Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imprints of Oscillatory Bispectra on Galaxy Clustering

Long-short mode coupling during inflation, encoded in the squeezed bispectrum of curvature perturbations, induces a dependence of the local, small-scale power spectrum on long-wavelength perturbations, leading to a scale-dependent halo bias. While this scale dependence is absent in the large-scale limit for single-field inflation models that satisfy the consistency relation, certain models such as resonant non-Gaussianity show a peculiar behavior on intermediate scales. We reconsider the predictions for the halo bias in this model by working in Conformal Fermi Coordinates, which isolate the physical effects of long-wavelength perturbations on short-scale physics. We find that the bias oscillates with scale with an envelope similar to that of equilateral non-Gaussianity. Moreover, the bias shows a peculiar modulation with the halo mass. Unfortunately, we find that upcoming surveys will be unable to detect the signal because of its very small amplitude. We also discuss non-Gaussianity due to interactions between the inflaton and massive fields: our results for the bias agree with those in the literature.
Trust and Religion : Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh Working paper 167

Trust is measured using both survey questions and a standard trust experiment using a random sample of individuals in rural Bangladesh. We found no significant effect of the social distance between Hindus and Muslims in the trust experiment in terms of fractions sent or returned, but the responses to the survey questions indicate significant differences: Hindus, the minority, trust other people less in general, and Hindus trust Muslims more than the other way around.
Cadmium effects on potassium content and pepper seedling growth in different peat ratios

Effects of cadmium applications on plant growth and potassium contents of pepper seedlings were investigated in different mixtures of soil:peat ratios. This study was conducted with three different levels of Cd (Cd 0 =0, Cd 1 =2.5 and Cd 2 =5.0 ppm) and three different ratios of soil:peat (Pt 0 =soil:no peat, Pt 10 =soil:10% peat and Pt 20 =soil:20% peat) in a factorial experimental design with three replications. K contents of shoots and some criteria of pepper seedlings such as; shoot and root dry weights were significantly influenced with the soil:peat ratios. Interactions between soil:peat ratio and Cd significantly affected shoot and root dry weights and K contents of pepper seedlings. Application of 20% peat ratio significantly increased shoot dry weight. Mean root dryweights decreased with increasing Cd dose applications. The highest (7.0%) and the lowest (4.1%) K contents in shoots were determined in Pt 20 Cd 2 and Pt 0 Cd 2 applications, respectively. On the other hand, the highest (3.27%) and the lowest (2.12%) K contents in roots were determined in Pt 0 Cd 2 and Pt 20 Cd 0 applications, respectively. Mean Cd contentents in shoots were also significantly reduced with increasing K contents of shoots, especially in the mixture of soil:20% peat ratio.
Natural Ventilation of Indoor Air Temperature: A Case Study of the Traditional Malay House in Penang

Problem statement: It was the aim of the study to analyze the level o f performance of natural air ventilation with a case study of the tr aditional Malay house in Penang, Malaysia. This stu dy provided information on the architectural design in relation to natural air ventilation. It promoted passive design in contrast to most housing design w hich has poor natural air ventilation because the design was orientated to energy consumption that sl ightly more than one third of the electric energy was used for heating, ventilating and air condition ing systems. Approach: This analysis used quantitative method which measured temperature, humidity and wind speed of the traditional house. The result indicated the level of performance of cr oss air ventilation and stack effect. Results: The analysis showed that the traditional house has a de sign integrated with natural air ventilation system . The indoor house temperature and relative humidity had slightly lower than its outdoor area. However, the indoor area had lower wind speed level than the outdoor area. Conclusion : The study showed that maximum openings on the building walls created high air intakes outside the house to give poor performance of stack effect. The design had more emphasis to cross air ventilation.
OPTIMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING TUG OF WAR OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

In this study, the recently developed method, Tug of War Optimization (TWO), is employed for simultaneous analysis, design and optimization of Water Distribution Systems (WDSs). In this method, analysis procedure is carried out using Tug of War Optimization algorithm. Design and cost optimization of WDSs are performed simultaneous with analysis process using an objective function in order to satisfying the analysis criteria, design constraints and cost optimization. A number of practical examples of WDSs are selected to demonstrate the efficiency of the presented algorithm. The findings of this study clearly signify the efficiency of the TWO algorithm in reducing the water distribution networks construction cost.
Petrogenesis of fertile mantle peridotites from the Monte del Estado massif (southwest Puerto Rico): a preserved section of Proto-Caribbean lithospheric mantle?

The Monte del Estado massif is the largest and northernmost serpentinized peridotite belt in southwest Puerto Rico. It is mainly composed of spinel lherzolite and minor harzburgite with variable clinopyroxene modal abundances. Mineral and whole rock major and trace element compositions of peridotites coincide with those of fertile abyssal mantle rocks from mid ocean ridges. Peridotites lost 2-14 wt% of relative MgO and variable amounts of CaO by serpentinization and seafloor weathering. HREE contents in whole rock indicate that the Monte del Estado peridotites are residues after low to moderate degrees (2-15%) of fractional partial melting in the spinel stability field. However, very low LREE/HREE and MREE/HREE in clinopyroxene cannot be explained by melting models of a spinel lherzolite source and support that the Monte del Estado peridotites experienced initial low fractional melting degrees (~ 4%) in the garnet stability field. The relative enrichment of LREE in whole rock is not due to alteration processes but probably reflects the capture of percolating fluid/melt fractions or the crystallization of sub-percent amounts of hydrous minerals (e.g., amphibole, phlogopite) along grain boundaries or as microinclusions in minerals. We propose that the Monte del Estado peridotite belt represents a section of ancient Proto-Caribbean (Atlantic) lithospheric mantle originated by seafloor spreading between North and South America in the Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous. This portion of oceanic lithospheric mantle was subsequently trapped in the forearc region of the Greater Antilles paleo-island arc generated by the northward subduction of the Caribbean plate beneath the Proto-Caribbean ocean. Finally, the Monte del Estado peridotites belt was emplaced in the Early Cretaceous probably as result of the change in subduction polarity of the Greater Antilles paleo-island arc without having been significantly modified by subduction processes
Stem Cells and Development : Studies on SUFU and LGR 5

Embryonic development and cancer formation appear quite different from each other at first glance, yet they share common characteristics such as the reliance on certain signalling pathways. The Hedgehog (HH) and WNT signalling cascades play key roles in a variety of developmental processes where deregulation of these pathways result in a diversity of birth defects. In adult tissue, they are crucial for homeostasis and repair. Therefore, tight regulation of these pathways is of utmost importance, since aberrant activation can lead to numerous types of cancer. Suppressor of fused (SUFU) is an essential negative regulator of the HH pathway, and consequently pivotal for embryonic development such that Sufu embryos die at around E9.5. The leucine-rich repeat containing Gprotein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a WNT target gene, acts as a co-receptor in WNT signalling, and is up-regulated in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Additionally, Lgr5 is a marker for adult stem cells in
Factors Affecting Response Rates to Natural Resource - Focused Mail Surveys: Empirical Evidence of Declining Rates Over Time

We analyzed factors that could affect response rates for 105 mail surveys conducted by the Human Dimensions Research Unit at Cornell University between 1971 and 2000. The surveys addressed diverse natural resource-based topics and involved a variety of study populations. We tested the null hypothesis that response rates to natural resource-focused mail surveys are not changing over time. We found the best multiple regression model (adjusted R 2 =.558) to explain differences in response rates incorporated five independent variables: (1) saliency of study topic to surveyed population, (2) the month of the first mailing, (3) the size (font) of print type, (4) the number of complex questions included in the survey, and (5) year of survey implementation. All other variables held constant, the model suggests that response rates dropped on average 0.77% per year over the 30-year period. The scatterplot of response rate versus time suggests a gradual decline in response rates over time.
EFFECTS OF LUTEOLIN ON INTRA PERITONEAL ADHESION BANDS IN RAT

Intraperitoneal adhesion is consequences of surgery in the abdomen and result in infertility, intestinal obstruction and pelvic pain. Luteolin (LUT) is a natural product that has antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic effects and its effects were evaluated as anti-adhesive in animal model. 30 male rats assigned in to 5 groups (6 animals in each group) of LUT 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg and normal saline as a control group and intact animals. Animal anesthetized and peritoneal injury was conducted and seven days following to surgery, they scarified. Microscopic, macroscopic, lipid peroxidation changes and TNF-α plasma concentration were evaluated. LUT reduced microscopic and macroscopic injury and lipid peroxidation significantly. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α didn’t show any changes. LUT reduces lipid peroxidation, adhesion band formation in microscopic and macroscopic scale but no change in the serum levels of TNFalpha. Keywords : Luteolin; Adhesion Bands; TNF-α; Lipid Peroxidation.
Classification of Grain Size Distribution Curves of Bed Material and the Porosity

河床材料の粒度分布と空隙率は，河川の水生生物の生息環境として非常に重要な要素である。 本稿では，それらに関する事項のうち2点に関して検討した内容について発表する。 ひとつは，河床材料の粒度分布曲線を特定し，分類する手法に関して，もうひとつは，自然河川の河床材料や人為的に調整した混合土砂材料の空隙率の測定方法に関するものである。 河床材料の粒度分布は，その確率密度分布の関数指標とに基づき，対数正規分布，タルボット型分布，二山型分布の大まかに3種類の分布に分類することができる。 一方，河床材料の空隙率は，砂礫体積の現位置測定によって評価することが可能である。
Obtaining and Predicting the Bounds of Realized Correlations

SummaryThis paper argues that the inherent data problems make precise point identification of realized correlation difficult but identification bounds in the spirit of Manski (1995) can be derived. These identification bounds allow for a more robust approach to inference especially when the realized correlation is used for estimating other risk measures. We forecast the identification bounds using the HAR model of Corsi (2003) using data during the year of onset of the credit crisis and find that the bounds provide good predictive coverage of the realized correlation for both 1- and 10-step forecasts even in volatile periods.
Profits: Mean Diverting with High Volatility

Even though the behavior of the U.S. profit growth varies over the economic cycle that variation itself drives investor behavior and asset prices. We raise three fundamental questions which are; first, does profit growth over time exhibit a mean-reverting behavior? Second, how volatile are profits and does this volatility obscure the message of profit growth? Finally, do profit growth rates vary between decades/ sub-samples? Our efforts suggest that since 1970 the mean and standard deviation of profit growth had actually been decreasing up until 1990s. For the most recent (2000-08) period, the profit growth shows an up-tick in both the mean and the standard deviation. For the entire period, 1970-2008, we find that the trend coefficient is statistically insignificant. We apply the traditional unit root tests, efficient unit root tests, and unit root tests with structural break on the profits series. In addition, we follow Hamilton’s approach and apply an ARCH approach on the profits series. Our empirical findings are consistent with the Schumpeter’s view, mean-diversion with a possibility of deviation from long-run trend growth. In addition to the factors introduced by Schumpeter there may be some exogenous shocks which could alter the long-run path of the profits.
The Pupil Dilation Response During Speech Perception in Dark and Light: The Involvement of the Parasympathetic Nervous System in Listening Effort

Recently, the measurement of the pupil dilation response has been applied in many studies to assess listening effort. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying this response are still largely unknown. We present the results of a method that separates the influence of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system on the pupil response during speech perception. This is achieved by changing the background illumination level. In darkness, the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the pupil response is minimal, whereas in light, there is an additional component from the parasympathetic nervous system. Nineteen hearing-impaired and 27 age-matched normal-hearing listeners performed speech reception threshold tests targeting a 50% correct performance level while pupil responses were recorded. The target speech was masked with a competing talker. The test was conducted twice, once in dark and once in a light condition. Need for Recovery and Checklist Individual Strength questionnaires were acquired as indices of daily-life fatigue. In dark, the peak pupil dilation (PPD) did not differ between the two groups, but in light, the normal-hearing group showed a larger PPD than the hearing-impaired group. Listeners with better hearing acuity showed larger differences in dilation between dark and light. These results indicate a larger effect of parasympathetic inhibition on the pupil dilation response of listeners with better hearing acuity, and a relatively high parasympathetic activity in those with worse hearing. Previously observed differences in PPD between normal and impaired listeners are probably not solely because of differences in listening effort.
Exploring the Effect of Teaching Test-Taking Strategies on Intermediate Level Learners on Reading Section of Ielts; Learners’ Attitude in Focus

Language proficiency tests have become common instruments to judge people based on their performance. Thus, the scores on language proficiency tests, such as the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) or Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), play a crucial role in the test-takers’ lives. Because of increasing demands on the part of students to get a good score on these tests, test preparatory courses have emerged. These preparatory courses, characteristically short and limited in terms of time, equip IELTS candidates with the skills required for passing the test, called test-taking strategies. The present study explored the effect of strategy teaching- namely wash-back effect on reading section of academic IELTS on intermediate learners in Iran. Besides, learners’ attitude toward the strategy teaching was investigated as well. According to the descriptive statistics and t-test results, those learners who received strategy teaching outperformed those who had not received strategy teaching in reading section of IELTS.According to t-test results, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups since the p value was lower than . 05 (p < .001). Furthermore, the learners had positive attitudes toward receiving strategy teaching since there was a significant difference between the obtained mean score and the presupposed average because the p value was lower than . 05.
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC DYNAMIQUE SPA TIO-TEMPORELLE DES MACROINVERTÉBRÉS DES DÉBRIS LIGNEUX LENTIQUES MÉMOIRE

Coarse woody debris (CWD) in aquatic ecosystems can influence the structure and productivity of invertebrate communities that utilise wood as habitat. We documented the density and community composition of macroinvertebrates on white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) CWD sampled in a boreallake in Eastern Québec, Canada, at different depths and sites during spring, summer and autumn. In addition, we used dendrochronology to estimate the time spent by CWD in the water. Macroinvertebrate density and community composition were highly variable in space and time. Season was the main factor structuring taxa composition and their relative densities. Macroinvertebrate density was more than two times greater in autumn than in spring and summer. Predators, scrapers and collectors orgamsms were the most common functional feeding groups in spnng, summer and autumn, respectively. Most CWD entered the lake in the late 19 century, after its level was raised for timber driving by the early logging industry. No CWD entered the lake after this period because of slow riparian forest recovery. These results would assist lake management by providing a better understanding of macroinvertebrate and CWD dynamics in the context of long-term anthropogenic disturbance of forest-Iake coupling.
An Inventory of the Geological, Biological and Cultural Resources on Ufe-Oke Hill, Idanre, Southwestern Nigeria

Idanre, which represents a unique topographical landscape within southwestern Nigeria, is being proposed to the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for designation as a world heritage site. In line with this, we conducted a survey to document the rich geological, biological and cultural resources contained within the Ufe-Oke section of Idanre Hills. Our geological inventory revealed two major rock types, older porphyritic granite and fine grained granite, in addition to other minerals. We identified insects belonging to 174 species while fishes from 4 species were collected. Mammals belonging to 13 species were identified through trapping, sightings and signs, although an even greater variety was inferred from interviews with hunters and visits to local fetish markets. Patterns concerning how these biological taxa are distributed altitudinally along Ufe-Oke Hill are discussed. In addition, in the quarters within Ufe-Oke representing the ancient city of Idanre, we characterized about 200 pieces of anthropological material, which included pottery shards, beads, chinaware, brass bangles and ancient metal coins. We also identified various other major features of archeological interest. Finally we offer recommendations, in the light of our findings, concerning how the variety of resources catalogued in this study can be effectively harnessed while sus-taining at the same time the environmental integrity of this site, which offers the greatest opportunities and potential for tourism.
Activity Recognition of Workers and Passengers onboard Ships Using Multimodal Sensors in a Smartphone

상황 인식은 유비쿼터스컴퓨팅 환경에 대한 진화를 변화시켰고 무선 센서네트워크 기술은 많은 응용기기에 대한 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 특히, 행동 인식은 사람의 응용서비스를 제공하는데 있어 특정 사용자의 상황을 인식하는 핵심 요소로 의학, 취미, 군사 분야에서 폭넓은 응용분야를 갖고 있고 사용반경의 확대에서도 효율과 정확도를 높이는 방법에 크게 기여한다. 스마트폰 센서로부터 나오는 데이터로부터 프레임이 512인셈플 데이터를 얻어, 프레임간50%의 오버랩을 갖도록 하고 Machine Learning Algorithm 인 WEKA Experimenter (University of Waikato, Version 3.6.10)을 써서 데이더로부터 시간영역 특징값을 추출함으로써 행동 인식에 대한 99.33%의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, WEKA Experimenter의 사용기법인 C4.5 Decision Tree과 다른 방법인 BN, NB, SMO or Logistic Regression간의 비교실험을 하였다.
Correcting lateral chromatic aberrations in non-monochromatic X-ray microscopy

Lateral chromatic aberration in microscopy based on refractive optics may be reduced significantly by adjustments to the illumination scheme. By taking advantage of a broadened bandwidth illumination, the proposed scheme could open for x-ray microscopy with spatial resolution in the range 150–200 nm at millisecond frame rates. The scheme is readily implemented and is achievable using only standard refractive x-ray lenses, which has the advantage of high efficiency. It also maximizes the transmission and removes the spatial filtering effects associated with absorption in x-ray lenses.
Genome‐Wide Association Analysis of Diverse Soybean Genotypes Reveals Novel Markers for Nitrogen Traits

Nitrogen is a primary plant nutrient that plays a major role in achieving maximum economic yield. Insufficient availability most often limits soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] crop growth. Symbiotic N2 fixation in soybean is highly sensitive to limited water availability, and breeding for reduced N2 fixation sensitivity to drought is considered an important objective to improve yields under drought. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with N traits. A collection of 373 diverse soybean genotypes were grown in four field environments (2 yr and two locations) and characterized for N derived from atmosphere (Ndfa), N concentration ([N]), and C/N ratio. The population structure of 373 soybean genotypes was assessed based on 31,145 SNPs and genome‐wide association analysis using a unified mixed model identified SNPs associated with Ndfa, [N], and C/N ratio. Although the Ndfa, [N], and C/N ratio values were significantly different between the two locations in both years, results were consistent among genotypes across years and locations. While numerous SNPs were identified by association analysis for each trait in only one of the four environments, 17, 19, and 24 SNPs showed a significant association with Ndfa, [N], and C/N ratio, respectively, in at least two environments as well as with the average across all four environments. These markers represent an important resource for pyramiding favorable alleles for drought tolerance and for identifying extremes for comparative physiological studies.
Protocols for Endovascular Stroke Treatment Diminish the Weekend Effect Through Improvements in Off-Hours Care

Introduction: The weekend effect is a well-recognized phenomenon in which patient outcomes worsen for acute strokes presenting outside routine business hours. This is attributed to non-uniform availability of services throughout the week and evenings and, though described for intravenous thrombolysis candidates, is poorly understood for endovascular stroke care. We evaluated the impact of institutional protocols on the weekend effect, and the speed and outcome of endovascular therapy as a function of time of presentation. Method: This study assesses a prospective observational cohort of 129 consecutive patients. Patients were grouped based on the time of presentation during regular work hours (Monday through Friday, 07:00–19:00 h) vs. off-hours (overnight 19:00–07:00 h and weekends) and assessed for treatment latency and outcome. Results: Treatment latencies did not depend on the time of presentation. The door to imaging interval was comparable during regular and off-hours (median time 21 vs. 19 min, respectively, p < 0.50). Imaging to groin puncture was comparable (71 vs. 71 min, p < 1.0), as were angiographic and functional outcomes. Additionally, treatment intervals decreased with increased protocol experience; door-to-puncture interval significantly decreased from the first to the fourth quarters of the study period (115 vs. 94 min, respectively, p < 0.006), with the effect primarily seen during off-hours with a 28% reduction in median door-to-puncture times. Conclusions: Institutional protocols help diminish the weekend effect in endovascular stroke treatment. This is driven largely by improvement in off-hours performance, with protocol adherence leading to further decreases in treatment intervals over time.