Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interaction between co-morbid substance use and psychosis: An exploratory study of service users' beliefs and attitudes.

Purpose. To review the current literature on how the interaction between substance use and psychosis influences the clinical presentation of clients. The areas of. symptoms and course of illness; engagement with services; violence, suicide and criminal behaviour; and treatment approaches are examined in detail. Methods. A search of the PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES databases was conducted using the search terms `schizophrenia' and `psychosis' paired with `alcohol', `cannabis', `cocaine', `amphetamine' and `substance' individually. The search term `dual diagnosis' was also entered independently. Results. 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. The literature suggests that individuals with schizophrenia who use substances experience more severe symptoms. It is also suggested that this client group are more likely to disengage from services. Stimulant use by this clinical population has been found to be associated with a higher incidence of violent and criminal behaviour and substance use of any kind with increased risk of suicidal ideation. The weight of evidence suggests that integrated treatment packages are more able to meet the needs of this clinical group than traditional, non-integrated interventions. Conclusions. The clinical outcome for this group is significantly worse than for people with schizophrenia who do not use substances. Further evaluation of integrated, and other service innovations needs to be conducted to guide future service developments. The literature reviewed supports a multiple risk factor model whereby schizophrenia and substance use interact and maintain each other.
Linking Early Life Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Functioning, Brain Asymmetries, and Personality Traits in Dyslexia: An Informative Case Study

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multi-system disorder, combining influences of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. The causative interaction between specific genetic factors, brain regions, and personality/mental disorders, as well as specific learning disabilities, has been thoroughly investigated with regard to the approach of developing a multifaceted diagnostic procedure with an intervention strategy potential. In an attempt to add new translational evidence to the interconnection of the above factors in the occurrence of DD, we performed a combinatorial analysis of brain asymmetries, personality traits, cognitive and learning skills, and expression profiles of selected genes in an adult, early diagnosed with DD, and in his son of typical development. We focused on the expression of genes, based on the assumption that the regulation of transcription may be affected by genetic and epigenetic factors. The results highlighted a potential chain link between neuroplasticity-related as well as stress-related genes, such as BDNF, Sox4, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and GILZ, leftward asymmetries in the amygdala and selective cerebellum lobules, and tendencies for personality disorders and dyslexia. This correlation may reflect the presence of a specific neuro-epigenetic component of DD, ensuing from the continuous, multifaceted difficulties in the acquisition of cognitive and learning skills, which in turn may act as a fostering mechanism for the onset of long-term disorders. This is in line with recent findings demonstrating a dysfunction in processes supported by rapid neural adaptation in children and adults with dyslexia. Accordingly, the co-evaluation of all the above parameters may indicate a stress-related dyslexia endophenotype that should be carefully considered for a more integrated diagnosis and effective intervention.
Perceptual confusions for temporally smoothed envelope of consonants in normal hearing listeners

The slow time-intensity modulation of the speech envelope, defined as fluctuations in the overall amplitude at rates between about 2 Hz and 50 Hz, can convey important linguistic information, manner of articulation, the presence of voicing, and some prosodic information [1]. The importance of these temporal envelope cues to speech perception has been demonstrated because it is believed that the cues can be treated as the only information available to people with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss and for cochlear implant (CI) users [2-5]. If listeners with severe or profound hearing loss can only utilize limited fine spectral and temporal information [6], temporal envelope Purpose: The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of temporal envelope cues on consonant confusions.
Event Structure In Vision And Language

Our visual experience is surprisingly rich: We do not only see low-level properties such as colors or contours; we also see events, or what is happening. Within linguistics, the examination of how we talk about events suggests that relatively abstract elements exist in the mind which pertain to the relational structure of events, including general thematic roles (e.g., Agent), Causation, Motion, and Transfer. For example, “Alex gave Jesse flowers” and “Jesse gave Alex flowers” both refer to an event of transfer, with the directionality of the transfer having different social consequences. The goal of the present research is to examine the extent to which abstract event information of this sort (event structure) is generated in visual perceptual processing. Do we perceive this information, just as we do with more ‘traditional’ visual properties like color and shape? In the first study (Chapter 2), I used a novel behavioral paradigm to show that event roles – who is acting on whom – are rapidly and automatically extracted from visual scenes, even when participants are engaged in an orthogonal task, such as color or gender identification. In the second study (Chapter 3), I provided functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) evidence for commonality in content between neural representations elicited by static snapshots of actions and by full, dynamic action sequences. These two studies suggest that relatively abstract representations of events are spontaneously extracted from sparse visual information. In the final study (Chapter 4), I return to language, the initial inspiration for my investigations of events in vision. Here I test the hypothesis that the human brain represents verbs in part via their associated event structures. Using a model of verbs based on event-structure semantic features (e.g., Cause, Motion, Transfer), it was possible to successfully predict fMRI responses in language-selective brain regions as people engaged in real-time comprehension of naturalistic speech. Taken together, my research reveals that in both perception and language, the mind rapidly constructs a representation of the world that includes events with relational structure. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Psychology First Advisor John C. Trueswell Second Advisor Russell A. Epstein
There is More than One Way to Frame a Curve

The Frenet frame of a 3-times continuously differentiable (that is, C3) nondegenerate curve in euclidean space has long been the standard vehicle for analysing properties of the curve invariant under euclidean motions. For arbitrary moving frames, that is, orthonormal basis fields, we can express the derivatives of the frame with respect to the curve parameter in terms of the frame itself, and due to orthonormality the coefficient matrix is always skew-symmetric. Thus it generally has three nonzero entries. The Frenet frame gains part of its special significance from the fact that one of the three derivatives is always zero. Another feature of the Frenet frame is that it is adapted to the curve: the members are either tangent to or perpendicular to the curve. It is the purpose of this paper to show that there are other frames which have these same advantages and to compare them with the Frenet frame.
Environmental Education and Waste Management Behavior Among Undergraduate Students of the University of Calabar, Nigeria

This study set out to examine the role Environmental Education can play in influencing Environmental Education student’s waste management behavior among undergraduate’s students of the University of Calabar. Three purposes were pursued, where three research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research design adopted is the survey inferential research design. 212 respondents were selected as sample from a population of 568 students registered in the department of Environmental Education (both NUC and CES streams). a structured questionnaire with the four point Likert scale modified response options. A total of 212 questionnaires were administered to the respondents in their various classes, before lectures and same were retrieved. Data generated from the field was coded and analyzed using simple percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis at0.05 significance level and at 210 degree of freedom. It was discovered that the waste management behavior of undergraduate students are negative, their waste disposal methods include ‘’throw away mentality’’, burning and dumping into gutter and drainages. The Correlation analyses show a positive significant relationship between Environmental Education and student’s waste management behavior among undergraduate students of the University of Calabar. The study also found that Environmental Education can influence the waste disposal methods adopted by undergraduate students of Environmental Education in the University of Calabar. It was concluded that Environmental Education has the magic wand that can influence positive environmental attitude, behavior and perception towards positive waste management. It was recommended among others that Environmental Education should be introduced into our school curriculums at all level. Keywords: Environmental Education, waste management behavior, waste disposal methods, waste management attitude and waste perception DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-24-11 Publication date: August 31st 2019
Validity and Reliability of the Oral Health Impact Profile Instrument (OHIP-14) in Adolescents

Abstract Oral conditions impact on the individual’s health and quality of life. The use of a valid and reliable instrument provides accuracy in the measurement of this impact. This study aimed to assess the evidences of validity and reliability of the Oral Health Impact Profile instrument (OHIP-14) in adolescents. A total of 763 adolescents participated in the study. The OHIP-14, the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and intraoral examinations were used. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the OHIP-14 showed acceptable adjustment indexes: CFI = 0.957; GFI = 0.959 and RMSEA=0.063. Normative oral health conditions show significant association with OHIP-14 scores. Significant correlation was observed between the total OHIP-14 score and the scores of self-perception of oral health (p < 0.001) and the physical and mental dimensions of the SF-12 (p < 0.001). The Cronbach alpha coefficient was adequate (α = 0.87). OHIP-14 was showed satisfactory validity and reliability, subsiding its use in studies that assess the self-perception of oral health for this population.
Intelligence as a Psychological Mechanism for Ecotheory of Creativity

Evolution causes biological and cultural diversity through adaptation to environmental conditions. This idea forms the cornerstone of recent research on the ecological origins of innovation and creativity, advanced prominently by Van de Vliert and Murray (2018) as the ecotheory of creativity. Van de Vliert and Murray propose that heat demands and cold demands impose different selection pressures on human creativity, which are further moderated by wealth resources. This commentary tests the hypothesis that population-level variation in intelligence serves as one of the mechanisms that links atmospheric cold demands to population-level variation in creativity. The results of a mediation analysis show that 70.7% of the cross-nationally significant effect of cold demands on national creative culture (r = .55, p < .001, n = 155 nations) is mediated by intelligence. This finding responds to Van de Vliert and Murray’s research call for a more detailed understanding of the psychobehavioral mechanisms underpinning human adaptation to harsh environments. Overall, the results complement existing research which indicates that intelligence and cultural innovations may form two interlinked constituents of a suite of human adaptations or adaptive responses to cold climate.
Modification of Peak Plasticity Induced by Brief Dark Exposure

The capacity for neural plasticity in the mammalian central visual system adheres to a temporal profile in which plasticity peaks early in postnatal development and then declines to reach enduring negligible levels. Early studies to delineate the critical period in cats employed a fixed duration of monocular deprivation to measure the extent of ocular dominance changes induced at different ages. The largest deprivation effects were observed at about 4 weeks postnatal, with a steady decline in plasticity thereafter so that by about 16 weeks only small changes were measured. The capacity for plasticity is regulated by a changing landscape of molecules in the visual system across the lifespan. Studies in rodents and cats have demonstrated that the critical period can be altered by environmental or pharmacological manipulations that enhance plasticity at ages when it would normally be low. Immersion in complete darkness for long durations (dark rearing) has long been known to alter plasticity capacity by modifying plasticity-related molecules and slowing progress of the critical period. In this study, we investigated the possibility that brief darkness (dark exposure) imposed just prior to the critical period peak can enhance the level of plasticity beyond that observed naturally. We examined the level of plasticity by measuring two sensitive markers of monocular deprivation, namely, soma size of neurons and neurofilament labeling within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Significantly larger modification of soma size, but not neurofilament labeling, was observed at the critical period peak when dark exposure preceded monocular deprivation. This indicated that the natural plasticity ceiling is modifiable and also that brief darkness does not simply slow progress of the critical period. As an antecedent to traditional amblyopia treatment, darkness may increase treatment efficacy even at ages when plasticity is at its highest.
Gearing Up For Successful Digital Transformation

Business success depends on understanding how external forces such as globalization, demographics, and sustainability impact a company’s competitive strategy and position.2 Success also depends on exploiting powerful and reasonably priced digital infrastructures that include mobile technologies, especially smartphones; cloud computing, especially softwareas-a-service for such applications as artificial intelligence and machine learning; wired and wireless networks; and the Internet of things. In fact, digital technology platforms have become the foundation for an increasing share of economic growth. Digital technologies enable the development of new or enhanced products and services delivered to customers more efficiently. These technologies also enable fundamentally new ways to organize business.3 Digital transformation is the reinvention of the company— its vision and strategy, organizational structure, processes, capabilities, and culture. Such transformations not only change companies, but also markets and entire industries.
Domestic Violence in Assam: Socio-structural Dynamics

Conventional wisdom would have us believe that Assam is a state where the status of women is comparatively better off than that of their counterparts in the rest of India, that they suffer from fewer instances of domestic violence. The geographical contiguity of a region which contains some matrilineal tribal societies, significant female mobility, and a near absence of practices such as dowry or sati as part of tradition, might lend some credibility to this belief. However, present indicators and crime statistics have actually shown a high incidence of overall crimes against women in Assam. A complex socio-political milieu, characterised by increasing militarism and insurgency, continuing ethnic and group conflicts in an overall environment where ‘market forces’ dominate, has in its own way posed serious challenges to the security of women and led to the opening up of more and more ‘violent spaces’ –the home being one one of them. The present study endeavours to explore the socio-structural dynamics and contexts rooted in Assam that perpetuate domestic violence against women. The study underscores the necessity of informed policy-level interventions and a holistic approach to address structural constraints that underpin such violence.
An experiment to assess emotional and physiological arousal and personality correlates while imagining deceit

In order to examine how personality traits, emotional arousal and physiological arousal affect deception confidence, students (N = 102) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised (EPQ–R) as well as stress and deception tasks while their heart rate variability was measured. Findings indicated psychoticism did not moderate how physiologically aroused participants were while viewing emotionally salient stimuli (video of a road traffic accident) or the thought of enacting deceit, although this came close to significance. However, participants (particularly males) higher in psychoticism reported less subjective distress after imagining enacting deceit than those lower on psychoticism. Extroversion had no impact on physiological arousal when viewing emotionally salient stimuli or thinking about enacting deceit. However, extroverts reported more subjective distress after thinking about enacting deceit than introverts. Also, deception confidence was not correlated to any of these variables. Future research could examine a sample higher in psychoticism and how this trait impacts deception confidence.
Conducting research in long-term care settings

Nursing homes are rich repositories of data, yet are underutilized for controlled research studies. This book is a hands-on guide to conducting long-term care research in both nursing homes and home care settings. It offers an overview of possible research in the field, along with practical information on how to gain access to and work with complex institutions that may not welcome change. The author also suggests the most effective research methodology for long-term care settings, and how to implement and disseminate successful research.
Implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru Di Sd Katolik 143 Bhaktyarsa Maumere

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi profesional guru melalui implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) di SD Katolik 143 Bhaktyarsa Maumere. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru SD Katolik 143 Bhaktyarsa Maumere berjumlah 7 orang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purpossive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan mereduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kepala sekolah melakukan diskusi dalam pengambilan kebijakan yang akan diterapkan oleh sekolah, kepala sekolah melakukan evaluasi dengan memeriksa perangkat pembelajaran, kehadiran guru, prestasi belajar siswa dan keaktifan guru dalam kegiatan pelatihan (diklat), seminar, workshop, dan bimtek untuk menambah wawasan guru dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesionalnya melalui pelaksanaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS). Kepala sekolah melakukan supervisi administrasi pembelajaran, administrasi kelas, mengevaluasi hasil supervisi, dan menindaklanjuti hasil supervisi. Prestasi kelulusan siswa setiap tahunnya mencapai 100% lulus. Ini membuktikan bahwa siswa memiliki peningkatan pada hasil belajar dan dengan demikian terlihat peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru melalui implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS).
Exploring and Measuring City Brand Personality in Small Cities

City branding strategy has received considerable interest since it play an important part in promoting city competitiveness and uniqueness. The purpose of this research is to analyse in more depth the dimensions of the City Brand Personality of three small cities in East Java Indonesia, as identified in previous research. Survey method was employed through questionnaires involving 360 residents in three cities to assess five dimensions of brand personality with a total of 42 personality traits from Aaker’s Brand Personality Dimensions and Traits represented the city. The result of the research using descriptive statistical analysis shows that the city branding communication used by the three different cities have similarities, in terms of involving the residents to participate in tourism activities, selecting tourism ambassadors, and actively conducting activities in the form of festivals and sports events to attract the tourists visitation to their area. In terms of brand personality dimensions, it was found that Batu city and Banyuwangi regency possessed characteristics of full excitement, while Surabaya city was considered full of competence. In addition, those cities were far from ruggedness. This examination of city brand personality as an application of city branding communication would extend the brand personality framework to city branding study. Keywords—brand personality; city branding; small city;
Burial and exhumation of the Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from detrital (U‐Th)/He ages

The uplift and associated exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau has been widely considered a key control of Cenozoic global cooling. The south‐central parts of this plateau experienced rapid exhumation during the Cretaceous–Palaeocene periods. When and how the northern part was exhumed, however, remains controversial. The Hoh Xil Basin (HXB) is the largest late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the northern part, and it preserves the archives of the exhumation history. We present detrital apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He data from late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the western and eastern HXB. These data, combined with regional geological constraints and interpreted with inverse and forward model of sediment deposition and burial reheating, suggest that the occurrence of ca. 4–2.7 km and ca. 4–2.3 km of vertical exhumation initiated at ca. 30–25 Ma and 40–35 Ma in the eastern and western HXB respectively. The initial differential exhumation of the eastern HXB and the western HXB might be controlled by the oblique subduction of the Qaidam block beneath the HXB. The initial exhumation timing in the northern Tibetan Plateau is younger than that in the south‐central parts. This reveals an episodic exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau compared to models of synchronous Miocene exhumation of the entire plateau and the early Eocene exhumation of the northern Tibetan Plateau shortly after the India–Asia collision. One possible mechanism to account for outward growth is crustal shortening. A simple model of uplift and exhumation would predict a maximum of 0.8 km of surface uplift after upper crustal shortening during 30–27 Ma, which is insufficient to explain the high elevations currently observed. One way to increase elevation without changing exhumation rates and to decouple uplift from upper crustal shortening is through the combined effects of continental subduction, mantle lithosphere removal and magmatic inflation.