Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Grassbed Treatments as Habitat for Juvenile Black Bass in a Drawdown Reservoir

Abstract Many reservoirs in arid regions experience highly variable water levels caused by seasonal inflow fluctuations and designated outflow requirements. At Shasta Lake, California, managers plant cereal-grain grassbeds on exposed drawdown shorelines to increase juvenile fish habitat, localize productivity, and increase invertebrate fish prey. To determine the efficacy of these plantings, the abundance of juvenile black basses Micropterus spp. (20–55 mm standard length) and the amount of periphyton and macroinvertebrate prey were compared among three treatment types: (1) planted grassbeds of cereal barley Hordeum vulgare; (2) artificial rope grassbeds, which eliminated physical deterioration and nutrient release; and (3) nonplanted control sites with predominately sand and gravel substrates. In comparison with control areas, juvenile black bass abundance averaged 54 times higher in planted grassbeds and 230 times higher in artificial grassbeds. Periphyton (chlorophyll a) and benthic invertebrate biomas.
Range‐edge genetic diversity: locally poor extant southern patches maintain a regionally diverse hotspot in the seagrass Zostera marina

Refugial populations at the rear edge are predicted to contain higher genetic diversity than those resulting from expansion, such as in post‐glacial recolonizations. However, peripheral populations are also predicted to have decreased diversity compared to the centre of a species’ distribution. We aim to test these predictions by comparing genetic diversity in populations at the limits of distribution of the seagrass Zostera marina, with populations in the species’ previously described central diversity ‘hotspot’. Zostera marina populations show decreased allelic richness, heterozygosity and genotypic richness in both the ‘rear’ edge and the ‘leading’ edge compared to the diversity ‘hotspot’ in the North Sea/Baltic region. However, when populations are pooled, genetic diversity at the southern range is as high as in the North Sea/Baltic region while the ‘leading edge’ remains low in genetic diversity. The decreased genetic diversity in these southern Iberian populations compared to more central populations is possibly the effect of drift because of small effective population size, as a result of reduced habitat, low sexual reproduction and low gene flow. However, when considering the whole southern edge of distribution rather than per population, diversity is as high as in the central ‘hotspot’ in the North Sea/Baltic region. We conclude that diversity patterns assessed per population can mask the real regional richness that is typical of rear edge populations, which have played a key role in the species biogeographical history and as marginal diversity hotspots have very high conservation value.
pah1: a homeobox gene involved in hyphal morphology and microconidiogenesis in the filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina

Homeobox‐containing genes are widely described among eukaryotic species other than filamentous ascomycetes. We describe here the isolation and characterization of the first homeobox gene (pah1) identified in a filamentous ascomycete. It encodes a putative protein of 610 amino acids containing a typical homeodomain with 60 amino acids. Deletion of the pah1 gene enhances the number of male gametes (microconidia), whereas overexpression of pah1 results in a decrease in microconidia. These results led us to suppose that pah1 may be a repressor of genes involved in the microconidiation process. Moreover, pah1 is involved in hyphal branching and possibly in the development of female organs.
Disk galaxy scaling relations at intermediate redshifts - I. The Tully-Fisher and velocity-size relations

Aims. Galaxy scaling relations such as the Tully-Fisher relation (between the maximum rotation velocity V max and luminosity) and the velocity-size relation (between V max and the disk scale length) are powerful tools to quantify the evolution of disk galaxies with cosmic time. Methods. We took spatially resolved slit spectra of 261 field disk galaxies at redshifts up to z ≈ 1 using the FORS instruments of the ESO Very Large Telescope. The targets were selected from the FORS Deep Field and William Herschel Deep Field. Our spectroscopy was complemented with HST/ACS imaging in the F814W filter. We analyzed the ionized gas kinematics by extracting rotation curves from the two-dimensional spectra. Taking into account all geometrical, observational, and instrumental effects, these rotation curves were used to derive the intrinsic V max . Results. Neglecting galaxies with disturbed kinematics or insufficient spatial rotation curve extent, V max was reliably determined for 124 galaxies covering redshifts 0.05 z B -band Tully-Fisher relation and the local velocity-size relation. The scatter in both scaling relations is a factor of ~2 larger at z ≈ 0.5 than at z ≈ 0. The deviations of individual distant galaxies from the local Tully-Fisher relation are systematic in the sense that the galaxies are increasingly overluminous toward higher redshifts, corresponding to an overluminosity Δ M B = −(1.2 ± 0.5) mag at z = 1. This luminosity evolution at given V max is probably driven by younger stellar populations of distant galaxies with respect to their local counterparts, potentially combined with modest changes in dark matter mass fractions. The analysis of the velocity-size relation reveals that disk galaxies of a given V max have grown in size by a factor of ~1.5 over the past ~8 Gyr, most likely through accretion of cold gas and/or small satellites. From scrutinizing the combined evolution in luminosity and size, we find that the galaxies that show the strongest evolution toward smaller sizes at z ≈ 1 are not those that feature the strongest evolution in luminosity, and vice versa.
Is the 31 CAG repeat allele of the spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) gene locus non-specifically associated with trinucleotide expansion diseases?

A number of human hereditary neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders are caused by the expansion of trinucleotide repeats within certain genes. The molecular mechanisms that underlie these expansions are not yet known. We have analyzed six trinucleotide repeat-containing loci [spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA1, SCA3, SCA8), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), Huntington chorea (HD) and fragile X syndrome (FRAXA)] in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients (n = 52). As controls, we analyzed two groups of subjects: healthy control subjects (n =133), and a group of patients with non-triplet neuromuscular diseases (n = 68) caused by point mutations, deletions or duplications (spinal muscular atrophy, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, type 1A, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, and Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy). Allele frequency distributions for all tested loci were similar in these three groups with the exception of the SCA1 locus. In DM1 patients, the SCA1 allele with 31 CAG repeats account for 40.4% of all chromosomes tested, which is significantly higher than in two other groups (11.3% in healthy controls and 6.6% in the group of non-triplet diseased patients;P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). This is consistent with our previous findings in HD patients. The absence of this association in non-triplet diseases as well as in healthy controls could indicate a possible role of this SCA1 allele with 31 repeats in triplet diseases. Here we discuss a possible role of the SCA1 region in pathological trinucleotide repeat expansions.
Life expectancy in Danish women and men related to smoking habits: smoking may affect women more.

Studies reporting increased mortality in smokers are abundant but only a few have directly estimated survival prospects of smokers in terms of lost years of life or probability of living until retirement. None of these have included large numbers of heavily smoking women. A study of mortality in Danish women is particularly informative because the female smoking epidemic started early in Denmark and both prevalence of smoking and mortality from smoking related diseases remain among the highest in Western Europe. We report survival prospects of women and men randomly sampled from the general population followed up for up to 30 years.
Microsatellite Analysis of Synchronous and Metachronous Tumors: A Tool For Double Primary Tumor And Metastasis Assessment

Despite well-established histopathological features and the development of immunostaining of human neoplasms, there are a number of cases in which surgical pathologists cannot assure the origin of synchronous and metachronous tumors. In many cases, the classification of these lesions as either two separate primary tumors or as a single primary tumor with a metastasis has significant implications with respect to patient prognosis and recommendations for therapy. To establish the origin of tumors, we assessed tumor cell clonality using PCR-based microsatellite analysis on microdissected archival tissues for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in a series of 19 paired synchronous and metachronous tumors from several organs. As a control group, 15 autopsy cases with an unequivocally recognizable primary tumor and associated metastases were also examined. Based on LOH and MSI findings, and using a panel of 4 to 12 (median 7) microsatellite markers, we were able to establish the clonal pattern of microsatellite changes in 17 out of 19 (89%) biopsy cases and thus determine if they were either double primary tumors (41%) or metastases (59%). Of interest, identical or similar pattern of microsatellite abnormalities were detected in 15 primary tumors and corresponding metastasis from autopsies. Our results indicate that microsatellite analysis for LOH and MSI, as an expression of clonality, provides a useful tool to distinguish double primary neoplasms and metastases in synchronous and metachronous tumors.
Relationships between plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in the rat after dietary electrolyte changes.

The relationships between plasma rennin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone were evaluated in rats maintained on altered dietary sodium or potassium intake for 6 weeks. A bivariate method of analysis was utilized to determine the correlations between these two dependent variables in the presence and absence of anesthesia for blood collection. Sodium restriction had a direct stimulatory effect on both renin and aldosterone, and a high sodium diet had the opposite effect. A significant positive correlation was observed between PRA and plasma aldosterone with variations in dietary sodium intake either in the presence (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) or absence (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) of anesthesia for blood collection. With variations in dietary sodium intake, linear changes in PRA were accompanied by logarithmic changes in plasma aldosterone. Varying potassium intake caused a negative correlation between PRA and aldosterone. High potassium intake was accompanied by significant suppression of PRA and marked stimulation.
Inhomogeneous plane-wave scattering and mode stimulation on periodic rough surfaces

Medium vibration properties to characterize interface layers and quality of bonding can be examined by an ordinary approach using homogeneous waves or by a more general inhomogeneous (or complex harmonic) wave scattering technique. It is known that only particular inhomogeneous plane waves can stimulate eigenvibrations of a given structure, and not the homogeneous wave. The reflection and transmission of such inhomogeneous waves is investigated for plane parallel interfaces as well as their scattering at periodically corrugated boundaries between liquid and solids. The influence of plate thickness, corrugation periodicity, and height on the occurrence of specific plate modes is examined. Using an alternative description of a bounded ultrasonic beam as a finite superposition of inhomogeneous waves, this theory can be applied to examine the deformation of Gaussian profiles and to explicitly relate this deformation to the stimulation of mode vibrations. The generation of a plate—or interface—mode by an obliq.
An Empirical Study of Recommendations in OLAP Reporting Tool

This paper presents the results of the experimental study that was performed in laboratory settings in the context of the OLAP reporting tool developed and put to operation at the University. The study was targeted to explore which of the modes for generating recommendations in the OLAP reporting tool has a deeper impact on users (i.e. produces more accurate recommendations). Each of the modes of the recommendation component â report structure, user activity, and semantic â employs a separate content-based method that takes advantage of OLAP schema metadata and aggregate functions. Gained data are assessed (i) quantitatively by means of the precision/recall and other metrics from the log-table analysis and certain statistical tools, and (ii) qualitatively by means of the user survey and feedback given in a free form.
Spectral and kinetic studies on the formation of myeloperoxidase compounds I and II: roles of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide.

The conversion of myeloperoxidase to compounds I and II in the presence of H2O2 has been reinvestigated in order to explain the abnormal stoichiometry of compound I formation and the fast spontaneous decay of compound I to compound II. Rapid-scan studies show that at least a 20-fold excess of H2O2 is required to obtain a good spectrum of relatively pure compound I; a further increase in H2O2 concentration causes compound I to be reduced to compound II, which is a very stable intermediate. Compound I formation is reversible, with an apparent second-order forward rate constant of (1.8 +/- 0.1) x 10(7) M-1 s-1 and a reverse rate constant of 58 +/- 4 s-1, giving a constant of 3.2 microM for the dissociation of compound I to native enzyme and H2O. This reversibility is one factor that can explain the large excess of H2O2 required to form compound I. The apparent second-order rate constant for compound II formation from compound I and H2O2 is (8.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) M-1 s-1. We confirm pH dependence studies, which suggest that the formation of compounds I and II is controlled by a residue in the enzyme with a pKa of about 4.0. Excess H2O2 is also converted to O2 via catalase activity of the enzyme. However, we do not consider this a dominant pathway because it fails to account for the fast spontaneous reduction of compound I to compound II. The time courses for both the decay of compound I and the formation of compound II are biphasic. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection of CD8 T‐cell expansions with restricted T‐cell receptor V gene usage in infants vertically infected by HIV‐1

Objective: To investigate the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire usage in infants born to mothers infected with HIV‐1 in order to discern possible perturbations in TCR usage as a consequence of HIV‐1 infection. Design: Blood samples from five HIV‐1 ‐infected and six non‐infected children born to HIV‐1‐seropositive mothers were collected at two to three timepoints during the first and second year of life and the TCR variable gene usage was determined. Methods: Triple staining flow cytometry analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to TCR V&agr; and V&bgr; gene products and antibodies to CD4 and CD8 was performed. Results: Frequent large expansions of CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations bearing distinct V&agr; and V&bgr; gene products was seen in HIV‐1‐infected children (four out of five) but was rarely detected in uninfected children. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the frequent occurrence of persistent and clonal expansions of CD8+ T cells bearing distinct V&agr;/V&bgr; gene products in some HIV‐1 vertically infected infants similar to those observed during primary infection in adults.
Online Post LPN to BN Students' Views of Transitioning to a New Nursing Role

Vocationally prepared nurses, most of whom are women, experience unique challenges when they enter an online university. And yet, educational research examining their perceptions about transitioning into a new professional role is limited. This qualitative descriptive study investigated beginning Post LPN to BN students' views of role differences among nurses and the process of transitioning between those roles. The project was framed from a constructivist theoretical perspective and applied repertory grid methodology from the field of personal construct psychology. Ten students from a Canadian online university were interviewed. Interview transcripts were analyzed for themes. Findings revealed that students appreciated recognition for their previous accomplishments. They valued affirmation of the unique challenges they faced. And, they associated gains from their new university education with some loss of their hands on bedside nursing role.
Everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable in advanced neuroendocrine tumors in the routine tertiary cancer care setting: An Indian experience.

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, heterogeneous, indolent tumors that are relatively insensitive to systemic chemotherapy. Therapeutic strategies for NETs broadly include somatostatin analogs, antiangiogenic therapy, and most recently, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. Combination therapy has shown promising antitumor activity and good tolerability in the randomized phase III trials. AIM The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Everolimus plus Octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) in patients with advanced NETs in the routine tertiary cancer care setting in India in this postapproval, noninterventional trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients presenting to selected centers between 2011 and 2013 with histologically confirmed low-, intermediate- or high-grade advanced NETs who may have had prior exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy (≤2 lines) were treated with oral Everolimus (10 mg/day) plus intramuscular Octreotide LAR (30 mg once every 28 days) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity was seen. Patients were evaluated every 3 months for a response to therapy as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS Everolimus plus Octreotide LAR was associated with a clinical benefit rate of 69% (best evaluable responses: Stable disease [SD] in 10 patients [63%], partial response in 1 patient [6%]). The average duration of therapy was 4.8 cycles, and 3 (17%) patients continued therapy for ≥12 cycles (all achieved SD). The therapy was found to be well-tolerated in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Everolimus plus Octreotide LAR appears to be safe and efficacious in patients with advanced NETs who may have had prior exposure to chemotherapy - a finding consistent with recently conducted major trials.
Strength-Strength and Strength-Degree Correlation Measures for Directed Weighted Complex Network Analysis

SUMMARY This Letter deﬁnes thirteen useful correlation measures for directed weighted complex network analysis. First, in-strength and out-strength are deﬁned for each node in the directed weighted network. Then, one node-based strength-strength correlation measure and four arc-based strength-strength correlation measures are deﬁned. In addition, considering that each node is associated with in-degree, out-degree, in-strength and out-strength, four node-based strength-degree correlation measures and four arc-based strength-degree correlation measures are deﬁned. Finally, we use these measures to analyze the world trade network and the food web. The results demonstrate the e ﬀ ectiveness of the proposed measures for directed weighted networks. key words: complex network, directed network, weighted network, directed weighted
Immunofluorescent localization of structural collagen types in endochondral fracture repair

A nonimmobilized rat tibial fracture model of endochondral osseous repair was examined for the unique localizations of specific collagen genetic types. At various stages of the healing process, the demineralized callus was reacted with immunofluorescent antibodies directed against the type specific forms of matrix collagen. Type III collagen rapidly appeared (day 8–10) and remained in the primitive mesenchymal callus until remodeled. It was particularly prominent in the highly vasoformative regions and the pericallus encapsulation but not present in preexisting cortical and neoformed lamellar bone. The type II collagen, a marker of cartilage, was uniquely located only in areas of chondroid differentiation and calcification. Type II collagen was absnet from all bone and was not identified beneath the repairing intact periosteum. The differentiating chondrocytes synthesized type II collagen on an underlayer of type III collagen already within the mesenchymal matrix. From these studies of genetically unique collagen markers, it appears that only in areas of motion or anoxia does an intermediate of chondroid tissue appear. The utilization of specific type II and type III collagen immunofluorescent antibodies has facilitated the understanding of the fracture repair process and has acted as an indicator for unique matrix components.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

The authors report 4 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in association with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. All patients were treated with hemodialysis with or without plasma exchange. All made a good recovery. In one patient the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma was first made after presentation with HUS. The authors suggest that this condition may be more common than previously thought and, that in view of its good prognosis, may be a separate entity to chemotherapy-associated HUS in patients with cancer. It also is recommended that adult male patients presenting with unexplained HUS should have clinical assessment of their prostate and measurement of prostate specific antigen.
RB1 protein in normal and malignant human colorectal tissue and colon cancer cell lines 1

The pattern of human retinoblastoma (RB1) gene protein expression was directly examined in normal and malignant human colorectal tissues and in seven colorectal carcinoma cell lines by immunohistochemistry using the mouse monoclonal antibody (RB‐MAb‐1) directed against the retinoblastoma protein (RB). This is the first demonstration of RB immunostaining in adult human colonic epithelium and colorectal carcinomas. Specificity using RB‐MAb‐1 was confirmed by western blot analysis, which showed bands of 110‐116 kDa corresponding to the sizes of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated RB. RB staining of normal adult colonic epithelium was confined to the nucleus and was most intense in the transitional zone of the crypt, whereas lumenal cells (fully differentiated) were RB negative. Primary colorectal carcinomas and all the colon cancer cell lines stained positively for nuclear RB, but the expression was heterogeneous with varying fractions of RB negative cells present. Because we and others have previously shown that loss or inactivation of the RB1 gene is infrequent in colorectal carcinomas, reduced RB expression in such cells is probably due to a cellular regulatory mechanism. For example, RB negative cells may be those in early‐G1 phase (known to have reduced RB levels) or growth‐arrested cells that have differentiated. The ability to directly detect RB in primary colorectal carcinomas will permit assessment of whether heterogeneous expression of the RB1 gene product has prognostic significance for survival of patients with this cancer. —Ali, A. A. , Marcus, J. N. , Harvey, J. P., Roll, R. , Hodgson, C. P., Wildrick, D. M. , Chakraborty, A. , Boman, B. M. RB1 protein in normal and malignant human colorectal tissue and colon cancer cell lines. FASEB J. 7: 931‐937; 1993.