Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proton MR spectroscopy of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: in vitro characteristics.

PURPOSE To determine the ability of in vitro high-field-strength proton MR spectroscopy to differentiate squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract from uninvolved muscle. METHODS Surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the upper aerodigestive tract (n = 18) and from muscle (n = 13) were examined in vitro using high-field (11 T) proton MR spectroscopy. The peak heights of choline and creatine were measured for tumor and muscle at echo times of 136 and 272. The choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio was compared between tumor and normal tissue for each echo time. Student's t test was used to determine whether a significant difference existed between proton MR spectroscopic measurements of the Cho/Cr ratio for tumor and muscle. RESULTS The mean Cho/Cr ratio was consistently higher in tumor than in muscle at all echo times; however, statistically significant differences between tumor and muscle were identified only at longer echo times (136 and 272). CONCLUSION The Cho/Cr peak height ratio can be used to differentiate tumor from muscle in vitro (at 11 T).
Sperm length evolution in the fungus-growing ants

Eusocial insects offer special opportunities for the comparative study of sperm traits because sperm competition is absent (in species with obligatory monandry) or constrained (in lineages where queens mate multiply but never remate later in life). We measured sperm length in 19 species of fungus-growing ants, representing 9 of the 12 recognized genera, and mapped these onto the ant phylogeny. We show that average sperm length across species is highly variable and decreases with mature colony size in basal genera with singly mated queens, suggesting that sperm production or storage constraints affect the evolution of sperm length. Sperm length does not decrease further in multiply mating leaf-cutting ants, despite substantial further increases in colony size. In a combined analysis, sexual dimorphism explained 63.1% of the variance in sperm length between species. As colony size was not a significant predictor in this analysis, we conclude that sperm production trade-offs in males have been the major selective force affecting sperm length across the fungus-growing ants, rather than storage constraints in females. The relationship between sperm length and sexual dimorphism remained robust in phylogenetically independent contrasts. Some of the remaining variation was explained by the relative size of the sperm-storage organ, but only in the multiply mating leaf-cutting ants, suggesting that sperm-storage constraints become important for the evolution of sperm length in this derived group. Mate number affected sperm length to a minor extent, and only in interaction with other predictor variables, suggesting that sperm competition has not been a major selective force for sperm length evolution in these ants. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Time-Varying Formation Controllers for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

We consider the problem of designing scalable and portable controllers for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to reach time-varying formations as quickly as possible. This brief confirms that deep reinforcement learning can be used in a multi-agent fashion to drive UAVs to reach any formation while taking into account optimality and portability. We use a deep neural network to estimate how good a state is, so the agent can choose actions accordingly. The system is tested with different non-high-dimensional sensory inputs without any change in the neural network architecture, algorithm or hyperparameters, just with additional training.
From Volksgeist to radical humanism: Culture and value in economic anthropology

Stocking, George W. , ed. Volksgeist as Method and Ethic: Essays on Boasian Ethnography and the German Anthropological Tradition. (History of Anthropology, Vol. 8). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996. viii + 349 pp. including index. $27.50 cloth. Wilk, Richard R. Economies and Cultures: Foundations of Economic Anthropology. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. xviii + 189 pp. including appendix, bibliography and index. $49.00 cloth, $15.95 paper. Narotzky, Susana. New Directions in Economic Anthropology. London: Pluto Press, 1997. x + 253 pp. including bibliography and index. $54.95 cloth, $23.94 paper. Gregory, C. A. Savage Money: The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997. xvi + 333 pp. including bibliography and index. $72.00 cloth, $30.00 paper.
The thoracic anterior spinal cord adhesion syndrome.

OBJECTIVES This study included a series of middle-aged male and female patients who presented with chronic anterior hemicord dysfunction progressing to paraplegia. Imaging of anterior thoracic cord displacement by either a dural adhesion or a dural defect with associated cord herniation is presented. METHODS This is a retrospective review of cases referred to a tertiary neuroscience centre over a 19-year period. Imaging series were classified by two experienced neuroradiologists against several criteria and correlated with clinical examination and/or findings at surgery. RESULTS 16 cases were available for full review. Nine were considered to represent adhesions (four confirmed surgically) and four to represent true herniation (three confirmed surgically). In the three remaining cases the diagnosis was radiologically uncertain. CONCLUSION The authors propose "thoracic anterior spinal cord adhesion syndrome" as a novel term to describe this patient cohort and suggest appropriate clinicoradiological features for diagnosis. Several possible aetiologies are also suggested, with disc rupture and inflammation followed by disc resorption and dural pocket formation being a possible mechanism predisposing to herniation at the extreme end of a clinicopathological spectrum.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Risk Factors in Prisons of Gamo Goffa Zone, South Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: There is limited information regarding tuberculosis (TB) in prisons in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons and assess associated risk factors among inmates suspected for pulmonary tuberculosis in Gamo Goffa Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 124 inmates in Gamo Goffa Zone, Southern Ethiopia, between November 1 and March 3, 2011. During the study period there were a total of 3817 prisoners in the three prisons of the study Zone. Inmates were eligible for the study if they had cough for more than or equal to two weeks during the study period. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum samples were collected from suspected inmates and examined using sputum smear microscopy and culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media. Results: The prevalence of pulmonary TB among inmates who had cough for at least 2-weeks was 19.4% (24/124). Extrapolation of the finding implies that there were 629 pulmonary tuberculosis cases during the survey period per 100,000 prisoners. Smoking, previous history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, poor ventilation of the cell, cough for more than four weeks before diagnosis and decreased body mass index were significantly associated with increased odds of being positive for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was about 8 folds higher than its counterpart in the community which was in line with the findings of previous studies in Ethiopia. This implies the need for tuberculosis control measures to be targeted on factors driving tuberculosis in southern Ethiopia: improving ventilation status of cells in prisons, monitoring nutritional status of prisoners and restricting access to smoking.
Origin of Old World pottery as viewed from the early 2010s: when, where and why?

A critical evaluation of the existing data corpus on the earliest pottery in East Asia and its chronology as of early 2013 is presented here. Pottery in the Old World emerged in three regions within greater East Asia, namely South China, the Japanese Islands and the Russian Far East, at c. 14,800–13,300 bp (or c. 18,500–15,500 cal. bp). Most probably, pottery-making appeared in these places independently; no solid evidence exists about migrations and/or diffusion of this technology from a supposed single centre in South China. Because the Upper Palaeolithic humans in Eurasia were familiar with clay (as a raw material for making figurines), the most probable driving force for the origin of pottery was the necessity to produce in large amounts durable, light containers for the processing (including boiling) and storing of food.
The birth of a first child: do women's reports change over time?

ABSTRACT: Seventy-two women who had been interviewed three weeks postpartum in an earlier study were re-interviewed two years after the birth. There was a significant decrease over time in their ratings of each of the medical and preparation procedures they had had. Those women who had the one child or who were pregnant with a second child showed no change in overall perception of their labor and delivery after the two-year interval, while those who had had a second child were more negative than at the first interview. Women's recall of the events of their first birth was generally accurate and their pain ratings for all but the second stage labor were not significantly different at the two interviews. The results indicate that “time of interview” is an important factor to take into account in childbirth research.
RF 9 , a potent and selective neuropeptide FF receptor antagonist , prevents opioid-induced tolerance associated with hyperalgesia

GENETICS. For the article ‘‘A Sanger pyrosequencing hybrid approach for the generation of high-quality draft assemblies of marine microbial genomes,’’ by Susanne M. D. Goldberg, Justin Johnson, Dana Busam, Tamara Feldblyum, Steve Ferriera, Robert Friedman, Aaron Halpern, Hoda Khouri, Saul A. Kravitz, Federico M. Lauro, Kelvin Li, Yu-Hui Rogers, Robert Strausberg, Granger Sutton, Luke Tallon, Torsten Thomas,
Tropical Stationary Waves in a Nonlinear Shallow-Water Model with Realistic Basic States

Abstract The nonlinear shallow-water equations are used to study the tropical stationary wave response to steady thermal forcing near the equator in earthlike zonally symmetric basic states. A thin (200 m) fluid layer is superimposed over a large (1500 m) zonally symmetric topography distribution that decreases smoothly from the Tropics to the Poles, thus providing the large meridional height gradients required to maintain realistic zonal-mean zonal winds without introducing unrealistically large tropical wave speeds. A mean meridional circulation is maintained by relaxing the fluid toward its initial, global-mean depth. Both hemispherically symmetric (equinoctial) and hemispherically asymmetric (solstitial) basic states are considered. Stationary waves are generated by adding a fixed mass source/sink distribution near the equator. The presence of westerly zonal-mean winds in the subtropics amplifies the steady eddy response to the tropical mass forcing and shifts the Rossby gyres poleward and eastward, r.
Management of Bell palsy: clinical practice guideline

Bell palsy is an idiopathic weakness or paralysis of the face of peripheral nerve origin, with acute onset. It affects 20–30 persons per 100 000 annually, and 1 in 60 individuals will be affected over the course of their lifetime. [1][1],[2][2] The major cause of Bell palsy is believed to be an
Perceptual learning of intonation : Adults are more narrow-minded than children

Perceptual learning refers to the process of mapping points in the continuous acoustic similarity space onto linguistic categories. The present paper reports on rapid perceptual learning of intonation contour categories in children and adults. We document age-related differences in inductive bias. Given the same experience, adults learn narrower categories than children, which may make it harder for them to recognize new instances of a contour as belonging to the same category. A major transition is reported around age 10: 11-year-olds are largely adult-like but 9-year-olds are not. This finding may help explain why children are better second language learners than adults.
[Health indicators associated with poor sleep quality among university students].

OBJECTIVE To associate the sleep quality of Brazilian undergraduate students with health indicators. METHOD A cross-sectional study was developed with a random sample of 662 undergraduate students from Fortaleza, Brazil. The demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and health data indicators (smoking, alcoholism, sedentary lifestyle, nutritional condition and serum cholesterol) were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Blood was collected at a clinical laboratory. In order to estimate the size of the associations, a Poisson Regression was used. RESULTS For students who are daily smokers, the occurrence of poor sleep was higher than in non-smokers (p<0.001). Prevalence rate values were nevertheless close to 1. CONCLUSION The likelihood of poor sleep is almost the same in smokers and in alcoholics.
Population growth and economic Development: e mpirical e vidence from the Philippines

In recent decades, new forms of the Malthusian idea of limited food supply and scarce resources have surfaced. The notion of “peak oil” in the 1970s and warnings of an impending food crisis have generated intense debates among economists and policymakers. Various concerns have been expressed about the ability of the world economy to sustain the ever-expanding world population. This paper aims to provide additional empirical evidence to the ongoing debate about the impact of population growth on economic development with the Philippines as a case study. The findings of this study indicate the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic performance and population growth in the Philippines. The results of the statistical analyses also point toward the existence of a unidirectional causality from economic development to population growth in the Philippines. That is, economic development in the Philippines has had a positive impact on population growth in the country. This empirical result supports the hypothesis of “economic development-induced” population growth, which is the key outcome of the study.
If You Build It, They Will Move: The Los Angeles Freeway System and the Displacement of Mexican East Los Angeles, 1944-1972

sheriff deputies dragged the Arechiga family from their home on May 8, 1959, it marked the end of a ten-year struggle against the City of Los Angeles.3 That Friday, television cameras recorded four male deputies carrying Mrs. Arechiga's daughter kicking and screaming from her home; she was later arrested for assaulting the officers.4 Her mother served thirty days in jail. Other neighbors resisted with stones, some with shotguns. Still others tried an even more tactless idea: fighting city hall.5
Physical therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by chronic wide spread pain, increased tenderness to palpation and additional symptoms such as disturbed sleep, stiffness, fatigue and psychological distress. While medication mainly focus on pain reduction, physical therapy is aimed at disease consequences such as pain, fatigue, deconditioning, muscle weakness and sleep disturbances and other disease consequences. We systematically reviewed current treatment options in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Based on evidence from randomized controlled trials cardiovascular fitness training importantly improves cardiovascular fitness, both subjective and objective measures of pain as well as subjective energy and work capacity and physical and social activities. Based on anecdotal evidence or small observational studies physiotherapy may reduce overloading of the muscle system, improve postural fatigue and positioning, and condition weak muscles. Modalities and whole body cryotherapy may reduce localized as well as generalized pain in short term. Trigger point injection may reduce pain originating from concomitant trigger points in selected FM patient. Massage may reduce muscle tension and may be prescribed as a adjunct with other therapeutic interventions. Acupuncture may reduce pain and increase pain threshold. Biofeedback may positively influence subjective and objective disease measures. TENS may reduce localized musculosceletal pain in fibromyalgia. While there seems to be no single best treatment option, physical therapy seem to reduce disease consequences. Accordingly a multidisciplinary approach combining these therapies in a well balanced program may be the most promising strategy and is currently recommended in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC RED CABBAGE EXTRACT ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HYPERTHYROID RABBITS INDUCED BY L- THYROXINE

The protective effect of red cabbage extracts against hyperthyroid induced by Lthyroxine in male rabbits was studied. Forty animals were divided randomly into four groups. Group A: Healthy rabbits, Group B: Healthy rabbits received (100 mg/kg.b.w) red cabbage extract, Group C: hyperthyroid rabbits were given an oral dose of (20µg/kg b.w) L-thyroxine once daily for four weeks to induce hyperthyroidism and group D: hyperthyroid rabbits received red cabbage extract. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. The obtained results revealed that hyperthyroid rabbits induced by L-thyroxine had significant increase(P<0.01) in serum levels of triodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, compared to the normal control group. Oral administration red cabbage extract caused significant reduction in serum levels of T3, T4 as well as MDA and produced significant increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), GSH, GPX, SOD and CAT, compared to the positive group. Red cabbage treatment suppresses the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that experimental hyperthyroidism is accompanied with increased oxidative stress and with the consumption of antioxidant enzymes in induced oxidative aggressions. A protective effect of red cabbage extract on oxidative stress induced by excessive administration of thyroid hormones were detected and for the first time anti hyperthyroid activity was observed.
Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding of Soybean

Introduction, James Orf Classical Breeding and Genetics of Soybean, Andrew M. Scaboo, Pengyin Chen, David A. Sleper, and Kerry M. Clark Identification of Genes Underlying Simple Traits in Soybean, David Lightfoot Molecular Genetic Linkage Maps of Soybean, Sachiko Isobe and Satoshi Tabata Molecular Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci, Dechun Wang and David Grant Molecular Breeding, David R. Walker, Maria J. Monteros, and Jennifer L. Yates Map-Based Cloning of Genes and QTLs in Soybean, Madan K. Bhattacharyya Candidate Gene Analysis of Mutant Soybean Germplasm, R.E. Dewey and P. Zhang Functional Genomics-Transcriptomics in Soybean, Sangeeta Dhaubhadel, Frederic Marsolais, Jennifer Tedman-Jones, and Mark Gijzen The Draft Soybean Genome Sequence, Jeremy Schmutz, Steven B. Cannon, Therese Mitros, Will Nelson, Shengqiang Shu, David Goodstein, and Dan Rokhsar Soybean Comparative Genomics, Jianxin Ma, Steven Cannon, Scott A. Jackson, and Randy C. Shoemaker Role of Bioinformatics as a Tool, Julie M. Livingstone, Kei Chin C. Cheng, and Martina V. Stromvik Soybean Proteomics, Savithiry S. Natarajan, Thomas J. Caperna, Wesley M. Garrett, and Devanand L. Luthria Metabolomics Approach in Soybean, Takuji Nakamura, Keiki Okazaki, Noureddine Benkeblia, Jun Wasaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Hideyuki Matsuura, Hirofumi Uchimiya, Setsuko Komatsu, and Takuro Shinano Soybean Future Prospects, Ed Ready
Systemic idazoxan impairs performance in a non-reversal shift test: implications for the role of the central noradrenergic systems in selective attention

Two experiments examined the effect of pharmacological stimulation of the locus coeruleus in a non-reversal shift paradigm to test predictions concerning the role of the ceruleo-cortical noradrenergic system in processes of selective attention. Food-deprived rats were trained to make either visual (experiment 1) or spatial (experiment 2) discriminations in a parallel alley with both sets of cues being present at all times. Two groups of rats received treatments of either 2 mg/kg i.p. of the selective α2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan or saline control injections before each daily block of trials. Following attainment of criterion, the reinforcement contingencies were altered according to a non-reversal shift design, so that the alternative (i.e. either spatial or visual) set of cues now predicted reward. Rats treated with idazoxan were not impaired in the acquisition of either the spatial or visual discrimination task, but they were impaired in both forms of non-reversal shift. These deficits are interpreted as resulting from narrowed attention in idazoxan-treated rats, thus supporting a selective attention hypothesis of locus coeruleus function.
virus reverse transcriptase sequence variant database for sequence nalysis and mutation discovery

Drug resistance resulting from reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations is one of the main obstacles to successful hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy. Indeed, HBV treatment guidelines recommend HBV genotypic resistance testing for patients receiving nucleos(t)ide RT inhibitors (N(t)RTIs) who develop virological failure. N(t)RTI-resistance mutations at 10 RT positions have been well characterized in phenotypic studies, however, data are lacking on the relative frequency of these mutations in N(t)RTI-treated and untreated individuals. There are also few published data on the extent of amino acid variation at most of the 344 positions of HBV RT and the extent to which this variation is influenced by N(t)RTI treatment. We retrieved 23,871 HBV RT sequences from GenBank and reviewed the published reports of these sequences to ascertain the number of individuals from whom the sequences were obtained, the N(t)RTI treatments of these individuals, and the year and region of virus sampling. We then used these data to populate a relational database we named HBVrtDB. As of July 2010, HBVrtDB contained 6811 sequences from 3869 individuals reported in 281 references. Among these 3869 individuals, 73% were N(t)RTI-naïve and 27% received one or more N(t)RTIs. Among the 10 well-characterized N(t)RTI-resistance mutations, L80I/V, V173L, L180M, A181T, T184S, S202G and M204I/V were significantly associated with treatment with lamivudine, an l-nucleoside analog, and A181S/T/V and N236T were significantly associated with treatment with adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate. A similar analysis of ten additional less wellcharacterized resistance mutations demonstrated a significant association with N(t)RTI treatment for four of the mutations: L82M, S85A, A200V, and Q215S. We also created an interactive program, HBVseq, to enable users to identify mutations in submitted sequences and retrieve the prevalence of these mutations in HBVrtDB according to genotype and N(t)RTI treatment. HBVrtDB and HBVseq are available at /HBV http://hivdb.stanford. edu
Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase predict mid‐term infarct size and left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: A cardiac MR study

To assess the relation of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase (CK) release with infarct size and left ventricular function evaluated during the subacute phase as well as four months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by contrast‐enhanced MRI (CE‐MRI).