Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborating with the Machines A hybrid method for classifying policy documents

Governments produce vast and growing quantities of freely available text: laws, rules, budgets, press releases, etc. This information ﬂood is facilitating important, growing research programs in policy and public administration. However, tight-ening research budgets and the information’s vast scale force political science and public policy to aspire to do more with less. Meeting this challenge means applied researchers must innovate. This paper makes two contributions for practical text coding – the process of sorting government text into researcher-deﬁned coding schemes. First, we propose a method of combining human coding with automated computer classiﬁcation for large data sets. Second, we present a well-known al-gorithm for automated text classiﬁcation, the Na¨ıve Bayes classiﬁer, and provide software for working with it. We argue and provide evidence this method can help applied researchers using human coders to get more from their research budgets, and we demonstrate the method using classical examples from the study of policy agendas.
A Single Dose Mass Balance Study of the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Vismodegib (GDC-0449) in Humans Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Vismodegib (GDC-0449), a small-molecule Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, was well tolerated in patients with solid tumors and showed promising efficacy in advanced basal cell carcinoma in a Phase I trial. The purpose of the study presented here was to determine routes of elimination and the extent of vismodegib metabolism, including assessment and identification of metabolites in plasma, urine, and feces. Six healthy female subjects of nonchildbearing potential were enrolled; each received a single 30-ml oral suspension containing 150 mg of vismodegib with 6.5 μg of [14C]vismodegib to yield a radioactivity dose of approximately 37 kBq (1000 nCi). Plasma, urine, and feces samples were collected over 56 days to permit sample collection for up to 5 elimination half-lives. Nonradioactive vismodegib was measured in plasma using liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry, and total radioactivity in plasma, urine, and feces was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry. Vismodegib was slowly eliminated by a combination of metabolism and excretion of parent drug, most of which was recovered in feces. The estimated excretion of the administered dose was 86.6% on average, with 82.2 and 4.43% recovered in feces and urine, respectively. Vismodegib was predominant in plasma, with concentrations representing >98% of the total circulating drug-related components. Metabolic pathways of vismodegib in humans included oxidation, glucuronidation, and uncommon pyridine ring cleavage. We conclude that vismodegib and any associated metabolic products are mainly eliminated through feces after oral administration in healthy volunteers.
Cardiac effect of short-term experimental weight gain and loss in dogs

During 12 weeks, 18 normal dogs were fed a high-caloric diet intended to induce obesity (weight-gain phase). For the next 12weeks (weight-loss phase), all dogs were fed a diet calculated to provide maintenance needs. During this second phase, dogs were randomly assigned to three groups differing only in their exercise regimen: group 1 dogs were not exercised, group 2 dogs were exercised three times each week on a treadmill, group 3 dogs were similarly exercised and outfitted with a vest holding additional weights. Echocardiographic data were obtained at baseline and following both the weight-gain and weight-loss phases. The weight-gain phase of the study was associated with an increase in bodyweight (31.4 per cent), decrease in body density (3.9 per cent) and an increase in left ventricular (LV) myocardial cross-sectional area in all groups. Cardiac hypertrophy was variably reversible during the weight-loss phase, with complete recovery for group 1, partial recovery for group 2 and no recovery in group 3. Regardless of group, weight loss was associated with a significant increase in LV diameter, a reduction of heart rate and an increase in heart rate-corrected isovolumetric relaxation time.
Feasibility of RACT for 3D dose measurement and range verification in a water phantom.

PURPOSE The objective of this study is to establish the feasibility of using radiation-induced acoustics to measure the range and Bragg peak dose from a pulsed proton beam. Simulation studies implementing a prototype scanner design based on computed tomographic methods were performed to investigate the sensitivity to proton range and integral dose. METHODS Derived from thermodynamic wave equation, the pressure signals generated from the dose deposited from a pulsed proton beam with a 1 cm lateral beam width and a range of 16, 20, and 27 cm in water using Monte Carlo methods were simulated. The resulting dosimetric images were reconstructed implementing a 3D filtered backprojection algorithm and the pressure signals acquired from a 71-transducer array with a cylindrical geometry (30 × 40 cm) rotated over 2π about its central axis. Dependencies on the detector bandwidth and proton beam pulse width were performed, after which, different noise levels were added to the detector signals (using 1 μs pulse width and a 0.5 MHz cutoff frequency/hydrophone) to investigate the statistical and systematic errors in the proton range (at 20 cm) and Bragg peak dose (of 1 cGy). RESULTS The reconstructed radioacoustic computed tomographic image intensity was shown to be linearly correlated to the dose within the Bragg peak. And, based on noise dependent studies, a detector sensitivity of 38 mPa was necessary to determine the proton range to within 1.0 mm (full-width at half-maximum) (systematic error < 150 μm) for a 1 cGy Bragg peak dose, where the integral dose within the Bragg peak was measured to within 2%. For existing hydrophone detector sensitivities, a Bragg peak dose of 1.6 cGy is possible. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that computed tomographic scanner based on ionizing radiation-induced acoustics can be used to verify dose distribution and proton range with centi-Gray sensitivity. Realizing this technology into the clinic has the potential to significantly impact beam commissioning, treatment verification during particle beam therapy and image guided techniques.
Sexism and Aggression in Adolescence—How Do They Relate to Perceived Academic Achievement?

Sexist attitudes are rooted in patriarchal structures, which uphold traditional gender stereotypes, and which are still found in society today. Scholars have found gender differences in perceived academic achievement, with girls performing better than boys, and negative relationships between sexism and perceived academic achievement. Moreover, perceived academic achievement and sexist attitudes have been associated with aggression and different kinds of violence. This study examined the associations between sexist attitudes and perceived academic achievement (using self-report data). The study also assessed the mediating role of physical and verbal aggression in the relationship between sexist attitudes and perceived academic achievement. Seven hundred eight Spanish adolescents participated in the study. The mean age was 13.00 (SD = 0.95; range = 12–14 years). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the effects among variables for boys and girls. Results showed the role of benevolent sexism and hostile sexism in perceived academic achievement, as well as the mediating role of aggression in the relationship between sexism and perceived academic achievement. Findings and implications are discussed to assess measures for establishing intervention programs and educating adolescents in a non-sexist manner.
PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF PRENATAL ANXIETY

Abstract A growing body of research indicates that maternal stress in general, and anxiety in particular, during pregnancy are significant risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Researchers know very little empirically about the specific psychological and social factors that contribute to perceptions of stress and anxiety for women during pregnancy. To address this critical gap in the literature, this study investigates a variety of factors that may contribute to prenatal anxiety, including mastery, attitudes toward the pregnancy, social support, life events, and demographic factors. Structured interviews were conducted at three intervals in pregnancy (18–20 weeks, 28–30 weeks, and 35–36 weeks) in a sample of 453 European American, African American, and Latina pregnant women. Results from cross–sectional analyses indicated that prenatal anxiety was higher among women who were low in mastery, who had less positive attitudes toward their pregnancy, and who experienced a larger number of life events during.
A Novel Running Mechanic's Class Changes Kinematics but not Running Economy

Abstract Craighead, DH, Lehecka, N, and King, DL. A novel running mechanic's class changes kinematics but not running economy. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3142–3150, 2014—A novel method of running technique instruction, Midstance to Midstance Running (MMR), was studied to determine how MMR affected kinematics and running economy (RE) of recreational runners. An experimental pre-post randomized groups design was used. Participants (n = 18) were recreational runners who ran at least 3 days a week and 5 km per run. All testing was performed on a treadmill at 2.8 m·s−1. The intervention group (n = 9) completed 8 weeks of instruction in MMR; the control group (n = 9) continued running without instruction. The MMR group showed significant decreases in stride length (SL) (p = 0.02) and maximum knee flexion velocity in stance (p = 0.01), and a significant increase in stride rate (SR) (p = 0.02) after 8 weeks. No significant changes were found in heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, or RE. Midstance to Midstance Running was effective in changing SR and SL, but was not effective in changing other kinematic variables such as foot contact position and maximum knee flexion during swing. Midstance to Midstance Running did not affect RE. Evidence suggests that MMR may be an appropriate instructional method for recreational runners trying to decrease SL and increase SR.
Digital technology and Australian teenagers: consumption, study and careers

Macpherson was a full time academic at the University from 1992 to 2009, lecturing in Communication and Management. She has extensive experience designing and conducting research using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Her PhD thesis investigated the development of critical thinking and information literacy skills in tertiary students, in the context of end-user computing for information retrieval. Her post-doctoral research has examined critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills in medical students, and in emergency medicine interns and specialists. She has published a range of academic papers in international academic journals ranked in the top 5% of quality worldwide by the Australian Research Council on these and other topics, including peer and group assessment; cognitive maturity; information literacy and learning theory. She has been an Expert Assessor for the Australian Research Council for Discovery and Technology projects since 2005. As project leader for this study, Dr Macpherson was responsible for all stages of the project, from conception, through research design and implementation to analysis and write up. That work was completed in consultation with the client-the Australian Computer Society Community Engagement Board; a UC Steering Committee; and a Reference Group, to deliver the project outcomes. The Education Institute (formerly the Lifelong Learning Network) at the University of Canberra is a policy research centre located in the Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Maths. Established in 1999 the Centre undertakes commissioned research projects in education and training. Over the past twelve years, the Institute has established a reputation for excellence in conducting policy-relevant research in all sectors of education and training. Institute consultants have expertise in many fields including curriculum and pedagogy, quality teaching and national professional standards for teachers and school leaders. Are you interested in studying IT? " Yes-it is interesting and an important thing to know. " Year 9 boy " No – I already know it and it's boring. " Year 11 girl What do you want to be when you grow up? " I want to be Prime Minister of a semi-artificial island I'm designing " Year 7 boy " I want to be a physicist because I enjoy physics and science, or an architect because I enjoy being creative and I like design. " Year 8 girl " I like the idea of being a programmer or an investment banker because I like selling things and coding. " Year 9 boy " Possibly a plumber. …
The timing of femoral component insertion in cemented hip arthroplasty.

The time to insertion of the femoral component into a cemented medullary cavity during total hip arthroplasty was reviewed. A survey of current practice among a group of surgeons was undertaken, and reproducible model of femoral cement penetration was developed. Under standard conditions, this showed maximum penetration of Vacu-Mix Plus CMW1 gentamicin cement (DePuy, Leeds, UK) at 3 minutes.
Linking Net Foreign Portfolio Debt and Equity to Exchange Rate Movements

Many currencies, especially those of countries with negative net foreign assets, tend to depreciate during times of financial turbulence. Using a panel of 26 currencies over the period 1/1997 – 6/2016, I show that the composition of net foreign assets matter for the exchange rate sensitivity to changes in global financial market risk tolerance, where debt financing increases it and equity financing reduces it. Thus, currencies of countries with large negative net external portfolio debt are more vulnerable to changes in financial market uncertainty than currencies with the equivalent net external equity. Ownership matters too, private net foreign debt liabilities heighten the exchange rate sensitivity much more than public. The relationship between banking sector risk intolerance, net external asset positions and exchange rates has, moreover, become stronger since the credit crisis.
Evolution of the E2 region of hepatitis C virus in an infant infected by mother‐to‐infant transmission

To demonstrate vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus from an HCV infected woman and to assess the evolution of HCV quasispecies in the infant, the variable E2 region was analyzed in one mother‐infant pair at birth and in serial samples from the infected baby. Sequence analysis of the E2 region obtained by means of direct sequencing of PCR products of mother‐infant pair at birth, showed that the sequence of the dominant strain in the infant was related closely but not identical to that of her mother. The HCV population in mother‐infant pair at birth and in serial samples of the infant was analyzed by polymerase‐chain reaction‐mediated Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism analysis (SSCP), which can distinguish DNA fragments of the same size as different electrophoretic migration of single stranded DNA. Single Strand Polymorphism analysis revealed that the infant was infected with two mutant genomes whereas the mother had a unique variant. The prevalent strain detected in the baby was not dominant in the mother at delivery and the pattern of quasispecies in the infant at birth was not the same as her mother, suggesting that the infant acquired the infection in utero. Changes in the dominant strain and evolution of the pattern of quasispecies in the infant from the 10th month of age were possibly due to the immune selection of escape mutants. J. Med. Virol. 64:476–481, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Portal vein branch occlusion induces cell proliferation of cholestatic rat liver.

Portal vein branch occlusion induces atrophy of occluded hepatic lobes, concomitantly associated with the complementary hypertrophy of unoccluded lobes. In this context, selective embolization of the portal vein branch supplying the area to be resected has been performed prior to extended hepatectomy to reduce the risk of postoperative liver failure. However, carcinoma of the hepatic hilus is often associated with obstructive jaundice. At present it is still obscure whether cholestatic hepatocytes can also respond well to the proliferation stimuli caused by the portal vein branch embolization. To clarify this point, we made a rat model of portal vein branch ligation in combination with cholestasis. As an indicator of proliferation, we determined the activity of DNA polymerase alpha and the mitotic index. The results demonstrate that, even in the cholestatic liver, the expression of DNA polymerase alpha in unoccluded lobes was induced by contralateral portal vein branch ligation. The maximal degree of DNA polymerase alpha induction in the cholestatic liver was similar to that in the noncholestatic liver, i.e., fivefold above that in the resting liver. The level of DNA polymerase alpha activity correlated well with the mitotic index in the same tissue. Furthermore, the cell proliferation after the portal vein branch occlusion is not suppressed by the preceding external biliary drainage, which had been shown to suppress the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. From these results, it is concluded that portal vein branch ligation induces liver cell proliferation in unoccluded lobes, irrespective of the presence of cholestasis.
Characterization of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor and a comparison of its expression in Atlantic tomcod from resistant and sensitive populations

Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River, USA, are resistant to cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA induction and early life stage toxicities induced by coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxins but not polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We sought to determine if basal expression or inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) mRNA is higher in tomcod from the resistant Hudson River population than in those from sensitive populations. Tomcod AHRR cDNA was characterized and its expression quantified in different tissues and life stages of tomcod from the Hudson River, Miramichi River, Canada (sensitive), and among environmentally exposed tomcod from these two sources and the St. Lawrence River, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that tomcod AHRR falls within the clade of other vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHRs) but is most closely related to the four previously identified AHRR genes. Induction of AHRR mRNA was observed in all tissues of PCB77‐treated juvenile tomcod of Miramichi River descent, and expression differed among tissues and was significantly related to levels of CYP1A1 mRNA expression. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor mRNA was similarly inducible in F2 embryos of Miramichi and Hudson River descent by benzo[a]pyrene but less by PCB77 in Hudson River offspring. A significant, positive correlation was observed between CYP1A1 mRNA and AHRR mRNA concentrations in environmentally exposed tomcod from the three rivers. We conclude that differences in basal expression or inducibility of AHRR mRNA are not the mechanistic basis of resistance but that levels of AHRR often mirror those of CYP1A1, suggesting that a common AHR pathway–related mechanism may modulate expression of both genes.
Experimental hut trials of permethrin‐impregnated mosquito nets and eave curtains against malaria vectors in Tanzania

ABSTRACT. Permethrin impregnated netting was tested against Tanza‐nian populations of Anopheles arabiensis Patton, An.gambiae Giles and An.funestus Giles in experimental huts fitted with traps to catch samples of the mosquitoes exiting during the night. Treated bednets killed some mosquitoes and increased the tendency of survivors to exit during the night. Treated cotton did not perform so well as treated nylon bednets. An impregnated bednet in which holes had been cut, to simulate a torn net, reduced the number of mosquitoes which fed and survived approximately as well as an intact untreated net. Treated curtains around the eaves of experimental huts did not perform so well as bednets but caused considerable reductions in the number of mosquitoes which fed and survived. However, there was no such effect when treated netting was placed around the eaves of a dwelling house. When one child slept under a treated net and another slept outside the net in the same hut, the number of bites on the latter child was less than if neither child had been under a net. Various aspects of the applicability of permethrin impregnated nets on a community basis are discussed.
Hospice Social Workers' Roles and Responsibilities Within Interdisciplinary Hospice

Hospice Social Workers’ Roles and Responsibilities Within Interdisciplinary Hospice Teams by Amy Marie Coffell MSW, University of Southern California, 2013 BS, Michigan Technological University, 2011 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Social Work Walden University November 2017
Effect of Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction on Amisulpride-Induced Hyperprolactinemia in Women with Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study

Objective The aim of this study is to observe the effect of Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction (PGD) on hyperprolactinemia in women with schizophrenia induced by Amisulpride. Material and Methods A total of 41 female schizophrenia patients receiving Amisulpride were randomly divided into placebo (n = 20) and PGD groups (n = 21). Maintaining the original Amisulpride dose, the two groups were given placebo and PGD, respectively. The levels of Prolactin (PRL) and other hormones were measured on the initial day and at weeks 4 and 8 after treatment. Changes of clinical symptoms in patients with hyperprolactinemia were observed. The PANSS scores were recorded to assess the psychotic symptoms. Results Compared with placebo group, level of PRL decreased while Progesterone increased remarkably in the PGD group at weeks 4 and 8 (p < 0.01), and level of Estradiol in the PGD group increased significantly at week 8 (p < 0.05). There were no differences in PANSS scores and biochemical indexes between two groups at weeks 4 and 8. Conclusion PGD can improve symptoms of hyperprolactinemia and hormone levels in women with schizophrenia caused by Amisulpride, without affecting their mental symptoms and biochemical indexes.
Further mortality experience among Japanese Americans.

MORTALITY experience of the Japanese, whether resident in Japan, Hawaii, or the continental United States, has differed from that of white persons in the United States in a number of respects (1). Differences in cardio¬ vascular mortality were especially striking. Japanese had lower death rates for diseases of the heart than did white Americans, but higher rates for vascular lesions affecting the central