Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the causality effect of exchange rate and interest yields: a case study of Zambia

iii CONTENTS. iv LIST OF FIGURES . vi LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . viii 1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY . 1 1.1 Research Area . 1 1.1.1 Converting Currency . 3 1.1.2 Treasury Bills . 5 1.2 Research Context: Focus on Zambia . 7 1.2.1 Structure of the Financial Market in Zambia . 7 1.2.2 Policy Transformations in Financial Sector . 8 1.2.3 Restrictions on Interest Rate before Liberalisation . 9 1.3 Background on Currency Foreign Exchange Trend . 10 1.4 Problem Statement . 11 1.5 Study Rationale . 12 1.6 Research Questions . 12 1.7 Research Objective . 13 1.7. 1 General Objective . 13 1.7. 2 Specific Objectives . 13 1.8 Importance of the Study . 13 2 FINDINGS FROM RELATED LITERATURE . 15 2.1 Financial Sector Background . 15 2.1.1 The IRP Theory. 15 2.1.2 The PPP Theory . 17 2.1.3 The UIRP Theory . 22 2.2 Review of Empirical Research . 26 2.1 Exchange rates and Yield Curves . 31 2.2 Central Bank Sterilization and Exchange Rates . 34 2.3 FX Risk and Interest Rates Yield . 36 2.4 Studies on the relationship between exchange rates and interest yields in Zambia 38
Financing Renewable Energy Projects in Major Emerging Market Economies: Evidence in the Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development

ABSTRACT This research paper aims to explore the role of FDI inflows and stock market development on the promotion of renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, study investigates the effect of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions and economic output across a panel of Brazil, China, India, and South Africa. Study utilizes annual data from 1990 to 2012 and employs various robust panel econometric techniques. The findings confirm that both FDI inflows and stock market development play an important role in promoting renewable energy consumption. The results also reveal that renewable energy consumption helps to mitigate the growth of CO2 emissions and promotes economic development.
A diverse view of protein dynamics from NMR studies of HIV‐1 protease flaps

Internal motion in proteins fulfills a multitude of roles in biological processes. NMR spectroscopy has been applied to elucidate protein dynamics at the atomic level, albeit at a low resolution, and is often complemented by molecular dynamics simulation. However, it is critical to justify the consistency between simulation results and conclusions often drawn from multiple experiments in which uncertainties arising from assumed motional models may not be explicitly evaluated. To understand the role of the flaps of HIV‐1 protease dimer in substrate recognition and protease function, many molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. The simulations have resulted in various proposed models of the flap dynamics, some of which are more consistent than others with our working model previously derived from experiments. However, using the working model to discriminate among the simulation results is not straightforward because the working model was derived from a combination of NMR experiments and crystal structure data. In this study, we use the NMR chemical shifts and relaxation data of the protease “monomer” rather than structural data to narrow down the possible conformations of the flaps of the “dimer”. For the first time, we show that the tips of the flaps in the unliganded protease dimer interact with each other in solution. Accordingly, we discuss the consistency of the simulations with the model derived from all experimental data. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultra-Low Power, Highly Reliable, and Nonvolatile Hybrid MTJ/CMOS Based Full-Adder for Future VLSI Design

Very large-scale integrated circuit design, based on today’s CMOS technologies, are facing various challenges. Shrinking transistor dimensions, reduction in threshold voltage, and lowering power supply voltage, cause new concerns such as high leakage current, and increase in radiation sensitivity. As a solution for such design challenges, hybrid MTJ/CMOS based design can resolve the issue of leakage power and bring the advantage of nonvolatility. However, radiation-induced soft error is still an issue in such new designs as they need peripheral CMOS components. As a result, these magnetic-based circuits are still susceptive to radiation effects. This paper proposes a radiation hardened and low power magnetic full-adder (MFA) for advanced microprocessors. Comparing with the previous work, the proposed MFA is capable of tolerating any particle strike regardless of the induced charge. Besides, our MFA circuit offers a lower energy consumption in write operation as compared with previous counterparts. We also suggest an incremental modification to the proposed MFA circuit to give it the advantage of full nonvolatility for future nonvolatile microprocessors.
The Brazilian Engagement with Peace Operations: a Critical Analysis

Abstract It is clear that Brazil seeks to enhance its international standing through an increasing engagement with peace operations. This paper argues that the more Brazil seeks to increase its engagement in the manner in which it is currently pursuing it – essentially by deploying troops – the more Brazil actively constructs its own subalternity with regards to international peace. In order to develop this argument, this paper initially delineates the Brazilian historical engagement within peace missions. Then, it critically problematizes such engagement by analysing it in light of the particular role that peace operations play within international politics.Keywords: Post-conflict reconstruction, peace operations, united nations,brazilian foreign policy. Received: February 18, 2016 Accepted: July 5, 2017 Introduction A very brief, though attentive, observation of the international reality is sufficient to notice that violence 1 recently has been on the rise. This can be clearly perceived within two dimensions: (1) the recent increasing trend in the number of deaths related to organized violence
Type of Oral Cleft and Mothers’ Perceptions of Care, Health Status, and Outcomes for Preadolescent Children

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of care for children by type of oral cleft. Design: Data were collected through structured telephone interviews during 2003 in Iowa with mothers of 2- to 12-year-old children with oral clefts. Interviews with mothers of children with clubfoot and statewide data on Iowa children were used for comparison. Participants: Participants included mothers of children in Iowa born between 1990 and 2000 with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Children were identified by the statewide Iowa Registry for Congenital and Inherited Disorders. Main Outcome Measures: Rating of cleft care, severity of condition, health status, esthetic outcome, speech, and school performance were evaluated by type of oral cleft. Results: Children with cleft lip and palate were most likely to have their clefts rated as very severe. Children with palatal involvement were reported to have a lower health status and were almost twice as likely to be identified as having a special health care need compared with either children with cleft lip or children statewide. Children with cleft lip had more esthetic concerns; children with palatal involvement had the most speech concerns. Conclusions: Although mothers generally believed their children had received high-quality care, ratings of the children's current health status and outcomes of care varied significantly by type of cleft (cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate). Differences observed in this population-based study support the proposition that cleft type should be considered when examining outcomes of care for children with oral clefts.
The Income Tax Treatment of Housing Assets: An Assessment of Proposed Reform Arrangements

This research models several politically acceptable pathways to reform negative gearing and CGT so as to reduce impacts on less sophisticated property investors. Two reform models— a rental deduction cap of $5,000 and a progressive rental deduction based on income—could lead to savings of over $1.7 billion each. Both are progressive in nature, reducing tax savings from negative gearing as tax assessable income increases.
A proteomic analysis of excreted and circulating proteins from obese patients following two different weight-loss strategies

Bariatric surgery is the most successful therapeutic approach to weight loss, but how it leads to weight loss, and how it resolves obesity-related complications, including type-2 diabetes, are poorly understood. This study, comprising two groups of individuals, one on a low-calorie diet (n = 5) and one undergoing bariatric surgery (n = 7), used both targeted and untargeted proteomic approaches to determine changes in protein levels pre- and post-intervention (i.e. 3–6 months later). Changes were observed in both circulating and excreted proteins following weight loss. Targeted multiplexed biochip arrays measured 12 plasma peptides/proteins involved in metabolism and inflammation: C-peptide, ferritin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 alpha, resistin, insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, leptin, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, adiponectin, cystatin C, and C-reactive protein. Following a low-calorie diet, plasma insulin and C-reactive protein levels were significantly reduced (P = 0.045 and P = 0.030, respectively); adiponectin increased and leptin decreased following surgery (P = 0.014 and P = 0.005, respectively). Untargeted proteomic analysis employing 2D difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) showed 28 protein spots with ≥1.5-fold changes in expression following weight loss by a low-calorie diet; comparison of pre- and post-intervention urine samples from the bariatric surgery group showed changes in excretion of 110 protein spots. The combination of targeted protein analysis by multiplexed arrays and an exploratory (i.e. an unbiased or discovery) proteomic assessment of hundreds of proteins offers valuable insights into the mechanistic differences between alternative weight-loss strategies. This is a powerful hypothesis-generating approach to study complex, multifactorial syndromes such as obesity. The findings that arise from these studies can then be validated in targeted, hypothesis-directed investigations.
Supplementation with low doses of vitamin E protects LDL from lipid peroxidation in men and women.

There is accumulating evidence that oxidative modification of LDL is an important step in the process of atherogenesis and that antioxidants may protect LDL from oxidation. We and others have previously shown that ingestion of pharmacological doses of the antioxidant D,L-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), far above the recommended daily intake (ie, 12 to 15 IU/d for adults), increases the oxidation resistance of LDL. In this study, we ascertained the minimal supplementary dose of vitamin E necessary to protect LDL against oxidation in vitro. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women, aged 21 to 31 years) ingested consecutively 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 IU/d, D,L-alpha-tocopherol acetate during six 2-week periods. No changes were observed in LDL triglyceride content, fatty acid composition of LDL, or LDL size during the intervention. Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and LDL were both 1.2 times the baseline values after the first period (25 IU/d) and 2.6 and 2.2 times, respectively, after the last period (800 IU/d). There was a linear increase in LDL alpha-tocopherol levels up to an intake of 800 IU/d (r = .79, P < .0001) and a good correlation between alpha-tocopherol in plasma and LDL (r = .66, P < .0001). Simultaneously, the resistance of LDL to oxidation was elevated dose-dependently (+28% after the last period) and differed significantly from the baseline resistance time even after ingestion of only 25 IU/d. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Test of memory malingering with children: The utility of Trial 1 and TOMMe10 as screeners of test validity

There is a growing body of research suggesting that the shorter versions of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) may provide an accurate assessment of effort in children. During neuropsychological evaluations, some circumstances result in only one completed trial of the TOMM or partial completion of a trial. Research suggests that a cut-score of 40 or 41 on Trial1 is highly predictive of passing the TOMM overall. In the current study, 194 school-age children with academic and/or behavioral problems were used to compare the accuracy of TOMM1 and TOMMe10 (errors on the first 10 items of TOMM1) in predicting passing/failing of TOMM2. For the children in this sample, a score of < 40 items correct (≥ 10 errors) on TOMM1 was highly accurate in predicting a passing performance on the TOMM2 (sensitivity = .80, specificity = .91) with a Negative Predictive Value = . 98 at the malingering base rate of 7% (TOMM2 failure in our sample). A score of 2 errors (8 items correct) on the TOMMe10 was slightly less sensitive than that of the TOMM1 (specificity = .96, sensitivity = .53) but with a similar Negative Predictive Value (.96). Consistent with the research from adult populations, TOMM1 and TOMMe10 appear to be quite accurate in predicting performance on the standard administration of the TOMM and may be useful screeners. However, compared to that found in adult samples, slight differences in suggested cutoffs for TOMM1 and TOMMe10 may be warranted for children.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Bi-Metric Proximally Hydroxyapatite-Coated Femoral Stem

Purpose Promising clinical results and survival rates have been reported for the Bi-Metric proximally hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated femoral stem in short- and mid-term studies. In this study we evaluated the long-term survival as well as clinical and radiological results of this stem. Methods From 1992 to 1998 we prospectively included 112 consecutive patients who received a total hip arthroplasty (THA) with an uncemented proximally HA-coated Bi-Metric femoral component (Biomet). At 3 months, 1 year and thereafter every 2 to 3 years, patients were clinically and radiologically monitored. Primary endpoint was revision of the stem for any reason. Secondary endpoints were survival of the cup and THA, radiological characteristics and clinical scores (HHS, HOOS, SF-36 and VAS). Results Median follow-up was 20 (16-22.25) years. Median age at surgery was 52 (22-63) years. At final follow-up, survival analysis showed an all-cause stem survival of 96.8% (95% CI, 93.3-100). Median HHS scores improved from 57 preoperatively to 94 at final follow-up (p<0.001). At final follow-up the median HOOS score was 80 (9-100); median SF-36 score 71 (18-100); median VAS pain score at rest 0 (0-6) and during activity 0 (0-10). Conclusions In this prospective cohort study the 20-year survival rate of the Bi-Metric proximally HA-coated femoral stem was excellent.
Genome scan for loci involved in cleft lip with or without cleft palate, in Chinese multiplex families.

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common congenital anomaly. Birth prevalences range from 1/500 to 1/1,000 and are consistently higher in Asian populations than in populations of European descent. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the CL/P etiological factors in Asian populations differ from those in white populations. A sample of 36 multiplex families were ascertained through probands with CL/P who were from Shanghai. This is the first reported genome-scan study of CL/P in any Asian population. Genotyping of Weber Screening Set 9 (387 short tandem-repeat polymorphisms with average spacing approximately 9 cM [range 1-19 cM]) was performed by the Mammalian Genotyping Service of Marshfield Laboratory. Presented here are the results for the 366 autosomal markers. Linkage between each marker and CL/P was assessed by two-point and multipoint LOD scores, as well as with multipoint heterogeneity LOD scores (HLODs) plus model-free identity-by-descent statistics and the multipoint NPL statistic. In addition, association was assessed via the transmission/disequilibrium test. LOD-score and HLOD calculations were performed under a range of models of inheritance of CL/P. The following regions had positive multipoint results (HLOD > or =1.0 and/or NPL P< or =.05): chromosomes 1 (90-110 cM), 2 (220-250 cM), 3 (130-150 cM), 4 (140-170 cM), 6 (70-100 cM), 18 (110 cM), and 21 (30-50 cM). The most significant multipoint linkage results (HLOD > or =2.0; alpha=0.37) were for chromosomes 3q and 4q. Associations with P< or =. 05 were found for loci on chromosomes 3, 5-7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 20, and 21. The most significant association result (P=.009) was found with D16S769 (51 cM).
Miniature low power submillimeter-wave spectrometer for detection of water in the Solar System

Mass and power for the next generation of NASA's heterodyne spectrometers must be greatly reduced to satisfy the constraints of future small-spacecraft missions. We report on a 220 GHz Schottky-diode receiver, which requires less than 4.8 W, and has a mass of less than 1.5 kg-more than a factor of ten reduction in mass and power compared to current instruments. This significant savings was achieved through minimizing the number of receiver components, without compromising on the functionality necessary for a surface based Mars atmospheric sounding instrument.
Growth-oriented new agricultural ventures: the role of entrepreneurial resources and capabilities under convergence forces

Using a multilevel approach, this study examines how new entrants’ resources, capabilities and context influence growth-oriented new agricultural ventures. Results indicate that growth orientation is largely self-determined. The knowledge base of the new entrants, their social ties with entrepreneurs, together with the capabilities to identify and exploit opportunities, as well as those to effectively offer new products, trigger these growth-oriented ventures. Industry contexts also influence them, as those operating in less agriculturally competitive countries have a greater probability of becoming growth-oriented, suggesting convergence forces. Lastly, results reveal that competitiveness positively moderates the relationship between product innovation capabilities and growth orientation.
Servant leadership practice among selected Malaysian executives attending a leadership development course

Servant leadership calls for leaders to lead others by being a servant first and thus brings about human capital development that contributes to the organisation’s success. The purpose of this study is to investigate servant leadership practices among selected Malaysian executives attending a leadership development course. Its primary aim is to determine the level of servant leadership practices and the relationship between emotional intelligence, motivation, integrity, spirituality, mentoring and servant leadership practices. Servant leadership practices in this study comprise the five servant leadership factors of altruism, emotional healing, wisdom,persuasive mapping and organisational stewardship. The study also examines the moderating effects of gender and organisational commitment on servant leadership practices. The systematic random sampling survey approach was used to gather data from 480 executives who attended a leadership training course. Six measuring instruments were adapted to obtain the various measures including the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) and a survey questionnaire was designed to include the measuring instruments and collect demographic background information about the participants’ age, gender and working experience. The research findings reveal that the level of servant leadership practices is moderately high (M = 3.04, SD = .33). In addition, males (M = 3.04, SD = .33) and females (M = 3.05, SD = .33) are not significantly different in their servant leadership practices. Not surprisingly, high organisational commitment executives (M = 3.11, SD = .31) show distinctly higher servant leadership practices compared to the low organisational commitment executives (M = 2.95, SD = .31). The results of the study indicate that the three independent variables of mentoring (r = .53, p = .0001), spirituality (r =.51, p = .0001) and emotional intelligence (r = .42, p = .0001) have a strong and positive relationship with servant leadership practices. In addition,spirituality (SE B = .342) is the best predictor for servant leadership practices,followed by mentoring (SE B = .295), and emotional intelligence (SE B =.170). Results of the moderated multiple regression reveal that gender is not a moderator for the relationship between emotional intelligence, motivation,integrity, spirituality, mentoring and servant leadership practices. The findings also show that organisational commitment is a moderator only for the relationship between spirituality and servant leadership practices. Finally, it must be pointed out that this is one of the few research studies on servant leadership practices in Malaysia. No national norms are available to aid in understanding the level of servant leadership practices in Malaysia. More studies in Malaysia replicated over samples covering a wide range of age groups and geographical areas in Malaysia would help to enhance the understanding of the levels of servant leadership practices in Malaysia.
Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection causing hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: Two recent cases.

INTRODUCTION Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with a unique pathophysiology that differs from Shiga toxin-related HUS. METHODS Case descriptions for each patient are provided. Each strain of S pneumoniae was subjected to a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, Shiga toxin assay and polymerase chain reaction to detect Shiga toxin genes. A review of the current literature was conducted. CASE PRESENTATIONS Two patients with S pneumoniae-related HUS that presented to the Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, within four weeks of each other in 2001 are described. Both presented with pneumonia and empyema with associated HUS. Both patients required dialysis, one patient for 10 days and the other for 18 days. Neither patient demonstrated evidence of Shiga toxin-related disease. S pneumoniae isolated from blood or pleural fluid was penicillin susceptible. One isolate was serotype 3 and the other was serotype 14. The two strains had different PFGE patterns. Both patients recovered well with no persistent renal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS S pneumoniaecontinues to be an uncommon but important cause of HUS. Most cases can be confirmed or at least considered probable without performing a renal biopsy.
The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

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