Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Neuroanatomy of Semantic Memory: Recognition of Semantic Associations

In an effort to examine the functional neuroanatomy of semantic memory, we studied the relative cerebral blood flow of eight healthy young subjects using 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET). Relative to a visual baseline control condition, each of four visual matching-to-sample tasks activated components of the ventral visual processing stream, including the inferior occipital and temporal cortices. Contrasting the task with the highest semantic component, a variation on the Pyramids and Palm Trees paradigm, with a size discrimination task resulted in focal activation in the anterior inferior temporal lobe, focused in the parahippocampal gyrus. There was additional activation in BA47 of the inferior frontal cortex. These data replicate and extend previously reported results using similar paradigms, and are consistent with cognitive neuropsychological models that stress the executive role of BA47 in semantic processing tasks.
Investigation of blood oxidant/antioxidant markers in healthy competition horses of different breeds.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is increasing evidence that the equine athlete is exposed to exercise-induced changes of its oxidant/antioxidant balance and antioxidant supplementation is frequently recommended. However, it is unknown whether there is a specific need for antioxidants according to performance, breed, gender or age. OBJECTIVES To assess whether breed-, gender- and age-related differences of blood oxidant/antioxidant markers occur in competition horses. METHODS Healthy horses (n = 493) underwent oxidant/ antioxidant blood marker determination. Vitamin E, lipophilic antioxidant capacity (ACL), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH, GSSG), gluthione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lipid peroxides (Pool), oxidised proteins (Protox) were determined, as well as magnesium (Mg), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb). A mixed linear model assessed the effect of breed, gender and age category. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Thoroughbreds showed the highest values of vitamin E, ACL, GPx, PCV and Hb, whilst standardbreds had the highest values of AA and LDH. Jumping horses had the highest Protox values. Females had significantly higher SOD values, whereas most of the other markers were higher in stallions and geldings. Horses age 2-6 years had higher AA, SOD and LDH values than horses age >6 years. Correlation analyses were positive and significant between vitamin E and GPx, VitE and ACL, Se and GPx, Cu and Pool and negative between Pool and vitamin E, Pool and ACL, Protox and GPx, Protox and vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS Blood oxidant/ antioxidant status of horses is influenced by breed, gender and age. The correlation analyses suggest synergistic relations between GPx, vitamin E and Se and an antagonistic relation between Protox-GPx, Protox-vitamin E, and Pool-vitamin E. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The results of this investigation provide definition of the specific need for antioxidants and vitamins in competition horses.
Developing waist-to-height ratio cut-offs to define overweight and obesity in children and adolescents

Abstract Objective The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) assesses abdominal adiposity and has been proposed to be of greater value in predicting obesity-related cardiovascular health risks in children than BMI. The present study aims to develop WHtR cut-offs for overweight and obesity based on the 85th and 95th percentiles for the percentage body fat (%BF) in a cohort of children and adolescents. Design Waist circumference (WC), height, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were used to calculate WHtR and %BF. Correlations between WHtR and %BF and WHtR/mid-abdominal skinfold were made. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to select WHtR cut-offs to define overweight and obesity. Subjects were grouped by WHtR cut-offs, and mean values for anthropometry, blood lipids and blood pressure (BP) variables were compared. Setting Australian primary and secondary schools. Subjects A total of 2773 male (M) and female (F) subjects of the 1985 Australian Health and Fitness Survey, aged 8–16 years. Results Correlation coefficients between WHtR and %BF were M: r = 0·73, F: r = 0·60, P < 0·01 and WHtR/mid-abdominal skinfold were M: r = 0·78, F: r = 0·65, P < 0·01. WHtR of 0·46(M) and 0·45(F) best identified subjects with ≥85th percentile for %BF and 0·48(M) and 0·47(F) identified subjects with ≥95th percentile for %BF. When comparing the highest WHtR group to the lowest, both sexes had significantly higher means for weight, WC, %BF, TG (male subjects only), systolic BP (female subjects only) and lower means for HDL cholesterol (P < 0·05). Conclusions WHtR is useful in clinical and population health as it identifies children with higher %BF at greater risk of developing weight-related CVD at an earlier age.
Portal Vein Thrombosis following Splenectomy: Identification of Risk Factors

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) following splenectomy is a potentially life-threatening complication, and the true incidence of PVT in splenectomized patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of symptomatic PVT after splenectomy. The hospital database was searched to identify cases of PVT associated with splenectomy from January 1990 to May 2002. Six hundred eighty-eight patients underwent splenectomy during this period, 321 of them for hematologic diseases. Eleven of the 688 patients had PVT associated with splenectomy, and the charts of these patients were reviewed. Six patients developed PVT after splenectomy. Five had hematologic diseases. Symptoms were abdominal pain (6), ileus (5), fever (3), or diarrhea (2). Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) (4), duplex ultrasonography (1), and magnetic resonance imaging (1). The indications for splenectomy included hemolytic anemia (3), thalassemia (1), and myelofibrosis (1). One patient had an incidental splenectomy during gastrectomy. There were four laparoscopic and two open splenectomies. The median interval between splenectomy and diagnosis of PVT was 40 days (range, 13–741). One patient died of pulmonary embolism. Five of six patients with postsplenectomy PVT had splenomegaly and hemolysis. We conclude that the risk of PVT is higher in patients with hematologic conditions associated with splenomegaly and hemolysis.
The role of consumers in food innovation processes

Purpose The need for consumer involvement in innovation processes has been recognised for four decades. Consumer involvement as a part of open innovation is an important strategy in the food sector, specifically for enhancing consumer acceptance and promoting successful market introduction. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyse the concept of consumers’ role and the level of consumer integration and interaction in recent food innovation processes. Design/methodology/approach In 2016, a three-step literature search was performed to identify the state-of-the-art scientific literature on consumer-involvement approaches and methods in the food sector. These methods and approaches were qualitatively analysed based on categories in accordance with the qualitative content analysis method. Findings A key finding is that most implemented consumer-involvement approaches and methods fall under von Hippel’s manufacturer-active paradigm rather than the customer-active paradigm (CAP). However, there are practical reasons for the low diffusion of CAP. The presumed reasons include needed change of the perception of roles and of organisational structures, as well as a lack of trust among actors. Practical implications There remains a need to promote an active role for consumers, especially amid changing consumer demand and increasingly conscious consumer behaviour concerning food production and processing conditions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the theoretical and practical discussion about innovation management by reflecting on the innovation paradigm underlying an approach or method. The paper may also have practical implications for the choice and implementation of business models that consider consumers’ role.
Histological Studies of Growing and Mature Antlers of Red Deer Stags (Cervus elaphus)

This study aims at presenting histology of growing and mature antlers in red deer stag (Cervus elaphus). Growing antlers constitute a model organ for examining regeneration processes of tissues because they are the only mammalian appendages capable of regeneration. Histological study revealed that the tip of a growing antler consists of hairy skin, perichondrium, mesenchyme and chondroprogenitors area. By performing immunochistochemistry, we found that cell expressing Ki‐67 and PCNA antigens were localized in basal layer of epidermis, skin glands and beneath their secretory sections, mesenchyme as well as within and in the vicinity of central blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, cells from chondroprogenitors zone have chondroblast‐like morphology and take part in producing of collagen fibres followed by the process of cartilage mineralization. However, mature antlers also consist of lamellar osseous tissue.
Emergence of Escherichia coli, Co-Producing NDM-1 and OXA-48 Carbapenemases, in Urinary Isolates, at a Tertiary Care Centre at Central India.

OBJECTIVE To detect genes encoding carbapenem resistance in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from hospitalized patients in tertiary care centre in Pune, India. METHODS From Jan 2012 to Dec 2012, a total of 300 consecutive non-duplicate (one isolate per patient) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were recovered from urine cultures of hospitalized patients including hospital acquired infection cases admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing was used to determine the presence of beta-lactamase encoding genes. Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of beta-lactamase. RESULTS All the isolates were completely resistant to the second and third generation cephalosporins tested as well as carbapenems. All the isolates showed 100% susceptibility to tigecycline and colistin in vitro. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that blaNDM-1 was transferable via plasmid. All the isolates showed presence of blaNDM-1 and co-association of blaOXA-48 was 25/45(55%) of the isolates. Repetitive element based PCR (REP PCR), Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC PCR) and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed a diversity of six clonal types among E.coli isolates. CONCLUSION Co-production of NDM-1with OXA-48 in urinary isolates of E. coli was detected for the first time in India. Transmission of plasmid carrying these resistant genes to other members of Enterobacteriaceae will increase incidence of multidrug resistance. Early detection of these genes will help in prevention and adequate infection control by limiting the spread of these organisms.
Dual regulation by the Hunchback gradient in the Drosophila embryo

The regulation of segmentation gene expression is investigated by computational modeling using quantitative expression data. Previous tissue culture assays and transgene analyses raised the possibility that Hunchback (Hb) might function as both an activator and repressor of transcription. At low concentrations, Hb activates gene expression, whereas at high concentrations it mediates repression. Under the same experimental conditions, transcription factors encoded by other gap genes appear to function as dedicated repressors. Models based on dual regulation suggest that the Hb gradient can be sufficient for establishing the initial Kruppel (Kr) expression pattern in central regions of the precellular embryo. The subsequent refinement of the Kr pattern depends on the combination of Hb and the Giant (Gt) repressor. The dual-regulation models developed for Kr also explain some of the properties of the even-skipped (eve) stripe 3+7 enhancer. Computational simulations suggest that repression results from the dimerization of Hb monomers on the DNA template.
The contribution of symptom incongruence to prehospital delay for acute myocardial infarction symptoms among Jordanian patients.

Qualitative investigators have suggested that symptom incongruence, or a mismatch between symptoms that patients expect and those they experience in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), increases the time to hospitalization by affecting emotional, cognitive, and behavioral factors. No quantitative studies have been conducted that verify these relationships. We aimed to (a) examine the relationships among symptom incongruence, prehospital delay, anxiety level at onset of symptoms, perceived seriousness and importance of symptoms, source to which symptoms were attributed, and patients' first response at symptom onset and (b) test the independent association of symptom incongruence to prehospital delay. Jordanian patients with AMI (n = 299) were interviewed using validated questionnaires, and medical records were reviewed to collect information on patients' prehospital delay time, symptom incongruence, and response to AMI symptoms. Patients had low mean (7.5 ± 3.6) symptom incongruence scores (range 0-21 out of 24) and relatively short median prehospital delay (1.3 hours). Symptom incongruence was positively correlated with and independently predicted prehospital delay. Greater anxiety and greater perceived seriousness and importance of symptoms were associated with less incongruence and shorter prehospital delay. Patients who attributed their symptoms to a cardiac etiology had significantly shorter prehospital delay and less symptom incongruence than their counterparts. Patients who contacted the emergency medical service directly after symptom onset had shorter prehospital delay than their counterparts who did not, but did not differ on the level of symptom incongruence. Symptom incongruence may increase prehospital delay by complicating patients' efforts to label and respond to AMI symptoms.
Purification and some properties of an extracellular maltase from Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis P-11, capable of producing extracellular maltase, was isolated from soil. Maximum enzyme production was obtained on a medium containing 2.0% methyl-alpha-D-glucose, 0.5% phytone, and 0.2% yeast extract. After the removal of cells, extracellular maltase was precipitated by ammonium sulfate (85% saturation). The enzyme was purified by using the following procedures: Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange column chromatography, and a second Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. A highly purified maltase without amylase or proteinase activities was obtained. Some properties of the extracellular maltase were determined: optimum pH, 6.0; optimum temperature, 45 C, when the incubation time was 30 min; pH stability, within 5.5 to 6.5; heat stability, stable up to 45 C; isoelectric point, pH 6.0 (by gel-isoelectric focusing); molecular weight, 33,000 (by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200); substrate specificity: the relative rates of hydrolysis of maltose, maltotriose, isomaltose, and maltotetraose were 100:15:14:4, respectively, and there was no activity toward alkyl or aryl-alpha-D-glucosides, amylose, or other higher polymers. Transglucosylase activity was present. Glucose and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane were competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 4.54 and 75.08 mM, respectively; cysteine was a noncompetitive inhibitor. Michaelis constants were 5 mM for maltose, 1 mM for maltoriose, and 10 mM for isomaltose. A plot of pKm (-log Km) versus pH revealed two deflection points, one each at 5.5 and 6.5; these probably corresponded to an imidazole group of a histidine residue in or near the active center; this assumption was supported by the strong inhibition of enzyme activity by rose bengal.
Smartphone apps to support hospital prescribing and pharmacology education: a review of current provision

Junior doctors write the majority of hospital prescriptions but many indicate they feel underprepared to assume this responsibility and around 10% of prescriptions contain errors. Medical smartphone apps are now widely used in clinical practice and present an opportunity to provide support to inexperienced prescribers. This study assesses the contemporary range of smartphone apps with prescribing or related content. Six smartphone app stores were searched for apps aimed at the healthcare professional with drug, pharmacology or prescribing content. Three hundred and six apps were identified. 34% appeared to be for use within the clinical environment in order to aid prescribing, 14% out with the clinical setting and 51% of apps were deemed appropriate for both clinical and non‐clinical use. Apps with drug reference material, such as textbooks, manuals or medical apps with drug information were the commonest apps found (51%), followed by apps offering drug or infusion rate dose calculation (26%). 68% of apps charged for download, with a mean price of £14.25 per app and a range of £0.62–101.90. A diverse range of pharmacology‐themed apps are available and there is further potential for the development of contemporary apps to improve prescribing performance. Personalized app stores may help universities/healthcare organizations offer high quality apps to students to aid in pharmacology education. Users of prescribing apps must be aware of the lack of information regarding the medical expertise of app developers. This will enable them to make informed choices about the use of such apps in their clinical practice.
The delivery of chlorofluorocarbon-propelled versus hydrofluoroalkane-propelled beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol to the mechanically ventilated patient: a laboratory study.

UNLABELLED We describe a laboratory investigation comparing the delivery of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)- and hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-formulated beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) by metered-dose inhaler and holding chamber (AeroChamber HC MV) in a simulation of a mechanically ventilated adult patient. METHODS We equipped each HC MV (n = 5) with an 8.0 mm diameter endotracheal tube (ETT), locating the HC MV in the inspiratory limb of a breathing circuit linked to a mechanical ventilator set to simulate tidal breathing at tidal volume = 830 mL, respiratory rate = 15 breaths/min, inspiratory-expiratory ratio of 1:2.1, peak inspiratory pressure = 20 cm H(2)O. Temperature and humidity settings were 35+/-1 degrees C and 100% relative humidity (close to body conditions). We compared delivery of 5-actuations of CFC- and HFA-BDP (both 50 microg/actuation), measuring total emitted mass captured by a filter at the distal end of the ETT. In a separate study, we inserted the distal end of the ETT within the entry cone of a cascade impactor so that the aerosol particle size distribution could be determined with the circuit at similar environmental conditions as described previously. We made benchmark measurements with circuit temperature and humidity at room ambient conditions (21+/-1 degrees C and 54+/-5% RH respectively). RESULTS Total emitted mass (5 measurements/device) was significantly greater for HFA-BDP (14.1+/-1.1 microg/actuation) compared with CFC-BDP (2.4+/-0.8 microg/actuation) (paired t test, p < 0.001). More HFA-BDP (2.7 +/- 0.2 microg/actuation) was lost from the delivery system during exhalation (0.9 +/- 0.4 microg/actuation for CFC-BDP) (p < 0.001). The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) increased from 1.2 microm (room ambient) to 2.8 microm (higher temperature and humidity conditions) for HFA-BDP. In contrast, MMAD for CFC-BDP remained close to 4.6 microm under either condition, but particles finer than about 4.0 microm increased in size when the circuit was saturated. CONCLUSIONS Total emitted mass for HFA-BDP was increased by a factor of 5.8 compared with CFC-BDP, due largely to the finer particle size distribution of the HFA-based solution formulation. Additional water vapor required to operate the breathing circuit at close to body conditions resulted in fine particle growth with both formulations.
Financing entrepreneurship by risk capital - evidence revisited

This paper summarises the large body of literature dedicated to risk capital within entrepreneurship. This work attempts to advance this field of research and identifies crucial research prospects by examining and evaluating the current body of literature by means of a literature review using a qualitative and quantitative approach. Multi-level comparisons of previous discussions and studies on the perspectives of different market participants reveal gaps that warrant further critical debate. Having synthesised the existing body of literature, the paper concludes by proposing three essential directions for the future while calling for stronger (theoretical) ties between the finance and entrepreneurship literature.
The Influence of Team Composition on Attacking and Defending in Football

This article examines the effects of team composition on the performance of European football (soccer) teams. The scorelines of 1,822 matches involving 98 first-tier teams were analyzed in terms of the overall ability of the teams and the spread of player abilities (heterogeneity) within them. As expected, total team ability has a beneficial effect on performance; the number of goals a team scores is positively related to its own ability and negatively related to the ability of its opponents. Team heterogeneity on the other hand has both beneficial and detrimental effects on performance. Heterogeneous teams score more goals than homogeneous teams, but they also concede more goals. As the effect of heterogeneity on goals conceded is greater than its effect on goals scored, the net effect of heterogeneity is to depress overall performance. The results are discussed in terms of Steiner’s framework of group dynamics.
Personal Safety and Teacher/Student Relationships Viewed through Black/White Framework in a Suburban Middle School, an Exploratory Study.

This study explored the perceptions of teacher-student relationships and personal student safety differences between Caucasian and African-American middle school students. The research was conducted using a survey in a suburban middle class school on Long Island, New York. Twenty-eight of 176 Caucasian students were chosen through random sampling to contrast with the 15 AfricanAmerican students who participated in this study. An independent sample T-test was used. It showed a significant difference between African-American and Caucasian students in teacher-student relationships (p=.05) and approaching significance on personal safety significance (p<.10). Caucasian students in the sample tended to feel safer in their school, and the Caucasian students showed better student-teacher relationships than the African-American students.