Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmon lice dispersion in a northern Norwegian fjord system and the impact of vertical movements

The abundance and distribution of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmons originating from fish farms in a northern Norwegian fjord during the summer of 2010 was investigated by means of a numerical model, underpinned by field observations. In order to evaluate the robust- ness of the simulated distribution of the lice, we re-ran the simulation several times, changing the vertical responses of the lice to environmental cues such as light and turbulence, in addition to altering their vertical swimming velocity. The model was able to realistically reproduce the observed currents and stratification in the region. The simulated distribution of lice was not sensi- tive to different implementations of surface light nor to the light sensitivity level of the lice. How- ever, the vertical swimming velocity and a mixing parameter influenced both their vertical distri- bution and horizontal dispersion. The aggregation of lice along land was influenced by their response to turbulent water. The simulated infectious stages of the lice were transported on aver- age 20 to 45 km from their release site. The simulated concentrations of infectious lice varied in synchronisation with lice infestations observed on wild fish in the area. Less than 1% of the simu- lated lice reached a farm site. The ratio between internal and external exposure ranged from 7 to 57%. Farms in the north of the fjord system were more exposed to lice released in the south than vice versa.
Financial Globalization and the Governance of Domestic Financial Intermediaries

We model an economy in which domestic banks and firms face incentive constraints, as in Holmstrom and Tirole (1997). Firms borrow from banks and uninformed investors, and can collude with banks to reduce the intensity of monitoring. We study the general equilibrium effects of capital flows (portfolio investments and loans, FDI) on the governance of domestic banks. We find that liberalization of capital flows may deteriorate the governance of the domestic financial system by increasing firms' incentives to collude with banks, with negative effects on productivity. We also show that systemic bailout guarantees increase the risks of collusion.
PACLOBUTRAZOL MEDIATED ENHANCED MULTIPLICATION OF MUSA PARADISIACA LINN. CV. POOVAN (AAB).

Anjana R.G. Nair 1 , P. Ravichandran 2 and M. Bejoy 1 . 1. Tissue Culture Unit, Plant Genetic Resource Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India. 2. Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012 Tamil Nadu, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Why swimming is just as difficult as dying for Japanese learners of English

both Japanese and English have a grammatic al form denoting the progressive, the two forms (te-iru & be+ing) interact differently with the inherent semantics of the verb to which they attach (Kindaichi, 1950; McClure, 1995; Shirai, 2000). Japanese change of state verbs are incompatible with a progressive interpretation, allowing only a resultative interpretation of V+ te-iru, while a progressive interpretation is preferred for activity predicates. English be+ing denotes a progressive interpretation regardless of the lexical semantics of the verb. The question that arises is how we can account for the fact that change of state verbs like dying can denote a progressive interpretation in English, but not in Japanese. While researchers such as Kageyama (1996) and Ogihara (1998, 1999) propose that the difference lies in the lexical semantics of the verbs themselves, others such as McClure (1995) have argued that the difference lies in the semantics of the grammatical forms, be+ing and te-iru. We present results from an experimental study of Japanese learners' interpretation of the English progressive which provide support for McClure's proposal. Results indicate that independent of verb type, learners had significantly more difficulty with the past progressive. We argue that knowledge of L2 semantics-syntax correspondences proceeds not on the basis of L1 lexical semantic knowledge, but on the basis of grammatical forms.
Interaction of subgrade resistance and dimensions of asphalt pavement surface cracks on propagation of secondary distresses

Reactions created in road construction and secondary distresses made in pavement are dependent on dimensions and geometry of cracks, resistance of subgrade and existing pavement layers. Thus, this essay assessed the effect of changes in crack’s geometry and also the amount of subgrade resistance on settlement in the cracking place. Since pavement layers thickness has a drastic effect on the resistance of the layers, cracks propagation and secondary distresses, in this essay, different types of strong, semi-strong, and weak pavements have been considered according to combination of different thicknesses for the pavement layers which are respectively wearing layer with the thickness of 5, 10, 20 centimeters, base course with thickness of 10, 20, 40 centimeters and sub base with thickness of 15, 30 and 60 centimeter. Also, as pavement can be constructed in grounds with different resistance and so subgrade resistance has an important role in pavement settlement and distresses, in this essay, subgrade have been studied in three types of dense sand (strong soil), fine sand (semi-strong soil), and soft clay (weak soil) with different geotechnical properties. So, for preventing the mentioned problems, layers’ behavioral properties are considered as Mohr Coulomb-plastic and by three-dimensional modeling with finite element software of ABAQUS, we studied the degree of subgrade and cracked pavement surface settlement with different forms of cracking in different types of pavement and subgrade situations, like different thickness and behavioral properties. Then, to check results and validating software, by field observation, level of settlement in different cracking places was gathered and compared to the numerical results of the software. Results of finite element software show that by 25% increase in crack opening, the level of settlement of the surface layer and the surface of subgrade would increase by 49% and 38% respectively. Also the level of the surface and subgrade settlement would rise by increase in crack depth; and the measurements for 25% increase in crack depth are 16% for surface and 13% for subgrade. In addition, by increasing in the width of crack in soils with different resistance, width line slope of crack-settlement in weak soil would be about triple compared to strong soil, and by increase in depth of crack in soils with different resistance, depth line slope of crack-settlement in weak soil would be about twice compared to strong soil. By the use of probabilistic analysis, It was determined that in 95% confidence interval, cracking on deformation of surface and subgrade, is significantly under the influence of subgrade type and as the subgrade weakens, the amount of deformation will increase more.
Synthesizing Law for Synthetic Biology

In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech more than half a century ago, Edward L. Tatum suggested an ambitious new goal for biology: "not only to avoid structural and metabolic errors in the developing organism, but also to produce better organisms. " Synthetic biology aims to effect such a paradigm shift in the biological sciences by marrying approaches from engineering and computer science to an expanding array of standardized biological parts and sophisticated biological methods. By importing engineering principles, such as standardization, decoupling, and abstraction, into the biological sciences, synthetic biology may transform biology into a field in which it is routine to design and construct genes, gene combinations, genomes, proteins, metabolic pathways, cells, viruses, and whole organisms rapidly, inexpensively, and easily. Already, a number of institutions have helped synthetic biology achieve considerable success, both in terms of science and public awareness. The BioBricks Foundation (BBF) and the Registry of Standard Biological Parts have successfully built a collection of thousands of standard DNA parts (BioBricks), which can be combined in a manner analogous to Lego® bricks, or even modified into new BioBricks, and the International Genetically Modified Machine (iGEM) competition has attracted participation from thousands of contestants and hundreds of teams from dozens of countries. While the ethos of openness that pervades synthetic biology promises a democratization of biology, significant challenges to its openness still exist. The proprietary restrictions imposed by “closed” intellectual property - chiefly patents - create legal risk and uncertainty. Ironically, synthetic DNA sequences are likely more easily patentable and copyrightable than are DNA sequences derived from natural sources, thus creating the possibility that synthetic biology may increase, rather than decrease, the potential for intellectual property restrictions. Furthermore, concerns about bioethics, biosafety, and biosecurity may be exacerbated by democratized and open innovation of, and access to, the products and methods of synthetic biology. To this end, the BBF has developed a licensing framework, the BioBrick Agreement, that might govern legal relationships between the BBF, BioBricks contributors, and BioBricks users. An agreement like the BioBrick Agreement has the potential to be more than a mere license. In fact, like a constitution, it could help define some of the foundational values and principles that synthetic biology might espouse to ensure that its societal contributions prove beneficial to a degree commensurate with its scientific potential.
Expanding Biodiversity Conservation Beyond the Official Mandate of the Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve of South Africa: qualitative assessment based on Nqabara administrative area

This paper addresses the problem of extending biodiversity conservation onto the communal lands of the Dwesa-Cwebe conservation area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, by investigating the conditions that must be fulfilled for any success to be registered. These conditions were derived based on a qualitative survey conducted in the Nqabara Administrative Area. The study developed a conceptual framework to unravel the complex nature of the whole community conservation initiative. A focus group discussion was adopted as the data collection method; and the underlying factors that have contributed to the success of the initiative in the Nqabara Administrative Area were identified. Appropriate coding was assigned to each distinct and major factor for proper presentation of the results and observations were appropriately indicated to buffer the explanation of the achieved results. Recommendations were subsequently made for the Dwesa-Cwebe in terms of the decision-making instruments that demand critical consideration for any successful community biodiversity conservation to be achieved.
The Supratrochlear Foramen of the Humerus: Implications for Intramedullary nailing in distal Humerus

Supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an important anatomical variation resulting from perforation of Olecrano- Coranoid septum. In spite of high incidence of STF in Nigerians, there is paucity of literature on STF morphometry and clinical implications.65 dried humeri of unknown sex and age were collected from bone bank of Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan. The dimensions of STF were taken using the digital vernier calliper. The STF was seen in 27.7% of total humeri occurring more frequently on the left side. The commonest shape is oval while the least is triangular. The radiolucency of bones without STF was determined using X-ray. The STF is an important single factor which determines the route and mode of insertion of intramedullary nail during the management of supracondylar fractures. Keywords : Humerus, supratrochlear foramen, intramedullary nailing.
Experimental Study on Thermal Breakage of Four-Point Fixed Glass Façade

As the weakest part of building facades, glass panels can easily break in fires and change the compartment fire dynamics by creating new openings for air to enter. A series of full scale tests were conducted to investigate the thermal breakage and fallout of four-point fixed glass facades, in which glass panes of 1200 × 1200 × 6 (mm 3 ) were placed at 35, 45, 50 and 70 (cm) away from n-heptane pool fires on a 500 × 500 (mm 2 ) square pan. Both float and toughened glasses were investigated. The glass surface temperature, gas temperature at the centre of the exposed side and heat release rate were measured and analyzed. The cracking patterns and glass fallout processes were recorded by digital camera. It is found that all the cracks initiated from the fixed point and their intersections formed islands to cause glass pieces fallout when the exposed side reached around 200-300 °C for the float glasses tested. The fallout fractions suggest that once the first crack is initiated, the point-supported glass panes are much more easily to fallout than edge covered glasses. The toughened glass panes were found to be softened by the fire and bent, but they did not crack even when the fire directly impinged on them.
Formation of canker lesions on stems and black scurf on tubers in experimentally inoculated potato plants by isolates of AG2-1, AG3 and AG5 of Rhizoctonia solani: a pilot study and literature review

Development of black scurf on potato tubers (cv. Nicola) was compared in plants inoculated with isolates of Rhizoctonia solani of three anastomosis groups (AG2-1, AG3 and AG5) which occur in potato crops in Finland. All isolates induced stem canker lesions but only isolates of AG3 formed efficiently black scurf on progeny tubers. Among the AG2-1 and AG5 isolates tested, only one AG2-1 isolate formed a few sclerotia on 13.5 % of the progeny tubers in one experiment. The data indicate that isolates of AG3 differ from those of AG2-1 and AG5 in having a higher ability to form sclerotia on tubers. Therefore, while AG2-1 and AG5 isolates have a broader host range, AG3 is more efficient in producing black scurf, which provides this anastomosis group with more efficient means of dissemination on seed potatoes. These differences probably explain the predominance of AG3 (98.9 % of isolates) in potato crops in Finland and other northern potato production areas.
Can Regulation Improve Service Quality? Evidence from European Air Passenger Rights

Under EU Air Passenger Rights legislation (“EC261�? ), carriers must provide assistance and cash compensation to passengers in case of long delay. We study whether the regulation reduces flight delay. EC261 applies uniformly to flights departing from the EU, but covers only EU carriers on EU–bound flights. Exploiting this variation, we find that regulated flights are 5% more likely to arrive on time, and mean arrival delay is reduced by almost four minutes. The effect is strongest on routes with little competition, and for legacy carriers. Thus, consumer rights can improve quality when incentives from competition are weak.
Phenology of Eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and chrysomelid beetles in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in south‐western Australia

1 In south‐western Australia, Eucalyptus globulus plantations are defoliated by a complex of beetle species, yet only scant information exists on these species under such climatic conditions. To improve management of these defoliating beetles in the region, canopy fogging and shoot clipping were conducted in plantations between 1999 and 2002 to identify and document the phenology of the beetle species present.
Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Determinants Among Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)-Producing Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Aleppo, Syria

Background: Recently, several plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes conferring low levels of quinolone resistance have been discovered. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in a collection of ESBL-producing isolates of E. coli and K. pneumonia in Aleppo, Syria. Materials and Methods: Here, to evaluate the prevalence of PMQR genes at Aleppo University hospitals in Syria, 123 extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from the hospitals were selected for screening based on ciprofloxacin resistance. Five PMQR genes [qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac (6’)-Ib, and qepA] were screened by simplex PCR, and the aac (6’)-Ib-positive PCR products were digested with BtsCI to detect the aac (6’)-Ib-cr variant. Results: Of the 123 isolates, 103 (83.73%) had one of the five PMQR genes, including 83 (83.83%) of the 99 E. coli strains and 20 (86.95%) of the 23 K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusions: The most common qnr gene was qnrB, and none of the isolates carried qnrA or qepA. The aac (6’)-Ib-cr variant was the most prevalent PMQR gene, and it was associated with the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance in our ESBL-producing isolates.
Flows of communication and 'influentials' in Twitter: A comparative approach between Portugal and Spain during 2014 European Elections

The research about the concept of influence on Twitter is still underdeveloped. This work is a theoretical and empirical approach on how politicians are engaging with citizens and/or journalists, and how these social conversations are framed under specific topics and users. The idea of new influentials on political communication in the new media ecosystem, as some studies found (Dang-Xuan et al, 2013), can offer empirical pursuit of the suggested ‘two-step flow model’ as applied to the agenda-setting process (Weimann et al., 2007) in the case of the microblogging for campaigning online. Following the recent research about how politicians try to reach their potential audience (Vaccari and Valeriani, 2013; 2013a), this paper analyses the social conversations on Twitter driven by politicians, the main topics in these political conversations and the kind of flows of communication (direct or indirect) between politicians, journalists and citizens. This research explores the differences and similarities about influence on Twitter during European elections in two countries with similar political and economic contexts: Portugal and Spain.
Generic Hopf–Neĭmark–Sacker bifurcations in feed-forward systems

We show that generic Hopf–Neĭmark–Sacker bifurcations occur in the dynamics of a large class of feed-forward coupled cell networks. To this end we present a framework for studying such bifurcations in parametrized families of perturbed forced oscillators near weak resonance points. Our approach is based on fine-tuning existing normal form techniques. We then apply this framework to show that certain cells in the feed-forward networks exhibit this forced oscillator dynamics and, hence, undergo generic Hopf–Neĭmark–Sacker bifurcations. These bifurcations correspond to the occurrence of resonance tongues in parameter space with a ‘standard’ geometry.
The nature and causes of attrition in the British Household Panel Study

Panel attrition is a process producing data absent from panel records due to survey non-participation or other data unavailability. I examine the nature and causes of attrition resulting from non-contact and survey refusal in the British Household Panel Study. Focusing on non-response transitions amongst Wave 1 respondents using discrete time transition models, I locate attrition at first non-response over the first 14 waves. Physical impediments to contact, less time spent at home and high likelihood of geographic mobility are predictive of subsequent non-contact. Refusals most often result from lack of interest in the survey and general low motivation to participate.
Estimation of Smoothing Constant of Minimum Variance and its Application to Industrial Data

Focusing on the exponential smoothing method equivalent to (1, 1) order ARMA model equation, a new method of estimating smoothing constant using exponential smoothing method is proposed. This study goes beyond the usual method of arbitrarily selecting a smoothing constant. First, an estimation of the ARMA model parameter was made and then, the smoothing constants. The empirical example shows that the theoretical solution satisfies minimum variance of forecasting error. The new method was also applied to the stock market price of electrical machinery industry (6 major companies in Japan) and forecasting was accomplished. Comparing the results of the two methods, the new method appears to be better than the ARIMA model. The result of the new method is apparently good in 4 company data and is nearly the same in 2 company data. The example provided shows that the new method is much simpler to handle than ARIMA model. Therefore, the proposed method would be better in these general cases. The effectiveness of this method should be examined in various cases.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE CROP IN DISTRICT CHARSADDA

A study was conducted during 2008 to make economic analysis of sugarcane crop in district Charsadda. The study was based on primary data collected from randomly selected five villages namely Dargai, Mani Khela, Sapula Khile, Qalat Naseer and Khule. The data were collected through structured questionnaire using a sample size of 50 farmers, allocating proportionally to these villages. The results reveled that the socio-economic variables like capital employment, labor employment, marketing, credit and financing and sources of income were moreclosely related with sugarcane production. The major economic practices were;preparation of land, water management, weed control, insecticides and making of black sugar (Gur). Main sugarcane varieties grown were 77/400,44,Mardan-92, 48, 310 and 722082. Variety 77/400 was observed as the most profitable variety. The average per acre cost was calculated asRs. 35450 for all varieties. The major cost elements were;land rent, labor input, seed, manure, irrigation, land preparation, fertilizer, hand weeding and making of black sugar (Gur). The net revenue of variety-77/400, 44, Mardan-92, 48, 310 and 722082 were observed as Rs. 54550, 48550, 48550, 45550, 48550 and 45550, respectively. Sugarcane crop was characterized by increasing returns to scale. It is recommended that modern techniques should be adopted for making Gur. Awareness among sugarcane growers about improved varieties should be created.