Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BOUNDARIES BETWEEN INEQUALITY AND DIFFERENCE IN WATER GOVERNANCE 1

This article addresses the themes of inequality and difference in water governance in Brazil. The production of hierarchies in the arenas of governance is discussed, defending the hypothesis that the shift from difference to inequality is the result of practices of justification that consolidate the sovereignty of technical competence in environmental management. Some of the more significant findings of studies about the structure and functioning of River Basin Committees in different regions of the country are taken as reference for this discussion. Based on these findings, we discuss the discursive production of the Committees, the authority of the agents that embody the new principles of management, and the implications of the process of scientification of the politics. The article concludes by pointing out the importance of diversity in the construction of a new narrative of environmental governance.
Presidential Agenda-Setting of Traditional and Nontraditional News Media

The president’s ability to influence the news agenda is central to the study of American politics. Although there is a large literature that examines presidential agenda-setting vis-à-vis traditional news sources, such as newspapers or broadcast television networks, there is little research that explores the effects of presidential agenda leadership of nontraditional media whether online or cable television. This study remedies this state of affairs by examining the relationship between the president’s daily agenda and traditional and nontraditional daily news agendas. I argue that although the president should find similar space on all news for topics he raises in his speeches, nontraditional sources are more likely to cover other stories that reference the president. Analysis of 748 stories on the presidency for 63 days in early 2012 from 7 traditional, cable, and online news sources provides support for my argument, with cable news providing the most presidential news coverage. I conclude with some implications about what my findings mean for presidential leadership of nontraditional media.
Mammalian density in response to different levels of bushmeat hunting in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania.

Bushmeat hunting constitutes the most immediate threat to wildlife populations in the Udzungwa Mountains of the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot. This study assesses the impact of hunting by comparing densities of mammalian species between the little hunted West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve (WKSFR), the medium-hunted Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (USFR) and the intensively hunted New Dabaga Ulangambi Forest Reserve (NDUFR). Of the 22 species recorded, 20 were present in WKSFR, 17 in USFR and 12 in NDUFR. Most large species (>40 kg.) were absent from hunted areas, while medium-sized species were reduced more than smaller species. Few traces of Abbot’s duiker were observed in hunted areas and bush pig was reduced below 85% in hunted areas. Hunting appears to have little effect on primates, blue duiker, Harvey’s duiker, aardvark, eastern tree hyrax, and giant pouched rat in USFR, while hunting in NDUFR only seems of less concern for primates and giant pouched rat. Thus, the effect of hunting appears to be proportional to the size of the species and the intensity of hunting, although effects of life history strategy, forest fragment size, isolation, and previous logging cannot be excluded. Reductions of hunting levels are paramount to the survival of large bodied species in USFR and for the continued presence of most species in NDUFR. This study furthermore constitutes an important baseline for monitoring the effect of current efforts to implement joint forest management in the Udzungwa Mountains.
Rapporteur ’ s Report on Implications of Corporate Entry into Agricultural Input and Output Markets and Its Impact on Small Producers and Consumers Rapporteur :

Due to policies of globalisation and liberalisation in India, the corporate agencies are increasingly setting up systems and mechanisms to interface more directly with the rural and agricultural sector. This includes not only agricultural input companies and agencies setting up shop in rural areas to sell agricultural inputs and provide extension and other services like soil and water testing, but also, processing and marketing agencies procuring farm produce through these arrangements or through contract or contact farming. On the market for agricultural inputs front, many new inputs and new ways of marketing inputs i.e., rural retail bazaars like Haryali Kissan Bazaar (HKB) have been set up during the past few years. On the output side, besides the amendment to the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act, there has been emergence of contract and contact farming arrangements wherein corporate buyers directly work with primary producers to ensure timely supply of adequate quantity of quality raw materials. More importantly, the entry of domestic corporates into food retail and the likely permission to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the food retail sector are important and controversial issues which demand empirical data and analysis on their likely impact on producers, traditional vendors, and consumers, besides on other stakeholders like private traders, and middlemen. Given the small producer dominated nature of Indian agriculture, inclusion of small producers in value chains is an important issue. Small farmers have some advantages for integrating with the supply chains, as they can supply better quality with intensive management attention to each output unit. However, they lack the size to benefit from economies of scale. On the other hand, the threats they face are: standardisation of products in global and national markets, and large volume requirements of modern markets. Further, the lack of access to insurance and credit markets make small producers vulnerable and they reduce their risk by choosing low risk activities or technologies which have low average return (Harper, 2009a). On the other hand, private agencies stand to gain from small producer linkage when it is not just profits, but also ‘people’ and ‘planet’ dimensions of their operations which have become the bottom lines of the companies as part of the ‘triple
Isothermal Permeability of the Argillaceous Cobourg Limestone

The paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation of the permeability of the heterogeneous argillaceous limestone from the Cobourg formation located in southern Ontario, Canada. The low permeability of the limestone necessitated the development of experimental techniques for effectively measuring the permeability of the rock. In particular, we examine the results of pressurization of a fluid-filled co-axial cylindrical cavity of finite length cored into a 150 mm diameter cylinder of the Cobourg Limestone. The orientation of the cavity is either normal to or along the nominal stratifications identified by the argillaceous partings separating the quartzitic phases. Both steady state and transient tests are used to estimate the permeability of the Cobourg Limestone. The paper also investigates the influence of a nominal axial load on the permeability of the rock.
Multi-site calibration and validation of SWAT with satellite-based evapotranspiration in a data-sparse catchment in southwestern Nigeria

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the eco-hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with satellite-based actual evapotranspiration (AET) data from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM_v3.0a) and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Global Evaporation (MOD16) for the Ogun River Basin (20 292 km2) located in southwestern Nigeria. Three potential evapotranspiration (PET) equations (Hargreaves, Priestley–Taylor and Penman–Monteith) were used for the SWAT simulation of AET. The reference simulations were the three AET variables simulated with SWAT before model calibration took place. The sequential uncertainty fitting technique (SUFI-2) was used for the SWAT model sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. The GLEAM_v3. 0a and MOD16 products were subsequently used to calibrate the three SWAT-simulated AET variables, thereby obtaining six calibrations–validations at a monthly timescale. The model performance for the three SWAT model runs was evaluated for each of the 53 subbasins against the GLEAM_v3. 0a and MOD16 products, which enabled the best model run with the highest-performing satellite-based AET product to be chosen. A verification of the simulated AET variable was carried out by (i) comparing the simulated AET of the calibrated model to GLEAM_v3. 0b AET, which is a product that has different forcing data than the version of GLEAM used for the calibration, and (ii) assessing the long-term average annual and average monthly water balances at the outlet of the watershed. Overall, the SWAT model, composed of the Hargreaves PET equation and calibrated using the GLEAM_v3. 0a data (GS1), performed well for the simulation of AET and provided a good level of confidence for using the SWAT model as a decision support tool. The 95 % uncertainty of the SWAT-simulated variable bracketed most of the satellite-based AET data in each subbasin. A validation of the simulated soil moisture dynamics for GS1 was carried out using satellite-retrieved soil moisture data, which revealed good agreement. The SWAT model (GS1) also captured the seasonal variability of the water balance components at the outlet of the watershed. This study demonstrated the potential to use remotely sensed evapotranspiration data for hydrological model calibration and validation in a sparsely gauged large river basin with reasonable accuracy. The novelty of the study is the use of these freely available satellite-derived AET datasets to effectively calibrate and validate an eco-hydrological model for a data-scarce catchment.
Beyond LIMD bias: a measurement of the complete set of third-order halo bias parameters

We present direct measurements of cubic bias parameters of dark matter halos from the halo-matter-matter-matter trispectrum. We measure this statistic efficiently by cross-correlating the halo field measured in N-body simulations with specific third-order nonlocal transformations of the initial density field in the same simulation. Together with the recent ref. [1], these are the first measurements of halo bias using the four-point function that have been reported to date. We also obtain constraints on the quadratic bias parameters. For all individual cubic parameters involving the tidal field 𝒦ij, we find broad consistency with the prediction of the Lagrangian local-in-matter-density ansatz, with some indications of a positive Lagrangian coefficient bL multiplying the time derivative of 𝒦ij. For the quadratic tidal bias (bK2), we obtain a significant detection of a negative Lagrangian tidal bias.
'Additive' and 'subtractive': Challenges in education for multilingualism

This article provides a critique of the use of the terms 'additive bilingualism' and 'subtractive bilingualism~ arguing that the use of these terms has led to confusion. The article suggests caution in equating language learning outcomes with particular programmes or types or models without regard to the contexts in which they are implemented It argues for closedefinition of terms, but warns that this alone will not effoct change in language-in-education policies. Promotion of multilingualism will require the systematic elaboration, standardisation and use of African language as languages of/earning and teaching. Hierdie artikel lewer kritiek op die gebruik van die terme toegevoegde tweetaligheid en wegnemende tweetaligheid, deur te argumenteer dat die benutting van die terme gelei het tot verwarring. Die artikel stel voor dat versigtigheid aan die dag gele moet word om nie taalaanleeruitkomste gelyk te stet aan spesi.fieke programme of tipes modelle sander inagnemingvan die konteks waarbinne hulle geimplementeer word nie. Dit argumenteer ten gunste van geslote definisies van terme, maar waarsku dat sodanige definiering nie eiehandig verandering teweeg sal bring in taal-in-onderwys-beleidsrigtings nie. Die bevordering van meertaligheid sal die sistematiese uitbreiding, standaardisering en gebruik van Afrikatale as tale waarin onderrig ontvang en gel ewer word, verg.
A stellar fly-by close to the Galactic center: Can we detect stars on highly relativistic orbits?

The Galactic centre Nuclear Star Cluster is one of the densest stellar clusters in the Galaxy. The stars in its inner portions orbit the supermassive black hole associated with compact radio source Sgr~A* at the orbital speeds of several thousand km/s. The B-type star S2 is currently the best case to test the general relativity as well as other theories of gravity based on its stellar orbit. Yet its orbital period of $\sim 16\,{\rm yr}$ and the eccentricity of $\sim 0.88$ yields the relativistic pericentre shift of $\sim 11'$, which is observationally still difficult to reliably measure due to possible Newtonian perturbations as well as reference-frame uncertainties. A naive way to solve this problem is to find stars with smaller pericentre distances, $r_{\rm p}\lesssim 1529$ Schwarzschild radii ($120\,{\rm AU}$), and thus more prominent relativistic effects. In this contribution, we show that to detect stars on relativistic orbits is progressively less likely given the volume shrinkage and the expected stellar density distributions. Finally, one arrives to a sparse region, where the total number of bright stars is expected to fall below one. One can, however, still potentially detect stars crossing this region. In this contribution, we provide a simple formula for the detection probability of a star crossing a sparse region. We also examine an approximate time-scale on which the star reappears in the sparse region, i.e. a "waiting" time-scale for observers.
Development and optimization of in situ periodontal gel containing Levofloxacin for the treatment of periodontal diseases

Levofloxacin has a conventional dose of about 500 mg per day. Many drugs do not reach the site of action in the therapeutic concentrations intended. So, in present study, works has been done for administering the drug directly to the target site so that the efficacy of treatment can be improved. This site specific delivery of drug can thus overcome the problems faced during systemic administration of antimicrobials for periodontitis, where the drug get diluted many times before it reaches the site of action. This also reduces frequency of administration and dose size, and thereby improves patient compliance and minimizes systemic side effects. Levofloxacin periodontal gel was prepared by different concentrations of gellan gum, poloxamer 407. 32full factorial design was applied for optimization. Selected dependent variables are concentration of gellan gum (X1) and poloxamer 407 (X2). Selected independent variables are release at 1 hour (Y1), t90 % (Y2), gelation temperature (Y3) and viscosity (Y4). All the prepared formulations were evaluated for viscosity, pH, % drug content, syringeability, and effect of sterilization. By compatibility study drug was found to be compatible with formulation excipients. Gelation temperature and pH of all formulation found to be in the range of 40- 250C and 5.5-5.9 respectively. Viscosity of all prepared formulations was found in the range of 600-1500 centipoise. All the formulations except F3, F6 and F9 show satisfactory syringeability. Both the independent variable had the significant effect on the entire four response variable (P< 0.05). All the formulations were developed using combination of gellan gum and poloxamer 407. The developed formulations showed satisfactory results for in-vitro gelling capacity, rheology and other physical properties. Based on maximum desirability and cost effectiveness formulation containing 0.32%w/v of gellan gum and 14.2%w/v of poloxamer 407 was consider as an optimized batch.
MARKET EFFICIENCY OF THE AMMAN STOCK MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM THE EXAMINATION OF TRADING RULES

This paper tests the validity of the weak-form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis for theAmman Stock Exchange (ASE) for a full sample and three sub-periods of that spanningperiod 2000-2012. The research uses statistical analyses and moving average rulesand offers further evidence of the inefficiency of the Amman stock market whenapplying trading rules. The empirical results indicate that moving average strategiesare successful in predicting the returns for the ASE Index and outperforming the naivebuy-and-hold strategy. However, the findings for the sub-periods suggest a certaindegree of improvement toward the efficiency achieved by the Amman stock market thathas occurred from recent developments such as the introduction of new regulationsand the development of market microstructures.
Learning Process in Mathematics and Statistics Courses towards Engineering Students: E-learning or Traditional Method?

Engineering courses such as Mathematics and Statistics at an undergraduate level are frequently presented to the students in traditional way. In order to be parallel with young generations in terms of technology, e-learning was introduced to engineering students in FKAB with the hope that e-learning is a way to enhance learning in a more convenience and cost-effective manner. This study examines students’ perception towards the importance and usefulness of modern technologies such as e-learning (WILEY PLUS) in comparison with the more traditional lecture, as knowledge delivery or alternatively, a method of learning process. The objectives of this study are to test whether there is any difference between these two methods and to identify which method is more important and agreeable to the students. A total of 182 students of First Year and 179 of Second Year engineering students at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM who have taken Mathematics and Statistics courses respectively involved in this survey. The descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics as paired t-test was used to compare these two methods. This study reveals that there is a significant difference between WILEY PLUS and lecturing in Mathematics and Statistics courses. Overall, lecturing was significantly of importance and favourable in the learning process for both courses compared to the newly-introduced WILEY PLUS.
ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION VIA GENETIC ALGORITHM, IN WILL

The application of a genetic algorithm (GA) to the optimal design of a ten member, plane truss is considered. Genetic algorithms are search procedures based upon the mechanics of natural genetics, combining a Darwinian survival-of-the-fittest with a randomized, yet structured information exchange among a population of artificial chromosomes. Computer results show surprising speed as near-optimal results are obtained after examining a small fraction of the search space. The method is ready for application to more complex problems of engineering optimization.
Market Reaction to Sports Sentiment: Evidence from the European Football Championship 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether investor sentiment influences the stock price reaction to football match results, considering the 2008 European Football Championship as a proxy for investor sentiment. We use regression analysis in order to relate football results with the market return. Average return is more negative on days following a loss than following a win, suggesting that the loss effect is most pronounced that the win effect, which is in line with the Football hypothesis. It seems that losses have a particular effect on investor mood.We find evidence of a negative market reaction after football wins, which might be explained by the fact that the market during the studied period was bearish. This study provides evidence for the influence of sport results on investor mood as well as on the share prices reaction, for the loss situations. In what concerns the wins, the results suggest that it does not affect significantly the market.This study contributes on the recent behavioral finance research on the effect of investor sentiment on market reaction. Further research can be focused on major football championships, such as the Olympic Games, and on different periods, to control for bear markets.
Anisotropy of the Mechanical and Thermoelectric Properties of Hot‐Pressed Single‐Layer and Multilayer Thick Ca3Co4O9 Ceramics

Ca3Co4O9 (349) thermoelectric (TE) ceramics were prepared by hot-pressing (HP) process under various stress levels up to 30 MPa. Microstructure investigations have revealed strong enhancements of the bulk density and the texture strength, and a remarkable decrease of the in-plane grain boundary density as the HP stress, σ, is increased. The mechanical properties obtained from nanoindentation and three-point bending tests, and the TE properties were correlated to the microstructure. The influence of the HP stress level on these properties was examined in the parallel (c) and perpendicular (ab) directions to the pressing axis. Hardness (Hab and Hc ) and elastic modulus (Eab and Ec ) values were shown to increase remarkably with the HP stress level and the anisotropy ratio between out-of-plane and in-plane resistivity values too. As ρab was considerably reduced and the Seebeck coefficient, Sab, remains constant when σ is raised, the power factor, PFab, was greatly improved for the higher stress values. and PFab900 K are 64 and 595 μW. m−1.K−2, respectively, for the HP samples processed under 30 MPa. Thick specimens usable in practical devices were obtained by HP stacked single layers. Their microstructure was investigated and correlated to the TE and mechanical properties.
Reproductive biology and diet of the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-eastern Arabian Sea

Information on reproductive biology is presented for the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes), collected off the north-west coast of India in the Arabian Sea. A total of 711 individuals, of 27.0 to 93.0 cm total length (TL), 180 to 2600 g total weight (TW) were used for the study. The length-weight relationships were significantly different between the sexes. The size-at-maturity (Lm50) for females and males was estimated to be 62.3 and 59.5 cm TL respectively. Number of embryos ranged from 1 to 7 and the size at birth was estimated between 25 to 30 cm TL. Overall sex ratio favoured the females slightly at the rate of 1.27:1. There was significant positive correlation between maternal TL and number of embryos (p<0.001). Dietary analysis of stomach contents (%IRI) revealed that R. oligolinx feeds primarily on teleosts (95.5%), cephalopods (3.2%) and crustaceans (1.2%). This study presents the first detailed biological observation on size, sex composition, size-at-maturity (Lm50) and length-weight relationship of R. oligolinx from the northern Arabian Sea.