Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of the Mental Health System in Meeting the Needs of Adults who are Visually Impaired

Although depression is not an inevitable consequence of vision impairment, it is a common mental health problem among adults who are visually impaired. A recent study showed that 7% of applicants for vision rehabilitation services who were age 65 and older met the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive disorder, and another 27% had sub­ threshold depression (Horowitz, Reinhardt, & Kennedy, 2005). These rates are higher than those found among the general population of community-dwelling older adults, and similar to those for older adults who are medically ill. Additional evidence indicates that the preva­ lence of mental health problems may be even higher in young and middle-aged adults with adventitious vision loss, with 40–45% having clinically signifi cant depressive symptomatol­ ogy, and 20% exhibiting moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (Brennan & Cardinali, 2000; Cimarolli, in press). The consequences of depression for adults with visual impairments are far-reaching. Depression, in general, is associated with greater functional disability, morbidity, and mortality among middle-aged and older adults. Further­ more, adults with comorbid vision loss and de­ pression are less likely to seek, be referred to, or use vision rehabilitation services; and those who do seek care tend to receive less service compared to those who are not depressed. Not surprisingly, depression is also associated with poorer reha­ bilitation outcomes. Given these consequences, access to the services of the mental health sys­ tem and the integration of mental health services into the vision rehabilitation system clearly represent high priorities in the organization of services for people with vision impairments. Yet, there remain extensive gaps in services and widespread unmet mental health needs among people who are visually impaired.
Exercise effects on perivascular adipose tissue: endocrine and paracrine determinants of vascular function

Obesity is a global epidemic, accompanied by increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue hypertrophy is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, which alters the secretion of adipose tissue‐derived bioactive products, known as adipokines. Adipokines determine vessel wall properties such as smooth muscle tone and vessel wall inflammation. Exercise is a mainstay of prevention of chronic, non‐communicable diseases, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in particular. Aside from reducing adipose tissue mass, exercise has been shown to reduce inflammatory activity in this tissue. Mechanistically, contracting muscles release bioactive molecules known as myokines, which alter the metabolic phenotype of adipose tissue. In adipose tissue, myokines induce browning, enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve insulin sensitivity. In the past years, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) which surrounds the vasculature, has been shown to control vascular tone and inflammation through local release of adipokines. In obesity, an increase in mass and inflammation of PVAT culminate in dysregulation of adipokine secretion, which contributes to vascular dysfunction. This review describes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which active muscles interact with adipose tissue and improve vascular function. Aside from the exercise‐dependent regulation of canonical adipose tissue function, we will focus on the interactions between skeletal muscle and PVAT and the role of novel myokines, such as IL‐15, FGF21 and irisin, in these interactions.
Antibacterial and osteogenesis performances of LL37-loaded titania nanopores in vitro and in vivo

Background: Many studies have shown that the size of nanotube (NT) can significantly affect the behavior of osteoblasts on titanium-based materials. But the weak bonding strength between NT and substrate greatly limits their application. Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the stability of NT and nanopore (NP) coatings, and further prepare antibacterial titanium-based materials by loading LL37 peptide in NP structures. Methods: The adhesion strength of NT and NP layers was investigated using a scratch tester. The proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on different substrates were evaluated in vitro by CCK8, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and polymerase chain reaction assays. The antibacterial rates of NP and NP/LL37 were also measured by spread plate method. Moreover, the osteogenesis around NP and NP/LL373 in vivo was further evaluated using uninfected and infected models. Results: Scratch test proved that the NP layers had stronger bonding strength with the substrates due to their continuous pore structures and thicker pipe walls than the independent NT structures. In vitro, cell results showed that MC3T3-E1 cells on NP substrates had better early adhesion, spreading and osteogenic differentiation than those of NT group. In addition, based on the drug reservoir characteristics of porous materials, the NP substrates were also used to load antibacterial LL37 peptide. After loading LL37, the antibacterial and osteogenic induction abilities of NP were further improved, thus significantly promoting osteogenesis in both uninfected and infected models. Conclusion: We determined that the NP layers had stronger bonding strength than NT structures, and the corresponding NP materials might be more suitable than NT for preparing drug-device combined titanium implants for bone injury treatment.
Pregaming and Emotion Regulation’s Relationship to Alcohol Problems in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Background: Pregaming is a high-risk drinking behavior associated with increased alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Quantity of alcohol consumed does not fully explain the level of problems associated with pregaming; yet, limited research has examined factors that may interact with pregaming behavior to contribute to the experience of alcohol-related problems. Objectives: The current study examined whether use of two emotion regulation strategies influence pregaming’s contribution to alcohol-related problems. Methods: Undergraduates (N = 1857) aged 18–25 years attending 19 different colleges completed an online survey in 2008–2009. Linear mixed models were used to test whether emotion regulation strategies moderate the association between pregaming status (pregamers vs. non/infrequent pregamers) and alcohol-related problems, when controlling for alcohol consumption, demographic covariates, and site as a random effect. Results: Greater use of cognitive reappraisal was associated with decreased alcohol problems. Expressive suppression interacted with pregaming status. There was no relationship between pregaming status and alcohol problems for students who rarely used expression suppression; however, the relationship between pregaming status and alcohol problems was statistically significant for students who occasionally to frequently used expression suppression. Conclusions/Importance: Findings suggest that the relationship between pregaming and alcohol-related problems is complex. Accordingly, future studies should utilize event-level methodology to understand how emotion regulation strategies influence alcohol-related problems. Further, clinicians should tailor alcohol treatments to help students increase their use of cognitive reappraisal and decrease their use of suppression.
The Impact of Notification to Statutory Services on the NGO Client-Worker Relationship

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iii LIST of TABLES. vii LIST of FIGURES. viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1 RESEARCH. 1 RESEARCH SETTING. 2 AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND CONTEXT. 4 OVERVIEW. 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW. 8 NEW ZEALAND LAW. 8 EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE. 10 MANDATORY REPORTING. 11 NOTIFICATION STATISTICS. 13 THE NOTIFICATION PROCESS. 14 THERAPEUTIC IMPASSE and NOTIFICATION ISSUES.18 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. 20 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY. 23 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE. 23 SAMPLING. 25 PARTICIPANT SPECIFICS. 29 DATA COLLECTION. 30 INSIDER RESEARCH. 32 DATA ANALYSIS PLAN. 35 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS. 37 BIAS. 41 STRENGTHS and LIMITATIONS. 42 CONCLUSION. 43
Identification and validation of clinically meaningful benchmarks in the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale

Background: The 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (12-MSWS) is a validated questionnaire which assessed walking function; it has been widely adopted in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical research. Objective: Identify and validate clinically meaningful 12-MSWS benchmarks in MS. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 159 MS patients permitted identification of clinically meaningful 12-MSWS benchmarks based on their relationship to real-life anchors. Identified 12-MSWS benchmarks were then validated in a second population of 96 subjects using measures of ambulation, cognition, and patient-reported outcomes. Results: 12-MSWS score of 0–24.99 was associated with working outside the home and assistance-free mobility; 25–49.99 was associated with gait disability and difficulty doing housework; 50–74.99 was associated with unemployment, government healthcare, cane use, and difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs); and 75–100 was associated with change in occupation due to walking, mobility impairment requiring bilateral assistance, and inability to perform IADLs. During the validation step, strong linear associations were identified between 12-MSWS benchmarks and other MS-related disability outcome measures, including ambulatory and non-ambulatory measures. Conclusion: We have identified clinically meaningful 12-MSWS benchmarks which define four groups differentiated by increasing levels of mobility impairment and associated loss of functional independence. These data provide insight into how 12-MSWS translate to meaningful functional limitations in MS.
The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism is not associated with essential hypertension

ABSTRACT Essential hypertension (EH) is a worldwide problem. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene has been suggested to be correlated with EH. However, the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the associations of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism with EH in a Chinese Han population in Shanghai. Genotype of ALDH2 rs671 was analyzed in 1923 EH patients and 1115 control subjects. We found no association between ALDH2 rs671 and EH risk or EH-related quantitative blood chemistry values. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was performed and the summary results from 11220 patients and 8339 control subjects were consistent with our findings. These results indicated that rs671 of ALDH2 may not associate with the risk of EH.
Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict drug disposition in pregnant populations

Pregnancy is associated with numerous physiological changes that influence absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Moreover, the magnitude of these effects changes as pregnancy matures. For most medications, there is limited information available about changes in drug disposition that can occur in pregnant patients, yet most women are prescribed one or more medications during pregnancy. In this investigation, PBPK modeling was used to assess the impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetic profiles of three medications (metformin, tacrolimus, oseltamivir) using the Simcyp® simulator. The Simcyp pregnancy‐PBPK model accounts for the known physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. For each medication, plasma concentration–time profiles were simulated using Simcyp® virtual populations of healthy volunteers and pregnant patients. The predicted systemic exposure metrics (Cmax, AUC) were compared with published clinical data, and the fold error (FE, ratio of predicted and observed data) was calculated. The PBPK model was able to capture the observed changes in Cmax and AUC across each trimester of pregnancy compared with post‐partum for metformin (FE range 0.86–1.19), tacrolimus (FE range 1.03–1.64) and oseltamivir (FE range 0.54–1.02). Simcyp model outputs were used to correlate these findings with pregnancy‐induced alterations in renal blood flow (metformin, oseltamivir), hepatic CYP3A4 activity (tacrolimus) and reduced plasma protein levels and hemodilution (tacrolimus). The results illustrate how PBPK modeling can help to establish appropriate dosing guidelines for pregnant patients and to predict potential changes in systemic exposure during pregnancy for compounds undergoing clinical development.
Monitoring the Decrease in Susceptibility to Ribosomal RNAs Targeting Antimicrobials and Its Molecular Basis in Clinical Mycoplasma bovis Isolates over Time.

Mycoplasma bovis is considered an emerging threat to bovine production in industrialized countries. Its control depends on good husbandry and efficient chemotherapy practices. In France, clinical isolates collected after 2009 showed a drastic loss of susceptibility to most antimicrobials when compared with isolates collected in 1978-1979. The aim of the present study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the shift toward resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines and to assess whether the clinical origin of the isolates or their molecular subtypes could have influenced their pattern of evolution. We demonstrated that all M. bovis isolates collected as early as 2000 should already be considered resistant to tylosin, tilmicosin, and oxytetracycline, whatever the associated clinical signs. The shift toward resistance happened earlier for oxytetracycline and more progressively for tylosin/tilmicosin. Isolates belonging to the major subtype ST2 (n = 40) showed a homogeneous genotype for resistance, with combined alterations of G748A and A2058G in the 23S rRNA alleles for tylosin/tilmicosin and of A965T and A967T in the 16S rRNA alleles for oxytetracycline. The genotypes of ST3 or ST1 isolates (n = 9 and 25, respectively) in the process of becoming resistant were more varied. In recent years, the convergence of both ST2 and ST3 isolates toward the same resistance genotype suggests that the corresponding mutations have been selected for providing an appropriate balance between fitness cost and resistance.
Propranolol Treatment of Vascular Anomalies Other Than Infantile Hemangioma

Background: Oral propranolol has become first-line intervention for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH) that is not amenable to topical or intralesional therapies. Consensus data supporting its efficacy for other vascular anomalies does not exist. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and causes of propranolol use for vascular lesions other than IH. Methods: Referrals to our Vascular Anomalies Center between 2008 and 2017 were reviewed for patients treated with propranolol at an outside institution. Patient history, photographs, imaging studies, and/or histopathology were evaluated by an interdisciplinary team to diagnose the vascular anomaly. Our center's diagnosis was compared to the referral diagnosis to categorize patients into 3 groups: Group 1 (patients were appropriately labeled with an IH); Group 2 (individuals were erroneously diagnosed with IH); and Group 3 (subjects were diagnosed with a vascular anomaly other than IH). Results: Two hundred thirty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Group 1 (39%; n = 91) had an IH and were treated appropriately. Group 2 (20%; n = 49) was misdiagnosed with IH and incorrectly received propranolol. Group 3 (41%; n = 96) was given propranolol to treat another vascular anomaly. Propranolol did not have efficacy for vascular anomalies other than IH. Conclusions: Propranolol commonly is used to treat lesions other than IH; misdiagnosis of a lesion as IH is a common cause. Propranolol should be used with caution to treat other types of vascular anomalies because patients are subjected to the risks of the drug without data supporting its efficacy.
Volatility of sensex and the role of foreign institutional investors

The Indian stock market has undergone many important changes in the recent past. These changes include the establishment of the central regulatory agency, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), enactment of the regulatory measures, the arrival of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) in a large scale, introduction of screen based trading systems replacing the conventional open outcry system of trading; the replacement of the fourteen-day account period settlement system giving way to rolling settlements on T+2 basis; dematerialization of securities; demutualization of exchanges; and derivatives trading. These changes have not only attracted many new investors from various sections of the people, but also increased the possibility of more volatility in the market. This requires an in-depth analysis about the nature and extent of volatility in the Indian stock market by taking the Sensitive Index (Sensex) of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) as the representative index. Thus, the objectives of this paper are: To trace the degree of volatility in the Indian stock market with the help of different volatility measures; andTo study the role played by the FIIs in the Indian stock market.
A Simple, Cost-Effective Sensor for Detecting Lead Ions in Water Using Under-Potential Deposited Bismuth Sub-Layer with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

This research has developed a simple to use, cost effective sensor system for the detection of lead ions in tap water. An under-potential deposited bismuth sub-layer on a thin gold film based electrochemical sensor was designed, manufactured, and evaluated. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurement technique was employed in this detection. Tap water from the Cleveland, OH, USA regional water district was the test medium. Concentrations of lead ion in the range of 8 × 10−7 M to 5 × 10−4 M were evaluated, showing a good sensitivity over this concentration range. The calibration curve for the DPV measurements of lead ions in tap water showed excellent reproducibility with R2 value of 0.970. This DPV detection system required 3–6 min to complete the detection measurement. A longer measurement time of 6 min was used for the lower lead ion concentration. The selectivity of this lead ion sensor was very good, and Fe III, Cu II, Ni II, and Mg II at a concentration level of 5 × 10−4 M did not interfere with the lead ion measurement.
Root growth, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by irrigation and tillage practices in south Bihar

A field experiment was carried out during 3 winter seasons from 2000-01 to 2002-03 at Patna, to find out ef- fect of tillage practices, viz. zero tillage, bed planting and conventional, and irrigation levels, viz. 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm depth on rooting behaviour, yield and economics of wheat [(Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol. ] in Usti- psamment soils. Root characters like area (10.5 cm2) and length (48.1 cm) were highest in bed planting, fol- lowed by conventional and zero tillage at tillering as well as flowering stages. Highest grain yield of 36.6 qlha was obtained in zero tillage, followed by conventional tillage (34.1 q/ha) and bed planting (31.5 qlha). lrrigation at 7 cm water depth resulted in maximum grain (34.2 qlha) and straw yields. Highest water-use efficiency (375 kglha-cm) was recorded with bed planting. A significant positive linear relationship was observed between irrgation depths and root growth and grain yield.
Market Value, Market Share, and Mergers: Evidence from a Panel of U.S. Firms

Improving shareholder value has often been cited as a merger determinant. Because mergers create larger firms and less competition, they may increase shareholder value through higher market share and stockâ€ market value. We investigate merger impacts on firms' stockâ€ market value and market share. We construct panel data from 4 different data sources on public merging and nonâ€ merging U.S. manufacturing firms for 1980â€“2003. Instrumental variables and factors such as R&D, patents, and citations control for endogeneity. We find that mergers are positively correlated with stockâ€ market value and market share.
Burden of Chlamydia trachomatis in India: a systematic literature review

&NA; Chlamydia trachomatis (hereafter CT) is Gram‐negative, obligate intracellular pathogen. It causes the world's most common non‐viral sexually transmitted disease. India is home to the world's greatest burden of infectious diseases, yet information on prevalence rates of CT is scarce. This article systematically reviews the literature for the prevalence rates and testing methods in India. A total of 27 studies were included. Four main patients groups (symptomatic women, infertile women, pregnant women and asymptomatic population groups) could be identified with varying rates of CT (0.1%‐32% using PCR, 2.4%‐75% using ELISA serology). Most of the studies originated from urban settings, 11 of them from New Delhi. In‐house PCR was the most common diagnostic technique used generating the following ranges in prevalence for the four group studies: symptomatic women 10%‐50%, pregnant women 0.1%‐2.5% and asymptomatic populations 0.9%‐24.5%. The rates among infertile women were 9%‐68% based on serology results. The prevalence rates featured in this paper are in line with other locations across the Indian subcontinent. This review highlights the extreme heterogeneity in the limited studies available in India on CT and the need for standardized guidelines for diagnosis and management of CT in India. The availability of resources should be considered in the formulation of recommendations. &NA; Graphical Abstract Figure. One sentence summary: The first systematic literature review on Chlamydia trachomatis in India.
The Interactive Evolution of Economic Ideas and Experience - The Case of Canadian Inflation Targeting

In Canada, targeting the inflation rate was intended as a temporary measure on a journey to price-level stability, but became a well-established monetary policy regime in its own right. This paper analyses the role of the interaction of economic ideas with the experience generated by their application to policy in bringing about this outcome. In the following account, changing beliefs about the stability or otherwise of ongoing inflation, the capacity of a flexible exchange rate to create a vicious circle of depreciation and rising domestic prices, and about the roles played by the natural unemployment rate and money growth in influencing economic outcomes are emphasised. Today’s standard DSGE approach to modelling inflation targeting arrived on the scene only after the Canadian regime was well established.
Hydrometeorology organizes intra-annual patterns of tree growth across time, space and species in a montane watershed.

Tree radial growth is often systematically limited by water availability, as is evident in tree ring records. However, the physiological nature of observed tree growth limitation is often uncertain outside of the laboratory. To further explore the physiology of water limitation, we observed intra-annual growth rates of four conifer species using point dendrometers and microcores, and coupled these data to observations of water potential, soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit over 2 yr in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA. The onset of growth limitation in four species was well explained by a critical balance between soil moisture supply and atmospheric demand representing relatively mesic conditions, despite the timing of this threshold response varying by up to 2 months across topographic and elevation gradients, growing locations, and study years. Our findings suggest that critical water deficits impeding tissue growth occurred at relatively high water potential values, often occurring when hydrometeorological conditions were relatively wet during the growing season (e.g. in early spring in some cases). This suggests that species-specific differences in water use strategies may not necessarily affect tree growth, and that tissue growth may be more directly linked to environmental moisture conditions than might otherwise be expected.