Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decrease in the Incidence of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt in Varamin Greenhouses using Talaromyces Flavus

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important greenhouse cucumber diseases. The chemical methods are not possible easily for controlling this disease, and the most suitable of the control method is introduced as biological control using antagonistic agents. Since, the study of antagonistic mechanisms is an important subject in biological control, therefore in this study for isolating pathogenic and antagonistic agents, plant and soil sampling was carried out in the Varamin infected greenhouses. Then, based on the inhibitory percent of the pathogenic agent growth, caused by the antagonistic mechanisms of the different isolates related to the antagonistic fungi, Talaromyces flavus and Trichoderma harzianum, three effective isolates of each one in terms of the most inhibitory effect were selected and the efficacy of the every isolate in biological control was investigated, using three application method (seed coating, addition to soil, both seed coating and addition to soil). In the next step, based on the results of the greenhouse experiment, the four effective treatments containing T. flavus and T. harzianum isolates, in terms of the efficacy in decreasing cucumber Fusarium wilt disease were evaluated in Varamin cucumber greenhouse, during three consecutive crop years. These treatments included TF-Cu-V-59 as soil treatment, TF-Cu-V-60 as seed treatment, TH-Cu-V-13 as soil treatment and THCu-V-13 as soil and seed treatment. Each experiment was performed with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in five treatments (each of four above-mentioned treatments and unhealthy control) and four replications. The treatments were evaluated as calculating disease severity percent and total yield. Statistical results in compound analysis form for three consecutive years showed that the interaction effect between treatment and year was significant; as a result, analysis of data was carried out for each year, separately. The results related to first and second years showed that among all treatments, the most effective treatment was TF-Cu-V-59 as soil treatment in terms of efficacy in disease control and increasing yield. However, the results related to third year showed that all treatments containing antagonistic isolates decreased disease severity percent and increased yield significantly, compared to unhealthy control. In spite of a significant difference among antagonistic treatments, in terms of disease severity percent and yield, in first and second years, these treatments were not different significantly in third year. It could be presumed that due to the residues of T. flavus bioformulations related to previous years in soil, the population of the above-mentioned antagonistic fungus has been improved using antagonistic treatments containing T. flavus in these treatments; consequently there was no significant difference among these treatments in terms of measured parameters.
Van Allen Probes Observations of Second Harmonic Poloidal Standing Alfvén Waves

Long‐lasting second‐harmonic poloidal standing Alfvén waves (P2 waves) were observed by the twin Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes, or RBSP) spacecraft in the noon sector of the plasmasphere, when the spacecraft were close to the magnetic equator and had a small azimuthal separation. Oscillations of proton fluxes at the wave frequency (∼10 mHz) were also observed in the energy (W) range 50–300 keV. Using the unique RBSP orbital configuration, we determined the phase delay of magnetic field perturbations between the spacecraft with a 2nπ ambiguity. We then used finite gyroradius effects seen in the proton flux oscillations to remove the ambiguity and found that the waves were propagating westward with an azimuthal wave number (m) of ∼−200. The phase of the proton flux oscillations relative to the radial component of the wave magnetic field progresses with W, crossing 0 (northward moving protons) or 180° (southward moving protons) at W ∼ 120 keV. This feature is explained by drift‐bounce resonance (mωd ∼ ωb) of ∼120 keV protons with the waves, where ωd and ωb are the proton drift and bounce frequencies. At lower energies, the proton phase space density ( FH+ ) exhibits a bump‐on‐tail structure with ∂FH+/∂W>0 occurring in the 1–10 keV energy range. This FH+ is unstable and can excite P2 waves through bounce resonance (ω ∼ ωb), where ω is the wave frequency.
A management dilemma : positioning employees for internal competition versus internal collaboration. Is coopetition possible?

Managers are faced with the dilemma of either positioning their employees to compete against or to collaborate with each other within the organisation. Internal competition can motivate individuals and teams to strive to be the best and in so doing result in continuous incremental performance improvements. In contrast, internal collaboration can result in effective problem solving through knowledge sharing and innovation. This study investigated the key factors that drive the adoption of internal competition and internal collaboration, the consequences of implementing each approach, how levels of internal competition and internal collaboration vary at different management levels and whether a viable hybrid combination of both management approaches is possible. A qualitative exploratory study by in-depth interview was conducted with twenty senior executives. A hybrid model was developed from these research findings, which confirms that while the two management approaches have different outcomes there is an optimal way of combining them to allow managers to optimise the performance of their staff and the organisation.
Baobab seeds as an alternative protein source in poultry feed

Alternative cheap sources of protein in poultry diets are desired hinged on feed safety, production cost and nutritional quality. The preceding review looks at how baobab seeds have featured as an alternative protein source in poultry diets. This is on the backdrop that the cost of compound feeds continue to be on the rise due to the high expense of conventional protein sources used in manufacturing animal feed. Soya bean has been the predominantly used and most expensive conventional protein source used in the manufacturing of compound feeds. It is suffice to suggest that there is an urgent need to accord adequate consideration to alternative cheap protein sources, and baobab seeds are one such alternatives. Previous studies have shown that baobab seeds have excellent nutritive value, despite containing inconsiderable levels of anti-nutritional factors. Baobab seeds contain some anti-nutritional factors, such as phytate (2%), oxalate (10%), tannins and saponins (3-7%) which reduces digestive efficiency and utilization of dietary nutrients in poultry. However, these anti-nutritional factor levels are generally assumed to be low enough not to cause any adverse effects in avian species. The seeds have a protein value that ranges from 20-36 % CP and an energy level of 4.19-16.75 kJ/kg, which is comparable to sunflower meal (24.4-36.7 CP and 19.1-20.2 kJ/kg) and soybean hulls (10.5-19.2 CP and 17.5-18.7 kJ/kg). It is apparent from previous studies that inclusion of baobab seeds at 5-10% level in poultry diets improves performance of broilers in terms of growth rate. Inclusion of the baobab seeds as partial replacers of soybean meal can be cost effective by inevitability reducing the escalating costs of poultry feed.
Prevalence and Severity of Lameness in Dairy Cows Housed in Free-stall Barns from Transylvania

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of lameness and determine locomotion score distribution in dairy cows housed in free-stalls. The study was realized in 24 selected free-stall farms in Transylvania. Lameness was assessed based on the locomotion score devised by Sprecher et al. The percentage of cows with different locomotion scores was established. The lameness prevalence was calculated as the proportion of cows with locomotion score 3 or more. The results were statistically processed using the SPSS software. Of the 2519 cows assessed, normal locomotion was found in 27.04% in winter (24.69% in summer), slight lameness in 40.69% (45.30% in summer), moderate lameness in 27.87% (25.96% in summer), lameness in 3.33% (2.82% in summer) and severe lameness in 1.07% (1.23% in summer). The prevalence of lameness in the investigated barns varied between 5% and 49.35% with a mean prevalence of 31.04% in winter (28.54% in summer). Although the value obtained in the warm season is lower, the difference between the two seasons was insignificant (P > 0.05). The obtained results show that in both seasons more than 70% of the assessed cows presented locomotion problems, the severity of lameness varying among the investigated farms.
Large underground, liquid based detectors for astro-particle physics in Europe: scientific case and prospects

This document reports on a series of experimental and theoretical studies conducted to assess the astro-particle physics potential of three future large scale particle detectors proposed in Europe as next generation underground observatories. The proposed apparatuses employ three different and, to some extent, complementary detection techniques: GLACIER (liquid argon TPC), LENA (liquid scintillator) and MEMPHYS (water Cherenkov), based on the use of large mass of liquids as active detection media. The results of these studies are presented along with a critical discussion of the performance attainable by the three proposed approaches coupled to existing or planned underground laboratories, in relation to open and outstanding physics issues such as the search for matter instability, the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and geo-neutrinos and to the possible use of these detectors in future high intensity neutrino beams.
Psychological improvement is associated with exercise session attendance over 10 weeks in formerly sedentary adults

Using methods intended to minimize experimenter and expectation effects, this field-based study tested the difference in exercise session attendance between formerly sedentary men and women (N = 46) whose scores on the Profile of Mood States (34) scales of Depression, Tension, Fatigue, and Vigor demonstrated moderate-to-high improvements over 10 weeks, and those whose responses did not. The self-selected cardiovascular exercise amounts approximated 30 min at a moderate intensity (60 to 70% maximal heart rate). Participants with moderate-to-high reductions (< 0.5 SD reduction based on normative values) in Depression, Tension, and Fatigue scores had significantly (p <.013) higher attendance rates over the 10-week study than participants with less reduction. The effect sizes were large (ds = 0.87 to 1.64). No such attendance difference was found in participants with moderate-to-high increases in Vigor scores. The correlation between changes in VO2 max over 10 weeks and attendance was not significant (r 44=.13) ruling out a possibility that exercise session attendance was related to greater gains in fitness. Limitations and the need for replication were emphasized. Applied uses of the findings were suggested, including the possibility of promoting early exercise adherence through monitoring of individuals’ exercise-related psychological changes.
High-current thin film multijunction thermal converters and multi-converter modules

High-current, thin-film multijunction thermal converters (HCFMJTCs) have been fabricated at NIST with heater ranges from a few milliamperes to 1 A. Multi-converter modules containing HCFMJTCs have also been constructed to measure currents up to several amperes.
A Comment On Gintis's "The Dynamics of General Equilibrium"

Gintis (2007, 'The Dynamics of General Equilibrium'', Economic Journal 117 (523) , 1280–1309) provides an agent-based model of a Walrasian economy where the tâtonnement is replaced by imitation. His simulations show that the economy converges to the Walrasian equilibrium. Gintis concludes that 1) his stability results provide some justification for the importance placed upon the Walrasian model, and 2) models allowing agents to imitate successful others lead to an economy with a reasonable level of stability and efficiency. Since these conclusions appear to be intended as general, we caution that Gintis''s findings can only be accepted for Walrasian models without capital goods in models with capital goods imitation-based adjustments alter the equilibrium''s data (which makes the demonstration of stability impossible) and raise other important problems (absent from Gintis''s simulations) still awaiting exploration.
Structural Transformations of Interstratified Illite-Smectites from Dolná Ves Hydrothermal Deposits: Dynamics and Mechanisms

Structural transformations of illite-smectite samples of hydrothermal genesis with increasing contents of illite layers were studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The samples were K-saturated and subjected to wetting and drying cycles to increase three-dimensional structural ordering. Diffraction profiles were analyzed with the help of a specially devised computer program based on the approximation of individual diffraction reflections by “bell-shaped” functions, with minimization of the differences between experimental and simulated profiles. The data indicate that the transformations of these illite-smectite samples were accompanied not only by variations in the proportion of illite and smectite layers and in the pattern of their alternation, but also by a change in structure within 2:1 layers.
Valorization and Storage Stability Assessment of Underutilized Fruit Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) in Bangladesh

An effort was made to develop value added products from underutilized fruit Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) to assess its prospect in marketability and evaluated the storage stability of quality attributes at 25-34°C, 10°C and 0°C storage temperatures for 6 months. Carambola Jam showed 70.43±0.02% Carbohydrate, 1.14±0.04% Fiber, 0.47±0.01% Ash, 2.45 pH, 68.40±0.02% TSS, 0.015 mg/100 g Vitamin-C, energy 284.87±0.2 Kcal and in Squash 42.04±0.01% Carbohydrate, 0.08±0.01% Fiber, 0.39±0.04% Ash, 2.40±0.14 pH, 40.70±0.03% TSS, 0.012±0.01 mg/100 g Vitamin-C, 170.04±0.08 Kcal energy. Storage studies showed Carambola Jam and Squash can store almost without any change for 3 months. With increasing the time in 6 months of storage TSS and acidity increases, on the other hand moisture content, pH and vitamin-C decreases. Vitamin-C retention is higher at 25-34°C.
Pfaffian Formulae for One Dimensional Coalescing and Annihilating Systems

The paper considers instantly coalescing, or instantly annihilating, systems of one-dimensional Brownian particles on the real line. Under maximal entrance laws, the distribution of the particles at a fixed time is shown to be Pfaffian point processes closely related to the Pfaffian point process describing one dimensional distribution of real eigenvalues in the real Ginibre ensemble of random matrices. As an application, an exact large time asymptotic for the $n$-point density function for coalescing particles is derived.
Sexual dimorphism and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of growth hormone gene in muscovy duck

This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5’-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3’ and reverse/Sequence: 5’-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3’. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks.
Parasitic Agents in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Open Markets in Bauchi, Nigeria

Background: Parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the parasitic contamination in fruits and vegetables in the Bauchi area, North-East Nigeria. Methods: From May to July 2017, a total of 776 samples comprising 182 samples of four different types of fruits, and 594 samples of six different types of vegetables were screened by simple floatation and formol-ether concentration techniques. The isolated parasitic ova and cysts were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics with reference to the standard keys. The data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS computer software version 21.0. Results: Totally, 26 out of 182 fruit samples (14.3%), and 82 out of 594 vegetable samples (13.8%) were contaminated with various parasitic ova and cysts. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common parasitic contaminant in both fruits and vegetable samples. The differences were not statistically significant in the prevalence rates of contamination among different types of fruits and vegetables (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables consumed in Bauchi, Nigeria are the major sources of parasitic infections and may have serious public health implications. It seems that health education with respect to personal hygiene and eating habits is the most practical and useful approach in order to desired control in the studied area. The local people must be effectively trained for proper washing and disinfecting of the fruits and vegetables prior to consumption. © 2018, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Assessment of Physical Working Capacity of Differently Trained and Aged Female Aerobic Gymnasts

Research background and hypothesis. Physical working capacity by PWC 170 test allows estimating physical preparation of athletes’ bodies, but these indices may not be directly linked to their sports achievements.Research aim. The aim of this study was to identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of differently trained and aged female athletes. Research methods. The study included 40 subjects: young athletes (juniors) (12–14-years-old girls) and students of Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education – studying in aerobic gymnastics specialization. According to performance (training) level they were divided into the following groups: juniors (n = 10), beginners (n = 10), moderately trained (n = 10) and well-trained (n = 10) representatives of aerobic gymnastics. The testing included anthropometric measurements, heart rate (HR) measurements (HR values were recorded using heart rate measuring device “Sigma PC-15”, Germany), and PWC 170 tests. Athletes carried out two loads of physical activity at different intensities with a duration of 3 and 5 minutes (the rate of stepping (30 times per minute) was regulated according to the tempo of music that was specially prepared in the recording studio). Research results. We found that the differences in physical working capacity between well trained gymnasts and the beginners were not statistically significant. We established similar values of PWC 170 in moderately trained and junior groups; statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was established only comparing the latter two groups with well-trained athletes.Discusion and conclussions. The results showed that physical working capacity of well trained aerobic gymnastics athletes (participating in international competitions, world and European Championships) had not reached very high training level, but they were assessed as adequately trained. Physical working capacity of beginners was satisfactory and the indices of moderately trained (with twice more training and competition experience) and junior athletes were very low.Keywords: aerobic gymnastics, physical working capacity, PWC170, heart rate.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MAIZE GENETIC RESOURCES IN DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND GRAIN QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AT MAIZE RESEARCH INSTITUTE "ZEMUN POLJE".

The world population is expected to reach eight billion by the year 2020 and food grain production will have to be doubled from the current level of about five billion tons per year. With global climatic changes drought has become the most important limiting factor for crop production worldwide. It has been estimated that approximately US $10 billion of primary food production is lost annually because of insufficient rainfall or lack of rain. The necessity to obtain global food security increased importance of plant genetic resources for agriculture. The treasure of genetic material contained in landraces, crop wild relatives and other wild species provides plant breeders with options to develop more productive crops, adapted to changing environments. Prebreeding activities include introduction, evaluation and improvement of germplasm resources for use in conventional breeding. Conservation and exploitation of maize accessions are the most important tasks. Maize Research Institute genebank with more than 6000 accessions is among the ten largest collections in the world. Testing these accessions under controlled drought stress and in temperate climate resulted in core collection formation. The chosen accessions were further tested for grain quality (protein, oil and starch content), as well as for the presence of opaque2 mutation and tryptophan content which are the basis for developing quality protein maize. Selected genotypes could be used for creation of new hybrids with higher yielding potential, quality and adaptability.
Upper limits on bolometric luminosities of three Type Ia supernova progenitors: new results in the ongoing Chandra archival search for Type Ia supernova progenitors

We present analysis of Chandra archival, pre-explosion data of the positions of three nearby (< 25 Mpc) type Ia supernovae, SN2011iv, SN2012cu & SN2012fr. No sources corresponding to the progenitors were found in any of the observations. Combining all sources with well defined backgrounds does not reveal any evidence for X-ray emission from the progenitors either. We calculated upper limits on the bolometric luminosities of the progenitors, under the assumption that they were black bodies with effective temperatures between 30 and 150 eV, corresponding to 'canonical' supersoft X-ray sources. The upper limits of SN2012fr straddles the Eddington luminosity of canonical supersoft sources, but fainter canonical supersoft sources cannot be ruled out by this study. We also compare our upper limits with known compact binary supersoft X-ray sources. This study is a continuation of the campaign to directly detect or constrain the X-ray characteristics of pre-explosion observations of nearby type Ia supernova progenitors; with the results reported in Nielsen, Voss & Nelemans (see reference in Introduction), the number of nearby type Ia supernovae for which pre-explosion images are available in the Chandra archive is now 13 and counting.
Optimization of Scaffolds for the Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dermal Wounds

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in conjunction with biomaterials have been shown to promote tissue regeneration. This study provides an analysis of different biomaterials seeded with MSCs and preconditioning of the cells that mimic their niche in order to promote paracrine factor release and aid angiogenesis to find optimal conditions for enhanced wound healing.