Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology, in 1994, of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Manila and Cebu City, Republic of the Philippines

Background and Objectives: Failure of gonococcal infections to respond to 500 mg of ciprofloxacin or 400 mg of ofloxacin has been reported from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Recently, high rates of decreased susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones have been detected in penicillinase‐producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Republic of the Philippines. Goals: To assess the diversity of antimicrobial‐resistant gonococcal strains isolated from female sex workers in Manila and Cebu City in the Republic of the Philippines in 1994. Study Design: Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from 92 female sex workers in Manila (n = 28) and Cebu City (n = 64), respectively, were characterized by plasmid profile, auxotype/serovar class, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Results: Plasmid‐mediated resistance to penicillin or tetracycline was identified in 79.3% (73/92) of the isolates: penicillinase‐producing N. gonorrhoeae (65/92; 70.7%), tetracycline‐resistant N. gonorrhoeae (6/92; 6.5%), and penicillinase‐producing/tetracycline‐resistant N. gonorrhoeae (1/92; 1.1%). A β‐lactamase plasmid of 3.9 megadaltons was discovered. Of 54.3% (50/92) of strains resistant to nalidixic acid, 84% (42/50) of strains had minimum inhibitory concentrations of ≥0.125 μg/ml ciprofloxacin; penicillinase‐producing N. gonorrhoeae (possessing the 3.05‐, 3.2‐, 3.9‐, and 4.4‐megadalton β‐lactamase plasmids, respectively) accounted for 68% (34/50) of these strains. Conclusions: In the Republic of the Philippines, gonococcal isolates resistant to penicillin or tetracycline accounted for 85.9% (79/92) of the isolates examined and included strains exhibiting resistance to fluoroquinolones. All gonococcal infections should be treated with antimicrobial therapies known to be active against all gonococcal strains to reduce the spread of strains exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones.
Sex‐specific patterns of galanin, cholecystokinin, and substance P expression in neurons of the principal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are differentially reflected within three efferent preoptic pathways in the juvenile rat

Neurons in the principal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTp) integrate hormonal and sensory information associated with reproduction and transmit this information to hypothalamic nuclei that regulate neuroendocrine and behavioral functions. The neuropeptides galanin (GAL), cholecystokinin (CCK), and substance P (SP) are highly expressed in BSTp neurons and are differentially regulated by sex steroids. The current experiments investigated whether developmental or peripubertal hormone‐mediated changes in GAL, CCK, and SP expression are reflected within efferent pathways to the preoptic structures that regulate gonadotropin secretion and sexual behavior. Anterograde labeling of projections from the BSTp of male and female juvenile rats combined with immunohistochemical labeling of GAL‐, CCK‐, and SP‐containing fibers in the anteroventral periventricular preoptic nucleus (AVPV) and the central and medial divisions of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc, MPNm, respectively) revealed unique sex differences in each region. In the AVPV, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin‐labeled fibers were seen at a greater density in males than in females, and higher percentages of these fibers contained GAL in males than in females. In contrast, fibers projecting from the BSTp to the MPNc were more likely to contain SP in females than in males. Treatment of gonadectomized, peripubertal males and females with exogenous testosterone and estradiol did not alter the densities of GAL‐, CCK‐, or SP‐containing fibers in any of the three brain areas examined. Collectively, these results suggest that patterns of neuropeptide expression in BSTp projections are established during development, resulting in a distinct, stable, and sex‐specific chemoarchitectural profile for each projection pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 465:551–559, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of a New Differential Chaos-Shift-Keying System for Continuous Mobility

Conventional differential chaos-shift-keying systems (DCSK) are not the most suitable for supporting continuous-mobility scenarios. Therefore, in this paper an improved continuous-mobility differential chaos-shift-keying system (CM-DCSK) is presented that provides greater agility and improved performance in fast fading channels without accurate channel estimation while still being simple compared to a conventional DCSK system. A new DCSK frame signal is designed to reach this goal. In our new frame design, each reference sample is followed by a data carrier sample. This modification of the system design reduces the hardware complexity of DCSK because it requires a shorter wideband delay line and significantly improves the performance over fast fading channels while keeping the non-coherent nature of the transmission system. Once the design is explained, the bit error rate performance is computed over a multipath fast fading channel and compared to the conventional DCSK system. Simulation results confirm the advantages of this new noncoherent spread-spectrum design that can support mobility.
Chemically induced lung and forestomach neoplasias in transgenic mice carry mutant forms of the human c-Ha-ras transgene.

Susceptibility to lung carcinogens and genetic changes in neoplastic lesions were investigated in transgenic mice carrying a human hybrid c-Ha-ras gene, encoding a prototype p21 gene product. Nine-week-old male and female transgenic mice and non-transgenic littermates were injected i.p. with 6-nitrochrysene (6NC) three times biweekly or administered urethane in their drinking water for 3 weeks. Control mice were given dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), the solvent for 6NC, alone. The incidences of lung adenocarcinomas were four out of seven female (57%) transgenic mice treated with 6NC and three out of three males (100%) and three out of three females (100%) receiving urethane. No adenocarcinomas were observed in control animals or non-transgenic mice. Adenomas developed in all treated groups, but the incidence and multiplicity were higher in transgenic animals than in their non-transgenic counterparts. In the 6NC-treated group, forestomach papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas were also observed in both male (25 and 50%) and female (56 and 33%) transgenic mice. PCR-SSCP and DNA sequence analysis of these induced lesions revealed point mutations at codon 61 of transgenic human c-Has-ras, from CAG (Gln) to CTG (Leu) or CAG (Gln) to AAG (Lyn) in lung hyperplasias (two out of three), an adenoma (one out of two), adenocarcinomas (five out of seven) and forestomach squamous cell carcinomas (four out of five). Mutations were not observed in forestomach papillomas. No changes in mouse Ha-ras or Ki-ras were found in any lesions. Furthermore, p21 overexpression was not evident in lung or forestomach tumors on immunohistochemical analysis. These findings indicate a high sensitivity to lung carcinogens in transgenic mice carrying the human c-Ha-ras gene and that this might be effected by mutational activation.
Supplementary material for : Characterisation of field loss based on microperimetry is predictive of face recognition difficulties

loss based on microperimetry is predictive of face recognition difficulties Thomas S A Wallis ∗ †1,3,4, Christopher Patrick Taylor †1, Jennifer Wallis †2, Mary Lou Jackson, and Peter J Bex Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia Present address: Universität Tübingen, Germany
Mycobacterial ribonucleic acid: comparison with mycobacterial cell wall fractions for regression of murine tumor growth

Mycobacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) and cell wall skeleton fraction isolated from H37Ra caused P-815 mastocytoma regression in DBA/2 mice provided the animals were presensitized with freshly harvested living H37Ra cells. In the absence of presensitization, only the RNA fraction inhibited. Cell wall skeleton fraction, under these conditions, stimulated tumor growth. Cell wall lipids (from H37Ra) added to H37Ra cell wall skeleton fraction did not increase the inhibitory activity of cell wall skeleton fraction alone. Mycobacterial RNA appeared to be an effective inhibitor of P-815 mastocytoma metastases as shown by (i) the inhibition of a second footpad lesion distant from the one treated and (ii) increase in survival time.
On a generalization of distributivity

In this paper, we generalize the notion of distributivity and consider some properties of distributive ideals, that is, ideals I such that the algebra P(κ)/I is distributive in our sense. Our notation and terminology is explained in §1, while the main results of this paper begin in §2. We shall show here some relations of the distributivity and the ideal theoretic partitions. In §3, we shall study the class of distributive ideals over κ whose existence is equivalent to the ineffability of κ, and other classes. Finally, in §4, we shall consider the equivalence of the Boolean prime ideal theorem and show that the existence of certain distributive ideals characterizes several large cardinals. As a byproduct, we can give a simple proof of Ketonen's theorem that κ is strongly compact if and only if for any regular cardinal λ ≥ κ there exists a nontrivial κ-complete prime ideal over λ.
Immunohistochemical expression of p63, Ki67 and β-catenin in canine transitional cell carcinoma and polypoid cystitis of the urinary bladder.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a urinary bladder tumour associated with high mortality in dogs. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using p63, Ki67 or β-catenin as a clinical marker for predicting biological behaviour and prognosis in canine TCC. Expression levels of these proteins in TCC (n = 25), polypoid cystitis (n = 5) and normal urinary bladder (n = 5) were scored after immunohistochemical staining. The staining scores for p63 (P < 0.01) and β-catenin (P < 0.05) in TCC were significantly lower than those in normal urinary bladder and polypoid cystitis. In contrast, Ki67 (P < 0.01) staining scores in TCC were significantly higher than those in normal urinary bladder and polypoid cystitis. In TCC, low p63 expression was significantly related to the presence of vessel invasion (P < 0.05) and metastasis (P < 0.01) as well as short survival time (P < 0.05). These findings show that p63 could be a reliable marker for predicting prognosis in canine TCC.
Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Bacterial Polyester Hydrolases

Polyurethanes (PU) are widely used synthetic polymers. The growing amount of PU used industrially has resulted in a worldwide increase of plastic wastes. The related environmental pollution as well as the limited availability of the raw materials based on petrochemicals requires novel solutions for their efficient degradation and recycling. The degradation of the polyester PU Impranil DLN by the polyester hydrolases LC cutinase (LCC), TfCut2, Tcur1278 and Tcur0390 was analyzed using a turbidimetric assay. The highest hydrolysis rates were obtained with TfCut2 and Tcur0390. TfCut2 also showed a significantly higher substrate affinity for Impranil DLN than the other three enzymes, indicated by a higher adsorption constant K. Significant weight losses of the solid thermoplastic polyester PU (TPU) Elastollan B85A-10 and C85A-10 were detected as a result of the enzymatic degradation by all four polyester hydrolases. Within a reaction time of 200 h at 70 °C, LCC caused weight losses of up to 4.9% and 4.1% of Elastollan B85A-10 and C85A-10, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed a preferential degradation of the larger polymer chains. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cracks at the surface of the TPU cubes as a result of enzymatic surface erosion. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the observed weight losses were a result of the cleavage of ester bonds of the polyester TPU.
Cost-effectiveness of screening strategies for identifying pediatric diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of screening strategies for identifying children with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia (prediabetes/diabetes). DESIGN Cost simulation study. SETTING A one-time US screening program. STUDY PARTICIPANTS A total of 2.5 million children aged 10 to 17 years. INTERVENTION Screening strategies for identifying diabetes and dysglycemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effectiveness (proportion of cases identified), total costs (direct and indirect), and efficiency (cost per case identified) of each screening strategy based on test performance data from a pediatric cohort and cost data from Medicare and the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. RESULTS In the base-case model, 500 and 400 000 US adolescents had diabetes and dysglycemia, respectively. For diabetes, the cost per case was extremely high ($312 000-$831 000 per case identified) because of the low prevalence of disease. For dysglycemia, the cost per case was in a more reasonable range. For dysglycemia, preferred strategies were the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (100% effectiveness; $390 per case), 1-hour glucose challenge test (63% effectiveness; $571), random glucose test (55% effectiveness; $498), or a hemoglobin A1c threshold of 5.5% (45% effectiveness; $763). Hemoglobin A1c thresholds of 5.7% and 6.5% were the least effective and least efficient (ranges, 7%-32% and $938-$3370) of all strategies evaluated. Sensitivity analyses for diabetes revealed that disease prevalence was a major driver of cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses for dysglycemia did not lead to appreciable changes in overall rankings among tests. CONCLUSIONS For diabetes, the cost per case is extremely high because of the low prevalence of the disease in the pediatric population. Screening for diabetes could become more cost-effective if dysglycemia is explicitly considered as a screening outcome.
Design and Analysis of a Double-Sided Tubular Linear Synchronous Generator with Particular Application to Wave-Energy Conversion

The benefits of wave-energy are undisputed, however the most suitable method of energy extraction is. A double-sided tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous generator is presented as a possible solution in direct-drive applications. The proposed topology would resemble a double-sided flat LSM that has been curved to be tubular. Both the stator and translator designs are discussed. A mathematical model of the device is developed to aid in design and analysis. To confirm the accuracy of the model, a demonstrative design is presented and simulated using finite element analysis. The simulation results suggest a suitable level of accuracy in the mathematical model for design and analysis purposes, with the simulated force showing a 1.85% deviation from the calculations. The optimisation of any particular design can also yield significant gains. The demonstrative design itself requires 62.5% of the magnetic material of a similarly rated flat layout, and has a footprint of 63.5% of the flat layout's footprint, indicating a significant increase in power-density. The final stage in the confirmation of the mathematical model is the construction of a smaller, 5 kN test machine. The challenges peculiar to this layout's construction are presented, and the options available to designers discussed. This includes a discussion on the use of lamination material and soft magnetic composites for optimal AC performance.
Frost revisited: the modern epidemiology of tuberculosis.

At the outset, I would like to express my pleasure and gratitude at the very great honor bestowed upon me by the Epidemiology Section of the American Public Health Association. And then, I wish to enter a quick disclaimer, for, to use a hackneyed phrase, no man is an island. During virtually all of my professional life, I have been blessed by challenging assignments, by reliable, capable assistants, and by colleagues and supervisors who were both tolerant and stimulating. One of the few unfortunate aspects of this occasion is the absence from this podium of the large team of diverse individuals to whom I am indebted. Not the least of my good fortunes was the opportunity to work,for and with Dr. Carroll E. Palmer, who was a student and colleague of both Reed and Frost. One of Carroll's stories about Frost that has come to mind more than once during recent
Fibrin Clot Formation and Lysis: Basic Mechanisms

The hemostatic balance, introduced more than 40 years ago, addresses the components and reactions involved in fibrin turnover. Fibrin is placed in the core of this delicate balance. Defects in the mechanisms responsible for fibrin turnover might lead to thrombosis or bleeding, and fibrin consequently is an important substrate in the physiology of hemostasis. This review describes the components and processes involved in fibrin formation and fibrin degradation. Particular emphasis is put on the reactions involved in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, the polymerization of fibrin molecules induced by coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), and the degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin mediated by plasmin and elastase. Furthermore, factors influencing fibrin structure and fibrin breakdown are addressed; in particular polymorphisms in the genes coding for fibrinogen and FXIII, but also the physical and biochemical conditions in which fibrin is formed. The past decades have produced a bulk of biochemical publications reviewing fibrin turnover and fibrin structure, and it has been shown that alterations in fibrin structure are important for the development of various disease conditions, whereas, the architecture of fibrin can be modified by certain drugs and chemical compounds. However, these topics deserve increased attention in clinical settings. Of particular importance might be more detailed clinical studies that review the influence of polymorphisms in the genes coding for the key factors involved in fibrin metabolism on the development of hemostatic diseases, but also the role of elastase-induced fibrin degradation deserves increased attention.
Physical growth assessment in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE To describe ponderosity indices body mass index--"BMI" and ponderal index "PI" and skin fold thicknesses (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac) for affluent Indian school going adolescents. DESIGN Cross sectional. METHODS Measurements were recorded in healthy affluent school going adolescents in public schools of 12 cities in India (boys=11,863 and girls 7,694). Means and percentiles of ponderosity indices and skinfold thicknesses at yearly intervals were derived for each sex and related to sexual maturity. RESULTS BMI, PI and skin fold thickness (SFT) were higher in girls. There was lower variability of these parameters with sexual maturity rating (breast/genital development stages) as compared to age, suggesting use of these indices in relation to sexual maturity for assessment of adolescent growth. CONCLUSION Pediatricians and endocrinologists can use these indices for assessment of thinness and obesity, in adolescent Indian children, in relation to sexual maturity for the age.
Hauteur des compartiments et ventilation lors d'un transport de moins de 8 heures

En periode estivale, la hauteur des volets lateraux completement ouverts permet un fort renouvellement de l'air au transport et limite la degradation des parametres d'ambiance a l'arret. Le bâchage partiel ou la fermeture des volets du cote gauche permettent de reduire par trois le debit d'air et de limiter les vitesses d'air au niveau des porcs. La hauteur des compartiments n'est pas le seul critere a prendre en compte pour un renouvellement et une qualite de l'air qui agissent sur le bien-etre des porcs. La hauteur des volets lateraux et la surface totale d'ouverture bi-ldlerale de chaque compartiment sont determinantes et des elements majeurs a prendre en consideration. La bonne aeration des porcs par ouverture totale des volets peut etre completee par un arrosage des porcs dans le camion. Une ventilation forcee complementaire presente alors peu d'interet.
Receptive field integration and submodality convergence in the hand area of the post‐central gyrus of the alert monkey.

1. An exploration of the occurrence of different functional cell types was made in the three cytoarchitectural subdivisions (areas 3, 1 and 2) of the hand area of the post‐central gyrus of the monkey. The functional properties of 632 cells were studied using the transdural micro‐electrode recording method. 2. Over half of the neurones studied (57%) belonged to the class of simple skin neurones that were related either to rapidly adapting (272 neurones) or slowly adapting (seventeen neurones) cutaneous receptors or to both (seventy‐one neurones). The simple skin neurones were particularly common in the anterior part of S I where they constituted 60% of the cells. More complicated cutaneous neurones made up 10% of the total sample. They were more common in the posterior part of the gyrus. 3. Altogether ninety‐two neurones (15%) were related to subcutaneous or deeper receptors. Another seventy‐one neurones (11%) exhibited convergence of skin input and input from deep receptors. A smaller group of forty‐seven undamaged neurones (7%) were unrelated to stimuli of the types described above. 4. In tangential electrode penetrations made along the anterior and posterior banks of the gyrus, functional columns were found to be 500 micrometers wide on the average; this width is comparable with that of ocular dominance columns and visual orientation hypercolumns. 5. Correlation of the functional types of cells with cytoarchitecture showed that the complexity of the functional properties of the neurones increased posteriorly. The receptive field size also increased toward posterior. The changes that take place in the functional properties of cells when moving across different cytoarchitectural areas suggests intracortical information processing which leads to handling of larger body regions and more complex combinations of information in the cellular elements of the posterior part of the post‐central gyrus.
Size at birth and some sociodemographic factors in gypsies in Hungary

Summary In 10,108 babies born to gypsy parents, birth weight, birth length and gestational age are compared with a national reference sample, taking into account maternal education, age, and birth interval. The gypsy babies tend consistently to be smaller, and this difference is attributable to the circumstances in which the gypsies live as well as the poorer maternal education. There appears to be a vicious circle—poor hygiene and living conditions adversely affect birth size, which in turn puts the child at a disadvantage in terms of survival, health and development.