Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An elicitation of speeding behaviour beliefs in school zones in Australia

This elicitation study was designed to explore salient behavioural, normative, and control beliefs in accordance with the Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB) and in relation to drivers‟ speeding behaviour in school zones. The study also explored mindfulness and habit as additional constructs in the TPB framework. The aim of this study was to identify those beliefs which influenced drivers‟ speeding behaviour in school zones and thus gain greater insight into the motivating factors underpinning the behaviour which may inform interventions to reduce this behaviour. Seventeen Australian drivers participated in one of a series of focus group discussions. Overall, conceptual content analysis revealed some similar issues across the groups. In particular, highlighting the influence of behavioural and normative beliefs, there was much agreement that there were no real advantages to speeding in school zones with the behaviour considered dangerous and unacceptable and likely to also be regarded as such by important others. In addition, given the public concern about safety of school children, acknowledgment of such concern represented an important factor discouraging one‟s likelihood of engaging in speeding in school zones (i.e., complying with the school zone speed limit). However, despite normative support not to speed, and the need to ensure children‟s safety as an important factor discouraging speeding, the study also found that there was a tendency for drivers to report unintentionally speeding in a school zone. Instances of unintentional speeding were reported as occurring due to several reasons including a driver‟s current affective state (e.g., more likely to speed in a school zone if they were in a bad mood), the extent to which they were familiar with the environment (i.e., more likely to drive mindlessly – on „autopilot‟ - in more familiar contexts) and when feeling fatigued. The theoretical implications of including mindfulness and habit with TPB constructs and the practical implications in terms of suggested interventions are discussed.
Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the stability and ductility of steel structures proceedings of the 6th international colloquium 1st session sdss 99 timiwsoara romania 9 11 september 1999 is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.
Centroid error compensation method for a star tracker under complex dynamic conditions.

The traditional approach of a star tracker for reducing the dynamic error concentrates on a single frame of star images. Through correlating adjacent star images together with their angular relations sensed by a gyroscope unit (GU), the attitude-correlated frames (ACF) approach expands the view from one single frame to frame sequences. However, the star centroid is shifted from the star true position at the center time of the exposure period under complex dynamic conditions, which is called the complex motion induced error (CMIE) in this paper. The CMIE has a large effect on the performance of the ACF approach. This paper presents a method to compensate the CMIE through reconstructing the star trajectory with the angular velocity of the star tracker sensed by a GU, which achieves effective compensation of the CMIE crossing the boresight direction. Since the observation sensitivity to the CMIE along the boresight direction is low, the attitudes from two different fields of view (FOVs) are combined to improve its compensation accuracy. Then the ACF approach is applied to the obtained results where the CMIE has already been compensated completely. Simulations under shipboard dynamic conditions and experiments under oscillating conditions indicate that the proposed method is effective in improving the performance of the ACF approach and reducing the dynamic error of a star tracker under complex dynamic conditions.
Induced systemic resistance in chickpea against ascochyta blight by safe chemicals

Chickpea variety, C727 susceptible to Ascochyta rabiei, was grown in small plots of 20 sq feet area. Induction treatments were given by spraying aqueous solutions of 1.0 mM Salicylic acid, 50 mM K2HPO4 (analytical and commercial grade), 0.4 mM Bion and two types of neem leaves extract (50mg/ml, leaves boiled in methanol, methanol was evaporated then residue dissolved in water and in other extract neem leaves were boiled in water) at flowering stage of the plants in triplicates. Control plants were treated with water only. One week after induction treatments, all the plants were challenged with spore suspension of A. rabiei (106 spores/ml). Disease data was recorded after disease was fully developed on control plants. Plant tissues were collected at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after induction and challenge treatments for biochemical analyses of proteins and peroxidase enzyme activity as the part of defense mechanism. Blight disease was significantly reduced in chickpea variety C727 after spraying the plants with all the chemicals tested. Maximum reduction in the disease was obtained with Salicylic acid, followed by Bion. Slight increase in yield was observed in Bion, K2HPO4 (commercial) and neem extract treated plants as compared to control plants but the difference was non-significant. Plant tissues collected at different time intervals from induced and control plants after induction and challenged treatments were subjected to biochemical analyses of total proteins, SDS-PAGE, activity of peroxidase enzyme and Native PAGE for isozymes of peroxidase. A significant increase in total proteins and peroxidase activity was observed after induction treatments with all the chemicals tested. However, electrophoresis indicated that pattern of proteins and isoforms of peroxidase were similar in induced and control plants
Firm Opacity Lies in the Eye of the Beholder

Given the central role of firm opacity in most finance theories, empirical proxies that identify firm opacity correctly should allow for more powerful tests of these theories. The last decade has seen adoption of several different empirical proxies that aim to capture firm opacity. However, there is no study that has compared all of these measures. In this paper, we investigate how these different measures are related to each other. We classify the main empirical measures of firm opacity into three broad categories; those based on behavior of stock returns, those based on information produced by intermediaries such as stock analysts, and those based on market microstructure. Since opacity of depositary institutions has been focus of a number of recent studies, it provides a natural laboratory to test these different proxies. Our results show that while there is only a limited correlation among various opacity measures, most of them indicate that banks are less opaque compared to non-banks. Our failure to find consistent evidence on bank opacity suggests that the results are highly dependent on the opacity measure employed by the researcher. To measure the effectiveness of various opacity proxies, we use credit rating initiation as a significant shock to the firm information environment. We adopt a difference-in-difference approach, by comparing newly rated firms with “unchanged” firms, i.e. already rated or unrated firms. Our results suggest that the number of analysts and the price impact (as measured by the Amihud’s (2002) ratio) appear to be the most reliable proxies for firm opacity.
Mechanical power input from buoyancy and wind to the circulation in an ocean model

We make a systematic quantitative comparison of the effects that surface buoyancy forcing and wind stress have on the energy balance of an idealized, rotating, pole‐to‐pole ocean model with a zonally re‐entrant channel in the south, forced by realistic heat (buoyancy) fluxes and wind stresses representative of global climatology. Surface buoyancy fluxes and wind stress forcing are varied independently; both have significant effects on the reservoirs of various forms of energy and the rates of transfer between them. Importantly, we show for the first time that in the ocean, each power input has a positive feedback on the other. Changes in the rate of generation of available potential energy by buoyancy fluxes at the surface lead to similar changes in the rate of conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy by buoyancy forces (sinking) in the interior, and to changes in the rate of generation of kinetic energy by wind stress. Conversely, changes in the rate of generation of kinetic energy by wind stress lead to changes in the rate of generation of available potential energy by buoyancy forcing. We discuss how this feedback is mediated by the circumpolar current, and processes involving buoyancy, mixing and geostrophic balances. Our results support the notion that surface buoyancy forcing, along with wind and tidal forcing, plays an active role in the energy balance of the oceans. The overturning circulation in the oceans is not the result of a single driving force. Rather, it is a manifestation of a complex and subtle balance.
Country of Origin Image and It’s Impact on Brand Association, Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explain the influence of country of origin image on every elemen of brand equity. Design/ Methodology – Observation of this research was done to 200 respondents who live in Pontianak City, Kalimantan Barat Province. The collection of data were obtained from the consumer of import crackers of Malaysia, by using the sampling method like judgement sampling. This research is focusing on famous crackers brands from Malaysia, that is Lexus, Deluxe, Hupseng, Hwa Thai, Shoon Fat, Munchy’s and Pimpong. Data processing was done by using the Structural Equation Modelling based on AMOS Program version 20. Findings – The result of this research has shown that country of origin image has a significant influence to brand association, but country of origin image has not significant influence to perceived quality, brand association has a significant influence to perceived quality, brand association has a significant influence to brand loyalty, but the perceived quality has not significant influence to the brand loyalty. Implication – A positive country of origin image should be built considering its significant contribution to strenghten the brand association and its loyalty towards the brand from this country. Original Value – The finding of this research is important in order to identify the role of country of origin image in every elemen of brand equity ‘s import product in a domestic market. Keywords : ountry of origin image, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty, Kalimantan Barat.
Asset Market Linkages in Crisis Periods

We characterize asset return linkages during periods of stress by an extremal dependence measure. Contrary to correlation analysis, this nonparametric measure is not predisposed toward the normal distribution and can allow for nonlinear relationships. Our estimates for the G-5 countries suggest that simultaneous crashes between stock markets are much more likely than between bond markets. However, for the assessment of financial system stability the widely disregarded cross-asset perspective is particularly important. For example, our data show that stock-bond contagion is approximately as frequent as flight to quality from stocks into bonds. Extreme cross-border linkages are surprisingly similar to national linkages, illustrating a potential downside to international financial integration.
OpenJUMP HoRAE - A free GIS and toolbox for home range analysis

Over the past twenty years a set of methods for home-range estimation and analysis of animal observation data have been developed. Whereas comparisons among the estimation methods and different estimation software are available, only the adahabitat analysis toolbox for R is under a free and open source software license and includes established and new home range estimation approaches, such as Kernel Density Estimation, Brownian Bridges and Local Convex Hulls. However, R and adehabitat are rather catering the needs of the scientific user and not the wildlife manager with respect to its general look & feel, and further, provide only a limited set of functions for the analysis of home ranges with environmental geodata, e.g. land-cover and elevation data. This article presents a free and open-source home range analysis toolbox that (i) focuses on the evaluation of GPS collar data, (ii) aims to be fairly straight forward to use by the wildlife manager, and (iii) integrates with a desktop GIS to allow data analysis beyond the creation of home ranges. Since the developed software is distributed under a free and open source license also research can benefit since implemented algorithms can be directly tested and improved.
EQUATION OF STATE FOR NUCLEONIC AND HYPERONIC NEUTRON STARS WITH MASS AND RADIUS CONSTRAINTS

We obtain a new equation of state for the nucleonic and hyperonic inner core of neutron stars that fulfils the 2 M⊙ observations as well as the recent determinations of stellar radii below 13 km. The nucleonic equation of state is obtained from a new parameterization of the FSU2 relativistic mean-field functional that satisfies these latest astrophysical constraints and, at the same time, reproduces the properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei while fulfilling the restrictions on high-density matter deduced from heavy-ion collisions. On the one hand, the equation of state of neutron star matter is softened around saturation density, which increases the compactness of canonical neutron stars leading to stellar radii below 13 km. On the other hand, the equation of state is stiff enough at higher densities to fulfil the 2 M⊙ limit. By a slight modification of the parameterization, we also find that the constraints of 2 M⊙ neutron stars with radii around 13 km are satisfied when hyperons are considered. The inclusion of the high magnetic fields present in magnetars further stiffens the equation of state. Hyperonic magnetars with magnetic fields in the surface of ∼1015 G and with values of ∼1018 G in the interior can reach maximum masses of 2 M⊙ with radii in the 12–13 km range.
A NEW KINEMATICAL DEFINITION OF ORBITAL ECCENTRICITY

SUMMARY: A new concept of orbital eccentricity is given. The dimensionless quantities proposed in the present paper to serve as orbital eccentricities have a kinematical nature. The purpose is to use them in describing the motion for the case of three-dimensional orbits. A comparison done for nearly planar orbits shows that the values of the eccentricities proposed here do not difier signiflcantly from those corresponding to the eccentricities of geometric nature usually applied.
Difficulties in antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and the continuous search for new formulations: A literature review

Despite advances in the research on new antifungal agents, Amphotericin B (AmB) is still considered as the antifungal of choice for treating most systemic mycoses due to its potency and broad-spectrum action. However, this drug has limited use because of its toxic effects on kidneys, liver and blood. The search for new and safe formulations of AmB is essential because of the emergence of antifungal resistance to other drugs and the increased number of immunosuppressed patients. Nanoparticles are a promising alternative towards achieving lower toxicity and improved pharmacokinetic properties. This study is a literature review of the use of AmB and the toxicity of formulations. Some of the current new formulations show some advantageous characteristics as compared to AmB. However, there is still need for a continued search for an effectively improved formulation.
Developing a method for phytoplasma identification in cactus pear samples from California.

Cactus pear plants showing proliferation and stunting of cladodes in Californian cultivations were tested in order to define a molecular methodology for reliable phytoplasma detection. After several unsuccessful trials a simple extraction method was developed to reduce the mucilage content in nucleic acid preparations that was seriously affecting pathogen detection. Nested PCR on 16S ribosomal gene and RFLP analyses together with sequencing of obtained amplicons allow to verify the presence in symptomatic plants of 16SrV-A and 16SrI-B phytoplasmas respectively related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ and ‘Ca. P. asteris’.
2M1-phlogopite from Black Hills (South Australia): The first case of configurational polytype in micas

Abstract The 2M1-phlogopite from the potassic gabbronorite (Black Hill, Australia) has been studied by electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The crystal-chemical formula was (K0.95Na0.01)(Al0.15Mg1.27Fe2+1.16Fe3+0.04Ti4+0.38)(Si2.85Al1.15)O10.76F0. 11Cl0.03OH1. 10. The structural analysis has shown that the crystal has the cell parameters a = 5.352(1), b = 9.268(1), c = 20.168(1) Å, and β = 95.10(1)° and exhibits symmetry lowering from the ideal space group C2/c to C1. An octahedral cation ordering pattern was revealed from the refined site-scattering powers. Specifically, using the scattering species Mg vs. Fe, it was found that the M1 site at z = 0 was occupied principally by Mg (~77%) and subordinately by Fe (~23%), whereas that at z = 0.5 was completely occupied by Fe; the M2 sites at z = 0 displayed ~88% Mg and ~12% Fe, whereas those at z = 0.5 were occupied by ~86% Fe and ~14% Mg. The analysis of geometrical features shows that the Ti uptake in the structure via the Ti-oxy mechanism induces structural distortions of different extents on the z = 0 and z = 0.5 layers, with stronger effects for the layer at z = 0. Minor chemical and structural differences, instead, affect the T sheets at z = 0 and z = 0.5.
Caring for the “ Next Billion ” Mobile Handsets : Proprietary Closures and the Work of Repair

ICTD is profoundly interested in the “next billion” users and how information infrastructures might provide opportunities for enhancing their life chances. In this article we ask how the concept of care might be generatively extended to the “lives” of the “next billion” mobile handsets. We draw on a growing literature on repair in ICTD and HCI and on theories of care from the social sciences to make two contributions. First, our ethnographic study of mobile phone repair in downtown Kampala, Uganda provides new insights into how technologies are sustained in developing contexts, with a special focus on how independent repair technicians circumvent the proprietary closures that limit their work. Second, we show how attending to care in ICTD contexts can help us locate forms of technical work (here, repair) within wider moral and political orderings. Thinking about repair and care together opens new possibilities for ICTD to engage with the materiality of technologies beyond the points of design, adoption and use the aeld has more typically privileged.
Do I know as much as I think I do? The Dunning-Kruger effect, overclaiming, and the illusion of knowledge

Realistic perception of our own knowledge is important in various areas of everyday life, yet previous studies reveal that our self-perception is full of shortcomings. The present study focused on general overestimation of knowledge and differences between experts and the less-skilled (The Dunning-Kruger effect), self-perceived knowledge of non-existing concepts (overclaiming), and the illusion of knowledge. These phenomena were tested with an instrument which measured the actual knowledge of different domains (grammar, literature, and nanotechnology), as well as self-assessed knowledge. Results showed that, on average, participants overestimated their absolute performance, but not their performance relative to others. Furthermore, the bottom quartile overestimated their absolute and their relative performance most, while the top quartile perceived their absolute performance most accurately and substantially underestimated their relative performance. Results related to overclaiming showed that 56% of respondents claimed knowledge of at least one non-existent book and that the extent of overclaiming was substantially correlated with self-perceived expertise. Lastly, results showed that an increased quantity of information about nanotechnology led to a false certainty in answering questions from this area.
The Welfare Effects of Misperceived Product Costs: Data and Calibrations from the Automobile Market

This analysis exploits new data from the Vehicle Ownership and Alternatives Survey, which elicits beliefs over the financial benefits of owning higher fuel economy vehicles. The data are used to test for underestimation and to document evidence of "MPG Illusion": consumers think as if fuel costs scale linearly in miles per gallon instead of gallons per mile. Counterfactuals suggest that the MPG Illusion reduces welfare by less than $4 per new vehicle. Furthermore, even the most severe plausible underestimation of the financial benefits of fuel economy cannot account for the consumer welfare gains attributed to fuel economy standards.
The normalisation of 'excessive' workforce drug testing?

In 'The normalization of 'sensible' recreational drug use' Parker, Williams and Aldridge (2002) present data on illegal drug use by adolescents and young adults in the UK. They argue that it is both widespread and largely socially benign - ie, normal. We contrast this 'normalisation' thesis with evidence of an increase in the introduction of drug policies - and drug testing - in British organisations. Such policies construct employee drug use as excessive enough to necessitate heightened management vigilance over workers, in order to preserve corporate interests. These contrasting representations of drug use inspire our discussion. We deploy the normal/ excessive couplet to unpick drug taking, to examine organisational drug policies and to comment upon emerging and potential resistance to these policies. Our contribution is to suggest that each of these activities can be understood as simultaneously normal and excessive, in an area where orthodox and critical analyses alike tend to be far more dualistic.
L2 Writing Proficiency and Mastery of Complex Sentence: A Study of Indonesian English Education Major University Students

This study investigated the extent of learners’ mastery of complex sentences in predicting L2 writing proficiency. This study used forty essays of ten students of English Education Department. It found that complex sentences became the most frequently written sentences in the analysed essays. The mean of their level of mastery was 57.58%, suggesting that their mastery in general was quite low. Furthermore, learners’ number of complex sentences did not have any significant relationship with L2 writing proficiency, r (40) = -. 08, p > . 05, but their level of mastery of complex sentences positively correlated with their writing proficiency, r (40) = . 44 , p < . 01 , suggesting that number of complex sentences regardless of grammaticality did not significantly correlate with L2 writing proficiency and only grammatically correct complex sentences, seen through learners’ mastery, had positive correlation with L2 writing proficiency. Furthermore, learners’ mastery of complex sentences could predict 19% of their writing proficiency, R 2 = . 19 . From the results, implications and limitations of the study as well as suggestions on future studies were stated. Keywords: L2 writing proficiency, complex sentences, mastery