Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sherlock: Experimental Evaluation of a Conversational Agent for Mobile Information Tasks

Controlled natural language (CNL) has great potential to support human–machine interaction (HMI) because it provides an information representation that is both human readable and machine processable. We investigated the effectiveness of a CNL-based conversational interface for HMI in a behavioral experiment called simple human experiment regarding locally observed collective knowledge (Sherlock). In Sherlock, individuals acted in groups to discover and report information to the machine using natural language (NL), which the machine then processed into CNL. The machine fused responses from different users to form a common operating picture, a dashboard showing the level of agreement for distinct information. To obtain information to add to this dashboard, users explored the real world in a simulated crowdsourced sensing scenario. This scenario represented a simplified controlled analog for tactical intelligence (i.e., direct intelligence of the environment), which is key for rapidly planning military, law enforcement, and emergency operations. Overall, despite close to zero training, 74% of the users inputted NL that was machine interpretable and addressed the assigned tasks. An experimental manipulation aimed to increase user–machine interaction, however, did not improve performance as hypothesized. Nevertheless, results indicate that the conversational interface may be effective in assisting humans with collection and fusion of information in a crowdsourcing context.
Diel periodicity of spawning in sciaenids

Time of day was determined for spawning of several species of sciaenid fishes by examin~ng development stages of eggs collected in estuarine and near-shore plankton samples. Estuarine samples were taken at different times of day and night but newly spawned Cynoscion nebulosus and Bairdiella chrysoura eggs were taken only during a period from just before to 3 or 4 hours after sunset. Sclaenops ocellatus and Mentichirrhus sp. eggs from near-shore Gulf of Mexico samples, taken during the morning, all contained tail-bud stage embryos, indicating evening spawning in these species. It is proposed that evening spawning reduces predation on sciaenid eggs by allowing dispersal of eggs during the night when planktivores may be less active. Overnight dispersal reduced C, nebulosus egg density from 100 m-3 during evening spawning to 1 m-3 the next afternoon. Lower egg densities during the day would reduce egg mortality due to predation. Egg predation experiments showed that predation rates increased with increasing egg density but no difference was found in predation rates between trials run in light and total darkness.
Comments on "Probability Distributions for the Number of Radio Transceivers which can Communicate with One Another"

We discuss the correctness of one of the main results of about the probability density function of the distance between two audible nodes in an infinite 2-dimensional scenario. We prove that result is wrong and derive a more general expression, which is valid for an infinite d-dimensional area. It is worth noting that, although the results on the distribution of the distance between two nodes are wrong, the other results and in particular the fact that the number of audible nodes in an arbitrary area is a Poisson r.v. is correct.
Mapping of a FEB3 homologous febrile seizure locus on mouse chromosome 2 containing candidate genes Scn1a and Scn3a

Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizure type in children. Recurrent FS are a risk factor for developing temporal lobe epilepsy later in life and are known to have a strong genetic component. Experimental FS (eFS) can be elicited in mice by warm‐air induced hyperthermia. We used this model to screen the chromosome substitution strain (CSS) panel derived from C57BL/6J and A/J for FS susceptibility and identified C57BL/6J‐Chr2A/NaJ (CSS2), as the strain with the strongest FS susceptibility phenotype. The aim of this study was to map FS susceptibility loci and select candidate genes on mouse chromosome 2. We generated an F2 population by intercrossing the hybrids (F1) that were derived from CSS2 and C57BL/6J mice. All CSS2‐F2 individuals were genotyped and phenotyped for eFS susceptibility, and QTL analysis was performed. Candidate gene selection was based on bioinformatics analyses and differential brain expression between CSS2 and C57BL/6J strains determined by microarray analysis. Genetic mapping of the eFS susceptibility trait identified two significant loci: FS‐QTL2a (LOD‐score 3.6) and FS‐QTL2b (LOD‐score 6.2). FS‐QTL2a contained 44 genes expressed in the brain at post natal day 14. Four of these (Arl6ip6, Cytip, Fmnl2 Ifih1) contained a non‐synonymous SNP comparing CSS2 and C57BL/6J, six genes (March7, Nr4a2, Gpd2, Grb14, Scn1a, Scn3a) were differentially expressed between these strains. A region within FS‐QTL2a is homologous to the human FEB3 locus. The fact that we identify mouse FS‐QTL2a with high FEB3 homology is strong support for the validity of the eFS mouse model to study genetics of human FS.
Risk perception of different emergencies in a sample of European firefighters.

OBJECTIVE Firefighters frequently incur injuries while providing emergency services. Risk perception has been found to be associated with injury and safety behavior. This study examined risk perception of different emergency situations among firefighters. Along with risk perceptions, we investigated the role of practical experience, perceived training, tenure, and acute stress related to different emergency situations. PARTICIPANTS Participants were a sample of 1324 firefighters from Germany and Italy. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to participants on risk perceptions, practical experience, perceived training, tenure, and acute stress. RESULTS The results showed that different levels of risk perception are related to different practical experience, acute stress reactions, and training. Higher risk perception was associated with higher perceived training, practical experience, and acute stress reactions. A significant difference was found between the German and the Italian sample in risk perceptions. More specifically the Italian sample perceived disasters (e.g., earthquakes) as more risky. Moreover, there were some differences in perceived training and practical experience about the different emergency situations, in the two samples. CONCLUSION The results underline the importance of considering organizational factors in the prediction of risk perception among firefighters.
miR-145 regulates chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major obstacle in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. MicroRNA—145 (miR—145) has been shown to be down—regulated in several cancers and may be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of miR—145 in adriamycin (ADM)—resistant human HCC cells. We found that miR—145 was significantly reduced in HepG2/ADM and HuH7/ADM cells compared with the chemosensitive parental cells. Up—regulation of miR—145 increased the ADM cytotoxicity in chemoresistant tumor cells. In addition, Smad3 was identiﬁed as the target of miR—145 and miR—145 overexpression inhibited Smad3 expression both at the mRNA and protein levels. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Smad3 was a direct target of miR—145. Moreover, up—regulation of miR—145 suppressed Smad3 related EMT features as shown by increased expression of E—cadherin and reduced vimentin level in HepG2/ADM and HuH7/ADM cells. Our study demonstrated that miR—145 modulated both chemoresistance and EMT in HCC cells, and up—regulation of miR—145 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of chemoresistant HCC.
Color Stability Assessment of Two Different Composite Resins with Variable Immersion Time Using Various Beverages: An In vitro Study

Purpose of the Study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in the color of microhybrid (MH) and nanofilled (NF) composite resins after 24 and 48 h in beverages such as red wine (RW), Coca-Cola, and distilled water. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative effect of the colorant solutions on the dental composites. Materials and Methods: MH and NF composite resins (A2 shade) were used in this current study. Sixty disk-shaped material specimens (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm in thickness) were prepared using a fiber mold (ring), with the desired dimensions. The specimen surfaces were polished using super-snap polishing system. Sixty specimens were divided into two groups of 30 each (Group I: MH resin composite; Group II: NF resin composite). Both the groups divided into six subgroups (Subgroup I: RW for 24 h [RW-24]; Subgroup II: RW for 48 h; Subgroup III: Coca-Cola for 24 h [CC-24]; Subgroup IV: Coca-Cola for 48 h [CC-48]; Subgroup V: Distilled water for 24 h [DW-24]; Subgroup VI: Distilled water for 48 h [DW-48]). All the samples were immersed in respective drinks for a period of 24 h, and color differences were measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Once again, all the samples were immersed for another 24 h in the same drinks. After 48 h, the color change of the samples was measured. Measurements were made according to the CIE L × a × b × color space relative to the CIE standard illuminant D65. The color changes of the specimens were evaluated using the following formula: [INSIDE:1]Statistical analysis was performed. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: Color stability of MH composite resin was found to be inferior than the NF resin composite irrespective of immersion medium and time. In RW, the color change observed was maximum for both composite resins followed by Coca-Cola. Immersing the resin composites in distilled water for 24 and 48 h had negligible color change. A 48-h immersion of both composite resins in all three immersion mediums showed greater color change than 24 h immersion.
Effects of intracoronary nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil on coronary blood flow.

BACKGROUND Intracoronary (IC) calcium channel blockers (CCB) such as diltiazem and verapamil are frequently utilized during percutaneous coronary interventions to maximize coronary blood flow. Their use, however, may be limited by systemic side effects such as hypotension and bradyarrhythmias. The vasoselective dihydropyridines, such as nicardipine, may be more effective at increasing coronary blood flow with fewer systemic side effects. This study compares the effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil on coronary blood flow, heart rate and blood pressure. METHODS IC nicardipine (200 mcg), diltiazem (1 mg) and verapamil (200 mcg) were serially administered in a randomized, double-blinded fashion in minimally diseased (< 30% stenosis) left anterior descending or left circumflex arteries in nine patients. Epicardial coronary artery diameter (ECAD) was determined by quantitative coronary angiography and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) was measured by Doppler Flowire in each patient before and after each medication. RESULTS Nicardipine significantly increased CBFV (p < 0.05) and had a longer duration of effect (p < 0.05), but had no difference in ECAD compared with diltiazem and verapamil. No differences were noted between CCB in changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. However, two patients had transient episodes of Type I second degree AV block after receiving diltiazem. CONCLUSION When compared with diltiazem and verapamil, nicardipine appears to offer more potent and more prolonged vasodilatation with less risk of serious systemic side effects. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy of IC nicardipine in patients with no-reflow.
Nutraceutical perspectives and utilization of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ): A review

Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of the health benefits of foods and pay particular attention to the potential disease preventing and health promoting compounds that a given food contains. This awareness, coupled with a well-known understanding of how diet affects our health is motivating a quest for natural health products. There is a growing interest in common beans and their products because of the health claims associated with their consumption. Common beans are rich in protein, carbohydrate, fiber, minerals and vitamins. Proteins have always been recognized as the most significant macronutrient in common beans and though the seed is limited in methionine (a sulphur containing amino acid), it is often complemented by methioninerich cereal sources such maize and wheat. Consumption of common beans has been linked to decreased occurrence of chronic non communicable diseases such diabetes, cancer, obesity and coronary heart diseases. Common beans contain a variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, fibre, saponins, steroids, lectins and terpenoids among others. These phytochemicals are believed to offer protective functions and physiological effects in the body. The nutraceutical properties that have been described for common beans include free radical scavenging activity, glycemic index lowering activity, anti-lipase activity, anti- mutagenic activity, cancerpreventive activity, lowering of the plasma cholesterol levels and antioxidant activity. The objective in this paper is to review the major biological activities of common beans as reported in the literature. The paper also reports on the opportunities to use common beans in the formulation of ready-to-use products or products that are quick to prepare in order to increase its utilisation in both the developed and developing countries. It is well understood that one of the factors that discourages consumption of common beans and other legumes is long cooking time. Ready-to-use products or products with short preparation times provide an opportunity for convenient consumption of common beans by consumers in busy occupations. Key words: Nutraceuticals, Common beans, Health benefits.
A MULTISCALAR APPROACH TO MIGRATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE AT MIDDLE POSTCLASSIC XALTOCAN

Abstract Ethnohistoric documents characterize the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in central Mexico as an era of endemic warfare and mass migration, processes that archaeologists have causally related to the development of the Aztec Empire. In this paper, we explore a striking transition in this dynamic, but poorly understood period at the Otomi capital of Xaltocan. The archaeological record reveals that with the adoption of Aztec II Black-on-Orange pottery by a.d. 1240, Xaltocan witnessed the expansion of the island to accommodate more residents, construction of the chinampa agricultural system, and the emergence of two subpopulations with distinct household organization, consumption, and funerary practices. We link a microscale examination of domestic activities with contextual understanding of macrolevel population dynamics, ethnic politics, and political-economic processes, and argue that this shift is due to an influx of migrants. These findings have significant implications for shifting conceptions of identity associated with the emergence of large polities.
Access Control for the Internet of Things

As we are moving from networked "Things" towards the Internet of Things (IoT), new security requirements arise. Access control in this new environment is a burgeoning and challenging problem. On the one hand, an access control system should be generic enough to cover the equirements of all the new exciting applications that become pervasive with the IoT. On the other hand, an access control system should be lightweight and easily implementable, considering at the same time the restrictions that Things impose. In this paper, we develop an access control system which enables offloading of complex access control decisions to third, trusted parties. Our system provides Thing authentication without public keys and establishes a shared symmetric encryption key that can be used to secure the communication between authorized users and Things. Our design imposes minimal overhead and it is based on a simple communication protocol. He resulting system is secure, enhances end-user privacy and the architecture facilitates the creation of new applications.
Meat quality defined based on pH and colour depending on cattle category and slaughter season.

The studies were carried out on 614 animals slaughtered in winter and summer seasons. After slaughter and post-slaughter processing the carcasses were evaluated according to EUROP system. The meat pH and its colour were determined in m. longissimus thoracis after 48 hours of chilling. A significant effect of cattle category, season of slaughter and interactions between them on meat pH was found. High pH values were observed mainly in the summer season in the groups of young bulls (A) (6.1) and bulls (B) (6.07). Slightly lower values 5.94 and 5.65, respectively, were observed in both above-mentioned groups in winter. Meat collected from heifers was characterized by proper pH in both analysed seasons whereas meat obtained from cows had pH values above 5.8, independently of the season of slaughter. The differences in colour lightness L* observed among all analysed cattle categories were statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001). The brightest red meat was obtained from heifers and the darkest from cows. The differences between young bulls and bulls in the same slaughter seasons were not large despite considerable variation in the age of slaughtered animals, especially in the summer season. Distinctly higher values of L* (brighter red meat) were found in the winter season in all cattle categories excluding meat from cows in which L* in summer was slightly higher than in winter. The differences in L* between seasons as well as the interaction of cattle category × slaughter season were statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001). For the remaining colour parameters (a*, b*) higher values were also observed in winter compared to summer in all cattle categories. The highest values of a* and b* were found in bulls.
An Update on the Cardiovascular Pleiotropic Effects of Milk and Milk Products

Hypertension is a major risk factor in addition to atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus for the development of coronary heart disease and strokes. Several prospective clinical studies have demonstrated a possible protective effect of milk and dairy product consumption on these conditions. The putative effects of milk and dairy products are possibly mediated through their mineral content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin D. These dairy substances exercise their blood pressure–lowering effect either directly on the arterial wall by these minerals or indirectly through blockade of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) by the amino acids contained in the casein and whey of milk. The blockade of ACE results in the inhibition of production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, and the prevention of degradation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilating peptide. For this concise review, a Medline search of the English language literature was conducted from 2006 to September 2012 and 16 pertinent papers were selected. The potential beneficial pleiotropic effects from these studies together with collateral literature will be discussed in this review.
Temporal integration of light flashes by the human circadian system.

BACKGROUND Beyond image formation, the light that is detected by retinal photoreceptors influences subcortical functions, including circadian timing, sleep, and arousal. The physiology of nonimage-forming (NIF) photoresponses in humans is not well understood; therefore, the development of therapeutic interventions based on this physiology, such as bright light therapy to treat chronobiological disorders, remains challenging. METHODS Thirty-nine participants were exposed to 60 minutes of either continuous light (n = 8) or sequences of 2-millisecond light flashes (n = 31) with different interstimulus intervals (ISIs; ranging from 2.5 to 240 seconds). Melatonin phase shift and suppression, along with changes in alertness and sleepiness, were assessed. RESULTS We determined that the human circadian system integrates flash sequences in a nonlinear fashion with a linear rise to a peak response (ISI = 7.6 ± 0.53 seconds) and a power function decrease following the peak of responsivity. At peak ISI, flashes were at least 2-fold more effective in phase delaying the circadian system as compared with exposure to equiluminous continuous light 3,800 times the duration. Flashes did not change melatonin concentrations or alertness in an ISI-dependent manner. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that intermittent light is more effective than continuous light at eliciting circadian changes. These findings cast light on the phenomenology of photic integration and suggest a dichotomous retinohypothalamic network leading to circadian phase shifting and other NIF photoresponses. Further clinical trials are required to judge the practicality of light flash protocols. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01119365. FUNDING National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1R01HL108441-01A1) and Department of Veterans Affairs Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.
Presence and quantity of dehydroalanine in histidine ammonia-lyase from Pseudomonas putida.

Dehydroalanine is present in the histidine ammonia-lyase (histidase) from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 as shown by reaction of purified enzyme with K14CN or NaB3H4 and subsequent identification of [14C]aspartate or [3H]alanine, respectively, following acid hydrolysis of the labeled protein. When labeling with cyanide was conducted under denaturing conditions, 4 mol of [14C]cyanide was incorporated per mol of enzyme (Mr 220 000), equivalent to one dehydroalanine residue being modified per subunit in this protein composed of four essentially identical subunits. In native enzyme, inactivation of catalytic activity by cyanide was complete when 1 mol of [14C]cyanide had reacted per mol of histidase, suggesting that modification of any one of the four dehydroalanine residues in the tetrameric enzyme was sufficient to prevent catalysis at all sites. Loss of activity on treatment with cyanide could be blocked by the addition of the competitive inhibitor cysteine or substrate if Mn2+ was also present. Cross-linking of native enzyme with dimethyl suberimidate produced no species larger than tetramer, thereby eliminating the possibility that an aggregation phenomenon might explain why only one-fourth of the dehydroalanyl residues was modified by cyanide during inactivation. A labeled tryptic peptide was isolated from enzyme inactivated with [14C]cyanide. Its composition was different from that of a tryptic peptide previously isolated from other histidases and shown to contain a highly reactive and catalytically important cysteine residue. Such a finding indicates the dehydroalanine group is distinct from the active site cysteine. Treatment of crude extracts with [14C]cyanide and purification of the inactive enzyme yielded labeled protein that release [14C]aspartate on acid hydrolysis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)