Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searching for magnetostatic modes in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen

We consider a possibility of the magnetostatic type spin waves driven by a long-range magnetic dipole interactions, to account for the peaks in the ESR spectra observed in our previous work (Lehtonen et al 2018 New J. Phys. 20 055010). The Walker equation for magnetostatic modes is solved for a cylinder of atomic hydrogen, first in a uniform magnetic field and second in a linearly decreasing magnetic field. The frequency behavior of the solved modes with length of the cylinder and density of the gas is compared to experimental data. We conclude that magnetostatic modes are unlikely to account for the observed modulations of ESR spectra.
Design of Reversible Low-Field Magnetocaloric Effect at Room Temperature in Hexagonal 
MnMX
 Ferromagnets

Giant magnetocaloric effect is widely achieved in hexagonal MnMX-based (M = Co or Ni, X = Si or Ge) ferromagnets at their first-order magnetostructural transition. However, the thermal hysteresis and the low sensitivity of the magnetostructural transition to the magnetic field inevitably lead to a sizeable irreversibility of the low-field magnetocaloric effect. In this work, we show an alternative way to realize a reversible low-field magnetocaloric effect in MnMX-based alloys by taking advantage of the second-order phase transition. With introducing Cu into Co in MnCoGe alloy, the martensitic transition is stabilized at high temperature, while the Curie temperature of the orthorhombic phase is reduced to room temperature. As a result, a second-order magnetic transition with negligible thermal hysteresis and a large magnetization change can be observed, enabling a large reversible magnetocaloric effect. By both calorimetric and direct measurements, a reversible adiabatic temperature change of about 1 K is obtained under a field change of 0-1 T at 304 K, which is larger than that obtained in a first-order magnetostructural transition. To get a better insight into the origin of these experimental results, first-principles calculations are carried out to characterize the chemical bonds and the magnetic exchange interaction. Our work provides a new understanding of the MnCoGe alloy and indicates a feasible route to improve the reversibility of the low-field magnetocaloric effect in the MnMX system.
Redefining the Torus: A Unifying View of AGNs in the Infrared and Submillimeter

The advent of high-angular-resolution IR and submillimeter interferometry allows for spatially resolved observations of the parsec-scale environment of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), commonly referred to as the “torus. ” While molecular lines show the presence of large, massive disks, the IR observations appear to be dominated by a strong polar component that has been interpreted as a dusty wind. This paper aims at using characteristics shared by AGNs in each of the wavebands and a set of simple physical principles to form a unifying view of these seemingly contradictory observations: dusty molecular gas flows in from galactic scales of ∼100 pc to the subparsec environment via a disk with small to moderate scale height. The hot, inner part of the disk puffs up due to IR radiation pressure and unbinds a large amount of the inflowing gas from the black hole’s gravitational potential, providing the conditions to launch a wind driven by the radiation pressure from the AGN. The dusty wind feeds back mass into the galaxy at a rate of the order of ∼0.1–100 M⊙ yr−1, depending on the AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio. Angle-dependent obscuration as required by AGN unification is provided by a combination of disk, wind, and wind-launching region.
Stochastic properties of the frequency dynamics in real and synthetic power grids

The frequency constitutes a key state variable of electrical power grids. However, as the frequency is subject to several sources of fluctuations, ranging from renewable volatility to demand fluctuations and dispatch, it is strongly dynamic. Yet, the statistical and stochastic properties of the frequency fluctuation dynamics are far from fully understood. Here, we analyse properties of power grid frequency trajectories recorded from different synchronous regions. We highlight the non-Gaussian and still approximately Markovian nature of the frequency statistics. Further, we find that the frequency displays significant fluctuations exactly at the time intervals of regulation and trading, confirming the need of having a regulatory and market design that respects the technical and dynamical constraints in future highly renewable power grids. Finally, employing a recently proposed synthetic model for the frequency dynamics, we combine our statistical and stochastic analysis and analyse in how far dynamically modelled frequency properties match the ones of real trajectories.
A non-orthogonal variational quantum eigensolver

Variational algorithms for strongly correlated chemical and materials systems are one of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computers. We present an extension to the variational quantum eigensolver that approximates the ground state of a system by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem in a subspace spanned by a collection of parametrized quantum states. This allows for the systematic improvement of a logical wavefunction ansatz without a significant increase in circuit complexity. To minimize the circuit complexity of this approach, we propose a strategy for efficiently measuring the Hamiltonian and overlap matrix elements between states parametrized by circuits that commute with the total particle number operator. This strategy doubles the size of the state preparation circuits but not their depth, while adding a small number of additional two-qubit gates relative to standard variational quantum eigensolver. We also propose a classical Monte Carlo scheme to estimate the uncertainty in the ground state energy caused by a finite number of measurements of the matrix elements. We explain how this Monte Carlo procedure can be extended to adaptively schedule the required measurements, reducing the number of circuit executions necessary for a given accuracy. We apply these ideas to two model strongly correlated systems, a square configuration of H4 and the π-system of hexatriene (C6H8).
A COMPARISON BETWEEN REFUSAL STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH MADE BY INDONESIAN EFL STUDENTS AND THAILAND EFL STUDENTS : AN INTERLANGUAGE STUDY

This study deals with refusal strategies in English made by Indonesian EFL students (ILE) and Thailand EFL students (TLE). The aims of this study are (1) to analyze the differences and the similarities between refusal strategies made by both groups, (2) to analyze whether the two groups used similar or difference refusal strategies in social level, (3) and to analyze whether the two groups of speaker use the same or different politeness strategies in their refusals. The subjects of the research are 15 Indonesian EFL students and 15 Thailand EFL students who study at UMS. Refusal strategies to request and suggestion made by the two of groups became the object of this research. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data for this study is elicited from the respondents through the Discourse Completion Task (DCT) which consisted of six situations with different level status. The data were analyzed by Beebe et al refusal strategy and Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategy. The finding of the study showed that ILE tended to be direct in declining a request and suggestion for examples, inability, unwillingness and direct ‘no’. While TLE tended to
Comparing the effect of ozonized olive oil with clotrimazole on three Candida species C . albiacans , C . glabrata , C . krusei

One of the most important pathogenic fungi in immune compromised patients is Candida.spp. Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen with high oxidation power; in addition it has fungicidal effects. Considering highly prevalence of Candida infections and drug resistance, it is important to find a low cost medicine with high effects and with low adverse effects for treating these kinds of infections. In this study, the effect of ozonated olive oil compared with clotrimazole on three species of candida (C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei) on saboraud dextrose agar (SDA) media was evaluated.Different concentrations of ozonated olive oil (166.66, 200, 233.33, 266.66, 300 mg/ml) in culture media were prepared and poured in some plates separately. Plates without ozonated olive oil were used as negative control. Plates containing different amount of clotrimazole (1, 2, 3, 6, and 8μg/ml) were considered as positive control. After inoculation of different candida spp. in all media, the plates were incubated at 37 ̊C for 72 hours and observed for fungal growth in their status every 24 hours. Our study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ozonated olive oil for Candida krusei was 166.66, and for Candida albicans and Candida glaberata were 233.33, 200 mg/ml respectively. Clotrimazole inhibited all candida species in concentration much lower than ozonated olive oil. Considering that the ability of ozonated olive oil to inhibit candida growth in the media, authors hope that future researches will be performed based on this study and it can be a new product for topical treatment of candidiasis.
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry characterization and antinociceptive effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves from Clusia minor L.

Context: The search of new substances with analgesic properties has grown in the last years. Brazil and Cuba have a big biodiversity allowing the study of several plants with potential pharmacological activities. Aims: To evaluate the chemical composition and potential antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract from Clusia minor L. leaves (Clusiaceae) in mice. Methods: Phytochemical characterization was performed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated using acetic acid, formalin, hot plate, and capsaicin models. Mechanical hypernociception was induced by intraplantar carrageenan, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and prostagladin E2 (PGE2) and responses were measured after 3 h of injection. Results: Mass Spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of 16 compounds. Fatty acid derivatives, steroids, triterpenoids, and vitamin E were the main findings. The most abundant sterol was β-sitosterol (14.04%); followed by the triterpenes α-amyrin (11.94%), and β-amyrin (7.82%). Vitamin E represented the 8.44% of the total identified compounds. The evaluation of the acetic acid-induced nociception model showed that the extract was effective in reducing pain in a dose-dependent manner. This resulted in a maximal inhibition of 53 ± 4%. The extract was also effective in other pain models. Additionally, the extract presented a considerable inhibition of paw mechanical hypernociception. Conclusions: The data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of Clusia minor occurs by interaction of various mechanisms; which probably take places via central and peripheral pathway. Therefore, modulating the inflammatory and neurogenic pain.
Halos or Horns ? Reputation and the Contingent Financial Returns to Non-Market Behavior

Scholars have long sought to demonstrate the financial value of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and found that stakeholders tend to respond positively when CSR aligns with their values or interests. This work builds on the premise that stakeholders have stable preferences and are able to identify behaviors as contextually appropriate. However, firms’ pro-social behavior often occurs under high uncertainty of the social need and the firm’s capacity to respond. Hence, stakeholders are likely to interpret a firm’s actions with other cues. We argue that stakeholders use a firm’s preexisting reputation to predict the contextual appropriateness of its non-market behavior. Well-reputed firms will thus derive rents regardless of their response, while poorly-regarded firms will be punished, regardless of the relative social value of their donation amount. In turn, these assessments will become cognitive anchors that shape how subsequent responses are viewed. The reputation of the first mover overrides the reputation of an imitating follower, which obtains a spillover benefit or loss. Our analyses use a database covering every firm donation to every natural disaster worldwide from 2003 to 2015 and the preliminary results point to important boundary conditions for the relationship between CSR and rent accrual.
Role of Fiber Orientation in Atrial

Electrical wave-front propagation in the atria is determined largely by local fiber orientation. Recent study suggests that atrial fibrillation (AF) progresses with enhanced anisotropy. In this work, a 3D rabbit atrial anatomical model at 20×20×20 μm 3 resolution with realistic fiber orientation was constructed based on the novel contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging. The FentonKarma cellular activation model was adapted to reproduce rabbit atrial action potential period of 80 ms. Diffusivities were estimated for longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation respectively. Pacing was conducted in the 3D anisotropic atrial model with a reducing S2 interval to facilitate initiation of atrial arrhythmia. Multiple simulations were conducted with varying values of diffusion anisotropy and stimulus locations to evaluate the role of anisotropy in initiating AF. Under physiological anisotropy conditions, a rapid right atrial activation was followed by the left atrial activation. Excitation waves reached the atrio-ventricular border where they terminated. Upon reduction of conduction heterogeneity, re-entry was initiated by the rapid pacing and the activation of both atrial chambers was almost simultaneous. Myofiber orientation is an effective mechanism for regulating atrial activation. Modification of myoarchitecture is proarrhythmic.
BIOMARKERS OF ALZHEIMER ’ S DISEASE AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA SIMULTANEOUSLY SAMPLED FROM SERUM AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞI VE VASKÜLER DEMANSTA EŞ ZAMANLI ALINAN SERUM VE BEYİN OMURİLİK SIVISINDA BİYOLOJİK BELİRTEÇLER Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease, which is a progressive disease accompanied by behavioral problems and decreased activities of daily living with early cognitive decline, and vascular dementia, which is related to cerebrovascular lesions with gradual, progressive cognitive decline, are common in the elderly. Currently, pathological examination is the gold standard in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia and studies to elucidate the role of cytokines in their pathophysiology using cerebrospinal fluid and serum biological markers have been intensified. In this study, cerebrospinal fluid and serum biomarker levels from both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia patients were examined. Materials and Method: Thirty patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (Group 1) and vascular dementia (Group 2) were enrolled in this study. Serum interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor--α, and interleukin-6 levels as well as serum and cerebrospinal fluid protein carbonyl, glutathione and β-amyloid levels from Groups 1 and 2 (N=15 each) patients were compared. Results: Serum interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and β-amyloid levels as well as serum and cerebrospinal fluid protein carbonyl and glutathione levels were not statistically different (p>0.05) between Group 1 and Group 2. Serum interlukin-6 levels and cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid levels were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, serum interleukin-6 levels were higher, whereas cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid levels were lower, in vascular dementia patients than in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Upregulation of nuclear PA 28 γ expression in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

We previously reported that proteasome activator 28γ (PA28γ) is an oncogenic protein in hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein transgenic mice. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PA28γ expression at the protein level in the development and progression of human hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Samples from tissues representing a wide spectrum of liver disease were analyzed, including histologically normal livers (n=5), HCV-related chronic hepatitis (CH) (n=15) and cirrhosis (n=31). The level of nuclear PA28γ increased with the progression of liver disease from CH to cirrhosis. The majority of cirrhotic livers (68%; 21/31) displayed high nuclear PA28γ expression. However, in half of the HCCs (50%; 18/36), little or no nuclear PA28γ expression was observed, while the remaining 50% (18/36) of the cases displayed high levels of nuclear PA28γ expression. A clinicopathological survey demonstrated a significant correlation between nuclear PA28γ expression and capsular invasion in HCC (P=0.026); a striking difference was found between nuclear PA28γ expression in non-tumor tissues and shorter disease-free survival (P<0.01). Moreover, nuclear PA28γ expression in non-tumor tissues correlated with the expression of molecules related to the genesis of hepatic steatosis and HCC, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA. The findings suggest the involvement of nuclear PA28γ expression in the progression and relapse of HCC, and suggest that nuclear PA28γ is a potentially suitable target for the prevention and/or treatment of HCC.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI STOCK EXCHANGE BY Mwangi

Capital structure of firm is the choice between debt and debt equivalent sources of finance on one hand and the issue of equity to finance the firms’ activities on the other hand. Hence, capital structure decisions have great impact on the performance of firms. This study proposed that there are measurable linkages between financial leverage (capital structure) and financial performance which can easily be established through analyses of return on equity, return on asset, price/earnings ratio, capitalization ratio, liquidity and return on investment. Therefore the purpose of this study was to establish whether there is any relationship between capital structure of listed firms in the Nairobi Stock Exchange and their financial performance through analysis of financial parameters. The objectives of the study were to determine the relationships between capital structure and financial performance of listed firms at Nairobi Stock Exchange, and investigate capital structure dynamics of listed firms and their relative impact on firms’ financial performance. The causal research design was adopted in this study. The population of this study comprises 57 firms that were listed at the Nairobi Stock Exchange between year 2000 and 2009. Purposive sampling technique was used for this study. The sample comprises 32 nonfinancial firms that were continuously listed for a period of ten years from year 2000 to 2009. The sample excluded 13 financial firms (Banks and Insurance firms) and 12 non-financial companies which were not continuously listed during the study period; 2 firms were de-listed, 4 firms were suspended and 6 were newly listed. Pearson correlation which establishes relationship between variables indicated that leverage is determined by return on equity, liquidity, and return on investment. This is because there is strong relationship between leverage and return on equity, liquidity, and return on investment. Co-efficient of the regression shows that there is relationship between leverage and return on equity, return on asset, liquidity and return on investment. However, regression analysis coefficient shows no relationship between leverage and price/earnings ratio and capitalization.
Investor Demand for Contextual Information : Evidence from Wikipedia *

I use the web traffic (wiki-visits) to the Wikipedia pages of S&P 500 companies to study the determinants and consequences of investors’ contextual information acquisition. Employing the launch of Google Knowledge Graph as a natural experiment, I first establish that wiki-visits reflect information acquisition by investors, especially retail investors. I then document that wiki-visits spike at key informational events such as earnings announcements. To better understand investors’ demand for contextual information, I focus on earnings announcements and find that the abnormal wiki-visits at these announcements increase with the announcing firms’ abnormal tone in earnings press releases, textual complexity of previous financial reports, and off-balance sheet intangible intensity. Consistent with contextual information improving investors’ interpretation of financial information, I find that the abnormal wiki-visits at earnings announcements are positively associated with the earnings response coefficient and the speed of price discovery measured by intra-period timeliness. Collectively, these results suggest that investors supplement financial information with highly readable contextual information, thereby improving their understanding of the financial information.
Adjustment of growth models in broiler chickens

The objective of this work was to investigate adjustments of the Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Richards growth models, in male and female chickens of the Cobb 500, Ross 308, and Hubbard Flex lines. Initially, 1,800 chickens were randomly housed in 36 pens, with six replicates per lineage and sex, fed ad libitum with feed according to gender, and bred until 56 days of age. Average weekly body weight for each line and sex was used to estimate model parameters using the ordinary least squares, weighted by the inverse variance of the body weight and weighted with a first-order autocorrelated error structure. Weighted models and weighted autocorrelated error models showed different parameter values when compared with the unweighted models, modifying the inflection point of the curve and according to the adjusted coefficient of determination, and the standard deviation of the residue and Akaike information criteria exhibited optimal adjustments. Among the models studied, the Richards and the Gompertz models had the best adjustments in all situations, with more realistic parameter estimates. However, the weighted Richards model, with or without ponderation with the autoregressive first order model AR (1), exhibited the best adjustments in females and males, respectively.
ONALCOHOLAND DRUGS / JULY 2018 Are the “ Best Buys ” forAlcohol Control Still Valid ? An Update on the Comparative Cost-Effectiveness ofAlcohol Control Strategies at the Global Level

DAN CHISHOLM, PH.D.,a,* DANIELA MORO, PH.D.,b MELANIE BERTRAM, PH.D.,c CAREL PRETORIUS, PH.D.,d GERRIT GMEL, PH.D.,e KEVIN SHIELD, PH.D.,e,f,g & JÜRGEN REHM, PH.D.e–k aDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland bUniversity of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy cDepartment of Health Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland dAvenir Health, Glastonbury, Connecticut eInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada fPAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada gDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada hInstitute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany iCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada jInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada kDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada