Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of third-order nonlinearities in materials and devices for ultrafast lasers

Recent developments in telecommunications, frequency metrology, and medical imaging have motivated research in ultrafast optics. Demand exists for broadband components and sources as well as highly nonlinear fibers and materials. For this thesis, several different devices have been developed for such applications. Broadband saturable absorbers based on III/V and Si materials systems were developed for femtosecond lasers and have high reflectivity over 200 to 300 nm bandwidths. These absorbers were designed for modulation depths ranging from 0.3% to 18%. Self-starting modelocked operation with the absorbers was achieved in a variety of lasers including Ti:Sapphire, Cr:Forsterite, Er:glass, Cr4+:YAG and erbium-doped bismuth-oxide fiber. In tapered microstructure fiber, highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing was achieved, with a frequency shift of 6000 cm-1 in an interaction length of only 1.4 cm. Amplification in erbium-doped bismuth-oxide fiber was demonstrated, with gains of 12 dB achieved between 1520 1600 nm in a 22.7-cm length. With a 55.6 cm length of bismuthoxide erbium-doped fiber, an L-band modelocked laser was constructed, tunable between 1570 1600 nm. It produced 288-fs pulses at 1600 nm. Undoped highly nonlinear bismuthoxide fiber was used to generate smooth, controlled supercontinuum between 1200 to 1800 nm. Pulse compression of 150-fs pulses to 25 fs was also demonstrated. Finally, the nonlinear refractive index coefficient and two-photon absorption coefficient of Ge-As-Se glasses were measured. Ge35As15Se50 is found to have a nonlinearity 900 times that of silica. Thesis Supervisor: Erich P. Ippen Title: Professor of Physics, Elihu Thompson Professor of Electrical Engineering Professor of Physics
Risk factors for delayed immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella in Colorado two-year-olds.

OBJECTIVES 1) To examine a wide range of potential risk factors for delayed childhood immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella and 2) to determine the parental response to proposed solutions regarding the problem of delayed childhood immunization. DESIGN A case-control study in which subjects had (controls) or had not (cases) received measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) by 2 years of age. Parents of subjects were also surveyed to find out whether they thought selected proposals to improve immunization rates would be successful. RESULTS Maternal education of high school or less at the time of the child's birth, more than or equal to two moves between birth and age 2, maternal age < 21 years of age at the time of the child's birth, more than or equal to two older siblings, participation in The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), participation in the federal food stamp program, and incorrect knowledge of the recommended age for MMR significantly elevated the odds ratio (OR) for delayed immunization. At least two older siblings (OR = 3.2), maternal age < 21 years of age at the time of the child's birth (OR = 2.8), and incorrect knowledge of the recommended age for MMR (OR = 2.7) remained significant risk factors in a multivariate logistic regression model. Insurance status and cost factors were not significant risk factors for delayed immunization. Parents though that reminders for immunization and a central record system would have made obtaining immunizations easier. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings of the importance of immunization knowledge and demographic characteristics as risk factors for delayed immunization, we suggest that a message (the recommended age for immunizations) and a target group for that message (families who move frequently, have older children, and are headed by younger parents) be evaluated as an intervention to improve immunization rates.
WHAT EXPLAINS STOCK MARKET REACTIONS TO PROPOSALS TO INCREASE THE AUTHORIZED COMMON STOCK

Announcements of a proposal to increase the authorized common stock by the board of directors are relevant information that has a major impact on stock price. Despite the extensive research on the impact of new equity issue announcements on stock price performance, a major gap in the literature has been a paucity of studies that have examined the implications of the announcement of the proposal to increase the authorized common stock. Based on the sample of 156 announcements in Thailand, the event study method results show that the announcements of a proposal to increase the authorized common stock convey relevant information to the market. Using multiple regression analyses to test whether firm characteristics affect the short-term abnormal returns surrounding the announcements, I find no evidence to support the effect of financial leverage on the abnormal returns.
COPE for the Treatment of Depressed Adolescents

Background: Despite a U.S. prevalence of 9%, less than 25% of depressed adolescents receive evidence-based treatment. Objective: To describe lessons learned from implementing the COPE (Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment) program in a community mental health practice as part of an evidence-based practice change to improve an advanced practice psychiatric nurse’s clinical practice and provide treatment for depressed teens. Design: A preexperimental one-group pre- and posttest design was used to assess the feasibility and effects of a brief manualized seven-session cognitive-behavioral skills–building intervention titled COPE delivered to 15 depressed adolescents in routine 30-minute mental health medication management outpatient visits. Results: Applying the evidence-based practice model led to improved adolescent outcomes. Adolescents reported significant decreases in depression, anxiety, anger, and destructive behavior as well as increases in self-concept and personal beliefs about managing negative emotions. Challenges (limited organizational resources) needed to be addressed to implement the advanced practice psychiatric nurse’s evidence-based practice change. Conclusions: COPE is a promising brief cognitive-behavioral therapy–based intervention that can be delivered within 30-minute individual outpatient visits. With this intervention, advanced practice nurses can work with current practice limitations and still provide evidence-based treatment for depressed teens. Collaboration between research-focused and clinically based nursing colleagues is a model of clinical scholarship that holds great promise in bridging the gap between research and practice.
Impact of Exploratory Biomarkers on the Treatment Effect of Bevacizumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Purpose: The addition of bevacizumab to cytotoxic chemotherapy has demonstrated a progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in the first-line and second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the addition of bevacizumab to capecitabine in heavily pretreated MBC patients did not show a PFS benefit (AVF2119g phase III trial). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of novel putative biomarkers as predictors of benefit from bevacizumab in retrospective subset analyses of the AVF2119g trial. Experimental Design: In the AVF2119g trial, 462 patients with MBC were randomly assigned to receive capecitabine or capecitabine plus bevacizumab. Primary tumor tissue and outcome data were available for 223 patients. Biomarker expression was assessed by in situ hybridization (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, thrombospondin-2 and Flt4) or immunohistochemistry (VEGF-C, PDGF-C, neuropilin-1, delta-like ligand (Dll) 4, Bv8, p53 and thymidine phosphorylase) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. PFS was associated with these variables in retrospective subset analyses. Results: Patients with low scores for Dll4, VEGF-C, and neuropilin-1 showed trends toward improvement in PFS associated with the addition of bevacizumab to capecitabine (P values = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.07, respectively). These observations were not statistically significant following correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Conclusion: These retrospective subset analyses suggest that expression of Dll4, VEGF-C, and neuropilin-1 may predict benefit from bevacizumab. Such observations are not conclusive but warrant additional testing. Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 372–81. ©2011 AACR.
The Impact Of Corporate Environmental Performance Of Market Risk On Tropicana Corporation Berhad

The purpose of this study is to examine the overall performance of Tropicana Corporation Berhad with specific risk factors and macroeconomic factor on profitability performance. The data obtained from annual report of Tropicana Corporation Berhad is starting from year 2011 until year 2015. The measurement of liquidity ratio, operating ratio and leverage ratio is used to see the overall performance of Tropicana Corporation Berhad in 5 years which allegedly beyond benchmark. The additional measurement is the asset size, this variable has a negative and no significant relationship with liquidity risk. To see the relationship of risks factors to the profitability, this paper is utilizing liquidity (current ratio), leverage ratio and operating ratio. Data was analyzed by utilizing regression and bivariate correlation. The regression analysis and bivariate correlation shows only one factor of profitability is significant to leverage ratio which is ROA with the highest impact to the profitability. However, the liquidity and operational is not significant to profitability with low impact to the profitability.
Alarms are still a problem!

In this issue of Anaesthesia, de Man et al. [1] demonstrate that the typically reported problems with alarms during high-risk surgery are encountered also in moderate-risk surgery. They found that alarms sounded very frequently (on average every 2.5 minutes). Many alarms that sounded were not clinically relevant (they were either clinically irrelevant or false), and of those that were assessed as being clinically relevant, most of these were of low, rather than high, priority. The findings illustrate the problems that alarms still cause for the clinician, and pose a range of questions from the relatively simple question as to whether an alarm is useful or not, to more complex questions such as tackling the problem of alarm fatigue and the development of more sophisticated alarms.
Classic Articles of 19th-Century American Neurologists: A Critical Review

The purpose of this article is to critically review citation classics of 19th-century members of the American Neurological Association (ANA), and to elaborate what these works contributed and why they continue to be important. Most classic articles of 19th-century American neurologists were initial or early descriptions of clinical conditions, diseases, or procedures. These include descriptions by Beard of the Jumping Frenchmen of Maine; by Sachs of “amaurotic family idiocy” (Tay-Sachs disease); by Hun of the lateral medullary syndrome; by Mitchell of phantom limbs; and by Dana of familial tremor. Few of these were the initial description, although most were clear and fairly complete by modern standards. Several citation classics were cited mainly as a point of comparison with later events or developments, including those by Corning on spinal anesthesia, Bartholow on electrical stimulation of the brain, Mitchell on the status of American psychiatry, and Starr on childhood brain tumors. The reports of Corning, Bartholow, and Mitchell have been the subjects of continued controversy. The only examples of basic neuroscience among the citation classics are the classic studies by Onuf and Collins involving ablation of portions of the sympathetic chain in cats, and Onuf's description of the nucleus of Onuf in the human spinal cord. Onuf's basic science work was made possible by a unique and short-lived multidisciplinary research environment created at the New York State Pathological Institute for the scientific investigation of insanity and neurologic diseases.
Evaluation of the sensitisation to grains and its pulmonary impact in employees of the port of Brest silos.

BACKGROUND Evaluation of the sensitisation and levels of exposure to grains and its pulmonary impact ina population of Brest port silo employees. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included exposed workers. The study consisted of clinical examination witha standardised questionnaire, blood samples, prick-tests, and spirometry tests. The atmospheric concentrationof total dust in the workplace was also associated. RESULTS Eight workers were included in the study. No case of occupational asthma was found, but 3 casesof occupational rhinitis were noted and occupational prick-tests were positive in 4 cases. The mean totaldust concentration in the three atmospheric samples was 4.87 mg/m3 for 8 hours but it was under thedetection limits for alveolar fractions. CONCLUSIONS Port silo workers are exposed to total dust concentrations below the French legal limit (10 mg/m3) but higher than Canadian and American recommendations. Levels of exposure in our studyare similar to other studies developed in port silos. Symptoms developed by workers may be due to highexposure to dust with an irritant effect rather than an allergic effect. Despite this fact, a specific medicalsurvey is needed, and ventilation and respiratory masks have to be promoted for prevention.
Smoking during pregnancy: A population-based study

Aims: Tobacco is a major cause of disease and mortality in modern times. The risk of smoking in pregnancy is a serious threat to the development and future health of an unborn child. The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiological factors associated with smoking during pregnancy in a primary healthcare setting. Methods: All 856 maternity records at the Glaesibaer Health Care Centre in Reykjavik during 2006–2013 were reviewed and information on smoking habits investigated. Results: The records showed that in 108 (12.2%) pregnancies, women smoked at first visit and 63 stopped smoking in early pregnancy, leaving 45 (5.3%) mothers smoking throughout the whole gestational period. The mean age of the smoking women was 27.8 years and for the non-smokers 29.7 years. Low social status (odds ratio (OR) = 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–5.96), previous mental health diagnosis (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3–5.6), and unstable relationship with a partner (OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 2.1–7.0) were associated with smoking. Smoking fewer cigarettes was associated with a 0.04-unit lower risk of smoking during pregnancy (OR = 0.04: 95% CI: 0.02–0.08). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the women who smoked during pregnancy were often heavy smokers and living without a partner. They were younger, had worse mental health, and a lower social status than those pregnant women who did not smoke. Bearing in mind the consequence of smoking in pregnancy, this subgroup should get increased assistance to quit smoking before and during early pregnancy, as well as appropriate medical and social support.
The Effect of Patent Protection on Inventor Mobility

This article investigates the effect of patent protection on the mobility of early-career employee-inventors. Using data on patent applications filed at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office between 2001 and 2012 and examiner leniency as a source of exogenous variation in patent protection, we find that one additional patent granted decreases the likelihood of changing employers, on average, by 23%. This decrease is stronger when the employee has fewer coinventors, works outside the core of the firm, and produces more basic-research innovations. These findings are consistent with the idea that patents turn innovation-related skills into patent-holder-specific human capital. This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Response of Low Seed Phytic Acid Soybeans to Increases in External Phosphorus Supply

Commercialization of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] varieties with low seed phytic acid will depend on the stability of the trait when grown in soils with a wide range of P availabilities and on the impact of altered P composition on seed protein and oil concentrations. Impacts of deficient (0.05 mmol L-1) to excessive (0.9 to 1.2 mmol L -1 ) levels of external P on seed P composition of normal and low phytic acid lines and of altered seed P composition on seed protein and oil synthesis were evaluated. Soybean lines homozygous recessive (pha/pha) at one of two loci with genes that condition the low seed phytic acid trait had the same greater-than-threefold increase in phytic acid in response to increasing external P as their normal phytic acid parent, 'AGS Prichard-RR' (Pha/Pha). This supports the conclusion from previous inheritance studies that the low seed phytic acid trait in CX1834-1-2 is controlled by epistatic interaction between two independent recessive genes. The seed phytic acid concentration in the low phytic acid line Q03PHY-443 (derived from CX1834-1-2) was <2 g phytic acid P kg -1 dry wt. when grown under deficient to excessive external P. As the P supply increased, seed inorganic P concentrations for this line increased from 0.8 to 4.0 g kg -1 dry wt. , compared to an increase of 0.2 to 0.6 g kg -1 dry wt. for the normal phytic acid lines. Seed protein and oil concentrations did not differ significantly between normal and low phytic acid lines. These results support continued development of varieties with low seed phytic acid and high yields.
Atypia in Nonneoplastic Prostate Glands After Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Duration of Atypia and Relation to Type of Radiotherapy

It is unknown how long postradiation atypia of benign prostate glands persists and whether the type of radiation is a factor. Forty-four cases consisting of 37 needle biopsies and 7 transurethral resections of the prostate seen in consultation (January 1997 to September 2000) were studied. In two men (5%), the cases were initially sent without a history of radiotherapy. Thirteen patients had minimal cancer (one core) with the remaining showing no residual tumor. Twenty patients were treated with interstitial radiotherapy (brachytherapy) (IRT), 17 with external beam radiation (XRT), and 7 with a combination of both (CT). The time interval between the treatment and tissue sampling ranged from 8 to 72 months (mean 3 months). Slides were reviewed blindly to the type of radiation and the time interval. Radiation-induced atypia in nonneoplastic glands, stromal fibrosis, and vascular changes was scored separately 0–3, with 0 showing no radiation injury and grade 3 showing prominent nuclear atypia, stromal fibrosis, and vascular hyalinization. We derived a combined score for the epithelial atypia from 0 to 300 (% of glands × grade) for each biopsy. For each case, an overall grade from 0 to 3 was given separately for the stromal and vascular changes. Cases were divided into three groups based on time between treatment and biopsy: <24 months (n = 14), between 24 and 48 months (n = 19), and >48 months (n = 11). Because the scores for epithelial atypia with IRT and CT were the same, we combined them into one group. There was more atypia in cases treated with IRT/CT (mean score 190) than XRT (mean score 105) (p <0.00001). There was also a greater degree of stromal fibrosis with IRT/CT than XRT (p <0.04). There was no correlation between the type of treatment and the effect on vessels. There was no change over time in epithelial atypia in men treated with IRT/CT. With XRT, there was less epithelial atypia in cases biopsied >48 months after treatment (mean score 57) compared with those with a shorter interval between biopsy and treatment (mean score 132) (p = 0.02). Radiation atypia in benign prostate glands may persist for a long time after the initial treatment, resulting in a significant pitfall in evaluating prostate biopsies. Prominent radiation effect (100% of the glands showing grade 2 and 3 atypia) was detected up to 72 months in one of the patients treated with IRT. In some cases, the clinician may not be aware of a prior remote history of radiation or does not relay this history to the pathologist. The pathologist must recognize radiation atypia without relying on the clinician to provide this history. The type of radiation therapy (IRT/CT vs XRT) is a major factor in the degree and duration of postradiation epithelial atypia.
Leadership and Decision-making: A Study on Reflexive Relationship Between Leadership Style and Decision-making Approach

Aims: This paper introduces how substantial decision-making and leadership styles relates with each other. Decision-making styles are connected with leadership practices and institutional arrangements. Study Design: Qualitative research approach was adopted in this study. A semi structure interview was use to elicit data from the participants on both leadership styles and decision-making. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Education international Islamic University
Crashes and High Frequency Trading

We present a partial review of the potential for bubbles and crashes associated with high frequency trading (HFT). Our analysis intends to complement still inconclusive academic literature on this topic by drawing upon both conceptual frameworks and indicative evidence observed in the markets. A generic classification in terms of Barenblatt’s theory of similarity is proposed that suggests, given the available empirical evidence, that HFT has profound consequences for the organization and time dynamics of market prices. Provided one accepts the evidence that financial stock returns exhibit multifractal properties, it is likely that HFT time scales and the associated structures and dynamics do significantly affect the overall organization of markets. A significant scenario of Barenblatt’s classification is called “non-renormalizable”, which corresponds to HFT functioning essentially as an accelerator to previous market dynamics such as bubbles and crashes. New features can also be expected to occur, truly innovative properties that were not present before. This scenario is particularly important to investigate for risk management purposes. This report thus suggests a largely positive answer to the question: “Can high frequency trading lead to crashes? ” We believe it has in the past, and it can be expected to do so more and more in the future. Flash crashes are not fundamentally a new phenomenon, in that they do exhibit strong similarities with previous crashes, albeit with different specifics and of course time scales. As a consequence of the increasing inter-dependences between various financial instruments and asset classes, one can expect in the future more flash crashes involving additional markets and instruments. The technological race is not expected to provide a stabilization effect, overall. This is mainly due to the crowding of adaptive strategies that are pro-cyclical, and no level of technology can change this basic fact, which is widely documented for instance in numerical simulations of agent-based models of financial markets. New “crash algorithms” will likely be developed to trade during periods of market stresses in order to profit from these periods. Finally, we argue that flash crashes could be partly mitigated if the central question of the economic gains (and losses) provided by HFT was considered seriously. We question in particular the argument that HFT provides liquidity and suggest that the welfare gains derived from HFT are minimal and perhaps even largely negative on a long-term investment horizon. This question at least warrants serious considerations especially on an empirical basis. As a consequence, regulations and tax incentives constitute the standard tools of policy makers at their disposal within an economic context to maximize global welfare (in contrast with private welfare of certain players who promote HFT for their private gains). We believe that a complex systems approach to future research can provide important and necessary insights for both academics and policy makers.