Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Families Remaining on Welfare. Working Paper. Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study.

Support of the following organizations is gratefully acknowledged. Government agencies: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Administration on Developmental Disabilities, Administration for Children and Families, Social Security Administration, and National Institute of Mental Health. Foundations: The Boston Foundation, The Annie E. Casey Foundation, The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, The Lloyd A. Fry Foundation, Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The Joyce Foundation, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation,W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Kronkosky Charitable Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and Woods Fund of Chicago.
Deposited in DRO : 08 May 2018 Version of attached le : Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached

Knowledge of the Earth’s atmospheric optical turbulence is critical for astronomical instrumentation. Not only does it enable performance verification and optimisation of existing systems but it is required for the design of future instruments. As a minimum this includes integrated astro-atmospheric parameters such as seeing, coherence time and isoplanatic angle, but for more sophisticated systems such as wide field adaptive optics enabled instrumentation the vertical structure of the turbulence is also required. Stereo-SCIDAR is a technique specifically designed to characterise the Earth’s atmospheric turbulence with high altitude resolution and high sensitivity. Together with ESO, Durham University has commissioned a Stereo-SCIDAR instrument at Cerro Paranal, Chile, the site of the Very Large Telescope (VLT), and only 20 km from the site of the future Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). Here we provide results from the first 18 months of operation at ESO Paranal including instrument comparisons and atmospheric statistics. Based on a sample of 83 nights spread over 22 months covering all seasons, we find the median seeing to be 0.64′′ with 50% of the turbulence confined to an altitude below 2 km and 40% below 600 m. The median coherence time and isoplanatic angle are found as 4.18 ms and 1.75′′ respectively. A substantial campaign of inter-instrument comparison was also undertaken to assure the validity of the data. The Stereo-SCIDAR profiles (optical turbulence strength and velocity as a function of altitude) have been compared with the Surface-Layer SLODAR, MASS-DIMM and the ECMWF weather forecast model. The correlation coefficients are between 0.61 (isoplanatic angle) and 0.84 (seeing).
DARK MATTER CONTRACTION AND THE STELLAR CONTENT OF MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: DISFAVORING “LIGHT” INITIAL MASS FUNCTIONS

We use stellar dynamics, strong lensing, stellar population synthesis models, and weak lensing shear measurements to constrain the dark matter (DM) profile and stellar mass in a sample of 53 massive early-type galaxies. We explore three DM halo models (unperturbed Navarro, Frenk, and White (NFW) halos and the adiabatic contraction models of Blumenthal and Gnedin) and impose a model for the relationship between the stellar and virial mass (i.e., a relationship for the star formation efficiency as a function of halo mass). We show that, given our model assumptions, the data clearly prefer a Salpeter-like initial mass function (IMF) over a lighter IMF (e.g., Chabrier or Kroupa), irrespective of the choice of DM halo. In addition, we find that the data prefer at most a moderate amount of adiabatic contraction (Blumenthal adiabatic contraction is strongly disfavored) and are only consistent with no adiabatic contraction (i.e., an NFW halo) if a mass-dependent IMF is assumed, in the sense of a more massive normalization of the IMF for more massive halos.
Effects of Sodium Humate on Cadmium Content and Physiological Indexes of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica chinensis l )

With Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L) as the test material in pot experiments, the effects of sodium humate on Chinese cabbage biomass, cadmium uptake and accumulation as well as the soil available cadmium content were studied, to provide a reference for sodium humate anti-heavy metal stress research. The results showed that when a suitable amount of sodium humate was fertilized, even Cd polluted soil could promote Chinese cabbage root system growth and the fresh weight increased, as well as the stems and leaves biomass. In addition, as the soil available Cd content decreased, the absorption and accumulation in the stems and leaves was reduced. The optimum fertilization amount was 1.00 g/kg soil. Correlation analysis indicated that sodium humate was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated to soil available Cd. Therefore, sodium humate was the main factor that affected the soil available Cd content.
Exploring organisational diversity climate with associated antecedents and employee outcomes

Orientation: Organisations are consistently changing and diversifying; therefore, researchers and practitioners are viewing diversity as an essential part of organisational behaviour literature and practice.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate a simple mediation model, with the diversity climate as the proposed mediator, transformational leadership as the model antecedent and organisational commitment as the outcome.Motivation for the study: The South African diversity climate research is limited, including mediation investigations. Increased organisational diversification requires constant and relevant information with regard to diversity management.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design collected 230 responses from a convenience sample. Transformational leadership was considered through six key behaviours associated with transformational leadership. Organisational commitment was considered as per the Psycones questionnaire and the organisational diversity climate was determined using a single-dimension diversity climate instrument. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and a simple mediation model.Main findings: Correlation results revealed that both transformational leadership and a diversity climate demonstrated practical effects with organisational commitment. Results from a standardised regression coefficient confirmed that transformational leadership predicts the diversity climate significantly. Both transformational leadership and diversity climate predicted commitment. The simple mediation model revealed that the diversity climate can be considered a mediator in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee commitment.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations would benefit from leadership assessments for current and future employees, especially organisations that would like to prioritise a constructive diversity climate and employee commitment.Contribution/value-add: Contributions are made towards limited diversity climate investigations by providing empirical evidence of the mediating role of a diversity climate.
Assessment as a Mediating Artefact for Students in Transition from College to University.

This paper presents research findings from a longitudinal study of students making the transition from colleges to a Scottish university. Data from interviews with staff and students suggest that although students are offered pre-entry transition support while they study at college, they face challenges, particularly in relation to assessment, when arriving at university. Findings indicate that lecturers who take time to make their requirements explicit and create opportunities for students to understand what is valued by the university provide the key to successful transition. Dialogue about the discipline and learning and teaching approaches benefits all students, and not just those coming from college.
Influence Of Reference Group And Self Control On Saving Behavior

Economic growth enhancement in Indonesia is ascertained by observing the extent of access to the products and services of financial institutions (financial inclusion). One of the economic growth indicators is the saving ratio. Saving ratio plays an important role by being the significant determinant in the investment function. Financial Services Authority (FSA) said that the saving ratio in Indonesia is still low compared to other Asian nations such as Singapore and China. Based on data from IMF, Indonesia’s Gross National Saving per GDP is 30,87%. Meanwhile, for comparison, figures of Singapore and China stand at 46,73% and 48,87%. As with other developing countries, young adults dominate the population in Indonesia. University students as young adults matter to advance economic growth. Many researchers have focused on studying the determinants of saving behavior among households and employees rather than students. This study aims to investigate whether the reference group and self-control can affect the saving behavior of students in Indonesia with a sample of 167 students at Indonesian universities in the western, central and eastern regions. Data are processed with SPSS software version 22.0. The result shows that reference group and self-control separately and simultaneously have a significant impact on saving behavior.
The Effect of Organizational Reputation on E-loyalty: The Roles of E-trust and E-satisfaction

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to examine how effect of Organizational Reputation on E-loyalty with the Roles of E-trust and E-satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach- A quantitative approach was undertaken to analyze. The study used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) operated by LISREL program to analyze the hypothesis. This paper tests the model by using data from 450 customers of Digikala firm in Iran. Findings- Results indicated that organizational reputation affects e-satisfaction significantly and the impact of organizational reputation on e-trust is significant in the selected population. Originality/value- This study emphasized on the impact of corporate reputation on increasing customer satisfaction, customer trust, and customer loyalty in the electronic commerce company. Hence, this paper investigates the interrelationships between reputation, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty as a unique context.
Foreign directors, indigenous directors and dividend payout structure in Nigerian deposit money banks

This paper aims to examine the influence foreign and indigenous directors have on determining firms’ dividend payout structure. The population for this study is the fifteen deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Using a random sampling technique, a sample of 14 deposit money banks for the 2010 to 2017 period was taken. The total observations used for the work was 112. The study adopted a panel data methodology, which was estimated with a random-effect model. It was observed that a significant relationship exists between foreign directors and the dependent variable (dividend payout structure). The dividend payout structure by dividend per share of sampled firms was measured. This study will improve analysts and investors’ understanding of dividend policy by giving them insights in identifying the main determinants of dividend policy. For policy makers, this study reinforces the fact that good corporate governance is important to develop financial markets and improve the firm value.
Agency Theory, Potential for Operational Engineering and Buyout Activity

(Under the direction of Professor Richard Bettis) This corporate governance study investigates the relationships among agency theory, potential for operational engineering and firm underperformance. The empirical setting is a set of PE (private equity) buyouts in the US from 1998 to 2007, building on earlier research on LBOs (leveraged buyouts). I employ direct measures of agency costs to test Jensen's (1986) free cash flows proposition as well as a new proposition by Kaplan (2007), according to whom potential for operational engineering is a predictor of buyout activity in addition to agency conditions. I control for competing risks with a Cox proportional hazards model. My evidence fails to lend strong support for either proposition as an antecedent of buyout activity (direct effects). Finally, I find that, in the context of high asset inefficiencies (high potential for operational engineering) and high board independence, the probability of buyout activity is decreased. (France). Finally, I am indebted to buyout market participants for sharing their experiences with me. They are Alex Nieberding (CVC Partners), Dennis Schaecher (BOS LLC) and Clay Hamner (Montrose Capital Corporation) on the buy side, as well as Mike Bowers (CoMark) and an anonymous contributor on the sell side.
5. The use and perceived managerial merit of
customer profitability models in Norway

The purpose of this paper is to study the extent of use, the level of perceived managerial merit and the relationships between use and perceived managerial merit of CPA-models. A literature review identifies five CPA-models: profitability models ØYVIND HELGESEN, HELGE MYKKELTVEIT SANDANGER AND JOAKIM SANDBEKK | MODELLER. FJORDANTOLOGIEN 2019 114 of individual customers, customer segment models, customer lifetime models, customer valuation models, and models of customers as investments. In addition, CPA at an overall level (holistic notion) is analysed. At this level, perceived potential managerial merit is included in addition to use and perceived managerial merit. The context is large Norwegian companies. A total of 437 companies were invited to answer a questionnaire, of which 171 participated – a response rate of about 39%. There seems to be interaction effects between use and perceived merit, the higher the use, the higher the perceived merit and vice versa. Regarding all the five CAP-models, positive relationships are found between use and perceived merit, however, the strengths of the relationships are highest for customer segment models and profitability models of individual customers. However, the findings indicate that profitability models of individual customers have the strongest relationship with perceived managerial merit and perceived potential merit at the overall level. Another result indicates that managers have problems distinguishing between the following CPA-models: customer lifetime models, customer valuation models and customers as investment models. The paper discusses the findings, addresses managerial implications, makes suggestions for further research and offers a conclu-
A qualitative exploratory study on museum educators’ perspective on children’s guided museum visits

ABSTRACT Personal, social, and physical factors, as well as educational strategies, can influence the experience of children visiting museums. Literature indicates that the role played by museum educators is one of the variables that determine a visit's success. To better understand the museum educator's perception on facilitating and problematic factors that influence a child's visit experience, we have conducted an exploratory survey via in-depth interviews of nine museum educators. The results of this qualitative research are presented here and also discussed with reference to international studies.
Cloud Computing and Firm Growth

Cloud computing has shifted how firms access IT away from investment in fixed capital to pay-on-demand services that facilitate remote and simultaneous use. Using firm-level data we examine the impact of cloud adoption on firm performance and organizational geography with an IV approach that exploits cross-section and time-series variation in fiber broadband speeds as instruments. Cloud leads younger firms to increase revenue, employment, and productivity, whereas incumbent firms experience no scale effects and weaker productivity gains. Incumbents however undergo restructuring through establishment deaths and fewer births, while both types of firms experience geographic reorganization shifting farther from the headquarters.
Factors influencing physical activity participation among older people with low activity levels

Abstract Despite the well-documented health benefits of physical activity in older adults, participation levels remain low. With rapid global population ageing, intensive efforts are needed to encourage higher levels of participation to ameliorate the negative effects of physical inactivity for older individuals and society as a whole. The aim of this qualitative study was to inform future physical activity promotion interventions by examining factors contributing to low activity levels among older people undertaking less than half the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 102 (65% female) community-dwelling Western Australians aged 60+ years (mean = 71.52, standard deviation = 6.26) who engaged in ⩽75 minutes of MVPA per week as measured by accelerometers. Several modifiable and unmodifiable barriers were identified, of which poor health featured most prominently. Lifetime physical inactivity, caring duties, low motivation, misperceptions of physical activity and ageing, and a lack of affordable and attractive options were the other barriers identified. The results suggest that strategies are needed to raise awareness of current physical activity guidelines, normalise engagement in MVPA throughout the lifespan, develop initiatives to motivate participation, improve the availability of affordable physical activity programmes that are attractive to this population segment, and facilitate participation among those with intensive caring responsibilities.
What Makes an ICO Successful? An Investigation of the Role of ICO Characteristics, Team Quality and Market Sentiment

This research paper explores the contributing factors behind the success of 146 ICOs from June 2017 to November 2017 by analysing the role of ICO characteristics, team quality and market sentiment behind each ICO on the short-term return on investment, first-day return and the total amount raised in the ICO. The results indicate, among other factors, that the initial price of the token in the ICO is negatively correlated to the four-month ROI and first-day returns, the use of the Ethereum platform in an ICO is negatively correlated to first-day returns and the greater the number of years of leadership experience the CEO has as well as the size of the team is positively correlated to the amount raised in the ICO. This research is the first of its kind to incorporate news article features, Google search statistics as well as specific management team criteria for a sample of ICOs and will contribute to the further development of ICO due diligence processes and serve as a guide to investors and ICO team members interested in identifying the positive signals behind successful ICOs.
Cost of debt and corporate information transparency under economic depression: the case of Greek family-controlled firms

Research Question: This study investigates whether corporate information opacity affects the association between family ownership and cost of capital. Motivation: Firms’ ownership structure has been identified as a major factor that affects their cost of capital. Idea: Corporate transparency affects the impact of ownership structure upon firms’ cost of capital, especially in the case of family-controlled firms Data: We examine a sample of companies listed in the Athens Stock Market for the period of 2009-2016. Tools: We compose a Corporate Opacity Index for each sample firm by adopting the Anderson et al. (2009) approach. Additionally, accounting factors such as firms’ size, leverage, profitability and corporate governance characteristics that may affect the above-mentioned association are examined as well. Sensitivity tests have been conducted to check the robustness of the results. Findings: Family ownership and corporate opacity are only marginally related with firms’ cost of capital. Firms’ size, liquidity and their leverage appear to be inversely associated with their cost of debt capital. Contributions: The findings of this study provide insights regarding the impact that corporate transparency has upon cost of debt capital, allowing financial institutions, regulators and market participants to design improved debt contracts under economic depression. Our study sheds light to the impact of information opacity on the association between family ownership and cost of capital within the business environment of Greece that possesses certain structural characteristics in the context of economic crisis.
The influence of ubiquitous computing on teacher-student relationships

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of independent school teachers’ perceptions of how a one-to-one computing program influenced various dimensions of the teacher-student relationship and the roles of teachers and students within that relationship. In particular, it examined the impact of ubiquitous computing on the pedagogical role of the teacher and the balance of power and control within the teacher-student relationship. It also investigated how the use of laptops influenced communication patterns between teachers and students and affected the closeness of their relationships. This qualitative study employed a single-site, descriptive case study design. Interviews were conducted with 15 teachers with varying ICT experience across a range of subjects in a suburban, K-12 independent school. The school provided all students in grades 5 – 12 with a personal laptop computer and networked wireless access to the Internet. A variety of theoretical perspectives drawn from the literature on relationship variables and learning theories shaped the context for analysis. Three major findings emerged from the data analysis. Teachers perceived that: 1) the integration of technology altered their pedagogical roles and relationships with respect to the focus and approach of instruction, the subsequent motivation and engagement of students, and the overall classroom dynamics, 2) open access to knowledge enabled by ubiquitous computing served as a catalyst in shifting the balance of power within the teacher-student relationship, 3) online communication helped them to build and maintain closer bonds and stronger relationships with students. Overall, teachers perceived that the use of technology in this setting enhanced teacher-student relationships. This is