Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL STUDY OF AXIAL BACK CONDUCTION IN MICROTUBES

A two dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to study the effect of axial wall conduction in a microtube in conjugate heat transfer situations. Both, constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature, at the outer surface of the tube are analyzed while flow of fluid through the microtube is laminar, simultaneously developing in nature. The cross-sectional solid faces are considered adiabatic. A microtube of length 120 mm and internal radius 0.2 mm is considered while the thickness of the tube wall is varied. Simulations have been performed for a wide range of tube wall to convective fluid conductivity ratio (ksf ≈ 0.33 702), tube thickness to inner radius ratio (δsf ≈ 1, 16), and flow Reynolds number (Re ≈ 100, 1000). The results show that ksf plays a dominant role in the conjugate heat transfer process. For constant heat flux applied on the outer surface of the microtube, there exists an optimum value of ksf at which the average Nusselt number ( Nu ) over the microtube length is maximum; it decreases with departure from this optimum ksf value. However, for constant wall temperature on the outer surface of the microtube, no such optimum ksf value is observed at which Nu is maximum. The value of Nu is found to be increasing with decreasing value of ksf. Secondly, thicker wall leads to higher Nu .
Hiring Uncertainty: A New Labour Market Indicator

This paper develops a forward-looking indicator for macroeconomic uncertainty that employers are confronted with when they take decisions about the size of their workforce. The model that provides the basis for this uncertainty indicator interprets hires and lay-off s of workers as an investment into projects with uncertain return. Employers decide when to undertake this investment. Uncertainty can then be derived as a function of a labour productivity threshold above which it is profitable for employers to hire workers. The measure that is first theoretically derived is then taken to the data. Economy-wide uncertainty for G7 economies and uncertainty by economic sector for the United States are calculated from data on hiring demand and unit labour costs. The resulting quarterly time series demonstrate that in most economies hiring uncertainty went up at the onset of the Great Recession and has remained at an elevated level since then.
Study of the Effect of Probiotic Saccharomyces Boulardii on the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common diagnosed gastroenteric disorder incriminated for 12% of cases of referring to gastroenterologists. Various studies have shown that the intestinal microflora of the patients affected with IBS undergoes some changes. So, it seems that the recovery of intestinal flora is a useful therapeutic approach. This study investigated the effect of probiotic Saccharomyces Boulardii on improving the symptoms of IBS. This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial conducted on 60 IBS patients. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 (case and control groups). The patients in the case group received Yomogi and those in the control group received placebo. Demographic information and symptoms as abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, gurgling, eructation (belching and burping), urgent defeca- tion, and release of gas from the anus (farting and fizzling) were collected before intervention and three weeks after initiation of treatment, and analyzed. 43.3% of the patients in the case group were male and 56.7% were female. Also, 40% of the pa- tients in the control group were male and 60% were female. A comparison of the mean scores of abdominal symptoms in the case group before and after intervention revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between before and after intervention values for pain severity (P=0.001), flatulence ((P=0.001), diarrhea (P=0.001), gurgling (P=0.001), eructa- tion (P=0.023), and gas release from the anus (P=0.001). Yet, there was no statistically significant difference before and af- ter intervention for symptoms of constipation (P=0.161), and urgent defecation (P=0.09). The consumption of Saccharomy- cesBoulardii reduces pain severity, flatulence, diarrhea, gurgling, eructation, and gas release from the anus in patients with IBS and improves life quality.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PALAEOGENETIC EVIDENCE AT THE ORIGINS OF THE NEOLITHIC IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

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Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity?

Oil palm is one of the world's most rapidly expanding equatorial crops. The two largest oil palm‐producing countries—Indonesia and Malaysia—are located in Southeast Asia, a region with numerous endemic, forest‐dwelling species. Oil palm producers have asserted that forests are not being cleared to grow oil palm. Our analysis of land‐cover data compiled by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization suggests that during the period 1990–2005, 55%–59% of oil palm expansion in Malaysia, and at least 56% of that in Indonesia occurred at the expense of forests. Using data on bird and butterfly diversity in Malaysia's forests and croplands, we argue that conversion of either primary or secondary (logged) forests to oil palm may result in significant biodiversity losses, whereas conversion of pre‐existing cropland (rubber) to oil palm results in fewer losses. To safeguard the biodiversity in oil palm‐producing countries, more fine‐scale and spatially explicit data on land‐use change need to be collected and analyzed to determine the extent and nature of any further conversion of forests to oil palm; secondary forests should be protected against conversion to oil palm; and any future expansion of oil palm agriculture should be restricted to pre‐existing cropland or degraded habitats.
Halal Certification: A Viewpoint From Malaysian Restaurant Managers

This study focuses on halal certification from the viewpoint of Malaysian restaurant managers. The increasing demand of halal food from the Muslim and non-Muslim consumers has given a good indicator to the hospitality industry to have the eating establishments halal certified. A sample of 643 restaurant managers has been selected throughout Malaysia using systematic sampling. Questionnaires were distributed using mail survey and data was then entered to SPSS version 21 for further analysis. It is gathered from the descriptive statistics that cleanliness during food preparation, meaning of halal and halal certification is important when dealing with food in a Malaysian restaurant setting. The results indicated that restaurant managers have high expectations toward halal certification. Furthermore, halal certification does generate some benefits beyond religion that contribute to Malaysia’s positioning as a tourism destination and global halal hub.
Effect of residue type on the performance of no-till seeder openers

Doan, V. , Chen, Y. and Irvine, B. 2005. Effect of residue type on the performance of no-till seeder openers. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le génie des biosystèmes au Canada 47: 2.29 2.35. A two-year field study was conducted to investigate the performance of seeding canola crop as influenced by types of residue (canola, wheat, and pea) and types of seed opener (disc and hoe). Seed placement (seeding depth and seed scattering index), speed of crop emergence, and plant populations were used to evaluate the seeding performance. Seeding placement as affected by field wheel tracks (inside and outside wheel tracks) was also examined. The results showed that the disc opener produced a greater seeding depth and faster emergence than the hoe opener. The two openers resulted in the same level of plant population. In the first year, plots with pea residue resulted in greater and more uniform seeding depth, faster emergence, and higher plant population than plots with wheat and canola residues. In the second year, a better uniformity of seeding depth was observed for pea residue than the other two types of residue, while there were no significant differences between residue types in the other measured variables due to the extremely dry soil condition in the spring of that year. Seeds were placed more uniformly outside the wheel track than inside the wheel track, while the mean seeding depths were similar inside and outside the wheel track.
Reproductive Biology of the Bobtail Squid Rossia macrosoma (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidea) from the Eastern Mediterranean

Rossia macrosoma was investigated based on material collected from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, to determine potential fecundity (PF), reproductive strategies and size at maturity. The female potential fecundity ranged between 126 and 931, while the value was 15 to 103 for male spermatophores. Egg sizes varied from 0.2 to 10.0 mm, and spermatophore lengths ranged from 12.3 to 18.8 mm. Animals became mature at smaller sizes than those from the western Mediterranean, thus, their maximum sizes were smaller either. According to egg diameter distributions in gonads, R. macrosoma has asynchronous ovary maturation, spawning more than once. Therefore, R. macrosoma is an intermittent spawner similar to other sepiolid species.
Preservation and Transformation of Certain Aspects of the Traditional Way of Life of the Indigenous and Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Living in the Settlements (Posyolki) of Turukhansk and Farkovo

In July, 2010 the field research was conducted on the territory of Turukhansk district of Krasnoyarsk Krai by the postgraduate and undergraduate students of Siberian Federal University within the framework of realization of the project “Krasnoyarsk Krai as multicultural space, native land of the indigenous and small-numbered peoples of the North” and “Culture of the indigenous and smallnumbered peoples of the North under conditions of global transformations”. The aim of the field research was to collect the material on the traditional culture of the indigenous small numbered peoples, living in settlements Turukhansk and Farkovo, in particular – the Selkups, the Kets and the Evenks. The tasks of the research included studying the peculiarities of modern conditions of housekeeping, material and spiritual culture, customs and ceremonies. The following methods were used: interrogations, observations, interviews, photographic fixation of material things, architecture, and photographs from family archives.
Correlation between Schmidt Hammer and destructive compressions testing for concretes in existing buildings

In this study, a relationship is determined and correlated between non-destructive testing (NDT) named as Schmidt rebound hammer test and concrete destructive compression test. The Schmidt rebound hammer is principally a surface hardness tester with an apparent theoretical relationship between the strength of concrete and the rebound number of the hammer. In order to calibrate the Schmidt Hammer with the various-aged concretes, cube specimens of 28 - 90 days and a number of core samples from different reinforced concrete structures have been tested. This calibration has been done to get the related constant obtained from Schmidt and compression tests. The best fit correction factors for the concrete compressive strength-Schmidt rebound hammer relationship are obtained through processing correlation among the data sets. The correction factors can be easily applied to insitu concrete strength as well as existing concrete structures. Key words: Concrete quality, compressive strength, non-destructive tests, Schmidt.
Settling Suspensions Flow Modelling: A Review

In spite of the widespread application of settling suspensions, their inherent complexity has yet to be properly predicted by a unified numerical model or empirical correlation, and usually industries still possess customized charts or data for their particular suspension. This is, clearly, rather inefficient and can lead to oversized dimensioning, low energy efficiency and even operation limitations/difficulties. In this manuscript a review of empirical correlations, charts and numerical models that have been employed to predict the behaviour of settling suspensions is briefly described, providing information on the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Their evolution throughout the years: from Durand and Condolios correlations, to empirical models by Wasp, single phase simplifications with mixture properties by Shook and Roco, and to other Euler-Euler or Euler-Lagrangian numerical models, will be presented. Some considerations on recent particle migration and turbulence modification publications will be added. In addition, information about some current CFD application of LatticeBoltzmann and Discrete Element Method (DEM) will be given. Lastly, data from CFD modelling employed by the authors that is able to predict turbulence attenuation in settling flows with medium sized particles for different concentrations is reported.
THE EFFECT OF THE POP-UP BOOK AKU DAN GIGIKU ON PULSE RATE IN CHILDREN AGED 4–6 YEARS

Objective: Anxiety is regarded as a major problem in children undergoing dental treatment. One of the physiological responses to anxiety is an increased pulse rate. Young children respond aggressively to anxiety and are in need of psychological intervention. Pop-up books can be used as an instrument to improve their interest and to help them understand the substance of dental health education. The objective of this study was to utilize pulse rate measurements to investigate the intervention of a pop-up book in reducing anxiety. A total of 78 children aged 4–6 years were divided into two groups: An intervention group with the pop-up book Aku dan Gigiku and a control group without intervention. The pulse rates of both groups were measured. This study comprised an experimental clinical research design. The independent t-test was used to measure comparisons of decreased pulse rate between the two groups. Result : The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference in decreased pulse rate with and without the intervention of the pop-up book Aku dan Gigiku . Pop-up books are often used as an educational medium for children because they present interesting illustrations and are easy to understand. Conclusion : As a medium of dental health education, pop-up books can contribute significantly to reducing anxiety in children.
The Effects of Relation Models on Knowledge Sharing: An Empirical Study of IS Project Team

This study suggested that the mechanism behind knowledge sharing (KS) is constructed based on the combination of the four fundamental relation models which coexist with different degree among members in the group. These four relation models of knowledge sharing are Communal Sharing (CS), Authority Ranking (AR), Equality Matching (EM), and Market Pricing (MP). Therefore this study based on four relation models to investigate how the social capital influences each relation model. Further this study also investigated the impact of each relation model on the effectiveness of knowledge sharing. 233 MIS project team members were surveyed and structural equation model analysis was conducted to test the research model. The results showed that (1) trust, identification, and norm have positive influence on the communal sharing (CS) model. (2) Obligation has positive influence on the Authority Ranking (AR) model. (3) Trust and identification have positive influence on the Equality Matching (EM) model. (4) Trust, identification, and obligation have positive influence on the Market Pricing (MP) model. We also found that trust and identification have positive influence on the effectiveness of knowledge sharing. Furthermore, CS, among the four relation models, was found to have the highest positive influence on the effectiveness of KS, followed by EM and MP sequentially, while no significant relation between AR and the effectiveness of KS was found in our observations.
Thermodynamically-consistent semi-classical ℓ-changing rates

We compare the results of the semi-classical (SC) and quantum-mechanical (QM) formalisms for angular-momentum changing transitions in Rydberg atom collisions given in a series of papers by Vrinceanu et al, most recently Vrinceanu et al (2012 Astrophys. J. 747 56), with those of the SC formalism using a modified Monte Carlo realization. We find that this revised SC formalism agrees well with the QM results. This provides further evidence that the rates derived from the QM treatment are appropriate to be used when modeling recombination through Rydberg cascades, an important process in understanding the state of material in the early universe. The rates for Δ ℓ = ± 1 derived from the QM formalism diverge when integrated to sufficiently large impact parameter, b. Further to the empirical limits to the b integration suggested by Pengelly and Seaton (1964 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 127 165), we suggest that the fundamental issue causing this divergence in the theory is that it does not fully cater for the finite time taken for such distant collisions to complete.
COMPARISON OF LEVELS OF NITRIC OXIDE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE OF GASTRIC JUICE IN INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Helicobacter Pylori infection leads to different clinical and pathological outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis and gastric neoplasia. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress associated with inflammation plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. To evaluate the oxidative stress in H. Pylori infection we studied the gastric juice levels of nitric oxide and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. A total of 43 patients suffering from H. Pylori infection were selected and 43 non-infected individuals were chosen as control group. Compared to control group, significant reduction in the mean levels of nitric oxide in the gastric juice of the patients was noticed (P = 0.0001). In the patients activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in gastric juice were markedly higher than those of control group (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). A reverse and meaningful relationship was observed between the levels of nitric oxide and the activities of superoxide dismutase in the gastric juice of patients (r = -0.35, P = 0.023). The results of this study confirm that H. Pylori has developed various mechanisms to escape the effect of immune system. H. Pylori have also developed strategies for defense against oxidative stress.
Improvement of Rheological Properties of Bentonitic Clays Using Sodium Carbonate and a Synthetic Viscosifier

The importation of Bentonite for oil and gas well drilling operation has continued to divert some large amount of foreign exchange that would have impacted on the socioeconomic wellbeing of Nigeria. Large reserves of Bentonitic clay occurrence are found in almost all the parts of the country. These reserves occur as thick deposit of clays with wide lateral extent and with some level of beneficiation these clay deposits can attain the qualities of those used in oil and gas well drilling. In this work, samples of Bentonitic clays in three different sites/locations from Fika formation in north-eastern Nigeria were collected for the purpose of evaluating their chemical, rheological and other physical properties which are critical for their use as drilling mud. The samples collected were found to be Ca-based which require some beneficiation while other properties such as Al2O3/Si2O ratio, sand content, moisture content and fineness of the clay met the required standard even before beneficiation. After beneficiating the samples by ion exchange using Na2CO3 as the beneficiating agent, the rheological properties of the samples improved considerably and when a poly-ionic polymer, Trade Name Drispac, was added in the range of 0.2g to 1g, the rheological properties improved dramatically to a level that is typical of the standardBentonite. This study found that Bentonitic clays from north-eastern Nigeria can attain the rheological and other physical properties of a standard commercial grade Bentonite used in oil and gas well drilling with some beneficiation using Na2CO3as the beneficiating agent.
Survey Analysis of Occupational Impact on Perception of Air Pollution and Its Health Effect

Rapid economic development has brought many pollution problems such as air pollution in China, which also obstructed economic and social development. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents with different occupations in Nanchang and Wuyuan, China, from July to August 2015. Anonymous questionnaires were used to understand participant’s perception on current air pollution. Descriptive analysis was performed for the general demographic information of the participants and a chi-squared test was conducted to estimate the perception of participants towards air pollution. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted for the association between socio-demographic and willingness to pay for the air pollution. The result of the chi-squared tests showed that the perception of different occupation groups toward local air quality was statically significantly different (χ2=731.166, p<0.05). This surveyed showed that over 90% of the participants from all the occupational groups considered improving air quality is essentially important and should be the responsibility of both the government and individual citizen. All the participants support the local government to place more funding on air quality improvement, but more than 50% of respondents are not willing to pay additional money for air pollution control (OR=11.025). This information will be useful to the local government in its process of funding preparation and the development of more effective and practical regulation to control air pollution in future.