Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic model for differential Mueller matrix of stationary and non-stationary turbid media

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Stochastic model for differential Mueller matrix of stationary and non-stationary turbid media J-M Charbois, V Devlaminck
An investigation into the spectral properties of bright Fermi blazars

We investigate the spectral properties of blazars detected with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the high-energy regime 100 MeV–100 GeV. We find that over long time-scales a log-parabola provides an adequate description of the spectrum in almost all objects and in most cases is significantly better than a simple power law or broken power law description. Broken power law descriptions appear to arise from two causes: confusion with nearby sources and as an artefact of older LAT instrument response functions. We create a light curve for 2FGL J2253.9+1609 (3C 454.3), the brightest of the objects investigated. During the quiescent state we find the spectrum to be fairly stable and well described by a log-parabola. There is some evidence that, on average, the peak energy of the inverse Compton emission is lower in the quiescent state than in the time-averaged state, suggesting that increases in flux are due to changing parameters within the jet as opposed to changes in an external photon field. However, no correlation between inverse Compton peak energy and flux is apparent. During high-flux states, deviation of the spectral shape from a simple power law continues. In some cases a log-parabola provides a significantly better fit than a broken power law but in others the reverse is true.
Morphological and physiological photon flux influence under in vitro culture of apple shoots

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of apple rootstock shoots submitted to different photon flux densities (7, 14, 21 and 60 µmol m-2 s-1) and three culture media. The best photon flux for maximizing growth, number of shoots and leaves was 14 µmol m-2 s-1, which also resulted in the highest values of chloroplastic pigments. On the other hand, the highest photon flux (60 µmol m-2 s-1) decreased significantly these parameters. Medium with reduced sucrose concentration did not affect the analyzed parameters, enabling an efficient multiplication of the cultivar with only 1% of sucrose.
Broad‐Sense Heritability and Stability of Internal Heat Necrosis and Specific Gravity in Tetraploid Potatoes

apical end of the tuber. Necrotic tissue appears at or near harvest and generally in the larger tubers first (SterInternal heat necrosis (IHN), a severe physiological disorder of rett and Henninger, 1997). potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, is characterized by brown Potato cultivars differ in their susceptibility to IHN. spots or blotches that first appear toward the apical end of the tuber parenchyma but in severe cases may involve most of the parenchyma In regional testing in the mid-Atlantic states from 1988 tissue. The purposes of this study were to determine the amount of to 1990, ‘Atlantic’ was very susceptible to IHN, whereas genetic variation for and the stability of IHN in tetraploid potato ‘Norchip’ was moderately susceptible, and ‘Superior’ clones, and the relationships among IHN, specific gravity, and tuber was less susceptible (Porter et al., 1989, 1990; Morrow size distribution. Nineteen potato clones (four cultivars and 15 breed- et al., 1991). Cultivars with high specific gravity, such ing selections) were grown in Bridgeton, NJ and Painter, VA from as Atlantic, are preferred by potato chip processors. 1991 to 1993 in a randomized complete block with four replications Until recently, Atlantic was specified in . 80% of the of 20 hills per plot. The crop was harvested 2 to 3 wk later than processing contracts in the mid-Atlantic region (Sterrett normal harvest time to provide for maximal exposure to heat stress. and Wilson, 1990), although growers were at consider
TRADITIONAL SOUR MILK PRODUCTS AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS

This paper analyzes the chemical composition and organoleptic properties of 5-made industrial products that are declared as “yogurt” with 2,8% fat and 5 products made by traditional technology, which are known as traditional products called “sour milk”. Tests were conducted to determine the differences between the two products (which are very similar), and attempt to execute the standardization of “sour milk” made according to traditional technology, and to determine the acceptability of these products by consumers.
Spatial Filters for Linearly Polarized Antennas Using Free Standing Frequency Selective Surface

Free standing planar frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are studied when utilized as spatial filters for linearly polarized antennas. The antenna spatial filter investigated in the present work is constructed up as a finite planar array of conducting strip dipoles. The electric field integral equation (EFIE) technique with the Rao-WiltonGlison (RWG) basis functions are used to get the current distribution on the conducting strips. The current distribution and backscattered electric field due to an incident plane wave are calculated and compared to some published work. The effect of polarization on the scattered field, and the frequency response of the spatial filter are studied. To test the operation of the proposed planar FSS, a bowtie antenna is used with the FSS employed as a spatial filter. The field transmitted by the antenna and passed over a wide frequency band through the FSS is calculated. It is shown that such a free standing planar FSS can operate as a band stop filter for linearly polarized antennas. It is also shown that even when the size of the array is reduced, the FSS maintains its frequency response with a very slight change in the center frequency of the stop band. The effect of element size, spacing between the elements, and interleaving the columns of the FSS on the frequency response of the FSS are studied. The effect of the spatial filter on the antenna input impedance is studied over a wide frequency band. The radiation pattern of the bowtie is calculated in the presence 168 Farahat, Hussein, and El-Minyawi of the spatial filter. It is shown that the existence of the later causes considerable reduction in the radiation pattern within the stop band of the filter.
The Adoption And Diffusion Of Level Fields And Basins

Strategic investments in agriculture often are lumpy and irreversible, with significant impacts on operating and fixed costs. Leveling cotton fields to zero slope in central Arizona is a strategic decision made by relatively younger farmers who are farming fine-textured soils in irrigation districts with higher expected water costs. The diffusion of the technology across the region between 1968-89 appears to be both a function of institutional changes (e.g., the Groundwater Management Act of 1980, the Central Arizona Project) and the long-run expected price changes induced by these new policies.
Interactive comment on “ Contributions of the direct supply of belowground seagrass detritus and trapping of suspended organic matter to the sedimentary organic carbon stock in seagrass meadows ” by Toko Tanaya et al

specifically as a representation for the Indo-Pacific region. The authors demonstrated meticulous planning for the study and the manuscript is generally well-written. Our group is similarly involved in blue carbon studies and we draw some corollary between this study and our findings. In addition, we suggest some recommendations that may improve the authors’ present and future outlook in this field.
Assimilating vortex position with an ensemble kalman filter

Abstract Observations of hurricane position, which in practice might be available from satellite or radar imagery, can be easily assimilated with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) given an operator that computes the position of the vortex in the background forecast. The simple linear updating scheme used in the EnKF is effective for small displacements of forecasted vortices from the true position; this situation is operationally relevant since hurricane position is often available frequently in time. When displacements of the forecasted vortices are comparable to the vortex size, non-Gaussian effects become significant and the EnKF’s linear update begins to degrade. Simulations using a simple two-dimensional barotropic model demonstrate the potential of the technique and show that the track forecast initialized with the EnKF analysis is improved. The assimilation of observations of the vortex shape and intensity, along with position, extends the technique’s effectiveness to larger displacements of the for.
Influence of long-term cold stress on enzymatic antioxidative defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, and drought are the main causes of universal crop losses. Plants have generated adaptive responses which prevent them from oxidative damage caused by environmental stresses. The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of cold stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of eight cultivars / advanced lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Three-week-old plantlets were subjected to cold stress (0°C) for 24 or 48 hours. Selected antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative status of chickpea plantlets under cold stress were determined. In most genotypes, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were increased and guaiacol peroxidase activity decreased under stress conditions but the activity of superoxide dismutase remained almost constant. Based on its ranking, Cicer arietinum ‘Saral’, a newly released cold-resistant Iranian chickpea cultivar, had the strongest, and FLIP 05-77C had the weakest antioxidative defense system under low temperature stress.
Multirate LQG Control of Continuous-time Stochastic Systems*

U-The LQG problem for stochastic continuous-time systems subject to multirate sampling of both input and output variables is considered. By restating the problem as a discrete-time periodic LQG problem, a sufficient condition for the existence of an optimal stabilizing regulator is given in terms of the structural properties of the original system and the cost function. This improves on previous contributions, where optimal control schemes were proposed without addressing existence and/or stability issues. The possibility of incorporating an integral action within the optimal LQG regulator is also briefly discussed.
AN ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY OF DETERMINING FEED SORTING IN TRANSITION DAIRY COWS FED GLYCEROL

The objective of this study was to compare the standard methodology with an alternative method to determine feed sorting in dairy cows during the transition period. Twenty-six Holstein multiparous cows were paired by expected calving date and fed diets containing either glycerol or high moisture corn from -28 through +56 days relative to calving (DRTC). Feed sorting was determined on -16, -9, +9, +15 and +51 DRTC in two different ways. Firstly, it was determined as the actual intake of each screen of the Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS) consumed between 0-4, 4-8, 8-12 and 12-24 hours post feeding, and expressed as a percentage of the predicted intake of that correspondent screen. Secondly, by measuring the particle size distribution of feed consumed between 0-4, 4-8, 8-12 and 12-24 hours post feeding. The total mixed ration (TMR) at feeding and at each time post feeding was separated by size using the 3-screen (19, 8, and 1.18 mm) Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS) to yield long (>19 mm), medium (<19, >8 mm), short (<8, >1.18 mm), and fine particles (<1.18 mm), respectively. Adding glycerol to the prepartum diet increased (P<0.05) the proportion of DM% retained as long particles (>19 mm) and reduced (P<0.05) the proportion of DM% retained as short (<8, >1.18 mm) and fine particles (<1.18 mm), but it did not alter (P>0.05) the proportion of DM% retained as medium particles (<19, >8 mm). Cows fed prepartum glycerol increased (P<0.05) the preference for long particles (>19 mm) according to the standard methodology (77.2 vs. 101.5%, control vs. glycerol) and also in the alternative methodology (9.2 vs. 17.8%, control vs. glycerol). Cows fed prepartum glycerol discriminated against (P<0.05) short particles (<8, >1.18 mm) in the standard methodology (102.6 vs. 94.2%, control vs. glycerol) as well as in the alternative methodology (42 vs. 37.3%, control vs. glycerol). There was no response (P>0.05) of diet on feed sorting of fine particles (<1.18 mm) according to standard methodology during the prepartum interval, but cows fed prepartum glycerol decreased (P<0.05) the preference for fine particles (<1.18 mm) in the alternative methodology (17.9 vs. 13.6%, control vs. glycerol). Cows fed postpartum glycerol increased (P<0.05) the preference for medium particles (<19, >8 mm) according to the standard methodology (108.6 vs. 116.5%, control vs. glycerol), but did not (P>0.05) according to the alternative methodology. Cows fed postpartum glycerol discriminated against (P<0.05) short particles (<8, >1.18 mm) according to the standard methodology (100.6 vs. 96.6%, control vs. glycerol), but did not (P>0.05) according to the alternative methodology. Feeding prepartum glycerol to transition dairy cows increases the preference for the long-stem forage particles of the diet. The alternative methodology proposed in this study is more reliable than the standard methodology to determine feed sorting.
Antarctic Grounding Line Mapping From CryoSat‐2 Radar Altimetry

We present a new technique for mapping the grounding line of Antarctic ice shelves using a combination of CryoSat‐2 standard and swath elevation data. Our method is based on detecting the tidal signal in pseudo crossovers and is tested on the Siple Coast region of West Antarctica. The mapped grounding line is in good agreement with previous observations from differential SAR interferometry and from ICESat repeat tracks, with a standard deviation of 1.1 km and 1.0 km, respectively, between these methods and ours. There is, however, an average seaward bias of 0.6 km, which is due to the poorer precision of CryoSat‐2. We have improved coverage particularly near the Echelmeyer Ice Stream where we have shown that the grounding zone is approximately 25 km inland from previous estimates. This new method is computationally efficient and can be applied to the rest of Antarctica.
Investigating on the Stability of Peroxidase Extracted from Soybean (Glycine max var. Williams) and Effects of Na+ and K+ Ions on its Activity

In the present study, some techniques were used for Soybean peroxidase (SBP) purification including: ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Sephadex anion exchange chromatography and Concanavalin A Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Molecular weight of purified SBP was estimated about 44 kDa by SDS-PAGE as a single polypeptide band. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were found to be 4.5 and 70◦C, respectively. The enzyme was more stable in alkaline pH than acidic ones and could tolerate 10 minutes heating in 40-50◦C without any loss of its activity. Both NaCl and KCl were found to have significant effects on the enzyme stability, but presence of NaCl was more effective than KCl. Our results showed that after 24 hours incubation of the enzyme in the presence of 20 mM NaCl, more than 60٪ of the enzyme activity was remained while it would fall to 3٪ if incubation was not accompanied by NaCl. Purified peroxidase from seed hull of soybean relative to the other identified peroxidases was more stable, for this reason a lot of benefit will be considered by use of this enzyme in different industry.
The New Curriculum Implementation in Indonesia: A Study in Two Primary Schools

The new 2013 curriculum has just been implemented recently in Indonesia from primary to secondary school levels. There are a lot of criticisms towards the implementation, especially in the schools’ readiness to apply the new curriculum in the real classroom. This study aims to investigate the role of school leaders in the new curriculum implementation. Several aspects were also examined: teacher professional development with regards to the curriculum implementation, how schools involve parents prior and during the curriculum implementation, supporting factors for the implementation and factors that hinder the success of the new curriculum implementation. Data were gathered from school leaders, teachers, and parents. The findings show that school leaders in these schools play an important role by exercising transformational leadership and shared instructional leadership. Continuous teacher professional development and professional learning community are other important factors for the success of the new curriculum implementation. Time constraints and limited resources are reported to be the hindering factors. The findings show that albeit schools acknowledge the importance of parental involvement in students’ learning, schools have not given adequate support that parents need in order to be fully involved in their children’s learning.
Do SBA Loans Create Jobs?

Small Business Administration (SBA) loans have long been one of the most significant policy interventions in the U.S. affecting firm behavior, but little is known about their outcomes. This paper estimates the effects on employment using a list of all SBA loans linked to annual data on all U.S. employers from 1976 to 2010. Our methods combine firm fixed-effect regressions with matching on exact firm age, industry, year, and pre-loan size, and on propensity scores as a function of four years of employment history and other variables. The results imply positive average effects on loan recipient employment of about 25 percent, or 3 jobs at the mean. Including loan amount, we find little or no impact of loan receipt per se, but an increase of about 5.4 jobs for each million dollars of loans. Similar results for high-growth counties and industries suggest the estimates are not driven by differential demand conditions across firms. Exploiting variation in the distance of controls from recipient firms, we find only very small displacement effects. In all these cases, the results pass “placebo” and “pre-program” specification tests. Other specifications using only matching or only regression imply somewhat higher effects, but they fail these tests. The estimates facilitate calculations of total job creation by the SBA and of the cost per job created.
School readiness of pre-school children are six-year-old children ready for a school education

Artykul stanowi raport z badan wlasnych dotyczących problematyki gotowości szkolnej dzieci sześcioletnich. W pierwszym kroku analizowano, jaki jest poziom kompetencji szkolnych sześciolatkow mierzonych Skalami Inteligencji i Rozwoju (IDS). Drugi etap obejmowal sprawdzenie, jak kompetencje odpowiadające wymiarom podskal IDS_SR oceniają matki badanych dzieci przy zastosowaniu Kwestionariusza Gotowości Szkolnej Dziecka przez Rodzicow (KGSD-R) i w jakim stopniu oceny te korelują z wynikami pomiaru skalą IDS. Badania objely 68 matek i 68 ich dzieci. Kryterium wlączenia dziecka do proby stanowil wiek, tj. ukonczone sześc lat (6; 0-6; 11). Dobor do proby odbywal sie przy uzyciu metody „kuli śniez- nej”. Na podstawie uzyskanych rezultatow mozna wnioskowac, ze badane dzieci prezentują przecietny poziom gotowości szkolnej, wystarczający do podjecia nauki szkolnej. Ponadto generalnie im dzieci są starsze, tym wyzsze wyniki uzyskują w podskalach IDS_SR. Subiektywne oceny matek w umiarkowanym stopniu korelują z wynikami pomiaru obiektywnego, a zastosowane narzedzie natomiast wymaga dalszego doskonalenia.
Effects of adding vitamin E to diets supplemented with sardine oil on the production of laying hens and fatty- egg acid composition

The aim of this study was to know the effect of adding vitamin E (VE) (100 and 200 mg/kg) to diets supplemented with sardine oil (SO) on egg fatty-acids (FA) composition. 240 Bovans hens were grouped into four treatments: T1- basal diet (BD), T2-BD+2.5% SO, T3-BD+2.5% SO+100 mg/kg VE, and T4-BD+2.5% SO+200 mg/kg VE. After four weeks, eggs were collected from each treatment, and analyzed FA content using gas chromatography. Results: a) 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 20:5n3, 22:6n3 and 22:6n3 content were higher in eggs from treatments with SO (T2) and n6:n3 ratio was better (11:1 vs 2:1) than the control group (T1) (P 0.05); c) T4 had a reduction on the concentration of saturated and polyunsaturated FA in eggs (P<0.05). The productive parameters were no affected, only egg yolk color increased when SO was added to the diets (P<0.05). It is concluded that adding SO to laying hens diet increases n3 FA in eggs, and that adding large quantities (100 or 200 mg/kg) of VE to diets supplemented with SO reduce the concentration of the polyunsaturated FA. Key words: Vitamin E, sardine oil, egg fatty acid, laying hen, egg composition, egg lipids.
Evaluating the prevalence of the undeclared economy in Central and Eastern Europe: An institutional asymmetry perspective

This article examines the undeclared economy in general, and envelope wages more particularly, in 10 Central and East European countries, drawing on a 2013 Eurobarometer survey. The explanatory approach focuses on the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of the formal institutions and the unwritten socially shared rules of informal institutions. A strong association is revealed between the prevalence of envelope wage payments and the degree of asymmetry between formal and informal institutions at both the individual and country levels. We explore the implications for theorising and for tackling undeclared work practices.
Changes in the zooplankton and limnological variables of a temporary hypo-mesosaline wetland of the central region of Argentina during its drying

Many aspects of the ecology of temporary wetlands are known in other countries, but not in Argentina. Although many conclusions about the functioning of temporary ecosystems can be adapted to those of Argentina, the presence in them of many neotropical endemic taxa makes their application may be limited. The aims of this work were to analyze the variation in the environmental variables and zooplankton of a temporary lake of the central region of Argentina and to test the hypothesis that specific richness and abundance decrease whereas biomass increases due to increased salinity accompanying drying. Water and zooplankton samples were taken from December 2005 (salinity = 10.4 g.L -1 ) until August 2006 (salinity = 23.1 g.L -1 ), before it became dry. The lake was hypereutrophic and had reduced transparency. We recorded 16 taxa and verified the decrease in taxonomic richness and replacement, with the appearance of halophilic crustaceans towards the end of the study. Contrary to our expectations, the density increased towards the end. Rotifers predominated, accounting for 96% of total density and contributing over 47% of total biomass. This makes the lake studied more similar to other shallow lakes of La Pampa but with lower salinity, permanent, with fishes and very low proportion of inorganic