Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A final common pathway for depression: implications for therapy

Depression in humans and animal models has been found to be accompanied by a hypoactivity of brain regions involved in positively motivated behavior together with a hyperactivity in regions involved in stress responses. Both sets of changes are reversed by diverse antidepressant treatments. It has been proposed that this neural pattern underlies the symptoms common to most forms of depression, which are the loss of positively motivated behavior and the increase in stress. The present paper discusses how this framework can organize diverse findings on the multiple factors associated with this disorder. The hypothesis suggests new therapeutic strategies involving treatment with low-dose corticosteroids to suppress the stress network or with antagonists of α1A- and agonists of α1B-adrenoceptors to disinhibit or activate the positive motivational network, respectively.
MYOCARDIAL POTENCY OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM NUT EXTRACT AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE IN RATS

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of hyroalcoholic extract of Semecarpus anacardium nuts (SANE) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial damage in rats. Rats of either sex were administered SANE (100 and 500 mg/kg) for three weeks and propranolol (PRO, 10 mg/kg) for one week orally in their respective groups. Myocardial damage was induced by subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol (150 mg/kg) for two consecutive days. A change in biomarkers and antioxidants levels reflects the influence of prophylactic treatment. The CK-MB activities were fallen in serum and elevated in heart tissue of animals treated with low and high doses of SANE as well as PRO compared to ISO control. The LDH activity were significantly reduced in serum with both and high doses of SANE while no change was noted in heart tissue with both doses compared to ISO control. Further, high and low doses of SANE caused significant elevation in SOD and CAT activities compared to ISO control. Hence it is concluded that semecarpus anacardium possess potential to ameliorate the myocardial damage induced by isoproterenol in rats.
Reduced Ig Class Switch in Aged Mice Correlates with Decreased E47 and Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase1

The capacity to class switch the IgH chain is critical to the effectiveness of humoral immune responses. We show that in vitro-stimulated splenic B cells from senescent mice are deficient in production of multiple class switch isotypes (IgG1, G2a, G3, and E), class switch recombination (CSR), and induction of the E2A-encoded transcription factor E47. E47 has previously been shown to be required for CSR, at least in part via expression of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Our studies show that impaired induction of E47, and subsequently activation-induced cytidine deaminase, contribute to poor CSR and production of secondary isotypes in senescence.
The geography of fatty infiltrates within the cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders.

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES To quantify the magnitude and distribution of muscle fat infiltration (MFI) within the cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis muscles in participants with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) compared to those who have fully recovered from a whiplash injury and healthy controls. BACKGROUND Previous research has established the presence of increased MFI throughout the cervical extensor muscles of individuals with WAD when compared to healthy controls. These changes appear to be greater in the deepest muscles (eg, multifidus and semispinalis cervicis) than in the more superficial muscles. A detailed analysis of the distribution of MFI within these deep extensor muscles in chronic WAD, recovered, and control groups would provide a foundation for further investigation of specific mechanisms, etiologies, and targets for treatments. METHODS Fifteen participants (WAD, n = 5; recovered, n = 5; and control, n = 5) were studied using a 3-D fat-water separation magnetic resonance imaging sequence. Bilateral measures of cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis MFI in 4 quartiles (1 [medial] to 4 [lateral]) at cervical levels C3 through C7 were included in the analysis. Intrarater and interrater reliability were established. A mixed-model analysis was performed to control for covariates, identify interaction effects, and compare MFI distribution between groups. RESULTS The limits of agreement confirmed strong intrarater and interrater agreement at all levels (C3-C7). Sex, age, and body mass index were identified as significant covariates for MFI. Significant interactions were found between group and muscle quartile (P<.001) and between muscle quartile and cervical level (P<.001). Pairwise comparisons for intraquartile MFI between groups revealed significantly greater MFI in the WAD group when compared to the recovered group in the first quartile (P<.001), second quartile (P<.001), and third quartile (P = .03). When compared to the control group, the WAD group had significantly greater MFI in the first quartile (P = .002) and the second quartile (P = .045). The control group had significantly higher MFI in comparison to the recovered group in the first quartile (P = .048). CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary data mapping the spatial distribution of MFI in the cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis muscles in individuals with chronic WAD, those who have recovered from a whiplash injury, and healthy controls. Muscle fat infiltration is more concentrated in the medial portion of the muscles in all participants. However, the magnitude of MFI in the medial quartiles (1 and 2) is greatest in the chronic WAD group.
Need for routine screening of HBV and HDV in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Three hundred million persons worldwide carry HBV and of them, at least 5% have delta hepatitis. HDV is a delta agent that is deformed and incomplete RNA virus whose replication is dependent on the presence of HBsAg. In association with HBV, HDV produces significantly more severe illness than HBV alone. In the present study, the prevalence of HBV and HDV infection in cirrhosis of the liver and the impact of the dual infection on the clinical outcome in cirrhosis of the liver was assessed.
Laboratory methods for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in newborns and infants

Cumulative data on serological testing of newborns and infants have shown that (i) maternal and newborn anti-HIV-1 IgG titers are high at delivery, which may explain the persistence of antibody in the infants of seropositive mothers; (ii) in some situations, serial HIV-1 antibody testing may identify infected infants; and (iii) detection of anti-HIV-1 IgA or IgM is specific for infection but the sensitivity of this assay may be compromised in certain situations, such as when infected infants are hypogammaglobulinemic or when the rise and fall of HIV-1-specific IgM synthesis following acute infection has been completed before delivery of the infant. Cumulative data on PCR, viral culture, and tests for antigen in newborns and infants have shown that (i) among all age groups, viral culture is probably the most specific test available for detection of HIV-1, as PCR and the p24 antigen test may (though rarely) give false-positive results; (ii) the sensitivity of these tests increases in the order of antigen, culture, and PCR, with relatively insensitive results in the first 3 months of life for all of these tests; (iii) the sensitivity of all of these tests improves and approximates 90 to 100% when infants over 6 months of age are tested; and (iv) data regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and usefulness of these virological assays in infants under 3 months of age are very scant and inconclusive.
Effect of Organic Source Mineral Supplementation on the Carcass Characteristics and Sensory Quality of Naked Neck

Accepted: 18/03/2016 Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rep lacing inorganic source of iron and zinc with organic source of iron (Femethionine) and zinc (Znmethionine) on the carcass characteristic s, weights and sensory quality of Naked neck fowl grown for 8 weeks. About 192 one week old Naked neck chicks were selected and randomly divide d nto four dietary groups with four replicates containing 12 chicks in each replicate using completely randomized design. Control diet (T 1) was formulated by incorporating inorganic iron and zinc according to BIS (1992) specifications. Whereas in T 2, T3 and T4 inorganic iron and zinc were replaced with 50%, 100% and 150% with organic sourc e (methionine salts). The present study indicated that replacement of ino rganic source of Fe and Zn with organic source (methionine salts) did not s ignificantly affect dressing percentage, organs weights and overall acc eptability of meat. It can be concluded that replacing 50% organic source of Fe and Zn is relatively economical and can be used without any n egative effects either on performance or on the environment.
Creatinine values during a competitive season in elite athletes involved in different sport disciplines.

AIM The authors aimed at studying creatinine concentrations in elite male athletes of rugby, alpine ski and cyclism, characterized from different Body Mass Index (BMI) to evaluate modifications during the competitions season. METHODS Creatinine was measured by Jaffe method in 44 top-level athletes (18 rugbyists, 13 skiers, and 13 cyclists) before the start of training and competitions and during the competitions season, three times for rugbyists and skiers, and two times for cyclists. RESULTS Creatinine concentrations were related to body mass and were significantly different among the groups of athletes of the three sports. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among groups of athletes practising different sports (P<0.0001). The analysis for repeated measures demonstrated significant differences for rugby (P<0.005) and ski (P<0.02), but not for cycling (P=0.25). CONCLUSION The interpretation of the creatinine concentrations in athletes should take in account the kind of sport practised, the BMI, and also the possible variations during the season. The reference intervals used for general population can not be used for athletes.
Oral health status and treatment need among institutionalised hearing-impaired and blind children and young adults in Udaipur, India. A comparative study.

AIM The aim of this study was to assess and compare the oral health status and the treatment needs of the institutionalised hearing-impaired and blind children and young adults in the city of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 498 institutionalised hearing-impaired and blind people, aged 4 to 23 years, in the city of Udaipur, Rajasthan. The World Health Organization oral health assessment basic methods and form (1997) were used for data collection. Clinical examinations were carried out in the institute's medical room or classroom by single examiner with the aid of a mouth mirror, explorer and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe under adequate natural light (Type III examination). The resulting data were entered into statistical software and analysed by applying the chi-square test, ANOVA, t-test and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The total mean DMFT (decayed-missing-filled teeth) and mean dft scores were 1.77 and 0.27 respectively. The largest component of DMFT was the D, with a mean of 1.49. The F component of 0.08 was very low. Mean DMFT/dft was greater among hearing-impaired than among blind subjects. Overall, 159 (32%) were periodontally healthy (CPI=0), 162 (32%) had shallow pockets (CPI=3) and 36 (7%) had deeper pockets (CPI=4). A higher percentage of the blind (87; 43%) than the hearing-impaired (72; 24%) subjects were periodontally healthy (CPI score=0). One-surface fillings were the most commonly provided form of past treatment. CONCLUSION The findings in this study highlight the lack of dental treatment for this group. Overall oral health status was poorer in the hearing-impaired than in the blind subjects.
A Cohesion Measure for C in the Context of an AOP Paradigm

Cohesion measures the relative functional strength of a module and impacts the internal attribute of a function such as modularity. Modularity has become an accepted approach in every engineering discipline. The concept of modular design has considerably reduced the complexity of software design. It represents the strength of bond between the internal elements of the modules. To achieve effective modularity, design concepts like functional independence are considered to be very important. Aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) has emerged over the last decade as a paradigm for separation of concerns, which aims to increase the modularity. Therefore the presence of aspects affects the cohesiveness of a module. Like any new technology, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) was introduced to solve problems related to object-orientation (OO), and more in particular Java . It was noticed that AOP’s ideas were not necessarily tied to OO (and Java) but also to less modular paradigm like imperative programming. Moreover, several metrics have been proposed to assess aspect-oriented systems quality attributes in an object oriented context. However, not much work has been done to assess the impact of AOP on imperative style of programming (also called procedural paradigm, such as C language). Therefore, metrics are required to measure quality attributes for AOP used with imperative programming. Cohesion is considered an important software quality attribute. In this context, this paper presents an approach for measuring cohesion based on dependence analysis using control flow graphs (CFG).
Forward Bias Gate Breakdown Mechanism in Enhancement-Mode p-GaN Gate AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors

In this letter, we studied the forward bias gate breakdown mechanism on enhancement-mode p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the temperature dependence of the forward gate breakdown has been characterized. We report for the first time on the observation of a positive temperature dependence, i.e., a higher temperature leads to a higher gate breakdown voltage. Such unexpected behavior is explained by avalanche breakdown mechanism: at a high positive gate bias, electron/hole pairs are generated in the depletion region at the Schottky metal/p-GaN junction. Furthermore, at a high gate bias but before the catastrophic gate breakdown, a light emission was detected by a emission microscopy measurement. This effect indicates an avalanche luminescence, which is mainly due to the recombination of the generated electron/hole pairs.
Clinical findings in oral health during progression of chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease in a Swedish population

Objective. Early detection of oral infections plays an important role for dental referral during progression of renal disease and during dialysis treatment in uraemic patients. This study investigated how oral health is related to uraemia in a group of uraemic patients in Stockholm, Sweden. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study assessed oral diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in different stages (n=93) compared with healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Differences in multiple oral outcomes, assessed by a dentist, were investigated in multivariate analyses, adjusted for tobacco habits, diabetes mellitus and uraemia status (predialysis, peritonealdialysis or haemodialysis). Results. Compared with healthy controls, uraemic patients had significantly worse dental status regarding the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index (3.3, p=0.003), periodontal loss of attachment (0.9, p=0.00002) and periapical lesions (0.6, p=0.002). For haemodialysis patients DMFT (6.5, p=0.01), periodontal loss of attachment (2.2, p=0.007) and periapical lesions (1.0, p=0.01) were worse compared with controls. The differences between uraemic patients and controls remained after adjustment for age, gender, tobacco habits and diabetes (p<0.05 for all outcomes). Conclusions. Objective measurements showed that uraemic patients have more dental problems than healthy controls and the patients seem to develop their problems before they have progressed to dialysis. Therefore greater attention to dental problems may be warranted during the progression of uraemia to prevent deterioration of oral health.
The Effect of Universal Leukodepletion of Packed Red Blood Cells on Postoperative Infections in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Surgery

We evaluated, by using a before-and-after study, the influence of leukoreduction by filtration on postoperative infections and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing elective major aortic surgery. From January 1995 to October 2000, all patients who underwent elective abdominal aortic surgery were included in the analysis. Before the introduction of systematic leukodepletion of packed red blood cells (RBCs), on April 1, 1998, 192 patients received standard or buffy-coat-depleted packed RBCs. Then, 195 patients were transfused with exclusively filtered leukodepleted packed RBCs. No major significant difference was observed between the groups of patients with regard to preoperative cardiac and pulmonary status, anesthetic and surgical techniques, or transfusion policy. No significant difference in mortality was observed between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative infections was 31% (95% confidence interval, 25%–38%) in the Control group versus 27% (95% confidence interval, 21%–33%) in the Leukodepleted group; severe infectious complications and pneumonia were not significantly different between the two groups of patients. Cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes were not significantly different between the groups. Data from this study suggest that the effect of using leukodepleted RBC on postoperative infections is not of obvious importance.
Studies on a model immunological system.

The MOPC-46 plasma cell tumor, which secretes a κ light chain, was utilized as a model in vitro system for evaluating the immunosuppressive chemical, methylthioinosine periodate oxidation product. Methylthioinosine periodate oxidation product blocked the intracellular synthesis of the protein chain and the intracellular attachment of hexoses to the protein. In addition, the methylthioinosine periodate oxidation product was able to differentiate the attachment of the carbohydrate to the protein into 2 phases—intracellularly and in or on the cell membrane.
Effect of remifentanil hydrochloride administered via constant rate infusion on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of increasing doses of remifentanil hydrochloride administered via constant rate infusion (CRI) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in cats. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURES For each cat, 2 experiments were performed (2-week interval). On each study day, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane; a catheter was placed in a cephalic vein for the administration of lactated Ringer's solution or remifentanil CRIs, and a catheter was placed in the jugular vein for collection of blood samples for blood gas analyses. On the first study day, individual basal MAC (MAC(Basal)) was determined for each cat. On the second study day, 3 remifentanil CRIs (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/kg/min) were administered (in ascending order); for each infusion, at least 30 minutes elapsed before determination of MAC (designated as MAC(R0.25), MAC(R0.5), and MAC(R1.0), respectively). A 15-minute washout period was allowed between CRIs. A control MAC (MAC(Control)) was determined after the last remifentanil infusion. RESULTS Mean +/- SD MAC(Basal) and MAC(Control) values at sea level did not differ significantly (1.66 +/- 0.08% and 1.52 +/- 0.21%, respectively). The MAC values determined for each remifentanil CRI did not differ significantly. However, MAC(R0.25), MAC(R0.5), and MAC(R1.0) were significantly decreased, compared with MAC(Basal), by 23.4 +/- 7.9%, 29.8 +/- 8.3%, and 26.0 +/- 9.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 3 doses of remifentanil administered via CRI resulted in a similar degree of isoflurane MAC reduction in adult cats, indicating that a ceiling effect was achieved following administration of the lowest dose.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor administration in vivo on lipoprotein lipase activity in various tissues of the rat.

When added to murine adipocytes in culture, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) decreases the levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Semb et al (1987. J. Biol Chem. 262: 8390-8394) have shown that administration of murine TNF to rats decreases lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the epididymal fat pad with maximal inhibition requiring several hours. We have now tested the effects of treatment of rats with TNF on LPL activity in a variety of tissues and find that few show decreases in LPL under conditions that acutely increase serum triglycerides. Ninety minutes after treatment of male rats with human TNF (25 micrograms/200 g, i.v.), serum triglycerides rose 2.2-fold but there was no decrease in LPL activity in epididymal fat. Sixteen hours after TNF treatment LPL activity had decreased by 44% in epididymal fat, consistent with the previously reported data. In contrast, in female rats, no significant decrease was seen in LPL activity in parametrial adipose tissue at either 90 min or 16 hr after TNF administration despite increases in serum triglycerides (1.8-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively). There was little change in LPL activity in most other adipose tissue sites of male or female rats at either time after TNF treatment. No effect of TNF was seen on heart or diaphragm muscle LPL at any time. TNF treatment of both male and female rats produces consistent increases in de novo hepatic lipogenesis in vivo under conditions that increase serum triglycerides. It is unlikely that the limited effects of TNF on LPL in vivo can account for the rapid and sustained increase in serum triglycerides.
Discriminative Latent Variable Models for Object Detection

(To be presented by Deva Ramanan). In this talk, I will discuss recent work by colleagues and myself on discriminative latent-variable models for object detection. Object recognition is one of the fundamental challenges of computer vision. We specifically consider the task of localizing and detecting instances of a generic object category, such as people or cars, in cluttered real-word images. Recent benchmark competitions such as the PASCAL Visual Object Challenge suggest our method is the state-of-the-art system for such tasks. This success, combined with publicallyavailable code that runs orders of magnitude faster than comparable approaches, has turned our system into a standard baseline for contemporary research on object recognition (Felzenszwalb et al., 2008; 2009).