Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Massive MIMO mmWave Channel Estimation Using Approximate Message Passing and Laplacian Prior

This paper tackles the problem of channel estimation in mmWave large-scale communication systems. To leverage the sparsity of mmWave MIMO channels in the beam domain, we use discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding and combining and recast the channel estimation problem as a compressed sensing (CS) problem. The generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm is then used to find the minimum mean square estimate (MMSE) of each entry of the unknown mmWave MIMO channel matrix. Unlike the existing works, this paper models the angular-domain channel coefficients by a Laplacian prior and accordingly establishes the closed-form expressions for all the statistical quantities that need to be updated iteratively by GAMP. Further, to render the proposed algorithm fully automated, we develop an expectation-maximization (EM)-based procedure which can be readily embedded within GAMP's iteration loop in order to learn the unknown scale parameter of the underlying Laplacian prior along with the noise variance. Numerical results indicate that the proposed EM-GAMP algorithm under a Laplacian prior yields substantial improvements both in terms of channel estimation accuracy and computational complexity as compared to the existing methods that advocate a Gaussian mixture (GM) prior.
Generalized Algorithm of Reverse Mapping Based SVPWM Strategy for Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverters

This paper presents a reverse mapping based space vector pulse-width modulation strategy for five- and seven-level diode-clamped multilevel inverters. In this method, the space vector is expressed as a sum of a contender vector and an error vector. Here, the actual sector, which contains the tip of the reference space vector, needs not to be found. The vector nearest to the reference space vector is the contender vector. By calculating the vector difference of the contender vector from the reference vector, the error vector is determined. Using translation method, the error vector is translated to the origin of space vector diagram. There will be (n–1) steps in space vector diagram for an n-level inverter. As the error vector amplitude will be less than one step of the space vector diagram, the two-level space vector method can be applied. To obtain a vector that is very close to the reference vector, the determined switching states can be added to the contender vector. This technique can be extended to any n-level multilevel inverter. The performance of five-level and seven-level diode-clamped multilevel inverters is presented using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of inverters is evaluated by using induction motor load. The experimental results using field programmable gate array are presented for seven-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter.
Generative Code Modeling with Graphs

Generative models for source code are an interesting structured prediction problem, requiring to reason about both hard syntactic and semantic constraints as well as about natural, likely programs. We present a novel model for this problem that uses a graph to represent the intermediate state of the generated output. The generative procedure interleaves grammar-driven expansion steps with graph augmentation and neural message passing steps. An experimental evaluation shows that our new model can generate semantically meaningful expressions, outperforming a range of strong baselines.
IRIS & LIMSI at TAC KBP Trilingual Entity Discovery and Linking 2017

This paper presents the collaborative participation between the IRIS team and the LIMSI laboratory to the Trilingual Entity Discovery and Linking of TAC KBP 2017. The aim of the EDL track is to evaluate systems that automatically detect entities in raw text and manage to linking them. In our ﬁrst joint participation, we focused on the entity linking task and use a public available software for the entity recognition task. Results show that an extra effort must be performed to improve the entity recognition phase in order to improve the later entity linking step.
The TAI System for Trilingual Entity Discovery and Linking Track in TAC KBP 2017

In this paper we propose the TAI’s system for the Tri-lingual Entity Discovery and Linking (EDL) track in TAC-KBP 2017. EDL track in TAC KBP 2017 is to extract named and nominal entity mentions from a collection of textual documents in three languages (Chinese, English and Spanish), and link them to an existing Knowledge Base (BaseKB). To tackle this problem, we propose a neural-network-based system, which is called TAI’s system here. TAI’s system consists of two parts: Mention Detection sub-system (MD) and Entity Linking sub-system (EL). MD contains a two-layers stacked deep bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) to encode the input information and a Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to produce the entity tags. Besides, we also consider many useful features into this framework to improve the performance of ED. EL consists of five modules: candidates generation module, pair-wise ranking module, NOM Resolution module, NIL prediction module and NIL cluster module. We conduct experiments on the released data sets. The experimental results show that TAI’s system achieves 70.5 of F1 score in the typed mention ceaf and the 67.4 of F1 score in the typed mention ceaf plus.
Introduction and recovery of Ga and N sublattice defects in electron-irradiated GaN

We have used positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the introduction and recovery of point defects introduced by 0.45 and 2 MeV electron irradiation at room temperature in n-type GaN. Isochronal annealings were performed up to 1220 K. We observe vacancy defects with specific lifetime of {tau}{sub V}=190{+-}15 ps that we tentatively identify as N vacancies or related complexes in the neutral charge state in the samples irradiated with 0.45 MeV electrons. The N vacancies are produced at a rate {sigma}{sub N}{sup 0.45}{approx_equal}0.25 cm{sup -1}. The irradiation with 2 MeV electrons produces negatively charged Ga vacancies and negative nonopen volume defects (negative ions) originating from the Ga sublattice, at a rate {sigma}{sub Ga}{sup 2.0}{approx_equal}5 cm{sup -1}. The irradiation-induced N vacancies anneal out of the samples at around 600 K, possibly due to the motion of the irradiation-induced N interstitials. Half of the irradiation-induced Ga vacancies anneal out of the samples also around 600 K, and this is interpreted as the isolated Ga vacancies becoming mobile with a migration barrier of E{sub M}{sup V,Ga}=1.8{+-}0.1 eV. Interestingly, we observe a change of charge state of the irradiation-induced negative ions from 2- to 1- likely due to a reconstruction of the defects in twomore » stages at annealing temperatures of about 600 and 700 K. The negative ions anneal out of the samples together with the other half of the Ga vacancies (stabilized by, e.g., N vacancies and/or hydrogen) in thermal annealings at 800-1100 K. « less
Polyspecific Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Clindamycin-treated Patients With Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract We evaluated the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on mortality in clindamycin-treated streptococcal toxic shock syndrome using a meta-analysis. In association with IVIG, mortality fell from 33.7% to 15.7% with remarkable consistency across the single randomized and four nonrandomized studies.
Best Protocol for the Sit-to-Stand Test in Subjects With COPD

BACKGROUND: Different protocols for the sit-to-stand test (STS) are available for assessing functional capacity in COPD. We sought to correlate each protocol of the STS (ie, the 5-repetition [5-rep STS], the 30-s STS, and the 1-min STS) with clinical outcomes in subjects with COPD. We also aimed to compare the 3 protocols of the STS, to verify their association and agreement, and to verify whether the 3 protocols are able to predict functional exercise capacity and physical activity in daily life (PADL). METHODS: 23 subjects with COPD (11 men; FEV1 53 ± 15% predicted) performed 3 protocols of the STS. Subjects also underwent the following assessments: incremental shuttle walking test, 6-min walk test (6MWT), 4-m gait speed test (4MGS), 1-repetition maximum of quadriceps muscle, assessment of PADL, and questionnaires on health-related quality of life and functional status. RESULTS: The 1-min STS showed significant correlations with the 6MWT (r = 0.40), 4MGS (r = 0.64), and PADL (0.40 ≤ r ≤ 0.52), and the 5-rep STS and 30-s STS were associated with the 4MGS (r = 0.54 and r = 0.52, respectively). The speed differed for each protocol (5-rep STS 0.53 ± 0.16 rep/s, 30-s STS 0.48 ± 0.13 rep/s, 1-min STS 0.45 ± 0.11 rep/s, P = .01). However, they presented good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.73 for all) and correlated well with each other (r ≥ 0.68 for all). More marked changes in peripheral oxygen saturation (P = .004), heart rate (P < .001), blood pressure (P < .001), dyspnea (P < .001), and leg fatigue (P < .001) were found after the 1-min STS protocol. Furthermore, the 3 protocols were equally able to identify subjects with low exercise capacity or preserved exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The 1-min STS generated higher hemodynamic demands and correlated better with clinical outcomes in subjects with COPD. Despite the difference in speed performance and physiological demands between the 5-rep STS and 1-min STS, there was a good level of agreement among the 3 protocols. In addition, all 3 tests were able to identify subjects with low exercise capacity or preserved exercise capacity.
Effect of Lavender cream with or without footbath on sleep quality and fatigue in pregnancy and postpartum: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Sleep disturbance and fatigue are frequent complaints during pregnancy and postpartum. We assessed the effectiveness of Lavender cream and footbath on sleep quality and fatigue in pregnancy and postpartum. In this trial, 141 women with sleep disturbance at 25–28 weeks gestation were recruited from public health centers in Tabriz, Iran, from May 2013 until January 2014 and randomized into one of three groups receiving: Lavender and footbath, Lavender alone, or placebo cream. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index at the 4th and 8th weeks after intervention and the 6th week postpartum. Fatigue was assessed with the multidimensional assessment of fatigue scale at the 6th week after intervention and the 6th week postpartum. Repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. Compared with the placebo group, the global sleep quality score post-intervention in pregnancy and the postpartum were significantly lower in the Lavender and footbath and the Lavender cream only groups. Fatigue in both intervention groups was significantly improved only at the 6th week postpartum. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two intervention groups. Lavender cream with or without footbath may improve sleep quality in pregnancy and postpartum.
Intact goal‐directed control in treatment‐seeking drug users indexed by outcome‐devaluation and Pavlovian to instrumental transfer: critique of habit theory

Animal studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to drugs of abuse impairs goal‐directed control over action selection indexed by the outcome‐devaluation and specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer procedures, suggesting this impairment might underpin addiction. However, there is currently only weak evidence for impaired goal‐directed control in human drug users. Two experiments were undertaken in which treatment‐seeking drug users and non‐matched normative reference samples (controls) completed outcome‐devaluation and specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer procedures notionally translatable to animal procedures (Experiment 2 used a more challenging biconditional schedule). The two experiments found significant outcome‐devaluation and specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer effects overall and there was no significant difference between groups in the magnitude of these effects. Moreover, Bayes factor supported the null hypothesis for these group comparisons. Although limited by non‐matched group comparisons and small sample sizes, the two studies suggest that treatment‐seeking drug users have intact goal‐directed control over action selection, adding uncertainty to already mixed evidence concerning the role of habit learning in human drug dependence. Neuro‐interventions might seek to tackle goal‐directed drug‐seeking rather than habit formation in drug users.
SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT 1 Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan: A Longitudinal Study with a Large Sample from Germany

We examined the development of self-esteem across the lifespan. Data came from a German longitudinal study with three assessments across 4 years of a sample of 2,509 individuals aged 14 to 89 years. The self-esteem measure used showed strong measurement invariance across assessments and birth cohorts. Latent growth curve analyses indicated that self-esteem follows a quadratic trajectory across the lifespan, increasing during adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood, reaching a peak at age 60 years, and then declining in old age. No cohort effects on average levels of self-esteem or on the shape of the trajectory were found. Moreover, the trajectory did not differ across gender, level of education, or for individuals who had lived continuously in West vs. East Germany (i.e., the two separate countries from 1949 to 1990). However, the results suggested that employment status, household income, and satisfaction in the domains of work, relationships, and health contribute to a more positive lifespan trajectory of self-esteem. The findings have significant implications because they call attention to developmental stages in which individuals may be vulnerable due to low self-esteem (such as adolescence and old age) and to factors that predict successful versus problematic developmental trajectories.
On the Welfare Effects of Eliminating Business Cycles

We investigate the welfare effects of eliminating business cycles in a model with substantial consumer heterogeneity. The heterogeneity arises from uninsurable and idiosyncratic uncertainty in preferences and employment, where regarding employment, we distinguish among employment and short- and long-term unemployment. We calibrate the model to match the distribution of wealth in U.S. data and features of transitions between employment and unemployment. Unlike previous studies, we study how business cycles affect different groups of consumers. We conclude that the cost of cycles is small for almost all groups and, indeed, is negative for some. (Copyright: Elsevier)
The Welfare Effects of Transportation Infrastructure Improvements ∗ Treb

In this paper, we develop a framework to characterize the impact of infrastructure investment on welfare. We suppose infrastructure investment affects the cost of shipping goods between directly connected locations and the total bilateral cost between any two locations is determined by traders optimally traveling across the complete transportation network. Our approach comprises two distinct but complementary characterizations: First, we characterize how infrastructure investment between any two connected locations decreases the total trade costs between all pairs of locations. Second, we characterize how the cost reduction between any two locations changes affects welfare. We apply these results to shipment level data between U.S. cities to calculate the welfare effects of improving each portion of the U.S. Interstate Highway System (IHS). We find very heterogeneous welfare effects of improvements to different sections of the IHS – reducing the travel time by 30 minutes on I-95 South from New York to Philadelphia would increase aggregate U.S. welfare by 0.02%, whereas reducing the travel time by 30 minutes from Seattle to Salt Lake City along I-84 East would only increase aggregate U.S. welfare by one-hundredth of that. ∗Comments are welcome. We thank David Atkin, Dave Donaldson, Pablo Fajgelbaum, Xiangliang Li, and Sam Kortum for very helpful discussions. 1
Lack of specialization in trophic morphology between genetically differentiated dwarf and normal forms of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) in Lac de IyEsty Quebec

We recently observed a bimodal distribution in size of sexually maturing lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) in Lac de L'Est, Quebec. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that these two spawning size classes represent genetically distinct ecotypes, potentially adapted in morphology for occupying different trophic niches. This was accomplished by quantifying the extent of genetic (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and enzyme loci) and morphological differences. Significant differences in haplotype and allele frequency distributions confirmed the hypothesis that whitefi'sh maturing at small (dwarf) and normal sizes are structured into two distinct gene pools. However, low F,, values at mtDNA and enzyme loci, coupled with the apparent lack of spatial and temporal spawning segregation, suggest that reproductive isolation is incomplete and that gene flow is still occurring between the two forms. Patterns of mtDNA diversity favoured the origin of genetically distinct dwarf and normal-size lake whitefish forms in Lac de 1'Est through sympatric divergence. However, a lack of differences in morphological traits potentially related to trophic ecology did not support the hypothesis that the two forms represent ecotypes which are morphologically specialized in trophic niches. This study established that sympatric dwarf and normal-size spawning groups of lake whitefish in Lac de 1'Est represent two genetically distinct populations despite the potential for gene flow between them. This, coupled with their low level of morphological diversification, suggests that they represent an early stage of population divergence, and therefore makes them of particular interest for understanding the gene - environment processes involved in the early steps of speciation events.
Warren L . Lee and Amira Klip Insulin Resistance ? Endothelial Transcytosis of Insulin : Does It Contribute to

Physiol. Soc. ESSN: 1548-9221. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/. American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20814-3991. ©2016 Int. Union Physiol. Sci./Am. the physiological developments. It is published bimonthly in February, April, June, August, October, and December by (formerly published as News in Physiological Science) publishes brief review articles on major Physiology by gest on A uust 0, 2016 http://physioline.physiology. org/ D ow nladed fom
Population bottlenecks: influence on mitochondrial DNA diversity and its effect in coregonine stock discrimination

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that anadromous populations of North American whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill), believed to have suffered more intense population bottlenecks during past glaciation events, should reveal less mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability and population-genetic structuring than anadromous populations of European whitefish, C. lavaretus (L.). C. clupeaformis exhibited extremely low levels of diversity and population structuring, in terms of number and frequency of clonal lines as well as sequence divergence estimates, as compared with populations of C. lavaretus. These results support the hypothesis that the severity of population bottlenecks related to Pleistocene glaciation events may be largely responsible for the level of mtDNA variability observed. This in turn influences the sampling strategy required to maximize the usefulness of mtDNA analysis in stock discrimination.
A brief overview of gate oxide defect properties and their relation to MOSFET instabilities and device and circuit time-dependent variability

A paradigm for MOSFET instabilities is outlined based on gate oxide traps and the detailed understanding of their properties. A model with trap energy levels in the gate dielectric and their misalignment with the channel Fermi level is described, offering the most successful strategy to reduce both Positive and Negative Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI and NBTI) in a range of gate stacks. Trap temporal properties are determined by tunneling between the carrier reservoir and the trap itself, as well as thermal barriers related to atomic reconfiguration. Trap electrostatic impact depends on the gate voltage and its spatial position, randomized by variations in the channel potential. All internal properties of traps are distributed, resulting in distributions of the externally observable trap parameters, and in turn in time-dependent variability in devices and circuits.
If you can't understand it, you can't properly assess it! The reality of assessing security risks in Internet of Things systems

Security risk assessment methods have served us well over the last two decades. As the complexity, pervasiveness and automation of technology systems increases, particularly with the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a convincing argument that we will need new approaches to assess risk and build system trust. In this article, we report on a series of scoping workshops and interviews with industry professionals (experts in enterprise systems, IoT and risk) conducted to investigate the validity of this argument. Additionally, our research aims to consult with these professionals to understand two crucial aspects. Firstly, we seek to identify the wider concerns in adopting IoT systems into a corporate environment, be it a smart manufacturing shop floor or a smart office. Secondly, we investigate the key challenges for approaches in industry that attempt to effectively and efficiently assess cyber-risk in the IoT.
Effect of irrigation regimes and seed soaking techniques on root growth and yield of rice 1 T . GANGARANI DEVI , A . ZAMAN AND S

320 Water is the vital source for crop production. Agriculture consumes about 70% of the fresh water resource but less water is becoming available for irrigation owing to the global climate change and competition from urbanization and industrial development (Pennisi, 2008). Globally rice enjoys major share (34–43%) of irrigation water resource (Bouman et al, 2005). Since, more irrigated land is devoted to rice than to any other crops in the world, wastage of the resource in the rice field should be minimized (IRRI, 2003). Water-saving irrigation technologies can drastically diminish unproductive losses from seepage, percolation, and evaporation. Hence, application of irrigation water based on irrigation water and cummulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio has proved its feasibility over other methods due to application of water only when required. Improper crop stand combined with improper irrigation leads to serious loss in present agriculture. On the other hand, poor crop establishment is one of the major abiotic constraints encountered by resource poor farmers in marginal areas (Harris, 1992, 1996). Low cost on farm seed soaking make a positive impact on farmers’ livelihoods by increasing the rate of crop emergence, thus increasing rates of crop development, reducing crop duration and raising yields. In this context, the present investigation was undertaken to find out the feasibility of scheduling of irrigation based on IW/CPE ratio in rice sown with seeds soaked for certain hours.