Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening of Blackgram Varieties for Tolerance to Saline Irrigation Water

The effect of salinity in irrigation water on germination, crop stand at different stages and yield of nineteen released and pre-release varieties of blackgram was studied. Saline water with different electrical conductivities (dSm−1) viz., control (best available water-BAW), 2 E.C. , 4 E.C. and 6 E.C. was used as irrigation water for rabi blackgram crop in a non-saline sandy loam soil of Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh. It was important to observe that the different salinity levels did not affect the germination percentage of varieties tested during the two years of study. The results indicated that at 2.0 EC level, variety LBG623 recorded highest mortality rate followed by LBG-727, 17, 22 and LBG-733. Lowest mortality levels of below 10% were recorded in LBG-20, 402, 611, 648, 685, 726, 730, 733, 738 and T-9. At 4.0 EC most of the varieties registered mortality rate between 20 and 50 percent, while at this E.C. varieties LBG-22, LBG-402 and LBG-738 recorded low mortality rates. At 6.0 E.C. (dSm−1) LBG-402 and LBG-738 maintained lower mortality values during both the years of study, while in other varieties the mortality rate was still higher. This indicated that in other varieties, considerable damage has been done at 4.0 EC level itself. During two years of study, there was significant variation in grain yields between all four treatments. The highest yields of seed were recorded in varieties LBG-733, 726, 738, 723 and 727 under BAW. In other salinity levels (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 EC levels), LBG-738 performed better than all other varieties recording 9.89 q ha –1, 6.54 q ha –1 and 5.2 q ha –1, respectively. Varieties LBG-648, LBG-708, LBG-723 and LBG-726 also performed commendably as compared to other varieties.
The Effectiveness of TPR (Total Physical Response) Method in English Vocabulary Mastery of Elementary School Children

This research employed a mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. To achieve the aims of the study, quasi-experimental design was used, involving two groups (control and experiment) at the first grade in one Islamic elementary school in Bandung and employing pretest, treatment (TPR method to experiment group, conventional method to control group) and posttest. The result of control class score computation to compare pretest score with posttest score showed that there is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test score of control class. On the contrary, the result of experiment class score computation to compare pretest score with posttest score showed that there was significant difference between the pretest and posttest score of experiment class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the vocabulary mastery of experiment group was significantly improved. Penelitian ini menggunakan sebuah metode gabung, yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini, desain quasi-eksperimental digunakan dengan melibatkan dua kelompok (kendali dan eksperimental) di kelas satu sekolah dasar Islam di Bandung dan menggunakan pretes, perlakuan (metode TPR untuk kelompok eksperimental, metode konvensional untuk kelompok kendali) dan postes. Hasil perhitungan nilai kelas kendali dengan membandingkan nilai pretes dan postes menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai pretes dan postes di kelas kendali. Sebaliknya, hasil perhitungan nilai kelas eksperimental dengan membandingkan nilai pretes dan postes menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai pretes dan nilai postes di kelompok eksperimental. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penguasaan kosakata dikelas eksperimental dapat meningkat secara signifikan.
Land-surface parameter optimisation using data assimilation techniques: the adJULES system V1.0

Abstract. Land-surface models (LSMs) are crucial components of the Earth system models (ESMs) that are used to make coupled climate–carbon cycle projections for the 21st century. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) is the land-surface model used in the climate and weather forecast models of the UK Met Office. JULES is also extensively used offline as a land-surface impacts tool, forced with climatologies into the future. In this study, JULES is automatically differentiated with respect to JULES parameters using commercial software from FastOpt, resulting in an analytical gradient, or adjoint, of the model. Using this adjoint, the adJULES parameter estimation system has been developed to search for locally optimum parameters by calibrating against observations. This paper describes adJULES in a data assimilation framework and demonstrates its ability to improve the model–data fit using eddy-covariance measurements of gross primary production (GPP) and latent heat (LE) fluxes. adJULES also has the ability to calibrate over multiple sites simultaneously. This feature is used to define new optimised parameter values for the five plant functional types (PFTs) in JULES. The optimised PFT-specific parameters improve the performance of JULES at over 85 % of the sites used in the study, at both the calibration and evaluation stages. The new improved parameters for JULES are presented along with the associated uncertainties for each parameter.
Influence of leader and follower behavior on employee voice, team task responsibility, and team effectiveness.

This study investigates the effect of leader and follower behavior on voice climate, team task responsibility and team effectiveness. This study distinguishes itself by including both leader and follower behavior as predictors of team effectiveness. In addition, voice climate and team task responsibility are tested as potential mediators of the relationship between task-oriented behaviors (informing, directing, verifying) and team effectiveness as well as the relationship between relation-oriented behaviors (positive feedback, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration) and team effectiveness. This cross-sectional exploratory study includes four methods: 1) inter-reliable coding of leader and follower behavior during staff meetings; 2) surveys of 57 leaders; 3) surveys of643 followers; 4) survey of 56 lean coaches. Regression analyses showed that both leaders and followers display more task-oriented behaviors opposed to relation-oriented behaviors during staff meetings. Contrary to the hypotheses, none of the observed leader behaviors positively influences voice climate, team task responsibility or team effectiveness. However, all three task-oriented follower behaviors indirectly influence team effectiveness. The findings from this research illustrate that follower behaviors has more influence on team effectiveness compared to leader behavior. Practical implications, strengths and limitations of the research are discussed. Moreover, future research directions including the mediating role of culture and psychological safety are proposed as well.
Diagnostic study of errors in the simulation of tropical continental precipitation in general circulation models

A simple diagnostic model has been used to identify the parameters that induce large errors in the simulation of tropical precipitation in atmospheric General Circulation models (GCM). The GCM that have been considered are those developed by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). These models participated in the phase II of the Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP II) and simulated the climate for the period 1979 to 1995. The root mean-square error in the simulation of precipitation in tropical continents was larger in NCEP and NCAR simulations than in the JMA simulation. The large error in the simulation of precipitation in NCEP was due to errors in the vertical profile of water vapour. The large error in precipitation in NCAR in North Africa was due to an error in net radiation (at the top of the atmosphere). The simple diagnostic model predicts that the moisture converge is a nonlinear function of integrated water vapour. The large error in the interannual variance of rainfall in NCEP over India has been shown to be due to this nonlinearity.
Does Landscape Diversity Slow the Spread of Rotation-Resistant Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)?

Abstract A behavioral change in some western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) populations is threatening the effectiveness of crop rotation, a successful management strategy for controlling this pest. We created a set of simple meteorologic and behavioral models that can be used to predict the spread of the beetle infesting soybean (Glycine max (L.)) throughout the midwestern United States. We used data collected in Illinois, IN, MI, and Ohio to create maps of observations to evaluate the model. We displayed data on the maps using detection thresholds for western corn rootworm in soybean fields of 10 or 20 beetles per 100 sweeps and one or two beetles per yellow sticky trap per day. Counts greater than a detection threshold represent populations with a lack of fidelity to corn (Zea mays L.) and adapted to circumvent corn-soybean rotation. Some of the models invoked a landscape-diversity function that included the proportion of noncorn, nonrotated soybean vegetation on farmland in each county (i.e., extra vegetation). The best model for the period from 1997 to 2001 is based on heavy-storm data, with distance that beetles spread each year reduced by the proportion of extra vegetation in a county. This version is superior to a previously published model and to two new models that do not consider landscape diversity. Most of the models predicted spread at too high a rate between 1997 and 2001, compared with observations, but a few new models with rates of spread reduced by a landscape-diversity function matched the observations relatively well. Results suggest that the conclusions based on a linear model using proportion of extra vegetation as the key parameter are likely to be robust. Thus, we hypothesize that as the landscape diversity represented by the proportion of noncorn and nonrotated soybean vegetation in a geographic region increases, the rate of regional spread of the rotation-resistant western corn rootworm decreases over several years.
Production of Sulfur Containing Kraft Lignin Products

Kraft lignin is produced in great quantities in many countries, but is mainly used as an energy source. To valorize its potential end-use applications, softwood kraft lignin was modified via sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite treatments in this study. The modification of kraft lignin through a sulfuric acid treatment resulted in a modified lignin (SA-lignin) with a charge density of 0.8 meq/g but with a limited water solubility. The sulfonation of the kraft lignin through a sodium sulfite treatment induced a soluble sulfonated lignin (SS-lignin) with a charge density of 1.4 meq/g, which was obtained under the conditions of 90 °C, 4 h, and 0.67 Na2SO3/lignin molar ratio. The elemental compositions, molecular weights, and thermal and rheological properties of modified lignin samples were characterized.
Effect Of Single And Short-Term Aerobics On Selected Mental State Parametres In Adult Females

Summary The aim of the study was to determine the degree of the influence of aerobic program on mental state of the trainees after a single and short-term application. We tried to find out the positive effects of an aerobics on the selected parameters of mental state of women that performed aerobics recreationally. Twenty-two healthy women (age 35 ± 5 years) were involved in the specific aerobic program with mini trampolines (jumping) over the period of 5 weeks. To measure the psychological parameters a modified questionnaire of type X-STAI was distributed before and after the single work out at the beginning of the study and after the 5 weeks period. Chi-quadrat analysis was used to evaluate the data. The greatest and statistically the most significant differences were recorded in the parameters ´enthusiastic´, ´boosted by energy´ and ´relaxed´, in comparison with the emotions at the beginning and at the end of the lesson in initial measuring. Comparison of changes after the 5 weeks period at the beginning and at the end of the lesson shows statistical significance in all parameters, except ´tired´. No statistical changes occurred at either the beginning or the end of the lesson comparing initial and final phases. Based on the results, we can conclude that specialized aerobic training provokes immediate changes in psychological state of the trainees via increase of their positive and decrease of negative emotions right after the lesson and when compared to its beginning. This leads to a better mental stability and a greater resistance to the influences of outer environment on mental state.
Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae), their hosts and parasitoids in southern Amapá State, Brazil

This work was carried out to record the species of Anastrepha, their host plants and associated parasitoids in Laranjal do Jari and Vitoria do Jari, Amapa State. Fleshy fruits of 17 species of 13 families were sampled, from February to July of 2006, in main districts of both municipalities. Nine species of Anastrepha and six species of braconid parasitoids were sampled during this study.
OP-HEAP140066 1..7

Results Overall, 50.56% of respondents reported that they could obtain needed services for themselves or their children. Confidence in the ability to obtain care increased with education [odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–2.21] and poor physical health in the past 30 days (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01–1.88), and decreased with poverty (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47–0.93), exposure to previous trauma (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.36–0.71), dissatisfaction with respondent’s last formal health visit (OR1⁄4 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54–0.91) and high utilization of the informal health sector (OR1⁄4 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.96). No correlation was found between health system confidence and being female, being 35 years old or younger, formal health sector use, being within an hour of a clinic and the closest clinic having basic capabilities.
Temperature-based summer habitat partitioning between white-beaked and common dolphins around the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland

The white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) are two of the most abundant delphinid species in shelf waters around the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI) in the summer season (May–October). As these two species have similar habitat preferences and diets, it might be expected that they would partition their otherwise shared niche to reduce the potential for competition at this time of year. This study used 569 sightings of the two species, collected from shelf waters (<200 m water depth) in the summer season between 1983 and 1998, to investigate whether there is evidence of widespread niche partitioning based on water temperature in this area. Below 13°C, white-beaked dolphins were dominant with 96% of sightings comprising this species. In contrast, above 14°C, 86% of sightings comprised common dolphins. A classification tree analysis found that of the four eco-geographical variables analysed (water depth, seabed slope, seabed aspect and sea surface temperature), temperature was the most important variable for separating the occurrence of the two species. These results are consistent with widespread temperature-based niche partitioning between white-beaked and common dolphins in shelf waters around the UK and ROI. As temperature is important in determining the relative distribution of these species, the range of the white-beaked dolphin might be expected to contract in response to increasing sea temperature resulting from global climate change, while that of the common dolphin may expand.
Shipboard measurements of dimethyl sulfide and SO2 southwest of Tasmania during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)

Measurements of seawater dimethylsulfide (DMS), atmospheric dimethylsulfide, and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) were made on board the R/VDiscoverer in the Southern Ocean, southeast of Australia, as part of the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). The measurements covered a latitude range of 40°S–55°S during November-December 1995. Seawater DMS concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 6.8 nM, with a mean of 1.7±1.1 nM (1σ). The highest DMS concentrations were found in subtropical convergence zone waters north of 44°S, and the lowest were found in polar waters south of 49°S. In general, seawater DMS concentrations increased during the course of the study, presumably due to the onset of austral spring warming. Atmospheric DMS concentrations ranged from 24 to 350 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), with a mean of 112±61 pptv (1σ). Atmospheric SO2 was predominantly of marine origin with occasional anthropogenic input, as evidenced by correlation with elevated 222 Rn and air mass trajectories. Concentrations ranged from 3 to 1000 pptv with a mean of 48.8± 49 pptv (1σ) and a median 15.8 pptv. The mean SO2 concentration observed in undisturbed marine air was 11.9±7.6 pptv (1σ), and the mean DMS to SO2 ratio in these conditions was 13±9 (1σ). Diurnal variations in
Currency choice in international trade: a new monetarist approach and firm-level evidence

Financial market imperfections severely restrict currency use in international trade. We develop a unified search-based framework with financial frictions to address the determinants for currency, emphasizing the roles of trade finance and financial market development, as well as macro, micro factors and firm-level bargaining power. In an open economy monetary search model with financial intermediation, the usage of a particular currency will emerge endogenously and strategic complementarities among exporters, importers, and financial intermediation reinforce the status of international currency. With highly disaggregated data from Colombia, we provide firm-level evidence that financial factors significantly affect the patterns of currency usage. We show that exporters prefer the currency with a more developed financial market, especially for small firms in financially vulnerable sectors. In particular, a developing country with medium-level of financial development could enhance its currency usage by more than 10% if they further develop their financial market. Meanwhile, bad monetary policy and low bargaining power of exporters will hurt the popularity of currency, although empirically firm-level bargaining power only has a secondary effect. These results provide important policy implications for developing countries that seek to improve the international role of its own currency but suffer from financial market underdevelopment, unstable monetary policy, and inferior bargaining positions of firms, emphasizing the role of finaical market development and macroeconomic stability.
Study of electrical and thermal transport in low-dimensional structures aiming for improving thermoelectric efficiency

Thermoelectric engineering has been getting much attention anticipating its potential to serve an important role in producing clean energy out of waste heat dissipated from industries, residential processes, and transportation. However, thermoelectric efficiency has been limited to a nonpractical range because of the interplay among transport coefficients which measure the efficiency. With widely growing interest in thermoelectrics, understanding the electrical and thermal transport in thermoelectric devices and finding ways to improve the efficiency is critical to develop future thermoelectric applications and to contribute to solving the energy shortage that the world is facing. In this thesis, we present both electron and phonon aspects of the thermoelectric transport employing the Boltzmann transport theory, the Landauer formalism, and the element kinetic theory. We calculate the thermal conductivity of layered bismuth telluride thin films by solving the Boltzmann transport equation in the relaxation-time approximation using full phonon dispersion. The full phonon frequency and gradient are obtained from the framework of the firstprinciple density functional theory and effectively used to confirm the anisotropic thermal transport arising from the phonon mode softening. In addition, we introduce the phonon scattering due to van der Waals interface in bismuth telluride to fully capture the anisotropy of the material. We also study the thermal conductivity of the rippled graphene which has potential to be used as a future thermoelectric material. The ripple is formed through a deformation process performed in molecular dynamics. We introduce a technique which enables creation of the graphene sheet with evenly distributed ripples and calculate the thermal conductivity using Green-Kubo linear response theory. The study reveals significantly reduced thermal conductivity, which confirms the plausibility of the rippled graphene as a future thermoelectric material. To stimulate the
From the Compression of Mortality Scenario to the Shifting Mortality One: The Canadian Experience

Over the last century, we have witnessed major changes in the level of mortality in regions all across the globe. This remarkable mortality decrease has also been characterized by important changes in the age-at-death distribution, which inevitably led to substantial modifications in the shape of the survival curve over time. The measurement of transformations in the survival curve quickly became a subject of great interest among researchers, as implications of these changes on every society’s health-care system and social programs, among others, are profound.
Examining Evidence for Conventional versus Complementary Therapies to Address Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States [1]. COPD is a complex disease for which the cause and cure remain elusive. Conventional treatments for COPD have traditionally included medications and surgery. However, these conventional therapies have limitations and have been insufficient to reliably cease disease progression or improve the patient’s quality of life in a meaningful way [2]. Complementary therapies, such as yoga, mindfulness, and tai chi, have emerged that may show promising innovations for improving COPD patient care; however, there is a paucity of studies to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Initial research on complementary therapies has revealed hope that these innovative approaches may help alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce depression and anxiety in people with COPD [3]. While there is a growing body of research surrounding complementary therapies for COPD, the weight of the evidence remains limited.