Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Nutritional status and risk in hospitalized children].

BACKGROUND A few studies report malnutrition in hospitalized patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This one-day cross-sectional survey performed in January 1999 assessed nutritional status and protein-energy intake in a pediatric population hospitalized in medicine or surgery units. Every child older than six months, hospitalized for more than 48 h and free of nutritional support (parenteral, enteral, or special regimens for metabolic diseases) was included. RESULTS Fifty-eight children among the 183 present the day of the study met the inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analysis. They were hospitalized in medicine (48%), psychiatry (31%) and surgery (21%). The body mass index (BMI) was below -2 standard deviations (DS) in 21% of them. Excluding patients with anorexia nervosa, BMI was < -2 SD, > +2 SD, or in between these limits in respectively 12, 14 and 74%. Energy intake measured at the hospital was below 75% of the recommended dietary allowances in two-thirds of the children whether malnourished or not. Fifty percent of the malnourished children had been referred to a dietician the day of the study. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is frequent in a population of hospitalized children. Energy intake and referral to a dietician are insufficient.
Ein unbekannter Schatz: Wie bestimmen Unternehmen in Deutschland den Wert ihrer Daten?

Die Erhebung, die Analyse und die Verwertung von Daten sind zentrale Treiber der digitalen Wirtschaft. Aber auch in Branchen, die nicht primar der Digitalwirtschaft zuzuordnen sind, nimmt die Bedeutung von Daten fur den Unternehmenserfolg zu. Grundlage fur eine effiziente Datenbewirtschaftung ist die Bewertung der Daten. Die vorliegende Studie liefert eine Bestandsaufnahme der von deutschen Unternehmen verwendeten Datenbewertungsmethoden. Fur die empirische Analyse wurden auf Basis des IW-Zukunftspanels im Fruhjahr 2018 insgesamt 1.235 Unternehmen aus Branchen der Industrie und der industrienahen Dienstleistungen befragt. Es wird analysiert, ob und zu welchen Zwecken Unternehmen unterschiedlicher Branchen, Grose, Internationalisierung und Digitalorientierung ihre Daten bewerten. Auserdem wird gepruft, welche Unternehmenscharakteristika dazu fuhren, dass eine der untersuchten Methoden der Datenbewertung von den Unternehmen praferiert wird. Auf diese Weise wird ein Status quo der Bewertung von Daten in deutschen Firmen ermittelt. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass die Datenbewertung unter deutschen Unternehmen noch ein Randthema ist. Die meisten Firmen bewerten ihre Daten nicht und haben dies auch nicht vor. Von den Unternehmen im vorliegenden Sample evaluieren hauptsachlich diejenigen ihre Daten, die digitale Produkte anbieten. Wenn Unternehmen ihre Daten bewerten, nutzen sie in der Regel mehr als eine Methode. Am haufigsten bewerten die Firmen nach den Kosten sowie nach der Qualitat und Aktualitat der Daten. Eine klare Praferenz fur eine bestimmte Methode oder ein bestimmtes Kriterium der Datenbewertung ist aus den Befragungsdaten jedoch nicht ersichtlich. Das unterstreicht die Komplexitat der Datenbewertung in der Praxis.
Semantic Web Enabled Software Analysis

One of the most important decisions researchers face when analyzing software systems is the choice of a proper data analysis/exchange format. In this paper, we present EvoOnt, a set of software ontologies and data exchange formats based on OWL. EvoOnt models software design, release history information, and bug-tracking meta-data. Since OWL describes the semantics of the data, EvoOnt (1) is easily extendible, (2) can be processed with many existing tools, and (3) allows to derive assertions through its inherent Description Logic reasoning capabilities. The contribution of this paper is that it introduces a novel software evolution ontology that vastly simplifies typical software evolution analysis tasks. In detail, we show the usefulness of EvoOnt by repeating selected software evolution and analysis experiments from the 2004-2007 Mining Software Repositories Workshops (MSR). We demonstrate that if the data used for analysis were available in EvoOnt then the analyses in 75% of the papers at MSR could be reduced to one or at most two simple queries within off-the-shelf SPARQL tools. In addition, we present how the inherent capabilities of the Semantic Web have the potential of enabling new tasks that have not yet been addressed by software evolution researchers, e.g., due to the complexities of the data integration.
Uncle Sam Rising: Performance Implications of Business-to-Government Relationships

This article uses multimethod approaches to develop a conceptual foundation for and empirical evidence of the performance implications of business-to-government (B2G) relationships. In-depth interviews reveal unique characteristics that differentiate B2G exchanges from commercial exchanges (e.g., procurement mission; regulations and oversight; scale, scope, and planning horizon) and highlight the resultant cost–benefit trade-offs for firms in this environment. Empirical longitudinal analyses of secondary data show that a firm’s government customer emphasis (firm revenue dependence on B2G relationships) exerts a positive nonlinear effect on firm value but also increases firm risk (idiosyncratic and systematic). Government customer breadth and depth are two critical customer portfolio characteristics that moderate these effects. High government customer breadth creates more costs associated with an increasing government customer emphasis, mitigating the positive nonlinear effect on firm value. However, breadth provides diversification benefits that alleviate the increase in idiosyncratic risk that comes with greater government customer emphasis. Deep B2G relationships give firms key customer domain knowledge and insights, which help counteract the increased idiosyncratic and systematic risks of government customer emphasis. The authors discuss the implications for marketing theory and practice.
Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Canada: national survey.

OBJECTIVE To characterize pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs in terms of their type, size, duration, patient population, content and staffing. DESIGN Surveys were sent to members of the Rehabilitation Committee of the Canadian Thoracic Society, as well as any program identified by members of the Canadian Physiotherapy Cardio-Respiratory Society, by provincial lung associations or by the respondents. PARTICIPANTS Of 51 surveys sent, responses were received from 44 facilities (86% response rate). In-patient or out-patient pulmonary rehabilitation programs were offered by 36 facilities. RESULTS Most programs (97%) admitted out-patients, and 22% had an in-patient capability. Out-patient programs enrolled 13 patients (median 11; range five to 48) at a given time for a duration of 8.3 weeks (range two to 26). In-patient programs enrolled nine patients at a given time (range two to 26) for 4.6 weeks (range one to eight). Programs included patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (100%), restrictive disease (93%), asthma (82%), adults with cystic fibrosis (46%), patients pre- or postlung transplantation (45%) and patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support (18%). Breathing retraining, education and upper extremity training were incorporated in more than 90% of all programs. Only one-third of programs offered smoking cessation as part of the rehabilitation. Education sessions on medications and inhaler usage were included in most programs, but sexuality was addressed in only half the programs. CONCLUSIONS This first comprehensive national survey of PR programs in Canada shows that there are similarities in the format, content and staffing of PR programs. Programs are only able to service a small percentage of patients with chronic respiratory conditions.
Cellular Immune Response to Cytomegalovirus Infection After Renal Transplantation

A prospective study of 15 patients who received renal transplants defined the effect of renal transplantation on the cellular immune response to cytomegalovirus infection. Of 15 patients, 14 developed cytomegalovirus infection, usually in the first 2 months after transplantation, and all infections were accompanied by a normal humoral immune response. After the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and transplantation, there was a general depression of lymphocyte transformation, as reflected in the response to phytohemagglutinin, accompanied by a specific defect in cellular immunity, as indicated by lymphocyte transformation to cytomegalovirus antigen. Eleven patients had cellular immunity to cytomegalovirus before transplantation, and all of these became negative in the first month after transplantation. In subsequent months, only 6 of the 14 study patients with cytomegalovirus infection developed specific cellular immune responses to cytomegalovirus. This occurred most often in patients who had severe febrile illnesses in association with infection. The specific cellular immune response which developed in the posttransplant period did not persist in three of the patients. This study demonstrates the dissociation of the humoral and cellular immune response to cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant patients and indicates the importance of the loss of cellular immunity in the appearance of infection. Previously infected patients lost their cell-mediated immunity and had reactivation infections despite the presence of serum antibody.
A Better Comparison Summary of Credit Scoring Classification

The credit scoring aim is to classify the customer credit as defaulter or non-defaulter. The credit risk analysis is more effective with further boosting and smoothing of the parameters of models. The objective of this paper is to explore the credit score classification models with an imputation technique and without imputation technique. However, data availability is low in case of without imputation because of missing values depletion from the large dataset. On the other hand, imputation based dataset classification accuracy with linear method of ANN is better than other models. The comparison of models with boosting and smoothing shows that error rate is better metric than area under curve (AUC) ratio. It is concluded that artificial neural network (ANN) is better alternative than decision tree and logistic regression when data availability is high in dataset.
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV I-II) infection among patients in an inner-city emergency department.

OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence and epidemiologic features of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV I-II) among an emergency department patient population with a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. DESIGN Prospective survey using identity-unlinked consecutive sampling during a 6-week period in 1988. SETTING Inner-city teaching hospital. PATIENTS Sequential sample of 2544 adult patients with sufficient excess sera for analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-eight (1.1%) (95% CI, 0.7% to 1.5%) serum samples were seropositive for HTLV I-II whereas 152 (6.0%) (CI, 5.1% to 6.9%) were seropositive for HIV-1. The age distribution of HTLV I-II was similar to the study population while HIV-1 was concentrated among younger (25 to 44 years) age groups (P less than 0.05). Only 16 (57.1%) HTLV I-II infected patients had identified risk factors; 11 were intravenous drug users, 4 received transfusions, and 1 had heterosexual exposure to a high-risk partner. None of 39 identified homosexual men had HTLV I-II antibodies although 29 (74.3%) were HIV-1 seropositive. CONCLUSION HTLV I-II infection may be more prevalent among certain segments of the U.S. population than previously realized and appears to have a different demographic distribution than HIV-1 infection. Although HTLV I-II may represent a nosocomial risk to health care providers, the risk of occupational transmission is probably less than for hepatitis B virus and even HIV-1. Adherence to universal precautions should minimize the risk.
Partial Shift Mapping for PAPR Reduction with Low Complexity in OFDM Systems

The high peak‐to‐average power is one of the main drawbacks in OFDM systems. This letter proposes a partial shift mapping (PSM) method for peak power reduction in OFDM systems. By utilizing the properties of the discrete Fourier transform, the proposed method generates a set of candidate signals without additional complex multiplication and selects the one with minimum peak power for transmission. Analyses and simulations confirm that the PSM method achieves satisfactory peak power reduction performance and low complexity compared with other kindred methods, for example, selected mapping and partial transmit sequences.
Extending CSR in SMEs’ upstream supply chains: a dynamic capabilities perspective

ABSTRACT In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has benefited from a renewed interest in supply chains. However, little scholarly attention has been paid to the CSR practices in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)’ supply chains that lie beyond the first-tier supplier. Drawing from the dynamic capabilities perspective, the purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine how SMEs extend CSR into their multi-tier supply chain (MSC); and second, to investigate the drivers of and the barriers to this process. A multiple-case study was conducted to examine six triadic relationships of SMEs including sub-suppliers. We performed within-case and cross-case analyses. The study shows that SMEs use ‘co-evolving’ or ‘reflexive control’ capabilities to extend CSR to the SME first-tier supplier. The findings reveal that, in contrast, SMEs use ‘active delegation’, ‘supply chain re-conceptualization’ capabilities or a ‘don’t bother’ approach to extend CSR to the SME second-tier supplier. Besides, our study shows that the type of internal drivers (instrumental or normative) determines the dynamic capabilities implemented at the first-tier and at the second-tier supplier level, while external drivers are weak and the barriers are primarily internal.
Reconstruction of Nonunion Tibial Fractures in War-Wounded Iraqi Civilians, 2006–2008: Better Late Than Never

Objective: To describe medical care and surgical outcome after functional reconstructive surgery in late-presenting patients who already had at least one prior operation. Design: Retrospective review of medical care and surgical outcome from August 2006 to December 2008 using patient records for initial data with active follow-up for the latest outcome information. Setting: Médecins sans Frontières surgical programme in Jordan Red Crescent Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Patients: Sixty-two civilians with nonunion tibial fractures caused by war-related trauma in Iraq; 53 completed follow-up. Intervention: Amputation and/or reconstruction. Main Outcome Measurements: Late surgical complications (after the patient's return to Iraq) were analyzed for infection recurrence, bone union, and functional condition (defined using the Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment score). Results: Almost three fourths of patients arrived with infected injuries, 9 of whom had amputation as the initial surgery; the rest, and all uninfected patients, had reconstruction. Excluding loss to follow-up, only 4 of 53 (8%) patients who arrived with an infected injury had infection recurrence. Excluding loss to follow-up and amputation, 2 of 14 (14%) patients in the uninfected and 5 of 30 (17%) in the infected injury group did not achieve successful tibial union. Mean Dysfunctional and Bothersome Indices overall were 27.1 and 29.8, respectively, with similar results for all 3 groups (amputations, uninfected, and infected injuries). Conclusions: Our study shows that patients with infected and uninfected injuries surgically treated in Amman achieved similar outcomes. Despite late presentation, our patients had a comparable outcome to other studies dealing with early reconstruction. Reconstruction for the infected group required longer treatment time. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Experiment of beneficial clipping DCO-OFDM based visible light communication

This paper investigate the performance of a proposed optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in a short-range intensity-modulated, direct-detected (IM/DD) optical channel. Because of the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem of the OFDM modulation scheme, the beneficial clipping method has been proposed to improve the performance of communication system. In the optical OFDM system, light emitting diode (LED) is the nonlinear product and cannot been neglected. Therefore, we derive the bit error ratio (BER) expression when the OFDM signal through the third-order polynomial model of LED in this paper. The experiment of beneficial clipping method for a DCO-OFDM based visible light communication system is conducted. With a best clipping ratio, the BER improvement of the system achieves −5.56dB, similar to the theory analysis result.
University of Groningen Development of adjuvanted influenza vaccines for pulmonary delivery

Vaccines for protection against respiratory infections should optimally induce a mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract in addition to a systemic immune response. However, current parenteral immunization modalities generally fail to induce mucosal immunity, while mucosal vaccine delivery often results in poor systemic immunity. In order to find an immunization strategy which satisfies the need for induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, we compared local and systemic immune responses elicited by two mucosal immunizations, given either by the intranasal (IN) or the intrapulmonary (IPL) route, with responses elicited by a mucosal prime followed by a systemic boost immunization. The study was conducted in Balb/c mice and the vaccine formulation was an influenza subunit vaccine supplemented with GPI-0100, a saponin-derived adjuvant. While optimal mucosal antibody titers were obtained after two intrapulmonary vaccinations, optimal systemic antibody responses were achieved by intranasal prime followed by intramuscular boost. The latter strategy also resulted in the best T cell response, yet, it was ineffective in inducing nose or lung IgA. Successful induction of secretory IgA, IgG and T cell responses was only achieved with prime-boost strategies involving intrapulmonary immunization and was optimal when both immunizations were given via the intrapulmonary route. Our results underline that immunization via the lungs is particularly effective for priming as well as boosting of local and systemic immune responses.
Reputation-based Agreements : From Individual to Collective Opinions ∗

Reputation mechanisms have been developed during last few years as valid methods to allow agents to better select partners in organisational environments. In most of works presented in the literature, reputation is summarised as a value, typically a number, that represents an opinion sent by an agent to another about a certain third party. In this work, we put forward a novel concept of reputation-based agreement in order to support the reputation definition, as well as, some desirable properties about it. We define a reputation service that collects opinions from agents, so creating agreements over situations. This service will also be in charge of presenting the information by using different informative mechanisms. On the other hand, we analyse how to enforce agents to send their opinions to the reputation service by adding incentive mechanisms. Finally, two different case studies are presented to exemplify our work.
Comparing Business Experts and Novices in Complex Problem Solving

Business owners are faced with complex problems and are required to make decisions on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to investigate complex problem solving (CPS) between experts and novices and to explore the competing theories of expert-rigidity versus expert-adaptability, as part of exploring which theory better explains crystallized intelligence. Participants were 140 business owners, business management undergraduate students and psychology students. Each participant managed a highly complex simulated chocolate company. Decisions and systems data were automatically saved in log files. Results revealed that small business owners performed best, followed by business students and then psychology students. A process analysis revealed that experts compared to novices spent more time initially exploring the complex situation. Experts were found to have greater flexibility in their decisions, having made the most personnel and advertising changes in response to situational demands. Adaptability and flexibility were predictive of performance, with results supporting the adaptability/flexibility theory of expertise. This study shows the influence of expertise on complex problem solving and the importance of flexibility when solving dynamic business problems. Complex business simulations are not only useful tools for research, but could also be used as tools in training programs teaching decision making and problem solving strategies.
Low-power design of a self-powered piezoelectric energy harvesting system

A low-power energy harvesting system targeting to harvest several microwatts from vibration is presented in this paper. The system consists of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and a power condition circuit. The proposed circuit store energy by an integrated bimorph piezoelectric generator that extracts energy from ambient vibrations. The generator is fabricated using thick film printing technology. The experiment measured that the generator produced a maximum RMS output power of 100 uW when excited at vibration with a frequency of 30 Hz and peak amplitude of 0.5 g (4.9 m·s-2). Our research show that the proposed system can store the generated power effectively and deliver a smooth and reliable DC to power up a wireless sensor node (WSN).
Streptomyces griseus Enhances Denitrification by Ralstonia pickettii K50, Which Is Possibly Mediated by Histidine Produced during Co-Culture

Ralstonia pickettii K50 (strain K50) is a denitrifying bacterium that produces low levels of N2O under aerobic conditions. In this study, we found that co-culturing of strain K50 with Streptomyces griseus significantly enhanced the denitrification activity of strain K50 in an artificial wastewater (AWW) system. Most factors that enhance denitrification activity were in the high molecular weight fraction of the cell-free broth of S. griseus, and were suggested to be extracellular proteases. Further investigation revealed that the cultivation of strain K50 in protease-treated AWW medium fully enhanced denitrification, and that a shortage of amino acids in the medium limited it. Among the 20 standard amino acids tested, only histidine had a significant effect in inducing denitrification by strain K50. Our results indicatate that histidine is a novel inducer of bacterial denitrification.
Indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 western blots: seroconversion risk, specificity of supplemental tests, and an algorithm for evaluation.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Western blot is indeterminate in 10%-20% of sera reactive by EIA. Eighty-nine individuals with prior repeatedly reactive EIA and indeterminate Western blots were followed prospectively to study the risk of seroconversion and specificity of supplemental tests. Four high-risk cases seroconverted within 10 months after enrollment (seroconversion risk, 4.5%, 95% confidence interval, 1.2%-11.1%). Among cases with p24 bands initially, 4 (18.2%) of 22 high-risk individuals seroconverted compared with 0 of 33 low-risk cases (P = .03). Specificities of HIV-1 culture, serum p24 antigen, polymerase chain reaction, and recombinant ENV 9 EIA were 100%, 100%, 98.6%, and 94.4%, respectively. An expedited evaluation protocol is proposed. Low-risk individuals with nonreactive EIAs upon repeat testing do not need further follow-up; high-risk individuals should be followed serologically for at least 6 months, especially those with p24 bands on Western blot.