Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Scavenging and Protein Supplement on the Feed Intake and Performance of Improved Pullets and Laying Hens in Northern Vietnam

Two feeding trials were conducted with 128 pullets from 4 to 20 weeks of age and 96 laying hens from 23 to 63 weeks of age to evaluate the effects of scavenging and type of protein supplement on the feed intake and performance of improved pullets and laying hens. The experiments had a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments and four replicates. Treatments were: Control (Cont), scavenging but with access to a balanced concentrate at night; confinement (CF) and given the control feed ad libitum; scavenging and supplemented at night with the control feed, but with soybean meal replaced by cassava leaf meal (CLM); scavenging and supplemented at night with the control feed, but with fishmeal replaced by soybean meal (SBM). The mean daily dry matter (DMI), metabolizable energy (MEI) and crude protein intakes (CPI) of the pullets and laying hens, respectively, were 28%, and 18% higher for the confinement treatment (CF) compared to the scavenging treatments (p 0.05), but for the layers DMI, MEI and CPI were significantly higher for the CLM and SBM treatments compared to the Cont treatment (p 0.05). In the laying period, the hen-day production was significantly lower, and supplement FCR and FCS significantly higher for the CF compared to the scavenging treatments (p 0.05). However, shell and yolk percentages were significantly lower for the CF compared to the Cont treatment (p<0.01). Mortality was significantly higher for the CF compared to the scavenging treatments for pullets, and was significantly lower for the CF compared to scavenging treatments for laying hens (p<0.001). It was concluded that scavenging pullets and layers were getting around 28% and 18%, respectively, of their nutrient requirements from scavenging activities, resulting in correspondingly lower supplement feed conversion ratios and feed costs. Daily gains of the pullets were not affected by scavenging or protein supplement, but egg production and mortality were lower for the confined hens.
INTRODUCING TYPES INTO ELEMENTARY FORMAL SYSTEMS

The elementary formal systems (EFS's for short) work as a theoretical basis in the various fields of computer science such as formal language theory, programming semantics, machine learning and so on. In this paper, we first define proof figures which illustrate proofs of EFS and show standard proof figures for ground atoms which are distinctive in the usage of inference rules. Then we formalize typed EFS, which is a natural extension of EFS obtained by replacing variables by typed variables and show some basic properties as a logic programming language. Finally, we illustrate the first order logic in term of our typed EFS's.
Lawyer, Be Thyself: An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between the Ethic of Care, the Feeling Decisionmaking Preference, and Lawyer Wellbeing

Attorney distress is an empirically-documented phenomenon. Depression and alcoholism, for example, appear to occur among attorneys at about twice the rate found in the general population. Existing empirical research suggests that certain personality attributes and decision making preferences predominate among attorneys. Previous commentary has argued for the value of an ethic of care and a Feeling decision making preference in the law, yet these traits are often underrepresented among lawyers. This study investigated whether these arguably atypical traits were empirically linked to attorney distress or work dissatisfaction. This study found no relationship between these two traits and attorney distress and dissatisfaction, but there was a strong correlation between psychological distress and work dissatisfaction among attorneys. Implications of these findings for the profession are explored.
On the Influence of Temporal Resolution on Automatic Delimitation using Clustering Algorithms

One of the first steps in the application of precision agricul ture techniques to a particular geographical zone is the tas k of land delimitation: determining which regions share similar soil properties and can (and should) be treated in a uniform way. In particular, automatic land delimitation is focused on providing delimitations from different data sources as those from satellite or sensors. In this work it is proposed to automatically delimit zones using remote sensed reflectivity and clustering algorithms. In addit ion, it is studied how temporal resolution affects this delimitation. In orde r to obtain this zoning, two different clustering paradigms are applied to data collected from Terras Gauda vineyard, a well known Spanish producer of Albarino wine. The results are promising in the sense that the clusters obtained are consistent with the current land orga nization and show that the lower temporal resolution, the more compact the clusters.
Large-scale blue crab recruitment: linking postlarval transport, post-settlement planktonic dispersal, and multiple nursery habitats

A large-scale study of early juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus recruitment within a shallow, predominantly wind-driven estuarine system demonstrated that distribution and abundance patterns were jointly influenced by location from oceanic sources of postlarvae, time period, habitat type, and post-settlement planktonic dispersal. The Croatan-Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System (CAPES) in North Carolina, USA, is a lagoonal body of water that is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a chain of barrier islands, which are bisected by Oregon, Hatteras, and Ocracoke Inlets. For sampling purposes, the CAPES was divided into 4 regions that differed in distance and orientation from oceanic sources of postlarvae, as well as available complex benthic habitat types. The Eastern region was closest to oceanic waters, contained 3 major inlets, and harbored extensive seagrass beds. The Northern and Western regions were located along the inland boundary of the CAPES, and con- tained alternative habitat types including the submersed rooted vascular plant Myriophyllum spica- tum and shallow detrital habitats. The Southern region was inshore and contained patchy seagrass. During a period that lacked storm events, virtually all juvenile recruitment occurred within seagrass beds at the Eastern region. Conversely, early juvenile blue crabs were distributed widely throughout the CAPES after the passage of tropical cyclones. The Eastern region appears to act as a relatively consistent initial recruitment site, whereas Northern and Western regions of the CAPES may act as episodic recruitment areas after the passage of tropical cyclones. Similar densities of early juveniles were found in different complex benthic habitats (seagrass, shallow detrital habitat, M. spicatum). A comparison of site-specific, settler-recruit densities (which represent distinct cohorts) suggested that post-settlement juveniles dispersed planktonically throughout the CAPES, most likely due to storm- driven transport. Post-settlement, planktonic dispersal altered the settler-recruit relationship, by both masking and potentially enhancing a density-dependent relationship between settlers and recruits. This study illustrates that ecological processes influencing recruitment, such as post-settlement dis- persal, may be missed when studied at relatively small spatial scales, and that our interpretation of population regulation can vary depending on the scale of study. Studies conducted over broad spa- tial scales can provide a more complete understanding of recruitment dynamics and can elucidate the interconnectedness of subpopulations by identifying potential 'source' areas in species with open populations.
Conservation of the Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus) in agricultural areas

The Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus) is a ground‐nesting raptor that breeds mainly in cereal crops in western Europe. We evaluate how the use of agricultural habitats may affect population sustainability in this species, based on simulation analyses, and explore how conservation measures could be optimized. Probability of extinction increased with decreasing harrier productivity, and this trend was accentuated when the carrying capacity (maximum number of breeding pairs) decreased. Harrier productivity in agricultural habitats is strongly affected by harvesting activities. An average of 60% of nestlings in agricultural areas of France and the Iberian Peninsula would perish in the absence of conservation measures. These losses would make populations unsustainable, if no immigration occurred. Simulation analyses showed that connectivity between populations through natal dispersal could allow persistence of threatened populations even in the absence of conservation measures. The probability of extinction of four hypothetical populations connected through natal dispersal would be lowest if one of those populations were fully protected (or fully productive), even if the other ones were unprotected. Montagu's harriers are semi‐colonial, and populations could be considered as a compound of subpopulations (the colonies). Additionally, Montagu's harriers bred more frequently in areas where food abundance was high, and where the number of fledglings produced in the previous reproductive attempt was high. These factors could be used to develop sustainable and efficient conservation plans, identifying and protecting the most productive and stable colonies in agricultural areas, and further exploring experimentally factors that are likely to attract and maintain harriers in protected areas.
Learners preferences of oral corrective feedback: An example of Turkish as a foreign language learners

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) in order to understand whether they would like their errors to be corrected and, if so, when, which of them, how and by whom they would like to be corrected in the classroom environment. A questionnaire with multiple choices, adapted from the review of Hendrickson (1978), was administered to 165 TFL learners. A total of 141 of the participants were C1 level learners, and 24 of them were B2 level learners. The results show that the vast majority of the participants (97. %) prefer their errors to be corrected, and a smaller majority of them prefer teachers (73.2%) to correct them immediately (58.9%). Just over half (54%) of the participants primarily prefer grammatical errors to be corrected; the most preferred correction strategy (43%) is teachers giving the correct form immediately and the second most preferred correction strategy (21.2%) is teachers repeating the erroneous part of the utterance. Key words: Second language acquisition, classroom discourse, error correction, error treatment.
Prices over the business cycle: micro-level evidence from scanner data

A controversy has recently developed surrounding the extent to which prices are influenced by the business cycle. We provide some micro-level evidence on this issue using a large US scanner data set. Our model identifies the business cycle effect by looking at variation in unemployment and house price growth across US regions and compares this with individual price movements based upon a general hedonic formulation. We find little support for goods prices moving in response to fluctuations in the unemployment rate or house prices.
Functional foods from animal production

Contrary to dogma, many compounds found in animal products appear to have health benefits. For example, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and trans–11 vaccenic acid (TVA), which are found in ruminant fats, particularly those from grazing animals, are protective against some diseases. In the Victorian Northern Irrigation Area, the concentration of CLA in milk fat ranged from 1.1– 35.4 mg/g fat (average 9.1 mg/g), with a major peak in spring. However, there was a 3–fold variation in the concentration of CLA between sites. Milk trans isomers varied in a similar manner (5.7–164.2 mg/g of fat, average 60.2 mg/g fat). These peak CLA and TVA concentrations were greater than those found to confer protection against cancers in rodent models. Selenium is also protective against some cancers, and protein–bound selenium is more effective than inorganic selenium. Milk selenium concentrations can be increased through supplemental feeding of yeast–bound selenium and this may be a means of delivering selenium to humans. Dairy proteins may contain factors that reduce appetite and aid in weight control. Data obtained from obese minipigs suggests that high whey–protein diets may reduce feed intake and fat deposition and improve insulin resistance. In conclusion, there appear to be opportunities to make use of inherent components of animal products to develop foods that may confer health benefits on humans.
Enhanced Oil Recovery - An Overview

Nearly 2.0 × 1012 barrels (0.3 × 1012 m3 ) of conventional oil and 5.0 × 1012 barrels (0.8 × 1012 m3 ) of heavy oil will remain in reservoirs worldwide after conventional recovery methods have been exhausted. Much of this oil would be recovered by Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods, which are part of the general scheme of Improved Oil Recovery (IOR). The choice of the method and the expected recovery depends on many considerations, economic as well as technological. This paper examines the EOR methods that have been tested in the field. Some of these have been commercially successful, while others are largely of academic interest. The reasons for the same are discussed. The paper examines thermal and non-thermal oil recovery methods. These are presented in a balanced fashion, with regard to commercial success in the field. Only a few recovery methods have been commercially successful, such as steam injection based processes in heavy oils and tar sands (if the reservoir offers favourable conditions for such applications) and miscible carbon dioxide for light oil reservoirs. Other recovery methods have been tested, and even produced incremental oil, but they have inherent limitations. The current EOR technologies are presented in a proper perspective, pointing out the technical reasons for the lack of success. Methods for improving oil recovery, in particular those concerned with lowering the interstitial oil saturation, have received a great deal of attention both in the laboratory and in the field. From the vast amount of literature on the subject, one gets the impression that it is relatively simple to increase oil recovery beyond secondary (assuming that the reservoir lends itself to primary and secondary recovery). It is shown that this is not the case. Many reservoirs suitable for steam injection and carbon dioxide have already been exploited and are approaching maturity. Other EOR methods suffer from limitations that have little to do with economics. Recovering incremental oil is complex and costly, and has been successful only for a few processes under exacting conditions. Nevertheless, EOR will continue to have an important place in oil production, in view of the escalating energy demand and the tight supply. It is suggested that much research is needed to develop technologies for recovering over two-thirds of the oil that will remain unrecovered in reservoirs. Key references are indicated.
Framing Interorganizational Network Change: A Network Inertia Perspective

We introduce the construct of network inertia, referring to a persistent organizational resistance to changing interorganizational network ties or difficulties that an organization faces when it attempts to dissolve old relationships and form new network ties. Previous research has neglected the process of network change in favor of an emphasis on identifying beneficial content effects of networks. We emphasize the constraints on network change and propose a multilevel conceptual model relating key sources of network inertia to changes in network ties. We also discuss the implications of network inertia for the evolution of networks.
The Actuated Guitar

Playing a guitar is normally only for people with fully functional hands. In this work we investigate alternative interaction concepts to enable or re-enable people with non-functional right hands or arms to play a guitar via actuated strumming. The functionality and complexity of right hand interaction with the guitar is immense. We therefore divided the right hand techniques into three main areas: Strumming, string picking / skipping, and string muting. This paper explores the first stage, strumming. We have developed an exploratory platform called the Actuated Guitar that utilizes a normal electrical guitar, sensors to capture the rhythmic motion of alternative fully functioning limbs, such as a foot, knee or the head, and a motorized fader moving a pick back and forth across the strings. A microcontroller is utilized for pro-cessing sensor data, which allows flexible mapping of user input to the actuation of the motorized fader. Our approach employs the flexibility of a programmable digital system, allowing us to scale and map different ranges of data from various sensors to the motion of the actuator – thereby making it easier adapt to individual users.
Equivariant E-Theory for C*-Algebras

Introduction Asymptotic morphisms The homotopy category of asymptotic morphisms Functors on the homotopy category Tensor products and descent $C^\ast$-algebra extensions $E$-theory Cohomological properties Proper algebras Stabilization Assembly The Green-Julg theorem Induction and compression A generalized Green-Julg theorem Application to the Baum-Connes conjecture Concluding remarks on assembly for proper algebras References.
Does Economic Development Cause Intra-Industry Trade? The Case of India: 1971 to 2000 ∗

India’s intra-industry trade (IIT) is evaluated and analyzed from 1971 to 2000. IIT is found to have an upward trend with a growth rate that is close to the growth rate of GNP. A host of macro economic indicators are cointegrated with IIT suggesting that there is a stable relationship between IIT and the level of economic development of India. The causation of this relationship is not however unidirectional as the existing theoretical literature on IIT suggests. There is bi-directional causality for these variables. This implies that though economic development boosts IIT, it can equally be interpreted as a proxy for economic development and a predictor of future industrial progress rather than one that strictly follows it.
Drawing-based deception detection techniques 1 Drawing-based deception detection techniques : A state-ofthe-art review

The current article presents a concise overview of the emerging literature on drawingbased deception detection techniques. We cover the theoretical rationale of such techniques as well as the main results from the extant empirical studies. These studies have primarily looked at differences in the drawings between truth tellers and liars in terms of quality (e.g., detail, plausibility) and consistency (both within-group, and between-statement). The findings highlight drawings as a promising tool to elicit differences between truth tellers and liars on such cues. The paper also examines more practical aspects, such as practitioners’ experience of the approach and preference for the approach in training studies. Finally, the susceptibility of the approach to counter-measures and directions for future research are discussed. Although research on drawingbased deception detection techniques is still very much in its infancy, results of this first round of studies are promising. They indicate the potential of incorporating drawings into real-life investigative interviews as a cheap, effective, and easy to use approach to deception detection.
Sustainable Construction Implementation In Ghana: Focusing On Awareness And Challenges

The quest for sustainable construction everywhere is mainly to achieve the dual end of ensuring a balance in infrastructural development and the ecosystem both for the present and future generations. This is due the growing realization among leading scientists and researchers that the rate at which the earth’s resources are being used exceeds its long-term capacity and undermines the vital life support system of the earth. The extent to which this all-important agenda is being pursued varies from one country to the other despite the global nature of the threat. This research assesses the level of awareness and challenges of implementing sustainable construction in Ghana. The study adopted a quantitative study design where questionnaire survey was used to elicit data from respondents. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 100 randomly sampled construction practitioners (architects, quantity surveyors and structural engineers). For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and severity index were mainly used. The results of the survey demonstrated that there is low level of awareness and practical application of the concept of sustainable construction amongst stakeholders in the construction industry in Ghana. The research findings further indicate cultural change resistance, lack of commitment from government, fear of higher investment costs, lack of professional knowledge, and lack of legislation as the most severe challenges of implementing sustainable construction in Ghana. Keywords: Awareness, Challenges, Construction Industry, Ghana, Sustainable Construction
Regulation Effects on Company Beta Components

This paper introduces a general model to analyze the effects of regulation on company risk. In particular, we consider two determinants of systematic risk: the company’s overall risk and the correlation between the regulated company’s value and the market. Theoretical findings indicate that as regulation gets stricter, the company’s abnormal returns will turn negative, whereas the two systematic risk components will increase, and vice versa. We use event analysis elements and a time-varying beta estimation to verify the regulation impact on risk and returns in the English electricity distribution industry. We find that systematic risk varies significantly during the period considered in our analysis. Furthermore, the analysis points to negative relationships between abnormal returns and both market correlation and overall risk variations.
Entrepreneurial Competencies and Networks in the Construction Industry

The construction industry plays an important role in the economic growth and in the long-term national development. However, some studies have shown that the failure rate and bankruptcies among the construction firms are high. One of the critical issues facing the construction industry in Malaysia is to ensure that the industry can attain and able to sustain the anticipated growth. This research attempts to empirically examine the significance of the entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial networks on entrepreneurial success of small size contractors in Malaysia. It adapts the quantitative approach and carried out in the state of Selangor where stratified random sampling was adapted. Questionnaires were conducted as means of collecting data. Based on the total number of population of G1 to G3, the sample size is 368 respondents. Quantitative research revealed that personal competency has the highest effect on the success of the construction firms (β=.231), and social network (β=.223). Hence, the study’s empirical findings provide a basis for recommendations for small size construction firms to enhance their competencies and for the policy makers to design and formulate entrepreneurship support programs for small size construction firms. Keywords: Entrepreneurial competencies, Entrepreneurial networks, Construction firms, Entrepreneurship