Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth factor receptor-bound protein-7 (Grb7) as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Growth factor receptor-bound protein-7 (Grb7) is an adapter-type signaling protein recruited to various tyrosine kinases, including HER2/neu. Grb7-specific inhibitors are in early development. As with other targeted therapies, response to therapy might be associated with target expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays containing 638 primary breast cancer specimens with 15-year patient follow-up were employed to assess Grb7 expression using our Automated QUantitative Analysis method; cytokeratin defines pixels as breast cancer (tumor mask) within the histospot, and Grb7 expression within the mask is measured with Cy5-conjugated antibodies. RESULTS High Grb7 expression was strongly associated with decreased survival in the entire cohort and in the node-positive subset (P = 0.0034 and P = 0.0019, respectively). On multivariable analysis, it remained an independent prognostic marker (P = 0.01). High Grb7 was strongly associated with high HER2/neu, and coexpression of these molecules was associated with worse prognosis than HER2/neu overexpression alone. CONCLUSIONS High Grb7 defines a subset of breast cancer patients with decreased survival, indicating that Grb7 might be a valuable prognostic marker and drug target. Coexpression with HER2/neu indicates that cotargeting these molecules might be an effective approach for treating HER2/neu-positive breast cancers. Future studies using Grb7-targeting agents should include assessment of Grb7 levels.
RESPIRATION OF COTTONSEED.

Malo wan (12, 13), in an investigation of the chemical and physical changes that take place in cottonseed during storage, observed that when the moisture content of prime cottonseed was artificially raised, its rate of respiration was also increased. When moist seeds which had a high rate of respiration were put in thermally insulated containers, a rise in the temperature of the seeds was noted. The highest temperature observed under Malowan's experimental conditions was 157? F. , although he had noted temperatures up to 175? in carloads of seeds received at oil mills. Bailey and co workers (3, 4, 5) have extensively studied the respiration and storage behavior of cereal grains. Ramstad and Geddes (15) investigated the behavior of soybeans in this respect. Larmour et al. (10) investigated the respiration of sunflower seed and flaxseed. These and other investigations revealed several generalizations which may be recapitulated as follows : 1. Under carefully controlled experimental conditions, the respiration intensity of seeds, as measured by their rate of carbon dioxide production, is a regular function of their moisture content. The curves obtained by plotting respiration intensity against the moisture content of the seeds are logarithmic in character. This relationship between moisture content and respiration intensity holds, however, only when all the experiments are made on samples of the same lot of seeds and when each respiration measurement is made exactly the same length of time after the seeds are conditioned. 2. Broken and shriveled seeds, kernels, and flakes have higher respiration intensities than clean, intact seeds of the same type and moisture content. 3. The rate of respiration of seeds varies with respect to a number of factors, such as length of exposure to moisture, age, variety, conditions of growth, and other indeterminate properties. It is not possible, then, on the basis of moisture content alone, to predict respiration intensity. Similarly, it has been previously shown (8) that it is impossible to predict the rate of free fatty acid production in cottonseed on the basis of moisture content alone.
PRE-EXPOSING CANADA GEESE (BRANTA CANADENSIS) TO A LOW-PATHOGENIC H1N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS PROTECTS THEM AGAINST H5N1 HPAI VIRUS CHALLENGE

Abstract In previous studies we examined the role of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the epidemiology of Eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. To expand on this and better understand how pre-exposure to heterosubtypic low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses might influence the outcome of H5N1 HPAI infection, we pre-exposed naïve juvenile Canada Geese to different North American wild-bird–origin LPAI viruses. We selected H1, H2, and H6 hemagglutinin subtype viruses based on their higher-order evolutionary relatedness to the H5 hemagglutinin. Pre-exposing Canada Geese to either H2N3 or H6N5 viruses did not protect them against a lethal H5N1 HPAI virus challenge. In addition, H5N1 was transmitted to naïve control birds that were placed among both groups resulting in death by 5 days postcontact. In contrast, Canada Geese that were pre-exposed to H1N1 were protected against a lethal H5N1 challenge, shed minimal amounts of the virus into the environment, and did not transmit the infection to naïve contact birds. None of the H1N1, H2N3, or H6N5 pre-exposure sera neutralized H5N1 in vitro; however, sera from H1N1-infected birds reduced virus plaque size but not number when compared with H2N3, H6N5, or negative sera, suggesting that antibodies directed against the neuraminidase may have had a role in the protective effects observed.
Comparative histological and immunohistochemical study of sea star tube feet (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)

Adhesion in sea stars is the function of specialized structures, the tube feet or podia, which are the external appendages of the water‐vascular system. Adhesive secretions allow asteroid tube feet to perform multiple functions. Indeed, according to the sea star species considered, the tube feet may be involved in locomotion, fixation, or burrowing. Different tube foot shapes usually correspond to this variety of function. In this study, we investigated the variability of the morphology of sea star tube feet as well as the variability of the composition of their adhesive secretions. This second aspect was addressed by a comparative immunohistochemical study using antibodies raised against the adhesive material of the forcipulatid Asterias rubens. The tube feet from 14 sea star species representing five orders and 10 families of the Class Asteroidea were examined. The histological study revealed three main tube foot morphotypes, i.e., knob‐ending, simple disc‐ending, and reinforced disc‐ending. Analysis of the results suggests that tube foot morphology is influenced by species habitat, but within limits imposed by the evolutionary lineage. In immunohistochemistry, on the other hand, the results were very homogeneous. In every species investigated there was a very strong immunolabeling of the adhesive cells, independently of the taxon considered, of the tube foot morphotype or function, or of the species habitat. This indicates that the adhesives in all the species considered are closely related, probably sharing many identical molecules or, at least, many identical epitopes on their constituents. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Recoveries of Giant Interneurons in the Early Period after Unilateral Cercal Ablation in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Abstract Wind-sensitive giant interneurons (GIs) in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus show functional recovery after unilateral cercal ablation. Physiological properties such as threshold velocity and response magnitude (number of action potentials elicited) of GIs 8-1, 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 to an air puff stimulus were investigated in crickets reared under the condition that permitted free walking for 6 days after unilateral cercal ablation (“6-day-free” crickets). The results were compared to those previously obtained from crickets 1 day after unilateral cercal ablation (“1-day-free” crickets) to clarify functional changes during an early 5-day period after the sensory deprivation. Each GI showed a large functional change, despite the short period after the ablation. However, the degree of physiological change was different from one GI to another and from one stimulus direction to another. The direction at which the GIs showed physiological change during the 5-day period coincided well with that at which the GIs received excitatory sensory inputs from filiform hairs on the remaining cercus. It seems that the synaptic connection or efficacy between sensory neurons of filiform hairs with particular directionality on the one remaining cercus and GIs increased during the 5-day recovery period.
Analysis and design for discrete-time singular systems with time-delay and actuator saturation by a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function

In this paper, the control problem for discrete-time singular time-delay systems with actuator saturation is considered. Firstly, a sufficient delay-dependent condition, under which such type discrete-time singular system with actuator saturation is regular, causal, and stable, is proposed by a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function. Then, based on the derived condition, the design method of controller is developed by using linear matrix inequalities (LMI) optimization problem without any decompositions of system matrices and equivalent transformation. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
An unmet need for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in New Zealand.

AIMS This study examined the prior history of all patients presenting to the regional ambulance service with community cardiac arrest to determine what proportion of these patients had prior indications for implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed the medical history of all adult patients presenting to our regional ambulance service with cardiac arrest between 1 June 2007 and 31 May 2008 (n= 144). Patients were classified as either not having an ICD indication, having a possible ICD indication, or having an ICD indication by two electrophysiologists. Eighty-seven patients (60%) had no pre-existing indication for an ICD. Twenty-two patients (15%) had a possible indication for an ICD but required further investigation to confirm this. This group consisted of 6 patients (4%) with previously documented left ventricular ejection fraction <35%, but without a measurement in the last 12 months, 14 patients (10%) with heart failure (n= 10) or syncope (n= 4) without appropriate investigations, and 2 patients with an ICD indication but with co-morbidities that required further investigation. Thirty-five patients (24%) had a documented indication for an ICD. In 11 (8%) there was no evidence of a contraindication, in 3 (2%) alternative therapy was judged more appropriate, and in 21 (15%) contraindications to ICD implantation were also present. Addition of the 11 patients with an ICD indication and the 6 patients with a documented indication requiring updated measurement, 17 patients (12%) had a prior documented ICD indication but had not been referred for this therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our observation that 12% of sudden cardiac arrest patients had prior indications for an ICD demonstrates that there is an unmet need for ICDs in New Zealand.
What Determines Commercial Banks' Demand for Reserves in the Interbank Market

In this paper I analyse the determinants of commercial banks' demand for reserves in the interbank market. I first document the pattern in the Eurosystem, where banks deviate from the required reserves balance at the start of the maintenance period only to meet the requirements closer to the settlement day. Using my model I show that this behaviour can be explained by certain trade-related frictions and costs. Examples include potential extra expenses tied to large transactions or the asymmetry between the cost of borrowing and profits from lending. I also find that borrowing decisions can be largely unaffected by current liquidity, which has important implications for the implementation of central bank monetary policy: in order to influence the level of interest rates, the central bank must focus on controlling market expectations. Keywords: money markets, EONIA, liquidity effect JEL classification numbers: E52, E58, E43
A Model of Approaches to Learning and Academic Achievement of Students from an Inquiry Based Bachelor of Health Sciences Program

The Biggs’ Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) was used to test competing models of students’ approaches to learning in a sample of undergraduate students (n = 125) from an inquiry based Bachelor of Health Sciences program. In addition to an internal consistency and test-retest reliability analysis of the SPQ, conﬁ rmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the goodness-of-ﬁ t of two competing models of approaches to learning with students’ GPA. The results provided support for a three-factor model of approaches to learning (CFI = 1.00, SRMR = .052, RMSEA = .000) and the connection between GPA and an achieving approach to learning (path coefﬁ cient = .99). A three-factor model of the SPQ that recognizes the strong relationship between students’ GPA, achieving motives and strategies for learning warrants further investigation. Other factors such as faculty expectations, heavy workloads and time commitments may inﬂ uence the adoption of less desirable approaches to learning. Nous avons utilise le Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) de Bigg pour tester des modeles sur l’approche a l’apprentissage qui sont en concurrence, chez un echantillon d’etudiants sous-gradues (n=125) inscrits dans un Baccalaureat en Sciences de la Sante. Nous avons fait une analyse d’uniformite interne et de ﬁ abilite de test-retest du SPQ, ainsi qu’une analyse de facteur de conﬁ rmation, pour evaluer l’exactitude des modeles en concurrence. Le modele le plus precis incluait trois facteurs dans l’approche a l’apprentissage (CFI = 1.00, SRMR = .052, RMSEA = .000) et nous avons egalement observe une relation entre la moyenne des notes et le desir de reussite (path coefﬁ cient = .99). Le modele du SPQ qui inclut trois facteurs et qui reconnait la forte relation entre la moyenne des notes des etudiants et leur motivation et strategies pour reussir, merite une investigation plus profonde.
The Value of Foreign Currency Hedging: A study on the German market

This study examines the use of derivatives by 137 public firms in Germany in 2006-2010. To our knowledge our study is the first examination of the relation between hedging and market value on the German market. We find in univariate tests that the use of derivatives by non-financial firms does not add value. The results from our tests are inconsistent with theoretical predictions. Additionally our multivariate tests turn out to be inconsistent compared to the reported significant results within the documented U.S. sample examination as regards a value-enhancing effect imposed by derivatives. We identify influence factors in the areas of corporate governance, internationalization and managerial ability as a possible explanation for country-specific differences between firms in Germany and the U.S.
Corporate Disclosure Policy and Analyst Behavior

This paper examines the relation between the disclosure practices of firms, the number of analysts following each firm, and properties of the analysts' earnings forecasts. Using data from the Financial Analysts Federation Corporate Information Committee Report (FAF Report), we provide evidence that firms with more informative disclosure policies have a larger analyst following, more accurate analyst earnings forecasts, less dispersion among individual analyst forecasts and less volatility in forecast revisions. The results enhance our understanding of the role of analysts in capital markets. Further, they suggest that potential benefits to disclosure include increased investor following, reduced estimation risk and reduced information asymmetry, each of which have been shown to reduce a firm's cost of capital in theoretical research.
Sensory analysis of Creole turkey meat with flash profile method

Different kind of feed can result in development of new meat odors, aroma and texture. The aim of the study was to use flash profile method to determine differences; if any, in sensory traits of Creole turkey meat with different alimentation programs. Treatments were kitchen leftovers + fresh forage, commercial feed, kitchen leftovers, commercial feed + fresh forage, and broken maize + fresh forage. Cooked thighs, drumstick and breast were used. For the meat evaluation two different groups of people were recruited. In order to perform the sensory profile of breast six persons were recruited, in a second group nine persons; in both cases they did not know what kind of meat they were evaluating. Each sensory profile had three replicas, previously three training sessions and establishment of sensory attributes criteria were held. Attribute discrimination was evaluated one-way ANOVA. To obtain consensus and treatment mean position, attributes of the subjects a Generalized Procrustes Analysis was used and comparison of treatments through an ascendant hierarchy classification. Thirty five different sensory descriptive were generated. There were differences in meat sensory profile, it can be said that different treatments influenced in different ways the muscle development of Creole turkey, creating new sensory attributes.
Growth of nerve fibres into murine peritoneal adhesions

Adhesions in the peritoneal cavity have been implicated in the cause of intestinal obstruction and infertility, but their role in the aetiology of chronic pelvic pain is unclear. Nerves have been demonstrated in human pelvic adhesions, but the presence of pain‒conducting fibres has not been established. The purpose of this study was to use an animal model to examine the growth of nerves during adhesion formation at various times following injury and to characterize the types of fibres present. Adhesions were generated in mice by injuring the surface of the caecum and adjacent abdominal wall, with apposition. At 1–8 weeks post‒surgery, adhesions were processed and nerve fibres characterized histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally. Peritoneal adhesions had consistently formed by 1 week after surgery and from 2 weeks onwards, all adhesions contained some nerve fibres which were synaptophysin, calcitonin gene‒related peptide, and substance P‒immunoreactive, and were seen to originate from the caecum. By 4 weeks post‒surgery, nerve fibres were found to originate from both the caecum and the abdominal wall, and as demonstrated by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, many traversed the entire adhesion. Ultrastructural analysis showed both myelinated and non‒myelinated nerve fibres within the adhesion. This study provides the first direct evidence for the growth of sensory nerve fibres within abdominal visceral adhesions in a murine model and suggests that there may be nerve fibres involved in the conduction of pain stimuli. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Institutional Accounting: Old Wine in New Bottles

Accounting has been regarded as a social and institutional practice, one that is intrinsic to, and constitutive of social relations, rather than derivative or secondary. The manner in which accounting has integrated with so many aspects of social and economic life has long been a continuing concern. Specific accounting events have been examined regarding their conditions of possibility and consequences. The expression “new institutional accounting” is used to capture research advances from the literatures of institutional economics and accounting on how the interactions of market forces, laws, regulations, standards, enforcement activities and other “institutions” affect corporate financial reporting and disclosure outcomes. Recent studies focus on the links between institutions and IFRS. One of the key objectives of the latest studies on IFRS adoption is to explore the differential impact of IFRS adoption across different types of firms and different institutional regimes. This paper explores the links between institutions and financial reporting outcomes with the focus on the links between institutions and IFRS adoption. The main argument proceeded in this paper is that the term “new institutional accounting” is coherent with the institutional nature of accounting while the word “new” denotes the new context in which such nature embeds. In other words, “new institutional accounting” is a new expression for the conventional knowledge about accounting. This new combination indicates an emphasis on the context associated with IFRS adoption, in which accounting is currently deployed.
Independent Contributions of Cognitive Functioning and Social Risk Factors to Symptoms of ADHD in Two Nordic Populations-Based Cohorts

This study examined independent contributions of executive functioning (EF), state regulation (SR), and social risk factors to symptom dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two cohorts, which included 221 Norwegian children and 294 Finnish adolescents. Independent contributions of EF and SR were shown in the Norwegian cohort and EF contributed independently in the Finnish cohort. When controlling for each symptom dimension, cognitive functioning and social risk factors were differentially associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. The results show the need to include both social risk factors and cognitive functioning to obtain a better understanding of ADHD symptoms.
Trust and Privacy in the Web:Do Internet Users Feel Monitored on Websites?

In this paper, preliminary results of an online survey on surfing habits and data privacy of 710 young Internet users are discussed. It was shown that many users feel monitored on websites and they often feel spied out by Google. Particularly, most users do not like to reveal personal data and do not want to be profiled. Most of the users have different concerns of indicating personal data like email addresses, phone numbers, interests or payment data: they fear undesirable e-mails, mails or phone calls, disclosure of data to third parties and inadequate handling of sensitive data like account or credit card data. Consequently, Web users often refuse to give personal information, supply false information or decide not to use certain websites or services. Moreover, two third of the Web users do not like to be profiled. Suffering under information overload, 71% of the Internet users are not interested in receiving additional information. Internet users’ trust is highly dependent on the supplier or website itself. Website operators can strengthen users’ trust and their readiness to deliver personal information by building up good reputation and providing secure connections.
The effect of the antigen's molecular weight on the curvature of the precipitin line in the Ouchterlony technic.

Seven highly purified antigens of known molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 2,000,000 were studied by the Ouchterlony gel diffusion technique. It was found that the curvature of the precipitin line is related to the molecular weight of the antigen, i.e., a straight line is obtained when the antigen has approximately the same molecular weight as the antibody; if the line curves away from the antibody reservoir, the antigen is heavier than antibody; if it curves towards the antibody reservoir, the antigen is lighter than antibody. The theoretical and practical aspects of these findings are discussed.