Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation and induced hypertension after endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms

ObjectiveGuglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization may be used to prevent early rebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but anticoagulation and induced hypertension may increase this risk. We sought to determine retrospectively the relationship between levels of induced hypertension and anticoagulation and incidence of rebleeding in GDC-treated patients. MethodsTwenty-five consecutive patients with acute (<14 days) subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent GDC embolization were retrospectively analyzed with regard to percent obliteration of an aneurysm on postprocedure angiogram, the duration and intensity of anticoagulation, the duration and level of induced hypertension, and the frequency of thromboembolic and rebleeding complications. ResultsComplete angiographic obliteration of the aneurysm was achieved in five cases (20%). In some cases (n = 2), only the dome of the aneurysm was coiled to allow eventual surgical clipping. Heparin was given to 23 patients (92%) for an average of 6 days (range, 8 hrs to 22 days); the mean dose was 588 units/hr, and the mean partial thromboplastin time was 37 secs. Seven patients (28%) were treated with vasopressors for symptomatic vasospasm for a mean duration of 5 days (range, 8 hrs to 9 days); mean arterial blood pressure averaged 118 mm Hg, and peak systolic blood pressures ranged from 195 to 250 mm Hg. There were no episodes of aneurysm rebleeding. Three patients (12%) suffered intraoperative thromboembolic complications, which in one instance was fatal; two of these cases were associated with subtherapeutic partial thromboplastin time values. ConclusionInduced hypertension (mean arterial blood pressure, 120 mm Hg) and heparinization do not appear to increase the risk of early rebleeding after GDC embolization. In a select group of patients, use of anticoagulation in the immediate perioperative period to prevent thromboembolic complications appears to be safe.
Moving beyond text highlights: inferring users' interests to improve the relevance of retrieval

Introduction. Studies have indicated that users' text highlighting behaviour can be further manipulated to improve the relevance of retrieved results. This article reports on a study that examined users’ text highlight frequency, length and users' copy-paste actions. Method. A binary voting mechanism was employed to determine the weights for the feedback, which were then used to re-rank the original search results. A search engine prototype was built using the Communications of the ACM test collection, with the well-known BM25 acting as the baseline model. Analysis. The proposed enhanced model’s performance was evaluated using the mean average precisions and F-score metrics, and results were compared at the top 5, 10 and 15. Additionally, comparisons were also made based on the number of terms used in a query, that is single, double and triple terms. Results. The findings show that the enhanced model significantly outperformed BM25, and the rest of the models at all document levels. To be specific, the enhanced model showed significant improvements over the frequency model. Additionally, retrieval relevance was found to be the best when the query length is two. Conclusions. Users’ post-click behaviour may serve as a significant indicator of their interests, and thus can be used to improve the relevance of the retrieved results. Future studies could look into further extending this model by including other post-click behaviour such as printing or saving.
Quantifying pulsed laser induced damage to graphene

As an emerging optical material, graphene’s ultrafast dynamics are often probed using pulsed lasers yet the region in which optical damage takes place is largely uncharted. Here, femtosecond laser pulses induced localized damage in single-layer graphene on sapphire. Raman spatial mapping, SEM, and AFM microscopy quantified the damage. The resulting size of the damaged area has a linear correlation with the optical fluence. These results demonstrate local modification of sp2-carbon bonding structures with optical pulse fluences as low as 14 mJ/cm2, an order-of-magnitude lower than measured and theoretical ablation thresholds.
Impacts of Information and Communication Technology Implementations on Employees' Jobs in Service Organizations in India: A Multi‐Method Longitudinal Field Study

India is an important frontier for economic growth, investments, and development. The service sector, like the manufacturing industry, in India is booming. Following the trend of their western counterparts, service organizations in India are implementing enterprise-level information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support service processes. In this paper, we used socio-technical systems theory to develop hypotheses about the effects of ICTs on the five job characteristics, i.e., skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback, in the job characteristics model (JCM) in a service organization (a bank) in India. We also tested the entire JCM that relates job characteristics to job satisfaction and job performance via various mediators and moderators. In a 32-month longitudinal field study of 1743 employees, we gathered one wave of data before an ICT implementation and two waves after the implementation. We found that, although the ICT enriched employees' job characteristics, employees reported significantly lower job satisfaction and job performance. To understand this puzzling finding, we conducted a qualitative study and identified four contextual forces that contribute to these results and hinder successful implementation of ICTs in the service sector in India and, possibly, other developing countries: environmental barriers, learning difficulty, culture shock, and employee valuation.
Best of Both Worlds: Transferring Knowledge from Discriminative Learning to a Generative Visual Dialog Model

We present a novel training framework for neural sequence models, particularly for grounded dialog generation. The standard training paradigm for these models is maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), or minimizing the cross-entropy of the human responses. Across a variety of domains, a recurring problem with MLE trained generative neural dialog models (G) is that they tend to produce 'safe' and generic responses ("I don't know", "I can't tell"). In contrast, discriminative dialog models (D) that are trained to rank a list of candidate human responses outperform their generative counterparts; in terms of automatic metrics, diversity, and informativeness of the responses. However, D is not useful in practice since it cannot be deployed to have real conversations with users. Our work aims to achieve the best of both worlds -- the practical usefulness of G and the strong performance of D -- via knowledge transfer from D to G. Our primary contribution is an end-to-end trainable generative visual dialog model, where G receives gradients from D as a perceptual (not adversarial) loss of the sequence sampled from G. We leverage the recently proposed Gumbel-Softmax (GS) approximation to the discrete distribution -- specifically, an RNN augmented with a sequence of GS samplers, coupled with the straight-through gradient estimator to enable end-to-end differentiability. We also introduce a stronger encoder for visual dialog, and employ a self-attention mechanism for answer encoding along with a metric learning loss to aid D in better capturing semantic similarities in answer responses. Overall, our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art on the VisDial dataset by a significant margin (2.67% on recall@10). The source code can be downloaded from this https URL
Erythropoietin and the control of red cell production.

Under normal conditions the circulating red cell mass in adults is remarkably constant. This observation suggested early on that a negative feedback mech­ anism was involved in the control of erythropoiesis. Furthermore, perturbation of the system by exposure to high altitude (hypoxia) resulted in increased erythropoiesis, while hypertransfusion (hyperoxia) resulted in reduced erythro­ poiesis. In the early 1950s, several investigators (1, 2) directly demonstrated the existence of a humoral erythropoietic factor by injecting large amounts of plasma from anemic animals into normal animals and observing an increase in blood reticulocytes or 59Fe incorporation into new red cells. This humoral factor was named erythropoietin (Ep), since it did not appear to affect white cell or platelet production. During the past two decades the biochemistry and phys­ iology ofEp have been extensively studied. It is now well established that Ep is a glycoprotein produced, at least in part, by the kidney, and that Ep is the principal factor initiating and regUlating red cell production in vertebrates. Several re­ views (3, 4) of the hormone have been published over the past few years. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader with a general background of Ep biology, and to update our knowledge of the hormone to the present time with particular attention directed to its mechanism of action and role in clinical medicine.
Increased Mortality Associated With a Clonal Outbreak of Ceftazidime-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case–Control Study

Abstract Objectives: To determine risk factors for ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the effect of cef-tazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae infection on mortality during an isolated outbreak. Design: Case–control investigation using clinical and molecular epidemiology and prospective analysis of infection control interventions. Setting: Surgical intensive care unit of a university-affiliated community hospital. Patients: Fourteen case-patients infected with ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae and 14 control-patients. Results: Ten of 14 case-patients had identical strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy before admission to the unit was strongly predictive of subsequent ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae infection. In addition, patients with ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae infection experienced increased mortality (odds ratio, 3.77). Conclusions: Cephalosporin restriction has been shown to decrease the incidence of nosocomial ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae. However, isolated clonal outbreaks may occur due to lapses in infection control practices. Reinstatement of strict handwashing, thorough environmental cleaning, and repeat education led to termination of the outbreak. A distinct correlation between ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae infection and mortality supports the important influence of antibiotic resistance on the outcome of serious bacterial infections.
FDI, Global Value Chains, and Local Sourcing in Developing Countries

The local sourcing of intermediate products is one the main channels for foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers. This paper investigates whether and how participation and positioning in the global value chains (GVCs) of host countries is associated to local sourcing by foreign investors. Matching two firm-level data sets of 19 Sub-Saharan African countries and Vietnam to country-sector level measures of GVC involvement, we find that more intense GVC participation and upstream specialization are associated to a higher share of inputs sourced locally by foreign investors. These effects are larger in countries with stronger rule of law and better education.
Comet 81P/Wild 2: The size distribution of finer (sub 10 micrometer) dust collected by the Stardust spacecraft.

The fluence of dust particles < 10 micrometres in diameter was recorded by impacts on aluminium foil of the NASA Stardust spacecraft during a close fly-by of comet 81P/Wild 2 in 2004. Initial interpretation of craters for impactor particle dimensions and mass was based upon laboratory experimental simulations using >10 μm diameter projectiles and the resulting linear relationship of projectile to crater diameter was extrapolated to smaller sizes. We now describe a new experimental calibration programme firing very small monodisperse silica projectiles (470 nm to 10 μm) at ~ 6 km s -1 . The results show an unexpected departure from linear relationship between 1 and 10 μm. We collated crater measurement data and, where applicable, impactor residue data for 596 craters gathered during the post-mission preliminary examination (PE) phase. Using the new calibration, we recalculate the size of the particle responsible for each crater and hence reinterpret the cometary dust size distribution. We find a greater flux of small particles than previously reported. From crater morphology and residue composition of a sub-set of craters, the internal structure and dimensions of the fine dust particles is inferred and a ‘maximum-size’ distribution for the sub-grains composing aggregate particles is obtained. The size distribution of the small particles derived directly from the measured craters peaks at ~175 nm, but if this is corrected to allow for aggregate grains, the peak in sub-grain sizes is at <100 nm.
Heart and Soul Physical Activity Program for African American Women

African American women are less physically active than White women and have a higher prevalence of inactivity-related diseases. Increased physical activity is known to reduce the risks for many chronic diseases. Positive health behavior changes have resulted from health promotion interventions conducted in African American churches. Eighteen midlife African American women participated in the Heart and Soul Physical Activity Program (HSPAP), a church-based physical activity intervention conceptualized in appraisal, belonging, tangible, and self-esteem domains of social support. Feasibility of the HSPAP was tested by determining changes in time and intensity of physical activity and social support for physical activity from baseline to 6 weeks. Data analyses were conducted utilizing paired t tests. Significant increases in time spent in physical activity from a mean of 412 min/week at baseline to 552 min/week at 6 weeks were noted. Participants reported increases in social support for physical activity in the 6-week study.
Pain management: evaluating the effectiveness of an educational programme for surgical nursing staff.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a pain management education programme in improving the nurses' knowledge about, attitude towards and application of relaxation therapy. BACKGROUND Pain of surgical patients has long been an existing problem of health care. Nursing staff need to be educated continuously to develop the professional ability of pain management. METHODS A quasi-study design with pre- and posttest and post- and posttest was used. Subjects were chosen from a medical centre in Taipei by convenience sampling. The total sample size of 81 was segregated into a study group of 42 and control group of 39 participants. The study group attended a seven-session pain management programme totalling 15 hours. The control group received no pain management training. Scaled measurements were taken on pain management knowledge and attitude and relaxation therapy practice. RESULTS (1) Scores for pain management knowledge differed significantly between the two groups (F = 40.636, p = 0.001). (2) Attitudes towards pain management differed between the two groups (F = 8.328, p = 0.005) and remained stable over time (F = 1.603, p = 0.205). (3) Relaxation therapy practice differed significantly between the two groups, with the study group better than the control group (F = 4.006, p = 0.049). (4) Relaxation therapy was applied to nearly all (97.5%) of the patients cared for by study group nurses. All of the instructed patients performed this technique one to three times per day postsurgery. CONCLUSIONS Continuing education can improve nurses' knowledge about, attitude towards and behaviour of pain management. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Results of this study could be used to guide the development and implementation of continuing education programmes for nursing staff to enhance patients' care knowledge and skills.
The Effect of Different Degrees of Regional Accentedness in Radio Commercials: An Experiment with German Consumers

Abstract The present study investigated the use of a regional accent with varying strengths in product and service commercials. In a 2 (type of commercial: product/service) × 3 (accent: strong German regional / moderate German regional / standard German) between-subject design, 218 German native speakers evaluated product and service commercials. Findings suggest that the effects of regional accents were limited. In the product commercial, the speaker with a moderate accent was attributed more warmth than a speaker with a standard accent. In the service commercial, the attitude towards the service was more negative for the moderate than for the standard accent.
Rn Diffusion Coefficient in Japanese Soils

Department of Nuclear Engineering, Graduate School of Enginering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan ABSTRACT Radon (Rn) diffusion coefficient as one of some important parameters of Rn transport in the soil has been measured using soil radon diffusion monitor (SRDM). The system of SRDM consists of two scintillation detectors, sample container located between these detectors, photomultiplier tubes, amplifiers, single channel analyzers and personal computer. The source of Rn is put in the one of the compartment, and Rn will diffuse through the sample to other compartment. The diffusion coefficient was determined by calculating the measured data from two detectors using time-dependent diffusion model. The samples come from different places in Japan with several porosities and water contents. The diffusion coefficients were found to vary from (8.68±0.23) x10 ms to (4.39±0.43) x10 ms. Furthermore, the correlations between Rn diffusion and water content and/or porosity are also discussed.
Physicians' knowledge of and compliance with guidelines: an exploratory study in cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND Guidelines are one of the means by which health care organizations try to improve health care and lower its cost. Studies have shown, however, that guidelines are still not being adequately implemented. In this exploratory study, we examine the link between physicians' knowledge of and compliance with guidelines: specifically, guidelines for the treatment of three cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, heart failure and chronic coronary heart disease [CHD]) in primary care. METHODS We assessed primary care physicians' knowledge of the guidelines with a representative postal survey, using a questionnaire about the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (2500 questionnaires sent). We assessed the responding physicians' compliance with the guidelines by analyzing patient data from a sample of 30 of them for various indicators of compliance. Of these 30 physicians, 15 met our operational criteria for adequate knowledge of the guidelines, and 15 did not. RESULTS 437 (40%) of the physicians knew the guidelines adequately. Physicians answered questions about chronic CHD in accordance with the guidelines more often than they did questions about arterial hypertension (74% versus 11%). Our exploratory analysis of guideline compliance revealed that physicians who knew the guidelines adequately performed no differently than physicians who did not with respect to 12 of the 16 compliance indicators. As for the remaining 4 compliance indicators, it turned out, surprisingly, that physicians who did not know the guidelines adequately performed significantly better than those who did. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings imply that physicians' knowledge of guidelines does not in itself lead to better guideline implementation. Further studies are needed to address this important issue.
Application Similarity Coefficient Method to Cellular Manufacturing

Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that has attracted a lot of attention because of its positive impacts in the batch-type production. Cellular manufacturing (CM) is one of the applications of GT principles to manufacturing. In the design of a CM system, similar parts are groups into families and associated machines into groups so that one or more part families can be processed within a single machine group. The process of determining part families and machine groups is referred to as the cell formation (CF) problem. CM has been considered as an alternative to conventional batch-type manufacturing where different products are produced intermittently in small lot sizes. For batch manufacturing, the volume of any particular part may not be enough to require a dedicated production line for that part. Alternatively, the total volume for a family of similar parts may be enough to efficiently utilize a machine-cell (Miltenburg and Zhang, 1991). It has been reported (Seifoddini, 1989a) that employing CM may help overcome major problems of batch-type manufacturing including frequent setups, excessive in-process inventories, long through-put times, complex planning and control functions, and provides the basis for implementation of manufacturing techniques such as just-in-time (JIT) and flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).
Brief intervention for heavy-drinking college students: 4-year follow-up and natural history.

OBJECTIVES This study examined long-term response to an individual preventive intervention for high-risk college drinkers relative to the natural history of college drinking. METHODS A single-session, individualized preventive intervention was evaluated within a randomized controlled trial with college freshmen who reported drinking heavily while in high school. An additional group randomly selected from the entire screening pool provided a normative comparison. Participant self-report was assessed annually for 4 years. RESULTS High-risk controls showed secular trends for reduced drinking quantity and negative consequences without changes in drinking frequency. Those receiving the brief preventive intervention reported significant additional reductions, particularly with respect to negative consequences. Categorical individual change analyses show that remission is normative, and they suggest that participants receiving the brief intervention are more likely to improve and less likely to worsen regarding negative drinking consequences. CONCLUSIONS Brief individual preventive interventions for high-risk college drinkers can achieve long-term benefits even in the context of maturational trends.