Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional evaluation of indigenous foods with potential food-based solution to alleviate hunger and malnutrition in Kenya

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional quality and key essentialnutrients in indigenous foodsconsumed by vulnerable groups to identify practical applications for alleviation of hunger and malnutrition in Kenya.Plant foods such as cereals, legumes and vegetables possess high nutritive value and functional properties which are associated with positive health and nutrition. Methodology and results : The indigenous foods were identified and selected on the basis of common food ingredients used by vulnerable groups in Kenya. They were evaluated for their nutritional composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles using standard methods. The foods contained 6-44% protein; 11-43% fat; 324-497 kcal energy; 15-57% carbohydrates; 25-328 mg/100g calcium; 1.0-51 mg/100g iron; 44-1320 mg/100g magnesium among others.The indigenous vegetables exhibited 3.2-63 mg/100g vitamin C and 0.7-5.1 mg/100g @-carotene contents while the grains showed 22-110 Ag/100g folic acid, 1.2-17.7 mg/100g niacin andhigh B Vitamins content. The total essential amino acid content ranged from 0.9 to 12.8% whilefatty acid levels were 4.8-33.6% palmitic, 1.5-9.0% stearic, 2.2-53.9% oleic, 4.5-53.7% linoleic and 0.9-60.4% B-linolenic acids. Conclusion and application of findings: The study demonstrated that the food ingredients were high in macroand micro-nutrients, essential amino acids and fatty acids, and could potentially be used in addressing nutrition and food security issues, particularly among vulnerable groups in Kenya. The study findings provide practical feasibility of on use of locally-produced formulations as low-cost alternatives in supplementary and emergency feeding programmes to reduce malnutrition and chronic diseases. These foods are low-cost and locally available and therefore offer food-based solutions to hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.
Pharmacokinetics of oral neratinib during co-administration of ketoconazole in healthy subjects.

AIM The primary objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of neratinib, a potent, low-molecular-weight, orally administered, irreversible pan-ErbB (ErbB-1, -2, -4) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, during co-administration with ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor. METHODS This was an open-label, randomized, two-period, crossover study. Fasting healthy adults received a single oral dose of neratinib 240 mg alone and with multiple oral doses of ketoconazole 400 mg. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h after each neratinib dose. Plasma concentration data were analyzed using a noncompartmental method. The least square geometric mean ratios [90% confidence interval (CI)] of C(max) (neratinib+ketoconazole): C(max) (neratinib alone), and AUC(neratinib+ketoconazole): AUC(neratinib alone) were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects were enrolled. Compared with neratinib administered alone, co-administration of ketoconazole increased neratinib C(max) by 3.2-fold (90% CI: 2.4, 4.3) and AUC by 4.8-fold (3.6, 6.5). Median t(max) was 6.0 h with both regimens. Ketoconazole decreased mean apparent oral clearance of neratinib from 346 lh(-1) to 87.1 lh(-1) and increased mean elimination half-life from 11.7 h to 18.0 h. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two regimens (50% neratinib alone, 65% co-administration with ketoconazole). CONCLUSION Co-administration of neratinib with ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A inhibitor, increased neratinib C(max) by 3.2-fold and AUC by 4.8-fold compared with administration of neratinib alone. These results indicate that neratinib is a substrate of CYP3A and is susceptible to interaction with potent CYP3A inhibitors and, thus, dose adjustments may be needed if neratinib is administered with such compounds.
The Long and Difficult Road to Alma-Ata: A Personal Reflection

This account of the events leading up to the Alma-Ata Conference in September 1978 (covering the years 1970 to 1978) is based on the author's recollections and his recent research of World Health Organization documents. The author builds his story around four themes: why the Soviets, in particular, wanted the conference; why the new WHO director-general did not; the time and energy lost by holding the conference; and what might have happened if it had not been held. The story involves not only people and their political and health ideologies but also reflections on the continuing question of how best to improve the health of communities. The account reveals how Alma-Ata constrained attempts by the new leadership of WHO to transform the way in which the organization fulfilled its international health responsibilities.
1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometric characterization of fat and water states in soft and hard cheese

The aim of this work was to study the spin–spin (T2) relaxation components of one hard cheese and three soft cheeses to characterize fat and water states. NMR signals were measured at 6 °C with a 0·47 T NMR device. The transverse relaxation decay was fitted using the Marquardt method. The T2 relaxometric behaviour of the cheeses under consideration was characterized by four relaxation components. To understand the chemical composition of each NMR component, we studied anhydrous milk fat extracted from each cheese analysed. At 6 °C, the fat was 60% crystalline. In cheese, the solid fat was found mainly in the shorter relaxation component with a T2 of 17 μs. The intensity of the NMR relaxation with a T2 > 1 ms was explained by the amount of water, liquid fat and proteins, and the associated relaxation time varied as a function of the process used. The composition of each relaxation component was confirmed by the temperature effect and the influence of the fat content on the NMR cheese signal. NMR relaxometry was able to provide information on water behaviour (i.e. the quantity and level of interactions with proteins) and on the solid[ratio ]liquid ratio of anhydrous milk fat in the cheese.
HR practices and turnover intention: the mediating roles of organizational commitment and organizational engagement in a selected region in Malaysia

This study examined the mediating effects of organizational commitment (OC) and organizational engagement (OE) on the relationship between human resource (HR) practices (career management, performance appraisal, compensation, person–job fit and job control) and turnover intention. A total of 457 employees working in various sectors in a selected region in Malaysia participated in this study. It was found that all the variables used to measure HR practices have significant effects on OC and OE. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that career management and job control did not have any significant influence on turnover intention. OC and OE were discovered to give partial mediating effects on the relationship between HR practices and turnover intention.
Varicella Outbreak in a Daycare: Challenges and Opportunities for Preventing Varicella Outbreaks in this Setting

As a result of single-dose varicella vaccination, daycare outbreaks have become rare. We investigated a daycare outbreak resulting from a misdiagnosed varicella case in an unvaccinated attendee. Of 25 attendees aged 12–32 months without evidence of immunity, 7 (28%) were unvaccinated due to religious/philosophical opposition or recent 1st birthday. Single-dose vaccination reduced disease by 92% compared with no vaccination.
The incidence of peritoneal dialysis-related infection in Thailand: a nationwide survey.

OBJECTIVE Implementation of the "Peritoneal Dialysis-First (PD First)" policy, mandating PD as the first modality of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients under universal health coverage, leads to a rapid growth of PD cases and centers in Thailand. Since PD-related infection is the Achilles' heel of PD, this retrospective study was conducted to examine the magnitude of PD-related infection in Thailand under the "PD First" policy. MATERIAL AND METHOD All PD centers in Thailand were included in the present study. PD nurse specialists in each center were requested to review medical records of all patients undergoing PD during October 1, 2009 to September 30, 2010 and to submit data to the main investigators. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of all active PD-centers in Thailand (102 out of 116) participated in the present study. One hundred and thirty-three nephrologists and 220 PD nurse specialists served 8,201 PD prevalent patients in these centers (7,925 CAPD and 276 APD). The overall exit-site infection (ESI) rate was 1 episode/37.7 patient-month (0.32 episodes/patient-year) while the overall peritonitis rate was 1 episode/25.5 patient-month (0.47 episode/patient-year). CONCLUSION Despite the rapid growth of PD cases under the limited resource, the PD-related infection rates in Thailand are only small degree behind the goal of Asia-Pacific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Task Force.
Body size and early growth in appropriate‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age infants

Aims: To study weight, length, body composition, sleeping energy expenditure (SEE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) at birth and at 5 mo of age in both adequate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) subjects; to compare the changes in body weight and body composition adjusting for gender, age, SEE, RQ and several maternal factors; to investigate the contribution of initial SEE and RQ to changes in body weight and body composition. Methods: Sixty‐nine neonates were recruited among term infants in the University Hospital of Verona, Italy. Forty‐nine subjects participated until follow‐up. At birth and follow‐up, weight and length were measured and arm‐fat area and arm‐muscle area were calculated from triceps and subscapular skinfolds. SEE and RQ were measured by indirect calorimetry. Results: At birth, weight, length, arm‐muscle and arm‐fat areas were significantly higher in LGA subjects than in AGA subjects. Weight status, SEE and RQ at birth did not explain the relative weight change after adjusting for gestational weight, placental weight, age at follow‐up and gender. Arm‐fat area and weight/length ratio at birth were negatively associated with relative changes in body weight after adjusting for the above variables (p < 0.05).
Trans-Species Comparison of PPAR and RXR Expression by Rat and Human Urothelial Tissues

Because some investigational peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonists cause tumors in the lower urinary tract of rats, we compared normal human and rat urothelium in terms of PPAR and retinoid X receptor (RXR) expression and proliferation-associated phenotypes. In situ, few human but most rat urothelial cells were Ki67 positive, indicating fundamental differences in cell cycle control. Rat and human urothelia expressed all 3 PPAR and the RXRα and RXRβ isoforms in a predominantly nuclear localization, indicating that they may be biologically active. However, immunolocalization differences were observed between species. First, whereas PPARα and PPARβ/δ were expressed throughout the human bladder or ureteric urothelium, in the rat urothelium PPARα was primarily, and PPARβ/δ exclusively, restricted to superficial cells. Second, RXRβ was restricted to intermediate and superficial layers of the human urothelium but tended to be absent from the rat superficial cells. Third, PPARγ expression was present throughout the urothelia of both species but was most intense in the superficial human urothelium. Species differences were also observed in the expression of PPAR and RXR isoforms between cultured rat and human urothelial cells and in the smooth muscle. Our findings highlight the unique coexpression of multiple PPAR and RXR isoforms by urothelium and suggest that species differences in PPAR function between rat and human urothelia may be explored in an in vitro setting.
Cultural and Subcultural Meanings of the Menopause

While the menopause has been a subject of international interest since the 1960s, most research on this topic, by physician researchers, during the last twenty years, has concentrated on hormonal replacement therapy for climacteric symptoms. From the early 1970s, social and behavioral scientists also started to study the menopause cross-culturally , concentrating on age at onset, as well as climacteric symptoms, completely apart from hormonal treatment. The medical and socialibehavioral disciplines have only occasionally cooperated in doing joint research on the menopause. This paper will describe an interdisciplinary research project, by an anthropologist and a physician, that will illustrate how interdisciplinary research can be beneficial to both sciences, and may serve as one type of model for future interdisciplinary research on the menopause.
Aerodigestive Tract Foreign Bodies in the Older Child and Adolescent

This study was undertaken in order to establish the incidence of aerodigestive tract foreign body accidents among older children and adolescents, and to investigate the circumstances surrounding these events. A review of patients treated over a 5-year period identified 367 children from whom aerodigestive tract foreign bodies were removed. Seventeen percent of these patients were 5 years of age or older. Among these children, 88% aspirated nonfood items, half of which were school supplies; 78% of the group 5 years old and under aspirated food items. Among older children with esophageal foreign bodies, 31 % had food impactions, compared with 7% in the younger group; 70% of these children had a history of some anatomic abnormality of the esophagus. These data suggest that older children and adolescents represent a distinct group of patients at risk for foreign body accidents. Pediatricians and parents of children in this age group should discourage the practice of using the oral cavity as a repository for school supplies, and should stress the need for adequate preparation and mastication of food, particularly among children with esophageal abnormalities.
On One More Property of the Ideal Array Element Pattern

An infinite planar array of controlled elements in the form of overlapped subarrays excited through a multiport circuit is considered. It is analytically shown that the contour element (subarray) pattern with an ideal contour shape corresponding to the absence of backward mutual coupling and, as a consequence, to the 100% element efficiency can be exactly formed at a definite amplitude distribution over the densely arranged small ideal subarray radiators in spite of the fact that each such a radiator in the subarray has low efficiency caused by the presence of backward mutual coupling. If the small ideal radiators are controlled directly (without the multiport circuit), the contour pattern can be formed with 100% array efficiency for any shape of the contour. If the radiators are not ideal, then the efficiency of the array shaping the contour pattern is determined by averaging the mismatch efficiency of the uniformly excited array scanning over the region bounded by the contour pattern.
Modeling the Hα line emission around classical T Tauri stars using magnetospheric accretion and disk wind models

Context. Spectral observations of classical T Tauri stars show a wide range of line profiles, many of which reveal signs of matter inflow and outflow. Hα is the most commonly observed line profile owing to its intensity, and it is highly dependent on the characteristics of the surrounding environment of these stars. Aims. Our aim is to analyze how the Hα line profile is affected by the various parameters of our model, which contains both the magnetospheric and disk wind contributions to the Hα flux. Methods. We used a dipolar axisymmetric stellar magnetic field to model the stellar magnetosphere, and a modified Blandford & Payne model was used in our disk wind region. A three-level atom with continuum was used to calculate the required hydrogen level populations. We used the Sobolev approximation and a ray-by-ray method to calculate the integrated line profile. Through an extensive study of the model parameter space, we investigated the contribution of many of the model parameters to the calculated line profiles. Results. Our results show that the Hα line is strongly dependent on the densities and temperatures inside the magnetosphere and the disk wind region. The bulk of the flux comes most of the time from the magnetospheric component for standard classical T Tauri star parameters, but the disk wind contribution becomes more important as the mass accretion rate, the temperatures, and the densities inside the disk wind increase. We also found that most of the disk wind contribution to the Hα line is emitted at the innermost region of the disk wind. Conclusions. Models that take into consideration both inflow and outflow of matter are a necessity to fully understand and describe classical T Tauri stars.
Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatocyte growth factor and c‐Met in plasma cell disease

Wader K F, Fagerli U‐M, Børset M, Lydersen S, Hov H, Sundan A, Bofin A & Waage A (2012) Histopathology60,443–451 Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatocyte growth factor and c‐Met in plasma cell disease
Studies on the variants of the protein toxins ricin and abrin.

This study elucidates some structural and biological features of galactose-binding variants of the cytotoxic proteins ricin and abrin. An isolation procedure is reported for ricin variants from Ricinus communis seeds by using lactamyl-Sepharose affinity matrix, similar to that reported previously for variants of abrin from Abrus precatorius seeds [Hegde, R. , Maiti, T. K. & Podder, S. K. (1991) Anal. Biochem. 194, 101-109]. Ricin variants, subfractionated on carboxymethyl-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography, were characterized further by SDS/PAGE, IEF and a binding assay. Based on the immunological cross-reactivity of antibody raised against a single variant of each of ricin and abrin, it was established that all the variants of the corresponding type are immunologically indistinguishable. Analysis of protein titration curves on an immobilized pH gradient indicated that variants of abrin I differ from other abrin variants, mainly in their acidic groups and that variance in ricin is a cause of charge substitution. Detection of subunit variants of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that there are twice as many subunit variants as there are variants of holoproteins, suggesting that each variant has a set of subunit variants, which, although homologous, are not identical to the subunits of any other variant with respect to pI. Seeds obtained from polymorphic species of R. communis showed no difference in the profile of toxin variants, as analyzed by isoelectric focussing. Toxin variants obtained from red and white varieties of A. precatorius, however, showed some difference in the number of variants as well as in their relative intensities. Furthermore, variants analyzed from several single seeds of A. precatorius red type revealed a controlled distribution of lectin variants in three specific groups, indicating an involvement of at least three genes in the production of Abrus lectins. The complete absence or presence of variants in each group suggested a post-translational differential proteolytic processing, a secondary event in the production of abrin variants.
OCCURRENCE OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITA IN TURKISH WHITE CHEESE CONSUMED IN KARABÜK REGION-TURKEY

In this study, occurence of a s pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica in white cheese was studied. 100 white cheese samples were collected from Karabük of which 50 samples from open markets, 30 samples from A, B, C firms and 20 samples from supermarkets. Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in the samples were analysed by using the ISO method which is a conventional methodology for the investigation of foodborne pathogens. It has been isolated and identified in 8 samples (8%) out of 100 white cheese samples which may be considered as potential health hazard for public.
Comparative proteomics of extracellular proteins in vitro and in planta from the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum

High‐throughput MS/MS was used to identify proteins secreted by Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) during growth on 13 media in vitro and in planta during infection of wheat heads. In vitro secreted proteins were collected from the culture filtrates, and in planta proteins were collected by vacuum infiltration. A total of 289 proteins (229 in vitro and 120 in planta) were identified with high statistical confidence. Forty‐nine of the in planta proteins were not found in any of the in vitro conditions. The majority (91–100%) of the in vitro proteins had predicted signal peptides, but only 56% of the in planta proteins. At least 13 of the nonsecreted proteins found only in planta were single‐copy housekeeping enzymes, including enolase, triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, calmodulin, aconitase, and malate dehydrogenase. The presence of these proteins in the in planta but not in vitro secretome might indicate that significant fungal lysis occurs during pathogenesis. On the other hand, several of the proteins lacking signal peptides that were found in planta have been reported to be potent immunogens secreted by animal pathogenic fungi, and therefore could be important in the interaction between F. graminearum and its host plants.
Effect of gestational nicotine treatment on newborn rat retina: a histopathological and morphometric analysis

Background: Smoking is a significant risk factor in several debilitating and fatal diseases. It has been implicated in bilateral tobacco‐toxic and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathies. Although it has been demonstrated that smoking has a cumulative effect on retinal and optic nerve functions and causes diffuse and localised retinal sensitivity decrease in healthy chronic heavy smokers, the affected retinal layer has not been identified and there is no experimental study investigating the effect of nicotine exposure during gestation on the newborn rat retina.
A Data-Driven Approach for Agent-Based Modeling: Simulating the Dynamics of Family Formation

In this paper, we propose a data-driven agent-based modeling approach that boosts the strength of agent-based models (ABM) in the dynamics of family formation. The proposed model analyzes the impact of socioeconomic factors on individual decisions about family formations. The key features of our model are the heterogeneous nature regarding agentâ€™s age and socioeconomic factors: income and education. Based on these attributes, agents take decisions about acceptable partners and transition to family formation. One of our objectives is to fill the gap that exists between the methodologies of demography and agent-based social simulation. Making such a connection between these two approaches, this model attempts to incorporate empirical data into agent-based social simulation which enables us to analyze the transition of family formation effectively. Further, our simulated results depict the patterns of the hazards of family formation that are observed at micro-level dynamics and explains how marriage patterns change overtime. The proposed work gives a strong insight to strengthen the extent of demographic analysis through data-driven agent-based approach.