Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interdependence of mineral nitrogen content in different soil layers of Lithuanian agricultural lands.

The aim of this work was to investigate the interdependence of mineral nitrogen (Nmin) content in 0–60 and 0–90 cm soil layers and in 0–30 cm soil layer in order to see whether it would be possible to predict the Nmin content in the deeper soil layers based on the Nmin content determined in 0–30 cm soil layer and thus to get a possibility to skip the soil sampling from the deeper layers of soil. The experiment was carried out in 2009–2012 in 156 monitoring plots of 20 × 20 m size located in 63 regions of lithuania characterized by the different prevailing soil types and the different soil texture: Eastern lithuania – Arenosols (AR) and Planosols (PL) – sand, Luvisols (LV) and Albeluvisols (AB) – sandy loam and light loam; Central lithuania – Cambisols (CM) and Luvisols – light loam, loam, medium loam, clay loam and clay; Western lithuania – Albeluvisols and Luvisols – sandy loam and light loam. The data obtained from the long-term fertilisation experiment conducted in Central lithuania on the light loam Cambisol were used in this study as well. Soil samples for the determination of Nmin content were taken from 0–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm soil layers. Higher levels of Nmin were found in the soils of heavier texture as well as in the soils of plots treated once with Nmin fertiliser at the rates not lower than 90 kg ha-1. significant correlations were determined between the Nmin content in 0–60 or 0–90 cm soil layers and in 0–30 cm soil layer: in spring r2 = 0.837, P < 0.01 and r2 = 0.687, P < 0.01, respectively, in autumn r2 = 0.833, P < 0.01 and r2 = 0.723, P < 0.01, respectively. The ratios of Nmin content (as dependent on the Nmin content in 0–30 cm soil layer) in the 0–60 and 0–90 cm soil layers were calculated; when the content of Nmin in 0–30 cm soil layer increased from 6 to 12 mg kg -1, the 0–60 and 0–30 cm soil layer Nmin content ratio decreased from 0.85 ± 0.25 to 0.75 ± 0.13 in spring and from 0.87 ± 0.21 to 0.82 ± 0.17 in autumn. These ratios or regression equations can be used for the calculation of Nmin content in the deeper soil layers based on the available data on the Nmin content in 0–30 cm soil layer. Strong correlations were determined between the nitrate N and Nmin contents in 0–60 and 0–90 cm soil layers in spring and in autumn; the corresponding ratios were calculated. The content of nitrates in soil increases as the Nmin level in soil rises. key words: fertilisation, Nmin, N-NO3, sampling depth, soil.
HCMV enters into M 1-and M 2-macrophages via macropinocytosis in a pH-dependent manner Dissertation

s with poster presentation:  Wang L, Mertens T, Walther P, Frascaroli G (2012): The entry route of HCMV in M1 and M2 macrophages. 22 nd Annual Meeting of the GfV, March 14-17 2012, Essen, Germany.  Wang L. , Walther P, Mertens T, Frascaroli G (2011): Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enter into M1and M2monocyte derived macrophages through a
Shaping Earnings Mobility : Policy and Institutional Factors 1

This paper explores the role of labour market policy and institutional factors in explaining cross-national differences in earnings mobility across Europe in the 1990s using the European Community Household Panel and OECD data on institutional variables. More regulation in both labour and product markets emerge as sources of labour market rigidity, being positively associated with earnings immobility and exacerbating the adverse effects of macro-economic shocks on earnings mobility. Unionization is found to promote earnings mobility, effect, however, counteracted in periods with adverse macroeconomic shocks. Corporatism is found to promote mobility and to counteract the adverse effects of macroeconomic shocks on earnings mobility. The generosity of the unemployment benefit is found to limit the adverse effects of macroeconomic shocks on earnings mobility. JEL Classification: C23, D31, J31, J60, J50, J08
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human resource management practices and organizational commitment. HRM practices particularly addressed six dimensions: Reward; Compensation; Selection; Training; Information Sharing and Performance Appraisal. The data were collected from employees of the selected three telecommunication companies in Somalia. 210 questionnaires were disturbed into the respondent and 125 questionnaires were returned, as an average seventy employees of each company were participated in this survey. Data was analyzed using “Statistical Package for Social Science” (SPSS). Multiple regression analysis and correlation were used to analyses the data. The findings show evidence of that there is significant and positive correlation between six dimensions of human resource practices toward Organizational commitment (OC). The findings set up that there were relationship between the independent variables HRM practices and were positive relationships between HRM practices and Organizational commitment dependent variables. Finally, the researcher has developed a conceptual framework based on the literature
STATIS-CoA: A methodological solution to assess the spatio-temporal organization of species assemblages. Application to the demersal assemblages of the French Mediterranean Sea

The organizational patterns of demersal assemblages (fish, crustaceans and cephalopods) in the Gulf of Lions were investigated on the basis of a set of six bottom trawl surveys performed between 1994 and 1999 (MEDITS programme). The use of a recent multitable method (STATIS-CoA) provided a detailed representation of the stable and variable parts of the spatial organization of demersal assemblages during the studied period. We showed that demersal assemblages of the Gulf of Lions were organized along a coast-open sea gradient. At the scale of the Gulf, we showed that this gradient can be split into three areas: 1) the coastal region and the continental shelf (10 to 200 m depth), 2) the upper slope (200 to 500 m) and 3) the deeper slope (500 to 800 m). Associated to this bathymetric structuring we found a species-richness gradient which decreases from the coast to the upper slope. Our analysis showed that this spatial organization pattern was highly persistent during the course of the study. However, some species caught in the slope area exhibited a strong variability of their spatial distribution mainly during the 1999 survey. From a methodological point of view, STATIS-CoA offers a rigorous theoretical framework for the simultaneous analysis of a three-dimensional set of data. Applied in the field of fisheries ecology, this method (1) constitutes a relevant way to analyse the spatial organization of species assemblages and its pattern of changes, and (2) could be of particular interest to treat the MEDITS data both at a local and at the North Mediterranean Sea scales.
The Correlation between Junk Food Consumption and Age of Menarche of Elementary School Student In Gedung Johor Medan

ABSTRACT Acceleration age of menarche, can increase the chances of endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of uterine and breast cancer are associated with early menarche. Junk food is indicated as one of the triggers of early menarche. With observational-analytic research and case-control research design, it was conducted to determine the effect of junk food in early menarche at elementary school student. The population of the study was the 6th grade elementary school students who had been menstruated, yet the sample was chosen randomly. Data collected using questionnaires, also measuring weight and height, then analysed using chi-square. The results shows a relationship between junk food consumption with early menarche incidence (p = 0.021) and OR 1.889. This is due to the high consumption patterns of junk food/fast food in teenages. Affected by behavioral patterns of people who tend to choose practical food, easy to get and ready to eat. ABSTRAK Percepatan usia menarche dapat memperbesar peluang terjadI hyperplasia endometrium. Insiden kanker uterus dan kanker payudara dihubungkan dengan menarche dini. Junk food diindikasi sebagai salah satu pemicu menarche dini. Dengan penelitian observasional-analitik dan desain penelitian case-control, dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh junk food pada menarche dini di usia SD. Populasi penelitian adalah siswi SD kelas VI yang sudah haid /belum, sampel dipilih secara random. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepada siswi, menimbang berat badan serta mengukur tinggi badan. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian bahwa ada hubungan konsumsi junk food dengan kejadian menarche dini (p=0,021) dan OR 1,889. Hal ini disebabkan Tingginya pola konsumsi junk food/fast food pada remaja dipengaruhi oleh pola perilaku masyarakat yang cenderung memilih makanan praktis, mudah didapat dan siap saji.
Persistence of Two Campylobacter jejuni Strains in Soil and on Spinach Plants

There are indications that the more frequent use of untreated organic residues for fertilization results in increased risk of contamination with human pathogens. Here, we evaluate the ability of two different strains of Campylobacter jejuni to persist in manure and soil as well as spread to spinach plants. It was revealed that different strategies for inoculation of C. jejuni contribute to the persistence of the bacterium in soil, roots, and shoots. Upon inoculation of the bacteria into manure prior to soil application, the amount of C. jejuni subsequently recovered in soil was higher than that from treatments involving the addition of C. jejuni cells to the soil after plant emergence. Irrespective of the bacterial inoculation dose and strategy employed, the C. jejuni content in soil remained relatively constant, whereas the majority of C. jejuni cells applied to spinach leaves could be recovered during the whole evaluation period of 21 days.
Predictability of hydrologic response at the plot and catchment scales: Role of initial conditions

This paper examines the effect of uncertain initial soil moisture on hydrologic response at the plot scale (1 m2) and the catchment scale (3.6 km2) in the presence of threshold transitions between matrix and preferential flow. We adopt the concepts of microstates and macrostates from statistical mechanics. The microstates are the detailed patterns of initial soil moisture that are inherently unknown, while the macrostates are specified by the statistical distributions of initial soil moisture that can be derived from the measurements typically available in field experiments. We use a physically based model and ensure that it closely represents the processes in the Weiherbach catchment, Germany. We then use the model to generate hydrologic response to hypothetical irrigation events and rainfall events for multiple realizations of initial soil moisture microstates that are all consistent with the same macrostate. As the measures of uncertainty at the plot scale we use the coefficient of variation and the scaled range of simulated vertical bromide transport distances between realizations. At the catchment scale we use similar statistics derived from simulated flood peak discharges. The simulations indicate that at both scales the predictability depends on the average initial soil moisture state and is at a minimum around the soil moisture value where the transition from matrix to macropore flow occurs. The predictability increases with rainfall intensity. The predictability increases with scale with maximum absolute errors of 90 and 32% at the plot scale and the catchment scale, respectively. It is argued that even if we assume perfect knowledge on the processes, the level of detail with which one can measure the initial conditions along with the nonlinearity of the system will set limits to the repeatability of experiments and limits to the predictability of models at the plot and catchment scales.
Comparing exhaustivity operators

In this paper, I investigate the formal relationships between two types of exhaustivity operators that have been discussed in the literature, one based on minimal worlds/models, noted exh-mw (van Rooij & Schulz 2004, Schulz & van Rooij 2006, Spector 2003, 2006, with roots in Szabolcsi 1983, Groenendijk & Stokhof 1984), and one based on the notion of innocent exclusion, noted exh-ie (Fox 2007). Among others, I prove that whenever the set of alternatives relative to which exhaustification takes place is semantically closed under conjunction, the two operators are necessarily equivalent. Together with other results, this provides a method to simplify, in some cases, the computation associated with exh-ie, and, in particular, to drastically reduce the number of alternatives to be considered. Besides their practical relevance, these results clarify the formal relationships between both types of operators. BibTeX info
Illegal or Undocumented: An Analysis of Immigrant Terminology in Contemporary American Media

This purpose of this study was to analyze the terms illegal alien, illegal immigrant, and undocumented immigrant in order to determine if these legal synonyms exhibit pragmatic differences in actual practice found in American media. Studies have reported that differences in terminology, metaphor, and discourse framing largely serve to dehumanize or empower immigrants for partisan purposes in legal language (Johnson 1996), politics (Mehan 1997), and in the media (Santa Ana, 1999). Given the semantic presumption of criminality with the terms illegal alien and illegal immigrant , it can be argued that undocumented immigrant is used in more positive contexts in the media when compared with the terms illegal alien or illegal immigrant . In order to test this theory, the authors used the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA, 2016) to analyze the frequency, presumption of criminality in context, and different media outlets’ use of illegal alien , illegal immigrant , and undocumented immigrant . Results of this study found that the terms illegal immigrant and illegal alien have been used significantly more in American media than the term undocumented immigrant , although that trend appears to be shifting. While there was little difference in the presumption of criminality with illegal immigrant and undocumented immigrant , contexts using illegal alien assumed criminality twice as often as the other terms. Fox News and CNN used terms with illegal much more than any other group, although CNN has largely phased the terms out of use in recent years; NPR used the term undocumented immigrant significantly more than other media.
DFT Study on Oxygen-Vacancy Stability in Rutile/Anatase TiO2: Effect of Cationic Substitutions

In this study, a full-potential density functional theory was used to investigate the effects of Ti substitution by different cations. In both rutile and anatase, Ti atom was replaced by Ce, Au, Sn, Ag, Mo, Nb, Zr, and Y. Phase stability, electronic structure and formation energy of oxygen vacancy were compared for rutile and anatase. The results indicated that substitution of Ce and Zr increases anatase stability through which photocatalytic activity is enhanced. It seems that the cationic capacity and size play a critical role in anatase to rutile phase transition, where with an equi- or higher valence than Ti, larger cations increase the stability of anatase phase. Oxygen vacancy concentration, as a second factor of photocatalytic activity, was also studied by calculating its stability due to the cationic substitution. The data revealed that Au, Ag, Y, Ce and Sn effectively reduce oxygen-vacancy formation energy. Of the studied cations, Au and Ag had maximum reduction in band gap, by creating defect states in the middle of the band gap resulting from the overlaps of these elements d-orbitals and oxygen p-orbitals. Mo and Ce impurities did not have a significant effect on reducing gaps by creating defect states under the conduction band. Finally, Sn impurity also generated defect states in the middle of the gap merely with the lack of oxygen.
Barkadahan: A Study of Peer Group Norms and Values Among Filipino Adolescents

Peer groups are among the most influential aspects of adolescent development. The present study is a qualitative investigation of the behaviors, norms, values, and dynamics in general ofthe adolescent peer group in the Filipino setting-the barkada. Four focus group discussions composed ofadolescent peer group are held. two in the urban seuing and two in the rural setting. Findings through thematic content analysis show that adolescents in the barkada show the following norms: revelation of true selfto peers. consistency ofbehavion help and protection among the peer group, and pakikisama (or smooth interpersonal relations). The values found include valuing oneself, valuing others. a sense of resolve, and trust directed both to the other and to the self Implications in terms of adolescent identity development. personal and relational self-concept, and dynamics within the barkada are discussed.
Systematic errors in weighted two‐point correlation functions: an application to interaction‐induced star formation

Weighted correlation functions are an increasingly important tool for understanding how galaxy properties depend on their separation from each other. We use a mock galaxy sample drawn from the Millennium Simulation, assigning weights using a simple prescription to illustrate and explore how well a weighted correlation function recovers the true separation dependence of the input weights. We find that the use of a weighted correlation function results in a dilution of the magnitude of any separation dependence of properties and a smearing out of that dependence in radius, compared to the input behaviour. We present a quantitative discussion of the dilution in the magnitude of separation dependence in properties in the special case of a constant enhancement at r < rc. In this particular case where there was a star formation rate (SFR) enhancement at small radius r < rc = 35 kpc, the matching of one member of an enhanced pair with an unenhanced galaxy in the same group gives an artificial enhancement out to large radius ∼200 kpc. We compare this with the observations of SFR enhancement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, finding very similar behaviour – a significant enhancement at radii <40 kpc and a weak enhancement out to more than 150 kpc. While we explore a particular case in this paper, it is easy to see that the phenomenon is general, and precision analysis of weighted correlation functions will need to account carefully for this effect using simulated mock catalogues.
Fair Value Accounting and Analysts' Information Quality: the Effect of SFAS 157

This paper examines how Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (SFAS 157) affects analysts' information quality for a sample of financial firms. Using the information quality measures developed by Barron, Kim, Lim, and Stevens (1998), the paper finds that analysts' information quality declines after SFAS 157 comes into effect and the drop is more pronounced for firms having relatively high information quality previously. Information quality is also found to be correlated with the proportion of the firm's assets measured at fair value using Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 inputs under SFAS 157. Higher proportions of more opaque assets are associated with lower information quality. These results show that fair value disclosures under SFAS 157 are related to changes in financial analysts' information environment, corroborating the evidence on value relevance of such disclosures. However, how well analysts can use fair value disclosures remains a question.
Aerodynamic properties of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds

Aerodynamic properties of agricultural materials are the physical properties considering the reaction of agricultural material piles or seeds against airflow. The airflow resistance of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed piles was experimentally determined and mathematically modeled for two different moisture contents (11.4 % and 25.8% w.b.) for the superficial air velocities ranging from 0.0225 to 1.395 m3·m-2·s-1. Modified Shedd’s equation and Hukill-Ives equation can be interchangeably used to design aeration systems for the storage and drying bins of faba bean seeds. The terminal velocity values are 11.68 and 12.87 m·s-1 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. The drag coefficient values are 1.02 and 0.88 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. Moisture content increased terminal velocity but decreased drag coefficient.
Is the caste-ratio of the oligolectic bumblebee Bombus gerstaeckeri Morawitz (Hymenoptera: Apidae) biased to queens?

Abstract Three bumblebee species, foraging on Aconitum spp. have been commonly observed in Eyne (France, East Pyrénées): Bombus gerstaeckeri, B. hortorum and B. wurflenii. We estimated the population of these three species. For B. hortorum and B. wurflenii, the total workers populations foraging on Aconitum spp. ranged from 101 to 523 and 156 to 270, respectively. These two species also forage on other plants while B. gerstaeckeri visits only Aconitum spp. The population of B. gerstaeckeri observed was extremely small, founded by 33 queens only in 2001. With a total number of workers estimated from 40 to 102, the observed workers/queens ratio, 1 to 3 workers for each queen, is very unusual for a eusocial species. Also we observed queens foraging during the whole life of the colony. This kind of social organisation is similar to that of some high arctic species. It could be interpreted as the result of an insularity syndrome.
WHATS WRONG WITH THE BALANCED SCORECARD?CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF AN IMPROVEDENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Balanced Scorecard has emerged as a leading measurement tool for enterprise performance management, with profound impact on enterprise strategic planning. Nevertheless, its empirically derived structure creates some descriptive and procedural inadequacies in modeling and measuring organization performance. To overcome these, a new measurement model is introduced, a “scoring cube” whose three dimensions capture outcome, behavior, and behavior change (initiatives and learning) measures, while its perspectives capture a wider array of organization functions. The model further allows non-hierarchical interactions between perspectives. In its implementation, the scoring cube can be collapsed into a Balanced Scorecard, if desired, and can therefore be compliant with Balanced Scorecard specifications.
The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change and the Strength of Inner-Core Convection

AbstractConvective intensity proxies measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), Precipitation Radar (PR), and Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) are used to assess the relationship between intense convection in the inner core and tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change. Using the cumulative distribution functions of 24-h intensity changes from the 1998–2008 best-track data for global TCs, five intensity change categories are defined: rapidly intensifying (RI), slowly intensifying, neutral, slowly weakening, and rapidly weakening. TRMM observations of global TCs during 1998–2008 are used to generate the distributions of convective properties in the storm’s inner-core region for different storm intensity change categories. To examine the hypothesis of hot towers near the eye as an indicator of RI, hot towers are defined by precipitation features with 20-dBZ radar echo height reaching 14.5 km.The differences in the convective parameters between rapidly intensifying TCs.