Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human interleukin 10 for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND The etiology of Crohn's disease remains unknown, nevertheless, it is apparent that inflammation is associated with an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced within the intestinal mucosa. Crohn's disease represents a state of dysregulated inflammation and drugs that can augment the anti-inflammatory response have the potential to downregulate inflammation and thereby improve the disease. The efficacy of recombinant IL-10 in Crohn's disease was first demonstrated in a pilot study. Since then other trials have evaluated its efficacy but the available evidence has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and tolerability of recombinant human interleukin 10 (IL-10) for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. SEARCH STRATEGY A computer assisted search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane IBD/FBD Review Group Specialized Trials Register and the on-line databases MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to identify relevant publications up to September 2010. Reference lists were searched and the pharmaceutical industry and experts were contacted to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials comparing recombinant human interleukin 10 to a placebo or control therapy for the treatment of patients with active Crohn's disease were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All publications identified by the search strategy were assessed independently by two authors, and relevant studies selected according to the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias of each included study was assessed independently by two authors. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan 5). A random effects model was used for pooling of data. All data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the chi-square test and the I(2) statistic. MAIN RESULTS The risk of bias in the included studies was low. The overall quality of the evidence based on the GRADE approach was moderate. No statistically significant differences were found between interleukin 10 and placebo for complete remission (CDAI < 150 with a 100 point decrease in CDAI from baseline; RR=1.43; 95% CI 0.62 to 3.29; I(2)=40%) or clinical remission (CDAI < 150; RR=1.29; 95% CI 0.79 to 2.11; I(2)= 0%). Patients treated with interleukin 10 were significantly more likely to withdraw from the studies due to adverse events (RR=13.50; 95% CI 3.89 to 46.79; I(2)=0%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interleukin 10 does not appear to provide any benefit for the treatment of active Crohn's disease. This systematic review shows that interleukin 10 does not increase the number of remissions (complete or clinical), but increases the rate of withdrawal due to adverse events relative to placebo. The quality of the evidence regarding the efficacy of IL-10 is moderate and although further research may have an impact on point estimates of efficacy further randomized trials are unlikely to be undertaken.
KEPATUHAN DIIT PASIEN HIPERTENSI

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang munculnya tidak disadari. Faktorpenyebab hipertensi dapat terjadi karena keturunan, umur, pola makan yang salah,aktifi tas yang kurang, gaya hidup dan pikiran atau stres. Kepatuhan diit adalah suatuaturan perilaku yang disarankan oleh perawat, dokter atau tenaga kesehatan. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhandiit pasien hipertensi (studi pada pasien rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Islam SultanAgung Semarang). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian explanation research denganpendekatan secara cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien diithipertensi rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Sampel berjumlah24 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji ChiSquare dengan nilai signifi kansi alpha 5% (= 0,05) dengan uji fi sher sebagai alternatifnya.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan, tingkatpengetahuan, peran keluarga, peran petugas kesehatan dengan kepatuhan diit pasienhipertensi dan tidak ada hubungan antara umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dengankepatuhan diit pasien. Hypertension is a degenerative disease emergence is not realized. Factors causinghypertension may occur because of heredity, age, wrong diet, less activity, lifestyle, andmind or stress. Dietary obidience is a conduct that suggested by the nurse, doctors orhealth workers. Th e objective of this research were to know the factors correlated to dietaryobedience of hypertension patients. Th is research was explanatory research with crosssectional approach. Population in this research was diit hypertensive patients. Sample was24 patients. Th e data were analyzed univariantly and bivariantly using Chi-Square orfi sher as an alternative test. Th e conclusion of this research is that there was a signifi cantcorrelations between the level of education, the level of knowledge, the role of the family,the role of health workers with dietary obedience of hypertension patients and there wasn’tcorrelation between age, gender, occupation with dietary obedience of hypertension patients.
Measurement of physical activity and its impact on inflammatory markers linked to cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis

III DECLARATION IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V LIST OF TABLES XIII LIST OF FIGURES XIV CHAPTER 1 THESIS OUTLINE 1 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THESIS 2 1.2 THESIS AIM 2 1.3 THESIS OBJECTIVES 2 1.4 THESIS SUMMARY 3 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 5 2.1 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 6 2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RA 6 2.3 RHEUMATOID CACHEXIA 7 2.4 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 8 2.4. 1 What is Physical Activity? 8 2.4. 2 Benefits of Physical Activity 9 2.4. 3 Barriers to Physical Activity in RA 10 2.5 MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 10 2.5. 1 Step Count 11 2.5. 2 Energy Expenditure 11 2.5. 3 Energy Expenditure in RA 13 2.5. 4 Calculation of REE, TEF and PAEE 14 2.5. 5 Number of days 14 2.5. 6 Seasonality and Weather conditions 15 2.6 MEASUREMENT TOOLS 16 2.6. 1 Subjective Measures 16 2.6. 2 Objective Measures 17 2.6. 2.1 Direct observation 17 2.6. 2.2 Pedometers 18 2.6. 2.3 Accelerometers 18 2.6. 2.4 Doubly labelled water 19 2.6. 2.5 Calorimetry 20 2.6. 2.6 Multi-location accelerometers 20 2.6. 2.7 Multi-sensor devices 20 2.6. 2.7. 1 SWA 20 2.7 CONCLUSION 21 SECTION 1: 23 CHAPTER 3 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 25
Lack of Evidence for Natural Wolbachia Infections in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Wolbachia is a genus of endosymbiotic bacteria that infects 66% of all insect species. Its major impact on insects is in reproduction: sterility, production of one sex, and/or parthenogenesis. Another effect was discovered when the disease-transmitting mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae), was infected with Wolbachia isolated from Drosophila: infected female mosquitoes became less capable of transmitting diseases such as dengue fever and chikungunya. This has led to releases of Ae. aegypti carrying Wolbachia in an attempt to control disease. An open question is whether there are natural Wolbachia infections of this mosquito. We assayed DNA from 2,663 Ae. aegypti from 27 countries on six continents, 230 from laboratory strains, and 72 Aedes mascarensis MacGregor (Diptera: Culicidae) for presence of Wolbachia DNA. Within the limits of our polymerase chain reaction–based assay, we found no evidence of Wolbachia, suggesting that natural infections of this endosymbiont are unlikely to occur throughout the worldwide distribution of Ae. aegypti.
Detection of Major Depressive Disorder in Chinese Americans in Primary Care

Objective: To assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder in Chinese Americans in the greater Boston area. Patients and Methods: Chinese American participants were recruited through 10 primary care clinics in greater Boston. Depression was determined by assessment on 2 screening instruments, the Mental Health Index-5 and Primary Care Screener for Affective Disorders for the first-stage survey and by Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition for the second-stage interview. Results: The prevalence of major depressive disorder among Chinese Americans attending primary care clinics (one-year prevalence of about 10%) appeared similar to the prevalence reported in other ethnic groups. The brief survey (Mental Health Index-5) performed as well as the lengthier one (Primary Care Screener for Affective Disorders). Few Chinese Americans with identified major depressive disorder had received antidepressant treatment from their primary care physician. Conclusion: Cultural beliefs about mental health appeared as barriers to both detection and treatment in this study.
Registered Nurses' Perceptions about Facilitators and Barriers to Maternal Skin to Skin Contact in the Operating Room

It is recommended that all new mothers experience skin-to-skin contact (SSC) with their newborns immediately after birth. However, SSC is not commonly practiced after cesarean deliveries. To understand facilitators and barriers regarding SSC in the operating room (OR), a descriptive online and paper survey was conducted with 68 Registered Nurses from four hospitals in Ontario. The theory of planned behavior framed the study. Nurses had positive attitudes, and believed most health care team members supported SSC in the OR, but were uncertain about their control over the behavior. Nurses who had practiced the behavior in the past had more positive attitudinal and normative beliefs, and perceived some barriers as less difficult. Attitude and past behavior were the only significant multivariate predictors of intention to practice SSC in the future. Results suggest that shifting attitude and supporting more experience with the practice may increase nurses’ implementation of SSC in the OR.
Inferior turbinate surgery for nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis after failed medical treatment.

BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a highly prevalent disease that results from an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction of the nasal mucosa to inhaled allergens. It is primarily treated by allergen avoidance and medical treatment, but when these measures fail to control symptoms then surgery to the inferior turbinates of nose is often performed. It is unclear whether these procedures are beneficial in the long term or indeed whether the risks outweigh the benefits. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of inferior turbinate surgery on unrelieved or partially relieved nasal obstruction in patients after maximal medical treatment of proven allergic rhinitis, to compare the results using different surgical techniques and to measure short and long-term results. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the following databases from their inception for published, unpublished and ongoing trials: the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 2); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; LILACS; KoreaMed; IndMed; PakMediNet; CAB Abstracts; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; CNKI; mRCT (Current Controlled Trials); ClinicalTrials.gov; ISRCTN; ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform); Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; Google and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. We modelled subject strategies for databases on the search strategy designed for CENTRAL. The date of the most recent search was 6 July 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of inferior turbinate surgery versus continued medical treatment for proven allergic rhinitis, or comparisons between one technique of inferior turbinate surgery versus another technique, after maximal medical treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both authors independently screened the search results and assessed the full text of potentially relevant studies. We attempted to contact trial authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS There were no studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the need for randomised controlled trials to evaluate the role of inferior turbinate surgery for nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis after failed medical treatment. Future trials needs to be rigorous in design and delivery, separate adults from paediatric patients, not combine allergic with non-allergic patients and last long enough to determine long-term results and complications.
Burnt wife syndrome.

While the system of offering dowry to the groom by the parents of the bride at the time of the marriage is an age old one amongst the Hindus of India; during the recent past this evil custom has resulted in a large number of newly wed young housewives being either killed or tortured to end their own lives by their husbands and in-laws, for the unfulfilled demands or desire for dowry from the parents or guardians of the bride. Indeed in India today, torture of the young housewives by their husbands and in-laws for failure to bring insufficient dowry has become the order of the day all over the country. Some of them are burnt to death and others choose to die by fire; while still others are put to death by some means other than fire and disposed of by burning in order to hide the heinous offence. Hardly a day passes in the life of a forensic pathologist working in one of the states of Northern India, when he is not called upon to do an autopsy on the dead body of a burnt housewife who almost invariably is a married Hindu woman in the prime of her youth, between 15-30 years of age. Language: en
The Genesis and Growth of Tumors. III. Effects of a High-Fat Diet

Watson and Mellanby (IO) have found that feeding mice a diet containing 12. 5 to 25 per cent butter fat causes a definite increase in the incidence of skin tumors produced by tarring. The results of Baumann and his associates (1, 2, 5, 6) are in the same direction. In numerous experiments they have shown that skin tumors of the mouse, induced either by ultraviolet light or carcinogenic hydrocarbons, are formed in greater numbers and at an earlier time in mice receiving a high-fat diet than in control mice consuming the basal rations. In contrast to these results, the same investigators have found that the production of sarcomas by carcinogenic hydrocarbons is not significantly altered by a high-fat diet. This communication is a report of the effects of dietary fat on both the genesis and growth of tumors. The tumors utilized were the spontaneous breast tumor, induced skin tumor, induced sarcoma, and primary lung tumor of the mouse. The investigations demonstrate that increasing the fat content of a basic ration exerts diverse effects on the formation of different types of tumors; these effects range from a striking augmentation of the formation of spontaneous breast tumors to a possible inhibition of the formation of sarcomas induced by a carcinogenic hydrocarbon. An attempt has also been made to clarify the mechanism by which fat affects the genesis of tumors.
Vitamin D levels in adults in Northern Pakistan

Objective To determine the magnitude of vitamin D deficiency in adults in the outpatient setting. Methods This observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from 2007 to 2009. A total of 168 adult patients who were seen in outpatient clinic had Vitamins D levels measured. Patients with underlying illnesses such as chronic renal failure, known osteomalacia and rickets were excluded from the study. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OH Vitamin D levels less than 20ng/ml. Those with Vitamin D levels in the range of 21-29 were categorized as having with Vitamin D insufficiency and levels 30 ng/ml or more were determined to have adequate levels. Vitamin D intoxication was defined as levels greater than 150 ng/ml. Results The mean age was 49.4±13.4 years, with female to male ratio of 4:1. Of 168 patients, 89.3% had low Vitamin D levels: 73.2% had vitamin D deficiency and 16.1% were found to have Vitamin D insufficiency. Only 10.7% had adequate levels. Mean serum 25-OH Vitamin D levels were 17.85 ng/dl (range 3.00-81.65). 73.2 % of these patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion Marked subclinical vitamin D deficiency was seen in our patients. Serum 25-OH Vitamin D level is the most reliable test to evaluate Vitamin D deficiency. (Rawal Med J 2012;37:2-5).
Denver MSM Sociostructural Factors: Preliminary Findings of Perceived HIV Risk

This qualitative rapid ethnographic study identifies, describes and classifies the impact of sociostructural domains and their factors on men who have sex with men (MSM) HIV transmission risk. Included are the perceptions of HIV risk by four MSM subgroups: HIV positive, Latino, black, and young (aged 18 to 24). Results classify participant-perceived MSM transmission factors into sociostructural domains (e.g., social, health, economic, political, and mental health). Included in the article is a discussion of domain factors perceived as suitable for systemic intervention including addressing social stigma and discrimination, promoting MSM health and sexual health, and preventing and treating substance use. A review of study limitations and recommendations for future research conclude this article.
Human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinomas: correlation with histologic variables and survival outcome in a high risk population

Aim: Cancer of the oral cavity is extremely prevalent in Pakistan. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and may even improve overall and disease-freesurvival.Thepurposeofthisstudywastodetermineprevalence and types of HPV in a high risk population and its correlation with overall anddisease-freesurvival,chewinghabitsandhistologicvariables. Material and methods: A total of 140 patients of OSCC, having a long-term follow-up, were included in this study. HPV-general and type-specific 16 and18infectionwereinvestigatedbymeansofpolymerasechainreaction. Results: Out of 140 patients, HPV was detected in 95 (68%) patients, out of whom, 85 (90%) contained HPV16. HPV positive patients had comparatively prolonged overall survival when compared with HPV-negative patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.97). HPV presence was also not found to correlate significantly with disease-free survival (P = 0.58). The male were significantly correlated [odds ratio (OR) = 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13‐4.84] with the HPV infection. Betel quid chewer were comparatively more prone to HPV positivity(OR = 2;95%CI = 1.1‐4.31). Conclusion: Our study found a high prevalence of HPV16 in OSCC of Pakistani patients with male sex showing significant correlation with HPV infection. However, we did not find a statistically significant favourable association between HPV, survival and histologic variables. Borderline significance of HPV positivity was also seen with betel quid chewing (P = 0.049).
Evaluation of oral hygiene practices and awareness among dental students in Namakkal district.

Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate oral hygiene practices and awareness among dental students from three dental colleges in Namakkal district. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among dental students from three dental colleges in Namakkal district. The oral hygiene knowledge among the study group was assessed through a questionnaire, with 16 questions. Results: A total of 471 students took part in the study. 85% students used a combination of vertical and horizontal type of brushing. The use of mouthwash was only 41%. About 66% students visited a dentist only in case of oral or dental problems. 12% had bleeding on brushing, 5% had bad breath. Conclusion: Dental students themselves fall short of their expectation. Dental students need to follow proper oral hygiene practices properly in order to educate the general public.
Professional burnout in child protection workers

Professional Burnout in Child Protection Workers Staff burnout is a significant problem for many social service agencies. The current research comprised three studies, which investigated the relationship between personal resources and the perceived external working environment for child protection workers, and then devised and evaluated an intervention to reduce burnout. A n interactive model of personality characteristics and physical work environment variables was proposed. The first study examined the prevalence of burnout in a sample of 122 District Officers from the N S W Department of Community Services. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Coping Resources Inventory and a modified form of the Work Environment Scale. Results indicated that the sample was highly Emotionally Exhausted, with moderate levels of Depersonalisation and Personal Accomplishment A combination of personal resources and work environment factors were found to be significant predictors of burnout. The second study entailed devising and evaluating a burnout prevention workshop based on the seven predictive variables. Results indicated that there was no significant difference within or between the treatment («=14) or control («=19) groups either before or following the intervention. Study three qualitatively analysed a discussion of these results by a focus group (n=8) w h o had been participants in the intervention. Thematic analysis indicated that i) following the validation of their feelings during the workshop, they believed that they had rated their levels of burnout more accurately and higher following the workshop than they had prior to the workshop, and ii) participants felt that the workshop had been instrumental in promoting positive change that was not detected by the statistical analyses. Further themes and recommendations to assist in burnout prevention for child protection workers were also identified.
Complementary Medicine Products Used in Autism - Evidence for Rationale

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing in children with chronic illness or disability (MamtaniC Ernst 2005; HymanL SinhaE Christon et al. 2010; Green et al. 2006; Senel 2010). High CAM usage in autism has been attributed to the availability of few conventional pharmacological treatments that have a limited evidence base and are often associated with significant adverse effects. Recent well-designed studies using whole-genome scanning methods, cytogenetics and genetic linkage/association analyses indicate genetic factors play a key role in the aetiology of autism (Eapen, 2011). Environmental and epigenetic factors have also been shown to impact on susceptibility to autism (Persico&Bourgeron 2006). Evidence is building that autism represents a cluster of syndromes that have distinct aetiologies involving inflammation, increased oxidative stress, impaired gastrointestinal (GI) health, mitochondrial dysfunction, autoimmune processes, and impaired ability to neutralise toxins (London 2007). There is a belief that CAM products may ameliorate biological abnormalities that are reported to occur in autism. Reasons cited by parents for using CAM products for their children with autism include general health maintenance as well as specific symptoms such as moodiness, aggression, irritability, hyperactivity, inattention, GI symptoms, and sleep difficulties (Wong&Smith 2006). Another reason commonly cited by caregivers for implementing CAM products is that sensory processing difficulties and aberrant behaviour that can occur in children with autism may lead to poor feeding patterns and the possibility of nutritional deficiencies (Geraghty et al. 2010). A study by Golnik and Ireland (2009) surveyed 539 medical practitioners (19% response rate using email and regular post) regarding CAM use in children with autism. The study