Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Who-Edits-What Predict Edit Survival?

As the number of contributors to online peer-production systems grows, it becomes increasingly important to predict whether the edits that users make will eventually be beneficial to the project. Existing solutions either rely on a user reputation system or consist of a highly specialized predictor that is tailored to a specific peer-production system. In this work, we explore a different point in the solution space that goes beyond user reputation but does not involve any content-based feature of the edits. We view each edit as a game between the editor and the component of the project. We posit that the probability that an edit is accepted is a function of the editor's skill, of the difficulty of editing the component and of a user-component interaction term. Our model is broadly applicable, as it only requires observing data about who makes an edit, what the edit affects and whether the edit survives or not. We apply our model on Wikipedia and the Linux kernel, two examples of large-scale peer-production systems, and we seek to understand whether it can effectively predict edit survival: in both cases, we provide a positive answer. Our approach significantly outperforms those based solely on user reputation and bridges the gap with specialized predictors that use content-based features. It is simple to implement, computationally inexpensive, and in addition it enables us to discover interesting structure in the data.
A Study of Spirituality and Life Satisfaction Among Persons with Spinal Cord Injury

&NA; The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of spirituality and life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. A nationwide sample of 230 persons with long‐term spinal cord injury completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Quality of Life Index (QLI), and a demographic data form. Data analysis also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and psychological/spiritual factors of the QLI instrument. Nurses are mandated by the International Council of Nurses, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the Patient's Bill of Rights (Maddox, 2001) to provide spiritual care for clients. Rehabilitation nurses have the opportunity to support spirituality and life satisfaction as we assist our clients with disabilities to redefine their lives and explore new life opportunities.
AUDIT COMMITTEE AND INTEGRITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: A Preventive Mechanism for Corporate Failure.

Corporate governance is a phenomenon that has recently attracted local and foreign interest due to the frequent occurrences of corporate failures experienced by various organizations in both developed and developing nations around the world. Financial statements are the midpoint of this corporate disorder and auditing profession is said to responsible for the disaster. This has brought the question of how efficient is our financial system and the effectiveness of the audit infrastructure. This study investigated the effect of audit committee oversight function on integrity of financial statements as a means preventing organizational failure. The population of this study consisted of 183 public quoted companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange, 100 medium and large audit firms and 616 investor with about 10% holding in PLC. Data was elicited using structured questionnaires. Hypotheses were confirmed using Z-test. The result shows that there is significant relationship between audit committee activities and integrity of financial statements, which enhances the quality corporate governance and prevents organizational failure. The study recommended that a committed audit committee should be established and members to be appointed should possess analytical skill with strong financial background. The will go a long way to curb the incessant corporate failure in Nigeria.
Does channel decentralization lead to low quality product lines

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of optimal product line design in marketing channels. Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops a game theoretic model, in which a firm markets a line of a limited number of products at different quality levels to serve a market composed of multiple consumer segments. The consumer segments are modeled as clusters of somewhat heterogeneous consumers as typically observed in the real world. These model characteristics allow us to consider a broader set of targeting strategies such as sub-segmentation and partial cannibalization which have not been considered previously. By considering both a vertically integrated channel and a decentralized channel, we investigate how channel structure influences optimal product line design. We analyze the model mathematically with supplemental numerical analyses. Findings – Our analysis shows that “quality distortion” in product line design is not limited to the low-end product, as previously reported, b.
Does cigarette smoking alter the risk of pterygium? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To determine the association of cigarette smoking with pterygium. METHODS Potentially eligible studies published from the year 1946 to December 28, 2013 were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, and reference lists. All studies that evaluated smoking as an independent factor for pterygium were identified. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were combined using the random-effects model when P < 0.1 in the test for heterogeneity, or otherwise the fixed-effects model was used. Meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and evaluation of potential biases were undertaken. The ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking as an associated factor for pterygium were analyzed. RESULTS We included 24 articles incorporating 95,279 participants from 20 cross-sectional studies, 2 hospital-based case-control studies, and 2 population-based cohort studies. The combined OR of cigarette smoking (current or ever smoked) for risk of pterygium was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69-0.97; P = 0.025). The results remained consistent among current smokers (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61-0.76; P = 4.57 × 10(-12)), but not in ex-smokers (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.87-1.27; P = 0.59). The impact of ultraviolet light (UV) exposure (P = 0.082) and sex (P = 0.553) on the effect of smoking was insignificant in meta-regression. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the protective effect and nonrelevance of these two study-level variables. Begg's funnel plots and Egger's test showed minimal publication bias. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis show that cigarette smoking was associated with a reduced risk of pterygium, especially in current smokers. This effect may be independent of UV exposure and sex. Investigations are needed to unveil its molecular basis serving therapeutic purposes.
An Examination of IndividualÃ¢ÂÂs Perceived Security andPrivacy of the Internet in Malaysia and the Influence ofThis on Their Intention to Use E-Commerce: Using AnExtension of the Technology Acceptance Model

This study explores the impact of perceived security and privacy on the intention to use Internet banking. An extended version of the technology acceptance model (TAM) is used to examine the above perception. A survey was distributed, the 187 responses mainly from the urban cities in Malaysia, have generally agreed that security and privacy are still the main concerns while using Internet banking. The research model explains over half of the variance of the intention to use Internet banking [R2 = 0.532 (adjusted)], the unexplained 47 percent of variance suggests that the model may have excluded other possible factors influencing the acceptance of Internet banking. Interaction in the local language (Bahasa Malaysia) did not have an impact on the ease of use of Internet banking. Internet security, Internet banking regulations and customers’ privacy would remain future challenges of Internet banking acceptance. The value of this study may provide an updated literature in the field of Internet banking acceptance in Malaysia.
The Role of Flow in Web Site Effectiveness

ABSTRACT Web sites are based on information and communication technologies that enable easy, rapid interactions between consumers and advertisers and thus represent more durable and common communication activity. In this context, the flow experience can provide a better explanation of consumer behavior in the context of Web sites as company communication activities. By adding the flow state to traditional advertising models, this study demonstrates the impact of flow state on Web site effectiveness. The results show that the flow state influences attitude toward the Web site, both directly and indirectly through Web site cognitions.
WHAT MAKES A SUCCESSFUL HOTEL REPUTATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON TRIPADVISOR HOTEL REVIEWS

Nowadays, the concept of reputation management in hospitality industry is related to the efforts of the hotel management to find the best solutions for handling the reviews and comments of hotel guests left on one of numerous social media channels. The introduction of Web 2.0 technologies has brought about innovation in terms of how contemporary society interacts, allowing people to generate unique content to be published on their preferred social media channel. Hospitality industry faces numerous challenges concerning handling of the user generated content, especially on travel review sites and is trying to be actively involved in creating and maintaining its reputation. The aim of this research paper is to address the vital elements of successful reputation management of a hotel property. In order to do so, the authors have conducted the content analysis of TripAdvisor reviews and responses to these for the hotel property targeted as an example of a good reputation management strategy. The research results will point out the aspects of reputation management hotel managers should pay attention to and should serve as a useful guideline for the hotel’s social media marketing activities.
Towards a better understanding of the intention to use eHealth services by medical professionals: The case of developing countries

Abstract eHealth services are experiencing a slow diffusion in developing countries. Yet, despite the managerial importance of such a question, little research considers e-health and its adoption. This article therefore investigates this topic and aims at better understanding what are the motivational factors influencing medical professionals intention to use eHealth services. Literature on Technology Acceptance Models was first investigated and adapted to the research context with the help of a qualitative study. Then a quantitative study was performed. Data from 10 developing countries revealed atypical findings. Performance expectancy, social influence through moderators, government policy, medical education, and medical knowledge contribute to the intention to use eHealth services in developing countries. Analytical results indicate the importance of government attitude in the adoption of these innovative services. Geographic differences between urban and rural areas also revealed the need for different marketing strategies for these environments. The results of the research were two-fold. First, unique, new constructs based on The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to measure behavioural intention by medical professionals in developing countries were developed. Second, a model which details relationships between motivational factors and behavioural intention was proposed and validated based on the specific domain of eHealth services. The findings of the study have valuable implications for both academic and management practice in the field of international marketing management.
A systematic review of the association between cardiovascular risk factors and regular consumption of oats

Purpose – To review the evidence from high quality human intervention studies that reported links between oat consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.Design/methodology/approach – Using Medline, a search was made for all randomized controlled trials published between 1990 and 2008 that met defined inclusion criteria. Studies had a minimum duration of 14 days, used oat products rather than purified extracts, and included plasma lipid levels as outcome variables.Findings – A total of 21 eligible studies were located 13 of which reported significant reductions in total cholesterol when oats were consumed, while 14 reported significant reductions in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. A few studies found increases in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and more favourable cholesterol ratios when oats were consumed.Research limitations/implications – It was not possible to analyse differences in response between health and “at risk” subjects. A meta‐analysis would be a useful step forward, .
Turkish and American Undergraduate Students' Attitudes Toward HIV/AIDS Patients: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a complex healthcare problem. Research has demonstrated that negative attitudes affect healthcare provision. AIMS The purpose of this study was to compare nursing students' attitudes using the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS). SETTINGS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in nursing schools in Istanbul, Turkey, and in Upstate New York (NY). PARTICIPANTS Baccalaureate nursing students (n = 613) from both countries completed the questionnaire. METHODS Demographic data, overall AAS attitudes, and attitudes within each subscale were compared. Analyses included frequency and percentages of the grouped variables, arithmetic means and standard deviations, t-test for independent samples, and multiple analysis of variance. RESULTS Upstate NY students' mean total AAS scores were significantly more positive toward HIV+ patients than Turkish students'. Scores for Professional Resistance and Emotions subscales were significantly more positive for the Upstate NY students, but Fear of Contagion was not. Upstate NY students had more negative attitudes in the contexts of job risk and eating in a restaurant where the chef has AIDS; more professional resistance to referring patients and training specialists for HIV/AIDS patients; and lower tender feelings for people with HIV/AIDS (p < .01 for each). CONCLUSIONS Improvement in students' attitudes is beneficial for promoting nonjudgmental, compassionate care for the HIV+ population.
Bridging the development gap : ASEAN equitable development monitor 2014

Since the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s and through the Global Financial Crisis of the last decade, commendable progress has been made by the member states of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in improving economic and human development outcomes both within each country and across countries. Since 1997, the economies of the poorest countries in the ASEAN, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam, have generally grown faster than the richer economies, which has reduced gaps in per capita incomes. Overall, child mortality rates have been cut by two-thirds across the ASEAN. And significant reductions have occurred even in some of the poorer member countries such as Cambodia and Lao PDR. However, this reportThe ASEAN Equitable Development Monitor (henceforth referred to as The Monitor), also shows that much remains to be done to ensure that the poorest members of the ASEAN community, within countries and across countries, are not left behind as the countries of the ASEAN integrate further. In both policies and development outcomes, differences across the countries of the ASEAN remain large. In this context, the monitor is designed to facilitate further discussion on policies and programs that can promote inclusive growth within ASEAN member countries and across the ASEAN community. It presents a number of indicators that are intended to provide a summary of development outcomes across and within the ten ASEAN countries and over time. On this basis, the monitor is intended to help policymakers in ASEAN member states to identify areas of concerns and prioritize national and regional interventions. The monitor tracks indicators across two broad sets of development outcomes and policies: (i) economic development; and (ii) human development.
Factors Influencing Customer Engagement in Mobile Applications

Ability to engage customers is crucial for highly competitive market of mobile applications. Notwithstanding, there is no consensus in scientific literature regarding the determinants of customer engagement in mobile applications. Thus, the aim of this research is to reveal factors driving customer engagement in mobile applications. Theoretical studies on customer engagement in mobile applications and its characteristics are based on comparative and systematic analysis of scientific literature. Empirical research is performed by applying quantitative research – survey. Results of empirical research confirm all three customer engagement dimensions in using mobile applications: emotional, cognitive, and behavioural. Results of regression analysis reveal that customer sociability and technical convenience are the most important factors when considering customer engagement in mobile applications, while customer satisfaction and hedonic factors were insignificant. The manuscript provides some useful practical implications for developers how to increase customer engagement in mobile applications. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 27.2. 14030
Diagnostic error in a national incident reporting system in the UK.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Diagnostic errors and delays carry potentially grave consequences for patients and feature prominently in studies of adverse events in health care. Diagnostic errors present a particular challenge for error/incident reporting systems because they involve clinical reasoning and are difficult to define precisely. The aim of the present study was to investigate what insights can be gained about diagnostic error from an incident reporting system. METHODS Diagnostic errors reported to the UK's National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) between November 2003 and October 2005 were investigated. We analysed reported level of harm to the patient and incident location and we compared diagnostic with non-diagnostic incidents. We also assessed the quality of reporting in a subset of reports associated with a patient's death. RESULTS Of 316,589 incidents reported in the period under investigation, 1674 were diagnostic (0.5%). Diagnostic incidents were more likely than other incidents to be associated with moderate or severe harm, or a patient's death and were more likely to occur in a hospital emergency department than other incidents. Diagnostic incidents in emergency departments were more likely to be associated with greater harm than similar incidents in wards. Observed reporting quality (detail; clarity) was very variable. CONCLUSION These findings replicate findings from studies in emergency departments and suggest that reporting systems have a role to play in understanding diagnostic errors alongside other sources of error analysis. Accurate and complete reporting of adequate volume enhances the potential contribution of an incident reporting system to understanding diagnostic error.
Do the Causal Effects of Internal Collaboration and External Collaboration Improve Performance in Supply Chains

There are three aims of this research. One is to verify the mutual effects between internal collaboration and external collaboration, another is to prove performance improvement among different levels of supply chain collaboration, and the third is to analyze gaps between the two viewpoints. The population is Korean FDI firms in China and 208 data are used in the analysis. The data are treated with various methods: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, SEM, cluster analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA and post hoc analysis. The results are as follows. First, external collaboration and internal collaboration have positive effects on each other, which have a positive effect on performance. This means that efficiency of internal processes is the cause of promoting connection with external processes and information generated from the market is the basis of a variance of internal processes, followed by high performance. Second, service performance improvement is more definite than cost performance improvement among different levels of supply chain collaboration. Firms can achieve more definite results in service performance when they perform supply chain collaboration. Third, this research verifies both the viewpoint of directions of supply chain collaboration and the strategic choice viewpoint of supply chain collaboration to better understand supply chain collaboration. Both viewpoints approach supply chain collaboration from different viewpoints but they do explain the methods for performance improvement.
Land Reform and Rural Livelihood in South Africa: Does Access to Land Matter?

This paper presents the main findings of a study conducted in 2009 and 2010 of land redistribution projects in the Chris Hani District Municipality (CHDM), focusing on the question of whether land transferred through the land reform programme in South Africa is making a contribution to improving the livelihoods of beneficiaries. The paper highlights three main findings of this study. First, the acquisition of land has improved, in some cases vastly, the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries. Secondly, land reform beneficiary households and those who acquired land on their own in commercial farm areas are far better off (on average) than their counterparts in the communal areas, who have limited access to land. Thirdly, most land reform beneficiaries are able to improve their livelihoods with very limited or, in many instances, no support from the state. These findings contradict the gloomy picture painted by most studies on land reform and livelihoods, as well as recent pronouncements by some senior government officials and analysts that land transferred through land reform is not improving the livelihoods of beneficiaries, that it is not being used, and that black Africans are no longer interested in land as a means of livelihood.
Hemodynamic and renal excretory effects of human brain natriuretic peptide infusion in patients with congestive heart failure. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial.

BACKGROUND The pharmacological effects of infusion of human brain natriuretic peptide (hBNP) in patients with severe congestive heart failure have not been characterized previously. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty patients with severe congestive heart failure were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to receive incremental 90-minute infusions of hBNP (0.003, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 microgram/kg per minute) or placebo on 2 consecutive days. At the highest completed dose of the hBNP, mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 38.3 +/- 1.6 to 25.9 +/- 1.7 mm Hg; mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 25.1 +/- 1.1 to 13.2 +/- 1.3 mm Hg; mean right atrial pressure decreased from 10.9 +/- 1 to 4.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; mean arterial pressure decreased from 85.2 +/- 2.0 to 74.9 +/- 1.7 mm Hg; and cardiac index increased from 2.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.5 +/- 0.1 L/min per square meter (all P < .01 versus placebo). Urine volume and urine sodium excretion increased significantly during hBNP infusion when compared with placebo infusion (90 +/- 38 versus 67 +/- 27 mL/h and 2.6 +/- 2.4 versus 1.4 +/- 1.2 mEq/h, respectively, both P < .05 versus placebo), whereas creatinine clearance and urinary potassium excretion did not change. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of incremental doses of hBNP is associated with favorable hemodynamic and natriuretic effects in patients with severe congestive heart failure.