Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topical application of tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding.

BACKGROUND Intravenous tranexamic acid reduces bleeding in surgery, however, its effect on the risk of thromboembolic events is uncertain and an increased risk remains a theoretical concern. Because there is less systemic absorption following topical administration, the direct application of tranexamic acid to the bleeding surface has the potential to reduce bleeding with minimal systemic effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of the topical administration of tranexamic acid in the control of bleeding. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group Specialised Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library; Ovid MEDLINE®, Ovid MEDLINE® In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE® Daily and Ovid OLDMEDLINE®; Embase Classic + Embase (OvidSP); PubMed and ISI Web of Science (including Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Citation Index (SCI-EXPANDED & CPCI-S)). We also searched online trials registers to identify ongoing or unpublished trials. The search was run on the 31st May 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing topical tranexamic acid with no topical tranexamic acid or placebo in bleeding patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors examined the titles and abstracts of citations from the electronic databases for eligibility. Two authors extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias for each trial. Outcome measures of interest were blood loss, mortality, thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and receipt of a blood transfusion. MAIN RESULTS We included 29 trials involving 2612 participants. Twenty-eight trials involved patients undergoing surgery and one trial involved patients with epistaxis (nosebleed). Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduced blood loss by 29% (pooled ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.72; P < 0.0001). There was uncertainty regarding the effect on death (risk ratio (RR) 0.28, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.34; P = 0.11), myocardial infarction (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.08; P = 0.33), stroke (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.96; P = 0.49), deep vein thrombosis (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.57; P = 0.38) and pulmonary embolism (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.09 to 3.15; P = 0.48). TXA reduced the risk of receiving a blood transfusion by a relative 45% (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.46; P < 0.0001). There was substantial statistical heterogeneity between trials for the blood loss and blood transfusion outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is reliable evidence that topical application of tranexamic acid reduces bleeding and blood transfusion in surgical patients, however the effect on the risk of thromboembolic events is uncertain. The effects of topical tranexamic acid in patients with bleeding from non-surgical causes has yet to be reliably assessed. Further high-quality trials are warranted to resolve these uncertainties before topical tranexamic acid can be recommended for routine use.
Purine metabolism controls innate lymphoid cell function and protects against intestinal injury

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder with increasing prevalence but limited effective therapies. The purine metabolic pathway is involved in various inflammatory processes including IBD. However, the mechanisms through which purine metabolism modulates IBD remain to be established. Here, we found that mucosal expression of genes involved in the purine metabolic pathway is altered in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with elevated gene expression signatures of the group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)–interleukin (IL)‐22 pathway. In mice, blockade of ectonucleotidases (NTPDases), critical enzymes for purine metabolism by hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (eATP) into adenosine, exacerbates dextran‐sulfate sodium‐induced intestinal injury. This exacerbation of colitis is associated with reduction of colonic IL‐22‐producing ILC3s, which afford essential protection against intestinal inflammation, and is rescued by exogenous IL‐22. Mechanistically, activation of ILC3s for IL‐22 production is reciprocally mediated by eATP and adenosine. These findings reveal that the NTPDase‐mediated balance between eATP and adenosine regulates ILC3 cell function to provide protection against intestinal injury and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for treating IBD by targeting the purine–ILC3 axis.
AFFECTIVE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION RESPONSES DURING GRADED EXERCISE TEST IN FASTED AND NON-FASTED STATE: CYCLING VERSUS TREADMILL

This study assessed: 1) the effect of fasted and non-fasted states on the relationships between RPE and VO2, HR VE during treadmill and cycling GXT; 2) the effect of fasted and non-fasted states on the affective state during the cycling and treadmill GXTs. Ten Muslim male physical education students (22.3 ± 1.5 y) volunteered for the study. Each student performed two GXTs while fasting during Ramadan (one on the treadmill and one on the bike) and the same two GXTs while not fasting after Ramadan. The relationships between the RPE and VE, the RPE andVO2 and the RPE and HR were significantly higher (P 0.05). RPE responses during the GXTs on treadmill and bike were affected during Ramadan fasting compared to a non-fasting state after Ramadan. This has very important implications especially when considering that there are numerous studies that have used sub-maximal RPE and VO2 to predict V O2max. This may be due to the lower glucose level during Ramadan fasting as indicated by the lower respiratory exchange ratio in the fasted compared to the non-fasted state. However, the GXTs on treadmill and bike during Ramadan fasting were felt to be as pleasant as when not fasting after Ramadan.
Estudo retrospectivo da osteotomia de base do primeiro metatarso com tratamento do hálux valgo

The authors evaluated 33 patients (48 feet) with moderate to severe hallux valgus, surgically treated by using a 1st metatarsal wedged base osteotomy technique associated to soft tissues repair. Comparisons correlating gender, age, and x-ray parameters were performed by using the t-test for independent samples; sesamoid deviation was compared by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. All patients answered to a questionnaire in which they expressed their degree of satisfaction regarding the final results of the surgery. Seventy six per cent of patients were women between 14 and 60 years old (average 38.15 years old) with an average follow-up time of 41 months. There was no difference in x-ray variation concerning gender. There were no pre or postoperative differences when mean scores for right and left feet were compared. X-ray evaluation presented 73% of excellent results and the degree of total satisfaction with the method was 60.7%. There is no evidence proving that age may influence the patients' degree of satisfaction; nevertheless, all patients above 60 years old reported to be partially satisfied. We concluded that this surgical procedure is an efficient and safe method for the treatment of moderate and severe hallux valgus.
Prevalencia del dolor lumbar durante la infancia y la adolescencia: Una revisión sistemática

Fundamentos: El dolor lumbar en ninos y adolescentes es un problema de salud frecuente y su presencia aumenta el riesgo de sufrir dolor lumbar en la edad adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la prevalencia del dolor lumbar en ninos y adolescentes y evaluar la calidad metodologica de los estudios. Metodos: Se efectuo una revision sistematica de estudios epidemiologicos observacionales. Se realizaron busquedas en las bases ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline, PEDro, IME, LILACS y CINAHL, rastreo manual y consulta con expertos. La seleccion de los estudios incluyo resultados con tasas de prevalencia de la muestra. Debian estar publicados o realizados entre los anos 1980 y 2011, que el tamano de la muestra fuera al menos de 50 sujetos, con 18 anos de edad o menos, de ambos sexos y de cualquier etnia. Las variables moderadoras de los estudios fueron codificadas por dos de los autores. Se realizaron analisis descriptivos de distribucion de frecuencias, porcentajes, recuento de casos y calculos de medianas para las tasas de prevalencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 59 articulos. La edad media de los sujetos estudiados fue de 13,56 anos, y el 51,15% eran varones. Las medianas de las prevalencias de lumbalgia puntual, de periodo y de vida fueron respectivamente de 13,60%, 24,75% y 38,50%. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la lumbalgia aumenta con la edad. El sexo influye en las tasas de prevalencia. La falta de definicion y delimitacion del dolor lumbar y de especificaciones como frecuencia, duracion, e intensidad del dolor, son las deficiencias metodologicas mas comunmente encontradas.
Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides a broad account of tinnitus and hyperacusis, detailing the latest research and developments in clinical management, incorporating insights from audiology, otology, psychology, psychiatry and auditory neuroscience. It promotes a collaborative approach to treatment that will benefit patients and clinicians alike.
The Roles of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills in Moderating the Effects of Mixed-Ability Schools on Long-Term Health

We examine heterogeneity in the impacts of exposure to mixed-ability ‘comprehensive’ schools in adolescence on long-term health and smoking behaviour. We explore the roles that cognitive and non-cognitive skills may play in moderating these impacts. We use data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) cohort, whose secondary schooling years lay within the transition years of a major reform that transformed secondary education in England and Wales from a selective system of schooling to mixed-ability comprehensive schools. We adopt a local instrumental variables approach to estimate person-centred treatment (PeT) effects of comprehensive over selective schooling system. Our results indicate that the newer comprehensive schooling system produced significant negative effects on long-term health and increased smoking behavior among a small fraction of individuals, for whom the effects were persistent over time. The ATE and TT were quantitatively similar and statistically insignificant indicating that cognitive abilities, the major driver for selection in to comprehensive schools, did not moderate the effects. The PeT effects indicate that individuals with lower non-cognitive skills were most likely to be negatively affected by exposure to mixed-ability schools. Our results also show that cigarette smoking could be a leading transmission channel of the long-term impact on health outcomes.
Who's Minding Our Preschoolers?.

A hinge is provided for mounting a frameless glass door or the like on a fixture. The hinge includes a part-cylindrical body portion adapted to be inserted in an opening in the door, the cross-section of the opening being defined by a chord which provides a planar portion on the cylindrical surface of the body portion. This planar portion, when the hinge is assembled, is aligned with a longitudinal edge of the door. A pin of the hinge extends parallel to the body portion and is spaced therefrom, the pin being adapted for insertion in a bore provided in the door. A connecting member hingedly connected to the body portion is adapted for mounting the hinge on the fixture.
Hepatitis B Surface AntigenemiaAmong Transfused Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Enugu Nigeria.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem in the world with high endemicity in Nigeria. It is contracted through contact with the body fluid of an infected person. Patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA), a common haematological disorder inNigeria,may have complications that require blood transfusion, thus exposing them to the risk. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among transfused childrenwith SCAin Enugu. Subjects and Method: One hundred and thirty transfused children aged 6months to 17years with SCA were recruited consecutively fromOctober 2004 toApril 2005 while 91 non transfused childrenwith SCAaged 7months to 17yearswere recruited over the same period served as controls. Both groups were screened for HBsAg using ELISA method. Results: There was no statistically difference in the HBsAg positivity among transfused (8.5%)when compared to non transfused (7.7%) (p=0.837). The difference between those who received their blood frompaid donors (8.7%) and those fromvoluntary (8.2%) was also not statistically significant (p=0.753). Conclusion: The high prevalence of HBsAg among children with SCA in Enugu may not be related to blood transfusion. Niger Med J. Vol. 49, No. 4, Oct – Dec, 2008: 88 – 90. Keywords: HepatitisBvirus, Sickle cell anaemia,Blood transfusion
Frequency of Congenital Anomalies in Newborns and Its Relation to Maternal Health in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of perinatal and neonatal deaths, both in low- and high-income countries. They are relatively common worldwide, affecting 3% to 5% of live births. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2014 at the Khyber teaching hospital in Peshawar. Specific patient information was obtained from patient records at the beginning of the study. Those individuals found to have at least one birth defect were approached and their attendants (mothers) were interviewed. Information regarding various risk factors was collected. Descriptive analyses were carried out. Results: Out of 1062 deliveries, 2.9% (31) of newborns had various congenital anomalies. Hydrocephalus (22.6%), anencephaly (12.9%), and spina bifida (9.7%) were major anomalies. The maternal age ranged from 18 years to 46 years (mean: 30 ± 8). Most of the anomalies (35.5%) were present in the 26-30 years age group. Out of 31 babies, 6.4% had multiple anomalies. The preponderance of various congenital anomalies was seen in parity 1 (35.4%); parities 2 to 4 had lower incidences (35.4%). The consanguinity rate was 67.7%; only 32.3% of patients were using folic acid. History of passive smoking was positive in 16.1% of cases. Conclusion: Anencephaly and hydrocephalus were the most prominent anomaly detected; early prenatal diagnosis may be helpful in decreasing mortality by offering early termination. Low intake of folic acid and a high consanguinity rate were the most common associated risk factors for congenital anomalies. These risk factors may be reduced by creating awareness regarding the avoidance of consanguineous marriage and promoting the use of folic acid during pregnancy.
Is oxidative stress an etiologic factor in idiopathic male infertility?

The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total peroxide (TP) levels in the blood and seminal plasma of idiopathic infertile patients were compared with those of fertile controls to determine the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of idiopathic male infertility. Material and methods: Thirty-two idiopathic infertile males and 30 healthy, married, age-matched control subjects were included in the study. TAC and TP levels were measured in the blood and seminal plasma, and sperm parameters were studied in both groups. Results: Sperm parameters were significantly impaired in the study group compared with the controls. Blood plasma TAC and TP levels in the patient group were 1.46 ± 0.62 mmol Trolox equiv. /L and 8.38 ± 0.87 mmol H2O2/L, respectively, compared with 1.72 ± 1.70 mmol Trolox equiv. /L and 8.59 ± 1.08 mmol H2O2/L in the control group. Seminal plasma TAC and TP levels in the patient and control groups were 13.48 ± 2.03 mmol Trolox equiv. /L, 7.79 ± 0.38 mmol H2O2/L, 14.06 ± 2.30 mmol Trolox equiv. /L, and 7.84 ± 0.51 mmol H2O2/L, respectively. TAC and TP levels in the blood and seminal plasma did not differ significantly between the patient group and the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that oxidative stress is not the cause of impaired sperm parameters in idiopathic infertile men.
Investigating the effects of Benson's relaxation technique on quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis

A B S T R A C T Aims: End-stage renal disease is a major health challenge worldwide. Patients with this disease need to receive frequent hemodialysis. The disease and hemodialysis both negatively affect patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Benson’s relaxation technique on quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: A convenience sample of 60 patients receiving hemodialysis in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, was recruited to this clinical trial. Initially, patients’ quality of life was evaluated by a disease-specific questionnaire. Then, patients were randomly allocated to either the control or the treatment groups. Patients in the treatment group were trained to perform Benson’s relaxation technique at their home on a daily basis for 60 consecutive days. Patients in the control group received no relaxation intervention. Immediately after the study, the same questionnaire was used for reevaluating patients’ quality of life. The independent-samples t-test was used for data analysis. Results: After the study, the mean scores of general and total quality of life were significantly higher than the corresponding pretest readings (p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). However, the mean score of specific quality of life did not change significantly after the study (p=0.2). Conclusions: Benson’s relaxation technique has positive effects on quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis and therefore, it can be used for enhancing patients’ quality of life in hemodialysis units. Please cite this paper as: Feyzi H, Khaledi Paveh B, Hadadian F, Rezaie M, Ahmadi M . Investigating the effects of Benson’s relaxation technique on quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2015;8(1):13-20.
Effects of exercise, renal disease, and digoxin on skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase and related effects on plasma K+ and muscle performance

In skeletal muscle, the Na+,K+-ATPase enzyme regulates trans-membrane Na+ and K+ fluxes during contractions, and therefore also affects muscle excitability and plays an important role in delaying muscle fatigue. Consequently, any modulation of Na+,K+-ATPase content or activity has the potential to affect muscle fatiguability. Thus, this thesis investigated three factors thought to impair or down-regulate the skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase – acute exercise, renal disease and digoxin. The related effects on plasma [K+] during exercise and on muscle performance were also examined. This thesis firstly investigated the acute effects of brief intense exercise on muscle Na+,K+-ATPase content and maximal activity (Study 1). Study 2 investigated the effects of end-stage renal disease on plasma [K+] regulation during exercise; examined the relationship between impaired [K+] regulation and muscle performance, and investigated the effects of endurance training in these patients. Study 3 investigated the impacts of end-stage renal disease and renal transplantation on skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase and its relationship with muscle performance. Finally, Study 4 investigated the effects of chronic digoxin administration on skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase content and maximal activity and on muscle performance in healthy humans.
PERCEIVED LIFE SATISFACTION OF EXPATRIATE STUDENTS ATTENDING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS

The primary goal of the present study was to investigate overall and domainbased life satisfaction of expatriate students attending international schools compared to students who attend international schools in their home country. The present study included 114 students from eleven international schools located across nine European countries. Participants completed measures concerning demographic information and the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS). Statistical analyses revealed levels of life satisfaction to be in the positive range for all students. Results indicated that domain-based and overall life satisfaction, as measured by the MSLSS, was similar for males and females. No significant differences were found between expatriate students and local students in overall life satisfaction. Family was the only MSLSS domain in which expatriate youth reported to be less satisfied compared to their local peers. The relationship between expatriate youth‟s international relocation experiences and current life satisfaction was also explored. Expatriate students‟ number of relocations was negatively related to both age of first relocation and years in the host country, and positively related to years away from their home country. Findings revealed that years away from home country was negatively related to age of first relocation. Overall life satisfaction, however, as measured by the MSLSS, was not significantly related to any of the predictor variables. Future directions for research are discussed in light of the study‟s limitations and implications.
Pluribus Unum : Fifty years of research , millions of viruses , and one goal-tailored acceleration of AAV evolution

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Exploring teaching strategies of Turkish primary teachers in music education

Contemporary literature suggests that there is a growing body of research in music education, however, research on the teaching processes and effective teaching strategies of primary teachers in teaching music is highly limited and highlights the need for qualitative research in the pedagogy of music. Thus, with reference to music as one of the foundation subjects of the Turkish primary curriculum, this study aims to investigate primary teachers' teaching strategies in Turkish primary classrooms. In the study the 'qualitative' research approach was adopted in order to fulfil the aims and objectives of the study. The study was carried out in two state primary schools in Turkey. A total of six primary school teachers with different educational backgrounds participated in the study. As one of the research instruments, a semi-structured interview schedule was prepared and participant teachers were interviewed regarding their perceptions about music education and experiences in the classrooms. As a second means of data collection, classroom observation was used as an instrument. Each teacher was observed during their music lessons for a period of two hours (two lessons). The analysis of the qualitative data suggests that there are ranges of factors influencing teachers' music teaching activities in negative ways in classrooms. Negative factors influencing the classroom were found to come from the students, curriculum, lack of teacher competencies, inadequate facilities and resources for music education, limited support from parents, and the negative effects of audiovisual media. Data obtained from classroom observations reveal that although teachers employ a range of teaching strategies in music lessons, there is limited variety in the type of strategies used. In all the music classes similar practices could be seen. The findings suggest that in the field of music education teachers need more support in improving their pedagogical skills in teaching music as well as their technical skills in the subject. It is suggested that due to the lack of confidence and competence of primary teachers, music specialist teachers should be assigned to the task of delivering music curriculum. In addition, it is recommended that education faculties should take a more active role in training teachers, and more in-service training activities should be provided for teacher development in music education.