Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of participants in domestic violence : Assessment at the scene of domestic assault.

Objective. —To evaluate the characteristics of victims and perpetrators of domestic assault. Design and Setting. —Consecutive-sample survey study conducted at the scenes of police calls for domestic assault in Memphis, Tenn, in 1995. Participants. —A total of 136 participants (72 victims and 64 assailants) involved in 62 incidents of domestic violence and 75 adult family members at the scene. Main Outcome Measures. —Participants' responses to a confidential survey and review of police records. Results. —Of 62 episodes of domestic assault, 42 (68%) involved weapons and 11 (15%) resulted in serious injury. Fifty-five (89%) of 62 assault victims reported previous assaults by their current assailants, 19 (35%) of them on a daily basis. Although nearly all assault victims had called the police for help on previous occasions, only 12 (22%) reported having ever sought medical care, counseling, or shelter because of domestic assault. Sixty (92%) of the 64 assailants reportedly used alcohol or other drugs on the day of the assault. Of the assailants, 28 (44%) had a history of arrest for charges related to violence, and 46 (72%) had an arrest for substance abuse. Eleven (15%) of the victims were children. Children directly witnessed 53 (85%) of the assaults. Conclusions. —Most victims of domestic violence who had called the police rarely used medical or mental health facilities for problems related to family violence despite frequent assaults. Victims and assailants were willing to discuss their histories of family violence and undergo assessments at the scenes of police calls.
Loss of Pediatric Kidney Grafts During the “High–Risk Age Window”: Insights From Pediatric Liver and Simultaneous Liver–Kidney Recipients

Pediatric kidney transplant recipients experience a high–risk age window of increased graft loss during late adolescence and early adulthood that has been attributed primarily to sociobehavioral mechanisms such as nonadherence. An examination of how this age window affects recipients of other organs may inform the extent to which sociobehavioral mechanisms are to blame or whether kidney‐specific biologic mechanisms may also exist. Graft loss risk across current recipient age was compared between pediatric kidney (n = 17,446), liver (n = 12,161) and simultaneous liver–kidney (n = 224) transplants using piecewise‐constant hazard rate models. Kidney graft loss during late adolescence and early adulthood (ages 17–24 years) was significantly greater than during ages <17 (aHR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.69–1.90, p < 0.001) and ages >24 (aHR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03–1.20, p = 0.005). In contrast, liver graft loss during ages 17–24 was no different than during ages <17 (aHR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.92–1.16, p = 0.6) or ages >24 (aHR = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.98–1.42, p = 0.1). In simultaneous liver–kidney recipients, a trend towards increased kidney compared to liver graft loss was observed during ages 17–24 years. Late adolescence and early adulthood are less detrimental to pediatric liver grafts compared to kidney grafts, suggesting that sociobehavioral mechanisms alone may be insufficient to create the high–risk age window and that additional biologic mechanisms may also be required.
Interleukin 21: a cytokine/cytokine receptor system that has come of age

Interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) and its receptor represent the sixth cytokine system whose actions were recognized to require the common cytokine receptor γ chain. IL‐21 is produced by activated CD4+ T cells, natural killer T cells, and follicular T helper cells and has actions on a range of lymphohematopoietic lineages. Among its many effects, IL‐21 serves a critical role for immunoglobulin production and terminal B cell differentiation, acts as a T cell comitogen and can drive the expansion of CD8+ T cells, can negatively regulate dendritic cell function and plays an essential role in the differentiation of Th17 cells. Importantly, IL‐21 is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and exhibits potent actions as an antitumor agent. The ability to regulate and manipulate the actions of IL‐21, therefore, has important implications for immunoregulation and the therapy of human disease.
Hypoglycemia and faecal minerals in rats fed phytate

In this study, phytic acid was extracted from Jamaican sweet potato, which has been reported to contain a high phytic acid to zinc ratio and fed to Wistar rats for three weeks. Animals were then sacrificed and blood glucose, intestinal amylase activity and faecal minerals were determined. Blood glucose levels in all the groups fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid were reduced compared to their controls. This lowering was more pronounced in the groups fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid plus zinc supplement. Faecal zinc was significantly higher in the groups fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato compared to the controls in weeks 1 and 2. Supplementation of the diets with phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid resulted in an increase in the faecal output of iron except for the group that was fed commercial phytic acid plus zinc. Overall, the supplementation of the rat diet with phytic acid extract from sweet potato resulted in a general increase in the output of these faecal minerals.
Histamine‐releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein (HRF/TCTP)‐induced histamine release is enhanced with SHIP‐1 knockdown in cultured human mast cell and basophil models

Previously, we demonstrated a negative correlation between histamine release to histamine‐releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein (HRF/TCTP) and protein levels of SHIP‐1 in human basophils. The present study was conducted to investigate whether suppressing SHIP‐1 using small interfering (si)RNA technology would alter the releasability of culture‐derived mast cells and basophils, as determined by HRF/TCTP histamine release. Frozen CD34+ cells were obtained from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Seattle, WA, USA). Cells were grown in StemPro‐34 medium containing cytokines: mast cells with IL‐6 and stem cell factor (100 ng/ml each) for 6–8 weeks and basophils with IL‐3 (6.7 ng/ml) for 2–3 weeks. siRNA transfections were performed during Week 6 for mast cells and Week 2 for basophils with siRNA for SHIP‐1 or a negative control siRNA. Changes in SHIP‐1 expression were determined by Western blot. The functional knockdown was measured by HRF/TCTP‐induced histamine release. siRNA knockdown of SHIP‐1 in mast cells ranged from 31% to 82%, mean 65 ± 12%, compared with control (n=4). Histamine release to HRF/TCTP was increased only slightly in two experiments. SHIP‐1 knockdown in basophils ranged from 34% to 69%, mean 51.8 ± 7% (n=4). Histamine release to HRF/TCTP in these basophils was dependent on the amount of SHIP knockdown. Mast cells and basophils derived from CD34+ precursor cells represent suitable models for transfection studies. Reducing SHIP‐1 protein in cultured mast cells and in cultured basophils increases releasability of the cells.
List and Liver Transplant Survival According to Waiting Time in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The time that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can safely remain on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LT) is unknown. We investigated whether waiting time on the list impacts transplant survival of HCC candidates and transplant recipients. This is a single‐center retrospective study of 283 adults with HCC. Patients were divided in groups according to waiting‐list time. The main endpoint was survival. The median waiting time for LT was 4.9 months. The dropout rates at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months were 6.4%, 12.4%, and 17.7%, respectively. Mortality on the list was 4.8%, but varied depending of the time on the list. Patients who waited less than 3‐months had an inferior overall survival when compared to the other groups (p = 0.027). Prolonged time on the list significantly reduced mortality in this analysis (p = 0.02, HR = 0.28). Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score at transplantation did also independently impact overall survival (p = 0.03, HR = 1.06). MELD was the only factor that independently impacted posttransplant survival (p = 0.048, HR = 1.05). We conclude that waiting time had no relation with posttransplant survival. It is beneficial to prolong the waiting list time for HCC candidates without having a negative impact in posttransplant survival.
Degradation analysis of datapath logic subblocks under NBTI aging in FinFET technology

Reliability of advanced deeply scaled CMOS technologies is being threatened by time-dependent degradation mechanisms such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) phenomenon that cause workload-dependent shifts on a transistor's threshold voltage (Vth), and performance during its lifetime. In this study, NBTI related performance degradation of datapath logic subblocks (i.e. adder, multiplier, shifter, mux-demux) are investigated in relation to workload dependency, and architectural topology at 10nm FinFET technology. A workload-dependent, NBTI aging-aware digital design flow was developed within the industry standard EDA tool chain. NBTI model is based on the measured Capture and Emission Time (CET) maps, and scaled to 10nm node. Static Timing Analysis (STA) is performed to evaluate the performance degradation at 3σ corner. Results on datapath subblocks under NBTI aging after 3 years show a performance loss up to 16.7%. NBTI aging results in the replacement of the time-zero critical path by a non-critical path during a circuit's lifetime, and it can be significantly high as 91%. Finally, the correlation between aging sensitivity to workload variations, and architectural parameters are shown, and it can vary 12×, and 9×, respectively.
Health commodities management system: priorities and challenges

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore opinions of health workers on priorities and challenges of the HIV/AIDS commodities management system in Abuja, Nigeria. The results from this research are to inform future guideline revisions on the management of these commodities, in order to produce the most efficient and cost‐effective approach.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research was conducted from a social constructionist perspective. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 12 health workers, comprising pharmacists, laboratory scientists and logisticians involved in HIV/AIDS commodity management in Abuja, Nigeria. Views and experiences of these workers were explored on HIV/AIDS commodity management through in‐depth interviews, to ascertain challenges of the current system and needed interventions. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis.Findings – Results of the study include the need for coordinated and integrated health commodity management system, sustainable human reso.
Electromechanical impedance method to assess dental implant stability

The stability of a dental implant is a prerequisite for supporting a load-bearing prosthesis and establishment of a functional bone–implant system. Reliable and noninvasive methods able to assess the bone interface of dental and orthopedic implants (osseointegration) are increasingly demanded for clinical diagnosis and direct prognosis. In this paper, we propose the electromechanical impedance method as a novel approach for the assessment of dental implant stability. Nobel Biocare® implants with a size of 4.3 mm diameter ×13 mm length were placed inside bovine bones that were then immersed in a solution of nitric acid to allow material degradation. The degradation simulated the inverse process of bone healing. The implant–bone systems were monitored by bonding a piezoceramic transducer (PZT) to the implants’ abutment and measuring the admittance of the PZT over time. It was found that the PZT’s admittance and the statistical features associated with its analysis are sensitive to the degradation of the bones and can be correlated to the loss of calcium measured by means of the atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The present study shows promising results and may pave the road towards an innovative approach for the noninvasive monitoring of dental implant stability and integrity.
Biocompatibility of vitallium as ossicular reconstruction material in the middle ear: experimental animal study

Conclusion Although long-term data will be necessary for confirmation, the result of this preliminary study indicates that vitallium may be a good alternative material for ossicular replacement prostheses in the middle ear. Objectives To investigate the biocompatibility of vitallium (Co–Cr–Mo) as ossicular reconstruction material in the rabbit middle ear, and to compare the results with those obtained with titanium, well known as a highly biocompatible material, and non-implanted control groups. Material and methods Eighteen female New Zealand White rabbits were anesthetized. The tympanomeatal flap was elevated and 12 vitallium and 12 titanium implants were placed in the bulla away from the ossicles in 24 middle ears. Six rabbits were used as non-implanted controls. All animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia on the 180th day after implantation. The temporal bones were removed, fixed in 10% buffered paraformaldehyde and decalcified for a week in EDTA. Tissue samples were then prepared using an Autotechnicon and embedded in paraffin. Sections (30-μm thick) were cut with a microtome, stained with hematoxylin–eosin, von Gieson's stain and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and examined under a light microscope. The numbers of lymphocytes, collagen fibers and FGF-positive cells were determined in all three groups. Results There was no significant difference in the numbers of collagen fibers between the groups (p>0.05). No significant differences were found in the numbers of lymphocytes and FGF-positive cells between the titanium and vitallium groups (p>0.05). The differences in the numbers of lymphocytes and FGF-positive cells between the control and other groups were found to be significant (p<0.05).
Identifying key strategies to promote positive mental health of young people in the state of Kerala, India

In the context of the shortage of resources to close the alarming treatment gap of mental disorders, interventions to promote mental health have become a priority of policy makers in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. In this paper, we document an attempt to identify key strategies to promote positive mental health of young people in the state of Kerala, India. Our results could be used for integrating the concept of positive mental health into public health interventions in the state. Focus group discussions among different groups of stakeholders were used to gather information about their attitudes, perceptions or opinions followed by a Delphi exercise involving policy-makers and experts to come to a consensus approach. In-depth exploration of possible policy options was made possible with the participation of experts in related fields using qualitative techniques. Findings from this qualitative study suggest that a life cycle approach may be helpful in identifying areas for possible effective policy interventions for promoting mental health in young people. Improving education and employment opportunities at a macro-level will have a positive impact on mental health. In conclusion, the promotion of mental health among young people should find a prominent place in health policies at national level.
Reduced Physical Activity Levels Associated with Obesity in Rural Hispanic Adolescent Females

the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Us adolescents has been increasing for the past two decades,1,2 and our recent data indicate that this prevalence is greater in rural populations.3 Rural populations may be at an increased risk for overweight and obesity as a result of a clustering of risk factors that occur more frequently in rural than urban populations, such as lower socioeconomic status, poor dietary habits, and limited recreational facilities and opportunity for physical activity (PA). 4 For these reasons, the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural communities could be partly explained by decreased levels of PA and increased levels of sedentary behaviors.5–7 Moreover, patterns of activity and inactivity can differ by ethnicity, with minority groups engaging in less PA and more inactivity than their non-Hispanic white counterparts,5,8,9 suggesting that inactivity is an important and modifiable determinant of overweight and obesity status. inactivity, in particular tV viewing, has been associated with obesity in children, adolescents, and adults.5,6,10–13 Although variations in activity levels can be partially attributed to complex interactions among socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural factors,6 the contribution of activity levels (either active or passive) to body mass in Hispanic adolescents in a rural community has not been examined. Although Hispanics generally engage in less PA,5 data associating activity level with body mass in rural Hispanics adolescents are lacking. therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the differences in activity and inactivity levels between non-Hispanic white and Hispanic adolescents in a predominately minority populated, rural area. A secondary aim of this study was to describe gender differences in these respects between non-His-
Entomofauna bioindicadora da qualidade ambiental e suas respostas a sazonalidade e atratividade

A presenca dos insetos possui grande importância ecologica relacionada a fatores ambientais, abrigo e reserva de alimento. A perda de identidade do ambiente, causada pela degradacao, proporciona debito de diversidade ecologica. Para avaliarmos a composicao da entomofauna bioindicadora no Parque Florestal Municipal em Boa Esperanca, MG, em duas estacoes do ano, foram realizadas 2 coletas quinzenais durante o inverno e 2 na primavera, utilizando meio de metodos passivos e ativos de coleta. Os insetos amostrados foram triados e identificados em nivel de ordem e de familia e acondicionados em potes contendo alcool 70%. Foram coletados 8.846 insetos subdivididos em 10 ordens. Dentro dessas ordens pode-se verificar 1 super-familia (Hespiroidea), 34 familias e 1 individuo nao identificado. A diversidade da entomofauna encontrada no o Parque Municipal Florestal da Sucupira demonstra certo grau de recuperacao da area, especialmente devido a presenca dos coleopteros coprofagos. A ordem Hymenoptera foi a mais abundante em todas as coletas e representada exclusivamente por exemplares da familia Formicidae. A estacao do ano e a temperatura, no periodo em que foram realizadas as coletas, influenciaram na diversidade e riqueza das especies. A utilizacao de atrativos influenciou diretamente na abundância e diversidade de individuos coletados.
Historical Matching Strategies in Kidney Paired Donation: The 7‐Year Evolution of a Web‐Based Virtual Matching System

Failure to convert computer‐identified possible kidney paired donation (KPD) exchanges into transplants has prohibited KPD from reaching its full potential. This study analyzes the progress of exchanges in moving from “offers” to completed transplants. Offers were divided into individual segments called 1‐way transplants in order to calculate success rates. From 2007 to 2014, the Alliance for Paired Donation performed 243 transplants, 31 in collaboration with other KPD registries and 194 independently. Sixty‐one of 194 independent transplants (31.4%) occurred via cycles, while the remaining 133 (68.6%) resulted from nonsimultaneous extended altruistic donor (NEAD) chains. Thirteen of 35 (37.1%) NEAD chains with at least three NEAD segments accounted for 68% of chain transplants (8.6 tx/chain). The “offer” and 1‐way success rates were 21.9 and 15.5%, respectively. Three reasons for failure were found that could be prospectively prevented by changes in protocol or software: positive laboratory crossmatch (28%), transplant center declined donor (17%) and pair transplanted outside APD (14%). Performing a root cause analysis on failures in moving from offer to transplant has allowed the APD to improve protocols and software. These changes have improved the success rate and the number of transplants performed per year.
A novel MEK2/PI3Kδ pathway controls the expression of IL‐1 receptor antagonist in IFN‐β‐activated human monocytes

IFN‐β and sIL‐1Ra play crucial roles in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. IFN‐β, which is widely used to improve the course of relapsing, remitting multiple sclerosis, induces the production of sIL‐1Ra in human monocytes through mechanisms that remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified PI3Kδ and MEK2 as key elements that control sIL‐1Ra production in isolated human monocytes activated by IFN‐β. Blockade of MEK2, but not of MEK1, by inhibitors and siRNA prevented IFN‐β‐induced PI3Kδ recruitment to the membrane, Akt phosphorylation, and sIL‐1Ra production, suggesting that MEK2 acted upstream of PI3Kδ. Furthermore, ERK1/2, the only identified substrates of MEK1/2 to date, are dispensable for sIL‐1Ra production in response to IFN‐β stimulation. Upon IFN‐β activation, MEK2 and PI3Kδ are translocated to monocyte membranes. These data suggest that MEK1 and MEK2 display different, nonredundant functions in IFN‐β signaling. That neither MEK1 nor ERK1/2 play a part in this mechanism is also an unexpected finding that gives rise to a better understanding of the MAPK signaling network. Together, these findings demonstrate that IFN‐β triggers an atypical MEK2/PI3Kδ signaling cascade to regulate sIL‐1Ra expression in monocytes. The premise that MEK1 and MEK2 play a part in the induction of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL‐1β in human monocytes provides a rationale for an alternative, IFN‐β‐mediated pathway to induce/enhance sIL‐1Ra production and thus, to dampen inflammation.
A 10dB 44GHz Loss-Compensated CMOS Distributed Amplifier

An 8-stage distributed amplifier (DA) suitable for 40Gb/s optical communication is implemented in a 0.13mum CMOS process. The losses of on-chip transmission lines are compensated by active negative resistors. The DA achieves a flat gain of 10dB from DC to 44GHz with an input and output matching better than -8dB. The core DA and loss compensation circuitry dissipate 44mW and 59mW, respectively.
Informed consent in clinical research in France: assessment and factors associated with therapeutic misconception

Background: Informed consent in clinical research is mandated throughout the world. Both patient subjects and investigators are required to understand and accept the distinction between research and treatment. Aim: To document the extent and to identify factors associated with therapeutic misconception in a population of patient subjects or parent proxies recruited from a variety of multicentre trials (parent studies). Patients and methods: The study comprised two phases: the development of a questionnaire to assess the quality of informed consent and a survey of patient subjects based on this questionnaire. Results: A total of 303 patient subjects or parent proxies were contacted and 279 questionnaires were analysed. The median age was 49.5 years, sex ratio was 1 and 61% of respondents were professionally active. Overall memorisation of the oral or written communication of informed consent was good (69–97%), and satisfaction with the process was around 70%. Therapeutic misconception was present in 70% of respondents, who expected to receive better care and ignored the consequence of randomisation and treatment comparisons. This was positively associated with the acuteness and severity of the disease. Conclusion: The authors suggest that the risk of therapeutic misconception be specifically addressed in consent forms as an educational tool for both patients and investigators.