Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilingualism in Education

The article deals with the issue of bilingualism in education and highlights the significance of this linguistic phenomenon in the process of education. As knowledge of foreign languages is the key priority for any individual in the modern world, bilingualism, even multilingualism is supported in Azerbaijani system of education as well as in any country in the world. Considering great challenges learners face in the process of second language acquisition, there should be organized way for realization of bilingual education without damaging their linguistic psychology.
Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure and Determinant Factors: Empirical Evidence from Islamic Banks in Indonesia

This research aims to measure Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure score and to test the factors that affected them. The determinant factors tested were Profitability, Company Size, Company Age, and Liquidity. The population in this research include Islamic banks in Indonesia in the period of 2013-2016. Purposive sampling was used and data were obtained from 36 observations in 9 Islamic Banks. The analytical technique used in this research was multiple linear regressions. The analysis results show that the awareness of Islamic banks to report their social responsibility is still low. Profitability has no positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure. Bank size has a positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure, while both Liquidity and Bank Age have a negative effect on Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure.
Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children.

BACKGROUND Croup is a common childhood illness characterized by barky cough, stridor, hoarseness and respiratory distress. Children with severe croup are at risk for intubation. Nebulized epinephrine (NE) may prevent intubation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NE in children presenting to emergency department (ED) or admitted to hospital with croup. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 4), containing the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialized Register, MEDLINE (1966 to November Week 1, 2010), EMBASE (1980 to November 2010), Web of Science (1974 to November 2010), CINAHL (1982 to November 2010) and Scopus (1996 to November 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of children with croup evaluated in an ED or admitted to hospital. Comparisons were: NE versus placebo, racemic NE versus L-epinephrine (an isomer), and NE delivered by intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) versus NE without IPPB. Primary outcome was change in croup score post-treatment. Secondary outcomes were rate and duration of intubation and hospitalization, croup return visit, parental anxiety and side effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently identified potentially relevant studies by title and abstract (when available) and examined relevant studies using a priori inclusion criteria, followed by methodologic quality assessment. One author extracted data while the second checked accuracy. We performed standard statistical analyses. MAIN RESULTS Eight studies (225 participants) were included. NE was associated with croup score improvement 30 minutes post-treatment (three RCTs, standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.37 to -0.51; I(2) statistic = 0%). This effect was not significant two and six hours post-treatment. NE was associated with significantly shorter hospital stay than placebo (one RCT, mean difference -32.0 hours; 95% CI -59.1 to -4.9). Comparing racemic and L-epinephrine, no difference in croup score was found after 30 minutes (SMD 0.33; 95% CI -0.42 to 1.08). After two hours, L-epinephrine showed significant reduction compared with racemic epinephrine (one RCT, SMD 0.87; 95% CI 0.09 to 1.65). There was no significant difference in croup score between administration of NE via IPPB versus nebulization alone at 30 minutes (one RCT, SMD -0.14; 95% CI -1.24 to 0.95) or two hours (SMD -0.72; 95% CI -1.86 to 0.42). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS NE is associated with clinically and statistically significant transient reduction of symptoms of croup 30 minutes post-treatment. Evidence does not favor racemic epinephrine or LE, or IPPB over simple nebulization.
Interleukin‐32 production associated with biliary innate immunity and proinflammatory cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of cholangitis in biliary atresia

Biliary atresia (BA) is thought to be associated with infections by viruses such as Reoviridae and is characterized histologically by fibrosclerosing cholangitis with proinflammatory cytokine‐mediated inflammation. Interleukin (IL)‐32 affects the continuous inflammation by increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, the role of IL‐32 in the cholangitis of BA was examined. Immunohistochemistry for IL‐32 and caspase 1 was performed using 21 samples of extrahepatic bile ducts resected from BA patients. Moreover, using cultured human biliary epithelial cells (BECs), the expression of IL‐32 and its induction on stimulation with a Toll‐like receptor [(TLR)‐3 ligand (poly(I:C)] and proinflammatory cytokines was examined. BECs composing extrahepatic bile ducts showing cholangitis expressed IL‐32 in BA, but not in controls. Caspase 1 was expressed constantly on BECs of both BA and control subjects. Furthermore, poly(I:C) and proinflammatory cytokines [(IL‐1β, interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α] induced IL‐32 expression strongly in cultured BECs, accompanying the constant expression of TLR‐3 and caspase 1. Our results imply that the expression of IL‐32 in BECs was found in the damaged bile ducts of BA and induced by biliary innate immunity via TLR‐3 and proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that IL‐32 is involved initially in the pathogenic mechanisms of cholangitis in BA and also plays an important role in the amplification and continuance of periductal inflammatory reactions. It is therefore tempting to speculate that inhibitors of IL‐32 could be useful for attenuating cholangitis in BA.
Experimental Evidence Supports a Sex-Specific Selective Sieve in Mitochondrial Genome Evolution

Polymorphisms in the organelle genome have little effect in female flies but do alter gene expression in males. Mitochondria are maternally transmitted; hence, their genome can only make a direct and adaptive response to selection through females, whereas males represent an evolutionary dead end. In theory, this creates a sex-specific selective sieve, enabling deleterious mutations to accumulate in mitochondrial genomes if they exert male-specific effects. We tested this hypothesis, expressing five mitochondrial variants alongside a standard nuclear genome in Drosophila melanogaster, and found striking sexual asymmetry in patterns of nuclear gene expression. Mitochondrial polymorphism had few effects on nuclear gene expression in females but major effects in males, modifying nearly 10% of transcripts. These were mostly male-biased in expression, with enrichment hotspots in the testes and accessory glands. Our results suggest an evolutionary mechanism that results in mitochondrial genomes harboring male-specific mutation loads.
CIFRA: Challenging the ICT Patent Framework for Responsible Innovation. D2.3: Report on the Ethical Implications

Authors Morandi Raffaele (Bocconi) Dalay Hakki Dogan (Bocconi) Andrea Fosfuri (Bocconi&CRIOS) Blind Knut (Fraunhofer) Antonio López-Carrasco (Telefonica) Eduardo Fullea (Telefonica) Ester Martinez (UC3M) Disclaimer The information, documentation and figures available in this deliverable, is written by the CIFRA project consortium under EC grant agreement Grant Agreement No.731940 and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. The European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.
Comparative neurovirulence of selected vesicular stomatitis virus temperature-sensitive mutants of complementation groups II and III

Weanling mice were inoculated intracerebrally with selected vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) complementation group II and III temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. Of the VSV ts mutants studied, only ts G32, a group III complementation mutant, appeared neurovirulent. Interestingly, neither the capacity to replicate in central nervous system tissue nor the ability to replicate in certain neurally derived continuous cell lines at semipermissive or nonpermissive temperatures appeared different among the VSV ts mutants employed. Finally, the pathological alterations in central nervous system tissue produced by VSV ts G32 were entirely different than those produced by G31 VSV ts in the group III mutant. These studies support the hypothesis that both the virological and neuropathological features produced by different VSV ts mutants are dependent upon the unique characteristics of each mutant, rather than upon a common biochemical defect shared by all members of a complementation group.
Ovarian endometrioid tumors mimicking sertoli and sertoli‐leydig cell tumors. Sertoliform variant of endometrioid carcinoma

We have encountered four cases of an unusual variant of well‐differentiated endometrioid carcinoma that was predominantly composed of tubules, solid or hollow, as well as cord‐like areas histologically mimicking Sertoli and Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumors. The two features most helpful in differential diagnosis were the presence of areas of tumor with the typical confluent pattern of endometrioid carcinoma, and the presence of mucin at the apical borders of the tumor cells and/or within glandular lumina. Other features that were helpful if present, but were observed only in one case each, were foci of squamous metaplasia or the presence of ciliated epithelium. In two cases, ultrastructural studies showed well developed microvilli and perinuclear microfilaments confirming the endometrioid nature of the neoplasm. The patients varied from 22–74 years in age. All tumors were confined to a single ovary, and no tumor is known to have recurred or metastasized. One of the patients died at age 80, six years following operation, presumably without evidence of recurrent neoplasm or metastases. Two other patients are living and well, one and 14 years after diagnosis. In one patient follow‐up is short. The clinicopathologic features of this variant of endometrioid carcinoma are reviewed with emphasis on differential morphologic features.
Facial expression influences recognition memory for faces: Robust enhancement effect of fearful expression

Memory for faces is important for social interactions. However, it is unclear whether negative or positive expression affects recollection and familiarity for faces and whether the effect can be modulated by retention interval. Two experiments examined the effect of emotional expression on recognition for faces at two delay conditions. In Experiment 1 participants viewed neutral, positive, and negative (including fearful, sad, angry etc.) faces and made gender discrimination for each face. In Experiment 2 they viewed and made gender discrimination for neutral, positive, and fearful faces. Following the incidental learning they were randomly assigned into the immediate and 24-hour (24-h) delay conditions. Findings from the two experiments are as follows: (1) In the immediate and 24-h delay conditions overall recognition and recollection for negative faces (fearful faces in Experiment 2) were better than for neutral faces and positive faces. (2) In the immediate and 24-h delay conditions recollection and familiarity for positive faces was equivalent to recollection for neutral faces. (3) The enhancement effect of fearful expression on recognition and recollection was not due to greater discriminability between the old and new faces in the fearful category. The results indicate that recognition and recollection for faces and the enhancement effect of fearful expression is robust within 24 hours.
Fractal Analysis of Internet Users Worldwide

This paper purported to describe the roughness of the data on Internet users around the globe in the year 2001. A fractal analysis was conducted to determine a pattern of self-similarity, ruggedness and limitations on internet utility of the different countries taken as subjects. The study covered Internet users per 100 inhabitants for each of the countries. The fractal dimension revealed that 8.6 percent of the countries obtained higher values of Internet users, and 91.4 percent attained lower values. This data was supported by hidden fractal dimensions where poor countries showed greater variability in Internet use which is relatively small in the said year.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant iron superoxide dismutase protein from Bordetella pertussis in mice models

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Although availability of effective pertussis vaccines reportedly decreases the incidence of the disease, B. pertussis circulation in populations has not been eliminated. Thus, it is necessary to find new protein candidates with greater immune protective capacities than the currently available acellular pertussis vaccines. In this study, iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) gene (sodB) was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant FeSOD protein thence purified. The recombinant protein (rFeSOD) was formulated with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and injected intraperitoneally to immunize mice, after which IgG1, IgG2a and IFN‐γ titers were measured to assess humoral and cellular responses, respectively, to these immunizations. The extent of bacterial colonization in lungs of intranasally challenged mice was determined 5, 8 and 14 days post‐challenge. IgG1 and IgG2a responses were significantly stronger in mice that had been immunized with rFeSOD–MPLA than in those that had received rFeSOD‐Alum (P < 0.05). Additionally, IgG2a titers were higher in mice vaccinated with recombinant protein FeSOD (rFeSOD) formulated with MPLA, especially after the second immunization. Immunization with rFeSOD–MPLA also provided a modest, but significant decrease in bacterial counts in lungs of mice (P < 0.05). Antigen specific‐IFN‐γ responses were significantly stronger in the group vaccinated with rFeSOD–MPLA, which could account for the lower bacterial counts. These findings suggest that rFeSOD protein formulated with MPLA has potential as an acellular pertussis vaccine candidate component.
Analysis of the causes of maternal death in eclampsia

Objective: To analyze the causes of maternal death in eclamptic mothers. Materials and method: The study was conducted over a period of one year 1.1. 2012- 31.12. 2012 in all eclamptic mothers. Pregnancy was terminated in all antenatal eclampsia irrespective of gestational age. All of them were treated with Pritchard regimen of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4). Preeclampsia profile and special investigations were done. Sublingual/ intranasal/oral nifedipine and oral labetalol were used as antihypertensive. Results: Incidence of eclampsia was 3.57%, case fatality rate was 3.57% and maternal mortality ratio was 4.32/1000 live births. 29.76% maternal death was due to eclampsia. All 25 dead mothers were hypertensive during admission. Among them 64% (16) mothers had severe hypertension. 44% mothers had repeated convulsion. In majority (60%) MgSO4 regimen could be started after 12 hrs convulsion. 33.33% of dead mothers delivered within 12 hr of admission. 9 (42.85%) mothers died before delivery. 3 mothers came after outside delivery. 36% mothers died within 12hrs. 48% mothers died in the next 12 hrs and 16% (4) mothers died 48hrs after admission. 52.38% mothers had vaginal delivery. Only 4.7% had caesarean delivery. 40% mothers died of cerebral hemorrhage. 28% mothers died of pulmonary edema, 12% due to postpartum hemorrhage and 2 mothers due to hepatic coma. One mother died of aspiration, one mother due to septicemia. One died due to acute renal failure. Conclusion: we have a long way to go to achieve the goal to reduce the maternal mortalily due to preventable causes. We have to improve our existing health care delivery system, referral system and infrastructure before achieving the target.
IMPACT OF MARKET ORIENTATION ON FIRM PERFORMANCE; THE MEDIATING ROLE OF INNOVATION STRATEGIES IN EXCELLENCE AWARDED CORPORATE SECTOR

Innovation strategy and market orientation is vital for firm performance and competitive advantage. The survival of organizations dependent on its innovation strategies regarding the product, process and technological development and market orientation in order to increase firm performance. Innovation strategies. Market orientation helps in giving direction to the organization by providing superior value to the customers. The market orientation from organization perspective makes the customer as the focal point that influence on its performance. These main objectives of this study are; to examine the direct relationship between market orientation and firm performance and examine the indirect relationship of innovation strategies (mediation) between market orientation and firm performance. Using quantitative technique, this study collected questionnaires from 240 employees and managers working in corporate excellence awarded organizations. The data was analyzed in SPSS and PLS-SEM for analysis. The results indicated that market orientation has direct relationship with firm performance. The results also confirmed the indirect effect of innovation strategies between market orientation and firm performance. This indirect effect indicated that innovation strategies partially mediate between market orientation and firm performance. The finding of this study suggest that the corporate sector top managers and policy makers should adopt and implement the innovation strategy for the long term success and gain superior performance. Keywords: Innovation strategy, Firm performance, Market orientation
Clotting and fibrinolytic changes after firefighting activities.

UNLABELLED Approximately 45%-50% of all duty-related deaths among firefighters are due to sudden cardiovascular events, and a disproportionate number of these fatalities occur after strenuous fire suppression activities. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of strenuous firefighting activities on platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolytic activity and to document the extent to which these variables recovered 2 h after completion of the firefighting activity. METHODS Firefighters performed 18 min of simulated firefighting activities in a training structure that contained live fires. After firefighting activities, firefighters were provided with fluid and allowed to cool down and then recovered for 2 h in an adjacent room. Blood samples were obtained prefirefighting, postfirefighting, and 2 h postfirefighting. RESULTS Platelet number, platelet activity, and coagulatory potential increased immediately postfirefighting and many variables (platelet function, partial thromboplastin time, and factor VIII) reflected a procoagulatory state even after 2 h of recovery. Fibrinolysis, as reflected by tissue plasminogen activator, also was enhanced immediately postfirefighting but returned to baseline values by 2 h postfirefighting. In contrast, inhibition of fibrinolysis, as evidenced by a reduction in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, was depressed at 2 h postfirefighting. CONCLUSIONS Firefighting resulted in elevated coagulatory and fibrinolytic activity. However, 2 h postfirefighting, tissue plasminogen activator returned to baseline and coagulatory potential remained elevated. The procoagulatory state that exists after firefighting may provide a mechanistic link to the reports of sudden cardiac events after strenuous fire suppression activities.
Tumor Lesion Detection: When Is Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography More Accurate Than Side-by-Side Interpretation of Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography?

Objectives: To determine if there is added value to oncology studies performed with a dedicated in-line positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanner as compared with PET read side by side with diagnostic CT (DCT). Methods: Forty-one consecutive oncology patients referred for PET/CT who had contemporary DCT scans for review were enrolled. Body regions assessed on a DCT scan were assessed on PET/CT and by side-by-side reading of PET and DCT (SBS PET/DCT). Lesions identified on DCT, the CT portion of PET/CT, SBS PET/DCT, and the reading of fused PET/CT images were scored as benign or malignant. The PET portion of the PET/CT study was read by 2 teams: the first read the SBS PET/DCT scan and the other read the complete fused PET/CT scan. For discordant lesions, the final diagnosis was determined by pathologic findings (n = 6) or imaging follow-up (n = 21). Results: Twenty-seven (16.1%) of the 168 lesions were discordant when comparing analysis of fused PET/CT and SBS PET/DCT. Sixteen (9.5%) were fundamentally discordant, and 11(6.6%) were discordant in degree of confidence. For all discordant lesions only, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy for PET/CT were 100%, 33%, 100%, 94%, and 78%, respectively, and for SBS PET/DCT, they were 38%, 50%, 19%, 73%, and 30%, respectively (P < 0.001 for sensitivity, P = not specific for specificity). The 2 main causes for misclassification on SBS PET/DCT were incorrect localization (n = 12) and changes occurring in the time gap between DCT and PET/CT (n = 4). Conclusions: In-line PET/CT offers better lesion localization in comparison to the visual fusion of PET and CT, especially for small lymph nodes, lesions adjacent to mobile organs, or lesions adjacent to the chest or abdominal wall.
Negative attitudes and affect do not predict elective hysterectomy: a prospective analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Objective: Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between hysterectomy and negative affect. Using prospective data, we examined the associations of negative affect, attitudes toward aging and menopause, premenstrual symptoms, and vasomotor symptoms with elective hysterectomy in midlife. Methods: Data were from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a multisite, community-based prospective cohort study of the menopausal transition (n = 2,818). Annually reported hysterectomy at visits 2 to 9 was verified with medical records when available (71%). Anxiety, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, attitudes toward aging and menopause, vasomotor symptoms, and premenstrual symptoms were assessed at baseline using standardized questions. Cox proportional hazards models were used to relate these variables to subsequent elective hysterectomy. Covariates included demographic variables, menstrual bleeding problems, body mass index, hormone levels, and self-rated health, also assessed at baseline. Results: Elective hysterectomy was reported by 6% (n = 168) of participants over an 8-year period. Women with hysterectomy were not higher in negative affect or negative attitudes toward aging and menopause compared with women without hysterectomy. Vasomotor symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03-2.01; P = 0.03) and positive attitudes toward aging and menopause (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.04-2.93) at baseline predicted hysterectomy over the 8-year period, controlling for menstrual bleeding problems, site, race/ethnicity, follicle-stimulating hormone, age, education, body mass index, and self-rated health. Menstrual bleeding problems at baseline were the strongest predictor of hysterectomy (HR, 4.30; 95% CI, 2.05-9.05). Conclusions: In this prospective examination, negative affect and attitudes were not associated with subsequent hysterectomy. Menstrual bleeding problems were the major determinant of elective hysterectomy.