Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning expression, monoclonal antibody preparation and serologic study of mammaglobin in breast cancer.

UNLABELLED Mammaglobin may be a potential serum biomarker for the differential diagnosis of breast cancer. 260 serum samples were collected from 127 untreated breast cancer patients and 133 healthy volunteers to analyze the sera expression of mammaglobin and its implications for both. The expression vector of pGEX-4T-2-Mammaglobin and pBVIL1-Mammaglobin were constructed and transformed into E.coli. HB101 for expression. The mice were immunized with the purified recombinant protein to prepare monoclonal antibody and to detect by ELISA the serum of normal people and breast cancer patients. Recombinant mammaglobin antigen was effectively expressed in E.coli. Two hybridoma cell lines were obtained after the mice were immunized by pGEX-4T-2-mammaglobin. 133 cases of normal serum and 127 cases of breast cancer serum were analyzed by ELISA. The sera expression level of mammaglobin in breast cancer group (average OD value 0.645±0.223) was significantly (p KEYWORDS mammaglobin; cloning expression; monoclonal antibody; serologic study; breast cancer.
Stress indicators to pre-slaughter transportation of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a synbiotic.

There is a growing interest concerning the welfare problems associated with harvesting, transportation and pre-slaughter handling of broilers. Transportation is a multifactor process associated with a variety of stressors which may covertly reduce welfare. Plasma corticosterone is elevated following a road which is consistent with the post-transport increase of heterophil: lymphocyte ratios (H/L ratios). Plasma corticosterone was compared with H/L ratio responses to various stressors and the latter was the better indicator of stress in poultry. In the present study, stress responses were evaluated in broiler chickens fed for 5 weeks a synbiotic Biomin IMBO (a combination of Enterococcus faecium), a pre-biotic (derived from ® chicory) and immune modulating substances (derived from sea algae), with a dose of 1 kg/ ton of the starter diets and 0.5 kg/ton of the grower diets). The birds were subjected to 80 km transport journey (90 min approximately). Heterophil (H) counts, Lymphocyte (L) counts and Heterophil to Lymphocyte (H/L) ratios were determined immediately on arrival and at 24 h following bird’s transport. The H/L ratios decreased after 24 h from arrival from transport journey by about 17 % for birds fed synbiotic BIOMIN IMBO compared with controls. However, a non significant increase in L counts and a non significant decrease in H counts and H/L ratios at 24 h following bird’s transport for birds fed BIOMIN IMBO compared with controls. In conclusion, feeding of BIOMIN IMBO relatively modulates the stress indicator of transported birds and relatively enhances tolerance to stress after pre-slaughter handling and transportation.
The exocytosis induced in HL‐60 cells by 4‐hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, is not prevented by reduced glutathione

The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) was studied on exocytosis triggered by 4‐hydroxynonenal in HL‐60 cells induced to differentiate towards the granulocytic cell line by dimethylsulfoxide; we measured β‐glucuronidase secretion from cells incubated at 37°C in the presence of 5 mM GSH. GSH addition to the cell suspensions failed to induce any significant change of the exocytosis stimulated by HNE concentrations between 10−8 and 10−6 M. In contrast however, 5 mM GSH was able to fully prevent the release of lactate dehydrogenase observed in the presence of 50 μM HNE, a concentration much higher than that able to stimulate the exocytotic secretion. As the activation of phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PLC) has been shown to play a major role in HNE‐induced exocytosis, we studied the GSH effect on the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate added to plasma membranes isolated from rat neutrophils and incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of the aldehyde. In neutrophil membranes HNE induced a significant increase of PLC activity when used in the same concentrations as those able to stimulate β‐glucuronidase secretion in DMSO‐differentiated HL‐60 cells; the presence of 5 mM GSH failed to prevent its action. Our results suggest that these low aldehyde concentrations, which have actually been found in exudates, may increase tissue damage in inflammation through the release of lytic enzymes by neutrophils; it seems unlikely that their effects could be influenced by the levels of ‐SH groups present in the exudate and by its protein concentration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic impact of intraoperative microscopic cut-through on frozen section in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE Although the literature suggests that a positive tumour margin on permanent section portends a poor oncologic outcome, the prognostic implication of microscopic tumour cut-through (ie, positive tumour margin on intraoperative frozen section) that is surgically revised to a negative final margin on permanent section is currently unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of microscopic tumour cut-through on disease recurrence and survival and to establish clinicopathologic variables associated with tumour cut-through. DESIGN A retrospective chart review. SETTING The Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto. METHODS Comprehensive clinicopathologic data were collected, including demography, clinical tumour staging (TNM), treatment, histopathologic details, recurrence, management, and follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Local cancer control and disease-specific survival were the main outcome measures of interest. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess outcome measures by patient group, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to test the association of various clinical factors and to identify independent prognostic factors of local control and disease-specific survival. RESULTS Sixty-five patients met inclusion criteria for our study (37 males; median age 64.4 years). Both local control and disease-specific survival were statistically significantly reduced in patients with positive intraoperative frozen section despite revision to obtain negative margins (p < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that microscopic tumour cut-through independently predicted poorer local control and disease-specific survival (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study in patients receiving primary surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma shows that microscopic tumour cut-through on intraoperative frozen section independently portends a poorer oncologic prognosis, regardless of ultimate tumour margin pathology.
Cost-effectiveness of nurse-led multifactorial care to prevent or postpone new disabilities in community-living older people: Results of a cluster randomized trial

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nurse-led multifactorial care to prevent or postpone new disabilities in community-living older people in comparison with usual care. Methods We conducted cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses alongside a cluster randomized trial with one-year follow-up. Participants were aged ≥ 70 years and at increased risk of functional decline. Participants in the intervention group (n = 1209) received a comprehensive geriatric assessment and individually tailored multifactorial interventions coordinated by a community-care registered nurse with multiple follow-up visits. The control group (n = 1074) received usual care. Costs were assessed from a healthcare perspective. Outcome measures included disability (modified Katz-Activities of Daily Living (ADL) index score), and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Statistical uncertainty surrounding Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) was estimated using bootstrapped bivariate regression models while adjusting for confounders. Results There were no statistically significant differences in Katz-ADL index score and QALYs between the two groups. Total mean costs were significantly higher in the intervention group (EUR 6518 (SE 472) compared with usual care (EUR 5214 (SE 338); adjusted mean difference €1457 (95% CI: 572; 2537). Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that the maximum probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 0.14 at a willingness to pay (WTP) of EUR 50,000 per one point improvement on the Katz-ADL index score and 0.04 at a WTP of EUR 50,000 per QALY gained. Conclusion The current intervention was not cost-effective compared to usual care to prevent or postpone new disabilities over a one-year period. Based on these findings, implementation of the evaluated multifactorial nurse-led care model is not to be recommended.
Technology coverage decisions by health care plans and considerations by medical directors.

OBJECTIVES Decisions made by private health care plans as to whether to cover new medical technology have a significant impact on access, diffusion, and costs. This study describes the variation in health plan coverage of different laser technologies and the types of considerations used in making coverage decisions for them. METHODS In a cross-sectional national survey of medical directors at private plans, medical directors indicated current coverage of 15 different laser therapies, and then ranked the top five considerations both in favor and against recommending coverage for three of the laser therapies (angioplasty, discectomy, and photodynamic therapy). The influence of explicit clinical information and/or plan characteristics on coverage and the importance of considerations was examined through multivariate analyses (multiple logistic or linear regression analysis). RESULTS Overall, 231 medical directors responded from plans representing 66% and 72% of persons in US health maintenance organization and indemnity plans, respectively. Current coverage for 13 of the 15 laser therapies varied between 20% and 90%. For-profit and indemnity plans covered approximately two more of the different laser technologies than nonprofit plans and health maintenance organizations. Considerations most frequently listed in favor of and against recommending coverage across the three laser technologies were clinical, economic, and regulatory. Legal, competitive, and compassionate concerns were listed less frequently. Considerations were not uniform across laser therapies; they reflected the specifics of the technology under review. Plan characteristics influenced the ranking of considerations as well. For instance, health maintenance organizations were two to three times more likely than indemnity plans to list potential for decreased cost in favor of recommending coverage. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that there is substantial variation in coverage of new technologies, indicating that a large proportion of the population covered by private health plans are ineligible for treatments that are routinely available to others. A greater range of medical therapy may be available for persons enrolled in indemnity and for-profit plans should their physicians choose to prescribe it. Clinical and economic considerations, including cost-effectiveness, predominate in coverage decisions for new technologies. The importance of considerations appears sensitive not only to specific clinical information, however, but also to characteristics of health plans.
Force steadiness, muscle activity, and maximal muscle strength in subjects with subacromial impingement syndrome

We investigated the effects of the subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) on shoulder sensory‐motor control and maximal shoulder muscle strength. It was hypothesized that both would be impaired due to chronic shoulder pain associated with the syndrome. Nine subjects with unilateral SIS who remained physically active in spite of shoulder pain and nine healthy matched controls were examined to determine isometric and isokinetic submaximal shoulder‐abduction force steadiness at target forces corresponding to 20%, 27.5%, and 35% of the maximal shoulder abductor torque, and maximal shoulder muscle strength (MVC). Electromyographic (EMG) activity was assessed using surface and intramuscular recordings from eight shoulder muscles. Force steadiness was impaired in SIS subjects during concentric contractions at the highest target force level only, with muscle activity largely unaffected. No between‐group differences in shoulder MVC were observed. The present data suggest that shoulder sensory‐motor control is only mildly impaired in subjects with SIS who are able to continue with upper body physical activity in spite of shoulder pain. Thus, physical activity should be continued by patients with SIS, if possible, to avoid the loss in neural and muscle functions associated with inactivity. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Amendment Voting with Incomplete Preferences : A Revealed Preference Approach to Robust Identification ∗

We study the outcome of the amendment voting procedure based on a potentially incomplete preference relation. A decision-maker evaluates candidates in a list and iteratively updates her choice by comparing the status-quo to the next candidate. She favors the status-quo when the two candidates are incomparable according to her underlying preference. Developing a revealed preference approach, we characterize all choice functions that can arise from such a procedure and discuss to what extent the underlying preference can be identified from observed choices. JEL Classification: D11
Class E Power Amplifiers using High-Q Inductors for Loosely Coupled Wireless Power Transfer System

A highly efficient class E power amplifier is demonstrated for application to wireless power transfer system. The amplifier is designed with an L-type matching at the output for harmonic rejection and output matching. The power loss and the effect of each component in the amplifier with the matching circuit are analyzed with the current ratio transmitted to the output load. Inductors with a quality factor of more than 120 are used in a dc feed and the matching circuit to improve transmission efficiency. The single-ended amplifier with 20 V supply voltage shows 7.7 W output power and 90.8% power added efficiency at 6.78 MHz. The wireless power transfer (WPT) system with the amplifier shows 5.4 W transmitted power and 82.3% overall efficiency. The analysis and measurements show that high-Q inductors are required for the amplifier design to realize highly efficient WPT system.
Endolaryngeal carbon dioxide laser arytenoidectomy: evaluation using the flow-volume loop.

BILATERAL vocal cord paralysis causes variable extrathoracic airway obstruction clinically resulting in stridor, shortness of breath, and change in voice quality. Many operative approaches have been suggested as treatment for bilateral vocal cord paralysis, including extralaryngeal,'-7 intralaryngeal,8-13 endoscopic,14-28 nerve-muscle-pedicle reinnervation,29 31 and tracheotomy. The objective of these procedures is to decrease vocal cord obstruction to airflow, but results have been equivocal and usually documented only by "'clinical impressions. " Though spirometric evaluation has not been found useful in assessing patients with vocal cord paralysis,22 flow-volume loops have graphically demonstrated the impediment to inspiratory airflow.33 Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery was introduced by Yahr and Strully in 196634 and its clinical applications in otolaryngology were begun by Jako35 and by Strong and Jako36 in 1972. Previous reports of laryngeal laser surgery have described the effects of different lasers and their characteristics (e.g., pulse, continuous wave, wavelength, power output),37,38 characterization of the immediate damage induced by the laser and healing of the lesion,39,40 and the clinical applications of lasers for the localized destruction of such small areas of epithelial tissue as polyps, carcinomas, papillomas4'-43 and arytenoidectomy44 for cricoarytenoid arthritis43 and bilateral vocal cord paralysis.45 While previously studying the qualitative and morphometric patterns produced by the C02 laser on laryngeal tissue,46 it was noted that cartilage
Subjective or objective binge: is the distinction valid?

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the distinction between objective and subjective binge episodes. METHOD Data were analyzed from 101 women who received 12 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for binge eating in a previous treatment study. Binges recorded by participants on daily food records were rated as either subjective or objective according to the Eating Disorder Examination rating guidelines. Unpaired t tests were performed to determine the relationship between type of binge, psychopathology, and other descriptive measures, including response to treatment. RESULTS These analyses revealed no significant differences between types of binge episodes. Of note is the observation that objective binge episodes appeared to decrease more rapidly than subjective episodes during treatment. DISCUSSION Future research should continue to investigate whether "large amount of food" is an appropriate criterion for the diagnosis of binge eating.
WHAT DO WE REGULARIZE AND WHAT IS REGULAR : RUSSIAN VERBS THROUGH THE CENTURIES

WHAT DO WE REGULARIZE AND WHAT IS REGULAR: RUSSIAN VERBS THROUGH THE CENTURIES One of the most notable and widespread long-term processes in language change is the regularization of morphological forms. It has been studied from various aspects, and questions that have been addressed include, for instance, who is most likely to eliminate irregularities, children or adults (Hudson Kam & Newport 2009), when irregularities are most likely to be eliminated, in what social circumstances (Berdichevskij 2012), which irregularities are most likely to be eliminated (Lieberman et al 2007, Carroll et al. 2012). In this paper, we deal with the latter question. We also show, however, that in order to get a reliable answer a more fundamental question has to be addressed first: What is regular for the speakers’ minds? The answer is not always obvious. In a well-known study where a neat correlation between the rate of regularization of irregular English verbs and the frequency of word usage was found, Lieberman et al. (2007) classify the -ed verbs as regular and all other verbs as irregular, which seems a logical thing to do. Studying the same process in German strong verbs, Carroll et al. (2012) also use a binary opposition, noting though that for German this decision presents certain problems. We perform a similar study on Russian verbs, which cannot be divided into two classes (“regular” and “irregular”). Of the 16 basic inflectional classes (Zaliznjak 1977), 5 are sometimes labelled “regular” and 11 “irregular”, but they are in fact irregular to a different extent. Since binary notation is not an option, an understanding of what regularity actually is and how it should be operationalized is required. We propose two metrics based on different intuitive understandings of what is regular. The first metric is form-based and answers the question about how different from each other the forms within one paradigm are. The second metric is based on type frequency and answers the question about how typical the inflectional pattern is in the given language (cf. Carroll et al. 2012: 163–165). It is well-known that many Russian verbs have changed inflectional class, most often by means of a so-called “suffix shift” (Nesset & Kuznetsova 2011). It is typically believed that verbs tend to move into a more regular class. We compile a list of the verbs that at some point of the millenial history of written Russian have changed class or are currently in the process of changing it (ca. 60 verbs). We use then both metrics to measure the change in regularity. On the whole, the regularity increases, although for some of the verbs a pattern attested in Old Russian is more regular (under both understandings) than the one currently existing. We analyze the intricate relationship of the regularization rate with token frequency and some other factors identified by previous research. Finally, we attempt to estimate which of the two understandings can be more useful for a universal definition of regularity that would be applicable to different languages, and how the two metrics correlate with each other.
CHAPTER 8 NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

The study of nonverbal behavior has captured the imagination and interest of researchers across a number of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, ethology, and linguistics to name but a few. At least since Darwin’s 1872 publication of The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals (see also Ekman 1998), the study of nonverbal behavior has been particularly central to researchers interested in emotion. Indeed, contemporary conceptualizations of emotion all include reference to nonverbal behaviors, particularly facial expressions, as integral to emotional responding, due not only to Darwin but also to the pioneering work of Tomkins, Izard, and Ekman in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, it has only been in the last two decades that research on the nature of emotion and psychopathology has illuminated the important role that nonverbal behaviors play in a variety of disorders (for reviews see Berenbaum et al. 2003; Keltner & Kring 1998; Kring 2001). This is somewhat surprising given the ubiquity of emotion problems in diVerent psychological disorders. Indeed, emotion disturbances Wgure prominently in many diVerent forms of psychopathology, whether they are ‘excesses’ in emotion, ‘deWcits’ in emotion, or the lack of coherence among emotional components. As illustrated in Table 8.1, many of the disorders found in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association 2000) include one or more symptoms reXecting an emotion disturbance. Much of the progress towards understanding the nature of emotion disturbances in psychopathology has been aided by the use of methods pioneered by basic emotion researchers. Indeed, basic research on the components of emotional responding in nonclinical populations has proven useful and relevant for the study of emotional dysfunction in clinical populations. However, considerably less research has been conducted on understanding how nonverbal behaviors outside the context of emotion may be related to the symptoms, etiology, or course of diVerent psychological disorders. In this chapter, we focus on the methods, complexities, and promises of studying emotional behavior in diVerent forms of adult psychopathology. After Wrst deWning emotion, we next consider in some detail some of the special considerations associated with studying emotional behavior in psychological disorders.
EFFECT OF EPHEDRA ALATA DECNE. ON LIPIDS METABOLISM OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS LINK

In Aspergillus flavus Link, the total lipid, sterols, neutral lipids, phospholipids and fatty acid content decreased significantly with the application of different concentrations of Ephedra alata Decne. extrtact. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 12 fatty acids namely, (caprylic (C8), capric (C10), lauric (C12), myristic (C14), palmitic (C16), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), α linolenic (C18:3), arachidic (C20) and arachidonic (C20:4) with total un-saturation per cent 69.78 in the cellular lipids of A. flavus. The use of E. alata extracts induced significant alteration in fatty acid profile towards increment saturation.