Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing the Concept of Policy Space in the WTO: Beyond Special and Differential Treatment

There are large differences between WTO Members in terms of resource capacity constraints and national trade policy and investment priorities. These affect the ability and willingness to incur the costs associated with implementation of new rules, as well as the net benefits of doing so. The 'adjustment burden' of new rules mostly will fall on developing countries, as such rules will reflect the status quo in industrialized countries ('best practice'). This paper discusses options that have been proposed to address country differences and increase the 'development relevance' of the WTO. These include shifting back to a club approach, more explicit special and differential treatment provisions in specific WTO agreements, and a concerted effort to establish a mechanism in the WTO where development concerns can be considered. A case is made for the latter -- involving a serious effort to increase the transparency of applied policies, including assessments of their effectiveness and the magnitude of any negative spillovers imposed on other developing countries. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Probing the origin of UX Ori-type variability in the YSO binary CO Ori with VLTI/GRAVITY

The authors acknowledge support from ERC Starting Grant “ImagePlanetFormDiscs” (Grant Agreement No. 639889), Marie Sklodowska-Curie CIG grant (Ref. 618910), Philip Leverhulme Prize (PLP-2013-110), and STFC Rutherford Fellowship (ST/J004030/1). T
Effect of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha piperita on the control of green mould and postharvest quality of Citrus Sinensis cv. Valencia

One of the modern techniques used to control pests and diseases, especially to produce organic crops is to use natural or growing material and components with microbial and herbaceous origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural components on green mould control and the improvement of postharvest fruit quality. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 3 replications. Natural essential oils were obtained from two plants, thyme and peppermint, in 5 concentrations of 0 (as control), 100, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm, and performed in inoculated and noninoculated “Valencia” orange. The results showed that peppermint and thyme essential oils (1000 ppm concentration) decreased decay (27%), compared to the control (100%) in inoculated group. The highest level of vit.C (54.93 mg) was observed in thyme treatment (1000 ppm). TA content had shown significant difference in inoculated and non inoculated fruits affected by treatments. The highest total acid value was observed in non- inoculated fruits of thyme treatment with 100 ppm concentration (1.49 mg). The highest soluble solid content was observed as 11.75Brix in the control without inoculation. Generally, results showed that thymus essential oils have high fungicides to control fungus disease of citrus crops, but need more research to achieve appropriate formulation. Key words: Essential oils, thyme, peppermint, green mould, shelf life, citrus.
Recent changes of glacier coverage in the western Terskey-Alatoo range, Kyrgyz Republic, using Corona and Landsat

Abstract Corona images from 1971 and a Landsat image from 2002 are used to assess glacier variations in the last 30 years in the western Terskey-Alatoo range (a part of the Tien Shan), in the northeast of the Kyrgyz Republic. The glaciers have shrunk during this period. The 269 mountain glaciers measured in the study area had an original combined area of 245 km2, which has decreased 18.4 km2, representing a loss of 8% of the original glacier coverage in 1971. Individual glaciers covering <1km2 account for 28% of the combined glacial coverage, but loss from these small glaciers represents 38% of the total decrease in area. The relative change of area is larger for small-scale glaciers, and its contribution to shrinkage of glacier area is high. This shrinkage has been linked to climate changes as recorded at local stations. Many small-scale glaciers are distributed around Issyk-Kul lake, and rapid glacier reduction is expected in this area in the future.
TURBULENCE IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. WEAK ACCRETION WITH NO VERTICAL MAGNETIC FLUX

We use local numerical simulations to investigate the strength and nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks, where ambipolar diffusion is the dominant non-ideal MHD effect. The simulations include vertical stratification and assume zero net vertical magnetic flux. We employ a super time-stepping technique to ameliorate the Courant restriction on the diffusive time step. We find that in idealized stratified simulations, with a spatially constant ambipolar Elsasser number Am, turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) behaves in a similar manner as in prior unstratified calculations. Turbulence dies away for Am ⩽ 1, and becomes progressively more vigorous as ambipolar diffusion is decreased. Near-ideal MHD behavior is recovered for Am ⩾ 103. In the intermediate regime (10 ⩽ Am ⩽ 103) ambipolar diffusion leads to substantial increases in both the period of the MRI dynamo cycle and the characteristic scales of magnetic field structures. To quantify the impact of ambipolar physics on disk accretion, we run simulations at 30 AU and 100 AU that include a vertical Am profile based upon far-ultraviolet (FUV) ionized disk models. These models develop a vertically layered structure analogous to the Ohmic dead zone that is present at smaller radii. We find that, although the levels of surface turbulence can be strong (and consistent with constraints on turbulent line widths at these radii), the inferred accretion rates are at least an order of magnitude smaller than those observed in T Tauri stars. This discrepancy is very likely due to the assumption of zero vertical magnetic field in our simulations and suggests that vertical magnetic fields are essential for MRI-driven accretion in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks.
Survey of drug use among young people in Ife, Nigeria

The objectives of this study were to identify various drugs used by adolescents, the prevalence of such practices and the factors that influence in-school adolescents to use drugs. The study was conducted in the four local government areas of Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria, with a total of 800 senior secondary school students. Permission for the survey and consent were obtained from appropriate school authorities. Relevant data were obtained using a modified version of a questionnaire designed by the United Nations for conducting school surveys on drug abuse. The toolkit had been previously validated in Nigeria. The questionnaire items solicited information on students’ drug use practices including the types of drugs, sources, frequency of administration and reasons for drug use. Students most widely used caffeine (19.8%), alcohol (5.6%), cigarette (6.3%) and occasionally marijuana (0.4%) as psychoactive substances. The substances were obtained from open drug market (23.5%), peers (5.2%) and village drug hawkers (0.6%). Reasons for drug use included; to keep awake (22.2%) to experience high feelings (21.8%), for body building (14.1%) and to moderate appetite (11.9%). The drugs were used mostly anytime and mainly by oral route of administration. There was a high frequency of psychotropic drug use among the students with caffeine being the most widely used. Drug use by the youths could be attributed to psychosocial perceptions of self need and peer influence. Key Words : Drug use, psychoactive substance abuse, secondary schools, adolescents
The influence of the stator geometry on magnetic bearing parameters

This paper presents an analysis of the stator teeth geometry impact on the parameters of the 8-pole radial magnetic bearing. In this paper, such parameters as current gain and position stiffness have been analysed. Additionally, we have proposed criteria for evaluating the characteristics of these parameters by calculating the variability of current gain and position stiffness. The research has been performed by solving the magnetic bearing actuator boundary problem using the finite element method. Magnetic force has been calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor method. Other parameters, such as current gain and position stiffness have been calculated as partial derivate of the force with respect to control current and position of the rotor.
Dealing With Cultural Diversity

The present research was conducted among ethnic minority and majority youth in the Netherlands, examining the endorsement of four models for dealing with multiculturalism: mosaic, melting pot, assimilation, and segregation. Results showed that, compared to the majority group, minorities were more in favor of the mosaic model and less in favor of assimilation. Furthermore, endorsement of the models was related to beliefs about equality, national cohesion and group identification. Among both groups, the former measure was positively related to endorsement of the mosaic and melting-pot models, and negatively to the assimilation and segregation models. The importance of national cohesion was positively related to assimilation and negatively to the mosaic model, but more strongly among the majority group. In addition, for the minority group, group identification was positively related to the mosaic model and negatively to assimilation. For the majority group, these associations were, respectively, negatively and positively related.
The relationship between interpersonal trust, peer support and organizational commitment

Interpersonal trust is one of the major themes which has a substantial role in managing human capital eectively. Accordingly, authors presumed that trust among peers creates a strong and positive aect on their level of organizational commitment and their supportive behaviors to each other. e aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between interpersonal trust, organizational commitment and peer support. In order to investigate this, a research is conducted to sales representatives working in building materials sector. e results represent that interpersonal trust has an eect on both normative commitment and peer support, whereas normative commitment only aects peer support.
Improvement and progress of Construction Management by employing Last Planner System in Malaysia

Assessing the efficacy of executing the Last Planar System is the goal of present investigation to boost and promote construction planning as well as site administration in the Malaysia construction sector. The Diction investigation process was applied to carryout LPS in two huge public construction planning and projects. Related Data were gathered based on observations, interviews and questionnaire. Advantages such as enhanced site management improved construction planning and better communication and coordination among the parties involved were identified in this research. The main and major success factors in Last Planar System execution were explained in it. Constraints in the way of using of last planar system were underlined in the related paper. The present paper work is encircled to two case studies.This research investigation enhances and improves management and develops a base for more research on construction field. Results can support practitioners in executing varied management methods and underlines advantages, opportunities and challenges. Practical suggestions will be given to help reaching full potential of lean and Last Planar System in the country Malaysia. The present study engages with the use of lean construction techniques in Malaysia construction industry. Present study has roles in the area of lean construction and helps companies and organizations to outline a fresh strategy and enhance and improve their administrative process and actions. Results can be applied as a reference for progressing management.
Predictors of Sociometric Status for Low Socioeconomic Status Elementary Mainstreamed Students with and without Special Needs.

Th e purpose of the present study is to compare the sociometric status of low socioeconomic status elementary school students with and without special needs and investigate the eff ects of diff erent variables (gender, age, physical appearance, social skills, behavior problems, and academic competence) on students’ sociometric status. Elementary school students consisted of 96 with special needs and 1090 without special needs from grades 2, 3, 4, and, 5 participated in this study. Students were administrated peer rating and peer nomination sociometric measures to determine their sociometric status. Data related to the variables which infl uence students’ sociometric status were collected from teachers by a Student Information Form, the Physical Appearance Rating Form and the Social Skills Rating System-Teacher Form. Th e results of the study showed that students with special needs are less frequently accepted and more rejected than their peers without special needs. For the group with special needs, academic competence, physical appearance, and behavior problems predicted social acceptance, while social rejection was predicted by behavior problems. For the group without special needs, academic competence, social skills, behavior problems, physical appearance, and gender predicted social acceptance. For the same group, social rejection was predicted by behavior problems, academic competence and physical appearance. It is expected that determining the variables that aff ect the social status of students with and without special needs may facilitate preparing and implementing the educational/intervention programs which are intended to increase social acceptance of students with special needs.
Mortality profile of neonatal deaths and deaths due to neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care center in southern India: a retrospective study

Background: The Neonatal mortality rate is an important indicator for newborn care and directly reflects prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care. Objective: Primary objective was to analyse the neonatal mortality profile, incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonatal deaths and the pattern of antimicrobial resistance.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done in a tertiary care regional center. All neonatal deaths from January 2017 to December 2017 were reviewed and primary causes of deaths, incidence of sepsis among neonatal deaths and pattern of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed.Results: Common causes of neonatal deaths were respiratory distress syndrome (27.4%), asphyxia (23.3%), sepsis (20.1%), congenital malformations, extreme preterm, meconium aspiration syndrome. Case fatality rate was high in extreme preterm neonates (96.8%), followed by respiratory distress syndrome (35.9%), asphyxia (33%), meconium aspiration syndrome (29.4%), congenital malformations (28.8%), and sepsis (22.6%). In present study incidence of neonatal sepsis among total neonatal deaths was about 20.1%. Coagulase negative staphylococcus(CONS) (38.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.7%) were the predominant organisms isolated. Highest case fatality rate was associated with Pseudomonas sepsis (80%), K. pneumoniae sepsis (64.8%), followed by Escherichia coli sepsis (57%) and non fermenting Gram negative bacilli (55.6%). Conclusions: Sepsis still remains one of the leading cause of death in developing countries. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organism. 15 % enterococci and 9.7 % of CONS were resistant to vancomycin. 24 % of K. pneumoniae and 16.6% non fermenting Gram negative bacilli were resistant to amikacin. Multidrug resistance is an emerging problem.
Positive solutions for the degenerate logistic indefinite superlinear problem the slow diffusion case

In this work we study the existence, stability and multiplicity of the positive steadystates solutions of the degenerate logistic indefinite superlinear problem. By an adequate change of variable, the problem is transformed into an elliptic equation with concave and indefinite convex nonlinearities. We use singular spectral theory, the Leray-Schauder degree, bifurcation and monotony methods to obtain the existence results, and fixed point index in cones and a Picone identity to show the multiplicity results and the existence of a unique positive solution linearly asymptotically stable.
Challenges to delivering quality care in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme in Soweto : original article

Objectives: There has been little focus on quality of care provided in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in South Africa. We assessed quality of care in PMTCT services in Soweto, South Africa, focusing on knowledge and experiences of healthcare workers and HIV-infected pregnant women accessing the services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November and December 2009. A total of 201 HIV-infected pregnant women and 80 healthcare workers, from 10 antenatal clinics, were interviewed using standardised questionnaires. Results: The median gestational age at first antenatal visit was 20 weeks and 32 weeks at the time of the interview. The majority of the women, 71.5%, discovered that they were HIV-infected in the index pregnancy, and 87.9% disclosed their HIV status. Overall, 97.5% received counselling and 33.5% were members of a support group. Knowledge of antenatal and intrapartum PMTCT interventions was correct in 62.7% and 43.3% of the women, respectively. Support group membership and current use of antiretroviral prophylaxis did not impact on the quality of knowledge. Of the healthcare workers, 43.8% were professional nurses and 37.5% were lay counsellors. The majority, 80.0%, felt satisfied with their knowledge of PMTCT guidelines and 96.3% felt competent in managing HIV-infected pregnant women. Yet, there were important deficiencies in knowledge of the guidelines. Conclusion: In our study, knowledge of PMTCT interventions was low in both clients and healthcare workers. These findings point to a need to improve quality of care in PMTCT services, especially with increasingly complex PMTCT interventions recommended by international policies.
Sensemaking in Crisis and Change: Inspiration and Insights from Weick (1988)

When Karl Weick's seminal article, ‘Enacted Sensemaking in Crisis Situations’, was published in 1988, it caused the field to think very differently about how crises unfold in organizations, and how emergent crises might be more quickly curtailed. More than 20 years later, we offer insights inspired by the central ideas in that article. Beginning with an exploration of key sensemaking studies in the crisis and change literatures, we reflect on lessons learned about sensemaking in turbulent conditions since Weick (1988), and argue for two core themes that underlie sensemaking in such contexts: shared meanings and emotion. We examine when and how shared meanings and emotion are more and less likely to enable more helpful, or adaptive, sensemaking, and conclude with some suggestions for future research in the sensemaking field.
"You want to do your own stuff because there is a team that needs you" - an extensive multiple case study on motivational self-management in a self-directed work team

This thesis explored the topic of self-management of motivation i.e. how employees in the contemporary work environment manage their motivation to work. The research design was an extensive multiple case study based on semi-structured interviews of eight individuals in one selfdirected work team. The study asked how these motivational self-management methods are linked to autonomous or controlled motivation, based on the Self-Determination Theory by Deci & Ryan (2000), and with what potential outcomes. The motivational self-management methods and processes of knowledge-workers in team-based organizations had not been studied previously, and overall little empirical research has been done on self-management of motivation in any discipline. Studying these methods and processes is important for society, as being better able to self-manage one’s motivation has the potential to increase one’s wellbeing and productivity, especially if it happens through autonomous motivation (Gagné, Forest et al., 2015). As the job-design in the knowledge-intensive sector has been changing to favor flexibility and autonomy of employees (Hornung, Rousseau et al., 2010), these employees also have the increased responsibility of managing one’s motivation without constant top-down orders. The thematic analysis showed that the participants of this study self-manage their motivation in the following ways: work and environmental control, scheduling by disposition, increasing task enjoyability, creation of meaning, procrastination, enforcing self-discipline, thinking about material rewards, self-rewarding, seeking positive affirmation, visualizing progress, avoiding negative feelings, and acting out of dependency and responsibility. The motivational self-management methods of increasing task enjoyability and creation of meaning are linked to autonomous motivation, while procrastination, enforcing self-discipline, thinking about material rewards, and avoiding negative feelings can be tied to controlled motivation. The study argues that previous studies of self-management of motivation have given an overly static picture of motivational selfmanagement. Thus, the main contributions of this study include the dynamic and flexible nature of motivational self-management in the context of a self-managed team and the role of self-reflection in this process. The practical implications of this study highlight the importance of HR practices emphasizing personnel development and person/organization-fit when recruiting.
Discrete Approaches to Continuous Boundary Value Problems: Existence and Convergence of Solutions

We investigate two types of first-order, two-point boundary value problems (BVPs). Firstly, we study BVPs that involve nonlinear difference equations (the “discrete” BVP); and secondly, we study BVPs involving nonlinear ordinary differential equations (the “continuous” BVP). We formulate some sufficient conditions under which the discrete BVP will admit solutions. For this, our choice of methods involves a monotone iterative technique and the method of successive approximations (a.k.a. Picard iterations) in the absence of Lipschitz conditions. Our existence results for the discrete BVP are of a constructive nature and are of independent interest in their own right. We then turn our attention to applying our existence results for the discrete BVP to the continuous BVP. We form new existence results for solutions to the continuous BVP with our methods involving linear interpolation of the data from the discrete BVP, combined with a priori bounds and the convergence Arzela-Ascoli theorem. Thus, our use of discrete BVPs to yield results for the continuous BVP may be considered as a discrete approach to continuous BVPs.