Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of strong winds on the nutritional condition of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) larvae in the Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic, as inferred from an early field application of the DNA/C index

A new biochemical index was used to assess larval fish nutritional condition during a survey cruise in the Bay of Biscay in early June 1993. This period corresponds to the breeding season of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.). The analysis of samples taken at grid points indicated a clear spatial pattern in nutritional condition, which increased from the middle shelf to the shelf edge. A relatively large fraction of the larval population proved to be in poor condition. Strong winds with speeds of 20–30 knots occurred during 3 d after the first survey and affected the vertical hydrological structure. During a subsequent survey, samples taken at approximately the same locations showed that anchovy larvae in all areas were in very poor condition. These results support the notion that some environmental stability is required for good feeding conditions. Strong winds are not uncommon in the Bay of Biscay and their potential effects on anchovy recruitment variability are discussed.
Theoretical and experimental investigation into incident radiation on solar conical collector

The geometry of a collector is one of the important factors that can increase the incident radiation on the collector surface. In the present study, the incident radiation for a stationary collector with cone geometry, i.e. a conical collector, is theoretically and experimentally investigated. This type of collector is always stable and does not need a fixture to install. Moreover, it has a symmetric geometry, with all its sides facing the sun. The main advantage of this collector is its ability to receive beam, diffuse, and ground-reflected radiation throughout the day. The variation of the incident radiation is theoretically estimated by using an isotropic sky model based on the available data. The theoretical data are validated by an experimental test of a conical collector of a specific size. The results show that the conical solar collector is more operative in receiving total solar radiations than a horizontal plate such as a flat-plate collector and can be a suitable option for solar water heating. A calculation of the incident radiation shows that the incident radiation is maximized when the cone angle of the conical collector is equal to the latitude of the site test.
On the Role of the Gulf Stream in the Changing Atlantic Nutrient Circulation During the 21st Century

The Gulf Stream is part of the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the western boundary current of the North Atlantic sub­ tropical gyre. The Gulf Stream is also a nutrient stream. It transports macronutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) necessary for marine phytoplankton growth along the eastern continental margin of the United States from the Straits of Florida to Cape Hatteras at globally significant rates. At Cape Hatteras, the Gulf Stream separates from the coast and carries its nutrients to the northeast off the continental slope and into deep water. There, waters of recent tropical, subtropical and subpolar origins con­ verge and both the volume and nutrient transport increase in a great junction of the global ocean circulation. Further east, near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, the waters and nutrients of the Gulf Stream diverge again into the subtropical and subpolar gyres. As nutrients and water move northward, they rise along sloping isopycnals and are eventually advected into the surface mixed layer or entrained by seasonal mixed‐layer deepening. This upwards nutrient flux is compensated for by downwards nutrient fluxes associated with physical and biogeochemical processes. A significant fraction of the inorganic nutrient entering the mixed layer is trans­ formed directly to denser North Atlantic Deep Water and sinks as the incoming water loses heat to the atmosphere. However, another significant fraction of the inor­ ganic nutrient entering the mixed layer is converted to organic form by phytoplankton. A fraction of this organic nutrient sinks via particles to denser water, where it is remineralized, and the other fraction of the organic nutrient (i.e., the nonsinking dissolved part) is transformed On the Role of the Gulf Stream in the Changing Atlantic Nutrient Circulation During the 21st Century
Employees’ Perception on Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Affective Commitment

AbstractObjective – This research aims to study the employee’s perception on CSR practices and affective commitment in public listed companies in the area of Klang Valley, Malaysia. There were four dimensions on CSR practices that might affect the employee’s affective commitment in the organization which are economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. Design/methodology – This study used Likert-Scale questions in order to answer both dependent and independent variables. A set of questionnaire was distributed to the employees who works in public listed companies in Klang Valley area regardless of their industry as population of this study. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results – The findings from this study reveal that there is significant relationship of the employee’s perception on four dimensions of CSR practices and affective commitment. More than that, between all the four dimensions of CSR practices, economic responsibilities are found as the main element in influencing the employee’s affective commitment in work. The findings also show that role of gender does not moderate any relationship between dependent variables and independent variables. Research limitations/implications – This research adds the information on the level of affective commitment towards employees’ perceptions in the public listed companies in Malaysia as theoretical part that focused on the CSR dimensions based on the Carroll ‘s Model which are economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility with gender as the moderating variable in the study. The empirical part of this study has assessed that the economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility that can affect the level of affective commitment towards the employees’ perceptions in the public listed companies in the Klang Valley.
TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENT OF M. BICEPS FEMORIS AND LIVER IN RABBITS EXPOSED TO DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION

Dyavolova, M. , 2014. Trace elements content of m. biceps femoris and liver in rabbits exposed to direct solar radiation. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 210-214 This investigation was initiated to study the effect of solar radiation on the content of some trace elements in liver and mus - m. biceps femoris samples were taken and analyzed for trace elements. Rectal temperature was measured prior to blood sampling. Exposure of rabbits to heat caused significant increase in liver content of Na (p<0.01), Cr (p<0.01) and Cu (p<0.01), but had no effect on muscle concentration of Na, K, Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se. Control rabbits had higher concentration of Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se in liver than in muscle (p<0.001). Muscle potassium concentration exceeded that in the liver (p<0.001) of control rabbits. Muscle sodium to potassium ratio was almost 3 times lower than that in the liver of control rabbits. Heterophil to lymphocyte ratio increased significantly in experimental rabbits (p<0.01) thus showing that rabbits under heat experienced significant stress load. The results were interpreted to assume that heat induced liver lipid peroxidation and the possible increase in the portion of the unbound copper are the main metabolic changes which have adverse effect on liver function.
Multi Scale Systematic Risk (An Application on Tehran Stock Exchange)

The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) states that the expected return on an asset depends upon its level of systematic risk. The asset’s systematic risk is measured relative to that of the market portfolio. This paper attempts to estimate the CAPM at different time scales. In this study, we use wavelets analysis, as the key empirical method for examining the relationship between the return of the stock and its systematic risk at different time scales. The proposed procedure is acted on a sample, composed of 15 selected stocks, listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) actively traded over 2004-2009. It has proved that the relationship between the return of a stock and its beta is more robust at medium and short scales. This evidence shows that the Tehran Stock Exchange market is more efficient at the 1 th to 4 th scales (2 − 32 days). This finding, therefore, shows that the predictions of the CAPM are more relevant
A modular VME or IBM PC based data acquisition system for multi-modality PET/CT scanners of different sizes and detector types

A modular, digital system, fully programmable and scalable for a multi-modality, open (to accommodate claustrophobic or overweight patients, with the option of closing the detector, to increase efficiency), 3-D Complete Body Scan (3D-CBS) utilizing both positron emission tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) in one unit with no moving parts, has been designed for VME and IBM-PC based platforms. This device fully exploits the double photon emission and allows for annual whole-body screening for cancer and other systemic anomalies; only 1/30 the radiation dosage; a reduction in scan time to 4 minutes for a field of view (FOV) of 137.4 cm as opposed to 55 minutes for a FOV of 70 cm; a decrease in examination cost by 90%; an increase in sensitivity, providing physicians with additional clinical information on a specific organ or area and contribute to the specificity in detecting and assessing cancer. These advantages allow for early detection-the best way to defeat cancer. The system collects digital data from multiple electronic channels. Each electronic channel carries the information (64-bit) of all sensors included in a given view angle of the detector. The 64-bits data packets acquired at 20 MHz by each channel with zero dead-time are correlated with neighboring information and processed in real time by a 3D-Flow DSP to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and extract and measure particle properties, resulting in the identification of the particles' position, accurate energy measurement, depth of interaction (DOI), and the timing measurements. A thorough real-time algorithm that best identifies the photons can be executed because the 3D-Flow sequentially-implemented, parallel architecture (SIPA) allows for processing time to be extended in a pipeline stage beyond the time interval between two consecutive input data. Very low power consumption drivers drive short, equal-length PCB traces between 3D-Flow chips, solving the problem of signal skew, ground bounce, cross-talk and noise. The electronics validates and separates events from the different modalities (PET/CT); PET events are checked for coincidences using a circuit sensitive to radiation activity rather than the number of detector elements. Both PET and CT examinations occur at the same time in a stationary bed position using a detector with a long FOV, avoiding motion artifacts, increasing throughput, reducing examination cost, reducing radiation to patients, increasing resolution, improving data quality, and reducing erroneous readings (false positives). The saturation of the electronics of current PET is eliminated by using a system with an input bandwidth of 35 billion events per second distributed over 1,792 channels. The output bandwidth is selectable to sustain the activity generated by the maximum radiation that a PET/CT should ever receive. The overall events are gathered by IBM PC or VME CPU board, formatted and sent to the image processing workstation. The entire system can be simulated from top level to gate level before construction.
Real-Time Decentralization Information Processing and Returns to Scale

We use a model of real-time decentralized information processing to understand howconstraints on human information processing affect the returns to scale of organizations.We identify three informational (dis)economies of scale: diversification of heterogeneousrisks (positive), sharing of information and of costs (positive), and crowding out ofrecent information due to information processing delay (negative). Because decisionrules are endogenous, delay does not inexorably lead to decreasing returns to scale.However, returns are more likely to be decreasing when computation constraints, ratherthan sampling costs, limit the information upon which decisions are conditioned. Theresults illustrate how information processing constraints together with the requirementof informational integration cause a breakdown of the replication arguments that havebeen used to establish nondecreasing technological returns to scale.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF POKOK BAHASAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN RAWAJATI 06 PAGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran Realistic Matematics Education (RME) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif tentang konsep pecahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan model classroom action research (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD N Negeri Rawajati Pagitahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan dalam 2 pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan post tes. Teknik post tes yaitu dengan evaluasi dan observasi. Evaluasi digunakan untuk menjaring data tentang kemampuan berpikir kreatif konsep pecahan. Sementara observasi digunakan untuk menjaring data tentang penggunaan pendekatan Realistic Matematics Education. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata siswa yang telah mencapai KKM hanya 57,14%. Sedangkan hasil penelitian pada siklus II menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata dari jumlah seluruh siswa mencapai KKM 89,29%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran konsep pecahan dengan penerapan pendekatan Realistic Matematics Education dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif materi pecahan pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Rawajati 06 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.
Knowing When Not to Quit: State Reputation and War Duration

Rationalist explanations of war often tout the importance of informational asymmetries. However, some wars last substantially longer than others. Warring states obtain vital information in the initial stages of conflict about one another’s capabilities, resolve, and reservation points. Yet, as Robert Powell (2006) argues, wars may continue to persist as a result of the conflicting parties’ inability to commit to peaceful forms of conflict resolution. In this paper, we seek to explain interstate war duration by focusing on the tenor of state reputations. We argue that commitment problems will be especially difficult to overcome when warring states have an historical reputation for hostility. Past conflicts are indications of past commitment problems. As such, we expect that reputations that are marked by hostile interactions will have the effect of prolonging the duration of interstate wars. We test this hypothesis in a model of war duration by using the Reputational Interdependence Score (Crescenzi, 2007) as measures of states’ extra–dyadic histories of conflict and cooperation. The results shed light on the ability of states to credibly commit to conflict resolution.
Mechanical pre-treatment for separation of bio-waste from municipal solid waste: case study of district in Latvia

The mechanical pre-treatment technologies are one of the solutions that are planned to be used in all waste management regions to separate biodegradable municipal waste in Latvia, thus inter alia contributing to implementation of the waste policy of the European Union. In Latvia recent research of the collected household waste composition shows that average bio-waste is 39 %. The article provides the results of experimental work for partly sorted municipal solid waste mechanical pre-treatment in Latvia. The goal is to detect the composition of sorted waste parts after separation by the drum screener for evaluation of the effectiveness of the mechanical pre-treatment. The experimental truckloads of the collected waste (bio-waste and partly sorted) were selected from the apartments in Broceni town during a period of one year (2017/2018). Each truckload was weighed and the mass balance of the materials was established. Mechanical pre-treatment equipment is the bag breaker, drum screener and magnetic separator. Samples were taken from partly sorted municipal solid waste in two fractions – coarse, fine. The composition was determined manually in 11 parts. The moisture of fractions was determined. Results – fine fraction is ~34 %, coarse fraction ~65 % and metal ~1 %; separation of biological waste at source variates from 62 % in the autumn to 17 % in the spring season by mass.
Co-authorship trends and collaboration patterns in the Slovenian sociological community

The article deals with some processes generating increases in research collaboration; one of the most characteristic tendencies of modern science. The major empirical focus is the increasing tendency to co-authorship in sociological publications in Slovenia. Bibliometric analyses, based on two joint national research information systems (SICRIS and COBISS), show the amount of co- authored publications in the field of sociology have increased over the last two decades. Blockmodeling of co-authorship networks in sociology has shown that sociologists who are not systematically tied to strongly connected and well- established research groups produce the best scientific publications in their field.
Genetic Diversity of Marrubium Species from Zagros Region (Iran), Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Molecular Marker

This study concerns the genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Marrubium species from central and south-west of Zagros region, Iran. It is investigated by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat analysis. A total of 68 accessions from five Marrubium species were collected from their natural habitats. Molecular analysis was approved with 17 primers, of which 12 were carried out in the reaction mixture. Moreover, a data matrix was designed to estimate genetic parameters. To determine the genetic structure and taxonomic status, analysis of molecular variance, clustering analysis with UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Average) and the Jaccard similarity coefficient were estimated using NT-SYS-pc and Gene Alex software. Supplementary morphological evidences of calyx teeth features were also provided. The results of this study revealed that both sections Marrubium, Microdonta, and Ballota aucheri displayed a high percentage of polymorphism (PP=100%). In addition, their genetic diversity (Gst=0.99), number of effective alleles (Ne=1.53) and Shannon information index (I=0.51) showed a high percentage. Notably, all of the 12 primers produced reproducible bands. Analysis of molecular variance detected low quantities of gene variation among species (18%) from which high proportion of variation presented among populations within species (82%). Based on cluster analysis, M. cuneatum, M. vulgare and M. anisodon were definitely separated. Moreover, M. crassidens and M. vulgare were closely grouped. The calyx teeth features of M. cuneatum and M. crassidens revealed high variations which is consistent with molecular results. In conclusion, high genetic diversity in Marrubium species and accessions presents a valuable genetic resource in Zagros region, Iran.
Relevance of indigenous conflict management mechanisms: evidence from Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo and Central Gonja Districts of Northern Region, Ghana

The Northern Region is witnessing protracted and relapsed conflicts, and attempts at resolving these largely through Western models, particularly the formal court system have not been successful. As such, this study explores the relevance of indigenous conflict management mechanisms in restoring enduring peace in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed a multiple case study design. Data was collected from forty-three purposively selected respondents using interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. The results from thematic and cross-site analysis revealed that indigenous mechanisms have features of inclusive participatory approach at all levels of the conflict leading to acceptable outcomes. The traditional mechanisms have proven to be immediate and meaningful, accessible, and affordable. The use of local languages is well understood by all parties and processes and procedure are well attuned to local needs as they produce quick justice for the people. The development of a comprehensive programme to incorporate aspects of both the indigenous and western-centred judicial structures for the purposes of legitimacy of management outcomes is proposed. Keywords: Conflicts, Indigenous, Management, Mechanisms, Participatory, Ghana
Inheritance of colour in Phaseolus vulgaris L. II. A critical review.

Thirty years ago the present author wrote 'Inheritance of colours in Phaseolus vulgaris L. , I' ('PRAKKEN', 1940). In that article he tried to reconcile his own results ( 'PRAKKEN', 1934 and later) and those of some other investigators, especially KOOIMAN (1920, 1931), with those of the important Phaseolus and Pisum specialist, the late dr. H. LAMPRECHT. The latter has made many contributions to the study of colour-inheritance in Phaseolus, many of which are of a lasting value, because of the accurate colour descriptions and the detailed genetic analysis. On the other hand, however, according to the present writer, LAMPRECHT twice made a fatal misinterpretation in the factorial explanation, resulting in an unnecessarily complicated and, I think, quite faulty factorial scheme of colour inheritance. Hence my reconciling article ('PRAKKEN', 1940), convinced as I was, thanks to the accurate colour descriptions and, at least in the earlier articles, clear F2 and F 3 analyses of LAMPRECHT, that we were working with quite the same, or at least strikingly analogous colour types and genes. Part of our races were, moreover, exchanged. For the sake of clarity, it is desirable to remind of the generally useful (though not strictly objection-free) classification of Phaseolus genes for seed coat colour:
Effect of different conductor tubes on the longitudinal distribution of soybean seeds

Some crops have great sensitivity to the population variation and also to the spacing arrangement between seeds in the seeding row. This way, the longitudinal distribution of seeds by seed metering mechanisms must be highly accurate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seed conductor tube type, combined with pneumatic and horizontal disc meter mechanisms, varying the seeding density rate. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using a seed meter test bench. Treatments consisted of a combination among two seed meters, six conductor tubes and four peripheral speeds for the discs, corresponding to the densities of 250, 300, 350 and 400 thousand soybean seeds ha, organized in a three-factor scheme with four repetitions. When increasing seeding density rate with the same ground speed, there was a reduction in the acceptable spacing percentage, however, conductor tubes with a parabolic profile, angle close to 30 degrees showed the best performance in relation to longitudinal seed distribution, regardless of the type of seed meter used.