Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sorghum Flour Characterization and Evaluation in Gluten-Free Flour Tortilla

Four sorghum hybrids (Fontanelle-625 [F-625]), Fontanelle-1000 [F-1,000], ATx631xRTx2907 [NE#20] and 5,040C) were characterized and evaluated for kernel characteristics, proximate analysis, flour characterization (particle size distributions, starch damage, amylose content and starch pasting properties) and end product in gluten-free tortilla. A commercial sorghum flour (TVM) was used as a control. Significant differences were found (P 0.05). NE#20 had the largest particle diameter for both flour and starch. F-1000 had significantly higher starch damage compared with the other hybrids. Flours with smaller particle size and higher starch damage contributed to softer and more extensible tortilla. Amylose content ranged from 20.2 (NE#20) to 27.3 (F-1000). Tortilla made with TVM flour had the highest extensibility, while the F-625 tortilla had the lowest. F-625 tortilla had the lightest color with L* value of 70.38, while the 5,040C tortilla had the darkest with L* value of 61.68. Descriptive sensory results showed significant differences for tortilla grain specks, angle of bend, rancidity, sweetness, springiness, hardness and grittiness. The results have shown that sorghum hybrids can differ in kernel and flour properties, which could help predict sorghum flour quality for the purpose of gluten-free products.
The effect of decision delay in finite-length decision feedback equalization

In this correspondence we derive the finite-length, minimum mean-squared error decision feedback equalizer (MMSE-DFE). We include decision delay as an explicit parameter. Our derivation yields an algebraic interpretation of the effect of decision delay on DFE performance (measured by mean-squared error). It also allows the fast computation of the MMSE-DFE for several different values of both decision delay and the number of feedback taps. Our approach is especially useful for short filter lengths, when the decision delay can significantly affect DFE performance.
How a Small Quantum Bath Can Thermalize Long Localized Chains.

We investigate the stability of the many-body localized phase for a system in contact with a single ergodic grain modeling a Griffiths region with low disorder. Our numerical analysis provides evidence that even a small ergodic grain consisting of only three qubits can delocalize a localized chain as soon as the localization length exceeds a critical value separating localized and extended regimes of the whole system. We present a simple theory, consistent with De Roeck and Huveneers's arguments in [Phys. Rev. B 95, 155129 (2017)PRBMDO2469-995010.1103/PhysRevB.95. 155129] that assumes a system to be locally ergodic unless the local relaxation time determined by Fermi's golden rule is larger than the inverse level spacing. This theory predicts a critical value for the localization length that is perfectly consistent with our numerical calculations. We analyze in detail the behavior of local operators inside and outside the ergodic grain and find excellent agreement of numerics and theory.
Infections Following Kidney Transplant in Children: A Single-Center Study

Introduction: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients undergoing kidney transplantation (KT). Aim and Methods: To determine the patterns of infectious complications during the first 6 months post transplantation, we report our single center experience with data from pediatric kidney recipients transplanted between 2006 and 2011. Results: Thirty-two children (20 males) were submitted to KT. The most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) accounting for 62%. Over the first 6 months post-transplant period, twenty-eight (87.5%) children developed a total of 77 infections, mainly urinary tract infections (UTI) (64.9%). CAKUT etiology of ESRD and UTI before KT increased the risk to develop more than one episode of UTI [71.4% vs. 14.3% and 81.8% vs. 18.2%, respectively; p < 0.05]. Twenty-three (29.9%) viral infections occurred. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the most common opportunistic pathogen, occurred in 11 patients and was more frequently in those with a donor (D)+/recipient (R)- CMV sero-status [74.5% vs. 25.5% (p < 0.05)]. A polyomaviruses (BKV) disease with nephropathy and meningitis was registered. The majority of infectious episodes had mild or moderate severity. No deaths occurred. Conclusion: A significant number of patients presented infectious complications during the first 6 months post transplantation. UTI are the most common type of infection, followed by viral infections, particularly CMV. Recognition, prevention and early treatment of infections are of major importance.
Effects of pasteurization of colostrum on subsequent serum lactoferrin concentration and neutrophil superoxide production in calves.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of pasteurization of colostrum on serum lactoferrin concentration and neutrophil oxidative function by comparing values from calves given pasteurized (76 C, 15 minutes) colostrum versus calves given fresh frozen colostrum. ANIMALS 8 Holstein bull calves were used to study the effects of pasteurization of colostrum on the absorption of lactoferrin and neutrophil oxidative burst. Three additional calves were used to study the effect of exogenous lactoferrin on neutrophil oxidative burst. METHODS Calves were fed fresh frozen or heat pasteurized colostrum (76 C for 15 minutes) via esophageal feeder within 4 hours of birth. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood samples. Neutrophil oxidative burst was induced by phorbol ester (300 ng/ml) stimulation of cells (1 X 10(6) cells) at 37 C. Serum lactoferrin concentrations were compared, using immunoblot analysis. Serum IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunoassay. Comparisons were made between the use of the 2 types of colostrum in calves by measuring subsequent serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations and neutrophil superoxide production. RESULTS Serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations increased more in calves receiving fresh frozen colostrum. Neutrophil superoxide production was higher in neutrophils prepared from calves receiving fresh frozen colostrum. Colostral lactoferrin addition to neutrophil incubations resulted in increased oxidative burst. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with calves given fresh frozen colostrum, calves given pasteurized colostrum had decreased serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations and neutrophil superoxide production 24 hours after administration. These results suggest that pasteurizing bovine colostrum at 76 C for 15 minutes has substantial effects on passive transfer of proteins and neutrophil function.
Xpa and Xpa/p53+/- Knockout Mice: Overview of Available Data

DNA repair defi cient Xpa-/- and Xpa-/- /p53 +/- knock-out mice in a C57BL/6 genetic background, referred to as respectively the XPA and XPA/p53 model, were investigatedinthe international collaborative research program coordinated by InternationalLife Sciences Institute(ILSI)/Health and Environmental Science Institute. From the selected list of 21 ILSI compounds, 13 were tested in the XPA model, and 10 in the XPA/p53 model. With one exception, all studies had a duration of 9 months (39 weeks). The observed spontaneous tumor incidence for the XPA model after 9 months was comparable to that of wild-type mice (total 6%). For the XPA/p53 model, this was somewhat higher (9%/13% for males/females). The 3 positive control compounds used, B[a]P, p-cresidine, and 2-AAF, gave positive and consistent tumor responses in both the XPA and XPA/p53 model, but no or lower responses in wild-type mice. From the 13 ILSI compounds tested, the single genotoxic carcinogen (phenacetin) was negative in both the XPA and XPA/p53 model. Positive tumor responses were observed for 4 compounds, the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A, the hormone carcinogens DES and estradiol, and the peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643. Negative results were obtained with 5 other nongenotoxic rodent carcinogens, and 2 noncarcinogens tested. As expected, both DNA repair defi cient models respond to genotoxiccarcinogens. Combined with previous results, 6 out of 7 (86%) of the genotoxic human and/or rodent carcinogens tested are positive in the XPA model. The positive results obtained with the 4 mentioned nongenotoxicILSI compounds may point to other carcinogenic mechanisms involved, or may raise some doubts about their true nongenotoxicnature. In general, the XPA/p53 model appears to be more sensitive to carcinogens than the XPA model.
The Coraliance study: non-compliant behavior. Results after a 6-month follow-up of patients on oral contraceptives

Objectives This follow-up study was planned to establish the frequency with which women miss their contraceptive pill, and to observe their behavior when they forget it. In those women who changed from a continuous cycle to an interrupted type of cycle, or vice versa, the study also aimed to evaluate the impact of this change on the pattern of omission of pills. Methods The longitudinal, prospective cohort study included healthy women of child-bearing age for whom a change of pill was being prescribed by their gynecologist. Data were recorded during the 6 months preceding inclusion in the study, and for the 6 months of follow-up; the women were asked to complete a diary in which they recorded the number and exact times of pill omission, and their behavior at each omission. Results A total of 617 gynecologists included 3316 women into the study; of these, a group of 2418 (73%) revisited the same gynecologist at follow-up. The groups who either visited the same or a different gynecologist were similar with respect to age, oral contraception type, omission type and frequency. A large non-compliance rate and women's difficulties in maintaining safe contraception after missing a pill were observed in the group with follow-up. Women were never risk-free when they missed a pill; they turned to numerous sources for discordant or conflicting information; 15% of 'not-forgetting' women at the pre-inclusion cycle recorded at least one omission at the last cycle of the 6-month follow-up period. Omission fluctuations during the observational period make it difficult to designate 'forgetful' or 'non-forgetful' classes of women. Administration of the pill in a continuous cycle, and probably 'study' and 'auto-questionnaire' effects, contributed to an improvement in compliance. In the group taking the continuous cycle pill, the omission number slightly decreased, particularly on the first day and week of the cycle, irrespective of the initial cycle type. Conclusions The importance of the phenomenon of non-compliance rate is confirmed as well as women's difficulties in knowing how to maintain contraceptive safety. The continuous cycle regimen is likely to improve women's compliance during the critical period of the cycle.
Management of fecal incontinence in adults

This article summarises the findings from the conservative management of faecal incontinence in adults committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence. We conducted comprehensive literature searches using the following keywords combined with the relevant intervention: “anal, anorectal, bowel, faecal, fecal, rectal, stool” and “continent$ or incontinent$,” Prevalence etimates for faecal or anal incontinence vary widely, from 2.2% to 2.5%. Expert opinion supports the use of general health education, patient teaching about bowel function and advice on lifestyle modification, but the evidence base is small. Unlike urinary incontinence, few “lifestyle” associations have been identified with FI and little is known about whether interventions designed to reduce potential risk factors might improve FI. The article summarises the evidence and recommendations from the committee for clinical practice and future research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 199–206, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semantic sentence processing reflected in the event-related potentials of one- and two-year-old children

The present study used the N400, an electrophysiological correlate of semantic processing, to investigate 19- and 24-month-old children's ability to integrate the meaning of words in a sentential context. Children listened passively to semantically appropriate sentences and to sentences in which the object noun violates the selection restriction of the verb. The event-related potentials of both age groups revealed an N400 on inappropriate object nouns. This indicates that the children are able to semantically integrate words into sentence contexts. Furthermore, the result implies that selection restrictions are part of the children's first verb representations.
Combined Use of F‐18 Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Brain Tumor Evaluation

Background. Choline metabolism is often abnormal in malignant brain tumors.Methods. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with F‐18 fluorocholine (FCH) was performed on 2 patients with intracranial lesions suspected to be high‐grade malignant gliomas on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multivoxel 1H‐MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) findings. Standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements on PET were compared with measurements of choline/creatine metabolite ratio on MRSI in corresponding regions. Brain biopsy revealed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in one case and demyelinating disease in the other.Results. In the case of GBM, the tumor demonstrated increased FCH uptake on PET. The mean and maximum SUV in areas of the tumor correlated with regional choline/ creatine ratio measurements (r= 0.76,P < .001;r= 0.83,P < .001, respectively). In the case of tumefactive demyelinating lesions, the lesion demonstrated low FCH uptake, which did not correlate with choline/ creatine ratio measurements.Conclusions. Assessments of choline metabolism may aid in evaluating intracranial mass lesions.
Factors affecting accidental extubations in neonatal and pediatric intensive care patients

All patients intubated in the neonatal (NICU) and pediatric (PICU) ICUs over a 3-yr period were evaluated prospectively to determine the incidence of accidental extubation (AE) and contributing factors. Two thousand two hundred patients (age range 26 wk gestation to 18 yr) were intubated for a total of 21,222 days. In the PICU and NICU, a total of 153 patients experienced 195 AE. The PICU had 113 AE in 1,388 subunit for a rate of 1.15 AE/100 intubated days. The NICU had 82 AE in 812 intubated patients, a rate of 0.72 AE/100 intubated days. A review of factors contributing to AE showed the most critical to be: sedation not administered in the 2 h before AE (65%), the lack of two-point or more restraints (58%), and the performance of a patient procedure at the bedside (49%). One death occurred as an indirect consequence of AE. The data are being reported as a function of number of days intubated in an attempt to standardize reporting techniques. The use of standardized reporting and the identification of high-risk factors may be useful for education and modification of patient care practices. (Crit Care Med 1990; 18:163)
Acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in the very old – risk factor profile and stroke subtype between patients older than 80 years and patients aged less than 80 years

Old age groups have different risk profile and stroke features compared to younger groups. Our aim was to examine the risk factor profile and stroke subtype in patients older than 80 years with ischemic stroke. Data of 535 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were prospectively recorded. Cardiovascular risk factors and stroke subtype in individuals aged 80 years or older were compared with patients under 80. Of 535 patients a total of 179 were over 80 years (33.5%). The mean age was 84.4 ± 4.4 years (61.8%; 111 women). The most common risk factors included hypertension (82.7%) and hyperlipidemia (40.2%). Lacunar stroke was the most frequent subtype of stroke (41.7%). When the groups were compared, we observed the following risk factors more frequently in the group older than 80: female patients (P = <0.001), hypertension (OR = 1.62), atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.64); whereas diabetes (OR = 0.54), hyperlipidemia (OR = 0.57), smoking (OR = 0.17) and obesity (OR = 0.58) were more frequent in the group younger than 80. In the old group we found a high incidence of ischemic stroke in women. We also found a higher frequency of hypertension and atrial fibrillation. The available and future epidemiological data will provide a better knowledge about the effect of typical risk factors in old people.
Uxoricide in Pregnancy: Ancient Greek Domestic Violence in Evolutionary Perspective

Previous studies of ancient Greek examples of uxoricide in pregnancy have concluded that the theme is used to suggest tyrannical abuse of power and that the violence is a product of the patriarchal nature of ancient society. This article uses evolutionary analyses of violence during pregnancy to argue that the themes of sexual jealousy and uncertainty over paternity are as crucial as the theme of power to an understanding of these examples and that the examples can be seen as typical instances of spousal abuse as it occurs in all types of society.
Loss-of-function de novo mutations play an important role in severe human neural tube defects

Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are very common and severe birth defects that are caused by failure of neural tube closure and that have a complex aetiology. Anencephaly and spina bifida are severe NTDs that affect reproductive fitness and suggest a role for de novo mutations (DNMs) in their aetiology. Methods We used whole-exome sequencing in 43 sporadic cases affected with myelomeningocele or anencephaly and their unaffected parents to identify DNMs in their exomes. Results We identified 42 coding DNMs in 25 cases, of which 6 were loss of function (LoF) showing a higher rate of LoF DNM in our cohort compared with control cohorts. Notably, we identified two protein-truncating DNMs in two independent cases in SHROOM3, previously associated with NTDs only in animal models. We have demonstrated a significant enrichment of LoF DNMs in this gene in NTDs compared with the gene specific DNM rate and to the DNM rate estimated from control cohorts. We also identified one nonsense DNM in PAX3 and two potentially causative missense DNMs in GRHL3 and PTPRS. Conclusions Our study demonstrates an important role of LoF DNMs in the development of NTDs and strongly implicates SHROOM3 in its aetiology.
The relevance of food composition data for nutrition surveys in rural Tibet: pilot study in the context of Kashin-Beck Disease

La pertinence des donnees de composition des aliments pour les enquetes nutritionnelles dans les regions rurales du Tibet : etude pilote dans le cadre de la maladie de Kashin-Beck. La maladie de Kashin-Beck se traduit par une osteochondropathie endemique et chronique. Cette maladie se rencontre principalement dans la Region Autonome du Tibet et dans plusieurs provinces de la Republique Populaire de Chine. Bien que toujours incertaine, l’etiologie de cette maladie est vraisemblablement environnementale et multifactorielle, et l’apport en mineraux est suppose y jouer un role preponderant. L’alimentation en particulier differencie les populations rurales touchees par la maladie des autres groupes (nomades et citadins). L’objectif de la presente etude, preliminaire a une enquete nutritionnelle epidemiologique, est l’analyse de la composition minerale (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Se, Al, Sr, Mo, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr et Co) de huit aliments de base au Tibet et la comparaison des resultats avec deux tables de composition alimentaires. Vingt familles furent recrutees dans des regions rurales endemiques et non endemiques aux alentours de Lhassa, et les aliments y ont ete echantillonnes. Une dizaine de mineraux impliques dans le metabolisme osseux a ete analysee par diverses methodes spectrometriques atomiques et moleculaires. Les resultats semblent indiquer qu’un nombre tres limite de couples aliments/constituants presente une variation de la composition minerale au cours d’une meme annee pour une region donnee. Par contre, il y a des differences significatives entre les regions endemiques et non endemiques, surtout pour la farine de ble. Les contenus en mineraux des aliments tibetains ont ensuite ete compares a la composition d’aliments similaires provenant de tables de composition alimentaire : USDA National Nutrient Database (USDA Food Search for Windows, Version 1.0, database version SR23) et China Food Composition (livre 1, 2e edition). Plus de 50 a 60 % des p-valeurs sont inferieures a 0,05, suggerant l’inadequation des tables de composition alimentaire dans le cas d’etude nutritionnelle en region rurale tibetaine et l’importance de l’analyse des aliments traditionnels. Les differences sont plus marquees en fonction des elements consideres et les teneurs en calcium semblent les plus eloignees des tables. Le nombre d’echantillons par aliments et surtout le nombre d’aliments echantillonnes sont trop faibles pour tirer des conclusions definitives. Cependant, il semble que la presente etude pilote indique des divergences significatives entre les valeurs mesurees et les valeurs des tables. Une etude plus complete est donc indispensable.
The P300 potential for fixations onto target object when exploring natural scenes during a visual task after denoising overlapped EFRP

Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have largely reported the P300 Event Related Potential (ERP) elicited by target stimulus processing compared to non-target stimulus. These studies used constrain experimental paradigms during which participants did not move their eyes. However, during more ecological paradigms where participants can move their eyes, the P300 potential might be more difficult to identify due to the overlapped potentials elicited by consecutive ocular fixations. In this study, we use the xDawn algorithm for denoising the overlapped Eye-Fixation Related Potentials (EFRP), and we observe the P300 potential elicited on the first, but also on the consecutive subsequent fixations landed on the target stimuli.
Occurrence of delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops according to consensus criteria within the first 1-6 months after a horrifying traumatic event, but it is alleged that PTSD may develop later. The objective was to review the evidence addressing occurrence of PTSD with onset >6 months after a traumatic event (delayed-onset PTSD). METHODS Through a systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, we identified 39 studies with prospective ascertainment of PTSD. A meta-analysis was performed in order to obtain a weighted estimate of the average proportion of delayed-onset PTSD cases, and meta-regression was used to examine effects of several characteristics RESULTS Delayed-onset PTSD was reported in all studies except one, and the average prevalence across all follow-up time was 5.6% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.3-7.3%]. The proportion with delayed-onset PTSD relative to all cases of PTSD was on average 24.5% (95% CI 19.5-30.3%) with large variation across studies. In six studies with sub-threshold symptom data, delayed-onset PTSD seemed most likely an aggravation of early symptoms. The proportion with delayed-onset PTSD was almost twice as high among veterans and other professional groups compared to non-professional victims. CONCLUSION Descriptive follow-up data suggest that PTSD may manifest itself >6 months after a traumatic event, delayed-onset PTSD most often, if not always, is preceded by sub-threshold PTSD symptoms, and a higher proportion of PTSD cases are delayed among professional groups. Contextual factors and biased recall may inflate reporting of PTSD and a cautious interpretation of prevalence rates seems prudent.