Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Reports of Parenting in Depressed Adults With and Without Comorbid Panic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder

Previous research has examined the role of parenting in the development of depression and anxiety disorders using retrospective reports of parenting behaviors. However, most studies have not considered comorbidity; the few that have did not differentially examine individual anxiety disorders and yielded inconsistent results. The present study compared retrospective parenting reports given by depressed individuals with no comorbid anxiety disorder, comorbid panic disorder, and comorbid social anxiety disorder. Results indicated that depressed men with panic disorder reported significantly greater maternal and nonsignificantly greater paternal protectiveness than depressed men without panic disorder but not than depressed women with and without panic disorder. No differences were found for the retrospective parenting reports given by depressed participants with or without social anxiety disorder. This work highlights the importance of examining specific anxiety disorders rather than grouping all depressed patients with any anxiety disorder together, as well as examining males and females separately when investigating the influence of parental behavior.
Beta-Amyloid Deposition in the Temporal Lobe of Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Comparison with Non-Demented Cases and Alzheimer’s Disease

β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition in regions of the temporal lobe in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was compared with elderly, non-demented (ND) cases and with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The distribution, density and clustering patterns of diffuse, primitive and classic Aβ deposits were similar in ‘pure’ DLB and ND cases. The distribution of Aβ deposits and the densities of the diffuse and primitive deposits were similar in ‘mixed’ DLB/AD cases compared with AD. However, the density of the classic deposits was significantly lower in DLB/AD compared with AD. In addition, the primitive Aβ deposits occurred more often in small, regularly spaced clusters in the tissue and less often in a single large cluster in DLB/AD compared with ‘pure’ AD. These results suggest that pure DLB and AD are distinct disorders which can coexist in some patients. However, the Aβ pathology of DLB/AD cases is not identical to that observed in patients with AD alone.
Reliable transfer of multiple perforator‐based pedicled flaps: Surgical technique and clinical outcomes

Although an increase in flap perfusion by incorporating multiple perforators has been demonstrated with free perforator flaps, whether the same efficacy can be achieved with pedicled flaps remains unclear, due to concerns regarding pedicle tension or kinking during flap transposition. The aim of this report was to investigate the reliability of multiple perforator‐based pedicled flaps in a series of clinical cases.
Depression in Adults Who Sustained Spinal Cord Injuries as Children or Adolescents

Abstract Study design: Interview survey. Objective: To assess depression in adults with pediatric–onset spinal cord injuries (SCI) and to determine demographic and injury–related factors, and outcomes associated with depression, and to determine which other outcomes are associated with depression. Methods: Subjects were adults with pediatric-onset SCI who sustained SCI at age =18 years and were interviewed at age =24 years. This is part of a longitudinal study for which there were 864 eligible participants; 353 (41%) were interviewed. Of these, 232 were assessed for depression. A telephone interview was conducted that included a structured questionnaire and standardized measures (Functional Independence Measure, Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, Short-Form 12 measure of healthrelated quality of life, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 to screen for depression). Results: Twenty–seven percent reported depressive symptoms ranging from mild to severe, and 7% reported having suicidal thoughts within the last 2 weeks, and 3= reported symptoms consistent with probable major depressive disorder (MDD). Depression was not significantly associated with any demographic factors but it was associated with incomplete injury (P = 0.013). Depression was also associated with many participation outcomes, health–related quality of life, life satisfaction, and medical complications. Conclusions: Depression is a significant problem among adults with pediatric–onset SCI and is associated with poorer outcomes and lower quality of life. These findings should be addressed as clinicians prepare children and adolescents with SCI to transition to adulthood
Partial Tolerant State Against H‐2 Disparate Cells

Injection of CBA mice with H‐2‐compatible lymphoid cells from C3H hybrids induces a specific reduction of the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response of their lymphoytes. This is not the case after injection of H‐2‐disparate C3H‐hybrid cells, presumably because they are rapidly eliminated due to the immune response of the host. This investigation shows that CBA mice injected with CBA × C57B1 cells (H‐2‐disparate) at an age of 0–3 days, but not older, develop a specifically reduced MLC response after infusion of C3H × C57B1 cells as adults, indicating that they were tolerant to the C57B1‐determined antigens. However, lymphocytes from such mice showed a normal reactivity against C57B1 as assessed by MLC, graft‐versus‐host tests, and capacity to produce specific antibodies.
CAG repeat expansion in Huntington disease determines age at onset in a fully dominant fashion

Editor's Note: In Writ e Click this week, in reference to “CAG repeat expansion in Huntington disease determines age at onset in a fully dominant fashion” by Lee et al., Drs. Aziz and Roos question the study's use of motor onset as the only marker for disease onset. The authors clarify the rationale behind their methodology. Drs. Meng, Zhang, and Kao ask authors Klein et al. about the differences between the neuronal connectivity networks of the STN and VIM in reference to their recent study on deep brain stimulation. Authors Klein et al. summarize recent studies into the circuitry. Megan Alcauskas, MD, and Robert C. Griggs, MD . # {#article-title-2} We read with interest the article by Lee et al.1 concerning the potential effect of the CAG repeat size in the normal HTT allele on age at motor onset in Huntington disease (HD). Although the authors have done an excellent job in analyzing data on an …
Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Risk of Pleural Mesothelioma, Lung Cancer, and Laryngeal Cancer in the Prospective Netherlands Cohort Study

Objective:To study the association between occupational asbestos exposure and pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer, specifically addressing risk associated with the lower end of the exposure distribution, risk of cancer subtypes, and the interaction between asbestos and smoking. Methods:Using the Netherlands Cohort Study (n = 58,279 men, aged 55 to 69 years), asbestos exposure was estimated by linkage to job-exposure matrices. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 132 pleural mesothelioma, 2324 lung cancer, and 166 laryngeal cancer cases were available. Results:The multivariable-adjusted model showed overall positive associations between all levels of asbestos exposure and mesothelioma, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma and glottis cancer showed only a positive association after prolonged higher asbestos exposure (hazard ratio per 10 years increment, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.93] and 1.95 [95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 2.80], respectively). There was no statistically significant interaction between asbestos and smoking. Conclusions:Asbestos levels encountered at the lower end of the exposure distribution may be associated with an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer.
The Relationship Between Mutuality, Filial Piety, and Depression in Family Caregivers in China

Purpose. Caregiving to parent stroke survivors in China is increasing and adult child–parent relationships are being challenged. The purpose of this study was to explore whether mutuality and filial piety have a protective role against caregiver depression. Design. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with a nonproportional quota sample of 126 caregivers. Surveys were conducted at hospitals or in homes using structured questionnaires: the 15-item Mutuality Scale, the 4-item Filial Attitude Scale, the 9-item Filial Behavior Scale, and the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Results. Higher mutuality and stronger filial attitudes were significantly associated with less caregiver depression after the covariates were controlled. Mutuality explained 5.5% (p < .01) and filial attitude explained 4.6% (p < .01) of the variance in caregiver depression. Conclusion. Mutuality and filial attitude may be protective factors against caregiver depression. Implications for Practice. Supportive strategies can be implemented to enhance mutuality and filial attitude.
Teachers for Rural Schools A challenge for Africa

Many factors contribute to lower educational participation in rural areas. On the demand side, rural children may be less interested in attending school. First, the opportunity costs of attending schools are often higher in rural areas (Lockheed and Verspoor, 1991, p158). Many rural households are dependent on their children for help at busy times of the agricultural year such as harvest time. Schools are usually designed to follow rigid schedule both in terms of time of the day and term dates, and often expect children to be in school during busy periods in the agricultural calendar (Taylor and Mulhall, 2001, p136).
The effect of ability , independence , and investor sentiment on analysts ’ propensity to use their own earnings forecasts in stock recommendations

This paper examines the factors that affect analysts’ propensity to use their own earnings forecasts in stock recommendations. We find that ability, independence, and investor sentiment all contribute to the inefficiency with which analysts incorporate their own earnings forecasts into stock recommendations. The transformational inefficiency is higher for analysts who have a shorter history of following a stock, work for brokers that have investment banking business or a larger brokerage operation, and follow firms that have experienced larger equity sales by either the firm itself or its officers and directors, have higher institutional ownership, and during years of extreme investor sentiments. There is evidence that analysts’ transformational inefficiency reduces stock price efficiency with regard to earnings forecasts. We wish to thank Ashiq Ali, Qi Chen, Mike Crawley, Hemang Desai, Mei Feng, Jeff Hales, Lisa Koonce, Henock Louis, Michele Meoli, Karl Muller, Robert Freeman, Neale O’Connors, Greg Sommers, Hun Tong Tan, Ramgopal Venkataraman, Yanfeng Xue and workshop participants at the American Accounting Association annual meeting, Beijing University, the HKUST Summer Symposium, the Lone Star Accounting Research Conference, the Pennsylvania State University brownbag seminar, City University of HK, Nanyang Business School, the University of Texas at Austin, the Asian Finance Association annual meeting, and the Seventh Accounting and Finance Conference at Xiamen University for helpful comments. We thank Alexander Ljungqvist for sharing his data on the number of sales representatives employed by brokerage firms. Corresponding author Bin Ke Pennsylvania State University 316 Business Building University Park, PA 16802 USA 814-865-0572 (phone) 814-863-8393 (fax) bxk127@psu.edu (email)
Glycolipids as Receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Toxin

The development of pest resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used in transgenic and organic farming. Here, we demonstrate that (i) the major mechanism for Bt toxin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans entails a loss of glycolipid carbohydrates; (ii) Bt toxin directly and specifically binds glycolipids; and (iii) this binding is carbohydrate-dependent and relevant for toxin action in vivo. These carbohydrates contain the arthroseries core conserved in insects and nematodes but lacking in vertebrates. We present evidence that insect glycolipids are also receptors for Bt toxin.
Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm

Background Accelerated infant weight gain in individuals born full term is linked to cardiovascular risk in adulthood, but data in those born preterm are inconsistent. Objective To investigate the association between weight gain in infancy and childhood with later markers of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents who were born preterm. Study design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Children born preterm with regular assessments of infant growth had auxology, body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile determined in adolescence. Results We reviewed 153 children (mean gestation 30.8 weeks, median birth weight 1365 g) of whom 102 consented to venepuncture at a median age of 11.5 years. Adolescent height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) were similar to population averages (0.01±0.92 and 0.3±1.2, respectively) and did not differ between infants when grouped according to degree of catch-up in weight gain in the immediate postdischarge period to 12 weeks of age. There were no significant associations between infant weight gain (change in weight SDS adjusted for length) and later metabolic outcome. However, there were strong associations between more rapid childhood weight gain (after 1 year of age) and subsequent body composition (higher fat mass %, fat mass index and waist circumference) and metabolic markers (higher fasting insulin, blood pressure and lower insulin sensitivity). Conclusions The association of rapid weight gain on health is time critical in those born preterm; in early infancy, this does not impact on metabolic status in adolescence, in contrast to rapid weight gain in childhood, which should be discouraged. However, given the critical importance of brain growth in the neonatal period and infancy, further research is needed before strategies that discourage infant weight gain or catch-up can be recommended for infants born preterm.
Executive and memory correlates of age-related differences in wayfinding performances using a virtual reality application

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate in large-scale spaces wayfinding and spatial learning difficulties for older adults in relation to the executive and memory decline associated with aging. We compared virtual reality (VR)-based wayfinding and spatial memory performances between young and older adults. Wayfinding and spatial memory performances were correlated with classical measures of executive and visuo-spatial memory functions, but also with self-reported estimates of wayfinding difficulties. We obtained a significant effect of age on wayfinding performances but not on spatial memory performances. The overall correlations showed significant correlations between the wayfinding performances and the classical measures of both executive and visuo-spatial memory, but only when the age factor was not partialled out. Also, older adults underestimated their wayfinding difficulties. A significant relationship between the wayfinding performances and self-reported wayfinding difficulty estimates is found, but only when the age effect was partialled out. These results show that, even when older adults have an equivalent spatial knowledge to young adults, they had greater difficulties with the wayfinding task, supporting an executive decline view in age-related wayfinding difficulties. However, the correlation results are in favor of both the memory and executive decline views as mediators of age-related differences in wayfinding performances. This is discussed in terms of the relationships between memory and executive functioning in wayfinding task orchestration. Our results also favor the use of objective assessments of everyday navigation difficulties in virtual applications, instead of self-reported questionnaires, since older adults showed difficulties in estimating their everyday wayfinding problems.
Regression analysis of metabolite concentrations estimated from localized proton MR spectra of active and chronic multiple sclerosis lesions

Localized short echo time magnetic resonance (MR) spectra were obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis of relapsing‐remitting or secondary chronic‐progressive course and from healthy controls. Automated analysis using model spectra, sensitivity correction, and subtraction of partial ventricular volume yielded tissue concentrations of metabolites that were in line with findings of previous studies. Additional findings were increased creatine in chronic lesions and increased myo‐inositol in normal‐appearing white matter. Regression analysis was performed to reveal concomitant changes of metabolite concentrations. Differences in the correlations between cholines and myo‐inositol suggest increased expression of myo‐inositol in chronic lesions or of cholines in active, contrast‐enhanced lesions. A correlation between N‐acetyl‐aspartate and creatine, which is probably due to extracellular edema, was observed in active but not in chronic lesions. Creatine and cholines correlated in chronic lesions, which may be the result of gliosis. The consequences of these findings for the interpretation of absolute concentrations and creatine ratios are discussed. Magn Reson Med 43:102–110, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different Modulation of the Perioperative Stress Hormone Response Under Neurolept-Anaesthesia or Enflurane for Cholecystectomy

Two groups of 13 patients, randomly allocated to receive either enflurane or neurolept anaesthesia for cholecystectomy, were compared in their cardiovascular and neuroendocrine response to surgery and in the postoperative period. There were no significant differences in blood pressure or heart rate. Catecholamine values were higher under neurolept anaesthesia towards the end of surgery and postoperatively. Median values for adrenaline during suture of peritoneum were 342 pg/ml and 88 pg/ml, respectively, P less than 0.05. In contrast, ACTH and cortisol rose to higher levels in enflurane treated patients. At the end of surgery median ACTH values were 75 pg/ml in NLA patients and 322 pg/ml in enflurane patients (P less than 0.01). Vasopressin increments during surgery were similar under both regimens, while prolactin was higher following induction of neurolept anaesthesia. It is discussed whether the differences in stress hormone secretion patterns under either form of anaesthesia reflect different stress protective properties or direct pharmacological effects of certain anaesthetics. We conclude that the hormonal stress response to surgery is critically dependent on the type of anaesthesia and may be discordant in different hormonal systems.
A longitudinal investigation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in northern India

A group comprising 27 young children (1–4y of age) suffering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria were studied to characterize the isolates and to measure humoral immune responses during acute infection and after recovery. Finger prick blood from each individual was collected on d 1. After treatment with chloroquine, a further blood sample was collected from each child on d 7, 30, 90 and 180 for assay of antibody responses to P. falciparum antigens. Isolates from individual patients were incubated in vitro for demonstration of rosette formation, assay of plasmodial growth rate and analysis of Pfcrt gene polymorphism. Out of 27 isolates of P. falciparum, 20 showed formation of rosettes in vitro. The growth rate at 96h varied widely among the isolates. In Pfcrt gene analysis at 76-codon site, 14 showed wild-type Lys 76, 7 showed mutant type Thr 76 and 6 had mixed type. 14 children, all with anaemia on d 7, showed a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Sera positive by ELISA IgG on d 90 also showed parasite growth inhibitory activity in vitro. Significant levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies against MSP1 were detected in 14 sera collected on d 90. On d 180, there was a decline in IgG and its subtypes. These findings suggest that a variability in isolates may occur in one and the same seasonal area, making children prone to infection. As a consequence, they develop antibodies during recovery phase from an acute attack, which remain in circulation for a period of 4–5 months. After that, a decline in antibody level may again make them susceptible to the disease. Prevalence of different serotypes in a small area may suggest the complexity of malaria transmission.
Safety Aspects in Soybean Food and Feed Chains: Fungal and Mycotoxins Contamination

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is an Asiatic leguminous plant cultivated in many parts of the world for its oil and proteins, which are extensively used in the manufacture of animal and human foodstuffs (FAO, 2004a; Hepperly, 1985). The production reached 47.5 million tons during the 2006/2007 harvest season ranking Argentina third as soybean producer in the world. In Argentina, during the last quarter of the century, soybean production has increased at an unprecedented rate from a cultivated area of 38.000 hectares in 1970 to 16 million hectares today. Around 70% of the soybean harvested is processed, providing 81% and 36% of the world's exported soybean oil and meal, respectively (SAGPyA, 2010). Soybean is often attacked by fungal infections during cultivation, or post-harvest (in transit or in storage), significantly affecting its productivity. Seeds and infected harvest debris are the main sources of primary infections, and the level of seed damage depends on environmental conditions such as high relative humidity, dew, and temperatures above 25 oC. These species can be potential mycotoxin producers. Mycotoxins (from “myco” fungus and toxin) are relatively low-molecular weight, fungal secondary metabolic products that may affect exposed vertebrates such as animals in a variety of ways. Mycotoxins are considered secondary metabolites because they are not necessary for fungal growth and are simply a product of primary metabolic processes. The functions of mycotoxins have not been clearly established, but they are believed to play a role in eliminating other microorganisms competing in the same environment. They are also believed to help parasitic fungi invade host tissues. The amount of toxins needed to produce adverse health effects varies widely among toxins, as well as within each person’s immune system (Brase et al., 2009). Some mycotoxins are carcinogenic, some are vasoactive, and some cause central nervous system damage. The mycotoxins can be acutely or chronically toxic, or both, depending on the kind of toxin, the dose, the health, the age and nutritional status of the exposed individual or animal, and the possible synergistic effects between mycotoxins. The most frequently studied mycotoxins are produced by species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria. There is an increasing world consumer demand for high quality and inocuous food and drink products with the lowest possible level of contaminants such as mycotoxins. As a result, the food industry in the developed world demands raw ingredients of the best