Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Community Change among Ammonia Oxidizers in Meadow Soils upon Long-Term Incubation at Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT The effect of temperature on the community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was investigated in three different meadow soils. Two of the soils (OMS and GMS) were acidic (pH 5.0 to 5.8) and from sites in Germany with low annual mean temperature (about 10°C), while KMS soil was slightly alkaline (pH 7.9) and from a site in Israel with a high annual mean temperature (about 22°C). The soils were fertilized and incubated for up to 20 weeks in a moist state and as a buffered (pH 7) slurry amended with urea at different incubation temperatures (4 to 37°C). OMS soil was also incubated with less fertilizer than the other soils. The community structure of ammonia oxidizers was analyzed before and after incubation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the amoA gene, which codes for the α subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. All amoA gene sequences found belonged to the genus Nitrosospira. The analysis showed community change due to temperature both in moist soil and in the soil slurry. Two patterns of community change were observed. One pattern was a change between the different Nitrosospira clusters, which was observed in moist soil and slurry incubations of GMS and OMS. Nitrosospira AmoA cluster 1 was mainly detected below 30°C, while Nitrosospira cluster 4 was predominant at 25°C. Nitrosospira clusters 3a, 3b, and 9 dominated at 30°C. The second pattern, observed in KMS, showed a community shift predominantly within a single Nitrosospira cluster. The sequences of the individual DGGE bands that exhibited different trends with temperature belonged almost exclusively to Nitrosospira cluster 3a. We conclude that ammonia oxidizer populations are influenced by temperature. In addition, we confirmed previous observations that N fertilizer also influences the community structure of ammonia oxidizers. Thus, Nitrosospira cluster 1 was absent in OMS soil treated with less fertilizer, while Nitrosospira cluster 9 was only found in the sample given less fertilizer.
Human JC polyomavirus in normal colorectal mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, sporadic adenomas, and adenocarcinomas in Portugal

John Cunningham virus (JCV) infects chronically human populations worldwide and probably might confer a higher risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). The prevalence of JCV DNA has been determined in normal colon mucosa and compared it with different degrees of colorectal lesions, as well as viral presence in the urine of the individuals in the study. JCV DNA was detected by a nested‐PCR approach targeting the JCV small‐t antigen in 100 healthy controls, and 100 patients undergoing biopsy for diagnosis of colorectal disorders. JCV DNA was detected in 40% of normal mucosa from controls and patients. JCV DNA presence in urine was also similar in controls and patients (37–41% range). JCV DNA detection in normal mucosa and urine reflects the infected population in Portugal. However, in cases with colorectal tumor lesions, JCV DNA was detected in 90% cases, independently of histological type or grade, and this increase was significantly higher with respect to its normal surrounding mucosa. This higher detection of JCV DNA in tumor lesions with respect to its own normal mucosa suggested that a selection for virus containing cells has occurred at some early stage in tumor initiation or progression. JCV may have a specific tropism for colon epithelial cells with some inherent predisposition that makes them more prone to oncogenic transformation, with selection of infected cells. Several p53 polymorphisms in intron 2, common to both groups, were more frequently detected in colorectal pathology cases. A novel p53 mutation in the 3′ untranslated region (exon 11) was identified in 10 patients. J. Med. Virol. 85:2119–2127, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional Rectification of the Newly Described African Henipavirus Fusion Glycoprotein (Gh-M74a)

ABSTRACT Recent evidence identified multiple Henipavirus species in Africa distinct from those in Southeast Asia and Australia. The reported fusion glycoprotein (F) sequence of the African Gh-M74a strain (GhV-F) is likely incorrect: a single base pair deletion near the N terminus results in multiple aberrancies. Rectifying this by adding single nucleotide insertions results in a GhV-F that now possesses a signal peptide, is efficiently cell surface expressed, exhibits syncytium formation when coexpressed with GhV-G protein, and mediates pseudotyped viral particle entry.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

‘Mindfulness’ als therapeutische methodiek is in opkomst. De ‘Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction’ van Jon Kabat-Zinn wordt inmiddels wereldwijd aangeboden in instellingen voor somatische en geestelijke gezondheidszorg, scholen, bedrijven en gevangenissen. Er wordt onderzoek gedaan naar de effecten en de werkzame factoren. Trainers hebben allerlei professionele achtergronden. Dit artikel introduceert MBSR in het psychomotorisch werkveld. Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: a review of current treatment practices

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic protozoan infection that infects a million people living in subtropical and tropical areas. Once established, the clinical course of untreated disease leads to death. Recent, large-scale epidemics in east Africa and India and the emergence of a new epidemic in patients infected with HIV makes VL a priority for the World Health Organization. Pentavalent antimonials have been the mainstay of the treatment for > 60 years. The progressive appearance of antimonial resistance, the developments of lipid formulations of amphotericin B and a new oral administered drug (miltefosine) have changed the pattern of VL treatment. The prohibitive cost of new therapies leads to different treatment practices according to the socioeconomic and cultural status of each region.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for the prevention of sickle cell disease: Current trends and barriers to uptake in a London teaching hospital

Introduction. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a clinically significant hemoglobinopathy with increasing global incidence. We describe our experience of using pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for the prevention of SCD at a tertiary referral centre in London. Methods. Between January 2002 and December 2007, of 78 at-risk couples referred for PGD treatment, 12 couples (15%) underwent 16 PGD cycles for the prevention of SCD. Results. The live birth rate was 13% per initiated cycle, 18% per embryo transfer and 17% per couple. Conclusions. Although PGD for prevention of the birth of a child affected by SCD is a viable treatment option for couples at risk of having an affected child, potential barriers to uptake of this service need to be fully addressed to ensure its availability to all couples seeking to avoid having a child affected with SCD.
Evaluating interprofessional learning modules: health students’ attitudes to interprofessional practice

Abstract Interprofessional learning opportunities are thought to assist health students to work in a more collaborative, patient focussed manner during their career. In line with this thinking, the University of Newcastle’s Department of Rural Health delivers monthly interprofessional learning modules (ILMs) to students on a range of health topics. Students’ attitudes towards interprofessional learning were assessed pre- and post-ILM, using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning scale (RIPLS). Thirty-eight students completed both pre- and post-surveys with a return rate of 36%. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in students’ attitudes to interprofessional learning in three of four domains. Based on the findings from this study, ILMs appear to be a worthwhile educational opportunity and may improve student attitudes to interprofessional learning in the short term.
The prediction of collision.

No direct information is available on the factors which enter into an operator's decision as to whether two moving objects will collide, nor are there data on the accuracy with which such predictions are made. The previous studies which bear the closest relation to these problems have involved only one moving object. In a motion-picture Estimation of Velocity Test devised by Gibson, S was required to estimate at a subsequent instant of time the position of a moving airplane which had disappeared behind a cloud.1 The responses indicated that S generally was able to extrapolate the target-motion with an error of velocity of less than 20%. Experimental work by one of the present writers, using a task in which S was required to continue tracking after the target disappeared, found the average error of continuative velocity to be from 12 to 17% of the previous velocity.2 The continuation of accelerated patterns of motion also was studied. It was found that the continuation maintained a constant velocity which was lower than the last visible velocity for positively accelerated targets and higher for negatively accelerated ones. It was inferred that S had either used a particular 'stale' velocity or else had integrated velocities over some period of time. In the present experiment, one type of collision-situation was studied. Two targets in marked orthogonal lanes approached an intersection, and a centrallyplaced S predicted their future relative positions. There are, of course, many important collision-situations to which one or more of these specifications will not apply, and it should be emphasized that each variation in situation may well bring new factors into the judgments. Expectations here were based upon the earlier studies on estimation and continuation. It was predicted that judgments of the relative future positions of two moving targets would reflect an error of 15 or 20% in estimating the velocities. The smoothing of accelerated motion also was foreseen. METHOD
Sağlık Bakanlığı Hastanelerine Yapılan Hasta Şikâyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Saglik hizmetlerinde hasta odakli bakimin temel alindigi gunumuzde, saglik kurumlari hastalarin ihtiyac ve beklentilerini karsilayabilmek icin hasta deneyimlerini goz onune almak zorundadirlar. Bu temelde hastalarin ihtiyac ve beklentilerini tanimak ve hasta ve yakinlari ile uzun sureli iliski kurmak isteyen saglik kurumlari etkili bir hasta iliskileri yonetimi, diger bir deyisle hasta sikâyet yonetim sistemi kurgulamalidirlar. Hasta sikâyet yonetim sistemi, hastalarin deneyimlerini, ihtiyaclarini ve beklentilerini kuruma aktaran stratejik bir yonetim aracidir. Hasta sikâyet yonetim sistemi ile saglik kurumlari hizmet sunduklari hasta profilini taniyarak, gerek hasta bakiminda gerekse de kurum ici duzenlemelerde hastalar tarafindan algilanan performanslarini degerlendirebilirler. Turkiye’de ozel hastaneler kadar hizmet kalitesini arttirmayi hedefleyen kamu hastaneleri de hizmet sunduklari hastalarin degerlendirmeleri goz onune almalidirlar. Bu calismada Turkiye’de kamu hastanelerinin hasta sikâyet yonetim sistemi incelenerek var olan sikâyetlerin karakteristik ozelliklerine, hastanelerin turune, bolgesel gelismislik duzeyine, nufus yogunlugu ve hekim sayisina gore nasil bir dagilim gosterdigini ve nasil sonuclandigini ortaya koymak amaclanmistir. Calismanin bulgulari kamu hastanelerinde var olan sikâyetlerin ozellikleri ve dagilimlari hakkinda onemli bilgiler sunmakta olup bu hastanelerde verilen hizmetlerin kalitesini degerlendirmede onemli bilgiler saglayacagi dusunulmektedir
UNA REVISIÓN SOBRE LAS VARIABLES DE ESTILOS DE VIDA SALUDABLES

El principal objetivo de este trabajo de revision consiste en analizar las caracteristicas de la investigacion actual sobre los estilos de vida saludables. El periodo analizado se extiende desde 1987 hasta 1993. Los resultados mas sobresalientes indican que la mayoria de los autores definen de una manera similar los estilos de vida saludables. Las variables mas estudiadas en todos los grupos de edad (adolescentes, adultos y tercera edad) son: consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol, actividad fisica y alimentacion. Aunque en terminos generales los objetivos de los trabajos empiricos consisten en analizar las variables de estilos de vida, hemos observado algunas diferencias en funcion del grupo de edad estudiado. Asi, los estudios con muestras de adolescentes tratan mayoritariamente de describir los estilos de vida saludables, mientras que en los estudios con adultos el objetivo principal consiste en hallar los principales predictores de los mismos. Palabras clave: Estilos de vida, salud, variables, predictores
Healthcare access among circular and undocumented Mexican migrants: results from a pilot survey on the Mexico-US border.

BACKGROUND Temporary and unauthorized migrants may face unique obstacles to access health care services in the U.S. OBJECTIVE This study estimated levels of health care access among Mexican migrants returning to Mexico from the U.S. and factors associated with access to health care, with emphasis on the role of modifiable, enabling factors. METHODS We conducted a pilot probability health care survey of migrants in the border city of Tijuana, Mexico (N=186). RESULTS Approximately 42% of migrants reported having used health care services in the U.S. during the past year. Only 38% had a usual source of care and approximately 11% went without needed medical care in the U.S. About 71% of migrants did not have health insurance in the U.S. Lack of health insurance and transportation limitations were significantly related to various access indicators. CONCLUSION These results have implications for future policies and programs aimed to address modifiable health care access barriers faced by these vulnerable and underserved segments of the Mexican migrant population.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Bone Mineral Density of the Femoral Neck Is Associated with Vitamin D Receptor Genotype

Recent studies suggest that variations of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are related to bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, we examined the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on BMD at the femoral neck in relation to VDR genotype. We analyzed 81 women, age 70 years and over, who participated in a placebo‐controlled clinical trial on the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation (400 IU daily for at least 2 years) on BMD and fracture incidence. VDR genotype was based on the presence (b) or absence (B) of the BsmI restriction site. Mean BMD of the right and left femoral neck was measured at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Dietary calcium, body mass index, and years since menopause were assessed at baseline while biochemical markers were measured at baseline and after 1 year. There was no difference among the BB, Bb, and bb genotype for baseline measurements of BMD at the femoral neck (mean and SD, g/cm2: 0.70 (0.10), 0.71 (0.12), and 0.69 (0.10), respectively), nor for any of the biochemical indices. The mean increase of BMD in the vitamin D group relative to the placebo group, expressed as percentage of baseline BMD, was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in the BB (ΔBMD: 4.4%, p = 0.04) and Bb genotype (ΔBMD: 4.2%, p = 0.007) compared with the bb genotype (ΔBMD: −0.3%, p = 0.61). No significant changes were found for any of the other measured parameters. The VDR genotype‐dependent effect of vitamin D supplementation in these elderly subjects suggest a functional involvement of VDR gene variants in determining BMD.
Correlation of kinase genotype and clinical outcome in the North American Intergroup Phase III Trial of imatinib mesylate for treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor: CALGB 150105 Study by Cancer and Leukemia Group B and Southwest Oncology Group.

PURPOSE Imatinib mesylate is standard treatment for patients who have advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but not all patients benefit equally. In previous studies, GIST genotype correlated with treatment outcome and optimal imatinib dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the relationship between kinase genotype and treatment outcome for 428 patients enrolled on the North American phase III study SWOG S0033/CALGB 150105 and treated with either 400 mg or 800 mg daily doses of imatinib. RESULTS The presence of KIT exon 11-mutant genotype (n = 283) correlated with improved treatment outcome when compared with KIT exon 9-mutant (n = 32) and wild-type (WT; n = 67) genotypes for objective response (complete response [CR]/partial response [PR], 71.7% v 44.4% [P = .007]; and 44.6% [P = .0002], respectively); time to tumor progression (TTP; median 24.7 months v 16.7 and 12.8 months, respectively); and overall survival (OS; median 60.0 months v 38.4 and 49.0 months, respectively). The survival outcomes for patients with exon 9-mutant, exon 11-mutant or WT GIST were not affected by imatinib dose. However, there was evidence of improved response rates for patients with exon 9-mutant tumors treated with imatinib 800 mg versus 400 mg (CR/PR, 67% v 17%; P = .02). Patients who had CD117-negative GIST had similar TTP but inferior OS compared with patients who had CD117-positive disease, which suggests that patients who have CD117-negative GIST may benefit from imatinib treatment. In addition, we identified novel but rare mutations of the KIT extracellular domain (exons 8 and 9). CONCLUSION We confirmed the favorable impact of KIT exon 11 genotype when compared with KIT exon 9 and wild-type genotype for patients with advanced GIST who are treated with imatinib.
Targeting the body to protect the brain: inducing neuroprotection with remotely-applied near infrared light

The incidence of intractable age-related neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and age-related macular degeneration is projected to increase substantially over the coming decades with the ageing of the global population. While the burden of disease associated with other chronic conditions has decreased in recent times due to improved diagnosis and treatment, current therapies for neurodegenerative diseases still fall short in that they are only effective in treating signs and symptoms – they do little to slow or prevent disease progress. Thus, there is an urgent need for treatments that address disease progression.
Integron Class 1 Reservoir among Highly Resistant Gram-Negative Microorganisms Recovered at a Dutch Teaching Hospital

Integrons play an important role in the dissemination of resistance genes among bacteria. Nearly 70% of highly resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated at a tertiary care hospital harbored an integron. Epidemiologic analysis suggests that horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism of resistance spread and has a greater contribution than cross-transmission to levels of resistance in settings where highly resistant gram-negative bacteria are endemic.
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) and Insulin Release in the Obese Zucker Rat

The involvement of the gut hormone GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) in the hyperinsulinemia of the adult obese Zucker rat was investigated. Glucose, insulin, and GIP responses to oral glucose were compared in lean and obese rats. The sensitivity of the isolated, perfused pancreas to glucose and GIP was studied in basal and hyperglycemie conditions in lean and obese rats. Immunocytochemical studies of the gut and pancreas were also carried out. The glucose and GIP responses to oral glucose were similar in lean and obese rats, but obese animals were hyperinsulinemic compared with lean controls under fasting conditions and after oral glucose. The isolated, perfused pancreas of obese Zucker rats had an elevated insulin response to 300 mg/dl glucose. GIP increased the insulin response to 300 mg/dl glucose threefold in both lean and obese rats. At basal glucose levels (80 mg/dl), GIP augmented insulin release in obese but not in lean rats. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of enlarged islets in obese rats due to an increase in the B-cell mass. A-, D-, and PP-cells appeared normal. Obese and lean rats had similar numbers of GIP-containing cells in the gut. This study suggests that GIP may contribute to the fasting hyperinsulinemia characteristic of adult obese Zucker rats. GIP infusion to achieve levels equivalent to those seen in the basal state are capable of stimulating insulin release in the absence of hyperglycemia in the obese rat, which suggests an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the glucose-dependent insulinotropic action of GIP in these animals.
TDP‐43 and FUS en route from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Misfolded or mislocalized RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) and, consequently, altered mRNA processing, can cause neuronal dysfunction, eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Two prominent examples are the RBPs TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), which form pathological messenger ribonucleoprotein aggregates in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), two devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the multiple functions of TDP‐43 and FUS in mRNA processing, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. We discuss how TDP‐43 and FUS may exit the nucleus and how defects in both nuclear and cytosolic mRNA processing events, and possibly nuclear export defects, may contribute to neurodegeneration and ALS/FTD pathogenesis.
Severe Global Inflammatory Involvement of Ocular Segments and Optic Disc Swelling in a 12-Year-Old Girl with Kawasaki Disease

Purpose Pediatric Kawasaki ocular involvement is dominated by bulbar conjunctival injection and mild, self-limited anterior uveitis. Posterior segment involvement is rare. Methods/Results Case report. Despite early efficient treatment including aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulins, a 12-year-old girl developed a severe bilateral global inflammatory ocular involvement including punctuated keratitis, retrodescemetic precipitates, anterior uveitis, vitritis, and bilateral optic disc swelling with papillitis. This is the first description of severe bilateral global inflammatory involvement of the eyes in Kawasaki disease (KD). Usually subclinical and self-limited, eye involvement in KD can lead to severe visual impairment. Conclusions Inflammation of both anterior and posterior segments does not seem to respond to KD-specific treatment and could justify a specific ophthalmologic therapeutic approach.