Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keratin 23 (K23), a novel acidic keratin, is highly induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors during differentiation of pancreatic cancer cells

Sodium butyrate (NaBu) was shown to induce differentiation and apoptosis in the human pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC‐1. A suppression subtractive hybridization‐based technique was used to identify genes induced by NaBu. A novel cDNA was found to be highly up‐regulated in AsPC‐1 cells in response to NaBu. The gene expresses a 1.65‐kb mRNA encoding a protein with an open reading frame of 422 amino acids. It has an intermediate filament signature sequence and extensive homology to type I keratins. Sequence comparison with known keratins indicated that the gene shares 42–46% amino acid identity and 60–65% similarity within the α‐helical rod domain. The gene is named K23 (for human type I Keratin 23, KRT23). K23 mRNA was highly induced by NaBu in different pancreatic cancer cells. Trichostatin A (TSA), a potent and specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, similarly induced K23 mRNA expression. Treatment with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide efficiently blocked the induction of K23 mRNA by NaBu/TSA. These results indicate that K23 mRNA induction by NaBu or TSA is a downstream event of histone hyperacetylation. We also demonstrated that expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 antisense RNA efficiently blocked the induction of K23 mRNA induced by NaBu. Our results suggest that K23 is a novel member of the acidic keratin family that is induced in pancreatic cancer cells undergoing differentiation by a mechanism involving histone hyperacetylation. p21WAF1/CIP1 serves as an important mediator during the induction process of K23 by NaBu. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skin color, melanin, and erythema.

Erythema responses in Caucasians and light-, medium-, and dark-complexioned American Negroes were compared. Minimal erythema dose (MED) in various skin shades was correlated with melanosome size, quantity, density, and distribution. No minimal erythema response was found to be typical of Negro skin, but a spectrum of responses was found, depending upon the degree of pigmentation. Dark Negro skin had an MED 33 times that of the Caucasian, contained the greatest density of pigment, and had the largest melanosomes, all singly dispersed. Caucasian skin contained the smallest quantity of pigment and the smallest melanosomes, most of which were contained within melanosome complexes. Measurements for the lightand medium-complexioned Negroes were intermediate. The determining factor as to whether melanosomes are individually dispersed or are taken into complexes is size-dependent. The upper size limit for melanosomes found within complexes in this study was about 0. 35μ.
PRECISION OF SIMPLIFIED MILK RECORDING FOR ZARAIBI GOATS

A total of 6604 test-day records belonging to 1651 lactations of 784 Egyptian Zaraibi goats were used to generate and evaluate several simplified milk yield recording plans based on the yield of a single monthly milking, adjusted or unadjusted for interval between milkings and for production level. Loss of precision associated with simplified designs was evaluated by comparing estimated lactation yields with actual milk yield, where the two daily milkings were recorded at daily intervals, and with the official A4 milk recording (monthly records of the two daily milkings) as reference methods. Actual milk yield included two traits: total suckled and milked milk (TSMM), i.e., milk yield from kidding to the end of lactation (210 d milk yield) and total milked milk (TMM), i.e., post weaning milk yield for 120 d. Breeding values from reference and simplified methods were predicted and compared. Simplified monthly plans were used to estimate both TSMM and TMM. The loss of precision in estimating TSMM was much lower (3.3-6.0%) than that for TMM (12.3-18.3%). Due to the essentially long suckling period during which peak lactation occurred for Zaraibi goats (almost 43% of the lactation period and 60% of milk yield), TSMM is better than TMM as a basis to evaluate simplified designs of milk yield recording. Therefore, TSMM is recommended to be used in genetic evaluation and managerial decisions. Most options with one daily milking every month were more accurate when the corresponding plan was based on, or started with, the a.m. milking. In most cases accuracy of estimation got worse by adjusting for interval between milkings or for production level. The design alternating a.m. and p.m. milkings, started with the a.m. milking and adjusted to the preceding interval between milkings gave the most satisfactory results with a slight advantage in precession (≤ 2.6%) over other simplified methods. Product moment and rank correlations between breeding values predicted from actual and simplified designs were very high (0.972-0.997) indicating that any of the simplified methods can be used as a precise alternative to actual milk production for breeding decisions. For practical and economic reasons, the unadjusted alternating a.m. and p.m. milk recording, started with the a.m. milking is suggested for milk recording of Zaraibi goats.
PuriWcation of green Xuorescent protein overexpressed by a mutant recombinant Escherichia coli

Green Xuorescent protein was puriWed from sonicated recombinant Escherichia coli and its mutant obtained after exposure to UV light. The latter overexpresses green Xuorescent protein. The two-step procedure consisted of a two-phase aqueous extraction with PEG/salt and precipitation of the proteins from PEG phase by free Zn. The recoveries of green Xuorescent protein were 73 and 83% in the cases of recombinant E. coli and its mutant, respectively. The corresponding fold puriWcations were 24 and 9, respectively. In both cases, the puriWed protein showed a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to 28 kDa.
Aetiology and clinical features of dysentery in children aged <5 years in rural Bangladesh

SUMMARY The study identified the common aetiological agents and prominent clinical features of dysentery cases in children aged <5 years and compared this to non-dysentery diarrhoeal cases from the same population. From January 2010 to December 2011, 2324 children aged <5 years received treatment at Kumudini Hospital, of which 682 (29%) presented with dysentery. Of the dysenteric children, aetiology could not be determined for over half (61%). Shigella spp. accounted for 32% of dysentery cases. Significant associations were found between presence of blood in stool and: child age (24–59 months) [odds ratio (OR) 2·21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·49–3·27], no treatment of drinking water at home (OR 2·00, 95% CI 1·09–3·67), vomiting (OR 0·19, 95% CI 0·14–0·25), abdominal pain (OR 4·68, 95% CI 3·24–6·77), straining (OR 16·45, 95% CI 11·92–22·69), wasting (OR 1·66, 95% CI 1·15–2·41), and presence of Shigella in stool (OR 6·25, 95% CI 4·20–9·29) after controlling for confounders. This study makes it clear that appropriate public health strategies are needed to reduce the burden of dysentery in Bangladesh.
A Multi-Agent System Based Approach to Fight Financial Fraud: An Application to Money Laundering

A Multi-Agent System Based Approach to Fight Financial Fraud: An Application to Money Laundering Claudio Alexandre 1,∗ ID and João Balsa 1 1 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (BioISI-MAS), Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Academic Editor: name Version December 19, 2017 submitted to Appl. Sci. Abstract: The anti-money laundering (AML) process has failed both in identifying suspicious cases in 1 due time as in assisting the AML analysts in decision making. Starting from a new generic anti-fraud 2 approach, this article presents the main aspects related to the development of a multi-agent system 3 that goes beyond the capture of suspicious transactions, seeking to assist the human expert in the 4 analysis of suspicious behaviour. First, a transactional behavioural profile of clients is obtained 5 in a data mining process. A set of rules, obtained through data mining over a real database, in 6 conjunction with specific rules based on legal aspects and in the expertise of the AML analysts make 7 up the agents’ knowledge base. The cases for which the system was unable to suggest a decision are 8 flagged as requiring more detailed analysis. The system analysed 6 months of real transactions and 9 indicated several suspicious profiles, a set of these suspects was investigated by the AML analysts 10 who proved the suspicion of several cases, including some that had not been identified by the systems 11 in execution. 12
Search for a meteoritic component in drill cores from the Bosumtwi impact structure, Ghana: Platinum group element contents and osmium isotopic characteristics

Abstract— An attempt was made to detect a meteoritic component in both crater‐fill (fallback) impact breccias and fallout suevites (outside the crater rim) at the Bosumtwi impact structure in Ghana. Thus far, the only clear indication for an extraterrestrial component related to this structure has been the discovery of a meteoritic signature in Ivory Coast tektites, which formed during the Bosumtwi impact event. Earlier work at Bosumtwi indicated unusually high levels of elements that are commonly used for the identification of meteoritic contamination (i.e., siderophile elements, including the platinum group elements [PGE]) in both target rocks and impact breccias from surface exposures around the crater structure, which does not allow unambiguous verification of an extraterrestrial signature. The present work, involving PGE abundance determinations and Os isotope measurements on drill core samples from inside and outside the crater rim, arrives at the same conclusion. Despite the potential of the Os isotope system to detect even small amounts of extraterrestrial contribution, the wide range in PGE concentrations and Os isotope composition observed in the target rocks makes the interpretation of unradiogenic, high‐concentration samples as an impact signature ambiguous.
Cochlear Implant Failure and Revision Surgery in Pediatric Population

Objective: This study aimed to report pediatric cochlear reimplantation data focusing on failure of the device and to assess surgical challenges and functional outcomes. Methods: Retrospective case review from 1990 to 2012. Tertiary referral academic center. A retrospective review of medical and surgical records, audiologic results, and report of the manufacturer’s analysis was performed. The causes of revision cochlear implantation were divided into hard failure and soft failure. Results compared speech perception in open set or closed set words before and after revision surgery with cochlear implant only. Results: During the study period, 877 cochlear implantations were performed. Our reimplantation rate for failure of the device is 5.7% (50 of 877). The main reasons for hard failure were loss of hermeticity and cracked casing following head trauma. Surgical difficulties might be due to neo-osteogenesis related to the use of bone dust. Initial atraumatic insertion is important to ensure that revision surgeries are less problematic. In postmeningitis deafness, initial choice of electrode array is of utmost importance. We would suggest a plain shape and a larger diameter array, to ensure sufficient subsequent insertion. Post-reimplantation audiologic results were the same or better than preoperative levels in 86% of cases. Conclusion: Failure might be difficult to diagnose in children with limited language skills. The surgical team and patients should be aware of the surgical difficulties that can be encountered, especially in cases of meningitis or initial traumatic insertion. Auditory performances after reimplantation are the same or better in most cases.
Extension of Hoffman's Error Bound to Polynomial Systems

Given any linear system (defined by linear inequalities/equalities) in $\Re^n $, Hoffman’s error bound says that the distance from any point $x \in \Re^n $ to the solution set of the linear system is bounded by a constant (independent of x) times a certain residual function evaluated at x. This paper considers arbitrary (possibly nonconvex) polynomial systems (defined by polynomial inequalities/equalities). It is shown that the solution sets of such systems are, in general, Holder continuous as the right-hand side changes, in contrast to the Lipschitzian continuity for the linear case. Also, for any convex quadratic inequality system possessing an interior solution, the authors show that its solution set behaves in a Lipschitzian manner as the right-hand side varies. This result sharpens the earlier error bound results by Mangasarian and Robinson for general convex differentiable inequality systems, which, in addition to the interiority assumption, require either an asymptotic constraint qualification con.
The daily work of Lean leaders – lessons from manufacturing and healthcare

The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of managerial practices and leadership in Lean organisations. The results presented here are based on five case studies. The manager's role changed radically with the implementation of Lean production. The focus in managerial tasks changed from managing processes to developing and coaching people. Supporting structures were developed to empower employees and give them more responsibility for daily management activities. These supporting structures included visual control, goal deployment, short daily meetings, two-way communication flow, and a system of continuous improvement. Many leadership behaviours exhibited by Lean managers can be classified as transformational leadership behaviours. However, the need for transformational leadership behaviours was smaller, if the supporting management structure was strong.
CSF norepinephrine concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE Despite evidence of hyperresponsive peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) noradrenergic activity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), direct measures of CNS norepinephrine in PTSD have been lacking. The goal of this study was to determine serial CSF norepinephrine levels in patients with PTSD. METHOD CSF samples were obtained serially over a 6-hour period in 11 male combat veterans with chronic PTSD and eight healthy men through an indwelling subarachnoid catheter. Thus the authors were able to determine hourly CSF norepinephrine concentrations under baseline (unstressed) conditions. Severity of the patients' PTSD symptoms was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. RESULTS CSF norepinephrine concentrations were significantly higher in the men with PTSD than in the healthy men. Moreover, CSF norepinephrine levels strongly and positively correlated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations showed no significant relationship with the severity of PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the presence of greater CNS noradrenergic activity under baseline conditions in patients with chronic PTSD than in healthy subjects and directly link this pathophysiologic observation with the severity of the clinical posttraumatic stress syndrome.
Spinal cord injured adolescents and young adults: the meaning of body changes.

Spinal cord injury primarily affects those aged 15 to 29 years, and thus the injury occurs at a time when critical developmental tasks are being confronted. Not only may normal development be disrupted, but this age group may lack the life experience required to cope with the enormity of the multiple sequelae of the injury. The literature suggests that psychological adjustment to any disability is particularly difficult for adolescents and young adults, and that, as yet, psychosocial problems are minimally acknowledged in rehabilitation treatment programmes. This preliminary study of 15 young people with recent spinal cord injuries had two purposes: to describe the meaning of body changes from the perspective of the injured persons and to describe the strategies they used to respond to the changes. The researcher conducted intensive interviews with the participants. These interviews were transcribed verbatim, analysed and interpreted. It was found that the behaviours of the subjects focused on a concern with feeling normal and being valued, and the use of deliberate strategies that helped to engender positive feelings in this regard. Efforts to normalize were consistently seen in three areas: physical appearance and function, physical and emotional independence, and social skills and interpersonal relationships. The means used to maintain normalcy were ingenious and resourceful, and were, for the most part, developed by the subjects without direction from their caregivers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of ketamine on leading saccades during smooth-pursuit eye movements may implicate cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Ketamine has proved a useful probe in the study of schizophrenia. Recent studies have shown that ketamine causes abnormalities in eye tracking similar to those seen in patients with schizophrenia. The authors examined the effects of ketamine on leading saccadic eye movements, a specific component of the smooth-pursuit response shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients and their relatives. METHOD Twelve normal healthy volunteers received a 0.1 mg/kg bolus injection of ketamine or placebo in double-blind fashion during a smooth-pursuit eye-movement task. The number of leading saccades and the ratios of leading saccades to smooth-pursuit response time and to total saccadic eye-movement time were measured. RESULTS Ketamine significantly increased the number of leading saccades and increased the leading saccade ratios for more slowly moving targets. Similar nonsignificant effects were noted at higher target speeds. Ketamine-induced abnormalities were similar to those observed in relatives of schizophrenia patients under drug-free conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neurotransmission mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is involved in eye-tracking abnormalities. The generation of disruptive leading saccades during smooth pursuit is thought to be mediated by frontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry. Evidence that the locus of this and other ketamine-induced smooth-pursuit eye-movement deficits involves NMDA receptor functioning in the cerebellum is suggested.
Application of rapd in the determination of genetic fidelity in micropropagated Drosera plantlets

SummaryRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to verify the clonal fidelity of two micropropagated Drosera species, D. anglica and D. binata, which were regenerated by adventitious budding from leaf explants and shoot tips, respectively. Twenty arbitrary decamers were used to screen 15 randomly selected plantlets of each species. No genetic variation was detected among D. binata regenerants, whereas a 0.08% polymorphism frequency was estimated for D. anglica plantlets. These results indicate that the regeneration of plants through shoot-tip culture is a low-risk method for generating genetic variability, whereas material regenerated through leaf explants requires further verification.
Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety‐related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn. (Rutaceae), is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma‐aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BEO (1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% w/w) administered to rats on both anxiety‐related behaviours (the elevated plus‐maze (EPM) and hole‐board tests) and stress‐induced levels of plasma corticosterone in comparison with the effects of diazepam. Inhalation of BEO (1% and 2.5%) and injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM. The percentage time spent in the open arms was also significantly enhanced following administration of either BEO (2.5% and 5%) or diazepam. Total arm entries were significantly increased with the highest dose (5%), suggesting an increase in locomotor activity. In the hole‐board test, 2.5% BEO and diazepam significantly increased the number of head dips. 2.5% BEO and diazepam attenuated the corticosterone response to acute stress caused by exposure to the EPM. In conclusion, both BEO and diazepam exhibited anxiolytic‐like behaviours and attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone response to stress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial Alzheimer's disease: Site of mutation influences clinical phenotype

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by multiple genetic and/or environmental etiologies. Because differences in the genetically determined pathogenesis may cause differences in the phenotype, we examined age at onset and age at death in 90 subjects with dominantly inherited AD due to different mutations (amyloid precursor protein, presenilin‐1, and presenilin‐2 genes). We found that among patients with dominantly inherited AD, genetic factors influence both age at onset and age at death. Ann Neurol 2000;48:376–379
Inversion of neurovascular coupling by subarachnoid blood depends on large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels

The cellular events that cause ischemic neurological damage following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have remained elusive. We report that subarachnoid blood profoundly impacts communication within the neurovascular unit—neurons, astrocytes, and arterioles—causing inversion of neurovascular coupling. Elevation of astrocytic endfoot Ca2+ to ∼400 nM by neuronal stimulation or to ∼300 nM by Ca2+ uncaging dilated parenchymal arterioles in control brain slices but caused vasoconstriction in post-SAH brain slices. Inhibition of K+ efflux via astrocytic endfoot large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels prevented both neurally evoked vasodilation (control) and vasoconstriction (SAH). Consistent with the dual vasodilator/vasoconstrictor action of extracellular K+ ([K+]o), [K+]o <10 mM dilated and [K+]o >20 mM constricted isolated brain cortex parenchymal arterioles with or without SAH. Notably, elevation of external K+ to 10 mM caused vasodilation in brain slices from control animals but caused a modest constriction in brain slices from SAH model rats; this latter effect was reversed by BK channel inhibition, which restored K+-induced dilations. Importantly, the amplitude of spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations was increased after SAH, with peak Ca2+ reaching ∼490 nM. Our data support a model in which SAH increases the amplitude of spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations sufficiently to activate endfoot BK channels and elevate [K+]o in the restricted perivascular space. Abnormally elevated basal [K+]o combined with further K+ efflux stimulated by neuronal activity elevates [K+]o above the dilation/constriction threshold, switching the polarity of arteriolar responses to vasoconstriction. Inversion of neurovascular coupling may contribute to the decreased cerebral blood flow and development of neurological deficits that commonly follow SAH.