Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foundations of Finance

Financial Management Foundations Of Finance Theory. Foundations Of Finance Vitalsource. Foundations Of Finance Amsterdam Institute Of Finance. Ib132 Foundations Of Finance. Foundations Of Finance Uq Edu Au. 9780130179814 Foundations Of Finance The Logic And. Foundations Of Finance Amsterdam Institute Of Finance. Foundations Of Finance Brg Business Transformation. Foundations Of Finance The Final Exam. Foundations Of Finance Google Books. Introduction Foundations Of Finance And Accounting. Foundations Of Finance Edition 9 By Arthur J Keown. Foundations Of Finance. Foundations Of Finance The Logic And Practice Of Finance. Foundations Of Finance Course Accounting Amp Banking. Foundations Of Finance Math Problem Example Topics And. Foundations Of Finance Global Edition Arthurkeown. Foundations Of Finance Essay 357 Words. Giddy Nyu Foundations Of Finance Course. Foundations Of Finance Global Edition Ebook
Learning-by-importing in emerging innovation systems: evidence from Ecuador

ABSTRACT Using data from the population of Ecuadorian importers, we examine the extent to which the characteristics of their imports relate to their labor productivity. Results indicate that the technological intensity of imports does not explain differences in labor productivity, although the region of origin of imports explains differences in the manufacturing sector, as imported technologies from advanced regions are associated with superior labor productivity. Nevertheless, as technology intensive imports are not associated with superior performance, we argue that importers from developing countries may use foreign technology inexpertly due to the lack of absorptive capacity and the emerging nature of their national innovation system.
[Influence of co-stimulatory molecules B7-H4 expression on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer treated with cytokine-induced killer cells adoptive immunotherapy].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of co-stimulatory molecules B7-H4 expression on prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated by cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) adoptive immunotherapy. METHODS Clinical data of 156 cases of gastric cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into chemotherapy group(n=81) and chemotherapy combined with CIK cell therapy group(n=75). B7-H4 expression was detected in the surgical specimens of gastric cancer patients by immunohistochemistry assay. Disease-free survival was compared between the chemotherapy group and the CIK group at different expression levels of B7-H4. RESULTS The difference was not statistically significant in all clinical and pathological data between the chemotherapy group and the CIK treatment group (P>0.05). The postoperative median tumor-free survival in two groups was 18.0 and 45.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=11.631, P=0.001). The postoperative median survival time was 27.0 and 49.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=10.907, P=0.001). In 86 patients with low B7-H4 expression, the median tumor-free survival time was 32.0 and 62.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=4.663,P=0.03). In 70 patients with high B7-H4 expression, the median tumor-free survival time was 11.0 and 18.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=11.971, P=0.001). CONCLUSION The median tumor-free survival time of patients with gastric cancer may be further improved by chemotherapy combined with CIK cell therapy, regardless of the level of B7-H4 expression.
Is cognitive–behavioural therapy more effective than relaxation therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders? A meta-analysis

Abstract Background It is not clear whether relaxation therapies are more or less effective than cognitive and behavioural therapies in the treatment of anxiety. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of relaxation techniques compared to cognitive and behavioural therapies in reducing anxiety symptoms, and whether they have comparable efficacy across disorders. Method We conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies (2801 patients) comparing relaxation training with cognitive and behavioural treatments of anxiety. Results The overall effect size (ES) across all anxiety outcomes, with only one combined ES in each study, was g = −0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.41 to −0.13], favouring cognitive and behavioural therapies (number needed to treat = 6.61). However, no significant difference between relaxation and cognitive and behavioural therapies was found for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias (considering social anxiety and specific phobias separately). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 52; 95% CI = 33–65). The ES was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), hours of cognitive and/or behavioural therapy (p = 0.015), quality of intervention (p = 0.007), relaxation treatment format (p < 0.001) and type of disorder (p = 0.008), explaining an 82% of variance. Conclusions Relaxation seems to be less effective than cognitive and behavioural therapies in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder and it might also be less effective at 1-year follow-up for panic, but there is no evidence that it is less effective for other anxiety disorders.
The American Way of Empire

45 In 1884–85 representatives of the major European powers met in Berlin. The topic was empire. Great Britain, France, and Germany agreed on ground rules for their great game. They negotiated a blueprint for carving up Africa among themselves, an agreement that, along with new technologies of violence, medicine, and communication, accelerated their imperial expansion and tightened control over their colonies. Between the Berlin meetings and the world war, nearly a quarter million square miles were added each year to empires worldwide. The United States was invited to Berlin (probably because of its interest in Liberia, founded by the American Colonization Society in 1821), and it sent a representative but refused to be a signatory to the final agreement. The reasons derived in part from the legacy of Washington’s warning about entangling alliances, and also from a widely held belief, sometimes loudly broadcast, that America’s republican institutions were a standing rebuke to Europe’s corrupt politics and imperial pretensions. Histories of the United States and Europe have largely accepted this American pretension. An essential part of American national identity is based on difference, on a tendency to define America as distinct from, even separate from, all that is foreign, whether Europe or those parts of the world Americans unself-consciously called “uncivilized” or “savage. ” American republicanism and Protestant Christianity, they thought, were the keynotes of their distinctiveness, as was their rejection of imperial ambitions. One could argue—and I will—that here they were indulging in a semantic sleight of hand. It is true and important that with the unhappy exception of the annexation of the Philippines and the somewhat more successful instance of Puerto Rico at the end of the wars of 1898, the United States did not formally colonize any overseas territories. That differentiates it from the European powers and Japan, but it does not close the question. U.S. citizens avidly acquired an entire continent, and they did it through conquest; meanwhile, they developed and militarily defended an overseas empire based on trade and finance. It has been said that the United States was an empire without being imperial. In eschewing territorial control and favoring an empire of commerce and finance, the United States was perhaps prescient. Certainly it helped to shape the global economy and culture that it dominated for most of the twentieth century. The American way of empire raised fewer moral issues than did the European empires—though moral questions there were, and they were revelatory ones. It has been difficult for Americans to recognize their continental expansion as an empire, especially when ethnocentric assumptions obscure the presence of Native Thomas Bender is a professor of history and University Professor of the Humanities at New York University, and the author or editor of more than a dozen books on American culture.
Increased Expression of ALDH1A1 in Prostate Cancer is Correlated With Tumor Aggressiveness: A Tissue Microarray Study of Iranian Patients

Introduction: Subpopulations of prostate cancer (PCa) cells expressing putative stem cell markers possess the ability to promote tumor growth, maintenance, and progression. This study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns and clinical significance of putative stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH1A1) in prostate tumor tissues. Materials and Methods: ALDH1A1 expression was examined in a well-defined series of prostate tissues, including 105 (68%) samples of PCa, 21 (13%) samples of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and 31 (19%) samples of benign prostate hyperplasia, which were embedded in tissue microarray blocks. The correlation of ALDH1A1 expression with clinicopathologic parameters was also assessed. Results: There was a significant difference between the expression level of ALDH1A1 in PCa compared with the high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and benign prostate hyperplasia samples (P<0.001). PCa cells expressing ALDH1A1 were more often seen in samples with advanced Gleason score (P=0.05) and high serum prostate specific antigen level (P=0.02). In addition, a positive correlation was found between ALDH1A1 expression and primary tumor stage and regional lymph node involvement (P=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: The significant association between ALDH1A1 expressions with Gleason score indicates the potential role of this protein in PCa tumorigenesis and aggressive behavior; therefore, this cancer stem cell marker can be used as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of PCa, especially those with high Gleason score.
Outcome of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients Treated by Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide: A Long-Term Analysis

Aims and background Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The standard treatment is surgery and radiotherapy. In this study, the results of radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide are reported. In addition, the efficiency of adjuvant temozolomide is evaluated. Methods and study design Forty-one patients were analyzed. All patients received radiotherapy (2 Gy daily fractionation dose, median 60 Gy total doses) and concomitant temozolomide (at a daily dose of 75 mg/m2/day, 7 days per week) after surgery. Thirty-one patients received an average of 6 cycles (range, 1–8 cycles) of adjuvant temozolomide after radiotherapy, every 28 days for 5 days at a dose of 200 mg/m2/day. The primary end point was overall survival. Results The median overall survival was 16.7 months. The overall survival significantly increased in the adjuvant temozolomide group compared to the group with no adjuvant therapy (18.9 vs 9.8 months). The difference in overall survival between adjuvant temozolomide cycles of ≤ and >3 was significant (8.7 vs 20 months). On multivariate analyses, the important prognostic factors were type of surgery and application of adjuvant temozolomide for at least 4 cycles. Grade III/IV toxicity was seen in 4% and 6.5% of patients during concomitant and adjuvant therapy, respectively. Conclusions The study confirmed the effectiveness of radiotherapy plus temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. It was established that the application of adjuvant temozolomide for at least 4 cycles is required to obtain a benefit from adjuvant therapy. However, further studies are needed to confirm these data.
Undergraduate Research Supervision in Social Studies and Religious Education: The Case of Primary Colleges of Education in Botswana.

This paper explored the myriad problems associated with undergraduate research supervision in social studies and religious education using one of the primary Colleges of Education near Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana as a case study. The study applied qualitative research involving interviews and focus group interviews to solicit information from eight college lecturers and ten final year stu- dents doing research in Religious Education and Social Studies. The respondents were purposively se- lected on the basis that they would provide rich data on the supervision of research projects. Additional information was generated through document and content analysis. The findings revealed that supervi- sors and student teachers at undergraduate level experience a large array of problems related to re- search capacity. The students, for example lacked presentation skills which has resulted in failure to present original work. There is also evidence of a relatively inadequate supervisory skills by college lecturers in terms of executing their supervision duties. The study concludes by calling for both super- visors and their supervisees to consider undergraduate research as a two-way process which requires expertise and adequate skills.
Democracy, gender quotas, and political recruitment in Mexico

Do male and female legislators have different qualifications, experience, and backgrounds? If so, what are the main differences and what explains these differences? Are women more likely to rely on personal connections? Are well qualified women routinely passed over in favor of similarly qualified men? Do gender quotas and transitions to multiparty democracy affect the recruitment patterns of men and women? Do gender quotas lead to the recruitment of less qualified women? This article attempts to explain how informal gendered selection norms change over time using detailed data from over 500 Mexican Senators since 1964. The data provide evidence of discrimination in that to be successful, female senators need to have more legislative experience and more party experience than male senators. We also find evidence that traditional gender roles lead women to follow different paths to power. After the transition to democracy and the implementation of gender quotas, the importance of local legislative experience increased, discrimination against female aspirants declined, and a more diverse group of women entered the Senate. Our data show that women are no more likely than men to rely on personal connections to get into power.
Extensive Diversification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype B Strains during Dual Infection of a Chimpanzee That Progressed to AIDS

ABSTRACT A chimpanzee (C-499) infected for more than 9 years with two subtype B isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), one (HIV-1SF2) that replicates poorly and one (HIV-1LAV-1b) that replicates efficiently in chimpanzees, died of AIDS 11 years after initial infection (F. J. Novembre et al., J. Virol. 71:4086–4091, 1997). Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the C2 to V5 region of env(C2-V5 env ) in proviral DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained 22 months before death revealed two distinct virus populations. One of these populations appeared to be a recombinant in env, having the V3 loop from HIV-1SF2 and the V4-V5 region from HIV-1LAV-1b; the other population had evolved from HIV-1LAV-1b. In addition to C2-V5 env , the entire p17 gag and nef genes were sequenced; however, based on nucleotide sequences and phlyogeny, whether the progenitor of the p17 gag andnef genes was SF2 or LAV-1b could not be determined. Compared to the two original viruses, the divergence of all clones of C2-V5 env ranged from 9.37 to 20.2%, that of p17 gag ranged from 3.11 to 9.29%, and that ofnef ranged from 4.02 to 7.9%. In contrast, compared to the maximum variation of 20.2% in C2-V5 env for C-499, the maximum diversities in C2-V5 env in proviruses from two chimpanzees infected with HIV-1LAV-1bfor 9 and 10 years were 9.65 and 2.48%, respectively. These results demonstrate that (i) two distinct HIV-1 populations can coexist and undergo extensive diversification in chimpanzees with progressive HIV-1-induced disease and (ii) recombination between two subtype B strains occurred even though the second strain was inoculated 15 months after the first one. Furthermore, evaluation of env genes from three chimpanzees infected with the same strain suggests that the magnitude of HIV-1 diversification could be related to higher viral burdens, manifestations of disease, and/or dual infection.
Ultramicroscopy of bone at oral implant sites: a comparison of ED and control patients. Part 1-defining the protocol.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a protocol to analyze the microstructure of mandibular and maxillary bone in association with implant placement in ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and anodontia conditions compared to patients not suffering from such conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was not additionally invasive, since the bone harvesting was completed at the time and site of implant placement. Bone samples were allocated into two groups (ED and control patients) and specified by the site of bone harvesting. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 5-Μm resolution was conducted on each bone sample. Computer analysis applying specialized CT analysis and software allowed evaluation of the three-dimensional microstructure of alveolar and basal bone samples for comparison of structural parameters. RESULTS Ten bone samples (five alveolar and five basal) were harvested. Preliminary data confirmed the structural features and significant differences between alveolar and basal bone. Basal bone had greater absolute and percent bone volume, greater bone surface, and a lower trabecular bone pattern factor than alveolar bone. CONCLUSION Preliminary data were derived from bone harvested from both the maxilla and mandible of control patients, while bone samples from ED patients were harvested from only the anterior mandible. Further bone samples will provide more data on whether broader areas of bone harvesting, age, or sex affect the quality and quantity of the bone and influence implant treatment outcomes.
Episcleritis and scleritis

Sir William Read, Royal Ophthalmologist during the reign of Queen Anne (1702-17I4), who incidentally was unable to read or write (Guthrie, 1958), gave a choice description of the dangers of perforation in deep scleritis: 'For it is most certain that this horny membrane . by how much deeper the blister is hidden in the membrane . in danger to make an ulceration by breaking through the membrane, whereupon may ensue an utter loss and decay of all the humours'. Further documentation of the sequelae of scleral inflammation awaited a further century for the description of staphylomata by Scarpa (i8i8), who described two cases of posterior staphylomata found at necropsy. Mackenzie (I830) attributed scleritis to atmospheric conditions and suggested the term 'sclerotitis atmospherica' or 'rheumatic ophthalmia'. Later Mackenzie (I854) was to suggest the name 'sclerotitis idiopathica'. Wolfe (I882), lecturing to the students of Anderson College, Glasgow, used the currently accepted nomenclature of episcleritis and scleritis. The later terminology has been excellently recorded by Sevel (I967). Earlier authors often associated inflammation of the sclera with rheumatic disease (Mackenzie, I830; Littell, I840; Wolfe, I882; von Arlt, i885). Besides 'rheumatism', scleritis was attributed to gout (Cleobury, i826; Walton, I875), mercury poisoning (Morgan, I839), venereal disease, particularly syphilis (Morgan, I839; von Arlt, I885); scrofula (Mackenzie, I854); excessive exposure to varying atmospheric conditions (Mackenzie, I830; de Schweinitz, I899), and menstrual derangement (de Schweinitz, I899). The most consistent systemic disorder associated with episcleritis and scleritis, particularly the latter, is rheumatoid arthritis (Van der Hoeve, 1934; Verhoeff and King, 1938; Smoleroff, 1943; Edstrom and Osterlind, I948; Mundy, Howard, Stillman, and Bevans, 1951; Hollenhorst and Henderson, I951; Watson and Lobascher, I965; Watson, I966; Lyne and Pitkeathly, I968; Fowler, 1970;
Global patterns of diversification in the history of modern amphibians

The fossil record of modern amphibians (frogs, salamanders, and caecilians) provides no evidence for major extinction or radiation episodes throughout most of the Mesozoic and early Tertiary. However, long-term gradual diversification is difficult to reconcile with the sensitivity of present-day amphibian faunas to rapid ecological changes and the incidence of similar environmental perturbations in the past that have been associated with high turnover rates in other land vertebrates. To provide a comprehensive overview of the history of amphibian diversification, we constructed a phylogenetic timetree based on a multigene data set of 3.75 kb for 171 species. Our analyses reveal several episodes of accelerated amphibian diversification, which do not fit models of gradual lineage accumulation. Global turning points in the phylogenetic and ecological diversification occurred after the end-Permian mass extinction and in the late Cretaceous. Fluctuations in amphibian diversification show strong temporal correlation with turnover rates in amniotes and the rise of angiosperm-dominated forests. Approximately 86% of modern frog species and >81% of salamander species descended from only five ancestral lineages that produced major radiations in the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. This proportionally late accumulation of extant lineage diversity contrasts with the long evolutionary history of amphibians but is in line with the Tertiary increase in fossil abundance toward the present.
Pomalidomide therapy for myeloma

Introduction: The Office of National Statistics (London, UK) has reported 4040 new patients in the year 2007, with an annual age standardized incidence rate of 4.8 per 100,000 population (range 4.7 – 5.0). Overall survival (OS) in the last decade has improved from 2 – 3 years to 7 – 8 years in the UK. The introduction of IMids for the treatment of myeloma has had a significant impact on outcomes in this life-threatening disease. Areas covered: Pomalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, is a promising anti-myeloma agent with encouraging responses in relapsed/refractory myeloma patients. Pomalidomide has a potent anti-myeloma activity in vitro and in vivo, acting both directly on myeloma cells and on the cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. We have reviewed the chemistry and mechanisms of action of pomalidomide and the literature on pre-clinical and early Phase I and II clinical trials that demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in the relapsed setting and in lenalidomide refractory myeloma patients. Expert opinion: Pomalidomide has shown significant activity in relapsed/refractory disease and is now being taken into Phase III trials in combination with dexamethasone. The exact place of pomalidomide in the management of myeloma, however, is evolving as more clinical experience is gained with this agent and further data published from clinical trials.