Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
K-OXIME (K-27): PHOSPHYLATION-INDUCED CHANGES IN LOGP

Organophosphorus compounds (organophosphates and organophosphonates) exert their toxicity by phosphylating (i.e. either phosphorylating or phosphonylating) the serine hydroxyl group of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in its active center, thereby inhibiting this enzyme, which inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). This results in an accumulation of ACh and an “endogenous ACh poisoning”. Oximes, which can reactivate the inhibited enzyme by dephosphylation, are used in the therapy of organophosphorus compound poisoning. During the reactivation process, oximes become themselves phosphylated. Many of these phosphylated oximes are extremely potent AChE inhibitors, which may reduce their therapeutic efficacy. K-27 is a very promising experimental oxime. In the present study, logP values of phosphylated K-27 are estimated after “in-silico exposure” to a number of organophosphorus esters [ethyl-paraoxon, methylparaoxon, diisopropyl-fluoro-phosphate, VX, soman, tabun, sarin, cyclosarin]. These logP values are compared with those of the native oxime and possible therapeutic relevance is discussed. While our previously published data regarding obidoxime and pralidoxime show that phosphylation increases their lipophilicity, facilitating penetration into the brain where they can inhibit or re-inhibit enzymes, this conclusion does not hold with respect to K-27; phosphylation of K-27 does not generally increase lipophilicity. Possible consequences with regard to blood-brain-barrier passage, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy are discussed.
Delivering tons to the register: Energy efficient design and operation of residential cooling systems

Delivering Tons to the Register: Energy Efficient Design and Operation of Residential Cooling Systems Jeffrey Siegel, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Iain Walker, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Max Sherman, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ABSTRACT The work presented in this paper shows how proper air conditioning equipment location, sizing, installation and operation can improve performance, save on energy bills, and reduce peak demand. A residential heat and mass transfer model, REGCAP, was used to determine the effect of several parameters on energy consumption, peak electrical demand and air conditioner performance. These parameters included placing the entire air conditioning system within the insulated envelope of the house, reducing air conditioner capacity, correct installation (refrigerant charge and evaporator airflow), and alternative operating strategies (thermostat setback versus constant thermostat set point). Our results indicate that a properly sized and installed air conditioner has either equivalent or improved performance compared to an oversized poorly installed air conditioner that is typical of residential construction. This paper examines a recent innovation in bringing the HVAC system inside the thermal and air leakage envelope by locating the system in a cathedralized attic that is insulated and sealed at the roofline and is well connected to the house. Both field measurements and simulation results show that houses with ducts located in cathedralized attics have dramatically increased cooling performance and lower energy consumption than houses with ducts in conventional attics. However, the marginal benefit of improving an air conditioning system once it is in a cathedralized attic is small: the largest part of energy savings come from insulating and sealing the attic. Introduction Residential central air conditioning systems use about 11 x 10 9 kWh/year in California and are also responsible for a significant part of the peak load conditions in California and the Southwest (calculated from information given by Wenzel et al. (1997) and California Dept. of Finance (1997)). Many of the systems that contribute to this load have poor performance and high energy use. The energy and comfort advantages of having ducts inside the conditioned space are already widely accepted by engineers. However, some architects, builders, and homeowners continue to resist interior ducts because of concerns about aesthetic, space, and construction issues. Thus, in much of the Southwestern United States, it is common practice to put ducts in attics that can reach 60°C (140°F) or even hotter (Carlson et al. 1992; Parker et al. 1997a; Walker et al. 1999). Recently, a movement has begun to change the way that attics are built in hot and dry climates where moisture problems are not an issue (Rudd & Lstiburek 1998). The idea is to seal and insulate attic at the roof line, but not to seal and insulate between the attic and the house. This “cathedralizes” the attic, bringing it inside of the conditioned space. Such a
Effect of fertigation on yield, quality and soil fertility status under cotton grown in Vertisol

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertigation on yield, quality and soil nutrient status under cotton grown in Vertisol at Akola during kharif season of 2009-10 to 2011-12. The experiment consists of various levels of fertilizers through drip fertigation along with Zn laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results of the present experiment revealed that, the maximum values of nutrient uptake, fibre quality parameters, economics and highest seed cotton (18.19 q ha-1) and stalk (41.89 q ha-1) yield was recorded with 100% RD (100:50:50 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1) along with combined application of Zn (4 kg ha-1) + Fe (5 kg ha-1) through drip from water soluble fertilizers (WSF). The higher values of N, P, K Zn and Fe was recorded with 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer alongwith combined application of Zn (4 kg Zn ha-1) + Fe (5 kg Fe ha-1) through soil application from conventional fertilizer (Urea,DAP, MOP). Application of 75% RD + (3 kg ha-1) + Fe (3.75 kg Fe ha-1) through drip (WSF) recorded higher Gross monetary returns (Rs. 74914 ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs. 34447 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.85). The performance of treatment 75% RD + Zn (3 kg ha-1) + Fe (3.75 kg ha-1)through drip from water soluble fertilizers was found at par with the treatment giving the highest yield showing its importance in saving of 25% N, P2O5, K2O, Zn and Fe through drip from water soluble fertilizers.
Life in the lead: extreme densities of narwhals Monodon monoceros in the offshore pack ice.

There is a paucity of information on abundance, densities, and habitat selection of nar- whals Monodon monoceros in the offshore pack ice of Baffin Bay, West Greenland, despite the criti- cal importance of winter foraging regions and considerable sea ice declines in the past decades. We conducted a double-platform visual aerial survey over a narwhal wintering ground to obtain pack ice densities and develop the first fully corrected abundance estimate using point conditional mark- recapture distance sampling. Continuous video recording and digital images taken along the track- line allowed for in situ quantification of winter narwhal habitat and for the estimation of fine-scale narwhal habitat selection and habitat-specific sighting probabilities. Abundance at the surface was estimated at 3484 (coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.46) including whales missed by observers. The fully corrected abundance of narwhals was 18 044 (CV = 0.46), or approximately one-quarter of the entire Baffin Bay population. The narwhal wintering ground surveyed (~9500 km 2 ) had 2.4 to 3.2% open water based on estimates from satellite imagery (NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro- radiometer) and 1565 digital photographic images collected on the trackline. Thus, the ~18 000 nar- whals had access to 233 km 2 of open water, resulting in an average density of ~77 narwhals km -2 open water. Narwhal sighting probability near habitats with 50% open water, suggesting narwhals select optimal foraging areas in dense pack ice regardless of open water availability. This study pro- vides the first quantitative ecological data on densities and habitat selection of narwhals in pack ice foraging regions that are rapidly being altered with climate change.
Political Discrimination in the Aftermath of Violence: the case of the Greek riots

We examine discrimination against outgroups in the context of the December 2008 riots in Greece after the killing of a 15-year-old student by a special police agent. We examine students’ allocations between themselves and others, including police, in modified Dictator games, allowing us to test theories of discrimination on behavior with real payoff consequences. Treatments examined the effect of in-group norms and environmental cues on discrimination. We find that cues in the environment increase discrimination. However, contrary to existing research, in-group norms do not increase discrimination. We also correlate discrimination with attitudes towards the riots themselves, providing a laboratory test of the “frame alignment” theory of mobilization. Laboratory behaviour was correlated with self-reported participation in demonstrations, supporting the external validity of our measure.
Constraints in using site-won calcareous clayey silt (loam) as fill materials

BSI recently published the revised BS 6031, to include compliance with Eurocode 7. This placed emphasis on fill classification and compaction specifications, while setting the Specification for Highway Works (SHW) 600 series as the default approach for earthworks in the UK. The revised BS 6031 (and earlier documents such as the 2001 manual of BRE Centre for Ground Engineering and Remediation) lack in explaining long-term ground movements in compacted earthworks, particularly when arisings from nearby cuttings are used as fill materials. Unexplained settlements include sudden and long-term subsidence particularly in transient loading environments, when fills are built from sand/silts with small clay inclusions, as well as seasonal subsidence in fills with <20% carbonates. This paper examines some of these limitations through revisiting our recent research, including a recent experimental work. From this paper, specifications can be developed for building fills with site-won materials with an impact on carbon footprint, haulage and maintenance costs.
Selecting the best system and multi-armed bandits

Consider the problem of finding a population or a probability distribution amongst many with the largest mean when these means are unknown but population samples can be simulated or otherwise generated. Typically, by selecting largest sample mean population, it can be shown that false selection probability decays at an exponential rate. Lately, researchers have sought algorithms that guarantee that this probability is restricted to a small $\delta$ in order $\log(1/\delta)$ computational time by estimating the associated large deviations rate function via simulation. We show that such guarantees are misleading when populations have unbounded support even when these may be light-tailed. Specifically, we show that any policy that identifies the correct population with probability at least $1-\delta$ for each problem instance requires infinite number of samples in expectation in making such a determination in any problem instance. This suggests that some restrictions are essential on populations to devise $O(\log(1/\delta))$ algorithms with $1 - \delta$ correctness guarantees. We note that under restriction on population moments, such methods are easily designed, and that sequential methods from stochastic multi-armed bandit literature can be adapted to devise such algorithms.
Predictive Factors for Juvenile Delinquency: The Role of Family Structure, Parental Monitoring and Delinquent Peers

The aim of this research was to investigate the role of family structure, parental monitoring and affiliation with delinquent peers in predicting juvenile delinquency. In this Cross-sectional study, 96 delinquent adolescents and 91 non-delinquent adolescents, chosen through a convenient sampling in Tehran, completed parental monitoring inventory and affiliation with delinquent peers scale. Data was analyzed using Logestic regression analysis. Reliability of the questionnaires verified using internal consistency and test-retest methods. Regarding Logestic regression analysis results, among predicting variables, family structure and affiliation with delinquent peers were significant predictors of juvenile delinquency. These factors could explain 29 to 39 percent of delinquency variance. Parental monitoring was also unable to predict delinquency, but it could significantly predict affiliation with delinquent peers. The results of the present study were in line with results of the previous researches and showed that distress in family structure and affiliation with delinquent peers have a significant role in the delinquency phenomenon. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider these factors as influential factors in promoting delinquency.
Provider initiated HIV testing and counseling, acceptance and disclosure of HIV status and factors related to them among outpatients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital

Background: HIV counseling and testing is the critical entry-point for engagement into treatment and care as well as for primary and secondary HIV prevention efforts. Despite the importance of this step, most HIV infected patients globally, and particularly in resource-poor settings, are unaware of their HIV status and the uptake of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services is relatively limited. Objectives: To assess the magnitude of Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) acceptance and disclosure and factors related to them among outpatient department patients. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative survey was taken from December 1, 2010 to January 10, 2011 among 414 clients coming to the outpatient department in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. Data were collected, entered into EPI info version 3.5. 1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16. A logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with PITC acceptance and disclosure of test results. Results: A total of 414 study participants (with a response rate of 100 %) responded to the questionnaire. Acceptance of PITC among OPD patients was 83.6%. Adjusted correlates of PITC acceptance included female gender (AOR=2.27, 95% CI=1.16-4.42) and knowledge about HIV transmission (AOR=4.08, 95% CI=1.98-9.91). Key barriers to accepting PITC included being apparently healthy (25%), being tested before (22.1%) and fear of stigma and discrimination (19.1%). Of the 346 respondents who accepted PITC, 288 (83.2%) had a plan to disclose their results to any other person. Compared with the age group 45 and above, those 15-24 years old were less likely to disclose their HIV status (AOR=0.16, 95% CI=0.04-0.62). Disclosure of test result was associated with occupation (AOR=5.42, 95% CI=1.44-20.43) and negative test result (AOR=4.00, 95% CI=1.53-10.47). Conclusion and recommendations: In this study, PITC acceptance was promising and should be expanded to other health facilities. Efforts should be strengthened to decrease factors which impede HIV test result disclosure.
Comparing Perinatal Outcome in Twin and Singleton Pregnancies Regarding Doppler Evaluation of Uterine Artery Indices in the Second Trimester

Background: Prediction of adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes could be possible by using ultrasound Doppler evaluation, however there are some controversies regarding this issue in the literature. The goal of present study was to evaluate predictive value of Doppler indices in single and twin pregnancies during second trimester. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Yas Hospital, Tehran, between February 2015 and January 2016. The number of 71 singleton pregnancies and 59 twin pregnancies enrolled in this study. A single expert perinatalogist / sonographer did all Doppler ultrasound exams and followed up cases until the end of pregnancy. To compare Doppler indices and pre-postnatal outcomes between singleton and twin groups, the Student’s t-test, Pearson χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used for continue and categorical variables, respectively. Results: Rates of preterm delivery and SGA were significantly higher in twin pregnancies compared with singletons (P 0.05). Conclusion According the results, the mean PI of uterine arteries in twin pregnancies in the second trimester was significantly lower than singleton pregnancies. On the other hand this value did not differ between perinatal complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies.
Association of habitual snoring with carotid intima-media thickness in young men

Purpose The primary aims of this study are to: 1) compare carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) of young males who are habitual snorers compared to those who do not snore; 2) to compare CIMT between snorers and non-snorers to the intima media thickness (IMT) of the brachial artery, the control, that is not exposed to the vibrations from snoring; and 3) to determine the risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in snorers compared to non-snorers through the use of validated questionnaires. Methods Subjects were classified as snorers (n=17) or non-snorers (n=6) according to the prescreening questionnaire. Height, weight, neck and waist circumferences, body composition, physical activity level, heart rate variability and accelerometer data were collected on each subject. Brachial and carotid IMT was imaged via ultrasonography; IMT measurements were compared between groups using brachial IMT as the control to compare CIMT between groups. Results No significant group differences were noted for any study variable, however a correlation was found between CIMT and physical activity (PA) (expressed as MET-min/wk) (r=0.65, p = .001). After controlling for PA, mean CIMT was greater in snorers compared to non-snorers (0.367 mm vs. 0.310 mm respectively; p=.014). Brachial IMT did not differ between groups. Questionnaire data showed that 58.8% of snorers were at high risk for developing OSA compared to 0% for non-snorers. Conclusion Results suggest that the vibrations from snoring may contribute
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GLIDING-HYDROFOIL CRAFT

The Gliding-Hydrofoil Craft (GHC) has been recently proposed by the authors from JUST, which is partially similar to a planing craft but has a hydrofoil installed in the front part of the ship. To study its hydrodynamic characteristics, model tests are carried out in a towing tank, and the total resistance, trim angle and wetted area of the craft in the cases with different Froude numbers are measured. This paper presents analysis on the experimental data and discusses the effects of the submerged depth and initial attack angle of the hydrofoil.
Optimized restraint systems for rear seat passengers

Restraint systems for front seats have experienced continual improvement in recent years, in particular through the introduction of airbags. The standard for rear seats, however, is still the conventional three-point belt on outer seats and the lap belt for the middle seat position. As using airbags in rear seats is very problematic, the feasibility and protective effect will be examined of a belt system equipped with a belt pretensioner and a load limiter. To do so, first the marginal conditions constituted by legislation, findings from accident investigations, and seat position and belt geometry in rear seats are discussed in detail. Results from sled testing and MADYMO simulations allow the following to be said: Optimized belt systems very much reduce thorax loading, the largest effect for chest deflection coming from the load limiter, but for V*C, on the other hand, from the pretensioner. It emerges that a vehicle crash pulse that is 30% harder with an optimized belt system produces lower thorax loading values for rear seat occupants than a corresponding "softer" pulse with a conventional three-point belt. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.
Time Varying Sensitivities on a Grid Architecture

We estimate time varying risk sensitivities on a wide range of stocks' portfolios of the US market. We empirically test, on a 1926-2004 Monthly CRSP database, a classic one factor model augmented with a time varying specification of betas. Using a Kalman filter based on a genetic algorithm, we show that the model is able to explain a large part of the variability of stock returns. Furthermore we run a Risk Management application on a GRID computing architecture. By estimating a parametric Value at Risk, we show how GRID computing offers an opportunity to enhance the solution of computational demanding problems with decentralized data retrieval.
Qualitative parameters of pleurotus ostreatus (jacq.) p. kumm. mushrooms grown on supplemented spent substrate

In this paper, the agronomic viability of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. is studied by reusing the spent substrates previously used in crops of the same mushrooms. To this substrates are applied commercial nutritional supplements (Calprozime®, Champfood® and Promycel®), to research their potential use as additives together with wheat straw (WS), calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate at different doses. After the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates, we evaluated the qualitative production parameters in one flush. The mixture of wheat straw (WS) (3,000 g) and spent Pleurotus substrate (SPS) (3,000 g) supplemented with 120 g of each of the commercial supplements (Promycel®, and Calprozime® Champfood®) are substrates that promote red-green (a*) and yellow-blue (b*) chromaticity in harvested mushrooms. This manuscript presents the results obtained in an experiment where different supplements were used to enrich substrates composed of wheat straw and spent substrate. Qualitative features of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms were evaluated.
A New Lineage‐Based Tribal Classification of the Family Caryophyllaceae

Understanding the relationships within the Caryophyllaceae has been difficult, in part because of arbitrarily and poorly defined genera and difficulty in determining phylogenetically useful morphological characters. This study represents the most complete phylogenetic analysis of the family to date, with particular focus on the genera and relationships within the large subfamily Alsinoideae, using molecular characters to examine the monophyly of taxa and the validity of the current taxonomy as well as to resolve the obscure origins of divergent taxa such as the endemic Hawaiian Schiedea. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of three chloroplast gene regions (matK, trnL‐F, and rps16) from 81 newly sampled and 65 GenBank specimens reveal that several tribes and genera, especially within the Alsinoideae, are not monophyletic. Large genera such as Arenaria and Minuartia are polyphyletic, as are several smaller genera. The phylogenies reveal that the closest relatives to Schiedea are a pair of widespread, largely Arctic taxa, Honckenya peploides and Wilhelmsia physodes. More importantly, the three traditional subfamilies (Alsinoideae, Caryophylloideae, and Paronychioideae) are not reflective of natural groups; we propose abandoning this classification in favor of a new system that recognizes major lineages of the molecular phylogeny at the tribal level. A new tribe, Eremogoneae Rabeler & W.L. Wagner, is described here.