Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Did We Learn about Student and Faculty “Backlash” to the Interdisciplinary Generalist Curriculum Project?

There was student and faculty backlash against the Interdisciplinary Generalist Curriculum (IGC) Project innovations at all ten schools involved. Students may react strongly to requirements and experiences they find onerous, and often reacted to being “preached at” and being told what they should value and believe. Backlash was not limited to students. A complaint heard in virtually all schools was that the basic science faculty barely had enough time to adequately cover their topics as it was, and now they were being asked to give up time for clinical experiences and topics. Despite the backlash, the authors point out that the vast majority of students endorsed the value of the preceptorship experience and that reaction to the IGC Project did not necessarily translate into negative perceptions of primary care medicine. Each IGC Project school made strategic decisions in response to backlash. Among the various efforts undertaken were enhanced communication and clarification, persistence and “watchful waiting,” programmatic changes, and elimination of program components that were not working. These various efforts appear to have paid off, as most schools reported that backlash diminished over time. Lessons learned about backlash against new curricular innovations were that (1) backlash, however defined, is inevitable; (2) communication, coordination, and cooperation are essential; (3) flexibility, compromise, and willingness to change are essential; and (4) “watchful waiting” can be an effective response to some forms of backlash.
Hepatitis type E in Italy: A seroepidemiological survey

The seroprevalence of antibodies to HEV was determined in three different Italian populations (volunteer blood donors, normal healthy individuals, and intravenous drug users [IVDUs]). The seroprevalence in the populations ranged from 0.74% to 1.94%, with higher rates among IVDUs and individuals over 40 years of age. None of 35 patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis A but 10 of 153 (6.5%) patients with acute nonA, nonB, nonC hepatitis were found to be positive for anti‐HEV antibody. One of these antibody positive cases was linked to travel, while the remaining 9 were not associated with travel to endemic areas. These data suggest a possible low circulation Of HEV in Italy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of serum aldosterone and the aldosterone–renin ratio on pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients

Objective The aldosterone–renin ratio (ARR) is widely used to screen for primary aldosteronism, and may reflect a relative excess of aldosterone secretion compared with renin secretion. Excess aldosterone may have a detrimental effect on vascular stiffness. We therefore hypothesized that ARR and aldosterone are independently correlated with pulse wave velocity (PWV) in hypertensive patients. Methods The study consisted of 438 hypertensive patients. Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured in a sitting position using standard techniques. The PWV was determined by measuring the heart to femoral PWV (hfPWV) and brachial to ankle PWV with a VP-2000 pulse wave unit. Results Group 1 was defined as patients with ARR of at least 20 (n = 53) with serum aldosterone ≥ 12 ng/dl, while the remainder comprised group 2. Comparisons between the two groups reveal group 1 tended to have higher age, significantly higher proportion of women and higher systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Patients in group 1 also had a significantly higher index of central arterial stiffness (hfPWV 1048 ± 202 vs 978 ± 182, P = 0.010) compared with group 2. Multiple linear regression revealed that aldosterone, but not the ARR, is significantly associated with hfPWV but not brachial to ankle PWV, after controlling for age, systolic blood pressure and heart rate at the time of PWV measurement, body mass index, gender, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood pressure medication and statins. Conclusions Serum aldosterone is significantly associated with central aortic PWV in hypertensive patients. The results demonstrate a possible role for aldosterone in developing central aortic stiffness and increased PWV in hypertensive patients.
Saddlepoint approximations and nonlinear boundary crossing probabilities of Markov random walks

Saddlepoint approximations are developed for Markov random walks Sn and are used to evaluate the probability that (j − i)g((Sj − Si)/(j − i)) exceeds a threshold value for certain sets of (i, j). The special case g(x) = x reduces to the usual scan statistic in change-point detection problems, and many generalized likelihood ratio detection schemes are also of this form with suitably chosen g. We make use of this boundary crossing probability to derive both the asymptotic Gumbel-type distribution of scan statistics and the asymptotic exponential distribution of the waiting time to false alarm in sequential change-point detection. Combining these saddlepoint approximations with truncation arguments and geometric integration theory also yields asymptotic formulas for other nonlinear boundary crossing probabilities of Markov random walks satisfying certain minorization conditions.
Perceived Risk, Trust and Information Seeking Behavior as Antecedents of Online Apparel Buying Behavior in India: An Exploratory Study in Context of Rajasthan

The growing use of social media is changing the consumer buying behavior across countries and regions. However, consumers in a developing region like Rajasthan are generally described as risk reluctant and hence the impact of social media on consumer online buying behavior is a pertinent topic of interest to marketers and researchers. Evidence of empirical research in this area is very limited. This research paper attempts to study the purchase behavior of consumers who buy apparels through the e-commerce system of social media by examining a random sample of 404 consumers from Rajasthan. Factors driving consumers to purchase online apparels through e-commerce in social media included information seeking, perceived risk, and trust. The empirical research findings through an SPSS 22 analysis suggest that there is a moderate to significant effect of social media on online apparel buying behavior in Rajasthan, with trust being the most significantly affected element followed by perceived risk and information seeking behavior.
Effect of excitement on coronary and systemic energetics in unanesthetized dogs.

The effect of excitement on phasic aortic pressure and flow, phasic left coronary flow, and myocardial metabolism has been studied in dogs 1–8 weeks after implantation of appropriate flowmeters and other devices. The rapid increase in heart rate and mild increase in blood pressure in the first few seconds tend to maintain coronary flow per minute despite a decrease in stroke cardiac output and coronary flow throughout the cardiac cycle. The main response is a delayed rise in coronary flow per minute resulting from further elevation of heart rate and blood pressure, a moderate increase in stroke cardiac output and a sizeable increase in stroke coronary flow, the latter being divided fairly evenly between systole and diastole. From 60 to 90% of the increase in mean coronary flow arises from the increase in stroke coronary flow, and the remainder from the increased number of heartbeats per minute. Some of the possible mechanisms concerned are discussed.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor improves neovascularization by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current methods used to treat critical limb ischaemia (CLI) are hampered by a lack of effective strategies, therefore, therapeutic vasculogenesis may open up a new field for the treatment of CLI. In this study we investigated the ability of the DPP‐4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, originally used as a hypoglycaemic agent, to induce vasculogenesis in vivo.
Stock Price Crashes and Equity Lending Market Condition: Evidence from Lending Fees and Fee Risk

We find that stock price crash risk is positively associated with lagged equity lending fee and fee risk. This positive relation is stronger for the stocks with a lower short interest level and higher information uncertainty. Our results are robust to using alternative measures of price crash risk and equity lending market conditions. We also find similar results when we adopt a fuzzy regression-discontinuity design based on Russell index reconstitution and a differences-indifferences methodology based on Reg SHO Pilot Program. Overall, our findings indicate that the improvement in equity lending market conditions leads to a lower stock price crash risk.
Identifying psychiatric illness among general medical patients.

The recognition of psychiatric illness by physicians and surgeons comes about either by the doctor noticing some cue that suggests psychological disorder or because the patient's complaints cannot be accounted for by known organic disease. In either case the doctor must be able to follow up with appropriate questions which will enable him to make a confident diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. That sounds straightforward, but it is not. Over half of all medical patients with psychiatric illnesses diagnosable according to research criteria will not have their illnesses detected by the medical staff looking after them'-4-for five main reasons. Firstly, many such patients do not provide any cues, either non-verbal or verbal, that suggest a psychological disorder, though they will readily describe their symptoms if they are asked directly. Secondly, patients often mention depression or anxiety at the beginning of the interview together with their presenting somatic symptoms, yet only the latter are picked up and discussed further. Thirdly, medical histories are often taken in conditions of little privacy: patients may admit problems in a side room that were denied on the open ward. ' Fourthly, a known organic cause for a patient's symptoms does not exclude a psychiatric disorder; indeed, such disorders will often be found to be responsible for exacerbating the patient's complaint. Finally, and rather sadly, even when they suspect a psychiatric disorder many clinicians are not confident of their ability to make psychiatric assessments. One approach to the problem is for the clinician to make use of the bewildering variety of pencil and paper tests that may be given to patients in order to detect those who are likely to have a psychiatric disorder. Most such illnesses turn out to be anxiety states and depressive illnesses, and the screening tests are mainly concerned with the symptoms of these. None ofthem make diagnoses, but several will provide a profile of scores in addition to a general score indicating the probability that a disorder is present. The account which follows is mainly concerned with those scales which have been well validated in general hospital settings. Since symptoms related to anxiety are correlated with symptoms related to depression many clinicians prefer a single scale that gives an indication of anxiety-depression.
Pharmacogenetics Influence Treatment Efficacy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Pharmacogenetics covers the genetic variation affecting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and their influence on drug-response phenotypes. The genetic variation includes an estimated 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and is a key determinator for the interindividual differences in treatment resistance and toxic side effects. As most childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment protocols include up to 13 different chemotherapeutic agents, the impact of individual SNPs has been difficult to evaluate. So far focus has mainly been on the widely used glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate, and thiopurines, or on metabolic pathways and transport mechanisms that are common to several drugs, such as the glutathione S-transferases. However, beyond the thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms, the candidate-gene approach has not established clear associations between polymorphisms and treatment response. In the future, high-throughput, low-cost, genetic platforms will allow screening of hundreds or thousands of targeted SNPs to give a combined gene-dosage effect (=individual SNP risk profile), which may allow pharmacogenetic-based individualization of treatment.
Can Brand Users Really Remember Advertising More Than Nonusers?

ABSTRACT Past research shows that advertising awareness is systematically higher among a brand's users than nonusers. This past research has been confined, however, to measures where a brand name forms part of the cuing material. The current authors' research across six different measures, which extends cues to execution and media prompts, shows the user bias in memory for advertising is not a measurement artifact. It is, in fact, a real phenomenon, occurring under a wide range of conditions. This has implications for creative design, branding, and pretesting, particularly with advertising that primarily aims to attract nonusers. It also has an impact on metrics for assessing global or cross-platform advertising.
Amnesic patients' impaired category exemplar production priming

This study examined the effect of varying the number of potential target words on amnesic patients' category exemplar production performance. In Experiment 1, 4 words from each of 6 categories were presented to amnesic patients and normal control participants. This was followed by an indirect task in which each participant produced the first 8 words that came to mind when presented with a category cue. On this task the amnesic patients were impaired. This outcome stands in sharp contrast to most other category exemplar production tasks that have been reported. However, these other paradigms tend to restrict participants' processing during target item presentation while our procedure allowed them to analyze the target words as they chose. Our procedure may have allowed the control participant more opportunity to “cluster” target words from the same category during list presentation and this, in turn, may have given them an advantage at the time of category exemplar production. Therefore, in Experiment 2, only 1 word per category was presented in the target list and only 2 words per category were requested during category exemplar production. Surprisingly, the amnesic patients still exhibited impaired performance. Therefore, it was suggested that perhaps amnesic patients' known inability to perform semantic levels of processing during individual target word presentation may have resulted in impaired priming for categorical features for these patients. (JINS, 1998, 4, 576–583.)
Effect of Crowding on Hypertension and Growth in Rats Bearing Regenerating Adrenals.∗

Summary 1. Uninephrectomized, salt-treated rats bearing regenerating adrenals and grouped 3 to a cage developed significantly higher blood pressure than corresponding rats caged singly. Absence of thymic involution in the grouped, adrenal-enucleated rats lends further support to the thesis that the development of hypertensive disease under these conditions is through the secretion of a steroid other than corticosterone. 2. The enhancement of hypertension by crowding occurred in the face of lower dietary and saline consumption and smaller weight gain than was observed in controls housed singly. Similar, but much less consistent changes occurred in intact grouped rats drinking saline or tap water. 3. These observations support the hypothesis that increased population density augments blood pressure levels attained in rats bearing regenerating adrenal glands.
Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections: Secular Trends in a Statewide Surveillance Program in Virginia

Abstract Over a 7-year period (1978-1984) the authors studied the rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections in acute-care hospitals participating in a statewide surveillance network in Virginia. A total of 4,617 hospital-acquired bloodstream infections were documented among 1,807,989 patients at risk for an overall rate of 25.5 cases per 10,000 patient admissions/discharges (annual range = 22.1 to 30.7). Compliance of reporting for Virginia hospitals averaged 58% (1 to 5 monthly reports in a study year), and 39% (≥6 monthly reports annually). Significant changes in bloodstream infection rates (cases per 10,000 patient admissions/discharges) due to specific pathogens included the following: coagulase-negative staphylococci increased from a rate of 1.3 to 4.5 (P=.0003), and those due to all gram-positive cocci increased from a rate of 7.5 to 11.4 (P=.03). Candida species increased from a rate of 0.1 to 1.5 (P=.005). The data show a continuing rise of nosocomial Candida BSI and clearly document the re-emergence of gram-positive cocci as major nosocomial bloodstream pathogens.
Resilience, self-efficacy, coping styles and depressive and anxiety symptoms in those newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis

High levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms have been reported by individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined the associations between resilience, self-efficacy and coping and depressive and anxiety symptoms and whether resilience, self-efficacy and coping were predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients newly diagnosed with MS. A sample of 129 individuals newly diagnosed with MS participated in this cross-sectional study and completed an online questionnaire assessing resilience, self-efficacy, coping and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results revealed that depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidance coping strategies, resilience and self-efficacy. Anxiety symptoms were also significantly associated with employment status and level of disability. Results from hierarchical multiple regression revealed that the resilience subscale of personal competence, the avoidance coping style of substance use and emotion-focused coping styles of venting predicted depressive symptoms and uniquely accounted for 63.8% of the variance in the depression score, F (18, 124) = 10.36, p = . 000. Level of disability and employment status accounted for 13.2% of the anxiety score and avoidance coping style of denial and emotion-focused coping style of humour accounted for 36.4% of the variance in the anxiety symptom score, F (15, 112) = 6.37, p = . 000. Our findings suggest that resilience and avoidance and emotion-focused coping strategies are predictive of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in those newly diagnosed with MS. Resilience and coping styles may be another target for interventions aimed at managing depressive and anxiety symptoms in those newly diagnosed with MS.
Typing of human rotavirus VP4 by an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies

Two different neutralization specificities exist on the outer capsid of group A rotaviruses. At least seven VP7 (G) antigenic types are distinguishable among human rotaviruses. Four distinct antigenic (P) types of human rotavirus VP4 corresponding to separate rotavirus gene 4 groups have been described. The aim of this study was to identify P types in clinical specimens by developing an enzyme immunoassay, using P-type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (N-MAbs). Three N-MAbs primarily or solely recognizing each of P types 4, 6, and 8 and binding to VP4 or its subunit VP5* were derived. These N-MAbs served as detector antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay P-typing system similar to that in use for G typing. P-type specificity was highest when the G-type specificity of the capture antiserum was matched to the G type of the rotavirus in the test sample. The method correctly identified the P types of 13 well-characterized, cell culture-adapted human rotaviruses and was used to classify a further six strains. P typing of 118 rotavirus-positive stools gave results consistent with the P type inferred from the G type for 98 (83%) samples. Twelve (10%) of the stools showed no reaction with any N-MAb and eight (7%) samples were untypeable because of cross-reactivity between N-MAbs or high background readings. This P-typing enzyme immunoassay system is economical and amenable to large-scale use in epidemiological studies. Its use will facilitate assessment of the distribution of P types worldwide and of the role of VP4 in eliciting protective immune responses.
Pediculosis Capitis in Benghazi, Libya

ABSTRACT: A school survey of pediculosis capitis in Benghazi, Libya, revealed an alarmingly high prevelence of 78.6%. The percentage of infestation was 67.2% for boys and 88.1 % for girls. It was more frequent in schools located in rural areas (85.55%) as compared with those in urban areas (44.28%). There was no significant difference in infestation in younger and older children of either sex. Besides other factors for such a high prevalence, the lack of health education of family members may play a crucial role in transference and louse infestation.
Investigating the impact of service climate on intention to revisit a hotel: the mediating role of perceived service quality and relationship quality

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of service climate on the intention to revisit a hotel in terms of the role of service climate and relationship quality (satisfaction and trust). In fact, the effect of service climate and relationship quality on the relationship between service climate and revisit intention would be addressed. The model was tested in an empirical study with data from a survey of 200 hotel employees and 200 guests of three-, four-, and five-star hotels in the area of Tehran. Data were collected by two questionnaires using a convenience sampling approach. The research model was then tested by path analysis with LISREL™ software. Results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between service climate and intention to revisit. Further, perceived service quality and relationship quality were mediating variables in the relationship of service climate and revisit intention. The research provides valuable insights into the role of service climate in the hotel service experience. Service climate makes a signiﬁcant contribution to the prediction of behavioural intentions (such as satisfaction, trust, and revisit intention).
Towards Parsimony in Terminology used in the Value Creating Process for Sources of Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Activity-Resource-Based View (ARBV) Perspective

This paper promotes the need for parsimony in terminology used in the actual value creating process for sources of sustainable competitive advantage by advocating for the need to have universally accepted definitions of the terms resources, capabilities and competencies. This urgent need for an explicit distinction of terminology is supported by recent literature. Specifically, this paper also advocates for the activity-resource-based view (ARBV), derived by integrating the activity and resource-based views, to be one of the main frameworks for analysing the actual value creation process for firms in the services industry. The paper also contributes to the bridging of the gap in strategic management literature and offers guidance for future research by urging scholars and researchers to embrace the empirical integration of the activity and resource-based views.