Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hu antigen R is required for NOX-1 but not NOX-4 regulation by inflammatory stimuli in vascular smooth muscle cells

Objective: NOX-1 and NOX-4 are key enzymes responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) is implicated in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression; however, its role regulating NOX is unknown. We investigated transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms underlying angiotensin II (AngII) and IL-1&bgr; regulation of NOX-1 and NOX-4 in VSMC and their implications in cell migration. Methods: Rat and human VSMC were stimulated with AngII (0.1 &mgr;mol/l) and/or IL-1&bgr; (10 ng/ml). NOX-1 and NOX-4 mRNA and protein levels, NOX-1 and NOX-4 promoter and 3′UTR activities, NADPH oxidase activity, ROS production, and cell migration were studied. Results: IL-1&bgr; increased NOX-1 expression, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production, and decreased NOX-4 expression and H2O2 production in VSMC. AngII potentiated the IL-1&bgr;-mediated induction of NOX-1 expression, NADPH oxidase activity, ROS production, and cell migration. However, AngII did not influence IL-1&bgr;-induced NOX-4 downregulation. AngII + IL-1&bgr; interfered with the decay of NOX-1 mRNA and promoted HuR binding to NOX-1 mRNA. Moreover, HuR blockade reduced NOX-1 mRNA stability and AngII + IL-1&bgr;-induced NOX-1 mRNA levels. IL-1&bgr; decreased NOX-4 expression through a transcriptional mechanism that involved response elements situated in the proximal promoter. AngII and/or IL-1&bgr;-induced cell migration were prevented by NOX-1 and HuR blockade and were augmented by NOX-4 overexpression. Conclusion: In VSMC HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization is partially responsible for AngII + IL-1&bgr;-dependent NOX-1 expression, whereas transcriptional mechanisms are involved in decreased NOX-4 expression induced by IL-1&bgr;. NOX4 and HuR regulation of NOX-1 contributes to VSMC migration, important in vascular inflammation and remodeling.
Mechanisms behind operating room blood transfusions in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients with insignificant bleeding.

OBJECTIVE To investigate situations in cardiac surgery when transfusions are sometimes used for indications other than to compensate for surgical bleeding. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Cardiac surgery unit at a university teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (n = 2,469). INTERVENTIONS A subgroup of patients with surgical bleeding of < or = 400 mL (n = 982) was selected to identify mechanisms leading to perioperative erythrocyte transfusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bleeding of >400 mL triggered transfusion. At less than this bleeding volume, other indications were noted: unstable angina, use of blood cardioplegia, and bad surgical outcome, such as inotropic support. After exclusion of these predictors and anemic patients, the strongest predictors were female gender (p < 0.001), weight < or = 70 kg (p < 0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time > or = 90 minutes (p = 0.002), CPB cooling < or = 32 degrees C (p = 0.038), and advanced age (p < 0.001). Results from a more detailed study of medical records showed that within its normal concentration range, the operating room-transfused patients had lower hemoglobin levels. When followed postoperatively in the intensive care unit and ward, these patients continued to receive more transfusions (p < 0.05) even though their bleeding in the intensive care unit did not differ from the control subjects. CONCLUSION Some patients are transfused because of institutional bias of an anticipated need rather than for true surgical bleeding. A concern of hemodilution from standard CPB circuits suggests a possible advantage with low-priming volume for smaller adult female patients.
Self-Estimates of Intelligence: A Study in Two African Countries

Black and White South Africans (n = 181) and Nigerians (n = 135) completed a questionnaire concerning the estimations of their own and their relatives' (father, mother, sister, brother) multiple intelligences as well as beliefs about the IQ concept. In contrast to previous results (A. Furnham, 2001), there were few gender differences in self-estimates. In a comparison of Black and White South Africans, it was clear the Whites gave higher estimates for self, parents, and brothers. However, overall IQ estimates for self and all relatives hovered around the mean of 100. When Black South Africans and Nigerians were compared, there were both gender and nationality differences on the self-estimates with men giving higher self-estimates than women and Nigerians higher self-estimates than South Africans. There were also gender and nationality differences in the answers to questions about IQ. The authors discuss possible reasons for the relatively few gender differences in this study compared with other studies as well as possible reasons for the cross-cultural difference.
Signal Responsiveness of IκB Kinases Is Determined by Cdc37-assisted Transient Interaction with Hsp90*

The IκB kinase (IKK) holocomplex, containing the kinases IKKα, IKKβ, and the scaffold NEMO (NF-κB essential modifier), mediates activation of NF-κB by numerous physiological stimuli. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and the co-chaperone Cdc37 have been indicated as additional subunits, but their specific functions in signal transduction are indistinct. Using an RNA interference approach, we demonstrate that Cdc37 recruits Hsp90 to the IKK complex in a transitory manner, preferentially via IKKα. Binding is conferred by N-terminal as well as C-terminal residues of Cdc37. Cdc37 is essential for the maturation of de novo synthesized IKKs into enzymatically competent kinases but not for assembly of an IKK holocomplex. Mature IKKs, T-loop-phosphorylated after stimulation either by receptor-mediated signaling or upon DNA damage, further require Hsp90-Cdc37 to generate an activated state. Thus, the present data denote Hsp90-Cdc37 as a transiently acting essential regulatory component of IKK signaling.
Proteolytic Cascade Enzymes Increase in Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rat

Cerebral infarction initiates a cascade of molecular events, leading to proteolytic cell death. Matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) are neutral proteases involved in extracellular matrix damage. Type IV collagenase is an MMP that increases cerebral capillary permeability after intracerebral injection and may be important along with plasminogen activators (PA) in secondary brain edema in stroke. Therefore, we measured MMPs and PAs in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) or Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Brain tissue was assayed for MMPs and PAs at 1, 3, 12, and 24 h and 5 days after occlusion, using substrate gel Polyacrylamide electrophoresis (zymography). SHR showed an increase in 92-kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B) in the infarcted hemisphere compared with the opposite side at 12 and 24 h (p < 0.05). Gelatinase A remained the same in both infarcted and normal tissue until 5 days after injury, when it increased significantly (p < 0.05). Urokinase-type PA was increased significantly at 12 and 24 h and 5 days, while tissue-type PA was decreased significantly at 1, 12, and 24 h in the ischemic compared with the nonischemic hemisphere. Gelatinase B was markedly increased in SHR at 12 and 24 h compared with WKY (p < 0.05). Secondary vasogenic edema is maximal 1–2 days after a stroke, which is the time that gelatinase B was elevated. The time of appearance of gelatinase B suggests a role in secondary tissue damage and vasogenic edema, while gelatinase A may be involved in tissue repair.
Solvable Lattice Models and Quantum Groups

Our main concern in this survey is the following question. What is the rôle of quantum groups in solvable lattice models; more specifically, what is their rôle in building models and in solving models respectively? Building models amounts to constructing solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation (YBE). Through the development of the last 4-5 years, the situation has been clarified relatively well. In the context of quantum groups, the theory of YBE is the theory of intertwiners of their representations. In the first half of this article we shall elucidate this statement on three constructions. In contrast, the rôle of quantum groups in solving models is very obscure. By 'solving' the model thus constructed we mean to calculate physically important quantities in closed form. The one point functions are one of the few quantities which can be evaluated exactly, thanks to Baxter's corner transfer matrix method. In many cases they are expressible in terms of certain modular forms arising from representations of affine Lie algebras. In the latter half of this paper we shall explain these results in the light of Kashiwara's theory of crystal base for quantum groups.
XSEDE: Accelerating Scientific Discovery

Computing in science and engineering is now ubiquitous: digital technologies underpin, accelerate, and enable new, even transformational, research in all domains. Access to an array of integrated and well-supported high-end digital services is critical for the advancement of knowledge. Driven by community needs, the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) project substantially enhances the productivity of a growing community of scholars, researchers, and engineers (collectively referred to as "scientists"' throughout this article) through access to advanced digital services that support open research. XSEDE's integrated, comprehensive suite of advanced digital services federates with other high-end facilities and with campus-based resources, serving as the foundation for a national e-science infrastructure ecosystem. XSEDE's e-science infrastructure has tremendous potential for enabling new advancements in research and education. XSEDE's vision is a world of digitally enabled scholars, researchers, and engineers participating in multidisciplinary collaborations to tackle society's grand challenges.
How Do Expressed Emotions Affect the Helpfulness of a Product Review? Evidence from Reviews Using Latent Semantic Analysis

ABSTRACT Customers often search online for product reviews to make an informed buying decision. People write about their experience with the product in a review that often expresses a variety of emotions. How these emotions affect the helpfulness of the review is an intriguing but insufficiently studied question. Do discrete emotions have differential informational value in this case? Here, we build on cognitive appraisal theory to examine how discrete emotions (e.g., hope, happiness, anxiety, and disgust) embedded in the reviews affect the helpfulness votes of potential customers. We hypothesize that reviews where emotions associated with certainty are expressed will have a positive effect on review helpfulness and vice versa, regardless of their valence. Moreover, certainty mediates this effect. We adopted a quantitative content analysis approach (latent semantic analysis or LSA) to measure emotional content in these reviews. Findings demonstrate that discrete emotions have differential effects on the helpfulness of the reviews. The paper contributes to the better understanding of framing effects of discrete emotions.
Exploring Internet Adoption Drivers in SMEs

Abstract Government policy worldwide is to assist small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) to become e‐enabled, yet it is unclear what impact this has. There is evidence that customers drive e‐adoption due to the need to integrate information in the supply chain. There is also evidence that SME owners drive adoption, primarily as a response to perceived benefits. However, there is little exploration of the role of government initiatives in influencing e‐adoption strategies in SMEs. This paper uses network agency theory to investigate Internet adoption in SMEs. The research identifies five influence networks: expert – primarily in IT firms; industry‐led – SMEs working in collaboration with sector organizations; and customer‐led – driven by customer requirements. The drivers of these three networks are primarily strategic. The other two networks, ICT support and novice, are driven by the SME owner. The key difference is the maturity of internal IT. This research demonstrates that government policies and st.
Low incidence of citrullinemia carriers among dairy cattle of the United States.

Bovine citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that is lethal in the early postnatal period. Dairy bulls from the US were screened for citrullinemia genotype with a mutation-specific assay of semen or leukocyte DNA. One heterozygote was detected among 367 US Holstein bulls tested, corresponding to an incidence of . 3%; DNA sequencing showed that this bull (bull C) was heterozygous for the translation-termination mutation described as the cause of bovine citrullinemia. Tests on daughters of bull C revealed that 26 were heterozygous and 25 were homozygous normal, confirming that the condition is autosomal recessive and that bull C was heterozygous. Although bull C was among 273 bulls tested from the top 400 bulls based on Type-Production Index as of July 1990, he was not among the 90 tested from the top 100. He has fewer than 2000 offspring registered with the Holstein Association of America and has few sons in AI. Furthermore, he was culled for other reasons before his citrullinemia status was known. Accordingly, the incidence of citrullinemia carriers is low among US Holsteins, and the impact of the one carrier found on the future of the breed is expected to be minor. No carriers were found among 102 US Guernsey bulls and 53 US Jersey bulls tested.
Statistical Investigations into Indicator Bacteria Concentrations in Houston Metropolitan Watersheds

Bacterial pollution in the Houston metropolitan area (Texas) watersheds was studied using statistical methods to determine the Escherichia coli levels and causes of their spatial and temporal variability. Houston bayous generally exhibit elevated E. coli concentrations. The more urban watersheds had higher concentration ranges and geometric means and had more spatial variation with higher overall ranges at downstream monitoring stations. They also were less sensitive to temperature variations and more strongly influenced by rainfall events. The median flow in the more urban bayous is predominantly wastewater. Frequent rainfall in the region, combined with relatively long travel times in the bayous, results in elevated bacterial levels in the bayous. Multiple regression models using water quality parameters were more representative on the segment level and not at the watershed level and may not be useful for predictions that rely on conventional water quality measures, particularly in urban watersheds, such as those studied here. Cluster analysis for the segments resulted in two distinct clusters differentiated by their developed land‐use, population density, domestic animal density, and grassy land‐use.
Quantification of malondialdehyde by HPLC-FL - application to various biological samples.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is stabile product of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and therefore MDA is frequently used as a biomarker of LPO. To determine MDA level in various biological samples (human plasma, fish liver tissue and cells in culture), we used an HPLC method with fluorescent detection based on 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay. The method was validated by the use of spiked pooled plasma samples. In tested concentration range (0.15-3.0 µmol/L) the method was linear (R(2) = 0.9963), the between-day variability (coefficient of variations, CVs) was between 4.7 and 7.6%, the within-day variability CVs was between 2.6 and 6.4% and recovery was between 91.2 and 107.6%. The level of MDA in human plasma (healthy male, non-smokers, 46.3 ± 4.7 years; N = 38) was 2.2 ± 1.4 µmol/L; that in liver tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio; N = 12) was 0.02 ± 0.004 µmol/g tissue, and in cultured cells (human laryngeal carcinoma cells; N = 10) it was 0.18 ± 0.02 nmol/mg proteins. The HPLC-FL method is rapid, accurate and reliable to follow the extent of LPO in various biological samples, particularly in samples in which a low level of MDA is expected, such as cells in culture. Owing to the rapid analytical process and run time, it can be used for routine analysis of MDA in clinical laboratory.
A genome-wide association study of venous thromboembolism identifies risk variants in chromosomes 1 q 24 . 2 and 9 q

John A. Heit, M.D., Sebastian M. Armasu, M.S., Yan W. Asmann, Ph.D., Julie M. Cunningham, Ph.D., Martha E. Matsumoto, B.S., Tanya M. Petterson, M.S., and Mariza de Andrade, Ph.D. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (JAH), Department of Internal Medicine; the Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (SMA, YWA, MEM, TMP, MdA), Department of Health Sciences Research; and the Division of Experimental Pathology (JMC), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Curriculum Development in Studio-Style University Physics and Implications for Dissemination of Research-Based Reforms.

Over the past few decades, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that students learn best in engaging, interactive, collaborative, and inquiry-based environments. However, most college science classes are still taught with traditional methods suggesting the existing selection of research-based instructional materials has not widely transformed undergraduate education. SCALE-UP is a renovated pedagogy and classroom environment that has achieved a greater impact than most, used extensively throughout the United States and abroad. SCALE-UP is not a simple collection of lesson plans or a textbook that can be easily adopted, and instead instructors are encouraged to customize main pedagogical principles to their unique instructional situation. This flexibility along with promotion of instructor autonomy may have assisted its spread. This paper uses case studies of five successful secondary implementations in the United States to examine how instructors gather information about reform, create a curriculum, and achieve sustained use. Many people learned about research-based resources that formed the composite of their curricula through interpersonal connections. Time constraints and misunderstandings between developers and instructors limited which resources were chosen and how they were used. Once instructors created a “working form” of the curriculum, three out of five instructors did not make significant changes. This could lead to the preservation of a more conservative curriculum. Implications include that disseminators should articulate core principles of the reform that should be retained to uphold the integrity of the reform as well as the areas where adopters have flexibility to innovate. Strategically involving other secondary users in the dissemination process could facilitate important interpersonal exchanges that could provide an additional layer of support for faculty.
The Dryad Data Repository: A Singapore Framework Metadata Architecture in a DSpace Environment

This report presents recent metadata developments for Dryad, a digital repository hosting datasets underlying publications in the field of evolutionary biology. We review our efforts to bring the Dryad application profile into conformance with the Singapore Framework and discuss practical issues underlying the application profile implementation in a DSpace environment. The report concludes by outlining the next steps planned as Dryad moves into the next phase of development.
Narrow-Width Inductive Power Transfer System for Online Electrical Vehicles

A new inductive power transfer system with a narrow rail width, a small pickup size, and a large air gap for online electric vehicles is proposed in this paper. By introducing a new core structure, the orientation of the magnetic flux alternates along with the road; hence, an inductive power transfer system with a narrow rail width of 10 cm, a large air gap of 20 cm, and a large lateral displacement about 24 cm was implemented. The resonant circuit of the inductive power transfer system, driven by a current source, was fully characterized. The experimental results showed that the maximum output power was 35 kW and that the maximum efficiency was 74% at 27 kW. The proposed system was found to be adequate for electric vehicles, allowing them to drive freely on specially implemented roads by obtaining power from the buried power supply rail.
A TEST OF THE CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT MODEL OF SPECIATION IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Abstract Recent studies suggest that chromosomal rearrangements play a significant role in speciation by preventing recombination and maintaining species persistence despite interspecies gene flow. Factors conferring adaptation or reproductive isolation are maintained in rearranged regions in the face of hybridization, while such factors are eliminated from collinear regions. As a direct test of this rearrangement model, we evaluated the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility in a sympatric species pair, Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, and an allopatric species pair, D. pseudoobscura bogotana and D. persimilis. Our results are consistent with the proposed model: virtually all of the sterility factors in the former pair are associated with three inverted regions, whereas sterility factors are present in the collinear regions in the latter pair. These findings indicate recombination and selection may have eliminated sterility factors outside the inverted regions between D. p. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, suggesting chromosomal rearrangements may facilitate species persistence despite hybridization.
Identification of Azole-Responsive Genes by Microarray Technology: Why Are We Missing the Efflux Transporter Genes?

We read with interest the recent important study by Backer et al. ([2][1]). The authors reported for the first time the genome-wide gene expression pattern in Candida albicans in response to subinhibitory concentrations of an azole (itraconazole). The duration of exposure to itraconazole in the
GENETICS IN SOLVING DYSLEXIA PUZZLES

Developmental dyslexia, or specific learning difficulties, is the most common neurobehavioral disorder affecting school-aged children, with a prevalence rate of 5-17.5%. Family and twin studies have pointed to a genetic component in the etiology of dyslexia. However, dyslexia is a complex disorder at both the genetic and environmental levels, and its nature so far remains unclear. Dyslexia is thought to be a ”complex trait” determined by a number of genes, each with small to moderate effects on the specific phenotype, involving various factors such as heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, phenocopy, or oligogenic inheritance. Based on combined linkage and association analyses using both qualitative and quantitative phenotypes, multiple regions (DYX1-DYX9) on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 13, 15 and 18 have been reported likely to contain genes contributing to dyslexia. Most recently four candidate genes (DYX1C1, KIAA0319, DCDC2, ROBO1) have been identified as associated with dyslexia. In this review, we focus on the genetic basis of dyslexia and provide an overview of several of the most susceptible loci on chromosomes and prominent candidate genes currently suspected of conditioning dyslexia.