Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants: Scientific Literature Landscape Analysis

Antioxidants are abundant in natural dietary sources, and the consumption of antioxidants has a lot of potential health benefits. However, there has been no literature analysis on this topic to evaluate its scientific impact in terms of citations. This study is aimed at identifying and analysing the antioxidant publications in the existing scientific literature. In this context, a literature search was performed with the Web of Science database. Full records and cited references of the 299,602 identified manuscripts were imported into VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis. Most of the manuscripts were published since 1991. The publications were mainly related to the categories biochemistry/molecular biology, food science technology, and pharmacology/pharmacy. These topics have been prolific since 1990 and before. Polymer science was prolific before, but its publication share declined in the recent two decades. Brazil, China, India, and South Korea have emerged as upcoming major contributors besides USA. Most prolific journals were Food Chemistry, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, and PLOS One. Clinical conditions with high citations included Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Parkinson's disease. Chemical terms and structures with high citations included alpha-tocopherol, anthocyanin, ascorbate, beta-carotene, carotenoid, curcumin, cysteine, flavonoid, flavonol, hydrogen peroxide, kaempferol, N-acetylcysteine, nitric oxide, phenolic acid, uric acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and resveratrol. Citation patterns temporal analysis revealed a transition of the scientific interest from research focused on antioxidant vitamins and minerals into stronger attention focus on antioxidant phytochemicals (plant secondary metabolites).
Achieving Complete Remission of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Significant Predictor for Recurrence-Free Survival after Liver Transplantation

Background Liver transplantation (LT) is a curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying primary liver disease; however, tumor recurrence is still a major issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess predictors and risk factors for HCC recurrence after LT in patients within and outside the Milan criteria with a special focus on the impact of different bridging strategies. Methods All patients who underwent LT for HCC between 07/2002 and 09/2016 at the University Hospital of Muenster were consecutively included in this retrospective study. Database research was performed and a multivariable regression analysis was conducted to explore potential risk factors for HCC recurrence. Results A total of 82 patients were eligible for the statistical analysis. Independent of bridging strategy, achieving complete remission (CR) was significantly associated with a lower risk for tumor recurrence (p = 0.029; OR = 0.426, 95% CI 0.198-0.918). A maximal diameter of lesion < 3 cm was also associated with lower recurrence rates (p = 0.040; OR = 0.140, 95% CI 0.022-0.914). Vascular invasion proved to be an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence (p = 0.004; OR = 11.357, 95% CI 2.142-60.199). Conclusion Achieving CR prior to LT results in a significant risk reduction of HCC recurrence after LT independent of the treatment modalities applied.
Disrupted Regional Spontaneous Neural Activity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Depressive symptoms are common in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who have an increased risk of dementia. It is currently unclear whether the pattern of spontaneous brain activity in patients with MCI differs between subjects with and without depressive symptoms. The current study sought to investigate the features of spontaneous brain activity in MCI patients with depressive symptoms (D-MCI) using coherence regional homogeneity (CReHo) analysis with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). We obtained rsfMRI data in 16 MCI patients with depressive symptoms and 18 nondepressed MCI patients (nD-MCI) using a 3 T scanner. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the regions in which ReHo differed between the two groups in specific frequency bands, slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.010–0.027 Hz), and typical bands (0.01–0.08 Hz). Correlation analyses were performed between the CReHo index of these regions and clinical variables to evaluate the relationship between CReHo and pathophysiological measures in the two groups. Our results showed that D-MCI patients exhibited significantly higher CReHo in the left Heschl's gyrus and left thalamus and lower CReHo in the left postcentral gyrus in the typical frequency band. In the slow-4 frequency band, D-MCI patients showed significantly higher CReHo in the left Heschl's gyrus and left thalamus. In the slow-5 frequency band, D-MCI patients exhibited significantly lower CReHo in the superior medial prefrontal gyrus. In addition, the results revealed that CReHo values in the left thalamus were positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores in D-MCI patients. These results suggest that the sensorimotor network may be one of the main pathophysiological factors in D-MCI.
Parents' Perceptions of the Challenges to Helping Their Children Maintain or Achieve a Healthy Weight

Introduction Parents play a critical role in their children's weight. This paper examines parents' perceptions about the challenges to helping their kids maintain or achieve a healthy weight. Methods We analyzed data in 2017 from a U.S. telephone poll conducted during October-November 2012 among parents or caregivers of children aged 2–17 years using a nationally representative sample of households. It included 667 White, 123 Black, and 167 Hispanic parents. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine parent perceptions about the individual- and environmental-level challenges to helping their children maintain or achieve a healthy weight. Results Overall, 45% of children have parents who reported challenges helping the child eat to maintain or achieve a healthy weight, and 35% have parents who reported challenges for exercise. According to parents, most children consumed snacks between 3 pm and bedtime during the school week (83%), and 63% of those children had an unhealthy snack. Parents did not express much concern about unhealthy snacks; 80% of children had parents who said that they did not mind since their child generally ate healthy food. Children with Hispanic and Black parents were more likely than those with White parents to have parents reporting environment challenges, such as unhealthy foods in schools. Conclusions Helping children maintain a healthy weight through diet is a problem for many parents, regardless of their race or ethnicity. Differences by race/ethnicity in parent perceptions of food environment challenges to helping their child maintain or achieve a healthy weight suggest possible areas for future interventions.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Examination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated from Poultry in Turkey

Abstract Introduction: The study aimed to isolate thermophilic Campylobacter from chickens raised three rearing methods, determine its antimicrobial susceptibilities, and examine resistance-related genes by PCR. Material and Methods: Cloacal swabs or intestinal contents were taken in Istanbul, Sakarya, and Izmir provinces. Chickens were from small village-based family-run businesses (n = 70), organically raised (n = 71), and conventionally raised broilers (n = 79). The samples were cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone desoxycholate (mCCD) agar. Suspect isolates were identified with multiplex PCR (mPCR). As per EUCAST standards, MIC values were derived by broth microdilution for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin in isolates of C. jejuni (n = 98) and C. coli (n = 83). Results: In C. jejuni, 78.6% tetracycline, 87.8% ciprofloxacin, and 81.6% nalidixic acid resistance was detected, but none was to kanamycin, gentamicin, or erythromycin. In C. coli, 98.8% ciprofloxacin and 63.9% nalidixic acid resistance was detected, whereas resistance to nonquinolones was not observed. C257T (Thr-86-Ile) mutation in the gyrA gene of all phenotypically quinolone-resistant isolates was detected through a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR (MAMA-PCR). It emerged that all isolates bore the tet (O) resistance gene. Conclusion: Common tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin resistance exists in Campylobacter isolated from chickens raised three rearing methods.
Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Pasteurella Multocida, and Mannheimia Haemolytica by Immunohistochemical Method in Naturally-infected Cattle

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on Pasteurella spp. infection in naturally-induced pneumonia in cattle by immunohistochemical labelling. Material and Methods: Lungs of cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouse were examined macroscopically, and 100 pneumonic samples were taken. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin by routine methods. Sections 5 μm in thickness were cut. The streptavidin-peroxidase method (ABC) was used to stain the sections for immuno-histochemical examination. Results: BRSV antigens were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles and within inflammatory cell debris and inflammatory exudate in bronchial lumens. Pasteurella spp. antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of bronchi and bronchioles, and in cells in the lumens of bronchi and bronchioles. Eleven cases were positive for only one pathogen (six for BRSV and five for Pasteurella spp.), while 35 cases were positive for 2 pathogens: BRSV plus P. multocida (n = 21) or M. haemolytica (n = 14). Conclusion: The presence of high levels of BRSV in dual infections indicates that BSRV may be the main pneumonia-inducing agent and an important predisposing factor for the formation of Pasteurella spp. infections in cattle naturally afflicted with pneumonia.
Outcome in elderly patients with aortic stenosis undergoing hip fracture surgery. Results may suggest a different postoperative strategy?

Background Five to ten percent of patients with hip fracture have severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of AS on early and long-term outcome after surgery for hip fracture. Methods 145 patients with AS and 283 consecutive patients without AS (control group) aged >70 years referred to Azienda Ospadaliera Universitaria (AOU) Careggi for hip fracture were included in the study. The endpoints were incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction, 30-day and 1-year mortality, and a composite endpoint (30-day mortality + myocardial infarction). Results 66 patients had mild, 47 moderate and 32 severe AS according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. 30-day mortality was 6.2% in AS and 3.1% in controls. Postoperative non-fatal myocardial infarction and composite endpoint were more frequent in AS than in the control group (8.3% vs 1.1%, p<0.001 and 14.5% vs 4.2%, p<0.001, respectively). The risk was significantly higher for patients with severe AS (28.1%). 1-year mortality in patients with moderate/severe AS was 46% in comparison with 16% in mild AS or in the control group (p<0.001). Coronary disease, atrial fibrillation, age, and aortic gradient were independent predictors of mortality in AS. Discussion AS significantly affects postoperative outcome after surgery for hip fracture. Since not infrequently AS is incidentally diagnosed during hospitalization after trauma, which should be the management in these patients after hip surgery? How many might benefit from surgical valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve replacement? A heart team evaluation may be suggested before discharge for most of these patients. Level of evidence IV.
Cognitive function predicts work disability among multiple sclerosis patients

Background In multiple sclerosis various aspects of cognitive function can be detrimentally affected. More than that, patients´ employment and social functioning is likely to be impacted. Objective To determine whether work disability among multiple sclerosis patients could be predicted by the symbol digit modalities test. Methods A register-based cohort study was conducted. Individual data on work disability, operationalised as annual net days of sickness absence and/or disability pension were retrieved at baseline, when the symbol digit modalities test was performed, after one-year and 3-year follow-up for 903 multiple sclerosis patients. The incidence rate ratios for work disability were calculated with general estimating equations using a negative binomial distribution and were adjusted for gender, age, educational level, family composition, type of living area and physical disability. Results After one year of follow-up, the patients in the lowest symbol digit modalities test quartile were estimated to have a 73% higher rate of work disability when compared to the patients in the highest symbol digit modalities test quartile (incidence rate ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.42‒2.10). This estimate after 3-year follow-up was similar (incidence rate ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.40‒2.02). Conclusion Cognitive function is to a high extent associated with multiple sclerosis patients’ future work disability, even after adjusting for other factors.
Inertial settling of a sphere through an interface. Part 2. Sphere and tail dynamics

Selected situations in which a rigid sphere settles through a two-layer system obtained by superimposing two immiscible Newtonian fluids are studied using a combination of experiments and direct numerical simulations. By varying the viscosity of the two fluids and the sphere size and inertia, the flow conditions cover situations driven by capillary and viscous effects, in which case the sphere detaches slowly from the interface and may even rise for a period of time, as well as highly inertial cases where its motion is barely affected by the interface and essentially reacts to the change in the fluid viscosity and density. The evolutions of the sphere velocity, effective drag force and entrained volume of upper fluid are analysed. In most cases considered here, this entrained volume first takes the form of an axisymmetric tail which elongates as time proceeds until it pinches off at some point. We examine the post-pinch-off dynamics of this tail under various conditions. When the viscosity of the lower fluid is comparable or larger than that of the upper one, an end-pinching process initiated near the initial pinch-off position develops and propagates along the tail, gradually transforming it into a series of primary and satellite drops; the size of the former is correctly predicted by the linear stability theory. In contrast, when the lower fluid is much less viscous than the upper one, the tail recedes without pinching off again. During a certain stage of the process, the tip velocity keeps a constant value which is significantly underpredicted by the classical Taylor–Culick model. An improved theoretical prediction, shown to agree well with observations, is obtained by incorporating buoyancy effects resulting from the density difference between the two fluids. Spheres with large enough inertia settling in a low-viscosity lower fluid are found to exhibit specific tail dynamics prefiguring wake fragmentation. Indeed, an interfacial instability quickly develops near the top of the sphere, resulting in the formation of thin axisymmetric corollas surrounding the central part of the tail and propagating upwards. A simplified inviscid model considering the role of the boundary layer around the tail and including surface tension effects is found to predict correctly the characteristics of the observed instability which turns out to be governed by the Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism.
Vertical distribution of expansive, bloom-forming algae Gonyostomum semen vs. plankton community and water chemistry in four small humic lakes

One of the features of Gonyostomum semen , a bloom-forming and expansive flagellate, is uneven distribution in the vertical water column often observed in humic lakes. In this paper, we analysed vertical distribution of the algae in four small (0.9–2.5 ha) and humic (DOC: 7.4–16.5 mg dm −3 ) lakes with similar morphometric features with the aim to test the hypothesis that vertical distribution of G. semen may be shaped by zooplankton structure and abundance. In addition, we wanted to check whether high biomass of this flagellate has any influence on the chemical composition as well as on planktonic bacteria abundance of the water column. The results of the study showed that vertical distribution of the algae during the day varied among all studied lakes. Our most important finding was that (a) the abundance and structure of zooplankton community (especially in case of large bodied daphnids Daphnia pulicaria, D. longispina and copepod Eudiaptomus graciloides ) may shape G. semen vertical distribution in studied lakes; (b) high G. semen biomass may decrease the content of ammonium ions in the water column by intense uptake, but has low effect on other water chemical parameters. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the factors influencing this expansive algae behaviour as well as it shows interesting aspects of G. semen influence on some components of the lake ecosystem.
Effect of Seed treatment , Panchagavya application and Organic Farming Systems on Soil microbial population , Growth and Yield of Maize

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems on soil microbial population, growth and yield of maize. Grain yield of maize varied significantly due to different organic farming systems, seed treatment and panchagavya spray. Maximum grain yield of 19.3 q per ha was recorded in organic farming system II and minimum maize grain yield was recorded in systems I (17.1 q / ha). The grain yield of 19.6 q per ha and 16.90 q per ha was recorded with panchagavya (3 %) and without panchagavya application. Maximum yield of 19.90 q per ha was recorded in seed treatment with panchagavya followed by beejamrutha (17.99 q / ha) and minimum grain yield of 16.90 q per ha was recorded in control. Higher microbial population was observed in organic farming system II compared to organic farming system I. Panchagavya spray and panchagavya seed treatment showed higher rhizosphere microbial population followed by with panchagavya and beejamrutha seed treatment. Lower microbial population was observed in without panchagavya spray and without seed treatment.
Statistical Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System: The Case for Fines Instead of Jail

We develop a model of statistical discrimination in criminal trials. Agents carry publicly observable labels of no economic significance (race, etc.) and choose to commit crimes if their privately observed utility from doing so is high enough. A crime generates noisy evidence, and defendants are convicted when the realized amount of evidence is sufficiently strong. Convicted offenders are penalized either by incarceration or by monetary fines. In the case of prison sentences, discriminatory equilibria can exist in which members of one group face a prior prejudice in trials and are convicted with less evidence than members of the other group. Such discriminatory equilibria cannot exist with monetary fines instead of prison sentences. Our findings have implications for potential reforms of the American criminal justice system.
SCALE OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE TERM OF FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT (FPIC) AND THE HUMANIZATION PROCESS ON MEDICAL FIELD

The objectives of the following article is to develop and verify the factorial validity and the internal consistency of the Scale of Attitudes toward the Term of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the Humanization Process on Medical field, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study started from an analysis of the key concepts of humanization for the purpose of giving theoretical support to the empirical research. So, for the validation process of the instrument developed, it counted with the participation of 164 Brazilian medical students [61% female], with aged 19 to 34 years old (M=22.58, SD=2.27). Thus, were proceeded the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Cronbach’s alpha test. The results confirmed that this scale of 14 items make an one-dimensional measure which reliably predicts Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived of Control and Behavioural Intention in relation to the FPIC and the humanization process. Theoretical and empirical implications of the results are discussed about the instrument developed. Thereto, it was possible to identify the total scores for each one of the components, to create an instrument that can be used to find behavioural patterns between groups, and verifying the relationship between variables through the correlation and the European Scientific Journal February 2014 edition vol.10, No.6 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e ISSN 18577431 39 level of explanation of the antecedent variables as the consequential variables.
CAPABILITIES, INNOVATION, AND OVERALL PERFORMANCE IN BRAZILIAN EXPORT FIRMS

Este artigo aprofunda a pesquisa atual sobre inovacao por meio do estudo da relacao entre “capacidade de inovacao” e “desempenho geral” em empresas exportadoras. A partir das perspectivas da visao baseada em recursos (resource-based view – RBV) e capacidade dinâmica, examinamos os efeitos diretos e interativos de capacidades exploratorias e explorativas na inovacao de produtos para os mercados externos e no desempenho geral da empresa (direta e mediada pela inovacao de produto). Alem disso, testamos o efeito moderador do dinamismo do mercado e o efeito de controle da variavel tamanho de empresa sobre essas relacoes. Assim, a principal contribuicao deste artigo e desenvolver e testar empiricamente um modelo conceitual original, pela combinacao desses constructos em novos relacionamentos, em um pais emergente. Esse modelo foi testado com dados de 498 empresas exportadoras brasileiras distribuidas em todos os setores industriais brasileiros, por tamanho de empresa e por Estados. A analise foi feita com a aplicacao de modelagem de equacoes estruturais (structural equation modeling – SEM). Como resultado, encontramos suporte para as hipoteses de que as capacidades explorativas influenciam a inovacao de produto e o desempenho global, ao passo que as capacidades exploratorias e sua interacao com as explorativas influenciam o desempenho geral, mas nao a inovacao de produtos. Alem disso, a relacao entre as capacidades explorativas e o desempenho global e mediada pela inovacao de produtos. Diferentemente do hipotetizado, o dinamismo do mercado nao modera a relacao entre inovacao de produto e desempenho geral. Alem disso, o tamanho da empresa atua como uma variavel de controle das relacoes testadas. Quanto as implicacoes para a teoria, este estudo contribui para a compreensao de que capacidades explorativas influenciam o desempenho geral de uma empresa, tanto direta quanto indiretamente (via inovacao de produto), e destaca os distintos efeitos diretos e mediadores de inovacao no desempenho geral. Esses insights mostram a importância de considerar o papel das variaveis mediadoras e moderadoras nos modelos conceituais que avaliam os determinantes do desempenho global, evitando a superestimacao da influencia de determinados constructos. Por fim, o trabalho fornece suporte empirico original para a hipotese da interdependencia entre inovacoes de produto para os mercados externos e o desempenho global.