Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF PROXIMAL FEMUR BONE DENSITY AND GEOMETRY BY DXA IN JAPANESE PATIENTS TREATED WITH RISEDRONATE

Hip structure analysis (HSA) and advanced hip assessment (AHA) can be used to evaluate proximal femur geometry based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the hip. The purpose of this review was to reveal the effects of 1-year risedronate therapy on proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) and geometry in Japanese patients with an increased risk for fractures. The relevant literature was searched using PubMed and two available clinical practice-based observational studies were identified. The HSA study revealed that the BMD increased at the intertrochanter and shaft, the cross-sectional area (CSA) and section modulus increased at the narrow neck, intertrochanteric, and shaft and the buckling ratio decreased at the intertrochanteric. The increase in section modulus was greater than the increase in BMD. The AHA study revealed that the total hip and femoral neck BMD, CSA, cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and femoral strength index (FSI) of the proximal femur increased. The increases in CSMI, CSA, and FSI were greater than the increases in femoral neck and total hip BMD. These results suggested beneficial effects of risedronate therapy on proximal femur geometry assessed by HSA and AHA in Japanese patients with an increased risk for fractures, indicating positive effects of risedronate on the structural properties in terms of bone quality.
Silent gesture and noun phrase universals

In this paper we investigate a hypothesized cognitive bias for isomorphic mappings between conceptual structure and linear order in the noun phrase. This bias has been proposed as a possible explanation for a striking asymmetry in the typology of the noun phrase–linear orders which place the adjective closest to the noun, then the numeral, then the demonstrative, are over-represented in the world’s languages. Previous experimental work has provided evidence that an isomorphism bias affects English-speaking learners’ inferences about the relative order of modifiers in an artificial language. Here, we use the silent gesture paradigm to explore whether the isomorphism bias influences spontaneous gestures innovated by participants in a modality with which they have relatively little prior experience. We find that gesture string order largely conforms to the same striking pattern found in noun phrase typology, supporting the role of the isomorphism bias in shaping the emergence of language (and language-like) systems.
Vertebrate crossveinless 2 is secreted and acts as an extracellular modulator of the BMP signaling cascade

In vertebrates and invertebrates, BMP/Dpp (Bone Morphogenetic Protein/Decapentaplegic) signaling regulates the orchestrated processes of embryogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that BMP/Dpp signaling is controlled extracellularly as well as intracellularly. One extracellular regulatory molecule is the Chordin/Short gastrulation protein (Chordin/Sog), a secreted protein that acts as an antagonist to BMP/Dpp. Chordin/Sog contains four cysteine‐rich (CR) domains that bind to and inactivate BMP/Dpp. In contrast, a positive regulator has been identified in Drosophila. Named crossveinless 2 (cv‐2), this molecule contains five CR domains at the N‐terminal half and a von Willebrand factor D domain at the C‐terminal part. Genetic data suggest that Cv‐2 potentiates Dpp signaling. We isolated chick and mouse CV‐2 genes and found that CV‐2 is secreted and enhances BMP signaling. Expression patterns were closely related to those of BMPs, supporting the likelihood of a tight link. Our data show for the first time that CV‐2 is a conserved, positive regulator of BMP signaling and that CR domain proteins act as both positive and negative modulators of BMP signaling. Developmental Dynamics 230:434–445, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ueber das Brandverhalten punktgestuetzter Stahlbetonplatten

Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft hat in den Jahren 1990 bis 1992 am Institut fuer Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz der Technischen Universitaet Braunschweig Forschungsarbeiten ueber das Brandverhalten von punktgestuetzten Stahlbetonplatten (Flachdecken) gefoerdert, ueber deren Ergebnisse berichtet wird. Die Untersuchungen hatten das Ziel, Veraenderungen der Schnittgroessenverteilung in Flachdecken-Konstruktionen unter Brandeinwirkung gegenueber dem Zustand unter Normaltemperatur zu klaeren und das Tragverhalten gegenueber Durchstanzen unter Brandeinwirkung experimentell zu erfassen. Untersuchungen zur Schnittgroessenverteilung unter Brandeinwirkung konnten nur auf rechnerischem Weg durchgefuehrt werden; hingegen wurde das Durchstanzen experimentell in 10 Brandversuchen an Platten mit praxisnahen Abmessungen studiert. Diese Versuche schliessen an vier Tastversuche an, die im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereichs 148 "Brandverhalten von Bauteilen" im Jahre 1986 durchgefuehrt worden waren. (A) Titel in Englisch: Investigations on the behaviour of flat slabs under fire; Titel in Franzoesisch: Recherches sur le comportement a l'incendie de plaques en beton arme a appui ponctuel (plafonds bas).
MicroReview The Tat protein export pathway

The Tat ( twin-arginine translocation) system is a bacterial protein export pathway with the remarkable ability to transport folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. Preproteins are directed to the Tat pathway by signal peptides that bear a characteristic sequence motif, which includes consecutive arginine residues. Here, we review recent progress on the characterization of the Tat system and critically discuss the structure and operation of this major new bacterial protein export pathway.
Two different oxygen sensors regulate oxygen‐sensitive K+ transport in crucian carp red blood cells

The O2 dependence of ouabain‐independent K+ transport mechanisms has been studied by unidirectional Rb+ flux analysis in crucian carp red blood cells (RBCs). The following observations suggest that O2 activates K+–Cl− cotransport (KCC) and deactivates Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransport (NKCC) in these cells via separate O2 sensors that differ in their O2 affinity. When O2 tension (PO2) at physiological pH 7.9 was increased from 0 to 1, 4, 21 or 100 kPa, K+ (Rb+) influx was increasingly inhibited, and at 100 kPa amounted to about 30% of the value at 0 kPa. This influx was almost completely Cl− dependent at high and low PO2, as shown by substituting Cl− with nitrate or methanesulphonate. K+ (Rb+) efflux showed a similar PO2 dependence as K+ (Rb+) influx, but was about 4–5 times higher over the whole PO2 range. The combined net free energy of transmembrane ion gradients favoured net efflux of ions for both KCC and NKCC mechanisms. The KCC inhibitor dihydroindenyloxyalkanoic acid (DIOA, 0.1 mm) abolished Cl−‐dependent K+ (Rb+) influx at a PO2 of 100 kPa, but was only partially effective at low PO2 (0–1 kPa). At PO2 values between 0 and 4 kPa, K+ (Rb+) influx was further unaffected by variations in pH between 8.4 and 6.9, whereas the flux at 21 and 100 kPa was strongly reduced by pH values below 8.4. At pH 8.4, where K+ (Rb+) influx was maximal at high and low PO2, titration of K+ (Rb+) influx with the NKCC inhibitor bumetanide (1, 10 and 100 μm) revealed a highly bumetanide‐sensitive K+ (Rb+) flux pathway at low PO2, and a relative bumetanide‐insensitive pathway at high PO2. The bumetanide‐sensitive K+ (Rb+) influx pathway was activated by decreasing PO2, with a PO2 for half‐maximal activation (P50) not significantly different from the P50 for haemoglobin O2 binding. The bumetanide‐insensitive K+ (Rb+) influx pathway was activated by increasing PO2 with a P50 significantly higher than for haemoglobin O2 binding. These results are relevant for the pathologically altered O2 sensitivity of RBC ion transport in certain human haemoglobinopathies.
Mechanism of Prostaglandin E2 Transport across the Plasma Membrane of HeLa Cells and Xenopus Oocytes Expressing the Prostaglandin Transporter “PGT”*

We recently identified a novel prostaglandin transporter called PGT (Kanai, N., Lu, R., Satriano, J. A., Bao, Y., Wolkoff, A. W., and Schuster, V. L. (1995)Science 268, 866–869). Based on initial functional studies, we have hypothesized that PGT might mediate the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins (PG), epithelial transport of PGs, or metabolic clearance of PGs. Here we examined the mechanism of PGT transport as expressed in HeLa cells and Xenopus oocytes, using isotopic PG influx and efflux studies. In both native HeLa cells and oocytes, cell membranes were poorly permeable to PGs. In contrast, in oocytes injected with PGT mRNA, the PG influx permeability coefficient was 90–157 times that of oocytes injected with water. The rank order substrate profile was PGF2α ≈ PGE2 > TXB2 ≫ 6 keto-PGF1α. PG influx displayed an overshoot with rapid accumulation of tracer PGE2, followed by a gradual return to baseline. Based on estimated oocyte volumes, the PGT-mediated accumulation of PGE2 reached steady state at intra-oocyte concentrations 25-fold higher than the external media. The accumulation of PG was not due to intracellular binding or metabolism. PGT-mediated uptake was ATP- and temperature-dependent, but not sodium-dependent, and was inhibited by disulfonic stilbenes, niflumic acid, and the thiol reactive anion MTSES (Na(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate). [3H]PGE2 efflux from PGT-transfected HeLa cells was stimulated by external (trans) PGE2 in a dose-dependent fashion and was inhibited by bromcresol green and 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate. Membrane depolarization inhibited uptake of [3H]PGE2, consistent with a model of net outward movement of negative charge during the translocation event. These findings suggest that PGT mediates [3H]PGE2 accumulation via obligatory, electrogenic anion exchange.
Nitric Oxide Activates Diverse Signaling Pathways to Regulate Gene Expression*

Nitric oxide signaling is crucial for effecting long lasting changes in cells, including gene expression, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. We have determined the temporal order of gene activation induced by NO in mammalian cells and have examined the signaling pathways that mediate the action of NO. Using microarrays to study the kinetics of gene activation by NO, we have determined that NO induces three distinct waves of gene activity. The first wave is induced within 30 min of exposure to NO and represents the primary gene targets of NO. It is followed by subsequent waves of gene activity that may reflect further cascades of NO-induced gene expression. We verified our results using quantitative real time PCR and further validated our conclusions about the effects of NO by using cytokines to induce endogenous NO production. We next applied pharmacological and genetic approaches to determine the signaling pathways that are used by NO to regulate gene expression. We used inhibitors of particular signaling pathways, as well as cells from animals with a deleted p53 gene, to define groups of genes that require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, NF-κB, p53, or combinations thereof for activation by NO. Our results demonstrate that NO utilizes several independent signaling pathways to induce gene expression.
PREVALENCE OF GENU VALGUM IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN THE CITY OF SANTOS (SP), BRAZIL

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of genu valgum and associated factors in elementary school students. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in 2015, with 1,050 children and adolescents enrolled in an elementary school in Santos, Southeast Brazil. Misalignment of the knee was assessed by intermalleolar distance, considering ≥8 cm or <8 cm. Inter-examiners reliability was measured by Kappa coefficient, resulting in 0.94. Nutritional status was evaluated according to the World Health Organization 2006 references. Logistic regression model was applied to analyze variables associated with genu valgum. Results: Among schoolchildren, 7.1% had genu valgum. The frequency was higher among overweight or obese schoolchildren. On average, students with genu valgum are older than those without it. There was no association with gender. Upon logistic regression model, only nutritional status was significantly associated with this condition. The chance of occurrence of valgus knee in overweight and obese schoolchildren was, respectively, 6.0 and 75.7 times greater than among thin or eutrophic subjects. Conclusions: The prevalence of genu valgum in elementary school children and adolescents was 7.1%, being higher among overweight/obese students and presenting no association with gender or age.
Developmental trajectories of impulsivity and their association with alcohol use and related outcomes during emerging and young adulthood I.

BACKGROUND Research has documented normative patterns of personality change during emerging and young adulthood that reflect decreases in traits associated with substance use, such as impulsivity. However, evidence suggests variability in these developmental changes. METHODS This study examined trajectories of impulsivity and their association with substance use and related problems from ages 18 to 35. Analyses were based on data collected from a cohort of college students (N = 489), at high and low risk for AUDs, first assessed as freshmen at a large, public university. RESULTS Mixture modeling identified five trajectory groups that differed in baseline levels of impulsivity and developmental patterns of change. Notably, the trajectory group that exhibited the sharpest declines in impulsivity tended to display accelerated decreases in alcohol involvement from ages 18 to 25 compared to the other impulsivity groups. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the developmental nature of impulsivity across emerging and young adulthood and provide an empirical framework to identify key covariates of individual changes of impulsivity.
CTree: comparison of clusters between phylogenetic trees made easy

SUMMARY CTree has been designed for the quantification of clusters within viral phylogenetic tree topologies. Clusters are stored as individual data structures from which statistical data, such as the Subtype Diversity Ratio (SDR), Subtype Diversity Variance (SDV) and pairwise distances can be extracted. This simplifies the quantification of tree topologies in relation to inter- and intra-cluster diversity. Here the novel features incorporated within CTree, including the implementation of a heuristic algorithm for identifying clusters, are outlined along with the more usual features found within general tree viewing software. AVAILABILITY CTree is available as an executable jar file from: http://www.manchester. ac.uk/bioinformatics/ctree
Cross-Industry Dimensionality of the Commitment to Change Scale in China

Commitment to organizational change can explain a range of employees' attitudes and behaviors during organizational change, and its measurement is central to explaining such organizational linkages. The purpose of this study is to re-examine the dimensionality of Herscovitch and Meyer's Commitment to Change Scale across two different industrial samples in a non-Western cultural context (China). The two samples were 198 civil servants (60.0% men; M age = 29.3 yr., M organizational tenure = 62.7 mo.) and 442 high-tech company employees (58.2% men; M age = 30.5 yr., M organizational tenure = 66.5 mo.) who had respectively undergone major changes in compensation and performance appraisal systems in their organizations at the time of the research. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that a four-factor model with 14 items fit the data best in both samples. The generality of the scale's structure as well as its implications for change-management practices are discussed.
Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in young infants.

A prospective study of a pertussis outbreak in a residential facility was done. Among 19 residents aged < or = 2 years, 10 children were unimmunized and 9 were immunized with acellular pertussis vaccines. Of the 10 unimmunized children, 7 acquired laboratory-confirmed pertussis (four-fold titer rise, positive culture, or both); of these, 6 developed typical symptoms. Eight of the 9 immunized children acquired laboratory-confirmed infections, and 1 of these developed typical symptoms. No difference in infection was noted between the unimmunized and immunized groups (7/10 vs. 8/9, respectively), but a significant difference was observed in the development of symptoms (6/10 vs. 1/9, P < .05). Also, the isolation rate of Bordetella pertussis seemed to differ between the two groups (6/10 vs. 2/9, P = .12). In this population, acellular pertussis vaccine did not prevent infection with B. pertussis but protected most young infants from the onset of clinical symptoms.
A longitudinal study of patients with severe developmental disorders of language learning.

Longitudinal data on 28 children diagnosed during the past decade as aphasic are reported. These subjects have been involved in a series of studies on the biological, psychological, social, and linguistic correlates of neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. Results reveal that half this group of children with severe language deficits evidence some features similar to autism. Progress in language and behavioral areas is generally modest at best, although a few subjects make great gains. Children with and without autistic characteristics who have some strengths in the comprehension of language tend to make gains in social engagement, even if social skills were very poor to begin with. The implications of these; findings for research into the natural history of developmental language disorders are discussed.
Ductus Venosus S‐Wave/Isovolumetric A‐Wave (SIA) Index and A‐Wave Reversed Flow in Severely Premature Growth‐Restricted Fetuses

Objective. Ductus venosus (DV) Doppler waveforms show 2 periods of decreased velocity during iso‐volumetric relaxation (isovolumetric relaxation velocity [IRV]) and atrial contraction (A wave or end‐diastolic velocity [EDV]). In intrauterine growth‐restricted (IUGR) fetuses, both may become abnormal. The hypothesis for this study was that in severely premature IUGR fetuses, Doppler assessment of both the IRV and EDV allows a more accurate prediction of fetal outcome than absent/reversed end‐diastolic flow (A/REDF) alone. Methods. Ductus venosus Doppler waveforms were serially studied in 49 severely premature IUGR fetuses from diagnosis until death or delivery. The DV waveforms were assessed for peak systolic velocity (PSV), IRV, and EDV and qualitatively for forward end‐diastolic flow or A/REDF. The S‐wave/isovolumetric A‐wave (SIA) index [PSV/(IRV + EDV)] for each fetus was compared to fetal/neonatal outcomes. Results. There were 8 cases of fetal death (FD), 9 cases of neonatal death (ND), and 32 cases of neonatal survival (NS). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the SIA index in all cases showed that values less than −1.25 correlated with FD and those greater than −1.25 correlated with live birth, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A second ROC curve of live births showed that values less than 2.07 correlated with NS and those greater than 2.07 correlated with ND with 67% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Ductus venosus A/REDF correlated with FD, ND, and NS with sensitivity values of 88%, 78%, and 32%, respectively. Of the 32 NSs, 11 (34%) had A/REDF with a median of 11 days before delivery. Conclusions. The SIA index is a novel Doppler parameter for assessment of severely premature IUGR fetuses that allows a much more accurate prediction of fetal outcome compared to A/REDF alone.
Cheddar Cheese from Cow Milk with Elevated Conjugated Linoleic Acid Levels

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of feed management on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level in milk and subsequently on fatty acid profile of cheese. Twenty cows were divided into 2 groups, fed on grass silage and pasture feed with sunflower supplementation for 14 days. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for composition and fatty acid profile using gas chromatograph. Cheddar cheese was manufactured from both milk types and ripened for 120 days. During ripening, it was analyzed for composition and fatty acid quantification. The supplemented diet significantly increased the CLA content in milk. Similarly the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in Cheddar cheese were more than twofold in case of supplemented diet as compared to grass silage. During ripening, CLA concentration remained stable. The sunflower supplementation showed no effect on cheese composition. Hence, supplemented pasture resulted in elevated CLA content in milk compared to grass silage.
High-Level Expression of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Messenger RNA in Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, and Benign Neurogenic Tumors among Musculoskeletal Tumors

Purpose: The sensitivity of human tumor tissues to infection with recombinant adenoviruses correlates with the expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). CAR has been shown to function as the primary receptor for adenoviruses and to play a critical role in adenovirus entry into host cells. It is important for clinical gene therapy to determine the expression level of CAR in tumor tissues. Experimental Design: We analyzed the expression of CAR mRNA in 154 musculoskeletal tumor tissues from 154 patients and 10 normal mesenchymal tissues from 3 patients using reverse transcription-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. An adenovirus infection assay was performed in two cell lines that were established from CAR-positive osteosarcoma tissue and CAR-negative malignant fibrous histiocytoma tissue. Results: Ninety-nine of 154 tumors were detected as CAR positive by reverse transcription-PCR. We found that the expression levels of CAR mRNA varied markedly between different tumors as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. CAR mRNA was expressed at high levels in osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, neurofibroma, and schwannoma; at intermediate levels in exostosis, giant cell tumor, liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and hemangioma; and at low levels in alveolar soft part sarcoma and desmoid. Whereas the osteosarcoma cell line that expressed a high level of CAR mRNA, like its parent tumor, had a high efficiency of adenovirus infection, the malignant fibrous histiocytoma cell line with almost undetectable expression of CAR mRNA, like its parent tumor, had a low efficiency of infection. Conclusions: Our data showed the great variations in CAR mRNA expression among human musculoskeletal tumors and mesenchymal tissues and implicated the potential usefulness of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy for osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, neurofibroma, and schwannoma. Efficient transduction with adenovirus for gene therapy could be realized in appropriate, sensitive tumor types.
Towards the new Similarity Measures in Application of Machine Learning Techniques on Agriculture Dataset

k-Nearest Neighbor is a simple and effective classification method. The primary idea of this method is to calculate the distance from a query point to all of classified data points and make choice of a class which occurs maximum time in k closest neighbors. The Euclidean distance and cosine similarity the common choice for similarity metric among all the similarity measures. Apart from Euclidean and Cosine there are various similarity measures available and being used to calculate similarity in n-dimension vector space model for classification. Similarity calculation is complex operation and computationally need high time if vector dimension increases. Hence this paper explores the usefulness of nine different similarity measures in kNN and presents their experimental results on agriculture dataset. We also compared the time required to finish the classification task and concluded that I-divergence is taking minimum time compared to these algorithms.