Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes

Exosomes are membrane vesicles secreted by hematopoietic cells upon fusion of late multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes induce potent antitumor immune responses in mice, resulting in the regression of established tumors (Zitvogel, L., A. Regnault, A. Lozier, J. Wolfers, C. Flament, D. Tenza, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, G. Raposo, and S. Amigorena. 1998. Nat. Med. 4:594–600). To unravel the molecular basis of exosome-induced immune stimulation, we now analyze the regulation of their production during DC maturation and characterize extensively their protein composition by peptide mass mapping. Exosomes contain several cytosolic proteins (including annexin II, heat shock cognate protein hsc73, and heteromeric G protein Gi2α), as well as different integral or peripherally associated membrane proteins (major histocompatiblity complex class II, Mac-1 integrin, CD9, milk fat globule-EGF-factor VIII [MFG-E8]). MFG-E8, the major exosomal component, binds integrins expressed by DCs and macrophages, suggesting that it may be involved in exosome targeting to these professional antigen-presenting cells. Another exosome component is hsc73, a cytosolic heat shock protein (hsp) also present in DC endocytic compartments. hsc73 was shown to induce antitumor immune responses in vivo, and therefore could be involved in the exosome's potent antitumor effects. Finally, exosome production is downregulated upon DC maturation, indicating that in vivo, exosomes are produced by immature DCs in peripheral tissues. Thus, DC-derived exosomes accumulate a defined subset of cellular proteins reflecting their endosomal biogenesis and accounting for their biological function.
Interpretation of tests for nut allergy in one thousand patients, in relation to allergy or tolerance

Background Peanut and tree nut allergy are common, increasing in prevalence and the commonest food cause of anaphylaxis. In the USA, 7.8% are sensitized (have nut‐specific IgE), but not all those sensitized are allergic. Lack of data makes interpretation of tests for nut‐specific IgE difficult.
Language exposure in bilingual toddlers: performance on nonword repetition and lexical tasks.

PURPOSE The amount of language exposure is correlated with bilingual lexical development, but findings are mixed on how exposure relates to nonword repetition (NWR), a complex skill involving both short-term processing and long-term vocabulary knowledge. We extend previous work to a younger age group by investigating the role of exposure on NWR versus vocabulary, along with the effect of item construction and scoring. METHOD Sixty typically developing children (ages 2;5-3;6[years;months]) were assessed for NWR and receptive and expressive vocabulary. Participants ranged in amount of previous exposure to English and French from 0% to 100% and were tested in both languages if able to participate, even with very limited exposure (28 completed testing in both languages, 11 completed testing in English only, 21 completed testing in French only). RESULTS Correlational analyses showed moderate to strong associations between the amount of exposure and vocabulary in that language, whereas the relationship of exposure with NWR was weak or nonsignificant, depending on scoring method. NWR correlated with vocabulary in English only. Performance on NWR was affected by nonword length but unaffected by wordlikeness. CONCLUSIONS NWR and vocabulary were differently related to language exposure. The underlying mechanisms of NWR at this age appeared mainly reliant on short-term processes, in contrast to long-term vocabulary knowledge.
The lower lip and the maxillary central incisor.

The relationship of the lower lip to the maxillary central incisor has been investigated in eighty subjects. Lip posture and incisor angulation were assessed and compared using pretreatment cephalograms of groups of twenty children with Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III incisor relationships. Results confirm the clinical impression that there is a strong correlation between the class of incisor relationship and lower lip height relative to the upper central incisor. The wide range of lip height in the Class I group, however, indicates that a normal overjet may remain stable in the absence of lower lip cover or, alternatively, in the presence of a high lip line. The stability of upper incisor position depends upon the absence of unbalanced forces and lower lip cover is only one factor.
Accuracy of preparation of i.v. medication syringes for anesthesiology.

PURPOSE The results of a study of the accuracy of i.v. medication preparation by anesthesiologists are presented. METHODS The accuracy of syringe preparation was assessed by analyzing the contents of 500 unused syringes collected after adult and pediatric surgery procedures. The collected syringes contained various i.v. medication formulations representative of different preparation techniques: atracurium 1, 2.5, and 5 μg/mL and fentanyl 10, 20, 25, and 50 μg/mL, which required serial dilution after withdrawal of the drugs from ampuls; thiopental 5, 25, and 50 mg/mL, prepared by diluting reconstituted powdered drug from vials; and lidocaine 10-mg/mL solution, which was withdrawn directly from the ampul into a syringe. Variances between actual and labeled drug concentrations were determined via a validated ultraviolet-visible light spectro-photometry method. RESULTS Overall, 29% of the evaluated syringes were found to contain drug concentrations outside the designated range of acceptability (±10% of the targeted concentration); 18% of preparations deviated from the declared dose by ±20%, 8% deviated by ±50%, and 4% deviated by ±100%. In one instance, the actual drug concentration was at variance with the labeled concentration by >100%. In 4% of cases (n = 20), discrepancies exceeded 100%, suggesting not just imprecision but errors in the preparation process, such as incorrect dilution calculations and selection of the wrong medication vial by the syringe preparer. CONCLUSION Analysis of different i.v. formulations of four medications prepared in syringes by anesthesiologists revealed a high rate of discrepancies between ordered and actual drug concentrations, suggesting a need for increased institutional efforts to prevent errors during the preparation process.
Visualizing Dynamic E2F-Mediated Repression In Vivo

ABSTRACT Although many E2F target genes have been identified recently, very little is known about how any single E2F site controls the expression of an E2F target gene in vivo. To test the requirement for a single E2F site in vivo and to learn how E2F-mediated repression is regulated during development and tumorigenesis, we have constructed a novel series of wild-type and mutant Rb promoter-LacZ transgenic reporter lines that allow us to visualize the activity of a crucial E2F target in vivo, the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (Rb). Two mutant Rb promoter-LacZ constructs were used to evaluate the importance of a single E2F site or a nearby activator (Sp1/Ets) site that is found mutated in low-penetrance retinoblastomas. The activity of the wild-type Rb promoter is dynamic, varying spatially and temporally within the developing nervous system. While loss of the activator site silences the Rb promoter, loss of the E2F site stimulates its activity in the neocortex, retina, and trigeminal ganglion. Surprisingly, E2F-mediated repression of Rb does not act globally or in a static manner but, instead, is a highly dynamic process in vivo. Using neocortical extracts, we detected GA-binding protein α (GABPα, an Ets family member) bound to the activator site and both E2F1 and E2F4 bound to the repressor site of the Rb promoter in vitro. Additionally, we detected binding of both E2F1 and E2F4 to the Rb promoter in vivo using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis on embryonic day 13.5 brain. Unexpectedly, we detect no evidence for Rb promoter autoregulation in neuroendocrine tumors from Rb+/−; RbP-LacZ mice that undergo loss of heterozygosity at the Rb locus, in contrast to the situation in human retinoblastomas where high RB mRNA levels are found. In summary, this study provides the first demonstration that loss of an E2F site is critical for target gene repression in vivo and underscores the complexity of the Rb and E2F family network in vivo.
Nursing diagnoses in patients with cerebral vascular accident : an integrative review

Objective: to verify the nursing diagnoses in patients affected by CVAs. Method: this is an integrative review of the literature. The search was conducted on LILACS, Scielo, Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases between February and March 2015, using the following keywords: “Enfermagem”, “Acidente Vascular Cerebral”, “Diagnóstico de Enfermagem”; and “Nursing”, “Stroke”, and “Nursing Diagnosis”. Results: we found 9 articles published between 2009 and 2015; most of them were Brazilian, cross-sectional, and exploratory, with a level of evidence of 6. The evidence from the publications was classifi ed as: “Evaluation and validation of specifi c nursing diagnoses for subjects affected by CVAs” and “Application of the nursing process on subjects affected by CVAs”. Conclusion: we noticed the publications focused on nursing diagnoses related to motor disorders, such as risk of falls and impaired physical mobility. Domains regarding safety/protection (domain 11) and sleep/resting (domain 4) were present in most evaluated publications. Descriptors: Cerebrovascular accident; Nursing Diagnosis; Nursing; Nursing Care; Review. RESUMO Objetivo: verifi car os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes nos pacientes acometidos por AVC. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca ocorreu nas bases LILACS, Scielo, Medline, CINAHL e Scopus entre fevereiro e março de 2015, utilizando os descritores controlados: “Enfermagem”, “Acidente Vascular Cerebral” e “Diagnóstico de Enfermagem” e “Nursing”, “Stroke” e “Nursing Diagnosis”. Resultados: encontraram-se 9 artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2015, sendo a maioria brasileiros, do tipo transversal e exploratório e com nível evidência 6. As evidências das publicações foram categorizadas em: “Avaliação e validação de diagnósticos de enfermagem específi cos para indivíduos acometidos por AVC” e “Aplicação do processo de enfermagem em indivíduos acometidos por AVC”. Conclusão: percebeu-se um enfoque das publicações nos diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados aos distúrbios motores, como risco de quedas e mobilidade física prejudicada. Os domínios relacionados à segurança/proteção (domínio 11) e ao sono/repouso (domínio 4) estiveram presentes na maior parte das publicações avaliadas. Descritores: Acidente Vascular Cerebral; Acidentes Cerebrovasculares; Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; Enfermagem; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Revisão. RESUMEN Objetivo: verifi car diagnósticos de enfermería de los pacientes con ACV. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora de literatura. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda entre febrero y marzo de 2015, en las bases de datos como LILACS, SciELO, Medline, CINAHL y Scopus, al utilizar las siguientes palabras clave: “Enfermería”, “Accidente cerebrovascular” y “Diagnóstico de Nursing diagnoses in patients with cerebral vascular accident: an integrative review Diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral: revisão integrativa Diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular: revisión integradora
Fate of Submitted Manuscripts Rejected from the American Journal of Neuroradiology: Outcomes and Commentary

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the publication fate of submissions previously rejected from the American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) to provide guidance to authors who receive rejection notices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search by using MEDLINE of all submissions rejected from AJNR in 2004 was performed to identify subsequently published manuscripts. The fate of subsequently published manuscripts was analyzed as a function of submission type (major study, technical note, or case report), publication delay, publishing journal type (neuroradiology, general radiology, or clinical neuroscience journal), impact factor, publication volume, and circulation volume. RESULTS: Of the 554 rejected submissions to AJNR, 315 (56%) were subsequently published in 115 different journals, with the journal Neuroradiology publishing the greatest number of articles (37 [12%] of 315). The mean publication delay was 15.8 ± 7.5 months. Major studies were more likely than case reports to be subsequently published (P = .034), but all 3 subtypes were published at rates greater than 50%. Radiologic journals collectively published approximately 60% of subsequent publications, whereas neurosurgery and neurology journals published 27% of rejected manuscripts. The mean impact factor of journals subsequently publishing rejected manuscripts was 1.8 ± 1.3 (AJNR = 2.5), and 24 (7.5%) manuscripts were subsequently published in journals with higher impact factors than AJNR. CONCLUSIONS: These findings should give hope to authors receiving a rejection from AJNR, because greater than 50% of articles rejected from AJNR are subsequently published within 2–3 years, irrespective of publication type, into high-quality journals.
Characterization of Acoustic Reflex Latency in Females

Acoustic Reflex Latency (ARL) is the time interval between onset of an intense auditory stimulus and onset of middle-ear muscle contraction. Unlike pure tone audiogram, the usual procedure to detect middle ear disorders and conductive hearing loss, ARL can differentiate between cochlear and retrocochlear pathologies, yields information about the nature of the conductive disorder, can detect mild conductive problems and is useful for patients that require cooperation. The present study done on 30 normal-hearing female subjects between the age range of 20-30 years old shows no significant differences between the results in the left and right ears of the subjects using the Acoustic Reflex Threshold (ART) latency parameters tested from 500 Hz to 4,000 Hz and the Interaural Latency Difference (ILD) for initial latency of 500 Hz with ILD for initial latency of other frequencies. The present study might be used as normative data for future research on ARL in patients with various cochlear and retrocochlear lesions as part of a differential diagnosis. Abbreviations: ARL: Acoustic Reflex Latency; ART: Acoustic Reflex Threshold; ILD: Interaural Latency Difference; TM: Tympanic Membrane; BBN: Broad Band Noise
Cost‐effectiveness of new antiviral regimens for treatment‐naïve U.S. veterans with hepatitis C

Recently approved, interferon‐free medication regimens for treating hepatitis C are highly effective, but extremely costly. We aimed to identify cost‐effective strategies for managing treatment‐naïve U.S. veterans with new hepatitis C medication regimens. We developed a Markov model with 1‐year cycle length for a cohort of 60‐year‐old veterans with untreated genotype 1 hepatitis C seeking treatment in a typical year. We compared using sofosbuvir/ledipasvir or ombitasvir/ritonavir/paritaprevir/dasabuvir to treat: (1) any patient seeking treatment; (2) only patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis; or (3) patients with advanced disease first and healthier patients 1 year later. The previous standard of care, sofosbuvir/simeprevir or sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin, was included for comparison. Patients could develop progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma, undergo transplantation, or die. Complications were less likely after sustained virological response. We calculated the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) and varied model inputs in one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We used the Veterans Health Administration perspective with a lifetime time horizon and 3% annual discounting. Treating any patient with ombitasvir‐based therapy was the preferred strategy ($35,560; 14.0 QALYs). All other strategies were dominated (greater costs/QALY gained than more effective strategies). Varying treatment efficacy, price, and/or duration changed the preferred strategy. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, treating any patient with ombitasvir‐based therapy was cost‐effective in 70% of iterations at a $50,000/QALY threshold and 65% of iterations at a $100,000/QALY threshold. Conclusion: Managing any treatment‐naïve genotype 1 hepatitis C patient with ombitasvir‐based therapy is the most economically efficient strategy, although price and efficacy can impact cost‐effectiveness. It is economically unfavorable to restrict treatment to patients with advanced disease or use a staged treatment strategy. (Hepatology 2016;63:428–436)
API Recommendations for the Management of Typhoid Fever.

T h e t e r m ‘ e n t e r i c f e v e r ’ ( E F ) i n c l u d e s t y p h o i d a n d p a r a t y p h o i d f e ve r s . T y p h o i d f e v e r i s c a u s e d b y a G r a m negat ive organism, Salmonel la enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi), whereas paratyphoid fever is caused by any of the three serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, namely S. paratyphi A, S. schottmuelleri (also ca l led S. para typh i B ) , and S. hirschfeldii (also called S. paratyphi C). Type A is the most common pathogen worldwide, whereas Type B predominates in Europe. Type C is rare, and is seen only in the Far East. The overall ratio of the disease caused by S. typhi to that caused by S. paratyphi is about 10 to 1.1 API Recommendations for the Management of Typhoid Fever
X-Band transmit/receive module MMIC chip-set based on emerging GaN and SiGe technologies

In this paper an innovative solution leading to high performance/low-cost multi-domain T/R modules, utilizing emerging semi-conductor technologies such as GaN and SiGe, will be outlined. In particular a complete X-Band TRM MMIC chip-set based on GaN for the front-end RF functions and on SiGe multifunction chip for signal amplitude and phase control will be presented. The GaN front-end RF functions comprise state-of-the-art HPA, robust LNA and high power SPDT switch MMICs designed and fabricated by Selex Sistemi Integrati internal facilities. The SiGe multifunction Core Chip has been designed by Selex Sistemi Integrati employing a low-cost SiGe BiCMOS commercial process.
Decreased serum levels of TGF-β1 are associated with renal damage in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Introduction: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has a large role in the control of autoimmunity. TGF-β1 production by lymphocytes is reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Decreased levels of TGF-β1 might associate to disease susceptibility, activity and organ damage in SLE. However, the correlation between TGF-β1 levels and severity of renal damage in SLE has not been examined. Methods: The present study was undertaken to assess the serum levels of total and active TGF-β1 in 150 female patients with SLE and 31 healthy women. Simple and multiple regression analyses between TGF-β1 levels and the diseases-related variables were performed in patients with SLE. Results: Serum levels of both total and active TGF-β1 were significantly reduced in patients with SLE compared with levels in healthy controls (p < 0.01). Total TGF-β1 levels correlated positively with white blood cell, platelet counts, calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and active TGF-β1 level, and inversely with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In multiple regression analysis, ESR and platelet counts remained determinants of total TGF-β1. Total TGF-β1 levels were lower in patients with high disease activity (SLEDAI > 10) and severe organ damage (SLICC > 3). Significantly lower levels of total TGF-β1 were found in patients with severe renal damage, i.e. lower TGF-β1 in patients with 24-h urine protein over 3.5 g than in those with below 3.5 g (p < 0.05); lower TGF-β1 in patients with GFR less than 50 ml/min than in those with over 50 ml/min (p < 0.05). In contrast, active TGF-β1 only correlated with platelet counts. There was no association between renal damage and the levels of active TGF-β1. Conclusion: This study demonstrates significantly reduced serum levels of both total and active TGF-β1 in women with SLE compared with healthy women. Total TGF-β1 levels are correlated negatively with ESR and positively with blood platelets. Total TGF-β1 levels were lower in SLE patients with high disease activity and severe organ damage. Importantly, the severity of the renal damage was associated with decreased serum levels of total TGF-β1, suggesting that TGF-β1 might be involved in pathogenesis of renal damage caused by lupus nephritis.
Knowledge management and organizational performance: a decomposed view

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of specific knowledge management resources (i.e. knowledge management enablers and processes) on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses survey data from 189 managers and structural equation modeling to assess the links between specific knowledge management resources and organizational performance.Findings – The results show that some knowledge resources (e.g. organizational structure, knowledge application) are directly related to organizational performance, while others (e.g. technology, knowledge conversion), though important preconditions for knowledge management, are not directly related to organizational performance.Research limitations/implications – The survey findings were based on a single dataset, so the same observations may not apply to other settings. The survey also did not provide in‐depth insight into the key capabilities of individual firms and the circumstances under which some resources are di.
Functional connectivity in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Purpose: Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is characterized by electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with generalized spike wave discharges (GSWDs) arising from normal background activity. Although GSWDs are the result of highly synchronized activity in the thalamocortical network, EEG without GSWDs is believed to represent normal brain activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether thalamocortical interactions are altered even during GSWD‐free EEG periods in patients with IGE.
Quantitative comparison of the expression of EVI1 and its presumptive antagonist, MDS1/EVI1, in patients with myeloid leukemia

The EVI1 gene in chromosome band 3q26 exhibits a number of properties consistent with a role as an oncogene, and its expression is activated in most myeloid leukemia patients with, as well as in a minority of patients without, 3q26 rearrangements. A splice variant of this gene, MDS1/EVI1, acts as its antagonist at least in some tissue culture assays. We established real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTQ‐RT‐PCR) assays for these mRNA variants to compare their expression levels in a quantitatively reliable manner. EVI1 was overexpressed to highly variable extents in all patients with, as well as in 14% of patients without, 3q26 rearrangements. In some of these samples, MDS1/EVI1 was also transcribed at elevated levels compared to those of healthy controls. However, although the induction of MDS1/EVI1 was comparable to, or higher than, that of EVI1 in three of five samples with a normal EVI1 locus, this was true for only two of 13 patients with a 3q26 aberration. We further provide preliminary evidence that the RTQ‐RT‐PCR assay may be useful for disease monitoring in patients overexpressing EVI1. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.