Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helping Developers Write Energy Efficient Haskell through a Data-Structure Evaluation

How a program is written has implications in the energy consumption of the running system, with economical and environmental consequences. In this context, understanding the energy consumption of operations on data-structures is crucial when optimizing software to execute under power constricted environments. Existing studies have not focused on the different components of energy consumption that processors expose, rather considering the global consumption. To understand the relationship between CPU and memory energy consumptions with execution time, we instrument a microbenchmark suite to collect such values, and we analyze the results. Our benchmark suite is comprised of 16 implementations of functional sequences, collections and associative collections while measuring detailed energy and time metrics. We further investigate the energy consumption impact of using different compilation optimizations. We have concluded that energy consumption is directly proportional to execution time. Additionally, DRAM and Package energy consumptions are directly proportional, with the DRAM representing between 15 and 31% of the total energy consumption. Finally, we also conclude that optimizations can have both a positive or a negative impact on energy consumption.
Retrospective analysis of mature cystic teratomas in a single center and review of the literature

Objective: The aim af this study is to evaluate patients with mature cystic teratomas (MCT) with regard to the view of updated knowledge using our retrospective findings. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study and included a total of 306 patients from 2013 through 2017 at the İstanbul Zeynep Kamil Women and Children’s Diseases Training and Research Hospital. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.03±11.98 years. Thirty (9.8%) patients were postmenopausal. Torsion was detected in 17 (5.6%) patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between MCT and CA 19-9 levels in our series (p<0.01) but no statistically significant correlation was found with other markers. Conclusion: The possibility of malignancy at postmenopausal ages and in large MCT should not be forgotten. It should be kept in mind that MCT can be seen in unexpected places.
Oocyte in vitro maturation: A sytematic review

In vitro maturation (IVM) is one of the most controversial aspects of assisted reproductive technology. Although it has been studied extensively, it is still not a conventional treatment option and is accepted as an alternative treatment. However, studies have shown that IVM can be used in almost all areas where in vitro fertilization (IVF) is used and it has a strong place in fertility protection and Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome management. The aim of this systematic review was to address all aspects of the current knowledge of IVM treatment together with the evolution of IVM and IVF.
Indonesia's Democratic Past and Future

Very briefly, from 1950 until about 1957 Indonesia was a representative democracy. The country had no democratic experience prior to its 1945 declaration of independence from Dutch and Japanese colonial rule. Since the late 1950s, it has experienced two types of authoritarianism, the personal rule of President Sukarno's Guided Democracy until 1965 and the army-backed New Order of President Soeharto from 1966 to the present. At the turn of the 1990s, the New Order's grip on Indonesian society appears, at least on the surface of observable events, as firm as it ever has been. Under these circumstances, why write about Indonesian politics from a democratic perspective? I have several reasons, but let me highlight three, one broadly theoretical, one methodological, and one concretely empirical. First, as is well known, there is an extremely high correlation between representative democracy and advanced industrial capitalism among contemporary nation-states. , Indonesia's economy is far from advancedit is in fact still below the threshold of NICdom-but it has moved steadily in that direction for more than two decades.2 Analyses of Indonesia's political progress (or lack of it) can add the evidence of another case to our still limited understanding of the relationship between capitalist development and democratization. Second, there is a vigorous recent literature on democratization in southern Europe, Latin America, and East Asia in the 1970s and 1980s.3 These new studies examine elites and leaders and the negotiating and bargaining that have characterized transitions from authoritarianism to democracy. Their approach has several qualities attractive to a student of Indonesian democratization. It focuses on proximate causes, in the form of the goals, perceptions, resources or capabilities, strategies, and actions of domestic politicians in and out of power. It is dynamic, directly examining processes of change. And it seeks patterns through analysis in depth of particular cases, aiming at a balance between the uniqueness of historical events and the universality of human experience. Third, President Soeharto is sixty-nine years old. He has held the presidency since March 1967 and has been elected to the office by the People's Consultative Assembly for five consecutive five-year terms beginning in 1968. Since March 1988, his most recent election, the succession issue has dominated domestic political discussion. Soeharto has hinted that he might step down in 1993, but he has also allowed or encouraged others to act, and has himself acted, in ways that indicate he intends to stay on. Given the apparent solidity of the New Order, succession politics is not identical with democratization. Nonetheless, succession "has always been the most sensitive internal management problem for authoritarian rulers. "4 A crisis, or even a carefully managed transfer of office, can provide opportunities for presidential candidates and others to take actions that may lead toward or away from a more democratic form of government. It may
Changes in Synovial Fluid Biomarkers after Experimental Equine Osteoarthritis

Abstract Introduction: The study aimed to clarify the changes in the concentration of inflammatory mediators, proteases, and cartilage degradation biomarkers in the synovial fluid of joints in an equine osteoarthritis model. Material and Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in eight Mongolian horses by a sterile intra-articular injection of amphotericin B, which was injected into the left carpal joint in a dose of 2 mL (25 mg/mL). The control group comprised five horses which were injected with an equal dose of sterile physiological saline into the left carpal joint. Synovial fluid was obtained at baseline and every week after injection. Test methods were based on ELISA. Results: In the course of the osteoarthritis, the concentration of biomarkers in joint synovial fluid showed an increasing trend. IL-1, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, CS846, GAG, HA, CTX-II, and COMP concentrations sharply increased before the onset of significant symptoms of lameness, whereas TNF-α, MMP-2, and MMP-3 concentrations rose sharply after the occurrence of such symptoms. Conclusion: The results obtained confirm that the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, CS846, GAG, HA, CTX-II and COMP increase substantially in equine osteoarthritis, which provides a theoretical basis for the rapid diagnosis of the disease.
Comparative studies of physico-chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil extracted from medicinal plants of scent leaves (Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae and Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae)

A comparative study was conducted on essential oil extracted from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and Africa basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) using standard methods (AOAC, 2000, Pelczer and Black, 1993), for their physico-chemical composition and antibacterial activities. The comparison between the two scent leaves was necessary to indicate the one with high potency in terms of their physical, chemical and antibacterial activities for Industrial and medicinal purposes. The experimental result obtained from essential oil extracted from Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. revealed some physiological properties like a viscosity of 1.342 ± 0.01 and 1.299 ± 0.01, Specific gravity 0.9026 ± 0.02 and 0.9032 ± 0.02, Refractive index 1.672 ± 0.20 and 1.660 ± 0.10 respectively, and the chemical compounds of Saponification(mg/g) 19.074 ± 0.10 and 13.464 ± 0.20, Iodine(g/100g) 34.7706 ± 0.30 and 35.2782 ± 0.30, Free fatty acid(oleic)(g/100g) 0.949 ± 0.10 and 1.267 ± 0.10, Peroxide value(mg/g) 0.923 ± 0.01 and 0.945 ± 0.02 and Acid value(g/100g) 3.366 ± 0.10 and 4.488 ± 0.10 for Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. respectively. The antibacterial activities revealed that the zone of inhibition between the pathogenic organism under test for Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. were; Staphylococcus spp. 3.00 ± 0.01 mm and 5.00 ± 0.01 mm, pseudomonas spp. revealed no zone for both essential oil and E. coli spp. had 3.00 ± 0.01 mm and 4.00 ± 0.02 mm respectively. Klebsiella spp. had 4.00 ± 0.02 mm and 4.00 ± 0.02 mm, Proteus also indicated no zone for both oil samples. An observable trend was that Pseudomonas and Proteus spp. showed resistance to both oil samples while Staphylococcus spp. , E. coli spp. , Klebsiella spp. were susceptible with the highest of value of 5.00 ± 0.01 mm Staphylococcus spp. essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum L.
DECODING BASE-RATE NEGLECT 1 Expecting the Unexpected : Base-rate Neglect is Driven by Neural Activation of Common Cues

The inverse base-rate effect (IBRE) describes an apparent irrationality in human decision making whereby people tend to ignore category base rates and choose rarer options when classifying ambiguous stimuli. According to some theories, people choose rare categories for ambiguous stimuli because rare cues draw more attention. Other theories predict that people choose rare categories because the ambiguous stimuli contrast with the more well-established patterns in common categories. In this experiment, we used multi-voxel pattern analysis to decode which features of ambiguous stimuli participants are activating during an fMRI version of the IBRE task. We show that individuals engage qualitatively distinct neural processes when making rare versus common responses: choosing a rarer category involved activation of cues associated with the common category. Consistent with inferential theories of base-rate neglect, our findings suggest that this surprising behavior involves a deliberative mechanism not explained by purely associative models.
Cytomorphological Features of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis on FNAC

Lymphadenopathy is one of the common clinical problems with varied etiological considerations. The discovery and speedy diagnosis of enlarged lymphnodes is of great clinical importance. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become an important adjunct to the study of peripheral lymphadenopathy, as a rapid, reliable and inexpensive method of making a diagnosis and is particularly relevant in developing countries like India where facilities for surgical biopsy are scarce. Tuberculous lympadenitis is one of the most common causes of lymph node enlargement in developing countries (1). FNAC plays an important role in diagnosing tuberculous lymph nodes and prevents unnecessary surgery. Cytodiagnosis of tuberculosis depends on demonstration of epithelioid cells with or without Langhans giant cells and necrosis. Bacteriological confirmation is required by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain/culture for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Treatment of tuberculosis can be straight away started after FNAC diagnosis by correlation with clinical findings and other investigations. The present study was done to determine role of FNAC in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis and various cytomorphological presentations in relation to AFB positivity. Material and Methods The present study consisted of retrospective analysis over a period of three years, in which records of patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy aspirated in Cytology section of Pathology department, Govt. Medical College Jammu were examined with respect to age ,sex, clinical diagnosis, site of lesion and cytological diagnosis. All the available smears stained by May Grunwald Giemsa ( MGG), Papani Colaou (PAP) and ZN stain were reviewed. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was Introduction Abstract FNAC smears of 343 cases diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis in the Postgraduate Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of three years were reviewed. All the available smears stained by May Grunwald Giemsa and Papani Colaou method including Ziehl Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli in some cases were evaluated. The disease was seen most frequently in the second and third decades of life (58.9%) with slight female preponderance. Cervical region was the most common site of involvement (83.4%). Three cytomorphological patterns were noted: epithelioid granuloma with necrosis was the most frequent pattern (pattern 2) in 49.3 %, followed by necrotic material without granuloma in 30.6% (pattern 3) and epithelioid cells without necrosis in 20.1% cases (pattern 1) . The AFB positivity rates were 52.9 % and 78% in cytological patterns 2 and 3 respectively with no positivity in pattern 1. Overall positivity for AFB was 64%.
High-Efficiency Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array Fed by the Cavity-Backed SIW

A novel circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is introduced. The DRA element operating at the desired frequency is determined by the dielectric waveguide model (DWM), and two orthogonal modes are generated to excite CP waves. A 4 × 4-element DRA array is then developed. The array is fed by the cavity-backed slotted substrate integrated waveguide, without using extra feeding network. Experimental results show that the array obtains a bandwidth of 240 MHz (9.88–10.12 GHz) for reflection coefficients and axial ratios (ARs) less than −10 dB and 1 dB, respectively. Moreover, the array obtains a 16 dBic peak gain, a −33.6 dB cross-polarization level at the boresight, namely 0.5 dB AR at the center frequency, which demonstrate the desirable array performance. In addition, above 62.5% aperture efficiency and above 90% radiation efficiency are realized over the operating bands, with about 76% peak aperture efficiency and about 94% peak radiation efficiency. The proposed array can be regarded as an element to form large planar arrays, which will be useful in beamforming systems. Our design idea may open a new way for developing high-efficiency large millimeter-wave arrays.
LinBFT: Linear-Communication Byzantine Fault Tolerance for Public Blockchains

This paper presents LinBFT, a novel Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocol for blockchain systems that achieves amortized O(n) communication volume per block under reasonable conditions (where n is the number of participants), while satisfying determinist guarantees on safety and liveness. This significantly improves previous results, which either incurs quadratic communication complexity, or only satisfies safety in a probabilistic sense. LinBFT is based on the popular PBFT protocol, and cuts down its $O(n^4)$ complexity with three tricks, each by $O(n)$: linear view change, threshold signatures, and verifiable random functions. All three are known, i.e., the solutions are right in front of our eyes, and yet LinBFT is the first $O(n)$ solution with deterministic security guarantees. Further, LinBFT also addresses issues that are specific to permission-less, public blockchain systems, such as anonymous participants without a public-key infrastructure, proof-of-stake with slashing, rotating leader, and a dynamic participant set. In addition, LinBFT contains no proof-of-work module, reaches consensus for every block, and tolerates changing honesty of the participants for different blocks.
Platinum Complexes Can Bind to Telomeres by Coordination

It is suggested that several compounds, including G-quadruplex ligands, can target telomeres, inducing their uncapping and, ultimately, cell death. However, it has never been demonstrated whether such ligands can bind directly and quantitatively to telomeres. Here, we employed the property of platinum and platinum-G-quadruplex complexes to target G-rich sequences to investigate and quantify their covalent binding to telomeres. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, surprisingly, we found that, in cellulo, in the presence of cisplatin, a di-functional platinum complex, telomeric DNA was platinated 13-times less than genomic DNA in cellulo, as compared to in vitro data. On the contrary, the amount of mono-functional platinum complexes (Pt-ttpy and Pt-tpy) bound either to telomeric or to genomic DNA was similar and occurred in a G-quadruplex independent-manner. Importantly, the quantification revealed that the low level of cisplatin bound to telomeric DNA could not be the direct physical cause of TRF2 displacement from telomeres. Altogether, our data suggest that platinum complexes can affect telomeres both directly and indirectly.
Detection of Malicious Code Variants Based on Deep Learning

With the development of the Internet, malicious code attacks have increased exponentially, with malicious code variants ranking as a key threat to Internet security. The ability to detect variants of malicious code is critical for protection against security breaches, data theft, and other dangers. Current methods for recognizing malicious code have demonstrated poor detection accuracy and low detection speeds. This paper proposed a novel method that used deep learning to improve the detection of malware variants. In prior research, deep learning demonstrated excellent performance in image recognition. To implement our proposed detection method, we converted the malicious code into grayscale images. Then, the images were identified and classified using a convolutional neural network (CNN) that could extract the features of the malware images automatically. In addition, we utilized a bat algorithm to address the data imbalance among different malware families. To test our approach, we conducted a series of experiments on malware image data from Vision Research Lab. The experimental results demonstrated that our model achieved good accuracy and speed as compared with other malware detection models.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Food Expenditure Patterns among Racially Different Low-Income Households: An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the impact of selected socioeconomic characteristics on aggregate and group food expenditure patterns of racially different low-income households. A double logarithmic functional form was used to explain responses in household food expenditures to socioeconomic factors. Household income, family size, and Food Stamp Program participation were found to exert a strong positive impact on food expenditures. The general educational level of the homemaker registered no significant impact on household food expenditures. However, the nutritional knowledge of the homemaker increased the efficiency of food purchasing activities.
Allograft Versus Demineralized Bone Matrix in Instrumented and Noninstrumented Lumbar Fusion: A Systematic Review

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: The aim was to determine the fusion efficacy of allograft and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in lumbar instrumented and noninstrumented fusion procedures for degenerative lumbar disorders. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane databases. To be considered, publications had to meet 4 criteria: patients were treated for a degenerative lumbar disorder, a minimum group size of 10 patients, use of allograft or DBM, and at least a 2-year follow-up. Data on the study population, follow-up time, surgery type, grafting material, fusion rates, and its definition were collected. Results: The search yielded 692 citations with 17 studies meeting the criteria including 4 retrospective and 13 prospective studies. Six studies used DBM and 11 employed allograft alone or in the combination with autograft. For the allograft, fusion rates ranged from 58% to 68% for noninstrumented and from 68% to 98% for instrumented procedures. For DBM, fusion rates were 83% for noninstrumented and between 60% and 100% for instrumented lumbar fusion procedures. Conclusions: Both allograft and DBM appeared to provide similar fusion rates in instrumented fusions. On the other hand, in noninstrumented procedures DBM was superior. However, a large variation in the type of surgery, outcomes collection, lack of control groups, and follow-up time prevented any significant conclusions. Thus, studies comparing the performance of allograft and DBM to adequate controls in large, well-defined patient populations and with a sufficient follow-up time are needed to establish the efficacy of these materials as adjuncts to fusion.
Work Fluctuations in Bosonic Josephson Junctions

We calculate the first two moments and full probability distribution of the work performed on a system of bosonic particles in a two-mode Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian when the self-interaction term is varied instantaneously or with a finite-time ramp. In the instantaneous case, we show how the irreversible work scales differently depending on whether the system is driven to the Josephson or Fock regime of the bosonic Josephson junction. In the finite-time case, we use optimal control techniques to substantially decrease the irreversible work to negligible values. Our analysis can be implemented in present-day experiments with ultracold atoms and we show how to relate the work statistics to that of the population imbalance of the two modes.
Influence of redox conditions on the intensity of Mars crustal magnetic anomalies

We evaluate the relationship between the intensity of remanent magnetization and fO2 in natural and synthetic Mars meteorites. The olivine‐phyric shergottite meteorite Yamato 980459 (Y‐980459) and a sulfur‐free synthetic analog (Y‐98*) of identical major element composition were analyzed to explore the rock magnetic and remanence properties of a basalt crystallized from a primitive melt, and to explore the role of magmatic and alteration environment fO2 on Mars crustal anomalies. The reducing conditions under which Y‐980459 is estimated to have formed (QFM‐2.5; Shearer et al. 2006) were replicated during the synthesis of Y‐98*. Y‐980459 contains pyrrhotite and chromite. Chromite is the only magnetic phase in Y‐98*. The remanence‐carrying capacity of Y‐980459 is comparable to other shergottites that formed in the fO2 range of QFM‐3 to QFM‐1. The remanence‐carrying capacity of these low fO2 basalts is 1–2 orders of magnitude too weak to account for the intense crustal anomalies observed in Mars's southern cratered highlands. Moderately oxidizing conditions of >QFM‐1, which are more commonly observed in nakhlites and Noachian breccias, are key to generating either a primary igneous assemblage or secondary alteration assemblage capable of acquiring an intense remanent magnetization, regardless of the basalt character or thermal history. This suggests that if igneous rocks are responsible for the intensely magnetized crust, these oxidizing conditions must have existed in the magmatic plumbing systems of early Mars or must have existed in the crust during secondary processes that led to acquisition of a chemical remanent magnetization.