Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Daily Experiences of Emotions and Social Contexts of Securely and Insecurely Attached Young Adults

This study examined daily emotions and social contexts of young adults who differed in global attachment style (secure vs. insecure). Sixty-nine college students (41% male, 59% female) completed self-report measures of attachment and provided time-sampling data on moods, companionship, and activities using the experience sampling method. Secure (n = 41)andinsecure (n = 28)young adults spenta similar proportion of time with familiar intimates and alone. Secure individuals reported significantly more positive affect, higher levels of energy, and more connection than insecure individuals when they were alone and higher levels of energy and connection in the context of familiar intimates. Secure participants were more likely to report extreme positive emotions, and insecure participants were more likely to report extreme negative emotions, especially when they were alone. Insecure individuals did not report either more labile or flatter emotions than did secure individuals. Results are consistent with the conceptualization of attachment style as an organizational construct for emotion.
Oleanane-type triterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Fatsia polycarpa.

Seven new oleanane-type triterpenoids (1-7), named fatsicarpains A-G, and the known compounds 3α-hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (8) and 3α-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-olide (9) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Fatsia polycarpa on the basis of bioassay-guided fractionation. The structures of compounds 1-7 were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray crystallography of 1, 8, and 9. Cytotoxicity against HepG2 2.2. 15 and AGS cells and antihepatitis B virus (HBV) and antibacterial activities of 1-9 were also evaluated in vitro.
Kupffer cell depletion by liposome‐delivered drugs: Comparative activity of intracellular clodronate, propamidine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Macrophages such as Kupffer cells in the liver are multifunctional cells. They are involved in host defense mechanisms and have a regulatory role in many biomedical processes. Their selective depletion, using liposome‐encapsulated drugs, forms a widely accepted approach to studying their functional aspects in vivo. We have compared the Kupffer cell‐depleting activities of liposome‐encapsulated clodronate, propamidine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for this purpose. These molecules represent the drug families of bisphosphonates, diamidines (or aromatic polyamidines), and polyaminopolycarboxylic acid‐chelating agents, respectively. The Kupffer cell‐depleting activity of the liposome‐encapsulated antimicrobial drug propamidine exceeded that of clodronate by about a factor of 10. EDTA appeared to be inefficacious for depletion of Kupffer cells in the rat.
Enhancement of the Repair of Dog Alveolar Cleft by an Autologous Iliac Bone, Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell, and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Mixture

Background: Autologous bone graft has been regarded as the criterion standard for the repair of alveolar cleft. However, the most prominent issue in alveolar cleft treatment is the high absorption rate of the bone graft. The authors’ objective was to investigate the effects of an autologous iliac bone, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell, and platelet-rich fibrin mixture on the repair of dog alveolar cleft. Methods: Twenty beagle dogs with unilateral alveolar clefts created by surgery were divided randomly into four groups: group A underwent repair with an autologous iliac bone, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell, and platelet-rich fibrin mixture; group B underwent repair with autologous iliac bone and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells; group C underwent repair with autologous iliac bone and platelet-rich fibrin; and group D underwent repair with autologous iliac bone as the control. One day and 6 months after transplantation, the transplant volumes and bone mineral density were assessed by quantitative computed tomography. All of the transplants were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin staining 6 months later. Results: Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin transplants formed the greatest amounts of new bone among the four groups. The new bone formed an extensive union with the underlying maxilla in groups A, B, and C. Transplants with the bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich fibrin, and their mixture retained the majority of their initial volume, whereas the transplants in the control group showed the highest absorption rate. Bone mineral density of transplants with the bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich fibrin, and their mixture 6 months later was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), and was the highest in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin mixed transplants. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the structure of new bones formed the best in group A. Conclusion: Both bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin are capable of improving the repair of dog alveolar cleft, and the mixture of them is more potent than each one of them used singly for enhancing new bone regeneration.
Systemic administration of local anesthetic agents to relieve neuropathic pain.

BACKGROUND Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, and flecainide are local anesthetics which give an analgesic effect when administered orally or parenterally. Early reports described the use of intravenous lidocaine or procaine to relieve cancer and postoperative pain. Interest reappeared decades later when patient series and clinical trials reported that parenteral lidocaine and its oral analogs tocainide, mexiletine, and flecainide relieved neuropathic pain in some patients. With the recent publication of clinical trials with high quality standards, we have reviewed the use of systemic lidocaine and its oral analogs in neuropathic pain to update our knowledge, to measure their benefit and harm, and to better define their role in therapy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate pain relief and adverse effect rates between systemic local anesthetic-type drugs and other control interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE (1966 through 15 May 2004), EMBASE (January 1980 to December 2002), Cancer Lit (through 15 December 2002), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2nd Quarter, 2004), System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE), and LILACS, from January 1966 through March 2001. We also hand searched conference proceedings, textbooks, original articles and reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included trials with random allocation, that were double blinded, with a parallel or crossover design. The control intervention was a placebo or an analgesic drug for neuropathic pain from any cause. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We collected efficacy and safety data from all published and unpublished trials. We calculated combined effect sizes using continuous and binary data for pain relief and adverse effects as primary and secondary outcome measurements, respectively. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-two controlled clinical trials met the selection criteria; two were duplicate articles. The treatment drugs were intravenous lidocaine (16 trials), mexiletine (12 trials), lidocaine plus mexiletine sequentially (one trial), and tocainide (one trial). Twenty-one trials were crossover studies, and nine were parallel. Lidocaine and mexiletine were superior to placebo [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -11; 95% CI: -15 to -7; P < 0.00001], and limited data showed no difference in efficacy (WMD = -0.6; 95% CI: -7 to 6), or adverse effects versus carbamazepine, amantadine, gabapentin or morphine. In these trials, systemic local anesthetics were safe, with no deaths or life-threatening toxicities. Sensitivity analysis identified data distribution in three trials as a probable source of heterogeneity. There was no publication bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine and oral analogs were safe drugs in controlled clinical trials for neuropathic pain, were better than placebo, and were as effective as other analgesics. Future trials should enroll specific diseases and test novel lidocaine analogs with better toxicity profiles. More emphasis is necessary on outcomes measuring patient satisfaction to assess if statistically significant pain relief is clinically meaningful.
The molecular and cellular basis of exostosis formation in hereditary multiple exostoses

The different clinical entities of osteochondromas, hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) and non‐familial solitary exostosis, are known to express localized exostoses in their joint metaphyseal cartilage. In the current study biopsies of osteochondromas patients were screened with respect to a number of cellular and molecular parameters. Specifically, cartilaginous biopsy samples of nine HME patients, 10 solitary exostosis patients and 10 articular cartilages of control subjects were collected and cell cultures were established. Results obtained showed that one of the two HME samples that underwent DNA sequencing analysis (HME‐1) had a novel mutation for an early stop codon, which led to an aberrant protein, migrating at a lower molecular weight position. The EXT‐1 mRNA and protein levels in chondrocyte cultures derived from all nine HME patients were elevated, compared with solitary exostosis patients or control subjects. Furthermore, cell cultures of HME patients had significantly decreased pericellular heparan sulphate (HS) in comparison with cultures of solitary exostosis patients or control subjects. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections and Western blotting of cell cultures derived from HME patients revealed higher levels of heparanase compared with solitary exostosis patients and of control subjects. Further investigations are needed to determine whether the low pericellular HS levels in HME patients stem from decreased biosynthesis of HS, increased degradation or a combination of both. In conclusion, it appears that due to a mutated glycosyltransferase, the low content of pericellular HS in HME patients leads to the anatomical deformations with exostoses formation. Hence, elevation of HS content in the pericellular regions should be a potential molecular target for correction.
Effects of combined methohexitone‐remifentanil anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy

Background: Methohexitone is widely used to provide anaesthesia for patients undergoing electroconvulstive therapy (ECT). Short seizure duration, high blood pressures (BP) and heart rates (HR) are usual in elderly patients. In this study, elderly patients undergoing ECT received low dose methohexitone with remifentanil or methohexitone alone and motor seizure duration, haemodynamic response and recovery time were compared.
Community-based Open Source - The Phenomenon and Research Opportunities

Community-based open source (community source) development has emerged as a new way of developing enterprise applications, leading to a unique type of open source practice involving collaboration from multiple organizations in a virtual environment. In this paper, we introduce the concept and motivation of community source and address several research directions in community source under multiple perspectives. We examine a real world case, the Kuali community source project, to help better understand this new phenomenon. The long term research objectives are discussed at the end of the paper. This paper facilitates a general understanding of the emerging community source development landscape. We believe that the issues presented in this paper can attract more researchers to study this new area and help organizations make better decisions in IT investments.
The role of peripheral afferents in persistent inguinal postherniorrhaphy pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ultrasound-guided tender point blockade.

BACKGROUND Severe, persistent inguinal postherniorrhaphy pain (PIPP) is a debilitating condition that develops in 2-5% of patients. PIPP may be neuropathic in nature, yet the lesion in the peripheral nervous system has not been located. Most PIPP-patients demonstrate a tender point (TP) in the medial aspect of the inguinal region that triggers pain upon minimal pressure. As TPs may play a role in the pathophysiology of PIPP, the aim of this trial was to investigate the analgesic effects of local anaesthetic TP-blockade. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed in 14 PIPP-patients and six healthy volunteers. All participated in two sessions, seven days apart, receiving 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine or normal saline via an ultrasound-guided fascial plane block at the TP. The TP-area was used for pain assessments (at rest, on movement, with 100 kPa pressure-algometry) and quantitative sensory testing (pressure pain thresholds, thermal detection/pain thresholds, supra-threshold heat perception), before and after the TP-blockade. RESULTS The median (95% CI) reduction in pain was 63% (44.1 to 73.6%) after bupivacaine compared with 36% (11.6 to 49.7%; P=0.003) after placebo. Significant increases in cool detection (P=0.01) and pressure pain thresholds (P=0.009) with decreases in supra-threshold heat pain perception (P=0.003) were seen after bupivacaine only. In four out of six volunteers, increased thermal and evoked-pain thresholds after bupivacaine compared with placebo, was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrates that peripheral afferent input from the TP-area is important for maintenance of spontaneous and evoked pain in PIPP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02065219.
Cadmium induces c-myc, p53, and c-jun expression in normal human prostate epithelial cells as a prelude to apoptosis.

Cadmium is a suspected human prostatic carcinogen shown to induce prostatic tumors and proliferative lesions in rats. The carcinogenic mechanism of cadmium is unknown, but its poor mutagenicity points toward an epigenetic mechanism. Here we studied the effect of cadmium on genes involved in growth regulation of prostate epithelial cell using the human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1, which is immortalized but not transformed and is androgen-responsive. Treatment with 10 microM cadmium resulted in transient increases in c-myc and p53 mRNA levels that peaked at 2-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared to control after 2 h. In contrast, c-jun mRNA levels were increased >3-fold after 2, 4, and 6 h and 20-fold after 24 h. DNA synthesis decreased after 24 h of cadmium exposure. Further study revealed a significant increase in apoptosis after 48 h of cadmium exposure. However, approximately 35% of the cells were still viable and appeared normal, indicating this subpopulation was more resistant to cadmium. Furthermore, these resistant cells had 2.5-fold more metallothionein than untreated control cells. This suggests that cadmium could act to select for apoptotic-defective cells in vivo, thereby increasing the likelihood of tumor formation. This work represents the first description of cadmium affecting oncogene expression in a human cell model of a potential in vivo target site of cadmium carcinogenesis.
Robust PID control using generalized KYP synthesis: direct open-loop shaping in multiple frequency ranges

In this paper, a method for designing PID controllers to meet multiple frequency-domain inequalities (FDI) specifications on the open-loop transfer function in finite and semi-infinite frequency ranges is presented. The method, which is based on the generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (GKYP) lemma, enables direct loop shaping through LMI optimization without frequency gridding or weights. The resulting synthesis condition is nonconservative; its infeasibility implies that no PID controller exists to meet the specifications. The design method extends to systems with parametric uncertainties using Lyapunov function, which depends on the parameter in a linear fractional manner. The robust PID control design is also reduced to an LMI optimization problem, albeit with potential conservatism. The effectiveness of the GKYP synthesis has been demonstrated through several numerical examples. In addition to PID control design, robust GKYP synthesis applies to open-loop shaping and filtering problems, where the poles of the controller or filter are fixed.
Trouble with tacit: developing a new perspective and approach

Purpose – The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to question the widely adopted tacit-explicit distinction of knowledge, arguing that this is based on a misappraisal of the original source of the “tacit” phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach – It is argued that Michael Polanyi’s theory of personal knowledge and philosophical grounds have been misinterpreted. The tacit problem is approached from three different directions: knowledge management, cognitive psychology and discursive psychology. The first offers an imperative to regard the tacit as vital to organizational success and an underplayed “implicit” perspective on the tacit. The second offers empirical evidence for the formulation of the tacit as acquired automatically and unconsciously through implicit learning and as influencing action. The last offers a theory and methodology for studying what is argued as being the primary site of knowledge work – discourse. Findings – A novel aspect of the tacit – “tacit knowing” – is shown to be action-orient.
Two-component regulatory proteins ResD-ResE are required for transcriptional activation of fnr upon oxygen limitation in Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis can grow anaerobically in the presence of nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. The two component regulatory proteins, ResD and ResE, and an anaerobic gene regulator, FNR, were previously shown to be indispensable for nitrate respiration in B. subtilis. Unlike Escherichia coli fnr, B. subtilis fnr transcription was shown to be highly induced by oxygen limitation. fnr is transcribed from its own promoter as well as from a promoter located upstream of narK, the first gene in the narK-fnr dicistronic operon. DNA fragments containing the narK promoter, the fnr promoter, and both of the promoters were used to construct three lacZ fusions to examine the transcriptional regulation of the narK-fnr operon. ResDE was found to be required for transcriptional activation of fnr from the fnr-specific promoter, and FNR was required for activation of narK-fnr transcription from the FNR-dependent narK operon promoter under anaerobiosis. In order to determine if the requirement for ResDE in nitrate respiration is solely to activate fnr transcription, fnr was placed under control of the IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible promoter, Pspac. The observed defect in anaerobic growth of a Pspac-fnr delta resDE mutant in the presence of IPTG indicated that resDE has an additional role in B. subtilis anaerobic gene regulation.
Conformal radiotherapy for locally advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angio-fibroma.

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of radiation in the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were retrieved for JNA treated with radiotherapy from 1987-2012. The demographics, treatment and outcome data were recorded in predesigned proforma. RESULTS Data of 32 patients were retrieved. Median age was 17 years (range: 12-33 years). All patients received radiation because of refractory, residual or unresectable locally advanced disease. All patients were planned with a three-dimensional conformal technique (3DCRT). The median radiation dose was 30 Gray (range: 30-45 Gray). Median follow-up was 129 months (range: 1-276 months). At the last follow-up, 13 patients were found to have a radiological complete response. Two patients progressed 38 and 43 months after completion of treatment and opted for alternative treatment. One patient developed squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal ale 15 years after radiation. CONCLUSION Conformal radiotherapy shows promise as an alternative treatment approach for locally advanced JNA and confers long-term disease control with minimal toxicity.
Influence of Reverse Transcriptase Variants, Drugs, and Vpr on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutant Frequencies

ABSTRACT The evolution of drug resistance is a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) chemotherapy. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is a major target of antiretroviral therapy and ultimately the target of drug resistance mutations. Previous studies have indicated that drug-resistant HIV-1 RTs can alter HIV-1 mutant frequencies. In this study, we have tested a panel of HIV-1 RT variants for their ability to influence virus mutant frequencies. The RT variants tested included drug-resistant RT variants as well as other variants analyzed in enzyme fidelity studies with the lacZα gene as a mutation target and/or implicated as being important for enzyme fidelity by structural studies. Combinations of mutations that alone had a statistically significant influence on virus mutant frequencies resulted in different mutant frequency phenotypes. Furthermore, when virus replication occurred in the presence of drugs [e.g., 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine, (−)2/,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine, hydroxyurea, thymidine, or thioguanine] with selected RT variants, virus mutant frequencies increased. Similarly, Vpr variants deficient for binding to the uracil DNA glycosylase repair enzyme were observed to influence HIV-1 virus mutant frequencies when tested alone or in combination with RT variants. In summary, these observations indicate that HIV-1 mutant frequencies can significantly change by single amino acid substitutions in RT and that these effects can be altered by additional mutations in RT, by drugs, and/or by expression of Vpr variants. Such altered virus mutant frequencies could impact HIV-1 dynamics and evolution in small population sizes.
How Well Do Measures of Inhibition and Other Executive Functions Discriminate Between Children With ADHD and Controls?

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of Barkley’s (1997a) model of inhibition and executive functioning in describing the deficits associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Besides group differences, the present study addressed the question of independent effects of inhibition and the other executive functions in discriminating between children with ADHD and controls and how well, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, these measures can classify the children into the correct group. The results showed that children with ADHD differed significantly from controls with regard to measures of inhibition as well as all other executive function measures, except repetition of hand movements. In logistic regression models, three different measures tapping inhibition, working memory and emotion regulation were shown to be significant independent predictors of group membership. The sensitivity for these three variables as a set was 76.2, the specificity was 90.5, with a total of 86% of the sample correctly classified. When excluding the parental rating of emotion regulation, the overall classification rate decreased some, but was still relatively high in comparison with previous studies within this area of research.