Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of the Research Assistants Regarding Local Anaesthetics and Toxicity.

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular system depression, respiratory arrest, coma, convulsions, loss of consciousness, muscle twitching, blurred vision, vertigo, dizziness and numbness of the tongue can be seen in local anaesthetic toxicity. Treatment includes 20% lipid solutions, airway control, symptomatic treatment for arrhythmia and convulsions. The aim of this study is to present the knowledge of research assistants, who used local anaesthetics in daily practice, regarding these medications and toxicity treatment and to raise awareness. METHODS The questionnaire comprising 20 questions was administered to 115 research assistants who worked at different specialities in our hospital. RESULTS One hundred and two (88.6%) research assistants answered the questionnaire. Participants' mean age was 28.93 years. Most of them were from the Emergency Department (15.7%). A total of 40.6% of participants worked for 2-5 years at their departments. Local anaesthetics were used in daily practice for 44.4% of them, but 70.3% of them had not been educated about local anaesthetics. Research assistants from anaesthesiology and reanimation participated at a significantly higher rate than other departments (76.9%), in terms of training programs regarding local anaesthetics. While the most popular answers about early toxicity symptoms were anaphylaxis (12.7%) and arrthymia (12.7%), late toxicity was hepatotoxicity (10.8%). However, 87.9% of participants had never encountered local anaesthetic toxicity. The great majority of participants had never heard of lipid therapy (67.4%), and those who were aware had heard it from their trainers (52.2%). Although lipid solution was available in our hospital, only 8.4% of participants knew this. CONCLUSION We believe that additional training programs regarding local anaesthetics and toxicity are needed.
Arrangement of fiber types within fascicles of human vastus lateralis muscle

A total of 106 fascicles at 6 predetermined areas of the vastus lateralis muscle from 9 healthy men, aged 18 to 40 years, were analyzed. Fibers in a fascicle were divided into layers according to their relation to the perimysium. In each layer the proportions of type 1 and 2, subdivided into 2a, 2b, and 2c fibers were determined and normalized by the fiber type proportion in the whole fascicle. A consistent arrangement of fiber types within the fascicles was obtained, regardless of subject, sampling site, fiber type proportion, and fascicle size. A high proportion of 2b fibers on the border, a prevalence of type 1 fibers in the layer beneath, and a rather uniform distribution of 2a fibers in all layers are the main characteristics of the distribution of fibers in a fascicle. Developmental processes in fiber type differentiation most probably constitute the basis for fiber type arrangement, which can further be influenced by local factors.
Crystal structure of the pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐dependent serine dehydratase from human liver

L‐serine dehydratase (SDH), a member of the β‐family of pyridoxal phosphate‐dependent (PLP) enzymes, catalyzes the deamination of L‐serine and L‐threonine to yield pyruvate or 2‐oxobutyrate. The crystal structure of L‐serine dehydratase from human liver (hSDH) has been solved at 2.5 Å‐resolution by molecular replacement. The structure is a homodimer and reveals a fold typical for β‐family PLP‐dependent enzymes. Each monomer serves as an active unit and is subdivided into two distinct domains: a small domain and a PLP‐binding domain that covalently anchors the cofactor. Both domains show the typical open α/β architecture of PLP enzymes. Comparison with the rSDH‐(PLP‐OMS) holo‐enzyme reveals a large structural difference in active sites caused by the artifical O‐methylserine. Furthermore, the activity of hSDH‐PLP was assayed and it proved to show catalytic activity. That suggests that the structure of hSDH‐PLP is the first structure of the active natural holo‐SDH.
Leadership and trade union principles: some problems of management sponsorship and independence

Recent empirical work on shop steward activity has led to a considerable increase in knowledge of the dynamics of shopfloor bargaining. The intensive case study of two shopfloor organisations by Batstone and his colleagues is of particular significance. In this article, Paul Willman analyses the Batstone et alia framework in relation to subsequent evidence.
Medium chain Triglycerides

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) comprise saturated fatty acids with 6-10 carbons. Besides synthetic medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils there are natural sources, like coconut oil and dairy fat. Compared with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), the chemical and physical properties of MCFAs show substantial metabolic differences. MCFAs do not require binding to proteins such as fatty-acid binding protein, fatty acid transport protein, and/or fatty acid translocase (FAT, homolog to human platelet CD36). MCFAs are a preferred source of energy (β-oxidation). MCFAs are also incorporated into adipose tissue triglycerides, and may influence adipose tissue and other systemic functions more substantially than previously assumed. MCTs reduce fat mass, through down-regulation of adipogenic genes as well as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ. Recent studies confirmed the potential of MCFAs to reduce body weight and particularly body fat. This effect was not transient. MCFAs reduce lipoprotein secretion and attenuate postprandial triglyceride response. It was, however, frequently observed that MCTs increase fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels. But, given in moderate amounts, in diets with moderate fat supply, MCFAs may actually reduce fasting lipid levels more than oils rich in mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids. The same is true for glucose levels. MCTs improved several features contributing to enhanced insulin sensitivity. Under certain in vitro conditions, MCTs exert proinflammatory effects, but in vivo MCTs may reduce intestinal injury and protect from hepatotoxicity.
Predictors of Parental Consent for Adolescent Participation in Sexual Health–Related Research

The purpose of the present study was to describe the degree to which parents of adolescents were willing to grant consent for their teenagers’ participation in sexually themed research, and to link the likelihood of consent to parents’ demographics, personality traits, parenting, attitudes, and their children’s characteristics. A total of 203 parents of adolescents ages 13 to 18 years anonymously responded to an internet survey (81.7% mothers; 87% European American). Approximately 40% of respondents were possibly willing and 36% were definitely willing to provide consent for a hypothetical study covering all included sexual health topics. Parents were more likely to give consent if they were highly extraverted, viewed science positively, were not highly conservative about sexuality, and if they thought their teenager was already sexually experienced. Overall, many parents appear to be quite open to adolescent survey participation.
[Serum homocysteine levels in healthy Chilean adults].

BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is a newly recognized cardiovascular risk factor that is present in 10 to 20% of European and North American individuals. AIM To measure homocysteine levels in healthy adults in Chile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum homocysteine levels were measured in healthy adults using a fluorimetric HPLC method. Folic acid, vitamin. B12, serum lipids, creatinine and glucose were also assessed. All subjects answered a dietary habits questionnaire. RESULTS One hundred twenty eight subjects (90 female) aged 22 to 78 years old were studied. Homocysteine levels were 9.7 +/- 6.0 and 7.0 +/- 3.1 mumol/l in men and women respectively (p < 0.001). Folic acid levels were 6.1 +/- 2.7 and 6.1 +/- 2.9 ng/ml in men and women, and 24% of individuals had values below 4 ng/ml. Vitamin B12 levels were 393 +/- 147 and 393 +/- 163 pg/ml in the same groups. There was a negative correlation between homocysteine and folic acid levels and a positive correlation between homocysteine and creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine levels in healthy Chilean individuals are similar to those reported abroad. Low folic acid levels were found in 24% of subjects.
Export Information Use: A Five-Country Investigation of Key Determinants

Although information use is crucial for effective export decision making and ultimately export performance, most of the extant literature focuses on information acquisition rather than information use. Using data from a five-country survey of exporting firms, this study examines the impact of information-, export-, and context-specific variables on different types of export information use. The results show that the effects of these factors depend on the type of information use considered and the mode of information acquisition involved. The authors discuss implications of the findings and identify further research directions.
Long-Term Educational Programs in Nature Parks: Characteristics, Outcomes and Challenges.

In this study on long-term educational programs (LTP) in nature, facilitated by an environmental agency we followed two distinct programs enacted in schools and in nature parks as case studies. Data were collected through observations of activities in schools and in the outdoors and through interviews with students, teachers and facilitators. In one program there were more student-centered and hands on activities and substantial environmental action. In the other program it was the students’ first experience with outdoor and environmental education, and the teachers were more active in the outdoors as “story tellers” and role models. In this program, the students brought up their own concern of littering rather than following the environmental agency’s concern of illegal herb harvesting. In general, in both programs the participant students expressed high satisfaction, and indicated learning about the environment. We found as well limited collaboration between the operating environmental organization and the schools and no connection to the school curriculum. Post priori, teachers as well as the environmental educators acknowledged the need to address the school curriculum and to better involve the teachers.
Reproduction of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in harems

Adult monkeys caught in the wild were housed in 2 harems and used for breeding during 7 successive years. Monkeys born in captivity and reared in the parental groups or in peer groups were also used for breeding. The live birth production rate amounted to 80% and reproduction was stable over the 7 year period. All but one of the females born in captivity showed normal maternal behaviour towards their firstborn infants. Aggression between females, breech deliveries, infanticide and reluctance of the male to copulate with females which grew up in his harem, were significant factors that reduced productivity.
Factors that play a role in “managing through measures”

Organisations devote time and effort to the development of strategic performance measurement (SPM) systems. Many articles have been written on how to design and implement this type of system. However, few studies have addressed the issue of why some organisations are better able to “manage through measures” than others. Why do some organisations struggle to ensure that action follows measurement, whilst others systematically use their metrics to inform their decision‐making processes, and their subsequently actions? Specifically, it is unclear what critical factors play a role in enabling organisations to effectively use their SPM system. To gain an understanding of these factors, 24 practitioners were interviewed. This paper presents the analysed evidence from those interviews and its implications for practice.
Cerebrovascular abnormalities in a population of children with neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with vasculopathy, which may result in a variety of cerebrovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of cerebrovascular disease in a pediatric population with NF1. Of 316 patients with NF1 who underwent brain MRI, 8 (2.5%) children were reported to have an abnormality of the cerebrovascular system, including narrowed or ectatic vessels, vascular stenoses, aneurysm, and moyamoya.
Measuring the Mortgage Market's Convexity Needs

Fixed-income market participants have become keenly aware that movements in Treasury rates are amplified by hedging activities arising from of the mortgage market. That is, as interest rates rise or fall, mortgage market convexity hedgers are forced to sell or buy bonds, which then exacerbates interest rate moves. Certain structural changes in the fixed-income market have over time resulted in more convexity hedging. Different types of convexity hedgers—investors, servicers, and originators—have differing convexity needs. Convexity hedging needs are much more muted in a high rate environment. The authors look at the total convexity needs of the market over time, with particular emphasis on Summer 2003, when rates rose considerably in a short time, and market participants attributed the rise to the impact of the convexity hedgers.
Strategic global human resource management research in the twenty-first century: an endorsement of the mixed-method research methodology

Global competition is rapidly becoming the norm in which nearly all business organizations must compete in one fashion or another. The complexity and value of strategic global human resource management (SGHRM) will continue to compound in significance as globalization becomes the predominate form of business. Both practitioners and researchers maintain the grapple with understanding the global phenomena and the resulting impact on the entire human resource management system. Previously, researchers' maintained research programmes utilizing Western-style theories and methods, which were predominantly quantitative, to explore phenomena that may now be inappropriate. These methods and theories frequently do not capture the ‘fabric’ of global phenomena that include complex interactions of culture, institutions, societal norms and government regulations, among a few concerns. The mixed methods approach is proposed to add the ‘fabric’ required, illustrating the depth and flexibility needed to explore the SGHRM issues. Mixed methods are a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches that maintain methodological rigour as well as measures for reliability and validity. This paper explores the current methods, the reasons for their lack of success in portraying the depth of the phenomena and why the mixed methods approach appears to be a superior method for research for the SGHRM field.
Comparisons of food availability and group density of Japanese macaques in primary, naturally regenerated, and plantation forests

We compared food availability and group density of Japanese macaques in Yakushima, southern Japan, among primary forest and two habitats that had been disturbed by logging and had different regeneration histories. The study was conducted in an undisturbed national park, forest that was logged 7–18 years ago and later naturally regenerated, and forest that was logged 19–27 years ago and later planted with Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) trees. The plantation forest was primarily composed of large Cryptomeria japonica trees at low stand density, while the naturally regenerated forest was composed of many small trees. The total basal area and number of trees in the primary forest were comparable to those in the plantation forest. Annual fruit production was greatest in the naturally regenerated forest, intermediate in the primary forest, and negligible in the plantation forest. Herb availability was high in the naturally regenerated forest, but low in the primary and plantation forests. The group density of Japanese macaques was high in the naturally regenerated forest, intermediate in the primary forest, and low in the plantation forest. Since group size in the naturally regenerated forest was small, individual density was almost the same as in the primary forest. These results suggest that the effects of regeneration on macaques vary between the two habitats. The plantation forest consisted mostly of Cryptomeria japonica, which supplies only flowers as food in a limited season, and had a lower density of macaques. On the other hand, in the naturally regenerated forest, fruit production and herb availability were high (probably because of the enhanced light conditions after logging), and the density of macaques was as high as in the primary forest. Am. J. Primatol. 66:245–262, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anoxia survival in common carp and crucian carp is related to high zinc concentration in tissues

Ten lots of common carp and six lots of crucian carp (each lot of 100 fish) were treated under anoxia for five days at water temperatures of 25–31°C. The average per group mortality of common carp was 17%, but none of the 600 crucian carp died. The digestive tract tissues of the common carp that died had significantly lower zinc concentrations than those that survived (59±41 vs 142±60 μg/[g fresh tissue], P<0.001). The digestive tract tissues of the crucian carp had mean zinc concentrations of 652±458 μg/(g fresh tissue). One lot of common carp that had low tolerance for anoxia was fed a high zinc diet (2000 mg zinc/kg diet) for 1, 2 or 6 months and then subjected to 5 days anoxia. The survival rates of those fed the high zinc diet 1 and 2 months increased from 0 to 50%, respectively; all of fish that had fed a high zinc diet for 6 months survived. Thus, anoxia survival in common carp and crucian carp is closely related to the high concentrations of zinc in their tissues.
Risk Management with Leverage: Evidence from Project Finance

Abstract We examine capital structures of 2,572 project-financed investments in 124 countries for the period 1997–2006. In contrast to the general prediction of the trade-off theory, we find that project companies use more leverage when project risk is high, but they use less leverage in the presence of risk-reducing features including offtake agreements. Project companies use less leverage and instead rely more on offtake agreements when the control benefits of cash flow from the project are high, suggesting that leverage and contract structures in the project company are important hedging mechanisms.
The Asymmetric Impact of Growth Fluctuation on Human Development: Evidence from Correlates of Growth Decelerations and Accelerations

This paper studies the impact of growth fluctuation on human development indicators using country level panel data between 1980 and 2009. The evidence from mean comparison and regression analysis suggests that, globally and on average, periods of decelerating economic growth are correlated with worse indicators of health and education outcomes and that the reverse happens for periods of growth accelerations. However, in line with the findings from the literature, these effects are asymmetric: things do not improve as much during good times as they worsen during bad times. And the negative effects of growth collapses are severe for developing countries, especially for Least Developed Countries, along with little or no improvement during good times.
Plasma omentin and adiponectin levels as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in normal weight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

It is suggested that disturbed adipokines release plays a role in PCOS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess plasma levels of omentin and adiponectin as well as the omentin to adiponectin ratio, as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in relation to hormonal or metabolic changes in PCOS.
Ambivalent Statements in Contingent Valuation Studies: Inclusive Response Formats and Giving Respondents Time to Think

A recent concern in the valuation literature is the uncertainty respondents feel when posed with willingness-to-pay questions for environmental amenities in hypothetical market scenarios. Using a multiple-bounded discrete-choice format, the results indicate that respondents become less ambivalent when allowed considerable time to think about the valuation task before a response is elicited. In particular they tend to reduce the reported willingness to pay associated with low certainty of paying, hence resulting in more conservative welfare estimates. Implications for the application of environmental valuation techniques are discussed.
ISOLIQUIRITIGENIN INHIBITS THE PROLIFERATION AND INDUCES THE APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN NON‐SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER A549 CELLS

1. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural pigment with the simple chalcone structure 4,2′,4′‐trihydroxychalcone. In the present study, we report, for the first time, ISL‐induced inhibition of the proliferation of the human non‐small cell lung cancer A549 cell line.
How Long a Honeymoon? The Effect of New Stadiums on Attendance in Major League Baseball

Using panel data of MLB team attendance from 1950 to 2002, we determined that the attendance “honeymoon” effect of a new stadium—after separating quality-of-play effects—increases attendance by 32% to 37% the opening year of a new stadium. Attendance remains above baseline levels for only two seasons for multipurpose stadiums built during 1960 to 1974 but for 6 to 10 seasons at newer ballparks. Contrary to expectations, there is no systematic interaction between new venues and team performance on attendance or stadium revenues. This noncomplementarity implies that a profit-maximizing team owner would not use a new stadium’s revenue stream to increase team quality of play.
Ion transport across the jejunum in normal and cystic fibrosis mice.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) mice created by targeted disruption of the murine cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene lack adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated Cl- secretion and exhibit marked intestinal complications secondary to inadequate fluid secretion. The basal short-circuit current (Isc) in the normal murine jejuna [43.2 +/- 5.9 microA.cm-2, n = 10 (mean +/- SE)] exhibits marked spontaneous n = 10 (mean +/- SE)] exhibits marked spontaneous oscillations (amplitude = 47.9 microA.cm-2, n = 18), which were completely absent in the CF jejunum. Treatment of normal jejuna with the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin completely eliminated the oscillations and decreased the Isc to levels not significantly different from the low basal Isc (5.4 +/- 2.8 microA.cm-2, n = 16) exhibited by CF tissue. Ion substitution studies revealed basal Isc in normal jejuna to be due primarily to Cl- secretion but these tissues appeared to be capable of HCO3- secretion as well. In contrast, CF jejuna spontaneously secreted neither Cl- nor HCO3-, which may indicate that CF jejuna have a defect in the ability to secrete both of these anions. Apical glucose elicited an electrogenic absorption of Na+ of identical magnitude in normal and CF jejuna. Without apical glucose, CF jejuna exhibited a very small Isc response to forskolin (delta 2.2 +/- 0.67 microA.cm-2, n = 10). However, in the presence of apical glucose, forskolin elicited an eightfold greater Isc response in the CF tissue (delta 17.2 +/- 4.8 microA.cm-2, n = 9). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)