Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Megalaw in the U.K.: Professionalism or Corporatism? A Preliminary Report

* Assistant Professor of Law and Criminal Justice, Indiana University School of Lawat Bloomington. Ph.D., 1987, Northwestern University; LL.M., 1980, Yale University;LL.M., 1978, Warwick University; LL.B., 1975, London School of Economics.I would like to thank Bryant Garth for his comments on an earlier draft, and alsoJonathan M. Lewis of DJ Freeman & Co. who prevented me from incuding too manyerrors. I gratefully acknowledge Kunyang Norbu's patience in typing and retyping drafts ofthis article. And I am grateful to Annette Fancher for her sterling work in editing andresearching.I am indebted to both Indiana University for granting me a summer faculty fellowshipand to the Center for the Study of Law and Society, Indiana University, for researchassistance which allowed me to conduct the fieldwork for the article.I would also like to thank the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economicsfor inviting me to be an Academic Visitor during 1988.Peter Berryman of Cummins Engine Company kindly eased the fieldwork.And finally, I am most grateful to those solicitors, accountants and others who allowedme to interview them.1. The AM LAW 100: Pullout Management Report, AM. LAW. , July-Aug., at 36.
NATIVE AND ALIEN DECAPODA SPECIES IN HUNGARY:DISTRIBUTION, STATUS, CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE

Three native (Astacus astacus, Astacus leptodactylus, Austropotamobius torrentium) and three alien (Orconectes limosus, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Eriocheir sinensis) Decapoda species have been found in Hungary so far. A. astacus is the most widespread Decapoda species in Hungary. A. leptodactylus might be considered as the least studied. The distribution of A. torrentium in Hungary is restricted to mountain streams with occasional data on its presence in the adjacent section of the River Danube. The indigenous species A. torrentium and, especially A. astacus, are declining while A. leptodactylus seems to have stable populations. The detection of alien species accelerated at the turn of the century: O. limosus was found at new sites, P. leniusculus was first recorded in the Gyongyosstream near the Austrian border in 2000, E. sinensis in the main arm of the Danube at Budapest in November 2003. As there is a lack of information even on the commonest species, conservation-oriented mapping is necessary to follow the distribution changes of Decapoda in Hungary.
Finding genes for economically important traits: Brahman cattle puberty

Age at puberty is an important component of reproductive performance in beef cattle production systems. Brahman cattle are typically late-pubertal relative to Bos taurus cattle and so it is of economic relevance to select for early age at puberty. To assist selection and elucidate the genes underlying puberty, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the BovineSNP50 chip (similar to 54 000 polymorphisms) in Brahman bulls (n = 1105) and heifers (n = 843) and where the heifers were previously analysed in a different study. In a new attempt to generate unbiased estimates of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects and proportion of variance explained by each SNP, the available data were halved on the basis of year and month of birth into a calibration and validation set. The traits that defined age at puberty were, in heifers, the age at which the first corpus luteum was detected (AGECL, h(2) = 0.56 +/- 0.11) and in bulls, the age at a scrotal circumference of 26 cm (AGE26, h(2) = 0.78 +/- 0.10). At puberty, heifers were on average older (751 +/- 142 days) than bulls (555 +/- 101 days), but AGECL and AGE26 were genetically correlated (r = 0.20 +/- 0.10). There were 134 SNPs associated with AGECL and 146 SNPs associated with AGE26 (P < 0.0001). From these SNPs, 32 (similar to 22%) were associated (P < 0.0001) with both traits. These top 32 SNPs were all located on Chromosome BTA 14, between 21.95 Mb and 28.4 Mb. These results suggest that the genes located in that region of BTA 14 play a role in pubertal development in Brahman cattle. There are many annotated genes underlying this region of BTA 14 and these are the subject of current research. Further, we identified a region on Chromosome X where markers were associated (P < 1.00E-8) with AGE26, but not with AGECL. Information about specific genes and markers add value to our understanding of puberty and potentially contribute to genomic selection. Therefore, identifying these genes contributing to genetic variation in AGECL and AGE26 can assist with the selection for early onset of puberty.
Endothelial lipase gene polymorphisms are associated with serum HDLC levels but not coronary heart disease

Background: The purpose of this study was to confirm the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) variants with coronary heart disease (CHD) and plasma lipid levels. The study also investigated whether LIPG interacts with environmental factors to influence the risk of CHD in Chinese Han population. Methods: 1,514 Chinese Han subjects were recruited. Four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2000813 C>T, rs3786248 A>G, rs9958734 T>C, and rs3786247 A>C) in LIPG were selected from the HapMap website and genotyped using MALDITOF mass spectrometry. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 and SNPStats. Results: SNP rs2000813 was significantly associated with plasma levels of HDL-C (P = 0.035), and carriers of rs2000813 T allele had significantly higher levels of HDL-C than those with rs2000813 CC genotype. No significant differences were observed in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of the four LIPG SNPs between CHD patients and controls. Even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, and lipid profiles, no significant association was found between LIPG SNPs and CHD in inheritance models and allele frequency comparisons. Furthermore, no significant interaction was observed between LIPG polymorphisms and hypertension, smoking, or alcohol drinking on the risk of CHD. Conclusions: Variants in LIPG might influence serum HDL-C levels, but they were not found to increase the risk of CHD in Chinese Han population. Our study did not demonstrate that LIPG variants interact with environmental factors to affect the susceptibility of individuals to CHD.
Segmentation of Highly Vocalic Speech Via Statistical Learning: Initial Results From Danish, Norwegian, and English

Research has shown that contoids (i.e., phonetically-defined consonants) may provide more robust and reliable cues to syllable and word boundaries than vocoids (i.e., phonetically-defined vowels). Recent studies of Danish — a language characterized by frequent long sequences of vocoids in speech — have suggested that the reduced occurrence of contoids may make speech intrinsically harder to segment than in closely related languages, such as Norwegian. In this study, we addressed this hypothesis empirically in an artificial language learning experiment with native speakers of Danish, Norwegian, and English. We tested whether artificial speech consisting of concatenated contoid-vocoid syllables is easier to segment than speech consisting of vocoid-vocoid syllables (where the first segment is a semivowel and the second a full vowel). Contrary to what was expected, we found no effect of the phonetic makeup of the syllables on speech segmentability. Possible interpretations and implications of this result are discussed.
Association of Serum Antibody Levels Following Vaccination with A Modified Live BVDV Vaccine and Protection from Clinical Disease upon Challenge

Two studies were conducted to examine the range of virus neutralizing serum antibody (VNSA) response after vaccination with a modified-live viral vaccine in cattle and the level of protection elicited when subsequently challenged with a highly virulent type 2 BVDV. Study 1 examined responses in colostrum deprived (CD) calves with no passively acquired antibodies whereas Study 2 examined responses in conventionally raised (CR) calves which had varying levels of passive antibodies prior to vaccination. Study 1 used CD calves averaging 120 days of age. For Study 2, calves averaged 130 days of age and were stratified into CR-Low, Mid and High response groups based response to vaccination. Grouping was based on standard deviations from the mean value obtained from ELISA assay and reconfirmed by virus neutralization. Twelve calves, from each Rep in Study 2, were selected to represent low, mid and high response groups (n = 4 calves per group). The VNSA values for the three groups were as follows; CR-Low (titer 1:16). Calves were challenged with a high virulence BVDV2 strain. Samples were collected for both studies on days -2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 13 post challenge to determine levels of circulating white blood cells, virus isolation and levels of BVDV VNSA. While, overt respiratory or enteric disease was not observed in any of the vaccinated calves, clinical symptoms were more likely to be observed in calves with lower BVDV VNSA levels following the BVDV challenge demonstrating significant association between VNSA levels and clinical protection. However, the extent of clinical symptoms including decreases in WBC and pyrexia, were more severe in the non-vaccinated animals which indicates vaccination did provide a level of protection.
Working Memory and Behavioural Problems in Relation to Malay Writing of Primary School Children

Deficit in working memory is common among young children across multiple abilities. Teachers have pointed to poor memory as one contributing factor to inattentiveness and short attention spans as well as some behavioural problems among students. This study aimed to explore the relationship among working memory, externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems and Malay language (writing). A total of 469 children (aged 8 and 11 year-old) and 17 school teachers were involved in the current study. It was found that working memory, externalizing behavioural problems and internalizing behavioural problems played critical roles in affecting the scores of Malay language (writing) at school. Specifically, there were five predictor variables being found in the regression model namely verbal short-term memory, inattention, somatic complaints, visuospatial working memory and aggression. As a whole, the correlation for the fivefactor model yielded a great result of 0.987.
Green's function and anti-holomorphic dynamics on a torus

We give a new, simple proof of the fact recently discovered by C. -S. Lin and C. -L. Wang that the Green function of a torus has either three or five critical points, depending on the modulus of the torus. The proof uses anti-holomorphic dynamics. As a byproduct we find a one-parametric family of anti-holomorphic dynamical systems for which the parameter space consists only of hyperbolic components and analytic curves separating them.
The gas-to-dust mass ratio of Centaurus A as seen by Herschel

We present photometry of the nearby galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) observed with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) instruments on board the Herschel Space Observatory, at 70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 mu m, as well as new CO J= 32 observations taken with the HARP-B instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Using a single-component modified blackbody, we model the dust spectral energy distribution within the disc of the galaxy using all five Herschel wavebands and find dust temperatures of similar to 30 K towards the centre of the disc and a smoothly decreasing trend to similar to 20 K with increasing radius. We find a total dust mass of (1.59 +/- 0.05) x 107 M? and a total gas mass of (2.7 +/- 0.2) x 109 M? The average gas-to-dust mass ratio is 103 +/- 8, but we find an interesting increase in this ratio to approximately 275 towards the centre of Cen A. We discuss several possible physical processes that may be causing this effect, including dust sputtering, jet entrainment and systematic variables such as the XCO factor. Dust sputtering by X-rays originating in the active galactic nucleus or the removal of dust by the jets is our most favoured explanation.
Real-time dense map fusion for stereo SLAM

SUMMARY A robot should be able to estimate an accurate and dense 3D model of its environment (a map), along with its pose relative to it, all of it in real time, in order to be able to navigate autonomously without collisions. As the robot moves from its starting position and the estimated map grows, the computational and memory footprint of a dense 3D map increases and might exceed the robot capabilities in a short time. However, a global map is still needed to maintain its consistency and plan for distant goals, possibly out of the robot field of view. In this work, we address such problem by proposing a real-time stereo mapping pipeline, feasible for standard CPUs, which is locally dense and globally sparse and accurate. Our algorithm is based on a graph relating poses and salient visual points, in order to maintain a long-term accuracy with a small cost. Within such framework, we propose an efficient dense fusion of several stereo depths in the locality of the current robot pose. We evaluate the performance and the accuracy of our algorithm in the public datasets of Tsukuba and KITTI, and demonstrate that it outperforms single-view stereo depth. We release the code as open-source, in order to facilitate the system use and comparisons.
Assessing Linkages between E. coli Levels in Streambed Sediment and Overlying Water in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa during the First Heavy Rain Event of the Season

Abstract. This study involved field observations in Squaw Creek watershed, located in central Iowa, to investigate the impact of a heavy rain event (rainfall of 71 mm in 24 h) on E. coli levels in the streambed sediment and overlying water. We assessed relationships between streamflow and E. coli and nutrient levels in the water column and streambed sediment. The results showed that during a heavy rain event, E. coli levels in the water column varied considerably, ranging from 360 to 37,553 CFU per 100 mL with a mean of 7,598 CFU per 100 mL. Elevated streamflow resulted in greater levels of E. coli in the water column. Streambed sediment E. coli levels ranged from 896 to 6,577 CFU per 100 g with a mean of 3,355 CFU per 100 g. Regression analysis found exponential relationships between streamflow and E. coli levels in the water column (R 2 = 0.56) and between streamflow and E. coli levels in the streambed sediment (R 2 = 0.45). R 2 values of the exponential relationship between streamflow and water column E. coli levels increased considerably when regressions for the rising and falling limbs of the hydrograph were performed separately (R 2 = 0.64 and 0.94, respectively). The exponential relationship between total suspended solids (TSS) and water column E. coli levels yielded an R 2 of 0.38, while TSS and streamflow yielded an exponential relationship with an R 2 of 0.64. The results presented here provide information on in-stream bacteria dynamics of an agricultural watershed during the first heavy rain of the season. We anticipate that the results will improve the understanding of in-stream E. coli transport during rain events and provide insight for policy makers to allocate E. coli loads in impaired water bodies.
Subgingival Microbiota of an Indigenous Mexican Population with Chronic Periodontitis and T2DM

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Non-T2DM: Non Diabetic; PH: Periodontal Health; CP: Chronic Periodontitis; OI: Otomi Indians; AL: Attachment Level; PD: Pocket Depth; PLA: Plaque Accumulation; GE: Gingival Erythema; BOP: Bleeding on Probing; SUP: Suppuration; BCD: Blood Chemistry Data; BMI: Body Mass Index; HbA1c: Glycated Hemoglobin; TL: Total Lipids; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total Cholesterol; HDL: High Density Lipoprotein; LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein; UG: Ungrouped; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; SEM: Standard Error of the Mean; NS: Not Significant; UNAM: National Autonomous University of Mexico; UAEH: Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo
Comatose patients in the non-traumatic emergency room : clinical findings, etiologies and prognosis

A reduced level of consciousness is an acute and life threatening condition that requires a rapid and structured management in order to maintain life and brain function. Unconscious patients admitted to the non-traumatic emergency room thus present a major challenge to physicians. The scientific knowledge in the field is limited. The aims of this thesis were to improve the knowledge of underlying etiologies to coma and their short and long term prognosis, and to search for clinical tools to facilitate the diagnostic procedure. The findings reported in this thesis are mainly based on a cohort of prospectively included patients admitted unconscious to hospital during the years 2003-2005. A complementary cohort consists of poisoned patients consecutively admitted to hospital during the years 2009 through 2010. Poisoning was the most common cause of unconsciousness in the non-surgical emergency room (38%) and young age was a strong predictor of this condition (80% of the comatose patients with an age below 40 consisted of poisonings). Around one third of all hospitalized poisonings had a pronounced central nervous system depression on admission. The mortality rate among poisonings presenting unresponsive was found to be at least five times higher than the overall mortality from acute poisoning. The acute prognosis in patients presenting comatose to the emergency room was shown to be serious and dependent on both coma etiology and depth of coma. The overall hospital mortality was 26.5%. Long term prognosis among he hospital survivors was strongly correlated to the coma etiology, with 2-year mortality rates ranging from 11.5% for poisonings to 83% for malignancies, but was not influenced by the initial Glasgow coma scale score. Overall, the prognosis was much more favourable for the coma etiologies poisoning and epilepsy. A composite of age, systolic blood pressure and results of a routine neurological examination could be shown to validly discriminate between the two underlying causes of consciousness disturbances, namely those of metabolic or focal origin. From the data obtained, the following diagnostic algorithm may be formulated: If a patient is younger than 51 years of age, and his or hers systolic blood pressure on admission is below 151 mm Hg, and no neurological findings indicative of a discrete lesion within the central nervous system is present, then the statistical probability of an underlying metabolic coma is 96%. If the algorithm presented above were to be applied routinely in the emergency room, the numbers of emergency CT scans could be considerably reduced. Consequently, other potentially life saving procedures would achieve a higher priority in the emergency room.
A Study of Prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormones, Malondialdehyde and Ceruloplasmin Levels in Infertile Women, in Thi-Qar Governorate/Iraq..

OBJECTIVES : The study designed to investigate the level of prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormones, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) levelsof the groups of infertile and fertile females in Nasiriyah province, southern Iraq. METHODOLOGY: Blood samples were collected from two groups of females (females with infertility and fertile women) with a total number of 99 infertile women and 70 fertile females at Bent Al-Huda maternity and children teaching hospital in Thi-Qar governorate. Autoanalyzercobas e411 instrument was used to estimate of prolactin, Thyroid-stimulating hormones and Ceruloplasmin levels in sera of patients and control group using Elecsys and cobas immunoassay analyzers. The MDA level of the serum was measured by the modified method of Fong et al. (1973). The concentration of plasma MDA was computed according to the equation of coefficient of MDA equal to 1.56 x10 3 mol -1 . cm -1 . RESULTS: Prolactin and TSH levels were significantly increased (p< 0.0001) in infertile females as compared to fertile women. A similar pattern was observed to concentrations of MDA and Ceruloplasmin were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in patients when compared to control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that oxidative stress does occur in infertile females. Patients with infertility showed are higher significant rise in serum Prolactin hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in infertility patient group. All the patients with a high Prolactin level should have TSH estimation.
Using simulations to evaluate reconstructions of sea lion diet from scat

Models used to describe pinniped diet can provide very different composition estimates. Occurrence indices as well as biomass reconstruction models (which use estimates of the number and sizes of prey consumed) are commonly used and increasingly utilize a variety of fish hard remains (bones) found in scats. However, the importance of any single fish can be overestimated if its bones are deposited in a succession of scats assumed to be from different fish. Similarly, the importance of a species will be underestimated relative to other species if the bones of one species are more fragile and are completely digested or if bones from different fish of the same species are contained in a single scat and assumed to be from a single fish. Species differences in the proportion of fish bones that survive digestion can be assessed from captive feeding studies where the number and species of prey consumed is known. Numerical correction factors can be calculated to take into account the levels of complete digestion. We performed computer simulations using data from captive feeding studies to investigate levels and sources of error in reconstructing simulated mixed species diets. Our simulations used different combinations of hard remains, were conducted both with and Sea Lions of the World 205 Alaska Sea Grant College Program • AK-SG-06-01, 2006
A Comparative Study of Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Levels of Grades 10-12 Students at Thai Christian School Before and After Supplemental Practice Use of The Mathematics E-Learning Application Website Khan Academy

The purpose of this study was to determine if students’ mathematics selfefficacy could be increased and their mathematics anxiety could be reduced by adding supplemental mathematics practice using the internet-based website Khan Academy to increase mastery experiences in solving mathematics problems. The study focused on 156 Grades 10-12 students at Thai Christian School in Bangkok. A research experiment was conducted during the course of the second semester of the 2016 school year based on Bandura (1977) sources of self-efficacy (mastery experience, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, psychological factors). During the experiment, the students received weekly supplemental mathematics practice by homework recommendations from the researcher sent using the Khan Academy website. A comparison was made between the students’ mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety before and after the research experiment and after the research experiment. The research included four objectives. Objectives one and two were to determine students’ mathematics self-efficacy levels and mathematics anxiety levels at the beginning and end of the research experiment. Objectives three and four were to determine if a significant increase in mathematics self-efficacy and a significant reduction in mathematics anxiety could be achieved through the addition of supplemental mathematics exercises using the mathematics e-learning website Khan Academy. The major findings in this research were that the average students’ mathematics self-efficacy increased, and the average students’ mathematics anxiety was reduced in all three-program emphasis (mathematics science, mathematicsEnglish, English-Chinese). Overall Mathematics self-efficacy increased significantly for the entire sample and mathematics anxiety reduced significantly for the entire sample.