Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-stage damage diagnosis based on the distance between ARMA models and pre-whitening filters

This paper presents a two-stage damage diagnosis strategy for damage detection and localization. Auto-regressive moving-average (ARMA) models are fitted to time series of vibration signals recorded by sensors. In the first stage, a novel damage indicator, which is defined as the distance between ARMA models, is applied to damage detection. This stage can determine the existence of damage in the structure. Such an algorithm uses output only and does not require operator intervention. Therefore it can be embedded in the sensor board of a monitoring network. In the second stage, a pre-whitening filter is used to minimize the cross-correlation of multiple excitations. With this technique, the damage indicator can further identify the damage location and severity when the damage has been detected in the first stage. The proposed methodology is tested using simulation and experimental data. The analysis results clearly illustrate the feasibility of the proposed two-stage damage diagnosis methodology.
Effects of artificial defences and flooding on coastal habitats and assemblages

Since large stretches of European coasts are already retreating and projected scenarios are worsening, many artificial structures, such as breakwaters and seawalls, are built as tool against coastal erosion. However artificial structures produce widespread changes that alter the coastal zones and affect the biological communities. My doctoral thesis analyses the consequences of different options for coastal protection, namely hard engineering ‘artificial defences’ (i.e. impact of human-made structures) and ‘no-defence’ (i.e. impact of seawater inundation). I investigated two new aspects of the potential impact of coastal defences. The first was the effect of artificial hard substrates on the fish communities structure. In particular I was interested to test if the differences among breakwaters and natural rocky reef would change depending on the nature of the surrounding habitat of the artificial structure (prevalent sandy rather than rocky). The second was the effect on the native natural sandy habitats of the organic detritus derived from hard-bottom species (green algae and mussels) detached from breakwaters. Furthermore, I investigated the ecological implication of the “no-defend” option, which allow the inundation of coastal habitats. The focus of this study was the potential effect of seawater intrusion on the degradation process of marine, salt-marsh and terrestrial detritus, including changes on the breakdown rates and the associated macrofauna. The PhD research was conducted in three areas along European coasts: North Adriatic sea, Sicilian coast and South-West England where different habitats (coastal, estuarine), biological communities (soft-bottom macro-benthos; rocky-coastal fishes; estuarine macro-invertebrates) and processes (organic enrichment; assemblage structure; leaf-litter breakdown) were analyzed. The research was carried out through manipulative and descriptive field-experiments in which specific hypothesis were tested by univariate and multivariate analyses.
Transmission of Hungarian Monetary Policy

This paper attempts to aggregate and summarize fresh results concerning the monetary transmission mechanism in Hungary. Within a research project at the MNB nine studies have been published investigating the channels through which Hungarian monetary policy affects the economy. We create a framework for synthesizing particular results based on Mishkin’s (1996) classification. We analyze how demand and supply are affected through those channels. Our conclusion is that during the past ten years monetary policy did exert measurable influence on real activity and prices. The dominance of the exchange rate channel explains why price respond faster and output responds milder than in closed developed economies like the US or the eurozone. We expect that after adopting the euro the absence of exchange rate will be compensated by the fact that the interest rate channel will work through foreign demand as well, therefore no significant asymmetries can be expected inside the eurozone in terms of monetary transmission.
The myth of the research‐led teacher

This paper examines the contention that achievement in research is a prerequisite for effective teaching in higher education. It also explores university level teaching more generally with the purpose of examining the links between teaching and research. Concept mapping, in particular, is described as a means of exploring both the knowledge structures of experts (teachers and researchers) and the cognitive changes that are indicative of meaningful learning among students. We use the approach to suggest that rich and complex networks are indicative of expert status, but that these are seldom made explicit to students in the course of teaching. Instead, simple, linear structures comprise most lesson plans or teaching sequences. This linearity is often made transparent through the lecturers’ use of PowerPoint presentations to structure teaching. Thus the transmission mode of teaching predominates in HE and evidence of authentic research‐led teaching remains scant. This is likely to reinforce surface learning outcomes among university students and be an impediment to the emergence of expert status. The linear chains that are commonly espoused in teaching lend themselves to rote learning strategies rather than to individual meaning making. The approach we describe here has the potential to reinstate expert status as the prime qualification for teaching in higher education. Where concept mapping is used to share and explore knowledge structures between students and experts, then learning can be shown to occur in ways that are synonymous with research and discovery. Using this approach, the teacher–student distinction becomes legitimately blurred so that the sharing and advancement of knowledge are concomitant. In conclusion, we suggest that this is a basis for a pedagogy that is appropriate to HE and distinct from the compulsory sector.
Corruption and Firm Behavior: Evidence from African Ports

This paper investigates how corruption affects firm behavior. Using an original and unusually rich dataset on bribe payments at ports matched to firm-level data, we observe how firms adapt to different types of corruption by adjusting their transport strategies. Our results suggest that firms respond to the price effects of corruption, organizing production in a way that increases or decreases demand for the public service.
Currency Unions Cannot Defy Gravity - Mind the Curves and (Slippery) Slopes

It is commonly argued that existing gravity models over-estimate a currency union’s impact on bilateral trade because of a failure to adequately account for nonlinearities. Here, we argue that a common currency may alter the slope of the relationship between bilateral trade and factors such as distance and GDP. To account for this nonlinearity, we interact the currency union dummy with GDP, per-capita-GDP and distance. We find that the interaction terms are often statistically significant. Their inclusion substantially reduces the currency union effect. While introducing quadratic regressors also shrinks the “Rose effect”, the interaction terms have a greater dampening impact.
Humic acid and enzymes in canola-based broiler diets: Effects on bone development, intestinal histomorphology and immune development

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of humic acid and enzymes on bone development, histomorphology of internal organs and the incidence of rickets in broiler chickens fed canola-based diets. In the study, Cobb 500 broiler chicks were used and the following five dietary treatments were administered: control (commercial diet); CM (17.5% canola meal inclusion); CMEnz (17.5% CM inclusion + 0.3g/kg Axtra XAP); CMPh (17.5% CM inclusion + 1.5% potassium humate (PH)); and CMEnzPh (17.5% CM inclusion + 1.5% PH + 0.3g/kg Axtra XAP). These diets were formulated and randomly allocated to 20 pens (experimental units), each housing 11 birds. The birds were phase fed, with the starter diet being given to all birds from day 1 to day 14. During the grower (days 15–28) and finisher phases (days 29–42) birds were fed the experimental diets. Diet differed significantly across all treatments on latency-to-lie (LTL) test. Broilers fed CMEnz had the lowest standing persistence (2.88 ± 2.69 min) and those on CMEnzPh had the highest (11.19 ± 2.69 min), followed by those offered the control diet (9.05 ± 2.69 min). Gross lesion analysis displayed high prevalence of rickets in boilers fed CMEnz diet compared with all other dietary treatments. Intestinal morphometric parameters demonstrated some dietary differences in the height and width of the intestinal villi and intestinal crypts. In conclusion, inclusion of humic acid in canola-based diets appeared to positively influence digestion and assimilation dynamics that were consequential to the improvement in bone and immune development in broilers. Keywords : Bursae of Fabricius, latency-to-lie, poultry, thymus, tibia biomechanics, tibia gross lesions
Opinions and attitudes of wine consumers utilizing focus group.

The objective of this work was to understand the opinions, attitudes and the perceptions of wine consumers using the focus group technique. 24 wine consumers were selected through a recruitment questionnaire to participate in the focus group. Three focus group sessions were carried out, with eight consumers in each. It was veriﬁ ed that the factors most observed by the consumers at the time of wine purchase were brand (71%), origin (75%) and price (75%). In relation to the type of wine, 50% of the participants prefer suave red wine. The factors that inﬂ uence the purchase process and consumer preference are different in relation to the evaluation of consumers and specialists.
The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence

Members of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10–12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non‐numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinal‐level study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders. We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages.
The Concept of Educational Leadership: Exploring Macro-level Facets

At the dawn of the twenty first century, there is anticipation for better educational reforms both at thestructural and functional level. Heck and Hallinger (2005) have observed that although variousdisciplinary and interdisciplinary movements, in their attempt to understand the history of educationalleadership, have critically approached the issue; at a practical level all efforts still reside in the sameindividualistic resort. Authors have cited ample research dictating the processes of leadership inorganizations both at individual and collective level (Bass, 1990; Knipe & Maclay, 1972; Heine, 1971;Hogg, 2001; Sinha, 1980; Yukl, 1998, 2002) however, in the arena of educational settings, theleadership process has inadvertently been a neglected issue. Educational leadership as a conceptwas studied more in terms of leadership style of principal in school context (Bush, 2007), distributivepractices (Spillane, Halverson, & Diamond, 2004), or comparison of different cultures (Tang, Yin, &Min, 2011). However, a more critical stance of educational leadership at the macro-level – a dimensionwhich affects the lives of individuals in the long run was not much emphasized. The manner in whichHofstede (1980) questioned the applicability of American leadership theories abroad apparentlyseems limited when compared with the universalized approach of educational leadership as emergingdiscipline. This universalization of the concept of educational leadership defies the ontology of itssocio-political system and is epistemologically seeking space in inflated way. Why the psychology ofindividuals in any enterprise or educational setting is not the same pertains more to socio-politicalsystems, cultural endorsements, polarization of culture at the hands of educational leaders and also toideological framework which shapes the psychology in different way (Kincheloe, 1999). Tracing the
Developing a Teacher Evaluation Model: The Impact of Teachersâ?? Attitude toward the Performance Evaluation System (PES) on JobSatisfaction and Organizational Commitment with the Mediating Role of Teachersâ?? Sense of Efficacy

The objective of this paper was to design, develop and evaluate a causal model of teachers’ attitude toward the performance evaluation system (PES) with the mediating role of teachers’ sense of efficacy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study population included all teachers of male-only high schools in Tehran. 117 teachers were selected as the sample population using availability sampling. The present study is an applied research in terms of its objective and a descriptive research in terms of its data collection method. Furthermore, the study uses a correlational research design through structural equation modeling. In order to measure the study variables, the following questionnaires were used: Teachers’ Attitude toward Performance Evaluation, Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. The results showed that teachers’ attitude toward the performance evaluation system had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and self-efficacy. Also, teachers’ sense of efficacy had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Moreover, the results showed that teachers’ attitude to the performance evaluation system had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment with the mediating role of self-efficacy. Thus, the present study verified the causal model of teachers’ attitude toward the performance evaluation system with the mediating role of teachers’ sense of efficacy. Finally, the structural equation modeling reflects the positive impact of teachers’ attitude toward Iran’s Ministry of Education’s employee performance evaluation system on job satisfaction, sense of efficacy and organizational commitment.
Navigating the double bind: Transformations to balance contextual responsiveness and authenticity in women’s leadership development

Abstract Women leaders’ double bind arises from followers’ contradictory expectations that are rooted in the societal female gender role and the organizational leader role. Using qualitative data from alumnae of the Women’s Leadership Series (WLS) of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, this paper examines whether and how formal training enables women to more effectively navigate this double bind. Findings show that the WLS fostered four types of leadership transformations: hidden to visible leadership, inflexible to receptive leadership, attenuated to expanded leadership, and discouraged to inspired leadership. Interpreting these transformations through the lens of three ideas from the leadership effectiveness literature—context, authenticity, and behavior—this paper proposes a grounded theory, dual contingency model of leadership effectiveness for women. The model suggests that effective leadership behavior accounts for the demands of context and authenticity and identifies four unique pathways through which inattention to either contingency arises and how imbalance is identified and balance is restored. By elucidating these four pathways, the model enriches the literature on leadership effectiveness and provides insights into how women may successfully navigate the double bind.
The Importance of Electroencephalogram Assessment for Autistic Disorders

Abstract Autistic disorders are a set of complex syndromes that lead to challenges impacting communication, behavior repertoire, and social skills. The etiology of autism is unknown but is likely epigenetic in nature. It is likely associated with an inflammatory process leading to neuroinflammation in early childhood. Autistic disorders include seizures in approximately one-third of the cases and there are often regions of brain dysfunction associated with neural connectivity anomalies. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is presented as a premiere tool to assess these difficulties due to its' non-invasive nature, availability and utility in detailing these difficulties. Techniques for seizure detection, monitoring, and tracing their propagation are shown. Similar approaches can then be utilized for assessing EEG oscillations, which are at the heart of these neuronal regulation dysfunctions. Autistic disorders are clearly associated with regions of dysfunction and quantitative electroencephalogram strategies f.
Effect of Continuous Cropping on Soil Chemical Properties and Crop Yield in Banana Plantation

The effects of banana continuous cropping on soil quality and chemical properties and crop yield were investigated under continuous cropping for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 years in Hainan province, China. The results indicated that the contents of total N, total K, available K, NH 4-N, exchangeable Ca, and available Cu tended to increase, while total organic C (TOC), available S, and available Zn tended to decrease with the increase of continuous cropping years at the four sampling stages. The contents of exchangeable Mg and available Fe and Mn were higher in the 3, 5, 7, and 10 years than in the 1 and 15 years at the four sampling stages. The values of pH, the contents of total P and available P decreased from 1 to 5 years and increased from 7 to 15 years at most of the sampling stages. Overall, average banana yield increased from 1 to 3 years and decreased afterwards. In conclusion, banana continuous cropping deteriorated soil quality as evidenced by increase of soil acidity, decrease of total organic C, accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Cu, deficiency of Mg, S, Fe, Mn, and Zn and accompanying decline in banana yield. In order to improve the soil environment and sustain higher productivity under continuous-banana cropping system, application of balanced rate of fertilizers is of considerable importance.
Echinoderm egg and larval quality as a function of adult nutritional state

Les differences dans la qualite des oeufs et des larves de quelques oursins et etoiles de mer ont ete recherchees en milieu naturel et au laboratoire. Dans le milieu naturel, les oursins et les etoiles presents dans des zones ou la nourriture est abondante, produisent un grand nombre d'oeufs de grande taille et de haute qualite. Mais chez les trois especes d'oursins cotiers et une espece profonde elevees en laboratoire, la quantite et la qualite de la nourriture n'affecte pas la taille des oeufs. La reponse a la variation du taux de nourriture au laboratoire, chez certaines etoiles de mer femelles, est conditionnee par les conditions de nutrition anterieures. Si un accroissement de la ration alimentaire n'affecte pas la taille des oeufs produits par les femelles dans des conditions naturelles favorables, il conduit par contre a une augmentation de leur taille dans les sites les plus trophiquement defavorises. Chez tous les echinodermes examines, le nombre d'œufs decroit quand les conditions deviennent defavorables. Les larves des femelles vivant dans un environnement qui leur est propice grandissent et se developpent plus vite et ont une meilleure survie. Les larves d'oursins se metamorphosent en plus grand nombre lorsqu'elles sont issues de femelles vivant dans le bonnes conditions, au contraire de celles provenant de femelles presentes dans un environnement moins favorable. Quant a la taille des juveniles, elle varie en fonction des conditions de nutrition anterieures chez les etoiles de mer mais pas chez les oursins. Un grand nombre de juveniles de bonne qualite sont produits par les etoiles de mer de sites favorables. Les differences dans la qualite des œufs et des larves observees en milieu naturel pourraient etre dues a des differences, selon les sites, dans l'abondance des algues (pour certains oursins) ou des mollusques (pour certaines etoiles de mer) preferentiellement consommes. Au laboratoire, les reponses a la nourriture disponible sont egalement influencees par l'etat nutritionnel et le stade de reproduction des femelles au moment de leur recolte et par la duree de l'experimentation.
LOAD REDUCTION IN WIND ENERGY CONVERTERS USING INDIVIDUAL PITCH CONTROL

To capture the maximum amount of energy with low cost, wind turbine should be large and individual pitch control (IPC) technique has to be considered. Asymetric loads on the rotor blades experienced by wind speed and gravitational force might cause fatigue and damage to the blades. Consequently, it is important to consider health monitoring of the wind energy converters to detect early structural problems. For this purpose, reliable and efficient optical grating sensors are added at the root of the blades to sense stresses and strains caused by the wind and the gravitational forces. The purpose of this work is to develop a simple model of the blade to study the moments generated by the wind and the gravity at each blade. It is shown that the calculated values of the strains and stresses agree with the values previous calculations.