Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Less Bang for the Buck? Assessing the Role of Inflation Uncertainty for U.S. Monetary Policy Transmission in a Data Rich Environment

We investigate the relationship between inflation uncertainty and monetary policy transmission in the U.S. economy. Monetary policy shocks are identified within the framework of nonlinear structural factor-augmented VARs which allow us to analyze several complementary hypotheses connecting IU with reduced monetary policy effectiveness. We find that the real effects of monetary policy shocks are markedly dampened conditional on high IU. This can be traced back to, inter alia, real-option and precautionary savings effects which distort the traditional interest rate channel. Moreover, policy transmission through the external finance premium and the term structure of interest rates appears strongly dependent on inflation uncertainty and contributes to the reduced policy effectiveness.
Molluscum Contagiosum: An Update.

BACKGROUND Molluscum contagiosum is a viral cutaneous infection in childhood that occurs worldwide. Physicians should familiarize themselves with this common condition. OBJECTIVE To review in depth the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications and, in particular, treatment of molluscum contagiosum. METHODS A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "molluscum contagiosum". Patents were searched using the key term "molluscum contagiosum" from www.google. com/patents, http: //espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline. com. RESULTS Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a poxvirus of the Molluscipox genus. Preschool and elementary school-aged children are more commonly affected. The virus is transmitted by close physical contact, autoinoculation, and fomites. Typically, molluscum contagiosum presents as asymptomatic, discrete, smooth, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication from which a plug of cheesy material can be expressed. Some authors suggest watchful waiting of the lesions.Many authors suggest active treatment of lesions for cosmetic reasons or concerns of transmission and autoinoculation. Active treatments may be mechanical (e.g. cryotherapy, curettage, pulsed dye laser therapy), chemical (e.g. cantharidin, potassium hydroxide, podophyllotoxin, benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin, trichloroacetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid), immune-modulating (e.g. imiquimod, interferon-alpha, cimetidine) and anti-viral (e.g. cidofovir). Recent patents related to the management of molluscum contagiosum are also retrieved and discussed. These patents comprise of topical compositions and herbal Chinese medicine with limited documentation of their efficacy. CONCLUSION The choice of treatment method should depend on the physician's comfort level with the various treatment options, the patient's age, the number and severity of lesions, location of lesions, and the preference of the child/parents. In general, physical destruction of the lesion, in particular, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen and chemical destruction with cantharidin are the methods of choice for the majority of patients.
Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Biomass Growth and Species Diversity among Various Grassland Types of the Tibetan Plateau

Livestock grazing is an important determinant of species diversity and plant growth. Overgrazing is identified as one of the most important disturbances resulting in grassland degradation. Although many restoration practices have been implemented, grazing exclusion is one of the most effective methods to restore degraded grasslands. We explored the impact of five years of grazing exclusion on plant growth and species diversity in four types of grasslands: temperate steppe (TS), swamp meadow (SM), alpine steppe (AS), and alpine meadow (AM). Our results showed that grazing exclusion increased plant height, coverage, biomass, and species diversity in all four grasslands. The aboveground biomass in AM (180.8%), TS (117.3%), and SW (105.9%) increased significantly more than AS (10.1%). Grazing exclusion in AM had the greatest effect on proportion of palatable species, and the increase in palatable species in AM was higher than that of the other grassland types significantly. Species diversity increased significantly within the enclosure in SM (23.9%) and AM (20.8%). Our results indicate that grazing exclusion is an effective management strategy to restore degraded grasslands and it works best in alpine meadow. This study contributes to the growing theoretical basis for grassland management strategies and has a significant effect on sustainable development for grassland resources and pastoral areas.
Advocate Old wine in new bottles: policing and the lessons of pulling levers

Introduction Pity the poor soul who, ten years ago, would have predicted that hard-core street cops would be making a practice of sitting down with serious violent offenders and telling them politely to cease and desist. Yet, increasingly, that is what cops are doing: and, more to the point, doing successfully. The “pulling levers” strategies piloted in Boston in the mid-1990s and implemented since then in a range of other jurisdictions are racking up impressive results in preventing violent crimes. From one vantage, these strategies are innovative, sometimes bordering on the bizarre, as in the face-to-face meetings between authorities and offenders that many rely upon. From another, they are really very traditional, relying on old and simple ideas about offenders and their motivations, and about authorities and their powers, and how the latter can influence the former. Old and new meet in the design of the strategies, where ivory-tower research methods rely on the street savvy of front-line cops; in images of offenders, where very traditional and concrete ideas about serious crime meet new and abstract notions; in the partnerships that carry out the work, where traditional actors do some very traditional things in significantly new ways; and in the underlying logic of the strategies, which seeks to do something entirely old-fashioned – deter crime – in a strikingly original way. Pulling levers strategies are one fruit of the problem-oriented policing movement.
DAILY HEMODIALYSIS—SELECTED TOPICS: Reducing Hemodialysis Costs: Conventional and Quotidian Home Hemodialysis in Canada

The cost of hemodialysis is a concern as the prevalence of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) increases. While home hemodialysis has been described as less expensive than in‐center hemodialysis, the proportion of patients performing home hemodialysis has been declining. In Canada, there is increasing interest in daily (or quotidian) forms of home hemodialysis, such as nocturnal hemodialysis and short daily hemodialysis. We reviewed the recent Canadian experience with the costs of these modalities and identified four descriptive costing studies: two whole‐program comparisons of home conventional hemodialysis and unmatched in‐center hemodialysis patients, and two comparing quotidian home hemodialysis and matched in‐center hemodialysis patients. All costs are listed as per patient‐year in 2003 U.S. dollars. In the two whole‐program analyses, conventional home hemodialysis was less expensive than in‐center hemodialysis ($36,840 versus $100,198 [p < 0.001] and $34,466 versus $58,959 [p < 0.001]). Reductions in categories such as staffing and overhead are likely due to the modality, while reductions in medications and hospital admissions may be due to differences in the patient mix. The savings for quotidian home hemodialysis are significant, but less striking. In the two matched analyses, nocturnal hemodialysis cost less than in‐center hemodialysis ($48,656 versus $59,476 [p = 0.006]), and costs decreased by $8,046 in those converted to short daily hemodialysis and by $14,341 in those converted to nocturnal hemodialysis, while increasing by $2,521 in those who remained on in‐center hemodialysis. Home conventional hemodialysis is less expensive than in‐center hemodialysis. Much of these savings are lost when dialysis frequency increases; however, quotidian home hemodialysis remains less expensive than in‐center hemodialysis.
What do you want?

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The impact of genetic and environmental factors on homocysteine levels in preterm neonates

Hyperhomocysteinemia may be associated with vascular complications in adults. Whereas pediatric thrombosis risk peaks in neonates, data on homocysteine (Hcy) levels assessed in term and preterm infants during the perinatal period are scarce. In the present study, we aimed to establish Hcy reference values for preterm infants and study their potential associations with the early post‐natal health status. Plasma Hcy and hematocrit levels and MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C substitution) were studied in a large cohort of preterm infants in a tertiary referral medical center during an 18‐month period. Data were collected on maternal history and delivery as well as on post‐natal complications.
Application of bisexuality research to the development of a set of guidelines for intervention efforts to reduce binegativity.

Binegativity (the stigmatization of bisexuality) from both heterosexual and lesbian/gay populations remains a prevalent and pervasive form of discrimination. Due to the unique content of binegativity, the invisibility of bisexuality in society, and the dual sources of binegativity from heterosexual and lesbian/gay populations, bisexual individuals experience distinct forms of stigmatization not experienced by lesbian women/ gay men and have less access to supportive buffers from either community against minority stress. These differences between bisexuals’ and lesbian women’s/gay men’s experiences of minority stress are theorized to explain the higher mental health symptomatology, lower sexual identity disclosure, and lower positive sexual identity development among bisexuals compared to lesbian women/gay men. This article reviews the literature examining bisexuals’ experiences of minority stress and their effects on mental health and sexual identity development. Drawing on the broader prejudice reduction literature, we selectively review intergroup contact theory and multicultural theory as showing promise in their application to reduce binegativity via increasing positive intergroup contact and accurate information, respectively. We then propose a set of guidelines and suggestions for future research to develop interventions to reduce binegativity. Potential barriers to implementation are discussed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of somatic and germline DNA sequence biomarkers of esophageal cancer survival, therapy response and stage

Recent advances in next generation sequencing reinforce the potential for DNA sequence markers to guide esophageal cancer management. We report the first systematic review and meta-analysis, identifying 94 markers of outcome and 41 of stage. Overall, evidence was poor. Meta-analyses demonstrated outcome associations for 6 tumor and 9 germline variants: priorities for prospective evaluation.
Examining occupational stress, sources of stress and stress management strategies through the eyes of management consultants: a multiple correspondence analysis for latent constructs.

To date, little research has yet focused in broad assessment for management consultancy professionals. This investigation aims to analyse management consultants' self-perceptions of occupational stress (SPoOS), sources of stress (SoS) and stress management strategies (SMS) and to find latent constructs that can work as major determinants in consultants' conceptualization of SPoOS, SoS and SMS. Measures were completed, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 39 management consultants, 53.8% male and aged between 23 and 56 years (M = 38.0; SD = 9.2). The data were subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analysed by a multiple correspondence analysis. Results indicated that 'intellectual disturber' (31.4%) was the most referred SPoOS, 'high workload' (15.1%) was identified as the most prevalent perceived SoS and 'coaching' (19.0%) was the most mentioned SMS. No significant differences between the two gender groups were found regarding the three total scores. SPoOS was explained by a two-factor model: 'organization-oriented' and 'person-oriented'. A three-dimension model formed by 'job concerns', 'organizational constraints' and 'career expectations' was indicated as a best-fit solution for SoS, and SMS was best explained in a three-dimension model by 'group dynamics strategies', 'organizational culture strategies' and 'individual support strategies'. This research makes a unique contribution for a better understanding of what defines SPoOS, SoS and SMS for management consultants.
Salmonella serovars along two beef chains in Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION Salmonella has been reported from foods and the food production environment, with outbreaks occurring in the human population worldwide. METHODOLOGY A survey on Salmonella in two beef production lines (a beef abattoir line and a processing line) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted, with a total of 668 various samples randomly collected from animal-related materials, the environment, and a beef product (mortadella). RESULTS Overall, a 12.9% prevalence (26.3% from the abattoir line, 5.3% from the processing plant line) was observed. The prevalence in the abattoir line environment (36.6%) was higher than that in animal-related samples (14.7%); the reverse was true for the processing plant line. Out of 86 isolates, 10 serovars were identified, and 8 remained unidentified. The predominant serotypes were S. Saintpaul (32.5%), S. Muenchen (19.8%), and S. Larochelle (12.8%). S. Kastrup and S. London were isolated for the first time in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS Data indicate open ports of entry for Salmonella, with possible transfer along the line. Further investigations from farm to fork are recommended in order to identify these positions of entry.
Activated Pulmonary Macrophages Are Insufficient for Resistance against Pneumocystis carinii

ABSTRACT CD4+ T cells are pivotal for elimination ofPneumocystis carinii from infected lungs, and alveolar macrophages are considered the main effector cells clearing the infected host of P. carinii organisms. To investigate this issue, several mutant mouse strains were used in a previously established experimental setup which facilitates natural acquisition of disease through inhalation of airborne fungal organisms. Mutant mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (Aβ−/−), T-cell receptor αβ cells (TCRβ−/−), or all mature T and B lymphocytes (RAG-1−/−) were naturally susceptible to P. carinii, whereas mouse mutants lacking the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) receptor (IFN-γ-R−/−) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) type I receptor (p55) (TNF-α-RI−/−) resisted disease acquisition. Analysis of pulmonary cytokine patterns and free radical expression revealed the presence of superoxide, nitric oxide, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) mRNA and elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 in diseased TCRβ−/− and RAG-1−/− mice. Pulmonary macrophages of all diseased mouse mutants expressed scavenger and mannose receptors. Morbid Aβ−/− mutants displayed significant NO levels and IL-1 mRNA only, whereas heterozygous controls did not exhibit any signs of disease. Interestingly, neither IFN-γ nor TNF-α appeared to be essential for resisting natural infection with P. carinii, nor were these cytokines sufficient for mediating resistance during established disease in the absence of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Taken together, the results indicated that an activated phagocyte system, as evidenced by cytokine and NO secretion, in diseased mutants was apparently operative but did not suffice for parasite clearance in the absence of CD4+TCRαβ cells. Therefore, additional pathways, possibly involving interactions of inflammatory cytokines with CD4+ T lymphocytes, must contribute to successful resistance against P. carinii.
Homing of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to rat infarcted myocardium via ultrasound-mediated recombinant SDF-1α adenovirus in microbubbles

Stem cells can promote myocardial regeneration and accelerate the formation of new blood vessels. As such, transplanted stem cells represent a promising treatment modality for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Stem cells spontaneously home to the infarcted myocardium using chemotaxis, in which the stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1α) has been shown to be one of the most important chemokines. However, spontaneously secreted SDF-1α is short-lived, and therefore does not meet the needs of tissue repair. In this study, adenoviruses carrying SDF-1α genes were loaded on microbubble carriers and the adenoviruses were released into AMI rats by ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction. The possibility of in vivo self-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by overexpression of SDF-1α in the infarcted myocardium was explored by detecting the number of BMSCs homing from the peripheral blood to the myocardial infarcts. The concentration of SDF-1α in peripheral blood was significantly higher after transfection, and the number of BMSCs was significantly higher in the peripheral blood and infarcted area. Further analyses indicated that the number of homing BMSCs increased with increased SDF-1α expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that ultrasound mediated transduction of exogenous SDF-1α genes into myocardial infarcted AMI rats can effectively promote the homing of endogenous BMSCs into the heart. Moreover, the number of homing stem cells was controlled by the level of SDF-1α expression.
Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Whalley HC, Papmeyer M, Sprooten E, Lawrie SM, Sussmann JE, McIntosh AM. Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 411–431. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Changes in the prevalence of major depression and comorbid substance use disorders in the United States between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002.

OBJECTIVE The authors examined changes in the prevalence of major depression in the United States between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002 and sought to determine whether changes in depression rates were associated with changes in rates of comorbid substance use disorder. METHOD Data were drawn from two large (Ns exceeding 42,000) cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of the U.S. population conducted 10 years apart. Both surveys used face-to-face interviews, the same diagnostic criteria, and consistent assessment instruments. Rates of past-year major depressive episode in the total samples and among subjects with and without co-occurring substance use disorders in major demographic groups were compared. RESULTS From 1991-1992 to 2001-2002, the prevalence of major depression among U.S. adults increased from 3.33% to 7.06%. Increases were statistically significant for whites, blacks, and Hispanics and for all age groups. For Hispanic men overall and Hispanic women 18-29 years of age, rates increased but not significantly. The hypothesis that increases in the rates of depression could be explained by concomitant increases in co-occurring substance use disorders was supported only for black men 18-29 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Rates of major depression rose markedly over the past decade in the United States, and increases were noted for most sociodemographic subgroups of the population. If the prevalence continues to increase at the rate it did during the past decade, the demand for services will increase dramatically in the coming years.
Renovascular hypertension: Effects of mesenchymal stem cells in the contralateral hypertensive kidney in rats

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced neovascularization and improved renal morphology of the stenotic kidney in 2 kidneys-1 clip (2K-1C) model of renovascular hypertension. The present study evaluated the effects of MSC in the contralateral hypertensive kidney. Three weeks after left renal artery occlusion, MSC were injected into the tail vein of the 2K-1C rats. Renal function and morphology were analyzed in both kidneys. Labeled MSC were found in stenotic and contralateral kidneys. Hypertensive 2K-1C animals presented increased circulating levels of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and renin. MSC prevented the progressive increase of blood pressure and reduced circulating Ang II and renin levels. Stenotic kidney showed reduced renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas the contralateral kidney had a tendency (p > 0.5) of reduction in GFR in spite of unchanged RPF. MSC treatment caused an improvement in GFR with no effect of on RPF in the stenotic kidney. Contralateral kidney showed increased diuresis and natriuresis that were even higher in MSC-treated animals, indicating that cell treatment improved the capacity of the contralateral kidney to excrete sodium. Contralateral kidney expressed higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and signs of fibrosis, which were attenuated by MSC treatment. MSC treatment improved the stenotic kidney function, and it was also beneficial to the contralateral hypertensive kidney because it improved the morphology and preserved its capacity to excrete sodium.
Analysis of pediatric all-terrain vehicle trauma data in Middle Tennessee: Implications for injury prevention

BACKGROUND Trauma registries capture data about injuries that can be used to objectively guide injury prevention initiatives. This article analyzes trauma registry data to describe the nature and distribution of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) injuries in Middle Tennessee. A community injury prevention effort, based on this analysis, is also presented. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data (2007–2009) from the trauma registry of a Level I pediatric trauma center in Middle Tennessee was conducted. Patients younger than 16 years with ATV-related injuries were included in the analysis (n = 163). The key variables examined were demographics, injury severity, helmet use, injury mechanism, length of stay, and patient’s county of residence. In addition, Geographic Information Systems software was used to examine the distribution of injuries and graphically represent counties with highest injury rates in the youth population. RESULTS ATV injuries were more prevalent among boys than girls (66% vs. 34%; p < 0.001). Approximately 64% of the ATV injuries were in the age group 10 years to 15 years. Most injuries were either moderately severe (44%) or severe (30%). Injury mechanism varied by age; younger children experienced more rollovers while older children tended to be injured from ejections (p < 0.05). Helmet use was low (33%). Data from this study suggest that helmet use resulted in fewer injuries to the head, neck, and face. Counties with high rates of ATV injuries were targeted for ATV training programs. 4-H agents trained by the ATV Safety Institute provided ATV training classes. CONCLUSION Rural youth are clearly at greater risk for ATV injuries than urban populations. Young ATV riders are often self-taught and lack the knowledge to ride ATVs safely. Organizations such as the 4-H, provide effective injury prevention outreach. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.