Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of fat and the type of fatty acid (MUFA vs. PUFA) inclusion in the diet of beef cows during the pre- and postpartum period on the performance of the dam and the progeny. In study 1, replicated over three years, 36 second- and third-calving lactating Angus cows were stratified by BW (554±15.5 kg) and days postpartum (38±1.5 d), and randomly assigned to 9 paddocks (4 cows/paddock) where cows grazed cool-season grass (CSG) pastures (12.5±2.5% CP and 56.5±2.9% TDN). Each paddock was randomly assigned to one of three replicated treatments: a non-supplemented control (CON), and two supplemented (SUP) treatments where cows were offered either a canola seed (CAN) or a flaxseed (FLX) based pellet targeting 300 g/cow/d of supplemental fat (EE) over 42 d. Data were analyzed as a RCBD with contrasts for the effect of fat supplementation (CON vs. SUP) and source (CAN vs. FLX). Results indicate that CON had greater (P=0.01) forage utilization and tended (P=0.08) to have greater estimated forage DMI compared to SUP, while no difference (P≥0.76) was observed between CAN and FLX. At the end of the trial, all treatments resulted in positive ADG, maintained or increased BCS and SCFT, and reduced serum NEFA concentration with no difference (P≥0.20) among treatments. No differences (P≥0.12) were observed for pregnancy rate, calving distribution and calving to calving interval. In study 2, replicated over 2 years, 75 multiparous (≥3 calving) pregnant Angus cows were stratified by BW (663±21.5 kg) and BCS (2.6±0.12), and randomly assigned to 15 outdoor pens. Subsequently, each pen was randomly assigned to one of three (n=5) treatments: a low-fat diet (LF; 1.4±0.12% EE) and two high-fat diets (HF; 3.3±0.20% EE) which included a CAN or a FLX pelleted feeds similar to those used in study 1. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of pregnant beef cows during the last two trimesters of gestation (183±4.8 d), and offered such that each pen on average received similar amounts of DE (31.2±2.8 Mcal/cow/d), CP (1.36±0.13 kg/cow/d), and DM (12.9±1.0 kg/cow/d). Data were analyzed as RCBD with contrasts for the effects of level (LF vs. HF) and source (CAN vs. FLX) of fat. After 160 d on trial, conceptus corrected-BW (CC-BW) of LF cows (708 kg) and the proportion of over conditioned cows (13.2%) were greater (P≤0.04) than those of HF, with no difference (P≥0.84) between CAN and FLX. Feeding FLX diet over gestation resulted in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) with greater (P≤0.01) concentration of CLnA (0.12 vs. 0.05%) and n-3 (0.58 vs. 0.37%) fatty acids, and a tendency (P=0.09) for CLA concentration (1.05 vs. 0.88%) to be greater when compared to CAN diet. By the end of gestation, serum NEFA concentration of LF cows (592 μEq/L) was lower (P<0.01) than that of HF cows, and FLX cows had greater (P<0.01) serum NEFA concentration than CAN cows (636 vs. 961 μEq/L). Cows receiving the LF diet over gestation gave birth to lighter (P≤0.01) calves compared to those receiving the HF diets (40.2 vs.…
Multiple feeding strategies observed in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa

Abstract Cold-water coral reefs are biodiversity hotspots of the deep sea. The most dominant reef-building cold-water coral in the Atlantic is Lophelia pertusa, which builds vast and structurally complex habitats. Studying the behaviours of deep-sea species is challenging due to the technological difficulties in making prolonged observations in situ, so little is known about the behavioural ecology of this important species. Observations in laboratory studies can help to enhance our understanding of the range of behaviours these species exhibit. Here we present video evidence that the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is capable of producing mucus nets as part of their feeding strategy. This finding suggests that L. pertusa has a more diverse range of feeding strategies than previously thought.
Antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from community acquired urinary tract infection at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has been noted in community acquired strains as against the hospital acquired origin. This study was designed to assess antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profile of extended spectrum beta lactamase - producing Escherichia coli from community acquired urinary tract
A Comparative Investigation of TOPSIS, Factor Analysis, and Scale Gram Analytical Methods on Rural Development (A case study of Islamshahr rural development level)

Rural areas have always played a significant role in the global economy by providing a variety of foods and raw materials. This role is much more prominent in developing countries. Rural development is also an important part of regional policies, covering agriculture, forestry, natural resource management, land use, and economic diversity in these areas. The present study focused on investigating rural development in rural areas of Islamshar County, Iran. Given the lack of productivity in this region and the fact that this county is so close to two metropolitan cities of Karaj and Tehran, it is necessary to examine the level of development of the villages in this county. Among various methods of ranking, the credit and point of rural development in this research were measured by AHP-based TOPSIS, factor analysis, and scale gram methods. Categorization by TOPSIS and factor analysis revealed close results considering 27 criteria for the evaluation of choices. Scale gram analysis generally confirmed these results. Also, the overall results show that the economic factor derived from the factor analysis method and the agricultural factor derived from the AHP method were acceptable. According to the viewpoint of the research population, many of the rural areas in the studied county were categorized in "deprived" group.
Comparison between Thermophilic and Mesophilic Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactors—A Modeling Study

The concept of thermophilic membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (ThMABR) is studied by modeling. This concept combines the advantages and overcomes the disadvantages of conventional MABR and thermophilic aerobic biological treatment and has great potential to develop a new type of ultra-compact, highly efficient bioreactor for high-strength wastewater and waste gas treatments. Mathematical modeling was conducted to investigate the impact of temperature (mesophilic vs. thermophilic) and oxygen partial pressure on oxygen and substrate concentration profiles, membrane–biofilm interfacial oxygen concentration, oxygen penetration distance, and oxygen and substrate fluxes into biofilms. The general trend of oxygen transfer and substrate flux into biofilm between ThAnMBR and MMABR was verified by the experimental results in the literature. The results from modeling studies indicate that the ThMABR has significant advantages over the conventional mesophilic MABR in terms of improved oxygen and pollutant flux into biofilms and biodegradation rates, and an optimal biofilm thickness exists for maximum oxygen and substrate fluxes into the biofilm.
Thermal driven flows inside a square enclosure saturated with nanofluids: Convection heat functions and transfer rate revisions from a homogenous model

Abstract In former theoretical researches of nanofluid flows, numerical investigations could not agree with experimental observations, particularly regarding whether the mixing nanoparticles will enhance or deteriorate the heat transfer. In the present work, thermal driven buoyancy flows of nanofluids in a square enclosure were modeled by the use of homogeneous assumptions and the effective kinematic viscosity and thermal conductivity formulas. Thoroughly developed heat transfer coefficient is subsequently proposed, aiming to critically evaluate the performance of nanofluid heat transport. Numerical results are presented over a wide range of thermal Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106) and nanoparticles volume fraction (0.001 ≤ φ ≤ 0.04). Present modeling results accurately predict both the enhancement and deterioration of the natural convection heat transfer, fully validated by former experimental observations. Overall, mathematical models and Nusselt number definitions proposed in the present work effectively enhance the reliability of numerical modeling researches on the nanofluid heat transfer. Present clarification research on the Nusselt unifications could benefit future development of thermal carrier fluid enhanced by nano-particles.
An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish

A shift in environmental conditions impacts the evolution of complex developmental and behavioral traits. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, is a powerful model for examining the evolution of development, physiology, and behavior because multiple cavefish populations can be compared to an extant and ancestral-like surface population of the same species. Many behaviors have diverged in cave populations of A. mexicanus, and previous studies have shown that cavefish have a loss of sleep, reduced stress, an absence of social behaviors, and hyperphagia. Despite these findings, surprisingly little is known about the changes in neuroanatomy that underlie these behavioral phenotypes. Here, we use serial sectioning to generate a brain atlas of surface fish and three independent cavefish populations. Volumetric reconstruction of serial-sectioned brains confirms convergent evolution on reduced optic tectum volume in all cavefish populations tested. In addition, we quantified volumes of specific neuroanatomical loci within several brain regions, which have previously been implicated in behavioral regulation, including the hypothalamus, thalamus, and habenula. These analyses reveal an expansion of the hypothalamus across all three cavefish populations relative to surface fish, as well as subnuclei-specific differences within the thalamus and habenulae. Taken together, these analyses support the notion that changes in environmental conditions are accompanied by neuroanatomical changes in brain structures associated with behavior. This atlas provides a resource for comparative neuroanatomy of additional brain regions and the opportunity to associate brain anatomy with evolved changes in behavior.
Fecal microbial signatures of healthy Han individuals from three bio-geographical zones in Guangdong

Important forensic evidence traced from crime scenes, such as fecal materials, can help in the forensic investigation of criminal cases. Intestines are the largest microbial pool in the human body whose microbial community is considered to be the human “second fingerprint”. The present study explored the potential for community characteristics of gut microbes in forensic medicine. Fecal microbiota profiles of healthy individuals from three representative Han populations (Guangzhou, Shantou and Meizhou) in Guangdong Province, China were evaluated using High-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16SrRNA gene. Results of the present study showed that at the genus level, Shantou, Guangzhou, and Meizhou behaved as Enterotype1, Enterotype2, and Enterotype3, which were mainly composed of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Blautia, respectively. Based on OTU abundance at the genus level, using the random forest prediction model, it was found that there might be potential for distinguishing individuals of Guangzhou, Meizhou, and Shantou according to their fecal microbial community. Moreover, the findings of the microbial community of fecal samples in the present study were significantly different from that of saliva samples reported in our previous study, and thus it is evident that the saliva and feces can be distinguished. In conclusion, this study reported the fecal microbial signature of three Han populations, which may provide basic data for the potential application in forensic practice, containing body fluid identification, and geographical inference.
Effect of Different Sources and Concentrations of Pre-harvest Calcium and Boron Sprays on the Quality and Yield of Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

A field study was carried out by KVK, Anantnag to determine the effect of different sources and concentrations of calcium and boron on yield and quality of apple cv. Red Delicious. Boron was sprayed at pink bud stage and at petal fall stage, whereas calcium at walnut stage and next two sprays at three weeks interval after first spray. The results of the study were promising as there was a significant improvement in both yield and quality of apple. The results clearly showed that calcium and boron regardless of source and concentration improved both yield and quality of apple over control. However, Calcium (Cacl 2 ) as dehydrated source @ 0.3 per cent and Boron as boric acid @ 0.15 per cent proved to be the best treatment over other treatments was statistically at par with results obtained with solubar at similar concentration for yield parameters. Furthermore, an average enhancement of yield to the tune of 29.83 per cent and quality in terms of A grade apples to the tune of 55.31 per cent were achieved over control. Thus, it can be concluded that foliar sprays of calcium and boron on apple not only increase yield, but also improve quality that results in significantly higher economic returns.
Temporal changes in cortical oxygenation in the motor-related areas and bilateral prefrontal cortex based on exercise intensity and respiratory metabolism during incremental exercise in male subjects: A near-Infrared spectroscopy study

A recent study has reported that prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during incremental exercise may be related to exercise termination on exhaustion. However, few studies have focused on motor-related areas during incremental exercise. This study investigated changes in the oxygenation of the PFC and motor-related areas using near-infrared spectroscopy during incremental exercise. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of exercise termination on changes in cortical oxygenation based on exercise intensity and respiratory metabolism. Sixteen healthy young male patients participated in this study. After a 4-min rest and 4-min warm-up period, incremental exercise was started at an incremental load corresponding to 20 W/min. Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) in the bilateral PFC, supplementary motor area, and primary motor cortex were measured. We evaluated changes in oxygenation in each cortex before and after the anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point to identify changes due to respiratory metabolism. O2Hb and THb increased from moderate intensity or after AT to maximal exercise, and HHb increased slowly compared to O2Hb and THb; these changes in hemoglobin levels were consistent in all cortical areas we measured. However, the increase in each hemoglobin level in the bilateral PFC during incremental exercise was faster than that in motor-related areas. Moreover, changes in cortical oxygenation in the right PFC were faster than those in the left PFC. These results suggest changes based on differences in neural activity due to the cortical area.
Time Parameterizations in Cluster Randomized Trial Planning

Abstract Models for cluster randomized trials conducted over multiple time periods should account for underlying temporal trends. However, in practice there is often limited knowledge or data available to inform the choice of time parameterization of these trends, or to anticipate the implications of this choice on trial planning. In this article, we establish a sufficient condition for when the choice of time parameterization does not affect the form of the variance of the treatment effect estimator, thereby simplifying the planning of these trials.
Oxygen-Vacancy Engineering of Cerium-Oxide Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Activity

To address an important challenge in the engineering of antioxidant nanoparticles, the present work devised a surface-to-bulk migration of oxygen vacancies in the oxygen radical-scavenging cerium-oxide nanoparticles. The study highlights the significance of surface oxygen vacancies in the intended cellular internalization and, subsequently, the radical scavenging activity of the nanoparticles inside the cells. The findings advise future development of therapeutic antioxidant nanomaterials to also include engineering of the particles for enhanced surface defects not only for the accessibility of their oxygen vacancies but also, equally important, rendering them bioavailable for cellular uptake.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES E SUSCEPTIBILIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE Pereskia grandifolia HAWORTH (CACTACEAE)

A especie Pereskia grandifolia Haworth (Cactaceae), conhecida popularmente como ora-pro-nobis, foi avaliada quanto as suas propriedades antioxidantes e susceptibilidade antimicrobiana. As propriedades antioxidantes foram avaliadas pelo metodo de inibicao do radical livre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH•). Os extratos das folhas de P. grandifolia (1000 ig/mL) apresentaram propriedades antioxidantes entre 10 e 30% de inibicao. Dentre os extratos avaliados, o diclorometânico e o acetato de etila apresentaram maior capacidade de sequestro de radicais livres de DPPH• (25 e 30% de inibicao, respectivamente). A susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pelo metodo de microdiluicao. Nao se observau atividade antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6623) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), nem atividade antifungica frente a Candida albicans (ATCC 10231)
Platelet count and transfusion requirements during moderate or severe postpartum haemorrhage

Limited data exist on platelet transfusion during postpartum haemorrhage. We retrospectively analysed a consecutive cohort from a single centre of 347 women with moderate or severe postpartum haemorrhage, transfused according to national guidelines. Twelve (3%) women required a platelet transfusion. There were no differences between women who did and did not receive platelets with respect to age, mode of initiation of labour or mode of delivery. Women receiving a platelet transfusion had a lower median (IQR [range]) platelet count at study entry than women who did not receive platelets before haemorrhage (135 (97–175 [26–259])×109.l−1 vs 224 (186–274 [91–1006])×109.l−1), respectively), and at diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage (median 114 (78–153 [58–238])×109.l−1 vs 193 (155–243 [78–762])×109.l−1 respectively). Six women were thrombocytopenic pre‐delivery. The cause of haemorrhage that was associated with the highest rate of platelet transfusion was placental abruption, with three of 14 women being transfused. If antenatal thrombocytopenia or consumptive coagulopathy were not present, platelets were only required for haemorrhage > 5000 ml. Early formulaic platelet transfusion would have resulted in many women receiving platelets unnecessarily. Using current guidelines, the need for platelet transfusion is uncommon without antenatal thrombocytopenia, consumptive coagulopathy or haemorrhage > 5000 ml. We found no evidence to support early fixed‐ratio platelet transfusion.
Evaluation of the Phenol Production Potential in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Response to Infection Caused by Fusariun verticillioides (Niren.)

This study investigated phenol production in five maize varieties in response to infection caused by Fusarium verticillioides. Pure culture of the pathogen was obtained from Plant Pathology Laboratory of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The screen house experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Dual inoculation was done where soil was infected separately before planting and seedlings were infected separately two weeks after planting with two volumes (10ml and 20ml) containing 1.4×107 spores/ml suspension of F. verticillioides. The maize plants were harvested at 4th, 5th and 6th weeks after inoculation and the maize plants were dried at room temperature before determination of phenol content in each of the varieties. Data gathered on the agronomic parameters and phenol contents were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.1 statistical package. All the maize varieties recorded more than 70% stalk rot incidence while the severity ranged from 19.01% in variety ART-98-SW1 to 25.21% in ART-98-SW6. ART-98-SW6 showed the most (p<0.05) phenol content (21.28 mg/g). Soil inoculation produced the highest percentage stalk rot severity while seedling inoculation showed significantly higher phenol contents across the period of study. Similarly, disease severity increased with increasing inoculum levels with highest attained using 20 ml (23.99%) while higher phenol content was obtained at inoculum level 10 ml (18.61 mg/g) compared to results using 20 ml (15.63 mg/g) and control (7.88 mg/g). The maize variety; ART-98-SW6 with highest stalk rot severity also produced the highest phenol content. Overall, the rate of phenol production in maize corresponded with the extent of severity F. verticillioides infections.
Fulminant Necrotizing Enteritis after Revisional Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Abstract Background: We report the first case of Pseudomonas necrotizing enteritis in an adult patient after undergoing revision Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This rare condition has been reported only in the healthy pediatric population. The diagnosis and management of our case was challenging, which is in agreement with the available pediatric literature we summarize in our report. Conclusion: Despite timely medical and surgical intervention (when indicated), Pseudomonas necrotizing enteritis has a reported high mortality reaching 89%.
Employer Demand for College Graduates with High Grades

This study analyzes the preferred grade point average (GPA) that employers are looking for when hiring a college graduate. A survey was emailed to employers who recruit students from the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at Oklahoma State University. Previous research shows that employers primarily seek soft skills in college graduates, which are difficult to assess. Studies also show that GPA scores, which are easy to assess, are correlated with soft skills, which helps employers make an estimated guess as to whom the company would desire. The survey asks employers to undergo a simulated hiring decision where they must choose between different candidates with different GPA scores and salaries. Their simulated hiring decisions provide unique insights into employersâ€™ preferences for grades among college graduates. Surprisingly, the results show a possible, but mild preference for 3.0 over 2.5 GPA scores, and that employers prefer a 2.5 GPA over a 3.5 GPA and higher. Additionally, larger employers placed greater emphasis on high grades.