Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that is linked with fatal complications and is an overwhelming global challenge. Primary prevention is a key to control hypertension with identification of major risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 903 adults aged 25 to 64 years in Dire Dawa City, East Ethiopia. Data were collected using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable disease (NCD) standard survey tool. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify relative effects of distal, proximal, and immediate risk factors of hypertension, and all statistical tests were declared significantly at P-value<0.05. Results The average SBP and DBP were 124.98±17.18 mmHg and 78.92±10.13 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.43% (95% CI: 21.57, 27.28). Majority (51.64%) of adults were not aware of their elevated blood pressure status. hypertension was significantly associated with the age group 30-44 (aOR 3.61, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.55), 45-54 (aOR 5.36, 95% CI: 2.62, 10.91), and 55-64 (aOR 9.38, 95% CI: 4.73, 18.59), being unemployed (aOR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.77), ever smoking (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.23), having abdominal obesity (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.64), and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (aOR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.15). Conclusion Moderately high prevalence of hypertension was observed among adults in study setting demonstrating a major public health problem. Majority of adults with hypertension in study setting were not aware of their elevated BP status highlighting the burden of the hidden morbidity and subsequent complications. Community level intervention and routine assessment of sociodemographic, behavioral, and biophysiological risk factors, screening, and diagnosis of NCDs should be institutionalized to address the occult burden.
(In-)stability of singular equivariant solutions to the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation

In this paper, we use formal asymptotic arguments to understand the stability properties of equivariant solutions to the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert model for ferromagnets. We also analyse both the harmonic map heatflow and Schrödinger map flow limit cases. All asymptotic results are verified by detailed numerical experiments, as well as a robust topological argument. The key result of this paper is that blowup solutions to these problems are co-dimension one and hence both unstable and non-generic.
Effect of Black Dates on Iron Deficiency Anemia of Orphanage Children

Iron deficiency anemia represents a major public health problem, particularly in infants, young children and pregnant women. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of black dates on children suffering from iron deficiency anemia living in orphanage. Forty male children (9-11years) were divided into four equal groups. Non-anemic group, anemic groups include positive control group, date with hulls group and date without hulls group (ingested100g black dates daily for 8 weeks). The energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, vitamins and minerals intake of non-anemic and anemic groups compared with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) were evaluated. The anthropometric measurements and hematological parameters during the experiment period were also evaluated. Anemic groups did not consume enough protein however; energy and fiber were approximately similar to the DRI values. Non-anemic group and anemic groups had lower thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium and phosphorus intake than DRI values. Iron and zinc was higher in non-anemic group compared with DRI values while anemic groups had an opposite trend. Date without hulls group had higher weight and body mass index than non-anemic group and date with hulls group. Hemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation in black date groups were increased by increasing the experiment period while total iron binding capacity had an opposite trend. Date without hulls group was more effective than date with hulls group in improving serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity.
Permian fossils and palaeoenvironments of the northern Sydney Basin, New South Wales

Three invertebrate fossil sites (one newly discovered) of early and middle Permian age in the Sydney Basin of New South Wales provide an insight into changing depositional environments that were dominated by marine glaciogenic conditions. The Allandale fossil site is a shell bed within the early Permian Allandale Formation (Dalwood Group) exposed in a railway cutting near Harpers Hill, where specimens of the large bivalve Eurydesma were first collected in 1831. Excavation of this site in 2011 during track upgrading allowed collection of many well-preserved Eurydesma specimens in a sandy conglomerate facies. One specimen has remnant colour banding under UV illumination. A slightly younger bivalve-dominated faunal assemblage, exposed during excavations at Tocal near Paterson, is the first fossiliferous occurrence of Permian age recorded in that area and is assigned to the Rutherford Formation (Dalwood Group). Depositional environments at the Allandale and Tocal sites were nearshore marine, in moderately turbulent water. In contrast, the Fenestella Shale Member — here formalised — of the Branxton Formation (Maitland Group), exposed in a quarry near Mulbring, contains a diverse fossil fauna representing an in situ assemblage of complete and unfragmented specimens, with rare bands of fossil debris. Recorded from this site are: abundant fenestellid bryozoa; numerous brachiopods (both spiriferides and productoids) associated with molluscs (bivalves, rare gastropods, nautiloids and rostroconchs); echinoderms (crinoids and blastoids); and trilobites. Increased diversity of this middle Permian fauna, relative to those examined from the Dalwood Group, reflects its offshore marine shelf environment in water depths below normal wave base.
Downstream Propagation and Remote Dissipation of Internal Waves in the Southern Ocean

Recent microstructure observations in the Southern Ocean report enhanced internal gravity waves and turbulence in the frontal regions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current extending a kilometer above rough bottom topography. Idealized numerical simulations and linear theory show that geostrophic flows impinging on rough small-scale topography are very effective generators of internal waves and estimate vigorous wave radiation, breaking, and turbulence within a kilometer above bottom. However, both idealized simulations and linear theory assume periodic and spatially uniform topography and tend to overestimate the observed levels of turbulent energy dissipation locally at the generation sites. In this study, we explore the downstream evolution and remote dissipation of internal waves generated by geostrophic flows using a series of numerical, realistic topography simulations and parameters typical of Drake Passage. The results show that significant levels of internal wave kinetic energy and energy dissipation are present downstream of the rough topography, internal wave generation site. About 30%–40% of the energy dissipation occurs locally over the rough topography region, where internal waves are generated. The rest of the energy dissipation takes place remotely and decays downstream of the generation site with an e-folding length scale of up to 20–30 km. The model we use is two-dimensional with enhanced viscosity coefficients, and hence it can result in the underestimation of the remote wave dissipation and its decay length scale. The implications of our results for turbulent energy dissipation observations and mixing parameterizations are discussed.
Land‐use in Europe affects land snail assemblages directly and indirectly by modulating abiotic and biotic drivers

Type and intensity of land‐use vary in space and time and strongly contribute to changes in richness and composition of species communities. In this study, we examined land snail communities in forests and grasslands in three regions of Germany. We aimed to quantify the extent to which snail density, diversity, and community composition in forests and grasslands are determined by (1) land‐use intensity, (2) abiotic drivers and (3) biotic substrates, and (4) whether these effects are consistent across regions. In total, we collected 15,607 snail individuals belonging to 71 species and analyzed both direct and indirect effects using structural equation modeling. Snail densities and their local diversity varied across regions and between forest and grassland habitats within a region albeit with contrasting trends. Community composition also differed among regions—more strongly in forests than in grasslands—and each habitat had unique species (18 in forests, 21 in grasslands). In general, the direct impact of land‐use on snail density, diversity, and community structure was on average nine (forests) and seven (grasslands) times lower than the impact of abiotic drivers and biotic substrates which both affected snail assemblages about equally. However, land‐use factors had indirect effects on snail responses through abiotic variables such as soil moisture and soil pH. Furthermore, land‐use factors also had indirect effects via changing biotic substrates, such as plant cover in grasslands and deadwood cover in forests. Our results show that land snails strongly respond to environmental gradients and add an important indicator taxon to the current evidence of land‐use impacts, highlighting the complexity of direct and indirect effects via biotic and abiotic drivers across regions in Central Europe.
Role of GABA-induced Ca2+ signal in axonal outgrowth in hippocampal newborn granule cells

i CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES . vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 1 Chapter 1 GABA mediates the network activity-dependent facilitation of axonal outgrowth . 3 Introduction . 4 Materials and Methods . 7 Results . 15 Discussion . 40 Chapter 2 CaV1.3 is essential for GABAergic synapse formation in newborn granule cells . 51 Introduciton . 52 Materials and Methods . 55 Results . 60
Improvement of salinity tolerance in rice during boro season by proline application

Salinity causes cellular damage, limiting crop productivity. Accumulation of proline is one of the main adaptive mechanisms to salinity in plants. The main objective of this study was to mitigate the adverse effects of soil salinity in boro rice by exogenous application of proline. The field experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field of Botiaghata, Khulna with Boro rice. The soil was silty clay loam having pH 7.2, EC 6.6 dS/m, CEC 26 meq/100 g soil and organic matter content 0.84%. Two rice varieties (salt-sensitive; BRRI dhan29 and salt-tolerant; BINA dhan-8) were used as test crops. There were ten treatment combinations with different concentrations of proline applied at seedling and/or vegetative stages. Recommended doses of N, P, K, S and Zn fertilizers were applied to the all experimental plots. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil salinity caused a significant reduction in growth and yield of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice. Salt-tolerant rice produced higher grain and straw yields than salt-sensitive rice. Application of proline significantly increased growth, and grain and straw yields of boro rice under saline condition. There were no considerable variations in growth and yield of rice due to the different doses of proline. Increased nutrient uptake and K+/Na+ ratio in boro rice were observed due to proline application. The present study suggests that exogenous proline improves salt tolerance in rice by increasing K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake. Progressive Agriculture 29 (4): 295-303, 2018
Producing Quality Adjusted Hospital Price Indexes

This paper evaluates the relationship between hospital cost and quality and examines the impact of changing hospital quality on measures of hospital price inflation. To construct the official price indexes, government statistical agencies collect the prices of a fixed sample of goods over time. The price indexes can be biased if the quality of the goods is changing over time. In that case, the price index would reflect unobserved quality change in addition to pure price changes. Cost changes associated with the quality change can be used to quality adjust the price index. Measures of hospital quality are published by the Department of Health and Human Services through its Hospital Compare project. This paper estimates the causal relationship between the quality measures and hospital costs using the instrumental variable technique of Doyle et al. (2015), which is based on plausibly exogenous assignment to different ambulance companies. The relationship between cost and quality measures is then used to produce a cost-based quality adjustment for the inpatient hospital producer price index. The quality adjusted inpatient hospital price indexes increase at an average annual rate of 0.19 to 0.26 percentage points less than the unadjusted index from 2010-2016.
The Population of the Non-indigenous Bivalve Arcuatula senhousia of the Varano Lagoon (Adriatic Sea, Italy)

A population of the invasive mussel Arcuatula senhousia (Benson in Cantor, 1842) was monitored seasonally (May, July and October 2015) in the Varano lagoon, the largest brackish basin of Southern Italy, within the Gargano National Park, Central Adriatic Sea, in order to give information on the abundance, wet weight and frequency classes. The data were collected during a survey carried within the framework of the Regional Project FEP Apulia 2007/2013 “Identificazione di misure per una migliore gestione e conservazione della risorsa vongola nel lago di Varano (FG)”. Summer anoxia may have reduced the mussel population, resulting in less abundance, wet weight and average size in October than in July and May. In particular, about length data, two cohorts were observed in May and October 2015, while a modal distribution in July 2015.
Review on the progress in the role of herbal extracts in tilapia culture

Abstract Tilapia is one of the most important fish in freshwater aquaculture. However, increased intensification of aquaculture has led to many constraints including, poor growth, and poor health. This has made it hard for fish farmers to turn the biological benefits associated with intensive farming systems into economical gain. Moreover, the wide adoption use of chemotherapeutic drugs to maintain health and sex reversal hormones to control reproduction appears to be merely production-oriented, thus unsustainable. Hence, improvement of productions in aquaculture should also focus on environmentally friendly, and sustainable methods. Today, huge attention is focused on the use of medicinal herbal extracts to improve yield in aquaculture as alternatives to chemical agents. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to critically review the effectiveness of herbal extracts in tilapia farming, and further highlight gaps in the existing knowledge and the way forward in using medicinal herbal extracts in tilapia aquaculture. A wide range of medicinal herbal products were reported to enhance growth, appetite, immune responses, antioxidation, hepatoprotective activity, and control reproduction in tilapia species; attributed by their abundant bio-actives such as saponin, phenols, flavonoids and polysaccharides. However, the lack of sufficient knowledge on herbal extracts limits the cost-effective use of herbal extracts in tilapia aquaculture. Little knowledge still exists on herbal extract concentration, types of extracts, and their potential negative impacts on fish, consumers, and environment, just to mention but a few. More researches are therefore deemed necessary to optimize the use of herbal extracts in tilapia culture.
Relationship between mothers’ thoughts and behaviors and their daughters’ development of the body image

espanolLos comportamientos relacionados con la imagen corporal estan influenciados por el aprendizaje y el entorno sociocultural; los padres pueden contribuir a los problemas alimentarios de sus hijos apoyando dichos valores sociales. Sabemos que en el desarrollo de la imagen corporal de las ninas es fundamental la identificacion con el progenitor del mismo sexo. Sin embargo, se desconoce el alcance de la influencia materna, por lo que nuestro objetivo ha sido analizar la relacion entre los pensamientos y los comportamientos de las madres y el desarrollo de la imagen corporal de sus hijas, especificamente sobre las variables: imagen percibida e imagen ideal, satisfaccion y preocupacion por el cuerpo y comportamientos de la red social. En el estudio participaron 53 parejas de madres e hijas, siendo estas ultimas ninas con un indice de masa corporal normal y con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y los 13 anos. Los resultados muestran que existe una relacion entre el comportamiento y los pensamientos de las madres y el desarrollo de la imagen corporal de las ninas tanto a nivel cognitivo como comportamental. Concluimos que las madres desempenan un papel importante en el desarrollo de la imagen corporal de sus hijas, ya que aunque todas las ninas tuvieron un peso normal, se encontraron diferencias en su imagen corporal en funcion de las variables evaluadas en las madres. EnglishBehaviors related to body image are influenced by learning and sociocultural environment; the parents can contribute to their children’s food problems through social values that they are supporting. Furthermore, it is known that during the development of the body image of girls it is fundamental the identification with the parent of the same sex. However, the extent of maternal influence is unknown, so our aim is to analyze the relationship between thoughts and behaviors of mothers and the development of their daughters’ body image, specifically on the variables: perceived image and ideal image, satisfaction and concern about body image, and social network behaviors. The study involved 53 pairs of mothers and daughters, the latter being girls with a normal body mass index and aged between 9 and 13 years. The results show that there is a relationship between the behavior and thoughts of mothers and the development of body image of girls on a cognitive and behavioral level. We conclude that mothers play an important role in the development of body image as though all girls are within normal weight, differences were found in body image of girls in terms of the variables evaluated in mothers.
This version: January 2011 Do the SEC’s Enforcement Preferences Affect Corporate Misconduct?

Recent frauds have questioned the efficacy of the SEC’s enforcement program. We hypothesize that differences in firms’ information sets about SEC enforcement and constraints facing the SEC affect firms’ proclivity to adopt aggressive accounting practices. We find that firms located closer to the SEC and in areas with greater past SEC enforcement activity, both proxies for firms’ information about SEC enforcement, are less likely to restate their financial statements. Consistent with the resource-constrained SEC view, the SEC is more likely to investigate firms located closer to its offices. Our results suggest that regulation is most effective when it is local. We acknowledge helpful comments from Patricia Dechow (referee), Jerry Zimmerman (editor), Bob Bowen, Dave Burgstahler, Dan Collins, John Core, Neil Fargher, Jon Glover, Jean Helwege, Steve Huddart, Ken Lehn, Dawn Matsumoto, Bob McDonald, Venkatesh Panchapagesan, Terry Shevlin and workshop participants at Australian Graduate School of Management, Boston College, Duke University, University of Iowa, Nanyang Business School, Pennsylvania State University, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, University of Texas at Dallas, and the University of Washington on an earlier version of this paper. Kedia (Rajgopal) thanks the Whitcomb center (University of Washington and Emory University) for financial assistance. All errors are ours.
Can Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/Lymphocyte Rates Predict Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients?

Cite this article as: Ceylan Y, Tatlıdil S, Şen S, Sarsık B, Özcan Z. Can Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/Lymphocyte Rates Predict Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients? J Urol Surg 2019;6(2):105-110. Correspondence: Yeşim Ceylan MD, Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkiye Phone: +90 507 707 18 89 E-mail: dryesimceylan@gmail.com ORCID-ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-5307 Received: 12.09. 2018 Accepted: 11.12. 2018 Objective: Bone metastasis is common in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, there has been a growing interest in the potential role of inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), in predicting advanced disease in patients with solid tumors. In the current study, we aimed to assess the relationship of bone metastasis detected on bone scintigraphy (BS) with NLR, PLR, and NMR in patients with Pca. Materials and Methods: The study group included 85 PCa patients. Patient characteristics, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, Gleason score, histopathological features, presence of metastatic focus on BS and complete blood count values were retrospectively evaluated. The relationship of the presence of bone metastasis on BS with clinicopathological features such as PSA, Gleason score, histopathological findings and NLR, PLR and NMR values were investigated. Results: Median NLR, PLR and NMR were 2.90, 125.69 and 8.38, respectively. Thirty-six patients had metastatic disease on BS. Our findings showed a statistically significant relationship between high NLR value and the presence of bone metastasis (p=0.018) and high Gleason score (p=0.034). However, no significant statistical relationship was found between clinicopathological features and PLR and NMR values (p>0.05). Conclusion: Despite the limited number of patients, a significant relationship between high NLR and metastatic bone disease was found. While high NLR has been generally considered an independent risk factor for poor PCa prognosis, we assume that larger scale studies are warranted to assess its value as a prognostic indicator in PCa patients.