Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECTROSCOPY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE BY THE CARNEGIE SUPERNOVA PROJECT

This is the first release of optical spectroscopic data of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by the Carnegie Supernova Project including 604 previously unpublished spectra of 93 SNe Ia. The observations cover a range of phases from 12 days before to over 150 days after the time of B-band maximum light. With the addition of 228 near-maximum spectra from the literature, we study the diversity among SNe Ia in a quantitative manner. For that purpose, spectroscopic parameters are employed such as expansion velocities from spectral line blueshifts and pseudo-equivalent widths (pW). The values of those parameters at maximum light are obtained for 78 objects, thus providing a characterization of SNe Ia that may help to improve our understanding of the properties of the exploding systems and the thermonuclear flame propagation. Two objects, namely, SNe 2005M and 2006is, stand out from the sample by showing peculiar Si ii and S ii velocities but otherwise standard velocities for the rest of the ions. We further study the correlations between spectroscopic and photometric parameters such as light-curve decline rate and color. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the pW of Si ii absorption features are very good indicators of light-curve decline rate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that parameters such as pW2 (Si ii 4130) and pW6 (Si ii 5972) provide precise calibrations of the peak B-band luminosity with dispersions of ≈0.15 mag. In the search for a secondary parameter in the calibration of peak luminosity for SNe Ia, we find a ≈2σ–3σ correlation between B-band Hubble residuals and the velocity at maximum light of S ii and Si ii lines.
Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pioglitazone Enhances Therapeutic Neovascularization

Ryoji Nagahama, Tetsuya Matoba, Kaku Nakano, Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama, Kenji Sunagawa and in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pioglitazone Enhances Therapeutic Neovascularization Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112. 253823 2012;32:2427-2434; originally published online August 9, 2012; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/32/10/2427 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2012/08/09/ATVBAHA.112. 253823.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
Larrea divaricata Cav.: Scientific evidence showing its beneficial effects and its wide potential application

Larrea divaricata Cav. (jarilla) (Zygophyllaceae) is used in Argentinean folk medicine. It contains nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lignan with nefrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects. The presence of NDGA converts controversial the use of L. divaricata. The amount of NDGA is higher in alcoholic extracts than in aqueous extracts (AE). The last 20 years had a great advance on the use of AE to treat different conditions in a safe manner. In this review, we present the scientific results tending to confirm the potential beneficial effects of the AE on human health. The anti-proliferative effects of AE of L. divaricata have been assayed on a tumor lymphoid line (BW 5147) and the pathways involved in such effects were described. The anti-microbial activity was determined by tests for bacteria and fungus. The anti-inflammatory activity was assayed by using carrageen and TPA induced-inflammation tests. The Immunomodulatory effects were investigated ―in vivo‖ and ―in vitro‖ on mice. Sub-fractions of aqueous extracts were obtained and analyzed. The immunogenicity of proteins from crude AE was characterized and antioxidant and nutritional activity were studied. The effect of an AE on hair loss was assayed. In summary, AE from L. divaricata has pharmacological activities including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects.
arXiv : HEP Community White Paper on Software trigger and event reconstruction

Realizing the physics programs of the planned and upgraded high-energy physics (HEP) experiments over the next 10 years will require the HEP community to address a number of challenges in the area of software and computing. For this reason, the HEP software community has engaged in a planning process over the past two years, with the objective of identifying and prioritizing the research and development required to enable the next generation of HEP detectors to fulfill their full physics potential. The aim is to produce a Community White Paper which will describe the community strategy and a roadmap for software and computing research and development in HEP for the 2020s. The topics of event reconstruction and software triggers were considered by a joint working group and are summarized together in this document.
SEX-BASED DIFFERENCES IN TRUNK ACCELERATION AND LANDING POSTURE DURING THE DROP VERTICAL JUMP TEST

The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-based differences in trunk acceleration and landing posture during the drop vertical jump test and to determine the relationships among relevant variables. Twenty college students (10 men and 10 women) performed drop vertical jumps from a 30cm high box. Trunk acceleration and the trunk, limb, knee, and ankle angles in the sagittal plane were measured. The unpaired Student t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Female participants demonstrated greater vertical trunk acceleration and smaller trunk angles than male participants did. In addition, vertical acceleration correlated with trunk and limb angles. Therefore, these parameters, which can be estimated by using wearable sensors, may be useful for checking athletes at high risk for injury.
Simulating Maize Production, Water and Surface Energy Balance, Canopy Temperature, and Water Stress under Full and Deficit Irrigation

Abstract. Surface energy balance is critical to the understanding of crop evapotranspiration (ET) requirements and crop water stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the simulation of crop growth, water and surface energy balance components, canopy temperature, and water stress under fully irrigated and deficit-irrigated corn in eastern Colorado using a hybrid version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) and the Simultaneous Heat and Water model (SHAW) (RZ-SHAW). The field experiment was conducted in 2010 under both full and deficit irrigation conditions with energy balance measured using the Bowen ratio method. The model simulated grain yield satisfactorily, with an error of less than 5%. Leaf area index, daily ET, soil water content, canopy temperature, and energy balance components, including net radiation (R n ), latent heat (LE), sensible heat (H), and ground heat flux (G), were simulated well, with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) â‰¥ 0.64 and model efficiencies (ME) â‰¥ 0.57 for both full and deficit irrigation fields. The RZ-SHAW model accurately predicted the responses of crop growth and ET to water stress, and the simulated water stress was in good agreement with measured elevated canopy temperature with deficit irrigation after silking. However, the model performance was not acceptable in predicting plant height for water-stressed corn, and the simulated increase in canopy temperature under deficit irrigation was about 30% of the observed temperature increase. This study suggests that while the RZ-SHAW model can be used to evaluate the response of corn yield and water and energy balances to water stress, the simulation of the effects of water deficit on plant height and canopy temperature need further improvement.
How Brexit was made in England

The Leave majority recorded in England was decisive in determining the UK-wide referendum result. Brexit was made in England. We take this as a prompt to challenge the conventional Anglo-British mindset that animates most studies of ‘British politics’ and has shaped public attitudes research on the United Kingdom. We explore the persistence of distinctive Eurosceptic views in England and their relationship to English national identity prior to the referendum. We then model referendum vote choice using data from the Future of England Survey. Our analysis shows that immigration concerns played a major role in the Brexit referendum, alongside a general willingness to take risks, right-wing views, older age, and English national identity. Therefore, Brexit was not just made in England, but Englishness was also a significant driver of the choice for Leave.
The New Era of Counterforce: Technological Change and the Future of Nuclear Deterrence

Abstract Nuclear deterrence rests on the survivability of nuclear arsenals. For much of the nuclear age, “counterforce” disarming attacks—those aimed at eliminating an opponent's nuclear forces—were nearly impossible because of the ability of potential victims to hide and protect their weapons. Technological developments, however, are eroding this foundation of nuclear deterrence. Advances rooted in the computer revolution have made nuclear forces around the world considerably more vulnerable. Specifically, two key approaches that countries have relied on to ensure arsenal survivability since the dawn of the nuclear age—hardening and concealment—have been undercut by leaps in weapons accuracy and a revolution in remote sensing. Various methods, evidence, and models demonstrate the emergence of new possibilities for counterforce disarming strikes. In short, the task of securing nuclear arsenals against attack is far more difficult than it was in the past. The new era of counterforce challenges the basis for confidence in contemporary deterrence stability, raises critical issues for national and international security policy, and sheds light on one of the enduring theoretical puzzles of the nuclear era: why international security competition has endured in the shadow of the nuclear revolution.
The impact of video feedback on professional youth football coaches’ reflection and practice behaviour: a longitudinal investigation of behaviour change

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of video feedback on five English youth football coaches’ reflection and practice behaviours over a three-season period. First, quantitative data were collected using the Coach Analysis and Intervention System (CAIS) during season one and season three. Data from CAIS results showed that over the three seasons the coaches decreased their total instruction and total feedback and increased silence ‘on-task’. Four out of the five coaches also increased the use of total questioning behaviour. Second, interviews revealed how video feedback gave structure to reflective conversations that improved self-awareness and provided a trigger for behaviour change. The coaches highlighted how video-based reflection challenged their current understanding and enabled a range of learning sources to support and inform changed coach behaviour.
Nitric Oxide Participates in IFN-γ-Induced HUVECs

The endothelial barrier function is tightly controlled by a broad range of signaling cascades including nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway. It has been proposed that disturbances in NO and cGMP production could interfere with proper endothelial barrier function. In this study, we assessed the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, on NO and cGMP levels and examined the mechanisms by which NO and cGMP regulate the IFN-γ-mediated HUVECs hyperpermeability. The flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran across cell monolayers was used to study the permeability of endothelial cells. Here, we found that IFN-γ significantly attenuated basal NO concentration and the increased NO levels supplied by a NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Besides, application of IFN-γ also significantly attenuated both the basal cGMP concentration and the increased cGMP production donated by a cell permeable cGMP analogue, 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP). In addition, exposure of the cell monolayer to IFN-γ significantly increased HUVECs basal permeability. However, L-NAME pretreatment did not suppress IFN-γ-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. L-NAME pretreatment followed by SNP or SNP pretreatment partially reduced IFN-γ-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. Pretreatment with a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY83583), led to a further increase in IFN-γ-induced HUVECs hyperpermeability. The findings suggest that the mechanism underlying IFN-γ-induced increased HUVECs permeability is partly related to the inhibition of NO production.
Starleth: A compliant quadrupedal robot for fast, efficient, and versatile locomotion

This paper introduces StarlETH, a compliant quadrupedal robot that is designed to study fast, ecient, and versatile locomotion. The platform is fully actuated with high compliant series elastic actuation, making the system torque controllable and at the same time well suited for highly dynamic maneuvers. We additionally emphasize key elements of a powerful real time control and simulation environment. The work is concluded with a number of experiments that demonstrate the performance of the presented hardware and controllers.
Total RNA extraction from strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) and several other woody-plants

Abstract: Studies of plant gene expression today need pure preparations of high-yielding undegraded RNA. This is not easily accomplished when working with plants and tissues like strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) leaves that accumulate large amounts of polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds, which co-purify with RNA. An improved leaf-tissue protocol developed for gene expression studies on Arbutus unedo yields for the first time a purity of RNA extract that makes possible cDNA synthesis and qPCR analysis in this plant species. When tested on material considered recalcitrant (leaves, roots, fruit flesh, fruit peel and styles from Pyrus communis, Prunus avium, Prunus persica and Cydonia oblonga), the method was able to extract RNA with good yield and high purity. This scalable, phenol-free, fast and easy-to-use RNA extraction protocol is effective on Arbutus unedo leaves as well as on awide range of different species and tissues, thus resulting particularly useful for gene expression analysis in non-model species for molecular biology.
A Prospective Study Showing the Incidence of Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus to Methicillin and Vancomycin in Various Clinical Infections along with Some Major Risk Factors, in a Tertiary Care Centre of Bareilly

Background: S. aureus has been recognized as continuously challenging the clinicians despite the availability of antibiotics from nearly 70 yrs and emergence of various types of antibiotic resistance mechanisms especially to methicillin and vancomycin, which was the theme of this study. Methods: This study was prospective in design and conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Bareilly. All S. aureus strains were isolated and screened for methicillin and vancomycin resistance by disc diffusion test, further intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin was detected by E-strip test. , as there is no intermediate criteria for vancomycin by disc diffusion test. Results: Out of 505 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, we found that MRSA, VISA, and VRSA as 80.8%, 0.6% and 0.0% respectively. Maximum number of MRSA isolates were found with septicaemia, UTI & pneumonia i.e. 20.5%, 19.6%, 11.3% respectively followed by rest clinical diagnosis. As far as VISA is concerned, all three isolates were isolated from the patients who had all four risk factors, mentioned below. Conclusion: This report is a pointer towards emerging low level vancomycin resistance in S.aureus in India. The possible reason given for this development is inappropriate & injudicious use of vancomycin especially in situations where an alternate antimicrobial like β-lactam in reasonably higher dose can be more beneficial.
A variational approach to the time evolution equations for nonconserved variables in extended irreversible thermodynamics

We show that a c1assical variational principie does not exist for a rigid heat conductor in EIT. Then, we formulate a restricted variationaJ principie that would lead to the time evolution equations for the nonconserved variables in the mexican EIT formalismo The principIe is illustrated for the case of a rigid heat conductor, and iurther applied to a simple viscous fluid. The structure of the principIe permits us to diseuss sorne aspeets oi the extended thermodynamie spa.ce.
Effects of prosopis juliflora seedpod meal supplement on weight gain of weaner galla goats in Baringo district, Kenya

This study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), in Baringo district. Rift Valley Province. Baringo is one of the arid and semi-arid districts o f Kenya. Pastoralism is the main economic activity. The goat is the main livestock species. The district is heavily invaded by P. juliflora, a woody shrub that has taken over the grazing land This study was conducted to determine the effects of increasing amounts o f P /uhflora seedpod meal on feed intake, digestibility and growth rate of weaner Galla goats to establish the maximum substitution level of the pods to avoid deleterious effects on livestock. The study further sought to assess the feasibility o f incorporating P. juliflora scedpods into the livestock
RESPONS MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGENALAN TANAMAN GANDUM DAN PRODUK-PRODUKNYA DI DESA ARJASARI KECAMATAN ARJASARI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Desa Arjasari adalah sebuah desa yang berada di pegunungan yang terletak di kaki gunung Malabar, Kabupaten Bandung. Sebagian besar wilayah terdiri dari dari lahan pertanian. Sebagian besar mata pencaharian warga adalah buruh tani dan petani. Salah satu masalah usaha tani di desa Arjasari adalah diversifikasi tanaman yang diusahakan dan ketidakmampuan petani untuk menanam tanaman selama musim kemarau. Gandum dapat dijadikan salah satu komoditas untuk diversifikasi dan relatif tahan terhadap kekeringan di daerah dengan kelembaban tinggi sehingga dapat ditanam di musim kemarau. Pengenalan tanaman gandum dan produk-produknya di Desa Arjasari memiliki tujuan mensosialisasikan tanaman gandum di masyarakat sehingga masyarakat tertarik mengembangkannya, diantaranya dengan cara meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai kegunaan tanaman gandum, teknik budidayanya, serta produk-produknya. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan tanaman gandum, produk gandum, serta teknik budidayanya, dan pembuatan demplot partisipatif. Kuesioner dibagikan pada peserta penyuluhan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif. Waktu pelaksanaan dari bulan Juli hingga November 2017. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah ibu-ibu PKK dan wanita tani. Respons masyarakat terhadap pengenalan tanaman gandum dan produk-produknya di Desa Arjasari sangat baik. Hal ini terlihat setelah penyuluhan bahwa masyarakat tertarik menanam gandum dan membuat produk-produk dari gandum. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan ketertarikan masyarakat mengembangkan gandum adalah umur, pengenalan produk sebelumnya, pernah tanam sebelumnya, dan minat menambah penghasilan. Kata kunci: gandum, arjasari, lahan kering
"All that matter ... in one Big Bang ...," & other cosmological singularities

The first part of this paper contains a brief description of the beginnings of modern cosmology, which, the author will argue, was most likely born in the Year 1912. Some of the pieces of evidence presented here have emerged from recent research in the history of science, and are not usually shared with the general audiences in popular science books. In special, the issue of the correct formulation of the original Big Bang concept, according to the precise words of Fred Hoyle, is discussed. Too often, this point is very deficiently explained (when not just misleadingly) in most of the available generalist literature. Other frequent uses of the same words, Big Bang, as to name the initial singularity of the cosmos, and also whole cosmological models, are then addressed, as evolutions of its original meaning. Quantum and inflationary additions to the celebrated singularity theorems by Penrose, Geroch, Hawking and others led to subsequent results by Borde, Guth and Vilenkin. And corresponding corrections to the Einstein field equations have originated, in particular, $R^2$, $f(R)$, and scalar-tensor gravities, giving rise to a plethora of new singularities. For completeness, an updated table with a classification of the same is given.
Parabariomicrolite, a new species, and its structural relationship to the pyrochlore group

Parabariomicrolite _BaTa401O(OHh.2H20 is rhomb,9hedral, spac~ group R3m, with a 7.4290(6), c 18.505(2) A, V 884.5(1) A, Z = 3. The ~trongest six lines in the X-ray powder pattern [d in A(I)(hkl)] are 6.18(50)(00.3), 3.172(65)(02.1), 3.085(41)(00.6), 3.040(10.0)(20.2), 2.641(50)(02.4), 1.591(42)(22.6). Electron-microprobe anal­ ysis gives Na20 0.4, K20 0.3, srO 0.8, BaO 10.5, PbO 0.4, Nb20s'1.5, Ta20S 80.6, 1: = 94.5 wt. %; crystal-structure arguments indicate 5.2 wt. % H20, to give a total 1: =99.7 wt. %. Parabariomicrolite is translucent, white to pale pink, has a white streak and a vitreous to pearly lustre. It has well-developed {OOl} and {101} cleavages, is very brittle and has a Mohs hardness of 4; D(calc) 5.97 g/cm3• It is optically anisotropic, with all n in excess of 2.0. Parabario­ microlite typically occurs as topotaxic replacements of microlite and more rarely as open-space fillings in oxide­ mineral assemblages of the Alto do Giz pegmatite, Brazil. Its crystal structure was solved by crystal-chemical argu­ ments, augmented by X-ray powder-diffraction data. Its layer structure is derived from that of pyrochlore. One layer has 6- and 3-membered rings of corner-sharing (TaO~ octahedra, with [8]-co-ordinated Balying at the centre of the 6-membered rings; this layer is topologically identical with the analogous layer in pyrochlore. The second layer is very sparsely occupied by (TaO~ octahedra; the analo­ gous layer in pyrochlore is much more densely occupied (by large cations). It is the relative ordering of large cations in the fIrst layer and vacancies in the second layer that result in the lowering of symmetry from Fd3m to R3m.
Exceptional atmospheric circulation during the “Dust Bowl”

The three‐dimensional, regional and large‐scale atmospheric circulation during the “Dust Bowl” is analyzed based on newly available historical upper‐air data and reconstructed upper‐level fields. The Great Plains Low Level Jet, transporting moisture into the region, was weakened on its eastern side, shallower, and penetrated less far north than during wet years. Nocturnal convection was likely suppressed by increased stability. Strong mid‐tropospheric ridging was found over the Great Plains, and upper‐tropospheric flow anomalies extended from the North Pacific across North America to the Atlantic. These findings provide a dynamical view of the “Dust Bowl” droughts, some aspects of which are distinct from other droughts. It is demonstrated that this is important for assessing predictive capabilities of current modeling systems.