivity by blockers of excitatory amino acid transporter (±)-HIP-A and DL-TBOA together with histochemical and ultrastructural evidence for enrichment of plaque-related dystrophies with synaptic vesicles and SNARE protein SNAP-25 infer the later as hot-spots for ectopic release of glutamate. Inhibition of EPSC bursts by I/II mGluR1 blocker MCPG or selective mGluR1 antagonist LY367385 implicate metabotropic glutamatergic effects in generation of paroxysmal bursts. These findings demonstrate for the first time that at amyloid plaques, enhanced activity of nonsynaptic glutamate can promote irregular EPSC bursts with hyperactivity of pyramidal cells via mGluR1 receptors.