Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. Their role in the dumping syndrome.

This study evaluated the effect of gastric bypass on the glucose, insulin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin, and motilin response to orally administered glucose in eight morbidly obese patients before and after operation. Preoperatively, all eight patients remained asymptomatic during an oral glucose tolerance test, which showed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinism. Plasma VIP, neurotensin, and motilin remained below detectable levels for the entire test. At three months following gastric bypass (21% weight loss), all eight patients became acutely ill during a repeated oral glucose tolerance test and had the following symptoms: facial flushing (eight patients), palpitations (eight patients), nausea (seven patients), abdominal fullness (seven patients), pallor (four patients), diaphoresis (two patients), vomiting (two patients), and diarrhea (two patients). Significant release of neurotensin occurred in seven patients while three patients had release of VIP, further implicating these two peptides as part of the pathophysiologic spectrum of the "dumping syndrome. "
Effects of posterior chamber lens implantation on the endothelium of transplanted corneas

AIMS The morphological changes of the corneal endothelium after posterior chamber lens implantation in the transplanted corneas were investigated. METHODS 36 patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation. Among these, penetrating keratoplasty had been performed in 18 patients before cataract surgery. The indications for penetrating keratoplasty in these cases included keratoconus, herpetic keratitis, and macula cornea. 18 cataract patients with normal corneas were also studied as controls. The central corneal endothelium in each subject was examined with a wide field specular microscope at a few days before and 3 months after cataract surgery. RESULTS Although the transplanted corneas showed lower endothelial cell densities, marked polymegethism, and pleomorphism in the baseline variables, the endothelial morphological changes in the transplanted corneas after posterior chamber lens implantation were comparable with those in the normal corneas. Also, there was no clinical evidence, especially, of corneal epithelial and/or endothelial rejections and corneal decompensation in all corneas. CONCLUSION Even though the transplanted corneas have a lower endothelial cell density and marked polymegethism, it is believed that cataract surgery does not induce corneal decompensation in cases where the peripheral recipient endothelium can be considered to have normal morphology.
Advances in immunotherapy for melanoma management

ABSTRACT Melanoma remains a leading cause of death among young adults. Evidence that melanoma tumor cells are highly immunogenic and a better understanding of T-cell immune checkpoints have changed the therapeutic approach to advanced melanoma. Instead of targeting the tumor directly, immunotherapy targets and activates the immune response using checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and adoptive T cell therapy. This review focuses on the immune signaling and biological mechanisms of action of recent immune-based melanoma therapies as well as their clinical benefits.
School-related factors contributing to the delivery enhancement of the special science program in Western Visayas, Philippines

In this mixed-method study, the secondary schools in Western Visayas, Philippines offering special science program (SSP) were assessed as basis for delivery enhancement. The SSP along student-related factors and the extent of implementation in the areas of curriculum and instruction, laboratory facilities, and administration in terms of the different classification of Philippines’ Department of Education (DepED) were evaluated. A survey instrument was used to gather information from the principals, department heads, science and mathematics teachers handling special science classes, property or laboratory custodians representing nine participating special science classes (SSC) in Western Visayas. Descriptive analysis was done using percentage, mean and standard deviation shown in graphs and tables. Results of the study revealed that the National Achievement Test mean percentage score of the students for the last three years had an irregular trend and majority of students’ participation in science-related activities was in the regional level. There was a high extent of implementation along the areas of curriculum and instruction and administrative support. The common problem encountered by teachers was the lack of laboratory facilities that were described insufficient while the library resources were sufficient.
Gebelik Takibinde Hastaların Hekim Tercihinde Hekim Cinsiyetinin Etkisi Var mı

Aim: The aim of the study was to find out whether gender preference plays a role in the physician choice of women needing obstetric care and to investigate the factors affecting this choice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional research. The study group comprised 191 women who gave birth to their babies in Afyon Zubeyde Hanim Maternity Hospital during the February of 2003. Data were collected using survey forms and face-to-face interview technique whereby women were interviewed in the early postpartum period before being discharged from the hospital. Results: 8.90% (17 women) of the women reported that they preferred male physicians and 11.0% (21) of the women reported that they preferred female physicians to follow-up their pregnancy, while 80.10% (153) said that they did not make such a gender preference. When women were asked to state the reasons that affected their choice of physicians, the most recurrent answer among those who did not choose physicians according to their gender and those who chose male physicians was trust in the professional experience and technical competence of the physician, whereas those who preferred female physicians explained their preference by humane treatment like the physician’s being closer to the patients and more empathetic. Conclusions: It was seen that the physician’s technical competence and professional experience or personal characteristics like compassion for the patient or successful communication skills were rated higher than the physician’s gender when women needing obstetric care chose their physicians.
An Arabidopsis Mutant Resistant to Thaxtomin A, a Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitor from Streptomyces Species Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.013342.

Thaxtomin A is a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies and other Streptomyces species, the causative agents of common scab disease in potato and other taproot crops. At nanomolar concentrations, thaxtomin causes dramatic cell swelling, reduced seedling growth, and inhibition of cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis. We identified a mutant of Arabidopsis, designated txr1, that exhibits increased resistance to thaxtomin as a result of a decrease in the rate of toxin uptake. The TXR1 gene was identified by map-based cloning and found to encode a novel, small protein with no apparent motifs or organelle-targeting signals. The protein, which has homologs in all fully sequenced eukaryotic genomes, is expressed in all tissues and during all developmental stages analyzed. Microarray transcript profiling of some 14,300 genes revealed two stomatin-like genes that were expressed differentially in the txr1 mutant and the wild type. We propose that TXR1 is a regulator of a transport mechanism.
Psychological Difficulties among Children and Adolescents with Ethnic Danish, Immigrant, and Refugee Backgrounds

Abstract Objective: This study investigated and compared the prevalence of psychological difficulties among Danish, immigrant, and refugee children. Methods: We enrolled 332 children between the ages of 8 and 18 years (148 Danish children, 81 immigrant children, and 67 children with refugee backgrounds), all from low-income areas of residence. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Symptoms Checklist, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Revised Childrenâ€™s Anxiety and Depression Scale were applied. Results: We found significant differences among the groups, with Danish children reporting lower levels of conduct problems than both immigrant children (P ` .01) and refugee children (P ` .05). Refugee children also reported more peer problems (P ` .05), more symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (P ` .01), and more separation anxiety symptoms (P ` .05) than the Danish children. No significant differences with regard to age or gender were found among the groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that, although immigrant children had higher levels of conduct problems than ethnic Danish children, they did not suffer from higher levels of internalizing psychological difficulties. However, refugee children were at higher risk for psychological difficulties associated with both externalizing and internalizing.
Species differences in inducibility of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase.

In the rat, the enzyme that methylates norepinephrine to form epinephrine, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT), is highly localized in the adrenal medulla. Its activity is controlled by steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex. Frog PNMT differs from the rat enzyme in its pH, ionic strength, and temperature optima, its thermolability, stability in cold, dilute buffer, and rate of migration on starch-block electrophoresis. The substrate specificities of both enzymes are similar, and both are stimulated in vitro by ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA), and inhibited by tranylcypromine. Unlike the rat enzyme, frog PNMT activity is present in many organs, and does not decline following hypophysectomy. It is suggested that frog PNMT is an uninducible form of the rat enzyme. (Endocrinology 82: 584, 1968)
Effects of Laser and Ozone Therapies on Bone Healing in the Calvarial Defects

Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone therapy on the bone healing of critical size defect (CSD) in rat calvaria. A total of 30 Wistar male rats were used. A 5-mm-diameter trephine bur was used to create CSD on the right side of the parietal bone of each rat calvarium. Once the bone was excised, a synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate graft material was implanted to all the bone defect sites. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: the control group (n = 10), which received no LLLT or ozone therapy; the LLLT group (n = 10), which received only LLLT (120 seconds, 3 times a week for 2 weeks); and the ozone therapy group (n = 10) (120 seconds, 3 times a week for 2 weeks). After 1 month, all the rats were killed, and the sections were examined to evaluate the presence of inflammatory infiltrate, connective tissue, and new bone formation areas. Histomorphometric analyses showed that in the LLLT and ozone groups, the new bone areas were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the LLLT group, higher new bone areas were found than in the ozone group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both ozone and laser therapies had a positive effect on bone formation in rat calvarial defect, compared with the control group; however, ozone therapy was more effective than LLLT (808 nm; 0.1 W; 4 J/cm2; 0.028 cm2, continuous wave mode).
Studies on the physico-chemical properties of reagin to horse dandruff.

Human allergic serum has been fractionated by: (1) Chromatography on diethyl amino ethyl cellulose columns. (2) Ultracentrifugation in buffered sucrose gradients. Passive transfer tests with the fractions showed skin sensitizing activity to horse dandruff allergen to be associated with an electrophoretic gamma1-globulin component possessing a 7S sedimentation constant. The difficulties encountered in the use of the chromatographic procedure for obtaining potent reagin preparations are discussed.
"I'm Not Just a Mom": Parents Developing Multiple Roles in Creative Computing

: Creating, designing, and building with computing have gained recognition as important activities for children, but few actually engage in these creative opportunities. Social support from parents can be essential to engaging children, but for parents with limited backgrounds in computing, they are often unsure what roles they can play. For parents to develop supportive roles, they must gain first-hand experience in creative computing for themselves and with their children. In this paper, we examine the experiences of parents participating in a community-based program called Family Creative Learning, where families design and invent together using creative technologies like Scratch. We describe three case studies of how parents developed multiple roles such as collaborator, teacher, and learner as they created and collaborated with their children on technology-based projects
Transcatheter arterial embolization for control of persistent massive puerperal hemorrhage after bilateral surgical hypogastric artery ligation.

Surgical ligation of the hypogastnic arteries for control of intractable pelvic hemorrhage is a well established procedune [1 -6]. Indications for ligation for treatment of lifethreatening hemorrhage include bleeding from malignancy, pelvic trauma, vascular malformation, iatnogenic injury to major vessels, and postpartum hemorrhage. Due to the rapid collateral flow development in the pelvis, persistent bleeding may be difficult to control. Further ligation, suturing, tight packing, on a more extensive surgical approach have all been suggested [2, 4]. Recent experience suggests that selective transartenial embolization may be a more effective means of therapy than surgery. This paper reports successful hemostasis of massive postpartum pelvic hemornhage by transcatheten embolization of absorbable gelatin sponge for bleeding which continued despite bilateral sungical internal iliac artery ligation, total abdominal hystenectomy, and vaginal packing. The internal iliac ligation actually complicated the embolization by limiting accessibility of vessels to embolization. To our knowledge neither arterial embolization following bilateral internal iliac artery ligation non its use in the postpartum setting have been previously reported.
Use of bolus intraperitoneal aminoglycosides for treating peritonitis in end-stage renal disease patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and accounts for the most drop-out from PD among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Antibiotic protocols to treat peritonitis recommend initial treatment for both gram-positive and gram-negative infections, pending culture results. Current literature also suggests comparable therapeutic success using bolus (single-dose) parenteral aminoglycosides to treat systemic gram-negative infections compared to conventional divided-dose aminoglycosides. The single bolus dose antibiotic regimen has the potential for reduced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. We therefore hypothesized that intermittent bolus dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) aminoglycosides may be superior to conventional continuous dose i.p. aminoglycosides in treating dialysis-associated peritonitis, and have fewer side effects. Six patients with clinical peritonitis were treated with single, bolus-dose, i.p. gentamicin or tobramycin (5 mg/kg ideal body weight), range 250-440 mg (mean: 355 +/- 68.25 mg) at the start of therapy. No patient grew gram-negative organisms; aminoglycosides were therefore not repeated. Three patients used four continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) exchanges per day; three patients used six nightly continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) exchanges with a daytime dwell. Mean PD aminoglycoside clearance was 6.75 +/- 2.27 mm3/min; mean urinary aminoglycoside clearance was 5.75 +/- 1.14 mm3/min. Mean blood aminoglycoside elimination t1/2 was 29.27 +/- 3.55 hours, with a mean blood level of 3.18 +/- 1.45 micrograms/mL 72 hours after initial therapy, and 1.52 +/- 0.81 micrograms/mL 96 hours after initial therapy. Peritoneal equilibration test (PET) scores before and after aminoglycoside administration (performed a mean of 4.6 months apart) were 0.672 +/- 0.097 and 0.705 +/- 0.092 respectively (p = 0.321). Comparative audiograms using pure-air tone conduction with frequencies from 250-12,000 Hz were done within 24 hours of aminoglycosides and again when therapy was complete (mean: 17 days). No significant changes were seen. While efficacy of bolus versus conventional-use aminoglycosides could not be definitely established, the kinetics of bolus aminoglycosides suggests that therapeutic blood levels persist for 72-96 hours and that the risk for oto/vestibular toxicity is negligible. We conclude that use of bolus i.p. aminoglycosides is safe, achieves therapeutic blood levels for extended intervals, demonstrates no clinical oto/vestibular toxicity, is cost-effective, and is a convenient strategy for patients and nursing staff.
Analysis, recognition and perception of voiceless fricative consonants in Japanese

A model is described for the spectral characteristics of voiceless fricative consonants of Japanese, based on an equivalent circuit representation of their generation mechanism. The model, together with its three simplified versions, are then evaluated from the point of view of automatic recognition as well as of synthesis of speech. For automatic recognition, spectral models that contain zeros are found to be particularly effective, and their parameters are shown to be sufficient for the complete separation of /s/- and / \int /- samples in CV and VCV utterances. On the other hand, perceptual experiments using synthetic stimuli reveal considerably smaller differences between models with spectral zeros and those without zeros.
How different feature spaces may be represented in cortical maps

This paper explores how different high-dimensional feature spaces might be represented in cortical maps, subject to continuity and completeness constraints. Spaces explored included products of circular variables (such as orientation), products of linear dimensions encoding scalar features (such as spatial frequency) and products of binary features. Maps were generated using the Kohonen algorithm, with uniform or non-uniform stimulus distributions. A 2D retina was always assumed to be present. Simulations were run with and without annealing. For uniform input distributions, coverage uniformity (Swindale 1991 Biol. Cybern. 65 415–24) was used to measure how well the map was able to represent the feature space. For non-uniform distributions a weighted measure of coverage uniformity was calculated. Good coverage could be achieved for up to five or six cyclic variables but was substantially worse for a similar number of uniformly distributed scalar features. For annealed maps of multi-dimensional stimuli with Gaussian distributions, the distribution of receptive field centres and the distribution of total activity evoked on the cortex matched the stimulus distribution well. For annealed maps of non-uniformly distributed binary features there was an approximately linear relationship between the area of a map devoted to a specific feature and the probability of occurrence of the feature during development. Deviations from uniform retinotopy often led to improved coverage.
Visual Acuity of the Preschool Child: A Review

ABSTRACT The need for visual acuity assessment in preschool children has long been recognized, yet there are no standardized visual acuity norms or screening criteria. This report reviews the literature on distance visual acuity in the preschool child. The areas of review include: (1) methods of assessment of visual acuity; (2) visual acuity norms obtained with these tests; (3) reasons for the variations in reported visual acuity norms; (4) variations in referral criteria for vision screenings; (5) testability reported for various visual acuity tests; and (6) important design principles and recommendations for preschool visual acuity tests. It is concluded that a well designed preschool visual acuity test should consist of high contrast Snellen optotypes without directional components that progress in 0.1 log steps down to a level of 6/3. To improve testability, a matching or forced choice response should be used. Of the tests that have been standardized, STYCAR (Sheridan‐Gardiner) comes closest to meeting these criteria.
Chromogranin‐a expression in gastric and colon cancer tissues

We studied the expression of chromogranin A (CgA) in human gastric (n = 17) and colorectal (n = 18) adenocarcinomas by nucleic acid hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses using a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human chromogranin A (CgA). Some corresponding adjacent nonmalignant mucosal tissues were also examined. Results: (I) Northern blotting: of 3 normal gastric mucosas examined, 2 (67%) had an easily detected signal for expression of CgA. Only one of 14 gastric carcinomas (7%) and one of 18 colorectal carcinomas (6%) had easily detected RNA signals. (2) Immunohistochemical staining: all non‐malignant samples of gastric and colonic mucosa contained CgA‐positive neuroendocrine (NE) cells. Two of 17 (12%) gastric adenocarcinomas, and 3 of 18 (17%) of colorectal adenocarcinomas contained CgA‐positive tumor cells. Interestingly, the positive cases detected by immunohistochemistry included both cases detected by Northern blotting. Of the 5 cases detected by immunohistochemistry, 2 gastric cancers and I rectal carcinoma contained many diffusely scattered positive cells, occurring singly or in small clusters, while 2 colorectal carcinomas contained only occasional single CgA‐positive tumor cells. In one of the positive gastric cases, a well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma arising in a tubular adenoma, both the adenomatous and the carcinomatous elements contained positively staining cells. Our specific assays for CgA indicate that (I) a NE cell component, either diffusely scattered or occasional, occurs in about 15% of gastric and colorectal tumors; (2) there is no correlation between the presence of NE cells and degree of tumor differentiation; and (3) because only a minority of the tumor cells in positive cases stain for CgA, immunohistochemistry is a more sensitive method than Northern blotting.