Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major Approaches on the CAD/CAM System in Prosthodontics and Implants: A Review

Introduction: Since 1980s, the use of CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems in dentistry came into force. The CAD/CAM system was introduced in dentistry with the purpose of promoting the manufacture of prostheses based on the last generation three-dimensional system. Objective: The present work aimed to present the main benefits of the CAD/CAM system for the creation of dental prostheses, making historical research and its relevance in contemporary dentistry. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized trials) with qualitative and / or quantitative analysis. The words were included Dental implants, Dental Prostheses and CAD/CAM system. Conclusion: The use of digital tools for the automated manufacturing of implant and prosthesis parts (CAD/CAM system) is a viable reality in dentistry. This system produces high-quality, standardized, accurate prosthetic restorations with perfect detail.
Assessment of Anxiety and Depression among Heart Failure Patients at King Faisal Cardiac Center, King Khalid Hospital, Jeddah

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are extremely common in Saudi Arabia. Depression and anxiety is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure disease and heralds adverse cardiovascular outcomes and increased health care costs. The aim is to assess the occurrence and severity level of anxiety and depression among heart failure patients. Methods: A Cross sectional correlational survey design was used to recruit 60 heart failure patients from King Faiesal cardiac center at King Khalid hospital Jeddah. The Arabic version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Zung self-rating depression scale were adopted and used to collect data. The results revealed that only (15%) of the study population have mild degree of depression while the majority 78.9% have moderate level of anxiety compared by 10.0% have severe level of anxiety. The study results showed a 23.52% of severe anxiety among patients who were diagnosed with heart failure 6-20 years ago and female, who had higher educational level and history of heart failure are at risk for depression and anxiety more than male patients. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression comorbid with heart failure patients with different degree starting from mild to severe level of anxiety and only mild level of depression was reported among study population. Female gender, duration of illness and pervious history of heart failure and psychiatric illness have an association with the severity of depression and anxiety with apparent significant difference among study population. Therefore, awareness training program targeting patients to help them detect depression and anxiety manifestations that may affect them either because of their long life chronic disease or dependency feeling on their families. Moreover, providing heart failure patients with psychosocial and Liaison psychiatric services to support patients’ mental health problems through referral or follow up.
High-dimensional Bayesian inference via the unadjusted Langevin algorithm

We consider in this paper the problem of sampling a high-dimensional probability distribution $\pi$ having a density with respect to the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$, known up to a normalization constant $x \mapsto \pi(x)= \mathrm{e}^{-U(x)}/\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \mathrm{e}^{-U(y)} \mathrm{d} y$. Such problem naturally occurs for example in Bayesian inference and machine learning. Under the assumption that $U$ is continuously differentiable, $\nabla U$ is globally Lipschitz and $U$ is strongly convex, we obtain non-asymptotic bounds for the convergence to stationarity in Wasserstein distance of order $2$ and total variation distance of the sampling method based on the Euler discretization of the Langevin stochastic differential equation, for both constant and decreasing step sizes. The dependence on the dimension of the state space of these bounds is explicit. The convergence of an appropriately weighted empirical measure is also investigated and bounds for the mean square error and exponential deviation inequality are reported for functions which are measurable and bounded. An illustration to Bayesian inference for binary regression is presented to support our claims.
Prevalence of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Correctional Officers: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT In addition to the daily stressors of the job, correctional officers are exposed to violence, direct threat to themselves, and ultimately workplace injury at rates considerably higher than that of other workers. Yet, while the mental health aftermath of such exposures have been frequently studied in other public safety professions, the consequences for correctional officers are relatively unknown. The current systematic review examines the existing literature on correctional officers to provide prevalence estimates of PTSD, acute stress disorder, major depression and anxiety disorder. The literature on this topic is very limited, but nevertheless provides evidence of high prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety when compared to other occupational groups and the general population. PTSD is most strongly associated with physical violence and injury encountered on the job. Depression and anxiety are most strongly associated with low levels of perceived support from the organization, low job satisfaction, and low-perceived social valuing of the roles these officers perform. These findings have implications for future research and for occupational health and safety interventions in support of these key members of the public safety workforce.
Patterned Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves Produces Natural Sensations With Regards to Location but Not Quality

Sensory feedback is crucial for dexterous manipulation and sense of ownership. Electrical stimulation of severed afferent fibers due to an amputation elicits referred sensations in the missing limb. However, these sensations are commonly reported with a concurrent “electric” or “tingling” character (paresthesia). In this paper, we examined the effect of modulating different pulse parameters on the quality of perceived sensations. Three subjects with above-elbow amputation were implanted with cuff electrodes and stimulated with a train of pulses modulated in either amplitude, width, or frequency (“patterned stimulation”). Pulses were shaped using a slower carrier wave or via quasi-random generation. Subjects were asked to evaluate the natural quality of the resulting sensations using a numeric rating scale. We found that the location of the percepts was distally referred and somatotopically congruent, but their quality remained largely perceived as artificial despite employing patterned modulation. Sensations perceived as arising from the missing limb are intuitive and natural with respect to their location and, therefore, useful for functional restoration. However, our results indicate that sensory transformation from paresthesia to natural qualia seems to require more than patterned stimulation.
Three Cases of Intra-familial Transmission of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Treated with Acyclovir

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness that presents mainly in children but also in adults with constitutional symptoms such as low-grade fever, malaise, and myalgia in addition to macular, maculopapular, or papulovesicular skin lesions on hands, feet, and mouth. No specific antiviral therapy is available for HFMD as most cases have a benign clinical course with complete resolution of symptoms and signs within 7 to 10 day. To our knowledge, three previous studies have demonstrated prompt symptomatic relief and shortened disease course after initiating treatment with acyclovir. Case Presentation: Three cases of intra-familial transmission HFMD including two young siblings (2-year-old boy and 4-year-old boy) and their 37-year-old immunocompetent mother. The diagnosis was made clinically and therapy with oral acyclovir was initiated within 24 hours of first lesion appearance for all three cases. The young siblings received oral acyclovir 200 mg four times daily, while their immunocompetent mother received acyclovir 800 mg four times daily. In the two young siblings, new lesions stopped appearing and most existing lesions showed noticeable involution after a single day of treatment. Significant reduction in pruritus and defervescence were also noted at this time. Complete resolution was achieved with three days of acyclovir therapy. The single vesicle observed on their mother showed complete resolution after a single day of treatment. Conclusion: We present three studies of HFMD successfully treated with acyclovir to demonstrate the therapeutic benefit of acyclovir for symptomatic HFMD in young children and adults. Early initiation of oral acyclovir may influence the disease course by shortening the duration and intensity of symptoms. In the case of outbreaks, in particular, acyclovir should be considered as it may offer benefit to the population at large. We recommend a randomized, controlled trial to further investigate the therapeutic role of acyclovir in HFMD.
Comparative survey of factors associated with illness-related knowledge among patients with severe mental illness and their caregivers

Background: Knowledge about the illness and treatment is important for treatment adherence and positive outcomes in patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and their caregivers. The current study aimed at comparing the knowledge of the patients with SMI and their caregivers, and its relationship with their sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational study conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care general hospital and comprised 50 dyads of patients with SMIs and their caregivers. Information was collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Comparison of knowledge between groups was performed using the Chi-square test, and the relationship of knowledge with their sociodemographic variables was analyzed using logistic regression test. Results: There was a lack of knowledge among participating dyads for most of the illness- and treatment-related variables. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in regard to their knowledge about the name of the illness, how medical comorbidity and comorbid substance use affect psychiatric illness, brand name of the medicine, adverse effect, duration of treatment, role of investigation in diagnosis and treatment, and psychosocial rehabilitation (P < 0.001). The difference in knowledge was also observed regarding the formulation of medicine other than tablets and mechanism of its action (P < 0.05). Dyads with higher socioeconomic status had more knowledge about some but not all aspects of their illness. Conclusion: The patients and their caregivers lacked knowledge about many important illnesses-related variables. It is important to psychoeducate in routine clinical practice.
Exchange nailing versus augmentative plating in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing: a meta-analysis

With advances in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing, the optimal option remains controversial. This study aimed to quantitatively investigate outcomes in a comparison of exchange nailing and augmentative plating for femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing. The EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane library and Clinical databases were systematically searched dating from their inception to March 2018. All retrospective controlled and prospective trials evaluating exchange nailing and augmentative plating for the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing were identified. Two investigators extracted all related data independently and we used the review manager software to perform the meta-analysis. Three studies with a total of 232 patients were eligible for data extraction in our study. The meta-analysis indicated that the augmentative plating group had a lower nonunion rate, shorter time to union, less intra-operative blood loss, and shorter operative time than the exchange nailing group. While for the infection rate, there was no significant difference between augmentative plating and exchange nailing group. The available evidence has shown that augmentative plating is superior to exchange nailing for femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:513-518. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4. 180054
Effects of the Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT-Bobath) in the Mobility of Adults with Neurological Disorders

Background: Bobath method was initially applied in adults and then in children with cerebral palsy. Studies conducted in recent years have shown that the NDT-Bobath method improves function and mobility among persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Hemiplegia. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of NDT-Bobath method in the mobility of patients with neurological disorders (hemiplegia, multiple sclerosis), as evaluated using the TUG, BBS, TMT, and MAS tests. Methods: The study included 20 persons with neurological disorders (11 persons with multiple sclerosis and 9 persons with hemiplegia). The mean age of the participants was 38.7 ± 13.9 years and mean body mass was 65.1 ± 13.1 kg. The participants in the two groups Low Frequency (LF) and High Frequency (HF) followed two different intervention Bobath-NDT programs in terms of frequency. For the statistical analysis a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Results: Bobath-NDT method improves both mobility and functionality of patients with neurological disorders (BBS, p = 0.095 and Tinetti test, p = 0.099) but did not improve spasticity according to the results of MAS scale, p = 0.095. Conclusions: Overall, the results of the present investigation provided considerable evidence suggesting that Bobath-NDT method improves mobility according to the tests (BBS, TMT), but did not improve spasticity according to the results of MAS scale. Therefore, it was concluded that Bobath-NDT method improves both mobility and functionality of patients with neurological disorders. More researches will have to be done in the future.
Rastreamento de fragilidade em idosos por instrumento autorreferido

OBJECTIVE To validate a screening instrument using self-reported assessment of frailty syndrome in older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Saude, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento study conducted in Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 433 older adult individuals (≥ 75 years) assessed in 2009. The self-reported instrument can be applied to older adults or their proxy respondents and consists of dichotomous questions directly related to each component of the frailty phenotype, which is considered the gold standard model: unintentional weight loss, fatigue, low physical activity, decreased physical strength, and decreased walking speed. The same classification proposed in the phenotype was utilized: not frail (no component identified); pre-frail (presence of one or two components), and frail (presence of three or more components). Because this is a screening instrument, “process of frailty” was included as a category (pre-frail and frail). Cronbach’s α was used in psychometric analysis to evaluate the reliability and validity of the criterion, the sensitivity, the specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values. Factor analysis was used to assess the suitability of the proposed number of components. RESULTS Decreased walking speed and decreased physical strength showed good internal consistency (α = 0.77 and 0.72, respectively); however, low physical activity was less satisfactory (α = 0.63). The sensitivity and specificity for identifying pre-frail individuals were 89.7% and 24.3%, respectively, while those for identifying frail individuals were 63.2% and 71.6%, respectively. In addition, 89.7% of the individuals from both the evaluations were identified in the “process of frailty” category. CONCLUSIONS The self-reported assessment of frailty can identify the syndrome among older adults and can be used as a screening tool. Its advantages include simplicity, rapidity, low cost, and ability to be used by different professionals.
Prevalence of dry eye disease among individuals with diabetes mellitus attending out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital

1 (MS) Senior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, ASCOMS, Jammu 2 (DO, DNB) Mohanlal Memorial Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh 3 Intern Scholar, Government Medical College, Srinagar *Corresponding Author Shiraz Ahmad Bhat Mohanlal Memorial Gandhi Eye Hospital Aligarh Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus being one of the systemic diseases which affects almost every system of our body and may cause multiple complications. Objectives: To estimate prevalence and clinical characteristics of DED among diabetic patients. Methods: All the diabetic patients attending the out-patient unit of Postgraduate department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Associated SMHS Hospital who gave written informed consent and willingly participated in the study were included in the study. Socio-demographic data, clinical data pertaining to diabetes symptoms, duration of disease, presenting illness and other co-morbid conditions was collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested structured questionnaire. All the study participants were subjected to visual acuity test and slit-lamp examination. DED was confirmed by tear film break up time (TBUT) and Schirmer’s I test. Diagnosis was established by positivity of one or both the tests (TBUT or Schirmer’s test). Results: The studied individuals were between the age ranges of 40-79 years with mean age of 56 ± 13.6 years. Among the studied sample, 49 (54.4%) were females, 36(40%) were doing elementary jobs while the educational status of most of the patients, 42(46.6%) was intermediate/diploma holders. Majority of the studied patients 34 (37.8%) belonged to Upper middle (II) class. Among the patients 31 (34.4%) were having moderate type retinopathy on fundoscopy examination, majority 45(50%) had thin tear meniscus height. In our study, a total of 47(52.2%) patients had dry eyes which was further classified into mild 21(23.3%), moderate 16(17.8%) and severe 10(11.1). Conclusion: Dry eye disease is a common entity among individuals with diabetes mellitus and the estimated prevalence of DED at our hospital is about 52%.
Trichosporon japonicum Fungemia and Ventricular Assist Device Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient

Abstract Trichosporon species are emerging opportunistic yeasts that cause life-threatening disseminated disease in severely immunocompromised patients. Trichosporon japonicum is a very rare cause of invasive trichosporonosis. We describe a case of Trichosporon japonicum fungemia in an immunocompetent patient with a transcutaneous biventricular assist device.
The Increment of Short-term Variability of Repolarisation Determines the Severity of the Imminent Arrhythmic Outcome

Ventricular remodelling can make the heart more susceptible to ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of initiation of ventricular arrhythmias and the determining factors for its severity has the potential to uncover new interventions. Beat-to-beat variation of repolarisation, quantified as short-term variability of repolarisation (STV), has been identified as an important factor contributing to arrhythmogenesis. This article provides an overview of experimental data about STV in relation to the initiation of torsades de pointes in a canine model of complete chronic atrioventricular block susceptible to torsades de pointes arrhythmias. Furthermore, it explores STV in relation to the severity of the arrhythmic outcome.
The Effect of Gabapentin on Postoperative Pain of Orthopedic Surgery of Lower Limb by Sciatic and Femoral Blockage in Children: A Clinical Trial

Background There are meta-analyzes in adults demonstrating the benefits of using gabapentin to improve postoperative pain in orthopedic surgeries. In pediatrics, it has never been studied. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of gabapentin 10 mg/kg, orally, in postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability and its pre/postoperative anxiolytic effect in children subjected to unilateral inferior limb surgery. Methods We performed a double-blinded, randomized study. 84 patients in Albert Sabin Children’s Hospital were selected for elective surgery that were divided into 2 groups: gabapentin group, who received gabapentin 1 to 2 hours before the procedure and the control group. Both groups were submitted to the same general anesthesia protocol with 0.125% bupivacaine femoral and sciatic block. Patients received scheduled dipyrone and morphine was used as the rescue analgesic up to 2/2 h. Postoperative pain was assessed using a scale appropriate for age (CRIES, CHIPPS or Wong-Baker face scale). We registered hemodynamic parameters, analgesic consumption and pre/postoperative anxiolytics. Results A decrease in pain intensity in the 4th and 8th postoperative hours was observed in gabapentin group, both groups had the same opioid consumption. Children in the gabapentin group had an odds ratio of 25.6 for preoperative sedation and gabapentin promoted reduction of postoperative agitation. During orotracheal intubation the gabapentin group exhibited attenuation of the hemodynamic response. Conclusions Gabapentin was superior to placebo in reducing postoperative pain. Children who received gabapentin were more sedated in the operating room, less agitated in the postoperative period and the autonomic response to intubation was reduced.