Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Should I stay or should I go? Parental struggles when witnessing resuscitative measures on another child in the pediatric intensive care unit*

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of parents encountering the critical deterioration and resuscitative care of other children in the pediatric intensive care unit where their own child was admitted. Design: Grounded theory qualitative methodology. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit of a pediatric tertiary care center in Montreal, Canada. Subjects: Ten parents of critically ill children who witnessed resuscitative measures on another child. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Semistructured interviews were conducted. While witnessing resuscitation, parents struggled with “Should I stay or should I go? ” Their decision depended on specific contributing factors that were intrinsic to parents (curiosity or apprehension, the child's sake, trust or distrust) or extrinsic (limited space). These parents were not “spectators. ” Despite using coping strategies, the experiences were distressing in the majority of cases, although sometimes comforting. The impact on witnessing critical events had divergent effects on parental trust with healthcare professionals. Conclusions: Pediatric intensive care unit teams have to be attentive to the benefits and burdens for parents to be present when resuscitative measures are required for another child to arrange for the provision of psychosocial support by pediatric intensive care unit physicians, nurses, and/or psychosocial consultants.
Virtual environments in cancer care: Pilot-testing a three-dimensional web-based platform as a tool for support in young cancer patients

Bringing virtual environments into cancer support may offer a particular potential to engage patients and increase adherence to treatment. Developing and pilot-testing an online real-time multi-user three-dimensional platform, this study tested the use of an early prototype of the platform among adolescent and young adult cancer patients. Data were collected with an online questionnaire and using ethnographic methods of participant observation. The adolescent and young adult patients tested basic features of the virtual environment and some conducted brief in-world interactions with fellow patients during hospitalization. They had no reservations about using the technology and shared their ideas about its use. Our pilot test pointed to a number of areas of development for virtual environment applications as potential platforms for medical or behavioral interventions in cancer care. Overall, the results demonstrate the need for high user involvement in the development of such interventions and early testing of intervention designs.
THE INFLUENCE OF BARBITURATE ANAESTHESIA UPON THE ENERGY STATE AND UPON ACID‐BASE PARAMETERS OF THE BRAIN IN ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION AND IN ASPHYXIA

The influence of barbiturate anaesthesia upon the energy and acid‐base metabolism of the brain was studied in arterial hypotension and in asphyxia by measuring the tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, AMP, lactate, pyruvate, and bicarbonate. Intracellular lactate and pyruvate concentrations were derived after corrections for the lactate and pyruvate contained in the blood and extracellular fluid volumes of the tissue. Barbiturate anaesthesia was found to have a protective effect during arterial hypotension but not during total asphyxia.
Drinking your troubles away. II: An attention-allocation model of alcohol's effect on psychological stress.

Two experiments examined an attention-allocation model of alcohol's effect on psychological stress (Steele, Southwick, & Pagano, 1986). On the basis of this model, it was hypothesized that alcohol's impairment of information processing, coupled with the demands of distracting activity, would reduce anxiety over an upcoming stressful event by making it harder to allocate attention to thoughts about the event. Alcohol intoxication without a distracting activity was not expected to have an anxiety-reducing effect but possibly to increase anxiety by narrowing and constraining attention to the imminent stressor. Finally, the distracting activity in this experiment, without intoxication, was not expected to reduce anxiety. The present experiments tested this reasoning by crossing whether or not subjects had received alcohol (dose of 1 ml/kg) with whether they rated art slides or did nothing during the period prior to an expected stressful speech. As predicted, being intoxicated and rating slides reduced subjects' anxiety over the speech significantly more than any other condition in both experiments; being intoxicated and doing nothing significantly increased subjects' anxiety compared with the other conditions, but only when the data from both experiments were combined. Activity alone bad no anxiety-reducing effect. These results are discussed as (a) supporting the role of cognitive impairment and attention allocation in mediating alcohol's anxiety-reducing effects, (b) clarifying conditions under which alcohol can increase anxiety, and (c) demonstrating the importance of activity in mediating the variability of alcohol's tension-reducing effects. It is not a sudden feeling. It slips up on you. The host hands you the glass. Your tongue, mouth, and throat experience a familiar flavor, a strong, attention-grabbing flavor, one that seems capable of altering your chemistry. You move on, sipping this flavor, talking to friends, acquaintances. Shortly, your immediate experience begins to take on a certain intensity. The present seems to move to the foreground of awareness. Thoughts about the past, the future, problems, and anxieties recede in awareness. They become more difficult to retrieve and hang onto. It is the presentmthe conversations, the salient events and thoughts--that reigns over awareness. The sipping continues, as if to further intensify the present, to further draw out its distinction from the rest of experience, to leave the rest behind. Like being on a raft that has shoved off from the bank, there is a lifting feeling of having broken away. Nearly everyone has experienced effects like these from drinking alcohol--a forgetting of worries, a relief from anxiety over upcoming events, intensified positive mood, and so on. It is thus easy to imagine that these effects of alcohol constitute
TURBULENT MOLECULAR GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN THE SHOCKED INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM OF STEPHAN ’ S QUINTET

We report on single-dish radio CO observations towards the i nter-galactic medium (IGM) of the Stephan’s Quintet (hereafter SQ) compact group of galaxies. Extremel y bright mid-IR H2 rotational line emission (L(H2) ≈ 1035 W) from warm (102−3 K) molecular gas has been detected by the Spitzersatellite in the kpcscale shock created by a collision between a galaxy, NGC 7318 b, and NGC 7319’s tidal arm. We detect in the IGM CO(1-0), (2-1) and (3-2) line emission with complex profi les, spanning a velocity range of ≈ 1000 km s−1. Assuming a Galactic CO(1-0) emission to H 2 mass conversion factor, a total H 2 mass of≈ 5×10M⊙ is detected in the shock. Note that this mass could be lower by a fac tor of a few because of the large uncertainties on the CO to H2 conversion factor. The molecular gas carries a large fracti on of the gas kinetic energy involved in the collision, meaning that this energy has not been thermal ized yet. The kinetic energy of the H 2 gas derived from CO observations is comparable to that of the warm H 2 gas derived fromSpitzerIRS observations. The turbulent kinetic energy of the H 2 gas is at least a factor of 5 greater than the thermal energy of the hot plasma heated by the collision. The spectra exhibit the pre-shock r e ession velocities of the two colliding gas systems (5700 and 6700 km s −1), but also intermediate velocities. This shows that some of the molecular gas originates from the cooling of post-shock gas, which had time to cool and be accelerated by the shock. CO emission is also detected in a bridge feature that connects the shock to t he Seyfert member of the group, NGC 7319, and in the northern star forming region, SQ-A, where a new veloci ty component is identified at 6900 km s −1, in addition to the two velocity components already known. Spitzer IRSmid-IR spectral mapping is used to estimate the warm H2 masses and excitation at the positions observed in radio. Th e ratio between the warm H 2 mass and the H2 mass derived from CO fluxes is 0 . 23±0.07 in the IGM of SQ, which is 10− 100 times higher than in star-forming galaxies. We suggest that the dissipation o f turbulent kinetic energy maintain a high heating rate within the H2 gas. This interpretation implies that the velocity dispers ion on the scale of giant molecular clouds in SQ is an order of magnitude larger than the Galactic value. This may explain why this gas is not forming stars efficiently. Subject headings: Galaxies: clusters: individual: Stephan’s Quintet – galax ies: interactions – galaxies: ISM – intergalactic medium
On the efficiency of sporadic servers on ethernet with FTT-SE

Ethernet is generating a growing interest as a network for real-time embedded systems such as airplanes and automobiles. In this realm, network reservations appear as important design elements that favor composability in the time domain. One Ethernet protocol that provides such reservations is FTT-SE. In this work-in-progress we make initial steps to assess the efficiency of one particular worst-case network delay analysis for sporadic reservations associated to asynchronous messages using extensive simulation. With over 1000 message sets we found that analytic values match the observations, on average, in 31% of the messages across all generated sets whereas for 85% of the cases, the analysis upper bounds are within 2.85 times the observed values.
Reconstruction and future trends of the AIDS epidemic in the United States.

There has been considerable uncertainty in estimates of past and current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rates in the United States. Statistical estimates of historical infection rates can be obtained from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence data and the incubation period. However, this approach is subject to a number of sources of uncertainty and two other approaches, epidemic models of HIV transmission and surveys of HIV prevalence, are used to corroborate and refine the statistical estimates. Analyses suggest the HIV infection rate in the United States grew rapidly in the early 1980s, peaked in the mid-1980s, and subsequently declined markedly. Due both to the decline in the underlying infection rate and to the development of effective therapies that may delay AIDS diagnosis, overall AIDS incidence may plateau during the next 5 years. However, the number of individuals with advanced HIV disease without a diagnosis of AIDS who could potentially benefit from therapy is expected to increase 40% by 1995 as infected individuals progress to more advanced stages of HIV disease. Thus, although the overall HIV infection rate has declined, the demands on the U.S. health care system for treatment and care of HIV-infected individuals remain enormous.
An Autobiographical Study

Freud approved the overall editorial plan, specific renderings of key words and phrases, and the addition of valuable notes, from bibliographical and explanatory. Many of the translations were done by Strachey himself; the rest were prepared under his supervision. The result was to place the Standard Edition in a position of unquestioned supremacy over all other existing versions.Newly designed in a uniform format, each new paperback in the Standard Edition opens with a biographical essay on Freud's life and work-along with a note on the individual volume-by Peter Gay, Sterling Professor of History at Yale.
Value of laparoscopic ultrasonography in staging of proximal bile duct tumors

The additional value of laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated prospectively in 35 patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for a suspected potentially resectable proximal bile duct tumor. Findings were compared with transabdominal ultrasonography, laparoscopy, surgery, and pathology. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was able to visualize the presence and origin of small bile duct tumors or stones and small liver metastases, which could not be seen or could be visualized only doubtfully by ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was more useful in staging of small tumors of the gallbladder or proximal common bile duct than in staging bifurcation (Klatskin) tumors. Additional information provided by laparoscopic ultrasonography led to a change in diagnosis or tumor stage in eight patients (23%) and to avoidance of laparotomy in three patients (9%).
Involvement of surface polysaccharides in the organic acid resistance of Shiga Toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H7

In general, wild Escherichia coli strains can grow effectively under moderately acidic organic acid‐rich conditions. We found that the Shiga Toxin‐producing E. coli (STEC) O157:H7 NGY9 grows more quickly than a K‐12 strain in Luria–Bertani (LB)‐2‐morpholinoethanesulphonic acid (MES) broth supplemented with acetic acid (pH 5.4). Hypothesizing that the resistance of STEC O157:H7 to acetic acid is as a result of a mechanism(s) other than those known, we screened for STEC mutants sensitive to acetic acid. NGY9 was subjected to mini‐Tn5 mutagenesis and, from 50 000 colonies, five mutants that showed a clear acetic acid‐sensitive phenotype were isolated. The insertion of mini‐Tn5 in three mutants occurred at the fcl, wecA (rfe) and wecB (rffE) genes and caused loss of surface O‐polysaccharide, loss of both O‐polysaccharide and enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) and loss of ECA respectively. The other two mutants showed inactivation of the waaG (rfaG) gene but at different positions that caused a deep rough mutant with loss of the outer core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as phenotypic loss of O‐polysaccharide and ECA. With the introduction of plasmids carrying the fcl, wecA, wecB and waaG genes, respectively, all mutants were complemented in their production of O‐polysaccharide and ECA, and normal growth was restored in organic acid‐rich culture conditions. We also found that the growth of Salmonella LPS mutants Ra, Rb1, Rc, Rd1, Rd2 and Re was suppressed in the presence of acetic acid compared with that of the parents. These results suggest that the full expression of LPS (including O‐polysaccharide) and ECA is indispensable to the resistance against acetic acid and other short chain fatty acids in STEC O157:H7 and Salmonella. To the best of our knowledge, this is a newly identified physiological role for O‐polysaccharide and ECA as well as an acid resistance mechanism.
Thoracoabdominal motion in newborns during ventilation delivered by endotracheal tube or nasal prongs

Preterm infants have asynchronous thoracoabdominal motion (TAM) secondary to a highly compliant chest wall and different lung mechanics compared to term infants. We compared TAM during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered through an endotracheal tube (ETT‐CPAP) or nasal prongs (nasal‐CPAP), and during synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation administered by nasal prongs (nasal‐SIMV) in 14 preterm newborn infants. Asynchrony of TAM was quantified by measuring relative motion of chest wall and abdomen with strain gauges and calculating phase angles (θ).
Aprobabilistic interpretationof set-membershipfiltering : application to polynomial systems throughpolytopic bounding ⋆

Set-membership estimation is usually formulated in the context of set-valued calculus and no probabilistic calculations are necessary. In this paper, we show that set-membership estimation can be equivalently formulated in the probabilistic setting by employing sets of probability measures. Inference in set-membership estimation is thus carried out by computing expectations with respect to the updated set of probability measures P as in the probabilistic case. In particular, it is shown that inference can be performed by solving a particular semi-infinite linear programming problem, which is a special case of the truncated moment problem in which only the zero-th order moment is known (i.e., the support). By writing the dual of the above semiinfinite linear programming problem, it is shown that, if the nonlinearities in the measurement and process equations are polynomial and if the bounding sets for initial state, process and measurement noises are described by polynomial inequalities, then an approximation of this semi-infinite linear programming problem can efficiently be obtained by using the theory of sumof-squares polynomial optimization. We then derive a smart greedy procedure to compute a polytopic outer-approximation of the true membership-set, by computing the minimum-volume polytope that outer-bounds the set that includes all the means computed with respect to P .
Automated measurement of "pressure times time dose" of intracranial hypertension best predicts outcome after severe traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND Earlier, more accurate assessment of secondary brain injury is essential in management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We assessed the accuracy and utility of high-resolution automated intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) recording and their analysis in patients with severe TBI. METHODS ICP and CPP data for 30 severe TBI patients were collected automatically at 6-second intervals. The degree and duration of ICP and CPP above and below treatment thresholds were calculated as "pressure times time dose" (PTD; mm Hg . h) using automated recordings (PTDa) or manual recordings (PTDm) for early stage (trauma resuscitation unit [TRU]) and total monitoring time (TRU and intensive care unit). RESULTS Bland-Altman plots showed lack of agreement between PTDa and PTDm. For ICP >20 mm Hg and CPP <60 mm Hg, PTDa, but not PTDm, was significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcome (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score <or=4) than in patients with favorable outcome (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score >4). Total PTDa for ICP >20 mm Hg and CPP <60 mm Hg had high predictive power for functional outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.92 +/- 0.05 and 0.82 +/- 0.08, respectively) and inhospital mortality (0.76 +/- 0.15 and 0.79 +/- 0.14, respectively) and were strongly correlated with length of intensive care unit stay (p = 0.009 and 0.007), length of hospital stay (p = 0.009 and 0.005), and discharge Glasgow Coma Scale scores (p = 0.008 and p = 0.038). PTDa of CPP >100 mm Hg during TRU monitoring and during the first 24 hours showed highest predictive power for mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.72 +/- 0.18 and 0.85 +/- 0.13, respectively). PTDa was better than PTDm and the duration of episodes alone in predicting outcome. CONCLUSIONS PTD calculation of high resolution ICP and CPP recording is a reliable and feasible way of monitoring severe TBI patients.
The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy

Experiential phenomena occurring in spontaneous seizures or evoked by brain stimulation were reported by 18 of 29 patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy who were investigated with chronic, stereotaxically implanted intracerebral electrodes. The phenomena mainly consisted of perceptual (visual or auditory) hallucinations or illusions, memory flashbacks, illusions of familiarity, forced thinking, or emotions. Experiential phenomena did not occur unless a seizure discharge or electrical stimulation involved limbic structures. For such phenomena to occur, seizure discharge or electrical stimulation did not have to implicate temporal neocortex. This was true even for perceptual experiential phenomena. Many experiential responses elicited by electrical stimulation, particularly when applied to the amygdala, were not associated with electrical afterdischarge. Limbic activation by seizure discharge or electrical stimulation may add an affective dimension to perceptual and mnemonic data processed by the temporal neocortex, which may be required for endowing them with experiential immediacy.
Computerized ultrasound B‐scan texture analysis of experimental diffuse parenchymal liver disease: Correlation with histopathology and tissue composition

By means of statistical pattern recognition procedures, a quantitative description of the ultrasound B‐scan images of experimental diffuse liver disease has been carried out. Fatty livers, fatty fibrosis/cirrhosis, and cirrhosis without fatty infiltration of the liver were studied in female Wistar rats. Separation accuracies of more than 80% between the tissue classes “normal” vs “fatty infiltration,” or “normal” vs “fatty cirrhosis,” using only two statistical image parameters were found. A subclassification of the diffuse parenchymal liver disease was not possible. It is shown by multiple linear regression analysis that the image parameter “mean grey level” correlates better with total lipid content than with the amount of connective tissue. Furthermore it is demonstrated that connective tissue leads only to a weak increase in “mean grey level,” whereas the addition of connective tissue to a given tissue lipid can lead to a reduction in image brightness.
Assessing Corneal Hysteresis Using the Ocular Response Analyzer

Purpose. An examination of studies that have assessed corneal biomechanical performance using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA: Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY) raises some questions regarding the influence of measurement variables and the interpretation of the findings obtained with this instrument. This analysis of those questions describes additional factors which do or may contribute to the assessment of corneal hysteresis (CH). Methods. Using key words CH and ORA, English language articles relevant to this analysis were selected after a PubMed search with the addition of some articles referenced in the selected publications. Results. Corneal thickness, the level of edema, intraocular pressure, and corneal temperature as well as the area, location, rate, duration, and sequence of corneal unloading and loading may need to be considered as significant variables when assessing CH. Conclusions. CH values may be specific to measurement method and conditions rather than representing an unequivocal corneal property. Consideration of the uncontrolled variables involved may help explain some of the findings obtained with the ORA. That a CH measurement might vary with the sequence of unloading and loading suggests that the ORA CH finding may not represent the CH, but instead represents a hysteresis value better described as central, applanation-derived hysteresis, which is based on a very short unloading/loading sequence. The potential for the ORA to contribute to improved clinical management appears to be considerable but so does the need for better understanding and further development of its functions and applications.
A short diagnostic delay is more important for rectal cancer than for colonic cancer.

OBJECTIVE To study the association between a short diagnostic delay and tumour stage in patients with colonic and rectal cancer. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Multicentre study, Sweden. PATIENTS 336 patients with colonic, and 218 patients with rectal cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence and duration of symptoms, delay in diagnosis, and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS Patients with rectal cancer and a delay of less than a month between start of symptoms and diagnosis included a significantly larger proportion of Dukes' A tumours than patients with a longer delay (p = 0.004). Delay in patients with colonic cancer did not correlate with stage. CONCLUSION A short delay in the diagnosis of rectal cancer was associated with better staging. This could not be shown for colonic cancer, which may be attributable to its initially vague symptoms and to a subgroup of highly malignant tumours with rapidly progressive symptoms.