Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfide mineralogy and redox conditions in some shergottites

Abstract— Magmatic sulfide mineralogy has been studied in 2 olivine‐phyric shergottites (DaG 476 and SaU 005) and 4 basaltic shergottites (Zagami, Shergotty, Los Angeles, and NWA 480). Modal abundances of magmatic sulfides, as estimated by image analysis on thin section, are high (0.16 to 0.53 area percent) and correlate positively with abundances of Fe‐Ti oxides. Sulfides are mesostasis minerals, being mostly interstitial grains or locally enclosed in post‐cumulus melt inclusions (e.g., SaU 005) in olivine. Sulfides in shergottites are composed of major pyrrhotite containing pentlandite exsolutions associated with minor amounts of Cu sulfides (chalcopyrite and/or cubanite). Hot desert finds (e.g., DaG 476) show abundant fracture‐filling iron (oxy)hydroxides of probable terrestrial origin. Unaltered sulfides show metal‐rich hexagonal pyrrhotite compositions with metal/sulfur (M/S) ratio ranging between 0.936 ± 0.005 and 0.962 ± 0.01. This compositional range corresponds to the two‐phase structural domain 2C + nC of the Fe‐S system; however, the high‐temperature disordered hexagonal 1C pyrrhotite structure would be in better agreement with magnetic properties of shergottites. Ni contents in pyrrhotite increase from Los Angeles (<0.05 at%) to Shergotty, Zagami, and NWA 480 (0.2–0.5 at%), and DaG 476 and SaU 005 (up to 3 at%). The higher Ni values of pyrrhotite in olivine‐phyric shergottites correlate with the abundance of pentlandite exsolutions, both reflecting more primitive Ni‐rich sulfide liquids where abundant olivine crystallized. This result and the strong correlation between sulfide abundances and Fe‐Ti oxides argue for a primary magmatic origin of these sulfides. Although they reproduce the trend of magmatic oxygen fugacity conditions determined from Fe‐Ti oxide pairs, observed pyrrhotite compositions are systematically more metal‐deficient compared to those calculated from the Fe‐S‐O system. This suggests post‐magmatic oxidation during cooling on Mars, followed by terrestrial weathering for hot desert finds.
Abiotic factors control sponge ecology in Florida mangroves

It is well documented that biotic effects play an important role in determining the distri- bution and abundance of sponges on Caribbean coral reefs: predation by fishes restricts some species to refugia, and allelopathic interactions result in a competitive hierarchy for space. Recently, it has been proposed that biotic effects are similarly important in mangrove habitats; specifically, that sponges common to mangrove habitats grow fast and rapidly out-compete species otherwise found in reef habitats for prop-root space. To begin to test this hypothesis, 9 species of common reef sponges were transplanted to prop roots at 3 mangrove sponge sites with different flow regimes (as measured with plaster clods) near Key Largo, Florida. Reef sponges transplanted to all 3 mangrove sites declined in health and died, most within 60 d, while those back-transplanted to a reef site survived and grew. Reef sponge decline was most rapid at sites with the lowest flow during periods of the month with the least tidal flux, when a combination of freshwater input, high temperature and turbid- ity were likely responsible for their demise. We conclude that some mangrove sites that support sponge growth do so because the species found there can endure the abiotic conditions of mangrove habitats, and not because of competitive dominance over species otherwise found on the reef.
Is the wind stress forcing essential for the meridional overturning circulation?

We use a global coupled atmosphere‐ocean sea‐ice model of intermediate complexity to demonstrate that wind‐forcing is a crucial element to sustain meridional overturning flow in the Atlantic. Neglecting wind‐stress in our multi‐century‐long simulations leads to a complete shutdown of the conveyor belt circulation. This result may have tremendous impacts for an assessment of the sensitivity of 2‐d climate models which typically do not capture wind‐driven gyres. It is argued that wind effects may be a key element in determining the fate and length of a collapsed THC state. Possible paleo implications will be discussed.
Fiscal Policy, Intercountry Adjustment and the Real Exchange Rate within Europe

In EMU, a country may have difficulty ensuring stability in the face of asymmetric shocks; the response may be unstable, or, even if not, the real exchange rate might overshoot. Fiscal policy may help to stabilise inflation and also to target the real exchange rate. The paper argues that an improved fiscal policy process might result in improved macroeconomic performance within Europe. Within EMU, a country may have difficulty ensuring stability in the face of asymmetric shocks; the response may be unstable, or, even if not, the real exchange rate might overshoot. In this context, the rules of the SGP may interfere with the control of inflation control, with the short-run stabilisation of demand, and also with the longer term adjustment of intra-European real exchange rates. We recommend using fiscal policy to stabilise inflation and also to target the real exchange rate rather than deficits or debt. Such a policy would require a more active use of fiscal policy.
EPOFIX AND VACUUM: AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE CASTS OF HARD SUBSTRATES

An effective and fast procedure is presented for making transparent casts of hard substrates such as bones, rock, shells, and wood. The procedure is based on a twocomponent epoxy (Epofix) that is especially suitable for cold mounting, avoiding heat, and limiting pressure impregnation that might damage fragile substrates. Critical to successful casting is the use of a vacuum chamber or a vacuum desiccator during early hardening to eliminate air bubbles. The vacuum is interrupted and turned on again to force air out and epoxy into blindending cavities; this action may be repeated. Afterward, the hardening takes place at atmospheric pressure. Unlike other embedding procedures, neither infiltration
Dog Food Consumption in the Caribbean: A Baseline Study

Dogs in the Caribbean have been traditionally viewed as low maintenance pets which are fed leftovers from the household. Changes in the lifestyle of Caribbean families have resulted in changes in their eating patterns. These changes can be expected to have consequences for the feeding of dogs, which may require households to switch to commercial dog food. This paper reports the finding of a survey of groups involved with pets and animal welfare in the Caribbean conducted on behalf of the Pet Food Institute, a non-profit industry association. The study examined perspectives on how dogs are fed in the Caribbean and activities conducted to educate pet owners and the public. Use of household scraps and commercial dog food was associated with household income, except in the case of some high income dependent territories. The findings indicate that while many animal welfare groups in the Caribbean provide educational programs, not all of these provide recommendations on feeding pets and so they neglect to provide information on an important aspect of animal welfare.
Gastric Adenocarcinomas in Morocco: HER2/neu Gene Amplification and Protein Overexpression and Correlation with Clinicopathological Features

Background: Her-2 is the molecular target for antibody-based treatment of breast cancer (trastuzumab). The potential benefit of anti–Her-2 therapy is currently investigated in several other HER2–amplified cancers including gastric cancer. Although HER-2 amplification occurs in more than 10% of gastric cancers, potential heterogeneity of HER-2 amplification and overexpression could represent a major drawback for anti–Her-2 therapy. This study was conducted to address the potential applicability of trastuzumab in Moroccan patients with gastric cancer. Patient and methods: The study was conducted in The Laboratory of Anatomy-Pathology of Pasteur InstituteCasablanca, it comprised 98 gastric adenocarcinomas. Her2/neu expression and gene amplification were analyzed by Immunohistochemistry and Chromogenic in situ hybridization. The Her2/neu status was determined according to GC scoring system by one pathologist. Results: Of the 98 patients, 26 (26,53%) patients were scored as HER2 overexpression (3+), while 72 (73,47%) were negative (1+/0). HER2 overexpression was associated with the IV TNM stage and the intestinal cancer subtype. HER2 overexpression was also correlated with well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas according to the WHO classification. No correlation was observed between HER2 overexpressed and not overexpressed cases in terms of age, gender or pT, N, M factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, a thorough analysis of 98 gastric cancers using IHC and CISH showed HER-2 gene overexpression in 26,53% of adenocarcinomas with a strong preference for intestinal cancer subtype. This data may represent an argument for a possible therapeutic utility of trastuzumab in HER-2– amplified gastric adenocarcinomas and attempts to assess the utility of trastuzumab in HER-2–overexpressed gastric cancers appear to be justified.
Generation and Content Validation of Mobility Domains and Item Pool for Community-dwelling Individuals

Mobility disability can affect a wide range of activities, from difficulty in turning in bed to problems of riding a vehicle. The existing scales do not include all the relevant items for mobility within the community. There is therefore a strong need to develop a scale with items which are comprehensive and culturally relevant to community-dwelling individuals. Purpose: This study was conducted to generate the mobility domains and item pool for community-dwelling individuals, and to validate the content. Method: The method includedextensive research into literature on existing mobility scales, and direct interviews with 20 persons with chronic mobility disability who livewithin their community. The generated items were grouped under the relevant domains and subjected to content validation by 10 experts.Items were judged on the basis of relevance, and acceptance of the item or domain was conditional on a70% minimum level of agreement between the experts. Results: Ninety-nine items and 14 domains were generated by the literature search and direct interviews. The items were grouped under the 14 domains,according to their relevance and purpose. Content validation resulted in the elimination of 44 items and 5 domains as per the criteria for agreement. Items and domains were also modified to improve relevance and reduce ambiguity. Conclusion: A comprehensive mobility item pool for community-dwelling individuals, with items ranging from simple to the most challenging tasks under the proposed domains, has been generated and content validated. The development of a new mobility disability scale which uses these items, and evaluation of its psychometric properties is recommended. Limitation : Confirmatory factor analysis could not be done to evaluate the fit of items under proposed domains.
Change in students' perception of profession during nursing education in Turkey: A longitudinal study

Background: Progress in the nursing is only possible with nursing students who graduate with sufficient information and comprehension about their professions. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate nursing students’ professional perceptions during 4-year undergraduate nursing program and to determine whether changes occur in this time frame Desing and Methods: This study was designed as a longitudinal cohort survey research. Data were collected over a four -year period. The study sample was constituted of 137 undergraduate nursing students attending two Schools of Health located in the western Turkey. In this study, data were collected using the Information Form which was prepared by the investigators and the Perception of Nursing Profession Scale (PNPS). Results: Students’ PNPS mean scores were identified as 85.24±11.66 for Time 1, 86.86±12.37 for Time 2, 86.43±13.39 for Time 3, 86.32±15.12 for Time 4 and 90.76±13.16 for Time 5. No statistically significant differences were found in perception of nursing profession mean scores during nursing education (p>0.05). Statistically meaningful differences were detected among students’ “Professional Qualities” sub scale mean scores (p0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that freshmen students perceived the nursing profession rather positively and that influence continued throughout their education. It was identified that initial positive perceptions of students progressively increased at the end of 2nd and 4th years. It was determined that students positively perceived the professional status of nursing and that the significant perceptions continued throughout their education.
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection of Nanofluid in a Concentric Annulus with Rotating Inner Cylinder

In this work, the steady and laminar mixed convection of nanofluid in horizontal concentric annulus with rotating inner cylinder is investigated numerically. The inner and outer cylinders are kept at constant temperature Ti and To respectively, where Ti>To. The annular space is filled with Alumina-water nanofluid. The governing equations with the corresponded boundary conditions in the polar coordinate are discretized using the finite volume method where pressure-velocity coupling is done by the SIMPLER algorithm. Numerical results have been obtained for Rayleigh number ranging from 10 2 to 10 5 , Reynolds number from 1 to 300 and nanoparticles volume fraction from 0.01 to 0.06. The effects of the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, average diameter of nanoparticles and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the annuli are investigated. According to the results, the average Nusselt number decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. However, the average Nusselt number increases by increasing the Rayleigh number. Moreover, the maximum average Nusselt number occurs for an optimal nanoparticle volume fraction except situations that heat conduction predominates over the heat convection. In these conditions the average Nusselt number is close to unity.
Hemp fibre decortications using a planetary ball mill

Hemp fibre is a renewable resource that has the market potential for producing new fibrebasedproducts as well as replacing existing ones. Decortication onstitutes a key step in the production of high-quality hempfibres. A hemp decortication experiment was conducted using a. lab-scale planetary ball mill. Varying treatments, including three grinding durations (2, 4, and 6min) and seven grinding speeds(100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 rpm) were studied using retted hemp feedstock. Under these treatments, fibre yield, coreyield, and amount of chaff were determined following decortication. The detaching efficiency (defined as the reduction in theamount of fibre-bound-to-core), along with the performance index, were also determined to evaluate the overall performanceof the ball mill for hemp decortication. Results showed that grinding duration and speed impacted all the measuredvariables. The lowest grinding speeds, 100 rpm, resulted in a poor detaching efficiency (52.6%). The highest grinding speed,400 rpm, allowed for a greater detaching efficiency (99.7%), but reduced fibre yields (0% yield for 6min grinding duration)and increased chaff production (up to 100% chaff). Given all these facts, the best performance of the mill was found at 200 and250 rpm grinding speeds, regardless of grinding duration, interms of fibre yield and detaching efficiency.
MORTAR WITH UNSERVICEABLE TIRE RESIDUES

This study analyzes the effects of unserviceable tire residues on rendering mortar using lime and washed sand at a volumetric proportion of 1:6. The ripened composite was dried in an oven and combined with both cement at a volumetric proportion of 1:1.5:9 and rubber powder in proportional aggregate volumes of 6, 8, 10, and 12%. Water exudation was evaluated in the plastic state. Water absorption by capillarity, fresh shrinkage and mass loss, restrained shrinkage and mass loss, void content, flexural strength, and deformation energy under compression were evaluated in the hardened state. There was an improvement in the water exudation and water absorption by capillarity and drying shrinkage, as well as a reduction of the void content and flexural strength. The product studied significantly aided the water exudation from mortar and, capillary elevation in rendering.
Suitability evaluation of several apple cultivars for organic fruit production

A B S T R A C T Suitability of nine scab-resistant or partially scab-resistant apple cultivars: ‘Bohemia’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Goldstar’, ‘Pinova’, ‘Redkroft’, ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Melfree’ and ‘Gold Milenium’ (‘Early Freegold’) for organic orchards was evaluated during the period 2002-2006. The experiment was set up in the spring of 2002 and consisted of two plots. In the first plot, no plant protection chemicals were applied either to the trees or to the soil. In the second plot, with limited spraying programme, only those compounds that are allowed to use in organic fruit production were applied in order to control pests and diseases: copper products three times; “Carpovirusine Super SC” and garlic extract “Liquid Bioczos” one time. Young shoots infested by apple mildew and aphids were cut back. After planting, the ground under tree rows was mulched with agricultural spun-web, linen residue felt or a sawdust in a 1.2 metre wide strip. Grass was allowed to grow between the rows and was regularly mown. During the years of the experiment, many trees were seriously infected by apple canker (Nectria sp.), what caused the loss of certain number of them. Trees planted in mulched soil with agricultural spun-web grew better and bore more fruit in comparison with the trees grown in linen residue felt and sawdust mulch. The highest yield was obtained from cultivars ‘Gold Milenium’, ‘Pinova’, ‘Melfree’ and ‘Topaz’. The cultivars ‘Topaz’, ‘Bohemia’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Redkroft’ and ‘Gold Milenium’ proved to be the most suitable for organic fruit production. The greatest problem was aphid control. Cutting back shoots with primary infestation was the most promising method.
Characteristic Features of Precipitation Extremes over India in the Warming Scenarios

The detection of possible changes in extreme climate events, in terms of the frequency, intensity as well as duration assumes profound importance on the local, regional, and national scales, due to the associated critical socioeconomic consequences. Therefore, an attempt is made in this paper to evaluate various aspects of future projections of precipitation extremes over India, as projected by a state-of-art regional climate modeling system, known as PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies) towards the end of the 21st century (that is, 2071–2100) using standardized indices. Study reveals that PRECIS simulations under scenarios of increasing greenhouse gas concentration and sulphate aerosols indicate marked increase in precipitation towards the end of the 21st century and is expected to increase throughout the year. However the changes in daily precipitation and the precipitation extremes during summer monsoon (June through September) season are prominent than during the rest of year. PRECIS simulations under both A2 and B2 scenarios indicate increase in frequency of heavy precipitation events and also enhancement in their intensity towards the end of the 21st century. Both A2 and B2 scenarios show similar patterns of projected changes in the precipitation extremes towards the end of the 21st century. However, the magnitudes of changes in B2 scenario are on the lower side.
What Makes a Change Unsuccessful through the Eyes of Teachers

Over the past two decades, Turkey has initiated a reform movement to change her classroom assessment system to accommodate performance-based alternative assessment methods in schools. However, research investigating the impact of assessment reform on learning and teaching in schools report that performance assessment approaches have not been implemented effectively. This study investigated the teacher related factors behind the adoption decisions of teachers of these changes introduced. Data for the study were collected through interviews with 53 biology teachers in 24 schools. According to the findings, teachers’ lack of self-agency, superficial understanding of the ideas introduced, mistrust that the innovations will work in practice, skepticism about the need for a change and inadequate knowledge and abilities as a result of ineffective dissemination and professional guidance were the main factors affecting the success of the reform. Suggestions to overcome barriers to reform and implications of the findings in managing change are presented and discussed at the end of the paper.
1 Running head : Outbound Tourism from China OUTBOUND TOURISM FROM CHINA : LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

The rapid growth of China's outbound tourism market has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. However, the academic literature is still sparse in this area. Using a theoretical framework that synthesises the key processes related to destination choice, the authors undertake a systematic review of the academic literature on outbound tourism from China. Stemming from this review, the article provides some direction for future empirical research on this important topic. The authors also suggest that a new model for travel planning could be developed, suggesting that traditional destination choice models may inadequately capture the nuances of destination choice in the Chinese context.
Wall shear stress calculations using phase contrast MRI

Phase contrast MRI (PC MRI) measurements, also called 4D flow MRI or velocity-encoded MRI, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations continue to be the only techniques for non-invasive quantification of the direction and magnitude of blood velocities within a large field of view. The techniques can be applied to any vessel of substantial size, and over the last years more and more research groups are using these blood velocities to calculate wall shear stress (WSS). WSS based on 4D flow MRI or CFD have become a readout tool in cardiovascular research, especially in the greater vessels. The aims of this thesis, entitled ‘Wall Shear Stress Calculations Using Phase Contrast MRI’, are to quantify volumetric WSS in any complex vessel geometry, using the velocity vector field data acquired by 4D flow MR measurements, and to validate this method with CFD simulations. This thesis contributed to the 4D flow MRI field by introducing a new, open-source, algorithm to calculate WSS from 4D flow MRI data. The algorithm was validated with gold standard CFD simulations, the effect of scan parameters was assessed, and a method to compare WSS between patient groups was introduced. This information will help to improve future research on the role of WSS in vascular diseases, and to bring 4D flow MRI with its quantitative parameters a step closer to daily clinical practice.