Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dysthymic disorder: Treatment with mirtazapine

Dysthymic disorder is a form of chronic depression which often has its onset in childhood or adolescence and is generally persistent throughout life. Although originally hypothesized to be preferentially treated with psychotherapy, recent pharmacological studies support the use of antidepressants to treat patients with dysthymic disorder. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant which has been recently released on the U.S. market. We studied the effects of 15 to 45 mg of mirtazapine in 15 patients with dysthymic disorder on an open label basis over a 10‐week period. Four patients discontinued treatment because of sedation. Mirtazapine was effective and well tolerated in the remaining patients. Depression and Anxiety 10:68–72, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of oral doxapram on morphine-induced changes in the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.

A double-blind crossover volunteer trial has been carried out to determine if oral doxapram reduces the respiratory depression caused by morphine 0.12 mg kg-1 i.m. Doxapram was given to the subjects 90 min before the morphine and significantly reduced the displacement of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide caused by the morphine. This occurred despite the fact that the plasma concentrations of doxapram were significantly lower when the subject had been given morphine than when a placebo injection had been administered. Doxapram alone in doses of 300 mg and 600 mg did not alter significantly the respiratory variables measured in this study.
The use of dietary manipulation by parents of children with atopic dermatitis

Background In 1989 we demonstrated that 71% of children referred to our paediatric dermatology clinic with atopic dermatitis (AD) had been subject to dietary manipulation by their parents in order to manage their disease. We have re‐examined our clinic population to determine whether the documented rise in the use of complementary therapy in children with skin disease has been accompanied by a rise in dietary manipulation.
Spectroscopic characterization of heat‐induced nonnative β‐lactoglobulin monomers

Previous studies have shown that two altered monomeric species were formed in the early steps of thermal denaturation of bovine β‐lactoglobulin (β‐lg), the well‐known Cys121‐exposed intermediate (Mcys121), and a new, stable monomer with exposed nonnative Cys119 (Mcys119). In this study, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to characterize the structural features of these molecules. The structural characteristics of MCys121 after heating and cooling cycles are similar to those of native β‐lg. In contrast, Mcys119 monomer exhibits some characteristics of the well‐known molten‐globule state. Combined with other published data, these results indicate that heating induces at least two molten globule‐like states of β‐lg, a highly reactive Mcys121 that returns to native state after cooling, and a less‐reactive Mcys119 that is trapped and stabilized in a molten globule‐like state by nonnative disulfide bond.
THE ROLE OF PROLACTIN IN THE RESTORATION OF OVARIAN FUNCTION DURING THE EARLY POST‐PARTUM PERIOD IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

Serial plasma levels of prolactin, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β‐oestradiol (E) and progesterone (P) were determined by radioimmunoassay in ten healthy women during late pregnancy and puerperium until the occurrence of the first menstruation, at which moment an endometrial biopsy was taken. Prolactin concentrations, which were high during late pregnancy and the early post‐partum period, declined thereafter but remained above 30 ng/ml plasma during the period of breast‐feeding. FSH was nearly undetectable during late pregnancy and the first week post‐partum but returned to normal levels between days 7 and 18. Thereafter relatively high FSH levels were found during the period of hyperprolactinaemia. Following clearance of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) during the first 2 weeks post‐partum, LH remained below the normal cyclic range in all cases for at least 28 days. Placental E and P were fully cleared within 7 days. In spite of relatively high levels of FSH, E remained low as did LH during the period of hyperprolactinaemia. Thereafter E increased followed by an increase of LH, suggesting a positive feedback of E on LH release. The first menses observed in five subjects during the study were preceded by (subnormal P levels for a relatively short period although the endometrial biopsies showed only late proliferative changes.
The full competence hypothesis of clause structure in early German

We argue that young German children have the major functional sentential heads, in particular the inflectional and complementizer systems. The major empirical basis is natural production data from a 25-month-old child. We perform quantitative analyses which show that the full complement of functional categories is available to the child, and that what crucially distinguishes the child's grammar from the adult's is the use of infinitives in matrix clauses. The evidence we consider includes the child's knowledge of finiteness and verb placement, agreement, head movement, and permissible wordorder variations. We examine several accounts which presuppose a degenerate grammar or which deviate from the standard analysis of German and conclude that they provide a less adequate explanation of the acquisition facts. *
Large Dosage Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Compared With Azithromycin, for the Treatment of Bacterial Acute Otitis Media in Children

Background: A large dosage pediatric formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanate with an improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile was developed to eradicate many penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains). Methods: This randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter trial examined treatment of bacterial acute otitis media (AOM) in children 6–30 months of age with amoxicillin/clavulanate (90/6.4 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses for 10 days) versus azithromycin (10 mg/kg for 1 day followed by 5 mg/kg/d for 4 days). Tympanocentesis was performed at entry for bacteriologic assessment, at the on-therapy visit (day 4–6) to determine bacterial eradication and at any time before the end-of-therapy visit (day 12–14) if the child was categorized as experiencing clinical failure. Clinical assessments were performed at the on-therapy, end-of-therapy and follow-up (day 21–25) visits. Results: We enrolled 730 children; AOM pathogens were isolated at baseline for 249 of the amoxicillin/clavulanate group and 245 of the azithromycin group. For children with AOM pathogens at baseline, clinical success rates at the end-of-therapy visit were 90.5% for amoxicillin/clavulanate versus 80.9% for azithromycin (P < 0.01), and those at the on-therapy and follow-up visits were 94.9% versus 88.0% and 80.3% versus 71.1%, respectively (all P < 0.05). At the on-therapy visit, pretherapy pathogens were eradicated for 94.2% of children receiving amoxicillin/clavulanate versus 70.3% of those receiving azithromycin (P < 0.001). Amoxicillin/clavulanate eradicated 96.0% of S. pneumoniae (92.0% of fully penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae) and 89.7% of H. influenzae (85.7% [6 of 7 cases] of β-lactamase-positive H. influenzae). Corresponding rates for azithromycin were 80.4% (54.5%) for S. pneumoniae and 49.1% (100% [1 of 1 case]) for H. influenzae (all P < 0.01 for between-drug comparisons). Conclusion: Amoxicillin/clavulanate was clinically and bacteriologically more effective than azithromycin among children with bacterial AOM, including cases caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and β-lactamase-positive H. influenzae.
Blood pressure trends, plasma insulin levels and risk factors in rural and urban elderly populations of North India

Objective To compare the prevalence of hypetension and its risk factors with age-specific blood piessures in rural and urban subjects.Design and setting A cross-sectional survey of two randomly selected vllages and 20 randomly selected streets in Moradabad. north India.Subjects and methods The subjects were 255 rural people (140 men. 1 15 women) and 31 1 urban people (172 men, 139 women) aged 60–84 years. The survey methods were questionnaires, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements and electrocardiography.Results The mean ± SD blood pressures, both systolic (1 37.7 ± 1 3 versus 1 31.2 ± 12 mmHg) and diastolic (89.8 ± 41 versus 85.8 ± 9 mmHg) were significantly higher in urban men than they were in rural men. Similar differences between systolic (1 35.6 ± 1 1 versus 1 29.2 ± 10 mmHg) and diastolic (90 ± 10 versus 87.6 ± 9 mmHg) blood pressures were found among urban and rural women, respectively. A significant correlation between systolic blood pressures and increasing age was observed both for rural and for urban subjects of both sexes. The overall prevalences of hypertension based on World Health Organization criteria (17.6 versus 5.0%) and Joint National Committee fifth report criteria (34.0 versus 10.1%) were significantly higher among urban than they were among rural subjects. Multivanate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, central obesity, glucose intolerance, 2h plasma insulin and tnglycende level were associated independently with hypertension.Conclusions The findings indicate that urban subjects had higher blood pressures than did rural subjects and that age, body mass index, central obesity and 2h plasma insulin levels were significant risk factors for hypertension in an elderly population.
Laboratory investigation and comparison of Salmonella Brandenburg cases in New Zealand

An apparent increase in the incidence of S. Brandenburg in New Zealand, coupled with the possibility that the virulence of the organism may also be changing, prompted this study. Three typing methods: macro-restriction fragment length polymorphism (MRFLP) profiling using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profiling and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling were used to determine strain diversity amongst 115 recent and historical isolates of S. Brandenburg from both human cases and non-human sources. Antimicrobial resistance was noted only in three isolates. Plasmids of varying sizes were found in 31 isolates. MRFLP analysis resulted in 13 different patterns. Combining the three sets of typing data yielded 24 composite types. Comparison of composite type, isolation date and geographical location of case allowed the retrospective recognition of seven potential clusters during the 5-year study period. Composite types of 24 (80%) of the non-human isolates tested were indistinguishable from human isolates, suggesting that human infection may be via a number of vehicles. Although not cost-effective for routine use on all salmonella isolates, the methods used in this study are an important adjunct to serotyping for discrimination within an emerging serotype.
2 plate and with the prediction of Grossmann and Lohse

We report experimental results for heat-transport measurements, in the form of the Nusselt number Nu, by turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratio 0 ≡ D/L = 1.00 (D = 1.12 m is the diameter and L = 1.12 m the height) and compare them with previously reported results for 0 = 0.50. The measurements were made using sulfur hexafluoride at pressures up to 19 bars as the fluid. They are for the Rayleighnumber range 4 × 1011 . Ra . 2 × 1014 and for Prandtl numbers Pr between 0.79 and 0.86. For Ra < Ra 1 ' 2 × 10 13 we find Nu = N0 Raeff with γeff = 0.321 ± 0.002 and N0 = 0.0776, consistent with classical turbulent RBC in a system with laminar boundary layers (BLs) below the top and above the bottom 6 International Collaboration for Turbulence Research. 7 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. New Journal of Physics 14 (2012) 06303
Endoscopic Laser Surgery: Design, Modeling, and Control

This paper deals with the design, modeling, and control of a compact endoscopic tip for laser steering. It consists of a two-degree-of-freedom microrobotic device based on two linear piezoelectric motors associated with a deformable microfabricated silicon mirror. The proposed device is integrated into an endoscopic tip for microrobot-assisted vocal fold laser microsurgery. The laser motions on the target tissue are controlled using the microrobot device and through a path-following scheme combined with a visual servoing controller. Indeed, the surgeon defines, using a tablet, a path to be followed automatically by the laser at high frequency and under a predefined fixed velocity. The developed device was validated successfully in both realist testbench and preclinical cadaver trials.
A comparative study of methods for the prediction of severity of attacks of acute pancreatitis

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage was carried out in 79 patients with acute pancreatitis, at a mean time of 7 h after admission to hospital. The presence of more than 10 ml of free peritoneal fluid, brown‐coloured free fluid or mid‐straw‐coloured lavage fluid was the criterion used for the prediction of a severe attack by lavage.
Inhaled or nebulised ciprofloxacin for the maintenance treatment of bronchiectasis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inhaled or nebulised antibiotics are a major topic of ongoing research interest in reducing exacerbations in bronchiectasis. There are no licenced inhaled or nebulised antibiotics currently in bronchiectasis. Areas covered: Inhaled or nebulised ciprofloxacin as a long-term treatment in bronchiectasis. Expert opinion: Results from the Phase III ongoing trials on inhaled or nebulised ciprofloxacin will be key for the outcome of the drugs but additionally, cost-effectiveness and longer-term studies will be necessary to determine the viability of the drug. Head to head studies are needed to decide on the optimum inhaled or nebulised antibiotic and their place with or without long term macrolide therapy. It is also important to determine what treatment is viable for acute exacerbations due to P. aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin is the only currently available oral agent for exacerbations due to P. aeruginosa. The concern is that using inhaled or nebulised ciprofloxacin will prevent the use and efficacy of its oral equivalent, by developing resistance.
Blood eosinophil counts for the prediction of the severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthma.

It has been suggested that airway eosinophilic inflammation is associated with the severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Blood eosinophils are known to be an indirect marker of airway inflammation in asthma. The aim of this study is to investigate that a simple and easy blood test for blood eosinphil counts may predict the severity of EIB in asthma. Seventy-seven men with perennial asthma (age range 18-23 years) were included. Lung function test, skin prick test, and blood tests for eosinophils counts and total IgE levels were performed. Methacholine bronchial provocation test and, 24 h later, free running test were carried out. EIB was defined as a 15% reduction or more in post-exercise FEV1 compared with pre-exercise FEV1 value. Atopy score was defined as a sum of mean wheal diameters to allergens. EIB was observed in 60 (78%) of 77 subjects. Asthmatics with EIB showed significantly increased percentages of eosinophils (P<0.01), log eosinophil counts (P<0.001), and atopy scores (P<0.05) and decreased log PC20 values (P < 0.05) compared with asthmatics without EIB. Asthmatics with eosinophils of > 700 microl(-1) (36.9 +/- 12.7%) had significantly greater maximal % fall in FEV1 after exercise than asthmatics with eosinophils of < 350 microl(-1) (24.7 +/- 16.6%, P <0.05). Blood eosinophil counts > 350 microl(-1) yielded the specificity of 88% and positive predictive value of 93% for the presence of EIB. When a multiple regression analysis of maximal % fall in FEV1 according to log eosinophil counts, log PC20, log IgE and atopy score was performed, only blood eosinophil counts were significant factor contributing to the maximal % fall in FEV1 after exercise. These findings not only suggest that a simple blood test for eosinophils may be useful in the prediction of the severity of EIB, but also reinforce the view that airway eosinophilic inflammation may play a major role in EIB in asthma.
IS INDUCTION RESPONSE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH CONSTITUTIVE RESISTANCE IN BLACK MUSTARD?

Abstract Black mustard, Brassica nigra, is highly variable in both constitutive resistance and induction response following damage by herbivores. A focal population from Ithaca, New York, was used to test the following two predictions of optimal defense theory: (1) that allocation to resistance will reduce plant performance in the absence of herbivores; and (2) that induction response will be negatively correlated with constitutive resistance. The experiment consisted of a half-sib mating design with 47 paternal families and four dams per sire, fully crossed with a damage treatment consisting of 25% leaf removal by the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, when plants had four leaves. Leaf trichome density, sinigrin concentration, and glucobrassicin concentration were 38%, 19%, and 16% higher, respectively, for the seventh leaf of damaged plants. Paternal families did not vary significantly in their induction response. Narrow-sense heritabilities were h2s = 0.51, 0.76, and 0.50 for constitutive leaf trichome density, sinigrin concentration, and glucobrassicin concentration, respectively. Positive genetic correlations were found between glucobrassicin concentration and days to first flower, suggesting a genetic cost of resistance. Induction responses were negatively correlated with constitutive allocation for leaf trichome density and sinigrin concentration. The results were therefore consistent with optimal defense theory, offering modest evidence for both predictions.
Protective Role of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Kidney and Lung Injury Following Renal Bilateral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rat Model

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as one of the most complex clinical complications in modern medicine, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is well-known as a main reason of AKI. In addition, AKI leads to important systemic consequences such as acute lung injury. This study was designed to investigate the role of erythropoietin (EPO) on kidney function makers and tissue damage; and lung endothelial permeability and lung water content (LWC) in bilateral renal I/R injury model in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of sham, I/R, and I/R treated with EPO (I/R + EPO) groups. The I/R and I/R + EPO groups were subjected to bilateral renal I/R injury; however, only the I/R + EPO group received EPO (500 IU/kg, i.p.) 2 h before ischemia surgery, and the same dose was continued once a day for 3 days after ischemia. The sham group underwent a surgical procedure without ischemia process. Results: The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) levels, kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), and kidney weight (KW) per 100 g body weight significantly increased in I/R group (P < 0.05). EPO administration decreased levels of BUN and Cr significantly (P < 0.05), and KTDS and KW insignificantly (P = 0.1). No significant differences in kidney and serum levels of malondialdehyde, and lung vascular permeability and LWC were observed between the groups. The serum and kidney levels of nitrite were not significantly different between I/R and sham groups; however, administration of EPO increased the renal level of nitrite (P < 0.05). Conclusions: EPO protected the kidney against I/R injury; however, it may not protect the lung tissue from the damage induced by renal I/R injury in rats.
Procedural success and 30-day clinical outcomes after percutaneous aortic valve replacement using current third-generation self-expanding CoreValve prosthesis.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR) is an emerging alternative for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. The aim of this study was to report acute and short-term outcomes of PAVR with the 18 Fr CoreValve Revalving System. METHODS From January 2007 to July 2008, 69 high-risk symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis were screened to assess their eligibility criteria for PAVR. All candidates were evaluated by a cardiac surgeon and a cardiologist. Thirty patients (13 men, 17 women, ages 82 +/- 5 years, range 73-88 years) met all the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients (97%) underwent successful valve implantation by a retrograde approach, with improvement in valve area (0.61 +/- 0.18 cm(2) to 1.49 +/- 0.39 cm(2); p < 0.001) and transvalvular gradient (58.1 +/- 17.6 mmHg to 9.2 +/- 4.0; p < 0.001). Paravalvular leakages were 1+ (n = 12) and 2+ (n = 2). Procedural success was achieved in 93% of patients, with 1 case of pericardial tamponade occurred during the first 48 hours after implantation. At 30-day mortality was 7%. The mean NYHA Functional Class declined from 2.72 +/- 0.59 to 1.31 +/- 0.47 (p < 0.001). No other major adverse events occurred at a mean follow up of 4.9 +/- 4.0 months (range 1-13 months). CONCLUSIONS Our initial experience of PAVR in a cohort of older and high-risk surgical patients has been positive, with excellent acute and encouraging short-term results in terms of safety and efficacy.
Novel Defects-Trapping ${\rm TaO}_{\rm X}/{\rm HfO}_{\rm X}$ RRAM With Reliable Self-Compliance, High Nonlinearity, and Ultra-Low Current

The dependence of resistive switching of Ta/TaOX/HfOX device governed by general filamentary or novel defects-trapping mechanism on the operation current is demonstrated in this letter. The device with stable resistive switching, high nonlinearity, and robust self-compliance ~ 1 μA is demonstrated, which can be integrated in the vertical RRAM structure. Based on constant current density switching ( ~ 103 A/cm2) governed by defects-trapping transport, where the low and high resistance states attributed to the resistance of Ta/TaOX layer and device initial state, the switching current reduction by scaling down the cell size is proposed in transition metal oxide RRAM.
Hepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma: relation to Epstein–Barr virus and activated cytotoxic molecules

Hepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) is a rare, aggressive subset of peripheral TCL that presents with hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenia. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and activated cytotoxic molecules (granzyme and perforin) are uncommon in hepatosplenic γδ CTL. EBV infection and activated cytotoxic molecules are occasionally detected in non‐hepatosplenic γδ TCL. We describe the clinicopathological features of three Japanese cases who were not immunodeficient.