Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method Validation for Analysis of Simvastatin in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS).

INTRODUCTION The Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) for determination simvastatin in human plasma has been developed after extraction by by ethyl acetate and hexane (90/10%, v/v) using lovastatin as internal standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mobile phase consisting of mixture of acetonitrile and water (75/25%, v/v) 500μL/min by separated the solutes on a C18 column. DISCUSSION The lower limit of quantitation of 0.25 ng/mL was achieved when the calibration curve was linear from 0.25-50 ng/mL. The entire run time for analysis was only 6 min. The quantitation in the selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode, the daughter ions m/z 325 for simvastatin and m/z 285 for lovastatin were used. The Parent ions in positive ion mode were m/z 441.3 for simvastatin and m/z 405.1 for lovastatin. The intra-day coefficients of variation were less than 14% while the inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 10%. CONCLUSION The LC-MS-MS detection is sensitive due to its capability to eliminate interferences from endogenous components.
"Dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation" a comparative evaluation with hand, rotary and reciprocating instrumentation.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dentinal micro cracks after instrumentation with various types of NiTi files in rotary and reciprocating motion. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred human extracted mandibular central incisors were taken and divided into 10 groups (n=10 teeth per group). Group 1- No preparation, Group 2 - Hand instrumentation, Groups 3,4 - ProTaper files in rotary and reciprocating motion, Groups 5,6 - ProTaper Next files in rotary and reciprocating motion, Groups 7,8 - Oneshape files in rotary and reciprocating motion, Groups 9,10 - Reciproc files in rotary and reciprocating motion. Specimens were sectioned horizontally at 3,6 and 9 mm from the apex and dentinal micro cracks were observed under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in crack formation between the groups (Protaper Next - Rot, Protaper Next - Rec, Reciproc - Rec); (ProTaper - Rot, ProTaper - Rec, Oneshape - Rot), (Oneshape - Rot, Reciproc - Rot), (One shape Reciproc, Reciproc - Rec); (p >.05). CONCLUSION Least cracks were seen in canals instrumented with Pro Taper Next files both in rotary and reciprocating motion. Full sequence rotary systems showed less cracks than single file systems and full sequence rotary systems showed less cracks in reciprocating motion than in rotary motion.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Drug De-addiction Centres (DDCs) in Punjab (Northern India).

BACKGROUND Drug addiction is on the rise in Punjab,India. There are 15 DDCs which are supported by the Indian Red Cross Society. There is alleged mushrooming of private Drug De-addiction Centres (DDCs) in the smaller towns, villages and cities of Punjab. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate DDCs in Punjab. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 DDCs were included in the study and scheduled visits were made to collect data by using a pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS The duration of treatment was 1 month at the Red Cross DDCs and it was approximately 6 months at private DDCs. The staff at the private DDCs were inadequate. The major drugs which were abused by patients were Propoxyphene, Alcohol, Bhukki and Cannabis. Patients were usually referred to the DDCs either by family members (35.3%) or social workers (29.8%). About 72.5% of patients were married, 36.3% had passed 10th standard and 54.4% were employed. A majority dropped out of the DDCs due to personal reasons and lack of family support. On comparison, more patients were found to be treated at Red Cross centres (75.3%) than at private centres (65.8%). All DDCs had conducted regular sessions of individual, group and family counseling for patients. Red Cross DDCs ensured that ex-clients received follow-ups and home visits. More patients were satisfied with the services which were provided by the Red Cross DDCs. On the contrary, more patients at the private DDCs complained about harassment fromstaff personnel (p>0.05). CONCLUSION It is recommended that all DDCs should be checked regularly, and that the private centres should be provided with additional support from the government, to help run them more efficiently.
Patterns of occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its correlation with ergonomic hazards among health care professionals

Background: Health care professionals are commonly identified as being at risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) from patient handling and from providing direct care during the course of a patient′s stay in the hospital. However, the pattern of occurrence of WMSDs and its relationship with ergonomic hazards among health care professionals has not been widely reported. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of WMSDs and its relationship with ergonomic hazard among health care professional who work in a Teaching Hospital in North Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among Dentists, Nurses, Physicians and physiotherapists working at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Different combinations of validated and standardized questionnaires were used for collecting data on pattern of WMSDs and ergonomic hazards among the health care professionals. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation and percentages) and inferential (Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis) statistics were used to analyse data. Alpha level was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 151 of 162 questionnaires were completed and returned and used for data analysis. The patterns of WMSDs showed higher occurrence among nurses (84.5%) and physiotherapists (83.3%) than physicians (25.3%) and dentist (45.4%). Low back pain was the most complaint (71.6%) among health care professionals followed by shoulder (46.8%) and then neck (42.2%). The upper back (14.7%) and the elbow (8.3%) were the less affected. Prolonged sitting and standing and working in an awkward posture were most common ergonomic hazards among participants. Multiple regression analysis reported statistically significant relationship between all areas of WMSDs and ergonomic hazards identified (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Occurrence of WMSDs among health care professionals was much higher among physiotherapist and nurses than physicians and dentists. Lower back, neck and shoulder were the three most reported WMSDs areas. Work-related ergonomic hazards showed relationship with WMSDs.
Clinico-pathological profile of adnexal torsion cases: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary care teaching hospital.

INTRODUCTION Torsion of the adnexa is a rare condition which can be potentially lethal for the women. The clinical presentation can be varied and can be seen in any age group. Understanding the clinical and pathological profile of patients suffering from adenexal torsion can guide the clinicians in diagnosing and managing the condition. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and pathological profile of adnexal torsion cases in a tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a retrospective analysis of hospital records. It included all cases of adnexal torsion that underwent laprotomy between January 2007 to December 2012 in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study was approved by the Institute's human Ethics Committee. RESULTS A total of 18 patients were included in the study. Majority (66.7%) of participants were in the reproductive age group. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom seen in 77.8% of patients. The other symptoms were abdominal distension, back ache and dysuria. Majority of the women belonged to Para 2 (44.4%) and Para 3 (27.8%). The proportion of women with one and two LSCS was 11.1% and 16.7% respectively. Tenderness (38.9%), mass (22.2%) were the common per abdomen findings. Perspeculum findings were normal in majority (88.9%) of the participants. About 39.2% of the patients presented with a mass in either fornices or pouch of Douglas on pervaginal examination. The side of lesion was only on right in 9 (50%) , only left in 7(38.9%) and both sides in 2 (11.1%) of cases. On histopathological examination, of the lesions there were mucinous cystadenoma (33.3%) serous cystadenoma (16.7%) and benign cystic teratoma (16.7%) as most common lesions. CONCLUSION Adnexal torsion, though a rare clinical condition can present as an emergency most of the times. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis, as the clinical presentation can be varied. But the diagnosis can be made certain only on the operating table, either by laparoscopy. Avoiding a delay in operating upon the patient will help prevent complications, and aid in conserving the ovary.
The World Health Report 1999. Making a Difference

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Dexamethasone as an additive to bupivacaine in fascia lliaca compartment block: a prospective, randomized and double blind study.

BACKGROUND Patients with fracture femur experience severe pain on movement during positioning for spinal anaesthesia. Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB) has been used effectively for providing analgesia during positioning of the patient for spinal anaesthesia. AIM To test the hypothesis that, adding dexamethasone would significantly prolong the duration of Bupivacaine in FICB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients aged 18 to 80 years posted for ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) of fracture femur were included to receive FICB. This was a prospective, randomized, double blind study done at tertiary medical college hospital. Thirty patients received 38ml of 0.25 % bupivacaine with 2ml saline and another 30 patients received 38ml of 0.25 % bupivacaine with 2ml dexamethasone (8mg). Thirty minutes after FICB, patient satisfaction during positioning for spinal anesthesia was recorded. In the post-operative period, duration of analgesia and the total doses of rescue analgesics were recorded in both the groups. RESULTS Patients who received Bupivacaine with dexamethasone had significant prolongation of analgesia and required fewer doses of rescue analgesics as compared to patients who received Bupivacaine alone for FICB. However, the onset of analgesia, VAS scores and patient satisfaction during positioning for spinal anaesthesia were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Our study shows that adding Dexamethasone (8mg) to Bupivacaine for FICB significantly prolonged the duration of block and decreased the requirement of rescue analgesics as compared to patients who received Bupivacaine alone. FICB is relatively easy and safe to perform. In our study we did not encounter any complication while doing the procedures and also by adding dexamethasone.
Comparative efficacy and safety of triple therapy (ramipril, telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide) vs dual anti hypertensive therapy (ramipril or telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide) in stage 2 hypertensive patients.

AIM To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of ramipril 5mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg (R + HCTZ), telmisartan 40mg plus hydrochlorothiazide12.5mg (T + HCTZ) and ramipril 2.5mg plus telmisartan 20mg plus hydrochlorothiazide12.5mg (R + T + HCTZ) in patients with stage 2 hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, open label, randomized comparative study was conducted to study the comparative efficacy and safety of R+HCTZ (group 1), T+HCTZ (group 2)and R+T+TCTZ (group3) in 88 patients with stage 2 hypertension without co-morbid conditions. Echocardiography was done to assess left ventricular function. Patients were followed up to 24 weeks and any ADR occurring in this period was recorded. RESULTS All the three treatment groups showed significant fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the baseline scores (p<0.0001). Intergroup comparison did not reveal any significant difference. Total number of adverse drug events reported were 15. Group III had higher percentage ADRs. Dry cough (8) was most common ADR. The echocardiography parameters did not change from baseline values with all three treatment regimens. CONCLUSION All three medications were of equal efficacy in patients with stage 2 hypertension without co morbid conditions, failing to prove superiority over each other.
Dental caries and periodontal status of mentally handicapped institutilized children.

BACKGROUND Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most prevalent dental disease among mentally retarded children worldwide. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES A study was carried out in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan state of India to assess the Dental caries and periodontal Status of Mentally handicapped attending special schools children in Jodhpur city. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 80 mentally handicapped subjects, attending a Special Needs school in Jodhpur City. Dental caries and Periodontal Status were recorded following the WHO basic oral health survey. RESULTS None of the subject had healthy periodontal status, dental caries was found in 79.2% of the subjects, Lymphadenopathy was observed in highest number of subjects 55 (76.3%). CONCLUSION Health professionals should therefore be aware of the impact of mental illness and its treatment on oral health, Health personnel should receive training to support and provide all possible services to this population.
An In-vitro Evaluation of the pH Change Through Root Dentin Using Different Calcium Hydroxide Preparations as an Intracanal Medicament.

CONTEXT The aim of the study was to evaluate the pH variation in the surrounding medium after the use of two different vehicles of Calcium hydroxide - Saline (aqueous), Propylene glycol (viscous) and Calcium hydroxide containing guttapercha points over a period of 7 days as an intracanal medicament. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty single rooted premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and cleaned and shaped uptil size 40 master apical file. External defects were made on the mesial surface in the coronal third of the roots and divided randomly into 4 groups. One control and three experimental. In the control - group I the root canals were left empty. In the experimental groups - group II was filled with Ca(OH)2 + saline, group III was filled with Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol and group IV the root canals were filled with Calcium hydroxide points. The coronal accesses were sealed with 3mm of Cavit G and all the surfaces of the root except the defect were covered with 3 coats at Nail varnish. The samples were then placed in air tight vials containing 2ml of distilled water. The vials were kept in an incubator and the pH of the surrounding medium was measured using a digital pH meter after 1,3,5 and 7 days respectively. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) existed between the experimental groups over the observation period. At day 1, a high pH was recorded by the calcium hydroxide points and saline groups and a lower pH by the propylene group. At day's 3 and 5, the maximum pH was recorded by the propylene glycol group and minimum by the calcium hydroxide points and saline groups. At day 7, the pH of all the groups had dropped, with propylene glycol recording the maximum pH followed by saline and lastly calcium hydroxide points. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, a viscous vehicle is better among other vehicles, calcium hydroxide paste of propylene glycol provided the highest 7 days release of hydroxyl ions.
A study on victims of sexual offences in South Delhi.

Securing evidence after sexual offence is an important task for physicians. Poor medical evidence is often responsible for low conviction rate. Therefore appropriate and correctly performed physical examination in cases of sexual assault is of crucial importance and analysis of preserved biological specimens such as blood and semen often yields vital evidence in contemporary criminal investigation. In the present article the incidence and pattern of sexual offenses in South Delhi along with demographic variables findings of physical and genital examination of victims and results of medical evidences collected are presented. (excerpt)
Prevalence of Malocclusion and its Psycho-Social Impact among 12 To 15-Year-old School Children in Lucknow City.

BACKGROUND Facial aesthetics affects how people are perceived by society and how they perceive themselves. Anterior malocclusion can have an impact on the overall facial appearance. AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its psycho-social impact among 12 to 15 yrs old school children in Lucknow city. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of collection of information for psychosocial assessment using a questionnaire and clinical examination of malocclusion. Data regarding psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was collected using a Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) given by Klages et al., (2006). RESULTS 15.57% children belonged to the definite malocclusion category and 5.41% to the handicapped malocclusion category. The mean Dental self confidence score differed significantly among both male (p≤0.001) and female children (p≤0.001) across the age groups. The mean Social impact score did not differ significantly among both male (p≤0.31) and female children (p≤0.12) across the age groups. CONCLUSION The results of the present study imply that dental aesthetics had a significant impact on the psychosocial aspects of human life irrespective of the gender.
Dentition Status, Treatment Needs and Risk Predictors for Dental Caries among Institutionalised Disabled Individuals in Central India.

INTRODUCTION Children and adolescents with disabilities appear to have poorer oral health than their non-disabled counterparts. Individuals with disabilities or illnesses receive less oral care than the normal population. OBJECTIVE To determine the dentition status, treatment needs and risk predictors for dental caries of the institutionalized disabled individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with pre-tested questionnaire among 330 institutionalised disabled individuals in the age range from 3 to 22 years. The Dentition status and treatment needs were assessed by using WHO Oral health Proforma 1997. ANOVA test, chi-square test and backward conditional logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The mean DMFT for all the groups was 1.26 and the mean deft was 0.59. Backward conditional logistic regression revealed that only age categories and disability types were significantly associated with dental caries. Individuals who were mentally retarded (OR=1.36) and in the age group of 13-17 y (OR=1.91) were more likely to develop dental caries. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study showed that overall caries experience was low but the treatment need was high among these institutionalized disabled individuals.
Comparative Evaluation of Disc Diffusion and E-test with Broth Micro-dilution in Susceptibility testing of Amphotericin B, Voriconazole and Caspofungin against Clinical Aspergillus isolates.

BACKGROUND Clinical importance of Aspergillus has increased over the past few decades because of rise in immunosuppressive drugs and immune-modulating diseases. Antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus is rarely performed by clinical laboratories because of lack of easier method. This study has investigated and compared susceptibility pattern of Aspergillus isolates by disc diffusion, E-test and broth micro-dilution for amphotericin B, voriconazole and caspofungin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk diffusion (DD) method of antifungal susceptibility (AFS) was evaluated for three different classes of antifungals: amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole (VCZ) and caspofungin (CAS). Forty four clinical isolates of Aspergillus were selected; these included 34 A.fumigatus, 8 A.flavus and 2 A. terreus. AFS by DD and E-test was done on non-supplemented Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) and was compared to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI) broth micro-dilution (BMD) method of AFS. RESULTS Disk diffusion method for amphotericin B showed 87.5% agreement while E-test showed 93.8% agreement with broth micro-dilution. The agreement with broth micro-dilution was similar for both disk diffusion and E-test in case of voriconazole (93.8%) and caspofungin (100%). 31.8% and 9.1% Aspergillus isolates were found to have amphotericin B and voriconazole MIC values above epidemiological cut off value (ECV) respectively. All isolates were within ECV for caspofungin. CONCLUSION CLSI method of DD promises to be easier, reproducible and cost effective method of susceptibility testing, but this method must be interpreted with caution in case of amphotericin B susceptibility testing. E-test correlates better than DD with BMD.
The Attitudes of Students and Academic Staff Towards Electronic Course Support—are we Convergent?

The present study investigates the views and attitudes of both the students and staff with regard to the usefulness of electronic course support throughout all four years of the MPharm programme at Aston University. Students were sampled between January and March 2001 using a self-completion questionnaire administered during the start of a practical or tutorial class. All internal academic staff were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. Response rates were 100 and 89.5%, respectively. The study found that students rapidly embraced the use of electronic course support within the undergraduate programme, although they view its role as augmenting traditional course delivery. This view was mirrored by the academic staff, although only around a half currently place their material on the University's virtual learning environment (VLE), WebCT. The failure of staff to completely embrace the VLE is grounded in a lack of confidence and ability in its use. A majority of the academic staff indicated that they wish to be trained further in the use of information technology. Academic institutions need to understand and meet these needs in parallel with the introduction of any electronic course support.