Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Random Forest Classification and Nationally Available Geospatial Data to Screen for Wetlands over Large Geographic Regions

Wetland impact assessments are an integral part of infrastructure projects aimed at protecting the important services wetlands provide for water resources and ecosystems. However, wetland surveys with the level of accuracy required by federal regulators can be time-consuming and costly. Streamlining this process by using already available geospatial data and classification algorithms to target more detailed wetland mapping efforts may support environmental planning efforts. The objective of this study was to create and test a methodology that could be applied nationally, leveraging existing data to quickly and inexpensively screen for potential wetlands over large geographic regions. An automated workflow implementing the methodology for a case study region in the coastal plain of Virginia is presented. When compared to verified wetlands mapped by experts, the methodology resulted in a much lower false negative rate of 22.6% compared to the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) false negative rate of 69.3%. However, because the methodology was designed as a screening approach, it did result in a slight decrease in overall classification accuracy compared to the NWI from 80.5% to 76.1%. Given the considerable decrease in wetland omission while maintaining comparable overall accuracy, the methodology shows potential as a wetland screening tool for targeting more detailed and costly wetland mapping efforts.
The Relationship Between Leisure Time Management and Perceptions of Boredom

The purpose of this research is to examine university students’ leisure time management and perceptions of boredomaccording to various factors and to put forward the relationship between those two concepts. The test group of theresearch has been selected with purposive sampling among students from Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty ofSport Sciences and 170 “Male” and 82 “Female” students with an average age of 21,71 ± 3,10 have volunteered totake part. In the research “Leisure Time Management Scale,” which has been developed by Wang et al. (2011) andadapted into Turkish by Akgül and Karaküçük (2015), and “Leisure Boredom Scale,” which has been developed byIso-Ahola and Weisseinger (1990), and adapted to Turkish by Kara et al. (2014), has been used. In order todetermine the personal information of participants the percentage and frequency methods; to determine whether thedata has normal distribution or not the Shapiro Wilks normalcy test has been applied and after concluding, that thedata is conformable with the parametric test conditions, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests have been used fordata analysis. According to the analysis; in view of gender variable, in both leisure time management and leisureboredom perceptions scale a significant difference has been observed (p<0.05). In view of age variable, in the“Programming” subdimension of leisure time management and in all subdimensions of leisure boredom perceptionscale a significant difference has been observed (p<0.05). In view of wealth variable, in the “Leisure time manner”and “Programming” subdimensions of leisure time management scale a significant difference has been observed butno difference has been observed in leisure time perception. Finally, a negative and meaningful relationship has beenobserved between the two scales. In conclusion it is possible to claim, that the leisure time management and boredomperception of participants has had significant differences in view of some variables and that when they can managetheir leisure time, they are satisfied.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis with Kernel Sparse Representation Classification Based on Adaptive Local Iterative Filtering-Enhanced Multiscale Entropy Features

To improve the bearings diagnosis accuracy considering multiple fault types with small samples, a new approach that combined adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF), multiscale entropy features, and kernel sparse representation classification (KSRC) is put forward in this paper. ALIF is used to adaptively decompose the nonlinear, nonstationary vibration signals into a sum of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Multiple entropy features such as sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, and permutation entropy with multiscale are computed from the first three IMFs and a total of one hundred and eighty features are obtained. After normalization, the features are employed to train and test the classifier KSRC, respectively. Finally, the proposed approach is evaluated with two experimental tests. One is concerned with different types of bearing faults from the centrifugal pump; and the other is from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) considering 12 bearing fault states. Experimental results have proved that the proposed approach is efficient for bearing fault diagnosis, and high accuracy will be obtained with high dimensional features through small samples.
Distinct Degassing Pulses During Magma Invasion in the Stratified Karoo Basin—New Insights From Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Modeling

Magma emplacement in organic‐rich sedimentary basins is a main driver of past environmental crises. Using a 2‐D numerical model, we investigate the process of thermal cracking in contact aureoles of cooling sills and subsequent transport and emission of thermogenic methane by hydrothermal fluids. Our model includes a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion to initiate hydrofracturing and a dynamic porosity/permeability. We investigate the Karoo Basin, taking into account host‐rock material properties from borehole data, realistic total organic carbon content, and different sill geometries. Consistent with geological observations, we find that thermal plumes quickly rise at the edges of saucer‐shaped sills, guided along vertically fractured high‐permeability pathways. Contrastingly, less focused and slower plumes rise from the edges and the central part of flat‐lying sills. Using a novel upscaling method based on sill‐to‐sediment ratio, we find that degassing of the Karoo Basin occurred in two distinct phases during magma invasion. Rapid degassing triggered by sills emplaced within the top 1.5 km emitted ~1.6·103 Gt of thermogenic methane, while thermal plumes originating from deeper sills, carrying a 13‐times‐greater mass of methane, may not reach the surface. We suggest that these large quantities of methane could be remobilized by the heat provided by neighboring sills. We conclude that the Karoo large igneous province may have emitted as much as ~22.3·103 Gt of thermogenic methane in the half million years of magmatic activity, with emissions up to 3 Gt/year. This quantity of methane and the emission rates can explain the negative δ13C excursion of the Toarcian environmental crisis.
Error Correction in Second-Year Students' Compositions: A Comparative Study of Native and Non-Native Speakers/Instructors of French.

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether or not there are differences between native and non-native speakers/instructors of French when they correct second year students compositions. The research questions this study set forth to answer are: 1. Are there any differences in the number of corrections performed by native and non-native speakers/instructors of university intermediate French classes when they evaluate compositions? 2. Are there any differences between native and non-native speakers/instructors in the categories (verb, noun, spelling, other) where error correction was performed? 3. Are there any differences between native and non-native speakers/instructors when and if they paid attention to content? The data for analysis consisted in the students’ compositions already corrected and returned to the students. The subjects of the study were Teaching Assistants at a large university. The methods used were both quantitative and qualitative. In order to answer research questions one and two, a MANOVA was run. The results indicate that there are no significant differences between native and non-native speakers in the number of errors corrected. There were also no significant differences between native and non-native speakers in the error categories where corrections were performed. No difference was found between native and non-native speakers in their interest for the content of the compositions. The lack of instructor comment pertaining to content was common to both the native and the non-native groups. Conclusions to be drawn from the results of this study are that native speakers of French correct as many mistakes as do non-native speakers. Moreover, it follows that non-native speakers of French are as capable of identifying and correcting students accuracy mistakes. Native and non-native speakers alike show very little interest for compositions’ contents. Implications from this research reach several areas such as TA preparation, error correction, the teaching of grammar, classroom instruction and the teaching of writing in the foreign language classroom. CHAPTER
The use of eye movements in human-computer interaction techniques: what you look at is what you get

In seeking hitherto-unused methods by which users and computers can comrnumcate, we investigate the usefulness of eye movements as a fast and convenient auxiliary user-to-computer communication mode. The barrier to exploiting this medium has not been eye-tracking technology but the study of interaction techniques that incorporate eye movements mto the usercomputer dialogue in a natural and unobtrusive way This paper discusses some of the human factors and technical considerations that arise in trying to use eye movements as an input medium, describes our approach and the first eye movement-based interaction techniques that we have devised and implemented in our laboratory, and reports our experiences and observa tions on them.
Debugging PVS specifications of control logics via event-driven simulation

—In this paper, we present a framework aimed at simulating control logics speciﬁed in the higher-order logic of the Prototype Veriﬁcation System . The framework offers a library of predeﬁned modules, a method for the composition of more complex modules, and an event-driven simulation engine. A developer simulates the speciﬁed system by providing its input waveforms as functions from time to logic levels. Once the simulation experiments give sufﬁcient conﬁdence in the correctness of the speciﬁcation, the model can serve as a basis for the formal veriﬁcation of desired properties of interest. A simple case study from a nuclear power plant application is shown. This paper is a contribution to research aimed at improving the development process of safety-critical systems by integrating simulation and formal speciﬁcation methods.
The Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Game Specific Skills in Elite Young Soccer Players

: Game specific motor skills develop the foundation of the game of football. The importance of fundamental motor skills as a substantial basis of sport-specific motor skills is generally accepted. However, up until now, research on the relationship between fundamental and specific motor skills in soccer players has been missing. The aim of this study, therefore
Assessing the Effectiveness of Attractants to Increase Detection Probabilities in Northeastern Mammals

A primary problem with camera trapping in wildlife occupancy studies is the failure to detect an animal when it is present at the site. My objective was to determine the optimal attractant setup for maximizing detection probabilities of northeast mammalian communities. I carried out a camera trapping project in northern Maine, USA from August to November 2018, and tested 3 distinct attractant setup. Sampling stations consisted of four camera units, and each sampling unit constituted either a treatment or a control: 1) bait + lure (treatment), 2) bait only (treatment), 3) lure only (treatment), and 4) camera only (control). Data analysis was conducted in program PRESENCE, using a single season, multi-method occupancy modeling framework. Results showed that the combination attractant of bait + lure was the most effective for maximizing detection probability of carnivores. Bait + lure also proved to be particularly effective for mustelid species, while ‘lure only’ was particularly effective for American black bear (Ursus americanus). Use of attractants was shown to have nearly no effect on detection probability of non-carnivore taxa.
Comparison of PM10 Sources Profiles at 15 French Sites Using a Harmonized Constrained Positive Matrix Factorization Approach

Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a five-year period (2012–2016) in France. The present paper aims at giving an overview of the results obtained within this project, notably illustrating the behavior of key primary sources as well as focusing on their statistical robustness and representativeness. Overall, wood burning for residential heating as well as road transport were confirmed to be the two main primary sources strongly influencing PM10 loadings across the country. While wood burning profiles, as well as those dominated by secondary inorganic aerosols, present a rather good homogeneity among the sites investigated, some significant variabilities were observed for primary traffic factors, illustrating the need to better characterize the diversity of the various vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Finally, natural sources, such as sea salts (widely observed in internal mixing with anthropogenic compounds), primary biogenic aerosols and/or terrigenous particles, were also found as non-negligible PM10 components at every investigated site.
VII.—The Structural History of the Moine Thrust Zone at Lochcarron, Wester Ross

Synopsis Torridonian and Lewisian rocks lying in inverted order between the Kishorn thrust and the Moine thrust, and Moine rocks, lying above the Moine thrust, exhibit a remarkable parallelism of structure. New evidence shows that three sets of minor structures have been developed in the formations during the Caledonian movements. At least two of these sets pre-date the Moine thrust movements. The mylonites, which are not restricted to the vicinity of the Moine thrust outcrop, belong to an earlier movement phase than these structures and are not directly related to the clean-cut thrust movements. They appear to represent narrow zones of shearing and sliding, mainly within the Lewisian gneisses that developed early in the Caledonian orogeny. There is reason to suppose that the inversion of the rocks to the west of the Moine thrust occurred before the formation of the minor structures recognized in the paper. The minor structures are described and their order of formation established. The plastic, para-crystalline style of the earlier deformation is contrasted with the post-crystalline brittle style of the later deformations.
COMMUNITY READING GARDEN MANAGEMENT (TBM) MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING WOMEN'S ECOLOGICAL LITERATION

The community reading park (TBM) is one of the community education institutions that has become the foundation for the development of programs to improve the quality of life of the community. Because with the presence of TBM the community will have broad access to information and cooperation networks. However, the management of this community education unit is still experiencing various obstacles, therefore it is necessary to examine the process of managing community education units, especially in the context of increasing ecological literacy for women. The theories used are empowerment theory, public education theory and environmental ecology theory. While the research method used is descriptive qualitative research method with a research source of 10 respondents, the instruments used are interview guidelines, observation guidelines and documentation studies. In the results it was found that management of TBM managers played an important role in improving ecological literacy, including supporting women's understanding in utilizing the environment to improve the quality of life. With the conclusion that the management of TBM management provides support for increasing ecological literacy for women.
An early warning monitoring of Earthquake-induced slope failures by monitoring inclination changes in multi-point tilt sensors

An early warning monitoring system is one of the most effective ways to reduce disasters induced by slope instability. The 2016 Ms 7.3 Kumamoto earthquake, which occurred in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, induced more than 190 large scales of slope failures (123), debris flows (57) and landslides (10). A system of distributed tilt sensors for early warning monitoring of earthquake-induced landslides and slope failures has been proposed. Tilt angles in the surface layer of a slope were monitored using this method and, in several case studies, distinct behaviors in tilt angles in pre-failure stages were detected. Based on this behavior, it is recommended, from a regulatory perspective, a precaution be issued when the tilting rate of a slope is 0.01°/h, and a warning be issued when the tilting rate is 0.1°/h.
TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIAN EROSI LAHAN

Permasalahan erosi lahan dan sedimentasi waduk akan berdampak pada umur fungsi waduk. Beberapa waduk umumnya mengalami problem operasional sebagai akibat pengurangan kapasitas waduk. Waduk Sempor, Wadaslintang, Kedung Ombo, Mrica dan beberapa waduk lain mengalami permasalahan sedimentasi. Tulisan ini mencoba mengulas upaya mengurangi erosi dan sedimentasi melalui beberapa upaya pengendalian erosi lahan. Pengendalian erosi dimaksudkan sebagai upaya pencegahan kerusakan tanah dengan cara mengupayakan resistansi tanah terhadap daya erosi dan mengurangi sifat erosif dari aliran permukaan (surface runoff). Usaha pengendalian erosi dan/atau usaha pengawetan tanah dapat dilaksanakan dengan teknologi atau beberapa cara seperti cara vegetatif, cara mekanik, cara gabungan vegetatif dan mekanis serta cara kimiawi. Pada Tulisan ini akan dijelaskan cara vegetatif dan cara teknis atau mekanis. Kata kunci: Erosi lahan, Pengendalian erosi, vegetatif, mekanik
Analysis of the Types of Storage Facilities Used among Farmers of Selected Root Crops in Mubi-South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

The study examined of the types of storage facilities used among farmers of selected root cropsin Mubi-South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The entire three existingdistricts in the study area were involved in the study. Multi-stage sampling procedure wasemployed in selecting the wards, villages and respondents. The specific objectives of the studywere to: identify the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; identify the types ofstorage facilities being used by the respondents; examine the extent of losses of sweetpotatoes and cassava due to storage problems; ascertain the contribution of extension workerstowards reducing losses of sweet potatoes and cassava among the respondents; determine therelationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their incomes;and, identify the problems associated with the storage of sweet potatoes and cassava amongthe respondents. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the objectives.Objectives i, ii, iii, iv and vi were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, while the Pearson’sCorrelation was used to address objective v. Major findings reveal that majority of therespondents were within the agriculturally active and productive age brackets. Also, majority ofthem have attained only up to primary school level. Only 28% of the respondents have anaverage annual income above 160, 000. Majority (62%) of them use underground pits for thestorage of their root crops, while the second highest percentage (27%) of them use earthenpots. Majority (69%) of them described the extent of losses to as high. More than half (55%) ofthe respondents obtain agricultural information from either neighbours or fellow farmers,followed by 18% who receive same from agricultural input sellers. Extension workers have notdone much work in the study area; The major problems identified were inadequacy of storagefacilities (25%), lack of capital (28%) and high cost of modern storage facilities (21%). All thesocio-economic characteristics of the respondents studied X1 (age) = 0.552; X2 (household size)= 0.426; X3 (farm size) = 0.263; X4 (farming experience = 0.339; and, X5 (education) = 0.139) havepositive coefficients and are significant at 1%. It was concluded that the respondents are usingonly the traditional types of storage facilities for their sweet potatoes and cassava. It wasrecommended, among others, that extension workers should embark on intensive awarenesscampaigns. Adult education programmes should be organized and extension workers shouldassist farmers on how to access loan facilities and finance from commercial banks and nongovernmental organizations.
Multiage Education: An Exploration of Advantages and Disadvantages through a Systematic Review of the Literature

This systematic quantitative literature review explores existent empirical studies with an interest in multiage education in small school settings, with a specific focus on curriculum and pedagogy. Database searches were methodically conducted across six data bases. The inclusion criteria specified the need for empirical research, and publication dates ranged from 1997 to 2017. The article begins by setting the scene for the systematic review, exploring historical and international practices related to multiage complexities and terminology. Curriculum and pedagogical practices are explored to identify key advantages and disadvantages associated with a multiage approach in small school contexts.
Evaluation of the Brazilian potential for producing aviation biofuels through consolidated routes

A industria da aviacao estabeleceu metas ambiciosas para reduzir o consumo de combustivel, nao so para reduzir os custos, mas tambem para reduzir as emissoes de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). Tais metas incluem melhorias na eficiencia, crescimento neutro em carbono a partir de 2020 e expressivas reducoes na pegada de carbono ate 2050. Uma das estrategias estabelecidas para atingir esses objetivos e o desenvolvimento de combustiveis alternativos sustentaveis, tambem conhecidos como biojet. O Brasil pode ser considerado um potencial produtor de biojet devido as condicoes edafoclimaticas favoraveis, que fazem do pais um grande produtor agricola. Alem disso, o pais possui elevada disponibilidade de recursos e uma vasta experiencia na utilizacao de biomassa para a producao de biocombustiveis. Nesse sentido, esta dissertacao apresenta um estudo de caso para avaliar o potencial da producao de biojet no Brasil. Para tal, alguns indicadores como disponibilidade de materia-prima, performance ambiental e efetividade de custo para rotas de producao selecionadas foram avaliados. Os resultados mostraram que o pais tem um potencial expressivo de bioenergia que esta favoravelmente concentrado proximo as principais localidades de manuseio de combustivel no pais. Ainda assim, as reducoes nas emissoes de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) no ciclo de vida atingiram 94% para uma das rotas selecionadas, em comparacao com o combustivel convencional. No entanto, as principais rotas de producao exigem altos investimentos de capital ou despesas com materia-prima, resultando em altos custos nivelados para os combustiveis.