Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience-Rating Mechanisms in Auto Insurance: Implications for High-Risk, Low-Risk, and Novice Drivers

Using a unique data set that rates a cohort of drivers on two distinct experience-rating mechanisms, we examine the impact of these experience-rating mechanism on premiums charged to low-risk, high-risk, and novice drivers. The first mechanism is a pure no-claims discount that classifies drivers by 0 to 6 or more years of at-fault claims-free driving. The second is a bonus-malus system with 32 driving record (DR) classes. Using standard stochastic modeling techniques, we find that having a greater number of DR classes does not result in lower prices for the new drivers nor does it create significant savings to the lowest risk drivers. And, not surprisingly, with an increasing number of malus DR classes, the highest risk insureds pay a substantially higher premium that may not be sustainable over time. Due to its mandatory nature in most countries, monitoring the fairness of the classification mechanism and the affordability and availability of auto insurance are common regulatory goals. Charging novice drivers excessively high premiums may conflict with affordability and fairness objectives. Thus, we conclude with an examination of other pricing mechanisms that can be used for novice drivers.
Judo Approach and Handgrip Analysis: Determining Aspects of World Circuit High Performance

In judo, the moments of approach and gripping are relevant for defining the next actions of athletes. In understanding these action phases, the coach can plan the training according to the specific patterns of each weight division. Therefore, this study analyzed the time spent in approach and in performance of different types of gripping by athletes in all male weight divisions in world judo matches. For this, we analyzed 548 combats, with time-motion analysis performed through a previously-validated protocol. The main results indicate a significant effect, in which lighter athletes are more differentiated in the approach and in the gripping types, and heavier athletes spent more time on gripping phase with more defensive grips. There was a significant correlation between anteroposterior positioning of the right and left foot (p≤0.05) with the all gripping attempts, except right sleeve, left dorsal, left and right sleeve, right dorsal and right sleeve, and left dorsal and left sleeve. In conclusion, our results can be applied to planning and prescribing specific training for the different weight divisions, taking into account the specific frequencies obtained in these combat phases.
The Scientific Basis of Human Factors - A Behavioral Cybernetic Perspective

This report summarizes a body of empirical evidence supporting the conclusion that the preponderance of variability in human behavior and performance is attributable to design factors in the performance environment. This may be considered the central doctrine of human factors science that establishes the scientific basis of human factors as an integral discipline. The report goes on to offer a conceptual interpretation, based on behavioral cybernetic theory, of how and why design factors influence human behavior and performance. [This is not an official Bureau publication. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. ]
Pengaruh Moralitas Individu, Asimetri Informasi, Efektivitas Pengendalian Internal, dan Keadilan Organisasi Terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan (Fraud) Akuntansi (Studi Empiris pada Badan Usaha Milik Daerah Kota Surakarta)

This study aims to determine the effect of individual morality, information asymmetry, the effectiveness of internal control, and organizational justice on the tendency of accounting fraud on BUMD in Surakarta. The theories used in this study are the Triangle Fraud Theory, Agency Theory, and Moral Reasoning Theory. The population of this study is employees who work in the Regional Owned Enterprises in the Surakarta City area. This study sampled administrative staff at the BUMD Surakarta region. The sampling method in this study using purposive sampling method. The tests carried out include testing validity, reliability, classical assumptions, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that information asymmetry, the effectiveness of internal controls, and organizational justice had a positive effect on fraudulent tendencies. While the variabels of individual morality negatively affect the tendency of fraud.
Determinants of Enrollment at Secondary and Higher Level of Education in Pakistan

- The persistent low enrollment rate at a secondary and higher level of education in Pakistan indicates the failure of the Government to annihilate illiteracy and ultimately reduce poverty through education. Using annual time-series data from the year 1965 to 2015, the study aims to analyze the determinants of secondary and higher levels of educational enrollment of both males and females in Pakistan. The main concentration was on the impact of educational spending by government, a number of institutions, GDP per capita see the healthiness of economic wellbeing of individuals. Moreover, labor market situations have been explained by the unemployment rate. Unrestricted VAR and Cointegration technique is employed to identify the relationship among variables. The Results confirm the existence of a significant relationship between the number of institutions and government spending in the long run for secondary education. Besides, the impact of GDP per capita on female secondary enrollment is much stronger than males. While a higher level of education, the GDP per capita, government spending, and a number of institutions significantly impact the rate of enrollment. A statistically significant and inverse association was observed between the unemployment rate and higher enrollment in the long run.
Reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in the Wa Municipality, Ghana.

In Ghana, studies on returnees’ reintegration are mostly limited to international return migrants from western countries. Re-integration of internal return migrants has not attracted much research. This paper explores the reintegration experiences of internal return migrants resident in the Wa Municipality. Using the mixed method approach, the study surveyed 150 return migrants and interviewed 10 key informants. The results indicated that the main challenges associated with reintegration of returnees were frequent family demands, unemployment and low incomes. To mitigate these problems, some of the returnees had to relocate from their previous places of abode while others engaged in illegal artisanal mining activities. A chi-square statistic test revealed a significant association between returnees’ challenges of reintegration and their length of stay, age, level of education and marital status. Consequently, most of the returnees expressed their desire to re-migrate perhaps due to the difficulties they faced in their reintegration process. The study recommends that relevant stakeholders such as the district assemblies, NGOs and religious bodies should develop programmes to assist returnees with skills training and start-up capital/loans to enable them reintegrate into their communities to avoid unemployment.
Physical Nanoindentation: From Penetration Resistance to Phase-Transition Energies

-The ISO standard 14577 is challenged for its violation of the energy law, its wrong relation of normal force FN with impression depth h, and for its iterative treatments. The solution of this dilemma is the use of sacrosanct simplest calculation rules for the loading parabola (now FN = kh3/2) giving straight lines for cones, pyramids and wedges. They provide the physical penetration resistance hardness k with dimension [Nm-3/2] and allow for non-iterative calculations with closed formulas, using simple undeniable calculation rules. The physically correct FN versus h3/2 plot is universally valid. It separates out the most common surface effects and reveals gradients. It provides unmatched precision, including reliability checks of experimental data. Regression analysis of FN versus h3/2 plots reveals eventual unsteadiness kink phase-transition onset with the transition-energy. This is shown for all kinds of solid materials, including salts, silicon, organics, polymers, composites, and superalloys. Exothermic and endothermic single and consecutive multiple phase-transitions with their surface dependence are distinguished and the results compared in 5 Tables. The sharp phase-transition onsets and the transition energies provide unprecedented most important materials’ characteristics that are indispensable for safety reasons. ISO ASTM is thus urged to thoroughly revise ISO 14577 and to work out new standards for the mechanically (also thermally) stressed materials. For example, the constancy of the first phase-transition parameters must be controlled, and materials must only be admitted for maximal forces well below the first phase-transition onset. Such onset loads can now be easily calculated. The nevertheless repeated oppositions against the physical analysis of indentations rest on incredibly poor knowledge of basic mathematics, errors that are uncovered. The safety aspects caused by the present unphysical materials’ parameters are discussed.
EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY AND STORAGE DURATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS SUBINNOTATUS IN STORED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEAN (L.) VERDCOURT)

An experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri in 2010. The aim was to determine the effect of Population density and storage duration on the development of Callosobruchus subinnotatus in stored bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdcourt) with different levels of infestation (2, 3, 4 and 6 pairs of C. subinnotatus) per 100g of bambara groundnut and stored for three months duration under prevailing tropical storage temperature of 30 32 o C. The results showed that as the population density of C. subinnotatus increases with increasing storage duration the more the damage done to bambara groundnut. The mean number of eggs laid at different levels of infestation increase with the storage duration indicating a significant difference between the first, second and the third month. Adult emergence in treatments infested with two pairs at the third month has a higher mean number of adults compared to those of first and second month which are also applicable to 3, 4, and 6 pairs. The percentage seed damage of bambara groundnut done infested with two pair of C. subinotatus and stored for three months was higher with mean number of 87.84% while four and six pairs gave 99.66% and 99.33% respectively. The severity of damage caused was more in the third month compared to that of first and second month regardless of the level of infestation. The study submitted that the longer the storage duration, the more economic damage stored produce will suffer due to increase egg laying, increase adult emergence and increase percentage damage of seeds which result to high severity of damage.
Chapter 8 Leadership and Teamwork in Innovation Ecosystems

As experts acknowledge innovation is rarely driven by individuals acting in an isolated capacity, it is generally a social and collaborative element that triggers the concepts of organizational behavior. The question is then how to create environments in projects and in organizations where individual’s creativity and contribution fosters pollination to drive innovation. Studies confirm that the key impacting element in this area is teamwork quality, rather than team composition. Thus, organizations need to create teams with key traits that drive positive collaborations such as communication, coordination, balance of member contributions, mutual support, effort, and cohesion. These traits will allow a social group to deal with the inevitable creative tension needed for innovation ecosystems to flourish. Since human behavior is not mathematical, the only way to do this is creating the conditions for these traits to appear. In this context, leaders as social architects become very important, setting the tone of the organization, clearly defining the mission, identifying and living shared values, setting example, and understanding how organizations and social groups behave. When they are able to build high quality and performing environments, they become innovation brokers generating models that are scalable to be able to impact communities.
Two routes or one in reading aloud? A connectionist dual-process model.

A connectionist study of word reading is described that emphasizes the computational demands of the spelling-sound mapping in determining the properties of the reading system. It is shown that the phonological assembly process can be implemented by a two-layer network, which easily extracts the regularities in the spelling-sound mapping for English from training data containing many exception words. It is argued that productive knowledge about spelling-sound relationships is more easily acquired and used if it is separated from case-specific knowledge of the pronunciation of known words. It is then shown how the interaction of assembled and retrieved phonologies can account for the combined effects of frequency and regularity-consistency and for the reading performance of dyslexic patients. It is concluded that the organization of the reading system reflects the demands of the task and that the pronunciations of nonwords and exception words are computed by different processes.
Nurturing Moral Values in Primary School

This study aims to explore the nurturing of the moral values in primary schools. Specifically, this study examines the aspiration of value education in Malaysia, teachers’ methods of teaching in values and how the pupils apply the values studied. A total of 54 teachers and 152 students participated in this study. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The data obtained from the questionnaire set were analysed by using descriptive statistics whereas theme analysis was used for data obtained from interview sessions. The findings show that moral value education in Malaysia aims to develop the moral values of the pupils in order to face the challenging world. Teachers use different approaches in nurturing moral values at school. However, pupils are less able to internalize and practice the moral values that they have learned. It is suggested that some aspects need to be emphasised in nurturing moral values namely; to provide sufficient time to conduct activities both inside and outside the classroom, and ensuring integration of value aspects in all school activities/ programmes as well as the integration of value aspects in all subjects in school. The findings of the study provide guidance to all stakeholders including teachers on nurturing moral values in school. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 7, July 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 1146
A Comparison of FLES and Immersion Programs. Final Report.

A study compared the foreign language proficiency levels and language and cultural attitudes of students involved in two kinds of elementary school Spanish language proq:ams: immersion and Foreign Language in the Elementary School (FLES). The study also investigated the variation in achievement among children in the same program. Fifth and sixth gradars from nine programs were included in the sample: 85 immersion students, 75 FLES students, and 265 FLEX (foreign language experience) program students. Major differences in oral proficiency scores were found between and within program types, with immersion students outperforming their ? LES peers by more than four to one. The consistent differences are attributed to the 2-ount of foreign language exposure in the program types. Both groups of students scored highest in comprehension, followed by fluency and vocabulary, and were weakest in grammar. Intensive FLES program students scored higher than regular FLES students. Students from all program types had positive attitudes toward Spanish and Spanish-speaking people. Immersion students reported the moot parental encouragement, followed by FLES and then FLEX students. (Author/MSE) alt*********************************************************A*********** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** A Comparison of FLES and Immersion Programs "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY oke. c TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION ('ENTER (ERIC). " Final Report Nancy Rhodes Lynn Thompson Marguerite Ann Snow DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educations+ Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERtC1 document nes been neptoduced as received horn the pen,on a cnigamzetion originating tt Minor cnenges nave been mode 10 imPitove reproduction quality PchnIS wIew Or opsmons staler' r n 11103 CIOC ment QO not neceseartty represent "cgs OF RI posdron or crotiO This report was prepared with funding from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, under contra ct #400-85-1010. The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of OERI or ED. Center for Language Education and Research Center for Applied Linguistics, Was! lington, D.C. May 1989 U.S. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE A Comparison of FLES and Immersion Programs Final Report Nancy Rhodes Lynn Thompson Marguerite Ann Snow This report was prepared with funding from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, under contract #400-85-1010. The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of OERI or ED. Center for Language Education and Research Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. May 1989
The influence of phase variants of Xenorhabdus spp. and Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae) on the propagation of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis

Institutfiir Phytopathologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universitiit, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 9,2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany. SUMMARY To quantify the assumed negative influence of phase II Xenorhabdus spp. on the propagation of entomopathogenic Steinemema and Heterorhabditis nematodes, the in vitro and in vivo reproduction potentials of five nematode species (strains) were determined. Bacteria-free S. carpocapsae (DD-136) were fed with phase variants (primary and secondary form) of X. nematophilus and with Escherichia Coli. The growth profiles, determined by counting nematodes in three day intervals from cultures started with one female nematode, showed no significant differences between the reproduction potentials on phase 1 or II or E. Coli cultures. Growth on E. coli resulted, however, in a delay of nematode development by about 6 days. Phase variants of X. bovienii and X. poinarii did not signifcantly alter the number of off-Springs per female, final nematode yields, the generation time or the body Iength of the females of S. bibionis (OBS III) and Steinemema sp. (NC 513), respectively. The same results were obtained with H. heliothidis (NC-1 [HH]) and Heterorhabditis sp. (NZ). Phase II variants caused, however, a higher nematode mortality than phase 1 ’ X. luminbscens. The phase 1 bacterium of strain NZ stayed stable for 6 months. A stable phase II could only be obtained after prolonged subculturing for 11 months and resulted in an orange and a yellow pigmented clone. Nematode development was totally inhibited on the yellow pigmented variant. Percent mortality of last instar Galleria mellonella larvae did not differ when axenic or phase 1 or II bearing S. carpocapsae and Steinemenza sp. (NC 513) dauer larvae were used. The propagation of phase II symbiont carrying nematodes was always lower. The reasons for the different nematode yields obtained from in vitro and in vivo cultures are discussed.
The Level-alpha Hybrid SPA Test and Its Application to Stochastic Dominance

In comparing multiple forecasting models, Song suggested a statistical test coupling two different tests, one-sided sup-test and complementary test, to robustify power against local alternative hypotheses. However, his test does not satisfy the level constraint in the limit. Accordingly, I suggest the method to modify the hybrid test to satisfy the constraint by incorporating Hansen’s re-centering method. The proposed test is pointwise asymptotically level α and pointwise consistent against any fixed alternative hypothesis. I also extend the idea of coupling to be applicable to the stochastic dominance test, and suggest hybrid stochastic dominance test by incorporating Donald and Hsu’s method. Monte-Carlo simulation study shows that the hybrid SPA test outperforms existing tests in certain designs while its performance is similar to that of SPA test by Hansen in most cases in finite sample. Meanwhile it seems that coupling does not enhance the power when it comes to stochastic dominance test.
Varhaiskasvatuksen yhteinen johtajuus vastakohtaisten diskurssien valossa

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan yhteisen johtajuuden taustalla vallitsevia diskursseja. Lahtokohtaisesti yhteisessa johtajuudessa keskeista on dialogisuus ja yhteinen ymmarrys organisaation todellisuudesta. Tutkimuksella pyritaan loytamaan vastauksia siihen, millaisia diskursseja johtajuudesta on loydettavissa varhaiskasvatusyksikoiden henkiloston puheessa ja eroavatko diskurssit varhaiskasvatusyksikoiden kasvattajatiimien valilla. Tutkimus perustuu kevaalla 2017 toteutettuun kyselytutkimukseen, josta saatua aineistoa analysoitiin diskurssianalyysilla. Kysely toteutettiin sahkopostikyselyna, jossa pyydettiin kasvattajatiimeja koostamaan yhteisen keskustelun kautta vastaukset siihen, millaisiin seikkoihin he arvelivat oman yksikkonsa saaman arviointituloksen vuoden 2015 kyselyssa perustuvan. Positiivinen diskurssi yhteisesta johtajuudesta nousi puheesta, jossa kerrottiin luottamuksesta, joka voimaannuttaa henkilostoa. Negatiivista diskurssia edusti puhe, jolle leimallista oli muutosten tuomat epavakauden ja epavarmuuden kuvaukset. Henkilostomuutokset yhdessa organisatoristen muutosten kanssa nousivat henkiloston puheessa taustasyiksi tyytymattomyyteen. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, etta tyytyvaisyyden tai tyytymattomyyden diskurssi muodostuu kokonaisvaltaiseksi yhden varhaiskasvatusyksikon tavaksi nahda johtajuus osana laajempaa organisaatiokulttuuria.