Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXY STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS IN THE LAST ∼6 Gyr: FEEDBACK PROCESSES VERSUS MERGER EVENTS

We present results on the evolution of the structural parameters of two samples of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the last 6 Gyr. The nearby sample of BCGs consists of 69 galaxies from the WINGS survey spanning a redshift range of 0.04 < z < 0.07. The intermediate-redshift (0.3 < z < 0.6) sample is formed by 20 BCGs extracted from the Hubble Space Telescope archive. Both samples have similar spatial resolution and their host clusters have similar X-ray luminosities. We report an increase in the size of the BCGs from intermediate to local redshift. However, we do not detect any variation in the Sérsic shape parameter in both samples. These results prove to be robust since the observed tendencies are model independent. We also obtain significant correlations between some of the BCG parameters and the main properties of the host clusters. More luminous, larger, and centrally located BCGs are located in more massive and dominant galaxy clusters. These facts indicate that the host galaxy cluster has played an important role in the formation of their BCGs. We discuss the possible mechanisms that can explain the observed evolution of the structural parameters of the BCGs. We conclude that the main mechanisms that can explain the increase in size and the non-evolution in the Sérsic shape parameter of the BCGs in the last 6 Gyr are feedback processes. This result disagrees with semi-analytical simulation results supporting the idea that merging processes are the main mechanism responsible for the evolution of the BCGs up until the present epoch.
A rationalistic approach to IT investments using Enterprise Architecture

In this thesis I present a discussion on the theoretical and practical implications of the use of Enterprise Architecture as support in the decision-making process surrounding IT investments. Using interviews and a working prototype, I debate the desirability and feasibility of a more rationalistic approach to IT investments decisions. The complexity surrounding IT investments has left researchers and decision-makers looking for a method to attribute value to their IT and improve decision quality. I distinguish two ways of dealing with such complexity; reduction and enhancing one’s ability to process information. This research focusses on the latter, using Enterprise Architecture as a structure in which the value of business processes is traced back to the supporting IT applications and infrastructure. The valuation method involves a Multi – Criteria Decision Analysis, with the Enterprise Architecture serving as a framework that structures the criteria. A crucial part of the method is the accompanying tool in Excel, which automates the calculations, by which much of the complexity is transferred to a computer system (thus enhancing the decision-making capacity). This tool has proven to be capable of performing the calculations necessary for this method and can present the results so that they are easy to interpret.
HOW PERFORMANCE OF JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) STOCKS RELATIVE TO OTHER STOCKS

This study was conducted to assess the performance of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) stocks and also investigate whether there was an ethical effect (JII selection restriction) and compare it with non-Sharia stocks. The main model used in this study was the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) single index model extended to the Fama and French three factors. This study employs elaborate matching data. The data used in this study was split into two periods: the 2005-2007 periods which consists of two groups: JII and non-JII and the 2008-2012 periods which consists of three groups: JII, Sharia and non-Sharia based on industry sector. This study found that basically there was no difference on performance between JII and non-JII stocks. Therefore, this result supports the previous studies in which there were no significant differences between Sharia and conventional investment.
FRONTIER FIELDS: SUBARU WEAK-LENSING ANALYSIS OF THE MERGING GALAXY CLUSTER A2744

We present a weak-lensing analysis of the merging Frontier Fields (FF) cluster Abell 2744 using new Subaru/Suprime-Cam imaging. The wide-field lensing mass distribution reveals this cluster is comprised of four distinct substructures. Simultaneously modeling the two-dimensional reduced shear field using a combination of a Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) model for the main core and truncated NFW models for the subhalos, we determine their masses and locations. The total mass of the system is constrained as M 200 c = ( 2.06 ± 0.42 ) × 10 15 M ☉ . > The most massive clump is the southern component with M 200 c = ( 7.7 ± 3.4 ) × 10 14 M ⊙ , ? > followed by the western substructure ( M 200 c = ( 4.5 ± 2.0 ) × 10 14 M ⊙ ? > ) and two smaller substructures to the northeast ( M 200 c = ( 2.8 ± 1.6 ) × 10 14 M ⊙ ? > ) and northwest ( M 200 c = ( 1.9 ± 1.2 ) × 10 14 M ⊙ ? > ). The presence of the four substructures supports the picture of multiple mergers. Using a composite of hydrodynamical binary simulations we explain this complicated system without the need for a “slingshot” effect to produce the northwest X-ray interloper, as previously proposed. The locations of the substructures appear to be offset from both the gas ( 87 − 28 + 34 ? > arcsec, 90% CL) and the galaxies ( 72 − 53 + 34 ? > arcsec, 90% CL) in the case of the northwestern and western subhalos. To confirm or refute these findings, high resolution space-based observations extending beyond the current FF limited coverage to the west and northwestern area are essential.
Connectionist Models of Language Processing and the Training of Listening Skills With the Aid of Multimedia Software

This paper gives a brief overview of recent developments in cognitive science, juxtaposing two schools of thought, symbolism and connectionism. It is argued that both connectionism and symbolism are relevant for second language learning. A simple software tool for listening comprehension is then described, illustrating how some principles of connectionism as well as symbolism can be implemented in computer-assisted language learning.
Spectroscopy and Theory of cis-trans Isomerization in the Si State of Acetylene by P .

This thesis consists of parallel experimental and theoretical studies of the rovibrational structure and dynamics of the Si state of acetylene, C2H2 . This small molecule is a prototypical system for the study of cis-trans isomerization, the barrier to which is moderately low in the Si state, presenting the opportunity to achieve a complete understanding of the global rovibrational dynamics of an isomerizing system. Our analysis of the spectra of ungerade vibrational levels in the region 45800-46550 cm-1 extends the complete assignment of trans vibrational levels to 4300 cm-1 above the Si electronic origin. These exhaustive assignments have enabled the identification of two new cis vibrational states. Reduced dimension rovibrational variational calculations have been carried out to aid in the characterization of spectroscopic signatures and patterns associated with the isomerization process. Such effects include the decoupling of the vibrational polyads that involve the low-energy bending modes v4 and v6 and the large cross-anharmonicity of modes v3 and u6, the combination bands of which follow the isomerization path toward the half-linear transition state. Additionally, we focus on predictions for the K-staggering observed in both cis and trans levels caused by tunneling through the isomerization barrier. The detailed patterns of these staggerings make possible a direct empirical distinction between different possible isomerization mechanisms. We also present an empirical model which analyzes the vibrational level structure along the isomerization path. This model enables the direct spectroscopic characterization of the energy of the transition state, the qualitative structure and width of the isomerization barrier, and the curvature of the nuclear potential surface in directions orthogonal to the isomerization path. This type of analysis is generalizable to other systems, potential surfaces of which contain stationary points and thus provides a powerful new tool for studying transition states via frequency domain spectroscopy. Thesis Supervisor: Robert W. Field Title: Haslam and Dewey Professor of Chemistry
Assessing spatio-temporal variability and trends in modelled and measured Greenland Ice Sheet albedo (2000–2013)

Accurate measurements and simulations of Green- land Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface albedo are essential, given the role of surface albedo in modulating the amount of absorbed solar radiation and meltwater production. In this study, we assess the spatio-temporal variability of GrIS albedo dur- ing June, July, and August (JJA) for the period 2000-2013. We use two remote sensing products derived from data col- lected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiome- ter (MODIS), as well as outputs from the Modele Atmo- spherique Regionale (MAR) regional climate model (RCM) and data from in situ automatic weather stations. Our results point to an overall consistency in spatio-temporal variabil- ity between remote sensing and RCM albedo, but reveal a difference in mean albedo of up to 0:08 between the two remote sensing products north of 70 N. At low elevations, albedo values simulated by the RCM are positively biased with respect to remote sensing products by up to 0:1 and exhibit low variability compared with observations. We infer that these differences are the result of a positive bias in sim- ulated bare ice albedo. MODIS albedo, RCM outputs, and in situ observations consistently indicate a decrease in albedo of 0:03 to 0:06 per decade over the period 2003-2013 for the GrIS ablation area. Nevertheless, satellite products show a decline in JJA albedo of 0:03 to 0:04 per decade for re- gions within the accumulation area that is not confirmed by either the model or in situ observations. These findings ap- pear to contradict a previous study that found an agreement between in situ and MODIS trends for individual months. The results indicate a need for further evaluation of high ele- vation albedo trends, a reconciliation of MODIS mean albedo at high latitudes, and the importance of accurately simulating bare ice albedo in RCMs.
The Effect of Half Plunging and No Plunging as Alternative Winemaking Techniques on Phenolic Extraction and Pigment Composition of Wine

The extraction of phenolics (anthocyanins, total phenolics and tannins) and pigmented tannin evolution in Merlot red wines made using three different winemaking techniques were evaluated over one year. Traditional maceration (TM) (two plunges per day), half plunging (half) and no plunging (NP) methods were compared using triplicate 12 kg vinification. No pre-fermentation maceration occurred and a 15-day fermentation and post-fermentation period was used. The wines were analysed daily during the 15-day maceration period and regularly after pressing during the next 11 months. Phenolic, tannin and colour measurements were analysed using UV/Vis spectral readings processed using the AWRI WineCloud TM . At the end of the 15-day maceration, total phenolics, total pigment and free anthocyanins were significantly lower in concentration in the TM treatment compared with NP. The tannin concentration also was significantly lower from days 10 to 12. Pigmented tannin was consistently at higher concentrations in the TM treatment, although not significantly so, during maceration. The significant differences were maintained as the wine developed over the next 11 months; however, the NP trial wine displayed increased pigmented tannin development compared with the TM, being significantly higher in pigmented tannin from about day 90. Higher colour and phenolic extraction in the NP trial led to higher stable colour development in the resulting wines, with the winemaking having an important effect in modifying the pigment profile of the wines. General wine quality parameters did not differ significantly between the three treatments.
Do Computers enable mathematical problem solving or just make it “easy”?

This article suggests that recent advances in the development of computer programs capable of intricate symbolic computations might afford some negative outcomes by unintentionally shielding the learners of mathematics from all the challenges that are at the cornerstone of the subject matter. To address this concern, the paper describes how traditional curriculum can be modified in order to turn computer tools into enablers of problem solving. As an example of a new type of problem, the paper shows how the appropriate use of technology allows for some uncommon inquiries in the classic context of Fibonacci numbers. The article is written against the backdrop of mathematics teacher education.
Serum Markers for the Prediction of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is urgent need for a first trimester marker for the prediction of the disease. Ultrasonographic markers when used alone are not very sensitive. Several biochemical serum markers have been investigated as possible predictors in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The markers which have been studied extensively are both angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors as well as factors related to the process of placentation. However, the biochemical markers when they are used alone are not extremely effective for the prediction of PE. The combination of these markers with other predictors such as maternal history, clinical features, risk factors, demographic characteristics, uterine arteries Doppler will develop in the future more effective prediction models.
Assessment of the contribution of groundwater discharges to rivers using monthly flow statistics and flow seasonality

Groundwater discharge is believed to dominate dry season flows in perennial river systems and to sustain aquatic biodiversity. River flow statistics, extracted from the SPATSIM modelling system, were used to estimate the contribution of groundwater to river flow regimes. The flow statistics were compared for the principal aquifer types (based on major geological formations) in South Africa. This analysis focused on seasonal variation in flows rather than the annual totals or Baseflow Index. Groundwater discharge is expected to reduce flow variability and sustain flows, making flow concentrations lower than rainfall concentrations. Catchments dominated by carbonates have the greatest proportion of baseflow (37%), followed by basement complex (31%) and extrusive aquifer types (31%). The weak relationships between river flow indexes (particularly the Baseflow Index, Coefficient of Variation and Hydrological Index) and the seasonality or concentration statistics imply that catchment storage characteristics and other non-climatic factors play an important role in flow regulation. The geographic distribution of total flow concentrations differs markedly from rainfall concentrations, further evidence that non-climatic factors are important determinants of flow regimes. Karoo dykes and sills, extrusives and unconsolidated deposits are under-represented and the TMG sub-type, carbonates and basement complex and younger granites are over-represented among catchments with evenly distributed baseflows. The Baseflow Index and groundwater-fed baseflow are ecologically meaningful variables but lack clear thresholds that correspond with ecologically important changes in river flow regimes, for example perennial versus seasonal flow. Flow concentrations and percentage zero flows are useful and potentially ecologically important variables and should be tested as predictors of the aquatic and riparian biodiversity of river systems at a range of scales.
Victimization , Healthcare Use and Health Maintenance

Objective: The present study examines the relationship between past abuse, health maintenance, and healthcare use in an adult primary-care sample. Method: Sixty-five patients (9 men, 57 women) indicated that they had been victims of abuse, either as adults or as children, on a standardized five-page questionnaire for new patients. They ranged in age from 18 to 88 (M=47). Our comparison group was 65 non-abused patients matched for age and sex. Results: The abused patients reported significantly more symptoms and were significantly more likely to have had surgery. But there was no significant difference in number of doctors or hospitalizations they had had in the past five years. Abused patients were more likely to engage in harmful behaviors than their non-abused counterparts, but there was no significant difference in health maintenance activities between the groups. They were more likely to report depression and less likely to describe their health as “good” than their non-abused counterparts. Conclusion: Patients with history of abuse have higher utilization rates of some types of health care services. Their health may also be influenced by negative behaviors, depression, and self-rated health.
Predictions of electron temperatures in the Mars ionosphere and their effects on electron densities

Observations of peak electron densities in the Mars ionosphere are well fit by a simplistic theory that assumes the electron temperature, Te, at the peak remains constant as solar zenith angle, χ, changes. However, Te ought to vary with both altitude and χ. Here we use an existing numerical model of ionospheric energetics, which includes both vertical and diurnal variations in temperatures, to predict that Te at the ionospheric peak is relatively independent of χ. This model accurately predicts the observed dependence of peak electron density on χ, whereas predictions using Viking‐based electron temperatures that are held constant with time do not. A simplified analytic model is developed to interpret these results further. It predicts that the difference between electron and neutral temperatures is proportional to the ratio of electron heating rate to electron production rate and proportional to the square root of solar irradiance.
Comparison of Regular and Probiotic Yogurts in Treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children

Diarrhea is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age, especially in developing countries. Due to dehydration and imbalance of water and electrolytes in the body. There is a need to introduce alternative ways for management of this common health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of regular and probiotic yogurt on duration and frequency of diarrhea in children aged one to five with acute watery diarrhea. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to three groups, two intervention groups, including regular and probiotic yogurt groups, and a control group. In the regular yogurt group, the first significant decrease in frequency of diarrhea was 2.15 ± 0.61 days and in the probiotic group was 2.65 ± 0.72 days after admission to the hospital.
Deregulation of Annexin-A 1 and Galectin-1 Expression in Precancerous Gastric Lesions : Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Ulcer

Objective. Annexin-A1 (ANXA1/AnxA1) and galectin-1 (LGALS1/Gal-1) are mediators that play an important role in the inflammatory response and are also associated with carcinogenesis.We investigatedmRNA and protein expression in precancerous gastric lesions that participate in the progression cascade to gastric cancer, such as intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric ulcer (GU). Methods. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemical techniques were used to analyze the relative quantification levels (RQ) ofANXA1 and LGALS1mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results. Increased relative expression levels of ANXA1 were found in 100% of cases, both in IM (mean RQ = 6.22 ± 0.06) and in GU (mean RQ = 6.69 ± 0.10). However, the LGALS1 presented basal expression in both groups (IM: mean RQ = 0.35 ± 0.07; GU: mean RQ = 0.69 ± 0.09). Immunohistochemistry revealed significant positive staining for both the AnxA1 and Gal-1 proteins in the epithelial nucleus and cytoplasm as well as in the stroma of the IM and GU groups (P < 0.05) but absence or low immunorectivity in normal mucosa. Conclusion. Our results bring an important contribution by evidencing that both the AnxA1 and Gal-1 anti-inflammatory proteins are deregulated in precancerous gastric lesions, suggesting their involvement in the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis, possibly due to an inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa.
The Possible Explanation for Secondary Microseisms Seasonal and Annual Variations

Annual drift is typical for microseisms. We propose a model based on thermoelastic wave generation that explains the highest microseisms during winter using higher stress level at the same time. If we remove the average influence of the background stress from the microseisms, we obtain the residual microseisms, which show the semiannual periods with maxima in March and October. The histogram of anomalous microseisms has the same form as the variations in Length of the Day (LOD). This phenomenon is recognized as a secondary order mechanism after the annual drift. The synoptic situations and earthquakes were recognized as imminent triggers of anomalous microseisms. This synoptic situation is consistent with the uplift of the northern part of Europe after ice cap melting.
Impact Evaluation of Assimilating Surface Sensitive Infrared Radiance Observations over Land and Sea Ice from Observing System Simulation Experiments

In this study, Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are conducted to analyze the impact of assimilating surface sensitive infrared radiance observations over land and sea ice. This type of assimilation has not yet been successfully implemented at operational weather centers. Infrared radiance from AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) is simulated from the Nature Run (NR) provided by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and assimilated in a 3D-Var. analysis system. A control simulation was generated excluding the new data source, but including all data assimilated operationally at the Canadian Meteorological Center. Experiments were conducted allowing surface sensitive channels to be assimilated over all surfaces or excluding Polar Regions. Resulting forecasts were intercompared and validated against NR fields. Results indicate significant positive impacts in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere extratropics and more modest impacts in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Some limitations of the OSSE approach are identified, linked to the different forecast systems used for the NR and the assimilation and higher cloud contamination in Polar Regions. This analysis provides useful insight in preparation for the assimilation of real radiance observations.
The elasticity of taxable income for Germany and its sensitivity to the appropriate model

This paper provides new empirical insights on the elasticity of taxable income for Germany. Using a rich panel of German income tax return data, the tax reforms of 2004 and 2005 are exploited implementing a new dynamic income model. Showing and discussing potential estimation problems of the most prominent model in the literature by Gruber and Saez (2002), this dynamic model delivers significant smaller estimates of the elasticity of taxable income. The overall estimate is 0.36 and robust against a number of sensitivity checks including non linear income controls. Elasticities differ between married and single assessed taxpayers with an elasticity of 0.17 for single and 0.44 for married taxpayers. These elasticities are similar to recent German results and considerablly smaller than recent results for the US from Weber(2014).