Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microalgae Distribution and Diversity in the Narmada River Basin around Chutka, Madhya Pradesh, India

The nutritional needs and ecological niche in food webs make microalgae as unique indicators for providing practical information of ecosystem condition. The present study aims to evaluate microalgae distribution and diversity in relation to physicochemical parameters of Narmada River basin around Chutka, a proposed place for nuclear power plant installation in Madhya Pradesh, India. Microalgae number was highest in pre-monsoon followed by the summer season and reduced in monsoon as well as in winter season. The seasonal alteration in water parameters markedly influenced microalgae abundance and diversity. Fifty-four genera belonged to five significant classes in microalgae were recorded in the Narmada River at different sampling sites under study. The successive pattern of microalgae was Chlorophyceae>Cyanophyceae>Bacillariophyceae> Euglenophyceae. Shannon diversity indices varied seasonally, and the values indicated the ecosystem was moderately polluted during monsoon and winter, while highly polluted in the summer and post-monsoon. The present study reveals continuous deterioration in the habitat parameters and microalgae diversity due to various anthropogenic activities in the area of study. K e y w o r d s
Production Forest with Plantation Forest Folk (Hutan Tanaman Rakyat) Policy in Indonesia

The three issues above are rooted in the low productivity of production forest in Plantation Forest Folk. It’s evident in the realization of 26.06% licensed forest while the remaining 73.94% hasn’t been licensed. From the licensed forest, only.40% has been realized (cultivated), while 92.60% hasn’t been realized. The aim of this research is to explain the production forest with Plantation Forest Folk (Hutan Tanaman Rakyat or HTR) in Indonesia. The population in this study was all regencies which implement HTR development in Indonesia. The population size was 127 regencies. Using Slovin formula with 10% error rate in precision, a sample size 50 regencies was collected to be used for data analysis in this study. Data analysis technique used is Generalized Structural Component Analysis (GSCA). The analysis result in the previous part shows that Transglobal Leadership Intelligence has direct effect on Transglobal Leadership Behavior, Community Empowerment, Good Governance-based Forest Management, but no direct effect on Forest Productivity. It was also evident that Transglobal Leadership Behavior had direct influence on Community Empowerment, Good Governance-based Forest Management, but no direct effect on Forest Productivity. On the other hand, Community Empowerment and Good Governance-based Forest Management had direct effect on Forest Productivity. The research findings presented shows that (1) Transglobal Leadership Intelligence didn’t have direct effect on Forest Productivity, but it had indirect effect through the mediation of Forest Productivity and Good Governance-based Forest Management, (2) Transglobal Leadership Behavior didn’t have direct effect on Forest Productivity, but it had indirect effect through the mediation of Forest Productivity and Good Governance-based Forest Management.
Glutamine as A Therapeutic Strategy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Glutamine is a non-essential L-α-amino acid – a polar compound due to the presence of amide groups. It is involved in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier, acting on gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, oxidative action, and regulation of the immune system. Due to its importance to the endothelium, glutamine has been the subject of studies for the protection and preservation of the intestinal mucosa against atrophy, which is caused by inflammatory bowel disease. Objective: To verify the efficacy of glutamine in inflammatory bowel disease based on a systematic review. Methods: The most relevant studies in the MedLine databases were reviewed by including randomized controlled trials only. The search strategy used the following keyword combinations: “glutamine”; “inflammatory bowel disease”. To identify study designs, the following terms were used: “randomized controlled trial”, “humans”. Results: The scope of this review included six articles with controversies regarding the efficacy of glutamine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Each study used different dosages, methods of administration and duration of administration. Conclusion: According to the results, we concluded that glutamine supplementation in inflammatory bowel diseases does not cause patients any harm. Additionally, both intestinal permeability and modulation of immune and inflammatory response were improved, thus confirming the efficacy of glutamine in inflammatory bowel disease. Although these strategies are very promising and appear to be useful in some contexts, further clinical studies are needed to firmly establish the relevance of glutamine supplementation in inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage, duration, route and method of administration for better use of this amino acid by the enterocytes and for maintaining homeostasis.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION FROM PRICKLY PEAR (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA) SEEDS VIA ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED TECHNIQUE

Optimal conditions of total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) from Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) seeds using ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and response surface methodology (RSM) were investigated. The Box– Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables: acetone concentration (40-80%), ultrasonic time (5-15 min) and sonication amplitude (40-100%). The experimental values of TPC and AA under the optimal conditions were 4.70± 0.13 mg GAE/g DW and 2.15±0.02 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis in optimized conditions revealed the presence of 10 and 9 phenolic compounds respectively, which were then identified and quantified. The effect of optimum extraction conditions using USAE on cell surface changes of OFI seeds powder was observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Effect of Couette Type of Shear Flow by Rotating Disk on Migration of Cell

An experimental system with a rotating disk has been designed to apply wall shear stresses on the cell during incubation in Couette type of flow at the microscopic observation in vitro. The rotating disk system is mounted on the stage of an inverted phase contrast microscope to observe cells adhered on the plate under the shear flow (shear stress lower than 1.5 Pa). The migration of cells was evaluated at the time lapse images (every five minutes for 24 hours). The experiments on four kinds of cells show the following results. Under the shear flow (shear stress < 1.0 Pa), C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) migrates to the diagonal direction of the stream-line at 1.0 Pa, HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) actively migrates at random at 1 Pa, 3T3-L1 (mouse fat precursor cells) migrates to the random direction, and L929 (fibroblast connective tissue) migrates in short distance. At 1.5 Pa, both C2C12 and HUVEC migrate to the downstream. The effect of shear flow on migration of the cell depends on kinds of cells. The designed system is useful to trace cells under the quantitatively controlled wall shear stresses.
Cumulative Score Based on Preoperative Fibrinogen and Pre-albumin Could Predict Long-term Survival for Patients with Resectable Gastric Cancer

Background: To investigate the prognostic significance of the cumulative score based on preoperative fibrinogen and pre-albumin (FP score) in patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy. Methods: Baseline characteristics, preoperative fibrinogen and pre-albumin levels were retrospectively reviewed in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy. The optimal cut-off values for fibrinogen and pre-albumin were defined as 4.0 g/L and 230.0 mg/L, respectively. Patients with elevated fibrinogen (≥ 4.0 g/L) and decreased pre-albumin (< 230.0 mg/L) levels were allocated an FP score of 2, those with only one of these two abnormalities were assigned a score of 1, and those with neither of the two abnormalities were allocated a score of 0. The prognostic value was examined by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results: The preoperative FP score was significantly correlated with age, tumor size, fibrinogen level, pre-albumin level and white blood cell count. No significant differences based on sex, tumor location, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node status, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage or adjuvant chemotherapy were identified between the groups. In addition, univariate survival analysis revealed that a high preoperative FP score was significantly associated with unfavorable disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR), 1.482; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.222-1.796; P < 0.001] and overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.623; 95% CI, 1.315-2.002; P < 0.001). Moreover, after adjusting for other factors, a high preoperative FP score remained an independent predictor for impaired DFS (HR, 1.434; 95% CI, 1.177-1.747; P < 0.001) and OS (HR, 1.413; 95% CI, 1.136-1.758; P = 0.002) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusions: The preoperative FP score significantly predicts long-term survival for gastric cancer patients who have undergone radical gastrectomy.
Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well

A clutter tracking and cancelling system, for use in a MTI radar system, comprising an auxiliary channel consisting primarily of a phase detector and a canceller. The phase detector provides an output which represents the phase difference between the IF and the coho output, while the output of the canceller, which responds to the phase detector output, represents clutter MTI residue from one transmission to the next. Clutter MTI residue from several successive range bins is smoothed and integrated to provide a control output which is used to shift the phase of the coho frequency, which is supplied to the phase detector in the conventional main MTI channel, to set the mean clutter velocity at zero velocity in order to produce optimum clutter cancellation in the main MTI channel.
A health economic analysis of clinical islet transplantation

Beckwith J, Nyman JA, Flanagan B, Schrover R, Schuurman H‐J. A health economic analysis of clinical islet transplantation. Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 23–33. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Implant Complications in 20 Triple Pelvic Osteotomies

Summary In 12 dogs with hip dysplasia, 20 triple pelvic osteotomies (eight bilateral and four unilateral) were performed. Screw loosening, occurring in six of 12 dogs (seven of 20 osteotomies), was the most common complication after surgery. Implants loosened from the cranial ilium in six hemipelvises (30%) and from both fragments in one hemipelvis, two to six weeks (mean — three) after the operation. Medial acetabular displace-ment caused pelvic narrowing (6 to 9%, mean = 8%) in three of four dogs. Medial ischial displacement decreased pelvic diameter (11 to 21%, mean = 17%) in four of seven osteotomies. All of the dogs with implant failure were treated conservatively with cage rest and in two cases Ehmer slings were used. Although none were lame, gait abnormalities were evident in three of seven dogs on follow-up examinations four to 12 months (mean = six) later. Screw loosening, occurring in seven of 20 hemipelvises, was the most common postoperative complication associated with triple pelvic osteotomy. Fixation failures were managed conservatively. Despite decreased pelvic diameter in four of seven animals, none were lame or showed signs of pelvic obstruction at follow-up examinations four to 12 months later.
Age at Menarch: Differentials And Determinants

This paper is an attempt to investigate the differentials and determinants of age at menarche according to the characteristics of females. Simple average, univariate as well as multivariate analysis were carried out. A multivariate technique has been utilized to study the effect of various socio-economic variables on the timing of menarche. The data for this study were taken from a sample survey of Palpa and Rupandehi Districts” conducted between January and June 2000. A total of 1258 (including 239 daughters and 1019 mothers) females provided information on the age at menarche. For this study only 239 samples of young girls have been analysed. Mean age at menarche was found about 15 and 14 years for older generation (mothers) and younger generation (their daughters) respectively. A decreased age at menarche was found with the increased level of socio-economic status group of girls. Age at menarche was found higher for girls belonging to nonschooling (15.7 years) as compared to the schooling girls (14.2 years). It was found that the variables ‘socioeconomic status’, and ‘caste/ethnicity’ were the significant determinants for the timing of menarche. A higher risk of getting menarche early was found for high socio-economic status and schooling girls as compared to the low socio-economic and non-schooling, which may be due to nutrition and physical and psychological stress during the early childhood. Key Words: Fertility, Menarche, Differentials, Determinants, Reproductive, Adolescent, Sub-fecundity, Foetal wastage.
The social context of schoolgirl pregnancy in Ghana

Focus-group discussions were held with male and female students to discuss key influences, sexual relationships, condom use and abortion. Our findings suggest that students have a deep respect for their parents, but in practice are more influenced by peers. Most girls had relationships primarily to securing additional resources for their education, but girls who did not need the financial support of boyfriends to continue in school also entered into sex-exchange relationships. Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) were not taken seriously and modern contraceptives were dismissed. In relationships, girls were prevented from controlling their sexual health and resorted commonly to the use of traditional abortifacients. We conclude that reducing the cost of schooling for girls would reduce their need to enter into high-risk relationships, more work needs to be conducted to empower girls to negotiate their sexual rights to ensure a transition to safer sexual behaviour.
Continuing EduCation

Nurses provide the majority of health care in sub-Saharan Africa, which has high rates of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This systematic review used PRISMA methodology to synthesize the literature published between January 2008 and December 2018 examining the occupational health of nurses practicing in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The United States’ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s Hierarchy of Controls is used to frame the findings. This research was mostly conducted in Nigeria and Ghana and focused on administrative controls. Nurses practicing in ECOWAS are at high risk of acquiring a bloodborne illness due to inadequate engineering and administrative controls, as well as limited access to personal protective equipment (PPE). These findings indicate interventions to improve these controls would likely lower the occupational risks faced by nurses practicing in ECOWAS. Research in more countries in ECOWAS would likely find differences in occupational health practices in Nigeria and Ghana, which are relatively wealthy, and other countries in the region. This literature showed nurses practicing in ECOWAS did not have adequate protection from biological hazards. Regional health groups, such as the West African Health Organization, should commit to improving occupational health practice. Needle recapping and double gloving must be discontinued, and PPE must be made more widely available in ECOWAS. Occupational health professionals in the region should advocate for better distribution of PPE and consider offering trainings on these behaviors.
EnBrace HR for Depression Treatment and Prevention in Women Trying to Conceive and Early Pregnancy

Historically, pregnancy has been viewed as a protective time with respect to risk for psychiatric illnesses such as MDD. This assumption has resulted in a lack of prospective systematic investigations on the subject of acute treatment and prevention of MDD while women are planning to conceive and during pregnancy. Contrary to previous assumptions, recent large-scale studies demonstrate that new onset and recurrence of depressive episodes occur commonly during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The current standard of treatment for recurrent MDD is maintenance antidepressant (AD) therapy(1). These guidelines are derived from the high risk of recurrence among patients who discontinue maintenance AD therapy. Although ADs are frequently used during pregnancy, concerns remain regarding a spectrum of adverse outcomes associated with fetal exposure to these medications including: increased risk for teratogenicity, compromised obstetrical outcomes, and a variety of negative neonatal clinical syndromes(2). Given these concerns, reproductive age women treated with ADs frequently elect to discontinue their medications proximate to pregnancy or immediately after becoming pregnant despite the known increased risk for relapse or recurrence. Women who experience depressive episodes during pregnancy or while trying to conceive often forgo antidepressant use. With the exception of observational data that demonstrate that women who discontinue medication around the time of conception are at high risk of recurrence, no previous studies are available to inform clinical treatment regarding medication discontinuation for a planned pregnancy(3).
Barriers and Incentives to Orphan Care in a Time of AIDS and Economic Crisis

ABSTRACT Background: Africa is in an orphan-care crisis. In Zimbabwe, where one-fourth of adults are HIV-positive and one-fifth of children are orphans, AIDS and economic decline are straining society's ability to care for orphans within their extended families. Lack of stable care is putting thousands of children at heightened risk of malnourishment, emotional underdevelopment, illiteracy, poverty, sexual exploitation, and HIV infection, endangering the future health of the society they are expected to sustain. Methods: To explore barriers and possible incentives to orphan care, a quantitative cross-sectional survey in rural eastern Zimbabwe asked 371 adults caring for children, including 212 caring for double orphans, about their well-being, needs, resources, and perceptions and experiences of orphan care. Results: Survey responses indicate that: (1) foster caregivers are disproportionately female, older, poor, and without a spouse; (2) 98% of non-foster caregivers are willing to foster orphans, many from outside their kinship network; (3) poverty is the primary barrier to fostering; (4) financial, physical, and emotional stress levels are high among current and potential fosterers; (5) financial need may be greatest in single-orphan AIDS-impoverished households; and (6) struggling families lack external support. Conclusions: Incentives for sustainable orphan care should focus on financial assistance, starting with free schooling, and development of community mechanisms to identify and support children in need, to evaluate and strengthen families' capacity to provide orphan care, and to initiate and support placement outside the family when necessary.
Non-invasive quantification of lactate in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) samples

Continuous measurement of lactate levels in the blood is a prerequisite in intensive care patients who are susceptible to sepsis due to their suppressed immune system and increased metabolic demand. Currently, there exists no noninvasive tool for continuous measurement of lactate in clinical practice. The current mode of measurement is based on arterial blood gas analyzers which require sampling of arterial blood. In this work, we propose the use of Near Infra-Red (NIR) spectroscopy together with multivariate models as a means to non-invasively predict the concentration of lactate in the blood. As the first step towards this objective, we examined the possibility of accurately predicting concentrations of sodium lactate (NaLac) from the NIR spectra of 37 isotonic phosphate buffer saline (PBS) samples containing NaLac ranging from 0 to 20 mmol/L. NIR spectra of PBS samples were collected using the Lambda 1050 dual beam spectrometer over a spectral range of 800 2600 nm with a quartz cell of 1 mm optical path. Estimates and calibration of the lactate concentration with the NIR spectra were made using Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation on filtered spectra. The regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.977 and a standard error of 0.89 mmol/L between the predicted and prepared samples. The results suggest that NIR spectroscopy together with multivariate models can be a valuable tool for non-invasive assessment of blood lactate concentrations.