Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phencyclidine: A 5‐Year Retrospective Review from the New York City Medical Examiner’s Office

Abstract: We report here a 5‐year retrospective review of autopsy cases from the New York City Medical Examiner’s Office that demonstrated phencyclidine (PCP) in the blood. There were a total of 138 cases. There were 52 deaths because of mixed drug intoxication: the blood PCP concentrations in these cases ranged from <1 to 598 ng/mL. There were 80 violent deaths in which PCP was quantified in the blood but was unrelated to the cause of death. There were five nonviolent deaths in which PCP exclusively was detected. In four of these, there were preexisting medical conditions that could also have contributed to death. In these, the highest PCP concentration was 361.3 ng/mL, a concentration lower than seven of the individuals in our violent death category. This suggests that lower concentrations may be fatal with comorbid conditions.
The canine stifle joint. I. Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. An assessment of conservative and surgical treatment.

A method of assessment of cases of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament with a view to prescribing either surgical or conservative treatment is described. The results of treatment of the cases after such an assessment indicates that the majority of small dogs will recover to satisfactory function after 2 months enforced rest, but large breed and working dogs require surgical intervention for successful treatment. Resume. Les auteurs decrivent une methode propre a evaluer les ruptures du ligament cruci-forme anterieur en vue de prescrire soit l'intervention chirurgicale, soit le traitement conserva-teur. Les resultats therapeutiques obtenus sur la base de cette evaluation portent a conclure que chez le chien de petite taille, 2 mois de repos force permettent le plus souvent d'obtenir un retablissement fonctionnel satisfaisant, tandis que chez les chiens de grande taille et chiens d'utilite, l'intervention chirurgicale s'impose. Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine Methode zur klinischen Beurteilung von Fallen einer Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes im Hinblick auf die Moglichkeit einer chirurgischen oder konservativen Behandlung beschrieben. Die Behandlungsergebnisse bei den Fallen nach einer solchen Beurteilung zeigen, dass die Mehrzahl von kleinen Hunden sich in 2 Monaten Zwangsruhe zu einer zufriedenstellenden Funktion erholt, grosse Rassen und Arbeitshunde aber einen chirurgischen Eingriff zur erfolgreichen Behandlung benotigen.
Shareholder Votes and Proxy Advisors: Evidence from Say on Pay: SHAREHOLDER VOTES AND PROXY ADVISORS

We study the role of proxy advisors (ISS and Glass Lewis & Co.) in the context of mandatory “say on pay” votes, a novel and complex item requiring significant firm-specific analysis. After describing the analysis underlying each proxy advisor’s recommendations, we examine the effect of these recommendations on shareholder votes, stock prices and firms’ behavior. As in prior studies, negative recommendations have a strong association with voting outcomes, but the effect varies with the reasons behind the recommendation. We document a small but significantly negative market reaction to the release of negative recommendations. More than one third of the firms receiving a negative recommendation publicly question the proxy advisors’ methodologies, but this protest has no effect on the recommendation and the voting outcome. The few firms that change their compensation practices obtain a revision in the recommendation and avoid voting dissent. We also present novel evidence on the (substantial) influence of management recommendations on shareholder votes in the context of the “say when on pay” vote, i.e. the vote on whether to hold say on pay votes every one, two or three years. Our findings contribute to the literature on shareholder voting and the related policy debate. JEL Classification: G34, G38, J33, M12
Human brain labeling using image similarities

We propose in this work a patch-based segmentation method relying on a label propagation framework. Based on image intensity similarities between the input image and a learning dataset, an original strategy which does not require any non-rigid registration is presented. Following recent developments in non-local image denoising, the similarity between images is represented by a weighted graph computed from intensity-based distance between patches. Experiments on simulated and in-vivo MR images show that the proposed method is very successful in providing automated human brain labeling.
MOODY'S KMV RISKCALC™ V3.1 KOREA

Moody’s KMV RiskCalc is the Moody’s KMV model for predicting private company defaults. It covers over 80% of the world’s GDP, has more than 20 geographic-specific models, and is used by hundreds of institutions worldwide. While using the same underlying framework, each model reflects the domestic lending, regulatory, and accounting practices of its specific region.
External Fixation Using Femoral Less Invasive Stabilization System Plate in Tibial Proximal Metaphyseal Fracture

Background The locking plates are often used for internal fixation of closed tibial fractures. The use of a locking plate as an external fixator is still controversial, particularly for closed fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of external fixation using the femoral less invasive stabilization system (LISS) plate in proximal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia. Methods We prospectively evaluated 35 patients (26 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 42 years (range, 21 to 62 years) who presented with fresh tibial proximal metaphyseal fractures. According to the AO Foundation and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification, the fractures were identified as type 41-A2 in 18 cases and type 41-A3 in 17 cases, including 25 closed fractures and 10 open fractures. The femoral LISS plate was used to fix these fractures, which was placed on the anteromedial aspect of the tibia as an external fixator. The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range, 13 to 22 months). Results All fractures healed in a mean time of 14 weeks (range, 10 to 20 weeks). There was no case of nonunion, deep infection, and loosening of screws and plates. One month after the appearance of cortical bridging on biplanar radiographs, the locking plate was removed within 3 minutes in the clinic without any difficulty. According to the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scoring system and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle scoring system, the mean HSS score was 91 (range, 85 to 100) and 98 (range, 93 to 100), and the mean AOFAS score was 94 (range, 90 to 100) and 98 (range, 95 to 100) at 4 weeks postoperatively and final follow-up, respectively. Conclusions For proximal metaphyseal fracture of the tibia, external fixation using the femoral LISS plate is a safe and reliable technique with minimal complications and excellent outcomes. Its advantages include ease of performing the surgery, use of a less invasive technique, and convenience of plate removal after fracture healing.
Effect of aerosolized colistin as adjunctive treatment on the outcomes of microbiologically documented ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by colistin-only susceptible gram-negative bacteria.

BACKGROUND The increasing frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by colistin-only susceptible (COS) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is of great concern. Adjunctive aerosolized (AS) colistin can reportedly increase alveolar levels of the drug without increasing systemic toxicity. Good clinical results have been obtained in patients with cystic fibrosis, but conflicting data have been reported in patients with VAP. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, 1:1 matched case-control study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AS plus IV colistin vs IV colistin alone in 208 patients in the ICU with VAP caused by COS Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae. RESULTS Compared with the IV colistin cohort, the AS-IV colistin cohort had a higher clinical cure rate (69.2% vs 54.8%, P = .03) and required fewer days of mechanical ventilation after VAP onset (8 days vs 12 days, P = .001). In the 166 patients with posttreatment cultures, eradication of the causative organism was also more common in the AS-IV colistin group (63.4% vs 50%, P = .08). No between-cohort differences were observed in all-cause ICU mortality, length of ICU stay after VAP onset, or rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) during colistin therapy. Independent predictors of clinical cure were trauma-related ICU admission (P = .01) and combined AS-IV colistin therapy (P = .009). Higher mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (P = .002) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (P = .05) scores, septic shock (P < .001), and AKI onset during colistin treatment (P = .04) were independently associated with clinical failure. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AS colistin might be a beneficial adjunct to IV colistin in the management of VAP caused by COS GNB.
Emerging drugs for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: investigational drugs in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials

Introduction: Antipsychotic drugs (APs) represent the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and other forms of psychosis. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a motor disorder associated with the ongoing use of APs and is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements that are potentially irreversible. Current treatment is wanting, due in part to our limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying TD. Areas covered: Risk of TD associated with APs appears linked to continuous blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the basal ganglia. Proposed mechanisms include increased dopamine activation of D2 receptors caused by supersensitivity and neurodegeneration of dopamine-producing neurons due to biochemical changes incurred by ongoing AP exposure. Existing treatments are designed to reverse or prevent the neurochemical/biological changes caused by dopamine D2 receptor blockade and include vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) inhibitors, antioxidants, compounds with serotonin receptor agonism as well as antagonism, GABA agonists and cholinergic agents. Randomized, controlled trials in Phase II and Phase III (ClinicalTrials.org/ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu) are summarized and discussed. Expert opinion: Effective adjunctive treatment for the symptoms of TD will depend on gaining a better understanding of the neurological changes induced by chronic dopamine D2 receptor antagonism from APs.
Asset Returns, Risks, and Cash Flow Expectations

Asset Returns, Risks, and Cash Flow Expectations Zhongjin Lu This dissertation delves into the relation between asset returns, risks, and cash ow expectations. The rst chapter uses the model-implied patterns of cash ow expectations to di erentiate among the three most prominent behavioral theories explaining stock return momentum and reversal. Using analyst earnings forecasts as a proxy for cash ow expectations, I trace the dynamics of the expectation errors for winner and loser stocks in a 24-month holding period, during which returns are characterized by a momentum phase followed by a reversal phase. The large positive cross-sectional di erence in expectation errors between winner and loser stocks gradually shrinks to zero over the holding period. This pattern is most consistent with the underreaction hypothesis in Hong and Stein (1999), in which cash ow expectation errors can only explain momentum, and price extrapolation is needed to explain reversal. The second chapter examines carry trade returns formed from the G10 currencies. Performance attributes depend on the base currency. Spread-weighting and risk-rebalancing positions over time improve performance. Hedging with options reduces pro tability. Equity, bond, FX, and volatility risks cannot explain pro tability. Time-varying dollar exposure produces abnormal excess returns. Dollar-neutral carry trades exhibit insigni cant abnormal returns, while the dollar exposure part of the carry trade earns signi cant alphas and little skewness. Downside equity market betas of carry trades are not signi cantly di erent from unconditional betas. Distributions of drawdowns and maximum losses from daily data indicate the importance of autocorrelation in determining the negative skewness of longer horizon returns. The third chapter investigates the question of whether sovereigns pay a premium on their own borrowing as a result of (implicitly or explicitly) guaranteeing sub-entities' debt has been explored only little. We use an event study approach with separate equations for two levels of government to test for a simultaneous increase in sovereign risk premia and decrease in sub-national risk premia or a de facto transfer of risk from the latter to the former on the day a sovereign bailout is announced. Using daily nancial market data for Spain and its autonomous regions from January 2010 to June 2013, we nd support for our risk transfer hypothesis. We estimate that the Spanish sovereign's spread may have increased by around 70 basis points as a result of the central government's support for scally distressed comunidades autonomas.
The effect of sodium lactate and lactic acid combinations on the microbial, sensory, and chemical attributes of marinated chicken thigh.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemical, microbiological, and sensory effects of different sodium lactate (SL) and lactic acid (LA) combinations on marinated chicken thigh. The latter were treated with SL and LA combined at various concentrations, namely 0.3 and 0.03; 0.5 and 0.05; 0.6 and 0.06; 0.75 and 0.075; and 0.9 and 0.09%, respectively. The findings indicated that those combinations were efficient (P < 0.05) against the proliferation of various spoilage microorganisms, including aerobic plate count, psychrotrophic populations, Pseudomonas spp. , Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella spp. The results from chemical analyses revealed that the treated thigh underwent significant decreases (P < 0.05) in terms of pH values and total volatile base nitrogen contents. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were, however, detected with regard to their sensory attributes, with SL-LA concentrations of 0.9 and 0.09 yielding the highest scores for the color, texture, and flavor attributes. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the addition of 0.9% SL and 0.09% LA to marinated chicken can help delay the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms, prevent the generation of undesirable chemicals, improve the levels of sensory attributes, and extend the shelf life of products during refrigerated storage.
FINANCIAL POTENTIAL OF CROATIAN BANKS, CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH PROJECTION

Banks are financial institutions whose main busines s operation is gathering and raising financial means and directing them to clients in the form of credit and non-credit placements. The financial potential of banks, i.e. the complete financial sou rces, was around 300 bn kunas at the end of 2006. The most important sector shaping the financial pot ential of banks is that of the population with a share of about 37.6%; banking institutions, mainly foreign, account for about 26%, the share of companies is about 15.4% while the share of central and local administration is 4.4%. Research results show that in the past thirteen-year-period there has been a positive, linear and very close connection between the financial potential and dome stic sources of the banks and the Croatian GDP. Results also show that the changes in the financial potential and domestic sources for the banks react elastically to changes in the GDP. The realized Cro atian GDP is actually the main source for the shaping of deposits made by the population and lega l persons, as well as for other sources pointing, therefore, to the necessity for the banks to change the past crediting policy. Credits to the populati on, as the largest share in crediting, should be signif cantly slowed down, while financial monitoring of current operations and development of economic subj ects should be significantly increased. A more intense credit monitoring of the economy would resu lt in a stronger increase of the GDP and the financial potential of banks, while the system of m ultiplication of credits and deposits would enable banks to strengthen their deposit base and profitab il y.
China's Labour Market Tensions and Future Urbanisation Challenges

Over the past few years, China’s per capita GDP growth has slowed significantly but real wages of migrant workers have continued to increase at more than 10 per cent per annum. Between 2012 and 2013, per capita real GDP increased by 7.7 per cent, while monthly real wages of migrant workers increased by 12.3 per cent, based on the latest Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC) survey data. Other small-scale surveys reveal a similar pattern. For example, the global investment research firm Gavekal Dragonomics reports almost exactly the same level of migrant wage growth for 2013 as the RUMiC survey (Miller and Gatley 2014). 2
Helping workers meet the challenges of ongoing change : what strategies help and hinder?

Taking a positive psychology approach, this research looked at a little-studied subset of working women and men those who experienced changes affecting their work and self-reported as handling them well. The primary purpose was to explore what strategies they employed that helped them handle change well, what hindered doing well, and whether there were things that would have been helpful but were unavailable. There were two secondary purposes: (1) to gain insight into the nature of the changes they had faced, the impacts of those changes, whether they had always handled change well, and if not, when that changed and why; and (2) to explore whether the research interview itself had an impact on participants. This was primarily a qualitative, exploratory study that used the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) (Flanagan, 1954) to elicit helping and hindering critical incidents and wish list items; and open-ended interview questions (Cozby, 1997; Palys, 1997) to gather information about participants' experiences of change. A quantitative component was embedded in the form of a preand post-interview scaling question (Palys, 1997) to determine if the interview had an impact. Data from the CIT portion of the study elicited ten helping, hindering and wish list categories: (1) Personal Attitudes/Traits/Emotional Set; (2) Support from Friends and Family; (3) Internal Framework and Boundaries; (4) Taking Action; (5) Self-care; (6) Support from Professionals; (7) Management Style and Work Environment; (8) Skill/Role Competence; (9) Support from Work Colleagues; and (10) Personal Life Changes/Issues, suggesting strategies can be employed that facilitate handling
Prevalence and age, gender and geographical area distribution of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in North China from 1985 to 2006.

OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence and distribution profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) over a 22-yr period in North China. METHODS Using endoscopy for primary diagnosis and histological analysis for the further confirmation, a total of 74,854 ESCC patients aged 20-89 between January 1985 and December 2006 were investigated to analyze the epidemiological profile including prevalence rates, distribution of age-of-onset, gender and geographical area of ESCC in Luoyang, the highest incidence area of North China. RESULTS A total of 4092 cases of ESCC were finally diagnosed among 74,854 patients who had their first endoscopies. The prevalence among males was higher than that among females (p<0.01), resulting in an overall male:female OR of 1.2 (95%CI, 1.2-1.3). The prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (p<0.01), resulting in an overall rural:urban OR of 2.6 (95%CI, 2.4-2.9). The rural:urban ORs and the 95% CI increased continuously from 2.6, 2.3-3.0 to 2.7, 2.2-3.3, respectively, for 4 consecutive periods during the 22-yr study period. Moreover, the median age of onset among females was higher than that among males (p<0.01). For both sexes and in both areas, the prevalence rates declined and the median age of onset rose for 4 consecutive periods in the 22-yrs time frame (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS [corrected] These data reveal the epidemiological profile of ESCC in the area of North China, and suggest that urban areas and rural people account for a growing proportion of the ESCC patients although the prevalence of ESCC significantly declined and the median age-of-onset postponed over the 22-yrs period. Moreover, the prevalence status of ESCC in rural areas also underlines the need for public health initiatives aimed at reducing risk factors of this fatal disease.
Factors Determining Industrial Competitiveness And The Role Of Spillovers

This article applied regressions and panel data analysis to determine how micro-economic spillovers enhance the competitiveness of firms and industries. What made this study unique was that it considered the interactions between various spillover factors working simultaneously and their effect on competitiveness and also investigated possible harmful effects of spillovers. Data from the Manufacturing Firm Survey of the World Bank was used, which covered the first decade of the third millennium, including world economic crises. The investigation on sales used cross-sectional regressions, following a survey conducted on sales and competitiveness. The general findings were that FDI and technological expenses offered little spillover advantages to firms, but that spillovers from research and development do enhance competitiveness. Managerial expertise and education of the workforce restrict spillovers and enhance competitiveness, while a larger and less educated workforce increases leakages of information and spillovers, suppressing competitiveness. The results further revealed that exports and spending on communication, machinery and equipment, a trained work force and innovation all enhanced sales, but the numbers of new firms and the number of privately owned businesses suppress competitiveness. Concerning the negative effects of spillovers, corruption, crime, theft and disorder increase spillovers and curb competitiveness. More spending on security decreases these negative spillovers, as does support from well-known suppliers. A larger workforce causes more negative spillovers, as do the number of new and temporary workers, more competitors and new suppliers. The findings of this study will be of special value to managers and project planners.
The influence of mood on the process and content of encoding future intentions

Remembering to perform an intention in the future when some environmental cue is encountered is referred to as event-based prospective memory. The influence of mood on this future-oriented memory is unclear. By experimentally manipulating mood, the current set of experiments sought to examine the influence that differing mood states have on encoding future intentions. Participants were induced into a neutral, positive, or negative mood state at intention formation and returned to their baseline mood before beginning the prospective memory task. Relative to the neutral mood, positive mood facilitated and negative mood impaired intention encoding when neutrally toned cues were used, as evidenced by the proportion of cues subsequently detected. The use of negatively toned cues ameliorated the benefit of the positive mood but not the impairment of the negative mood. Further, reinstatement of the encoding mood during retrieval equated performance for all three mood conditions. Results suggest that encoded mood influences the future accessibility and completion of intended behaviours, perhaps through modulation of associative processing. The current study demonstrates that mood plays a determining role in encoding future intentions.