Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control-aware test architecture design for modular SOC testing

This paper deals with control-aware test architecture design for SOCs. The term test control refers to the control of mode of operation of all modules connected in different TAMs and the execution of the modules tests. We classify test control into two categories: (1) pseudo-static test control and (2) dynamic test control. Pseudo-static test control can be provided by means of a shift-register, where dynamic test control requires dedicated test pins. As the total number of chip pins available for test is limited, a large number of test control pins results in less TAM bandwidth available for test data. Therefore test architecture design should take the test control into account. To deal with pseudo-static test control for a given test architecture, we present two test strategies and discuss their impact on the corresponding test schedule. For dynamic test control, we present pin-constrained design of test architectures. Experimental results for the ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks show that the new pin-constrained design algorithm can save tip to 42 % in test time compared to the test times obtained from a conventional architecture design procedure.
Concordancers in the EFL Classroom: Cognitive Approaches and Collocation Difficulty

The study investigates the relative effectiveness of inductive and deductive approaches to learning collocations by using a concordancer. The relationship between cognitive approaches and levels of collocation difficulty is also examined. Eighty-one second-year students from a senior high school in Taiwan participated in the study. The results showed that the inductive group improved significantly better than the deductive group in the performance of collocation learning and easy collocations seem to be more suitable in the concordancer learning setting.
IT capability in primary schools — a case of something lost in the translation?

This paper examines the National Curriculum guidelines for Information Technology in Key Stages 1 & 2. Problems of interpretation are identified. The results of a survey indicate that primary school teachers lack sufficient understanding, of the concepts involved, to translate guidelines into practice. In-service training is recommended. The likely outcomes of National Curriculum guidelines for information technology are also considered.
A pilot investigation into the phenomenon of murder-suicide in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.

Research on murder-suicide within the South African context has been limited with the last published study in 1992 (Roos, Beyers, & Visser, 1992). This particular study investigated the phenomenon of murder-suicide in the city of Durban using techniques previously applied in a broad range of international studies (Berman, 1979; Cooper & Eaves, 1996; Rosenbaum,
Care should be taken in interpretation of visual field tests in children

Extensive epidemiological evidence indicates that prolonged treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) significantly reduces risk, delays onset, and reduces symptomatic severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Reports that the inflammatory enzyme nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in neurons in AD suggest that neuronal iNOS can contribute to AD pathology. These findings led to the recognition that the etiology of AD involves a significant inflammatory component. However, the mechanisms underlying NSAID’s beneficial actions are unclear. The well-characterized action of NSAIDs is inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and thereby prostanoid synthesis. However, COX inhibition alone is unlikely to account for the beneficial action of NSAIDs, insofar as their therapeutic effects occur at concentrations higher than those needed for COX inhibition, and, in a recent AD clinical trial, the selective COX2 inhibitor celecoxib was not protective. Similarly, we find that inhibition of neuronal and microglia activation by NSAIDs, but not by the selective COX2 inhibitor NS-398, prevents neuronal cell death but only at concentrations higher than those that inhibit COX. Together, these data support the existence of alternate targets for NSAID actions. It was recently recognized that NSAIDs directly activate members of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. PPARs play a central role in dietary fat and glucose metabolism, which led to the development of antidiabetic thiazolinediones (TZDs) that are in clinical use for type II diabetes (Rezulin, Actos, Avandia). Recently it was shown that activation of the PPARg isoform (PPARg) attenuates proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages and glial cells and blocks neuronal iNOS expression. These results were obtained using structurally distinct ligands, including TZDs, the natural agonist prostaglandin J2, and NSAIDs, including indomethacin and ibuprofen. In our models of neurotoxicity, protective effects were obtained with TZDs, demonstrating the antiinflammatory effectiveness of PPARg activation in these systems. We therefore suggest, based on epidemiological and experimental evidence, that the effects of NSAIDs in AD are mediated principally through activation of PPARg, which is expressed in normal brain and increased in AD. PPARg agonists are an attractive therapeutic option in aged, at-risk populations, as demonstrated prospectively by the ability of NSAIDs to reduce risk and delay the onset of AD in aged populations. Because highly specific PPARg agonists are in clinical use, these drugs can be evaluated in clinical trials for AD.
Las prácticas escritas en la universidad española

espanolEn este articulo se analizan las actividades y practicas de escritura que se llevan a cabo en las universidades espanolas, y la metodologia que se utiliza para favorecer el desarrollo de la competencia escritora y para ensenar a escribir. Los datos considerados corresponden a nueve universidades espanolas a las que pertenecen los 280 profesores y los 1,044 estudiantes de grado, informantes del estudio. Estos datos se refieren a las percepciones de profesores y estudiantes sobre la importancia que le conceden a la escritura, el tiempo que le dedican, las dimensiones o aspectos de la competencia que consideran mas importantes. Ademas se discuten las practicas propuestas por el profesorado y las identificadas y solicitadas por los estudiantes. Los resultados indican percepciones cruzadas entres ambos colectivos en algunas de las variables y destacan algunas diferencias en funcion de las areas de conocimiento que indican formas diversas de incluir la escritura en la formacion universitaria EnglishThis article examines the different writing practices carried out in Spanish universities and the methodology used to promote and teach the development of writing competences. The data in this study pertain to nine Spanish universities, 280 teachers and 1,044 undergraduate students from these universities. The data also refer to student and faculty perceptions of the importance attached to the writing process, the amount of time spent on it and the dimensions or aspects of the competence they consider the most important. Furthermore, the article examines the writing practices proposed by the teachers as well as the ones identified by and assigned to the students. On some of the variables, the results suggest opposing perceptions between the two groups and at the same time highlight differences depending on the fields of knowledge. This sheds light on different ways to include the writing process in university education
Anti-TNF-α Antibody (Infliximab) Therapy Supports the Recovery of eNOS and VEGFR2 Protein Expression in Endothelial Cells

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sera obtained from patients of Crohn's disease treated by anti-TNF-α antibody (infliximab) on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in vitro. HUVEC was cultured in the presence of sera derived from patients before and after treatment, or from healthy individuals. Effects of sera on the expression of eNOS and VEGFR2 were monitored by determination of mRNA and protein levels using real time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The serum of Crohn's patients contained elevated levels of TNF-α (34±1.80 pg/mL), which resulted in a decrease in the protein level of eNOS in HUVEC with a simultaneous induction of VEGFR2. Infliximab treatment normalized the expression level of these proteins by decreasing TNF-α level, particularly in those cases when clinical healing was also recorded, and it also conferred restitution of the level of angiogenic cytokines. Results suggest that altered angiogenesis possibly contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory processes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Endothelial dysfunction, a selective feature of Crohn's disease is beneficially affected by intravascular TNF-α neutralization.
Relationship Between Baseline Glycemic Control and Cognitive Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) Trial

Abbatecola and Paolisso suggest that the association found in the ∼3,000-person cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study between higher A1C values and lower cognitive test scores may be mediated at least partially by postprandial glucose levels and its variation index …
Abstract motion is no longer abstract

Abstract Dynamic conceptualization is a fundamental notion in cognitive linguistics. Abstract motion is one type of dynamic conceptualization. It is said to structure descriptions of static scenes such as ‘The mountain range goes from Mexico to Canada’, and in doing so, invokes a subjective sense of motion or state change. In recent years, a growing body of experimental research supports this claim. However, additional work is needed to understand the dynamics of abstract motion and the extent to which it generalizes. This paper provides some background on abstract motion and reports two new experiments that investigate two unexplored types of abstract motion, including visual paths and pattern paths. Together, the results indicate that abstract motion plays a central role in language use and understanding.
Hasil Diagnostik Mycobacterium Tuberculosis pada Pasien dengan Batuk 2 Minggu Menggunakan Pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen Di Poliklinik Paru Rumkit Tingkat III Robert Wolter Mongisidi

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causal bacteria of lung tuberculosis in human. These bacteria are classified into acid-resistant bacilli. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis can be established by microscopic examination of sputum with acid resistant bacilli dyes inter alia Ziehl-Neelsen which has high sensitivity and specificity. This was a descriptive experimental study to determine the existence of M. tuberculosis in the sputum of patients suffering from cough  2 weeks at Pulmonary Polyclinic of Rumkit Tingkat III Robert Wolter Mongisidi. The results obtained 74 samples consisting of 47 males and 27 females. Based on the age group, there were 2 samples of 15-24 years; 3 samples of 25-34 years; 5 samples of 45-54 years; 5 samples of 55-64 years; 2 samples of  65 years; none of 35-44 years old. There were 17 TB positive samples and 57 TB negative samples. Most of the TB positive samples were females (11 of 17 samples) and of age group 45-54 years as well as of 55-64 years. Conclusion: Most of the TB positive patients were female, and aged 45-64 years old. Keywords: Cough of more than 2 weeks, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lung tuberculosis Abstrak: Mycobacterium tuberculosis merupakan bakteri agen penyebab penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) pada manusia yang sering menginfeksi paru-paru. Bakteri ini digolongkan ke dalam basil tahan asam (BTA). Untuk menegakkan diagnosis TB dapat dilakukan dengan fasilitas sederhana dan memberi sensitivitas serta spesifisitas yang cukup tinggi yaitu pemeriksaan sputum dengan pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif eksperimental untuk menentukan ada tidaknya Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada sputum pasien batuk 2 minggu di Poliklinik Paru Rumkit Tingkat III Robert Wolter Mongisidi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2017. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 74 sampel terdiri dari 47 laki-laki dan 27 perempuan. Berdasarkan kelompok usia didapatkan 2 sampel usia 15-24 tahun; 3 sampel usia 25-34 tahun; 5 sampel usia 45-54 tahun; 5 sampel usia 55-64 tahun; dan 2 sampel usia 65 tahun. Tidak ada sampel pada usia 35-44 tahun. Pada pemeriksaan sputum ditemukan BTA positif pada 17 sampel dan BTA negatif pada 57 sampel. Pemeriksaan sputum dengan BTA positif terbanyak didapatkan pada jenis kelamin perempuan (11 dari 17 sampel), serta kelompok usia 45-54 tahun dan 55-64 tahun. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pengidap tuberkulosis berjenis kelamin perempuan dan berusia 45-64 tahun. Kata kunci: batuk 2 minggu, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB paru
Monitoring the spinal cord during corrective spinal surgery. A clinical study of TES-MEP.

This thesis reports from clinical studies of TES-MEP neuromonitoring used in the Sint Maartenskliniek for corrective spinal surgery since 1997. It has been shown that TES-MEP can be used in surgical procedures at all spinal levels and in different patients groups, even in patient groups for which neuromonitoring was thought to be impossible, such as patients with neuromuscular deficits. Good criteria to interpret TES-MEP monitoring results have been determined and no false negatives occurred, which was a great concern when using somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in the past. Based on published results in this thesis, I conclude that TES-MEP monitoring should be applied in all high-risk spinal procedures. It has been shown to be an effective, practical and reliable technique to monitor the motor tract that allows the surgical team to prevent permanent post-operative neurological deficits.
A channel distortion model for video over lossy packet networks

Error-resilient video communication over lossy packet networks is often designed and operated based on models for the effect of losses on the reconstructed video quality. This paper analyzes the channel distortion for video over lossy packet networks and proposes a new model that, compared to previous models, more accurately estimates the expected mean-squared error distortion for different packet loss patterns by accounting for inter-frame error propagation and the correlation between error frames. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated with JVT/H.264 encoded standard test sequences and previous frame concealment, where the proposed model provides an obvious accuracy gain over previous models.
Characterization of Amylase from Some Aspergillus and Bacillus Species Associated with Cassava Waste Peels

Cassava peels are generated as waste on soils during cassava processing in many tropical countries. This work set out to isolate some microorganisms associated with cassava peel degradation and characterize amylase enzymes responsible for the degradation under some physiological conditions. A total of 30 bacteria was isolated from the peels with Bacillus species occurring the most (46.5%) and Enterobacter species (13.3%) being the next. Frequencies of fungal isolations was Rhizopus sp. (35%); Aspergillus niger (25%); Aspegillus flavus (20%) and Penicillium species (20%). Bacillus cereus, Bacillus substilis Bacillus pumillus, Aspergillus niger and Apergillus flavus were selected and screened for their abilities to produce amylase. Amylase activity was highest at day 4 for B. substilis (39.4 units/ml) and A. flavus (66.1 units/ml); at day 3 for B. cereus (55.6 units/ml) and A. niger (44.6 units/ ml). While maximum amylase activity was obtained at day 6 for B. pumilus (80.2 units/ml). Optimum pH for amylases from the two fungal isolate was 6.0 (A. niger = 53.5 units/ml and A. flavus = 65.4 units/ml). While optimum pH for B.cereus (51.7 units/ ml) and B. pumilus (44.6 units/ml) was 6.5 and for B. substilis (56.1 units/ml) at pH 7.0. Amylase activities increased from 20°C to 40°C for amylase from Bacillus sp. and 20°C to 50°C for amylase from the Aspergillus sp. after which there was a decline in activities as temperature increased to 80°C. Effect of heating duration (at 70°C for 5 minutes) on the amylase showed that A. niger has the highest activity of 127 units/ml. Effect of substrate concentration on amylase activity showed that amylase form A. flavus had the highest activity of 72.2 units/ml at 0.4% substrate concentration. The implications of the findings were discussed.
Foundational Reasoning Abilities that Promote Coherence in Students' Function Understanding

The concept of function is central to undergraduate mathematics, foundational to modern mathematics, and essential in related areas of the sciences. A strong understanding of the function concept is also essential for any student hoping to understand calculus – a critical course for the development of future scientists, engineers, and mathematicians. Since 1888, there have been repeated calls for school curricula to place greater emphasis on functions (College Entrance Examination Board, 1959; Hamley, 1934; Hedrick, 1922; Klein, 1883; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1934, 1989, 2000). Despite these and other calls, students continue to emerge from high school and freshman college courses with a weak understanding of this important concept (Carlson, 1998; Carlson, Jacobs, Coe, Larsen & Hsu, 2002; Cooney & Wilson, 1996; Monk, 1992; Monk & Nemirovsky, 1994; Thompson, 1994a). This impoverished understanding of a central concept of secondary and undergraduate mathematics likely results in many students discontinuing their study of mathematics. The primarily procedural orientation to using functions to solve specific problems is absent of meaning and coherence for students and has been observed to cause frustration in students (Carlson, 1998). We advocate that instructional shifts that promote rich conceptions and powerful reasoning abilities may generate students’ curiosity and interest in mathematics, and subsequently lead to increases in the number of students who continue their study of mathematics. This article provides an overview of essential processes involved in knowing and learning the function concept. We have included discussions of the reasoning abilities involved in understanding and using functions, including the dynamic conceptualizations needed for understanding major concepts of calculus, parametric functions, functions of several variables, and differential equations. Our discussion also provides information about common conceptual obstacles to knowing and learning the function concept that students have been observed encountering. We make frequent use of examples to illustrate the ‘ways of thinking’ and major understandings that research suggests are essential for students’ effective use of functions during problem solving, and that are needed for students’ continued mathematics learning. We also provide some suggestions for promising approaches for developing a deep and coherent view of the concept of function.
Developing a Model for Dropout Prevention and Intervention in Primary and Secondary Schools in Serbia: Assessing the Model’s Effectiveness

The paper focuses on investigating the dropout phenomena and the need for its prevention and reduction within Serbian pre-university education. Understanding dropout as a multidimensional and system-level phenomenon, we offer a model for dropout prevention and intervention. The model considers the characteristics of schools in Serbia, together with the diversity of children under risk. Based on the findings from primary and secondary vocational schools2where the model was piloted, we focus on the model’s effectiveness as related to a reduction in the dropout rate, absenteeism, and grade repetition, together with the rise in students’ overall achievement at the school level. The results suggest the model is largely effective in the reduction of dropout rate, absenteeism, and grade repetition, with some ambiguous findings in regard to the rise of students’ achievement in primary schools.
An Analysis of Convergence Properties of the Border Gateway Protocol Using Discrete Event Simulation

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) facilitates communication between parts of the Internet by determining paths by which data can get from one network to any other. Just as IP is used ubiquitously as an addressing scheme, BGP is used ubiquitously for the purpose of inter-network routing. As the Internet has grown, the amount of stress put on BGP has increased. For a long time, the behavior of Internet routing was studied minimally and was assumed to be working smoothly. Research eventually showed, however, that this was not the case, and that the highly dynamic nature of the Internet was taking its toll on the routing infrastructure. Though its underlying premise is a simple distributed shortest-path algorithm, the dynamic nature of the Internet, combined with some additional constraints in the protocol, has made analytical approaches to studying the protocol infeasible. Measurement-based approaches have been taken, but they are difficult to implement and have minimal leeway for allowing exploration of the protocol's behavior under different conditions. For these reasons we have taken the approach of simulation in order to begin to understand some of the complex ways in which BGP behaves. Simulation allows one to explore the protocol more fully, testing it under various conditions and modifying the protocol itself to explore the consequences of its fundamental design. We have studied BGP behavior with respect to several parameters, some external (network characteristics) and some internal (protocol characteristics). We show that there is room for improvement in the protocol, in particular with respect to convergence following changes in availability of network destinations. The rate-limiting mechanism of the protocol is a particular parameter of concern. Although it was previously thought to help improve convergence, we found that in some cases it can have drastic degrading effects. As a result of our work, we suggest ways in which BGP could be modified in practice to reduce the instability of the protocol.
Filtering Tecnniques: An historical overview and summary of current status

A thoroughly overview and summary of current status is provided in order to fully understand the pros and cons of the different filtering methods used in power system quality assessment. The aim of this paper is to shorten the time needed in order to understand the different types of existing algorithms along the limitations and burdens imposed by their mathematical foundations.
Alcohol-related social disorder and rural youth: Part 1 - victims

The data presented in this paper reports alcohol related social disorder between 1993 and 1998 among young persons aged 14-19 and 20-24 years living in rural areas of Australia. Rates of alcohol related social disorder in these age groups in rural areas are compared with rates for older rural Australians and with rates in metropolitan areas.