Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution Approach to Newspaper Framing and Ethnic Groups' Conflict Behaviours

The effects of what media frame as news on public behaviours to politics have been discussed extensively in scholarly works, however, the possible solutions in relation to how newspapers framing stimulate conflict frame (behaviours) in ethnic leaders who rheostat the hearts and minds of ethnic groups, are still underexplored. Therefore, series of in-depth interviews on 26 ethnic group leaders were conducted and data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 10 software, to probe into the ethnic group leaders’ conflict frames in other to discover the possible solutions to the incessant ethnic conflicts in Nigeria and similar multiethnic and developing societies. The study found that the since the media and ethnic groups attitudes play part in the emergence and escalation of these conflicts, solutions rest mostly in the handling these two helixes. Specifically, the need for government to be proactive in the areas of amenities, empowerment and monitoring is expedient, while newspaper framing along with the ethnic groups’ actions need to be ethnic sensitive. Keywords: newspaper framing, ethnic groups, conflict behaviours, media regulation, audience frames
Species composition of fruit flies (Dipteral:Tephritidae) and extent of damage on mango fruit in eastern Ethiopia

A study was conducted to determine the species composition of fruit flies attacking mangoes and, the extent of mango fruit losses in selected areas of eastern Ethiopia. Fruit flies were collected using two methods; rearing from mango fruits and trapping with the use of Para pheromones. Six species of Tephritidaewere reared from mango fruits:Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitiscosyra, Bactroceracucurbitae, Dacusbivittatus, Ceratitisquinaria and Ceratitiscapitata. 83.1 %, 12.8%,. 2.7%, 0.7 %, 0.4 % and 0.21%, respectively. Nine fruit flies species, four of the genus Ceratitis, (C. cosyra, C. quinaria, C. capitataandC. fasciventris), three of Dacus(D.bivittatus, D. telfairaeandD. apoxanthu), and two of Bacterocera(B. invadens and B. cucurbitae),were collected using different parapheromones (Methyl eugenol, Cuelure, 3Component lure, Trimedlure and Terpinyl Acetate)from mango farms in eastern Ethiopia. Using pheromone traps three new fruit fly species were identified. Out of all species Ceratitisfasciventris were dominant followed by Ceratitiscosyra and Dacusbivittatus. All species has no relation with altitude. The extent of mango infestation on the average ranged 21 to 35% in different locations of Eastern Ethiopia. The overall mean percentage of mango losses is 30.4%.
Genetic characterization of the Moxotó goat breed using RAPD markers

The objective of this study was to verify the genetic diversity between and within seven populations of Moxoto goat (n = 264) from the States of Pernambuco, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Moxoto, as well as other naturalized breeds, suffers genetic losses due to the indiscriminate miscegenation with breeds raised in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The genetic characterization of these genetic resources is essential to conservation and breeding programs. DNA was extracted from lymphocytes using a non-organic protocol. The 16 primers used were selected from 120 decamer oligonucleotide primers and generated 56 polymorphic bands. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the greater part of total genetic variability (71.55%) was due to differences between individuals within populations, while 21.21% was among populations. The analysis of variance among the pairs of populations demonstrated that the populations located in Floresta, PE x Angicos, RN presented a smaller value of intrapopulational differentiation (8.9%), indicating low genetic variability among them. Nei's genetic distances varied between 0.0546 and 0.1868 in the populations. The dendrogram generated showed that the Caninde breed, used as outgroup, clustered with the populations of Moxoto, indicating a possible common origin of the naturalized goat breeds.
The mechanism mediating fast neurotransmitter release at the calyx of Held synapse

Fast and synchronous neurotransmitter release relies on the time course of calcium influx into the terminal, the availability of fusion competent vesicles and the proteins comprising the release machinery. Studies in glutamatergic synapses have identified a subpopulation of vesicles in the releasable pool that do not fuse in response to action potential (AP) driven calcium influx and release only slowly in response to sustained stimulation. The nature of these reluctant vesicles, however, remained unclear.This question was investigated at the calyx of Held, a large glutamatergic synapse in the auditory brainstem. By combining electrophysiological recordings of the pre and postsynaptic compartments with calcium imaging and uncaging, it is shown that uniform elevations of the intracellular calcium concentration in the presynaptic terminal were able to elicit rapid release after the vesicles mediating fast and synchronous neurotransmitter release had been depleted. The calcium sensitivity of reluctant vesicles was reduced only 2-fold which is insufficient to explain the 10-fold slower release kinetics that is observed in response to sustained depolarizations of the presynaptic terminal. It is concluded, that reluctant vesicles are indeed release competent, but that their distance to calcium channel clusters at the active zone prevents them to release in response to APs. This indicates that the incorporation of vesicles into the vicinity of calcium channels at the active zone (a positional priming step) is rate-limiting in fast neurotransmitter release rather than acquiring fusion competence (a molecular priming step). The accessibility of the presynaptic terminal of the calyx of Held to patch-pipettes allows one to infuse toxins and peptides to further investigate the positional priming step in exocytosis. Here, it is shown that the N-terminal of synaptobrevin is important for mediating this step, which has been indicated in a previous study based on the effect of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) on release at the calyx of Held. In contrast, it was found that BoNT/B, which shares the same cleavage site as TeNT but requires a different binding site on synaptobrevin, changes the intracellular calcium sensitivity of vesicles for fusion, likely by interfering with vesicle exocytosis at a step between calcium sensing and fusion. Positional priming was also affected when a C-terminal peptide from rabphilin3a s C2B domain was infused into the calyx of Held, which blocked synaptic transmission, potentially by interacting with SNAP-25. Its effect on the kinetics of release mimics that of TeNT as it preferentially blocked the fast component of release.These results highlight the importance of calcium channel-vesicle coupling as well as the delicate interplay of multiple proteins of the release machinery in mediating fast neurotransmitter release.
Lignite cleaning in NaCl solutions by the reverse flotation technique

A cleaning possibility of low (BD) and high ash content (IM) lignites in NaCl solutions using a reverse flotation technique was studied. Preliminary test results indicated that BD lignite cannot be cleaned effectively in the traditional manner because gangue was floated first rather than a combustible material. Further studies indicated that the lignite cleaning in NaCl solutions using the reverse flotation technique is possible. However, a large quantity of dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DAH) was required. A lower ash content in a concentrate can be obtained by addition of NaCl. A concentrate yield can be im- proved by addition of starch. Under the test conditions, for BD lignite with the ash content in the feed 15.19%, the ash content in the concentrate 11.44% and the concentrate yield 67.38% were obtained. Similarly, for IM lignite with the ash content in the feed 57.40%, the ash content in the concentrate 32.90% and the concentrate yield 25.08% were obtained. The flotation rate constant k and maximum ash recovery e∞ significantly increased with the NaCl concentration.
Pharyngeal airway volume and its relationship to the facial morphology in nasal breathing and mouth breathing subjects (A comparative computerized tomography study)

The value of lateral cephalometric radiographs to evaluate the pharyngeal airway is limited because it provided 2-dimensional (2D) images of complex 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic structures. Three dimensional analyses of the airway volumes are required to understand oral and pharyngeal adaptations in mouth breathing and nasal breathing subjects. The aim of this study was to measure the pharyngeal airway volume and the size of the face, then compare between pharyngeal airway volume in mouth breathing and nasal breathing subjects and find the gender difference in each group, also to study the relation between pharyngeal airway volume and the size of the face. Material and Methods: Fifty patients including 28 males and 22 females with an age ranged between 18-35 years suffered from clinical symptoms of nasal obstruction and mouth breathing was detected by otolaryngolog ist and sent to be imaged by Brilliance™ 64, Philips multi-detector computed tomography. Twenty normal subjects (10 males and 10 females) were selected as control. Angular and linear variables were measured in addition to the size of the face and the pharyngeal airway volume. Results: A statistically significant relationship between the pharyngeal airway volume and the mode of respiration and between pharyngeal airway volume and genders were detected. The pharyngeal airway volume was larger in nasal breathers than in mouth breathers and it was larger in males than in females. The size of the face was larger in males than females. Conclusion: CT volumetric images provide more reliable and accurate information for measurement of the pharyngeal airway volume, so the changes in the pharyngeal airway volume can be studied before and after surgery and this will aid in selection of the best treatment option in addition to control the relapse after orthodontic treatment with mouth breathing patients. Keyword: Pharyngeal airway volume, size of the face, mouth breathing, computerized tomography. (J Bagh Coll
The high-mass disk candidates NGC 7538IRS1 and NGC 7538S

Context. The nature of embedded accretion disks around forming high-mass stars is one of the missing puzzle pieces for a general understanding of the formation of the most massive and luminous stars. Aims. We want to dissect the small-scale structure of the dust continuum and kinematic gas emission toward two of the most prominent high-mass disk candidates. Methods. Using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer at ∼1.36 mm wavelengths in its most extended configuration we probe the dust and gas emission at ∼0.3 �� , corresponding to linear resolution elements of ∼800 AU. Results. Even at that high spatial resolution NGC 7538IRS1 remains a single compact and massive gas core with extraordinarily high column densities, corresponding to visual extinctions on the order of 10 5 mag, and average densities within the central 2000 AU of ∼2.1 × 10 9 cm −3 that have not been measured before. We identify a velocity gradient across in northeast-southwest direction that is consistent with the mid-infrared emission, but we do not find a gradient that corresponds to the proposed CH3OH maser disk. The spectral line data toward NGC 7538IRS1 reveal strong blue- and red-shifted absorption toward the mm continuum peak position. While the blue-shifted absorption is consistent with an outflow along the line of sight, the red-shifted absorption allows us to estimate
MAPPING RIVER DEPTH FROM PUBLICLY AVAILABLE AERIAL IMAGES

Remote sensing could facilitate efficient characterization of river systems for research and management purposes, provided that suitable image data are available and that the information derived therefrom is reliable. This study evaluated the utility of public domain multispectral images for estimating flow depths in a small stream and a larger gravel‐bed river, using data acquired through a task‐oriented consortium and the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP). Field measurements were used to calibrate image‐derived quantities to observed depths and to assess depth retrieval accuracy. A band ratio‐based algorithm yielded coherent, hydraulically reasonable bathymetric maps for both field sites and three different types of image data. Applying a spatial filter reduced image noise and improved depth retrieval performance, with a strong calibration relationship (R2 = 0.68) and an observed (field‐surveyed) versus predicted (image‐derived) R2 of 0.6 for tasked images of the smaller stream. The NAIP data were less useful in this environment because of geo‐referencing errors and a coarser spatial resolution. On the larger river, NAIP‐derived bathymetry was more accurate, with an observed versus predicted R2 value of 0.64 for a compressed county mosaic easily accessible via the Internet. Comparison of remotely sensed bathymetric maps with field surveys indicated that although the locations of pools were determined accurately, their full depth could not be detected because of limited sensor radiometric resolution. Although a number of other constraints also must be considered, such as the need for local calibration data, depth retrieval from publicly available image data is feasible under appropriate conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accumulation and Histopathological Effects of Mercury Chloride after Acute Exposure in Tropical Fish Gymnotus carapo

The present study evaluated potential Hg bioaccumulation and its morphological effects in different organs of the tropical fish, Gymnotus carapo, after a single acute intra-peritoneal exposure (0.6 µg.g -1 ) and over progressively longer exposure times (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). The Hg accumulation was differential and time dependent for most target organs (testis > liver > gills > muscle). Hg exposure leads the highest accumulation potential in testis since the initial examination point (24 h) until the last (96 h). The liver showed progressive Hg accumulation, presenting its highest levels only at the 96 h exposure point. Hg concentrations in the gills and muscle oscillated over the exposure times; however, the highest values of both organs also occurred in 96 h exposed fish. Histopathological alterations were observed in testis, liver and gills from 24 h of Hg exposure, and the extent of the alterations and their severity increased out to 96 h of exposure. These results shows a correlation between Hg accumulation and the induced morphological damages in different organs along the time in a tropical fish species G. carapo, being the histopathology a sensitive technique for the observation of the initial damage from Hg exposure.
Weapons of the Powerful: Authoritarian Elite Competition and Politicized Anticorruption in China

What motivates authoritarian regimes to crack down on corruption? We argue that just as partisan competition in democracies tends to politicize corruption, authoritarian leaders may exploit anticorruption campaigns to target rivals’ power networks during internal power struggles for consolidating their power base. We apply this theoretical framework to provincial leadership turnover in China and test it using an anticorruption data set. We find that intraelite power competition, captured by the informal power configuration of government incumbents and their predecessors, can increase investigations of corrupt senior officials by up to 20%. The intensity of anticorruption propaganda exhibits a similar pattern. The findings indicate that informal politics can propel strong anticorruption drives in countries without democratically accountable institutions, although these drives tend to be selective, arbitrary, and factionally biased.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from hatcheries and selected fish farms in the Ashanti region of Ghana

Antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly global health problem. This has resulted in a limited number of antibiotics being effective in the treatment of various infections. Antibiotic resistant organisms have been isolated from fish ponds in various studies in different parts of the world. This study was carried out to assess some fish farming practices among catfish and tilapia farmers which may contribute to antibiotic resistance and also to determine the susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella species, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fish pond water, catfish gut and tilapia gut from 11 farms and two hatcheries to selected reference antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin, flucloxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, cefuroxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol using the disc diffusion method. With the exception of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, there was varying resistance of more than 60% to the other antibiotics. Most of the bacterial isolates exhibited high resistance (≥70%) to penicillin, ampicillin, flucloxacillin and tetracycline whilst low resistance was observed in all isolates to gentamicin (1.7 to 5.6%) except in P. aeruginosa. 44 to 92.9% of isolates of organisms showed resistance to more than three antibiotics. The bacterial isolates from the sampled fishes exhibited multidrug resistance although there was no recent history of use of antibiotics in most of the farms studied. Key words: Bacterial isolates, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, fish farms.
GIANT CIRCULAR DICHROISM AND NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF CHIRAL METAMATERIAL BASED ON SPLIT-RING RESONATORS

In this paper, a double-layer split-ring resonator structure chiral metamaterial was proposed which could exhibit pronounced circular dichroism (CD) efiect and negative refractive index at microwave frequencies. Experiment and simulation calculations are in good agreement. The retrieved efiective electromagnetic parameters indicate that the lower frequency CD efiect is associated with the negative refractive index property of the left circularly polarized (LCP) wave, and the upper one is to the right circularly polarized (RCP) wave. The mechanism of the giant CD efiect could be further illustrated by simulated surface current and power loss density distributions.
Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Fauna and Efficacy of Two Commercial Acaricides against Argus persicus in Layer Poultry

Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Fauna and Ef�icacy of Two Commercial Acaricides against Argus persicus in Layer Poultry Zia ud Din Sindhu *1, Zeeshan Sha�iq1, Muhammad Usman Naseer1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi2, Bilal Aslam3, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 1Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 2Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 3Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan *Corresponding Author Email Address: ziasandhu@hotmail.com
Laser-induced periodic surface structures: fingerprints of light localization

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to study the inhomogeneous absorption of linearly polarized laser radiation below a rough surface. The results are first analyzed in the frequency domain and compared to the efficacy factor theory of Sipe and coworkers. Both approaches show that the absorbed energy shows a periodic nature, not only in the direction orthogonal to the laser polarization, but also in the direction parallel to it. It is shown that the periodicity is not always close to the laser wavelength for the perpendicular direction. In the parallel direction, the periodicity is about λ/Re(n), with n being the complex refractive index of the medium. The space-domain FDTD results show a periodicity in the inhomogeneous energy absorption similar to the periodicity of the low- and high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures depending on the material's excitation.
How can a cause-of-death reduction be compensated for in the presence of heterogeneity? A population dynamics approach based on English data by deprivation

A growing number of studies indicate a widening of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality over the past decades. It has therefore become crucially important to understand the impact of heterogeneity and its evolution on the future mortality of heterogeneous populations. In particular, recent developments in multi-population mortality have raised a number of questions, among which are the issue of consistency between subnational and national forecasts, and the evaluation of cause-of-death reduction targets set by national and international institutions. The aim of this paper is to show how the study of the population data and the population dynamics framework contribute to addressing these issues, by providing a new viewpoint on the evolution of aggregate mortality indicators in the presence of heterogeneity. Our findings rely on two unique datasets on the English population and cause-specific number of deaths by socioeconomic circumstances, over the period 1981-2015. The analysis of the data first highlights the complexity of recent demographic developments, characterized by significant composition changes in the population, with considerable variations according to the age-class or cohort, along with a widening of socioeconomic inequalities. In a second part, we introduce a dynamic framework for studying the impact of composition changes on the mortality of the global population. In particular, we are interested in quantifying the impacts of cause-of-death mortality reduction in comparison with changes of composition in a heterogeneous population. We show how a cause of death reduction could be compensated for in the presence of heterogeneity, which could lead to misinterpretations when assessing public policies impacts and/or for the forecasting of future trends. JEL: G22, J11, C60
Resistivity imaging with controlled-source electromagnetic data: depth and data weighting

We discuss some computational aspects of resistivity imaging by inversion of offshore controlled-source electromagnetic data. We adopt the classic approach to imaging by formulating it as an inverse problem. A weighted least-squares functional measures the misfit between synthetic and observed data. Its minimization by a quasi-Newton algorithm requires the gradient of the functional with respect to the model parameters. We compute the gradient with the adjoint-state technique. Preconditioners can improve the convergence of the inversion. Diagonal preconditioners based on a Born approximation are commonly used. In the context of CSEM inversion, the Born approximation is not really accurate. This limits the possibility of estimating a correct approximation of the Hessian in a smooth medium or, in fact, in any reference background that does not roughly account for the resistors. We hence rely on the limited memory BFGS approximation of the inverse of the Hessian and we improve the inversion convergence with the help of heuristic data and depth weighting. Based on a numerical example, we show that a simple exponential depth weighting combined with offset or frequency data weighting significantly improves the convergence rate of deep-water controlled-source electromagnetic data inversion.