Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of thoracic duct lymphocytes of mice. II. A quantitative comparison of the capacity of thoracic duct lymphocytes and other lymphoid cells to induce graft-versus-host reactions.

The activity of spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, femoral lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, blood and thoracic duct lymphoid cells from Balb/c mice in producing graft- vs -host reactions when grafted to newborn C57BL/6 recipients was compared quantitatively using the Simonsen spleen assay. Blood and thoracic duct lymphocytes were more than four times as active as spleen cells. Spleen cells from mice drained of lymphocytes from the thoracic duct were less than 50% as active as normal spleen cells. Mesenteric lymph node cells were slightly less active than spleen cells. Femoral lymph node cells produced splenic enlargement intermediate between that produced by circulating lymphocytes and spleen cells. However, inocula of femoral node cells in excess of 2 × 10 6 produced early runting (by day 9 after grafting) in 100% of recipients. This capacity to produce wasting was found in no other cell population examined. Thymus cells were only 15% as active as spleen cells, and bone marrow cells produced no early splenic enlargement in recipients. The results are interpreted as indicating (a) that the GVH activity of the spleen and probably of several other solid lymphoid tissues is accounted for by their content of lymphocytes from the circulating pool, and (b) that the femoral nodes contain a high proportion of cells qualitatively different in producing GVH reactions from those in other tissues.
Sonographic Features of Nodular Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the sonographic features of nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in patients with diffuse background thyroiditis and normal background thyroid parenchyma. Subjects and Methods Eighty-six patients who had fine-needle aspiration biopsy of 100 thyroid nodules confirmed to be HT and a thyroid ultrasound within 1 year of the biopsy were included in the study. Retrospective analysis of several sonographic features of each nodule was then performed. Results The mean age of patients with nodular HT was 53 years, 84% of which were female. Nodular HT occurred in a background of diffuse thyroiditis in 85% and in a homogeneous normal background in 15%. Ninety-three percent of nodules were completely solid and 7% of nodules were cystic and solid. Although the sonographic appearance of nodular HT was variable, the most common appearance was a solid (93/100) and hypoechoic nodule (44/100) with a thin hypoechoic halo (42/100) without calcifications (96/100). On color Doppler, 17% of nodules showed peripheral hypervascularity, 14% of nodules were diffusely hypervascular, 34% were iso vascular, 32% were hypovascular, and 3% were avascular. The sonographic appearance of nodular HT was not significantly different in patients with diffuse background thyroiditis compared with those without background thyroiditis. Conclusions The sonographic appearance of nodular HT is variable, but the most common appearance is a solid sharply circumscribed hypoechoic nodule with thin hypoechoic halo without calcification. There was no significant difference in the appearance of nodular HT in patients with diffuse background thyroiditis compared with patients with normal background thyroid parenchyma.
Comparison of rebiopsy rates after stereotactic core needle biopsy of the breast with 11-gauge vacuum suction probe versus 14-gauge needle and automatic gun.

OBJECTIVE The 11-gauge vacuum suction probe is an alternative to the 14-gauge needle and automatic gun for performing stereotactic core needle biopsies. This study compares rebiopsy rates after stereotactic core needle biopsies that were performed with the two methods. The study also assesses the outcomes of those repeat biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred ninety-two stereotactic core needle biopsies using a 14-gauge needle and automatic gun and 354 using an 11-gauge vacuum suction probe were performed consecutively. Excluding malignancies, the number of cases requiring rebiopsy and the reasons for rebiopsy were determined for each group. The histologic diagnoses of the repeat biopsies were assessed. RESULTS The rebiopsy rate was significantly lower with the 11-gauge vacuum suction probe (9.0%) than with the 14-gauge needle and automatic gun (14.9%) (p = .013). Significant reductions were found in cases of insufficient sampling (probe, 1.7%; needle, 4.4%; p = .042) and mammographic-pathologic discrepancy (probe, 0.8%; needle, 3.4%; p = .026). The rebiopsy rate for masses was 6.1% with the vacuum probe versus 10.7% with the 14-gauge needle (p = .12) and for calcifications was 11.6% with the vacuum probe versus 23.7% with the 14-gauge needle (p = .003). After rebiopsy, the percentage of cases in which malignancy was found was 18.5% with the vacuum probe versus 13.7% with the 14-gauge needle. On rebiopsy, the percentage of malignancies found in each category were atypical hyperplasia: probe 26.7%, needle 20.0%; insufficient sample: probe 0%, needle 9.5%; pathologist recommendation: probe 50.0%, needle 12.5%; and lobular carcinoma in situ: probe 0%, needle 100%. CONCLUSION Use of the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device significantly decreases but does not eliminate the need for rebiopsy after stereotactic core needle biopsy. The rebiopsy rate for calcifications was significantly reduced by using the vacuum suction probe rather than the 14-gauge needle; however, the rate for masses was reduced only slightly. On rebiopsy, malignancies were found in both groups.
Predicting Therapeutic Response and Degree of Pituitary Tumour Shrinkage during Treatment of Acromegaly with Octreotide LAR

Background/Aims: The efficacy of transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of patients with acromegaly is largely dependent on tumour size. A reduction in pituitary tumour volume by medical therapy might therefore improve subsequent surgical cure rates. This study prospectively determined the effects of the depot somatostatin analogue octreotide LAR on pituitary tumour size, GH and IGF-I levels and clinical symptoms in a cohort of previously untreated patients with acromegaly. Methods: Six patients newly diagnosed with acromegaly (mean age 53 years; range 42–76 years) received intramuscular octreotide LAR every 28 days for 6 months. The initial dose of LAR was 20 mg, but increased to 30 mg after the initial 3 injections if mean GH levels were >5 mU/l. Prior to commencing LAR therapy, each patient received 3 injections of subcutaneous octreotide (50, 100 and 200 µg) in a randomized order on separate days, and the serum GH response was measured. Pituitary tumour volume was calculated from MRI or computed tomography scans at baseline, then 3 and 6 months after initiation of treatment, and assessed by a ‘blinded’ radiologist in random order. At baseline, 4 patients had a macroadenoma and 2 patients had a microadenoma. For the latter, the whole gland volume was measured. Results: Serum GH levels decreased from 29.6 ± 19.2 mU/l (mean ± SD) at baseline to 12.1 ± 10.5 mU/l at 3 months and 10.4 ± 9.3 mU/l at 6 months. Three patients achieved a mean serum GH level of <5 mU/l. In these patients, the serum GH had declined to <5 mU/l in response to a single 100 µg subcutaneous octreotide injection. Serum IGF-I levels decreased by a mean of 45 ± 7.4%. Tumour volume decreased in all patients: mean baseline volume 2,175 mm3 (range 660–6,998) decreasing to 1,567 mm3 (range 360–4,522) at 3 months (p < 0.05) and 1,293 mm3 (range 280–4,104) at 6 months (p < 0.002). The mean percentage decrease in size was 29% (range –54 to +4%) at 3 months (p < 0.02) and 47% (range 21–97%) at 6 months (p < 0.002). There was no statistically significant correlation between GH response and tumour shrinkage. Conclusions: A single test dose of subcutaneous octreotide may be useful in predicting the subsequent efficacy of octreotide LAR. Octreotide LAR results in significant shrinkage of pituitary tumours of newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly. Whether its administration to such patients for 6–12 months can improve the efficacy of subsequent transsphenoidal surgery will require further study.
Brand Management and Innovation in Mexican Small Business

The paper must have abstract not exceeding 200 words. Brand management is considered in the current literature of marketing as one of the most important business strategies and it is a relatively new topic that is increasing its adepts among researchers, scholars, and professionals in the field of marketing since brand management allows organizations more and better results as well as to increase innovation activities. However, despite the importance of brand management and innovation, there are relatively few investigations focused in the analysis and discussion of the relation between both construct. That is why it is necessary to produce more research papers that provide empirical evidence of the effects of brand management in innovation. For this reason the main goal of this empirical investigation is the analysis and discussion of the effects of brand management in the innovation of small enterprises. The results obtained show that the brand management of products or services of small enterprises have positive, significant effects in the innovation activities carried out by small enterprises. JEL classification numbers: M31Keywords: Brand management, innovation, small business
Off-diagonal hyperfine interaction between the 6p1/2 and 6p3/2 levels in 133Cs

The off-diagonal hyperfine interaction between the 6p1/2 and 6p3/2 states in 133Cs is evaluated in third-order MBPT giving 37.3 Hz and 48.3 Hz, respectively, for second-order energies of the 6p3/2 F=3 and F=4 levels. This result is a factor of 10 smaller than one obtained from an uncorrelated first-order Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculation and used in the analysis of a recent high-precision (< 2 kHz) measurement of the 6p3/2 hyperfine structure [Gerginov et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 72301 (2003)]. The factor of 10 difference has negligible effect on the conclusions of the recent experiment but will become important for experiments carried out at a precision of better than 1 kHz.
Bifurcation Analysis of Chen's equation

Anticontrol of chaos by making a nonchaotic system chaotic has led to the discovery of some new chaotic systems, particularly the continuous-time three-dimensional autonomous Chen's equation with only two quadratic terms. This paper further investigates some basic dynamical properties and various bifurcations of Chen's equation, thereby revealing its different features from some other chaotic models such as its origin, the Lorenz system.
Development of an integrated healthcare supply chain model

ABSTRACT Supply Chain Management (SCM) has become a buzzword in the industry in all the sectors of business. Implementation of SCM practices can improve business performance and increase the overall customer satisfaction. SCM is found to be one of the major contributors in improving the performance of healthcare sector, but its implementation is at the nascent stage worldwide. Hospitals, the main entity of Healthcare Supply Chain (HCSC) haven’t been able to achieve the major objective of reducing the cost and providing high quality service in healthcare sector today due to their limited understanding of SCM’s meaning. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated healthcare supply chain model through a comprehensive literature review which will be highly beneficial for healthcare supply chain to meet its objectives of reducing cost.
The effect of the number of possible words on word completion: a magnetoencephalographic study

We examined the effect of the number of possible words in a word completion task on left superior temporal activity using magnetoencephalography. If this area is involved in access to phonological word representations, as assumed in dual-route models of reading, its activation for word fragments having many possible words (Many condition) would be greater than for fragments with one possible word (Single condition). Left superior temporal activity did not differ in strength between the conditions, while behavioral data suggested multiple accesses in the Many condition. Activation was shorter in the Many than in the Single condition, probably owing to bigram frequency difference. These results are inconsistent with the view that the left superior temporal area is related to lexical-route processing.
The Role of Online Information Sources in Promoting Banja Luka City Brand: Report on the Main Target Groups by Country of Origin

Despite the immense role of online information sources in destination promotion, many DMOs (Destination Management Organization) are still not using it in an adequate way. This especially refers to tourist destinations which are still in their initial tourism development phases. The main aim of the paper was to analyze what information sources certain target groups use to get informed about Banja Luka city brand and how dominant are websites, social media and other online information sources. The study was conducted during September – December 2017 and included the total of 504 respondents from four countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. The sample included respondents who have visited and those who have never visited Banja Luka. The analysis shows that Word-of-mouth, Website of the tourist destination, and Facebook are the most frequently used information sources by all analyzed respondents. Also, it is confirmed that online sources are more dominate than the traditional one. This is an exception only in case of Twitter which showed to be very rarely used to get informed about this destination. The study indicates certain differences between analyzed countries which are discussed in the paper.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tuberculosis Positive Patients in General Hospital Onitsha, Nigeria

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is a major challenge in tuberculosis prevention and control. The prevalence of HIV in tuberculosis patients aged between 10 and 59 years receiving medical care at General Hospital Onitsha, Nigeria was investigated. Seventy-five of the patients were males while eight-five were females. Their sputum and blood samples were screened for tuberculosis and HIV. The sputum samples were examined by microscopy and culture. Patients between 20 and 29 years of age had the highest number of tuberculosis cases (30.7%) while those aged between 50 and 59 years had the least number of cases (9.4%). Forty-five males (28.1%) and fifty females (31.2%) tested positive to HIV respectively. The prevalence of HIV among the tuberculosis patients was 59.3%. Twenty-eight patients (29.5%) composed of twelve males (12.6%) and sixteen females (16.9%) between 20 and 29 years had TB/HIV while eleven patients (11.6%) comprising six males (6.3%) and five females (5.3%) between 50 and 59 years were co-infected. Acid-fast bacilli were detected by culture in 92 (57.5%) of the tuberculosis patients while they were detected by microscopy in 68 (42.3%) of the patients indicating the higher sensitivity of culture for tuberculosis case detection.
[Interval resistance exercise in comparison with bicycle ergometry stress. Studies with resistance endurance training in coronary patients].

UNLABELLED In the rehabilitation of coronary patients there is an increased interest in using complementary resistance exercise training. Therefore, we studied nine patients (males; age: 51 +/- 7 years) with chronic stable coronary heart disease during extensive resistance exercise (ex RE) (legpress, abduction, adduction) (60-s work: 60-s rest; contraction intensity: 65% of 1 RM) and during intensive resistance exercise (int. RE) (legpress) (30-s work: 45-s rest) with 85% of 1 RM. Non-invasive continuously measured blood pressure, heart rate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, lactic acid, and glucose were compared with values from maximal bicycle ergometry (3-min steps, each 25 w; max. performance: mean 156 w; range 125-200 w). RESULTS 1) Comparing ex RE and int RE with bicycle ergometry there were no differences in blood pressure (systolic: 206 and 204 vs. 210 mm Hg; ns; diastolic: 98 and 104 vs. 92 mm Hg; ns). Heart rates (104 and 103 vs. 125/min; p < .01), norepinephrine (3.8 and 3.3 vs. 8.8 nmol/l; p < .01) and epinephrine (0.7 and 0.6 vs. 1.4 nmol/l; p < .01) were considerably lower. 2) The most significant increase and decrease of blood pressure and heart rate occurred within 15-30 s after the beginning and end, respectively, of isometric exercise. CONCLUSIONS 1) ex RE is suitable for patients with stable CHD and cardiac exercise tolerances of 1.5-2 W/kg = 125-150 watts. 2) Blood pressure monitoring by the cuff method (RR) immediately after RE did not reflect blood pressure during RE. 3) Controlling RE by the training heart rate prescribed for endurance exercise is not possible.
Mitigating Supply Chain Risk via Sustainability Using Big Data Analytics: Evidence from the Manufacturing Supply Chain

The use of big data analytics for forecasting business trends is gaining momentum among professionals. At the same time, supply chain risk management is important for practitioners to consider because it outlines ways through which firms can allay internal and external threats. Predicting and addressing the risks that social issues cause in the supply chain is of paramount importance to the sustainable enterprise. The aim of this research is to explore the application of big data analytics in mitigating supply chain social risk and to demonstrate how such mitigation can help in achieving environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The method involves an expert panel and survey identifying and validating social issues in the supply chain. A case study was used to illustrate the application of big data analytics in identifying and mitigating social issues in the supply chain. Our results show that companies can predict various social problems including workforce safety, fuel consumptions monitoring, workforce health, security, physical condition of vehicles, unethical behavior, theft, speeding and traffic violations through big data analytics, thereby demonstrating how information management actions can mitigate social risks. This paper contributes to the literature by integrating big data analytics with sustainability to explain how to mitigate supply chain risk.
Velocity selectivity in the cat visual system. III. Contribution of temporal factors.

In 149 units from area 17 and 48 units from area 18 the responses to stationary stimulation of different durations were compared with the responses to the same stimulus (a 0.3 degrees-wide light or dark bar) moving at different velocities. The aim was to test the hypothesis that the range of effective velocities depends on the time needed for the bar to cross the receptive field. Forty-two percent of the area 17 cells and 8% of the area 18 cells responded poorly or not at all to briefly presented stationary stimulation. These cells were unable to respond at high velocities, and for these "duration-sensitive" cells the velocity characteristics are well predicted on the basis of responses to stationary stimulation of different durations. Cells that responded equally well to periods of stationary stimulation ranging from 12.5 to 3,200 ms ("duration-insensitive cells") were found to be able to respond at all equivalent velocities, but their preference for either high, low, or intermediate velocities was not reflected in differences in responsiveness to the different durations tested. Duration-sensitive cells in area 17 tended to have a receptive field near the area centralis, and 73% of them were classified as S-family cells, one third being end-stopped S-cells. In contrast only 18% of the duration-insensitive cells were of the S family, and these S-family cells were rarely end-stopped (1/12) or rarely had receptive fields within 5 degrees of the fovea (3/12). Duration-sensitive cells had very long latencies (median 285 ms) in response to a stationary flashed light bar of 1 s duration but much shorter latencies (median 91 ms) when tested with a slowly moving light bar. This difference was not seen in duration-insensitive cells (median latencies = 61 and 59 ms). The ability to respond at high velocity was contrast dependent. At a low contrast level all cells failed to respond to brief stimulation, whether moving or stationary. At high contrast levels only the duration-insensitive cells showed an increased responsivity to brief stimuli. The absence of responses in duration-sensitive cells to brief stimuli of high contrast may depend upon suppressive influences reaching these cells before the excitatory influences. We conclude that the velocity upper cutoff of most S-family cells with a central receptive field can be predicted from a knowledge of the minimum duration of stationary presentation required for their activation (median ON duration threshold, 200 ms). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Alteration of programmed cell death and gene expression by 5-bromodeoxyuridine during limb development in mice.

Some chemicals are known to induce limb malformations in mice. The occurrence of limb abnormality induced by chemical reagents is due to changes in the programmed cell death (PCD). 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is known as a potent teratogen and has been reported to induce polydactyly and other limb malformations in rodents (DiPaolo, Science 145, 501-503, 1964). Here, we undertook the morphological and genetic analyses of fetuses with limb malformations in BrdU-treated mice, in order to investigate an alteration of gene expression that resembles that of mutant mice with similar limb malformations. The fetuses of the BrdU-treated mice exhibited preaxial polydactyly and preaxial triphalangism of the hindlimb at a high incidence. Our observations showed that the PCD in the preaxial necrotic zone was found to be delayed or absent on day 11 of pregnancy. Histological analyses of these fetuses showed that the preaxial apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the hindlimb was hyperplastic and consisted of several irregular layers. In observation of the whole-mount in situ hybridization, we detected the anterior-extended overexpression of Hoxd-11 and Hoxd-13 genes in the mesenchyme cells and the overexpression of Fgf4 and Fgf8 genes in the anterior region of the AER of hindlimbs of BrdU-treated fetuses. Our study shows that the injection of BrdU changed the PCD and gene expression during limb development and induced time-specific limb malformations during fetal development. This examination of the changes of the PCD and gene expression will be useful markers for the investigation of toxicities and teratologieties of other chemicals now present in the world environment.