Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conductivity Fluctuation of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ / Sr 2 YSbO 6 / SrTiO 3 Thin Films

Conductivity Fluctuation of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/Sr2YSbO6/SrTiO3 Thin Films P. A. Mayorga∗, D. A. Landı́nez Téllez,∗ Q. Madueño,∗ J.E. Alfonso†, and J. Roa-Rojas∗ ∗Grupo De Fı́sica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia and CIF, AA 14490, Bogotá DC, Colombia †Grupo de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada, Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia and CIF, AA 14490, Bogotá DC, Colombia
What does “we” want? Team Reasoning, Game Theory, and Unselfish Behaviours

this editorial presents the main contributions of the theory of team reasoning in game theory, and the issues that remain to be solved before this theory could become a credible alternative to ? orthodox? game theory. I argue in particular that an approach based on collective agency rather than rational choice theory and social preferences offer a scientifically preferable theory of unselfish behaviours, both in terms of parsimony and empirical validation. I review the economic literature on team reasoning, and highlight the contributions of the papers of the present volume to tackle the open issues of the theory of team reasoning.
Analysis of start-up challenges of African immigrant-owned businesses in selected craft markets in Cape Town

Even though the arts and craft industry is perceived to be a significant contributor to the socio-economic development of South Africa, the plight of immigrant owed businesses that dominate this sector has been largely neglected in policy and support initiatives over the past decades. This paper aims to contribute to the inclusion debate, by examining the factors that inhibit the start-up of Africa n immigrant-owned craft businesses in se lected craft markets in the Cape Town area. A quantitative approach to data collection and analysis was adopted with snowballing as the sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered to 122 African immigran t entrepreneurs. The quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sc ien es (SPSS 23). The findings indicat ed that limited access to bank loans, limited space, and high rental costs were th major start-up challenges. Other concerns included the relatively very short-stay permits issued by the Depart ment of Home Affairs to immigrant en trepreneurs, the problem of complying with taxation regulations in South Africa, and the difficulty of communicating in Afrikaans and Xhosa were not perceived as start-up challenges. Recommendations were made to African immigrant entreprene urs and selected municipal managers aimed at dealing with the start-up challenges faced by African immigrant-owned businesses.
OFF-FARM PARTICIPATION AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN THE NORTHERN REGION, GHANA

The study aimed at investigating the effects of off-farm participation on technical efficiency of maize production in the Tolon district of the Northern Region, Ghana. The Logit regression model was used to analyze the determinants of off-farm participation while the stochastic frontier production function was used to model the determinants of maize output and technical efficiency. The empirical results from the logistic regression model indicate that age of farmer, educational attainment, farming experience, farm size, and previous farm income are significant drivers of farmers’ participation in off-farm activities. Farmers’ average technical efficiency level was 90.7% suggesting a 9.3% potential loss to inefficiency. Moreover, participation in off-farm activities had a negative influence on farmers’ technical efficiency level. The study, therefore, recommends that farm-level policy should be directed towards making the agricultural sector attractive by promoting investment and agricultural employment opportunities in the rural areas so as to ensure full commitment to farming activities.
THE EFFECTS OF CONCEPT MAPS ON THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND ATTITUDES OF 11th GRADERS WHILE TEACHING URINARY SYSTEM

The aim of the present study is to support, enrich, and broaden the process of education using concept maps and to determine the effects of concept maps in biology classes on school success, attitude and retention of the knowledge taught. The present study was conducted as an experimental study with pre-test and post-test control groups. The participants of the study were impartially chosen 11 th grade high school students from an Anatolian High School and a Teacher Training Anatolian High School. 45 students, 21 in the control and 24 in the experimental group, participated in the study. In the present study, ‘urinary system’ unit was taught. Whereas the control group was taught traditionally, the experimental group was taught using concept map based teaching technique. Data was collected using concept map attitude scale and biology achievement test, a 45 item scale with a reliability coefficient of (α = .78). In order to identify the differences among the groups, biology achievement test was used as pre and post test. Data obtained to determine the achievement of both groups were analyzed using t-test analysis model of the SPSS 11.0 package program. At the end of the study, a statistically significant difference (p<.05) between emerged traditional teaching method and using concept map while teaching. The data also indicated that the cognitive support of the concept maps had a positive impact on students’ achievement and retention of knowledge. The data furthermore indicated that students have a positive attitude for concept maps. Keywords : concept map, traditional teaching method, academic achievement, urinary system.
Binding of fluorescent or native Stx 1 to PMN in blood

Human intestinal infections by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which represents the main cause of acute renal failure in early childhood. In HUS, Stx released in the gut enter the bloodstream and are targeted to renal endothelium. The mechanism of toxin delivery is still a matter of debate, although the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) as a Stx carrier has been indicated. The aim of this paper was to better define the interactions between Stx and human PMN. Direct and indirect flow cytometric analysis and binding experiments with radiolabeled toxins demonstrated that Stx bind to the surface of human mature PMN but not to immature PMN from G-CSF-treated donors. The use of the human myeloid leukemia cell (HL-60) model for inducible cell differentiation confirmed that the toxin binding occurs only after granulocytic differentiation. Stx binding caused a delay of the spontaneous apoptosis of PMN, as shown by the delayed appearance of apoptotic nuclei and activation of caspase 3 and by the higher number of cells negative to the annexin V-binding assay after 48 h. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis of mixed Stxpositive and Stx-negative PMN populations showed that the toxins were transferred from positive to negative PMN. The delayed, spontaneous apoptosis and the passage of the toxic ligand from older PMN to new, mature cells entering the circulation from the bone marrow may explain the previously reported persistence of Stx in the blood of children with HUS. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84: 1019–1027; 2008.
Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in North Incidence and Outcomes of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Patients America : An Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Objectives: The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) on outcomes after cardiac surgery. Design: Retrospective analysis of national database. Setting: United States hospitals. Participants: Patients identified from 186,771 discharge records undergoing cardiac surgery from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2009 and 2010. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in 506 (0.3%), and secondary thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in 16,809 (8.7%). Operative mortality was 11.1% in patients with HIT compared to 4.5% for patients without thrombocytopenia (p o 0.001) and 4.0% for patients with a diagnosis of secondary thrombocytopenia (p o 0.001). After adjusting for baseline patient comorbidity, the strongest independent predictors of HIT in patients undergoing cardiac surgery were female gender (OR 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]
Dose-Dependently Promotes Motor Skill Acquisition and Functional Recovery High-Impact , Self-Motivated Training Within an Enriched Environment With Single Animal Tracking-Jun

Functional recovery following central nervous system injuries is strongly influenced by rehabilitative training. In the clinical setting, the intensity of training and the level of motivation for a particular task are known to play important roles. With increasing neuroscience studies investigating the effects of training and rehabilitation, it is important to understand how the amount and type of training of individuals influences outcome. However, little is known about the influence of spontaneous “self-training” during daily life as it is often uncontrolled, not recorded, and mostly disregarded. Here, we investigated the effects of the intensity of self-training on motor skill acquisition in normal, intact rats and on the recovery of functional motor behavior following spinal cord injury in adult rats. We used a custom-designed small animal tracking system, “RatTrack,” to continuously record the activity of multiple rats, simultaneously in a complex Natural Habitat–enriched environment. Naïve, adult rats performed high-intensity, self-motivated motor training, which resulted in them out-performing rats that were conventionally housed and trained on skilled movement tasks, for example, skilled prehension (grasping) and ladder walking. Following spinal cord injury the amount of self-training was correlated with improved functional recovery. These data suggest that high-impact, self-motivated training leads to superior skill acquisition and functional recovery than conventional training paradigms. These findings have important implications for the design of animal studies investigating rehabilitation and for the planning of human rehabilitation programs.
MAPPING OF SUMMER AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN THE ALTO PARAGUAI BASIN THROUGH EVI/MODIS TIME SERIES

The main land use and land cover (LULC) changes that a given area passes over the time can be evaluated by using spatial-temporal analysis of satellites images. Then, it is possible to identify the LULC changes, as well as the main causes of environmental impacts. The objective of this paper was to analyze the LULC changes of the main agricultural lands cultivated in the Alto Paraguai Basin (BAP). This paper focused on the summer crops (soybean and corn) and the analysis of agricultural expansion. The results, considering a16-year comparison, showed an increase of 40.60% in the expansion of agricultural areas. The evaluation of the accuracy showed the efficiency of the methodology of agricultural mapping, presenting a Kappa Index of 0.85 for the 2000/2001 and 0.86 for the 2015/2016 crop seasons
Running title : Serratia marcescens outbreak in neonates

Aim Serratia marcescens is a rare, but important, pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, especially in neonatal units. Outbreaks may cause significant mortality among neonates. This paper describes how an outbreak of Serratia marcescens was handled in a neonatal intensive care unit in Finland in June 2015. Methods Tampere University Hospital is the only hospital that offers intensive care for preterm neonates in the Pirkanmaa health district area in Finland. Between 9 June to 29 June 2015 seven neonates were screened positive for Serratia marcescens in the hospital. We examined the management and outcomes, including environmental sampling. Results Two of the seven neonates developed a blood stream infection and one with Serratia marcescens sepsis died after six days of antibiotic treatment. The outbreak was rapidly managed with active hospital hygiene interventions, including strict hand hygiene, cleaning, patient screening, contact precautions and education. Environmental sampling was limited to one water tap and a ventilator and the results were negative. The outbreak was contained within three weeks and no further cases appeared. The screening of healthcare workers was not necessary. Conclusion A Serratia marcescens outbreak caused significant morbidity in neonates and one death. Rapid hospital hygiene interventions and patient screening effectively contained the outbreak.  We had a Serratia marcescens outbreak in our neonatal intensive care unit in Finland in June 2015, and seven neonates screened positive. A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.  Two of the seven neonates developed a blood stream infection and one with Serratia marcescens sepsis died after six days of antibiotic treatment.  The outbreak was rapidly managed with hospital hygiene measures, including strict hand hygiene and cleaning, patient screening, contact precautions and education.
The role of history vs. demography in shaping genetic population structure across an ecotone: chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) as a case study

Recent advances in molecular ecology allow better assessment of the role of ecological and evolutionary processes in determining the dynamics of genetic diversity in natural populations. The chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) is abundant and continuously distributed in the mesic Mediterranean regions of Israel, becoming scarce and patchily distributed in the arid Negev Desert. This demographic transition occurs across a main environmental transition, the Northern Negev ecotone. Populations of chukars along this gradient have been shown to differ from other populations in morphology, bilateral asymmetry, and in allozyme variation. The aim of this study is to infer whether historical (i.e. secondary contact of formerly vicariant populations) or recurrent demographic events (i.e. restriction to gene flow across the ecotone) have shaped the observed patterns of genetic diversity in chukar populations in Israel. We analysed mtDNA control‐region sequences in 216 chukars collected from 28 localities (five distinct geographical regions). Results show that (1) average haplotype diversity is high (h = 0.93) while haplotype divergence is low (π= 0.8%), suggesting that extant populations diversified recently; (2) mtDNA gene diversity does not significantly differ across the distribution range; and (3) haplotype distribution differs among the sampling locations (amova; P < 0.00031). Mantel test and autocorrelation analyses indicate that isolation‐by‐distance may explain the geographical partitioning of genetic diversity. These patterns have likely been produced by complex dynamics between past fragmentation of northern vs. intermediate and southern populations. Late Pleistocene climatic changes, fostering cycles of range contraction and expansion, may have led to genetic differentiation in allopatry, followed by restricted gene flow across secondary contact zones.
Becoming a Science Activist: A Case Study of Students' Engagement in a Socioscientific Project

Abstract Complications arising from socioscientific issues (SSI) call for immediate and responsible action and warrant students' activism on science-related issues. These issues therefore provide a solid learning context for the advancement of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in science education. This study investigates the development of students' identities as activists as they participate in a high-school project aimed at resolving the problem of global hunger. Drawing from practice-linked identity theory, we present the narratives of two students to examine how they came to embrace the identity of activist. Findings indicate that the students' identities as activists were supported through participation in highly contextual and emotionally charged experiences and through the ability to fill roles that were perceived as integral and authentic to the students. We discuss the potential of a well-structured activity to assist students in deeply engaging with responsible actions. resumo As complicacoes que advem das questoes sociocientificas requerem acoes imediatas e responsaveis e uma garantia de ativismo estudantil em questoes relacionadas com a ciencia. Estas questoes fornecem, assim, um contexto de aprendizagem solido para o avanco de uma Investigacao e Inovacao Responsaveis (IIR) em educacao em ciencias. Este estudo investiga o desenvolvimento da identidade dos estudantes como ativistas ao participarem num projeto da escola secundaria destinado a resolver o problema da fome global. Com base numa teoria da identidade, ligada a pratica, apresentamos as narrativas de dois estudantes, para analisar a forma como eles adotaram a identidade do ativista. Os resultados indicam que a identidade dos estudantes como ativistas fundamenta-se na participacao em experiencias altamente contextuais e carregadas de emocao e na capacidade para desempenhar papeis que foram percebidos como autenticos e integros pelos estudantes. Discutimos o potencial de uma atividade bem estruturada para ajudar os alunos a envolverem-se profundamente em acoes responsaveis.
Effect of Trichoderma Spp. and its culture filtrate antagonists on growth and management of Rhizopus rot of tomato fruit in vitro and in vivo

The present study on various antagonists and its culture filtrate was carried out to know their efficacy in managing the Rhizopus rot of tomato in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, all the six antagonists significantly helped in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. oryzae over control. Lowest mycelium growth (22.75 mm) with highest mycelial growth inhibition was recorded in T. asperellum (74.72 %), while T. virens gave minimum mycelial growth inhibition (62.50 %) after 7 days of incubation. In case of in vivo study, T. asperellum found significantly superior both in pre(0.45 %) and post-inoculation (0.45 %) treatments over control (99.27 %) after 5 day of inoculation. The culture filtrate of all the antagonists found effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. oryzae over control. Complete mycelial growth inhibition was recorded in T. asperellum and T. viride on 5 day after incubation in in vitro. While in vivo study, the culture filtrate of T. asperellum and T. viride found most effective both in pre(0.45 & 0.45 %) and post-inoculation (0.45 & 0.45 %) treatments in managing Rhizopus rot severity on 5 day after inoculation.
Evaluation of costs of harvester in cut and... EVALUATION OF COSTS OF HARVESTER IN CUT AND PROCESSING OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD

1 Received on 11.08. 2014 accepted for publication on 27.04. 2017. 2 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: <larissa.nunes@ufv.br> and <remofigueiredo@gmail.com>. 3 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: <haroldo@ufv.br>. 4 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: <marlosil@ufv.br> and <amaurysouza@ufv.br>. *Corresponding author.
Costs and Benefits of Creditor Concentration: An Empirical Approach

High concentration of creditors can have two beneficial effects on borrowers: i) by enhancing lendersi? ½ ability to monitor, it can reduce the likelihood of financial distress; ii) by reducing coordination failure among creditors, it can help a distressed firm to avoid bankruptcy. However, a strong probability of debt renegotiation can exert a feedback effect on the likelihood of financial distress, by generating perverse ex-ante incentives for borrowers (soft budget constraint). Moreover, high concentration of creditors can expose borrowers to greater liquidity risks. Using Italian data on manufacturing firms, we try to separate empirically these conflicting effects. Our results show that, if we control for the soft-budget-constraint and liquidity effects, high concentration of bank credit reduces the likelihood of financial distress and liquidation, as predicted by the literature on relationship banking. But these benefits do not come without costs: i) enhanced monitoring is offset by the soft-budget-constraint effect and ii) higher concentration of credit lines increases liquidity risks and thus makes both financial distress and liquidation more likely. Ultimately, the overall effect of more concentrated banking relations is a lower probability of liquidation but a higher probability of financial distress. This helps to explain the widespread existence of multiple but asymmetric banking relations in Italy.
MOLECULAR, CYTOGENETIC, ANATOMICAL, AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH POLYPLOIDS OF PRAIRIE CORDGRASS BY SU MIN KIM DISSERTATION

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences are appropriate for studying intraspecific phylogeography. Comparing cpDNA phylogeny with different cytotypes provides insights into the origin and establishment of polyploid species. We have previously defined the geographic distribution of cytotypes in prairie cordgrass throughout the different regions of the United States. In this study chloroplast haplotype variation is explored in 54 populations of prairie cordgrass, using 9, non-coding chloroplast regions. These chloroplast analyses were combined with the cytotype surveys of prairie cordgrass to infer the phylogeography and to elucidate the origin of the different cytotypes. In this study, three haplotypes, Prairie Cordgrass Group 1 (PCG1), Prairie Cordgrass Group 2 (PCG2), and Prairie Cordgrass Group 3 (PCG3), were identified. In general, related haplotypes were strongly associated with geographic distribution. Useful insertions-deletions (indels) were also found among prairie cordgrass populations. The PCG1 haplotypes collected in the East North Central to the New England regions of the US, were polyploid (tetraploid, hexaploid, and octoploids), while the PCG2 haplotypes, found in southern South Dakota, Iowa, and Missouri, were primarily octoploids, but also included a small number of tetraploids. The PCG3 haplotypes were octoploids and were collected in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. 1 Reprinted, with permission, from Sumin Kim, A.L. Rayburn, T.B. Voigt, M.L. Ainouche, A.K. Ainouche, D.K. Lee (2013) Chloroplast DNA intraspecific phylogeography of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 31:1376-1383.
Minimum Volume, Meticulous Method

To the Editor: W e write with reference to an article by Fredrickson et al, which claims an advantage for continuous peripheral nerve catheter management of pain relief versus single-shot blocks after a range of more Bminor[ shoulder surgeries. We, too, have had a large experience in this area and wish to query certain aspects of their study. We are puzzled that no pain scores have been included for the period within the first 24 hours after surgery. Presumably, both groups had no pain initially. It would be interesting to know when the single-shot blocks wore off and what strategies were used to counter its effect? There seems to have been more difficulty siting the single-shot blocks, and how this may or may not have affected the duration of the block is uncertain. From the data presented, it is difficult to judge the extent of the separation between the 2 groups. There was some mixing of surgical groups, which has the potential to confound results. For example, our experience has been that lateral clavicular surgeries do not warrant continuous catheter management. Elastomeric pumps require a large volume (400 mL) to fill. Given that there is no advantage to running a catheter longer than a day and a half according to their data, a large volume of local anesthetic (È200 mL) is likely to be wasted with this approach. The authors have rightly commented on other costsVsurely, this is another one to consider. We do agree, however, with the authors’ comment that the first 36 hours after surgery seems to be the time of greatest advantage for running peripheral nerve catheters in these situations.