Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lacunar infarction in the very old

The characteristics of lacunar infarction in patients aged 80 years and more (very old patients, VOP) are poorly studied, and it is difficult to define the mechanism of stroke in VOP. Purpose. To evaluate whether risk factors, coexisting causes of stroke, clinical features in VOP with first lacunar infarction differ from those in patients aged 45–79 years (younger patients, YP). Methods. We studied 102 VOP with first lacunar infarction and compared them with 612 YP. Results. VOP with presumed small vessel disease infarction had a lower frequency of male sex, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and family history of stroke or heart disease than YP, independently of coexisting sources of embolism. While a potential cardiac source of embolism was more frequent in VOP than in YP (29.4% vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001), the frequency of concomitant large vessel disease did not differ between the two groups (7.2% vs. 5.9%, p > 0.05). <50% ICA (internal carotid artery) stenosis was an independent predictor for “pure” small vessel disease infarction in both age groups. The association between diabetes and “pure” small vessel disease, seen in YP, failed in the VOP group. The VOP group with “pure” small vessel disease showed a higher frequency of immediately stabilized neurologic deficit than did the YP group (80.3% vs. 68.4%, p = 0.047). Conclusions. The age-related risk factors show that small vessel disease infarction in VOP more frequently shares the features that are common for large vessel disease than in YP. The clinical picture suggests a higher frequency of small vessel disease in VOP compared to YP with small vessel disease and coexisting cardioembolic source.
Differential Behavioral Responses of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Modulate Mortality Caused by Pyrethroid-Treated Bednets

ABSTRACT Direct observations of individual Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) females fleetingly but repeatedly alighting on pyrethroid-treated fabric of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) fitted over a human hand proved that onset of behavioral effects modulated mortality. For Olyset Net, containing 1,000 mg of permethrin per m2, mosquitoes reduced landing attempts and elevated frequency of flight within 3 min. This kinetic disengagement resulted in little mortality. In contrast, mosquito landing attempts on PermaNet (containing 55 mg of deltamethrin per m2) were sustained for up to 6 min before disengagement, and mortality was a frequent outcome. The likely disengagement mechanism was loss of response to host cues, which was restored within 24 h. We conclude that optimal LLIN formulations should maximize engagement so as to maximize mortality.
Characteristics of Fugitive Dust Generated from Unpaved Mine Haulage Roads

Fugitive dust is generated along unpaved mine roads from intermittent equipment traffic. Typically, the majority of such traffic consists of trucks hauling either mine product or waste from the surface mine pit and/or the processing plant. Fugitive dust generated along these unpaved mine roads includes particles of all sizes which become airborne. The potential hazards include the deleterious effects to human health of inhaled dust, traffic visibility hazards and environmental impacts on the localized area by the larger-sized visible airborne dust. Two field surveys were recently conducted to quantify fugitive dust generation and dispersion from truck traffic on unpaved and untreated mine haulage roads. For these surveys, airborne dust sampling was conducted at multiple sampling locations away from an unpaved haulage road at a limestone quarry/plant and at a coal mine preparation plant to measure the size characteristics, concentrations and dispersive behavior of the dust cloud generated from truck traffic. Results show that at least 80% of the airborne dust generated by haul trucks was larger than 10 µm. Airborne respirable, thoracic, and total dust concentrations all decreased and approached background concentrations 30.5 m (100 feet) from the road. This report describes the average and instantaneous peak dust levels that were measured up to 30.5 m (100 feet) from the haulage road.
Assessment of Prognosis in Acute Liver Failure

Determining prognosis in acute liver failure (ALF) is vital to consideration of transplantation for these critically ill patients. Transplanting a likely survivor may be as unfortunate as not transplanting someone whose outcome is very poor. Prognostic scoring systems have largely failed to accurately portray outcomes, partly because the use of transplantation does not allow the true transplant-free outcome to unfold. The King's College Hospital criteria have not proved accurate enough in predicting outcome for those with moderate illness; sensitivity is reasonable while specificity is poor. Use of APACHE II or MELD systems suffers from similar deficiencies. Use of specialized biomarkers such as Gc protein, alpha-fetoprotein, or troponin shows some promise but has not proven effective to date. Considering etiology and coma grade prior to development of scores based on routine or specialized biomarkers may be important. The rapid evolution of ALF as well as the different etiologies encountered may continue to frustrate our efforts to accurately predict outcomes in ALF.
Utilization of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in a medical-surgical ICU.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the utilization of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in a medical-surgical ICU. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A closed (mandatory critical care consult) medical-surgical ICU of a large community teaching hospital. INTERVENTIONS The medical records of consecutive medical-surgical ICU admissions were evaluated by a single investigator during a 3-month period. Risk factors for VTE and the type and timing of VTE prophylaxis were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Of 308 admissions evaluated, 209 were included in the study. VTE prophylaxis was administered within the first 24 h of ICU admission to 179 of the 209 study patients or 86%. Fifty-three percent (n=111) were surgical patients and 47% (n=98) were medical patients. The study patients had an average of 4.4 risk factors for VTE. Thirty study patients (14%) did not receive VTE prophylaxis. CONCLUSION Eighty-six percent of the medical-surgical patients included in this study received VTE prophylaxis. The utilization of VTE prophylaxis described in this study is higher compared to previously published data. The nature of physician coverage in our medical-surgical ICU (closed unit), consistent practice patterns of a designated ICU staff, and a continuing medical education program involving VTE prophylaxis are the factors believed to be responsible for these results.
Impression Formation: A Focus on Others’ Intents

This chapter reviews research on social impression formation, focusing specifically on how social neuroscience has contributed to our understanding of this complex but fundamental social process. For convenience, this review organizes around three different ways that people form impressions of one another: secondhand information (being told about someone), direct behavioral experience (interacting with someone), and appearance (seeing someone’s looks). While the lines between these three information sources often blur, studies focusing on one kind or another have tended to elicit different patterns of neural activity, with the more deliberative tasks involving secondhand information and direct experience most frequently recruiting medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and posterior regions of the superior temporal sulcus (pSTS); and tasks involving more automatic, appearance-based judgments most frequently recruiting the amygdala. The chapter concludes by comparing impression formation and intentional inference, and then discussing their functional relationship.
The mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation system.

NADH:UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE (COMPLEX I) . 1019 Compositio,� of Complex I 1019 Light Absorption and ESR Spectral Properties of Complex I . 1020 Structure of Complex I 1022 Catalytic Properties and Mechanism of Action of Complex I 1022 SUCCINATE:UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE (COMPLEX II) . 1024 Compositio. � and Structure of Complex II . 1025 Light AbsOlption and ESR Spectral Properties of Complex II and SDH. 1026 Catalytic Properties and Mechanism of Action of Complex II and SDH . 1027 UBIQUINOL:CYTOCHROME c OXIDOREDUCTASE (COMPLEX III) . 1030 Composition and Structure of Complex III . 1030 Catalytic Properties and Mechanism of Action of Complex III 1034 FERROCYTOCHROME c:OXYGEN OXIDOREDUCTASE (COMPLEX IV) . 1038 Polypeptide Composition and Structure of Cytochrome c Oxidase . 1038 Prosthetic Groups of Cytochrome c Oxidase . 1042 Catalytic Properties and Mechanism of Action of Cytochrome c Oxidase . 1045 ATP SYNTHASE (COMPLEX V) . 1048 Composition and Structure of ATP Synthase . 1048 Catalytic Properties of ATP Synthase . 1053 Mechanism Of ATP Hydrolysis and Synthesis . 1054
A complex adaptive system may be essential for cumulative modifications in tool design

The cumulative modification of tool designs over time is a crucial development for technological evolution. Cognitive-related prerequisites for this technological capability are innovative behaviour and the faithful inter-generational transmission and maintenance of tool designs by accurate social learning processes. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that a complex of morphological and behavioural adaptations specifically for tool skills is also required. In a novel analysis we compared the tool-associated adaptive patterns in Homo erectus and the New Caledonian crow. Both species provide the most convincing early Homo and nonhuman evidence, respectively, for the making of cumulatively modified tools. We identified probable shared traits in H. erectus and the New Caledonian crow that include morphological adaptations specifically for enhanced tool manipulation and a significant component of daily diet from hunting and/or processing animal food with tools. We propose that a tool-using lifestyle based on animal food that confers a reproductive advantage and evolves enhanced tool manipulation skills, together with appropriate innovative ability and social learning processes, may be essential for cumulative modification of tool designs.
Artificial neural network modeling studies to predict the yield of enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid ester

Marquardt (LM), were used to train ANN. The paper makes a robust comparison of the performances of the above four algorithms employing standard statistical indices. The results showed that the quick propagation algorithm (QP) with 4-9-1 arrangement gave the best performances. The root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and absolute average deviation (AAD) between the actual and predicted yields were determined as 0.0335, 0.9999 and 0.0647 for training set, 0.6279, 0.9961 and 1.4478 for testing set and 0.6626, 0.9488 and 1.0205 for validation set using quick propagation algorithm (QP).
Ca 2 1 -sensing receptor expression and PTHrP secretion in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells

Ca 2 1 -sensing receptor expression and PTHrP secretion in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281: E1267–E1274, 2001. —Prostate cancer metasta-sizes frequently to bone. Elevated extracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca 2 1 ] o ) stimulate parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion from normal and malignant cells, potentially acting via the [Ca 2 1 ] o -sensing receptor (CaR). Because prostate cancers produce PTHrP, if high [Ca 2 1 ] o stimulates PTHrP secretion via the CaR, this could initiate a mechanism whereby osteolysis caused by bony metastases of prostate cancer promotes further bone resorption. We inves-tigated whether the prostate cancer cell lines LnCaP and PC-3 express the CaR and whether polycationic CaR agonists stimulate PTHrP release. Both PC-3 and LnCaP prostate cancer cell lines expressed bona ﬁde CaR transcripts by Northern analysis and RT-PCR and CaR protein by immunocytochemistry and Western analysis. The polycationic CaR agonists [Ca 2 1 ] o , neomycin, and spermine each concentration dependently stimulated PTHrP secretion from PC-3 cells, as measured by immunoradiometric assay, with maximal, 3.2-, 3.6-, and 4.2-fold increases, respectively. In addition, adeno-virus-mediated infection of PC-3 cells with a dominant negative CaR construct attenuated high [Ca 2 1 ] o -evoked PTHrP secretion, further supporting the CaR’s mediatory role in this process. Finally, pretreating PC-3 cells with transforming growth factor (TGF)- b 1 augmented both basal and high [Ca 2 1 ] o -stimulated PTHrP secretion. Thus, in PTHrP-secret-ing prostate cancers metastatic to bone, the CaR could initiate a vicious cycle, whereby PTHrP-induced bone resorption releases [Ca 2 1 ] o and TGF- b stored within bone, further increasing PTHrP release and osteolysis.
Rebound from D-Amphetamine

This experiment involves measurement of direct and delayed effects on mood and performance of single doses of d-amphetamine sulfate. The purpose was to determine whether or not the drug's initial positive effect on some aspects of behavior is followed by a reversal or “rebound” below the placebo baseline even when sleep deprivation is controlled. 43 university students, recruited as paid volunteers, were given 10 mg/77 kg, 15 mg/77 kg, and a placebo (lactose) on three separate occasions in counterbalanced order under double-blind conditions. Behavioral measures and mood self-ratings were obtained on the day of drug ingestion and at intervals on the following day. Measures were selected from those previously established as sensitive to the initial, direct effects of amphetamine. Although strong initial effects were obtained on some of the measures used, subsequent rebound was either slight or nonexistent. Implications and limitations are discussed.
ATP is released from autophagic vesicles to the extracellular space in a VAMP7-dependent manner

Autophagy is a normal degradative pathway that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic components and organelles in a vacuole called autophagosome. SNAREs proteins are key molecules of the vesicle fusion machinery. Our results indicate that in a mammalian tumor cell line a subset of VAMP7 (V-SNARE)-positive vacuoles colocalize with LC3 at the cell periphery (focal adhesions) upon starvation. The re-distribution of VAMP7 positive structures is a microtubule-dependent event, with the participation of the motor protein KIF5 and the RAB7 effector RILP. Interestingly, most of the VAMP7-labeled vesicles were loaded with ATP. Moreover, in cells subjected to starvation, these structures fuse with the plasma membrane to release the nucleotide to the extracellular medium. Summarizing, our results show the molecular components involved in the release of ATP to extracellular space, which is recognized as an important autocrine/paracrine signal molecule that participates in the regulation of several cellular functions such as immunogenicity of cancer cell death or inflammation
Intimate Partner Violence: Associated Factors and Acceptability of Contraception Among the Women

Objective: To determine the prevalence of various types of domestic violence and to find out the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on adoption of contraceptive measures among the women who are victim to this. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Four hundred and one postpartum females were randomly selected over a period of 5 months and were questioned about their age, parity, educational status, occupation, husband's education, monthly family income, and, if present, IPV in detail. These study participants were enquired about their contraceptive knowledge and use. Results: Sexual violence was seen in 38.4% of the cases, physical violence in 22.4% of the cases, and verbal abuse was seen in nearly 32.7% of the cases. In response to any of the three violence faced, only 23 women (11.79%) reacted by discussing with parents and friends. In 4.61% of the cases, the violence was so severe that she had to inform police. This study showed that higher percentage of women without IPV accepted immediate postpartum contraception methods as compared to those with IPV (35.9% vs. 25%, P = 0.023), but the overall frequency of using contraceptive methods was higher in those with IPV as compared to those without IPV (49% vs. 47%, P = 0.690). Conclusion: IPV is associated with increased contraceptive adoption.
Positive selection in the evolution of cancer 409

We hypothesize that forms of antagonistic coevolution have forged strong links between positive selection at the molecular level and increased cancer risk. By this hypothesis, evolutionary conflict between males and females, mothers and foetuses, hosts and parasites, and other parties with divergent fitness interests has led to rapid evolution of genetic systems involved in control over fertilization and cellular resources. The genes involved in such systems promote cancer risk as a secondary effect of their roles in antagonistic coevolution, which generates evolutionary disequilibrium and maladaptation. Evidence from two sources : (1) studies on specific genes, including SPANX cancer/testis antigen genes, several Y-linked genes, the pem homebox gene, centromeric histone genes, the breast cancer gene BRCA1, the angiogenesis gene ANG, cadherin genes, cytochrome P450 genes, and viral oncogenes ; and (2) large-scale database studies of selection on different functional categories of genes, supports our hypothesis. These results have important implications for understanding the evolutionary underpinnings of cancer and the dynamics of antagonistically-coevolving molecular systems.
Normal Canine Prostate Gland: Repeatability, Reproducibility, Observer‐Dependent Variability of Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Prostate in Healthy Intact Beagles

Most prostatic diseases in dogs are associated with prostatomegaly, and transabdominal ultrasonography has become the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the prostate gland in the dog. The aim of the present study was to assess the reproducibility, the repeatability and interobserver variations of sonographic measurements of prostate and to determine which measurement had the lowest variability. Length and height of prostate gland were measured on longitudinal views, width of the prostate gland and height of left and right lobes of the gland on transversal views. The within‐day and between‐day variabilities of the prostatic parameters were determined by performing 1350 (270 length, 270 height, 270 width, 270 height of right lobe and 270 height of left lobe) examinations on ten healthy intact beagle dogs on six different days, in a two‐week period (three days for the five dogs, three different days for the five others). Three observers with different levels of experience in ultrasonography performed the examinations. The lowest within‐day and between‐day standard deviation and coefficient of variation values were observed for the width of the prostate. The width of the gland measured on transverse frozen images seems to be the most reliable measurement for evaluating size of prostate glands in healthy dogs, although the shape, position, outline, and echogenicity of the prostate should also be assessed.
Relationship Power, Sexual Decision Making, and HIV Risk Among Midlife and Older Women

The number of midlife and older women with HIV/AIDS is high and increasing, especially among women of color. This article addresses these demographic realities by reporting on findings about self-esteem, relationship power, and HIV risk from a pilot study of midlife and older women. A purposive sample (N = 110) of ethnically, economically, and educationally diverse women 40 years and older from the Greater Los Angeles Area was surveyed to determine their levels of self-esteem, general relationship power, sexual decision-making power, safer sex behaviors, and HIV knowledge. Women with higher levels of self-esteem exercised greater power in their relationships with their partner. Women with higher levels of general relationship power and self-esteem tend to exercise greater power in sexual decision making, such as having sex and choosing sexual acts. Income and sexual decision-making power were statistically significant in predicting the use of condoms. Implications and recommendations for future HIV/AIDS research and intervention targeting midlife and older women are presented.
MYB, CD117 and SOX‐10 expression in cutaneous adnexal tumors

Elevated MYB expression has been documented in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), cylindroma, and spiradenoma, but the specificity of this finding is unknown. CD117 and SOX‐10 expression also occurs in some cutaneous adnexal tumors. This study assesses MYB, CD117 and SOX‐10 expression in cutaneous adnexal tumors.
Does translation involve structural priming?

When asked to translate utterances, people might merely make sure that their translations have the same meaning as the source, but they might also maintain aspects of sentence form across languages. We report two experiments in which English–German and German–English bilinguals (without specialist translator training) repeated German ditransitive sentences whose meaning was compatible with more than one grammatical form or translated them into English. Participants almost invariably repeated the sentences accurately, thereby retaining the grammatical structure. Importantly, Experiment 1 found that they tended to repeat grammatical form across languages. Experiment 2 included a condition with sentences that had no grammatical equivalent form in English; here participants tended to persist in the order of thematic roles. We argue that cross-linguistic structural priming plays a major role in the act of translation.
Hepatoprotective effects of diethylcarbamazine in acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

This research was carried out to determine a potential role of leukotrienes in the acute hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. An inhibitor of leukotrienes biosynthesis, diethylcarbamazine (DEC, 25 and 50 mg.kg-1 ip) exerted hepatoprotective effects, decreasing the activity of alanine aminotransferase in serum and the concentration of liver triglycerides. DEC reduced histological damage of liver evidenced by electron microscopy. The hepatoprotective effects of DEC were dose-dependent. The results favor the role of leukotrienes in CCl4 hepatotoxicity.