Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF HEAT AFFECTED ZONE OF MILD STEEL SPECIMEN DEVELOPED DUE TO MIG WELDING

The Gas Metal Arc Welding is the most widely used for long continuous welds also it is versatile in nature as spot welds can also be per formed by GMAW. Process requires relatively simple and lesser skilled labors, so it is mostly automated and once welding parameters established it should be possible to produce repeatable welds. It is also called as MIG welding. As there is a great influence of welding conditions on behavior of heat affected zone (HAZ) so the present work investigates the effect of welding condition according to mechanical properties of mild steel and presents the optimum welding condition through the evaluation about the weld ability of mild steel by the welding conditions such as the welding passes, voltage variation, current, variation, and change in thickness of mild steel flats. In order to find out optimum welding condition by the mechanical properties mild steel (0.134% carbon) was selected as a specimen having thickness 5, 8,16mm were prepared for experiment. Specimens were welded in the range of 20-24 Volt, 130-150Amp and test pieces out of theses for test of tension, impact and hardness and micro structure have been extracted. The experimental result revealed that with increase in voltage there is increase in penetration so using the parameters further welding was performed. Results show that with increase in current there is increase in hardness of HAZ and ultimate tensile strength.
Evidence for Splice Site Pairing via Intron Definition in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

ABSTRACT Schizosaccharomyces pombe pre-mRNAs are generally multi-intronic and share certain features with pre-mRNAs fromDrosophila melanogaster, in which initial splice site pairing can occur via either exon or intron definition. Here, we present three lines of evidence suggesting that, despite these similarities, fission yeast splicing is most likely restricted to intron definition. First, mutating either or both splice sites flanking an internal exon in the S. pombe cdc2 gene produced almost exclusively intron retention, in contrast to the exon skipping observed in vertebrates. Second, we were unable to induce skipping of the internal microexon in fission yeast cgs2, whereas the default splicing pathway excludes extremely small exons in mammals. Because nearly quantitative removal of the downstream intron incgs2 could be achieved by expanding the microexon, we propose that its retention is due to steric occlusion. Third, several cryptic 5′ junctions in the second intron of fission yeastcdc2 are located within the intron, in contrast to their generally exonic locations in metazoa. The effects of expanding and contracting this intron are as predicted by intron definition; in fact, even highly deviant 5′ junctions can compete effectively with the standard 5′ splice site if they are closer to the 3′ splicing signals. Taken together, our data suggest that pairing of splice sites inS. pombe most likely occurs exclusively across introns in a manner that favors excision of the smallest segment possible.
Performance of Leather Uppers of Local Footwear products and the Determinants

Various literatures acknowledged that Ethiopian sheep and goats skins are appreciated by the international leather industry because of their high strength at lower thickness and flexibility. On the country the local leather upper footwear products have low market position both at national and international levels. This research has, then, risen to investigate the performance of the upper leather of local footwear products against the standard requirements. Samples of local footwear, black upper leathers and finished leathers for shoe consumption, and semi-processed suede upper leather have been prepared and tested according the South Africa National accreditation Standards (sanas) test method in the Leather Industry Development Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Both physical and mechanical Laboratory test results have been collected and then manipulated using the descriptive analysis. The research result illustrated that the average tear strength, tensile strength and percentage of elongation of the upper leather sample is below the minimum requirement of the standards set by the various test methods. The water resistance and colour fastness to rubbing are other acute of the local footwear uppers. But they have shown good achievement in vamp and bally flexing property. These major pitfalls recall to the quality of the finished leather supplied by the local tannery plants for footwear consumption. Hence, local tannery plants should determine the quality requirements their products and the gabs through investigating their production process and taking regular mechanical and physical laboratory tests. Policy makers have to check their leather and leather products working directives to introduce obligatory condition to improve the manufacturing process of the local tannery plants and monitor whether they are producing according to the requirement when measure against standards.
Rural entrepreneurship in mountainous regions within the severe crisis in Greece

The paper purports to explore the actual entrepreneurial processes in rural and more precisely in mountainous areas taking into account the specificities of the place. Research focuses on two core aspects of rural entrepreneurship according to existing literature and namely the distinctive characteristics of the businesses ecosystem structure of the mountainous Pyli area, Region of Thessaly, Greece and of its population. The first aspect regards the institutional environment, the firm and market size and types, transport and communications infrastructures; access to information, finance and advice services. The second group of factors refers to the existing entrepreneurial attitude regarding entrepreneurial culture, innovativeness and the importance of knowledge. The field research included one third of the existing enterprises of the area providing an adequate sample for its purposes. The data of the study was captured using structured questionnaires. Findings confirm existing literature and contribute to efforts for the development of policies to regenerate rural areas in Greece which are still in a long-lasting severe socio-economic crisis. The paper aims to inspire more generic policy innovation for the bottom-up development of local approaches to strengthen rural entrepreneurship in mountainous areas especially in times of crisis.
Regulation and epigenetic modulation of EpCAM gene expression in ovarian cancer

The Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a membrane glycoprotein that has been identified as a marker of cancer-initiating cells. EpCAM is highly expressed on most carcinomas and transient silencing of EpCAM expression leads to reduced oncogenic potential. To silence the EpCAM gene in a persistent manner via targeted DNA methylation, a low activity mutant (C141S) of the CpG-specific DNA methyltransferase M.SssI was coupled to a Triple helix-Forming Oligonucleotide (TFO-C141S) specifically designed for the EpCAM gene. Reporter plasmids encoding the green fluorescent protein under control of different EpCAM promoter fragments were treated with the TFO-C141S conjugate to determine the specificity of targeted DNA methylation in the context of a functional EpCAM promoter. Treatment of the plasmids with TFO-C141S resulted in efficient and specific methylation of the targeted CpG located directly downstream of the Triple helix Forming Site (TFS). No background DNA methylation was observed, neither in a 700 bp region of the EpCAM promoter nor in a 400 bp region of the reporter gene downstream of the TFS. Methylation of the target CpG did not have a detectable effect on promoter activity. This study shows that the combination of a specificTFO and a reduced activity methyltransferase variant can be used to target DNA methylation to predetermined sites with high specificity, allowing determination of crucial CpGs for promoter activity.
Selenium Metabolism in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Background Selenium is an essential trace element for living organisms. In many publications, researchers express concern about a possible Se deficiency in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure (ESCRF) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). However, in a number of published articles, the data provide no evidence that patients under CAPD develop Se deficiency. Objective We investigated Se metabolism in ESCRF patients on CAPD. Setting The study was carried out at the Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Athens University; the Laboratory for Material Analysis of the Nuclear Physics Institute; and the State General Hospital, Athens, Greece. Patients and Methods The study group included 24 patients on CAPD treatment, 14 ESCRF patients, and 17 healthy controls. We measured the Se and Fe content of serum, blood, and erythrocytes. We also measured hematocrit, serum total proteins and albumins, and Se in dialysate effluent. Results As compared with healthy subjects, the ESCRF and CAPD patients exhibited reduced serum concentrations of Se. However, considering the difference in hematocrit values, the total serum-transported Se per liter of blood was close to normal. Erythrocyte Se proved normal for both groups. The measured Se in the spent effluent indicates that patients under CAPD receive approximately 100 μg Se from their daily diet, as normal subjects do. The Se measurement data from the effluent indicate that 90% of the Se carried by the serum is bound to albumins and that only the remaining 10% is in the form of low molecular weight selenate, free to pass the peritoneal membrane. Of the 24 CAPD patients studied, 4 patients (all women) showed extremely low Se serum levels. Data suggest that those low levels are more likely due to the significantly lower serum albumin levels in the 4 patients than to an insufficient dietary intake. Conclusions Data from the present experimental work suggest that patients undergoing CAPD receive the necessary quantities of Se from their regular diet. The data contradict statements in the relevant literature that CAPD patients develop Se deficiency.
Role of Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Kinases in Ischemic Injury

Protein kinase-mediated signaling cascades constitute the major route by which cells respond to their extracellular environment. Of these, three well-characterized mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are those that use the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) or the stress-activated protein kinase (p38/SAPK2 or JNK/SAPK) pathways. Mitogenic stimulation of the MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway modulates the activity of many transcription factors, leading to biological responses such as proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, the p38/SAPK2 and JNK/SAPK (c-Jun amino-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase) pathways are only weakly, if at all, activated by mitogens, but are strongly activated by stress stimuli. There is now a growing body of evidence showing that these kinase signaling pathways become activated following a variety of injury stimuli including focal cerebral ischemia. Whether their activation, however, is merely an epiphenomenon of the process of cell death, or is actually involved in the mechanisms underlying ischemia-induced degeneration, remains to be fully understood. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of kinase pathway activation following cerebral ischemia and discusses the evidence supporting a role for these kinases in the mechanisms underlying ischemia-induced cell death.
Experimental Evaluation of Impulsive Energy Damping in Masonry Collapse Mechanisms

Severe earthquakes throughout the world show that existing masonry are prone to suffer out-of-plane local collapse mechanisms. In such mechanisms energy dissipation is mainly due to impacts against the remainder of the structure. Using data from an experimental campaign on free rocking walls, estimation are suggested for the coefficient of restitution in both two-sided (façade resting on a foundation) and one-sided (façade adjacent to transverse walls) rocking. Both brick and tuff masonry are considered, and the relevance of test repetition and wall height-to-thickness ratio are addressed. Additional parameters measured during the tests, such as amplitudedependant period of vibration, are compared against analytical formulations. The importance of an accurate estimation in energy damping is highlighted through nonlinear time histories, specifying under which accelerograms the response is more sensitive to energy damping.
Deep learning in cyber security for internet of things

Cyber threats are a showstopper for Internet of Things (IoT) which has recently gained popularity. Network layer attacks on IoT can cause significant disruptions and loss of information. Among such attacks, routing attacks are especially hard to defend against because of the ad-hoc nature of IoT systems and resource constraints of IoT devices. Hence a an efficient approach for detecting and predicting IoT attacks is needed. For the security of IoT, detecting malicious attacks is vital to avoid of unintended consequences such as lack of availability, integrity and confidentiality. For secure IoT needs a system that is able to robust detection against routing attacks. We propose a deep-learning based for continuous security monitoring analysis for IoT. Application of deep learning for cyber-security in IoT requires the availability of substantial IoT attack data, however the lack of IoT attack data is an important issue. In our study, the Cooja IoT simulator has been utilized for generation of high-fidelity attack data, within IoT networks ranging from up to 1000 nodes. We propose a highly scalable, deep-learning based attack detection methodology for detection of IoT routing attacks with high accuracy and precision.
Glucotoxicity in the INS-1 Rat Insulinoma Cell Line Is Mediated by the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner

Prolonged elevations of glucose concentration have deleterious effects on β-cell function. One of the hallmarks of such glucotoxicity is a reduction in insulin gene expression, resulting from decreased insulin promoter activity. Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that inhibits nuclear receptor signaling in diverse metabolic pathways. In this study, we found that sustained culture of INS-1 cells at high glucose concentrations leads to an increase in SHP mRNA expression, followed by a decrease in insulin gene expression. Inhibition of endogenous SHP gene expression by small interfering RNA partially restored high-glucose–induced suppression of the insulin gene. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SHP in INS-1 cells impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as insulin gene expression. SHP downregulates insulin gene expression via two mechanisms: by downregulating PDX-1 and MafA gene expression and by inhibiting p300-mediated pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1–and BETA2-dependent transcriptional activity from the insulin promoter. Finally, the pancreatic islets of diabetic OLETF rats express SHP mRNA at higher levels than the islets from LETO rats. These results collectively suggest that SHP plays an important role in the development of β-cell dysfunction induced by glucotoxicity.
Investigating the antecedents of online reservation acceptance in Malaysian higher institutions

This study attempts to investigate the causal link between individual differences in computer self efficacy (CSE), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived credibility (PC), and behavioural intention (BI) in Malaysia environment. Sample is drawn using stratified random sampling on 24 campuses lo- cated all over Malaysia where the final sample size required is 370 through the use of questionnaires method. Results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) demonstrate that CSE has a significant relationship with PU, PU and PC have significant influence on BI, PEOU has no significant influence on BI, and CSE does not predict PC and PEOU. In addition this study also introduced location and experience as a moderating variable. The re- sults confirm that location is a moderating factor that will affect the user acceptance on online reservation, while experience is not. The research findings would be useful for companies that engage in online reservation trans- action to design marketing strategies to cater new potential market segments while at the same time maintain their customers. In this study, extended version of TAM is being used where two moderating variables are intro- duced which are location and experience
First- and Second-Order Methods for Learning: Between Steepest Descent and Newton's Method

On-line first-order backpropagation is sufficiently fast and effective for many large-scale classification problems but for very high precision mappings, batch processing may be the method of choice. This paper reviews first- and second-order optimization methods for learning in feedforward neural networks. The viewpoint is that of optimization: many methods can be cast in the language of optimization techniques, allowing the transfer to neural nets of detailed results about computational complexity and safety procedures to ensure convergence and to avoid numerical problems. The review is not intended to deliver detailed prescriptions for the most appropriate methods in specific applications, but to illustrate the main characteristics of the different methods and their mutual relations.
すべり面土のせん断強度特性に基づく亀の瀬地すべりの地質的特徴についての一考 Discussion of Geology of Slip Surface Soil of Kamenose Landslide through Shear Strength Parameters of Remoulded Specimens

Introduction In 1996, Terzaghi et al discussed shales, stiff clays and pure minerals based on the fully softened and residual shear strength results of remoulded samples in laboratory tests and gave different ranges of fully softened and residual shear strength values expected for soils belonging to those geologies. This paper attempts to broadly interpret the geological features of Kamenose landslide slip surface soil based on its mineralogy and the test results of its fully-softened and residual shear strengths in comparison with the published results for clays and shales by Terzaghi et al (1996).
Review of Soviet/Eastern European research on health aspects of microwave radiation.

THIS paper will discuss the health aspects of microwave radiation in the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries and, in some cases, will compare their approaches and views to those in the United States and Western countries. Most of the discussion will deal with research, reported human effects, and allowable safe levels of exposure in the Soviet Union because I am more familiar with the situation in the Soviet Union than in other Eastern European countries. I shall also report on the increased interchange and interaction between Soviet and Eastern European scientists and American scientists over the past seven years. This discussion will include a review of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. cooperative program on the biological effects of microwave radiation.
Hymotion Prius Model Validation and Control Improvements

Argonne National Laboratory, working with the FreedomCAR and Fuels Partnership, maintains vehicle simulation software: the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). Because of the importance of component models and the complexity involved in setting up optimized control strategies, the models and controls developed in PSAT require validation. The highly instrumented Toyota Prius, including engine and half-shaft torque sensors, was tested in Argonne’s Advanced Powertrain Research Facilities (APRF) both in its original configuration and with the Hymotion L5 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery pack to provide the data needed for a thorough comparison of model results and test data. This paper first describes the vehicle test results and explains the validation process on the basis of an analysis of the differences between the test and simulation results. Then it demonstrates the validation of the PHEV Hymotion Prius. Finally it assesses the impact of different control strategy options for the PHEV.
Pay-as-you-go solar PV in Rwanda: evidence of benefits to users and issues of affordability

In 2013 Azuri Technologies, a provider of solar home systems, entered the Rwanda market with USAID support. During project implementation various distribution challenges were encountered and useful lessons learned. Impact studies were conducted which showed households using the Azuri systems benefiting from significantly more hours of light and from the ability to charge phones at home. These households were among the wealthier segments of the rural population indicating affordability challenges for some households.
Measurement of costs and scales for outcome evaluation in health economic studies of Parkinson's disease

Health economic studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) have become increasingly common in recent years. Because several methodologies and instruments have been used to assess cost and outcomes in PD, the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a Task Force to assess their properties and make recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of those instruments in PD and to determine which should be selected for this review. We assessed approaches to evaluate cost of illness (COI), cost effectiveness, and cost utilities, which include the use of direct (standard gamble, time trade‐off. and visual analogue scales) and indirect instruments to measure health status and utilities. No validated instruments/models were identified for the evaluation of COI or cost‐effectiveness in patients with PD; therefore, no instruments in this group are recommended. Among utility instruments, only a few of these outcome instruments have been used in the PD population, and only limited psychometric data are available for these instruments with respect to PD. Because psychometric data for further utility instruments in conditions other than PD already exist, the standard gamble and time trade‐off methods and the EQ‐5D (a European quality‐of‐life health states instrument) and Health Utility Index instruments met the criteria for scales that are “recommended (with limitations),” but only the EQ‐5D has been assessed in detail in PD patients. The MDS Task Force recommends further study of these instruments in the PD population to establish core psychometric properties. For the assessment of COI, the Task Force considers the development of a COI instrument specifically for PD, like that available for Alzheimer's disease. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Transplant Recipients : A Review

Lung transplantation is well accepted form of treatment for end-stage lung disease in selected patients. The number of lung transplants performed worldwide has increased annually with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being the leading cause. The morbidity and mortality in the early period are due to nonspecific primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute lung rejection (ALR). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the cause of long-term complications following lung transplantation and seen in almost half of the patient during the first 5 years. Activation of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been described during various phases of lung transplantation recovery. We reviewed the literature for cytokine activity associated with PGD, ALR, and CLAD. This review aims to summarize the specific associations between bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma cytokine levels and the association of PGD, ALR, and CLAD.