Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aversive Racism and Contemporary Bias

In the United States, the 1960s and early 1970s were characterized by significant societal changes. The Civil Rights Movement and social, political, and moral forces stimulated these changes to address racism by White Americans toward Black Americans and achieve the nation's historical egalitarian ideals. With the Civil Rights legislation and other federal mandates, it was no longer simply immoral to discriminate against Blacks; it was now also illegal. Surveys and national polls revealed significant reductions in overt expressions of prejudice among Whites toward Blacks (Dovidio & Gartner, 2004). This unprecedented change in race relations in the United States changed the nature of racial attitudes, from blatant to subtle, and consequently the study of prejudice in psychology (Dovidio, 2001). In other countries, similar normative changes have reduced blatant expressions of prejudice while more subtle, yet equally pernicious, forms of bias persist (see Pettigrew & Meertens, 1995). This chapter reviews the development of theory about contemporary forms of racism – focusing primarily on aversive racism – tracing the evolution of this perspective, describing key empirical evidence, and identifying productive avenues for future research. We begin by reviewing relations among different theories of subtle contemporary racism and discussing work on implicit prejudice and its relationship to aversive racism. We then consider the implications of aversive racism for interventions to reduce bias and identify promising new directions for research on contemporary racism, in general, and aversive racism, in particular. Overview of Theories of Subtle Racism The changing social norms and values shaped by the civil rights era posed unique challenges to the study of prejudice. Although overt expressions of prejudice and negative stereotyping have substantially declined, in part because of new normative pressures toward egalitarianism, privately held beliefs continue to reflect negative racial attitudes and beliefs. One effect of these new norms was that people appeared to more deliberately manage how others perceived their racial attitudes. For example, when expressing attitudes under conditions in which they were led to believe their true attitudes could be detected (e.g., bogus pipeline; Roese & Jamieson, 1993), Whites displayed significantly more negative attitudes toward Blacks than when they reported their attitudes under more normal conditions. This effect occurred, in part, because people normally consciously manage self-reports of prejudice and interracial behaviors to appear nonbiased.
Strength of Mechanically Fastened Composite Joints

A method is presented for predicting the failure strength and failure mode of mechanically fastened fiber reinforced composite laminates. The method in cludes two steps. First, the stress distribution in the laminate is calculated by the use of a finite element method. Second, the failure load and the failure mode are predicted by means of a proposed failure hypothesis together with Yamada's failure criterion. A computer code was developed which can be used to calculate the maximum load and the mode of failure of joints involving laminates with different ply orientations, different material properties, and dif ferent geometries. Results generated by the present method were compared to data and to existing analytical and numerical solutions. The results of the pres ent method were found to agree well with those reported previously. Parametric studies were also performed to evaluate the effects of joint geometry and ply orientation on the failure strength and on the failure mode.
The halloween effect: An evidence on Asian-5 countries from 2000-2014

XV CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH OVERVIEW . 1 1.0 Introduction . 1 1.1 The Development of Stock Market in Asian-5 Countries . 3 1.1.1 How Malaysia Develop its Stock Market . 3 1.1.2 How Singapore Develop its Stock Market . 5 1.1.3 How Taiwan Develop its Stock Market . 6 1.1.4 How Indonesia Develop its Stock Market . 7 1.1.5 How China Develop its Stock Market . 9 1.2 Problem Statement . 10 The Halloween Effect: An Evidence on Asian-5 Countries VII 1.3 Research Objective . 13 1.4 Research Question . 14 1.5 Hypothesis of the Study . 14 1.6 Significance of Study . 14 1.7 Chapter Layout . 16 1.8 Conclusion . 16 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 17 2.0 Introduction . 17 2.1 Review on the Relationship Between Stock Market and Volatility.17 2.2 Review on Theory and Empirical Work of Efficient Market Hypothesis . 20 2.3 Review Relevant Theoretical Model . 23 2.3.1 Random Walk and Efficient Market Hypothesis . 23 2.4 Review on the Halloween Effect . 25 2.5 Review on the January Effect . 28 2.6 Conclusion . 31 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 32 3.0 Introduction . 32 3.1 Data Analysis . 32 3.1.1 Model Specification . 33 3.2 Time Series Analysis . 34 3.3 Econometrical Methodologies . 35 The Halloween Effect: An Evidence on Asian-5 Countries VIII 3.3.1 Ordinary Least Square . 36 3.3.1.1 Leptokurtosis . 36 3.3.1.2 Volatility Clustering . 37 3.3.2 Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Test . 38 3.3.3 Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) . 40 3.4 Conclusion . 41 CHAPTER 4: INTEPRETION OF RESULT . 42 4.0 Introduction . 42 4.1 Testing on the Halloween effect – Overall Result (Halloween effect) using GARCH Test . 43 4.2 Testing on the Halloween effect and January effect using GARCH Test . 44 4.3 Testing on the effect of Outliers on Halloween Effect and January Effect using GARCH Test . 46 4.4 Testing on the Halloween effect before and after Global Crisis using GARCH Test . 47 4.5 Testing on the Halloween effect before and after Global Crisis using GARCH test by taking into consideration of January effect . 51 4.6 Conclusion . 54 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION . 55 5.0 Conclusion . 55 5.1 Implication of Study . 56 5.1.1 Managerial Implication . 56 The Halloween Effect: An Evidence on Asian-5 Countries IX 5.2 Limitation and Recommendation . 57 REFERENCES . 58 The Halloween Effect: An Evidence on Asian-5 Countries
Report from the Society for Women ’ s Health Research Current Challenges in Female Veterans ’ Health

Women in the U.S. military are technically barred from serving in combat specialties, positions, or units; however, since Operation Desert Storm, women have served in forward positions in greater numbers. This increased involvement in combat zones has resulted in exposures to trauma, injury, and a myriad of environmental hazards associated with modern war. Some of these hazards present new health risks specifically relevant to women who have been deployed to or recently returned from Iraq or Afghanistan or both. To address this evolving public health concern, the Society for Women’s Health Research (SWHR) convened a 1-day interdisciplinary scientific conference, with speakers and attendees from civilian, military, and veteran settings. The purpose of the conference was to reveal the state-of-the-science on the health of the female veteran and to focus attention on recent advances in biomedical research related to female veterans’ health. The following topics were discussed: mental health (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and depression), urogenital health, musculoskeletal health, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Uncovering historical signature of mitochondrial DNA hidden in the nuclear genome: the biogeography of Schistocerca revisited

Inadvertent coamplification of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) is a serious problem in mitochondrial systematics, but numts can also be a valuable source of information because they represent ancient forms of mtDNA. We present a conceptual framework of numt accumulation, which states that in a given species there can be two types of numts, synaponumts and autaponumts, resulting from integration occurring respectively before and after a speciation event. In a given clade, a species that diverged early can only have its own autaponumts as well as synaponumts that were already present in the genome of the last common ancestor. A species that diverged more recently may, however, have many different synaponumts integrated at each different divergence as well as its own autaponumts. Therefore it is possible to decipher the evolutionary history of a species based on the phylogenetic distribution of numts in a simultaneous analysis of numts and extant mtDNA. In this study, we test this idea empirically in the context of addressing a controversial question regarding the biogeography of the grasshopper genus Schistocerca Stål (Orthoptera: Acrididae), based on numts of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We find that our empirical data can be explained adequately by our conceptual framework, and that the phylogenetic distribution of COI numts reveals intricate evolutionary histories about past speciation events that are otherwise difficult to detect using conventional markers. Our study strongly favours the Old World origin of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria and the New World Schistocerca species are descendants from an ancestral gregaria‐like species that colonized the New World via westward transatlantic flight. However, the phylogenetic distribution of S. gregaria numts raises a distinct possibility that there might have been multiple founding events from Africa to America to give rise to the present‐day diversity of the genus. This is a case study for a creative use of numts as molecular fossils, and we demonstrate that numts provide an interesting and powerful phylogenetic signal, much more than what extant mtDNA or nuclear gene sequences might be able to provide.
Arc StormSurge: Integrating Hurricane Storm Surge Modeling and GIS

Arc StormSurge is a data model that integrates geographic information systems and the hurricane wave and surge model SWAN+ADCIRC, which is the coupling of the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model. The Arc StormSurge data model is a geodatabase, which is a relational database that can contain georeferenced information. It includes feature classes in feature datasets and tables, all related among them through relationship classes, and raster catalogs and grids. In addition to the data model schema, Arc StormSurge includes a number of pre‐ and post‐processing tools that help integrate spatial data and numerical modeling. As an illustration, Arc StormSurge was used to support the modeling of Hurricane Bret, which made landfall in the Corpus Christi area in Texas in 1999. By using Arc StormSurge, it was possible to take advantage of already available geo‐referenced information (e.g., base maps, land cover datasets, and monitoring station locations) for the model setup, and for identifying spatial patterns in the model results by presenting them in map format.
Methodological problems when determining verbal protocol accuracy empirically

The approach normally followed to provide an empirical assessment of verbal protocol accuracy is evaluated from a methodological point of view . Three classes of problems are identified with this approach . These pertain to : selecting and eliciting recordable behaviors, converting the observations into data and interpreting the data . Possible ways to deal with the listed problems are presented . It is emphasized that, when adopting the approach, verbal protocol accuracy can only be inferred rather than directly observed .
Heart rate vs stress indicator for short term mental stress

Heart rate variation (HR) being identified as depending on subjects’ stress state when submitted to short term mental stress, this study aimed at analyzing whether or not it could be possible to find a mathematical relationship between the average heart rate variation and the intensity S of a stress indicator in case of short term mental stress, whatever the stress indicator is. The method consisted in working the hypothesis by gathering data providing HR and ratio of frequency power of HRV (Heart Rate Variability) for different level of stress, HRV being considered as a stress indicator and presenting the advantage of being widely used in studies, therefore providing numerous data in the literature. From this data, a mathematical model was designed and then assessed by testing its reliability when applied to HR variation versus different types of stress indicators (EMG, GSR, Work Load, questionnaires such as STAI-S, ALES). The correlation obtained between the model and the data provided by the literature (24 points from 8 studies gathering 272 subjects) gave r=. 95 (p<.0001) which allowed us to validate the model. Limits of the model were identified and discussed.
Development of fragility functions as a damage classification/prediction method for steel moment‐resisting frames using a wavelet‐based damage sensitive feature

Fragility functions are commonly used in performance‐based earthquake engineering for predicting the damage state of a structure subjected to an earthquake. This process often involves estimating the structural damage as a function of structural response, such as the story drift ratio and the peak floor absolute acceleration. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to develop fragility functions to be used as a damage classification/prediction method for steel structures based on a wavelet‐based damage sensitive feature (DSF). DSFs are often used in structural health monitoring as an indicator of the damage state of the structure, and they are easily estimated from recorded structural responses. The proposed framework for damage classification of steel structures subjected to earthquakes is demonstrated and validated with a set of numerically simulated data for a four‐story steel moment‐resisting frame designed based on current seismic provisions. It is shown that the damage state of the frame is predicted with less variance using the fragility functions derived from the wavelet‐based DSF than it is with fragility functions derived from an alternate acceleration‐based measure, the spectral acceleration at the first mode period of the structure. Therefore, the fragility functions derived from the wavelet‐based DSF can be used as a probabilistic damage classification model in the field of structural health monitoring and an alternative damage prediction model in the field of performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Seçili Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Örneği (1992-2015)

Bu calismada, gelismekte olan secili yukselen piyasa ekonomilerinde (Brezilya, Cin, Hindistan, Endonezya, Meksika, Nijerya, Rusya, Guney Afrika ve Turkiye), dogrudan yabanci sermaye yatirimlarinin ekonomik buyume uzerindeki etkileri 1992-2015 donemi icin yeni nesil panel veri metodolojisi kapsaminda ampirik olarak incelenmektedir. Bu yonuyle calismada, secili yukselen piyasa ekonomilerinde dogrudan yabanci sermaye yatirimlarinin ekonomik buyume uzerinde teorik cercevede ongoruldugu gibi bir etkiye sahip olup olmadiginin ekonometrik acidan da incelenmesi amaclanmaktadir. Calisma sonucunda, inceleme doneminde Brezilya, Cin, Rusya, Hindistan, Endonezya ve Turkiye’de dogrudan yabanci sermaye yatirimlarinin ekonomik buyume uzerindeki etkilerinin pozitif yonlu ve istatistiki acidan anlamli oldugu, Nijerya, Meksika ve Guney Afrika’da ise dogrudan yabanci sermaye yatirimlarinin ekonomik buyume uzerinde herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadigi tespit edilmistir. Teorik ve ampirik literaturle uyumlu oldugu belirlenen bu sonuclar, dogrudan yabanci sermaye yatirimlarinin sermaye ithalatcisi konumunda bulunan yukselen piyasa ekonomilerinin ekonomik buyume performanslari uzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin mutlak olmadigini ve bu etkilerin ulkelerdeki yatirim ortaminin niceligindeki/niteligindeki bir takim ozelliklere gore degisme egiliminde oldugunu gostermektedir.
Diffusivity fractionations of H 2 16 O / H 2 17 O and H 2 16 O / H 2 18 O in air and their implications for isotope hydrology y

*Correspo Hebrew Israel. E-mail: e Contract/ contract/ yThis arti subseque was pub rcm.3233 identified We have determined the isotope effects of O and O substitution of O in H2O on molecular diffusivities of water vapor in air by the use of evaporation experiments. The derived diffusion fractionation coefficients adiff and adiff are 1.0146W 0.0002 and 1.0283W 0.0003, respectively. We also determined, for the first time, the ratio ln(adiff)/ln( adiff) as 0.5185W 0.0002. This ratio, which is in excellent agreement with the theoretical value of 0.5184, is significantly smaller than the ratio in vapor-liquid equilibrium (0.529). We show how this new experimental information gives rise to O excess in meteoric water, and how it can be applied in isotope hydrology. Copyright# 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Savings in Chile: What Went Right?

Some analysts rank Chile as the only Latin American economy that qualifies as a `take-off economy,` or development economy. In a sense, Chile`s enduring success and proved insulation from the `Tequila effect` are due to its high national savings. What has made Chile`s savings so high? What were some key policies implemented? Did the structural and liberalizing reforms of the late 1970s and 1980s have anything to do with it? This paper tries to empirically disentangle some of the puzzles with historical data that span the 1960-1995 period.
The Monotypic Sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: Their Taxonomy, Distribution, Stock Structure, and Zoogeography

This paper reviews the taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, biochemical genetics and zoogeography of the world's two subtropical sardines, Sardina and Sardinops. We conclude that both genera are monotypic and that the differences between populations of Sardinops in different current systems are not large enough to consider them distinct subspecies. Analysis of biochemical genetics information, fossil evidence, and present and paleo-climatic conditions suggests that Sardinops did not achieve its present distribution until the Pleistocene and that westward exchange of sardines via the northern and southern west wind drift regions is possible with present climatic conditions. Transequator exchange appears to be possible only during glacial maxima and only in the eastern tropical Pacific.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies of Hyphomicrobium spp., Hyphomonas spp., and Other Hyphal, Budding Bacteria

The levels of genetic relatedness of 19 Hyphomicrobium strains which utilize one-carbon compounds were determined by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization in solution under optimal conditions (S1 nuclease technique). Most of these hyphomicrobia fell into four groups with high levels of relatedness (level of homology within each group, 86 to 110%). These groups were only distantly related to each other (levels of homology between groups, 1 to 9%). Three additional groups of C1-utilizing hyphomicrobia were represented by only one strain each. In addition, the levels of DNA-DNA homology of four Hyphomonas species and 11 Hyphomicrobium-Hyphomonas-like isolates were determined. Seven of these isolates formed three groups containing two or three strains each; the level of homology within each group was 94 to 120%. These groups of peptide-utilizing strains were related to Hyphomonas spp. at a DNA-DNA homology level of 13 to 43%; thus, they represented new species of Hyphomonas. Four of the isolates had less than 10% DNA homology with either Hyphomicrobium reference strains or Hyphomonas spp. Strain B-1408 was distinguished by its DNA base composition of 46.19 mol% guanine plus cytosine, which is 14 mol% below the average base composition of Hyphomicrobium spp. or Hyphomonas spp. The levels of genetic relatedness of other hyphal, budding bacteria, such as Pedomicrobium spp. , genus F, Rhodomicrobium vannielii, and genus T, to Hyphomicrobium sp. strain MC-750 were too low to be evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridization techniques.
Moving Through and Being Moved By: Embodiment in Development and in the Therapeutic Relationship

Abstract Biological bodies play a central role in interpersonal communication, going beyond a metaphoric function and encompassing the mutual sensings that constitute neurobiological relatedness. In this account, emotions are not inner states that we experience only individually or that we have to decode in others, but instead are primarily shared states that we experience through interbodily affectivity, often without verbal articulation. We refer to these processes of embodied affectivity as “moving through and being moved by. ” Because meaning making comes from moving in the world and being moved by it, when we move each other, we participate in each other's meaning making. Psychoanalytic treatment can be viewed as the catalyzing of new capacities as patient and analyst move through the patient's most troubling vulnerabilities in increasingly fluent and flexible ways, as communicated most immediately through body-based interaffectivity. We further tie these processes of body-based interaffectivity to early developmental trajectories in the increasingly sophisticated understanding of other minds.
Monograph Pygeum africanum Pygeum africanum ( Prunus africana ) ( African plum tree )

Introduction Pygeum africanum, a member of the Rosaceae family, is an evergreen species found across the entire continent of Africa at altitudes of 3,000 feet or higher. It grows up to 150 feet tall. Interest in the species began in the 1700s when European travelers learned from South African tribes how to soothe bladder discomfort and treat “old man’s disease” with the bark of P. africanum. Pygeum bark extract has been used in Europe since the mid-1960s to treat men suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 2 Currently, Pygeum is the most commonly used medicine in France for BPH, backed by many double-blind studies pointing to its efficacy for reducing its symptoms. 3, 4
Taxonomic resolution of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig using molecular markers and re‐evaluation of its global distribution

Bythotrephes Leydig is a predatory, onychopod cladoceran native to Eurasia that typically inhabits oligo‐ and mesotrophic water bodies of the Palaearctic region. It recently invaded 70 North American lakes, prompting a re‐evaluation of the taxonomic status, global distribution, and determinants of local occurrence and abundance. European studies have reported two distinct species, B. longimanus, which lacks a kink on the caudal process, and B. cederstroemi, which possesses one. We employed sequencing of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in addition to Directed Amplification of Minisatellite‐region DNA (DAMD) using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) to assay the genetic nature of these ‘species’. These analyses revealed that the two taxa are consistent with a single, common species, Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig 1860, thus resolving the nomenclatural issue. Furthermore, a common haplotype was identified between Lake Ontario and Lake Puruvesi, Finland, suggesting a potential invasion corridor via the nearby Baltic Sea. Statistical analysis revealed that the two forms also occur in similar habitats in Eurasia and North America. Habitat characteristics of water bodies in Northern Europe, where both forms are found and occasionally co‐occur, do not differ statistically. Similarly, no significant differences were detected between characteristics of Eurasian habitats that support longimanus‘forms’ and those of inland lakes in North America that support cederstroemi‘forms’. Human activities have had a strong effect on the distribution of Bythotrephes in both Europe and North America. Global and local distributions have been affected by ballast water transfer and by boating and fishing activities, respectively. Cultural eutrophication, oligotrophication and acidification alter the suitability of habitats for fish predators, and may indirectly influence Bythotrephes’ local occurrence and abundance.