Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of user behavior for user re-authentication

The research presented addresses the problem of insider threat mitigation and detection in computer security. The underlying hypothesis is that one can successfully model user behavior on the basis of user's inputs and on GUI changes as a response to those inputs. In particular, the goal is to determine to what extent users can be characterized by their mouse movements, keystroke dynamics and GUI events. The implemented system raises an alarm when the current behavior of user U, deviates sufficiently from learned “normal” behavior of user U. A closed-setting deployment scenario is assumed and a supervised learning algorithm is applied to discriminate among N users. The strength of the keystroke, mouse and GUI classifier, individually and in combination, is investigated on a set of 61 users. The results obtained show that by combining all three sources of information one can differentiate these individuals with a false positive rate of 14.47% and a false negative rate of 1.78% with the detection time of 2.20 minutes (if user utilized I/O devices). Experiments with a second dataset of 73 users illustrate that even if all users are given an identical task—in this case filling in a form word-by-word from a template—they can still be discriminated. The scalability of the system is examined to determine how well the approach scales to more users or to a scenario where one cannot know the behavior of all users in advance and therefore wants to discriminate between whether it is or is not the valid user. Finally, the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the system are investigated in the presence of a limited amount of data for the profile of user.
Supply chain strategy for companies in the luxury-fashion market: Aligning the supply chain towards the critical success factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how it is possible to take into account the objectives that fashion-luxury companies pursue on the final market (i.e. critical success factors (CSF) – of luxury) and propagate them in the upstream steps of the supply chain (SC) in order to understand how the latter can be aligned to the market. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive literature review allowed the identification of SC objectives. Case studies were used in order to asses choices and practices applied along the SC of luxury companies were assessed through in depth case studies; hence, the relationship between choices/practices, SC objectives and luxury CSF was explored. Findings – The paper documents that success in the luxury market not only depends on branding and marketing but also on the choices made along the SC, to the point that it is possible to identify some SC choices and practices that support the achievement of luxury CSF. Research limitations/implications – The results presented .
Gender Differences in Schizotypic Features in a Large Sample of Young Adults

Research with self-report measures of schizotypic or psychosis-prone features in nonclinical populations suggests that, similarly to schizophrenic populations, males score higher on more “negative” schizotypic features and females score higher on more “positive” schizotypic features. We administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and the Chapman Scales of Psychosis Proneness—impulsivity/nonconformity, magical ideation, perceptual aberration, physical anhedonia, and social anhedonia—to a large, nonclinical, young adult sample (N = 1179: 453 males and 726 females). Results indicated increased negative symptomatology in males compared with females, but not increased positive symptomatology in females compared with males. Findings on Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire factors suggested that interpersonal deficits differed by gender as well. Finally, a measure of impulsive behavior and nonconformity not typically associated with negative symptomatology indicated gender differences not predicted by a negative/positive dichotomy.
Agency–Client Relationship Factors Across Life-Cycle Stages

ABSTRACT When an individual or an organization employs an advertising agency to assist in undertaking promotional activities, a number of factors are involved to ensure that the agency–client relationship runs smoothly. However, for the advertiser, as the relationship develops there can be changes in attitudes toward the advertising agency. This paper analyzes the responses of 82 advertisers regarding different elements in the advertising agency–client relationship and compares them across 4 stages in the agency–client life cycle: (a) Inception, (b) Development, (c) Maintenance, and (d) Dissolution. The results of the survey provide some implications to assist in the understanding of agency–client relationships at different times of the life cycle.
Improving satisfaction with bank service offerings: measuring the contribution of each delivery channel

This article presents the results of a qualitative study of a Portuguese bank regarding customer use of Internet banking integrated in a multi‐channel offering that includes high street branches, telephone banking, and automatic teller machines. The results show that performance evaluation is a key factor influencing channel use. Customers tend to use the different service delivery systems in a complementary way, taking into account their assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Customer characteristics, and the type of financial operation, are also identified as important factors influencing this process. These results indicate that, in a multi‐channel context, customer satisfaction with Internet services depends not only on the performance of this channel in isolation, but also on how it contributes to satisfaction with the overall service offering.
The Effectiveness of China’s Anti-Money Laundering Policies

It is a controversial issue as to how to assess the effectiveness of the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime on the global arena. Based upon around 9,000 questionnaires circulated to AML professionals and other related staffs at the branches of banking institutions and People’s Bank of China as well, this study has acquired first hand data from respondents, and come up with following key findings. For the effectiveness of the whole AML system, it is rated as “largely effective” in respects to China’s legislation, regulation and supervision, suspicious transaction monitoring and analyses, administrative investigation, yet, it is rated as “basically effective” in respect to money laundering prosecutions and convictions, international cooperation. For the financial intuitions’ compliance with AML regulations, it is rated as “largely effective” in respects to internal control, customer’s identification, large-value transaction and suspicious transaction reporting, the record-keeping of ID information and transactions. Statistically, 58.48％ respondents think that the China’s AML regime is “completely effective” or “largely effective”, 35.21％ think that it is “basically effective”, with the remaining 4.68％ “largely ineffective” or “completely ineffective”. In conclusion, some policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness are proposed.
Beyond Adoption: Development and Application of a Use-Diffusion Model

The study tests a use-diffusion model in the context of home technology use. The authors combine two constructs, variety and rate of use, to yield four user segments. The results show that user segments vary on the basis of social context and technological makeup of the household as well as personal factors and external influences. Furthermore, user segments differ with regard to users’ satisfaction with technology and interest in acquiring future technologies.
A Service Perspective on the Marketization of Undergraduate Education

Higher education in the United States is rapidly moving toward a marketized model of service provision, one emphasizing marketing practices based upon relevance and student satisfaction. The results of the study reported herein suggest that such strategies may not ensure equal balance between service quality and the quality of education as a service. Specifically, a study is presented suggesting that grades (an indicant of learning) are neither endogenous (positively related to) nor exogenous (antecedent to) a typical service quality/customer satisfaction model vis-a-vis Introduction to Marketing courses. If student service quality perceptions, satisfaction judgments, and engagement practices are indeed unrelated to grades at the classroom level, then a question exists as to how well a focus on student satisfaction (and relevance) actually engender student involvement in the value co-creation process in education delivery. The following study suggests diligence in balancing the quality of the educational service versus service quality practices within the context of the marketization of education, and continued efforts by service marketers to better understand the unique service marketing characteristics of the educational product. The research and managerial implications of the reported study are presented and discussed. [ Service Science , ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3. ]
How Advertising Works: What Do We Really Know?

The authors review more than 250 journal articles and books to establish what is and should be known about how advertising affects the consumer—how it works. They first deduce a taxonomy of models, discuss the theoretical principles of each class of models, and summarize their empirical findings. They then synthesize five generalizations about how advertising works and propose directions for further research. Advertising effects are classified into intermediate effects, for example, on consumer beliefs and attitudes, and behavioral effects, which relate to purchasing behavior, for example, on brand choice. The generalizations suggest that there is little support for any hierarchy, in the sense of temporal sequence, of effects. The authors propose that advertising effects should be studied in a space, with affect, cognition, and experience as the three dimensions. Advertising's positioning in this space should be determined by context, which reflects advertising's goal diversity, product category, competition, other aspects of mix, stage of product life cycle, and target market.
Experiencing Work at Different Organisational Levels

This study looks at the differences in organisational attitudes among the different managerial levels in a government organisation in Turkey. A total of 172 professionals participated in the study and they were grouped into different organisational levels. The levels were arranged according to the conventional status perceptions in organisations. The sample was grouped into five levels: 1) top management, 2) second to top, 3) middle management, 4) the non-managerial level, 5) professionals. The professionals working in the different departments of the organisation were grouped under the title of professionals. They included lawyers, engineers, etc. The survey consists of 80 questions relating to various aspects of organisational life. As expected, the levels were significantly different from each other on a number of attitudes according to ANCOVA results. The demographic variables were used as covariates. Specifically, top management had more positive attitude towards job than the other layers of management. Interestingly, there was no difference between management and non-management in terms of pay satisfaction, attitudes towards ISO 9002 training, experienced stress, skill utilization, and satisfaction with the physical conditions. The lowest mean among the 10 sub-factors belongs to the pay satisfaction for all levels. This is the usual trend in Turkey among the public sector employees. The results of the study indicate that management and non-management can be different in experiencing the organisational life and it is in the interest of the organisation to make lower levels have a more positive experience in the organisations for better organisational life and productivity.
News use of mobile media: A contingency model

A mobile contingency model is introduced and used to guide hypotheses about how the strength of people’s habits for using an incumbent medium (here, print newspapers), their degree of adoption of a newer medium (mobile devices), and their attitudes about the importance of professional news sources, influence their use of mobile devices for communication functions including entertainment, interpersonal communication, following news, financial transactions, and e-commerce. Secondary analysis of a 2012 U.S. national phone survey is employed. Older respondents use mobile devices less for all functions, including following news, tend to be loyal print subscribers, and highly agree that it is important for news to be produced by professional news sources. However, when the effect of age is controlled, higher levels of education, and to a lesser extent, income, still significantly predict agreement about the importance of professional news sources. The results demonstrate the crucial impact of news attitudes, and are largely supportive of the mobile contingency model. The most important practical implication is that newspaper companies should be targeting their mobile applications not to their subscribers, but rather to nonsubscribers who have adopted mobile devices, are highly educated, and have higher incomes.
Dopamine Transporters Are Phosphorylated on N-terminal Serines in Rat Striatum*

Dopamine transporters (DATs) are neuronal phosphoproteins that clear dopamine from the synaptic cleft. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and inhibition of protein phosphatases by okadaic acid (OA) increase phosphorylation of DAT and lead to concomitant reduction in DAT activity and cell surface expression. Numerous potential sites for phosphorylation are present on DAT, but the sites utilized and their relationship to transport regulation are currently unknown. We used peptide mapping and epitope-specific immunoprecipitation to identify the region of DAT that undergoes phosphorylation in rat striatal tissue. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that basal and stimulated samples were phosphorylated primarily on serine. Digestion of32PO4-labeled DAT with trypsin and immunoprecipitation with N- or C-terminal specific antisera failed to isolate phosphopeptide fragments corresponding to photoaffinity-labeled fragments that contain all internal interhelical loops. However, digestion of 32PO4-labeled DAT with endoproteinase asp-N and immunoprecipitation with an N-terminal antiserum extracted two phosphopeptide fragments from both basal and PKC/OA-stimulated samples, demonstrating that the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail is a major site of phosphorylation. Aminopeptidase treatment of PKC- and/or OA-stimulated DAT cleaved essentially all32PO4 label without proteolysis extending past transmembrane domains 1 and 2, providing further evidence that most phosphorylation sites are near the N terminus and not in intracellular loops or C-terminal domains. In situ proteolysis of the N-terminal tail indicates that the majority of stimulated phosphorylation sites are N-terminal to an antibody epitope at residues 42–59. Two-dimensional analysis of purified protein produced three tryptic phosphopeptides that may result from phosphorylation of multiple sites, but the fragments did not co-migrate with synthetic tryptic peptides phosphorylated at serines 2 and 4. These results indicate that most or all of the basal and stimulated phosphorylation of DAT in striatal tissue occurs on one or more residues in a group of six serines clustered near the distal end of the cytoplasmic N terminus.
Using social networks as a catalyst for change in global higher education marketing and recruiting

Higher education institutes (HEIs) throughout the world are recognising the potential of using social networking as an outreach method for their marketing and recruiting campaigns and can serve as a catalyst for strategic change within the education sector. This study researched 90 universities in Asia, Africa and Europe to their use of social networking for educational recruiting and marketing. Results showed that HEIs in certain geographic areas do use it, but results are inconsistent among the globe. The innovative functionality provided by social networking has challenged HEI officials who may be inexperienced at utilising the full potential of these sites to better serve the school and its stakeholders. However, it is important that HEIs integrate the use of social media into their marketing programmes in order to better reach their intended audiences and provide for a more successful education experience for students.
Long-Term Influence of Prepubertal Testicular Torsion on Spermatogenesis

Purpose: To study the influence of prepubertal unilateral testicular torsion on spermatogenesis postpubertally. Methods: Sixty prepubertal SD male rats were divided into 6 groups. In each group, animal suffered different courses of unilateral testicular torsion including sham operation, 2- and 6-hour-long torsion, and permanent torsion. Salvia miltiorrhiza was injected as a remedy to release the I/R injury in the 2- and 6-hour-long torted groups. Postpubertally, the percentage of DNA content of haploid cells in the testes was determined individually. Results: The percentage of haploid cells in the sham operation group was 76.5 ± 1.9%. The number decreased in every other group (p < 0.01). Comparing with the same course of torsion, Salvia miltiorrhiza injection could improve the percentage of haploid cells (p < 0.01). In the permanent unilateral testicular torted group, the percentage was nearly zero (0.4 ± 0.2%). Conclusions: Prepubertal unilateral testicular torsion induces decreased spermatogenesis postpubertally. The result takes place in the bilateral testes. Salvia miltiorrhiza, as an antioxidant remedy, could relieve the injury which manifests improved spermatogenesis.
Product Customization via Starting Solutions

Customizing a product by choosing each of its attributes individually tends to be onerous for consumers, and the benefits of product customization may thus be offset by an increase in choice complexity. As a remedy for this dilemma, the current research introduces the customization via starting solutions (CvSS) architecture, which substantially reduces the complexity of product customization while preserving all of its advantages. Under CvSS, consumers first select one starting solution from a set of prespecified products, which they then refine to create their final customized product. Evidence from nine studies (three of which were conducted in field settings) across a wide range of product domains (shirts, cars, vacation packages, jewelry, and financial products) shows that the CvSS architecture results in substantial benefits relative to the standard attribute-by-attribute product customization format for both consumers (increased satisfaction with their product choices, reduced choice complexity, and enhanced mental simulation of product use) and firms (purchases of more feature-rich, and thus higher-priced, products).
Simulations of Ion Thruster Plume&#8211;Spacecraft Interactions on Parallel Supercomputer

A parallel three-dimensional electrostatic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code is developed for large-scale simulations of ion thruster plume-spacecraft interactions on parallel supercomputers. This code is based on a newly developed immersed finite-element (IFE) PIC. The IFE-PIC is designed to handle complex boundary conditions accurately while maintaining the computational speed of the standard PIC code. Domain decomposition is used in both field solve and particle push to divide the computation among processors. A high-resolution simulation of multiple ion thruster plume interactions for a realistic spacecraft using a domain enclosing the entire solar array panel is carried out to demonstrate the capability of the code. A standard finite-difference PIC (FD-PIC) code is also parallelized for comparison. Both the IFE-PIC and FD-PIC run with similar overall speed, and the IFE-PIC achieves a high parallel efficiency of ges 90%
The Family Business on the SSE : Family Ownership's Impact on a Valuation Process

The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the differences between family and non-family businesses that are listed on the stock exchange, more specifically which factors that is being used in the valuation process and why family businesses as a rule seem to be undervalued. We also look at if family ownership is a factor in this process.By conducting interviews with analysts and journalists working with valuation we hope to be able to not only find out what factors differ but also why family busi-nesses are undervalued.Our conclusion is that while the two forms of ownership has several negative factors that differ between them that are more common among family businesses, such as conservative dividend policy, this is not connected to the family business as a form but is rather an individual factor differing from company to company. Family ownership as such was however not in any way a factor in the valuation since the valuations instead looks at the individual company and does not generalize.
Genetic polymorphism in "mixed" colonies of wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern Finland and its possible origin

Wood ant colonies that appear to consist of individuals representing different species are described in several previous papers. The present study is the first to elucidate the genetic basis of the spectacular morphological variability observed within such colonies. Two seemingly mixed colonies (FM-1 and FM-2) from southern Finland were investigated. On the basis of the morphology of their workers these colonies were comprised of individuals with phenotypes typical of Formica rufa L. , F. polyctena Forst. , and F. aquilonia Yarr. The sequence of an mtDNA fragment (5' end of the cytochrome b gene) was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes of workers from homogeneous colonies of different wood ant species and the two supposedly mixed colonies, and to sort the individuals within the colonies into matrilines. Six microsatellite loci were used to analyse the genetic differentiation between colonies and among workers within colonies, and to detect putative hybrids. The results show that, independently of their phenotype, workers from the "mixed" colonies were genetically more similar to other individuals in their colony than to those in the homogeneous F. rufa, F. polyctena or F. aquilonia colonies. However, while colony FM-1 consisted of offspring of the same queen or more likely several maternally related queens, colony FM-2 consisted of the offspring of at least four unrelated queens. The data suggest hybridisation between F. polyctena × F. aquilonia and F. polyctena × F. rufa (and possibly subsequent mating between these hybrids) as the most probable mechanism leading to the existence of these two colonies, which implies that the hybrids are fertile. This study shows that colonies of wood ant hybrids can arise spontaneously and persist under natural conditions. The results also revealed that even some morphologically homogeneous colonies are genetically heterogeneous. In the case of closely related, morphologically similar species that interbreed, morphology can be a bad predictor of genetic differences between individuals.