Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subcellular Localization of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Is Modulated by the Immunophilin Homolog Hepatitis B Virus X-associated Protein 2*

The hepatitis B virus X-associated protein 2 (XAP2) is an immunophilin homolog and core component of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Immunophilins are components of many steroid receptor complexes, serving a largely unknown function. Transiently expressed AhR·YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) localized to the nuclei of COS-1 and NIH-3T3 cells. Co-expression of AhR·YFP with XAP2 restored cytoplasmic localization, which was reversed by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment (TCDD). The effect of XAP2 on AhR localization was specific involving a nuclear localization signal-mediated pathway. Examination of the ratio of AhR to XAP2 in the AhR complex revealed that ∼25% of transiently expressed AhR was associated with XAP2, in contrast with ∼100% when the AhR and XAP2 were co-expressed. Strikingly, TCDD did not influence these ratios, suggesting that ligand binding initiates nuclear translocation prior to complex dissociation. Analysis of endogenous AhR in Hepa-1 cells revealed that ∼40% of the AhR complex was associated with XAP2, predicting observed AhR localization to cytoplasm and nuclei. This study reveals a novel functional role for the immunophilin-like component of a soluble receptor complex and provides new insight into the mechanism of AhR-mediated signal transduction, demonstrating the existence of two structurally distinct and possibly functionally unique forms of the AhR.
The kappa opioid receptor expressed on the mouse R1.1 thymoma cell line down-regulates without desensitizing during chronic opioid exposure.

The R1.1 mouse thymoma cell line expresses a single class of kappa opioid receptors that is negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase through a Bordetella pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein. The aim of the present study was to determine whether chronic opioid treatment of R1.1 cells altered either the binding properties or the functional response associated with the kappa opioid receptor. Culturing of R1.1 cells with the kappa-selective agonist (trans)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methane-sulfonate hydrate (U50,488) for 3 hr and longer, followed by extensive washing of R1.1 cell membranes, produced a concentration- and time-dependent reduction in the binding of the kappa-selective ligand (5 alpha,7 alpha,8 beta)-(-)-N-methyl-N-(7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1- oxaspiro(4,5)dec-8-yl) benzeneacetamide ([3H]U69,593). Culturing of R1.1 cells with 100 nM U50,488 for 24 hr produced approximately a 50% reduction in the Bmax value for [3H]U69,593 and [3H]naloxone binding. In contrast to the reduction in binding, there was no change in the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by (-)-U50,488. To determine whether kappa opioid receptor function was maintained by spare receptors after agonist-induced down-regulation, membranes from untreated R1.1 cells were incubated with 400 nM of the irreversible opioid antagonist beta-chlornaltrexamine (beta-CNA) followed by extensive washing. beta-CNA produced a 50% reduction in the [3H]U69,593 binding and a 6-fold increase in the IC50 value for (-)-U50,488 inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, with no change in the maximal inhibition of cyclic AMP levels. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Problems of communication and information-handling among scientists and engineers in Saudi universities

A questionnaire survey has been carried out of nearly 500 scientists and engineers working at four universities in Saudi Arabia. It was aimed at establishing their communication and information-handling practices, so that these could be compared with the corresponding activities of scientists and engineers in British universities. Particular attention has been paid to the role of information technology. The results of the survey show that communication and information- handling via traditional channels is subject to considerably greater limitations in Saudi Arabia than in the UK. However, networking is developing rapidly in Saudi Arabia, and is beginning to make a significant impact on academic infor mation activities. A detailed examination of current devel opments suggests that increasing employment of information technology may alleviate some of the informational problems presently experienced in the Saudi academic world.
Response of Phytoplankton Communities to Acidification and Recovery in Killarney Park and the Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario

Abstract It has been widely speculated that controls of SO2 emissions would stimulate recovery of acidified freshwater lakes in Canada, the United States and Europe. Phytoplankton communities from 22 lakes near Killarney Park Ontario, covering a pH range from 4.5–7.7, were studied from 1998–2000 and compared to data from experimentally acidified (pH decreased 6.7 to 4.5) and recovered (pH increased to 6.0) Lake 302 South at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), northwestern Ontario to assess recovery from acidification. Based on historical data, pH levels have rebounded to above 6.0 in several lakes in the Killarney area that were previously acidified to pH 5.0–5.5. Phytoplankton biomass was not correlated to pH, but there was a highly significant relationship between species richness and pH. Recovery trajectories were observed in a subset of 6 lakes, combining species diversity data from the present study with historical data. Correspondence analysis indicated that several of the lakes that experienced increased pH have shifted towards phytoplankton assemblages typical of circumneutral environments.
Natural History of Ultrasound Hip Abnormalities in Clinically Normal Newborns

One hundred one clinically normal newborn hips showed varying degrees of sonographic hip dysplasia according to the classification of Graf. None were treated, and after ±6 months, radiographs showed that only four had definite dysplasia. Of these, three had had risk factors such as breech delivery or familial predisposition. Forty-three other clinically normal newborn hips showed ultrasonic instability, which spontaneously corrected. The severity of ultrasound dysplasia at birth was not related to ultimate development of the hip. Our results indicate that ultrasound should not be performed as a general screening procedure in clinically normal newborns.
Exploring the complex relationship between adolescent sexual offending and sex chromosome abnormality

The nature and importance of the relationship between sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) and sexual maladaptive behaviour is uncertain. When considering the aetiology of sexual offending behaviour, the importance of sex chromosome disorder lies in its biopsychological manifestations and in its complex interactions with external influences. At the Adolescent Forensic Service, in keeping with previous research in institutional settings, we found a higher pick‐up rate of SCAs among sexual offenders (5/121) than would be expected in an unbiased community sample (1.2/1000 male livebirths;Jacobs et al. (1992). We present descriptive data on five patients with SCAs out of a total of 121 sexual offenders who presented to the Adolescent Forensic Service over a 6‐year period. We discuss the biopsychosocial features of these five patients and compare them with the remainder of the sexual offenders in the series. We discuss the advantages of early diagnosis and the need for professional vigilance by adolescent forensic psychiatrists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians and clinical geneticists.
Global Finite-Time Observers for Lipschitz Nonlinear Systems

This technical note presents a global finite-time observer design for a class of systems with Lipschitz nonlinearity. By applying a finite-time stability theorem and a careful selection of the homogeneity powers and weights, the problem of global and finite-time stable observers is studied. An observer design procedure is given and a numerical example is provided to illustrate the design method.
Stigma of Mental Disorders and Role of Nursing Professionals: A Developing Country Perspective

The role of nursing professionals in taking up anti-stigma activity is of immense importance in the resource poor developing countries. Unfortunately, there is little research exploring the attitude of nurses towards mental disorders and people affected thereof, the possible correlates of such attitude have not been widely studied. The potential role of the nurses in anti-stigma activity is yet unexplored in these countries. This is a short review of literature of the literature available regarding the attitude of nurses towards mentally ill in developing countries and appropriate recommendations.
Pregnancy-Stimulated Neurogenesis in the Adult Female Forebrain Mediated by Prolactin

Neurogenesis occurs in the olfactory system of the adult brain throughout life, in both invertebrates and vertebrates, but its physiological regulation is not understood. We show that the production of neuronal progenitors is stimulated in the forebrain subventricular zone of female mice during pregnancy and that this effect is mediated by the hormone prolactin. The progenitors then migrate to produce new olfactory interneurons, a process likely to be important for maternal behavior, because olfactory discrimination is critical for recognition and rearing of offspring. Neurogenesis occurs even in females that mate with sterile males. These findings imply that forebrain olfactory neurogenesis may contribute to adaptive behaviors in mating and pregnancy.
Etudes stratigraphiques du Campanien et du Maastrichtien de l'Europe occidentale : Côte Basque, Charentes (France) ; Limbourg (Pays-Bas) : biochronologie, magnétostratigraphie, stratigraphie isotopique, radiochronologie comparées du domaine océanique et des régions stratotypiques : contribution à la

Revision de la stratigraphie du campanien et du maestrichtien en europe. Les resultats magnetostratigraphiques et geochimiques conduisent a mettre en parallele l'ancienne campanien-dordonien et la limite campanien-maestrichtien telle qu'elle est definie au limbourg. On etablit la position d'un pole geomagnetique virtuel pour l'europe stable. On met en evidence le synchronisme des evenements biologiques (apparition-disparition) et isotopiques. De meme les accidents isotopiques sont correlables entre sites pelagiques et sites de plateforme ce qui laisse supposer une origine climatique pour les divers evenements. On montre que les conditions climatiques du maestrichtien sont proches de celles permettant l'installation d'une calotte glaciaire
What Leads to Prosocial Behaviors on Social Networking Services: A Tripartite Model

Abstract The major challenge for social networking services (SNS) has been in getting users to exhibit prosocial behavior by active participation in creating and sharing content. We seek to integrate and reconcile the varying, and sometimes conflicting, explanations of prosocial behaviors at SNS. Rooted in postadoption behavior and commitment theory, our study offers three distinct mechanisms that regulate how one’s experience at an SNS translates into commitment that leads to prosocial behavior. In particular, satisfaction, affective commitment, and active participation substantiate a dedication-based mechanism; past investments, continuance commitment, and resulting inattention to alternatives form a constraint-based mechanism; and social support, normative commitment and users’ intentions to moderate comments are a third, obligation-based mechanism. We empirically tested this tripartite model against data collected from actual Facebook users. The results of our analysis supported the proposed relationships between each mechanism’s experiential factor, mediating type of commitment, and prosocial outcome. Intermechanism effects were rare between commitment mediators and outcomes, they were common between experiential antecedents and commitment factors. Understanding these mechanisms allows SNS managers to fine-tune their service experience to promote specific prosocial behaviors. Meanwhile, researchers benefit from our overarching view of prosocial behavior at SNS that helps to combine and contrast emergent perspectives and theories.
Assessing Overweight, Obesity, Diet, and Physical Activity in College Students

Abstract The authors surveyed 738 college students aged 18 to 27 years to assess overweight, obesity, dietary habits, and physical activity. They used BMI (body mass index) > 25 kg/m2 or BMI > 85th percentile and BMI > 30 kg/m1 or BMI > 95th percentile to estimate overweight and obesity in those aged < 19 years. To define overweight and obesity in those > 20 years, they used BMI > 25 kg/m2 and > 30 kg/m2. They found overweight rates of 21.6% using BMI directly and 16.2% using BMI percentile and obesity rates of 4.9% using BMI directly and 4.2% using BMI percentile. More than 69% of the participants reported < 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and more than 67% reported < 20 g of fiber per day; participants reported physical activity on fewer than 3 d/wk. Most college students are not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines, suggesting the need for prevention interventions and increased understanding of overweight in college students.
Staff Turnover as a Possible Threat to Knowledge Loss

The article focuses on labour turnover as a potential threat to knowledge loss. Labour turnover results in an organizations inability to ensure knowledge continuity. In this study, induction was used to identify factors within organizations that determine employees' exit from organi- zations. The verifiability of these factors was tested by means of correlation and regression. Subsequently, the presented causes of employee turnover were specified as potential threat to knowledge loss. In the current knowledge economy, employees in an organization are consid- ered the key competitive advantage and the most important asset. If an employee leaves an organization, they take the knowledge they have acquired with them. The loss of knowledge is a potential threat to an organizations existence, especially if an employee with valuable knowl- edge leaves to join a competitor. Therefore, this paper deals with knowledge continuity as a probable means of eliminating this threat. Dependencies between selected qualitative variables were tested to determine their impact on organizations. The study concludes by indicating that, today's knowledge-based organizations must be aware of the main causes and consequences of employee fluctuation so as to maintain their competitiveness in times of economic crisis.
The Benefits of Employing a Hybrid Evaluation Approach, Enacted through Evaluation Survey and Reflective Journaling in Teacher Education in the Cayman Islands.

The main purpose of the study was to ascertain the benefits of employing a hybrid evaluation approach to assessing a teacher education programme's objectives or intended outcomes. The benefits of employing the hybrid evaluation approach enacted through its evaluation survey component was seen in the fact that it acts as a guide for participants' thinking, facilitates the acquisition of a broad overview of their thoughts and could provide stakeholders with statistical data, if needed. The benefit of employing the hybrid evaluation approach enacted through its reflective journaling component, was seen in the fact that journaling helped participants to carry out in-depth 'thinking about', and formulating written perceptions of various aspects of the programme. The strength of the hybrid evaluation approach rests in the combined and simultaneous use of both components in a single process of programme evaluation.
GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED ORNAMENTAL FISHES

The ornamental fish sector is a widespread and global component of international trade, fisheries, aquaculture and development. The utilization of multiple trade names causes problem in species identification. Moreover, unmanaged trading could lead to severe threats to biodiversity. In this regard, DNA barcoding could effectively clarify the divergence of the species. Considering the utility of DNA barcoding as a comprehensive system for species identification and discovery, this study aims to investigate the genetic relationship and to construct the phylogenetic tree among those selected fish species collected from selected pet stores in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. The 642bp barcode fragment of the Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was PCR amplified. Results from BLAST showed all the generated sequence were subjected to high percentage identity index and similarity between 99% to 100%. It was then analyzed using MEGA 7.0 through Neighbour-Joining (NJ) clustering and K2P distance-based approach. The analysis revealed straightforward identification of eight specimens into five species with increasing value of genetic distances from conspecific (0.05%) to the taxonomic level (20.18%). The phylogenetic analysis consists of own sequences and reference sequences obtained from the GenBank. All the specimens from different genus was found with high bootstrap value (n>90%) through Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood method. Thus, DNA barcoding reflects the efficacy of the techniques in identifying the genetic assessment in selected ornamental fishes.
Critical care trial design and interpretation: A primer

Objective:Better understanding of the pathophysiology of critical illness has led to an increase in clinical trials designed to improve the clinical care and outcomes of patients with life-threatening illness. Knowledge of basic principles of clinical trial design and interpretation will assist the clinician in better applying the results of these studies into clinical practice. Data Sources:We review selected clinical trials to highlight important design features that will improve understanding of the results of critical care clinical trials designed to improve clinical care of the critically ill. Results:Trial design features such as patient selection, bias, sample size calculation, selection of subjects and controls, and primary outcome measure may influence the results of a critical care clinical trial designed to test a therapy targeting improved clinical care. In conjunction with trial design knowledge, understanding the size of the anticipated treatment effect, the importance of any clinical end point achieved, and whether patients in the trial are representative of typical patients with the illness will assist the reader in determining whether the results should be applied to specific patients or usual clinical practice. Conclusions:Better understanding of important aspects of trial design and interpretation, such as whether patients enrolled in both intervention arms were comparable and whether the primary outcome of the trial is clinically important, will assist the bedside clinician in determining whether to apply the findings from the clinical study into clinical practice.
Effect of alcohol and various diseases on leukocyte mobilization, phagocytosis and intracellular bacterial killing.

Abstract Alcoholics are more susceptible than the general population to pneumonia, apparently in some cases because of nutritional deficiencies. Ethyl alcohol produced a profound depression in the rate of leukocyte mobilization into traumatized skin of nutritionally normal people, and was comparable to that observed in terminal phases of medical shock. Diabetic patients showed a less marked decrease in mobilization. No significant depression of polymorphonuclear-leukocyte mobilization was found in patients with cirrhosis or uremia, in coma or undergoing prolonged general Anesthesia for major surgery. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, obtained after alcohol was given, or leukocytes exposed to alcohol in vitro showed no decrease in ability to ingest or kill ingested bacteria. Diminished leukocyte mobilization may contribute substantially to the increased susceptibility to infection in the lung parenchyma noted in alcoholics and in diabetic patients or those with severe prolonged shock.
Associative learning in degenerative neostriatal disorders: Contrasts in explicit and implicit remembering between Parkinson's and huntington's diseases

The performances of 12 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 16 with Huntington's disease (HD), and young and old healthy controls were assessed on a number of tests of verbal and nonverbal declarative memory, on a test of nonmotor conditional associative learning (words and colors), and on a number of reaction time (RT) tasks. The RT tasks consisted of cued simple and choice reactions. The relationship between the precue and the imperative stimulus in the S1–S2 paradigm was nonarbitrary in the first series and arbitrary in the second series. The series with arbitrary S1–S2 associations was repeated across two successive blocks of trials. The rationale of the study was to investigate the function of the basal ganglia “complex loop,” and it was postulated that HD patients would show greater deficits because of greater involvement of the caudate nucleus. The patients with HD had the slowest RTs. Across the two blocks with arbitrary S1–S2 associations, the patients with HD but not PD nevertheless showed evidence of learning in their precued RTs. In contrast, the patients with PD were better able to remember the associations in free recall than were the HD patients. It is concluded that patients with PD have relatively greater deficits in procedural learning, whereas those with HD have relatively more impairments in declarative memory, and the greater level of cognitive impairment in HD overall is interpreted as being due to more serious damage to the caudate loop.
Dichotic listening and sentence repetition performance in children with reading difficulties

ABSTRACT Numerous investigations have identified weaknesses in speech processing and language skills in children with dyslexia; however, little is known about these abilities in children with reading difficulties (RD). The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the utility of auditory speech processing tasks in differentiating children with RD from those with typical reading skills. It was hypothesized that children, who perform below grade level in reading, would also show poorer performance on both dichotic listening and sentence repetition tasks because of the reciprocal influences of deficient auditory speech processing and language abilities. A total of 180 Hungarian-speaking, monolingual 8-, 9- and 10-year-old children, with and without RD, participated in dichotic listening and sentence repetition (modified by noise and morphosyntactic complexity) tasks. Performances were compared across ability groups, age and gender. Children with RD evidenced significantly poorer performance than controls on both tasks. Effects for age and gender were more noticeable in students with RD. Our findings support the notion that reading deficiencies are also associated with poor auditory speech processing and language abilities in cases where dyslexia is not diagnosed. We suggest that these tasks may be used as easy and fast screening tests in the identification of RD.
Breaking Barriers to Transformation of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Human Development Paradigm

The paper is aimed at addressing the formidable challenges to sustainable human development in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The delta’s human development dilemma raises the question of why abundant human and natural resources have had so little impact on poverty in the area particularly, when compared with other oil producing regions in the world. This conundrum serves as the driving force for this study. The paper revealed that the conditions of rural communities where crude oil is produced are deplorable, with severe environmental degradation and no access to safe drinking water, electricity and roads. It however recommended a new development paradigm which is people-centered, to address these concerns and proposed a nine-point development agenda for the region. The imperatives of a new development agenda rises from the fact that past development planning efforts have failed to adequately address the region’s needs.