Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Undifferentiated Large Cell Carcinoma of the Thymus Associated With Castleman Disease-Like Reaction: A Distinctive Type of Thymic Neoplasm Characterized by an Indolent Behavior

Five cases of a distinctive type of undifferentiated large cell thymic carcinoma accompanied by an inflammatory reaction having morphologic features closely resembling those of Castleman disease (CD) of the hyaline vascular type (HVCD) are reported. The tumors occurred in 3 men and 2 women with a median age of 53 years. Three patients were asymptomatic and the tumors were found incidentally; 1 patient presented with fatigue, weight loss, dyspnea, and chest pain, and another with acanthosis nigricans. The tumors were characterized by the admixture of two components: a neoplasm of cytokeratin (+)/CD5(−) undifferentiated large tumor cells and an inflammatory reaction resembling the late stage of HVCD. Some of the cases were associated with a remarkably indolent clinical course, especially when considering their high-grade morphology. Three patients were alive without disease at 1, 10, and 22 years. One patient was alive with persistent disease at 1 year. One patient's clinical course was unique in that the primary thymic tumor was found 16 years after a metastasis had been detected in two distant lymph nodes. The two possible explanations for the coexistence here described are as follows: 1) a CD-like reaction to the tumor as the morphologic manifestation of a host immune response; and 2) a malignancy engrafted upon preexisting HVCD of the thymus, in a manner analogous to that operating in the reported cases of tumors of dendritic/reticulum cells complicating HVCD at other sites. The first hypothesis is favored, with the added suggestion that the CD-like reaction may bear a relationship to the peculiarly indolent behavior that these tumors exhibit.
Two-Level VSC-Based Predictive Direct Power Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine with Reduced Power Ripple at Low Constant Switching Frequency

In this paper, a new predictive direct power control (DPC) technique is presented for the doubly fed induction machine (DFIM). Based on this predictive control, the strategy is able to operate at considerably low constant switching frequencies and allows it to perform a power ripple minimization technique, in order to improve the steady-state and transient response behaviors of the machine. In addition to the control technique definition, this paper includes a conceptual analysis of DPC. On the other hand, to validate the control strategy, it will be experimentally compared to the well-known voltage frequency control, the vector control, and the nonpredictive DPC strategy. The comparison will be carried out in terms of the steady-state behavior and transient response capacity, and it will be shown that the proposed predictive DPC technique allows to obtain the combination of the quick dynamic response of direct control techniques, and the benefits of constant switching-frequency-based control techniques.
Clinical implications of fixed-dose coformulations of antiretrovirals on the outcome of HIV-1 therapy

The substitution by generic equivalents of some of the drugs included in fixed-dose antiretroviral coformulations (FDACs) poses the potential risk of disrupting these combinations and administering the components separately in order to incorporate the new generic drug, which offers a more competitive sales price. This may represent a step backwards in the advances achieved in simplicity and adherence to therapy, posing an increased risk of selective noncompliance of some of the separately administered drug substances. Available antiretroviral drugs must be administered for life in the affected individuals – both children and adults. The FDACs represent a significant advance in the simplification of antiretroviral therapy, facilitating adherence to complex and chronic treatments, and contributing to a quantifiable improvement in patient quality of life. These drug coformulations reduce the risk of treatment error, are associated with a lower risk of hospitalization, and can lessen the possibility of covert monotherapy in situations of selective noncompliance. Thus, FDACs can reduce the risk of selection of HIV-1 resistances, which not only adversely affect the treatment options of the individual patient but also constitute a public health problem, and further increase the cost and complexity of therapy. With the exception of those cases requiring dose adjustments, the preferential use of FDACs should be recommended for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in those situations when the agents included in the coformulation are drugs of choice.
Gender Stereotyping of Leadership Behaviors: Social Metacognitive Evidence

Gender stereotyping of leadership behaviors is pervasive. Although women and men show few differences in leadership behaviors, experienced male managers rate male and female managers' leadership qualities differently. Participants in this study comprised 107 women and 103 men with little or no management experience. They were asked to estimate how experienced male managers had previously rated women and men on 14 leadership behaviors. We compared these data to those previous data. The participants made social-metacognitive estimates accurately: Their estimates correlated with the previous ratings made by experienced male managers, even though the male managers had access to actual workplace observations. Thus, stereotyping in organizations involves gender stereotypes rather than actual workplace observations. People stereotype other people in organizations because they import stereotypes from non-organizational settings.
cAMP‐dependent reorganization of the Cajal bodies and splicing machinery in cultured Schwann cells

It is well established that forskolin‐induced elevation of cAMP results in activation of DNA synthesis in Schwann cell cultures. This promitotic response is partially mediated by the Cdk2, which is required for the transition from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, we analyze the effects of cAMP elevation in cultured Schwann cells on the transcriptional activity and on the organization of two nuclear compartments involved in pre‐mRNA processing: Cajal bodies (CBs) and splicing factor compartments. Our immunofluorescence and quantitative studies show that forskolin treatment induces a 5.6‐fold increase in the proportion of S phase Schwann cells, detected by a short pulse (20 min) of BrdU incorporation. This increase in DNA synthesis correlates with an activation of global transcription, as is indicated by the higher nuclear incorporation of BrU in nascent RNA. Forskolin treatment significantly increases the percentage of Schwann cells containing typical CBs, which concentrate spliceosomal snRNPs and the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. This increase in the number of CBs closely correlates with the activation of transcription. Moreover, the occurrence of CBs is significantly higher in BrdU (+) cells than in BrdU (−) cells, indicating that entry in the S phase promotes the formation of CBs. During the S phase, Schwann cell nuclei display higher Cdk2 nuclear staining and concentrate this kinase in CBs. Forskolin also induces a redistribution of the pre‐mRNA splicing factors in Schwann cells. Primary cultures of Schwann cells provide an excellent physiological model to demonstrate that the assembly of CBs is a transcription‐ and replication‐dependent cellular event. Moreover, the S phase accumulation of Cdk2 observed in Schwann cells supports a functional link between CBs and DNA replication, which is mediated by the possible participation of CBs in the regulatory control of histone gene expression. GLIA 40:378–388, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EFFECTS OF COHABITATION ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, KIDNEYS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF MALE RATS.

Summary. Male rats were raised to different ages in cohabitation, i.e. with sexually receptive females, and unmated males were raised with spayed females or in all-male groups. The size of the testes, several accessory reproductive organs, kidneys and adrenals was compared. The body composition of the males was determined at 286 days of age. At all times after puberty, the males raised with receptive females had larger accessory reproductive organs and kidneys. At 286 days of age some of the accessory reproductive organs of the unmated males were 35 to 40% smaller, a degeneration of the testes and the coagulating glands had begun and their bodies contained 72% more fat and 6% less total ash. The findings suggest that in the male rat cohabitation is necessary for the proper maintenance of testicular androgen secretion.
The Use of Video-Tape Recording and Micro-Teaching Techniques to Improve Instruction on the Higher Education Level.

EDRS PrIce MF -$0 25 HC -V 05 Descriptors -Classroom Participation, Engineering Education, Feedback, Higher Education, Inservice Teacher Education, *Microteaching, Student Attitudes, *Student Teacher Relationship, Teacher Administrator Relationshlp, Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Behavior, Teacher Improvement, Teacher Motivation, Teaching Models, Teaching Styles, *Teaching Techniques, *Video Tape Recordings
Why Parents Drive Children to School: Implications for Safe Routes to School Programs

Problem: Rates of walking and bicycling to school have declined sharply in recent decades, and federal and state governments have committed funds to reverse these trends. To increase rates of walking and biking to school will require understanding why many parents choose to drive their children to school and how well existing programs, like Safe Routes to School, work. Purpose: We aimed to understand why many parents choose to drive their children even short distances to school, and what implications this has for programs to increase walking and biking to school. Methods: We used data from a telephone survey to explore why parents drive their children to school. Results and conclusions: We found that 75% of parents driving their children less than 2 miles to school said they did this for convenience and to save time. Nearly half of parents driving their children less than 2 miles did not allow their child to walk to school without adult supervision. Accompanying a child on a walk to school greatly increases the time the household devotes to such a trip. Few Safe Routes to School programs effectively address issues of parental convenience and time constraints. Takeaway for practice: Safe Routes to School programs should take parental convenience and time constraints into account by providing ways children can walk to school supervised by someone other than the parent, such as by using walking school buses. To be effective, such programs need institutional support. Schools should take a multimodal approach to pupil transportation. Research support: This research was funded by the Active Living Research program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the U.S. and California Departments of Transportation through the University of California Transportation Center.
SUT Submission for NIST 2016 Speaker Recognition Evaluation: Description and Analysis

In this paper, the most recent Sharif University of Technology (SUT) speaker recognition system developed for NIST 2016 Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) is described. The major challenge in this evaluation is the language mismatch between training and evaluation data. The submission is related to the ﬁxed condition of NIST SRE 2016 and features a full description of the database and the systems which were used during the evaluation. Most of the systems are developed in the context of the i-vector framework. Preconditioning the i-vectors, score normalization methods and the classiﬁer used are discussed. The performance of the systems on the development and evaluation parts of the NIST 2016 SRE16 dataset are reported and analyzed. The best obtained minimum and actual DCF are 0.666 and 0.740, respectively. This is achieved by score fusion of several systems and using different methods for mismatch compensation.
Sources of Meaning through the Lifespan

185 men and women representing five developmental ages ranging from younger to older adulthood (17 to 96 yr.) completed several measures to assess the amount and origins of most meaningful events in a person's life. As assessed by a modification of the Purpose-in-Life Test, the amount of purpose did not vary per se with age or sex. Similarly, the sources of meaning did not alter across time or sex. Themes of involvement emerged as the salient sources of meaning and included love, work, births of children, independent pursuits, accidents, illnesses, deaths, separations, or divorces, and to a lesser extent major purchases. The common sources and their timing are discussed within the context of a lifespan developmental model.
Testing emergent gravity with isolated dwarf galaxies

Verlinde (2016) has proposed a new modified theory of gravity, Emergent Gravity (EG), as an alternative to dark matter. EG reproduces the Tully-Fisher relationship with no free parameters and agrees with the velocity curves of most massive, spiral galaxies well. In its current form, the theory only applies to isolated, spherically symmetric systems in a dark energy-dominated Universe, and thus can only be tested fairly with such systems. This paper presents a framework for rotation curve tests of EG using isolated dwarf galaxies. Here I extend the EG equations to axisymmetric distributions for the first time. I also perform a preliminary test of the predictions from EG versus the maximum velocity measurements of 452 isolated dwarf galaxies. I find that EG predicts the maximum velocities of these systems somewhat well for galaxies with measured velocities around 100 km/s. EG severely underpredicts the maximum velocities for dwarf galaxies with measured velocities greater than this value and overpredicts for those with measured velocities less than this value. Rotation curves of these isolated dwarf galaxies would provide the definitive test of EG.
The effects of active labour market policies in Sweden: What is the evidence?

The Swedish experiences of the 1990s provide a unique example of how large-scale active labour market programmes (ALMPs) have been used as a means to fight high unemployment. This paper surveys the empirical studies of the effects of ALMPs on (un)employment in Sweden. The main conclusions are: (i) there is hardly any evidence for a positive effect on matching efficiency; (ii) there are some indications of positive effects on labour force participation; (iii) subsidised employment seems to cause displacement of regular employment, whereas this appears not to be the case for labour market training; (iv) it is unclear whether or not ALMPs raise aggregate wage pressure in the economy; (v) in the 1990s, training programmes seem not to have enhanced the employment probabilities of participants, whereas some forms of subsidised employment seem to have had such effects; and (vi) youth programmes seem to have caused substantial displacement effects at the same time as the gains for participants appear uncertain. On the whole, ALMPs have probably reduced open unemployment, but also reduced regular employment. The overall policy conclusion is that ALMPs of the scale used in Sweden in the 1990s are not an efficient means of employment policy. To be effective, ALMPs should be used on a smaller scale. There should be a greater emphasis on holding down long-term unemployment in general and a smaller emphasis on youth programmes. ALMPs should not be used as a means to renew unemployment benefit eligibility.
Handing out grades for care in chronic kidney disease: nephrologists versus non-nephrologists.

There has been a remarkable increase in the collective awareness of the impact and the extent of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States in the past 5 to 10 yr. When, in the 1990s, nephrology experts were asked to speculate on the size of the CKD population, rarely did any such experts provide an estimate of >1,000,000 US citizens. These estimates were not unreasonable given that approximately 100,000 patients were entering ESRD dialysis programs per year and that the mean duration of antecedent CKD was approximately 10 yr. We are now aware that 15 to 16 million US citizens have stage 2 or 3 CKD, and another 1 million or so are in stages 4 and 5 (1,2). The high prevalence of CKD justifies effort to develop a strategy for dealing with it as a matter of public health. This gives rise to several questions: 1. What is the optimal way to leverage the expertise of nephrologists given that there are more than 2000 patients with CKD stages 2 through 5 for every practicing nephrologist in the United States? 2. At which stage of CKD should patients be referred to a nephrologist? 3. What is the level of expertise that can be expected of general internists or other primary care providers in the management of CKD? 4. What is the best way to involve allied health professionals in multidisciplinary CKD care? 5. Is there a point, before ESRD, at which the nephrologist should assume primary care of a patient with CKD? 6. Should it be the purview of CKD clinics to manage cardiovascular risk, given the high cardiovascular morbidity that is conferred by CKD? CKD is a multisystem disease, and optimal therapy for CKD will address its many facets. Although the complexity of this may seem daunting, the individual processes are predictable …
Mutations in Multiple Domains of Gag Drive the Emergence of In Vitro Resistance to the Phosphonate-Containing HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor GS-8374

ABSTRACT GS-8374 is a potent HIV protease inhibitor (PI) with a unique diethyl-phosphonate moiety. Due to a balanced contribution of enthalpic and entropic components to its interaction with the protease (PR) active site, the compound retains activity against HIV mutants with high-level multi-PI resistance. We report here the in vitro selection and characterization of HIV variants resistant to GS-8374. While highly resistant viruses with multiple mutations in PR were isolated in the presence of control PIs, an HIV variant displaying moderate (14-fold) resistance to GS-8374 was generated only after prolonged passaging for >300 days. The isolate showed low-level cross-resistance to darunavir, atazanavir, lopinavir, and saquinavir, but not other PIs, and contained a single R41K mutation in PR combined with multiple genotypic changes in the Gag matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid, and SP2 domains. Mutations also occurred in the transframe peptide and p6* domain of the Gag-Pol polyprotein. Analysis of recombinant HIV variants indicated that mutations in Gag, but not the R41K in PR, conferred reduced susceptibility to GS-8374. The Gag mutations acted in concert, since they did not affect susceptibility when introduced individually. Analysis of viral particles revealed that the mutations rendered Gag more susceptible to PR-mediated cleavage in the presence of GS-8374. In summary, the emergence of resistance to GS-8374 involved a combination of substrate mutations without typical resistance mutations in PR. These substrate changes were distributed throughout Gag and acted in an additive manner. Thus, they are classified as primary resistance mutations indicating a unique mechanism and pathway of resistance development for GS-8374.
Discrepancy estimates for sequences: new results and open problems

In this paper we give an overview of recent results on (upper and lower) discrepancy estimates for (concrete) sequences in the unit-cube. In particular we also give an overview of discrepancy estimates for certain classes of hybrid sequences. Here by a hybrid sequence we understand an $(s+t)$-dimensional sequence which is a combination of an $s$-dimensional sequence of a certain type (e.g. Kronecker-, Niederreiter-, Halton-,. type) and a $t$-dimensional sequence of another type. The analysis of the discrepancy of hybrid sequences (and of their components) is a rather current and vivid branch of research. We give a collection of some challenging open problems on this topic.
MPA increases idarubicin‐induced apoptosis in chronic lymphatic leukaemia cells via caspase‐3

The caspase family of protease is speculated to have a crucial role in apoptosis. The effect of treatment with Idarubicin (IDA) and Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), used alone or in combination, on the activation of Caspase‐3 in canine Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia (CLL) cells was investigated, in order to clarify the mechanism of chemo‐ and hormone‐therapy mediated apoptosis. Caspase activity was determined by a quantitative fluorimetric assay. Apoptosis was monitored by propidium iodide (PI) and nucleosomes assay. Treatment of CLL cells for 24 h with MPA 5 μM did not significantly activate caspase‐3 but its activity was increased almost 5‐fold more with IDA 1 μM (P < 0.05) than control. Treatment of CLL cells with IDA 1 μM in equimolecular association with MPA was able to increase the activation of caspase‐3 induced by IDA of the 61.2% (P < 0.05) in comparison with IDA alone. The activation of caspase‐3 was confirmed evaluating apoptosis by PI and nucleosomes assay. Furthermore, both caspase‐3 activation and apoptosis triggered by IDA alone or in combination with MPA were significantly inhibited by specific caspase‐3 inhibitor AC‐DEVD‐CMK. These findings provide an explanation for IDA and MPA induced‐apoptosis mechanism. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 747–754, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interior-Point Methods for the Monotone Semidefinite Linear Complementarity Problem in Symmetric Matrices

The SDLCP (semidefinite linear complementarity problem) in symmetric matrices introduced in this paper provides a unified mathematical model for various problems arising from systems and control theory and combinatorial optimization. It is defined as the problem of finding a pair $(\X,\Y)$ of $n \times n$ symmetric positive semidefinite matrices which lies in a given $n(n+1)/2$ dimensional affine subspace $\FC$ of $\SC^2$ and satisfies the complementarity condition $\X \bullet \Y = 0$, where $\SC$ denotes the $n(n+1)/2$-dimensional linear space of symmetric matrices and $\X \bullet \Y$ the inner product of $\X$ and $\Y$. The problem enjoys a close analogy with the LCP in the Euclidean space. In particular, the central trajectory leading to a solution of the problem exists under the nonemptiness of the interior of the feasible region and a monotonicity assumption on the affine subspace $\FC$. The aim of this paper is to establish a theoretical basis of interior-point methods with the use of Newton directions toward the central trajectory for the monotone SDLCP.
Interference Due to Haemolysis in Routine Photometric Analysis—A Survey

To assess the affect of haemolysis on routine photometric methods used by participants in the Irish External Quality Assessment Scheme for Clinical Biochemistry (1EQAS) a sample was distributed with a supplied diluent containing haemoglobin. A sample of the same batch had previously been circulated as a normal distribution. Many analytes/methods were affected by the haemolysis. The range of values reported for each analyte was as follows. Albumin 34–48 g/L (baseline 37 g/L). Calcium 2.16–2.68 mmol/L (baseline 2.34 mmol/L). Urate 90–470 μmol/L (baseline 195 μmol/L). Creatinine 55–161 μmol/L (baseline 140 μmol/L). Glucose 4.1–5.6 mmol/L (baseline 4.8 mmol/L). Bilirubin 14–60 μmol/L (baseline 36 μmol/L). Urea 3.4–7.3 mmol/L (baseline 3.8 mmol/L). Iron 17.9–55.0 μmol/L (baseline 26.8 μmol/L). Inorganic phosphorus 0.22–2.41 mmol/L (baseline 1.59 mmol/L). Cholesterol 3.0–5.9 mmol/L (baseline 4.1 mmol/L). In some situations the use of an appropriate blank may solve the problem, but it must be remembered that interference caused by haemoglobin may be more complex than merely spectral.