Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Cassava Hay and Stylo 184 Hay to Replace Concentrate for Lactating Dairy Cows

Sixteen multiparous Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows in mid-lactation were blocked according to days in milk (DIM) and previous lactation and randomly assigned according to a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with four replications to receive four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments consisted of T1: No cassava hay (CH) or stylo 184 hay (SH) supplementation, supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2 (control), T2: Supplementation of 1 kg of CH/hd/d, supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2, T3: Supplementation of 1 kg of CH+SH/hd/d, supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2, T4: Supplementation of 2 kg of CH+SH/hd/d, supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:3. All animals received Ruzi grass from a cut-and-carry system as roughage source. The feeding trial lasted for 9 weeks. The results revealed that DMI of concentrate of supplemented treatments were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in the control, but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3. There was no significant difference in forage DM intake between the control and supplemented treatments. CP and NDF digestibility of supplemented treatments were significantly (p<0.05) greater than the control and there were no significant differences among supplemented treatments. Milk yield and 3.5% FCM (14.3, 14.5, 14.7 and 14.8; 13.9, 14.3, 14.3 and 14.6 kg/hd/d, respectively) were not significantly different among treatments. Milk protein percentage of supplemented treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control, but there were no significant differences among supplemented treatments. There was no significant difference in milk fat percentage between the control and supplemented treatments. However, milk fat percentage tended to be higher for supplemented animals as compared to the control group. There were also no significant differences in lactose, solids-not-fat and total solids percentages among treatments. Cows in supplemented treatments gave incomes over supplement cost (IOSC) of 2.72, 2.74 and 2.93 US$/hd/d, respectively which were greater than for cows on control treatment. Furthermore, IOSC were greatest for cows in T4 as compared to other treatments. Based on this study it was concluded that, feeding cassava hay solely or in combination with stylo 184 hay as a supplemental protein source could be a potential valuable strategy in small-holder dairy farming systems in the tropics. This strategic supplementation significantly reduced concentrate use, which resulted in improved milk yields and milk quality for the supplemented cows. Moreover, it resulted in higher economical returns through increased productivity and lower ratios of concentrate to milk yield, from 1:2 to 1:3. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 5 : 670-677)
Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of Local Shape Descriptors for the Classification of 3D Data in Precision Farming

Object classification in high-density 3D point clouds with applications in precision farming is a very challenging area due to high intra-class variances and high degrees of occlusions and overlaps due to self-similarities and densely packed plant organs, especially in ripe growing stages. Due to these application specific challenges, this contribution gives an experimental evaluation of the performance of local shape descriptors (namely Point-Feature Histogram (PFH), Fast-Point-Feature Histogram (FPFH), Signature of Histograms of Orientations (SHOT), Rotational Projection Statistics (RoPS) and Spin Images) in the classification of 3D points into different types of plant organs. We achieve very good results on four representative scans of a leave, a grape bunch, a grape branch and a flower of between 94 and 99% accuracy in the case of supervised classification with an SVM and between 88 and 96% accuracy using a k-means clustering approach. Additionally, different distance measures and the influence of the number of cluster centres are examined.
Service and Humility in Leadership: Intriguing Theories, but Do They Actually Produce Results?

This study investigates follower perceptions of bosses. The first perception to examine is the relationship between performance results of the boss and three leadership types: transformational leadership, Level 5 leadership, and servant leadership. Extensive research has shown a consistent positive relationship between transformational leadership and performance results, but there is a dearth of empirical research on servant and Level 5 leadership. Surveys were completed by 267 employees, or followers, that resulted in scores for transformational leadership, servant leadership, and Level 5 leadership, as well as the followers’ perception of boss performance results. The data show that all three leadership types were statistically significant in predicting boss performance results. Although Level 5, servant leadership, and transformational leadership are different constructs and are theoretically different, there was a strong and statistically significant correlation in the followers’ perception of each of these leadership types.
Comparative Study between Serological and Molecular Methods for Diagnosis Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

The purpose of this study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of modified serological and molecular tools for the detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). The study was evaluated using 100 samples of known status blood samples (50 positive and 50 negative), blood sera samples were tested to detect antigens of (BVDV) by using (IDEXX, Herd Check BVDV Ag/Serum Plus) ELISA test and real-time PCR assay were modified to detect the RNA of BVDV in fresh blood samples. The presences of antigens of BVDV in sera were detected in all positive samples by ELISA test, and RT-PCR assay could detect RNA in all positive samples. In conclusion, these serological and molecular tools have % 100 specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis BVDV.
Studies on effect of polymer seed coating, nanoparticles and hydro priming on seedling characters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed

A laboratory study was undertaken to know the effect of seed polymer coating, nanoparticles (NPs) Zn, Fe at different concentration (10 and 25 ppm), ZnSO4, FeSO4 (100 and 500 ppm) and hydropriming with different durations (6 and 12 hrs.) on seedling characters of chickpea seed. At the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. Among the treatments seed polymer coating with Fe NPs at 25 ppm recorded significantly higher seed germination (87.25%), speed of germination (86.75%), seedling root length (19.36cm), seedling shoot length (12.98), seedling length (32.34 cm), seedling dry weight (1.54g), seedling fresh weight (7.90), seedling vigour index I (3234.00), seedling vigour index II (406.96) and lowest abnormal seedlings (2.50%) over their bulk forms and control followed by Fe and Zn NPs at 25 ppm. The hydropriming have positive influence on seed quality parameters of chickpea individually but the effect of priming method was found significant. Hence, from the results it is concluded that Fe and Zn NPs at 25 ppm can be used to enhance quality of the chickpea seed.
Comparison between the reference Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 and the native Rhizobium etli 12a3 for some nitrogen fixation parameters in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water stress

Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth; in particular, water is regarded as a major problem in symbiotic nitrogen fixation for legume growth. The adverse effects of water stress on the rhizobial symbiosis of common bean genotypes CocoT and Flamingo were investigated in field conditions. Common bean plants were inoculated with rhizobia strains: Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 or Rhizobium etli 12a3, and grown under field conditions, plants were spray irrigated until the first flower was observed on set. Irrigation was stopped for 20 days in plants submitted to water stress. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used with polyclonal antibody to assess the occupancy in nodule of the rhizobia used for inoculation. Under water stress, a significant decrease in nodule population, nodules biomass, shoot content of nitrogen, growth and chlorophyll with all symbioses, whereas proline accumulation increased. The interaction between symbioses and water stress for all parameters was significant. Overall, 12a3 was more efficient than CIAT899 for Flamingo, though not for CocoT. It is concluded that symbiosis between Flamingo and 12a3 has potential for application in field under water stress in desert soil.
The Decision to Import Capital Goods in India: Firms' Financial Factors Matter

Are financial constraints preventing firms from importing capital goods? Sourcing capital goods from foreign countries is costly and requires internal or external financial resources. A simple model of foreign technology adoption shows that credit constraints act as a barrier to importing capital goods under imperfect financial markets. In our study, we investigate this prediction using detailed balance-sheet data from Indian manufacturing firms having reported information on financial statements and imports by type of good over the period 1997-2006. Our empirical findings shed new light on the micro determinants of firms' choices to import capital goods. Baseline estimation results show that firms with a lower leverage and higher liquidity are more likely to source their capital goods from foreign countries. Quantitatively, a 10 percentage point improvement of the leverage or liquidity ratio increases the probability of importing capital goods by 11 percent to 13 percent respectively. Different robustness tests demonstrate that these results are not driven by omitted variable bias related to changes in firm observable characteristics as well as ownership status. These findings are also robust to alternative specifications dealing with the potential reverse causality issues. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
EVALUATION OF THREE-WAY MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) HYBRIDS FOR YIELD AND RESISTANCE TO MAIZE STREAK VIRUS AND TURCICUM LEAF BLIGHT DISEASES

Maize, a staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and many other parts of the world, is affected by many diseases that reduce yield. Disease management has mainly been reliant on chemical and cultural control options. However, such options are unsustainable to the smallh older resource poor farmers and environmentally unfriendly. A study carried out at the Harare Research Station evaluated eight three -way and four commercial maize hybrids for yield and resistance to Maize streak virus using controlled leaf hopper infestati on and Turcicum Leaf Blight under artificial inoculation. The objectives of the study were to identify hybrids that have multiple resistance to Maize streak virus and Turcicum Leaf Blight and to determine the relationship between disease severity and yield performance of the hybrids. The experiment was laid out in a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with Disease type as the main plot factor while Maize hybrids were the subplot factor. Ratings of 1 (tolerant) to 5 (susceptible) based on streaked and blighted leaf surfaces were used. The hybrid 053WH54 had multiple resistance to Turcicum Leaf Blight and Maize streak virus. The hybrids 043WH61 and 043WH07 were high-yielding even at high disease pressure while 043WH41 and 013WH03 were relatively low yielding at low disease pressure. This showed the inherent genetic diversity of the hybrids. The hybrids ZS 225, 043WH61 and 043WH07 are recommended for production in areas with high prevalence of both diseases.
2 South Asian monsoon

As the word ‘‘monsoon’’ (derived from an Arabic word meaning ‘‘seasons’’) indicates, the South Asian (SA) summer monsoon is part of an annually reversing wind system (Figure 2.1c, d) (Ramage, 1971; Rao, 1976). The winds at low levels during the summer monsoon season are characterized by the strongest westerlies anywhere in the tropics at 850 hPa over the Arabian Sea, known as the low-level westerly jet (LLJ) (Figure 2.1d), and a large-scale cyclonic vorticity extending from the north Bay of Bengal (BoB) to western India known as the monsoon trough (Figure 2.1d) (Rao, 1976). The easterly jet (Figure 2.1f ) centered around 5 N and the Tibetan anticyclone centered around 30 N are important features of upper-level winds over the monsoon region during northern summer. Millions of inhabitants of the region, however, attach much greater importance to the associated seasonal changes of rainfall. Wet summers and dry winters (Figure 2.1a, b) associated with the seasonal changes of low-level winds are crucial for agricultural production and the economy of the region. The monsoon, or the seasonal changes of winds and rainfall, in the region could be interpreted as a result of northward seasonal migration of the east–west oriented precipitation belt (Tropical Convergence Zone, TCZ) from the southern hemisphere in winter to the northern hemisphere in summer (Gadgil, 2003). The largest northward excursion of the rain belt takes place over the Indian monsoon region where it moves from a mean position of about 5 S in winter (Figure 2.1a) to about 20 N in northern summer (Figure 2.1b) (Waliser and Gautier, 1993). In the upper atmosphere (200 hPa), the equatorial easterlies are weak and confined between 5 N and 10 S while the subtropical westerlies intrude all the way to 10 N during northern winter (Figure 2.1e). The subtropical westerlies recede to north of 30 N during northern summer and a strong easterly jet
Antimicrobial Activity of Six Different Parts of the Plant Citrus medica Linn.

Introduction: Antimicrobial activity of fruit juice and ethanolic extracts of root, leaf, bark, peel and pulp of citron (Citrus medica Linn., Rutaceae) was examined against seven bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris), two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and A. niger) and a yeast Candida albicans of clinical origin. Methods: The level of antimicrobial effects was established using an in vitro disc diffusion method; minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by standard agar dilution method. Results: All extracts and fruit juice showed varied level of antibacterial activity against one or more test bacteria. Antifungal activity was shown by only root extract and fruit juice while C. albicans was resistant to all tested plant samples. Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity was shown by fruit juice (MIC <1% to 3.5% and MBC 1% to 7% v/v) and fruit pulp (MIC 25 mg/ml and MBC 30 to 75 mg/ml). Root extract was found highly potent with MIC as small as 0.5 mg/ml and MBC 1 mg/ml against S. aureus. Among all tested plant samples leaf and peel extracts have shown less antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: It is concluded that fruit juice and juiceless fruit pulp extract have shown broad antimicrobial activity while root extract was very effective against some tested microorganisms.
Comparison of Teaching Styles: Traditional Lecture versus a Modified Interteach

Interteaching is an evidence-based instructional practice built on behavioral treatments, such as errorless teaching, to help students reach academic goals in higher education. This study presents a modified interteach session as an extension of research done with standard interteaching. In modified interteaching, sessions are divided into two classes per week, where the first class consists of the instructor giving an introductory lecture to material that will be assigned for students to read. On the second day of class, students work in small groups to first “drill” each other on fluency-based targets then complete comprehensive study guides derived from information in the assigned weekly readings. The instructor(s) travel from group to group to provide immediate clarification on confusing or difficult problems. We examine 28 point evaluation packet scores across modified interteach, traditional lecture, and online-only methods of teaching a higher education course. Results from this study showed that students in the modified interteach sections outperformed students in the traditional lecture and online-only courses. Modified interteach mean scores 24.86 and 24.39 while the mean score for the online only and traditional lecture courses were 13.20 and 13.21 respectively. These results suggest a needed shift in teaching methods in higher education from traditional lecture to alternatives such as our modified interteach method to increase student success.
The Reading Matrix

______________ This article raises the question of whether or not we can talk about such a thing as web literacy in general. Perspectives from media studies, literacy studies and the study of multimodal texts are used to find the main contextual parameters involved in what we might want to call web literacy. The parameters suggested are material conditions, domain, power or ideology and semiotic mode. These four factors, and their relevance for describing literacy on the web, are then further discussed by experiences from an empirical study of personal homepages. The results from this study are accounted for in terms of the literacy practices connected to the pages, the conceptions of textual norms among the users and in terms of the textual role played by writing in relation to other textual elements. In all these three aspects the personal homepage is highly heterogeneous. You find what might be call modern conceptions of texts as multimodal units, as well as more traditional writing. It is argued that web literacy should be understood as literacies, and furthermore as socially situated practices rather than technologically determined conventions of reading and writing. Thus, the parameter of domain (public-private, local-global, professional-“vernacular”) is of great importance. _______________
I STITUTO DI A NALISI DEI S ISTEMI

Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) algorithms are among the most successful approaches for solving large-scale hydro-thermal Unit Commitment (UC) problems; this is largely due to the fact that the Single-Unit Commitment (1UC) problems resulting from the decomposition, incorporating many kinds of technical constraints such as minimum upand down-time requirements and timedependent startup costs, can be efficiently solved by Dynamic Programming (DP) techniques. Ramp constraints have historically eluded efficient exact DP approaches; however, this has recently changed [18]. We show that the newly proposed DP algorithm for ramp-constrained (1UC) problems allows to extend existing LR approaches to ramp-constrained (UC); this is not obvious since the heuristic procedures typically used to recover a primal feasible solution are not easily extended to take ramp limits into account. However, dealing with ramp constraints in the subproblems turns out to be sufficient to provide the LR heuristic enough guidance to produce good feasible solutions even with no other modification of the approach; this is due to the fact that (sophisticated) LR algorithms to (UC) duly exploit the primal information computed by the Lagrangian Dual, which in the proposed approach is ramp feasible. We also show by computational experiments that the LR is competitive with those based on general-purpose Mixed-Integer Program (MIP) solvers for large-scale instances, especially hydro-thermal ones.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN COMPOSTING CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOST AS BIOFERTILIZER

Among the conditions determined by various authors for compost to be used as agricultural fertilizer are: pH 6-9, EC less than 3.5mS/cm, C/N ratio 26-35 and a GI above 80-85%. This study analyses three samples of composts with different percentage of vegetable waste, sewage sludge and sawdust. The samples were tested at the Transilvania University laboratory for 9 weeks and the test results fit the conditions mentioned above: pH 8.12- 8.57, EC 1.97-3.04 mS/cm, C/N ratio 25.9-32.8 and GI 128.6-189.5% for radish seeds and 100-182% for cabbage seeds. These test results along with the evolution of FTIR spectra of the compost samples confirm the potential for compost samples to be used as fertilizers in agriculture.
Postnatal Development of Bursa of Fabricius of Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

The present study was conducted on the bursa of Fabricius of Khaki Campbell ducks from day old to 4 th week of age irrespective of sex. The organ was located on the dorsal aspect of cloaca and opened in to proctodeum. It was cylindrical to elongated structure and off white in colour. The bursal weight, length and width increased significantly with age. Histologically, four distinct layers were detected. The follicle associated epithelium was lined with a layer of cuboidal to tall columnar pseudostratified cells. Bursal follicle had cortex and medulla which contained lymphocytes. There was significant increase in the number of plicae and cortical lymphocyte diameter with advancing age however, the medullary lymphocytic diameter decreased insignificantly. Post natal development of bursa indicated the maturity of cellular morphology with the increment of age. The most predominant age for functional competency of bursa appeared in 4 th week in case of duck.
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Luminosity functions by density environment and galaxy type

We use the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey to measure the dependence of the bJ-band galaxy luminosity function on large-scale environment, defined by density contrast in spheres of radius 8h-1 Mpc, and on spectral type, determined from principal component analysis. We find that the galaxy populations at both extremes of density differ significantly from that at the mean density. The population in voids is dominated by late types and shows, relative to the mean, a deficit of galaxies that becomes increasingly pronounced at magnitudes brighter than MbJ, - 5 log10 h ≲ -18.5. In contrast, cluster regions have a relative excess of very bright early-type galaxies with MbJ, - 5 log10 h ≲ -21. Differences in the mid- to faint-end population between environments are significant: at MbJ, -5 log10 h = -18 early- and late-type cluster galaxies show comparable abundances, whereas in voids the late types dominate by almost an order of magnitude. We find that the luminosity functions measured in all density environments, from voids to clusters, can be approximated by Schechter functions with parameters that vary smoothly with local density, but in a fashion that differs strikingly for early- and late-type galaxies. These observed variations, combined with our finding that the faint-end slope of the overall luminosity function depends at most weakly on density environment, may prove to be a significant challenge for models of galaxy formation.
An application of the performance-evaluation model for e-learning quality in higher education

The demand for e-learning in higher education is rising, competition is increasing, and universities are investing significant resources towards improving the quality of their e-learning offerings. Thus, effective quality measures for e-learning are urgently required. With the aim of following the total quality management practices of raising students' satisfaction and continuous improvement, a performance-evaluation model was applied in a sample of business students. The application of this model was useful for selecting the quality items that most urgently require improvement to achieve student satisfaction and for identifying the items of surplus resource investment, thereby helping to provide the means to minimise resource wastage. This way, an effective and efficient improvement plan to enhance the efficient use of resources in e-learning and to meet an adequate level of quality was established.