Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The “China Shock” Revisited

We exploit a decomposition of gross trade flows into their value added components to reassess the relationship between increased imports from China and manufacturing jobs in US local labour markets following the seminal paper of Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013, ADH). Decomposed trade flows enable us to address identification and measurement issues inherent to gross trade data. In particular, it allows us to remove US value added in Chinese exports from the exposure measure which is mechanically correlated with the dependent variable and overstates the volume of the trade shock. In addition, the decomposition permits to correct for double counting, to remove primary and services inputs in manufacturing exports, and to assign competition to the upstream industry that supplied the value added rather than the final exporting industry. This further reduces the volume of the shock and improves the accuracy of the import exposure measure. Consequently, we find considerable differences in the pattern of regions that are most affected by the trade shock and show that imports from China can explain less of the decline in US manufacturing than what gross trade data would suggest. We then separate the shock into a China-driven domestic reform and a thirdcountry-driven value chain component, and find in line with ADH that the smaller, but still negative labour market effects are indeed China driven. Finally, we observe that the negative effects identified in ADH are not present in the 2008-2014 period, as labour market adjustment has largely concluded. The long time needed for adjustment may have been prolonged by the evolution of China's comparative advantage.
On the onset of the ice phase in boundary layer Arctic clouds

[1] Airborne measurements in slightly supercooled Arctic boundary layer stratocumulus have been carried out in Spitsbergen on 29 May during the ASTAR 2004 campaign. Cloud measurements have been performed in both warm and cold sectors of a cold front passing the observation area. The results show a north–south gradient in freezing properties and thus evidence of significant differences in the cloud microstructure. Ahead of the front line, in the warm sector (cloud top temperature at −4°C), no ice particles were detected. The cloud formed in clean air conditions (aerosol concentration of 300 cm−3) with subsequent large effective diameter (20–26 μm) and low concentration (50 cm−3) of cloud droplets. Therefore, the collision-coalescence process was effective, favoring the drizzle formation with concentration up to 300 L−1 (D > 50 μm). In the cold sector behind the front, with a lower cloud top temperature (−6°C), ice crystals were observed in the entire cloud layer, and no droplets larger than about 50 μm (drizzle) were detected. The observations confirm high ice particle concentrations (up to 50 L−1) even with rather warm cloud top (−6°C) compared to previous studies in Arctic clouds. The shattering of isolated drops during freezing and the ice splinter production during riming appear to be the most likely processes to explain the observations of high ice concentration in the cold sector. Analysis of back trajectories did not reveal significant differences in the origin of the air masses in the warm and cold sectors that might have contributed to the differentiation of aerosol composition and thus cloud properties. A cloud top temperature colder than −4°C appears to be required for the onset of the ice phase in this slightly supercooled stratiform cloud.
Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India

OF THE DISSERTATION LOCATING EFFECTIVE COMMONS AND COMMUNITY IN MAHARASHTRA STATE'S FISHERIES, INDIA By DIVYA KARNAD Dissertation Directors: Kevin St. Martin Bonnie McCay This thesis views commons and resource management through a lens of plurality. Through discussions of plural identities, diverse economies and multiple legal systems, this work seeks to challenge the bounds of commons thinking, pushing past static understandings of people, social networks, the environment and resources. Principles created by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues have largely defined the commons management discourse, but my work follows that of St Martin, McCay and Jentoft in realizing the limits to a systems approach to commons research. The commons institution that I study does not fit Ostrom's criteria, and therefore could be assumed to be a failure, except that I have found evidence of key outcomes of successful commons institutions. These include management based on goals of social equity and ecological sustainability, as well as clear examples of the existence of community. Understanding this so-called 'anomalous' institution as successful requires a reexamination of commons theory. Thus my work uses post structural thinking,
Professionalisation, Activism, and the University: Whither ‘Critical Geography’?

In this paper I seek to describe, explain, and evaluate three decades of Left geographical change. Now that ‘critical geography’—rather than ‘radical geography’—has become the privileged descriptor for Left geographical inquiry, it is argued that this temporal switch of labels is of more than merely semantic significance. Specifically, it is suggested that the supercession of the ‘radical geography’ label is symptomatic of a substantive shift in the nature and purposes of Left geographical inquiry. This shift has entailed the ‘professionalisation’ and ‘academicisation’ of Left geography. Both developments have occurred in the context of a thirty-year transition from a ‘modern’ to an ‘after-modern’ higher education system. Taking the Anglo-American case, it is argued that the current vitality of the geographical (read ‘critical’) Left in the academy correlates with its detachment from ‘real world’ political constituencies and also a blindness to the academic changes underpinning this inverse correlation. Rather than worrying over their apparent failure to connect with constituencies ‘out there’, it is argued that geographical Leftists need to recapture something of the radical geography spirit of action and engagement in order to contest changes occurring ‘in here’: that is, changes in the political and moral economy of the higher system that enables and constrains our academic labours. A brief manifesto for a ‘domesticated critical geography’ is offered by way of a conclusion.
Floristic composition and plant utilization pattern in homegardens of Upper Assam, India

Homegardens of Upper Assam, northeastern India are diverse and species-rich. We conducted vegetation survey of 80 homegardens in 17 villages of Golaghat and Jorhat districts of Upper Assam. Structure, diversity and plant uses were analyzed. Altogether, 294 plant species representing 217 genera and 92 families were encountered. Of these, 260 species were economically important and were categorized into seven use categories. The remaining 34 species were weeds and grasses. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. , an endangered and red listed species of India, was the most dominant tree (1,414 trees ha-1). This species contributes significantly to the economy of the region. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using frequency data showed two groups for each of the tree, shrub and herb layers. The high floristic diversity and presence of many rare/endangered species in the homegardens reflect the ways how owners utilize and conserve plant diversity. However, genetic diversity of such rare species of forest origin could be affected in managed ecosystems due to limited gene flow, inbreeding and selection pressure. Therefore, studies on genetic diversity of rare/endangered species in homegardens are required so that potential of homegardens for their conservation can be assessed.
Compensatory Reproduction in Feral Horses

We estimated fetal loss rate in 2 separate herds of feral horses (Equus caballus) with significantly different foaling rates that inhabited the same barrier island. We estimated pregnancy rates for 40 feral mares from Assateague Island National Seashore (NS), where the foaling rate was 32.5% and for 48 mares from Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) where the foaling rate was 62.5%. Fetal loss rates were estimated by comparing fall pregnancy rates with foaling rated during the following spring and summer. The estimated fetal loss for mares from Assateague Island NS and Chincoteague NWR was 7.1 and 6.2%, respectively. Ten of the 40 mares from Assateague Island NS (25%) were lactating and only 2 produced foals, whereas 2 of the 48 mares from Chincoteague NWR (4.1%) were lactating and neither produced foals
Production of exopolysaccharide by an osmotolerant, thermostable and metal resistant Bacillus subtilis

Conventionally polysaccharide was obtained from plants and seaweeds. Wide repertoires of novel polysaccharides are also obtain from microorganisms. Increasing attention is being paid to these molecules because of their bioactive role and their extensive range of potential applications in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. In present study exopolysaccharide producing Bacillus subtilis strain was newly isolated from sugar industry waste. The strain shows mucoid growth on MGYP agar plate. Mucoidness indicates the presence of polysaccharide which was confirmed by the analytical methods. The identification of isolate was performed by using its morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics. It was further confirmed by the 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The isolate was optimized at three different pH values (4, 7, and 9), maximum growth was observed at pH 7. It shows ability to grow at wide range of temperature i.e. from 25 o C to 55 o C. It also shows ability to grow at high concentrations of sugar i. e. up to 25%. The isolate was found to be resistant to several antibiotics. In addition to antibiotic resistance the isolate also showed multiple resistance to metals like Pb, Ni, Co and Zn. Organism produces EPS in two distinct forms i.e. ropy EPS and loose slime that is excreted into the surrounding and capsular EPS that remained adhered to cell surface creating discrete covering. The production of EPS was performed by the batch culture method; which was recovered by the ethanol precipitation. The solubility of EPS in different polar and non-polar solvents was studied. The carbohydrate and protein content of EPS was determined. It was found that 495 μg/ml and 380 μg/ml respectively. K e y w o r d s Exopolysaccharide, B. subtilis, Osmotolerant, Thermostable, Metal resistance
Fiscal Policy, Institutions and Economic Growth in Asian Economies: Evidence from the Pedroni’s Cointegration Approach

This paper investigates the relationship between fiscal policy, institutions and economic growth in Asian between 1982 and 2001 through the application of Pedroni’s Cointegration approach. It examines three different channels through which fiscal policy can affect long run economic growth in Asia. The first channel is when components of fiscal policy affects the real per capita GDP and the second channel is when the institutions included in components of fiscal policy affects the real per capita GDP. The third channel is when institutions interact with aggregate of government expenditure and aggregate of fiscal policy affects the real per capita GDP. The Pedroni Cointegration result establishes a long run relationship between fiscal policy, institutions and economic growth. We find positive and statistically significant impact of health and education expenditure, aggregate of government expenditure, aggregate of fiscal policy and institutions on real per capita GDP. We also find that the defence expenditure, distortionary taxation and budget balance are significantly and negatively related to real per capita GDP. Furthermore, we find that aggregate of government expenditure and aggregate of fiscal policy variables interact with institutions variable and have a potential impact on long-run steady-state levels of growth.
The Look-back Time Evolution of Far-Ultraviolet Flux from Elliptical Galaxies: The Fornax Cluster and A2670

In order to investigate the origin of the far-UV (FUV) flux from the early-type galaxies, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer is collecting the UV data for the elliptical-rich clusters at moderate redshifts (z < 0.2) where the dominant FUV source is predicted to be hot horizontal-branch (HB) stars and their post-HB progeny. Here we present our first result for the early-type galaxies in A2670 at z = 0.076. Compared to NGC 1399, a nearby giant elliptical galaxy in the Fornax Cluster, it appears that the rest-frame FUV - V color of the giant elliptical galaxies gets redder by ~0.7 mag at the distance of A2670 (z = 0.076; look-back time ≈ 1.0 Gyr). Although a detailed comparison with the models is postponed until more cluster data are accumulated, it is interesting to note that this value is consistent with the variation predicted by the population synthesis models where the mean temperature of HB stars declines rapidly with increasing look-back time.
EFFECTS OF AGING AND NUTRITION ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES.

Sixty-six male and female pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were divided into three age groups and fed either a control diet or a high fat (4035 of kcalories), high cholesterol (0,24 mg/kcal) diet. After three years, plasma lipid, protein and apolipoprotein concentrations of very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins were determined. LDL cholesterol, protein and apoprotein B-100 levels were significantly elevated by the test diet. These elevations were confined to the young and adult groups, with little or no increases observed in the oldest animals. All test animals exhibited small but significant increases in HDL cholesterol, protein and apoprotein A-I levels. However, young males had lower HDL cholesterol and protein levels than young females, whereas this trend was not apparent in the adult group. M. nemestrina appears to be a suitable model for studying how sex, aging and nutrition interact to influence lipoprotein metabolism.
Daily ration estimates and comparative study of food consumption in nine species of deep-water decapod crustaceans of the NW Mediterranean

Estimates of the daily ration consumed by 9 species of decapod crustaceans were obtained from 2 deep-water samplings over the middle and lower continental slope of the NW Mediterranean The daily rations obtained varied b\ an order of magnitude from the slow-moving, crab-like species ( 1.0 g dry food per 100 g predator body weight). A multivariate analysis allowed us to relate the variability in daily ration estimates to the functional morphology and ecology of the species considered. The func­ tional morphology and ecology of the species studied are defined in terms of body shape, swimming capability, trophic diversity and spatial distribution. We found that body shape (ratio of carapace length to carapace width) and trophic diversity (H') account for most of the variability in the amount of food consumed by decapods. The food consumption pattern established for our decapod crustaceans is compared to a similar pattern reported for deep-water fishes
The future of workplace commitment: key questions and directions

ABSTRACT This position paper presents the state-of-the art of the field of workplace commitment. Yet, for workplace commitment to stay relevant, it is necessary to look beyond current practice and to extrapolate trends to envision what will be needed in future research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is twofold, first, to consolidate our current understanding of workplace commitment in contemporary work settings and, second, to look into the future by identifying and discussing avenues for future research. Representative of the changing nature of work, we explicitly conceptualize workplace commitment in reference to (A) “Temporary work”, and (B) “Cross-boundary work”. Progressing from these two themes, conceptual, theoretical and methodological advances of the field are discussed. The result is the identification of 10 key paths of research to pursues, a shared agenda for the most promising and needed directions for future research and recommendations for how these will translate into practice.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Patient with Chronic Abdominal Pain

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain is a troublesome dilemma confronting both the medical and surgical care professionals. These patients are submitted to a lot of diagnostic investigations but, regretfully, no precise etiology of their problem could be elucidated. Diagnostic laparoscopy, apart from visualizing the entire abdominal cavity, allows us to take precise biopsies. Laparoscopy also offers a therapeutic solution for many causes of chronic abdominal pain. Patient and Methods: Patient with the inclusion criteria underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for chronic abdominal pain over the last three years from January 2011 to December 2013. The patient’s demographic data, duration of abdominal pain, diagnostic studies, intra-operative findings, interventions and follow-up results were recorded. Results: In this study, 80 patients (55 female and 25male) with an average age of 23 ± 14.76 years underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for the evaluation and treatment of chronic abdominal pain. The average duration of pain was 8 ± 2.85 months. Findings included intra-abdominal tuberculousis in 4 patients, internal herniation in 2 patients, significant intra-abdominal adhesions in 18 patients, secondary intessusception in 2 patients, small intestinal stone in 1 patient, intestinal lymphoma in 1 patient, abdominal lymphadenopathy due to lymphoma in 2 patients, cecal diverticulum in 2 patients and subacute appendicitis in 19 patients, jejunal diverticulum in 1 patient, Chron's disease in 2 patients, endometriosis in 3 patients and inflamed Meckle's diverticulum in 1 patient. Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a simple, rapid, effective and accurate tool in evaluating patients with chronic abdominal pain, in whom conventional methods of investigations have failed to elicit a certain cause with the advantage that it is an effective therapeutic and accessible tissue sampling tool.
Origin of Pacific Multidecadal Variability in Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)

Abstract Observations indicate that Pacific multidecadal variability (PMV) is a basinwide phenomenon with robust tropical–extratropical linkage, though its genesis remains the topic of much debate. In this study, the PMV in the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) is investigated with a combined statistical and dynamical approach. In agreement with observations, the modeled North Pacific climate system undergoes coherent multidecadal atmospheric and oceanic variability of a characteristic quasi-50-yr time scale, with apparent connections to the tropical Indo-Pacific. The statistical assessment based on the CCSM3 control integration cannot exclusively identify the origin of the modeled multidecadal linkage, while confirming the two-way interactions between the tropical and extratropical Pacific. Two sensitivity experiments are performed to further investigate the origin of the PMV. With the atmosphere decoupled from the tropical ocean, multidecadal variability in the North Pacific climate rema.
Growth and membrane permeability of two submersed macrophytes in response to ammonium enrichment

Increased ammonium (NH4 + ) concentrations are reported to be an important cause of decline in submersed macrophytes in eutrophic lakes. In this study, a subacute experiment was conducted to examine the effects of various NH4 + concentrations on growth and membrane permeability of 2 submersed macrophytes, Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demer- sum. Apical shoots of the plants were incubated in modified Hoagland solution with 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg l �1 NH4 + -N for 4 d. The plants were then collected for examination of cell membrane permeability and the solutions were used to determine the concentrations of NH4 + , sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ). The results indicate that high NH4 + concentrations had significant adverse effects (e.g. reduced growth and leaf chlorosis) on the macrophytes and increased membrane permeability, leading to net leakage of NH4 + and the cations. Compared to M. spicatum, C. demersum had higher membrane permeability, which might enhance NH4 + transportation across the membrane and thus increase its tolerance to NH4 + stress. Significant increases in the membrane permeability of M. spicatum and C. demersum were observed in the treatments with external NH4 + -N concentrations of ≥2 mg l �1 , which fall within the range of NH4 + concentrations in many eutrophic lakes.
Self-consistent spectra from radiative GRMHD simulations of accretion on to Sgr A*

We present the first spectral energy distributions produced self-consistently by 2.5D general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical (GRMHD) numerical simulations, where radiative cooling is included in the dynamical calculation. As a case study, we focus on the accretion flow around the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Centre, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), which has the best constrained physical parameters. We compare the simulated spectra to the observational data of Sgr A* and explore the parameter space of our model to determine the effect of changing the initial magnetic field configuration, ion to electron temperature ratio Ti/Te and the target accretion rate. We find the best description of the data for a mass accretion rate of � 10 −9 M⊙/yr, and rapid spin (0.7 < a∗ < 0.9). The submillimeter peak flux seems largely independent of initial conditions, while the higher energies can be very sensitive to the initial magnetic field configuration. Finally, we also discuss flaring features observed in some simulations, that may be due to artifacts of the 2D configuration.
The grace of motherhood: disabled women contending with societal denial of intimacy, pregnancy, and motherhood in Ethiopia

Abstract This study aimed to provide better understanding of intimacy and marriage, pregnancy, birth, and motherhood experiences of women with disability in Ethiopia. Qualitative, in-depth, and semi-structured interviews along with personal observations were used to explore the full experiences of participants, as told in their own words. The result of the interviews indicated that relationships and motherhood proved a very rewarding option for women with disabilities. They also expressed their need for intimacy regardless of society’s denial. Challenges identified include negative societal attitudes toward women with disabilities regarding relationship, pregnancy, and child-rearing. Accessibility of health centers in addition to the ignorance and negative attitudes of the physicians are also reported to be major challenges for the interviewees. This study highlights how rewarding the experience of motherhood was for the interviewees and also shows that women with disabilities face challenges at every step of their experiences, because of society’s prejudices toward disability.
Optimal Pricing and Quality of Academic Journals and the Ambiguous Welfare Effects of Forced Open Access: A Two-Sided Model

We analyse optimal pricing and quality of a monopolistic journal and the optimality of open access in a two-sided model. The predominant aspect of the model that determines the quality levels at which open access is optimal is the nature of the (non-linear) externalities between readers and authors in a journal. We show that there exist scenarios in which open access is a feature of high-quality journals. Besides, we find that the removal of copyright (and thus forced open access) will likely increase both readership and authorship, will decrease journal profits, and may increase social welfare.