Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full-State Feedback Equivalent Controller for Active Damping in  $LCL$-Filtered Grid-Connected Inverters Using a Reduced Number of Sensors

This paper presents a method for the active damping of a grid-tie LCL inverter. This method is based solely on the feedback of the injected current into the grid and is applicable to any linear current controller. It requires a low additional computational load over that required to control a grid-tie L inverter and the same measurements. A general design methodology for the current controller, which allows positioning all of the closed-loop poles of the system at arbitrary locations (even unstable modes of the LCL filter), is proposed. Stability and robustness of the resulting system are analyzed. Simulation and experimental results that validate the proposal are presented.
Slp‐76 is a critical determinant of NK‐cell mediated recognition of missing‐self targets

Absence of MHC class I expression is an important mechanism by which NK cells recognize a variety of target cells, yet the pathways underlying “missing‐self” recognition, including the involvement of activating receptors, remain poorly understood. Using ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis in mice, we identified a germline mutant, designated Ace, with a marked defect in NK cell mediated recognition and elimination of “missing‐self” targets. The causative mutation was linked to chromosome 11 and identified as a missense mutation (Thr428Ile) in the SH2 domain of Slp‐76—a critical adapter molecule downstream of ITAM‐containing surface receptors. The Slp‐76 Ace mutation behaved as a hypomorphic allele—while no major defects were observed in conventional T‐cell development/function, a marked defect in NK cell mediated elimination of β2‐microglobulin (β2M) deficient target cells was observed. Further studies revealed Slp‐76 to control NK‐cell receptor expression and maturation; however, activation of Slp‐76ace/ace NK cells through ITAM‐containing NK‐cell receptors or allogeneic/tumor target cells appeared largely unaffected. Imagestream analysis of the NK‐β2M−/− target cell synapse revealed a specific defect in actin recruitment to the conjugate synapse in Slp‐76ace/ace NK cells. Overall these studies establish Slp‐76 as a critical determinant of NK‐cell development and NK cell mediated elimination of missing‐self target cells in mice.
Some Evolutionary Consequences of Being a Tree

Trees do not form a natural group but share attributes such as great size, longevity, and high reproductive output that affect their mode and tempo of evolution. In particular, trees are unique in that they maintain high levels of diversity while accumulating new mutations only slowly. They are also capable of rapid local adaptation and can evolve quickly from nontree ancestors, but most existing tree lineages typically experience low speciation and extinction rates. We discuss why the tree growth habit should lead to these seemingly paradoxical features.
Lipids and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: Is there a link?

Summary Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss. Its fundamental cause(s) and the pathological cascades leading to clinical symptoms remain unknown. Lipids and lipid peroxidation products have important roles in the homeostasis of the central nervous system. As well, lipid transport genes and vascular changes associated with peripheral dyslipidemia have been associated with an increased risk of AD. The present review discusses ways in which lipids may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD-associated neurodegeneration through their roles as neuronal structural components, cell modulators, or second messengers. Given the many possibilities through which lipids may be directly involved in or contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, the use of lipids as biomarkers for disease progression is discussed, as are other avenues for future research.
Perceived stress, severity of asthma, and quality of life in young adults with asthma.

BACKGROUND People suffering from asthmatic symptoms have a lower quality of life than those without. The aim of this study is to clarify the association of quality of life with the severity of asthma, perceived stress, and other factors such as the comorbidity of allergic diseases among young adults with asthma. METHODS The study participants were 695 asthma patients, aged 20-44 years, from 29 medical centers in Japan. We excluded from the analysis of the result of the study 116 patients with complications of serious diseases, cough-variant asthma or aspirin-intolerant asthma. The patients completed the 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8), the Airways Questionnaire 20 (AQ20), and the Japanese version of the Perceived Stress Scale (JPSS) and their doctors also provided clinical information including diagnosis, complications, severity of asthma, and results of pulmonary function and immunological tests. RESULTS There was a weak correlation between the generic quality of life (SF-8) and the disease-specific quality of life (AQ20). The AQ 20 revealed almost no association with the results of pulmonary function and immunological tests, and only a slight association with comorbidity of allergic rhinitis and food allergy. The AQ20 showed a moderate relation with perceived stress (JPSS) but a weak association with the severity of asthma. The multiple logistic models demonstrated that there was no relationship between the severity of asthma and the AQ20 in females, and in the age group of 20-34 years. CONCLUSIONS A major variable related to the disease-specific quality of life was perceived stress, followed by the severity of asthma. Stress management of patients with asthma may improve their quality of life.
Mannitol Salt Agar-Cefoxitin Combination as a Screening Medium for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT In disk diffusion tests, cefoxitin is now considered a better indicator than oxacillin for the presence of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus. A logical extension of this work is the incorporation of cefoxitin into media selective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This paper describes the development and subsequent testing of mannitol salt agar containing 4 mg/liter cefoxitin with a unique collection of well-characterized MRSA strains, including low-level methicillin-resistant strains and an equal number of known mecA-negative S. aureus strains. The agar supported the growth of 96.6% of the mecA-positive strains in the collection and inhibited the growth of 100% of the mecA-negative strains. These results suggest that selective media based on cefoxitin are superior to those based on oxacillin for the detection of MRSA.
The Relationship between Particulate Matter (PM10) and Hospitalizations and Mortality Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have reported variable associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations and mortality. Objective: To conduct a systematic study assessing the associations between hospitalizations and mortality from COPD and ambient PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm, PM10). Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 6 common electronic databases. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) to evaluate the relationship between PM10 and COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Publication bias and heterogeneity of samples were tested by Begg funnel plot and Egger test, respectively. Study findings were analyzed using random-effect model and fixed-effect model. Results: The search yielded 31 studies suitable for the meta-analysis during the period from Jan 1, 2000 to Oct 31, 2011. A 10μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with a 2.7% (95%CI = 1.9%-3.6%) increase in COPD hospitalizations with an OR of 1.027 (95%CI: 1.019–1.036), and a 1.1% (95%CI: 0.8%–1.4%) increase in COPD mortality with an OR of 1.011 (95%CI: 1.008–1.014). Conclusions: Ambient PM10 is associated with increased COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Further research is needed to elucidate whether this association is causal and to clarify its mechanisms.
Induction of Telithromycin Resistance by Erythromycin in Isolates of Macrolide-Resistant Staphylococcus spp

ABSTRACT Staphylococcal isolates were examined for possible macrolide-inducible resistance to telithromycin. All macrolide-resistant isolates demonstrated telithromycin D-shaped zones. This result did not discriminate between resistance due to an efflux mechanism (msrA) or a ribosomal target modification (ermA or ermC). Inducible telithromycin resistance in staphylococci does not appear to be analogous to inducible clindamycin resistance.
α‐fetoprotein levels after interferon therapy and risk of hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis C

The effects of interferon (IFN) treatment and the post‐IFN treatment α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are unknown. To determine the relationship between AFP and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and HCC risk, a cohort consisting of 1,818 patients histologically proven to have CHC treated with IFN were studied. Cumulative incidence and HCC risk were analyzed over a mean follow‐up period of 6.1 years using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. HCC developed in 179 study subjects. According to multivariate analysis, older age, male gender, advanced fibrosis, severe steatosis, lower serum albumin levels, non sustained virological response (non‐SVR), and higher post‐IFN treatment ALT or AFP levels were identified as independent factors significantly associated with HCC development. Cutoff values for ALT and AFP for prediction of future HCC were determined as 40 IU/L and 6.0 ng/mL, respectively, and negative predictive values of these cutoffs were high at 0.960 in each value. The cumulative incidence of HCC was significantly lower in patients whose post‐IFN treatment ALT and AFP levels were suppressed to less than the cutoff values even in non‐SVR patients. This suppressive effect was also found in patients whose post‐IFN treatment ALT and AFP levels were reduced to less than the cutoff values despite abnormal pretreatment levels. Conclusion: Post‐IFN treatment ALT and AFP levels are significantly associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Measurement of these values is useful for predicting future HCC risk after IFN treatment. Suppression of these values after IFN therapy reduces HCC risk even in patients without HCV eradication. (Hepatology 2013;58:1253–1262)
Induced field and SAR in human body model due to wireless power transfer system with induction coupling

The present study investigates the SAR (specific absorption rate) and the induced electric field in an anatomically based model for the magnetic field from a wireless power transfer system. The waiting and charging conditions are considered. The transfer frequency considered herein is from 100 kHz and 150 kHz where a magneto-quasi-static approximation is valid. A two-step quasi-static method comprised of the method of moments and the scalar potential finite difference method is then used. First, the method of moments is used to calculate the magnetic field of wireless transfer system without the presence of the human body model. Then, the SAR and the electric field in the model are calculated by solving the scalar potential finite difference method. From computational results, the peak values of the SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue and the induced electric field for the transfer power of 5 W are substantially smaller than 2 W/kg and 18.9 V/m, the basic restrictions for those for general public, prescribed in the international guidelines/standard. The results indicate the induced electric field as a dominant factor when evaluating the compliance of the wireless power transfer system.
Ruptures et continuités dans la familiarisation pratique en technologie de l'école pré-élémentaire au collège

L'etude examine le parcours des ecoliers et des collegiens trace dans le monde de la technique du point de vue des rencontres qui les familiarisent sur un plan pratique avec les objets techniques. Sur quoi portent ces rencontres ? Realisees en contexte scolaire, ces frequentations sont marquees par leur intention educative, leur guidage et leur controle par l'enseignant. Comment les maitres organisent ils ces rencontres ? Si l'on suppose que l'impact de ces interventions educatives successives n'est pas sans effet, quelle perception les eleves ont ils des objets techniques au terme de leur scolarite obligatoire ? La variabilite des objets techniques utilises a l'ecole s'oppose a un ensemble standard d'artefacts en technologie au college. Les modalites des rencontres des eleves avec les objets sont plus nuancees a l'ecole qu'au college. Les objets techniques, reperes comme des moyens de realisation chez les praticiens, sont percus differemment par les eleves et se categorisent autour de quelques representants prototypiques.
N-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

In the title compound, C13H11Cl2NO2S, the molecule is bent at the S atom with a C—SO2—NH—C torsion angle of −90.4 (2)°. The sulfonyl benzene and the aniline benzene rings are tilted relative to each other by 51.7 (1)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N— H⋯O interactions into chains with graph-set notation C(4) along [100].
Improving Government Enterprise Architecture Practice--Maturity Factor Analysis

Recognized as a critical factor for the whole-of-government capability, many governments have initiated Enterprise Architectures (EA) programs. However, while there is no shortage of EA frameworks, the understanding of what makes EA practice effective in a government enterprise is limited. This paper presents the results of empirical research aimed at determining the key factors for raising the maturity of the Government Enterprise Architecture (GEA) practice, part of an effort to guide policy-makers of a particular government on how to develop GEA capabilities in its agencies. By analyzing data from a survey involving 33 agencies, the relative importance of factors like top management commitment, participation of business units and effectiveness of project governance structures on the maturity of the GEA practice was determined. The results confirm that management commitment and participation of business units are critical factors, which in turn are influenced by the perceived usefulness of the GEA efforts.
Harvest and group effects on pup survival in a cooperative breeder

Recruitment in cooperative breeders can be negatively affected by changes in group size and composition. The majority of cooperative breeding studies have not evaluated human harvest; therefore, the effects of recurring annual harvest and group characteristics on survival of young are poorly understood. We evaluated how harvest and groups affect pup survival using genetic sampling and pedigrees for grey wolves in North America. We hypothesized that harvest reduces pup survival because of (i) reduced group size, (ii) increased breeder turnover and/or (iii) reduced number of female helpers. Alternatively, harvest may increase pup survival possibly due to increased per capita food availability or it could be compensatory with other forms of mortality. Harvest appeared to be additive because it reduced both pup survival and group size. In addition to harvest, turnover of breeding males and the presence of older, non-breeding males also reduced pup survival. Large groups and breeder stability increased pup survival when there was harvest, however. Inferences about the effect of harvest on recruitment require knowledge of harvest rate of young as well as the indirect effects associated with changes in group size and composition, as we show. The number of young harvested is a poor measure of the effect of harvest on recruitment in cooperative breeders.
Deep learning for steganalysis via convolutional neural networks

Current work on steganalysis for digital images is focused on the construction of complex handcrafted features. This paper proposes a new paradigm for steganalysis to learn features automatically via deep learning models. We novelly propose a customized Convolutional Neural Network for steganalysis. The proposed model can capture the complex dependencies that are useful for steganalysis. Compared with existing schemes, this model can automatically learn feature representations with several convolutional layers. The feature extraction and classification steps are unified under a single architecture, which means the guidance of classification can be used during the feature extraction step. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model on three state-of-theart spatial domain steganographic algorithms - HUGO, WOW, and S-UNIWARD. Compared to the Spatial Rich Model (SRM), our model achieves comparable performance on BOSSbase and the realistic and large ImageNet database.
Immunohistochmical Expression of Cyclin D 1 Protein in Sudanese patients with thyroid cancer

Background:The thyroid cancer is the second most common type of malignancy in the worldwide is found in estimates 60,220 new cases approximately 3.6% in 2013 [1]. Objective:The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 in the thyroid cancer. And correlate the immunohistochemical findings with prognostic parameters including patient’s age, tumor size, histopathological types and gender. Methods:A total number of forty (40) Formalin fixed-paraffin embedded sections were collected from Sudanese patients with thyroid carcinoma; registered in who underwent surgery at many hospitals Such as (Ministry of Defense Hospital, Hospital of Al-Ribat University, and Yestbshroon Hospital) with random selection and the data were obtained from clinical charts and histopathology reports, H&E and immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 were done for all samples of thyroid cancer. Result:The patient’s results are the number of male=10 (P=4 Khloud Osman Badwi Mohammed, Elsadig A. Adam, Nada SalihImmunohistochmical Expression of Cyclin D1 Protein in Sudanese patients with thyroid cancer EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 2 / May 2016 1020 10.0%, N=6 15.0% T=2 5.0%) while the number of female=30 (P=23 57.5 %, N=7 17.5%T=7 5.0%), which thyroid cancer types such as (papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, medullary carcinoma). And the quantification was based on the Intensity and distribution of nuclear staining, expression levels of cyclin D1 has no correlation with gender, patient’s age, tumor size and histopathological types, were statistically significant( P.V=<0.05). Conclusion:According to these findings we conclude that there is no correlation between the cyclin D1 expression and thyroid carcinomas from the side of histopathological type, gender and tumor size and patient’s age.
Spatiotemporal analysis of prior appropriations water calls

A spatiotemporal model is developed to examine prior appropriations–based water curtailment in Idaho's Snake River Plain Aquifer. Using a 100 year horizon, prior appropriations–based curtailment supplemented with optimized water use reductions is shown to produce a spatial distribution of water use reductions that differs from that produced by regulatory curtailment based strictly on initial water right assignments. Discounted profits over 100 years of crop production are up to 7% higher when allocation is optimized. Total pumping over 100 years is 0.3%, 3%, and 40% higher under 1, 10, and 100 year prior appropriations–based regulatory curtailment, respectively.
Treatment of intrabony defects with enamel matrix proteins and guided tissue regeneration. A prospective controlled clinical study.

BACKGROUND Utilisation of enamel matrix proteins (EMD) and application of the guided tissue regeneration principle (GTR) are treatment modalities which both have been shown to result in periodontal regeneration. However, it is yet unknown whether the combination of EMD and GTR may additionally favor the regeneration process. AIM The aim of the present controlled study was to evaluate clinically the treatment effect of EMD, GTR, combination of EMD and GTR, and flap surgery (control) on intrabony defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS 56 patients each of whom displaying one intrabony defect of a depth of at least 6 mm were randomly treated with one of the treatment modalities. Prior to surgery and at one year after, the following parameters were evaluated by a blinded examiner: Plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). No statistical significant differences between the four groups were observed at baseline for any of the investigated parameters. RESULTS At 1 year after therapy, the sites treated with EMD demonstrated a mean PPD reduction of 4.1 +/- 1.7 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.4 +/- 1.5 mm (p<0.001). The sites treated with GTR showed a mean PPD reduction of 4.2 +/- 1.9 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.1 +/- 1.5 mm (p<0.001). The sites treated with the combined treatment showed a mean PPD reduction of 4.3 +/- 1.4 mm and a mean CAL gain of 3.4 +/- 1.1 mm (p<0.001). In the control group, the mean PPD reduction was 3.7 +/- 1.4 mm (p<0.001) and the mean CAL gain measured 1.7 +/- 1.5 mm (p<0.01). All 4 treatments led to statistically significant PPD reduction and CAL gain. All three regenerative treatments led to higher CAL gain than the control treatment (p<0.05). No statistical significant differences in PPD reduction and CAL gain were observed between the three regenerative treatments. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that (a) all 3 regenerative treatment modalities may lead to higher CAL gain than the control one, and (b) the combined treatment does not seem to improve the outcome of the regenerative procedure.
Optimizing probabilistic reserve in large power systems

In this paper, a probabilistic methodology for optimizing the spinning reserve requirements is proposed. The spinning reserve amount is determined by minimizing the total cost which includes operating cost, reserve cost and expected interruption cost. The optimization procedure is implemented in two steps: firstly, an approximated schedule can be computed based on simplified probabilities and reduced contingency events; secondly, the optimization is implemented again based on the approximated schedule. A more accurate result can be achieved through the two-step process.
Dissonance-Based Interventions for Substance Using Alternative High School Youth

This article describes an innovative new intervention tailored to older youth who are already abusing drugs, but who are not diagnostically ready for treatment. The basic tenet of this intervention is to utilise adolescents engaged in drug use as ‘experts’ in the prevention curriculum adaptation activity. This activity then serves as a mechanism for their dissonance-based change. This process is designed to intervene with drug abusing youth prior to their development of substance dependence. The community-based design grew from a United States federally funded NIDA project (National Institute of Drug Abuse Mentored Research Scientist Award) which found that the youth who conduct programme adaptations were effectively engaged, animatedly discussing the payoffs and downsides of drug and alcohol abuse. It is maintained through this research that dissonance between their role of ‘Preventionist’ and their own substance abuse behaviours lead to shifts in attitudes and behaviours. Dissonance-based interventions have been successfully utilised for positive behavioural change with a variety of disorders, but have not yet been implemented with substance abusing youth. Findings of pilot research are shared along with implications for future research and interventions.