Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A batch culture study of the rumen bacterial community and the fermentative digestion of forage in cattle

Environmental pressures of ruminant livestock production could be lessened by improving feed digestion efficiency. As most feed is digested by the rumen microbial community there is interest in its manipulation. Attempts at doing so in vivo have largely been unsuccessful. The aim of this thesis was to determine if, by uncoupling the rumen bacterial community from its host, manipulation would be possible. Experiments were conducted using an in vitro batch culture fermentation model using cattle rumen fluid as inoculum. Parameters of fermentative digestion were measured, and the bacterial community studied using next generation sequencing methodology, the pipeline for which was tested. The role of epiphytic bacteria and concentration of rumen fluid within the model were also explored. Rumen fluids differing in their ability to digest dry matter in vitro (IVDMD; Good, Bad) were cross inoculated (1:1 Mix). After 24 hours of fermentation the IVDMD of the Mix (0.29) was intermediate (P<0.001) of the Good (0.34) and Bad (0.20), a result supported by the measured fermentation parameters. However, by the end of the sixth consecutive batch culture (CBC6) there was no difference in IVDMD between rumen fluid treatments, but the overall IVDMD had significantly (P<0.001) improved; compared to the average 24 hr IVDMD of CBC1 that of CBC9 was 69% higher. When this experiment was repeated there was no effect of cross inoculation on IVDMD, but again overall IVDMD significantly improved with each consecutive batch culture. Surprisingly there were no differences in bacterial community composition between the rumen fluids, however, the diversity of the community decreased significantly (P<0.001) with time. Differences in IVDMD performance in the absence of differences in bacterial community composition would suggest either differences in community function or differences in communities not studied here. The improved performance with time, associated with reduced bacterial diversity, may indicate bacterial activity within the rumen is restrained.
Morpho-physiological traits associated with heat stress tolerance in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) at reproductive stage

Heat stress resilience has emerged as an important trait in maize hybrids targeted for post–monsoon spring cultivation in large parts of South Asia and many other parts of the tropics. Selection based on grain yield alone under heat stress is often misleading, and therefore an approach involving stress-adaptive secondary traits along with grain yield could help in the development of improved, stable heat stress tolerant cultivars. We attempted to identify reliable and effective secondary traits associated with heat stress tolerance in tropical maize and sources of heat stress tolerant germplasm. A panel of 99 elite maize inbred lines representing the wider genetic diversity of tropical maize and a set of 58 elite hybrids were phenotyped under natural heat stress and optimal temperature for grain yield and 15 secondary traits including 10 morpho-physiological traits and 5 yield attributes. Evaluation under natural heat stress was done during the spring season by adjusting the planting date so that the complete reproductive stage (from tassel emergence to late grain filling) was exposed to heat stress. The optimal temperature trial was planted during the monsoon season with no exposure to heat stress at any crop stage. Heat stress significantly affected most of the observed traits. Among the traits studied two yield attributing traits, i.e.- ears per plant (EPP) and kernel per row (KPR), and three morpho-physiological traits, i.e.- chlorophyll content (CC), leaf firing (LF) and tassel blast (TB) were found to be the key secondary traits associated with grain yield under heat stress. In addition, low anthesis-silking internal (ASI) is an important trait that needs to be added in the index selection for heat stress tolerance. The study identified nine promising heat stress tolerant maize inbred lines with desirable secondary traits and grain yield under severe heat stress, which could be used as source germplasm in heat stress tolerance maize breeding program.
An investigation of the conditions under which procedural content enhances conceptual self-explanations in mathematics

The present study was an attempt to understand the nature of young children's self-explanation in the domain of procedural and conceptual knowledge in mathematics. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between task demands on three outcome variables: (a) quantity of self-explanation, (b) quality of self-explanation (procedural and conceptual), and (c) conceptual knowledge, or an understanding in mathematics of the concepts central to each task. Three different self-explanation tasks were developed for the present study. Each task was based on one of the following theoretical assumptions about the generation of self-explanation: (a) learning through discovery (Self-Explanation Task 1), (b) direct instruction (Self-Explanation Task 2), and (c) effect of surprise (cognitive conflict; Self-Explanation Task 3). Prior knowledge in mathematics was investigated as a possible moderating variable in the analyses. Thirty second-grade students were interviewed four times. In the first interview, the Number Knowledge Test (NKT) was individually administered to participants to measure their prior knowledge of counting, number, and quantity. In the second, third, and fourth interviews, one of the three self-explanation tasks was administered. A near transfer task was administered at the end of each self-explanation task to measure the knowledge of the concepts central to each. The data revealed that the task based on direct instruction produced the highest number of self-explanations compared to each of the other two tasks, regardless of prior knowledge. In addition, a significant interaction was found between task type and prior knowledge on the generation of conceptual self-explanations. Specifically, low prior knowledge students generated higher quality self-explanation (i.e., conceptual self-explanations) on the task based on discovery learning, whereas high prior knowledge students produced better quality self-explanations on the task based on surprise. No such interaction was found for procedural self-explanations, but the data revealed that the task based on direct instruction produced a higher number of procedural self-explanations compared to either of the other two tasks. Finally, the results indicated that there was a significant correlation between task type and conceptual knowledge, with evidence suggesting that the task based on surprise was more effective than the task based on direct instruction in enhancing conceptual understanding of key mathematical principles. A number of implications for the classroom are discussed, not least of which includes the importance of maintaining a prominent place in the mathematics curriculum for procedural instruction
The biomechanical properties of the capsular and bursal layers of the rotator cuff complex : a clinical investigation

vi Acknowledgements . vii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 3 2.1 General . 3 2.2 Anatomy of the rotator cuff unit . 3 2.2.1 Insertion of the RC . 4 2.2.2 Vascular supply to the rotator cuff. 6 2.3 RC tears and surgical repair techniques . 7 2.3.1 Aetiology of RC tears . 7 2.3.2 Classification of RC tears . 8 2.3.3 Surgical approach for RC repair . 9 2.3. 4 Postoperative complications of RC surgeries . 10 2.4. Biomechanics of the RC . 13 2.4.1 Surgical tensile technique testing. 13 2.4.2 Tendon testing . 14 Chapter 3: Materials and methods . 16 3.1 Materials . 16 3.2 Methods for tendon testing . 16 3.2.1 Tendon harvesting method . 17 3.2.2 Tendon testing method . 17 3.3 Statistical analysis . 19 Chapter 4: Results . 21 4.1 Descriptive statistics for cadaveric and fresh tissue samples . 21 4.1. 1 Summary statistics: Peak load (N) and Modulus (MPa) for individual tendons . 21 4.2 Graphical representation of load versus extension for cadaver and fresh sample specimens . 27 4.2 Testing for Normality . 32 4.2.1 Tests for Normality for peak load (N) and modulus (MPa) for individual tendons32
The making of standards: looking inside the work groups

This article attempts to contribute to a better understanding of how standards actually emerge by taking a closer look at what is going on inside standards setting committees. It discusses the results of a study of senior committee members from the ISO, ITU and the IETF; who they are, where they come from, which rules they assume during the process, how they perceive this process, and what they feel actually influences its final outcome: the standard.
Greffons rénaux issus des donneurs décédés par arrêt circulatoire : optimisation du reconditionnement chez le donneur et de la conservation hypothermique

La transplantation est la meilleure alternative en cas d'insuffisance renale terminale. Face a la penurie de greffons, les equipes de transplantation se sont tournees notamment vers les donneurs decedes par arret circulatoire (DDAC) non controles. Ces greffons soumis a une periode d'ischemie chaude sont plus fragiles. Des methodes de reconditionnement chez le donneur par refroidissement in situ (RIS) et circulation regionale normothermique (CRN) se sont developpees afin de reduire les lesions d'ischemie-reperfusion. Le choix de la methode est laisse a l'appreciation de chaque equipe et il existe une grande heterogeneite des pratiques. Apres prelevement, l'utilisation des machines de perfusion hypothermique (MPH) est generalement recommandee. L'optimisation de ces phases de reconditionnement chez le donneur et de conservation hypothermique apparait comme un enjeu majeur de sante publique. Concernant l'optimisation du mode de reconditionnement, la mise au point d'un modele preclinique porcin parfaitement reproductible a permis de mettre en evidence une superiorite de la CRN sur le RIS. Une duree de CRN de 4 heures minimum sans depasser 6 heures parait optimale. Concernant la conservation hypothermique, les MPH permettent le maintien du niveau d'expression des genes retrouve en fin de CRN. L'ajout d'une oxygenation active en MPH ou de curcumine en solution statique ameliore le devenir du greffon a court et long termes dans un modele preclinique d'autogreffe. Ce travail pourrait s'etendre a l'etude d'autres organes, d'autres durees d'ischemie chaude et aux DDAC controles afin d'elargir encore le nombre d'organes eligibles a la transplantation.
An Improved Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Integrating Haar-Like Features and HOG Descriptors

Considering the importance of pedestrian detection in a variety of applications such as advanced robots and intelligent surveillance systems, this paper presents an improved pedestrian detection method through integrating Haar-like features, AdaBoost algorithm, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptor, and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, in which the head and shoulder information is utilized especially. Due to the fast training speed of Haar-like features and the high detection efficiency of HOG features, the proposed method can classify pedestrians precisely with higher speed. Experimental results validated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Could the “Stiff Rim Sign” Be an Indicator of Lysyl Oxidase Activity in Breast Cancer?

Background: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a non-invasive and easily applicable imaging modality, which can provide quantitative information of tissue stiffness. Peritumoral high SWE elasticity values (stiff rim sign) has been reported in many studies. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzyme is implicated in the formation of peri-tumoral stiffness. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between SWE measures with LOX gene expression levels in breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: Forty seven women were included in the study. The lesions evaluated by SWE and ultrasound guided tru-cut biopsies were performed from both of the central and peripheral parts. SWE values, LOX family gene expression levels, histopathological features of the lesions, as well as axillary and distant metastasis statuses were evaluated statistically. Results: Thirty of the patients had breast cancer (BC) (the patient group) and 17 of them had fibroadenoma (the control group). Lysyl oxidase like1 (LOXL1) expression level in BC samples (central parts) were found to be significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.022). Stiff rim sign was present in all BC lesions and none of the control group. The elastography values of the patient group were significantly higher than the control group statistically (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2 expressions and SWE parameters (P > 0.05) both for patient and control groups. Conclusion: Although there were no significant correlations between LOX expressions and SWE parameters in our study, axillary and distant metastasis were found to be correlated with SWE features, which emphasized the prognostic potential of SWE.
Determination of HMW – GS in wheat using SDS – PAGE and Lab-on-chip methods

SDS-PAGE is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, this method is time-consuming, especially at early stages of wheat breeding, when large number of samples needs to be analyzed. On the other hand, LoC (Lab-on-Chip) technique has the potential for a fast, reliable, and automatable analysis of proteins. Benefits and limitations of Lab-on-Chip method over SDS-PAGE method in gluten proteins evaluation were explored in order to determine in which way LoC method should be improved in order to make its results more compliant with the results of SDS-PAGE. Chip electrophoresis provides a very good reproducibility of HMW-GS patterns. Moreover this approach is much faster than the conventional SDS-PAGE methods requiring several hours for an analysis. Another advantage over traditional gel electrophoresis is lower sample and reagent volume requirements, as well as specialized protein standards for accurate reproducibility and quantification. In the present study, we identified novel complex allele located at the locus Glu-1B.
Performance comparison of the radio link protocols of IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2

Two wireless LAN standards are being developed in the 5 GHz band, namely IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. The physical layers of both standards use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme as the modulation and can provide several transmission modes with different data rates. The basic medium access mechanism in IEEE802.11a is based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), while HIPERLAN/2 rises centralised controlled multiple access. To support reliable transmission Stop and Wait ARQ and Selective Repeat ARQ schemes are adopted in IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2, respectively. This paper compares the data throughput provided by both standards in a radio cell with one access point and one mobile terminal. The simulation results show that HIPERLAN/2 provide higher data throughput than IEEE802.11a.
Effect of Teaching Breastfeeding Technique on Breastfeeding Position in Primiparous Women

Copyright© 2019, ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. ISSN: 2383-2312; Journal of Education and Community Health. 2019;6(1):11-15. DOI: 10.29252/jech.6. 1.11
Hand Motion Tracking System Using Inertial Measurement Units and Infrared Cameras

OF THE DISSERTATION HAND MOTION TRACKING SYSTEM USING INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS AND INFRARED CAMERAS by Nonnarit O-larnnithipong Florida International University, 2018 Miami, Florida Professor Armando Barreto, Major Professor This dissertation presents a novel approach to develop a system for real-time tracking of the position and orientation of the human hand in three-dimensional space, using MEMS inertial measurement units (IMUs) and infrared cameras. This research focuses on the study and implementation of an algorithm to correct the gyroscope drift, which is a major problem in orientation tracking using commercial-grade IMUs. An algorithm to improve the orientation estimation is proposed. It consists of: 1. ) Prediction of the bias o↵set error while the sensor is static, 2. ) Estimation of a quaternion orientation from the unbiased angular velocity, 3. ) Correction of the orientation quaternion utilizing the gravity vector and the magnetic North vector, and 4. ) Adaptive quaternion interpolation, which determines the final quaternion estimate based upon the current conditions of the sensor. The results verified that the implementation of the orientation correction algorithm using the gravity vector and the magnetic North vector is able to reduce the amount of drift in orientation tracking and is compatible with position tracking using infrared cameras for real-time human hand motion tracking. Thirty human subjects participated in an experiment to validate the performance of the hand motion tracking system. The statistical analysis shows that the error of position tracking is, on average, 1.7 cm in the x-axis, 1.0 cm in the y-axis, and 3.5 cm in
Location aware resource allocation for cognitive radio systems and compressed sensing based multiple access for wireless sensor networks

In this thesis, resource allocation and multiple access in cognitive radio (CR) and compressed sensing (CS)-based wireless networks are studied. Energy-efficiency oriented design becomes more and more important in wireless systems, which motivates us to propose a location-aware power strategy for single user and multiple users in CR systems and a CS-based processing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which reduces the number of data transmissions and energy consumption by utilizing sparsity of the transmitted data due to spatial correlation and temporal correlation. In particular, the work on location-aware power allocation in CR system gives a brief overview of the existing power allocation design in the literature and unifies them into a general power allocation framework. The impact of the network topology
Influence of Spent Coffee Ground as Fiber Source on Chemical, Rheological and Sensory Properties of Sponge Cake.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Since spent coffee grounds (SCGs) represented the main by-product from instant coffee industry, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of these residues as functional food ingredient in sponge cake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baked control sample (100% wheat flour) and three supplemented blends (98% wheat flour+2% SCGs, 96% wheat flour+4% SCGs and 94% wheat flour+6% SCGs) were subjected to chemical, rheological, texture, freshness, volatile, sensory and color analysis. RESULTS The SCGs are a promising source for dietary fiber (51.86%), protein (8.97%) and fat (13.89%) with a well-known negligible glycaemic sugar content. Supplemented sponge cake recipes with SCGs (2, 4 and 6%) reduced the degree of browning due to the lower glycaemic sugar content as well as the protein content in comparison to the control sample. A significant difference in the organoleptic properties were showed in all cake samples containing SCGs (p>0.05), which again may belong to the lower content of reduced sugars in SCGs. Volatiles extracted and identified using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME)/GC-MS have a lower content of furans, furanones and pyrazines in supplemented recipes due to the effect of lower glycemic sugar content. The higher dietary fiber content of SCGs increased volume, weight and the rheological properties of the sponge cake in addition to softened the texture. CONCLUSION Innovative sponge cake proved to have excellent nutritional and functional properties to be used for patients with obesity related diseases.
Modeling and robust adaptive control of metal cutting mechanical systems

In turning metal cutting, the occurrence of self-excited vibration, so called chatter, is undesirable as it gives rise to production problems, causing detrimental effects on the machined surface finish and decreasing the machining efficiency. Rather than using the commonly accepted linear Merchant model, the relationship of cutting force variation and chip thickness variation is treated as a hysteresis model, which has been proved to be able to explain the nonlinearity of the turning metal cutting process in a way that is much more accurate. In this case, the turning cutting systems can be described as a class of uncertain systems with hysteresis and time delay. A robust adaptive control scheme for the suppression of chatter occurrence due to the existence of hysteresis and time delay in metal cutting is proposed and the novelty is that the hysteresis model is first incorporated into the controller design for a metal cutting system. Simulation results show significant reduction of chatter by the proposed adaptive controller.
India’s Persian desire – analysing India’s maritime trade strategy vis-à-vis the Port of Chabahar

ABSTRACT Since the turn of the century, India has seen itself as the dominant maritime power in South Asia and has aspired to project this power across the Indian Ocean Region. The principle of a “net security provider” has, thus far, been most applicable in South Asia and around its littorals, but it is West Asia that will really test India’s diplomatic and maritime capabilities over the course of the coming years. West Asia has a complex structure of diplomatic and strategic intricacies, that India has to manoeuvre through, in order to achieve its interests. Adding to this, India has had to adopt a careful balancing act juggling its West Asian interests with those that it has elsewhere. The roles of trade, strategy, and ideology have never been as intertwined as they are in the contemporary age, and this region and the challenges it poses is the most complex weave India that is likely to face as it pushes forward into a new age of international relations. This paper addresses the bilateral realities of India and Iran in the context of India’s maritime strategy, and the geostrategies of other regional players such as China and Pakistan.
Resource-allocation strategy in integrated voice/data CDMA communication networks

To utilize the radio resource of mobile systems efficiently, we propose a resource-allocation strategy to integrate circuit-switched voice service and packet-switched data service in a CDMA communication system. The principle concept of this strategy is to schedule the data transmissions in accordance with the load of voice traffic and to ensure the predefined quality of service (QoS) requirements of all connections. We use power resource allocation to offer different service reliability (and QoS) for voice and data traffic. In addition, we develop an analytic method of low-complexity to consider all possible interference fluctuation patterns during a data packet transmission. Then, the performance measurements, such as outage probability of voice traffic, failure probability, throughput, and average delay of data traffic, are evaluated.