Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The (R) Evolution of social media in software engineering

Software developers rely on media to communicate, learn, collaborate, and coordinate with others. Recently, social media has dramatically changed the landscape of software engineering, challenging some old assumptions about how developers learn and work with one another. We see the rise of the social programmer who actively participates in online communities and openly contributes to the creation of a large body of crowdsourced socio-technical content. In this paper, we examine the past, present, and future roles of social media in software engineering. We provide a review of research that examines the use of different media channels in software engineering from 1968 to the present day. We also provide preliminary results from a large survey with developers that actively use social media to understand how they communicate and collaborate, and to gain insights into the challenges they face. We find that while this particular population values social media, traditional channels, such as face-to-face communication, are still considered crucial. We synthesize findings from our historical review and survey to propose a roadmap for future research on this topic. Finally, we discuss implications for research methods as we argue that social media is poised to bring about a paradigm shift in software engineering research.
Parental Influences on Physical Activity in Children: An Exploration of Potential Mechanisms

This study examined the utility of a model to explain parental influence on children’s physical activity. Children (n = 994) from 3 elementary schools completed a survey with scales assessing physical activity, attraction to activity, perceived competence, and perceived parental influence. Self-report data on the physical activity levels of parents (n = 536) were also obtained to test the hypothesis that active parents may provide more encouragement and support for their children. The parental influence scales accounted for 20%, 26%, and 28% of the variance in physical activity, attraction to physical activity, and perceptions of competence, respectively. Correlations between parent and child levels of activity were low, but children of active parents had higher scores on the parental influence measures and psychosocial correlates than inactive parents. This study provides further confirmation of the important influence that parents exert on their child’s physical activity behavior.
Evaluation of canine anti-Leishmania IgG subclasses and their relation with skin signs in naturally infected dogs in the northwest of Iran

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe, intracellular parasitic zoonosis and is an endemic complaint in Iran. Dogs are considered the reservoir host for Leishmania infantum in the Old World. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relation between anti-Leishmania antibody titers (IgG) and skin symptoms of CanL in naturally affected dogs and to assess the correlation of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses of titers with these symptoms. Anti-Leishmania antibody titers were evaluated in 100 dogs' blood samples with the direct agglutination test (DAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Based on DAT results, 45 samples were positive. Twenty-five of the positive dogs had cutaneous signs of leishmaniasis and 20 of them were asymptomatic (DAT of 1:320 and above). In the dogs, high levels of total IgG were found in symptomatic dogs. In ELISA, we found an apparent correlation between IgG1 and symptomatic dogs and between IgG2 and asymptomatic dogs. It seems that measurements of IgG subclasses can be used as gold-standard markers for evaluation of susceptibility or resistance to this lethal chronic infectious disease in dogs.
Improved Quality of Life After 1 Year With an Invasive Versus a Noninvasive Treatment Strategy in Claudicants: One-Year Results of the Invasive Revascularization or Not in Intermittent Claudication (IRONIC) Trial

Background— The quality of evidence for invasive revascularization in intermittent claudication is low or very low. This prospective, randomized, controlled study tested the hypothesis that an invasive treatment strategy versus continued noninvasive treatment improves health-related quality of life after 1 year in unselected patients with intermittent claudication. Methods and Results— After clinical and duplex ultrasound assessment, unselected patients with intermittent claudication requesting treatment for claudication were randomly assigned to invasive (n=79) or noninvasive (n=79) treatment groups. Primary end point was health-related quality of life after 1 year, assessed with Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 1 and Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire, and secondary end points included walking distances on a graded treadmill. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 1 physical component summary (P<0.001) and 2 Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 1 physical subscales improved significantly more in the invasive versus the noninvasive treatment group. Overall, Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire score (P<0.01) and 3 of 5 domain scores improved significantly more in the invasive versus the noninvasive treatment group. Intermittent claudication distance improved significantly in the invasive (+124 m) versus the noninvasive (+50 m) group (P=0.003), whereas the change in maximum walking distance was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions— An invasive treatment strategy improves health-related quality of life and intermittent claudication distance after 1 year in patients with stable lifestyle-limiting claudication receiving current medical management. Long-term follow-up data and health-economic assessments are warranted to further establish the role for revascularization in intermittent claudication. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01219842.
Two Year Outcomes of Students with Severe Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities Exiting Nonpublic Special Education Facilities in Maryland and New Jersey

There have been several national studies designed to examine the outcomes of students with disabilities Blackorby and Wagner (1996) found that special education students who attended public school programs were at high risk during their school years for poor academic performance and poor transition outcomes. These risks included dropping out of high school, not pursuing postsecondary education, lagging behind in employment opportunities and wages, not living independently, and not being socially integrated in their communities when compared to their general education peers. Such studies have focused on students with disabilities attending public schools, with little attention to students who attend nonpublic special education facilities (NPSEFs). There have been a limited number of evaluations and published outcome studies focused on students with disabilities who are determined as not able to be served in public school settings and should be served in segregated facilities. Specifically, youth whose educational and behavioral needs require enrollment in specialized settings that deliver a high intensity of services.
The estimation of the effective dose to a population from nuclear medicine procedures in north of Iran

Despite extensive research over the last decades, there remain considerable uncertainties as to the risks of low doses of ionising radiation as encountered in nuclear medicine. The effective dose to a population is a very important factor in the estimation of risk. The main goal of this study is to determine the effective dose to members of the public from diagnostic nuclear medicine in the northern province, Mazandaran, of Iran.
Trends in the administration of electroconvulsive therapy in England

AIMS AND METHOD We measured the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) over 3 months in England in 2006 and compared that with studies from 1999 and 2002. Questionnaires were completed by hospital ECT staff and returned by post with data collected prospectively on ECT use from National Health Service organisations. RESULTS Two-thirds (56 of 76) of the trusts providing ECT at 109 clinics responded. The number of clinics providing ECT and the number of patients receiving ECT has declined. There has been an increase in the proportion of people receiving ECT when detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The number of ECT clinics is likely to continue to decrease and psychiatrists may have decreasing experience of treating patients with ECT.
Practicing somaesthetics: exploring its impact on interactive product design ideation

Somaesthetics has been adapted as a theoretical foundation for explaining the aesthetic experience of interaction. However, the practice of somaesthetics remains relatively unexplored in HCI, and it has potential to improve the ideation process of interactive product design by improving designers and developers' sensibility of haptic, dynamic, and invisible qualities of movements. We introduce somaesthetic reflection, a somatic introspection method in pragmatic somaesthetics, and explore its impact on the ideation through a practical workshop. This study revealed that somaesthetic reflection helps the participants experience and recognize unconscious movements and coordination of movements, which further contributes to discovery of design issues in the ideation, and more effective experience prototyping of interaction with moving products. The characteristics of the design approaches found in this study are discussed.
Los trastornos mentales en América Latina y el Caribe: asunto prioritario para la salud pública

OBJETIVO: La creciente carga de trastornos mentales que afecta a las poblaciones de America Latina y el Caribe es demasiado grande para hacer caso omiso de ella. Por lo tanto, es una necesidad impostergable conocer la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y la brecha de tratamiento, que esta dada por la diferencia entre las tasas de prevalencia verdadera y las de las personas que han sido tratadas, que en algunos casos es grande pese a la existencia de tratamientos eficaces. Si se dispone de mayor informacion, se hace mas factible 1) abogar mejor por los intereses de las personas que necesitan atencion, 2) adoptar politicas mas eficaces, 3) formular programas de intervencion innovadores y 4) adjudicar recursos en conformidad con las necesidades observadas. METODOS: Los datos se obtuvieron de estudios comunitarios publicados en America Latina y el Caribe entre 1980 y 2004. En esas investigaciones epidemiologicas se usaron instrumentos diagnosticos estructurados y se estimaron tasas de prevalencia. Las tasas brutas de diversos trastornos psiquiatricos en America Latina y el Caribe se estimaron a partir de las tasas media y mediana extraidas de los estudios, desglosadas por sexo. Tambien se extrajeron los datos correspondientes al uso de servicios de salud mental para poder calcular la brecha en el tratamiento segun trastornos especificos. RESULTADOS: Las psicosis no afectivas (entre ellas la esquizofrenia) tuvieron una prevalencia media estimada durante el ano precedente de 1,0%; la depresion mayor, de 4,9%; y el abuso o la dependencia del alcohol, de 5,7%. Mas de la tercera parte de las personas afectadas por psicosis no afectivas, mas de la mitad de las afectadas por trastornos de ansiedad, y cerca de tres cuartas partes de las que abusaban o dependian del alcohol no habian recibido tratamiento psiquiatrico alguno, sea en un servicio especializado o en uno de tipo general. CONCLUSIONES: La actual brecha en el tratamiento de los trastornos mentales en America Latina y el Caribe sigue siendo abrumadora. Ademas, las tasas actuales probablemente subestiman el numero de personas sin atencion. La transicion epidemiologica y los cambios en la composicion poblacional acentuaran aun mas la brecha en la atencion en America Latina y el Caribe, a no ser que se formulen nuevas politicas de salud mental o que se actualicen las existentes, procurando incluir en ellas la extension de los programas y servicios.
Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model

I t is always difficult to trace the historical development of a theory that has been the subject of considerable direct study and has directly or indirectly spawned a good deal of additional research. This is certainly true of the Health Belief Model, perhaps even more than usual because the Model grew out of a set of independent, applied research problems with which a group of investigators in the Public Health Service were confronted between 1950 and 1960. Thus, the theory and development of the Model grew simultaneously with the solution of practical problems. Two classes of circumstances should be described which were largely responsible for the type of model that ultimately emerged. These concern the settings in which research was required and the training and background experiences of those who participated in the development of the Model.
A systematic literature review of traceability approaches between software architecture and source code

The links between the software architecture and the source code of a software system should be based on solid traceability mechanisms in order to effectively perform quality control and maintenance of the software system. There are several primary studies on traceability between software architecture and source code but so far no systematic literature review (SLR) has been undertaken. This study presents an SLR which has been carried out to discover the existing traceability approaches and tools between software architecture and source code, as well as the empirical evidence for these approaches, their benefits and liabilities, their relations to software architecture understanding, and issues, barriers, and challenges of the approaches. In our SLR the ACM Guide to Computing Literature has been electronically searched to accumulate the biggest share of relevant scientific bibliographic citations from the major publishers in computing. The search strategy identified 742 citations, out of which 11 have been included in our study, dated from 1999 to July, 2013, after applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our SLR resulted in the identification of the current state-of-the-art of traceability approaches and tools between software architecture and source code, as well as gaps and pointers for further research. Moreover, the classification scheme developed in this paper can serve as a guide for researchers and practitioners to find a specific approach or set of approaches that is of interest to them.
Effect of Various Doses of Cinnamon on Lipid Profile in Diabetic Individuals

The effect of cinnamon doses on blood serum triglyceride (TGL), total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) was studied in type 2 diabetic individuals for 60 days. Sixty type 2 diabetic individuals of both sexes and of age 48± 6.5 years were divided into 6 groups; each group was having 10 individuals. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were assigned for 1g, 3g and 6g cinnamon doses/day respectively. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were assigned for 1g, 3g and 6g placebo doses/day respectively. The doses were equally distributed over the day. Cinnamon and placebo were given in the form of capsules with breakfast, lunch and dinner. The doses were taken for 40 days and after 40 days; there was a 20 days blank period. Fasting blood samples were taken on days 0 (starting day of the experiment) 20, 40 and 60 and blood serums were separated. The TGL, cholesterol, HDL and LDL of blood serum of both the cinnamon and placebo groups were determined. Cinnamon doses significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean fasting serum TGL and cholesterol levels while the placebo doses did not change the serum TGL and cholesterol levels. Cinnamon doses reduced the mean fasting serum HDL levels but the reduction was non significant at P<0.05, while placebo doses did not affect the serum HDL levels. Cinnamon doses significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean fasting serum LDL levels while the placebo doses did not affect the serum LDL levels. The data demonstrated that cinnamon intake reduced blood serum TGL, cholesterol and LDL significantly (P<0.05) in type 2 diabetic individuals. In the light of this research, it is recommended that individuals who have high TGL, cholesterol and LDL levels, they should use cinnamon in their food preparations on regular basis. This will keep their TGL, cholesterol and LDL levels low.
Dieting behaviour and views of young children in Wales

A study is reported into the dieting behaviour and views of young children in Wales during April-July 1994. Interviews were conducted with 100 boys and girls from two age groups (six and nine years old). The results indicated that over 50 per cent of the children thought it was healthy to be thin, 30 per cent expressed a desire to be thinner and 20 per cent reported cutting down on their food intake at some point in order to lose weight. Dieting behaviour and concerns were more common among overweight and female children. The results are discussed in relation to the various pressures children may experience to avoid being overweight.
OpenState: programming platform-independent stateful openflow applications inside the switch

Software Defined Networking envisions smart centralized controllers governing the forwarding behavior of dumb low-cost switches. But are "dumb" switches an actual strategic choice, or (at least to some extent) are they a consequence of the lack of viable alternatives to OpenFlow as programmatic data plane forwarding interface? Indeed, some level of (programmable) control logic in the switches might be beneficial to offload logically centralized controllers (de facto complex distributed systems) from decisions just based on local states (versus network-wide knowledge), which could be handled at wire speed inside the device itself. Also, it would reduce the amount of flow processing tasks currently delegated to specialized middleboxes. The underlying challenge is: can we devise a stateful data plane programming abstraction (versus the stateless OpenFlow match/action table) which still entails high performance and remains consistent with the vendors' preference for closed platforms? We posit that a promising answer revolves around the usage of extended finite state machines, as an extension (super-set) of the OpenFlow match/action abstraction. We concretely turn our proposed abstraction into an actual table-based API, and, perhaps surprisingly, we show how it can be supported by (mostly) reusing core primitives already implemented in OpenFlow devices.
Prevalence and risk factors of trichomoniasis among women in Tabriz

Background: We investigated frequency of trichomoniasis among non-pregnant women in health centers of Tabriz, Iran. Patients and methods: 1000 non-pregnant women aged 15-49 in health centers of Tabriz, Iran were examined by wet smears and Diamond culture methods for Trichomonas vaginalis, during the period of March to September 2005. Results: Among 1000 specimens 92 cases were revealed to be positive for Trichomonas vaginalis by culture method and 31 cases by wet smear method. There was no significant difference in the isolation rate of trichomoniasis in women according to age, occupation, husband education level, abortion, parity, menstrual status and contraception use. The difference in the isolation rate of trichomoniasis in women with marriage age of more than 18 years (10.9%) and in women with marriage age of less than 18 years (8%) was statistically significant. Infection rates in different education levels did not show statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the important diseases with a high prevalence in women in Tabriz. Eradication of this disease is possible with extensive public health education and administration of specific therapeutic agents to the infected patients.
The Diagnostic Value of Hyperbilirubinemia And Total Leucocyte Count in the Evaluation of Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common abdominal emergency encountered in general surgery. In most of the cases, the diagnosis can be made clinically by assessing the symptoms and physical findings and can be confirmed by laboratory tests and ultrasonography. However, diagnosis is difficult sometimes even after all these tests and in such doubtful cases, either the diagnosis is missed or the patient’s normal appendix is operated on, leading to increase in mortality and morbidity. Aims: It is to evaluate the importance of total leukocyte count (TLC) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) in the diagnosis of clinically suspected cases of AA. Settings And Design: This is a prospective study conducted at the Department of Surgery at NGMC, Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, Nepal, from December 2004- Jan 2008. Methods And Material: 122 patients suspected of having appendicitis at clinical evaluation underwent prospective evaluations which included laboratory tests (TLC, LFT, Urine analysis) and ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen. They were operated on and their diagnosis was confirmed per-operatively and post-operatively by histo-pathological examination. Laboratory results, operative findings and histo-pathological findings were compiled, analyzed and compared with reference values. The TLC and total serum bilirubin (TSB) were considered positive for appendicitis when their values were greater than 10 10cell /cmm and > 1.1 mg/dL, respectively. Results: The ages ranged from 8-73 years with a mean of 29.36 years. Out of 122 patients, 21(17.81%) cases belonged to the early group of cases (reported 24 hours after the onset of the symptoms). The histological examination revealed that of the 122 specimens, 118(96.72%) had a positive histology for AA, while 4 (3.22%) had normal histology. TLC was elevated in 93 (76.22%) cases and it was normal in 29 (23.77%) cases. Among the cases that had elevated TLC, only 91(97.84%, CI 14010±254) had a positive histology for AA, while the remaining 2 (2.15%) had normal histology. Among 29 cases that had normal TLC, 27 had positive histology for AA, while the remaining 2 had normal histology. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall diagnostic accuracy are 50%, 77%, 97.8%, 7.4% and 76.22%, respectively. TSB was elevated in 95 cases (77.86%, CI 2.06±0.73), while it was within normal limits in 27 (22.13%) cases. Among the cases that had elevated TBS, all had positive histology for AA, while in cases with normal TBS, 23 had a positive histology for AA, while 4 had normal histology. The specificity, sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and overall diagnostic accuracy are 100%, 80%, 100%, 14% and 81.14%, respectively Liver enzyme changes if any, were not helpful in the diagnosis. Conclusion: Elevated TSB (without severe changes in liver enzymes) was found to be a better laboratory test with 100% specificity, 80% sensitivity and 81.14% overall diagnostic accuracy than TLC with 50% specificity, 77% sensitivity and 76.22% overall diagnostic
Food, Biological Clocks and Health: the Deadly Triangle?

Very recent research has unravelled a most important component of human metabolic homeostasis: the existence and the crucial role of biological clocks. Modern lifestyle has introduced a new paradigm, i.e. the collision between ancestral clock settings and their close interactions with changing alimentary and eating habits. Despite the very beginning of this potential revolutionary medical field, direct consequences of clock desynchronizations become already evident and leave little doubt that major practical consequences in nutrition and medical care will soon emerge for preventing further aggravation of the obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome burden. Food composition and eating time schedules are among the most likely to be first candidates to take into close consideration. This part aims at summarizing this new, exploding area of medical research, making the physicians familiar with practical aspects which might soon be of upmost importance for social health care within few years. doi:10.4021/jem45w