Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell

SYNOPSIS A two-stage psychiatric survey of a random sample of adults aged 18–64 from Camberwell is described. Agency interviewers carried out the first stage (N = 800), using the shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE). MRC interviewers, using the full PSE, saw a stratified sample of these (N = 310) in the second stage. A second interview was sought with all those of Index of Definition (ID) level 5 and above at the first interview (‘cases’) and with a random sample of those below that level. 20·9% refused or were never available for the first interview. Of the 800 subjects successfully interviewed, 10% refused a further interview and 12·4% of those finally selected for this interview were either unavailable or changed their minds. The MRC data, weighted to represent the whole sample, are used in our analyses. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder as defined in our study was calculated at 6·1% for men and 14·9% for women. Women shared a higher prevalence of disorder in the age-groups 25–34 and 45–54, but in men there was no significant association with age. In contrast to the findings of Brown & Harris (1978), social class did not have a strong association with disorder. Single men had much higher rates than married men, while the reverse was true in women. In both sexes employment was associated with lower rates of disorder. An attempt to explain the high prevalence in women in terms of their role in marriage and child-care was only partly successful.
The Genetic Diversity of Seven Pig Breeds in China, Estimated by Means of Microsatellites

The polymorphism of six microsatellites was investigated in four indigenous pig breeds (Erhualian, Tongcheng, Qingping and Wannanhua) and three introduced breeds (Large White, Landrace and Duroc) in China. The genetic variations within and among populations were analyzed. The results showed that genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous pig breeds is higher than that of the introduced pig breeds. The clustering of seven breeds is approximately consistent with their geographical distribution. Estimated time of breed divergence ranged from 653 to 1856 years.
Posibilidades de manipulación del fotoperíodo durante el engorde intensivo de Dorada (Sparus aurata)

Con el presente trabajo se han evaluado los efectos que el regimen de iluminacion ejercen sobre el crecimiento de la dorada (Sparus aurata) durante su fase de engorde, ya sea hasta alcanzar tallas comerciales (400-450 g) partiendo de individuos prengordados, o ya sea llegando a peces de pesos mas elevados de cara a abastecer un segmento de mercado diferente que absorba este tipo de producto. En el primero de los casos, y comparando con peces creciendo bajo condiciones de iluminacion natural, se programaron tres tratamientos de fotoperiodo (6(1L:3D), 24L:0D y 16L:8D) que generaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en el sentido de mejora notable del crecimiento cifrada en un 15% para el tratamiento 16L:8D frente al control; tambien el crecimiento al final del experimento fue mejor para el 24L:0D que para el control, no siendo diferente este ultimo con el 6(1L:3D). Haciendo referencia a las eficiencias en la conversion del alimento, la mejor fue para el tratamiento 6(1L:3D) y la peor para el 24L:0D, siendo iguales el control y el 16L:8D; estos resultados vienen determinados por el hecho de un mayor gasto metabolico de los individuos del tratamiento 24L:0D al estar bajo iluminacion continuada, mientras que los del tratamiento 6(1L:3D) tienen los periodos mas cortos de actividad. Con estas condiciones experimentales tambien se detectaron diferencias en la composicion quimica del musculo, siendo menor el porcentaje de grasa en los peces del tratamiento 6(1L:3D). Igualmente hubo diferencias en el color, tanto de la piel como la carne, siendo quiza lo mas destacado la relacion directa entre los valores de claridad de la piel y las horas de iluminacion. En la segunda parte, ya con individuos de pesos elevados, el acontecimiento fisiologico que determino la evolucion del experimento fue la maduracion gonadal. Ademas del tratamiento control se disenaron otros dos en los que se aumentaron las horas
Enriching personal information management with document interaction histories

KARL GYLLSTROM: Enriching personal information management with document interaction histories. (Under the direction of David Stotts.) Personal information management is increasingly challenging, as more and more of our personal and professional activity migrates to personal computers. Manual organization and search remain the only two options available to users, and both have significant limitations; the former requires too much effort on the part of the user, while the latter is dependent on users’ ability to recall discriminating information. I pursue an alternative approach, where users’ computer interactions with their workspaces are recorded, algorithms draw inferences from this interaction, and these inferences are applied to improve information management and retrieval for users. This approach requires no effort from users and enables retrieval to be more personalized, natural, and intuitive. The Passages system enhances information management by maintaining a detailed chronicle of all the text the user ever reads or edits, and making this chronicle available for rich temporal queries about the user’s information workspace. Passages enables queries like, “which papers and web pages did I read when writing the ‘related work’ section of this paper? ”, and “which of the emails in this folder have I skimmed, but not yet read in detail? ” As time and interaction history are important attributes in users’ recall of their personal information, effectively supporting them creates useful possibilities for information retrieval. I present methods to collect information about the large volume of text with which the user interacts, and use this information to improve retrieval. I show through user evaluation the accuracy of Passages in building
Multiphase complete exchange on Paragon, SP2, and CS-2

Interprocessor communication is what makes parallel programming challenging. The author tests the performance of multiphase complete exchange on three parallel machines and shows that the multiphase algorithm for hypercubes performs very well on these non-hypercube machines. The machines used are the Intel Paragon, the IBM SP2 and the Meiko CS-2.
Immunolocalization of bovine sperm protease BSp120 by light and electron microscopy during capacitation and the acrosome reaction: Its role in in vitro fertilization

Mammalian fertilization involves various steps in which the participation of specific enzymes has been demonstrated by numerous studies. Acrosin is one of the most widely acrosomal protease in mammalian spermatozoa studied, including bovine; however, other proteases have also been described. A new trypsin‐like serine protease named bovine serine protease of 120 kDa (BSp120) and its pre‐cursor BSp66 (66 kDa) were identified in bovine spermatozoa. Cytological and ultrastructural immunolocalization studies on BSp120 were performed in live and fixed cells. Immunoflorescence assays with specific polyclonal antibodies revealed localization of BSp120 on the sperm head, with a signal homogeneously distributed over the acrosome resembling a horseshoe. After the acrosome reaction, sperm showed a patchy pattern in the acrosomal cap. Immune electron microscopy analysis indicated that BSp120 is located over the head plasma membrane of capacitated spermatozoa and acrosome reacting spermatozoa. To assess BSp120 function in sperm‐oocyte interaction, in vitro fertilization studies were conducted. Oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa pre‐treated with anti‐BSp120, anti‐guinea pig acrosin, and anti‐BSp120 plus anti‐guinea pig acrosin. Pre‐treatment of bovine spermatozoa with antibodies towards each protein did not significantly modify fertilization rates. However, when both anti‐acrosin and anti‐BSp120 antibodies were simultaneously added, there was a significant decrease in the fertilization rate, suggesting that both enzymes may be required for fertilization. Altogether, the results from the present study described the localization of BSp120 over the acrosome of bovine sperm, and suggest its involvement in fertilization. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 411–418, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multicentre trial of recombinant growth hormone and low dose oestrogen in Turner syndrome: near final height analysis

BACKGROUND Turner syndrome accounts for 15–20% of childhood usage of growth hormone (GH) in the UK but final height benefit remains uncertain. The most effective strategy for oestrogen replacement is also unclear. METHODS Fifty eight girls who, at start of treatment, were of mean age 9.1 years and projected final height 142.2 cm were randomised to receive in year 1, either low dose ethinyloestradiol 50–75 ng/kg/day, GH 28 IU/m2 surface area/week as a daily injection, or a combination of ethinyloestradiol and GH. After the first year, the ethinyloestradiol treated girls received combination treatment. After two years, girls aged over 12 years were given escalating ethinyloestradiol to promote pubertal development. RESULTS Near final height was available for 49 girls at age 16.5 years, 146.8 cm, representing a gain of 4.6 cm, range −7.9 to +11.7 cm. Twelve of the 49 girls gaining 7.5 cm or more were less than 13 years at the start and had received GH for at least four years. Height gain was correlated with greater initial height deficit. Fifteen girls (31%) reached 150 cm or more compared to a predicted 10%. Early supplementation with ethinyloestradiol provided no final height advantage. CONCLUSIONS Final height gain was modest at 4.6 cm. Younger, shorter girls gained greatest height advantage from GH. Low dosage ethinyloestradiol before planned induction of puberty was not beneficial.
Actitudes del profesorado universitario español: formato de tesis doctorales, docencia e investigación

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido obtener la valoracion del profesorado universitario de Espana, en funcion de la rama de conocimiento (Arte y Humanidades, Ciencias de la Salud, Ciencias Sociales y Juridicas, Ciencias e Ingenieria y Arquitectura), sobre aspectos relacionados con el formato de las tesis doctorales, el actual sistema de acreditacion del profesorado, la reciente modificacion de la dedicacion docente en funcion de la actividad investigadora reconocida, y la figura del profesorado en las universidades espanolas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 9834 profesores de universidades publicas espanolas. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de poblaciones mediante encuesta con muestra probabilistica, de tipo transversal. En los resultados se observa de forma general una discrepancia significativa entre ciencias y ciencias sociales en los planteamientos formulados. Ademas existe un claro desacuerdo del profesorado con el Real Decreto-Ley 14/2012 y una posicion favorable a la figura del profesor como docente e investigador. Finalmente, se realiza una reflexion sobre las discrepancias entre el profesorado de las diferentes ramas de conocimiento en cada uno de los aspectos objeto de estudio.
Biotechnological Production of Lactic Acid and Its Recent Applications

Summary Lactic acid is widely used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries and has received increased attention for use as a monomer for the production of biodegradable poly(lactic acid). It can be produced by either biotechnological fermentation or chemical synthesis, but the former route has received considerable interest recently, due to environmental concerns and the limited nature of petrochemical feedstocks. There have been various attempts to produce lactic acid efficiently from inexpensive raw materials. We present a review of lactic acid-producing microorganisms, raw materials for lactic acid production, fermentation approaches for lactic acid production, and various applications of lactic acid, with a particular focus on recent investigations. In addition, the future potentials and economic impacts of lactic acid are discussed.
Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Complications and Outcomes in Patients Over Age 60

Study Design. A retrospective analysis, including prospectively collected patient outcomes data. Objective. To determine the rate of complications and outcomes in patients ≥60 years of age who underwent major spinal deformity surgery requiring a minimum 5-level arthrodesis procedure. Summary of Background Data. As the population ages, an increasing number of older patients are presenting with spinal deformity disorders that may require major reconstructive procedures. Previous studies have reported complication rates as high as 80% in this age group for 1- and 2-level fusion procedures. The prevalence of complications was found to increase with the greater number of levels fused. Methods. Forty-six patients who were 60 years of age or older underwent a thoracic or lumbar arthrodesis procedure consisting of 5 levels or greater. Diagnosis, comorbidities, operative data, hospital data, major and minor complications, and deaths were recorded. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Scores were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Results. Thirty-eight females and 8 males with a mean age of 67 years (range, 60–85 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 2–11 years) had complete records. Thirty-six (78%) patients had at least 1 comorbidity. Twenty-nine (63%) patients had at least 1 prior spinal surgery. A mean of 9 levels (range, 5–16 levels) were fused in each patient. The overall complication rate was 37%. The major complication rate was 20%. ODI improved from 49 to 25 for a mean improvement of 24 (49%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. The overall complication rate was 37% and the major complication rate was 20%. Increasing age was a significant factor (P < 0.05) in predicting the presence of a complication. Patients older than 69 years had more complications. The presence of a comorbidity had no association with complication rates and neither had an effect on final patient reported outcomes, which showed significant improvement (ODI preoperative, 49; postoperative, 25) (P < 0.0001).
Well-being at work: graduating nursing students’ perspective in Finland

Background: Young nurses’ intent to leave the nursing profession is a recognized problem. Ensuring well-being at work is one method to support nurses’ continuance in the profession. Aim: To identify factors that promote the well-being at work of graduating nursing students. Design: The data were collected from nursing students (n = 16) during their training in University of Applied Sciences in Finland using purposeful sampling and open data collection forms. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Well-being at work was divided into: meaningfulness of work shift planning, professionally developing, meaningful work and feeling of competence, helping, supporting and respectful work community and reasonable preconditions of work. Conclusions: Feeling of respect, adequate support at work, flexible working times and good possibilities for professional development would enhance young nurses’ well-being at work.
Influence of acute selective endothelin-receptor-A blockade on renal hemodynamics in a rat model of chronic allograft rejection

We have recently demonstrated up-regulation of renal endothelin (ET) synthesis in a rat model of chronic renal allograft rejection. Treatment with a selective ET-A receptor antagonist improved survival and reduced functional and morphological kidney damage. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, as ET exhibits both hemodynamic and inflammatory properties. Therefore, in the present study we investigated acute hemodynamic effects of the selective ET-A receptor antagonist LU 302146 (LU) on chronic renal allograft rejection in rats. Experiments were performed in the Fisher-to-Lewis model of chronic renal allograft rejection. Lewis-to-Lewis isografts served as controls. After 2, 12, and 24 weeks, hemodynamic measurements were performed on anesthetized animals. Measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) was performed via a catheter in the femoral artery. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured by an ultrasonic flow probe placed around the renal transplant artery. Medulla blood flow (MBF) and cortex blood flow (CBF) were determined with laser Doppler probes. Hemodynamic response upon intravenous bolus injection of LU (50 mg/kg) was investigated. The application of LU was followed by a decline in MAP that reached statistical significance only in isografts (ISOs) after 12 weeks and allografts (ALLOs) after 24 weeks. RBF slightly decreased in all groups; however, without reaching statistical significance. MBF showed a small increase in ALLO12 and ALLO24 whereas CBF slightly decreased in all groups. Acute ET-A receptor blockade does not induce important hemodynamic effects in kidneys undergoing chronic rejection. The lack of response to ET-A receptor blockade suggests that the beneficial effect of ET receptor antagonists in this model is likely to be due to improvement of renal morphology.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/Insulin Signaling Activates Androgen Signaling through Direct Interactions of Foxo1 with Androgen Receptor*

The androgen-androgen receptor (AR) system plays vital roles in a wide array of biological processes, including prostate cancer development and progression. Several growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), can induce AR activation, whereas insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are correlated with an elevated incidence of prostate cancer. Here we report that Foxo1, a downstream molecule that becomes phosphorylated and inactivated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt kinase in response to IGF1 or insulin, suppresses ligand-mediated AR transactivation. Foxo1 reduces androgen-induced AR target gene expressions and suppresses the in vitro growth of prostate cancer cells. These inhibitory effects of Foxo1 are attenuated by IGF1 but are enhanced when it is rendered Akt-nonphosphorylatable. Foxo1 interacts directly with the C terminus of AR in a ligand-dependent manner and disrupts ligand-induced AR subnuclear compartmentalization. Foxo1 is recruited by liganded AR to the chromatin of AR target gene promoters, where it interferes with AR-DNA interactions. IGF1 or insulin abolish the Foxo1 occupancy of these promoters. Of interest, a positive feedback circuit working locally in an autocrine/intracrine manner may exist, because liganded AR up-regulates IGF1 receptor expression in prostate cancer cells, presumably resulting in higher IGF1 signaling tension and further enhancing the functions of the receptor itself. Thus, Foxo1 is a novel corepressor for AR, and IGF1/insulin signaling may confer stimulatory effects on AR by attenuating Foxo1 inhibition. These results highlight the potential involvement of metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia in prostate diseases and further suggest that intervention of IGF1/insulin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling may be of clinical value for prostate diseases.
Underuse of coronary revascularization procedures in patients considered appropriate candidates for revascularization.

BACKGROUND Ratings by an expert panel of the appropriateness of treatments may offer better guidance for clinical practice than the variable decisions of individual clinicians, yet there have been no prospective studies of clinical outcomes. We compared the clinical outcomes of patients treated medically after angiography with those of patients who underwent revascularization, within groups defined by ratings of the degree of appropriateness of revascularization in varying clinical circumstances. METHODS This was a prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography at three London hospitals. Before patients were recruited, a nine-member expert panel rated the appropriateness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) on a nine-point scale (with 1 denoting highly inappropriate and 9 denoting highly appropriate) for specific clinical indications. These ratings were then applied to a population of patients with coronary artery disease. However, the patients were treated without regard to the ratings. A total of 2552 patients were followed for a median of 30 months after angiography. RESULTS Of 908 patients with indications for which PTCA was rated appropriate (score, 7 to 9), 34 percent were treated medically; these patients were more likely to have angina at follow-up than those who underwent PTCA (odds ratio, 1.97; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.00). Of 1353 patients with indications for which CABG was considered appropriate, 26 percent were treated medically; they were more likely than those who underwent CABG to die or have a nonfatal myocardial infarction--the composite primary outcome (hazard ratio, 4.08; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.82 to 5.93)--and to have angina (odds ratio, 3.03; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.08 to 4.42). Furthermore, there was a graded relation between rating and outcome over the entire scale of appropriateness (P for linear trend=0.002). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the ratings of the expert panel, we identified substantial underuse of coronary revascularization among patients who were considered appropriate candidates for these procedures. Underuse was associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Association between long periods without high-speed workouts and risk of complete humeral or pelvic fracture in thoroughbred racehorses: 54 cases (1991-1994).

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a two-month or longer period without official high-speed workouts (lay-up) is associated with humeral or pelvic fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses. DESIGN Reprospective study. ANIMALS Thoroughbred racehorses in California that were euthanatized because of a complete humeral or pelvic fracture. PROCEDURE Age, sex, activity, number of lay-ups, number of days from a race or official timed workout to fracture, number of days from end of last lay-up to fracture, mean duration of lay-ups, and total number of days in race training were compared between horses with humeral fractures and horses with pelvic fractures. A case-crossover study was used to estimate relative risk for fracture of the humerus or pelvis occurring within hazard periods of 10 and 21 days following lay-up, compared with periods following more regular participation in official racing or timed workout events. RESULTS Horses with pelvic fractures were more often female, older, and had 0 or > or = 2 lay-ups. Horses with humeral fractures were typically 3-year-old males that had 1 lay-up. Horses with pelvic fractures had more total days in race training, fewer days from last exercise event to fracture, and a greater number of days from end of last lay-up to fracture than horses with humeral fractures. Return from lay-up was strongly associated with risk for humeral fracture during hazard periods of 10 and 21 days (relative risk = 71 and 45, respectively). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Risk of humeral fracture may be reduced if horses are cautiously reintroduced into race training after lay-up.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Coexistent with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Single Lymph Node

Cervical lymphadenopathy can be developed from various causes such as viral infection, bacterial infection, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, tuberculosis, malignancy, and reactive changes. In patients who have malignancy, metastatic lymphadenopathy is possible but it is rare that other concomitant diseases are in the same lymph node. We experienced a case of coexistence of Kikuchi necrotizing lymphadenitis and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a single cervical lymph node. A 38-year-old man who was previously diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer with cervical lymph nodes metastasis presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymph node biopsy showed tuberculous lymphadenitis. After finishing anti-tuberculosis medication, recurrent lymphadenopathy had developed and a surgical biopsy was performed. At that time, the diagnosis was Kikuchi necrotizing lymphadenitis combined with metastatic papillary carcinoma in a single lymph node.