Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of aspirin combinations with caffeine and increasing headache frequency: a prospective population-based study

Abstract Combinations of analgesics with caffeine have been discussed as bearing a risk for headache chronicity. We investigated whether aspirin with caffeine (ASA+) increases headache frequency compared with aspirin alone in migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and migraine + TTH (MigTTH). The population-based German Headache Consortium Study, which included participants aged 18 to 65 years, collected information about headache and analgesics at baseline (2003-2007, t0, response rate: 55.2%), first follow-up after 1.87 ± 0.39 years (t1, 37.2%), and second follow-up after 3.26 ± 0.60 years (t2, 38.8%). We included participants with headache at t0, aspirin intake, ASA+ or no analgesics at t0 and t2, and known headache frequency. Linear regression was used to estimate changes of headache frequency (&Dgr;t2−t0) and 95% confidence intervals depending on analgesic intake, stratified by headache subtypes, adjusting for sex, age, analgesics at t1, changes of headache frequency at t1, drinking, smoking, body mass index, education, headache frequency at t0. Of 509 participants (56.0% women, 42.0 ± 11.8 years [mean ± SD]), 45.2% reported aspirin intake (41.3 ± 10.9 years, 59.6% women, headache days at t0: 2.8 ± 3.1 d/mo, t2: 3.6 ± 4.1 d/mo), 11.8% ASA+ intake (46.0 ± 9.8 years, 73.3%, t0: 4.8 ± 6.1 d/mo, t2: 5.3 ± 5.1 d/mo), and 43.0% no analgesics (41.6 ± 13.1 years, 47.5%, t0: 3.8 ± 6.2 d/mo, t2: 5.3 ± 6.6 d/mo). There was no increase in headache frequency in participants with ASA+ intake compared with aspirin (adjusted, all headache: −0.34 d/mo [95% confidence intervals: −2.50 to 1.82], migraine: −1.36 d/mo [−4.76 to 2.03], TTH: −0.57 d/mo [−4.97 to 3.84], MigTTH: 2.46 d/mo [−5.19 to 10.10]) or no analgesics (all headache: −2.24 d/mo [−4.54 to 0.07], migraine: −3.77 d/mo [−9.22 to 1.68], TTH: −4.68 d/mo [−9.62 to 0.27]; MigTTH: −3.22 d/mo [−10.16 to 3.71]). In our study, ASA+ intake did not increase headache frequency compared with aspirin or no analgesics.
Morphological characterization of the nymphs rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae). Description of the testes, integument, malpighian tubules, and midgut on the detachment day

This study presents the morpho‐histological and histochemical characterization of the testes, integument, Malpighian tubules, and midgut of engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymphs on the detachment day, showing the morphological and physiological characteristics to this phase in the life cycle of these individuals. The testis is constituted by germinative cells (only spermatogonia) with large, round‐shaped and strongly stained nuclei which are organized into cysts by a thin layer of somatic cells. The integument consists of a cuticle subdivided into epicuticle (lipoprotein) and procuticle (glycoproteic), and a layer of epithelial cells which present glycolipoprotein elements. The procuticle presents two distinct regions: the exocuticle (next to the epicuticle) and the endocuticle (next to the epithelial layer). The Malpighian tubules present a simple epithelium with small flat and/or cubic cells, which form its wall and delimitates a lumen full of lipoprotein material. The midgut consists of an epithelial wall formed by two types of digestive cells, spent cells and empty digest cells, and by generative cells supported by a basal lamina and a thin layer of muscular tissue. This study described the main organs of engorged nymphs of R. sanguineus, to generate information that can help researchers to better understand the biology of these ectoparasites; which is fundamental for the development of compounds that are less aggressive to the environment. In addition, if the immature stages of the ticks are controlled, the number of adult ticks able to cause damages to the animals—and to the man as well—is also under control. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:727–736, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ontogenesis of thyroid function and regulation in the developing chick embryo.

B.H. Willier (Analysis of Development, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1955, pp. 574-619) hypothesized that the early differentiation and initial function of the glandular components of vertebrate endocrine axes are autonomous and that functional interdigitation of these glands occurs later in developmental time. The present review summarizes findings that indicate that the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid glands of the developing chick embryo synthesize their appropriate hormones early in development, i.e., before day 5.5 of incubation. Observations also indicate that it is not until the days 10.5-11.5 embryonic period that the feed-forward and feed-backward components of the adenohypophyseal-thyroid or the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid axis mature. Evidence is also presented for a midgestational beginning of hypothalamic regulation of adenohypophyseal-thyroid unit function.
Severe sepsis in the emergency department - an observational cohort study from the university hospital of the West Indies.

OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence, treatment and outcomes of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in a setting where early goal directed therapy (EGDT) is not routinely performed. METHOD An observational study of all adult patients admitted from the emergency department (ED) of the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) with a diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock from July 5, 2007 to September 1, 2008 was conducted. Baseline parameters, treatment patterns and in-hospital outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 58 011 patients were seen and 762 (1.3%) had sepsis, 117 (15.4%) of whom were classified as severe sepsis or septic shock. Mean (SD) age was 59.2 (23.3) years and 49% were female. Medical history included hypertension (29%), diabetes mellitus (26%), stroke (8%), heart failure (6%) and HIV (6%). The most common sources of sepsis were pneumonia (67%) and urinary tract infection (46%). Median, interquartile range (IQR) time from triage to antibiotic administration was 126 (88, 220) minutes and antibiotics were given to 65.7% within three hours. Overall, organisms were sensitive to empirical antibiotics in 69%. Median (IQR) lactate was 5.3 (4.5, 7.5) mmol/L. Most patients (95%) were admitted to the ward; 1% went to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 2% died in the ED. Mean (SD) length of hospital stay was 9.5 (10.3) days. In-hospital mortality was 25% and survival correlated inversely with age (rpb = -0.25; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Despite a lack of EGDT, sepsis treatment patterns were consistent with "best-practice" and mortality was lower than international comparators.
The Fractal Nature of Inequality in a Fast Growing World

In this paper we investigate wealth inequality/polarization properties related to the support of the limit distribution of wealth in innovative economies characterized by uninsurable individual risk. We work out two simple successive generation examples, one with stochastic human capital accumulation and one with R&D, and prove that intense technological progress makes the support of the wealth distribution converge to a fractal Cantor-like set. Such limit distribution implies the disappearance of the middle class, with a “gap” between two wealth clusters that widens as the growth rate becomes higher. Hence, we claim that in a highly meritocratic world in which the payoff of the successful individuals is high enough, and in which social mobility is strong, societies tend to become unequal and polarized. We also show that a redistribution scheme financed by proportional taxation does not help cure society’s inequality/polarization – on the contrary, it might increase it – whereas random taxation may well succeed in filling the gap by giving rise to an artificial middle class, but it hardly makes such class sizeable enough. Finally, we investigate how disconnection, a typical feature of Cantor-like sets, is related to inequality in the long run.
Epidemiology of Candida Bloodstream Infections in a Tertiary Care Institute in India

Numerous studies have demonstrated that alternative confirmatory strategies using algorithms with combinations of screening tests produce reliable results comparable to those of the standard ELISA and Western blot. [3-5] Moreover, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) program on HIV/ AIDS currently recommends the routine use of combinations of screening tests for HIV screening, surveillance, and diagnosis. [2] Hence, we hope that this rapid, cheap, alternative testing strategy will provide an accurate result and reduce the overall cost of HIV diagnosis. Furthermore, HIV positive individuals will be able to get a confirmed result during their second visit. This will not only allow counselling and testing personnel to guide HIV infected individuals more effectively for treatment but also prevent a large number of HIV positive patients from being lost to follow-up. As such, we recommend that resourcelimited countries should consider adopting combination of rapid tests as an alternative strategy to LIA/WB for confirmation of HIV infection in their National recommendations.
Investigation of fast ion transport in TORPEX

Basic aspects of fast ion transport in ideal interchange-mode unstable plasmas are investigated in the simple toroidal plasma device TORPEX. Fast ions are generated by a miniaturized lithium 6+ ion source with energies up to 1 keV, and are detected using a double-gridded energy analyser mounted on a two-dimensional movable system in the poloidal cross-section. The signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced by applying a modulated biasing voltage to the fast ion source and using a synchronous detection scheme. An analogue lock-in amplifier has been developed, which allows removing the capacitive noise associated with the voltage modulation. We characterize vertical and radial transport of the fast ions, which is associated with the plasma turbulence. Initial experimental results show good agreement with numerical simulations of the fast ion transport in a global fluid simulation of the TORPEX plasma.
A Stress Signaling Pathway in Adipose Tissue Regulates Hepatic Insulin Resistance

A high-fat diet causes activation of the regulatory protein c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and triggers development of insulin resistance. JNK1 is therefore a potential target for therapeutic treatment of metabolic syndrome. We explored the mechanism of JNK1 signaling by engineering mice in which the Jnk1 gene was ablated selectively in adipose tissue. JNK1 deficiency in adipose tissue suppressed high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance in the liver. JNK1-dependent secretion of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by adipose tissue caused increased expression of liver SOCS3, a protein that induces hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, JNK1 activation in adipose tissue can cause insulin resistance in the liver.
Physical layer assisted authentication for distributed ad hoc wireless sensor networks

The paper introduces a novel message authentication framework over broadcast channels, where a symmetric cryptography-based physical layer assisted message authentication (PLAA) scheme is introduced in wireless networks. The proposed framework integrate the conventional message authentication schemes and the physical layer authentication mechanisms by taking advantage of temporal and spatial uniqueness in physical layer channel responses, aiming to achieving fast authentication while minimising the packet transmission overhead. Our claims through extensive analysis and simulation will be verified via comparing with public key infrastructure-based PLAA scheme and traditional upper layer authentication schemes.
The influence of phytogenic extracts on performance nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens

One thousand five hundred and forty Hybro HI-YR broilers were used in the study. One-day-old chickens were allocated to four groups; in the pen trial each group comprised 5 replications with 56 birds, in the digestibility trial there were 7 replications with 15 birds. The dietary treatments were as follows: unsupplemented control wheat-barley diet or the same diet supplemented with 10 ppm avilamycin, 150 ppm or 300 ppm of plant extract (XT) containing capsaicin (1.98 g/100 g), carvacrol (4.95 g/100 g) and cinnamic aldehyde (2.97 g/100 g). Performance was determined on days 21 and 48. After slaughter the rectum content was collected for E. coli and Clostridium perfringens assay; slaughter yield and sensorial evaluation of breast and thigh muscles were performed on 16 birds per group. In the digestibility trial, on days 21 and 32 of life, after slaughter the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids was estimated on 28 birds per group. In comparison with the control group, up to day 21 of life the administration of feed antibiotic and 150 ppm or 300 ppm of plant extract enhanced body weight by 4.7, 5.4 and 8.1% (P<0.01) and improved the feed conversion ratio by 5.8, 3.1 and 7.1%, respectively (P<0.05). The mortality and culling rate was low (1.8-2.5%). At 48 days of age, performance in groups as well as carcass characteristics were less diversified, only a slightly higher breast muscle share was obtained in the experimental groups. Sensorial characteristics of the breast and thigh meat were best in the group receiving 300 ppm XT. In all supplemented groups the number of E. coli and Clostridium perfringens in rectal contents was significantly lower than in the control group; supplementation of the diet with 300 ppm XT and feed antibiotic had a similar effect on the number of evaluated microorganisms. Apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen, nutrients, and amino acids, particularly of threonine, serine, asparagine, phenylalanine, histidine and lysine, in 21-day-old chickens was positively affected by XT supplementation. The coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients in older birds (32-day-old) in groups fed diets with XT or feed antibiotic were similar.
An Investigation of the Antioxidant Property of Carica papaya Leaf Extractsfrom Mizoram, Northeast India

Northeast India is rich in medicinal plants and is unique in the diversity and traditional utilization of these plants. The region might be harboring distinct phytochemicals which might be geographically significant in the Indo- Burma hotspot region. Carica papayaa well known medicinal plant is used as folk medicine in Mizoram, Northeast India for multiple purposes but there is no proper scientific study is available to find out the pharmacological activity of this ethnomedicinal plant. Total phenolic content, total flavanoid content, free radical scavenging activity, reducing power of aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts were evaluated in this study. Highest phenol and flavanoid contents were found in the aqueous extract. All the three extracts showed potential reducing activity by potassium ferricyanide reduction method. Free radical scavenging activity was determined according to the elimination of DPPH radicals and it was found that Methanol extracts of C. papaya possess the highest radical scavenging activity. These findings suggested that the leaves of papaya might be used as natural antioxidants and can be acts as a major source for drug discovery.
Methotrexate for the Management of Crohn’s Disease in Children

Objective: To review the literature evaluating methotrexate as a treatment option for Crohn’s disease (CD) in pediatric patients. Data Sources: A search of PubMed electronic database (1966 to August 2015) and secondary resources was performed using the terms methotrexate, Crohn’s, and inflammatory bowel disease. Other relevant articles cited within identified articles were also utilized. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Data sources were limited to English-language studies that included children less than 18 years of age. In total, 10 clinical studies met the criteria. Data Synthesis: Awareness of the risk of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma associated with anti–tumor necrosis factor and thiopurine therapies has renewed interest in methotrexate to treat CD in children. According to data from 10 predominantly retrospective studies, children treated with oral or subcutaneous methotrexate once weekly had remission rates of 25% to 53% at 1 year. Adverse effects most often included nausea and vomiting, elevated liver function tests, headache, and hematological toxicity. The evidence to support methotrexate is limited by inconsistent study design and poorly described dosage regimens. It has been most frequently evaluated in patients with prior thiopurine exposure and has not been thoroughly evaluated as first-line therapy. Conclusions: Based on results of retrospective studies, methotrexate is useful in the treatment of pediatric CD in those who fail thiopurine therapy. Remission rates with methotrexate are similar to those for thiopurine therapy, although no studies directly compare these agents. Although preliminary results are promising, prospective studies are needed to assess the use of methotrexate as initial first-line therapy in the pediatric CD population.
Lifetime and current prevalence of common DSM-IV mental disorders, their demographic correlates, and association with service utilisation and disability in older Australian adults

Objective: To describe lifetime and 12 month prevalence of common DSM-IV mental disorders, their demographic correlates, and association with service utilisation and disability in Australians aged 65–85 years of age. Methods: The sample included Australian residents aged 65–85 years who participated in the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being (n=1905). The prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders was estimated using the lay-interviewer administered World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Eight percent had experienced an affective disorder, 10% an anxiety disorder, and 12% a substance use disorder at some point in their life. Sex, age, and marital status were significant correlates of any lifetime mental disorder. Approximately, 2%, 4%, and 1% of old age respondents met criteria for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in the past 12 months, respectively. The presence of physical disorder, disability, and greater treatment service use were associated with any mental disorder in the past 12 months. Prevalence of lifetime and 12 month disorders by age band revealed a decrease as age increased. Conclusions: A substantial number of community dwelling old age Australians have experienced a mental disorder in their lifetime. Demographic correlates of mental disorder were relatively consistent between lifetime and 12 month prevalence of disorders, although sex made less of an impact and the presence of physical disorders more of an impact in recent disorders. Twelve month prevalence data suggest that a high proportion of old age Australians still experience mental disorders, predominantly anxiety and major depression.
Approximate closed-form solution of the electric field due to HED within finitely conductive earth

Calculation of the electric field vector of a horizontal Hertz dipole (HED) is a fundamental step in a moment method based electromagnetic model for high frequency behavior of energized conductors. This paper presents an approximation of the Sommerfeld integrals that arise in the exact formulation of electric field due to HED within homogenous earth. The approximation is based on the quasi-static approximation and the method of complex images.
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Noncirrhotic Patient

Obesity places people at risk of developing cirrhosis. A subset of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis had not only a history of overweight, but also a wide range of overweight-related metabolic features such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high-serum ferritin, which define insulin resistance. A high incidence of liver cancer in obese patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis was reported recently. The underlying metabolic abnormalities defining or associated with an obesityrelated insulin-resistant state could promote carcinogenesis, irrespective of the presence of cirrhosis. Here we report a case that may support this hypothesis.
Effect of a Depressive Illness on M.P.I. Scores

The Maudsley Personality Inventory (M.P.I.) is now established as one of the most widely used personality tests in the investigation of a variety of clinical, psychosomatic and genetical problems. When the M.P.I. is employed for such purposes it is most important to know how constant are the scores and how much they are altered by the changes in mental state which often occur in psychiatric patients over a period of days or weeks.
Growing up in the 1990s : tracks and trajectories of the 'Rising 16's' : a longitudinal analysis using the British Household Panel Survey

Sociologists are generally in agreement that the closing decades of the twentieth century involved striking changes in the landscape against which British young people grew up. Transformations in education and the labour market had the potential to dramatically alter and re-shape patterns of social inequality. This thesis addresses the importance of family effects upon educational attainment, early career prospects and, in turn, the post-16 trajectories of young adults against the contextual changes of this period. Recently, youth researchers have been keen to argue that we are continuing to progress towards a ‘post-modern era’, which centres on the ‘individualisation’ or ‘detraditionalisation’ arguments of Beck and Giddens; where structural factors, such as gender and social class are diminishing as the defining elements of the pathway a young person will take. In this study, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), a contemporary source of longitudinal data from the early 1990s onwards, is used to demonstrate a lack of evidence of detraditionalisation, or the weakening of structural factors in determining the outcomes of young people. To the contrary, the gap between those from advantaged and less advantaged backgrounds remains wide. Furthermore, this research augments and extends previous studies of educational and early labour market outcomes by providing more comprehensive and integrated statistical analyses of household, family and parental effects, using techniques for longitudinal data analysis which give insight into patterns of social inequality being replicated in current contexts. Evidence using 17 years of longitudinal panel data indicate that, over time, family effects on school attainment and early labour market outcomes remain strong. Table of
No paradox: relationship between obesity and coronary atherosclerosis.

There is a global obesity epidemic, and most experts expect it will severely curb the reduction in cardiovascular mortality so far observed over the past three decades.1,2 Despite the clear associations of overweight and obesity with mortality,3 it is still debated if it constitutes an independent risk factor in its own right. Established causal risk factors may account for many of the deleterious effects observed in association with obesity, namely hypertension and diabetes, but also factors such as insulin resistance, physical inactivity, and low self-esteem. Epidemiological studies interrogating such relationships usually concentrate on elderly subjects, as only these populations are expected to yield a statistically adequate rate of hard clinical events. However, risk-factor associations with cardiovascular disease are attenuated with age, and accordingly, it becomes increasingly difficult to detect causal effects. The classic Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth study suggests detrimental consequences of obesity are already observed early on in life at an age between 15 and 34 years.4 Using surrogate endpoints of vascular structure and function, clear abnormalities have been documented in obese children and adolescents compared with normal weight peers.5 The importance of childhood obesity per se remains disputed, but it is clear that in …