Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does distance matter? A study of married Indian women professionals staying away from families to pursue higher studies*

Abstract ‘Return to school’ for enhancement of career is considered a means to career mobility. However, if ‘return to school’ is chosen after a certain stage it has its own costs and challenges. It becomes more complex, especially for women, if geographical distance from family becomes an additional variable to it. Present study, grounded in Indian context, examines married Indian women professionals, who opted for geographical separation from their families (including, in some cases, infants and small children) to pursue higher studies. The study explores what spurs well-qualified married women professionals to take a career break and join a rigorous educational programme which requires them to stay away from their families for a substantial time. Key themes that emerged from the study can be categorised as motives: dissatisfaction with work situation, need for skill enhancement, and an urge to develop one’s own identity; facilitators: support and encouragement from spouse and other family members and age; challenges faced: psychological turmoil, strain on relationships, and financial stress.
Mineral resources endowment and economic growth in Southern African countries

This paper investigates the relationship between mineral resource endowment and economic growth in the Southern African economies - using a panel dataset of 14 countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) from 1990 to 2014. The empirical methodology involved the use of ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalised method of moments (GMM) as the estimation techniques. The economic growth model was analysed based on a modified framework from Mahonye and Mandishara (2015). The findings are that real growth in services, real growth of manufacturing, real growth of agriculture, real growth of mining, human capital development, infrastructural development, trade openness, and growth in foreign direct investment, were all important determinants of economic growth in Southern African economies during the study period. Therefore, Southern African countries with natural resources should encourage their development and not be concerned about the threat of 'resource curse'.
Hepatic steatosis is associated with increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C‐related cirrhosis

Chronic hepatitis C can result in fatty changes in the liver. Previous studies have suggested that hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The authors sought to determine whether hepatic steatosis is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of patients with hepatitis C‐related cirrhosis.
Relationship Between Pulmonary Function and Exercise Capacity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether the relationship between impaired pulmonary function and level of spinal cord injury would relate to lower maximal ventilation during exercise (Vemax) and hence reduced aerobic capacity. DesignPulmonary function and maximal aerobic capacity (V˙O2max) were assessed as measured by maximal oxygen uptake in 20 men with complete spinal cord injury (C5–T11). Static and dynamic lung volumes (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and maximum voluntary ventilation) were measured by spirometry. V˙O2max and Vemax were measured during a graded maximal exercise test on an arm crank ergometer. ResultsLevel of injury was inversely correlated with measures of pulmonary function, Vemax and V˙O2max. On the basis of the correlations, the authors constructed a path analysis to test whether level of injury indirectly (via pulmonary function and/or Vemax) or directly reduced V˙O2max. Akaike information criteria indicated that the strongest effect of level of injury on V˙O2max was via reduced Vemax. ConclusionsRespiratory capacity does influence exercise capacity in the population with spinal cord injury and may play an important role in delimiting aerobic exercise capacity.
The complete chloroplast genome of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) gives new insight into the evolution of family Gracilariaceae

The complete chloroplast genome of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was recovered from a Next Generation Sequencing data set. Without quadripartite structure, this chloroplast genome (183,013 bp, 27.40% GC content) contains 202 protein‐coding genes, 34 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 1 tmRNA gene. Synteny analysis showed plasmid incorporation regions in chloroplast genomes of three species of family Gracilariaceae and in Grateloupia taiwanensis of family Halymeniaceae. Combined with reported red algal plasmid sequences in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, we postulated that red algal plasmids may have played an important role in ancient horizontal gene transfer among nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes. Substitution rate analysis showed that purifying selective forces maintaining stability of protein‐coding genes of nine red algal chloroplast genomes over long periods must be strong and that the forces acting on gene groups and single genes of nine red algal chloroplast genomes were similar and consistent. The divergence of Gp. lemaneiformis occurred ~447.98 million years ago (Mya), close to the divergence time of genus Pyropia and Porphyra (443.62 Mya).
Global Customer Engagement

Advances in technology and analytics have stimulated competition in the global marketplace and augmented interactions among customers globally. It is therefore imperative for firms to understand the behavioral activities of customers around the world to keep them engaged. To do so, the authors recommend that managers familiarize themselves with countries’ cultural and economic factors. The authors use Hofstede's cultural dimensions and country-level economic factors to explain the national differences in customer motives while engaging with the firm. This study explains that national cultural dimensions exert an effect on the relationships in the customer engagement (CE) framework proposed by Pansari and Kumar (2017). The authors discuss and develop research propositions on the impact of the relevant cultural and economic dimensions that affect the various proposed relationships in the original CE framework. Through this modified CE framework, they introduce the concept of global customer engagement to help firms design marketing strategies aligned with a country's culture and economy to obtain improved CE and enhanced firm performance.
Ensuring the Long-Term Sustainability Cooperation with Stakeholders of Sports Organizations in SLOVAKIA

Organizations, nowadays, operate in highly dynamically-developing environments. This fact also applies to sports organizations, which are looking for various ways to succeed or survive in these environments. There are various solutions available, but from a long-term perspective it is important for sports organizations to think in a complex way. One of the solutions of this issue is to ensure the long-term sustainability and development of these organizations. The aim of this paper is to focus on strategic factors in the management of mutual relationships with stakeholders. The importance of managing cooperation with stakeholders is very high for the achievement of both short-term and long-term objectives. This paper presents, in addition to the results of research aimed at the cooperation of sports organizations and their stakeholders (425 respondents participated in the research), solutions to issues currently troubling sports organizations in this field. These issues include the lack of funds for the functioning of the sports organization, as well as the insufficient size of sports organization membership. Sports organizations cannot only reduce the intensity of these issues, but can also eliminate them by utilising selected key factors in the management of mutual relationships with stakeholders.
Evidence for Progesterone Receptors in the Human Fetoplacental Vascular Tree1

Abstract The presence of progesterone receptors (PR) throughout the human term fetoplacental vascular tree was investigated. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we showed expression of PR mRNAs in stem villi vessels, chorionic arteries and veins, and umbilical arteries and veins. Binding studies and Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of high-affinity binding sites for 3H-R5020 (promegestone) in cytosolic extracts of all placental vessels, with Kd values in the range of 2.5–4 nM. High levels of PR were detected in placental vessels compared to other vascular tissues. Thus, maximum binding capacities of stem villi vessels, chorionic arteries and veins, and umbilical arteries and veins were 247 ± 25, 377 ± 58, 295 ± 40, 371 ± 118, and 672 ± 144 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Endothelial cell elimination in chorionic arteries did not significantly modify the number of PR. RT-PCR and binding studies also assessed PR expression in cultured placental vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from stem villi vessels. All these data suggested that most of the PR of fetoplacental vessels were from the media. In conclusion, we report here the first evidence of the presence of PR in the muscular layer of human term fetoplacental vessels. This finding, together with the high progesterone concentrations in cord blood, suggests that the interactions between the PR and its ligand may play a role in the physiology and physiopathology of human fetoplacental vascularization.
An activating mutation in the PDGF receptor alpha results in embryonic lethality caused by malformation of the vascular system

Platelet‐derived growth factors (PDGF) and their receptors control cell proliferation, survival, and migration. To test the influence of an oncogenic mutation to embryonic development, a transgenic mouse line expressing PDGFRα (D842V) was established and analyzed. Most of the embryos die on embryonic day 12.5 due to massive hemorrhages in the trunk. In mesenchymal cells of mutant animals, proliferation is decreased while apoptosis is increased. Further analyses reveal that the aortic blood vessels are enlarged showing a reduced numbers of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) around the aorta. We hypothesize that the process of aortic wall formation is impaired, leading to subsequent rupture and leakage of the blood vessel resulting in death of the embryos. We speculate that misexpression of PDGFRα in SMCs causes failure of vSMC recruitment to the aorta. Developmental Dynamics 238:1064–1072, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Other-Regarding Preferences in the Loss Domain

This master’s thesis studies other-regarding preferences in the loss domain. Its basic aim is to find out if inequality affects valuations differently in the gain and loss domains. In the theoretical part, a model that integrates the parametric utility function of prospect theory presented by Kahneman and Tversky (1992) and the model of other-regarding preferences by Charness and Rabin (2002) is created and analyzed, and the following theoretical finding is made: diminishing sensitivity for losses seems to imply that corner solutions in which one of the involved parties takes all the losses should be preferred in the loss domain. A literature review of selected previous research on other-regarding preferences in the loss domain shows that existing studies provide conflicting results. Hence, in an attempt to shed more light on the issue, the empirical part of the thesis consists of an experiment that compares the results of symmetric dictator and ultimatum games in the gain and loss domains. The results of the experiment indicate that people prefer to divide losses more equally than gains, meaning that people seem to be more concerned with the payoffs of others in the loss domain than in the gain domain. The results do not seem to support the theoretical finding that corner solutions should be preferred. In relation to previous research, the results are in line with the findings of the later research on the topic, which shows that people put more weight on equality in the loss domain than they do in the gain domain.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia, like real estate: location really matters.

INTRODUCTION Previous work has demonstrated an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in trauma patients after prehospital (field) intubation as compared with emergency department (ED) intubations. However, this population was not compared with patients intubated as inpatients, making data interpretation difficult. We sought to further examine predictors for the development of VAP after trauma. METHODS A 10-year retrospective review of all patients mechanically ventilated greater than 24 hours after injury was performed. RESULTS In all, 1,628 patients were identified, of which 1,213 (75%) were intubated as inpatients and 415 were emergently intubated (353 ED, 62 field). Overall, those intubated emergently were younger (p = 0.03) and less injured as seen by higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores (p = 0.0002), lower Injury Severity Scores (p = 0.01) and higher Revised Trauma Scores (p < 0.0001). Despite a lower injury severity, those patients emergently intubated were more likely to develop pneumonia as 22% of ED intubations and 15% of field intubations developed pneumonia, as compared with the inpatient rate of 6.5%. Pneumonia after field intubation was more likely to be community-acquired (p < 0.0001) with a significantly lower percentage of infecting enteric gram-negative rods (p < 0.0001) as compared with the inpatient and ED groups. Forward logistic regression analysis (with VAP = 1) identified inpatient intubation as protective against VAP (odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI = 0.2-0.4). Backwards logistic regression analysis further identified both field airway (odds ratio 2.29, 95% CI = 1.1-4.9) and ED airway (odds ratio 3.61, 95% CI = 2.5-5.2) as predictive of VAP. CONCLUSIONS Compared with a population of trauma patients as inpatients, and excluding those patients mechanically ventilated less than 24 hours, patients intubated in the ED or field have a higher incidence of pneumonia, despite equivalent or lower injury severity.
The effects of mild, moderate, and severe exercise on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown a reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) from many means of exertion, ranging from walking to exhausting exercise in both normal and glaucoma subjects. The variability in their results may be due to several variables that can affect IOP significantly. PURPOSE To investigate the effects of common means of exertion on IOP in normal and glaucoma subjects, after elimination of factors that can affect IOP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The effects of walking, jogging, and running fast until exhaustion on IOP were noted in seven normal and seven open-angle glaucoma subjects. Intraocular pressures were measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometer during and after exercise. RESULTS The mean differences between before and after walking, jogging, and running exercises were -2.43 +/- 0.30, -3.85 +/- 0.55, and -4.0 +/- 0.37 mmHg in normal subjects. In glaucoma patients these differences were -7.72 +/- 1.25, -10.86 +/- 2.12, and -12.86 +/- 2.05 mmHg, respectively. After 5 min of walking and jogging, in all subjects, IOP decreased significantly (by 56 to 61% of total decreases). CONCLUSION Regardless of the means of exertion, in every subject tested there was a drop in intraocular pressure. Glaucoma patients had a greater drop and longer duration of post-exercise recovery as compared to normal subjects. It would seem reasonable, at present, not to discourage patients who have glaucoma from light exercises such as walking; perhaps, on the contrary, it should be encouraged.
The lymphatic and venous pathways for the outflow of thyroxine, iodoprotein and inorganic iodide from the thyroid gland

1. Baboons and cats were given radioactive iodine and, at varying times after the injection, samples of thyroid and non‐thyroid lymph and of thyroid venous and peripheral venous blood were collected. The radioactive material in these samples was separated by paper chromatography or by differential precipitation and solvent extraction into three main fractions: inorganic iodide, iodoamino acid iodine and high molecular‐weight material (retained at the origin of chromatograms and not extractable by butanol or ethanol). The latter was considered to be iodoprotein.
Do testing effects change over time? Insights from immediate and delayed retrieval speed

Retrieving information from memory improves recall accuracy more than continued studying, but this testing effect often only becomes visible over time. In contrast, the present study documents testing effects on recall speed both immediately after practice and after a delay. A total of 40 participants learned the translation of 100 Swahili words and then further restudied the words with translations or retrieved the translations from memory during testing. As in previous experiments, recall accuracy was higher for restudied words than for tested words immediately after practice, but higher for tested words after 7 days. Response times for correct answers, however, showed a different result: Learners were faster to recall tested words than restudied words both immediately after practice and after 7 days. These results are interpreted in light of recent suggestions that testing selectively strengthens cue–response associations. An additional outcome was that testing effects on recall accuracy were related to perceived retrieval success during practice. When several practice retrievals were successful, testing effects on recall accuracy were already significant immediately after practice. Together with the reaction time data, this supports recent models that attribute changes in testing effects over time to limited item retrievability during practice.
Metformin and Survival in Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives Our aim was to determine the effect of metformin exposure on survival in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using The Health Improvement Network, a primary care electronic medical record database from the United Kingdom (2003–2010). The study cohort included all subjects with a diagnostic code for incident PAC and a preexisting diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were classified as exposed if they were prescribed metformin around the time of PAC diagnosis (between 6 months prior and 1 month after). A secondary analysis was performed only on exposed subjects without prior (ie, 6 months before PAC diagnosis) exposure to metformin. The primary outcome was overall survival. The analysis was performed using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results The study included 516 subjects with preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus and PAC, 247 of which were exposed to metformin. In univariate and multivariable analysis, there was no difference in survival between those exposed and those unexposed to metformin in the primary analysis (hazards ratio, 1.11 [0.89–1.38], P = 0.367) or the secondary analysis (hazards ratio, 1.09 [0.80–1.47], P = 0.585). Conclusions Metformin use is not associated with improved survival in subjects with advanced PAC.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Confidence in the Management of Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office: A Survey among the Dental Students and Interns

Aims and Objectives: Many situations in the dental office can provoke medical emergencies. Lack of training and inability to overcome the medical emergencies can lead to serious consequences and legal actions. The aim of the study is to investigate and assess the knowledge, attitude, and perceived confidence of dental students and interns in the management of medical emergency. Materials and Methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed to 153 of the undergraduate dental students and interns in Qassim province. Questionnaire consisted of nineteen questions pertaining to knowledge and awareness regarding syncope, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intravenous drugs, measuring vital signs, and handling situation of aspiration of a foreign body, bleeding, and choking. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Fifty-seven percent was the response rate received from the questionnaire. Eighty-nine percent and 30% of the participants inquired about the medical history and vital signs before dental treatment, respectively. Only 37% of participants were confident to handle any medical emergency in the dental office. Seventy percent knew the correct location of chest compression and 67% were familiar about the right compression ventilation ratio showing significant difference between academic years and interns (P = 0.003). Females were significantly more aware about the management of bleeding after extraction than the males (65%, and 47%, respectively; P = 0.035). Thirty-five percent and 53% chose the correct management to relieve choking in responsive and unresponsive adult or child, respectively. A total of 28% of the participants reported syncope as the most common emergency situation. Conclusion: Participants were lacking confidence in handling medical emergencies even though the majority of them inquired the medical history. Most of them have a good knowledge regarding CPR, but regarding airway obstruction, the knowledge was not at an acceptable level. Annual basic life support and emergency courses should be mandatory in dental teaching curriculum.
Wolfram Syndrome in the Japanese Population; Molecular Analysis of WFS1 Gene and Characterization of Clinical Features

Background Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a recessive neurologic and endocrinologic degenerative disorder, and is also known as DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, early-onset Diabetes Mellitus, progressive Optic Atrophy and Deafness) syndrome. Most affected individuals carry recessive mutations in the Wolfram syndrome 1 gene (WFS1). However, the phenotypic pleiomorphism, rarity and molecular complexity of this disease complicate our efforts to understand WFS. To address this limitation, we aimed to describe complications and to elucidate the contributions of WFS1 mutations to clinical manifestations in Japanese patients with WFS. Methodology The minimal ascertainment criterion for diagnosing WFS was having both early onset diabetes mellitus and bilateral optic atrophy. Genetic analysis for WFS1 was performed by direct sequencing. Principal Findings Sixty-seven patients were identified nationally for a prevalence of one per 710,000, with 33 patients (49%) having all 4 components of DIDMOAD. In 40 subjects who agreed to participate in this investigation from 30 unrelated families, the earliest manifestation was DM at a median age of 8.7 years, followed by OA at a median age of 15.8 years. However, either OA or DI was the first diagnosed feature in 6 subjects. In 10, features other than DM predated OA. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) had a broad spectrum of recessive mutations in WFS1. Two patients had mutations in only one allele. Eleven patients (27.5%) had intact WFS1 alleles. Ages at onset of both DM and OA in patients with recessive WFS1 mutations were indistinguishable from those in patients without WFS1 mutations. In the patients with predicted complete loss-of-function mutations, ages at the onsets of both DM and OA were significantly earlier than those in patients with predicted partial-loss-of function mutations. Conclusion/Significance This study emphasizes the clinical and genetic heterogeneity in patients with WFS. Genotype-phenotype correlations may exist in patients with WFS1 mutations, as demonstrated by the disease onset.