Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bat Mortality at a Wind Power Facility in Central Canada

Abstract Bat mortality has been reported at industrial scale wind facilities across North America, with tree-roosting bats accounting for most fatalities, but no data exist for central Canada. We quantified rates of mortality at a wind energy facility in Manitoba, Canada by conducting standardized carcass searches corrected for searcher efficiency and scavenging from mid-August to mid-September 2007. We found that mortality was consistent with, but qualitatively higher than that at comparable wind facilities in western Canada. Mortality of the species most commonly killed, Silver-haired Bats, was evenly distributed across the wind facility, but mortality of Hoary and Eastern Red Bats was higher at some turbines than others.
Frontiers in Thermionic Cathode Research

The high electron emission resulting from low-work-function scandate-added dispenser cathodes has generated a great deal of interest and research since the late 1970s. Despite the reported high current density at low temperatures, scandate cathodes have not yet seen wide-scale industrial adoption due to poor emission uniformity, inadequate reproducibility, and short lifetimes. This lack of industrial adoption stemming from the above issues is likely due to insufficient fundamental understanding of the role that scandium plays in the emission process. Recent work by five research teams under the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Innovative Vacuum Electronics Science and Technology Program aims at advancing this fundamental understanding and the cathode manufacturing processing. Emission microscopy of model surfaces of adsorbed Ba–Sc–O on single crystal tungsten and detailed characterization techniques, such as Wulff shape analysis, are being used to understand the morphology, composition and phase of each of the species that comprise the cathode emitting surfaces. The structure of tungsten grains at the cathode surface of activated and unactivated scandate cathodes and the resulting emission performance are observed. 3-D printing is being investigated as an advanced manufacturing method to meet the demanding requirements of modern vacuum electron devices. Finally, density functional theory is being employed to study the work function of perovskite oxides as a novel class of alternative materials to tungsten dispenser cathodes.
Oxygen dependency of mitochondrial metabolism indicates outcome of newborn brain injury

There is a need for a method of real-time assessment of brain metabolism during neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). We have used broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor cerebral oxygenation and metabolic changes in 50 neonates with HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia treatment. In 24 neonates, 54 episodes of spontaneous decreases in peripheral oxygen saturation (desaturations) were recorded between 6 and 81 h after birth. We observed differences in the cerebral metabolic responses to these episodes that were related to the predicted outcome of the injury, as determined by subsequent magnetic resonance spectroscopy derived lactate/N-acetyl-aspartate. We demonstrated that a strong relationship between cerebral metabolism (broadband NIRS-measured cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO)) and cerebral oxygenation was associated with unfavourable outcome; this is likely to be due to a lower cerebral metabolic rate and mitochondrial dysfunction in severe encephalopathy. Specifically, a decrease in the brain tissue oxidation state of CCO greater than 0.06 µM per 1 µM brain haemoglobin oxygenation drop was able to predict the outcome with 64% sensitivity and 79% specificity (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.73). With further work on the implementation of this methodology, broadband NIRS has the potential to provide an early, cotside, non-invasive, clinically relevant metabolic marker of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic injury.
Obesity and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents in patients with select immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives We sought to evaluate the association between obesity and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) agents, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Through a systematic search through January 24, 2017, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies in adults with select immune-mediated inflammatory diseases–inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathies (SpA), psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)–treated with anti-TNF agents, and reporting outcomes, stratified by body mass index (BMI) categories or weight. Primary outcome was failure to achieve clinical remission or response or treatment modification. We performed random effects meta-analysis and estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Based on 54 cohorts including 19,372 patients (23% obese), patients with obesity had 60% higher odds of failing therapy (OR,1.60; 95% CI,1.39–1.83;I2 = 71%). Dose-response relationship was observed (obese vs. normal BMI: OR,1.87 [1.39–2.52]; overweight vs. normal BMI: OR,1.38 [1.11–1.74],p = 0.11); a 1kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with 6.5% higher odds of failure (OR,1.065 [1.043–1.087]). These effects were observed across patients with rheumatic diseases, but not observed in patients with IBD. Effect was consistent based on dosing regimen/route, study design, exposure definition, and outcome measures. Less than 10% eligible RCTs reported outcomes stratified by BMI. Conclusions Obesity is an under-reported predictor of inferior response to anti-TNF agents in patients with select immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. A thorough evaluation of obesity as an effect modifier in clinical trials is warranted, and intentional weight loss may serve as adjunctive treatment in patients with obesity failing anti-TNF therapy.
Genetic variance and fixation probabilities at quantitative trait loci in mutation-selection balance

Peter D. Keightley Genetical Research / Volume 58 / Issue 02 / October 1991, pp 139 ­ 144 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672300029797, Published online: 14 April 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge. org/abstract_S0016672300029797 How to cite this article: Peter D. Keightley (1991). Genetic variance and fixation probabilities at quantitative trait loci in mutation­selection balance. Genetical Research, 58, pp 139­144 doi:10.1017/S0016672300029797 Request Permissions : Click here
Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell

This chapter provides a survey of quantum electrodynamics, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with electrically charged particles, such as electrons. We start by formulating Hamiltonians to describe how a quantum mechanical electron is affected by classical electric and magnetic fields. Next, we describe the quantization of Maxwell’s equations, which yields a quantum field theory in which the elementary excitations are photons—particles of light. The last step is to formulate a theory in which both electrons and photons are treated on the same footing, as excitations of underlying quantum fields. Along the way, we will see how relativity can be accomodated within quantum mechanics.
CHILD LABOUR AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN DASS LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The incidence of child labour is widespread and a growing phenomenon in developing countries, including Nigeria. The study examined the incidence, extent and factors affecting child labour among rural households in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive statistics and multinomial logit regression. Household’s access to credit should be used to purchase laboursaving technologies to ensure a reduction in the use of children for work on the farm and other productive activities. Also, school-aged children should not be denied access to full-time schooling because of their younger ones.
A Finite State Machine Approach to Algorithmic Lateral Inhibition for Real-Time Motion Detection †

Many researchers have explored the relationship between recurrent neural networks and finite state machines. Finite state machines constitute the best-characterized computational model, whereas artificial neural networks have become a very successful tool for modeling and problem solving. The neurally-inspired lateral inhibition method, and its application to motion detection tasks, have been successfully implemented in recent years. In this paper, control knowledge of the algorithmic lateral inhibition (ALI) method is described and applied by means of finite state machines, in which the state space is constituted from the set of distinguishable cases of accumulated charge in a local memory. The article describes an ALI implementation for a motion detection task. For the implementation, we have chosen to use one of the members of the 16-nm Kintex UltraScale+ family of Xilinx FPGAs. FPGAs provide the necessary accuracy, resolution, and precision to run neural algorithms alongside current sensor technologies. The results offered in this paper demonstrate that this implementation provides accurate object tracking performance on several datasets, obtaining a high F-score value (0.86) for the most complex sequence used. Moreover, it outperforms implementations of a complete ALI algorithm and a simplified version of the ALI algorithm—named “accumulative computation”—which was run about ten years ago, now reaching real-time processing times that were simply not achievable at that time for ALI.
Occurrence and Types of Associated Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures

Introduction Severity and complexity of combined maxillofacial traumas require not only multidisciplinary approach, but prevention of this trauma is also of extreme importance, as this may reduce direct and indirect social economic losses. Understanding the trauma reasons, severity and age structure may support clinical priorities determination, increase treatment effectiveness, and also may achieve certain trauma prevention. Initial estimation and trauma treatment in СMFT patients must be performed per ATLS algorithm. Purpose The aim is to identify the aetiology, occurence, clinical characteristics of maxillofacial combined traumas types, and severity of associated injuries outside the facial region in patients diagnosed with facial fractures. Material and Methods A total of 352 traumatic patients were retrospectively and prospectively examined for the period of 6 years (05.2005 12.2011), treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery at the St. Anna University Hospital , Sofia, on grounds of the accurately kept hospital documents in conformity with accepted standards and with ethical requirements for performing such studies. Results Associated injuries were observed in 129 patients (36%). The most common associated injury was head trauma (71.3%), followed by orthopaedic (9,3%), ophthalmologic (7,8%), spinal cord injuries (1,6%), and abdominal (0.8%), otorhynolaryngology(0,8%) injuries. Multiple associated injuries were observed in 3,1% and polytrauma in 5,4%. In combined maxillofacial trauma(СMFT), the most common maxillofacial fracture is lower jaw fracture (46.5%), followed by zygomatic bone trauma (34.9%) and nasal bones trauma (21.7%). The occurrence of associated injury correlated significantly with trauma mechanism and fracture type; high-speed accidents and severe facial fractures were significant predictors of associated injury. Alcohol plays a key role in maxillofacial trauma appearance, whereas the alcohol relation is significant with interpersonal injuries (42%), with falling (20%) and with motor vehicle accidents (5.7%). Conclusion Applying of multidisciplinary approach (anaesthesiologists, neurosurgeons, abdominal surgeons, traumatologists, maxillofacial surgeons) in traumatic patients provides optimum results and the best possible outcome in their treatment.
Genetic Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Important Agronomic Traits in the Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cross ‘Louise’ × ‘Penawawa’

Understanding the genetic factors underlying agronomic traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is essential to making gains from selection during the breeding process. A set of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a ‘Louise’ × ‘Penawawa’ mapping population was grown for two crop years at two locations in the Pacifi c Northwest region of the United States to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seedling growth habit, leaf color, plant height, fl owering date, maturity date, grain volume weight, grain protein content, and grain yield. Quantitative trait loci for fl owering date and maturity date were associated with the PpdD1 gene for photoperiod insensitivity. Variation in the QTL for plant height was dependent on location and year and localized to chromosome 2D and 3B. A QTL for leaf color was identifi ed on chromosome 2B. Seedling growth habit mapped to chromosome 2D, and a signifi cant QTL for grain volume weight was detected on chromosome 1B. Quantitative trait loci were identifi ed for grain yield; however, some of these QTL were associated with other known QTL for pest resistance, seedling growth habit, or photoperiod insensitivity. Flowering date, maturity date, and plant height were signifi cantly correlated, which resulted from the pleiotropic effects of the PpdD1 gene. The identifi cation of agronomic QTL, and the correlations between and among them, is the fi rst step toward making gains from selection using molecular marker-assisted selection for these important agronomic traits.
The effect of salt stress on the germination of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds and photosynthetic pigments.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity stress on seed germination and chlorophyll content in maize. In the study, two maize hybrids were included (Bc 678 and Bc 408) originating from the Bc Institute at Rugvica near Zagreb (Croatia) and two maize populations (LMP-1 and LMP-2) originating from Kosovo. The experiment was conducted in four replicates of 100 seeds, which were germinated on top of double-layered papers, each with 10 ml of salt solution of NaCl and CaCl 2 in Petri dishes. Germinated seeds were counted every 24 h for 15 days. The photosynthetic pigments, chlorophylls ‘ a’ and ‘ b’ as well as carotenoids were extracted with 80 % acetone. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were calculated using absorbance values at 662, 644 and 440 nm. The effects of the NaCl and CaCl 2 concentrations accounted for a high proportion of the variance in all analyses. The results showed that both germination percentage and germination index decreased significantly in all cultivars at the highest salt concentrations. The significant differences between different concentrations of salinity were also found in all cultivars for the content of chlorophyll ‘ a ’ and ‘ b ’ and for the content of carotenoids.
Biochemical and Histological Alterations in the Digestive Gland of the Land Snail Helicella vestalis (Locard, 1882) Exposed to Methiocarb andChlorpyrifos in the Laboratory

This study investigated the impact of two pesticides namely: Methiocarb and Chlorpyrifos against the biochemical and histological aspects of the helicid land snail, Helicella vestalis at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The activities of three vital enzymes, total protein (TP) and total lipid (TL) were laboratory tested. These enzymes were Aspartate amino transaminase (AST), Alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results showed that all tested pesticides lead to increase the activity of AST, ALT and ALP in the tissue homogenate of the digestive gland of the land snail Helicella vestalis. On the other hand, the levels of total protein and total lipid were increased after treatment with all tested pesticides. In general, the two pesticides were significantly affected on the activities of enzymes, total lipid and total protein compared with control when applied against the tested snails. Meanwhile, many histological changes were observed in the digestive gland of H. vestalis after exposure to sublethal concentrations of both Methiocarb and Chlorpyrifos. These alterations included severe tubular disruption, vaculation, nuclear pyknosis and necrosis of tubules. Moreover, this study revealed that Chlorpyrifos was much more toxic to the tested snail than Methiocarb.
Simulated effect of soil depth and bedrock topography on near‐surface hydrologic response and slope stability

This paper explores the effect of hillslope hydrological behavior on slope stability in the context of transient subsurface saturation development and landslide triggering. We perform a series of virtual experiments to address how subsurface topography affects the location and spatial pattern of slip surface development and pore pressure dynamics. We use a 3D Darcy–Richards equation solver (Hydrus 3‐D) combined with a cellular automata slope stability model to simulate the spatial propagation of the destabilized area. Our results showed that the soil–bedrock interface and in particular, bedrock depressions, played a key role in pore pressure dynamics, acting as an impedance for the downslope drainage of perched water. Filling and spilling of depressions in the bedrock surface microtopography induced localized zones of increased pressure head such that the development of pore‐pressure fields—not predictable by surface topography—lead to rapid landslide propagation. Our work suggests that landslide models should consider the subsurface topography in order to include a connectivity component in the mathematical description of hydrological processes operating at the hillslope scale. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatiotemporal segregation of wolves from humans in the bialowieza forest (POLAND)

Knowledge about the impact of human activity on the behavior of wolves (Canis lupus) is important to predict habitats suitable for wolf recolonization and for planning management zones. We tested the hypothesis that wolves live spatiotemporally segregated from humans. From 1994 to 1999, we radiotracked 11 wolves in 4 packs and monitored human activity in the Bialowieza Forest, Poland. Wolves avoided permanent human-made structures (settlements, forest edge to arable land, roads, tourist trails) more in the day than at night. Wolf avoidance increased with increasing human use. Particularly large settlements and intensively used public roads reduced the area used by wolves. Wolves avoided human presence in the forest (traffic, forestry operations) by temporarily selecting areas where people were absent. One of the wolf packs selected a national park zone with restriced access (50 km 2 ) as the core area of its home range in both day and night. Conversely, wolf packs living in a commercial forest with small nature reserves (≤4 km 2 ) did not select reserves in the day or night. We concluded that spatiotemporal segregation is an adaptation of wolves to coexist with humans while keeping their activity pattern optimized toward food acquisition. The distribution of areas with restricted human access, forest, settlements, and intensively used public roads are important factors determining the suitability of an area for wolves.
Offline Showrooms and Customer Migration in Omni-Channel Retail

Omni-channel environments where customers shop online and offline at the same retailer are increasingly ubiquitous and have important new implications for demand generation and operational efficiency. We propose that given choice and opportunity, customers self-select into channels according to their need for visceral product information, i.e., the need to touch, feel, and sample physical products before purchasing. Injecting a new showroom into a market induces customer migration and has significant impacts on channel sales and operational efficiency for all customers within the showroom's trading area. Using quasi-experimental data on showroom openings by WarbyParker.com, the leading online US eyewear retailer, we find that introducing a showroom: (1) increases demand overall and through the online channel as well, (2) improves operational efficiency by increasing conversion on sampling and decreasing returns, and (3) that these effects are amplified for those customers who have the most acute need for the product. Moreover, these effects strengthen with time as the showroom contributes not only to brand awareness but also to what we term channel awareness as well. We verify that these effects are robust to alternative model specifications and sample selection procedures; implications for omni-channel retailing are discussed.
Lowering Area Overheads for FeFET-Based Energy-Efficient Nonvolatile Flip-Flops

This brief exploits the fusion of low-power logic and nonvolatile memory inside the emerging ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) and proposes a new nonvolatile D flip-flop (nvDFF) through the device-circuit co-design. Compared with existing FeFET-based nvDFFs with on-demand control of backup and restore (B&R), the area overhead is lowered by half, and the routing cost is reduced with embedded backup control into the supply voltage. Circuit simulations show below 5% energy-delay overhead in the normal mode and femtojoule B&R energy. This new nvDFF promises area- and energy-efficient nonvolatile computing for power-gating and energy-harvesting applications.
Biliary Stenosis and Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Late Complications After Acute Pancreatitis With Pancreatic Duct Disruption

Objectives Pancreatic duct disruption (PDD) after acute pancreatitis can cause pancreatic collections in the early phase and biliary stenosis (BS) or gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) in the late phase. We aimed to document those late complications after moderate or severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Between September 2010 and August 2014, 141 patients showed pancreatic collections on computed tomography. Percutaneous drainage was primarily performed for patients with signs or symptoms of uncontrolled pancreatic juice leakage. Pancreatic duct disruption was defined as persistent amylase-rich drain fluid or a pancreatic duct cut-off on imaging. Clinical course of the patients who developed BS or GOO was investigated. Results Among the 141 patients with collections, 33 patients showed PDD in the pancreatic head/neck area. Among them, 9 patients (27%) developed BS 65 days after onset and required stenting for 150 days, and 5 patients (15%) developed GOO 92 days after onset and required gastric decompression and jejunal tube feeding for 147 days (days shown in median). All 33 patients recovered successfully without requiring surgical intervention. Conclusions Anatomic proximity of the bile duct or duodenum to the site of PDD and severe inflammation seemed to contribute to the late onset of BS or GOO. Conservative management successfully reversed these complications.