Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Fdr, NPF, Tingkat Bagi Hasil, Kualitas Jasa Dan Atribut Produk Islam Terhadap Tingkat Pembiayaan Mudharabah Pada Bank Umum Syari'ah Di Semarang

Mudharabah dengan konsep bagi hasil merupakan sebuah konsep yang sangat tepat diterapkan oleh bank syariah untuk menggantikan sistem bunga pada bank konvensional. Mudharabah diharapkan bisa mendominasi pembiayaan yang ada di bank syariah, karena dengan sistim bagi hasil diharapkan lebih bisa menggerakkan usaha yang bersifat produktif, sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja yang baru. Selain itu apabila jumlah pembiayaan tinggi, hal ini akan menarik nasabah untuk lebih berani dalam menginvestasikan dana yang dimiliki ke dalam pembiayaan mudharabah. Namun jumlah pembiayaan mudharabah selalu lebih kecil daripada jumlah pembiayaan murabahah, yang merupakan pembiayaan dengan prinsip jual beli. Pembiayaan mudharabah hanya mendapatkan jumlah sekitar 16% di setiap tahunnya, sedangkan untuk pembiayaan murabahah adalah sekitar 58% di setiap tahunnya. Pembiayaan mudharabah yang diharapkan dapat menjadi produk unggulan dari bank syariah justru tertinggal jumlahnya dari pembiayaan murabahah. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena ada beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi jumlah pembiayaan mudharabah. Hasil peneletian pengaruh kualitas jasa layanan terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah berdasarkan hasil penelitian, KJL mempunyai pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah pada BUS. Ditunjukkan dengan tingkat signifikansi dibawah 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,038. yang berarti hipotesis yang menyatakan Kualitas Jasa Layanan pada BUS berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia di terima. Kata Kunci: Mudharabah, financing to deposit ratio, Non Performing Financing Tingkat Bagi Hasil, Kualitas Jasa Layanan, Atribut Produk Islam.
PET imaging of monoamine oxidase B in peripheral organs in humans.

UNLABELLED Monoamine oxidase (MAO) regulates neurotransmitter concentration in the brain and is also an important detoxifying enzyme in peripheral organs. It occurs in 2 subtypes, MAO A and MAO B. Their relative ratios in different organs are variable, depending on the particular organ and species, making it difficult to extrapolate measures from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of imaging MAO B in peripheral organs in humans with PET. METHODS Nine healthy subjects (7 males, 2 females; mean age +/- SD, 37 +/- 7 y) received 2 dynamic PET studies of the torso area 2 h apart with 11C-L-deprenyl and deuterium-substituted 11C-L-deprenyl (11C-L-deprenyl-D2). Time-activity curves for heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen and arterial plasma input were measured for each study. The uptake at plateau and the incorporation quotient (IQ = uptake/plasma input) as well as model terms K1 (which is a function of blood flow) and k3 and lambdak3 (which are kinetic terms proportional to MAO B) were compared to identify organs that showed reduced values with deuterium substitution (deuterium isotope effect) characteristic of MAO B. In addition, a sensitivity analysis compared the 2 tracers with respect to their ability to quantify MAO B. RESULTS Heart, lungs, kidneys, and spleen showed a robust deuterium isotope effect on uptake, IQ, k3, and lambdak3. The arterial plasma input function was significantly larger for 11C-L-deprenyl-D2 than for 11C-L-deprenyl. Liver time-activity curves were not affected by deuterium substitution and model terms could not be estimated. In organs showing an isotope effect, lambdak3 showed the rank order: kidneys >or= heart > lungs = spleen. A sensitivity analysis showed that 11C-L-deprenyl-D2 is a better index of MAO activity than 11C-L-deprenyl. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that (a) the deuterium isotope effect is useful in assessing the binding specificity of labeled deprenyl to peripheral MAO B; (b) MAO B can be visualized and quantified in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and spleen but not in the liver; (c) with the exception of the liver, which cannot be measured, MAO B activity is highest in the kidneys and heart; and (d) quantitation in organs having high levels of MAO B is improved by the use of 11C-L-deprenyl-D2, similar to prior studies on the brain. This study indicates that 11C-L-deprenyl-D2 will be useful for measuring the effects of different variables, including tobacco smoke exposure on MAO B activity in peripheral organs in humans.
Cross-Linking of Gelatin Capsules with Formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes: An FTIR Spectroscopy Study

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used to study cross-linking in hard gelatin capsules induced by exposure to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde. These aldehydes are known to cause cross-linking between the amino acid chains of gelatin. Using FTIR spectroscopy, it is possible to analyze the cross-linking mechanisms by studying changes in the vibrational bands of the gelatin spectrum. The FTIR spectrum changes over time when the capsules are left in an aldehyde-rich environment. Analysis of the spectra shows that the early observed spectral changes conform to reaction intermediates proposed in previous work based on nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, specifically, the formation of amine methyl alcohol of arginine and lysine residues. Further spectral changes appear to be mostly from unreacted aldehydes absorbed to the gelatin, although a minor shift of the amide II peak is attributed to cross-link formation.
Multidisciplinary treatment of disability in ehlers–danlos syndrome hypermobility type/hypermobility syndrome: A pilot study using a combination of physical and cognitive‐behavioral therapy on 12 women

Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type (EDS–HT) and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) are two overlapping heritable connective tissue disorders. Patients with these conditions have many and various complaints; limitations in performing daily activities, reduced muscle strength and proprioception, kinesiophobia, and pain. There is a lack of evidence‐based treatment approaches; a few studies have shown effect of physiotherapy. Many authors propose multidisciplinary treatment, but this has neither been described nor evaluated for this patient group. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program combining physical and cognitive‐behavioral therapy was feasible, safe and effective for 12 women with EDS–HT/JHS. Intervention was offered as a group program and consisted of three parts: (1) Two and a half week in a rehabilitation unit with testing, physical training, group discussions and lectures. (2) Individual home exercises for three months with weekly guidance by local physiotherapist. (3) Readmission four days for retesting and further training advice. All participants completed the intervention. We found significant changes in perceived performance of daily activities, significant increase of muscle strength and endurance and a significant reduction of kinesiophobia. There were smaller changes in self‐perceived pain. The participants also reported increased participation in daily life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in emotional experience and emotion regulation as a function of age and psychiatric condition

In this study, self-reported experiences of negative affectivity and emotional regulation in a sample of older and younger adults with and without psychiatric co-morbidity were evaluated. Study participants were divided into four separate groups (younger nonpsychiatric = YN; younger psychiatric = YP; older non-psychiatric = ON; and older psychiatric = OP). Findings indicated that, as hypothesized, individuals in the OP and YP groups reported more negative affect intensity and reactivity and more maladaptive emotion regulation than individuals in the ON and YN groups. Contrary to hypotheses, when collapsed across psychiatric conditions, older adults did not report significantly less negative affect intensity and reactivity than younger adults. A significant age by psychiatric group interaction effect on negative affect intensity occurred such that individuals in YN and ON groups reported similar levels of negative affect intensity and individuals in the YP group reported more negative affect intensity than individuals in the OP group. The finding that older adults with Axis I and Axis II diagnoses differ in their symptom reports from younger adults with similar diagnoses suggests there may be important assessment and intervention issues related to the interaction of aging and psychopathology. Clinical implications and directions for future studies are discussed.
Social Justice Alert: Future Innovators and Leaders Fall Behind in Academic Achievement.

This study examined the achievement trends of advanced learners and the relationship between Illinois’ school district characteristics and student performance using Illinois Standards Achievement Test (ISAT) scores. The 3rd grade students scoring in the Exceeds category in ISAT reading and math within 707 Illinois school districts during the school year 2006-2007 formed the cohort groups and were followed longitudinally through the 8th grade. On ISAT reading and math, the pattern of losing advanced learners occurred. For science, increasing proportion of Exceeds students was observed. Significant differences were found by gender, ethnicity, and district socioeconomic status. This study shed many remarkable findings that merit further discussion of policy making and future research.
Prospective Primary School Teachers’ Understanding on States Of Matter and Their Changes

This study investigated Prospective Primary School Teachers (PPST)’ conceptual understandings on states of matter and their changes. Data were collected from 37 students Primary School Teacher Education Program. The students were given open-ended questions that explored their understandings on states of matter and their changes divided into macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels. Their understandings were divided into categories: understand, partial understand, misconception, and do not understand. The results showed that almost all students understood that matters are composed of particles. But most of them did not understand that between the particles exists “particle-free space”. Almost all students knew most of phenomena (macroscopic level) related to states of matter and their changes. However, most of them could not explain the phenomena at submicroscopic and symbolic levels. At these levels, their understandings were still largely in the categories of partial understanding, misconception, or do not understand. Given these results it can be concluded that most of the students did not have fully understandings on states of matter and their changes. These results imply the need for improving the teaching and learning quality on states of matter and their changes for PPST in Indonesia.
New insights into meningioma: from genetics to trials

Purpose of review In view of growing interest and need for nonsurgical therapies of meningiomas, we reviewed relevant articles published in the period from December 2010 to April 2012. Recent findings Large population-based, case–control studies have resulted in identification of new etiology factors, such as smoking or allergy, as well as new genes shown to play a role in meningioma susceptibility. Although aggressive surgery is still the treatment of choice for meningioma patients, even in the elderly population, postoperative radiotherapy remains debated and limited to Grade II residual cases as well as Grade III tumors. Although preclinical studies have pinpointed new candidate drugs to stop meningioma growth, such as trabectedin and histone deacetylase inhibitors, there are currently no effective therapies for meningiomas. Several clinical trials are under way, mostly on heavily pretreated patients, to determine the efficacy of some of the most promising candidate drugs, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-targeted therapies, and antiangiogenetic drugs being on the top list. Robust genetically engineered mouse models should be used as ‘filters’ to select agents for human clinical trials. Summary Surgical approach combined with radiotherapy in selected cases remains the most appropriate for meningioma patients. New therapies are under investigation and should modify treatment paradigms in the future.
Oxygen transfer in animal cell culture medium

Both kLa and kL measurements were carried out by an unsteady state technique at impeller speeds ranging from 1.6 to 5.8 s−1 in a mechanically agitated animal cell culture vessel of working volume 1.5 L. Checks were made that the time constant of the oxygen electrode was negligible compared to the time for aeration and that the oxygen electrode reading was not a function of agitator speed in the range employed. The kL values by surface aeration of (1.18–3.54) × 10−5 m/s and kLa values by sparged aeration of (2.8–8.5) × 10−4 s−1 were found. The former are in reasonable agreement with published experimental values and the latter in accord with values estimated from published correlations based on agitator power input and aeration rate. The fluids used were water, basal medium, and basal medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) foetal calf serum; for each of these, kL and kLa values were similar. However, the addition of silicone antifoam (6 PPM) reduced the kLa value by ca. 50%.
Immunohistochemical localization of caffeine‐induced c‐Fos protein expression in the rat brain

Although caffeine is the most widely used central nervous system stimulant, the neuronal populations and pathways mediating its stimulant effects are not well understood. Using c‐Fos protein as a marker for neuronal activation, the present study investigated the pattern of c‐Fos induction at 2 hours after low locomotor‐stimulant doses (1, 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) of caffeine and compared them with those after a higher dose (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline injection in adult male rats. Fos‐immunoreactive neurons were counted in selected nuclei across the entire brain. Caffeine induced an increase in locomotor activity in a dose‐dependent manner up to doses of 30 mg/kg and a decline at 75 mg/kg. Quantitative analysis of Fos‐immunoreactive neurons indicated that no structures showed significant Fos expression at doses below 75mg/kg or a biphasic pattern of Fos expression, as in locomotion. In contrast, caffeine at 75 mg/kg induced a significant increase compared with the saline condition in the number of Fos‐immunoreactive neurons in the majority of structures examined. The structures included the striatum, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata and autonomic and limbic structures including the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala, paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, periventricular hypothalamus, paraventricular thalamic nuclei, parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. The locomotor‐enhancing effects of low doses of caffeine did not appear to be associated with significant Fos expression in the rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 401:89–108, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidation of the Transmission Patterns of an Insect-Borne Bacterium

ABSTRACT Quantitative data on modes of transmission are a crucial element in understanding the ecology of microorganisms associated with animals. We investigated the transmission patterns of a γ-proteobacterium informally known as pea aphid Bemisia-like symbiont (PABS), also known as T-type, which is widely but not universally distributed in natural populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. The vertical transmission of PABS to asexual and sexual morphs and sexually produced eggs was demonstrated by a diagnostic PCR-based assay, and the maximum estimated failure rate was 2%. Aphids naturally lacking PABS acquired PABS bacteria administered via the diet, and the infection persisted by vertical transmission for at least three aphid generations. PABS was also detected in two of five aphid honeydew samples tested and in all five siphuncular fluid samples tested but in none of 15 samples of salivary secretions from PABS-positive aphids. However, PABS-negative aphids did not acquire PABS when they were cocultured with PABS-positive aphids; the maximal estimated level of horizontal transmission was 18%. A deterministic model indicated that the force of infection by a horizontal transmission rate of 3% is sufficient to maintain a previously described estimate of the prevalence of PABS-positive aphids (37%), if the vertical transmission rate is 98%. We concluded that PABS infections in A. pisum can be maintained by high vertical transmission rates and occasional horizontal transmission, possibly via the oral route, in the absence of selection either for or against aphids bearing this bacterium.
Corona aging studies on silicone rubber nanocomposites

In EHV and UHV power transmission lines, corona could occur even on well designed transmission line hardware and insulators especially under wet conditions. Corona if allowed to occur continuously can significantly damage the polymeric insulators used in such lines in the long run. This paper presents the experimental results of corona aging studies conducted on unfilled silicone rubber as well as filled silicone rubber nanocomposites. Corona aging studies were conducted on silicone rubber samples with filler concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 3% by wt of nanosilica for 25 h and 50 h. Needleplane electrode geometry has been used to create the corona on the samples. Different characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, Hydrophobicity, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Optical Profilometry have been used to assess the relative performance of the samples with respect to corona aging. Results indicate that at 3 wt%, the performance of the nanocomposite is much better than the unfilled silicon rubber which can be attributed to the modifications in the material caused by the size factor of the filler.
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty Rings: Review of Literature and Comparison of Functional Outcome and Ventricular Dimensions

In the past decades, more than 40 mitral valve annuloplasty rings of various shapes and consistency were marketed for mitral regurgitation (MR), although the effect of ring type on clinical outcome remains unclear. Our objective was to review the literature and apply a simplification method to make rings of different shapes and rigidity more comparable. We studied relevant literature from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases related to clinical studies as well as animal and finite element models. Annuloplasty rings were clustered into 3 groups as follows: rigid (R), flexible (F), and semirigid (S). Only clinical articles regarding degenerative (DEG) or ischemic/dilated cardiomyopathy (ICM) MR were included and stratified into these groups. A total of 37 rings were clustered into R, F, and S subgroups. Clinical studies with a mean follow-up of less than 1 year and a reported mean etiology of valve incompetence of less than 60% were excluded from the analysis. Forty-one publications were included. Preimplant and postimplant end points were New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD). Statistical analysis included paired-samples t test and analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni correction. P < 0.05 indicated statistical difference. Mean ± SD follow-up was 38.6 ± 27 and 29.7 ± 13.2 months for DEG and ICM, respectively. In DEG, LVEF remained unchanged, and LVESD decreased in all subgroups. In our analysis, LVEDD decreased only in F and R, and S did not change; however, the 4 individual studies showed a significant decline. In ICM, New York Heart Association class improved in all subgroups, and LVEF increased. Moreover, LVESD and LVEDD decreased only in F and S; R was underpowered (1 study). No statistical difference among R, F, and S in either ICM or DEG could be detected for all end points. Overall, owing to underpowered data sets derived from limited available publications, major statistical differences in clinical outcome between ring types could not be substantiated. Essential end points such as recurrent MR and survival were incomparable. In conclusion, ring morphology and consistency do not seem to play a major clinical role in mitral valve repair based on the present literature. Hence, until demonstrated otherwise, surgeons may choose their ring upon their judgment, tailored to specific patient needs.
Health Utility Bias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic Evaluation

Background. A common assertion is that rating scale (RS) values are lower than both standard gamble (SG) and time tradeoff (TTO) values. However, differences among these methods may be due to method specific bias. Although SG and TTOs suffer systematic bias, RS responses are known to depend on the range and frequency of other health states being evaluated. Over many diverse studies this effect is predicted to diminish. Thus, a systematic review and data synthesis of RS-TTO and RS-SG difference scores may better reveal persistent dissimilarities. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to establish through systematic review and meta-analysis the net effect of biases that endure over many studies of utilities. Methods. A total of 2206 RS and TTO and 1318 RS and SG respondents in 27 studies of utilities participated. MEDLINE was searched for data from 1976 to 2004, complemented by a hand search of full-length articles and conference abstracts for 9 journals known to publish utility studies, as well as review of results and additional recommendations by 5 outside experts in the field. Two investigators abstracted the articles. We contacted the investigators of the original if required information was not available. Results. No significant effect for RS and TTO difference scores was observed: effect size (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.04 (−0.02, 0.09). In contrast, RS scores were significantly lower than SG scores: effect size (95% CI ) =−0.23 (−0.28, −0.19). Correcting SG scores for 3 known biases (loss aversion, framing, and probability weighting) eliminated differences between RS and SG scores: effect size (95% CI ) = 0.01 (−0.03, 0.05). Systematic bias in the RS method may exist but be heretofore unknown. Bias correction formulas were applied to mean not individual utilities. Conclusions. The results of this study do not support the common view that RS values are lower than TTO values, may suggest that TTO biases largely cancel, and support the validity of formulas for correcting SG bias.
Non-cooperative uplink power control game for CDMA wireless communications systems

We propose an uplink non-cooperative game-theoretic power control algorithm for wireless data in direct sequence spread spectrum code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) single cell communication systems. We put forward a target function composed of the difference between a utility function and a pricing function. In this proposed game-theoretic algorithm, each user unilaterally and based on local information decides its transmit power level that maximizes its target function. The pricing function used is a linear function of the transmit power with a slope (pricing factor) chosen in a marketbased mechanism, where the base station (BS) decides the pricing factor and communicates it to the users in the cell. Finally, an S-modular games framework is exploited to establish the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium (NE) operating point of the proposed game. This NE operating game exhibits Pareto dominance over that of NE operating point of other existing Algorithms in the literature as we show in the simulations.