Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third-Level Education, Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Boom in Ireland

Ireland’s dramatic economic boom of the 1990s has been referred to as “the era of the Celtic Tiger”. In a little over a decade, real national income per head jumped from 65 percent of the Western European average to above parity, unemployment tumbled from double to less than half the European Union average and numbers at work increased by over 50 percent. Much research has been carried out on the impact of each of the separate elements agreed to have been important in stimulating or sustaining the boom. The present paper focuses on one key under-researched synergy – the nexus between the country’s industrial strategy, which focused on attracting foreign direct investment in certain high-tech sectors, and the orientation of the third-level educational system that had been developed in Ireland over recent decades.
A Study from Nepal Showing No Correlation between Lichen Planus and Hepatitis B and C Viruses

A total number of 86 cases of Lichen planus (LP) were seen over a period of one and a half years. This constituted 0.58% of 14833 new dermatological patients seen. Hepatitis B and C viral (HBV & HCV) serology was carried out in 64 patients and 43 age and sex matched controls. In the examined patients, 35 (54.27%) had the skin lesions only. Oral lesions were present in 15 (23.4%) of the patients in addition to skin lesions, while 14 (21.9%) had only oral involvement. Serology for HBsAg and HCV was negative in all types of LP patients and the controls. In Nepal, HBV and HCV seem to be not important in the pathogenesis of LP.
The Brazilian freshwater wetscape: Changes in tree community diversity and composition on climatic and geographic gradients

Wetlands harbor an important compliment of regional plant diversity, but in many regions data on wetland diversity and composition is still lacking, thus hindering our understanding of the processes that control it. While patterns of broad-scale terrestrial diversity and composition typically correlate with contemporary climate it is not clear to what extent patterns in wetlands are complimentary, or conflicting. To elucidate this, we consolidate data from wetland forest inventories in Brazil and examine patterns of diversity and composition along temperature and rainfall gradients spanning five biomes. We collated 196 floristic inventories covering an area >220 ha and including >260,000 woody individuals. We detected a total of 2,453 tree species, with the Amazon alone accounting for nearly half. Compositional patterns indicated differences in freshwater wetland floras among Brazilian biomes, although biomes with drier, more seasonal climates tended to have a larger proportion of more widely distributed species. Maximal alpha diversity increased with annual temperature, rainfall, and decreasing seasonality, patterns broadly consistent with upland vegetation communities. However, alpha diversity-climate relationships were only revealed at higher diversity values associated with the uppermost quantiles, and in most sites diversity varied irrespective of climate. Likewise, mean biome-level differences in alpha-diversity were unexpectedly modest, even in comparisons of savanna-area wetlands to those of nearby forested regions. We describe attenuated wetland climate-diversity relationships as a shifting balance of local and regional effects on species recruitment. Locally, excessive waterlogging strongly filters species able to colonize from regional pools. On the other hand, increased water availability can accommodate a rich community of drought-sensitive immigrant species that are able to track buffered wetland microclimates. We argue that environmental conditions in many wetlands are not homogeneous with respect to regional climate, and that responses of wetland tree communities to future climate change may lag behind that of non-wetland, terrestrial habitat.
Effect of Hypothermia in Dogs on Anesthetizing and Apneic Doses of Inhalation Agents: Determination of the Anesthetic Index (Apnea/MAC)

Moderate hypothermia in dogs rectilinearly decreased anesthetic requirements for cyclopropane, diethyl either, fluroxene, halothane and methoxyflurane. The greatest reductions (52 and 53 percent) occurred with the most lipid-soluble agents, halothane and methoxyflurane, and the smallest (20 percent) with the least soluble, cyclopropane. Reductions with ether and fluroxene were 42 and 37 per cent. More profound hypothermia to 22–24° C. led to further reductions, suggesting that between 18–21° C. cold itself would be sufficient for anesthesia.Moderate hypothermia also decreased the concentration of anesthetic required to produce apnea, so that the anesthetic index (apneic concentration/anesthetic concentration) did not change significantly with decrease in temperature except for diethyl ether, whose index rose significantly over 10 ° C. At normothermia there was a significant difference between the index for cyclopropane (2.4) and that for methoxyflurane (3.4), but no significant difference existed among the other agents.
Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological artifacts in fMRI by direct extraction of physiological activity from MR data

A physiological artifact reduction method based on extracting respiratory motion and cardiac pulsation directly from functional MR data is described. In fast low angle shot (FLASH), respiratory cycles are derived utilizing the phase of the center of a navigator echo, in echo‐planar imaging (EPI) from the phase of the center κ‐space point. Cardiac cycles are determined from projections obtained from the navigator echo (FLASH) and the center κ‐space line (EPI). Because direct extraction of physiological parameters eliminates the need for external monitoring, the method can be more readily implemented. Experimental results illustrate that the technique provides effective compensation for physiology‐related signal fluctuations in functional MRI and performs as well as the retrospective technique using external physiological monitoring. Key words: fMRI; motion artifacts; physiological motion; image processing.
ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION The Undoing of Scenarios

Scenarios with dramatic outcomes often evoke counterfactual thinking, mentally undoing that outcome by mutating events in the causal scenario and thereby allowing for the mental simulation of new outcomes. Is Experiment 1, we manipulated the order of four events in a scenario. Each of these events could be mutated to alter the outcome, and each event was described as having caused the eveni that followed it People preferred to change the first event and showed no preference for changes to the subsequent events. We proposed that perceived mutability of an event is constrained by the existence of prior events that are believed to have caused the event. Experiment 2 examined characteristics of the events themselves, rather than their order, that affect their mutability. When these were framed as a norm, people were relatively unlikely to mutate the event in order to undo the outcome, instead preferring to mutate the exceptions. The norm or exception status of other events in the scenario did not affect the mutability of a focal event. Discussion includes the conditions that naturally trigger counterfactual thinking and the role of counterfactual thinking in affective reactions.
[Investigation on occupational stress of workers in clean workshops of electric company].

OBJECTIVE The aim is to learn the situation of work stress, burnout and depression in clean workshops of electronic company by investigation, and provide the clues for the further interventions as well as the basic data for the future evaluation. METHODS The survey was carried out in a electronic company in Xishan,Wuxi city. The subjects including all the 395 employees in clean workshops and 205 in ordinary workshops were asked to fill in an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire, in which the distributions of age, gender, job duration, working time and working strength were similar between two kinds of workshops. The response rate was 98.9%. RESULTS There were no significant differences between clean and ordinary workshops in age, gender, smoking, drinking and working hours, except for employed years. It was not found that any differences between two kinds of workshop for the rates of burnout, depression and stress. However, the rates of burnout, depression and stress were 19.7%(77/391), 24.8%(97/391) and 88.5%(346/391) in clean workshops and 19.3%(39/202), 23.8%(48/202) and 84.6%(171/202) in ordinary workshops. There were no significant differences between two workshops for the scores of burnout and depression, but the stress score in clean workshops was higher than that of ordinary workshop (P = 0.015). Further stratified analysis found that stress score of male in clean workshop was higher than that of female (P = 0.002), while it was inverse in ordinary workshops (P = 0.034). In addition, the stress score of male in clean workshops was significantly higher than that of male in ordinary one (P = 0.003). The stress score of workers with age ≥22 year old was higher than that of age <22 in clean workshops, while the stress rate of workers with job duration ≥1.6 years was more than that of those with the shorter job duration. The risk of stress in clean workshops was as 3.78 times as ordinary one and the 95% confidence interval was 1.54∼9.31 after adjusted age and gender. There were negative correlations between stress and society support in both clean and ordinary workshops. CONCLUSION The levels of work stress, burnout and depression were high in this electronic company. The stress in clean workshops was more serious than that of ordinary ones, especially for the males.
Communication 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid , 5-Formyltetrahydrofolic Acid ( Folinic Acid ) , and Folie Acid Requirements of Normal and Rous Sarcoma Virus-infected Chicken Fibroblasts 1

Normal and Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken fibroblasts proliferate maximally in a culture medium contain ing a physiological (10 ng/ml) concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid or folinic acid (5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid), while their maximal proliferation requires a hyperphysiological (1000 ng/ml) concentration of folie acid. The normal and Rous-infected fibroblasts do not differ in their requirements for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid, or folie acid.
Expression of functional toll-like receptors on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes.

I read with interest the article by Song et al (2002). The authors showed that cultured human epidermal keratinocytes constitutively express CD14 andToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a CD14and TLR4-dependent manner (Song et al, 2002). Recently, we reported that cultured human epidermal keratinocytes express functional TLR2 (Kawai et al, 2002). In contrast to the ¢ndings of Song et al (2002), we could not detect CD14 or TLR4 expression on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (Kawai et al, 2002). We found that the LPS response of keratinocytes depends on TLR2, rather than CD14 or TLR4 (Kawai et al, 2002). Because keratinocytes do not respond to repuri¢ed LPS or lipid A (Kawai et al, 2002), the LPS response of keratinocytes may be mediated by TLR2-activating non-LPS bacterial components contaminating in commercial LPS preparations. The discrepancy might be related to the di¡erent culture conditions of human epidermal keratinocytes. We have shown that cultured human epidermal keratinocytes can be induced to express TLR4 in response toTLR2-activating bacterial components (Kawai et al, 2002). Addition of serum to the growth medium may also regulate TLR4 expression on keratinocytes in vitro (Kawai et al, 2002). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that normal human epidermal keratinocytes express both TLR2 and TLR4 in vivo (Kawai et al, 2002). These observations indicate that cultured human epidermal keratinocytes do not express TLR4 constitutively, but culture conditions can modulateTLR4 expression on keratinocytes in vitro. Although normal human epidermal keratinocytes cultured in the serum-free growth medium were examined in both studies, serum might be used for the isolation and subculture of keratinocytes and could induce TLR4 expression in the study by Song et al (2002). Alternatively, in the study by Song et al keratinocytes might be activated through TLR2 with contaminating bacteria/fungi or necrotic cells, which stimulate cells throughTLR2 (Li et al, 2001). Our data are consistent with a previous study showing that CD14 is not expressed on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (Hunyadi et al, 1992); however, keratinocytes can be induced to express CD14 in vitro in response to interferon-g (Hunyadi et al, 1993). Similarly, CD14 is not expressed on human epidermal keratinocytes in normal skin (Hunyadi et al, 1992; Kawai et al, 2002), but is expressed on epidermal keratinocytes in several in£ammatory skin diseases (Hunyadi et al, 1993). In conclusion, the contradictory data for CD14 and TLR4 expression on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes obtained in these studies might be due to the di¡erent culture conditions. These studies, however, clearly demonstrate that human epidermal keratinocytes are able to express functional CD14 and TLRs, and together support the important role for keratinocytes in innate immune responses in the skin.
Zenodo in the Spotlight of Traditional and New Metrics

In this case study, we aim to explore the characteristics and the reception of files uploaded to Zenodo and the role the repository plays itself in generating usage. To this end, we first apply descriptive statistics on Zenodo’s full set of data record metadata with DOIs until and including January 2017 (n=141,777 records). Second, we estimate the coverage of Zenodo datasets in the Data Citation Index (DCI) as well as of Zenodo journal articles in the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), Zenodo books and book chapters in the Book Citation Index, and Zenodo conference papers in the Proceedings Citation Index, and analyse their citedness according to the different data record types in Zenodo (e.g., journal article, dataset, book, or conference paper). Third, we provide a bibliometric analysis of Zenodo records by using different metrics for citedness, including citation, usage and altmetrics. Altmetrics data are gathered from two of the most popular tools for altmetric analyses, PlumX and Altmetric.com, and we compare the results. Moreover, we study how open access and DOIs provided by Zenodo influence the impact of Zenodo data records and we find a tendency towards a positive relationship between permissive access rights and altmetrics in certain data records.
Premilking stimulation effects on milking performance and oxytocin and prolactin release in cows.

For effects on milking performance, 12 Holstein cows were subjected to four stimulation routines: a) no stimulation, b) manual stimulation, c) manual stimulation with delayed milking, and d) intravenous infusion of . 75 IU of oxytocin. In an added experiment, effects of the first two treatments on milking performance and release of oxytocin and prolactin were measured. Milk yield, fat, and protein content were not affected by any treatment. Machine-on times were shorter and peak and average milk flow rates higher for manually stimulated and oxytocin and prolactin in sera at resting were 5.25 microU/ml and 16.5 ng/ml. Differences between mean peak concentrations of oxytocin (16.6 and 16.0 microU/ml) and prolactin (28.1 and 27.5 ng/ml) for stimulated and unstimulated cows were small. Mean oxytocin concentration in stimulated cows peaked at 2 min compared with 5 min for unstimulated cows. No difference in time of prolactin release was detected. The timing of oxytocin release, rather than maximal concentration, could be the most important factor affecting milking.
Measurement of the Extreme Ankle Range of Motion Required by Female Ballet Dancers

Female ballet dancers require extreme ankle motion, especially plantar flexion, but research about measuring such motion is lacking. The purposes of this study were to determine in a sample of ballet dancers whether non—weight-bearing ankle range of motion is significantly different from the weight-bearing equivalent and whether inclinometric plantar flexion measurement is a suitable substitute for standard plantar flexion goniometry. Fifteen female ballet dancers (5 university, 5 vocational, and 5 professional dancers; age 21 ± 3.0 years) volunteered. Subjects received 5 assessments on 1 ankle: non—weight-bearing goniometry dorsiflexion (NDF) and plantar flexion (NPF), weight-bearing goniometry in the ballet positions demi-plié (WDF) and en pointe (WPF), and non—weight-bearing plantar flexion inclinometry (IPF). Mean NDF was significantly lower than WDF (17° ± 1.3° vs 30° ± 1.8°, P < .001). NPF (77° ± 2.5°) was significantly lower than both WPF (83° ± 2.2°, P = .01) and IPF (89° ± 1.6°, P < .001), and WPF was significantly lower than IPF (P = .013). Dorsiflexion tended to decrease and plantar flexion tended to increase with increasing ballet proficiency. The authors conclude that assessment of extreme ankle motion in female ballet dancers is challenging, and goniometry and inclinometry appear to measure plantar flexion differently.
Another approach to estimating the reliability of glycaemic index

The usefulness of the glycaemic index (GI) of a food for practical advice for individuals with diabetes or the general population depends on its reliability, as estimated by intra-class coefficient (ICC), a measure having values between 0 and 1, with values closer to 1 indicating better reliability. We aimed to estimate the ICC of the postprandial blood glucose response to glucose and white bread, instant mashed potato and chickpeas using the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and the GI of these foods. The iAUC values were determined in twenty healthy individuals on three and four occasions for white bread and glucose, respectively, and for potato and chickpeas on a single occasion. The ICC of the iAUC for white bread and glucose were 0·50 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·73) and 0·49 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·75), respectively. The mean GI of white bread was 81 (95 % CI 74, 90) with a reliability of 0·27 indicating substantial within-person variability. The GI of mashed potato and chickpeas were 87 (95 % CI 76, 101) and 28 (95 % CI 22, 37) respectively with ICC of 0·02 and 0·40.The ICC of the iAUC were moderate and those of the GI fair or poor, indicating the heterogeneous nature of individuals' responses. The unpredictability of individual responses even if they are the result of day-to-day variation places limitations on the clinical usefulness of GI. If the very different GI of potato and chickpeas are estimates of an individual's every-day response to different foods, then the GI of foods may provide an indication of the GI of a long-term diet.
A prognostic classification of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

The dependence of survival time on a set of prognostic factors was explored by means of Cox's regression model in 137 cases of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). The following parameters recorded at diagnosis proved to be important independent indicators of a poor prognosis: a higher value for age, a lower value for Hb concentration, a higher value for immature myeloid cells in peripheral blood (IMC), a lower value for total erythroid iron turnover (TEIT), and a bone marrow red cell aplasia (RCA). A prognostic classification tree was constructed whose terminal nodes (risk groups), described by simple logical conditions upon important indicators, were characterized by significantly different expected survival. The two extreme risk groups lend themselves to a simple, but complete description. The low‐risk group (19.7% of the sample) comprises cases who had the diagnosis of MMM before age 45 and a number of IMC constantly lower than 24%. The actuarial proportion of patients surviving at 15 years was 100%. The high‐risk group (29.9% of cases) comprises patients with age greater than 45 and Hb lower than 13 g/dl, associated with RCA, or with a relatively decreased erythropoiesis (TEIT lower than 2 times the normal) or with IMC greater than 24%. Seven out of the 11 who died within this group developed blastic crisis. Median survival time of the group was 69 months.
Interaction of wild-type and mutant M protein vesicular stomatitis virus with nucleocapsids in vitro.

We have characterized the interactions between mutant or wild-type M protein and nucleocapsids of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by assaying for inhibition of in vitro transcriptase activity. The interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature: high concentrations of NaCl or poly(L-glutamic acid) reverse the inhibition. These interactions are much weaker in each of the four M protein mutants (complementation group III) tested than in wild-type VSV. Temperature-sensitive revertants were selected from each of the M protein mutants studied. The salt-dependent inhibitory profiles of all the revertants resemble that of wild-type VSV, suggesting that M-nucleocapsid interactions are integrally related to the temperature-sensitive phenotype of group III mutants. These results are discussed in relation to the accompanying paper [Reidler, J.A. , Keller, P.M. , Elson, E.L. , & Lenard, J. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] which shows that interaction between M protein and infected cell membranes is increased in all group III mutants studied.
Non‐convulsive status epilepticus of frontal origin following surgery for craniopharyngioma

process (Yahr and Lobo-Antunes, 1972) lying at the two poles of an autoimmune range (Foschi et al., 2000)? Is susceptibility to one or the other because of interplay between genes and environment, with clinical subtypes determined by modifier gene loci (Butterfield et al., 1999)? Whether MDEM and relapsing–remitting (R–R) MS are actually separate entities needs to be resolved. Immunomodulatory agents can alter the natural history of R–R MS; when best to commence such therapy is now at issue (Hartung & Grossman, 2001).
Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Anus Treated With Combined Modality Therapy

AbstractPURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the local control and survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of the anus who received combined modality therapy as a component of their treatment. METHODS: Thirteen patients with primary anal adenocarcinoma (T1: 1, T2: 4, T3: 3, T4: 5; and N0: 9, N1: 2, N2: 2) were treated between 1989 and 2001 in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Three general treatment approaches were used that were based on physician and patient preference as well as tumor stage. These included preoperative combined modality therapy followed by abdominoperineal resection (n = 5), with four of the five receiving postoperative chemotherapy; local excision followed by postoperative radiation alone or combined modality therapy (n = 5); and abdominoperineal resection followed by postoperative combined modality therapy (n = 3). Two patients received brachytherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 19 months, the median survival was 26 months, the local failure rate was 37 percent, and the two-year actuarial survival was 62 percent. In the subset of eight patients treated with abdominoperineal resection and preoperative or postoperative radiation or combined modality therapy, local control was 63 percent, and three of eight are without evidence of disease. Of the five patients who underwent a local excision followed by postoperative radiation or combined modality therapy, the local control rate was 60 percent, with one of the local failures salvaged by abdominoperineal resection and one of five patients without evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: Although the experience is limited, our data suggest that the combination of abdominoperineal resection and combined modality therapy is a reasonable approach for this rare tumor.