Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model-Independent Cosmological Tests

Several non-fiducial cosmological tests are discussed allowing various models to be conclusively differentiated from one another. The four models tested include ΛCDM, the Friedmann-Lemaˆ itre metric and a recently proposed steady state with and without local expansion. The cosmological tests range from redshift versus distance modulus to the angular size and time dependence of distant objects. Recent observations allow strict constraints on both the size and evolution of faint blue galaxies up to 23B. The solution to the faint blue galaxy problem is further discussed relative to size versus absolute magnitude, number densities and observations of minimal evolution. Models with expanding metrics are ruled out due to incorrect predictions of angular diameter distance and time-dependence. Observations instead depict a steady state universe with asymptotically flat gravitational potential and embedded bulk flows.
BREATHING EXERCISE AND CORRECTION OF POSTURAL STEREOTYPE

Purpose of this paper was to evaluate effectiveness of breathing exercise in sitting position in wheelchair on postural stereotype and assessment of further objective indicators. Sample consisted of 15 respondents with spinal cord injury (SCI), 8 men and 7 women. Intervention program has lasted six months, five times a week, in the range of 20 - 30 minutes. The study has included: 1) Chest X-Ray in a sitting position during inhalation and exhalation; 2) chest excursion; 3) determination of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume during first second (FEV1); 4) wheelchair treadmill test to identify oxygen uptake (VO2) and maximum minute ventilation (Vmax). Pretest X-ray showed that the difference in the movement of the lower ribs during inhalation and exhalation was 2-35 mm. Measurement of chest circumference showed a limitation of chest expansion related to normal values corrected with age and sex. Tetraplegics FVC decreased by 30-50 % compared with the values of healthy population and paraplegics FVC reduced by about 80 %. Wheelchair treadmill test showed that VO2 for all persons with SCI were above average (0.89) comparing with the values of the population without disabilities. V max for all persons with spinal cord injury were also above average (38.22). After six months, X-ray examination showed that the difference in the movement of the lower ribs during inhalation and exhalation has increased by 49 % (6 to 45 mm). Circumference of chest during inspiration increased by 3.5 % and during exhalation decreased by 1.27 %. FEV1 increased by 5.68 % and FVC increased by 7.61%. VO2 decreased, average value was 0.67. Vmax remained unchanged. In this study, by using X-ray and other tests, we have noted the objective influence of breathing exercises on the main respiratory muscles in persons with SCI which affects posture.
Galaxy cluster luminosities and colours, and their dependence on cluster mass and merger state

We study a sample of 19 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.15 < z < 0.30 with highly complete spectroscopic membership catalogues (to K < K*(z) + 1.5) from the Arizona Cluster Redshift Survey, individual weak-lensing masses and near-infrared data from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey, and optical photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We fit the scaling relations between total cluster luminosity in each of six bandpasses (grizJK) and cluster mass, finding cluster luminosity to be a promising mass proxy with low intrinsic scatter σln L|M of only ∼10–20 per cent for all relations. At fixed overdensity radius, the intercept increases with wavelength, consistent with an old stellar population. The scatter and slope are consistent across all wavelengths, suggesting that cluster colour is not a function of mass. Comparing colour with indicators of the level of disturbance in the cluster, we find a narrower variety in the cluster colours of ‘disturbed’ clusters than of ‘undisturbed’ clusters. This trend is more pronounced with indicators sensitive to the initial stages of a cluster merger, e.g. the Dressler Schectman statistic. We interpret this as possible evidence that the total cluster star formation rate is ‘standardized’ in mergers, perhaps through a process such as a system-wide shock in the intracluster medium.
Acoustic Emission Characterization of Matrix Damage Initiation in Woven CFRP Composites

In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed using acoustic emission (AE) technique to study the behaviour of crack initiation and propagation of woven carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites under static tensile loading. Three laminates with three plies each were manufactured and tested under tensile static loading. Damage was being monitored using AE technique with instantaneous AE hits energies being used as the damage parameter. Results showed that angle ply laminates experienced crack initiations at about 50% of ultimate tensile strength whereas cross ply laminates and non-conventional angle ply laminates having one cross ply laminate experienced initiation of cracks at about a third of ultimate tensile strength. This early cracks initiation is believed to be caused by the presence of 90° plies that cannot take much load transversely.
The Influence of Different Surface Treatments on the Mechanical Strength of Silicon Wafers

The implementation of photovoltaic solar energy based on silicon is being slowed down by the shortage of raw material. In this context, the use of thinner wafers arises as a solution reducing the amount of silicon in the photovoltaic modules. On the other hand, the manufacturing process with thinner wafers can become complicated with traditional tools. The high number of damaged wafers reduces the global yield. It’s known that edge and surface cracks and defects determine the mechanical strength of wafers. There are several ways of removing these defects e. g. subjecting wafers to a mechanical polishing or to a chemical etching. This paper shows a comparison between different surface treatments and their influence on the mechanical strength.
Geographic variation in the trophic ecology of an avian rocky shore predator, the African black oystercatcher, along the southern African coastline

The reflection of baseline isotopic signals along marine food chains up to higher trophic levels has been widely used in the study of oceanic top predators but rarely for intertidal predators. We investigated variation in the δ 13 C and δ 15 N ratios of a sedentary, rocky shore predator, the African black oystercatcher Haematopus moquini, over ~2000 km of the southern African coastline, which is characterized by strong biogeographic patterns in primary productivity and intertidal communities. Blood and feathers from breeding adults and chicks and muscle tissues from primary prey items (mus- sels and limpets) were sampled between southern Namibia and the southeast coast of South Africa. 15 N enrichment was observed between the southeast and west coasts in oystercatcher tissues and their prey, mirroring an isotope shift between the oligotrophic Agulhas Current on the east coast and the eutrophic Benguela upwelling system on the west coast. Oystercatcher blood showed δ 13 C values that varied between those of the carbon-depleted mussels and the carbon-enriched limpets along the coast- line, which reflected changes in the proportion of grazers and filter feeders in the oystercatcher diet across the sampling range. The geographic shift in diet, dominated by mussels on the west coast and composed of mixed proportions of mussels and limpets on the southeast coasts, strongly reflected regionally high abundances of the invasive Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Finally, isotope signatures of blood and feathers displayed a strong correlation throughout the study area, indi- cating seasonal stability in environmental conditions and feeding habits of the adults. There were, however, local discrepancies on the south coast that indicated movement of adults occurred outside the breeding season possibly in response to a lower abundance of food in this region. Overall, the results indicate that the influence of regional oceanic conditions on the base of the food web can penetrate to the predator level, but that local effects can be incorporated within this pattern.
BASIC PROPERTIES OF URBAN TIME-SPACE PATHS: EMPIRICAL TESTS

Temporal and spatial characteristics of urban travel behavior as a time-space path are explored. An abstract model that integrates Hagerstrand's prism, the concept of trip linkage, and the intervening-opportunities concept of trip distribution is developed as a tool for this exploration. Empirical examination of hypotheses derived from the abstract model indicates that the probability of permanently returning home is a function of the time when, and the location where, the trip maker's last sojourn (or stop at an activity site) is completed; that the average duration of a sojourn is negatively correlated with the number of sojourns in the path; and that the spatial distribution of sojourn locations depends on the number of sojourns. (Author)
Validation of precipitable water from ECMWF model analyses with GPS and radiosonde data during the MAP SOP

Precipitable water vapour contents (PWCs) from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses have been compared with observations from 21 ground‐based Global Positioning System receiving stations (GPS) and 14 radiosonde stations (RS), covering central Europe, for the period of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme experiment special observing period (MAP SOP). Two model analyses are considered: one using only conventional data, serving as a control assimilation experiment, and one including additionally most of the non‐operational MAP data. Overall, a dry bias of about −1 kg m−2 (−5.5% of total PWC), with a standard deviation of ∼2.6 kg m−2 (13% of total PWC), is diagnosed in both model analyses with respect to GPS. The bias at individual sites is quite variable: from −4 to ∼0 kg m−2. The largest differences are observed at stations located in mountainous areas and/or near the sea, which reveal differences in representativeness. Differences between the two model analyses, and between these analyses and GPS, are investigated in terms of usage and quality of RS data. Biases in RS data are found from comparisons with both model and GPS PWCs. They are confirmed from analysis feedback statistics available at ECMWF. An overall dry bias in RS PWC of 4.5% is found, compared to GPS. The detection of RS biases from comparisons both with the model and GPS indicates that data screening during assimilation was generally effective. However, some RS bias went into the model analyses. Inspection of the time evolution of PWC from the model analyses and GPS occasionally showed differences of up to 5–10 kg m−2. These were associated with severe weather events, with variations in the amount of RS data being assimilated, and with time lags in the PWCs from the two model analyses. Such large differences contribute strongly to the overall observed standard deviations. Good confidence in GPS PWC estimates is gained through this work, even during periods of heavy rain. These results support the future assimilation of GPS data, both for operational weather prediction and for mesoscale simulation studies. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Acute and subacute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Faidherbia albida (DEL) A. chev (Mimosoidae) in rats

Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev (mimosoidae) is widely used in African traditional medicine (ATM) for management of fever, diarrhoea and human trypanosomiasis. Acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles of ethanolic stem bark extract of F. albida were evaluated in wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity was studied using the method of Lorke (1983). In the sub-acute toxicity study, four groups of six rats per group were used. The control group (1) received 10 ml normal saline/kg body weight while groups 2, 3 and 4 received oral daily doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg extract/kg body weight respectively for 21 days. The effects of the extract on clinical signs, feed and water intake, body weight changes, haematology, plasma biochemical parameters, relative organ weight (ROW) were evaluated. The oral LD50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/ kg body weight. The extract produced slight increase in body weight of rats given 125 mg extract/kg body weight. However, dose-dependent highly significant (P < 0.01) decrease in body weight was observed at 250 and 500 mg/ kg-treated rats in weeks 2 and 3 of the study. Feed and water intake was not affected by the treatment. ROW for all organs was not affected by the treatment except significant (P < 0.05) increase in the testes of rats treated with 250 and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. Although the treatment elicited highly significant (P < 0.01) changes in the levels of the hepatic and some of the haematological parameters, they were within the normal reference range for rats. This study revealed that while the stem bark of the plant may be considered relatively safe when used sub-acutely, further investigation is needed to ascertain its effect on the male reproductive system as well as its effect on chronic administration.
The proportional navigation dilemma-pure or true?

Two generic classes of proportional navigation (PN) laws are compared in detail. One class consists of pursuer-velocity-referenced systems, which include pure proportional navigation (PPN) and its variants; the second category consists of line-of-sight- (LOS-) referenced systems such as true proportional navigation (TPN), generalized true proportional navigation (GTPN), and generalized guidance laws. The existing closed-form solutions are discussed in detail, and the classical linear and quasilinear analytical solutions are summarized. A critical comparison is then made with regard to the definition, implementation, and analytical aspects of the guidance laws, including the method, the nature of solution, and an appraisal of the behavior of the pursuer motion resulting from the laws. It is established that, in spite of some restricted advantages in the solvability of the equations of motion, the LOS-referenced PN schemes suffer from serious limitations in terms of implementation and trajectory behavior. Among the major drawbacks are forward velocity variation requirement, relatively large control effort requirement, restrictions on initial engagement conditions to ensure intercept, lack of robustness, and possibility of unbounded acceleration. It is concluded that PPN is a better guidance law in a practical sense than TPN and its generalizations. >
Clinical analysis for the death of 127 patients with acute myocardial infarction and nursing strategies

How to give the corresponding nursing strategies for the risk factors of death is the focus of the current clinical nursing of AMI. Therefore, this study aims to determine causes of death in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and the nursing strategies. The clinical data of 127 AMI patients treated in our center from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2014, categorized into observed group and control group according to psychological counselling, were retrospectively analysed. Total of 68 patients were enrolled in observed group with 59 patients enrolled in control group. 48 (70.6%) of observed group had complicated infection and 43 (72.9%) of control group, respectively. The mortality of observed group was 17.65%, lower than 33.90% of control group (p=0.035). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age (≥ 70 y), less-awareness, complicated infection and accompanying conditions such as cardiogenic shock might be high-risk factors of AMI-induced death. In conclusion, AMI deaths are associated with diverse causes. Active and effective nursing approaches, such as psychological counselling, may help to decrease the risk of AMI deaths. The corresponding nursing strategies for these death-related factors included tailored patient education, psychological counselling, concentrated nursing care, reasonable nursing resource planning, continuous ECG monitoring and close observation.
Li abundances in F stars: planets, rotation, and Galactic evolution

Aims. We aim, on the one hand, to study the possible differences of Li abundances between planet hosts and stars without detected planets at effective temperatures hotter than the Sun, and on the other hand, to explore the Li dip and the evolution of Li at high metallicities. Methods. We present lithium abundances for 353 main sequence stars with and without planets in the Teff range 5900–7200 K. We observed 265 stars of our sample with HARPS spectrograph during different planets search programs. We observed the remaining targets with a variety of high-resolution spectrographs. The abundances are derived by a standard local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis using spectral synthesis with the code MOOG and a grid of Kurucz ATLAS9 atmospheres. Results. We find that hot jupiter host stars within the Teff range 5900–6300 K show lower Li abundances, by 0.14 dex, than stars without detected planets. This offset has a significance at the level 7σ, pointing to a stronger effect of planet formation on Li abundances when the planets are more massive and migrate close to the star. However, we also find that the average v sini of (a fraction of) stars with hot jupiters is higher on average than for single stars in the same Teff region, suggesting that rotational-induced mixing (and not the presence of planets) might be the cause for a greater depletion of Li. We confirm that the mass-metallicity dependence of the Li dip is extended towards [Fe/H] ∼ 0.4 dex (beginning at [Fe/H] ∼− 0.4 dex for our stars) and that probably reflects the mass-metallicity correlation of stars of the same Teff on the main sequence. We find that for the youngest stars (<1.5 Gyr) around the Li dip, the depletion of Li increases with v sini values, as proposed by rotationally-induced depletion models. This suggests that the Li dip consists of fast rotators at young ages whereas the most Li-depleted old stars show lower rotation rates (probably caused by the spin-down during their long lifes). We have also explored the Li evolution with [Fe/H] taking advantage of the metal-rich stars included in our sample. We find that Li abundance reaches its maximum around solar metallicity, but decreases in the most metal-rich stars, as predicted by some models of Li Galactic production.
The Influence of Training, Leadership and Competency to Employee Performance with Employee Morale as Moderation Variables (Study on Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar)

This study aims to test and explain empirically the influence of training, leadership, and competence on employee performance at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar. In addition, this study will also examine and explain the role of moderation of morale on the impact of training, leadership, and competence on employee performance. This research is an explanative research that explains the influence of variables studied by cross-sectional. Quantitative approach is used as the main method of analysis to explain the results of research with data collection methods using questionnaires. The population in this study is all civil servants working at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar, amounting to 140 people (not including Head of Service). While the sample research employed as many as 83 employees using the method of purposive sampling. All distributed questionnaires are feasible (valid and reliable) to be analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that the training followed by employees does not necessarily directly affect the performance of employees Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar. Another case of leadership and competence are able to predict positively the performance of employees. Information from other research results, morale is able to moderate positively on the effect of training on employee performance at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar. These results provide meaning that employee morale perceived by Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar in the implementation of the work was able to strengthen the implementation of training activities that will be able to improve the performance of the work. Nevertheless, the spirit of work is not able to moderate on the influence of leadership and competence on the performance of employees at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Denpasar. However, leadership and competence are positive predictors of employee performance.
From Funk to Hilbert Geometry

We survey some basic geometric properties of the Funk metric of a convex set in R n . In particular, we study its geodesics, its topology, its metric balls, its convexity properties, its perpendicularity theory and its isometries. The Hilbert metric is a symmetrization of the Funk metric, and we show some properties of the Hilbert metric that follow directly from the properties we prove for the Funk metric.
From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

Abstract. The observed variation in the calcification responses of coccolithophores to changes in carbonate chemistry paints a highly incoherent picture, particularly for the most commonly cultured "species", Emiliania huxleyi. The disparity between magnitude and potentially even sign of the calcification change under simulated end-of-century ocean surface chemical changes (higher pCO2, lower pH and carbonate saturation), raises challenges to quantifying future carbon cycle impacts and feedbacks because it introduces significant uncertainty in parameterizations used for global models. Here we compile the results of coccolithophore carbonate chemistry manipulation experiments and review how ocean carbon cycle models have attempted to bridge the gap from experiments to global impacts. Although we can rule out methodological differences in how carbonate chemistry is altered as introducing an experimental bias, the absence of a consistent calcification response implies that model parameterizations based on small and differing subsets of experimental observations will lead to varying estimates for the global carbon cycle impacts of ocean acidification. We highlight two pertinent observations that might help: (1) the degree of coccolith calcification varies substantially, both between species and within species across different genotypes, and (2) the calcification response across mesocosm and shipboard incubations has so-far been found to be relatively consistent. By analogy to descriptions of plankton growth rate vs. temperature, such as the "Eppley curve", which seek to encapsulate the net community response via progressive assemblage change rather than the response of any single species, we posit that progressive future ocean acidification may drive a transition in dominance from more to less heavily calcified coccolithophores. Assemblage shift may be more important to integrated community calcification response than species-specific response, highlighting the importance of whole community manipulation experiments to models in the absence of a complete physiological understanding of the underlying calcification process. However, on a century time-scale, regardless of the parameterization adopted, the atmospheric pCO2 impact of ocean acidification is minor compared to other global carbon cycle feedbacks.