Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2D: 4D, Lateralization and Strength in Handball Players

Lateralization, which is also known as hand preference, and 2D:4D finger ratio is a sign of prenatal testosterone and known to be associated with strength. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 2D: 4D, lateralization and hand grip strength in relation to hand and forearm that are thought to be effective in handball in elite handball players. 67 female and 67 male elite players participated in this study. The height, weight, body-mass index and hand preference of these athletes have been identified and 2D: 4D finger measurements and hand grip strength tests were performed. When identifying the preferences regarding lateralization, the hand distribution preference was determined by the Oldfield questionnaire and evaluated using the Geschwind score. After photocopy images of the two hands of the athletes were taken, their finger lengths were measured Hand grip strength was determined by a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer. Strong correlation was found especially between 2D: 4D and dominant hand grip strength in male and female elite handball players. The ratio of left-handedness due to the positions of players during the game among male and female athletes has been found to be higher than that of the general population. With regard to gender, 2D: 4D was found to be lower in males than females but hand grip was found to be higher in males than females. Besides, a significant correlation between height and BMI with 2D:4D, sport age, height, body weight and hand grip strength was found. This study emphasizes the importance of 2D: 4D, handgrip strength and hand preference in handball.
Impact of vehicle fleet characteristics on ambient PM concentrations during rainy season at Farm Gate (CAMS-2) in Dhaka

The impact of vehicle fleet characteristics on ambient particulate matters (both PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) concentrations during the rainy season was investigation. Sampling was carried out at the continuous air monitoring station (CAMS-2) at the Farm Gate site, a location near a major traffic intersection. It was observed from the analysis, that the PM 2.5 concentrations were not varying so much between day and night time. This might be due to the rainfall and high humidity during these days. As the PM 2.5 is less, so BC/PM 2.5 becomes high compared to winter season. Therefore PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio is also less compared to winter time, as PM 2.5 is the part of PM 10 . The black carbon (BC) value is less during this period compared to winter due to both local and meteorological effect. It was also found that although there was heavy rainfall on 13 July 2010, the PM concentration is also high. It may be due to the contribution of sea salt to PM. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(2) , 143-150, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i2. 15746
The Effects of Roster Turnover on Demand in the National Basketball Association

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of roster turnover on demand in the National Basketball Association (NBA) over a five-year period (2000-2005) and compare these results to previous research on turnover in Major League Baseball (MLB). A censored regression equation was developed to examine the relationship between roster turnover and season attendance, while controlling for other potentially confounding variables in the model. The censored regression model was used to account for the capacity constraints by forecasting the level of demand beyond capacity using information from the uncensored observations. The regression model was found to be significant with a log-likelihood statistic of 110.446. Previous attendance, current winning percentage, previous winning percentage, number of all-star players, and team history were found to be significant predictors of attendance. However, the variables measuring the effects of roster turnover were not found to be significant. There were substantial differences in the effect of roster turnover on attendance in the NBA compared with MLB. In addition, these findings provide evidence for using censored regression when dealing with constrained variables. Sellouts in the NBA appear to have an effect on all of the variables in the demand model. Future research will need to be conducted to help sport managers understand the role of roster turnover in specific professional leagues and to better understand the importance of using a censored regression model.
PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS FED SOYBEAN SILAGE

Master of Science Animal Science (Nutrition) Einar Vargas Bello Perez PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS FED SOYBEAN SILAGE The objective of this research was to determine the feeding values of forage soybean (cv. Kodiak, full pod stage) silage to lactating dairy cows. Two diets with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of dairy cows in early lactation. Soybean silage (SS) or a fourth cut alfalfa silage (AS) comprised 72% of the forage in each diet, with corn silage comprising the remaining 28%. Twenty Holsteins cows in early lactation were used in a Switchback design to determine the effects of dietary treatments on milk yield and milk composition. Four lactating cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a Switchback design to determine effects of dietary treatments on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibilities. Cows fed SS consumed less (P < 0.05) feed and produced less (P < 0.05) milk than cows fed AS. However, energy-corrected milk and milk efficiency were similar for both dietary treatments. Milk fat percentage and milk urea nitrogen were higher (P < 0.05) in milk of cows fed SS than in milk of cows fed AS. However, milk protein and lactose concentrations were similar for both dietary treatments. Ruminal pH and NH3 N were lower (P < 0.05) in cows fed AS than in cows fed SS. However, total and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids were not influenced by dietary treatments. Total tract digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and GE were similar for dietary treatments. Results of the present study revealed the potential of forage
Effect of temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall on the production of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and on back spot severity on sweet orange

A pinta preta dos frutos citricos (Citrus sp.)e causada por Guignardia citricarpa e a producao de ascosporos depende da temperatura, molhamento foliar e chuva. O numero de ascosporos foi monitorado usando uma armadilha de esporos e os fatores climaticos foram avaliados usando uma estacao automotizada em pomares de laranja (Citrus sinensis) Natal e Valencia, no periodo de novembro de 2000 a marco de 2001 no municipio de Mogi-Guacu/SP, Brasil. Em ambos os pomares, os frutos foram ensacados para prevenir a infeccao natural, e os sacos foram removidos semanalmente em diferentes estadios de desenvolvimento dos frutos durante 18 semanas. Ascosporos foram produzidos durante todo o periodo do experimento especialmente primeiramente depois da ocorrencia de chuvas. Em ambos os pomares o pico de producao de ascosporos ocorreu em janeiro e fevereiro. A producao de ascosporos foi correlacionada com o molhamento foliar apenas para o pomar de laranja Natal, mas nao foi correlacionada com o total de chuva ou temperatura para as duas variedades. A doenca foi mais severa em frutos expostos na 7a, 8a e 13a semana, apos o inicio do experimento para ambas variedades e, na 16a semana para a variedade Natal. Verificou-se uma forte correlacao entre severidade da doenca e quantidade total de chuva para ambas variedades e uma fraca correlacao entre temperatura e severidade para o pomar de laranja Natal. Nao houve correlacao entre severidade e molhamento foliar ou com o numero de ascosporos.
Experimentation Abilities in Kindergarten Children with Learning Problems

In the present study we investigated experimentation abilities of children with learning problems in early childhood education, i.e. kindergarten (4–6 years old). An essential part of science education is learning via the scientific method, of which experimentation is the central component. We studied experimentation abilities in 28 kindergartners with mild learning problems and compared them to 45 grade-matched typically developing kindergartners. Moreover, it was examined to what extent linguistic and cognitive factors in experimentation could be identified. The results showed that the kindergartners with learning problems scored lower on experimentation, which was due to the difficulty they experienced when the number of variables increased. There was an overlap in performance of kindergartners with and without learning problems, which showed that some kindergartners with learning problems performed similar to typically developing kindergartners on the experimentation task. Similar cognitive and linguistic factors in experimentation were found as in their typically developing peers, namely nonverbal reasoning and grammar. The results suggest that kindergartners with learning problems show a developmental delay in experimentation. Instructional methods for children with learning problems should take these individual differences and developmental delay into account. An important conclusion is that kindergartners with learning problems can design multivariable experiments.
Upper Water Structure and Mixed Layer Depth in Sub-Tropical Waters: The Seats Station in the Northern South China Sea

The variability of the upper water hydrographic structure, the efficacy of the different schemes for estimating the mixed layer depth (MLD), the inter-comparability estimation of the MLDs and diurnal and intra-annual MLD climatology in the tropical waters in the northern South China Sea were accessed in 702 depth-profiles of potential temperature (θ) and salinity collected in 64 cruises between 17.5 and 18.5°N and 115.3 and 116.3°E from 1997 to 2013. The hydrographic structure may be subdivided into three principal types: the classical type, with quasi-isopycnal surface mixed layer followed by an abrupt increase in the depth-gradient in θ and potential density (σθ) to mark the MLD; the stepwise type, with one or more small stepwise decreases in θ and/or increases in σθ in the mixed layer; and the graded type, with a general decrease in θ and increases in σθ with depth into the main pycnocline without a clear break to mark the MLD. These three types of upper waters were found in 75, 10, and 15% of the cruises. Out of the 10 schemes for estimating the MLD, only the fixed temperature difference method of 0.5 and 0.8°C from the 10-m temperature yielded consistent results, with root mean square error and mean absolute percentage difference of 2 m and 2%. MLD varied diurnally with an average standard deviation of 4 m from the mean. The monthly average MLD reached a maximum of 80 m in December/January and dropped to a minimum of 25 m in May. Article history: Received 6 October 2016 Revised 7 January 2017 Accepted 9 January 2017
Civic Education and Citizenship in Malaysian Education.

This paper seeks to provide an overview of theoretical concepts of civic education and citizenship. The paper discusses recent comparative education research on political socialization and its implications for future research, such as in not fully democratic countries like Malaysia. Based on a literature review and prior research in the region, the role of education as a vehicle for teaching civic education and citizenship is examined. A qualitative research study in Malaysia is proposed to examine the relationship between official policy and actual school practice in the areas of civic education and citizenship. By comparing the views of teachers and students with those of policymakers (and the expectations presented in policy documents), the study compares official policy with what was really taught and learned in the selected educational settings. (Contains 44 references.) (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. American Educational Research Association Conference New Orleans, LA April 1-5, 2002 Civic Education and Citizenship in Malaysian Education' Dr. Thomas N. Barone Northern Illinois University
Emotional exhaustion and its consequences: a comparative study of nurses in India and China

We explore the impact of emotional exhaustion on job performance, job satisfaction, and depression in two collectivist societies. Specifically, we investigate the role of organisational commitment as a mediator and as a moderator of the relationship between emotional exhaustion and its consequences. Data were collected from 683 nurses in India and 451 nurses in China. Emotional exhaustion exerted significant direct influence on all criterion variables beyond the impact of age and marital status for both samples. Results in general support the mediation hypothesis for both samples. Commitment was also found to moderate the relationship between emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and depression among Chinese nurses but not among Indian nurses. The results seem to suggest differential context effects between India and China in the etiology of emotional exhaustion. More broadly, the findings endorse differences within collectivist cultures. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed.
The Reconciliation Attitudes of Former Child Soldiers in Northern Uganda

Introduction: While the reintegration processes of former child soldiers have been widely studied, little attention has been paid to their reconciliation attitudes, and in particular possible associations between these reconciliation attitudes and different risk factors. Therefore, this study examined reconciliation attitudes of formerly abducted adolescents living in post-conflict Northern Uganda, compared to non-conscripted youth, and possible associations with war-related stressful experiences and daily stressors. Methods: Four hundred forty five war-affected adolescents living in Northern Uganda were included, of which 214 (48.1%) were formerly abducted. All completed questionnaires on exposure to stressful war experiences (Stressful War Events Questionnaire), daily stressors (Adolescent Complex Emergency Daily Stressors Scale), and attitudes towards reconciliation (Openness to Reconciliation Questionnaire). Associations between several sociodemographics, war-related and daily stressors and reconciliation attitudes were explored using hierarchical linear regression models. Results: Findings showed that conscripted youth experienced more stressful war experiences and daily stressors than non-conscripted youth, and that they scored higher on the different reconciliation attitudes (goodwill attitudes, positive feelings towards the future, feelings of avoidance and of revenge). Having been recruited as child soldier was associated with more revenge attitudes compared to non-abducted children, and girls showed more goodwill attitudes than boys. Above, a larger exposure to war-related and daily stressors was associated with overall higher reconciliation attitudes, although particular interaction effects showed complex relationships here. Conclusion: Overall war-related stressors, daily stressors and, to a lesser degree, abduction status and gender are associated with reconciliation attitudes. The findings have implications for agencies working to promote postconflict recovery among war-affected children.
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID OCCLUSIVE DISEASE: IS ULTRASOUND DUPLEX SCANNING SUFFICIENT ?

Intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ICAS) is responsible for ischemic stroke in 10~33%. ICAS occurs in association with various stroke mechanisms, such as in situ thrombotic occlusion, artery-to-artery embolism, hemodynamic insufficiency, and branch occlusion.
Economic Linkages, Relative Scarcity, and Commodity Futures Returns

This paper shows that economic linkages among commodities create a source of long-term correlation between futures returns. We extend the theory of storage to a multi-commodity level and find that the convenience yield of a commodity depends on its relative scarcity with respect to other related commodities. This implies a feedback effect between commodities that is necessary to replicate the upward-sloping correlation term structure of futures returns observed for related commodities. We present a multi-commodity affine model that validates our theoretical predictions and considerably reduces the pricing errors in out-of-sample crack spread options. The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Intergeneric Relationships within the Early-Diverging Angiosperm Family Nymphaeaceae Based on Chloroplast Phylogenomics

The order Nymphaeales, consisting of three families with a record of eight genera, has gained significant interest from botanists, probably due to its position as a basal angiosperm. The phylogenetic relationships within the order have been well studied; however, a few controversial nodes still remain in the Nymphaeaceae. The position of the Nuphar genus and the monophyly of the Nymphaeaceae family remain uncertain. This study adds to the increasing number of the completely sequenced plastid genomes of the Nymphaeales and applies a large chloroplast gene data set in reconstructing the intergeneric relationships within the Nymphaeaceae. Five complete chloroplast genomes were newly generated, including a first for the monotypic Euryale genus. Using a set of 66 protein-coding genes from the chloroplast genomes of 17 taxa, the phylogenetic position of Nuphar was determined and a monophyletic Nymphaeaceae family was obtained with convincing statistical support from both partitioned and unpartitioned data schemes. Although genomic comparative analyses revealed a high degree of synteny among the chloroplast genomes of the ancient angiosperms, key minor variations were evident, particularly in the contraction/expansion of the inverted-repeat regions and in RNA-editing events. Genome structure, and gene content and arrangement were highly conserved among the chloroplast genomes. The intergeneric relationships defined in this study are congruent with those inferred using morphological data.
Branching Systems with Long-Living Particles at the Critical Dimension

A spatial branching process is considered in which particles have a lifetime law with a tail index smaller than one. It is shown that at the critical dimension, unlike classical branching particle systems the population does not suffer local extinction when started from a spatially homogeneous Poissonian initial population. In fact, persistent convergence to a mixed Poissonian particle system is shown. The random intensity of the limiting process is characterized in law by the random density in a space point of a related age-dependent superprocess at a fixed time. The proof relies on a refined study of the system starting from asymptotically large but finite initial populations.
Factors Affecting Teacher's Intention to use E-Learning

The adoption of e-learning technology in Indonesia is limited partly because of user rejection. While one rejecting user is teachers, they play an important role to succeed the implementation of e-learning as they provide e-learning content. Thus, this study aims at investigating factors that affect teacher’s intention in using e-learning. In doing so, we employ Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess such factors which consist of several variables: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to develop and offer e-learning course. In addition to TAM, we add three external factors namely facilitating condition, experience, and self-efficacy. As a case study, we analyze the implementation of e-learning in SMP Negeri 1 Jember. We develop a questionnaire based on the model and elicit data for capturing teacher’s intention in SMP Negeri 1 Jember. We utilize Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze our hypothesis. The result from this study shows that self-efficacy has a positive correlation toward perceived ease of use. Moreover, this correlation is the only hypothesis that being supported, while the others are being rejected. Another interesting finding is that even though the hypothesis expressing that experience has a positive correlation toward perceived usefulness is rejected, the study shows the opposite result that experience has a negative correlation toward perceived usefulness. Keywords—e-learning, TAM, user acceptance, e-learning adoption
Factors contributing to the incidence and prevalence of lameness on Czech dairy farms

Twenty-four Czech dairy farms were visited to record lameness prevalence and to identify factors associated with high lameness prevalence at the farm level and/or increased lameness risk at the level of indi- vidual cows. All cows were checked for lameness and forty cows per farm were examined for overgrown claws, body dirtiness and skin lesions. The farm environment was scored between 1 (excellent) to 5 (very poor) in three different aspects: floor slipperiness, cow care quality, and housing quality. Data on hoof trimming schedules were obtained from farm managers. Lameness prevalence on farms was in a wide range from 6% to 42% (median 22%). At the farm level, floor slipperiness and poor animal care were associated with high lameness prevalence (Spearman correlations, P < 0.05), and the proportion of cows with overgrown claws tended to be associated with it (P < 0.10). The reported time schedules of hoof trimming (continuous trimming applied or not; and time elapsed since the whole herd was trimmed) were unrelated to either the prevalence of overgrown claws or the prevalence of lameness. Within farms, cows with overgrown claws and dirty cows were at an increased risk of being lame (multiple logistic regression, P < 0.05) and cows with skin lesions tended to be more lame (P < 0.10). The risk of lameness had an inverted U-shape dependence on age ( P < 0.05), with cows at 7-8 years of age being the most endangered by lameness. We conclude that there is a large potential for lameness reduction on some Czech dairy farms through improving the cow care and reducing floor slipperiness, and that within farms, cows with overgrown claws and also dirty cows and cows with skin lesions should be given special attention since they are more likely to get lame.
On the neurobiology of somatoform pain: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Somatoform pain disorder is characterised by chronic pain without significant peripheral organic pathology. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current thesis aims elucidate the neural correlates of this psychosomatic disease. During the construction of affective meaning as well as during as resting state, somatoform patients show alterations in medial-prefrontal, cingular, and insular structures. These finding suggests that somatoform pain is associated with disrupted emotional processing owing to altered activation of empathetic-affective networks.