Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in intracranial pressure monitoring and outcomes in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVES To describe between-hospital and patient-level variation in intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and to evaluate ICP monitoring in association with hospital features and outcome in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Children's hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System database (January 2001 to June 2011). PARTICIPANTS Children (aged <18 years) with TBI and head Abbreviated Injury Scale scores of at least 3 who were ventilated for at least 96 consecutive hours or who died in the first 4 days after hospital admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Monitoring of ICP. RESULTS A total of 4667 children met the study criteria. Hospital mortality was 41% (n = 1919). Overall, 55% of patients (n = 2586) received ICP monitoring. Expected hospital ICP monitoring rates after adjustment for patient age, cardiac arrest, inflicted injury, craniotomy or craniectomy, head Abbreviated Injury Scale score, and Injury Severity Score were 47% to 60%. Observed hospital ICP monitoring rates were 14% to 83%. Hospitals with more observed ICP monitoring, relative to expected, and hospitals with higher patient volumes had lower rates of mortality or severe disability. After adjustment for between-hospital variation and patient severity of injury, ICP monitoring was independently associated with age 1 year and older (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.5-3.8) vs age younger than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS There was significant between-hospital variation in ICP monitoring that cannot be attributed solely to differences in case mix. Hospitals that monitor ICP more frequently and hospitals with higher patient volumes had better patient outcomes. Infants with TBI are less likely to receive ICP monitoring than are older children.
Ionizing Irradiation of Adults of Angoumois Grain Moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Indianmeal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Prevent Reproduction, and Implications for a Generic Irradiation Treatment for Insects

Abstract Ionizing irradiation is used as a phytosanitary treatment against quarantine pests. A generic treatment of 400 Gy has been approved for commodities entering the United States against all insects except pupae and adults of Lepidoptera because some literature citations indicate that a few insects, namely, the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are not completely controlled at that dose. Radiotolerance in insects increases as the insects develop, so the minimum absorbed dose to prevent F1 egg hatch for these two species when irradiated as adults was examined. Also, because hypoxia is known to increase radiotolerance in insects, Angoumois grain moth radiotolerance was tested in a hypoxic atmosphere. A dose range of 336–388 Gy prevented F1 egg hatch from a total of 22,083 adult Indianmeal moths. Dose ranges of 443–505 and 590–674 Gy, respectively, prevented F1 egg hatch from a total of 15,264 and 13,677 adult Angoumois grain moths irradiated in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. A generic dose of 600 Gy for all insects in ambient atmospheres might be efficacious, although many fresh commodities may not tolerate it when applied on a commercial scale.
Comparative effects of the antitumor agents 5-(Dimethyltriazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea on cell cycle of L1210 leukemia cells in vivo.

The effects of the antitumor agents 5-(dimethyltriazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea on the cell cycle of L1210 cells in vivo were studied by autoradiographic techniques following pulse labeling with thymidine-3H and following double labeling with thymidine-3H and -14C. DIC produced a prolongation of the G2 period of the mitotic cycle. The magnitude of the G2 prolongation correlated with the dose and with the magnitude of destruction of L1210 cells, as measured by the bioassay and dye exclusion techniques. Consistent with the effect on the G2 period was the observation that DIC adversely affected RNA and protein biosyntheses more than DNA biosynthesis and that the mean content of DNA per cell increased following exposure to DIC. 1,3-bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea produced a prolongation of the S phase (DNA synthesis phase) of the mitotic cycle which was dose related and correlated with the magnitude of cell destruction. The implications of these findings with respect to the mechanism of drug action are discussed.
Polymorphism of Heavy-Chain Genes in Immunoglobulins of Wild Mice

The serums of 123 wild mice from six different geographic locations in the United States contain five of the six known heavy-chain antigenic determinants that have been identified in immunoglobulin of inbred laboratory strains of mice. On the basis of the distribution of determinants in inbred strains,44 of the mice were judged to be heterozygotes of various combinations and two had combinations of determinants that were unusual and could only have occurred in laboratory inbred mice by recombination.
Rhizobacteria of Cotton and Their Repression of Seedling Disease Pathogens

During the 1983 field season, the rhizobacteria (including organisms from rhizosphere soil and the root rhizoplane) of cotton plants at one location in Mississippi were inventoried at different plant growth stages. Isolates (1,000) were identified to the genus level and characterized for repression of Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Cotton seedlings were initially colonized by bacteria of many different genera, and populations quickly reached 108 CFU/g of root tissue. As the season progressed, the bacterial populations declined as root mass increased and the roots became more woodlike in consistency. Fluorescent pseudomonads were the most numerous gram-negative rhizobacterial isolates of those that were randomly collected and identified, and they provided the largest number of isolates with fungal repressive activity. Several other gram-negative bacterial genera were recovered throughout the growing season, and some gram-positive bacteria were also isolated routinely, but at lower numbers. There was no correlation between the proportion of rhizobacterial isolates that possessed fungal repressive activity and the plant growth stage from which the isolates were obtained. Approximately twice as many bacterial isolates demonstrated fungal repression in the agar assay compared with the inplanta assay, and isolates were found more frequently with fungal repressive activity against P. ultimum than against R. solai.
Schizophrenia: age at onset, gender and familial risk

In a family history study of 366 schizophrenic probands and their 1851 first‐degree relatives, we found a relationship between age at onset of psychosis in the male probands and the risk for schizophrenia in their relatives. The relatives of male schizophrenic probands whose onset of psychosis occurred when they were younger than 17 years of age had an increased risk of schizophrenia when compared with the relatives of male probands with an age at onset greater than 17. We did not find an association between age at onset of psychosis in the female probands and familial risk. Cox proportional hazards models permitted us to examine the relationship between age at onset of psychosis in the probands and familial risk while controlling for possible confounding effects.
The origins of house and home

Abstract Excavations in course at the site of Qermez Dere in north Iraq have revealed a stratified sequence dating from the end of the epi‐palaeolithic period into the earliest centuries of the early neolithic. A sequence of subterranean houses belonging in the latter part of that time‐span (8250–7900 bc) is remarkable for the elaborate care and effort spent on their construction, maintenance and demolition/replacement. Each house was kept very clean, and there is a distinct lack of debris and even the equipment of everyday life. Each house was equipped with one or more non‐structural clay pillars. At the end of the series six weathered human crania were placed on the floor of the last house as it was being obliterated. These very early neolithic houses are contrasted with those of the preceding epi‐palaeolithic of the Levant, and it is suggested that they represent an important change in the perception of the house as home and the focus of attitudes and activities of symbolic social significance concerne.
Biological Interpretation of the Correlation of Emergence Times of Permanent Teeth

The eruption mechanism is not fully understood. It is known that the dental follicle is essential and that experimentally provoked denervation influence the process of eruption. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the eruption pattern in a human population and relate this pattern to the pattern of jaw innervation. The eruption pattern was evaluated from the correlation between the emergence times of different teeth in the permanent dentition based on longitudinal data from a large national registry (12,642 boys and 12,095 girls). Correlations coefficients were generally high (>0.5) and higher between teeth within the same tooth groups (i.e. incisors, canines and premolars, and molars) than between teeth from different tooth groups. It was shown that the correlation in emergence of teeth closely followed the pattern of innervation of the jaws. Thus the study supported the hypothesis concerning a possible association between eruption and innervation.
Emerald Article : Facebook use by Library and Information Science students

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Library and Information Science (LIS) students’ patterns of Facebook use are affected by personality characteristics (e.g. extroversion, introversion, self-esteem) and by their perceptions about Facebook. Design/methodology/approach – Different questionnaires were distributed to 140 LIS students in a prominent LIS department in Israel. Findings – The present research revealed that personality characteristics as well as gender, level of education and age influence both LIS students’ patterns of Facebook use, and their perceptions about Facebook. Practical implications – LIS educators should expose MA and PhD students more to social networking sites, enabling them to experience their advantages and disadvantages in the personal as well as professional realms. This exposure may cause these students to use social networks in their future work as librarians or information scientists, understanding that these platforms can serve as an additional channel of communication with their patrons. Originality/value – The findings emphasize the importance of individual differences in technology use and acceptance, and may lead to further research in this field.
Prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of p53, bax, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL in resected non‐small‐cell lung cancers

Aims : Some experimental evidence suggests that in lung cancer, development, progression and an increased proliferation rate can be linked to apoptosis‐related factors. In this study we evaluated the possible role of p53 and Bcl‐2 gene family members as prognostic factors for non‐small‐cell lung cancer.
Intracellular changes in cells of Escherichia coli infected with a filamentous bacteriophage.

The infective process of a filamentous bacteriophage was studied in the electron microscope using thin sections of cells of Escherichia coli infected at a high multiplicity. Marked intracellular changes beginning after about 20 min. consisted of multiple layer membraneous structures and mesosomes formed by the invagination of the cell wall and the protoplasmic membrane. At the same time many particles were extruded and appeared in transverse section as small circles with a black dot, believed to be the nucleic acid core. It was difficult to see particles within the cell or being extruded from it, but some evidence suggested that bacteriophage synthesis was occurring near the cell wall. There was no abrupt lysis; the cell contents slowly leaked out leaving an intact cell envelope. 179
Cytomegalovirus‐Induced Polyarteritis Nodosa in a Liver Transplant Recipient

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotizing vasculitis that has been associated with viral infections, especially hepatitis B virus. We hereby report a case of tissue‐invasive cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐induced PAN in a liver transplant recipient presenting with acute kidney injury and active urinary sediment. Treatment directed against both PAN and CMV resulted in improvement in kidney function, normalization of urinary indices and resolution of the CMV infection. There was no recurrence of either PAN or CMV after a 3‐year follow‐up period.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Air Traffic Control

This research is an exploratory study that evaluates the potential for using a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality headset in air traffic control scenarios by considering whether they offer advantages in identifying potential in-flight collisions in comparison to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) displays. Presenting large volumes of data on 2D displays may limit speed and efficiency of air traffic control work. By comparison, virtual reality (VR) allows users to experience immersion within a virtual environment which facilitates different modes of interaction with large and complex datasets. Fifteen participants were involved in this explorative study, none of whom were trained air traffic controllers. Each participant observed a number of simulated flight scenarios using both a 2D display and a 3D VR headset. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data was collected using simulation event logs and post-observation questionnaires. The quantitative data from the simulation logs generally shows that potential collisions are detected more quickly using VR. Despite this, participants did not feel as able to detect potential collisions using virtual reality.
Tissue and Plasma Concentrations of Amidated and Glycine-Extended Glucagon-Like Peptide I in Humans

Using specific radioimmunoassays, we studied the occurrence of amidated and glycine-extended glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-I) molecules in the human small intestine and pancreas and in the circulation system in response to a breakfast meal. Through gel permeation chromatography of extracts of the human pancreas (n = 5), we found that 71% of the GLP-I immunoreactivity eluted as a large molecule corresponding to the major proglucagon fragment, 24% corresponded to GLP-I 1–36 amide, and 5% to GLP-I 1–37. By gel permeation chromatography of extracts of human small intestine (n = 6), we found that all immunoreactivity eluted in one peak at the common elution position of the two insulin-releasing peptides, GLP-I 7–36 amide and GLP-I 7–37. Of the GLP-I immunoreactivity, 80% corresponded to GLP-I 7–36 amide and 20% to GLP-I 7–37. The mean concentrations of amidated GLP-I and glycine-extended GLP-I in fasting plasma were 7 ± 1 and 6 ± 1 pM, respectively (n = 6). In response to a breakfast meal, the concentration of amidated GLP-I rose significantly amounting to 41 ± 5 pM 90 min after the meal ingestion, whereas the concentration of glycine-extended GLP-I only rose slightly to a maximum of 10 ± 1 pM. Thus, both amidated and glycine-extended GLP-I molecules are produced in the small intestine and in the pancreas in humans. Both amidated and glycine-extended GLP-I are measurable in fasting plasma. The higher meal response of amidated GLP-I compared with glycine-extended GLP-I probably reflects the larger amount of amidated GLP-I produced in the tissues compared with glycine-extended GLP-I.
Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean

Modern and foss11 chemoautotrophlc communitiessupported by organ~c-nch whale skeletons have been reported flom the bathyal-abyssal seafloor I n the eastern and western North Paciflc Based on studies w ~ t h the research submersible ALVIN, w e describe here general habitat charactenstics and macroand megafaunal community structure of one such cominunity estimated to be >4 yr old associated with an 18 m baleanoptend skeleton at 1240 m in the Santa Catalina Basln (SCB) off California, USA The vls~ble remains of the whale in 1988-91 conslsted of partially burled skeletal inaterlal (prlmarlly vertebrae and the head complex) with a plan area of approx~mately 7 9 m 2 White and yellow mats of sulfur-ox~dizlng bacteria covered many of the bone surfaces yleldlng a n estimated mat area of at least 4 0 m q o n e collections Indicated a total attached macrofaunal community of at least 12490 ~ n d ~ v ~ d u a l s dlstnbuted among 243 specles, with 6 species w ~ t h population sizes of > 1000 lndlvlduals Megafauna associated wlth the skeleton conslsted prlinarlly of the vesicomy~d clam Veslcomya cf gigas, w ~ t h an estimated populat~on slze of 400 to 800 l n d ~ v ~ d u a l s The whale-skeleton fauna1 community was taxonomically dlstinct from that of the surrounding SCB, with >97 '% of its individuals belonging to specles very rare or absent in background sediments The whale-skeleton assemblage exhlblted strong taxonomic and functional affin~lles to other deep-sea reduclng habltats ( e g hydrothermal vents and cold seeps), marked by a prominence of veslcomyld clams and myt111d mussels with sulfide-oxld~zing, chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts In addition, 5 of the whalefall specles (Pyropelta corymba, P musalca, Bathykurjla guaymasensls, Idasola washlnytonla and Coccuhna c r a l g s m t h ~ ) also appear to occur at Juan d e Fuca and/or Guaymas Basln hydrothermal vents, desplte geographic separation of 1800 kin We conclude that whale falls may nurture substantial sulfide-dependent communities at the deep-sea floor, and that some species may be dispelsing to hydrothermal vents from whale-fall habitat islands
Ownership and Use of Mobile Phone Among Farmers in North Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State.

The study examined the use of mobile phone by farmers in selected communities of North Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State. Interview schedule was used to collect data from a sampled of 120 respondents. Percentage, frequency and mean score were used in analyzing data. The results showed 72% of the respondents attended primary to tertiary level of education with about 62% having farming experienced of over 15years. Majority of the respondents were engaged in farming as their primary occupation. Most (66%) owned mobile phone and found it very effective in sourcing and sending information regarding to their farming business. High cost of service charges, poor quality of mobile phone and its accessories were the top ranking constraints against the effective usage of mobile phone. The study concluded that for farmers to use mobile phone effectively for extension communication, all the constraints to its effective use need to be seriously addressed.
[The effect of dog bilateral distraction osteogensis in temporomandibular joint].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the condyles. METHODS 16 adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into normal control group and experiment group. Experimental dogs underwent bilateral mandibular osteodistraction at a rate of 1 min/day. 4 dogs were killed respectively in distraction period, 2 and 8 weeks after completion of 10 days distraction. The bilateral condyles specimens were harvested and examined with histological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, various degrees of irregularities and erosion were found in fibrocartilage of condyle in experiment group, including damage in fibrous layer, hyperplasia layer and proliferative layer and osteogenic activity in cartilage layer. A significant increase of TGF-beta1 expression was also found in experiment groups. TGF-beta1 positive staining was noted in hypertrophic cell, matrix and chondroblast, osteoblast and matrix in osteogenic activity areas. These changes were the most obvious in 2 weeks after completion of distraction. CONCLUSION Gradual bilateral mandibular distraction at a rate of 1 mm/day brought degenerative changes of condyle, but the changes are reversible.
Assessment of flow-mediated dilation reproducibility: a nationwide multicenter study

Objective: Impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and provides prognostic information. Despite the noninvasive nature of this technique, a major limitation to its widespread use is low reproducibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate impact of methodological standardization among different investigation sites on brachial artery FMD reproducibility. Methods: Seven Italian centers recruited 135 healthy volunteers, aged 20–60 years. FMD was assessed by high-resolution ultrasound equipped with a stereotactic probe-holding device. Certified sonographers recorded brachial artery scans at baseline (day 1a), 1 h after (day 1b), and 1 month later (day 30). Endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIVD) to sublingual glyceril-trinitrate was recorded at day 1 and day 30. FMD and EIVD were blindly evaluated at the coordinating center by an automated edge detection system. The intra-session (day 1a versus 1b) and inter-session (day 1a versus 30) coefficients of variation were calculated. Results: FMD was not significantly (P = 0.91) different at day 1a, day 1b and day 30 (6.52 ± 2.9, 6.42 ± 3.1, 6.57 ± 2.8%, respectively). The FMD intra-session coefficient of variation was 9.9 ± 8.4% (from 7.6 to 11.9% across centers). The FMD inter-session coefficient of variation was 12.9 ± 11.6% (from 11.6 to 16.1% across centers). Inter-session coefficient of variation for EIDV was 19.7 ± 16.8%. Conclusions: This study shows a homogeneous coefficient of variation for FMD among different centers. The inter-session coefficient of variation was similar to the intra-session coefficient of variation, representing the intrinsic FMD variability. We demonstrate for the first time that rigorous and standardized procedure may provide reproducible FMD assessment to study endothelial function in multicenter clinical trials.