Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of roasting and boiling on the yield, quality and oxidative stability of extracted soya bean oil

In this study, the effect of roasting and boiling on the yield and oxidative stability of soya beanoil was investigated. The oil was soxhlet extracted and the oxidative stability was determined bythe free fatty acid value, acid value and peroxide value. The results showed that the oil yield, freefatty acid value, acid value and peroxide value were significantly affected by roasting, boiling,and the thermal treatment time. The percentage oil yield in the control oil sample was 18.51%,which increased to 20.24% and 20.73% after boiling and roasting respectively, at 40mins. Thecorresponding free fatty acid and the peroxide value of the control oil sample were 0.14% and2.04 meqO2/kg, which increased to 0.82% and 6.60 meqO2/kg by roasting, and 0.47% and 5.62meqO2/kg by boiling respectively. Thus the oil yield, free fatty acid value, peroxide value, andacid value increased with increasing roasting and boiling time.The results indicate that roasting provides a higher oil yield than boiling, but boiled oil hashigher oxidative stability than roasted oil.
CSR, Employee Job Attitude and Behavior: Saudi Bank Experience

The present study explores the relation- ship between the external CSR practices of the organizations and employees’ job satisfaction, employee engagement and organizational cit- izenship behavior in the context of the Saudi banking industry. A positive relationship between CSR and employee job satisfaction, employee engagement and organizational citizenship be- havior related to the organization is observed. However, the organizational citizenship behavior related to individual is found unrelated to CSR. The theoretical foundation of the study is ground- ed in the spirit of social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1979) and social exchange theory (Blau, 1964). The study implies that involvement in ex- ternal CSR may be a determinant for maintaining a motivated and enthusiastic workforce.
BoDy DIssatIsfaCtIon Correlates wIth Inter-Peer ComPetItIveness, not meDIa exPosure: a BrIef rePort

Although scholars and professional organizations regularly lament the influence of media on women's body dissatisfaction, research evidence to support such concerns remains inconsistent. In 2011, Ferguson, Winegard, and Winegard proposed a Catalyst Model of women's body dissatisfaction which provided a diathesis-stress perspective on such phenomenon. The Catalyst Model argued that women's body dissatisfaction was influenced by peer competition with other proximal women rather than distal depictions of women in the media. This hypothesis was tested in this study, with a sample of 21 8 young Mexican American women. Body dissatisfaction was predicted primarily by larger body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms and feelings of inferiority in comparison to other women. Exposure to thin-ideal images on television did not correlate with body dissatisfaction. Life satisfaction among young women was related to depression levels, perceptions of parental affection and body dissatisfaction, but not to exposure to t.
Corruption and Development

This public sector note analyzes the issue of the growing recognition and discussion of corruption, and in turn facilitates addressing its costs and causes. Through the examination of corruption causes in developing countries and transition economies, it is suggested that prevailing bribery, hence corruption, imposes a significant tax on foreign direct investment in all regions. Thus the cost of capital for firms increases greatly. The note focuses on the creation of a political will and constructive pressure, as well as assistance from international organizations and donors in fighting corruption, by supporting government reforms in economic policies, institutions, and the pursuit of a healthy civil society.
Candidate Persistence and Personality Test Practice Effects: Implications for Staffing System Management

Candidates persist in selection settings for numerous reasons, prompting several concerns regarding staffing-system management. Predictors of the propensity to retest and personality test practice effects were investigated among a sample of 15,338 candidates who applied for supervisory positions (and 357 who repeated the selection process) over a 4-year period with a large organization in the service industry. Results reveal greater likelihood of retesting among internal candidates and overall evidence of small-to-moderate personality test practice effects. Compared to passing candidates who retested for various reasons, failing candidates pursued alternative response strategies upon retesting and generated dimension-level practice effects that reached . 40 to . 60, whereas passing candidates generally replicated their initial profiles. For several subscales, low initial scores were associated with practice effects that exceeded a full standard deviation. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Vertical jumping in Galago senegalensis: the quest for an obligate mechanical power amplifier

Bushbabies ( Galago senegalensis ) are renowned for their phenomenal jumping capacity. It was postulated that mechanical power amplification must be involved. Dynamic analysis of the vertical jumps performed by two bushbabies confirms the need for a power amplifier. Inverse dynamics coupled to a geometric musculo–skeletal model were used to elucidate the precise nature of the mechanism powering maximal vertical jumps. Most of the power required for jumping is delivered by the vastus muscle–tendon systems (knee extensor). Comparison with the external joint–powers revealed, however, an important power transport from this extensor (about 65%) to the ankle and the midfoot via the bi–articular calf muscles. Peak power output likely implies elastic recoil of the complex aponeurotic system of the vastus muscle. Patterns of changes in length and tension of the muscle–tendon complex during different phases of the jump were found which provide strong evidence for substantial power amplification (times 15). It is argued here that the multiple internal connective tissue sheets and attachment structures of the well–developed bundles of the vastus muscle become increasingly stretched during preparatory crouching and throughout the extension phase, except for the last 13 ms of the push–off (i.e. when power requirements peak). Then, tension in the knee extensors abruptly falls from its maximum, allowing the necessary fast recoil of the tensed tendon structures to occur.
Inhibition of lard oxidation by fractions of different essential oils

The ability to inhibit lard oxidation by the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum , Thymus vulgaris L. , Thymus serpyllum L. , Satureja montana L. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten. was examined. Except Satureja cuneifoila Ten. essential oil, all the essential oils studied showed a strong phenolic profile characterized by the presence of phenolic monoterpenes - thymol and carvacrol. The Rancimat method has been applied on lard spiked with essential oils and their fractions. The ability of the essential oils tested and their fractions to act as inhibitors of the lipid oxidation process was lower in comparison with reference antioxidants (BHA and BHT), ascorbic acid and a -tocopherol). The antioxidant effect of the antioxidants tested was dose-dependent. Induction time of pure lard is not effected by the quantity of the oil sample in the reacting system.
EGG PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF BLACK ROCK, RED CORNISH AND VANARAJA CHICKEN REARED IN COASTAL CLIMATIC CONDITION OF ODISHA, INDIA

Hundred (100) day old straight run healthy chicks from three chicken breeds were randomly selected and kept for 40 weeks under standard managemental conditions in deep litter system. Black Rock and Vanaraja attained sexual maturity earlier than Red Cornish. The egg production potential of Black Rock and Vanaraja was higher than Red Cornish. No difference of fertility was seen among the three breeds but higher hatchability on total egg set basis and fertile egg set basis were seen in Black Rock and Vanaraja breeds in comparison to Red Cornish. Higher egg weight, albumin index and Haugh unit was seen in Red Cornish but no difference was seen between Vanaraja and Black Rock.
The behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden) in Pernambuco coastal waters, Brazil, and a further analysis of its reaction to boat traffic

Ainda se sabe pouco sobre o comportamento do boto-cinza, assim como a forma pela qual ele reage a diferentes tipos de embarcacoes. O presente estudo teve dois objetivos: investigar o comportamento dos botos-cinzas em quatro localidades de Pernambuco, Brasil, assim como a reacao destes para com as embarcacoes nauticas comuns. Os dados foram coletados no periodo de setembro de 2004 a agosto de 2006, no horario das 6 as 17 h. Os dados desta pesquisa resultaram de 48 saidas a campo para cada uma das quatro localidades estudadas (Portos do Recife e Suape, praia de Bairro Novo e Piedade), totalizando 192 dias de observacoes, sendo aproximadamente 380 horas de amostragens efetivas. Foram contados dez tipos de atividades comportamentais para a praia de Bairro Novo e as areas portuarias; e apenas quatro para a praia de Piedade. Com relacao as embarcacoes, o maior fluxo foi registrado para o porto do Recife. Os barcos de pesca foram os mais frequentes nas areas do porto do Recife e da praia de Bairro Novo, enquanto que no porto de Suape e na praia de Piedade predominaram as embarcacoes de turismo. Durante as observacoes dos encontros dos barcos com os botos-cinza, houve uma predominância nas reacoes neutras para todos os tipos de embarcacoes estudadas. O mesmo tipo de reacao predominou quando relacionadas as distâncias em que ocorreram as interacoes entre os animais e as embarcacoes.
Dewatering of mine tailings using electrokinetic geosynthetics

Many mining operations produce tailings that dewater very slowly under self-weight consolidation. One way of reducing the water content of such tailings is by electroosmotic dewatering. Although the technique has been used with some success in civil engineering applications, it is still largely seen as a solution of last resort. This is probably due to the high energy costs reported in the literature, as well as problems of very rapid corrosion of metal electrodes. This paper describes a study using newly developed electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKGs) as electrodes for the in situ dewatering of mine tailings. Laboratory tests were undertaken on mineral sands tailings in both a purpose-built testing cell and a laboratory testing tank using EKGs, followed by an outdoor experiment in a tank containing approximately 9m 3 of the tailings. This test was run for over 2 months. Energy consumption in the outdoor test was less than 1 kWh per dry tonne of material dewatered and there was no sign of electrode deterioration even after 2 months of usage. The results point to a potentially powerful technique for reducing the water content of tailings ponds in situ, thus increasing storage space, improving stability, and facilitating closure of these facilities.
CRYOPRESERVATION OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) SEMEN

Rainbow trout semen was diluted in one of three extenders (1:3 v/v) containing egg yolk (7-10%) and 10% DMSO as cryoprotectants. The diluted semen was packaged in 0.5 ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor. For thawing, the straws were immersed in a water bath for 30 sec at 30°C. The best post-thaw motility and fertilization results, 56.67±5.77% and 80.5±16.01% respectively, were obtained when a glucose based extender was used.
The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Behavior And Performance Of Camel Rearing Enterprises In Turkana County, Kenya

Entrepreneurial behaviour has significant influence on firm performance. It is on this basis that this study sought to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial behaviour and performance of camel rearing enterprises in Turkana County. This study utilized data from 200 randomly selected camel rearing entrepreneurs in Turkana central sub county. To test the effects of entrepreneurial behaviour on enterprise performance, the scales for the dimensions of Entrepreneurial behaviour and enterprise performance were adopted from the existing literature. Reliability and validity tests were conducted for the measurement of the scales. The specific objectives were to find out the relationship between innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, risk taking, achievement orientation and enterprise performance. Factor analysis correlation was conducted and the findings showed that certain entrepreneurial behaviours influence enterprise performance. The study findings revealed that contextual factors did potentially shape entrepreneurial behaviour and that certain entrepreneurial behaviour dimensions and contextual factors were associated with entrepreneurial performance. These findings suggest that an increase in potential performance is possible through individual behaviour associated with an entrepreneurial behaviour. It is therefore evident that the male are more entrepreneurial than the female. Female are few in the business due to their culture and the role they hold in society.
Health Inequality in Resource Poor Environments and the Pursuit of the MDGs

The article examines health inequalities and the impact of changing healthcare provision in rural Indonesia. Traditional medicine is often the only source of medical care for a majority of the population in rural Indonesia. However, the pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) requires the provision and implementation of modern healthcare systems. Using case studies from four rural districts in Kaledupa, a remote island in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia, the study shows that although modern healthcare facilities are present in the sampled island, they seem to be remote with limited access in comparison with the number of traditional practitioners. High costs, cultural beliefs, distrust and distance to modern healthcare facilities appear to be the most common reasons for people opting for traditional healthcare. However, social reconstruction in the perception and provision of care has also led to a gradual disappearance of the traditional healthcare provision. The study calls for policy intervention approaches that are geographically and culturally sensitive as the most pragmatic means towards the attainment of MDG targets for the health sector of Indonesia.
THE FINAL FATES OF ACCRETING SUPERMASSIVE STARS

The formation of supermassive stars (SMSs) via rapid mass accretion and their direct collapse into black holes (BHs) is a promising pathway for sowing seeds of supermassive BHs in the early universe. We calculate the evolution of rapidly accreting SMSs by solving the stellar structure equations including nuclear burning as well as general relativistic (GR) effects up to the onset of the collapse. We find that such SMSs have a less concentrated structure than a fully convective counterpart, which is often postulated for non-accreting ones. This effect stabilizes the stars against GR instability even above the classical upper mass limit ≳105 M⊙ derived for the fully convective stars. The accreting SMS begins to collapse at the higher mass with the higher accretion rate. The collapse occurs when the nuclear fuel is exhausted only for cases with . With , the star becomes GR unstable during the helium-burning stage at M ≃ 2–3.5 × 105 M⊙. In an extreme case with 10 , the star does not collapse until the mass reaches ≃8.0 × 105 M⊙, where it is still in the hydrogen-burning stage. We expect that BHs with roughly the same mass will be left behind after the collapse in all the cases.
Exploring the agenda-setting potential of homeland online newspapers on perceptions of elections issues among diasporic Nigerians in Malaysia

The increasing transnational migration of people and availability of homeland newspapers on the web have stimulated interest in the understanding of the use and effects of homeland media on a nation’s foreign residents. This study explores the relationship between the agenda covered in three Nigerian online newspapers (N=260) and how they were perceived by Nigerian students in Malaysia (N=350) during the 2011 Nigerian presidential election. Specifically, the issues in online newspapers and their location (homepage and index) and length were compared with the issues perceived as being important by Nigerian students in Malaysia. Comparing content analysis data with survey responses, the findings revealed a modest but plausible support for the agenda-setting potential of the online newspapers. In view of the established correspondence between issues that are salient in the news and issues perceived by the readers, the study establishes the importance of homeland online media to political cognitions and actions among diasporic Nigerians. It also suggests the need to explore other cues in the online newspapers capable of raising the salience of issues in the perceptions of the Nigerian diaspora.
Working Paper Series Department of Economics University of Verona Teaching Children to Save : What Is the Best Strategy for Lifetime Savings ?

We study the effect of alternative parental teaching strategies on the propensity to save and the amount saved uring adulthood . Using a panel dataset from the Dutch DNB Household Survey we find that parental teaching to save increases the likelihood that an adult will save by 16%, and the saving amount by about 30%. The best strategy involves a combination of different methods (giving pocket money, controlling money usage, and giving advice about saving and budgeting). The effect of parental financial socialization is persistent with age, but decays at elder age for the propensity to save.
The Use of Objective and Subjective Measures: Implications for Incentive System Design

This study examines the question, is the use of subjective measures an ex post adjustment of objective measures to take into account three types of risk: target difficulty (after controlling for budget loss), shared risk (after controlling for business unit strategy) and downside risk? We examine this question using data from a sample of 522 managers and professionals in period 0 (and 434 in period 1) from a large Australasian corporation over a two year period. Period 0 is a pre shock period and period 1 is a post shock period. We find that for the overall two years that the subjective is an upward adjustment to the objective to take into account: (1) target difficulty, the spread between upper limit and lower limit of unit performance; (2) shared risk, that is organizational interdependencies; and (3) downside risk, which is the opportunity loss function that the employees faced in not meeting the maximum bonus allowed. However, in examining the pre shock period and post shock period, the results indicate that the subjective evaluation has been used differently for each period for two type of risk (target difficulty, shared risk). (1) With regard to target difficulty for the pre shock period, the subjective makes an upward adjustment to the objective; but for the post shock, the subjective makes a downward adjustment. One plausible explanation is that during the post shock, quite a few managers and professionals were already on the maximum of the objective measures (given that there may have been gamesmanship at setting targets and upper limits for an anticipated poor economic period). Therefore, the subjective can be a downward adjustment to reflect this gamesmanship. (2) In regard to shared risk (the percentage of transfer revenues), for the pre shock period the subjective was a downward adjustment, while for the post shock period the subjective adjustment is an upward adjustment to the objective measure. This implies that for the pre shock or times of economic stability, the subjective could be used to reduce some of the free rider challenges that face incentive systems. Conversely for the post shock period, or during times of economic instability, the subjective adjustment is to encourage resource sharing and greater coordination and communication. Overall, our results indicate that the subjective measure is used as an ex post adjustment to the objective measure. This could be in response to flaws in the objective (financial) performance measures as subjective measures as this enables other factors to be taken into account.
Detection and enumeration of microbial cells within highly porous calcareous reef sands

In order to assess and to compare the abundances of prokaryotes in coral sands from three different areas in the Indo-Pacific, a technique was developed and evaluated for enumeration of prokaryotes living on and within calcareous grains. Propidium iodide labelling of prokaryotes and consecutive confocal laser scanning microscopy showed microbial colonisation within pores and small fissures of the coral sands. This embedded microbial colonisation required at least four extractions with weak acetic acid to dissolve the grain surface layer in order to detach 97% of the prokaryotic cells. Microbial enumeration based on this technique revealed that the abundance of prokaryotes in the carbonate sands were not significantly different among the three sites, but were about one order of magnitude higher than reported for silicate sands of a similar grain size spectrum. A possible reason for this high abundance of prokaryotes is the complex surface structure of the biogenic calcareous grains, their correspondingly highly porous matrix and the associated ability of prokaryotes to penetrate into carbonate grains. Our results highlight the role of calcareous reef sands as a substratum with a large specific surface area for prokaryotic colonisation and emphasise the contribution of calcium carbonate reef sands for element cycles in subtropical and tropical ecosystems.
Hydrothermal growth and hydrogen selective sensing of nickel oxide nanowires

Low cost synthesis of nanostructured metal oxides for gas sensing application at low temperature is nowadays of crucial importance in many fields. Herein, NiO p-type semiconducting nanowires with polycrystalline structure were prepared by a facile and scalable hydrothermal method. Morphology and crystal structure of the NiO nanowires were investigated by scan electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanostructured material was then tested as hydrogen sensor showing very good performance in terms of sensor response, stability, absence of drifts, and speed of response and recovery. The selectivity of the NiO sensor to hydrogen towards other gases (ethanol, ammonia, and liquefied petroleum gas) was found to be good.