Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of spatial heterogeneity of runoff generation mechanisms on the scaling behavior of event runoff responses in a natural river basin

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the effects of spatial heterogeneity of runoff generation on the scaling behavior of runoff timing responses. A previous modeling study on the Illinois River Basin in Oklahoma had revealed a systematic spatial trend in the relative dominance of different runoff generation mechanisms, attributable to corresponding systematic trends in landscape properties. Considering the differences in the timing of hillslope responses between the different runoff mechanisms, this paper explores their impacts on the catchment‐scale runoff routing responses, including how they change with spatial scale. For this purpose we utilize a distributed, physically based hydrological model, with a fully hydraulic stream network routing component. The model is used to generate instantaneous response functions (IRF) for nested catchments of a range of sizes along the river network and quantitative measures of their shape, e.g., peak and time to peak. In order to separate the effects of soil heterogeneity from those due to basin geomorphology, the model simulations are carried out for three hypothetical cases that make assumptions regarding landscape properties (uniform, a systematic trend, and heterogeneity plus the trend), repeating these simulations under wet and dry antecedent conditions. The simulations produced expected and also surprising results. The power law relationship between the peak of the IRF and drainage area is shown to be flatter under wet conditions than under dry conditions, even though the (faster) saturation excess mechanism is more dominant under wet conditions. This result appears to be caused by partial area runoff generation: under wet conditions, the fraction of saturation area is about 30%, while under dry conditions it is less than 10% for the same input of rainfall. This means travel times associated with overland flow (which mostly contributes to the peak and time to peak) are, in fact, longer during wet conditions than during dry conditions. The power law relationship between peak and drainage area also exhibits a scaling break at around 1000 km2, which can be shown to be related to the peculiar geomorphology of the catchment.
GPS studies of active deformation in the Pyrenees

SUMMARY The Pyrenees mountain belt, which separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of the European continent, is part of the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt, formed as a result of a collision between the African and Eurasian Plates. Although the instrumental seismicity in the Pyrenees is moderate, in the past centuries a number of destructive earthquakes have occurred, which could indicate continuing tectonic activity of the area. We analyse GPS observations spanning 3.5 yr from 35 continuous stations in the Pyrenees region and find significant on-going extension perpendicular to the range at 2.5 ± 0.5 nstrain yr–1, with the possibility of higher strain rates concentrated in the westernmost part of the range. This finding is in agreement with the predominantly normal faulting focal mechanisms of earthquakes that occur in the area and suggests a recurrence time for magnitude 6.5 earthquakes of 2200–2500 yr.
Graphic Assessment Management (Gam) In Teaching Tasawwur Islam And Its Relationship With Students Achievement In Malaysia Secondary School

The main objective of this study is to examine the usefulness of the GAM technique as one of the alternatives of teaching in secondary school in Malaysia. The purpose of GAM technique is to help students and teachers increase their interest and perception towards teaching and learning Tasawwur Islam. Data was gathered quantitatively from Form 4 students in one selected secondary school in Selangor and the data was analysed using Independent T-Test, Paired sample T-Tests, and ANOVA. The finding indicated that most of the students showed positive interest and perception on Tasawwur Islam. There was a statistically significant increase in the Tasawwur Islam score after using GAM in teaching. However, the result indicated no statistically significant difference between male and female students’ perception on the effectiveness of using GAM in teaching Tasawwur Islam. Lastly, the findings showed that the difference in the mean scores between groups was statistically significant.
Efficient Analysis of Rectangular-Shape Metamaterials Using P-CBFM/P-FFT Method

In this paper, we introduce an efficient algorithm to analyze metamaterials (MTM), which can be finite periodic structures with tight coupling between nearby cells. Firstly, the algorithm, based on method of moments (MoM), uses hybrid volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) to analyze composite dielectric-conductor objects, then, the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and precorrected-fast Fourier transform (p-FFT) algorithm are combined to accelerate the calculation of equations, based on which, metamaterials composed of connected periodic cells can be analyzed efficiently.
REAL-SPACE QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES IN MAGNETIC FIELDS

In this thesis, electron transport in two dimensions with perpendicular magnetic field is studied in three different nanodevices. The devices of interest are quantum rings, Fabry-Perót interferometers in the integer quantum Hall regime, and a stadium-shaped quantum dot. The method used in this thesis combines time-dependent dynamics, realistic modeling of the sample geometry, and the electron-electron interactions. The combination forms a more realistic numerical simulation for the magnetoconductance than what has been previously achieved. Understanding interference effects and the related phenomena might be useful in designing future computer architectures, for example. Electron dynamics is examined by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation numerically in a real-space grid and, in the presence of electron-electron interactions, with the use of time-dependent density-functional theory. The simulations are carried out with the OCTOPUS code that allows the construction of arbitrary model potentials for experimental nanostructures. The first study is the time-dependent discharge simulation of a quantum ring. We find clear Aharonov-Bohm oscillations with a single transport loop but also oscillations that arise from multiple transport loops. The effect of electronelectron interactions in Aharonov-Bohm oscillation is relatively weak, but the oscillation visibility strongly depends on the ring width. Our results suggest that the current flows through thin conduction channels and is dominated by only a few electrons when the Aharonov-Bohm oscillation is successfully measured. The second study examines transport characteristics of a realistic quantum Hall-based Aharonov-Bohm interferometer. First, the electron density is solved self-consistently for the given experimental structure. The resulting electron density is used to determine the distribution of the current-carrying incompressible strips which are used as a base for the transport model. The transport simulations show clear Aharonov-Bohm oscillations whose amplitude has an optimal value when the distance between the channels and the channel width are chosen suitably. The electron-electron interactions do not suppress the visibility of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, but induce a channel separation dependent phase shift. Our results indicate that Aharonov-Bohm interferometers can, in principle, be used as a controllable current switches.
ISSN: 2249-0353 Original Article Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley. Properties of Seed Oils and Variability in Fatty Acids Composition of Ten Cultivars.

The physicochemical properties and fatty acids compositional patterns of seed oils corresponding to ten cultivars of L. siceraria were determined in this study. The oils yield ranged from 38.13-43.65%. The results for specific gravity (25oC), refractive index (nD 25oC), iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (% as oleic acid) and unsaponifiable matter were 0.92-0.97 g/cm 3 , 1.34-1.45, 119.5-129.6 mgI2/g of oil, 197.75-244.2 mgKOH/g, 2.10-3.51mgKOH/g, 1.27-3.17 mequiv.O2/Kg, 1.4-2.9% and 1.07-2.89% respectively. The properties of the oils varied significantly among the cultivars tested. The seed oils contained four main fatty acids: palmitic acid (8.71413.846%), stearic acid (7.677-9.274%), oleic acid (9.163-11.126%) and linoleic acid (66.544-71.665%). Low linolenic acid level were also observed (<1%) with 77.632-83.203% total unsaturated fatty acids in oils. The fatty acid profile may provide some clue on the chemotaxonomic relationships in the taxa. The study also showed potential for L. siceraria seed oils to have relatively high oxidative stability that would be suitable for food and industrial applications. © 2013 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Dynamics of nutrients, total organic carbon, prokaryotes and viruses in onboard incubations of cold-water corals

Abstract. The potential influence of the cold-water corals (CWCs) Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata on the dynamics of inorganic nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and the abundances of prokaryotes and viruses in bottom water was assessed in onboard incubation experiments. Ammonium, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and TOC concentrations and N:P ratios were typically higher in incubation water with corals than in controls, whereas nitrate concentrations did not reveal a clear trend. Mucus release (normalized to coral surface) was estimated by the net increase rate of TOC concentrations and averaged 23 ± 6 mg C m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 21 ± 8 mg C m−2 h−1 for M. oculata. Prokaryotic and viral abundance and turnover rates were typically stimulated in incubation water with corals. This estimated prokaryotic stimulation averaged 6.0 ± 3.0 × 109 cells m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 8.4 ± 2.9 × 109 cells m−2 h−1 for M. oculata, whereas the estimated viral stimulation averaged 15.6 ± 12.7 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 4.3 ± 0.4 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 M. oculata. Our data suggest that prokaryotes and viruses are released from corals and that nutrient and mucus release enhanced prokaryotic and viral production. The result of this stimulation could be a fuelling of bottom water in CWC reefs with nutrients and organic matter and consequently an enhancement of microbe-mediated processes.
The Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Anomie on Illegal Behavior

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), feeling of anomie, and law-breaking behavior or illegality. A sample of 480 students has been randomly selected from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in Iran. The results revealed that SES had significant negative correlation with anomie and non-significant correlation with illegality. Anomie had positive correlation with illegal behavior and the fetishism of money dimension had the greatest effect on illegality. The result is discussed with regard to the socio-cultural sphere of Iran as well as with regard to the previous anomie theories including Merton, and Messner and Rosenfeld theories.
Depression in a Group of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Attending Heamodialysis Unit in Teaching Hospital in Baghdad

Background Depression is the most common psychopathological condition among patients with chronic renal disease yet it is still under recognized and underestimated. Depression adversely affects the already disturbed quality of life of patients with chronic renal disease. Objectives To determine the rate of depression in a sample of chronic renal failure patients attending haemodialysis unit in teaching hospital in Baghdad and examine the sociodemographic variables of such patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study done at Al-Kadhmyia Teaching Hospital, during a period of 2 months from 4 th of January 2009 to 4 th of March 2009. The total of 50 random cases with chronic renal failure coming for haemodialysis were interviewed by semi structured schedule for psychiatric diagnosis. Results were reviewed by simple descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Results The rate of depression in this sample of patients with chronic renal failure was 40%. There was no statistically significant relation between any of the demographic variables and depression. Conclusion The rate of depression in this study is high. Results were compared with other studies in light of circumstances of this study.
A review of the Eocene rodents of Pakistan

-New specimens of rodents from Eocene localities of Pakistan (NW Frontier Province and Azad Kashmir) are described and compared to previous records from the Ganda Kas area. A total of nine species are recognized in collections made to date from the Eocene of Pakistan. All of these species belong to the family Ctenodactylidae. The most common lineages are known only from the Indian subcontinent; these include Birbalomys (with subgenus Basalomys n. subgen.), and Chapattimys. The new genus Gumbatornys could be related to younger Central Asiatic Karakorornys. A Petrokoslovia-like lineage is also present but rare (Petrokoslovia is a genus previously described from Mongolia). Conclusions about the biochronology of localities on the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent are necessarily tentative: all localities appear to be similar in age, but Kalakot and Mekta in India may be more recent than Ganda Kas and Chorlakki in Pakistan. The early history of this Asiatic group indicates that ctenodactylids had a Central Asiatic and Indo-Pakistan distribution by early Eocene times. No clear relationships of Eocene ctenodactylids to modern groups of Rodentia can be established.
Effects of nonlinear rheology, temperature and anisotropy on the relationship between age and depth at ice divides

Ice flow in divide areas is strongly anisotropic. The evolution of ice fabric, from the onset of divide flow towards steady state with a fully developed fabric, has been shown to profoundly affect both the stratigraphy and surface topography of ice divides. Here, we investigate the effects of ice flow on the age-versus-depth relationship at ice divides by using a full Stokes thermomechanical model with a non-linear anisotropic constitutive relation between stress and strain rates. We compare our results with analytical approximations commonly employed in age–depth predictions, such as the Dansgaard and Lliboutry approximations. We show that these approximations systematically underestimate the age of ice at fully developed divides by as much as one order of magnitude. We also show that divides with fully developed fabric are ideal locations for ice-core extraction because ice under them can be up to one order of magnitude older than ice at the same depth at the flanks. In addition, these divides have a distinctive morphological structure that allows them to be clearly identified from satellite imagery or ground-penetrating radar data.
Reliability and validity of the Female Sexual Function Index administered via telephone in Brazilian women

Background: Women’s sexuality is influenced by anatomical, physiological, psychological and cultural factors. It is likely that questionnaires comprehensively evaluate women´s sexual aspects. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is considered a gold standard instrument to assess female sexual function. The validation of the administration of this questionnaire via telephone has a high research and clinical importance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the FSFI administered via telephone in Brazilian women. Methods: 51 women answered the FSFI by telephone and paper with an interval of one week between both administrations. After two weeks of the application via telephone (test), the questionnaire was administered again, also via telephone (retest), to verify the reliability. the Spearman’s rank correlation index was used to estimate the relationship between FSFI-phone and FSFI-paper. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the FSFI-phone reliability (test-retest). Results: The Spearman’s rank test showed a high correlation between the total scores of the FSFI-phone and FSFI-paper with value of 0.96. Correlations between the questions and domains were conducted in pairs, which reached levels higher than 0.70. The ICC values were even higher (ICC> 0.90). Conclusions: These preliminary results, showed that the FSFI questionnaire administered via telephone is a valid, reliable and responsive method that facilitates quality assurance and can potentially reduce human resource costs in data acquisition. The use of FSFI administered via telephone addresses a logistic need for patient and physician, by providing fast and safe information convenient to both patient and practitioner.
CFD Modeling of a Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Complex Terrain

As wind energy production continues to grow the most optimal areas for wind energy generation have quickly been utilised. As wind farms are more frequently placed in less optimal areas, the need for methods to accurately site these areas becomes paramount. One such method is to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of the atmospheric boundary layer to predict the flow structures above sites which are located in complex terrain. This study investigates the use of Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) as well as Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to quantify the effects of flow over complex terrain. The simulated wind fields are used in combination with an aero-elastic solver to assess the dynamic response of a wind turbine. It is found that the protective properties of boundary layers in DES is such that it makes it inconvenient for generating a fluctuating wind field since it dampens out fluctuations in altitudes occupied by wind turbines. LES is found to replicate well the predicted turbulence as well as time-averaged velocity profiles even though no rough wall treatment is used. However, discrepancies are found when investigating the Reynolds stresses that result from a combination of a too short sampling time and symmetric boundary conditions. Albeit these discrepancies the wind fields generated through LES are used with an aero-elastic solver to simulate the dynamic response of a "NREL 5-MW Baseline Wind Turbine". The results show that the wind turbine located in complex terrain is subject to more fatigue than if it is placed on flat terrain. The identified load cycles are however relatively few and so the simulation time should be increased to get a better statistical representation. Due to the discrepancies resulting from symmetric boundaries and short sampling time the effect of complex terrain is not quantified with any certainty. However, LES in the absence of complex wall functions is proven useful as a tool to assess wind fields over complex terrain. Further investigation is necessary where it is recommended that boundaries be assigned differently and longer sampling times be used.
Derivatives Use and Risk Taking: Evidence from the Hedge Fund Industry

Abstract This paper examines the use of derivatives and its relation with risk taking in the hedge fund industry. In a large sample of hedge funds, 71% of the funds trade derivatives. After controlling for fund strategies and characteristics, derivatives users on average exhibit lower fund risks (e.g., market risk, downside risk, and event risk), such risk reduction is especially pronounced for directional-style funds. Further, derivatives users engage less in risk shifting and are less likely to liquidate in a poor market state. However, the flow-performance relation suggests that investors do not differentiate derivatives users when making investing decisions.
Electrifying Rural Guatemala: Central Policy and Rural Reality

Towards the end of the 20th century Guatemala embarked on an ambitious rural electrification plan: central planners in the Ministry of Energy and Mines hope to connect 90% of homes to the national electricity grid by 2004. Energy for the increased demand comes from floating power plants anchored in Guatemala's Pacific port, a new coal-fired power plant, and numerous small-scale hydroelectric plants. So far, rural electrification, in terms of connected households, has proceeded to plan. However, the success of the rural electrification program belies energy realities and the development needs of rural Guatemala. Data from in-depth interviews and household surveys in Ixcán, Guatemala, show that rural residents prefer other forms of development—like the introduction of potable water, or improved schooling. Electricity, farmers state, only provides rural families with a few hours of light at night because they cannot afford to pay for appliances or for increased consumption of electricity. Fieldwork in rural areas also reveals that the introduction of electricity will not change patterns of firewood consumption; firewood is the basic survival fuel for most rural Guatemalans. Development funds may be better spent on locally run and organized forestry initiatives to ensure reliable sources of firewood for the future.
The Relationship Between EFL Students’ Word-Knowledge in a Text and Their Reading Comprehension as Demonstrated by Saudi University Students

This study reports the outcomes of research investigating the relationship between two variables; percentage of word knowledge in an academic English text and reading comprehension scores the participants got for the same text. The study was conducted at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Preparatory Year Deanship, during the first semester of 2017-2018. Seventy-one Saudi male students participated in the study. They came from four groups of students selected from the Preparatory Year population to represent four various levels of English (Groups one, seven, fourteen and seventeen) based on their achievement in the placement test. Data was collected using two instruments: two word—meaning association test-lists and a reading comprehension test. The results showed that there is a statistically significant correlation (r=.702) between percentage of known words and reading comprehension in general i.e., for all the participants. The effect of word knowledge on reading comprehension was very high R square =. 49. However, results for the groups separately showed that correlation was positive but not statistically significant for the higher levels i.e., groups one and seven. Also, there was a low effect of word knowledge on comprehension. For the lower levels i.e., groups 14 and 17, the correlation was positive and statistically significant. Results also showed a very high effect of vocabulary knowledge on reading comprehension.Based on the results and analysis of the study, the researchers provided recommendations that will help improve reading curriculum selection and English teaching practices, and suggestions for deeper research into the topic that will include female students and other related concepts.
Analysing Determinants of Match Attendance in the European Rugby Cup

The economic literature on professional sports leagues suggests supporters’ utility depends on uncertainty of outcome (competitive balance) and the quality of play. Unlike soccer, where the Champions League is dominated by teams from larger countries, our analysis indicates that the ERC exhibits high degrees of both dynamic and inter-league competitive balance. Using data from 1,096 matches played over 17 seasons, we analyse match attendances in the pool stages of the European Rugby Cup (ERC), a competition that involves teams from the three main European rugby leagues. The results indicate that the quality of the home team is the main determinant of match attendances, although a strong visiting team also raises attendances. Medium-term (seasonal) uncertainty, which has received less attention in the literature, appears far more important than short-run (match) uncertainty. Measures designed to make matches more attractive, e.g. bonus points for high scoring, appear to have had little effect on attendances.