Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving TCP End to End Performance in Wireless LANs with Snoop Protocol

Many attempts have been made to improve TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) behavior in wireless environment. Networks with wireless links and mobile hosts violate many of the assumptions made by TCP, and consequence is low throughput and degraded performance. Snoop is simple protocol for improving TCP performance by modifying network-layer software only at access point without touching transport layer [1]. Only modification is taken at access point by putting something called snoop module. This paper includes a simulationbased performance analysis one of the versions of TCP protocol. The main idea is to develop our own TCP Snoop protocol and suggest some improvements for calculation of local timer at access point. For avoiding unnecessary retransmissions and for improving TCP end-to-end performance on wireless link we have introduced a simple network layer addition called Improved Snoop protocol (ISp). In our version main goal is to find best estimation of time for local timer at access point. The idea is to send locally a few probe segments in wireless channel to the wireless client. In that way we calculate round trip time on wireless channel. Our method shows good results to determine TCP local timer value of snoop module and it is used in our simulation scenario. In original Snoop protocol the timer is set to fixed value. Simulations show some improvments when the TCPSnoop module is implemented. This mean that there are less segment losses and the system is more robust.
Inductive inference and software testing

The term ‘inductive inference’ denotes the process of hypothesizing a general rule from examples. It can be considered as the inverse process of program testing, which is a process of sampling the behaviour of a program and gathering confidence in the quality of the software from the samples. As one of the fundamental and ubiquitous components of intelligent behaviour, much effort has been spent on both the theory and practice of inductive inference as a branch of artificial intelligence. In this paper, software testing and inductive inference are reviewed to illustrate how the rich and solid theory of inductive inference can be used to study the foundations of software testing.
Trickle-Down Abusive Supervision 1 Running Head : TRICKLE-DOWN MODEL OF ABUSIVE SUPERVISION A Trickle-Down Model of Abusive Supervision

Much of the abusive supervision research has focused on the supervisor-subordinate dyad when examining the effects of abusive supervision on employee outcomes. Using data from a large multi-source field study, we extend this research by testing a trickle-down model of abusive supervision across three hierarchical levels (i.e., managers, supervisors, and employees). Drawing on social learning theory and social information processing theory, we find general support for the study hypotheses. Specifically, we find that abusive manager behavior is positively related to abusive supervisor behavior which, in turn, is positively related to work group interpersonal deviance. In addition, hostile climate moderates the relationship between abusive supervisor behavior and work group interpersonal deviance such that the relationship is stronger when hostile climate is high. The results provide support for our trickle-down model in that abusive manager behavior was not only related to abusive supervisor behavior, but was also associated with employees’ behavior two hierarchical levels below the manager.
Isolated mechanical lesions of the sural nerve

One case of compression on neuropathy and one case of iatrogenic stretch injury to the sural nerve were demonstrated with electrophysiologic (EP) testing. Isolated mechanical injuries to the sural nerve may occur more frequently than is generally realized, and EP studies can greatly aid in the diagnosis of these injuries, thus avoiding the necessity for neuroradiologic investigations.
Design a small ultra-wideband bandpass filter on Al2O3 ceramic

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) using a modified multiple-mode resonator (MMR) is proposed, designed and fabricated on Al2O3 ceramic substrate. The length of MMR is 2mm and the width of MMR is changed from 1.35mm to 2.66mm to find the optimal value. Interdigital structure coupling lines are used to couple the input/output microstrip lines. Measured results achieve the insertion loss 0.35dB and the ripple variation 1.17dB in the realized 3.10 to 11.50 GHz ultra-wide passband. We will show that the UWB BPF has a very small size of 10.2mm by 2mm on a rectangle ground size smaller than 14mm by 4mm.
Fluoroquinolone resistance protein NorA of Staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug efflux transporter

The gene of the Staphylococcus aureus fluoroquinolone efflux transporter protein NorA confers resistance to a number of structurally dissimilar drugs, not just to fluoroquinolones, when it is expressed in Bacillus subtilis. NorA provides B. subtilis with resistance to the same drugs and to a similar extent as the B. subtilis multidrug transporter protein Bmr does. NorA and Bmr share 44% sequence similarity. Both the NorA- and Bmr-conferred resistances can be completely reversed by reserpine.
Chronic ethanol consumption by C57BL/6 mice promotes tolerance to its interoceptive cues and increases extracellular dopamine, an effect blocked by naltrexone.

BACKGROUND C57BL/6 (B6) mice voluntarily consume ethanol. Although preingestive factors might be accountable, the fact that B6 mice voluntarily consume sufficient ethanol to set the conditions for an ethanol-deprivation effect suggest that post-ingestive pharmacological induced changes also occur. In this study, we determined the amounts of ethanol voluntarily consumed by B6 mice and associated blood ethanol levels (BEL), the effects of this consumption on extracellular dopamine (DA) and how this was altered by naltrexone, as well as on its interoceptive discriminative cues. METHODS In experiment 1, the amounts of 12% ethanol consumed at 2, 4, and 6 hr into the active phase of the circadian cycle and associated BEL were determined. In experiment 2, dialysate samples were collected for 1 hr to establish basal DA levels. Mice were then injected with saline or naltrexone (6 mg/kg) and given access to water and 12% ethanol or to water only, and samples were collected at 20-min intervals for the next 2 hr. In experiment 3, mice were trained to discriminate ethanol's interoceptive cues via operant techniques, and half were given 3 weeks access to ethanol and water, the other half water only. Ethanol-consuming and water control mice were again tested for their ability to discriminate the drug's interoceptive cues. RESULTS Mice ingested nearly 6 g/kg of ethanol and attained BEL near 100 mg/100 mL by 6 hr into the active phase. Ethanol intake at 2-hr into the dark phase was approximately 2.5 g/kg, and increased DA to approximately 100% above basal levels. Naltrexone reduced ethanol consumption and blocked the DA increase. Ethanol consumption for 3 weeks attenuated its discriminative cues. CONCLUSIONS B6 mice voluntarily consume sufficient ethanol (1) to produce intoxicating BEL; (2) to increase DA levels in nucleus accumbens, an effect blocked by naltrexone; and (3) to attenuate its discriminative cues.
Perilaku Organisasi dan Psikologi Personalia

Buku ini dimaksudkan sebagai salah satu buku teks bagi mahasiswa yang mempelajari bidang organisasi dan manajemen, atau mereka yang berminat untuk mengembangkan bakatnya sebagai seorang organisator. Selain itu, buku ini dapat pula dijadikan buku pegangan bagi para pengajar di perguruan tinggi, khususnya yang mengajar mata kuliah manajemen dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sehari-hari. Dalam buku ini diuraikan secara luas berbagai aspek organisasi. Hal-hal yang diuraikan antara lain : Sifat organisasi - Disain organisasi yang efektif - Proses-proses komunikasi - Motivasi bekerja para pekerja - Sikap pekerja dan kepuasan kerja - Proses-proses kelompok dalam organisasi - Kepemimpinan dalam organisasi, dan diakhiri dengan Manajemen konflik dalam organisasi.
Memory CD4 T cells: generation, reactivation and re‐assignment

Immunological memory is one of the features that define the adaptive immune response: by generating specific memory cells after infection or vaccination, the host provides itself with a set of cells and molecules that can prevent future infections and disease. Despite the obvious importance of memory cells, memory CD4 T cells are incompletely understood. Here we discuss recent progress in understanding which activated T cells surmount the barrier to enter into the memory pool and, once generated, what signals are important for memory cell survival. There is still, however, little understanding of how (or even whether) memory CD4 T cells are useful once they have been created; a surprising thought considering the critical role CD4 T cells play in all adaptive primary immune responses. In light of this, we will discuss how CD4 T memory T cells respond to reactivation in vivo and whether they are malleable to a re‐assignment of their effector response.
Caregiver food behaviours are associated with dietary intakes of children outside the child-care setting

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether food behaviours of parents are associated with children's dietary intakes outside the child-care setting, and to compare children's dietary intakes at home with foods and beverages consumed when they are at child-care centres. Design In 2005–2006, a survey was completed by parents of at least one child between 3 and 5 years old who attended group child-care centres. Surveys about nutrition practices were completed by centre directors. Research assistants observed foods and beverages consumed by children at lunchtime at the centres. Setting Sixteen licensed group child-care centres in three underserved New York City communities (South Bronx, East/Central Harlem, Central Brooklyn) and the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Subjects Two hundred parents. Results Children were more likely to consume healthful foods including fruits or vegetables if parents reported purchasing food from produce stands/farmers’ markets, shopped for frozen or canned fruits frequently and ate family meals or meals prepared at home daily. Children were more likely to consume less healthful foods such as French fries, or fruit drinks, more frequently if parents reported eating meals from fast-food or other restaurants at least once weekly, or if children ate while watching television. Types of foods and beverages offered to children at home (e.g. higher-fat milk, soft drinks and desserts) were less healthful than those offered at child-care centres. Conclusions Children's dietary intakes at home need to be improved. Parents need to understand the importance of providing home environments that support healthful food behaviours in children.
News sites’ position in the mediascape: uses, evaluations and media displacement effects over time

By means of a two-wave representative panel survey of adults in the Netherlands, this study examines changes in the profile of the online-news audience, how it uses and evaluates online news and how this eventually affects the use of traditional media. The analyses reveal interesting differences in the use of newspaper websites and other, non-paper, news sites. Displacement effects become visible: online newspapers gradually substitute for printed newspapers, other news sites for teletext and non-paper news sites for newspaper sites.
Fronto-temporal function may distinguish bipolar disorder from schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVES There is evidence for differential neural alterations within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in bipolar disorder I (BDI) and schizophrenia that may translate into different cognitive deficits. Our objective was to compare the cognitive profile of stable BDI and schizophrenic patients using neuropsychological tasks which utilize frontal systems but differ in terms of the exact neural circuits and cognitive processes involved. METHODS We studied 43 patients with BDI, 54 with schizophrenia and 46 matched healthy participants. All participants completed (i) the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) which is known to recruit the dorsal and ventral PFC, (ii) the verbal fluency task (VFT), which engages frontal-temporal regions, and (iii) the Stroop Colour Word Test (SWCT) which depends on the integrity of the cingulo-frontal network. A series of multivariate analyses examined differences between the cognitive profiles of BD and schizophrenic patients relative to that of healthy participants controlling for general intellectual ability and gender. RESULTS Bipolar disorder I patients showed minimal verbal fluency impairment while schizophrenic patients demonstrated marked deficits on this task relative to the control and BDI groups. The two patient groups had comparable performance on the WCST. In the SWCT, schizophrenic patients showed impairment in both congruent and incongruent conditions while BD patients had deficits only in the latter. CONCLUSIONS Absence of significant verbal fluency abnormalities and by inference dysfunction in the associated fronto-temporal circuitry may distinguish BDI from schizophrenia. Both disorders may show impairment in tasks involving cingulo-frontal networks with evidence of greater cingulate dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Loneliness as a partial mediator of the relation between low social preference in childhood and anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence

Abstract This study examined the mediating role of loneliness (assessed by self-report at Time 2; Grade 6) in the relation between early social preference (assessed by peer report at Time 1; kindergarten through Grade 3) and adolescent anxious/depressed symptoms (assessed by mother, teacher, and self-reports at Time 3; Grades 7–9). Five hundred eighty-five boys and girls (48% female; 16% African American) from three geographic sites of the Child Development Project were followed from kindergarten through Grade 9. Loneliness partially mediated and uniquely incremented the significant effect of low social preference in childhood on anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence, controlling for early anxious/depressed symptoms at Time 1. Findings are critical to understanding the psychological functioning through which early social experiences affect youths' maladjusted development. Directions for basic and intervention research are discussed, and implications for treatment are addressed.
An Experimental Model for Myocarditis and Congestive Heart Failure after Rabbit Coronavirus Infection

Abstract In a model for virus-induced myocarditis and congestive heart failure, rabbit coronavirus infection was divided into acute (days 2–5) and subacute (days 6–12) phases on the basis of day of death and pathologic findings. During the acute phase, the principal histologic lesions were degeneration and necrosis of myocytes, myocytolysis, interstitial edema, and hemorrhage. The severity of these changes increased in the subacute phase. Pleural effusion and congestion of the lungs and liver were also present at this time. Myocarditis was detected by day 9 and peaked by day 12. Heart weights and heart weight-to-body weight ratios were increased, and dilation of the right ventricular cavity became prominent early in infection and persisted. In contrast, dilation of the left ventricle occurred late in the subacute stage. Virus was isolated from infected hearts between days 2 and 12. These data suggest that rabbit coronavirus infection progresses to myocarditis and congestive heart failure.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Effects of Wortmannin on Radiation Survival and Mutation1

Abstract Chernikova, S. B. , Lindquist, K. L. and Elkind, M. M. Cell Cycle-Dependent Effects of Wortmannin on Radiation Survival and Mutation. Radiat. Res. 155, 824–829 (2001). Wortmannin, a known radiation sensitizer, has been used in experiments with synchronized cells to compare its effect on radiation survival and mutation induction within the cell cycle. PL61 cells (CHO cells with an inactivated HPRT gene containing a single active copy of a bacterial gpt gene) were synchronized by mitotic selection. Wortmannin administered before γ irradiation caused a greater sensitization in G1-phase cells relative to late S/G2-phase cells. Preferential radiosensitization of G1-phase cells by wortmannin sets a limit to the proposed use of wortmannin in radiation therapy, since, in contrast to normal tissues, tumors usually have high proportions of S-phase cells. Wortmannin increased mutation frequencies in both G1- and S/G2-phase cells. Interestingly, relative increases in radiation-induced mutations in G1 and S/G2 phases were comparable. The results are discussed in terms of the contributions of different repair modes in the production of mutations.
Time Off Work Due to Scaphoid Fractures and Other Carpal Injuries in the Netherlands in the Period 1990 to 1993

This study assessed the epidemiology, treatment, disability and time off work due to carpal injuries in the Netherlands in the period from 1990 to 1993. Most injuries were scaphoid fractures and carpal instabilities were rare. The time off work was considerable (mean, 155 days; median, 105 days; range, 12–1708 days). Patients with non-scaphoid fractures had the shortest time off work, followed by those with scaphoid fractures; patients with carpal instabilities had the longest time off work. Despite the significant time off work, the prognosis for return to work was excellent.
Impaired receptor-mediated catabolism of low density lipoprotein in the WHHL rabbit, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia.

The homozygous WHHL (Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic) rabbit displays either no or only minimal low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity on cultured fibroblasts and liver membranes and has therefore been proposed as an animal model for human familial hypercholesterolemia. To assess the impact of this mutation on LDL metabolism in vivo, we performed lipoprotein turnover studies in normal and WHHL rabbits using both native rabbit LDL and chemically modified LDL (i.e., methyl-LDL) that does not bind to LDL receptors. The total fractional catabolic rate (FCR) for LDL in the normal rabbit was 3.5-fold greater than in the WHHL rabbit. Sixty-seven percent of the total FCR for LDL in the normal rabbit was due to LDL receptor-mediated clearance and 33% was attributable to receptor-independent processes; in the WHHL rabbit, essentially all of the LDL was catabolized via receptor-independent processes. Despite a 17.5-fold elevated plasma pool size of LDL apoprotein (apo-LDL) in WHHL as compared to normal rabbits, the receptor-independent FCR-as judged by the turnover of methyl-LDL-was similar in the two strains. Thus, the receptor-independent catabolic processes are not influenced by the mutation affecting the LDL receptor. The WHHL rabbits also exhibited a 5.6-fold increase in the absolute rate of apo-LDL synthesis and catabolism. In absolute terms, the WHHL rabbit cleared 19-fold more apo-LDL via receptor-independent processes than did the normal rabbit and cleared virtually none by the receptor-dependent pathway. These results indicate that the homozygous WHHL rabbit shares a number of metabolic features in common with human familial hypercholesterolemia and should serve as a useful model for the study of altered lipoprotein metabolism associated with receptor abnormalities. We also noted that the in vivo metabolic behavior of human and rabbit LDL in the normal rabbit differed such that the mean total FCR for human LDL was only 64% of the mean total FCR for rabbit LDL, whereas human and rabbit methyl-LDL were cleared at identical rates. Thus, if human LDL and methyl-LDL had been used in these studies, the magnitude of both the total and receptor-dependent FCR would have been underestimated.
An Unobtrusive Wearable Device for Ambulatory Monitoring of Pulse Transit Time to Estimate Central Blood Pressure

There is a clinical need for improved ambulatory, frequent and unobtrusive monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac parameters like systolic time intervals. Truly unobtrusive wearable devices combining impedance cardiography with other sensors may be one possible solution. The IsenseU-BP+ device presented in this article measures single channel ECG, impedance cardiography and photo plethysmography at the chest. The device also measures activity and posture, as well as skin temperature. In this study, we report on the possibility to use these signals to measure pulse transit time for estimating blood pressure changes. Six subjects has been tested. Four of them showed good correlation between PTT and mean arterial pressure while two of the subjects had too low signal to noise ratio in the photoplethysmography signal for good estimation of PTT. Thus these results show that the quality of the raw data is promising for calculating a pulse transit time that shows good coherence with mean arterial pressure.
Review of Orthostatic Tests on the Safety of Tamsulosin, a Selective α1A-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist, Shows Lack of Orthostatic Hypotensive Effects

Two phase III studies with tamsulosin, a selective α1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the standard treatment doses of 0.4 mg/day and 0.8 mg/day in patients with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These large-scale clinical trials were the first to include extensive testing for possible drug-induced orthostatic hypotension (OH). The frequency of positive orthostatic tests and magnitude of vital sign changes were compared among tamsulosin and placebo-treated groups. The results indicate that tamsulosin up to 0.8 mg/day does not induce higher risk of OH than that of placebo. Data from post-marketing surveillance (PMS) studies of tamsulosin indicate that the incidence of hypotension and syncope is extremely low in community-dwelling elderly men treated for BPH. From the results of the phase III studies, PMS studies and an active-controlled clinical pharmacology study, we conclude that the orthostatic test is a useful and convenient method to evaluate the risk of OH and syncope during the investigational stage
Salmonella Typhimurium CARRIAGE at slaughter AFTER an enterocolitis outbreak in a swine herd

1: Departamento de Patologia Animal, FCAV-UNESP, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, km 5 18.884-900 Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Phone: 5516 3209 263, E-mail: celso_bruno@hotmail.com. 2: Departamento de Cl›nica e Cirurgia VeterinÉria, Faculdade de Ciências AgrÉrias e VeterinÉrias de Jaboticabal-UNESP, Brazil. 3: Instituto Adolfo Lutz, setor de Bacteriologia. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 9 andar, Bairro Cerqueira César, POBox 7027, 01246-902, S~ ·o Paulo-SP, Brazil.