Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRESS STATE AND ITS EFFECT ON TASK PERFORMANCE , JOB INVOLVEMENT , AND JOB SATISFACTION

The present study was conducted on the sample of 50 workers employed in open cast mines of BCCL, Dhanbad (INDIA). The ultimate aim of the present study was to assess the stressstate and its effect on task performance, job involvement and job satisfaction of workers employed in stress arousing job situations i.e., open cast mines. The following variables were used in the present study: (1) Predictor Variables: Stress states such as mood state (energetic arousal, tense arousal, Hedonic tone and anger/ frustration), motivation, workload, thinking style (self focused attention, self esteem, concentration and control and confidence) and thinking contents (task relevant interference and task irrelevant interference), (2) Criterion Variables: Task Performance (Digit span task and Stroop colour task), Job Involvement (intrinsic motivation, attachment for work, fulfilment of organizational demand, commitment for work, internalization of organizational goals, organizational identification) and job satisfaction (job area and management area); and (3) Moderator Variables: Personality (Extraversion, Psychoticism and Neuroticism). The results reveal that there is significant difference in pre and post task stress level in motivation, thinking style (self esteem) and thinking contents (task relevant interference). The correlation analysis reveals that Extraversion and Neuroticism dimensions are the major moderator variables. The correlation analysis further reveals significant correlations between stressstate variable and job involvement and job satisfaction. The regression analysis shows that following dimensions and sub dimensions (mood state: energetic arousal, thinking style: concentration and thinking contents: task relevant interference and task irrelevant interference) of stress states have emerged as important predictors of task performance.
The Beginning of the rpoB Gene in Addition to the Rifampin Resistance Determination Region Might Be Needed for Identifying Rifampin/Rifabutin Cross-Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Southern China

ABSTRACT We aimed to study the distribution and contribution of mutations in the rpoB whole gene in rifampin-resistant/rifabutin-resistant (RIFr/Rfbr) (or RIF/Rfb cross-resistant) clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. One standard M. tuberculosis strain (H37Rv) and 392 other clinical M. tuberculosis isolates mainly from Guangdong Province of China whose susceptibilities to rifampin (RIF), rifabutin (Rfb), streptomycin (SM), ethambutol (EMB), and isoniazid (INH) were previously determined were subjected to DNA sequencing of their rpoB whole genes. H37Rv and the 30 drug-susceptible clinical isolates had no mutations in rpoB whole genes. In 43 rifampin-resistant/rifabutin-susceptible (RIFr/Rfbs) isolates, the most frequent mutation codons were 516 (62.80%), 526 (14.0%), and 533 (6.98%), but codon 531 had no mutation. Twenty-one of the 43 isolates (48.84%) had single mutations of H526L, H526S, D516V, D516Y, and D516F. In 319 RIFr/Rfbr isolates, the most frequent mutation codons were 531 (73.7%) and 526 (18.8%); the mutation frequency for codon 516 was 2.5%, and that for codon 533 was only 0.31%. A total of 82.8% (264/319) of them had single mutations of S531L, S531W, H526D, H526Y, H526R, Q513K, Q513P, Q510H, V176F, P206TR, Y314TC, and H323TY (the superscript T indicates M. tuberculosis numbering; the remaining codons use the E. coli numbering), among which V176F, P206TR, Y314TC, and H323TY were located in the beginning of rpoB, and all of them were present in 1.9% (6/319) of RIFr/Rfbr isolates. The multiple mutations in RIFr/Rfbr isolates and in RIFr/Rfbs isolates were also different from each other either in mutation positions or in types of mutation combinations. In conclusion, the mutations of rpoB in RIF-R/Rfbs and in RIF-R/Rfb-R isolates differ significantly from each other not only in the most frequent mutation codons (516, 531, and 533) but also in the most frequent single mutations (S531L, H526L, D516V, D516Y, and D516F), and the beginning of rpoB may confer a RIF/Rfb cross-resistance phenotype in M. tuberculosis. Molecular assays for identifying RIF/Rfb cross-resistance in M. tuberculosis might be improved in terms of accuracy by including this region, in addition to the rifampin resistance determination region.
Importance of the Lipid Layer in Human Tear Film Stability and Evaporation

Purpose. Previous work on rabbits has demonstrated a four-fold increase in tear evaporation when the tear lipid layer is removed. However, in vitro work has suggested that the lipid layer does not play a role in retarding evaporation of the aqueous layer. The importance of the lipid layer in human tear film stability and evaporation was determined in the current study by measurement of these parameters in the same individuals. Methods. The left eyes of 161 normal and dry eye subjects (72 males, 89 females), with an age range of 13 to 85 years, were examined. Tear evaporation was derived from the vapor pressure gradient measured with a modified Servomed evaporimeter. Lipid layer structure and noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) were assessed clinically, by specular reflection, with the Keeler Tearscope. Lipid layer structure was categorized into marmoreal (open and closed meshwork), flow, amorphous, and colored fringe (normal and abnormal) patterns. These observed patterns reflect lipid layer thickness. Ambient temperature and relative humidity remained fairly constant throughout the experiment. Results. Tear evaporation rate was found to vary significantly with different lipid layer patterns. Eyes with no visible lipid layer, or exhibiting an abnormal colored fringe pattern (with clumping of lipid amidst areas of little or no lipid cover), demonstrated a significantly higher rate of evaporation of the tear film (p<0.001). There were no significant differences amongst the remainder of the patterns. The NIBUT was also found to vary significantly with lipid layer pattern (p<0.001), with the absent or abnormal colored fringe lipid patterns exhibiting the poorest stability. Conclusions. Where the human lipid layer is absent, or is not confluent, and the tear film is unstable, tear evaporation is increased four-fold. However, where there is a stable, intact lipid layer, regardless of lipid thickness, tear evaporation is retarded.
Research on the Evaluation of Enterprise-University-Research Cooperation Ability in Hubei Province

: The measurement of enterprise-university-research cooperative efficiency has important meanings in improving the cooperative efficiency, strengthening the effective integration of regional resource, enhancing the ability of regional innovation and promoting the development of regional economy. The paper constructs the DEA method and DEA-Malmquist productivity index method to research the cooperation efficiency of Hubei by making comparisons with other provinces in China. The study found out the index of technology efficiency is 0.52 and the enterprise-university- research cooperative efficiency is Non-DEA efficient. To realize the DEA efficiency of Hubei province, the amount of 1652.596 R&D employees and 638.368 R&D employees’ full time equivalence should be reduced or 137.89 billion yuan of new products’ sales income be increased. Finally, it puts forward policy recommendations on existing problems to strengthen the standings of the cooperation, realize the effective application of the research results, and improve the level of management of enterprise-university-research cooperation efficiency. a
Exploring potential explanations for the increase in antidepressant prescribing in Scotland using secondary analyses of routine data.

BACKGROUND Antidepressant prescribing in general practice has dramatically increased since the beginning of the last decade. AIM To determine if the increase in antidepressants prescribed in Scotland between 1995 and 2001 was due to increase in incidence, prevalence, care-seeking behaviour by patients, or identification by GPs of depression. METHOD Secondary analysis of routine data. Prescribing information was obtained from Information and Statistics Division Scotland, psychosocial morbidity from the Scottish Health Surveys of 1995 and 1998 and GP consultations from the continuous morbidity recording (CMR) dataset. Annual trends in antidepressant prescribing for prescriptions, gross ingredient cost and defined daily doses (DDDs) were examined for all Scottish Practices and 54 stable CMR practices (175 955 patients). Prevalence of psychological morbidity in responders with a General Health Questionnaire score > or = 4, their contact probability and contact frequency was compared in the 1995 and 1998 Scottish Health Surveys. Changes in diagnostic and GP consultation patterns in CMR practices were compared. RESULTS Total prescriptions for antidepressants increased from 1.5 million in 1995-1996 to 2.8. million in 2000-2001. The gross ingredient cost increased from pounds 20 to pounds 44 million and total DDDs from 44.5 to 93.2 million. Prescription trends in CMR practices were similar. Overall prevalence of psychological morbidity was the same in the 1995 and 1998 Scottish Health Surveys. Percentage of consultations in CMR practices for new diagnoses of depression decreased from 1.7 to 1.3%, the depression-related contact rate decreased and annual prevalence rates for depressive illness were stable between 1998-1999 and 2000-2001. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence of an increase in incidence, prevalence, care-seeking behaviour or identification of depression during the period of a sharp increase in antidepressant prescribing. Further work is required to explain the increase.
Ludic Learning: Exploration of TLE TeachLivE™ and Effective Teacher Training

New and emerging technology in the field of virtual environments has permitted a certain malleability of learning milieus. These emerging environments allow learning and transfer through interactions that have been intentionally designed to be pleasurable experiences. TLE TeachLivETM is just such an emerging environment that engages teachers in practice on pedagogical and content aspects of teaching in a simulator. The sense of presence, engagement, and ludus of TLE TeachLivETM are derived from the compelling Mixed Reality that includes components of off-the shelf and emerging technologies. Some of the noted features that have been identified relevant to the ludic nature of TeachLivE include the flow, fidelity, unpredicability, suspension of disbelief, social presence, and gamelike elements. This article explores TLE TeachLivETM in terms of the ludology, paideic user experience, the source of the ludus, and outcomes of the ludic nature of the experience.
[Non-Restorative Cavity Treatment. Managing rather than masking caries activity].

UNLABELLED The traditional restorative approach to active dentin caries in the temporary dentition is questioned. This paper argues in favour of a causal approach. The causal approach focuses on caries management. Restoration is of secondary importance. Delay or replacement of invasive restorative treatment by a causal approach decreases discomfort for children and promotes oral health over time. A form of causal treatment is the so called Non-Restorative Cavity Treatment. This approach requires that some measures be taken for managing cavitated caries lesions: 1. written informed consent; 2. making the cavity accessible for plaque removal; 3. treating carious dentition with anti-cariogenic agents and/or applying a protective layer to the carious dentition; 4. monitoring the caries process; 5. effective communication about dental health education. Some diagnostic criteria are important for the risk assessment of cavitated lesions: 1. activity of the caries lesion; 2. accessibility of the caries lesion for plaque control; 3. depth of the cavity; 4. condition of the pulp. CONCLUSION the causal approach can arrest the caries process even in advanced stages of decay.
Acetylcholine receptors and nerve terminal distribution at the neuromuscular junction of non‐obese diabetic mice

Skeletal muscle is one of the main targets of the metabolic alterations in diabetes, in which protein synthesis is markedly reduced followed by increased proteolysis. Ultrastructural and functional changes in the presynaptic compartment of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have been demonstrated, but little attention has been paid to the proteins in the postsynaptic muscle fiber membrane. In the present work, we studied the changes in acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and nerve terminal distribution in the NMJ of non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The sternomastoid muscles of adult female NOD mice were double‐labeled for AChR and nerve terminal observation by fluorescence and reflected light confocal microscopy. In 62.4% of the diabetic endplates, AChR branches broke apart into receptor islands that stained less than in the normal mice. These patches had regular junctional folds. At most of the endplates studied, the nerve terminals colocalized with AChRs, and sprouts were seen in 10% of the diabetic endplates. The intramuscular nerve branches and axons in the nerve to the sternomastoid muscle showed no degenerative disorders. These results suggest that metabolic alterations in the diabetic muscle fiber can affect the distribution and expression of molecules, such as AChRs, in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Anat Rec 267:112–119, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniofacial Reconstruction With High-Density Porous Polyethylene Implants

Deformities of the facial skeleton may be reconstructed using autogenic or allogenic materials. Porous polyethylene is one of the few alloplastic materials currently in use having a well-documented history of reconstruction or augmentation in the maxillofacial region. High-density porous polyethylene, which is shown to be effective as a biomaterial, has additional advantages like tissue ingrowth, no capsule formation around it, and easy fixation. In this study, 83 implants in 71 patients were evaluated. Seven patients were in need of a second intervention. Three of the seven secondary interventions were for contour alignment, and four interventions were for extraction of the implants because of extrusion or infection. Placement of porous polyethylene implants directly under the skin without coverage of periosteum or another fascial envelope has an increased risk of early and especially late exposure. In cases like nasal dorsum or microtia reconstruction, we prefer autogenic grafts instead of allogenic materials.
Systemic and local high mobility group box 1 concentrations during severe infection

Objective: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated as a late mediator in sepsis. We here sought to determine the extent of HMGB1 release in patients with sepsis stratified to the three most common infectious sources and to determine HMGB1 concentrations at the site of infection during peritonitis or pneumonia. Design: Observational studies in patients and healthy humans challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Setting: Three intensive care units and one clinical research unit. Patients and Subjects: Three patient populations were studied: 1) 51 patients with sepsis due to pneumonia (n = 29), peritonitis (n = 12), or urinary tract infection (n = 10); 2) 17 patients with peritonitis; and 3) four patients with community‐acquired pneumonia. In addition, eight healthy subjects were studied after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (4 ng/kg). Interventions: One population of healthy volunteers received lipopolysaccharide intravenously. Measurements and Main Results: Patients with severe sepsis due to pneumonia displayed elevated circulating HMGB1 concentrations at both days 0 and 3 after inclusion. Patients with sepsis due to peritonitis had elevated HMGB1 levels at day 0 but not at day 3, whereas urinary tract infection was associated with a delayed HMGB1 response, with elevated levels only at day 3. HMGB1 concentrations did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors and were not correlated to either disease severity or concurrently measured cytokine levels. In line with these observations, although intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection clearly elevated plasma cytokine levels, HMGB1 remained undetectable. In patients with peritonitis, HMGB1 concentrations in abdominal fluid were more than ten‐fold higher than in concurrently obtained plasma. In pneumonia patients, HMGB1 levels were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from the site of infection than in lavage fluid from healthy controls. Conclusions: In severe sepsis, the kinetics of HMGB1 release may differ depending on the primary source of infection. In patients with severe infection, HMGB1 release may predominantly occur at the site of infection.
Spacecraft attitude & rate estimation by an adaptive unscented Kalman filter

This paper presents a scheme for spacecraft attitude and rate estimation based on an Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF). The integrated attitude determination system here consists of rate gyros and attitude sensors as the measurement units. The process equations are formed combining the information from the rotational dynamics and kinematics of the spacecraft. As the measurement noise statistics of the rate gyros and the attitude sensors are often unknown, so an adaptive filter is employed here, which determines the measurement noise covariance (R) adaptively. Further, the choice of UKF facilitates with its high accuracy and derivative-free implementation. Two versions of the AUKF algorithm are shown here depending on the residual sequences and the innovation sequences. The residual based proposed AUKF comprises of two phase of measurement update. Further, a provision to regulate the speed of adaptation through a modulating factor, is also incorporated in the presented adaptive schemes. Positive definiteness and the diagonal structure of the adapted measurement noise covariance (R) is also ensured here. Simulation results show the superiority of the AUKF based attitude estimation scheme compared to the nonadaptive filter based schemes in terms of the estimation errors.
Macroprolactin on the Advia Centaur: experience with 409 patients over a three-year period

Introduction Macroprolactin (MPRL) is an important source of interference that may lead to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of hyperprolactinaemic patients. Prolactin assays exhibit considerable variation in the detection of MPRL. In this study, we examine the requirement for polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation in the analysis of hyperprolactinaemia detected by the Advia Centaur as it has a relatively low reactivity with MPRL. Methods Four hundreds and sixty-four hyperprolactinaemic samples were collected from the laboratory information system for Saint James University Hospital over a three-year period. These samples were screened for MPRL using PEG precipitation protocol. Monomeric prolactin concentration post-PEG precipitation was compared with a reference range determined by PEG precipitation in normal subjects. Results MPRL was the cause of hyperprolactinaemia in 4% of patients (16/409) over the three-year period studied. Nine subjects with MPRL also had elevated monomeric prolactin. Conclusions PEG screening is still needed for assays with low MPRL reactivity such as the Advia Centaur and this should be performed with a locally derived reference range for monomeric prolactin.
The Use of LSD-25 as a Diagnostic Aid in Doubtful Cases of Schizophrenia

In the course of studying the clinical effects of LSD-25 various workers have commented upon its possible use as an aid to psychiatric diagnosis. Stoll (1947) and Becker (1949) considered it to be of limited value in this respect. Condrau (1949) pointed out that it tended to exaggerate catatonic and hebephrenic features in schizophrenics and to produce a caricature of the personality in normal subjects; the latter point also being made by Anderson and Rawnsley (1954). Von Felsinger et al. (1956) considered the primary psychological effect of the drug to be an exacerbation of existing symptomatology, through a weakening of central functions and defence systems.
Serum parathyroid hormone‐related peptide is associated with systemic inflammation and adverse prognosis in gastroesophageal carcinoma

Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) is a tumor‐derived circulating factor that has been associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy. The role of PTHrP as a prognostic indicator remains unclear. Studies suggest that it may function as a growth factor; and, recently, the ability of PTHrP to induce cytokine expression has been described. PTHrP also has been proposed as a procachectic factor. In this study, the authors investigated the prognostic value of PTHrP in patients who had gastroesophageal carcinoma without hypercalcemia and determined whether PTHrP was associated with systemic inflammation and adverse nutritional status.
Decreased expression of lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/OH) in high resolution imaging mass spectrometry independently predicts biochemical recurrence after surgical treatment for prostate cancer

Human prostate cancers are highly heterogeneous, indicating a need for various novel biomarkers to predict their prognosis. Lipid metabolism affects numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Direct profiling of lipids in tissue using high‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (HR‐MALDI‐IMS) may provide molecular details that supplement tissue morphology.
Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in untreated tuberculosis.

SIR,-In their study Drs B Hunt and DM Geddes (Thorax January 1985;40:23-6) make the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) on dubious grounds. CF is a generalised disease of exocrine glands. The diagnosis requires demonstration of exocrine gland abnormalities uniquely characteristic of the disease. The sweat of children with CF is uniquely characteristic. A sweat Na or Cl concentration of greater than 60 mEq/l is diagnostic if there is also evidence of pulmonary disease or pancreatic disease or a family history of CF. Other causes of a positive result in the sweat test' are usually easy to rule out. In adults the sweat test is less helpful. Na or Cl concentrations above 60 mEq/l are common in normal people.2 A concentration below 50 mEq/l does, however, rule out CF. Pulmonary changes in CF are primarily the result of chronic infection and are not, by themselves, diagnostic. Drs Hunt and Geddes put faith in the diagnostic significance of suppression of sweat Na concentration by fludrocortisone, as described by Hodson et al.3 This paper presents a graph where two CF patients have no drop in sweat Na concentration after the steroid, while two control subjects show a marked suppression. The data on all patients, unfortunately, are much less impressive. The average suppression in controls is 26.3%, while that in CF patients is 8.7%. The average Na concentration, before steroid, in the controls was 43.2 mEq/l and that in the CF patients 103.0 mEq/l. The authors did not calculate the average drop in Na concentration. This is 11.4 mEq/l for the controls and 9.0 mEq/l for the CF patients. The difference between these numbers is not significant and is not of diagnostic importance. The diagnosis of CF in an adult can be established. All exocrine glands are involved. Almost every CF male has total obstruction of the vas deferens. Eighty five per cent to 90% of all patients have virtually total obstruction of the pancreatic ducts. With a positive sweat test and pulmonary disease, the demonstration of either azoospermia or absent pancreatic enzymes confirms the diagnosis. Even the difficult case of a woman without malabsorption may be diagnosed. When the CF pancreas is only partially obstructed the pancreatic juice is still abnormal. The output of enzymes may be normal, but the outputs of water and bicarbonate are markedly, and diagnostically, reduced.45 A duodenal drainage can establish the diagnosis.