Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymtomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: assesment of prevlence, microbial agents and ther antimicrobial sensitivty pattern in Gondar Teaching Hospital, north west Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women, identify the frequently isolated uropathogenic bacteria and its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional case series study was conducted in antenatal care clinic of Gondar Teaching Hospital from June-Oct., 2001. One hundred and seventy three pregnant women, who met the inclusion criteria, were included in the study after informed consent was obtained Clinical information pertaining to socio demographic data and obstetric history was filled in the questionnaire, pertinent physical examination was done and urine specimen from each candidate was collected and processed following the standard microbiological technique. RESULT Majority (70-90%) of the pregnant women were literate, housewives, married and residents of Gondar town. Of all pregnant women included in the study, 96/173 (56%) were multigravida, and 21/173 (12%) had 5 or more pregnancies. The identification rate of significant bacteriuria in the study group was 9.8% (17/173) with higher rate (20.5%) in multiparous mothers. The frequently isolated urinary pathogenic bacteria was E. coli, 47% (8/17), followed by S. aureus 3/17 (18%) and C. freundi 2/17 (12%). The majority of E. coli isolates (50-75%) were resistant to gentamicin, Ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol; while 75% and 100% of E. coli isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin respectively. CONCLUSION Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women was prevalent in the study locality. E. coli was the common isolated urinary pathogen among urine samples of study subjects, and was found to be resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. We suggest cefoxitin should be the drug used to treat significant bacteriuria in pregnant women in the study locality.
Further investigations on the association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Eales' disease.

PURPOSE To apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on vitreous fluid (VF) from Eales' disease to further confirm its association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS Sixty nine VF samples from 69 patients (24 Eales' disease and 45 Non-Eales' as controls) were processed by conventional methods for detection of mycobacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for IS 6110 and nested PCR (nPCR) using primers coding for MPB 64 gene were applied on all 69 VF. PCR based dot-blot hybridisation was applied on the IS 6110 amplified products of n PCR-positive VFs. RESULTS Conventional methods (direct smear and culture) did not detect mycobacteria in any of the 69 VF samples. Five (20.8%) of 24 VF from Eales' and 2 (4.2%) of 45 VF from control patients tested positive for M. tuberculosis DNA by nPCR. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). All 69 VF were negative by PCR for IS 6110. Two VF of Eales' patients positive by nPCR were also positive by DNA probe dot-blot hybridisation for IS 6110. CONCLUSION Detection of M. tuberculosis DNA by PCR in a significant number of VF of Eales' disease patients reemphasizes the association of this bacterium with Eales' disease.
Measuring pre-service teachers knowledge of mathematics for teaching

From the time that Shulman (1987) described the nature of teachersʼ knowledge there have been a number of attempts to identify tools to measure that knowledge. Shulmanʼs seminal work identified seven knowledge types that contribute to teachersʼ knowledge: i) content knowledge; (ii) general pedagogical knowledge; (iii) curriculum knowledge; (iv) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK); (v) knowledge of learners and their characteristics; (vi) knowledge of education contexts; and (vii) knowledge of education ends, purposes, and values (p. 8).
Polymorphism and recombination events at the ABO locus: a major challenge for genomic ABO blood grouping strategies

The blood group ABO gene codes for a glycosyltransferase that adds the ultimate monosaccharide to a glycoconjugate and forms the A or B blood group specific antigen. The DNA structure of the three major alleles of the human blood group ABO system was first described in 1990. This review describes the subsequent developments, including the increasing number of variants of these common alleles and the underlying mutations thought to be responsible for the occurrence of some of the weak subgroups of blood group A and B. Several inactive (O) alleles are also now known. Our knowledge of the DNA sequence of the normal A and B alleles and of the rare and intriguing cisAB and B(A) phenotypes has resulted in plausible explanations for these.
Occurrence of Supernumerary Nipples in Children with Kidney and Urinary Tract Malformations

The reported data on the association of kidney and urinary tract malformations with supernumerary nipples are contradictory. We examined 200 children, ages 1 month–16 years, who were being followed because of recurrent urinary tract infection for supernumerary nipples. The patients were divided into two groups: those who were found to have urinary tract malformations on radiographic studies (n=92) and those who were not (n=108). All children were examined for any abnormal pigmentation along the milk line, and the entire body was examined for ectopic supernumerary nipples. Two of the children with proved urinary tract pathology and two of the children with no urinary tract pathology had supernumerary nipples. The odds ratio for having supernumerary nipples among the first group was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.084–16.53, p=0.627). Our results indicate no association between kidney and urinary tract malformations and supernumerary nipples. We believe the message to the practicing physician is that there is no need for radiographic or ultrasonographic investigation of the urinary tract in asymptomatic children found to have supernumerary nipples on routine physical examination.
Molecular phylogenetic approach for studying life-history evolution: the ambiguous example of the genus Medicago L.

We present a molecular phylogeny including most species of the genus Medicago L. (Fabaceae). Based on the consensus of the 48 most parsimonious trees, life–history and mating–system characters are mapped and a putative history of the genus is suggested. The most parsimonious reconstruction suggests an ancestral annual and selfing state, and recurrent evolution towards perenniality and outcrossing. Based on theoretical predictions and classical hypotheses of the history of the genus, different assumptions about the ancestral state and different weighting schemes of evolution between the character states are made. Assuming an outcrossing perennial ancestral state (partly supported by morphological features) does not fundamentally change the reconstruction. To meet theoretical expectations, various weighting schemes favouring evolution towards annuality and selfing are applied. Influence and validity of such weighting schemes are discussed with regard to other studies.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors transduce signals for neurite outgrowth after binding of the prion protein to laminili γ1 chain

The prion protein (PrPC) is highly expressed in the nervous system, and its abnormal con‐former is associated with prion diseases. PrPC is anchored to cell membranes by glycosylphosphatidylinositol, and transmembrane proteins are likely required for PrPC‐mediated intracellular signaling. Binding of laminin (Ln) to PrPC modulates neuronal plasticity and memory. We addressed signaling pathways triggered by PrPC‐Ln interaction in order to identify transmembrane proteins involved in the transduction of PrPC‐Ln signals. The Ln γl‐chain peptide, which contains the Ln binding site for PrPC, induced neuritogenesis through activation of phos‐pholipase C (PLC), Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores, and protein kinase C and extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation in primary cultures of neurons from wild‐type, but not PrPC‐null mice. Phage display, coimmunoprecipitation, and colocalization experiments showed that group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRl/5) associate with PrPC. Expression of either mGluRl or mGluR5 in HEK293 cells reconstituted the signaling pathways mediated by PrPC‐Ln γl peptide interaction. Specific inhibitors of these receptors impaired PrPC‐Ln γl peptide‐induced signaling and neuri‐togenesis. These data show that group I mGluRs are involved in the transduction of cellular signals triggered by PrPC‐Ln, and they support the notion that PrPC participates in the assembly of multiprotein complexes with physiological functions on neurons. —Beraldo, F. H. , Arantes, C. P., Santos, T. G. , Machado, C. F. , Roffe, M. , Hajj, G. N. , Lee, K. S. , Magalhães, A. C. , Caetano, F. A. , Mancini, G. L. , Lopes, M. H. , Amãrico, T. A. , Magdesian, M. H. , Ferguson, S. S. G. , Linden, R. , Prado, M. A. M. , Martins, V. R. Metabotropic glutamate receptors transduce signals for neurite outgrowth after binding of the prion protein to laminin γl chain. FASEB J. 25, 265–279 (20ll). www.fasebj. org
Angiotensin-(1–9) reverses experimental hypertension and cardiovascular damage by inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme/Ang II axis

Background: Little is known about the biological effects of angiotensin-(1–9), but available evidence shows that angiotensin-(1–9) has beneficial effects in preventing/ameliorating cardiovascular remodeling. Objective: In this study, we evaluated whether angiotensin-(1–9) decreases hypertension and reverses experimental cardiovascular damage in the rat. Methods and results: Angiotensin-(1–9) (600 ng/kg per min for 2 weeks) reduced already-established hypertension in rats with early high blood pressure induced by angiotensin II infusion or renal artery clipping. Angiotensin-(1–9) also improved cardiac (assessed by echocardiography) and endothelial function in small-diameter mesenteric arteries, cardiac and aortic wall hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress, collagen and transforming growth factor type &bgr; − 1 protein expression (assessed by western blot). The beneficial effect of angiotensin-(1–9) was blunted by coadministration of the angiotensin type 2(AT2) receptor blocker PD123319 (36 ng/kg per min) but not by coadministration of the Mas receptor blocker A779 (100 ng/kg per min). Angiotensin-(1–9) treatment also decreased circulating levels of Ang II, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and oxidative stress in aorta and left ventricle. Whereas, Ang-(1–9) increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in aorta as well as plasma nitrate levels. Conclusion: Angiotensin-(1–9) reduces hypertension, ameliorates structural alterations (hypertrophy and fibrosis), oxidative stress in the heart and aorta and improves cardiac and endothelial function in hypertensive rats. These effects were mediated by the AT2 receptor but not by the angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis.
A clinical study of the Post Operative Pain after Root Canal Obturation with Obtura-Ii & System-B, Warm Gutta-Percha Techniques

Objective: Determine the clinical response of post obturation pain after root canal obturation by using Obtura-II and System-B as root canal filling techniques and document the better success rate of thermoplastic technique for root canal obturation. Method: This study was a Cross-sectional comparative, clinical study. A total of 60 patients, divided in two groups of 30 each Group-A (Obtura-II) and Group-B (System-B). These cases were treated at Operative Dentistry Department, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro during the period 20 th Feb.2009 to 26 th Aug. 2009. Data was analyzed by using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) Version 10. The mean difference, standard deviation, range and frequency of both quantitative and qualitative variables developed with the help of SPSS analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients required endodontic treatment were included in this study and canals were obturated by two thermoplastic techniques. Patients were equally divided into two groups by using envelop method, for group A, root canals obturated by Obtura-II and group B by System-B. The result of this study shows not much significant different in post obturation pain within 72 hours between Obtura-II technique and System-B technique. But there is little edge to System-B over Obtura-II, may be because of inflammation due to heat of warm gutta-percha in the apical tissues. Conclusion: After the comparisons of post obturation pain within 72 hours between groups and after stratification of gender, age groups and location presented in table-4. Gender and age groups were not having effect on post obturation pain. While location of the tooth was having effect on post obturation pain in the first 24 hours of the treatment. (Najma Sahito, Abdul Qadir Dal, Azizullah Qureshi. A clinical study of the Post Operative Pain after Root Canal Obturation with Obtura-Ii & System-B, Warm Gutta-Percha Techniques. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):89-92). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork . 15
Haemodialysis arteriovenous access--a prospective haemodynamic evaluation.

BACKGROUND Factors affecting cardiac function in dialysis patients include arterial blood pressure, anaemia, intravascular volume, and the arteriovenous (a-v) access. Cardiac failure has been directly attributed to dialysis a-v access in several cases. The contribution of the a-v access to cardiac performance has been tested, in the past, by a short manual compression on the fistula, but this technique has obvious limitations. METHODS The present study examined prospectively the effect of dialysis a-v access on both cardiac function and various hormonal responses. Ten patients (age, mean +/- SD, 59.6 +/- 12.3) with end-stage renal failure being prepared for chronic dialysis therapy were included. All patients underwent an echocardiographic study before and 2 weeks after the creation of the a-v access. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone were measured at the same time periods. RESULTS Following the creation of the a-v fistula or graft, shortening fraction increased by 15.8 +/- 6.3% (P < 0.01), stroke volume increased by 21.9 +/- 5.3% (P < 0.01), ejection fraction increased by 10.6 +/- 4.5% (P < 0.02), cardiac output increased by 19.0 +/- 6.9% (P < 0.02), and cardiac index increased by 18.3 +/- 7.1% (P = 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 23.5 +/- 7.1% (P < 0.01). There was no change in blood pressure, heart rate, weight, haemoglobin or serum creatinine. ANP increased by 83.7 +/- 17.0% following the a-v access operation (P < 0.001), PRA decreased by 41.2 +/- 10.0% (P < 0.05), and plasma aldosterone did not change. None of the patients developed overt high-output cardiac failure. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that at least in the short term following the creation of a dialysis a-v access, a mild state of volume overload develops, which is offset by the ¿unloading' effect of the decreased peripheral vascular resistance; the latter is probably mediated by secretion of ANP in response to atrial stretching.
SVM Theory and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis of HVDC System

Support vector machine (SVM), which based on statistical learning theory, is a universal machine learning method. The fault diagnosis of nonlinear and high-controllable high voltage direct current (HVDC) system based on SVM method is proposed, which can take full advantage of effective ability and superiority of SVM in dealing with small samples, and solve many familiar problems in fault diagnosis of HVDC system. A simulation model of HVDC system is set up, and performance of SVM models under different parameters using polynomial kernel function and RBF kernel function respectively are compared. Results show the superiority of SVM method, also the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
A revised quantum chemistry‐based potential for poly(ethylene oxide) and its oligomers in aqueous solution

We have conducted a high‐level quantum chemistry study of the interactions of 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) with water for complexes representing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic hydration. It was found that our previous quantum chemistry‐based force field for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and its oligomers in aqueous solution did a poor job in describing the hydrophobic binding of water to the ether, consistent with our recent calculations of the excess free energy and entropy of hydration of DME. Our original force field was revised to more accurately reproduce the interaction of water with the carboneous portions of DME. Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous DME solutions using the revised quantum chemistry‐based potential yielded good agreement with experiment for excess free energy, enthalpy, and volume as well as excess solution viscosity and the self‐diffusion of water. Comparison with our original potential revealed that the relatively hydrophobic ether–water interactions in the new potential strongly reduced the favorable excess free energy and enthalpy but have relatively little influence on the excess entropy for dilute DME solutions. Other properties of DME and PEO solutions including conformational populations and dynamics, solution viscosity, hydrogen bonding, water translational and rotational diffusion and neutron structure factor as a function of solution composition were found to be largely unchanged from those obtained using the original potential. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1480–1488, 2002
Optically Faint Microjansky Radio Sources

We report on the identifications of radio sources from our survey of the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) and the Small Selected Area 13 fields, both of which comprise the deepest radio surveys to date at 1.4 and 8.5 GHz, respectively. About 80% of the microjansky radio sources are associated with moderate-redshift starburst galaxies or active galactic nuclei within the I-magnitude range of 17-24 with a median of I = 22 mag. Thirty-one (20%) of the radio sources are (1) fainter than I > 25 mag, with two objects in the HDF IAB > 28.5, (2) often identified with very red objects I-K > 4, and (3) not significantly different in radio properties than the brighter objects. We suggest that most of these objects are associated with heavily obscured starburst galaxies with redshifts between 1 and 3. However, other mechanisms are discussed and cannot be ruled out with the present observations.
Low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages in multiple sclerosis plaques: implications for pathogenesis

Low density lipoprotein (LDL), the major carrier of plasma cholesterol, may enter the parenchyma of early multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions as a result of blood‐brain barrier damage. We have used antibodies against LDL and epitopes found in LDL oxidized by two peroxidative end‐products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), to immunocytochemically stain MS plaques at different stages of pathology. Native LDL, epitopes of MDA‐LDL, peptides of myelin basic protein and neutral lipid oil red O (ORO) staining were found to be co‐localized within foamy macrophages in early and actively demyelinating MS plaques. Thus cho lesterol esters, which are seen as Maltese crosses under polarized light in a proportion of foamy macrophages, appear to be derived from both LDL and myelin. ORO‐negative astrocytes were strongly stained with the antibodies against 4‐HNE‐LDL and MDA‐LDL, suggesting uptake of oxidatively modified protein products alone. Our findings suggest that a large proportion of the plasma LDL which enters the parenchyma of MS plaques is oxidatively modified in the lesion. Lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL uptake by activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages in the early stages of MS plaque development may play important roles in demyelination.
Social Identities in a Globalized World

Globalization—the increasing interconnectedness of societies, economies, and cultures—is a defining feature of contemporary social life. Paradoxically, it underlies both the dynamics of global crises (e.g., rising inequality, climate change) and the possibilities for ameliorating them. In this review, we introduce globalization as a multifaceted process and elaborate its psychological effects with respect to identity, culture, and collective action. Using a social identity approach, we discuss three foci of identification: local culture, globalized Western culture, and humanity in its entirety. Each source of identification is analyzed in terms of its psychological meaning and position vis-à-vis the global power structure. Globalized Western culture forms the basis for an exclusive globalized identity, which privileges only some cultures and ways of life. We conceptualize reactions to its core values in terms of cultural identification and rejection and acceptance of, or opposition to, its global social order. Opposition to this inequitable global order is central to inclusive globalized identities (e.g., identification with humanity). These identities may encourage globally minded collective action, even as more research is needed to address their potential caveats. We consider possibilities for social change and action and conclude that a focused application of psychological science to the study of these issues is overdue.
Organisation chaotischer Dynamik in der Taylor-Couette Strömung

Obwohl die hydrodynamischen Grundgleichungen schon seit langem bekannt sind, sind die grundlegenden Mechanismen, die zum Auftreten der phanomenologisch beobachteten Stromungszustande fuhren, nur teilweise verstanden. Insbesondere das Auftreten von Instabilitaten und raum-zeitlichen Strukturen, sowie der Ubergang ins Chaos und in die Turbulenz sind Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. In dieser Arbeit wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen an einer Taylor-Couette Stromung - der Stromung einer viskosen Flussigkeit zwischen zwei konzentrischen, rotierenden Zylindern - durchgefuhrt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, das beim Ubergang von der laminaren Couette- zur Taylor-Wirbelstromung aufgrund der Rander kein "critical-slowing-down" auftritt, so das sich das Verhalten des endlichen von dem eines unendlichen Systems prinzipiell unterscheidet, was in Ubereinstimmung mit fruheren Stabilitatsuntersuchungen ist. Ferner konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmals ein Szenario ins Chaos ausgehend von der wellenformigen Taylor-Wirbelstromung eindeutig identifiziert und in Verbindung mit theoretisch bekannten niederdimensionalen Mechanismen gebracht werden. Dabei zeigte sich, das Chaos in dem untersuchten Bereich durch eine Wechselwirkung von Symmetriebrechung und einer oszillatorischen Mode durch das Auftreten von homoklinen Orbits chaotisch im Sinne Shil'nikovs wird. Auserdem wurden in dieser Arbeit Zustande mit lokalisierten Anregungen untersucht.