Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Study Of Traditional And Mechanized Efficiency On Orange Harvest Within Use Of Abscission Material

The orange fruit harvesting in Iran is carried out manually due to unavailability of the mechanization systems which increases the production costs. Systematic investigation of the factors which could lead to higher productivity in the agro-inputs and sustainability of the production system becomes paramount. Therefore, the targets of this research were carried out on sweet orange to comparison mechanized harvest method to traditional hand picked up method. A factorial Completely Randomized Design in three replication was used, treatment on mechanized method was: two types of sprayer Mist Blower and one hundred litters sprayer with lance types and abscission material at three levels of 400 ppm, 800ppm and 1000 ppm and the independents variables were: fruit harvest efficiency, fruit harvest percentage, fruit detachment force in two stage (three and six days after spraying). Variance analysis and means comparison showed, there is significant difference among harvest treatments at the level of 1% and the type of sprayer is not significant, but the effect of abscission material density was significant at 1% and the most harvest percentage 90.38 % within 1000 ppm of abscission material treatment and the least was 76.8 % within 400 ppm and harvest treatment efficiency at 1% was significant, means, mechanized harvesting within abscission material increased harvest efficiency up to 71 %. but the effect of sprayer type and abscission material density and their interaction was not significant. The fruit detachment force at two stages (three and six days after Ethephone sprayed) at the level of 1% was significant, and reduced it 84 and 97% at the first and second stages in order. The effect of type sprayer on fruit detachment force at two stages at the level 1% was significant, and the one hundred litters sprayer with lance due to better spraying and penetrated abscission on fruits, reduced fruit detachment force 59 and 66 percent in order in comparison to Mist Blower spryer. The effect of abscission material density and their interaction at the level of 1% was significant, and 1000 ppm and 400 ppm at the first stage of spraying reduced fruit detachment force 57% and at the second stage 72% in order, and the one hundred litters sprayer with lance within 1000 ppm bearded the least and Mist Blower spryer within 400 ppm bearded maximum fruit detachment fruit reduced and were 78 % and 90% in order. The total soluble solid in all treatments were also measured in juice quality, no significant different was seen. Regarding to conclusion best treatment in this research is applying shaker machine and Ethephon within 1000 ppm and one hundred litters sprayer with lance witch is recommend able to orchards owners.
Prognostic Significance of COX-2 and VEGF in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer is signifcantly on the rise all over the world, hence, how to treat breast cancer, correctively evaluate the prognosis and find the postoperative recurrence of patients with breast cancer have been paid attention by more and more scholars all over the world. Biomarkers such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tissue c an be used as prognostic factors in many malignancies. To analyze the relationship be tween the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF and clinicopathological features in br east cancer, we examined the expressions and clinical significance of COX-2 and VEG F in breast carcinom tissue (n=128), and their relationships with chemosensitivity in breast carcinoma (n=52). The study demonstrated that before and after chemotherapy, the expression of COX-2 had changed significantly from 68.75% down to 33.56% (P 0.05). The over-expression of COX-2 and VEGF might be important biological markers for invasion and metastasis of breast carcinomas. COX-2 can be used as predictors of breast cancer c hemosensitivity to help develop individualized chemotherapy.
Exchange Rates and Non-Linear Dynamics in Output: Evidence from Bulgaria

This paper assesses the effect of changes in real exchange rates on output growth by applying a smooth transition regression (STR) model in the case of Bulgaria – a European Union accession country. The nonlinear estimation technique employed here offers more flexibility in terms of allowing for possible asymmetric effects of real appreciations on growth, contingent upon the behavior of relevant economic variables. The nonlinear model reveals that real appreciations have helped growth in Bulgaria for most of the period 1994-2004. Real appreciations can turn contractionary only under excessive real money growth, which has occurred only sporadically.
Earthquake-Induced Landslide Mapping for the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake Using PALSAR-2 Data

Timely information about landslides during or immediately after an event is an invaluable source for emergency response and management. Using an active sensor, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can capture images of the earth’s surface regardless of weather conditions and may provide a solution to the problem of mapping landslides when clouds obstruct optical imaging. The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (Mw 6.6) and its aftershocks not only caused major damage with severe loss of life and property but also induced many landslides across the area. To gain a better understanding of the landslides induced by this earthquake, we proposed a method of landslide mapping using pre- and post-event Advanced Land Observation Satellite 2 Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar 2 (ALOS-2 PALSAR-2) images acquired from both descending and ascending orbits. Moreover, the accuracy of the classification results was verified by comparisons with high-resolution optical images, and ground truth data (provided by GSI, Japan). The detected landslides show a good match with the reference optical images by visual comparison. The quantitative comparison results showed that a combination of the descending and ascending intensity-based landslide classification had the best accuracy with an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 80.1% and 0.45, respectively.
Accuracy of Household Reports of Medicare Managed Care Enrollment in the MEPS

We examine the accuracy of household reports of enrollment in Medicare managed care plans in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Our data come from a sample of Medicare beneficiaries in the 2001-2003 MEPS who were matched to their actual Medicare enrollment files. We find that households in our sample accurately report HMO versus traditional fee-forservice Medicare enrollment, although there is an upward bias in the reporting of HMO enrollment. This over-reporting appears systematic in the sample and any bias in behavioral analyses is likely to be small. Samuel H. Zuvekas Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Division of Social and Economic Research Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 Samuel.Zuvekas@ahrq.hhs. gov Phone: (301)427-1673
Factors Explaining the Spatial Distribution of Hillslope Debris Flows

Abstract The spatial distribution of 961 debris flows in the Upper Aragón and Gállego valleys (Central Spanish Pyrenees) was analyzed. Most were located in the Flysch Sector (with a colluvium mantle derived from strongly tectonically modified materials), between 1000 and 1400 m above sea level, on 25–35° gradients with sunny exposure. These gradients were either hillslopes covered by frequently burned scrubland, abandoned fields, or reforested land, confirming the influence of land use and disturbed landscapes on the occurrence of debris flows.
Pancreatic Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: What is known?

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone encoded together with glucagon by the proglucagon gene. It has been widely accepted that GLP-1 and glucagon are derived from distinct post-translational processing of proglucagon in a tissue specific manner. GLP-1 is produced in intestinal L-cells where proglucagon is processed by prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), while glucagon is produced in pancreatic α-cells via PC2-mediated cleavage. Nonetheless, emerging evidence has now demonstrated GLP-1 is also produced in pancreatic islets, although its concentration is much lower than glucagon. Further studies have shown GLP-1 production and secretion can be up-regulated by various factors, in particular, hyperglycemia and β-cell damage. The importance of locally produced GLP-1 in pancreas for β-cell function has started to be recognized. Similar to circulating GLP-1, α- cell produced GLP-1 can promote insulin secretion, protect β-cells and enhance β-cell proliferation, thus is vital for β-cell function. This review focuses on these recent discoveries regarding GLP-1 production in pancreatic islets and its action within pancreatic tissue.
and Are Less Differentiated Bearing Mice That Are Neither M 1 nor M 2 − Mammary Tumor Identification of a Subpopulation of Macrophages in

Systemic and local immune deficiency is associated with cancer, and the role of M2 tumor-associated macrophages in this phenomenon is well recognized. However, the immune status of macrophages from peripheral compartments in tumor hosts is unclear. Peritoneal macrophages (PEM) are derived from circulating monocytes and recruited to the peritoneal cavity where they differentiate into macrophages. We have previously shown that PEMs from mice bearing D1-DMBA-3 mammary tumors (T-PEM) are deficient in inflammatory functions and that this impairment is associated with diminished expression of transcription factors nuclear factor KB and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein. We now provide evidence that T-PEMs display neither M1 nor M2 phenotypes, yet exhibit deficiencies in the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and various proinflammatory signaling pathways. Moreover, due to nuclear factor KB downregulation, increased apoptosis was observed in T-PEMs. We report for the first time that macrophage depletion is associated with increased macrophage progenitors in bone marrow. Furthermore, T-PEMs have a lower expression of macrophage differentiation markers F4/80, CD68, CD115, and CD11b, whereas Gr-1 is up-regulated. Our results suggest that T-PEMs are less differentiated and represent a newly derived population from blood monocytes. Lastly, we show that transforming growth factor-B and prostaglandin E2, two immunosuppressive tumor-derived factors, may be involved in this phenomenon. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4800–9]
Spatially resolved electron density in the narrow line region of z < 0.02 radio AGNs

Context. Although studying outflows in the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have moved to the forefront of extragalactic astronomy in recent years, estimating the energy associated with these outflows has been a major challenge. Determining the energy associated with an outflow often involves an assumption of uniform density in the narrow line region (NLR), which spans a wide range in the literature, leading to large systematic uncertainties in energy estimation. Aims. In this paper we present electron density maps for a sample of outflowing and non-outflowing Seyfert galaxies at z < 0.02 drawn from the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7) and try to understand the origin and values of the observed density structures to reduce the systematic uncertainties in outflow energy estimation. Methods. We use the ratio of the [S II]λ6716,6731 emission lines to derive spatially resolved electron densities (≲50–2000 cm−3). Using optical Integral Field Unit observations from the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS), we are able to measure densities across the central 2–5 kpc of the selected AGN host galaxies. We compare the density maps with the positions of the H II regions derived from the narrow Hα component, ionization maps from [O III] and spatially resolved BPT diagrams to infer the origin of the observed density structures. We also use the electron density maps to construct density profiles as a function of distance from the central AGN. Results. We find a spatial correlation between the sites of high star formation and high electron density for targets without an active ionized outflow. The non-outflowing targets also show an exponential drop in the electron density as a function of distance from the centre, with a mean exponential index of ∼0.15. The correlation between the star forming sites and electron density ceases for targets with an outflow. The density within the outflowing medium is not uniform and shows both low- and high-density sites, most likely due to the presence of shocks and highly turbulent medium. We compare these results in the context of previous results obtained from fibre and slit spectra.
Assessment of Distribution and Composition of Quarry Mine Dust: Case of Pomona Stone Quarries, Harare

The study aimed at assessing the distribution and composition of dust produced at Pomona Stone Quarry mine in Harare, Zimbabwe. The source contribution to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 dust levels were quantified and their spatial distribution from the quarry to the receptor (community). The study also analysed the pH of soils around the mine, SiO2 and Al2O3 levels in quarry dust. Data was collected through direct observations, personal communications, experiments, soil and dust sampling and analyses. Dust sampling was done in January, April and August, to assess the effect of meteorological conditions on dust concentrations in two phases. Phase 1 was conducted during plant shut down (baseline measurements) while phase 2 was carried out during full plant operations (normal operating conditions), to assess the effect of quarry operations on the surrounding areas. Within the quarry production processes, crushing stage was the most dust emitting stage. Phase 1 dust results showed that both respirable (PM2.5) and inhalable (PM10) dust at all stages were below the legal limit, thus below 35 mg/m3 (respirable) and 180 mg/m3 (inhalable). Highest dust levels (209.9 mg/m3 inhalable and 69.01 mg/m3 respirable) were recorded in August, followed by April (206.9 mg/m3 inhalable and 67.52 mg/m3 respirable) then January (206.82 mg/m3 inhalable and 65.27 mg/m3 respirable). At all stages, highest dust concentrations for both parameters were recorded near the plant and decreased with increasing distance from the plant ( ranging from 209.9 mg/m3 - 19.41 mg/m3 inhalable and 69.01 mg/m3 - 14.23 mg/m3 respirable). This was attributed to the effect of particle size. August recorded the biggest area for both parameters falling within the non-permissible category, followed by April then January. The findings also revealed that the quarry dust contained higher levels of SiO2 (0.752 mg/cm3) which were 7 times higher than the recommended 0.1 mg/cm3 (NSSA). Low Al2O3 levels of 0.102 mg/cm3 were recorded and this was considered as environmentally safe. Soils were slightly acidic-alkaline and the t-test results at 95% confidence interval showed no significant difference between the results from site A and B (p = 0.526). It was concluded that quarry dust from Pomona had no significant effects on soil pH but possible health impacts on the receiving community. The study recommended that dust suppression systems such as water sprays, vegetation, air nets and enclosed production process must be implemented to curb dust emissions.
Part 1 : Spatial distribution and kinetic modelling of hardness and resilience

Bread staling is one of the most costly food deterioration processes. This study presents an in-depth, multivariate, statistical assessment of the differences in the staling process of white wheat bread as a function of storage time, usage of maltogenic α−amylases and spatial position in the loaf by texture measurements and non-linear fitting (Avrami). This study demonstrates the effects of anti-staling enzymes upon bread staling, where significant changes in the spatial staling kinetics occur. While the spatial development of staling is reduced in the outer crumb by anti-staling enzymes, the staling is retarded in the middle. The Avrami model suggests that this happens by two different competing mechanisms: one which increases the initial staling rate, and one which slows the convergence towards the limiting hardness. The two enzyme treated breads differed widely in early and ultimate resilience, despite the fact that they were adjusted to provide the same ultimate hardness.
The Roles of Innovators and Labor in a Schumpeterian Factor Endowments Based Model of Intra‐Industry Trade

This paper builds a model of Schumpeterian innovation and trade that emphasizes endowments of innovators and labor as a key factor in determining the pattern of trade. The model suggests a strong complementarity between intra-industry and inter-industry trade. The pattern of inter-industry vs intra-industry trade is analyzed using the Grubel–Lloyd index. The theoretical model predicts that the prominence of intra-industry trade is a nonlinear function of the ratio of the proportion of world knowledge domestically generated to the domestic share of the world labor supply. Strong empirical evidence for this key result is presented and implications are discussed.
The efficiency and quality dilemma: What drives South African call centre management performance indicators?

Orientation: Call centres have become principal channels of communication with customers. Therefore, companies attempt to reduce costs and improve the quality of their interactions with customers simultaneously. These objectives are often conflicting and call centre managers struggle to balance the efficiency and quality priorities of the business. Research purpose: This study explored the key performance indicators that drive management practices in the South African call centre industry in the context of the dilemma between efficiency and quality. Motivation for the study: The South African government has identified call centres as a method of creating jobs and foreign investment. Management practices affect centres’ performance. Understanding these practices will help to achieve these aims. Research design: The researchers used a web-based questionnaire in a survey with South African call centre managers in more than 44 different organisations that represented nine industry sectors. Main findings: This study indicated that the dilemma between efficiency and quality is prevalent in South African call centres and that efficiency key performance indicators drive management practices. Practical/managerial implications: The inconsistencies the study reported mean that South African organisations should assess the alignment between their organisational visions, the strategic intentions of their call centres and the performance measures they use to assess their call centre managers. Contribution/value-add: This study adds to the relatively small amount of empirical research available on the call centre industry in South Africa. It contributes to the industry’s attempt to position itself favourably for local and international outsourcing opportunities.
Phase diagrams of the multitrace quartic matrix models of noncommutative Φ 4 theory

We report a direct and robust calculation, free from ergodic problems, of the non-uniform-to-uniform (stripe) transition line of noncommutative $\Phi^4_2$ by means of an exact Metropolis algorithm applied to the first non-trivial multitrace correction of this theory on the fuzzy sphere. In fact, we reconstruct the entire phase diagram including the Ising, matrix and stripe boundaries together with the triple point. We also report that the measured critical exponents of the Ising transition line agrees with the Onsager values in two dimensions. The triple point is identified as a termination point of the one-cut-to-two-cut transition line and is located at $(\tilde{b},\tilde{c})=(-1.55,0.4)$ which compares favorably with previous Monte Carlo estimate.
Soil Moisture Estimation by GNSS Multipath Signal

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) multipath signals received by a geodetic-quality GNSS receiver can be used to estimate the water content of soil around the antenna. The direct signals from satellite to GNSS antenna are the most valuable signals in geodetic measurement, such as positioning, navigation, GNSS control network, deformation monitoring, and so on. However, the GNSS antenna also captures the reflected signals from the ground, which contain information of surrounding environment, so that useful information about the reflection surface can be inferred by analyzing the reflected signal. This technique is termed as GNSS-interferometric reflectometry. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data recorded by a receiver contains SNR component of reflected signals, which is related to the soil moisture of the ground. The changes of soil moisture content will cause the change of soil permittivity and reflectivity which are the key factors that make further change of the SNR of reflected signals. We used the measured data to evaluate the correlation between amplitude of multipath induced SNR time series and real soil moisture. An improved soil moisture estimation algorithm based on multipath induced SNR amplitude data is proposed in this paper. The performance of the proposed soil moisture estimation method is evaluated using the 15-month data recorded by PBO H2O GNSS station and a 14-day experiment in Wuhan, China. The experimental results show that the estimated soil moisture has a strong correlation with the real soil moisture and the estimation accuracy in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.0345 cm3cm−3 and 0.0339 cm3cm−3, respectively. Meanwhile, the application scope of the method is given.
Effects of volume and initial strength of medium on the growth, photosynthesis and ion uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlet in vitro

Single-node stem cuttings each with a leaf of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Benimaru) plantlets were cultured in vitro under photoautotrophic conditions for 24 days on full, half or quarter strength Murashige and Skoog liquid media (16 or 32 ml per vessel, or 4 or 8 ml per explant) in fibrous polyester cubes in 480-ml glass jars. The environmental conditions were 25 ±1°C air temperature, 7592% relative humidity, 12 mmol-mol-1 CO2 in the culture room during photoperiod, 16 hr•d-1 photoperiod, 170 μmol•m-2•s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and number of vessel air exchange per hour of 1.4. After 24 days of culture, fresh and dry weights, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate per until leaf dry weight and relative growth rate per day of the plantlet were enhanced, while percent dry matter was suppressed, with increasing volume and initial strength of the medium.The concentration of P in the medium was near zero g•m-3 on day 24 in all the treatments. The concentration of NH4 was also near zero g•m-3 except in the full strength with 32-ml medium after 24 days of culture. Uptake rate per plantlet gram dry weight of NO3, NH4, P, K, Ca and Mg over the 24-day period increased with increasing the volume and initial strength of the medium. Both the volume and initial strength of the medium, which affect the initial ion content, affected the growth, photosynthesis and ion uptake of potato plantlets in vitro over the 24 day period.