Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery on Respiratory Function in the Early Postoperative Period

Background: Respiratory complications are common after cardiac surgery and the use of extracorporeal circulation is one of the main causes of lung injury. We hypothesized a better postoperative respiratory function in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) as compared with “on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting” (ONCABG). Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center study at a cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary university hospital. Consecutive data on 339 patients undergoing elective CABG (n = 215 ONCABG, n = 124 OPCABG) were collected for 1 year from the ICU electronic medical records. We compared respiratory variables (Pao 2, Pao 2/Fio 2 ratio, Sao 2, and Paco 2) at 7 predefined time points (ICU admission, postoperative hours 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24). We also evaluated time to extubation, rates of reintubation, and use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). We used mixed-effects linear regression models (with time as random effect for clustering of repeated measures) adjusted for a predetermined set of covariates. Results: The values of Pao 2 and Pao 2/Fio 2 were significantly higher in the OPCABG group only at ICU admission (mean differences: 9.7 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-16.2; and 27, 95% CI 6.1-47.7, respectively). The OPCABG group showed higher Paco 2, overall (P = .02) and at ICU admission (mean difference 1.8 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.6-3), although mean values were always within normal range in both groups. No differences were seen in Sao 2 values, time to extubation, rate of reintubation rate, and use of postoperative NIV. Extubation rate was higher in OPCABG only at postoperative hour 12 (92% vs ONCABG 82%, P = .02). Conclusion: The OPCABG showed only marginal improvements of unlikely clinical meaning in oxygenation as compared to ONCABG in elective low-risk patients.
Consumer Phase Shift Simulation Based on Social Psychology and Complex Networks

We have developed the methods for estimating how a new product or a new service will be accepted in contemporary society, considering the effects of word-of-mouth recommendations. These methods are based on a consumer phase shift modeling framework that consists of a consumer agent model and a social network model. Consumer agents, which are classified into four types and six phases, exchange information with each other on a social network. Model parameters were acquired by surveys regarding several new services. These surveys were designed using the snowball sampling technique. We also developed a network generation procedure, applying the idea of complex networks. The multi-agent simulation results proved the feasibility of this framework.
Effect of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency at Admission on Shock Reversal in Children With Septic Shock: A Prospective Observational Study

Objectives: To evaluate the association of severe vitamin D deficiency with clinically important outcomes in children with septic shock. Methods: We enrolled children ≤17 years with septic shock prospectively over a period of 6 months. We estimated 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels at admission and 72 hours. Severe deficiency was defined as serum 25 (OH) <10 ng/mL. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate association with clinically important outcomes. Results: Forty-three children were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 72% and 69% at admission and 72 hours, respectively. On univariate analysis, severe vitamin D deficiency at admission was associated with lower rates of shock reversal, 74% (23) versus 25% (3); relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]): 2.9 (1.09-8.08), at 24 hours and greater need for fluid boluses (75 vs 59 mL/kg). On multivariate analysis, nonresolution of shock at 24 hours was significantly associated with severe vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for other key baseline and clinical variables, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI): 12 (2.01-87.01); 0.01. Conclusion: The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency is high in children with septic shock admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Severe vitamin D deficiency at admission seems to be associated with lower rates of shock reversal at 24 hours of ICU stay. Our study provides preliminary data for planning interventional studies in children with septic shock and severe vitamin D deficiency.
A local clue to the reionization of the universe

Identifying the population of galaxies that was responsible for the reionization of the universe is a long-standing quest in astronomy. We present a possible local analog that has an escape fraction of ionizing flux of 21%. Our detection confirms the existence of gaps in the neutral gas enveloping the starburst region. The candidate contains a massive yet highly compact star-forming region. The gaps are most likely created by the unusually strong winds and intense ionizing radiation produced by this extreme object. Our study also validates the indirect technique of using the residual flux in saturated low-ionization interstellar absorption lines for identifying such leaky galaxies. Because direct detection of ionizing flux is impossible at the epoch of reionization, this represents a highly valuable technique for future studies. A compact starburst galaxy is identified as an analog to those that reionized the early universe with energetic starlight. A light leak to transform the universe After the universe had cooled into an expanse of neutral gas after the Big Bang, how did the first starlight emerge from the dark? Borthakur et al. found a local starburst galaxy that leaks continuum radiation, which may provide some clues. Wind-generated gaps in the neutral gas enable large fractions of ionizing radiation to escape, possibly mimicking processes in the early universe. Science, this issue p. 216
Determination of Imminent Brain Death Using the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Score and the Glasgow Coma Scale: A Prospective, Multicenter, Pilot Feasibility Study

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the imminent brain death (IBD) diagnosis in predicting brain death (BD) by daily assessment of the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with the assessment of brain stem reflexes. Materials and Methods: Prospective multicenter pilot study carried out in 5 adult Italian intensive care units (ICUs). Imminent brain death was established when the FOUR score was 0 (IBD-FOUR) or the GCS score was 3 and at least 3 among pupillary light, corneal, pharyngeal, carinal, oculovestibular, and trigeminal reflexes were absent (IBD-GCS). Results: A total of 219 neurologic evaluations were performed in 40 patients with deep coma at ICU admission (median GCS 3). Twenty-six had a diagnosis of IBD-FOUR, 27 of IBD-GCS, 14 were declared BD, and 9 were organ donors. The mean interval between IBD diagnosis and BD was 1.7 days (standard deviation [SD] 2.0 days) using IBD-FOUR and 2.0 days (SD 1.96 days) using IBD-GCS. Both FOUR and GCS had 100% sensitivity and low specificity (FOUR: 53.8%; GCS: 50.0%) in predicting BD. Conclusions: Daily IBD evaluation in the ICU is feasible using FOUR and GCS with the assessment of brain stem reflexes. Both scales had 100% sensitivity in predicting IBD, but FOUR may be preferable since it incorporates the pupillary, corneal, and cough reflexes and spontaneous breathing that are easily assessed in the ICU.
Resident memory CD8 T cells trigger protective innate and adaptive immune responses

Resident memory T cells sound the alarm Immunological memory protects against reinfection. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are long-lived and remain in the tissues where they first encountered a pathogen (see the Perspective by Carbone and Gebhardt). Schenkel et al. and Ariotti et al. found that CD8+ TRM cells act like first responders in the female reproductive tissue or the skin of mice upon antigen reencounter. By secreting inflammatory proteins, TRM cells rapidly activated local immune cells to respond, so much so that they protected against infection with an unrelated pathogen. Iijima and Iwasaki found that CD4+ TRM cells protected mice against reinfection with intravaginal herpes simplex virus 2. Science, this issue p. 98, p. 101, p. 93; see also p. 40 Resident memory CD8+ T cells orchestrate a broad immune response in response to reinfection. [Also see Perspective by Carbone and Gebhardt] The pathogen recognition theory dictates that, upon viral infection, the innate immune system first detects microbial products and then responds by providing instructions to adaptive CD8 T cells. Here, we show in mice that tissue resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM cells), non-recirculating cells located at common sites of infection, can achieve near-sterilizing immunity against viral infections by reversing this flow of information. Upon antigen resensitization within the mouse female reproductive mucosae, CD8+ TRM cells secrete cytokines that trigger rapid adaptive and innate immune responses, including local humoral responses, maturation of local dendritic cells, and activation of natural killer cells. This provided near-sterilizing immunity against an antigenically unrelated viral infection. Thus, CD8+ TRM cells rapidly trigger an antiviral state by amplifying receptor-derived signals from previously encountered pathogens.
Respiratory Complications Before and After Liver Transplant

Respiratory complications before and after liver transplant are common, diverse, and potentially have a negative impact on patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the most frequent respiratory conditions that patients may develop in the perioperative period. Their prevention and/or treatment may help to maximize the benefit these patients may derive from liver transplant. This review examines diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these complications for hepatologists, surgeons, and critical care physicians.
A review of the disorders of the temperomandibular joint

Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases and disorders refer to a complex and poorly understood set of conditions, manifested by pain in the area of the jaw and associated muscles, and limitations in the ability to make the normal movements of speech, facial expression, eating, chewing, and swallowing. It has been estimated that 25% of the general population suffer from TMJ related symptoms and only 2% of them seek treatment. General joint and muscle diseases, psychological and psychosocial factors, and local influences such as occlusal disturbances, parafunctional activities, that is, bruxism, and traumas, can affect the condition of the TMJ. This article describes the functional anatomy, classification, aetiopathology, and management of this condition in detail.
All-optical routing of single photons by a one-atom switch controlled by a single photon

Routing one photon with a few others Single particles of light, photons, are ideal carriers of quantum information because they can travel far and fast and don't interact much with each other. However, this behavior has hampered attempts to control the propagation of single photons using all-optical setups. Shomroni et al. coupled a trapped atom to an optic fiber. That allowed them to control the polarization and propagation direction of a single photon in the fiber by controlling the atom's state (see the Perspective by Rempe). Because a faint pulse containing between 1.5 and 3 photons can switch the atom's state, the scheme provides a route to develop all-optical quantum networks. Science, this issue p. 903; see also p. 871 An all-optical scheme for routing single photons by single photons is demonstrated. [Also see Perspective by Rempe] The prospect of quantum networks, in which quantum information is carried by single photons in photonic circuits, has long been the driving force behind the effort to achieve all-optical routing of single photons. We realized a single-photon–activated switch capable of routing a photon from any of its two inputs to any of its two outputs. Our device is based on a single atom coupled to a fiber-coupled, chip-based microresonator. A single reflected control photon toggles the switch from high reflection (R ~ 65%) to high transmission (T ~ 90%), with an average of ~1.5 control photons per switching event (~3, including linear losses). No additional control fields are required. The control and target photons are both in-fiber and practically identical, making this scheme compatible with scalable architectures for quantum information processing.
for Data-in-Use and Data-at -Rest in a Cloud-Based Database-as-a-Service

—With high and growing supply of Database-as-a-Service solutions from cloud platform vendors, many enterprises still show moderate to low demand for them. Even though migration to a DaaS solution might result in a sig-niﬁcantly reduced bill for IT maintenance, data security and privacy issues are among the reasons of low popularity of these services. Such a migration is also often only justiﬁed if it could be done seamlessly, with as few changes to the system as possible. Transparent Data Encryption could help, but solutions for TDE shipped with major database systems are limited to securing only data-at-rest, and appear to be useless if the machine could be physically accessed by the adversary, which is a probable risk when hosting in the cloud. This paper proposes a different approach to TDE, which takes into account cloud-speciﬁc risks, extends encryption to cover data-in-use and partly data-in-motion, and is capable of executing large subsets of SQL including heavy relational operations, complex operations over attributes, and transactions.
Characterization of phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and its role in lipid biosynthesis

Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) catalyses the committed step of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis and thus regulates the amounts of TAG produced by the cell. TAG is the target of biotechnological processes developed for the production of food lipids or biofuels. These processes are using oleaginous microorganisms like the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as the TAG producers. Thus manipulating key enzymatic activities like PAP in Y. lipolytica could drive lipid biosynthesis towards TAG production and increase TAG yields. In this study, PAP activity in Y. lipolytica was characterized in detail and its role in lipid biosynthesis was addressed. PAP activity increased 2.5‐fold with the addition of Mg2+ (1 mm) in the assay mixture, which means that most of the PAP activity was due to Mg2+‐dependent PAP enzymes (e.g. Pah1, App1). In contrast, N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) potently inhibited PAP activity, indicating the presence of NEM‐sensitive PAP enzymes (e.g. App1, Lpp1). Localization studies revealed that the majority of PAP activity resides in the membrane fraction, while the cytosolic fraction harbours only a small amount of activity. PAP activity was regulated in a growth‐dependent manner, being induced at the early exponential phase and declining thereafter. PAP activity did not correlate with TAG synthesis, which increased as cells progressed from the exponential phase to the early stationary phase. In stationary phase, TAG was mobilized with the concomitant synthesis of sterols and sterol esters. These results provide the first insights into the role of PAP in lipid biosynthesis by Y. lipolytica. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of Agonists in α-Adrenoceptor Classification and Localisation of α1-Adrenoceptors in Human Prostate

α-Adrenoceptor blocker drugs are commonly used in the clinical (non-surgical) treatment of BPH. α1-adrenoceptors were originally sub-divided using agonists but, subsequently, were sub-divided using only antagonists in ligand-ligand interactions, which did not require agonists at all. Ultimately, proof that adrenoceptors are functional receptors for the natural ligands, noradrenaline and adrenaline, requires that agonists be used. The earlier excitement engendered by finding varying agonist potency series in different tissues has not been revisited to place it in the context of current concepts of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes. This review will consider the advantages and limitations of different agonists for the study of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes including ‘extreme’ examples where the archetypal α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine activates α2-adrenoceptors and others where UK14304, often the α2-adrenoceptor agonist of choice, activates α1-adrenoceptors. New work will also be presented showing the interaction between agonists and the fluorescent α1-adrenoceptor antagonist QAPB. This introduces the novel point of view of studying the displacement of antagonists by agonists. Possible errors in antagonist classification arising from complexity in the actions of agonists and the recently developed method of fluorescent ligand binding on isolated living human prostatic smooth muscle cells will be discussed.
Biomedical and Demographic Determinants of Reproduction

SIR In the paper about the discrepancy between the reported sexual behaviour of young men and records of their fatherhood,' I speculated whether the recent large scale study of sexual behaviour in Britain would throw light on the problem. Now that it has been published,2'3 it is clear that it supports the two hypotheses I reckoned were most plausible. The first related to different patterns of sexual behaviour among young men and
Trend of Antibiotic Resistance Among Acinetobacter spp. Strains Isolated From Wound Infections in Ghaem University Hospital in Northeast of Iran From 2005 to 2011

Background: Acinetobacter has become an important cause of different infections such as wound infection, due to its great ability to survive and spread in hospital settings and to develop resistance against many antibiotics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance among isolates of Acinetobacter from wound infections during a 7-year period, from 2005 to 2011, in Ghaem University Hospital, Mashhad. Patients and Methods: During this period, patients with nosocomial wound infections were identified according to national nosocomial infections surveillance system (NNIS) and appropriate samples were taken from their wounds. Furthermore, microbiological procedures were performed to identify the bacterial strains causing the infection. Antibiotic susceptibility of Acinetobacter isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. Results: Based on the guideline, 324 cases of infection were identified and 43 samples of Acinetobacter strains were isolated. During this 7-year period, the resistance to kanamycin and norfloxacin was increased among these 43 samples. However, the resistance against ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefexime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, cefazolin, gentamicin, and ceftizoxime was not significantly increased. The overall bacterial resistance was high. The pick of Acinetobacter species was observed in 2006 and 2007. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated a high antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter species isolated from wound infections. The increased resistance to antibiotics such as kanamycin and norfloxacin was due to their vast application in treatments. Moreover, the decreased resistance to other noted antibiotics was probably due to their low application.
Phenotypic Re-expression of Near Quiescent Chondrocytes: The Effects of Type II Collagen and Growth Factors

After extensively expanding in monolayer culture, the cultured chondrocytes become quiescent. The aim of this study was to establish the hypothesis that the phenotypic function of extensively expanded primary chondrocytes may be restored with extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions with or without growth factors. The restoring effects of these microenvironmental factors on the near quiescent passage 9 (P9) chondrocyte were investigated. The data showed that exogenous type I collagen and type II collagen at 1:1 ratio stimulate cell proliferation greatly while type II collagen alone was enough to revive most of cartilaginous functions of near quiescent P9 chondrocytes. Exogenous type II collagen by itself was more effective in restoring cell proliferation rate, elevating glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation and promoting the re-expression of type II collagen mRNAs in the near quiescent chondrocytes. The supplement of P9 chondrocytes with type II collagen plus TGF-β1 and IGF-I appeared essential for the re-expression of aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA in monolayer culture. In 3D type II collagen construct, P9 chondrocytes appeared healthy as chondrocytes and showed clear lacuna. However, in 3D type I collagen matrix, only some P9 chondrocytes exhibited lacuna. The cartilaginous microenvironments are crucial to restoring chondrocyte-phenotypic features of the quiescent or ‘dedifferentiated’ chondrocytes, implicating the potential of expanding a scarcity of healthy chondrocytes for cartilage repair or regeneration.
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural women in Tamil Nadu

Background: Poor infant feeding practices and their consequences are one of the world's major problems and a serious obstacle to social and economic development. Various studies have shown that infant feeding could be influenced by socioeconomic status, maternal education, place of living and many other factors. Hence a prevalence study on exclusive breastfeeding was conducted in rural Tamil Nadu. Aim and Objective: To assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices and the factors influencing them among women in a rural area in Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in Attyampatti Panchyat Union, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, from March 2011-June 2011. All the 291 children in the age group of six months to two years in Attyampatti Panchayat Union were included in the study, irrespective of any sample. The data was analyzed using SPSS package. Results: Among the study population 52.6% were male children and 47.4% were females. Only 99 (34%) children were exclusively breastfed for six months. The majority of women (60.5%) initiated breastfeeding within half an hour after delivery. Various demographic factors like the education of the mother, type of delivery, type of family, occupation, number of children, monthly income, family size, age at marriage and religion had a direct influence on exclusive breastfeeding, which in turn influenced the weight of the baby and immune status of the child. Most of the mothers (44.7%) inferred that the main reason for giving bottle feed is because of inadequate breast milk secretion. Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is low in this particular area. Hence promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and focus on the factors affecting them is highly warranted in this area.
The First Report of...

To the Editor. — "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of. " is one of those hackneyed phrases that evokes a yawn from the average medical journal reader. If the claim is unjustified, a sense of mild irritation may accompany the yawn. The recent article by Campo and McDonald (112:687-689, 1976) elicited such a reaction. Contrary to the selfserving statement of these authors, Neldner and Hambridge published the first report of the successful treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica with zinc sulfate in the US literature ( N Engl J Med 292:879-882, 1975). Since this report appeared prior to the publication acceptance date of the article by Campo and McDonald, there was plenty of time for these authors to amend their final manuscript prior to actual publication. Not satisfied with trying to be "first in the US," Campo and McDonald seek even greater glory by proudly proclaiming that their paper