Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of differences across port state control regimes by means of correspondence analysis

This article is based on a combined dataset of 183,819 port state control (PSC) inspections from various port state control regimes around the world. In theory, there should be no differences in treatments of inspections to determine if a vessel is substandard or not no matter where the inspection was performed. This article uses correspondence analysis in order to investigate whether there are differences and if so, visualizes them for easier interpretation. The results of this analysis confirm that treatment of vessels across port state control regimes differ although some groupings of regimes across the ownership groups can be found. Association can be found between the Paris MoU and the Vina del Mar Agreement and between the Caribbean MoU and the Indian Ocean MoU while the USCG and AMSA are always apart from the rest. With respect to the distribution of deficiency codes towards regimes, only areas such as structural safety, radio communications or safety and cargo operational areas show similarities while ISM related deficiencies only show strong association with one regime. The differences clearly show that there is room for harmonization across port state control inspections in all inspection areas. Harmonization could be achieved by increasing cooperation amongst the regimes. A good starting point would be the acceleration of the harmonization of inspection procedures, combined training of port state control officers and the use of combined datasets across regimes, in particular in the concept of the development of the Global Integrated Ship Information System (GISIS) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
Quality of Plain Set Yoghurt as affected by Levels of Ultrafiltration Concentration of Milk and Inoculum of Yoghurt Culture

Quality of plain set yoghurt was investigated by varying levels of ultrafiltration concentration of cow skim milk (1-without ultrafiltration, 1.5 and 2 folds) and inoculum (2, 2.5 and 3%) of yoghurt culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus 1:1). Titratable acidity development and pH reduction were significantly faster during incubation of yoghurt with increasing ultrafiltration concentration level and inoculum level. Increased ultrafiltration concentration level decreased spontaneous whey syneresis, but increased water holding capacity and firmness of the product significantly. Body & texture and overall acceptability scores were significantly better in yoghurts prepared from 1.5 fold concentrated milk irrespective of the inoculum level studied. Inoculum level did not show any significant effect on the quality of yoghurt, but higher inoculum level decreased the incubation period significantly. Optimized product was obtained with 1.5 fold concentrated skim milk standardized to 3.3% fat and incubated with 2% inoculum level in about five and a half hour of incubation. Optimized product had 13.60±0.02% total solids, 3.31±0.01% fat, 5.27±0.04% protein, 4.20±0.03% lactose and 0.82±0.02% ash. Whey syneresis, water holding capacity and firmness in optimized product were nil, 63.49% and 1.89 N, respectively. Thus, high quality plain yoghurt could be prepared by employing ultrafiltration, without addition of stabilizers, which is otherwise widely used commercially for the manufacture of yoghurt to control its wheying off and body.
The Management Practices Associated With Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Large Scale Dairy Farms in Thuringia-Germany 1: Environmental Factors Associated With Prevalence of mastitis

3 Abstract: The present field study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the udder health status of dairy cows in Thuringia-Germany. A total of 64542 udder quarter and whole milk samples of which 56950 were udder quarter samples and 7592 were whole milk samples, from 10741 dairy cows in 48 dairy farms in the state of Thuringia were collected and subjected to microbiological investigations. The prevalence of infection was 27.57% of the quarters and 49.59% of the whole milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most frequently isolated contagious pathogens. W hereas, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Esculin Positive Streptococci (EPS, environmental pathogens), showed a prevalence in the udder and udder quarter samples of 12.90/13.90% and 9.0/10.60% respectively. The study found that the risk of developing mastitis was increased when the attacking pathogen was contagious (p < 0.001; OR, 3.11), in small herds (p< 0.001; OR, 2.91) and in purchased heifers (p< 0.001; OR, 2.97). Cows in early stage of lactation as well as summer calving cows were at higher risk of developing mastitis (OR, 2.64 and 2.51 respectively).
Effect of phosphorus fertilization on yield and quality of onion bulbs

Obtaining information about the onion responses to different doses of phosphorus can contribute to optimizing the use of fertilizers and consequently make the activity more profitable with less impact on the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different phosphorus doses on yield and quality of onion bulbs. The design of the experiment was in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were seven phosphorus doses 0.00; 33.75; 67.50; 101.25; 135.00 and 168.75 kg ha-1 P2O5. The application of 168.75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 provided the maximum yield commercial of bulbs, gross income, net income, rate of return and profitability rate in onion crops. However, there was no effect on the quality of the bulbs. Key words: Allium cepa L. , plant nutrition, fertigation, phosphate fertilizer, pungency.
FLOW TURBULENCE OVER MOBILE GRAVEL-BED: SPECTRAL SCALING AND COHERENT STRUCTURES

The turbulence structure of high Reynolds number, quasi-2-D flow with a weakly mobile gravel bed is considered, with particular focus on velocity spectra and bursting events from quadrant analysis. A four-range scaling model for velocity auto-spectra and co-spectra is discussed and tested. It is suggested that eddy clusters revealed using quadrant analysis contribute to the energy production, low wave -number region in velocity spectra, while individual bursting events contribute to the “–1” scaling region of intermediate wave numbers where energy production and cascade energy transfer co-exist. Possible relations between spectral scaling and coherent structures are briefly discussed.
Ancient feeding, ecology and extinction of Pleistocene horses from the Pampean Region, Argentina

Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Iberoamericana, Spain - Argentina (2000-2001) and CSIC 2002; Projects PB94-0071, PB97- 1250, and BTE2001-1864 from the Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica of Spain; grants from the Universidad Nacional del Centro, and the CONICET Project PIP- 2000-02773, Argentina.
USE OF SYNBIOTIC PREPARATIONS IN TURKEY DIETS AND THEIR EFFECT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE

Giedrius Buteikis, Paulius Matusevicius, Algirdas Januskevicius, Jan Jankowski, Dariusz Mikulski, Joanna Blok, Krzysztof Kozlowski Department of Animal Husbandry, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Tilžės str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas; phone : +370 37 36 35 05, Email: buteikis@lva.lt Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Tilžės str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas; phon. : +370 37 36 34 08, E-mail: jalgis@lva.lt Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, , M. Oczapowskiego str. 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Phone:+48 89 523-33-23, fax:+48 89 523-34-18, E-mail : janj@uwm.edu. pl
THE FREQUENCY OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI GENERA IN POULTRY FEED

Feed contamination to fungi can lead to nutrient losses and detrimental effects on animal health and production. The aim of this study was to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds during two year period. A total of 230 samples of poultry feeds in 2007 and 235 samples in 2008 were examined for total fungi count and the frequency of pathogenic fungi genera. Total fungi count was 1-9 x 10 4 cfu g -1 in the most of investigated poultry feed samples (38.26% and 45.53% in 2007 and 2008, respectively). In comparison of the average total fungi count in samples of poultry feed from two investigation years no statistically significant differences were established. The prevalent fungi genera were Fusarium (56.09 and 63.40%) and Aspergillus (54.35 and 73.62%), followed by Rhizopus (40 and 62.98%), Penicillium (30.87 and 48.09%), Mucor (30.04 and 31.49%) and the least frequently species were from genus Alternaria, 3.48% and 17.02% in 2007 and 2008, respectively.
Influence of Deposition Time on the Microstructure and Transport Properties of CdO Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

Transparent thin films of CdO has been deposited on to glass substrates employing chemical bath deposition. The prepared films are reproducible, adherent to the substrate, pinhole free and uniform. Amongst the different process parameters, the deposition time plays a significant role in obtaining device quality transparent CdO thin films. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that the thin films are polycrystalline in nature with cubic phase with a cell constant of a = 4.638 A. The surface morphology of the prepared CdO thin films was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The films deposited at 24 hrs exhibited highest optical transmittivity (＞80%) and the direct band gap energy was found to vary from 2.50 to 2.91 eV with a rise deposition time from 6 to 30 hrs. The electrical resitivity variations of these films were measured in the temperature range between 30°C and 150°C by four-probe technique.
Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics Dark Pool Trading Strategies, Market Quality and Welfare

We show that when a continuous dark pool is added to a limit order book that opens illiquid, book and consolidated ll rates and volume increase, but spread widens, depth declines, and welfare deteriorates. The adverse e¤ects on market quality and welfare are mitigated when book-liquidity builds but so are the positive e¤ects on trading activity. All e¤ects are stronger when tradersvaluations are less dispersed, access to the dark pool is greater, horizon is longer, and relative tick size larger. JEL classi cation: G10, G20, G24, D40 Keywords: dark pool, limit order book, trading strategies We thank Bruno Biais, Hans Degryse, Dan Li, Albert Menkveld, Maureen OHara, Sugata Ray, Gideon Saar, and in particular Duane Seppi and an anonymous referee for extremely useful comments as well as participants at 6th Early Career Women in Finance Conference (2010), 4th IIROC DeGroote Conference on Market Structure and Market Integrity (2010), Northern Finance Association Meeting (2010), Western Finance Association Meeting (2011), European Finance Association Meeting (2011), Vanderbilt Conference on Institutional Investors and Price E¢ ciency (2013), Econometric Society European Meeting (2014), Financial Intermediation Research Society Conference (2015), and seminar participants at Bocconi University, Toulouse University and Toronto University. The usual disclaimer applies. We acknowledge nancial support from IGIER, Bocconi University. yUniversity of Toronto, Rotman School of Management, 105 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3A6, Ontario, Canada, sabrina.buti@rotman.utoronto. ca zBocconi University and IGIER, Via G. Roentgen 1, 20136 Milan, Italy, barbara.rindi@unibocconi.it xCorresponding author. Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, 700 Fisher Hall, 2100 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S., Tel. :+1 (614) 292-6460, Fax: +1 (614) 292-7062, werner.47@osu.edu
Photoplethysmogram second derivative review: Analysis and applications

Photoplethysmogram (PPG) and its second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) are simple and low cost optical techniques for detecting and tracking blood volume changes. The PPG waveform and its SDPTG have been used by many scholars to obtain valuable information about heart and cardiovascular system. Since PPG and SDPTG reflect blood volume changes, much work has been done on its application as a diagnostic tool for screening arterial structure and its related diseases and disorders. In this article, we first provide a short review of the effects of atherosclerosis in losing arterial elasticity. Secondly, we introduce the PPG waveform and discuss in details the analysis methods and applications of its SDPTG waveform. Finally, we demonstrate links between elastic properties of arteries, atherosclerosis, PPG and SDPTG. The main focus of the review is on the analysis methods and applications of SDPTG. Key words: Photoplethysmogram (PPG), second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG), atherosclerosis, aging, arterial stiffness, distensibility, morphological changes, endothelial function.
Effects on dairy cow urine volume and N metabolism at different K intake levels.

Dairy cow rations may vary considerably in their concentration of several macrominerals. This is due both to ration composition and to variation within a certain feed type. Within the grasslegume forages, there is a large variation in especially potassium content. For the 20000 Swedish farm samples of grass-clover silage (Feed code 165) contained in the current Norfor Feedstuff table, K concentrations range from about 10 to 33 g/kg DM, when expressed as mean ± 2 standard deviations. These variations have implications for the metabolism of dairy cows, as they affect the liquid turnover and could be expected to give rise to secondary effects because of increased water intake and urine volume. Increased urine volume is associated with decreased milk urea concentration (De Campenere et al., 2006; Spek et al., 2012).
Validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) for Securities Trading at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)

This research undertakes an empirical analysis of the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) for securities trading at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Based on the critical conditions of the CAPM model, the specific objectives of the research were: to evaluate the level of systematic risks for firms listed on the NSE, to evaluate the rate of return for individual stocks listed on the NSE, to evaluate the rate of return for the NSE, to analyze the relationship between systematic risk and expected returns for firms listed on the NSE, and to evaluate the value of the intercept term for firms listed on the NSE. Fama & Macbeth’s two-pass regression method is applied to a sample of eighteen firms trading at the NSE, with the most recent data (May 2013 –May 2016) being used. By virtue of finding a beta value that is statistically different from zero, the study concludes that the CAPM is not a valid model for explaining risk-return relationships at the NSE. Other critical conditions which the findings violate include: the hypothesized linear risk-return relationship, and the hypothesized zero value for the intercept. Some of the failures of the CAPM are attributed to its theoretical failings, and specifically, its many unrealistic and simplifying assumptions. Although this study addresses the methodological weaknesses of prior studies by basing analysis on portfolios rather than individual stocks (thus correcting measurement error problems) and carrying out month-by-month cross-section regression (thus correcting residual errors); the methodology adopted still fails to account for anomalies in asset pricing. Therefore, in addition to recommending that future studies adopt methodologies that account for pricing anomalies, this study also recommends that future studies consider expanding the number of firms to study as well as the period of study. This can help to generate more observations, and therefore, better data fit.
Natural gas hydrates on the continental slope off Pakistan: constraints from seismic techniques

SUMMARY In October 1997, new vertical-incidence, wide-angle reflection and refraction data were obtained on the convergent continental margin oV Pakistan. The most prominent feature across the entire margin into the Gulf of Oman is a bottom simulating reflector (BSR). This reflection generally coincides with the depth predicted for the base of the gas hydrate stability field. On the accretionary prism the BSR is a clear reflection with inverse polarity, and strata beneath the BSR show enhanced reflectivities, suggesting that gas is trapped between stratigraphic layers. Joint inversion of wide-angle and refraction data yielded a ~200 m thick low-velocitiy zone at BSR depth. Using the Born expansion, band-limited impedance logs were calculated from deconvolved and scaled single-channel data, suggesting that velocity at the BSR drops by ~200 m s’1. Some 40 km towards the coast, CDP4400 of Minshull & White (1989) yielded a velocity inversion of about 600 m s’1, indicating that BSR characteristics vary significantly across the continental margin oV Pakistan. Beneath the Gulf the BSR was sampled at a similar subbottom depth, where seismic bright spots occur. However, its reflection amplitude is unusually low and seismic stratigraphy beneath the BSR did not show enhanced reflectivities. Joint traveltime inversion of wide-angle and refraction data revealed continuously increasing velocities, suggesting that an adequate supply of methane for forming free gas and gas hydrate is mainly confined to sediments incorporated into the accretionary prism. We believe that these variations are related to an evolutionary process due to tectonic uplift and ongoing sedimentation as sediments are incorporated into the accretionary prism. Sedimentation and uplift produce an upward migration of isotherms and therefore lead to a dissociation of gas hydrates, which releases methane gas and thus causes an enhancement of the BSR. Our survey imaged BSR properties of the abyssal plain and within the first slope basin at water depths of 3300 m and 2490 m, respectively. CDP4400 was located farther landwards at a depth of 1730 m within a buried and uplifted and hence more evolved slope basin. We therefore suggest that, in the accretionary wedge, tectonic uplift and ongoing sedimentation cause hydrate recycling by upward migration of the stability field. In addition, tectonic dewatering may accumulate hydrate at the base of the stability field by advection of methane from depth.
Acoustic Analysis of Front Vowels /Ɛ/ and /æ/ in Pakistani Punjabi English

The current research is done for the verification of two different claims. According to Kachru, (2005) that Punjabi English speakers are unable to create distinction between /Ɛ/ and /ae/ front vowels but Bilal et al. (2011) has refused this claim after verifying it in the speech of Punjabi speakers of Sargodha, Pakistan. If Bilal is right than there is a big need to study this claim in broader perspective. Therefore, in the current research, 9720 utterances (of 72 native Punjabi speakers from 12 districts of Punjab, Pakistan) are recorded and analyzed in PRAAT software. Data analysis is done in two steps i.e., (i) auditory analysis is done by listening wave files and (ii) acoustic analysis is based on the measurement of first three formant values (F1, F2, F3) and vowels’ duration. The results clarify that Pakistani Punjabi English speakers have maintained difference in short and long, stressed and unstressed articulation at word initial and medial positions. But the limited number of Lahori Punjabians could not maintain this difference at word medial position only. Consequently, this research highly supports Bilal’s claim in broader perspective but we cannot totally deny Kachru’s claim. Because we have also find traces of /Ɛ/ and /ae/ merger in our data as well and the reason might be the selection of research sample.
Interannual variation in larval abundance and growth in snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Sparidae) is related to prey availability and temperature

Fish have complex life cycles that contribute to interannual variability in recruitment. The growth–mortality hypothesis has received broad acceptance as a driver of recruitment variability, with cohorts comprised of fast-growing large-at-age larvae having high larval survival and subsequent juvenile recruitment. Long-term monitoring in Port Phillip Bay, Australia, suggests that snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Sparidae) experience high variation in juvenile recruitment, which is closely related to variation in larval abundance. Using a 6 yr data set of snapper larval abundance, we assessed whether growth rate-dependent effects on larval survival were a driver of recruitment variation. Mean daily growth rates, estimated from otolith daily rings, were positively correlated with larval abundances, with higher abundance in 3 of the 6 years characterised by both higher larval growth rates and increased 0-age survival. Daily growth trajectories diverged among higher and lower abundance years early in development. Increased availability of copepod nauplii prey and higher temperatures best explained the interannual variation in larval growth. Fast growth in years of higher larval abundance, and a link between prey production, temperature and fast larval growth, support the importance of the larval stage to recruitment dynamics of marine fish populations.
Influence of annual ryegrass seed retention height on harvest weed seed control (HWSC) and harvest efficiency

Michael J. Walsh1, John C. Broster2, Charlotte Aves3 and Stephen B. Powles4 1 I.A. Watson Grains Research Centre, University of Sydney, 12656 Newell Highway, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia 2 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia 3 Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Nalinga Road, Dookie, Victoria 3647, Australia 4 Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (m.j.walsh@sydney.edu.au)
Can the jamming transition be described using equilibrium statistical mechanics?

When materials such as foams or emulsions are compressed, they display solid behaviour above the so-called ‘jamming’ transition. Because compression is done out of equilibrium in the absence of thermal fluctuations, jamming appears as a new kind of a nonequilibrium phase transition. In this proceedings paper, we suggest that tools from equilibrium statistical mechanics can in fact be used to describe many specific features of the jamming transition. Our strategy is to introduce thermal fluctuations and use statistical mechanics to describe the complex phase behaviour of systems of soft repulsive particles, before sending the temperature to zero at the end of the calculation. We show that currently available implementations of standard tools such as integral equations, mode-coupling theory, or replica calculations all break down at low temperature and large density, but we suggest that new analytical schemes can be developed to provide a fully microscopic, quantitative description of the jamming transition.