Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Maturation of Serotonin Neuron Identity and Function

The brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system has been extensively studied for its role in normal physiology and behavior, as well as, neuropsychiatric disorders. The broad influence of 5-HT on brain function, is in part due to the vast connectivity pattern of 5-HT-producing neurons throughout the CNS. 5-HT neurons are born and terminally specified midway through embryogenesis, then enter a protracted period of maturation, where they functionally integrate into CNS circuitry and then are maintained throughout life. The transcriptional regulatory networks controlling progenitor cell generation and terminal specification of 5-HT neurons are relatively well-understood, yet the factors controlling 5-HT neuron maturation are only recently coming to light. In this review, we first provide an update on the regulatory network controlling 5-HT neuron development, then delve deeper into the properties and regulatory strategies governing 5-HT neuron maturation. In particular, we discuss the role of the 5-HT neuron terminal selector transcription factor (TF) Pet-1 as a key regulator of 5-HT neuron maturation. Pet-1 was originally shown to positively regulate genes needed for 5-HT synthesis, reuptake and vesicular transport, hence 5-HT neuron-type transmitter identity. It has now been shown to regulate, both positively and negatively, many other categories of genes in 5-HT neurons including ion channels, GPCRs, transporters, neuropeptides, and other transcription factors. Its function as a terminal selector results in the maturation of 5-HT neuron excitability, firing characteristics, and synaptic modulation by several neurotransmitters. Furthermore, there is a temporal requirement for Pet-1 in the control of postmitotic gene expression trajectories thus indicating a direct role in 5-HT neuron maturation. Proper regulation of the maturation of cellular identity is critical for normal neuronal functioning and perturbations in the gene regulatory networks controlling these processes may result in long-lasting changes in brain function in adulthood. Further study of 5-HT neuron gene regulatory networks is likely to provide additional insight into how neurons acquire their mature identities and how terminal selector-type TFs function in postmitotic vertebrate neurons.
Demand-led e-learning and the elusive total solution

Demand-led learning offers resources to learners when they want them; total solution learning takes the learner from induction to final accreditation through a seamless process. The University of Southampton attempted to deliver basic information technology skills through the support of these processes. Steps in the seamless process were designed, developed and implemented. Face-to-face intervention was eliminated, apart from initial learner induction and online-test invigilation. Feedback loops were planned so that success (eg, in completing the accreditation) might encourage further success through collaborative and competitive peer learning. Critical dependency issues arose whilst implementing the solution. When learning delivery was disrupted by systems failure, the indirect effects on learner motivation and resourcefulness proved as damaging as system breaks themselves. This made the institutionalisation of the learning elusive, but key areas have been identified for further investigation.
CpxR/OmpR Interplay Regulates Curli Gene Expression in Response to Osmolarity in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Curli fibers could be described as a virulence factor able to confer adherence properties to both abiotic and eukaryotic surfaces. The ability to adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions through signal transduction pathways is crucial for the growth and pathogenicity of bacteria. OmpR was shown to activate csgD expression, resulting in curli production. The CpxR regulator was shown to negatively affect curli gene expression when binding to its recognition site that overlaps the csgD OmpR-binding site. This study was undertaken to clarify how the interplay between the two regulatory proteins, OmpR and CpxR, can affect the transcription of the curli gene in response to variation of the medium osmolarity. Band-shift assays with purified CpxR proteins indicate that CpxR binds to the csgD promoter region at multiple sites that are ideally positioned to explain the csg repression activity of CpxR. To understand the physiological meaning of this in vitro molecular phenomenon, we analyzed the effects of an osmolarity shift on the two-component pathway CpxA/CpxR. We establish here that the Cpx pathway is activated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in response to a high osmolarity medium and that CpxR represses csgD expression in high-salt-content medium, resulting in low curli production. However, csgD repression in response to high sucrose content is not mediated by CpxR but by the global regulatory protein H-NS. Therefore, multiple systems (EnvZ/OmpR, Cpx, Rcs, and H-NS) appear to be involved in sensing environmental osmolarity, leading to sophisticated regulation of the curli genes.
Control Performance Analysis and Improvement of a Modular Power Converter for Three-Phase SRM With Y-Connected Windings and Neutral Line

In this paper, the control performances of a modular power converter for a three-phase switched reluctance machine (SRM) are analyzed and improved. The converter is implemented by a dual and a six-pack IGBT module, and the phase windings of the SRM are Y-connected and bipolar excited. The performances of the existing control method for this converter are evaluated by simulation and compared with those for the traditional asymmetric half-bridge converter, and the drawbacks, such as big torque ripple and small average torque, are presented. With the new operating modes of phase branch, namely magnetization, freewheeling, and demagnetization, improved basic control methods are proposed, which can effectively enhance the performances, flexibility, and applicability of the converter. Furthermore, the direct instantaneous torque control, which can reduce the torque ripple, is realized with the converter as well. Several simulations and experiments under different working conditions are carried out to verify the performances of the improved control methods.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo interstitial deletion of 5q23.3q31.2 and its phenotypic consequences

We report a $2{3 \over {12}}$‐year‐old boy with a constitutional interstitial deletion of 5q,46,XY,del(5)(q23.3q31.2) de novo. Clinical manifestations in this patient included failure to thrive, psychomotor retardation, mild facial dysmorphic features, and long and slender fingers and toes. The precise location and extent (9.5 Mb) of the deletion was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 19 YAC and BAC clones. Comparison of the present patient with six other patients with deletions of chromosomal bands 5q22–5q31 allowed further delineation of a constitutional del5q22q31 syndrome. The main features of this syndrome are psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive, hypotonia, hypoplastic muscles, cleft or high arched palate, low‐set and dysplastic ears, flat nasal bridge, downslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, anteverted nostrils, and micro‐ and/or retrognathia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of restoration technique on stress distribution in extensively destroyed premolars: a finite element analysis study

Objetivo: Analisar, por meio do metodo dos elementos finitos, a distribuicao de tensoes em elemento dental pre-molar inferior unirradicular restaurado de duas maneiras distintas. Metodos: A simulacao laboratorial considerou as seguintes situacoes: 1) pre-molar restaurado com nucleo metalico fundido em liga aurea e coroa em cerâmica; 2) pre-molar restaurado com pino de fibra de vidro, nucleo de preenchimento em resina composta e coroa em cerâmica. Para isso foi utilizado um modelo bidimensional de um pre-molar com aplicacao de carga de 300N nas direcoes axial e obliqua com uso de programa ANSYS para Windows. Resultados: Diante da carga axial, foi observada uma maior concentracao de tensoes na regiao do nucleo fundido (166 Mpa). Na simulacao de carga obliqua, observou-se uma concentracao de tensoes na parede radicular vestibular, interna e externamente, no dente restaurado com nucleo fundido (222 Mpa). Nas duas situacoes em estudo, o pino de fibra de vidro e nucleo de preenchimento dissipou, com maior uniformidade, a tensao recebida (55 a 111 Mpa). Conclusao: Esses dados sugerem que o uso de pino de fibra pre-fabricado e nucleo de preenchimento em resina composta pode ser mais vantajoso que a indicacao de nucleo fundido, sob o ponto-de-vista biomecânico, em dente pre-molar inferior unirradicular.
Antiepileptic drugs and suicidality: An expert consensus statement from the Task Force on Therapeutic Strategies of the ILAE Commission on Neuropsychobiology

In 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an alert to health care professionals about an increased risk of suicide ideation and suicide behavior in people treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Since then, a number of retrospective cohort and case–control studies have been published that are trying to address this issue, but gathered results are contradictory. This report represents an expert consensus statement developed by an ad hoc task force of the Commission on Neuropsychobiology of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Although some (but not all) AEDs can be associated with treatment‐emergent psychiatric problems that can lead to suicidal ideation and behavior, the actual suicidal risk is yet to be established, but it seems to be very low. The risk of stopping AEDs or refusing to start AEDs is significantly worse and can actually result in serious harm including death to the patient. Suicidality in epilepsy is multifactorial, and different variables are operant. Clinicians should investigate the existence of such risk factors and adopt appropriate screening instruments. If necessary, patients should be referred for a psychiatric evaluation, but AED treatment should not be withheld, even in patients with positive suicidal risks. When starting an AED or switching from one to other AEDs, patients should be advised to report to their treating physician any change in mood and suicidal ideation. Data on treatment‐emergent psychiatric adverse events need to be collected, in addition to general safety information, during controlled studies in order to have meaningful information for patients and their relatives when a new drug is marketed.
Labour Market Status, Insecurity and Health

Workplace closure results in unselective unemployment. This unique feature has enabled studies of workplace closure to make a significant contribution to knowledge about the effect of unemployment on health. A review of recent longitudinal, controlled studies of workplace closure documents their contribution to this knowledge. It also identifies a number of methodological problems and the scarcity of data on white- collar workers and gender differences. Results are presented from a study of the health effects of job insecurity, change and loss among white- collar men and women which was able to address some of the methodological disadvantages of previous studies.
fMRI evidence of compensatory mechanisms in older adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease

Objective: To determine whether APOE genotype influences brain response and whether nonverbal stimuli generate findings comparable with those of previous studies that used verbal stimuli. The relationship between APOE genotype and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) brain response was examined during a picture-encoding task in nondemented older adults. Methods: Twenty nondemented participants with normal episodic memory function were divided into two groups based on the presence (n = 10) or absence (n = 10) of the APOE ε4 allele. Picture learning was completed during functional MRI in a blocked design alternating between experimental (novel pictures) and control (repeated picture) conditions. Results: Nondemented older adults with an APOE ε4 allele showed greater magnitude and extent of BOLD brain response during learning of new pictures relative to their matched ε3 counterparts. Different patterns and directions of association between hippocampal activity and learning and memory performance were also demonstrated. Conclusions: The results suggest that brain response differences are not due to poorer general memory abilities, differential atrophy, or brain response during control conditions, but instead appear to be directly influenced by APOE genotype. Results are consistent with a compensatory hypothesis wherein older adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease by virtue of the APOE ε4 allele appear to require additional cognitive effort to achieve comparable performance levels on tests of episodic memory encoding.
The Neogene transition from C3 to C4 grasslands in North America: assemblage analysis of fossil phytoliths

Abstract The rapid ecological expansion of grasses with C4 photosynthesis at the end of the Neogene (8-2 Ma) is well documented in the fossil record of stable carbon isotopes. As one of the most profound vegetation changes to occur in recent geologic time, it paved the way for modern tropical grassland ecosystems. Changes in CO2 levels, seasonality, aridity, herbivory, and fire regime have all been suggested as potential triggers for this broadly synchronous change, long after the evolutionary origin of the C4 pathway in grasses. To date, these hypotheses have suffered from a lack of direct evidence for floral composition and structure during this important transition. This study aimed to remedy the problem by providing the first direct, relatively continuous record of vegetation change for the Great Plains of North America for the critical interval (ca. 12-2 Ma) using plant silica (phytolith) assemblages. Phytoliths were extracted from late Miocene–Pliocene paleosols in Nebraska and Kansas. Quantitative phytolith analysis of the 14 best-preserved assemblages indicates that habitats varied substantially in openness during the middle to late Miocene but became more uniformly open, corresponding to relatively open grassland or savanna, during the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Phytolith data also point to a marked increase of grass short cells typical of chloridoid and other potentially C4 grasses of the PACMAD clade between 8 and 5 Ma; these data suggest that the proportion of these grasses reached up to ∼50–60% of grasses, resulting in mixed C3-C4 and highly heterogeneous grassland communities by 5.5 Ma. This scenario is consistent with interpretations of isotopic records from paleosol carbonates and ungulate tooth enamel. The rise in abundance of chloridoids, which were present in the central Great Plains since the early Miocene, demonstrates that the “globally” observed lag between C4 grass evolution/taxonomic diversification and ecological expansion occurred at the regional scale. These patterns of vegetation alteration imply that environmental change during the late Miocene–Pliocene played a major role in the C3-C4 shift in the Great Plains. Specifically, the importance of chloridoids as well as a decline in the relative abundance of forest indicator taxa, including palms, point to climatic drying as a key trigger for C4 dominance.
The minimum peptides of IGF-1 and substance P protect vestibular hair cells against neomycin ototoxicity

Abstract Conclusions: Our data indicate that SSSR and SSSR + FGLM-NH2 protect sensory hair cells against neomycin-induced death in the vestibular epithelium. In addition, the results show that SSSR and FGLM-NH2 can be used as protective molecules against aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Objectives: This study investigated the role of the peptides SSSR and SSSR + FGLM-NH2 in mammalian vestibular hair cell death induced by aminoglycoside. Methods: Cultured utricles from mature CBA/N mice were used in this study. The cultured utricles were assigned to five groups (control group, neomycin group, neomycin + SSSR group, neomycin + FGLM-NH2 group, and neomycin + SSSR + FGLM-NH2 group). Aat 24 h after exposure to neomycin, the hair cells were labeled immunohistochemically, and the rate of survival of vestibular hair cells was evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. Results: The rate of survival of vestibular hair cells was significantly higher in the neomycin + SSSR and neomycin + SSSR + FGLM-NH2 groups than in the neomycin group. The results suggest that SSSR could protect hair cells against aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
Coverage and Capacity Analysis with Stretched Exponential Path Loss in Ultra-Dense Networks

The distinct features of Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs), namely, the close proximity of the users to the serving base stations (BSs), the high idle mode probability and the increasing probability of Line-of-Sight (LOS) links to the serving BS, impose a set of requirements on the realistic and accurate modeling of the performance of such networks. In this paper, we consider modeling the path loss by a stretched exponential model which accurately addresses the short distances (5m-350m) between the (serving/interfering) BSs and the users in UDN. Moreover, we study the impact of turning off inactive BSs, as an effective interference mitigation scheme, on the performance of the network in terms of the coverage probability, the network throughput, and the area spectral efficiency. We employ tools from stochastic geometry to model the network as a Homogeneous Poisson Point Process (HPPP). Also, Rayleigh channel fading is assumed for tractability purposes. The results show the significant impact of the users' density on the network performance where the system's interference is upper-bounded mainly by the density of the active users, thanks to turning off the inactive BSs.
Scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among American Samoan Children, 2011–2012

Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to bacterial superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, bacterial superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a bacterial superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged <1 year had the highest incidence (99.9/1,000 children). Children aged 0–4 years were 4.9 times more likely and those aged 5–9 years were 2.2 times more likely to have received a scabies diagnosis than children aged 10–14 years. Conclusions/Significance Scabies and its sequelae cause substantial morbidity among AS children. Bacterial superinfection prevalence and frequent reinfestations highlight the importance of diagnosing scabies and early treatment of patients and close contacts. Investigating why certain AS counties have a lower scabies incidence might help guide recommendations for improving scabies control among counties with a higher incidence. We recommend interventions targeting infants and young children who have frequent close family contact.
Fearful-avoidance, disorganization, and multiple working models: Some directions for future theory and research

Attachment & Human Development Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld. com/smpp/title~content=t713394054 Fearful-avoidance, disorganization, and multiple working models: Some directions for future theory and research Jeffry A. Simpson a; W. Steven Rholes a a Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA.
Safetxt: a pilot randomised controlled trial of an intervention delivered by mobile phone to increase safer sex behaviours in young people

Objective To test the procedures proposed for a main trial of a safer sex intervention for young people delivered by mobile phone text message (‘safetxt’). Design and setting Pilot randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited through sexual health services in the UK. An independent online randomisation system allocated participants to receive the safetxt intervention or to receive the control text messages (monthly messages about participation in the study). Texting software delivered the messages in accordance with a predetermined schedule. Participants Residents of England aged 16–24 who had received either a positive chlamydia test result or reported unsafe sex in the last year (defined as more than 1 partner and at least 1 occasion of sex without a condom). Intervention The safetxt intervention is designed to reduce sexually transmitted infection in young people by supporting them in using condoms, telling a partner about an infection and testing before unprotected sex with a new partner. Safetxt was developed drawing on: behavioural science; face-to-face interventions; the factors known to influence safer sex behaviours and the views of young people. Outcomes The coprimary outcomes of the pilot trial were the recruitment rate and completeness of follow-up. Results We recruited 200 participants within our target of 3 months and we achieved 81% (162/200) follow-up response for the proposed primary outcome of the main trial, cumulative incidence of chlamydia at 12 months. Conclusions Recruitment, randomisation, intervention delivery and follow-up were successful and a randomised controlled trial of the safetxt intervention is feasible. Trial registration number ISRCTN02304709; Results.