Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, PAD, UKURAN DAN KOMPLEKSITAS TERHADAP KELEMAHAN PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMDA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, PAD, ukuran dan kompleksitas terhadap kelemahan pengendalian intern pemerintah daerah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 263 pemerintah kabupaten/ kota wilayah Indonesia bagian barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling . Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 76 laporan hasil pemeriksaan kabupaten/ kota. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel ukuran pemerintah daerah berpengaruh negatif terhadap kelemahan pengendalian intern pemerintah daerah, sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi, PAD dan kompleksitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelemahan pengendalian intern pemerintah daerah. Bagi penelitian selanjutnya dapat menggunakan pengukuran kelemahan pengendalian intern yang berbeda dan menggunakan LHP BPK RI yang terbaru sehingga menggambarkan kondisi sesungguhnya. This study aimed to determine the effects of economic growth, PAD, size and complexity of the internal control weakness of local government. The population in this study is the 263 district/ city of western Indonesia. The method used is purposive sampling. The number of samples used were 76 reports the results of the district/ city. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that in partial measure of local government negatively affect internal control weakness of local governments, while economic growth variables, PAD and complexity does not affect the internal control weakness of local government. For further research can use different measurements of internal control weaknesses and uses the latest LHP BPK RI that can describe the real conditions
Natural Language Understanding: Methodological Conceptualization

This article contains the results of a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of natural language understanding (NLU), as a methodological problem. The combination of structural-ontological and informational-psychological approaches provided an opportunity to describe the subject matter field of NLU, as a composite function of the mind, which systemically combines the verbal and discursive structural layers. In particular, the idea of NLU is presented, on the one hand, as the relation between the discourse of a specific speech message and the meta-discourse of a language, in turn, activated by the need-motivational factors. On the other hand, it is conceptualized as a process with a specific structure of information metabolism, the study of which implies the necessity to differentiate the affective (emotional) and need-motivational influences on the NLU, as well as to take into account their interaction. At the same time, the hypothesis about the influence of needs on NLU under the scenario similar to the pattern of Yerkes-Dodson is argued. And the theoretical conclusion that emotions fulfill the function of the operator of the structural features of the information metabolism of NLU is substantiated. Thus, depending on the modality of emotions in the process of NLU, it was proposed to distinguish two scenarios for the implementation of information metabolism - reduction and synthetic. The argument in favor of the conclusion about the productive and constitutive role of emotions in the process of NLU is also given.
An in-vivo correlation analysis of the distance between lingual frenal attachment and mandibular incisal edge position as an aid in establishing mandibular occlusal plane in South Indian population.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The aim of the study is to find the reliability in measuring the distance between the anterior attachment of the lingual frenum and the incisal edge of the mandibular central incisor on casts to be used as a pre-extraction record. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to give a range of numerical values from anterior attachment of lingual frenum to mandibular central incisors in a class I ridge relation in south Indian population, which may be used in establishing the vertical dimension of the edentulous patient and also to locate the mandibular incisors in teeth arrangement of complete denture fabrication. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred subjects (50 males and 50 females) under the age group of 21-28y, with class I dental relationship and who have never undergone orthodontic treatment were selected. Two models were made for each subject using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material and type III gypsum product to obtain an average value for each subject. The distance between the incisal edges of the lower central incisor and the anterior attachment of the lingual frenum is measured using a divider and digital vernier caliper. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mean and Standard deviation using descriptive statistics tool using SPSS software version 18. RESULT The distance between the anterior attachment of the lingual frenum and incisal edges of mandibular central incisors among the 100 subjects was 14.50mm ± 2.2245 mm. CONCLUSION The value obtained aided in establishing the vertical dimension easier by making a pre-determined height of mandibular occlusal rim.
Frequency and management of recurrent stenosis after carotid artery stent implantation.

OBJECT To determine the rate of hemodynamically significant recurrent carotid artery (CA) stenosis after stent-assisted angioplasty for CA occlusive disease, the authors analyzed Doppler ultrasonography data that had been prospectively collected between October 1998 and September 2002 for CA stent trials. METHODS Patients included in the study participated in at least 6 months of follow-up review with serial Doppler studies or were found to have elevated in-stent velocities (> 300 cm/second) on postprocedure Doppler ultrasonograms. Hemodynamically significant (> or = 80%) recurrent stenosis was identified using the following Doppler criteria: peak in-stent systolic velocity at least 330 cm/second, peak in-stent diastolic velocity at least 130 cm/second, and peak internal carotid artery/common carotid artery velocity ratio at least 3.8. Follow-up studies were obtained at approximate fixed intervals of 1 day, 1 month, 6 months, and yearly. Angiography was performed in the event of recurrent symptoms, evidence of hemodynamically significant stenosis on Doppler ultrasonography, or both. Treatment was repeated because of symptoms, angiographic evidence of severe (> or = 80%) recurrent stenosis, or both of these. Stents were implanted in 142 vessels in 138 patients (all but five patients were considered high-risk surgical candidates and 25 patients were lost to follow-up review). For the remaining 112 patients (117 vessels), the mean duration of Doppler ultrasonography follow up was 16.42+/-10.58 months (range 4-54 months). Using one or more Doppler criteria, severe (> or = 80%) in-stent stenosis was detected in six patients (5%). Eight patients underwent repeated angiography. Six patients (three with symptoms) required repeated intervention (in four patients angioplasty alone; in one patient conventional angioplasty plus Cutting Balloon angioplasty; and in one patient stent-assisted angioplasty). CONCLUSIONS In a subset of primarily high-risk surgical candidates treated with stent-assisted angioplasty, the rates of hemodynamically significant restenosis were comparable to surgical restenosis rates cited in previously published works. Treatment for recurrent stenosis incurred no instance of periprocedure neurological morbidity.
Optimal Parallel Algorithms for Straight-Line Grid Embeddings of Planar Graphs

A straight-line grid embedding of a planar graph is a drawing of the graph on a plane where the vertices are located at grid points and the edges are represented by nonintersecting segments of straight, lines joining their incident vertices. Given an n-vertex embedded planar graph with $n \geq 3$, a straight-line embedding on a grid of size $( n - 2 ) \times ( n - 2 )$ can be computed deterministically in $O( \log n\log \log n )$ time with $n/\log n\log \log n$ processors. If randomization is used, the complexity is improved to $O( \log n )$ expected time with the same optimal linear work. These algorithms run on a parallel random access machine that allows concurrent reads and concurrent writes of the shared memory and permits an arbitrary processor to succeed in case of a write conflict.
Considering the Factors of Gender and Body Weight in the Promotion of Healthy Behavior Among Adolescents

&NA; Obesity among adolescents is increasing in both developed and developing countries. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the roles that gender and body weight variables play in health-related behavior. This article examines the effects of these two variables on health-related behavior in Taiwanese adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with three body weight categories (underweight, average and overweight) and two gender categories (female and male). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, and one-way ANOVA with Scheffe's post hoc test. The results showed that average weight adolescents scored significantly higher than their overweight peers in the three dimensions of social support, health responsibility, and exercise behavior. Average weight adolescents also scored higher than the underweight group in the dimension of health responsibility. Girls scored significantly better than boys in five out of the total six health-related behavior - scoring lower only in the exercise dimension. These findings should sound an alarm for all public health professionals to take heed to what is happening to our youth. School and family health promotion counseling should be encouraged for overweight adolescents to improve their exercise and lifestyle habits. Based on the findings, school health promotion programs should focus on gender differences. Girls, in particular, need encouragement to improve their exercise habits.
A COMPARISON OF GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS

Genetic variances and correlations lie at the center of quantitative evolutionary theory. They are often difficult to estimate, however, due to the large samples of related individuals that are required. I investigated the relationship of genetic‐ and phenotypic‐correlation magnitudes and patterns in 41 pairs of matrices drawn from the literature in order to determine their degree of similarity and whether phenotypic parameters could be used in place of their genetic counterparts in situations where genetic variances and correlations cannot be precisely estimated. The analysis indicates that squared genetic correlations were on average much higher than squared phenotypic correlations and that genetic and phenotypic correlations had only broadly similar patterns. These results could be due either to biological causes or to imprecision of genetic‐correlation estimates due to sampling error. When only those studies based on the largest sample sizes (effective sample size of 40 or more) were included, squared genetic‐correlation estimates were only slightly greater than their phenotypic counterparts and the patterns of correlation were strikingly similar. Thus, much of the dissimilarity between phenotypic‐ and genetic‐correlation estimates seems to be due to imprecise estimates of genetic correlations. Phenotypic correlations are likely to be fair estimates of their genetic counterparts in many situations. These further results also indicate that genetic and environmental causes of phenotypic variation tend to act on growth and development in a similar manner.
Volumetric imaging of fast mechanical waves in the heart using a clinical ultrasound system

The detection and quantification of fast myocardial waves, such as the ones following mechanical activation and aortic valve closure (AVC), may reveal important clinical information about both systolic and diastolic cardiac function. Such waves have previously been observed using multiple high frame rate (HFR) 2-D recordings. However, making multiple 2D recordings lengthens the data acquisition process. Moreover, heart rate variability in combination with the short-lived nature of the studied events makes temporal alignment of these multiple 2D recordings challenging. Fast volumetric imaging would mitigate both problems. However, clinical matrix arrays hinder the straightforward implementation of diverging waves (DW), due to sub-aperture processing (SAP). In this paper, a 3×3 DW sequence implemented on a clinical system using a transesophageal echocardiographic SAP-based matrix array has been validated in-vitro. Subsequently, ultrafast 3D tissue Doppler, strain rate and tissue acceleration were recorded for 4 healthy volunteers at 610 vol/s and used to characterize fast myocardial events. Early myocardial ejection shortening was found in the basal and mid septal wall, as well as in the basal inferior wall. In the septal wall, its propagation was measured as 1.1±0.1 m/s. The wave following AVC was seen traveling both laterally and towards the apex at 4.2±1.0 m/s. These findings seem in agreement with previous reports based on 2D HFR imaging, therefore corroborating the suitability of the 3×3 DW sequence to detect fast myocardial events in 3D within a single heartbeat in a clinical setting.
The amino‐terminal part of ActA is critical for the actin‐based motility of Listeria monocytogenes; the central proline‐rich region acts as a stimulator

The intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes moves inside the host‐cell cytoplasm propelled by continuous actin assembly at one pole of the bacterium. This process requires expression of the bacterial surface protein ActA. Recently, in order to identify the regions of ActA which are required for actin assembly, we and others have expressed different domains of ActA by transfection in eukaryotic cells. As this type of approach cannot address the role of ActA in the actin‐driven bacterial propulsion, we have now generated several L. monocytogenes strains expressing different domains of ActA and analysed the ability of the different domains to trigger actin assembly and bacterial movement in both infected cells and cytoplasmic extracts. We show here that the amino‐terminal part is critical for F‐actin assembly and movement. The internal proline‐rich repeats and the carboxy‐terminal domains are not essential. However, in vitro motility assays have demonstrated that mutants lacking the proline‐rich repeats domain of ActA moved two times slower (6±2 µm min−1) than the wild type (13±3µm min−1}). In addition, phosphatase treatment of protein extracts of cells infected with the L. monocytogenes strains expressing the ActA variants suggested that phosphorylation may not be essential for ActA activity.
When do Employers Benefit from Offering Workers a Financial Reward for Reporting Internal Misconduct?

Some employers offer workers financial rewards for reporting internal misconduct that harms the employer, and recent press articles suggest more employers should adopt this practice to increase the rate of internal whistleblowing. However, rewards are costly, and no consensus exists about whether employers ultimately benefit from offering them. I analyze the cost-benefit tradeoff facing employers as they decide whether to offer whistleblowing rewards and find that as the pre-existing rate of internal whistleblowing increases, the incremental expected cost of offering a reward increases relative to the incremental expected benefit. Consequently, the net expected economic effect of offering a reward is a function of the current rate of whistleblowing in the firm. I predict and, using an experiment, find that the level of fixed compensation paid to workers and the extent to which they believe reporting internal misconduct constitutes a moral obligation affect the pre-existing rate of internal whistleblowing, with the rate increasing as these two factors increase. Further, I also predict and find that an increase in either factor tempers the net economic benefit of offering a whistleblowing reward. My results suggest that certain types of employers are more likely than others to benefit economically from offering a financial reward for internal whistleblowing, which can help explain the variation observed in practice with respect to employers’ use of this approach. I discuss this and other implications of my findings.
Fostering Volunteer Programs@@@Fostering Volunteer Programs in the Public Sector: Planning, Initiating, and Managing Voluntary Activities

The growth of volunteerism in the public sector Part 1 Understanding public sector volunteer programmes: costs, benefits, and pitfalls evaluating the cost-effectiveness of volunteer programmes how volunteers can improve service quality and impact sharing power and authority with volunteers issues of volunteer accountability. Part 2 Building effective volunteer programmes: a framework for designing and organizing volunteer programmes planning and managing volunteer programmes to overcome staff resistance attracting and retaining able volunteers. Part 3 Promoting volunteering efforts: encouraging volunteer involvement in the public sector guidelines for successful public sector volunteer programmes. Appendix.
The Cost-Benefit Measure for Local Public Policies: Social Benefit Function and the Compensation Test

This paper demonstrates what kind of cost-benefit measure should be used for evaluation of local public policies involving migration. Luenberger (1992), extending “distributable surplus” presented by Allais (1981), formally introduced the so-called social benefit function that cardinally measures the social benefit of the new allocation relative to initially given utility levels in terms of a reference commodity bundle. This scalar measure has a desirable property: an equivalency to passing the Kaldor (or Hicks) compensation test. However, for evaluating local public policies, we demonstrate that equivalence cannot hold by using a conventional definition of social benefit function because such policies induce migration. Furthermore, we describe problems in the relationship between a compensation test and the two conventional definitions of social benefit function in a distorted economy with migration. Finally, we demonstrate that, for these problems related to conventional definitions, the specific social benefit function defined by Wheaton (1977) has appropriate properties with compensation testing.
On the need of novel Medium Access Control schemes for network coding enabled wireless mesh networks

This paper advocates for a new Medium Access Control (MAC) strategy for wireless meshed networks by identifying overload scenarios in order to provide additional channel access priority to the relay. The key behind our MAC protocol is that the relay will adjust its back off window size according to the incoming and outgoing packet ratio. We describe the new protocol as an extension to the CSMA/CA protocol and implement the protocol on our own hardware platform. By means of our own testbed, we investigate two basic network structures, namely, the two-way relay and the cross topology. It is well known that network coding will improve the throughput in such systems, but our novel medium access scheme improves the performance in the cross topology by another 66 % for network coding and 150 % for classical forwarding in theory. These gains translate in a theoretical gain of 33 % of network coding over classical forwarding when both systems implement the improved MAC. However, our measurement results show an even larger gain for network coding, namely, up to 65 % over forwarding, as it copes better with channel losses under high load scenarios.
Color Separation of Galaxy Types in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data

We study the optical colors of 147,920 galaxies brighter than g* = 21, observed in five bands by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) over ∼100 deg2 of high Galactic latitude sky along the celestial equator. The distribution of galaxies in the g*-r* versus u*-g* color-color diagram is strongly bimodal, with an optimal color separator of u*-r* = 2.22. We use visual morphology and spectral classification of subsamples of 287 and 500 galaxies, respectively, to show that the two peaks correspond roughly to early- (E, S0, and Sa) and late-type (Sb, Sc, and Irr) galaxies, as expected from their different stellar populations. We also find that the colors of galaxies are correlated with their radial profiles, as measured by the concentration index and by the likelihoods of exponential and de Vaucouleurs' profile fits. While it is well known that late-type galaxies are bluer than early-type galaxies, this is the first detection of a local minimum in their color distribution. In all SDSS bands, the counts versus apparent magnitude relations for the two color types are significantly different and demonstrate that the fraction of blue galaxies increases toward the faint end.
Factors influencing rate of Barthel Index change in hospital following stroke

Background and purpose:Randomized controlled trials of specific interventions in stroke rehabilitation are few. In using this study design to compare different rehabilitation interventions or different intensity of those interventions, measuring disability status at a fixed time point is one outcome option. In order for this approach to be valid, factors that might independently affect the speed of disability change have to be matched at baseline. We sought to investigate the impact of different factors on rate of disability change following stroke. Methods: A prospective hospital-based study of consecutive patients admitted to each of three general hospitals in Wellington, New Zealand with acute stroke. Patients were assessed using the Barthel Index (BI, scored 0–20) within a few days of stroke and fortnightly until hospital discharge. Strokes were classified using the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification. Main outcome measure: Barthel Index rate of change (BRC) computed from the difference between the first and last hospital BI scores divided by the time in weeks between these assessments. Results: Of 104 subjects with two or more disability assessments in hospital, BRC was a mean 1.26 units per week (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97, 1.56). The only factors significantly associated with BRC on univariate analysis were stroke type, pre-stroke Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and pre-stroke London Handicap Score. In a general linear model analysis of covariance, stroke type (p = 0.015) and pre-stroke MRS (p < 0.001) remained significant. The mean BRC for lacunar infarcts (1.76 units per week, 95% CI 1.22, 2.30) was over three times that of total anterior circulation infarcts (0.48 units per week, 95% CI 0.20, 0.76). Conclusions: Future randomized controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions for stroke in hospitalized patients need to allow for pre-stroke level of dependence and stroke type in the study design, either excluding particular patients or ensuring even randomization of these key variables if speed of disability change is to be a valid outcome variable.