Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Bifid Zygomaticus Major Muscle

Abstract Facial expression muscles have significant morphological variability, including its size, shape, attachment patterns, and prevalence. The zygomaticus major (ZMj) represents one such important structure involved in facial expressions. The bifid ZMj muscle is a known anatomical variation that clinically presents as a dimple in the cheek; however, its prevalence and variation with ethnicity and geography remains poorly understood. The authors performed the first meta-analysis examine and established the prevalence of bifid ZMj variant across different population groups. From 7 studies identified via electronic databases, the prevalence of bifid ZMj variant was most prominent in the American subgroup 34% (95% CI 22.3%–48%), followed by the Asian subgroup at 27.4% (95% CI 14.3%–46.1%) and European subgroup at 12.3% (95% CI 6.5%–22.1%). Subgroup difference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.027). The overall prevalence of the bifid ZMj is 22.7% (95% CI 14.3%–34.2%). This contributes to the understanding of various facial muscle morphologies and attachment patterns, which have significant implications in surgical planning and procedures for facial reanimation and recreation of natural patient appearances.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Outcome of Apparently Unexplained Cardiac Arrest: Results From Investigation and Follow-Up of the Prospective Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry".

We would like to thank Professors Jaimez and Sanchez for their letter of response commenting on our recent summary of evaluation and outcome of our first 200 unexplained cardiac arrest probands.1 We would first like to point out that we excluded patients with a manifest diagnosis, so none of these patients had overt evidence of an ion channelopathy or cardiomyopathy that are typically both readily diagnosed and treated. This is reflected in our empirical strength of diagnosis framework, which is necessary when a classic diagnosis is not forthcoming.2 In addition, registries do not mandate care but rather capture it, and reflect the reality of practice with the vagaries of contextual clinical decision making. In response to the concerns about the incidence of shocks and the inefficacy of medical therapy, it is important to point out the difference between efficacy and effectiveness. Without …
Add-on benzodiazepines for psychosis-induced aggression

In severely psychotic, violent patients, add-on benzodiazepines are often prescribed with antipsychotic agents. We examined aggression, suicidality, and self-harm among psychotic patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy, compared with those treated with add-on benzodiazepines, during the first 2 weeks of psychiatric hospitalization to clarify the association of add-on benzodiazepines and aggression. Electronic medical records of 400 patients consecutively admitted to Abarbanel Mental Health Center from 2012 to 2014 for psychosis, and remained hospitalized for at least 2 weeks were evaluated. Violence toward staff, patients, and property, physical restraints, seclusion, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts, were examined. Falls and referrals to general hospital indicated adverse medication effects, and were recorded. No significant between-group differences were found for sex, age, psychiatric diagnosis, compulsory admissions, antipsychotic dosages, number of previous hospitalizations, or hospitalization days were detected. Maximum dosage for antipsychotics in the monotherapy group did not reveal a statistically significant difference from the add-on benzodiazepine group (2.2 ± 1.4 vs. 2.2 ± 1.3, respectively), expressed in defined daily dose. There were no between-group differences in frequency of any violent event, incidence of self-harm, suicidal thoughts, frequency of falls, and/or referrals to a general hospital. Addition of benzodiazepines might be unnecessary. Benzodiazepine addition to antipsychotic drugs for patients with severe psychosis should be with caution.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered butterfly Luehdorfia taibai Chou (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Abstract We have determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered butterfly, Luehdorfia taibai. The total lenth of the L. taibai mitogenome is 15,553 bp with 81% A + T content. It consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA genes and an A + T-rich region. All the protein-coding genes used ATN as start codon and TAA as stop codon, except for COI gene, which used CGA as start codon. The A + T-rich region was 939 bp in lenth with 95% A + T content. L. taibai mitogenome contained an extra tRNALeu, located from 191 bp to 259 bp, of which function was not clear.
Factor Analysis of the Texas Functional Living Scale in an Outpatient Clinical Sample.

OBJECTIVE Prior factor analysis of the Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS), a performance-based measure of functional abilities, in a military veteran sample supported four factors discrepant from the published subscales. This study analyzed TFLS factor structure in a non-veteran clinical sample. METHOD Two hundred seventy adult outpatients completed the TFLS during neuropsychological evaluation. Principal axis factor analysis with oblique promax rotation was conducted with age and education effects partialed out. RESULTS Parallel analysis indicated five factors for extraction that accounted for a combined 48% of the variance. The first factor independently explained 26% of the total variance. Inspection of factor loadings suggested the following factor interpretations: complex calculations/time, complex visual search, praxis, memory, and basic calculations/math concepts. Five items did not significantly load onto any of the factors. CONCLUSIONS Current results did not entirely correspond to the published subscales or prior results in a veteran sample. Further clarification of the TFLS factor structure is warranted.
Oral streptococci show diversity in resistance to complement immunity.

PURPOSE Mechanisms underlying systemic infections by oral species of Mitis (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis) and Sanguinis (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis) commensal streptococci are poorly understood. This study investigates profiles of susceptibility to complement-mediated host immunity in representative strains of these four species, which were isolated from oral sites or from the bloodstream. METHODOLOGY Deposition of complement opsonins (C3b/iC3b), and surface binding to C-reactive protein (CRP) and to IgG antibodies were quantified by flow cytometry in 34 strains treated with human serum (HS), and compared to rates of opsonophagocytosis by human PMN mediated by complement (CR1/3) and/or IgG Fc (FcγRII/III) receptors. RESULTS S. sanguinis strains showed reduced susceptibility to complement opsonization and low binding to CRP and to IgG compared to other species. Surface levels of C3b/iC3b in S. sanguinis strains were 4.5- and 7.8-fold lower than that observed in S. gordonii and Mitis strains, respectively. Diversity in C3b/iC3b deposition was evident among Mitis species, in which C3b/iC3b deposition was significantly associated with CR/FcγR-dependent opsonophagocytosis by PMN (P<0.05). Importantly, S. gordonii and Mitis group strains isolated from systemic infections showed resistance to complement opsonization when compared to oral isolates of the respective species (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study establishes species-specific profiles of susceptibility to complement immunity in Mitis and Sanguinis streptococci, and indicates that strains associated with systemic infections have increased capacity to evade complement immunity. These findings highlight the need for studies identifying molecular functions involved in complement evasion in oral streptococci.
Identification of Novel HLA Class II-Restricted Neoantigens Derived from Driver Mutations

Neoantigens derived from tumor-specific genetic mutations might be suitable targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their high immunogenicity. In the current study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of 10 driver mutations that are frequently expressed in various cancers using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors (n = 25). Of the 10 synthetic peptides (27-mer) derived from these mutations, the six peptides from KRAS-G12D, KRAS-G12R, KRAS-G13D, NRAS-Q61R, PIK3CA-H1047R, and C-Kit-D816V induced T cell responses, suggesting that frequent driver mutations are not always less immunogenic. In particular, immune responses to PIK3CA-H1047R, C-Kit-D816V, KRAS-G13D, and NRAS-Q61R were observed in more than 10% of the donors. All six peptides induced human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II-restricted CD4+ T cell responses; notably, PIK3CA-H1047R contained at least two different CD4+ T cell epitopes restricted to different HLA class II alleles. In addition, PIK3CA-H1047R and C-Kit-D816V induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells as well, indicating that they might contain both HLA class I- and class II-restricted epitopes. Since the identified neoantigens might be shared by patients with various types of cancers and are not easily lost due to immune escape, they have the potential to be promising off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy targets in patients with the corresponding mutations.
In-vivo Barrett’s esophagus digital pathology stage classification through feature enhancement of confocal laser endomicroscopy

Abstract. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition that has an increased risk to turn into esophageal adenocarcinoma. Classification and staging of the different changes (BE in particular) in the esophageal mucosa are challenging since they have a very similar appearance. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is one of the newest endoscopy tools that is commonly used to identify the pathology type of the suspected area of the esophageal mucosa. However, it requires a well-trained physician to classify the image obtained from CLE. An automatic stage classification of esophageal mucosa is presented. The proposed model enhances the internal features of CLE images using an image filter that combines fractional integration with differentiation. Various features are then extracted on a multiscale level, to classify the mucosal tissue into one of its four types: normal squamous (NS), gastric metaplasia (GM), intestinal metaplasia (IM or BE), and neoplasia. These sets of features are used to train two conventional classifiers: support vector machine (SVM) and random forest. The proposed method was evaluated on a dataset of 96 patients with 557 images of different histopathology types. The SVM classifier achieved the best performance with 96.05% accuracy based on a leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Additionally, the dataset was divided into 60% training and 40% testing; the model achieved an accuracy of 93.72% for the testing data using the SVM. The presented model showed superior performance when compared with four state-of-the-art methods. Accurate classification is essential for the intestinal metaplasia grade, which most likely develops into esophageal cancer. Not only does our method come to the aid of physicians for more accurate diagnosis by acting as a second opinion, but it also acts as a training method for junior physicians who need practice in using CLE. Consequently, this work contributes to an automatic classification that facilitates early intervention and decreases samples of required biopsy.
DNA Methylation in Inflammatory Pathways Modifies the Association between BMI and Adult-Onset Non-Atopic Asthma

A high body mass (BMI) index has repeatedly been associated with non-atopic asthma, but the biological mechanism linking obesity to asthma is still poorly understood. We aimed to test the hypothesis that inflammation and/or innate immunity plays a role in the obesity-asthma link. DNA methylome was measured in blood samples of 61 non-atopic participants with asthma and 146 non-atopic participants without asthma (non-smokers for at least 10 years) taking part in the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) study. Modification by DNA methylation of the association of BMI or BMI change over 10 years with adult-onset asthma was examined at each CpG site and differentially methylated region. Pathway enrichment tests were conducted for genes in a priori curated inflammatory pathways and the NLRP3-IL1B-IL17 axis. The latter was chosen on the basis of previous work in mice. Inflammatory pathways including glucocorticoid/PPAR signaling (p = 0.0023), MAPK signaling (p = 0.013), NF-κB signaling (p = 0.031), and PI3K/AKT signaling (p = 0.031) were enriched for the effect modification of BMI, while NLRP3-IL1B-IL17 axis was enriched for the effect modification of BMI change over 10 years (p = 0.046). DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood is consistent with inflammation as a link between BMI and adult-onset asthma and with the NLRP3-IL1B-IL17 axis as a link between BMI change over 10 years and adult-onset asthma in non-atopic participants.
Endoscopic management of complications of acute pancreatitis: an update on the field

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a frequent, nonmalignant gastrointestinal disorder leading to hospital admission. For its severe form and subsequent complications, minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures are being used increasingly, and are subject to rapid technical advances. Areas covered: Based on a systematic literature search in PubMed, medline, and Web-of-Science, we discuss the currently available treatment strategies for endoscopic therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts, walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON), and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS), and compare the efficacy and safety of plastic and metal stents. A special focus is placed on studies directly comparing different stent types, including lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) and clinical outcomes when draining pseudocysts or WONs. The clinical significance and endoscopic treatment options for DPDS are also discussed. Expert commentary: Endoscopic therapy has become the treatment of choice for different types of pancreatic and peripancreatic collections, the majority of which, however, require no intervention. The use of LAMS has facilitated drainage and necrosectomy in patients with WON or pseudocysts. Serious complications remain a problem in spite of high technical and clinical success rates. DPDS is an increasingly recognized problem in the presence of pseudocysts or WONs but evidence for endoscopic stent placement in this situation remains insufficient.
A Developmental Perspective on Paragangliar Tumorigenesis

In this review, we propose that paraganglioma is a fundamentally organized, albeit aberrant, tissue composed of neoplastic vascular and neural cell types that share a common origin from a multipotent mesenchymal-like stem/progenitor cell. This view is consistent with the pseudohypoxic footprint implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, is in harmony with the neural crest origin of the paraganglia, and is strongly supported by the physiological model of carotid body hyperplasia. Our immunomorphological and molecular studies of head and neck paragangliomas demonstrate in all cases relationships between the vascular and the neural tumor compartments, that share mesenchymal and immature vasculo-neural markers, conserved in derived cell cultures. This immature, multipotent phenotype is supported by constitutive amplification of NOTCH signaling genes and by loss of the microRNA-200s and -34s, which control NOTCH1, ZEB1, and PDGFRA in head and neck paraganglioma cells. Importantly, the neuroepithelial component is distinguished by extreme mitochondrial alterations, associated with collapse of the ΔΨm. Finally, our xenograft models of head and neck paraganglioma demonstrate that mesenchymal-like cells first give rise to a vasculo-angiogenic network, and then self-organize into neuroepithelial-like clusters, a process inhibited by treatment with imatinib.
Proposal for Treatment of Severe Dupuytren Disease in 2 Steps: Progressive Distraction With External Fixator and Collagenase - A Preliminary Case Series

Background: We want to describe a treatment for advanced Dupuytren disease using a spanning external fixator (EF) applied dorsally to produce progressive extension, followed by collagenase injection. Methods: Between October 2014 and September 2016, a total of 22 fingers from 18 patients were treated with an EF. The devices were implanted under local anesthesia, and the patients were instructed to gradually extend the hinge to gain a progressive extension. The EF was removed in an outpatient clinic setting after obtaining a complete extension of the treated joint in a mean of 19 days (range 15-22 days), and a collagenase injection was performed in the residual cord after a mean of 20 days (18-24 days), followed by splinting. Results: All patients were evaluated at an average follow-up of 14 months (range 3-23 months): the total average residual flexion deformity was 9.7° (range 0°-19°) with a correction of 107.2° (range 94°-138°), the average flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint was 7.4° (range 0°-15°) with a correction of 64.4° (range 46°-92°), and the average flexion deformity of the metatarsophalangeal joint was 2.4° (range 0°-9°) with a correction of 42.8° (range 15°-59°). No complications were reported in relation to EF treatment. Two cases of cutaneous laceration after collagenase injection were observed, neither of which required any additional treatment. Conclusions: All patients obtained a regression from 2 to 3 stages in disease severity only with EF. We had no report of complications due to the device. After collagenase injection and splinting, we obtained further finger extension with a mean total residual flexion deformity of 9.7° at 14-month follow-up.
The Relationship between Face-to-Face and Online Patient-Provider Communication: Examining the Moderating Roles of Patient Trust and Patient Satisfaction

ABSTRACT Patient-provider communication is an important factor influencing patients’ health-related outcomes. This study examined how the quality of face-to-face communication with providers is associated with their subsequent Internet use for patient-provider communication. With an analysis of two-wave panel data collected in China, results showed that face-to-face patient-provider communication had a positive and direct effect on online patient-provider communication at a later time point. In addition, patient trust and patient satisfaction both positively moderated the relationship between face-to-face and online patient-provider communication. The results of this study emphasized the important roles of patient-centered communication and patient-provider relationship in the process of eHealth and mHealth movement, particularly in the Chinese health care system.
Facial expressions can inhibit the activation of gender stereotypes

ABSTRACT Using faces as the priming stimuli, the present study explored the influence of facial expressions on the activation of gender stereotypes using a lexical decision paradigm. Experiment 1 explored the activation of gender stereotypes when the facial primes contained only gender information. The results showed that gender stereotypes were activated. In Experiment 2, the facial primes contained both gender category and expression information. The results indicated that gender stereotypes were not activated. Experiment 3 required the participants to make emotion, gender, or impression decisions concerning the facial primes before the lexical decision task. The results showed that gender stereotypes were not activated in emotion and impression decisions conditions, whereas stereotypes were activated in gender decisions condition. These finding suggest that facial expressions can inhibit automatic activation of gender stereotypes, unless the perceivers perform gender categorization processing to prime faces intentionally.
Popularity among same-sex and cross-sex peers: a process-oriented examination of links to aggressive behaviors and depressive affect.

Popularity has been linked to heightened aggression and fewer depressive symptoms. The current study extends this literature by examining the unique contributions of same-sex and cross-sex popularity to children's development, as well as potential mediating processes. Third- and 4th-graders (212 boys, 250 girls) provided data at 3 time points over 2 school years. Data included peer-reported popularity, social exclusion, friendships, peer victimization, and aggression and self-reported social self-esteem and depressive affect. Same-sex and cross-sex popularity independently contributed to the prediction of aggression and depressive affect. Popularity was associated with heightened aggression through reduced social exclusion and was indirectly related to lower levels of depressive affect through increased friendships. For boys only, same-sex popularity was further associated with dampened depressive affect through reduced social exclusion and peer victimization and increased social self-esteem. Findings are discussed in light of the potential tradeoffs associated with popularity in preadolescence.
Phase II study of high-sensitivity genotyping of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA to ultra-select metastatic colorectal cancer patients for panitumumab plus FOLFIRI: the ULTRA trial.

BACKGROUND Several studies show the importance of accurately quantifying not only KRAS and other low-abundant mutations because benefits of anti-EGFR therapies may depend on certain sensitivity thresholds. We assessed whether ultra-selection of patients using a high-sensitive digital PCR (dPCR) to determine KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA status can improve clinical outcomes of panitumumab plus FOLFIRI. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a single-arm phase II trial that analysed 38 KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA hotspots in tumour tissues of irinotecan-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received panitumumab plus FOLFIRI until disease progression or early withdrawal. Mutation profiles were identified by nanofluidic dPCR and correlated with clinical outcomes (ORR, overall response rate; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival) using cut-offs from 0% to 5%. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was also performed. RESULTS Seventy-two evaluable patients were enrolled. RAS (KRAS/NRAS) mutations were detected in 23 (32%) patients and RAS/BRAF mutations in 25 (35%) by dPCR, while they were detected in 7 (10%) and 11 (15%) patients, respectively, by qPCR. PIK3CA mutations were not considered in the analyses as they were only detected in 2 (3%) patients by dPCR and in 1 (1%) patient by qPCR. The use of different dPCR cut-offs for RAS (KRAS/NRAS) and RAS/BRAF analyses translated into differential clinical outcomes. The highest ORR, PFS and OS in wild-type patients with their lowest values in patients with mutations were achieved with a 5% cut-off. We observed similar outcomes in RAS/BRAF wild-type and mutant patients defined by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS High-sensitive dPCR accurately identified patients with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. The optimal RAS/BRAF mutational cut-off for outcome prediction is 5%, which explains that the predictive performance of qPCR was not improved by dPCR. The biological and clinical implications of low-frequent mutated alleles warrant further investigations. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NUMBER NCT01704703. EUDRACT NUMBER 2012-001955-38.