Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aberrant E-cadherin, β-catenin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in canine choroid plexus tumors

Expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin has been widely studied in various human and canine epithelial tumors and has been correlated with dedifferentiation, invasiveness, and metastasis. Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are of epithelial origin, and the most important prognostic factor in human medicine is the tumor grade. Limited information is available regarding E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in human CPTs, and no information is found in the veterinary literature. In the current study, 42 canine CPTs (19 choroid plexus papillomas and 23 choroid plexus carcinomas) were retrospectively reviewed, and the intensity and cellular staining pattern of E-cadherin and β-catenin were correlated with histological features, paying special attention to grade, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies were evaluated as markers for canine CPTs. It was found that loss of E-cadherin and β-catenin expression was uncommon in canine CPTs. Rather, membranous expression of both molecules was increased in CPTs compared to normal choroid plexus (NCP), regardless of tumor grade. Additionally, aberrant cytoplasmic or nuclear expression of both E-cadherin and β-catenin was often observed in CPTs. GFAP was frequently expressed in CPTs in contrast to NCP. None of these parameters were correlated with malignancy, and therefore, do not appear to be useful for prognostic information. Nevertheless, a panel of antibodies including E-cadherin and GFAP might be useful to support the diagnosis of CPTs and help to differentiate them from other tumors, such as ependymomas and metastatic epithelial tumors.
Study of bone-like hydroxyapatite/polyamino acid composite materials for their biological properties and effects on the reconstruction of long bone defects

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone-like hydroxyapatite/polyamino acid (BHA/PAA) in the osteogenesis and reconstruction of long segmental bone defects. Methods In vitro, MG63 cells were cultured with BHA/PAA. The osteoinductive activity of the BHA/PAA material was evaluated using inverted microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, MTT proliferation assay, and the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ content. In vivo, the radial bone defect was made in 20 New Zealand White rabbits, and then these animal were randomly divided into two groups (n=10), the experimental group (with BHA/PAA) and the control group (without BHA/PAA). Postoperatively, the osteogenesis effect of BHA/PAA was evaluated through X-ray, hematoxylin–eosin staining, observation of the gross bone specimen, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescent confocal scanning microscopy. Results In vitro, BHA/PAA promoted the adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of MG63 cells, and it had good osteogenesis activity. In vivo, with BHA/PAA material degradation and absorption, the new bone gradually formed, and the bone defect gradually recovered in the experimental group. In the control group, a limited bone formation was found at the bone broken ends, and the bone defect was obviously visible. Conclusion In vitro and in vivo, we confirmed that BHA/PAA was effective in inducing osteogenesis and reconstructing a long segmental bone defect.
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and lopinavir concentrations following lopinavir/ritonavir regimen

Our objective was to study the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral load as part of an antiretroviral combination treatment for HIV-1 infected individuals, and to determine the steady-state concentrations of lopinavir in CSF in relationship to plasma concentrations. Paired CSF and plasma samples from 12 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 infected patients starting combination therapy containing lopinavir/ritonavir were collected at baseline, and during treatment at a first follow-up at median 3.0 months (range 2.6–6.0 months), and at a second follow-up at median 12.1 months (range 6.0–16.5 months). Levels of HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count, β2-microglobulin, neopterin, and lopinavir concentration were analysed. In addition, CSF and plasma lopinavir concentrations in 4 patients already on combination therapy including lopinavir/ritonavir were analysed. Nine of 11 patients had undetectable viral load in CSF and 5/11 in plasma at the first follow-up. At the second follow-up 7/7 had undetectable viral load in CSF and 9/9 in plasma. Intrathecal immunoactivation, measured by neopterin and β2-microglobulin, decreased significantly both in CSF and serum. The total CSF concentrations of lopinavir were of the same order of magnitude as the unbound concentrations in plasma. Lopinavir mean (±SD) concentrations were 42.1 (±31.5) nM in CSF and 52.7 (±25.2) nM unbound in plasma. We found that antiretroviral combination therapy including lopinavir/ritonavir substantially decreases the viral load, both in CSF and plasma, as well as the intrathecal immunoactivation, measured by β2-microglobulin and neopterin. CSF concentrations of lopinavir were low, but probably sufficient to have a virological effect.
Distinct Kinematic Markers of Demonstration and Joint Action Coordination? Evidence From Virtual Xylophone Playing

When performing joint actions, people modulate instrumental actions to provide additional information for a coactor (Pezzulo, Donnarumma, & Dindo, 2013). Similarly, demonstrators adjust instrumental actions to make them more informative for novice learners (Brand, Baldwin, & Ashburn, 2002). It is unknown whether the kinematic modulations performed to facilitate prediction in joint action coordination and the modulations performed to transmit information about the structure of novel actions are unique, or whether a general type of modulation can take on multiple functions. The present study therefore investigated whether there are unique kinematic markers for demonstration and for different types of joint action. In three experiments participants performed a virtual xylophone task, where they played simple xylophone melodies either alone, for a learner watching them, or together with another participant, while their movements were recorded. Participants increased movement amplitude during joint action and during demonstration. However, during joint action, participants modulated specific velocity parameters depending on whether their joint action partner knew or did not know the action sequence to be performed. The results demonstrate that there are specific kinematic cues to communicate the time and location of upcoming actions to a joint action partner but that there are no unique kinematic cues expressing the “pedagogical” intentions of a demonstrator.
Phase-resolved analysis of discharges in air, liquid and solid insulating materials

This paper describes the experimental results on the discharges in air, liquid and solid insulating materials. The electrode used for producing discharges was needle plane system. Under AC voltage discharges in air in the form of corona was developed. Discharge in liquid insulating material was produced in silicone oil with viscosity of 1000 cs. The discharge associated with the streamer in the oil. For solid insulating material, discharge associated with electrical treeing was investigated in low density polyethylene (LDPE). The discharges were measured using a personal-based discharge measurement system which able to measure the magnitude, frequency and the phase of discharge occurrence. The phase-resolved analysis of the discharges revealed that for corona, discharges were concentrated around the peak of applied voltage at negative half cycle. For silicone oil similar results were obtained while for electrical treeing in LDPE, the discharges were spread before the zero cross of the applied voltage up to the peak at both positive and negative half cycles. The discharge magnitude for all sources seemly strongly depends on the instantaneous of the applied voltage. The phase-resolved analysis indicated that for corona only several discharges took place in every half cycle which is concentrated around the peak of applied voltage. This similar trend was observed for discharges in oil. This indicated that the PD occurrence in air and oil are strongly affected by the applied voltage. However, for electrical treeing it was observed that the discharge occurrence was strongly affected by the time derivative of the applied voltage (dv/dt). This was clarified under triangular and rectangular voltages application
The Retirement-Consumption Puzzle : New Evidence on Individual Spending and Financial Structure

In this paper, we use an accurate panel of individual spending, income, and financial account balances to learn more about expenditure and household financial structure changes around retirement. The longitudinal nature of our data allows us to estimate individual fixed-effects regressions and thereby control for all selection on time-invariant (un)observables. Upon retirement, individuals spend less on ready-made food, fuel, and clothes and more in pharmacies, which is consistent with reductions in work-related expenses and increases in health spending. However, individuals also spend less on other consumption categories, such as sports and activities and fine dining. Furthermore, we are in a unique position to document the effect of retirement on credit-card, checking, and savings account balances: we find that individuals delever by reducing consumer debt and increasing liquid savings. These findings cannot be rationalized via work-related expenses. Any rational agent would save before retirement, the expected fall in income, and dissave after retirement rather than the exact opposite. JEL classifications: D12, D14, E21, J26, J32 ∗Department of Finance, Copenhagen Business School. ao.fi@cbs.dk †Division of Economics and Finance, Columbia Business School, NBER, & CEPR. mpagel@columbia.edu We are grateful for the financial financial support from the Pension Research Center (PeRCent) at Copenhagen Business School and thank Andrew Caplin, Rachel Kranton, Jawad Addoum, Matthew Rabin, Botond Koszegi, Steve Zeldes, Emi Nakamura, Jon Zinman, and Emir Kamenica as well as seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, University of Queensland, PerCent 2017 conference, and ECWFC at the WFA 2017 for a range of insightful comments. We are indebted to Ágúst Schweitz Eriksson and Meniga for providing the Icelandic data and Steffen Meyer for replicating our results in German bank account data. We also thank Belinda Chen for excellent research assistance.
Speech Perception with Steeply Sloping Hearing Loss: Effects of Frequency Transposition

Abstract Six adults with a very steeply sloping high-frequency hearing loss listened to monosyllabic words in several conditions. In the first condition, their ability to identify phonemes with a signal-to-noise ratio of 6 dB was measured. Results were similar to those of normally hearing subjects listening to the same material through low-pass filters having comparable cut-off frequencies. In the remaining two conditions, four of the hearing-impaired subjects, and a control group of five normally hearing subjects, listened to speech in quiet with and without frequency transposition. The transposition lowered all speech frequencies by a factor of 0.6. Specific auditory training with transposed speech materials different from the materials used in the tests of speech perception was provided in 10 sessions, each of one hour's duration, which were scheduled at weekly intervals. Despite this training, no significant differences were found between the two conditions in these subjects' recognition of words. It is concluded that such a frequency-transposition scheme, if implemented in a wearable hearing aid, would be unlikely to benefit people with a sloping hearing impairment of this type.
Current concepts in the evaluation of vascular disease: magnetic resonance and computed tomographic angiography.

Noncardiac arterial vascular disease is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Conditions such as cerebral ischemia, renal vascular hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism require prompt and accurate diagnosis necessitating precise anatomic vascular characterization. Historically, contrast angiography has been the principal method of evaluation of arterial disease, although over the last 15 years there has been a rapid proliferation of less invasive techniques that can be applied to screening patients who are at risk. Duplex sonography has been shown to be quite effective in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease affecting the extremities and the cervical carotid arteries. Its role as a comprehensive vascular screening tool is limited because of its inability to display the entire vascular system (e.g., it cannot display the thoracic, intracranial, and crural vessels). The evolution of computed tomography from a device that required over 2 minutes to create a single poor-resolution image slice to one in which multiple slices can be obtained in less than 1 second and images displayed in a variety of presentations (multiplanar and 3-D) has propelled that technique into the forefront in the diagnosis of arterial vascular disease. Similarly, magnetic resonance imaging has become a powerful noninvasive tool to define occlusive and dilating conditions that affect the vasculature. Stronger, faster magnetic gradients, creative radiofrequency pulsing maneuvers, and faster computing techniques have contributed to this success. The intent of this article is to update the reader on the current status of magnetic resonance and computed tomographic techniques in the evaluation of a variety of vascular disorders and to provide clinical examples from our institution.
Fast-track coronary artery bypass grafting surgery under general anesthesia with remifentanil and spinal analgesia with morphine and clonidine.

OBJECTIVE Effective postoperative analgesia is a critical part of fast-track cardiac surgery. This study compared the postoperative analgesic effect of fast-track anesthesia with remifentanil and spinal morphine and clonidine with that of sufentanil anesthesia followed by patient-controlled administration of intravenous morphine. DESIGN Prospective, blinded, randomized study. SETTING Single private institution. PARTICIPANTS Forty patients selected for coronary artery bypass graft surgery allocated randomly into 2 groups. INTERVENTIONS General anesthesia was performed with etomidate, isoflurane, cisatracurium, and either remifentanil (0.10-0.25 microg/kg/min) or sufentanil (up to 3.5 microg/kg). In the remifentanil group, patients received spinal morphine (4 microg/kg) and clonidine (1 microg/kg) before induction. Postoperatively, patients in both groups were connected to an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine pump that delivered a 1-g bolus with a 7-minute lockout interval. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were evaluated for pain on a visual analog scale (VAS), at rest and on deep breathing, and for intravenous PCA morphine consumption during 24 hours. The intravenous PCA morphine 24-hour cumulative dose was lower in the fast-track than in the control group (15.8+/-12.6 v 32.7+/-22.3 mg, p<0.05). Before extubation, VAS scores were higher in the fast-track group, but after they were lower both at rest and during deep breathing. Extubation delay was shorter in the fast-track group (156.5+/-46.1 v 272+/-116.4 minutes, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of anesthesia with remifentanil and spinal analgesia with morphine and clonidine produces effective analgesia after coronary artery surgery and a rapid extubation time.
THE EFFECT OF HEROIN ADDICTION ON PITUITARY‐TESTICULAR FUNCTION

The effect of heroin addiction on pituitary‐testicular function was studied in 54 active and 19 abstinent addicts and their results were compared with those of 43 age‐matched controls. Abnormal sexual function was frequently found in heroin addicts and this persisted after drug withdrawal. The mean total (mean ± SE, 18.1 ± 1.0 nmol/l) and free (0.17 ± 0.03 nmol/l) testosterone (T) levels in heroin addicts were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (total T 22.8 ± 1.1 nmol/l, P < 0.005; free T 0.30 ± 0.03 nmol/l, P < 0.005). The mean sex hormone binding globulin binding capacity was higher in heroin addicts (60.1 ± 5.2 nM) than in healthy controls (35.5 ± 2.1 nM). These hormonal changes returned promptly to normal after withdrawal. The basal LH and FSH and the responses to LHRH were comparable in the three groups studied.
A framework for evaluating multimodal music mood classification

This research proposes a framework for music mood classification that uses multiple and complementary information sources, namely, music audio, lyric text, and social tags associated with music pieces. This article presents the framework and a thorough evaluation of each of its components. Experimental results on a large data set of 18 mood categories show that combining lyrics and audio significantly outperformed systems using audio‐only features. Automatic feature selection techniques were further proved to have reduced feature space. In addition, the examination of learning curves shows that the hybrid systems using lyrics and audio needed fewer training samples and shorter audio clips to achieve the same or better classification accuracies than systems using lyrics or audio singularly. Last but not least, performance comparisons reveal the relative importance of audio and lyric features across mood categories.
Clear evidence for the early triggering of a luminous quasar-like active galactic nuclei in a major, gas-rich merger

We present deep, intermediate resolution, long-slit Gemini GMOS-S optical spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) type II quasar J002531−104022, which is a highly disturbed system currently undergoing a major merger event. We use these data to model the ages and reddenings of the stellar populations in three distinct spatial regions and find a remarkable uniformity in the properties of the young stellar populations (YSPs) that dominate the optical spectra. The YSPs are all found to have relatively young ages (tysp < 40 Myr), strongly implying that the latest episode of star formation and quasar activity have been triggered quasi-simultaneously. The lack of reddening deduced from both continuum modelling and the measured Balmer decrements (E(B − V) < 0.3) suggests that starburst and/or active galactic nuclei-induced outflows have already effectively removed a substantial proportion of the gas and dust from the central region. These findings starkly contrast with model predictions which suggest an offset of a few 100 Myr between the peak of merger-induced star formation and the emergence of the optically visible quasar activity. Based on our stellar population fits, we also show that the total stellar mass is in the range (4–17) × 1010 M, lower than typically found for quasar host galaxies.
COMPOSICIÓN NUTRICIONAL DE ESPECIES DE VERTEDEROS SELLADOS CON SUELOS ÁCIDOS PASTADOS POR OVINOS

Al Proyecto CTM 2008-04827/TECNO del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion y al Programa P2009/AMB-1478 de la Comunidad de Madrid (EIADES). MaJGG es financiada por la beca FPU del Ministerio de Educacion (AP2008-02934).
Interference Effects in a Numerical Stroop Paradigm in 9- to 12-year-old Children with ADHD-C

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by deficient self-regulation, poor attentional control, and poor response inhibition. To date, however, the extent to which these deficits affect basic interference control remains a matter of controversy. Secondly, ADHD has been reported to be associated with arithmetic deficits. It remains unclear whether such deficits are a secondary consequence of the above-mentioned characteristics of ADHD or whether basic numerical magnitude representations are also affected. In the present study we attempted to investigate these issues using a basic numerical interference paradigm. Nine- to twelve-year-old children with ADHD-C (attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder combined type) and control children without ADHD (each n = 16) were presented with two digits of possibly different physical sizes (e.g., 3 7). This numerical Stroop task requires subjects to make a magnitude classification concerning either the physical or the numerical stimulus dimension. The irrelevant dimension can be congruent (same response), incongruent (different response), or neutral (no response association). Children with ADHD-C performed worse than control children in most analyses. The most important finding was a significant interaction of congruity effects with group in the numerical comparison task. Children with ADHD-C tended to show larger congruity and interference effects than controls, and these were not attributable to a speed-accuracy trade-off. The results might reflect differential processing speeds, or a different degree of automatic activation of physical and numerical magnitudes in children with and without ADHD-C. Alternative explanations, such as insufficient inhibition of selective (domain-specific) attention are also discussed. The order of authorship is alphabetical, as the authors contributed equally to the study. We wish to thank the participating children, their parents, and their schools for contributing to this project. We are also grateful to Susanna Bloder and Maria Hoellwarth for data collection, and Elise Klein and Katharina Dressel for checking the references. In particular, we wish to thank Stuart Fellows for checking English style and grammar. This research was supported by funding of the European Community (Neuromath: HPRN-CT-2000-00076 and RTN NUMBRA proposal 504927), by grants of the RWTH Aachen (IZKF “BioMAT.”; VV N50, 51, 69c; START AZ 160/05) and the German Research Society (DFG: KFO110/TP2) supporting the research of Hans-Christoph Nuerk.
Transcription Factors in Islet Development and Physiology: Role of PDX‐1 in Beta‐Cell Function

Abstract: Differentiation of early foregut endoderm into pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells depends on a cascade of gene activation events controlled by various transcription factors. The first molecular marker identified that specifies the early pancreatic epithelium is the homeodomain‐containing transcription factor PDX‐1. Its absence in mice and humans during development leads to agenesis of the pancreas. Later, it becomes restricted primarily to β cells where it regulates the expression of β cell‐specific genes, and, most importantly, mediates the glucose effect on insulin gene transcription. Although exposure of β cells to high glucose concentrations for relatively short periods stimulates insulin gene expression, chronic exposure has adverse effects on many β‐cell functions, including insulin gene transcription. These events appear to correlate with pdx‐1 gene expression and its ability to bind the insulin gene. We consider that loss of PDX‐1 function or altered pdx‐1 gene expression due to mutations or functional impairment of transcription factors controlling its expression can lead to diabetes.