Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Counteracting Loneliness

Four studies tested whether nostalgia can counteract reductions in perceived social support caused by loneliness. Loneliness reduced perceptions of social support but increased nostalgia. Nostalgia, in turn, increased perceptions of social support. Thus, loneliness affected perceived social support in two distinct ways. Whereas the direct effect of loneliness was to reduce perceived social support, the indirect effect of loneliness was to increase perceived social support via nostalgia. This restorative function of nostalgia was particularly apparent among resilient persons. Nostalgia is a psychological resource that protects and fosters mental health.
Effect of c‐erbB2 and estrogen receptor status on survival of women with primary breast cancer treated with adjuvant cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil

We have investigated the relationship between c‐erbB2 status, estrogen receptor (ER) status and outcome in 274 women with node‐positive breast cancer who, following excision and axillary clearance, were randomized to receive either 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil (CMF) (n = 129) or no such treatment (n = 145). Follow‐up data (median 13.3 years) were available on all patients. CMF improved relapse‐free and overall survival of all women. The greatest benefit was seen in women with ER‐negative tumors; the median overall survival of those given CMF was 11.6 years compared with only 2 years for the control group. For the women with ER‐positive tumors the median overall survival of the CMF‐treated women was 11.3 years compared with 7.7 years in the control group. When benefit from CMF was examined in relation to c‐erbB2 status, the women with c‐erbB2‐negative tumors who received CMF had a median overall survival of 12.7 years compared with only 7.3 years for the c‐erbB2‐negative women in the control group. The improvement in survival was less marked in the women with c‐erbB2‐positive tumors; median overall survival was 6.1 years for those who received CMF compared with 4.4 years for women in the control group. All women benefited from adjuvant CMF chemotherapy, those with ER‐negative tumors benefiting the most. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:354–359, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoking Patterns of University Woman Students in Miyagi, Japan: The Miyagaku Study

BACKGROUND: The increase in the smoking rate among young women is a worldwide problem. However, few reports have focused on female students, in particular, with detailed accounts of their smoking behavior. The aim of this study was to clarify the smoking patterns of Japanese women of approximately 20 years of age. METHODS: Smoking behavior, age at initiation, favorite brand and related attitudes were examined using a cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire administered to students at a women’s university in Miyagi, Japan in 2000. RESULTS: Of 2,984 subjects (response rate: 96%), 16% said that they smoke (95% confidence interval 15-18%): 7% of freshmen, 16% of sophomores, 22% of juniors and 20% of seniors. While music majors were most likely to smoke (21%), domestic science majors had the lowest rate of smoking (10%). Among the smokers, 27% started the habit at age 20 years, the legal age in Japan, and 25% started at age 18. The favorite brand was Marlboro (39%), followed by Mild Seven (16%), a domestic brand. One-third of the smokers had no plans to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Reaching the legal age and entering university may prompt young women to start smoking habitually. In contrast to its overall market share in Japan, a US brand is now favored by current young female smokers.
HIV-1 protease inhibitors in development

Several pharmaceutical companies have developed an increasing number of second generation protease inhibitors (PI) during the last few years. Many of these compounds have been in preclinical trials and some are now in clinical use. All drugs in this category have been designed to be well absorbed and overcome the crucial problem of cross-resistance within this class of compounds. Taking into account the rapid occurrence of PI cross-resistance, clinicians who are treating patients with the HIV-1 infection will need new active PIs in the near future. The clinical and antiviral efficacy of the new molecules versus the older PIs will be investigated through comparative trials that are likely to be completed over the next 12 months. These third-generation PIs currently in development will be the subject of our review.
Quantification of water diffusion and relaxation times of human U87 tumors in a mouse model

Assessing the potential of anti‐cancer agents can be greatly facilitated by applying MRI methods to investigations with animal models. Quantitative diffusion imaging, T1, and T2 measurements may offer valuable information for understanding properties of the tumor and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. The human U87 high‐grade glial tumor is widely used for cancer investigations in orthotopic murine models. The physiological features of this model at the cellular and sub‐cellular level have not, however, been well characterized by MRI. In this study, we measured the diffusion, T1 and T2 characteristics of water in the human U87 tumor at 8.5 T in an orthotopic murine model in vivo and analyzed their detailed changes in the transition from the tumor core through the tumor periphery, and out to surrounding tissue using custom developed radial profile analysis software. For the tumor bearing mice (n = 10), the mean average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the tumor core was 1.03 ± 0.02 ( × 10−3 mm2/s), while in the contralateral normal brain it was 0.73 ± 0.03 ( × 10−3 mm2/s). The mean T1 in tumor was 2.03 ± 0.08 s and in normal brain tissue was 1.64 ± 0.06 s. The mean T2 in tumor was 0.062 ± 0.002 s and in normal brain tissue was 0.048 ± 0.001 s. The mean ADC, T1 and T2 of the tumor compared to normal tissue were significantly different (p < 0.005). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma adiponectin concentrations and placental adiponectin expression in pre-eclamptic women

This study was conducted to compare maternal plasma adiponectin concentrations and adiponectin expression in term placentas between normotensive pregnant women and pre-eclamptic women. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were assessed by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 81 normotensive pregnant women, 27 pre-eclamptic women and 15 non-pregnant healthy women. The expression of adiponectin in the placentas was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Plasma adiponectin concentrations in normotensive pregnant women did not show a significant change during pregnancy and postpartum compared with non-pregnant women. However, plasma adiponectin concentrations in pre-eclamptic women were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in non-pregnant and normotensive pregnant women. No immunoreactive adiponectin was detected in the term placentas of normotensive pregnant women, whereas a positive immunostaining for adiponectin was observed in endothelial cells of chorionic vessels in pre-eclamptic women. Our data suggest that decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations may contribute to the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and that adiponectin localized in chorionic vessels may play a role in the restoring of endothelial damage in the feto-maternal units of pre-eclampsia.
Antimicrobial Activity in vitro of Aqueous Extracts of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)

The wide use of different antibiotic agents for therapy and prophylaxis of bacterial diseases in animals led to selection of resistant microorganisms. Because of this problem Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products of the European Union stopped the use of some antibiotics and banned their use as growth promoters from 01.01. 2006 by Regulation 1831/2003 (Federation, 2003). This decision was justified by the emergence of multy resistant bacterial strains and danger antibiotics become ineffective in therapeutic use in animals and humans. Therefore increasingly emerging trend of looking for new means for use in veterinary medicine, to which it is difficult to build resistance, including biologically active substances of plant origin (Yordanov et al., 2002). Plant extracts are becoming increasingly popular as feed additives for animals replacing antibiotics. They act as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cancer means, antifungals, analgesics, insecticides, such as anticoccidial agents and as growth promoters (Levic et al., 2011). There are also a number of studies on antibacterial effect of herbal spices and their essential oils against different types of microorganisms, including food pathogens. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 1-12 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Environmental and Dietary Factors and Lung Cancer Risk Among Chinese Women: A Case-Control Study in Southeast China

After decades of increase, lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death among women. The mortality rate from lung cancer is ascending at a relatively steady rate, which has greatly affected the health of the female population and become a serious issue. A case-control study of 226 female lung cancer cases and 269 controls was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in Fujian Province. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographic characteristics as well as dietary and environmental factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using univariate logistic regression. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the potential interactions of variables or confounders. The consumption of fruit, eggs, and tea was inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer. As expected, cooking oil fumes and environmental tobacco exposure were positively associated with elevated risk. In addition, frequent physical activity and late age at menarche were identified as protective factors of female lung cancer. The results demonstrate that some environmental and dietary factors are related to the risk of lung cancer among the female population in southeast China.
Phosphorus metabolites and the distribution of cell cycle phase of RIF‐1 tumors in response to 14 Gy irradiation

Simultaneous measurements of DNA cell phase cycle distributions and in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy were performed on 40 RIF‐1 murine tumors irradiated with 14 Gy of X‐radiation. Diploid and tetraploid tumor populations were observed. The cells blocked in G2/M phase were measured as a function of the ratios of tetraploid cell number in G2/ M phase versus total cell population measured. The G2/M population reached a maximum at 32 h post irradiation, dropping to control values by 72 h, while the ratio of inorganic phosphate to β‐nucleotide triphosphate dropped significantly at 32 h and remained significantly lower than control up to 72 h post irradiation. Measurements of PME, PDE, PCr, and pH showed no significant variations at any time point. No significant change in host cell population could be observed. Since the measured G2/M population never increased to more than 3% of the total cell population, the change observed in the 31P NMR spectra were not simply the result of possible differences in NMR profiles of the different cell phase populations but were more likely due to a change in the metabolic characteristics or environment of a majority of the Cells. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Adhesion molecules in lesions of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Abstract Accessory signals, which include adhesion molecules, MHC‐II molecules and cytokines. are necessary to foster the interaction between memory T cells and epidermal cells, that is required to promote cutaneous inflammatory responses. American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is characterized by a spectrum of immunological manifestations, and is a prototype disease for the study of regulatory mechanisms involved in immune protection against protozoal infection. In the present study, we show that diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) epidermis contains keratinocytes that do not express ICAM‐I and HLA‐DR molecules. Langerhans cells (LC) are within normal values or somewhat lower, and a very few cells expressing the HB15 molecule a new described member of the Ig superfamily are found in such lesions. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) epithelium shows an increased expression of ICAM‐1 and HLA‐DR molecules, few HBI5+ cells, and an absence of epithelial LC. Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) epidermis displays ICAM‐+ keratinocytes organized in patches, a uniform expression of HLA‐DR, hyper‐plasia of LC, and numerous HBI5+ cells. In all forms of the disease, infiltrating T cells express more LFA‐1β than LFA‐1α, but LFA‐1β+ cells are more abundant in LCL granulomas. In contrast, there are more LFA‐lα+ cells in DCL and MCL than in LCL granulomas. LCL lesions also show the highest numbers of HB15+ cells within the granu‐loma. These results indicate the importance of adhesion molecules in ACL lesions, and open new possibilities for therapeutic schemes oriented towards the control of cell migration.
gp1207‐directed antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity as a major determinant of the rate of decline in CD4 percentage in HIV‐1 disease

Objective:To determine the relationship between the rate of CD4 percentage decline and two factors postulated to be associated with CD4 cell destruction: circulating HIV-1 viral load and gp120-directed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Design:Four women and 16 men had serial determinations of CD4 percentage, gp120-directed ADCC activity [using the cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) assay], natural killer (NK) cell number, spontaneous NK lytic function, and plasma HIV-1 RNA. Methods:The rate of decline in CD4 percentage was modeled as a function of gp120-directed ADCC activity and circulating HIV-1 RNA using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results:All individuals had at least four CMC assays performed and two HIV-1 RNA polymerase chain reaction measurements over a median follow-up of 27 months. Although the rate of CD4 percentage decline was associated with either CMC activity (r = −0.53, P = 0.02) or circulating HIV-1 RNA (r = −0.42, P = 0.07), it was strongly correlated with an interaction between CMC and HIV-1 RNA (r = −0.76, P < 0.0001). Mean CMC activity was associated with both mean percentage of circulating NK cells and mean spontaneous NK cell lysis. Conclusions:The ability of cells from HIV-infected individuals to mediate gp120-directed ADCC, together with a sufficient circulating viral load, define conditions under which rapid CD4 cell destruction may occur. This relationship between viral load and an HIV-1-specific immune response lends important insights into the central causes of immunodeficiency in AIDS and suggests additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Calcium channel heterogeneity among cone photoreceptors in the tree shrew retina

Retinal photoreceptors are depolarized in darkness and release neurotransmitter tonically. They respond to light by hyperpolarization and a concomitant reduction in transmitter release. The calcium‐dependent release of transmitter is coupled to graded changes in membrane potential by L‐type calcium channels in the photoreceptor terminals. This paper reports the immuno‐localization of an L‐type channel α1D subunit to most, but not all, synaptic terminals of cones in the tree shrew retina. Double labelling for the α1D subunit and the plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase, which has been shown to be present in all tree shrew cones, revealed a subpopulation of cone terminals that did not react with the α1D antibody. The nonimmunoreactive synaptic terminals represented ≈ 5.8% of the total and formed a highly regular array across the retina reminiscent of the blue cones. Double‐staining for the α1D subunit and blue cone opsin confirmed that these are the blue cones. The observed differences in calcium channel immunoreactivity between long and short wavelength cones points to previously unsuspected heterogeneity in the molecular machinery governing transmitter release from spectrally different cone types.
Behavioral Finance : Investors , Corporations , and Markets ,

David Hirshleifer joined the Merage School after serving as Kurtz Chair at Ohio State University, Waterman Professor at the University of Michigan, and as a tenured faculty member at UCLA. His recent research explores psychology and securities markets, managerial decision biases, social interactions and markets, and how firms exploit market inefficiency. Other research areas include corporate finance, fads and fashions in economic decisions, and the psychology of regulation. His research has been profiled in international news media, and has won several awards, including the Smith-Breeden Award for outstanding paper in the Journal of Finance. Professor Hirshleifer has served as a consultant for securities and money management firms; as editor of the Review of Financial Studies; as associate editor of the Journal of Finance; in editorial positions at several other finance, economics, and strategy journals; and as director of the American Finance Association and the Western Finance Association.
Religious Struggle: Prevalence, Correlates and Mental Health Risks in Diabetic, Congestive Heart Failure, and Oncology Patients

Objectives: For some people, diagnosis with a serious illness or other adverse life events can precipitate a period of religious struggle. While evidence of the harmful effects of religious struggle is accumulating, less is known about its prevalence or correlates. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of religious struggle in three groups of medical patients. Methods: Study participants included diabetic outpatients (N = 71), congestive heart failure outpatients (N = 70), and oncology inpatients (N = 97). Participants completed questionnaires which included several measures of religion, including religious struggle, emotional distress or well-being, and demographic characteristics. Results: Half of the total sample (52%) reported no religious struggle, while 15% reported moderate or high levels. In a multi-variate analysis, younger patients (p < 0.001) and CHF patients (p < 0.05) had higher levels of religious struggle. Those with higher levels of positive religious coping also reported higher levels of religious struggle (p < 0.01), while those who attended worship most frequently had lower levels of religious struggle (p < 0.05). Religious struggle was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and emotional distress in all three patient groups. Conclusions: While further research is needed to help clarify the sources, additional correlates, and course of religious struggle, the findings in this study confirm the association between religious struggle and emotional distress in these three groups of medical patients. Clinicians should be attentive to signs of religious struggle. Where patient's responses indicate possible religious struggle, clinicians should consider referral to a trained, professional chaplain or pastoral counselor.
Venous congestion of the neck; its relation to laryngeal mask cuff pressures.

either definition of DLT positioning, classic or new, malposition will occur in some cases. It has been reported that even with the new positioning method, 23% of patients developed DLT malposition, although this technique substantially reduced its incidence. We think that some patients are more susceptible to intraoperative factors inducing DLT malposition and more easily develop hypoxaemia during OLV. In our report, we discussed how we can stop DLTs becoming misplaced, but missed the opportunity to comment on the new approach to DLT positioning. We really appreciate the new positioning method. Regarding our definition of DLT malposition, we think that it is correct when using ‘classic approach’ for DLT placement. In fact, Klein and colleagues used the same classic approach but a more strict definition for DLT malpositioning, which was evaluated by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. As mentioned in our report, patients with DLT malposition met the bronchoscopic criteria for DLT malposition of Campos and colleagues, which is very similar to the clinical malposition that Fortier and colleagues define in their article and letter. In addition, we should note that most of our patients developed proximal malposition. Lastly, we accept that as just over 1.0 cm of movement can cause clinical malposition, we should use the new approach instead of the classic one in future.
Organizing for Information Retrieval in Transactive Memory Systems

Advancing transactive memory (TM) theory, this research explores information retrieval between members of 12 preexisting organizational work teams. The teams examined are larger than the ad hoc groups studied in previousTM research. The central components are team members' (a) communication for topic-specific information retrieval, (b) perceptions of their own knowledge levels, and (c) perceptions of each others' knowledge levels. Social network analysis techniques were used to examine the communication ties between members at multiple levels. The emergent communication patterns were compared to theoretically expected patterns. The perceptions of self and others' expertise were used to understand the emergent patterns. The results show emergent communication patterns in these work teams only partially match the theoretical predictions and are highly related to members' perceptions of others' expertise. Self-reported expertise levels were not good indicators of the communication patterns. The results also reveal emergent structures counterintuitive to TM theory.
Morbidity of ABO haemolytic disease in the newborn

Abstract Background: Better understanding of the clinical characteristics of ABO haemolytic disease in neonates helps optimise care. Objective: To assess the morbidity associated with maternal–neonatal ABO incompatibility. Methods: Neonates with blood groups A or B born to mothers with blood group O with simultaneous rhesus blood factor compatibility were studied prospectively. Maternal and neonatal details, direct Coomb’s test (DCT) on the cord blood, onset and progression of jaundice, and requirement and duration of phototherapy were studied. Neonates requiring phototherapy were considered to have significant hyperbilirubinaemia, and peripheral smear, reticulocyte count and haematocrit values were obtained. ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HDN) is defined as a newborn with a positive DCT and/or laboratory evidence of haemolysis such as reticulocytosis and spherocytes on blood smear. Results: Of 878 deliveries, 151 (17·3%) neonates were ABO incompatible with their mothers. The proportions who were O–A and O–B incompatible were 50·4% and 49·6%, respectively. Forty-six (30·4%) had significant hyperbilirubinaemia (119·7–256·5 mmol/L) and required phototherapy, 26 (34·2%) of them in the O–A group and 20 (26·6%) in the O–B group. None required exchange transfusion. Jaundice was detected within the first 24 hours in 47·8%. Of 46 newborns who required phototherapy, 25 (54·3%) had laboratory evidence of haemolysis. DCT was positive in 1·9% of ABO-incompatible newborns. There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of haemolysis between the O–A and O–B-incompatible neonates. Neonates with haemolysis required phototherapy significantly earlier and for longer than neonates without haemolysis (P<0·001). Conclusions: ABO incompatibility was observed in 17·3% of pregnancies with almost equal O–A and O–B frequency. About a third of infants had significant hyperbilirubinaemia. There was no difference in severity between those with O–A and O–B HDN.