Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global analysis of the pressure adjustment mechanism over sea surface temperature fronts using AIRS/Aqua data

We investigate the signatures of atmospheric pressure adjustment mechanism for surface wind convergence/divergence over major sea surface temperature (SST) frontal regions using global observations of satellite sounding and scatterometer. Lower tropospheric air thickness, which includes a sea‐level pressure component modified by air temperature in the marine atmospheric boundary layer, is analyzed, and the relation between the Laplacian of the thickness and wind convergence are examined. Among four SST frontal regions in mid‐latitudes, correlation between the thickness Laplacian and wind convergence is the largest over the Gulf Stream followed by those for the Agulhas Return Current and for the Brazil/Malvinas Current, and relatively small but still significant over the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension. These correlations strongly suggest that the pressure adjustment mechanism ubiquitously plays an important role in air‐sea interaction over the global SST frontal regions. Furthermore, air temperatures in the first two regions exhibit SST‐relating signatures even in the mid‐troposphere.
ACTIVE IMMUNISATION O F MICE AGAINST MUSCLE DAMAGE MEDIATED BY CANDIDA ALBICANS DONNA

USING an experimental murine model to examine early events in the pathogenesis of infection with Candida albicans, we described the appearance of a muscle lesion in moribund animals 12 h after intravenous injection of C. albicans (Oblack, Schwarz and Holder, 1978). Severe interstitial myocarditis was demonstrated histologically and markedly elevated levels of the muscle enzyme, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), were found in the sera of these animals. The tissue specificity of the CPK enzyme (HesS et al., 1964; Dawson and Fine, 1967) enable us to investigate the effect of C. albicans on the host with an enzyme assay as an indicator of in-vivo muscle damage. The possible significance of muscle damage in the pathogenesis of Candida infection was realised when it was discovered that the injection of virulent strains of C. albicans, C. steIIatoidea and C. tropicalis produced elevated serum CPK levels, whereas avirulent isolates of seven species of Candida were without effect (Oblack, Schwarz and Holder, 1979). In addition, the data suggested that damage to host tissues was restricted to sites where large numbers of Candida were present and that metabolic activity on the part of the infecting organism was required (Oblack et al., 1979). There are few reports on the successful immunisation of animals with Candida. Increased survival of animals actively immunised with whole or disrupted cells of C. albicans (Mourad and Friedman, 196 1 ; Soles, Lim and Louria, 1966; Giger, Domer and McQuitty, 1978) or C. albicans ribosomal preparations (Saunders, Solotorovsky and Tewari, 1975) have been documented. The passive transfer of immune sera has also extended the survival of animals after systemic challenge with C. albicans (Mourad and Friedman, 1968; Al-Doory, 1970). The present paper reports investigations on active immunisation of mice with viable, nonviable, and disrupted cells of C. albicans and the effects of these treatments on survival and muscle damage after subsequent intravenous challenge with C. albicans.
The ICTD Government Revenue Dataset

A major obstacle to cross-country research on the role of revenue and taxation in development has been the weakness of available data. This paper presents a new Government Revenue Dataset (GRD), developed through the International Centre for Tax and Development (ICTD). The dataset meticulously combines data from several major international databases, as well as drawing on data compiled from all available International Monetary Fund (IMF) Article IV reports. It achieves marked improvements in data coverage and accuracy, including a standardised approach to revenue from natural resources, and holds the promise of significant improvement in the credibility and robustness of research in this area. This paper sets out the issues with existing sources and explains the process of creating the new dataset, including a discussion of remaining limitations. It then presents data on tax and revenue trends over the past two decades, while a concluding section briefly considers potential strategies for, and barriers to, more effective data collection in future.
Bifurcation analysis of coupled laser modes in mutually delay coupled lasers

This paper considers a system of two semiconductor lasers that are mutually coupled face to face, so that they receive each other’s light after a delay time τ. The lasers are assumed to be identical, except for a possible detuning ∆ of their free-running frequencies. The coupled laser modes of a rate equation model with delay are studied with tools from bifurcation theory, especially numerical continuation. This reveals a comprehensive geometrical picture, which is organized by the unfoldings for ∆ 6= 0 of pitchfork bifurcations that exists for ∆ = 0.
Calcium Dobesilate in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of adult vision loss and blindness. Angioprotective drugs are one of possibilities, which can be used in treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Nearly all of them are very efficient antioxidants or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavengers. They often contain phenolic groups. Most of them are glycosides of plant origin with aglycones of flavonoid structure, i.e. aglycones are polyhydroxylated derivatives of 2phenyl-4H-chromen-2-one or 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one. Quercetin, which is the aglycone of many glycosides including rutoside, can serve as a typical example. Other glycosides, such as a saponoside escine (Reparil®) isolated from seeds of horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastaneum, have triterpenic aglycones. (In fact, escin is a mixture of several related compounds. The particular structure on the Figure I express escin I that is a mixture of two geometric isomers. They differ in E or Z configuration of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl, which is attached to originally hydroxyl oxygen in position 21 of the triterpenoid scaffold.) (Kim et al., 2004, Carrasco  Vidrio, 2007). Flavonoid glycosides have poor bioavailability that is due to their low lipophilicity. This problem has been solved by etherification of phenolic groups of flavonoid aglycones with hydroxyalkyl such as hydroxyethyl groups (troxerutin) in past (Agolini  Cavallini, 1987, Wadworth  Faulds, 1992) Troxerutin was demonstrated to attenuate neovascularization in retinopathy in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats (Chung et al., 2005). More recently, increased bioavailability of flavonoid glycosides is reached by micronisation without changing their chemical structures. Preparations such as Detralex® or Daflon® contain standardized and micronized flavonoid fraction characterized by its content of diosmin, which is their main active constituent. Their activity in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy was clearly demonstrated (Lacombe et al., 1989). There is nearly only one exception among these quite complex compounds: calcium dobesilate (Danium ®, Doxium ®, Dexium®), which is a very simple synthetic molecule: calcium 2,5dihydroxybenzenesulfonate (see Figure 1)
Türkçe Derslerinde Dijital Okuryazarlık

Gunumuzde kitle iletisim araclari teknolojinin gelismesiyle birlikte degisime ugramis; bireyler bilgiyi edinmek ve yaymak icin bilgisayar, tablet ve akilli telefon gibi araclari daha cok kullanir hâle gelmistir. Dolayisiyla ekran yolu ile aktarimi saglanan metinlere erismek, bu metinleri algilamak ve anlamlandirmak onem tasimaktadir. Bu nedenle cagimizda dijital okuryazarlik onemli bir beceri hâline gelmistir. Dijital okuryazarlik, dijital teknolojik araclari kullanarak bilgiye ulasma ve bilgi uretme becerisi olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Dijital okuryazar olabilmek icin arastirma, sorgulama, problem cozme ve karar verme gibi elestirel dusunme becerilerini yerine getirebilmek onemlidir. Cok iyi teknoloji kullanicisi olmak dijital okuryazar olmak demek degildir. Elestirel dusunme becerilerinin kullanimi bu yuzden onemlidir. Ogrencilerin dijital medyaya elestirel ve sorgulayici bir bakis acisiyla yaklasmasini ve anlamlandirmasini saglamak, ilkokul ve Turkce ogretmenlerinin bir gorevi olmustur. Ayrica, alan uzmanlarinin d ijital metinler ve sosyal medya icerikleri konusunda bilinc olusturmak ve gelistirmek icin calismalar yapmalari gerekmektedir. Bu calisma bu nedenlerle yapilacaktir. Bu calismanin amaci, ilkokul ve ortaokul Turkce derslerinde ve ogretim programlarinda dijital okuryazarligin yer bulma durumunu arastirmaktir. Arastirmada oncelikle, dijital okuryazarliga Turkce ogretim programinin kazanimlar ve aciklamalar bolumunde ne duzeyde deginildigi belirlenmistir. Daha sonra Turkce kitaplarinda yer bulmus ve dijital okuryazarlik becerisinin gelisimine katki saglayan metinler ve etkinlikler taranmistir.
On the profitability of innovative assets

Successful innovative activity is a major contribution to the intangible capital of firms. Although its importance is generally acknowledged, the contribution to companies’ profits is a priori unclear. We present the results of an empirical study on the effects of the patent stock on profitability. The database is a representative sample of German manufacturing firms and we use a number of control variables including measures of competition and firm governance. It turns out that the patent stock has a strong and robust effect on profitability.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: What Have We Learned About the Effects of This Disease and Its Treatment on the Nervous System?

The treatment of leukemia remains the success story of cancer. The patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia survive longer and longer, with the rates of long time remission of over 80% in children and 30-40% in adults. Therefore, increased attention is given to diagnose and prevent central nervous system (CNS) complications, not only in order to increase the survival, but also in order to prevent neurologic deterioration and the resulting decreased quality of life. CNS disease is relatively rare at diagnosis, with less than 10% of the patients being diagnosed with his condition. However, the rate of CNS involvement escalates to up to 75% in the first year, if no effective brain-targeted treatments are usedwhich justifies the need for CNS prophylaxis even in the absence of frank metastatic involvement. Classically, patients received cranial radiation. However, a significant percentage of ALL survivors that received cranial radiation now present with a discouraging array of complications, including neurodevelopmental sequelae, strokes, seizures and increased rate of secondary CNS malignancies. More recent, it was suggested that effective CNS prophylaxis can be achieved with a combination of high dose systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy. Though less toxic, some survivors of this approach are still plagued by neurological complications, including cognitive deficits due to the effects of chemotherapy on the developing brain. More research needs to be conducted on further decreasing the rate on CNS relapse, while minimizing the therapy effects of the brain. Our knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in radiation and chemotherapy effects of different cerebral structures has to improve. For the ALL survivors, therapies to repair the cognitive damage caused by cancer treatments are still in infancy.
METHODS FOR PREVENTING OF DEFORMATION OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE STEEL

Reinforced concrete has become an indispensable structural element of modern construction and architecture as a result of the innovations reinforced concrete brought to construction field. However, reinforced concrete structures encounters corruption due to reinforcement steel corrosion in concrete and based on the economical worth of the problem the management of the corrosion methods should be taken into consideration. This paper is aimed to analyze the most common ways of what concluding the best method. The most efficient, applications of the three methods are discovered which are calcium nitrite as the most efficient corrosion inhibitor, fibre-reinforced polymer as an example of an alternative corrosion resistant reinforcement, and finally epoxy-coated reinforcing as rebar coating. This research provides significant information to obtain sustainability in constructions.
Environmental Aspects Of Organic Farming

metabolic products of other organisms. The soil deterioration leads to a biodiversity reduction. Biological degradation of soils is usually associated with their physical and chemical degradation. soil liveliness is by a number of indicators: An important role is played by earthworms which are subjects of many studies precisely because of their sensitivity to the soil environment disturbance. Organic farming has up to 50% more biomass and abundance of earthworms as compared to integrated farming, greater biodiversity of earthworm species, changes in the population composition indicated by a larger number of juvenile earthworms. Earthworms are useful - they aerate and mix the soil, help with organic matter decomposition [35].
THE ODD LINDLEY BURR XII DISTRIBUTION WITH APPLICATIONS

This paper proposes a new four-parameter distribution called the odd Lindley Burr XII (OLBXII) distribution. The hazard rate function of the OLBXII distribution can be constant, increasing, decreasing, unimodal or bathtub shape. A comprehensive account of some of its mathematical properties are derived. The density function of the proposed model can be expressed as a linear combination of Burr XII densities. The esimation of the model parameters is carid out using the maximum likelihood method. The importance and flexibility of the proposed model are proved empirically using two real data sets.
ENTROPY AND THE LOCALIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTIONS.

We study the large eigenvalue limit for the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian, on a compact manifold of negative curvature - in fact, we only assume that the geodesic flow has the Anosov property. In the semi-classical limit, we prove that the Wigner measures associated to eigenfunctions have positive metric entropy. In particular, they cannot concentrate entirely on closed geodesies. 1. Introduction, statement of results We consider a compact Riemannian manifold M of dimension d > 2, and assume that the geodesic flow (#*)teR> acting on the unit tangent bundle of M, has a "chaotic" behaviour. This refers to the asymptotic properties of the flow when time t tends to infinity: ergodicity, mixing, hyperbolicity. : we assume here that the geodesic flow has the Anosov property, the main example being the case of negatively curved manifolds. The words "quantum chaos" express the intuitive idea that the chaotic features of the geodesic flow should imply certain special features for the corresponding quantum dynamical system: that is, according to Schrodinger, the unitary flow (exp(iht^))t£R acting on the Hilbert space L2(M), where A stands for the Laplacian on M and h is proportional to the Planck constant. Recall that the quantum flow converges, in a sense, to the classical flow (g*) in the so-called semi-classical limit h - > 0; one can imagine that for small values ofh the quantum system will inherit certain qualitative properties of the classical flow. One expects, for instance, a very different behaviour of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian, or the distribution of its eigenvalues, if the geodesic flow is Anosov or, in the other extreme, completely integrable (see [Sa95]). The convergence of the quantum flow to the classical flow is stated in the Egorov theorem. Consider one of the usual quantization procedures Op^, which associates an operator Oph(a) acting on L2(M) to every smooth compactly supported function a e C%°(T*M) on the cotangent bundle T*M. According to the Egorov theorem, we have for any fixed t
The use of optical coherence tomography envelope statistics to quantify local temperature changes in tissue-mimicking phantoms

There exists a multitude of extreme thermally induced therapies for treating both benign and malignant tumors. Advancement in optics has shown prospect in clinical applications, especially monitoring oncological clinical treatments like thermal ablation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) backscattered spectrum has demonstrated sensitivity to structural changes on the microscopic level. Envelope statistics analysis on OCT images of tissue-mimicking phantoms that are thermally modulated can provide structural information that correlates to changes in temperature. Several probability distribution functions were analyzed by looking at suitable theoretical matches to the empirical OCT data. Results indicate that the generalized gamma function was the best fit and has potential in relating the scale parameter to the size of the scatterers in the phantom. Moreover, the parameters revealed sensitivity to temperature changes, which can be further studied to understand the biological response of tissue that are exposed to extreme thermal conditions in order to improve patient care.
Occupational and Environmental Risk Factors for Development of Low Back Pain in Hospital Nursing Personnel

Nursing was in the past identified as an occupation whose practitioners were at risk of developing low back pain (LBP) (Engkvist et al., 1998; Hoogendoorn et al., 1999; Goldman et al., 2000). Providing nursing care is related to frequent flexion and extension of the body, including manual lifting (Cromie et al., 2000; Elford et al., 2000; Hui et al., 2001; Daynard et al., 2001). Activities connected to lifting and transferring patients represent major physical demands for nursing personnel, which in many cases result in injuries (Marras et al., 1999; Retsas & Pinikahaba, 2000). Some European countries calculate costs related to LBP treatment at around 1% of yearly gross domestic product (van Tulder et al., 1995; Hansson & Hansson, 2005). Among the musculoskeletal disorders, LBP represents the most frequent incident and the most expensive treatment (Balantic & Zupan, 2003, Whiting & Zernicke, 2008). In a German research the cost for a single episode of LBP was estimated to amount approximately to EUR 1300 in medical costs and loss of production (Wenig et al., 2009). The literature estimates that among adults in the general population, 70-85% are believed to experience at least one episode of low back pain at some time during their lifetime (Andersson, 1999; Croft et al., 1999).
MEAN TEACHER CONVOLUTION SYSTEM FOR DCASE 2018 TASK 4

In this paper, we present our neural network for the DCASE 2018 challenge’s Task 4 (Large-scale weakly labeled semisupervised sound event detection in domestic environments). This task evaluates systems for the large-scale detection of sound events using weakly labeled data, and explore the possibility to exploit a large amount of unbalanced and unlabeled training data together with a small weakly annotated training set to improve system performance to doing audio tagging and sound event detection. We propose a mean-teacher model with context-gating convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) to maximize the use of unlabeled in-domain dataset.
Regenerative Medicine for Cerebral Infarction

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the gold standard drug for cerebral infarction in the acute phase (Adams et al., 2007), but it cannot be administered to all cerebral infarction patients. Some patients who survive the acute phase of cerebral infarction suffer from permanent hemiparesis in the chronic phase, which highlights the need for regenerative medicine to play a more important role in treating such individuals. There are two primary approaches to the use of regenerative medicine for patients with cerebral infarction: exogenous stem cell therapies, and enhancement of endogenous stem cells. Stem cell transplantation is one of the most widely employed strategies using exogenous stem cells. Many studies with experimental animals have shown that stem cell transplantation enhances functional recovery after cerebral infarction (Kameda et al., 2007; Takahashi et al., 2008). Based on the results of animal experiments, several clinical trials for patients with cerebral infarction are currently ongoing, using stem cell transplantation techniques, typically with mesenchymal stem cells (Detante et al.). However, these clinical trials have been started despite a lack of results showing that transplanted stem cells can reliably replace infarct areas. The principal purpose of cell transplantation in these cases is cell replacement, or replacement and restoration of infarct areas. Nevertheless, only a few percent of the transplanted cells typically survive during the chronic phase of cerebral infarction (Lindvall & Kokaia, 2006). Even more problematic is the fact that few of these transplanted stem cells differentiate into neurons with immunohistological and electrophysiological properties (Anderova et al., 2006). Based on these reports, some scientists maintain that functional improvements can be achieved without cell-replacement, that the effects of trophic factors secreted by the transplanted cells are sufficient (Cabrer et al., 2010; Shimada & Spees, 2011). Another approach that regenerative medicine can take is enhancement of endogenous stem cells, based on methods that are less invasive than the use of exogenous stem cells. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease patients is an example of a standard therapy now used in clinical situations. A previous report using animal subjects has shown that DBS can enhance the neurogenesis of endogenous stem cells (Toda et al., 2008). Based on this report, we evaluated the effectiveness of electrical stimulation on animals with cerebral infarction. Recently, we showed that electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex during the acute phase of cerebral infarction exerted anti-apoptotic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Baba et al., 2009). Moreover, we showed