Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Citation Practices of Undergraduate Spanish Students

One basic skill of academic writers is to be able to locate their claims within a disciplinary framework. However, undergraduate students find it difficult to integrate sources into their own writing successfully, which often results in inappropriate textual borrowing and poor referencing. The aim of the research reported here was to identify problematic or inappropriate use of sources in texts produced by undergraduate Spanish students and examine the reasons for these unacceptable citation practices. For this purpose, I analyzed a learner corpus consisting of 35 literature reviews written by students of an EAP subject in the third year of a Bachelor's Degree in English Studies. The results suggest that their inappropriate use of sources arises mainly from three factors: (i) an unawareness of the dialogic nature of academic texts and of the functions of citation in these texts; (ii) low linguistic level and low level of academic literacy regarding the procedures involved in paraphrasing and synthesizing; (iii) lack of familiarity with the language of citations.
A Semi-Stochastic Propagation Model for the Study of Beam Tilting in Cellular Systems

Base station antenna downtilt mitigates interference and improves the downlink performance of wireless systems. A semi-stochastic propagation model is presented and applied to the study of the impact of the base station beam tilting in cellular communications. The two-ray approximation of the proposed model is described analytically. Beam tilting is evaluated in relation to the base station antenna radiation pattern, the antennas height, the propagation environment, the bit error rate, and the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver front end. Analytically derived expressions for the fading envelopes, the error probability, the optimum tilting angle, and the downlink capacity of a WCDMA system are derived. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are provided to show the characteristics of the model. Comparisons with data in the literature confirm its validity. Furthermore, the effect of beam tilting on system downlink performance in terms of bit error rate and capacity is investigated.
Level of salivary uric acid in gingivitis and periodontitis patients

Background: Periodontal disease is common chronic adult condition. Antioxidants are present in the body fluid as protection against free radical. Uric acid is one of antioxidants that can be found in saliva. Moreover, the relationship among the antioxidant enzymes activities and clinical periodontal status were investigated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to observe uric acid level activities in the saliva of gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Methods: Six patients with gingivitis and six patients with periodontitis in Dental Hospital Trisakti University were included in the study. Clinical condition of each subject, the plaque index, and probing depth were determined. The salivary uric acid level was measured using the Folin-Wu method. Result: Salivary uric acid levels in the periodontitis patients with a mean ± SD 7.40 ± 0.31 (p = 0.004) were found to be higher compared to the gingivitis patients (mean ± SD = 6.84 ± 0.19). In addition, there were no significant differences in salivary uric acid levels between gender (p = 0.641). Conclusion: Uric acid levels in periodontitis patients were found to be higher than in gingivitis patients. Moreover, uric acid has more role on periodontitis than in gingivitis as an antioxidant agent.
Competitive dysfunction in pharmacies compounding: a Brazilian experience

This research aims to investigate the level of gaps in services offered by compounding pharmacies in Brazil. The research was conducted with a sample of 306 respondents comprised of owners, pharmacists and customers. We sought to assess the extent of gaps regarding competitive, strategic and operational dysfunctions, checking which are significant and the results of the service provided in relation to competitive factors valued by customers. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire validated model as SERVQUAL, published by Parasuraman et al. (1988). The statistical analysis used the software BioEstat v.05. The results demonstrate that there is a strong adhesion of the samples obtained and the quality dimension that stood out was reliability. In relation to the dysfunctions researched, the results pointed to a perfect interaction between agents which led us to accept that, as part of the pharmacies researched, there is no significant competitive dysfunction.
Project-led education in engineering: Monitoring and assessing the learning process

This paper presents findings from a case study carried out at the University of Minho, Portugal, with first year Industrial Management and Engineering students, who participated in a Project-Led Education (PLE) experience. It emphasizes the importance of formative assessment and the process of providing regular feedback on students’ work as key features to guarantee quality in student learning. Monitoring and assessing the learning process has become an important concern when designing PLE experiences. To meet this goal, a set of milestones are established throughout the project (oral presentations, midterm reports, tutorial meetings, etc.), as well as peer and selfassessment processes, in order to support students in the process of monitoring and regulating their
TREE APPRAISAL METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATION – FIRST RESULTS IN ONE OF BUDAPEST ’ S DISTRICTS

Street trees provide a number of environmental and social benefits, including contributing to climate change adaptation and mitigation and providing urban green space. In all settlements is important to know the quantity and quality of the trees and develop up-to-date tree cadastres. Frequently there is a need to place a monetary value on amenity trees, therefore several methods with different approaches have been developed. In our paper we discuss and compare some widely applied international and Hungarian methods taken into consideration their benefits and disadvantages. A tree survey was done in the year 2010, in one of the greenest districts of Budapest. Based on the survey species composition, distribution by age of the trees, condition of the trees, proportion of the fruit and ornamental trees were analysed and calculations were done regarding the tree values. Results show that good judgement through experience is important in selecting the method to use, for no one method can be used under every condition.
X-RAY SPECTRAL STATE EVOLUTION IN IGR J17091−3624 AND COMPARISON OF ITS HEARTBEAT OSCILLATION PROPERTIES WITH THOSE OF GRS 1915+105

In this work, we study the X-ray timing and spectral evolution of the transient low-mass X-ray binary IGR J17091−3624 during the first 66 days of its 2011 outburst. We present results obtained from observations with two instruments, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array and SWIFT X-Ray Telescope, between 2011 February 9 and 2011 April 15. Using quasi-periodic oscillation classifications, power density spectrum characteristics, time-lag behavior, and energy spectral properties, we determine source states and their transitions at different times of the outburst. During the first part of the evolution, the source followed trends that are usually observed from transient black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs). Interestingly, a gradual transition is observed in IGR J17091−3624 from the low-variability soft intermediate state, commonly seen in BHXBs, to a high-variability state with regular, repetitive, and structured pulsations, seen only from GRS 1915+105 (also known as “ρ” class variability/“heartbeat” oscillations). We study the time evolution of the characteristic timescale, quality factor, and rms amplitude of heartbeat oscillations in IGR J17091−3624. We also present a detailed comparison of the timing and spectral properties of heartbeat oscillations and their evolution in IGR J17091−3624 and GRS 1915+105.
Does Futures Price Volatility Differ Across Delivery Horizon

We study the difference in the volatility dynamics of CBOT corn, soybeans, and oats futures prices across different delivery horizons via the smoothed Bayesian estimator of Karali, Dorfman, and Thurman (2010). We show that the futures price volatilities in these markets are affected by the inventories, time to delivery, and the crop progress period. Some of these effects vary across delivery horizons. Further, it is shown that the price volatility is higher before the harvest starts in most of the cases compared to the volatility during the planting period. These results have implications for hedging, options pricing, and the setting of margin requirements.
The problem with government interventions: The wrong banks, inadequate strategies, or ineffective measures?

The most recent crisis prompted regulatory authorities to implement directives prescribing actions to resolve systemic banking crises. Recent findings show that government intervention results in only a small proportion of bank recoveries. This study examines the reasons for this failure and evaluates the effectiveness of regulatory instruments, demonstrating that weaker banks are more likely to receive government support, that the support extended addresses banks’ specific issues, and that supported banks are more likely to face bankruptcy than non-supported banks. Therefore, government interventions must be sufficiently large, and an optimal banking recovery program must include a deep restructuring process.
The expression of non-actual motion in Swedish, French and Thai

Abstract Dynamic descriptions of static spatial situations, such as the road goes through the forest have attracted a lot of attention across different semantic theories. Analyses in terms of fictive motion and subjective motion have proposed that such expressions are strongly motivated by universal cognitive and conceptual factors. I present theoretical arguments for the conflation of several different motivations in the literature. Instead of a single general motivation, three distinct experiential motivations are presented under the term non-actual motion. These experiential motivations are used to design an elicitation tool for investigating non-actual motion cross-linguistically. Elicited descriptions from speakers of Swedish, French and Thai suggest that such descriptions are conventionalized in all three languages, which supports the universal character of non-actual motion across languages. However, in expressing non-actual motion, the language-specific resources for expressing actual motion are used.
CHANGES OF β-CAROTENE CONTENT DURING HEATING OF RED PALM OLEIN

Red palm olein is produced from crude palm oil through a milder refining process to yield oil that contains most of the carotenes and vitamin E originally found in crude palm oil (CPO). Red palm olein (RPOo) is the richest plant source of carotenoids and its vitamin E reaches 810 ppm, mostly in tocotrienol form. Vitamin E and β-carotenes play an important role as antioxidants that grant oxidative stability to the oil. In this study, RPOo was heated at 50 o C, 100 o C, 150 o C and 200 o C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min for each temperature. The hydrolysis and oxidative stabilities of these oil samples were compared by determining peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA) and β-carotene content. Exposing the oil samples to the various heating times and temperature accelerated the formation of peroxides. Destruction of β-carotene was observed by increased in both temperature and time exposed to heat. Significant decrease of β-carotene was observed at higher temperature for longer time. The FFA did not play any significant role in the deterioration of the heated samples of red palm olein.
Buckling and vibration of non-homogeneous rectangular plates subjected to linearly varying in-plane force

The present work analyses the buckling and vibration behaviour of non-homogeneous rectangular plates of uniform thickness on the basis of classical plate theory when the two opposite edges are simply supported and are subjected to linearly varying in-plane force. For non-homogeneity of the plate material it is assumed that young's modulus and density of the plate material vary exponentially along axial direction. The governing partial differential equation of motion of such plates has been reduced to an ordinary differential equation using the sine function for mode shapes between the simply supported edges. This resulting equation has been solved numerically employing differential quadrature method for three different combinations of clamped, simply supported and free boundary conditions at the other two edges. The effect of various parameters has been studied on the natural frequencies for the first three modes of vibration. Critical buckling loads have been computed. Three dimensional mode shapes have been presented. Comparison has been made with the known results.
CLUTCH SIZE AND FLEDGLING SUCCESS OF THE AUSTRALIAN WHITE IBIS Threskiornis molucca IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca is very successful in adapting to and surviving in urban environments. Overabundant and/or large, permanent populations have established in many urban areas of coastal eastern Australia. In urban areas, the Australian White Ibis is currently regarded as a major pest and many agencies aim to reduce its numbers, however, the lack of knowledge on this species has made management difficult. In this study clutch size and fledgling success of Australian White Ibis breeding in Centennial Park, a large urban park in Sydney, were measured. Mean clutch size was 2.70, with a modal clutch size of three. Mean number of fledglings per successful (nestlings hatched) nest was 2.64. While clutch sizes were similar to those reported for ibis in natural and non-urban environments, fledgling success was considerably higher in Centennial Park. This is most likely due to high food availability in urban areas. Management of artificial food sources (e.g. landfills) might be necessary for successfully managing ibis in urban environments.
Labor force participation in a developing metropolis : does sex matter?

After sustained economic growth in Colombia over two decades, the labor market in Bogota exhibited considerable tightening up in the late 1970s. Unemployment rates were seen to have declined and the rate of participation of women to have increased perceptibly over the decade. This study uses data from a 1978 household survey to examine the determinants of labor force participation. The estimates show that the main component of the labor force that can be expected to expand rapidly with rising real wages is that of married women. As access to secondary and higher education improves further, more young men and women will stay longer in school before entering the labor force. Hence, fewer young men and women will enter the labor force at a young age. The same forces that induce greater participation of married women will serve to reduce the entry of young women into the labor force at a young age. These results have implications for urban labor markets in developing countries in general. It may be the case that the remarkable increase in female labor participation that has taken place in developed countries may occur in developing countries earlier than might be expected at rather lower absolute income levels.
A s ystematic r eview of t echnology a doption f rameworks and their a pplications

The Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Pl anned Behavior have demonstrated pi oneering re search efforts wit hin the research domain of innovation adoption concerning new technologies. This study consolidated an in-depth literature review of both theoretical frameworks, covering their roots and development over the years within the scholarly community. Also, we reviewed the applicability of these frameworks within the context of emerging technologies of the information age. After a thorough literature review, we concluded that both frameworks are widely used and applicable to various emerging technologies and continue to remain instrumental in the research domain of innovation adoption.
Thermal degradation kinetics of polyethylene and silane- crosslinked polyethylene

The thermal degradation of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and linear low-density silane-crosslinked polyethylene (SXLPE) was studied. Kinetic evaluations were performed by model-free kinetic analysis and multivariate nonlinear regression. Apparent kinetic parameters for the overall degradation were determined. The results show that the thermal stability of SXLPE was higher than that of LLDPE. Their decomposition reaction model was a single-step process of an nth-order reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1172–1179, 2005
Lovastatin mediates in vivo neuroprotection via PKB / Akt signaling

Besides a beneficial cardiovascular effect, it was recently suggested that statins can also have neuroprotective effects. In a previous study we provided evidence that lovastatin treatment abates excitotoxic cell death in primary cortical neurons. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of lovastatin in an in vivo mouse model. We found that administration of lovastatin (20 mg/kg) significantly protects cholinergic neurons and their cortical projections against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 60 nmol) induced cell death in the magnocellular nucleus basalis (MNB). Furthermore, lovastatin-mediated neuroprotection was shown to be dependent on protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt signaling since inhibition of PKB/Akt with LY294002 blocked the lovastatin-induced neuroprotective effect. The loss of cholinergic neurons after the MNB lesion resulted in memory impairment as tested in a passive avoidance paradigm. This was reverted by prelesion lovastatin treatment. It is concluded that treatment with lovastatin may provide resistance against neuronal injury in excitotoxic conditions associated with neurodegenerative diseases. 6.
A definition of cascading disasters and cascading effects: Going beyond the “toppling dominos” metaphor

: The consequences of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake persuaded the global community to consider more realistically the problem of "cascading disasters". Since then, the concept has been widely used among scholars and practitioners but its definition remains vague. In order to explain a chain-sequence of interconnected failures, the word 'cascading' is often associated with the metaphor of toppling dominoes, which may have a bearing on the cause-and-effect relationship that is a feature of most catastrophic events. Our paper aims to avoid this grey area and offer a clear definition that is suitable for field and theoretical use. A review of the literature is employed to point out the specific features that differentiate "cascading disasters" and "cascading effects" from other forms and dynamics of disaster. Glossaries are surveyed and past disasters analysed in order to reflect on which are the critical elements of a 'cascade' and how best to investigate them. Our conclusions suggest that interdependencies, vulnerability, amplification, secondary disasters and critical infrastructure are important factors that need to be addressed in risk reduction practices in order to limit cascading during disasters. Â
Root-crown ratios of permanent teeth in Malay patients attending HUSM Dental Clinic

Crown height, Permanent teeth, Root length, Root-crown ratio. Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the normal mean value of the root-crown (R/C ratios) in Malay patients and their variations by gender and dental arch from orthopantomogram radiographs (OPGs). Two thousand nine hundred and twenty teeth with fully developed roots were measured from 112 OPGs. Subjects with history of maxillofacial trauma or orthodontic therapy were excluded. The mean age of the subjects was 19.1 (SD 2.08) years old for males while females 18.9 (SD 2.19) years old in the range from 15 to 22 years old. The intra-examiner reproducibility of the assessment method was good (Intraclass correlation coefficient 0.81). Results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between R/C ratios of males and females groups. However, the ratios of the antagonist teeth for both males and females were significantly greater in the mandible than in the maxilla (p<0.05 for right and left lateral incisors and right first premolars in male; p<0.001 for all other teeth). In both gender, the highest R/C ratio was mandibular second premolars and the lowest R/C ratio were maxillary central incisors. The root- crown ratio could be used as a baseline data and reference to help in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis as well as evaluation developmental root deficiency.
The linking of denotational and socio-expres­sive heads in Modern Greek and English compounding

This paper deals with a comparative analysis of Modern Greek and English compounding by using Ralli’s (2007, 2013) and Bisetto & Scalise’s (2009) classifications, respectively. The object of investigation are 64 Modern Greek and 132 English compounds marked for positive or negative stance. In the analysis a pragmatic level of meaning with special properties is deployed, i.e. the socio-expressive tier. It is shown that in both languages the linking of denotational (i.e. semantic and/ or categorial) and socio-expressive heads yields three corresponding classes. The special linking patterns of Modern Greek can be ascribed to a tendency toward symmetry between the one-word and multiword strategy and to language contact * .
A model for Gaussian perturbations of graphene Dodson , CTJ 2015

Graphene consists nominally of a regular planar hexagonal carbon lattice monolayer. However, its structure experiences perturbations in the presence of external influences, whether from substrate properties, thermal or electromagnetic fields, or ambient fluid movement. Here we give an information geometric model to represent the state space of perturbations as a Riemannian pseudosphere with scalar curvature close to − 12 . This would allow the representation of a trajectory of states under a given ambient or process change, so opening the possibility for geometrically formulated dynamical models to link structural perturbations to the physics.
All superalgebras for warped AdS2 and black hole near horizon geometries

We identify all symmetry superalgebras of near horizon geometries of black holes with a Killing horizon, assuming the solution is smooth and that the spatial cross section of the event horizon is compact without boundary. This includes all warped AdS2 backgrounds with the most general allowed fluxes in 10- and 11-dimensional supergravities. If the index of a particular Dirac operator vanishes, we find that the even symmetry subalgebra decomposes as , where is the Lie algebra of a group that acts transitively and effectively on spheres, and is the center of . If the Dirac operator index does not vanish, then the symmetry superalgebra is nilpotent with one even generator. We also demonstrate that there are no near horizon geometries, and also therefore no warped AdS2 backgrounds, in 10- and 11-dimensions that preserve more than 16 supersymmetries.