Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status-Based Identity

Psychological research on socioeconomic status (SES) has grown significantly over the past decade. In this article, we build upon and integrate existing approaches to direct greater attention toward investigating the subjective meaning and value that people attach to understanding their own SES as an identity. We use the term status-based identity to organize relevant research and examine how people understand and make meaning of their SES from moment to moment in real time. Drawing from multiple areas of research on identity, we suggest that even temporary shifts in how people construe their status-based identities predict changes in thought, affect, motivation, and behavior. This novel focus is positioned to examine the psychological effects of status transitions (e.g., upward or downward mobility). Further, in initial empirical work, we introduce a new measure to assess uncertainty regarding one’s SES (i.e., status-based identity uncertainty) and offer evidence that greater uncertainty regarding one’s status-based identity is associated with lower individual well-being. In sum, we argue that insight from the literature on identity will both expand and serve to organize the burgeoning literature on the psychology of SES and, in so doing, reveal promising new directions for research.
Effects of sugammadex vs. pyridostigmine–glycopyrrolate on post‐operative nausea and vomiting: propensity score matching

Sugammadex is a new agent that reverses neuromuscular blockade by aminosteroid neuromuscular blocker. This retrospective study compared the effects of sugammadex on post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with those of a pyridostigmine–glycopyrrolate mixture.
Are POMC neurons targets for sex steroids in the arcuate nucleus of the rat?

Testosterone alters the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the neurons of the arcuate nucleus. While observations suggest that both estrogen and androgen receptors (AR) can mediate this action, only a negligible number of POMC neurons has previously been shown to contain estrogen receptor (ER)-α. To determine whether the putative action of testosterone is mediated via ER-β or AR we double immuno- labeled hypothalamic sections from colchicine-pretreated male rats. Only few cells were immunostained for ER-β and they were never found to co-localize POMC. In spite of the overlap in the anatomical distribution, only 3% of POMC cells appeared to contain AR. These results suggest that sex steroids have an indirect effect on most POMC neurons.
Regulation of the Atm promoter in vivo

While ATM, the protein defective in the human genetic disorder ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T), is primarily activated as a preexisting protein by radiation, there is also evidence that expression of the protein can be regulated at the transcriptional level. Activation of the ATM promoter by ionizing radiation has been reported only in quiescent cells in culture. To investigate how the Atm promoter is regulated in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that express the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the murine Atm promoter. Using a biophotonic imaging system luciferase activity was monitored in vivo. Strong promoter activity was detected throughout the transgenic animals with particularly high signals from the thymus, abdominal region, and reproductive organs. This activity further increased in response to both ionizing radiation and heat stress in a time dependent manner. Luciferase activity, measured in vitro in extracts from different tissues, showed highest activities in testes, ovaries, and cerebellum. Subjecting these mice to a single dose of 4 Gy total body radiation led to a time‐dependent activation of the promoter with the strongest response observed in the peritoneal membrane, skin, and spleen. For most tissues tested, maximal promoter activity was reached 8 hr after radiation. The observed changes in promoter activity largely correlated with levels and activity of Atm protein in tissue extracts. These results demonstrate that, in addition to activation by autophosphorylation, Atm can also be regulated in vivo at the transcriptional level possibly ensuring a more sustained response to radiation and other stimuli. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[The importance of social relationships for the association between social inequality and health among the aged].

OBJECTIVES To analyse whether the association between social inequality and health among the aged is mediated through social relationships (differential exposure hypothesis). Moreover, it is examined whether the association between social relationships and health is stronger in lower socio-economic groups (differential vulnerability hypothesis). METHODS The analyses are based on a telephone survey of 682 older people (> or = 60 years) living in a private household in Germany. Education, income and occupational status are utilised as indicators of the socio-economic status. Quantitative (social contacts) as well as qualitative indicators (emotional support) of social relationships are used. Respondents were asked how often they meet their friends and relatives. Emotional support was measured by an instrument assessing the availability of a confidant and the perceived adequacy of the emotional support received. Self-rated health, depression (CES-D) and functional limitations are introduced as health indicators. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analyses show that the mediating effect of social relationships on the association between socio-economic status and health (self-rated health, depression and functional limitations) among the aged is weak. Results concerning the differential health impact of social relationships in different socio-economic groups are inconsistent. DISCUSSION Results do not support the differential exposure hypothesis saying that social inequalities in health can be explained by social relationships. Results do not support the differential vulnerability hypothesis either as there is no evidence for a stronger association between social relationships and health in lower socio-economic groups.
Akt1 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptors and hedgehog signaling to increase stem/transit amplifying cells in the embryonic mouse cortex

A subset of precursors in the embryonic mouse cortex and in neurospheres expresses a higher level of the serine/threonine kinase Akt1 than neighboring precursors. We reported previously that the functional significance of high Akt1 expression was enhanced Akt1 activity, resulting in an increase in survival, proliferation, and self‐renewal of multipotent stem/transit amplifying cells. Akt1 can interact with a number of signaling pathways, but the extrinsic factors that are required for specific effects of elevated Akt1 expression have not been identified. In this study we addressed the contributions of signaling via epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hedgehog (Hh) receptors. In EGF receptor‐null precursors or following transient inhibition of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity, elevating Akt1 by retroviral transduction could still increase survival and proliferation but could not increase self‐renewal. We also found that elevated Akt1 expression induced the expression of EGF receptors (EGFRs) in wild‐type precursors. Several extrinsic factors, including Shh, can induce EGFR expression by cortical precursors, and we found that elevating Akt1 allowed them to respond to a subthreshold concentration of Shh to induce EGFRs. In precursors that lack the Hh receptor smoothened, however, elevating Akt1 did not increase EGFR expression or self‐renewal, though it could still stimulate proliferation. These findings suggest that a subset of precursors in the embryonic cortex that express an elevated level of Akt1 can respond to lower concentrations of Shh than neighboring precursors, resulting in an increase in their expression of EGFRs. Signaling via EGFRs is required for their self‐renewal. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 759–771, 2011
Combined Effect of Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin 20210A on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Factor V Leiden and factor II G20210A mutations are two frequent genetic risk factors involved in venous thromboembolism (VTE). The goal of this pooled analysis of 8 case-control studies, comprising a total of 2310 cases and 3204 controls, was to precisely estimate the risk of VTE in patients bearing both mutations (double heterozygotes). Odds ratios for VTE were 4.9 (95% CI; 4.1-5.9) for the factor V Leiden and 3.8 (3.0-4.9) for the factor II G20210A mutation. Fifty-one cases (2.2%) and none of the controls were double heterozygotes. The odds ratio for venous thrombosis in double heterozygotes was 20.0 (11.1-36.1). Twelve percent of patients heterozygous for factor V Leiden were also heterozygous for factor II G20210A and conversely 23% of patients heterozygous for factor II G20210A were also heterozygous for factor V Leiden. Furthermore, in this large population we analyzed the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) in women carrying one of these mutations. Odds ratio for VTE associated with OC was 2.29 (1.72-3.04). In factor V Leiden carriers using OC, the odds ratio for VTE was 10.25 (5.69-18.45). The odds ratio of the association of factor II mutation and OC use was 7.14 (3.39-15.04). Finally, we also confirmed that the frequency of factor V Leiden was lower in patients with pulmonary embolism than in patients with deep vein thrombosis without PE (odds ratio 0.69). Conversely, factor II G20210A mutation was equally balanced in both patient groups.
EVOLUTION OF PLANT POLLINATION SYSTEMS: HYPOTHESES AND TESTS WITH THE NEOTROPICAL VINE DALECHAMPIA

The results of pollination and mating‐system studies were integrated with a phylogenetic study of 40 Neotropical species of Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) to reconstruct the history of evolutionary change in pollination systems. The results of this analysis were treated as a hypothesis and tested for circularity problems and robustness in the face of changes in the data set. The historical hypothesis was used to make specific predictions about details of pollination ecology and reward biochemistry; the predictions were supported by independent observations. I conclude that pollination systems in Dalechampia have been evolutionarily labile, relative to most morphological features, with repeated parallelisms and reversals. Transitions among the three pollination systems evolved by Dalechampia (pollination by resin‐collecting bees, fragrance‐collecting male euglossine bees, and pollen‐collecting bees) have been facilitated by biochemical exaptation (preadaptation). Pollination by male euglossine bees is relatively rare in the genus but has originated independently three to four times. In contrast, pollination by resin‐collecting female bees is very common, but has originated only once. Eighty‐six to 97% of transitions between pollination systems involved an intermediate phase during which both old and new pollinators were effective, but 3 to 14% of transitions may have been “instantaneous,” lacking the intermediate phase. Clades of species secreting resin rewards are about 10 times as species rich as clades of species secreting fragrance rewards; circumstantial evidence suggests that different extinction rates may be responsible for this difference. Relatively allogamous (cross‐pollinating) species have evolved from more autogamous (self‐pollinating) species up to 13 times, and autogamous species have evolved from more allogamous ones up to 11 times. Species occurring in disturbed habitats are facultatively autogamous, whereas species of undisturbed habitats are often highly allogamous.
Circulating activated protein C is reduced in young survivors of myocardial infarction and inversely correlates with the severity of coronary lesions 1

Summary. Background: Cardiovascular risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) are less frequent in younger than in older MI survivors. Therefore, the thrombotic component of MI may play a more important role at a young age. As activated protein C (APC) provides systemic anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory protection, a low plasma APC level may be an arterial thrombotic risk factor. Aim: To determine whether there is an association between reduced APC levels and early MI and severe coronary lesions. Methods: APC was measured in 231 young MI survivors and 231 controls. Results: Low APC levels were significantly associated with MI. Compared with the fourth quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for APC values in the first quartile was 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1–6.4], and 3.2 (1.5–7.0) after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, each decrease of 0.43 ng mL−1 (1 SD) in APC increased the OR 1.7 times (1.4–2.2), and 1.5 times (1.2–1.9) after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Low APC levels were also associated with the number of coronary arteries affected and with the severity of coronary lesions (P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant association between low circulating APC levels and both early MI and the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis, which might be related to the anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory properties of APC.
MRAS Observers for Sensorless Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators

This paper addresses the analysis and performance of several model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observers for sensorless vector control of doubly-fed induction machines. Small signal models allow the formal analysis of the observers for a given dynamic. The performance of each MRAS observer is analyzed, considering grid-connected and stand-alone operation. The MRAS observers are implemented in a 3.5 kW experimental prototype composed of a doubly-fed induction generator and a wind turbine emulator. Experimental results validate the predictions of the small signal models and demonstrate the performance of the sensorless methods during both steady state and variable speed wind energy generation.
Ultrastructural Imaging of Endocytic Sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Immunolabeling

Abstract Defining the ultrastructure of endocytic sites and localization of endocytic proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by immunoelectron microscopy is central in understanding the mechanisms of membrane deformation and scission during endocytosis. We show that an improved sample preparation protocol based on high-pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and low-temperature embedding allows us to maintain the cellular fine structure and to immunolabel green fluorescent protein–tagged endocytic proteins or actin in the same sections. Using this technique we analyzed the stepwise deformation of endocytic membranes and immunolocalized the endocytic proteins Abp1p, Sla1p, Rvs167p, and actin, and were able to draw a clear ultrastructural distinction between endocytic sites and eisosomes by immunolocalizing Pil1p. In addition to defining the geometry and the fine structure of budding yeast endocytic sites, we observed associated actin filaments forming a cage-like meshwork around the endocytic membrane.
Explaining differences in charitable giving in Europe

s overige bijdragen workshops 186 2005). Table 1 displays the results for the individual and country level eects of religious denomination on giving. e results in table 1 show that the eects of individual religious denomination are largely in line with previous country specic ndings of the eect of religious denomination on incidence of giving (e.g., Hoge & Yang, 1994; Bekkers & Schuyt, 2008). People belonging to Protestant and smaller Christian religious denominations have the highest probability of making donations, followed by those with a Roman Catholic religious denomination and people with a non Christian religious denomination. People who indicate not belonging to a religious denomination have the lowest probability of making donations. When we consider the eects of religious context, we nd that people living in countries with a higher percentage of Protestants have a higher probability of making charitable donations. People living in countries with a higher percentage of Roman Catholics have a lower probability of making donations. us, not only individual religious denomination aects charitable giving, but also the religious context. at context does matter becomes even more clear when we consider the interactions between individual and country level religious denomination. e results support the hypothesis that members of religious groups give more when the group Figure 1. Percentage of households donating to charitable organizations (ESS, 2002; CID, 2005)
Anxiety disorder is associated with nocturnal and early morning hypertension with or without morning surge: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

BACKGROUND Nocturnal and early morning hypertension are both significant risk factors for cardiovascular events. It remains unclear whether anxiety disorder affects nocturnal blood pressure (BP), early morning BP, or BP pattern in hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and twenty consecutive hypertensive outpatients (77 men and 43 women; mean age, 66±11 years) were divided into 2 groups based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score: a control group (n=78; HADS ≤10) and an anxiety group (42 patients; HADS ≥11). Nocturnal BP, early morning BP, morning BP surge (defined as BP rise ≥50 mmHg), and BP pattern (extreme-dipper/dipper/non-dipper/riser) were measured on ambulatory BP monitoring. Clinical characteristics and BP were also evaluated at physician check-up. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for BP check-up, but nocturnal and early morning BP were significantly higher in the anxiety group (142±16 mmHg and 152±21 mmHg) than in the control group (126±14 mmHg and 141±18 mmHg). With regard to patients with morning BP surge, nocturnal and early morning BP were also significantly higher in the anxiety group. The relative risk of existing anxiety disorders in riser-type hypertension was 4.48-fold higher (95% confidence interval: 1.58-12.74; P<0.005) than in dipper-type hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety disorder is associated with nocturnal and early morning hypertension, and may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events.
Assessment of healthcare professionals' knowledge of managing emergency complications in patients with a tracheostomy.

BACKGROUND Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons perform the majority of surgical tracheostomies. Intensive care anaesthetists are increasingly performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy. The objectives of this study were to characterize emergency complications of tracheostomy and to ascertain healthcare professionals' knowledge of life-saving strategies for the patient with a tracheostomy. METHODS Seventy staff members in two large teaching hospitals completed an interview questionnaire, comprising a simple clinical scenario and unambiguous questions regarding the emergency management of patients with a tracheostomy. RESULTS There were significant gaps in knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding the management of specific tracheostomy-related emergencies. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of tracheostomy-related emergencies appears to be insufficient among non-ENT healthcare professionals. This needs to be addressed in order to maximize patient safety.
Genetic predisposition to iron overload: Prevalence and phenotypic expression of hemochromatosis‐associated HFE‐C282Y gene mutation

The most prevalent iron overload disorder is HFE-associated hereditary hemochromatosis, a recessive condition that affects about one in 200 Northern Europeans. Hereditary iron overload can cause parenchymal iron accumulation followed by organ damage and failure. At the dawn of the tenth anniversary of the discovery of the HFE gene and its main mutation (C282Y), much has been clarified; a great deal more has yet to be understood. Scandinavian countries are particularly affected by having one of the highest prevalence rates of the C282Y mutation world-wide. This review summarizes the findings from several Norwegian studies on the C282Y mutation. It also addresses the significance of its discovery in view of previous and ongoing international work in the field.
Related Party Transactions and Accounting Quality in Greece

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between related party transactions (RPTs) and accounting quality for the firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange. ,This paper compares accounting quality across two groups of firms. The first group contains firms that conduct material RPTs and the second group contains firms that do not conduct material RPTs. Accounting quality is measured using different proxies of earnings management. Four earnings management proxies are used, three metrics for earnings smoothing and one for managing earnings towards a target. ,The results of the current study do not suggest that firms with significant RPTs exhibit less accounting quality compared to non-RPTs firms. ,The results support the argument that RPTs are conventional transactions that are mainly conducted for business purposes. ,This paper contributes to the literature by examining the effect of RPTs on accounting quality in Greece and whether firms that conduct RPTs exhibit less accounting quality or not.
Spatial genetic structure of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in western Canada: historical patterns and contemporary dispersal

Environmental change has a wide range of ecological consequences, including species extinction and range expansion. Many studies have shown that insect species respond rapidly to climatic change. A mountain pine beetle epidemic of record size in North America has led to unprecedented mortality of lodgepole pine, and a significant range expansion to the northeast of its historic range. Our goal was to determine the spatial genetic variation found among outbreak population from which genetic structure, and dispersal patterns may be inferred. Beetles from 49 sampling locations throughout the outbreak area in western Canada were analysed at 13 microsatellite loci. We found significant north‐south population structure as evidenced by: (i) Bayesian‐based analyses, (ii) north‐south genetic relationships and diversity gradients; and (iii) a lack of isolation‐by‐distance in the northernmost cluster. The north‐south structure is proposed to have arisen from the processes of postglacial colonization as well as recent climate‐driven changes in population dynamics. Our data support the hypothesis of multiple sources of origin for the outbreak and point to the need for population specific information to improve our understanding and management of outbreaks. The recent range expansion across the Rocky Mountains into the jack/lodgepole hybrid and pure jack pine zones of northern Alberta is consistent with a northern British Columbia origin. We detected no loss of genetic variability in these populations, indicating that the evolutionary potential of mountain pine beetle to adapt has not been reduced by founder events. This study illustrates a rapid range‐wide response to the removal of climatic constraints, and the potential for range expansion of a regional population.