Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of visual scene and grid displays for people with chronic aphasia: a pilot study to improve communication using AAC

ABSTRACT Background: People with aphasia are using technology-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices to support their communication. Typically, messages in AAC devices are organised using the following two interfaces: (a) grid displays that organise symbols into semantic categories (e.g., food) and (b) scene displays that organise photographs contextually. However, there is no published research comparing the influence of these displays across communicative outcome variables. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a grid display and a scene display across several communicative variables (e.g., conversational turns) during conversational interactions with a communication partner (CP). Additionally, we investigated generalisation to an untrained second conversation in one of the two participants. Methods & Procedures: Two experiments were conducted, and each included a different participant with chronic Broca’s aphasia. In Experiment 1, the participant watched an I Love Lucy episode and was trained to use the grid and scene displays for communicative purposes (e.g., formulating messages with the AAC device). After training, the participant engaged in conversations with a CP using either the grid display or the scene display. Experiment 2 followed the same procedures as Experiment 1; however, this participant watched a second I Love Lucy episode. She did not receive any grid display or scene display training for the second episode. The investigators examined (a) the total conversation time, (b) the number of conversational turns, instances of frustration, and navigational errors, (c) conceptual complexity of utterances, and (d) question response accuracy (measured as a percentage). Results: Descriptive analyses revealed that the participants’ communicative outcomes were superior in the scene display conditions. Specifically, a greater number of conversational turns were taken with fewer instances of frustration and navigational errors. The utterances in the scene display conditions were longer and more complex than utterances in the grid display conditions. Probe question response accuracy was greater in the scene display condition in comparison with grid display condition. Conclusion: The experiments represent a preliminary attempt to measure communicative competence in persons with aphasia (PWA) using different displays. The results suggest that scene displays facilitate a greater number of conversational turns for PWA than the grid displays. Additionally, utterance complexity was greater in the scene display condition. However, these results are limited to two individuals with aphasia, and systematic replication is warranted.
Parallel Programming Framework for H.264/AVC Video Encoding in Multicore Systems

Among the several multimedia applications that have emerged along the past decade, video encoding has gained a particular relevance in a vast set of domains. However, it is also one of the most computational demanding. In particular, the recognized success of the latest generation of video standards, such as the H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 (or AVC), is mainly due to its remarkable encoding performance in what concerns the relation between the output video quality and resulting bit-rate, at the cost of a significant increase of the computational complexity. As a consequence, real-time encoding by exploiting the whole set of offered encoding mechanisms is still far beyond the capabilities of most computational systems.
Determinantes contextuais da mortalidade neonatal no Rio Grande do Sul por dois modelos de análise

OBJETIVO: Analisar os determinantes da mortalidade neonatal, segundo modelo de regressao logistica multinivel e modelo hierarquico classico. METODOS: Estudo de coorte com 138.407 nascidos vivos com declaracao de nascimento e 1.134 obitos neonatais registrados em 2003 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram vinculados os registros do Sistema de Informacoes sobre Nascidos Vivos e Mortalidade para o levantamento das informacoes sobre exposicao no nivel individual. As variaveis independentes incluiram caracteristicas da crianca ao nascer, da gestacao, da assistencia a saude e fatores sociodemograficos. Fatores associados foram estimados e comparados por meio da analise de regressao logistica classica e multinivel. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi 8,19 por mil nascidos vivos. As variaveis que se mostraram associadas ao obito neonatal no modelo hierarquico foram: baixo peso ao nascer, Apgar no 1o e 5o minutos inferiores a oito, presenca de anomalia congenita, prematuridade e perda fetal anterior. Cesariana apresentou efeito protetor. No modelo multinivel, a perda fetal anterior nao se manteve significativa, mas a inclusao da variavel contextual (taxa de pobreza) indicou que 15% da variacao da mortalidade neonatal podem ser explicados pela variabilidade nas taxas de pobreza em cada microrregiao. CONCLUSOES: O uso de modelos multiniveis foi capaz de mostrar pequeno efeito dos determinantes contextuais na mortalidade neonatal. Foi observada associacao positiva com a taxa de pobreza, no modelo geral, e com o percentual de domicilios com abastecimento de agua entre os nascidos pre-termos.
Multiscale preferential sweeping of particles settling in turbulence

In a seminal article, Maxey (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 174, 1987, pp. 441–465) presented a theoretical analysis showing that enhanced particle settling speeds in turbulence occur through the preferential sweeping mechanism, which depends on the preferential sampling of the fluid velocity gradient field by the inertial particles. However, recent direct numerical simulation (DNS) results in Ireland et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 796, 2016b, pp. 659–711) show that even in a portion of the parameter space where this preferential sampling is absent, the particles nevertheless exhibit enhanced settling velocities. Further, there are several outstanding questions concerning the role of different turbulent flow scales on the enhanced settling, and the role of the Taylor Reynolds number $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ . The analysis of Maxey does not explain these issues, partly since it was restricted to particle Stokes numbers $St\ll 1$ . To address these issues, we have developed a new theoretical result, valid for arbitrary $St$ , that reveals the multiscale nature of the mechanism generating the enhanced settling speeds. In particular, it shows how the range of scales at which the preferential sweeping mechanism operates depends on $St$ . This analysis is complemented by results from DNS where we examine the role of different flow scales on the particle settling speeds by coarse graining the underlying flow. The results show how the flow scales that contribute to the enhanced settling depend on $St$ , and that contrary to previous claims, there can be no single turbulent velocity scale that characterizes the enhanced settling speed. The results explain the dependence of the particle settling speeds on $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ , and show how the saturation of this dependence at sufficiently large $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ depends upon $St$ . The results also show that as the Stokes settling velocity of the particles is increased, the flow scales of the turbulence responsible for enhancing the particle settling speed become larger. Finally, we explored the multiscale nature of the preferential sweeping mechanism by considering how particles preferentially sample the fluid velocity gradients coarse grained at various scales. The results show that while rapidly settling particles do not preferentially sample the fluid velocity gradients, they do preferentially sample the fluid velocity gradients coarse grained at scales outside of the dissipation range. This explains the findings of Ireland et al., and further illustrates the truly multiscale nature of the mechanism generating enhanced particle settling speeds in turbulence.
Spherical collapse, formation hysteresis and the deeply non-linear cosmological power spectrum

I examine differences in non-linear structure formation between cosmological models that share a $z=0$ linear power spectrum in both shape and amplitude, but that differ via their growth history. $N$-body simulations of these models display an approximately identical large-scale-structure skeleton, but reveal deeply non-linear differences in the demographics and properties of haloes. I investigate to what extent the spherical-collapse model can help in understanding these differences, in both real and redshift space. I discuss how this is difficult to do if one attempts to identify haloes directly, because in that case one is subject to the vagaries of halo finding algorithms. However, I demonstrate that the halo model of structure formation provides an accurate non-linear response in the power spectrum, but only if results from spherical collapse that include formation hysteresis are properly incorporated. I comment on how this fact can be used to provide per cent level accurate matter power spectrum predictions for dark energy models for $k\leq5\,h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ by using the halo model as a correction to accurate $\Lambda$CDM simulations. In the appendix I provide some fitting functions for the linear-collapse threshold ($\delta_\mathrm{c}$) and virialized overdensity ($\Delta_\mathrm{v}$) that are valid for a wide range of dark energy models. I also make my spherical-collapse code available at this https URL
Size evolution of star-forming galaxies with 2

Context. The size of a galaxy encapsulates the signature of the different physical processes driving its evolution. The distribution of galaxy sizes in the Universe as a function of cosmic time is therefore a key to understand galaxy evolution. Aims. We aim to measure the average sizes and size distributions of galaxies as they are assembling before the peak in the comoving star formation rate density of the Universe to better understand the evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. Methods. We used a sample of similar to 1200 galaxies in the COSMOS and ECDFS fields with confirmed spectroscopic redshifts 2 \textless= z(spec) \textless= 4 : 5 in the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), representative of star-forming galaxies with i(AB) \textless= 25. We first derived galaxy sizes by applying a classical parametric profile-fitting method using GALFIT. We then measured the total pixel area covered by a galaxy above a given surface brightness threshold, which overcomes the difficulty of measuring sizes of galaxies with irregular shapes. We then compared the results obtained for the equivalent circularized radius enclosing 100% of the measured galaxy light r(T)(100) to those obtained with the effective radius re; circ measured with GALFIT. Results. We find that the sizes of galaxies computed with our non-parametric approach span a wide range but remain roughly constant on average with a median value r(T)(100) similar to 2 : 2 kpc for galaxies with 2 \textless z \textless 4 : 5. This is in stark contrast with the strong downward evolution of r(e) with increasing redshift, down to sizes of \textless 1 kpc at z similar to 4 : 5. We analyze the difference and find that parametric fitting of complex, asymmetric, multicomponent galaxies is severely underestimating their sizes. By comparing r(T)(100) with physical parameters obtained through fitting the spectral energy distribution we find that the star-forming galaxies that are the largest at any redshift are, on average, more massive and form more stars. We discover that galaxies present more concentrated light profiles with increasing redshifts. We interpret these results as the signature of several, possibly different, evolutionary paths of galaxies in their early stages of assembly, including major and minor merging or star formation in multiple bright regions.
CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF X-RAY POINT SOURCES IN NEARBY GALAXIES. II. X-RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AND ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES

Based on the recently completed Chandra/ACIS survey of X-ray point sources in nearby galaxies, we study the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) for X-ray point sources in different types of galaxies and the statistical properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Uniform procedures are developed to compute the detection threshold, to estimate the foreground/background contamination, and to calculate the XLFs for individual galaxies and groups of galaxies, resulting in an XLF library of 343 galaxies of different types. With the large number of surveyed galaxies, we have studied the XLFs and ULX properties across different host galaxy types, and confirm with good statistics that the XLF slope flattens from lenticular (α ∼ 1.50 ± 0.07) to elliptical (∼1.21 ± 0.02), to spirals (∼0.80 ± 0.02), to peculiars (∼0.55 ± 0.30), and to irregulars (∼0.26 ± 0.10). The XLF break dividing the neutron star and black hole binaries is also confirmed, albeit at quite different break luminosities for different types of galaxies. A radial dependency is found for ellipticals, with a flatter XLF slope for sources located between D25 and 2D25, suggesting the XLF slopes in the outer region of early-type galaxies are dominated by low-mass X-ray binaries in globular clusters. This study shows that the ULX rate in early-type galaxies is 0.24 ± 0.05 ULXs per surveyed galaxy, on a 5σ confidence level. The XLF for ULXs in late-type galaxies extends smoothly until it drops abruptly around 4 × 1040 erg s−1, and this break may suggest a mild boundary between the stellar black hole population possibly including 30 M⊙ black holes with super-Eddington radiation and intermediate mass black holes.
Infalling clouds on to supermassive black hole binaries - I. Formation of discs, accretion and gas dynamics

There is compelling evidence that most -if not all- galaxies harbour a super-massive black hole (SMBH) at their nucleus, hence binaries of these massive objects are an inevitable product of the hierarchical evolution of structures in the universe, and represent an important but thus-far elusive phase of galaxy evolution. Gas accretion via a circumbinary disc is thought to be important for the dynamical evolution of SMBH binaries, as well as in producing luminous emission that can be used to infer their properties. One plausible source of the gaseous fuel is clumps of gas formed due to turbulence and gravitational instabilities in the interstellar medium, that later fall toward and interact with the binary. In this context, we model numerically the evolution of turbulent clouds in near-radial infall onto equal-mass SMBH binaries, using a modified version of the SPH code GADGET-3. We present a total of 12 simulations that explore different possible pericentre distances and relative inclinations, and show that the formation of circumbinary discs and discs around each SMBH ('mini-discs') depend on those parameters. We also study the dynamics of the formed discs, and the variability of the feeding rate onto the SMBHs in the different configurations.
Magnetic ordering and multiferroicity in MnI2

Density-functional calculations are carried out to investigate incommensurate magnetic structures and ferroelectric polarization in the newly discovered multiferroic material MnI2. The exchange interactions among local moments on Mn are parameterized by mapping the mean-field Heisenberg model on to the total energy difference of several magnetic ordering states. The experimentally observed noncollinear magnetic states are well reproduced by using this model and exchange interaction parameters. The direction of polarization experimentally measured is also consistent with the result derived from the symmetry analysis of the magnetically ordered state. In particular, we find that the interplane magnetic exchange coupling is pivotal to the emergence of the spiral magnetic structure. This noncollinear magnetic structure, combined with spin-orbit coupling mainly from I ions, is responsible for the appearance of ferroelectric polarization.
Evidence that Relationship Quality, Social Support, and SSRI Use Do Not Account for the Shared Underlying Relationships among Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Female Sexual Dysfunction

Recent research has suggested that the shared characteristics and co-occurrence among depression, anxiety, and female sexual dysfunction may represent a shared underlying liability (i.e., the internalizing spectrum, which traditionally accounts for the overlap between depression and anxiety in psychopathology research). To date, however, whether common covariates shared by these symptom domains might instead account for the interrelationships has not been examined. Three such potential confounders include intimate relationship quality, social support, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use. We therefore aimed to examine whether and to what extent controlling for these covariates affects the structure of an internalizing spectrum model that includes sexual problems. Participants (n = 525, mean [SD] age = 32 [11.1]) were women who participated in an online self-report survey and were in a current intimate relationship. Hierarchical exploratory structural equation models of the internalizing spectrum were compared before and after controlling for relationship quality, social support, and SSRI use and were markedly similar, indicating that the model was robust. This study provides further evidence that the internalizing spectrum can account for the relationships among depression, anxiety, and low sexual function in women, which has potential implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Cosmc is required for T cell persistence in the periphery.

T lymphocytes, a key arm of adaptive immunity, are known to dynamically regulate O-glycosylation during T cell maturation and when responding to stimuli; however, the direct role of O-glycans in T cell maturation remains largely unknown. Using a conditional knockout of the gene (C1GalT1C1 or Cosmc) encoding the specific chaperone Cosmc, we generated mice whose T cells lack extended O-glycans (T cell Conditional Cosmc Knock Out or TCKO mice) and homogeneously express the truncated Tn antigen. Loss of Cosmc is highly deleterious to T cell persistence, with near-complete elimination of Cosmc-null T cells from spleen and lymph nodes. Total T cell counts are 20% of wild type, among which only 5% express the truncated glycans, with the remaining 95% consisting of escapers from Cre-mediated recombination. TCKO thymocytes were able to complete thymic maturation but failed to populate the secondary lymphoid organs both natively and upon adoptive transfer to wild type recipients. Our results demonstrate that extended O-glycosylation is required for the establishment and maintenance of the peripheral T cell population.
Is active recovery during cold water immersion better than active or passive recovery in thermoneutral water for post-recovery high intensity sprint interval performance?

High intensity exercise is impaired by increased esophageal temperature (Tes) above 38°C, and/or decreased muscle temperature (Tmus). We compared the effects of three 30-min recovery strategies following a first set of three 30-s Wingate tests (S1), on a similar post-recovery set of Wingate tests (S2). Recovery conditions were: passive recovery in thermoneutral (34°C) water (Passive-TN); active recovery (underwater cycling; ~33% maximum power), in thermoneutral (Active-TN); or cold (15°C) water (Active-C). Tes rose for all conditions by the end of S1 (~1.0°C). After recovery, Tes returned to baseline in both Active-C and Passive-TN, but remained elevated in Active-TN (P < 0.05). At the end of S2, Tes was lower in Active-C (37.2°C) than both Passive-TN (38.1°C) and Active-TN (38.8°C) (P < 0.05). From S1 to S2 mean power did not change with Passive-TN (+0.2%), increased with Active-TN (+2.4%; P < 0.05) and decreased with Active-C (-3.2%; P < 0.05). Heart rate was similar between conditions throughout, except at end-recovery; it was lower in Passive-TN (92 beats·min-1) than both exercise conditions (Active-TN, 126 beats·min-1; Active-C, 116 beats·min-1) (P < 0.05). Although Active-C significantly reduced Tes, the best post-recovery performance occurred with Active-TN. • An initial set of 3 Wingates increased Tes to ~38°C. • 30 min of Active-C was well tolerated, and decreased Tes and blood lactate to baseline values, but decreased subsequent Wingate performance.
Unveiling Temporal Nonlinear Structure–Rheology Relationships under Dynamic Shearing

Understanding how microscopic rearrangements manifest in macroscopic flow responses is one of the central goals of nonlinear rheological studies. Using the sequence-of-physical-processes framework, we present a natural 3D structure–rheology space that temporally correlates the structural and nonlinear viscoelastic parameters. Exploiting the rheo-small-angle neutron scattering (rheo-SANS) techniques, we demonstrate the use of the framework with a model system of polymer-like micelles (PLMs), where we unveil a sequence of microscopic events that micelles experience under dynamic shearing across a range of frequencies. The least-aligned state of the PLMs is observed to migrate from the total strain extreme toward zero strain with increasing frequency. Our proposed 3D space is generic, and can be equally applied to other soft materials under any sort of deformation, such as startup shear or uniaxial extension. This work therefore provides a natural approach for researchers to study complex out-of-equilibrium structure–rheology relationships of soft materials.
The development of a short form of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) is a widely used instrument that assesses common symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The DSQ has strong psychometric properties; however, it consists of 99 items, and the energy limitations and cognitive difficulties experienced by individuals with ME and CFS may hinder their ability to easily complete the questionnaire. METHOD The current study examined symptom prevalence and discriminative ability to develop a short form of the DSQ (DSQ-SF). RESULTS The resulting short form questionnaire consists of 14 items that were highly prevalent among individuals with ME and CFS. Additionally, the items demonstrated the ability to differentiate individuals with ME and CFS from adult controls and, to a lesser extent, individuals with multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The DSQ-SF may serve as an effective, brief screening tool for symptoms of ME and CFS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Class groups and Selmer groups

It is often the case that a Selmer group of an abelian variety and a group related to an ideal class group can both be naturally embedded into the same cohomology group. One hopes to compute one from the other by finding how close each is to their intersection. In this paper we compute the two groups and their intersection explicitly in the local case and put together the local information to get sharp upper bounds in the global case. The techniques in this paper can be used for arbitrary abelian varieties, isogenies and number fields assuming a frequently occurring condition. Several examples are worked out for the Jacobians of elliptic and hyperelliptic curves.