Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Headache after Attempted Epidural Block: The Role of Intrathecal Air

Background Postmeningeal puncture headache (PMPH) is typically attributed to the loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, when it occurs after an attempted epidural puncture, it may be due to either CSF loss or, potentially, to the subarachnoid injection of air used as a part of “loss‐of‐resistance” testing. This study was performed to examine the relation between intrathecal air and PMPH. Methods Using a loss‐of‐resistance test with an air‐filled (n = 1,812; air group) or saline‐filled (n = 1,918; saline group) syringe, epidural block was performed in patients with acute or chronic pain. The dura was judged to be perforated not only when backflow of CSF was recognized in the needle but also when signs and symptoms solely attributable to meningeal perforation were seen, such as high spinal blockade or severe motor blockade. The incidence, onset time, and duration of PMPH in the air and saline groups were compared. In all patients with signs of meningeal perforation, brain computed tomography was examined. Results The incidence of PMPH in the air group (32 cases) was significantly higher than that in the saline group (5 cases), although the occurrences of meningeal perforation between the air (48 cases) and saline (51 cases) groups did not differ significantly. Intrathecal air bubbles were detected on brain computed tomography in both the deep supraspinal structures such as the ventricles, Silvian fissures and cisterns, and the superficial subarachnoid space in 30 of 32 patients with PMPH in the air group, whereas no intrathecal air bubbles were seen in the saline group. PMPH was significantly more rapid in onset and shorter in duration in the air group than that in the saline group. Conclusions The use of air for loss‐of‐resistance testing during epidural block was associated with a higher incidence of PMPH, which might be attributable to subarachnoid air injection and CSF leakage.
Recent developments of strengthening techniques for metallic structures

This paper introduces the most recent techniques that have been developed for pre-stressed strengthening of metallic members. Details of utilization of new advanced materials such as carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), NiTiNb- and Fe-shape memory alloys (SMAs) and hybrid SMA/CFRP for pre-stressing existing metallic members are given. The paper begins with presenting the works on strengthening of metallic members using pre-stressed bonded CFRP material. Furthermore, a pre-stressed un-bonded retrofit system is described. The paper continues with explaining a new strengthening method using un-bonded pre-stressed Fe-SMA strips. Finally, an innovative prestressing system that uses a hybrid system of NiTiNb-SMA/CFRP material is presented. At the end, the paper provides some suggestions for future studies on this topic.
de Different approaches in grassland analysis – Editorial to the 11 th EDGG Grassland Special Feature Unterschiedliche Ansätze in der Graslandanalyse – Vorwort zum 11 . EDGG Grasland-Sonderteil

University of Trier, Regional and Environmental Sciences/Geobotany, Behringstr. 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, beckerth@uni-trier.de; MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2–4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary, csecserits.aniko@okologia.mta. hu; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group Egyetem sq. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary, debalazs@gmail.com; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Ďumbierska 1, 97411 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, monika.janisova@gmail.com; Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Plant Ecology and Ecosystem Research, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany, laura.sutcliffe@biologie.uni-goettingen.de; Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic, Email: wagner@sci.muni. cz *Corresponding author
Mapping of durable adult plant stem rust resistance in six CIMMYT wheats to Ug 99 group of races *

Durable resistance to wheat stem rust fungus can be achieved by developing and deploying varieties that have race-nonspecific, adult plant resistance (APR) conferred by multiple minor, slow rusting genes. Wheat lines ‘Kingbird, ‘Kiritati’, ‘Huirivis#1’, ‘Juchi’, ‘Muu’ and ‘Pavon 76’ showed high levels of APR to Ug99 races of stem rust fungus when tested in Kenya. The F5 and F6 generation recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations developed from the crosses of moderately susceptible ‘PBW343’ with five resistant parents were used in mapping. The non-Sr26 fraction of the ‘Avocet’ x Pavon 76 RIL population, developed earlier for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance studies, was also included. Field phenotyping of the parents and RILs were conducted at Njoro, Kenya for at least two years with Ug99+Sr24 (TTKST) race under high stem rust pressures. The continuous variation of APR in each RIL population and genetic analyses indicated quantitative nature of resistance that was likely governed by 3 or 4 minor genes. Single and joint year analyses by Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM) using informative DArT and/or SSR markers identified consistent APR QTLs on chromosomes 1AL, 3BS, 5BL, 7A and 7DS in Kingbird; 2D, 3BS, 5BL and 7DS in Kiritati; 2B, 3BS, 4A, 5BL and 6B in Juchi; 2B, 3BS, 7B in Huirivis#1; 2B, 3BS and 5BL in Muu; and 1BL, 3BS, 5A and 6B in Pavon 76. QTLs on each genomic regions explained 1046% of the phenotypic variation for APR. Pseudo-black chaff phenotype associated with APR gene Sr2 on chromosome 3BS in all six resistant parents and identification of an APR QTL in the same region in all mapping populations confirmed the role of Sr2 in reducing stem rust severity. The 1BL QTL in Pavon 76 was in the same region where pleiotropic APR gene Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 is located. Similarly a 7DS QTL in Kingbird and Huirivis#1 was in the chromosomal region where pleiotropic APR gene Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 is located. These results indicate that the above two pleiotropic resistance genes confer APR to stem rust in addition to leaf rust, yellow rust 1CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya; 2CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico; 3Syngenta Seeds S.A. S Ferme de Moyencourt 78910 Orgerus France; 4INIFAP-CEVAMEX, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Mexico; 5Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute, (KARI)Njoro, P.O. Njoro, Kenya. Email: s.bhavani@cgiar.org and powdery mildew. Further studies are underway to saturate the genomic regions harboring new APR QTLs with additional molecular markers.
Quantification of HSP 70 Gene Expression and Determination of Capacitation Status of Magnetically Separated Cryopreserved Bovine Spermatozoa at Different Thawing Temperature and Time (

The role of heat shock protein in reproduction is widely known as a molecular chaperone in aiding and repairing protein formation when stress occurred. The present objectives were to evaluate the effect of different thawing temperature and time on the expression of HSP70 gene expression and the capacitation status in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Briefly, fresh ejaculates were obtained from three different adult bulls. The semen then underwent a sperm washing technique known as Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting System (MACS) and later on, cryopreserved. The spermcontaining straws were then thawed at five different thawing temperatures and time post-cryostorage; 20°C for 13 s, 37°C for 30 s, 40°C for 7 s, 60°C for 6 s and 80°C for 5 s. The RNA was extracted from each of the sperm’s pellets and converted to cDNA prior to the qPCR process. Capacitation status was then determined by means of CTC assay. The results showed that after the process of amplification, there is a significant different of HSP70 gene expression in MACS process samples when the thawing process was performed at 37°C for 30 s, with p<0.05. Furthermore, the CTC assay also showed that thawing at the same temperature gave less capacitated spermatozoa with p<0.05. As a conclusion, MACS yield spermatozoa with a better expression of HSP70 gene and less capacitated spermatozoa when thawing was done at 37°C for 30 s.
ACUTE BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION IN SHEEP: HISTOPATHOLOGY AND GLAND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION

An ovine model of smoke inhalation and burn (S + B) injury models the pathophysiology of these injuries in humans. This study examines the degree of airway obstruction, associated histopathology, and bronchial gland cell expression of cytokines during the first 24 hours after S + B injury in sheep. Changes in the mean degree of obstruction were limited to the bronchial airways, showing significant increases in obstruction with time, P < . 05. At 4 hours after injury, the obstructive material was predominantly mucus, with neutrophils clustered around and within gland acini. At 8 to 24 hours, bronchial obstruction was characterized by increased inflammatory cell accumulation. Immunohistochemical results showed that gland cells constitutively express and secrete interleukin (IL)-1β, and that after injury there is an increase in the percentage of gland cells staining for IL-1α, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, P < . 05.
Low-level stratiform clouds and dynamical features observed within the southern West African monsoon

Abstract. During the boreal summer, the monsoon season that takes place in West Africa is accompanied by low stratus clouds over land that stretch from the Guinean coast several hundred kilometers inland. Numerical climate and weather models need finer description and knowledge of cloud macrophysical characteristics and of the dynamical and thermodynamical structures occupying the lowest troposphere, in order to be properly evaluated in this region. The Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) field experiment, which took place in summer 2016, addresses this knowledge gap. Low-level atmospheric dynamics and stratiform low-level cloud macrophysical properties are analyzed using in situ and remote sensing measurements continuously collected from 20 June to 30 July at Savè, Benin, roughly 180 km from the coast. The macrophysical characteristics of the stratus clouds are deduced from a ceilometer, an infrared cloud camera, and cloud radar. Onset times, evolution, dissipation times, base heights, and thickness are evaluated. The data from an ultra-high-frequency (UHF) wind profiler, a microwave radiometer, and an energy balance station are used to quantify the occurrence and characteristics of the monsoon flow, the nocturnal low-level jet, and the cold air mass inflow propagating northward from the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. The results show that these dynamical structures are very regularly observed during the entire 41 d documented period. Monsoon flow is observed every day during our study period. The so-called “maritime inflow” and the nocturnal low-level jet are also systematic features in this area. According to synoptic atmospheric conditions, the maritime inflow reaches Savè around 18:00–19:00 UTC on average. This timing is correlated with the strength of the monsoon flow. This time of arrival is close to the time range of the nocturnal low-level jet settlement. As a result, these phenomena are difficult to distinguish at the Savè site. The low-level jet occurs every night, except during rain events, and is associated 65 % of the time with low stratus clouds. Stratus clouds form between 22:00 and 06:00 UTC at an elevation close to the nocturnal low-level jet core height. The cloud base height, 310±30 m above ground level (a.g.l.), is rather stationary during the night and remains below the jet core height. The cloud top height, at 640±100 m a.g. l. , is typically found above the jet core. The nocturnal low-level jet, low-level stratiform clouds, monsoon flow, and maritime inflow reveal significant day-to-day and intra-seasonal variability during the summer given the importance of the different monsoon phases and synoptic atmospheric conditions. Distributions of strength, depth, onset time, breakup time, etc. are quantified here. These results contribute to satisfy the main goals of DACCIWA and allow a conceptual model of the dynamical structures in the lowest troposphere over the southern part of West Africa.
ON THE DOUBLE FROBENIUS GROUP OF THE FORM 2 2 r : ( Z 2 r − 1 : Z 2 )

Let G be a finite group. Let H = NH be a Frobenius group with kernel N and complement H. If G admits H as a group of automorphisms such that CG(N) = {1G} and GN is also a Frobenius group with kernel G and complement N , then G = GNH is called a double Frobenius group (or 2-Frobenius group). The group G = GNH is a product of subgroups G ≤ G, N ≤ G, H ≤ G with G E G, GN E G and G = G:NH = GN :H. In this article we shall construct a double Frobenius group of the form G = 2:(Z2r−1:Z2), where G ∼= 2, N ∼= Z2r−1 and H ∼= Z2, where r ∈ N, r ≥ 2. The construction is a general one that gives examples of double Frobenius groups for particular values of n. In addition to the general construction of the group G = 2:(Z2r−1:Z2), we calculate in general the conjugacy classes, Fischer matrices and character table of the group. One example G = 2:(Z3:Z2), (the case r = 2) is demonstrated.
UBSF: A novel online URL-Based Spam Filter

Spam fighting is a classic puzzle in network security. In the past decades, many filtering spam solutions have been proposed. However, currently the conventional techniques still suffer from high false positives and false negatives, especially the former which usually cannot be accepted by the end users. This paper proposes a novel online URL-based spam filter (UBSF) on the basis of analyses over the conventional especially the URL-based anti-spam techniques. UBSF identifies spam by comparing the similarity of the extracted URLs (universal resource locator) from them with the URLs from our user-oriented standard URL Library (SUL). Experimental evaluations both from the contrast experiment and the prototype based on UBSF demonstrate it can significantly raise the filtering accuracy, effectively reduce false positives and can be applied to online process and heavy traffic environment by reducing the computational cost than the state-of-the-art techniques.
External causes of pediatric injury-related emergency department visits in the United States.

OBJECTIVES To characterize the types and external causes of pediatric injury-related visits (IRVs) to emergency departments (EDs), in particular, sports-related injuries. To compare the characteristics of children with IRVs with those with non-IRVs, specifically, differences in IRV rates by race and ethnicity and by health insurance. METHODS This was a stratified random-sample survey of EDs in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), including all IRVs for patients less than 19 years of age in 1998 (n = 2,656). National estimates of pediatric IRVs were obtained using the assigned patient visit weights in the NHAMCS databases and SUDAAN analyses. Measures of association between predictor variables (patient and health insurance characteristics) and whether a child had an IRV were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Pediatric IRVs accounted for more than 11 million ED visits annually. The most common diagnoses for IRVs were open wounds, contusions, sprains and strains, and fractures and dislocations. The leading external causes of IRVs were sports-related injuries, accidental falls, being struck by objects, and motor vehicle collisions. Children with IRVs differed from those who presented for non-IRVs in many characteristics: they were more likely to be male, to be older, to be of white race, and to have private insurance, and less likely to be of Asian or Hispanic ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Sports and recreation are the leading external causes of pediatric IRVs to EDs in the United States. There are different patterns of IRVs according to gender, age, race, ethnicity, and insurance. Identification of specific patterns of injury is necessary for the design of effective prevention strategies.
Effect of Harvesting Time on the Milling and Physicochemical Properties of Aromatic Rice

A field experiment was conducted in aman season (July-December) 2006 to study the effect of harvesting time on the quality of aromatic rice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of three harvesting time viz., 25 days after flowering (DAF), 30 DAF, 35 DAF. Three aromatic rice varieties namely, Kataribhog, Badshabhog and BRRI dhan34 were included in the experiment. It may be concluded that the aromatic rice harvesting at 30 to 35 days after flowering (DAF) was found to be suitable for higher grain quality in respect of head rice outturn, elongation ration, volume expansion ratio and amylose content. Among the tested varieties, BRRI dhan34 and Badshabhog were suitable in respect of head rice outturn and volume expansion ratio than Kataribhog.
Identification of molecular interactions between P-site tRNA and the ribosome essential for translocation

Translocation of the tRNA–mRNA complex is a fundamental step in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis. Our studies show that the ribosome can translocate a P-site-bound tRNAMet with a break in the phosphodiester backbone between positions 56 and 57 in the TΨC-loop. We have used this fragmented P-site-bound tRNAMet to identify two 2′-hydroxyl groups at positions 71 and 76 in the 3′-acceptor arm that are essential for translocation. Crystallographic data show that the 2′-hydroxyl group at positions 71 and 76 contacts the backbone of 23S rRNA residues 1892 and 2433–2434, respectively, in the ribosomal E site. These results establish a set of functional interactions between P-site tRNA and 23S rRNA that are essential for translocation.
Antigenic drift of non‐encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae major outer membrane protein P2 in patients with chronic bronchitis is caused by point mutations

The sequence of the gene encoding major outer membrane protein (MOMP) P2 of antigenic variants of non‐encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae isolated from persistently infected chronic bronchitis patients was analysed. Antigenic drift was shown to result from single base changes in the P2 gene, all generating amino acid changes in the surface‐exposed loops of MOMP P2, predominantly in loop 6. Similar single base changes were observed in H. influenzae persistently present in a subcutaneous cage implanted in rabbits, as well as in a spontaneous H. influenzae mutant that had survived MOMP P2 specific monoclonal‐antibody‐dependent bactericidal killing in vitro. We hypothesize that accumulation of point mutations under the selection pressure of immunity is a mechanism of antigenic drift of a surface‐exposed protein during persistent H. influenzae infection
THE STATISTICAL EVIDENCE IN DESCRIBING THE STUDENTS’ BELIEFS ABOUT MATHEMATICS

This article describes a statistical study of students’ beliefs about mathematics. An instrument was developed from the theoretical considerations of views about mathematics and the components of beliefs in teachers-students interactions. This instrument distributed to two hundred and fifteen Form 5 students from three fully residential secondary schools in Peninsula Malaysia. A factor analysis of respondents identified four factors of students’ beliefs about mathematics. Eight of the items converged at the first factor which was recorded highly on loading. Correlations indicated that students tend to belief about the role of teachers modestly commensurate with the beliefs about the usefulness of mathematics. The four factors recorded very high reliability of internal consistencies. Withstanding the analysis done, this four-factor instrument is just a beginning in inspiring the more reliable and upgraded instrument.
Importance of fi lm morphology on the performance of thermo-responsive waterborne pressure sensitive adhesives

Temperature responsive pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are of interests in many applications due to the possibility of removing strong adhesives by moderate heating. In this work, semicrystalline poly(octadecyl acrylate) obtained by miniemulsion polymerization is used as a key component of the thermal responsiveness. Comparison of the adhesive performance of crystalline hard core-soft shell PSAs with other PSAs of the same overall composition and similar molar mass distributions but prepared by blending soft and hard latexes shows that the arrangement of the phases in the film play a key role in performance of the PSAs. Good adhesive performance and thermal responsiveness is only achieved when the crystalline domains are dispersed in a continuous soft phase containing entangled nanogels. Interestingly, this morphology is achieved with blends, but no with core-shell dispersions. The reasons for this difference are investigated.
P o S ( R T S 2 0 1 2 ) 0 1 4 Recent WSRT Results on Two Prototypical Compact AGN : BL Lac and J 1819 + 3845

Recent WSRT observations at 21 cm and 85 cm of the radio source BLLac, long known for its rapid variations and strong linear polarization, has revealed a strong increase in its 21 cm polarization. We also detect polarization at 85 cm. The rotation measure (RM) of the source varies with wavelength and may even vary slightly with time. The Galactic foreground contribution to the observed RM is estimated to be about – 200 rad m−2, close to the observed values at 21 cm and 85 cm. This implies that the contribution intrinsic to the jet is rather small. We present a simple model with multiple polarized features in the jet to explain the broadband 85 cm Faraday spectra. Low frequency polarimetry using RM synthesis is a very sensitive probe of the magnetoionic medium close the core of an AGN. The VLBI resolution at these frequencies is insufficient to discern the various structures. The scintillating compact intra hour variable (IHV) quasar J1819+3845, discovered in Jan 1999, suddenly stopped scintillating sometime in 2006/2007. We present a 13-year lightcurve, based largely on WSRT multi-frequency data. Following a slow outburst in the period 2000-2006 the source luminosity is now again slowly declining. The source is barely resolved with VLBI arrays and maintains a slightly inverted radio spectrum. An analysis of the linear polarization data in the period 2000-2006 reveals systematic time delays attributed to the separation between a total intensity ’core’ and slowly moving polarized features in the jet. Various independent methods yield a distance of the scattering medium of only 1–2 parsecs. The screen responsible for the scintillation is extremely small (≈100 AU) and has a sharp (< 6AU) edge. The plasma density is very high and the screen is highly overpressured relative to the surrounding medium. For an extensive account of the large body of data on J1819+3845, and an analysis of the properties of both quasar and screen, we refer to [1].
THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF A BOOK FLOOD ON CHILDREN'S LANGUAGE GROWTH

The idea for the investigation arose from a demonstrated need to increase the exposure to English of primary school pupils in rural areas. Earlier surveys had shown that many such pupils were struggling to cope with the English language demands of their school work (Elley & Mangubhai, 1979), and there was enough evidence to suggest that a book-based approach to enriching children's exposure to English might produce a general improvement.