Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-reported sexual and psychosocial health among non-heterosexual Danes

Introduction: Little is known about the sexual and psychosocial health of non-heterosexual Danes. Based on a large population study, the aim of this article was to compare quality-of-life-related key variables of heterosexual and non-heterosexual men and women, aged 16–66. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional data from the nationwide, representative Health and Morbidity Survey (n = 8496) were used to compare variables concerning both general and sexual well-being of self-identified heterosexual and non-heterosexual respondents. Results: Nearly twice as many non-heterosexual than heterosexual men rated their sexual life as bad or very bad (22.5% versus 12.8%), while no statistical difference was seen among women (13.6% versus 10.6%). For both genders, significantly more non-heterosexuals than heterosexuals stated that their sexual needs were not met (17.9% versus 7.7% for men and 14.8% versus 6.9% for women), and significantly more non-heterosexuals reported acts of sexual violence (8.3% versus 2.1% for men and 35.8% versus 13.0% for women). Finally, non-heterosexual respondents had contemplated suicide more than twice as often as heterosexuals (15.9% versus 7.4% for men and 19.7% versus 8.3% for women). Actual suicide attempts were roughly three times more frequent in the non-heterosexual groups (8.3% versus 2.6 % for men and 11.8% versus 4.2% for women). Conclusions: Overall, non-heterosexual Danes reported higher degrees of sexual and/or psychosocial distress than heterosexuals. Further research is needed; but scientists, clinicians and public health workers should be aware that non-heterosexuals may pose specific health-related challenges and requirements.
Determining a Failure Root Cause Distribution From a Population of Layout-Aware Scan Diagnosis Results

The yield of an integrated circuit (IC) is well known to be a critical factor in the success of an IC in the market place. Achieving high stable yields helps ensure that the product is profitable and meets quality and reliability objectives. When a new manufacturing process is introduced, or a new product is introduced on a mature manufacturing process, yields will tend to be significantly lower than acceptable. The ability to meet profitability and quality objectives, and perhaps more importantly, time-to-market and time-to-volume objectives depend greatly on the rate at which these low yields can be ramped up. While the yield ramp depends on both the yield learning and yield enhancement cycle times, this work focuses on significantly increasing the value of test data and the yield learning rate.
Skull Expansion in Experimental Craniosynostosis

Bilateral coronal suture immobilization was performed in 9‐day‐old rabbits to simulate the brachycephaly deformity characteristic of coronal synostosis. Growth abnormalities were documented by serial radiographic cephalometry. A “corrective” linear craniectomy procedure was performed on the rabbits with an immobilized coronal suture at 60 days of age. The degree of amelioration of the induced abnormalities by the surgery in these animals was compared with a similar group of animals that had the same surgery plus supplemental implantation of a spring expansion device at the coronal suture craniectomy site. The mean marker separation at the coronal suture was significantly greater (5.61 mm ± 0.52 SE versus 2.53 mm ± 0.38 SE; p < 0.05) following spring expander implantation than with linear craniectomy alone. Similarly, induced anterior cranial base shortening and distortion of craniofacial cephalometrics were more significantly improved by the additional use of the spring expansion device.
Inhibition of Captopril‐Induced Renin Release by Angiotensin II

Summary The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (CE1) captopril has been shown to elevate plasma renin activity (PRA) and prostaglandin E2 levels, and to lower blood pressure and angiotensin II (AII) levels. Renin is secreted in both active and inactive forms: however, the interrelationship of these forms and responses to captopril are unclear. We proposed to determine if PRA rise induced by captopril is due primarily to release from All inhibition, and if inactive renin is converted to active renin when PRA increases. Seven normal volunteers were given captopril, 50 mg orally, while on a moderately sodium-restricted diet (35 mEq/day). Changes in PRA and total and inactive renin. as well as prostaglandin E2, were measured. Then, on two different occasions, the captopril dose was preceded or followed by infusion of All, to negate changes in All induced by CEI. The dose of All was obtained by dose-response infusion until a minimal increase in blood pressure occurred. Active renin increased with captopril alone, from 8.2 to 48.3 ng/ml/h by 90 min (p < 0.01). All completely blocked the rise in PRA induced by captopril, whether given before or after captopril. Inactive renin did not decline as active renin increased over the 90-min study. Therefore, the PRA rise induced by captopril is mediated through a fall in All levels and loss of feedback on renin-secreting cells. The rise in PRA comes from secretion of active renin rather than conversion from inactive renin.
Frequency of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases and Parametrial Involvement in Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer: A Population-Based Study and Literature Review

Background: The frequency of lymph node metastases in stage IA2 cervical cancer is reported to range from 0% to 9.7%. Treatment recommendations vary likewise from a cone biopsy to a Wertheim radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. The objective of this study was to get insight into the true frequency of lymph node metastases and/or parametrial involvement in stage IA2 cervical cancer. Methods: The hospital records of 48 patients with stage IA2 cervical carcinoma who registered from 1994 to 2006 were reviewed, and a literature search was performed. Results: Of 48 registered patients, 14 were confirmed to have stage IA2. No lymph node metastases or parametrial invasion and recurrences were found. The collated literature data showed a risk of lymph node metastases of 4.8% (range, 0%-9.7%). The presence of adenocarcinoma and the absence of lymph vascular space invasion resulted in a low risk on lymph node metastases (0.3% and 1.3%, respectively). Parametrial involvement has not been reported. Conclusions: The risk of the selected patients with stage IA2 cervical cancer on lymph node metastases is low. In patients with stage IA2 squamous cell cancer with lymph vascular space invasion, a standard pelvic lymph node dissection should be recommended. Parametrectomy should be included if the nodes are positive. In the other patients, the treatment can be individualized and does not have to include lymph node dissection or parametrectomy.
Islamic Calendar Anomalies: Evidence from Pakistan

This study investigates Islamic calendar anomalies in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), using KSE-100 Index data over the period 1991-2014. The findings show significant volatility of stock returns during Islamic months of Safar, Rabbi-ul-Awwal and Zil-hajj. However, there is no evidence of abnormal returns in any Islamic month. These findings do not provide a compelling evidence of Islamic calendar anomalies in Pakistani market.
Multipotent Stromal Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy Approaches in the Guinea Pig Model

Multipotent stromal cells have become of increasing interest due to their potential to provide therapeutic approaches for autologous tissue repair. However, these cells are not well defined in the guinea pig, which represents an important model in hearing research. Adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) and bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) were isolated from different donor sites, and growth curves were generated to judge the proliferation potential. Adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was induced and confirmed histologically. Finally, the capability of guinea pig ADSC to differentiate into neuron-like cells was investigated. With regard to the expansion potential, total cell number and doubling time, ADSC from the neck were the most suitable cells of the tested donor sites. Both ADSC and BMSC showed nearly identical behaviour and ability to undergo multilineage differentiation. Thus, we identified ADSC from the neck as a promising cell source for autologous cell-based approaches in hearing research using the guinea pig model.
An RNA-binding protein recognizes a mammalian selenocysteine insertion sequence element required for cotranslational incorporation of selenocysteine

In mammalian selenoprotein mRNAs, the recognition of UGA as selenocysteine requires selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements that are contained in a stable stem-loop structure in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). In this study, we investigated the SECIS elements and cellular proteins required for selenocysteine insertion in rat phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PhGPx). We developed a translational readthrough assay for selenoprotein biosynthesis by using the gene for luciferase as a reporter. Insertion of a UGA or UAA codon into the coding region of luciferase abolished luciferase activity. However, activity was restored to the UGA mutant, but not to the UAA mutant, upon insertion of the PhGPx 3' UTR. The 3' UTR of rat glutathione peroxidase (GPx) also allowed translational readthrough, whereas the PhGPx and GPx antisense 3' UTRs did not. Deletion of two conserved SECIS elements in the PhGPx 3' UTR (AUGA in the 5' stem or AAAAC in the terminal loop) abolished readthrough activity. UV cross-linking studies identified a 120-kDa protein in rat testis that binds specifically to the sense strands of the PhGPx and GPx 3' UTRs. Direct cross-linking and competition experiments with deletion mutant RNAs demonstrated that binding of the 120-kDa protein requires the AUGA SECIS element but not AAAAC. Point mutations in the AUGA motif that abolished protein binding also prevented readthrough of the UGA codon. Our results suggest that the 120-kDa protein is a significant component of the mechanism of selenocysteine incorporation in mammalian cells.
Effect of Aging on Urban Land Prices in China

This paper investigates the effect of demographic changes on land prices in urban China using an Overlapping Generation (OLG) model. The model suggests that the rapid rise in land prices could be explained by the rise in per capita income and demographic changes. This finding is validated by fitting the historical data of China. We then simulate land price dynamics for China from 2000 to 2100. The simulation indicates that the rate of rising in land prices is softening. From 2035 to 2055, the effect of demographic changes on urban land prices in China will be close to zero. After 2055, the effect will turn to negative until the end of this century; however, a meltdown is unlikely.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE VILLAIN IN HOLLYWOOD

All kinds of films, from animation to comedy, live on conflict: the conflict between the good and the bad, the old and the new, or between other elements enhances humorous aspects in a comedy whereas the tension in a thriller. Film scenario would neither flow without the element of conflict nor can audience expectation be kept alive. For this reason, villains are required in films as much as heroes. “Villain”, existing since the birth of film, has constantly been in a struggle with the hero. In this fight, sometimes the hero and sometimes the villain seem to be winning. “Villains” are also based on a broad scale; some villains are like that by birth, some become villains due to the conditions, some like being bad, and some just cannot inhibit their instincts. No matter which type, in classical Hollywood narrative cinema – and in Turkish cinema that copied its basic structure from the former – the villain is condemned to lose. However, the weight of the villain in the film has been changing as an increasing trend since the 1960s; sometimes the characters selected as villains are pictured as the protagonists of the film and sometimes they defeat the good and win. Two reasons are pointed out for this increasing trend: the first one is the moderation regarding censorship laws and the second is the transformation in the expectation of the audience. The answer sought by this study is to the question of which one of these two reasons affect the other to what extent. In the study, the transformation of censorship laws since the birth of film is being analyzed specifically within Hollywood, which uses state of the art technology in film production industry, has a leading role in influencing the development of world cinema in addition to having by far the greatest number of audience on a global scale, and also this important transformation observed in villains is being examined. As an example to this transformation, for both its outstanding revenue and the shocking eccentricity of the villain portrait it draws, The Dark Knight (2008) will be discussed and interpreted in detailed analysis within the framework of the subject.
DEGRADATION OF PYRUVATE BY MICROCOCCUS LACTILYTICUS I

McCormick, N. G. (University of Washington, Seattle), E. J. Ordal, and H. R. Whiteley. Degradation of pyruvate by Micrococcus lactilyticus. I. General properties of the formate-exchange reaction (J. Bacteriol. 83:887–898. 1962. —At an alkaline pH, extracts of Micrococcus lactilyticus2 catalyze the phosphoroclastic degradation of pyruvate to formate and acetyl phosphate and the rapid exchange of formate into the carboxyl group of pyruvate. At an acid pH, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetyl phosphate are produced, and carbon dioxide is exchanged into the carboxyl group of pyruvate. A concentration of approximately 1 m phosphate is required for the phosphoroclastic reaction and formate exchange; the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is greatly inhibited by high concentrations of phosphate. Formate exchange requires a divalent metal ion and is stimulated by reducing agents and an atmosphere of hydrogen. Inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate, Zn++, Cd++, and arsenite indicates that sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme are involved in the reaction; the inhibition by arsenite and Cd++ may be relieved by 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, suggesting that vicinal dithiols may be required. Inhibition by hypophosphite may reflect a competition with formate for a site on the enzyme. At an alkaline pH, α-ketobutyrate is degraded to propionate and formate, whereas α-ketoglutarate is fermented to succinate, propionate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and formate. Formate is exchanged into the carboxyl groups of α-ketobutyrate and α-ketoglutarate under these conditions. Only traces of α-ketovalerate and α-ketoisovalerate are fermented at an alkaline pH and the exchange of formate into these compounds is very low. The addition of viologen dyes under the conditions used for formate exchange causes a reduction of pyruvate, α-ketobutyrate, α-ketovalerate, and α-ketoisovalerate to the corresponding α-hydroxy acids.
Lung function and aerobic capacity in adult patients following modified Fontan procedure

OBJECTIVE To examine cardiopulmonary performance in 52 adult patients with a Fontan circulation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Values of maximum oxygen uptake (Vo 2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were compared with predictive values for different age groups. Patients were further subdivided into those with a pulmonary artery connection (RA–PA) or right atrium to right ventricle conduit (RA–RV). RESULTS At late follow up (median 10 years, range 1 to 26 years), patients with Fontan circulation had greatly diminished Vo 2max, HRmax, FVC, and FEV1 compared with predicted values. Early age at surgery had a positive impact on aerobic capacity. The FEV1:FVC ratio indicated restrictive lung function. No differences were found with respect to any variable between patients with RA–PA connections and those with RA–RV connections. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a Fontan circulation have greatly diminished values of aerobic capacity and a restrictive pattern of lung function. Patients with an early surgical procedure obtained higher values of Vo 2max. The theoretical benefits of including the right ventricle in a Fontan circulation were not apparent.
Bioevaluation of the Antibacterial Flumequine for Urinary Tract Use

The antimicrobial activity of flumequine (R-802) was characterized by in vitro and in vivo procedures. Assay of the minimal inhibitory concentrations for 321 recent clinical isolates revealed that 88% of the gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by an R-802 concentration of 6.2 μg/ml or less. Cross-resistance in laboratory-derived mutants of Proteus vulgaris was essentially complete for R-802, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid, although quantitative differences were evident. R-802 was more effective than either of these quinolone antibacterials in preventing the development of experimental murine pyelonephritis (P. vulgaris). R-802 and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1:5) were equally effective in resolving a P. mirabilis-induced prostatitis of rats.
The Politics of Finance: How Capital Sways African Central Banks

Abstract While there is a large literature on the politics of central banking its insights are difficult to translate to sub-Saharan Africa. This article addresses gaps in this literature by considering how the interests of those who control financial resources sway African central banks. Case studies of Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda demonstrate that variation in the sources of capital on which countries rely to finance investment helps to account for the pattern of variation in central bank policy stances. The analysis further develops and probes arguments about power derived from the control of capital in the context of developing countries.
Is Welfare Working? A qualitative longitudinal multi-case study on the experiences of young unemployed people engaging with Active Labour Market Policies, in the North-East of England.

This thesis explores the lived experiences of 28 young people in seven locations in the North-East of England who were unemployed and engaging with aspects of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) between 2012 and 2014. The research set out to give young people who were directly affected by these Active Labour Market Policies, particularly in the context of shifting levels of support for young unemployed people and increasing conditionality and sanctions associated to benefits, a voice about how this was impacting on them. The research adopted a qualitative longitudinal multi-case study approach. The findings document the young people’s barriers to employment and their related perspectives and experiences of the JobCentre Plus in particular as an interface of the government’s ALMPs. It was found that corrective methods to unemployment kept churning these young people between being off benefits, albeit short-term, and back on again as new claimants. It was not a simple case of young people choosing not to work; there was an inter-play between structure and agency. The structure of place and institutions that interacted with these young people shaped the choices the young people chose or were able to make. Here the research argues that the structure of agency needs to be addressed in order to tackle youth unemployment.
Toward a dynamic capabilities scale: measuring organizational sensing, seizing, and transforming capacities

To date, no standard scale exists for measuring dynamic capabilities. This limits the comparability of empirical findings and impairs data-based theory development. This article presents the development of a 14-item scale based on Teece’s (2007, Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1319–1350) well-established dynamic capability framework, assessing sensing, seizing, and transforming capacities. It describes the rigorous empirical scale development procedure comprising the steps of (i) item generation, (ii) scale purification (n = 269), and (iii) scale confirmation (n = 307). The scale shows high reliability and validity and is a solid predictor of business and innovation performance.
The biodynamics of arboreal locomotion: the effects of substrate diameter on locomotor kinetics in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

SUMMARY Effects of substrate diameter on locomotor biodynamics were studied in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Two horizontal substrates were used: a flat `terrestrial' trackway with a force platform integrated into the surface and a cylindrical `arboreal' trackway (20.3 mm diameter) with a force-transducer instrumented region. On both terrestrial and arboreal substrates, fore limbs exhibited higher vertical impulse and peak vertical force than hind limbs. Although vertical limb impulses were lower on the terrestrial substrate than on the arboreal support, this was probably due to speed effects because the opossums refused to move as quickly on the arboreal trackway. Vertical impulse decreased significantly faster with speed on the arboreal substrate because most of these trials were relatively slow, and stance duration decreased with speed more rapidly at these lower speeds. While braking and propulsive roles were more segregated between limbs on the terrestrial trackway, fore limbs were dominant both in braking and in propulsion on the arboreal trackway. Both fore and hind limbs exerted equivalently strong, medially directed limb forces on the arboreal trackway and laterally directed limb forces on the terrestrial trackway. We propose that the modifications in substrate reaction force on the arboreal trackway are due to the differential placement of the limbs about the dorsolateral aspect of the branch. Specifically, the pes typically made contact with the branch lower and more laterally than the manus, which may explain the significantly lower required coefficient of friction in the fore limbs relative to the hind limbs.
Attitudes, Age, And Participation In Mammographic Screening: A Prospective Analysis

Background: To address the needs of older women, we investigated age-specific attitudes toward mammography that might be influenced by written or verbal communications. Methods: Attitudinal scores for women aged 40 through 64 years and 65 years and older were calculated prospectively from responses to a mailed questionnaire based on the theory of reasoned action. Age-group mean scores were compared using t-tests for eight components of the attitude measure. Score correlations with participation were compared between age groups using multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 919 eligible women, 666 (72 percent) completed the study questionnaire, and 433 (65 percent) of the 666 women obtained mammograms. A woman aged 65 years or older was less likely to believe that mammography could find a cancer that she (P < 0.01) or her physician (P < 0.05) could not find, and she valued this characteristic less than a younger woman in each instance (P < 0.01). The belief that mammography involved asymptomatic detection was more highly correlated with participation in older women (P < 0.05), as was the attitude that mammography was unfamiliar, but acceptable (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Older women are less likely to understand that mammography can find cancers that might be missed by other screening methods. Communications to encourage mammography among older women should explain its strengths and familiarize them with the procedure. Communications to younger women need to consider other factors.