Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood and wellbeing in the early years

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether compositional and contextual factors relating to neighbourhoods in which children live can explain differences in their wellbeing, over and above factors at the individual and family level. Data collected on young children, sampled from advantaged, disadvantaged and ethnic minority electoral wards within the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) were used to explore the research objectives. 2001 census small area statistics were uniquely utilised to further characterise MCS wards. Multi-level statistical modelling techniques were employed to analyse these data. Findings suggest that individual and family level factors account for most of the differences in cognitive, behavioural and physical wellbeing. Wards in disadvantaged and ethnic minority areas were shown to be negatively associated with children's readiness to start school and their vocabulary abilities. Behavioural difficulties and the body mass index (BMI) of children were also associated with these wards. Alongside these factors, several subjective measures of the local area were associated with children's wellbeing. Poor local safety and problems with litter were negatively associated with school readiness and vocabulary skills respectively. Problems with noise, pollution, lack of places to play and poor access to shops were associated with children having behavioural difficulties. Problems with litter in the vicinity were also related to children having a higher BMI. Furthermore, some 2001 census small area statistics, characterising the demographic composition of each ward were also associated with child wellbeing. Wards with high numbers of children living in them were associated with poor school readiness scores and areas with high numbers of cohabiting childless couples were associated with children having lower vocabulary scores. Wards with high levels of female lone parents who were employed and married couples with children were associated with fewer child difficulties. None of these census factors were associated with BMI.
Intracellular signaling pathways involved in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias

La enfermedad de Parkinson es una de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas mas prevalentes en la actualidad. Se caracteriza por la muerte de las neuronas dopaminergicas de la substantia nigra pars compacta, lo que conlleva la subsecuente deplecion dopaminergica a nivel estriatal. La L-DOPA constituye desde su descubrimiento a principio de la decada de los sesenta el tratamiento de eleccion en la enfermedad de Parkinson, ya que es la terapia no invasiva mas eficaz para combatir los sintomas de esta enfermedad. A pesar de sus considerables beneficios, la administracion cronica de L-DOPA junto con el avance de la enfermedad provocan la aparicion de movimientos involuntarios anormales conocidos como disquinesias en la casi totalidad de los pacientes con mas de 10 anos de tratamiento. La disquinesia interfiere con los mecanismos fisiologicos de la actividad motora y, por tanto, constituye el desafio mas importante en la terapia antiparkinsoniana. Sin embargo, se desconocen en gran medida los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en las mismas. Trabajos previos de nuestro laboratorio demostraron que las disquinesias inducidas por L-DOPA estan causalmente relacionadas con la hiperestimulacion de los receptores dopaminergicos D1 (D1R). La L-DOPA activa la via de senalizacion del AMPc a traves de la proteina Gαolf, la cual acopla los D1R a la enzima adenilato ciclasa. Basandonos en trabajos anteriores que demuestran que los niveles de la proteina Goαlf son uno de los factores limitantes para la senalizacion mediada por el D1R, nosotros proponemos que la regulacion de Gαolf puede ser uno de los elementos implicados en la el mecanismo de hiperestimulacion de D1R.
The burdens of mental disorders : global perspectives from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Acknowledgements Part I. Introduction: 1. Burdens of mental disorders: the approach of the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys 2. Methods of the World Mental Health surveys Part II. Mental Disorders and Personal Disadvantages: 3. Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders 4. Associations between mental disorders and early termination of education 5. Mental disorders, marriage and divorce 6. Premarital mental disorders and risk for marital violence 7. Early-onset mental disorders and their links to chronic physical conditions in adulthood Part III. Mental Disorders and Productivity Losses: 8. Association between serious mental illness and personal earnings 9. Early-onset mental disorders and adult household income 10. Family burden associated with mental and physical disorders Part IV. Disability and Perceived Health Associated with Common Mental and Physical Disorders: 11. Days totally out of role associated with common mental and physical disorders 12. Partial disability associated with common mental and physical disorders 13. Disorder-specific disability and treatment of common mental and physical disorders 14. Disability associated with common mental and physical disorders 15. Perceived health associated with common mental and physical disorders 16. Decomposing the total associations of common mental and physical disorders with perceived health Part V. Implications and Future Directions: 17. The burden of mental disorders in the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study and the World Mental Health surveys: similarities, differences and implications for mental health research 18. The burdens of mental disorders: implications for policy 19. Conclusions and future directions Appendices Index.
The Association Between Chronic Aerobic Activity and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Poor heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is predictive of future incidence of sudden arrhythmic and all-cause death. Furthermore, mental stress appears to further depress HRV in these patients. Chronic aerobic activity level appears to be positively related to HRV among the general population; however, the extent to which this relationship exists among patients with CAD is not clear. Therefore, this study investigated the association between level of chronic aerobic activity and HRV among CAD patients during conditions of paced respiratory control and during the Stroop Color-Word Conflict Test (CWCT). CAD patients were assigned to one of three groups based on their documented volume of aerobic activity: lour = 240-630 kcals/week; mod = 720-920 kcals/week; and high = 1020-1800 kcals/week. These groups did not differ in age, Body-Mass-Index, or score on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Overcontrolled Hostility. Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were derived from ECG data obtained during 10 minutes of paced respiratory control and 5 minutes of performing the CWCT. There was a main effect of activity level (p<.05) on the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDrr) and the total spectral power (TP) such that these dependent variables were greater in the high group than in the low or mod group. There were no differences in normalized units for high-frequency or low-frequency power
Clinical Laboratory Medicine

A reference on theory, procedures and clinical applications of laboratory medicine for MLSO's technology students and technicians, this work is organized by discipline (such as microbiology and chemistry) and subdivided into systems (liver system, nervous system, etc.). The focus is on the rationale for ordering tests, interpreting results, general methodology and basic pathophysiology of disease states. There are step-by-step descriptions of all procedures and a discussion of important diagnostic methods and the scientific principles on which they are based.
Impact of Introducing Clinical Pharmacy Services in A Respiratory Diseases Clinic: A Report from North Cyprus

Aims: The Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPS) in hospitals is currently gaining attention in an effort to rationalize drug use in many developing countries. This study aims to introduce and evaluate ward-based CPS in a Respiratory Diseases clinic in North Cyprus and assess its efficacy and physician's perceptions toward the services. Study Design: A prospective interventional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the respiratory clinic from 01 December 2013, to 30 January 2014 at Near East University Hospital, in Nicosia, North Cyprus. Methodology: Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPS) were introduced and documented over the study period of 60 days in a tertiary university hospital. DTPs and Interventions were documented and classified using DTP classification tool obtained from previous studies, and later evaluated by an independent clinical committee for their feasibility. Physician’s attitudes and perceptions were evaluated before for and after introducing CPS's using a questionnaire tool. Results: 82.35% of the targeted physician's sample have responded to baseline survey, (n=17) majority (92%) did not have any previous interaction with clinical pharmacists, they generally well perceived and had high expectations to pharmaceutical care services in general. This further enhanced the post-implementation of CPS. 118 interventions were carried during the program, 86.6% accepted and regarded as clinically relevant. Interventions mostly related to cardiovascular agents. Add/ change/stop medications were the most common type of interventions (21%). Most common resultant outcome was to avoid adverse effects or toxicities. The intervention was significantly related to the number of drugs used (r=0,487; p=0,006), the rate of acceptance significantly was higher to services compared to DRP interventions (p<0.005). Conclusion: The introduction of CPS's lead to clinically relevant and highly accepted optimization of medicine use in different wards and clinics including respiratory diseases clinic in the case of this study, it was relatively well perceived by physicians, but also could be more valued if more optimized and practiced by talented proactive clinical pharmacists within a multidisciplinary team.
Survey of Current Difficult Airway Management Practice

BACKGROUND: Even for the most experienced anesthesiologists “can’t ventilate can’t intubate” scenario in difficult airway management is challenging, and although rare it is life-threatening. AIM: The aim of this survey was to analyse the current practice of difficult airway management at our University teaching hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A ten-question-survey was conducted in the Tertiary University Teaching Hospital “Mother Theresa”, Clinic for Anesthesia, Reanimation and Intensive Care. The survey included demographic data, experience in training anaesthesia, practice in management of anticipated and non-anticipated difficult airway scenario, preferable equipment and knowledge of guidelines and protocols. Responses were noted, evaluated and analysed with the SPSS statistical program. RESULTS: The overall response rate was very good; 94.5% answered the survey. During the assessment of the level of comfort with diverse airway equipment, there was diversity of answers due the experience of anaesthesia training, although the most frequent technique among all responders for anticipated difficult intubation was video laryngoscopy (48%). As for non-anticipated difficult intubation when conventional techniques failed to secure the airway most of the responders answered that they used supra-gothic airway device – laryngeal mask (38%) as a rescue measure. CONCLUSION: Airway assessment, adequate training, experience, and availability of essential equipment are the pillars of successful airway management.
Evidence of long‐lasting anti‐CD19 activity of engrafted CD19 chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells in a phase I study targeting pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ninety percent of relapse/refractory B‐cell acute lymphatic leukemia (R/R B‐ALL) patients can achieve complete remission (CR) after CD19‐targeting chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy. However, around 50% of them relapse in 1 year. Persistent CAR‐T cell engraftment is considered as the key to remain durable remission. Here, we initiated a phase I study to treat 10 pediatric B‐ALL patients using a CD19‐targeted second generation CAR with a 4‐1BB intracellular costimulatory domain. All patients received a standard fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) preconditioning regiment, followed by a CAR‐T infusion with a median number of 0.5 (0.3‐1.58) × 106 CAR+ T cells/kg. The pretreatment tumor burdens were high with a median bone marrow (BM) blasts percentage of 59.2% (7.31%‐86.2%), excluding one patient only with brain infiltration of leukemia cells (0% BM blasts). The initial CR rate was 80% (n = 8/10). Four patients (40%) experienced serious (grade > 2) cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and three patients (30%) with obvious neurotoxicity. Monthly assessments of CD19+ minimal residual disease (MRD) and CAR‐T engraftment demonstrated the anti‐CD19 activity of long‐term engrafted CAR‐T cell clones in one patient for more than 2 years.
Towards a non-living vaccine for shigellosis

Shigellosis is an acute invasive enteric infection caused by Shigella spp. with an incidence of 165 millions episodes leading to 1.1 millions deaths. Considering bacteria easily spread from person to person and the emergence of multidrug- resistant Shigella strains, WHO gave high priority for the development of a shigellosis vaccine in 1991. Unfortunately, none of the proposals have an acceptable success. On this context, our proposal is based of the employment of an acellular vaccine for mucosal administration, containing relevant antigens from Shigella. Moreover, in order to increase its efficacy, it was propose the use of nanoparticles as adjuvants. Considering pathogenesis of Shigella, we select outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as the subcellular extract. Since they are part of the outer membrane of bacteria, OMV extraction seems to be a effective strategy for isolation of the most relevant antigens of bacteria. Nevertheless, safety of this kind of subcellular vaccines is usually hampered with a lower inherent immunogenicity. Consequently, in order to obtain an adequate immune response and obtain a delivery system that allow mucosal administration, the antigenic extract from Shigella would be encapsulated in Gantrez® AN, a copolymer of ether and maleic anhydride (PMV/MA) with bioadhesive properties
Joint Action and Biochemichal Alteration in Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) against four Insecticides from Different Groups

Joint action and biochemical alteration in the 4 instar larvae of a laboratory strain of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), were evaluated under the laboratory condition against four insecticides from different groups namely: chlorpyrifos, chlorfluazuron, emamectin benzoate, pyrethrins. The toxicity effect for each single compound and binary mixture at levels 1:1, 1:2: and 2:1 from LC25 were evaluated. The study indicated that emamectin benzoate followed by chlorfluazuron proved to be the most effective compounds among all tested insecticides. The highest initial effect (76.66%) was obtained by mixing chlorpyrifos: chlorfluazuron at level 1:2, respectively. while the lowest initial effect (3.33%) was obtained as a result of mixing emamectin benzoate with pyrethrins at level 1:2, respectively, the same effect occurred with chlorpyrifos: pyrethrins at level 1:1. Changing in enzymatic activities as responses of treatment with mixtures at LC25 of all tested compounds, except for pyrethrins was studied at the recommended concentration, after 1and 3 days post treatment. Our study noticed that mixing of pesticides caused antagonism effect except chlorpyrifos plus pyrethrins at the ratio 2:1 caused potentiation effect. Under the effect of the tested insecticides the data showed increasing in total soluble protein and total lipids contents, reduction in carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (amylase, invertase and trehalase), increasing in transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) and reduction in phosphatase enzymes (ACP and ALP) activities . Our data recommend not to mix these insecticides due to the antagonistic effect.
The Composition and Diversity of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities Along an Urban-To-Rural Gradient in South China

Soil microbes are of great significance to driving the biogeochemical cycles and are affected by multiple factors, including urbanization. However, the response of soil microbes to urbanization remains unclear. Therefore, we designed an urban-to-rural gradient experiment to investigate the response of soil microbial composition and diversity to urbanization. Here, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to analyze the biotic and abiotic effects on soil microbial composition and diversity along the urban-to-rural gradient. Our results showed that soil bacterial diversity was the highest in urban areas, followed by suburban areas, and was the lowest in exurbs; however, fungal diversity did not vary significantly among the three areas. Plant traits, i.e., tree richness, shrub richness, the number of tree stems, diameter at breast height of trees, and soil properties, i.e., pH, soil organic carbon, soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and soil water content, were only significantly influenced bacterial diversity, but not fungal diversity. The effect of trees and shrubs was higher than that of herbs on microbial composition. Soil organic carbon, pH, soil available nitrogen, soil exchangeable calcium, and magnesium were the major soil factors influencing the soil bacterial and fungal composition. Soil properties had a greater influence on bacterial than on fungal composition at genus level, while plant traits contributed more to fungal than to bacterial composition at genus level. Our study suggests that the urban-to-rural gradient affect the composition and diversity of bacterial community as well as the fungal composition, but not the fungal diversity.
Increased Levels of Endothelin-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Are a Marker of Poor Visual Recovery after Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, typically features immune-mediated focal demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration. Cerebral hypoperfusion of the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) has been reported in MS patients and may be mediated by elevated levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a most potent vasoconstrictive peptide released from reactive astrocytes in MS focal lesions. Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most frequent manifestations of MS and also shows peripapillary vascular hypoperfusion in combination with disc swelling. Aims We aimed to compare serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of ET-1 as a potential prognostic marker of MS-ON in two groups of patients differing for severity of MS-ON clinical presentation. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study to compare serum and CSF levels of ET-1 between patients with clinically aggressive MS-ON (A-MS-ON) and nonaggressive MS-ON (NA-MS-ON) according to conventional ophthalmological criteria, including optical coherence tomography. CSF and serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured using a commercially available ELISA method. Results Sixteen patients consecutively referred to the Units of Neurology for visual disturbances attributable to MS were recruited, 11 (69%) patients with A-MS-ON and 5 (31%) with NA-MS-ON. Median CSF ET-1 levels and CSF/serum ET-1 quotient were significantly higher in patients with A-MS-ON (0.30 vs. 0.56 ng/ml) as compared to NA-MS-ON (0.16 vs. 0.16). Conclusions Severity and failure in the recovery from ON in MS patients may depend from vascular hypoperfusion of the optic nerve induced by high intrathecally produced ET-1, a potential prognostic marker of ON recovery in MS. The detection of CSF ET-1 levels may allow identifying groups of ON patients potentially benefitting from treatment with ET-1 antagonists (e.g., bosentan).
Microwave Whispering-Gallery-Mode Photoconductivity Measurement of Recombination Lifetime in Silicon

We present a whispering-gallery-mode resonance-enhanced microwave-detected photoconductivity-decay method for contactless measurement of recombination lifetime in highresistivity semiconductor layers. We applied the method to undoped Silicon wafers of high resistivity at 5 and 30 kOhm*cm and measured the conductivity relaxation times of 10 and 14 microseconds, respectively. In wafers being considered, they are supposed to be defined by the electron-hole diffusion from the bulk to the wafer surfaces.
THE INFLUENCE OF GALBLADDER ACUPRESSURE POINT 21 (JIAN JING) AND STOMACH 18 (RU GEN) IN INCREASEING BREASTMILK PRODUCTION

Background : The breast milk is the best food for the babies containing white blood cells, proteins and immune substances which are suitable for them. Various treatments have been applied to increase breast milk, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Among the nonpharmacological methods are complementary acupressure treatments which include gallbladder 21 (Jian Jing) and stomach 18 (Ru Gen). This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure points gallbladder 21 (Jian Jing) and stomach 18 (Ru Gen) on breast milk production in postpartum period. Methodology : This study used quasi experimental design with pretest posttest with control group design. The population of this study all postpartum mothers around the researcher’s work area in Ngesrep and Pegandan Health Center, Semarang City in May-June 2017 who met the inclusion criteria. The number of samples are 22 postpartum mothers who are in 3-7 postpartum days. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Results : The results showed that the difference of average baby weight as an indicator of breast milk production before and after intervention was 2889 grams to 2776 grams with a difference of 112 grams in the treatment group and 2901 grams to 2683 grams with a difference of 246 grams in the control group. The statistical independence tests showed that there was an effect of acupressure point gallbladder 21 (Jian Jing) and stomach 18 (Ru Gen) on breast milk production in postpartum period (p<0.001). Conclusion : From the results study, it is expected that acupressure can be socialized and applied among health workers as one of the techniques to facilitate breast milk production in postpartum period.