Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Transmit Power Allocation Algorithm Combined with Dynamic Channel Allocation in Reuse Partitioning-based OFDMA/FDD System

This paper introduces a reuse partitioning-based dynamic channel allocation algorithm that guarantees quality of service (QoS) by considering fairness among mobile stations in an OFDMA/FDD system. To improve the SINR values for users around the cell edge and increase the overall system throughput compared with the conventional OFDMA/FDD system of frequency reuse factor (FRF) 1, an effective transmit power allocation algorithm is also combined with the proposed dynamic channel allocation to adjust the transmit power per user according to the average received SINR value. Simulation results show that the proposed DCA algorithm increases the sector throughput by about 25% when compared with the conventional case that do not apply the proposed DCA algorithm. When the proposed transmit power allocation algorithm is combined with the proposed DCA algorithm, a further increase in the sector throughput of about 6% is achieved than when using just the proposed DCA algorithm.
Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia after 6 h passive hyperventilation in humans

1 Acute exposure to hypoxia stimulates ventilation and induces hypocapnia. Long‐term exposure to hypoxia generates changes in respiratory control known as ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia. The object of this study was to investigate the degree to which the hyperventilation and hypocapnia can induce the changes known as ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia, in the absence of the primary hypoxic stimulus itself. 2 Three 6 h protocols were each performed on twelve healthy volunteers: (1) passive hypocapnic hyperventilation, with end‐tidal CO2 pressure (PET,CO2) held 10 Torr below the eupnoeic value; (2) passive eucapnic hyperventilation, with PET,CO2 maintained eucapnic; (3) control. 3 Ventilatory responses to acute hypercapnia and hypoxia were assessed before and half an hour after each protocol. 4 The presence of prior hypocapnia, but not prior hyperventilation, caused a reduction in air‐breathing PET,CO2 (P < 0·05, ANOVA), and a leftwards shift of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia (P < 0·05). The presence of prior hyperventilation, but not prior hypocapnia, caused an increase in the ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 (P < 0·05). No significant effects of any protocol were detected on the ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia. 5 We conclude that following 6 h of passive hyperventilation: (i) the left shift of the VE‐PET,CO2 relationship is due to alkalosis and not to hyperventilation; (ii) the increase in slope of the VE‐PET,CO2 relationship is due to the hyperventilation and not the alkalosis; and (iii) ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia is unaltered.
Repeatability of Four Clinical Methods for Assessment of Lumbar Spinal Motion

Spinal motion usually is recorded from subjective observation of the fully flexed trunk using a goniometer or the distance from the fingertips to the floor. To quantify functional improvement in the low-back pain patient, the repeatability of four clinical techniques was studied: the common fingertip-to-floor distance; the modified Schober; the two-inclinometer method, and a photometric technique. Ten normal subjects (five men, five women), ages 24 to 34 years old, were examined in full flexion, full extension, and the erect position, both standing and sitting. Repeatability was poor for the fingertip-to-floor method in all postures and for the two-inclinometer method in full flexion. Although other methods for various postures had good repeatability, the modified Schober method of determining lumbar spinal motion was the most repeatable and is recommended for a routine, noninvasive, clinical evaluation of lumbar spinal motion.
Authentic Assessment: Implications for EFL Performance Testing in Korea

Finch, A. E. (2002). Authentic assessment: Implications for EFL performance testing in Korea. Secondary Education Research, 49, 89 122. This paper examines current theory and practice regarding the assessment of foreign language oral performance, and discusses implications for curriculum designers and teachers in tertiary learning institutions in the republic of Korea. In addition to suggesting that norm-referenced assessment be replaced with criteria-referenced, "authentic" assessment in these establishments, the first part of the paper also concludes that the current grading of students in National Universities according to a prescribed bell-curve is inappropriate for language assessment, being instrinsically demotivating for students and teachers. It is therefore argued that tertiary English programs should act on recent research findings and government policy statements by promoting positive affect (attitudes, beliefs, confidence, motivation, etc.) in non-threatening learning environments, using criterion-referenced, authentic assessment. The second part of this paper recognizes two modes of authentic assessment (selfand peer-assessment) as reliable and valid methods of evaluation, particularly suitable for assessment of oral skills at tertiary level. These reflective models encourage students to become involved in their learning, and promote positive attitude change in the fostering of life-long learning skills and socially responsible citizens. It is suggested, therefore, that when employed in a student-centered, holistic setting, selfand peer-assessment are practical and effective evaluation tools for tertiary language education.
Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances.

OBJECTIVE To determine if the long-term dentoskeletal changes in patients treated with tooth-borne functional appliances were comparable to each other and to matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental sample consisted of 80 consecutively treated patients who were equally divided into Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) groups. The control group comprised 21 children with untreated skeletal Class II malocclusions. Lateral cephalograms were taken for the treated group at T1 (initial records), T2 (completion of functional therapy), and T3 (completion of fixed appliance therapy). A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between and within groups. If ANOVA results were significant, Tukey-Kramer tests were used to determine where the significant differences occurred. RESULTS (1) Temporary restriction of maxillary growth was found in the MARA group (T2-T1). (2) SNB increased more with the Twin Block and Herbst groups when compared with the Bionator and MARA groups. (3) The occlusal plane significantly changed in the Herbst and Twin Block groups. (4) The Twin Block group expressed better control of the vertical dimension. (5) The overbite, overjet, and Wits appraisal decreased significantly with all of the appliances. (6) The Twin Block group had significant flaring of the lower incisors at the end of treatment. (7) Over the long-term, there were no significant soft tissue changes among treated and untreated subjects. CONCLUSIONS No significant dentoskeletal differences were observed long-term, among the various treatment groups and matched controls.
Prospective double-blind crossover study of Camellia sinensis (green tea) in dyslipidemias.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have established an association between dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Nutritional therapy is a key point in the prevention strategy for individuals who present with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in patients with dyslipidemias. METHODS The study included 33 patients aged between 21 and 71 years who had a low-fat diet (25-35% of total calories and 200 mg of cholesterol per day). They were randomized for two sequential treatments: 250-mg capsules of green tea dry extract or placebo for a total period of 16 weeks; each patient received green tea (Camellia sinensis) for eight weeks and placebo for another eight weeks. RESULTS Baseline lipid values (mg/dL) were: HDL-cholesterol 60.7 +/- 7.3; total cholesterol 255 +/- 30.9; LDL-cholesterol 158.8 +/- 29.0; triglycerides 169.0 +/- 61.3 and Apo-B 120.2 +/- 18.9. Mean lipid variations induced by the use of green tea (Camellia sinensis) showed a 3.9% reduction (p = 0.006) in total cholesterol concentrations and a 4.5% reduction (p = 0.026) in LDL-cholesterol. The intake of green tea did not significantly influence HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and Apo-B levels. Non-significant results were found in the assessment of blood lipids (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) with the use of placebo. CONCLUSION A beneficial effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) was demonstrated, with a significant reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in eight weeks, in the patients studied.
Tinnitus Management: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Extended‐Wear Hearing Aids, Conventional Hearing Aids, and Combination Instruments

Background: Whereas hearing aids have long been considered effective for providing relief from tinnitus, controlled clinical studies evaluating this premise have been very limited. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically determine the relative efficacy of conventional receiver‐in‐the‐canal hearing aids (HA), the same hearing aids with a sound generator (HA+SG), and extended‐wear, deep fit hearing aids (EWHA), to provide relief from tinnitus through a randomized controlled trial. Each of these ear‐level devices was a product of Phonak, LLC. Research Design: Participants were randomized to HA, HA+SG, or EWHA and wore bilaterally fit devices for about 4 months. Fittings, adjustments, and follow‐up appointments were conducted to comply with company guidelines and to ensure that all participants attended appointments on the same schedule. At 4–5 months, participants returned to complete final outcome measures, which concluded their study participation. Study Sample: Participants were 55 individuals (mean age: 63.1 years) with mild to moderately‐severe hearing loss who: (a) did not currently use hearing aids; (b) reported tinnitus that was sufficiently bothersome to warrant intervention; and (c) were suitable candidates for each of the study devices. Data Collection and Analysis: The primary outcome measure was the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI). Secondary outcome measures included hearing‐specific questionnaires and the Quick Speech in Noise test (QuickSIN). The goal of the analysis was to evaluate efficacy of the EWHA and HA+SG devices versus the HA standard device. Results: There were 18 participants in each of the HA and EWHA groups and 19 in the HA+SG group. Gender, age, and baseline TFI severity were balanced across treatment groups. Nearly all participants had a reduction in tinnitus symptoms during the study. The average TFI change (improvement) from baseline was 21 points in the HA group, 31 points in the EWHA group, and 33 points in the HA+SG group. A “clinically significant” improvement in reaction to tinnitus (at least 13‐point reduction in TFI score) was seen by 67% of HA, 82% of EWHA, and 79% of HA+SG participants. There were no statistically significant differences in the extent to which the devices reduced TFI scores. Likewise, the hearingspecific questionnaires and QuickSIN showed improvements following use of the hearing aids but these improvements did not differ across device groups. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to conclude that any of these devices offers greater relief from tinnitus than any other one tested. However, all devices appear to offer some improvement in the functional effects of tinnitus.
The study of partial discharge inception voltage of mineral oil using needle - Plane electrode configuration

The aim of this paper is to describe the feasibility study of using the needle - plane electrode system for Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) measurement of mineral oil. This paper represents the experimental investigation of PDIV measurement of the mineral oil, Nynas 4000x, with the water content not more than 10 ppm under various tip radii of needle - plane electrode arrangements. The tungsten needle electrodes with the tip radius of 10μm, 20μm, and 40μm respectively were used as the high voltage electrode while the brass plane electrode with 75 mm diameter was used as the grounded electrode. The gap distance of the electrode system was set up at 50 mm. The electric field pattern of the electrode system was calculated using Finite Element program. The test experiment was set up according to IEC 60270. The test procedure was performed in accordance with IEC 61294 under room temperature. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed to study the abrasion of the original and tested electrodes. Electric field distribution pattern and the average PDIV value of each electrode system including the SEM test results are analyzed and presented in this paper. From the test results, we found that the needle - plane electrode arrangements with the needle tip radius of 10μm, 20μm, and 40μm are highly possible alternative methods for the PDIV measurement of the mineral oil.
A comparison of oral hygiene status and dental caries experience among institutionalized visually impaired and hearing impaired children of age between 7 and 17 years in central India.

AIM The aim of this study is to compare the oral hygiene status and dental caries experience among institutionalized visually impaired and hearing impaired children of age between 7 and 17 years in Bhopal city of Madhya Pradesh located in Central India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 95 hearing impaired and 48 visually impaired children of age between 7 and 17 years were recruited from special care institutions (one institution of hearing impaired and two institutions of visually impaired) in Bhopal city. Information related to different study variables was obtained from both groups. Oral hygiene index simplified (OHI[S]), decayed,extracted, filled teeth (deft and DECAYED, MISSING, FILLED TETTH (DMFT)) indices were used to record the oral hygiene status and dental caries experience. RESULTS Mean OHI(S) score for hearing impaired was 1.15 ± 0.72 while it was 1.51 ± 0.93 for visually impaired children (P < 0.05). Mean DMFT score was 1.4 ± 1.95 and 0.94 ± 1.45 among hearing impaired and visually impaired respectively. The hearing impaired had a mean deft score of 0.47 ± 1.01 and in visually impaired it was 0.19 ± 0.79 and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Oral hygiene status of hearing impaired children was better than visually impaired and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between both groups with respect to DMFT. The hearing impaired children had significantly higher deft than visually impaired.
INI1 Protein Expression Distinguishes Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor from Choroid Plexus Carcinoma

Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) are rare, highly malignant tumors that predominantly arise in infants and young children. Overlapping clinical, histologic, ultrastructural, or immunophenotypic features may obscure the diagnosis in some cases. AT/RT is characterized by deletions and/or mutations of the INI1 tumor-suppressor gene on chromosome band 22q11.2. We have recently developed an INI1 immunohistochemical staining assay. Negative staining of tumor cells resulting from inactivation of the INI1 gene is a consistent feature of AT/RT. Mutations of INI1 in some CPCs have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to determine if immunohistochemical staining with an INI1 antibody would provide a sensitive means of distinguishing between CPC and AT/RT. We examined 28 tumors with a submitted diagnosis of CPC. Twenty-one CPCs showed retained expression of INI1 and seven tumors showed loss of INI1 expression. Cytogenetic, FISH, and/or INI1 mutation results were also available for 13 tumors. In three of the seven cases, monosomy 22 was the only cytogenetic abnormality, suggestive of AT/RT. However, monosomy 22 was also identified in 3 tumors with complex karyotypes that retained INI1 expression. The 7 tumors that were immunonegative for INI1 had features that were consistent with AT/RT. Immunostaining for INI1 protein is retained in the majority of CPC and is lost in AT/RT. This expression pattern seems to better define the 2 groups of tumors than does light or electron microscopy, routine immunohistochemistry, or cytogenetic analysis alone.
Information Content and the Speed of Stock Price Adjustment

The process by which security prices adjust to the release of "new" information is an area of study which has received much attention in accounting and finance. In finance, the main interest has been whether prices adjust in a rapid and unbiased manner to new information. In accounting, the focus has been more on whether different accounting disclosures have information content. The study reported here combined both interests in that we investigated the speed of adjustment of releases of information which had different degrees of information content. As illustrations, Dann, Mayers, and Rabb [1977] tested the sensitivity of a block-trade trading rule to the speed of price adjustments. This rule (first suggested by Grier and Albin [1973]) is based on the assumption that abnormal returns can be earned by purchasing shares at the block price and selling at that day's closing price. Dann, Mayers, and Rabb (hereafter DMR) found that unless one could purchase the stock within five minutes of the block trade the profitability of the Grier and Albin rule was seriously impaired. They also found the market price to be an unbiased estimate of the closing price within 15 minutes of the block trade. Similarly, Hillmer and Yu [1979] devised an alternative test for the speed of price adjustment based on a cumulative sum technique. They illustrated the technique by testing for shifts in the parameters of the distributions of price changes and of transaction frequencies around five information events-two earnings announcements and three defense
Deteriorating renal function and clinical outcomes in HIV-positive persons

Objectives:To determine the relationship between measures of renal function [current estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proportion of follow-up with a low eGFR (%FU ⩽60 ml/min)] and fatal/ nonfatal AIDS, non-AIDS events and all-cause mortality. Design:An observational, longitudinal cohort study of 12 155 persons from EuroSIDA. Methods:Persons with at least one eGFR measurement after 1 January 2004, using the CKD-EPI formula, were included. Poisson regression analyses were used to determine whether current eGFR or %FU of 60 ml/min or less were independent prognostic markers for clinical events. Results:During 61 425 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), the crude incidence of deaths was 11.1/1000 PYFU [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.0–12.1] at current eGFR more than 90 ml/min and 199.6 (95% CI 1144.3–254.3/1000 PYFU) when current eGFR was 30 ml/min or less. Corresponding figures for AIDS were 12.2 (11.1–13.3) and 63.9 (36.5–103.7) and for non-AIDS were 16.0 (14.8–17.3) and 203.6 (147.7–259.5). After adjustment, current eGFR of 30 ml/min or less was a strong predictor of death [adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) 4.35; 95% CI 3.20–5.91] and non-AIDS events (3.63; 95% CI 2.57–5.13), although the relationship with AIDS was less strong (1.45; 95% CI 1.01–2.08). After adjustment, %FU of 60 ml/min or less was associated with a 22% increased incidence of death (aIRR 1.22 per 10% longer; 95% CI 1.18–1.27), a 13% increased incidence of non-AIDS events (95% CI 1.08–1.18) and a 15% increased incidence of AIDS events (95% CI 1.06–1.24). Conclusion:Both current eGFR and %FU of 60 ml/min or less were associated with death and non-AIDS events in HIV-positive persons. Our findings highlight the association between underlying renal dysfunction and morbidity and mortality in HIV infection, although reverse causality cannot be excluded.
Depression of anticapsular antibody after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide‐diphtheria conjugate vaccine

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections have been observed in the week after immunization with capsular polysaccharide vaccine. We sought to document depression of antibody concentrations after immunization of 18-month-old infants with H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-diphtheria conjugate vaccine. All 9 infants with detectable preimmunization anticapsular antibody had depression of antibody concentrations on the second day after immunization (P = 0.002). By Day 7 all had achieved anticapsular antibody concentrations >0.15 μg/ml, a level believed to provide protection to immediate challenge with H. influenzae type b. Of those without detectable preimmunization antibody, 7 of 21 (33%; 95% confidence interval, 11 to 56%) had not achieved concentrations of >0.15 mg/ml 1 week after immunization. We conclude that there is depression of anticapsular antibody concentrations during the first week after immunization with H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-diphtheria conjugate vaccine. We speculate that H. influenzae type b infections after immunization with H. influenzae type b vaccines may be the result of: (1) low antibody concentrations because of either depression of antibody concentrations or failure to develop antibody; and (2) exposure to H. influenzae type b. Depression of antibody concentrations could be explained by binding of in vivo antibody to the vaccine.
Application and success of R&D subsidies: what is the role of firm age?

Abstract This article evaluates the propensity of firms to apply for R&D public grants, their capacity for obtaining subsides and how these relate to the firm age. This analysis is particularly relevant in understanding why young firms may be more or less successful in their application for public subsidies. Using data from an extensive database of 19,236 firms in Catalonia, we estimate a maximum likelihood probit model with sample selection. Our results show that firm age does not exert a significant direct impact on the application propensity in R&D public call, but younger firms tend to show a larger propensity to receive an R&D subsidy. They also show that firm age exerts a moderating role through different internal resources. They highlight the need to design R&D public policies that explicitly favour applications by young firms to help overcome their obstacles to innovation.