Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factor analysis of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli infection among emergency department patients with pyelonephritis.

BACKGROUND High rates of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) among uropathogenic Escherichia coli are recognized, and concerns exist about emerging fluoroquinolone resistance. METHODS Adults presenting to 11 US emergency departments with (1) flank pain and/or costovertebral tenderness, (2) temperature >38 degrees C, and (3) a presumptive diagnosis of pyelonephritis were enrolled; patients for whom 1 uropathogen grew on culture were analyzed. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected at the time of care. The prevalence of E. coli in vitro antibiotic resistance and risk factors associated with TMP-SMX-resistant E. coli infection were determined. RESULTS Among 403 women with uncomplicated pyelonephritis caused by E. coli, the mean site rate of E. coli resistance to TMP-SMX was 24% (range, 13%-45%). Mean site rates of E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 1% and 3%, respectively. Only TMP-SMX exposure within 2 days before presentation and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with E. coli resistance to TMP-SMX (compared with resistance rates of approximately 20% among women lacking these risk factors); antibiotic exposure within 3-60 days before presentation, health care setting exposure within 30 days before presentation, history of urinary tract infections, and age >55 years were not associated with E. coli resistance to TMP-SMX. Among 207 patients with complicated pyelonephritis, mean site rates of E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 5% and 6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the prevalence of TMP-SMX-resistant infection among patients with uncomplicated pyelonephritis is > or =20% in many areas of the United States, and risk stratification cannot identify patients at low risk of infection. Rates of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infection appear to be low among patients with uncomplicated pyelonephritis but higher among those with complicated infections. Fluoroquinolones should remain to be the preferred empirical treatment for women with uncomplicated pyelonephritis.
Mutation C677T of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Is Not Associated with Coronary Artery Disease, but Possibly with Albuminuria, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract The missense mutation in the 677th nucleotide (C677T) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene causes substitution of valine (V) for alanine (A) resulting in three genotypes VV, VA and AA. The VV genotype causes hyperhomocysteinemia and may be a risk factor for coronary artery disease. We determined genotypes by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent restriction fragment length analysis and compared them in 84 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 115 non-diabetic subjects with and without coronary disease. Fractional urinary excretion rate of albumin was assessed by nephelometry. The VV, VA, and AA frequencies in the diabetic and in the control groups were 0.095, 0.357, 0.548 and 0.061, 0.417, 0.522, respectively (p = NS, diabetic vs. controls, χ2 test). Genotype frequencies did not differ in either diabetic or control subjects between those with or those without coronary disease (χ2 test). The fractional urinary excretion rate of albumin (mean ±SD) in diabetic patients with the VV genotype i.e. 1.59 ± 0.71 was lower (Kruskall-Wallis test p = 0.002) than in the other genotypes i.e. VA 5.98 ± 9.75 and AA 3.75 ± 4.77, respectively (post-hoc Mann-Whitney test VV vs. VA p = 0.005 and VV vs. AA p = 0.054, respectively). We found that in patients with type 2 diabetes the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase VV genotype was associated with a low urinary albumin excretion but not with coronary artery disease or diabetes per se.
Fine structure of noradrenaline storage vesicles in nerve terminals of the rat vas deferens.

Most of our knowledge of storage and release mechanisms for catecholamines comes from work on the adrenal medulla (see N. & A. G. Kirshner, p. 279). There are important functional differences between the adrenal medullary cells and sympathetic neurons: in the latter the synthetic apparatus of the cell and the site of release are widely separated and re-uptake of released transmitter plays an important role in the maintenance of transmitter stores. At the ultrastructural level there is evidence for only a single population of catecholamine storage particles in each type of chromaffin cell in the adrenal medulla, whereas sympathetic neurons contain two kinds of catecholamine storage particles, whose distribution throughout the neuron is very different. It is not yet possible to explain the structural differences in terms of the functional differences. The finding that large dense-cored vesicles travel down the axon (see P. Banks & K. B. Helle, p. 305; B. G. Livett et al. , p. 359; A. Dahlstrom, p .325) suggests that they may be at least partly made in the cell body and play a role in supplying the terminal with some constituents synthesized in the cell body; whereas the finding that the small dense-cored vesicles are located almost exclusively in nerve terminals (Geffen & Ostberg 1969; Fillenz 1970) suggests that they are concerned with release, which presumably occurs mainly, if not exclusively, in this part of the neuron. In the present study Woods’s (1969) fixative has been used to re-examine the vesicles in the terminal axons of the smooth muscle coat of the normal rat vas deferens. The possible functional implications of the ultrastructural appearances are discussed.
New light on Myc and Myb. Part I. Myc.

The group of proto-oncogenes found to encode nuclear proteins now includes myc, myb, fos, jun, ski, cbl, eibA, members of the ets family^ and possibly several others. Given that so many cytoplasmic and membrane-associated oncoproteins are involved in signal transduction pathways, one rather appealing notion has been that some or all of the nuclear oncoproteins encoded by these genes might act to mediate specific transcriptional responses to signals originally generated in the plasma membrane or cytoplasm (for review, see Weinberg 1989). During the last several years, a number of these oncoproteins, including ErbA, Fos, Jun and, most recently, Ets, have been demonstrated to be directly involved in transcriptional regulation. It is somewhat ironic that Myc and Myb, two of the first oncoproteins to be shown localized to the nucleus, have appeared to elude functional characterization. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that Myb also functions in transcription and, while Myc has remained a citadel of incomprehensibility, new studies have begun to bring this mysterious protein into sharper focus. At first glance, Myc and Myb would appear to have little in common, aside from the fact that both are predominantly localized in the nucleus. They are quite different structurally and their patterns of expression are also rather distinct, with Myc present in nearly all cell types while Myb is restricted to hematopoietic cells. However, the functions of both of these oncoproteins appear to be linked to proliferation, and these oncoproteins clearly play major roles in cell differentiation. Furthermore, recent work has cast some new light on both oncoproteins, and in what follows we attempt to meld older with more recent evidence relating to possible functions. This review will appear in two segments. In part I we consider studies relating to the structure and potential function of Myc; part II, to appear in the next issue, will discuss recent findings on Myb.
ParaPat: The Multi-Million Sentences Parallel Corpus of Patents Abstracts

The Google Patents is one of the main important sources of patents information. A striking characteristic is that many of its abstracts are presented in more than one language, thus making it a potential source of parallel corpora. This article presents the development of a parallel corpus from the open access Google Patents dataset in 74 language pairs, comprising more than 68 million sentences and 800 million tokens. Sentences were automatically aligned using the Hunalign algorithm for the largest 22 language pairs, while the others were abstract (i.e. paragraph) aligned. We demonstrate the capabilities of our corpus by training Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models for the main 9 language pairs, with a total of 18 models. Our parallel corpus is freely available in TSV format and with a SQLite database, with complementary information regarding patent metadata.
Family History in the Aetiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes

The aetiology of Type 2 diabetes [NIDDM] is assumed to involve a multiplicity of causal factors involving both genetic and environmental, including intrauterine, components. Aim: To identify the relationship of various aspects of family history and hence the possible role of genetic influence in the development of Type 2 DM in the Maltese population. Methods: The family history details of a study population undergoing an oGTT during pregnancy was assessed during pregnancy and at follow-up eight years postpartum. The findings were related to previous national epidemiological studies. Results: The study showed a definite statistical correlation between a maternal and sibling family history of diabetes with the onset of GDM/GIGT and later Type 2 DM. No such correlation was shown with a paternal or grandparent family history. Conclusions: The findings suggest that genetic factors are poor determinants for adult-onset GDM or Type 2 DM, the major role player being apparently alterations in the intrauterine environment of the fetus.
Aging and Memory: A Cognitive Approach

This article describes changes in memory during the normal aging process from the standpoint of cognitive psychology. There is now a great deal of evidence to show that memory is not one single function but may be described in terms of different memory systems that show differential effects of aging. For example, memory for procedures, and some perceptual memory functions, show few age-related changes, whereas working memory, episodic memory, and prospective memory decline substantially in the course of normal aging. Memory for facts and knowledge (semantic memory) holds up well in older individuals provided that the information is used frequently, although the ability to retrieve highly specific information (such as names) typically declines. The article discusses current theoretical accounts of the effects of aging; different theorists have attributed the changes in memory and cognition to mental slowing, declining attentional resources, an inability to inhibit unwanted information, and a decline in cognitive control. Other suggestions include the notion that memory performance in older adults is particularly vulnerable when the need for self-initiated processing is greatest; conversely, performance is greatly helped by the provision of environmental support. The practical implications of these research findings and ideas include the point that clinical memory assessments should incorporate tests designed to measure the different aspects of memory functioning.
Extent of enthalpy–entropy compensation in protein–ligand interactions

The extent of enthalpy–entropy compensation in protein–ligand interactions has long been disputed because negatively correlated enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (TΔS) changes can arise from constraints imposed by experimental and analytical procedures as well as through a physical compensation mechanism. To distinguish these possibilities, we have created quantitative models of the effects of experimental constraints on isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements. These constraints are found to obscure any compensation that may be present in common data representations and regression analyses (e.g., in ΔH vs. –TΔS plots). However, transforming the thermodynamic data into ΔΔ‐plots of the differences between all pairs of ligands that bind each protein diminishes the influence of experimental constraints and representational bias. Statistical analysis of data from 32 diverse proteins shows a significant and widespread tendency to compensation. ΔΔH versus ΔΔG plots reveal a wide variation in the extent of compensation for different ligand modifications. While strong compensation (ΔΔH and −TΔΔS opposed and differing by < 20% in magnitude) is observed for 22% of modifications (twice that expected without compensation), 15% of modifications result in reinforcement (ΔΔH and −TΔΔS of the same sign). Because both enthalpy and entropy changes arise from changes to the distribution of energy states on binding, there is a general theoretical expectation of compensated behavior. However, prior theoretical studies have focussed on explaining a stronger tendency to compensation than actually found here. These results, showing strong but imperfect compensation, will act as a benchmark for future theoretical models of the thermodynamic consequences of ligand modification.
Annotating for Hate Speech: The MaNeCo Corpus and Some Input from Critical Discourse Analysis

This paper presents a novel scheme for the annotation of hate speech in corpora of Web 2.0 commentary. The proposed scheme is motivated by the critical analysis of posts made in reaction to news reports on the Mediterranean migration crisis and LGBTIQ+ matters in Malta, which was conducted under the auspices of the EU-funded C.O. N.T. A.C. T. project. Based on the realisation that hate speech is not a clear-cut category to begin with, appears to belong to a continuum of discriminatory discourse and is often realised through the use of indirect linguistic means, it is argued that annotation schemes for its detection should refrain from directly including the label ‘hate speech,’ as different annotators might have different thresholds as to what constitutes hate speech and what not. In view of this, we propose a multi-layer annotation scheme, which is pilot-tested against a binary ±hate speech classification and appears to yield higher inter-annotator agreement. Motivating the postulation of our scheme, we then present the MaNeCo corpus on which it will eventually be used; a substantial corpus of on-line newspaper comments spanning 10 years.
Microwave endometrial ablation for menorrhagia: outcome at 2 years--experience of a district general hospital

One hundred and twenty-three women underwent microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). The mean age at treatment was 40.2 years and the average treatment time was 2 minutes 50 seconds. All patients stayed as day cases, except for two who stayed overnight, one due to pain and the other due to urinary retention. The follow-up was carried out at 6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively. The success rate was 80%, 76% and 70% at 6 months and 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The patient satisfaction rate was 80%, 75% and 68% at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. However, in women 45 years old and over the success rate was more than 90%, suggesting that MEA could be a preferred procedure for treatment of DUB in this age group compared to younger women, especially in those who do not benefit from the mirena intrauterine system or decline it. Approximately 70% of patients, who underwent hysterectomy due to the failure of treatment, had uterine/pelvic pathology in the form of adenomyosis, fibroid uterus or endometriosis; therefore prior to MEA, proper patient selection is vital. There were a few minor complications but no uterine perforation or emergency hysterectomies in the group studied.
Partitioning of P1 plasmids by gradual distribution of the ATPase ParA

Recently, it has been reported that prokaryotes also have a mitotic‐like apparatus in which polymerized fibres govern the bipolar movement of chromosomes and plasmids. Here, we show evidence that a non‐mitotic‐like apparatus that does not form polymerized filaments carries out plasmid partitioning. P1 ParA, which is a DNA‐binding ATPase protein, was found to be distributed through the whole nucleoid and formed a dense spot at the centre of the nucleoid. The fluorescent intensity of the ParA spot blinked, and then the spot gradually migrated from the midcell to a cell quarter position. Such distribution was not observed in anucleate cells, suggesting that the nucleoid could be a matrix for gradual distribution of ParA. Plasmid DNA constantly colocalized at the spot of ParA and migrated according to spot migration and separation. Thus, the gradient distribution of ParA determines the destination of partitioning plasmids and may direct plasmids to the cell quarters.
Heme oxygenase-1 in environmental toxin-induced lung disease

In the US, lung disease is the number three killer and accounts for one of every six deaths. Furthermore, more than 35 million US populations are now living with a chronic lung disease. Therefore, it is of urgent need to develop novel strategies that can protect against the development and progression of lung disease. Inhalation of air pollutants or environmental toxins induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung, resulting in tissue damage with subsequent decline in lung function. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress response protein, which is highly inducible in response to pathological stimulation. Due to the cumulative effects of HO-1 on heme catabolism and the generation of biologically active downstream products, induction of HO-1 might serve as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress and inflammation-induced injury. Accumulating evidences have indicated a protective function of HO-1 against lung injury. This review highlights the roles of HO-1 in lung disease induced by environmental toxins such as cigarette smoke (CS), silica, and asbestos.
Classifying histopathology whole-slides using fusion of decisions from deep convolutional network on a collection of random multi-views at multi-magnification

Histopathology forms the gold standard for confirmed diagnosis of a suspicious hyperplasia being benign or malignant and for its sub-typing. While techniques like whole-slide imaging have enabled computer assisted analysis for exhaustive reporting of the tissue section, it has also given rise to the big-data deluge and the time complexity associated with processing GBs of image data acquired over multiple magnifications. Since preliminary screening of a slide into benign or malignant carried out on the fly during the digitization process can reduce a Pathologist's work load, to devote more time for detailed analysis, slide screening has to be performed on the fly with high sensitivity. We propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based solution, where we analyse images from random number of regions of the tissue section at multiple magnifications without any necessity of view correspondence across magnifications. Further a majority voting based approach is used for slide level diagnosis, i.e., the class posteriori estimate of each views at a particular magnification is obtained from the magnification specific CNN, and subsequently posteriori estimate across random multi-views at multi-magnification are voting filtered to provide a slide level diagnosis. We have experimentally evaluated performance using a patient level 5-folded cross-validation with 58 malignant and 24 benign cases of breast tumors to obtain average accuracy of 94.67 ± 14.60%, sensitivity of 96.00 ± 8.94%, specificity of 92.00 ± 17.85% and F-score of 96.24 ± 5.29% while processing each view in ≈ 10 ms.
Public attitudes toward the right to die.

OBJECTIVE To determine public attitudes toward the right to die, euthanasia and related end-of-life decisions. DESIGN Mail survey based on telephone numbers randomly selected by computer. SETTING Edmonton. PARTICIPANTS Of 1347 computer-generated, randomly selected telephone numbers called between February and June 1992, 902 individuals were reached, and 500 eligible contacts (55%) agreed to fill out the mailed questionnaire based on 12 vignettes involving end-of-life decisions. A total of 356 usable questionnaires (71%) were subsequently returned. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Attitudes toward end-of-life decisions including withdrawal of life support, euthanasia, chronic suffering and the right to die, living wills and family involvement in decision making for incompetent individuals. Comments and demographic data were also solicited. RESULTS Of the respondents 84% supported a family's right to withdraw life support from a patient in a persistent coma, and 90% supported a mentally competent patient's right to request that life support be withdrawn. Active euthanasia was supported by 65% for only patients experiencing severe pain and terminal illness. There was marked opposition to euthanasia for patients in other circumstances, such as an elderly disabled person who feels he or she is a burden on relatives (opposed by 65%), a patient with chronic depression resistant to treatment (by 75%) or an elderly person no longer satisfied with life and who has various minor physical ailments (by 83%). In all, 63% of the respondents felt that legalization of euthanasia for terminal illnesses would lead to euthanasia for many other, unsupported reasons, and 34% supported legislation to prohibit euthanasia in all situations. CONCLUSIONS Public support for the right to die varies depending on the circumstances of the patient. The single most significant factor determining attitudes was the level of religious activity. The family's wishes were an important factor in end-of-life decisions for patients unable to communicate their desires. Both the general public and physicians should be primary participants in determining legislation regarding the right to die.
Language development in social context: Ethnographic, Sociohistorical, and biological perspectives

Vasquez, Olga A. , Lucinda Pease‐Alvarez, and Sheila M. Shannon. Pushing Boundaries: Language and Culture in a Mexicano Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xv + 219 pp. including notes, references, and index. $49.95 cloth. Forman, Ellice A. , Norris Minick, and C. Addison Stone, eds. Contexts for Learning: Dynamics in Children's Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. xi + 395 pp. including indices. $45.00 cloth. Locke, John L. The Child's Path to Spoken Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. x + 518 pp. including references and index. $39.95 cloth.
Spatial–Temporal Recurrent Neural Network for Emotion Recognition

In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework, called spatial–temporal recurrent neural network (STRNN), to integrate the feature learning from both spatial and temporal information of signal sources into a unified spatial–temporal dependency model. In STRNN, to capture those spatially co-occurrent variations of human emotions, a multidirectional recurrent neural network (RNN) layer is employed to capture long-range contextual cues by traversing the spatial regions of each temporal slice along different directions. Then a bi-directional temporal RNN layer is further used to learn the discriminative features characterizing the temporal dependencies of the sequences, where sequences are produced from the spatial RNN layer. To further select those salient regions with more discriminative ability for emotion recognition, we impose sparse projection onto those hidden states of spatial and temporal domains to improve the model discriminant ability. Consequently, the proposed two-layer RNN model provides an effective way to make use of both spatial and temporal dependencies of the input signals for emotion recognition. Experimental results on the public emotion datasets of electroencephalogram and facial expression demonstrate the proposed STRNN method is more competitive over those state-of-the-art methods.