Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation on the Thermal Insulation Performance of Windows according to the Temporary Improvement Method.

ABSTRACT KEYWORD The purpose of this study is to compare the thermal insulation performance of windows according to the formation of air layer and to evaluate its energy efficiency on a selected standard house. A thermal insulation test, KS F 2278 wasused to measure U-values (Heat transmission coefficients) for the following three cases: the first case (Case 1) is a Low-E pair glass (Argon injected), the second case (Case 2) is a Low-E pair glass with the air cap attached on the glass surface, and the third case (Case 3) is a Low-E pair glass, on the frame of which the air cap is attached. The evaluatio nof the energy efficiency was conducted according to a building energy calculation method from ISO 13790, calculatio n of energy use for space heating and cooling, using the U-values obtained from the thermal insulation tests. As results o fthe tests, the U-values of Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 were 1.668W/ ㎡·K, 1.568W/ ㎡·K, and 1.319W/ ㎡·K respectively.The Case 2 had about 5.9% lower value than the Case 1, and the Case 3 had about 20.9% lower value than the Case 1. It seems that the thermal performance of the windows is attributed to an increase of the heat resistance and the thicknes sof air layer. An evaluation of the energy efficiency of the three cases on the selected standard house showed that the amount of heating energy demand per unit area was 7.776kWh/ ㎡·yr for the Case 1, 6.856kWh/ ㎡·yr for the Case 2, an d4.856kWh/㎡·yr for the Case 3. This study suggests that the formation of air layer (by using air cap) and its thickness should reduce the heat energy demand and thus improve the energy saving efficiencyⓒ 2014 KIEAE Journal
Two–dimensional modelling of soft ferromagnetic films

We examine the response of a soft ferromagnetic film to an in–plane applied magnetic field by means of both theory and experiment. In the thin–film limit, we uncover a separation of scales in the rough energy landscape of micromagnetics: leading–order terms generate constraints which eliminate degrees of freedom, terms of second order in the film thickness lead to a (new) reduced variational model, higher–order terms are related to wall, vortex and anisotropy energies. We propose a new strategy to compute low–energy domain patterns, which proceeds in two steps: we determine first the magnetic charge density by solving a convex variational problem, then we construct an associated magnetization field using a robust numerical method. Experimental results show good agreement with the theory. Our analysis is consistent with prior work by van den Berg and by Bryant and Suhl, but it goes much further; in particular it applies even for large fields which penetrate the sample.
Psychological Factors in Reading Disability.

Reviewed are three types of etiological theories of dyslexia: theories of visual perceptual deficit, theories of difficulties with sensory integration, and theories of verbal deficiencies. The author concludes that recent findings weigh heavily against perceptual deficit theories of reading disability as suggested by S. Otton and others; that the equivocal findings relating to the sensory integration theory of H. Birch suggest the need 'for further research; and that the author's researc And that of others support t e verbal or linguistic deficit theory. Noted are practical implications of the findings such as the importance of including all (graphic, phonologic, semantic, and syntactic) aspects of words and sentences in remedial reading instruction. (DB) ABSTRACT
The Microviral Flora of Broiler-house Litter and Dust

Summary: A survey of litter samples from broiler houses at widespread licalities in the U.K. revealed a significant difference between the fungal floras before and after the houses had been used for a single crop of birds. Paecilomyces varioti, Trichoderma spp. Aureobasidium pullulans and Hyalodndron lignicola predominated in the fresh litter, but were replaced by present in the final litter samples were also found in the initial and final dust samples, indicating that the dust is a potential source of inoculum. These results are discussed in relation to the formation in broiler-house litter of 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole (a compound associated with a musty taint in chickens), and to the potential formation of mycotoxins.
Energy distribution of relativistic electrons in the kiloparsec scale jet of M 87 with Chandra

The X-ray emission from the jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) carries important information on the distributions of relativistic electrons and magnetic fields on large scales. We reanalysed archival Chandra observations on the jet of M 87 from 2000 to 2016 with a total exposure of 1460 kiloseconds to explore the X-ray emission characteristics along the jet. We investigated the variability behaviours of the nucleus and the inner jet component HST-1, and confirm indications for day-scale X-ray variability in the nucleus contemporaneous to the 2010 high TeV γ -ray state. HST-1 shows a general decline in X-ray flux over the last few years consistent with its synchrotron interpretation. We extracted the X-ray spectra for the nucleus and all knots in the jet, showing that they are compatible with a single power law within the X-ray band. There are indications that the resultant X-ray photon index exhibit a trend, with slight but significant index variations ranging from ≃ 2.2 (e.g. in knot D) to ≃ 2.4−2.6 (in the outer knots F, A, and B). When viewed in a multiwavelength context, a more complex situation can be seen. Fitting the radio to X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) assuming a synchrotron origin, we show that a broken power-law electron spectrum with break energy E b around TeV allows a satisfactory description of the multiband SEDs for most of the knots. However, in the case of knots B, C, and D we find indications that an additional high-energy component is needed to adequately reproduce the broad-band SEDs. We discuss the implications and suggest that a stratified jet model may account for the differences.
Kostenki 1 ( Poliakov ) sequence , Voronezh , Russia

Kostenki 1 is one of the many sites of the KostenkiBorshchevo site cluster south of Voronezh, which has a long sequence covering the Early and Mid Upper Palaeolithic, including the Streletskian Cultural Layer V. Here we present stratigraphic data from our 1994 fieldwork (sections of the 1981-1982 excavations) and radiocarbon dates for the CL IV and V. For dating we used our crossdating approach on high quality conifer charcoal with ABA and ABOx-SC pre-treatment on sub-samples of the same charcoal sample. Our results show that the Streletskian CL V dates to ~42,500 14C uncal BP and is significantly older than previously thought.
The role of L 1 phonology in L 2 morphological production : L 2 English past tense production by L 1 Spanish

This study considers the role of L1 phonological influence in L2 English past tense morphology production by native speakers of Spanish, Mandarin, and Japanese. While these L1s share similar phonological restrictions on consonant cluster formation needed for English past tense morphology, differences arise in L1 syntax (only Mandarin lacks syntactic past) and L1 prosodic structure (only Japanese has English-equivalent structure). Aggregate analyses indicate that an L1 English control group outperforms all L2 groups in oral suppliance of past tense morphology. Results therefore reveal that having the syntactic feature for past in the L1 does not translate into target-like performance and that L1 phonological restrictions alone cannot fully explain nontarget-like performance. In light of previous and the current data sets, we argue that evidence from production of L2 English past tense cannot be used to adjudicate between Representational Deficit Approaches and Full Access Approaches, contrary to what has been argued previously.
Productive government expenditure and fiscal sustainability

We consider an overlapping generations model in which public spending directly contributes to grow up productivity as Barro (1990) and a government comforts the constant spending-GDP and debtspending ratio rules. We analyse policy effects on fiscal sustainability, growth rate and welfare. This paper gives some remarks as follows: First, we demonstrate that when spending-GDP ratio rises it may be more sustainable fiscal policy. Second, we show analytically that if higher spending-GDP ratio is more sustainable fiscal policy, it brings higher growth rate in both short-term and long-term. Third, such policy change is Pareto improving. These remarks are not obtained in previous researches on fiscal sustainability.
Psychology, Money, and Marital Arguments: What Shapes a Woman's Happiness Level?

®® • This research investigated the association and influence of income contribution, self-esteem, perceived control, and marital arguments on marital happiness among married women. • Analysis of a sample of 1,395 married women ages 43 to 53 revealed a negative association between a woman’s relative income contribution and her reported happiness levels. • The interplay of results related to arguments about money, chores, and income contribution highlight the potential effects of shifting gender roles due to increased female employment. • Findings suggest that being aware of financial and psychological factors that influence the client is important in retaining married clients. Executive Summary
Degeneration of the osteocyte network in the C 57 BL / 6 mouse model of

Age‐related bone loss and associated fracture risk are major problems in musculoskeletal health. Osteocytes have emerged as key regulators of bone mass and as a therapeutic target for preventing bone loss. As aging is associated with changes in the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system, we focused on the responsible cellular mechanisms in osteocytes. Bone phenotypic analysis was performed in young‐(5mo) and aged‐(22mo) C57BL/6 mice and changes in bone structure/geometry correlated with alterations in osteocyte parameters determined using novel multiplexed‐3D‐confocal imaging techniques. Age‐related bone changes analogous to those in humans were observed, including increased cortical diameter, decreased cortical thickness, reduced trabecular BV/TV and cortical porosities. This was associated with a dramatic reduction in osteocyte dendrite number and cell density, particularly in females, where osteocyte dendricity decreased linearly from 5, 12, 18 to 22mo and correlated significantly with cortical bone parameters. Reduced dendricity preceded decreased osteocyte number, suggesting dendrite loss may trigger loss of viability. Age‐related degeneration of osteocyte networks may impair bone anabolic responses to loading and gender differences in osteocyte cell body and lacunar fluid volumes we observed in aged mice may lead to gender‐related differences in mechanosensitivity. Therapies to preserve osteocyte dendricity and viability may be beneficial for bone health in aging.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Evidence-Based Quality Improvement : A recipe for improving medication safety and handover of care

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Asteroids: Their composition and impact threat

Impacts by near-Earth asteroids are serious threats to life as we know it. The energy of the impact will be a function of the mass of the asteroid and its impact velocity. The mass of an asteroid is very difficult to determine from Earth. One way to derive a near-Earth object's mass is by estimating the object's density from its surface composition. Reflectance spectra are the best way to determine an object's composition since many minerals (e.g. olivine, pyroxene, hydrated silicates) have characteristic absorption features. However, metallic iron does not have characteristic ab- sorption bands and is very hard to identify from Earth. For a particular size, asteroids with compositions similar to iron meteorites pose the biggest impact threat since they have the highest densities, but they are expected to be only a few percent of the impacting population. Knowing an asteroid's composition is also vital for understanding how best to divert an incoming asteroid.
Electronic properties and STM images of doped bilayer graphene

Electronic structures and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) patterns of boron- and nitrogen-doped bilayer graphene are predicted using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. Asymmetric doping is considered, leading to different charge-carrier densities on each graphene layer and to a band-gap opening. When lying on the top layer, the local STM patterns of the dopant are predicted to be similar to images observed in monolayer graphene. In contrast, the local electronic states of the buried dopant are not directly detectable by STM. However, by analyzing the charge transfer between graphene layers and its effect on the contrast of the STM image, the chemical doping is found to affect the symmetry (hexagonal and triangular) of the observed lattice for both the top doped surface and the buried doped layer. Consequently, our ab initio simulations predict a possible indirect detection of N or B dopants buried in bilayer graphene when such a contrast is revealed by a series of STM images or using scanning tunneling spectroscopy.
Prevalence of Dental Erosion in 15-Year-Old Subjects from Opole Province

Background. The data from the literature reveal a continuous increase the dental erosion development, however the data considering the prevalence of erosion in Polish population are scarce. Objectives. evaluation of frequency and severity of dental erosion in 15-year-old adolescents. Material and Methods. 181 both sex 15-year-old subjects living in urban and rural region of opole province were examined in frame of the national monitoring survey (2011). Dental erosion was evaluated according to the BeWe scoring system. The obtained data were analysed in relation to the residence region (urban and rural) and gender calculating the frequency and severity of dental erosion. Results. The frequency of dental erosion was 16.6%, slightly higher in the subjects from urban area in comparison to rural one and slightly higher in boys than girls. The observed lesions were almost only the first degree lesions, i.e. initial loss of enamel. The mean value of cumulative BeWe score calculating for the erosion affected was 3.40 ± 2.06 categorizing the subjects to the group with low erosion level. However, the BeWe score calculated for all examined subjects was 0.56 ± 1.48 showing no erosion risk in the studied group of population. Conclusions. in the examined subjects no erosion risk was found. The observed dental erosions were lesions with the initial loss of hard dental tissues and appeared slightly more frequently in urban than rural area and more slightly frequently in boys in comparison to girls (Dent. Med. Probl. 2012, 49, 2, 189–194).
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Optical properties of Er-doped Si-based media

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Nitrogen cycling in a pepperweed invaded pasture

Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) is a pervasive exotic species that has spread throughout the western United States, invading natural and agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to determine if pepperweed impacts gross N cycling rates in an irrigated pasture. I used 15 N pool dilution and tracer techniques to measure rates of gross N mineralization, gross nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate (NO3 - ) reduction to ammonium (NH4 + ) (DNRA), and N2O fluxes. I sampled from replicate plots (n = 6 per cover type) dominated by pepperweed versus dominated by an invasive annual grass (Hordenum murinem) with no pepperweed present. Because pepperweed has extensive root systems, I measured gross N cycling rates at three depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm) to determine pepperweed effects through the soil profile. Soil NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations, and gravimetric soil moisture content were also measured at each soil depth. I found that plant cover type affected N cycling differently depending on soil depth, with pepperweed invaded soils exhibiting higher gross mineralization rates (81.5 ± 15.3 µg N g -1 d -1 ) and NH4 + concentrations (27.3 ± 4.4 µg N g -1 ) than grass dominated soils (30.1 ± 4.3 µg N g -1 d 1 and 8.4 ± 4.3 µg N g -1 respectively) in surface soil. DNRA, N2O fluxes, and NO3 concentrations were not significantly different between both cover types but were generally highest at the surface depth. These results suggest pepperweed stimulates gross N mineralization to increase soil NH4 + concentrations for plant uptake without influencing other N cycling processes and pools.
The fatty acid and cholesterol composition of enriched egg yolk lipids obtained by modifying hens’ diets with fish oil and flaxseed

The effects of fish oil and flaxseed in the diets of laying hens on the cholesterol and fatty acid composition of egg lipids were studied. Isa-White laying hens and five experimental diets were used. The first diet was used as the control. Fish oil (1.5%), flaxseed (4.32% and 8.64) or both of them (1.5% fish oil and 4.32% flaxseed) were added to the others and hens were fed for 30 and 60 days. The cholesterol and fatty acid composition of the yolks were determined. No significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the cholesterol content of the yolks due to diets except the diet containing 8.64% flaxseed. Total saturated fatty acid content was decreased in all diets compared to the control diet. Total n-3 fatty acid content was significantly greater for all diets. The predominant change in flaxseed containing diets was found in linolenic acid content. Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid content of all diets was significantly greater.
Vertical source, vertical receiver, electromagnetic technique for offshore hydrocarbon exploration

over a rock of uniform conductivity. Another model, with the same overburden resistivity but with a resistive layer gives rise to a faster temporal decay, with a maximum contrast occurring at typically at t=2-10s depending on the depth of the resistivity layer (HCs). The method has been verified on the relatively challenging Luva field, where our observed data have been found to carry a signature of the gas column there. This gas column has a relatively low resistivity contrast and is located at a depth of 1700 meters below the sea floor.
SFB 823 Risk aversion , macro factors and non-fundamental components in Euro area yield spreads : A macro-financial analysis

This paper investigates the effects of economic fundamentals and a common risk factor that is not accounted for by Euro area fundamentals on Euro area yield spreads. In particular, it seeks to disentangle the effects of changes in risk aversion and the common risk factor. For this purpose, I use a multi-country macrofinance model of the term structure, where changes in risk-aversion are captured by one single variable. This risk aversion variable is identified from restrictions on the pricing kernel to be the single source of time variation in the prices of risk. The model is applied to yield data of French, German, Italian and Spanish government bonds and the estimation is conducted using Bayesian estimation techniques. The results show that although economic fundamentals were the most dominant driver of Euro area yield spreads, the common risk factor accounts for a non-negligible part in Euro area yield spreads. Notably, the contribution of common risk factor shocks to the yield spreads increased from 2012 onwards. Among the economic factors, changes in risk aversion were the most important source for variations in yield spreads. JEL: C11, E43, E44, E52, G12, G15. 1TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Phone: +49 231 755 3441. Email: fabian.herrmann@tu-dortmund.de. Financial support from German Science Foundation (DFG) through SFB 823 is gratefully acknowledged.
Effects of As2 versus As4 on InAs/GaSb heterostructures: As-for-Sb exchange and film stability

We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray diffraction to characterize and compare the effects of As2 versus As4 on the growth of InAs/GaSb heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy. When GaSb surfaces are exposed to an As2 flux, the As exchanges with the surface Sb in an anion exchange reaction that creates layers of GaAs. In contrast, when GaSb surfaces are exposed to As4 fluxes, there is no evidence of the As-for-Sb exchange reaction. When comparing the use of As2 and As4 in periodic InAs/GaSb superlattices, the differences in the As incorporation rate into GaSb is further evident in x-ray diffraction spectra as a shift in the average lattice constant of the epilayer due to GaAs bond formation. Although inhibiting the exchange reaction would be useful in the minimization of the cross incorporation of As in the GaSb layers, the growth of InAs/GaSb heterostructures using As4 can be complicated by the introduction of film instabilities that have not been observed in growths usin.
Production of Transforming Growth Factor lB during Repair of Arterial Injury

Repair of arterial injury produced by balloon angioplasty leads to the formation of a neointima and a narrowing ofthe vascular lumen. In this study, we examined the possibility that smooth muscle cells (SMC) in injured rat carotid arteries are stimulated to produce type-i transforming growth factor-,# (TGF-,61) during neointima formation in vivo. Levels of TGF-#l1 transcripts (2.4 kb) were significantly increased within 6 h after carotid injury and reached a maximum (five to sevenfold) by 24 h. Regenerating left carotids had sustained increases in TGF-j@1 mRNA levels (about fivefold) over the next 2 wk, during which time a substantial neointimal thickening was formed. No changes in basal TGF-#61 mRNA levels were found in contralat-eral uninjured carotids at any of the times examined. Immunohistochemical studies showed that a large majority of neointimal SMC were stained for TGF-,81 protein in an intracellular pattern, consistent with active TGF-fi1 synthesis in this tissue. Neointima formation and TGF-,61 immunoreactivity were correlated with increases in fibronectin, collagen a2(I), and collagen al(III) gene expression. Infusion of purified, recombinant TGF-#,1 into rats with a preexisting neointima produced a significant stimulation of carotid neointimal SMC DNA synthesis. These results suggest that TGF-,61 plays an important role as an endogenous growth regulatory factor produced by neointimal SMC themselves during progressive neointimal thickening after balloon angioplasty. (J. Clin. Invest. 1991. 88:904-910.) hydrogen peroxide in 0.05M Tris, pH 7.6. The anti-TGF-#,B antibody used in these studies recognizes an intracellular, but not secreted, form of TGF-#, (30, 31). Thus the antibody stains SMC profiles in tissue sections whereas no staining of extracellular matrix structures was observed.