Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Stored-Product Pests in Food Processing Plants with Pheromone Trapping, Contour Mapping, and Mark-Recapture

Abstract Distribution and movement patterns of several species of stored-product pests in a food processing plant were investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the temporal and spatial variation in abundance of stored-product pests using pheromone traps; assess the effectiveness of trap type, location, and number on monitoring insect populations; and to evaluate the nature of pheromone trap capture hot spots by measuring patterns of insect movement. We determined that the distributions of Trogoderma variabile Ballion, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) within the facility were typically clumped and that foci of high trap captures, based on visual observation of contour maps, varied among species and over time. Trap type and location influenced the number of T. variabile captured: traps on the floor and along walls captured more individuals than hanging traps and traps next to support pillars. T. variabile was the predominant insect pest at this facility and from mark-recapture studies, we found that individual beetles moved across multiple floors in the facility and from 7 to 216 m though the warehouse.
Effects of slaughter weight and growth rate on the longissimus muscle metabolic characteristics, and pork sensory quality in pigs of two sexes

Abstract: A total of 119 pigs were used to investigate the effect of slaughter weight (107, 115, and 125 kg), growth rate (fast vs. slow), and sex (barrows vs. gilts) on the longissimus muscle biochemical and sensory traits. Increasing slaughter weight to 125 kg resulted in greater postmortem activity of calpastatin (P = 0.01), lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.01), and citrate synthase (P = 0.02). Pork toughness and juiciness at 6 d were affected by the interaction slaughter weight × growth rate × sex, with pork being tougher (P = 0.04) and juicer (P = 0.03) in slow-growing gilts slaughtered at 125 and 115 kg, respectively. Flavour was scored higher (P = 0.03) in pork from gilts than from barrows. Overall, based on the slight and likely undetectable differences by the average consumer in the meat sensory traits, it can be concluded that slaughter weight can be increased to 125 kg without appreciable effect on the sensory properties.
Psychometric Testing: Critical Perspectives

• A state-of-the-art exploration of the contemporary field of psychometric testing, bringing together the latest theory and evidencebased practice from 21 global experts • Explores a variety of topics related to the field, including test construction, use and applications in human resources and training, assessment and verification of training courses, and consulting • Includes applications for clinical psychology, performance psychology, and sport and exercise psychology across a range of professions (research, teaching, coaching, consulting, and advising) • Acknowledges the dynamic nature of the field and identifies future directions in need of more research, including Internet and smart phone testing
Attraction of Southern Pine Engravers and Associated Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, and Lanierone in Southeastern United States

Abstract We determined the response of the small southern pine engraver, Ips avulsus (Eichhoff); eastern fivespined ips, Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff); sixspined ips, Ips calligraphus (Germar); and pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) to the pheromones (±)-ipsenol, (±)-ipsdienol, and lanierone in the southeastern United States. Catches of I. avulsus and I. grandicollis to baited multiple-funnel traps were increased by (±)-ipsenol and (±)-ipsdienol in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and North Carolina. In all four localities, the highest numbers of I. avulsus were caught in traps baited with the combination of (±)-ipsenol, (±)-ipsdienol, and lanierone. In Florida, the highest numbers of I. grandicollis were captured in traps baited with the combination of (±)-ipsenol and (±)-ipsdienol (with or without lanierone). In the remaining three localities, the largest catches of I. grandicollis occurred in traps baited with (±)-ipsenol alone or the combination of (±)-ipsenol and (±)-ipsdienol (with or without lanierone). (±)-Ipsdienol was the only consistent attractant for I. calligraphus and I. pini. Attraction of I. pini in North Carolina to (±)-ipsdienol-baited traps was synergized by lanierone but interrupted with (±)-ipsenol. The interruptive effect of (±)-ipsenol on attraction of I. pini to (±)-ipsdienol was negated by lanierone. (±)-Ipsdienol was attractive to black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), in Florida but not North Carolina, whereas (±)-ipsdienol was attractive to I. calligraphus in Louisiana, Georgia, and Florida. Both (±)-ipsenol and (±)-ipsdienol affected catches of Gnathotrichus materiarus (Fitch) in North Carolina. Trap catches of Hylurgops rugipennis pinifex (Fitch), Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, and Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff were unaffected by the pheromone treatments. The combination of (±)-ipsenol, (±)-ipsdienol, and lanierone may be a cost-effective general lure for I. avulsus, I. grandicollis, and I. pini.
Residual effects of one-time manure, crop residue and fertilizer amendments on a desurfaced soil

Larney, F.J., Janzen, H.H. and Olson, A.F. 2011. Residual effectsof one-time manure, crop residue and fertilizer amendments on a desurfaced soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 1029-1043. Organic amendments are often used to mitigate the effects of soil degradation caused by erosion. In spring 1992, a desurfaced soil (~15 cm depth mechanically removed to simulate erosion) received one-time applications of amendments (20 Mg ha-1 dry wt), and was subsequently seeded annually to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). By 2009, six treatments (fresh and old cattle manure, hog and poultry manure, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay and straw+200 kg P ha-1) had cumulative yields which were not significantly different (-6.5 to -19.5%) from the topsoil check treatment (no topsoil removed, no amendment). Most (8 of 13) amendment treatments showed significant power function relationships between cumulative grain yield (expressed as a percent of topsoil check) and time while two (hog and poultry manure) were quadratic. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accrued on all treatments over time, increasing significantly from an average of 12.2 g kg-1 in 1992 to 13.2 g kg-1 (0-15 cm depth) in 2003. Residual amendment effects on total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were apparent 11.5 yr after application. Results demonstrated that while drastically disturbed soils may recover productivity in the absence of organic amendments (e.g., eroded check treatment), organic amendments play a residual role in their ongoing maintenance.
Wheat yield and soil properties reveal legacy effects of artificial erosion and amendments on a dryland Dark Brown Chernozem

Abstract: Erosion leads to substantial loss of soil productivity. To abate such decline, amendments such as manure or fertilizer have been successfully employed. However, the longevities of erosion and soil amendment legacy effects are not well quantified. In 1957, a Dark Brown Chernozem soil at Lethbridge, AB, was land-levelled, creating three degrees of topsoil removal or erosion: noneroded, moderate erosion, or severe erosion. Two amendment studies (1980–1985 and 1987–1991) were superimposed on the erosion treatments. Both studies were cropped to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 1993–2010 to examine legacy effects of erosion and soil amendments on wheat yield and soil properties. Without amendment, mean wheat yield under moderate erosion was 40% of the noneroded treatment, whereas severe erosion was 34% of the noneroded treatment, 36–42 yr (1993–1999) after erosion. Under moderate or severe erosion, the restorative power of manure diminished substantially in the first 10–15 yr following cessation of addition, but then levelled off resulting in wheat yields up to 35% higher than equivalent nonamended treatments. Legacy effects of erosion (54 yr) and amendment (27–31 yr) on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were also observed.
Estimating Populations of Adult Ixodes scapularis in Mississippi Using a Sequential Bayesian Algorithm

Abstract A sequential Bayesian algorithm and accompanying computer program were developed and validated to estimate population numbers of adult blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, using mark–release–recapture methodology in field plots in central Mississippi. In fieldwork, data taken in February 2005 in a 1-ha plot yielded an estimate of 317 adult I. scapularis per ha. Data from another field plot in 2006, 3 km away, yielded an estimate of 280 adult I. scapularis per ha. The number of ticks collected per hour in both plots averaged 4.5. In eight of 14 (57%) of sampling events, the number of ticks collected per hour hovered closely around 5.0 (4.8–5.3). The computer program developed in this study readily produced statistical measures such as mean number of ticks per plot, mode, variance, and standard deviation, as well as easy-to-read graphs of estimated tick populations for each sampling period.
Feeding increasing dietary inclusions of extruded Brassica juncea canola expeller-pressed cake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acids of growing-finishing pigs

Zhou, X. , Young, M. G. , Zamora, V. , Zijlstra, R. T. and Beltranena, E. 2014. Feeding increasing dietary inclusions of extruded Brassica juncea canola expeller-pressed cake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acids of growing-finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 331-342. The energy value of canola meal is considered low because of its relatively higher fibre and depleted oil content. Brassica juncea is a novel canola species with thinner seed coat and reduced fibre, but twice the glucosinolate content of B. napus. Remaining oil in canola cake provides greater dietary energy compared with solvent-extracted meal. Extrusion prior to expeller pressing may increase fat and protein digestibility and decrease the antinutritive effects of glucosinolates. A total of 880 pigs (38 kg), housed in 40 pens by sex, were fed 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% extruded B. juncea expeller-pressed cake (EPC) to slaughter weight (120 kg) to evaluate the effects on growth performance, dressing, carcass traits, and jowl fatty acids. Diets provided 9.6 MJ net energy (NE) and 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.7 g standardized ileal digestible Lys:MJ NE over five growth phases (days 0-14, 15-35, 36-56, 57-74, day 75 to slaughter weight). Each 5% EPC inclusion linearly decreased (P<0.05) feed disappearance (ADFI) by 46 g and weight gain (ADG) by 8 g, but did not affect gain:feed. Each 5% EPC inclusion linearly decreased (P<0.01) carcass weight by 440 g, loin depth by 0.6 mm, and increased days on test by 0.43, but did not affect dressing, backfat thickness, lean yield, or carcass index. Each 5% EPC inclusion linearly increased (P<0.001) mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid content and iodine value by 0.8, 1.0 and 1.4 g 100 g-1 of jowl fat, respectively. In conclusion, increasing dietary EPC inclusions decreased ADFI, ADG, carcass weight, and loin depth, and increased jowl fat unsaturation. We attributed much of the decrease in feed intake to greater 3-butenyl (9.7 µmol g-1) content in extruded B. juncea canola expeller-pressed cake, a glucosinolate more bitter than others in conventional canola.
Development and evaluation of software for applied clinical genomics

High-throughput next-generation DNA sequencing has evolved rapidly over the past 20 years. The Human Genome Project published its first draft of the human genome in 2000 at an enormous cost of 3 billion dollars, and was an international collaborative effort that spanned more than a decade. Subsequent technological innovations have decreased that cost by six orders of magnitude down to a thousand dollars, while throughput has increased by over 100 times to a current delivery of gigabase of data per run. In bioinformatics, significant efforts to capitalize on the new capacities have produced software for the identification of deviations from the reference sequence, including single nucleotide variants, short insertions/deletions, and more complex chromosomal characteristics such as copy number variations and translocations. Clinically, hospitals are starting to incorporate sequencing technology as part of exploratory projects to discover underlying causes of diseases with suspected genetic etiology, and to provide personalized clinical decision support based on patients’ genetic predispositions. As with any new large-scale data, a need has emerged for mechanisms to translate knowledge from computationally oriented informatics specialists to the clinically oriented users who interact with it. In the genomics field, the complexity of the data, combined with the gap in perspectives and skills between computational biologists and clinicians, present an unsolved grand challenge for bioinformaticians to translate patient genomic information to facilitate clinical decision-making. This doctoral thesis focuses on a comparative design analysis of clinical decision support systems and prototypes interacting with patient genomes under various sectors of healthcare to ultimately improve the treatment and well-being of patients. Through a combination of usability methodologies across multiple distinct clinical user groups, the thesis highlights reoccurring domain-specific challenges and introduces ways to overcome the roadblocks for translation of next-generation sequencing from research laboratory to a multidisciplinary hospital environment. To improve the interpretation efficiency of patient genomes and informed by the design analysis findings, a novel computational approach to prioritize exome variants ii based on automated appraisal of patient phenotypes is introduced. Finally, the thesis research incorporates applied genome analysis via clinical collaborations to inform interface design and enable mastery of genome analysis.
Sturnira erythromos

CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Chiroptera, family Phyllostomidae, subfamily Stenodermatinae. Recent revisions (Lim 1993; Wetterer et al. 2000) do not support separation of the subfamily Sturnirinae, created to contain Sturnira as its single member (Miller 1907), but recognize the tribe Sturnirini within Stenodermatinae. The following key to currently recognized species of Sturnira is modified principally from Davis (1980) and de la Torre (1961) and includes characters and measurements from Contreras and Cadena (2000), Pacheco and Patterson (1991), and Simmons and Voss (1998).
BURROW STRUCTURE OF THE MUD SHRIMP UPOGEBIA MAJOR (DECAPODA: THALASSINIDEA: UPOGEBIIDAE)

Abstract Burrow structure of the thalassinidean mud shrimp Upogebia major (de Haan) was investigated on a tidal flat in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, using in situ resin casting. Burrow structure consisted of two sections, an upper U-shaped part and a lower I-shaped part, with chambers and short branches on each. Depth of the burrow reached 208 cm, and extrapolations from the data on two incomplete burrows indicate that the maximum depth may exceed 250 cm. The depth of the burrow increased exponentially with carapace length of the inhabiting shrimp. This increase was accounted for principally by vertical extension of the lower I-shaped section. Each burrow was occupied by only a single shrimp. Even small new recruits occupied their own independent burrows. In this respect the mud shrimp proved different from some other thalassinidean shrimps, in which juveniles attach their burrows to those of adults. Feeding and excavating habits of the mud shrimp were considered as explanations for this behavior. Numerous tubes of suspension feeding phoronid worms attached to the burrows. Burrows of the mud shrimp play an important role in oxygenating deeper sediments and structuring the local tidal flat benthic community.
Chloride leaching in two Ontario soils: Measurement and prediction using HYDRUS-1D

Saso, J. K. , Parkin, G. W. , Drury, C. F. , Lauzon, J. D. and Reynolds, W. D. 2012. Chloride leaching in two Ontario soils: Measurement and prediction using HYDRUS-1D. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 285-296. Deterministic numerical modelling can often be used to complement and extend field results, and to provide extra insight into the mechanisms of water and solute movement within the profile of agricultural soils. Chloride leaching and near-surface soil water content in a Guelph loam and a Maryhill loam cropped to corn (Zea mays L.) were measured over a 12-mo period (October 2007 to September 2008) and simulated using the HYDRUS-1D numerical model (version 4.12). Field measurements and prediction indicated that over 70% of the applied chloride (Cl) was lost to deep drainage (below 80 cm depth) during the winter months (November 2007 to April 2008) in both soils. Normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values for HYDRUS-1D estimates of near-surface (0- to 30-cm depth interval) soil water content over the growing season (April to September, 2008) were 28% for Guelph loam and 42% for Maryhill loam. The NRMSE value for estimated versus measured Cl mass remaining in the soil profile (0-80 cm depth interval) over the winter months was 17% for both soils. It was concluded that the HYDRUS-1D model can provide reasonable predictions of near-surface soil water content and profile leaching losses of tracer solutes. Further work is required, however, to determine if the predictive ability of HYDRUS-1D might be improved by incorporating the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil hydraulic properties and solute leaching. Further study is also required to establish the model's ability to simulate the leaching behaviour of reactive solutes, such as nitrate, in agricultural soils.
Aroma and flavour properties of Saskatchewan grown field peas (Pisum sativum L.)

Malcolmson, L. , Frohlich, P., Boux, G. , Bellido, A-S. , Boye, J. and Warkentin, T. D. 2014. Aroma and flavour properties of Saskatchewan grown field peas (Pisum sativum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1419-1426. The aroma and flavour properties of cooked field peas (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Two to four cultivars within four market classes of pea (yellow, green, marrowfat and dun) grown in two locations in Saskatchewan over 2 crop years were evaluated. Panelists found the greatest differences in aroma and flavour properties among market classes, although significant differences were also found among crop year for the aroma attributes of cooked vegetable, earthy, brothy, grainy, hay-like and metallic and the flavour attributes of pea and bitterness. There was also a significant cultivar by crop year interaction for metallic and pea flavor. Dun peas had low intensity scores for sweetness, bitterness and pea flavour. Both green and marrowfat peas had high intensity scores for sweetness and pea flavour. Green peas also had high intensity scores for pea, cooked vegetable, earthy and metallic aroma. Yellow peas had high intensity scores for pea flavour and pea, cooked vegetable and earthy aroma. Differences were found among the four cultivars of yellow peas for bitterness, pea flavour, and pea and earthy aroma. For green peas, differences were found among the three cultivars for pea flavour and aroma. The only difference found among the two cultivars of marrowfat peas was for sweetness. No differences were found between the two cultivars of dun peas. For all pea market classes, milder flavour and aroma may be beneficial in some whole pea or pea flour applications.
The effects of dietary hesperidin supplementation on broiler performance and chicken meat characteristics

Simitzis, P. E. , Symeon, G. K. , Charismiadou, M. A. , Ayoutanti, A. G. and Deligeorgis, S. G. 2011. The effects of dietary hesperidin supplementation on broiler performance and chicken meat characteristics. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 275-282. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing broiler feed with hesperidin, a bioflavonoid that is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of citrus cultivation, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, breast meat quality characteristics and the oxidative stability of breast meat. Eighty 308-d-old Ross male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups. One of the groups served as a control (C) and was given commercial basal diets, whereas the other three groups were given the same diets further supplemented with hesperidin at 1.5 g kg-1 (HE1), or hesperidin at 3.0 g kg-1 (HE2), or a-tocopheryl acetate at 0.2 g kg-1 (VE). At 40 d of age, broilers were fasted for 12 h, weighed and slaughtered. After overnight chilling, carcasses were trimmed for breast fillets by removing skin, bones and connective tissue. The right pectoralis major muscle was used for quality parameters estimation, whereas the left pectoralis major muscle for lipid oxidation measurements. No significant differences were observed after dietary hesperidin or a-tocopheryl acetate supplementation in final body weight (kg), body weight gain (g), feed conversion rate and internal organs weight (g). Shear values (N mm-2), intramuscular fat (%) and cooking loss (%) were also not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. Significant differences were found concerning pH24 and color parameter values among the treatment groups. Measurement of lipid oxidation values showed that as hesperidin increased in the diet, malondialdehyde values decreased in tissue samples, suggesting that hesperidin particularly at 3 g kg-1 exerted an antioxidant effect on chicken tissues (P<0.01). However, dietary a-tocopheryl acetate supplementation at 0.2 g kg-1 of feed displayed greater antioxidant activity than hesperidin at either supplementation rate (P<0.01). In conclusion, hesperidin, an abundant component of citrus pulp, positively influences meat antioxidative properties without negative implications on growth performance and meat quality characteristics in poultry, thus appearing to be an important additive for both the consumer and the industry.
Short Communication: Prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility with the ANKOM Daisy II system of ruminant feeds using the gas production technique

Plaizier, J. C. and Li, S. 2013. Short Communication: Prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility with the ANKOM Daisy II system of ruminant feeds using the gas production technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 399-402. The potential of the gas production technique to predict in vitro dry matter digestibility was determined using 50 ruminant feeds, including grass/alfalfa forages, grain crop silages, grains, high protein feeds, and feed straws. Without including the chemical composition in the prediction equation, the prediction of IVDMD based on the cumulative gas production during 48 h alone was poor (R 2=0.48). Including the crude protein and neutral detergent fibre concentrations of the feed in the prediction equation improved the accuracy of the prediction (R 2=0.87), which was higher than that of predicting IVDMD based on the chemical composition alone (R 2=0.82).