Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hard and soft tissue integration of immediate and delayed implants with a modified coronal macrodesign: Histological, micro‐CT and volumetric soft tissue changes from a pre‐clinical in vivo study

AIM To study the healing of peri-implant tissues around implants with a triangular coronal third (test) or cylindrical (control). MATERIALS AND METHODS In eight beagle dogs, immediate and delayed implants were placed. Test and control implants were randomly assigned and the hard and soft tissue healing was evaluated with histology and micro-CT analysis at 4 and 12 weeks. The soft tissue contour changes were assessed by image analysis software. RESULTS When measured at the implant shoulder level, the buccal crestal width (primary outcome assessed in mm) attained similar values in test and control implants. More apically (3 mm) test implants had greater buccal crestal width in delayed and immediate sites. For vertical soft and hard tissue measurements, no significant differences were found between Test and Control. Micro-CT evaluation of the buccal volume of interest showed less volume of implant component in T implants in all sites, although bone volume was not significantly different between T/C. Soft tissue contours were similar around T/C implants. CONCLUSION Triangular implants showed similar percentage of osseointegration, buccal bone volume and soft tissue contours, although attaining greater buccal crestal bone width. No differences were found in regard to soft tissue dimensions and the position of the first bone-to-implant contact.
Measuring Medical Students’ Empathy: Exploring the Underlying Constructs of and Associations Between Two Widely Used Self-Report Instruments in Five Countries

Purpose Understanding medical student empathy is important to future patient care; however, the definition and development of clinical empathy remain unclear. The authors sought to examine the underlying constructs of two of the most widely used self-report instruments—Davis’s Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy version for medical students (JSE-S)—plus, the distinctions and associations between these instruments. Method Between 2007 and 2014, the authors administered the IRI and JSE-S in three separate studies in five countries, (Brazil, Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal, and the United Kingdom). They collected data from 3,069 undergraduate medical students and performed exploratory factor analyses, correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression analyses. Results Exploratory factor analysis yielded identical results in each country, confirming the subscale structures of each instrument. Results of correlation analyses indicated significant but weak correlations (r = 0.313) between the total IRI and JSE-S scores. All intercorrelations of IRI and JSE-S subscale scores were statistically significant but weak (range r = −0.040 to 0.306). Multiple linear regression models revealed that the IRI subscales were weak predictors of all JSE-S subscale and total scores. The IRI subscales explained between 9.0% and 15.3% of variance for JSE-S subscales and 19.5% for JSE-S total score. Conclusions The IRI and JSE-S are only weakly related, suggesting that they may measure different constructs. To better understand this distinction, more studies using both instruments and involving students at different stages in their medical education, as well as more longitudinal and qualitative studies, are needed.
Exploring outcomes of community-based tourism on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal study of Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques

ABSTRACT The development of eco-trekking on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea has used a community-based planning approach, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), in developing community-based tourism (CBT). This approach involves local communities within the sustainable tourism planning process and honours and incorporates their knowledge and opinions. This paper examines the development and outcomes of CBT over a 10-year period since 2004. The findings suggest that stakeholder collaboration through the use of PRA and CBT can foster a sound capacity-building mechanism through the structures it creates as it provides a bottom-up approach which is enabling and meets the objectives of the stakeholders, particularly the communities that are engaged in the process. A key outcome of this process is a sustainable eco-trekking industry driven by the community, but working in partnership with tour operators and philanthropic giving. The paper also demonstrates the complexities, consequences and inevitable compromises in any outcome-based community approach which seeks to empower diverse stakeholder groups, and especially complex – and important – when working with indigenous peoples. The value of an effective, informed and relevant legal framework is noted, as is the need for the tapping into tour operators’ experience as well as community experience.
A mutant of human immunodeficiency virus with reduced RNA packaging and abnormal particle morphology

A deletion of 30 bases was created in the noncoding region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome that extends between the 5' splice donor and the start of the gag gene. Viral particles produced after transfection of this mutant provirus had a normal protein pattern but a reduced RNA content. The infectivity of the mutant virus was also markedly reduced but not completely abolished. Electron-microscopic examination of the mutant virions revealed major abnormalities of the nucleoid structure, mostly related to the dense material characteristic of mature particles, suggesting that the presence of RNA is essential to the normal structure of the nucleoid.
Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial

To cite this article: Boyle RJ, Ismail IH, Kivivuori S, Licciardi PV, Robins‐Browne RM, Mah L‐J, Axelrad C, Moore S, Donath S, Carlin JB, Lahtinen SJ, Tang MLK. Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2011; 66: 509–516.
On Leadership

Political theorists seldom have direct experience of power. Bringing together two decades of experience in educational leadership and my vocation as a political theorist, I offer advice to prospective leaders. This essay takes Machiavelli's Prince as a model in terms of format, and occasionally draws on his prose, either in agreement or to offer a different opinion. I emphasize the importance of context and organizational type in thinking about leadership, and of paying attention to what leaders actually do. I describe some of the qualities that often prove helpful to leaders, and discuss the distinctive attractions and pitfalls of power-holding.Nannerl O. Keohane is Laurance Rockefeller Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Woodrow Wilson School and the Center for Human Values, Princeton University (nkeohane@princeton.edu). From 1981 until 2004, she served as President of Wellesley College and then of Duke University. She is the author of Philosophy and the State in France and essays on political philosophy, education and feminism. An earlier version of this essay was delivered as the Godkin Lecture at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, in February 2005. I acknowledge with gratitude comments on earlier drafts from colleagues at Harvard, Stanford, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, especially from Charles Griswold, Robert O. Keohane, James G. March, Norman Naimark, Joseph S. Nye Jr., Josiah Ober, and Samuel Popkin. I am also grateful to the assistant to the editor at Perspectives on Politics who suggested that I recast the lecture in the spirit of Machiavelli's The Prince. The reader who is familiar with this work will note multiple occasions where I have used his tone and even occasionally his prose, with minimal emendations, to make my own points, sometimes in agreement and sometimes in dissent, but without direct citation. After the essay was submitted for review, Harvey Mansfield made a number of helpful suggestions and drew my attention to Carnes Lord's The Modern Prince, which also uses Machiavelli's treatise as a “literary model of sorts. ”
A new phosphate-starvation response in fission yeast requires the endocytic function of myosin I

ABSTRACT Endocytosis is essential for uptake of many substances into the cell, but how it links to nutritional signalling is poorly understood. Here, we show a new role for endocytosis in regulating the response to low phosphate in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Loss of function of myosin I (Myo1), Sla2/End4 or Arp2, proteins involved in the early steps of endocytosis, led to increased proliferation in low-phosphate medium compared to controls. We show that once cells are deprived of phosphate they undergo a quiescence response that is dependent on the endocytic function of Myo1. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a wide perturbation of gene expression with induction of stress-regulated genes upon phosphate starvation in wild-type but not Δmyo1 cells. Thus, endocytosis plays a pivotal role in mediating the cellular response to nutrients, bridging the external environment and internal molecular functions of the cell. Highlighted Article: The endocytic machinery, including the type 1 myosin Myo1, is required to establish a quiescence response to low-phosphate stress in fission yeast.
Time scale and fractionality in financial time series

Purpose - – Turvey (2007, Physica A) introduced a scaled variance ratio procedure for testing the random walk hypothesis (RWH) for financial time series by estimating Hurst coefficients for a fractional Brownian motion model of asset prices. The purpose of this paper is to extend his work by making the estimation procedure robust to heteroskedasticity and by addressing the multiple hypothesis testing problem. Design/methodology/approach - – Unbiased, heteroskedasticity consistent, variance ratio estimates are calculated for end of day price data for eight time lags over 12 agricultural commodity futures (front month) and 40 US equities from 2000-2014. A bootstrapped stepdown procedure is used to obtain appropriate statistical confidence for the multiplicity of hypothesis tests. The variance ratio approach is compared against regression-based testing for fractionality. Findings - – Failing to account for bias, heteroskedasticity, and multiplicity of testing can lead to large numbers of erroneous rejections of the null hypothesis of efficient markets following an independent random walk. Even with these adjustments, a few futures contracts significantly violate independence for short lags at the 99 percent level, and a number of equities/lags violate independence at the 95 percent level. When testing at the asset level, futures prices are found not to contain fractional properties, while some equities do. Research limitations/implications - – Only a subsample of futures and equities, and only a limited number of lags, are evaluated. It is possible that multiplicity adjustments for larger numbers of tests would result in fewer rejections of independence. Originality/value - – This paper provides empirical evidence that violations of the RWH for financial time series are likely to exist, but are perhaps less common than previously thought.
Evidence for a catecholaminergic projection to area X in the zebra finch

In the zebra finch (Poephila guttata), horseradish peroxidase injected into or near Area X of the lobus parolfactorius (LPO) is transported to cell bodies in ipsilateral hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale (HVc), area ventralis of Tsai (AVT), and nucleus tegmenti pedunculo‐pontinus, pars compacta (TPc). Area X, LPO, and paleostriatum augmentatum (PA) all contain a dense network of catecholamine‐containing axons and nerve terminals, as determined in histofluorescence studies. Cell bodies in AVT and TPc contain catecholamines; lesions of TPc greatly reduce or abolish catecholamine fluorescence in PA, and a lesion of AVT eliminates histofluorescence in LPO, including Area X. The anatomical location and catecholaminergic projection from AVT suggest that LPO‐Area X may be the avian homolog of the mammalian nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and/or rostromedial caudate.
The Correlation Between Clinical Characteristics and Radionuclide Salivagram Findings in Patients With Brain Lesions: A Preliminary Study

Objective To evaluate the correlation between radionuclide salivagram findings and clinical characteristics in dysphagic patients with brain lesions. Methods The medical records of 35 dysphagic patients with brain lesions who simultaneously underwent both a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and radionuclide salivagram were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence of aspiration on a salivagram (group A, patients with aspiration on the salivagram; group B, patients with no aspiration on the salivagram). The differences between clinical characteristics and VFSS findings (penetration-aspiration scale [PAS]) between the two groups were analyzed. Results Eleven out of 35 patients displayed salivary aspiration on the radionuclide salivagram. There were no significant differences between the two groups according to age, sex, disease duration, PAS on VFSS and feeding methods (p≥0.05). The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was significantly higher in group A. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise method, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was the only significant parameter in predicting positive findings in salivagrams (odds ratio=0.760; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.625–0.923; p=0.006). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the MMSE score for positive detection in salivagrams was 0.855 (95% CI, 0.689–0.953; p<0.0001). The optimal cut-off value was 7 for the MMSE score (sensitivity 72.73%, specificity 100%). Conclusion In patients with brain lesions who complain of dysphagia, the MMSE score was correlated with salivary aspiration. If patients present with a score of 7 or less on the MMSE, performing a radionuclide salivagram may helpful for early detection of patients at high risk of aspiration pneumonia induced from salivary aspiration.
Psychopathology of school going children in the age group of 10-15 years

Background: Psychiatric problems in children are rising and reported cases represent only the tip of the iceberg; large number remains unreported in India. There is limited data on childhood mental disorders and mental health needs in Northern-India. Aims and Objective: The main objective of this research was to study the extent and nature of psychiatric disorders in school children in a defined geographical area and to study their psychosocial correlates. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule (CPMS) was used to measure the magnitude of 982 students in the age group of 10-15 years from four randomly selected schools in a city of North India. Screening stage was followed by detailed evaluation stage in which children were diagnosed by ICD-10 criteria. Statistical analysis was done by percentage and Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that among 982 students, 199 (20.2%) had psychiatric morbidity. Most of them were in the age group of 13-14 yrs, from middle income group and were second in birth order. No significant sexual preference was found regarding distribution of the disorders. Specific phobia; other non organic sleep disorders like sleep talking, bruxism; tension headache found to be the most prevalent disorders followed by sleep terror, hyperkinetic disorder, pica, enuresis. Conclusion: Epidemiological studies should be started early in childhood and carried longitudinally for development of preventive, promotional and curative programme in the community.
Determination of the deliquescence point in salt mixtures and in in-situ multicomponent salts with DVS equipment

Accelerated salt induced deterioration occurs by frequently changes across the deliquescence point. Therefore does the actual deliquescence point of the present salts have a major impact on preventive conservation being able to ensure a relative humidity not causing salt phase transition and to in-situ desalination as dissolution of the salts is the essential criterion to enable transport of salt (ions) in the construction. In the present work deliquescence points were measured with dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) equipment in salt mixtures and the results are shown to be in agreement with values from the literature. Also in-situ-multi salt samples were measured including the difference between the second critical relative humidity and the efflorescence relative humidity being a measure for the critical supersaturation required for crystallization at the specific experimental conditions. The DVS equipment seems to be able to make accurate determinations of the deliquescence points in complex salt systems and could be an expressive determination in in-situ investigations.
Loss of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structures Is Accompanied by Compensatory Increase in Action Potential-Dependent Synaptic Input to Layer V Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons in Aged Rats

Reduction in both presynaptic and postsynaptic structures in the aging neocortex may significantly affect functional synaptic properties in this area. To directly address this issue, we combined whole-cell patch-clamp recording of spontaneously occurring postsynaptic currents (PSCs) with morphological analysis of layer V pyramidal neurons in the parietal cortex of young adult (1- to 2-month-old) and aged (28- to 37-month-old) BNxF344 F1 hybrid rats. Analysis of spontaneous PSCs was used to contrast functional properties of basal synaptic input with structural alterations in the dendritic tree of pyramidal neurons and density of terminals in contact with these cells. We observed significant changes in a number of morphological parameters of pyramidal neurons in aged rats. These include smaller cell body size and fewer basal dendritic branches (but not of oblique dendrites and dendritic tufts) and spines. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed a lower density of presynaptic terminals per unit length of postsynaptic membrane of labeled pyramidal neurons in the aged brain. This reduction in both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements was paralleled by a significant decrease in frequency of tetrodotoxin-insensitive miniature (action potential-independent) PSCs (mPSCs). The frequency of excitatory and inhibitory mPSCs was reduced to the same extent. In contrast, no significant change was observed in the frequency of spontaneous PSCs recorded in absence of tetrodotoxin (sPSCs), indicating an increase in action potential-dependent (frequencysPSCs − frequencymPSCs) input to pyramidal neurons in the aged group. This functional compensation may explain the lack of drastic loss of spontaneous neuronal activity in normal aging.
Thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels in human corneal epithelial cells

Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins such as TRPV1–TRPV4 are all heat‐activated non‐selective cation channels that are modestly permeable to Ca2+. TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4 functional expression were previously identified in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). However, the membrane currents were not described underlying their activation by either selective agonists or thermal variation. This study characterized the membrane currents and [Ca 2+]i transients induced by thermal and agonist TRPV1 and 4 stimulation. TRPV1 and 4 expressions were confirmed by RT‐PCR and TRPV2 transcripts were also detected. In fura2‐loaded HCEC, a TRPV1–3 selective agonist, 100 µM 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB), induced intracellular Ca2+ transients and an increase in non‐selective cation outward currents that were suppressed by ruthenium‐red (RuR) (10–20 µM), a non‐selective TRPV channel blocker. These changes were also elicited by rises in ambient temperature from 25 to over 40°C. RuR (5 µM) and a selective TRPV1 channel blocker capsazepine CPZ (10 µM) or another related blocker, lanthanum chloride (La3+) (100 µM) suppressed these temperature‐induced Ca2+ increases. Planar patch‐clamp technique was used to characterize the currents underlying Ca2+ transients. Increasing the temperature to over 40°C induced reversible rises in non‐selective cation currents. Moreover, a hypotonic challenge (25%) increased non‐selective cation currents confirming TRPV4 activity. We conclude that HCEC possess in addition to thermo‐sensitive TRPV3 activity TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 activity. Their activation confers temperature sensitivity at the ocular surface, which may protect the cornea against such stress. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1828–1842, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parenting a child with a traumatic brain injury: Experiences of parents and health professionals

Abstract Objective: To qualitatively explore the experiences, challenges and needs of parents of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to inform future intervention research through incorporation of participant knowledge and experience. Methods: Parents of children with TBI (n = 10) and experienced health professionals in paediatric rehabilitation (n = 5) took part in focus groups or individual interviews. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and an inductive thematic analysis performed. Findings: Participants reported that, beyond the impact of the injury on the child, TBI affects the entire family. Parents need to adjust to and manage their child’s difficulties and can also experience significant emotional distress, relationship discord and burden of care, further adding to the challenges of the parenting role. Parents can feel isolated and the importance of empowerment, support and information was emphasized. Coping styles of disengagement and avoidance were often reported, despite acknowledgement that these were not beneficial. Conclusions: Parenting interventions may provide essential support for parents in adjusting to and managing their child’s difficulties and the efficacy of existing programmes needs evaluation. Addressing parent emotional adjustment and coping strategies is vital following paediatric TBI, given the impact on parent well-being and the potential negative effects on child outcomes through reduced parenting effectiveness. Group programmes may enable connection and support.
Interstitial pulmonary edema. An electron microscopic study of the pathology of staphylococcal enterotoxemia in Rhesus monkeys.

Abstract : Interstitial pulmonary edema was produced in rhesus monkeys by intravenous injections of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a purified protein toxin. The primary pathologic change, as revealed by electron microscopy, was capillary endothelial cell degeneration and necrosis, with less frequent damage to the endothelium of venules. Secondary phenomena were interstitial hemorrhage and edema and a histiocytic infiltrate. There was striking herniation of capillary endothelium into the vascular lumen which may contribute significantly to decreased pulmonary perfusion in this toxemia.
Sick day management using blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐OHB) compared with urine ketone monitoring reduces hospital visits in young people with T1DM: a randomized clinical trial

Aims Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life‐threatening acute complication of Type 1 diabetes, may be preventable with frequent monitoring of glycaemia and ketosis along with timely supplemental insulin. This prospective, two‐centre study assessed sick day management using blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐OHB) monitoring compared with traditional urine ketone testing, aimed at averting emergency assessment and hospitalization.