Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of the food addiction construct in obese patients with binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the psychometric properties of the Yale food addiction scale (YFAS) in obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and explored its association with measures of eating disorder and associated psychopathology. METHOD Eighty-one obese treatment-seeking BED patients were given the YFAS, structured interviews to assess psychiatric disorders and eating disorder psychopathology, and other pathology measures. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution with an excellent fit. Classification of "food addiction" was met by 57% of BED patients. Patients classified as meeting YFAS "food addiction" criteria had significantly higher levels of depression, negative affect, emotion dysregulation, eating disorder psychopathology, and lower self-esteem. YFAS scores were also significant predictors of binge eating frequency above and beyond other measures. DISCUSSION The subset of BED patients classified as having YFAS "food addiction" appear to represent a more disturbed variant characterized by greater eating disorder psychopathology and associated pathology.
Headteacher characteristics, management style and attitudes towards the acceptance of commercial sponsorship by state‐funded schools

Headteachers in Greater London’s 401 state‐funded secondary schools were sent a questionnaire designed to relate their personal characteristics to, inter alia, their attitudes towards educational sponsorship, the levels of their schools’ marketing orientation, the demand for commercial sponsorship of school activities, and whether their schools possessed formal policies in connection with external sponsorship. In line with earlier research in the educational management area, the major personal characteristics examined (in addition to age, length of service, etc.) related to the individual headteacher’s management style; specifically whether he or she was particularly autocratic, consultative, democratic or innovative. Responses to the questionnaire were factor analysed and tested for construct reliability. A stepwise regression procedure was then applied to assess the influences of various sets of variables on attitudes and behaviour. The results indicated that within Greater London the commercial sponsorship of schools is widespread and expanding. Extreme democrats were less likely to desire large amounts of additional sponsorship for their schools than were autocrats. Schools located in prosperous areas were far more proactive in their approaches to sponsorship and employed headteachers with more positive attitudes towards marketing and sponsorship than schools in poorer neighbourhoods.
Persistent psychosocial problems in children who develop posterior fossa syndrome after medulloblastoma resection

Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) occurs in approximately 20% of patients after resection of a tumor from the posterior fossa. Few descriptions of persistent psychosocial consequences exist. We assessed whether the development of PFS is associated with increased risk for emotional, behavioral, and social problems after the cessation of cancer treatment.
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Is Elevated in Women with Preeclampsia

A leading theory of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is that oxidative stress induces vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) form when aldose sugars react nonenzymatically with proteins under conditions of oxidative stress. AGEs are circulating molecules and can generate reactive oxygen species and vascular dysfunction (in diabetes and atherosclerosis) through an association with cell surface receptors (RAGE). RAGE is a multiligand receptor, expressed in vascular tissue, which is upregulated by its own ligands. Insulin resistance and obesity are risk factors for developing preeclampsia, as well as being conditions that would increase RAGE levels. Thus, we hypothesized that women with preeclampsia will have elevated levels of RAGE protein compared with normal pregnant women. Biopsies of nonlaboring myometrium as well as omentum were taken from normal pregnant and preeclamptic women. Nonpregnant samples were obtained at the time of hysterectomy. Tissue sections were immunostained with anti‐RAGE as well as anti‐α‐actin and anti‐von Willebrand factor (to identify blood vessels and intact endothelial cells). Staining intensity was qualitatively described as well as given an intensity score, with the identity of the section concealed. Nonpregnant myometrial and omental vessels showed very low to undetectable levels of RAGE staining. Pregnancy induced a significant increase in RAGE protein levels in both myometrium and omental vasculature. Blood vessels from women with preeclampsia consistently had intense staining for RAGE in both vessel beds. Thus, our data suggest that since RAGE activation can induce similar pathophysiologic changes to those observed in women with preeclampsia (including NFκB activation, increased TNFα and endothelin), elevated RAGE protein may be contributing to the vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia.
Impact of the Cyclooxygenase System on Doxorubicin-Induced Functional Multidrug Resistance 1 Overexpression and Doxorubicin Sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemic HL-60 Cells

Multidrug resistance (MDR), a challenge in treating childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is frequently associated with decreased drug accumulation caused by multidrug transporter MDR1. Doxorubicin, an important anti-AML drug, is a known MDR1 substrate and inducer. Its cytostatic efficacy is thus limited by MDR1 overexpression. A recent study demonstrated cyclooxygenase-2-dependent, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated regulation of mdr1b expression in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is increased in several malignancies and considered a negative prognostic factor. Our study focused on cyclooxygenase system's impact on drug-induced MDR1 overexpression in AML cells. As a prerequisite, coexpression of MDR1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in HL-60 cells and primary AML blasts was demonstrated by Northern blot. Interestingly, incubation of AML cells with doxorubicin not only induced functionally active MDR1 overexpression but also mediated increased cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expressions with subsequent PGE2 release (determined by flow cytometry, rhodamine123 efflux assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). After preincubation and subsequent parallel treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2-preferential inhibitor meloxicam, doxorubicin-induced MDR1 overexpression and function were reduced (maximally at 0.1-0.5 μM meloxicam), whereas cytostatic efficacy of doxorubicin in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assays was significantly increased by up to 78 (HL-60) and 30% (AML blasts) after 72 h of doxorubicin treatment. In HL-60 cells, meloxicam-dependent effect on doxorubicin cytotoxicity was neutralized by PGE2 preincubation. In conclusion, the cyclooxygenase system, especially the cyclooxygenase-2 isoform, might be involved in regulating doxorubicin-induced MDR1 overexpression in AML cells, with PGE2 seeming to be a mediating factor. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors thus bear promise to overcome MDR in AML and improve therapy.
In Situ Population Dynamics of Bacterial Viruses in a Terrestrial Environment

ABSTRACT Predation by bacteriophages is thought to control bacterial numbers and facilitate gene transfer among bacteria in the biosphere. A thorough understanding of phage population dynamics is therefore necessary if their significance in natural environments is to be fully appreciated. Here we describe the in situ population dynamics of three separate phage populations predating on separate bacterial species, living on the surface of field-grown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. Amethyst), as recorded over a 9-month period. The distributions of the three phage populations were different and fluctuated temporally in 1996 (peak density, ∼103 PFU g−1). One of these populations, predating on the indigenous phytosphere bacterium Serratia liquefaciens CP6, consisted of six genetically distinct DNA phages that varied in relative abundance to the extent that an apparent temporal succession was observed between the two most abundant phages, ΦCP6-1 and ΦCP6-4.
What Do You Expect? The Effect of Psychological Contracts on Affective Commitment in Industrial Marketing Relationships

Affective relationship commitment has in several studies been identified as a crucial factor in the longevity of business relationships. In this article, it is argued that affective commitment should be researched on the individual level rather than the organizational level and that relevant psychological processes need to be incorporated into theory in order to increase understanding regarding the dynamics of this aspect of relationship commitment. The psychological contract, a construct derived from organizational psychology, is tested as an antecedent to affective commitment in relationships between buyers and sellers in the market for industrial supplies in Sweden. The findings indicate that the relational orientation of the psychological contract, as well as the evaluation of the same, has explanatory value when related to affective commitment in business-to-business relationships.
Quantifying the physical, social and attitudinal environment of children with cerebral palsy

Purpose. To develop an instrument to represent the availability of needed environmental features (EFs) in the physical, social and attitudinal environment of home, school and community for children with cerebral palsy. Method. Following a literature review and qualitative studies, the European Child Environment Questionnaire (ECEQ) was developed to capture whether EFs needed by children with cerebral palsy were available to them: 24, 24 and 12 items related to the physical, social and attitudinal environments, respectively. The ECEQ was administered to parents of 818 children with cerebral palsy aged 8–12 years, in seven European countries. A domain structure was developed using factor analysis. Results. Parents responded to 98% of items. Seven items were omitted from statistical models as the EFs they referred to were available to most children who needed them; two items were omitted as they did not fit well into plausible domains. The final domains, based on 51 items, were: Transport, Physical – home, Physical – community, Physical – school, Social support – home, Social support – community, Attitudes – family and friends, Attitudes – teachers and therapists, Attitudes – classmates. Conclusion. ECEQ was acceptable to parents and can be used to assess both the access children with cerebral palsy have to the EFs that they need and how available individual EFs are.
Imaging Through Obscuring, Discrete-Scatterer Media With Chirped Trains of Wide-Band Pulses

We describe an approach to construct a pulsed signal which, when propagating in an obscuring, discrete-scatterer medium (such as clouds, fog, dust or other aerosols) experiences reduced attenuation. The approach can thus find possible applications in communication or high resolution target detection. In the proposed scheme, the transmitted signal consists of a coherent train of short wide-band pulses emitted at chirped (linearly varying) time intervals. As the energy of a single pulse which has traveled a large distance in the medium is almost entirely concentrated in the precursor-type structures associated with its leading and trailing edges, the increase of the signal total energy is achieved by using trains with a large number of pulses. The (down-)range resolution is controlled by the chirp bandwidth characterizing the distribution of individual pulses in the train (that bandwidth may be sufficiently large to achieve a resolution typical of millimeter-wave radar), while the high cross-range resolution can be attained in analogy to the usual synthetic-aperture imaging. Processing of the received signal involves filtering associated with the chirp characteristics, analogous to that in the conventional matched-filter techniques. It is also shown that the proposed approach provides flexibility in choosing the chirped-train center frequency, e.g., to maximize the amount of energy passing through a selected atmospheric absorption window or to maximize the signal energy carried to a desired penetration depth.
Purification of complexes of nuclear oncogene p53 with rat and Escherichia coli heat shock proteins: in vitro dissociation of hsc70 and dnaK from murine p53 by ATP

Oligomeric protein complexes containing the nuclear oncogene p53 and the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (D. I. H. Linzer and A. J. Levine, Cell 17:43-51, 1979), the adenovirus E1B 55-kilodalton (kDa) tumor antigen, and the heat shock protein hsc70 (P. Hinds, C. Finlay, A. Frey, and A. J. Levine, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2863-2869, 1987) have all been previously described. To begin isolating, purifying, and testing these complexes for functional activities, we have developed a rapid immunoaffinity column purification. p53-protein complexes are eluted from the immunoaffinity column by using a molar excess of a peptide comprising the epitope recognized by the p53 monoclonal antibody. This mild and specific elution condition allows p53-protein interactions to be maintained. The hsc70-p53 complex from rat cells is heterogeneous in size, with some forms of this complex associated with a 110-kDa protein. The maximum apparent molecular mass of such complexes is 660,000 daltons. Incubation with micromolar levels of ATP dissociates this complex in vitro into p53 and hsc70 110-kDa components. Nonhydrolyzable substrates of ATP fail to promote this dissociation of the complex. Murine p53 synthesized in Escherichia coli has been purified 660-fold on the same antibody affinity column and was found to be associated with an E. coli protein of 70 kDa. Immunoblot analysis with specific antisera demonstrated that this E. coli protein was the heat shock protein dnaK, which has extensive sequence homology with the rat hsc70 protein. Incubation of the immunopurified p53-dnaK complex with ATP resulted in the dissociation of the p53-dnaK complex as it did with the p53-hsc70 complex. This remarkable conservation of p53-heat shock protein interactions and the specificity of dissociation reactions suggest a functionally important role for heat shock proteins in their interactions with oncogene proteins.
Reversal of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug resistance of human hepatic cancer cells by Astragaloside II

Objectives Chemoresistance is the main obstacle encountered in cancer treatment and is frequently associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). Astragaloside is a saponin which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported that Astragaloside has antitumour effects on hepatocellular carcinoma Bel‐7402 cells in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Astragaloside II on the reversal of MDR and its molecular mechanism in vitro.
Export Entrepreneurship and Trade Structure in Latin America During Good and Bad Times

The authors use a new dataset on export transactions for a large set of Latin American and Caribbean and comparator countries to assess the extent of"export entrepreneurship"during periods of fast export growth (2005-2007) and depressed external demand (2008-2009). Export entrepreneurship is equated with the extensive margin of exports, namely the advent of new exporting firms, new export products, and new export market destinations. The main findings are: (1) annual exporter entry, exit, and survival rates in Latin America and the Caribbean are quite similar to what is observed in other countries, and entry rates across sectors are quite similar but survival rates appear to be highest in agriculture; (2) the relative size of entrants into export markets (relative to incumbents) tended to be lower for natural resource-abundant countries during 2005-2007, but less so during the crisis years of 2008-2009; (3) entry rates tend to be lower in sectors in which a country has revealed comparative advantage, however, exit rates and survival rates of new exporters are higher in those sectors; and (4) the low growth of exports during the global recession of 2008-2009 in Latin America and the Caribbean was due to lower growth in exports of incumbent firms'pre-existing products and destinations, while new products and destinations tended to attenuate the recession's effects. Overall, the data suggest that the Latin American and Caribbean region appears to be no less entrepreneurial in terms of the extensive margins of exports than comparator countries.
Effect of product usage, satisfaction and involvement on brand switching behaviour

The study addresses the effect of product usage, satisfaction derived out of the same and the brand switching behaviour in several product categories while looking at the product involvement level in the Indian marketplace. A fair amount of work has been done in the area of customer satisfaction and loyalty and many customer satisfaction indexes are available in the market using different variables and characteristics. The study attempts to understand the brand switching behaviour of the customers and its relation not with just satisfaction derived out of the product but also connects to the usage pattern of the customers and product involvement. Five categories (vehicles, television, soap, hair oil, and ice cream), involving varying levels of involvement were chosen. Cluster analysis was used to understand the grouping of the characteristics across the categories and their effect on brand switching behaviour in correlation with satisfaction and involvement level. It was observed that product usage and related level of satisfaction fail to explain the brand switching behaviour. Product involvement was found to have moderate impact on readiness to switch. The study emphasises that marketers will have to keep a constant eye to understand the usage pattern associated with their products and the satisfaction derived out of it and also at how customers involve themselves with the product to lessen the brand switching behaviour among their customers.
Modeling and measurement of metamaterial antenna reception performance based on Software Defined Radio

In this paper, a broad bandwidth, high gain rectangular patch antenna using planar-patterned metamaterial concept and its power reception performance are discussed. Top patch consists of separated micro triangular periodic gaps while the ground plane is etched with crossed strip-line gaps. The patterned metal patch and ground plane form a coupled capacitive-inductive circuit of negative index metamaterial. In addition, experimental and theoretical power reception performance of the metamaterial antenna for different selected intervals are compared by using Software Defined Radio.
Hiring At Risk: Time to Ensure Hiring Really Is the Most Important Thing We Do

This article focuses on the necessity of providing foundational preparatory training for those who are charged with leading teacher hiring efforts at the K-12 level. The essential question proposed within the article is: Why are the very educators tasked with directly leading K-12 staff selection and retention efforts far more likely to be schooled in how to avoid liability and how to dismiss employees, than receive formal and meaningful preparatory, let alone ongoing, training on the most important act of hiring the highest quality employees in the first place? Though there was a paucity of information on the practice of hiring early on, the professional literature has long acknowledged the importance of teacher selection for both instructional and organizational success, and has recently focused more on the act of hiring itself. Increased focus on this topic reveals very little attention directed toward training, though it demonstrates a need for greater consistency that would be fostered by training administrators at the graduate level, and continuing to address this topic by means of ongoing professional development throughout their careers. Increased scholarship on this topic both domestically and internationally supports the need for training, and provides valuable knowledge and resources that would benefit all K-12 administrators who play any role in this most important area.
College students’ apparel shopping orientation and brand/product preferences

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide detailed information about the shopping behaviors and brand/product preferences of college students. To accomplish this purpose the following objectives were proposed: to identify college student segments’ underlying clothing shopping orientations; to profile these consumers by demographics and brand/product preferences; and to use apparel expenditures to further characterize the market segments.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of college students at a major university was conducted. After adopting the listwise deletion method, 185 useable questionnaires were available for analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, K‐means cluster analysis, Chi‐square, ANOVA, and Dunnett T3 tests were employed. Results showed that three segments were identified (i.e. apathetic price‐forward shoppers, hedonic fashion‐forward shoppers, involved price‐forward shoppers), and the three hypotheses were supported.Findings – The paper shows that the three segments .
Selection Criteria for Repeat Hepatectomy in Patients With Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors in patients with recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify selection criteria for repeat resection. Summary Background Data: Recent studies have demonstrated that repeat hepatectomy is effective for treating intrahepatic recurrent HCC in selected patients. However, the prognostic factors in these patients have not been fully evaluated. Methods: From October 1994 to December 2000, 334 patients underwent primary resection for HCC, and 67 received a 2nd hepatectomy for recurrent HCC. The survival results in these 67 patients were analyzed, and prognostic factors were determined using 38 clinicopathological variables. The prognosis and operative risk in 11 and 6 patients who received a 3rd and 4th resection were also evaluated. Results: The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the 334 patients after primary hepatectomy were 94%, 75%, and 56%, while those of the 67 patients after a 2nd resection were 93%, 70%, and 56%, respectively. There was no difference in survival (P = 0.64). All of the patients who underwent a 3rd or 4th are currently alive at a median follow-up of 2.5 and 1.4 years, respectively. The operative time and blood loss in the 2nd resection in patients who underwent a major primary resection were not different from those in patients who underwent minor hepatectomy at the 1st resection, and there were also no differences in these variables among the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th resections. In a multivariate analysis, absence of portal invasion at the 2nd resection (P = 0.01), single HCC at primary hepatectomy (P = 0.01), and a disease-free interval of 1 year or more after primary hepatectomy (P = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors after the 2nd resection. Twenty-nine patients with all 3 of these factors showed 3- and 5-year survival rates of 100% and 86%, respectively, after the 2nd resection. Conclusions: Repeat hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for patients who have previously undergone resection of a single HCC at the primary resection and in whom recurrence developed after a disease-free interval of 1 year or more and the recurrent tumor had no portal invasion.