Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sorption Characteristics of Sediments in the Upper Mississippi River System Above Lake Pepin

BACKGROUND: Suspended sediments can play an important role in the regulation of nutrient dynamics and primary productivity in aquatic systems by influencing nutrient concentrations in the water column through equilibrium processes (adsorption-desorption) between solid and aqueous phases (Meyer 1979, Mayer and Gloss 1980, Froelich 1988). In particular, adsorption-desorption reactions may be the primary means of controlling phosphorus (P) concentrations in the water column for water bodies receiving high suspended sediment loadings via the watershed. Since phosphorus is generally an important nutrient for phytoplankton growth in freshwater systems, there is a need to examine and understand phosphorus equilibrium processes and fluxes in relation to soluble phosphorus concentrations and overall primary productivity. Very little information exists that links watershed-derived suspended sediment transport to phosphorus adsorption/desorption processes and to the regulation of soluble phosphorus concentrations in aquatic systems. Lake Pepin, a natural impoundment in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), receives excessive phosphorus loading from the agriculturally-dominated Minnesota River basin and the Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant (Metro Plant), which both discharge into the Mississippi River approximately 50 miles upstream of Lake Pepin. James, Barko, and Eakin (in preparation) determined that phosphorus transformations between particulate and soluble phases (adsorptiondesorption processes) may be an important mechanism in the phosphorus economy of Lake Pepin. This information is expanded by examining the importance of suspended sediment transport through the UMR in regulating phosphorus dynamics above Lake Pepin via adsorption-desorption processes. This note specifically examines differences in phosphorus equilibrium processes for sediments collected in the Minnesota River and in Lake Pepin. METHODS: The reach of the UMR examined in this study included Pools 2, 3, and 4 of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lock and dam system. Lake Pepin is included as part of Pool 4 of the UMR (Figure 1) and receives inflows from a 122,000-km 2 watershed (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 1993). Major tributary inputs to the UMR and Lake Pepin are the Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix Rivers. The Minnesota River discharges into Pool 2 and the St. Croix River discharges into Pool 3 of the UMR. The Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant (Metro Plant), located in St. Paul, MN, discharges high concentrations of phosphorus into Pool 2 approximately 12 miles downstream of the Minnesota River inflow. The Minnesota River dominates suspended sediment loading to the UMR, while the Metro Plant contributes up to 50 percent of the soluble phosphorus load to the UMR (James, Barko, and Eakin (in preparation)).
Impact of educational intervention in promoting knowledge attitude and practice for prevention of common childhood diseases among 9-11 year old school children in rural Bangalore

Background: Children are the most vulnerable and easily influence able part of society and thus when subjected to health education the knowledge they gain and the practices they develop are more likely to stay with them throughout their life hence the study was done to assess the impact of health education among school students.Methods: Educational intervention study was carried out in three primary schools in Hoskote, rural Bangalore among 9-11 years school children. Initial survey was done to assess the KAP levels in 9 to 11 years old school children regarding prevention of common childhood disease and intervention was done using an interactive story board to provide health education and impact of intervention was assessed.Results: The study comprised of 200 students (112 boys and 88 girls). It was found that overall general knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of common childhood diseases was poor among the study participants. Following educational sessions using interactive story board (edutainment) a significant improvement was observed in knowledge and attitude of the students as detected by improved correct response rates.Conclusions: Interactive story board was successful in providing educational intervention in 9 to 11 year old school children which may help to prevent common avoidable childhood diseases.
Two-dimensional CFD modelling of gas-decompression behaviour

ONE OF THE key issues in the design and construction of any gas pipeline is the prevention of material fracture. Since the gas is generally transported under high operating pressures, it must be ensured that the gas pipeline is sufficiently tough to arrest the propagation of any potential fracture. For several decades, control of gas pipeline fracture propagation has been under scrutiny due to economic considerations and ecological and safety hazards related to pressurised pipe failure. The Battelle Two Curve approach has been widely used to determine the minimum material arrest toughness by comparing the gas decompression wave velocity with the fracture velocity, both as functions of the local gas pressure. Sufficient knowledge of the gas decompression behavior following the rupture is therefore crucial in determining running fracture arrest toughness levels. The decompression behaviour is influenced by the operating conditions, fluid composition and the material properties of the pipeline itself. This paper describes a two-dimensional decompression model developed using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent. The GERG-2008 Equation of State has been implemented into this model to simulate the rapid decompression of common natural gas mixtures. The evolution of the decompression wave speed and phase changes under arbitrary initial conditions is reported. Comparison with experimental results obtained from shock tube tests showed good agreement between simulation and experiment. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication Details Elshahomi, A. , Lu, C. , Michal, G. , Liu, X. , Godbole, A. , Botros, K. K. , Venton, P. & Colvin, P. (2013). Twodimensional CFD modelling of gas-decompression behaviour. The 6th International Pipeline Technology Conference (pp. S18-02-1 S18-02-23). United States: Clarion Technical Conferences. Authors Alhoush Elshahomi, Cheng Lu, Guillaume Michal, Xiong Liu, Ajit R. Godbole, K K. Botros, Phillip Venton, and Philip Colvin This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/eispapers/3342 Two-dimensional CFD Modelling of Gas Decompression Behaviour A. Elshahomi, C. Lu, G. Michal, X. Liu, A. Godbole, K.K. Botros, P. Venton, P. Colvin 1 University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2 Nova Research and Technology Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada 3 Venton and Associates Pty Ltd, Bundanoon, NSW, Australia 4 Jemena Ltd, Sydney NSW, Australia
The association of seasonal changes with conception and birth in a group of Iraqi women

Background: Temperatures and seasons have been suggested as environmental factors that influence fecundity in mammals. It has been reported that there is a link between human fertility and seasonal changes. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess whether the seassonal changes in tempreture, humidity, light intensity and light duration do influence fecundity and reproduction in the study group of Iraqi women who were from Baghdad. Patients and Methods:This study was conducted on 1638 randomly selected womenn who were from Baghdad city and were normaly delivered at Al- Elwiyah Maternity Teaching Hospital during 2014. A detailed questionnaire form was filled through direct interview with the mothers shortly after delivery. The climate information were taken from the Iraqi Meteriological Department and Research Center of Solar Energy, Ministry of Science and Technology. Results: Results obtained confirmed that there was a highly significant seasonal variations in birth and conception rates at different months of the year, The conception rates were significantly negatively correlated with mean temperature rates, light intensity and light duration and significantly but positively correlated with mean percent humidity. Conclusion: These results confirm that there was a significant seasonal nfluence on human reproduction among the study group.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Using 18 th century storm-surge data from the Dutch Coast to improve the confidence in flood-risk estimates

For the design of cost-effective coastal defence a precise estimate is needed of the 1/10 000per year storm surge. A more precise estimate requires more observations. Therefore, the three greatest storm surges that hit the northern part of the Holland Coast in the 18th century are reconstructed. The reconstructions are based on paintings, drawings, written records and shell deposits that have recently appeared. The storm-surge levels of these storms have been estimated using numerical modelling of the coastal processes. Here we show how these reconstructions can be used in combination with extreme value statistics to give a more confident estimate of low probability events.
POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ASTRAGALUS SPECIES HARVESTED AT THREE DIFFERENT MATURITY STAGES

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of maturity stages on the chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility for eleven Astragalus species widely encountered over the rangelands and intensely grazed by ruminants. Astragalus samples were collected from the rangelands at three different stages namely as before flowering, flowering and bear fruit stages. Dried samples were then subjected to various chemical analysis. Effects of Astragalus species and maturity stages on chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility were found to be quite significant (P < 0.001). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios increased, while the crude protein, crude ash, crude oil, condensed tannin contents, gas and methane production levels decreased with the progress of maturity stage. It can be suggested that grazing was more favorable at before flowering or flowering stages of Astragalus species because of high crude protein and metabolic energy content of plant at these stages. Also, although all Astragalus species were considered as a quality feed source for ruminants, endemic Astragalus oocephalus and Astragalus longifolius species were prominent with their superior nutritive properties.
Asset Utilization and Company Performance

This study examines the expropriation that occurs in asset utilization due to tunneling. This study aims to examine the effect of asset utilization on company performance. This study used a sample of 130 companies in Indonesia to examine the effect of asset utilization on company performance. This research uses simultaneous equation model with Three-Stage Least Square tech- nique. The results showed that asset utilization has a positive and significant effect on company performance. The result of the research shows that asset utilization which is managed and well controlled has influence to improve company performance.
Investigation of an Alternatively Certified New High School Chemistry Teacher’s Assessment Literacy

Assessing student learning to adapt instruction to support learning is an important skill all teachers need to develop. However, it is not an easy task for teachers and even more difficult for new teachers. The current study aims to explore an alternatively certified new chemistry teacher‟s understanding and practices of classroom assessment to help educators and researchers to support teachers‟ assessment literacies. This study used holistic case study design to explore the teacher‟s assessment literacy. Pre/reflective interviews, observations, classroom artifacts, including assessment tasks and a survey, were used as data sources. The results suggest that, in theory, the teacher‟s understanding of assessment aligned with current view of assessment as she mostly valued formative function of assessment while, in practice, the teacher faced difficulties to practice assessment as she preferred and did not select and use appropriate assessment tasks to accomplish her aims, such as supporting conceptual learning.
North African vegetation–precipitation feedback in early and mid-Holocene climate simulations with CCSM3-DGVM

Abstract. The present study analyses the sign, strength, and working mechanism of the vegetation–precipitation feedback over North Africa in middle (6 ka BP) and early Holocene (9 ka BP) simulations using the comprehensive coupled climate–vegetation model CCSM3-DGVM (Community Climate System Model version 3 and a dynamic global vegetation model). The coupled model simulates enhanced summer rainfall and a northward migration of the West African monsoon trough along with an expansion of the vegetation cover for the early and middle Holocene compared to the pre-industrial period. It is shown that dynamic vegetation enhances the orbitally triggered summer precipitation anomaly by approximately 20% in the Sahara–Sahel region (10–25° N, 20° W–30° E) in both the early and mid-Holocene experiments compared to their fixed-vegetation counterparts. The primary vegetation–rainfall feedback identified here operates through surface latent heat flux anomalies by canopy evaporation and transpiration and their effect on the mid-tropospheric African easterly jet, whereas the effects of vegetation changes on surface albedo and local water recycling play a negligible role. Even though CCSM3-DGVM simulates a positive vegetation–precipitation feedback in the North African region, this feedback is not strong enough to produce multiple equilibrium climate-ecosystem states on a regional scale.
Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development: Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties

Scales with evidence of validity and reliability are important to evaluate child development. In Brazil, there is a lack of standardized instruments to evaluate young children. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). It was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, culturally adapted and tested on 207 children (12-42 months of age). Evidence of convergent validity was obtained from correlations of the Bayley-III with the: Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2, Leiter International Performance Scale-R, Expressive Vocabulary Assessment List and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Exploratory factor analyses showed a single component explaining 86% of the variance, supported by goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis. The Bailey-III demonstrated good internal consistency with alpha coefficients greater than or equal to . 90 and stability for fine motor scale only. These robust psychometric properties support the use of this tool in future national studies on child development.
Financeirização e governança corporativa: Um estudo sobre a estrutura de controle das empresas não-financeiras do Novo Mercado da BM&FBovespa.

O processo de financeirizacao tem afetado a governanca das empresas nao-financeiras, pois impoe a convergencia das firmas ao modelo anglo-saxao de propriedade dispersa, maximizadora de riqueza ao acionista. Para entender como a financeirizacao tem afetado a governanca das empresas nao-financeiras deve-se conhecer sua estrutura de propriedade e controle. O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar a estrutura de controle das empresas naofinanceiras do Novo Mercado (NM) da BMF Controle da Propriedade.
New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences

Educational video content authors must be careful that the content is adequate for the audience and the purpose especially on the term level. On the other hand authors must be careful that the content does not cause information overloading. Viewers can experience it if the videos have too much motions and movements. Information overload has become an increasingly popular area of study and a lot of authors indicated that information density of movies and videos have risen in the last few decades. High information density of videos and movies may cause information overloading and it has been proved by Lang et al in their theoretic model named Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing. This theoretic model suggests how to measure information density in videos and movies but this method is slow and just trained observers can do this job well. In this paper the new model for information density measuring in videos and movies is described and tested. This new model is based on special usage of background subtraction algorithms and in this paper multi-layer background subtraction algorithm based on color and texture is used. This algorithm is presented by authors Yao and Odobez on CVPR Visual Surveillance Workshop in 2007. Results of our model are compared with the trained observer’s results and the same video clips that have been used by Lang et al are used for testing. It can be seen that there is a significant correlation between information densities measured by trained observers and our model. Our model can be used to determine some forms of information density in videos and movies and it can be used to indicate higher possibility of information overloading.
INTENSITY DYNAMICS AND LOUDNESS CHANGE: A REVIEW OF METHODS AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES

INTRODUCTION The association between acoustic signals and their perception is a fundamental issue in auditory psychophysics. In psychological terms, the subjective percept of loudness is closely related to a sound’s physical intensity and is broadly defi ned as the magnitude of auditory sensation [1, 2]. However, the relationship between acoustic intensity and loudness is not straightforward. Additional acoustic parameters such as frequency play a signifi cant role in loudness perception, as evident by frequency-dependent equal-loudness contours [3, 4]. Mapping loudness across the frequency spectrum has been made possible by the use of psychoacoustic steady-state stimuli. These are stimuli with intensity profi les that do not vary through time and thus offer the experimenter a high degree of stimulus control. However, almost all real-world sounds are dynamic, with continuous changes in acoustic and perceptual parameters such as increases and decreases of intensity and loudness. For the purpose of the present paper, a continuous rise of intensity is defi ned as an ‘up-ramp’; a ramp of intensity (in experiments, most often linear) that continuously rises from relatively low intensity to relatively high intensity. Conversely, a continuous decrease of intensity is defi ned as a ‘down-ramp’. Paradigms measuring changes in loudness both directly and indirectly have been used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the perception of time-varying, temporally dynamic intensity stimuli. This is an important line of research in auditory psychophysics, as intensity and loudness are dynamic aspects of real-world listening in domains such as speech and music. Furthermore, fundamental psychophysical research on dynamic intensity and loudness change has farreaching implications for and applications to fi elds such as ecological psychoacoustics, music perception, composition, and performance, sound engineering, and the design of informative auditory warnings [5-9]. However, paradigms used to investigate changes of intensity and loudness have led to a range of confl icting results; results that can begin to be reconciled with a systematic analysis of methodological similarities, differences, benefi ts, and shortcomings. Therefore, the overarching aim of the present paper is to organise and briefl y review research investigating the dynamic percept of loudness change in response to continuous acoustic intensity change. Specifi cally, the paper will: (a) describe the key paradigms used to measure changes in loudness in response to continuous intensity change; (b) identify methodological benefi ts and shortcomings associated with each paradigm; and (c) discuss the mechanisms proposed to explain differences in loudness change when methodological constraints and response biases are controlled.
Biomaterial Based on Doped Calcium Carbonate-Phosphate for Active Osteogenesis

Doped calcium carbonate-phosphate is a biocompatible material that influence actively on the osteogenesis, bone regenerate, strengthening of bone and dental tissues including through the skin. A mechanism of the synthesis reactions of doped nanocrystalline calcium carbonate-phosphate an oscillating type of model for these reactions is proposed. The results indicate that the synthesis involves the formation of hydroxy carbonate complexes from the three calcium carbonate polymorphs (calcite, vaterite, and aragonite) in a solution of ammonium chloride and ammonium carbonate, followed by reaction with orthophosphoric acid. The formation of nanocrystalline calcium carbonate-phosphate doped with Fe2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, Si4+, and Mn2+, has been studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. This ensures the preparation of a bioactive material based on octacalcium hydrogen phosphate, and calcium chloride hydroxide phosphates containing cation vacancies. Particle-size analysis data show that the materials contain nanoparticles down to 10 nm in size. Heat treatment of the doped calcium carbonate phosphates produces calcium hydroxyapatite containing cation vacancies, which can be used as a bioactive ceramic.
Managerial Roles in SMEs and Their Effect on Perceived Managerial Effectiveness in Lithuania

The aim of this study was to analyze the managerial work of Lithuanian managers in terms of managerial roles and their effect on perceived effectiveness of managers’ work in small and medium – sized companies in Lithuania. Literature analysis reveals the concept of managerial work in terms of roles played by managers and discusses the issue of managerial effectiveness. Both concepts are seen as highly complex phenomena where role accomplishing is recognized as an important influential factor in effective managerial work performance. A survey was used as the most appropriate tool for data collection. The respondents at managerial positions were randomly selected in SMEs in Lithuania. Exploratory factor analysis was used to single out managerial roles, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between managerial roles and perceived managerial effectiveness. The study revealed significant results in terms of performance of managerial roles and questioned the universalistic model of managerial roles by pointing out to their sensitivity to organizational context. The results demonstrate that a part of the activities of managers still fall within the framework of the traditional managerial roles. Yet, findings also suggest that there is a substantial part which can be subsumed under the new separate roles as Analyzer, Representor, and Networker. Regrouped managerial roles revealed a strong positive correlation with perceived managerial effectiveness.