Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From a blame culture to a just culture in health care

Background: A prevailing blame culture in health care has been suggested as a major source of an unacceptably high number of medical errors. A just culture has emerged as an imperative for improving the quality and safety of patient care. However, health care organizations are finding it hard to move from a culture of blame to a just culture. Purpose: We argue that moving from a blame culture to a just culture requires a comprehensive understanding of organizational attributes or antecedents that cause blame or just cultures. Health care organizations need to build organizational capacity in the form of human resource (HR) management capabilities to achieve a just culture. Methodology: This is a conceptual article. Health care management literature was reviewed with twin objectives: (a) to ascertain if a consistent pattern existed in organizational attributes that lead to either blame or just cultures and (2) to find out ways to reform a blame culture. Conclusions: On the basis of the review of related literature, we conclude that (a) a blame culture is more likely to occur in health care organizations that rely predominantly on hierarchical, compliance-based functional management systems; (b) a just or learning culture is more likely to occur in health organizations that elicit greater employee involvement in decision making; and (c) human resource management capabilities play an important role in moving from a blame culture to a just culture. Practice Implications: Organizational culture or human resource management practices play a critical role in the health care delivery process. Health care organizations need to develop a culture that harnesses the ideas and ingenuity of health care professional by employing a commitment-based management philosophy rather than strangling them by overregulating their behaviors using a control-based philosophy. They cannot simply wish away the deeply entrenched culture of blame nor can they outsource their way out of it. Health care organizations need to build internal human resource management capabilities to bring about the necessary changes in their culture and management systems and to become learning organizations.
Structure and dynamics of the membrane attaching nitric oxide transporter nitrophorin 7 [ v 1 ; ref status : awaiting peer review

Nitrophorins represent a unique class of heme proteins that are able to perform the delicate transportation and release of the free-radical gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) in a pH-triggered manner. Besides its ability to bind to phospholipid membranes, the N-terminus contains an additional Leu-Pro-Gly stretch, which is a unique sequence trait, and the heme cavity is significantly altered with respect to other nitrophorins. These distinctive features encouraged us to solve the X-ray crystallographic structures of NP7 at low and high pH and bound with different heme ligands (nitric oxide, histamine, imidazole). The overall fold of the lipocalin motif is well preserved in the different X-ray structures and resembles the fold of other nitrophorins. However, a chain-like arrangement in the crystal lattice due to a number of head-to-tail electrostatic stabilizing interactions is found in NP7. Furthermore, the X-ray structures also reveal ligand-dependent changes in the orientation of the heme, as well as in specific interactions between the A-B and G-H loops, which are considered to be relevant for the biological function of nitrophorins. Fast and ultrafast laser triggered ligand rebinding experiments demonstrate the pH-dependent ligand migration within the cavities and the exit route. Finally, the topological distribution of pockets located around the heme as well as from inner cavities present at the rear of the protein provides a distinctive feature in NP7, so that while a loop gated exit mechanism to the solvent has been proposed for most nitrophorins, a more complex mechanism that involves several interconnected gas hosting cavities is proposed for NP7. 1 1 6 6 2
The eect of habitat structure on guild patterns and the foraging strategies of insectivorous birds in forests

Department of Zoology, Palacký University, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mail: adamik@prfnw.upol. cz Slovak National Park Service, The Administration of the Mala Fatra National Park, Nam. sv. Floriana 1002, SK-01303 Varin, Slovakia Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Ecology and Environment, Technical University, Kolpasska 9B, SK-96901 Banska Stiavnica, Slovakia Center for Ecological Studies, Ustredie 14, SK-01362 Veľke Rovne, Slovakia; e-mail: mkornan@stonline.sk
The in vitro elution characteristics of vancomycin from calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate beads.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to determine the elution characteristics of vancomycin when combined with a calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate mixture to form antibiotic beads in an in vitro environment. The beads were placed in phosphate-buffered saline and kept at 36 degrees C for 6 weeks. Three separate assays were undertaken, after which the phosphate-buffered saline was assayed at 24-hour intervals. Elution of the antibiotic was sustained at a gradual rate for 22 days. The amount of vancomycin assayed nearly equaled the calculated amount of antibiotic per bead measured during bead construction. In conclusion, calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate composite beads, when combined with vancomycin, elute vancomycin in a gradual and sustained fashion for 22 days in vitro. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE 2.
Spam1 (PH-20) Expression in the Extratesticular Duct and Accessory Organs of the Mouse: A Possible Role in Sperm Fluid Reabsorption1

Abstract A widely conserved sperm antigen, the sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1 or PH-20) is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-linked protein with multiple roles in mammalian fertilization. It has been shown to be dually expressed in testis and epididymis and this is conserved in the four species (mouse, rat, macaques, humans) that have been studied to date. Here, we report Spam1 RNA and protein expression in the murine vas deferens and efferent ducts. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicate that transcript and protein are distributed in the nonciliated epithelial cells and that the efferent ducts have the most intense staining of all three regions of the excurrent ducts. Spam1 products were also present in the accessory organs, the prostate, and seminal vesicles and its fluid. Using hyaluronic acid substrate gel electrophoresis, hyaluronidase activity at pH 7.0 was detected in the vas deferens but was absent from the efferent ducts, the prostate, and the seminal vesicles/fluid. This suggests that Spam1 may play a nonenzymatic role in these organs. In the efferent ducts, where Spam1 is enriched in the apical (but not basolateral) membrane of nonciliated cells, it is likely to play a role in sperm concentration, which is the established function of that organ.
The prognostic significance of perineural invasion in prostatic cancer biopsies

Men with clinically localized prostate cancer are faced with a wide range of treatment options, and only Gleason grading is universally used as a histopathological prognostic factor for this disease. The significance of perineural invasion in diagnostic biopsies is controversial. Opinion about whether or not it should influence treatment decisions is currently almost equally divided. To address this, the authors performed a systematic review of studies that examine the association between perineural invasion and prostate cancer recurrence. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Web of Knowledge were searched from January 1990 to December 2005. Outcomes analyzed were the development of biochemical or clinical recurrence. Twenty‐one articles on the association of perineural invasion in biopsies and prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy (n = 10) or radiotherapy (n = 11) were found but none on its significance in the context of watchful waiting. Structured data extraction was performed to allow comparisons between articles and to identify sources of heterogeneity to explain discrepancies in results. The considerable variation in study design, execution, and reporting precluded meta‐analysis and quantitative risk estimation, but the weight of evidence suggested that perineural invasion in biopsies was a significant prognostic indicator, particularly in specific patient groups defined by presenting serum prostate‐specific antigen levels and biopsy Gleason scores. Immediate treatment rather than watchful waiting may be more appropriate for patients with localized prostatic cancer and perineural invasion. However, the data are limited, and well‐designed studies that use predefined stringent protocols are required to provide robust estimates of risk to aid in treatment planning. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Competing Theories of Cataractogenesis After Pars Plana Vitrectomy and the Nutrient Theory of Cataractogenesis: A Function of Altered Aqueous Fluid Dynamics

Glaucoma and vitreoretinal surgeries have long been associated with cataract progression. There have been many theories to explain this phenomenon. These theories include direct or indirect mechanical damage from instrumentation, light toxicity from the operating scope, intraocular irrigating solution, use of intraocular gas, intraocular inflammation, and advanced patient age. These theories, however, do not distinguish between the different types of cataracts that form postoperatively, nor do they provide a unified coherent explanation for the observed cataract progression. In this chapter, we propose a mechanism of cataractogenesis, specifically nuclear sclerosis formation, which we believe occurs as a function of altered aqueous fluid dynamics after intraocular surgery. We present this as the nutrient theory of cataractogenesis. Before detailed discussion of the nutrient theory of cataractogenesis as a function of altered aqueous fluid dynamics, a background review of the following concepts will serve as a vital conceptual framework for its understanding: 1) anatomy andmetabolism of the lens, 2) aqueous humor and vitreous biochemistry, 3) fluidics of the aqueous humor and vitreous, 4) types of cataracts, 5) recognized causes of cataracts, and 6) current theories of nuclear sclerosis formation after pars plana vitrectomy.
Chronic pain in children after cardiac surgery via sternotomy

Abstract Introduction Chronic pain is common after sternotomy in adults with reported prevalence rates of 20–50%. So far, no studies have examined whether children develop chronic pain after sternotomy. Material and methods Postal questionnaires were sent to 171 children 10–60 months after undergoing cardiac surgery via sternotomy at the age of 0–12 years. The children were asked to recall the intensity and duration of their post-operative pain, if necessary with the help from their parents, and to describe the intensity and character of any present pain. Another group of 13 children underwent quantitative sensory testing of the scar area 3 months after sternotomy. Results A total of 121 children, median (range) age 7.7 (4.2–16.9) years, answered the questionnaire. Their age at the time of surgery was median (range) 3.8 (0–12.9) years, and the follow-up period was median (range) 4 (0.8–5.1) years. In all, 26 children (21%) reported present pain and/or pain within the last week located in the scar area; in 12 (46%) out of the 26 children, the intensity was ≥4 on a numeric rating scale (0–10). Quantitative sensory testing of the scar area revealed sensory abnormalities – pinprick hyperalgesia and brush and cold allodynia – in 10 out of 13 children. Conclusion Chronic pain after cardiac surgery via sternotomy in children is a problem that should not be neglected. The pain is likely to have a neuropathic component as suggested by the sensory abnormalities demonstrated by quantitative sensory testing.
VASECTOMY: FOLLOW UP OF 831 CASES

A study of the social and motivational aspects of 831 men who underwent bilateral vasectomy in Brisbane between April, 1970, and February, 1972, showed significant trends in age, socioeconomic status and religion. Over 98% of the sample reported complete satisfaction with the operation, and the significance of this response is discussed. Overall it is concluded that vasectomy is becoming a worthwhile popular means of contraception, particularly for those couples who find other methods unacceptable.
Quantities of Interleukin‐12p40 in Mature CD8α Negative Dendritic Cells Correlate with Strength of TCR Signal and Determine Th Cell Development

Strength of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling drives the development of Th1 and Th2 subsets from naive T helper precursors. The quantity of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) from antigen presenting cells (APC) is also profoundly involved in Th development. TCR signal strength and IL‐12 production from dendritic cells (DCs) are linked by CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on activated T cells. CD40L on the activated T cells interacts with CD40 on DC, resulting in induction of IL‐12 from DCs. However, the subsets of DC in spleen that produce the IL‐12 have not been clearly identified. Purification of DC subsets itself may provide maturation signals to immature DCs. Thus, we used non‐purified mouse spleen cells to analyze IL‐12 producing cells, near to steady states, during the interaction of naive T cells either with or without agonist. Mature CD86highCD8α−DCs in spleen mainly produced IL‐12p40 after stimulation of high dose agonist. The ratio of CD40L positive T cells and IL‐12p40 secreting CD86highDCs correlated with the concentration of agonist and Th1 development. However, anti‐IL‐12 did not completely inhibit the Th1 development. Altogether, strength of TCR signaling directs Th cell development by regulating CD40L expression on T cells which determines production of IL‐12p40 from CD86highCD8α−DC via CD40.
Behaviour regulation at the family dinner table. The use of and response to direct and indirect behaviour regulation in ten Swedish families

ABSTRACT This study explores parents' and children's use of and response to direct or indirect behaviour regulation in a family context. Ten families with two children each were divided into two groups depending on the age of the children (6–7 and 10–11 years or 10–11 and 13–14 years). Video-recorded regulatory dinner talk was transcribed, coded and analysed with regard to directness or indirectness in relation to behavioural outcome. Dinner talk was predominantly direct, but younger children were addressed by direct regulators as two-thirds of all regulators, whereas the opposite was seen with older children. Though children also tended to be direct, younger children used three times as many direct regulators as older ones. Compliance appeared in two-thirds of all direct regulators, but almost one-half of all indirect regulators were not complied with. Differences between groups were furthermore distinguished by instances of compliance: those who were most non-compliant were the children in group 2.
Relationships between of CaRbon, nitRogen stoCks and textuRe of the haRRan plain soils in southeasteRn tuRkey

SAKIN, E. , 2012. Relationships between of carbon, nitrogen stocks and texture of the Harran plain soils in Southeastern Turkey. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 626-634 Present studies have focused on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks of soils because of increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and terrestrial ecosystems with wide N storages. Total C amounts were between 3.61 and 6.47 kg C m –2 and total nitrogen amounts were between 0.73 and 0.99 kg C m –2 . C:N ratios were between 4.3:1 and 6.0:1 and bulk density (BD) was between 1.23–1.34 Mg m −3 . Carbon and N stocks were determined as 10.53 Tg C and 1.96 Tg N, respectively. A highly significant relationship existed between carbon and nitrogen contents (R 2 =0.99; p<0.01). Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was found to be directly related to soil texture at all depths. A very strong relationship was found between SOC and soil texture in Harran Plain soils. According to statistical analyses (p<0.001), the strongest relationship was detected between SOC and clay (R 2 =0.96) and silt (R 2 =0.95). The relationship between sand and SOC was determined as (R 2 =0.65). The findings indicated that, in practice, areas containing low carbon should be preferred for use in carbon storage rather than areas containing high carbon stocks.
Effect of framework material and vertical misfit on stress distribution in implant-supported partial prosthesis under load application: 3-D finite element analysis

Abstract Objective. This study evaluated the influence of framework material and vertical misfit on stress created in an implant-supported partial prosthesis under load application. Materials and methods. The posterior part of a severely reabsorbed jaw with a fixed partial prosthesis above two osseointegrated titanium implants at the place of the second premolar and second molar was modeled using SolidWorks 2010 software. Finite element models were obtained by importing the solid model into an ANSYS Workbench 11 simulation. The models were divided into 15 groups according to their prosthetic framework material (type IV gold alloy, silver-palladium alloy, commercially pure titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy or zirconia) and vertical misfit level (10 µm, 50 µm and 100 µm). After settlement of the prosthesis with the closure of the misfit, simultaneous loads of 110 N vertical and 15 N horizontal were applied on the occlusal and lingual faces of each tooth, respectively. The data was evaluated using Maximum Principal Stress (framework, porcelain veneer and bone tissue) and a von Mises Stress (retention screw) provided by the software. Results. As a result, stiffer frameworks presented higher stress concentrations; however, these frameworks led to lower stresses in the porcelain veneer, the retention screw (faced to 10 µm and 50 µm of the misfit) and the peri-implant bone tissues. Conclusion. The increase in the vertical misfit resulted in stress values increasing in all of the prosthetic structures and peri-implant bone tissues. The framework material and vertical misfit level presented a relevant influence on the stresses for all of the structures evaluated.
A New Analytic Framework for Dynamic Mobility Management of PCS Networks

This paper presents a new analytic framework for dynamic location management of PCS networks. Based on the theory of hexagonal cellular patterns, a novel two-dimensional Markov walk model with six states is proposed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the intercell movements for a mobile station. We discover a broad class of isotropic processes having an identical uniform steady-state distribution of the six directions, but distinct circulant transition probability matrices. Six special isotropic processes exhibiting IID, directional, turning, ping-pong, h-spin, and t-spin mobility patterns are identified for performance comparison. We also generalize the selective paging strategy by introducing the concept of probabilistic selective paging (PSP) to reduce the paging cost. A unified analysis using recursive computations is carried out to compute the exact probability distribution for the number of per-call location updates. We calculate the location profile with respect to an incoming call and derive an exact expression of the average paging cost for PSP. With its ability to distinguish subtle performance variations and unveil new features of various dynamic location management schemes, our analytic framework is demonstrated to provide more precise and insightful results than conventional analysis.
Administration of Chloromycetin to Normal Human Subjects

Conclusion These limited trials indicate that Chloromycetin can be given orally to normal adult males in single doses of 2.0 g, or in daily doses of 1.0 g for 10 days without untoward reactions. The presence of appreciable amounts of drug in the blood and urine of volunteers 30 minutes after oral administration of Chloromycetin indicates that the antibiotic is absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract of man. Excretion or inactivation of the drug occurs rather rapidly, hence, in order to maintain appreciable levels of the antibiotic in the blood, frequent administration of the drug is indicated.
NIDDM, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Pulmonary Function in Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study

OBJECTIVE To determine whether NIDDM or plasma glucose level in subjects without diabetes is associated with reduced pulmonary function in 525 men and 714 women, 51–95 years of age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The analysis was based on data from a community-based study, the Rancho Bernardo Study. Between 1984 and 1987, 82% of community-dwelling residents had an oral glucose tolerance test. Between 1988 and 1991, 80% had lung function assessed by spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]). RESULTS In analyses adjusted for age, height, and cigarette smoking, pulmonary function was not associated with known or newly diagnosed NIDDM in men or women. However, FEV1 and FVC were each independently reduced in men with diabetes of 10 or more years' duration. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were correlated with FEV1 and FVC in men without diabetes. No associations were found in women. CONCLUSIONS The overall absence of an association of NIDDM with pulmonary function in these older adults may reflect survival bias and the small number of subjects with severe diabetes or diabetes of prolonged duration. The apparent relation of FPG levels to FEV1 and FVC suggests that any effect of glycemia precedes diabetes and contradicts any putative causal role for duration and severity of glycemia, however. More epidemiological studies are needed to provide further information about the relationship between NIDDM and lung function.
Personality traits and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging and genetic studies suggest that individual differences in the brain dopaminergic system contribute to the normal variability of human personality (e.g., social detachment and novelty seeking). The authors studied whether presynaptic dopamine function is also associated with personality traits. METHOD Presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity in the brain was measured with positron emission tomography and [(18)F]fluorodopa in 33 healthy adults, and personality traits were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Associations were studied by using a linear regression model controlling for the effects of age and gender on both variables. RESULTS High scores on two of the anxiety-related personality scales, somatic anxiety and muscular tension, and on one aggressivity-related scale, irritability, were significantly associated with low [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake in the caudate. No statistically significant associations were observed between [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake and the detachment scale or scales related to novelty-seeking behavior (impulsiveness and monotony avoidance). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a role for the dopaminergic system in the regulation of anxiety in healthy subjects. Together with previous studies, they also indicate differential involvement of various components of the dopaminergic system in normal and pathological personality traits.