Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Empirical Approaches for Analyzing Taxes and Labor Supply

Recent surveys on the labor-supply responses of men document a divergence in the estimates of substitution and income effects obtained using various estimation approaches. Generally, studies accounting for nonlinear tax schedules in a static setting via a piecewise-linear approach produce estimates that typically imply higher substitution and lower income responses than are suggested by empirical work applying other approaches. This paper demonstrates that maximum likelihood estimation of a consumer-choice problem with nonlinear budget sets implicitly relies on the satisfaction of inequality constraints that translate into behaviorally meaningful restrictions. These constraints arise not as a consequence of economic theory, but instead as a requirement to create a properly defined statistical model. In the analysis of piecewise-linear budget sets, the implicit constraints required by maximum likelihood in estimation amount to imposition of Slutsky conditions at all wage-income combinations associated with kink points. In the analysis of differentiable budget sets, the tacit constraints invoked by maximum likelihood also involve inequality restrictions on Slutsky terms. The empirical work presented in this study supports the contention that these implicit constraints play a major role in explaining the discrepancies in estimates found in the literature on men's labor supply.
Role of Transformational Leadership in Employee's Performance with Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Health Sector of Pakistan

This research explores the association among transformational leadership, employee performances and also investigates the mediation of job satisfaction in the association of transformational leadership as independent variable and employee performance as dependent variable in health sector of Pakistan. Research data was collected; using questionnaire total 152 respondents participated in the study. From data analysis, it was concluded that the transformational leadership positively influences employee performance in the health sector of Pakistan. Job satisfaction as mediator was assessed by applying mediated regression analysis. It was found that job contentment mediated the affiliation between relation of transformational leadership as independent variable and employee performance as dependent variable.
Tax Competition and Partial Coordination

To determine the welfare effects of tax coordination, it is often assumed that one tax is jointly increased and all other policy instruments are held constant. This paper, in contrast, analyzes partial coordination in the sense that each country can still adjust another tax, which is not subject to coordination. In a model with capital and labor taxation, we show that under plausible assumptions the welfare effect of coordinating the capital tax only is then still nonnegative. For a partial coordination of the labor tax, however, the results become ambiguous and depend on the labor-supply elasticity.
Concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) in follicular cysts, mono - and polyoocyte follicles in gilts

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the concentration of BMP-15 and GDF-9 in the fluid of follicular cysts and ovarian follicles, and to compare their concentrations in mono- and polyoocyte follicles in gilts. The study involved two experiments conducted on the ovaries collected post-slaughter from gilts (7-8 months old). The first experiment covered 31 follicular single cyst gilts (15-25 mm in diameter) and 41 gilts without cysts. Follicular fluid from follicles of 8-10 mm in diameter (n=41) and 5-8 mm in diameter (n=41), and cystic fluid (n=31) were collected for analysis. The second experiment involved collecting follicular fluid from poly- (n=19) and monooocyte (n=22) follicles. The concentration of BMP-15 and GDF-9 was then determined in the samples using specimen-specific ELISA kits. The differences in the concentration of these factors were calculated by means of analysis of variance and a posthoc test. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to verify the significance of differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01. In addition, correlations between the factors were calculated. BMP-15 and GDF-9 levels in the cystic fluid were significantly higher than those in the follicular fluid (P<0.01). However, no differences were observed between various size follicles or between mono- and polyoocyte follicles. BMP-15 and GDF-9 concentrations were found to be positively correlated (P<0.01). Differences in BMP-15 and GDF-9 concentrations in ovarian follicles and follicular cysts, as evidenced by our study, indicate that these factors may be related to folliculogenesis disorders in gilts. What is more, the number of oocytes in ovarian follicles does not influence the intrafollicular concentration of BMP-15 and GDF-9.
The Colonial Origins Of Comparative Development : Comment . A Solution to the Settler Mortality Debate

I address David Albouy’s (2006) critique of the data constructed by Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson (2001). The contribution of this paper is to instrument for settler mortality rates that are collected from historical sources — and that may be measured with error — with a geographic model of the determinants of disease. I first establish that my instruments are significant predictors of mortality and are otherwise excludable to institutions. Among other things, the excludability is established by a falsification exercise, in which I document that the geographic potential for mortality strongly a ected institutions in former colonies, yet it had no e ect on institutions in the rest of the world. This di erential e ect settler mortality had on development can only be rationalized by the early institution building hypothesis that Acemoglu et al. argue for. I next repeat the analysis of Acemoglu et al. instrumenting for the historical mortality rate with its geographic projection. The instrumented mortality rate is a highly significant predictor of institutional quality. Moreover, this result is true when instrumenting for either the original data or the revised mortality series of Albouy. This result is also true when accounting for the population that the historical data was sampled from. Turning to the instrumental variable estimations, I show that also the relation between institutions and income is highly significant and that the associated importance of institutions for international income di erences is substantial. Again this finding is true when using either of the two historical series and also when accounting for the population that the historical data was sampled from. I thus conclude that the empirical results presented in Acemoglu et al. indeed reflect their early institution building hypothesis rather than measurement error. Contact: Email: raphael.auer@snb.ch, I thank Daron Acemoglu, Josh Angrist, Andrei Shleifer and especially Gerard Padro-I-Miguel for helpful discussions. I thank Domagoj Arapovic for excellent research assistance.
Impact of infection with Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum isolates on carpophore setting and yielding of Agaricus bisporus.

The effect of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum isolates on carpophore setting and yielding of Agaricus bisporus strains and single-spore cultures was investigated. Two mushroom strains – Amycel 2200 and F62, as well as four single-spore cultures: Am-7/B, Am-19/S, F-23/K and F-17/B were applied. The culturing substrate was infected with two T. aggressivum f. europaeum isolates designated as KWS-4/12 and MSK-17/4. The infection of the examined strains and single-spore cultures of the mushroom with the examined T. aggressivum f. europaeum isolates caused considerable decline in number of set carpophores and very serious drops in yields.
Occupational Segregation in a Country of Recent Mass Immigration: Evidence from Spain

The aim of this paper is to study the occupational segregation of immigrants in Spain. It analyzes whether age, educational level, gender, region of origin, and years of residence in Spain affect the distribution of immigrants across occupations. In addition, given the remarkable increase of immigrants in the last few years and the adjustments that have occurred in the Spanish labor market from the current economic crisis, the recent evolution of the occupational segregation of immigrants is addressed as well. For these purposes, several measures recently proposed in the literature are used.
ROSEMARY, HEATHER AND HETEROFLORAL HONEYS PROTECT TOWARDS CYTOTOXICITY OF ACRYLAMIDE IN HUMAN HEPATOMA CELLS LAS MIELES DE ROMERO, BREZO Y MULTIFLORAL PROTEGEN FRENTE A LA CITOTOXICIDAD DE LA ACRILAMIDA EN CÉLULAS DE HEPATOMA HUMANO

In April 2002 the Swedish Agency for Food Safety alerts of the presence of acrylamide (AA) in carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs subjected to elevated frying temperatures (150 180°C) such as fried potatoes, biscuits or breakfast cereals. The International Agency on Research on Cancer (IARC) classified acrylamide as a probable carcinogen, Group 2A. In consequence, one of the priority objectives of Food Safety is to reduce the presence of this substance in food. Numerous studies show the inhibitory effect of antioxidants present in fruit and vegetable extracts against the formation of acrylamide. Honey is also a good source of antioxidants since it contains a great variety of phenolic compounds. Therefore the main objective of this work was to evaluate the protective effect of three Madrid honeys of different floral origin against the AA-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The results showed that the acrylamide in concentrations 1.4 and 2.8 mg/ml and in a 24-hour incubation period significantly reduced the percentage of cell viability (67 and 24 %, respectively). In simultaneous treatment of acrylamide (2.8 mg/ml) and the corresponding honeys we noted that rosemary honey in all concentrations tested increased the percentage of cell survival in 40-49 %, while heather honey and heterofloral honey increased cell viability by 54 and 66% respectively. The artificial honey did not mitigate the AA-induced cytotoxic effect. As a result, the protective effect of the evaluated honeys can be attributed to its polyphenolic content and not the sugar constituents.
Development of Fuzzy Relationships between Different Quality of Experience Parameters

User psycho-acoustic and visual perception of telecommunication service quality depends on a wide palette of objective and subjective parameters. This is especially relevant in the process of evaluation, assessment or prediction of user Quality of Experience (QoE) for specific service, because these processes require the revelation of the correlations between different parameters. Using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) based video streaming service as an example, in this paper we investigate the impact of three objective parameters (the packet loss rate, the number and the duration of packet loss occurrences) on user perception by conducting subjective quality tests. We then use Fuzzy C- Means (FCM) clustering approach to cluster test subjects’ ratings as well as to define degrees of membership of each rating to specific fuzzy cluster. Based on the obtained degrees of membership, the fuzzy relationships between different objective and subjective parameters are approximated using the normal distributions.
Lung Function Disturbance Based on Student Characteristic in Surabaya Dental Laboratory

The dental technician program of Airlangga University teaches and trains aspiring dental technicians. During three years of study, students manufacture dental prostheses such as cobalt chromium coping and acrylic dentures and perform other procedures, such as crown and bridge restoration. However, the use of dental prostheses material might cause respiratory diseases, skin problems, and neurotoxicity. Few respiratory diseases have been reported related to the occupation of dental technician, and epidemiology studies have shown high prevalence of pneumoconiosis linked with exposure duration. Lung function disturbance severity in dental laboratories is affected by some factors, such as the characteristics of workers in such a setting. This study aims to investigate the lung function representation of students of the dental technician program of Airlangga University in relation to student characteristics in the dental laboratory. This study is an observational decriptive study. Data are obtained by using a questionnaire and a literature review, and lung physiological examination is conducted using spirometry. Examination data results are presented in the form of a ratio scale and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Conclusion: No significant difference in lung function was observed between smokers and non-smokers and between mask-wearers and non-mask-wearers.
Atomic‐Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed Lasers

The optical conductance of monolayer graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, α = $e^2 /\hbar c$ (where e is the electron charge, $\hbar $ is Dirac's constant and c is the speed of light). The absorbance has been predicted to be independent of frequency. In principle, the interband optical absorption in zero‐gap graphene could be saturated readily under strong excitation due to Pauli blocking. Here, use of atomic layer graphene as saturable absorber in a mode‐locked fiber laser for the generation of ultrashort soliton pulses (756 fs) at the telecommunication band is demonstrated. The modulation depth can be tuned in a wide range from 66.5% to 6.2% by varying the graphene thickness. These results suggest that ultrathin graphene films are potentially useful as optical elements in fiber lasers. Graphene as a laser mode locker can have many merits such as lower saturation intensity, ultrafast recovery time, tunable modulation depth, and wideband tunability.
Standing Facilities and Interbank Borrowing: Evidence from the Federal Reserve's New Discount Window

Standing facilities are designed to place an upper bound on the rates at which financial institutions lend to one another overnight, reducing the volatility of the overnight interest rate, typically the rate targeted by central banks. However, improper design of the facility might decrease a bank's incentive to participate actively in the interbank market. Thus, the mere availability of central-bank-provided credit may lead to its use being greater than what would be expected based on the characteristics of the interbank market. By contrast, however, banks may perceive a stigma from using such facilities, and thus borrow less than what one might expect, thereby reducing the facilities' effectiveness at reducing interest rate volatility. We develop a model demonstrating these two alternative implications of a standing facility. Empirical predictions of the model are then tested using data from the Federal Reserve's new primary credit facility and the US federal funds market. A comparison of data from before and after recent changes to the discount window suggests continued reluctance to borrow from the Federal Reserve. Copyright 2003 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Enhanced Steam Condensation on Meso-and Micro-scale Profiled Surfaces

Depending on their specific surface energy transition metals like copper, nickel and their alloys are appropriate to induce dropwise condensation, in particular of water steam on sub-cooled micro-scale profiled surfaces. Special tube probes made of alloyed steel No. 1.4301 with meso-scale profiled surface, micro-scale profiled probes and combined mesoand micro-scale profiled probes made of copper No. 2.0090 were designed, prepared and studied. The principal result is that drop condensation was induced successfully and a significant increase in heat flux density by at least 80% was obtained. This is correlated with augmented heat transmittance, condensate formation and the mass flow of the cooling fluid quantified by the Reynolds number. It could be transferred effectively to a newly constructed prototypic water steam condenser, evaluated by experiment and by modelling using methods of numerical calculation (CFD). Inherently, the micro-scale profiled surfaces cause an increase in the surface tension of the fluid as indicated by contact angle measurements. Further investigation is necessary regarding special meso-, microand nano-scale profiled surfaces potentially with additional substantial coatings or artificially prepared compound substrates and textured composites to adjust the specific surface properties, thereby achieving the ability to induce enhanced condensation of a wide range of polar, non-polar and olefin substances in energy and process technology.
An experimental investigation of the oscillatory boundary layer around the breaking point

The article describes experimental investigation of the turbulent oscillatory boundary layer in the vicinity of the wave breaking point. Measurements were carried out on the inclined bottom in 29 cross-sections, of which 3 are investigated in the current paper. These cross-sections are chosen so that they include the breaking point. The semi-logarithmic plots of dimensionless velocity profiles were plotted on the basis of laser Doppler anemometer measurements. The velocity distributions in breaking waves are essentially different from those observed in steady flows or in oscillatory flows in rectangular U-tubes.
EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL PRE-TREATMENT APPLICATIONS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPE JUICE

Foca Karas› (Izmir-Turkey) variety red grapes are used as raw material and grape mash subjected to ohmic heating, microwave heating and conventional thermal treatment before pressing and pressed. Then grape juice samples were pasteurized at 90 °C for 1.5 minutes. After production of red grape juices; effects of ohmic heating and microwave heating treatment on the yield of grape juice were calculated. In addition anthocyanin contents, total phenolics, color (L, a, b, ! E, ! C) values, viscosity, pH, obrix and total acidity were analyzed before and after pasteurization. The results showed that highest yield were determined for microwave and ohmic heating applied samples; the increasing of yield was found 10% for ohmic heated samples and 15% for microwave heated samples. Microwave and ohmic heating applications before pressing step also increased anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds of grape juice comparing the control samples ( P² 0.05).
A 4D composite Higgs model: testing its scalar sector at the LHC

We explain the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data pointing to the discovery of a neutral Higgs boson in the context of a 4-Dimensional Composite Higgs Model (4DCHM). The full particle spectrum of this scenario is derived without any approximation and implemented in automated computational tools to enable fast phenomenological investigation. Several parameter configurations compliant with experimental constraints are presented and discussed. A χ2 fit to the LHC data quantifying the consistency of the 4DCHM as a whole with experimental evidence is finally performed.
A GEOMETRICALLY EXACT PLANAR COSSERAT SHELL-MODEL WITH MICROSTRUCTURE: EXISTENCE OF MINIMIZERS FOR ZERO COSSERAT COUPLE MODULUS

The existence of minimizers to a geometrically exact Cosserat planar shell model with microstructure is proven. The membrane energy is a quadratic, uniformly Legendre–Hadamard elliptic energy in contrast to traditional membrane energies. The bending contribution is augmented by a curvature term representing the interaction of the rotational microstructure in the Cosserat theory. The model includes non-classical size effects, transverse shear resistance, drilling degrees of freedom and accounts implicitly for thickness extension and asymmetric shift of the midsurface. Upon linearization with zero Cosserat couple modulus μc = 0, one recovers the infinitesimal-displacement Reissner–Mindlin model. It is shown that the Cosserat shell formulation admits minimizers even for μc = 0, in which case the drill-energy is absent. The midsurface deformation m is found in H1(ω, ℝ3). Since the existence of energy minimizers rather than equilibrium solutions is established, the proposed analysis includes the large deformation/large rotation buckling behaviour of thin shells.
Effects of nutrient enrichment on recruitment of age-0 fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): potential impacts of environmental change on the Boreal Plains

Eutrophication in lakes on the Canadian Boreal Plains is predicted to increase because of climate and land-use changes. The resulting increase in lake productivity might then increase recruitment of young fish via increased food availability, growth, and survival. To assess this hypothesis, we manipulated nutrient concentrations in experimental ponds and examined mechanisms influencing production and survival of age-0 fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Nutrient enrichment increased phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) sevenfold in treatment compared to reference systems. In response, fish laid more eggs and survival of age-0 fish was enhanced, both of which contributed to a more than fivefold increase in total number of age-0 fish that survived to the end of the growing season in treatment versus reference systems. A complementary enclosure experiment suggested that enhanced growth and decreased susceptibility to starvation contributes to the greater survival of age-0 fish when food resources are inc.
Evaluation of Bed Load in a Gravel-Bed River

Bed load transport is needed for river training works, reservoir management, watershed management, and ecosystem maintenance. A number of equations have been developed for determining bed load transport, primarily for alluvial rivers. This study applies the boundary-layer characteristics to evaluate bed shear stress and the rate of bed load. Also, seven bed load equations are evaluated by using field measurements from twelve cross-sections in three reaches of Babolroud River in northern Iran. It is found that only the equations of Duboys (1879), Hasanzadeh (1995) and Recking (2013) predict bed load reasonably when compared with observed bed load values. The bed load is about 2.70% of the suspended sediment load which is less than what is generally reported in the literature. The sediment rating curve developed using sediment discharge and water discharge relationship for all available data from four hydrometric stations produce satisfactory results.