Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 1. A new information geodatabase with uncertainty characterizations

This study presents new and revised data sets about the spatial distribution of past volcanic vents, eruptive fissures, and regional/local structures of the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic system (Italy). The innovative features of the study are the identification and quantification of important sources of uncertainty affecting interpretations of the data sets. In this regard, the spatial uncertainty of each feature is modeled by an uncertainty area, i.e., a geometric element typically represented by a polygon drawn around points or lines. The new data sets have been assembled as an updatable geodatabase that integrates and complements existing databases for Somma‐Vesuvio. The data are organized into 4 data sets and stored as 11 feature classes (points and lines for feature locations and polygons for the associated uncertainty areas), totaling more than 1700 elements. More specifically, volcanic vent and eruptive fissure elements are subdivided into feature classes according to their associated eruptive styles: (i) Plinian and sub‐Plinian eruptions (i.e., large‐ or medium‐scale explosive activity); (ii) violent Strombolian and continuous ash emission eruptions (i.e., small‐scale explosive activity); and (iii) effusive eruptions (including eruptions from both parasitic vents and eruptive fissures). Regional and local structures (i.e., deep faults) are represented as linear feature classes. To support interpretation of the eruption data, additional data sets are provided for Somma‐Vesuvio geological units and caldera morphological features. In the companion paper, the data presented here, and the associated uncertainties, are used to develop a first vent opening probability map for the Somma‐Vesuvio caldera, with specific attention focused on large or medium explosive events.
Homeownership and entrepreneurship

We study the link between homeownership and entrepreneurship by exploiting the longitudinal dimension of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and constructing a detailed monthly-spell dataset that tracks individuals‟ job history and tenure choice, coupled with other time-varying characteristics. Our fixed-effects estimates show that purchasing ahouse reduces the likelihood of starting a business by 20-25%. This result is driven by homeowners with mortgages and persists for several years after entering homeownership. The negative link can be rationalized by portfolio considerations: leveraged housing investments crowd out entrepreneurial investments. Alternative explanations based on credit constraints find little support in our data.
Dorso-abdominal scent glands and metathoracic evaporatoria in adults of central European Rhopalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with a discussion of phylogeny and higher systematics

The reservoirs of dorso-abdominal scent glands and the occurrence of the metapleural scent gland evaporatoria in the adults of nine central European and one North American species in the family Rhopalidae (Hemiptera) were studied. All published data about the persistence of the dorso-abdominal scent glands in rhopalid adults are reviewed, and systematic and phylogenetic implications are derived from the patterns of variation.
Heterogeneity among studies in rates of decline of ART adherence over time: Results from the MACH14 study

Objective— To use electronic drug monitoring to determine if adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy changes over time, whether changes are linear, and how the declines vary by study. Design— We conducted a longitudinal study of pooled data from 11 different studies of HIV infected adults using antiretroviral therapy. The main outcome was antiretroviral therapy adherence (percent of prescribed doses taken) measured by electronic drug monitoring. We Corresponding
Air-Sea CO 2 fluxes in the Atlantic as measured during boreal spring and autumn

Abstract. A total of fourteen hydrographic cruises from 2000 to 2008 were conducted during the spring and autumn seasons between Spain and the Southern Ocean under the framework of the Spanish research project FICARAM. The underway measurements were processed and analysed to describe the meridional air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) in the covered sector of the Atlantic Ocean. The data has been grouped into different biogeochemical oceanographic provinces based on thermohaline characteristics. The spatial and temporal distributions of FCO2 followed expected distributions and annual trends reproducing the recent climatological ΔfCO2 estimations with a mean difference of −3 ± 18 μatm (Takahashi et al., 2009). The reduction in the CO2 saturation along the meridional FICARAM cruises represented an increase of 0.02 ± 0.14 mol m−2 yr−1 in the ocean uptake of atmospheric CO2. The subtropical waters in both Hemispheres acted as a sink of atmospheric CO2 during the successive spring seasons and as a source in autumn. The coarse reduction of the ocean uptake of atmospheric CO2 observed in the North Atlantic Ocean was linked to conditions of negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation that prevailed during the FICARAM period. Surface waters in the North Equatorial Counter Current revealed a significant long-term decrease of sea surface salinity of −0.16 ± 0.01 yr−1 coinciding with a declination of −3.5 ± 0.9 μatm yr−1 in the air–sea disequilibrium of CO2 fugacity and a rise of oceanic CO2 uptake of −0.09 ± 0.03 mol m−2 yr−1. The largest CO2 source was located in the equatorial upwelling system. These tropical waters that reached emissions of 0.7 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.7 mol m−2 y−1 in spring and autumn, respectively, showed an interannual warming of 0.11 ± 0.03 °C yr−1 and a wind speed decrease of −0.58 ± 0.14 m s−1 yr−1 in spring cruises which suggest the weakening of upwelling events associated with warm El Nino – Southern Oscillation episodes. Contrary the surface waters of the Patagonian Sea behaved as an intense sink of CO2 in March and November. The oceanic waters of the convergence of Falkland and Brazil Currents showed the strongest CO2 absorption with a rate of −5.4 ± 3.6 mol m−2 yr−1 in November. The Southern Oceans sampled in the Drake Passage behave as an average uptake rate of −1.1 ± 0.9 mol m−2 yr−1 while the distal shelf of the Livingston Island acted as a slight source of CO2 to the atmosphere.
The orientation system and migration pattern of long-distance migrants: conflict between model predictions and observed patterns

The requirements of the orientation system of naive long-distance night migrants were analysed by comparing data on Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria, Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris and Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata with data from a computer model of a clock-and-compass system. These species show, respectively, a rather restricted winter distribution in East Africa, migration through a very narrow corridor in East Africa, and rather widely distributed recoveries in the Mediterranean with more concentrated recoveries south of the Sahara. For all three species, to obtain the observed concentrations either a very high directional migratory concentration was needed in computer simulations to bring the birds successfully to their wintering areas or misorientating individuals would be subjected to a very high mortality. Neither the very high directional concentration nor the high mortality amongst misorientating individuals fit the empirical data sets. On the basis of the present study, the observed patterns seem difficult to explain by a simple clock-and-compass system only, and to account for the exceptionally precise migratory routes shown in this study it is proposed that first-time migrants might be able to use landscape topography on a regional scale in combination with corrections of directional mistakes/wind displacements.
The role of the Hardy type inequalities in the theory of function spaces

We illustrate the crucial importance of the Hardy type inequalities in the study of function spaces, especially of fractional regularity. Immediate applications include Sobolev and Morrey type embeddings, and properties of the superposition operator $f\mapsto \Phi\circ f$. Another fundamental consequence is the trace theory of weighted Sobolev spaces. In turn, weighted Sobolev spaces are useful in the regularity theory of the superposition operators. More involved applications, that we present in the final section, are related to Sobolev spaces of maps with values into manifolds.
CONTINUOUS APPROXIMATION OF THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF A DISCONTINUOUS SYSTEM

ации в государстве и регионе. Кроме традиционного анализа состояния экономики региона, необходимо проведение достаточно глубоких региональных маркетинговых исследований как состояния рынков продукции и услуг, производимых в регионе, так и их импорта (в том числе и межрегионального). Поскольку потребность всегда превышает спрос, количество потребителей различного вида услуг значительно больше числа способных оплатить рыночную их цену. То есть, речь идет о вовлечении в потребление данного продукта участников нерыночного сектора эко-номики, основная функция которого «…заключается в производстве благ в ситуации заве-домого превышения «цены предложения» над «ценой спроса» [2]. Учитывая обусловленную данным фактом существующую непривлекательность указанного нерыночного сегмента для частных компаний и, соответственно, отсутствие какого-либо значимого опыта функциони-рования предприятий сферы услуг, можно констатировать наличие, с одной стороны, потреб-ностей, а с другой – отсутствие адекватных форм их удовлетворения. Выходом из создавшейся ситуации может стать разработка специального механизма вза-имодействия основных участников нерыночных отношений, обеспечивающего интеграцию частного сектора экономики в указанную сферу с одной стороны, и проникновение участни-ков нерыночных отношений в рыночные с другой. ЛИтеРАтУРА1. Васильев Г. А. , Деева е. М. Управленческое консультирование: Учеб. пособие. М. : ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2004.2. Мамедов О. Ю. Смешанная экономика. Двухсекторная модель. Элективное пособие для сту-дентов, магистрантов и аспирантов экономических специальностей. Ростов н/Д. : Феникс, 2001.3. Попов В. М. , Ляпунов С. И. , Филиппов В. В. , Медведев Г. В. Современные бизнес-технологии. М. : Кнорус, 2006. ТорГАЯн е. е.
Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in caves of the Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

The present paper deals with the phlebotomine species captured during the period from January 1998 to June 2000 in 12 caves located in the Serra da Bodoquena, situated in the south central region of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Three of the caves are situated further north (in Bodoquena county), seven in the central area (Bonito county) and two in the south (Jardim county). These last two caves and three of those in Bonito are located at the west side of the ridge. Eighteen species of phlebotomines were captured within the caves: Brumptomyia avellari (Costa Lima, 1932), Brumptomyia brumpti (Larrousse, 1920), Brumptomyia cunhai (Mangabeira, 1942), Brumptomyia galindoi (Fairchild & Hertig, 1947), Evandromyia corumbaensis (Galati, Nunes, Oshiro & Rego, 1989), Lutzomyia almerioi Galati & Nunes, 1999, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), Martinsmyia oliveirai (Martins, Falcao & Silva, 1970), Micropygomyia acanthopharynx (Martins, Falcao & Silva, 1962), Micropygomyia peresi (Mangabeira, 1942), Micropygomyia quinquefer (Dyar, 1929), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939), Psathyromyia campograndensis (Oliveira, Andrade-Filho, Falcao & Brazil, 2001), Psathyromyia punctigeniculata (Floch & Abonnenc, 1944), Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar, 1929), Pintomyia kuscheli (Le Pont, Martinez, Torrez-Espejo & Dujardin, 1998), Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927) and Sciopemyia sp. A total of 29,599 phlebotomine sandflies was obtained. Lutzomyia almerioi was absolutely predominant (91.5%) over the other species on both sides of the Bodoquena ridge, with the exception of the southern caves in which it was absent. It presents summer predominance, with nocturnal and diurnal activities. The species breeds in the caves and was captured during daytime both in the dark area and in the mouth of the caves. Martinsmyia oliveirai, the second most frequent sandfly, also presents a summer peak and only predominated over the other species in one cave, in which there were human residues.0
Effect of lactic acid on the meat quality properties and the taste of pork Serratus ventralis muscle

In this work was evaluated the effect of lactic acid treatment method in pork Serratus ventralis muscle on meat quality parameters pH, color, weight loss, cooking loss, hardness, and taste. The treatment was performed by immersing the sample in lactic acid solutions at two concentrations (1 and 3% v v -1 ) for 1 and 3 min., immediately the samples were stored at 4 °C during 7 days. The taste was evaluated employing trained and untrained judges. Only hardness, weight loss and cooking loss, were affected by lactic acid concentration ( p <0.05). The perception of lactic acid taste to trained judges was higher in samples of major concentration and immersion time. To untrained judges the sample treated with 3% lactic acid for 1 minute, had the best acceptation. Both judges reported that the taste of meat was delicious. Therefore, lactic acid treatment may be an alternative to extend pork shelf life.
The Vulnerable Are Not (Necessarily) the Poor

In this paper I examine the concept of "vulnerability" within the context of income mobility of the poor. While the concept of poverty is well developed, the concept of vulnerability is less established in the economic literature. I test for the dynamics of vulnerable households in the UK using Waves 1 - 12 of the British Household Panel Survey and find that, of three different types of risks for which I test, household-specific shocks and economy-wide aggregate shocks have the greatest impact on consumption, in comparison to shocks to the income stream. I find vulnerable households up to at least 10 percentile points above the poverty line. Savings and earnings from a second job are not significantly associated with smoothing consumption of all vulnerable households. The results strongly indicate that income transfers and benefits assist the vulnerable in smoothing consumption. Thus, traditional poverty alleviating policies are not likely to assist the vulnerable.
Microphysical implications of cloud‐precipitation covariance derived from satellite remote sensing

Covariance between cloud and precipitation water in shallow marine boundary layer clouds is assessed using collocated satellite observations from CloudSat and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) at spatial scales typical of global models. An analytic construct is presented, which suggests that global models that do not take subgrid scale cloud‐precipitation covariance into account in their microphysical parameterizations may significantly underestimate grid mean microphysical process rates in warm clouds. The proposed framework indicates a mean bias in autoconversion rates of 129% when subgrid scale cloud water variability is neglected and bias in accretion rates of 60% when subgrid cloud‐precipitation covariability is neglected at a model grid resolution of 141 km. The bias in accretion rate is dependent on the significant correlation (ρ) found between cloud and precipitation, which in the global mean is found to be ρ = 0.44. The regional distribution of the process rate biases is largely governed by the spatial pattern of cloud water variance. Specific areas of low cloud water variance are found in the subtropical eastern ocean basins and the high latitudes, whereas much of the tropics display relatively larger cloud water variance. These regional distinctions in cloud water variance are associated with commensurate regionality in the process rate biases. The magnitude of the bias has a scale dependence that is governed by the spatial scaling behavior of the cloud and precipitation variances, which follow a power law scaling with exponent of 2/3 at scales below about 10 km and decreasing exponent above this length scale. While the parametric framework reduces biases in the accretion rate estimated from the grid‐mean values of cloud and precipitation water, it is shown that it still undercorrects the accretion rate because it neglects the fact that the precipitation fractional area is less than the cloud fractional area and is preferentially colocated with the highest cloud water concentrations. These results imply that (1) predicting the appropriate balance of autoconversion to accretion in global models requires not only the subgrid scale cloud water variability but also the subgrid scale covariability of cloud and precipitation water and (2) the ability of a global model to calculate the correct regional variation in process rates depends crucially on the fidelity of that model to predict or diagnose the spatial distribution of the variance in cloud water.
A Diagnostic Study of the Difficulties of Using Web Based Instruction (WBI) at College Level.

The aim of this study is to diagnose the difficulties and discouraging factors impinging upon the use of distance education practically Web Based Instruction (WBI) by students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. 442 students from seven university colleges interested in WBI were asked about how far a set of factors outlined in the study discourage them from the use of distance education in general and web-based instruction (WBI) in particular as a supplement to the traditional classroom lecture/lab approach. Apparently if such difficulties or discouraging factors are neutralized, the students will be better motivated to use distance education and web-based instruction. The research used questionnaires to determine the influence of the factors in question upon student's use of distance education and (WBI). The major findings of the study indicate that the difficulties or factors discouraging students from using distance education and (WBI) were negatively correlated with technology skills and use. the participants have good to very good computer and Internet skills. Thus, it was found that the computer and Internet skills and use were correlated with age, the technology skills and use were correlated with gender, and the technology skills and use correlated with colleges.
The Role of Maternal Interpersonal Relation Satisfaction in the Relationship between Conflicted Teacher-Child Relationship and Negative Peer Interaction Quality in Young Children

Abstract The effects of conflicted teacher-child relation on conflicted or passive peer interaction and a moderation effect of mothers’ interpersonal relation satisfaction on the associations were assessed. Children from 2- to 6-year-olds (184 girls, 185 boys) mostly from middle socioeconomic-status urban community in Korea and their teachers and mothers participated. Conflicted teacher-child relation predicted conflicted peer interaction but not passive peer interaction. Children, whose relationship with teachers were conflicted, engaged in conflicted play with peers more often than children who were in less conflicted relationship with the teachers. Teachers who were in conflicted relationship with the children, perceived the children having conflicted interaction with peers more often, if mothers of the children were less satisfying in relationship with significant others, especially boys. Children, whose mothers are in less satisfying interpersonal relation with others, were more passive in peer interaction than children whose mothers are in more satisfying interpersonal relationship.
Emerging Petroleum-Oriented Nanotechnologies for Reservoir Engineering

This research principally differs from other works as (for the first time with respect to petroleum resources) it utilizes nanotechnological methods, approaches and models devised for other industrial applications (e.g. for microelectronics and biotechnology). The specifics of petroleum were accounted for by development of new experimental techniques, particularly sensitive to properties of petroleum nanocolloids.
Long-Run Risk is the Worst-Case Scenario

We study an investor who is unsure of the dynamics of the economy. Not only are parameters unknown, but the investor does not even know what order model to estimate. She estimates her consumption process nonparametrically – allowing potentially infinite-order dynamics – and prices assets using a pessimistic model that minimizes lifetime utility subject to a constraint on statistical plausibility. The equilibrium is exactly solvable and we show that the pricing model always includes long-run risks. With risk aversion of 4.7, the model matches major facts about asset prices, consumption, and dividends. The paper provides a novel link between ambiguity aversion and non-parametric estimation.
Relevant Educational Qualifications for Entrepreneurship Lecturers in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs): A study of HLIs in Malaysia and Nigeria

Entrepreneurship education has gained an important role in the eyes of both policy makers, as well as researchers across the globe. The effects of the sudden growth can be felt through the increasing support provided by governments especially in the higher learning institutions. This recent rapid growth and development in entrepreneurship courses and programs may be due to the belief that the entrepreneurial competencies required for successful venturing can be taught, or at the very least enhanced by entrepreneurial education and learning. Despite the monumental international growth of the discipline over the last three decades, no significant empirical work has been conducted on the lecturers‟ relevant educational qualifications necessary for effective teaching of entrepreneurship courses. This study is therefore, aimed at identifying the most relevant educational qualifications needed by lecturers teaching entrepreneurship courses in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) for both Malaysia and Nigeria. The data was collected through quantitative research approach using a structured questionnaire developed from extensive literature, involving five (5) point Likert Scale.
COMMENTS ON CONVERGENCE PROPERTIES OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF COMPUTED DYNAMIC MODELS

We show by counterexample that Proposition 2 in Fernandez-Villaverde, Rubio-RamIrez, and Santos (Econometrica (2006), 74, 93-119) is false. We also show that even if their Proposition 2 were corrected, it would be irrelevant for parameter estimates. As a more constructive contribution, we consider the effects of approximation error on parameter estimation, and conclude that second order approximation errors in the policy function have at most second order effects on parameter estimates. Copyright 2009 The Econometric Society.
Beating a Dead Dodo Bird: Looking at Signal vs. Noise in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders

The present qualitative and quantitative review examines the efficacy of CBT versus non-CBT treatments for anxiety disorders and suggests that a prior failure (Baardseth et al., 2013, p. 395) to detect differences in outcome can easily be attributed to excessive error variance in the analysis, essentially burying the “signal” under “noise. ” Several sources of error variance are identified, including type of comparison therapy, diagnosis, what outcome is being measured, and study quality. It is suggested that the “signal” of CBT versus other psychotherapies can easily be seen or not seen, depending on what one chooses to analyze. Recommendations are made for further study about the relative efficacy of different psychological treatments.