Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures From Clinic to Home: The Human Empowerment Aging and Disability Program for Digital-Health Rehabilitation

Background: The recent exponential growth of Digital Health (DH) in the healthcare system provides a crucial transformation in healthcare, answering to alarming threats related to the increasing number of Chronic Neurological Diseases (CNDs). New long-term integrated DH-care approaches, including rehabilitation, are warranted to address these concerns. Methods: The Human Empowerment Aging and Disability (HEAD) rehabilitation program, a new long-term integrated care including DH-care system, was evaluated in terms of efficiency and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in 107 CND patients (30 with Parkinson's Disease, PD; 32 with Multiple Sclerosis, MS; 45 with stroke in chronic stage). All participants followed 1-month of HEAD rehabilitation in clinic (ClinicHEAD: 12 sessions, 3/week), then 1:3 patient was consecutively allocated to 3-months telerehabilitation at home (HomeHEAD: 60 sessions, 5/week). Efficiency (i.e., adherence, usability, and acceptability) and PROMs (i.e., perceived functioning in real-world) were analyzed. Results: The rate of adherence to HEAD treatment in clinic (≥90%) and at home (77%) was high. Usability of HEAD system was judged as good (System Usability Scale, median 70.00) in clinic and even more at home (median 80.00). Similarly, administering the Technology Acceptance Model 3 questionnaire we found high scores both in clinic/at home (Usefulness, mean 5.39 ± 1.41 SD/mean 5.33 ± 1.29 SD; Ease of use, mean 5.55 ± 1.05 SD/ mean 5.45 ± 1.17 SD, External Control, mean 4.94 ± 1.17 SD/mean 5.07 ± 1.01 SD, Relevance, mean 5.68 ± 1.29 SD/mean 5.70 ± 1.13 SD and Enjoyment, mean 5.70 ± 1.40 SD/mean 6.01 ± 1.08 SD). After ClinicHEAD, participation and autonomy in daily routine was maintained or even ameliorated (PD and stroke > MS). Whereas, increased functionality and participation in the MS group was found only after HomeHEAD intervention. Discussion: Our results suggest that a tele-health-based approach is both feasible and efficient in providing rehabilitation care to CNDs from clinic to home. Increasing and maintaining participation as well as autonomy in daily routine are promising findings that open up scenarios for the continuity of care at home through DH-care for CNDs.
Knowledge regarding avulsion, reimplantation and mouthguards in high school children: Organised sports-related orodental injuries

Purpose: To assess knowledge, awareness and attitude of high school children involved in various sports activities regarding avulsion, reimplantation and mouthguard use. Materials and Methods: An interview-based study was conducted among high school children in the age group of 8–16 years (n = 1105). A questionnaire was given to children and parents which included questions based on knowledge of children regarding avulsion, reimplantation, consequences of losing teeth, mouthgards and their usage and preferred media for tooth transportation. The research proposal was submitted to the ethics committee and the study design was approved. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Only 37.6% of the children knew that their teeth can be completely knocked out with injury and 20.1% knew that a knocked-out tooth can be replanted. The preferred media for tooth transportation were gauze/cotton (27.2%), handkerchief (17.5%), paper (14%), water (13.8%) and cellophane (1.3%), i.e. 81.3% of the children preferred dry transport media. Among the children playing contact sport, 53.8% did not know about mouthguards and the rest 46.2% knew about it, but most of them never used it. Conclusion: Considering the lack of awareness among children, as well as the people around them, there appears to be a crucial need for education of public and to determine dental manpower and dentists to increase awareness.
Comparative evaluation of sealing ability of calcium sulfate with self-etch adhesive, mineral trioxide aggregate plus, and bone cement as furcal perforation repair materials: An In vitro dye extraction study

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sealing ability of three different materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Plus, bone cement, and calcium sulfate with self-etch adhesive (SEA) for the repair of furcal perforation, using dye extraction method. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted human permanent first and second molars were included and randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, n = 12, negative control, perforation not repaired with any material, Group 2, n = 12, perforation repair material used, MTA Plus, Group 3, n = 12, perforation repair material used, calcium sulfate with SEA, Group 4, n = 12, perforation repair material used, bone cement. The teeth were then coated with two coats of clear nail varnish immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 h, kept in 65% concentrated nitric acid for 3 days. Dye leakage was measured with the dye extraction method using a spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Results: The negative control showed the highest mean values of dye absorbance (1.45). Bone cement (0.94) came second. Calcium sulfate with SEA (0.58) and MTA Plus (0.32) had no significant difference in their dye absorbance values. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, MTA Plus showed the least microleakage followed by calcium sulfate with SEA which has shown promising results and can be used as an alternative followed by bone cement which showed the highest microleakage.
Implicit causality of action verbs at the interface between conceptual structure and discourse coherence relations

Abstract Implicit causality of interpersonal transitive verbs (IC) pertains to preferences to attribute the cause of a given action to the subject or the object referent in active clauses. Causal attribution is operationalized as the probability of referential continuation in a subsequent explanatory clause. This paper presents an explorative investigation into the causal biases of action verbs, which in contrast to affective verbs have received less attention in IC research. We approach implicit causality as a discourse level phenomenon based on the textual level of discourse representation and enriched by conceptual knowledge. In study 1, we targeted IC effects of German action verbs (N = 52) in sentences containing causal, additive and adversative connectives. Results showed that IC based categories of subject-object-, and non-biasing predicates were clearly discernable in causal contexts only. In study 2, we examined effects of situational knowledge (physical affectedness & social acceptability) and affective appraisals (valence & arousal) represented in the conceptual structure of the verbs on the construal of causality biases and their interplay with immediate contextual information such as gender of referents. Results show that higher degrees of physical affectedness were associated with causal attribution to the object referent. This effect was modulated by the affective properties of the verbs. Our findings revealed the influence of physiological arousal, an affective dimension not considered in previous investigations of IC. Actions with a strong physical impact that were characterized by high arousal, e.g., kick, or tickle were more likely to be explained with reference to the subject. Participants also considered the available contextual information, as indicated by the significant interactions of gender information with arousal. Within the subsample of non-biasing verbs, higher estimates for social behavior increased probabilities of causal attributions to the subject.
Long-term color stability of orthodontic adhesives after exposure to different staining agents

Context: The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the color stability of two orthodontic adhesives and (ii) to evaluate the color stability of enamel and ceramic brackets bonded with orthodontic adhesives after exposure to different staining agents. Materials and Methods: Disks were prepared with two orthodontic adhesives (Transbond and Enlight). Color stability evaluation was performed with a spectrophotometer using CIELab parameters. The specimens were divided into four groups and immersed in the following staining agents (n = 5): distilled water (control), coffee, red wine, and cola soft drink, for 1 h/day for 120 days. Twenty molar crowns were also used. The baseline color of enamel was obtained and ceramic brackets were bonded with the orthodontic adhesives. The enamel specimens were divided into four groups and immersed in the same staining agents. After 120 days, another color reading with the brackets in position was taken. The brackets were then removed and the enamel color was again evaluated. Color difference (ΔE) in different time periods was determined and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). Results: Transbond showed lower ΔE than Enlight. Water, cola, and coffee had the lowest ΔE values. Immersion in wine showed the highest ΔE values. For time, the lower ΔE values were found for 24 h and 7 days. Storage times of 60, 90, and 120 days showed the highest ΔE values. ΔE for enamel showed significant differences only for time. Conclusion: Adhesive, staining agents, and storage time influenced the color stability of orthodontic adhesives.
Evaluation of nutritional status among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A single-center study

Background: Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) is a highly prevalent problem affecting the survival of hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study evaluated the nutritional status of HD patients using various assessment methods. Methods: Nutritional status of HD patients was evaluated using assessment tools such as 3-day diet recall, subjective global assessment (SGA), and biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Further, correlation analysis was performed between nutritional marker (serum albumin) and other study variables such as hemoglobin (Hb), protein–calorie intake, and type of diet consumed by the patients. Results: Data from 40 adult patients (aged 22–74 years) on HD were analyzed. The results of our study showed the overall good nutritional status of HD patients. According to SGA ratings, majority of the patient population (82%) was in well-nourished state. Despite lower intake of proteins and calories, serum albumin levels were found to be within normal limits. No significant correlation was found between serum albumin levels and other study parameters, namely, protein intake/kg body weight (BW)/day (r = 0.056, P = 0.73), calorie intake/kg BW/day (r = −0.053, P = 0.74), and Hb levels (r = 0.27, P = 0.18). However, body mass index showed moderately positive correlation with triceps skinfold (r = 0.35, P = 0.03). Further, no significant relationship was observed between the type of diet consumed and serum albumin levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest overall good nutritional status and absence of relationship between nutritional marker, serum albumin, and PEM in HD patients.
Dynamics of the Fluctuating Flying Chain

A chain which is made to flow from a container, forms a striking arch that rises well above the container top. This phenomenon is caused by the well known Mould effect and is explained by a supply of momentum from the container, causing an upwards kick. Here we introduce a theory that allows for dynamic fluctuations of the chain and compare with corresponding simulations and experiments. The predictions for the chain velocity and fountain height agree well with experiments. We also explore the underlying mechanism for this momentum transfer for different chain models and find that it depends subtly on the nature of the chain as well as on the container.
Maladaptive Personality Functioning and Psychopathological Symptoms in Problematic Video Game Players: A Person-Centered Approach

Background A need exists to increase our understanding of the association between maladaptive personality traits, psychopathological symptoms, game preference, and different types of video game use. In the present study, we used a person-centered approach to identify different subtypes of video game players and we explored how they differ in personality profiles, clinical symptoms, and video game usage. Methods We assessed problematic gaming via the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale and self-reported screen time playing video games in a sample of 366 adolescents and young adult gamers. Participants also completed measures on maladaptive personality domains (Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale—20 items), and psychopathological symptoms (DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure) and reported which genre of video games they preferred. Results Using a person-centered, cluster-analytic approach, we identified four clusters of video game players (Occasional, Passionate, Preoccupied, and Disordered) presenting peculiar combinations of problematic gaming scores and time spent online playing video games. Non-problematic gamers (Occasional and Passionate) represented the majority of the sample (62.3% of the participants). Highly involved gamers who exhibited excessive screen time playing video games (Disordered gamers) presented the highest level of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms, and were characterized by the greatest use of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games. Conclusion These results have clinical implications on suggesting the importance to determining whether or not problematic gaming activities reflect a dysfunctional emotion-focused coping strategy to avoid inner unpleasant emotional or a more generally compromised emotional and social functioning.
PEDOT-Based Conducting Polymer Actuators

Conducting polymers, particularly poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), provide a promising materials platform to develop soft actuators or artificial muscles. To date, PEDOT-based actuators are available in the field of bionics, biomedicine, smart textiles, microactuators, and other functional applications. Compared to other conducting polymers, PEDOT provides higher conductivity and chemical stability, lower density and operating voltages, and the dispersion of PEDOT with PSS further enriches performances in solubility, hydrophility, processability, and flexibility, making them advantageous in actuator-based applications. However, the actuators fabricated by PEDOT-based materials are still in their infancy, with many unknowns and challenges that require more comprehensive understanding for their current and future development. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the actuation mechanisms, performance evaluation criteria, processing technologies and configurations, and the most recent progress of materials development and applications. Lastly, we also elaborate on future opportunities for improving and exploiting PEDOT-based actuators.
Vitamin D and the Metabolic Syndrome in Indian Sub-population

Introduction: Low serum 5-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been related to insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. The aim of our analysis was to investigate the association of 25(OH)D with IDF-defined MetS. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 50 participants aged 15–65 years. Results: Mean age of the participants was 42.14 years. 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose (P<0.05). The percentage of subjects with MetS decreased across increasing quintiles of 25(OH)D (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and MetS in the Indian sub-population studied. Further investigations are required to clarify the clinical significance of these findings.
Assessment of road traffic behavior using Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire among school-going adolescents of Jaipur city, Rajasthan: An observational analysis

Background: Adolescents are a relatively healthy group, but their developmental stage makes them vulnerable to many risk-taking behaviors. One such major issue is road safety practices and their risk on roads. Objective: To determine road safety risk behavior among school-going adolescents of Jaipur city and factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to February 2016. A total of 900 school-going adolescents were enrolled from eight schools of Jaipur city and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire was administered. Results: Most of the participants (67.56%) were in the age group of 13–16 years. A total of 682 (75%) adolescents were driving one or other type of vehicle to commute. Out of the 682 vehicle-using adolescents, 603 (88%) had risky behavior on roads. Driving under the influence was found more among those using four-wheelers (10%) than two-wheelers (5%). Almost half of drivers used mobile phones while driving a car or two-wheeler. There was statistically significant association between risk on roads with respect to rising education and occupation of parents. A majority (88.41%) of the school-going students were found to be at risk on roads while driving. Safety-belt was not used by 28% of the students while half did not use a helmet. More than 70% of the car drivers and two-wheeler drivers drove without license. Conclusion: Majority of the adolescent drivers are at risk on roads. Driving without license and/or helmet and using mobile phone are the main risk factors.
Pigs Like It Varied; Feeding Behavior and Pre- and Post-weaning Performance of Piglets Exposed to Dietary Diversity and Feed Hidden in Substrate During Lactation

Timely intake of solid feed is essential to ease the nutritional change from sow's milk to solid feed at weaning and thereby to reduce weaning-related problems. A significant percentage of piglets, however, do not or hardly consume solid feed before weaning. We studied effects of dietary variety and presenting the feed in substrate during lactation on the feeding behavior and performance of piglets up to 2 weeks post-weaning. Feed was provided ad libitum from d4 in two feeders, with four bowls each. In a 2 × 2 arrangement, 40 litters received either creep feed as a monotonous diet (MO) or four feed items simultaneously, i.e., creep feed, celery, cereal honey loops and peanuts, as a diverse diet (DD) and the feed was either provided without (CON) or with substrate (SUB), i.e., sand, in one of the two feeders up to weaning. Dietary diversity highly stimulated feed exploration and eating (≥2.5 times), feed intake and the percentage of (good) eaters from early in lactation, and enhanced piglet growth toward weaning (by 29 g/d), although MO-piglets spent more time eating creep feed from d18. Within MO, SUB-litters consisted of more good eaters than CON-litters. At weaning (d28) four piglets from the same treatment were grouped (n = 40 pens). DD-CON had the highest post-weaning feed intake and gain between d5–15 and the lowest proportion of pigs with higher tail damage scores. However, effects regarding behavior remained inconclusive, as DD-piglets had a lower and higher number of body lesions at 4 h and d15 post-weaning, respectively, spent less time exploring the feed(er) and drinker and environment, and more time nosing pen mates than MO-piglets. SUB-piglets showed a reduction in total post-weaning feed intake, gain (particularly between d0–2) and inactivity, increased levels of manipulation and aggression at week 1 and a higher number of body lesions at 4 h and d15 post-weaning. In conclusion, dietary diversity seems a promising feeding strategy in getting piglets to eat during lactation. Provision of substrate in the feeder subtly stimulated foraging behavior, but negatively impacted post-weaning adaptation, probably because treatments were not reinforced after weaning and piglets thus experienced loss of enrichment.
A Multidimensional Analysis of Religious Extremism

Even though religious extremism is currently a hotly debated topic, it is often reduced to a unidimensional construct that is linked to religious violence. We argue that the contemporary use of the term “extreme” fails to capture the different interpretations, beliefs, and attitudes defining extreme religious identity. To address this issue, we unpack the meaning of the term “extreme” in religious contexts and answer the call by scholars to provide a more comprehensive framework that incorporates the many different dimensions that constitute religion. We develop a model of religious extremism in theological, ritual, social, and political dimensions of religion based on the variety of Islamic groups in Indonesia. Going beyond an analysis that equates Muslim extremism with violence, we argue that Muslims (or indeed any religious group) may be extreme in some dimensions but moderate in others, e.g., extreme in ritual and moderate in political. Interpreting extremism relative to these four dimensions provides new insights when examining the global issue of religious extremism and helps to better predict how religious extremism is expressed. More generally, our framework helps to develop an understanding of radicalism that goes beyond a focus on violence.
Comprehensive Assessment of BARD1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Splicing With Implications for Variant Classification

Introduction: Case–control analyses have shown BARD1 variants to be associated with up to >2-fold increase in risk of breast cancer, and potentially greater risk of triple negative breast cancer. BARD1 is included in several gene sequencing panels currently marketed for the prediction of risk of cancer, however there are no gene-specific guidelines for the classification of BARD1 variants. We present the most comprehensive assessment of BARD1 messenger RNA splicing, and demonstrate the application of these data for the classification of truncating and splice site variants according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. Methods: Nanopore sequencing, short-read RNA-seq (whole transcriptome and targeted), and capillary electrophoresis analysis were performed by four laboratories to investigate alternative BARD1 splicing in blood, breast, and fimbriae/ovary related specimens from non-cancer affected tissues. Splicing data were also collated from published studies of nine different tissues. The impact of the findings for PVS1 annotation was assessed for truncating and splice site variants. Results: We identified 62 naturally occurring alternative spliced BARD1 splicing events, including 19 novel events found by next generation sequencing and/or reverse transcription PCR analysis performed for this study. Quantitative analysis showed that naturally occurring splicing events causing loss of clinically relevant domains or nonsense mediated decay can constitute up to 11.9% of overlapping natural junctions, suggesting that aberrant splicing can be tolerated up to this level. Nanopore sequencing of whole BARD1 transcripts characterized 16 alternative isoforms from healthy controls, revealing that the most complex transcripts combined only two alternative splicing events. Bioinformatic analysis of ClinVar submitted variants at or near BARD1 splice sites suggest that all consensus splice site variants in BARD1 should be considered likely pathogenic, with the possible exception of variants at the donor site of exon 5. Conclusions: No BARD1 candidate rescue transcripts were identified in this study, indicating that all premature translation-termination codons variants can be annotated as PVS1. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that all donor and acceptor (IVS+/−1,2) variants can be considered PVS1 or PVS1_strong, with the exception of variants targeting the exon 5 donor site, that we recommend considering as PVS1_moderate.