Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of left ventricle to chronic pressure overload: response to inotropic drugs.

Left ventricular (LV) force-generating capacity was determined in eight anesthetized dogs with pressure-overload hypertrophy. Length-contractile force (CF) curves recorded from the LV with a modified Walton-Brodie arch were displaced upward from control. However, when CF was normalized for LV wall thickness changes accompanying hypertrophy and expressed as g/cm2, the length-CF curve was depressed compared to normal. The CF response to isoproterenol and calcium was depressed in dogs with hypertrophy; however, the CF response to ouabain was not different from control. Taken collectively these findings suggest that pressure-overload hypertrophy is associated with a depressed force-generating capacity per unit cross section of myocardium at any given muscle length, i.e., a depressed inotropic state, but that the hypertrophied LV has a greater than normal force-generating capacity due to an increased number of weaker cross-sectional units. Further, the depressed inotropic state is not associated with augmented plasma norepinephrine levels. Therefore, adaptation of the LV to pressure overload is by cardiac hypertrophy alone.
Cationic Gemini Surfactants: A Review

Recently new classes of gemini surfactants have emerged which are composed of two hydrobhobic tails and two cationic head groups linked by spacer group i.e cationic gemini surfactants. Now a days, different types of cationic geminis have been synthesized . In comparison with corresponding single chain surfactants, these surfactants are more efficient in lowering surface tension and have much lower cmc. Due to their higher surface activity they have excellent properties of dispersion stabilization and soil cleanup. These compounds are widely used as an effective emulsifiers, dispersing and anti-foaming agents etc. Cationic gemini surfactants show good antimicrobial activities. Some of these geminis show good biodegradability too. This review paper deals with synthesis, properties, applications, and biodegradability of new cationic gemini surfactants.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Hyaluronate Lyase Contains Two Non-cooperative Independent Folding/Unfolding Structural Domains

Hyaluronate lyase contributes directly to bacterial invasion by degrading hyaluronan, the major component of host extracellular matrix of connective tissues. Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase (SpnHL) is built from two structural domains that interact through interface residues, in addition to being connected by a peptide linker. For the first time we demonstrate that the N- and C-terminal domains of SpnHL fold/unfold independent of each other suggesting the absence of any significant cooperative interactions between them. The C-terminal domain of SpnHL is less stable than the N-terminal domain against thermal and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. The intact N-terminal domain was purified after limited proteolysis of SpnHL under conditions where only the C-terminal domain was unfolded. Isolated N-terminal domain of SpnHL had similar thermal stability as when present in the native enzyme and was found to be enzymatically active demonstrating that it is capable of carrying out enzymatic reaction on its own. Functional studies demonstrated that guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, l-arginine methyl ester, and l-arginine inhibit the enzymatic activity of SpnHL at very low concentrations. This provides a lead for new chemical entities that can be exploited for designing effective inhibitors of SpnHL.
The effect of spinal and systemic administration of indomethacin on zymosan-induced edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia.

Pretreatment with intraperitoneal (i.p.) indomethacin was used to determine whether indomethacin preferentially affected the development of edema and hyperalgesia to thermal and mechanical stimuli produced by injection of zymosan in the ispsilateral hindpaw of the rat. Indomethacin also was delivered intrathecally (i.t.) either 30 minutes before or 4 hours after intraplantar zymosan to determine whether spinal prostaglandin production was important for the induction and/or maintenance of hyperalgesia. Zymosan alone produced a robust edema, a monophasic mechanical hyperalgesia, and a biphasic thermal hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hindpaw. Systemic administration of indomethacin reduced zymosan-induced edema and increased thermal and mechanical response thresholds in the zymosan-injected paw. Systemic indomethacin did not affect thermal withdrawal response thresholds in the uninjected contralateral hindpaw of zymosan-treated rats, but significantly increased mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the uninjected contralateral paw of zymosan-treated rats. i.t. administration of indomethacin before the induction of hyperalgesia attenuated the development of zymosan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, but did not affect the development of either zymosan-induced edema or thermal hyperalgesia. Once hyperalgesia was established, i.t. indomethacin also attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia whereas it had no effect on thermal hyperalgesia or edema. These data suggest that peripheral, but not spinal prostaglandins contribute to the edema and development of thermal hyperalgesia produced by zymosan. In contrast, spinal prostaglandins contribute to the development and maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia.
Wu-tou decoction attenuates neuropathic pain via suppressing spinal astrocytic IL-1R1/TRAF6/JNK signaling

Neuropathic pain (NP) caused by nerve injuries continues to be an intractable challenge due to inadequate therapeutic strategies. Recent study demonstrated glia-induced neuro-inflammation in the spinal cord, especially the activation of astrocytes, plays an essential role in the development of NP, which opens new avenues for NP treatment. In this study, we explored the anti-hyperalgesia properties of Wu-tou decoction (WTD) and showed that WTD potently attenuates mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in lumbar 5 (L5) spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced NP without noticeable side effect or affecting basal pain perception of mice. Mechanistically, initial targets screening tests indicated WTD's analgesic action may be centrally mediated within the spinal cord, which further verified by its inhibitory actions on glia-releasing factors of IL-1β, CCL2 and CXCL1. Meanwhile, WTD significantly reduced spinal IL-1R1, TRAF6 expressions, p-JNK levels, and number of GFAP/IL-1R1, GFAP/TRAF6, GFAP/p-JNK positive astrocytes in the superficial lamina of spinal cord. Additionally, co-administration of IL-1Ra increased the anti-hyperalgesia effects of WTD and further decreased CCL2 and CXCL1 expressions, while no synergistic effects were detected when TRAF6 or JNK inhibitors were co-administrated with WTD. Thus, our data suggested that the effective inhibition of spinal astrocytic IL-1R1/TRAF6/JNK signaling (especially IL-1R1) contributes, at least in part, to WTD's anti-hyperalgesia action. It also indicates that WTD might be a promising candidate for the treatments of chronic pain, especially under NP-related neurological disorders.
Simplicial Complexes and Syzygies of Lattice Ideals ∗

We compute the degrees of the syzygies of lattice ideals by means of some simplicial complexes. The vertex sets of those complexes are subsets of the extremal rays of the associated cone. In particular, we deduce a way of computing the depth of the ideal. In the case when the lattice ideal is homogeneous, the regularity is computed in terms of such complexes.
Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news

This research surveys the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies that are instrumental in the adoption and development of fake news detection. “Fake news detection” is defined as the task of categorizing news along a continuum of veracity, with an associated measure of certainty. Veracity is compromised by the occurrence of intentional deceptions. The nature of online news publication has changed, such that traditional fact checking and vetting from potential deception is impossible against the flood arising from content generators, as well as various formats and genres.
Factors affecting the healing response of intrabony defects following guided tissue regeneration and access flap surgery.

Identification and control of significant factors determining clinical outcomes is of paramount importance to improve expected results of a variety of therapeutic procedures. The aim of this investigation was to identify, with a multivariate approach, factors associated with healing outcomes of 3 periodontal surgical procedures in deep intrabony defects. 45 patients with evidence of deep intrabony defects were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: access flap (group C), conventional guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with non-resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethilene (ePTFE) membranes (group B), and GTR with self supporting membranes combined with the modified papilla preservation technique (group A). In both GTR procedures, membranes were positioned coronal to the interproxymal alveolar crest. Primary outcome variables (i.e., probing attachment level gains at 1 year and the amount of newly formed tissue present at membrane removal) were explained in terms of a series of patient, defect morphology and surgical factors, using a multivariate approach. Highly significant treatment effects were observed, indicating that the 3 tested therapeutic modalities resulted in significant differences in primary outcome variables. Detailed analysis assessing the significance of the tested factors in determining the healing outcomes following each procedure was performed with a stepwise elimination approach of non-significant factors. The results indicated that: (i) the need to create and maintain space should be a key objective of regenerative approaches based upon the principles of guided tissue regeneration; (ii) control of patient's oral hygiene and residual periodontal infection in the oral cavity are strongly associated with clinical outcomes of both regenerative and conventional surgical procedures and should receive proper attention.
Association of anthropometric qualities with vertical jump performance in elite male volleyball players.

AIM The objective of this study was to examine the association between physical and anthropometric profiles and vertical jump performance in elite volleyball players. METHODS Thirty-three elite male volleyball players (21±1 y, 76.9±5.2 kg, 186.5±5 cm) were studied. Several anthropometric measurements (body mass, stature, body mass index, lower limb length and sitting height) together with jumping height anaerobic power of counter movement jump with arm swing (CMJarm) were obtained from all subjects. Forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine if any of the anthropometric parameters were predictive of CMJarm. RESULTS Anaerobic power was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in the tallest players relative to their shorter counterparts. A significant relationship was observed between CMJarm and lower limb length (r2=0.69; P<0.001) and between the lower limb length and anaerobic power obtained with CMJarm (r2=0.57; P<0.01). While significantly correlated (P≤0.05) with CMJarm performance, stature, lower limb length/stature and sitting height/stature ratios were not significant (P>0.05) predictors of CMJarm performance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that lower limb length is correlated with CMJarm in elite male volleyball players. The players with longer lower limbs have the better vertical jump performances and their anaerobic power is higher. These results could be of importance for trained athletes in sports relying on jumping performance, such as basketball, handball or volleyball. Thus, the measurement of anthropometric characteristics, such as stature and lower limb length may assist coaches in the early phases of talent identification in volleyball.
A comprehensive serological and supplemental evaluation of hepatitis B “seroyield” blood donors: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary healthcare center in India

Background: The present study addressed the interesting findings of supplemental evaluation of hepatitis B "seroyield" donors. Materials and Methods: Each blood donor sample was tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I)/HIV type II (HIV-II), HBsAg, and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody by enhanced chemiluminescence method and subjected to individual donor-nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV-I, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and HCV. NAT test was performed using the eSAS system, Procleix Ultrio Assay, Novartis Diagnostics, CA, US. Confirmation of HBsAg was done using HBsAg Confirmatory Kit (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Johnson & Johnson, USA) and viral load assessment was done using Cobas TaqMan real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay (Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ, USA). To provide information on the stage of infection, specimens were tested for anti-HBc total (IgG + IgM), anti-HBc IgM and HBeAg. HBeAg-negative samples were tested for anti-HBe antibody. Results: A total of 60 hepatitis B seroyield donors which showed mean initial sample/cutoff of 1.6 with enhanced chemiluminescence assay were investigated further for confirmation of disease status. All 60 cases were confirmed positive with neutralization assay (VITROS HBsAg Confirmatory Kit) while no target was detected on viral load assessment with RT-PCR. Sixteen donors were HBeAg positive (4 IgM anti-HBc positive and 12 IgM anti-HBc negative) and 44 were IgM anti-HBc negative, anti-HBc total positive, and anti-HBe positive. Conclusion: About 7.7% of HBsAg positive and NAT nonreactive donors (nondetectable HBV DNA) could be potentially infectious (HBeAg positive), whereas rest of the donors were consistent with chronic HBV infection.
LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES WITH THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY. III. THE DENSE KILOPARSEC MOLECULAR CONCENTRATIONS OF Arp 299

We have used high-resolution (∼2.″3) observations of the local (DL = 46 Mpc) luminous infrared galaxy Arp 299 to map out the physical properties of the molecular gas that provides the fuel for its extreme star formation activity. The 12CO J = 3–2, 12CO J = 2–1, and 13CO J = 2–1 lines were observed with the Submillimeter Array, and the short spacings of the 12CO J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 observations have been recovered using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope single dish observations. We use the radiative transfer code RADEX to estimate the physical properties (density, column density, and temperature) of the different regions in this system. The RADEX solutions of the two galaxy nuclei, IC 694 and NGC 3690, are consistent with a wide range of gas components, from warm moderately dense gas with Tkin > 30 K and n(H2) ∼ 0.3–3 × 103 cm−3 to cold dense gas with Tkin ∼ 10–30 K and n(H2) > 3 × 103 cm−3. The overlap region is shown to have a better constrained solution with Tkin ∼ 10–50 K and n(H2) ∼ 1–30 × 103 cm−3. We estimate the gas masses and star formation rates of each region in order to derive molecular gas depletion times. The depletion times of all regions (20–50 Myr) are found to be about two orders of magnitude lower than those of normal spiral galaxies. This rapid depletion time can probably be explained by a high fraction of dense gas on kiloparsec scales in Arp 299. We estimate the CO-to-H2 factor, αco to be 0.4 ± 0.3(3 × 10−4/xCO) M☉ (K km s−1 pc2)−1 for the overlap region. This value agrees well with values determined previously for more advanced merger systems.
Differential Involvement of Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase in Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Actions in Gonadotrophs and Somatotrophs of Goldfish, Carassius auratus

In goldfish, two endogenous gonadotrophin‐releasing hormones (GnRHs) [salmon (s)GnRH and chicken (c)GnRH‐II] control maturational gonadotrophin‐II [lutenising hormone (LH)] and growth hormone (GH) secretion via Ca2+‐dependent intracellular signalling pathways. We investigated the involvement of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) in GnRH‐evoked LH and GH release and associated intracellular Ca2+ increases ([Ca2+]i) in goldfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs. Immunoreactive PI3K p85α, the predominant regulatory subunit for class IA PI3Ks, was detected in goldfish pituitary tissue extracts and both endogenous GnRH isoforms increased phosphorylation of PI3K p85α in excised pituitary fragments. sGnRH‐ and cGnRH‐II‐elicited LH release responses from primary cultures of pituitary cells and [Ca2+]i increases in identified gonadotrophs were significantly reduced in the presence of PI3K inhibitors wortmannin (100 nm) and LY294002 (10 μm). Unexpectedly, wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited GnRH‐evoked GH release but only attenuated the [Ca2+]i response in identified somatotrophs to cGnRH‐II, and not sGnRH. On the other hand, Ca2+ ionophore‐evoked LH and GH secretion remained unaltered in the presence of the PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that general decreases in the releasable hormone pool or sensitivity to [Ca2+]i changes did not underlie the ability of wortmannin and LY294002 to reduce the actions of GnRH. These results provide the first evidence for the presence and involvement of PI3K in GnRH‐induced LH and GH release in any primary pituitary cell system. In gonadotrophs, the inhibitory action of PI3K on both sGnRH and cGnRH‐II involves the attenuation of their evoked [Ca2+]i; in contrast, GnRH isoform‐specific effects occur in somatotrophs.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF Binding Protein (IGFBP)-3, Phosphoisoforms of IGFBP-1 and Postnatal Growth in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Small preterm infants experience a unique postnatal period characterized by slow growth, inadequate nutrition and growth inhibiting treatments. Many have already been growth-restricted in utero. Studying this period is important when developing growth optimizing strategies for these infants and, in a broader context, as a model of extreme conditions that restrict growth. By following short-term growth of 48 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; birth weight <1,500 g) infants for 9 postnatal weeks, we found that circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels are low and reflect rigorously measured (knemometry and weight) concurrent growth velocity. Moreover, weight growth velocity is correlated with the ratio of lesser to highly phosphorylated IGFBP-1 but not with absolute IGFBP-1 concentrations. Thus, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and the phosphorylation status of IGFBP-1 in circulation are likely to be involved in growth regulation during the postnatal period in VLBW infants.
Difference in alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression in endometrial stromal cell in subgroups of women with unexplained infertility.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the endometrial receptivity by using alpha(v)beta3 expression in the midsecretory phase in different endometrial compartments in women with unexplained infertility. STUDY DESIGN A prospective controlled clinical trial in a setting of a university teaching hospital was performed. Thirty-three fertile and 33 infertile women were included in the study. Midluteal endometrial biopsies of the endometrium were carried out during the implantation window. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the expression of alpha(v)beta3 in endometrial samples. Alpha(v)beta3 expression was measured using the HSCORE scoring system in the endometrial glandular and luminal epithelium and in the endometrial stroma. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, total testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were measured in the early follicular phase and in the midluteal phase. RESULTS The average alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression at different sites of the endometrium was not different in the infertile and fertile controls. However, the stromal alpha(v)beta3 integrin was found to be expressed significantly less in a subgroup of women with lower than average alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression in luminal epithelium than in fertile controls and significantly more in a subgroup of women with higher than average alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression in luminal epithelium. There was no difference in stromal alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression in the lower or higher glandular alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression in endometrial stromal cells may be different in subgroups of women with unexplained infertility.
Species‐specific biological effects of FGF‐2 in articular cartilage: Implication for distinct roles within the FGF receptor family

Existing literature demonstrates that fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) exerts opposing, contradictory biological effects on cartilage homeostasis in different species. In human articular cartilage, FGF‐2 plays a catabolic and anti‐anabolic role in cartilage homeostasis, driving homeostasis toward degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA). In murine joints, however, FGF‐2 has been identified as an anabolic mediator as ablation of the FGF‐2 gene demonstrated increased susceptibility to OA. There have been no previous studies specifically addressing species‐specific differences in FGF‐2‐mediated biological effects. In this study, we provide a mechanistic understanding by which FGF‐2 exerts contradictory biological effects in human versus murine tissues. Using human articular cartilage (ex vivo) and a medial meniscal destabilization (DMM) animal model (in vivo), species‐specific expression patterns of FGFR receptors (FGFRs) are elucidated between human and murine articular cartilage. In the murine OA model followed by intra‐articular injection of FGF‐2, we further correlate FGFR profiles to changes in behavioral pain perception, proteoglycan content in articular cartilage, and production of inflammatory (CD11b) and angiogenic (VEGF) mediators in synovium lining cells. Our results suggest that the fundamental differences in cellular responses between human and murine tissues may be secondary to distinctive expression patterns of FGFRs that eventually determine biological outcomes in the presence of FGF‐2. The complex interplay of FGFRs and the downstream signaling cascades induced by FGF‐2 in human cartilage should add caution to the use of this particular growth factor for biological therapy in the future. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2532–2542, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator of sodium channels

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the gene product that is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, has a well-recognized function as a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, but this property does not account for the abnormally high basal rate and cAMP sensitivity of sodium ion absorption in CF airway epithelia. Expression of complementary DNAs for rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) alone in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells generated large amiloride-sensitive sodium currents that were stimulated by cAMP, whereas coexpression of human CFTR with rENaC generated smaller basal sodium currents that were inhibited by cAMP. Parallel studies that measured regulation of sodium permeability in fibroblasts showed similar results. In CF airway epithelia, the absence of this second function of CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator likely accounts for abnormal sodium transport.