Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental swainsonine poisoning in goats ingesting Ipomoea sericophylla and Ipomoea riedelii ( Convolvulaceae ) 1

Barbosa R.C. , Riet-Correa F. , Lima E.F. , Medeiros R.M. T. , Guedes K.M. R, Gardner D.R. , Molyneux R.J. & Melo L.E. H. 2007. Experimental swainsonine poisoning in goats ingesting Ipomoea sericophylla and Ipomoea riedelii (Convolvulaceae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(10):409-414. Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq. br Ipomoea sericophylla and Ipomoea riedelii cause a glycoprotein storage disease in goats. This paper reports the experimental poisoning in goats by dried I. sericophylla and I. riedelii containing 0.05% and 0.01% swainsonine, respectively. Three groups with four animals each were used. Group 1 received daily doses of 2g/kg body weight (bw) of dried I. sericophylla (150mg of swainsonine/kg). Goats from this group had clinical signs 36-38 days after the start of ingestion. Group 2 received dried I. riedelii daily doses of 2g/kg of I. riedelii (30mg of swainsonine/kg) for 70 days. No clinical signs were observed, therefore the swainsonine dose was increased to 60mg/kg for another 70 days. Goats from Group 2 had clinical signs 26-65 days after increase in swainsonine dose to 60mg/kg. Group 3 was used as control. In these experiments the minimum toxic dose was 60mg/kg which represents 0.0004% of the dry matter in goats ingesting 1.5% bw of the dry matter. For goats ingesting 2%-2.5% bw of dry matter this dose would be 0.00024%-0.0003% of the dry matter. After the end of the experiment two goats were euthanized and another six were observed for recovery of clinical signs. Four goats that continued to consume swainsonine containing plant for 39-89 days after the first clinical signs had non reversible signs, while two goats that ingested the plant for only 15 and 20 days after the first clinical signs recovered completely. These and previous results indicate that irreversible lesions due to neuronal loss occur in goats that continue to ingest the plants for about 30 days after the first clinical signs. Clinical signs and histological lesions were similar to those reported previously for goats poisoned by swainsonine containing plants. No significant alterations were found in packed cell volume, red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, mean corpuscular volume, and serum levels of glucose, total protein, and albumin, and the serum activities of gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Swainsonine concentration of 0.05% in I. sericophylla and 0.01% in I. riedelii are different from samples of these plants used in previous experiments, which contained 0.14% and 0.5% swainsonine, respectively, demonstrating a wide variation in the toxicity of different samples.
Market Orientation and Successful New Product Innovation: The Role of Competency Traps

A firm's high degree of market orientation may create competency traps (also known as rigidities) that reduce new product innovation. Competency traps lead firms to fall unconsciously into adherence to routines and denial of the need for change. They lead them to rely on past successful processes that may no longer be optimal.This study provides further theoretical development of the concept as well as empirical research. Market orientation is behaviors that create superior value for buyers and superior performance for business. It has three dimensions: (1) customer orientation, (2) competitor orientation, and (3) interfunctional coordination. Capability-rigidity theory suggests that these three dimensions may create competency traps - i.e., vision traps, technology traps, and routinization traps. Data on market orientation and competency traps were collected from 113 marketing managers in high-tech industries in China and subjected to structural equation modeling and reliability test analysis.Analysis also sought to discover whether entrepreneurial orientation and network learning may help highly market-oriented firms reduce the potential adverse effects of competency traps on new product innovation. A scale was developed to allow managers to diagnose the existence and level of competency traps.It was found that market orientation has a stronger negative effect on technology traps (and none on vision and routinization traps) in highly entrepreneurial-oriented firms than in low entrepreneurial-oriented firms. A firm's customer orientation was negatively associated with new product creativity, whereas competitor orientation and interfunctional coordination are positively associated with new product creativity.Also found was that different competency traps have different effects on new production innovation: vision traps may harm new product creativity, whereas routinization may foster new product creativity and efficiency. In highly market-oriented firms, entrepreneurial orientation affects a firm's technology decisions and leads firms to avoid falling into technology traps, but network orientation may still lead to "groupthink" and reliance on industry norms.
Ag2CrO4 nanoparticles loaded on two-dimensional large surface area graphite-like carbon nitride sheets: simple synthesis and excellent photocatalytic performance.

Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with a large surface area was prepared through thermal condensation of guanidine hydrochloride at 650 °C. Various amounts of silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) nanoparticles with small size were highly loaded on the g-C3N4 by a simple co-precipitation method at room temperature. The chemical constituents, surface structure and optical properties of the resultant Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4 composites were thoroughly characterized. And the photocatalytic performances were evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol, the experimental results indicated that the as-prepared Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4 composites presented excellent photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. With the mass ratio of Ag2CrO4 to g-C3N4 at 1 : 2, the Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4 composites exhibited optimal photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB, approximately 6.1 and 10.4 times higher than those on pure g-C3N4 and bare Ag2CrO4 particles. The improved photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the combined effect including the larger surface area, highly dispersed smaller Ag2CrO4 nanoparticles, stronger visible absorption and higher charge separation efficiency of the Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4 composites. Moreover, the possible mechanism for the photocatalytic activity was tentatively proposed.
"Entrepreneurial Management" as a Strategic Choice in Firm Behavior: Linking it with Performance

Establishing the core principals of “entrepreneurial management” within an organization describes a certain strategic choice that affects a company in six dimensions, according to Stevenson (1983). Our aim is to empirically measure entrepreneurial management (it’s existence and degree) and to link this measured strategic choice (for or against) entrepreneurial management with firm performance. Our argument here is that companies that follow core principals of entrepreneurial management should outperform other more administrative firms in certain measures of strategic performance. This paper builds on an empirical investigation published by Brown, Davidson & Wiklund (2001), who have developed and tested a reliable measurement instrument for Stevenson’s definition of “entrepreneurial management” (Stevenson 1983, Stevenson & Jarillo 1990). In the first part of our paper we aim to replicate and to some extent improve this study. In the second part we link the measured degree of “entrepreneurial management” with firm performance. To our knowledge, even so Stevenson’s definition of entrepreneurial management is commonly acknowledged and Brown et al. (2001) developed a reliable instrument to empirically capture this behavioral approach to management, the construct of entrepreneurial management never before has been linked to firm performance in an empirical study. Since most papers on corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance are based on Covin & Slevin’s (1991) or Miller’s (1983) concept of entrepreneurial orientation, we contribute to the literature on corporate entrepreneurship in a novel way, given the fact that the entrepreneurial management dimensions measured in our study can theoretically and empirically be clearly distinguished from the construct of entrepreneurial orientation as defined by Covin & Selvin (1991).
International joint ventures: An economic analysis of U.S.-foreign business partnerships

Find the secret to improve the quality of life by reading this international joint ventures an economic analysis of u s foreign business partnerships. This is a kind of book that you need now. Besides, it can be your favorite book to read after having this book. Do you ask why? Well, this is a book that has different characteristic with others. You may not need to know who the author is, how well-known the work is. As wise word, never judge the words from who speaks, but make the words as your good value to your life.
Electronic Banking in Ethiopia: Practices, Opportunites and Challenges

The paper examines the practices, opportunities and challenges of E-banking services in Ethiopia. Ethiopian banking system is still underdeveloped compared to the rest of the world. In Ethiopia Cash is still the most dominant medium of exchange and electronic payment systems are at an embryonic stage. Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE), despite, being the pioneer in introducing ATM based payment system; it lagged behind private commercial bank, Dashen Bank, which worked aggressively to maintain its lead in electronic payment systems. At the end of June 2009, Dashen bank has installed more than 40 ATMs in its area branches, university compounds, shopping malls, restaurants and hotels and has maintained its leadership in introducing and expanding e-banking in Ethiopia. Low level of infrastructural development, lack of suitable legal and regulatory framework, high rates of illiteracy, frequent power interruption and security issues are the main challenges for developing e-banking in Ethiopia. All banks in Ethiopia are too late to move with technological advancement. In order to promote and develop viable e-banking in Ethiopia, they should clearly chart out the time schedule for their integration and technological advancement.
Tissue-Selective, Bidirectional Regulation of PEX11α and Perilipin Genes through a Common Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element

ABSTRACT Most cis-acting regulatory elements have generally been assumed to activate a single nearby gene. However, many genes are clustered together, raising the possibility that they are regulated through a common element. We show here that a single peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE), located between the mouse PEX11α and perilipin genes, confers on both genes activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPARγ. A functional PPRE 8.4 kb downstream of the promoter of PEX11α, a PPARα target gene, was identified by a gene transfection study. This PPRE was positioned 1.9 kb upstream of the perilipin gene and also functioned with the perilipin promoter. In addition, this PPRE, when combined with the natural promoters of the PEX11α and perilipin genes, conferred subtype-selective activation by PPARα and PPARγ2. The PPRE sequence specifically bound to the heterodimer of RXRα and PPARα or PPARγ2, as assessed by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, tissue-selective binding of PPARα and PPARγ to the PPRE was demonstrated in hepatocytes and adipocytes, respectively, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Hence, the expression of these genes is induced through the same PPRE in the liver and adipose tissue, where the two PPAR subtypes are specifically expressed.
Definite and indefinite numeral phrases in Shupamem

Word-order variations within the noun phrase usually correspond to semantic or pragmatic contrasts. In this paper, I present new data from Shupamem, a Grassfields Bantu language, in which the relative order of elements in the noun phrase has been shown to be free (Nchare 2011). I will demonstrate, based on truth-value tests and distributional contrasts, that the orders Numeral > Noun vs. Noun > Numeral actually correspond to different interpretations of the corresponding noun phrases. Pre-nominal numerals give rise to indefinite interpretations, while post-nominal numerals are associated with a definite reading of the noun phrase in which they occur.
An empirical study of Malaysian firms' capital structure

It is sometimes purported that one of the factors affecting a firm's value is its capital structure. The event of the 1997 Asian financial crisis was expected to affect the firms' gearing level as the firms' earnings deteriorated and the capital market collapsed. The main objective of this research is to examine empirically the determinants of the capital structure of Malaysian firms. The main additional aim is to study the capital structure pattern following the 1997 financial crisis. Empirical tests were conducted on two different data sets: the first data set is the published data extracted from Datastrearn and consists of: 572 companies listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) between 1994 and 2000. The second data set comprises finance managers' responses to a questionnaire survey. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, multiple regression, stepwise regression and logistic regression were utilised to analyse the data. The multiple regression analysis was employed to find the determinants of the capital structure using various account data items provided by Datastream. The gearing differences between the two boards and within the sectors were also analysed using ANOV A and Krukal-Wall is tests. The panel data were evaluated with regard to the gearing pattern following the 1997 currency cns1s. Overwhelming evidence on profit was found, with past profitability being the major determinant of gearing. In particular was the support for pecking order theory, in that finance managers had given internal funds the highest priority, followed by debt and equity as a last option. The statistical analysis found a strong negative correlation between liquidity and the gearing ratio for both boards, implying firms considered highly the excess current assets for funding, a conservative approach towards debt management policy. On the other hand, taxation items were not highly significant in capital structure decisions. The results indicate the existence of gearing differences between the main board and the second board gearing with high debt levels employed by second board companies. However, the second board's high gearing is dominated largely by short to medium term bank credit. Differences were also significant between different sectors of companies listed on the main board. Firms' gearing ratios increased significantly following the 1997 financial crisis, and the gearing tended to increase where the company's share prices were highly sensitive towards currency volatility. Also inflation is found to influence the changes in actual and target gearing ratios following the crisis. Recent emphasis on the development of private debt securities may affect the findings of this research in the near future.
Capital Inflows to Emerging Economies - Policy Lessons from the Baltic Boom-Bust cycle 2004-2010

This study investigates the effects and policy lessons from the surge of capital inflows that the Baltic countries experienced during the period 2004-2008. We discuss the main risks and policy challenges involved with such an episode and assess what scope there was for policy makers to face these challenges. We also devote some attention to the area of measuring exchange rate pressure by application of the EMP index. Our main findings are that the Baltic countries were very limited in their policy options due to their lack of an independent monetary policy. Furthermore it seems as if it would have been very hard for them to take sufficient precautionary measures in time to avoid a deep recession following the global financial crisis, as this extreme event had a large impact all around the world. There was however some scope for better policies within the management of government finances and financial regulation. Regarding the measurement of exchange rate pressure we find that a new approach suggested by Klaassen & Jager (2011) seems to be valid from both an intuitive and practical perspective.
A Vaginal Bowel-Control System for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a vaginal bowel-control device and pump system for fecal incontinence treatment. METHODS: Women with a minimum of four fecal incontinence episodes over 2 weeks were fit with the intravaginal device. Treatment success, defined as a 50% or greater reduction of incontinent episodes, was assessed at 1 month. Participants were invited into an optional extended-wear period of another 2 months. Secondary outcomes included symptom improvement measured by the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life, Modified Manchester Health Questionnaire, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Adverse events were collected. Intention-to-treat analysis included participants who were successfully fit entering treatment. Per protocol, analysis included participants with a valid 1-month treatment diary. RESULTS: Sixty-one of 110 (55.5%) participants from six clinical sites were successfully fit and entered treatment. At 1 month, intention-to-treat success was 78.7% (48/61, P<.001); per protocol success, 85.7% (48/56, P<.001) and 85.7% (48/56) considered bowel symptoms “very much better” or “much better. ” There was significant improvement in all Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (P<.001) and Modified Manchester (P⩽.007) subscales. Success rate at 3 months was 86.4% (38/44; 95% confidence interval 73–95%). There were no serious adverse events; the most common study-wide device-related adverse event was pelvic cramping or discomfort (25/110 participants [22.7%]), the majority of events (16/25 [64%]) occurring during the fitting period. CONCLUSION: In women successfully fit with a vaginal bowel-control device for nonsurgical treatment for fecal incontinence, there was significant improvement in fecal incontinence by objective and subjective measures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT01655498. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Effect of the Treatment Period With Erythromycin on Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Humans

The aim of the present study was to estimate the time course change in cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity during repeated doses of erythromycin. Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, 4 × 4 Latin square design study. The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of midazolam, a probe for CYP3A activity, were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) midazolam (5 mg) without erythromycin (EM0), (2) erythromycin 2 days + midazolam (2.5 mg) (EM2), (3) erythromycin 4 days + midazolam (2.5 mg) (EM4), and (4) erythromycin 7 days + midazolam (2.5 mg) (EM7). The dose of erythromycin was 800 mg/d. Erythromycin produced a 2.3‐, 3.4‐, and 3.4‐fold increase in dose‐corrected area under the curve of midazolam for EM2, EM4, and EM7, respectively, as compared with EM0 (P <.05/6). A significant prolongation of terminal half‐life was observed in EM4 and EM7. The relationship between the duration of erythromycin treatment and total clearance of midazolam indicated that a plateau level of CYP3A inhibition can be achieved by 4 days or more of erythromycin treatment. The repeated treatment with erythromycin yields CYP3A inhibition in a duration‐dependent manner. A 4‐day course of erythromycin treatment produces 90% or more of the maximal inhibition of CYP3A in humans.
MolecularmarkersdetectinganectomycorrhizalSuillus collinitus strainonPinushalepensis rootssuggest successful inoculationand persistence inMediterraneannurseryandplantation

strainonPinushalepensis rootssuggest successful inoculationand persistence inMediterraneannurseryandplantation Khalid El Karkouri, Marc-André Selosse & Daniel Mousain UMR INRA-Agro.M Rhizosphère & Symbiose, Montpellier Cedex 1, France; UMR CNRS 6026 Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France; and CEFE-CNRS (UMR 5175), Equipe Co-évolution, Montpellier, France
Rapid Detection of the Marek's Disease Viral Genome in Chicken Feathers by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

ABSTRACT A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid detection of serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV) was developed. The method used a set of three pairs of primers to amplify the MEQ gene for detecting serotype 1 MDV. The MDV LAMP method did not cross-react with serotype 2 and serotype 3, nor did the LAMP primers have binding sites for the common avian DNA viruses (reticuloendotheliosis virus, chicken anemia virus, subgroup J of the avian leukosis virus). Additionally, the assay could detect up to 10 copies of the MEQ gene in the MD viral genome, and it had 10 times higher sensitivity than the traditional PCR methods. The LAMP master mix was stable for 90 days at −20°C. Furthermore, the efficiency of LAMP for detection of serotype 1 MDV in clinical samples was comparable to those of PCR and viral isolation. The LAMP procedure is simple and does not rely on any special equipment. The detection of serotype 1 MDV by LAMP will be useful for detecting and controlling oncogenic Marek's disease.
Do Insiders Get Abnormal Returns?: Event Studies on the Trades of Insiders of the Firms with Differentiated Corporate Governance of the São Paulo Stock Exchange

The subject insider trading is controversial. This paper presents series of event studies carried through on the trades with stocks of the firm carried by insiders with the objective to detect abnormal returns, based on the access to privileged information. The sample is composed by trades performed by insiders of the companies with stocks negotiated in the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, that are classified as firms with differentiated corporate governance. Indication that trades performed by insiders resulted in abnormal returns compared to the statistically significant expected ones, as in the purchases of common shares; or for selling of preferred stocks.
Spending time together? Effects on the retirement decision from partner’s labour market status

In this paper we study retirement decisions and more specifically, the influence of a partner’s labour market status on this decision. We use information from three waves of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), providing information on a wide range of variables, including economic, social, as well as health variables not only of the respondent but also of the partner of the respondent, if any. Most importantly, we are able analyse the transition into retirement rather than the state of being retired and also to distinguish between different degrees of labour market attachment of the partner. Initially, we find that having a partner who is retired or a homemaker increases the likelihood of retirement, whereas an unemployed partner or a partner who is not working due to permanent sickness or disability has no statistically significant effect. However, dividing the sample into men and women, we find that the effects differ substantially between these two groups. The probability of retirement among men is not influenced by their partner’s labour market status, and among women we only find a statistically significant effect of having a partner who is retired. Our findings are robust to variations in the definition of retirement and subsamples.