Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of antenatal cocaine use on maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes

Objective: To determine the risk factors and evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with antenatal cocaine use. Methods: This was a retrospective case–control study of 200 cocaine-exposed maternal–neonatal pairs and 200 controls from 1991 to 2000. Results: Cocaine-using mothers tended to be older, African American, multiparous and incarcerated and they utilized less prenatal care. However, 79% of Hispanics abusing cocaine were primarily English speaking. Cocaine use correlated with syphilis (36 vs. 1%, p = 0.000) and premature rupture of membranes (23 vs. 0%, p = 0.000), fetal demise (5 vs. 0%, p = 0.004), preterm delivery (40 vs. 6%, p = 0.000). Cocaine-exposed infants delivered earlier (36 vs. 39 weeks, p = 0.000), had lower birth weights (2660 vs. 3305 g, p = 0.000), more respiratory distress syndrome (14 vs. 4%, p = 0.001), congenital syphilis (12 vs. 1%, p = 0.000) and longer hospital stays (10 vs. 3 days, p = 0.000); 75% were placed in foster care or adoption and 37.5% had neonatal withdrawal syndrome. There was a stronger positive correlation between neonatal withdrawal and maternal urine toxicology (ρ = 0.443, p = 0.000) than with neonatal urine screen (ρ = 0.278, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Cocaine use in pregnancy is associated with acculturation, lack of prenatal care, and significant social and obstetric complications resulting in increased neonatal morbidity secondary to prematurity, congenital infection and withdrawal syndrome.
First‐Line Therapy Option with Low‐Dose Bisoprolol Fumarate and Low‐Dose Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Stage I and Stage II Systemic Hypertension

This 30‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was designed to (1) establish that 6.25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) given once daily with 5 mg of bisoprolol fumarate can contribute to antihypertensive effectiveness in patients with stage I and stage II (mild to moderate) systemic hypertension; and (2) assess whether this formulation was more effective or possessed a safety advantage over standard monotherapy with bisoprolol or 25 mg of HCTZ. Results showed that HCTZ 6.25 mg contributed significantly to the antihypertensive effectiveness of bisoprolol 5 mg. Bisoprolol 5 mg/HCTZ 6.25 mg (B5/H6.25) produced significantly greater mean reductions from baseline in sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−15.8 mm Hg/−12.6 mm Hg) than bisoprolol 5 mg alone (−10.0 mm Hg/−10.5 mm Hg) and HCTZ 25 mg alone (−10.2 mm Hg/−8.5 mm Hg). A 73% response rate was achieved with the low‐dose formulation compared with 61% for the bisoprolol 5 mg (B5) group and 47% for the HCTZ 25 mg (H25) group. B5/H6.25 was found to be significantly more effective than B5 or H25 in all subgroups of patients, regardless of gender, race, age, or smoking history. Antihypertensive effects were maintained during the 24‐hour dosing interval. The incremental effectiveness of B5/H6.25 was not accompanied by an increase in the frequency or severity of adverse experiences; the incidence of adverse experiences in the B5/H6.25 group was comparable to that in the placebo group. B5/H6.25 was shown to provide safety advantages over H25, as shown by less hypokalemia (<1% with B5/H6.25 versus 6.5% with H25). Treatment effects on triglycerides were similar to placebo, although small decreases in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were observed in the bisoprolol‐treated groups. The benefits of low‐dose bisoprolol 5 mg/HCTZ 6.25 mg provide a rational basis for the use of this medication in the first‐line treatment of patients with stage I and stage II systemic hypertension.
Design of High Speed 128 bit Parallel Prefix Adders

In this paper, we propose 128-bit Kogge-Stone, Ladner-Fischer, Spanning tree parallel prefix adders and compared with Ripple carry adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple Carry Adders (slow adders compare to other adders), and Carry Look Ahead adders (area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most Industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to other adders. Parallel prefix adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. While when we want to design any 128-bit operating systems and processors we can use these adders in place of regular adders. We simulate and synthesis different types of 128-bit prefix adders using Xilinx ISE 12.3 tool. By using these synthesis results, we noted the performance parameters like number of LUTs and delay. We compare these three adders in terms of LUTs (represents area) and delay values.
Acute Pathological Effects of Inorganic Mercury and Copper in Gills of Rainbow Trout

Lesions induced in the gills of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by exposure to acutely lethal aqueous concentrations of inorganic mercury and copper were examined by light and electron microscopy. Lesions were most severe during the first 48 hours of exposure to the metals and were characterized primarily by apoptosis of lamellar epithelial cells and lamellar fusion. The latter process occurred either by simple apposition of adjacent lamellae to each other or through epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Except for hypertrophy of and increased number of primary lysosomes in lamellar epithelial cells of animals exposed to mercury, branchial lesions were not prominent in fish collected between 48 and 96 hours. The branchial lesions observed in this study are compared with pathological processes occurring in mammals.
The Risk of Breast Cancer Subsequent to Histologic Diagnosis of Benign Intraductal Papilloma Follow-Up Study of 339 Cases

The risk of developing breast cancer was investigated in 339 patients in whom histologically confirmed intraductal papilloma had been surgically removed. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years, (average, 6.62 years). Ten breast cancers were observed, whereas 3 were expected on the basis of age-specific incidence rates drawn from local cancer registries (relative risk = 3.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.60-6.13). No significant difference in the relative risk was observed as far as papilloma type (single or multiple) was concerned. All breast cancers observed occurred in the same breast as the papilloma. Women in whom a benign intraductal papilloma has been excised should be carefully followed since they at are higher risk for ipsilateral breast cancer.
Trends in emissions and concentrations of air pollutants in the lower troposphere in the Baltimore/Washington airshed from 1997 to 2011

Abstract. Trends in the composition of the lower atmosphere (0–1500 m altitude) and surface air quality over the Baltimore/Washington area and surrounding states were investigated for the period from 1997 to 2011. We examined emissions of ozone precursors from monitors and inventories as well as ambient ground-level and aircraft measurements to characterize trends in air pollution. The US EPA Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) program reported substantial decreases in emission of summertime nitrogen oxides (NOx) from power plants, up to ∼80% in the mid-Atlantic States. These large reductions in emission of NOx are reflected in a sharp decrease of ground-level concentrations of NOx starting around 2003. The decreasing trend of tropospheric column CO observed by aircraft is ∼0.8 Dobson unit (DU) per year, corresponding to ∼35 ppbv yr−1 in the lower troposphere (the surface to 1500 m above ground level). Satellite observations of long-term, near-surface CO show a ∼40% decrease over western Maryland between 2000 and 2011; the same magnitude is indicated by aircraft measurements above these regions upwind of the Baltimore/Washington airshed. With decreasing emissions of ozone precursors, the ground-level ozone in the Baltimore/Washington area shows a 0.6 ppbv yr−1 decrease in the past 15 yr. Since photochemical production of ozone is substantially influenced by ambient temperature, we introduce the climate penalty factor (CPF) into the trend analysis of long-term aircraft measurements. After compensating for inter-annual variations in temperature, historical aircraft measurements indicate that the daily net production of tropospheric ozone over the Baltimore/Washington area decreased from ∼20 ppbv day−1 in the late 1990s to ∼7 ppbv day−1 in the early 2010s during ozone season. A decrease in the long-term column ozone is observed as ∼0.2 DU yr−1 in the lowest 1500 m, corresponding to an improvement of ∼1.3 ppbv yr−1. Our aircraft measurements were conducted on days when severe ozone pollution was forecasted, and these results represent the decreasing trend in high ozone events over the past 15 yr. Back trajectory cluster analysis demonstrates that emissions of air pollutants from Ohio and Pennsylvania through Maryland influence the column abundances of downwind ozone in the lower atmosphere. The trends in air pollutants reveal the success of regulations implemented over the past decades and the importance of region-wide emission controls in the eastern United States.
N ov 2 01 2 Lattice investigation of the tetraquark candidates a 0 ( 980 ) and κ

It is a long discussed issue whether light scalar mesons have sizeable four-quark components. We present an exploratory study of this question using Nf = 2+1+1 twisted mass lattice QCD. A mixed action approach ignoring disconnected contribution s s used to calculate correlator matrices consisting of mesonic molecule, diquark-antidiquark and t wo-meson interpolating operators with quantum numbers of the scalar mesons a0(980) (1(0++)) and κ (1/2(0+)). The correlation matrices are analyzed by solving the generalized eigenvalu e problem. The theoretically expected free two-particle scattering states are identified, while n o additional low lying states are observed. We do not observe indications for bound four-quark states in the channels investigated.
Risk Factors for Astigmatism in the Vision in Preschoolers Study

Purpose To determine demographic and refractive risk factors for astigmatism in the Vision in Preschoolers Study. Methods Three- to 5-year-old Head Start preschoolers (N = 4040) from five clinical centers underwent comprehensive eye examinations by study-certified optometrists and ophthalmologists, including monocular visual acuity testing, cover testing, and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Astigmatism was defined as the presence of greater than or equal to +1.5 diopters (D) cylinder in either eye, measured with cycloplegic refraction. The associations of risk factors with astigmatism were evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) from logistic regression models. Results Among 4040 Vision in Preschoolers Study participants overrepresenting children with vision disorders, 687 (17%) had astigmatism, and most (83.8%) had with-the-rule astigmatism. In multivariate analyses, African American (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.24), Hispanic (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.62 to 3.12), and Asian (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.93) children were more likely to have astigmatism than non–Hispanic white children, whereas American Indian children were less likely to have astigmatism than Hispanic, African American, and Asian children (p < 0.0001). Refractive error was associated with astigmatism in a nonlinear manner, with an OR of 4.50 (95% CI, 3.00 to 6.76) for myopia (⩽−1.0 D in spherical equivalent) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.86) for hyperopia (≥+2.0 D) when compared with children without refractive error (>−1.0 D, <+2.0 D). There was a trend of an increasing percentage of astigmatism among older children (linear trend p = 0.06). The analysis for risk factors of with-the-rule astigmatism provided similar results. Conclusions Among Head Start preschoolers, Hispanic, African American, and Asian race as well as myopic and hyperopic refractive error were associated with an increased risk of astigmatism, consistent with findings from the population-based Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study. American Indian children had lower risk of astigmatism.
Trends in adverse events after IV administration of contrast media.

OBJECTIVE Data collected from 1985 to 1999 on adverse events after the IV administration of contrast media were evaluated to identify trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collected on 391 adverse events after 90,473 administrations of iodinated contrast media and 19 events after 28,340 administrations of gadolinium were evaluated. Reactions were graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Data were also collected regarding contrast extravasation. RESULTS When only ionic iodinated contrast material was used, the adverse reaction rate was 6-8%. With the selective use of contrast material, the adverse reaction rate was 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively, for ionic and nonionic agents. The rate decreased to 0.2% with the universal use of nonionic agents. More than 90% of adverse reactions were allergic-like. Seven severe reactions (0.05%) and no deaths occurred in the ionic group. During the selective use period, one death occurred in the nonionic group. No severe reactions or deaths occurred during the first 5 years of universal nonionic use. Since then, 10 severe reactions (0.02%) and one death have occurred. Seven reactions occurred in patients after helical CT angiography. The extravasation rate for iodinated contrast material has remained constant at 0.3-0.4% annually. The adverse reaction rate to gadolinium contrast material was 0.06%. CONCLUSION Mild and moderate adverse events are more common with ionic contrast material than with nonionic. Most reactions are allergic-like. Severe reactions are seen equally with ionic and nonionic contrast material but differ in type. The reactions were allergic-like in the ionic group but were predominantly attributable to cardiopulmonary decompensation in the nonionic group. Helical CT angiography may play a role in reactions.
Binary codes with specified minimum distance

Two n -digit sequences, called "points," of binary digits are said to be at distance d if exactly d corresponding digits are unlike in the two sequences. The construction of sets of points, called codes, in which some specified minimum distance is maintained between pairs of points is of interest in the design of self-checking systems for computing with or transmitting binary digits, the minimum distance being the minimum number of digital errors required to produce an undetected error in the system output. Previous work in the field had established general upper bounds for the number of n -digit points in codes of minimum distance d with certain properties. This paper gives new results in the field in the form of theorems which permit systematic construction of codes for given n, d ; for some n, d , the codes contain the greatest possible numbers of points.
Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in the state of Orissa, India: a ten years cohort study.

OBJECTIVES i) To determine the pattern of spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in the state of Orissa, ii) To find the ethnic groups at high risk of hemoglobinopathies, iii) Geographical distribution of hemoglobinopathies, and iv). To know epidemiological aspects of hemoglobinopathy cases in Orissa. MATERIAL AND METHODS One thousand fifteen cases of anemia were analysed referred from different peripheral hospitals and Medical Colleges and Hospitals of Orissa state for diagnosis and counseling during 1994 to 2003. About 2-3 ml. intravenous blood samples were collected after obtaining informed consent from each individual. Hematological indices were measured using MS4 Cell Counter. Background data of each individual were recorded like age, sex, caste, place of origin, consanguinity, etc. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out on CAM in Tris-EDTA-Borate buffer at pH 8.9 and quantification of A2 fraction of hemoglobin by elution method. The value more than 3.5% of A2 fraction of hemoglobin was taken as cut off point for beta-thalassemia trait and more than 10% as Hb E. Hb electrophoresis in acidic medium (pH 6.2) was also carried out to confirm Hb D or E band. Estimation of fetal hemoglobin was done. Family studies were carried out to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS Most common hemoglobinopathies observed out of 1015 cases were: sickle cell trait (29.8%), sickle cell disease (7.5%), sickle cell-beta-thalassemia (1.7%), beta-thalassemia trait (18.2%), thalassemia major (5.3%), thalassemia intermedia (0.9%), Hb E trait (0.9%), Hb E disease (0.3%), E-beta-thalassemia (0.7%), Hb D trait (0.2%) and SD disease (0.2%). Sickle cell disorders with high level of fetal hemoglobin were common in general castes (0.3-20.7%), scheduled castes (0-8.9%) and scheduled tribals (0-5.5%). Transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia syndrome was prevalent in Brahmin, Karan, Khandyat, Teli, etc. Most of the cases belong to Anugul district, followed by Khurda, Nayagarh, Phulbani, Cuttack, Jajpur, Dhenkanal, Ganjam, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, etc. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous population is harbouring almost all major hemoglobinopathies in general castes, scheduled castes and tribes, belonging to Coastal and South-Western regions of Orissa. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive database on the pattern of spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in Orissa.
Cost-effectiveness of routine blood type and screen testing for cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of admission blood type and screen testing for cesarean section. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review was conducted on patients transfused with blood during an admission that required a cesarean section over a three-year period at a tertiary care hospital. RESULTS Of 3,962 patients who underwent cesarean section, 132 (3.3%) required a blood transfusion during their hospital stay. Medical records of 125 of the 132 patients were evaluated as to urgency and risk factors. (Seven charts could not be located.) Most of the blood transfusions were related to previously identified risk factors, including previous cesarean section, chorioamnionitis, placenta previa, abnormal presentation (breech or transverse lie), multiple pregnancies, abruptio placentae and admission anemia. Three patients received an urgent blood transfusion without a previously identifiable risk factor. Thus, we found an overall urgent blood transfusion rate without admission risk factors to be 0.8 per 1,000 cesarean sections. CONCLUSION In the absence of significant risk factors, routine admission blood type and screen testing for cesarean section does not enhance patient care and should be eliminated. In the rare event that a patient without a previously identified risk factor requires an urgent blood transfusion, O negative blood could be given in the interim pending formal determination of type and cross-match.
Porcine ovarian granulosa cells secrete insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-4 and -5 and express their messenger ribonucleic acids: regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1.

Using ligand blotting, Western immunoblotting, and Northern analysis, we have characterized the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins (IGFBPs) produced by cultures of porcine granulosa cells. Ligand blot analysis of conditioned medium from untreated cultures of moderately differentiated granulosa cells (MDGCs; from 4-6-mm follicles) revealed mainly IGF-binding activity associated with IGFBP-2 (34 kDa) and IGFBP-3 (40/44-kDa doublet), which have previously been identified and characterized. In addition, these cultures secreted 30- and 22-kDa forms under some circumstances. The identification and regulation of these IGFBPs of lower molecular mass were the focus of the current studies. Treatment of these MDGCs with IGF-I dramatically stimulated the production (to a detectable level) of a 30-kDa IGFBP that was identified by immunoblotting with antiserum to IGFBP-5 but not antisera to IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -4, or -6. Production of IGFBP-5 was attenuated by concurrent treatment with FSH. IGFBP-5 mRNA in these cultures was correspondingly stimulated by IGF-I but unaffected by FSH. FSH increased the level of a minor 22-kDa IGFBP. Messenger RNAs for IGFBP-1, -4, and -6 were also examined but only IGFBP-4 mRNA was detectable, suggesting that the 22-kDa band was IGFBP-4. These results were compared to those in cultures of immature granulosa cells from 1-3-mm follicles, in which 22- and 30-kDa IGFBPs were readily detectable. An antiserum to IGFBP-4 precipitated the 22- and 30-kDa bands whereas deglycosylation shifted the 30-kDa IGFBP to 22 kDa, suggesting that both these bands represent glycosylation variants of IGFBP-4. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Menarcheal and Menopausal Age Distribution among the Kshatriya Women of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh

Abstract Menarche and menopause demarcate the limits of potential reproductive life span in the female. A number of studies have conducted on this aspect in different endogamous population of Andhra Pradesh at different time’s . For the present work the urban and rural areas of Kshatriya women have been taken to study and this population has not studied previously on this aspect. In the study population it has been observed that, the early menarche in urban area while late menarche more in rural area. The difference of mean menopausal age between rural and urban areas is not significant. The Present data is also compared with other Andhra population.
PLENOPTIC IMAGES AS MULTIVIEW SEQUENCES FOR IMPROVED COMPRESSION

Over the last decade, advancements in optical devices have made it possible for new novel image acquisition technologies to appear. Angular information for each spatial point is acquired in addition to the spatial information of the scene that enables 3D scene reconstruction and various post-processing effects. Current generation of plenoptic cameras spatially multiplex the angular information, which implies an increase in image resolution to retain the level of spatial information gathered by conventional cameras. In this work, the resulting plenoptic image is interpreted as a multi-view sequence that is efficiently compressed using the multi-view extension of high efficiency video coding (MV-HEVC). A novel twodimensional weighted prediction and rate allocation scheme is proposed to adopt the HEVC compression structure to the plenoptic image properties. The proposed coding approach is a response to ICIP 2017, Grand Challenge on Light Field Image Coding and the compression results are put in contrast to the state-of-art in plenoptic image compression presented at of the ICME 2016 Grand Challenge on Light-field Image Compression. The proposed scheme outperforms all contestants in the ICME Grand Challenge with a significant improvements in compression efficiency, i.e. with an average PSNR gain of 7.7 dB over reference JPEG image compression.
RACK1 regulates neural development

Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is an evolutionarily conserved scaffolding protein within the tryptophan-aspartate (WD) repeat family of proteins. RACK1 can bind multiple signaling molecules concurrently, as well as stabilize and anchor proteins. RACK1 also plays an important role at focal adhesions, where it acts to regulate cell migration. In addition, RACK1 is a ribosomal binding protein and thus, regulates translation. Despite these numerous functions, little is known about how RACK1 regulates nervous system development. Here, we review three studies that examine the role of RACK1 in neural development. In brief, these papers demonstrate that (1) RACK-1, the C. elegans homolog of mammalian RACK1, is required for axon guidance; (2) RACK1 is required for neurite extension of neuronally differentiated rat PC12 cells; and (3) RACK1 is required for axon outgrowth of primary mouse cortical neurons. Thus, it is evident that RACK1 is critical for appropriate neural development in a wide range of species, and future discoveries could reveal whether RACK1 and its signaling partners are potential targets for treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders or a therapeutic approach for axonal regeneration.