Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The process of embedding a small firm in its industrial context

This article explores the activities involved in embedding a small firm in its industrial context. Inductive analysis of longitudinal, case study data collected from a small firm in the creative industries highlights the use of networks and networking as embedding mechanisms. Key emergent themes include the impacts of pre-embeddedness (defined as the sum of all cultural, social and symbolic capital accessible to the founding team prior to business start-up), the vision and network orientation of the founding team and their strategic use of networking. The interplay between these conditions and activities is revealed as important in building legitimacy, which is critical for embedding a firm in its industrial context. This article extends knowledge of embedding beyond the initial phase of new venture creation and highlights the emergent and evolving dynamics behind this process.
Vibroacoustic-Induced Fetal Movement: Two Stimuli and Two Methods of Scoring

Objective: To determine whether the fetal movement response elicited by vibroacoustic stimulation depends upon the vibrator and the method used to judge movement. Methods: Two methods of obtaining elicited fetal movement responses—maternal perceptions and ultrasound scan observations—were compared using two different vibroacoustic stimuli in 16 low-risk term pregnancies. Results: Analyses of response over trials showed that the percentage of agreement between ultrasound scan observations and maternal perceptions varied (52-96%) across stimuli. The mothers perceived 64% less movement when vibrator 1 was used and 14% less movement response with vibrator 2. Analyses of average movement scores across subjects showed similar results. Vibrator 1 elicited significantly fewer maternal perceptions of fetal movement compared with ultrasound scan observation (an average of 0.8/3 compared with 2.3/3 movements per subject, respectively). For vibrator 2, there were no differences in average movement scores obtained by maternal perception and ultrasound scan observation (an average of 2.4/3 versus 2.8/3, respectively). Conclusion: The stimulus used in vibroacoustic stimulation testing influences the reliability of maternal movement perceptions as compared with ultrasound scan observations. (Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:174-7)
Quantitative analysis of phosphopeptides in search of the disease biomarker from the hepatocellular carcinoma specimen

Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is the most common PTM in cell‐signaling pathways. Despite this, high‐throughput methods for the systematic detection, identification, and quantification of phosphorylated peptides have yet to be developed. In this paper, we describe the establishment of an efficient online titaniuim dioxide (TiO2)‐based 3‐D LC (strong cationic exchange/TiO2/C18)‐MS3‐linear ion trap system, which provides fully automatic and highly efficient identification of phosphorylation sites in complex peptide mixtures. Using this system, low‐abundance phosphopeptides were isolated from cell lines, plasma, and tissue of healthy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Furthermore, the phosphorylation sites were identified and the differences in phosphorylation levels between healthy and HCC patient specimens were quantified by labeling the phosphopeptides with isotopic analogs of amino acids (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture for HepG2 cells) or water (H 218 O for tissues and plasma). Two examples of potential HCC phospho‐biomarkers including plectin‐1(phopho‐Ser‐4253) and alpha‐HS‐glycoprotein (phospho‐Ser 138 and 312) were identified by this analysis. Our results suggest that this comprehensive TiO2‐based online‐3‐D LC‐MS3‐linear ion trap system with high‐throughput potential will be useful for the global profiling and quantification of the phosphoproteome and the identification of disease biomarkers.
Whole Body Postmortem Angiography with a High Viscosity Contrast Agent Solution Using Poly Ethylene Glycol as Contrast Agent Dissolver

Abstract: Postmortem minimal invasive angiography has already been implemented to support virtual autopsy examinations. An experimental approach in a porcine model to overcome an initially described artificial tissue edema artifact by using a poly ethylene glycol (PEG) containing contrast agent solution showed promising results. The present publication describes the first application of PEG in a whole corpse angiographic CT examination. A minimal invasive postmortem CT angiography was performed in a human corpse utilizing the high viscosity contrast agent solution containing 65% of PEG. Injection was carried out via the femoral artery into the aortic root in simulated cardiac output conditions. Subsequent CT scanning delivered the 3D volume data of the whole corpse. Visualization of the human arterial anatomy was excellent and the contrast agent distribution was generally limited to the arterial system as intended. As exceptions an enhancement of the brain, the left ventricular myocardium and the renal cortex became obvious. This most likely represented the stage of centralization of the blood circulation at the time of death with dilatation of the precapillary arterioles within these tissues. Especially for the brain this resulted in a distinctively improved visualization of the intracerebral structures by CT. However, the general tissue edema artifact of postmortem minimal invasive angiography examinations could be distinctively reduced.
Outcomes of Ahmed valve surgery for refractory glaucoma in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

AIM To evaluate the outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation surgery for refractory glaucoma. METHODS This one-armed historical cohort study was conducted in 2011. Refractory glaucoma was defined as eyes with an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mm Hg with maximally tolerated glaucoma medications, failed surgeries, or both. For all eyes with refractory glaucoma that underwent AGV implantation, data were collected on IOP, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and glaucoma medications preoperatively and 4, 6, 12, 24 and 56wk postoperatively. Logarithm values of IOP were calculated and compared. RESULTS The study group was comprised of 30 patients (30 eyes, 16 males and 14 females) with refractory glaucoma. Mean preoperative IOP was 39.3±13.8 mm Hg. Postoperative mean IOP was 15.7±7.1 mm Hg, 19.6±12.8 mm Hg and 13.9±14.2 mm Hg at 12, 24 and 56wk respectively. BCVA was ≥ 6/60 in 11 eyes preoperatively, and five eyes had BCVA≥6/60 at 56wk postoperatively. Preoperatively, more than four medications were used to treat glaucoma in 21 eyes. At 12wk postoperatively, no medications were required to control IOP in 20 eyes. At 56wk postoperatively, at least one medication was required to control IOP in 10 eyes. Over the entire follow up period, four eyes were treated with yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser and 14 eyes required a second surgery. The AGV was removed in four eyes. CONCLUSION AGV implantation reduced IOP and the number of medications required to control refractory glaucoma. However, there was a higher risk of decreased vision. Long-term follow up and prompt intervention are recommended.
Model Predictive Control for Power Converters and Drives: Advances and Trends

Model predictive control (MPC) is a very attractive solution for controlling power electronic converters. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the latest developments in MPC for power converters and drives, describing the current state of this control strategy and analyzing the new trends and challenges it presents when applied to power electronic systems. The paper revisits the operating principle of MPC and identifies three key elements in the MPC strategies, namely the prediction model, the cost function, and the optimization algorithm. This paper summarizes the most recent research concerning these elements, providing details about the different solutions proposed by the academic and industrial communities.
Minimally Invasive: Minimally Reimbursed? An Examination of Six Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures

It is generally believed that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) results in less postoperative pain, fewer complications, and shorter recovery periods compared with open procedures. Yet despite these benefits, the level of reimbursement assigned to the surgeon by United States health-care payers is often lower than that for open procedures. Furthermore, the cost of performing a MIS may be higher vs an open procedure because specialized equipment, increased surgical time, or both may be required. In this report, we examine the issue by comparing reimbursements for MIS with open procedures, summarizing the medical literature on MIS vs open surgical procedures, and offering recommendations for payers who establish reimbursement policies. The review is focused on six MIS procedures where outcomes data exist: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lap chole), laparoscopic colectomy (LC), laparoscopic fundoplication (LF), laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR), and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Outcomes summarized were length of hospital stay (LOS), operating room time, operating room costs, complications, and return to work or normal activities. The level of scientific evidence was assigned to each study using predetermined criteria. A total of 112 articles were reviewed: 14 for lap chole, 26 for LC, 7 for LF, 19 for LH, 9 for LVHR, and 37 for LA. The data demonstrate that these procedures result in reduced hospital stay, reduced hospital costs, and faster return to work or normal activities. Yet, the operating room time and costs are frequently higher for MIS. These findings suggest that as both the outcomes value and level of operating room resources are greater, MIS warrants reimbursement that meets or exceeds that of open procedures.
Effect of locally administered novel biodegradable chitosan based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intra-pocket dental film on alveolar bone density in rat model of periodontitis

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intrapocket dental film (CRZHDF) for applications in the treatment of alveolar bone loss in an animal model of periodontitis. The physical characteristics (folding endurance, pH, mucoadhesive strength, risedronate content and release) of CRZHDF, exhibited results within the limit. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced or disappeared crystallinity of risedronate and zinc-hydroxyapatite in presence of chitosan. Further, FTIR studies revealed stability of CRZHDF and compatibility between risedronate, zinc-hydroxyapatite and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide injections around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (12 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CRZHDF-A, periodontitis plus CRZHDF-B, and periodontitis plus chitosan film. After four weeks, blood samples and mandibles were obtained for biochemical, radiographic and histological analysis. Bone specific alkaline phosphatise activity and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b was statistically lower in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). The expression of osteocalcin was statistically higher in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CRZHDF resulted in significant improvements in the mesial and distal periodontal bone support (MPBS and DPBS, respectively) proportions (%), bone mineral density, and also reversed alveolar bone resorption when compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.001). The study reported here reveals that novel CRZHDF treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributes to periodontal healing in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.
Altholactone Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) to the available chemotherapy reveals the demand for identification of new anticancer agents. We evaluated the antitumour potential of altholactone, a naturally occurring bioactive compound isolated from Goniothalamus spp. (Annonaceae) hooks, against CRC cells. Antitumour activity of altholactone was measured using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the propidium iodide method. Apoptosis mediators involved were assessed using biochemical inhibitors and Western blotting analysis. Results revealed that altholactone induced varying degrees of apoptosis in CRC cells but not in normal fibroblasts. Dissection of the altholactone‐induced apoptotic signalling pathway revealed that altholactone activated caspase‐dependent and ‐independent apoptotic pathways. Activation of caspase‐4 appeared to be the initiating event in the caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway. Pre‐treatment of CRC cells with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited activation of caspase‐4 and altholactone‐induced apoptosis. These results indicate that altholactone induces selective cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma cells and warrants further clinical evaluation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leveraging Virtual Experimentation and Simulation in R&D

As the technology for virtual experimentation and simulation has matured, interest in its uses for RD he was responsible for integrating and upgrading the processes and systems of the two companies. He also incorporated more rigorous and formal portfolio management, idea generation, and risk management processes. He is currently a Senior Principal for Strategic Technologies, focused on the overall innovation management process for Entegris. steven.moskowitz@entegris.com tool not only saved significant time in the development process; it also improved researchers' ability to predict a prospective drug's success in clinical tests, and even in the marketplace. These new capabilities saved the company millions of dollars in development efforts that would have been expended on unsuccessful candidates (Thomke 2001). Given these kinds of results, it is unsurprising that innovators in other industries would be intrigued by the possibilities of simulation tools for R&D. Motivated by this growing interest, especially among its members, the Industrial Research Institute (IRI) established a research group to explore best practices and pitfalls in leveraging virtual experimentation and simulation in R&D. The research group engaged in a comprehensive study of the current state of practice in virtual experimentation and simulation, conducting a structured literature review, a comparative case study across more than 15 companies, and a survey. Through that work, the group has explored how R&D itself evolves when virtual experimentation and simulation tools are implemented, inducing change in the core areas of the discipline. For instance, these tools can alter the approach to design thinking and accelerate iterations, as well as enabling new modes of co-creation with customers. However, as the literature survey reveals, these tools are not without pitfalls, many of which may be avoided if managers are proactive and alert to developing attitudes toward the technology. …
Does Incentive-Based Compensation for Chief Internal Auditors Impact Objectivity? An External Audit Risk Perspective

SUMMARY: This paper considers the potential impact of internal audit incentive-based compensation (IBC) linked to company performance on the external auditor's assessment of internal audit objectivity. We posit that external auditors will view IBC as a potential threat to internal audit objectivity, thus reducing the extent of reliance on the work of internal auditors and increasing the assessment of control risk. The increase in risk and external auditor effort should result in higher audit fees. We hypothesize that the form of incentive-based compensation, namely stock-based versus cash bonuses, moderates the association between IBC and external audit fee. Finally, we consider whether underlying financial reporting risk mitigates the external auditor's potential sensitivity to IBC. We find a positive association between external audit fees and internal audit compensation based upon company performance. The association is acute to IBC paid in stock or stock options as opposed to cash bonuses. We also fin.
Microarray RNA transcriptional profiling: Part II. Analytical considerations and annotation

This review summarizes the various data filtration, transformation and normalization processes for different array platforms (cDNA, oligos, one- and two-color), data analysis methods and their validation, and databases and annotation for RNA transcriptional profiling microarrays. This review is intended to introduce the beginner to the analyses and interpretation of gene expression studies using a nonmathematical approach for easier comprehension. Microarray analysis is not a trivial undertaking as there is no single method that works well for all, and results obtained from these analyses should be considered as a complement to other approaches.
Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Epidemiology and Genetic Influences

Study Design. A literature review. Objective. To synthesize the scientific literature on the prevalence of lumbar disc degeneration and factors associated with its occurrence, including genetic influences. Methods. A literature review was conducted of the prevalence of disc degeneration. Studies of the etiology of disc degeneration were summarized, with particular attention given to studies of genetic influences. Results and Conclusions. There are extreme variations in the reported prevalence of specific degenerative findings of the lumbar spine among studies, which cannot be explained entirely by age or other identifiable risk factors (e.g., prevalence figures for disc narrowing varied from 3% to 56%). It is likely that these variations are due, in great part, to inconsistencies in case definitions and measurements, which are impeding epidemiologic research on disc degeneration. Research conducted over the past decade has led to a dramatic shift in the understanding of disc degeneration and its etiology. Previously, heavy physical loading was the main suspected risk factor for disc degeneration. However, results of exposure-discordant monozygotic and classic twin studies suggest that physical loading specific to occupation and sport has a relatively minor role in disc degeneration, beyond that of upright postures and routine activities of daily living. Recent research indicates that heredity has a dominant role in disc degeneration, explaining 74% of the variance in adult populations studied to date. Since 1998, genetic influences have been confirmed by the identification of several gene forms associated with disc degeneration.
Cardiac Screening in Infants with Infantile Hemangiomas before Propranolol Treatment

There is no uniform pretreatment cardiac evaluation for infants treated with oral propranolol, which is now the drug of choice for hemangiomas of infancy requiring systemic medical intervention. The aim of this study was to report and evaluate the findings of pretreatment cardiac evaluation. Data were reviewed for patients evaluated by a single hemangioma specialist and a single pediatric cardiologist prior to initiation of propranolol for infantile hemangioma. Cardiac evaluation included a complete echocardiogram. From July 2009 through January 2013, 239 consecutive patients 12 months of age or younger (median 2.7 months) were screened. No patients had cardiac contraindications to propranolol. However, 50 patients (21%) had an abnormal echocardiogram: 39 atrial septal defects (5 associated with right heart enlargement), 6 ventricular septal defects, 2 patent ductus arteriosus, 1 aortic coarctation, 1 pulmonary valve stenosis, and 1 aberrant subclavian artery. Overall, 69 patients had an audible heart murmur, 44 of which were not associated with pathologic findings on echocardiogram. All patients with a ventricular septal defect and 16 of 39 with an atrial septal defect had a murmur. Two of seven patients with PHACE syndrome had cardiac anomalies. None of the findings precluded the use of propranolol. Assisted reproductive technologies were used in 18% of pregnancies, including in vitro fertilization in 12%. Cardiac contraindications to propranolol treatment are uncommon in patients with infantile hemangioma. However, anatomic abnormalities were more common than reported in the general population. Further study is necessary to determine whether there is a pathogenic relationship between cardiac defects and nonsyndromic infantile hemangioma.
An Examination of Dyadic Changes in Optimism and Physical Health Over Time

Objective: Having a partner high in optimism is associated with better health in older adults. However, partners, just like individuals, are not static entities and likely change considerably over time. The current study examined whether changes in one person’s optimism was associated with corresponding changes in his or her partner’s health over a 4-year period. Method: We employed a sample of 2,758 heterosexual couples (5,516 individuals; Mage = 65.81, SD = 9.00), married an average of 36.06 years. Median level of education was at least a high school education (13.0% had less than a high school education; 56.1% had a high school education; 30.9% had at least some college education). Both couple members filled out measures of optimism and health twice over a 4-year period. Results: Having a partner high in optimism at baseline was associated with increases in an actor’s optimism 4 years later, r = . 08, p < . 001. Baseline self-rated health and chronic illness of actors and their partners were mostly unrelated to changes in optimism. However, actor (rs > .05) and partner (rs > .03) changes in optimism were associated with changes in self-rated health and chronic illnesses over time. There was also some evidence for an interaction effect (rs > .03), such that the worst outcomes were experienced among couples in which both members decreased in optimism. Conclusion: This is the first study to examine how changes in psychological characteristics are associated with changes in health within and across romantic partners. Possible mechanisms are discussed.