Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N93-27458 A Unified Approach for Numerical Simulation of Viscous Compressible and Incompressible Flows over Adiabatic and Isothermal Walls

A new formulation (including the choice of variables, their non-dimensionalization and the form of the artificial viscosity) is proposed for the numerical solution of the full Navier-Stokes equations for compressible and incompressible flows with heat transfer. With the present approach, the same code can be used for constant as well as variable density flows. The changes of the density due to pressure and temperature variations are identified and it is shown that the low Mach number approximation is a special case. At zero Mach number, the density changes due to the temperature variation is accounted for, mainly through a body force term in the momentum equation. It is also shown that the Boussinesq approximation of the buoyancy effects in an incompressible flow is a special case. To demonstrate the new capability, three examples are tested. Flows in driven cavities with adiabatic and isothermal walls are simulated with the same code as well as incompressible and supersonic flows
Relationship between Goal-Setting and Mathematics Achievement among Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate selected goal-setting as a predictor of mathematics performance among students in public secondary schools in Kisii Central Sub-County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Social Development Theory (1978) by Levi Vygotsky and the Theory of Education Productivity by Walberg (1981). The study employed the Solomon Four pretest-posttest two group design with posttest only control design. The study population included 1665 form 3 students and 41 form 3 mathematics teachers from public secondary schools in Kisii Central Sub County, Kenya. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The sample size comprised of 360 form 3 students and 11 form 3 mathematics teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were collected using interview schedules. The normality of goal-setting was established using the Shapiro-Wilk test and was established at Lilliefors significance Correlation of value . 961. Trustworthiness of qualitative data was ensured using Shenton (2004) criteria for trustworthiness. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data were analyzed with the help of the thematic framework. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between goal-setting and mathematics achievement. The study further established that students who set goals performed better in mathematics than their counterparts who did not set goals. The study recommended that universities, which train secondary school teachers, should include aspects of goal-setting as a self-regulated learning technique in their training programmes.
Hierarchical Temporal-Contextual Recommenders

Recommendation systems have developed beyond simple matrix factorization to focus on two important sources of information: the temporal order of events (Hidasi et al., 2015) and side (e.g., spatial) information encoded in user and item features (Rendle, 2012). However, state-of-art temporal modeling is often limited by model capacity for long user histories. In addition, meta data are rarely used in generic sequence models, perhaps due to a lack of improvement guarantees in end-to-end training. Important kinds of meta-data, like interaction feedback (e.g. click vs. add to cart, view duration) are not modeled. In this paper we propose a hierarchical recurrent network with meta data (HRNN-meta) model to solve both problems. To compactly store long histories, and propagate gradients through them, we use HRNN to group user interactions into hierarchical sessions of activity intervals, within which a user tends to maintain related interests. Different from previous hierarchical models (Quadrana et al., 2017), which manipulate model hidden states, HRNN encodes session information in the embedded inputs. We show that this change not only yields up to 10x better computational efﬁciency due to better ability to align batches, but also allows us to extend from GRUs (Cho et al., 2014) to the entire family of RNN models, and further increases model capacities when combined with temporal convolutional networks. To use meta data in sequential models, we extend the HRNN decoder with a factorization machine inspired network, between the HRNN output embedding and item meta data, which improves over the vanilla HRNN which is a special case of the model. We also extend HRNN-meta model to handle user features and interaction feedback to learn different objectives such as click or rating predictions. We report signiﬁcant improvements both in simulation studies and in real-world datasets.
Physical activity counselling in Ireland: a survey of doctors’ knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practice

Objective Physical activity (PA) counselling has been shown to raise awareness of the importance of PA and to increase the rate of PA engagement among patients. While much attention has been paid to examining the knowledge, attitudes and practice of general practitioners in relation to PA counselling, there is less literature examining such issues in hospital-based doctors in Ireland and further afield. This study aimed to explore doctors’ PA counselling practices and to analyse how this related to their level of PA knowledge, training and attitudes. Methods An invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to 4692 members of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland who were listed as having an address in Ireland. Descriptive and explorative analyses of the data were performed using IBM SPSS V.22. 0. Results A total of 595 valid responses were included (response rate 12.7%; 42.7% male, 42.6±12.1 years). The majority reported enquiring about PA levels (88.0%) and providing PA counselling (86.4%) in at least some of their patients. Doctors who saw it as their role and those who felt more effective/confident in providing PA counselling were significantly more likely to do so. A perceived lack of patient interest in PA and patient preference for pharmaceutical intervention were significant barriers to undertaking PA counselling. Conclusion This study demonstrates the need for further education and training in PA counselling in Ireland with a particular focus on improving the attitudes and self-efficacy of doctors in this area at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
The Effect of Investor Disagreement on Wealth Gain from Corporate Spinoff Announcements

This study empirically tests the implication of theories of differences of opinion (DO) model. We extend Kim (2017)’s bivariate analysis of the effect of investor disagreement on stock prices to a multivariate analysis. The prior literature has examined sources for wealth gains generated from spinoff announcements based on the assumption that managers act rationally to maximize the shareholder value. Thus, rational investors react positively to spinoff decisions. However, these motives—value creation through a spinoff by reducing information asymmetry, by focusing on core business, or by splitting up a large portion of assets to a spun-off—at best have limited power to explain wealth gains. Using a sample of corporate spinoff announcements in the U.S, we show that not only because investors have different priors and interpret information differently, but also because they react to the announcement in the manner that is consistent with the idea of limited attention, the disagreement factor, which is defined by such investor behavior account for a significant fraction of the cross-sectional variation in the announcement abnormal returns.
Salt and Hypertension Hypothesis - Still Relevant

Essential hypertension accounts for >90% of cases of hypertension. [1,2] The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is multifactorial, with involvement of multiple pathophysiologic factors. THESE include increased sympathetic nervous system activity, activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and vascular tone due to inappropriate levels of vasoconstrictors, vasodilators and alterations in adrenergic receptors; inadequate dietary intake of potassium and calcium; diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance; and altered cellular ion transport. In addition to these, dietary sodium, or salt, intake has been found to play a key player, and the most common and important risk factor for hypertension. [3] Numerous clinical trials have shown a direct association and causal relation between salt intake and the pathogenesis of hypertension. In particular, sodium retention due to the overproduction of sodium-retaining hormones or inappropriate renal salt handling due to alterations in expression of the Kallikrein– Kinin system have been implicated as mechanisms in hypertension. [2] In the last half a century, there has been a gradual shift in the understanding of the role of salt in hypertension. The traditional view emphasized the centrality of the kidney and its malfunction in the development of hypertension. It was proposed that hypertension was a consequence of impaired sodium and water excretion due to a failure of pressure diuresis in regulating blood volume to return arterial pressures to control values. [4,5] The hypothesis that renal salt handling plays a role in hypertension has also been supported by studies which show that genetic mutations affect blood pressure in Mendelian or monogenic forms of human hypertension and hypotension. [6-8] Abstract
After Five Years, Challenges Facing MINUSMA Persist

The situation in Mali continues to evolve and is making MINUSMA’s task further challenging. Civilians in northern and central Mali continue to suffer from protection issues. In fact, since June 2018, at least 287 civilians have been killed by extremist groups or have been victims of acts of atrocities from rival communities, the highest number recorded since the deployment of MINUSMA.1 MINUSMA earned its name of being the most dangerous UN mission in the world due to lack of sufficient equipment and training of contributing troops. Inequality between African and European peacekeepers has been identified as one factor contributing to its inability to prevent deadly attacks against its personnel and civilians. Finally, the Malian government and armed groups, signatories of the peace accord, have demonstrated a lack of leadership and unwillingness to find a common ground for significant progress of the peace process.
The Signs of alert and Labor: knowledge among pregnant women

Abstract Objectives: ididentify the scores on the pregnant women’s knowledge on the signs of alert and labor and correlate the scores with the maternal age, number of children and the guidance they received during pregnancy. Methods: this is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach on pregnant women's previous knowledge of the signs of alert and labor performed with 100 pregnant women on their 30th week of gestation at the Hospital de Clínicas da UFTM (Clinical Hospital). The data collection was carried out from April to June 2016, using a semi-structured instrument tested as a pilot study. Results: only 21% of the pregnant women reported taking part in the pregnant women's group; 61% of them referred to not receiving any information on the signs of alert and labor. A statistically significant association was verified between the number of correct answers and the guidance they received during prenatal consultations. However, there was no correlation between the correct scores on maternal age and the number of children. Conclusions: the pregnant women who did not receive any kind of guidance, they had lower scores on the correct answers, which shows the importance of guiding them about Health Education during their prenatal consultations.
Fitting In Across STEM: Comparing Science/Math and Engineering/Technology Students' Perceptions of Their Fields and Futures

Heather entered the Applied Social and Community Psychology program in the fall of 2014, after completing her Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the University of Cincinnati. She has participated in various research projects examining the interaction between stereotypes and science interest and confidence, their influence upon womens’ performance in school and the workplace, and their presence in the media and consequences for viewers. Her primary research interest is science identity, STEM education, and participation in online communities.
Development of “HICALI”: high speed optical feeder link system between GEO and ground

In National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) of JAPAN, an ultra high speed optical satellite communication equipment onboard the engineering test satellite IX has been developing. The satellite is planned to be launched to geosynchronous orbit in 2021. In this project, we are aiming for ultra high-speed data transmission at the world's highest level of 10 [Gbps] for both uplink and downlink between optical ground stations and geosynchronous satellite. This paper outlines the optical communication mission, the scheduled optical communication experiment, the examination of HICALI and the ground based system at the present time - the outline of the development situation is also explained.
Influencing IoT Device User Privacy Behaviors: An Empirical Study

The prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is increasing in both volume and variety (Fagan, Megas, Scarfone, & Smith, 2019). Therefore, ensuring users take appropriate measures to protect their privacy is important to guarantee their safety expectations are met. Unfortunately, device users are generally unaware of how devices work and therefore how to properly set up their device’s privacy features (Olmstead & Smith, 2017). The present study evaluated two interventions designed to address these needs. First, in an attempt to increase access and understanding of the terms and conditions by users, a Terms and Conditions Guru was designed that presented important information throughout the IoT device set up. Second, in an attempt to encourage users to adjust their settings in an appropriate manner, user settings profiles were created. This paper presents the methods, results, and recommendations for IoT interface design.
How likely will a mode shift occur? – Evaluating the demographic and location differences between potential and existing users of sustainable transportation modes

Transportation mode shift programs do not target specific individuals. Therefore, they are less effective in terms of facilitating mode shifts among existing single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) users. Through a widespread survey-based approach, this proposal compared the demographic and location characteristics of those whose best and second-best mobility option is public transit, micromobility, and carpool and evaluate how likely existing SOV users will shift to the more sustainable mobility options. The demographics and location patterns of the carpool nudgeable audience were found to be substantially different from existing carpool users, implying a lower likelihood for them to shift mode. The results can be used by state and regional agencies with sustainability goals to develop more targeted and effective mode shift programs.
Interpersonal Coordination and Synchronization in Human-Machine Teams

Project overview. The current study focuses on the interpersonal coordination dynamics (human-human vs. human-machine dyadic interaction) within all-human and human-machine teams (HMTs) in a simulated remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) systems task environment. In this research, three heterogeneous team members communicated via a text-based communication system to photograph target waypoints. Each team member had a different role: (1) navigator – informs the pilot regarding a flight plan with speed and altitude restrictions of each waypoint; (2) pilot – controls the RPA and negotiates with the photographer regarding correct altitude and airspeed to take a good photo of the targets; and (3) photographer – monitors camera settings and sends feedback to the other team members regarding the status of the target's photograph. Although the pilot communicates and coordinates with both other roles, the navigator and photographer barely communicate with one another based on the nature of the task interdependencies. Therefore, the pilot role is the central role in this task in terms of communicating with both roles. We simulated a synthetic agent with natural language and learning abilities by having a human as a "synthetic agent. " This was achieved by manipulating the beliefs of the other two team members such that they believed the third team member was a synthetic agent (Demir et al., 2018; Demir & Cooke, 2014). The main question is whether manipulating this belief can impact dyadic coordination between the team members. Two conditions were created based on manipulating the pilot role: (1) Synthetic condition – the pilot was a randomly selected participant and never met with other two team members; (2) Control condition – the pilot was a randomly assigned participant and met with the other two team members. In the previous study from the same experiment (Demir et al., 2018), we found that teams in the control condition performed better than those in the synthetic condition.
Design-based education, sustainable teaching, and learning

Abstract Societal developments necessitate the continuing development of higher education, as labor markets are in full swing and professions are shifting in orientation or sometimes disappear completely. Therefore, a concomitant goal of higher education should be to help students develop metacognitive skills and domain-specific knowledge and skills. For many years, competence-based education and problem-based learning have dominated higher education. In this article, an overview of the principles and development of these concepts is given. Subsequently, based on self-regulation theory, approaches to learning and the demands of our society to learn how to face wicked problems, a sustainable approach to teaching and learning are outlined in this conceptual article. The multiple layers from which a sustainable learning environment should be built provide guidance for instructors during the design of their educational practice. Practical implications for educators to approach the transition to sustainable learning environments are given in the form of questions that can shape the dialogue on sustainable education.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN TEACHING: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY AT A SWEDISH PRIMARY SCHOOL

Many countries have recently implemented digital competence as an important part of their school curricula. In Sweden, the curriculum states: “Teaching should give students the opportunity to use digital tools in a way which promotes knowledge development” [3], making it mandatory to implement digital tools in teaching and learning. This poses challenges for schools and teachers: schools need to assist with infrastructure and make technology available, teachers need to acquire knowledge on how to use technology for educational purposes. Achieving technology integration to support teaching and learning in the classroom has been argued to be influenced by teachers’ attitudes and pedagogical beliefs [4], therefore the link between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and their practices must be examined in order to fully understand the integration [1]. This study is part of the Erasmus+ project Functional Information and Communication Technology Instruction On the Net (FICTION) [2] and investigates science teachers’ attitudes towards integration of technology, and how teachers elaborate and implement digital technologies into their teaching practices. In winter/spring 2019 five teachers from a local primary school took part in three focus group interviews. The first interview defined the current situation, the second generated input on how to challenge each teacher based on their needs. Each teacher was given instructions for a specific technology to try out during teaching. The teachers recorded their experiences on video for the third focus group discussion, which included an evaluation of how they perceived the specific technology to improve their students’ learning. The data so far consist of audio and video recordings from the interviews and the teachers’ experiences of using the proposed technologies in their teaching. Some preliminary findings are that while schools invest in infrastructure and technology, the opportunities to use the technology often are hindered by administrative issues such as scheduling, lack of time for competence development and no choice on platforms and systems to work with. The link between the teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and their practice is based on these prerequisites, but also on the teachers’ willingness to try out various technological tools. The data show that the teachers’ pedagogical perspectives and work with, e.g., formative teaching, pleasurable learning, and quality assured teaching and feedback, affect the teachers’ willingness to integrate new technologies and tools in their teaching.
Assessing the impact of industry in M&A success

The purpose of this thesis is to assess whether a company’s industry has a significant impact on the success rate of an M&A deal. The theoretical analysis is divided in three main determinants which are believed to support differences in performance – Premiums, Revenues & Costs and Integration. The empirical study regressed the Premiums and CARs for three distinct industries. The main results suggest both the acquirer’s industry and the premiums paid are, as hypothesised, relevant when explaining M&A success. Furthermore, evidence shows knowledge-intensive firms – Pharmaceutical and Software tend to pay higher premiums but achieve better CARs.
Sign-changing solutions for some nonhomogeneous nonlocal critical elliptic problems

We construct multiple sign-changing solutions for the nonhomogeneous nonlocal equation \begin{document}$ (-\Delta_{\Omega})^{s} u = \left| u\right| ^{\frac{4}{N-2s}}u +\varepsilon f(x)\quad \mbox{in }\Omega, $\end{document} under zero Dirichlet boundary conditions in a bounded domain \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^{N} $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ N>4s $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ s\in (0,1] $\end{document} , with \begin{document}$ f\in L^{\infty}(\Omega) $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ f\geq 0 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ f\neq0 $\end{document} . Here, \begin{document}$ \varepsilon>0 $\end{document} is a small parameter, and \begin{document}$ (-\Delta_{\Omega})^{s} $\end{document} represents a type of nonlocal operator sometimes called the spectral fractional Laplacian. We show that the number of sign-changing solutions goes to infinity as \begin{document}$ \varepsilon\rightarrow 0 $\end{document} when it is assumed that \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} have certain smoothness and possess certain symmetries, and we are also able to establish accurately the contribution of the nonhomogeneous term in the found solutions. Our proof relies on the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method.