Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Foods Most: After 18-Hour Fast, People Drawn to Starches First and Vegetables Last

Comment. Because of the scope of this article, we report several overall estimates of in-hospital deaths with a first-listed and an any-listed PE diagnosis in the United States during 2001-2008 that were not available previously. The annual number of deaths ranged from 3600 to 5870 and from 14 870 to 18 560 among hospitalizations with a first-listed PE diagnosis and an any-listed PE diagnosis, respectively. Despite the decline in the overall case-fatality rate of hospitalizations with a PE diagnosis, we did not find a corresponding reduction in the numbers of in-hospital deaths, especially among those with a first-listed PE diagnosis. Although the exact reasons for the decline in case-fatality rates were unknown and may warrant further investigation, the decrease may be multifaceted and could be attributable to a combination of an increased number of PE diagnoses resulting from improved diagnostic techniques together with more effective treatment and fewer complications. Regardless of an overall decline in the case-fatality rate in hospitalizations related to PE during the study period, the annual number of in-hospital deaths remains relatively stable, especially for any-listed PE. As the US population is aging, reducing the number of in-hospital deaths from PE and improving patients’ quality of life are important clinical and public health goals and pose a formidable challenge for the health care systems. The decline in the case-fatality rate stabilized during the periods of 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 in hospitalizations with any-listed PE. Therefore, our results provide support for identifying and implementing effective preventive strategies among hospitalized patients. Our research has some limitations. Although we evaluated in-hospital deaths with a diagnosis of PE, PE cases may be underreported because (1) asymptomatic patients with PE and other comorbid conditions might be undiagnosed and (2) a misdiagnosed PE or a PE diagnosis was not made before death occurred. Nonetheless, our study represents an important effort to characterize PE-related mortality burden in US hospitals. In conclusion, the estimated annual number of inhospital deaths among hospitalizations with a diagnosis of PE remained relatively stable during 2001-2008, despite the decline in the case-fatality rates for the same period. Therefore, PE remains an important clinical and public health concern in the United States.
The FuzzyLite Libraries for Fuzzy Logic Control

Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) are mathematical models designed to control systems by means of fuzzy logic. Their simplicity, flexibility, interpretability, and handling of uncertainty have seen them applied to address different problems in a variety of domains. The seminal ideas of FLCs date back to 1965, and today there are more than 20 software libraries that provide such a functionality with different degrees of success. In spite of the widespread usage of FLCs, many of these libraries have not yet been thoroughly compared, hence raising questions about their correctness, performance, and accuracy when having to choose a library among them. In this article, we compare some of the most relevant libraries to design and operate FLCs, namely the FuzzyLite libraries, Matlab, Octave, and jFuzzyLogic. These libraries are evaluated on a set of 20 benchmarks that include Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno FLCs as well as different membership functions. Our focus is on the performance and accuracy of the libraries, but we also consider the number of features and the amount of source code documentation to rate their overall quality. The results show that the FuzzyLite libraries offer the most accurate results, the highest number of features, the second best performance, and the second most documented source code, thus ranking them first for overall quality. The next libraries in the rankings are Octave, Matlab, and jFuzzyLogic (respectively). Our analysis of results finds explanations for the differences in performance and accuracy between the libraries, which provides useful information not only to further improve their quality, but also for users to make better and more informed decisions when having to choose one.
A User ’ s Guide to an Early Warning System of Macroeconomic Vulnerability for LAC Countries

The object of this paper is to develop an Early Warning System of Macro Vulnerability for several Latin American countries based on previous work of Kaminsky, Lizondo and Reinhart (1997) and Kaminsky (1998). We build a composite leading indicator that signals macroeconomic vulnerability, showing that, historically, crises tend to happen in these “vulnerable” situations. The main differences with Kaminsky’s approach are, 1) we use a reduced set of variables to generate the signals, 2) the variables were first aggregated and then the signal was issued depending on the behavior of the composite index, as opposed to Kaminsky’s procedure of generating signals with each individual variable and then aggregating these. The results are very satisfactory on the statistical and operational fronts: on the statistical side, Type I and Type II errors are smaller than those reported in previous papers. Operationally, this system of leading indicators is less costly to maintain given the reduced set of primary variables involved, their wide-spread availability and the timeliness with which they are reported. The models’ out-of-sample predictive ability are tested with plenty of crises cases occurring after the first stage of this project was finished: Colombia (September, 1998), Brazil (January, 1999), and Ecuador (February,1999). All the cases were correctly anticipated by the signals of vulnerability issued by the models. Additionally, Mexico’s models , estimated with information available two years before the crisis, show that these signaling devices would have been useful anticipating the 1994 crisis.
Performance Comparison of 1200 V 100 A SiC MOSFET and 1200 V 100 A Silicon IGBT

This paper presents the characteristics of the first commercial 1200V 100A SiC MOSFET module and compares it with state-of-the-art silicon IGBT with the same rating. The results show that the 1200V SiC MOSFET has faster switching speed and much lower loss compared with silicon IGBT. Moreover, the silicon IGBT switching loss will increase significantly for higher operation temperature, while the SiC MOSFET switching loss is almost the same for different temperature. A loss model has been implemented in PLECs in order to simulation the losses. An 11kW singlephase inverter prototype with 600V dc bus and 380Vac output voltage has been built for evaluating and comparing the SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT performance. The test results match with the simulation very well and show that with 40 kHz switching frequency the inverter efficiency can be increased to 98.5% from 96.5% if replacing the Si IGBT with the SiC MOSFET module.
Ablation for atrial fibrillation Catheter ablation restores decreased plasma miR-409-3 p and miR-432 in atrial fibrillation patients

CLINICAL RESEARCH Ablation for atrial fibrillation
Regulation of FOXP 3 Expression in Blood Cells in Response to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid , Interleukin 2 and Transforming Growth Factor β

FoxP3 is a transcription factor essential for the differentiation and function of T regulatory cells (Tregs). There are two major subsets of Tregs: natural Tregs (nTregs) generated in thymus and inducible Tregs (iTregs) produced in peripheral immune system. It has been documented that iTreg development is dependent on soluble mediators including interleukin 2 (IL2), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). In our experiments we performed a gene expression array, followed by Real-time PCR experiments, to study the expression of genes regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) or ATRA in cells of myeloid origin. Our experiments revealed that ATRA alone, but also a cocktail of mediators consisting of IL2, TGFβ and ATRA, upregulate the expression of FOXP3 gene in lymphoid cells, but also in normal and leukemic myeloid cells. The FoxP3 expression is followed by a phenotypic changes in cells of myeloid origin. Our results indicate that signaling pathways which are used in the late stages of T cell differentiation, are also active in the cells of myeloid lineage.
Hidden sources of joy , fear , and sadness Bogert

Music is often used to regulate emotions and mood. Typically, music conveys and induces emotions even when one does not attend to them. Studies on the neural substrates of musical emotions have, however, only examined brain activity when subjects have focused on the emotional content of the music. Here we address with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the neural processing of happy, sad, and fearful music with a paradigm in which 56 subjects were instructed to either classify the emotions (explicit condition) or pay attention to the number of instruments playing (implicit condition) in 4-s music clips. In the implicit vs. explicit condition, stimuli activated bilaterally the inferior parietal lobule, premotor cortex, caudate, and ventromedial frontal areas. The cortical dorsomedial prefrontal and occipital areas activated during explicit processing were those previously shown to be associated with the cognitive processing of music and emotion recognition and regulation. Moreover, happiness in music was associated with activity in the bilateral auditory cortex, left parahippocampal gyrus, and supplementary motor area, whereas the negative emotions of sadness and fear corresponded with activation of the left anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus and down-regulation of the orbitofrontal cortex. Our study demonstrates for the first time in healthy subjects the neural underpinnings of the implicit processing of brief musical emotions, particularly in frontoparietal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and striatal areas of the brain. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Genetic differentiation of Phoma sp. isolates using retrotransposon-based iPBS assays

Phoma blight is a disease affecting Norway spruce, Scots pine and other conifer seedlings in many forest tree nurseries throughout the world. Members of the Phoma genus, the causatives of this disease, are difficult to distinguish morphologically and genetically. In this study the use of a retrotransposon-based polymerase chain reaction approach using iPBS amplification for intra-species genetic discrimination between Phoma samples is described. Eight retrotransposon-based iPBS primers were used to genotype DNA from pure cultures of several Phoma species. The utilised markers were able to discriminate between Phoma species, but not all of them were able to differentiate all Phoma sp. isolates investigated. Belarusian samples were found to be distinct from the Latvian Phoma isolates. The Belorussian isolates were very similar to each other. A combination of three iPBS markers (2001, 2076 and 2242) enabled partial differentiation of the investigated Belarusian Phoma isolates.
The glutathione s-transferases ( GSTS ) gene polymorphisms in colorectal cancers

1Daciana N. Chirila, 2Mihaela D. Chirila, 3Smaranda A. Istoan, 1Bogdan V. Micu, 1Mihai S. Muresan, 3Daniel Gligor, 1Tudor R. Pop 1 Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2 Department of Medical Disciplines, Oradea University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania; 3 Vth Surgical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
EVALUATION OF THE CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA Linn.

Article history The present study was aimed at evaluating the wound healing effect of some solvent fractions of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata herb growing in the tropical rainforest region of Southern Nigeria using albino rats. The excision model used was adopted from standard procedures. Phytochemical constituents present in the pulverized crude extract and solvent fractions were determined following standard procedures while ointments containing the extracts and the standard drug (gentamicin) were prepared according to official specifications and evaluated for their wound healing effects. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and carbohydrates were the major constituents present. All the ointment preparations containing the extracts and various fractions showed significant wound healing activity (P<0.001) when compared with the pure ointment base (negative control). When compared with standard gentamicin ointment, none of the test ointments showed any significant wound healing action except that of acetone fraction which gave the highest percentage of wound contraction and the shortest epithelialization period. In conclusion, Chromolaena odorata harvested from Nigeria could be said to possess a significant wound healing property which could be properly harnessed in the formulation of herbal-based preparations for the treatment of topical infections and blemishes prevalent in the country.
Improving Vegetative Propagation of Mango Abdelatif

An experiment was conducted during three consecutive years (2010, 2011 and 2012) at the nursery of the Faculty of Agricultural science, University of Dongola, Northern State, Sudan, to study the effects of season of the year, selected pre-graft cultural treatments on scion graft take and subsequent scion shoot growth and development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Three pre-cultural practices were used; namely, defoliation, decapitation and a combination of defoliation and decapitation of the source branches of scion shoots. All scion shoots were collected from a single “Abu Samaka” tree during the winter and summer seasons of each year from defoliated, decapitated, and defoliated and decapitated branches two weeks prior to grafting. Ten-to twelvemonths old “Kitchiner” seedlings were used as rootstock. Grafted seedlings were kept under lath house conditions. Scions grafted during winter gave significantly higher percentage of successful graft than their summer grafted ones irrespective of the cultural treatment. Also all cultural treatments gave significantly high scion graft success relative to the control in both seasons with no significant difference between them. However, the highest percent graft success, the greatest number of scion shoots, the longest shoots, and the largest number of leaves were obtained with defoliation compared with the control or the cultural treatments tested. Both season and cultural practices tested had little or no effect on scion number, elongation and leaf number responses.
Understanding poverty persistence in Spain SERIEs-Journal of the Spanish Economic Association Provided in Cooperation with : Spanish Economic Association

The aim of this paper is to study the mechanisms behind poverty persistence in Spain. We examine the importance of past poverty experiences for explaining current poverty as opposed to observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity. Our results are based on the model proposed by Cappellari and Jenkins (J Appl Econometr 19:593–610, 2004a) that estimates poverty transitions while simultaneously controlling for attrition and initial conditions. We find that about 50 % of aggregate state dependence is genuine: poverty in a given year increases in itself the chances of experiencing poverty again in the future. The remainder is explained, among other characteristics, by living with a head of household who has no educational qualifications, being an immigrant or cohabiting with teenagers. Our findings call for a comprehensive and coordinated strategy against poverty that should focus equally on income-support policies and on enhancing those characteristics that best protect against economic hardship. From a methodological point of view, we learn that unobservables affecting initial conditions and sample retention are exogenous to those related to poverty transience. However, results prove to be sensitive to the choice of poverty line.
Part Causes of Inflation in Turkey : A Literature Survey with Special Reference to Theories of Inflation

Turkey has experienced high and persistent inflation for more than twenty years. This chapter attempts firstly to survey the extremely broad literature on theories of inflation, in order to be able to classify, understand and discuss the dynamics of inflation more carefully. In this chapter, it is mainly argued that inflation may be interpreted as a net result of sophisticated and continuous interactions of demand-side (or monetary) shocks, supply-side (or real) shocks, price-adjustment (or inertial) factors and political processes (or institutional factors). The second aim of the chapter is to compare the existing empirical studies on Turkish inflation, by considering their sample period, data frequency, empirical methods, modeled macroeconomic variables and main results. Most of the studies reviewed here seem to have focused primarily on demand-side determinants (e.g., monetary growth and budget deficits), and partially on some supply-side factors (e.g., nominal exchange rates and oil prices). On the other hand, the components, degree and effects of inflation inertia need to be investigated in more detail. In the future, the modeling attempts of the inflationary dynamics in Turkey would profit from the so-called “new political macroeconomics” because the role of the political process and institutions is not a weak explanatory factor of Turkish inflation.
Ageing and Moisture Analysis of Power Transformer Insulation Systems

Deregulation and strong international competition are forcing utilities throughout the world to cut back drastically the electric energy generation and transmission costs. Well established time-based maintenance by experienced maintenance staff as well as conservative replacement planning are being sacrificed now. Condition based maintenance by hired staff and online monitoring as an early warning system are gaining importance in insulation ageing assessment of power transformers in service. Insulation ageing is a four dimensional problem due to dielectric, chemical, thermal and electromechanic stresses, which are highly depending on operational conditions. All these ageing processes lead to the formation of water molecules. Therefore, water plays a key role for the ageing of oil paper insulation systems since water acts as a catalyst for the ageing process. Due to the complex nature of moisture migration a multitude of different analytical diagnostic procedures is required [1]. To date ageing and moisture can only be reliably detected by paper sample shaving at critical locations (leads, outer winding) and analysing these samples in the laboratory by Karl-Fischer titration and determination of degree of polymerisation. This paper presents the Polarisation and Depolarisation Current analysis (PDC analysis) as an excellent and nondestructive method for determination of the moisture content in the solid insulation material of power transformers. On the basis of this reliable information one can decide about further actions like on-site drying of the active part of a power transformer.
Prevalence of ESBL genes in ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Baghdad , Iraq

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The uropathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to different classes of antibiotics and their resistance to new generations of cephalosporins due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The aim of this study was isolation K. pneumoniae from patients with UTI also investigates the antibiotic resistance patterns and determines their association with ESBL genes. CHROM agar Orientation medium was used for rapid detection of K. pneumoniae from urine specimens and the identification was confirmed by VITEK 2 system. Out of 77 of K. pneumoniae isolated from UTI patients, sixty-six (85.7 %) were considered ESBL producing based on phenotyping ESBL detection by ESBL E-strip test. These isolates were then tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence or absence of bla TEM, bla CTX-M, and bla SHV beta-lactamase genes. The bla SHV gene was present in all isolates (100 %) followed by bla TEM (56 %) and bla CTX-M (4.5 %) genes. The most common ESBL genotype among our isolates was bla SHV and bla TEM (56 %). The most of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to Meropenem and Imipenem, 85.7 % and 75 % respectively, and showed 100 % resistance to Ampicillin, Cephalexin, and Ceftazidime. Also high resistance was recorded for the antibiotics; Doxycycline (90.9 %), Cefotaxime (85.7 %), Cefipime (85.7 %), Ciprofloxacin (83.1 %) and Kanamycin (77.9 %). In conclusion, most of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were multidrug resistant and the most prevalent gene was SHV-type. Investigation of ESBL-producing strains and the predominant ESBL genes in UTI patients are important for the selection of the most appropriate antibiotic for treatment and also infection control.
On the Relevance of Open Market Operations1

This paper reexamines the role of open market operations for short-run e¤ects of monetary policy in a New Keynesian framework. The central bank supplies money in exchange for securities that are discounted with the short-run nominal interest rate, while money demand is induced by a liquidity constraint. We allow for a legal restriction by which only government bonds are eligible. Their supply is bounded by scal policy that is assumed to be Ricardian. If public debt is dominated in rate of return by private debt, open market operations matter, and an endogenous liquidity premium and a liquidity e¤ect arise. Nominal interest rate setting (including a peg) is then associated with price level and equilibrium uniqueness, regardless whether prices are exible or set in a staggered way. Thus, the legal restriction overcomes indeterminacies due to an unbounded money supply, as implied by the real bills doctrine. Moreover, it facilitates constant money growth and interest rate policy to be equivalent. JEL classi cation: E52, E32.
Rail Freight Markets Fail to Attract Competition ? Analysis on Finnish Transport Policy

Since the beginning of 2007, EU legislation has encouraged member states to deregulate their domestic rail freight markets. While many countries have benefited from the resultant liberalisation, in others, markets are changing fairly slowly. The incumbent railway undertaking has a total market share e.g. in Lithuania, Ireland, and Finland. This paper analyses Finnish transport policy as well as the question why deregulation has not brought competition to the rail freight transport market. The research material was collected by using the Delphi technique. This paper illustrates that competition is expected in Finland, and there is a need for structural changes. Market inequality is manifested in access to incumbent’s services, governmental inactivity on market entry as well as in competition in general, traffic control organisation, and personnel training. This paper suggests that governments and governmental authorities should have an active transport policy in order to create a level playing field which could be a basis for equal and stimulating competition.
A Survey of $C^*$-algebraic Quantum Groups, Part I

We develop the nite-dimensional o-representation theory and dis uss the generalized Tannaka-Krein Theorem. The Haar fun tional (whose existen e is one of the major a hievements of Woronowi z's theory) is used to establish a Peter-Weyl type theorem for matrix elements of unitary o-representations. As opposed to the situation for Ka algebras the antipode is in general not involutive. This deviation is governed by a one-parameter group of automorphisms, whi h is also related to the fa t that the Haar fun tional is not a tra e.