Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of variety , fungicidal rate and intra-row spacing on Cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L . ) in the Sudan savanna , north-eastern Nigeria 1

A field trial was conducted during 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons to evaluate the effects of three groundnut varieties, four application rates of mancozeb and three intra-row spacing on cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan Savannah zone of Nigeria. The experiment was conducted on the University Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri. The varieties of groundnut used were Ex-Dakar, Sammnut 18 (RRB) and ICGV 86024.The spacing comprised 20cm (S1,) 25cm (S2) and 30cm (S3) for intra-raw spacing and a maintained 50cm of inter-row spacing whereas the fungicidal rates were 0.8 kg a.i./ha, 1.6 kg a.i./ha, 3.2 kg a.i./ha and 0 kg a.i./ha (unsprayed). Spraying was done fortnightly. The treatments were factorially combined and laid out in a strip-split plot design, replicated three times. The variety was assigned to main plots while the fungicidal rate, to the sub-plots and spacing, to the sub-sub plots. Results of the work revealed that, Cercospora leaf spots of groundnut infected all the three groundnut cultivars with no single stand escaping infection in all the three years of the study. The incidence and severity of the disease were significantly (P>0.05) higher in variety Ex-Dakar than the other varieties. 3.2 kg a.i./ha and 1.6 kg a.i./ha recorded the lowest diseases parameters, followed by 0.8 kg a.i./ha, while the highest was recorded on the untreated plots. The closer spacing of 20cm recorded the highest disease values, followed by 25cm while the widest spacing of 30cm had the lowest disease values. All the varieties had similar yield. The results revealed that, 0 kg a.i./ha significantly had the lowest yield then 0.8 kg a.i./ha and 1.6 kg a.i./ha, and 3.2 kg a.i./ha, recorded the highest yield in all the years and combined analysis. Therefore, it is hereby recommended that all the three varieties could be used by farmers in the study area and Mancozeb should be applied at the rate of 1.6 kg a.i./ha and 0.8kg a.i./ha for management of cercospora leaf spot of groundnut, while the spacing of 20cm, despite higher disease values, excelled in terms of yield due to higher plant population and should be adopted for the three varieties used in the study.
EFFECT OF FYM, MINIA AZOTEIN, SALICYLIC AND ASCORBIC ACIDS TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM, L.) PLANTS

Prof. Dr. Shadia K. Ahmed, Hort. Res. Inst. , ARC. ABSTRACT: A field experiment was carried out during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the Experimental Farm, Fac. of Agric. , Minia Univ. to investigate the effect of FYM (0, 10, 15 and 20 ton/fed), Minia Azotein (M.A.) as biofertilizer containing N-fixing bacteria, salicylic acid (Sal.), ascorbic acid (Asc.), M.A. + Sal. and M.A. + Asc. on the vegetative growth and essential oil productivity of coriander plants. The obtained data revealed that vegetative growth characters (plant height, number of branches/plant and herb dry weight/plant) and essential oil production (oil % as well as oil yield/plant and /fed) were significantly increased due to the application of all levels of FYM over those of control treatment. The maximum values were recorded at the high level of FYM (20 ton/fed). Vegetative growth characters and essential oil productivity parameters were significantly augmented as a result of using the different five treatments. The most effective treatments in this concern were Minia Azotein (M.A.) + salicylic acid (at 50 ppm) followed by Minia Azotein (M.A.) + ascorbic acid (at 50 ppm) without significant difference between such superior treatments. While, M.A. plus either salicylic acid or ascorbic acid gave the highest essential oil % and oil yield /plant and /fed. It could be recommended to supply Coriandrum sativum plants with FYM at 20 ton/fed in combination with M.A. + salicylic acid or ascorbic acid each at 50 ppm to give the high productivity and the safety, not only for human but also for the environment in which we live.
Patterns in Criminal Homicide in Chicago

The senior author is Associate Professor of Sociology in the University of Kentucky. He received his Ph.D. in 1961 from the University of Wisconsin. He authored two earlier articles in this journal, "Ethnic Differentials in Delinquency in Honolulu" (September, 1963), and "The Predictive Efficiency of the Glueck Social Prediction Table" (December, 1963). Mr. John R. Hepburn is currently an Instructor in the Department of Sociology, Augustana College, in Rock Island, Illinois. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965 from Bradley University and a Master of Science degree from the University of Kentucky in 1967. All cases in which a charge of criminal homicide was filed in Chicago in 1965 were examined in a replication of Wolfgang's Patterns in Criminal Homicide. Nonwhite males between 15 and 39 years of age were the victims or offenders more frequently than any other age-race-sex category. It was found that 37.9 per cent of the cases were victim-precipitated and nonwhite males were most likely to precipitate their own deaths.
MODIFICATION OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING PROTEIN SOLUBILITY OF HEAT TREATED FULL-FAT SOYBEANS USING EXTRACTION IN POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE: INTER-LABORATORY STUDY

Among a number of laboratory methods used to estimate the adequacy of heat treatment applied to full-fat soybean (FFSB) protein solubility in potassium hydroxide (PSKOH) is an unofficial method, but it is used by many laboratories due to its simplicity. It has been reported that the results of PSKOH analysis of the same sample of FFSB on the degree of heat treatment vary widely between laboratories. In this study, the original PSKOH method has been modified and subjected to an inter-laboratory test, with participation of 9 laboratories. Eight FFBS samples were processed by dry extrusion at temperatures ranging from 110 to 164°C and analysed on PSKOH. Processed FFSB samples were also assessed in a growth trial with broilers. Analysis of FFSB by the PSKOH method generated for adequately-processed FFSB values between 67.1 and 76.5%. The values above 76.5% corresponded to under-processed and below 67.1% to over-processed FFSB. The PSKOH method generated good precision, i.e. the repeatability and reproducibility limits of 3.48 and 10.86 %, respectively. The modified PSKOH method can be recommended as a reliable indicator for quality control of heat processed FFSB for the use in routine laboratory practice. This study could pave the way for establishing PSKOH as an official method for determining the nutritional value of FFSB following heat treatment.
Rapid axillary bud proliferation and ex vitro rooting of herbal spice, Mentha piperita L.

Efficient protocol for rapid multiplication of the herbal spice Mentha piperita L. through axillary bud multiplication and ex vitro rooting was established using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Media prepared with tap water and commercial sugar, and those prepared with double distilled water and tissue culture grade sucrose did not show significant difference in the in vitro induction of shoots/node, and roots/shoot. MS medium fortified with 4.44 μM N-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.32 μM kinetin (Kn) was the best for proliferation of shoots; induced a mean of 4.1 shoots/node explant. The shoots attained a height of more than 4.5 cm bearing more than 5 nodes within 40 days. Excision and culture of in vitro derived node segments on medium with 3.33 μM BA and 2.32 μM Kn facilitated enhanced axillary bud proliferation. Shoots developed were rooted best on half-strength MS medium with 0.49 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); induced a mean of 10.3 roots. In vitro rooted shoots exhibited 100% survival in field conditions. Dipping of the basal end of shoots harvested from multiplication medium in 0.49 μM IBA solution for 10 days induced a mean of 8 roots and its transfer to small pots facilitated survival of 95% rooted shoots. Ex vitro rooting by direct transfer of the shoots from multiplication medium to small pots showed 72% survival. Commercial sugar and tap water and ex vitro rooting make the protocol economic.
Comparison of Growth and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in Lhasa, the Tibetan Plateau, with those in Sapporo, Japan

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau is one of the highest cultivated regions in the world. The objective of the present study was to compare wheat growth and grain yield in the high altitude region with those in a low altitude region. Two spring wheat cultivars were grown for two years at an experimental field in Lhasa (29ºN, 3688 m above sea level) in the Tibetan Plateau in 2001 and 2003, and in Sapporo (43ºN, 15 m above sea level), Japan in 2002 and 2003. In Lhasa, temperature throughout the growth period was lower and photoperiod before heading was shorter than in Sapporo. There was no significant difference in grain yield between Lhasa and Sapporo. Dry matter production was higher in Lhasa than in Sapporo. The crop growth rate before heading was similar in both locations, but the time to heading was 15 days longer in Lhasa than in Sapporo. Leaf senescence was more decelerated in Lhasa than in Sapporo. These results suggested that high dry matter production in Lhasa was mainly due to the longer growth period.
Processes influencing heat transfer in the near-surface ice of Greenland's ablation zone

Abstract. To assess the influence of various heat transfer processes on the thermal structure of near-surface ice in Greenland's ablation zone, we compare in situ measurements with thermal modeling experiments. A total of seven temperature strings were installed at three different field sites, each with between 17 and 32 sensors and extending up to 21 m below the ice surface. In one string, temperatures were measured every 30 min, and the record is continuous for more than 3 years. We use these measured ice temperatures to constrain our modeling experiments, focusing on four isolated processes and assessing the relative importance of each for the near-surface ice temperature: (1) the moving boundary of an ablating surface, (2) thermal insulation by snow, (3) radiative energy input, and (4) subsurface ice temperature gradients below the seasonally active near-surface layer. In addition to these four processes, transient heating events were observed in two of the temperature strings. Despite no observations of meltwater pathways to the subsurface, these heating events are likely the refreezing of liquid water below 5–10 m of cold ice. Together with subsurface refreezing, the five heat transfer mechanisms presented here account for measured differences of up to 3 ∘C between the mean annual air temperature and the ice temperature at the depth where annual temperature variability is dissipated. Thus, in Greenland's ablation zone, the mean annual air temperature is not a reliable predictor of the near-surface ice temperature, as is commonly assumed.
Rotation and lithium abundance of solar-analog stars. Theoretical analysis of observations

Context. Rotational velocity, lithium abundance, and the mass depth of the outer convective zone are key parameters in the study of the processes at work in the stellar interior, in particular when examining the poorly understood processes operating in the interior of solar‐analog stars. Aims. We investigate whether the large dispersion in the observed lithium abundances of solar‐analog stars can be explained by the depth behavior of the outer convective zone masses, within the framework of the standard convection model based on the local mixing‐length theory. We also aims to analyze the link between rotation and lithium abundance in solar‐analog stars. Methods. We computed a new extensive grid of stellar evolutionary models, applicable to solar‐analog stars, for a finely discreti zed set of mass and metallicity. From these models, the stellar mass, age, and mass depth of the outer convective zone were estimated for 117 solar‐analog stars, using Teff and [Fe/H] available in the literature, and the new HIPPARCOS trigonometric parallax measurements. Results. We determine the age and mass of the outer convective zone for a bona fide sample of 117 solar‐analog stars. No significant one‐to‐one correlation is found between the computed convection zone mass and published lithium abundance, indicating that the large A(Li) dispersion in solar analogs cannot be explained by the classical framework of envelope convective mixing coupled with lithium depletion at the bottom of the convection zone. Conclusions. These results illustrate the need for an extra‐mixing process to explain lithium behavior in solar‐analog stars, such a s, shear mixing caused by differential rotation. To derive a more realistic definition of s olar‐analog stars, as well as solar‐twin stars, it seems important to consider the inner physical properties of stars, such as convection, hence rotation and magnetic properties.
How well would modern-day oceanic property distributions be known with paleoceanographic-like observations?

Author(s): Gebbie, G; Streletz, GJ; Spero, HJ | Abstract: ©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Compilations of paleoceanographic observations for the deep sea now contain a few hundred points along the oceanic margins, mid-ocean ridges, and bathymetric highs, where seawater conditions are indirectly recorded in the chemistry of buried benthic foraminiferal shells. Here we design an idealized experiment to test our predictive ability to reconstruct modern-day seawater properties by considering paleoceanographic-like data. We attempt to reconstruct the known, modern-day global distributions by using a state estimation method that combines a kinematic tracer transport model with observations that have paleoceanographic characteristics. When a modern-like suite of observations (Θ, practical salinity, seawater δ18O, δ13CDIC, PO4, NO3, and O2) is used from the sparse paleolocations, the state estimate is consistent with the withheld data at all depths below 1500 m, suggesting that the observational sparsity can be overcome. Physical features, such as the interbasin gradients in deep δ13CDIC and the vertical structure of Atlantic δ13CDIC, are accurately reconstructed. The state estimation method extracts useful information from the pointwise observations to infer distributions at the largest oceanic scales (at least 10,000 km horizontally and 1500 m vertically) and outperforms a standard optimal interpolation technique even though neither dynamical constraints nor constraints from surface boundary fluxes are used. When the sparse observations are more realistically restricted to the paleoceanographic proxy observations of δ13C, δ18O, and Cd/Ca, however, the large-scale property distributions are no longer recovered coherently. At least three more water mass tracers are likely needed at the core sites in order to accurately reconstruct the large-scale property distributions of the Last Glacial Maximum.
PIV operation in hydrodynamic facilities, a flat plate benchmark test comparing PIV systems at different facilities.

As part of the European Network of Excellence Hydro Testing Alliance (HTA) one research activity named as JRP1 has been defined to investigate and develop new and improved methods for PIV operation in hydrodynamic facilities. The group has been working on a review of potential applications and needs from hydrodynamic facilities, then selecting targeted applications for development of solutions (especially reviewing needed adaptations on experimental set up), and ultimately conducting tests in facilities. In particular, a benchmarking program has been established by considering the wake flow of a piercing surface flat plate at incidence. The objective was to realize a benchmark program to evaluate the performance of the SPIV (Stereo PIV) systems to be used among the JRP-1 partners with the main requirements being a simple and cheap experimental setup that would be representative of typical SPIV problems in commercial hydrodynamic facilities such as towing tanks and cavitation tunnels. Analysis and comparisons of the mean flow fields between three different institutions revealed that the PIV technique is fairly robust and reliable under ideal measurement conditions. One significant outcome from the comparisons is the weakness of the technique with respect to surface light reflections. Reduced laser energy and larger particle could help in increasing the image Signal to Noise Ratio. However when the scattering angle from the model surface is matching one of the camera angle view there is no way to overcome the problem and a measurement is not possible. In such case special model preparation techniques such as a Perspex insert is required to overcome the problem. Despite the fact that the same model was used in three different facilities, there were some differences in the flow field, primarily with respect to the location of various flow features. Whether this is a result of different flow fields being obtained, or a result of how the data is interpolated onto a specified measurement grid is difficult to conclude.
Tidal mixing and cross-frontal particle exchange over a finite amplitude asymmetric bank : a model study with application to Georges Bank

Tidal mixing, internal wave bores, and cross-bank particle transport over a e nite amplitude asymmetric bank are examined using a two-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor and Yamada (level 2.5) turbulent closure. Driven by the surface M 2 tide, the model results show that tidal mixing exhibits temporal and spatial asymmetries on southern and northern e anks of the bank. It is strongest near the bottom around maximum on-bank tidal e ow as a result of gravitational instability when denser water is advected upslope over lighter water. A sharp thermal depression occurs on the steep northern e ank, which produces large current shear and strong tidal mixing throughout the upper 50 m of the water column. Dissipation also exhibits a strong tidal variation, with the largest values (of order 10 2 5 W/kg) occurring near-bottom around maximum on- and off-bank tidal e ow. Dissipation generally decreases upward, with a distinct phase lag in the vertical. Fluid particles are advected upslope near the bottom in the upper slope region (depth , 150 m) on both e anks, with some particles moving across the tidal mixing fronts near the bottom. The near-bottom residual Lagrangian current is opposite in direction to the residual Eulerian current on the northern e ank due to strong nonlinearity over the steep bottom slope. The mean upslope advection of e uid particles near the bottom on both e anks is consistent with model passive tracer experiments, suggesting that strong tidal forcing of a stratie ed e uid over the bank can provide one physical mechanism responsible for high concentrations of nutrients and hence phytoplankton at the fronts on Georges Bank. The model predictions of eddy viscosity and turbulent dissipation rates are in good agreement with estimates based on recent current and microstructure measurements made on Georges Bank.
An uncommon entity of primary ovarian fibroid: a case report

Ovarian fibroid is a rare solid benign tumor that accounts for 0.5 to 1% of all benign ovarian tumors and approximately 70 cases have been reported in literature till date. Most of these tumors are unilateral, small in size and generally occur in premenopausal women. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during pelvic examination or pathological examination after surgery. The origin of ovarian fibroid is still unresolved. We here in present a case of 31-year-old woman with primary infertility diagnosed to have right primary ovarian fibroid with an endometriotic cyst in the same ovary presenting with pain abdomen. She underwent laparoscopic tumor resection with cystectomy. Ovarian fibroid was confirmed by immunohistochemical study. Despite its rarity, ovarian fibroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian spindle cell tumors. This is a rare case of primary ovarian fibroid with review of literature, especially highlighting the need for conservative ovary-preserving surgery in reproductive age group women.
The Determinants of Capital Structure of FTSE 100 Firms in the UK: A Fixed Effect Panel Data Approach

This study explores the determinants of capital structure of UK FTSE 100 firms. The aim is to examine the impact of profitability (ROA), non-debt tax shield (NDTS), tangibility (TANG), liquidity (LIQ), growth(GR) and size on the choice of debt in the capital structure of firms. The study uses a panel data fixed effect approach to examine the determinants of capital structure over a ten year period, from 2003 to 2012. The results show that profitability has a negative relationship with the long term debt, short term debt and total debt, consistent with the Pecking Order Theory (POT) of capital structure which states that a firm's desire to use leverage is driven by internal forces and information asymmetry and thus, managers rely on internal funding or retained earnings to finance assets or investment opportunity. Size and NDTS show a positive relationship. The Non debt tax shield rejected the Trade-off Theory (TOT) of capital structure. However, the positive effect of size is consistent with the prediction of the TOT which states that firms determine their capital structure by trading off the benefit and the cost of debt. Accordingly, the firms in the FTSE 100 are considered as big firms and bigger firms are viewed as less risky and well diversified by lenders. The remaining variables showed mixed impact on gearing. Generally, the coefficient of ROA, NDTS, TANG, LIQ and SIZE were statistically significant but the coefficient of growth was insignificant. Overall, the results of the research show some support for both Pecking Order Theory and Trade off Theory of capital structure. Evidence also supports Agency Cost Theory of capital structure Keywords : Capital Structure, Determinants, FTSE 100
Decision Making in Mobile Business Intelligence: An Individual Cognitive Fit Perspective

One of the central features of a successful decision support system is the interface. What to provide and how to provide information that later will support the users to make a decision is crucial. With the emergence of mobile business intelligence, the concern about how this technology could increase its user performance in the decision making context and how to deliver these capability to the workforce application as close as possible to the consumer-level application in the organizational arises. Visual representation and user experience take place as two main features that will be the focal point during the study. Using cognitive fit as the theoretical framework, we developed a research model to investigate on how the cognitive fit theory will be affected by both visual representation and user experience and whether it will indirectly influence the decision making process from an individual users’ perspective. Four hypotheses were proposed based on our literature review and questionnaire-based survey was used to collect empirical data. The result of this study indicates that while the value of visual representation is important as it is positively influenced the decision making process through cognitive fit, user experience does not have the same result. Hence, if one wants to enhance their mobile BI application in context of the decision making process, visual representation features of the mobile BI must be prioritized as it will eventually increase the cognitive fit that leads to enhance the decision making process performance. (Less)