Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“If I can do it I will do it, if I can’t, I can’t”: a study of adaptive self-regulatory strategies following lower limb amputation

Abstract Purpose: To explore the goal-related strategies employed by people following lower limb amputation using a framework based on the dual-process model of adaptive self-regulation. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 individuals with a lower limb amputation. Results: Theoretical thematic analysis identified four broad assimilative/goal pursuit strategies; internal resource use, planning, technology use and help use. The most common strategies were maintaining a specific leisure activity (n = 20), seeking instrumental help (n = 15) and determination (n = 15). Three broad categories of accommodative/goal adjustment strategies were also identified; interpersonal accommodation, managing limitations and meaning-making. The most common were accepting limitations (n = 18), emotional support from friends and family (n = 17) and adjusting goals to constraints (n = 16). There was also evidence of strategies that combined the use of accommodative and assimilative strategies, and the use of avoidant strategies. Conclusions: The findings point towards key assimilative/goal pursuit and accommodative/goal adjustment strategies that may be adaptive following lower limb amputation. The study highlights the potential usefulness of the dual-process model in understanding how individuals adapt to functional disability, while bringing to light issues warranting further explication within this framework. Implications for Rehabilitation People adopt specific adaptive goal pursuit and goal adjustment strategies in response to goal disruptions following limb loss. Being aware of the processes involved in regulating goals in response to challenges is useful for understanding adjustment to limb loss. Greater understanding of adaptive and maladaptive goal strategies may help the rehabilitation team to foster positive outcomes in people with lower limb amputation.
Role of attitudes and intentions in predicting adherence to oral diabetes medications

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the extent to which patient attitudes and intentions predict adherence to the use of oral antihyperglycemic regimens in African Americans. This cross-sectional study of 115 participants used correlation analysis to establish relationships among patient attitudes, intentions and adherence. Data analyses showed significant correlations between the variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish predictions between the variables. A prediction model containing attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 37% of the variance to behavioral intention. Intentions accounted for 8.5% of the variance to adherence. Attitudes predicted behavioral intentions. The findings support the theory of planned behavior model and identify important correlations between attitudes, intentions and behaviors. In addition, the results underscore the need for promoting positive attitudes and positive intentions in effective adherence to the use of oral antihyperglycemic regimens. Achieving adequate adherence through behavioral counseling can effect positive social change by reducing the mortality and morbidity that are associated with inadequate adherence to the use of oral diabetic agents.
Clozapine in Parkinson's Disease Psychosis: 5-Year Follow-up Review

The objective of this study was to monitor the long-term effect of clozapine administered to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with psychosis. Confusion, visual hallucinations, and psychosis are major dose-limiting factors for long-term dopaminergic management of PD. Classic neuroleptic agents exacerbate the motor symptoms of the disease. For this reason, the introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs has been a major advancement for the management of psychosis in patients with PD. Of them, clozapine is one of the most effective. Thirty-two patients (mean age, 73 years; mean disease duration, 12.2 years) with PD and psychosis (DSM-IV), 14 of them with dementia (DSM-IV), were followed for 5 years with periodic clinical evaluation, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Parkinsonian Psychosis Rating Scale (PPRS) administered before and following the study (at least once in 6 months). Periodic blood count was performed for tracking neutropenia. Nineteen patients (8 with dementia) have continued to receive clozapine (mean daily dose, 50 mg). Thirteen patients stopped medication: 9 because symptoms improved and did not return after weaning off clozapine; 3 patients because of somnolence; and 1 because of personal reasons. The average duration of treatment in those in whom medication was stopped was 8.5 months (range, 1–24 months). No correlation was found between age, sex, duration, and severity of disease (Yahr scoring), the presence of dementia, and the response to clozapine. Also, the PPRS scoring did not influence clozapine response. No case of neutropenia was found. According to the experience accumulated and the results of the present study, the authors believe clozapine is the best therapeutic choice currently available for the management of psychosis in patients with PD.
Morphological and Histological Features of Human Fetal Thyroid Gland

Introduction: The thyroid gland regulates the basal metabolic rate, somatic growth, and psychic growth. Hence, the thyroid gland plays a major role for the normal growth of a fetus during the prenatal period. It is the first endocrine gland which starts to develop by 24 days after fertilization. The aim of our study is to study the morphological and histological features of the thyroid gland in various age group fetuses. Materials and Methods: 40 intact fetuses of different gestational ages ranging from 11 to 36 weeks were studied in the Department of Anatomy, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai. The fetuses were preserved in 10% formalin solution. Midline dissection of the neck was done to expose the thyroid gland. The situation, shape, and measurements of the gland were noted. Then, sections of the gland were taken for histological study. These sections which were preserved in 10% formalin was processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: It was observed that the thyroid gland was situated in its definitive location anterior to 1st-6th tracheal ring in all fetuses. The gland was horse-shoe shaped in all fetuses, except in one fetus (22 weeks), where isthmus was absent. The isthmus was related to 1-4th tracheal rings. The fetuses were categorized into three gestational age groups as: Group I: 10-17 weeks, Group II: 18-22 weeks, and Group III: 23-36 weeks. The mean and ranges of the length, breadth, and thickness of the right and left lateral lobes were measured in each group. The observation of the histological features revealed that development of thyroid gland has three stages as: Colloid formation stage, folliculogenesis stage, and mature follicular growth stage. These stages were correlated with gestational age. Conclusion: The present study helps us to understand and correlate the morphological and histological changes during the development of thyroid gland. Such knowledge helps the clinicians to understand the anatomical and histo-pathological changes in certain thyroid gland disorders.
Achieving symptomatic remission in out‐patients with schizophrenia – a naturalistic study with quetiapine

Objective: Symptomatic remission was defined as a score of mild or less on each of eight key schizophrenia symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS‐8). To evaluate the symptomatic remission criterion in clinical practice and to determine predictors for achieving symptomatic remission, a 12‐week non‐interventional study (NIS) with quetiapine was conducted in Germany.
Arbeitnehmermitbestimmung und die Europäische Aktiengesellschaft (SE): Eine empirische Analyse auf Länderebene

Dieser Beitrag untersucht, ob die Existenz nationaler gesetzlicher Regelungen zur Mitbestimmung auf Unternehmensebene ein Motiv zur Gründung Europäischer Aktiengesellschaften (Societas Europaea, SE) darstellt. Das Gesellschaftsrecht dieser supranationalen Rechtsform besitzt in weiten Teilen grenzübergreifende Gültigkeit. Hiervon ist auch der Bereich zur unternehmerischen Arbeitnehmermitbestimmung betroffen. Der Umfang von Mitbestimmungsrechten ist für die SE nicht, wie in vielen Mitgliedsstaaten des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums (EWR), explizit durch den Gesetzgeber vorgegeben, sondern wird zwischen Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern frei ausgehandelt. Durch ein gesetzlich vorgeschriebenes Mindestmaß an Mitbestimmung können die Eigentümer von Unternehmen finanzielle Verluste erleiden. In den betroffenen Ländern sollten die SE und frei ausgehandelte Beteiligungsrechte dementsprechend als attraktiver empfunden werden. Basierend auf einem selbst zusammengestellten Datensatz zeigen die Ergebnisse negativ binomialer Regressionsanalysen, dass die Existenz nationaler gesetzlicher Regelungen zur Arbeitnehmermitbestimmung einen positiven Einfluss auf die Anzahl von SE-Gründungen in einem EWR-Land hat.
Human CD59 Incorporation into Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Particles: Implications for the Use of Transgenic Pigs for Xenotransplantation

ABSTRACT Transgenic pigs have been engineered to express human CD59 (hCD59) in order to suppress hyperacute rejection of xenotransplants in human recipients. In this study, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) was produced in a porcine cell line expressing hCD59 in order to examine the effect of this complement control protein on PERV neutralization by human sera. hCD59 was found to be incorporated into PERV particles produced from engineered ST-IOWA cells. PERV incorporation of hCD59 resulted in a dramatic inhibition of complement-mediated virolysis by human serum. However, incorporation of hCD59 had no effect on neutralization of PERV by human serum, as measured in infectivity assays. Our results suggest that the use of organs from hCD59 transgenic pigs will inhibit complement-mediated virolysis, but will not compromise the protective effects of human sera on the neutralization of PERV particles.
Understanding Why People Enjoy Loud Sound

Abstract Sounds at levels that can injure the ear are regarded as enjoyable by many people. In many societies, a common form of this behavior is listening to loud music, either via personal audio systems or at music venues. Drawing on theory from the literature around loud sound and emotional responses to music, and combining it with concepts of physiological sound adaptation and classical conditioning, we developed a model of the process that may underlie people's enjoyment of loud sound, particularly loud music in nightclubs. The Conditioning, Adaptation, and Acculturation to Loud Music (CAALM) model proposes that the benefits associated with loud sound, alongside other desirable aspects of nightclubs, provide the unconditioned stimuli. Over time regular clubbers become conditioned to enjoy loud sound in itself. Exposure to loud sound also causes adaptation within the auditory system, so there is both a desire for, and tolerance of, loud sound during leisure time. This sets up an expectation of loud music as a cultural norm, and staff of leisure venues, who are themselves part of that culture, set music levels to meet customer expectations; and a cycle is perpetuated. This theory may be a useful consideration for health promotion and hearing conservation interventions.
Operative Management of Intraventricular Central Neurocytomas: An Analysis of a Surgical Experience with 32 Cases.

AIM To better understand the clinical characteristics of central neurocytoma (CN), as well as to assess the optimum therapeutic schedule. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 32 patients with CN who visited our department between January 2008 and January 2013. We analyzed the clinical and radiological presentations, tumor characteristics, surgical strategies, and the prognosis. RESULTS We performed operation guided by combined intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and neuronavigation in 25 patients. The iMRI detected residual tumor in 9 cases, and further resection was performed in 5 cases. Total and nearly total tumor resection was achieved in 29 cases (91%). There was no significant difference between transcortical and transcallosal approaches in complications. Two cases (6%) with recurrence received respectively repeat salvage surgery and radiosurgery at 46 and 50 months after surgery. Thirty patients (94%) had excellent functional outcome (Karnofsky Performance Score ≥80) and 28 patients (88%) resumed their occupations. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates radical surgery with excellent neurological outcomes is the primary treatment of CN. The techniques of resection guided by combined iMRI and neuronavigation seems to enable a higher complete resection rate and reduce the morbidity rate during surgery. We suggest careful clinical observation after initial surgery, and repeat salvage surgery or radiosurgery for recurrent CN.
Population changes of indigenous murine Candida pintolopesii under various experimental conditions and routes of inoculation

Fecal Candida pintolopesii population levels were found to be significantly affected by laparotomy-inoculation-Bollman apparatus restraint, laparotomy-inoculation, and a milk diet. Gastrectomized rats could not support yeast populations; in intact animals, yeast cells failed to colonize the gastrointestinal tract distal to the stomach. Copraphagia contributed little to stomach yeast populations, supporting the notion that stomach yeast growth occurs at fairly rapid rates.
Social and moral relationships with robotic others?

This work investigates the social and potentially moral relationships that humans have with what we refer to as robotic others. Our investigation begins by responding to some recent work in the literature that seeks to carve out the construct of "social robots". The construct is intriguing, yet in our view it may not be optimally framed to address two central issues. The first issue involves the ontological status of robots, of whether they currently are or in the future can actually be social. The second issue focuses psychologically on the nature of the human-robotic relationship, about how humans can and often do respond quickly and powerfully in social terms to robots, but also how the relationship is psychologically impoverished, may be fundamentally, especially from a moral perspective. To advance our argument, we draw on our research over the last few years on people's relationships with Sony's robotic dog AlBO, particularly one of our studies that analyzes the type of issues that people discuss in AIBO online discussion forums. Finally, building on our conceptual and empirical analyses, we offer five central considerations toward framing the human relationship with robotic others.
Use of Transgenic Plants with Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Antisense DNA to Evaluate the Rate Limitation of Photosynthesis under Water Stress

The biochemical lesion that causes impaired chloroplast metabolism (and, hence, photosynthetic capacity) in plants exposed to water deficits is still a subject of controversy. In this study we used tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) transformed with “antisense” ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) DNA sequences to evaluate whether Rubisco or some other enzymic step in the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle pathway rate limits photosynthesis at low leaf water potential ([psi]w). These transformants, along with the wild-type material, provided a novel model system allowing for an evaluation of photosynthetic response to water stress in near-isogenic plants with widely varying levels of functional Rubisco. It was determined that impaired chloroplast metabolism (rather than decreased leaf conductance to CO2) was the major cause of photosynthetic inhibition as leaf [psi]w declined. Significantly, the extent of photosynthetic inhibition at low [psi]w was identical in wild-type and transformed plants. Decreasing Rubisco activity by 68% did not sensitize photosynthetic capacity to water stress. It was hypothesized that, if water stress effects on Rubisco caused photosynthetic inhibition under stress, an increase in the steady-state level of the substrate for this enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), would be associated with stress-induced photosynthetic inhibition. Steady-state levels of RuBP were reduced as leaf [psi]w declined, even in transformed plants with low levels of Rubisco. Based on the similarity in photosynthetic response to water stress in wild-type and transformed plants, the reduction in RuBP as stress developed, and studies that demonstrated that ATP supply did not rate limit photosynthesis under stress, we concluded that stress effects on an enzymic step involved in RuBP regeneration caused impaired chloroplast metabolism and photosynthetic inhibition in plants exposed to water deficits.
Self-Efficacy for Refusal Mediated by Outcome Expectancies in the Prediction of Alcohol-Dependence Amongst Young Adults

The present study examined the relative importance of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy [1] in the prediction of alcohol dependence [2] and alcohol consumption in a sample of young adult drinkers drawn from a milieu previously reported as supportive of risky drinking. In predicting alcohol dependence, outcome expectancies were found to mediate self-efficacy and the same pattern was found for both males and females. This suggests that male and female drinkers may become more similar as they progress along the drinking continuum from risky drinking to dependent drinking. However, in women, in comparison to men, a greater array of expectancies and self-efficacy scales were found to predict heavy drinking, as measured by quantity and frequency. These results suggest that heavy drinking women are particularly at risk of developing drinking related complications and that preventative education needs to take into account gender differences.
[Prevalence and determinants of atypical presentation of acute coronary syndrome].

INTRODUCTION Knowledge of the characteristics of patients with atypical presentation of acute coronary syndromes may contribute to increased sensitivity in diagnosis in a given population. The purpose of this study is to quantify the prevalence of atypical presentation, to identify its determinants, and to describe the presenting symptoms in cases of acute coronary syndrome at the emergency department of Hospital São João, Porto. POPULATION AND METHODS Systematic sample of 288 emergency admissions with a confirmed diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in 2007. Atypical presentation was defined as absence of chest pain and/or syncope. RESULTS The prevalence of atypical presentation was 20.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.0 to 25.5], with no important variation by gender. It increased with age and was more frequent in cases of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In multivariate analysis, atypical presentation was associated with age [>70 versus ≤ 50 years, odds ratio (OR)=3.45; 95%CI: 1.03-11.61] and it was about four times less likely in the presence of history of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking. A history of heart failure was independently associated with a higher likelihood of acute coronary syndrome with atypical presentation (OR = 4.15, 95%CI 1.50-11.46). Among the 223 cases who had chest pain or discomfort, a growing, oppressive, prolonged (longer than 30 minutes), recurrent and episodic pain prevailed. Among other symptoms, dyspnea was the most frequently reported, either as the main symptom in cases of atypical presentation or concurrently with typical symptoms. DISCUSSION Factors associated with atypical presentation are consistent with those described in other populations. Using routine clinical data allowed access to a large data base on a representative sample of patients admitted to the emergency department of a third-level hospital that serves a large part of the local urban population. In medical records, data are unstandardized and heterogeneous in validity and detail. CONCLUSIONS One fifth of the episodes of acute coronary syndrome have atypical presentation, and this proportion is higher in older ages. Previous history of ischemic heart disease or its classical risk factors are associated with typical symptoms, while heart failure is associated with atypical presentation. Presentation in atypical cases is highly variable and does not allow the identification of a pattern that would justify lowering the threshold for suspicion of acute coronary syndrome.
Common Carotid Occlusion: Assessment of the Distal Vessels

In patients with common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion, successful vascular reconstruction can be performed if there is a patent internal or external carotid distal to the occlusion. Pre-operative selection of suitable candidates is often difficult because of the inability to visualize patent distal vessels with conventional angiography. In reviewing 24 patients operated upon for CCA occlusion since 1962, the distal internal or external carotid arteries were visualized in only four (17%) of the preoperative angiograms. When these 24 patients were explored, the internal carotid was found to be patent in 11 (46%) patients and the external patent in 15 (62%) cases. Of the 15 patients reconstructed, thromboendarterectomy was performed in six and saphenous vein bypass in nine. In the remaining nine patients, exploration revealed both the internal and external carotids to be thrombosed and unsuitable for CCA reconstruction. Recently we have used rapid sequential computerized tomography (RSCT) scanning to aid in the evaluation of the nonvisualized internal carotid artery (ICA). In two patients with CCA occlusion, RSCT correctly diagnosed patency of the ICA although it appeared to be occluded on angiography. Preliminary data suggest that RSCT will permit accurate preoperative selection of those CCA occlusion patients who are suitable surgical candidates and eliminate the need for surgical exploration.
Relationship Between Organizational Form and Organizational Memory: An Investigation in a Professional Service Organization

The goal of this research is to study the relation between organizational form (OF) and organizational memory (OM). It examines what kind of roles OM plays in different OFs--that is, how OM is used in organizational action--and whether changes in a firm's organizational form relate to changes in the role of OM. These relationships are examined in the context of how information technology (IT) is used to support organizational remembering. The study outlines different manifestations of OM in 1 company as it underwent major organizational transformations during a 3-year period. The manifestations are grouped into "bins," expanding the storage structure concept by Walsh and Ungson to include OM contents and processes of use. The bins are supplemented with an additional bin, the organizational information space, to address the collaborative aspect of OM. Another new construct, the organizational memory profile, is introduced to summarize the combination of OM manifestations in a particular organization at a p.