Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing a measure of unplanned pregnancy

The incidence of unplanned pregnancy has long been used as an indicator of sexual and reproductive health. However, because of dramatic social and demographic changes, existing measures have become outdated and no satisfactory contemporary measure of this status exists. The aim of this study was to develop a measure of unplanned pregnancy which is valid, reliable and appropriate in the context of contemporary demographic trends and social mores, and can be used to establish population estimates of unplanned pregnancy. To achieve this, a two-stage study design was employed: firstly, qualitative (inductive) methods in order to delineate the construct of pregnancy planning/intention, and secondly quantitative/psychometric methods to establish the means of measurement. At the qualitative stage, 67 depth interviews were carried out with pregnant (continuing pregnancy and abortion) and postnatal women. A conceptual model of pregnancy planning/intention was developed from these data and used as the basis for item development in the quantitative stage. Standard psychometric techniques were then employed to construct the measure and test its reliability and validity (the qualitative findings informing judgements about content and construct validity). Over 1000 women participated in the psychometric field testing. The result of the study is a six-item measure of unplanned pregnancy - the first psychometric measure of this construct. Psychometric testing demonstrated the measure's high reliability (Cronbach's alpha>0.90; test-retest reliability >0.90) and high face, content, and construct validity. Women may occupy a range of positions in relation to pregnancy planning, and these are represented in the measure by the spectrum of scores (zero to 12). These scores provide a more sophisticated level of information about pregnancy planning than was previously available. The measure is suitable for use with any pregnancy regardless of outcome (i. e. birth, abortion, miscarriage) and is highly acceptable to women.
Computational Lagrangian Multiplier Method using optimization and sensitivity analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beams

This study conducts an optimization and sensitivity analysis on rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beam using Lagrangian Multiplier Method (LMM) as programming optimization computer soft ware. The analysis is conducted to obtain the minimum design cost for both singly and doubly RC beams according to the specifications of three regulations of American concrete institute (ACI), British regulation (BS), and Iranian concrete regulation (ICS). Moreover, a sensitivity analysis on cost is performed with respect to the effective parameters such as length, width, and depth of beam, and area of reinforcement. Accordingly, various curves are developed to be feasibly utilized in design of RC beams. Numerical examples are also represented to better illustrate the design steps. The results indicate that instead of complex optimization relationships, the LMM can be used to minimize the cost of singly and doubly reinforced beams with different boundary conditions. The results of the sensitivity analysis on LMM indicate that each regulation can provide the most optimal values at specific situations. Therefore, using the graphs proposed for different design conditions can effectively help the designer (without necessity of primary optimization knowledge) choose the best regulation and values of design parameters.
Analysis of Barriers to the Successful Prevention and Management of Pediatric Obesity and their Relationship to Care at Community Health Centers

Despite international attention, pediatric obesity continues to burden healthcare. Much research has been done to identify barriers to the successful reduction of childhood overweight and obesity, however, a more condensed and accessible compilation of these barriers was lacking. A literature review was done to identify the barriers healthcare providers perceive to the prevention and management of pediatric obesity. It was performed in Fall of 2013 from the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, and SocIndex. Two independent reviewers selected relevant articles, developed a coding template, and extracted themes. Barriers to the prevention and management of pediatric obesity fell into three overarching categories with 17 individual themes. The first category addressed external factors that inhibited providers from discussing the topic. The second category focused on barriers to interpersonal communication. The last category described provider perceptions of the caregiver. Healthcare providers perceive numerous barriers to the effective prevention and management of pediatric obesity. An elemental discrepancy exists in determining roles and responsibilities of providers when addressing pediatric obesity. Moving forward, a discussion amongst key stakeholders is necessary to develop synchronized perceptions, goals, and strategies. Community Health Centers (CHCs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are growing in importance and provide a new venue to tackle pediatric obesity. CHCs are unique in their structure and relationship with the federal government and thus should be examined for potential opportunities and barriers that, if targeted and addressed, could help progress the fight against pediatric overweight and obesity.
Retentissement chez les conjoints de personnes victimes d'un AVC

R E S U M E : Objectif: une enquete nationale a ete menee aupres des membres de la famille de victimes d'un accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) survenu depuis un an pour en etudier les consequences tant sur la vie familiale que sur le plan psychoaffectif. Le present article concerne seulement les conjoints (soit 146 personnes) de ces personnes victimes d'AVC. Methode : cette enquete menee au domicile s'est faite a l'aide de 3 questionnaires dont un principal (celui notamment des conjoints) portant sur tous les aspects de la vie familiale et des relations sociales en essayant de mettre en evidence les retentissements entraines par la survenue de l'AVC. Resultats : ils mettent en evidence l'importance des bouleversements familiaux, en particulier dans les relations de couple : profond changement (le plus souvent negatif) sur le plan du travail et des revenus, sur le plan psychologique (avec parfois un effet positif sur le caractere des conjoints), dans la vie de couple (notamment sur le plan sentimental et sexuel), ainsi que dans la repartition des tâches et roles au sein du menage. Tous les resultats sont presentes et analyses en fonction de diverses variables dont le sexe, l'appartenance sociale et l'importance de l'atteinte due a l'AVC (en particulier le fait d'etre aphasique ou pas). Discussion : on peut retenir l'idee forte que l'AVC constitue un evenement qui peut etre considere comme un revelateur de l'etat social et relationnel anterieur entrainant en quelque sorte des effets d'exacerbation tant positifs que negatifs.
Printing Flowers? Custom-Tailored Photonic Cellulose Films with Engineered Surface Topography

Summary Wrought by nature's wondrous hand, surface topographies are discovered on all length scales in living creatures and serve a variety of functions. Inspired by floral striations, here we developed a scalable means of fabricating custom-tailored photonic cellulose films that contained both cholesteric organization and microscopic wrinkly surface topography. Free-standing films were prepared by molding cellulose nanocrystal ink onto an oriented wrinkled template through evaporation-assisted nanoimprinting lithography, yielding morphology-induced light scattering at a short wavelength as well as optically tunable structural color derived from the helical cellulose matrix. As a result, the interplay between the two photonic structures, grating-like surface and chiral bulk, led to selective scattering of circularly polarized light with specific handedness. Moreover, the wrinkled surface relief on cholesteric cellulose films could be precisely controlled, enabling engineered printing of microscopic patterned images.
Surface Density Function Evolution in Spherically Expanding Flames in Globally Stoichiometric Droplet-laden Mixtures

ABSTRACT The statistical behaviors of the magnitude of the reaction progress variable gradient (alternatively known as the Surface Density Function (SDF)) and the strain rates, which affect the SDF evolution, have been analyzed using three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of spherically expanding flames in globally stoichiometric initially mono-sized droplet-laden mixtures for different initial turbulence intensities and droplet diameters. It has been found that gaseous phase combustion predominantly takes place under fuel–lean mode and this tendency strengthens for large droplets and high turbulence intensities. The mean values of flame displacement speed, dilatation rate and normal strain rate decrease with increasing turbulence intensity and droplet diameter. By contrast, the mean tangential strain rate increases with increasing turbulence intensity for all droplet diameters. The mean normal strain rate induced by flame propagation remains negative but its magnitude decreases with increasing droplet size and turbulence intensity. The mean tangential strain rate induced by flame propagation (alternatively curvature stretch rate) assumes negative values except for the laminar flame with small droplets. The mean effective normal strain rate has been found to assume predominantly positive values and increases with increasing turbulence intensity for the droplet cases considered here. The mean effective tangential strain rate (alternatively stretch rate) is found to assume mostly negative values except for the laminar case with small droplets. The mean effective tangential strain rate decreases with increasing droplet size, which leads to a smaller extent of flame surface area generation for flames with larger droplets.
Maitland's Vertebral Manipulation

Glossary Chapter 1: The Maitland Concept: assessment, examination, and treatment of movement impairments by passive movement Geoffrey D. Maitland Chapter 2: Clinical reasoning: from the Maitland Concept and beyond Mark A. Jones Chapter 3: Communication and the therapeutic relationship Elly Hengeveld and Geoffrey D. Maitland Chapter 4: Management of cervical spine disorders: a neuro-orthopaedic perspective Robin Blake and Tim Beames Chapter 5: Management of thoracic spine disorders Peter Wells and Kevin Banks Chapter 6: Management of lumbar spine disorders Elly Hengeveld and Kevin Banks Chapter 7: Management of sacroiliac and pelvic disorders Elaine Maheu and Elly Hengeveld Chapter 8: Sustaining functional capacity and performance Elly Hengeveld Appendix 1 Movement diagram theory and compiling a movement diagram Appendix 2 Clinical examples of movement diagrams Appendix 3 Examination refinements and movement diagrams Appendix 4 Recording
Rhodochrosite Optical Indicatrix

The name rhodochrosite is from the Greek ῤοδοχρωϛ (ῤοδο - rose + χρωϛ - color). It is said the inca rose designation is based on the “fact” that some of it comes from stalctitic and stalagmitic growths in silver mines worked by the ancient Incas. The electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials, such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress, phenomenon called piezoelectricity. The electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency is a crystal oscillator. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators.
Nonlinear modeling of SFRC beam using multilinear softening function obtained by inverse analysis

The modeling of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a challenging task in comparison with the conventional reinforced concrete structures. Softening functions used to numerically reproduce SFRC fracture need to describe the effects associated with the post-cracking residual strength induced by the fibers in the concrete matrix. In order to do this, multilinear softening functions can be used to consider these effects. The work presents the results of a study in which the behavior of a SFRC beam tested in four-point bending test is compared with the responses obtained in nonlinear simulations using the finite element method. Multilinear softening functions are obtained through an inverse analysis technique, aiming to reproduce the phenomena of appearance and propagation of cracks. The simulations were performed using ATENA/GiD software. The technique adopted to find the softening function of SFRC allowed to reproduce, with a good agreement, the behavior reported experimentally.
Mediación Social en el Consumo de Alimentos en Ovinos: Condicionamiento Jerárquico por Edad como Herramienta para Controlar la Dieta en Rumiantes No Emparentados en Pastoreo.

La aversion alimenticia inducida por la administracion de Cloruro de Litio (LiCl) ha sido descripta y utilizada en diferentes especies animales para condicionar el consumo de alimentos. En rumiantes durante el pastoreo en grupo los animales de mayor edad son los encargados de transferir el comportamiento de seleccion de alimentos a los mas jovenes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si la aversion alimenticia inducida con LiCl en ovejas adultas es transmitida a corderos no emparentados. Se utilizaron 12 ovinos, 4 ovejas adultas y 8 corderos. Luego de confirmar el consumo de racion comercial por parte de las ovejas, 3 fueron condicionadas con LiCl 200 mg/kg PV (oralmente), usando 1 como control. Se formaron 4 trios de 1 oveja con 2 corderos, midiendo previamente el consumo de racion de los ultimos, registrando la variacion del consumo luego de 20 dias de convivencia en estabulacion. Luego de este periodo los corderos agrupados con ovejas condicionadas disminuyeron el consumo de racion significativamente (p < .01). El condicionamiento jerarquico en ovinos parece ser una herramienta util para controlar la dieta y el consumo de alimentos no deseados, tales como plantas toxicas en condiciones de pastoreo a campo natural. Socially-Mediated Food Transmition in Ovine: HierarchicalConditioning by Age as a Diet-Managing Tool in Unrelated Ruminants During Foraging: Conditioning of food consumption induced by Lithium Chloride (LiCl) treatment has been reported in different animal species. In ruminants, older animals are capable of transferring selective food aversion to the youngers. The objetive of this study was to determine whether food aversion in adult sheep induced by LiCl can be transmitted to non-relative lambs. Twelve animals, four adult ewes and eight lambs were used. Three ewes were conditioned with LiCl 200 mg/kg BW (orally) to avoid concentrate consumption, while the other one acted as a control. Food consumption of lambs was recorded prior to the trial, to define preconditioned basal consumption. After that, animals were assigned to four groups of one sheep and two lambs each, whose food consumption was recorded for a 20-day period in lairage. Concentrate consumption decreased significantly in those lambs that were grouped with conditioned ewes (p < .01). These results suggest that hierarchical conditioning in sheep would be a useful tool to control diet and consumption of potentially harmful food like toxic plants. Palabras claves: Condicionamiento social; Aversion alimenticia; Ovinos.
Praxis, Critical Pedagogy and Critical Adult and Community Education

My motivation for undertaking this research stemmed from the fascination I had in the ways of working with adult learners and the way in which adult and community education was a powerful tool for change. The purpose of this study was to explore this interest in close detail, examining how praxis, the cycle of action and reflection, and critical pedagogy in adult and community education might work towards social transformation. Critical pedagogy, the dynamic interaction between ‘really useful knowledge’, the educators and the learners, in the learning environment, lacked an ingredient that I sought to uncover in the study. What do adult educators do that enables them and the learners to act upon the world? The literature centred on critical pedagogy in mainstream education, feminist pedagogy, praxis and critical consciousness. It conceptualised the study with a brief overview of Ireland, with a particular focus on inequalities and injustice. To gather data, I interviewed fifteen critical adult educators, policy workers and other stakeholders, asking how they developed their critical outlooks, and further, inquiring how critical pedagogy was carried out. The research endeavoured to be congruent with adult and community education, and thus, focused on the stories that the interviewees told about their lives. Their reflections revealed their aspirations to work for social justice, particularly through adult and community education. The study found that the practice which aimed to develop critical consciousness comprised a wide variety of methods, ‘really useful methods’, which engaged learners, motivating them to think critically, to discuss and to question. That was a way to create the environment for acting upon the world.
The Effect of Some Physical Factors on the II → I Phase Transition of Isotactic Polybutene-1

Abstract Isotactic polybutene-1 exhibits excellent physical, mechanical and chemical properties dependent on its most important polymorphic crystal forms, called forms I, II and III. The most stable form, form I, is generated via a slow, solid-state transformation of the tetragonal, kinetically favored form II. The slow transformation rate of form II to I, accompanied by sample shrinkage, attains its maximum at ca 25 °C and takes 7–10 days, which is a technical problem for iPB-1 practical applications. We describe here the results reported in the literature by the authors and others of the effect of various physical factors that affect the transformation rate, with the goal of determining means of accelerating it; it is noted explanations of the effects are limited and in many cases, not given.
Behavior Analysis of the Nonwoven Needle-Punched Polyester Fabrics Due to Compression Loading

This study investigates bursting strength, puncture resistance and the relevant real elongations of the nonwoven needle-punched polyester fabrics using compressive behavior study and statistical design of experiment known as threefactor factorial design. To evaluate effect of main parameters of fabric structure, seventy-five samples were prepared and a prediction model was developed by multiple linear regression method. The results unanimously showed that samples have undeniable similarities in the compression behavior, so that four distinguished regions can be considered through the path tracing of the force-deflection curves. Additionally, it was concluded that the puncture’s self-socking position takes place in less magnitude of elongation in comparison to the similar position of bursting. Stress concentration in puncture causes that the fabric rupture was due to fiber breakage rather than its slippage. Whereas, the bursting ruptures of the fabric are further the result of fiber slippage. This is clearly due to geometry of ball-shaped device which is led to the relative uniformity of the quality of bursting loading.
Evaluation of the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary pathfinding instruments made of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys with different heat treatments

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary pathfinding instruments made of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys submitted to different heat treatments. Materials and Methods: Eighty NiTi endodontic files were divided into four study groups, as follows: Scout Race 15.02 (FKG Deintaire SA), Pathfile 19.02 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Proglider 16.02 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and Hyflex GPS 20.02 (Coltene Whaledent, Allstatten, Switzerland). The instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing using simulated canals with a 6mm radius and 30° or 45° curvature angles. The data obtained were organized in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed statistically using BioEstat 5.3 software (Marimaua Institute, Manaus, Brazil). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used in the analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for multiple comparisons, at a significance level of 5%. Results: The Hyflex instrument was superior to all the other instruments (p<0.05), and Pathfile had a superior fatigue time (p<0.05) compared with Scout Race and Proglider, for both of the curvature angles analyzed. No significant difference was observed between Scout Race and Proglider. Conclusions: Cyclic fatigue resistance of the HyFlex GPF instrument was the highest among those tested, and the curvature radius had a significant effect on fatigue resistance. A significant decrease in the cyclic fatigue time was observed, with an increase in the flexion (curvature angle), irrespective of the instrument analyzed.
Influence of surface roughness on the adhesion hysteresis of nano thin film

The influence of surface roughness on adhesion hysteresis of Cu thin films with different thickness was studied. The Cu thin films were fabricated using dc magnetron sputtering technology and their surface adhesion forces were measured using force-displacement curves of atomic force microscopy. The experiment results show that the unload curve exhibits obvious adhesion hysteresis and that the roughness and adhesion force have opposite change tendency. The theoretical analysis on the influence of thin film roughness to the adhesion hysteresis was carried out using the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts model. The results show that the load curve and unload curve constitute a closed curve and that the smoother the surface, the more obvious adhesion hysteresis, i.e. the rougher the surface, the less obvious adhesion hysteresis. The theoretical analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
When Behavioral Intervention Failed: A Single Case Report of a Successful Treatment of Selective Mutism Using Fluoxetine

This art icle demonstrates the remed iation of selective mut ism (SM) with fluo xetine treat ment on a male (9 years 2 months), fo llowing unsuccessful behavioral and psychosocial interventions. Although it is premature to consider pharmacological treat ment as a more effective treat ment than behavioral or other psychotherapeutic modalit ies for persistent SM, the results from this study are consistent with prior research demonstrating the efficacy of pharmacological intervention, specifically fluo xetine, in the treat ment of SM.
Ultrasonic Monitoring of Crack Propagation of Notched Concretes Using Embedded Piezo-electric Transducers

The ultrasonic transmission method based on embedded piezoelectric transducers is employed to continuously monitor the cracking process of different strength notched concrete specimens under three-point bending. For comparison, the strain gauge technique is applied simultaneously. An ultrasonic damage index is employed to analyze the onset and propagation of cracking in concretes of three different strength levels. It is found that the damage process could be characterized by three typical stages, i.e., undamaged stage, progressive stage and failure stage, by this damage index. For estimating the onset of cracking, the embedded ultrasonic method is more accurate and sensitive than strain gauge technique. With the increase of strength level of concrete, the difference in initial cracking loads between the results obtained by the embedded ultrasonic method and strain gauge technique is reduced. An obvious decreasing trend in the duration of progressive damage stage with the increase of strength level is confirmed with embedded ultrasonic method.