Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isn’t there an inductance factor in the plasma membrane of nerves?

It is established knowledge that the action potential event of nerves is formed by the combination of a phasic inward Na+ current and a following outward K+ current which increases gradually. These changes in current are commonly referred to as conductance changes of channels for Na+ and K+ with time. On the other hand, electric requirements for action potential generation in phenomena such as anode break excitation, hyperpolarizing break stimulation and accommodation, strongly suggest an existence of an inductance factor in the plasma membrane of nerves. In this study, the possibility that the Na+ channel could be simulated by a circuit composed serially of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) was examined using a computer simulation. Electric responses of the RLC circuit (R2/4L2 ≥ 1/LC) to step voltages are as followings: (1) A transient potential is produced on the inductor, (2) the circuit current simulates well the Na+ current manner, and (3) time course of the capacitor potential resembles the K+ current change.
American Accounting Association Financial Accounting Standards Committee Response

The Financial Accounting Standards Committee of the American Accounting Association (hereinafter, the Committee) is charged with responding to requests for input from standard setters on issues related to financial reporting. The Committee is pleased to respond to the invitation to comment on the Special Report of the G4+1 (hereinafter, the "Group"), "Reporting Financial Performance: A Proposed Approach" (hereinafter, the "special report"). The comments in this letter are based in part on the Committee's review of academic research. The opinions reflect the views of the individuals on the committee and not those of the American Accounting Association.
Cluster Headache Prevalence. Vågå Study of Headache Epidemiology

In the Vågå study of headache epidemiology, a search was made also for cluster headache. Of the available 18-65-year-old dalesmen, 1838 (88.6%) could be examined personally (O.S.) – 51.3% females and 48.7% males. Based on current International Headache Society criteria, cluster headache seemed to be present in seven dalesmen, one female and six males (corresponding to a total prevalence of 381 per 100 000; 95% confidence interval (CI) 153-783 per 100 000). Except for the female gender, the female case was fairly typical. In one case, there were short-lasting bouts (‘minibouts’). It was felt that this also was a genuine case of cluster headache. If one excluded the latter case, there would be one female and five males [a prevalence of 106 per 100 000 for females, and 558 per 100 000 for males, giving a prevalence in the total population of 326 per 100 000 (95% CI 120-709 per 100 000)]. The confidence interval was considerable. This study therefore does not give a clear indication as to prevalence.
Family firms during economic recession - An investigation of the performance of public Swedish family firms during a macroeconomic downturn

The objective of this thesis is to investigate how public Swedish family firms managed to perform during the most recent recession that started in 2008. Accounting data is combined with information regarding ownership structure to examine family firms’ performance in comparison to non-family firms. Our evidence implies that family firms perform better in terms of operating performance (return on asset) relative to other public firms. Our study also establishes that family firms perform at their best when the company founder is still active within the firm. Further, the thesis also suggests that there is a positive relationship between enhanced control ownership and operative performance, which implies that the family advantage is not completely distinguishable.
The effect of time of day of unscheduled caeserian sections on perinatal and maternal outcomes in Kenyatta national hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Objectives: To compare the 72 hour post delivery maternal and neonatal outcomes among patients undergoing unscheduled Caesarean section during the night and day. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects: Two hundred and forty Post-natal mothers who had undergone unscheduled Caesarean section. Results: Between the months of February 26 th and April 2 nd 2015, a total of two hundred and forty patients undergoing unscheduled Caesarean sections at the KNH were recruited into the study including 120(50%) patients who had an operation performed during the night shift and 120(50%) during the day shift. Data were collected prospectively. There was no significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics of patients according to shifts. Most procedures were conducted under regional anaesthesia with no significant differences between day and night surgeries. The leading indications for unscheduled CS during the day and night were: Non Reassuring Foetal Status (NRFS), obstructed Labour and elective CS converted to emergency CS in that order. Conversion of Elective Caesarean section to Emergency CS was significantly more common during the night compared to during daytime. Poor maternal and neonatal outcomes did not show a significant difference depending on time of surgery. Conclusion: The study showed that there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes between unscheduled Caesarean section done during the day compared to those done during the night.
Dysfunction among Families of Children with Intellectual Disability in India Using Systems Model: Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Impairment

Objectives: Family dysfunction is observed in families with children with intellectual disability (ID). We study the prevalence, pattern of dysfunction, and severity of impairment in these special families using Systems approach. Methods: Sixty-two special families (a child with ID) and 62 typical families (all children with typical development) were included in the present study. The presence of ID was confirmed and quantified with the Binet–Kamat Scale of intelligence or Gesell's Developmental Schedule and Vineland Social Maturity Scales among the special families. In the typical families, brief ID scale was used to rule out ID. Prevalence, pattern, and severity of family dysfunction were assessed using Family Apgar Scale, Chicago Youth Development Study Family Assessment Scale and Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale, respectively. Appropriate bivariate analyses were used. Results: About 53% of special families and 19% of typical families had family dysfunction. About 21% of special families and 71% of typical families had the satisfactory relational unit. Areas of adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, resolve, beliefs about family, beliefs about development, beliefs about purpose, cohesion, deviant beliefs, support, organization, and communication were significantly different between special and typical families. The functional impairment was significantly more in the special families. Conclusion: Family dysfunction is more prevalent among special families in India using systems approach. These families should be screened for dysfunction, and family therapy be prescribed when required.
Psychographics of comparison shoppers

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to identify the psychographics of comparison shoppers. How do comparison shoppers differ from their counterparts? This question has remained unaddressed in extant literature. Design/methodology/approach – Two separate surveys of convenience samples of consumers were used to identify comparison shoppers and non-comparison shoppers and their profiles. Findings – Comparisons shoppers enjoyed shopping more and were on a tight budget. They also saw themselves as smart shoppers compared to their counterparts. However, non-comparison shoppers did not lack in buying gratification, decision confidence or satisfaction with their choices. Both groups were also at par on achievement orientation, optimism, spirited living and happiness. Research limitations/implications – Findings of differences are important: comparison shoppers do not find the shopping task stressful, instead they enjoy shopping more. The findings of no difference are even more important: the act of engaging in .
Evaluation of 316 narrow diameter implants followed for 5-10 years: a clinical and radiographic retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES Narrow diameter implants (NDIs; diameter >3.75 mm) are useful in replacement of missing incisor teeth and when the bucco-lingual width of the edentulous crest is insufficient. The present study evaluated the success and survival rates, peri-implant parameters, mechanical and prosthetic post-loading complications of NDIs followed over a 10-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred and sixteen NDIs were inserted into 139 patients and restored with 120 prostheses. Clinical and radiographic assessment data were collected during recall visits. Implant success (SC), cumulative survival rate (CSR), marginal bone loss (MBL), peri-implant conditions and prosthetic complications were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test and life table analysis were used to evaluate the outcome of NDIs within comparable subgroups. MBL and peri-implant parameters measured annually were further analyzed. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 9.1 years (range: 60-124 months). Twelve implants were lost in the healing phase and two during function. The mean MBL in the maxilla and the mandible was 1.32 +/- 0.13 and 1.28 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively, after 10 years. SC and CSR were 91.4% and 92.3%, respectively, after 124 months. Smoking and posterior localization were associated with an increased risk of failure. Cement loosening (16.8%) was the most common prosthetic complication. No implants were fractured. CONCLUSIONS NDIs can be used with confidence where a regular diameter implant is not suitable. MBL around NDIs occurred predominantly within 2 years of loading and was minimal thereafter. Further studies are required to clarify the possible risks associated with smoking and posterior placement.
Discovery of 11 New T Dwarfs in the Two Micron All Sky Survey, Including a Possible L/T Transition Binary

We present the discovery of 11 new T dwarfs, found during the course of a photometric survey for mid-to-late T dwarfs in the 2MASS Point Source Catalog and from a proper-motion-selected sample of ultracool dwarfs in the 2MASS Working Database. Using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility SpeX spectrograph, we obtained low-resolution (R ∼ 150) spectroscopy, allowing us to derive near-infrared spectral types of T2-T8. We also present improved signal-to-noise ratio SpeX low-resolution spectroscopy of the near-infrared T0 standard SDSS J120747.17+024424.8 and T1 standard SDSSp J083717.22-000018.3. One of these new T dwarfs, 2MASS J13243559+6358284, was also discovered independently by Metchev et al. This object is spectroscopically peculiar and possibly a binary and/or very young (<300 Myr). We specifically attempted to model the spectrum of this source as a composite binary to reproduce its peculiar spectral characteristics. The latest type object in our sample is a T8 dwarf, 2MASS J07290002-3954043, now one of the four latest type T dwarfs known. All 11 T dwarfs are nearby given their spectrophotometric distance estimates, with one T dwarf within 10 pc and eight additional T dwarfs within 25 pc, if single. These new additions increase the 25 pc census of T dwarfs by ∼14%. Their proximity offers an excellent opportunity to probe for companions at separations closer than are possible for more distant T dwarfs.
Advertiser satisfaction with advertising agency creative product

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the satisfaction response in the context of an applied creative, business‐to‐business, professional service – that of advertiser satisfaction with agency creative services.Design/methodology/approach – The study is a based on a longitudinal questionnaire survey of advertising managers.Findings – The paper finds that the disconfirmation of expectations model, previously utilised largely in goods categories and in consumer services, can be successfully applied within advertising creative services.Research limitations/implications – Use of the key respondent method; the ability of managers to comply with the very specific conditions set out for choice of campaign; memory: the assumption that respondents could remember which campaign they had referred to in their initial questionnaire responses when completing the second questionnaire.Practical implications – Advertisers commit very large resources on the basis of their satisfaction with agency generated creati.
Chaenothecopsis quintralis, a new species of calicioid fungus

Chaenothecopsis quintralis from southwestern Argentina is described and illustrated as a new species in the family Mycocaliciaceae. It has been found in three localities in the Andean Patagonian temperate forests, growing strictly on dung of an endemic marsupial Dromiciops gliroides. The new species is distinguished by the hemispherical, black capitulum of ascoma, the presence of asci with croziers, one-celled brown ascospores, and its fimicolous habitat. Analysis of partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (LSU) sequences showed that this taxon is within Mycocaliciales.
From cryptic herbivore to predator: stable isotopes reveal consistent variability in trophic levels in an ant population.

Populations may collectively exhibit a broad diet because individuals have large diet breadths and/or because subpopulations of specialists co-occur. In social insect populations, the diet of the genetic individual, the colony, may similarly arise because workers are diet generalists or castes of specialists. We used elemental and isotopic methods to explore how the invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, achieves its status as a trophic generalist. In one 0.5-ha old field, 31 S. invicta colonies ranged from 1°-consumer to 2°-predator (δ15 N's 0.35-7.38‰), a range comparable to that shown in sampled ant communities. Moreover, a colony's trophic rank was stable despite δ15 N fluctuating 2.98‰ over the year. Colonies that fed at higher trophic levels were not larger, but consumed more C3 -based resources. Individual worker mass, however, did increase with δ15 N (r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001). The ninefold variation in worker mass within a colony generated trophic variance approximately 15% of the population of colonies. Combined, we show how intraspecific trait variation contributes to the trophic breadth of S. invicta, and suggest mechanisms that further explain how their trophic signature varies across space, but remains stable over time.
Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Cooperation between Pik 3 ca and p 53 Mutations in Mouse Mammary Tumor Formation

PIK3CA, which codes for the p110a catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human breast cancer. Here, we describe a mouse model for PIK3CA-induced breast cancer by using the ROSA26 (R26) knock-in system, in which targeted Pik3ca alleles can be activated through transgenic expression of Cre recombinase. We mated Pik3ca and Pik3ca knock-in lines with MMTV-Cre transgenics, which express Cre in mammary epithelium. Starting at approximately 5 months of age, female R26Pik3ca;MMTV-Cre mice, but not control R26-Pik3ca;MMTV-Cre mice, developed mammary tumors, as well as lymphoid and skin malignancies. R26-Pik3ca;MMTV-Cre mammary tumors were typically either adenosquamous carcinoma or adenomyoepithelioma. As p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in breast cancer, we tested for genetic interaction between Pik3ca and p53 loss-of-function mutations in R26-Pik3caH1047R;p53loxP/þ;MMTV-Cre mice. This led to decreased survival of double-mutant animals, which developed lymphoma and mammary tumors with rapid kinetics. Mammary tumors that formed in p53loxP/þ; MMTV-Cre conditional mutants were either poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or spindle cell/EMT, whereas R26-Pik3caH1047R;p53loxP/þ;MMTV-Cre mammary tumors were mostly adenosquamous carcinoma or spindle cell/EMT indicating that double-mutant mice develop a distinct spectrum of mammary tumors. Thus, an oncogenic variant of PIK3CA implicated in multiple human breast cancer subtypes can induce a very diverse spectrum of mammary tumors in mice. Furthermore, Pik3ca shows cooperation with p53, which altered the specific tumors that formed. Thus, the two most frequently mutated genes in human breast cancer show cooperation in mammary tumor formation. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2706–17. 2011 AACR.
Aortic Arch Reconstruction in Neonates with Biventricular Morphology: Increased Risk for Development of Recoarctation by Use of Autologous Pericardium

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors promoting development of recoarctation (Re-CoA) in neonates who survived aortic arch repair from an anterior approach. Methods Fifty consecutive neonates with biventricular morphology and ductal-dependent lower body perfusion who were discharged home following aortic arch repair with cardiopulmonary bypass between 2000 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Arch anatomy was either interruption (n = 10) or hypoplasia with coarctation (n = 40). Aortic arch reconstruction was performed by using patch material (bovine pericardium, n = 30, homograft, n = 10, or glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium, n = 7), and three patients underwent direct end-to-side anastomosis. Antegrade cerebral and continuous myocardial perfusion was performed in 39 and 21 patients, respectively. Kaplan–Meier freedom from Re-CoA was calculated. Morphologic and perioperative data indicating increased risk of Re-CoA by univariate analysis were included in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Mean follow-up was 5.3 ± 4.1 years. Re-CoA occurred in 13 patients and was treated successfully by balloon dilatation (n = 6) or surgery (n = 7). Freedom from Re-CoA after 1 and 5 years was 83 ± 5 and 79 ± 6%, respectively. Two patients died early after surgical repair of Re-CoA. The use of autologous pericardium for aortic arch augmentation was the only independent risk factor for development of Re-CoA (hazard ratio: 4.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.2–16.1]; p = 0.028). Conclusion Re-CoA following neonatal aortic arch surgery can be treated by balloon dilatation or surgery, if adequate. In this study, the risk for development of Re-CoA was independently increased by the use of autologous pericardium during initial arch repair.
THE EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL LOAD CONFIGURATION ON INTERFACE MICROMOTION IN CEMENTLESS FEMORAL STEMS

The most commonly reported failure modes of cementless hip stems are loosening and thigh pain; both are attributed to the relative motion at the bone-implant interface due to failure to achieve sufficient primary fixation. Accurate predictions of hip stems’ stability are therefore crucial to the pre-clinical analyses of hip arthroplasty. This study uses finite element technique to analyse the effect of muscle forces on the predicted micromotion and therefore stability of cementless femoral components. An in-house experimentally validated micromotion algorithm was used in analyses simulating two of the most common physiological activities– walking and stair-climbing. The results showed that models where muscle loads were included had ten times larger micromotion than those modelled without muscle loads. Ignoring muscle forces in any pre-clinical evaluation of femoral stems are therefore not advisable as it will overestimate the stability of the stem.
Characterizing first and third person viewpoints and their alternation for embodied interaction in virtual reality

Empirical research on the bodily self has shown that the body representation is malleable, and prone to manipulation when conflicting sensory stimuli are presented. Using Virtual Reality (VR) we assessed the effects of manipulating multisensory feedback (full body control and visuo-tactile congruence) and visual perspective (first and third person perspective) on the sense of embodying a virtual body that was exposed to a virtual threat. We also investigated how subjects behave when the possibility of alternating between first and third person perspective at will was presented. Our results support that illusory ownership of a virtual body can be achieved in both first and third person perspectives under congruent visuo-motor-tactile condition. However, subjective body ownership and reaction to threat were generally stronger for first person perspective and alternating condition than for third person perspective. This suggests that the possibility of alternating perspective is compatible with a strong sense of embodiment, which is meaningful for the design of new embodied VR experiences.
Coherent MIMO radar: The phased array and orthogonal waveforms

Coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a natural extension of the phased array antenna that has been used by radar systems for decades. This tutorial unifies concepts from the literature and provides a framework for the analysis of an arbitrary suite of MIMO radar waveforms. A number of gain patterns are introduced, which quantify the antenna performance of a MIMO radar, and the impact of the waveform characteristics (e.g., range sidelobes) is discussed.
The role of community housing organisations in meeting the housing and support needs of people who are homeless

Current policies for increasing the supply of affordable housing in Australia envisage a greatly increased role for community housing organisations (CHOs), including as a provider of housing for homeless people. Data from the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare indicate that in the year to June 2008 around 36 per cent of new CHO allocations were to homeless people (AIHW 2009). This study examines the role of CHOs in addressing homelessness and whether the sector will have the capacity to provide sustainable housing and support to this group in the context of expansion of the sector. It will undertake a review of literature, consultations with peak bodies and homelessness organisations, a national survey of CHOs, interviews with CEOs and managers and a workshop with the CH sector, policy makers and researchers.
Acute Psychogeriatric Inpatient Treatment Improves Neuropsychiatric Symptoms but Impairs the Level of Functioning in Patients with Dementia

Aims: To explore the impact of hospitalization on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the level of functioning in patients with dementia. Our aim was also to study the influence of psychotropic medications. Methods: Behavioral disturbances, cognition and functional status of 89 patients were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCSADL). Results: The total NPI score decreased from 34.6 to 19.5 (p < 0.001), and ADL decreased from 32.2 to 21.7 (p < 0.001) during the hospital stay (mean of 44 days). For a change in ADL, only the effect of anxiolytics was significant (p = 0.045). For a change in NPI with antipsychotic and anxiolytic doses and Mini-Mental State Examination as covariates, no significant relationship was found. Conclusion: NPS improved significantly during hospitalization, but neither antipsychotic nor anxiolytic medication use explained this improvement. In patients using anxiolytics, the functional decline was substantial. These results do not support anxiolytic use in demented patients with NPS.