Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alterations of p53, BCL‐2, and hMSH2 protein expression in the normal brain tissues, gliosis, and gliomas

Tumorigenesis involves alterations in the tumor suppressor genes (p53), protooncogenes (BCL‐2), and housekeeping genes (human MutS homologue‐2 (hMSH2). We hypothesized that development of gliomas is associated with alterations of p53, BCL‐2, and hMSH2 protein expression. To test our hypothesis and to examine these issues, we immunostained 60 specimens entailing normal brain tissues, gliosis, and gliomas (Grade I, II, III, IV) for p53, BCL‐2, and hMSH2 protein expression. As compared with the normal brain and gliosis, examination of the average weighted scores in gliomas (Grade I, II, III, IV, respectively) showed significant up‐regulation of: (i) p53 protein (0.0 ± 0.0; 0.0 ± 0.0; 0.9 ± 0.5; 1.6 ± 0.8; 1.7 ± 0.5; and 4.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.0001) (ii) hMSH2 (1.3 ± 0.3; 1.5 ± 0.7; 1.9 ± 1.1; 2.2 ± 0.5; 4.1 ± 1.5; and 4.7 ± 1.1, P < 0.0006), and (iii) BCL‐2 (0.8 ± 0.5; 1.9 ± 0.5; 1.9 ± 0.6; 2.0 ± 0.6; 4.4 ± 1.2; and 4.6 ± 0.8, P < 0.001). The expression values (p53, BCL‐2, and hMSH2) were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) in astrocytomas (Grade III) than in other gliomas. There was an insignificant negative correlation between p53 and BCL‐2 (r = −0.07, P > 0.05) and between p53 and hMSH2 (r = −0.08, P > 0.05) protein expression. Alterations of the p53, BCL‐2, and hMSH2 proteins occur during the development of these tumors.
Digestion criteria in nursing beef calves supplemented with limited levels of protein and energy.

This study was conducted with grazing nursing calves (197 kg) to determine the effects of 1) limiting creep feed intake and 2) increasing the concentration of ruminal escape CP in creep feed at a limited level of creep feed intake on fescue and milk intake, ruminal NDF digestion, and total tract digestibility in calves fed high-quality, freshly harvested fescue. The treatments were 1) control (no creep feed), 2) limited intake of creep feed (.60 kg/d) having a moderate concentration of CP (13%), 3) limited intake of creep feed (.60 kg/d) having a high concentration of CP (35%), and 4) unlimited (high) intake (1.62 kg/d) of the same creep feed fed in Treatment 2. Forage OM intake was negatively correlated (r = -.995, P less than .05) with level of creep feed OM intake, whereas milk OM intake was not affected by level of creep feed intake. Decreases in ruminal fiber digestion and total tract NDF digestion caused by unlimited creep feeding were partially avoided by limiting creep feed intake. Digestible OM intake increased by . 47 kg per kilogram of creep feed OM intake.
A Specific Role for the REV-ERBα–Controlled L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel CaV1.2 in Resetting the Circadian Clock in the Late Night

Within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, circadian timekeeping and resetting have been shown to be largely dependent on both membrane depolarization and intracellular second-messenger signaling. In both of these processes, voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) mediate voltage-dependent calcium influx, which propagates neural impulses by stimulating vesicle fusion and instigates intracellular pathways resulting in clock gene expression. Through the cumulative actions of these processes, the phase of the internal clock is modified to match the light cycle of the external environment. To parse out the distinct roles of the L-type VGCCs, we analyzed mice deficient in Cav1.2 (Cacna1c) in brain tissue. We found that mice deficient in the Cav1.2 channel exhibited a significant reduction in their ability to phase-advance circadian behavior when subjected to a light pulse in the late night. Furthermore, the study revealed that the expression of Cav1.2 mRNA was rhythmic (peaking during the late night) and was regulated by the circadian clock component REV-ERBα. Finally, the induction of clock genes in both the early and late subjective night was affected by the loss of Cav1.2, with reductions in Per2 and Per1 in the early and late night, respectively. In sum, these results reveal a role of the L-type VGCC Cav1.2 in mediating both clock gene expression and phase advances in response to a light pulse in the late night.
Relationship Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters From 3-Minute All-Out Tethered Swimming and 400-m Maximal Front Crawl Effort

Abstract Kalva-Filho, CA, Zagatto, AM, Araújo, MIC, Santiago, PRP, da Silva, ASR, Gobatto, CA, and Papoti, M. Relationship between aerobic and anaerobic parameters from 3-minute all-out tethered swimming and 400-m maximal front crawl effort. J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 238–245, 2015—The main aim of this investigation was to verify the relationship of the variables measured during a 3-minute all-out test with aerobic (i.e., peak oxygen uptake [ ] and intensity corresponding to the lactate minimum [LMI]) and anaerobic parameters (i.e., anaerobic work) measured during a 400-m maximal performance. To measure force continually and to avoid the possible influences caused by turns, the 3-minute all-out effort was performed in tethered swimming. Thirty swimmers performed the following tests: (a) a 3-minute all-out tethered swimming test to determine the final force (equivalent to critical force: CF3-MIN) and the work performed above CF3-MIN (W′3-MIN), (b) a LMI protocol to determine the LMI during front crawl swimming, and (c) a 400-m maximal test to determine the and total anaerobic contribution (WANA). Correlations between the variables were tested using the Pearson's correlation test (p ⩽ 0.05). CF3-MIN (73.9 ± 13.2 N) presented a high correlation with the LMI (1.33 ± 0.08 m·s−1; p = 0.01) and (4.5 ± 1.2 L·min−1; p = 0.01). However, the W′3-MIN (1,943.2 ± 719.2 N·s) was only moderately correlated with LMI (p = 0.02) and (p = 0.01). In summary, CF3-MIN determined during the 3-minute all-out effort is associated with oxidative metabolism and can be used to estimate the aerobic capacity of swimmers. In contrast, the anaerobic component of this model (W′3-MIN) is not correlated with WANA.
Cerebellum and Speech Perception: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

A variety of data indicate that the cerebellum participates in perceptual tasks requiring the precise representation of temporal information. Access to the word form of a lexical item requires, among other functions, the processing of durational parameters of verbal utterances. Therefore, cerebellar dysfunctions must be expected to impair word recognition. In order to specify the topography of the assumed cerebellar speech perception mechanism, a functional magnetic resonance imaging study was performed using the German lexical items Boden ([bodn], Engl. floor) and Boten ([botn], messengers) as test materials. The contrast in sound structure of these two lexical items can be signaled either by the length of the wordmedial pause (closure time, CLT; an exclusively temporal measure) or by the aspiration noise of wordmedial d or t (voice onset time, VOT; an intrasegmental cue). A previous study found bilateral cerebellar disorders to compromise word recognition based on CLT whereas the encoding of VOT remained unimpaired. In the present study, two series of BodenBoten utterances were resynthesized, systematically varying either in CLT or VOT. Subjects had to identify both words Boden and Boten by analysis of either the durational parameter CLT or the VOT aspiration segment. In a subtraction design, CLT categorization as compared to VOT identification (CLT VOT) yielded a significant hemodynamic response of the right cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum Crus I) and the frontal lobe (anterior to Broca's area). The reversed contrast (VOT CLT) resulted in a single activation cluster located at the level of the supra-temporal plane of the dominant hemisphere. These findings provide first evidence for a distinct contribution of the right cerebellar hemisphere to speech perception in terms of encoding of durational parameters of verbal utterances. Verbal working memory tasks, lexical response selection, and auditory imagery of word strings have been reported to elicit activation clusters of a similar location. Conceivably, representation of the temporal structure of speech sound sequences represents the common denominator of cerebellar participation in cognitive tasks acting on a phonetic code.
Postpartum Depression Screening for New Mothers at Well Child Visits

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating emotional experience that can affect mothers and their infants. Screening for PPD is encouraged during pediatric well-child visits (WCVs); however, the frequency, referral process, and documentation relative to screening in clinical practice require further study. Objectives: There were three purposes to this study: 1) determine prevalence of mothers who scored in the at-risk range using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at each of the 2-, 4-, and 6-month WCVs in a pediatric outpatient practice; 2) examine feasibility factors relative to extending the current standard of care for PPD screening; and 3) examine visit documentation for at-risk mothers. Design: A prospective cohort study design was used to screen mothers during their infants' 6-month WCV for PPD using the EPDS. Feasibility in adding the 6-month time frame was assessed using an investigator-designed clinical team survey. Visit documentation content was obtained through medical record review. Results: Forty-three postpartum women were included in the study. Prevalence rates among participants were 10%, 12.5%, and 14% for 2-month, 4-month, and 6-month WCVs, respectively. The clinical team found the additional screening at the 6-month visit to be feasible. Documentation for mothers identified to be at-risk varied greatly.Conclusions: Prevalence of PPD among participants is consistent with previously reported rates. Areas identified for improved clinical practice include the content of the visit that is documented in the medical record and reviewed with mothers identified to be at-risk, time allotted for the clinical team to screen new mothers, and appropriate referral to outside sources.
A Review of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Discontinuation in First-Episode Psychosis

"All-causes discontinuation" refers to discontinuation of treatment for any reason, and adherence to medication is an important component of this measure. Two recent landmark studies suggest that adherence is a major issue in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) right from the onset of treatment. In this review, the incidence, reasons for, and clinical outcomes of medication discontinuation in FEP are considered. More than 40% of patients with FEP discontinue medication during the first 9 months of treatment, at which point the chances of relapse increase dramatically. Findings concerning predictors of medication discontinuation in this patient population that have been replicated in more than one study include severity of psychopathology, lack of insight into illness, negative attitudes towards medications, comorbid substance use, and medication side effects. Interventions that have the potential to decrease discontinuation rates in patients with psychotic disorders include orally disintegrating tablets, long-acting injectable drugs, cognitive-behavioral therapy, compliance therapy, family support/intervention, and peer support, although these strategies have largely been unexplored in FEP. In addition to the question of medication discontinuation in the acute treatment of FEP, another important issue is how long patients with FEP should be treated with antipsychotics once they have achieved remission; unfortunately, little evidence is available to guide the decision as to whether medication should be discontinued or maintenance treatment provided in this situation. Studies are therefore needed to identify predictors of patients with remitted FEP who are less likely to relapse when medication is discontinued. Taken together, the findings presented in this article underscore the importance of addressing issues related to medication discontinuation as a means of preventing long-term morbidity and enhancing remission and functional recovery in FEP.
Effect of Low‐ and High‐Fat Meals on Tacrolimus Absorption following 5 mg Single Oral Doses to Healthy Human Subjects

Tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf®) is a macrolide lactone antibiotic widely used by the oral route for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients who have received allogenic liver or kidney transplants. This study investigated the influence of a high‐ versus a low‐fat meal, relative to the fasting state (three treatments total), on the rate and extent of tacrolimus absorption following a single 5 mg oral dose. The protocol employed a three‐period, randomized, crossover design employing 5 × 1 mg capsules in 15 healthy male nonsmoking, drug‐free volunteers, 20 to 45 years of age, who were within 15% of their ideal body weight. Food had a clinically significant effect in reducing relative bioavailability, as well as slowing absorption, but did not affect terminal exponential half‐life (∼34 hours). Mean maximum tacrolimus blood concentration (Cmax) values were 25.6, 5.88, and 9.03 ng/mL for the fasting, high‐fat, and low‐fat treatments, respectively; mean area under the blood concentration‐time curve (AUC(0‐∞)) values were 272, 181, and 201 (ng/mL)‐h, respectively; and mean time of Cmax (tmax) values were 1.37, 6.47, and 3.20 hours, respectively. Differences in parameters between the fasting and each fed treatment were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences also existed in tmax between the two meals. Results also indicated the safety of single 5 mg oral tacrolimus doses administered to healthy volunteers.
One-Year Prevalence and Socio-Cultural Aspects of Chronic Headache in Turkish Immigrants and German Natives

The aim of this research was to study the prevalence of chronic headache (CH) and associated socio-cultural factors in Turkish immigrants and native Germans. Five hundred and twenty-three Turkish and German company employees were screened using a standard questionnaire. Those who suffered from headaches were also examined by a neurologist. Complete data were available for 471 (90%) subjects. Thirty-four participants (7.2%) had CH. Two independent factors for association with CH could be identified: overuse of acute headache medication (OR = 72.5; 95% CI 25.9-202.9), and being a first-generation Turkish immigrant compared with native Germans (OR = 4.4; 95% CI 1.4-13.7). In contrast, the factor associated with chronic headache was not increased in second-generation Turkish immigrants. Medication overuse was significantly more frequent in first-generation Turkish immigrants (21.6%) compared with second-generation Turkish immigrants (3.3%) and native Germans (3.6%; X 2 = 38.0, P < 0.001). First-generation Turkish immigrants did not contact headache specialists at all, compared with 2.8% of second-generation Turkish immigrants and 8.8% of native Germans (X 2 = 118.4, P < 0.001). Likewise no first-generation Turkish immigrant suffering from CH received headache preventive treatment, compared with 6.6% of native Germans (X 2 = 19.1, P = 0.014). The data from this cross-sectional study reveal a high prevalence of chronic headache as well as a very low utilization of adequate medical care in first-generation Turkish immigrants in Germany.
Polymorphisms of the SLCO1B1 gene predict methotrexate‐related toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Methotrexate (MTX) is an important component of the therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Treatment with high‐dose MTX often causes toxicity, recommending a dose reduction and/or cessation of treatment. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the MTX metabolism have been associated with toxicity with controversial results. The discrepancies could be due to differences in treatment protocols among studies, small, or non‐homogeneous populations or the use of different toxicity criteria. The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible correlation of polymorphisms of genes involved in the MTX metabolism with the toxicity during therapy with the well‐established LAL/SHOP protocol.
Association between dopamine beta hydroxylase gene polymorphism and age at onset in male schizophrenia

Objectives: The heterogeneity of schizophrenia mainly results from variations in clinical expressions of the disease, such as age at onset, gender differences in onset of illness, symptoms and response to antipsychotic treatment. Enhanced sensitisation of dopamine pathways in males, having consistently an earlier onset, might be implicated as disease modifiers for schizophrenia in males. Methods: In this study, we performed a case (n = 87)-control (n = 100) association study between the DBH5′-ins/del and DBH-444g/a polymorphisms of the DBH gene and also compared the level of psychotic symptoms between patients with different DBH genotypes/haplotypes with respect to antipsychotic therapeutic response and gender difference. Results: No significant differences between allele and genotype and haplotype frequencies at either groups (p < 0.05). When the age is considered in patient group, a significant difference was observed between patients with ID genotype and with II genotype (p = 0.018). Patients with ID genotype have been diagnosed as schizophrenics in early ages when compared to II genotype carriers. We also found a significant difference between II and ID genotype (p = 0.007) when the gender had taken into account, showing that the ID genotype carriers had an early onset to schizophrenia. Conclusions: This association was more significant in male schizophrenia patients than females. Thus, this finding may constitute a novel biological support for the prior finding that onset of schizophrenia varies with gender. The results also showed that critical genetic vulnerability may be associated with the presence or absence of the ID genotype of DBH5′-ins/del.
Comprehensive Description of Comorbidity for Autism Spectrum Disorder in a General Population.

CONTEXT Few published studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbidity are population based. OBJECTIVE To describe the comorbidity of ASD and disorders listed in the main classes of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) in a general population. DESIGN Direct physician billing data for the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, for the treatment of any presenting concern in the Calgary Health Zone (n = 763,449) from 1994 to 2009 were extracted. Diagnosed ICD-9 disorders (independent variable) were grouped into 17 categories using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. ASD (dependent variable) was classified under ICD-9 Code 299. Individuals with and without independent disorder classes were counted by the presence or absence of any ASD. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of the association were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ORs of ASD comorbidities. RESULTS Annual rates of ASD increased 3.9-fold for males and 1.4-fold for females. Diagnosed disorders ranked by OR in the independent ICD-9 categories indicated that males with ASD had overall higher ORs (> 1.0) in 11 main ICD-9 classes, and females with ASD had higher ORs (> 1.0) in 12 main ICD-9 classes. Males with ASD had lower ORs in 4 main ICD-9 disease classes; females with ASD had lower ORs related only to the main class "complications of pregnancy and childbirth. " Five main ICD-9 classes were not significant for males or females. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ASD have significant comorbidity of physical disorders. This finding may inform other areas of research and assessment in clinical management.
Les chercheurs académiques à la croisée de la science industrielle : le cas d’une université japonaise

La recherche academique est aujourd’hui percue comme un puissant moteur de l’activite economique, confrontant ainsi les chercheurs academiques a de nouvelles demandes et opportunites dans la conduite de leurs travaux. En effet, la creation de savoirs academiques n’est pas le fruit d’individus isoles et coupes du monde, comme nous pouvons parfois l’imaginer. Il s’agit plutot d’un processus complexe ou l’industrie joue un role croissant, en particulier dans certains domaines technologiques. Un equilibre en constante evolution entre les imperatifs universitaires et industriels contribue a faconner l’agenda et les pratiques des chercheurs academiques. Comment la capacite des chercheurs universitaires a produire et diffuser les connaissances scientifiques et techniques est-elle influencee par ce nouvel environnement? C’est la question centrale de cette these. Nous avons construit differents indicateurs et utilise plusieurs approches methodologiques pour apprehender cette question. L’objectif est de caracteriser les mecanismes qui peuvent expliquer l’emergence de nouvelles strategies de production academique, ainsi que leur evolution dans le temps. Nous montrons que les normes et pratiques de la communaute universitaire evoluent en reponse a l’emergence de nouvelles incitations. Neanmoins, les acteurs academiques sont loin d’etre passifs dans ce processus. Nos resultats empiriques sont bases sur l’etude de l’Universite du Tohoku, institution a la pointe de la commercialisation de la science au Japon.
6-mo aerobic exercise intervention enhances the lipid peroxide transport function of HDL

Abstract During acute exercise, the concentration of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids (ox-HDL) is reported to increase suggesting that HDL may function in decreasing the concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipids. However, the effect of exercise intervention on the lipid peroxide transport function of HDL is unknown. A randomized controlled trial with sedentary women (N = 161), aged 43–63, with no current use of hormone therapy, were randomized into a 6-month (mo) exercise group and a control group. During the 6-mo intervention, the concentration of ox-HDL increased in the exercise group by 5% and decreased in the control group by 2% (p = .003). Also, the ratio of ox-HDL to HDL-cholesterol increased by 5% in the exercise group and decreased by 1.5% in the control group (p = .036). The concentrations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and adiponectin did not change during the intervention. The concentration of serum triglycerides trended to decrease by 6% in the intervention group (p = .051). We found that the concentration of ox-HDL increased during the 6-mo aerobic exercise intervention, but the increase was not related to changes in the levels of CETP or adiponectin. These results, together with earlier studies, suggest that HDL has an active role in the reverse transport of lipid peroxides.