Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal learning from visual and remotely sensed data

Dushyant Rao, BE (Hons 1) BSc, MSc Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sydney July 2016 Multimodal learning from visual and remotely sensed data Autonomous vehicles are often deployed to perform exploration and monitoring missions in unseen environments. In such applications, there is often a compromise between the information richness and the acquisition cost of different sensor modalities. Visual data is usually very information-rich, but requires in-situ acquisition with the robot. In contrast, remotely sensed data has a larger range and footprint, and may be available prior to a mission. In order to effectively and efficiently explore and monitor the environment, it is critical to make use of all of the sensory information available to the robot. One important application is the use of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to survey the ocean floor. AUVs can take high resolution in-situ photographs of the sea floor, which can be used to classify different regions into various habitat classes that summarise the observed physical and biological properties. This is known as benthic habitat mapping. However, since AUVs can only image a tiny fraction of the ocean floor, habitat mapping is usually performed with remotely sensed bathymetry (ocean depth) data, obtained from shipborne multibeam sonar. With the recent surge in unsupervised feature learning and deep learning techniques, a number of previous techniques have investigated the concept of multimodal learning : capturing the relationship between different sensor modalities in order to perform classification and other inference tasks. This thesis proposes related techniques for visual and remotely sensed data, applied to the task of autonomous exploration and
Assessment of the level of knowledge of colorectal cancer among public at outpatient clinics in Serdang Hospital: a survey based study.

OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers in the world. In the Asia- Pacific region, it is the fastest emerging gastrointestinal cancer. Level of awareness on CRC warning signs and risk factors in the rural population of Malaysia is reported of very low. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of CRC among the public at medical outpatient clinics in Serdang Hospital. The association between sociodemographic factors with level of knowledge among the respondents was further studied. STUDY DESIGN A study was conducted among the non-CRC patients' relatives accompanying their relatives to the medical outpatient clinics in Serdang Hospital from 1st April to 31st August 2016. The study was carried out with cluster sampling method. METHODS The respondents were assessed using validated and modified Cancer Awareness Measures (CAM) questionnaire consists of three parts which are knowledge on warning signs, knowledge on risk factors and sociodemographic factors. All data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. RESULTS Altogether 308 subjects completed the questionnaires. It was shown high percentage of good knowledge for warning signs and risk factors of CRC among the respondents. A significant association between age groups and level of income with level of knowledge on warning signs was observed. CONCLUSIONS The level of knowledge of CRC among the general public in Serdang Hospital was sufficient. The respondents with higher income or younger age had higher level of knowledge regarding CRC.
Pretreatment plasma folate modulates the pharmacodynamic effect of high-dose methotrexate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: "folate overrescue" concept revisited.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the influence of pretreatment plasma folate concentrations on methotrexate exposure in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate, we assessed time profiles of plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B(12) concentrations in children treated with high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue. METHODS We analyzed 98 treatment courses. The study endpoints were to determine how methotrexate exposure is related to homocysteine accumulation and whether it is influenced by pretreatment plasma folate. RESULTS Peak concentrations of homocysteine increased from the start of the intravenous infusion through cessation of methotrexate therapy up to time point t(42), when this trend was reversed by administration of folinic acid. The area under the curve (AUC) for plasma homocysteine showed decreasing course-to-course tendencies with a statistically significant decrease only between courses 1 and 2 (P <or=0.05), indicating decreased whole-body homocysteine accumulation in response to administration of consecutive methotrexate courses. Therapeutic courses with low initial folate concentrations (<or=10 nmol/L) gave significantly higher responses in homocysteine accumulation expressed both as (hcys)AUC(0-66 h) and the peak t(42) homocysteine concentrations than did courses with initial folate >10 nmol/L. Correspondingly, in the courses with low initial folate, peak plasma concentrations of methotrexate were significantly higher than in courses with high precourse concentrations of plasma folate. CONCLUSION Endogenous pretreatment plasma folate modulates the magnitude of the methotrexate effect, providing support for a "folate overrescue" concept.
Remediation of Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Polluted Sites Using Surfactant‐Enhanced Air Sparging and Soil Vapor Extraction

A two‐dimensional laboratory sand tank was installed to study the remediation efficiency of surfactant‐enhanced air sparging(SEAS) coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) in nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) polluted sites. During initial stages of remediation, it was more reasonable to use conventional air sparging coupled with SVE. When most free NAPLs were removed and contaminant removal rate was maintained at a relatively low level, surfactant was added to the groundwater. During enhanced remediation, lower interfacial tension caused residual NAPLs in the porous media to slightly migrate, making the downstream contaminant concentration somewhat higher. The polluted area, however, was not more enlarged than before. The decrease in surface tension resulted in increased air saturation in the groundwater and the extent of the air influence zone. After 310 hours, 78.7% of the initial chlorobenzene mass had volatilized, 3.3% had migrated out of the sand profile, 17.5% was in the vadose zone, and 0.5% remained in the groundwater, thus revealing that SEAS/SVE can effectively improve the remediation of NAPL polluted sites.
Prevalence and variation of underweight and overweight among adult population in Thai Nguyen province of Vietnam

Overweight and obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide both in developed and developing countries. In the United States, obesity increased for both sexes, as well as across ages, and ethnicities [1]. In 2008, 33.9% of American adults was obese and 34.4% was overweight [2]. Moreover in 2010, there was no state in the United States that had a prevalence of obesity less than 20% [3]. In 2010, 18.1% of Canadians aged 18 and older reported height and weight that classified them as obese; in addition, 41.1% men and 27.2% women were overweight [4]. In European countries, the prevalence of obesity was about 10% and the overweight prevalence was 36.6% and 25.6% among men and women [5]. Individuals in the United Kingdom had the highest prevalence of obesity (12%), while Italians, French and Swedes had the lowest levels of obesity (about 7%) [5]. In Asia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were lower than the North of America. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults were 21.51% and 2.92% respectively, with higher prevalence seen in the north than in the south, more in females than in males, and more in older age than in younger [6]. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Thai adults was 31.5% and 7.8% (2003) [7]. In Malaysia, overweight and obesity prevalence were 41.1% and 14.4% (2003) [7].
Reaching Approximate Agreement with Mixed-Mode Faults

In a fault-tolerant distributed system, different non-faulty processes may arrive at different values for a given system parameter. To resolve this disagreement, processes must exchange and vote upon their respective local values. Faulty processes may attempt to inhibit agreement by acting in a malicious or "Byzantine" manner. Approximate agreement defines one form of agreement in which the voted values obtained by the non-faulty processes need not be identical. Instead, they need only agree to within a predefined tolerance. Approximate agreement can be achieved by a sequence of convergent voting rounds, in which the range of values held by non-faulty processes is reduced in each round. Historically, each new convergent voting algorithm has been accompanied by ad-hoc proofs of its convergence rate and fault-tolerance, using an overly conservative fault model in which all faults exhibit worst-case Byzantine behavior. This paper presents a general method to quickly determine convergence rate and fault-tolerance for any member of a broad family of convergent voting algorithms. This method is developed under a realistic mixed-mode fault model comprised of asymmetric, symmetric, and benign fault modes. These results are employed to more accurately analyze the properties of several existing voting algorithms, to derive a sub-family of optimal mixed-mode voting algorithms, and to quickly determine the properties of proposed new voting algorithms. >
Manual and Automated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): A Comparison of Associated Injury Patterns ,

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare patterns of trauma associated with AutoPulse® CPR and manual CPR. Finalized autopsy records from 175 decedents brought to the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences were reviewed, 87 received manual‐only CPR, and 88 received AutoPulse® CPR (in combination with manual CPR as per standard protocol). The characteristic pattern observed in manual‐only CPR use included a high frequency of anterior rib fractures, sternal fractures, and midline chest abrasions along the sternum. The characteristic pattern observed in AutoPulse® CPR use included a high frequency of posterior rib fractures, skin abrasions located along the anterolateral chest and shoulder, vertebral fractures, and a few cases of visceral injuries including liver lacerations, splenic lacerations, and hemoperitoneum. Knowledge of the AutoPulse® CPR injury pattern can help forensic pathologists differentiate therapeutic from inflicted injuries and therefore avoid an erroneous assessment of cause and manner of death.
Immunohistochemical study of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal cancer. Correlation with plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels

Using peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) method, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was demonstrated in conventionally processed colorectal cancer tissues. A new immunohistochemical grading for colorectal cancers based on the mode of the localization was made in an attempt to clarify the factors responsible for elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients. Most of the patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma, in which CEA was densely distributed along the apical surface but only rarely present along the basolateral surfaces of the carcinoma cells, had very low levels of plasma CEA, whereas all patients showing CEA distribution in the stroma as well as over the entire surfaces of the cancer cells and their cytoplasm showed high plasma CEA levels. In addition, there was a good correlation between the grading and presence of the blood vessel and lymphatic invasions. Thus, the appearance of CEA in the surrounding stroma, due to abnormal distribution of CEA on the basolateral plasma membrane of cancer cells, may play a significant role in the elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients.
Partial discharge diagnostics — Critical steps towards on-line monitoring

For many decades the measurement of partial discharges (PD) in electrical apparatus has been used to detect insulation faults and hence to ensure reliable operation of high voltage assets. Whereas PD measurements used to be performed in factory or off-line only, there is now a strong trend to apply the technique also on-line. We have now reached a stage where PD measurement and analysis are proposed more and more as tools to ensure reliability of the modern (smart) grids. In this paper, developments in on-line monitoring of PD will be described and the important steps in performing such on line measurements will be identified. Further, the benefits are shown of implementing this technique for smart grid reliability.
The rose petal effect and the modes of superhydrophobicity

The wetting of rough surfaces remains a subject of active investigation by scientists. The contact angle (CA) is a traditional parameter used to characterize the hydrophobicity/philicity of a solid surface. However, it was found recently that high CAs can coexist with strong adhesion between water and a solid surface in the case of the so-called ‘rose petal effect’. Several additional parameters have been proposed to characterize the interaction of water with a rough solid surface, including the CA hysteresis, the ability of water droplets to bounce off a solid surface, the tilt angle needed to initiate the flow of a droplet, and the normal and shear adhesion. It is clear now that wetting is not characterized by a single parameter, since several modes or regimes of wetting of a rough surface can exist, including the Wenzel, Cassie, lotus and petal. Understanding the wetting of rough surfaces is important in order to design non-adhesive surfaces for various applications.
Desenlaces clínicos de sujetos con infección crónica por Trypanosoma cruzi tratados o no con agentes tripanocidas. Un metaanálisis de estudios observacionales

Resumen Introduccion: Los ensayos clinicos aleatorizados (ECA)que evaluan la terapia tripanocida (TT) en sujetos cronicamente infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi no registran desenlaces clinicos. Los estudios observacionales(EOBS) constituiran una alternativa para informar las decisiones clinicas. [Villar JC. Desenlaces clinicos de sujetos con infeccion cronica por Trypanosoma cruzi tratados o no con agentes tripanocidas. Un metaanalisis de estudios observacionales. MedUNAB 2002; 5(15):166-73]. Palabras clave: Enfermedad de chagas, tratamiento; metaanalisis.
Concatenation Analyses in the Presence of Incomplete Lineage Sorting

Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), modelled by the multi-species coalescent, is a process that results in a gene tree being different from the species tree. Because ILS is expected to occur for at least some loci within genome-scale analyses, the evaluation of species tree estimation methods in the presence of ILS is of great interest. Performance on simulated and biological data have suggested that concatenation analyses can result in the wrong tree with high support under some conditions, and a recent theoretical result by Roch and Steel proved that concatenation using unpartitioned maximum likelihood analysis can be statistically inconsistent in the presence of ILS. In this study, we survey the major species tree estimation methods, including the newly proposed “statistical binning” methods, and discuss their theoretical properties. We also note that there are two interpretations of the term “statistical consistency”, and discuss the theoretical results proven under both interpretations.
A Patient Follow-up Program for Short-Term Surgical Mission Trips to a Developing Country.

BACKGROUND We describe a follow-up program for patients undergoing surgical procedures with documented results from short-term surgical mission trips to the developing world. The surgical procedures were all performed at a government hospital in Pucallpa, Peru, a remote city in the Amazon. METHODS Between July 2007 and January 2012, ten surgical mission trips were completed with a mean time of six days on location and a mean number of 2.3 surgeons (range, two to five surgeons) per trip. A Peruvian general surgeon conducted postoperative visits at time intervals of two to four weeks, five to sixteen weeks, four to seven months, and eight to twelve months. Each visit included the completion of a patient outcome form, radiographs, and functional range-of-motion photographs. Patient demographic characteristics; type of surgical procedure; completed follow-up; complications including infection, malunion, or nonunion; and clinical results were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 127 patients eligible for analysis, twenty-three patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a follow-up rate of 81.9% (104 of 127 patients). Patients were predominantly male (63.5%) and had a mean age of 37.0 years (range, ten months to 93.4 years). The mean length of follow-up was 11.8 months, with a mean number of 3.7 postoperative encounters. Orthopaedic trauma fixation was the predominant surgical procedure (57%), with forty-two procedures (40%) being open reduction and internal fixation. In the 104 patients, successful wound-healing occurred in 101 (97%) and 100 (96%) had a functional outcome deemed to be good or fair by the in-country physician. The infection rate was 2.9% (three patients), with 97% (fifty-seven of fifty-nine) of fractures united. There was one nerve injury in a pediatric patient treated for supracondylar humeral malunion, and two cases of prominent implant necessitating removal. The mean direct cost of the follow-up program was $20,041 in U.S. dollars per year. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to develop a sustainable surgical patient follow-up program with robust results and to achieve acceptable outcomes for orthopaedic conditions, even in an austere medical environment.
Dynamic learning, pricing, and ordering by a censored newsvendor

We address the problem of determining optimal ordering and pricing policies in a finite‐horizon newsvendor model with unobservable lost sales. The demand distribution is price‐dependent and involves unknown parameters. We consider both the cases of perishable and nonperishable inventory. A very general class of demand functions is studied in this paper. We derive the optimal ordering and pricing policies as unique functions of the stocking factor (which is a linear transformation of the safety factor). An important expression is obtained for the marginal expected value of information. As a consequence, we show when lost sales are unobservable, with perishable inventory the optimal stocking factor is always at least as large as the one given by the single‐period model; however, if inventory is nonperishable, this result holds only under a strong condition. This expression also helps to explain why the optimal stocking factor of a period may not increase with the length of the problem. We compare this behavior with that of a full information model. We further examine the implications of the results to the special cases when demand uncertainty is described by additive and multiplicative models. For the additive case, we show that if demand is censored, the optimal policy is to order more as well as charge higher retail prices when compared to the policies in the single‐period model and the full information model. We also compare the optimal and myopic policies for the additive and multiplicative models. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Propolis or cashew and castor oils effects on composition of Longissimus muscle of crossbred bulls finished in feedlot

The natural additive products (propolis or essential oils), in replacing antibiotics, could be used as an alternative for feed strategies to improve animal production. This work was performed to evaluate the effect of natural additives as propolis or essential oils on meat quality of crossbred (Aberdeen Angus vs. Nellore) bulls. Thirty bulls were kept in feedlot (individual pen) for 55 d and randomly assigned to one of three diets (n = 10): control (CON), propolis (PRO), or essential oils (OIL). CON diet consists of corn silage (45% DM) and concentrate (cracked corn, soybean meal, glycerin, limestone, and mineral salt, 55% DM). The PRO group received same CON diet plus 3 g animal-1 d-1 of propolis premix added to the concentrate. The OIL group received same CON diet and 3 g animal-1 d-1 of a premix (cashew Anacardium occidentale L. and castor Ricinus communis L. oils) added to the concentrate. Fat thickness (5.0 mm), pH (5.9), Longissimus muscle area 58.0 cm2, marbling, texture, color (L* = 36.6, a* = 17.3, and b* = 5.9), lipid oxidation (0.08 malonaldehyde kg-1 meat), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (3.3 kg) were unaffected by the diet. PRO and OIL diets had no effect neither on moisture (73.7%), ashes (1.1%), protein (23.8%), and lipids (1.7%), fatty acid composition or polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/ SFA, 0.13), and n-6/n-3 ratio (6.9) on Longissimus muscle. Addition of natural additives as propolis extract or cashew and castor oils in the diet of bulls when they are finished in a feedlot did not change meat qualities.
Ischial Apophysiolysis (IAL) Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Ischial apophysiolysis (IAL) is a rare traumatic lesion. It gives little disability and has come to be of diagnostic interest to orthopaedic surgeons only recently. In general, 19th century authors who described epiphysial separations did not suspect the occurrence of IAL. In an extensive study of epiphysial separations, published in 1834, Rognetta45 stated that the epiphysis of the ischial tuberosity could be detached only with great difficulty. Though including a thorough review of the literature, he did not describe any particular case. Nélaton37 in 1869, doubted that any epiphysis of the bones of the trunk could become separated. However, one of the cases mentioned by Malgaigne27 was probably the first case of IAL on record. In 1847, he collected from the literature 6 fractures of the ischium, of which Percy's case was apparently an IAL. The patient fell on the buttock from horseback. After the acute stage had subsided and the ischial tuberosity was examined, “the cartilaginous crust” which covered it appeared to have been detached from the underlying bone. (“Comme si la croûte cartilagineuse qui la revêt eût été décollée de l'os”). 27 In 1898, Poland39 referred to Parker, who had noted a case of separation of the epiphysis of the tuber ischii associated with suppuration following a kick. He also stated that he had seen a similar case following direct violence.The first 2 cases reported in full were those of Berry2 in 1912 and Milch32 in 1926. However, it was not until recently that this condition was considered to be a definite clinical and roentgenographic entity.33, 34, 35The following case is interesting, since it occurred in a patient who was able to describe her trauma accurately. The injury was unusually severe and was rarely described as such in the literature.
A multi-step electromechanical /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ converter for micro-g capacitive accelerometers

A multi-step electromechanical /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator for /spl mu/g accelerometers is described. A two-element sensor array is used in two /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ loops and resolution improves by >2x compared to a conventional 2nd-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. This CMOS chip operates at 1 MHz and provides 0.2-1.2V/pF sensitivity, <20aF resolution, >120dB dynamic range, and dissipates <12mW.