Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Stress and Traffic Accidents: The Impact of Separation and Divorce

Background: Personal responses to stressful life events are suspected of increasing the risk of serious traffic accidents. Methods: We analyzed data from a French cohort study (the GAZEL cohort), including a retrospective driving behavior questionnaire, from 13,915 participants (10,542 men age 52–62 years and 3373 women age 47–62 years in 2001). Follow-up data covered 1993–2000. Hazard ratios for serious accidents (n = 713) were computed by Cox's proportional hazard regression with time-dependent covariates. Separate analyses were also performed to consider only at-fault accidents. Results: Marital separation or divorce was associated with an increased risk of a serious accident (all serious accidents: hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.7–5.0; at-fault accidents: 4.4, 2.3–8.3). The impact of separation and divorce did not differ according to alcohol consumption levels. Other life events associated with increased risk of serious accident were a child leaving home (all accidents: 1.2, 0.97–1.6; at-fault accidents: 1.5, 1.1–2.1), an important purchase (all accidents: 1.4, 1.1–1.7; at-fault accidents: 1.6, 1.2–2.1), and hospitalization of the partner (all accidents: 1.4, 1.1–2.0). Conclusion: This study suggests that recent separation and divorce are associated with an increase in serious traffic accidents.
An investigation of the role of trust in virtual project management success

Virtual project teams introduce new challenges for project managers tasked with the job of delivering project success. One such challenge is the development and maintenance of trust within the virtual environment. The paper explores the role that trust plays in virtual project teams and investigates how trust influences project outcomes. A model of trust in the virtual team environment is proposed and tested using data collected from a survey of members of the Project Management Institute. Analysis of the data showed that virtual team trust predicted project success, however swift trust and perceived traditional experience did not have any influence on virtual team trust. Based on the results of the study, the paper explores and recommends strategies to develop and maintain trust to a level that promotes the success of virtual team projects.
A Bad Workman Blames His Tweets? The Consequences of Citizens’ Uncivil Twitter Use When Interacting with Party Candidates

Existing studies focusing on politicians' adoption of Twitter have found that they use it primarily as a broadcasting tool. We argue that citizens' impolite and/or uncivil behavior is one possible explanation for such decisions. Social media conversations are rife with harassment and politicians are a prime target. This alters the incentive structure of engaging in dialogue on social media. We use Spanish, Greek, German, and U.K. candidates' tweets sent during the run-up to the recent European Parliament elections, and rely on automated text analysis and machine learning methods to measure their level of civility. Our contribution is an actor-oriented theory of political dialogue that incorporates Twitter's specific affordances, clarifying how and why Twitter's democratic promise may be limited.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution susceptibility testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria

One hundred nine recent clinical isolates of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria were tested in triplicate by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution procedure for their susceptibility to 32 antimicrobial agents. All isolates were inhibited by imipenem, but there were significant numbers of strains resistant to other beta-lactam drugs, and therefore the in vitro response to these antimicrobial agents cannot be predicted. This was particularly true for the bile-resistant or Bacteroides fragilis group. beta-Lactamase production was detected in 82% of the bacteroides with the nitrocefin test. Clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin and ticarcillin and sulbactam combined with ampicillin resulted in synergistic activity against all beta-lactamase-positive organisms. Ceftizoxime was the most active of the cephalosporins. Two percent of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and metronidazole. Clindamycin resistance was detected in 38% of the B. fragilis group, which is a marked increase from the 4% detected 10 years ago at this institution.
The immunoglobulin family protein Hemolin mediates cellular immune responses to bacteria in the insect Manduca sexta

Bacterial recognition in the lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta, is mediated by pattern recognition proteins including Hemolin, Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) and Immulectin‐2. These proteins bind to molecular patterns present on the surface of bacteria and trigger a protective response involving humoral and cellular reactions. Cellular mechanisms mediated by haemocytes include phagocytosis, encapsulation, and the formation of melanotic nodules. Here, we show that a non‐pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli induces mRNA transcription and protein expression of Hemolin and PGRP but not Immulectin‐2 in Manduca haemocytes. This upregulation can be effectively prevented (knocked‐down) using RNA interference (RNAi) following injection of double‐stranded (ds) RNA. Knock‐down of Hemolin significantly decreased the ability of insects to clear E. coli from the haemolymph and caused a reduction in the number of free haemocytes. RNAi of Hemolin reduced the ability of haemocytes to engulf bacteria through phagocytosis and to form melanotic nodules in vivo. Importantly, washed haemocytes taken from RNAi‐treated insects showed reduced ability to form microaggregates around bacteria in vitro. This shows that the immune function affected by RNAi knock‐down of Hemolin is intrinsic to the haemocytes. In contrast, RNAi of PGRP had no effect on any of these cellular immune functions. These results demonstrate the vital role of Hemolin in Manduca cellular immune responses.
Psychological sequelae of facial trauma.

BACKGROUND Facial trauma is common in accidents and assaults and can be accompanied by distressing psychological sequelae. METHODS Retrospective analysis of case notes followed by a prospective assessment of consecutive facial trauma victims was performed to determine the prevalence and detection rate of psychological sequelae. RESULTS Only 8 of 47 case notes (17%) contained any reference to mental state. Forty-three patients completed initial assessment and 7-week questionnaires. Twelve (27%) were suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder at 7 weeks. Factors significantly associated with poorer outcome were higher initial Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale scores, assault injury fractures, and prediction of psychological sequelae by junior oral surgeons. CONCLUSION More than one-quarter of victims of facial trauma in this study developed posttraumatic stress disorder, documentation of which was poor. The study suggests that psychological sequelae can be predicted using simple measures such as a basic initial assessment by nonmedically qualified personnel.
Orthopaedic Sequelae of Meningococcal Septicemia

The records of 143 patients admitted with a diagnosis of meningococcal septicemia were reviewed to identify vascular, cutaneous, and osseous sequelae. During the acute phase of the disease there were 21 deaths and 17 patients lost tissue. Thirty-six digits were allowed to autoamputate and six surgical amputations were performed. Each of the latter developed physeal growth arrests proximal to the level of amputation. Four patients underwent fasciotomies for compartment syndrome. Two of these patients had absent distal pulses and at surgery were found to have nonviable limb segments; the authors conclude that fasciotomy is rarely indicated. Sixteen patients were identified with a total of 41 growth arrests. Twenty-three of these occurred under areas of cutaneous scarring and were diagnosed 2 to 9 years after the index admission. The authors believe that patients requiring débridement and/or skin grafting of areas of skin necrosis should be reviewed regularly during the growth period to identify physeal damage at a stage when less complex surgery may be indicated.
Follicular lesions of the thyroid. Does frozen section evaluation alter operative management?

OBJECTIVE The authors determined the usefulness of frozen section (FS) evaluation in the operative management of follicular lesions of the thyroid. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cannot reliably discriminate between benign and malignant follicular lesions of the thyroid. Accordingly, FS evaluation is used routinely to guide intraoperative management. METHODS One hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with follicular thyroid lesions who underwent surgical exploration at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were reviewed. RESULTS Frozen sections were categorized in 104 of 120 patients (87%) as "follicular lesion, defer to permanent section," rendering no useful clinical information. In only 4 of 120 patients (3.3%) did FS evaluation correctly modify the operative procedure. Notably, in six cases (5.0%), an incorrect FS evaluation misled the surgeon, resulting in four misguided operations. CONCLUSION Frozen section evaluation is of minimal diagnostic value for follicular thyroid lesions, rendering no additional information 87% of the time; it prolongs the operation, increases costs, and leads to misguided interventions. Until a more definitive diagnostic tool exists for follicular thyroid lesions, FS evaluation could be omitted, resection of the lobe with the nodule could be performed, and the definitive operative management could be based on the final permanent histology.
Postural Change in Intraocular Pressure: A Comparison of Measurement With a Goldmann Tonometer, Tonopen XL, Pneumatonometer, and HA-2

Purpose:To compare directly the results of 4 tonometers in measuring postural change in the intraocular pressure (IOP) between sitting and lying body positions. Methods:In 19 healthy subjects, the IOP was measured both eyes with a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) while sitting, then using the same GAT with the subject in the left lateral decubitus position after lying for 15 minutes, using a novel system comprising a motorized bed and a modified slit-lamp table. On the next day, the sitting IOP was measured in 1 eye using GAT, and additionally in random order Tonopen XL and pneumatonometer. Then subjects were asked to lie down, and the IOP was measured with these tonometers and also with a hand-held applanation tonometer (HA-2) after lying for 15 minutes and for 45 minutes; measurements were made with subjects in the supine position except with GAT. Results:There were 10 male and 9 female subjects, with a mean age of 33.0±12.4 years. On day 1, the sitting GAT IOP (mm Hg) was 13.7±3.0 right eye and 13.6±2.8 left eye (P=0.7) and the lying GAT IOP was 17.8±3.5 right eye and 18.1±3.2 left eye (P=0.3 for inter-eye postural IOP change). Postural change in the right and the left eyes was moderately correlated, with a coefficient of 0.453. On day 2, postural changes after lying for 15 minutes as measured with a GAT, a Tonopen, a pneumatonometer, and a HA-2 were 4.9±2.6, 1.6±1.8, 4.2±2.0, and 3.1±2.7, respectively. After lying for 45 minutes, it decreased to 3.3±2.1, 1.1±4.3, 3.1±2.5, and 2.6±3.3, respectively; this IOP decrease was statistically significant for the GAT and the pneumatonometer. The inter-subject variability was large, as in some subjects there was nearly no postural change in the IOP, whereas in some the IOP increased by 8 to 10 mm Hg. Ninety-five percent limits of agreement showed a poor agreement between GAT and the other 3 tonometers in the sitting and lying IOPs and postural IOP changes measured. Conclusions:The average postural IOP change was similar when measured with GAT and a pneumatonometer, smaller with a hand-held GAT, and much smaller with a Tonopen XL. This change decreased significantly when lying between the 15- and 45-minute time points. The inter-subject variability in postural IOP was remarkable, consistent with previous reports, suggesting the importance of this parameter in clinical glaucoma practice. Inter-device agreement was poor and similar to previous reports.
Perceived stress and risk of adult‐onset asthma and other atopic disorders: a longitudinal cohort study

Psychological stress can affect airway inflammatory response to irritants and allergens, but the importance of stress in the etiology of adult‐onset respiratory and dermatologic allergic disorders remains unclear. We aim to address the relationship between perceived stress and the risk of adult‐onset asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma/bronchitis medication.
Organ-Specific Cellular Requirements for In Vivo Dendritic Cell Generation

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) precursors seed peripheral organs, where they encounter diverse cellular environments during their final differentiation into DCs. Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) is critical for instructing DC generation throughout different organs. However, it remains unknown which cells produce Flt3-L and, importantly, which cellular source drives DC development in such a variety of organs. Using a novel BAC transgenic Flt3-L reporter mouse strain coexpressing enhanced GFP and luciferase, we show ubiquitous Flt3-L expression in organs and cell types. These results were further confirmed at the protein level. Although Flt3-L was produced by immune and nonimmune cells, the source required for development of the DC compartment clearly differed among organs. In lymphoid organs such as the spleen and bone marrow, Flt3-L production by hemopoietic cells was critical for generation of normal DC numbers. This was unexpected for the spleen because both immune and nonimmune cells equally contributed to the Flt3-L content in that organ. Thus, localized production rather than the total tissue content of Flt3-L in spleen dictated normal splenic DC development. No differences were observed in the number of DC precursors, suggesting that the immune source of Flt3-L promoted pre-cDC differentiation in spleen. In contrast, DC generation in the lung, kidney, and pancreas was mostly driven by nonhematopoietic cells producing Flt3-L, with little contribution by immune cells. These findings demonstrate a high degree of flexibility in Flt3-L–dependent DC generation to adapt this process to organ-specific cellular environments encountered by DC precursors during their final differentiation.
Predicting the dynamic criteria of basketball players: The influence of the 'Big Five', job experience, and motivation

The present study analyses the prediction of the effectiveness and its fluctuations of 34 semi-professional basketball players throughout a sport season using the dynamic criteria as theoretical framework. The predictor variables (the Big Five personality factors, job experience and motivation) were obtained by means of self-report, while effectiveness was determined through objective data (statistics of matches). The predictive models were developed using generalized maximum entropy formulation, and results show that: (1) the relevance of the predictors of effectiveness is different each time they are analysed; (2) all variables except conscientiousness predict the fluctuations, and openness to experience is the most influential predictor; and (3) job experience is less relevant than personality and motivation. Finally, some recommendations are made regarding the choice of predictors for the selection of basketball players.
Time–motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition

The physical demands of modern basketball were assessed by investigating 38 elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. Computerised time–motion analyses were performed on 18 players of various positions. Heart rate was recorded continuously for all subjects. Blood was sampled before the start of each match, at half time and at full time to determine lactate concentration. Players spent 8.8% (1%), 5.3% (0.8%) and 2.1% (0.3%) of live time in high “specific movements”, sprinting and jumping, respectively. Centres spent significantly lower live time competing in high-intensity activities than guards (14.7% (1%) v 17.1% (1.2%); p<0.01) and forwards (16.6% (0.8%); p<0.05). The mean (SD) heart rate during total time was 171 (4) beats/min, with a significant difference (p<0.01) between guards and centres. Mean (SD) plasma lactate concentration was 5.49 (1.24) mmol/l, with concentrations at half time (6.05 (1.27) mmol/l) being significantly (p<0.001) higher than those at full time (4.94 (1.46) mmol/l). The changes to the rules of basketball have slightly increased the cardiac efforts involved during competition. The game intensity may differ according to the playing position, being greatest in guards.
COMMUNITY AND DIVERSITY 1 Diversity and Community Can Co-exist

We examine the (in)compatibility of diversity and sense of community by means of agent-based models based on the well-known Schelling model of residential segregation and Axelrod model of cultural dissemination. We find that diversity and highly clustered social networks, on the assumptions of social tie formation based on spatial proximity and homophily, are incompatible when agent features are immutable, and this holds even for multiple independent features. We include both mutable and immutable features into a model that integrates Schelling and Axelrod models, and find that, even for multiple independent features, diversity and highly clustered social networks can be incompatible on the assumptions of social tie formation based on spatial proximity and homophily. However, this incompatibility breaks down when cultural diversity can be sufficiently large, at which point diversity and clustering need not be negatively correlated. This implies that segregation based on immutable characteristics such as race can possibly be overcome by sufficient similarity on mutable characteristics based on culture, which are subject to a process of social influence, provided a sufficiently large “scope of cultural possibilities” exists. COMMUNITY AND DIVERSITY 4
The Stochastic X-Ray Variability of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar MAXI J0911–655

In this work, I report on the stochastic X-ray variability of the 340 Hz accreting millisecond pulsar MAXI J0911–655. Analyzing pointed observations of the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observatories, I find that the source shows broad band-limited stochastic variability in the range with a total fractional variability of rms in the energy band that increases to rms in the 3–10 keV band. Additionally, a pair of harmonically related quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are discovered. The fundamental frequency of this harmonic pair is observed between frequencies of 62 and 146 mHz. Like the band-limited noise, the amplitudes of the QPOs show a steep increase as a function of energy; this suggests that they share a similar origin, likely the inner accretion flow. Based on their energy dependence and frequency relation with respect to the noise terms, the QPOs are identified as low-frequency oscillations and discussed in terms of the Lense–Thirring precession model.
The effects of oleanolic acid on atherosclerosis in different animal models

In the present study, three animal models, including C57BL/6J mice, low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice, and rabbit that mimicked atherosclerosis, were established to investigate the inhibitory effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on atherosclerosis. In rabbit model, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Carotid artery lesions were isolated for histological analysis. The red oil O and hematoxylin-eosin staining in liver were examined. The messenger ribonucleicacid (mRNA) levels of PPARγ, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 related to lipid metabolism were determined. Compared with model group, OA and atorvastatin significantly lowered the levels of TC and LDL-C. The result of red oil O staining showed that OA and atorvastatin had similar effect on reducing the accumulation of lipid. Histological result demonstrated that OA reduced the thickness of intima. AdipoR1 was markedly increased, while AdipoR2 was remarkably decreased in OA group compared with that in the control group of the rabbit model. In LDLR-/- mouse model, lipid parameters in blood and mRNA levels of PPARγ, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 were measured. It was found that OA exhibited similar effects as atorvastatin including reduced TG, LDL-C, and enhanced HDL-C. Notably, OA elevated the levels of AdipoR1 and PPARγ. At the same time, OA decreased TC and LDL-C in C57BL/6J mice model. Our results in three different animal models all revealed that OA retarded the development of atherosclerosis by influencing serum lipid levels, lipid accumulation in liver and intimal thickening of artery. And the underlying mechanism of OA on atherosclerosis may involve in lipid metabolism genes: PPARγ, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2.
Childhood IQ and adult mental disorders: a test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive reserve has been proposed as important in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, tests of the association between premorbid IQ and adult mental disorders other than schizophrenia have been limited and inconclusive. The authors tested the hypothesis that low childhood IQ is associated with increased risk and severity of adult mental disorders. METHOD Participants were members of a representative 1972-1973 birth cohort of 1,037 males and females in Dunedin, New Zealand, who were followed up to age 32 with 96% retention. WISC-R IQ was assessed at ages 7, 9, and 11. Research diagnoses of DSM mental disorders were made at ages 18, 21, 26, and 32. RESULTS Lower childhood IQ was associated with increased risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder, adult depression, and adult anxiety. Lower childhood IQ was also associated with greater comorbidity and with persistence of depression; the association with persistence of generalized anxiety disorder was nearly significant. Higher childhood IQ predicted increased risk of adult mania. CONCLUSIONS Lower cognitive reserve, as reflected by childhood IQ, is an antecedent of several common psychiatric disorders and also predicts persistence and comorbidity. Thus, many patients who seek mental health treatment may have lower cognitive ability; this should be considered in prevention and treatment planning.