Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet addiction and loneliness among children and adolescents in the education setting: an empirical pilot study

Research into various behavioural addictions has shown that such behaviour can negatively impact psychological wellbeing. One behavioural addiction that has been increasingly studied empirically is that of Internet Addiction (IA). Despite general consensus concerning the negative effects of IA on mental health and other indices of physical and psychosocial health, little research has been done in child and adolescent populations in specific contexts. The main objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the extent of problems caused by IA in children and adolescents, (ii) determine the socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics of children and adolescents with IA, and (iii) to provide a model capable of predicting IA in the educational context among the target population. A total of 131 Portuguese school children and adolescents participated in this study. Results indicated a relatively high incidence of IA in the sample (13%). Additionally, the correlational analyses revealed associations between IA and loneliness, social loneliness, and other variables related to the educational context. Results demonstrated that IA could be predicted using a model encompassing three variables (i.e., weekly Internet usage, loneliness, and classroom behaviour). Overall, the present findings corroborated results from other studies and added to the behavioural addiction literature by examining a younger cohort than previous empirical studies.
Relative deprivation: An explanation to inter-ethnic conflict in Metekel Zone, North Western Ethiopia, since 1991

This study explains chief causes of covert and overt conflict between indigenous and non-indigenous ethnic groups of Metekel zone, since 1991. For the sake of convenience, however, particular emphasis is given to the conflict between Agew and Gumuz. The study employs relational ethnography research design. The data collected through in-depth interview, observation, informal conversation, and review of available documents is analysed thematically. The conflict between the two ethnic groups in the period is explained based on the assumption of horizontal and longitudinal deprivation. The paper demonstrates that coincidence of relative deprivation with ethnic line is creating favourable conditions for violent conflicts in the study area. In the period, Agews felt deprived of political resources in contrast to their history and Gumuz. On the other hand, though Gumuz are politically empowered, the socio-economic status of the people is hardly comparable with the Agew and other non-indigenous ethnic groups. The salience of ethnicity in the period has also been providing opportunity for elites to mobilize the mass for violence. But, the study argues the transformation of dormant conflicts into violence is determined by cost and benefit analysis of the action rather than by a mere mobilization of elites. Accordingly, in the period instigating violence seems persuasive for Gumuz than Agew. The finding implies that when the underlying conditions of relative deprivation are eliminated, the motive to use violence as a political instrument can also be minimized. Key words: Ethnicity, ethnic conflict, relative deprivation, ethnic federalism, indigenous ethnic groups, non-indigenous ethnic groups.
The Ability of Water Plants to Reduce the Level of Mercury Pollution inWater Quality in Irrigation

This research was conducted on July – October 2013 about a mercury analysis which has been performed in Environmental Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Faculty, Andalas University. The level of mercury that is permitted by Government Regulation Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001 at the fourth grade for water are at 0.005 mg/l. In that analysis, mercury contents with 0.020169 mg/l at irrigated areas in Batang Hari River. This research aims to find out the ability of water lilies (Salvinia molesta), wood lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to decrease the content of water level. This research used experimental methods and the initial content of heavy metals mercury (Hg) by using 0.02 mg/L, 0.06 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L. The results at decreasing concentrations of heavy metals mercury will be compared with the quality standard of heavy metal mercury at the fourth grade of water. The result showed that water lilies (Salvinia molesta), wood lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were able to fix the water quality for irrigation which contaminated heavy metal (Hg). Then, mercury concentration reached a quality standard for irrigation at early concentration 0.02 mg/L during the 15 days and at early concentration 0.1 mg/L during 35 days. From the analysis, it was found that Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the best plant to decrease the concentration of heavy metals mercury.
An exploration study on factors influencing on market orientation: A case study of tourism industry

Article history: Received February 12, 2013 Received in revised format 10 May 2013 Accepted 12 May 2013 Available online May 28 2013 During the past two decades, tourism industry has become popular among many researchers in developing countries. Tourism is able to attract substantial amount of investment to some areas where many investors are normally unwilling to invest in. This paper, presents important factors influencing market orientation in tourism industry based on the implementation of factor analysis. The proposed study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 267 experts who are involved in tourism industry. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.873, which validates the overall questionnaire. The results of factor analysis have indicated that six factors of market oriented, limiting rules and regulations, strategic competition, marketing planning culture, financial figures and top management. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phytochemical Screening and Biochemical Effects of Methanol Extract of Bitter KOLA ( Garcinia Kola) on Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Male Wistar (Albino) Rats

The phytochemical screening and biochemical effects of methanol extract of bitter kola ( Garcinia kola) on alloxan induced diabetes was studied using standard methods in order to determine the potential of this seed. Twenty five (25) male Wistar (albino) rats used as the experimental organisms were divided into (5) groups designated A, B, C, D and E with (5) animals per group. Groups A and B which were non-diabetic control and non-diabetic test were treated with normal saline (0.5 mL/kgbody weight) and 50 mg/kg body weight of Garcinia kola extract respectively. Groups C, D and E which were made diabetic using alloxan monohydrate had one diabetic untreated group that received normal saline (0.5 mL/kg body weight) and two diabetic treated groups that received reference drug (gliben clamide) (50 mg/kgbody weight) and 50 mg/kgbody weight of Garcinia kola extract respectively. After every treatment, blood samples were collected from the test organisms through tail vein puncture and their respective blood glucose concentration was measured with gm glucometer at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h for three (3) days. It was observed that Garcinia kola methanol extract treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level. The result of the phytochemical screening which was analyzed using standard analytical method revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycocides while alkaloids were absent. From the finding in this prospective study, Garcinia kola extract has useful pharmacological bioactive compounds and as such could be used in ethno-medicine for the treatment of diabetes and other ailments.
The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: Hunting for the Most Extreme Obscured AGN at >10 keV

We identify sources with extremely hard X-ray spectra (i.e., with photon indices of Γ ≲ 0.6 ) in the 13 deg2 NuSTAR serendipitous survey, to search for the most highly obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected at > 10 keV . Eight extreme NuSTAR sources are identified, and we use the NuSTAR data in combination with lower-energy X-ray observations (from Chandra, Swift XRT, and XMM-Newton) to characterize the broadband (0.5–24 keV) X-ray spectra. We find that all of the extreme sources are highly obscured AGNs, including three robust Compton-thick (CT; N H > 1.5 × 10 24 cm−2) AGNs at low redshift ( z < 0.1 ) and a likely CT AGN at higher redshift (z = 0.16). Most of the extreme sources would not have been identified as highly obscured based on the low-energy ( < 10 keV) X-ray coverage alone. The multiwavelength properties (e.g., optical spectra and X-ray–mid-IR luminosity ratios) provide further support for the eight sources being significantly obscured. Correcting for absorption, the intrinsic rest-frame 10–40 keV luminosities of the extreme sources cover a broad range, from ≈ 5 × 10 42 to 1045 erg s−1. The estimated number counts of CT AGNs in the NuSTAR serendipitous survey are in broad agreement with model expectations based on previous X-ray surveys, except for the lowest redshifts ( z < 0.07 ), where we measure a high CT fraction of f CT obs = 30 − 12 + 16 % . For the small sample of CT AGNs, we find a high fraction of galaxy major mergers (50% ± 33%) compared to control samples of “normal” AGNs.
The vertical variability of ammonia in urban Beijing, China

Abstract. Weekly vertical profiles of ammonia (NH3) were measured at 16 heights on the Beijing 325 m meteorological tower for 1 year from March 2016 to March 2017. The average NH3 concentrations exceeded 4 µg m−3 at all heights with an overall average (±1σ) value of 13.3 (±4.8) µg m−3. The highest NH3 concentrations along the vertical profiles mostly occurred from 32 to 63 m, decreasing both towards the surface and at higher altitudes. Significant decreases in NH3 concentrations were only found at the top two heights (280 and 320 m). These results suggest an NH3 rich atmosphere during all seasons in urban Beijing, from the ground to at least 320 m. The highest seasonal NH3 concentrations across the profile were observed in summer (18.2 µg m−3) with high temperature, followed by spring (13.4 µg m−3), autumn (12.1 µg m−3) and winter (8.3 µg m−3). A significant vertical variation in the NH3 concentration was only found in summer. Source region analyses suggest that air masses from intensive agricultural regions to the south contribute most to the high NH3 concentrations in Beijing. Local sources such as traffic emissions also appear to be important contributors to atmospheric NH3 in this urban environment.
The opposite effects of routine metabolic rate and metabolic rate during startle responses on variation in the predictability of behaviour in hermit crabs

Studies on animal behaviour have suggested a link between personality and energy expenditure. However, most models assume constant variation within individuals, even though individuals vary between observations. Such variation is called intraindividual variation in behaviour (IIV). We investigate if IIV in the duration of the startle response is associated with metabolic rates (MR) in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus . We repeatedly measured startle response durations and MR during each observation. We used double hierarchical generalized linear models to ask whether among and IIV in behaviour was underpinned by MR. We found no association between the mean duration of the startle responses and either routine MR or MR during startle response. Nevertheless, we found that IIV increased with MR during startle responses and decreased with routine MR. These results indicate that crabs with higher MR during startle responses behave less predictably, and that predictability is reduced during exposure to elevated temperatures.
Status of Social Investment in Children in the Eastern Caribbean – An Overview

Guaranteeing the rights of children does not only imply a legal and moral responsibility. It also has implications for economic and social policies, and in particular for the allocation of a country’s financial resources. Children in the Eastern Caribbean are the majority of the poor and most vulnerable to the different dimensions of economic, social and ecological risks. The current economic crisis is creating more demand for social spending, but simultaneously putting a strain on public budgets. In this context, it is important to appreciate the current level of public spending for social services which matter for children such as education, child protection, health, and other child‐sensitive social services. This paper gives an overview of the budgeting processes and the level of the revenues and expenditures of selected governments in the Eastern Caribbean. It reviews the sources of revenue of public budgets and appreciates the level of development assistance and loans reflected in the 2009 estimates. The paper has found diverse levels of social investment, which are for the most countries below regional and internationally agreed benchmarks. To this extent various recommendations are formulated to ensure that children remain at the heart of the social investment for future generations.
Comparing Behavioural Heterogeneity Across Asset Classes

We estimate a generic agent-based model in which agents have heterogeneous beliefs about the future price to see to what extent behaviour differs across assets, and what this implies for market stability. We find evidence for behavioural heterogeneity for all asset classes, except for equities. Heterogeneity is especially pronounced for macro-economic variables. Agents update their beliefs frequently in financial markets, and only gradually in the case of macro-economic variables. Consequently, we find that the probability of behavioural bubbles is substantially higher for the macro-economic variables than for financial assets.
EVALUATION OF RELATIVE GEOMETRIC ACCURACY OF TERRASAR-X BY PIXEL MATCHING METHODOLOGY

Abstract. Recently, high-resolution commercial SAR satellites with several meters of resolutions are widely utilized for various applications and disaster monitoring is one of the commonly applied areas. The information about the flooding situation and ground displacement was rapidly announced to the public after the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011. One of the studies reported the displacement in Tohoku region by the pixel matching methodology using both pre- and post- event TerraSAR-X data, and the validated accuracy was about 30 cm at the GEONET reference points. In order to discuss the spatial distribution of the displacement, we need to evaluate the relative accuracy of the displacement in addition to the absolute accuracy. In the previous studies, our study team evaluated the absolute 2D geo-location accuracy of the TerraSAR-X ortho-rectified EEC product for both flat and mountain areas. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal relative geo-location accuracies of the product by considering the displacement of the fixed point as the relative geo-location accuracy. Firstly, by utilizing TerraSAR-X StripMap dataset, the pixel matching method for estimating the displacement with sub-pixel level was developed. Secondly, the validity of the method was confirmed by comparing with GEONET data. We confirmed that the accuracy of the displacement for X and Y direction was in agreement with the previous studies. Subsequently, the methodology was applied to 20 pairs of data set for areas of Tokyo Ota-ku and Kawasaki-shi, and the displacement of each pair was evaluated. It was revealed that the time series displacement rate had the seasonal trend and seemed to be related to atmospheric delay.
Determination of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in bacteria, ruminal and duodenal digesta using HPLC with fluorescence or UV detection

A high-performance liquid chromatography method with pre-column derivatization was tested and used in the analysis of partially separated 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in rumen bacteria, duodenal digesta and feeds incubated in vitro with rumen fluid. The samples of analyzed materials were hydrolyzed with 6M HC1 for 20 h at 104±2°C. DAPA was determined after pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in the presence ethanethiol (ESH). Separation of converted DAPA was carried out using a reversed-phase column (Nova-Pak C-18, 4 jum, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D., Waters) by a binary gradient program and fluorescence or UV detection. The converted DAPA (as two peaks) was fluorescently monitored at an excitation wavelength of229 nm, with 470 nm cutoff-filter (the retention times: 33.83±0.16 and 34.43±0.16 min), while the UV detector was set at 229 nm (retention times: 33.75±0.16 and 34.36±0.16 min). The DAPA peaks were completely resolved from interfering species in about 41 min. After 41 min, the column was re-equilibrated and cleaned, depending on the type of analyzed sample, for 9-14 min. The average analytical recoveries were 98.4±3.1% with fluorescence detection and 96.7±4.0% with U V detection for total DAPA. The low within and between run coefficients of variations, high recoveries and low detection (2.05 nmol/ml) and quantification (6.78 nmol/ml) limits, point to satisfactory precision, reproducibility, accuracy and sensitivity of the proposed method. The use of fluorescence detection and the sum of DAPA peaks give the method high precision and accuracy. The presented method enabled partial separation of DAPA stereoisomers, therefore this new HPLC procedure can also be used for investigations of DAPA metabolism within the rumen microbial ecosystem.
Condensation of class diagrams using machine learning

Although class diagrams can be a useful asset within software development, the size of reverse engineered diagrams may quickly become overwhelming in a large scale software environment. One way of keeping diagrams small is to condense them by removing the least important classes while keeping the remainder. This can be done through the use of machine learning where metrics of a class are used determine how important the class is. As not very many metrics have been used in this setting, the purpose of this thesis is to identify what metrics that are considered to be relevant for di erent stakeholders and then to nd how well the identi ed metrics work within the machine learner. Furthermore, the thesis also aims at evaluating if the method as a whole is useful within an industrial setting. The work was started by interviews in collaboration with Ericsson where their opinion regarding the importance of classes was gathered. Then followed the creation of a tool for condensing diagrams and an analysis of the performance of the machine learner. Additionally, condensed diagrams were compared to reverse engineered diagrams. Several new high performing metrics were found and extending the previous set of metrics improved the performance of the machine learner overall. Some aws were identi ed with the condensed diagrams, however they still managed to perform better than reverse engineered diagrams with all classes remaining and thus, the method should be considered advantageous in an industrial setting.
Antagonism of pro-2-PAM using central and peripheral anticholinergic drugs

The goal of this study was two-fold. Experiment 1 characterized the intoxicating tremor produced by two known tremor-inducing drugs, oxotremorine and physostigmine in order to characterize the tremoregenic effects of a centrally acting oxime, pro-2-PAM. Pro-2-PAM crosses the blood brain barrier and may have therapeutic value against OP intoxication. Experiment 2 attempted to antagonize the tremor produced by 28.0 mg/kg of pro-2-PAM with a Med Associates System using central and peripheral anticholinergics. The centrally acting anticholinergics were atropine sulfate and scopolamine HBr; the peripherally acting anticholinergics were AMN and SMN. In Experiment 1, the only drugs that showed a tremoregenic effect against their controls were oxotremorine and physostigmine. A high dose of physostigmine (0.4 mg/kg) induced more tremor than 0.1 mg/kg of oxotremorine; only 0.1 mg/kg of oxotremorine induced more tremor than 28.0 mg/kg of pro-2-PAM. In Experiment 2, only the centrally acting anticholinergics reduced the tremoregenic effect of pro-2-PAM.
Party Institutionalization and Welfare State Development

Abstract This article argues that the extent to which political parties are institutionalized shapes welfare state development. Institutionalized parties allow politicians to overcome co-ordination problems, avoid capture by special interests and form stable linkages with broad social groups. These features both enable and incentivize politicians to pursue extensive welfare policies. The study employs measures of party institutionalization and welfare state features to study these proposed relationships. Even when accounting for country- and year-fixed effects and plausible confounders such as electoral system, unionization, regime type and state capacity, the authors find clear relationships between party institutionalization and more extensive and universal welfare states. Focusing on universalism, they find that the relationship is more pronounced when constraints on executives are strong and in democracies, but that it also exists in autocracies. Further, when disaggregating party institutionalization and evaluating mechanisms, the linkages that institutionalized parties form with social groups constitute one important, but not the only relevant, factor.
Emergency Contraceptive Use among Female Undergraduate Students at the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

About 42 million abortions take place annually worldwide with almost 20 million of them unsafe and responsible for 70,000 maternal deaths. Young undergraduate women are especially vulnerable with risky sexual behaviours which lead to unwanted pregnancies, abortions and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Cross River State of which Calabar is the capital, has one of the highest HIV prevalence (7.1%) in Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of emergency contraception by female undergraduate students of the University of Calabar. A cross sectional descriptive survey design was used to study 400 full time fourth year female undergraduate students randomly selected from 30 departments at University of Calabar. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using statistical packages for the social sciences version 16.0. The research protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Cross River State Ministry of Health. Most of the respondents (69.9%) knew what emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) were used for, but specific knowledge on timing (51.7%) and dosage (39.1%) were lower. With almost 70% sexually active, single, young people, condom use was 59.8% and ECP use was very low (31%). The commonest reasons for ECP non-use were lack of awareness (42%) and fear of side effects (34.2%). Reproductive health education including ECP awareness and HIV/AIDS prevention should be part of the general studies course. Peer-to-peer health education should be encouraged at the University Medical Center. Keywords: Emergency contraception, abortions, reproductive health, peer-to-peer communication, client-centered