Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Prompts on Fourth-Grade Children's Dietary Recall Accuracy Depends on Retention Interval and Varies by Gender.

BACKGROUND Dietary recall accuracy is related to retention interval (RI) (i.e., time between to-be-reported meals and the interview), and possibly to prompts. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated their combined effect. OBJECTIVE The combined influence of RI and prompts on children's recall accuracy was investigated in this study. Two RIs [short (prior-24-h recall obtained in afternoon) and long (previous-day recall obtained in morning)] were crossed with 4 prompts [forward (distant-to-recent), meal-name (breakfast, lunch, etc.), open (no instructions), and reverse (recent-to-distant)], creating 8 conditions. METHODS Fourth-grade children (n = 480; 50% girls) were randomly selected from consenting children at 10 schools in 4 districts in a southern state during 3 school years (2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014). Each child was observed eating school-provided breakfast and lunch, and interviewed one time under 1 of the 8 conditions. Condition assignment was constrained so that each had 60 children (30 girls). Accuracy measures were food-item omission and intrusion rates, and energy correspondence rate and inflation ratio. For each measure, linear models determined effects of RI, prompt, gender, and interactions (2-way, 3-way); race/ethnicity, school year, and district were control variables. RESULTS RI (P values < 0.015) and prompt (P values < 0.005) were significant for all 4 accuracy measures. RI × prompt (P values < 0.001) was significant for 3 accuracy measures (not intrusion rate). Prompt × gender (P = 0.005) was significant for omission rate. RI × prompt × gender was significant for intrusion rate and inflation ratio (P values < 0.001). For the short vs. long RI across prompts and genders, accuracy was better by 33-50% for each accuracy measure. CONCLUSIONS To obtain the most accurate recalls possible from children, studies should be designed to use a short rather than long RI. Prompts affect children's recall accuracy, although the effectiveness of different prompts depends on RI and varies by gender: at a short RI, the choice of prompts has little systematic effect on accuracy, whereas at a long RI, reverse prompts may elicit the most accurate recalls.
Gastric histology, serological markers and age as predictors of gastric acid secretion in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori

Background: Acid secretion is intimately associated with most upper gastrointestinal diseases. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major environmental factor modifying acid secretion. Aim: To study the association between the pattern of H pylori gastritis and gastric secretory function in a large number of subjects without specific upper gastrointestinal disease. Methods and materials: Maximal acid output (MAO) was measured in 255 patients with dyspepsia showing normal endoscopy. Activity and severity of gastritis, atrophy and H pylori infection were assessed in body and antral biopsies. The correlations of histological parameters as well as age, sex, height, weight, smoking, serum gastrin, pepsinogen I and II, and their ratio with MAO were determined. Multiple linear regression was used to show the best possible predictors of MAO. Results: Negative relationships: Body atrophy and body-combined (active and chronic) inflammatory scores showed a potent inverse correlation with MAO (correlation coefficients (CC) 0.59 and 0.50, respectively). Body:antral chronic gastritis ratio and body:antral combined inflammation ratio (both with CC = 0.49) and age (CC = 0.44) were also inversely correlated with MAO. Intestinal metaplasia at both antral and body sites had negative relationships with acid output with CC = 0.23 and 0.20, respectively. Positive relationships: Serum pepsinogen I, body H pylori density:combined inflammation ratio and pepsinogen I:II ratio with CC of 0.38, 0.38 and 0.30, respectively, correlated with MAO. The H pylori density: combined inflammation of both antrum and body positively correlated with MAO (CC = 0.29 and 0.38, respectively). Male sex and patient height also positively correlated with acid output. Modelling showed that body combined inflammatory score, body atrophy, age and serum pepsinogen I are independent predictors of acid output (R2 = 0.62). Conclusion: Combination of body gastritis, body atrophy, age and serum pepsinogen I can be used as predictors of acid-secretory state in populations infected with H pylori.
Using GA for the stratified sampling of electricity consumers

Non-technical energy losses mostly arise from illegal use of energy and force energy distribution companies to inspect large batches of clients in order to make decisions on actions for reducing these losses. Since an exhaustive inspection is impractical due to the high inspection cost and the very large number of clients, a carefully designed sampling procedure is needed. A useful strategy is offered by stratified sampling based on a division of the clients into homogeneous subgroups (strata). In this work we formulate the stratification task as a non-linear restricted optimization problem, in which the variance of overall energy loss due to the fraudulent activities is minimized. Solving this problem analytically is difficult and an exhaustive algorithm is intractable even for small problem instances. Therefore, we propose a Genetic Algorithm for finding practical solutions for the problem. Numerical experiments and a comparison with Simulated Annealing algorithm and a proportional allocation scheme are presented.
Traumatic brain injury and the post-concussion syndrome: A diffusion tensor tractography study

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) as a tool for detecting diffuse axonal injury in patients of acute, mild, and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), using two diffusion variables: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). The correlation of these indices with the severity of post-concussive symptoms was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients with acute, mild, or moderate TBI and twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Following Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on a 3.0-T scanner, DTT was performed using the 'fiber assignment by continuous tracking' (FACT) algorithm for fiber reconstruction. Appropriate statistical tools were used to see the difference in FA and MD values between the control and patient groups. In the latter group, the severity of post-concussive symptoms was assessed six months following trauma, using the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ). Results: The patients displayed significant reduction in FA compared to the controls (P < 0.05) in several tracts, notably the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral uncinate fasciculus, and bilateral superior thalamic radiations. Changes in MD were statistically significant in the left uncinate, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and left posterior thalamic radiation. A strong correlation between these indices and the RPSQ scores was observed in several white matter tracts. Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based quantitative analysis in acute, mild, and moderate TBI can identify axonal injury neuropathology, over and above that visualized on conventional MRI scans. Furthermore, the significant correlation observed between FA and MD indices and the severity of post-concussive symptoms could make it a useful predictor of the long-term outcome.
The Validity of Temperature-Sensitive Ingestible Capsules for Measuring Core Body Temperature in Laboratory Protocols

The human core body temperature (CBT) rhythm is tightly coupled to an endogenous circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus. The standard method for assessing the status of this pacemaker is by continuous sampling of CBT using rectal thermometry. This research sought to validate the use of ingestible, temperature-sensitive capsules to measure CBT as an alternative to rectal thermometry. Participants were 11 young adult males who had volunteered to complete a laboratory protocol that extended across 12 consecutive days. A total of 87 functional capsules were ingested and eliminated by participants during the laboratory internment. Core body temperature samples were collected in 1-min epochs and compared to paired samples collected concurrently via rectal thermistors. Agreement between samples that were collected using ingestible sensors and rectal thermistors was assessed using the gold-standard limits of agreement method. Across all valid paired samples collected during the study (n = 120,126), the mean difference was 0.06°C, whereas the 95% CI (confidence interval) for differences was less than ±0.35°C. Despite the overall acceptable limits of agreement, systematic measurement bias was noted across the initial 5 h of sensor-transit periods and attributed to temperature gradations across the alimentary canal. (Author correspondence: david.darwent@unisa.edu.au)
Singularity Evaluation of the Straight-Wire Mixed-Potential Integral Equation in the Method of Moments Procedure

A rigorous treatment on the computation of the various integrals that arise in the method of moments (MoM) formulation of the straight-wire electric field integral equation is provided. For triangle basis functions along with delta function, pulse or triangle weights, particular attention is given to integrals whose integrands are weakly singular. A singularity extraction technique is employed that splits the integral under question into two parts: one that is numerically integrable and one that is analytically integrable. Closed-form approximations based on Taylor series techniques are also provided for the former. These approximations are very robust resulting in errors less than 0.1% when 2α/δ <; 1 ; here δ is the length of a single MoM segment and α is the wire radius. Results are compared with data from the literature to demonstrate the robustness of the presented approach for fat wires.
Fig‐eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review

The consumption of figs (the fruit of Ficus spp.; Moraceae) by vertebrates is reviewed using data from the literature, unpublished accounts and new field data from Borneo and Hong Kong. Records of frugivory from over 75 countries are presented for 260 Ficus species (approximately 30% of described species). Explanations are presented for geographical and taxonomic gaps in the otherwise extensive literature. In addition to a small number of reptiles and fishes, 1274 bird and mammal species in 523 genera and 92 families are known to eat figs. In terms of the number of species and genera of fig‐eaters and the number of fig species eaten we identify the avian families interacting most with Ficus to be Columbidae, Psittacidae, Pycnonotidae, Bucerotidae, Sturnidae and Lybiidae. Among mammals, the major fig‐eating families are Pteropodidae, Cercopithecidae, Sciuridae, Phyllostomidae and Cebidae. We assess the role these and other frugivores play in Ficus seed dispersal and identify fig‐specialists. In most, but not all, cases fig specialists provide effective seed dispersal services to the Ficus species on which they feed. The diversity of fig‐eaters is explained with respect to fig design and nutrient content, phenology of fig ripening and the diversity of fig presentation. Whilst at a gross level there exists considerable overlap between birds, arboreal mammals and fruit bats with regard to the fig species they consume, closer analysis, based on evidence from across the tropics, suggests that discrete guilds of Ficus species differentially attract subsets of sympatric frugivore communities. This dispersal guild structure is determined by interspecific differences in fig design and presentation. Throughout our examination of the fig‐frugivore interaction we consider phylogenetic factors and make comparisons between large‐scale biogeographical regions. Our dataset supports previous claims that Ficus is the most important plant genus for tropical frugivores. We explore the concept of figs as keystone resources and suggest criteria for future investigations of their dietary importance. Finally, fully referenced lists of frugivores recorded at each Ficus species and of Ficus species in the diet of each frugivore are presented as online appendices. In situations where ecological information is incomplete or its retrieval is impractical, this valuable resource will assist conservationists in evaluating the role of figs or their frugivores in tropical forest sites.
Transcatheter intracavitary fibrinolysis of infected extravascular hematomas.

Transcatheter thrombolysis of embohic and thrombotic vascular occlusion has been successfully used in the past several years in a wide variety of applications [1 -3]. Both streptokinase and urokinase are effective in this regard, although urokinase has recently become the agent of choice in many centers, including our own. Fibrinolytic agents have also been used successfully outside the vascular system (in the pleural space) for treatment of hemothorax and empyema [4-8]. This therapy was used primarily in the 1 950s, although there have been sporadic reports of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy in the recent literature [9-1 1 J. There is, however, little reference to this body of work in the radiologic literature and we are not aware of the application of fibrinolytic therapy to infected hematomas in the abdomen. We report here the successful use of transcatheter fibrinolysis in the treatment of infected intraabdominal postsurgical hematomas in two patients.
A single 4 mg dose of nicotine decreases heart rate variability in healthy nonsmokers: implications for smoking cessation programs.

INTRODUCTION The vast majority of work on the physiological effects of nicotine in humans has been done in smokers or smokers trying to quit. Such studies can be confounded by tolerance, desensitization of receptors, or withdrawal. Because of these difficulties, there is still some dispute as to whether nicotine is proparasympathetic or prosympathetic in humans. To circumvent these difficulties, we assessed the effect of nicotine on autonomic function by measuring changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in nicotine-naive healthy subjects. METHODS Twenty males and 20 females aged between 18 and 25 years received 4 mg oral nicotine lozenge or placebo. HRV was assessed in 15-min periods before, during, and after ingestion. RESULTS There were no significant changes in any measure after placebo administration. During and after nicotine ingestion, heart rate increased to 78 ± 2 beats per minute (bpm) from a baseline level of 75 ± 2 bpm (p < .01). Nicotine significantly increased low frequency (LF; normalized units) from 66 ± 2 at baseline to 70 ± 2 at 15-30 min postingestion (p < .01) and decreased high frequency (HF; normalized units) from 28 ± 2 to 24 ± 1 (p < .01). LF/HF ratio was therefore substantially increased from 2.9 ± 0.3 to 3.7 ± 0.3 (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS A single dose of 4 mg oral nicotine produces a significant reduction in HRV (i.e., a proportional decrease in high-frequency variability) in healthy young nonsmokers consistent with a reduced vagal activity. This has implications for nicotine replacement treatments aimed at cessation of smoking.
Microtubule target for new antileishmanial drugs based on ethyl 3-haloacetamidobenzoates

A new family of antimicrotubule drugs named (3-haloacetamidobenzoyl) ureas and ethyl 3-haloacetamidobenzoates were found to be cytotoxic to the Leishmania parasite protozoa. While the benzoylureas were shown to strongly inhibit in vitro mammalian brain microtubule assembly, the ethyl ester derivatives were characterized as very poor inhibitors of this process. Ethyl 3-chloroacetamidobenzoate, MF29, was found to be the most efficient drug on the promastigote stage of three Leishmania species (IC50: 0.3–1.8 μM). MF29 maintained its activity against the clinical relevant intracellular stage of L. mexicana with IC50 value of 0.33 μM. It was the only compound that exhibits a high activity on all the Leishmania species tested. This compound appeared to alter parasite microtubule organisation as demonstrated by using antibodies directed against microtubule components and more precisely the class of microtubule decorated by the MAP2-like protein. It is interesting to notice that this MAP2-like protein was identified for the first time in a Leishmania parasite
Stress, Cortisol, and Periodontitis in a Population Aged 50 Years and Over

Periodontitis and its relationship with psycho-neuro-immunological variables, such as psychological stress and cortisol, have been little explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent and severity of chronic periodontitis and its association with the levels of salivary cortisol and the scores obtained with a stress questionnaire in a population aged 50 years and over. We studied 235 individuals in a cross-sectional study. They answered the Lipp’s Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults, were instructed to collect three saliva samples for cortisol analysis, and were examined for evaluation for periodontitis. Based on logistic regression, cortisol levels were positively associated with the following outcomes: means of clinical attachment level (CAL) > = 4 mm [OR = 5.1, 95%CI (1.2, 20.7)]; 30% of sites with CAL > = 5 mm [OR = 6.9, 95%CI (1.7, 27.1)]; and 26% of sites with probing depth > = 4 mm [OR = 10.7, 95%CI (1.9, 54.1)] after adjustment for confounding variables. The results suggest that cortisol levels were positively associated with the extent and severity of periodontitis.
Ovariectomy enhances renal cortical expression and function of cyclooxygenase-2.

BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are used as analgesics in postmenopausal women, who develop edema and require a salt-restricted diet. This study was performed to determine the renal expression of COX-2 and on COX-2-dependent regulation of renal blood flow (RBF) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated rats fed a normal-salt diet (Sh+NS) or a low-salt diet (Sh+LS), and bilaterally ovariectomized rats fed a normal-salt diet (Ox+NS) or a low-salt diet (Ox+LS) (N= 6 in each group). Estrogen replacement therapy was performed on other ovariectomized rats. A renal clearance study was performed in anesthetized animals. RESULTS Ovariectomy increased renal cortical COX-2 expression independently of dietary salt intake (Sh+NS <Ox+N; Sh+LS <Ox+LS). Inhibition of COX-2 by NS398 reduced the urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha in all 4 groups, although the reduction was greater in the Ox+LS group than in the Ox+NS and Sh+LS groups, which in turn had a greater reduction than the Sh+NS group. RBF significantly decreased in every group except the Sh+NS group, but no effect on blood pressure, inulin clearance, or urinary sodium excretion was seen. The decrease in RBF was significantly greater in the Ox+LS group than in the Sh+LS and Ox+NS group. The decrease in RBF was dependent on cortical RBF in the Sh+LS and Ox+NS groups, and on both cortical and medullary RBF in the Ox+LS group. Estrogen replacement therapy reversed the ovariectomy-induced changes. CONCLUSION Estrogen-dependent COX-2 expression plays an important role in the RBF regulation in female rats.
Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review

Abstract Background: Occupational therapy has culture as a relevant phenomenon of interest. Culture appears increasingly often in occupational therapy research, from diverse approaches and foci. As culture is difficult to define, and has political and ethical implications, an investigation into its usage is warranted. Aim: To identify and describe how culture as a broad phenomenon is expressed in OT research published between 2006 and 2011, regarding knowledge development in the discipline and its impact on practice. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out, using an integrative literature review. Thirty-nine studies in English were included. Results: From the analysis, two dimensions concerning expressions of culture emerged: “culture is alive” and “occupational therapy as a culture”. Aside from these dimensions, a group of forces that have an impact on these dimensions is described. Conclusions: In its understanding of expressions of culture, occupational therapy stands at a crossroads between traditional and critical approaches. A lack of critical insight into professional knowledge increases the risk that occupational therapy will remain satisfied with the current understanding of culture, based on the dominant knowledge. The discipline could fail to address the political, ethical, and theoretical issues required to reach the targeted diversity in its practice.
Complications Associated With Care Product Use During Silicone Daily Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lens

Increased use of silicone hydrogel contact lenses for daily wear has necessitated a parallel rise in the use of multipurpose care solutions (MPS). This in turn has been accompanied by substantially more reports of solution related complications, in particular corneal staining and low grade infiltrates. Management of these problems involves reducing the impact of care system components on the ocular surface. Options for achieving this include use of low impact lens/MPS combinations, daily disposable lenses or hydrogen peroxide based disinfection systems.
Potencial de captura de carbono por la palma de aceite en Colombia

La palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) en Colombia, a diferencia de otros paises donde predomina el bosque tropical, se siembra principalmente en areas previamente dominadas por sabana y bosque tropical pero que ya han sido utilizadas para otros cultivos. La importancia de la preservacion de los ecosistemas naturales, su cambio de uso y la consecuente perdida de la biodiversidad, mas el incremento del carbono en la atmosfera como resultado del cambio de uso, en especial con el cultivo de la palma de aceite, esta siendo continuamente debatida por la comunidad cientifica. Existe por lo tanto la necesidad de establecer patrones de comparacion vis a vis antes, ahora y despues de la palma, para evaluar el impacto potencial del cultivo de la palma en la economia, y las opciones para mitigar y/o adaptarse al cambio climatico. En este informe se analiza el potencial de captura de carbono por la palma, los cambios en los reservorios de carbono al cambiar el uso del suelo y las posibles estrategias para maximizar el impacto de los beneficios logrados con este cultivo.