Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hantavirus infection: Insights into entry, assembly and pathogenesis

9 1 Review of the literature 11 1.1 Discovery and Classification 11 1.1.1 Discovery of hantaviruses 11 1.1.2 Classification of hantaviruses 12 1.2 Cell biology of hantaviruses 13 1.2. 1 Virion 13 1.2. 2 Entry 15 1.2. 3 RNA synthesis 19 1.2. 4 Progeny virus formation 25 1.3 Hantavirus pathogenesis 33 1.3.1 Clinical picture of hantavirus-mediated diseases 33 1.3.2 Vascular leakage 35 1.3. 3 Renal failure in NE 40 1.3. 4 Innate immunity responses 41 2 Aims of the study 44 3 Materials and methods 45 3.1 Materials 45 3.1.1 Cell cultures 45 3.1.2 Viruses 45 3.1.3 Peptide synthesis 46 3.1. 4 Peptide array synthesis 46 3.1. 5 Protein synthesis 47 3.1. 6 Nucleic acid synthesis 47 3.1. 7 Antibodies 48 3.1. 8 Reagents 48 3.2 Methods 49 3.2. 1 Immunoblotting 49 3.2. 2 Immunoprecipitation 49 3.2. 3 Pull-down assays 50 3.2. 4 Virus inactivation 50 3.2. 5 Sedimentation analysis 51 3.2. 6 Cross-linking of RNA to proteins 51 3.2. 7 Probing peptide arrays 51
Markov Model for Storm Water Pipe Deterioration

Effective management of storm water pipe networks requires an accurate assessment of the structural condition of the pipes. Indeed, the recent introduction of Australian accounting standard AAS27 compels local governments to prepare annual financial statements, including the depreciated value of their storm water network. A rational approach to assessing depreciation is to base it on structural deterioration. This study presents a Markov model for the structural deterioration of storm water pipes. The model is calibrated, using Bayesian techniques, to structural condition data from the storm water asset database of the Newcastle City Council (Australia). It is shown that the Markov model is consistent with the data. The pipe characteristics of diameter, construction material, soil type, and exposure classification were found to influence the deterioration process. It is also shown that the depreciation methods required by AAS27 significantly overestimate the structural deterioration.
Variations in elk aggregation patterns across a range of elk population sizes at Wall Creek, Montana

In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, growing concern over increasing rates of brucellosis seroprevalence in wildlife has challenged wildlife managers to develop strategies for minimizing the potential for pathogen exchange within and between wildlife populations. Recent evidence suggests that increases in elk seroprevalence may be associated with increasing elk densities and/or increasing size of elk aggregations. However, the interactions between elk population density, landscape factors, and elk aggregation patterns are not well-understood, making appropriate management responses challenging. Using a unique, long-term elk aggregation dataset collected across a wide range of elk population sizes, we investigated relationships between elk population size, landscape factors, and elk aggregation responses (group size and group density) with goals of clarifying how changes in elk population size may affect elk aggregation patterns. Overall, landscape attributes and weather had a stronger influence on elk aggregation patterns than factors such as elk population size that are within management control. We found little evidence that elk population size affected mean elk group sizes, but we did find evidence that the size and density of the largest elk aggregations increased as elk population size increased. We also found some evidence that group densities increased following the establishment of wolves. However, across the relatively wide range of elk population sizes observed in this study, only modest changes in elk group density were observed, suggesting that dramatic reductions in population sizes would be necessary to produce measureable reductions in elk group density to affect frequency-dependent transmission. Management actions designed to lower disease transmission are likely to negatively affect other objectives related to elk management and conservation. We therefore suggest that a first step in managing disease transmission risk is agreement among stakeholders interested in elk management of all objectives related to elk management, including acknowledgment that disease transmission is undesirable. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
A Comparison of Deep Learning Methods for Semantic Segmentation of Coral Reef Survey Images

Two major deep learning methods for semantic segmentation, i.e., patch-based convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches and fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) models, are studied in the context of classification of regions in underwater images of coral reef ecosystems into biologically meaningful categories. For the patch-based CNN approaches, we use image data extracted from underwater video accompanied by individual point-wise ground truth annotations. We show that patch-based CNN methods can outperform a previously proposed approach that uses support vector machine (SVM)-based classifiers in conjunction with texture-based features. We compare the results of five different CNN architectures in our formulation of patch-based CNN methods. The Resnet152 CNN architecture is observed to perform the best on our annotated dataset of underwater coral reef images. We also examine and compare the results of four different FCNN models for semantic segmentation of coral reef images. We develop a tool for fast generation of segmentation maps to serve as ground truth segmentations for our FCNN models. The FCNN architecture Deeplab v2 is observed to yield the best results for semantic segmentation of underwater coral reef images.
REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE BY USING BIOSOLID

ABSTRACT The mechanism of Methylene Blue adsorption on biosolid (waste sludge) has been studied through batch experiments. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as pH (311), biosolid dosage (1-10 g l), contact time (5-1440 min) and initial dye concentration were investigated. The results showed that the dye removal increased with increase in the initial concentration of the dye and also increased in amount of biosolid used and initial pH. Adsorption data was modeled using the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The results show that biosolid could be employed effective and low cost material for removal of dyes and colour from aqueous solution.
STUDY OF SOME ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN LIVER OF MALE INDIGENOUS TURKEY ( Meleagris gallopava )

The present study was performed to illustration some anatomical and histological characteristics of the liver of adult male local turkey. The present study was conducted on 20 turkeys divided into two groups (10 for anatomical study and 10 for histological study) mature male healthy turkey were used. The anatomical results showed that the liver of male turkey located in the right and left hepatoperitoneal cavity, it has redbrown to dark brown in color and it consisted of right and left lobes, left lobe subdivided into dorsal part and ventral part. The present study revealed that the weight of the liver was (1.89 ± 0.112)% in relation with the body weight. From the result of the histological study was noted there was no clear distinct limited between lobules in the hepatic parenchyma, the hepatocytes are usually arranged as two cell thickness between the liver sinusoids, the sinusoids lined by endothelial cellscontract with the kupffer’s cells. The portal area contained branch of portal vein, branch of hepatic artery and 2-3 inter lobar bile ducts.
Resource Wealth and the Risk of Civil War Onset: Results from a New Dataset of Natural Resource Rents, 1970—1999

The existing literature identifies natural resource wealth as a major determinant of civil war. The dominant causal link is that resources provide finance and motive (the “looting rebels” model). Others see natural resources as causing “political Dutch disease,” which in turn weakens state capacity (the “state capacity” model). In the looting rebels model, resource wealth first increases, but then decreases the risk for civil war as very large wealth enables governments to constrain rebels, whereas in the state capacity model, large resource wealth is unambiguously related to higher risk of war. This research note uses a new dataset on natural resource rents that are disaggregated as mineral and energy rents for addressing the resources-conflict relationship. We find that neither a dummy variable for major oil exporters nor our resource rents variables predict civil war onset with a 1000-battle-death threshold coded by Fearon and Laitin (2003) in the period after 1970 for which rents data are available. However, using a lower threshold of 25 battle deaths, we find that energy wealth, but not mineral wealth, increases the risk for civil war onset. We find no evidence for a nonlinear relationship between either type of resources and civil war onset. The results tentatively support theories built around state capacity models and provide evidence against the looting rebels model of civil war onset.
Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Melphalan in Albino Rabbits

Background: Intravitreal melphalan injections have been used for treating retinoblastoma with vitreous seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety margins for intravitreal melphalan, using clinical observations, electrophysiological testing and morphological observations. Methods: In this experimental study, 18 albino rabbits, were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml melphalan solution to the right, experimental eye, and were divided into 4 dose groups: 5 μg (N=4); 15 μg (N=4); 30 μg (N=5); 60 μg (N=5). The left, control eye, of each rabbit was injected with 0.1 ml saline. Clinical examination, electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were conducted at baseline and periodically throughout the 4-week follow-up. The eyes were then enucleated and the retinas were prepared for histology and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry. Results: No clinical, ERG, or histologic damage were found in rabbits treated with 5 μg melphalan. However, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected in retinal Muller cells of the experimental eyes and not in the control eyes. With all other doses of melphalan, dose-dependent funduscopic changes, ERG amplitude, histological damage and GFAP expression were found. VEP responses were similar between the experimental eyes and control eyes of all rabbits regardless of melphalan dose injected into the eye, indicating no change in retinal output. Conclusions: These findings indicate that intravitreal melphalan dose of 5 μg in rabbits, approximately equivalent to 10 μg in human, appears to be safe, but induce a mild stress to the retina. However, higher doses are toxic, and their utilization should be executed with caution, particularly if visual potential exists.
Development of Fluorescence-based LIDAR Technology for Biological Sensing

Results of our on-going development of biological warfare agents (BWA) detection systems based on spectral detection of ultraviolet (UV) laser induced fluorescence (LIF) are presented. A compact optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with intracavity sum-frequency mixing (SFM) to generate 293 nm UV laser irradiation was developed. The OPO/SFM device was pumped by a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), including subsequent second-harmonic generation (SHG) in an external periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal. The laser generated 1.8 ns pulses at 100 Hz with an average power of 44 mW at 532 nm. The whole system could be used to deliver approximately 30 µJ laser irradiation per pulse (100 Hz) at 293 nm. The spectral detection part of the system consists of a grating and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) array with 32 channels, which can measure fluorescence spectra in the wavelength band from 250 nm to 800 nm. The detector system was designed along with a trigger laser to enable measurement of fluorescence spectra from an individual aerosol particle of simulants for BWA upon excitation with a single nanosecond laser pulse. We demonstrate the successful detection and spectral characterization of simulants for BWA, i.e., Bacillus atrophaeus (BG), Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), and Ovalbumin (OA).
Social Media in IS literature : exploring an avenue of Research

The phenomenon of ‘digital living’ is to a high extent influenced by the introduction of new media into society. Especially, social media are affecting the digital world of today and are setting the agenda for social connectedness in private, public and commercial networks. Based in an initial desire to explore a research agenda for the workings of social media in network structures a look into the literature on social media within the field of Information Systems sparked an interest in exploring a new research perspective for social media. Reviewing the IS literature it is apparent that the perspective of the ‘media’ as an artifact of social media has been neglected in existing literature. Based in this, this paper proposes research possibilities for investigating the ‘media’ of social media as well as some theoretical considerations that could aid the investigation. Finally, potential outcomes of pursuing the possible research area are outlined.
Holocene turbidites record earthquake supercycles at a slow-rate plate boundary

Ongoing evidence for earthquake clustering calls for records of numerous earthquake cycles to improve seismic hazard assessment, especially where recurrence times overstep historical records. We show that most turbidites emplaced at the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary off west Algeria over the past ∼8 k.y. correlate across sites fed by independent sedimentary sources, requiring a regional trigger. Correlation with paleoseismic data inland and ground motion predictions support that M ∼7 earthquakes have triggered the turbidites. The bimodal distribution of paleo-events supports the concepts of earthquake supercycles and rupture synchronization between nearby faults: 13 paleo-earthquakes underpin clusters of 3–6 events with recurrence intervals of ∼300–600 yr, separated by periods of quiescence of ∼1.6 k.y. without major events on other faults over the study area. This implies broad phases of strain loading alternating with phases of strain release. Our results suggest that fault slip rates are time dependent and call for revising conventional seismic hazard models.
Unmet needs and maladaptive modes: A new way to approach longer-term problems.

Flanagan (2010) proposed an approach to longer-term problems that targets core psychological needs. Unmet needs were causally linked to early maladaptive schemas and faulty modes of coping. Here a novel approach to the treatment of maladaptive modes is described. It begins with a matrix of 8 modes, as they occur in healthy individuals. These distinct patterns are claimed to represent a basic inventory of coping strategies that equip individuals to adapt and satisfy ongoing needs. A matrix of the same modes is then introduced as they occur maladaptively. This matrix specifies components of the different modes, potentially facilitating interventions that address both mode structure and content, and is illustrated in a case study. I also examine the concept of mode as used in schema therapy, and acknowledge similar constructs in other schools of psychotherapy.
Histology of somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica L.

The objective of this study was to characterize the histodifferentiation of somatic embryogenesis obtained from leaf explants of C. arabica. Therefore, we histologically analyzed the respective stages of the process: leaf segments at 0, 4, 7, 15 and 30 days of cultivation, Type 1 primary calli (primary calli with embryogenic competence) and 2 (primary calli with no embryogenic competence), embryogenic calli, globular, torpedo and cotyledonary embryos, and mature zygotic embryos. Callus formation occurred after seven days of culture, with successive divisions of procambium cell. In this cultivation phase, it was found that Type 1 primary calli are basically formed by parenchymal cells with reduced intercellular spacing, whereas Type 2 primary calli are predominantly composed of parenchymal cells with ample intercellular spaces and embryogenic calli composed entirely of meristematic cells. After 330 days, it was evident from the differentiation of somatic embryogenesis that there was formation of globular somatic embryos, consisting of a characteristic protoderm surrounding the fundamental meristem. With the maturation of these propagules after 360 days, torpedo-stage somatic embryos arose, in which tissue polarization and early differentiation of procambial strands were verified. After 390 days, cotyledonary somatic embryos were obtained, where the onset of vessel elements differentiation was verified, a characteristic also observed in mature zygotic embryos. We concluded that somatic embryogenesis obtained from C. arabica leaves initiates from procambium cell divisions that, in the course of cultivation, produce mature somatic embryos suitable for regenerating whole plants.
Parasitoids and fungal pathogens of Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) from Bulgaria

The lime leaf miner, Phyllonorycter issikii, is a moth species native to East Asia, which recently invaded considerable part of Europe. A study on the natural enemies of this invasive species was conducted in Bulgaria. Tilia cordata leaves infested with the lime leaf miner were collected in 2015 and 2016 in two public parks in Sofia. A total of eleven eulophid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) belonging to three subfamilies - Entedoninae, Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae, and one braconid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were recorded. In addition, one unidentified ichneumonid species was reared. Minotetrastichus platanellus was the most abundant species in the samples comprising 76.88% of the parasitoids reared from collected immature and pupal stages of Ph. issikii. It is followed by Sympiesis gordius (6.53%) and S. sericeicornis (6.03%). Three new host-parasitoid associations were established. The entomopathogenic fungi Beuveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales) were isolated for the first time from cadavers of Ph. issikii larvae and pupae. Based on the presented observation we hypothesized that the lime leaf miner can produce three generations in Bulgaria.
Joint Representation Learning of Cross-lingual Words and Entities via Attentive Distant Supervision

Jointly representation learning of words and entities benefits many NLP tasks, but has not been well explored in cross-lingual settings. In this paper, we propose a novel method for joint representation learning of cross-lingual words and entities. It captures mutually complementary knowledge, and enables cross-lingual inferences among knowledge bases and texts. Our method does not require parallel corpus, and automatically generates comparable data via distant supervision using multi-lingual knowledge bases. We utilize two types of regularizers to align cross-lingual words and entities, and design knowledge attention and cross-lingual attention to further reduce noises. We conducted a series of experiments on three tasks: word translation, entity relatedness, and cross-lingual entity linking. The results, both qualitative and quantitative, demonstrate the significance of our method.
An Ultra-High Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable Processor for Deep Neural Networks with Binary/Ternary Weights in 28NM CMOS

An energy efficient reconfigurable processor for deep neural networks with binary/ternary weights and 1/2/4/8/16-bit activations is implemented in 28nm technology. Three technologies, Total- Partial- Pixel-Summation (TPPS), Kernel-Transformation-Data-Reconstruction (KTDR) and Hybrid Load-Balancing Mechanism (HLBM), are employed to improve energy efficiency. Measurement results show that the energy efficiency of at most 95.8 TOPS/w for BWN, and 95.1 TOPS/W for TWN and 765.6 TOPS/w for BNN is achieved, and it shows 6.6x higher over state-of-the-art works.
Secure and Time-sensitive Communication for Remote Process Control and Monitoring

The dissolving of the automation pyramid in the course of the fourth industrial revolution will impact the design of industrial networks. Especially processing components which nowadays are residing on a machine can be potentially located remotely in the factory IT or even beyond. In order to fulfill the still existing requirements of industrial automation processes, the network especially the infrastructure devices like switches and routers must be enhanced by new technologies granting real-time capability. Furthermore, the network has to meet Industry 4.0 demands regarding security as well as more flexibility like auto-configuration or seamless reconfiguration. A solution concept to establish secure and time-sensitive communication for remote process control and monitoring as well as first implementation steps are proposed. The concept and implementation include current technologies like Time-Sensitive Networking and deterministic networking in combination with Software-defined Networking. This grants flexibility regarding the configuration of time-sensitive industrial networks and adds possibilities to secure them.
Cyberbullying Detection on Instagram with Optimal Online Feature Selection

Cyberbullying has emerged as a large-scale societal problem that demands accurate methods for its detection in an effort to mitigate its detrimental consequences. While automated, data-driven techniques for analyzing and detecting cyberbullying incidents have been developed, the scalability of existing approaches has largely been ignored. At the same time, the complexities underlying cyberbullying behavior (e.g., social context and changing language) make the automatic identification of “the best subset of features” to use challenging. We address this gap by formulating cyberbullying detection as a sequential hypothesis testing problem. Based on this formulation, we propose a novel algorithm to drastically reduce the number of features used in classification. We demonstrate the utility, scalability and responsiveness of our approach using a real-world dataset from Instagram, the online social media platform with the highest percentage of users reporting experiencing cyberbullying. Our approach improves recall by a staggering 700%, while at the same time reducing the average number of features by up to 99.82% compared to state-of-the-art supervised cyberbullying detection methods, learning approaches that require weak supervision, and traditional offline feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques.
EI24 Suppresses Tumorigenesis in Pancreatic Cancer via Regulating c-Myc

The EI24 autophagy-associated transmembrane protein is frequently associated with tumor growth and patient survival. In the present study, we found that EI24 was downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and was associated with cancer cell differentiation. Overexpression of EI24 suppressed cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and induced cell cycle S phase arrest, with no impact on caspase-dependent apoptosis. EI24 overexpression also resulted in reduced c-Myc expression, an oncogene in PDAC, accompanied with increased LC3B-II formation, increased Beclin-1, and diminished p62. Together, we propose that EI24 suppresses cell proliferation and prompts cell cycle arrest in pancreatic cancer cells by activating the autophagic lysosomal degradation of c-Myc. Our results suggest a potential mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of EI24 in PDAC and provide insight into the crosstalk between autophagy and cell proliferation involving a possible EI24/Beclin-1/p62/c-Myc signaling pathway.