Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in the use of internal fixation for distal radial fracture in the United States medicare population.

BACKGROUND Distal radial fractures affect an estimated 80,000 elderly Americans each year. Although the use of internal fixation for the treatment of distal radial fractures is becoming increasingly common, there have been no population-based studies to explore the dissemination of this technique. The aims of our study were to determine the current use of internal fixation for the treatment of distal radial fractures in the Medicare population and to examine regional variations and other factors that influence use of this treatment. We hypothesized that internal fixation of distal radial fractures would be used less commonly in male and black populations compared with other populations because the prevalence of osteoporosis is lower in these populations, and that use of internal fixation would be correlated with the percentage of the patients who were treated by a hand surgeon in a particular region. METHODS We performed an analysis of complete 2007 Medicare data to determine the percentage of distal radial fractures that were treated with internal fixation in each hospital referral region. We then analyzed the association of patient and physician factors with the type of fracture treatment received, both nationally and within each hospital referral region. RESULTS We identified 85,924 Medicare beneficiaries with a closed distal radial fracture who met the inclusion criteria, and 17.0% of these patients were treated with internal fixation. Fractures were significantly less likely to be treated with internal fixation in men than in women (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.89) and in black patients than in white patients (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.85). Patients were more likely to be treated with internal fixation rather than with another treatment if they were treated by a hand surgeon than if they were treated by an orthopaedic surgeon who was not a hand surgeon (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 2.29 to 2.70). Use of internal fixation ranged from 4.6% to 42.1% (nearly a ten-fold difference) among hospital referral regions. The percentage of patients treated with internal fixation within a hospital referral region was positively correlated with the percentage of patients in that region who were treated by a hand surgeon (correlation coefficient, 0.34; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The use of internal fixation for the treatment of a distal radial fracture differs widely among geographical regions and patient populations. Such variations highlight the need for improved comparative-effectiveness data to guide the treatment of this fracture.
Implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 Packet Analyzer

— A packet analyzer is a tool for debugging sensor network systems and is convenient for developers. In this paper, we introduce a new packet analyzer based on an embedded system. The proposed packet analyzer is compatible with IEEE 802.15. 4, which is suitable for the wireless communication standard for sensor networks, and is available for remote control by adopting a server-client scheme based on the Ethernet interface. To confirm the operations of the packet analyzer, we have developed two types of sensor nodes based on PIC4620 and ATmega128L microprocessors and tested the functions of the proposed packet analyzer by obtaining the packets from the sensor nodes.
Alternative discriminating function for determining hormone dependency of breast cancer.

It is common practice to consider performing hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy combined with oophorectomy on women suffering from metastatic breast cancer. Satisfactory, albeit temporary, improvement can be expected in only about one half of those operated on, so that it would be advantageous if it were possible to predict whether a useful response could be anticipated. Accurate prediction would prevent patients being subjected to a major operation from which no benefit could be expected. By studying the urinary steroid metabolites of a number of these patients before one or other of these operations were per formed, and relating the results obtained to the clinical response after operation, Bulbrook, Greenwood, and Hayward (1960) were able to derive a function which discriminated between the responsive and non-responsive groups. This discriminant function was calculated as 80-80 (17-OHCS (mg./24 hours)) + aetiocholanolone (/xg./24 hours). 17-OHCS (17-hydroxy corticosteroids or total 17-oxogenic steroids) were measured by the method of Appleby, Gibson, Norymberski, and Stubbs (1955), and aetiocholanolone (3a-hydroxy-5/? -androstan-17-one) by the method of Kellie and Wade (1957). A positive numerical result was obtained in the responsive patients and a negative result in the non-responsive group. When this function was determined in a series of normal women and women suffering from non-metastatic breast cancer it was shown that, whereas it was unusual to find a negative discriminant In normal women under 65, over half of the early breast cancer cases gave negative discriminants (Bul brook, Hayward, Spicer, and Thomas, 1962b). The British Medical Journal (1965) recognized the possible clinical significance of this discriminant function even though its physiological meaning was unknown. There has been little published by other laboratories in evaluation of this work, and this apparent lack of interest may be due to the technical difficulties of estimating urinary aetio cholanolone and to the amount of working time needed to do so.
Pressure-Mediated Hypertrophy and Mechanical Stretch Induces IL-1 Release and Subsequent IGF-1 Generation to Maintain Compensative Hypertrophy by Affecting Akt and JNK Pathways

Rationale: It has been reported that interleukin (IL)-1 is associated with pathological cardiac remodeling and LV dilatation, whereas IL-1&bgr; has also been shown to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, the role of IL-1 in the heart remains to be determined. Objective: We studied the role of hypertrophy signal-mediated IL-1&bgr;/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 production in regulating the progression from compensative pressure-mediated hypertrophy to heart failure. Methods and Results: Pressure overload was performed by aortic banding in IL-1&bgr;–deficient mice. Primarily cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiac myocytes (CMs) were exposed to cyclic stretch. Heart weight, myocyte size, and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower in IL-1&bgr;–deficient mice (20%, 23% and 27%, respectively) than in the wild type 30 days after aortic banding, whereas interstitial fibrosis was markedly augmented. DNA microarray analysis revealed that IGF-1 mRNA level was markedly (≈50%) decreased in the IL-1&bgr;–deficient hypertrophied heart. Stretch of CFs, rather than CMs, abundantly induced the generation of IL-1&bgr; and IGF-1, whereas such IGF-1 induction was markedly decreased in IL-1&bgr;–deficient CFs. IL-1&bgr; released by stretch is at a low level unable to induce IL-6 but sufficient to stimulate IGF-1 production. Promoter analysis showed that stretch-mediated IL-1&bgr; activates JAK/STAT to transcriptionally regulate the IGF-1 gene. IL-1&bgr; deficiency markedly increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-3 activities and enhanced myocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, whereas replacement of IGF-1 or JNK inhibitor restored them. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that pressure-mediated hypertrophy and mechanical stretch generates a subinflammatory low level of IL-1&bgr;, which constitutively causes IGF-1 production to maintain adaptable compensation hypertrophy and inhibit interstitial fibrosis.
Young and Older Adults' Reading of Distracters

Eye-tracking technology was employed to examine young and older adults' performance in the reading with distraction paradigm. Distracters of 1, 2, and 4 words that formed meaningful phrases were used. There were marked age differences in fixation patterns. Young adults' fixations to the distracters and targets increased with distracter length. This suggests that they were attempting to integrate the distracters with the sentence and had more and more difficulty doing so as the distracters increased in length. Young adults did have better comprehension of the sentences than older adults, and they also had better recognition memory for target words and distracters.
Solute Carrier 11 Cation Symport Requires Distinct Residues in Transmembrane Helices 1 and 6*

Ubiquitous solute carriers 11 (SLC11) contribute to metal-ion homeostasis by importing Me2+ and H+ into the cytoplasm. To identify residues mediating cation symport, Escherichia coli proton-dependent manganese transporter (MntH) was mutated at five SLC11-specific transmembrane (TM) sites; each mutant activity was compared with wild-type MntH, and the biochemical results were tested by homology threading. Cd2+ and H+ uptake kinetics were analyzed in whole cells as a function of pH and temperature, and right-side out membrane vesicles were used to detail energy requirements and to probe site accessibility by Cys replacement and thiol modification. This approach revealed that TM segment 1 (TMS1) residue Asp34 couples H+ and Me2+ symport and contributes to MntH forward transport electrogenicity, whereas the TMS6 His211 residue mediates pH-dependent Me2+ uptake; MntH Asn37, Asn250, and Asn401 in TMS1, TMS7, and TMS11 participate in transporter cycling and/or helix packing interactions. These biochemical results fit the LeuT/SLC6 structural fold, which suggests that conserved peptide motifs Asp34-Pro-Gly (TMS1) and Met-Pro-His211 (TMS6) form antiparallel “TM helix/extended peptide” boundaries, lining a “pore” cavity and enabling H+-dependent Me2+ import.
A Neural Network Architecture for Detecting Grammatical Errors in Statistical Machine Translation

Abstract In this paper we present a Neural Network (NN) architecture for detecting grammatical errors in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) using monolingual morpho-syntactic word representations in combination with surface and syntactic context windows. We test our approach on two language pairs and two tasks, namely detecting grammatical errors and predicting overall post-editing effort. Our results show that this approach is not only able to accurately detect grammatical errors but it also performs well as a quality estimation system for predicting overall post-editing effort, which is characterised by all types of MT errors. Furthermore, we show that this approach is portable to other languages.
Paracetamol anaphylaxis

RK. cil looil allcry). Si Johns: Nulriliun Kcsciuvh l\luc:ilion l\niiKlation. l')S7:. n,l S7, 6 MiskelK I d . Burr M I . Vaughan-Williams H ei al. Infant feeding and allergy Arch Dis Child I9SS; 63:3SS 9.V 7 Haltcwig G. Kjellman B. Sigurs N, Bjorksten B. Kjellman N-IM. The died of maternal avoidance ofeggs. cow's milk and fisli during ladation upon allergic manifestations in infants, Chn E\p Allergy i9S9: 19:27 32, S Magnusson CGM. Cord serum IgE m relation lo family history and as predictor of atopic disease in early infancy. Allergy 19SS; 43:241 51. 9 Zdger RS. Heller S. Mellon M ei aL Effect of combined maternal and infant food-allergen avoidance on development of atopy in early infancy: a randomized sludy, J Allergy Ciin Immunol I9H9; 84:72-89. 10 Canlani A. Management of infants with cow's milk allergy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 1991; 13:195-8. 11 Arshad SH, Matthews S, Ganl C. Hide DW. EfTect of allergen avoidance on development of allergic disorders in infancy. Lancet 1992; 339:1493-7. 12 Canlani A, Businco L. Prevention of alopic disease in al risk newborns. Allergie Immunol 1991; 23:387-90. 13 Kajosaari M. Saarinen UM. Prophylaxis of atopic disease by six months total solid food elimination. Acta Paediatr Scand 1983; 72:411-14. 14 Fergusson DM, Horwood J. Shannon FT. Early solid feeding and recurrent childhood eczema: a 10-year longitudinal Sludy. Pediatrics 1990; 86:541-6, 15 Cantani A. Long-term morbidity of infantile eczema. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sd 1990; 12:367-9.
SEPIC converter with continuous output current and intrinsic voltage doubler characteristic

A novel single switch two diodes wide conversion ratio step down/up converter is presented. The proposed converter is derived from the conventional single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) topology and it can operate into a capacitor-diode voltage multiplier, which offers simple structure, reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI), and reduced semiconductors voltage stress. The main advantages of the proposed converter are the continuous output current, higher voltage conversion ratio, and near zero input/output current ripples compared with the conventional SEPIC converter. The principle of operation and comparison with the conventional SEPIC converter are presented. The performance of the proposed converter is verified through computer-aided simulations and experimental results.
The stigma of childhood mental disorders: a conceptual framework.

OBJECTIVE To describe the state of the literature on stigma associated with children's mental disorders and highlight gaps in empirical work. METHOD We reviewed child mental illness stigma articles in (English only) peer-reviewed journals available through Medline and PsychInfo. We augmented these with adult-oriented stigma articles that focus on theory and measurement. A total of 145 articles in PsychInfo and 77 articles in MEDLINE met search criteria. The review process involved identifying and appraising literature convergence on the definition of critical dimensions of stigma, antecedents, and outcomes reported in empirical studies. RESULTS We found concurrence on three dimensions of stigma (negative stereotypes, devaluation, and discrimination), two contexts of stigma (self, general public), and two targets of stigma (self/individual, family). Theory and empirics on institutional and self-stigma in child populations were sparse. Literature reports few theoretic frameworks and conceptualizations of child mental illness stigma. One model of help seeking (the FINIS) explicitly acknowledges the role of stigma in children's access and use of mental health services. CONCLUSIONS Compared with adults, children are subject to unique stigmatizing contexts that have not been adequately studied. The field needs conceptual frameworks that get closer to stigma experiences that are causally linked to how parents/caregivers cope with children's emotional and behavioral problems, such as seeking professional help. To further research in child mental illness, we suggest an approach to adapting current theoretical frameworks and operationalizing stigma, highlighting three dimensions of stigma, three contexts of stigma (including institutions), and three targets of stigma (self/child, family, and services).
Validation of an ELISA for urinary dopamine: applications in monitoring treatment of dopamine‐related disorders

Dopamine is a catecholamine that serves as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. Non‐invasive, reliable, and high‐throughput techniques for its quantification are needed to assess dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system and monitor therapies. We developed and validated a competitive ELISA for direct determination of dopamine in urine samples. The method provides high specificity, good accuracy, and precision (average inter‐assay variation < 12%). The analysis is not affected by general urinary components and structurally related drugs and metabolites. The correlation between ELISA and LC‐MS/MS analyses was very good (r = 0.986, n = 28). The reference range was 64–261 μg/g Cr (n = 64). Week‐to‐week biological variations of second morning urinary dopamine under free‐living conditions were 23.9% for within‐ and 35.5% for between‐subject variation (n = 10). The assay is applied in monitoring Parkinson's disease patients under different treatments. Urinary dopamine levels significantly increase in a dose‐dependent manner for Parkinson's disease patients under l‐DOPA treatment. The present ELISA provides a cost‐effective alternative to chromatographic methods to monitor patients receiving dopamine restoring treatment to ensure appropriate dosing and clinical efficacy. The method can be used in pathological research for the assessment of possible peripheral biological markers for disorders related to the dopaminergic system.
Management of pelvic ring fracture patients with a pelvic “blush” on early computed tomography

BACKGROUND The sliding computed tomographic (CT) scanner in our trauma resuscitation room can be used early in the assessment of pelvic ring fracture patients. We determined the association between the presence of a pelvic blush on CT scan and the need for pelvic hemorrhage control (PHC). We hypothesized that many pelvic blushes found early in the resuscitation phase can be safely managed without intervention. METHODS Contrast-enhanced CT scans of pelvic ring fracture (pelvic ring disruption) patients admitted from January 1, 2004, to June 31, 2012, were reviewed for the presence of a pelvic blush. PHC was defined as requiring a surgical or radiologic intervention for pelvic bleeding. A subanalysis was performed in “isolated” pelvic fracture/ blush patients (absence of a major nonpelvic bleeding source). RESULTS Overall, 68 (42%) of 162 pelvic ring fracture patients and 53 (40%) of 134 isolated pelvic fracture patients had a pelvic blush. Of those 32 (47%) and 27 (51%) patients, respectively, required PHC. In the absence of a pelvic blush, 87 (93%) of 94 of all and 77 (95%) of 81 of isolated pelvic fracture patients did not require PHC. Of all patients with a pelvic blush and of isolated pelvic blush, those with PHC had a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05), base deficit (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01), as well as 24-hour and any packed red blood cells requirement (p <0.001 and p = 0.05; p <0.001 and p = 0.02). In isolated pelvic blush patients, there was a trend toward a higher hospital and hemorrhage-related mortality in patients with PHC (p = 0.06 and p = 0.06). CONCLUSION In pelvic ring fracture patients, a pelvic blush on early contrast-enhanced CT is a frequent finding. Many patients with (particularly isolated) pelvic blushes have stable vital signs and can be managed without surgical or radiologic PHC. The need for an intervention for a pelvic blush seems to be determined by the presence of clinical signs of ongoing bleeding. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV. Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.
A Measure of Competition Based on 10-K Filings

In this paper we develop a measure of competition based on management’s disclosures in their 10-K filing and find that firms’ rates of diminishing marginal returns on new and existing investment vary significantly with our measure. We show that these firm-level disclosures are related to existing industry-level measures of disclosure (e.g. Herfindahl index), but capture something distinctly new. In particular, we show that the measure has both across-industry variation and within-industry variation, and each is related to the firm’s future rates of diminishing marginal returns. As such, our measure is a useful complement to existing measures of competition. We present a battery of specification tests designed to explore the boundaries of our measure and how it varies with the definition of industry and the presence of other measures of competition.
Attention to the eyes and fear-recognition deficits in child psychopathy

Summary The ability to recognise fear is impaired in people with damage to the amygdala and, interestingly, in adult psychopathy. Here we confirm that deficits in recognising fear exist in children with psychopathic traits. We show for the first time that, as with patients with amygdala damage, this deficit can be temporarily corrected by simply asking them to focus on the eyes of other people. These data support models of psychopathy that emphasise specific dysfunction of the amygdala and suggest an innovative approach for intervening early in the development of psychopathy.
Baseline Total Metabolic Tumor Volume Measured with Fixed or Different Adaptive Thresholding Methods Equally Predicts Outcome in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma

The purpose of this study was to compare in a large series of peripheral T cell lymphoma, as a model of diffuse disease, the prognostic value of baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) measured on 18F-FDG PET/CT with adaptive thresholding methods with TMTV measured with a fixed 41% SUVmax threshold method. Methods: One hundred six patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma, staged with PET/CT, were enrolled from 5 Lymphoma Study Association centers. In this series, TMTV computed with the 41% SUVmax threshold is a strong predictor of outcome. On a dedicated workstation, we measured the TMTV with 4 adaptive thresholding methods based on characteristic image parameters: Daisne (Da) modified, based on signal-to-background ratio; Nestle (Ns), based on tumor and background intensities; Fit, including a 3-dimensional geometric model based on spatial resolution (Fit); and Black (Bl), based on mean SUVmax. The TMTV values obtained with each adaptive method were compared with those obtained with the 41% SUVmax method. Their respective prognostic impacts on outcome prediction were compared using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results: The median value of TMTV41%, TMTVDa, TMTVNs, TMTVFit, and TMTVBl were, respectively, 231 cm3 (range, 5–3,824), 175 cm3 (range, 8–3,510), 198 cm3 (range, 3–3,934), 175 cm3 (range, 8–3,512), and 333 cm3 (range, 3–5,113). The intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent, from 0.972 to 0.988, for TMTVDa, TMTVFit, and TMTVNs, and less good for TMTVBl (0.856). The mean differences obtained from the Bland–Altman plots were 48.5, 47.2, 19.5, and −253.3 cm3, respectively. Except for Black, there was no significant difference within the methods between the ROC curves (P > 0.4) for progression-free survival and overall survival. Survival curves with the ROC optimal cutoff for each method separated the same groups of low-risk (volume ≤ cutoff) from high-risk patients (volume > cutoff), with similar 2-y progression-free survival (range, 66%–72% vs. 26%–29%; hazard ratio, 3.7–4.1) and 2-y overall survival (79%–83% vs. 50%–53%; hazard ratio, 3.0–3.5). Conclusion: The prognostic value of TMTV remained quite similar whatever the methods, adaptive or 41% SUVmax, supporting its use as a strong prognosticator in lymphoma. However, for implementation of TMTV in clinical trials 1 single method easily applicable in a multicentric PET review must be selected and kept all along the trial.