Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outbreak and persistence of opportunistic symbiotic dinoflagellates during the 2005 Caribbean mass coral ‘bleaching’ event

Reef corals are sentinels for the adverse effects of rapid global warming on the planet's ecosystems. Warming sea surface temperatures have led to frequent episodes of bleaching and mortality among corals that depend on endosymbiotic micro-algae (Symbiodinium) for their survival. However, our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary response of corals to episodes of thermal stress remains inadequate. For the first time, we describe how the symbioses of major reef-building species in the Caribbean respond to severe thermal stress before, during and after a severe bleaching event. Evidence suggests that background populations of Symbiodinium trenchi (D1a) increased in prevalence and abundance, especially among corals that exhibited high sensitivity to stress. Contrary to previous hypotheses, which posit that a change in symbiont occurs subsequent to bleaching, S. trenchi increased in the weeks leading up to and during the bleaching episode and disproportionately dominated colonies that did not bleach. During the bleaching event, approximately 20 per cent of colonies surveyed harboured this symbiont at high densities (calculated at less than 1.0% only months before bleaching began). However, competitive displacement by homologous symbionts significantly reduced S. trenchi's prevalence and dominance among colonies after a 2-year period following the bleaching event. While the extended duration of thermal stress in 2005 provided an ecological opportunity for a rare host-generalist symbiont, it remains unclear to what extent the rise and fall of S. trenchi was of ecological benefit or whether its increased prevalence was an indicator of weakening coral health.
Agent Communication Languages: Rethinking the Principles Agent Communication Languages Have Been Used for Years in Proprietary Multiagent Systems. yet Agents from Different Vendors—or Even Different Research Projects—cannot Communicate with Each Other. the Author Looks at the Underlying Reasons and 

40 Computer A gents are important because they let software components interoperate within modern applications like electronic commerce and information retrieval. Most of these applications assume that components will be added dynamically and that they will be autonomous (serve different users or providers and fulfill different goals) and heterogeneous (be built in different ways). Agents can also be components themselves , which is characteristic of some promising modern systems. Some entities are misrepresented as agents. The " agents " that marketing groups sometimes refer to, for example, are typically no more than glorified search engines or user interfaces. Such entities for the most part neither are aware of nor can communicate with other entities like them. 1 In the true sense of the word, an agent is a persistent computation that can perceive its environment and reason and act both alone and with other agents. The key concepts in this definition are interoperability and autonomy. These concepts set agents apart from conventional objects, which always fulfill any methods invoked on them. Agents, in contrast, should be able to refuse an action. Thus, agents must be able to talk to each other to decide what information to retrieve or what physical action to take, such as shutting down an assembly line or avoiding a collision with another robot. The mechanism for this exchange is the agent communication language. Theoretically, an ACL should let heterogeneous agents communicate. However, none currently do: Although ACLs are being used in proprietary multiagent applications , nonproprietary agents cannot interoperate. Many believe the fault lies in the lack of a formal semantics. Past efforts to standardize on the Knowledge Query Management Language, for example, failed because many dialects arose. The sidebar " Dialects and Idiolects " later explains in more detail how this can occur. To provide agent interoperability, the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents is proposing a standard ACL based on France Télécom's Arcol. The hope is that Arcol's formal semantics will offer a rigorous basis for interoperability and prevent the proliferation of dialects. The sidebar " How Agent Communication Languages Have Evolved " describes how ACLs have attempted to realize these goals. I believe this move toward a formal semantics is essential if ACLs are to unlock the full potential of agents. I am not convinced, however, that the existing work on ACLs, especially on the semantics, is heading in the right direction. It appears …
Arthroscopic limited intercarpal fusion without bone graft in patients with Kienböck's disease.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to present our clinical results obtained in arthroscopic limited intercarpal fusion performed without using bone graft in patients with Kienböck's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 11 patients with Kienböck's disease (6 males, 5 females; mean age 28.9 years; range 14 to 51 years) who were performed arthroscopic lunate excision and scaphocapitate fusion between November 2012 and December 2013. Bain and Begg Arthroscopic Classification was used for the staging of Kienböck's disease. Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Mayo Wrist scorings were used for clinical evaluation. RESULTS Intercarpal fusion was achieved in approximately 7.2 weeks. There was a statistically significant difference in Mayo Wrist scores of postoperative third and sixth months and pre- and postoperative Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores. There was no postoperative complication. CONCLUSION According to our study findings, arthroscopic limited intercarpal fusion without using bone graft may be performed in patients with Kienböck's disease. Satisfactory clinical and functional results were obtained as a result of treatment with this method in stage 3 and 4 Kienböck's disease.
Ambulatory surgery and the hospital

Ambulatory surgery can be a win-win proposition for patients, physicians, payers, and even for hospitals. The main elements at risk are high costs and the traditional models of hospital-based surgical care. If hospitals delay their responses to the challenges of the freestanding surgicenter, the latter will become as common as the multispecialty group practice. Health care institutions need to address some questions in responding to this trend: how hospitals should act to transform their bureaucratic, inefficient systems; who should assume the leadership role; and how much autonomy and pluralism will be appropriate.
Single agent carboplatin for CS IIA/B testicular seminoma. A phase II study of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group (GTCSG).

BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate the use of single agent carboplatin in patients with seminoma stage IIA/B. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective phase II trial, single agent carboplatin at a dose of AUC 7 mg.min/ml every 4 weeks for three cycles in stage IIA (n=51) or four cycles in stage IIB (n=57) was given to 108 patients with previously untreated seminoma stage IIA/B. Patients with residual masses of >or=3 cm were scheduled to receive secondary surgery. RESULTS A complete response (CR) was achieved by 88/108 (81%) patients, 17/108 (16%) achieved a partial response (PR), two of 108 (2%) showed no change, and one patient progressed. In all patients with PR the residual disease was <or=3 cm; yet in two of 17 patients with PR, in two of two patients with NC and in one patient with disease progression residual tumor resection was performed demonstrating vital seminoma. Toxicity was acceptable with grades 3 and 4 myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting in less than 10% of patients each. After a median follow-up of 28 months (range 1-68 months) 14/108 (13%) patients relapsed, all after having achieved a CR. All relapses occurred in the retroperitoneum. One patient died from an unrelated cause. The overall failure rate was 19/108 patients (18%). The overall and disease specific survival was 99% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Four cycles of single agent carboplatin AUC 7 do not safely eradicate retroperitoneal metastases in patients with stage IIA/B seminoma.
Impact of compliance with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment on cardiovascular risk Benefits of fixed-dose combinations

Despite the favorable impact of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, patient compliance is frequently poor in clinical practice even in high risk popula- tions. This leads to worsening of clinical outcomes and higher long-term healthcare costs. Several measures have been proposed to improve compliance. Single-pill formulations that would contain various drugs treating CV risk factors can improve the compliance and lead to a long overdue reduction in vascular events. The aim of this review is to emphasize the lack of compliance with prescribed lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs along with its impact on CV mortality and morbidity and present the benefits of fixed-dose combinations in regard to patient compliance and CV risk.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain Newman and Comparative Analysis of Staphylococcal Genomes: Polymorphism and Evolution of Two Major Pathogenicity Islands

ABSTRACT Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen, display up to 20% variability in their genome sequence, and most sequence information is available for human clinical isolates that have not been subjected to genetic analysis of virulence attributes. S. aureus strain Newman, which was also isolated from a human infection, displays robust virulence properties in animal models of disease and has already been extensively analyzed for its molecular traits of staphylococcal pathogenesis. We report here the complete genome sequence of S. aureus Newman, which carries four integrated prophages, as well as two large pathogenicity islands. In agreement with the view that S. aureus Newman prophages contribute important properties to pathogenesis, fewer virulence factors are found outside of the prophages than for the highly virulent strain MW2. The absence of drug resistance genes reflects the general antibiotic-susceptible phenotype of S. aureus Newman. Phylogenetic analyses reveal clonal relationships between the staphylococcal strains Newman, COL, NCTC8325, and USA300 and a greater evolutionary distance to strains MRSA252, MW2, MSSA476, N315, Mu50, JH1, JH9, and RF122. However, polymorphism analysis of two large pathogenicity islands distributed among these strains shows that the two islands were acquired independently from the evolutionary pathway of the chromosomal backbones of staphylococcal genomes. Prophages and pathogenicity islands play central roles in S. aureus virulence and evolution.
A hypnosis control system using a model predictive controller with online identification of individual parameters

For the purpose of maintaining hypnosis level of patients during general anesthesia appropriately, we have developed a hypnosis control system with a function of online identification of individual parameters. As the control strategy, model predictive control, which can take the dead time included in the bispectral index (BIS) response to propofol infusion into account rigorously, is used. The online identification function obtains pharmacodynamic parameters and the dead time for each individual patient from the BIS response for the first few minutes of anesthesia induction. With the approval by the Ethics Committee of Kyoto University Hospital, the system was applied clinically, and its effectiveness in maintaining hypnosis level accurately and reducing the amount of propofol infusion was confirmed
P 53 and SOX 2 Protein Expression Predicts Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Response to emoradiotherapy Neoadjuvant

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between p53, SOX2, and CD44 protein expression and tumor response, and to validate potential predictive biomarker(s) in an independent cohort. Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery has become a standard of care for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the response to nCRT is highly variable among patients. Methods: EAC patients who underwent nCRT and surgery, between January 2003 and December 2014 at the Erasmus University Medical Center, were included and divided into a primary (n1⁄4 77) and a validation cohort (n1⁄4 70). P53, SOX2, and CD44 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in pretreatment tumor biopsies, and scored independently by 2 investigators. Response to nCRTwas assessed based on tumor regression grade (TRG) in the resection specimen. Results: Forty-one (53%) patients in the primary cohort and 33 (47%) patients in the validation cohort showed major response (TRG1 or TRG2) in the resection specimen. Aberrant p53 and absence of SOX2 were associated with major response in the primary cohort: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3–30.1) and adjusted OR 4.1 (95% CI, 1.4–12.4), respectively. The same was true for the validation cohort (p53: adjusted OR 8.6; 95% CI, 0.93–80.9 and SOX2: adjusted OR 6.1; 95% CI, 1.6–23.4). The highest probability of a major response was seen in patients with concurrent aberrant p53 and absence of SOX2 expression, with an OR of 6.7 (95% CI,
Effect of dietary supplementation with resveratrol on nutrient digestibility, methanogenesis and ruminal microbial flora in sheep.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on methanogenesis and microbial flora in Dorper × thin-tailed Han cross-bred ewes. In experiment 1, ten ewes (67.2 ± 2.24 kg BW) were assigned to two dietary treatments, a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with resveratrol (0.25 g/head·day), to investigate the effect of resveratrol on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. In experiment 2, six ewes (64.0 ± 1.85 kg BW) with ruminal cannulae were assigned to the identical dietary treatments used in experiment 1 to investigate supplementary resveratrol on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora using qPCR. The results showed that supplementary resveratrol improved the digestibility of organic matter (OM; p < 0.001), nitrogen (N; p = 0.007), neutral detergent fibre (NDF; p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF; p < 0.001). The excretion of faecal N was reduced (p = 0.007), whereas that of urinary N increased (p = 0.002), which led to an unchanged N retention (p = 0.157). Both CO2 and CH4 output scaled to digestible dry matter (DM) intake decreased from 602.5 to 518.7 (p = 0.039) and 68.2 to 56.6 (p < 0.001) respectively. Ruminal pH (p = 0.341), ammonia (p = 0.512) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) (p = 0.249) were unaffected by resveratrol. The molar proportion of propionate increased from 13.1 to 17.5% (p < 0.001) while that of butyrate decreased from 11.0 to 9.55% (p < 0.001). The ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P) decreased from 5.44 to 3.96 (p < 0.001). Supplementary resveratrol increased ruminal population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (p < 0.001) while decreased protozoa and methanogens. In conclusion, dietary resveratrol inhibited methanogenesis without adversely affecting ruminal fermentation.
Muscarinic Stimulation and Antagonism and Glucoregulation in Nondiabetic and Obese Hyperglycemic Mice

Plasma glucose and insulin responses to a muscarinic agonist (bethanechol chloride) and a muscarinic antagonist (atropine) were evaluated in obese C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and in lean C57BL/6J + /? mice. In lean + /? mice, plasma glucose decreased in response to 1 and 2 μg/g bethanechol chloride, whereas insulin increased significantly. In ob/ob mice, insulin increased remarkably in response to bethanechol administration (saline, 632 ± 80 μU/ml; 2 μg/g bethanechol chloride, 1794 ± 97 μU/ml; n = 10), but surprisingly, plasma glucose also rose significantly (saline, 230 ± 14 mg/dl; 2 μg/g bethanechol chloride, 363 ± 18 mg/dl, n = 10). This exaggerated hyperglycemie in ob/ob mice was not associated with significant changes in plasma glucagon. Furthermore, administration of propranolol hydrochloride did not diminish bethanechol chloride-induced hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice. Administration of atropine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body wt) induced a significant decrease in plasma insulin without changes in plasma glucose in ob/ob mice, whereas neither plasma insulin nor plasma glucose changed in lean mice. Finally, conversion of [14C]alanine to glucose was increased in ob/ob mice after bethanechol chloride administration, indicating that muscarinic stimulation increases gluconeogenesis in an animal model of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
Adaptive Prescribed Performance Motion Control of Servo Mechanisms with Friction Compensation

This paper proposes an adaptive control for a class of nonlinear mechanisms with guaranteed transient and steady-state performance. A performance function characterizing the convergence rate, maximum overshoot, and steady-state error is used for the output error transformation, such that stabilizing the transformed system is sufficient to achieve the tracking control of the original system with a priori prescribed performance. A continuously differentiable friction model is adopted to account for the friction nonlinearities, for which primary model parameters are online updated. A novel high-order neural network with only a scalar weight is developed to approximate unknown nonlinearities and to dramatically diminish the computational costs. Comparative experiments on a turntable servo system are included to verify the reliability and effectiveness.
Traumatic brain injury results in disparate regions of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression that are temporally limited

Axonal injury is a major hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and it seems likely that therapies directed toward enhancing axon repair could potentially improve functional outcomes. One potential target is chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which are major axon growth inhibitory molecules that are generally, but not always, up‐regulated after central nervous system injury. The current study was designed to determine temporal changes in cerebral cortical mRNA or protein expression levels of CSPGs and to determine their regional localization and cellular association by using immunohistochemistry in a controlled cortical impact model of TBI. The results showed significant increases in versican mRNA at 4 and 14 days after TBI but no change in neurocan, aggrecan, or phosphacan. Semiquantitative Western blot (WB) analysis of cortical CSPG protein expression revealed a significant ipsilateral decrease of all CSPGs at 1 day after TBI. Lower CSPG protein levels were sustained until at least 14 days, after which the levels began to normalize. Immunohistochemistry data confirm previous reports of regional increases in CSPG proteins after CNS injury, seen primarily within the developing glial scar after TBI, but also corroborate the WB data by revealing wide areas of pericontusional tissue that are deficient in both extracellular and perineuronal net‐associated CSPGs. Given the evidence that CSPGs are largely inhibitory to axonal growth, we interpret these data to indicate a potential for regional spontaneous plasticity after TBI. If this were the case, the gradual normalization of CSPG proteins over time postinjury would suggest that this may be temporally as well as regionally limited. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithmique des courbes elliptiques dans les corps finis. (Algorithms for elliptic curves over finite fields)

Cette these est consacree au calcul du nombre de points d'une courbe elliptique definie sur un corps fini. Nous etudions dans une premiere partie l'algorithme de Schoof et ses variantes dues a Atkin et a Elkies. Nous montrons ainsi en quelle mesure ces algorithmes, initialement prevus pour des corps de grande caracteristique, peuvent s'appliquer a ceux de petite caracteristique. Il s'avere que la majeure partie des idees d'Atkin et Elkies sont applicables a cette derniere famille de corps, a quelques modifications mineures pres, excepte le calcul d'isogenies entre courbes elliptiques. C'est pourquoi, nous etudions dans une deuxieme partie cinq algorithmes de calcul d'isogenies. Le premier algorithme est l'algorithme original d'Atkin pour le cas des corps de grande caracteristique. Les deuxieme et troisieme algorithme sont ceux de Couveignes pour les corps de petite caracteristique. Enfin, nous proposons a notre tour un quatrieme algorithme pour le cas specifique de la caracteristique deux et montrons dans un cinquieme algorithme comment ces idees peuvent se generaliser a des corps de caracteristique p impaire pour des isogenies de degre l borne par 2p. D'un point de vue plus pratique, nous explicitons dans une troisieme partie les methodes de programmation mises en oeuvre pour implanter les algorithmes precedents. Nous y presentons notamment ZEN, une librairie de calcul qui permet une programmation efficace en langage C de toute extension algebrique d'un anneau fini. Enfin, nous expliquons comment nous utilisons le programme obtenu pour calculer efficacement le nombre de points de courbes definies dans tout corps finis a moins de 10^100 elements. En particulier, nous montrons comment trouver ainsi des courbes elliptiques ayant de bonnes proprietes cryptographiques.
GLOMUS ETUNICATUM ROOT INOCULATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID INDUCED NACL TOLERANCE BY REGULATION OF NAC 1 & LeNHX 1 GENE EXPRESSION AND IMPROVED PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE IN TOMATO SEEDLINGS

Salinity stress hampers plant growth and cause significant yield losses thus induction of salinity stress tolerance in crop plants is one of major goals of agriculture research. Arbuscular mycorhizae fungi Glomus etunicatum and acetyl salicylic acid were tested for induction of NaCl stress tolerance in tomato seedlings, cultivar No. 4. The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus etunicatum and exogenously sprayed with acetyl salicylic acid (0.30 mM) followed by salinity stress (150 mM). It was observed that both Glomus etunicatum and acetyl salicylic acid (singly or in combination) were significantly effective to minimize the injurious effects of salinity by improving root morphological parameters (length, diameter, surface area, volume and number of tips, nodes, bifurcations and connections), photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthesis Pn, stomatal conductance Gs) and chlorophyll contents compared to sole salinity treatment. The bio-inoculant Glomus etunicatum and chemical ameliorator acetyl salicylic acid also notably improved vegetative (fresh and dry weights) and reproductive growth (percent seedlings with flower buds and opened flowers, number of flower buds and opened flowers per seedling) of the plants as compared to the sole salinity treatment. The studied salt responsive genes (LeNHX1 and NAC1) were also regulated to different extents in seedling roots and leaves which was consistent with enhanced salinity stress tolerance. From these observations it is suggested that the individual or synergetic use of the AMF (Glomus etunicatum) and acetyl salicylic acid can be useful for tomato cultivation in the marginally salinity effected soils and warrants further investigations.