Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and perception of fall-related risk factors and fall-reduction techniques among community-dwelling elderly individuals.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Falls are a major cause of death and disability among older adults. Fall-related knowledge among community-dwelling elderly individuals, however, is unknown. The purposes of this study were to assess the perception of falling as a health problem, to determine the perceived importance of fall-related risk factors, and to identify personal characteristics and attitudes associated with perceived importance of fall-related risk factors among community-dwelling elderly people. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Resident council meeting attendees in 3 apartment buildings for elderly persons completed a self-administered survey (N=120). Items assessed factors influencing falls by the respondents (n=52) or falls among elderly persons (n=68). The data were analyzed by chi-square test, analysis of variance, and linear regression. RESULTS Falling during the previous month was reported by 10.1% of the subjects. Eighty-six percent of the subjects considered falling to be a preventable health problem and viewed falling as a moderately important concern compared with other health concerns. Exterior environmental factors such as pavement conditions and handrails were perceived as most likely to cause falls. The perceived personal likelihood of falling due to these risk factors was markedly lower compared with the perceived risk for other elderly persons. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The community-dwelling elderly individuals studied considered falls to be preventable and understood the importance of fall-related risk factors, but they did not consider themselves to be susceptible to falling.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Exclusive Breastfeed ing Practices among fathers who attend Primary Health Care Facilities in Suburban, Malaysia

Introduction: A father’s knowledge and attitude towards exclusiv e breastfeeding are very important factors that contribute to the success of exclusive breastfeeding practices. Objectives: This study aims to compare knowledge and attitude r egarding breastfeeding between fathers whose child was exclusively vs. not exclusively breastfed. Material and Method: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted o n 200 fathers. Convenient sampling was applied for the exclusive b reastfeeding group (cases) and systematic randomised sampling from an identified l ist with a ratio of 1:2 for the non- exclusive breastfeeding group (control). A self-adm inistered questionnaire on knowledge and attitudes with regards to exclusive breastfeeding p ractice was then distributed among these samplings. The sampling included the biological fat hers of a full-term and healthy singleton child of 6 months until 2 years of age. Participant s who were illiterate, diagnosed with psychiatric disorders or had children with congenit al disabilities, were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 196 respondents completed this study. There was no significant difference of knowledge and attitude scores between fathers wh ose child was exclusively vs. not exclusively breastfed. Conclusion: There was no difference in terms of knowledge and a ttitude of fathers between the exclusive vs. non-exclusive breastfeeding group .
Symbiotic symbolization by hand and mouth in sign language

Abstract Current conceptions of human language include a gestural component in the communicative event. However, determining how the linguistic and gestural signals are distinguished, how each is structured, and how they interact still poses a challenge for the construction of a comprehensive model of language. This study attempts to advance our understanding of these issues with evidence from sign language. The study adopts McNeill's criteria for distinguishing gestures from the linguistically organized signal, and provides a brief description of the linguistic organization of sign languages. Focusing on the subcategory of iconic gestures, the paper shows that signers create iconic gestures with the mouth, an articulator that acts symbiotically with the hands to complement the linguistic description of objects and events. A new distinction between the mimetic replica and the iconic symbol accounts for the nature and distribution of iconic mouth gestures and distinguishes them from mimetic uses of the mouth. Symbiotic symbolization by hand and mouth is a salient feature of human language, regardless of whether the primary linguistic modality is oral or manual. Speakers gesture with their hands, and signers gesture with their mouths.
Trophic relations of Opatrum sabulosum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) with leaves of cultivated and uncultivated species of herbaceous plants under laboratory conditions

Abstract We carried out a quantitative assessment of the consumption of herbaceous plants by Opatrum sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1761) – a highly significant agricultural pest species. We researched the feeding preferences of this pest species with respect to 33 uncultivated and 22 cultivated plant species. This species of darkling beetle feeds on many uncultivated plant species, including those with hairy leaves and bitter milky sap, such as Scabiosa ucrainca (5.21 mg/specimen/24 hours), Euphorbia virgata (3.45), Solanum nigrum (3.32), Centauria scabiosa (2.47), Lamium album (2.41), Aristolochia clematitis (1.76), Chenopodium album (1.73), Arctium lappa (1.51), Asperula odorata (1.20). A high rate of leaf consumption is also characteristic for cultivated species, for example, Perilla nankinensis (5.05 mg/specimen/24 hours), Lycopersicon esculentum (3.75), Tropaeolum majus (3.29), Nicotiana tabacum (2.66), Rumex acetosa (1.96), Beta vulgaris (1.27). Opatrum sabulosum is capable of feeding on plants which are poisonous to cattle. This species of darkling beetle consumes 95.5% of the cultivated and 48.5% of the uncultivated herbaceous plants researched.
Triangulating Simple Polygons and Equivalent Problems

It' has long been known that the complexity of triangulation of simple polygons having an upper bound of 0 (n log n) but a lower bound higher than ~(n) has not been proved yet. We propose here an easily implemented route to the triangulation of simple polygons through the trapezoidization of simple polygons, which is currently done in O(n log n). Then the trapezoidized polygons are triangulated in O(n) time. Both of those steps can be performed on polygons with holes with the same complexity. We also show in this paper that a number of problems, such as the decomposition of simple polygons into convex, star, monotone, spiral, and trapezoidal polygons and the determination of edgevertex visibility, are linearly equivalent to the triangulation problem and therefore share the same lower bound. It is hoped that this will simplify the task of reducing the gap between the lower and upper bound for these problems.
Drivers of green product adoption: the role of green perceived value, green trust and perceived quality

This study investigates the role of green perceived value, green trust and perceived quality on the adoption behavior of green consumers. A survey was conducted using a sample of 188 respondents and a partial least squares approach was used to validate the research model. The research results show that both green perceived value and perceived quality have a direct influence on green purchase intention. Green trust also mediates the relationship between green perceived value and green purchase intention, which in turn predicts purchase behavior regarding green products. The research results indicate that the drivers of green product adoption are represented by green perceived value, green trust and perceived quality. Marketers should be putting more emphasis on this relatively new approach to green marketing strategies to induce purchase and adoption of green products, thereby creating competitive advantages for the company.
Internal market orientation, market capabilities and learning orientation

Purpose – The purposes of this paper are to examine whether internal market orientation facilitates the development of external market capabilities, before influencing organizational performance, and to investigate whether learning orientation strengthens the aforementioned link. Design/methodology/approach – This study collected data through a survey and utilized moderated hierarchical regression analysis to examine the hypothesized relationships. Findings – Internal market orientation facilitates the development of both market capabilities and in turn enhances organizational performance. The result also shows that customer-linking capability is a stronger mediator between internal market orientation and organizational performance. Besides, learning orientation does not moderate the relationship between internal market orientation and external market capabilities. Research limitations/implications – This study only examines two market capabilities; considers only internal market orientation and does not .
Customer's relative loyalty: an empirical examination

This study proposes and empirically tests an integrated model of customer's relative loyalty (CRL), defined as the online customer's relative patronage toward the e-retail website compared to other websites. The proposed hypotheses relating the website quality dimensions, e-satisfaction, e-customers' attitude toward e-retail website, and CRL are tested using structural equation modeling. The study identifies six dimensions of the website quality for the online retail websites, namely aesthetics, information content, navigational quality, information quality, site organization, and interactivity. Results show that aesthetics, information content, navigational quality, and information quality affect CRL positively. We also found the positive impact of e-satisfaction and attitude toward website on CRL. A dimension-specific model of website quality and CRL provides useful insights as it is more likely to reflect the customers' mental representations of the customers' consumption experience at the website. This paper introduces and operationalizes the concept of CRL and tests an integrated model of the relationships between perceived website quality dimensions, e-satisfaction, and e-customer's attitude toward the e-retail website.
Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland.

Between September 1, 1981, and August 31, 1982, all patients with suspected or confirmed pneumonia among the 46,979 inhabitants of four municipalities in the province of Kuopio, Finland, were reported to a pneumonia register by their attending physicians. In addition, two study pathologists reported all cases of pneumonia found at autopsy, and two permanent registers were checked for retrospective identification of patients. Chest radiographs were obtained from 97% of all patients. The final diagnosis was based on radiologic or autopsy criteria. A total 546 patients (323 males and 223 females) had community-acquired pneumonia; of these, 37% were less than 15 years of age, and 31% were 60 years of age or older. Nineteen percent of the patients had defined chronic conditions, and 42% were admitted to hospital. The case fatality rate was 4%. The overall incidence of community-acquired pneumonia per 1,000 inhabitants per year was 11.6 (13.9 in males, 9.4 in females). The age-specific incidence per 1,000 inhabitants per year was as follows: age < 5 years, 36.0; age 5-14 years, 16.2; age 15-59 years, 6.0; age 60-74 years, 15.4; and age > or = 75 years, 34.2.
The Demand and Need for Transparency and Disclosure in Corporate Governance

Transparency and disclosure (T&D) are essential elements of a robust corporate governance framework as they provide the base for informed decision making by shareholders, stakeholders and potential investors in relation to capital allocation, corporate transactions and financial performance monitoring. The importance of transparency has been widely recognized by both academics and market regulators, resulting in numerous rules and regulations being introduced over time to ensure timely and reliable disclosure of financial information, creating standards to which companies must adhere. Today, transparency is taking on a new meaning of more comprehensive and proactive disclosures instead of the release of corporate governance details or policies in a 'reactive' fashion. The new concept of transparency putting more responsibilities on the corporation not only let the truth be available to the public but imposes to disclose it to every stakeholder and different stakeholder groups. Corporate governance in today's global environment has become more complex and dynamic in recent years due to increased regulatory requirements and greater scrutiny, creating increased responsibilities for board of directors to comply with rigorous governance standards and also to cope with increasing demand from shareholders and other stakeholders for T&D. Considerable attention has been focused on the corporate disclosure requirements and transparency since the Asian financial crisis. It has generally been agreed that the main failure leading to the financial crisis stemmed directly from the lack of financial disclosure and inadequate governance practices. Thus, corporations are now under pressure to provide timely, consistent and accurate information to shareholders and the public regarding financial performance, liabilities, control and ownership, and corporate governance issues. This is critical if investors are to be able to make informed judgments on the risks and rewards of any investment. On the other hand, the greater the extent of T&D, the greater the level of confidence in the operation of markets, and the greater is the access to capital financing. Due to the growing awareness of investors' rights, corporations should focus their efforts to elevate their T&D and overall level of corporate governance standards for the benefits of all their stakeholders.
Double Jeopardy Revisited

In any given time period, a small brand typically has far fewer buyers than a larger brand. In addition, its buyers tend to buy it less often. This pattern is an instance of a widespread phenomenon called “double jeopardy” (DJ). The authors describe the wide range of empirical evidence for DJ, the theories that account for its occurrence, known exceptions and deviations, and practical implications.
Anomaly Detection with Deep Perceptual Autoencoders

Anomaly detection is the problem of recognizing abnormal inputs based on the seen examples of normal data. Despite recent advances of deep learning in recognizing image anomalies, these methods still prove incapable of handling complex medical images, such as barely visible abnormalities in chest X-rays and metastases in lymph nodes. To address this problem, we introduce a new powerful method of image anomaly detection. It relies on the classical autoencoder approach with a re-designed training pipeline to handle high-resolution, complex images and a robust way of computing an image abnormality score. We revisit the very problem statement of fully unsupervised anomaly detection, where no abnormal examples at all are provided during the model setup. We propose to relax this unrealistic assumption by using a very small number of anomalies of confined variability merely to initiate the search of hyperparameters of the model. We evaluate our solution on natural image datasets with a known benchmark, as well as on two medical datasets containing radiology and digital pathology images. The proposed approach suggests a new strong baseline for image anomaly detection and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in complex medical image analysis tasks.
The Influence of Student Achievement on Teacher Turnover

Abstract Evidence on teacher behavior is essential for the understanding of the performance of school systems. In this paper we utilize rich data to study the teachers' quit decision in Norway. We distinguish between decisions to move between public schools within school districts, to another school district in the same labor market region, across labor market regions, and whether to leave public schools. The results indicate that the quit propensity to all four destinations is negatively related to student performance. The result is qualitatively independent of whether student performance is measured by examination results or teacher graduation.
Adoption of e-health in private and public hospitals : A case study of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing country in Southeast Asia, with more than 160 million people and not enough healthcare facilities to provide services to those in need. The country is struggling to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in healthcare through introducing e-health. This paper compares the development and implementation of e-health preferred generic tools, as defined by the World Health Organization, in the private and public hospitals in Bangladesh. Case study research is used for the study with two comparable hospitals, one private and one public selected as cases. The fieldwork conducted in 2013 made possible to elicit the real status of the e-health tools. The findings were derived from the transcripts of the interviews with the technical and medical personnel at the hospitals. It appears that the private hospitals in Bangladesh are more advanced in building the infrastructure and using e-health tools following the international standards. The market oriented functioning of private hospitals is the driving force for taking actions and behaving pro-actively in the daily use of the technology that is not the case with the public health sector. Lack of funding and capacity, inertia and many governmental norms and regulations are the main obstacles for the public hospital lagging behind in the use of e-health tools.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Tumor Profiles of Breast Cancer in Bangladeshi underprivileged women.

UNLABELLED Similar to cancer statistics in developed countries, breast cancer is also the leading cause of cancer-related death in the women population of Bangladesh particularly the poor and underprivileged. The objective of this study was to study the socio-demography, tumor patterns and risk factors that affect these women from Dhaka and Bangladesh in general. METHOD This cross-sectional study involved 250 patients who presented to NICRH, Dhaka for treatment. These patients were interviewed, physically examined and vital information were gathered using approved questionnaires. Various personal, social, reproductive and tumor related factors were recorded and analyzed. RESULT The mean age of the study group was 44.7 years, standard deviation (SD) was 9.82 (range: 21-67), 87% have children, 57.2% were postmenopausal, 92% were housewives, 51.4% were illiterate, 62% attended 6 months after initiation of symptoms, 72% of the patients' yearly family income were less than US$1000/year. Almost 100% of the patients gave history of cooking from wooden fire source in the rural areas. In our study group, 79.7 percent women were within the group of BMI 20 kg/m2or more. Locally advanced breast cancer patients (T3 and T4) were 52.6%, axillary lymph node involvement was present in 80% of cases, 61.6 % patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the elderly group (above 40 years) Estrogen receptor was positive in 53.2% cases, 26.6% were Triple negative breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION Women with poor socio-economic status and have none or low educational level are often victims of late presentation and tend to have a higher stage at diagnosis. Poverty, literacy and assorted risk factors have influenced the outcome of breast cancer cases among Bangladeshi women.
Financial Contagion with Spillover Effects: A Multiplex Network Approach

This paper presents a comprehensive model of financial contagion encompassing both direct and indirect transmission channels. We introduce direct contagion through a 2-layered multiplex network to account for the distinct dynamics resulting from collateralized and uncollateralized transactions. Moreover, the spillover effects of fire sales, haircut prociclicality and liquidity hoarding are specifically considered through indirect transmission channels. This framework allows us to analyze the determinants of systemic crisis and the resilience of different financial network configurations. Our first experiment demonstrates the benefits of counterparty diversification as a way of reducing systemic risk. The second experiment highlights the positive effect of higher initial capital and liquidity levels, while stressing the potentially counterproductive impact of rapidly increasing the minimum capital and liquidity ratios, particularly in times of stress. The third experiment examines the possibility of controlling the maximum haircut rates, although the impact of this measure is modest compared to other alternatives. Finally, our last experiment evidences the fundamental role played by fire sales and market liquidity in either leading or mitigating systemic crises. JEL Classification: C63, D85, G01, G18
Comparison between open-ring and closed-ring grids reliability

Closed-ring operation of distribution systems has several advantages over radially-operated ones. Closed-ring achieves availability of power on demand, reduce grid losses and maintain the reliability at acceptable level. This paper evaluates the reliability of 6-bus closed-ring operated network based on total loss of continuity criterion. The results show dramatically improvement in reliability of closed-ring grids in comparison with normally-open ring distribution grids, the annual down time decreases from 8.7 hours to about 3.0 seconds, and ENS decreases to about 99.97% over the open-ring grids.
The effect of isoprenaline and pilocarpine on (a) bronchial mucus-secreting tissue and (b) pancreas, salivary glands, heart, thymus, liver and spleen.

Abstract The effect was followed in the rat of 6 or 12 injections of isoprenaline (IPN), at a dose of 10 or 25 mg, and pilocarpine (PCP) at a dose of 10 mg. In some respects the effects are similar, in others strikingly dissimilar. IPN and PCP each increase bronchial submucosal gland size and the number of goblet cells previously thought not to be under nervous control. Isoprenaline increases goblet cells containing acid glycoprotein, the PCP all types: IPN increases small acini in the gland, PCP large ones. The IPN effect was apparent even under germ-free conditions. After 12 injections of PCP the secretory cells appeared “exhausted” and relatively empty of secretion. A similar picture was seen in the pancreas and the salivary glands—hypertrophy after IPN or 6 injections of PCP, exhaustion after 12 of PCP. In the heart, IPN caused an increase in ventricular weight (the right more affected than the left), increase in fibre size and a minor degree of myocardial damage; PCP caused only dilatation. After 6 injections, both IPN and PCP reduced thymic weight; this had recovered after 12 injections. The effect of PCP seems to be at least in part directly on discharge; IPN seems to affect synthesis. This is the first demonstration of goblet cell increase by drug effect. These changes are considered in relation to control of mucus secretion and to their relevance to cystic fibrosis.
The Computational Complexity of Tutte Invariants for Planar Graphs

For each pair of algebraic numbers $(x,y)$, the complexity of computing the Tutte polynomial $T(G;x,y)$ of a planar graph $G$ is determined. This computation is found to be $\overline{\rm\#P}$-complete except when $(x-1)(y-1)=1,2$ or when $(x,y)$ is one of $(1,1)$, $(-1,-1)$, $(j,j^2)$, or $(j^2,j)$, where $j=e^{2\pi i/3}$, in which case it is polynomial time computable. A corollary gives the computational complexity of various enumeration problems for planar graphs.