Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cardiac Contusion in Isolated Perfused Rat Hearts

Myocardial contusion is frequently suspected after blunt chest trauma, but the exact mechanisms of resulting cardiac dysfunction and the time course for enzymatic alterations have not yet been fully understood. Therefore, we investigated pathophysiological aspects of myocardial contusion in a controlled animal model. Male Wistar rat hearts were studied in an isolated perfusion model and were divided into two groups: control (n = 4) and heart contusion (n = 6) groups. The cardiac contusion was produced by a single blow with a weighted pendulum (m = 44 g, height = 20 cm). Functional implications of the contusion were examined in an “isolated perfused heart” model. Troponin 1 concentrations were determined in the perfusate. Cardiac contusion resulted in an increase of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) of 9 mmHg (P < 0.05, 20 min postcontusion versus baseline and control), followed by a significant increase of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of 6 mmHg (P < 0.05, 20 min postcontusion versus baseline and control). Heart contusion was followed by an early increase of troponin 1 (+0.82 ng/mL). The troponin 1 concentration decreased again and, after 20 min, baseline levels were reached. The control group showed no such changes. In this model, high troponin1 levels after cardiac contusion suggest direct damage to the myocardium. First functional response was shown by the alteration of the coronary perfusion, followed by impaired diastolic function, which persisted even after lowering of the troponin 1 levels.
Phaseless pilots for OFDM

PAPR reduction and efficient channel estimation are one of the main challenges for multicarrier systems. Common approaches use pilot sequences to estimate the channel at the receiver and to compensate the PAPR at the transmitter. But these approaches need full knowledge of the pilots at the receiver. Here, we present an alternative phaseless pilot scheme such that the receiver does not need knowledge of the pilot phases. Therefore, pilot phases can be used now to compensate for each transmitted data signal the PAPR optimally. Hence, our new PAPR reduction scheme is adaptive. We establish a new method were channel estimation based on phaseless pilots is accomplished with a phase retrieval approach from suitable chosen magnitude measurements. Even more we use compressed sensing methods for estimation by exploiting the sparse nature of the channel impulse response. We can show that a significant gain in (uncoded) bit error rate can be obtained in amplitude-constrained channels as compared to classical pilot-aided schemes such as Zadoff-Chu pilot sequences.
Inactivation of σE and σG in Clostridium acetobutylicum Illuminates Their Roles in Clostridial-Cell-Form Biogenesis, Granulose Synthesis, Solventogenesis, and Spore Morphogenesis

ABSTRACT Central to all clostridia is the orchestration of endospore formation (i.e., sporulation) and, specifically, the roles of differentiation-associated sigma factors. Moreover, there is considerable applied interest in understanding the roles of these sigma factors in other stationary-phase phenomena, such as solvent production (i.e., solventogenesis). Here we separately inactivated by gene disruption the major sporulation-specific sigma factors, σE and σG, and performed an initial analysis to elucidate their roles in sporulation-related morphogenesis and solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum. The terminal differentiation phenotype for the sigE inactivation mutant stalled in sporulation prior to asymmetric septum formation, appeared vegetative-like often with an accumulation of DNA at both poles, frequently exhibited two longitudinal internal membranes, and did not synthesize granulose. The sigE inactivation mutant did produce the characteristic solvents (i.e., butanol and acetone), but the extent of solventogenesis was dependent on the physiological state of the inoculum. The sigG inactivation mutant stalled in sporulation during endospore maturation, exhibiting engulfment and partial cortex and spore coat formation. Lastly, the sigG inactivation mutant did produce granulose and exhibited wild-type-like solventogenesis.
Effect of experimental diabetes on the activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and catecholamines in rat erythrocytes of different ages.

Hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assayed in various circulating age fractions i.e., young, middle-aged and old red cell from control, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. An increase in the activity of hexokinase was observed in three age-wise separated fractions of red cells from diabetic animals in comparison to control. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on the other hand decreased in separated ageing fractions of diabetic red cells when compared to control. Reversal of these two enzymes were observed in insulin-treated diabetic rats. The levels of glycosylated haemoglobin and catecholamines were found to increase with ageing red cells in controls and also increased in red cells plasma.
Perceptual style and ball skill acquisition.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceptual style (field dependence-independence) as measured by the portable rod and frame test and the learning of a ball catching task for three viewing time treatments. Two groups of subjects (N = 45) who satisfied the criteria for field dependence-independence were subdivided and randomly assigned to one of the three viewing time treatments. There were 15 subjects from each of the perceptual style classifications in each of the 150, 250, and 350 millisecond viewing time treatments. The hypothesis of a relationship between perceptual style and learning on the ball catching task was upheld for two of the viewing time treatments (150 and 250 milliseconds). The field independent subjects demonstrated a significantly greater rate and amount of learning than the field dependent subjects for these viewing time treatments. Both field dependent and field independent subjects demonstrated statistically significant improvements in learn.
USP1–UAF1 deubiquitinase complex stabilizes TBK1 and enhances antiviral responses

Optimal activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is crucial for initiation of innate antiviral immunity and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Although several E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reported to regulate TBK1 activation by mediating its polyubiquitination, the functions of deubiquitinase on TBK1 activity remain largely unclear. Here, we identified a deubiquitinase complex, which is formed by ubiquitin specific peptidase 1 (USP1) and USP1-associated factor 1 (UAF1), as a viral infection–induced physiological enhancer of TBK1 expression. USP1–UAF1 complex enhanced TLR3/4 and RIG-I–induced IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation and subsequent IFN-&bgr; secretion. Mechanistically, USP1 and UAF1 bound to TBK1, removed its K48-linked polyubiquitination, and then reversed the degradation process of TBK1. Furthermore, we found that ML323, a specific USP1–UAF1 inhibitor, attenuated IFN-&bgr; expression and enhanced viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results outline a novel mechanism for the control of TBK1 activity and suggest USP1–UAF1 complex as a potential target for the prevention of viral diseases.
Neurophysiology not Required Before Surgery for Typical Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Sixty-eight patients with typical carpal tunnel syndrome underwent neurophysiological investigations preoperatively, but these were not assessed until the end of the study. Open carpal tunnel release was performed and the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome was considered as confirmed when there was a prompt resolution of the preoperative symptoms. Sixty-three of the 68 patients responded well to surgery, three had equivocal outcomes and two did not improve, and thus were considered not to have carpal tunnel syndrome. The neurophysiological tests were normal in these two patients, but were also normal in 14 of the 63 patients who improved with carpal tunnel surgery. Preoperative neurophysiology might therefore have led to up to 14 of the 63 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome being turned down for surgery. We conclude that neurophysiological studies contribute little to the diagnosis in typical cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, and are more often confounding than of assistance.
The Virtual Cook: Modeling Heat Transfer in the Kitchen

Physics and food go way back together. The eating of high‐energy, high‐protein animal flesh may well have made civilization and science possible, by providing adequate nourishment for the evolving, enlarging human brain. And prehistoric cooks were certainly among the world's first applied scientists. They transformed matter through the controlled application of thermal energy, turning tough, microbe‐ridden, bland animal flesh into softer, safer, more flavorful food.
Shp-1 Mediates the Antiproliferative Activity of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells*

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase activity required for cell migration/invasion associated with cancer progression and angiogenesis. TIMPs also modulate cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo independent of their matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory activity. Here, we show that TIMP-2 mediates G1 growth arrest in human endothelial cells through de novo synthesis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. TIMP-2-mediated inhibition of Cdk4 and Cdk2 activity is associated with increased binding of p27Kip1 to these complexes in vivo. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors or expression of a dominant negative Shp-1 mutant ablates TIMP-2 induction of p27Kip1. Finally, angiogenic responses to fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in “motheaten viable” Shp-1-deficient mice are resistant to TIMP-2 inhibition, demonstrating that Shp-1 is an important negative regulator of angiogenesis in vivo.
Does Measured Behavior Reflect STD Risk?: An Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Behavioral Intervention Study

Background: Many studies measure sex behavior to determine the efficacy of sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV prevention interventions. Goal: To determine how well measured behavior reflects STD incidence. Study Design: Data from a trial (Project RESPECT) were analyzed to compare behavior and incidence of STD (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV) during two 6‐month intervals. Results: A total of 2879 persons had 5062 six‐monthly STD exams and interviews; 8.9% had a new STD in 6 months. Incidence was associated with demographic factors but only slightly associated with number of partners and number of unprotected sex acts with occasional partners. Many behaviors had paradoxical associations with STD incidence. After combining behavior variables to compare persons with highest and lowest risk behaviors, the STD incidence ratio was only 1.7. Conclusion: Behavioral interventions have prevented STD. We found people tend to have safe sex with risky partners and risky sex with safe partners. Therefore, it is difficult to extrapolate the disease prevention efficacy of an intervention from a measured effect on behavior alone.
Identification of the Murine Coronavirus MP1 Cleavage Site Recognized by Papain-Like Proteinase 2

ABSTRACT The replicase polyprotein of murine coronavirus is extensively processed by three proteinases, two papain-like proteinases (PLPs), termed PLP1 and PLP2, and a picornavirus 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro). Previously, we established a trans-cleavage assay and showed that PLP2 cleaves the replicase polyprotein between p210 and membrane protein 1 (MP1) (A. Kanjanahaluethai and S. C. Baker, J. Virol. 74:7911-7921, 2000). Here, we report the results of our studies identifying and characterizing this cleavage site. To determine the approximate position of the cleavage site, we expressed constructs that extended various distances upstream from the previously defined C-terminal end of MP1. We found that the construct extending from the putative PLP2 cleavage site at glycine 2840-alanine 2841 was most similar in size to the processed MP1 replicase product generated in a trans-cleavage assay. To determine which amino acids are critical for PLP2 recognition and processing, we generated 14 constructs with amino acid substitutions upstream and downstream of the putative cleavage site and assessed the effects of the mutations in the PLP2 trans-cleavage assay. We found that substitutions at phenylalanine 2835, glycine 2839, or glycine 2840 resulted in a reduction in cleavage of MP1. Finally, to unequivocally identify this cleavage site, we isolated radiolabeled MP1 protein and determined the position of [35S]methionine residues released by Edman degradation reaction. We found that the amino-terminal residue of MP1 corresponds to alanine 2841. Therefore, murine coronavirus PLP2 cleaves the replicase polyprotein between glycine 2840 and alanine 2841, and the critical determinants for PLP2 recognition and processing occupy the P6, P2, and P1 positions of the cleavage site. This study is the first report of the identification and characterization of a cleavage site recognized by murine coronavirus PLP2 activity.
Polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia is a common practice with little basis in well-controlled studies. The objective of this report is to describe the changes in prescription practices with psychotropic medications for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in 1995 and 2000. METHOD The medical records of patients who were discharged from our facility in 1995 and 2000 with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM-IV criteria) were reviewed. The psychotropic medications at discharge were compared. The incidence of adverse drug reactions and indicators of patient outcome were also compared. RESULTS 459 records were reviewed for 1995 and 584 were reviewed for 2000. Patients discharged in 2000 were significantly more likely to receive antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, and multiple antipsychotics than patients discharged in 1995 (p < .0001). Patients discharged in 2000 were given significantly fewer anticholinergics (p < .0001). There was a large increase in the use of divalproex. No patients were discharged on treatment with more than 1 antipsychotic in 1995, whereas in 2000, 15.9% of patients were. The most common antipsychotic combination was haloperidol and olanzapine. Paralleling the increased use of polypharmacy, there were significantly fewer adverse drug reactions in 2000 than in 1995 (p = .002). In addition, patients with schizophrenia who were discharged in 2000 had significantly shorter lengths of stay (p < .0001) and were significantly more likely to be discharged to the community than to a state hospital (p = .0001). CONCLUSION This study found that acutely ill hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are being treated with more psychotropic medications, including more than 1 antipsychotic. These changes are coincidental with a decrease in adverse drug reactions and an improvement in indicators of patient outcome.
The Load Frequency Control in power systems via Port-Hamiltonian system and cascade system

This paper presents a new method to asymptotical stabilize the one-area Load Frequency Control system via the methods of Port-Hamiltonian system and cascade system. Due to the proposed method, the structural features of Load Frequency Control system have been deeply studied, that is, it can be represented as two cascade system. The asymptotical stability of one cascade system can be assured via the Integral Addition method for its structure is the same as the Port-Hamiltonian system, while the asymptotical stability of other cascade system can be assured by the Lyapunov function. Depending on the asymptotical stabilizations of the two cascade systems, a PID control law based on the views of PH system and cascade system is designed to asymptotical stabilize the Load Frequency Control system. Simulation results is given to show the effect of proposed method.
EFFECT OF TOWER INITIATED LIGHTNING ON THE GROUND STROKE DENSITY IN THE VICINITY OF THE TOWER

Detailed comparison of located lightning strokes in a 10 km radius area and directly measured lightning currents to the instrumented Gaisberg Tower (GBT) located in the centre of that area is presented. In 84% of the days, when lightning was measured at the GBT, no thunderstorm (TS) activity was observed in the surrounding area. On the other hand, no lightning events at the GBT were recorded in 77 % of the days, when TS activity was present in the area. Upward initiated lightning from the GBT occurs more or less independent of the general CG activity in the area and we conclude that elevated objects neither reduce nor increase the number of strokes to ground in the objects vicinity significantly. Any additional lightning initiated by the object hits directly the object.
Coordination of Transcription Factor Phosphorylation and Histone Methylation by the P-TEFb Kinase during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein recruits positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to the transactivation response (TAR) RNA structure to facilitate formation of processive transcription elongation complexes (TECs). Here we examine the role of the Tat/TAR-specified cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) kinase activity in regulation of HIV-1 transcription elongation and histone methylation. In HIV-1 TECs, P-TEFb phosphorylates the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) and the transcription elongation factors SPT5 and Tat-SF1 in a Tat/TAR-dependent manner. Using in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we demonstrate the following distinct properties of the HIV-1 transcription complexes. First, the RNAP II CTD is phosphorylated at Ser 2 and Ser 5 near the promoter and at downstream coding regions. Second, the stable association of SPT5 with the TECs is dependent upon P-TEFb kinase activity. Third, P-TEFb kinase activity is critical for the induction of methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 and lysine 36 on HIV-1 genes. Flavopiridol, a potent P-TEFb kinase inhibitor, inhibits CTD phosphorylation, stable SPT5 binding, and histone methylation, suggesting that its potent antiviral activity is due to its ability to inhibit several critical and unique steps in HIV-1 transcription elongation.
Overexpression of IL-8 in the cornea induces ulcer formation in the SCID mouse

Aims: Although interleukin 8 (IL-8) is not produced in the normal cornea, it has been detected there in several pathological conditions. In this study, the direct effects of IL-8 overexpression on the cornea was examined. Methods: The corneal surface of severe combined immunodeficiency mice was infected by the adenovirus vector encoding human IL-8 (IL-8/Ad5) and clinical and pathological changes were observed at various time points. Results: Clinically, marked angiogenesis and ulcer formation in the cornea were observed by 12 hours and 24 hours, respectively. Histologically, prominent angiogenesis was observed in the corneal stroma at 12 hours. Cleft formation between the corneal epithelium and stroma, and neutrophil infiltration into the corneal stroma were seen at 16 hours. By 24 hours after the infection with IL-8/Ad5, a shallow ulcer was formed in the cornea. In contrast, infection with the control adenovirus carrying the β galactosidase gene (LacZ) showed neither corneal ulceration nor neutrophil infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that infection with IL-8/Ad5 resulted in the production of IL-8 by corneal and conjunctival stromal cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that IL-8 overexpression in corneal tissue causes ulcer formation in the cornea through chemoattraction of neutrophils, suggesting the aetiological role of IL-8 in some types of corneal ulcers.
Multiple Triggers for Hyperthermic Fatigue and Exhaustion

CHEUNG, S. S. , and G. G. SLEIVERT. Multiple triggers for hyperthermic fatigue and exhaustion. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 100–106, 2004. It has been proposed that a critical body temperature exists at which muscle activation is impaired through a direct effect of high brain temperature decreasing the central drive to exercise, but other factors may also inhibit performance in the heat. An integrative physiological model is presented to stimulate research into mechanisms of hyperthermic fatigue and exhaustion.
National income and environmental concern: Observations from 35 countries

National income produces mixed impacts on public environmental concern. In a cross-national survey, environmental concern was measured in terms of propensity to act and environmental risk perception. Results of a multilevel regression analysis show that these two measures respond to gross domestic product per capita in opposite ways. Citizens of advanced industrial countries are more likely than those of lower-income countries to contribute to environmental protection. However, they are less likely to see the harmful impacts on the environment as very dangerous. Using an indicator of national adaptive capacity, this article demonstrates that environmental risk perception is a function of a country’s estimated capacity for coping with condition changes. The stronger sense of collective security among citizens of wealthier nations offers a possible explanation for the negative effects of national income. These results indicate the complex relationship between development and public environmental concern across countries.
Preparation of intrinsic and Al-doped ZnO thin layers by Spray pyrolysis

Intrinsic and Al doped zinc oxide thin films at different concentration ranging 1 to 5 at % were prepared by Spray pyrolysis onto glass substrates at low substrate temperature (300 °C). The structural, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Al films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction and Raman patterns show that ZnO:Al films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation in the <002> direction. The lowest resistivity was found for ZnO films doped with 3 % aluminum. Optical characterization shows that ZnO films exhibit high optical transmittance above 85% in the visible wavelength range. Increasing Al content in ZnO thin films leads to an increase of the band gap energy from 3.27 to 3.38eV.
Multiband and Dual-Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna for 2G/3G/LTE Application

A novel multiband and vertically/horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna is proposed for 2G/3G/LTE mobile communication systems. The proposed antenna is a combination of a modified asymmetric biconical for vertical polarization (VP) and six printed dipoles with concentric placement for horizontal polarization (HP). The VP element consists of two modified cones with different diameters, designed to work in the multiband GSM+3G/4G. Printed dipoles of the HP element are fed by a six-way power splitter printed on the substrate. The HP element is nested between two cones of the VP element, forming a compact structure. The bottom cone can be used as the reflector for VP and HP in the overlapping work frequencies band for 3G and LTE communication systems. The VP element achieves a bandwidth of 17.4% and gain of 1.5 dBi in the 806 ~ 960-MHz band. The HP element achieves a bandwidth of 35% (1880 ~ 2700 MHz) directly overlapping with the VP-element higher frequency band. An isolation of 25 dB is achieved in the overlapping band. The cross-polarization levels in the azimuth plane for both VP and HP are lower than -15 dB.