Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Laser Doppler and Laser-Assisted Indocyanine Green Angiography Prediction of Flap Survival in a Novel Modification of the McFarlane Flap

BackgroundThe McFarlane rat ischemic dorsal skin flap model has been commonly used for clinical vector studies, as well as the testing of noninvasive diagnostics. However, variability of this model secondary to flap contact with the wound bed has led many to question its validity. Here we present a novel modification to the McFarlane skin flap using sterile silicone. We also use this model to test the prognostic efficacy of laser-assisted indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and laser Doppler imaging (LDI). MethodologyA 3 × 9-cm dorsal skin flap with a cranially based pedicle was created, centered 1 cm distal to the scapulae. The flap was undermined, and in one of the 2 groups, a sterile silicone sheet was placed onto the wound bed. All flaps were then reapproximated with sutures 1-cm intervals. Clinical assessment and perfusion imaging was performed immediately postoperative, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postsurgery. Postoperative day 7 clinical assessment was obtained before euthanasia. ResultsA comparative study using silicone blocked versus unblocked models (n = 6 per group) showed that, clinically, both models had equivalent flap survival [8.5 (0.913) vs 9.5 (1.01) cm2]. However, a statistically significant increase in perfusion in the mid-third of unblocked models was observed on POD3 [20.28% (2.7%) vs blocked 13.45% (2.5%), P < 0.05], with a similar increase in the distal third on POD7 [18.73% (2.064%) vs 10.91% (4.19%), P < 0.05]. A prognostic study comparing LDI and ICG angiography prediction of POD7 survival at early time points (n = 10) found that LDI underpredicted flap survival at early time points [84.2% (12.03%) on POD0, 87.35% (16.11%) on POD1]. In contrast, ICG was more proficient [100.1% (10.1%) on POD0]. ConclusionsWe present a modification of the McFarlane skin flap model that results in similar clinical results, but with a noted reduction in perfusion inconsistencies noted in unblocked models. The ICG angiography is superior to LDI in predicting POD7 flap necrosis within the first 48 hours postinjury. Future work will focus on histologic validation of our model, and vector efficacy testing.
Integrating Evolution, Cognition and Design: Extending Simonian Perspectives to Strategic Organization

Several streams of research in strategic management and organizational theory build upon the early work of Herbert Simon.Yet, as content analyses of articles published in leading management journals show, key ideas from his later years are for the most part either neglected or misinterpreted. We bring to strategic organization three constructs from Simon’s later work and make a case for their use in future research in strategic organization in general and entrepreneurship in particular: docility, a fundamental behavioral assumption in lieu of opportunism or embedded networks of trust; near-decomposability, an evolutionarily robust structural feature that permeates nature’s designs; and artifacts, products of human design that reshape local environments and/or help select between them to create and achieve human purposes. Each of these constructs embodies a uniquely Simonian integration of evolution, cognition and design.Together they enable us to conceptualize empirical phenomena as thick three-dimensional reality rather than abstractions entailed by any one of these perspectives alone.
Titrated oral misoprostol as a safe route for induction of labour at term (a clinical trial)

Objective:To assess safety and efficacy of induction of labour at term by low doses of oral misoprostol in the form of titration versus the standard regimen of vaginal misoprostol in the term of induction delivery interval, operative interventions and fetal outcome. Methods:Clinical comparative study was carried out for a period of one year from November 2008 to October 2009 at Zagazig university hospital. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of our hospital. One hundred women at term with indication of labour and Bishop score less than or equal 5, no either Obstetric or maternal contraindications for induction of labour were randomly assigned to receive oral (titrated) or vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour. The oral group received a basal of 20ml misoprostol solution (1mcg/ml) every hour for four doses and then were titrated according uterine response individually, the vaginal group received 25 mcg every 4 hours(maximum number of doses limited to six) until cervix became more favorable. The induction delivery interval, oxytocin need, mode of delivery, frequency of side effects and neonatal and maternal outcome were assessed. Chi-square or Fisher exact test, Student's T-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for analysis the data statistically. Results:The oral misoprostol group had 50 women (50%) and was given it in the form of titrated oral solution and vaginal misoprostol group had 50 women (50%). Vaginal delivery occurred within 12 hours in 38 women (76%) in oral group and in 12 women (24%) in vaginal group. The median interval from starting induction by misoprostol to vaginal delivery was significantly shorter in oral titrated misoprostol group (7.5 h) compared with vaginal misoprostol group (16.1h) with P value <0.01. The incidence of hyper-stimulation in oral group was 0.0% compared with 12% in vaginal group with P value <0.01 which is significantly different. More women had nausea 8% in oral group but fewer infants had Apgar score less than 7 at 1 minute in oral group than in vaginal group. Conclusion:Oral misoprostol in the form of titration is associated with lower incidence of uterine hyper-stimulation and lower cesarean delivery rate, better fetal outcome than vaginal misoprostol for labour induction at term in patients with unripe cervix.
Review of Structure , Properties and Fabrication of Single-Crystal Beryllium

Due to its unusual combination of properties, beryllium has been utilized as x-ray window material in commercial x-ray applications. Considerable interest also exists in using beryllium for synchrotron radiation optics, particularly as lenses and monochromators. High quality single-crystal beryllium may be used for these applications. For this purpose, a basic review of single-crystal beryllium is presented here, including its structure, properties and fabrication techniques. Published research from the 1950s until the present was utilized to obtain beryllium single-crystal properties and fabrication information. Studies indicate that monocrystals may be grown in any crystal orientation desired, but inadequate growth tenchniques have been the limiting factor in growing high quality crystals. Recent technological advancements however have nally permitted the growth of beryllium monocrystals suitable for testing as lenses and monochromators. Experiments need to be conducted to verify the feasibility of single-crystal beryllium for these applications. ∗Electronic address: msameed@aps.anl. gov †Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Dose-response of estrogen on bone versus the uterus in ovariectomized mice.

BACKGROUND Estrogen is known to have important effects on both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Moreover, there is increasing interest in developing compounds that may have selective effects on bone versus reproductive tissues. METHODS Since mouse models are often used in these studies, we administrated increasing doses of estradiol (E2) (0 to 500 microg/kg/day) by slow release pellets to ovariectomized 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice and assessed skeletal and uterine responses following 2 months of treatment. RESULTS The mice lost bone at multiple sites following ovariectomy (OVX); however, while the lowest E2 dose of 5 microg/kg/day completely prevented loss of cancellous bone (at the lumbar spine and tibial metaphysis), it had no stimulatory effects on the uterus. Higher doses of E2 resulted in further increases in bone mineral density, with eventual stimulation of the uterus at a dose of 40 microg/kg/day. By contrast, when 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice were administered the same doses of E2 and studied after 1 month, the 5 microg/kg/day dose resulted in uterine hypertropy, but was not able to prevent loss of cancellous bone. CONCLUSIONS Thus these results (i) provide data on the dose-response for the effects of E2 on mouse bone and (ii) indicate that the relative effects of E2 on bone versus the uterus are highly dependent on the particular experimental conditions used. This issue needs to be considered in evaluating agents with potential 'selective' effects on bone versus reproductive tissues.
Human papillomaviruses in lymph node neck metastases of head and neck cancers

Conclusion The results of this study corroborate earlier findings that human papillomavirus (HPV)16 is the most prevalent type of HPV in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHNs) and reinforce a possible influence of HPV on SCCHN progression by showing that the majority of HPV-positive patients harbor HPV16 (or HPV33) both in their primary tumors and in lymph node neck metastases (LNNMs). Objective HPVs are causally associated with carcinomas of the uterine cervix and have also been linked to a subset of SCCHNs. In order to further investigate the predicted causative role of HPV in SCCHNs, we analyzed pairs of primary tumors and LNNMs or LNNMs alone for the presence of HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Material and methods DNA was extracted from fresh frozen tissue samples of primary tumors and the corresponding LNNMs of 18 patients and from LNNMs alone in 17 patients. For the detection and typing of HPV, PCR was performed using both type-specific and consensus primer pairs, followed by Southern hybridization and, in selected cases, sequencing of the PCR products. Results Of the 35 patients investigated, 22 (63%) were found to have HPV DNA in their tumors: HPV16 DNA in 21 cases and HPV33 in 1. The highest HPV prevalence was detected in tumors of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring (8/9 patients; 89%). Of the 18 patients in whom primary tumors and LNNMs were analyzed, 7 (39%) were HPV-positive in both samples (HPV16, n=6; HPV33, n=1), in 3 (17%) the primary tumors were HPV-negative and the LNNMs HPV16-positive and in 1 (5.5%) the primary tumor contained HPV16 and the LNNM was negative. Interestingly, of the 7 patients in whom LNNMs had been detected only several months after diagnosis and treatment of the primary tumors, only 1 showed infection with HPV (HPV33).
Effect of internal model development on effort and error during EMG control of three functional tracking tasks

Powered upper limb prostheses typically use EMG to control movement. EMG control is often variable and inefficient, and it is unclear if persons benefit from use of internal models, which have been shown to improve performance with traditional human-machine interfaces. We investigated how internal model use affected errors and effort across a group of 20 subjects using EMG control to perform a tracking task. To vary the ability of subjects to form an internal model, we altered the amount of available information using three visual displays: compensatory, pursuit, and preview. Subjects were more accurate and exerted less effort with visual displays that provided more information and enabled stronger internal model formation (p<;0.01).
Dynamic spanning forest with worst-case update time: adaptive, Las Vegas, and O(n1/2 - ε)-time

We present two algorithms for dynamically maintaining a spanning forest of a graph undergoing edge insertions and deletions. Our algorithms guarantee worst-case update time and work against an adaptive adversary, meaning that an edge update can depend on previous outputs of the algorithms. We provide the first polynomial improvement over the long-standing O(√n) bound of [Frederickson STOC'84, Eppstein, Galil, Italiano and Nissenzweig FOCS'92] for such type of algorithms. The previously best improvement was O(√n (loglogn)2/logn) [Kejlberg-Rasmussen, Kopelowitz, Pettie and Thorup ESA'16]. We note however that these bounds were obtained by deterministic algorithms while our algorithms are randomized. Our first algorithm is Monte Carlo and guarantees an O(n0.4+o(1)) worst-case update time, where the o(1) term hides the O(√loglogn/logn) factor. Our second algorithm is Las Vegas and guarantee an O(n0.49306) worst-case update time with high probability. Algorithms with better update time either needed to assume that the adversary is oblivious (e.g. [Kapron, King and Mountjoy SODA'13]) or can only guarantee an amortized update time. Our second result answers an open problem by Kapron et al. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithms are among a few non-trivial randomized dynamic algorithms that work against adaptive adversaries. The key to our results is a decomposition of graphs into subgraphs that either have high expansion or sparse. This decomposition serves as an interface between recent developments on (static) flow computation and many old ideas in dynamic graph algorithms: On the one hand, we can combine previous dynamic graph techniques to get faster dynamic spanning forest algorithms if such decomposition is given. On the other hand, we can adapt flow-related techniques (e.g. those from [Khandekar, Rao and Vazirani STOC'06], [Peng SODA'16], and [Orecchia and Zhu SODA'14]) to maintain such decomposition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these flow techniques are used in fully dynamic graph algorithms.
A systems model for probabilistic risk assessment of improvised explosive device attacks

Due to their improvised nature, the variability in the design, manufacture and operation of most improvised explosive devices (IEDs) defy the traditional paradigms used to assess the effectiveness of conventional munitions. Thus, IEDs are complex socio-technical systems to model. To compensate for inadequacies in model design or data deficiencies, expert judgement and subjective probability assignments are often employed. The paper aims to reduce this reliance by developing an IED probabilistic risk assessment model using a systems model for IED attacks based on IED device reliability and characterising the human aspects of IED attack operational effectiveness from existing terrorism databases. This model can then be used to develop an automated model for IED probabilistic risk assessment that can be used towards informing military applications such as operations planning and war-gaming, and civil applications such as security risk management (including event planning), protective construction requirements, and insurance assessments. It was found that the risk of loss (fatalities, property damage) is influenced more by operational aspects (such as target selection, IED placement and attack timing) than the technical aspects of the device design and manufacture.
MIMO OFDM Index Modulation with Circular-Shift-Based Activation Pattern for Rapidly Time-Varying Channels

In this paper, the extension of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) index modulation (IM) from single-antenna systems to multiple-antenna systems is studied. And a multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) OFDM IM scheme with circular-shift-based activation pattern is proposed for the rapidly time- varying (RTV) channel. In the proposed scheme, the IM is applied in the joint antenna and sub-carrier dimension. Concretely, a constructive generation method of the IM pattern matrix based on the circular shift of a sparse column vector is presented, which makes the frequency-domain signal is sparse in both antenna and sub-carrier dimensions. The performance of the proposed scheme in the RTV channel is demonstrated by computer simulations.
Information Quality Evaluation Framework: Extending ISO 25012 Data Quality Model

The world wide web coupled with the ever-increasing sophistication of online technologies and software applications puts greater emphasis on the need of even more sophisticated and consistent quality requirements modeling than traditional software applications. Web sites and Web applications (WebApps) are becoming more information driven and content-oriented raising the concern about their information quality (InQ). The consistent and consolidated modeling of InQ requirements for WebApps at different stages of the life cycle still poses a challenge. This paper proposes an approach to specify InQ requirements for WebApps by reusing and extending the ISO 25012:2008(E) data quality model. We also discuss learnability aspect of information quality for the WebApps. The proposed ISO 25012 based InQ framework is a step towards a standardized approach to evaluate WebApps InQ. Keywords—Data Quality Model, Information learnability, Information Quality, Web applications.
Étude et suivi des bourgeons épicormiques à l'origine des gourmands chez le Chêne sessile.

Un gourmand est une pousse qui apparait sur la tige a partir d’un bourgeon reste en latence (Bary-Lenger et Nebout, 1993). Les Chenes sessile et pedoncule ont une forte capacite a produire des gourmands (Roussel, 1978 ; Courraud, 1987 ; Spiecker, 1991 ; Miller, 1996), dont la trace laissee dans le bois peut etre fortement penalisante pour l’utilisation de ce dernier. Un developpement important des gourmands dans un peuplement est souvent considere comme la consequence d’un stress sanctionnant une sylviculture inadaptee (peuplement maintenu trop dense ou trop pur, eclaircie trop brutale.) ou une station defavorable (humidite trop grande, secheresse trop accentuee.). Ces considerations en restent pour l’instant au stade des hypotheses. La disparition des gourmands est vecue par le forestier comme un soulagement. Pourtant, elle n’entraine pas forcement celle des defauts et pourrait meme contribuer a l’aggravation de ceux-ci lorsqu’elle engendre une multiplication des bourgeons a leur base (Kiefer, 1995 ; Drenou, 1996). Tous les jeunes peuplements de Chene paraissent en fait sujets peu ou prou aux “acces” de gourmands, alors que les amas de bourgeons et autres picots affectant la qualite des billes de pied au stade adulte semblent se concentrer sur certains peuplements seulement, avec une forte variabilite entre les tiges qui le composent. Quels processus peuvent conduire ces crises “d’acne juvenile” a de vilaines cicatrices “varioliques” et existe-t-il des facteurs aggravants ?
Before the First Buddha: Medieval Japanese Cosmogony and the Quest for the Primeval Kami

FROM the end of the Heian period, a number of texts began to investigate cosmogonic issues, namely, the process of creation of the universe and the manifestations of the first deities—matters more generally pertaining to what is known as “the age of the gods” ( jindai or kamiyo ). Indeed, pervasive interest in cosmogony is one of the most significant aspects of the medieval Japanese intellectual arena and characterizes the entire contemporaneous discourse about the kami. Such a focus was something quite new; far from emphasizing the primeval condition, the early foundational texts Nihon shoki and Kojiki allocate only a minor place to cosmogony. Although the broader intellectual context in which the focus on cosmogony arose was essentially Buddhist, a striking aspect of the discussion of such issues is its extensive recourse to non-Buddhist sources. The exploration of cosmogony led medieval authors to concentrate on events that they understood in both temporal and intellectual terms as having taken place before the appearance of the first Buddha, events that lay on Buddhism’s “outside,” so to speak. Investigation of these outside developments necessarily required the mobilization of non-Buddhist sources, concepts, and representations, and it led as well to attempts to identify what was conceptualized as the primordial kami, one that was supposed to precede not only the beginning of Buddhism, but the very creation of the universe. In this new discourse on cosmogony, Buddhism was criticized for having introduced dualist distinctions (namely, the dichotomy enlightenment/delusion); authors began then to investigate what they believed to be a more fundamental condition of being in which dualism had not yet arisen. This condition, known as “fundamental ignorance” (ganbon mumyô , ganjo mumyô ,
INFLUENCE OF ENZYMES ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED SUNFLOWER-CORN BASED DIETS

A 42-days trial was conducted to study the influence of exogenous enzymes supplementation to sunflower-corn based diet on digestive and performance traits in broilers. There were three treatments (control, Hamecozyme and Rovabio supplemented diets) and three replicates (20 broiler chicks per replicate) per treatment. At the end of the trial, birds fed the enzymes supplemented diets ate more and grew faster (p 0.05) difference was observed in meat composition among the all groups. Mortality rate was considerably low in enzyme treated groups. Sticky droppings caused by sunflower-corn based feeding were also mitigated by enzyme feeding. The results indicated that enzyme supplementation reduced the relative cost per unit weight gain. It was concluded that enzymes supplementation to sunflower-corn based diets improved digestibility of nutrients and performance of broilers.
Dietary Fructooligosaccharides Induce Immunoregulation of Intestinal IgA Secretion by Murine Peyer's Patch Cells

Probiotic supplements induce immunological responses in the host, and dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate the growth of selected intestinal microflora. In this study we investigated the immunological influences of orally administrated FOS. BALB/c mice were oral administered 0-7.5% FOS for 6 weeks, and the intestinal mucosal immune responses were measured. In the 2.5%-FOS group, fecal IgA was significantly increased. IgA secretion by Peyer's patch (PP) cells was upregulated in a dose-dependent way in response to FOS and CD4+ T cells from PP showed a dose-dependent increase in production of interferon-γ and interleukin (IL) 10, and a high response in production of IL-5 and IL-6. In contrast, FOS suppressed serum IgG1. Our findings suggest that FOS supplementation changes the intestinal environment of microflora, and leads to upregulation of IgA secretion in CD4+ PP cells in intestinal mucosa, and to suppression of the systemic immune response to type 2 helper T (Th2) dominant.
Clearing Up After the Science Wars: A Response to Emily A. Schultz

Emily Schultz seeks in ‘‘Fear of Scandalous Knowledge’’ (Schultz 2010) to bring important approaches in science studies, along with recent developments in related fields, to the attention of fellow anthropologists. She also seeks to counter lingering misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the views involved. Her conscientious efforts to both these ends should, I think, be applauded and I am glad that she found my book Scandalous Knowledge (Smith 2006) useful along the way. There are, however, a number of places where Schultz’s phrasing or emphasis may itself be misleading. I note some of these below and offer a few additional comments.
Dislocation nucleation during nanoindentation of aluminum

Through multiscale simulations, we explore the influence of both smooth and atomically rough indenter tips on the nucleation of dislocations during nanoindentation of single-crystal aluminum. We model the long-range strain with finite element analysis using anisotropic linear elasticity. We then model a region near the indenter atomistically and perform molecular dynamics with an embedded atom method interatomic potential. We find that smooth indenters nucleate dislocations below the surface but rough indenters can nucleate dislocations both at the surface and below. Increasing temperature from 0 to 300 K creates prenucleation defects in the region of high stress and decreases the critical depth.