Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) The impact of conventional and novel metaphor in news on

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Long-term effects of competition on coral growth and sweeper tentacle development

Outcomes of competition between corals vary temporally and spatially, and depend in part on the agonistic mechanism involved. Competition may impact coral growth, reproduction and energy reserves, however few experimental studies have quantified these effects. We conducted a 1 yr laboratory experiment on competition between 2 massive corals, Platygyra daedalea and Favites complanata. Colonies of P. daedalea developed sweeper tentacles and extensively damaged the F. complanata colonies, causing them to loose ca. 55% of their soft tissue and eventually killing 30% of F. complanata colonies. Skeletal accretion rate varied widely among corals within each treatment, and correlated negatively with the percent tissue damaged on competing colonies of F. complanata. On isolated control colonies, sweeper tentacles developed randomly throughout the year, and then reverted back to feeding tentacles. They appeared to serve as probes to detect the approach of com- petitors. Development of sweeper tentacles is a powerful aggressive/defensive mechanism that may enable brain corals to dominate some reef areas in the Indo-Pacific region.
ELMoLex: Connecting ELMo and Lexicon Features for Dependency Parsing

In this paper, we present the details of the neural dependency parser and the neural tagger submitted by our team ‘ParisNLP’ to the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task on parsing from raw text to Universal Dependencies. We augment the deep Biaffine (BiAF) parser (Dozat and Manning, 2016) with novel features to perform competitively: we utilize an indomain version of ELMo features (Peters et al., 2018) which provide context-dependent word representations; we utilize disambiguated, embedded, morphosyntactic features from lexicons (Sagot, 2018), which complements the existing feature set. Henceforth, we call our system ‘ELMoLex’. In addition to incorporating character embeddings, ELMoLex benefits from pre-trained word vectors, ELMo and morphosyntactic features (whenever available) to correctly handle rare or unknown words which are prevalent in languages with complex morphology. ELMoLex ranked 11th by Labeled Attachment Score metric (70.64%), Morphology-aware LAS metric (55.74%) and ranked 9th by Bilexical dependency metric (60.70%).
Stable isotopes' as trophic tracers: combining field sampling and manipulative labelling of food resources for macrobenthos

We combined 3 different approaches to determine the relative importance of micro- phytobenthos production as food for intertidal macrobenthic animals: (1) the natural abundance of stable-isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen, (2) an in situ deliberate tracer addition of 13 C-bicarbonate, which was transferred through the benthic food chain after its incorporation by benthic algae, and (3) a dual labelling experiment in a flume, where pelagic and benthic algae were labelled with 15 N and 13 C, respectively. The results of the 3 approaches confirmed the high importance of microphytobenthos as a food source for (surface) deposit feeders. Despite the clearly demonstrated resuspension of benthic algae at high current velocities, suspension feeders appeared to depend almost exclusively on pelagic algae (and possibly detrital carbon) as a food source. Based on the results of the experiments, we determined an approximate degree of dependence on microphytobenthos for different species of intertidal macrobenthos. The macrobenthic biomass at 5 study locations, when weighted by these coefficients, correlated very well with measured productivity of the microphytobenthos.
Consumer Acceptance of Functional Foods in Ho Chi Minh City

The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate the underlying factors affecting consumer acceptance of functional foods. The contribution of this study is to better understand customer willingness to buy such products in Ho Chi Minh City by shedding light on how socio-demographic, cognitive and attitudinal determinants affect consumer's choices of foods. We conducted a survey using 217 respondents from Ho Chi Minh City. Next, we develop a binary-probit model to quantify the impact of each factor on consumer acceptance. The results show that having a sick relative, beliefs in health benefits positively affect acceptance level. Other than that, old people in Ho Chi Minh City tend to reject the use of functional foods. However, when they are provided with enough knowledge, they are the most intensive buyers of these products. Implications and further researches are also discussed.
ADAPTATION OF COMMERCIAL YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE SC90 TO TOLERATE INHIBITORS GENERATED DURING CASSAVA PULP HYDROLYSIS

The pretreatment step of cellulosic ethanol production generates inhibitory compounds that affect the performance of fermenting microorganisms, and subsequently causes reductions in ethanol yield and productivity. Several researches in ethanol production from second generation feedstocks have therefore focused on the detoxification of inhibitors to increase the efficiency of the ethanol production. The adaptation of the microorganisms to inhibitors presented in raw material hydrolysate is one of the biotechnology routes to improve ethanol yield without any detoxification treatments. The purpose of this work was to adapt Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC90 to improve its ability to ferment toxic cassava pulp hydrolysate pretreated with diluted acid (1 N HCl). The initial total sugar of cassava pulp hydrolysate was 49.79 + 0.76 g/l. The 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v) of hydrolysate were prepared from the initial cassava pulp hydrolysate for the adaptation procedure. The total sugar concentration in all the diluted hydrolysate was adjusted to 50 g/l using glucose and supplemented with 1 g/l yeast extract, 2 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/l KH2PO4, and 1 g/l MgSO4.7H2O and the pH was adjusted to 5.5. The yeast cells were subcultured twice in the same hydrolysate dilution similar numbers of initial cells were transferred to a more concentrated hydrolysate. Adapted yeast cells from 100% (v/v) of hydrolysate supplemented with nutrient sources and non-adapted cells (the control) were investigated. The growth and fermentation potentials were compared. The adapted cells showed an improvement in sugar utilization and cell viability compared with those of the non-adapted cells. Consequently, the ethanol yield of the adapted cells was improved. These results indicated that the adaptation of the yeast cells to overcome the inhibitory effects of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate could improve the productivity and ethanol yield.
Male-biased sexual size dimorphism in the nest building corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops): implications for a size regulated fishery

Kim Tallaksen Halvorsen*, Tonje Knutsen Sørdalen, Caroline Durif, Halvor Knutsen, Esben Moland Olsen, Anne Berit Skiftesvik, Torborg Emmerhoff Rustand, Reidun Marie Bjelland, and Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392 Storebø, Norway Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway Institute of Marine Research Flødevigen, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: þ47 40016601; fax: +47 38141699; e-mail: kim.a. halvorsen@uia.no Halvorsen, K. T. , Sørdalen, T. K. , Durif, C. , Knutsen, H. , Olsen, E. M. , Skiftesvik, A. B. , Rustand, T. E. , Bjelland, R. M. , and Vøllestad, L. Asbjør. Male-biased sexual size dimorphism in the nest building corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops): implications for a size regulated fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsw135.
New Heat Transfer Correlation for an HCCI Engine Derived from Measurements of Instantaneous Surface Heat Flux

An experimental study has been carried out to provide qualitative and quantitative insight into gas to wall heat transfer in a gasoline fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. Fast response thermocouples are embedded in the piston top and cylinder head surface to measure instantaneous wall temperature and heat flux. Heat flux measurements obtained at multiple locations show small spatial variations, thus confirming relative uniformity of incylinder conditions in a HCCI engine operating with premixed charge. Consequently, the spatially-averaged heat flux represents well the global heat transfer from the gas to the combustion chamber walls in the premixed HCCI engine, as confirmed through the gross heat release analysis. Heat flux measurements were used for assessing several existing heat transfer correlations. One of the most popular models, the Woschni expression, was shown to be inadequate for the HCCI engine. The problem is traced back to the flame propagation term which is not appropriate for the HCCI combustion. Subsequently, a modified model is proposed which significantly improves the prediction of heat transfer in a gasoline HCCI engine and shows very good agreement over a range of conditions.
Nonrandom, Size‐ and Timing‐Biased Breeding in a Hatchery Population of Steelhead Trout

Abstract: Hatcheries have been built and operated to buffer salmon and trout populations from overfishing and to compensate for habitat lost or degraded by human activities. These facilities are now so prevalent that in some cases hatchery‐produced salmon outnumber salmon produced in the wild. By default, this makes them an important component in the current ecology and evolution of salmonids. Hatcheries differ from natural environments in many ways, and among the most fundamental is the necessity that humans select fish for breeding instead of allowing natural processes of mate choice and competition. We examined the mating system for steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Forks Creek Hatchery in southwest Washington and investigated factors affecting selection of individual steelhead for spawning by the hatchery staff. Despite efforts by the staff to not spawn selectively, data on steelhead spawned over 7 years revealed selection for large adult body size and early reproductive timing and a tendency for size‐assortative mating (i.e., large with large). Selection on size was related to selection on reproductive timing because early returning fish tended to be larger than those returning later. To improve the fitness of both hatchery fish destined to spawn in the wild and hatchery fish designated to be spawned in the hatchery, a better understanding of factors associated with the range of reproductive success and mate‐choice mechanisms in the wild is vital. This knowledge may then be applied to artificial propagation programs designed for conservation or enhancement.
The R^2 and the Seven Events in Hong Kong: A New Look at Return Synchronicity and Price Efficiency

This paper identifies a dilemma in the relationship between R^2 and price efficiency: After comprehensively studying the R^2 change around 7 well-known corporate events, neither the traditional understanding of R^2 as price inefficiency, nor the behavioral way of R^2 as price efficiency can explain the observed R^2 change around the events. We adopt an alternative methodology to replace the standard difference-in-difference regression and directly decompose the R^2 change. We find that, due to the endogeneity of events, the changes of R^2 are over-estimated. We further propose that in the event study setting, the R^2 change may be simply the consequence of the inflow/outflow of some trend-chasing investors, and it may be detached from price (in) efficiency. Empirical evidences are consistent with this hypothesis.
Adjusting a primary survival model of Enteric Bacteria " E. coli " in coastal environment : Oualidia lagoon

The enteric bacteria dispersed in coastal areas are completely depending on their environment. It has been observed that bacterial concentration decreases over time once introduced in the coastal environment (Chraibi, 1996; Chedad et Assobhei 2007). Because into coastal or marine environments, bacteria are exposed to numerous factors which cause stress (Rozen and Belkin, 2001; Chedad et Assobhei, 2007; Rippy et al., 2013). Based on a large number of laboratory studies, various physicochemical factors such as visible light, temperature, pH, Salinity, turbidity, toxicity of heavy metals, are believed to have a significant impact on bacterial mortality (Sinton et al., 2002; Noble et al, 2004; Richard et al, 2004; Chedad et Assobhei, 2007; Semenov et al., 2007). A bacterial decrease can present ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 127-139 http://www.ijcmas. com
Effects of Pruning and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) in Unwana-Afikpo

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pruning and plant spacing on the growth and yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) in Unwana-Afikpo, Ebonyi State. It was conducted as 2x3 factorial laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatment comprised of two pruning methods (pruning and non-pruning) and three different plant spacing (50cm x 40cm, 50cm x 50cm and 50cm x 60cm). Each treatment was replicated four times and the parameters measured were: vine length, number of leaves, number of flowers, days to 50% anthesis, number of fruits, weight of fruits and total yield. The results showed that spacing at 50cm x 60cm significantly increased the number of leaves and 50% anthesis. Spacing at 50cm x 60cm was the adequate measurement for minimizing days to 50% flowering (37.19 days) and maximizing total number of fruits (2.94), weight of fruits (3.03kg) and total yield (7.57kg/ha). Plant spacing at 50cm x 40cm consistently gave the least values in all the yield parameters measured except on the number of fruits. The pruned plants produced the longest vine (90.14cm) number of leaves (15.78), number of flowers (10.31) and number of fruits (2.63). It is recommended that farmers in Unwana-Afikpo should use the spacing 50cm x 60cm and adopt pruning as one of the cultural practices in raising the crop for maximum production.
Rebel Capacity, Intelligence Gathering, and the Timing of Combat Operations∗

Classic theories of counterinsurgency claim rebel forces execute attacks in an unpredictable manner to limit the government’s ability to anticipate and defend against them. We study a model of combat and information-gathering during an irregular insurgency. We test empirical implications of the model using newly declassified military records from Afghanistan that include highly detailed information about rebel attacks and counterinsurgent operations, including close air support missions, bomb neutralizations, and covert government-led surveillance activity. Our conflict microdata also include previously unreleased information about insurgent-led spy networks, where rebels monitor troop movement and military base activity, as well as military base infiltration and insider attacks. We couple these data with granular information on opium production and farmgate prices. Consistent with our simple theoretical model, we find that the capacity (wealth) of local rebel units influences the timing of their attacks. As rebels gather more resources, their attacks become temporally concentrated in a manner that is distinguishable from randomized combat. This main effect is significantly enhanced in areas where rebels have the capacity to spy on and infiltrate military installations. Taken together, these findings suggest economic shocks that increase the capacity of insurgents may influence the timing of rebel attacks through the acquisition of precise information about military weaknesses. ∗For advice and comments, we thank Peter Deffebach, Francois Libois, Kyle Pizzey, Mehdi Shadmehr, Oliver Vanden Eynde, and Liam Wren-Lewis. This material is based in part upon work supported by the Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts. Eli Berman, Ethan Bueno de Mesquita, and Jacob Shapiro are owed a particular debt of gratitude for their support of this and related projects. Maria Ballesteros, Connie Guo, Lana Kugli, Michelle Liang, Yonatan Litwin, Paul Soltys, and Julian Waugh provided excellent research assistance. †Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Emails: ksonin@uchicago.edu, jarnicaew@uchicago.edu, and austinlw@uchicago.edu (corresponding author).
Molecular Genetic Technology

molecular genetic chromosome karyotype mosaicism uniparental disomy cell-free fetal DNA amniocentesis chorionic villus sampling carrier screening genotype sequencing PCR next-generation sequencing noninvasive prenatal screening variant single nucleotide polymorphism copy number variant microarray comparative genomic hybridization oligonucleotide preimplantation genetic screening preimplantation genetic diagnosis embryo Abstract The collection of single nucleotide variations and copy number variants within an individual forms a genetic backdrop that influences how a person looks, grows, and physiologically responds to stressors such as a disease or medication. High-frequency sequence variants in the population are part of the normal backdrop of the human genome, and for the most part are not thought to have functional consequences. Overt genetic pathology, in contrast, usually arises from genetic variants that disrupt the normal expression or function of one or more genes. The old term mutation has been replaced by variant, which can be benign, likely benign, of unknown significance, likely pathogenic, or pathogenic. This chapter reviews the molecular (DNA-based) techniques available to detect, identify, or diagnose disease-associated as well as inconsequential genetic variants, specifically pertaining to screening and diagnostic needs during pregnancy. The extent and specificity of the resulting information depends on the source of genetic material, as well as the testing platform employed. General benefits of genetic testing include identification of disorders for which in utero treatment may provide benefit, optimization of neonatal outcomes by planning appropriate delivery staffing and location, providing family preparation for caring for a child with a genetic disorder, the option of pregnancy termination, and providing reassurance when results are normal. With rapidly developing technologies at our disposal, reproductive and obstetric professionals have a responsibility to connect patients with resources to ensure full understanding of the benefits and limitations of various screening and diagnostic options. Exciting new technologies are in development, and should continue to be held to high standards of scientific rigor and clinical validation before entering mainstream practice.
A search for seismic radiation from late slip for the December 26, 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman (Mw = 9.15) earthquake

The great 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman (Mw = 9.15) earthquake ruptured a 1300‐km‐long segment of the Sumatra‐Andaman Islands subduction zone in about nine minutes. The possibility of continued fault slip after the primary rupture has been raised by tsunami excitation models and by discrepancies between seismic slip models and geodetic observations. We examine the global seismic wavefield to identify any late seismic radiation that occurred during the first hour after the main rupture using stacking of deconvolutions and cross correlations of complete ground motion observations and point‐source responses (Green's functions). We find no evidence for delayed seismic radiation larger than Mw = 7.5. Any major slip within an hour after the main sliding with mechanism similar to the main shock involved deformation so slow that it radiated no detectable seismic waves in the body wave or surface wave passband for periods less than ∼500 s.
MEGA-INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT − INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN EAST MALAYSIA : A STUDY OF SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

Mega-development projects—such as urban renewal and infrastructure projects (multiplex housing, dams and highways)—require land, and often large quantities of that limited resource. One of the most significant consequences of such mega-projects, therefore, is upheaval and displacement of the local residents and communities. Displacement due to mega-development projects encompasses the loss of land, income and employment, social structure, traditional living patterns and culture, and control over natural resources such as forests and rivers. Resettling such displaced communities becomes a formidable challenge for social sustainability. Bakun hydroelectric dam—under the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) in Sarawak, located in the island of Borneo, East Malaysia—represents an example of development-induced displacement by a mega-infrastructure project. The Bakun hydroelectric dam project has displaced almost 10,000 people from 17,000 ha of land where they had been living for generations. Resettling those displaced communities has become a major challenge for social sustainability in terms of social justice, economy, and the environment. This research aims to understand the social challenges faced by resettled communities who are displaced by the Bakun project. To assess those challenges at different stages of the resettlement process, the Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) model is used for advocating better alternatives to ensure social sustainability. Introduction Any mega-development, such as large-scale urban renewal or infrastructure projects (multiplex housing, dams and highways), requires MEGA-INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT− INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN EAST MALAYSIA: A STUDY OF SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Reazul Ahsan
EFFECTIVENESS OF MYRRH AND SPIRAMYCIN AS INHIBITORS FOR TOXOPLASMA GONDII TACHYZOITES IN VIVO

The antitoxoplasmic activity of Spiramycin and Myrrh were evaluated in murine models of intraperitoneal infection using the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. In mice infected with 2x10 2 tachyzoites / ml, treatment with those drugs at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day had a good effect. Administration of tested drugs intraperitoneally reduced the mean number of tachyzoites present in the peritoneal fluid of experimented mice 4 days after infection, with the treatment of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of Myrrh the percentage of growth inhibitions were 96.6%, 100 % respectively, as that of the reference drug, Spiramycin, (% growth inhibitions were 96.6%, 75.9% correspondingly) compared by the control infected untreated mice.