Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude des ondes de gravité dans l’atmosphère au moyen de ballons et de simulations

L’objectif de cette these est d’obtenir une meilleure connaissance des ondes de gravite atmospheriques, de leurs sources et caracteristiques, et de leur propagation au moyen d’observations ballons et de simulations. Les ballons pressurises (SPBs) utilises dans cette these sont une des meilleures plateformes d’observations des ondes de gravite, et permettent d’obtenir l’ensemble de leurs caracteristiques. Les modeles a haute resolution donnent une description complete de l’ecoulement, non seulement des ondes, mais aussi de leurs sources. Nous avons combine mesures par SPBs et modelisation pour decrire les ondes de gravite et evaluer le realisme des champs d’ondes de gravite dans des sorties de modeles. En s’appuyant sur les observations de PreConcordiasi (2010), les ondes de gravite convectives sont decrites aux Tropiques sur l’ensemble de la campagne, ainsi que sur un cas de cyclone tropical en developpement. Dans un deuxieme temps, les observations de la campagne Concordiasi (2010) nous permettent de quantifier le realisme du champ d’onde de gravite resolu aux hautes latitudes (hemisphere sud) decrit dans les analyses de l’ECMWF. Un bon accord geographique et saisonnier est observe pour les flux de quantite de mouvement et l’intermittence. Cependant, il est montre que la magnitude des flux est sous-estimee dans les analyses de l’ECMWF. Enfin, une contribution aux campagnes operationnelles ballons est apportee, en se focalisant sur les ballons stratospheriques ouverts qui sont le plus grand defi pour le CNES. Pour des cas d’etude lors de la campagne Strapolete (2009), nous montrons que l’incertitude sur la position de retombee des ballons peut etre reduite dans une configuration simple en assimilant des observations par radiosondages.
Development of the vagal innervation of the gut: steering the wandering nerve

Background The vagus nerve is the major neural connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. During fetal development, axons from the cell bodies of the nodose ganglia and the dorsal motor nucleus grow into the gut to find their enteric targets, providing the vagal sensory and motor innervations respectively. Vagal sensory and motor axons innervate selective targets, suggesting a role for guidance cues in the establishment of the normal pattern of enteric vagal innervation.
Rapid Cold Hardening Capacity and Its Impact on Performance of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), is one of the most important pests of wheat and barley in most wheat-producing countries. Rapid cold hardiness (RCH) is a capacity of insects to develop, within hours, protection against subfreezing temperatures that plays an important role in aphid survival in response to sudden decreases in air temperature. In this research, we investigated the duration and rate of cooling on the induction of RCH of D. noxia and the costs of RCH on aphid development and fecundity. By transferring aphids directly from 20 °C to a range of subzero temperatures for 2 h, the lower lethal temperature for 80% mortality (LT80) was determined to be -11.9 °C. Preconditioning the aphids at 0 °C for 1–3 h prior to exposure at (LT80) (-11.9 °C) resulted in a sharp increase in survival, with little change with longer durations of preconditioning. The slowest cooling rate (0.05 °C/min) increased survival fourfold, whereas rates from 0.1 to 1 °C/min increased survival twofold compared with a direct transfer to 0 °C, regardless of aphid stage used. Deleterious effects of RCH were not observed on aphid development, longevity, or fecundity. The present study indicates that RCH is induced in D. noxia in just a few hours in response to sudden lowering of temperatures to freezing, with little or no cost in reproductive capacity.
Breast cancer incidence and time trend in France from 1990 to 2007: a population-based study from two French cancer registries.

BACKGROUND The hypothesis of a link between breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is evoked to explain the recent decrease of incidence observed in several countries. The purpose of our study is to analyse the evolution of breast cancer incidence by stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data from Tarn and Isère French cancer registries for the period 1990-2007. Trends of annual world population standardised incidence rates were studied using the Joinpoint method. RESULTS From 1990 to 1999, the incidence of invasive breast cancer increased annually by 1.2%, then by 4.8% from 1999 till 2003 and then decreased by 1.7%. For the women aged 50-74 years, annual changes were, respectively, 1.5%, 6.0% and 3.4%. In this group, the incidence of T1/T2-N0-M0 stages increased annually by 4.6% until 2003 and then decreased by 2.2%. Since 1990, the incidence of in situ breast cancer increased annually by 5%. From 2003 to 2004, prescribing of HRT decreased substantially. CONCLUSIONS : Since 2003, the incidence of invasive breast cancer decreased for women aged 50-74 years, mainly involving T1/T2-N0-M0 stages. The reduction in HRT prescription may partly explain this decrease. The incidence of in situ breast cancer didn't decrease during the whole period.
Regulation of Clock and NPAS2 DNA Binding by the Redox State of NAD Cofactors

Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 are heterodimeric transcription factors that control gene expression as a function of the light-dark cycle. Although built to fluctuate at or near a 24-hour cycle, the clock can be entrained by light, activity, or food. Here we show that the DNA-binding activity of the Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimers is regulated by the redox state of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cofactors in a purified system. The reduced forms of the redox cofactors, NAD(H) and NADP(H), strongly enhance DNA binding of the Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimers, whereas the oxidized forms inhibit. These observations raise the possibility that food, neuronal activity, or both may entrain the circadian clock by direct modulation of cellular redox state.
Neonaticide in India and the stigma of female gender: report of two cases

Abstract Neonaticide is known to occur across the globe in both developed and developing countries, but has rarely been reported from India. Two similar cases of female neonaticide are presented which were committed by their mothers while in the maternity ward. The social issues and maternal provocation highlighted in this report are different from those reported in world reviews of neonaticide.
Separating phonological and semantic processing in auditory sentence processing: A high‐resolution event‐related brain potential study

Phonological and semantic processing was studied using high‐resolution event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) during a sentence‐matching task to investigate the spatial distribution of the phonological mismatch negativity (PMN) and the N400 response. It was hypothesized that the two components were spatially separable and that the activity matched prior localization knowledge. Participants examined visual–auditory sentence pairs that related within a semantic hierarchy (e.g., visual: “The man is teaching in the classroom”; Auditory: “The man is in the…school/barn”). Semantic congruency was varied for the final words of the spoken sentences. Incongruent words mismatched expectation in terms of both the initial phonological features (unexpected sound) and semantic features (unexpected meaning). In addition, the category–exemplar probability of the final words was either high or low, with low probability words being more difficult to anticipate. Low probability words were predicted to selectively affect PMN activity. We found that incongruent words elicited a PMN (287 msec) and a N400 (424 msec), for both the high and low probability words. As expected, low probability congruent words elicited a small PMN but no N400. In contrast, high probability congruent words elicited neither a detectible PMN nor a N400. The primary PMN sources were in left inferior frontal and inferior parietal lobes. The primary N400 source activation occurred along the left perisylvian cortex, consistent with prior N400 source localization work. From these results, it was concluded that the PMN and N400 were localized to separate cortical language (and memory) regions and had different source activation patterns. Hum. Brain Mapping 22:42–53, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptation by older individuals repeatedly exposed to 0.45 parts per million ozone for two hours.

To test for an increased reaction to ozone (O3) in older individuals following an initial exposure, and to test for adaptation and its duration, we exposed 10 men and 6 women (60-89 years old) in an environmental chamber to filtered air and 3 consecutive days of O3 exposure (0.45 ppm), followed by a fourth O3 exposure day after a two day hiatus. Subjects alternated 20-min exercise (minute ventilation = 27 L) and rest periods for 2 hours during each exposure. Subjects rated from one to five, 16 possible respiratory/exercise symptoms prior to and following the exposure. Pulmonary function tests were performed before, and during each rest period and following the exposure. Metabolic measurements were obtained during each exercise period. No significant changes in any symptom question occurred, in spite of a threefold increase in the total number of reported symptoms during O3 exposure. Small but significant pre-to-post decrements on the first and second O3 days in forced vital capacity (FVC-111 and 104 mL), forced expiratory volume in 1 (FEV1-171 and 164 mL) and 3 seconds (FEV3-185 and 172 mL) occurred without concomitant changes in any flow parameter of the forced expiratory maneuver. No differences in the group mean response in FVC, FEV1 or FEV3 on the third or fourth day of O3 exposure and the filtered air exposure were found. The observed changes were due to significant physiological changes in eight of the subjects. Unlike young subjects, no evidence of an increased pulmonary function response to a second consecutive O3 exposure was observed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pathogenic Potential of Canine Parvovirus Types 2a and 2c in Domestic Cats

ABSTRACT The in vivo pathogenicity of canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2c (strain V203) and of CPV type 2a (strain V154) against cats was investigated. Our results indicate that both types of CPV have the potential to induce disease in cats.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1/CC Chemokine Ligand 2 Controls Microtubule-Driven Biogenesis and Leukotriene B4-Synthesizing Function of Macrophage Lipid Bodies Elicited by Innate Immune Response1

Lipid bodies (also known as lipid droplets) are emerging as inflammatory organelles with roles in the innate immune response to infections and inflammatory processes. In this study, we identified MCP-1 as a key endogenous mediator of lipid body biogenesis in infection-driven inflammatory disorders and we described the cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the ability of MCP-1 to regulate the biogenesis and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthetic function of lipid bodies. In vivo assays in MCP-1−/− mice revealed that endogenous MCP-1 produced during polymicrobial infection or LPS-driven inflammatory responses has a critical role on the activation of lipid body-assembling machinery, as well as on empowering enzymatically these newly formed lipid bodies with LTB4 synthetic function within macrophages. MCP-1 triggered directly the rapid biogenesis of distinctive LTB4-synthesizing lipid bodies via CCR2-driven ERK- and PI3K-dependent intracellular signaling in in vitro-stimulated macrophages. Disturbance of microtubule organization by microtubule-active drugs demonstrated that MCP-1-induced lipid body biogenesis also signals through a pathway dependent on microtubular dynamics. Besides biogenic process, microtubules control LTB4-synthesizing function of MCP-1-elicited lipid bodies, in part by regulating the compartmentalization of key proteins, as adipose differentiation-related protein and 5-lipoxygenase. Therefore, infection-elicited MCP-1, besides its known CCR2-driven chemotactic function, appears as a key activator of lipid body biogenic and functional machineries, signaling through a microtubule-dependent manner.
Functional repertoire of dendritic cells generated in granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor and interferon‐α

Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) generated in granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor GM‐CSF) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4–DCs) are used to enhance antitumor immunity in cancer patients, although recent evidence suggests that their functional repertoire may be incomplete; in particular, IL‐4–DCs appear unable to induce type 2 cytokine‐producing T helper (Th) cells. To assess whether type 1 interferon (IFN) could replace IL‐4 and generate DCs with a more complete repertoire, we characterized in detail DCs generated from human monocytes cultured with GM‐CSF and IFN‐α (IFN–DCs). We found that IFN‐α induces DC differentiation more efficiently than IL‐4, yielding similar numbers of DCs in a shorter time and that this differentiation persists upon removal of cytokines. Although IFN–DCs had a more mature immunophenotype than IL‐4–DCs, showing higher expression of CD80, CD86, and CD83, they still preserved comparable endocytic and phagocytic capacities and responsiveness to maturation stimuli. IFN–DCs had strong antigen‐presenting capacity, inducing intense proliferation of T cells to alloantigens or influenza virus. Moreover, IFN–DCs produced lower levels of IL‐12p70 and higher levels of IFN‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐10 than IL‐4–DCs. As a consequence of this different pattern of cytokine secretion, IFN–DCs induced T cells to produce type 1 (IFN‐γ) and type 2 (IL‐4 and IL‐10) cytokines, and as expected, IL‐4–DCs induced only Th1 differentiation. As immune responses with extreme Th1 bias are considered inadequate for the induction of optimal, systemic antitumor immunity, the ability of IFN–DCs to promote more balanced cytokine responses may suggest the advisability to consider these cells in the development of future, DC‐based immunotherapy trials.
Correlations of flow velocity changes during mental activity and recovery from aphasia in ischemic stroke

Mean flow velocity in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) during a rest period and during execution of a word-fluency task were measured by means of bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in 26 stroke patients with Broca's aphasia and in 25 healthy controls. Changes in flow velocity were calculated as percentage of increase from rest to mental activity. In patients, the evaluation was made within 21 days from onset of symptoms and after 2 months of speech therapy, when they were classified into two groups on the basis of extent of recovery from aphasia: absent or slight recovery(group 1, 10 patients) and good recovery (group 2, 16 patients). During the word-fluency task in the first evaluation, the increase in flow velocity in the left MCA was similar in controls and in group 2 patients. In both groups the increase was higher than in group 1 patients (p < 0.0001). Changes in mean flow velocity on the right side were slight and comparable in the three groups of study subjects. After speech therapy, group 1 patients showed a hemodynamic pattern on both sides similar to that observed in the first examination. In group 2 patients, comparison between values of the first and second evaluations showed that the increase of flow velocity in the left MCA was similar. On the right side, the increase was higher in the second than in the first examination (p < 0.01). These data further support the involvement of cerebral areas contralateral to the lesion in functional recovery after stroke. Moreover, the presence of an activation of areas in the lesioned hemisphere, soon after stroke onset, seems to be a predictor of recovery from aphasia.
Microbiological quality of white‐brined cheeses: a review

White-brined cheeses are widely produced in the North-east Mediterranean area and the Balkans. Traditionally, they were manufactured as artisanal cheeses, and nowadays they are manufactured on an industrial scale, and rigorous control of the production and maturation processes is essential. Aspects of the microbiology of white-brined cheeses and their significance with respect to the quality and safety of the final products are discussed in this review.
Cateteres venosos centrais totalmente implantáveis para quimioterapia: experiência com 793 pacientes

OBJETIVO: estudar retrospectivamente os resultados obtidos com a implantacao de cateteres totalmente implantaveis em pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia. METODOS: foram colocados 815 cateteres totalmente implantaveis em 793 pacientes submetidos ao regime de quimioterapia preferencialmente utilizando-se a veia cefalica direita. Foram avaliadas as complicacoes precoces e tardias. RESULTADOS: a analise retrospectiva mostrou duracao media dos cateteres de 339 dias. Em 733 (90%) cateteres nao se observou nenhuma complicacao. Entre as complicacoes precoces observamos um pneumotorax, um mau posicionamento de cateter, uma puncao arterial, um sangramento, um hemotorax e hemomediastino e seis hematomas na loja de implantacao. Entre as complicacoes tardias, ocorreram 35 infeccoes relacionadas ao cateter, dez infeccoes no sitio cirurgico, seis obstrucoes e 20 tromboses. Foram retirados 236 cateteres, 35 devido as complicacoes e 201 por final de tratamento. CONCLUSAO: os cateteres totalmente implantaveis para quimioterapia sao meios seguros para a administracao de substâncias, em vista do baixo numero de complicacoes observadas neste estudo.
ITCH E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Interacts with Ebola Virus VP40 To Regulate Budding

ABSTRACT Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) belong to the Filoviridae family and can cause outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever, with high mortality rates in humans. The EBOV VP40 (eVP40) and MARV VP40 (mVP40) matrix proteins play a central role in virion assembly and egress, such that independent expression of VP40 leads to the production and egress of virus-like particles (VLPs) that accurately mimic the budding of infectious virus. Late (L) budding domains of eVP40 recruit host proteins (e.g., Tsg101, Nedd4, and Alix) that are important for efficient virus egress and spread. For example, the PPxY-type L domain of eVP40 and mVP40 recruits the host Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase via its WW domains to facilitate budding. Here we sought to identify additional WW domain host interactors and demonstrate that the PPxY L domain motif of eVP40 interacts specifically with the WW domain of the host E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. ITCH, like Nedd4, is a member of the HECT class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, and the resultant physical and functional interaction with eVP40 facilitates VLP and virus budding. Identification of this novel eVP40 interactor highlights the functional interplay between cellular E3 ligases, ubiquitination, and regulation of VP40-mediated egress. IMPORTANCE The unprecedented magnitude and scope of the recent 2014-2015 EBOV outbreak in West Africa and its emergence here in the United States and other countries underscore the critical need for a better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. We have identified a novel and functional EBOV VP40 interactor, ITCH, that regulates VP40-mediated egress. This virus-host interaction may represent a new target for our previously identified small-molecule inhibitors of virus egress.
Results of late surgical intervention in children with early-onset bilateral cataracts

Background Cataracts are a major cause of childhood blindness globally. Although surgically treatable, it is unclear whether children would benefit from such interventions beyond the first few years of life, which are believed to constitute ‘critical’ periods for visual development. Aims To study visual acuity outcomes after late treatment of early-onset cataracts and also to determine whether there are longitudinal changes in postoperative acuity. Methods We identified 53 children with dense cataracts with an onset within the first half-year after birth through a survey of over 20 000 rural children in India. All had accompanying nystagmus and were older than 8 years of age at the time of treatment. They underwent bilateral cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. We then assessed their best-corrected visual acuity 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Results 48 children from the pool of 53 showed improvement in their visual acuity after surgery. Our longitudinal assessments demonstrated further improvements in visual acuity for the majority of these children proceeding from the 6-week to 6-month assessment. Interestingly, older children in our subject pool did not differ significantly from the younger ones in the extent of improvement they exhibit. Conclusions and relevance Our results demonstrate that not only can significant vision be acquired until late in childhood, but that neural processes underlying even basic aspects of vision like resolution acuity remain malleable until at least adolescence. These data argue for the provision of cataract treatment to all children, irrespective of their age.
Evaluation of relationship between breast cancer and migraine

Background: Frequency of migraine changes at different times of a woman′s reproductive cycle because of fluctuation of estrogen levels. Breast cancer has also a link with hormonal changes. Given this fact that both migraine and breast cancer are affected by estrogen, the prevalence of migraine may be different in breast cancer patients compared to the normal population. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, two groups of women with and without breast cancer were compared regarding the prevalence of migraine. Each group consisted of 400 women. The diagnosis of different types of headache was made based on The International Headache Society (IHS) guidelines. Type of headache, type and receptor status of breast cancer, as well as history of taking hormonal medications was recorded. Independent t-test and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: Relative frequency of migraine headache in the normal woman was 38% compared to 19% in the breast cancer group (P < 0.0001). Tension headache was also significantly more prevalent in the normal group (P < 0.001). The frequency of migraine was significantly lower in estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)− women compared to ER−/PR+ (26 and 43 women, respectively; P = 0.04); however, this difference was not significant for tension headache (P = 0.68). Conclusion: This study confirmed the lower frequency of migraine, as well as tension headache, in breast cancer sufferers. This could be contributed to several non-hormonal factors, such as a history of long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and hormonal factors, although only migraine showed a strong link with hormone status.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Ferrous Iron Transporter FeoB1 Influences Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis FeoB1 is a ferrous iron transporter. Analysis of parental and feoB1-deficient strains of the periodontal pathogen revealed that the feoB1-deficient mutant strain had an increased ability to survive oxidative stress. Specifically, survival of the mutant strain was increased 33% with exposure to peroxide and 5% with exposure to atmospheric oxygen compared to the parental strain. Interestingly, the ability to survive intracellularly also increased fivefold in the case of the feoB1-deficient mutant. Our data suggest that although the FeoB1 protein is required for ferrous iron acquisition in P. gingivalis, it also has an adverse effect on survival of the bacterium under oxidative stress conditions. Finally, we show that feoB1 expression is not iron dependent and is dramatically reduced in the presence of host cells, consistent with the observed deleterious role it plays in bacterial survival.