Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of GPS radio occultation data for climate monitoring: Profile‐to‐profile inter‐comparison of CHAMP climate records 2002 to 2008 from six data centers

[1] To examine the claim that Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data are useful as a benchmark data set for climate monitoring, the structural uncertainties of retrieved profiles that result from different processing methods are quantified. Profile-to-profile comparisons of CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) data from January 2002 to August 2008 retrieved by six RO processing centers are presented. Differences and standard deviations of the individual centers relative to the inter-center mean are used to quantify the structural uncertainty. Uncertainties accumulate in derived variables due to propagation through the RO retrieval chain. This is reflected in the inter-center differences, which are small for bending angle and refractivity increasing to dry temperature, dry pressure, and dry geopotential height. The mean differences of the time series in the 8 km to 30 km layer range from −0.08% to 0.12% for bending angle, −0.03% to 0.02% for refractivity, −0.27 K to 0.15 K for dry temperature, −0.04% to 0.04% for dry pressure, and −7.6 m to 6.8 m for dry geopotential height. The corresponding standard deviations are within 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.06 K, 0.02%, and 2.0 m, respectively. The mean trend differences from 8 km to 30 km for bending angle, refractivity, dry temperature, dry pressure, and dry geopotential height are within ±0.02%/5 yrs, ±0.02%/5 yrs, ±0.06 K/5 yrs, ±0.02%/5 yrs, and ±2.3 m/5 yrs, respectively. Although the RO-derived variables are not readily traceable to the international system of units, the high precision nature of the raw RO observables is preserved in the inversion chain.
Organizational Ambidexterity and the Emerging-to-Advanced Economy Nexus: Cases from Private Higher Education Operators in the UK

Peter Stokes is Professor of Leadership and Professional Development at Leicester Castle Business School (LCBC De Montfort University, Leicester, UK). Previously he worked at the University of Chester Business School (UK) where he successfully completed faculty-wide Deputy Dean (2012-2015), Acting Executive Dean (2012-2014) and Director of Research and Knowledge Transfer assignments. He has taught, researched, published and reviewed extensively across a range of areas in world-class journals including: International Journal of Human Resource Management; Human Resources Management; European Management Review; International Business Review; and, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. He is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Organizational Analysis and holds senior roles in a range of international academic associations including UK Ambassador for the Association Francophone de Gestion des Ressources Humaines (AGRH). He has applied his work through national and international knowledge transfer and consultancy projects across a range of business sectors.
EXPLORING SERVPERF: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE, SERVICE QUALITY RELATIONSHIP IN THE UNIFORM RENTAL INDUSTRY

Defining and measuring quality service is of importance to providers of rental services. This study examines the applicability of the service quality measurement scale (SERVPERF) to the rental industry. Apart from assessing the reliability and validity of the scale, the study addresses practical and user-related aspects of rental services. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are also provided.
Tetranychus urticae mites do not mount an induced immune response against bacteria

The genome of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a herbivore, is missing important elements of the canonical Drosophila immune pathways necessary to fight bacterial infections. However, it is not known whether spider mites can mount an immune response and survive bacterial infection. In other chelicerates, bacterial infection elicits a response mediated by immune effectors leading to the survival of infected organisms. In T. urticae, infection by either Escherichia coli or Bacillus megaterium did not elicit a response as assessed through genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. In line with this, spider mites died within days even upon injection with low doses of bacteria that are non-pathogenic to Drosophila. Moreover, bacterial populations grew exponentially inside the infected spider mites. By contrast, Sancassania berlesei, a litter-dwelling mite, controlled bacterial proliferation and resisted infections with both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria lethal to T. urticae. This differential mortality between mite species was absent when mites were infected with heat-killed bacteria. Also, we found that spider mites harbour in their gut 1000-fold less bacteria than S. berlesei. We show that T. urticae has lost the capacity to mount an induced immune response against bacteria, in contrast to other mites and chelicerates but similarly to the phloem feeding aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Hence, our results reinforce the putative evolutionary link between ecological conditions regarding exposure to bacteria and the architecture of the immune response.
The Syngeneic BT4C Rat Malignant Glioma is a Valuable Model to Study Myelomonocytic Cells in Tumors

Background: The impact of infiltrating macrophages on tumor progression in malignant gliomas has been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of animal models for studying the role of infiltrating macrophages in malignant gliomas. Material and methods: The BT4C rat malignant glioma model was characterized by immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory cell types associated with the tumors. Results: BT4C malignant gliomas are highly vascularized tumors with an infiltrative behavior. BT4C gliomas demonstrated a high infiltration rate of macrophages. Particularly, a CD68/VEGFR-1 positive subtype of macrophages was detected at the edges of malignant gliomas. Also, CD133 positive cells were located mainly at the infiltrative edges of gliomas, whereas VEGFR-2 was highly expressed throughout the malignant glioma. Conclusion: The immunocompetent BT4C rat malignant glioma model shows features similar to its human counterpart, which makes it a valuable model to study the impact of tumor associated macrophages in the pathology of malignant gliomas.
Sensitivity, ecotoxicity and histopathological effects on neotropical fish exposed to glyphosate alone and associated to surfactant

The aim of this research was to evaluate neotropical fish sensitivity (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Phallocerus caudimaculatus, Hyphessobrycon eques, and Brachydanio rerio) to a reference substance (potassium chloride); to estimate the lethal concentration (LC50; 96 h) for glyphosate, formulated as Rodeo® alone and in association with 0.5 and 1.0% Aterbane® BR surfactant and to evaluate the histopathology of the gills, liver, and kidney from the fish after acute exposure. P. caudimaculatus and H. eques are good bioindicators like B. rerio because they have similar sensitivity. The LC50;96 h for glyphosate alone and in association with 0.5% Aterbane® BR was similar (>975.0 mg L-1) for all the fish. Aterbane® BR alone was the most toxic substance to P. caudimaculatus (5.81 mg L-1 LC50;96 h) and glyphosate associated to 1.0% Aterbane® BR was more toxic to H. eques (411.91 mg L-1 LC50;96 h). The glyphosate alone and in association with Aterbane® BR was classified as practically non-toxic, whereas Aterbane® BR alone was considered moderately toxic for the tested organisms. The histopathological effects caused by glyphosate exposure on gills, liver, and kidneys are reversible, except for the liver necrosis on P. caudimaculatus. H. eques, P. caudimaculatus, and P. mesopotamicus present great potential to be used as standard organisms for herbicides monitoring and the use of glyphosate without surfactant addition is enough to cause histological alterations on H. eques and P. caudimaculatus, which makes them possible to be applied on environmental monitoring studies as biomarkers. Key words: Bioindicator, pesticide, histology, biomarker, gill, herbicide.
CCD astrometry of Saturn's satellites 1990-1994

In this paper, we publish 1206 measurements of positions of the major satellites of Saturn made in 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1994 using CCD detectors attached to the 1-metre Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope on the island of La Palma. Analysis of the data as inter-satellite posi- tions shows that the observations of Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Titan have root-mean-square residuals of 0: 08, corre- sponding to 500 km at the distance of Saturn.
Necessity and frequency of involuntary hospitalization in psychiatric institution

Involuntary hospitalization for treatment of mental patients is a necessity in modern scientific psychiatric practice. Hospitalization is generally an act of psychological and social disruption of individual’s homeostasis, which is a very important and complex problem for the mentally ill. The goal of the study was to confirm the necessity of involuntary treatment of mental patients in a medical institution, in the interest of patients and the society. The research was conducted as a cross sectional study of hospitalized patients in 2012 at the Clinic for psychiatric disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic" in Belgrade. It included 2286 inpatients, especially involuntarily hospitalized 236 and 719 admitted for hospital treatment with the assistance of the police. The data were statistically analysed by methods of descriptive statistics: χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis, using the software package SPSS v. 20. The results show that 255 patients were admitted to the hospital for the first time with the assistance of the police. Patients hospitalized with the assistance of the police in compared to those hospitalized without the assistance of the police were, with statistical significance: younger, more frequently males, most frequently in the diagnostic group of schizophrenia and less frequently in the group of organic and affective disorders, most often it was their first, and involuntary hospitalization. During the studied period, 236 (10%) of the total number treated patients were involuntarily hospitalized. There were 176 (74.58%) patients detained for treatment by force, with the assistance of police. There is a necessity for involuntary hospitalization of mental patients. The justification of detaining patients in the health institution by such measures is accomplished through legislation in the best interest of the patient.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN NEW ZEALAND

This paper examines the relation between corporate governance mechanisms and earnings management. Using data collected from New Zealand listed companies for the financial year ending in 2005, the results show that the size of the board of directors is significantly positively associated with earnings management. This suggests that larger boards seem to be ineffective in their oversight duties relative to smaller boards. On the other hand, the independence of the board of directors, the independent role of the board chair and chief executive officer, and the independence of audit committees are not significantly associated with earnings management. Thus, these three corporate governance mechanisms are ineffective at monitoring the discretionary choices of management. The lack of effective corporate governance in New Zealand, particularly with regard to boards of directors, is mainly due to the lack of “experience and skills required to oversee the scale, complexity, and characteristics of finance operations” (Ministry of Economic Development, 2009, p.8).
Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep among Youth Participating and Non-Participating in Organized Sports : The Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) Study

Objectives: The aim of this Health Promoting Sport Club (HPSC) study was to compare physical activity (PA), sleep time and screen time (ST) between sports club participants (n = 1200) and non-participants (n = 913). Design: A cross-sectional survey design was employed to assess PA, sleep and ST of adolescents. Methods: Information on these was collected from 14 to 16 year old adolescents (1200 sport club participants and 913 non-participants) through a standardized questionnaire. Results: Boys were more physically active than girls and met the PA guidelines more often than girls (p p p p p < 0.001). Conclusions: Youth participating in organized sports met the recommendations for PA, ST and sleep more often than non- participants, supporting sports clubs’ contribution to health promotion. At the same time, only minor portion of sporting youth met the recommendations, therefore more attention should be focused on sport club participants’ PA, sleep and ST especially in coaching.
Argumentation as/in/for dialogical relation: a case study from elementary school science

Argumentation as a form of introducing children to science has received increasing attention over the past decade. Argumentation tends to be studied and theorized through the lens of individual speakers, who contribute to a conversation by means of opposing statements. M.M. Bakhtin and L.S. Vygotsky independently proposed a very different approach by suggesting that dialogical relations inherently and irreducibly embody argumentation. From this position, dialogical relations allow children to individualize argumentation. In this study, we show how the dialogical framework provides a very different, collective perspective on children’s argumentation in problem-solving processes in elementary science classrooms.
Characteristics of the weathered basement aquifer in Malawi in relation to rural water supplies

Prolonged weathering of crystalline Basement Complex rocks in Central Africa has produced a layer of unconsolidated material which forms an extensive but relatively thin aquifer of low permeability. This is an important source of rural water supplies in Malawi. Potential yields are low, but the 0.25-0.5 1 s~ required for handpumps can be widely obtained where the saturated thickness is more than 10 m. Although the aquifer is relatively extensive, on a local scale, differences in bedrock mineralogy and structure produce significant variations in its physical and chemical characteristics. The distribution of permeability within the aquifer and its relationship to the fluctuating water table are important in determining the drought reliability of the aquifer. Occurrences of poor quality groundwater affect the acceptability of the water supplies and the costs of rural water supply projects. There are difficulties in estimating recharge to the weathered basement aquifer , but even at complete water supply coverage for the rural population the abstraction is only a small proportion of the annual recharge.
A hybrid steady‐state magnetohydrodynamic dust‐driven stellar wind model for AGB stars

We present calculations for a magnetized hybrid wind model for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The model incorporates a canonical Weber–Davis (WD) stellar wind with dust grains in the envelope of an AGB star. The resulting hybrid picture preserves traits of both types of winds. It is seen that this combination requires that the dust parameter (� d )b e less than unity in order to achieve an outflow. The emergence of critical points in the wind changes the nature of the dust-driven outflow; simultaneously, the presence of a dust condensation radius changes the morphology of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solutions for the wind. In this context, we additionally investigate the effect of having magnetic-cold spots on the equator of an AGB star and its implications for dust formation, which are seen to be consistent with previous findings.
BRAKING FORCES DURING BICYCLE PEDALING: AN EXAMINATION OF THE FULL CRANK ROTATION

Pedalling skills are evaluated using angular impluse of negative crank torque (INCT) that occurs in pulling phase (180-360° of crank rotation that 0° is top dead center. INCT has the effect of inhibit crank rotation (“braking force“). The aim of study was to obtain findings to reduce INCT for improving cyclists' pedalling skills. We examined the relationship between INCT and kinetic pedalling data through the full crank rotation. Fifteen male cyclists performed constant pedalling at 80%Vo2max and 90rpm. Kinetic and kinematic pedalling data were measured by the pedal-shaped force platform (KISTLER) and by a 3D motion capture system (VICON). A negative correlation was indicated 80-250° of crank rotation between horizontal pedal force (Fh) and INCT (p<0.05). INCT occurring in pulling phase was affected by amount of Fh in pushing phase.
Behavioral Criminal Law and Economics

Criminal Law and Economics applies economic theory to explain crime, law enforcement, criminal law and criminal procedure. This pathbreaking book draws together sixteen chapters by leading scholars in the field, summarizing theoretical and empirical work researched to date on criminal law and economics. The topics range from private and public enforcement of the law, criminal procedure and regulation to terrorism, cyber crime and tax evasion. The expert contributors also cover the political economy of criminal law as well as behavioral criminal law and economics.
Reading Interest and Behavior in Middle School Students in Innercity and Rural Settings

We examined the reading interest and behavior of students in one rural (n = 664) and one inner-city (n = 510) middle school. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that in general, middle school students are not interested in reading and spend very little time engaged in various reading activities. Further analysis of the data showed differences among school, gender, and grade in responses to the questionnaire. Therefore, although one can make broad claims about middle school students, we propose that it may be useful to look also at different groups of middle school students when trying to make decisions concerning this population. Reading Interest and Behavior in Middle School Students in Innercity and Rural Settings Daphne Greenberg Georgia State University Amanda Gilbert Norcross High School Norcross, GA Laura Fredrick Georgia State University We examined the reading interest and behavior of students in one rural (n = 664) and one inner-city (n = 510) middle school. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that in general, middle school students are not interested in reading and spend very little time engaged in various reading activities. Further analysis of the data showed differences among school, gender, and grade in responses to the questionnaire. Therefore, although one can make broad claims about middle school students, we propose that it may be useful to look also at different groups of middle school students when trying to make decisions concerning this
Optimization with response surface methodology (RSM) of adsorption conditions of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions by pumice

P onza ile Cd(II) adsorpsiyonu için ortam koşullarının optimizasyonu deneysel tasarım ile çalışılmıştır. 2 6-2 Fraksiyonel faktoriyel tasarım (FFD), en yüksek artış ve merkezi kompozit tasarımı (MKT) içeren çok basamaklı bir cevap yüzey yöntemi (CYY), sulu çözeltilerden Cd(II) iyonlarının adsorpsiyon koşullarını optimize etmek için başarılı bir şekilde uygulanmıştır. En etkili ortam parametreleri FFD ile pH, başlangıç Cd(II) derişimi ve sıcaklık olarak belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra optimum noktaya yakın aralıkların belirlenmesi için en dik artış yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Son olarak, adsorpsiyon koşullarının optimizasyonunda bir cevap yüzeyi geliştirmek için MKT uygulanmıştır. Cd(II) adsorpsiyonu için optimum koşullar pH, başlangıç Cd(II) derişimi ve sıcaklık için sırasıyla 7.01, 107.14 mg/L ve 32.48°C olarak belirlenmiştir. Cd(II) iyonlarının adsorpsiyonunu açıklamak için MKT ile bir kuadratik model geliştirilmiştir.
Quality of Argumentation Models

This study investigated the effectiveness of updated argumentation quality criteria. It evaluated the scale and quality of selected argumentation models judged by the new criteria. Effectiveness concerned content validity, reliability, and practicality of the criteria. The argumentation models were regarded as possessing good quality when they featured important elements in the criteria and received high scores. Five argumentation models were purposefully selected from an argumentative writing course. The models were evaluated by three evaluators with expertise in academic writing. Analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the quality criteria and scale. It addressed all important concerns in evaluation of argumentation; evaluation scores were in accordance with each other, and the important argumentation elements carried equivalent weight. Only three of the models received a quality score of 4 on a scale of 0 (null) to 5 (highest), because they did not feature all quality elements required by the criteria. The updated framework and argumentation models can be further employed for teaching, learning and evaluating argumentation.
The Topology of the Cosmic Web in Terms of Persistent Betti Numbers

We introduce a multiscale topological description of the Megaparsec web-like cosmic matter distribution. Betti numbers and topological persistence offer a powerful means of describing the rich connectivity structure of the cosmic web and of its multiscale arrangement of matter and galaxies. Emanating from algebraic topology and Morse theory, Betti numbers and persistence diagrams represent an extension and deepening of the cosmologically familiar topological genus measure and the related geometric Minkowski functionals. In addition to a description of the mathematical background, this study presents the computational procedure for computing Betti numbers and persistence diagrams for density field filtrations. The field may be computed starting from a discrete spatial distribution of galaxies or simulation particles. The main emphasis of this study concerns an extensive and systematic exploration of the imprint of different web-like morphologies and different levels of multiscale clustering in the corresponding computed Betti numbers and persistence diagrams. To this end, we use Voronoi clustering models as templates for a rich variety of web-like configurations and the fractal-like Soneira-Peebles models exemplify a range of multiscale configurations. We have identified the clear imprint of cluster nodes, filaments, walls, and voids in persistence diagrams, along with that of the nested hierarchy of structures in multiscale point distributions. We conclude by outlining the potential of persistent topology for understanding the connectivity structure of the cosmic web, in large simulations of cosmic structure formation and in the challenging context of the observed galaxy distribution in large galaxy surveys.