Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of HBV Infection Among Normal Population and Healthcare Workers in Baghdad

Objective: In this study we verified the epidemiology of HBV infection among normal population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Baghdad by analyzing the prevalence of specific viral markers (anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HBsAg). Method: A total of 797 serum specimens (588-normal population, 209-HCWs) were tested using ELISA technique and positive HBsAg specimens were confirmed by VIDAS technique. Results: In normal population group, the HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc Total were 1.02%, 10.54%, 5.44%, respectively. The HBsAg result was significantly lower (P< 0.05) than previous studies were done in Iraq. Significant correlation (P < 0.05) in prevalence of HBsAg was found between age groups and males had higher positive HBsAg marker than females (P < 0.05). The prevalence of anti-HBs was insignificant (P＞0.05) between age groups but significant importance (P < 0.05) was recorded between both sexes. Highly significant (P＜0.01) was recorded between ages groups regarding to anti-HBc Total marker but insignificantly (P＞0.05) between both sexes were noticed. In HCWs group the HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc Total were 0.96%, 26.7%, 1.44% respectively and the prevalence of HBsAg was significantly less (P < 0.05) than previous studies. The comparison between normal population and HCWs groups showed significant correlation (P < 0.05) related to HBsAg and highly significant correlation (P＜0.01) regarding anti-HBs and anti-HBc Total. The HBsAg and anti-HBs among HCWs was significantly increased (P＜0.05) with advancing ages, whereas no such variation was observed between both sexes. The HBsAg was high among those with poor health education but it was with significantly importance (P< 0.05) among different occupational types as well as among vaccinated, incomplete vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs groups. Additionally, HCWs who had only 1 st , only 2 nd and those who had 3 rd doses showed significant correlation between number of vaccinated individuals and prevalence of anti-HBs. Keywords: Seroprevalence of HBV, HBsAg, anti-HBs, HCWs, normal population Abbreviations: anti-HBs, antibody anti-HBs; anti-HBc, antibody anti-HBc; HBsAg, antigen HBs
Characteristic of Acoustic Signals Generated by Operation of On Load Tap Changers

Possibilities of application of the acoustic method for the on load tab changers diagnosis has been presented in the paper. The analysis of measurement results gathered during research works performed under laboratory conditions has been presented in detail. The registered acoustic signals have been analyzed in time and time‐frequency domains. The time domain analysis has been performed by presentation of time runs and their envelopes determined by use of the Hilbert transform. Evaluation of the time‐frequency components has been performed by use of the short-time Fourier transform, the discrete and the continuous wavelet transforms.
Siiski olid emotsiooni efektid selgelt jälgitavad hilise positiivse komponendi näol (LPP), viidates sellele, et afektiivne tahtmatu tähelepanu ja tahtlik tähelepanu töötavad teineteisest sõltumatult. Võimalik, et emotsioon hakkab mõju avaldama alles siis, kui ülesande sooritamiseks vajamin

It has been shown that emotional stimuli can attract attention away from the task at hand, resulting in slowed reaction times. However, there are still discrepancies regarding the exact conditions and temporal dynamics under which this preferential mechanism operates. To investigate the matter further, an ERP experiment using peripherally presented fearful and neutral faces was conducted. Emotion was kept task irrelevant in all conditions by having participants solve a simple gender discrimination task on faces presented at precued locations. Behavioural results indicated that fearful faces were responded to slower and with decreased accuracy rates. No modulatory effects of emotion on ERPs sensitive to the allocation of spatial attention were found. Nevertheless, strong emotion effects were observed in the form of a late positive component (LPP), suggesting that affective and top-down attention work independently and that emotion only gains precedence after attentional resources are left over from processing task relevant information, prolonging disengagement from emotional faces and thereby affecting response times.
Optical Biosensors Based on Multimode Interference and Microring Resonator Structures: A Personal Perspective

We review our recent works on optical biosensors based on microring resonators (MRR) integrated with 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) couplers for multichannel and highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors. Our proposed sensor structures have advantages of compactness, high sensitivity compared with the reported sensing structures. By using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and numerical simulations, the designs of the sensor based on silicon waveguides are optimized and demonstrated in detail. We applied our structure to detect glucose and ethanol concentrations simultaneously. A high sensitivity of 9000 nm/RIU, detection limit of 2x10-4 for glucose sensing and sensitivity of 6000nm/RIU, detection limit of 1.3x10-5 for ethanol sensing are achieved.
The geographic scope of trade: rm-level evidence on similarities between goods and services.

We investigate numerous predictions regarding the relationship between rms’ productivity and the geographic extensive margins of trade in both goods and services. A unique dataset combining French rms’ production information with countryproduct level information on services and goods imports and exports allows us to examine numerous hypotheses. We show that rms trading in goods and services exhibit an increasing, diminishing-returns relationship between the number of markets with which they trade and total factor productivity (TFP) and sales. For both services and goods, for both importing and exporting, we see that more productive rms are found trading with smaller markets, more remote markets and markets without a common language. This supports the idea of a geographic sorting of rms by rm quality and ease of market access.
the DynAmic effects of Age-relAteD stereotype threAt on explicit AnD implicit memory performAnce in olDer ADults

While an awareness of age-related changes in memory may help older adults gain insight into their own cognitive abilities, it may also have a negative impact on memory performance through a mechanism of stereotype threat (ST). The consequence of ST is under-performance in abilities related to the stereotype. Here, we examined the degree to which explicit and implicit memory were affected by ST across a wide age-range. We found that explicit memory was affected by ST, but only in an Early Aging group (mean age 67.83), and not in a Later Aging group (mean age 84.59). Implicit memory was not affected in either the Early or Later Aging group. These results demonstrate that ST for age-related memory decline affects memory processes requiring controlled retrieval while sparing item encoding. Furthermore, this form of ST appears to dissipate as aging progresses. These results have implications for understanding psychological development across the span of aging.
Breeding season of the South American fur seal(Arctocephalus australis, Otariidae: Carnivora): New data for establishing independent evolutionary histories?

El lobo fino Sudamericano (SAFS) se distribuye desde Peru hasta Uruguay. Sin embargo, existe un area de 2,300 km a lo largo de la costa de Chile donde no se registran ejemplares de SAFS. A partir de comparaciones morfologicas se ha identificado la presencia de 3 formas geograficas (Peruana, Chilena austral y Atlantica), a la vez que estudios moleculares preliminares sugieren la presencia de 3 tipos geneticos distintivos (Peruana, Chilena austral y Atlantico). Sin embargo, ambas aproximaciones apoyan la existencia de 2 historias evolutivas independientes para los SAFS (Peruana, Atlantica), en cuyo caso, se podria esperar encontrar similares diferencias tambien en aspectos de la historias de vida de la especie entre estas poblaciones locales (e.g., en el tiempo de la estacion reproductiva). En este estudio, se comparo la estacion reproductiva de ejemplares del SAFS establecidas en Punta Pichalo (19°36'S-Chile), Isla Guafo (43°33'S-Chile), e Isla de Lobos (35°01'S-Uruguay) con otros datos publicados para Punta San Juan (15°21'S-Peru). El periodo de formacion de los harenes, el periodo de pariciones y el de copulas ocurrieron en fechas semejantes en Punta Pichalo y Punta San Juan y aproximadamente un mes mas tarde en Isla Guafo e Isla de Lobos. El maximo de pariciones se registro en Isla Guafo el 15 de diciembre, en Isla de Lobos el 17 de diciembre, y en Punta Pichalo el 27 de noviembre. Estas diferencias no estuvieron relacionadas con las caracteristicas demograficas, ni con las condiciones oceanograficas o con el fotoperiodo de las colonias bajo estudio, ni tampoco estaria relacionado con el efecto latitudinal sobre la fenologia reproductiva. En base a los resultados, se sugiere que ciertas caracteristicas de las historias de vidas pueden tambien ayudar a identificar especies con historias evolutivas independientes.
Mean bed shear stress estimation in a rough rectangular channel using a hybrid genetic algorithm based on an artificial neural network and genetic programming

The determination of erosion and deposition patterns in channels requires detailed knowledge and estimations of the bed shear stress. In this investigation, the application of a Genetic Algorithm based Artificial (GAA) neural network and genetic programming (GP) for predicting bed shear stress in a rectangular channel with rough boundaries. Several input combinations, fitness functions and transfer functions were investigated to determine the best GAA model. Also the effect of various GP operators on estimating bed shear stress was studied. The comparison between the GAA and GP technique abilities in predicting bed shear stress were investigated. The results revealed that the GAA model performs better in predicting the bed shear stress (RMSE = 0.0774), as compared to the GP model (RMSE = 0.0835).
The Economic Geography of EU Income: Evolution Since the Eighties

This paper evaluates the role that geography plays in determining the spatial distribution of EU income. We argue that geography matters for income disparities among EU regions, providing evidence that the geography of access to markets is statistically significant and quantitatively important in explaining cross-regions variation in EU per capita income. However, we also proved that its explanatory power in the levels of EU per capita income has been decreasing since the eighties. Thus, dynamic income regions have also emerged in the periphery, and need not necessarily be close to rich regions.
Review of animal models used to study effects of bee products on wound healing: findings and applications

Abstract Non-healing wounds are associated with high morbidity and might greatly impact a patient’s well-being and economic status. For many years, scientific research has focused on developing and testing several natural and synthetic materials that enhance the rate of wound healing or eliminate healing complications. Honey has been used for thousands of years as a traditional remedy for many ailments. Recently, honey has reemerged as a promising wound care product especially for infected wounds and for wounds in diabetic patients. In addition to its proposed potent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, honey has been claimed to promote wound healing by reducing wound hyperaemia, oedema, and exudate, and by stimulating angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation and epithelialisation. Several animal models, including large animals, dogs and cats, and different species of laboratory animals have been used to investigate the efficacy and safety of various natural and synthetic agents for wound healing enhancement. Interpreting the results obtained by these studies is, however, rather difficult and usually hampered by many limiting factors including great variation in types and origins of honey, the type of animal species used as models, the type of wounds, the number of animals, the number and type of controls, and variation in treatment protocols. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent findings and applications of published experimental and clinical trials using honey as an agent for wound healing enhancement in different animal models.
Hölder continuity of solutions of second-order non-linear elliptic integro-differential equations

This paper is concerned with the Holder regularity of viscosity solutions of second-order, fully non-linear elliptic integro-differential equations. Our results rely on two key ingredients: first we assume that, at each point of the domain, either the equation is strictly elliptic in the classical fully non-linear sense, or (and this is the most original part of our work) the equation is strictly elliptic in a non-local non-linear sense we make precise. Next we impose some regularity and growth conditions on the equation. These results are concerned with a large class of integro-differential operators whose singular measures depend on x and also a large class of equations, including Bellman-Isaacs Equations.
Coping strategies used by students of the graduate nursing program

Objective: to investigate the main coping strategies used by students who were attending the undergraduate nursing course’s first and last periods at a private university in Natal City/RN. Method: a quantitative research developed from a sample of 153 (71,2%) students who were enrolled in the first period and 62 (28,8%) who were in the last semester. For data collection was used a form for stress detection and stress agents and Lazarus and Folkman form to coping strategies. Data were subjected to absolute and relative frequency calculations. Results: the main used coping strategies were those based on clearance, escape or avoidance to the stressor agent. Conclusion: there is a psychological support needy by the institutional educational, in order to mitigate the graduation stress effects arising from the nursing course. Descriptors: Nursing Students; Stress; Mental Health. RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as principais estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos alunos que estavam cursando o primeiro e último períodos do curso de graduação em enfermagem em uma universidade privada da cidade de Natal/RN. Método: pesquisa quantitativa desenvolvida a partir de uma amostra composta por 153 (71,2%) alunos que estavam cursando o primeiro período e 62 (28,8%) do último semestre. Para coleta das informações utilizou-se um formulário para detecção de estresse e agentes estressores e o formulário de Lazarus e Folkman para estratégias de coping. Os dados foram submetidos a cálculos de frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: as principais estratégias de coping utilizadas foram aquelas que se baseiam no afastamento, fuga ou esquiva, frente ao agente estressor. Conclusão: existe a necessidade de suporte psicológico por parte da instituição de ensino, de modo a amenizar os efeitos do estresse advindo da graduação no curso de Enfermagem. Descritores: Estudantes de Enfermagem; Estresse; Saúde Mental.
An Empirical Study on the Success Factors of Supplier-Distributor Relationships

This study investigates the factors that affect the success of supplier-distributor relationships in the Australian agribusiness industry. While B2B relationships have been researched extensively and across a range of industries, there is little evidence of its application to the agribusiness sector. A preliminary framework of success factors was developed from the extant literature, and investigated through 20 in-depth interviews conducted with 10 agribusinesses from a dyadic perspective. The findings of this research confirmed the initial 11 factors presented in the preliminary framework as being important to the success of supplier-distributor relationships. The research findings also revealed insights into six new factors that were considered to be crucial to the relationship success, which were included in the revised framework for future investigation.
SEGUE 1: AN UNEVOLVED FOSSIL GALAXY FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE

We present Magellan/MIKE and Keck/HIRES high-resolution spectra of six red giant stars in the dwarf galaxy Segue 1. Including one additional Segue 1 star observed by Norris et al., high-resolution spectra have now been obtained for every red giant in Segue 1. Remarkably, three of these seven stars have metallicities below [Fe/H] = −3.5, suggesting that Segue 1 is the least chemically evolved galaxy known. We confirm previous medium-resolution analyses demonstrating that Segue 1 stars span a metallicity range of more than 2 dex, from [Fe/H] = −1.4 to [Fe/H] = −3.8. All of the Segue 1 stars are α-enhanced, with [α/Fe] ∼ 0.5. High α-element abundances are typical for metal-poor stars, but in every previously studied galaxy [α/Fe] declines for more metal-rich stars, which is typically interpreted as iron enrichment from supernova Ia. The absence of this signature in Segue 1 indicates that it was enriched exclusively by massive stars. Other light element abundance ratios in Segue 1, including carbon enhancement in the three most metal-poor stars, closely resemble those of metal-poor halo stars. Finally, we classify the most metal-rich star as a CH star given its large overabundances of carbon and s-process elements. The other six stars show remarkably low neutron-capture element abundances of [Sr/H] < −4.9 and [Ba/H] < −4.2, which are comparable to the lowest levels ever detected in halo stars. This suggests minimal neutron-capture enrichment, perhaps limited to a single r-process or weak s-process synthesizing event. Altogether, the chemical abundances of Segue 1 indicate no substantial chemical evolution, supporting the idea that it may be a surviving first galaxy that experienced only one burst of star formation.
ERI # 2007-01 Estimating the Effectiveness of a Vehicle Miles Traveled Tax In Reducing Particulate Matter ( PM 2 . 5 ) Emissionst

This study estimates the effectiveness of a vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tax in controlling mobile-source emissions of particulate matter (PM2 .S) in a non-attainment area located in northern Utah. Using a recently updated household-level dataset, we find no evidence of an endogenous relationship between choice of vehicle type and VMT. We also estimate VMT elasticities with respect to cost per mile that are in some cases larger in magnitude than those reported in previous studies. Based on vehicle emissions tests performed by the Houston Advanced Research Center, we estimate the reduction in PM2.s emissions that would occur with two different sets of VMT tax rates. Principle findings are that a VMT tax rate of $0.003 per passenger car mile and $0.01 per light-duty truck mile (resulting in a mean annual tax burden of $128 per household in the first year) would reduce annual PM2.s emissions by between 7% and 11 %, depending upon the degree of heterogeneity in household driving behavior. At tax rates of $0.006 and $0.02 per mile for passenger cars and light-duty trucks, respectively (resulting in double the mean annual tax burden), annual PM2.S emissions would be reduced by between 12% and 23%. Both the advantages and limitations of the VMT tax are discussed. JEL Classification:
Episodic and multistaged gravitational instability of cratonic lithosphere and its implications for reactivation of the North China Craton

Archean cratons are the most stable tectonic units and their lithospheric mantle is chemically depleted and buoyant relative to the underlying mantle. The chemical depletion leads to high viscosity that maintains the long‐term stability of cratons. However, the eastern part of the North China Craton (∼1200 km in horizontal length scale) had been extensively reactivated and modified over a time scale of ∼100 Myr in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. While the causes for the weakening of the North China Craton, a necessary condition for its reactivation, are still in debate, we investigate gravitational instability of compositionally buoyant lithosphere, by computing 2‐D thermochemical convection models with different buoyancy number, lithospheric viscosity, and rheology. We find that the gravitational instability of cratonic lithosphere can happen over a larger range of buoyancy numbers with non‐Newtonian rheology, but lithospheric instability with Newtonian rheology only happens with relatively small buoyancy numbers. For cratonic lithosphere with non‐Newtonian rheology and relatively weak temperature‐dependent viscosity, the instability starts in the cold, shallow part of the lithosphere and has small horizontal length scale (<300 km), leading to efficient thermal and chemical mixing with the underlying mantle. For cratonic lithosphere such as the eastern North China Craton, the instability process is episodic and consists of multiple instability events that may last for ∼100 Myr. The instability process revealed from our study explains the observations of episodic magmatism/volcanism events, geochemical mixing, and time scales associated with the reactivation of the North China Craton.
Entry dynamics and acoustics/infrasonic/seismic analysis for the Neuschwanstein meteorite fall

Abstract— We have analyzed several types of data associated with the well‐documented fall of the Neuschwanstein meteorites on April 6, 2002 (a total of three meteorites have been recovered). This includes ground‐based photographic and radiometer data as well as infrasound and seismic data from this very significant bolide event (Spurný et al. 2002, 2003). We have also used these data to model the entry of Neuschwanstein, including the expected dynamics, energetics, panchromatic luminosity, and associated fragmentation effects. In addition, we have calculated the differential efficiency of acoustical waves for Neuschwanstein and used these values to compare against the efficiency calculated using available ground‐based infrasound data. This new numerical technique has allowed the source height to be determined independent of ray tracing solutions. We have also carried out theoretical ray tracing for a moving point source (not strictly a cylindrical line emission) and for an infinite speed line source. In addition, we have determined the ray turning heights as a function of the source height for both initially upward and downward propagating rays, independent of the explicit ray tracing (detailed propagation path) programs. These results all agree on the origins of the acoustic emission and explicit source heights for Neuschwanstein for the strongest infrasonic signals. Calculated source energies using more than four different independent approaches agree that Neuschwanstein was certainly <500 kg in initial mass, given the initial velocity of 20.95 km/s, resulting in an initial source energy ≤0.0157‐0.0276 kt TNT equivalent (4.185 times 1012 J). Local source energies at the calculated infrasonic/seismic source altitudes are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than this initial source energy.