Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unusual Infections Complicating the Use of Steroids with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: Report of 2 Cases

Corticosteroid therapy for acute alcoholic hepatitis has been demonstrated to enhance survival in patients who are encephalopathic, and who do not have renal failure or gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the complications of steroid therapy in such patients have been less well documented. The authors report two patients with alcoholic liver disease who developed life-threatening infections after steroid therapy was started. The first patient initially developed diabetes followed by Fournier's gangrene of the perineum, and a lung abscess following septic emboli. The second patient had established alcoholic cirrhosis rather than alcoholic hepatitis. She developed a necrotic ulcer on the arm at the site of an intravenous line, which was infected with a rhizopus species. Despite surgical debridement the lesion progressed and contributed to her death. Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with steroids is not innocuous, and physicians should be aware of the potential for life-threatening complications.
Schooling of Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Family and School Perspectives

Abstract Educational policies aimed at school inclusion have led to an increased enrollment of students with special education needs (SEN) in mainstream schools and, as a result, there is an increase in transfers from specialized institutions to mainstream schools. This study analyzed the perspectives of school professionals and family members on school transfers of students with intellectual disabilities (ID). Six family members and ten school professionals participated in the study. All attended semi-structured interviews, whose analysis allowed us to identify five thematic axes: teacher training; lack of preparation and information; lack of supports; lack of preparation for transfer; expectations regarding the ID student, mainly concerning behavioral characteristics, learning and performance. Results confirm data from research on the implementation of special education in inclusive environments, indicating that teachers’, managers’ and families’ conceptions of inclusion depend on the severity of the student’s disability, and on the skills and attitudes of the professionals.
Relationship of nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes, and nursing interventions for patient care in intensive care units

The purpose of the study was to identify NANDA I diagnoses, NOC outcomes, and NIC interventions used in nursing care plans for ICU patient care and determi n the factors which influenced the change of the NOC outcome scores. This study wa s a retrospective and descriptive study using clinical data extracted from the electronic patient records of a large acute care hospital in the Midwest. Frequency a nalysis, oneway ANOVA analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were u sed to analyze the data. A total of 578 ICU patient records between March 25, 2010 and May 31, 2010 were used for the analysis. Eighty one NANDA I diagnoses, 79 NOC outcomes , and 90 NIC interventions were identified in the nursing care plans. Acute Pain Pain Level Pain Management was the most frequently used NNN linkage. The examined differences in each ICU provide knowledge about care plan sets that may be useful. When the NIC interventions and NOC outcomes used in the actual ICU nursing care plans were compared with core interventions and outcomes for critical care nursing suggest ed by experts, the core lists could be expanded. Several factors contributing to the cha ng in the five common NOC outcome scores were identified: the number of NANDA I diagnos es, ICU length of stay, gender, and ICU type. The results of this study provided valuable information for the knowledge development in ICU patient care. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of NANDA I, NOC, and NIC used in nursing care plans of the EHR. The study shows that the use of these three terminologies encourages interoperability, and reuse of the data for quality improvement or effectiveness studies.
The association between self-report of orofacial pain symptoms with age, gender, interference in activities, and socioeconomic factors surveyed in Indonesian community health centers

Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, Paediatric and Child Health Department, Westmead Children’s Hospital, University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia, and Community of Oral Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Extending the Boundaries of Supply Chain Transparency: Supplier Monitoring Activity Disclosure, Consumer Evaluations, and Brand Equity

Socially responsible policy makers and consumers are pressuring firms to make their supply chains more transparent by disclosing information about their supplier monitoring activities (SMA). Yet, high monitoring costs and the complexity of supply chains pose challenges for firms to effectively monitor their extended supply chain, including both first-tier and lower-tier suppliers. In order to comprehensively evaluate the net benefit from SMA, it is therefore critical to consider potential effects on drivers of additional revenues that may accrue from the disclosure of SMA to consumers. Prior research on SMA has examined the associated cost, risk, and supplier relational implications on the focal firm. I examine the effect of supply chain transparency by means of a firm’s SMA disclosure on consumer evaluations through a series of experiments and sentiment analysis of social media data. Further, I study the effect of SMA disclosures on a firm’s brand equity via content analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Specifically, I investigate the effects of (1) mere disclosure of SMA, (2) the breadth of SMA, the depth of SMA, and the specific mechanism used to monitor lower-tier suppliers, and (3) the interactions between issue involvement, SMA disclosure, and SMA characteristics on consumer evaluations. The results reveal that (1) the disclosure of SMA information improves individual-level consumer evaluations, consumer sentiment, and organizational-level brand equity; (2) SMA characteristics including breadth, depth, and monitoring mechanism each have effects on consumer evaluations; and (3) consumers’ CSR involvement plays an important role in strengthening the relationship between firms’ SMA disclosures and evaluations. This work makes several important contributions to several literature streams including the CSR literature, the supply chain transparency literature, and the sustainable supplier management literature. This research also provides motivation and guidance for practitioners that engage in or are considering SMA by highlighting SMA disclosure as a means for firms to boost consumer evaluations. Further, for firms that strive to achieve supply chain transparency through SMA disclosures, results show that not only is it critical to understand what to disclose, but also to whom to disclose. TABLE OF CONTENT
Experimentation and Appropriability in Early-Stage Ventures: Evidence from the Software Industry

This study examines the tension between learning and appropriability in the experimentation process of early-stage ventures. I argue that, when formal intellectual property is weak, the learning benefits of experimentation may be offset by its imitation risks. I test this argument on a hand- collected dataset of 1,203 US-based software ventures, exploiting the software release life cycle terminology to measure experimentation and the 2014 US Supreme Court decision Alice Corp v CLS Bank International as a negative shock to patent protection. Following the ruling, the affected ventures are less likely to engage in experimentation. Consistent with the theory, this effect is stronger for ventures facing low uncertainty and high competition. Furthermore, the affected ventures launch earlier and do not appear to perform worse.
The impact of implementing a sudden infant death syndrome education package in Jordan

i Acknowledgments . xi Use of Thesis . xii Declaration . xiii Abbreviations . xiv 1. Chapter One Introduction . 15 1.1 BACKGROUND . 16 1.1.1 SIDS and risk factors . 16 1.1.2 SIDS and prevention recommendations . 17 1.1.3 SIDS in developed countries versus developing countries. 18 1.2 JORDAN . 15 1.2.1 Jordanian community and infant care practice . 20 1.3 INFLUENCE OF RELIGION, CULTURE AND ENVIROMENT ON SIDS PREVENTION EDUCATION . 22 1.4 THE JORDANIAN REGION BEING STUDIED . 28 1.5 PROBLEM STATMENT . 29 1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES . 31 1.7 SUMMARY . 32 2. Chapter Two Literature Review . 33 2.1 SIDS HISTORY . 33 2.2 SIDS Risk factors and prevention recommondations . 33 2.2.1 SIDS risk associated with pregnancy and relevant prevention recommendations 34 2.2.2 SIDS risks associated with infancy and relevant prevention recommendations 36 2.3 FAMILY SIDS EDUCATION PRACTICES . 43 2.3.1 SIDS risk prevention advice relevant and applicable to Jordan . 44 2.4 IMPROVING HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS’ ROLE IN FAMILY SIDS-EDUCATION 50 2.4. 1 Identifying the gap in SIDS knowledge and family SIDS-education practice among healthcare providers . 51 2.4. 2 Intervention targeted neonatal healthcare providers’ to enhance family SIDSeducation practices . 54 2.4. 3 Methods used in SIDS research . 57 2.4. 4 SIDS intervention campaigns in western countries . 58 2.5 THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK GUIDING THIS DISSERTATION . 59 2.6 CONCEPUTAL FRAMEWORK: BEHAVIOUR CHANGE THEORY . 60 2.7 STUDY SIGNIFICANCE . 61 2.8 RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 62 2.9 SUMMARY . 63 3. Chapter Three Methods. 64 3.1 STUDY SETTING. 66 3.2 STUDY DESIGN . 68 3.3 STUDY PARTICIPANTS AND DATA COLLECTION STEPS . 69 3.4 QUANTITATIVE STUDY INSTRUMENTS . 71 3.4. 1 Infant sleep positioning observation form . 72 3.4. 2 Neonatal healthcare providers’ survey-questionnaire . 73
Of Bulls and Bulbs: Aspirations and Perceptions of Rural Youth in Zambia

During the last years, policymakers and development-practitioners focused heavily on making farming more attractive for the rural youth in Africa. To reach this goal, different actions are proposed, often emphasizing the need for modern farming and information and communication technologies. These proposed actions are mostly based on anecdotes and prior policy beliefs, but not on empirical evidence since scientists have largely neglected this topic. This paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the aspirations and perceptions of young people and therefore to the formulation of policy actions that fit these aspirations. Two research methods were used to explore the aspirations and perceptions of rural youth: interviews and drawing exercises, a novel method in this context that allows for both a qualification and quantification of aspirations. The results show that rural youth have very diverse opinions and aspirations. In contrast to the literature, young people were found to reflect carefully about the positive and negative sides of farming, rural and urban life, and of foreign countries. Imagining their future farm, young people mostly envisioned using draught animals and having electricity (which explaining the reference to bulls and bulbs in the title of this paper). In addition, the young people aspired to greater farm diversity and applying more fertilizer. Few respondents mentioned the use of modern technologies such as tractors, and none mentioned ICTs. While it is difficult to generalize our results, the findings suggest that policymakers and development-practitioners need to pay more attention to the actual aspirations of the rural youth to avoid well-intended but misguided policies.
Informed Bank Debt and Stock Returns

We document that private debt contains value-relevant nonpublic information with significant economic value. Abnormal loan spreads significantly predict firms’ future operating performance and uncertainty measures. Equity analysts and investors are not privy to banks’ private information. Firms with higher abnormal loan spreads experience more negative earnings surprises over the next several quarters. Their stocks underperform on average by about 0.5% per month with no reversals in longer horizons. This result is concentrated among loans associated with better borrower-lender relationship, indicating that relationship banking facilitates valuable information acquisition. The abnormal loan spreads also negatively predict stock returns of borrowers’ peer firms. JEL Classifications: G12, G20.
The teacher–student relationship and adolescents’ sense of school belonging

ABSTRACT In adolescence, humans begin to establish their adult identities. Their teachers are important in this development, but increasing work and accountability demands on teachers mean teacher–student relations suffer, negatively impacting adolescents’ sense of school belonging and behavioural, psychological, and academic development. We used ecological systems theory to study affect, power, and reciprocity dimensions of the student–teacher relationship at school level in the United Arab Emirates. Observations and semi-structured interviews with female eleventh-graders and their teachers showed that adolescents believed teachers tried their best, but their lecture-based teaching style was boring, and that teachers rarely engaged students in group work or considered their opinions. Additionally, not all teachers supported or respected students. Teacher–student power imbalance exacerbated these issues and led students to disobey or skip classes. Relationships based on care, trust, respect, affect, openness, and cooperation can foster student achievement, identity development, and school belonging and teacher accountability.
The effects of nutrition rehabilitation at three family life training centres in Central Province, Kenya

During the course of 1978, the three Family Life Training Centres studied admitted 273 women accompanied by 674 children. Women with malnourished children (and their siblings) are admitted to these centres for a 3-week course consisting primarily of nutrition and health education, but also covering good housekeeping and agriculture. During their stay mothers are taught to prepare a balanced diet from local foods to treat their children's condition. A group of 61 mothers and 94 children were interviewed and examined at admission, at discharge and at their homes, six months afterwards. A control group consisting of 100 mothers and 147 children drawn from two rural areas were interviewed and examined twice over the same period. The study concentrated on: (a) socio-economic circumstances; (b) nutritional knowledge; (c) maternal food preferences; (d) food consumption of the children; and (e) nutritional status and progress of the children. It was found that the nutritional knowledge and preferences of the women admitted to the centres were no less than that of other rural Kikuyu women, and it appeared that malnutrition is related more to adverse socio-economic circumstances than to ignorance
Vocational education and training in Finland : short description

EN The main aim of Finnish education policy is to give equal opportunities to everyone regardless of their social background, domicile, gender or ethnic background. Arrangements for vocational education and training are flexible and take into account individual needs. VET provision is based on decentralised decision-making. Local and regional education and training providers have the freedom to focus training provision according to local needs within the national framework. There are no dead-ends in the formal education system in Finland; initial vocational education and training also provides eligibility for higher education studies. All vocational upper secondary programmes take three years, including a practical training period of at least six months. Qualifications can be completed in the form of school-based education and training or apprenticeship training. Since the early 1990s, vocational training for adults has been moving towards a competence-based qualification system. Lifelong learning in Finland is understood as a wide supply of training for basic vocational skills and open opportunities for further studies.
The Impact of Local Dependencies on Some LSAT Outcomes. Statistical Report. LSAC Research Report Series.

This study explored the impact of various degrees of violations of the item response theory (IRT) local independence assumption on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) calibration and score distribution estimates. Initially, results from the LSAT and two other tests were investigated to determine the approximate state of local item dependence (LID) found in actual test data. Yen's Q3 statistic (W. Yen, 1984) was used for this purpose. Based on these analyses, four levels of LID were defined and associated data sets generated. Estimates from the simulated data were compared to their corresponding LSAT generating values in order to analyze the effects of the LID on IRT calibration and score distribution estimates. Results indicate that LID causes low scores to be underestimated and high scores to be overestimated. Effects on item and ability parameter and test characteristic curve estimation were clearly demonstrated. Score distributions were also markedly changed by the introduction of LID. The effects observed were mainly problematic for high LID levels. Deficiencies in Yen's Q3 statistic were also observed. (Contains 10 figures, 16 tables, and 32 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. LSAC RESEARCH REPORT SERIES PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
School quality and the performance of disadvantaged learners in South Africa

In South Africa, school quality within the public school system is heterogeneous and highly stratified along race, socio-economic status and geographic location. Because of the lingering effect of racial segregation, schools which historically served the white minority and accordingly received a much higher endowment of inputs are still out-performing schools which historically served the black population, 20 years after the end of apartheid. Under-privileged black children who select into these former white schools are typically from richer households than their counterparts who remain in the former black part of the school system, although significantly poorer than their white peers. In this paper, I use longitudinal data from the National School Effectiveness Study which collected test scores and background information on children in grades 3, 4 and 5 in both school systems in order to estimate the effect of attending a historically white school on the numeracy and literacy scores of black children. The models are estimated using a value-added approach in order to control for unobserved child-specific heterogeneity in the form of individual ability by controlling for lagged test scores. In addition, the various household covariates available in the data are used to control for household-level differences among children. I find a slightly larger effect for attending a former white school in South Africa than has previously been estimated for private schools in India and Pakistan and assess the validity of the estimates using various robustness checks. I also discuss the potential bias which may remain.
Long-term mentoring for disadvantaged young people

Objectives: Youth mentoring involves a supportive relationship between a youth and a volunteer adult with the aim of promoting a range of positive developmental outcomes. The predominant paradigm in mentoring research involves large-N, pre- post designs. The present study examined a small number of child-mentor pairs over time in order to gain a more detailed understanding of patterns of change. Method: A multiple case, longitudinal design was used, looking in depth at four children, aged 9 to 10 years. Data were collected at regular intervals over the first 15 months of the mentoring relationship from the child, their mother, and their mentor, using self-report measures of key domains of psychosocial functioning. The quality of the mentoring relationship was also measured. Results: At baseline, all four children were functioning in the clinical range in at least one domain. Two of the children reported modest improvement over the course of the mentoring relationship, with reliable changes occurring mostly in the behavioural domains; however, this improvement was not reflected in the data provided by the parent. The scores for the other two children, as reported both by themselves and their mothers, were relatively stable over the 15 month period. Conclusions: The wider literature suggests that more consistent improvements would have been expected; it may be that 15 months was not long enough for the influence of mentoring to be borne. A multiple case design offers a detailed view of patterns of change, providing the opportunity to identify potential moderating factors for particular individuals, which could improve the theoretical understanding of mentoring as well as its practical application. Further research using this paradigm could help define the role that mentoring should play within the helping services and which children would benefit most.
Identity, migration, community cohesion and healthcare : a study of overseas-trained South Asian doctors in England and Wales

Community cohesion in Britain has been an issue of policy concern in recent years in which the role of migrants in the UK has been scrutinised in terms of their sense of belonging, integration and their economic and social contribution to society. However, much of the existing literature, in this area relates to the experiences of low/unskilled labour migrants. This thesis redresses this imbalance and examines the experiences of overseas-trained South Asian doctors. It provides unique insights into the debates about integration, cultural identity and community cohesion based on an empirical study of overseas-trained South Asian General Practitioners who are elite migrants.A mixed method approach was employed that included secondary data analysis of the GP Workforce Statistics and in-depth interviews with 27 overseas-trained South Asian doctors in three different geographical locales in England with varying ethnic populations.The quantitative analysis shows that a significant and increasing proportion of NHS doctors continue to be overseas-trained South Asian doctors. It also provides evidence of geographical clustering with South Asian doctors being over represented in deprived areas with high and low ethnic minority concentrations. The case studies and interviews with the GPs reveal a complex intertwining of macro-, micro- and meso- structures in the migratory process, related, in part, to the legacy of empire and also to the inner workings and opportunities provided by an organisation such as the NHS. In order to overcome blocked social mobility within the NHS hospital structure, entry into General Practice appears to be an entrepreneurial step for overseas-trained South Asian doctors, also facilitated by regional NHS institutional structures like Primary Care Trusts. Evidence shows that doctors have integrated their cultural/religious values creatively in their adaptation to Britain importing innovation into their everyday experiences.The findings show that there are parallels to be drawn with the experiences of low/unskilled South Asians, in particular, in the area of structural integration. However, there is variation as to how these elite professionals approach issues related to socio-cultural integration thus adding a new dimension to our existing understanding of community cohesion in the UK.