Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Frequency Basin Modes in a Two-Layer Quasigeostrophic Model in the Presence of a Mean Gyre Flow*

The spectrum of baroclinic basin modes is investigated in a two-layer wind-driven quasigeostrophic model through weakly nonlinear multiple time-scale expansion in the Burger number. The baroclinic basin modes are mainly advected by a barotropic steady Sverdrup flow. Emphasis is given to the regularizing influence of dispersion rather than to dissipation. In the inviscid large-scale limit, that is, for basin scale considerably larger than the Rossby radius of deformation, all of the basin modes are neutral. Their typology is then numerically examined (with some necessary dissipation), and their frequency and spatial properties are discussed. Three types of modes arise for some wind forcing strong enough to produce a recirculating gyre with closed geostrophic contours: the classical Rossby basin modes deformed by the mean flow (shadow modes), stationary modes, and recirculating pool modes, the two latter being trapped in the closed-contours pool. Focus is made here on the recirculating modes that could have very low frequencies for moderate recirculating gyres. Strong gyres lead to higher frequencies, and recirculating modes resonate with deformed Rossby basin modes.
Applying Benford"s Law to Examine the Quality of Reported Income Numbers of Unlisted Firms

The present study makes an attempt to examine the quality of reported income numbers of unlisted firms in India. The Benford’s Law is applied to examine the digital occurrence of reported income numbers of unlisted firms. The analysis is based on 43,996 reported annual income numbers of 22,147 sample firms during the financial years from 2000-01 to 2011-12. Further, the results are analyzed under four different scenarios viz., ownership, size, age and nature of industry. The empirical results show that the observed proportionate occurrence of zero is significantly less than the expected proportionate occurrence. These results are contrary to the findings of the related studies of listed companies. The results indicate lower quality of reported income numbers of unlisted firms. Based on the scenario analysis, the empirical results indicate that the proportionate occurrence of second single digits of state-owned unlisted firms confirm the Benford’s Law. The present study contributes to the literature by examining the quality of reported income numbers of unlisted firms using the Benford’s Law.
Emerging of Yokenella regensburgei as Uropathogen: First Report

The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Yokenella regensburgei and to determine the phenotypic resistance patterns of this bacterium.A total of 300 urine samples were collected during a period intervals from February till July of the year 2013 from patients complained from urinary tract infections visited An- Najaf province Hospitals. The samples in all had been cultured on MacConkey agar where the results revealed that there were 250 of isolates lactose fermentative versus to 50 were lactose non fermentative . The lactose non fementative isolates then subjected to further identification and the phenotypic resistance patterns by Vitek-2 system had been conducted. The results revealed as first report identification of Yokenella regensburgei as agent of urinary tract infection with occurrence rate of 0.33% which might indicated the risk of related underlying diseases . the results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that the bacterium was sensitive to most screened antibiotics beside nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole shown activity against the bacterium. Keywords: Yokenella regensburgei , Vitek 2, antibiotic susceptibility
Bio-efficacy of different antibacterial antibiotic, plant extracts and bioagents against bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea

An experiment was carried out to study efficacy of different antibacterial antibiotic, plant extracts and bioagents against bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea . The results revealed that all the five antibiotics tested in vitro applying poisoned food technique against Pseudomonas syringae significantly inhibited the growth of the test pathogen over untreated control. However, antibiotic, Streptocycline + Copper oxychloride recorded minimum mean colony diameter (10.47mm) and maximum mean inhibition (83.65 mm) of growth of the test pathogen over untreated control (mean col. dia. 90.00 mm and mean inhibition, 0.00) followed by the antibiotic Streptocycline 100 ppm (mean col. dia., 15.64 mm and mean inhibition, 76.69%) and Copper oxycloride (mean col. dia., 21.42 mm and mean inhibition, 62.74%). In field, the highest mean per cent disease incidence 35.51 per cent was observed in poushamycin treatment. The lowest mean per cent disease incidence 12.74 per cent was found in treatment streptocycline 100 ppm + Copper oxychloride (@0.25%) and recorded highest seed yield (2605 kg/ha) and test weight (14.33 g) . Plant leaf extract (@ 5 and 10%) of Neem recorded lowest mean colony diameter (34.72 mm) and highest mean mycelial growth inhibition (59.26%) of the test pathogen over untreated control followed by Ginger (mean col. dia, 44.42 mm and mean inhibition, 48.55%).
Signature of Arctic first-year ice melt pond fraction in X-band SAR imagery

Abstract. In this paper we investigate the potential of melt pond fraction retrieval from X-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on drifting first-year sea ice. Melt pond fractions retrieved from a helicopter-borne camera system were compared to polarimetric features extracted from four dual-polarimetric X-band SAR scenes, revealing significant relationships. The correlations were strongly dependent on wind speed and SAR incidence angle. Co-polarisation ratio was found to be the most promising SAR feature for melt pond fraction estimation at intermediate wind speeds (6. 2 m s−1), with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0. 46. At low wind speeds (0. 6 m s−1), this relation disappeared due to low backscatter from the melt ponds, and backscatter VV-polarisation intensity had the strongest relationship to melt pond fraction with a correlation coefficient of −0. 53. To further investigate these relations, regression fits were made both for the intermediate (R2fit = 0. 21) and low (R2fit = 0. 26) wind case, and the fits were tested on the satellite scenes in the study. The regression fits gave good estimates of mean melt pond fraction for the full satellite scenes, with less than 4 % from a similar statistics derived from analysis of low-altitude imagery captured during helicopter ice-survey flights in the study area. A smoothing window of 51 × 51 pixels gave the best reproduction of the width of the melt pond fraction distribution. A considerable part of the backscatter signal was below the noise floor at SAR incidence angles above ∼ 40°, restricting the information gain from polarimetric features above this threshold. Compared to previous studies in C-band, limitations concerning wind speed and noise floor set stricter constraints on melt pond fraction retrieval in X-band. Despite this, our findings suggest new possibilities in melt pond fraction estimation from X-band SAR, opening for expanded monitoring of melt ponds during melt season in the future.
Nonradial and nonpolytropic astrophysical outflows - V. Acceleration and collimation of self-similar winds

An exact model for magnetized and rotating outflows, underpressured at their axis, is analysed by means of a nonlinear separation of the variables in the two-dimensional governing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for axisymmetric plasmas. The outflow starts subsonically and subAlfvenically from the central gravitating source and its surrounding accretion disk and after crossing the MHD critical points, high values of the Alfven Mach number may be reached. Three broad types of solutions are found: (a) collimated jet-type outflows from efficient magnetic rotators where the outflow is confined by the magnetic hoop stress; (b) collimated outflows from inefficient magnetic rotators where the outflow is cylindrically confined by thermal pressure gradients; and (c) radially expanding wind-type outflows analogous to the solar wind. In most of the cases examined cylindrically collimated (jet-type) outflows are naturally emerging with thermal and magnetic effects competing in the acceleration and the confinement of the jet. The interplay of all MHD volumetric forces in accelerating and confining the jet is displayed along all its length and for several parameters. The solutions may be used for a physical understanding of astrophysical outflows, such as those associated with young stellar objects, planetary nebulae, extragalactic jets, etc.
EXTENDING KANNAN AND CHATTERJEA THEOREMS IN 2-BANACH SPACES BY USING SEQUENTIALLY CONVERGENT MAPPING

S. Gähler ([8]), defined a 2-normed and A. White ([1]) a 2-banach space Further, the contractive mapping in 2-normed space in [4] is defined by in P. K. Hatikrishnan, K. T. Ravindran. In [2] and [10], there are given generalizations of Kannan ([5]) and Chatterjea ([9]) fixed points theorems in 2Banach spaces. In this paper by using sequentially convergent mappings, the results given in [2] and [10] will be generalized in 2-Banach spaces. They might also be considered as generalizations of the results given in [11].
Variability in nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. with different rhizobial strains.

Most soils sown to common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) contain indigenous Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard, thus it is necessary to evaluate new strains of R. phaseoli. In 2004-2005 the effect of five strains of R. phaseoli on two cultivars of beans was investigated at Lincoln University. The cultivars Scylla and T-49 were inoculated with liquid cultures of strains RCR 3644, UK 2, H 20, PRF 81 and PhP 17 to determine their effect on nodulation, growth and yield. Nodulation was variable among strains. Over the sampling period T-49 consistently had higher nodule numbers/plant ranging from 4.74 at 21 days after inoculation (DAI) to 20.6 at 54 DAI. In Scylla the range was 1.42 at 21 DAI to 17.5 at 70 DAI. Strain H 20 gave the highest number of nodules/plant in both bean cultivars and this was associated with the highest green pod yield/m 2 in Scylla. Scylla, with strain PRF 81 gave the highest overall shoot dry matter (DM) yield of 692 g/m 2 . This gave a green pod DM yield of 202.3 g/m 2 . In contrast, PRF 81 on T-49, which produced the second most nodules, gave a shoot DM yield of 521 g/m 2 and a green pod DM yield of 225.5 g/m 2 . Strains H 20 and PRF 81 gave the best green pod yield in both bean cultivars. Scylla gave the highest shoot DM/m 2 with H 20 and PRF 81. In T-49, PRF 81 and PhP 17 produced shoot DM yields of 225.5 and 192.7 g/m 2 respectively. The results indicate that it should be possible to increase nodulation and yield of common beans in Canterbury by combining suitable bean cultivars with an appropriate strain of rhizobia.
Physico-chemical and sensory qualities of functional bread produced from wholemeal wheat and unripe plantain composite flours

Unripe plantain flour was incorporated into whole meal wheat flour at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% levels to evaluate the effect on some functional properties of the flour and nutrient composition, physical and organoleptic qualities of bread samples produced from the composite flours. A control (100% wholemeal wheat flour) was used for comparison. Water absorption capacity and swelling capacity of the flour increased while the bulk density and oil absorption capacity decreased with increasing levels of unripe plantain flour substitution. The protein, fat and crude fibre contents of the composite breads decreased with increasing levels of unripe plantain flour substitution ranging from 12.88%, 3.45% and 2.75% in whole meal wheat bread to 6.53%, 2.24% and 2.17% in 50% unripe plantain flour substituted bread, respectively. Conversely, the moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents increased with increasing levels of unripe plantain flour substitution ranging from 27.76%, 1.92% and 51.24% in wholemeal wheat bread to 32.14%, 2.16% and 54.76% in 50% unripe plantain flour substituted bread, respectively. The caloric value decreased with unripe plantain flour addition. Ca, Na and Zn contents decreased from 129.92mg/100g, 253.43mg/100g and 1.98mg/100g in the wholemeal wheat bread to 98.40mg/100g, 218.62mg/100g and 1.61mg/100g in 50% unripe plantain flour substituted bread, respectively. Conversely, K, Mg and Fe contents increased from 391.13mg/100g, 133.91mg/100g and 4.08mg/100g in wholemeal wheat bread to 482.17mg/100g, 161.39mg/100g and 5.63mg/100g in 50% unripe plantain flour substituted bread, respectively. The loaf volume, specific volume and loaf height decreased while the loaf weight increased with increasing levels of unripe plantain flour substitution. Substitution of wholemeal wheat flour with unripe plantain flour upto a level of 20% had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the crust colour, crumb texture and overall acceptability of the bread samples. The panelists gave lower scores for bread samples produced from 30 - 50% unripe plantain flour substitution levels.
HEAT DISTRIBUTION STUDY ON TURBOCHARGER TURBINE'S VOLUTE

The aimed of this project is to evaluate turbine’s performance based on its actual condition. Holset H3B nozzles turbine geometry was used as simulation model. Turbine’s actual working condition was simulated by using finite volume discretiztion method. Initial analysis was done by one-dimensional and two-dimensional analysis. Further investigation was done in three-dimensional with heat loss via turbine volute by the mode of convection. Parameters studied are corrected mass flow, turbine’s efficiency at different heat cases, temperature distribution along turbine’s volute and difference in temperature between inner and outer wall temperature. Temperature difference within turbine’s volute is the major factor that deteriorates turbine’s efficiency. Since turbine wall is thin, small temperature difference will result to high heat loss.
A Numerical Study of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Fin Ribbed Radiator

This paper numerically investigates the thermal flow and heat transfer by natural convection in a cavity fixed with a fin array. The computational domain consists of both solid (copper) and fluid (air) areas. The finite volume method and the SIMPLE scheme are used to simulate the steady flow in the domain. Based on the numerical results, the energy gradient function of the energy gradient theory is calculated. It is observed from contours of the temperature and energy gradient function that the position where thermal instability takes place correlates well with the region of large values, which demonstrates that the energy gradient method reveals the physical mechanism of the flow instability. Furthermore, the effects of the fin height, the fin number, and the fin shape on the heat transfer rate are also investigated. It is found that the thermal performance of the fin array is determined by the combined effect of the fin space and fin height. It is also observed that the effect of fin shape on heat transfer is insignificant.
Internal transcribed spacer based identification of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from poultry feed samples

Aspergillus fumigatus ITS ITS 1 ITS 2 Feed sample Among over 180 Aspergilli, Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common etiological agent causing invasive mold infection mostly in immunocompromised human and animal. Besides, the fungus is used for various useful purposes. However, for the utilization of A. fumigatus as a useful candidate, accurate identification is crucial. Here, the research work was aimed at identifying A. fumigatus from poultry feed samples using conventional and molecular techniques. Out of 23 feed samples, 2 (8.7%) were found to be positive for A. fumigatus. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) and ITS 2 regions and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region of the fungus were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The ITS regions are located between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, and rRNA gene for 5.8S RNA separates these two ITS regions. The isolated gene has been sequenced and deposited in the GenBank (accession no. KC142152). The gene was 100% similar to other reference species of A. fumigatus, whereas in phylogenetic analysis, a clear distance was found in the cases of other Aspergilli. Based on the unique nature of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions and phylogenetic analysis of the genes, A. fumigatus was correctly identified. The isolated strain could be a good candidate for further studies especially for utilization in the field of biotechnology.
Iron porphyrin attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes: Electronic and dynamical properties from ab initio calculations

Covalent and noncovalent attachment of an iron porphyrin FeP on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes CNTs are addressed by density-functional-theory calculations and molecular-dynamic simulations. We investigate the stability and electronic properties of several CNT-FeP assemblies in order to shed light in the experimentally reported electrocatalytic activity of carbon-supported Fe macrocycles and the role of the linking structure. Two mechanisms for the FeP attachment on metallic and semiconducting CNTs were considered: by physisorption through stacking interaction and by chemisorption through sp2 and sp3 bonding configurations. Our results suggest that FeP covalently linked to metallic CNTs would be the best electrocatalytic systems due to its metallic character at room temperature, suggesting that they may work as an electrode with the ability to transport charge to the macrocycle. Semiconducting CNTs would be unlikely because the FeP-CNT assembly preserves the semiconducting character. Noncovalent attachment of FeP onto both CNTs is also unlikely due to the absence of physical contact and the unsuccessful FeP fixation.
Residual stress prediction and control of Ta2O5/SiO2 multilayer based on layer structure designing

Residual stress, which can be inevitably introduced during the optical films deposition process, must be controlled in many applications since the surface deformation is caused. The residual stress is traditionally controlled by adjusting the process parameters. However, the process parameters are determined by other more desired properties in many fields. In these cases, layer structure is the only variable to change the residual stress status of the components. Ta2O5/SiO2 is most commonly used material pair in visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) region. In this letter, stress behaviors of Ta2O5 and SiO2 single layers deposited by ion-assisted deposition (IAD) are studied. Stress-thickness linear correlation curves of the two materials are obtained, which agree with the commonly reported linear results. Based on these features, a kind of antireflection (AR) coating acted as back side coating is designed to control the residual stress of components by the layer structure designing. A series of AR coatings at 1 319 nm are designed, according to residual stress status desired to introduce.
Practical optimal control of fed‐batch bioreactors for the waste water treatment

Optimal operation of fed‐batch bioreactors is an important practical issue. Since control actions are saturation‐limited, the optimal control consists usually of both singular and bang–bang arcs. However, its realization requires good model knowledge and also the measurement of all state variables, requirements rarely satisfied in real applications. In this paper a method is proposed, for a class of bioreactors, to robustly optimize the operation when few measured variables are available and the model is uncertain. Such control law is justified and its properties analysed. The case of a bioreactor for treating toxicants in a waste water treatment plant is thoroughly studied, and experimental results in a lab‐scale bioreactor are presented. The method can be also applied for other applications, as in biotechnology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conscious Sedation with Dexmedetomidine in Awake Surgery

Background: It is well demonstrated that awake surgery for brain tumours is the gold standard to achieve the maximal safe resection. On the other hand, many surgeons prefer general anesthesia in order to avoid useless stress for patients. The aim of our paper is to investigate if there are clinical and biochemical findings demonstrating a different stress level in patients who underwent awake craniotomy compared to those who underwent totally asleep surgery. Methods: We compared our awake craniotomy series performed with conscious sedation using Dexmedetomidine to a group of patients treated in general anesthesia settings in terms of patient stress, rated by blood pressure, heart rate, glycaemia, lactate values, post-operative ischemia or bleeding at the MRI. We also compared the duration of surgeries in the two groups and the relations between time and other parameters. Results: We found that preoperative heart rate was higher in the awake group (63.00 (SD13.58) vs. 76.5 (SD 14.34) p value 0.025) together with preoperative systolic blood pressure 122 (SD 12.95 vs. 135.1 SD (11.78) p value 0.044). However there were no clinical, biochemical and radiological differences in post-operative period in the two groups, suggesting the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in stress control. It is demonstrated a cause-effect relation between the duration of surgery and the raising of blood pressure, suggesting that conscious sedation can reduce useless anesthesiological time in the awake surgery setting. Conclusions: We showed that the two anesthetic settings are similar in terms of stress parameters after surgery. This finding could be confirmed in a prospective study with a higher number of patients.
A 2-year Double-Blind RCT Follow-up Study with Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP) Modulating Key Markers in Middle-Age Subjects with Clustered Neurodegenerative Disease-Risk Factors

In recent years a number of studies have reported the significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disease. There is accumulating evidence that the interplay of combined genetic and environmental risk factors (from diet to life style to pollutants) to intrinsic age-related oxi-inflammatory changes may be advocated for to explain the pandemic of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years a specific Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP) has been shown to significantly affect a number of redox signalling abnormalities in a variety of chronic diseases and as well in aging mechanisms either on experimental and on clinical ground. The aim of the present study was to evaluate FPP use in impending metabolic disease patients with potentially neurodegenerative disease clustered risk factors. The study population consisted of 90 patients aged 45–65 years old, with impending metabolic syndrome and previously selected as to be ApoE4 genotype negative. By applying a RCT, double-blind method, one group received FPP 4.5 g twice a day (the most common dosage utilized in prior clinical studies) while the other received an oral antioxidant cocktail (trans-resveratrol, selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C). Then, after 21 month treatment period, a selected heavy metal chelator was added at the dosage of 3 g/nocte for the final 3 months study treatment. The parameters tested were: routine tests oxidized LDL-cholesterol, anti-oxidised LDL, Cyclophilin-A (CyPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and CyPA gene expression. From this study it would appear that FPP, unlike the control antioxidant, significantly decreased oxidized-LDL and near normalizing the anti-Ox-LDL/Ox-LDL ratio (p<0.001) although unaffecting the lipid profile per sè. Moreover, only FPP decreased cyclophilin-A plasma level and plasminogen activator-inhibitor (p<0.01) together with downregulating cyclophilin-A gene expression (p<0.01). Insulin resistance was only mildly improved. Heavy metals gut clearance proved to be effectively enhanced by the chelator (p<0.01) and this was not affected by any of the nutraceuticals, nor it added any further benefit to the biological action of FPP.