Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SN 2007uy - metamorphosis of an aspheric type Ib explosion

The supernovae (SNe) of Type Ibc are rare and the detailed characteristics of these explosions have been studied only for a few events. Unlike Type II SNe, the progenitors of Type Ibc have never been detected in pre-explosion images. So, to understand the nature of their progenitors and the characteristics of the explosions, investigation of proximate events are necessary. Here we present the results of multi-wavelength observations of Type Ib SN 2007uy in the nearby (� 29.5 Mpc) galaxy NGC 2770. Analysis of the photometric observations revealed this explosion as an energetic event with peak absolute R band magnitude 18.5±0.16, which is about one mag brighter than the mean value ( 17.6±0.6) derived for well observed Type Ibc events. The SN is highly extinguished, E(B V ) = 0.63±0.15 mag, mainly due to foreground material present in the host galaxy. From optical light curve modeling we determine that about 0.3 M⊙ radioactive 56 Ni is produced and roughly 4.4 M⊙ material is ejected during this explosion with liberated energy � 15×10 51 erg, indicating the event to be an energetic one. Through optical spectroscopy, we have noticed a clear aspheric evolution of several line forming regions, but no dependency of asymmetry is seen on the distribution of 56 Ni inside the ejecta. The SN shock interaction with the circumburst material (CSM) is clearly noticeable in radio follow-up, presenting a Synchrotron Self Absorption (SSA) dominated light curve with a contribution of Free Free Absorption (FFA) during the early phases. Assuming a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star, with wind velocity > 10 3 km s −1 , as a progenitor, we derive a lower limit to the mass loss rate inferred from the radio data as u M > 2.4 × 10 −5 M⊙ yr −1 , which is consistent with the results obtained for other
Square root penalty: Adaptation to the margin in classification and in edge estimation

We consider the problem of adaptation to the margin in binary classification. We suggest a penalized empirical risk minimization classifier that adaptively attains, up to a logarithmic factor, fast optimal rates of convergence for the excess risk, that is, rates that can be faster than n -1/2 , where n is the sample size. We show that our method also gives adaptive estimators for the problem of edge estimation.
The aeolian flux of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry Valleys landscape: evidence from snow pit analysis

We have determined the flux of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry Valleys region by analysing snow pits for their chemical composition and their snow accumulation using multiple records spanning up to 48 years. The fluxes demonstrate patterns related to elevation and proximity to the ocean. In general, there is a strong relationship between the nitrate flux and snow accumulation, indicating that precipitation rates may have a great influence over the nitrogen concentrations in the soils of the valleys. Aeolian dust transport plays an important role in the deposition of some elements (e.g. Ca2+) into the McMurdo Dry Valleys' soils. Because of the antiquity of some of the soil surfaces in the McMurdo Dry Valleys regions, the accumulated atmospheric flux of salts to the soils has important ecological consequences. Although precipitation may be an important mechanism of salt deposition to the McMurdo Dry Valley surfaces, it is poorly understood because of difficulties in measurement and high losses from sublimation.
Entrepreneurship and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Sweden

Hurst and Lusardi (2004) use a specification with higher-order polynomials to estimate the relationship between wealth and entrepreneurship. They find evidence against the existence of extensive liquidity constraints in the United States. In this paper, their approach is replicated on Swedish data. A positive relationship between wealth and entrepreneurship is found, which supports the liquidity constraints hypothesis. Alternative methods for handling the endogeneity problem and distinguishing between absolute decreasing risk aversion and liquidity constraints lend further support to the hypothesis. The analysis suggests that there exist liquidity constraints in Sweden, which are possibly more extensive than in the United States.
Exploiting Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of Ancillary Energy Market Prices

The increase of distributed energy resources in the smart grid calls for new ways to profitably exploit these resources, which can participate in day-ahead ancillary energy markets by providing flexibility. Higher profits are available for resource owners that are able to anticipate price peaks and hours of low prices or zero prices, as well as to control the resource in such a way that exploits the price fluctuations. Thus, this study presents a solution in which artificial neural networks are exploited to predict the day-ahead ancillary energy market prices. The study employs the frequency containment reserve for the normal operations market as a case study and presents the methodology utilized for the prediction of the case study ancillary market prices. The relevant data sources for predicting the market prices are identified, then the frequency containment reserve market prices are analyzed and compared with the spot market prices. In addition, the methodology describes the choices behind the definition of the model validation method and the performance evaluation coefficient utilized in the study. Moreover, the empirical processes for designing an artificial neural network model are presented. The performance of the artificial neural network model is evaluated in detail by means of several experiments, showing robustness and adaptiveness to the fast-changing price behaviors. Finally, the developed artificial neural network model is shown to have better performance than two state of the art models, support vector regression and ARIMA, respectively.
The Incentives for Contributing Digital Contents Over P2P Networks: An Empirical Investigation

In this paper, we examine the determinants of sharing behaviour by envisaging two types of behaviour, namely contribution against free riding. In doing so, we evaluate the theoretical predictions about reciprocity and altruism in the presence of non-rival goods and anonymity. We use a probit model and primary data from a survey that collects information about P2P sharing behaviour of more than 2000 individuals. Our econometric results suggest that the motivations for contributing are poorly determined by rational self-interested behaviour. We then envisage policy implications in terms of copyright enforcement and business.
The Impact of Luxury Housing on Neighborhood Housing Prices in Taipei City

This study investigated whether a decision to construct luxury housing can help increase neighborhood housing prices. The difference-in-difference method was used in the analysis. Housing transaction data from 2008 to 2011 were used in the analysis. According to the empirical results, after eliminating the common growth in prices (10.6%) between the neighborhood in which luxury housing was to be built and the other non-luxury neighborhood, the real gap in the housing prices caused by the luxury housing was 11.2%. This suggests that luxury housing has spillover effects on neighborhood housing prices and, specifically, can help to increase neighborhood housing prices. Furthermore, the results showed that housing prices in the neighborhood in which the luxury housing was to be built were inversely proportional to the distance from the luxury housing.
Competition and the Strategic Choice of Managerial Incentives: The Relative Performance Case

In this paper we study the role of market competitiveness in a strategic delegation game in which owners delegate output decisions to managers interested in the firm's relative performance. In particular we study how the optimal delegation scheme - i.e. the distortion from pure profit maximization - is affected by market concentration and the elasticity of market demand. We show that these two indexes of market competitiveness do not alter managerial incentives in the same way: while the optimal degree of delegation decreases as the market becomes less concentrated, it increases as demand becomes more elastic.
Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest

Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are expanding across tropical landscapes. However, our current understanding of the value of these human-dominated forest landscapes for invertebrate biodiversity conservation is still very poor. In this paper, we use the leaf-litter ant fauna to assess invertebrate diversity in one commercially managed Eucalyptus plantation (four years old), two abandoned plantations of different regeneration ages (16 and 31 years), and one neighboring secondary Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. There was a clear gradient in species richness from the secondary forest to the managed Eucalyptus plantation; richness and diversity peaked in secondary forest and in the older regenerating Eucalyptus plantation. Significantly more species were recorded in secondary forest samples than in Eucalyptus plantations, but Eucalyptus plantations had a similar level of richness. Furthermore, a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed clear differences in species composition between the younger managed Eucalyptus plantation (understory absent) and habitats with sub-developed or developed understory. Eucalyptus plantations were characterized by an assemblage of widespread, generalist species very different from those known to occur in core forest habitats of southeastern Brazil. Our results indicate that while older regenerating Eucalyptus plantations can provide habitat to facilitate the persistence of generalist ant species, it is unlikely to conserve most of the primary forest species, such as specialized predators, Dacetini predators, and nomadic species.
Effect of fast vs. moderate growth rate related to nutrient intake on developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse

Osteochondrosis and other developmental orthopaedic diseases (DOD) constitute major problems in the horse industry. High food allowances and fast growth might be contributory factors. The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of high balanced nutrient allowances and associated fast growth, on the prevalence of several DOD. This study was carried out from birth to one year of age. Foals of a high feeding group (HL, n = 20) were fed 130% (0 to 2 months) and 150% (2 to 12 months) of the moderate level group (ML, n = 19, 100% of INRA recommendations). All foals were radiographed at 5.5 and 11 months, and 8 foals from each group were necropsied at 12 months of age for gross inspection of joints. Body weight, height at withers and cannon width were higher at 12 months in the HL group (+88.4 kg, +4.6 cm, and +2.1 mm respectively). The gains in body weight were 1254 and 873 g per day in the HL and ML respectively during the 0-6 month period, and 668 and 528 g per day in the HL and ML respectively during the 7-12 months period. The occurrence and severity of limb DOD were not statistically different in the HL and ML groups. Fast growth was positively correlated to the occurrence of some DOD lesions, but the body weight was more weakly correlated to the prevalence of DOD than cannon width or height at withers.
The Risk Components of Liquidity Lorán Chollete

Does liquidity risk differ depending on our choice of liquidity proxy? Unlike literature that considers common liquidity variation, we focus on identifying different components of liquidity, statistically and economically, using more than a decade of US transaction data. We identify three main statistical liquidity factors which are utilized in a linear asset pricing framework. We motivate a correspondence of the statistical factors to traditional dimensions of liquidity as well as the notion of order and trade based liquidity measures. We find evidence of multiple liquidity risk premia, but only a subset of the financial liquidity factors are associated with significant risk premia. These are the factors that we relate to the dimensions of immediacy and resilliency, while the depth dimension does not command a risk premium in any of the models. Our results suggests caution when choosing liquidity variables in asset pricing applications, since liquidity premia may be reflected in only some dimensions of liquidity.
Bidding Dynamics in Auctions

This paper studies bidding dynamics where values and bidding opportunities follow an unrestricted joint Markov process, independent across agents. Bids cannot be retracted, as is frequently the case in auctions. Our main methodological contribution is that we construct a mapping from this general stochastic process into a distribution of values that is independent of the type of auction considered. The equilibria of a static auction with this distribution of values is used to characterize the equilibria of the dynamic auction, making this general class very tractable. As a result of the option of future rebidding, early bids are shaded and under mild conditions increase toward the end of the auction. Our results are consistent with repeated bidding and skewness of the time distribution of winning bids, two puzzling observations in dynamic auctions. As an application, we estimate the model by matching moments from eBay auctions.
Bankruptcy Prediction Using Machine Learning

With improved machine learning models, studies on bankruptcy prediction show improved accuracy. This paper proposes three relatively newly-developed methods for predicting bankruptcy based on real-life data. The result shows among the methods (support vector machine, neural network with dropout, autoencoder), neural network with added layers with dropout has the highest accuracy. And a comparison with the former methods (logistic regression, genetic algorithm, inductive learning) shows higher accuracy.
Nature and Evolution of Primitive Vesuvius Magmas: an Experimental Study

Two mafic eruptive products from Vesuvius, a tephrite and a trachy-basalt, have been crystallized in the laboratory to constrain the nature of primitive Vesuvius magmas and their crustal evolution. Experiments were performed at high temperatures (from 1000 to ! 12008C) and both at 0A1 MPa and at high pressures (from 50 to 200 MPa) under H 2 O-bearing fluid-absent and H 2 O-and CO 2 -bearing fluid-present conditions. Experiments started from glass except for a few that started from glass plus San Carlos olivine crys-tals to force olivine saturation. Melt H 2 O concentrations reached a maximum of 6A0 wt % and experimental fO 2 ranged from NNO ^ 0A1 to NNO þ 3A4 (where NNO is nickel^nickel oxide buffer). Clinopyroxene (Mg# up to 93) is the liquidus phase for the two investigated samples; it is followed by leucite for H 2 O in melt 53 wt %, and by phlogopite (Mg# up to 81) for H 2 O in melt 43 wt %. Olivine (Fo 85) crystallized spontaneously in only one ex-perimental charge. Plagioclase was not found. Upon progressive crys-tallization of clinopyroxene, glass K 2 O and Al 2 O 3 contents strongly increase whereas MgO, CaO and CaO/Al 2 O 3 decrease; the residual melts follow the evolution of Vesuvius whole-rocks from trachybasalt to tephrite, phonotephrite and to tephriphonolite. Concentrations of H 2 O and CO 2 in near-liquidus 200 MPa glasses and primitive melt inclusions from the literature overlap. The earliest evolutionary stage, corresponding to the crystallization of Fo-rich olivine, was re-constructed by the olivine-added experiments. They show that the primitive Vesuvius melts are trachybasalts (K 2 O $ 4A5^5A5 wt %, MgO ¼ 8^9 wt %, Mg# ¼ 75^80, CaO/Al 2 O 3 ¼ 0A9^0A95) that crystallize Fo-rich olivine (90^91) as the liquidus phase between 1150 and 12008C and from 300 to 5200 MPa. Primitive Vesuvius melts are volatile-rich (1A5^4A5 wt % H 2 O and 600^ 4500 ppm CO 2 in primitive melt inclusions) and oxidized (from NNO þ 0A4 to NNO þ1A2). Assimilation of carbonate wall-rocks by ascending primitive magmas can account for the disappearance of olivine from crystallization sequences and explains the lack of rocks representative of olivine-crystallizing magmas. A correlation between carbonate assimilation and the type of feeding system is pro-posed: carbonate assimilation is promoted for primitive magma batches of small volumes. In contrast, for longer-lived, large-volume, less frequently recharged, hence more evolved, cooler reservoirs, magma^carbonate interaction is limited. Primitive magmas from Vesuvius and other Campanian volcanoes have similar redox states. However, the Cr# of Vesuvius spinels is distinctive and therefore the peridotitic component in the mantle source of Vesuvius differs from that of the other Campanian magmas.
Network Externality and Subsidy Structure in Two-Sided Markets: Evidence from Electric Vehicle Incentives

This paper uses new, large-scale vehicle registry data from Norway and a two-sided market framework to show nonneutrality of different subsidies and estimate their impact on electric vehicle adoption when network externalities are present. Estimates suggest a strong positive connection between electric vehicle purchases and both consumer price and charging station subsidies. Counterfactual analyses suggest that between 2010 and 2015, every dollar spent on station subsidies resulted in more than twice as many additional electric vehicle purchases than the same amount spent on price subsidies. However, this relation inverts with increased spending, as station subsidies’ impact tapers off faster. (JEL D12, D62, D85, H25, L62, Q54)
DRIVER PERCEPTION-REACTION TIME: ARE REVISIONS TO CURRENT SPECIFICATION VALUES IN ORDER?

The appropriateness of current specification values for the driver characteristic perception-reaction time is examined for several geometric design and traffic operations standards: stopping-sight distance, lateral clearance to sight obstructions on horizontal curves, intersection sight distance, and vehicle change interval. The analysis focuses on three issues. First, a brief review of state-of-the-art knowledge relative to the driver characteristic is presented. The review compares field results with aggregated simulation tests of the discrete components of perception-reaction time. The second issue that is addressed is the sensitivity of the design or operations standard to incremental changes in perception-reaction time. The third issue is a determination of the actual maximum allowable perception-reaction time for the various standards. The findings of the research indicate that the specification values for perception-reaction time are too low for the stopping-sight-distance design standards and the vehicle-clearance-interval standard. Also recommended is that the perception-reaction action for case III intersection sight distance be redefined.
An Optimal Area Approach to Intercomparing Polarimetric Radar Rain-Rate Algorithms with Gauge Data

An optimal area method is described that is used as a basis for comparing KDP-, (KDP, ZDR)-, and Zh-based estimates of rain rates with gauge-measured rain rates. The location and dimensions of an elliptically shaped optimal area within the radar scan area surrounding the gauge are determined objectively via an rms error minimization of the difference between the KDP-based radar estimate and gauge data and via use of the spatial structure of the rms difference field itself. Four convective events were analyzed with rain rates in the range of 20‐120 mm h21, with two of the events containing marble-sized hail. The analysis shows that excellent results could be achieved using KDP-based rain-rate estimators.
INDUCES OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS AND SALT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT PLANT, IRRIGATED WITH SEAWATER AS RESPONSE TO APPLICATION OF MICROALGAE SPRAY

Wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Giza 168) irrigated with either 10 or 20% of Seawater (SW) were treated with aqueous extracts of green microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus and blue green algae Spirulina platensis (AESO and AESP 20 g (dry weight)/L) in order to increase wheat salt tolerance. Treated plants showed higher ability to tolerate salt stress (10 o r 20% SW) by significant (p>0.5%) increasing of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll: Chlorophyll t otal, chlorophyll a and b types) and antioxidant lo wmolecular compounds (glutathione and carotenoids) contents. The increase of these contents was associa ted with increasing activities of antioxidant enzyme sy stems Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Catalase (CAT) and total Peroxidase (POD). In addition, this observation was significantly corr elated with decreasing of lipid peroxide products (TBARs) and sodium ions concentrations. However, wheat plant exposed to salt stress showed significant changes i n all growth parameter and antioxidant low-molecular compounds and antioxidant enzyme activities compared with that in plants irrigated with regular water (tap water). In addition, plants treated with oxalic aci d as bioregulator agent implied a moderate changes on growth parameters, antioxidant capacity includes non-enzyme and enzymatic systems compared with that in wheat plants treated with algae extracts. This study indi cates that the algae extracts could be used as a promising plant growth enhancer for treating wheat plants irr igated with brackish water.
The Gender of News and News of Gender

In the months leading up to the 2010 British General Election, pundits were claiming that women would be specifically targeted by all political parties. However, this focus never materialized and it was just more business as usual but with the added novelty of televised leaders’ debates, which meant that coverage was more male ordered than ever. The study on which this article is based monitored articles published in the four weeks leading up to election day across twelve newspapers, comprising a mix of dailies and weekend editions, broadsheets and midmarket, and tabloid titles. The study concentrated on articles that had the election as the main story and which mentioned or sourced one or more candidates, both MPs seeking reelection, and Parliamentary Candidates. We were interested in exploring (any) differences in the news coverage of women and men candidates, looking at both frequency and content. Our findings suggest that women were much less likely to feature in news stories than men, even when controlling for Party Leader coverage. Women were much more likely to be mentioned or quoted in feature articles focused explicitly on gender issues, made interesting because of their sex and couture rather than their political abilities and experience.
Ontogenetic Shifts in Habitat and Diet of Cutthroat Trout in Lake Washington, Washington

Abstract Salmonids often display a series of ontogenetic shifts in habitat, and these may also be associated with changes in diet. For example, adfluvial populations rear in streams for several years and then migrate to lakes. The patterns of habitat use, trophic ecology, and movements of such populations are commonly studied during the riverine stages. The lacustrine period is typically less well known, but salmonids may play an important ecological role as lake piscivores. In Lake Washington, Seattle, Washington, cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki are a top native piscivore and may affect the dynamics of the fish and zooplankton upon which they prey. Our objective was to study the growth, diet, and size distribution of cutthroat trout in littoral and limnetic habitats of Lake Washington, with emphasis on consumption of two of the lake's dominant pelagic planktivores: juvenile sockeye salmon O. nerka and longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys. Cutthroat trout entered the lake at approximately age 2. As t.