Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons deduced from SCIAMACHY formaldehyde columns through 2003-2006

Abstract. Formaldehyde columns retrieved from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography/Chemistry (SCIAMACHY) instrument onboard ENVISAT satellite through 2003 to 2006 are used as top-down constraints to derive updated global biogenic and biomass burning flux estimates for the non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) precursors of formaldehyde. Our interest is centered over regions experiencing strong emissions, and hence exhibiting a high signal-to-noise ratio and lower measurement uncertainties. The formaldehyde dataset used in this study has been recently made available to the community and complements the long record of formaldehyde measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME). We use the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model driven by the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 1 or 2 for biomass burning, and from the newly developed MEGAN-ECMWF isoprene emission database. The adjoint of the model is implemented in a grid-based framework within which emission fluxes are derived at the model resolution, together with a differentiation of the sources in a grid cell. Two inversion studies are conducted using either the GFEDv1 or GFEDv2 as a priori for the pyrogenic fluxes. Although on the global scale the inferred emissions from the two categories exhibit only weak deviations from the corresponding a priori estimates, the regional updates often present large departures from their a priori values. The posterior isoprene emissions over North America, amounting to about 34 Tg C/yr, are estimated to be on average by 25% lower than the a priori over 2003–2006, whereas a strong increase (55%) is deduced over the south African continent, the optimized emission being estimated at 57 Tg C/yr. Over Indonesia the biogenic emissions appear to be overestimated by 20–30%, whereas over Indochina and the Amazon basin during the wet season the a priori inventory captures both the seasonality and the magnitude of the observed columns. Although neither biomass burning inventory seems to be consistent with the data over all regions, pyrogenic estimates inferred from the two inversions are reasonably similar, despite their a priori deviations. A number of sensitivity experiments are conducted in order to assess the impact of uncertainties related to the inversion setup and the chemical mechanism. Whereas changes in the background error covariance matrix have only a limited impact on the posterior fluxes, the use of an alternative isoprene mechanism characterized by lower HCHO yields (the GEOS-Chem mechanism) increases the posterior isoprene source estimate by 11% over northern America, and by up to 40% in tropical regions.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Analysis of Ripe and Unripe Roystonea regia Fruit Pericarp

This study investigated the potential of Roystonea regia fruit pericarp for use as food and medicine. This was done by comparatively assessing the mineral, proximate and phytochemical compositions of ripe and unripe fruit pericarps. Results of phytochemical screening of the pericarp ethanol extract showed that reducing sugar, tannin, saponin, cardiac glycoside, alkaloid, phenolic and flavonoid were present in both ripe and unripe fruit pericarps while anthocyanosides and anthraquinones were not detected in both. Results of the proximate analysis showed that the ripe pericarp contained more moisture (7.58 %), crude protein (8.07 %), ash (11.14 %), fat (9.80 %) and carbohydrate (39.86 %) while the unripe pericarp contained more dry matter (92.90 %) and crude fibre (30.56 %). However, results of the mineral analysis showed that Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ni were higher in the unripe pericarp while both pericarps had the same concentration of P (119.95± mg/100g). Co, Cd and Pb were not detected in both samples while Ni (0.73 mg/ 100g) was found only in the unripe pericarp. Relative to other minerals, K was highest in both ripe (1600.24 mg/100g) and unripe pericarp (1804.42 mg/100g). Based on the presence of pharmaceutically important phytochemicals, essential minerals and proximate values, this study concluded that both ripe and unripe R. regia pericarps have significant nutritional and medicinal potentials which could be exploited domestically and industrially.
Jasmonic acid accelerates the expression of a pathogen-specific lipoxygenase (POTLX-3) and delays foliar late blight development in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Se analizo la induccion de resistencia contra Phytophthora infestans (Phi) en plantas de papa (Solanum tuberosum) tratadas con combinaciones de acido jasmonico (JA), sistemina (SYS) y acido β-aminobutirico (BABA). Tambien se evaluaron cambios en la actividad de quitinasa (CHI) y β-1,3-glucanasa (BG) y en la expresion de POTLX-3, una lipooxigenasa patogeno-especifica. El tratamiento de BABA + SYS indujo una debil acumulacion de transcritos de POTLX-3 en plantas no infectadas, mientras que en todas las mezclas conteniendo BABA se incremento la expresion de POTLX-3 a las 48 h post-infeccion por Phi, la cual no estuvo correlacionada a un incremento de la resistencia. Por el contrario, las plantas tratadas con JA y JA + SYS mostraron un retardo en el progreso de la enfermedad, que coincidio con un incremento rapido y transitorio de la expresion de POTLX-3, observado a las 24 h post-infeccion. Estos efectos se suprimieron al aplicar JA simultaneamente con BABA evocador que, en general, aumento la susceptibilidad a Phi, a pesar de que indujo aumentos significativos en los niveles de actividad de CHI y BG. Debido a estos hallazgos, se discute el posible antagonismo entre las vias de senalizacion de JA y BABA. Ademas los resultados sugieren que la expresion temprana de POTLX-3 podria ser parte del mecanismo por el cual los tratamientos JA y JA+SYS conducen a la resistencia incrementada contra el tizon tardio
Improving Community Water Conservation Behaviour in Chachoengsao, Thailand

Originally published in the Proceedings of the EDU-COM 2006 International Conference. Engagement and Empowerment: New Opportunities forGrowth in Higher Education, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, 22-24 November 2006.This Conference Proceeding is posted at Research Online.http://ro.ecu. edu.au/ceducom/101
Climate of the Past Discussions Interactive comment on “ Mid-Holocene ocean and vegetation feedbacks over East Asia ” by Z . Tian and D .

paring them with PMIP results". Because China includes many regions with different geographical and climatological characteristics (e.g. Tibetan Plateau, monsoon regions, inland arid regions and northeast regions), averaging over China reduces and mixes signals of specific independent mechanisms in different regions. As far as China, averaging inside political border does not represent scientific information from model results (for both PMIP results and GCM results by the authors).
From Superteacher to a Super Teacher: The Career Development of Teacher Educators

Dieser Beitrag behandelt eine Studie, die sich mit der Untersuchung der Karriere von Lehramtsausbilder/innen befasste. Eingegangen sind Narrationen von elf Ausbilder/innen, die sich auf jeweils drei unterschiedliche Zeitpunkte in deren professionellem Leben bezogen. Fur die Analyse der Narrationen kam BARTHES' multidimensionale Methode fur die Auswertung literarischer Texte zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ausbilder/innen Veranderungen durchlaufen haben, die ihre Selbstwahrnehmung, die Wahrnehmung ihrer Berufsrolle und die ihrer Student/innen betrafen, und dass sie selbst auch in spaten Stadien ihrer beruflichen Karriere gegenuber Neuem aufgeschlossen waren und in Lernprozesse involviert blieben. Grunde hierfur lagen in der Arbeitsplatzumgebung der Ausbilder/innen sowie in personlichen und biografischen Besonderheiten, wobei im Falle der Biografien Veranderungen und Erfolge wesentlich waren. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803192
Modelling the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in a semiarid ecosystem with high plant–interspace heterogeneity

Abstract. We used process-based modelling to investigate the roles of carbon-flux (C-flux) components and plant–interspace heterogeneities in regulating soil CO2 exchanges (FS) in a dryland ecosystem with sparse vegetation. To simulate the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of FS, the modelling considered simultaneously the CO2 production, transport and surface exchanges (e.g. biocrust photosynthesis, respiration and photodegradation). The model was parameterized and validated with multivariate data measured during the years 2013–2014 in a semiarid shrubland ecosystem in Yanchi, northwestern China. The model simulation showed that soil rewetting could enhance CO2 dissolution and delay the emission of CO2 produced from rooting zone. In addition, an ineligible fraction of respired CO2 might be removed from soil volumes under respiration chambers by lateral water flows and root uptakes. During rewetting, the lichen-crusted soil could shift temporally from net CO2 source to sink due to the activated photosynthesis of biocrust but the restricted CO2 emissions from subsoil. The presence of plant cover could decrease the root-zone CO2 production and biocrust C sequestration but increase the temperature sensitivities of these fluxes. On the other hand, the sensitivities of root-zone emissions to water content were lower under canopy, which may be due to the advection of water flows from the interspace to canopy. To conclude, the complexity and plant–interspace heterogeneities of soil C processes should be carefully considered to extrapolate findings from chamber to ecosystem scales and to predict the ecosystem responses to climate change and extreme climatic events. Our model can serve as a useful tool to simulate the soil CO2 efflux dynamics in dryland ecosystems.
Rheological properties of chocolate pistachio.

This research aimed to assess and determine rheological properties of chocolate pistachio produced from various volumes of monoglycoside (1% and 2%), date powders (34, 38 and 42%) and pistachio pastes. The analyses were performed at temperaturesof 45 oC, 65 oC after 3 and 5 hours of processing. These products were found to exhibit nonNewtonian, pseudo-plastic behavior at all treatments. Apparent viscosities versus speed data were successfully fitted to a power law model. The flow behavior index, n, varied in the range of 0.8-0.94. The consistency index, k, was in the range 101.495-167.738 pa - s n . According to statistical analysis, the exponential model was a better model to describe the effect of the soluble solids on the viscosity of chocolate pistachio containing varying percentages of date powder. The activation energy (Ea) was 446.2-41330 j/mol.
One-dimensional modeling of morphodynamic bed evolution in a gravel-bed river subject to a cycled flood hydrograph

How does a mountain river adjust to accommodate repeated flood hydrographs? Do flood hydrographs cause major cycles of aggradation and degradation of the river bed? Here flume experiments are used to explore this problem. The response of a gravel-bed river to repeated floods is modeled in the simplest possible way. Gravel size is held uniform, the flume is operated in sediment-feed mode, and the gravel feed rate is held constant. The flow discharge, on the other hand, is specified in terms of the repetition of the same hydrograph until mobile-bed equilibrium (averaged over the hydrograph) is achieved. The results of the experiments demonstrate a remarkable tradeoff. In a short “boundary layer” inlet reach, the bed elevation and bed slope fluctuate cyclically with the changing flow discharge, while the gravel transport rate remains nearly equal to the constant feed rate. Downstream of this short reach, however, the bed elevation and bed slope do not fluctuate in response to the hydrograph; all the fluctuation is transferred to the gravel transport rate. These results are verified in terms of 1D analytical and numerical modeling. This modeling shows that the tradeoff is inevitable as long as the morphologic response time of the reach in question is sufficiently long compared to the time of a single hydrograph. The implication is that gravel-bed rivers tend to adjust to hydrographs so as to minimize the response of the bed and maximize the response of the bedload transport rate to fluctuating flow discharge. INDEX TERMS: 1821 Hydrology - Floods; 1825 Geomorphology Fluvial; 1847 Hydrology - Modeling; 1862 Hydrology - Sediment transport; KEYWORDS: bed evolution, flood hydrograph, channel hydraulics, bedload transport, 1D model.
THE DEVELOPMENT PERCEIVED OF PRODUCT COMMENTS TRUST-ABILITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA: A SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING (SIP) THEORY APPROACH (SURVEY ON FACEBOOK COMMUNITY OF TAIWANESE STUDENTS COLLEGES)

Web 2.0 based social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, et cetera, has become a popular platform for consumers to look for required information. In the current social media era, the ease of the access of the internet has promoted the utilization of WOM through social media, which is titled social WOM (sWOM hereinafter) in the current study. As a consequence, sWOM has become a prevalent tool for practitioners to take it as an effective marketing tool. However, the ease of interactive nature of social media which differs from the physical may make the effective ways of applying WOM for marketing promotion purposes in virtual environments inapplicable. In the current research, an attempt is therefore conducted to explore the predicting variables of the perceived trust-ability on social media. The two of variables related to social information processing are drawn and hypothesized to affect the perceived product comment trust-ability on social media through comment involvement as a mediator. The scales are adapted from prior literature and a back-translation technique is used to compose the questionnaire. Data are then collected in either private and national university while PLS is used to analyze the collected data. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed while future research directions are outlined as well. The current research is one of the pioneer works in the ways applying the theoretical concept in sWOM to development the perceived product comment trust-ability on social media.
MULTI-CHANNEL AUDIO INFORMATION HIDING

We consider a method of hiding many audio channels in one host signal. The purpose of this is to provide a ‘mix’ that incorporates information on all the channels used to produce it, thereby allowing all, or, at least some channels to be stored in the mix for later use. After providing an overview of some recently published audio water marking schemes in the time and transform domains, we present a method that is based on using a four least significant bits scheme to embed five MP3 files into a single 16-bit host stereo WAV file without incurring any perceptual audio distortions in the host data. The host WAV file is taken to be the final mix associated with the original data before applying ‘lose MP3’ compression or alternatively an arbitrary host audio signal into which other multichannel audio data is hidden. Further, the embedded information can be encrypted and/or the embedding locations randomized on a channel by channel basis depending on the protocol desired by the user. The method is illustrated by providing example m-code for interested readers to investigate and reproduce the results obtained to date and as a basis for further development.
Organizational Resources, Industry Velocity, Attention Focus and Firm’s Performance: A Review of Literature

The study addressed the diverse views on the role of organizational resources in firm performance in high velocity industry context. It adopted a multidisciplinary approach to examine the linkage among organizational resources, industry velocity, attention focus and firm performance. It found that resource based advantages are rather transient in highly dynamic environments hence need to constantly adapt the internal factors through firm capabilities. The influence of the external environment on resource application decisions is however partial as only a portion of the environment is actually perceived and interpreted by strategic decision makers through the selective cognitive process of attention focus. These findings have implications for a better understanding of the constructs and how they are related as contained in the proposed theoretical framework. The paper proposes that future studies be based on wider multidisciplinary approaches and the proposed theoretical framework be applied in guiding empirical research in high velocity industries.
The Impact of Stocks Index Adjustments Announcement on Earnings Management

This study considers the situation of Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Taiwan Index adjustment announcement to examine the behavior of manager earnings management during the period 1999-2010. Survey whether the changes by declaring, in turn convey the manager’s use of discretionary accruals. It is to explore whether the manager earnings management degree is high (low) when firms deleted from (added to) MSCI Taiwan index. The empirical and analytical results show that the discretionary accrual changes degree of added firms is not significantly smaller than that of deleted firms and the result implies that there seems no information effect in MSCI Taiwan index adjustment announcement.
Thermal ecology of red lionfish Pterois volitans from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, with comparisons to other Scorpaenidae

Scorpionfishes (family Scorpaenidae) occupy a wide range of thermal environments, yet little is known about the group’s thermal ecology. Recent invasions by red lionfish Pterois volitans and devil firefish P. miles into the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have stimulated interest in the ability of these species to withstand thermal extremes, but current temperature data are limited to cold tolerance estimates, or employ nonstandard techniques, making it difficult to compare values across studies. Using standardized methodologies, we quantified metabolic, physiological, and behavioral thermal responses of red lionfish from the Banda Sea, Sulawesi, Indonesia, and interpret the data in light of the group’s diversity and range of thermal habitats. Red lionfish acclimated at temperatures between 13 and 32°C exhibit a thermal scope of nearly 25°C. The resulting thermal niche is moderately large, allowing lionfish to exploit a wide range of thermal habitats, from mid-Atlantic coastal waters to hyperthermal tropical mangroves and tidepools. Although lionfish prefer temperatures of ~23°C, they acclimate to the high temperature of a cycling thermoperiod. This feature, along with their comparatively low temperature sensitivity (metabolic temperature quotient <2), likely permits lionfish to limit energetic costs during forays into warmer waters. Although lionfishes are considered to be a tropical group, they exhibit a number of thermal tolerance characteristics that allow them to persist in some surprisingly cool environments. Modeling thermal strategies used by red lionfish may provide new insights to the range and variability of thermal adaptations of scorpaenid fishes in general.
Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Using a Computer Program in Patients with Depression in Remission

The patient with depressive disorder presents a cognitive impairment which does not disappear despite the fact that the depression is considered to be in remission. This study aims to assess the impact of training in the improvement of cognitive functions of patients with remitted depression (RD). Captain’s Log Computerized Cognitive-Training Program (CLCT) was used as a cognitive trainer in a group of patients with RD and with Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) as treatment; another group with RD was treated uniquely with SSRI. The treatment intervention’s impact was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety and Depression, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), and the Integrated Program of Neuropsychological Examination-Revised Barcelona Test. CLCT was used in college students with RD, twice a week, for six months. Patients from both groups decreased depressive and anxious symptoms, however, patients who received CLCT substantially increased their intellectual performance; changes in the psychometric analysis of the Barcelona Test were consistent with the ones presented in WAIS-III. CLCT application is associated with an improvement of cognitive functions in patients with RD.
Maker‐buyer strategic alliances: an integrated framework

Purpose – Although existing partial theories contribute to scholarly understanding of strategic alliances, the lack of a comprehensive framework to explain strategic alliances is unfortunate. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated framework for maker‐buyer strategic alliance performance.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on the concept of embeddedness developed by Granovetter, this paper argues that maker‐buyer alliances are economic actions intended to pursue synergies; meanwhile, these economic actions are embedded in social contexts.Findings – This paper argues that the economic goal of firms entering alliances is to combine their complementary resources to create synergies. To achieve this goal, managers must efficiently manage the economic problems associated with such alliances, including searching for partners with complementary resources, allocating value‐added activities correctly, establishing efficient interorganizational routines, and introducing proper governance structures.
The Effect of Components of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth Evidence From Ethiopia. (1980-2010)

This study examined the effect of components of government expenditure on economic growth of Ethiopia from 1980-2010 using ordinary least square (OLS), co-integration and Error correction mechanism. The unit root and co-integration test were conducted on the variables of interest. While error correction model were estimated. The results suggest that components of government expenditure have long run effect on economic growth. In addition to this the empirical results suggest that components of government expenditure such as expenditure on health, agriculture, education and transport and communication have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. While other components such as expenditure on defense and recurrent expenditure have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. The study therefore concludes that government expenditure on education, health, agriculture and transport and communication were growth –enhancing while government expenditure on defense and the recurrent expenditure were growth-retarding during the period under investigation. In addition to this the co-integration result indicates that there is a long run relationship between the variables. Keyword: Economic growth, effect of components of government expenditure, co-integration.