Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Return to Sport After Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Its Effect on Subsequent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure and contralateral ACL tears are more frequent in children and adolescents than adults. The reasons for higher subsequent injury rates in this population are incompletely understood. Methods: We analyzed a continuous cohort of patients who were <18 years of age. Subjects underwent isolated, primary ACL reconstruction with autograft between 2006 and January 1, 2014, and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Return-to-sport characteristics were described, and multivariable Cox regression modeling was used to identify predictors of a second ACL injury. Candidate variables included patient factors (age, sex, physeal status, tibial slope, notch width index), surgical characteristics (graft type, surgical technique), measures of recovery (time to return to sport, duration of physical therapy), and patients’ preoperative and postoperative sports involvement (primary and secondary sports, number of sports). Results: A total of 112 subjects met inclusion criteria; of these patients, 85 (76%) had complete follow-up data and were analyzed. The mean age (and standard deviation) was 13.9 ± 2.1 years (range, 6 to 17 years); 77% had open physes. The mean follow-up was 48.3 ± 15.3 months. Seventy-seven patients (91%) returned to sports, and 84% returned to the same sport. The mean Marx activity score at the time of the latest follow-up was 13.7 ± 3.5 points. Patients were involved in fewer sports after ACL reconstruction, 1.48 ± 0.92 compared with 1.83 ± 1.01 sports before reconstruction (p = 0.002). Sixteen patients (19%) sustained an ACL graft rupture, 11 patients (13%) sustained a contralateral ACL tear, and 1 of these patients (1%) sustained both. The overall prevalence of a second ACL injury was 32%. Time to return to sport was the only significant predictor of a second ACL injury, with a slower return being protective (hazard ratio per month, 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.99]; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Pediatric athletes return to sports at a high rate (91%) after ACL reconstruction. Unfortunately, the prevalence of a second ACL injury is high at 32%. Within this population, an earlier return to sport is predictive of a second ACL injury. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Self-expanding foam for prehospital treatment of intra-abdominal hemorrhage: 28-day survival and safety

BACKGROUND Intracavitary noncompressible hemorrhage remains a significant cause of preventable death on the battlefield and in the homeland. We previously demonstrated the hemostatic efficacy of an in situ self-expanding poly(urea)urethane foam in a severe, closed-cavity, hepatoportal exsanguination model in swine. We hypothesized that treatment with, and subsequent explantation of, foam would not adversely impact 28-day survival in swine. METHODS Following a closed-cavity splenic transection, animals received either fluid resuscitation alone (control group, n = 6) or resuscitation plus foam treatment at doses of 100 mL (n = 6), 120 mL (n = 6), and 150 mL (n = 2). Foam was allowed to polymerize in situ and was explanted after 3 hours. The animals were recovered and monitored for 28 days. RESULTS All 18 animals in the 100-mL, 120-mL, and control groups survived to the 28-day endpoint without complications. The 150-mL group was terminated after the acute phase (n = 2). En bloc explantation of the foam took less than 2 minutes and was associated with millimeter-sized remnant particles. All foam animals required some level of enteric repair (imbrication or resection). Excluding the aborted 150-mL group, all animals survived, with no differences in renal or hepatic function, serum chemistries, or semiquantitative abdominal adhesion scores. Histologic analysis demonstrated that remnant particles were associated with a fibrotic capsule and mild inflammation, similar to that of standard suture reaction. In addition, safety testing (including genotoxicity, pyrogenicity, and cytotoxicity) was performed consistent with the ISO-10993 standard, and the materials passed all tests. CONCLUSION For a distinct dose range, 28-day recovery after foam treatment and explantation for noncompressible, intra-abdominal hemorrhage is not associated with significant physiologic or biochemical evidence of end-organ dysfunction. A foam volume exceeding the maximum tolerable dose was identified. Bowel repair is required to ensure survival.
Differential expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue monocytes/macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Since it is likely that monocytes utilize chemokines to migrate to the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint, we investigated the expression of C-C chemokine receptors (CCR) 1-6 and C-X-C receptor 3 (CXCR3) in the peripheral blood (PB), synovial fluid (SF), and synovial tissue of patients with RA as well as in the PB of normal subjects. METHODS We compared chemokine receptor expression on CD14+ monocytes from normal PB, RA PB, and RA SF using 2-color flow cytometry. Correlations with patient clinical data were determined. Chemokine and receptor expression were investigated in RA synovial tissue by immunohistochemistry and 2-color immunofluorescence to identify CD68+ macrophages. RESULTS Most normal PB monocytes expressed CCR1 (87%) and CCR2 (84%), but not CCRs 3, 4, 5, or 6 or CXCR3. RA PB monocytes expressed CCR1 (56%) and CCR2 (76%), with significantly more expressing CCR3 (18%), CCR4 (38%), and CCR5 (17%) compared with normal PB monocytes. Significantly fewer SF monocytes from RA patients expressed CCR1 (17%), CCR2 (24%), and CCR4 (6%) while significantly more expressed CCR3 (35%) and CCR5 (47%) compared with RA and normal PB monocytes; CCR6 and CXCR3 were rarely detected. Clinically, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was inversely correlated with the expression of CCR1 and CCR4 by RA PB, and CCR5 expression by RA SF was correlated with the SF white blood cell count. CCR1-, CCR2-, and CCR5-immunoreactive cells were found in RA synovial tissue and colocalized with CD68+ macrophages. RA synovial tissue RANTES (regulated upon activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted chemokine)- and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-immunoreactive cells colocalized with CCR1 and CCR2, respectively, on serial sections. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha) was principally restricted to vascular endothelium, and MIP-1beta+ macrophages were found throughout the sections. CONCLUSION Monocytes mainly express CCR1 and CCR2 in normal and RA PB, CCR3 and CCR5 in RA PB and RA SF, and CCR4 in RA PB. The differential expression of chemokine receptors suggests that certain receptors aid in monocyte recruitment from the circulation while others are important in monocyte retention in the joint.
Influence of ambient oxygen on the swimming performance of goldfish and rainbow trout.

The influence of ambient oxygen concentrations on sustained swimming effort (less than four body lengths (L.)/second, fish approximately 20 cm long) was tested in goldfish acclimated to two levels of ambient oxygen, 95 and 15% air saturation, and in rainbow trout acclimated to 95% air saturation only. The acclimations and tests were done at 20 °C in the case of goldfish and 15 °C in the case of rainbow trout. Experiments were done in Blažka's activity apparatus.The swimming effort of goldfish acclimated to air saturation declined from 3 L. /sec at about 2 p.p.m. of ambient oxygen to 1 L. /sec at about 1 p.p.m.The swimming effort of rainbow trout acclimated to air saturation declined sharply from 4 L. /sec at about 2.5 p.p.m. to 1 L. /sec at 2 p.p.m. of oxygen.Goldfish acclimated to 15% air saturation were tested in two separate groups, namely those left overnight in the activity chamber and those tested within 7 hours after they were handled; results from both these groups did not show any marked difference f.
CHANGES IN BRAINWAVE ACTIVITY DURING TRANCE CHANNELING: A PILOT STUDY

The capacity to experience trance as an altered state of consciousness is said to be part of our psychobiological heritage as human beings (Bourguignon, 1973). This is evidenced by the findingthat institutionalized forms of altered states of consciousness occur in ninety percent of human societies (Bourguignon, 1973). In addition, trance states are experienced in many types of societies which vary in socioeconomic and socio-political levels of complexity and organization (Winkleman, 1989).
Concurrent outbreak of tuberculosis and caseous lymphadenitis in a goat herd

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis , and caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , are typically chronic infectious pyogranulomatous diseases. Other similarities between the two diseases include gross postmortem findings, such as abscessation ([
Spatial and temporal variation in larval density of coregonids and their consequences for population size estimation in Finnish lake

Urpanen, Olli Spatial and temporal variation in larval density of coregonids and their consequences for population size estimation in Finnish lakes Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2011, 49 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 222) ISBN 978-951-39-4332-5 (nid.), 978-951-39-4341-7 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Muikun ja siian poikastiheyksien spatiaalinen ja ajallinen vaihtelu ja sen vaikutukset poikasmaaraarviointiin Diss. Early life stages are important in both population ecology and management of fishes. Vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) and whitefish (C. lavaretus L.) have a prominent role in Finnish lake ecosystems and ecosystem services due to their economical and ecological status; thus a proper sampling method is needed for abundance estimation of coregonids in different life stages. In this thesis, horizontal, vertical and temporal patterns of coregonid larval distributions in many natural populations were studied and their effects on larval population size estimations were analysed. Hatching time and length of coregonid larvae predicted by otolith analyses revealed that the vast majority of larvae hatched within two weeks after ice-off. Although growth rate of larvae seemed to be affected by larval density, clear size-selective mortality was not observed during the first weeks of larval life. Estimated larval density within sampling site showed temporal stability over time-scales from weeks to years. Sampling site densities at distances less than 2 km were predictable from each other whereas site-specific densities at distances over 2 km were not. Larval vertical distribution varied greatly between years and populations and a simple vertical distribution model was included in the procedure for estimating larval population size. This additional component substantially affected the annual density estimates of larval coregonids. In an applied part of this thesis, time series data for coregonid larvae were analysed together with fish mass removal data. No effect of cyprinid and percid removal on coregonid larvae densities was observed. Nevertheless, collection of time series data with a reliable method can be highlighted as a prerequisite for long term population studies and more extensive understanding of species-species interactions in aquatic environments.
Alphavirus nsP3 functions to form replication complexes transcribing negative-strand RNA

The alphavirus mutant Sindbis virus HR ts4, which has been assigned to the A complementation group, possessed a selective defect in negative-strand synthesis that was similar although not identical to that observed for the B complementation group mutant ts11 (Y.-F. Wang, S. G. Sawicki, and D. L. Sawicki, J. Virol. 65:985-988, 1991). The causal mutation was identified as a change of a C to a U residue at nucleotide 4903 in the nsP3 open reading frame that predicted a change of Ala-268 to Val. Thus, both nsP3 and nsP1 play a role selectively in the transcription of negative strands early in infection. The assignment of the mutation carried by an A complementation group mutant of Sindbis virus HR to nsP3 was unexpected, as mutations in other A complementation group mutants studied to date mapped to nsP2. Another mutant with a conditionally lethal mutation, ts7 of the G complementation group, also possessed a causal mutation resulting from a single-residue change in nsP3. Negative-strand synthesis ceased more slowly after a shift to the nonpermissive temperature in ts7-than in ts4-infected cells, and ts7 complemented ts11, but ts4 did not. However, the nsP3 of both ts4 and ts7 allowed reactivation of negative-strand synthesis by stable replication complexes containing nsP4 from ts24. Therefore, mutations in nsP3 affected only early events in replication and probably prevent the formation and/or function of the initial replication complex that synthesizes its negative-strand template. Because neither ts4 nor ts7 complemented 10A complementation group mutants, the genes for nsP2 and nsP3 function initially as a single cistron. We interpret these findings and present a model to suggest that the initial alphavirus replication complex is formed from tightly associated nsP2 and nsP3, perhaps in the form of P23, and proteolytically processed and trans-active nsP4 and nsP1.
Prevalence of HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese patients and its relationship to the p53 gene mutation

Human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular types 16 and 18, is positively associated with anogenital cancers and may be an important etiologic factor in their pathogenesis. The goal of our study was to investigate the role of HPV infection in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relationship with the p53 mutation. We have examined ESCC collected from Sichuan, China, for the presence of HPV infection and p53 mutation. The presence of HPV DNA was detected by PCR‐Southern analysis while the p53 mutation was analyzed by PCR‐SSCP. High‐risk HPV (types 16 and 18) DNA was detected in 32 out of 152 cases of ESCC examined. In contrast, HPV DNA was not detected in normal esophageal tissues excised from the distant end (tumor free) of resected ESCC. Mutation of the p53 gene was detected in 22 out of 55 cases of ESCC. The distribution of the 22 p53 mutation was: 5 in exon 5, 1 in exon 6, 5 in exon 7, 10 in exon 8 and 1 in exon 10. The p53 mutation was detected at a significantly lower rate in ESCC with HPV infection. Our results support a role of HPV infection in the pathogenesis of ESCC from a high‐incidence area. Int. J. Cancer 72:959–964, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant status in anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE The study of the antioxidant status in female adolescents (N = 82) with anorexia nervosa, by the measurement of erythrocyte tocopherol concentration, and the determination of activities of the main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. METHOD Tocopherol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection, and antioxidant enzyme activities by spectrometric methods using a Cobas Fara automated centrifugal analyzer. RESULTS Tocopherol was significantly decreased in the anorexic patients compared to reference values (p < .02). In 21% of patients, tocopherol levels were below the reference interval. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased (p < .0001), while catalase activity was increased (p < .0001). The activity of the glutathione system enzymes did not show significant differences between patients and controls. DISCUSSION The deficient concentration of erythrocyte tocopherol together with the altered antioxidant enzyme activities suggest a certain degree of oxidative damage in anorexia nervosa owing to both factors deficient micronutrient intake and oxidative stress.
Significance of Venous Anastomosis in Fingertip Replantation

&NA; Adequate venous outflow is the most important factor for successful fingertip replantation. The authors have attempted venous anastomosis in all cases of fingertip replantation to overcome postoperative congestion. In this article, the significance of venous repair for fingertip replantation is described from the authors' results of 64 complete fingertip amputations in 55 consecutive patients, which were replanted from January of 1996 to June of 2001. The overall survival rate was 86 percent. Of the 44 replantations in zone I, 37 survived, and the success rate was 84 percent. Of the 20 replantations in zone II, 18 survived, and the success rate was 90 percent. Venous anastomosis was attempted in all cases, but it was possible in 39 zone I and in all zone II replantations. For arterial repair, vein grafts were necessary in 17 of the 44 zone I and in one of the 20 zone II replantations; for venous repair, they were necessary in six zone I replantations and one zone II replantation. Postoperative vascular complications occurred in 15 replantations. There were five cases of arterial thrombosis and 10 cases of venous congestion. Venous congestion occurred in nine zone I and one zone II replantations. In five of these 10 replantations, venous anastomosis was not possible. In another five replantations, venous outflow was established at the time of surgery, but occlusion occurred subsequently. Except for the five failures resulting from arterial thrombosis, successful venous repair was possible in 49 of 59 replantations (83 percent). Despite the demand for skillful microsurgical technique and longer operation time, the authors' results using venous anastomosis in successful fingertip replantations are encouraging. By performing venous anastomosis, external bleeding can be avoided and a higher survival rate can be achieved. Venous anastomosis for fingertip replantation is a reliable and worthwhile procedure.
Characteristics of canine platelet-rich plasma prepared with five commercially available systems.

OBJECTIVE To characterize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products obtained from canine blood by use of a variety of commercially available devices. SAMPLE Blood samples from 15 dogs between 18 months and 9 years of age with no concurrent disease, except for osteoarthritis in some dogs. PROCEDURES PRP products were produced from blood obtained from each of the 15 dogs by use of each of 5 commercially available PRP-concentrating systems. Complete blood counts were performed on each whole blood sample and PRP product. The degree of platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentration or reduction for PRP, compared with results for the whole blood sample, was quantified for each dog and summarized for each concentrating system. RESULTS The various PRP-concentrating systems differed substantially in the amount of blood processed, method of PRP preparation, amount of PRP produced, and platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentrations or reductions for PRP relative to results for whole blood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The characteristics of PRP products differed considerably. Investigators evaluating the efficacy of PRPs need to specify the characteristics of the product they are assessing. Clinicians should be aware of the data (or lack of data) supporting use of a particular PRP for a specific medical condition.
Periodicity In The Intervals Between Primes

Abstract : We consider the n(n-1)/2 uniquely defined positive intervals among the first n=106 prime numbers as a probe of the global nature of the sequence of primes. A statistically strong periodicity is identified in the counting function giving the total number of intervals of a certain size. The nature of the periodic signature implies that the sequences of intervals spanning fixed numbers of gaps repeat quasi-cyclically. From the distribution of intervals we extract also the characteristic period of the repetition, which increases with n in a step-wise manner between consecutive primorial numbers and coincides with the most commonly occurring interval. The relationship between the most common interval and the primorial numbers is noteworthy independently of the periodic behaviors.
Application of Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation to Hybrid FE-BI-MLFMA for Fast RCS Computation Over a Frequency Band

The asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique has been widely used in the method of moment (MoM), the finite element method (FEM), and the hybrid finite element–boundary integral method (FE-BI) for fast computation over a wide frequency band. However, how to apply AWE to the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) still remains challenge. This paper proposes an efficient and robust approach to apply AWE to the hybrid finite element–boundary integral–multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FE-BI-MLFMA). The validity of the proposed approach is verified by numerical examples for scattering problems. Numerical experiments show that the application of AWE to FE-BI-MLFMA can greatly improve the efficiency of FE-BI-MLFMA for computation of scattering over a wide frequency band.
Influence of thermal stress and various agents on the brain edema formation in rats following a cryogenic brain lesion.

The influence of cold stress, heat stress, or various agents on the development of brain edema were assessed in rats following a cryogenic brain lesion. Brain edema was induced by local cold injury to the cortex. Cerebral edema was assessed 0.5, 3.0 or 24 h after a cryogenic brain lesion by measuring the water content of two hemispheres. Pretreatment of animals with sodium pentobarbital (15 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or lidocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) did not influence the development of brain edema. In addition, pretreatment with an external heat stress (heat exposure of 32 degrees C for 6 h) exaggerated significantly the development of brain edema in the rat following a cryogenic brain lesion. On the other hand, pretreatment of animals with either external cold stress (cold exposure of 8 degrees C for 6 h), glycerol (10% 10 ml, i.p.), mannitol (15% 10 ml, i.p.), gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (300 mg/kg, i.p.), metiamide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, i.p.), aminophylline (100 mg/kg, i.p.), or ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited significantly the brain edema formation.
Presence of a second mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase activity in Azospirillum brasilense in response to ammonium

Although ADP-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase plays a significant role in the regulation of nitrogenase activity in Azospirillum brasilense, it is not the only mechanism of that regulation. The replacement of an arginine residue at position 101 in the dinitrogenase reductase eliminated this ADP-ribosylation and revealed another regulatory system. While the constructed mutants had a low nitrogenase activity, NH4+ still partially inhibited their nitrogenase activity, independent of the dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase/dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase (DRAT/DRAG) system. These mutated dinitrogenase reductases also were expressed in a Rhodospirillum rubrum strain that lacked its endogenous dinitrogenase reductase, and they supported high nitrogenase activity. These strains neither lost nitrogenase activity nor modified dinitrogenase reductase in response to darkness and NH4+, suggesting that the ADP-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase is probably the only mechanism for posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase activity in R. rubrum under these conditions.