Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El Niño-Southern Oscillation effects on peanut yield and nitrogen leaching

Peanut growers in north Florida asked for help in managing the crop to increase yield and reduce yield variability, using information on the pattern of large-scale climate. The objectives of this study were to explore at 4 locations in the peanut belt of Florida and southern Georgia the potential for improving peanut crop performance by altering crop management according to the phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The CROPGRO-Peanut model was used to simulate peanut yield responses to climate and management. The effects of planting date and irrigation management options on the mean and variability of simulated crop yield and nitrogen leaching in different ENSO phases were estimated. This case study showed potential for enhancing peanut yields (1 to 8%) and reducing yield variability (2 to 12%) by tailoring planting dates to expected ENSO conditions, while at the same time reducing potential environmental damages from nitrogen leaching by 1 to 11%. Locations which appeared to have no ENSO linkages currently showed most responses to tailored management in this simulation study. Tailored management calls for later planting during an El Nino, and earlier planting in a La Nina. When planting dates were tailored to ENSO phases, simulations showed at least 10% lower nitrogen leaching from rainfed production systems in about 70% of the years. Among ENSO phases, La Nina seasons were shown to have greater nitrogen leaching, with little response to management changes relative to El Nino seasons. Tailored management may be most advantageous in El Nino seasons as a result of higher yields and lower nitrogen leaching. Further research is needed before options derived from simulations and optimization can be recommended and adopted with confidence by growers and extension advisors.
Secondary Economic Information of an Enterprise and its Computerized Arrangement

Economic information plays an important role inthe management system of an agricultural enterprise.Many researchers have proved this information to make60-70% of the information that is necessary for managementof an enterprise. This information is the basisfor the heads and specialists of an enterprise in constantanalysis and control of economic-financial activity ofthe enterprise, in making management decisions thatregulate this activity to obtain positive financial results.Economic information is not monolitic information. Accountinginformation makes the greatest part (up to80%) of its structure. According to the stages of formationeconomic information is classified into primary andsecondary information. Primary information is formedwhere economic processes and financial and enterprisemanagement operations take place. Secondary informationis the product (result) of primary information processing.Practically and in theoretical discussions it iscalled secondary information that is used in making andcontrol of various management decisions. Quality ofsecondary information (accuracy, reliability and otherindices) depends on means and methods to carry operationsof initial data measuring, registration, transmissionand processing. Possibilities of primary economicinformation computerization have already been analyzed(Domeika, 2003, et. al). Therefore, this articleanalyses theoretical aspects of computerized arrangementand use of secondary information (accounttinginformation in particular). On the basis of research results published by Lithuanianand foreign scientists this article analyses the followingissues: processes of enterprise accounting secondaryinformation, as the bigger part of economic information,arrangement; forms of secondary informationpresentation for the user; reports (printed or shown onscreen) content and its form design; methods of computerizeddata base (CDB) formation and rational use.
Multifractal Analysis of Snowfall Recorded Using a 2D Video Disdrometer

AbstractUniversal multifractal (UM) analysis was used to investigate the scaling properties of snowfall at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Snowfall data were recorded using a 2D video disdrometer (2DVD) in the Swiss Alps. Six 1-h-long periods of snowfall, half in calm and half in light wind conditions, were selected for analysis. UM analysis was performed on reconstructed 35-m vertical columns of snowfall structure, snowfall time series at 100-ms resolution, and two-dimensional snowflake accumulation maps over a 5.12 5.12 cm2 area. Multifractal scaling was observed for the vertical structure of snow particle number concentration, for scales between about 35 and 4.4 m, and sometimes down to about 0.5 m. At smaller scales, no scaling was observed. In high-resolution time series of snowfall, evidence of scaling was found for scales between about 7 min and ~26 s in most of the analyzed hours. Snowflake accumulations within a subset of the small sampling area of the 2DVD showed no scaling properties, su.
DMA and conductivity studies in PVA:NH 4 SCN:DMSO:MWNT nanocomposite polymer dried gel electrolytes

This paper deals with findings on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and ion-conduction behavior of MWNTs (multiwall carbon nanotubes) doped PVA:NH4SCN:DMSO dried gel electrolyte system prepared for four filler concentrations (2, 4, 6 & 8 wt%) by solution cast technique. XRD measurements reveal enhancement in amorphous behavior of composite gel electrolyte upon incorporation of filler particles. Better mechanical stability is noticed in the composite system upon dispersal of MWNT along with presence of dynamic Tg during DMA measurements. Enhancement in ionic conductivity has been noticed with an optimum value of 4.5 × 10-3 Scm-1 for 6 wt% MWNTs filled composite electrolyte. Composite system exhibits combination of Arrhenius and Vogel-Tammam-Fulcher (VTF) behavior in temperature dependent conductivity study. The a.c. conductivity response seems to follow universal power law.
Physicochemical and biological controls on primary and net community production across northeast Pacific seascapes

The subarctic–subtropical transition zone in the North Pacific represents the second largest sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the world ocean, yet the relative importance of physical and biological processes in this uptake is debated. In a step toward understanding the spatiotemporal variability of environmental, physiological, and ecological factors that contribute to the efficacy of the biological pump, near‐continuous measurements of net primary production (NPP), net community production (NCP), export efficiency (NCP : NPP), and several physiological and ecological variables were collected across subarctic, transition, and subtropical seascapes of the Northeast Pacific during August and September of 2008. Whereas hydrographic variability (e.g., temperature, salinity, and mixed layer) dominated at basin scales, the effects were balanced or subsumed by biomass or taxa effects within individual seascapes. Fluorescence diagnostics suggested that the transition seascape was neither iron nor macronutrient limited. NPP and NCP were strongly spatially coupled in both the transition (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001) and subtropics (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001); however, the strength of individual drivers as determined through multiple linear regression (MLR) varied across seascapes. NPP in the transition seascape was driven primarily by nano‐ and microphytoplankton biomass, whereas NCP appeared to be driven by changes in salinity, temperature, and to a lesser degree, diatom‐specific biomass. Although NPP was low in the subtropics, mesoscale changes in hydrographical factors and shifts in community structure from pico‐ to microphytoplankton contributed to moderate NCP and high export efficiency. Spatial variability in the relative importance of hydrography, phytoplankton community structure, and NPP in driving NCP illuminates regional sensitivity of the biological pump to future climate conditions.
Endovascular Treatment over Standard Medical Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Endovascular treatment plays a continuously expanding role in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Several randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating possible benefits of endovascular therapy were conducted. From these trials emerged conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular treatment over standard therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We searched in PubMed and EMBASE databases from the date of inception until 2015/07/31. The primary outcome was the functional neurological outcome at 90 days measured with modified Rankin Score ≤ 2. Secondary outcomes were partial or complete recanalization, assessed with modified arterial occlusive lesion, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction or thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scores of 2-3 and mortality. Safety outcome was Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage (SICH). Data were pooled in the control and intervention groups, and odds ratios were calculated with 95% interval confidence. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated with the χ2 Mantel-Haenszel method and Iâ method. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity was considered significant for P values <0.10. Results: 12 trials were included with 2725 participants. Compared with standard therapy, endovascular treatment significantly improved the outcome at 90 days (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.51-2.08). This result was affected by a significative heterogeneity. After a sensitivity analysis, excluding the trials in which the demonstration of large vessel occlusion was not an inclusion criterion, primary outcome was improved in the intervention group (OR: 2.05 95% CI: 1.70-2.46), with non-significant heterogeneity. The recanalization rate was higher and mortality was lower in the intervention groups, but these differences were not significant. The proportion of SICH was marginally higher in the intervention groups, again without any statistical significance. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke ensures a significant increase of patients with favorable outcome compared with standard therapy in the absence of risk. Vascular studies before treatment are mandatory.
Weak Compactness of Solution Sets to Stochastic Differential Inclusions with Non-Convex Right-Hand Sides

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of weak solutions to stochastic differential inclusions with non-convex right-hand sides are given. The main results of the paper deal with the weak compactness of solution sets with respect to the convergence in distribution. The paper is related to author's paper [6], where the convex valued case is considered.
Continuous or Discontinuous? Estimating Indifference Curves Inside the Marschak-Machina Triangle Using Certainty Equivalents

This paper introduces a new method of estimating indifference curves in the Marschak-Machina triangle. The method involves posing questions about indifference. Contrary to previous attempts, where subjects were required to identify those lotteries to which they were indifferent vis-a-vis a given lottery, the subjects are here required to determine its certainty equivalent. The procedure is repeated for a large number of lotteries inside the triangle. Simple, linear interpolation of certainty equivalent values between adjacent points representing the lotteries under consideration allows any indifference curve inside the triangle to be plotted. The experimental results presented in the paper shed new light on the shape of indifference curves inside the Marschak-Machina triangle, where curve parallelism, fanning-out, fanning-in and boundary effects, including (possibly discontinuous) jumps, are all common. As shown, those decision-making models, which can predict jumps on the triangle legs, offer the best econometric fit of the indifference curves obtained in the study.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOCUS OF CONTROL, SELF-EFFICACY, AND ACCOUNTING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ON ACCOUNTING CAREER MATURITY OF THE TWELFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF THE ACCOUNTING PROGRAM IN PRIVATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS

This study aimed to analyze the influence of locus of control, self-efficacy, and learning achievement in accounting on the career maturity of twelfth grade students of the accounting program in private vocational high schools. The population in the study were twelfth grade students of the Accounting Skills Program at SMK Wachid Hasyim, SMK Kartika 1, SMK and SMK Mahardhika Pawiyatan in the academic year 2015/2016 with a total sample of 175 students. Sampling was conducted using Proportional Sampling Systematic technique. This is descriptive research with quantitative approach, using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed partially significant influence of the locus of control, self-efficacy, and learning achievements on career maturity of the accounting students, and a simultaneous influence of the locus of control, self-efficacy, and achievement of the twelfth grade students of the accounting Program in private vocational high schools.
SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality.

This paper describes the development of a 22-item instrument (called SERVQUAL) for assessing customer perceptions of service quality in service and retailing organizations. After a discussion of the conceptualization and operationalization of the service quality construct, the procedures used in constructing and refining a multiple-item scale to measure the construct are described. Evidence of the scale's reliability, factor structure, and validity on the basis of analyzing data from four independent samples is presented next. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential applications of the scale.
Cambrian explosion triggered by geosphere‐biosphere feedbacks

A new hypothesis for the cause of the Cambrian explosion is presented. For that the evolution of the planet Earth is described by the co‐evolution of the geosphere‐biosphere system. Here we specify our previously published Earth system model for the long‐term carbon cycle by introducing three different types of biosphere: procaryotes, eucaryotes, and complex multicellular life. They are characterized by different global temperature tolerance windows. The biotic enhancement of silicate weathering by complex multicellular life adds an additional feedback to the system and triggers the Cambrian explosion. The Cambrian explosion is characterized by a sudden increase of biomass and a rapid cooling, which amplified the spread of complex multicellular life. Cooling events in the Neoproterozoic, however, could force a premature appearance of complex multicellular life.
Do Long{Run Restrictions Identify Supply and Demand Disturbances? ⁄

This paper examines whether bivariate structural VAR models with long{run restrictions give reliable inference. Using simulated data generated by difierent theoretical models we perform controlled experiments comparing theoretical predictions with empirical results. We identify two potential problems when implementing long{ run restrictions. First, unequal variances of underlying shocks to the economy leads to highly biased inference. The estimated impulse responses have incorrect signs in some cases. Second, the existence of a third structural shock in the economy also leads to biased impulse responses and variance decompositions. These results suggest that empirical results from structural VARs should be interpreted with caution and not be used to distinguish between competing economic models.
Factors Affecting the Financial Success of Motion Pictures: What is the Role of Star Power?

In the mid-1940s, American film industry was on its way up to its golden era as studios started mass-producing iconic feature films. The escalating increase in popularity of Hollywood stars was actively suggested for its direct links to box office success by academics. Using data collected in 2007, this paper carries out an empirical investigation on how different factors, including star power, affect the revenue of ‘home-run’ movies in Hollywood. Due to the subjective nature of star power, two different approaches were used: (1) number of nominations and wins of Academy Awards by the key players, and (2) average lifetime gross revenue of films involving the key players preceding the sample year. It is found that number of Academy awards nominations and wins was not statistically significant in generating box office revenue, whereas star power based on the second approach was statistically significant. Other significant factors were critics’ reviews, screen coverage and top distributor, while number of Academy awards, MPAA-rating, seasonality, being a sequel and popular genre were not statistically significant.
Rural Savings : Their Magnitude , Determinants , and Mobilisation

The general view about the rural population in Pakistan is that a vast majority of it has a deplorably low standard of living. The incomes of most of the rural people are so low that one wonders how they manage to survive. Studies on poverty in the country show that the incidence and the intensity of poverty in the villages is much higher than in the towns. Yet the available data about rural incomes and family budgets show that the average propensity of the rural households to save is much higher than the national average. Several questions need to be answered in this regard. Are the data about rural incomes and expenditures reliable? Are the findings a consistent feature over time or only a temporary phenomenon for a year or so? Do only larger farmers save or do the smaller peasants and non-farm rural people also manage to save? Is this finding unique only to our rural populace or is there evidence of similar findings from elsewhere? What is the possible rationale for this unusual saving behaviour? What is the magnitude of rural savings and what could be their role in rural development? Finally, how could these savings be encouraged and mobilised? This paper aims at exploring and answering these questions with the help of whatever data are available. Apart from the Introduction, the paper is divided into five sections. In the first section, we present evidence of high rates of rural savings in Pakistan and some other countries. Section 2 discusses the rationale of this savings behaviour and the determinants of rural savings. In Section 3, we examine the magnitude of rural savings and their possible role in rural development. Section 4 deals with the problem of mobilisation of rural savings. The final section sums up the discussion.
18. PARAMETERS CONTROLLING ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF CARBONATE AND VOLCANICLASTIC SEDIMENTS AT SITES 866 AND 8691

Comparison of the acoustic and index properties with the petrographic character of 125 brine-saturated carbonate and volcaniclastic rocks from Sites 866 and 869 indicates that porosity is the dominant parameter influencing P- and S-wave velocity and acoustic impedance. Porosity in the mid-Cretaceous platform carbonates (Site 866) is controlled by diagenetic alteration, rather than primary depositional texture. Replacement and cementation by dolomite yields the highest acoustic velocities. Similarly, porosity in the volcaniclastics (Site 869) is controlled by diagenetic alteration of components and partial replacement and cementing by zeolite. The density-velocity relationship of the carbonates shows excellent correlation with Gardners curve for limestone. The general Gardners curve, however, underestimates the velocities of the volcaniclastics. Laboratory porosity-velocity trends of the carbonates are consistently 5% to 20% higher than those predicted by the time-average equation using the correct matrix velocities. Similar crossplots for the volcaniclastics show a division into two distinct subgroups, each corresponding to a time-average equation with a different matrix velocity, which suggests that progressive diagenetic alteration of the volcaniclastics has decreased the matrix velocity. The VjJVs ratios of the carbonates do not discriminate mineralogic composition. Laboratory measurements, under effective pressure simulating in situ conditions, are 5% to 25% higher than analyses of velocity made aboard JOIDES Resolution under atmospheric pressure. The carbonates at Site 866 have a considerably wider range of acoustic impedance than the basalt. As a consequence, the contact between the carbonate succession and the underlying basalt basement in many drowned Cretaceous guyots of the equatorial Pacific Ocean may be difficult to image seismic-reflection profiles.
SOMATOTYPE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF BRAZILIAN FOOTBALL (SOCCER) REFEREES SOMATOTIPO Y COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL DE ÁRBITROS DE FÚTBOL BRASILEÑOS

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición corporal y somatotipo de árbitros de fútbol brasileños. Se estudiaron 215 árbitros profesionales de la Confederación Brasileña de Fútbol (CBF) y de la Federación de Fútbol de Paraná FPF. Las variables de masa corporal, estatura, pliegues de grasa, circunferencias corporales y diámetros óseos fueron recogidos con el fin de estimar la composición corporal y determinar el somatotipo de los árbitros. Se observó que el grupo de árbitros, en general, presentan una edad media de 33,7 años, un porcentaje de grasa corporal de 18,5% y un somatotipo mesomorfo-endomorfo (3.9-4.3-1.9). Cuando se analizaron los resultados dividiendo los árbitros en nacionales y regionales, la edad media fue de 37,9 ± 4,1 y 33,2 ± 5,7 años; la masa corporal fue 79,0 ± 7,9 y 78,5 ± 10,7 kg, el porcentaje de grasa corporal fue de 19,3 ± 4,1 y 18,5 ± 4,3 %, y el somatotipo fue mesomorfo-endomorfo (3.8-3.9-1.9) y endomorfico mesomorfo (3.8-4.4-1.8), respectivamente. En la clasificación por edad se observó una diferencia significativa en el grupo más joven (20-29 años), que presentó un componente ectomórfico mayor en relación con los otros grupos de edad (p=0,022). En los otros componentes del somatotipo, endomorfia y mesomorfia, no se observaron diferencias significativas. Por lo tanto, es posible afirmar que la característica dominante del somatotipo de los árbitros de fútbol de Brasil es mesomorfo-endomorfo, es decir, hay una prevalencia de los componentes músculoesquelético y de la grasa sobre el componente lineal. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de este estudio podemos concluir que los árbitros oficiales de fútbol presentan un porcentaje de grasa corporal mayor que el observado en los jugadores de fútbol profesionales. Por lo tanto, los hábitos nutricionales deben ser adaptados a sus actividades físicas diarias, a los cortos períodos de entrenamiento y a la actividad física de moderada intensidad energética, en promedio, desarrollada durante el arbitraje, para obtener mejores características morfológicas y así poder minimizar el riesgo de padecer patologías cardiovasculares.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERAMENT AND ANIMAL HANDLING ON FERTILITY

For over a century, the word temperament has been used to define the fear-related behavioral responses of cattle when exposed to human handling (Fordyce et al., 1988). As cattle temperament worsens, their response to human contact or any other handling procedure becomes more excitable. Within the beef cattle industry, producers select cattle for temperament primarily for safety reasons. However, recent studies demonstrate that cattle temperament may also have productive and economic implications to beef operations.