Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lymph node metastasis from melanoma with an unknown primary site

Twenty‐six patients, treated surgically between 1961 and 1986 because of lymph node metastasis from melanoma with an unknown primary, were analysed. Six patients had a history of spontaneous regression of a skin lesion. Following node dissection, the overall actuarial disease‐free survival rate was 49 per cent, after both 5 and 10 years. When considered as single factors, female (versus male), one lymph node involved (versus more than one node involved) and site of metastasis in the groin or axilla (versus the neck) were found to have significantly favourable effects on prognosis with 5‐year survival rates of 82 per cent (25 per cent), 82 per cent (27 per cent) and 80 per cent (11 per cent) respectively. However, at multifactorial analysis only the site of cervical metastases maintained a significant influence on survival (P = 0·005). As survival in this series is comparable with, or even better than, that of adequately treated patients with lymph node metastasis from a known primary melanoma, a radical node dissection is essential also in these patients.
Professional values of nurse lecturers at three universities in Colombia

Objective: To describe the professional values of the nurse lectures according to 241 nursing students, who participated voluntarily, in three different universities of Bogotá. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study that applied the Nurses Professional Values Scale—permission secured—Spanish; three dimensions of values were applied: ethics, commitment, and professional knowledge. Ethical consideration: Project had ethical review and approval from an ethics committee and participants were given information sheets to read before they agreed to participate in the project. Findings: It was concluded that nursing students, in general, do perceive these values in their professors, and they give priority to the dimension of ethics, followed by the knowledge dimension, and finally, commitment. Discussion: It is evident that professional values are transmitted by professors and students place importance to such values. Values related to the other’s care are paramount in nursing training in Colombia as well as in other countries. Conclusion: It was found that participating students observed professors directly in relation to values focused on direct patient care, respect for privacy, respect for life, while matters related to professional improvement, participation in unions were not actually analyzed may be due to poor promotion activities and unions during undergraduate studies. The results obtained are primary approach to the study of values related to nursing, a topic which needs to be researched, something vital to all the country offering nursing training programs.
A New Fluorescence Reaction in DNA Cytochemistry: Microscopic and Spectroscopic Studies on the Aromatic Diamidino Compound M&B 938

We describe the fluorescence properties and cytochemical applications of the aromatic diamidine M&B 938. Treatment of cell smears (chicken blood, Ehrlich ascites tumor, rat bone marrow, mouse mast cells, and Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes) with aqueous solutions of M&B 938 (0.5–1 μg/ml at pH 6–7; UV excitation) induced bright bluish-white fluorescence in DNA-containing structures (interphase and mitotic chromatin, AT-rich kinetoplast DNA of T. cruzi), which was abolished by previous DNA extraction. DNA was the unique fluorescent polyanion after staining with M&B 938 at neutral or alkaline pH, other polyanions such as RNA and heparin showing no emission. M&B 938-stained mouse metaphase chromosomes revealed high fluorescence of the AT-rich centromeric heterochromatin, and strong emission of heterochromatin in human chromosomes 1, 9, 15, 16, and Y was found after distamycin A counterstaining. On agarose gel electrophoresis, M&B 938-stained DNA markers appeared as fluorescent bands. The 1.635-kBP fragment from DNA ladder revealed a higher emission value than that expected from linear regression analysis. Spectroscopic studies showed bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts in the absorption spectrum of M&B 938 complexed with DNA, as well as strong enhancement of fluorescence at 420 nm. In the presence of poly(dA)-poly(dT), the emission of M&B 938 was 4.25-fold higher than with DNA; no fluorescence was observed with poly(dG)-poly(dC). Experimental results and considerations of the chemical structure suggest that the minor groove of AT regions of DNA could be the specific binding site for M&B 938, which shows interesting properties and useful applications as a new DNA fluorochrome.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Examining the Effects of Working Memory Capacity on Spoken Word Recognition in Older Adults Using Eye Tracking

Difficulties understanding speech form one of the most prevalent complaints among older adults. Successful speech perception depends on top-down linguistic and cognitive processes that interact with the bottom-up sensory processing of the incoming acoustic information. The relative roles of these processes in age-related difficulties in speech perception, especially when listening conditions are not ideal, are still unclear. In the current study, we asked whether older adults with a larger working memory capacity process speech more efficiently than peers with lower capacity when speech is presented in noise, with another task performed in tandem. Using the Eye-tracking of Word Identification in Noise Under Memory Increased Load (E-WINDMIL) an adapted version of the “visual world” paradigm, 36 older listeners were asked to follow spoken instructions presented in background noise, while retaining digits for later recall under low (single-digit) or high (four-digits) memory load. In critical trials, instructions (e.g., “point at the candle”) directed listeners’ gaze to pictures of objects whose names shared onset or offset sounds with the name of a competitor that was displayed on the screen at the same time (e.g., candy or sandal). We compared listeners with different memory capacities on the time course for spoken word recognition under the two memory loads by testing eye-fixations on a named object, relative to fixations on an object whose name shared phonology with the named object. Results indicated two trends. (1) For older adults with lower working memory capacity, increased memory load did not affect online speech processing, however, it impaired offline word recognition accuracy. (2) The reverse pattern was observed for older adults with higher working memory capacity: increased task difficulty significantly decreases online speech processing efficiency but had no effect on offline word recognition accuracy. Results suggest that in older adults, adaptation to adverse listening conditions is at least partially supported by cognitive reserve. Therefore, additional cognitive capacity may lead to greater resilience of older listeners to adverse listening conditions. The differential effects documented by eye movements and accuracy highlight the importance of using both online and offline measures of speech processing to explore age-related changes in speech perception.
Evolution on “ realistic ” fitness landscapes ∗ Phase transitions , strong quasispecies , and neutrality

Evolution through mutation and selection in populations of asexually replicating entities is modeled by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that are derived from chemical kinetics of replication. The solutions of the mutationselection equation are obtained in terms of the eigenvectors of the value matrix W = Q · F with Q being the matrix of mutation frequencies and F the diagonal matrix of fitness values. The stationary mutant distribution of the population is given by the largest eigenvector of W called quasispecies Ῡ. In absence of neutrality a single variant, the master sequence Xm, is present at highest concentration. The stationary frequency of mutants is determined by their Hamming distance from the master, by their fitness values, and by the fitness of their neighbors in sequence space. The quasispecies as a function of the mutation rate, Ῡ(p), may show a sharp transition from an ordered regime into the uniform distribution (Π) at p = p cr that is called error threshold. Three phenomena that are separable on model landscapes coincide at p = p cr: (i) steep decay in the concentration of the master sequence, (ii) phase transition like behavior, and (iii) a wide range of random replication where Ῡ is the uniform distribution. “Realistic” model landscapes based on current knowledge of nucleic acid structures and functions show error thresholds but also other sharp transitions, where one quasispecies distribution is replaced by another quasispecies with a different master sequence at critical mutation rates p = p tr. Groups of nearest neighbors of high fitness are strongly coupled by mutation, behave like a single entity and are unlikely to be replaced in phase transitions. Such “strong quasispecies” – consisting of a master sequence and its most frequent mutants – maintain their identity over the entire range of mutation frequencies from p = 0 to the error threshold at p = p cr. Neutrality in the sense of identical fitness values for two or more sequences with Hamming distances dH < 3 leads to strongly coupled clusters of variants, which remain stable in the limit lim p → 0. Nearest neighbor or next nearest neighbor sequences appear at fixed ratios in the stationary distributions. Random selection of sequences by random drift occurs only at Hamming distances dH ≥ 3.
Nonequilibrium Dynamics and Magnetoviscosity of Moderately Concentrated Magnetic Liquids: A dynamic Mean-field Study

A mean-field Fokker-Planck equation approach to the dynamics of ferrofluids in the presence of a magnetic field and velocity gradients is proposed that incorporates magnetic dipole-dipole interactions of the colloidal particles. The model allows to study the combined effect of a magnetic field and dipolar interactions on the viscosity of the ferrofluid. It is found that dipolar interactions lead to additional non-Newtonian contributions to the stress tensor, which modify the behavior of the non-interacting system. The predictions of the present model are in qualitative agreement with experimental results, such as the enhancement as well as the different anisotropy of the magnetoviscous effect and the dependence on the symmetric velocity gradient.
Opioid Use in Knee Arthroplasty After Receiving Intravenous Acetaminophen

Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen may be an effective component of multimodal postoperative pain management. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of IV acetaminophen on total opioid use in postoperative patients. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of IV acetaminophen on hospital length of stay.
Development of a Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score

Background. An organ dysfunction (OD) scoring system for critically ill children is not yet available, and the method for developing such a system is not well defined. The aim of this study was to compare two developmental methods for assessing OD in critically ill children. Methods. Consecutive admissions between January and May 1997 in three French and Canadian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) were studied prospectively. Physiologic data were selected using a Delphi method; the most ab normal values during PICU stay were recorded. The outcome measure was the vital status at PICU discharge. Six organ systems were studied: hepatic, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, respiratory, and neurologic. For each of the six organ systems, the PEdiatric Multiple OD (PEMOD) system included one variable and the PEdiatric Lo gistic OD (PELOD) system included several variables. Severity levels and relative weights of ODs were determined according to the mortality rate (PEMOD) or by logistic regression (PELOD). Results. There were 594 admissions, including 51 deaths (9%). Severity levels and relative weights of ODs were: four levels graded from 1 to 4 for the PEMOD system and three levels with scores of 1, 10, and 20 for PELOD system. For both systems, calibrations were good (p = 0.23 and p = 0.44 respectively). The PELOD system was more discriminant than the PEMOD system (areas under the ROC curves 0.98 and 0.92, respectively, p < 10 -5). Moreover, with the PEMOD system, four ODs did not contribute significantly to the prediction of PICU outcome. Conclusions. The PELOD system was more discriminant and had the advantage of taking into ac count both the relative severities among ODs and the degree of severity of each OD. Key words: intensive care unit; multiple organ failure; outcome measure; patient out come assessment; pediatric severity of illness index. (Med Decis Making 1999;19: 399-410)
Morphology of Aortic Arch in Rabbits with Atherosclerosis Treated with Resveratrol

Objective: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatorycondition associatedwith the production of oxidative species. The phenoliccompound, resveratrol, seems to have cardioprotective activities preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. In this study we investigated the effect of resveratrol on prevention of induced atheromatosis, through the morphological study of the segment of aortic arch in White New Zealand rabbits. Study design: 20 rabbits were divided into four groups which received the following diet for 60 days: control group (CT) normal ration; resveratrol group (R) normal ration and resveratrol (3 mg/kg/day); cholesterol group (CL) 1.5% of cholesterol added to the ration; group cholesterol plus resveratrol (CR) 1.5% of cholesterol added to the ration and resveratrol (3 mg/kg/day). The analysis of the atherosclerotic lesions were performed by the means of appropriate histological techniques.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Channel Inversion and Regularization Revisited

In multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MISO) downlink, linear precoders like channel inversion (CI) and regularized CI (RCI) are more desirable than their nonlinear counter-parts due to their reduced complexity. To achieve the full bene ﬁ ts of linear precoding, the availability of perfect channel state information (CSI) at base stations (BSs) is necessary. Since in practice, having access to perfect CSI is not pragmatic, in this paper, we evaluate the performance of CI and RCI under a generalized, imperfect CSI model where the variance of the channel estimation error depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thus covers digital and analog feedbacks as two special cases. Then, based on this imperfect CSI model, we quantify the asymptotic mean loss in sum rate and the achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs) by deriving the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of each user. For example, it is shown that the achievable DoF is directly related to the SNR exponent of the channel estimation error variance. Also, two asymptotic gaps to capacity for the analog feedback are derived: mean loss in sum rate and power loss. In addition, we propose an adaptive RCI technique by deriving an appropriate regularization parameter as a function of the error variance and without imposing any restrictions on the number of users or antennas. It is shown that in the presence of CSI mismatch, while the comparative improvement of the standard RCI to CI becomes negligible, the adaptive RCI compensates this degraded performance of the standard RCI without introducing any extra computational complexity. & 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cucurbitacin I inhibits tumorigenic ability and enhances radiochemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer‐derived CD133‐positive cells

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling reportedly promotes tumor malignancy and recurrence in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It was demonstrated previously that the STAT3 pathway maintains the tumorigenicity and therapeutic resistance of malignant tumors as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs). The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of the strong STAT3 inhibitor, cucurbitacin I, in prominin‐1 (CD133)‐positive lung cancer cells.
How big can a black hole grow

I show that there is a physical limit to the mass of a black hole, above which it cannot grow through luminous accretion of gas, and so cannot appear as a quasar or active galactic nucleus (AGN). The limit is Mmax ≃ 5 × 1010 M⊙ for typical parameters, but can reach Mmax ≃ 2.7 × 1011 M⊙ in extreme cases (e.g. maximal prograde spin). The largest black hole masses so far found are close to but below the limit. The Eddington luminosity ≃6.5 × 1048 erg s−1 corresponding to Mmax is remarkably close to the largest AGN bolometric luminosity so far observed. The mass and luminosity limits both rely on a reasonable but currently untestable hypothesis about AGN disc formation, so future observations of extreme supermassive black hole masses can therefore probe fundamental disc physics. Black holes can in principle grow their masses above Mmax by non-luminous means such as mergers with other holes, but cannot become luminous accretors again. They might nevertheless be detectable in other ways, for example through gravitational lensing. I show further that black holes with masses ∼Mmax can probably grow above the values specified by the black-hole–host-galaxy scaling relations, in agreement with observation.
The cascade vulnerability problem

A cascade problem exists in a network of computers when data of a security level d can be passed to a user with a lower security clearance u elsewhere on the network without having to defeat any single component of the system that has an accreditation range great enough to allow users of level u and data of level d on a single system. An algorithm of time complexity O(an/sup 3/) and space complexity O(an/sup 2/) is given to solve the cascade detection problem. Also, the cascade correction problem, to remove all cascading paths from a network for a given cost, under restrictive conditions is shown to be NP-complete. <<ETX>>
Life-Stage Variation in Insecticide Resistance of the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

ABSTRACT The life-stage variations in insecticide resistance of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to selective insecticides (acrinathrin, formetanate, and methiocarb) were studied using resistant laboratory strains. In each strain, the second-instar larva was less susceptible to the insecticides tested than the adults. The lower the resistance level of the adults, the higher the difference between larva and adult susceptibility: 32-fold to methiocarb, 15.4-fold to formetanate, and 180-fold to acrinathrin in the reference strain. In laboratory-selected resistant strains, these differences were much lower: 5.8-fold to methiocarb, 4.8-fold to formetanate, and 2.0-fold to acrinathrin. In selected strains, higher resistance levels for each insecticide were found, both for larvae and adults, compared with the reference strain. These results show that after insecticide resistance selection in adults, the resistance is carried over to the larvae, but at lower levels.
Effects of obesity on the development of uterine leiomyomata: a retrospective study of 169 women who had myomectomy in southern Nigeria

This is a retrospective study of 169 women who had myomectomy for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata in Lagos, Nigeria between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. This study aimed at ascertaining the relationship between uterine leiomyomata and obesity. The patients in this series were in their reproductive age with peak incidence amongst the 35-44 years age group (57.23% of study population). Majority of these subjects (69.16%) were obese (BMI ≥ 25 in this series). They were predominantly nulliparous women (83.23%) and mostly of the middle socioeconomic class. There was no statistical significant difference between social class and obesity, duration of symptom and preoperative uterine size, parity and pre-operative uterine size, parity and number of fibroid nodules shelled out at surgery, and between obesity and the number of fibroids shelled out at surgery. The commonest post-operative complications were haemorrhage (42.86%), anaemia (32.65%), sepsis (12.24%) and wound dehiscence (10.20%). A statistical significant association exists between obesity and development of post-operative complications but NOT in the overall morbidity of patients with fibroids in terms of duration of hospitalization. In conclusion, obesity does not appear to influence growth of uterine leiomyomata but impacts significantly on occurrence of post-operative complications.
Capillary pressure in deep and superficial glomeruli of the rat kidney.

A new technique has been developed to make deep renal cortical structures in rats accessible for micropuncture: The left kidney is dissected free and immobilized in a lucite cup. A lense-shaped slice, 1--2 mm thick and about 5 x 5 mm wide, is cut off from the dorsal aspect of the kidney. Blood oozing from the cut surface is removed by flushing with saline and suction by microsponges. The bleeding stops in 1--3 min and causes none or only transient fall in arterial pressure (PA). Up to 40 glomeruli become visible and remain circulated for several hours, as shown by injection of dye or silicone rubber. Glomerular capillary pressures (PG), measured with servocontrolled counter pressure (Wiederhielm), showed no consistent change with time and no correlation to PA. Average PG +/- S.E. in mmHg (number of glomeruli in parentheses) were: Wistar rats (WR), Inactin anesthesia, 57.8 +/- 1.4 (41), Membumal anesthesia, 58.1 +/- 1.3 (13). Sprague Dawley rats, Inactin, 58.1 +/- 1.7 (14). In WR, PG was lower in deep than in midcortical glomeruli: less than or equal to 0.4 mm below kidney surface, 57.9 +/- 1.8 (20); 0.5--0.9 mm: 60.5 +/- 1.5 (20) and greater than or equal to 1.0 mm: 53.8 +/- 2.5 (13). Pressure in Bowman's capsule: 11.2 +/- 0.6 (30). The observed PG is higher than previously reported on the Munich mutant strain of WR, and suggests that glomerular filtration equilibrium is not reached.
TGF-β1 Promotes Autophagy and Inhibits Apoptosis in Breast Cancer by Targeting TP63

Background Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent female cancer, which has high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of BC has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that TGF-β1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis of tumor. We aim to clarify the specific mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer maintaining the tumor microenvironment. Methods The clinical characteristics of 850 BC patients were retrieved from the TCGA database. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) between tumor and normal tissues were obtained by the Wilcox test. Through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the prognostic risk model was constructed and verified by the ROC curve. We used MDC staining, colony formation assay, CCK-8, flow cytometric analysis to confirm the importance of TGF-β1 on the autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, western blot was performed to determine the relative expression of protein. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was utilized to identify the prognostic value of TP63. Results We successfully constructed a prognostic risk model of breast cancer and screened out an autophagy-related prognostic gene -TP63. We predicted that TGF-β1 and TP63 have a binding site in the JASPAR database as expected. Additionally, TGF-β1 promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of TP63. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the molecular mechanism of TGF-β/TP63 signaling in regulating autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer and provided a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer.