Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influenza A Virus M2 Protein: Roles from Ingress to Egress

Influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein 2 (M2) is among the smallest bona fide, hence extensively studied, ion channel proteins. The M2 ion channel activity is not only essential for virus replication, but also involved in modulation of cellular homeostasis in a variety of ways. It is also the target for ion channel inhibitors, i.e., anti-influenza drugs. Thus far, several studies have been conducted to elucidate its biophysical characteristics, structure-function relationships of the ion channel, and the M2-host interactome. In this review, we discuss M2 protein synthesis and assembly into an ion channel, its roles in IAV replication, and the pathophysiological impact on the host cell.
Vital Factors behind the Strategic Alliances of the Biotech Companies in Taiwan

Biotechnology industry is well-known as a knowledge intensive industry and required relatively large financial support. As the demanding nature from both finance and knowledge/technology resources, biotech companies tend to strategically collaborate with others for product development and marketing. Therefore, a growing need of strategic alliance was observed in biopharmaceutical industry of Taiwan. However, the vital factors and underlying strategy were undiscovered in these particular early-staged companies. This study provides foundation of how the decision makers deployed institutional resources with strategic alliances. The study began with construction of factors for strategic alliance suitable for the biopharmaceutical companies in Taiwan. The questionnaire consisted of five constructs including motivations and background to initiate strategic alliances, the underlying rationale for joint ventures, the opinion derived from a manager for possible minority equity alliances, the past experience of strategic alliances, and the needs and inquiries of a future strategic alliance. Expert opinion from five professional personnel was adopted to validate the instrument as well as the results. A case series study was conducted to verify and to construct the model specific for this industry. Twenty out of 24 (83.33%) bio-pharmaceutical companies were successfully interviewed for further case series analysis and model construction in this study. There are three major findings derived from the research. First, stratified by the year of a company founded: companies founded before year 2000 were likely to take financial resource, marketing, and technology transfer as main strategies for alliances. Companies founded after year 2000 tended to adopt strategies by academic collaboration, resource sharing, market information exchange, and tackling investment barriers as their major reasons for alliances. Second, the objects of alliances: a growing need of alliance with foreign institutes was found in the past five years. Companies became cautious in strategic alliances to reflect the needs of their development. Third, the activity of alliances: Small companies tended to obtain new technology and financial resources from alliances. However, a large company with sufficient financial supports was likely to preserve their core competence by reducing chance of collaborating with others. The findings from this premature industry in Taiwan give clues for strategic development of small-scaled emerging market. All parties, including the government, the stake holders, the players, whoever interested in the development of this industry should pay much attention on the needs from different stage of development in terms of life-cycle of a company, an industry, and an economic entity.
Social influence of multiple actors on users and non-users in a hospital environment Adopting a multi-actor perspective in technology acceptance

Within organizational contexts, the topic of technology acceptance was studied many times already, and some might view it as an over-researched area. Although, many things could still be improved. A much debated question is whether social influence should be integrated into technology acceptance or not. Previous technology acceptance studies have not dealt with users and non-users in one model. Where adoption literature already explored a multi-actor perspective, much less is known about those effects in technology acceptance. Also, very little is known about bandwagon effects which are already examined in diffusion theory. This study attempted to solve the previous mentioned issues. A sample of n = 70 caregivers was used who were retrieved from a Dutch hospital environment. The results of this sample were analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis, multiple regression, and logistic regression. The results showed some significant differences between the intention to use a system and the actual use of the system. Another important finding was that positive social influence is a condition for studies which want to research technology acceptance in a hospital environment. Despite multiple significant correlations for multi-actor influences and positive social influences, no multi-actor effect was found in this study. These findings suggested that managers should not blindly implement an information system but should carefully decide if an information system is useful in its environment and its function. Also, managers might focus more on convincing people with positive social influence to intend to use the system.
Karakteristik Petani dan Kontribusi Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Terhadap Pendapatan Petani di Kulon Progo

Salah satu program yang dikeluarkan Kementerian Kehutanan terkait pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah program Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), yang salah satunya berlokasi di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sosial ekonomi petani HKm Kulon Progo dan kontribusi HKm terhadap pendapatan petani. Penelitian dilakukan mulai November 2013 sampai dengan Februari 2014. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei dan wawancara kepada anggota kelompok tani dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petani HKm rata-rata berusia 53 tahun, pendidikan petani rendah karena 53% lulusan SD. Rata-rata jumlah tanggungan keluarga 4 orang. Rata-rata luas lahan andil 2.128 m2 dan rata-rata luas lahan milik 2.947 m2 sehingga termasuk petani gurem. Tujuh puluh persen petani HKm hutan produksi dan 47,3% petani HKm hutan lindung masuk ke dalam kategori miskin sekali dan miskin. Kontribusi HKm pada pendapatan petani adalah 6,4% pada hutan produksi dan 4,8% pada hutan lindung. Kecilnya kontribusi dari HKm berimplikasi pada upaya peningkatan pendapatan petani melalui pengembangan potensi tanaman empon-empon dan umbi-umbian serta potensi wisata. Characteristic of Farmer and Contribution of Community Forestry to Farmer’s Income in Kulon Progo Abstract One of the project that is held by Ministry of Forestry is Community Forestry (CF), which one is located in Kulon Progo. This research aim was to obtain the social-economic characteristic of CF farmers in Kulon Progo and to know the contribution of CF to their total earning. The data collection had been held from November 2013 until February 2014 and was collected by survey and interview to some members of CF groups. The data was analyzed by descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the average of farmer’s age was 53; farmer’s education was in a low level as 53% were graduated from elementary school. The average of family member were 4 persons. The average of CF land was 2.128 m2 and the average of farmers’s own land was 2.947 m2. That was meant that the farmer was near to be categorized as poor farmer. Seventy percent of farmers from production forest and 47.3% farmers from protected forest were categorized as very poor and poor. CF contribution towards farmer’s income was 6.4% in production forest and 4.8% in protected forest. The low contribution of CF implicated to improve farmer’s income through developing non-timber forest product asherbs and edible root and also potential for eco-tourism.
Irradiated Pancreatic Cancer Cells Undergo both Apoptosis and Necrosis, and Could Be Phagocytized by Dendritic Cells

The interaction of immature dendritic cells (DC) with irradiated pancreatic cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometric analysis using annexin V and propidium iodide revealed that ionizing radiation (25–35 Gy X-ray) induced both apoptosis and necrosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. After irradiation, PK-1 and Panc-1 cells were likely to undergo necrosis, whereas MIAPaCa-2 cells underwent apoptosis. When DiO-stained immature DCs were co-incubated with DiI-stained irradiated MIAPaCa-2, it was observed under fluorescent microscopy that DCs phagocytized dead tumor cells as early as 4 h after co-incubation. The DCs’ phagocytosis of irradiated tumor cells was also confirmed by flow cytometry. These results suggest that irradiated pancreatic cancer cells, which undergo both apoptosis and necrosis, could be a good source of tumor-associated antigens for cross-presentation by DCs.
A new era for sustainable development : a comparison for sustainability indices

Jel Classification M40, M14, N20, C10, C12. Abstract Sustainability is rapidly moving from an abstract concept to a measurable state of dynamic human-ecological systems. The large number of economic, social, and environmental indicators currently available provides a view of system sustainability. In this respect, sets of sustainability indicators and aggregation of these indicators into indices are increasingly used to make policy decisions. The indices offer companies the opportunity to compare their sustainability performances on both local and global level. With the indices, provide companies an instrument for evaluating their performance and consequently adopting new targets or furthering their performance while allowing them to develop their risk management abilities for corporate transparency, accountability and sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual requirements for Sustainability Indices and with using Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) analyze the differences and the relationship of DJSI Emerging Markets with DJSI Developed Markets in which North America and Europe is chosen.
Analysis of primitive erythroid cell proliferation and enucleation using a cyan fluorescent reporter in transgenic mice

Primitive erythropoiesis is a vital process for mammalian embryonic development. Here we report the generation and characterization of a new transgenic mouse line that expresses a histone H2B‐CFP fusion protein in the nuclei of primitive erythroid cells. We demonstrate the potential of this ε‐globin‐histone H2B‐CFP line for multicolor imaging and flow cytometry analysis. The ε‐globin‐H2B‐CFP line was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and proliferation of CFP‐expressing primitive erythroblasts from E8.5‐E13.5. We also evaluated phagocytosis of extruded CFP‐positive nuclei by macrophages in fetal liver and placenta. The ε‐globin‐H2B‐CFP transgenic mouse line adds to the available tools for studying the development of the primitive erythroid lineage. genesis 51:751–762. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional and Trafficking Defects in ATP Binding Cassette A3 Mutants Associated with Respiratory Distress Syndrome*

Members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily actively transport a wide range of substrates across cell and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABCA3, a member of the ABCA subfamily with unknown function, lead to fatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn. Using cultured human lung cells, we found that recombinant wild-type hABCA3 localized to membranes of both lysosomes and lamellar bodies, which are the intracellular storage organelles for surfactant. In contrast, hABCA3 with mutations linked to RDS failed to target to lysosomes and remained in the endoplasmic reticulum as unprocessed forms. Treatment of those cells with the chemical chaperone sodium 4-phenylbutyrate could partially restore trafficking of mutant ABCA3 to lamellar body-like structures. Expression of recombinant ABCA3 in non-lung human embryonic kidney 293 cells induced formation of lamellar body-like vesicles that contained lipids. Small interfering RNA knockdown of endogenous hABCA3 in differentiating human fetal lung alveolar type II cells resulted in abnormal, lamellar bodies comparable with those observed in vivo with mutant ABCA3. Silencing of ABCA3 expression also reduced vesicular uptake of surfactant lipids phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol but not phosphatidylethanolamine. We conclude that ABCA3 is required for lysosomal loading of phosphatidylcholine and conversion of lysosomes to lamellar body-like structures.
Paroxetine, clomipramine, and cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorder.

BACKGROUND This 12-week, placebo-controlled study was carried out to compare the relative efficacy of paroxetine, clomipramine, and cognitive therapy in the treatment of DSM-III-R-defined panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. METHOD After a 3-week single-blind, placebo run-in period, 131 patients were randomly assigned to receive double-blind medication or 12 sessions of cognitive therapy based on the model of Clark. Efficacy assessments included the daily panic attack diary, the Clinical Global Impression scale, the Patient Global Evaluation, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, the Marks-Sheehan Phobia Scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. RESULTS Comparisons with placebo revealed significant superiority of paroxetine (20-60 mg/day) and clomipramine (50-150 mg/day) on nearly all outcome measures. On most measures, paroxetine also showed higher efficacy than cognitive therapy. With few exceptions, cognitive therapy did not differ significantly from placebo. The number of subjects becoming panic-free (66%) was higher and the onset of action was faster in the paroxetine-treated group. Treatment with cognitive therapy yielded the highest drop-out rate (26%). CONCLUSION In this short-term study assessing treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia, paroxetine and clomipramine were consistently superior to pill placebo, whereas cognitive therapy was superior on only a few measures.
Pecking order and trade-off explanations of capital structure and the maturity structure of corporate debt obligations

It is shown i) that the under-investment problem is caused by the debt-equity mix of the financing rather than the investment itself and that a transfer of value (from shareholders to debt-holders) can be reversed by a post-investment adjustment in capital structure that restores the pre-investment gearing ratio. This simple, low-cost solution is preferable to reducing debt maturity (as in Myers (1977)) or gearing; ii) that transfers in value from debt-holders to shareholders to promote over-investment are not sustainable since investors will seek to avoid being disadvantaged by demanding higher returns, greater restrictions on the company or both; and that information asymmetry that restricts the issue of new shares can be managed by using several alternatives such as bridge financing in ways that remove the rationale for the pecking order theory; and iii) that managers have incentives to engage in empire building which is facilitated by a capital structure that reflects the degree of concentration among the other companies in the sector: faced with a low (high) degree of concentration, companies have lower (higher) gearing. The implications of these outcomes are empirically investigated using an extensive sample and robust estimating procedures providing strong support for the hypotheses tested.
Sex Differences in Pain

• There is good evidence that men and women differ with respect to the perception and experience of pain. • Women on average report more pain when compared to men, and there seem to be more painful conditions where women exhibit a greater prevalence than where men do. • Sex differences in pain vary according to age, with many differences occurring during the reproductive years. • The sex of an individual is still not routinely investigated in many studies. • There are a range of mechanisms that may be involved in explaining these sex differences, from sex hormones to health seeking behaviours.
P38 MAP KINASE MEDIATES BURN SERUM-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION: INVOLVEMENT OF F-ACTIN REARRANGEMENT AND L-CALDESMON PHOSPHORYLATION

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating factors released after a severe burn cause endothelial barrier dysfunction by triggering endothelial cell (EC) contraction through a p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent mechanism. Human umbilical vein ECs (ECV304 cell line) were cultured to create a monolayer of cells that were then cultured with 20% human normal or burn serum. Monolayer permeability was measured by the influx of labeled albumin across the cells. Endothelial cells contraction was determined by alterations of cell surface area and formation of intracellular gaps. P38 MAP kinase activation, F-actin arrangement, and L-caldesmon phosphorylation were assessed by Western blots or immunofluorescence staining. These studies showed that exposure to burn serum resulted in a significant increase in endothelial permeability in a time-dependent manner, which was paralleled by a rapid and persistent activation of p38 MAP kinases. Morphologically, increased intercellular gaps, reduced cell surface area, and a unique rearrangement of F-actin cytoskeleton were observed in burn serum-treated ECs. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase suppressed the rearrangement of F-actin cytoskeleton, reduced the occurrence of burn serum-induced formation of intercellular gaps, and ameliorated endothelial hyperpermeability. Further study showed that phosphorylation of L-caldesmon was enhanced in burn serum-treated cells via p38 MAP kinase; overexpression of L-caldesmon by adenovirus transfection, however, attenuated the increase in endothelial permeability by burn serum challenge. Collectively, these results have demonstrated for the first time that p38 MAP kinase is an important participant in mediating burn serum-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction through rearrangement of the F-actin cytoskeleton and phosphorylation of L-caldesmon. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase in vivo, thus, would be a promising therapeutic strategy in ameliorating burn shock development.
Analisis Pengaruh Brand, Harga Dan Iklan Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Air Mineral Merek Aqua (Survey Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)

This study was motivated by the increasing number of diverse businesses that develop, one that is Mineral Water Company. The increasing number of consumers who are aware of the cleanliness of the Mineral Water to be consumed, the higher the company that wants to engage in business in bottled mineral water. Intense competition makes companies must be proactive in response to changes in a dynamic environment. This study aimed to examine the effect of the variable of brand, price, and Ads on Consumer Loyalty Brand Mineral Water Aqua At the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta. After review of the literature and formulation of hypotheses, data were collected through questionnaires to 100 respondents Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who consume Mineral Water Aqua obtained using random sampling techniques. Then conducted an analysis of the data obtained by quantitative data. Quantitative analysis includes: validity, reliability, multiple linear analysis, hypothesis testing via t test and F, as well as the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2). The data that has met the test of validity, reliability test processed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science).
Icb-1 Gene Expression is Elevated in Human Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and is Closely Associated With HER2 Expression

ABSTRACT Human gene icb-1 (C1orf38) has been initially cloned by our group from endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. In this study, we examined icb-1 expression in 90 endometrial cancer and normal endometrial tissue specimens. Expression of icb-1 was significantly (about 3.5-fold) higher in endometrial cancer than in normal endometrium (p <.0001). Determination of various molecular markers revealed that only Ki-67 expression differed between both groups in a similarly significant manner. Furthermore, we observed a highly significant positive correlation of icb-1 transcript levels with c-erbB2 (HER2) expression (p <.0001). Our data strongly encourage further studies on the function of icb-1 in endometrial cancer.
Size‐dependent interaction of cells and hemoglobin–albumin based oxygen carriers prepared using the SPG membrane emulsification technique

Hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) of various sizes have been developed so far, but their optimum size has not been clarified yet. Here, we examined the effect of HBOCs size on their interaction with cells using Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique, which enables precise tuning of particle size. Microspheres composed of bovine hemoglobin (bHb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was fabricated with the average diameters of 1.2–18.3 μm and the coefficient of variation of below 13%. Cellular uptake of the microspheres by RAW264.7 was observed at a diameter below 5 μm; however, uptake of the microspheres by HepG2 and HUVEC were not observed at any diameter. No enhancement of the generation of reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm was detected at diameters above 9.8 μm in the three cell lines, due to their low cellular uptake. In addition, cytotoxicity of the microspheres decreased with increasing microsphere diameter in the three cell lines and microspheres of 18.3 μm showed good cellular compatibility regardless of the oxyhemoglobin percentage. Since cytotoxicity is a crucial factor in their applications, our systemic investigation would provide a new insight into the design of HBOCs. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 31:1676–1684, 2015
Antidepressant medication adherence: a study of primary care patients.

BACKGROUND Nonadherence to antidepressant medication significantly contributes to the undertreatment of depression in primary care populations. The purpose of this study was to survey primary care patients' adherence to antidepressant medication to better understand factors associated with nonadherence. METHOD Participants with a history of being prescribed an antidepressant for at least 4 weeks were recruited from a primary care research network. Subjects completed a demographic survey, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, the Stages of Change Scale, the Medication Adherence Scale, and the MOS measure of adherence. Differences between adherent and nonadherent patients were compared using chi(2) for discrete variables, independent t tests for continuous variables, and Mann-Whitney U tests for rank-ordered data. Data were collected from April 1, 2001 to April 1, 2004. RESULTS Approximately 80% (N = 148) of individuals approached for this study agreed to participate. The overall sample was primarily white and female. The PHQ diagnoses at study entry were dysthymic disorder (8.8%, n = 13), major depressive disorder (31.8%, n = 47), "double depression" (both dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder, 29.7%, n = 44), and no depression (16.2%, n = 24.) The mean BDI-II score for the total sample was 19.9. Nonadherent patients reported being more careless about taking their medications, were more worried about side effects, were less satisfied with their physicians, were under the age of 40 years, and were more likely to have asked for a specific antidepressant. Nonadherent patients also indicated being at lower stages of change. CONCLUSIONS Individually tailoring education to patient preference and stage of change is recommended to promote adherence.