Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and vorticity in Galaxy clusters generated by structure formation

Turbulence is a key ingredient for the evolution of the intracluster medium, whose properties can be predicted with high resolution numerical simulations. We present initial results on the generation of solenoidal and compressive turbulence in the intracluster medium during the formation of a small-size cluster using highly resolved, non-radiative cosmological simulations, with a refined monitoring in time. In this first of a series of papers, we closely look at one simulated cluster whose formation was distinguished by a merger around $z \sim 0.3$. We separate laminar gas motions, turbulence and shocks with dedicated filtering strategies and distinguish the solenoidal and compressive components of the gas flows using Hodge-Helmholtz decomposition. Solenoidal turbulence dominates the dissipation of turbulent motions ($\sim 95\%$) in the central cluster volume at all epochs. The dissipation via compressive modes is found to be more important ($\sim 30 \%$ of the total) only at large radii ($\geq 0.5 ~r_{\rm vir}$) and close to merger events. We show that enstrophy (vorticity squared) is good proxy of solenoidal turbulence. All terms ruling the evolution of enstrophy (i.e. baroclinic, compressive, stretching and advective terms) are found to be significant, but in amounts that vary with time and location. Two important trends for the growth of enstrophy in our simulation are identified: first, enstrophy is continuously accreted into the cluster from the outside, and most of that accreted enstrophy is generated near the outer accretion shocks by baroclinic and compressive processes. Second, in the cluster interior vortex stretching is dominant, although the other terms also contribute substantially.
Effects of Inconsistent Information on Text Processing: Evidence for Comprehension Monitoring. Technical Report No. 203.

EXPOSITORY PASSAGES containing either main point inconsistencies, detail inconsistencies, or no inconsistencies were presented sentence by sentence to 90 college students. Subjects read through the passages at their own pace and were encouraged to reread previous sections of text whenever they wished. As expected, subjects spent more time on sentences containing information that conflicted with information presented elsewhere, and they looked back more often at inconsistent sentences. These modifications in processing indicate that the subjects monitored their comprehension as they were reading, evaluating whether the ideas expressed in the text were consistent with one another. Several post-reading measures provided additional support for this conclusion. The relationship between text processing and subsequent identification of the inconsistencies was also examined. Individual and intra-individual differences were found both in processing strategies and in detection of the inconsistencies.
Haptic Feedback and Motor Disability : A Preliminary Study

The haptic feedback, natural for assistive devices intended for persons with visual disability, has been explored only recently for people with motor disability. The aim of this work is to study its potentialities in this context, and more particularly to assist to the powered wheelchairs control. After a bibliographical study on this question, we propose to model the wheelchair piloting task with an alternative of the classical Fitts law. The goal is to objectively evaluate the interest of a force feedback on the control joystick of an electric wheelchair.
Novel linear and nonlinear optical signal processing for ultra-high bandwidth communications

The thesis is articulated around the theme of ultra-wide bandwidth single channel signals. It focuses on the two main topics of transmission and processing of information by techniques compatible with high baudrates. The processing schemes introduced combine new linear and nonlinear optical platforms such as Fourier-domain programmable optical processors and chalcogenide chip waveguides, as well as the concept of neural network. Transmission of data is considered in the context of medium distance links of Optical Time Division Multiplexed (OTDM) data subject to environmental fluctuations. Solutions are developed towards real time adaptation of parameters to optimize the signal quality. Temperature drifts, changes in strain and vibrations can cause the properties of optical fibres to randomly oscillate. Based on a single quality indicator of the signal, we show that a multivariate optimization algorithm can concurrently control multiple sources of impairments. We experimentally demonstrate simultaneous compensation of differential group delay and multiple orders of dispersion at symbol rates of 640 Gbaud and 1.28 Tbaud. The high speed monitoring of the signals is performed via an integrated all-optical RF-spectrum analyzer implemented on a dispersion-engineered chalcogenide ridge waveguide. Signal processing at high bandwidth is envisaged both in the case of elementary post-transmission analog error mitigation and in the broader field of optical computing for high level operations (optical processor). A key innovation is the introduction of a novel four-wave mixing scheme implementing a dot-product operation between wavelength multiplexed channels. The scheme is first used as a linear distortion compensator to demonstrate error-free operation. It is then proved as a format transparent hash-key comparator for all-optical error detection in links encoded with advanced modulation formats. The complete experimental setup also includes a novel reconfigurable optical hash-key generator based on Fourier domain processing. Finally, the work presents groundbreaking concepts for compact implementation of an optical neural network as a programmable multi-purpose processor. The proposed architecture leverages the parallelism of frequency division multiplexing and the reconfigurability of Fourier domain optical processors to implement neural networks with several nodes on a single optical nonlinear
The shapes and alignments of dark matter halos

We present measurements of the triaxial dark matter halo shapes and alignment correlation functions in the Millennium and Millennium-2 dark matter N-body simulations. These two simulations allow us to measure the distributions of halo shapes down to 10% of the virial radius over a halo mass range of 6 × 109–2 × 1014 h−1M⊙. We largely confirm previous results on the distributions of halo axis ratios as a function of halo mass, but we find that the median angle between halo major axes at different halo radii can vary by a factor of 2 between the Millennium-1 and 2 simulations because of the different mass resolution. Thus, error in the shape determinations from limited resolution is potentially degenerate with the misalignment of halo inner and outer shapes used to constrain Brightest Cluster Galaxy alignments in previous works. We also present simplifying parameterizations for the 3-D halo-mass alignment correlation functions that are necessary ingredients for triaxial halo models of large-scale structure and models of galaxy intrinsic alignments as contaminants for cosmic shear surveys. We measure strong alignments between halos of all masses and the surrounding dark matter overdensities out to several tens of h−1 Mpc, in agreement with observed shear-galaxy and cluster shape correlations. We use these measurements to forecast the contribution to the weak lensing signal around galaxy clusters from correlated mass along the line-of-sight. For prolate clusters with major axes aligned with the line-of-sight the fraction of the weak lensing signal from mass external to the cluster can be twice that predicted if the excess halo alignment correlation is assumed to be zero.
Practical EFL Techniques for Teaching Arabic-Speaking Students.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$2.06 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS *Arabic; *ContrastiveLinguistics; Dialects;. *English ,(Second Language); Interference (Language Learning); *Language Instruction; Language Variation; Official Languages;, Paragraph Composition; Phonology; Promunciatirm Rhetoric; *Second Language Learning;, Syntax; Teaching Methods; Vocabulary; Writing N Skills IDENTIFIERS . Classical Arabic; Modern -Standard Arabic
Identificación de hongos mucorales causantes de la pudrición blanda en frutos de papaya (Carica papaya L.) en México

MA©xico es uno de los principales productores de papaya a nivel mundial; sin embargo, la producciA³n es afectada por enfermedades fungosas, siendo la pudriciA³n blanda de frutos una causa de pA©rdidas en precosecha y en poscosecha. La enfermedad es comAon; sin embargo, la informaciA³n acerca de los agentes causales es escasa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar a los hongos mucorales causantes de pudriciA³n blanda mediante caracterizaciA³n morfolA³gica y molecular. Se recolectaron frutos enfermos durante el periodo mayo-octubre de 2014 en Colima, Veracruz y Oaxaca. Se aislaron hongos mucorales, se determinA³ la patogenicidad con los postulados de Koch y se registraron datos de estructuras fAongicas. La caracterizaciA³n molecular se realizA³ mediante anAilisis de las regiones ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 y 28S (LSU) ribosomal. La identificaciA³n de las especies se confirmA³ por comparaciA³n con secuencias del Genbank y anAilisis filogenA©tico. Las cepas aisladas en este estudio se ubicaron en clados monofilA©ticos soportando a las especies Gilbertella persicaria que se encontrA³ en los tres estados muestreados, Mucor irregularis en Veracruz y Rhizopus oryzae en Oaxaca, como los agentes causales de pudriciA³n blanda en papaya. Este es el primer reporte de M. irregularis y R. oryzae afectando frutos de papaya en MA©xico. Aunque G. persicaria ya se ha reportado causando enfermedad en Colima, aquA­ se demuestra su distribuciA³n en Oaxaca y Veracruz.
Improving students' attitudes to chance with games and activities

A study was undertaken to implement a series of chance games and activities in a Year 7 classroom, and investigate the students' knowledge about probability concepts, as well as their attitudes to chance. Evidence was found for significant short-term improvements in students' enjoyment and motivation relating to chance, decreases in anxiety about chance, and improvements in students' perceptions about the usefulness of learning about chance.
An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi

Vi (visual) is a display oriented interactive text editor. When using vi the screen of your terminal acts as a window into the file which you are editing. Changes which you make to the file are reflected in what you see. Using vi you can insert new text any place in the file quite easily. Most of the commands to vi move the cursor around in the file. There are commands to move the cursor forward and backward in units of characters, words, sentences and paragraphs. A small set of operators, like d for delete and c for change, are combined with the motion commands to form operations such as delete word or change paragraph, in a simple and natural way. This regularity and the mnemonic assignment of commands to keys makes the editor command set easy to remember and to use. Vi will work on a large number of display terminals, and new terminals are easily driven after editing a terminal description file. While it is advantageous to have an intelligent terminal which can locally insert and delete lines and characters from the display, the editor will function quite well on dumb terminals over slow phone lines. The editor makes allowance for the low bandwidth in these situations and uses smaller window sizes and different display updating algorithms to make best use of the limited speed available. It is also possible to use the command set of vi on hardcopy terminals, storage tubes and ‘‘glass tty’s’’ using a one line editing window; thus vi’s command set is available on all terminals. The full command set of the more traditional, line oriented editor ex is available within vi; it is quite simple to switch between the two modes of editing.
Comparison of Event‐Related Potentials of Young Children and Adults in a Visual Recognition and Word Reading Task

Investigated differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) of 12 young children (aged 5-6 yrs) and 10 young adults (aged 20-32 yrs) who were required to perform a word-reading and a picture-recognition task. Principal components analyses were performed on the averaged ERPs in 2 ways: (a) separately for each of 4 combinations of tasks and age groups and (b) separately for each age group (pooled across tasks). Results demonstrate that children's ERPs were characterized by a long-latency negative component (N500) and a slow positive wave (SW) component, and adults' ERPs were characterized by 2 late positive components (P340 and SW). Both children and adults showed an earlier positive component that varied in peak latency between 280 msec for children and 240 msec for adults. Adults showed a marked increase in SW positivity in the word-reading task as compared with the picture-recognition task, while task effects were less manifest in the components of children. Results support the notion that children and adults differ both in speed and mode of processing under the different task requirements.
Inflectional morphology in the literacy of deaf children.

Severe literacy impairments are well documented in the deaf population. Morphology provides a source of text-to-meaning associations that should be available to the deaf. In this thesis, different levels of morphological awareness necessary for literacy were tested. Deaf children demonstrated that they associated morphologically related words – the first level of awareness. This was evidenced in a short-term memory task in which words sharing morphological overlap were confused more often than words sharing orthographic or semantic overlap (although these associations may have involved the combined effects of orthographic and semantic overlap). Deaf children also demonstrated knowledge of morphological generalisation (the second level of awareness) by producing predicted plural nonword spellings and over-regularisations. Finally, they demonstrated morpho-syntactic awareness – in a self-paced reading task they revealed sensitivity to subject-verb number agreement. However, deaf children demonstrated limited knowledge of irregular plural nouns and of morpho-syntax. In the self-paced reading task, they were slow to perform syntactic integration and they failed to make explicit use of agreement in a judgement task. Furthermore, even reading-age appropriate morphological awareness represents a substantial chronological delay. The findings therefore suggest that deaf children could benefit from explicit education in morphographic rules and exceptions as well as training in morpho-syntax
Parallelized Deep Neural Networks for Distributed Intelligent Systems

We present rigorous analysis of distributed intelligent systems, particularly through work on large-scale deep neural networks. We show how networks represent functions, and examine how all functions and physical systems can be learned by an infinite number of neural networks. Stressing dimensionality reduction as key to network optimization, we study encoding, energy minimization, and topographic independent components analysis. We explain how networks can be parallelized along local receptive fields by asynchronous stochastic gradient descent, and how robustness can increase with adaptive subgradients. We show how communication latency across an InfiniBand cluster grows linearly with number of computers, a positive result for large-scale parallelization of neural networks via message passing. We also present results of a topographic hierarchical network model of the human visual cortex on the NYU Object Recognition Benchmark.
FPGA technology mapping for fracturable look-up table minimization

Modern commercial Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architectures contain lookup-tables (LUTs) that can be “fractured” into two smaller LUTs. The potential to pack two LUTs into a space that could accommodate only one LUT in traditional architectures complicates FPGA technology mapping’s resource minimization objective. Previous works introduced edge recovery techniques and the concept of LUT balancing, both of which produce mappings that pack into fewer fracturable LUTs. We combine these two ideas and evaluate their effectiveness for one commercial and four academic FPGA architectures, all of which contain fracturable LUTs. When combined, edge-recovery and LUT balancing yield a 9.0% to 16.1% reduction in fracturable LUT use, depending on the architecture. We also present a modified technology mapping algorithm called MO-Map that reduces fracturable LUT utilization by 9.7% to 17.2%.
Modelling: Difficulties for Novice Engineering Students

The purpose of this work is to study the different responses and reactions of novice students when a real problematic situation is presented with different degrees of specification in the given information. The main objective is to achieve a deeper understanding of the difficulties in the modelling process. The research was developed in two stages and it was focused on the structuring of the real model (strategies, assumptions, feasibility, self-evaluation), the mathematical model and mathematising processes, and the incidence of working conditions.
Force Shading for Haptic Shape Perception

This paper proposes a novel haptic rendering algorithm and describes a perceptual experiment that demonstrates its effectiveness in causing humans to perceive shapes during manual interactions with virtual environments. The algorithm, called “Force Shading” (analogous to Phong Shading for visual displays), refers to a controlled variation in the direction of the force vector displayed by the haptic renderer for the purpose of creating the illusion of a non-flat shape on a nominally flat surface. Experiments on shape perception were done on 5 subjects using the Phantom as the haptic interface device. In these experiments, subjects manually explored the haptic display of various virtual polyhedral approximations of a circular cylindrical bump, with or without force shading. They then indicated the perceived shape by selecting one from a menu of shapes displayed on a computer monitor. Without force shading, the subjects accurately identified the polyhedral nature of the virtual bumps. With force shading, however, the subjects identified the polyhedral approximations as feeling closer to that of a smooth cylinder. The higher the number of polygons, the higher was the percentage of trials in which the shape was identified with a smooth cylinder.
Group decision making and temporal reasoning

The more capable and autonomous computer systems become, the more important it is for them to be able to act collaboratively, whether in groups consisting solely of other computers or in heterogeneous groups of computers and people. To act collaboratively requires that systems have effective group decision-making capabilities. This thesis makes four important contributions to the design of group decision-making mechanisms and algorithms for deploying them in collaborative, multi-agent systems. First, it provides an abstract framework for the specification of group decision-making mechanisms that computer agents can use to coordinate their planning activity when collaborating with other agents. Second, it specifies a combinatorial auction-based mechanism that computer agents can use to help them decide, both individually and collectively, whether to engage in a collaborative activity. Third, it extends the theory of Simple Temporal Networks by providing a rigorous theoretical analysis of an important family of temporal reasoning problems. Fourth, it provides sound, complete and polynomial-time algorithms for solving those temporal reasoning problems and specifies the use of such algorithms by agents participating in the auction-based mechanism.
Analisis Potensi Ekspor Ikan Sarden Indonesia di Negara-Negara Afrika Periode Tahun 2010 sampai 2014

RIZKA SUCI RAHMADHANI. Analysis of the Export Potentioal of Indonesia’s Sardine in African States for the Period 2010 to 2014. Supervised by SRI MULATSIH. African region is a country that has a potential market to increase the value of Indonesia's exports. Sardines are commodity sector industrial output potential to increase exports of Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of sardines in the African region and determine the factors that affect Indonesian exports sardines in Africa, especially Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, Mauritius and Sierra Leone. Namely the analysis period 2010 to 2014 by using analysis of RCA, EPD, Porter's Diamond and Gravity Model with panel data analysis. The results showed that sardines Indonesia competitiveness in Africa and has a strong trade integration. The estimation results of sardines Indonesia EPD average in the position of Rising Star, Lost Opportunities, and Falling Star. The results of the analysis of the gravity models suggest that the variables that significantly affect the value of exports sardines kawasa Indonesia to Africa is real GDP destination country, the population of the country of destination, within the economy, and the export price.
Some Alternatives to Sympson-Hetter Item-Exposure Control in Computerized Adaptive Testing

TheHetter and Sympson (1997; 1985) method is a method of probabilistic item-exposure control in computerized adaptive testing. Setting its control parameters to admissible values requires an iterative process of computer simulations that has been found to be time consuming, particularly if the parameters have to be set conditional on a realistic set of values for the examinees’ ability parameter. Formal properties of the method are identified that help us explain why this iterative process can be slow and does not guarantee admissibility. In addition, some alternatives to the SH method are introduced. The behavior of these alternatives was estimated for an adaptive test from an item pool from the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). Two of the alternatives showed attractive behavior and converged smoothly to admissibility for all items in a relatively small number of iteration steps.