Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Owns the Largest Firms Around the World?

In this research-paper we evaluate how corporate control around the world is defined and which variables, related to a firm's characteristics and the countries' infrastructures, influence this. We find that there is a small number of countries where firms are widely held. The role of financial institutions seems to be different in civil and common law-based countries. While they seem to act as a monitor of management in common law-based countries, in civil law countries they act as a monitor of large shareholders. Finally, we find that firm's size is the most important determinant of ultimate owners.
An Evaluation of the Impact of Defects in Public Residential Buildings in Ghana

Public housing in Ghana is a social responsibility of government by accommodating its employees. Due to inadequate or lack of thorough maintenance, a considerable number of these public residential buildings have developed various forms of defects internally, externally or both of which some are either minor or major in terms of their stages of severity. Whereas, some of these defects have seriously affected the structural integrity other defects are mild. This paper was therefore undertaken to evaluate the impact of these defects in some of these public housing or residential buildings. In arriving at the set objectives, data was gathered using the following instruments; questionnaire, personal observation and face to face interview with the occupants of these public buildings. Different types of major defects were identified of which the top twenty of the most common ones found in the buildings were listed and made part of a questionnaire where respondents ranked these defects by considering their impact of severity in terms of function and user requirements It was realized that majority of these defects or failures can be attributed to design of the buildings, usage of buildings and lack of adequate maintenance on the buildings, also majority of the identified defects were in the low severity range. Keywords : Public, Residential Buildings, Defects
Cluster Complexes: A Framework for Understanding the Internationalisation of Innovation Systems

The literature on clustering that has developed over the last two decades or so has given us a wealth of information on the formation and competitiveness of places in the global economy. Similarly, the systems literature on innovation has been valuable in moving the debate around technology from a focus on the entrepreneur to one than encompasses institutions, government, suppliers, customers and universities. However, there remains an important limit to this research; the borders of political jurisdictions, usually nation states, typically delineate the studies. It is argued in this paper that during an era when the international architecture of production relationships is changing, this view of systems is hindering its further development. This paper briefly examines what we have learnt of innovation systems, including clustering and also explores the limitations of this work. From this foundation it is proposed in this paper that a framework which understands clusters as nodes within extra-territorial networks is a promising approach for internationalising the systems of innovation perspective. The advantage of the approach presented here is that it can simultaneously capture regional specialisations and be disaggregated enough to apply on a technology / sectoral basis. Another principle advantage is that such a framework goes someway towards an understanding of interregional and international trade that is consistent with what other studies have shown of the development of innovation within particular geographic locations. The paper draws from extensive data analysis of industrial interdependencies that cross national borders to support the case for cluster complexes that transcend regional and national borders.
Document and assess methods for generating inputs to hydrological models and extend delivery of projections across Victoria

There is a need to better identify methods for selecting GCM results for use in regional impacts studies. It builds on an approach adopted by several published assessment studies, the paper by Smith and Chandler (2009) and discussions held at the “GCM Selection for Regional Studies Workshop” held at the Bureau of Meteorology, 23-24 October, 2008.
A global 3-D CTM evaluation of black carbon in the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. We systematically evaluate the black carbon (BC) simulations for 2006 over the Tibetan Plateau by a global 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) (GEOS-Chem) driven by GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields, using in situ measurements of BC in surface air, BC in snow, and BC absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD). Using improved anthropogenic BC emission inventories for Asia that account for rapid technology renewal and energy consumption growth (Zhang et al., 2009; Lu et al., 2011) and improved global biomass burning emission inventories that account for small fires (van der Werf et al., 2010; Randerson et al., 2012), we find that model results of both BC in surface air and in snow are statistically in good agreement with observations (biases
Karst bare slope soil erosion and soil quality: a simulation case study

Abstract. The influence on soil erosion by different bedrock bareness ratios, different rainfall intensities, different underground pore fissure degrees and rainfall duration are researched through manual simulation of microrelief characteristics of karst bare slopes and underground karst crack construction in combination with artificial simulation of rainfall experiment. The results show that firstly, when the rainfall intensity is small (30 and 50 mm h−1), no bottom load loss is produced on the surface, and surface runoff, underground runoff and sediment production are increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity. Secondly, surface runoff and sediment production reduced with increased underground pore fissure degree, while underground runoff and sediment production increased. Thirdly, raindrops hit the surface, forming a crust with rainfall duration. The formation of crusts increases surface runoff erosion and reduces soil infiltration rate. This formation also increases surface-runoff-erosion-damaged crust and increased soil seepage rate. Raindrops continued to hit the surface, leading the formation of crust. Soil permeability showed volatility which was from reduction to increases, reduction, and so on. Surface and subsurface runoff were volatile with rainfall duration. Fourthly, when rock bareness ratio is 50 % and rainfall intensities are 30 and 50 mm h−1, runoff is not produced on the surface, and the slope runoff and sediment production present a fluctuating change with increased rock bareness ratio. Fifthly, the correlation degree between the slope runoff and sediment production and all factors are as follows: rainfall intensity-rainfall duration-underground pore fissure degree–bedrock bareness ratio.
Health services use by older people with disabilities in Spain: do formal and informal care matter?

ABSTRACT As people grow older in late life, their need for help with the activities of daily living increases. In Spain, those who need such help constitute about 20 per cent of the population aged 65 or more years. Support may be from formal care, informal care or both, and the type has different consequences for care receivers and their social networks. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between informal and formal care and the use of health services among older people in Spain. Using a sample of 1,148 respondents aged 65 or more years from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2003, we analysed the association between the sources of care (formal, informal, both, or no care) and the frequency of three types of health-care utilisation: hospitalisation, emergency services and medical consultations. After controlling for sex, age, level of difficulty in the activities of daily living, self-perceived health status, and social class, it was found that older people with disabilities who received neither informal nor formal care were more likely to consult physicians than those who received informal care, but that there were no significant relationships between the type of care and health-services utilisation. The findings provide new information about the consequences of the different types of care of older people with disabilities, and suggest specifically that informal care substitutes for some tasks usually done by health professionals.
Morphological and Anatomical Analyses of the Serpentine Ecotype of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Campanulaceae)

The morphological and anatomical analyses of leaves in the serpentine ecotype of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Regel) H. Hara were carried out. In comparison to the normal type of this variety, the serpentine ecotype has a narrower leaf due to decrease in the number and size of cells. The stenophyllization process of the serpentine ecotype is similar to that of the rheophytic ecotype. The study further indicates that the decreased number and size of cells is a general tendency in stenophyllization. By contrast, leaf thickness and stomatal density of the serpentine ecotype differed significantly from those of the rheophytic ecotype, suggesting that the two ecotypes are differently adapted to solar radiation and evaporation.
Glacial Terminations II and I as recorded in NE Iceland

Glacial Terminations II and I as recorded in NE Iceland Volcanism in eastern Iceland has controlled the changes in glacier- and river-drainage patterns and the sedimentary budget, particularly during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. The glacial extent in NE Iceland appears to be related to the impact of volcanic activity, not only on the ice-stream dynamics, but also on the sedimentary successions. Analysis of the Jökuldalur and Jökulsa á Brù records results in a new interpretation of the changes in ice extent and flow direction for at least the last two glaciations. From MIS 8 onward, the development of the Snæfell volcano apparently forced the ice stream that derived from the Vatnajökull ice cap to take another course; it also affected the offshore sedimentary budgets at the new outlet at Vopnafjördur. The MIS 6 ice sheet was thick and extensive, and associated with an ice-stream diversion to the North. The thick sedimentary complex of palaeolake Halslón was formed close to an outlet of the Vatnajökull, the Brùarjökull, during Termination II and a part of the MIS 5e interglacial. The deposits formed during MIS 5e record two climate optima interrupted by two successive glacial advances correlated with the mid-Eemian cooling. The deposits of the Weichselian deglaciation (Termination I) are much more limited in thickness. During the Last Glacial Maximum and the Late Glacial, glaciers also seem to have been restricted in the Jökulsa á Brù area. Valley glaciers issued from the Brùarjökull re-advanced several times in the Jökuldalur only during at least the Older Dryas, the Younger Dryas and the Preboreal. NE Iceland has undergone considerable deglaciation since the Bølling. In contrast to the conclusions of previous studies, the results presented here are consistent with data on the glaciations in other Nordic regions and can increase the understanding of the mid-Eemian cooling.
Factors and Levels Associated with Lecturers’ Motivation and Job Satisfaction in a Chinese University

Motivation and job satisfaction of employees have been an important research area in recent years. Based on a case study on two-new-established colleges in one university located in China Beijing town, this study aimed to correlate and investigate the levels and factors affecting lecturers’ motivation and job satisfactions in this university. The descriptive survey and co-relational methods were used. Seventy lecturers with 51.4 % male and 48.6 % female participated in the study. Data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, means and Pearson’ Linear Correlation Coefficient. Means were interpreted as poor, fair, satisfactory and very satisfactory. The motivational level of lecturers was satisfactory (average mean = 2.707, Std=.8014) mostly affected by Incentives &promotions and salary. The level of job satisfaction was interpreted as satisfactory (average mean of 2.660, Std=.7804) mostly affected by financial reward. The correlation reported a significant relationship between lecturers’ motivation and job satisfaction (r = 0.615 with the sig-value of.000 lesser than .001). The continuity of lecturers’ motivation was recommended by taking into consideration all analyzed factors.
The role of foreign direct investment in the renewable electricity generation and economic growth nexus in Portugal: a cointegration and causality analysis

This study attempts to investigate a supply function for electricity in Portugal through cointegration and causality analysis over the sample period of 1970 to 2008 to test hypotheses related to the electricity-economic growth nexus in the literature. Evidence is found in favour of cointegration among electricity generation from renewable sources, real gross domestic product, inward foreign direct investment, carbon emissions from electricity production and population size in Portugal by using the bound testing approach to cointegration and error correction models developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. Evidence from Granger causality tests show that unidirectional causality is running from renewable electricity production to foreign direct investment in the short-run, and indicate the presence of bilateral causality among renewable electricity production, inward foreign direct investment, real income and population. The joint short- and long-run Granger causality tests provide further support for the feedback hypothesis. These findings have important policy implications, since the promotion of appropriate structural policies aiming at attracting foreign direct investment can induce conservation and efficient electricity use without obstructing economic growth. The promotion of foreign direct investment is crucial in boosting Portugal’s socio-economic development towards a more efficiency-orientated and less resource-depleting economy.
Power converter junction temperature measurement using infra‐red sensors

Studies demonstrate that the power converter has one of the highest failure rates in a wind turbine, with a key failure driver being the power module junction temperature ( T j ). This paper details an experimental setup for simplified emulation of wind turbine conditions on a power converter with infra-red sensing of IGBT T j . Results are compared to previous simulation work for a PMSG wind turbine, with the same trend of increasing mean T j with wind speed found, and the need to use an equivalent generator reactance in highlighted. A commercial-scale prototype for more accurate wind turbine converter emulation is also detailed.
The Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes and 5,5-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione under Solvent-Free Grinding Conditions.

The reaction of aromatic aldehyde 1 and 5,5-dimethyl-l,3-cyclohexanedione 2 under solvent-free and solid state conditions has been catalyzed by KF/Al 2 O 3 or silica sulfate and yields two products: 2,2'-arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one) 3 and 1, 8-dioxooctahydroxanthene 4 and their derivatives. In addition, 2-amino-4-aryl-3-cyano-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran 5 is also obtained in this condition. This method provides several advantages such as good yield (61-93%), simple work-up procedure and is environment friendly.
The interaction behavior patterns of male secondary physical education instructors with high-skilled and low-skilled students

l ' ; | l This study was conducted tO compare the teaching inteLaction behavi9r patterns of male secondary physical education instructσrs with high=skilled and with low― skilled Students. Fifteen secondary physical ёducation instructors frOm central and western New York served as subjects. Each instructor was asked to rank his students from high skill' ability to low skill ability. From each instruCtoris class, 10 S卜 udents, flve f10m the top 33% of the c■ass representing the,igh― Skilled group and five from the bottom 33% of the _claピs repFesentittg the low― skilledヽ grOuP, werё randomly selected to partic■pate in the study, totaling 150 student partic■ PantSO A vildeotape recorder with a micropho■ e was
Investigation of Miter Corner Joint Strength of Case Furniture from Particleboard

Most pieces of case furniture (kitchen and bathroom furniture, cabinets, wardrobes, tables and etc.) are made of 18 mm thick wood particle boards finished with various coatings. This three-layered constructional material is obtained by bonding wood particles of different fractions with synthetic resins using heating. The exploitation duration and quality of case furniture is determined by the mechanical properties of wood particle boards and the construction of joints of wood-based panels. On a frequent basis, pieces of case furniture with non-dismantable and dismantable construction are joined by using multidowel glued joints and cam connecting fittings intended for furniture, respectively. Wood-based panels can be joined with mitre joints whose mechanical properties have not undergone testing and comparison with regular joints when applying insertable wooden dowels or furniture connecting fittings. During the testing of particle board properties it was established that joining wood-based panels in this way ensures most efficient use of mechanical characteristics of the particleboard. In addition to the properties of the mitre joint, the tests also allowed determining the bending strength, tensile strength and bonding strength of the constructional material, and providing an original method for testing board properties, which can be successfully applied to the prediction of properties of the mitre joint. Tests were performed by using a universal tensile testing machine P-0.5. Joints were bonded by applying PVA dispersion. The surface of boards was veneered by using mahogany veneer and urea formaldehyde resin. It was found that mitre joints of wood particle boards can withstand loads that are higher from 2 to 4 times, in comparison to glued doweled joints or joints constructed with cam connecting fittings. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ms.18.4. 3095
Potato Seed Production of Cultivar Kufri Himalini, In vitro

The nodal cuttings of potato cv. Kufri Himalini was cultured in MS medium consisting three different hormonal combinations of GA3 and NAA (MSH1- 0.25mg/l GA3+ 0.01 mg/l NAA, MSH2- 0.25mg/l GA3+ 0.03 mg/l NAA and MSH3- 0.25mg/l GA3+ 0.04 mg/l NAA) for shoot and root proliferation. After 35-40 days of incubation, shoots in MSH1 (0.25 mg/l GA3 and 0.01 mg/l NAA) reached 8.28 cm with 9.4 nodes and 11.9 cm root length, higher then all the combinations. For tuberization three concentration of BAP (8 mg/l, 10 mg/l and 12 mg/l) were used with MS liquid medium, the plantlets were shifted to tuberization media and data were reported for the number of microtuber on per original shoot, average weight of microtuber and number of eyes in each microtuber. Formation and development of microtubers were least with 8 mg/l and higher in 10 mg/l BAP concentration, while with the increasing concentration, BAP inhibit the average number, weight and eyes number of microtubers. (Stem Cell, 2010;1(1):7-10) (ISSN 1545-4570).
Self-efficacy Beliefs of Chinese Primary School Teachers

The study was conducted to explore the primary school teachers' (PSTs) self-efficacy beliefs with respect to gender and subjects (Chinese and Math) taught during practicum in the primary schools. Using random sampling, 103 PSTs (women 68 and men 35) were selected from the teacher education faculty who had just finished their practicum. Descriptive survey study design was used to investigate the problem. Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk-Hoy, 2001) was used to collect data from the participants. Findings revealed that overall the female prospective teachers had higher level of self-efficacy than that of male PSTs. The difference between the cohorts was significant for each of students' engagement and instructional strategies, but it was marginally significant for classroom management. There was nonsignificant difference between the groups on the basis of subjects taught (Math and Chinese) in the cooperating schools. The findings of the study have implications for the researchers, teacher educators, curriculum developers for teacher education programmes, and all the stake holders of teaching practice.
Cold start for the green innovation machine

This Policy Contribution accompanies the Policy Brief, No Green Growth Without Innovation. Written by Senior Non-Resident Fellow Philippe Aghion, Senior Resident Fellow Reinhilde Veugelers and Researcher Clement Serre, this paper discusses the state of green innovation and goes into more depth in discussing the current problems in the area. Examining research and development, patent, and venture capital data, the authors point out that there is momentum for private investment in green technologies. However, they argue that, thus far, the implicit tax rate on energy in the EU27 is too low and fragmented, the carbon price in the EU Emissions Trading System is too volatile, and the public R&D expenditures dedicated to energy and environment are too low. They conclude that immediate state intervention is necessary, at least at the onset, to ensure that the green innovation machine gets properly started.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Implicit Theories of an Intelligent Person

This contribution is based on the assumption that implicit theories influence the subjective action space and hence the learning behavior of students. The implicit theory that an individual holds of an intelligent person is of particular importance in this context. For this cross-cultural study, we asked 200 students from Kenya and Germany to draw an intelligent person and then to rate the typicality of the drawing with respect to a number of attributes. The data indicated considerable differences among the students’ implicit theories of intelligence. Implicit theories of an intelligent person correlated with the nationality and the gender of the students who made the drawings. German girls, in particular, frequently ascribed a gender to their prototypically intelligent person which differed from their own. Our data offer evidence that implicit theories of an intelligent person reflect a multifaceted picture. The most meaningful single attribute identified by participants for the figures they had drawn was that of being hardworking. We conclude that future studies should further examine the influence of implicit theories on the learning behavior of gifted students.