Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multicenter, Open-Label, Trial of Sarizotan in Parkinson Disease Patients With Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias (the SPLENDID Study)

Levodopa-related dyskinesias are an important problem in the management of Parkinson disease (PD). They represent a major source of disability for patients and are often difficult to control with available medications. Sarizotan (-2-5[4-fluorophenyl]-3-pyridylmethyl-aminomethyl–chromane, dihydrochloride) or EMD128130 is a new chemical entity that belongs to the aminomethyl chromane chemical group. It is a full agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor and an antagonist for the dopamine receptor with highest affinity for the D4 subtype. Furthermore, the drug had no effect on psychosis in a large double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Based on this receptor profile, it has been postulated that Sarizotan will provide antidyskinetic benefits without the side effects typically associated with classic neuroleptic agents. In MPTP-lesioned monkeys, Sarizotan has been shown to suppress levodopa-induced dyskinesia effectively without worsening parkinsonian motor features. In preclinical studies, Sarizotan is also a weak inhibitor of 11 -hydroxylase, an enzyme forming cortisol in the adrenal gland. This property has led to concern that the drug might be associated with adrenal dysfunction, particularly under conditions of stress. In clinical trials with volunteers, however, doses of Sarizotan up to 10 mg b.i. d. were well tolerated and not associated with adrenal dysfunction. Based on these data, clinical trials of Sarizotan as a treatment of PD have been performed. We now report the results of the first clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of Sarizotan in PD patients with dyskinesia.
Concurrent nematode infection and pregnancy induce physiological responses that impair linear growth in the murine foetus

SUMMARY This study examined concurrent stresses of nematode infection and pregnancy using pregnant and non-pregnant CD1 mice infected 3 times with 0, 50 or 100 Heligmosomoides bakeri larvae. Physiological, energetic, immunological and skeletal responses were measured in maternal and foetal compartments. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was elevated by pregnancy, but not by the trickle infection. Energy demands during pregnancy were met through increased food intake and fat utilization whereas mice lowered their body temperature during infection. Both infection and pregnancy increased visceral organ mass and both altered regional bone area and mineralization. During pregnancy, lumbar mineralization was lower but femur area and mineralization were higher. On the other hand, infection lowered maternal femur bone area and this was associated with higher IFN-γ in maternal serum of heavily infected pregnant mice. Infection also reduced foetal crown-rump length which was associated with higher amniotic fluid IL-1β.
A roadmap of parallel sorting algorithms using GPU computing

In today's world, sorting is a basic need and appropriate method starts with searching. Several sorting algorithms has been developed on CPU (Central Processing Unit). But according to current scenario, CPU is not so efficient in sorting. To get the more speedup of sorting algorithms parallelization should b e done. There are many ways of Parallelizing sorting methods which can be performed by using different tools. But for achieving high efficiency GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) comuting is the most preferable way. The authors of this paper surveyed various aspects in the direction of research of GPU based sorting algorithms. This paper also refined the different research gaps based on GPU sorting algorithms like parallel (Merge, Quick, Bitonic, Odd-Even, Count, and Radix etc.) by using GPU computing with CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Future re s e arch will motivate to do the work in GPU architecture.
Improvement of Dielectric, Magnetic and Thermal Properties of OPEFB Fibre–Polycaprolactone Composite by Adding Ni–Zn Ferrite

The dielectric and magnetic behaviour and thermal properties of composites based on nickel–zinc ferrite (NZF) filler can be improved by the addition of various types of materials. Amongst others, ferrite–polymer composites have been subjected to a wide range of research, due to their extensive applications: electromagnetic interference shielding, microwave absorption, electrodes and sensors. Currently, the interest in scientific and technical searches for the potential outcomes of ferrite–polymer materials due to their different uses in applications such as telecommunication applications, microwave devices and electromagnetic interference shielding has been growing stronger. The dielectric and magnetic behaviour and thermal properties for such composite materials depend on size, shape and the amount of filler addition. Nickel–zinc ferrite material was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction technique. This study highlights the development of microwave-absorbing material from NZF by adding natural fibres, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and polycaprolactone (PCL). OPEFB is considered in this study because it is a solid waste product of the oil palm milling process which is widely and cheaply available. The use of OPEFB in this product may save the environment from oil palm solid waste. A Thermal Hake blending machine was used in blending the powder structure of NZF + OPEFB + PCL, which made it homogeneous. These composites were characterized by the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation behaviour of the composites was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermograms. The effective permittivity and effective permeability was obtained over a broad frequency range from 8 to 12 GHz at room temperature. It was observed that the values of effective permittivity and permeability increased as the content of NZF content increased. A rectangular waveguide connected to a microwave vector network analyser (PNA) (HP/Agilent model PNA E8364B) was employed in measuring the reflection coefficient S11 and transmission coefficient S21 parameters of composites for different percentages of NZF filler. This parameter was then used in calculating the microwave absorbing properties (dB).
Relationship Between Antecedent Dry Period and Highway Pollutant: Conceptual Models of Buildup and Removal Processes

This paper investigated the highway stormwater quality at two Texas cities—Austin and College Station. Two highways with high average daily traffic were monitored using passive stormwater samplers for collecting first‐flush runoff during a 16‐month period. Detailed traffic and weather data were collected at College Station sites, but only weather data were obtained at Austin sites. A stepwise regression analysis on College Station data identifies the antecedent dry period (ADP) as the most significant predictor of pollutant concentration. Specifically, the College Station data show an unexpected result that pollutant event mean concentrations significantly decrease with increasing ADP for all analyzed pollutants. However, the runoff concentrations observed in Austin were not significantly correlated with ADP. The result from College Station data provides a different insight to the pollutant buildup and removal process on highways. Conceptual highway pollutant buildup and removal models are proposed for generating further discussion and research interest.
The Effect of Aripiprazole on Cue-Induced Brain Activation and Drinking Parameters in Alcoholics

Because the effects of alcohol and its environmental cues on brain dopamine have been implicated in the maintenance of heavy drinking, drugs that modify dopamine might be useful in reducing drinking or promoting abstinence. The goal of the current study was to use an established brain imaging paradigm to explore the effect of aripiprazole (final dose 15 mg over a 14-day period), a dopamine stabilizer medication, on alcohol cue-induced brain activation and drinking in alcoholics. Non-treatment-seeking alcoholics were randomly assigned aripiprazole (n = 14) or identical placebo (n = 16) and reported their alcohol use while taking study medication for 14 days before an alcohol cue-induced brain functional magnetic resonance imaging study. In a Philips 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner, subjects were given a sip of alcohol before viewing a randomized presentation alcoholic- and nonalcoholic-beverage photographs while subjects rated their urge to drink. During photograph presentation, changes in regional brain activity were measured, and differences between viewing alcoholic beverage and nonalcoholic beverages were compared within and between groups. Brain activity analysis revealed increased activation for placebo-treated subjects in the right ventral striatum (P < 0.005; threshold 15 voxels), while there was a blunting of activation in this area in the aripiprazole-treated subjects. Aripiprazole-treated subjects, compared with placebo-treated subjects, also had significantly less heavy drinking during the 14-day medication period. The study provides both novel and valuable information regarding the effect of aripiprazole on cue-induced brain activation and voluntary drinking during treatment.
Interleukin‐8 promotes non‐rapid eye movement sleep in rabbits and rats

Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is a cytokine found in the brain. In this study, the ability of IL‐8 to induce sleep in rabbits and rats was investigated. Twenty‐seven Sprague–Dawley rats and 16 male New Zealand White rabbits were provided electroencephalographic (EEG) electrodes, a brain thermistor, and a lateral intracerebroventricular cannula. The animals were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with pyrogen‐free saline and, one of the following doses of IL‐8 on a separate day: 1.25 or 12.5 ng in rabbits and 10, 50, or 100 ng in rats. EEG, brain temperature, and motor activity were recorded for 23 h after the i.c. v. injections. IL‐8 increased time spent in non‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) without affecting rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). In rabbits, both doses of IL‐8 promoted NREMS. In rats, the 10 and 50 ng doses of IL‐8 failed to affect sleep, but the 100 ng dose of IL‐8 enhanced NREMS. EEG slow‐wave activity during NREMS was increased after the high dose of IL‐8 in rabbits. IL‐8 also induced fever in rabbits but not rats. Heat inactivated IL‐8 did not alter any of the parameters measured. Current results support the notion that the brain cytokine network plays a role in sleep regulation.
Validation of a Urine-Based PCR-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Use in Clinical Research Settings To Detect Trichomonas vaginalis in Men

ABSTRACT Trichomonas vaginalis infection is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with urethritis, prostatitis, and urethral strictures in men. However, the natural history and importance of T. vaginalis in men are poorly understood, in part because of difficulties in diagnosing infection. Traditional detection methods rely on culture and wet-mount microscopy, which can be insensitive and time consuming. Urethral swabs are commonly used to detect T. vaginalis in men, but discomfort from specimen collection is a barrier to large studies. One thousand two hundred twenty-five Malawian men attending sexually transmitted disease and dermatology clinics were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to validate detection by urine-based PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with urine and urethral swab culture as the reference standard. This assay for detection of amplified T. vaginalis DNA in first-catch urine (≤30 ml) performed with a sensitivity of 92.7%, a specificity of 88.6%, and an adjusted specificity of 95.2% compared to culture of urethral swabs or urine sediment. For clinical research settings in which urethral swabs are not available and culture is not feasible, the urine-based PCR-ELISA may be useful for detection of trichomoniasis in men.
Polymorphisms of Platelet Adhesive Receptors: Do They Play a Role in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage?

Background: Several reports suggested that polymorphisms affecting the structure or level of the main adhesive platelet glycoproteins (GPs) could behave as genetic risk factors for arterial thrombotic disorders. However, very few reports analyzed the significance of these polymorphisms in bleeding disorders. Interestingly, one study suggested a role of the 807 C/T polymorphism of the collagen receptor GP Ia in the severity of the bleeding manifestations in von Willebrand disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of frequent polymorphisms affecting platelet GPs in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PIH), the third most frequent cause of cerebrovascular disorder. Methods: We evaluated the role of four putative prothrombotic polymorphisms: GP Ia [807 C/T, and human platelet alloantigen system 5 (HPA-5)], GP Ibα (variable number of tandem repeats), and GP IIIa (HPA-1) in 141 Caucasian patients diagnosed of PIH, 141 race-, age-, sex- and risk factor-matched controls, and 446 subjects from the general population. Results: The frequency of genotypes and alleles were similar between patients and controls. Conclusions: Our results suggest that these polymorphisms play a minor role in PIH.
Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

The distribution and organization of cortical projections to the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD), the neighboring cuneate nucleus (Cu), and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were studied in the rat using microinjections of wheat germ agglutinin‐apo horseradish peroxidase‐gold and Biotin‐Dextran. Cortical cells projecting to the caudal medulla were confined to the contralateral layer V with their descending axons crossing the midline at the level of pyramidal decussation. Cortical afferents to Sp5C originated from cells located mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the insular cortex, whereas cortical projections to the Cu originated mainly from the primary motor cortex (M1), the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2). The SRD received dense cortical afferents from larger, widespread cortical areas: M1, M2, S1, S2, and the insular cortex. The existence of dense cortico‐SRD connections supports the possibility of a pyramidal influence over SRD neurons, which might modify nociceptive information ascending to the cortex itself. This proposal is consistent with the fact that SRD efferents terminate densely in thalamic areas that influence sensorimotor cortical regions which in turn project to the SRD. Moreover, these corticofugal mechanisms could allow the cortex to select its own input by suppressing or augmenting transmission of signals through SRD‐hindbrain/forebrain pathways or by coordinating activities in spino‐SRD‐spinal circuits and thus selecting the relevant information produced by the noxious stimulus. J. Comp. Neurol. 410:178–196, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liver sinusoid on a chip: Long‐term layered co‐culture of primary rat hepatocytes and endothelial cells in microfluidic platforms

We describe the generation of microfluidic platforms for the co‐culture of primary hepatocytes and endothelial cells; these platforms mimic the architecture of a liver sinusoid. This paper describes a progressional study of creating such a liver sinusoid on a chip system. Primary rat hepatocytes (PRHs) were co‐cultured with primary or established endothelial cells in layers in single and dual microchannel configurations with or without continuous perfusion. Cell viability and maintenance of hepatocyte functions were monitored and compared for diverse experimental conditions. When primary rat hepatocytes were co‐cultured with immortalized bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a dual microchannel with continuous perfusion, hepatocytes maintained their normal morphology and continued to produce urea for at least 30 days. In order to demonstrate the utility of our microfluidic liver sinusoid platform, we also performed an analysis of viral replication for the hepatotropic hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV replication, as measured by the presence of cell‐secreted HBV DNA, was successfully detected. We believe that our liver model closely mimics the in vivo liver sinusoid and supports long‐term primary liver cell culture. This liver model could be extended to diverse liver biology studies and liver‐related disease research such as drug induced liver toxicology, cancer research, and analysis of pathological effects and replication strategies of various hepatotropic infectious agents. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2571–2582. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current and Future Roles of Lapatinib in HER 2-Positive Breast Cancer

About the Activity This activity is based on a brief article developed as part of the E-Update Series and posted on the Web. It was developed from an identified educational need for information about practical management issues in the practice of medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. This activity has been developed and approved under the direction of CME LLC. Activity Learning Objectives After reading this article, participants should be able to:
JET–ISM INTERACTION IN THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 293: JET-DRIVEN SHOCKS HEAT ISM TO POWER X-RAY AND MOLECULAR H2 EMISSION

We present a 70 ks Chandra observation of the radio galaxy 3C 293. This galaxy belongs to the class of molecular hydrogen emission galaxies (MOHEGs) that have very luminous emission from warm molecular hydrogen. In radio galaxies, the molecular gas appears to be heated by jet-driven shocks, but exactly how this mechanism works is still poorly understood. With Chandra, we observe X-ray emission from the jets within the host galaxy and along the 100 kpc radio jets. We model the X-ray spectra of the nucleus, the inner jets, and the X-ray features along the extended radio jets. Both the nucleus and the inner jets show evidence of 107 K shock-heated gas. The kinetic power of the jets is more than sufficient to heat the X-ray emitting gas within the host galaxy. The thermal X-ray and warm H2 luminosities of 3C 293 are similar, indicating similar masses of X-ray hot gas and warm molecular gas. This is consistent with a picture where both derive from a multiphase, shocked interstellar medium (ISM). We find that radio-loud MOHEGs that are not brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), like 3C 293, typically have and , whereas MOHEGs that are BCGs have and . The more massive, virialized, hot atmosphere in BCGs overwhelms any direct X-ray emission from current jet–ISM interaction. On the other hand, in the Spiderweb BCG at z = 2, which resides in an unvirialized protocluster and hosts a powerful radio source. Over time, jet–ISM interaction may contribute to the establishment of a hot atmosphere in BCGs and other massive elliptical galaxies.
Success with Web-based image access.

The University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Miss. , is the only medical school in the state. We performed 235,000 procedures in the 2001-02 fiscal year. All imaging services within the radiology department are networked to a PACS and are filmless. The elimination of film required that we decentralize our traditional file room to allow easy access to our radiology network across the campus. In our facility, there are three levels of image access: Diagnostic Quality, Review Quality and Web Access. Diagnostic Quality requires top-of-the-line workstations and monitors and is the most expensive. Review Quality workstations represent some savings over Diagnostic and are used in the ICU, orthopedics and surgery. Web Access appears to satisfy most areas outside the main diagnostic department. The account set-up procedure is simple because it uses our intranet email system. Images are easily pasted into presentation applications for articles and conferences. However, the main advantage of Web Access is the low cost. The downside of Web Access is that the images are for review only and are limited by the quality of the monitor in use. It is also somewhat cumbersome to retrieve old or comparison images via this method. The Web only holds approximately 45 days of the most recent images, therefore older studies may not be available. The deployment of this Web-based service has aided in our efforts to reduce the amount of film we print and has also been beneficial in improving patient care through faster service.
Changes in Mortality After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty over a Ten-Year Period

A retrospective review of in-hospital mortality after total hip and total knee arthroplasty was performed to determine whether extensive changes in anesthesia care, introduced in this institution in July 1986, were associated with changes in mortality rates. From 1981 to 1985, the mortality rate was 0.39% (23 of 5874 patients) and from 1987 to 1991, the mortality rate was 0.10% (10 of 9685 patients) (P = 0.0003). Significant reductions in mortality rate were observed for both total hip arthroplasty (from 0.36% to 0.10%) (P = 0.0277) and total knee arthroplasty (from 0.44% to 0.10%) (P = 0.0131). The mortality rate of 0.10% is significantly less than previously published rates. Marked changes in anesthesia management were associated with a significant reduction in mortality after total hip and knee arthroplasty. (Anesth Analg 1995;80:242-8)
ANOSMIA AFTER ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

OBJECTIVEAnosmia has an important impact on well-being but is often neglected by physicians. In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), anosmia has mainly been reported after surgery for aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery. We studied the prevalence, predisposing factors (aneurysm site and type of treatment), impact, and prognosis of anosmia in patients with SAH. METHODSOf the patients with SAH who resumed independent living, we included all patients treated by coiling between 1997 and 2003 and a sample of patients treated by clipping between 1985 and 2001. Patients underwent structured interviews regarding the presence and duration of anosmia. The impact of anosmia was scored using a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (no influence) to 100 (the worst thing that ever happened to them). Risk factors for anosmia were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTSOverall, 89 of the 315 interviewed patients (28%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23–34%) reported anosmia after SAH (mean follow-up period, 7.4 yr), including 10 (15%) of the 67 coiled patients and 79 (32%) of the 248 clipped patients. The median visual analog scale impact score was 53 (range, 0–100). In 20 of the 89 patients (23%; 95% CI, 15–33), the symptoms had improved over time. Risk factors for anosmia were treatment by clipping (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.7) and anterior communicating artery aneurysms (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.3). CONCLUSIONAnosmia after SAH has a high prevalence, considerable impact, and poor prognosis. Its occurrence after coiling suggests not only damage to the olfactory nerve by clipping but also that the SAH itself plays a role in its pathogenesis.
A nonparametric estimation of the entropy for absolutely continuous distributions (Corresp.)

Let F(x) be an absolutely continuous distribution having a density function f(x) with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The Shannon entropy is defined as H(f) = -\int f(x) \ln f(x) dx . In this correspondence we propose, based on a random sample X_{1}, \cdots , X_{n} generated from F , a nonparametric estimate of H(f) given by \hat{H}(f) = -(l/n) \sum_{i = 1}^{n} \In \hat{f}(x) , where \hat{f}(x) is the kernel estimate of f due to Rosenblatt and Parzen. Regularity conditions are obtained under which the first and second mean consistencies of \hat{H}(f) are established. These conditions are mild and easily satisfied. Examples, such as Gamma, Weibull, and normal distributions, are considered.