Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Year Field Monitoring of Cry1F, Event DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, Maize Hybrids for Nontarget Arthropod Effects

ABSTRACT Field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to investigate the potential effects of cultivating transgenic maize hybrids containing a Cry1F insect-resistant protein on nontarget arthropod abundance. The narrow spectrum of activity of Cry1F against a subset of lepidopteran pest species would not suggest broad-spectrum effects on nontarget arthropods. However, because of the insecticidal nature of Bt proteins, an alternate hypothesis is that some nontargets may be affected by exposure to the protein. To examine this hypothesis at the field level, monitoring for nontarget organism abundance was initiated at four locations across the U.S. Corn Belt from 2004 through 2006. At each location, paired fields (≈0.8 ha each) of commercial Cry1F maize hybrids and isogenic nontransgenic control hybrids were planted. Sampling methods used to monitor nontarget organisms included visual surveillance, sticky cards, pitfall traps, and litterbags. Data were analyzed using multivariate analyses to look for a general community level response to the treatments. Analysis of variance was conducted on individual taxa to detect differences distinct from the primary community response. Community level analyses of the nontarget arthropod abundance showed no significant impact on community abundance when comparing Bt with non-Bt maize fields. Analyses of the individual taxa also showed no significant differences in abundance between Bt and non-Bt fields. Results of these studies confirm earlier laboratory testing and support the hypothesis that Cry1F maize does not produce adverse effects on nontarget arthropods occurring in maize fields.
WLC19-1: Enhancing The Performance of Wireless LANs in Error-Prone Environment

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to improve the performance of wireless local area networks (WLANs) in error-prone environment. The key idea of the scheme is to partition a frame into several blocks, and then to retransmit only the blocks that encountered errors in the previous transmission. To evaluate the performance of the scheme, we also develop an analytical model to analyze the saturated throughput performance. Extensive simulation and analysis results show that, 1) the proposed scheme can significantly improve the throughput performance of WLANs in error-prone conditions; 2) an optimum block size can lead to the maximum saturated throughput; 3) with an appropriate block size, the throughput can increase with the increase of the size of a frame, even in error-prone environment; and 4) the analytical results are highly accurate.
Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein 1 (Tppp1) Phosphorylation by Rho-associated Coiled-coil Kinase (Rock) and Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 (Cdk1) Inhibits Microtubule Dynamics to Increase Cell Proliferation*

Background: Tppp1 regulates microtubule dynamics and cell growth. Results: Tppp1-mediated inhibition of the G1/S-phase and the mitosis to G1-phase transitions are relieved by Rock and Cdk1 phosphorylation. Conclusion: Cell cycle-dependent Tppp1 phosphorylation regulates cell proliferation. Significance: The newly discovered role of Tppp1 and its regulatory pathways in cell growth might have important implications in hyper-proliferative diseases. Tubulin polymerization promoting protein 1 (Tppp1) regulates microtubule (MT) dynamics via promoting MT polymerization and inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 (Hdac6) activity to increase MT acetylation. Our results reveal that as a consequence, Tppp1 inhibits cell proliferation by delaying the G1/S-phase and the mitosis to G1-phase transitions. We show that phosphorylation of Tppp1 by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (Rock) prevents its Hdac6 inhibitory activity to enable cells to enter S-phase. Whereas, our analysis of the role of Tppp1 during mitosis revealed that inhibition of its MT polymerizing and Hdac6 regulatory activities were necessary for cells to re-enter the G1-phase. During this investigation, we also discovered that Tppp1 is a novel Cyclin B/Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase) substrate and that Cdk phosphorylation of Tppp1 inhibits its MT polymerizing activity. Overall, our results show that dual Rock and Cdk phosphorylation of Tppp1 inhibits its regulation of the cell cycle to increase cell proliferation.
Interfacial Tensions of Lipolyzed Milk Fat-Water Systems

Summary The average interfacial tensions (in dynes per centimeter) of control and lipolyzed milk fat-water systems were, respectively: extracted fat—5.4, 4.0, af ter removal of free fatty acids—5.9, 2.7, after removal of acetone insoluble lipids—11.8, 5.4, and after removal of monoglycerides (as part of 80% ethanol-soluble lipids)—24.4, 22.7. It appears that monoglycerides deereased interfacial tension to some extent.
A randomized controlled trial of individual placement and support in Japan.

OBJECTIVE The individual placement and support (IPS) model of supported employment has been implemented throughout North America and Europe, with multiple randomized controlled trials documenting its effectiveness, but it has not been widely implemented in Asia. To date, no rigorous evaluations of IPS have been conducted in Japan. We sought to evaluate whether IPS could be implemented in Japan and produce superior competitive employment outcomes compared with conventional vocational services. METHOD We employed a randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up; 18 participants were randomly assigned to IPS and 19 to conventional vocational services. We assessed competitive employment rates, hours and weeks worked, and wages earned. RESULTS Over the 6-month follow-up period, IPS participants were more likely than those in usual care to work competitively (44.4% for IPS vs. 10.5% for controls, p = .022), work more hours (mean of 168 hr for IPS vs. 41 hr for controls, p = .002), and work more weeks (mean of 6.4 weeks for IPS vs. 1.8 weeks for controls, p = .003). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE IPS can be implemented in Japan and yield better competitive employment outcomes than conventional vocational services. Adoption of the IPS model might have a dramatic impact on the mental health service system in Japan where psychiatric hospitals play a central role in mental health care.
When a One-Hour Time Difference is Too Much: Temporal Boundaries in Global Virtual Work

Coordinating across several time zones has been considered challenging in global collaboration, whereas small time differences have not received much attention in the literature. In this paper, we argue that instead of focusing on the time zone differences per se, temporal boundaries in global virtual work should be studied in terms of discontinuities and continuities. Drawing from organizational discontinuity theory, we argue that temporal boundaries are not symmetrical to global collaborators and, furthermore, that small time differences can sometimes be even more challenging than large time differences in global virtual work. Based on interview data from 93 participants from four different organizations, we show that the visibility of a temporal boundary (i.e., magnitude and direction of the time zone difference) and the physical, administrative, categorical, and individual characteristics related to temporality play important roles in how discontinuities emerge and how continuities are constructed in global virtual work.
Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. III. The metabolism of 5-fluorouracil-2-C14 and 5-fluoroorotic-2-C14 acid in vivo.

Summary 1.The excretion, distribution, and metabolism of 5-fluorouracil-2-C 14 and 5-Fluoroorotic-2-C 14 acid have been studied in normal and tumor-bearing mice and in a human cancer patient. 2.Both compounds were rapidly excreted in the urine. 5-Fluorouracil was excreted unchanged shortly after injection. At later times several as yet uncharacterized metabolites were excreted. The radiocarbon appeared much more extentively in the respiratory carbon dioxide following 5-fluorouracil injection than after 5-fluoroorotic acid administration. 3.At all times after intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil into mice bearing Sarcoma 180, a higher specific activity was found in the tumor than in all other tissues investigated. In the cancer patient the tumor biopsy had a higher specific activity than surrounding skin, muscle, fat, and a liver biopsy. No selective localization of radioactivity in tumor occurred with labeled 5 fluoroorotic acid. 4.5-Fluorouracil and 5-fluoroorotic acid were converted into acid-soluble fluorouridine nucleotides at the mono-, di-, and triphosphate levels, and were incorporated into RNA, but not DNA, in mouse liver, spleen, Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and a human metastatic carcinoma. The incorporation into RNA at most represented a quantity equivalent to 6 per cent of the uracil content. 5-Fluoroorotic acid was decarboxylated and was present in the RNA as 5-fluorouracil in nucleotide linkage, most probably distributed randomly throughout the macromolecule.
Modelling Various Solar Cells Materials Using Lorentzian-Drude Coefficients

In order to develop an optoelectronic model for simulating different light trapping structures sandwiching the photovoltaic active layer, determining the materials dispersion and absorption properties is a must. The targeted model should be able to simulate the desperation and absorption capabilities of different conductor and semiconductor materials over the entire sun spectrum (200 nm to 1700 nm). Therefore, the Lorentzian-Dude (LD) model is chosen due to its simplicity in implementation with the finite difference time domain algorithm chosen for optical modelling. In this paper, various materials are selected to be modelled with the LD model. The proposed algorithm is not only used for modelling material behaviour of various conducting materials published in literature, but is also used for other conducting and semiconducting materials that the original model was not capable of modelling over the entire range of spectrum. Besides that, the suggested algorithm showed a better time performance than those mentioned in literature. Experimental 1D grating structure prototype samples were made to validate the simulation results, showing perfect agreement.
Drug Dissolution from Indomethacin‐starch Hybrid Powders Prepared by the Dry Impact Blending Method

Abstract— Indomethacin was hybridized with potato starch using a dry impact blending method. Resultant hybrid powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction. Amorphous indomethacin spread over the starch surface in a layer immediately after being hybridized, and then gradually reverted to fine crystalline particles adhering firmly to the starch surface. Indomethacin dissolution from the hybrid powder was compared with those from physical mixtures and granules taken from a commercially available capsule. Indomethacin dissolution from powder and capsule dosage forms, even in an acidic medium, was drastically accelerated by the hybridization.
Sympathectomy and pharmacological blockade in trained rats.

Several investigations have beer1 made, both in humans and in animals, to analyze the mechanisms causing the resting bradycardia and the relative bradycardia during exercise evoked by physical training. Sortie investigators have used trained rats for this purpose, although only with iiieasureriicnts of heart rate at rest (Ostinan arid Sjostrand 1971, Tiptori 1965). In this study nieasurements of the heart rate of rats were made at different levels of exercise before and after training-. The purpose was to exarriine the effectiveness of running on a treadmill in producing relative bradycardia during exercise. Further investigations about the bradycardia of training were also made by performing work tests after pharinacological blockade o f the different portions of the autonomic nervous system.
Value of Urodynamics Before Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether a strategy of immediate surgery was noninferior to a strategy based on discordant urodynamic findings followed by individually tailored therapy in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: A multicenter diagnostic cohort study with an embedded noninferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted in six academic and 24 nonacademic Dutch hospitals. Women with predominant SUI eligible for surgical treatment based on clinical assessment were included between January 2009 and November 2010. All patients underwent urodynamics. In patients in whom urodynamics were discordant with clinical assessment, participants were randomly allocated to receive either immediate surgery or individually tailored therapy based on urodynamics. The primary outcome was clinical improvement assessed by the Urogenital Distress Inventory 12 months after baseline. Analysis was by intention to treat; a difference in mean improvement of 5 points or less was considered noninferior. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy-eight women with SUI were studied, of whom 268 (46%) had discordant findings. One hundred twenty-six patients gave informed consent for randomization and were allocated to receive immediate surgery (n=64) or individually tailored therapy (n=62). The mean improvement measured with the Urogenital Distress Inventory after 1 year was 44 points (±24) in the group receiving immediate surgery and 39 (±25) points in the group receiving individually tailored treatment. The difference in mean improvement was 5 points in favor of the group receiving immediate surgery (95% confidence interval −∞ to 5). There were no differences with respect to cure or complication rate. CONCLUSION: In women with uncomplicated SUI, an immediate midurethral sling operation is not inferior to individually tailored treatment based on urodynamic findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT00814749. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
GAMETIC INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN SPECIES OF THE SEA URCHIN ECHINOMETRA ON THE TWO SIDES OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA

The Pliocene rise of the Central American Isthmus has resulted in numerous “geminate pairs,” i.e., closely related species, one on each coast. Such species pairs can provide information on the evolution of isolating mechanisms in allopatry and on the relationship between genetic divergence and reproductive isolation in populations separated at a known time. The sea urchin genus Echinometra has one species, E. vanbrunti, in the eastern Pacific, and two, E. lucunter and E. viridis, in the Caribbean. E. viridis is morphologically distinct from the other two species, leading to the conclusion that E. lucunter and E. vanbrunti constitute a geminate pair. Allozyme data, on the other hand, place the speciation event of the two currently sympatric species after the rise of the Isthmus. We report fertilization experiments between the gametes of the three species performed to determine degree of reproductive isolation. Crosses between E. viridis and E. vanbrunti produce rates of fertilization almost equal to those manifested in homogamic crosses. Sperm of E. lucunter can fertilize eggs of the other two species, but few of its eggs permit fertilization by heterospecific sperm. Contrary to the predictions of the “speciation by reinforcement” hypothesis, degree of incompatibility between the allopatric E. lucunter and E. vanbrunti is higher than between the sympatric E. lucunter and E. viridis. Despite the incomplete and unidirectional nature of their gametic isolation, E. lucunter and E. viridis maintain their genetic integrities. Consideration of the likely phylogenetic relationships between the three species suggests that incompatibility of E. lucunter eggs with heterospecific sperm has evolved in the last 3.5 million years, after the rise of the Isthmus. There is no correlation between genetic divergence and strength of reproductive isolation, either within Echinometra, or among the geminate species pairs of echinoids that have been studied to date. Because recognition between echinoid gametes depends on the chemical compositions of a sperm protein and an egg glycoprotein, the appearance of gametic isolation would require only the fixation of a few mutations in each population on either side of a geographic barrier and could be independent of any other kind of genetic divergence. Thus, in animals with external fertilization, speciation need not be accompanied by major genomic reorganization.
Chapter 4 Comorbidity and early intervention / prevention

The aim of this chapter is to consider the question — Do prevention and early intervention programs for the major internalising (anxiety and depression) and externalising (behavioural) disorders in young people hold promise for reducing the incidence of substance use disorders in the community? The question is important for several reasons. First, substance use disorders represent a substantial health problem in society with significant economic and human costs. Second, traditional prevention strategies that focus on psychoeducation regarding the dangers of using alcohol and drugs, or teaching youth skills for resisting pressure to use substances, have generally been unsuccessful. Third, there is considerable evidence suggesting comorbidity between internalising and externalising problems and substance use problems (see Chapter 3). Therefore, it would seem plausible that early intervention and prevention strategies for internalising and externalising problems could impact on the incidence of substance use disorders. Addressing comorbid conditions is a vital concern for health professionals as comorbidity often means that the course of the problems is more chronic and severe compared with single disorders, and it can create more substantial social and occupational decline for the diagnosed person.
Correlation of variability in structure with variability in synaptic connections of an identified interneuron in locusts

Numerous reports have described variability in the morphology of identified neurons; none, however, has previously reported variability in the pattern of synaptic connection. In this report we describe variability in the synaptic connections of an identified interneuron in two species of locust (Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria) and show that this variability is associated with a large variation in the structure of the interneuron.
A Gravity Model of Migration between Enc and EU

Due to ageing population and low birth rates, the European Union (EU) will need to import foreign labour in the next decades. In this context, the EU neighbouring countries (ENC) are the main countries of origin and transit of legal and illegal migration towards Europe. Their economic, cultural and historical links also make them an important potential source of labour force. The objective of this paper is to analyse past and future trends in ENC-EU bilateral migration relationships. With this aim, two different empirical analyses are carried out. First, we specify and estimate a gravity model for nearly 200 countries between 1960 and 2010; and, second, we focus on within EU-27 migration flows before and after the enlargement of the EU. Our results show a clear increase in migratory pressures from ENC to the EU in the near future, but South-South migration will also become more relevant.
Immunosilencing a Highly Immunogenic Protein Trimerization Domain*

Background: Trimerization domains are commonly used to stabilize trimeric protein vaccines and therapeutics. Results: The GCN4-based isoleucine zipper domain induces strong antibody responses in vivo but this can be overcome by introducing glycans. Conclusion: Appropriately positioned glycans can effectively immunosilence the GCN4-based trimerization domain. Significance: Immunosilencing trimerization domains could be important for the exploitation of trimerization domains in protein vaccines and therapeutics. Many therapeutic proteins and protein subunit vaccines contain heterologous trimerization domains, such as the widely used GCN4-based isoleucine zipper (IZ) and the T4 bacteriophage fibritin foldon (Fd) trimerization domains. We found that these domains induced potent anti-IZ or anti-Fd antibody responses in animals when fused to an HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogen. To dampen IZ-induced responses, we constructed an IZ domain containing four N-linked glycans (IZN4) to shield the underlying protein surface. When fused to two different vaccine antigens, HIV-1 Env and influenza hemagglutinin (HA), IZN4 strongly reduced the antibody responses against the IZ, but did not affect the antibody titers against Env or HA. Silencing of immunogenic multimerization domains with glycans might be relevant for therapeutic proteins and protein vaccines.
Regulation of negative emotions in high trait anxious individuals: an ERP study

Literature has shown that failures in the ability to down-regulate negative emotions are the core substrate of anxiety disorders. Previous studies have investigated this issue by encouraging individuals to voluntarily change how they think about a situation in order to decrease its emotional impact. The majority of studies has demonstrated that explicit instructions to reduce negative affect in anxious individuals are usually ineffective. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate whether an implicit regulation strategy would modulate electrophysiological activity (Late Positive Potential) associated to affective picture viewing. The Late Positive Potential (LPP) is a sustained positive deflection in the event-related potential that is larger following the presentation of emotional compared to neutral visual stimuli. Participants (low trait anxious - LTA and high trait anxious - HTA individuals) performed an attention task (bar orientation discrimination) while emotional distractive pictures were presented. The task was performed in two different contexts: in the Real context, participants were informed that the distractive pictures had been obtained from real life situations, whereas in the Fictitious context they were told that the pictures had been obtained from movie scenes. In this vein, we encouraged participants to change how they appraised the pictures. Results showed that HTA individuals exhibited larger Late Positive Potential (LPPs) when mutilation pictures were presented in the Real context. Importantly, during the Fictitious one (regulation strategy) the LPP was reduced even in HTA individuals, emphasizing its importance to psychotherapeutic interventions. The present results indicate that HTA individuals are susceptible to modifications in affective contexts.
THE P-T-t HISTORY OF A BARROVIAN SEQUENCE IN DUTCHESS COUNTY, NEW YORK, AND THE ADJACENT PART OF CONNECTICUT

Title of Document: THE P–T–t HISTORY OF A BARROVIAN SEQUENCE IN DUTCHESS COUNTY, NEW YORK, AND THE ADJACENT PART OF CONNECTICUT Yan Chen, Master of Science, 2009 Directed By: Professor Michael Brown and Associate Research Scientist Philip M. Piccoli Department of Geology The P–T–t history of a Barrovian sequence in Dutchess County, New York and the adjacent part of Connecticut was studied. Using the average P–T mode in THERMOCALC, the following P–T results were calculated for the garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite-K-feldspar zones (1σ uncertainties): 5.2±0.8 kbar, 570±12°C; 5.9±1.1 kbar, 557±12°C; 6.4±1.1 kbar, 600±29°C; and 7.4±1.4 kbar, 752±68°C, respectively. Phase equilibria modeling in the MnNCKFMASHTO system yields peak P–T results consistent with the average P–T results. Monazite ages were obtained for the garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimaniteK-feldspar zones (2σ uncertainties): 455±6 and 453±10 Ma; 451±9 and 438±8 Ma; 478±6, 431±4 and 425±8 Ma; 533±7 Ma, 507±6, 506±4 Ma and 472±5 Ma, respectively. These ages help to constrain the timing of the Taconic and Salinic