Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT G8.7−0.1

We present a detailed analysis of the GeV gamma-ray emission toward the supernova remnant (SNR) G8.7−0.1 with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. An investigation of the relationship between G8.7−0.1 and the TeV unidentified source HESS J1804−216 provides us with an important clue on diffusion process of cosmic rays if particle acceleration operates in the SNR. The GeV gamma-ray emission is extended with most of the emission in positional coincidence with the SNR G8.7−0.1 and a lesser part located outside the western boundary of G8.7−0.1. The region of the gamma-ray emission overlaps spatially connected molecular clouds, implying a physical connection for the gamma-ray structure. The total gamma-ray spectrum measured with LAT from 200 MeV–100 GeV can be described by a broken power-law function with a break of 2.4 ± 0.6 (stat) ± 1.2 (sys) GeV, and photon indices of 2.10 ± 0.06 (stat) ± 0.10 (sys) below the break and 2.70 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.14 (sys) above the break. Given the spatial association among the gamma rays, the radio emission of G8.7−0.1, and the molecular clouds, the decay of π0s produced by particles accelerated in the SNR and hitting the molecular clouds naturally explains the GeV gamma-ray spectrum. We also find that the GeV morphology is not well represented by the TeV emission from HESS J1804−216 and that the spectrum in the GeV band is not consistent with the extrapolation of the TeV gamma-ray spectrum. The spectral index of the TeV emission is consistent with the particle spectral index predicted by a theory that assumes energy-dependent diffusion of particles accelerated in an SNR. We discuss the possibility that the TeV spectrum originates from the interaction of particles accelerated in G8.7−0.1 with molecular clouds, and we constrain the diffusion coefficient of the particles.
Utility of clinical high‐depth next generation sequencing for somatic variant detection in the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the approach of studying sequence variation, and has been well described in the clinical laboratory setting for the detection of constitutional alterations, as well as somatic tumor‐associated variants. It is increasingly recognized that post‐zygotic somatic alteration can be associated with congenital phenotypic abnormalities. Variation within the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, including PIK3CA, has been described in somatic overgrowth syndromes and vascular malformations. Detection of PIK3CA somatic alteration is challenging because of low variant allele frequency (VAF) along with the need to assay involved tissue, thus necessitating a highly sensitive methodology. Here we describe the utility of target hybrid capture coupled with NGS for the identification of somatic variation in the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) among 14 patients submitted for clinical testing. Assay detection of low allelic fraction variation is coverage dependent with >90% sensitivity at 400× unique read depth for VAF of 10%, and approaching 100% at 1000×. Average read depth among the patient dataset across PIK3CA coding regions was 788.4. The diagnostic yield among this cohort was 71%, including the detection of two PIK3CA alterations novel in the setting of PROS. This report expands the mutational scope and phenotypic attributes of PROS disorders.
International Crisis and the Italian Productive System: An Analysis of Firm-Level Data

This paper examines the impact on the Italian productive system of the recent and severe (the deepest since the Second World War) economic and financial crisis. The picture offered by aggregate national accounts data is supplemented with information at firm level drawn from the Bank of Italy’s annual Survey of Industrial and Service Firms (also known as the Invind Survey) and with the accounts of in-depth interviews that a group of Bank of Italy economists conducted between the end of April and the first ten days of May 2009 with some 70 top managers and executives of Italian firms. The main motivation of this analysis lies in the conviction that the recovery of the Italian economy will depend, more than in the past, on its ability to respond to the heightened competitive pressure in a flexible and innovative way. The rich and heterogeneous set of data and observations collected in this work make it possible, by distinguishing firms by size, sector and propensity to export, to study a wide variety of questions that help sketching a comprehensive picture of the effects of the crisis on the Italian productive system, a crisis that caught it in a phase of deep-going albeit partial restructuring that was beginning to bear fruit. While all firms were heavily hit by the recession those that in the past started to innovate proved more resilient and their experience might point to the right strategy to successfully ri-emerge from the current critical situation.
Using Modeling and Simulation to Predict Operator Performance and Automation-Induced Complacency With Robotic Automation

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a computational model of the automation complacency effect, as operators work on a robotic arm task, supported by three different degrees of automation. Background: Some computational models of complacency in human–automation interaction exist, but those are formed and validated within the context of fairly simplified monitoring failures. This research extends model validation to a much more complex task, so that system designers can establish, without need for human-in-the-loop (HITL) experimentation, merits and shortcomings of different automation degrees. Method: We developed a realistic simulation of a space-based robotic arm task that could be carried out with three different levels of trajectory visualization and execution automation support. Using this simulation, we performed HITL testing. Complacency was induced via several trials of correctly performing automation and then was assessed on trials when automation failed. Following a cognitive task analysis of the robotic arm operation, we developed a multicomponent model of the robotic operator and his or her reliance on automation, based in part on visual scanning. Results: The comparison of model predictions with empirical results revealed that the model accurately predicted routine performance and predicted the responses to these failures after complacency developed. However, the scanning models do not account for the entire attention allocation effects of complacency. Applications: Complacency modeling can provide a useful tool for predicting the effects of different types of imperfect automation. The results from this research suggest that focus should be given to supporting situation awareness in automation development.
The Human IgE Repertoire

IgE is a key mediator in allergic diseases. However, in strong contrast to other antibody isotypes, many details of the composition of the human IgE repertoire are poorly defined. The low levels of human IgE in the circulation and the rarity of IgE-producing B cells are important reasons for this lack of knowledge. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on these repertoires both in terms of their complexity and activity, i.e. knowledge which despite the difficulties encountered when studying the molecular details of human IgE has been acquired in recent years. We also take a look at likely future developments, for instance through improvements in sequencing technology and methodology that allow the isolation of additional allergen-specific human antibodies mimicking IgE, as this certainly will support our understanding of human IgE in the context of human disease in the years to come.
THE INCORPORATION CHOICES OF IPO FIRMS

This article presents the first evidence about the choice of corporate law and the structure of the market for corporate charters at an IPO. Though firms are free to incorporate in any of the 50 states and are said to search for optimal legal rules, they appear to simply make a binary choice: Delaware or their home state. Federalism has thus resulted in a series of local markets with one national producer and not a nationwide market or “race to the top/bottom. ” This pattern raises questions about how firms choose a state of incorporation and suggests that there is a substantial home state advantage (or home bias). I explore reasons for this home bias and report evidence that lawyers play a key role in determining state of incorporation and agency costs may affect the advice they provide. I also examine other factors that affect a firm’s domicile, including variation in state law and firm characteristics. Takeover laws do not appear to be important and there is some mixed evidence that network qualities may matter.
Relationship Marketing: Successful Strategies For The Age Of The Customer

* Marketing is Everything * New Themes for New Marketing * Relationship Marketing: It All Starts with the Customer * Product Positioning: The Holistic Approach * Why Products Succeed: Why They Fail * Market Positioning: Developing Relationships * Communications: From Monologue to Dialogue * Corporate Positioning: Theres Only One Thing that Really Counts * Developing a Strategy: Knowledge Marketing and Experience Marketing * Things that Go Bump in the Night: The Ten Biggest Competitors * The LongRoad to Success: The Macintosh Story * Twenty-First Century Marketing * Test Your Marketing IQ
Consumers’ Attitude Towards Product Placement In Television Programs (Available on Internet)

The practices of product placement have grown rapidly during the past decade. However, our understanding about what consumers think about the practices of product placement has not fully developed, how product placement affect people, as well as factors involved in this process are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of different factors on consumers’ attitude and attitude change towards product placement brands. In addition, the study investigates consumers’ attitude towards product placement practices in television programs. The results indicate that consumers’ attitude towards product placement practices in television programs are generally supportive, although most people hold quite strong views on putting ethically-charged products (i.e. alcohol, cigarettes, and guns) in television programs, especially those can be watched by children and teenagers. In addition, brand consciousness and attitude towards product placement practices in general both have limited influence on consumers’ attitude towards brands that actually placed in programs. However, this study found that watching length affect consumers’ brand attitude changed significantly. And the influence of program characters on consumers’ attitude towards the placed brands cannot be ignored.
A Framework for Management

I. THE ENVIRONMENT OF MANAGING. 1. Managing in the 21st Century. 2. Managing in a Global Environment. 3. Managing in a Cultural and Ethical Environment. II. PLANNING. 4. Making Decisions. 5. Planning and Setting Objectives. 6. Strategic Management. III. ORGANIZING. 7. The Fundamentals of Organizing. 8. Designing Organizations to Manage Change. 9. Staffing the Organization. IV. LEADING. 10. Being a Leader. 11. Motivating Employees Today. 12. Communicating in Today's Organizations. 13. Managing Groups and Teams. 14. Managing Organizational and Cultural Change. V. CONTROLLING. 15. Controlling and Building Commitment. Module A. Operations Control Tools and Information Technology.
INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN TAIWAN AND ASEAN-5 IN THE AGRO-FOOD SECTOR: PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS

This paper attempts to identify the patterns and determinants of the levels of IIT between Taiwan and ASEAN-5 during the past three decades. Our empirical results confirm the belief that IIT between Taiwan and ASEAN-5 in the agro-food sector has been growing over time. Although industry-specific factors like market size and product differentiation have desirable impacts on IIT, taste overlaps do not. No deterministic conclusion can be drawn from the effect of trade liberalization as implied by removing trade barriers when shaping the future development of IIT. However, the indirect effect arising from income and consumer preferences' convergence may be the main determinant in promoting intra-industry agro-food trade among the Asian countries.
Trends in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Anovaginal Colonization in Pregnant Women in 2005 versus 2009

ABSTRACT In 2005, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) anovaginal colonization in pregnant women at our center (Columbia University Medical Center) was 0.5%, and MRSA-colonized women were less likely to carry group B streptococcus (GBS). In this study, our objectives were to identify changing trends in the prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) anovaginal colonization in pregnant women, to assess the association between MRSA and GBS colonization, and to characterize the MRSA strains. From February to July 2009, Lim broths from GBS surveillance samples were cultured for S. aureus. MRSA strains were identified by resistance to cefoxitin and characterized by MicroScan, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin PCR. A total of 2,921 specimens from different patients were analyzed. The prevalences of MSSA, MRSA, and GBS colonization were 11.8%, 0.6% and 23.3%, respectively. GBS colonization was associated with S. aureus colonization (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.5 to 2.4). The frequencies of GBS colonization were similar in MRSA-positive (34.2%) versus MRSA-negative patients (21.8%) (P = 0.4). All MRSA isolates from 2009 and 13/14 isolates from 2005 were SCCmec type IV or V, consistent with community-associated MRSA; 12/18 (2009) and 0/14 (2005) isolates were the USA300 clone. Levofloxacin resistance increased from 14.3% (2005) to 55.6% (2009) (P = 0.028). In conclusion, the prevalence of MRSA anovaginal colonization in pregnant women in New York City, NY, remained stable from 2005 to 2009, and USA300 emerged as the predominant clone with a significant increase in levofloxacin-resistant isolates.
Hypothalamic gray matter volume loss in hypnic headache

Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by strictly nocturnal headache attacks that mostly occur at the same time at night. The pathophysiology of this disease is poorly understood, but hypothalamic involvement was suspected as the hypothalamus represents the cerebral management center of sleep regulation and pain control.
An Iterative Ensemble Kalman Filter

The ensemble Kalman filter is a Monte Carlo method for state estimation of nonlinear models, developed as an alternative or improvement of the extended Kalman filter. In this technical note we introduce an iterative extension to the ensemble Kalman filter. Iterations are introduced to improve the estimates in the cases where the relationship between the model and observations is not linear. The iterations converge, but to a solution where the data are overfitted. An essential stopping criteria is therefore introduced for the proposed method.
Alexithymia: its prevalence and correlates in a British undergraduate sample.

INTRODUCTION Alexithymia is characterized by a difficulty identifying and describing emotional states, as well as an externally oriented thinking style. This study investigated the prevalence of alexithymia in a British undergraduate sample and assesses its relationship to both parental bonding and dissociation. METHOD The Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) were administered to a sample of 181 male and 190 female undergraduate students from both arts and science subjects. RESULTS Rates of alexithymia were comparable with those observed in some other countries. Contrary to predictions, females were found to have higher rates than males, and the highest presence of alexithymia was in female science students. As in previous studies, alexithymia was linked to both dissociation and perceptions of a lack of maternal care, though the degree of association to the latter was small. Dissociative experiences were predicted by both maternal overprotection and difficulties identifying feelings. DISCUSSION Some qualified support was found for the relevance of early maternal bonding to later difficulties processing emotions. The presence of greater alexithymia in females, and female science students in particular, was discussed in reference to similar observations elsewhere. There was also an understandable relationship between 'difficulty identifying feelings' (TAS) and both depersonalization/derealization and absorption (DES).
Photoluminescence of single InAs quantum dots obtained by self-organized growth on GaAs.

We present photoluminescence data on InAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs. Through the reduction of the number of emitting dots in small mesa structures, we evidence narrow lines in the spectra, each associated with a single InAs dot. Beyond the statistical analysis allowed by this technique, our results indicate short capture and relaxation times into the dots. This approach opens the route towards the detailed optical study of high quality easily fabricated single semiconductor quantum dots.
Organizational identification moderates the impact of organizational justice on job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND Few studies concern the moderator effect of organizational identification between organizational justice and job satisfaction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the trilateral relationship among organizational identification, organizational justice and job satisfaction, especially focus on the moderator effect of organizational identification. METHODS 354 staffs completed the measures of organizational justice, organizational identification and job satisfaction. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analysis showed that organizational identification moderated the association between organizational justice and job satisfaction. When staffs reported a low level of organizational identification, those with high organizational justice reported higher scores in job satisfaction than those with low organizational justice. However, the impact of organizational justice on job satisfaction was not significant in high organizational identification group. CONCLUSIONS Organizational identification can significantly moderate the impact of organizational justice on job satisfaction. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.
Information needs, acceptability of risk, trust, and reliance: the case of national predictive services customers

Making complex risk-related decisions involves a degree of uncertainty. How that uncertainty is addressed or presented in reports or data tables can be tailored to meet information users’ needs and preferences. Involving the recipients of risk-related information in the design of information to be delivered (including the types of information delivered, format, and approach to risk) follows Fischoff’s (1995) recommendation for involving the recipients of risk information in the crafting of the risk message. Here, we describe a study conducted with people who use risk-related information. We contacted users and potential users of National Predictive Services, an information clearinghouse for people who work with prescribed and wildland fire. Specifically, this service supplies information to fire managers and associated personnel that will help them make short-term (30-day) decisions regarding fire personnel and resource deployment. Each potential user is a member of the fire-management community, including fire management officers, meteorologists, information officers or public affairs personnel, and members of various fire-management teams. The information users focused on in this study were employed within Federal agencies. Respondents completed a self-administered survey via a Web-based service. Findings examine the types of information users need, preferred formats for information delivery, and the likelihood of applying information from Predictive Services in decisions made about fire. Of interest to this paper’s risk management/ risk communication focus are the reported views on acceptability of risk and tolerance for errors, implications of risk, and trust and confidence in the information delivered through Predictive Services. Barriers and facilitators to utilization of Predictive Services are illuminated.
Making sense of mediated learning in small firms.

In small firm research in particular, a bias still persists in favour of a resourcebased view of knowledge. A social constructionist perspective, however, argues that knowledge creation and learning processes occur instead through continual interaction within a unique social milieu. This paper explores how artefacts mediate these interactions, the types of objects that are used to invoke practices that might encourage transformation, and how artefacts thus act to accelerate learning in particular organizational activities. Understanding is presented of the role of material and symbolic artefacts in the social learning processes of entrepreneurs so that more effective educational and policy interventions can be considered.
Improving approximation by switching between two error functions

The key to designing a LED luminaire is the choice of secondary optics. The design process can be improved using analytical models and optimization tools. A modified approximation error (evaluation function) is introduced in the standard analytical model for spatial light distribution. It shows that the new evaluation function provides better quality and consistency compared to the standard evaluation function, and is a better practical approach to the optimization problem.
Analysis of the Sensory and Hedonic Impacts of Sweet and Bitter Tastes in Perinatally Underfed Rats

Newborn rats discriminate tastes and generate gustofacial response (GFR) because the neuronal substrate is already operating. The oral application of sucrose or quinine hydrochloride produces a specific GFR. We analyzed the effects of perinatal undernutrition on the GFR development of rats at two cue concentrations. In the undernourished group, pregnant dams received different percentages of a balance diet. After birth, prenatally underfed pups continue the undernourishment by remaining for 12 h with a foster dam, and for 12 h with a nipple-ligated mother. Cues were presented as a single droplet of sucrose, sodium chloride, or quinine at low or high concentrations onto the lips at postnatal days (PDs) 1 and 3, and mouth-opening (MOF) and lip-licking frequencies (LLF) were noted. On PD 1 the undernourished group showed smaller MOF increases in response to low salt and quinine stimuli than the controls but no differences at high concentrations. On PD 3, both low and high concentrations of the sucrose and quinine cues significantly increased the MOF in the underfed compared to the control group. Low but not high salt decreased LLF on PD1 in the underfed compared to the control group. On PD 3 the undernourished pups showed significant increases of LLF with low quinine compared with the control rats, but the reverse was observed with high quinine. These data suggest that perinatal undernutrition affects the development of the sensory and hedonic aspects of taste causing changes in GFR expression.