Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Plant phosphatidic acid metabolism in response to environmental stress

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas has frequently been used as a eukaryotic model system of intracellular phospholipid signalling in response to environmental stress. Previous results showed a rapid salt-induced increase in the putative second messenger, phosphatidic acid (PA), which was suggested to be generated via activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and phospholipase C (PLC) in combination with diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) (Chapter 4; [1, 2]). Also, a rise in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was witnessed, which has previously been attributed to the activation of a phospholipase A2, based on pharmacological evidence [3]. So far, it is unknown where this LPA originated from. This question is complicated even more by the fact that both LPA and PA are precursors for the biosynthesis of structural phospholipids and galactolipids. In this study, we have used in vivo 32P-radiolabelling and fatty acid molecular species analysis to answer the question of LPA’s metabolic origin in the salt stress response. Evidence is provided that LPA is formed from a distinct pool of PA, which is characterized by a high a-linolenic acid (a-LA; 18:3n3) content. This molecular species is most likely derived from PLC hydrolysis of the polyphosphoinositides, and subsequent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol into PA by DGK. Differential 32P-radiolabelling assays indicated a leading role for DGK in providing the PLA2 substrate, and argued against the PA pools from PLD or de novo synthesis via ERor plastid-localized routes.
Once food and drink advanced from their role as simple sustenance into sources 1

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Tourism Insights by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact scholarworks@gvsu.edu. Recommended Citation Kline, Carol S. ; Greenwood, Jerusha; and Joyner, Leah (2015) "Exploring Foodie Segmentation," Journal of Tourism Insights: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.9707/2328-0824.1049
PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN AREAS AROUND LAKHIMPUR TOWN OF ASSAM

AROUND LAKHIMPUR TOWN OF ASSAM SOPHIA M. GOGOI , UMA RAM TAMULY , LAISHRAM SANATHOI KHUMAN , GIRINDRA KUMAR SAIKIA 4 & GAUTAM BORDOLOI 5 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Ve terinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Guwahati, A ssam, India Department of Extension Education, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Joyhing, North Lakhi mpur, Assam, India Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lakhimpur Co llege of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Joyhing, North Lakhi mpur, Assam, India ABSTRACT Mastitis poses a serious threat to the economics of the dairy industry since it affects both the quality and the quantity of milk produced. The subclinical form can be more challenging since it remains largely undiagnosed, persists for longer duration and is more prevalent than the clinical form. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to assess the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in local and cross bred cows of unorganized farms located in and around North Lakhimpur town of the state of Assam. Milk samples from apparently mastitis free 368 quarters of 92 cows belonging to different herds were collected for this study following standard protocol. The samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), Modified Whiteside Test (MWT) and pH test. The pH meter readings of the milk samples could not yield any conclusive difference between the samples. The samples exhibiting gel formation in CMT and MWT were considered as positive for subclinical mastitis. A total number of 18 (19.56 %) cows were found to be CMT positive with all the four quarters showing positive reaction. On quarter basis, 72 (19.56 %) quarters were found to be affected. Similar results were obtained using both the tests. Primary isolation from the positive samples were done on Blood agar followed by subculture on Mac Conkey agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Baird Parker Agar plates, supporting the growth of various types of bacteria for their study and isolation. Bacterial identification was based on their morphology and motility, growth characteristics on the culture medium and biochemical characteristics. Out of the 18 positive samples Klebsiella pneumoniae could be isolated from 11 samples (61.11 %), followed by Escherichia coli from 7 samples (38.88%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. from 5 samples (27.77%) and Proteus spp. from 3 (16.66%).
ASSESSING MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS AND TURBULENCE IN THE PROTOSTELLAR CLUSTER SERPENS SOUTH

Molecular outflows driven by protostellar cluster members likely impact their surroundings and contribute to turbulence, affecting subsequent star formation. The very young Serpens South cluster consists of a particularly high density and fraction of protostars, yielding a relevant case study for protostellar outflows and their impact on the cluster environment. We combined CO J = 1 − 0 ? > observations of this region using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m single-dish telescope. The combined map allows us to probe CO outflows within the central, most active region at size scales of 0.01–0.8 pc. We account for effects of line opacity and excitation temperature variations by incorporating 12CO and 13CO data for the J = 1 − 0 and J = 3 − 2 transitions (using Atacama Pathfinder Experiment and Caltech Submillimeter Observatory observations for the higher CO transitions), and we calculate mass, momentum, and energy of the molecular outflows in this region. The outflow mass-loss rate, force, and luminosity, compared with diagnostics of turbulence and gravity, suggest that outflows drive a sufficient amount of energy to sustain turbulence, but not enough energy to substantially counter the gravitational potential energy and disrupt the clump. Further, we compare Serpens South with the slightly more evolved cluster NGC 1333, and we propose an empirical scenario for outflow-cluster interaction at different evolutionary stages.
Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pini’ in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland

Abnormal shoot branching was observed in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland. These abnormalities resulted in the formation of dense, ball-like structures with dwarfed needles. The presence of phytoplasma in the needles of branched and surrounding symptomless shoots was demonstrated using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primer pairs that amplified phytoplasma 16S rDNA, as well as using restriction fragment length polymorphic analysis of PCR products. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of DNA samples from three P. sylvestris trees with ball-like structures revealed that their fragments of 16S rDNA were identical. The nucleotide sequence showed more than 99% similarity with the corresponding fragments of sequence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma pini'.
Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions APOA 5 Gene Variation Interacts with Dietary Fat Intake to Modulate Obesity and Circulating Triglycerides in a Mediterranean Population 1 , 2

APOA5 is one of the strongest regulators of plasma TG concentrations; nevertheless, its mechanisms of action are poorly characterized. Genetic variability at the APOA5 locus has also been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, this predisposition could be attenuated in the context of a prudent diet as traditionally consumed in the Mediterranean countries. We have investigated the interaction between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the APOA5 gene (-1131T . C) and dietary fat that may modulate TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations and anthropometric measures in overweight and obese participants. We recruited 1465 participants from a Spanish population (20–65 y old; BMI 25–40 kg/m) attending outpatient obesity clinics. Consistent with previous reports, we found an association between the APOA5-1131T. C SNP and TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations that were higher in carriers of the minor allele than in noncarriers (P , 0.001). Moreover, we found a significant genotype-dietary fat interaction for obesity traits. Participants homozygous for the 21131T major allele had a positive association between fat intake and obesity, whereas in those carrying the APOA521131C minor allele, higher fat intakes were not associated with higher BMI. Likewise, we found genotype-dietary fat interactions for TG-rich lipoproteins (P , 0.001). In conclusion, we have replicated previous gene-diet interactions between APOA5 -1131T . C SNP and fat intake for obesity traits and detected a novel interaction for TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations. Our data support the hypothesis that the minor C-allele may protect those consuming a high-fat diet from obesity and elevated concentrations of TG-rich lipoproteins. J. Nutr. 141: 380–385, 2011.
Suspended sediments-discharge hysteresis during rainfall events in a small headwater catchment in the NW Spain

The relation between SS concentration and discharge is not normally homogenous during the event, often producing hysteretic loops. In this work we identify the hysteresis types of the discharge-SS concentration relationships of four single rainfall events produced at differences times of the year and the relationships between the hysteretic loops and the associated source areas. For this study a rural catchment, located in the NW of Spain, with an area of 16 km was selected. Land use is agroforestry and it is draining by a small stream. Significant variations in the concentration and sediment load have been found between events. Relationship between discharge and suspended sediment concentrations during all events is characterized by clockwise or positive hysteresis. Suspended sediment was higher at a given discharge on the rising limb of hydrograph than at the same discharge on the falling limb. Visual observations made within the catchment allowed to relate these hysteresis loops with sources close to the stream, constituting the rills and ephemeral gullies the main sediment sources.
Potential damage costs of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera infestation in Europe – the ‘no control’ scenario

The Western Corn Rootworm (WCR or Dvv., Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) was first detected in Europe in the early nineties in Serbia. Since then the beetle has spread to more than 15 European countries. We assess the potential damage costs of the invasive species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Dvv.) in Europe under a ‘no control’ scenario. While previous studies considered benefits and costs at country level, this study explicitly investigates the external benefits of control in one country for other countries. The assessment considers the spatial and temporal aspects of invasion considering a number of scenarios developed together with experts. The results indicate enormous economic benefits can be gained by controlling further spread of Dvv. The economic benefits of control range between 143 million Euro in the best case and 1739 million Euro in the worst case scenario. The most likely scenario results in average annual economic benefits of 472 million Euro. Even in countries that do not face high damage costs control can be justified as this will reduce the speed of spread of the WCR and generate a positive externality for other regions with higher damage costs.
Examining the nature of resource-based processes in new venture development through a business-duality lens: A farming sector taxonomy

This article investigates the nature of resource-based processes in the development of new ventures, adopting a business duality lens. Business duality occurs where a new venture is developed alongside an established business. The research employs a multiple case study methodology situated in the farming sector. The details of resource assembly and deployment are examined and presented through four stages of the entrepreneurial process: initiation, experimentation, mature and late stage. The findings offer insight into the manner in which resource ties between the businesses relate to processes of resource assembly and deployment and in addition, inform a business duality-based taxonomy. This depicting three generic approaches to managing resource-based processes in the development of new ventures in the farming sector: holistic innovators, reactive innovators and cautious innovators. We conclude by considering the implications of our arguments for new venture activity in other business duality contexts.
A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation

Tracks arise through a complex interplay between animal and substrate. Studying this dynamic process is challenging because most foot-sediment and sediment-sediment interactions are rapid and hidden from view. Herein, we describe a new method for visualizing and quantifying three-dimensional movements of both a morphologically accurate indenter and realistic sediment during track formation. Our method uses biplanar X-ray imaging and an animation-based workflow to reconstruct the trajectories of metal beads seeded throughout the sediment volume. X-rays allow sub-surface motion normally concealed by the foot and opaque matrix to be analyzed at 30 frames per second with sub-millimeter resolution. Results from two case studies of tridactyl tracks in semi-liquid mud provide novel, animated visualizations, examples of ensemble and particle-specific data, as well as measures of precision and accuracy. This methodology has the potential to mechanistically link specific track morphologies to foot movement, clarify undertrack formation, validate computational models, and set a new standard for evidence-based reconstruction of locomotion from fossil footprints. Richard G. Ellis. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA and Structure and Motion Lab, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA United Kingdom richgellis@gmail.com Stephen M. Gatesy (correspondence author). Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA stephen_gatesy@brown.edu
A Foster Care Alumna’s Past and Present Technological Experience

Research on technology use and access among youth raised in non-traditional family structures indicates that the youth’s experiences are different from individuals raised in traditional family structures. Foster care represents a non-traditional family structure that warrants research attention in terms of technology. Using a multicultural feminist framework, the present study explores the past and present technological experience of a woman (30 years old) who was raised in the foster care system. The results are presented as a case study documenting her technological experience in foster care, as she transitioned out of the foster care system, and as she has taken on the roles of wife and mother. Results indicated that the participant had limited access to technology while in the foster care system, and this limited technology access related to her current use and perceptions of technology. Directions for future research are provided.
Testing the Growth Effects of Structural Change

Against the backdrop of Baumol's model of ‘unbalanced growth’, a recent strand of literature has presented models that manage to reconcile structural change with Kaldor's ‘stylized fact’ of the relative constancy of per-capita real GDP growth. Another strand of literature goes beyond this, arguing that the expenditure shifts toward Baumol's ‘stagnant’ sector stimulate rather than dampen long-term economic growth because of the human capital-accumulating nature of major ‘stagnant’ services (like health care and education). This paper tests the relationship between structural change and economic growth empirically by means of a Granger-causality analysis of a panel of 18 OECD countries.
An electron spin polarization study of the interaction of photoexcited triplet molecules with mono- and polynitroxyl stable free radicals

Time-resolved electron spin resonance (TR ESR) has been used to investigate the chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) generated by the interaction of stable free radicals with the triplet states of benzophenone, benzil, and 2-acetylnaphthalene. The stable radicals were mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranitroxyl free radicals possessing the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl moiety. All of the stable radical systems investigated were found to be emissively polarized by interaction with the triplet states, and the phase of polarization was independent of the sign of zero-field splitting (D) of the interacting triple molecule. Possible and likely mechanisms of polarization transfer (creation) resulting from the interaction of photoexcited triplet molecules with nitroxyls in the strong electron exchange are discussed. The emissive CIDEP of nitroxyls observed in the interactions with triplet benzil, which has D > 0, provides strong support for the operation of the radical-triplet pair mechanism. Within the time scale of TR ESR experiments ([approximately]10[sup [minus]7]--10[sup [minus]6] s) no significant variation in the shape of the CIDEP spectra of the nitroxyls was observed, either in viscous media or in micelles. It is concluded that intramolecular spin exchange (or conformational change) of polynitroyls occurs much faster than the time resolution of the experiment. 24 refs., 6more » figs., 1 tab. « less
Why did you pick that? Capturing reasons for assigning value in exploratory search

In this article, we present a set of approaches in analysing data gathered during experimentation with exploratory search systems and users’ acts of judging the relevance of the information retrieved by the system. We present three tools for quantitatively analysing encoded qualitative data: relevance-criteria profile, relevance-judgement complexity and session visualisation. Relevance-criteria profiles capture the prominence of each criterion usage with respect to the search sessions of individuals or selected user groups (e.g. groups defined by the users affiliations and/or level of research experience). Relevance-judgement complexity, on the other hand, reflects the number of criteria involved in a single judgment process. Finally, session visualisation brings these results together in a sequential representation of criteria usage and relevance judgements throughout a session, potentially allowing the researcher to quickly detect emerging patterns with respect to interactions, relevance criteria usage and complexity. The use of these tools is demonstrated using results from a pilot-user study that was conducted at the Robert Gordon University in 2008. We conclude by highlighting how these tools might be used to support the improvement of end-user services in digital libraries.
The B-type variable HD 131120 modelled by rotational modulation

We present ground-based multi-colour Geneva photometry and high-resolution spectra of the variable B-type star HD 131120. All sets of data reveal a monoperiodic star with a period of 1.569 days. We compare the variability of the star with a non-radial g-mode pulsation model and with a rotational modulation model. The latter model appears to be the best explanation for the observed line-prole variations of the star. Moreover, contrary to the pulsational model, it is able to reproduce the behaviour of the rst three moments of the Si and He lines as well as the large variability of their equivalent width. We therefore remove the star from the list of new Slowly Pulsating B stars found from Hipparcos data.
Metabolic adaptations in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits

In order to study the metabolic adaptation in response to 48 h transient doe-litter separation (DLS) in young rabbits (5 rabbits/d group) between postnatal 9 and 11 d, plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, insulin, leptin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) were examined before (6-8 d), during (9-11 d), and after separation (12-16 d). T3 concentrations in newborn control rabbits gradually increased from 0.6 ng/mL at postnatal 6 d to 1.0 ng/mL at postnatal 16 d, whereas those of T4 remained fairly constant (25 ng/mL) up to postnatal 14 d, when T4 gradually declined to 8 ng/mL. T3 values of DLS newborn rabbits did not differ from those of controls at postnatal 10 and 11 d, but were lower (P<0.05) at postnatal 12 d, while T4 concentrations in DLS animals increased, although not signifi cantly, between postnatal 10 and 12 d compared to controls. Insulin concentrations in young control rabbits ranged between 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L in the early postnatal days, whereas those for leptin averaged 2-3 ng/mL. Insulin and leptin values in DLS newborn rabbits were lower (P<0.05) at postnatal 10 and 11 d, but thereafter rebounded to levels close to those of controls. Glycaemia showed a comparable trend in both groups, ranging between 170 and 190 mg/dL up to postnatal 14 d, but thereafter decreased (P<0.05) to values of 120-130 mg/dL independently of treatment. Concentrations of TG varied greatly from day to day around a mean value of 300 mg/dL, whereas those of FFA remained at approximately the same steady-state levels from postnatal 6 to 16 d, averaging 0.8 mM without any signifi cant differences between groups. In conclusion, these fi ndings confi rm that newborn rabbits can cope with the metabolic stress of starvation associated with DLS by lowering insulin and leptin concentrations while maintaining those of thyroid hormones, an overall endocrine response which, together with temporary increase of glucorticoids, successfully maintains an adequate energy balance.
A NEW HYBRID BETWEEN A BLUE WHALE, BALAENOPTERA MUSCULUS, AND A FIN WHALE, B. PHYSALUS: FREQUENCY AND IMPLICATIONS OF HYBRIDIZATION

A female hybrid between a fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and a blue whale (B. mnusculus) was caught in whaling operations in 1984 off northwestern Spain. Its coloration and body proportions were intermediate between those of a fin and a blue whale, although it was anomalously large (19.4 m) when compared to fin whales of similar age (4 yr). It was sexually immature, concomitant with its age but not its length if it were a fin whale. Molecular analyses revealed that the mother of the hybrid was a blue whale and the father a fin whale. Examination of data for the five fin-blue whale hybrids in the literature, plus other anecdotal reports, indicates that hybridization between these two species occurs in various geographic regions and is relatively frequent, notably in light of the absence of reported hybrids between other mysticetes. Either species may act as father or mother, and there does not appear to be a selection for a given sex among the hybrids. The reproductive capacity of these hybrids remains unknown, although incidence of reproductive impairment appears to be higher in hybrid males than in hybrid females.
Periodic traveling--wave solutions of nonlinear dispersive evolution equations

For a general class of nonlinear, dispersive wave equations, existence of periodic, traveling-wave solutions is studied. These traveling waveforms are the analog of the classical cnoidal-wave solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. They are determined to be stable to perturbation of the same period. Their large wavelength limit is shown to be solitary waves.