Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compact representations and pruning in residual networks

We show that residual networks encode their input signals in the transient dynamics 1 of the neurons in each layer. These representations are similar for inputs from 2 the same class, and distinct for inputs from different classes. Based on the neural 3 transient dynamics, we provide a sufficient criterion to determine the depth of such 4 networks during training. This criterion is based on the convergence of the neural 5 dynamics in the last two successive layers of the residual block. This method 6 compresses the depth of the network and removes unnecessary deep layers. 7
Towards an Emerging Understanding of Non-local Transport

In this overview, recent progress on experimental analysis and theoretical models for non-local transport (non-Fickian fluxes in real space) is overviewed. The non-locality in the heat and momentum transport observed in the plasma, the departures from linear flux-gradient proportionality and spontaneously as well as externally triggered non-local transport phenomena will be described in both L-mode and improved-mode plasmas. We will report on ongoing evaluation of ”fast front” and ”intrinsically nonlocal” models, and their success in comparisons with experimental data. PACS numbers: 52.55. Hc, 52.55. Fa, 52.50. Sw, 52.50. Gj Towards an Emerging Understanding of Non-local Transport 2
Characteristic density contrasts in the evolution of superclusters. The case of A2142 supercluster

The formation and evolution of the cosmic web in which galaxy superclusters are the largest relatively isolated objects is governed by a gravitational attraction of dark matter and antigravity of dark energy (cosmological constant). We study the characteristic density contrasts in the spherical collapse model for several epochs in the supercluster evolution and their dynamical state. We analysed the density contrasts for the turnaround, future collapse and zero gravity in different LCDM models and applied them to study the dynamical state of the supercluster A2142 with an almost spherical main body. The analysis of the supercluster A2142 shows that its high-density core has already started to collapse. The zero-gravity line outlines the outer region of the main body of the supercluster. In the course of future evolution the supercluster may split into several collapsing systems. The various density contrasts presented in our study and applied to the supercluster A2142 offer a promising way to characterise the dynamical state and expected future evolution of galaxy superclusters.
On locally linearly dependent operators and derivations

The (cid:12)rst section of the paper deals with linear operators T i : U −! V , i = 1 ,. ,n , where U and V are vector spaces over an in(cid:12)nite (cid:12)eld, such that for every u 2 U , the vectors T 1 u,. ,T n u are linearly dependent modulo a (cid:12)xed (cid:12)nite dimensional subspace of V . In the second section, outer derivations of dense algebras of linear operators are discussed. The results of the (cid:12)rst two sections of the paper are applied in the last section, where commuting pairs of continuous derivations d,g of a Banach algebra A such that ( dg )( x ) is quasi{nilpotent for every x 2 A are characterized.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Do we need new management paradigms to achieve sustainability in tropical forests? Tropical Deforestation, Community Forests, and Protected Areas in the Maya Forest

Community forests and protected areas have each been proposed as strategies to stop deforestation. These management strategies should be regarded as hypotheses to be evaluated for their effectiveness in particular places. We evaluated the community-forestry hypothesis and the protected-area hypothesis in community forests with commercial timber production and strict protected areas in the Maya Forest of Guatemala and Mexico. From land-use and land cover change (LUCC) maps derived from satellite images, we compared deforestation in 19 community forests and 11 protected areas in both countries in varying periods from 1988 to 2005. Deforestation rates were higher in protected areas than in community forests, but the differences were not significant. An analysis of human presence showed similar deforestation rates in inhabited protected areas and recently inhabited community forests, but the differences were not significant. There was also no significant difference in deforestation between uninhabited protected areas, uninhabited community forests, and long-inhabited community forests. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors correlated with deforestation varied by country. Distance to human settlements, seasonal wetlands, and degree and length of human residence were significant in Guatemala, and distance to previous deforestation and tropical semideciduous forest were significant in Mexico. Varying contexts and especially colonization histories are highlighted as likely factors that influence different outcomes. Poorly governed protected areas perform no better as a conservation strategy than poorly governed community forests with recent colonists in active colonization fronts. Long-inhabited extractive communities perform as well as uninhabited strict protected areas under low colonization pressure. A review of costs and benefits suggests that community forests may generate more local income with lower costs. Small sample sizes may have limited the statistical power of our comparisons, but descriptive statistics on deforestation rates, logistic regression analyses, LUCC maps, data available on local economic impacts, and long-term ethnographic and action-research constitute a web of evidence supporting our conclusions. Long-inhabited community forest management for timber can be as effective as uninhabited parks at delivering long-term forest protection under certain circumstances and more effective at delivering local benefits.
Changes in biochemical contents in Cassia occidentalis l. In response to automobile pollution in Meerut city, India

Urban Air Quality Management in developing countries due to vehicular pollution causes significant impacts. Increased traffic especially in cities and the exhaust from the vehicles cause adverse effect on the health of the people. It also affects the vegetation growing near the traffic intersections. Among the various categories, air pollution by automobiles is the most insidious one, which exerts highly detrimental effects on living organisms. Ambient air pollution in several large cities of India is amongst some of the highest in the world. Present study deals with the observation made on Cassia occidentalis on different roadsides having heavy pollution load in comparison to control. The studies were made on Cassia occidentalis taken from Garh Road, Delhi Road, Railway Road, and University Road. Reduction in chlorophyll contents were found to be depends on pollution concentration. An increase significant reduction was observed at highly polluted sites due to high concentration of automobile pollution, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were reduced.
Band convergence and linearization error correction of all-electron GW calculations: The extreme case of zinc oxide

Recently, Shih et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 146401 (2010)] published a theoretical band gap for wurtzite ZnO, calculated with the non-selfconsistent GW approximation, that agreed surprisingly well with experiment while deviating strongly from previous studies. They showed that a very large number of empty bands is necessary to converge the gap. We reexamine the GW calculation with the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method and find that even with 3000 bands the band gap is not completely converged. A hyperbolical fit is used to extrapolate to infinite bands. Furthermore, we eliminate the linearization error for high-lying states with local orbitals. In fact, our calculated band gap is considerably larger than in previous studies, but somewhat smaller than that of Shih et al.
Cross-ripple patterns and wave directional spectra

[1] Rotary sonar images of the seafloor during SandyDuck97 are used to investigate the geometry of the cross-rippled bed state relative to the directional properties of the incident waves. The sonar imagery indicates that the cross-ripple pattern is a quasi-regular diamond-shaped lattice constructed of variable length ladder-like tiles, each with shorter-wavelength ripples residing within the troughs of the longer-wavelength component. The longer-wavelength crests were oriented at approximately ±30° with respect to the incident wave direction. Most wave directional spectra were not bimodal in direction and, for the small number (17%) which were, the distribution of the angular separations of the two peaks was very broad and indicated no preferred value. Thus, contrary to some previous suggestions in the literature, these results indicate not only that cross ripples do not require waves propagating from two different directions for their formation but also that for most of the occurrences during this experiment, cross ripples formed when the incident wave field was unimodal in direction. Finally, the orientation angles of the long-crested ripple components exhibit no dependence on mean current velocity.
UCLA Nutrition Bytes Title Effect of Maternal Dietary Vitamin D on Low Birthweight and Asthma Permalink

Vitamin D is important in growth and development as well as immunity. Recently, research has shown that vitamin D can also play a significant role during pregnancy and affect infant and childhood outcomes. Based on a review of seven studies, dietary vitamin D during pregnancy may decrease the risk for low birthweight and childhood asthma in progeny. In regards to infant birthweight, increasing levels of dietary vitamin D intake during pregnancy is associated with higher birthweights. In addition, studies show that progeny of mothers with a higher dietary intake of vitamin D during pregnancy have a lower risk for asthma and wheezing symptoms. However, the lack of serum data and randomized controlled trials suggest the need for further research to validate these findings. Lim and Wu: Effect of Maternal Dietary Vitamin D on Low Birthweight and Asthma
The use of thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients

What is known: Rapid restoration of patency of the infarct-related artery is the key to preserving myocardium and improving survival in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Controversy surrounding the efficacy and cost of thrombolytic agents has lent uncertainty to the choice of thrombolytic agents. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the use of thrombolytic agents in AMI, including time to treatment, and types, efficacy, and adverse effects of thrombolytic agents employed. Methods: Patients who were hospitalised with AMI over the past two years from January 2007 to December 2008 were involved. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The thrombolytic agents were most commonly given within two to four hours (42.85%) of symptom onset and were rarely given after 12 hours (11.43%). A negative correlation was found between time to treatment and creatine kinase (CK) reduction [r(33) = -0.27, p>0.05]. The majority of the patients were given streptokinase. No significant differences were found between streptokinase and alteplase in CK reduction, duration of hospitalisation, and post-infarct residual heart function. Bleeding was the predominant adverse drug event reported in the alteplase treatment group. Streptokinase was associated with cardiovascular side effects and allergic reactions. What is New: The study included Malaysian patients. Conclusion: streptokinase and alteplase had similar efficacy in AMI patients. Other factors such as adverse effects should be considered when selecting a thrombolytic agent.
The Teaching and Learning of Diffusion and Osmosis: What Can We Learn from Analysis of Classroom Practices? A Case Study

Background:The objective of this study is to describe the way in which two important biological phenomena, namely diffusion and osmosis, are addressed in the classroom. The study builds on extensive research conducted over the past twenty years showing that students’ appropriation of these two phenomena remains partial and incomplete.Material and methods:Using a case study (a course made up of eight periods), we collected data in three stages: interviews with the teacher regarding his planning; a video recording of the entire course; and feedback interviews with the teacher subsequent to the course.Results:The study’s results show that the difficulties encountered by the students cannot be attributed solely to their personal characteristics (state of development of the scientific mindset, prior learning, etc.). Instead, they appear to be largely associated with teaching practices and the potential these practices hold in terms of allowing students to appropriate these concepts.Conclusions:The results presented in this article are significant in their contribution to improving teaching methods for diffusion and osmosis, and thus to facilitating their understanding by students.
Tracing Decision Processes in Complex, Ambiguous, Information-rich Environments

In order to understand analytic processes in organisations, better tools are required to trace decision processes. An impediment to progress in this area has been the tendency to over-simplify inherently complex information environments or the data that they produce. We address this issue by providing worked examples from the Analysis Simulation Project (ASP). ASP methodology consists of a computer-administered information grid of 64 cells of 50-130 words each. The information accessing activity of participants is recorded. Our results present novel approaches to maintaining optimal complexity in environmental representation and data analysis. Specifically we demonstrate how computer-mediated process tracing methods can simulate the cognitive experience of complexity and how the data can be used to examine behaviour at increasing levels of complexity. We conclude that computer-mediated process-tracing tools provide an opportunity to comprehensively model complex information processing behaviour and therefore allow improved insight into phenomena with similar outcomes but distinct processes.
8 MANAGEMENT OF THE ROOT ROT OF PEANUT IN THE NEWLY RECLAIMED LAND IN El-BEHERA GOVERNORATE , EGYPT

Several fungi were found to be associated with root rot of peanut in the newly reclaimed land in El-Behera governorate. Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp. , Sclerotium rolfsii, and Macrophomina phaseolina were prevalent over the collected samples and recovered in frequencies of 74%, 69%, 66 %, 48% and 39% , respectively. Rhizopus stolonifer, Pythium debaryanum, Mucor spp. and Verticillium albo-atrum were also recovered but at much lower frequencies of 22%, 21%, 13% and 9%, respectively. The cv. G6 of peanut was the most resistant cultivar tested. Means of the pre-and post–emergence damping off incited on cv. G6 were as low as 16.8% and 20.6 %, respectively. This compared to 21.2%; 29.1% on cv. G5. and 28.6 %; 33.8% on cv.G4. The 1 st of may was the best sowing date for suppressing the root rot of peanut in the newly reclaimed land in El-Behera governorate. Amount of the disease, assessed as damping off, was as low as 44.6% when peanut was seeded on the 1 st of May compared to 55.6%, 51.7 %, and 59.3 % for the 15 th of April, the 15 th of May and the 1 st June, respectively. NPK fertilization at 1545-48 unit/fed. was the best NPK fertilization rate for minimizing damping off to 25.9% and maximizing pod yield of peanut to 827 kg/fed. Implementation of the above recommended agronomic measures along with the use of the biofungicide Plant-guard significantly decreased the damping off incited to 19.9% which was not significantly different from that of the fungicide Topsin-M (16.7%). Rizolex-T, however, aided with the above recommended agronomic measures, was of the highest effect and J. Agric. & Env. Sci. Alex. Univ., Egypt. Vol. 3 ( 1 ) 2004 01 suppressed root rot of peanut to 6.9% compared to 10.5% for Vitavax 200, and 31.1% for the non-treated control. This was reflected in 93.1% healthy survival plants and 1285 kg/fed. pod yield of peanut compared to 68.9% and 856 kg/fed. , respectively, for the non-treated control.
The Impact of Foreign Investment Flows on Global Linkages of The Asian Emerging Equity Markets

Evidence of the impact of foreign equity investment flows on the global linkages of the Asian emerging equity markets is provided. Findings confirm that there is a general trend towards greater integration and this process appears to be influenced by the increasing volumes of foreign equity portfolio investment flows. The results support the widely-held view that foreign investors are return chasers and their trading behaviour is based on information drawn from recent returns available in the emerging markets. The results also confirm the price-pressure hypothesis which suggests that foreign equity investors are mainly responsible for the increases in the stock market valuations in the Asian emerging markets. In view of the findings, the Asian emerging markets may become more vulnerable to the changes in foreign investment flows and turn more volatile in future.
Turning Swift Policy-making into Deadlock and Delay

Most member states of the European Union (EU) have some difficulty in transposing EU directives. Despite the obligation to comply with EU law, member states are often slow to adopt national policies implementing directives. In this paper I analyse this problem by focusing on the coordination of transposition in the domestic policy arena. Coordination is approached as a game in which one or more higher-level players decide on policy when lower-level players are unable to make a decision. Based on the model developed in the paper, lower-level players sometimes appear to have discretion in shaping the policy transposing a directive. Furthermore, if a single player coordinates the transposition process, the implementing policy differs from the policy specified by the directive. However, a decisionmaking process with more than one higher-level player can result in deadlock, leading to a literal transposition of a directive. Moreover, deadlock between the deciding players may delay the transposition process. Both mechanisms are illustrated by two cases of decision-making on EU directives in The Netherlands: the cocoa and chocolate products directive and the laying hens directive. The analysis shows that the framework developed in this paper contributes to the understanding of transposition.
Maternal Mortality at a Teaching Hospital of Rural India: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Pregnancy, although being considered a physiological state, carries risk of serious maternal morbidity and at times death. This is due to various complications that may occur during pregnancy, labour or thereafter. Maternal death has serious implications on the family, the society and the nation. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is a very sensitive index that reflects the quality of health care provided by the country to the women population. Objectives: To assess the maternal mortality ratio and the causes of maternal death over a period of five years at a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural India. Methods: A retrospective hospital based study of 256 maternal deaths over a period of 5 years from January 2008 to December 2012. The information regarding demographic profile and reproductive parameters were collected and results were analyzed by using percentage and proportion. Results: Over the study period, there were 52413 deliveries, giving a MMR of 518.48 per 1,00,000 live births. The leading direct cause (81.64%) was Eclampsia (43.75%), while indirect (18.35%) leading cause was heart disease (6.64%). Most of the women (60.92%) died within 12 hours of admission suggesting majority patients reach the tertiary care hospital quite late. The age group of below 25 years (67.17%), primigravida (63.28%) and unbooked cases (89.84%) were mainly affected. Conclusions: Most maternal deaths are preventable by optimum antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care. Early referral, quick and well equipped transport facilities and promotion of overall safe motherhood is essential to reduce maternal deaths.
Further study of the dynamics of two-dimensional MHD coherent structures — a large-scale simulation

We report new large-scale two-dimensional MHD simulations regarding the random onset and interactions of localized coherent structures as well as the long-range behavior of such stochastic systems. With a magnetic shear, multiple coherent structures are formed and aligned with the imposed current sheet due to 3uctuation-induced, nonlinear instabilities. These results exhibit certain aspects of the intermittent turbulence model of sporadic localized reconnections for the Earth’s magnetotail recently suggested by Chang. c © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Day-of-the-week effects: another evidence from top 50 Australian stocks

In this paper, we study day-of-the-week effects in the top 50 Australian companies across different industry sectors. Unlike other Australian studies, we study weekday seasonality using stock return data of individual companies. Utilizing the daily data for the period of January 2001 through June 2010, we find that weekday anomalies are mixed across companies and industries. We also find the largest mean weekday returns occur on Monday for 15 companies, most of which are the materials and energy companies. Further tests indicate that returns on Monday are significant larger than the other four days for six companies. Our results lend some support to the view of reversing weekend effects (e.g., Connolly, 1989; Doyle and Chen, 2007).
A unified approach to linear programming bounds for queueing networks: systems with polyhedral invariance of transition probabilities

We develop a framework for obtaining linear programming performance bounds in queueing networks. The structure allowing for the development of the bounds requires that the underlying Markov chain model possess translational invariance of its transition probabilities on polyhedra. Such a structure is exhibited by many systems of interest. The bounds are then obtained via a performance-to-performance duality.
Knowledge management, market orientation, innovativeness and organizational outcomes: a study on companies operating in Brazil

This article analyzes the study of the relationship among knowledge management, the company's market orientation, innovativeness and organizational outcomes. The survey was conducted based on a survey held with executives from 241 companies in Brazil. The evidence found indicates that knowledge management directly contributes to market orientation, but it requires a clearly defined strategic direction to achieve results and innovativeness. It was also concluded that knowledge, as a resource, leverages other resources of the company, while it requires a direction in relation to the organizational goals in order to be effective.