Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depressive Symptoms , Loss of Appetite and Under Nutrition among Treated HIV Patients : A Cross Sectional Study in Goma , the Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: The study explored the association between the depressive symptoms, loss of appetite and under nutrition among treated HIV patients in Goma, a post conflict setting. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out from February 1st to March 3rd, 2016. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and loss of appetite were estimated. A logistic regression model was used to identify the associations between under nutrition, loss of appetite and depressive symptoms, adjusted for other covariates. Results: The proportion of participants with depressive symptoms was 21.3% (95% CI: 17.1 – 25.5). The prevalence of loss of appetite was 50.1% (95% CI: 45 – 55%). Depressive symptoms (AOR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.27 – 3.79), smoking (AOR: 2.97; 95%CI: 1.03 – 8.58) and low socio-economic status (AOR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.05 – 2.88) were associated with loss of appetite. Loss of appetite (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.92 – 5.64) and receiving efavirenz (AOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.24 – 3.66) were significantly associated with under nutrition. Conclusion: The fact that about one-fifth hand half of the sample reported having respectively depressive symptoms and the lack of appetite demonstrates the magnitude of the problems. There is a need for longitudinal studies to elucidate the pathways linking depressive symptoms, appetite and under nutrition.
ON AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION AND ALGORITHMIC LINEARIZATION

We review the methods and applications of automatic differentiation, a research and development activity, which has evolved in various computational fields since the mid 1950's. Starting from very simple basic principles that are familiar from school, one arrives at various theoretical and practical challenges. The resulting activity encompasses mathematical research and software development; it is now oftenreferredtoas algorithmic differentiation. From a geometrical and algebraic point of view, differentiation amounts to linearization, a concept that naturally extends to infinite dimensional spaces. In contract to other surveys, we will emphasize this interpretation as it has become more important recently and also facilitates the treatment of nonsmooth problems by piecewise linearization.
Seismic Resilience of a Regional System of Hospitals

The concepts of seismic resilience and its quantitative evaluation are presented. The evaluation is based on nondimensional analytical functions related to loss variation within a specified “recovery period”, recovery function and fragility functions. The path to recovery usually depends on available resources and may take different shapes which can be estimated by proper recovery functions. Loss functions include both direct and indirect losses that are uncertain in themselves due to the uncertain nature of earthquake and structural behavior as well as due to uncertain description of functional limit states. Therefore, losses are functions of fragility of systems’ components that are determined and combined together through use of multidimensional performance limit thresholds. The formulated framework is applied and exemplified for a complex system of six hospitals located in Memphis Tennessee, considering direct and indirect losses in its physical system and in the population served by the system. The example presented shows that for high system functionality values Q(t), the marginal recovery cost doubles the cost associated to lower functionality values.
Potential demand for hedging by Australian wheat producers

The potential for hedging Australian wheat with the new Sydney Futures Exchange wheat contract is examined using a theoretical hedging model parametised from previous studies. The optimal hedging ratio for an `average' wheat farmer was found to be zero under reasonable assumptions about transaction costs and based on previously published measures of risk aversion. The estimated optimal hedging ratios were found by simulation to be quite sensitive to assumptions about the degree of risk aversion. If farmers are significantly more risk averse than is currently believed, then there is likely to be an active interest in the new futures market.
Group-Examination Improves Learning for Low-Achieving Students

Abstract An introductory geology class that satisfies a liberal arts distribution requirement was used to investigate the benefits of allowing discussion during assessments. For three term examinations, students completed short- to medium-length essay tests individually (individual examination) and then again as part of an assigned group of four to five students (group examination). The comprehensive final examination for the course was multiple-choice and true-false questions, with 75% of the questions covering material on the term examinations and 25% of the questions covering material not tested previously. Students generally favored the group examinations, both midway through the course and at the end of the course, but final examination results were mixed. Those whose scores increased the most in the group examinations tended to have higher percentage correct on both previously tested and new material on the final examination. Those whose group-examination scores were not much better than their individual scores performed at a level similar to or slightly worse than their performance on the term examinations. This suggests that low-achieving students benefit the most from the group examinations. Using the group-examination format in a large class will require a clear rubric for grading by multiple graders, but is expected to result in higher success for low achievers.
Estimation of metal uptake in plant parts of roadside grown maize at selected growth stages

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in roadside grown foodcrops consumed by humans is a very good technique because such assessment would provide information about any threat regarding heavy metal contamination. Plant and corresponding soil samples were collected for trace metal analysis to ascertain potential health risks. The non-significant differences of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels among the selected growth stages shows that the levels of Pb and Cd in the foodcrops were not influenced by the growth stages. However, Pb had the highest plant uptake factor (PUF), soil-plant transfer coefficient (TC) and translocation factor (TF) in Zea mays L. at close proximity to the Kano-Zaria Highway with a traffic density of 19,288 daily average vehicles/day, suggest both atmospheric, soil and foodcrops pollution. The correlation coefficient between the PUF, TC and TF was significant for both Zea mays L. and Zea mays everta L. for PUF/TC for Cd and Pb. This may pose as threat to humans and livestock that used them as food sources. Both varieties of Zea mays L. (TZEE-Yellow maize and popcorn) could serve as indicators of roadside pollution as well as a potential phytoremediators. Citation: Anongo MC, Uyovbisere EO, Ekong NJ (2015). Estimation of metal uptake in plant parts of roadside grown maize at selected growth stages. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Public Health 1(1): 44-52. Received October 26, 2015; Accepted November 1, 2015; Published November 4, 2015. Copyright: © 2015 Anongo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. JETPH is a journal publication of BRSF. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: mnenaakpa2001@gmail.com
THE ROLE OF SARANG SEMUT (MYRMECODIA PENDANS) FLAVONOID’S FRACTION IN PROLIFERATION AND ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITION OF HUMAN TONGUE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Background : Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in the oral cavity which is about 90-95 % of total malignancy in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the flavonoid’s fraction of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) as an anti-cancer to angiogenesis inhibition by suppressing the VEGF and IL-8 expression in SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell. Material and Method : This research was conducted with the pure laboratory experimental method using Supri’s-Clone 1 (SP-C1) human tongue cancer cell culture. This research was started with cytotoxicity test to obtain the fraction of flavonoid that possesses anti-cancer potentiality and angiogenesis inhibition test. Result : The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol fraction of flavonoid had a role in inhibiting the VEGF protein and interleukin 8 expressions in SP-C1 tongue cancer cell. ANOVA test with significance level (? = 0,05) which resulted in highly significant difference in the concentration with a mean optical density (OD) absorbance ethanol fraction (p = 0,00), ethyl acetate fraction (p = 0,00), and controls (p = 0,00) for the suppression of VEGF protein expression and interleukin-8 of SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell. Western blotting analysis showed that ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoid application to SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell showed a decrease in SP-C1 protein expression. Conclusion : Flavonoid fraction of sarang semut inhibit the angiogenesis in SP-C1 tongue cell cancer by suppressing the VEGF and interleukin 8 protein expression. Ethyl acetate fraction from sarang semut’s flavonoid inhibited the expression signal transduction factor from SP-C1 tongue cancer cell. Keywords : SP-C1 tongue squamous cell carcinoma, sarang semut flavonoid’s fraction, angiogenesis, VEGF, interleukin-8.
Impact of government balance and exchange rate regime on current account during the economic cycle: evidence from CEE countries

The key goal of this research is to empirically determine whether the fiscal policy and the choice of exchange rate regime played significant role in current account determination in 16 CEE countries, with respect to large cyclical fluctuations of economic activity in the period 1999 – 2012. The methodology is based on the panel estimation of the impact of exchange rate regimes and government balance, being the key explanatory variables, on current account balance. The main results show that contrary to the “twin deficit” hypothesis government balance had nonsignificant and negative association with current account. On the other hand, fixed exchange rate regime contributed to the accumulation of current deficits, especially during the boom years. The results of the estimation are robust to the different model specifications and estimation methods applied. It is indicated that divergence between current and government balance is associated with the fluctuations of the economic activity, since the increase in government revenues during the good years reduced deficits despite pro-cyclical fiscal policy. Also, it has been argued that in the period prior to the crisis, in the countries pursuing fixed regimes current deficit was accumulated at higher pace when compared to countries with floating regimes, despite appreciation pressures deriving from the large inflow of foreign capital. Based on the results of empirical analysis, the recommendations on benefits of floating regimes are given to policy makers in CEE countries.
See and Think: Disentangling Semantic Scene Completion

Semantic scene completion predicts volumetric occupancy and object category of a 3D scene, which helps intelligent agents to understand and interact with the surroundings. In this work, we propose a disentangled framework, sequentially carrying out 2D semantic segmentation, 2D-3D reprojection and 3D semantic scene completion. This three-stage framework has three advantages: (1) explicit semantic segmentation significantly boosts performance; (2) flexible fusion ways of sensor data bring good extensibility; (3) progress in any subtask will promote the holistic performance. Experimental results show that regardless of inputing a single depth or RGB-D, our framework can generate high-quality semantic scene completion, and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on both synthetic and real datasets.
Lending Standards and Macroeconomic Dynamics Pedro Gete

This paper proposes a tractable way to incorporate lending standards ("credit qualification thresholds") into macro models of financial frictions. Banks can reject borrowers whose risk is above an endogenous threshold at which no lending rate suffi ciently compensates banks for the borrower’s default risk. Firms denied credit cut employment and labor reallocates mostly towards safer producers. Lending standards propagate bank capital shortfalls through labor misallocation causing deeper and more persistent real effects. The paper also shows that lending spreads are insuffi cient indicators of credit supply disruptions. That is, for the same increase in credit spreads, output falls faster when denial rates are increasing. Finally, with endogenous lending standards, first-moment bank capital shocks look as second-moment shocks.
Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Under Constant Temperatures

ABSTRACT Effect of temperature on the developmental and reproductive biology of the passionvine mealybug, Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was investigated on sprouted potatoes. P. minor was able to develop and complete its life cycle at 20, 25, and 29 °C. No eggs eclosed at 15 and 35 °C. The developmental time from egg to adult female was approximately 49 d at 20 °C, 31 d at 25 °C, and 27 d at 29 °C. Between 20 and 29 °C, 58–71% of eggs survived to adulthood. Female mealybugs made up 60–73% of the adult populations in the 3 temperature treatments. Preoviposition and oviposition times decreased as the temperature increased. Females reproduced sexually and produced the highest number of eggs (270 eggs/female) at 20 °C. Adult female longevity declined from 34 d at 20 °C to 19–22 d at the 2 higher temperatures. Adult males were short-lived and their longevity declined with increasing temperature. At 25 °C, the gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were estimated at 445.7 ♀/♀ and 325.4 ♀/♀, respectively, the generation time (TG) was 39.5 d, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.147 (♀/♀/d), the finite rate of increase (&lgr;) was 1.158 (♀/♀/d), and the doubling time (DT) was 4.7 d. The ability of P. minor to develop, survive, and reproduce successfully from 20 to 29 °C suggests that the mealybug has the potential to develop and establish in climatic zones that fall within this temperature range.
Connecting Compact Star-forming and Extended Star-forming Galaxies at Low Redshift: Implications for Galaxy Compaction and Quenching

Previous findings show that the existence of dense cores or bulges is the prerequisite for quenching a galaxy, leading to a proposed two-step quenching scenario: compaction and quenching. In this scenario, galaxies first grow their cores to a stellar mass surface density threshold, and subsequently quenching occurs, suggesting that galaxies evolve from extended star-forming galaxies (eSFGs), through compact star-forming galaxies (cSFGs), to a quenched population. In this work, we aim at examining the possible evolutionary link between eSFGs and cSFGs by identifying the trends in star formation rate (SFR), gas-phase metallicity, and H I content, since one would naturally expect that galaxies evolve along the track of cold gas consumption and metal enhancement. We select a volume-limited sample of 15,933 galaxies with stellar mass above and redshift of from the NASA Sloan Atlas catalog within the ALFALFA footprint. The cSFGs on average exhibit similar or slightly higher SFRs of ∼0.06 dex and significantly higher gas-phase metallicity (up to 0.2 dex at low mass) with respect to the eSFGs, while the cSFGs dominate the galaxy population of the most intense star formation activities. More importantly, overall the median H i content and gas depletion time of cSFGs are about half of eSFGs. Our result supports the compaction and quenching scenario that galaxies evolve and grow their cores along the track of cold gas consumption and metal enhancement. The environments of eSFGs and cSFGs are indistinguishable, suggesting that the compaction process is independent of any environmental effects at least for the low-redshift universe.
Finescale Parameterizations of Turbulent Dissipation

This article (1) reviews and clarifies the basic physics underpinning finescale parameterizations of turbulent dissipation due to internal wave breaking and (2) provides advice on the implementation of the parameterizations in a way that is most consistent with the underlying physics, with due consideration given to common instrumental issues. Potential biases in the parameterization results are discussed in light of both (1) and (2), and illustrated with examples in the literature. The value of finescale parameterizations for studies of the large-scale ocean circulation in the presence of common biases is assessed. We conclude that the parameterizations can contribute significantly to the resolution of large-scale circulation problems associated with plausible ranges in the rates of turbulent dissipation and diapycnal mixing spanning an order of magnitude or more.
Small-Scale Systems of Galaxies. II. Properties of the NGC 4756 Group of Galaxies

This paper is part of a series that focuses on investigating galaxy formation and evolution in small-scale systems of galaxies in low-density environments. We present results from a study of the NGC 4756 group, which is dominated by the elliptical galaxy NGC 4756. The characteristics of the group are investigated through (1) the detailed investigation of the morphological, photometric, and spectroscopic properties of nine galaxies among the dominant members of the group; (2) the determination of the photometric parameters of the faint galaxy population in an area of 34′ × 34′ centered on NGC 4756; and (3) an analysis of the X-ray emission in the area based on archival data. The nine member galaxies are located in the core part of the NGC 4756 group (a strip ≈300 kpc in diameter, H0 = 70 km s-1 Mpc-1), which has a very loose configuration. The central part of the NGC 4756 group contains a significant fraction of early-type galaxies. Three new group members with previously unknown systemic velocities are identified, one of which is type dE. At about 7. ′5 southwest of NGC 4756 a substructure of the group is detected, including IC 829, MCG -2-33-35, MCG -2-33-36, and MCG -2-33-38, that meets the Hickson criteria for being a compact group. Most of the galaxies in this substructure show interaction signatures. We do not detect apparent fine structure and signatures of recent interaction events in the early-type galaxy population, with the exception of a strong dust lane in the elliptical galaxy MCG -2-33-38. However, this galaxy displays signatures of nuclear activity. Strong [O III], [N II], and [S II] line emission, combined with comparatively weak but broad Hα emission, suggests an intermediate Seyfert type classification. Although the area is heavily contaminated by the background cluster A1631, X-ray data suggest the presence of a hot intergalactic medium related to the detected X-ray emission of the group. The present results are discussed in the context of group evolution.
OBSERVATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A COSMIC MUON NEUTRINO FLUX FROM THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE USING SIX YEARS OF ICECUBE DATA

The IceCube Collaboration has previously discovered a high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux using neutrino events with interaction vertices contained within the instrumented volume of the IceCube detector. We present a complementary measurement using charged current muon neutrino events where the interaction vertex can be outside this volume. As a consequence of the large muon range the effective area is significantly larger but the field of view is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. IceCube data from 2009 through 2015 have been analyzed using a likelihood approach based on the reconstructed muon energy and zenith angle. At the highest neutrino energies between and a significant astrophysical contribution is observed, excluding a purely atmospheric origin of these events at significance. The data are well described by an isotropic, unbroken power-law flux with a normalization at neutrino energy of and a hard spectral index of . The observed spectrum is harder in comparison to previous IceCube analyses with lower energy thresholds which may indicate a break in the astrophysical neutrino spectrum of unknown origin. The highest-energy event observed has a reconstructed muon energy of which implies a probability of less than for this event to be of atmospheric origin. Analyzing the arrival directions of all events with reconstructed muon energies above no correlation with known γ-ray sources was found. Using the high statistics of atmospheric neutrinos we report the current best constraints on a prompt atmospheric muon neutrino flux originating from charmed meson decays which is below 1.06 in units of the flux normalization of the model in Enberg et al.
A time comes when silence becomes betrayal: the Indian expatriate perspective of social marketing

This study examines the role and impact of celebrity endorsed social marketing and its ability to create behavioural change, from an Indian-expatriate perspective. It concludes that not only are celebrities perceived as enablers of social change, but also that the younger generation of Indian expatriates believe this to be one of the core responsibilities of these personalities. In line with extant literature, the study finds that celebrities have a two-fold impact on social marketing: 1) increased awareness of the cause and increased influence over the audience; 2) endorser credibility and source-message congruence, and the lack thereof, respectively enhance or erode campaign effectiveness. The study offers several new insights, including the potential for celebrity attractiveness to weaken social message credibility, and exposure of the 'reverse vampire effect'. Managerial implications suggest first, the need for distinction between social marketing and social media, and second, that source credibility is critical to campaign effectiveness.
Deep, complex, invertible networks for inversion of transmission effects in multimode optical fibres

We use complex-weighted, deep networks to invert the effects of multimode optical fibre distortion of a coherent input image. We generated experimental data based on collections of optical fibre responses to greyscale input images generated with coherent light, by measuring only image amplitude (not amplitude and phase as is typical) at the output of \SI{1}{\metre} and \SI{10}{\metre} long, \SI{105}{\micro\metre} diameter multimode fibre. This data is made available as the {\it Optical fibre inverse problem} Benchmark collection. The experimental data is used to train complex-weighted models with a range of regularisation approaches. A {\it unitary regularisation} approach for complex-weighted networks is proposed which performs well in robustly inverting the fibre transmission matrix, which fits well with the physical theory. A key benefit of the unitary constraint is that it allows us to learn a forward unitary model and analytically invert it to solve the inverse problem. We demonstrate this approach, and show how it can improve performance by incorporating knowledge of the phase shift induced by the spatial light modulator.