Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The murine Otp homeobox gene plays an essential role in the specification of neuronal cell lineages in the developing hypothalamus.

Hypothalamic nuclei, including the anterior periventricular (aPV), paraventricular (PVN), and supraoptic (SON) nuclei strongly express the homeobox gene Orthopedia (Otp) during embryogenesis. Targeted inactivation of Otp in the mouse results in the loss of these nuclei in the homozygous null neonates. The Otp null hypothalamus fails to secrete neuropeptides somatostatin, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in an appropriate spatial and temporal fashion, and leads to the death of Otp null pups shortly after birth. Failure to produce these neuropeptide hormones is evident prior to E15.5, indicating a failure in terminal differentiation of the aPV/PVN/SON neurons. Absence of elevated apoptotic activity, but reduced cell proliferation together with the ectopic activation of Six3 expression in the presumptive PVN, indicates a critical role for Otp in terminal differentiation and maturation of these neuroendocrine cell lineages. Otp employs distinct regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of specific molecular markers in the developing hypothalamus. At early embryonic stages, expression of Sim2 is immediately downregulated as a result of the absence of Otp, indicating a potential role for Otp as an upstream regulator of Sim2. In contrast, the regulation of Brn4 which is also expressed in the SON and PVN is independent of Otp function. Hence no strong evidence links Otp and Brn4 in the same regulatory pathway. The involvement of Otp and Sim1 in specifying specific hypothalamic neurosecretory cell lineages is shown to operate via distinct signaling pathways that partially overlap with Brn2.
Importance of correct interpretation of postmortem artifacts in medicolegal autopsies.

PURPOSE To study whether various injuries labelled as antemortem are in fact postmortem artifacts. STUDY SUBJECTS 780 postmortems conducted in mortuary of S.M. C. Karachi from 1-1-95 to 20-9-95. MAIN FINDINGS Out of 780 autopsies, 229 showed postmortem artifacts which included decomposition in 78, animal and insects producing changes in 45, injuries due to rough handling in 40, breaking of rigor mortis and shifting of postmortem lividity during transportation in 37, iatrogenic fracture of skull during opening in 15, fractured ribs during resuscitation after death in 8 and exhumation producing fractures of bones in 6 bodies.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Company Performance during the Recent Financial Crisis

We investigate whether company performance during the 2007-2009 financial crisis is related to the use of off-balance sheet arrangements (OBSAs), specifically those related to transferred financial assets and variable interest entities. Using propensity-score matching for a sample of non-bank companies, we show that the use of these OBSAs is associated with almost 10 percent lower buy-and-hold returns during the crisis. We do not find a significant negative relation for a placebo test one year before the crisis. In addition, we find no relation for companies that use only on-balance sheet accounting.
Compound Exemplar Based Object Detection by Incremental Random Forest

This paper describes a new hybrid detection method that combines exemplar based approach with discriminative patch selection. More specifically, we applied a modified random forest for retrieval of input similar local patches of stored exemplars while rejecting background patches. A recursive algorithm based on dynamic programming 2D matching optimization is applied after the aforementioned patch retrieving stage in order to enforce geometric constraints of object patches. Our proposed approach demonstrates experimentally that it performs well while maintaining the capability for incremental learning.
The documentation practice of perioperative nurses: a literature review

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE To explore and present the existing knowledge of the documentation practices of perioperative nurses in the operating room. BACKGROUND Studies demonstrate that the documentation of nursing care provided is important for the continuity of patient care as well as patient safety. Nurses find that documenting their perioperative services is important to the surgical pathway; however, a number of studies indicate that the documentation practices of perioperative nurses are characterised by subjectivity, randomness and poor quality. DESIGN A literature review with a systematic search of scientific material. METHOD The content of the studies included was analysed using content analysis as suggested by Krippendorff. The materials were acquired by searching electronic databases. The search was performed for the period 1995-2015 and resulted in 12 studies. RESULTS Three general themes were found to be important for perioperative nurses' documentation practices: (1) the documentation tool must be adapted to the clinical practice; (2) nurses document to improve patient safety and protect themselves legally; and (3) traditions and conditions for documentation. CONCLUSION Nurses considered documenting their perioperative practices very important. It was of vital importance that the tool used be adapted to the actual clinical practice and to relevant regulations regarding form and content. Nurses' subjective perceptions of and opinions on the effect of documentation influenced their documentation practices, which were widely governed by habits and traditions. Nurses document to safeguard patients against errors but also to protect their own legal status. Nurses also use documentation as proof of their nursing and as 'a window' to gain recognition for their professional practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our review demonstrates that a focus on the documentation traditions of perioperative nurses combined with training, structure and improved technical tools may facilitate the documentation and thereby improve patient safety.
Axial buckling and transverse vibration of ultrathin nanowires: low symmetry and surface elastic effect

Surface effects play a deterministic role in the physical and mechanical properties of nanosized materials and structures. In this paper, we present a self-consistent theoretical scheme for describing the elasticity of nanowires. The natural frequency and the critical compression force of axial buckling are obtained analytically, taking into consideration the influences of lower symmetry, additional elastic parameters, surface reconstruction, surface elasticity, and residual surface stress. Applications of the present theory to elastic systems for the 〈1 0 0 〉 axially oriented Si and Cu nanowires and Ag 〈1 1 0 〉 axially oriented nanowires yield good agreement with experimental data and calculated results. The larger positive value of the new elastic parameter c12α taken into account for Si 〈1 0 0 〉 oriented nanowires drives the curves of natural frequency and critical compression force versus thickness towards the results obtained from density functional theory simulation. Negative surface stress decreases the critical load for axial buckling, thus making the nanowires very easy to bend into various structures. The present study is envisaged to provide useful insights for the design and application of nanowire-based devices.
Defining the role and scope of practice of allied health assistants within Queensland public health services.

BACKGROUND The uptake and utilisation of allied health assistants as professional support staff has been variable across disciplines and jurisdictions. Although they are potentially very important in the current health workforce context, there is little agreement on their roles or the most suitable methods to define these roles. METHOD Based on a review of literature, existing role descriptions and focus groups, a Delphi survey process was undertaken. This process comprising three rounds of discussion and clarification via email, with between 107 and 188 participants, was undertaken to define and establish consensus on allied health assistant roles at three levels. RESULTS Three cycles of editing, qualitative feedback and rating of agreement with statements resulted in substantial clarification of roles and a meaningful degree of consensus regarding the role and scope of such positions. High levels of agreement were not reached for more high-level or contested clinical tasks. CONCLUSIONS The Delphi process resulted in key tasks and roles being defined and contentious aspects clearly identified. The process facilitated engagement with workforce members most closely affected by these questions. It was a useful means of drawing together the opinions of the workforce and informing implementation trials to follow.
Single or multiple oligodendroglial lineages: A controversy

The text books all say oligodendrocytes are the last cell to arise during development. The analysis of the spatio‐temporal pattern of expression of plp/dm‐20 during embryonic development in both the chick and the mouse provides evidence that the induction of oligodendrocyte occurs much earlier than we thought. In fact, it seems as though these cells must arise nearly simultaneously with neurons and it is just that they do not mature until later. Furthermore, we review the experimental arguments in favor of the existence of at least two, if not more, oligodendrocyte precursor cells: one is defined by the expression of PDGFRα, another characterized by expression of plp/dm‐20 is independent from PDGF‐AA for its proliferation and survival. We then postulate the existence of a third family of yet unknown origin. GLIA 29:143–148, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The single breath N2-test predicts the rate of decline in FEV1. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

The single breath N2-test and spirometry were carried out on two occasions 7 years apart in 460 men, 50 and 60 years old and sampled from the general population. We analyzed the relationship between the rate of decline in FEV1 during the follow-up and the steepness of the slope of phase III at the start of the study. The results showed an association between an increased rate of decline in FEV1 during the follow-up period and a steep slope of phase III at the start of the study, allowing for age, smoking habits and FEV1 at the start of the study (p less than 0.001). An increase in the slope of phase III from e.g. 1.0 to 4.0% N2/l in moderate smokers was found to predict an increase in the rate of decline in FEV1 by 50%.
Cervical Cancer: Knowledge, Screening Practices and Vaccines among Female Medical Students in the Commonwealth of Dominica

Background: The mortality rate associated with cervical cancer has been on a steady decrease in developed countries, due to the fact that it is a preventable disease if detected early. Apart from making tools and equipment available for necessary screening, proper awareness of cervical cancer is highly recommended among females of susceptible ages. Awareness of cervical cancer remains a concern in the Caribbean. This study presents the knowledge of cervical cancer, screening practices and vaccines among female medical students at the All Saints University School of Medicine, Dominica. Methods and Findings: The study included a crosssectional design involving 100 females above the age of 15 years. Self-administered questionnaire were administered and results analyzed. About 70% and 72.73% acknowledged to been aware of cervical cancer and cervical screening respectively. The awareness status presented by this study was significantly lower than reports in developed counties. Conclusion: This study thus emphasized a need for proper orientation of female medical students on cervical cancer and screening.
The effects of Wulst ablations on color, brightness and pattern discrimination in pigeons (Columba livia)

Pigeons were trained to peck at a transparent response key on which was projected either a color, brightness or pattern discrimination problem. Each subject was trained on only one of these problems. Training was continued until the subjects had reached asymptote. After reaching asymptote, subjects received brain ablations (by subpial suction) according to the following design: hyperstriate group, tissue removed from the Wulst; ablated controls, tissue removed from the neostriatum and corticoid areas; operated controls, no neural tissue intentionally removed. After a two week recovery period, each subject was re‐tested on the same discrimination task that it had learned pre‐operatively. Those birds with ablations of the Wulst showed deficits in performance on the brightness and pattern problems, but not on the color problem. Ablated and control subjects showed no post‐operative deficits. These findings indicate that the Wulst functions in brightness and pattern discrimination, but may not be essential for color discrimination.
Impact of new clinical trials on recent guidelines on hypertension management

Abstract Guidelines on hypertension diagnosis and treatment have been issued in 2007. Since then, a number of major intervention clinical trials have been designed, carried out, and completed with the aim of investigating unsolved issues related to the impact of the blood pressure-lowering intervention on cardiovascular risk and events. These include, among others, the nephroprotective properties of antihypertensive drugs, the blood pressure targets to be achieved during treatment in uncomplicated and more so in complicated hypertensive patients, the advantages of one drug combination versus another, and the benefits of antihypertensive drugs in the very elderly. All these questions have received a clear-cut answer by the results of recently performed clinical trials, which have been included in the 2009 update document of the European guidelines. This paper will be focused on the 2007 guidelines document and the 2009 update paper, highlighting the new concepts and recommendations provided by the most recent intervention trials.
Tracking suicide risk factors through Twitter in the US.

BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Social media such as Twitter is an emerging surveillance tool that may assist researchers in tracking suicide risk factors in real time. AIMS To identify suicide-related risk factors through Twitter conversations by matching on geographic suicide rates from vital statistics data. METHOD At-risk tweets were filtered from the Twitter stream using keywords and phrases created from suicide risk factors. Tweets were grouped by state and departures from expectation were calculated. The values for suicide tweeters were compared against national data of actual suicide rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS A total of 1,659,274 tweets were analyzed over a 3-month period with 37,717 identified as at-risk for suicide. Midwestern and western states had a higher proportion of suicide-related tweeters than expected, while the reverse was true for southern and eastern states. A strong correlation was observed between state Twitter-derived data and actual state age-adjusted suicide data. CONCLUSION Twitter may be a viable tool for real-time monitoring of suicide risk factors on a large scale. This study demonstrates that individuals who are at risk for suicide may be detected through social media.
The Impact of E-Banking on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan

Customer satisfaction is imperative for the incessant survival of any organization around the world. This research work intends to investigate the impact of E-banking variables on customer satisfaction in Pakistan. Five service quality dimensions; reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangibles and empathy, derived from the SERVQUAL model with support of literature review have been selected as forecasters of customer satisfaction in E-banking. Research design of the study is quantitative. Data has been gathered through already tested questionnaire from 264 E-banking users as respondents, from different cities of Pakistan. Results of the study have revealed that there is momentous relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction in E-banking in Pakistan, with more weightage of reliability, responsiveness and assurance among the five dimensions. Through this study we can conclude that service quality in E-banking leads to satisfied customers and thus banks can gain competitive advantage by offering better-quality services to their customers in today’s emulous world.
Male circumcision and HIV acquisition and transmission: cohort studies in Rakai, Uganda. Rakai Project Team.

BACKGROUND Male circumcision is associated with reduced HIV acquisition. METHODS HIV acquisition was determined in a cohort of 5507 HIV-negative Ugandan men, and in 187 HIV-negative men in discordant relationships. Transmission was determined in 223 HIV-positive men with HIV-negative partners. HIV incidence per 100 person years (py) and adjusted rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Poisson regression. HIV-1 serum viral load was determined for the seropositive partners in HIV-discordant couples. RESULTS The prevalence of circumcision was 16.5% for all men; 99.1% in Muslims and 3.7% in non-Muslims. Circumcision was significantly associated with reduced HIV acquisition in the cohort as a whole (RR 0.53, CI 0.33-0.87), but not among non-Muslim men. Prepubertal circumcision significantly reduced HIV acquisition (RR 0.49, CI 0.26-0.82), but postpubertal circumcision did not. In discordant couples with HIV-negative men, no serconversions occurred in 50 circumcised men, whereas HIV acquisition was 16.7 per 100 py in uncircumcised men (P = 0.004). In couples with HIV-positive men, HIV transmission was significantly reduced in circumcised men with HIV viral loads less than 50000 copies/ml (P = 0.02). INTERPRETATION Prepubertal circumcision may reduce male HIV acquisition in a general population, but the protective effects are confounded by cultural and behavioral factors in Muslims. In discordant couples, circumcision reduces HIV acquisition and transmission. The assessment of circumcision for HIV prevention is complex and requires randomized trials.
Delayed hypersensitivity to beryllium compounds.

Assessment of delayed hypersensitivity to beryllium compounds was made by using in vivo and in vitro techniques in sensitized and normal guinea pigs. Hartley strain guinea pigs could be sensitized by repeated intradermal injections over a 6-week period, but not by single injections of beryllium intraperitoneally or intramuscularly. Maximum subtoxic doses of BeSO4 (5 µg) and BeF2 (2.5 µg) were determined for the intradermal skin test in normal guinea pigs. When these doses of salts were used to challenge sensitized animals, classical delayed hypersensitive skin reactions ensued. When normal and sensitized guinea pigs were challenged with an insoluble form of beryllium (BeO), the reactions obtained were considered typical of classical beryllium granulomata in only the sensitized animals. Soluble mediators of cellular hypersensitivity were assayed as in vitro correlates of delayed hypersensitivity. There was a 74% positive correlation of migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) and skin test results in sensitized animals. This sensitivity to beryllium was transferable by cells when assessed by both in vivo and in vitro techniques in the passively sensitized recipients. Lymphocytotoxin was also demonstrable in cell suspensions from sensitized animals when exposed to beryllium, but not in unsensitized controls. Patients with diagnosed chronic pulmonary berylliosis were assessed for sensitivity by in vitro inhibition of peripheral blood leukocyte migration and showed MIF production when exposed to BeSO4 in vitro. An unexplained inhibition of leukocyte migration was observed when peripheral leukocytes from these patients were exposed in vitro to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), even though the patients were all skin test-negative before steroid therapy. Peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with chronic lung disease other than berylliosis and no history of exposure to beryllium were MIF-negative to BeSO4, but positive to PPD. The available data support the hypothesis that reactivity to beryllium compounds is due to classical delayed hypersensitivity, and the techniques that were used may be applicable as diagnostic tools.
What Determines the Acquirers’ Location Preferences and Ownership Outcomes? An Empirical Study of East and Southeast Asian Markets

This paper addresses two of the most important questions in the bidder’s acquisition planning: Should they acquire a domestic or cross-border target? Acquire partial- or full-control? In the context of eight East and Southeast Asian countries with a takeover wave following the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, it is found that good corporate governance of a target is a significant feature attracting both domestic and cross-border acquirers. However, target firms with poor financial performance are more likely to be acquired by domestic bidders while good-performing firms are more attractive to cross-border bidders. The findings also support the idea that the post-takeover integration process in cross-border takeovers is likely to be more problematic relative to domestic acquisitions and, therefore, the post-acquisition incremental performance improvement is greater for domestic targets compared to cross-border targets. Further, this paper indicates that targets with more independent directors, more powerful CEOs, and greater blockholdings are more likely to be taken over through partial-control rather than full-control acquisitions.
Prevalence and aetiology of dermatophytoses in Isfahan, Iran

Summary. In this study the prevalence and causative agents of dermatophytoses in Isfahan, a large province of Iran, were determined. Of 16 578 clinically suspected cases 13.3% were affected with dermatophytoses. Lesions of tinea capitis were the most prevalent clinical type of dermatophytoses (54.1%), followed by tinea corporis (23.8%) and tinea pedis (8.9%). Trichophyton verrucosum was the most frequent causative agent (32.8%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (17.6%), T. mentagrophytes (16.2%) and Microsporum canis (12.3%). We found a relationship between the spread of dermatophytoses and live‐stock infected with dermatophytoses in Isfahan.