Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Its Association with Vitamin D

The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is generally characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, and polycystic ovaries. The clinical presentation of the PCOS may include acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, weight gain, and insulin resistance. The prevalence of PCOS, although varied by diagnostic criteria, is estimated to be as high as 15% to 20% [1]. In the United States, PCOS is the most common cause of an anovulatory infertility (90% to 95%) and infertility affects about 40% of PCOS women [1-3]. There is an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) in women with PCOS. In a large Danish study, the total event rate of DMII was 4 times higher in the PCOS group compared to the controls and diagnosis of DMII occurred at a median age of 31 in the PCOS group versus 35 years in the control group [4]. Considering the prevalence of PCOS and its long-term implications, it has become important to explore recent therapeutic findings involving the association between PCOS and vitamin D.
“ Bakit Ka Kumakayod ? ” Developing a Filipino Needs Theory of Motivation

This study utilized a mixed method sequential exploratory strategy in investigating the needs of the Filipino working population and the relationship between these needs and employee engagement. In the first phase, workers were interviewed to determine the needs that motivate them. In the second phase, a survey with 302 workers elicited four types of needs: job-related, career-related, organization-related, and familyrelated. Among these, family is a novel addition to the extant theories of work motivation in the West. The importance and presence of these four factors were all significantly correlated with employee engagement. Three models were tested to describe the importance and presence of needs as predictors of employee engagement. The best fitting model was the presence of needs as predictors of engagement. Among the needs, it was those related to the job that predicted employee engagement.
The Tipping Game ∗

This paper shows that in the presence of a tipping point in a natural system, stable partial cooperation may prevent tipping and if this is not possible, the remaining gains of cooperation are small. This is good news, because the big loss of ecosystem services from tipping can often be avoided. Moreover, the usual grim story that a high level of cooperation is hard to achieve and usually leaves large possible gains of cooperation, does not hold in the presence of a tipping point. These results are shown for a simple tipping game, with constant inputs and piecewise linear dynamics, and for the well-known lake game, with timedependent inputs and convex-concave dynamics. Tipping back to good conditions can also be induced by stable partial cooperation, but this paper shows that this is more vulnerable to free-riding. Therefore, a natural system that is physically reversible may prove to be socially
Community Policing in Nigeria : Challenges , Prospects and Implications for National Security

he major socioeconomic problem in Nigeria that constitutes a T to the national security is crime. The formal policing strategies alone is relatively deficient and cannot effectively control crime without public support, this paper tries to adopt community policing as an alternative to crime prevention and control, which involves strategies that include partnership, problem solving, and change management. The paper equally examined some serious challenges facing Policing in Nigeria such as corruption, institutional constraints, police brutality and under funding that constitute a bottle neck in effective policing in Nigeria, however, the prospect of community policing was outlined to give its implication to national security.
Configural categorization of visual stimuli in a mini brain

Categorization is a fundamental cognitive ability that allows treating similar stimuli as equivalents, and thus responding to them in the same manner. It promotes cognitive economy, since it allows adaptive responses to novel objects in the environment. While the importance of categorization in animal behaviour is widely acknowledged (Pearce, 1997), the question of how animals form categories remains unanswered. In insects, the demonstration of visual categorization has been limited to the classification of stimuli on the basis of a single feature. Honeybees can categorize visual stimuli on the exclusive basis of bilateral (Giurfa et al., 1996) and radial symmetry (Horridge & Zhang, 1995), concentric pattern organisation (Horridge & Zhang, 1995), edge orientation (van Hateren et al., 1990), and pattern disruption (Horridge, 1997). Here we show that bees can categorize visual patterns on the basis of configurations of visual features. Bees trained with a series of complex patterns sharing a common configuration made up of four edge orientations extracted all four orientations and integrated them into a configural representation, which allowed them to respond to novel stimuli that preserved the trained configuration. Stimulating the achromatic Land Mphotoreceptor channels was necessary for configural categorization. The mini-brain of the honeybee can thus extract regularities in its environment and establish correspondences among correlated features in order to build configural stimulus representations. It can thus generate a large set of object descriptions and categories from a finite set of elements.
Iran‟s Representation in news Discourse: A Corpus-driven Analysis of NOW Database

The main thrust of the present study was to explore the ideological perspective based on which the monolithic word “Iran” was presented in NOW (News on the Web) as the largest online news corpora. Having resorted to both corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis, the word “Iran” was explored in terms of collocates, their categories, context and microas well as macro-discursive structures inspired by Van Dijk‟s (2006) model. It was shown that most of the collocates have indexed “Iran” mainly in relation to “conflict” and “violence” while others were, in effect, supporting the threatening role played by Iran in the middle-east and in the world. The study also revealed that the representation of “Iran” is in line with “other-negative representation” ideology employed unanimously by the news on web (NOW) which attempts to represent, reproduce and control the way “Iran” is depicted by manipulating lexical, structural, semantic and syntactic features.
Oil Retention and Microbial Ecology in Porous Pavement Structures

Traditionally, stormwater runoff from impermeable surfaces has been intercepted and discharged swiftly to sewer systems and watercourses. Rapid growth of urban and industrial areas has resulted in an associated increase in impermeable surfaces such as roofs, highways and paved surfaces. This continual expansion and infilling is placing an increased burden on existing drainage networks and urban watercourses. During periods of heavy rain, large volumes of runoff may exceed the capacity of sewer systems, resulting in risks of flooding to property and to human health. In addition, pollutants deposited on impermeable surfaces may be entrained by stormwater flow, concentrated within sewer systems, and discharged to aquatic ecosystems with little or no treatment. Urban stormwater can contain toxins, such as heavy metals, oil and other hydrocarbons, whilst average levels of suspended solids may exceed that of untreated sewage . The majority of pollution in urban stormwater originates from nonpoint or diffuse sources. These are notoriously difficult to locate and quantify and may include wet and dry atmospheric deposition from industrial and domestic properties; traffic emissions; decomposed litter; de-icing salts; vegetative residues; pet faeces; and soil losses.
Bioremediation of Bonny light crude oil polluted soil by bioaugmentation using yeast isolates ( Candida adriatica ZIM 2468 and Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700 )

Tel: +2348063383902 The elimination of a wide range of pollutants and wastes from the environment is an absolute requirement to promote a sustainable development of our society with low environmental impact. The focus of this study is to remediate, monitor the progress of bioaugmentation in a hydrocarbon polluted soil using yeast isolates and to highlight the needs for integration of laboratory data to full scale in situ bioremediation. In this study, yeast isolates were used to bioaugment Bonny light crude oil polluted soil in Niger Delta. Yeast isolates used were Candida adriatica ZIM 2468 and Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700. The indigenous fungal isolates identified from the soil were species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Candida, Rhodotorula and Saccharomyces. One kilogram of fresh soil sample was polluted with crude oil (10%). Physico-chemical analysis was carried on the fresh soil before and after pollution. Candida adriatica ZIM 2468, Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700 and a consortium containing both isolates were inoculated into the different microcosms to increase the number of microorganisms. At every fourteen days, samples were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and microbial counts were carried out. Total petroleum losses of 84.6% (A consortium of Candida adriatica ZIM 2468 and Candida taoyuanica MYA4700), 77.3% (B Candida adriatica ZIM 2468), 73.4% (C Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700) and 28.7% (Control – unamended) were recorded in the bioaugmentation set-up, respectively at day 56. On the whole, amending with both Candida species proved to be more effective in hydrocarbon utilization.
Effect of Stress on the Realization of Plosives in New Zealand 1 English

This study provides a more comprehensive examination of the three voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ in New Zealand English (NZE) than previous literature. More specifically, the current study explores the lenition of word-medial plosives to fricated variants, and the degree of aspiration of word-medial plosives. Our focus on different stress positions allows us to address an additional theoretical issue concerning prosodic categories in English. Two types of vowels (reduced vowels and happY vowels) are usually classified as being in unstressed syllables in English phonology. Using this impressionistic classification of vowels in unstressed syllables as a starting point, acoustic data from lenition and aspiration is analysed to examine the extent to which these two types of vowels pattern in a similar manner, as would be expected if they both occurred in unstressed syllables.
Eating disorders and addiction: Theory and evidence

A substantial gap exists between scientific evidence and clinical practice in the psychological treatment of eating disorders. Not only are eating disorders commonly described as addictions by laypersons and mental health professionals alike, but surveys indicate that approximately 30% of eating disorder treatment programs and clinicians use addictions-based psychotherapies to treat eating disorders. However, the validity of the addiction model of eating disorders has received little empirical study and the efficacy of addictions-based psychotherapies for eating disorders remains untested. Understanding the extent of associations between eating disorders and addictions has important implications for treatment, prevention, and our understanding of the etiology of eating disorders. This chapter examines issues surrounding the definition of addiction, reviews theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence regarding the addiction model of eating disorders, and in this context, discusses the construct of “addictive disorder” and identifies future research directions. Eating disorders and addiction 3
Activism , Character Identification , and Frequency of Watching My Little Pony : Friendship Is Magic

We examined associations between activist behavior, character identification, and frequency of watching the television show My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic. Bronies—adult fans of the show—often reference the prosocial behavior exemplified by characters in the show and its prosocial messages and themes. Results from the crosssection study found that a history of activism predicted both frequency of viewership and identification with one’s favorite character in the show. Identification with one’s favorite character was also found to mediate the relationship between activism and frequency of viewing. The results reflect the prosocial correlates of media consumption, with implications for future research on prosocial television consumption.
POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB COENOBITA RUGOSUS POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB COENOBITA RUGOSUS (ANOMURA, COENOBITIDAE) AT CAPE PANWA, PHUKET ISLAND, ANDAMAN COAST OF THAILAND

The population structure, density, dispersion, sex ratio, diet and reproductive activity of Coenobita rugosus at Cape Panwa, Phuket Island, Andaman Coast of Thailand were investigated from April 2011 to March 2012. Crabs were collected monthly by hand by multiple quadrat sampling. Tendency of unimodality of annual size frequency distributions were observed for males, non-ovigerous females, and ovigerous females. Major chela length was determined quantitatively as a secondary sexual character (larger in males) for the first time in terrestrial hermit crabs. The average density of C. rugosus during the study period was 6.98 ± 0.36 crabs/m2. Dispersion of males and non-ovigerous females of C. rugosus was clumped, whereas ovigerous females were distributed uniformly in most sampling months. The overall sex ratio was male-biased (1:0.86 male:female). Nevertheless, the monthly and size class sex ratios were close to the expected 1:1 ratio. Individuals of C. rugosus were observed to consume 16 plant species, mostly decomposing leaves and flowers, but three species of animal carcasses including one case of cannibalism were noted. Reproduction of C. rugosus occurred throughout the year with the highest percentage of ovigerous females in April and September (31.2% and 31.6%, respectively). The characteristics of C. rugosus living Cape Panwa, Phuket Island are consistent with those of hermit crabs inhabiting other constant tropical environments. 1 Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand * Corresponding author; E-mail: artong.biol@gmail.com ** Co-corresponding author; E-mail: thanakhom@hotmail.com Received 6 April 2014; accepted 31 July 2014. 31 NAT. HIST. BULL. SIAM. SOC. 60(1): 31–51, 2014
Detection and discrimination of symmetric and asymmetric defects by using ultrasonic guided waves

Several methods are currently being used for nondestructive evaluation of pipelines. In the last few years, ultrasonic guided waves have received much attention as a tool for inspection of oil and gas pipelines. This is due to the capability of these waves in propagating over long distances with little energy loss. In this paper, the possibility of detection of pipe defects, such as grooves and holes, is investigated using an array of angle-beam transducers. Identification of guided wave modes is done by means of a 2-D FFT analysis. The analysis demonstrates that the asymmetric excitation leads to generation of longitudinal L(0,2) mode in addition to the undesirable flexural modes that make the interpretation of results difficult. In order to eliminate the undesirable flexural modes and to increase the amplitude of the longitudinal L(0,2) mode, the pipes were excited by axisymmetric guided waves. The results showed that the axisymmetric discontinuities, e.g. axisymmetric grooves, can be distinguished from asymmetric defects, e.g. a hole, by checking the mode conversions that take place in each case.
A Joint Model for Pause Prediction and Dependency Parsing using Latent Variables The

Prediction of prosodic information from text is a basic technology used in a number of speech-related applications. In particular, pauses prediction is used in speech synthesis to allow for more natural prosodic boundaries [1]. While early studies in pause prediction only relied on lexical information such as POS tags or punctuation [1, 2], recent works have shown that using syntactic structure helps achieve better accuracy [3]. This work focuses on the use of dependency structure for pause prediction. Our method is inspired by recent work by Honnibal and Johnson [4] on the related, but quite different task, of disfluency detection. In this work, they propose a model that jointly performs dependency parsing and disfluency detection, and demonstrate that a joint model that considers these two tasks improves over solving these two tasks individually. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method for joint dependency parsing and pause prediction. One of the most widely used methods for dependency parsing is the transition-based method based on the shift-reduce algorithm [5]. As shown in the black text of Figure 1, and explained in detail in Section 2, the shift-reduce method builds a dependency tree expressing the syntactic structure of the sentence by performing a series of “shift” and “reduce” actions, and if the correct action sequence is chosen, the correct dependency tree will be created. A classifier to choose the correct answer is trained from syntactically annotated data. In our proposed model, we further expand the action set of the shift-reduce algorithm by adding actions that predict pauses, as shown in the bold, red text in Figure 1, and is described in detail in Section 3. This presents more difficulties in training, however, as it is necessary to have data that is annotated with both pauses and syntactic information, which cannot be obtained in large quantities. To solve this problem, we treat the pauses as latent variables, allowing our parsing model to be trained on data fully annotated with syntax and pauses as well as data only annotated with syntactic trees. In the experiments described in Section 4, we find that the proposed model exceeds all baselines, and that the proposed latent variable allows for effective use of data not explicitly annotated with pauses, resulting in an 11.6% absolute improvement in pause F -measure.
ACT AND ERP FOR OCD 1 Adding Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Exposure and Response Prevention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A Randomized Controlled Trial

The objective of this study was to test whether treatment acceptability, exposure engagement, and completion rates could be increased by integrating acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with traditional exposure and response prevention (ERP). 58 adults (68% female) diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; M age=27, 80% white) engaged in a multisite randomized controlled trial of 16 individual twice-weekly sessions of either ERP or ACT+ERP. Assessors unaware of treatment condition administered assessments of OCD, depression, psychological flexibility, and obsessional beliefs at pretreatment, posttreatment, and six-month follow-up. Treatment acceptability, credibility/expectancy, and exposure engagement were also assessed. Exposure engagement was high in both conditions and there were no significant differences in exposure engagement, treatment acceptability, or dropout rates between ACT+ERP and ERP. OCD symptoms, depression, psychological flexibility, and obsessional beliefs decreased significantly at posttreatment and were maintained at follow-up in both conditions. No between-group differences in outcome were observed using intent to treat and predicted data from multilevel modeling. ACT+ERP and ERP were both highly effective treatments for OCD, and no differences were found in outcomes, processes of change, acceptability, or exposure engagement.
Comparative Study on Risk Factors for cardiovascular Diseases between Urban and Rural Population in Tamil Nadu

Introduction: The Cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden of India is expected to double in the next two decades, making it the single largest cause of death by the year 2020 with an enormous burden of CVD among urban communities. Further, the prevalence of CVD in rural and semi-urban areas is expected to increase substantially. Objective: To compare the prevalence of Cardiovascular risk factor among urban and rural population in Kancheepuram district in Tamil Nadu.Subjects and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in tertiary care hospital service area of urban and rural health centre. Individuals over the age of 20 years who were present on the day of visit were interviewed in person with a structured interview schedule. Results: A total of 1001 individuals in the rural field practice area and 432 individuals in the urban field practice area over the age of 20 years were included in the study. The fruit and vegetable intake of more than 3 days per week was higher for urban area 206(47.7) and 376(87.1) compared to rural area 278(27.8) and 758(75.7). Doing light work was higher for urban area93 (21.3%). No differences was found in proportion of smokers and alcoholics both in urban (4.9%) and (3.7%) and rural (4.8%) and (6.2%) population respectively. The proportion of participants having overweight (BMI >23) was 73.8% and 40.6% in urban and rural area respectively. Nearly 37.2% and 23.6% of the urban population and 6.9% and 9.0% of the rural population had systolic and diastolic hypertension respectively. Conclusion: In conclusioncardiovascular risk factors such as reduced intake of vegetables and fruits were more prevalence in rural population and reduced physical activity, increased body mass index, systolic and diastolic hypertension was noticed in urban population with no differences in the prevalence of smoking and alcoholism.
Early Childhood Education IZA DP No . 9476 November 2015

Early Childhood Education* This paper organizes and synthesizes the literature on early childhood education and childcare. In it, we go beyond meta-analysis and reanalyze primary data sources in a common framework. We consider the evidence from means-tested demonstration programs, large-scale means-tested programs and universal programs without means testing. We discuss which programs are effective and whether, and for which populations, these programs should be subsidized by governments. The evidence from high-quality demonstration programs targeted toward disadvantaged children shows beneficial effects. Returns exceed costs, even accounting for the deadweight loss of collecting taxes. When proper policy counterfactuals are constructed, Head Start has beneficial effects on disadvantaged children compared to home alternatives. Universal programs benefit disadvantaged children. JEL Classification: J13, I28, C93