Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-modal processing of voices and faces in developmental prosopagnosia and developmental phonagnosia

ABSTRACT Conspecifics can be recognized from either the face or the voice alone. However, person identity information is rarely encountered in purely unimodal situations and there is increasing evidence that the face and voice interact in neurotypical identity processing. Conversely, developmental deficits have been observed that seem to be selective for face and voice recognition, developmental prosopagnosia and developmental phonagnosia, respectively. To date, studies on developmental prosopagnosia and phonagnosia have largely centred on within modality testing. Here, we review evidence from a small number of behavioural and neuroimaging studies which have examined the recognition of both faces and voices in these cohorts. A consensus from the findings is that, when tested in purely unimodal conditions, voice-identity processing appears normal in most cases of developmental prosopagnosia, as does face-identity processing in developmental phonagnosia. However, there is now first evidence that the multisensory nature of person identity impacts on identity recognition abilities in these cohorts. For example, unlike neurotypicals, auditory-only voice recognition is not enhanced in developmental prosopagnosia for voices which have been previously learned together with a face. This might also explain why the recognition of personally familiar voices is poorer in developmental prosopagnosics, compared to controls. In contrast, there is evidence that multisensory interactions might also lead to compensatory mechanisms in these disorders. For example, in developmental phonagnosia, voice recognition may be enhanced if voices have been learned with a corresponding face. Taken together, the reviewed findings challenge traditional models of person recognition which have assumed independence between face-identity and voice-identity processing and rather support an audio-visual model of human communication that assumes direction interactions between voice and face processing streams. In addition, the reviewed findings open up novel empirical research questions and have important implications for potential training regimes for developmental prosopagnosia and phonagnosia.
Influence of nutrients and light on autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic freshwater chrysophytes

Supplement. Additional figures: Fig. S1 shows the correlation of optical density measurements and bacterial cell densities, Figs S2 & S6 show micrographs of Dinobryon divergens algal cells under different conditions, Fig. S3 shows additional growth curves of D. divergens, Figs. S4 & S5 present additional controls regarding feeding experiments of D. divergens with bacteria and Fig. S7 shows additional growth curves of the alga Poterioochromonas malhamensis
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates hormone and osmotic equilibrium of Lycium barbarum L . under salt stress

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance salt tolerance of host plants via multiple mechanisms, but their effect on hormone mediated tolerance is unclear. The influence of AMF on hormone regulation and osmotic adjustment of Lycium barbarum L. (Goji) under salt stress was evaluated. AMF enhanced indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and roots and abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves of Goji growing in saline soils. These changes resulted in enhanced osmotic adjustment in mycorrhizal plants, leading to higher leaf water potential despite saline conditions. AM symbiosis improved photosynthesis under 100 mM salt level and stimulated the growth of Goji plants, especially for roots under salt stress. These results enhance our understanding on how AMF contribute to salt tolerance of host plants via hormone regulation and highlight its promising role for sustaining crop production as bio-ameliorator.
Intimate Partner Violence and Child Custody

• Studies indicate limitations regarding ways in which some family court practitioners account for intimate partner violence (IPV) in postseparation parenting arrangements. • Child custody and visitation arrangements that do not adequately consider IPV may have negative implications for victims and children. • Existing research provides some indications for how to most appropriately handle child custody cases involving a history of IPV, though much additional study is needed.
Quarterly Progress and Status Report Learning to interpret sociodialectial cues

This study examines a single aspect of native speaker competence. The questions addressed here are: how well can a given non-native speaker perceive dzflerences between dialects of Swedish? How well can native speakers of Swedish perceive this kind of variation? Does a long period of residence in Sweden and an apparently excellent command of the Swedish language imply that an immigrant's ability to place native speakers geographically approaches native standard? Is there an upper limit for how good non-native listeners can be, or can they approach
Damage Identification in Unbonded Tendons for Post-tensioned Bridges

The use of flexible fillers in lieu of cement grout in post-tensioned bridges enables the application of new methods for detecting tendon damage. This paper presents two distinct monitoring approaches based on the anchor response and compares their effectiveness in wire breakage detection. The first method captures the static response of the strand to wire breaks through the change in strain distribution in anchors. The second method relies on the change in dynamic characteristics of the broken strand by detecting the shift in strand’s natural frequencies after each wire break. The feasibility of these two methods have been separately investigated by analytical and experimental studies. To facilitate autonomous tendon monitoring, an efficient data processing algorithm has been developed with an optimized sensor arrangement. A sensitivity study has been carried out with random measurement errors to predict in-field performance of the proposed damage detection model. Extensive finite element analysis has been conducted with varying degrees of strand confinement to determine its effects on stress recovery and breakage detectability. The analysis provides useful insights into localized and global strand and anchor response that are pivotal for developing a robust tendon monitoring system. The numerical results have been subsequently verified by experimental findings.
6 THE DIVERSE ROLES OF L-GLUTAMIC ACID IN BRAIN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

L-Glutamic acid (Glu) is accepted as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, although other acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). It plays a major role in brain development, affecting neuronal migration, neuronal differentiation, axon genesis, and neuronal survival (2–4). In the mature nervous system, Glu is central to neuroplasticity, in which there are use-dependent alterations in synaptic efficacy as well as changes in synaptic structure. These latter actions are intimately implicated in memory and related cognitive functions. Finally, persistent or overwhelming activation of glutamate-gated ion channels can cause neuronal degeneration (5) depending on the circumstances, this occurs by means of necrosis or apoptosis (6). Known as ‘‘excitotoxicity,’’ this phenomenon has been linked to the final common pathway of neuronal death in a range of disorders including Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke (7,8). This chapter provides an overview of the physiology and pharmacology of brain glutamatergic systems. There is a special emphasis on glutamate receptors because their rich diversity confers physiologic and pharmacologic specificity for this single neurotransmitter, which is used by up to 40% of all brain synapses. Finally, the potential role of glutamatergic system dysfunction in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is addressed.
Affinit y's effec t on choice and movement

OBJECTIVE. Occupational therapists offer choice to patients during therapy in order to facilitate occupational performance. Choices are thought to be made based on personal experiences and meaning. This study investigated the influence that affinity (i.e. the amount a person likes or dislikes something) has on the choices that we make and the quality of movement we use when fulfilling those decisions. METHOD. Forty-two right handed females and sixteen right handed males between the ages of eighteen and forty-five from Northwest Ohio participated in this study. Each participant scored his or her level of affinity for eight cans of beverages. Participants experienced both conditions of the experiment in which they were asked to choose between two cans of beverages and then move the can that they chose. One condition had two cans with a large difference in affinity levels; the other condition had two cans with a small difference in affinity levels. Dependent variables included reaction time, displacement of movement, peak velocity, percentage of reach time of peak velocity, and movement units. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon Signed Rank t-test. RESULTS. When participants chose between cans with a large difference in affinity their reaction time was longer than when choosing between cans with a small difference in affinity (p = 0.001). No differences were found between conditions for displacement of movement, peak velocity, percentage of reach time of peak velocity, and movement units. CONCLUSION. Perceived risk seems to be a stronger indicator for the results of this study. Although level of affinity may help to make decisions easier, when risk is perceived in making a decision it may overpower other factors such as level of affinity.
A Near‐Global Atmospheric Distribution of N2O Isotopologues

The distributions of the four most abundant isotopologues and isotopomers (N2O, 15NNO, N15NO, and NN18O) of nitrous oxide have been measured in the Earth's stratosphere by infrared remote sensing with the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer. These satellite observations have provided a near‐global picture of N2O isotopic fractionation. The relative abundances of the heavier species increase with altitude and with latitude in the stratosphere as the air becomes older. The heavy isotopologues are enriched by 20–30% in the upper stratosphere and even more over the poles. These observations are in general agreement with model predictions made with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). A detailed 3‐D chemical transport model is needed to account for the global isotopic distributions of N2O and to infer sources and sinks.
Phototropism in the Marine Red Macroalga Pyropia yezoensis

Phototropism is a response to the direction of light that guides growth orientation and determines the shape of plants to optimize photosynthetic activity. The phototropic response is present not only in terrestrial plants but also in water-living algae. However, knowledge about phototropism in Bangiophycean seaweeds is limited. Here, we examined the phototropic response of the red alga Pyropia yezoensis to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of phototropism in Bangiophyceae. When leafy gametophytes and filamentous sporophytes of P. yezoensis were cultured under directional light, phototropism was observed in the gametophytes. Conchosporangia on the sporophytes also exhibited phototropism. Phototropism was positive in the majority of gametophytes and conchosporangia but in some cases was negative. In addition, a strong phototropic response occurred under white light, whereas blue and red light elicited minor and no responses, respectively. This observation is in contrast with the phototropic response in terrestrial plants and several algae, in which blue light is responsible for positive phototropism. Surprisingly, the genome of P. yezoensis has no homologues of the photoreceptors for blue and red light, revealing differences in the regulation of phototropism between terrestrial plants and P. yezoensis . Studies on the phototropism in P. yezoensis could shed light on the evolutional divergence of phototropic responses in plants.
Community Networks and the Growth of Private Enterprise in China

This paper identifies and quantifies the role played by birth-county-based community networks in the growth of private enterprise in China. We develop a network-based model that generates predictions for the dynamics of firm entry, concentration, and firm size across birth counties with varying social connectedness (measured by population density). These predictions are verified over the 1990-2009 period with administrative data covering the universe of registered firms. Competing non-network-based explanations can explain some, but not all, of the results. Moreover, supplementary evidence indicates that network spillovers occur within the birth county and, going down even further, within clans within the county. Having validated the model, we estimate its structural parameters and conduct counter-factual simulations, which estimate that entry over the 1995-2004 period would have been 40% lower (with a comparable decline in the stock of capital) in the absence of community networks. Additional counter-factual simulations shed light on misallocation and industrial policy in economies where networks are active.
Seasonal modulation of landscape effects on predatory beetle assemblage.

Arthropod assemblages are influenced by various factors including landscape structure. In temperate areas, agricultural landscapes undergo drastic seasonal changes, which can directly affect arthropod communities and their responses to landscape structure. In this study, we aimed to test whether the effects of landscape structure vary throughout the summer season, using predatory beetles as a model system (Coleoptera Carabidae: Carabinae and Cicindelinae). Our main hypothesis was that predatory beetle assemblages were more influenced by landscape structure at mid-season (July-August) when the vegetation is fully grown. Then, we hypothesized that differences between species would be related to their biological and ecological characteristics. Ground and tiger beetles were sampled with pitfall traps in 20 ditch borders adjacent to cornfields, from early June to the end of September in 2006 and 2007, in the Vacher creek watershed (Quebec, Canada). Landscape cartography was measured at 200 m and 500 m radius around each site. As predicted, landscape structure had a strong seasonal component in structuring these communities, with the greatest influence observed at mid-season. Regarding species abundances, landscape structure mainly had the highest influence at mid-season, but variations were observed between species. Landscape effect on Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) appeared the most variable throughout the season (0-53.8%) whereas landscape effect on Poecilus lucublandus lucublandus (Say) appeared the most consistent (13.9.1-41.0%). Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of considering seasonality when assessing the effects of landscape structure on arthropod assemblage in temperate areas, but further studies are needed to determine species ecological characteristics that explain their differential responses.
Influence of Parenting Behavior on Behavioral and Psychological Associations of Proactive and Reactive Aggression

Child aggression is often categorized by the motivation behind the behavior, namely proactive and reactive aggression. Proactive aggression is goal oriented in nature whereas reactive aggression is in response to a perceived threat. There is some evidence to suggest that these subtypes are associated with distinct behavioral and psychological problems, with proactive aggression being associated with delinquency and reactive aggression being associated with depression. However, the behavioral and psychological correlates of these subtypes of aggression are not one to one relations and little research has examined the variables that impact these relations. This is a notable omission in the literature, as it is important to examine factors that influence these associations in order to identify targets for interventions. Parents play a role in the socialization process and are often targeted for intervention efforts. Accordingly, the current study examined the potential moderating effects of parenting behavior (i.e., corporal punishment, parental monitoring and positive parenting) on the associations between aggression subtypes and delinquency and depression. Participants include 69 children ranging from 9-12 (M=10.35, SD=1.16) years of age and their primary caregiver. First order effects indicated that proactive aggression is associated with delinquency. Only monitoring was found to moderate this relation; however this association was not in the expected direction. That is, proactive aggression was only associated with delinquency at low levels of poor monitoring. The first order effects model of depression indicated a marginally statistically significant association between reactive aggression and depression. However none of the parenting variables were found to moderate the relation between reactive aggression and depression.
Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Delonix Regia Seeds for the Removal Of Methylene Blue Dye

In the present work, activated carbon (AC) have been prepared from Delonix regia seeds by chemical activation with H2SO4 and has been evaluated for the removal of methylene blue dye by varying pH, contact time, concentration of adsorbate, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The prepared AC was characterised using SEM, FTIR and BET analysis. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a high pore development, with BET surface 259.2714 m2/g and pore size 26.428 A. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy allowed characterizing the presence of functional groups on the surface of activated carbons. From the optimised conditions, 90% removal of methylene blue dye could be achieved in 300 min with an adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters was analysed using MATLAB software. The adsorption process followed Freundlich isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 59.38 mg/g and the nature of adsorption was found to be chemisorption. The kinetic parameter model for the adsorption of methylene blue on to activated carbon (AC) from Delonix regia followed pseudo second order kinetics with correlation coefficients of higher than 0.99. The adsorption capacity of this seed can be utilized for the treatment of strongly polluted industrial waste waters containing dye. Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 32(2)(2016) pp 572-579 www.icontrolpollution. com Research *Corresponding
Oral Cancer Awareness among Auxiliary Personnel of Dental College in Bhopal City, India

Affiliation: 1Public Health Dentistry, Rotorua, New Zealand 2Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, MP, India 3Reader and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, SMBT Institute of dental Sciences and research Centre, Nasik India 4Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manasarovar Dental College, Bhopal, MP, India *Corresponding author: Binu Santha, Public Health Dentistry, Rotorua, New Zealand, Tel: +64 22 0366326 E-mail: binusantha@gmail.com
Simulation of Degradation Processes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly becoming an ubiquitous part of our everyday life - they are present in mobile phones, laptops, tools, cars, etc. However, there are still many concerns about their longevity and their safety. In this work we focus on the simulation of several degradation mechanisms on the microscopic scale, where one can resolve the active materials inside the electrodes of the lithium-ion batteries as porous structures. We mainly study two aspects - heat generation and mechanical stress. For the former we consider an electrochemical non-isothermal model on the spatially resolved porous scale to observe the temperature increase inside a battery cell, as well as to observe the individual heat sources to assess their contributions to the total heat generation. As a result from our experiments, we determined that the temperature has very small spatial variance for our test cases and thus allows for an ODE formulation of the heat equation. The second aspect that we consider is the generation of mechanical stress as a result of the insertion of lithium ions in the electrode materials. We study two approaches - using small strain models and finite strain models. For the small strain models, the initial geometry and the current geometry coincide. The model considers a diffusion equation for the lithium ions and equilibrium equation for the mechanical stress. First, we test a single perforated cylindrical particle using different boundary conditions for the displacement and with Neumann boundary conditions for the diffusion equation. We also test for cylindrical particles, but with boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in the electrodes coming from an isothermal electrochemical model for the whole battery cell. For the finite strain models we take in consideration the deformation of the initial geometry as a result of the intercalation and the mechanical stress. We compare two elastic models to study the sensitivity of the predicted elastic behavior on the specific model used. We also consider a softening of the active material dependent on the concentration of the lithium ions and using data for silicon electrodes. We recover the general behavior of the stress from known physical experiments. Some models, like the mechanical models we use, depend on the local values of the concentration to predict the mechanical stress. In that sense we perform a short comparative study between the Finite Element Method with tetrahedral elements and the Finite Volume Method with voxel volumes for an isothermal electrochemical model. The spatial discretizations of the PDEs are done using the Finite Element Method. For some models we have discontinuous quantities where we adapt the FEM accordingly. The time derivatives are discretized using the implicit Backward Euler method. The nonlinear systems are linearized using the Newton method. All of the discretized models are implemented in a C++ framework developed during the thesis.
Towards a Framework for Dynamic Data Physicalisation

Advanced data visualisation techniques enable the exploration and analysis of large datasets. Recently, there is the emerging field of data physicalisation, where data is represented in physical space (e.g. via physical models) and can no longer only be explored visually, but also by making use of other senses such as touch. Most existing data physicalisation solutions are static and cannot be dynamically updated based on a user’s interaction. Our goal is to develop a framework for new forms of dynamic data physicalisation in order to support an interactive exploration and analysis of datasets. Based on a study of the design space for dynamic data physicalisation, we are therefore working on a grammar for representing the fundamental physical operations and interactions that can be applied to the underlying data. Our envisioned extensible data physicalisation framework will enable the rapid prototyping of dynamic data physicalisations and thereby support researchers who want to experiment with new combinations of physical variables or output devices for dynamic data physicalisation as well as designers and application developers who are interested in the development of innovative dynamic data physicalisation solutions.