Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the chemical signature of TYC 8442-1036-1 originate from a rotating massive star that died in a faint explosion?

Context. We have recently investigated the origin of chemical signatures observed in Galactic halo stars by means of a stochastic chemical evolution model. We have found that rotating massive stars are a promising way to explain several signatures observed in these fossil stars. Aims. In the present paper we discuss how the extremely metal-poor halo star TYC 8442-1036-1, for which we have now obtained detailed abundances from VLT-UVES spectra, fits into the framework of our previous work. Methods. We apply a standard 1D LTE analysis to the spectrum of this star. We measure the abundances of 14 chemical elements; for Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn we compute the abundances using equivalent widths; for C, Sr and Ba we obtain the abundances by means of synthetic spectra generated by MOOG. Results. We find an abundance of [Fe/H]= $-$3.5 $\pm$0.13 dex based on our high resolution spectrum; this points to an iron content lower by a factor of three (0.5 dex) compared to the one obtained by a low resolution spectrum. The star has a [C/Fe] = 0.4 dex, and it is not carbon enhanced like most of the stars at this metallicity. Moreover, this star lies in the plane [Ba/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] in a relatively unusual position, shared by a few others galactic halo stars that is only marginally explained by our past results. Conclusions. The comparison of the model results with the chemical abundance characteristics of this group of stars can be improved if we consider in our model the presence of faint supernovae coupled with rotating massive stars. These results seem to imply that rotating massive stars and faint supernovae scenarios are complementary to each other, and are both required in order to match the observed chemistry of the earliest phases of the chemical enrichment of the Universe.
Task-Based Language Teaching in Developing Marine and Fisheries Students’ Speaking Skill (A Study in SUPM Negeri Ladong, Aceh)

The objective of the research were (1) To obtain an empirical evidence for the lack of knowledge we have right now about how TBLT is used in developing Marine and Fisheries students’ English speaking proficiency. (2) To find out students’ perceptions on the implementation of TBLT whether learning with TBLT is helpful to understand the lesson or not. The research method was quasi experimental. This research assigned two groups, experimental and control group. Each group consisted of 25 students. The sample was chosen by applying purposive sampling technique. The data obtained through the test were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic. Then the data on the students’ perception in learning speaking by using TBLT approach was collected through questionnaire. The research result showed that there was a positive development on the students’ speaking achievement. It was proved by the mean score of the students’ posttest in experimental group that showed 67.64 while the mean score of the students’ posttest in control group was 56.08. It means that there was a positive development in experimental group. With those several benefits, TBLT ensures that students have a high positive perception. It was proved with majority students’ perception which is 76%. It was classified as high and it can be concluded that TBLT is helpful approach. Key word : Task-Based Language Teaching, Marine and Fisheries' Speaking Skill.
Dynamic Traffic Light Control Mechanism in VANET

In recent times technology is undergoing rapid changes and human life is getting benefited from that. Modern transportation systems are of no exception. But, traffic congestion has turned out to be the most significant issues as of late. A dynamic traffic light control mechanism to reduce road traffic congestion in Vehicular ad-hoc network is proposed in the present work. The maximum waiting time of vehicles in red signal is calculated dynamically by considering the number of vehicles stuck in red signal and by observing whether congestion occurs in the lanes having green signal. The random distribution of vehicles among different lanes is considered during simulation to make it more realistic. The performance of the scheme is studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative performance is studied in terms of storage and communication overhead of the system. The quantitative performance is studied in terms of waiting time and queue length. It is compared with three existing congestion control schemes.
Does Agricultural Productivity Growth Promote a Dynamic Comparative Advantage in the Manufacturing Sector

This paper develops a dynamic Ricardian trade model with a supply of productive infrastructure in the manufacturing sector. We discuss the onset of trade liberalization when the home country has a (dynamic) comparative advantage in the manufacturing sector. Moreover, we compare over time the total welfare that adds welfare during autarkic periods (pre-industrialization periods) to that during specializing in manufacturing sector periods (industrialization periods) with one that exclusively specializes in the agricultural sector. From this setting, the following results are obtained: (1) an increase in agricultural productivity may hasten the onset of liberalization, (2) an improvement in labor efficiency in the public sector necessarily hastens the onset of the trade liberalization; and (3) the total welfare that adds the welfare during autarkic periods to that during specializing in manufacturing sector periods may be higher than that of the economy that exclusively specializes in the agricultural sector.
Education and Cross-Country Productivity Differences

In this paper, we study the effects of education on the total factor productivity (TFP) of a large number of countries. We estimate TFP using a variant of augmented Solow growth model in which health capital is one of the factors of production. We find that quantity of education significantly and positively affects TFP. This result is in contrast to the findings of the previous literature, that suggest that either the quantity of education does not matter for growth (e.g. Benhabib and Spiegel 1994, Caselli et al. 1996) or only the quality of education matters for growth (e.g. Hanushek and Kimko 2000). We also find that TFP differences explain about 1/3rd of per-capita real income differences across countries. This estimate is substantially lower than the existing estimates (e.g. Klenow and Rogriguez-Clare 1997, Hall and Jones 1999) which suggest that TFP differences are the dominant source of per-capita real income differences across countries.
Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida L.) with Isoxaflutole and Metribuzin Tankmix

Five field trials were conducted over a two-year period (2013, 2014) to determine the control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed with isoxaflutole (IFT) and metribuzin (MTZ) applied alone and in combination. Treatments were designed to assess the dose response of an IFT plus MTZ tank-mix as well as each chemical applied alone to classify the response using Flint’s adaptation of Colby’s equation. Two factor factorial experiments were performed in the growth room to ascertain the response of IFT versus glyphosate, IFT versus MTZ, and IFT plus MTZ versus glyphosate on single plants. Field experiments evaluated the control of GR giant ragweed with IFT plus MTZ in tank-mix in a 1:4 ratio. The rate of IFT plus MTZ for 80% control of GR giant ragweed at 4 and 8 weeks after application (WAA) was 518 (104 g a.i. ha-1 IFT + 414 g a.i. ha-1 MTZ) and 631 g a.i. ha-1 (126 g a.i. ha-1 IFT + 505 g a.i. ha-1 MTZ), respectively. A rate of 668 and 467 g a.i. ha-1 was required to reduce GR giant ragweed density and biomass by 80%, respectively. Field experiments evaluating the control of GR giant ragweed with tank-mixes of IFT plus MTZ, where glyphosate was a constant tank-mix partner, were mostly synergistic. However, the low tank-mix rate (52.5 + 210 g a.i. ha-1) had an additive response for GR giant ragweed biomass reduction. When tested in the greenhouse and growth room, glyphosate susceptible (GS) giant ragweed showed some antagonism with glyphosate and isoxaflutole tank-mixes at rates less than commercial field rates. GR giant ragweed showed an additive response across all treatments in the growth room. Greenhouse experiments evaluating IFT versus MTZ and IFT plus MTZ versus glyphosate revealed all tank-mix treatments to be synergistic at 2 WAA.
Time evolution and distribution analysis of software bugs from a complex network perspective

Successful software systems are constantly under development. Since they have to be updated when new features are introduced, bug are fixed and the system is kept up to date, they require a continuous maintenance. Among these activities the bug fixing is one of themost relevant, because it is determinant for software quality. Unfortunately, software houses have limited time and developers to address all these issues before the product delivery. For this reason, an efficient allocation of these resources is required to obtain the quality required by the market. The keyword for a correct management of software product process is measure. As De-Marco states “you cannot control what you cannot measure”, and this thesis is mainly devoted to this aspect. This dissertation bears with software measures related to bug proneness and distribution analysis of software bugs. The aim is to describe the bug occurrence phenomena, identify useful metrics related to software bugs proneness and finally to characterize how bug population is distributed and evolve, discussing also the model able to explain this evolution. Studying the relationship between code evolution and bug distribution or bug-proneness, we foresee which software structure will come out. Thus, this research provides information and guidelines tomanagers, helping them to plan, schedule activities and allocate resources, during software development.
Developing Conviction in Women Leaders: The Role of Unique Work and Life Experiences

The past 20 years has seen a proliferation of studies identifying the barriers women often face in leadership. Two potent obstacles women face are gender bias and stereotype threat, which manifest in both management selection and performance ratings. One option some women use to combat negative stereotypes is to adapt themselves to their environments, an approach that may lead to a decrease in self-regulation, goal clarity, and authenticity. Demonstrating conviction is a powerful strategy used by leaders to maintain a consistent sense of direction and connection to what is most important to them, even under the most pressing situations. This strategy may be especially useful for enabling women leaders to hold on to what is most important to them amid the pressures they face to adapt to stereotypes. The goal of this study was to determine whether certain career and life experiences affect women’s ability to demonstrate conviction. After accounting for missing data and outliers, the sample consisted of 563 male and female leaders enrolled in an online leadership development tool. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 92, with 323 participants identifying as female and 240 as male. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the primary hypotheses and exploratory research questions. All analyses resulted in statistically significant results. Specifically, Calling and People Experiences positively predict conviction development. Calling Experiences resulted in the strongest unique predictor of conviction development in women. Exploratory analyses identified Leadership and People Experiences as being critical for male leaders’ conviction development. These result reveal that novel and unique WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP & CONVICTION DEVELOPMENT ix experiences have a direct impact on women leaders’ self-knowledge and create opportunities for learning. WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP & CONVICTION DEVELOPMENT 1
Effects of selenium on selenoprotein synthesis and antioxidant parameters of bovine mammary epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) on the selenoproteins synthesis and antioxidant parameters of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The experiment was conducted as a single factor completely randomized design to explore the effect of different levels of Se supplementation (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nmol/l) on selenoproteins synthesis and antioxidant parameters of BMECs, and to screen the appropriate dose of Se supplementation ensuring a better antioxidant function. Se supplementation increased cell proliferation, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and seleoprotein P (SelP) content, and decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner. Se supplementation of 50–100 nmol/l had a better effect. Se supplementation also increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity in a dose-dependent manner, and Se supplementation of 20–50 nmol/l had a better promoting effect. The dose-dependent response between Se supplementation and mRNA and protein expression of GPx1 and TrxR1, as well as SelP mRNA expression was also observed in this experiment. The mRNA and protein expression of GPx1 was up-regulated with the addition of 50–100 nmol/l Se, and the mRNA expression of TrxR1 and SelP was up-regulated with the addition of 20–100 nmol/l Se. Results indicated that Se supplementation of 50 nmol/l had a better promoting effect on the selenoproteins synthesis and antioxidant parameters of BMECs.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Australian Candida glabrata Isolates Reveals Genetic Diversity and Novel Sequence Types

Candida glabrata is a pathogen with reduced susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins. Analysis by traditional multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has recognized an increasing number of sequence types (STs), which vary with geography. Little is known about STs of C. glabrata in Australia. Here, we utilized whole genome sequencing (WGS) to study the genetic diversity of 51 Australian C. glabrata isolates and sought associations between STs over two time periods (2002–2004, 2010–2017), and with susceptibility to fluconazole by principal component analysis (PCA). Antifungal susceptibility was determined using Sensititre YeastOneTM Y010 methodology and WGS performed on the NextSeq 500 platform (Illumina) with in silico MLST STs inferred by WGS data. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to echinocandin, azole and 5-fluorocytosine resistance were analyzed. Of 51 isolates, WGS identified 18 distinct STs including four novel STs (ST123, ST124, ST126, and ST127). Four STs accounted for 49% of isolates (ST3, 15.7%; ST83, 13.7%; ST7, 9.8%; ST26, 9.8%). Split-tree network analysis resolved isolates to terminal branches; many of these comprised multiple isolates from disparate geographic settings but four branches contained Australian isolates only. ST3 isolates were common in Europe, United States and now Australia, whilst ST8 and ST19, relatively frequent in the United States, were rare/absent amongst our isolates. There was no association between ST distribution (genomic similarity) and the two time periods or with fluconazole susceptibility. WGS identified mutations in the FKS1 (S629P) and FKS2 (S663P) genes in three, and one, echinocandin-resistant isolate(s), respectively. Both mutations confer phenotypic drug resistance. Twenty-five percent (13/51) of isolates were fluconazole-resistant (MIC ≥ 64 μg/ml) of which 9 (18%) had non wild-type MICs to voriconazole and posaconazole. Multiple SNPs were present in genes linked to azole resistance such as CgPDR1 and CgCDR1, as well as several in MSH2; however, SNPs occurred in both azole-susceptible and azole-resistant isolates. Although no particular SNP in these genes was definitively associated with resistance, azole-resistant/non-wild type isolates had a propensity to harbor SNPs resulting in amino acid substitutions in Pdr1 beyond the first 250 amino acid positions. The presence of SNPs may be markers of STs. Our study shows the value of WGS for high-resolution sequence typing of C. glabrata, discovery of novel STs and potential to monitor trends in genetic diversity. WGS assessment for echinocandin resistance augments phenotypic susceptibility testing.
Large fluctuations in the high-redshift metagalactic ionizing background

Author(s): D'Aloisio, Anson; McQuinn, Matthew; Davies, Frederick B; Furlanetto, Steven R | Abstract: Recent observations have shown that the scatter in opacities among coeval segments of the Lyman-alpha forest increases rapidly at z g 5. In this paper, we assess whether the large scatter can be explained by fluctuations in the ionizing background in the post-reionization intergalactic medium. We find that matching the observed scatter at z ~ 5.5 requires a short spatially averaged mean free path of l 15 comoving Mpc/h, a factor of g 3 shorter than direct measurements at z ~ 5.2. We argue that such rapid evolution in the mean free path is difficult to reconcile with our measurements of the global H I photoionization rate, which stay approximately constant over the interval z ~ 4.8 - 5.5. However, we also show that measurements of the mean free path at z g 5 are likely biased towards higher values by the quasar proximity effect. This bias can reconcile the short values of the mean free path that are required to explain the large scatter in opacities. We discuss the implications of this scenario for cosmological reionization. Finally, we investigate whether other statistics applied to the z g 5 Lyman-alpha forest can shed light on the origin of the scatter. Compared to a model with a uniform ionizing background, models that successfully account for the scatter lead to enhanced power in the line-of-sight flux power spectrum on scales k l 0.1 h/Mpc. We find tentative evidence for this enhancement in observations of the high-redshift Lyman-alpha forest.
Are Supermarkets Squeezing Small Suppliers? Evidence from Negotiated Wholesale Prices

Conventional wisdom is that bigâ€ box retailers squeeze the profits of small suppliers. Underlying this belief is the assumption that relative market size is the primary source of bargaining leverage. Using actual wholesale prices, we study profitâ€ sharing between large retailers and suppliers of different size. We find that the median supplier earns 42% of the channel surplus, and that some very small suppliers attain a share of the channel surplus close to that of the largest supplier (about 68%). Using a Nash bargaining model, we find that small suppliers can gain bargaining leverage by maintaining a base of loyal customers.
Relationship between Hypnosis for Pain Management in Labor and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Background: Many techniques have been proposed to relieve labor pain, one of which is hypnotherapy, which can be defined as the usage of hypnosis during labor to alleviate pain or anxiety. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the possible relationship between hypnosis and neonatal outcomes based on the available reports. Methods: Major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL, were systematically searched up to February 6, 2018. In the next stage, the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were reviewed to identify the relevant studies. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Jadad scale. Study appraisal and data extraction were carried out by one of the authors, and then double-checked by another researcher. Finally, the search process resulted in the inclusion of 10 trials. Results: Based on eight studies, hypnosis for pain management during labor had no effect on Apgar score in neonates. No significant difference was reported between hypnosis and non-hypnosis groups in terms of the number of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Furthermore, the short-term effect of hypnosis on the continuation of exclusive breastfeeding was indicated in three studies. However, the duration of neonatal admission to nursery or NICU was not reported in any of the studies. Only one study reported that there was no significant difference between hypnosis and control groups concerning the frequency of hospital readmission. Conclusion: Based on the evidence reported in the literature, it could be concluded that hypnosis can be regarded as a safe approach for pain management during the labor. Moreover, this intervention did not show to exert any adverse effects on neonatal health status.
First and second order non-linear cointegration models

This paper studies cointegration in non-linear error correction models characterized by discontinuous and regime-dependent error correction and variance specifications. In addition the models allow for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) type specifications of the variance. The regime process is assumed to depend on the lagged disequilibrium, as measured by the norm of linear stable or cointegrating relations. The main contributions of the paper are: i) conditions ensuring geometric ergodicity and nite second order moment of linear long run equilibrium relations and differenced observations, ii) a representation theorem similar to Granger's representations theorem and a functional central limit theorem for the common trends, iii) to establish that the usual reduced rank regression estimator of the cointegrating vector is consistent even in this highly extended model, and iv) asymptotic normality of the parameters for xed cointegration vector and regime parameters. Finally, an application of the model to US term structure data illustrates the empirical relevance of the model.
Satellite monitoring of glaciers in the Karakoram from 1977 to 2013: an overall almost stable population of dynamic glaciers

Abstract. Six hundred and seven glaciers of the Shigar, Shashghan, Nubra and part of Shyok sub-basins of the Karakoram region were monitored using satellite data of years 1977, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013. Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ and IRS/Resourcesat-1 LISS III data were used. Glacier observations were classified into 3 categories such as advance, retreat or stable with reference to base data of 1977. Glaciers of the Karakoram have shown inconsistency in advance, retreat and no change during this period, and some examples of glacier surging have been caught in action. Despite significant geographic and temporal variability betraying the dynamic nature of many of the glaciers, in aggregate the population is roughly stable with less propensity toward retreat than most other glaciers in the nearby Himalaya and in the world. 341 glaciers exhibited no measured change throughout the 36 years of the study. Among other glaciers, no significant and sustained pattern of retreat or advance was observed. The overall changes in glacier area in the whole region are of small magnitudes (positive and negative values) in the various measured intervals. Moreover, it is mostly disconnected glaciers in tributary valleys which have advanced, whereas the main former trunk glaciers have primarily not changed. The dynamical differences between disconnected former tributaries and trunks may be related to response time differences, with the smaller, perhaps steeper tributaries responding more rapidly than trunks to brief climatic fluctuations. The advance/retreat fluctuations of many individual glaciers suggest that their response times primarily may be of order decades rather than some longer period, though some glaciers may have longer response times that have limited their length and area changes over the 36 year study period. The data from 2001 onwards were also utilized for finding annual changes of glaciers. Among the 607 glaciers, 10 show considerable fluctuation in their area; in several cases surge-waste cycles appear to be active. Glacier thickness change measurements are needed to aid our understanding of the regional glacier dynamics and relationships to climate change and area-response dynamics.