Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental health in Moroccan youth in the Netherlands

textabstractThe objective of the present study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems in a general population sample of Moroccan immigrant children aged 4 through 18 living in the Netherlands. In chapter 1, it was described that Moroccan immigrant youth are expected to be at high risk of emotional and behavioral problems, as they are over-represented in the population of juvenile delinquents and they increasingly apply for youth assistance. Moreover, Moroccan immigrant youth may have to cope with several risk factors related to migration and culture. An overview was provided of levels of emotional and behavioral problems in immigrant youth samples, and factors associated with emotional and behavioral problems were lined out. As presented in the first chapter, with this study we aimed to: 1. Determine the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in Moroccan immigrant children and adolescents, and to compare this with the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish immigrant and Dutch native children and adolescents. 2. Identify patterns of psychological acculturation in Moroccan immigrant adolescents and adults. 3. Determine the factors associated with emotional and behavioral problems in Moroccan immigrant youth. a. Examine the relation between acculturation and emotional and behavioral problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents. b. Gain insight into the association between parenting and emotional and behavioral problems in Moroccan immigrant children and adolescents. c. Determine other factors associated with emotional and behavioral problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents. Children, aged 4 through 18 with at least one parent born in Morocco, were randomly selected from municipal registers of two major cities in the Netherlands, The Hague and Rotterdam. Eight hundred nineteen parents (response rate 73%); 387 adolescents aged 11 through 18 (response rate 91%); and 541 teachers (response rate 83%) participated in the study. Parents and adolescents were interviewed and teachers were sent a questionnaire.
Risk versus Benefit Considerations for the β2‐Agonists

Short‐acting β2‐agonists are the mainstay of therapy for acute bronchospasm associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whereas long‐acting β2‐agonists are used in maintaining disease control in these respiratory disorders. This review describes and compares the pharmacology of the β2‐agonists and explains how these differences translate into differences in efficacy and β2‐adrenergic‐mediated adverse effects. Questions commonly asked by clinicians regarding the efficacy and safety of short‐ and long‐acting β2‐agonists include issues about cardiovascular effects, tolerance to their bronchodilator and bronchoprotective effects, blunting of albuterol response by long‐acting β2‐agonists, potential masking of worsening asthma control, and the role of long‐acting β2‐agonists as adjunctive therapy with inhaled corticosteroids in maintaining asthma control. Pharmacogenetics may play a role in determining which patients may be at risk for a reduced response to a β2‐agonist. The continued use of racemic albuterol, which contains a mixture of R‐albuterol and S‐albuterol, has been questioned because of data from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting that S‐albuterol causes proinflammatory effects and may increase bronchial hyperreactivity. The preclinical and clinical effects of these two stereoisomers are reviewed. Data describing the efficacy and safety of levalbuterol (R‐albuterol) and racemic albuterol are presented.
Bacterial Isolates from the Urine of Women in Ilorin and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns

Context : Urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly encountered in women and, often, antibiotics are prescribed before bacteriological results are available. There is therefore a need to determine empirical antibiotics suitable in such situations. Objective : The aims of the study were to identify the pathogens causing UTI in pregnant and non-pregnant women, determine their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and suggest appropriate empirical antimicrobial agents for use in such patients. Study Design and Setting : A cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods : Urine samples of women suspected to have UTI were sent for microscopy, culture and sensitivity tests. The results were analyzed and the differences between the results of pregnant and non-pregnant patients were assessed, using the chi-square test. Results : Escherichia coli was the predominant cause of UTI in both groups of women. Staphylococcus aureus (0.05>p>0.01), Proteus species (0.05>p>0.01) and Pseudomonas (0.05>p>0.01) were more likely to be isolated in non-pregnant women. Sultamicillin, azithromycin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, gentamycin and cotrimoxazole demonstrated ‘good' to ‘very good' effectiveness against the organisms. The more recent, expensive antibiotics like ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and cefuroxime demonstrated ‘excellent' effectiveness against the organisms. Antibiotics were generally more effective in clearing UTI in pregnancy. Conclusions and Recommendation : Antibiotics for empirical treatment of UTI in this environment should be those with good to excellent activities as listed above. Consideration should be given to the severity of the infection, drug safety in pregnancy and cost-effectiveness in making the appropriate choice for each patient. (Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: 2001, 18(2): 61-65)
Cytotoxicity of Polyphenolic/Flavonoid Compounds in a Leukaemia Cell Culture

Citotoksičnost polifenolnih/flavonoidnih spojeva u kulturi leukemijskih stanica Flavonoidne sastavnice propolisa biološki su aktivne tvari koje posjeduju antioksidativna, protutumorska, imunomodulacijska i protuupalna svojstva. Istražili smo citotoksično djelovanje polifenolnih spojeva (kvercetina, kavene kiseline, krizina, naringenina i naringina) na različite linije leukemijskih stanica (MOLT, JURKAT, HL-60, RAJI, U937). Stanice su inkubirane u mediju RPMI-1640 obogaćenom 10%-tnim fetalnim telećim serumom, pri temperaturi od 37 °C u atmosferi s 5% CO2, uz dodatak polifenolnih/flavonoidnih spojeva različitih koncentracija (100 μg mL-1, 50 μg mL-1, 25 μg mL-1 i/ili 12,5 μg mL-1). Utvrđeno je da citotoksičnost flavonoida ovisi o vrsti i koncentraciji; najjači citotoksični učinak imaju kvercetin te krizin i kavena kiselina. Krizin i/ili naringenin primijenjeni na U937 i HL-60-stanice stimuliraju proliferaciju stanica, što upućuje na bifazni učinak istraživanih spojeva na monocitne leukemijske stanice. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na potrebu daljnjih istraživanja učinkovitosti flavonoida na molekularnoj razini. Cytotoxicity of Polyphenolic/Flavonoid Compounds in a Leukaemia Cell Culture Flavonoid components of propolis are biologically active substances with antioxidative, immunostimulative, immunomodulative, and anti-inflamatory properties. The aim of the study was to investigate their cytotoxic effect on different leukaemia cell lines. For this purpose we used five different flavonoids (quercetin, caffeic acid, chrysin, naringenin, and naringin) and five types of leukemia cell lines (MOLT, JURKAT, HL-60, RAJI and U937). Cells were cultured at 37 °C in the RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FCS in humified atmosphere with 5% of CO2. Flavonoids were added in the following concentrations: 100 μg mL-1, 50 μg mL-1, 25 μg mL-1, or 12.5 μg mL-1. The results show different dose- and cell-type-dependent cytotoxicity. Among the flavonoids, quercetin showed the strongest cytotoxic effect in all cell lines. Caffeic acid and chrisyn also expressed a high level of cytotoxicty. Treatment of U937 and HL-60 cell lines with low concentrations of chrisyn or naringenin stimulated cell proliferation. These results suggest a biphase effect of the tested compounds on monocyte cell lines. Cytotoxicity and growth stimulation mechanisms caused directly by flavonoids should further be investigated on the molecular level.
Aphasia in acute stroke

3 SUMMARY IN SWEDISH . 4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . 5 ABBREVIATIONS . 6 CONTENTS. 7 INTRODUCTION. 8 Stroke etiology . 8 Atrial fibrillation . 8 Aphasia assessment. 9 Recovery . 10 Recovery mechanism. 11 Gender. 11 Other cognitive impairment . 11 Pharmacological interventions. 12 Speech and language therapy. 12 Aphasia and depression. 13 AIMS OF THE PROJECT . 15 PATIENTS AND METHODS . 16 Study populations. 16 Methods. 16 Assessment of aphasia . 17 Other tests . 18 Treatment methods. 18 Statistical methods . 19 RESULTS . 21 Atrial fibrillation . 21 Inclusion. 22 Hospital stay. 22 Recovery . 23 Evolution. 24 Predicting prognosis. 25 Neuropsychological tests . 25 Effect of drug treatment . 26 Feasibility of DSM-IV diagnosis of depression. 26 Feasibility of the depression rating scales . 26 Presence of depression and emotionalism . 27 GENERAL DISCUSSION . 28 Future implications . 31 CONCLUSIONS . 33 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 34 REFERENCES. 36
Biopsy-proven orbital lesions in Turkey:A survey of 1092 cases over 30 years

1092 biopsy proven orbital lesions were seen during 1963-1993. Secondary tumors were the most frequent type of lesion, accounting for 533 cases (48.9%). Cystic lesions accounted for 128 cases (11.8%), inflammatory masses (pseudotumors) for 109 cases (10%), muscle-tissue tumors for 72 cases (6.6%), vascular lesions for 63 cases (5.8%), lymphoma and leukemias for 55 cases (5%), gliomas and meningiomas for 37 cases (3.4%), other mesenchymal tumors for 32 cases (2.9%), peripheral nerve tumors for 16 cases (1.5%), metastatic tumors for nine cases (0.8%), other lesions for four cases (0.4%) and primary orbital melanoma for three cases (0.3%). The most frequent primary benign orbital tumor in adults is cavernous hemangioma and the most common primary malignant orbital tumor in adulthood are the various lymphoid tumors. The most frequent primary benign orbital lesion in children is dermoid cysts and the most common primary malignant lesion is rhabdomyosarcoma. Overall, the commonest primary benign and malignant l.
Active euthanasia in The Netherlands.

Active euthanasia in the Netherlands remains a topic for both professional and public debate. However, many aspects of the medical practice of active euthanasia remain unclear, and no figures on the actual incidence of this practice exist. Legally, active euthanasia is a criminal offense, but a pattern of jurisprudence has developed since the first court case in 1973 that has allowed physicians to practice euthanasia under certain strict conditions. Two proposals, one from the Royal Dutch Medical Association and one from a government-appointed state commission, have advised that the current law be changed. While the debate continues, a number of Dutch institutions have developed procedures and policies to enable physicians and health care providers to participate in active euthanasia in an acceptable and controllable manner. However, many Dutch physicians remain uncomfortable with the professional and public tolerance of this practice. (JAMA. 1989;262:3316-3319)
Increasing Children’s School Time Physical Activity Using Structured Fitness Breaks

Fifth-grade students’ physical activity levels were examined via heart rate telemetry and pedometry during school fitness and recess breaks. Twenty-seven students with a mean age of 11.03 (-.32) years participated in morning recess (MR), lunch recess (LR), and fitness breaks (FB) for three days. Structured FB’s consisted of students engaging in locomotor and nonlocomotor activities within an obstacle course framework, while recess breaks followed a traditional model. Results from repeated measures ANOVAs indicated students engaged in significantly more physical activity during FB than MR and LR. Fitness breaks provided a viable method for increasing children’s school time activity levels.
Preliminary outcome of treatment of postoperative primarily closed sternotomy wounds treated using negative pressure wound therapy.

UNLABELLED Hospital infections, and in particular infections of the surgical site are a common problem of the procedural departments. Due to continuous progress of surgical techniques and patient population getting older with multiple co-morbidities, multidirectional actions need to be taken to avoid these infections or, if they do occur, achieve optimal treatment outcomes. Vacuum wound therapy is one of the directions that has been developed over the recent years. The aim of the study evaluate wound healing in patients after an off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting procedure, using the internal mammary artery, treated with negative pressure wound therapy system. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective, open label study evaluated healing of postoperative sternotomy wounds after their primary closure with negative pressure wound therapy, using continuous negative pressure of -80 mmHg in 40 patients and 40 patients in a control group in whom conventional dressings were applied in the postoperative period. RESULTS The number of patients in whom primary wound healing occurred without complications was significantly higher in the negative pressure wound therapy group versus the control group (x2 test =4.50, p=0.0339) and the number of total superficial infections was significantly smaller versus the control group (x2 test =5; p=0.0254). Antibiotic therapy was also initiated significantly less often as compared to the group treated with conventional dressings (x2 test = 4.11; p=0.0425). CONCLUSIONS Negative pressure wound therapy after primary wound closure reduces the risk of superficial infections in the population with multiple risk factors of complications in the sternotomy wound healing.
Assessment of maximum tolerated dose of a new herbal drug, Semelil (ANGIPARSTM) in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A Phase I clinical trial

Background and the purpose of the study: In many cases of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) management, wound healing is incomplete, and wound closure and epithelial junctional integrity are rarely achieved. Our aim was to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of Semelil (ANGIPARS TM ), a new herbal compound for wound treatment in a Phase I clinical trial. Methods: In this open label study, six male diabetic patients with a mean age of 57±7.6 years were treated with escalating intravenous doses of Semelil, which started at 2 cc/day to 13.5 cc/day for 28 days. Patients were assessed with a full physical exam; variables which analyzed included age, past history of diabetes and its duration, blood pressure, body temperature, weight, characteristics of DFU, Na, K, liver function test, Complete Blood Count and Differential(CBC & diff), serum amylase, HbA1c, PT, PTT, proteinuria, hematuria, and side effects were recorded. All the measurements were taken at the beginning of treatment, the end of week 2 and week 4. We also evaluated Semelil’s side effects at the end of weeks 4 and 8 after ending therapy. Results and major conclusions: Up to the drug dose of 10 cc/day foot ulcer dramatically improved. We did not observe any clinical or laboratory side effects at this or lower dose levels in diabetic patients. With daily dose of 13.5 cc of Semelil we observed phlebitis at the infusion site, which was the only side effect. Therefore, in this study we determined the MTD of Semelil at 10 cc/day, and the only DLT was phlebitis in injection vein. The recommended dose of Semelil I.V. administration for Phase II studies was 4 cc/day.
Evidence-based practice and the management of risk in nursing

This paper examines how nurses manage research evidence of risk in practice policy. Groups of specialist nurses were observed during the construction of consensus guidelines for three common nursing tasks. The process of interpreting and using research evidence included perceiving and prioritizing outcomes, evaluating their likely impact for patients and staff, and determining an acceptable balance of risk, cost and benefit for multiple contexts and stakeholder groups. The study illustrates some of the unarticulated rules of risk management in nursing, which were powerful mediators in the uptake and interpretation of research. The implications of these frames of reference are discussed in relation to the promotion of evidence-based nursing practice.
First report on molecular identification and fenbendazole resistance against Baylisascaris transfuga infection in Melursus ursinus (sloth bear)

SummaryBased on morphometric findings and polymerase chain reaction amplification of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITSs), the worms and eggs retrieved from sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) kept at Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Zoological Park, Chhatbir (Punjab, India) were delineated as Baylisascaris transfuga. Therapeutic intervention with fenbendazole à 10 mg/kg body weight for three consecutive days, associated with complete disinfection of the enclosures, proved to be effective for the first few days with the reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces from 2800 (zero day) to 400 (14.28 %), 700 (25 %) and 800 (28.57 %) on days 1, 4 and 7 post treatments, respectively. The intensity of EPG increased to 2400 (85.71 %) on day 21 post treatment with respect to day zero. A modified schedule with fenbendazole à 15 mg/kg body weight for first three days followed by 10 mg/kg body weight for next three days proved to be effective thus indicating the development of resistance. The study places on record the molecular characterisation of B. transfuga from sloth bears and development of resistance against fenbendazole.
Cadmium and hypertension in exposed workers: A meta-analysis

ObjectivesIn the general population, cadmium seems to be responsible for hypertension, atherosclerosis and an increase in acute coronary events. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze controlled studies conducted on cadmium and arterial pressure in occupationally-exposed workers.Materials and MethodsAfter analyzing all the relevant articles found in the literature, 6 publications were selected.ResultsA higher prevalence of hypertension and higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded in the exposed subjects.ConclusionsCadmium in occupationally-exposed individuals appears to induce an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in the prevalence of hypertension.
The efficacy of physical activity interventions within mental health services: Anxiety and depressive disorders

Abstract Previous reviews of the literature concerning physical activity interventions have involved widely defined clinical populations, rather than focusing on studies conducted on subjects referred to specialist mental health services. The current review examines the efficacy of physical activity as a treatment intervention for out- and in-patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. The discussion covers comparison of outcomes between different types of physical activity interventions and between physical activity and other therapies. Implications for mental health services are explored and further research questions raised.
Non-communicable diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: Prevalence, risk factors and community-based prevention

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) lead to substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. The most common NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. With the rapid increase in NCD-related deaths in Asia Pacific countries, NCDs are now the major cause of deaths and disease burden in the region. NCDs hamper achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). People in the low socio-economic group are most affected by NCDs as they have poor access to policies, legislations, regulations and healthcare services meant to combat NCDs. This results in loss of productivity by a decreasing labor force with implications at the macroeconomic level. The 3 major NCDs in the Asia Pacific region are CVDs, cancer and diabetes due to the increasing loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs). The 4 major behavioral risk factors for NCDs are: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity and unhealthy diet. The underlying risk factors are urbanization, globalization, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and hypertension. Strategies to combat NCDs in the Asia Pacific region are as follows: population-based dietary salt reduction, health education, psychological interventions, i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational-interviewing, taxation and bans on tobacco-related advertisements, implementing smoke-free zones and surveillance by the World Health Organization. Control measures must focus on prevention and strengthening inter-sectorial collaboration.
Metalloantibiotics: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of bismuth-fluoroquinolone complexes against Helicobacter pylori

Metalloantibiotics: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of bismuth-fluoroquinolone complexes against Helicobacter pylori Novel organometallic compounds have been prepared by complexing the fluoroquinolones, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, lomefloxacin, pefloxacin and gatifloxacin, with bismuth. The complexes were characterized by UV, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry. Their antibacterial potential against Helicobacter pylori and other microorganisms was investigated. These compounds were found to possess strong activity against Helicobacter pylori with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 mg L-1. They also exhibited moderate activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These bismuth-fluoroquinolone complexes have the potential to be developed as drugs against H. pylori related ailments. Metaloantibiotici: Sinteza, karakterizacija i antimikrobno djelovanje kompleksa fluorokinolona s bizmutom na Helicobacter pylori Komplesacijom fluorokinolona, norfloksacina, ofloksacina, ciprofloksacina, sparfloksacina, lomefloksacina, pefloksacina i gatifloksacina s bizmutom pripravljeni su novi organometalni spojevi. Dobiveni kompleksi karakterizirani su UV, IR i atomskom apsorpcijskom spektroskopijom, elementarnom analizom, diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom, termogravimetrijskom analizom i spektrometrijom masa. Nadalje, ispitivan je njihov učinak na Helicobacter pylori i druge mikroorganizme. Ispitivani spojevi pokazuju snažno djelovanje na Helicobacter pylori u koncentraciji 0,5 mg L-1 te umjereno djelovanje na Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus i Staphylococcus epidermidis. Kompleksi fluorokinolona s bizmutom potencijalni su lijekovi za infekcije uzrokovane H. pylori.
Do medical treatments increase the risk of substance abuse in older people with dementia

Abstract The current study aims to determine the association between medical treatments and the risk of substance abuse in the elderly with dementia. The research was conducted on Malaysian elderly who were demented and non-institutionalized. The study was a national cross sectional survey that included 1210 non-institutionalized Malaysian elderly with dementia. The Multiple Logistic Regression Model was applied to predict the risk of substance abuse in respondents. The prevalence of substance abuse was approximately 57.9% among subjects. Furthermore, medical treatment (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.37–2.59), ethnic non-Malay (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12–1.84) and male sex (OR = 4.64; 95% CI: 3.42–6.29) significantly increased substance abuse after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. The results showed that age, marital status and educational level did not predict significantly the risk of substance abuse in samples (p > 0.05). It was concluded that male sex, medical treatment and ethnic non-Malay can increase the risk of substance abuse in the older people with dementia.