Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tree somatic embryogenesis in science and forestry

Somatic embryogenesis is the latest, and potentially the most efficient, method for the vegetative micropropagation of plants. Over the past three decades, numerous laboratory studies have investigated somatic embryogenesis of forest trees, yielding positive results for a number of economically important tree species. The first test trials were run and plantations were planted with interior spruce in the 90s by CellFor Inc. (Canada). However, at the beginning of the XXI century, the program to produce spruce and Douglas fir somatic seedlings was stopped for economic reasons. Thus, currently no operational program is ongoing except on a small scale in New Brunswick. In order to integrate somatic embryogenesis technology into operational reforestation programs, the production costs of forest tree somatic seedlings needs to be reduced, and the awareness of foresters and forest landowners that the material obtained through somatic embryogenesis is valuable needs to be increased. This awareness would enable implementation of this technology on a large scale for production and forest management throughout Europe including Poland. In this review, the importance of somatic embryogenesis in scientific research and in global and European forestry is presented. Our main aims are to provide basic information on the challenges in researching somatic embryogenesis of forest trees and to raise interest in this tree propagation technique in both scientists and foresters.
Socio-Cultural and Technical Issues in Non-Expert Dubbing: A Case Study

Advances in computer sciences and the emergence of innovative technologies have entered numerous new elements of change in translation industry, such as the inseparable usage of software programs in audiovisual translation. Initiated by the expanding reality of fandubbing in Iran, the present article aimed at illuminating this practice into Persian in the Iranian context to partly address the line of inquiries about fandubbing which still is an uncharted territory on the margins of Translation Studies. Considering the scarce research in this area, the paper aimed to provide data to attract more attention to the notion of fandubbing by providing real-world examples from a community with a language of limited diffusion. An exploratory review of a large and diverse sample of openly accessed dubbed products into Persian, ranging from short-formed clips to feature movies, such dubbing practice was further classified into fundubbing, fandubbing, and quasi-professional dubbing. Based on the results, the study attempted to describe the cultural aspects and technical features of each type.
The Effect of Word of Mouth Communication on Marketing Performance –Case Study of Condor Brand from Customer perspective -

Nowadays, the power of word of mouth communication is widely accepted in customer behaviour studies. However, relatively few studies were conducted in Algeria about this notion and its relationship with marketing performance. Accordingly, this paper attempts to identify the effect of the word of mouth communication on marketing performance from the customers' point of view through two main indexes "customer satisfaction and customer loyalty", using a survey study on the Algerian brand "Condor" on a convenient sample of 355 respondents. The main results of the current study show that there is a significant relationship between the word of mouth communication and the marketing performance of the studied Algerian brand "Condor". These results are meant to allow to the studied company to use this kind of communication to strengthen its marketing performance, and they also demonstrate that the WOM and the marketing performance evaluation were significantly affected by the sample demographic characteristics. Finally, a discussion and recommendations were presented. Keywords: Word of Mouth Communication, Marketing Performance, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Condor.
Hatchablility of Broiler Breeder Eggs Sanitized with a Combination of Ultraviolet Light and Hydrogen Peroxide

Research has shown that exterior eggshell Aerobic Plate Counts (APC) are greatly decreased using a combination of Ultraviolet Light (UV) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, it is unknown how this treatment process would impact hatchability. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine if spraying eggs with 1.5% H2O2 followed by UV irradiation for 8 min to reduce eggshell APC would affect hatchability. Eggs from 3 commercial houses (57 wk-old broiler breeders) were collected over 2 d (n = 1,944 eggs). Half were treated with 1.5% H2O2 and UV and the other half served as untreated controls (18 eggs/ tray). At time of treatment, 1 egg was randomly selected from each of 108 trays (n = 54 per treatment) for eggshell APC enumeration on TSA. Remaining eggs were stored at 18.3 C. Prior to set, 1 egg per tray from o d 1 of collection was sampled for APC enumeration. The 16 remaining eggs/tray were weighed prior to incubation and at 18 d to determine egg weight loss. At hatch (21.5 d), chick weights were obtained, meconium samples were collected from 18 chicks per incubator and samples were plated on TSA to determine the presence of intestinal microorganisms. A 3 log10CFU/egg reduction in eggshell APC was found for treated eggs when compared to control eggs. At hatch, no differences in chick weight, egg weight loss, positive meconium samples, or hatchability were observed between treatments. In conclusion, UV irradiation for 8 min with 1.5% H2O2 reduced eggshell APC on broiler breeder eggs with no affect on hatchability.
Cell proliferation and cell aggregate development in suspension culture of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Cell suspension culture of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was established from petiole-derived callus. The highest rate of callus induction from 55% petioles was obtained on agar-gelled Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 10 M 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) within a period of 30 days. These calli were used for preparation of suspension culture in liquid medium containing same concentration of 2,4-D that was used for callus induction. A typical S-shaped growth curve was observed in the batch culture of cells. Cells underwent divisions, resulting in free cells multiplication and cell aggregates formation after further 30 days of culture. The initial amount of cell in suspension culture was effective for cell proliferation, cell size and cell aggregate development. As initial amount, 5 ml sedimented cell volumes (SCV) of cells were promising for cell proliferation and cell aggregate development. The cell growth appearances were varied between long time culture without sub-culturing and regularly sub-culturing (7-day-interval) to fresh MS medium consisting of 10 M 2,4-D. The cell proliferation was lower in longer period without sub-culturing cell culture (where most of the cells were elliptical) than regularly sub-culturing cell culture (where most of the cells were spherical).
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate on Anaesthesia of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) Juveniles

In current study, anaesthetic effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in 6 concentrations were determined in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles (7.70±0.4 g and 8.38±0.8 cm) kept in two different pH levels and at 23°C water temperature. Its effective concentrations were 1000 and 600 mg L-1 in pH 6.5 and 7.7, respectively. While stage of anaesthesia and recovery time increased, induction time decreased; opercular rate firstly increased but than slowly decreased with increasing the concentration of anaesthetic in both pH. No mortality was observed in the study. Applications of NaHCO3 in high pH levels, seems to be suitable on anaesthesia of common carp.
Two new Cymatopleura taxa (Bacillariophyta) from Xinjiang, China with slightly twisted frustules

Two new species of the diatom genus Cymatopleura, Cymatopleura aquastudia and Cymatopleura xinjiangiana, that have torsion about the apical axis of the valves, are reported from Xinjiang Region, China, using light and scanning electron microscopy. The valves of Cymatopleura aquastudia sp. nov. exhibit torsion about the apical axis, are heteropolar, and are slightly constricted at the margin in the middle of the valves. These characters differentiate it from morphologically similar taxa in the genus, e.g. C. solea (Brebisson) W. Smith and C. spiralis Behning in Rauschenbach et Behning. The valves of Cymatopleura xinjiangiana sp. nov. also exhibit torsion about the apical axis, but are small and have curved ridges at both ends and rounded apices that are protracted at the wider ends. These features distinguish C. xinjiangiana from C. cochlea Brun and C. elliptica f. spiralis Boyer. These two new taxa help to demonstrate the unique nature of the freshwater diatom flora from Xinjiang Region, China.
Multilayered Electrolyte-Supported SOFC Based on NEVZ-Ceramics Membrane

SOFC batteries development is currently thriving in Russia (1). TVEL Fuel Company is a division of Rosatom State Corporation that promotes the SOFC technological platform, including cell, stacks, and integrated stack module for different applications. The technology development is based on R&D consortium between Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences (ISSP RAS) with NEVZ-Ceramics (Novosibirsk, Russia) and includes materials synthesis and cost effective ceramic manufacturing method s for electrolyte supported flat cells with multilayer ed electrodes assembling for stack with metallic interconnectors from stainless steel Crofer 22H. Here we report on manufacturing and electrochemical tests of multila yered electrolytesupported SOFC based on NEVZceramics membrane. 10Sc1CeSZ membranes of 50x50 mm 2 area and 250 microns thick were chosen as a support. NiO10Sc1CeSZ and (La 0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3-10Sc1CeSZ multilayered electrodes were deposited by printscreen technique. Electrochemical tests in two-chamber cell were evaluated in wide temperature range (700 -90 C) and different oxygen atmospheres.
The solar and lunar divide and the impact on Taiwan’s stock returns

Abstract Under the influence of the western world, the solar New Year celebration seems to have fascinated everyone in Taiwan with the lunar New Year festivity showing much less vigor. This paper examines the impact of the solar and lunar New Years on the stock market of Taiwan, showing that the lunar effect outshines the solar one, but the magnitude is decreasing for both as the years go by. In addition, this effect is more significant in the year of horse.
A Vote-Based Computer System for Stand Management Planning

Abstract A vote-based computer system for decision support was developed in Finland for finding the most acceptable timber harvesting alternatives during the planning of thinning operations in forests under joint-ownership. The alternatives are combinations of a harvesting method, a harvesting system, and the time of each harvest. A lot of information is needed during the planning process. The system was found to be a useful tool for managing information flows and order and organization of the mathematical and analytical methods that are embedded to system’s modules. An advantage of this system is that it uses a module containing multi-criteria problem-solving methods. This makes the system’s contribution to sustainable forest management effective.
Influence of long-term cadmium and selenite exposure on resistance to Listeria monocytogenes during acute and chronic infection in mice

2+ doses, but the difference was not significant. The titer of anti-listerial antibodies in blood serum in the group treated with SeO 3 2- was lower (p < 0.05) than in the control group, but higher than in the mice intoxicated with Cd 2+ . In conclusion, mice intoxicated with high doses of cadmium were more susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection than non-intoxicated mice or intoxicated with a small concentration of cadmium ions. Selenite ions did not reduce the negative effect of cadmium on the resistance of mice to bacterial infection, although increased the production of antibodies to L. monocytogenes.
State of Technology and Productivity in Pakistan’s Manufacturing Industries: Some Strategic Directions to Build Technological Competence

Historically, Pakistan’s economic growth record, especially of the manufacturing sector, has been quite satisfactory. However, since the late 1980s Pakistan has been facing a slow growth of manufacturing industries, particularly of the large-scale manufacturing units. This has led some economists to express the apprehension that perhaps de-industrialisation is taking place in the country. A careful analysis of the causes of this sluggish growth suggests that one of the main contributory factors is the slow growth in total factor productivity (TFP)—the best overall measure of competitiveness. What has caused this productivity slow-down? For Pakistan there is clear evidence of a relationship between the growth in total factor productivity and the ailing S & T apparatus. The results presented in the study also lend support to the hypothesis that knowledge capital, human capital, openness, and government policies are crucial determinants of total factor productivity growth. Given a liberal economic environment in the country, which is essential to improve efficiency and productivity, the paper offers four strategic directions in order to improve the status of the S & T system in Pakistan (1) augment the public sector S & T apparatus with the private sector funding and oversight; (2) take measures to upgrade scientific research institutions to the international standard; (3) streamline the technology creation, absorption, and diffusion system; and (4) enhance the demand for S & T in industries. These strategic directions are designed in such a manner that they work together towards a series of phased reforms, which can create incentives and market-based mechanisms to enhance the technology system without relying on a radical shift in the governance element of the bureaucracy.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF ELECTROCERAMICS NEOH SHIAO SUANG

Phase purity of Sr1-xBi2+2x/3Ta2O9 (x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) prepared by conventional solid state method were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. For x=0.2 and 0.3, the samples failed to obtain a single homogeneous phase since the single phase material only can be achieved when x<0.15. However, in this a tiny BiTaO4 peak were observed at distributed ~30 2θ° in the samples of x=0.0 and x=0.1 synthesized at 1100 °C; at 1200 0C, the samples were partially melted. Sample prepared by ball milling method, Sr1-xBi2+2x/3Ta2O9 (x= 0 and 0.3) failed to produce single phase because of the limited milling time (4 hours). Few impurity phases were observed in those samples. Impedance studies were carried out on selected samples. From the Cole-cole plots (Z"-Z'), all samples exhibited two overlapping semicircle corresponding to grain and grain boundary. SrBi2Ta2O9 and Sr0.9Bi2. 1Ta2O9 prepared by conventional solid state method were electrically homogeneous while SrBi2Ta2O9 prepared by ball milling process was electrically heterogeneous probably because of the limited milling time. Permittivity of SrBi2Ta2O9 at room temperature is 221 and 275 for conventional solid-state and ball milling method, respectively. The values are comparable to the reported value in the literature (260). On the other hand, for tan δ, SrBi2Ta2O9 at room temperature is 0.002 and 0.014 for conventional solid-state and ball milling method, respectively. The values are comparable to the reported value in the literature (0.08) Ball milling method tends to enhance property of sample and thus leads to higher values in those regions. Activation energy of three samples was in the range of 1.019 to 1.315 eV is good agreement with the reported value in the literature.
Biases in genome reconstruction from metagenomic data

Background Advances in sequencing, assembly, and assortment of contigs into species-specific bins has enabled the reconstruction of genomes from metagenomic data (MAGs). Though a powerful technique, it is difficult to determine whether assembly and binning techniques are accurate when applied to environmental metagenomes due to a lack of complete reference genome sequences against which to check the resulting MAGs. Methods We compared MAGs derived from an enrichment culture containing ~20 organisms to complete genome sequences of 10 organisms isolated from the enrichment culture. Factors commonly considered in binning software—nucleotide composition and sequence repetitiveness—were calculated for both the correctly binned and not-binned regions. This direct comparison revealed biases in sequence characteristics and gene content in the not-binned regions. Additionally, the composition of three public data sets representing MAGs reconstructed from the Tara Oceans metagenomic data was compared to a set of representative genomes available through NCBI RefSeq to verify that the biases identified were observable in more complex data sets and using three contemporary binning software packages. Results Repeat sequences were frequently not binned in the genome reconstruction processes, as were sequence regions with variant nucleotide composition. Genes encoded on the not-binned regions were strongly biased towards ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, mobile element functions and genes of unknown function. Our results support genome reconstruction as a robust process and suggest that reconstructions determined to be >90% complete are likely to effectively represent organismal function; however, population-level genotypic heterogeneity in natural populations, such as uneven distribution of plasmids, can lead to incorrect inferences.
Sediment connectivity: a framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple scales

A major challenge for geomorphologists is to scale up small‐magnitude processes to produce landscape form, yet existing approaches have been found to be severely limited. New ways to scale erosion and transfer of sediment are thus needed. This paper evaluates the concept of sediment connectivity as a framework for understanding processes involved in sediment transfer across multiple scales. We propose that the concept of sediment connectivity can be used to explain the connected transfer of sediment from a source to a sink in a catchment, and movement of sediment between different zones within a catchment: over hillslopes, between hillslopes and channels, and within channels. Using fluvial systems as an example we explore four scenarios of sediment connectivity which represent end‐members of behaviour from fully linked to fully unlinked hydrological and sediment connectivity. Sediment‐travel distance – when combined with an entrainment parameter reflecting the frequency–magnitude response of the system – maps onto these end‐members, providing a coherent conceptual model for the upscaling of erosion predictions. This conceptual model could be readily expanded to other process domains to provide a more comprehensive underpinning of landscape‐evolution models. Thus, further research on the controls and dynamics of travel distances under different modes of transport is fundamental. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Interfaces: The Role of Oxygen Vacancies and Electronic Reconstruction

The relative importance of atomic defects and electron transfer in explaining conductivity at the crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface has been a topic of debate. Metallic interfaces with similar electronic properties produced by amorphous oxide overlayers on SrTiO3 have called in question the original polarization catastrophe model. We resolve the issue by a comprehensive comparison of (100)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates with crystalline and amorphous overlayers of LaAlO3 of different thicknesses prepared under different oxygen pressures. For both types of overlayers, there is a critical thickness for the appearance of conductivity, but its value is always 4 unit cells (around 1.6 nm) for the oxygen-annealed crystalline case, whereas in the amorphous case, the critical thickness could be varied in the range 0.5 to 6 nm according to the deposition conditions. Subsequent ion milling of the overlayer restores the insulating state for the oxygen-annealed crystalline heterostructures but not for the amorphous ones. Oxygen post-annealing removes the oxygen vacancies, and the interfaces become insulating in the amorphous case. However, the interfaces with a crystalline overlayer remain conducting with reduced carrier density. These results demonstrate that oxygen vacancies are the dominant source of mobile carriers when the LaAlO3 overlayer is amorphous, while both oxygen vacancies and polarization catastrophe contribute to the interface conductivity in unannealed crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures, and the polarization catastrophe alone accounts for the conductivity in oxygen-annealed crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. Furthermore, we find that the crystallinity of the LaAlO3 layer is crucial for the polarization catastrophe mechanism in the case of crystalline LaAlO3 overlayers.
Regional correspondence among shrubsteppe bird habitats

Habitats of Brewer’s Sparrows (Spizella breweri) and Green-tailed Towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) were compared (as biological replicates) in Colorado, Nevada, and Utah to identify regional commonalities in vegetation species, structure, and vigor among habitats of shrubsteppe passerines. Sparrow habitats were in landscapes dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) whereas towhee habitats were better described as ecotones between sagebrush and other shrub species. Individuals of both species selected bushes of comparable vegetative vigor across the three states even though species populations were allopatric in two of the states. For each species, measures of vegetation structure and vigor were compared between breeding habitats in Colorado and Nevada (near the longitudinal extremes of the continental distribution of each species at 42”N latitude) in 1983. Sparrow habitats in the two states were similar in four measures of vigor but differed in all structural variables measured. Towhee habitats were similar between Colorado and Nevada for three measures of vigor and three measures of structure. Independent tests of the Colorado/Nevada conclusions were conducted near the center of the species’ ranges (Utah) in the subsequent breeding season (1984). Those tests confirmed the validity of all measures of vegetation vigor as descriptors of sparrow habitat and one measure of vigor plus two of vegetation structure as descriptors of towhee habitat. Thus, sparrow habitats were best characterized regionally by measures of sagebrush vigor, whereas towhee habitats were characterized by shrub vigor and structure. Our tests and conclusions generally support recent, correlational studies that identify vegetative physiognomy as the primary descriptor of passerine habitats at a regional scale and floristic composition as the primary descriptor at a local scale. We add that individuals of these two species selected habitats from a mosaic of patches of varying vegetation vigor (supplemented by structural information for towhees) within a locale. Measures of vegetation vigor are rarely used to described passerine habitats, although vigor surely correlates better with food abundance and cover for nests than vegetation structure. These observations suggest an hierarchical approach for viewing habitat selection by shrubsteppe birds.