Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Self-Efficacy for Coping With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Background: Self-efficacy is a psychological source for helping patients adjust with breast cancer. The aim of the present review was to synthesize the studies on self-efficacy of women with breast cancer, to determine important factors affecting the perception of self-efficacy in breast cancer as well as to describe the role of self-efficacy in the breast cancer.Methods: "Self-Efficacy (SE), Cancer-Related Self-Efficacy, Symptom-Management Self-Efficacy, Women, Breast Cancer, and Breast Neoplasms" , as keywords, were searched in PubMed, CINAHL, OVID, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2016. We included only original articles published in English language, measuring self-efficacy in women with breast cancer.Results: Twenty-four articles were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. The results of this review revealed that demographic variables, breast cancer diagnosis and type of treatment, bio-psycho-socio-spiritual status, and physician-patient relationship affect cancer specific SE. SE impacts on physical and mental health, pain management, quality of life, body image, clinician-patient communication, and health information seeking behavior.Conclusions: This review showed that breast cancer self-efficacy is a critical component for enhancement of goal-directed behaviors in patients and it should be supported by health care providers and family members. Findings of this review has some limitations, since great amount of findings were based on cross sectional data. Further research is needed to examine the impacts of breast cancer self-efficacy on health-related variables.
Photosynthesis and sugar concentration are impaired by the defective active silicon uptake in rice plants infected with Bipolaris oryzae

The effect of soluble silicon (Si) on photosynthetic parameters and soluble sugar concentrations was determined in leaves of rice cv. Oochikara and mutant plants of Oochikara defective in active Si uptake [low silicon 1 (lsi1)]. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture amended with 0 ()Si) or 2 mM Si (+Si), under either low or high photon flux density (PFD) and with or without inoculation with Bipolaris oryzae, the causal agent of brown spot of rice. Leaf Si concentration increased by 141 and 435% in +Si cv. Oochikara and by 119 and 251% in +Si lsi1 mutant plants under high and low PFD, respectively, compared with )Si plants. Plant biomass accumulation was improved by Si regardless of PFD, especially plants for cv. Oochikara. Brown spot severity was highest in )Si plants for cv. Oochikara and lsi1 mutant plants under low PFD. In the presence of Si, disease severity in plants grown under both low and high PFD was reduced, except for lsi1 mutant plants under high PFD. Plant inoculation reduced the photosynthetic parameters measured regardless of plant material or Si supply. A decrease of net carbon assimilation rate (A) of inoculated plants under low PFD compared with non-inoculated plants was associated with damage in the photosynthetic apparatus, except for +Si cv. Oochikara in which stomatal restriction [low water vapour conductance (gs)] contributed to A reduction. Under high PFD, damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of inoculated plants was the main reason for the reduction in A for +Si and )Si lsi1 mutant plants. In addition, for )Si cv. Oochikara, a reduction in gs contributed to reduced A. However, for +Si cv. Oochikara, gs was the limiting factor for A. Inoculated plants of +Si cv. Oochikara had higher A values than +Si lsi1 mutant plants, regardless of environmental conditions. Soluble sugars were not detected in leaf tissues of plants under low PFD. For high PFD, Si improved the hexose concentration in non-inoculated plants at 144 h after inoculation (hai) for lsi1 mutant plants and from 96 hai onwards for cv. Oochikara compared with )Si plants. However, plant inoculation reduced hexose concentration compared with non-inoculated plants, mainly in +Si plants, regardless of plant material. Sucrose concentration increased in leaves of cv. Oochikara in the presence of Si whether inoculated or not. For +Si lsi1 mutant plants, sucrose concentration increased only at 48 hai compared with )Si plants, whether inoculated or not. The results of this study show that a minimum Si concentration is needed in leaf tissues of rice plants to avoid the negative impact of B. oryzae infection on photosynthesis and sugar concentration. High leaf Si concentration resulted in an increased soluble sugar concentration and together, but in independent ways, soluble sugar and Si reduced brown spot severity of rice.
VLT-SINFONI integral field spectroscopy of low-z luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies I. Atlas of the 2D gas structure

We present an atlas of a sample of local (z < 0.1) LIRGs (10) and ULIRGs (7) covering the luminosity range log(LIR/L� ) = 11.1−12.4. The atlas is based on near-infrared H (1.45−1.85 μm) and K-band (1.95−2.45 μm) VLT-SINFONI integral field spectroscopy (IFS). The atlas presents the ionised, partially ionised, and warm molecular gas two-dimensional flux distributions and kinematics over an FoV of ∼3 × 3 kpc (LIRGs) and ∼12 × 12 kpc (ULIRGs) and with average linear resolutions of ∼0.2 kpc and ∼0.9 kpc, respectively. The different phases of the gas show a wide morphological variety with the nucleus as the brightest Brγ source for ∼33% of the LIRGs and ∼71% of the ULIRGs, whereas all the LIRGs and ULIRGs have their maximum H2 emission in their nuclear regions. In LIRGs, the ionised gas distribution is dominated by the emission from the star-forming rings or giant HII regions in the spiral arms. The Brγ and [FeII] line at 1.644 μm trace the same structures, although the emission peaks at different locations in some of the objects, and the [FeII] seems to be more extended and diffuse. The ULIRG subsample is at larger distances and contains mainly pre-coalescence interacting systems. Although the peaks of the molecular gas emission and the continuum coincide in ∼71% of the ULIRGs, regions with intense Paα (Brγ) emission tracing luminous star-forming regions located at distances of 2−4 kpc away from the nucleus are also detected, usually associated with secondary nuclei or tidal tails. LIRGs have mean observed (i.e. uncorrected for internal extinction) .
Rise and shine: Recovery experiences of workaholic and nonworkaholic employees

Due to their excessive drive to work hard, workaholics may face difficulties with recovering from work. The present study examines the role of negative emotions in recovery from work among a selected group of workaholics and nonworkaholics. Data were collected among 118 employees who completed a survey and participated in a 5-day diary study. Based on Effort-Recovery theory, we expected and found that negative emotions at the end of the workday hamper employees' recovery during the evening. Interestingly, this effect was stronger for workaholics than for nonworkaholics. It was also found that workaholics spend more time on work-related activities during the evening than nonworkaholics when feeling negative emotions at the end of the workday. Finally, it was expected and found that a lack of recovery experiences during the evening influences negative and positive emotions the next morning. Together, these findings suggest that, especially for workaholics, negative emotions play a crucial role in recovery from work. This insight may contribute to the design of interventions that stimulate recovery from work for workaholics.
Temperature-Dependent Development of the Koinobiont Endoparasitoid Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Effect of Host Instar

Abstract The main effects and interactions between temperature and host instar on development and survival of Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of many pyralid (Lepidotera: Pyralidae) larvae, were studied under laboratory conditions. The duration of development in Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae of second, third, fourth and fifth instar and at seven constant temperatures (15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 31, and 32°C) was measured. Development time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range 15–30°C. When parasitism took place on second instar hosts the parasitoid development took significantly longer compared with other instars. Differences among third, fourth and fifth instar proved to be insignificant. Thermal requirements of development (developmental thresholds, thermal constant, optimum temperature) of V. canescens in each host instar were estimated with application of a linear and one nonlinear model (Logan I). Upper and lower developmental thresholds ranged between 36.01–36.41 and 10.86–11.37°C, respectively. Optimum temperature for development was estimated at between 30.59–30.81°C. All above-mentioned parameters did not vary significantly with host instar. The thermal constant decreased with host instar at parasitism and ranged between 370.4 and 555.6 d-degrees. Immatures’ survival peaked at 30°C and was higher in older instars (third-fifth).
Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus diet in an area recently colonized in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula / Dieta de l'Esparver d'espatlles negres Elanus caeruleus en una regió de recent colonització al nord-est de la península Ibèrica

The diet of the Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus is analysed in a recently colonized area in Catalonia, NE Spain. Results are based on the analysis of 342 pellets collected in the period after fledging at four nest sites in western Catalonia, in 1998, 1999, 2003 and 2004. Altogether 512 prey items were identified. The results show a diet based on small mammals, mainly voles and mice, which account for 64.4-95.3% of prey. Nonetheless, birds, mainly passeriformes, amount to as much as 4.8-30.3% of prey. The number of fledglings per nest was found to be positively correlated with the percentage of voles in the diet, supporting the idea of high vole specialization by this kite in southern Europe
Residual feed intake and relationships with performance of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, efficiency parameters and phenotypic correlations among measurements of energy efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight and classified according to residual feed intake, calculated by the difference between observed and predicted intake, based on average metabolic body weight and average daily gain. Thus, animals were classified within three groups: high (> mean + 0.5 standard deviation, less efficient); medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean); and low (< mean - 0.5 standard deviation, more efficient) residual feed intake. No differences were observed at initial and final body weights, average daily gain and dry matter intake among groups. Animals with low residual feed intake also had greater feed efficiency, feed conversion and partial efficiency of growth and did not differ from the other animals regarding to relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Residual feed intake was significantly correlated to feed efficiency (-0.25), feed conversion (0.25), partial efficiency of growth (-0.37) and dry matter intake (0.16) but it did not present significant correlation with body weight (0.04), average daily gain (-0.02), relative growth rate (-0.03) and Kleiber ratio (-0.05). Significant correlations were found between feed conversion and initial body weight (0.34) and average daily gain (-0.46). Partial efficiency of growth presented significant correlation with all other efficiency parameters analyzed. Residual feed intake has high potential in productive efficiency, when compared to the other energy efficiency measurements, being independent of growth and size of the animals.
Systemic Factors During Metabolic Disease Progression Contribute to the Functional Decline of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Reproductive Aged Females

It is known that advanced metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes compromise the functional and regenerative capacity of endogenous adipose-tissue resident stem cells (ADSCs). It is, however, still unclear at which stage of disease progression ADSCs become compromised and whether systemic factors contribute to their functional decline. It was therefore hypothesized that inflammatory changes in the systemic microenvironment during distinct stages of disease progression negatively affect the functional capacity of ADSCs. A total of forty-seven (n = 47) black African reproductive aged females (32 ± 8 years; mean ± SD) were included in this study and subdivided into: (a) healthy lean (C; body mass index, BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2), (b) healthy overweight/obese (OB; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), (c) obese metabolic syndrome (MetS; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and (d) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; previously diagnosed and on treatment) groups. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments and a DXA scan to determine their body composition and adipose indices. Each persons’ systemic metabolic- (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and blood glucose) and inflammatory profiles (CRP, SDF1α, TNFα, IL6, IL8, IL10, and IFNy) were also evaluated. Participant-derived serum was then used to treat an ADSC cell line in vitro and its effect on viability (MTT-based assay), proliferation (BrdU), migration (wound healing assay), and osteogenic differentiation assessed. When exposed to serum derived from overweight/obese individuals (with or without metabolic syndrome), both the proliferative and migratory responses of ADSCs were less pronounced than when exposed to healthy control serum. Serum IL6 concentrations were identified as a factor influencing the proliferation of ADSCs, suggesting that long-term disruption to the systemic cytokine balance can potentially disrupt the proliferative responses of ADSCs. Obese participant-derived serum (with and without metabolic syndrome) furthermore resulted in lipid accumulation during osteogenic differentiation. This study, therefore demonstrated that systemic factors in obese individuals, regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome, can be detrimental to the multifunctional properties of ADSCs.
Radiative Properties of Boundary Layer Clouds: Droplet Effective Radius versus Number Concentration

The plane-parallel model for the parameterization of clouds in global climate models is examined in order to estimate the effects of the vertical profile of the microphysical parameters on radiative transfer calculations for extended boundary layer clouds. The vertically uniform model is thus compared to the adiabatic stratified one. The validation of the adiabatic model is based on simultaneous measurements of cloud microphysical parameters in situ and cloud radiative properties from above the cloud layer with a multispectral radiometer. In particular, the observations demonstrate that the dependency of cloud optical thickness on cloud geometrical thickness is larger than predicted with the vertically uniform model and that it is in agreement with the prediction of the adiabatic one. Numerical simulations of the radiative transfer have been performed to establish the equivalence between the two models in terms of the effective radius. They show that the equivalent effective radius of a vertically uniform model is between 80% and 100% of the effective radius at the top of an adiabatic stratified model. The relationship depends, in fact, upon the cloud geometrical thickness and droplet concentration. Remote sensing measurements of cloud radiances in the visible and near infrared are then examined at the scale of a cloud system for a marine case and the most polluted case sampled during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment. The distributions of the measured values are significantly different between the two cases. This constitutes observational evidence of the aerosol indirect effect at the scale of a cloud system. Finally, the adiabatic stratified model is used to develop a procedure for the retrieval of cloud geometrical thickness and cloud droplet number concentration from the measurements of cloud radiances. It is applied to the marine and to the polluted cases. The retrieved values of droplet concentration are significantly underestimated with respect to the values measured in situ. Despite this discrepancy the procedure is efficient at distinguishing the difference between the two cases.
Soil moisture and the distribution of giant Andean rosettes on talus slopes of a desert paramo

The distribution of giant Andean rosettes and soil moisture content during the dry season were studied in blocky and sandy talus slopes of the high Venezuelan paramo between 4335 and 4400 m. Rosette plants were virtually restricted to blocky talus and to areas downslope from isolated boulders embedded in sandy talus. Plant roots always grew upslope and beneath stones. Water content at the soil surface was 10 to 20 times greater under blocky talus and beneath boulders than in contiguous, bare sandy talus. The soil surface in the latter was very dry (< 1 '"O water) when sampled both in 1987 and 1989. Soil moisture increased sharply with depth in all locations sampled, but always remained substantially higher below stones even at 20 cm depth. The amount of water available for plant growth above the permanent wilting point [PWP -1500 kPa) was also significantly greater under stones and boulders. Soil texture was similar (sand to loamy sand) in both talus types. Organic matter content was slightly higher in blocky talus, but its effects on water retention at PWP were minor, and could not be used to explain the observed differences in field moisture. Soil profiles in sandy talus were of a Typic Cryorthent, while the blocky talus was underlain by a fragmental Entic Cryumbrept. Several dry-season records of soil temperature show that both the maxima and minima were sorne\vbat lower under stones, but the differences with sandy talus were minor, and probably did not affect soil moisture. The higher water content found under stones and blocks could result from 3 processes. During precipitation, water readily flows over the inlpervious stone surfaces, and becomes concentrated in the sandy soil matrix found between and beneath stones. Afterwards, reduced water losses by evaporation occur due to the insulation provided by the superficial openwork layer of stones, which prevents capillary rise to the talus surface. In addition, falling temperatures at sunset could result in condensation in the hollow spaces between stones. Andean rosettes colonize blocky talus areas, and their roots grow under the stones, because soil there remains moist during the dry season, allowing plants to survive it more readily than in the desiccated bare sandy talus areas.
Prior expectations of leadership programme attendees and their subsequent reflections on completion thereof

This article describes the reflections of nursing academics on their personal expectations prior to commencement of a leadership programme and their subsequent reflections on completion of this introduction to the leadership programme. The programme aimed at developing the participants as leaders in conjunction with developing the culture of research in a school of nursing at a university in the Western Cape, South Africa. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design was used. A total sample of eight nursing academics at a higher education institution (HEI) took part and narratives were written in July 2012. The results indicated active participation and involvement; development of skills and knowledge; a balance between programme and personal goals; a sense of confidence amongst attendees; creating structure for growth; and critical thinking. The implication of the study was that a leadership research team has been established with clear underlying assumptions of transformative leadership in research driven by self-leadership.
A comparative genetic diversity analysis in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study the DNA polymorphism in elite mungbean genotypes. A total of nine AFLP primer combination and 22 ISSR primers were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 30 genotypes, using AFLP analysis, yielded 300 fragments that could be scored, of which 192 were polymorphic, with an average of 21.3 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with AFLP primers ranged from 29 (E-AAC: M-CAG) to 10 (E-ACG: M-CAT). Percentage polymorphism ranged from 46.3% (E-AAC: M-CCA) to a maximum of 100% (E-AAC: M-CAC), with an average of 64%. The 22 ISSR primers used in the study produced 108 bands across 30 genotypes, of which 68 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from two UBC820) to ten URP 6F). The average numbers of bands per primer and polymorphic bands per primer were 4.9 and 3.1, respectively. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 25% (UBC844) to 85% (UBC846, UBC864, UBC895), with an average percentage polymorphism of 58.3% across all the genotypes. AFLP markers were more efficient than the ISSR assay, as they detected 64% polymorphic DNA markers in Vigna radiata as compared to 58.3% for ISSR markers. The Mantel test between the two Jaccard's similarity matrices gave r = 0.19, showing low correlation between AFLP- and ISSR-based similarities. Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when AFLP and ISSR derived dendrograms were compared. Key words : AFLP, ISSR, Vigna radiata (mung bean), marker index, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA).