Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic value of the petiole anatomy in the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) found in Sri Lanka

We assessed the petiole anatomy of 8 species of Sri Lankan Cinnamomum (C. capparu-coronde, C. citriodorum, C. dubium, C. litseaefolium, C. ovalifolium, C. rivulorum and C. sinharajaense and C. verum) belonging to the family Lauraceae using light microscopy in the petiole anatomy for identification and classification of species. This is the ﬁrst report on comprehensive petiole anatomy in Cinnamomum species. The distinctive, important and key taxonomic characteristics of the petiole include the shape and outline of the petiole, the presence of winged extensions, surface grooves on upper surface, presence or absence of trichomes, structure of vascular bundle and stone cell characters (shape, structure, pits and fissure size). These identified petiole characters provide the additional information for the identification of Cinnamomum species. Almost all the characters studied had little difference within a species but vary among the species. However, shape of epidermal cells was relatively constant for all species. All polymorphic characters were used for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and species were divided into three main clusters. The PCA revealed that acicular crystals, cluster of crystals, trichomes and trichome abundance contribute to the first component that account for 31.76% total variance. Shape of the petiole, upper surface wings and raphides are the major loading characters to the second component. Therefore, anatomical structures of the petiole are useful in the identification and may help for crop improvement, conservation, management and future usefulness of germplasm resources of Cinnamomum species. Keywords. Cinnamomum, Lauraceae, PCA, petiole anatomy, taxonomy
Microbiological and Energetic Assessment of the Effects of the Biodrying of Fuel Produced from Waste

Abstract Biological drying (biodrying) is one of the methods of biological processing of waste, used mainly as part of the mechanical biological treatment of mixed municipal waste. Biological drying uses the heat released during the decomposition of organic matter to reduce the amount of water in dried waste. The aim of the analyses was to provide a microbiological and energetic (fuel) assessment of the process of biodrying of alternative fuel (RDF) obtained by mechanical sorting of mixed municipal waste. The resulting alternative fuel (obtained with just sorting) is characterised by varied moisture content and the presence of diverse groups of microorganisms. The analyses were intended to assess 3 alternative methods of biodrying of alternative fuel in order to produce a stable end product for utility power generation and the cement industry. The analyses were performed using special bioreactors equipped with custom (innovative) fluidised bed, aeration system (air flow rate 500 m3 · h−1), effluents drain systems, post-process air offtake and 4 temperature sensors. The assessment of the impact of the employed bed aeration methods on the quality of the alternative fuel was performed in 3 repetitions with the same external parameters. The obtained results show that after 8 days of biodrying, in the most favourable option, the moisture content in the fuel was reduced to the level of 18.7%, i.e. by 39%, the resulting fuel was microbiologically stable and the calorific value of the fuel was increased on average by 3.2 MJ · kg−1.
Processing-in-memory: A workload-driven perspective

Many modern and emerging applications must process increasingly large volumes of data. Unfortunately, prevalent computing paradigms are not designed to efficiently handle such large-scale data: The energy and performance costs to move this data between the memory subsystem and the CPU now dominate the total costs of computation. This forces system architects and designers to fundamentally rethink how to design computers. Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a computing paradigm that avoids most data movement costs by bringing computation to the data. New opportunities in modern memory systems are enabling architectures that can perform varying degrees of processing inside the memory subsystem. However, many practical system-level issues must be tackled to construct PIM architectures, including enabling workloads and programmers to easily take advantage of PIM. This article examines three key domains of work toward the practical construction and widespread adoption of PIM architectures. First, we describe our work on systematically identifying opportunities for PIM in real applications and quantify potential gains for popular emerging applications (e.g., machine learning, data analytics, genome analysis). Second, we aim to solve several key issues in programming these applications for PIM architectures. Third, we describe challenges that remain for the widespread adoption of PIM.
A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Many highway agencies face the problem of premature failure of asphalt concrete pavements due to moisture damage. Various laboratory tests have been used to predict the moisture susceptibility of asphalt concrete mixtures. Unfortunately, none of the available laboratory tests are able to accurately discriminate between well and poor performing mixes; that is, the laboratory test results do not necessarily correlate well with the field performance. Recent studies performed under the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) indicate that the environmental conditioning system (ECS) is a device that better simulates the field conditions. Based on the initial studies, the ECS seemed to be able to distinguish moisture susceptible mixes. A recent study conducted by the Colorado Department of Transportation suggested that the ECS device and testing procedure needed further evaluation before it could be incorporated in the routine use. A study was undertaken at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) to evaluate the ECS. Based on the results from this study, the ECS needs improvements both in terms of conditioning of asphalt concrete mixture, as well as, resilient modulus test setup. Specifically, the resilient modulus test setup of the ECS needs improvement in the precision and accuracy of the measurements.
Effect of paclobutrazol on growth and fruit characteristics of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of paclobutrazol on growth and fruiting characteristics of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annum L.). The aim of the study was to determine the paclobutrazol concentrations on economical yield of ornamental pepper. Paclobutrazol levels were Control, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg ai (active ingredients) L. Before flowering there were three applications of paclobutrazol applied at interval of 10 days. The lowest number of flowers plant was recorded under control treatment. The highest number of fruits was observed at the rate of 150 mg ai L paclobutrazol. The highest (3.17 g) weight of single fruit was observed at 150 mg active ingredients L paclobutrazol. The lowest weight of single fruit 30 mg active ingredients L paclobutrazol was recorded under control treatment. The highest 56 days taken to opening of first flower was observed under the control whereas the palobutrazol increased the level up to 30 mg active ingredients L was observed 53.33 days taken to opening of first flower. However, the highest (31.33) duration of fruiting was observed under 150 mg active ingredients L paclobutrazol. It was concluded that higher paclobutrazol concentration up to 150 mg active ingredients L remained obviously better overall other treatments, but the differences for almost all the parameters between 120, 90, 60 and 30 mg ai L paclobutrazo concentration were significant.
Biochemical changes occurring during fermentation of camel milk by selected bacterial starter cultures

1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud university, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. 2 Inspection Diagnostic Analysis and Consultancy Laboratories, Pathology Department, Riyadh , P. O. Box. 7133, AlKharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 3 Department of Botany and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Shambat, Sudan.
Temporal dispersion separation and schedule flexibility impact on job satisfaction for Malaysian virtual teams

Job satisfaction of Malaysian virtual teams supporting e-commerce and shared service support are constantly challenged from working long irregular hours fulfilling global supply chain management in a temporal dispersed virtual organization.The work time demand is felt even more as the temporal dispersion variance between parties in communication widens.This research was initiated to understand how satisfied employees are working under such conditions and whether having good management policies such as flexible work arrangement reduce the impact and restore job satisfaction.Findings from the quantitative survey of 301 ITO and BPO respondents located in the MSC flagship town of Cyberjaya reveal that Malaysian virtual teams are generally satisfied with their work condition.Whilst work time demand remains a temporal dispersion challenge, flexible work arrangement has no interaction effect to improving relation of work time demand and job satisfaction.It nevertheless is a predictor of job satisfaction.
Response of photosynthetic active radiation interception, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield to tillage in two winter wheat genotypes

ABSTRACT To examine the effects of winter wheat genotypes on dry matter (DM) accumulation and grain yield (GY) under no-tillage conditions in North China Plain (NCP), a field experiment was conducted using the genotypes Tainong 18 (F) and Jimai 22 (J). Two tillage systems were tested, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 winter wheat growing seasons. Genotypes and tillage systems were compared regarding DM accumulation, GY, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) interception, and flag leaf fluorescence parameters. LAI, PAR interceptions, and flag leaf fluorescence parameters were significantly higher under CT than under NT conditions. This suggests that the efficiency of light harvesting by the PSII reaction center of leaves can increase due to CT. DM accumulation was significantly higher under CT than under NT. Spike DM accumulation was higher in F than in J in the heading and the filling stages. In both growing seasons, GY was significantly higher under CT than under NT, GY of NTF was significantly higher than that of NTJ, which was due to a significantly higher number of kernels per spike. This indicates that genotype F can compensate for a low GY due to NT.
DESIGN OF NON-UNIFORM TRUSS STRUCTURES FOR IMPROVED PART PROPERTIES

This paper discusses generation of lattice structures with non-uniform shape and their optimization in a computer aided design (CAD) model of an exemplary part. Feasibility of encapsulating the whole process within one off-the-shelf CAD suite is analyzed. A method of design of lattice structures of variable density is proposed. A series of finite element method (FEM) analyses leading to achieving improved structures is presented.
Seeing isn’t Believing: Understanding Diversity in the Timing of Strategic Response

There is general consensus in the strategy literature that successful firms alter strategy to address changes in their environments and enact more favourable conditions. Studies of organizational change suggest that this adjustment is not always made in a timely manner. Different beliefs about cause and effect have been established as a plausible explanation for differential responses to environmental change. This exploratory study of six pharmaceutical firms suggests more specifically that multiple concepts associated with environmental changes must be directly linked to organizational performance before new strategies are initiated. The results emphasize the importance of stress as a precursor to strategic response and have implications for the way we conceptualize `response' when referring to significant changes in strategy.
Light microscopic studies on the development of Beauveria bassiana and other putative endophytes in leaf tissues

Die vorliegende Untersuchung beinhaltete sechs Testpilze, uber die in der Literatur Berichte als Endophyten vorliegen (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium proliferatum, Chaetomium globosum), zwei phytopathogene Pilze (Ascochyta fabae, Plenodomus lingam) und vier Wirtspflanzen (Vicia faba, Brassica napus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays). Die Konidien oder Blastosporen bzw. Ascosporen der Testpilze wurden durch Spruhen auf die Blatt­ober­flache oder durch Infiltration durch die Spaltoffnungen appliziert. Die lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung zeigte, dass die Sporen auf der Blattoberflache auskeimten, aber nicht aktiv in die Blatter eindrangen. Im Blatt­inneren schienen Sporenkeimung und Hyphenwachstum auf Bereiche mit Zell- bzw. Gewebeschadigung beschrankt zu sein. Verschiedene Wirtsreaktionen wurden beobachtet, wie die Verbraunung von Epidermiszellen und die Bildung von Papillen. Eine Besiedlung des Gewebes vergleichbar der mit den Pathogenen A. fabae (bei Ackerbohne) und P. lingam (bei Raps) wurde nicht beobachtet. Erst nach Auslegen von inokuliertem Blattmaterial auf Agarmedium setzten Sporenkeimung und Hyphenwachstum im Blattinneren ein. Die Ergebnisse deuten eher auf eine saprotrophe als auf eine endophytische Lebensweise der untersuchten Pilze im Blattgewebe der untersuchten Wirtspflanzen hin.
Large‐scale α‐diversity patterns in plants and ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) indicate a high biodiversity conservation value of China's restored temperate forest landscapes

Following the near‐complete destruction of China's forest ecosystems during the 20th century, recent reforestation programmes have created large‐scale mosaics of protected secondary and plantation forests. These restored forests are often assumed to have limited biodiversity conservation value, but large‐scale evaluations of their diversity are lacking. In our study, we compared α‐diversity and species dissimilarity patterns of vascular plants and ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in restored secondary and plantation forests to remnant mature forests across north‐eastern temperate China. We also assessed functional traits of beetles and cross‐taxon diversity links to evaluate differences in ecosystem functioning among forest types.
Effects of windscape on three-dimensional foraging behaviour in a wide-ranging marine predator, the northern gannet

Marine birds are strongly exposed to weather conditions at sea but to date, few studies have investigated the influences of wind or rainfall on their time−activity budgets or foraging routines. Here, we used data from GPS and pressure loggers to investigate the effects of wind speed and direction and rainfall on the 3-dimensional foraging behaviour of gannets Morus bassanus breeding at Bass Rock, Scotland. We found that birds spent more time actively foraging during stronger winds, but there was no subsequent increase in overall trip duration because individuals compensated by decreasing the time they spent on the water during stronger winds. Birds returned more quickly from distant foraging grounds, and those encountering head winds spent less time on the water and so were able to compensate to some extent for an adverse effect of head winds on speed of travel over the return leg. These data strongly suggest that by reducing time spent on the water, birds were able to buffer trip durations against adverse effects of strong winds encountered during both commuting and active foraging. Birds also commuted at greater heights with increasing tail wind speed and at lower heights with increasing head wind speed, potentially providing an additional behavioural buffer against the adverse effects of strong head winds during foraging trips. There was no discernible effect of rain on foraging, but the behavioural flexibility recorded here is likely to be critical to maintaining nest attendance patterns and food provisioning rates of chicks across variable environmental conditions encountered at sea.
Use of Inorgano-Organo-Clays in the Removal of Priority Pollutants from Industrial Wastewaters: Structural Aspects

Novel modified clay adsorbents were prepared by blocking cation-exchange sites of an expandable clay, such as montmorillonite, with polymeric or polyvalent inorganic ions and by using cationic surfactants as sources of surface organic carbon. Electrokinetic measurements demonstrated that the adsorbed polycations were essentially nonexchangeable. Adsorption and desorption experiments revealed that about 90% of the cationic surfactant was apparently irreversibly bound to the surface. Flocculation and peptization studies were performed to establish that the adsorbed surfactant moiety was oriented with its hydrocarbon tail towards the surface. Such a configuration of simultaneously adsorbed polycations and cationic surfactants was designated as an inorgano-organo-clay (IOC). As shown in an accompanying paper, these IOCs bind priority pollutants as strongly as granulated activated carbon.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOUR OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT PROFESSIONALS

This study compared different theories on the knowledge sharing behaviour of sport professionals and considers the differences according to occupation. A questionnaire was distributed to professionals in physical education and sport in Taiwan. The subjects were targeted using a stratified random sampling method. Structural equation modelling was used to perform data analysis on 666 valid questionnaires. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) explained the behavioural models regarding their interpretation of knowledge sharing behaviour and intentions. The findings indicated that such behaviour indirectly, but positively, impacted by subjective norms, shared attitudes, perceived behavioural control and shared intentions. Knowledge sharing behaviour differed significantly among sport professionals employed in academia and industry, with the intention to share exerting the greatest influence. Attitude was the most influential, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. In the industrial model, perceived behavioural control was most consequential, followed by attitudes and subjective norms. The results confirm that the theory of planned behaviour not only has good explanatory power, but also effectively predicts such behaviour among physical education and sport professionals in general.
Contribution of gully erosion to sediment production in cultivated lands and rangelands

Sediment production by gully erosion and by interrill and rill erosion in three study areas, representing contrasting agricultural environ­ ments (i.e. central Belgium, southeast Portugal and southeast Spain), is assessed through soil erosion mapping and analysis of aerial photos. The data indicate that mean annual soil losses due to ephemeral gullying are far from negligible in the studied environments: i.e. 3.6 m3 ha4 year1 in central Belgium, 3.2 m3 ha"1 year"1 in southeast Portugal and 9.7 m3 ha"1 year"1 in southeast Spain. Mean sediment production by ephemeral gully erosion represents 44% of total sediment produced in intensively cultivated small catchments with loess-derived soils, but 80% or more in Mediterranean areas with stony soils. These figures are not constant for the studied environments but vary over time with rainfall intensity and land-use. The limited data available indicate that sediment production due to bank gully erosion is about one order of magnitude smaller than sediment produced by ephemeral gully erosion in central Belgium. The results obtained indicate that more attention should be given to the rate of ephemeral gully erosion when assessing and modelling the impact of environmental change on sediment production.
Effects of Green Tea Powder Feed Supplement on Performance of Hens in the Late Stage of Laying

The effects of green tea powder on the levels of alpha-tocopherol in egg yolk, egg production and egg quality of laying hens were examined. Twenty 84-week-old laying hens were divided into 4 dietary groups of 5 hens each in the late stages of laying. Four levels of green tea powder (0% = control diet, 1%, 5% and 10%) were fed to the hens for 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks, all experimental diets were switched to the control diet (0% green tea powder) for 3 weeks. The first group was fed the controlled diet throughout the experimental period. The egg weight, egg mass and feed intake were the highest for the 0% and 1% green tea powder diets and the lowest for the 5% and 10% diets (P < 0.05). The rate of egg production and the intake of feed decreased significantly with an increase in the intake of green tea powder (P < 0.05). The weights of the hens who received up to 5% green tea powder in their diets decreased. However, the gain in the hens' weight was not influenced by the intake of 1% green tea powder diet. There were no significant differences in the yolk color fan score for the 4 treatment diets. The egg shell strength decreased with increasing green tea powder intake, while the alpha-tocopherol content of egg yolk of the hens fed the experimental diet increased with increasing green tea powder intake. The fatty acid composition of yolk was not affected by the diet. The results suggested that the transfer of alpha-tocopherol from dietary green tea powder to egg yolk was sensitive to the alpha-tocopherol intake and that green tea supplementation would support adequate egg production and egg weight when used up to a level of 1% in the diets of laying hens.
Culture and Competencies: A Multi-Country Examination of Reference Service Competencies

Abstract Reference librarians have the opportunity to interact with patrons and colleagues of many different backgrounds, languages, and cultures as a result of our increasingly interconnected and peripatetic world. In order to provide the best possible service to these varied communities, reference librarians should understand some of the culture differences that exist across countries, and in particular, the differences in the way that reference services are conceived and delivered in different countries. This study explores some of these differences in reference services by surveying current practitioners in thirteen countries to find out which competencies they believe are most important for academic reference librarians right now, and in the near future. The results of this study highlight some important commonalities and differences, and could help reference librarians to manage and meet the expectations of their international patrons, and perhaps help them to prepare for an international job experience of their own. Academic reference librarians may be interested to see the extent to which their counterparts in other countries face similar challenges and expectations with regard to delivering reference services. Teaching faculty in library science programs will be interested to understand reference competencies and expectations in other countries, especially as they teach greater numbers of international students or consider collaborating with international colleagues. In addition, an international understanding is important in developing students who can compete in a global job market.