Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infrequent or absent ovulation (anovulation), high levels of male hormones (hyperandrogenaemia) and high levels of insulin (hyperinsulinaemia secondary to increased insulin resistance). Hyperinsulinaemia is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk and the development of diabetes mellitus. Insulin-sensitising agents such as metformin may be effective in treating the features of PCOS, including anovulation. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of insulin-sensitising drugs in improving reproductive outcomes and metabolic parameters for women with PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register (October 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, 3rd Quarter 2011), CINAHL (October 2011), MEDLINE (January 1966 to October 2011), and EMBASE (January 1985 to October 2011). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of insulin sensitising drugs compared with either placebo, no treatment, or an ovulation induction agent for women with PCOS, menstrual disturbance and subfertility. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion and trial quality, and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Forty-four trials (3992 women) were included for analysis, 38 of them using metformin and involving 3495 women.There was no evidence that metformin improved live birth rates, whether it was used alone (pooled OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.52 to 6.16, 3 trials, 115 women) or in combination with clomiphene (pooled OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.56, 7 trials, 907 women). However, clinical pregnancy rates were improved for metformin versus placebo (pooled OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.51, 8 trials, 707 women) and for metformin and clomiphene versus clomiphene alone (pooled OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.96, 11 trials, 1208 women). In the studies that compared metformin and clomiphene alone, there was evidence of an improved live birth rate (pooled OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.52, 2 trials, 500 women) and clinical pregnancy rate (pooled OR 0.34, 95% 0.21 to 0.55, 2 trials, 500 women) in the group of obese women who took clomiphene.Metformin was also associated with a significantly higher incidence of gastrointestinal disturbances than placebo (pooled OR 4.27, 95% CI 2.4 to 7.59, 5 trials, 318 women) but no serious adverse effects were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In agreement with the previous review, metformin was associated with improved clinical pregnancy but there was no evidence that metformin improves live birth rates whether it is used alone or in combination with clomiphene, or when compared with clomiphene. Therefore, the role of metformin in improving reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS appears to be limited.
A numerical study on the formation of upwelling off northeast Taiwan

[1] We examined the spatial and temporal variations of upwelling off northeast Taiwan, using a fine-resolution numerical model with realistic bathymetry. The zonally running shelf break in the area deflects the Kuroshio seaward and produces upwelling on its on-shelf edge. The upwelling, in turn, manifests a cold dome or a cyclonic eddy. In depths below 150 m or so, the upwelling and hence the cyclonic eddy exist year-round. Above this depth, the eddy waxes and wanes as the upper portion of the Kuroshio migrates seaward and shoreward, respectively. The eddy event fluctuates in a wide range of timescales. Seasonally, the occurrence heavily favors summer rather than winter, because the mean Kuroshio axis migrates seaward in summer. Intraseasonally, the fluctuation contains two dominant periods centered at 70 days and 30 days. Local wind forcing and channeling by two local canyons do not affect the eddy statistics significantly.
Dysbiotic gut microbiota causes transmissible Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of failure in antimicrobial defence

Objectives Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Functional evidence for a causal role of bacteria in the development of chronic small intestinal inflammation is lacking. Similar to human pathology, TNFdeltaARE mice develop a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-driven CD-like transmural inflammation with predominant ileal involvement. Design Heterozygous TNFdeltaARE mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were housed under conventional (CONV), specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) conditions. Microbial communities were analysed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Metaproteomes were measured using LC-MS. Temporal and spatial resolution of disease development was followed after antibiotic treatment and transfer of microbial communities into GF mice. Granulocyte infiltration and Paneth cell function was assessed by immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis. Results GF-TNFdeltaARE mice were free of inflammation in the gut and antibiotic treatment of CONV-TNFdeltaARE mice attenuated ileitis but not colitis, demonstrating that disease severity and location are microbiota-dependent. SPF-TNFdeltaARE mice developed distinct ileitis-phenotypes associated with gradual loss of antimicrobial defence. 16S analysis and metaproteomics revealed specific compositional and functional alterations of bacterial communities in inflamed mice. Transplantation of disease-associated but not healthy microbiota transmitted CD-like ileitis to GF-TNFdeltaARE recipients and triggered loss of lysozyme and cryptdin-2 expression. Monoassociation of GF-TNFdeltaARE mice with the human CD-related Escherichia coli LF82 did not induce ileitis. Conclusions We provide clear experimental evidence for the causal role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in the development of chronic ileal inflammation with subsequent failure of Paneth cell function.
Drug use and pressure ulcers in long-term care units: do nurse time pressure and unfair management increase the prevalence?

AIMS This study examined the associations between nurse working conditions (time pressure and perceived unfair management) and quality indicators (prevalence of antianxiety or hypnotic drug use and pressure ulcers) in long-term care units. BACKGROUND Differences persist across long-term care facilities in their care processes and resident outcomes even after adjusting for residents' clinical conditions. Little is known about how nurses' working conditions influence the quality of care. DESIGN Survey. METHODS Data on working conditions were drawn in 2002 from 724 nurses in 66 long-term care units that reported quality indicators based on the Resident Assessment Instrument system as measured by Minimum Data Set. Percentage change in the quality indicators from 2002 were estimated using hierarchical multiple regression analyses with adjustments made for the baseline quality indicators (2001) and unit structural factors (unit size and staffing level). RESULTS Unit time pressure increased the prevalence of both quality problems (p-values <0.05). Perceived unfair management was related to increased drug use (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research suggest that quality of care can be improved by enhancing nurse working conditions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Organisational initiatives should be aimed at reducing time pressures and promoting fair managerial procedures that engage all nursing staff in the decision-making in long-term care settings.
Quality of end-of-life cancer care in Canada: a retrospective four-province study using administrative health care data.

BACKGROUND The quality of data comparing care at the end of life (eol) in cancer patients across Canada is poor. This project used identical cohorts and definitions to evaluate quality indicators for eol care in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. METHODS This retrospective cohort study of cancer decedents during fiscal years 2004-2009 used administrative health care data to examine health service quality indicators commonly used and previously identified as important to quality eol care: emergency department use, hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, chemotherapy, physician house calls, and home care visits near the eol, as well as death in hospital. Crude and standardized rates were calculated. In each province, two separate multivariable logistic regression models examined factors associated with receiving aggressive or supportive care. RESULTS Overall, among the identified 200,285 cancer patients who died of their disease, 54% died in a hospital, with British Columbia having the lowest standardized rate of such deaths (50.2%). Emergency department use at eol ranged from 30.7% in Nova Scotia to 47.9% in Ontario. Of all patients, 8.7% received aggressive care (similar across all provinces), and 46.3% received supportive care (range: 41.2% in Nova Scotia to 61.8% in British Columbia). Lower neighbourhood income was consistently associated with a decreased likelihood of supportive care receipt. INTERPRETATION We successfully used administrative health care data from four Canadian provinces to create identical cohorts with commonly defined indicators. This work is an important step toward maturing the field of eol care in Canada. Future work in this arena would be facilitated by national-level data-sharing arrangements.
Feeding and other responses of tsetse flies to man and ox and their epidemiological significance.

This paper describes some responses of male Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and G. tachinoides Westwood to men or to an ox led by men at Ilorin (8° 30' N. and 4° 30' E.) and at Yankari (9° 30' N. and 10° 30' E.) in Northern Nigeria. Collections were made in the wet season (June-July) of 1966 and in the dry season (February-March) of 1967. Laboratory work was done at the Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research at Kaduna '. Ilorin lies near the boundary between the derived savanna and Southern Guinea ecological zones and Yankari is situated in the Sudan zone. For general description of these zones reference may be made to Keay (1953) or Glover (1965). Analysis of the vegetation characteristic of these zones in no way illuminates the results reported. Ilorin is the centre of a densely populated area which, in the absence of man, would lie at the northern limit of the Nigerian closed forest. Yankari supports a savanna vegetation with an abundant population of wild life. Climatically the most conspicuous difference between the two areas appears to be that Ilorin has about 3 dry months a year (i.e. months with less than 1 inch of rain) whereas Yankari usually has 6 dry months (Pullan, 1962). At Ilorin G. m. submorsitans
REINVESTIGATION OF SPERMIOGENESIS IN THE PROTEOCEPHALIDEAN CESTODE PROTEOCEPHALUS LONGICOLLIS (ZEDER, 1800)

The reinvestigation of spermiogenesis in the proteocephalidean cestode Proteocephalus longicollis (Zeder, 1800) provides new details that were not described previously for this species. The 2 centrioles with roots are oriented at the first tangential to the long axis of the nucleus in a differentiation zone. They come to be arranged in the same plane only when a single intercentriolar body (ICB) appears between them. The ICB had been described previously as consisting of a number of dense elements (Swiderski, 1985) but, in the present study, appeared as a single, electron-dense plate. Also new for this species is the observation of 2 arching membranes that appear at the base of the differentiation zone only when the 2 flagella rotate toward the median cytoplasmic protrusion. Moreover, the formation of a crested body is described for the first time in P. longicollis. The present data support the suggestion that the process of spermiogenesis in proteocephalidean tapeworms corresponds in most features to that observed in some members of the unrelated tetraphyllidean clades, the Onchobothriidae and Phyllobothriidae. This may represent more evidence regarding the close relationship between tetraphyllidean and proteocephalidean cestodes, but existing information is fragmentary and controversial in some characters.
Mutation in Actin &ggr;-2 Responsible for Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome in 4 Chinese Patients

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanism for the development of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in 4 Chinese patients. We found a c.770G>A (p.R257H) mutation in 3 patients, and a c.769C>T (p.R257C) mutation in the fourth patient by using whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing. The immunohistochemical investigation and transmission electron microscopy revealed an apparent defect of the intestinal smooth muscle, and hypoganglionosis. Our report suggested that R257 variant in the ACTG2 appear to be more frequent in populations of Asian ancestry; mutation of this locus could cause alterations of the intestinal and bladder smooth muscle filaments.
The Recurrence Rate of Gestational Diabetes in Subsequent Pregnancies

OBJECTIVE To define the recurrence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a subsequent pregnancy and to determine what factors could be predictive. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The subjects of the index pregnancy were 480 personally cared for women with GDM. One hundred women had had a subsequent pregnancy and had been tested for GDM. RESULTS The recurrence rate of GDM was 35% (95% CI, 25.5–44.5). An increase in weight between the two pregnancies and a higher maternal age and parity were risk associates for a recurrence. A recurrence of GDM was not associated with a higher glucose level, insulin use, or fetal birth weight in the index pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS GDM occurs in only one-third of subsequent pregnancies. Those women who had a recurrence of their GDM were older, more parous, and also had an increase in weight between the pregnancies.
Une théorie de Galois imaginaire

La communauté mathématique doit être reconnaissante à Saharon Shelah pour une invention d'une ingénieuse simplicité, celle d'avoir associé à chaque structure M une structure Meq comprenant, outre les éléments de M, des “éléments imaginaires” qui sont virtuellement présents dans M. La finalité de cette construction est de pourvoir toute formule à paramètres dans M, et même dans Meq, d'un ensemble de définition minimum; tout cela est rappelé dans la première section du présent article. On peut a priori douter de l'utilité d'une construction si innocente, dont la propriété fondamentale est pratiquement évidente; et pourtant elle a été abondamment montrée par son auteur, à qui elle a permis, dans les théorèmes de classification des modèles, une décomposition des types en éléments simples, qu'on ne voit pas dans M. Cette construction d'un plus petit ensemble de définition pour une formule en rappelle une autre, qui est bien connue des algébristes, celle du corps de définition d'un idéal. Et comme la théorie des corps algébriquement clos de caractéristique donnée élimine les quanteurs, on a le sentiment que l'adjonction d'imaginaires aux modèles de cette théorie est inutile, en un mot qu'elle “élimine les imaginaires”; pour vérifier le bien-fondé de ce sentiment, il convient d'abord de préciser ce qu'on entend par là, ce qui est fait dans la deuxième section.
Effects of math anxiety and perfectionism on timed versus untimed math testing in mathematically gifted sixth graders

This study was designed to examine the effects of math anxiety and perfectionism on math performance, under timed testing conditions, among mathematically gifted sixth graders. We found that participants had worse math performance during timed versus untimed testing, but this difference was statistically significant only when the timed condition preceded the untimed condition. We also found that children with higher levels of either math anxiety or perfectionism had a smaller performance discrepancy during timed versus untimed testing, relative to children with lower levels of math anxiety or perfectionism. There were no statistically significant gender differences in overall test performance, nor in levels of math anxiety or perfectionism; however, the difference between performance on timed and untimed math testing was statistically significant for girls, but not for boys. Implications for educators are discussed.
COMPARISON OF SCIENCE COVERAGE IN HINDI AND ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS OF INDIA : A CONTENT ANALYSIS

The present study focuses on coverage of science and technology in major Hindi and English newspapers of India. The objective of the study was to find out the space given to scientific and technological information in newspapers. The comparison has also been made in Hindi and English newspapers in terms of coverage, their preferences in dealing with the subjects, the formats being used in disseminating scientific information, and the sources of information whether Indian or foreign. The research methodology which is being used is content analysis. The result indicates that science gets very little space in newspapers and English newspapers cover science more prominently than Hindi newspapers. It also reveals that the health is the most preferred topic in Indian newspapers followed by environment. However, news is the most favored format for disseminating scientific information in Indian print media.
Risk of venous thrombosis varies with different types of combined oral contraceptives

Commentary on: Stegeman BH, de Bastos M, Rosendaal FR, et al. Different combined oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;347:f5298. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are associated with a twofold to sixfold increased risk of venous thrombosis (VT). 1 Risk is highest during the first year of use, but persists until discontinuation. Although the incidence of VT is low in women of reproductive age (approximately 3/10 000 woman-years), the effect of COC in VT is significant because many women use them. All COC increase the risk of VT, but those containing third-generation progestogens (desogestrel and gestodene) augment the VT risk approximately twofold compared to oral contraceptives containing second-generation progestogens (levonorgestrel and norgestrel). The risk of VT with drugs containing cyproterone and drospirenone is similar … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.f5298%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24030561%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink? linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=347/sep12_1/f5298&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F2%2Fe11.atom
Maternal immunization with P fimbriae for the prevention of neonatal pyelonephritis

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were immunized with purified P fimbriae from Escherichia coli during the last trimester of pregnancy. Infants born of these mothers were compared with those from nonimmunized rhesus mothers. A delay in the onset of renal disease after bladder infection showed protection from passive immunization. This was associated with a high antibody titer in serum. In addition to delayed onset of renal infection, a decreased number of immunized monkeys developed pyelonephritis.
Synaptic vesicle dynamics in mouse rod bipolar cells

Abstract To better understand synaptic signaling at the mammalian rod bipolar cell terminal and pave the way for applying genetic approaches to the study of visual information processing in the mammalian retina, synaptic vesicle dynamics and intraterminal calcium were monitored in terminals of acutely isolated mouse rod bipolar cells and the number of ribbon-style active zones quantified. We identified a releasable pool, corresponding to a maximum of ≈35 vesicles/ribbon-style active zone. Following depletion, this pool was refilled with a time constant of ≈7 s. The presence of a smaller, rapidly releasing pool and a small, fast component of refilling was also suggested. Following calcium channel closure, membrane surface area was restored to baseline with a time constant that ranged from 2 to 21 s depending on the magnitude of the preceding Ca2+ transient. In addition, a brief, calcium-dependent delay often preceded the start of onset of membrane recovery. Thus, several aspects of synaptic vesicle dynamics appear to be conserved between rod-dominant bipolar cells of fish and mammalian rod bipolar cells. A major difference is that the number of vesicles available for release is significantly smaller in the mouse rod bipolar cell, both as a function of the total number per neuron and on a per active zone basis.
A nonconforming finite element method for the Stokes equations using the Crouzeix‐Raviart element for the velocity and the standard linear element for the pressure

We present a finite element method for Stokes equations using the Crouzeix‐Raviart element for the velocity and the continuous linear element for the pressure. We show that the inf‐sup condition is satisfied for this pair. Two numerical experiments are presented to support the theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular / Molecular The Micromolar Zinc-Binding Domain on the NMDA Receptor Subunit NR 2 B

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The micromolar zinc-binding domain on the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B. Julie Rachline, Florent Perin-Dureau, Anne Le Goff, Jacques Neyton, Pierre Paoletti
Embodying a New Meaning of Being At Risk

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/D) is a genetic condition that can cause fatal arrhythmias. The implantable cardioverter defibrillation (ICD) is a primary treatment for ARVC/D. Using a grounded theory approach, this study examines the experiences of 15 individuals living with an ICD. The ability to cope with and adjust to having an ICD is influenced by the acceptance of the ICD as something needed to survive, an understanding of the ICD’s function, existing support networks, and ones’ ability to manage everyday challenges. Coping well requires reshaping ideas about the meaning of being at risk and understanding how the ICD fits into that changing personal risk narrative. A thorough understanding of the unique needs of individuals with ARVC/D and of the specific factors contributing to the psychosocial distress related to having an ICD (vs. having the disease itself) is needed. Nurses must be prepared to provide ongoing support and education to this population.