Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Young Adults with Obesity

ABSTRACT Introduction There is a paucity of information on the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults and how this clustering may vary based on whether or not they perform sufficient levels of physical activity. Methods We analyzed baseline data from 346 young adults (23.3 ± 4.4 yr) participating in the Healthy Body Healthy U clinical trial from 2015 to 2018. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured according to standard procedures and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was determined by accelerometry. A cardiometabolic clustering score (ranging from 0 to 5) was created from five biomarkers according to whether or not a standard clinical risk cut point was exceeded (0, no; 1, yes): abdominal circumference (>102 cm (men) or >88 cm (women)), hemoglobin A1c (≥5.7%), HDL cholesterol (<40 mg·dL−1 (men) or <50 mg·dL−1 (women)), systolic blood pressure (≥130 mm Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (≥85 mm Hg). Cardiometabolic dysregulation (CD) was defined as a cardiometabolic clustering score ≥3. Multiple logistic regression determined the independent association between level of MVPA and CD, while adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, sedentary time, and smoking. Results The prevalence of CD was 18% (22% in men, 17% in women). We observed a nonlinear graded association between MVPA and CD. Participants performing 150–300 min·wk−1 of MVPA significantly lowered their odds of CD by 66% (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.75), whereas those exceeding 300 min·wk−1 lowered their odds by 61% (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.86) compared with those performing <150 min·wk−1, independent of obesity and the other covariables. Conclusion Recommended levels of moderate-intensity physical activity is significantly associated with lower odds of CD and thus may prevent or diminish the need for expensive pharmaceutical treatment over the remainder of the life-span.
EXERCISE TRAINING REDUCES REWARD FOR HIGH-FAT FOOD IN PEOPLE WITH OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY.

PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that exercise training may facilitate weight management via improvements in homeostatic appetite control, but little is known about how exercise training affects food reward and susceptibility to overeating. METHODS This study examined changes in food reward and eating behavior traits after a supervised 12-week exercise intervention (10.5 MJ/week) in inactive individuals with overweight/obesity (Exercisers; n=46, 16 males/30 females; BMI=30.6 (SD 3.8) kg/m and age=43.2 (SD 7.5) years compared to non-exercising Controls (n=15; 6 males/9 females; BMI=31.4 (SD 3.7) kg/m and age=41.4 (SD 10.7) years). Liking and wanting scores for high-fat relative to low-fat foods was assessed with the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire before and after consumption of an isoenergetic high-fat (HFAT) or high-carbohydrate (HCHO) lunch. Eating behavior traits were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Binge Eating Scale. RESULTS A week by group interaction indicated that wanting scores decreased from baseline to post-intervention in Exercisers only (M[INCREMENT]Pre-Post= -4.1, p=0.03, ηp=0.09, 95%CI= -7.8 to -0.4), but there was no exercise effect on liking. There was also a week by group interaction for binge eating, which decreased in Exercisers only (M[INCREMENT]Pre-Post= -1.5, p=0.01, ηp=0.11, 95%CI= -2.7 to -0.4). A small reduction in disinhibition was also apparent in Exercisers (M[INCREMENT]Pre-Post= -0.7, p=0.02, ηp=0.10, 95%CI= -1.3 to -0.1). CONCLUSION This study showed that 12 weeks of exercise training reduced wanting scores for high-fat foods and trait markers of overeating in individuals with overweight/obesity compared to non-exercising Controls. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these exercise-induced changes in food reward.
Weight gain and growth efficiency in Marwari sheep under arid condition of Rajasthan

Records of 1224 Marwari lambs of tester and elite group born during 1994 to 1998 were analysed to assess the impact of sex, genetic group and year of birth on gain in body weight and growth efficiency. The over all least-squares means of gain in body weight and growth efficiency during 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 9–12 months of age were 9.95±0.061, 4.28±0.054, 3.11±0.050 and 2.62±0.053 kg and 3.35±0.021, 0.33±0.004, 0.19±0.003, 0.12±0.003 kg, respectively. Sex and year of birth showed highly significant (P<0.01) influence on all body weight gains and efficiency except the influence of sex on gain in weight at 9–12 months of age, which was non-significant. The genetic group was having significant effect on gain in weight imd growth efficiency during in 0–3 and 9–12 months. Regression of dam's weight at lambing on gain during period of 0–3 months body weight was highly significant, whereas regression of birth weight was non-significant. Regression of birth weight and 3 months body weight on gain in body weight during period of 3–6 months was highly significant, whereas regression of 3 months body weight was non-significant. Regression of 3 and 6 months body weight on gain during 6–9 months and 9–12 months were significant but negative in 6 months body weight. Regression of dam's weight at lambing, birth, 3 and 6 months on efficiency of weight gain during different periods of growth was found to be significant. except growth etficiency traits during 6–9 months and 3 months body weight. The negative regression of birth weight, 3 and 6 months weight indicated that the lambs having higher body weight at birth, 3 and 6 months age might not grow taster at subsequent ages suggestive rhythmical trend in growth rate.
A high prevalence of arterial hypertension in patients with mitochondrial diseases

The prevalence of arterial hypertension in mitochondrial diseases remains unknown. Between January 2000 and May 2014, we retrospectively included patients with genetically proven mitochondrial diseases. We recorded clinical, genetic and cardiac exploration data, including the measure of arterial pressure. Among the 260 patients included in the study (mean age = 44 ± 15 years, women = 158), 108 (41.5%) presented with arterial hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension by sex and age was higher than that observed in the general population for all groups. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in patients with MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes) mutations (66%) and MERRF (myoclonus, epilepsy, ataxia with ragged ref fibres) mutations (61%). In patients with MELAS mutation, the presence of hypertension was significantly associated with age and mutation rate in the blood (odds ratio = 1.12; P = .02) in multivariate analysis. The prevalence of hypertension was more important in patients having a mitochondrial disease. The increased risk was more important in patient with MELAS or MERRF and depended on the rate of heteroplasmy.
Biomimetic dual-oriented/bilayered electrospun scaffold for vascular tissue engineering

Abstract Natural blood vessels have a multi-layered, cell-specific oriented spatial structure, mimicking of this structure is a promising way for blood vessel regeneration. In this study, a newly developed dual-oriented/bilayered small-diameter tubular scaffold was electrospun using a mixture of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and gelatin. The nanofiber orientations of the bilayers were spatially perpendicular to each other, aiming at guiding cell-specific orientation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro respectively. The results showed that the hydrophilicity of scaffold was greatly improved by gelatin, and the mechanical property of this scaffold was the best among all. The in vitro degradation demonstrated that by mixing of three biodegradable polymers, a relatively fast degradation rate was achieved. After SMCs and ECs were seeded on scaffolds, cell viability, cellular morphology, and cytoskeleton behavior were investigated. The results revealed that as-electrospun scaffolds could promote both SMCs and ECs proliferation. Moreover, topographic cues offered by oriented nanofibers could guide the growth and orientation of SMCs and ECs. Therefore, the dual-oriented/bilayered electrospun scaffold is a superior structural and functional analogue to natural blood vessel and a potential candidate for vascular tissue engineering.
How Social Media Exposure to Health Information Influences Chinese People’s Health Protective Behavior during Air Pollution: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective

ABSTRACT Haze has become one of the most life-threatening problems in China and affects over one billion Chinese people’s health. Chinese people have become more dependent on receiving health information from social media, especially Weibo and WeChat, which shapes their health perceptions and behaviors. To investigate how Chinese people’s exposure to health information on social media influenced their health protective behaviors in response to haze, particularly wearing a PM2.5 anti-haze mask, we conducted a longitudinal web-based survey of mainland Chinese. The results from the structural equation modeling showed that (a) attitude and descriptive norm positively mediated the relationships between using Weibo for health information and behavioral intention while descriptive norm negatively mediated the relationship between using WeChat for health information and intention, and that (b) attitude, descriptive norm, and injunctive norm significantly predicted behavioral intention and wearing mask, but perceived behavior control did not. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Vulnerability to ethanol sensitization predicts higher intake and motivation to self‐administer ethanol: Proof of the incentive salience sensitization theory?

Ethanol‐induced behavioral sensitization (EIBS) is thought to play a key role in addiction. However, whether EIBS is linked to an increase in the motivation to self‐administerethanol in an operant paradigm has never been demonstrated, and thus, the motivational sensitization theory (increase in drug wanting) has not been yet confirmed. We investigated using the operant ethanol self‐administrationparadigm if the motivation to self‐administerethanol (breakpoint) is increased in female mice prone to develop EIBS. Outbred female Swiss mice were treated once a day with 2.5‐g ethanol per kilogram during 10 days and challenged with the same dose of ethanol 7 days later. EIBS‐pronegroup was characterized by a significant increase in locomotion between the challenge day and day 1. When the difference was not significant, mice were considered as the “EIBS‐resistant”group. Mice were then trained to nose poke for a 20% ethanol solution reinforcer under a FR1 and then a FR‐2schedule of reinforcement. Motivation was assessed more directly with a progressive ratio schedule. Our results show that there is a positive correlation between EIBS and both the level of intake and motivation. Interestingly, acquisition of ethanol self‐administrationwas faster in sensitized mice that also display a quick and long‐lastingincrease in ethanol intake together with a lack of effect of alcohol challenge on c‐Fosexpression restricted to the dorsolateral striatum. These results further support that EIBS vulnerability is crucial in the development of addictive behaviors and suggest a potential link with habit learning processes.
Assessment of the knowledge and attitudes of preliminary school students toward smoking in Baghdad

Background: Early smoking considered as a major challenge for health promoters, as well it is socially not acceptable, thus interventions must tackle childhood starts of smoking. Aim: Assessing the knowledge and attitude of preliminary students towards tobacco use. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 2195, 5th grade students from 30 preliminary schools in Baghdad (15 from each side Karkh & Rusafa) during November 2014. They were selected by multistage sampling technique. Results: Participated students age ranged between (10-13) years and (51.9%) of them were girls, (54.3%) of their parents were nonsmoker while the rest reported that both or one of them are smokers, direct and indirect risks of cigarette smoking were known by (82.4%) and (66.2%) respectively, and (70.8%) of students’ families were found to wear their kids from smoking hazards, while more than (50%) of them have received health education massages from their teachers. Sitting near smoker person was not in favor of (86.2%) of the participants, as (51.4%) considered it religiously inconvenient and (34.6%) considered smoking as a sign of no self-confidence. At last, (73.7%) of the surveyed students agreed with smoking prohibition in public places while (25.8%) opposed that. Conclusion: In spite of the high percentage of students’ parents were smokers; nevertheless, risks of smoking are well known by the surveyed students and they showed positive attitudes toward smoking prohibition in public places. Parental advising for quit smoking and urging teachers to educate their students about smoking hazards are thought to be the right action.
AUTOMATIC CONTINUITY AND C0(Ω)-LINEARITY OF LINEAR MAPS BETWEEN C0(Ω)-MODULES

Let Ω be a locally compact Hausdorff space. We show that any local Clinear map (where “local” is a weaker notion than C0(Ω)-linearity) between Banach C0(Ω)-modules are “nearly C0(Ω)-linear” and “nearly bounded”. As an application, a local C-linear map θ between Hilbert C0(Ω)-modules is automatically C0(Ω)-linear. If, in addition, Ω contains no isolated point, then any C0(Ω)-linear map between Hilbert C0(Ω)-modules is automatically bounded. Another application is that if a sequence of maps {θn} between two Banach spaces “preserve c0-sequences” (or “preserve ultra-c0sequences”), then θn is bounded for large enough n and they have a common bound. Moreover, we will show that if θ is a bijective “biseparating” linear map from a “full” essential Banach C0(Ω)-module E into a “full” Hilbert C0(∆)-module F (where ∆ is another locally compact Hausdorff space), then θ is “nearly bounded” (in fact, it is automatically bounded if ∆ or Ω contains no isolated point) and there exists a homeomorphism σ : ∆ → Ω such that θ(e · φ) = θ(e) · φ ◦ σ (e ∈ E,φ ∈ C0(Ω)). 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46H40, 46L08, 46H25.
The glass is half empty: Negative self-appraisal bias and attenuated neural response to positive self-judgment in adolescence

ABSTRACT Substantial changes in cognitive-affective self-referential processing occur during adolescence. We studied the behavioral and ERP correlates of self-evaluation in healthy male and female adolescents aged 12–17 (N = 109). Participants completed assessments of depression symptoms and puberty as well as a self-referential encoding task while 128-channel high-density EEG data were collected. Depression symptom severity was associated with increased endorsement of negative words and longer reaction times. In an extreme group analysis, a negative appraisal-bias subsample (n = 28) displayed decreased frontal P2 amplitudes to both positive and negative word stimuli, reflecting reduced early attentional processing and emotional salience. Compared to the positive appraisal-bias subsample (n = 27), the negative appraisal-bias subsample showed reduced LPP to positive words but not negative words, suggesting attenuated sustained processing of positive self-relevant stimuli. Findings are discussed in terms of neural processes associated with ERPs during negative versus positive self-appraisal bias, and developmental implications.
Memory profiles predict dementia over 23-28 years in normal but not successful aging.

OBJECTIVES Prospective studies suggest that memory deficits are detectable decades before clinical symptoms of dementia emerge. However, individual differences in long-term memory trajectories prior to diagnosis need to be further elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate long-term dementia and mortality risk for individuals with different memory trajectory profiles in a well-characterized population-based sample. METHODS 1062 adults (aged 45-80 years) who were non-demented at baseline were followed over 23-28 years. Dementia and mortality risk were studied for three previously classified episodic memory trajectory groups: maintained high performance (Maintainers; 26%), average decline (Averages; 64%), and accelerated decline (Decliners; 12%), using multistate modeling to characterize individuals' transitions from an initial non-demented state, possibly to a state of dementia and/or death. RESULTS The memory groups showed considerable intergroup variability in memory profiles, starting 10-15 years prior to dementia diagnosis, and prior to death. A strong relationship between memory trajectory group and dementia risk was found. Specifically, Decliners had more than a fourfold risk of developing dementia compared to Averages. In contrast, Maintainers had a 2.6 times decreased dementia risk compared to Averages, and in addition showed no detectable memory decline prior to dementia diagnosis. A similar pattern of association was found for the memory groups and mortality risk, although only among non-demented. CONCLUSION There was a strong relationship between accelerated memory decline and dementia, further supporting the prognostic value of memory decline. The intergroup differences, however, suggest that mechanisms involved in successful memory aging may delay symptom onset.
Comparison of Endoscope-Assisted Coblation Adenoidectomy to Conventional Curettage Adenoidectomy in Terms of Postoperative Eustachian Tube Function.

INTRODUCTION Adenoidectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children in otorhinolaryngology practice. This study aims to compare the conventional curettage adenoidectomy (CCA) and the endoscope-assisted coblation adenoidectomy (EACA) in terms of the postoperative Eustachian tube function and the surgical outcomes. METHODS A prospective, randomized, controlled study was carried out at a tertiary referral center and private hospital. Seventy-two adenoid hypertrophy patients without middle ear disease were randomly assigned to 2 groups to be operated via CCA and EACA techniques prior to surgery. Parameters including middle ear pressure values (MEPV), operative time, intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative residual adenoid tissue, and postoperative pain were compared between groups. RESULTS In the CCA group for both ears, there was a statistically significant difference between preoperative mean MEPV and mean MEPV of postoperative day 1, while MEPV returned to normal ranges at the postoperative day 7. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean MEPV on preoperatively and 1st and 7th postoperative days in the EACA group for both right and left ears. Mean operative time was significantly higher in the EACA group compared to the CCA group (P < 0.001). Eight (22.2%) out of 36 patients who underwent CCA had a residual adenoid tissue postoperatively, while there was no residual adenoid tissue in any patients who operated via the EACA technique. Mean pain score on postoperative day 1 and 2 and blood loss were significantly less in the EACA group than the CCA group. CONCLUSION Endoscope-assisted coblation adenoidectomy may serve a reasonable alternative to conventional curettage adenoidectomy because it provides Eustachian tube functions preserved, decreased intraoperative hemorrhage, complete resection of the adenoid tissue, and lower pain score.
Indonesian adolescents’ experiences during pregnancy and early parenthood: a qualitative study

Abstract Background This study explored Indonesian adolescents’ experiences of (premarital-conceived) pregnancy and early parenthood. The findings provide insight into participants’ journeys with a central thread of culture and religion running through them. Methods Using an exploratory qualitative approach, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit 20 participants. Overall, 36 one-to-one, in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach and coauthors confirmed the credibility of the analytical process. Findings Cultural and religious ideologies about premarital sex strongly influenced government policies, social practices and unwritten social ideology, norms, values and behavior. Pre-marital pregnancy was socially unacceptable. Access to education and work was limited. Participants were nurtured by their parents with emotional, financial and nutritional support if they complied to marry and adopt socially acceptable roles. Adolescent males overwhelmingly wanted to undertake their responsibilities whilst the distress for females was overwhelming. Spirituality provided participants a way to manage their distress, seek forgiveness and develop transformational self-belief. Conclusion Indonesian adolescents and young parents’ experiences revealed the powerful influence of cultural and religion upon policy and social structure. The study shows a unique insight into the influence of spirituality and the compliant and nurturing behavior within a family structure.
Association between Cerebrovascular Reactivity Monitoring and Mortality is preserved when adjusting for baseline admission characteristics in Adult TBI: A CENTER-TBI Study.

Cerebral autoregulation, as measured using the pressure reactivity index (PRx), has been related to global patient outcome in adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, this has been documented without accounting for standard baseline admission characteristics and intra-cranial pressure (ICP). We evaluated this association adjusting for baseline admission characteristics and ICP in a multi-center prospective cohort. We derived PRx as the correlation between ICP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in prospectively collected multi-center data from the High-Resolution Intensive Care Unit (ICU) cohort of the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) study. Multi-variable logistic regression models were analysed to assess the association between global outcome (measured as either mortality or dichotomised Glasgow Outcome Score - Extended; GOSE)), and a range of covariates (IMPACT Core and CT variables, ICP, and PRx). The performance of these models in outcome association was compared using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and Nagelkerke's Pseudo-R2. Moderate and severe TBI, with high frequency physiologic monitoring during their ICU stay, and long-term outcome assessments. Association between PRx and dichotomized GOSE at 6 months post injury, when controlling for admission baseline variables and ICP. 193 patients had complete data set for analysis. The addition of % time above threshold for PRx improved AUC and statistically significant increases in Nagelkerke's pseudo-R2 over the IMPACT Core and IMPACT Core + CT models for mortality. The addition of PRx monitoring to IMPACT Core +/- CT + ICP models accounted for additional variance in mortality, when compared to models with IMPACT Core +/- CT + ICP alone. The addition of cerebrovascular reactivity monitoring, through PRx, provides a statistically significant increase in association with mortality at 6 months. Our data suggests cerebrovascular reactivity monitoring may provide complementary information regarding outcomes in TBI. Keywords: Autoregulation, Cerebrovascular reactivity, IMPACT, outcome analysis.