Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel self-reconfiguration for MEMS microrobots

MEMS microrobots are low-power and low-memory capacity devices that can sense and act. One of the most difficult challenges in MEMS microrobot applications is the self-reconfiguration, especially when the efficiency, parallelism and the scalability of the algorithm are required. Self-reconfiguration with shared map does not scale. Because the map (predefined position of the target shape) consists of P positions, and each node must have a memory capacity, at least, of P positions. Therefore, if P is very high, the self-reconfiguration will be not feasible. In this paper, we present an efficient reconfiguration algorithm, without predefined positions of the target shape, which reduces memory usage to O(1). This algorithm ensures the networks connectivity throughout all its execution time. This solution improves the execution time and the number of movements by using movement of different microrobots at the same time that we call parallelism of movement. Our algorithm is implemented in Meld, a declarative language, and executed in a real environment simulator called DPRSim.
A maleness gene in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Female-fatal product of the Yob gene Mechanisms of sex determination are highly variable and complex in invertebrates. For vector-borne disease control strategies, it is important to understand the reproductive biology of the organisms involved. Krzywinska et al. have studied sex determination in species of Anopheles mosquitoes, whose females suck blood and can transmit malaria parasites (see the Perspective by Sinkins). One gene called Yob is found only on the Y chromosome of males. Yob is expressed in male embryos within 2 hours of eggs being laid, and transcription continues lifelong. If Yob is injected into embryos younger than 2 hours, only male mosquitoes emerge, because Yob's presence is lethal to female embryos. Science, this issue p. 67; see also p. 33 The M factor of anopheline mosquitoes is encoded by the Yob gene on the Y chromosome and is lethal to female embryos. The molecular pathways controlling gender are highly variable and have been identified in only a few nonmammalian model species. In many insects, maleness is conferred by a Y chromosome–linked M factor of unknown nature. We have isolated and characterized a gene, Yob, for the M factor in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Yob, activated at the beginning of zygotic transcription and expressed throughout a male’s life, controls male-specific splicing of the doublesex gene. Silencing embryonic Yob expression is male-lethal, whereas ectopic embryonic delivery of Yob transcripts yields male-only broods. This female-killing property may be an invaluable tool for creation of conditional male-only transgenic Anopheles strains for malaria control programs.
A New Front-End for Binary Data Recovery in EM Polluted Environment

This paper deals with the susceptibility of input digital front-end to electromagnetic interference (EMI) that, due to the rapid growth of the EM pollution and to the continuous reduction of the supply voltage, has become a major issue in system reliability. In this context, a new digital input front-end highly immune to the radio-frequency interference (RFI) collected by wiring interconnects (e.g., printed circuit board traces). This receiver is able to retrieve the nominal logic value of the transmitted binary data corrupted by EM disturbances and to estimate the EM disturbance amplitude affecting the binary input signal. The effectiveness of the proposed front-end is proved through computer simulations and experimental measurements.
Interventions in Physician-Elderly Patient Interactions

Currently, most research in the area of physician-elderly patient interactions relates to either outcome, context, or interaction styles. There are limited data in the area of intervention studies. The authors recognize five specific areas of interventional research to consider: communication during encounters, characteristics of older patients, physical impairments, physician attributes, and the team approach to health care. Also highlighted are recognition and evaluation of the special needs of elderly patients through geriatric assessment. The authors recognize the need for more intervention studies that attempt to change patient or physician behaviors and the applicability of the classic randomized controlled model of research. Overall, the authors contend that the formation of strong, meaningful relationships between elderly patients and their physicians is best achieved through effective medical communication and care, and thus should be the function of appropriate interventions.
Retrospective Study of Pattern of External Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents

A retrospective study of road traffic accident cases during the period January 1 st 2010 to 31 st December 2012 conducted in Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India. Patients with alleged history of road traffic accidents brought to the casualty of Sri Siddhartha Medical College were included in the study. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) are increasing is an alarming rate throughout the world and causing increased morbidity and mortality among people. Patients in RTAs sustain large varieties of injuries such as abrasions, contusions, lacerations and fractures, which may be fatal or nonfatal. Pattern of the injuries helps in reconstruction of RTA. Hence, the present study conducted to know the pattern of injuries sustained in patients of RTAs, patients age and sex. Implementation of safety measures to prevent the incidence of RTAs is very much essential.
Calcifying Nested Stroma-Epithelial Tumor of the Liver: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Calcifying nested stromal—epithelial tumor (CNSET) of the liver is extremely rare. This tumor is characterized by nests of epithelial and spindle cells, an associated desmoplastic stroma, as well as variable calcifications and ossifications. Only 24 cases have been reported in the literature whereas none has been reported in Asian descendants. The authors report the first case of CNSET in a 34-year-old Asian woman and provide detailed histological and clinical follow-up data. Compared with those reported earlier, the present case with a history of oral contraceptive use displayed most typical features and the oldest age of onset. A retrospective study was made and the characteristics of CNSET were summarized.
Oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in the mouse juvenile and adult central nervous system

One size does not fit all Oligodendrocytes are best known for their ability to myelinate brain neurons, thus increasing the speed of signal transmission. Marques et al. surveyed oligodendrocytes of developing mice and found unexpected heterogeneity. Transcriptional analysis identified 12 populations, ranging from precursors to mature oligodendrocytes. Transcriptional profiles diverged as the oligodendrocytes matured, building distinct populations. One population was responsive to motor learning, and another, with a different transcriptome, traveled along blood vessels. Science, this issue p. 1326 Brain oligodendrocytes express transcriptional heterogeneity between brain regions and age of development. Oligodendrocytes have been considered as a functionally homogeneous population in the central nervous system (CNS). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 5072 cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage from 10 regions of the mouse juvenile and adult CNS. Thirteen distinct populations were identified, 12 of which represent a continuum from Pdgfra+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to distinct mature oligodendrocytes. Initial stages of differentiation were similar across the juvenile CNS, whereas subsets of mature oligodendrocytes were enriched in specific regions in the adult brain. Newly formed oligodendrocytes were detected in the adult CNS and were responsive to complex motor learning. A second Pdgfra+ population, distinct from OPCs, was found along vessels. Our study reveals the dynamics of oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation, uncoupling them at a transcriptional level and highlighting oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in the CNS.
Pseudo-Linear Analysis of Bang-Bang Controlled Timing Circuits

This paper describes an accurate, yet analytical method to predict the key characteristics of a bang-bang controlled timing loop: namely, the jitter transfer (JTRAN), jitter generation (JG), and jitter tolerance (JTOL). The analysis basically derives a linearized model of the system, where the bang-bang phase detector is modeled as a set of two linearized gain elements and an additive white noise source. This phase detector (PD) model is by far the most extensive one in literature, which can correctly estimate the effects of random jitter, transition density, and finite loop latency on the loop characteristics. The described pseudo-linear analysis assumes the presence of random jitter at the PD input and the minimum jitter necessary to keep the linear model valid is derived, based on a describing function analysis and Nyquist stability analysis. The presented analysis re-confirms the findings of prior theories and provides theoretical basis to the prior empirically-drawn equations, such as those for the quantization noise power and the gain reduction in presence of a finite loop delay. The predictions based on the presented analysis match well with the results from time-accurate behavioral simulations.
The contribution of imprisonment and release to fatal overdose among a cohort of Norwegian drug abusers

This study was designed to supplement knowledge of three aspects of fatal overdose and imprisonment. Our aims were to investigate whether drug abusers are subject to a higher-than-usual risk of fatal overdose immediately after release from prison, to assess the length of the high-risk period and to investigate the net effect of imprisonment–the pooled effect of both imprisonment and release–on overdose death. The analyses were conducted on the basis of data from a cohort of 338 imprisoned Norwegian drug abusers. Cox regression models were applied including the explanatory time-dependent covariate for imprisonment and the post-release period. We find that the risk of death from overdose during the 2 weeks after release from prison was 10 times higher, and during the 3-week period six times higher, than during other time spent outside prison. An elevated risk was also indicated for the fourth week. Taking into account findings in the literature, the period of elevated risk should be considered to last up to 4 weeks. When the risk period analysed includes both time spent in prison and the post-release period, the risk of fatal overdose is not found to differ from other periods outside prison.
Outcome of patients fed via a nasogastric tube retained with a bridle loop: do bridle loops reduce the requirement for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion and 30-day mortality?

Between 40 and 80% of feeding nasogastric tubes (NGT) become dislodged (1,2) . This results in feeding delays, wasted staff time and an increased risk of aspiration if the tube becomes partially displaced. The use of nasal bridle loops has been shown to have very few complications and minimal discomfort (3) . It improves nutritional intake and allows some stroke patients to recover their swallow and so avoid PEG insertion (4) . A previous non-randomised study suggested that they may reduce the PEG-related mortality (5) . Within our Trust the policy is to insert a bridle loop following the removal of three standard feeding NGT. Contraindications include fractured facial or cranial bones, obstructed nasal passages and the severely agitated patient who is deemed likely to traumatise themselves via traction on the tube. Applied Medical Technologies (AMT) bridle loops are used and inserted at the bedside by one of our three trained nutrition nurses. NG tubes are passed using standard techniques. 15-gauge Freka PEG tubes are placed endoscopically with antibiotic prophylaxis. We prospectively collected data on patient demographics, indications and outcome for our NG bridle loop service run throughout our trust from May 2006 to May 2007. PEG related mortality rates were also collected before and during the study period. A total of ﬁfty-three patients were referred for a bridle loop and forty-ﬁve (85%) were successfully placed, mean age 79 (range 36–98) years, 58% male. Of the forty-ﬁve patients, the majority ( n 40) were medical patients, one surgical, one ICU, two rehab. and one a community hospital patient. Their underlying diagnoses were a stroke ( n 24), other neurology
Depolarized MUC1 Expression Is Closely Associated With Hypoxic Markers and Poor Outcome in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

MUC1 is transmembrane mucin aberrantly overexpressed in various cancers. However, little is known about how MUC1 expression is associated with hypoxia, glucose metabolism, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, which are related to cancer progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between MUC1 expression and these molecular markers in lung cancer. Of all 126 patients, high-grade polarized expression (HP), low-grade polarized expression (LP), and depolarized expression (DP) group were 50 (39.7%), 35 (27.8%), and 41 (32.5%), respectively. Depolarized MUC1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcome and was closely correlated with glucose metabolism (Glut1), hypoxia (HIF-1α), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density), amino acid metabolism (LAT1), and EGFR expression. High-grade polarized MUC1 expression was associated with favorable prognosis and adenocarcinoma. Depolarized MUC1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcome. Glucose metabolism, hypoxia, angiogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and EGFR pathway may play an important role in the development of depolarized MUC1 expression.
Hidden linkages between urbanization and food systems

Global societies are becoming increasingly urban. This shift toward urban living is changing our relationship with food, including how we shop and what we buy, as well as ideas about sanitation and freshness. Achieving food security in an era of rapid urbanization will require considerably more understanding about how urban and food systems are intertwined. Here we discuss some potential understudied linkages that are ripe for further examination.
Efficient Algorithm and Architecture for Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Extremely Constrained Secure Applications

Recently, considerable research has been performed in cryptography and security to optimize the area, power, timing, and energy needed for the point multiplication operations over binary elliptic curves. In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation of point multiplication on Koblitz curves targeting extremely-constrained, secure applications. We utilize the Gaussian normal basis (GNB) representation of field elements over GF(2m) and employ an efficient bit-level GNB multiplier. One advantage of this GNB multiplier is that we are able to reduce the hardware complexity through sharing the addition/accumulation with other field additions. We utilized the special property of normal basis representation and squarings are implemented very efficiently by only rewiring in hardware. We introduce a new technique for point addition in affine coordinate which requires fewer registers. Based on this technique, we propose an extremely small processor architecture for point multiplication. Through application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementations, we evaluate the area, performance, and energy consumption of the proposed crypto-processor. Utilizing two different working frequencies, it is shown that the proposed architecture reaches better results compared to the previous works, making it suitable for extremely-constrained, secure environments.
Teleseismic S wave microseisms

A seismic “weather bomb” detector Seismic tomography is like an x-ray of Earth's interior, except that it uses earthquakes for the illumination. Earthquakes are imperfect illuminators because they are clustered on plate boundaries, leaving much of the interior in the shadows. Using a seismic array in Japan, Nishida and Takagi detected seismic waves that they attribute to a severe and distant North Atlantic storm called a “weather bomb” (see the Perspective by Gerstoft and Bromirski). The seismic energy traveling from weather bombs through the Earth appears to be capable of illuminating the many dark patches of Earth's interior. Science, this issue p. 919; see also p. 869 Detection of microseisms from a severe distant storm provides a new path for seismic structure determination. Although observations of microseisms excited by ocean swells were firmly established in the 1940s, the source locations remain difficult to track. Delineation of the source locations and energy partition of the seismic wave components are key to understanding the excitation mechanisms. Using a seismic array in Japan, we observed both P and S wave microseisms excited by a severe distant storm in the Atlantic Ocean. Although nonlinear forcing of an ocean swell with a one-dimensional Earth model can explain P waves and vertically polarized S waves (SV waves), it cannot explain horizontally polarized S waves (SH waves). The precise source locations may provide a new catalog for exploring Earth’s interior.
Applications of Body Biasing in Multistage CMOS Low-Noise Amplifiers

Low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are one of the important building blocks of wireless receivers. LNA design parameters such as gain, noise figure, linearity, input matching, and stability are important metrics and typically affect the overall performance of the receiver. The strong trade-offs among these design parameters often necessitate several design iterations. While many of these trade-offs are due to the nature of the circuit and are inevitable, it is desirable to decouple the effects of each parameter on the others. In this work, body biasing is introduced as a technique to enhance the linearity, to improve the noise figure and to provide gain variation. These techniques are presented in the context of a three-stage LNA. By applying body biasing in each stage, noise figure, gain variation and linearity of the overall amplifier are adjusted almost independently, i.e., with minimal interrelation among these design parameters. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype 4.4-GHz LNA is designed and fabricated in a 0.13- μm CMOS technology. The LNA achieves a minimum noise figure of 3.8 dB, maximum gain of 20.2 dB, and a maximum IIP3 of -14 dBm while consuming 3.6 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Implementation of a High-Throughput Modified Merge Sort in MIMO Detection Systems

Wireless communication technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, and researchers have made tremendous progress in extending single-input single-output (SISO) systems to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems such as IEEE 802.11n, WiMAX, and LTE. However, a MIMO system requires a detector circuit to separate received data. To reduce the number of comparators required, the method of modified merge sort is proposed, and the results are compared with those of five sorting algorithms. This modified merge sort requires approximately 56% fewer comparators than a bitonic merge sort and approximately 46% fewer comparators than an odd-even merge sort. When implemented in a TSMC 0.18-μm process, the proposed chip demonstrates a throughput of up to 1200 Mbps at an operating frequency of 150 MHz.
mTORC1 activity repression by late endosomal phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

Effects of a lipid signaling molecule depend on its subcellular location. Local specificity of growth signals The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell growth in response to nutrients. Marat et al. found that the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2], which, when generated at the cell surface, is linked to stimulation of mTORC1 and promotion of cell growth, does the opposite when synthesized at the late endosome or lysosome. In cells deprived of nutrients, PI(3,4)P2 was produced at lysosomes, where it recruited an inhibitor of mTORC1. The results elucidate the complex regulation of mTORC1, which is altered in human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Science, this issue p. 968 Nutrient sensing by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on lysosomes and late endosomes (LyLEs) regulates cell growth. Many factors stimulate mTORC1 activity, including the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] by class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) at the plasma membrane. We investigated mechanisms that repress mTORC1 under conditions of growth factor deprivation. We identified phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2], synthesized by class II PI3K β (PI3KC2β) at LyLEs, as a negative regulator of mTORC1, whereas loss of PI3KC2β hyperactivated mTORC1. Growth factor deprivation induced the association of PI3KC2β with the Raptor subunit of mTORC1. Local PI(3,4)P2 synthesis triggered repression of mTORC1 activity through association of Raptor with inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins. These results unravel an unexpected function for local PI(3,4)P2 production in shutting off mTORC1.
Tactoid body features in a Schwann cell hamartoma of colonic mucosa

Background. Mesenchymal colorectal polyps are uncommon lesions, particularly those of neurogenic origin. We describe a mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma of the colon with tactoid features, so far reported in peripheral nerve sheath tumours, and address its differential diagnosis and clinical implications. Case presentation. A 72-year-old man underwent screening colonoscopy that presented a 5-mm polyp on distal sigmoid. Histologically, it displayed a lesion in the lamina propria comprising oval structures with tactoid features and bland spindle cells, entrapping adjacent crypts. No ganglion cells were seen. Spindle cells expressed only S-100 protein and vimentin. Discussion. Mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma was recently recognized as distinct from common (submucosal) colorectal Schwannomas and so far not associated to inherited syndromes. Thus, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of look-alike lesions (eg, ganglioneuroma, neuroma, and neurofibroma) that may occur in the setting of inherited syndromes such as Cowden syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia-2B, and type 1 neurofibromatosis.