Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water Diffusion in the Brain of Chronic Hypoperfusion Model Mice: A Study Considering the Effect of Blood Flow

Purpose: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model mice were created by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) surgery, which does not cause cerebral infarction, but which does cause long-term reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the occluded side. Cognitive dysfunction in this mouse model has been demonstrated in behavioral experiments, but neuron density change was not found in a previous positron emission tomography (PET) study. As a next step, in this study we investigated the injury of neuronal fibers in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model mice using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: In diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), not only the diffusion of water but also the capillary flow in the voxel, i.e., intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), contributes to the signal. Thus, we used DTI to evaluate DWI signal changes in the brains of chronic hypoperfusion model mice at 4 weeks after UCCAO while monitoring the possible influence of CBF change using arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI. Results: Simple t-tests indicated that there were significant differences in CBF between the control and occluded sides of the brain, but there was no significant difference for the mean diffusivity (MD) or fractional anisotropy (FA). However, as Pearson correlation analysis showed that MD was strongly correlated with CBF, analysis-of-covariance (ANCOVA) was then performed using CBF as a covariate and a significant difference in MD between the contra- and ipsilateral sides was found. Performing a similar procedure for the FA found no significant differences. Conclusion: The results suggest the injury of neuronal fibers due to chronic hypoperfusion. It is also suggested that CBF-related signal changes should be considered when DWI-based information is used for pathological diagnosis.
A desnutrição e obesidade no Brasil: o enfrentamento com base na agenda única da nutrição

Brazil, like other developing countries, is currently experiencing a nutritional transition that is often determined by poor eating. Population-based surveys have shown a continuing downward trend in undernutrition in this country, together with increases in excess weight at different stages of life. Monitoring the nutritional profile helps generate an attitude of surveillance and orientation of health promotion activities. The Family Health Strategy, together with various situational aspects in Brazil, has shown tangible results in the reduction of undernutrition; still, poor eating has played a major role in the increased prevalence of obesity and other chronic non-communicable diseases, besides having a heavy impact on individual quality of life and placing a significant burden on the Unified National Health System. Intervening in this contemporary public health dilemma requires prioritizing a unified nutritional agenda focused on the entire course of life, breaking the vicious circle that begins during the intrauterine period and lasts throughout life.
Adult Anxiety Disorders in Relation to Trait Anxiety and Perceived Stress in Childhood

It is well established that objective early life stressors increase risk for anxiety disorders and that environmental stressors interact with dispositional factors such as trait anxiety. There is less information on how subjective perception of stress during childhood relates to later clinical anxiety. This study tested whether childhood perceived stress and trait anxiety were independently and interactively associated with adult anxiety disorders. Forty-seven adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders (M age = 34 yr., SD=11) and 29 healthy participants (M = 33 yr., SD=13) completed the adult Perceived Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Global Perceived Early Life Events Scale as a measure of perceived stress during childhood. In a logistic regression model, high childhood perceived stress (β = 0.64) and trait anxiety (β = 0.11) were associated with significantly greater odds of adult anxiety disorder. The association between childhood perceived stress and adult anxiety remained significant when controlling for adult perceived stress. These findings suggest that children's perception of stress in their daily lives may be an important target of intervention to prevent the progression of stress into clinically significant anxiety.
Observation of Patients with Suspected Myocardial Contusion

The diagnosis of myocardial contusion related to blunt chest trauma is not always an easy one to make. A high index of suspicion is very important; without it diagnosis of myocardial contusion can easily be overlooked because manifestations of this syndrome are often masked by injury to other chest wall structures. When myocardial contusion is suspected and pertinent laboratory tests are abnormal (e.g., electrocardiograms [ECGs], radionuclide
Physical Self-Concept of Adolescents in Western Balkan Countries: A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to explore physical self-concept of adolescents of the Western Balkans (Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) according to sex and country. The participants were 2,606 students, ages 13 and 14 years (M = 13.5, SD = 0.9). The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to assess multidimensional physical self-concept. The results show the interaction of sex and country for three dimensions of physical self-concept (Appearance, Global Physical Self-Concept, and Self-Esteem). It was shown that female and male adolescents' perception of physical appearance, self-esteem, and global physical self-concept is more susceptible to influences of socio-cultural factors in the monitored countries. In all other dimensions of Physical self-concept, sex differences were consistently manifested in favour of male adolescents, except in Flexibility. Regardless of adolescents' sex, under the increasing influence of Western culture in the Western Balkan countries, adolescents more critically evaluate their body and motor abilities.
Hypertension as an emerging health problem amongst school children and adolescents

Introduction: Hypertension is a common non communicable disease in developed countries. But nowadays even in developing countries like India its prevalence is increasing in adults as well as in childhood population. Objective: To find out the prevalence of Pre hypertension and Hypertension amongst school children and adolescents. Study Design: Randomised, Cross-sectional, observational multicentric School based study. Methodology: In this study 3 schools were selected by simple random sampling method from Urban and rural region of Bijapur district which is a part of North Karnataka. Total 2800 children were screened in the age group from 10-16 years. General data and Blood pressure were recorded for each child. Blood pressure values are compared with reference charts given by National High Blood Pressure Education Programme working group of American heart association 2004 and grouped as prehypertensive (PHTN) and Hypertension (HTN). Results: In Rural school children, Prevalence of systolic PHTN was 2.2% and prevalence of systolic HTN was 1.8%. Among urban school children prevalence of systolic PHTN was 3.92% and prevalence of systolic HTN was 3.79%. Prevalence Diastolic PHTN in rural school children was 2% and that of Diastolic HTN was 1.5%. In case of urban school children, the prevalence of Diastolic PHTN was 4.28% and that of Diastolic HTN was 3.86%. In our study the prevalence of hypertension in males was more than female in both rural & urban school children. Also the prevalence of HT was more in urban than in rural population. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension in school children is increasing even in developing countries. In feature to prevent morbidities, early intervention strategies for promoting healthy eating, physical activities and health education should be undertaken from school age group. This primordial prevention should be considered as an important public health issue in our developing country.
An Exploratory Study on the Relationship between Parents' Passion for Sport/Exercise and Children's Self- and Task-Perceptions in Sport/Exercise

This study investigated the relationship between parents' passion for sport/exercise and children's self- and task-perceptions in sport and exercise. Paired samples of 312 children, 312 fathers, and 312 mothers were collected using two-stage sampling; parents were classified based on their passion for sport and exercise as high concordance if both parents had a high passion for sport and exercise, low concordance if neither parent had a passion for sport and exercise, or discordant. Intrinsic interest value, attainment value/importance, extrinsic utility value, ability/expectancy, task difficulty, and required effort were measured, as well as harmonious and obsessive passion. Children's self- and task-perceptions in sport and exercise were examined with respect to parents' passion for sport and exercise. The results of the study indicated that children of parents with high concordance in harmonious passion for sport and exercise scored higher on intrinsic interest value, attainment value/importance, extrinsic utility value, ability / expectancy, task difficulty, and required effort in sport and exercise than counterparts with discordant and low concordance parents. Similar patterns were found for obsessive passion in parents.
Effects of L2 Learning Orientations and Implementation Intentions on Self-Regulation

In this study, a classic L2 learning orientation framework and a multi-faceted implementation intention construct were used to predict self-regulation. Attention was particularly paid to the way in which different types of implementation intentions predicted the self-regulatory capacity. A two-phase research design was executed. A pilot was conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the scales. In the main study, a series of regression analyses examined the links among the variables of interest. The modeling results indicated that the effects of the integrative and instrumental orientations were substantially diminished after the implementation intentions were incorporated into the orientation structure. The empirical findings strongly suggest the need for L2 learners to utilize strategic planning in response to situational and temporal cues in the process of goal pursuit. Further discussions focused on the effects of both orientations and implementation intentions on the self-regulatory capacity in language learning.
Deciding if Home Care Is Right for Me

As the location of health care delivery continues to shift from inpatient settings into the community understanding the experience of the home care workforce is important. Challenges related to recruitment and retention of nurses in home care has resulted in agencies hiring new graduate nurses. While Extensive research exists exploring experiences of new graduates in hospital settings, experiences of new graduates in home care are not well understood. Given the contextual differences between hospital and home care, research exploring new graduate nurses’ experiences in the home care sector is warranted. A phenomenological approach was used. “Deciding if home care is right for me” emerged as a way of understanding new graduate nurses’ experiences in home care.
Gender Differences in Chinese Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

Although gender differences in self-efficacy and subjective well-being have been reported in previous studies, little published research has investigated the interrelationships between these variables in adolescents. 648 Chinese adolescents were administered a series of questionnaires to test the hypothesis that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between gender and subjective well-being. The results indicated that adolescent girls had lower general self-efficacy than adolescent boys, which explained girls' lower subjective well-being. The theoretical and practical implications may help parents and educators to strengthen adolescents' happiness.
Familiarity Transfer as an Explanation of the Déjà Vu Effect

Déjà vu is often explained in terms of an unconscious transfer of familiarity between a familiar object or objects and accompanying new objects. However, empirical research tests more the priming effectiveness than such a transfer. This paper reviews the main explanations of déjà vu, proposes a cognitive model of the phenomenon, and tests its six major assumptions. The model states that a sense of familiarity can be felt toward an objectively new stimulus (point 1) and that it can be transferred from a known stimulus to a novel one (point 2) in a situation where the person is unaware of such a transfer (point 3). The criteria for déjà vu are that the known and the novel stimuli may have graphical or semantic similarity, but differences exclude priming explanations (point 4); the familiarity measure should be of an non-rational nature (sense of familiarity rather than recognition; point 5); and that the feeling of familiarity toward a novel stimuli produces a conflict, which could be measured by means of increased reaction (point 6). 119 participants were tested in three experiments. The participants were to assess the novel stimuli in terms of their sense of familiarity. The novel stimuli were primed or were not primed by the known stimulus (Exp. 1) or primed by the known vs a novel stimulus (Exp. 2 and 3). The priming was subliminal in all the experiments. Reaction times were measured in Exps. 2 and 3. The participants assessed the novel stimuli as more familiar when they were preceded by a known stimulus than when they were not (Exp. 1) or when they were preceded by a novel stimulus (Exps. 2 and 3). Reaction times were longer for assessments preceded by known stimulus than for assessments preceded by a novel stimulus, which contradicts the priming explanations. The results seem to support all six points of the proposed model of the mechanisms underlying the déjà vu experience.
Visual Attention in a Visual-Haptic, Cross-Modal Matching Task in Children and Adults

Visual fixation patterns were analyzed to gain insight into developmental changes in attention allocation in a cross-modal task. Two patterns that have been associated with increased task difficulty, gaze aversion and fixation duration, were recorded using an eye-tracker. In this exploratory study, 37 elementary age children (M age 7–10 yr.) and 23 undergraduates engaged in visual-only and haptic-visual shape-matching tasks. Theoretical assumptions underlying this study are that children have greater limitations on attention capacity compared to adults, and that a task presented in the cross-modal condition would pose special demands on this capacity. A 2 × 2 (uni- or cross-modal × age group) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze both gaze aversion and average fixation duration. Children averted gaze significantly more during the cross-modal condition, supporting the idea that children use gaze aversion as an attention-shifting mechanism. Mean fixation duration increased for both groups in the cross-modal condition. Due to the small number and limited age range of the children as well as the limited number of task items, interpretations are made with caution.
Controlling Absolute Frequency of Feedback in a Self-Controlled Situation Enhances Motor Learning

The guidance hypothesis suggested that excessive extrinsic feedback facilitates motor performance but blocks the processing of intrinsic information. The present study tested the tenet of guidance hypothesis in self-controlled feedback by controlling the feedback frequency. The motor learning effect of limiting absolute feedback frequency was examined. Thirty-six participants (25 men, 11 women; M age = 25.1 yr., SD = 2.2) practiced a hand-grip force control task on a dynamometer by the non-dominant hand with varying amounts of feedback. They were randomly assigned to: (a) Self-controlled, (b) Yoked with self-controlled, and (c) Limited self-controlled conditions. In acquisition, two-way analysis of variance indicated significantly lower absolute error in both the yoked and limited self-controlled groups than the self-controlled group. The effect size of absolute error between trials with feedback and without feedback in the limited self-controlled condition was larger than that of the self-controlled condition. In the retention and transfer tests, the Limited self-controlled feedback group had significantly lower absolute error than the other two groups. The results indicated an increased motor learning effect of limiting absolute frequency of feedback in the self-controlled condition.
An analysis of the excess mortality profile during the 2006 Chikungunya Fever epidemic in Mauritius

The Island of Mauritius was affected by a large scale epidemic outbreak of Chikungunya Fever (CHIKF) from February to April 2006. It was observed that this epidemic was associated with an excess mortality during the months of March to May 2006 in Mauritius. This study was aimed to analyze the gender and age group distribution of the excess mortality. Population and mortality data were obtained from the Mauritius Central Statistics Office for the years 2000 to 2006. The excess monthly mortality was computed for 2006 and the distribution of excess mortality according to gender and age groups was analyzed. For both genders combined, the excess mortality was 91.5% in the age group ≥ 50 years. For the ≥ 50-year age group, the total male excess death rate (EDR) exceeded the total female EDR by 66%. Our results indicate that CHIKF is associated with an increased mortality particularly in the ≥ 50-year age group with males being more vulnerable than females to mortality. Although there have been reports of CHIKF related deaths in other studies, the profile of the excess mortality during a CHIKF outbreak has not been previously described.
Resource-Independent Negative Effects of Foreign Language on Analogical Problem Solving

It has been shown that analogical problem solving is more difficult when a target problem is written in a foreign language than in one's native language. Possible resource-independence of this negative effect of a foreign language was investigated. After reading an analog or a filler story, participants solved a target problem written in their native or a foreign language. Those who read the problem in their native language performed a concurrent task to reduce their available processing resources. Nevertheless, they were better able to solve it than those who read the problem in a foreign language after reading the analog. This indicates that reading the problem in a foreign language decreases analogical problem-solving ability in a resource-independent manner.
Field Dependence and Orientation of Upside-down Posture in Water

Sensory information from the environment is used for body orientation and maintaining posture for effective movement, and the effects of specific senses on orientation and posture can be tested by removing input. In the present study, field dependence was used to evaluate the importance of vision in the perception of verticality when an upside-down posture was adopted under water. Eleven female synchronized swimmers at the French national level were participants. These swimmers were assessed for field dependence and all of them attempted to orient to the vertical with different types of sensory disturbance (eyes closed, opaque goggles, noiseless environment). Kinematic analyses of body inclination were conducted under the different conditions of sensory disturbance. Participants who were more field-dependent aligned their posture more accurately with the gravitational vertical than those who were more field-independent when the tactile afferents from the thighs are blocked.
Wpływ poziomu wykształcenia pielęgniarek na znajomość wybranych aktów prawnych wykorzystywanych w pielęgniarstwie

Wstep. Prace nad określeniem samodzielności pielegniarek, mozliwości podnoszenia kwalifikacji zawodowych i odpowiedzialnością zawodową zaowocowaly powstaniem licznych dokumentow legislacyjnych. Ich znajomośc powinna stanowic jeden z elementow świadomego wykonywania zawodu pielegniarki. Cel pracy. Celami pracy byly ocena znajomości prawa medycznego przez pielegniarki czynne zawodowo oraz określenie wplywu wyksztalcenia na poziom posiadanej wiedzy. Material i metody. Badaniami objeto 366 pielegniarek pracujących w szpitalach wybranych miast Polski. Zastosowano sondaz diagnostyczny z uzyciem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiet. Wyniki. Średnia wieku ankietowanych wyniosla 36 lat, średnia dlugośc stazu pracy — 14 lat. Najliczniejsza grupa pielegniarek posiadala wyksztalcenie średnie (46,2%), studia pielegniarskie na poziomie licencjackim ukonczylo 30% badanych, natomiast tytul magistra pielegniarstwa posiadalo 23,8% respondentek. Stwierdzono, ze osoby, ktore ukonczyly studia I stopnia, uzyskaly znacznie wiecej punktow niz pielegniarki z wyksztalceniem średnim lub magisterskim. Średnia liczba punktow, jaką uzyskaly w badaniu ankietowym, wyniosla 27,0 ± 5,1 punktu (p Wnioski. 1. Bieząca aktualizacja wiedzy, miedzy innymi z zagadnien prawnych, realizowana przez pielegniarki w czasie studiow pomostowych powoduje najlepsze przygotowanie badanych dotyczące znajomości aktow prawnych. 2. Niska znajomośc zagadnien prawnych przez magistrow pielegniarstwa moze wynikac z roznych form ksztalcenia, w wyniku ktorych pielegniarki mogą uzyskac tytul magistra, oraz dlugiego uplywu czasu związanego z ukonczeniem studiow. 3. Wystepuje koniecznośc stalego aktualizowania przez pielegniarki wiedzy z zakresu pielegniarstwa przez uczestniczenie w roznych formach ksztalcenia i doksztalcania.
Factor Analysis of the Intermediate Category Test

This study examined the factor structure of the six subtests of the Intermediate Category Test in a heterogeneous sample of school-referred students, age 9 to 14 years. A three-factor solution emerged that accounted for approximately 72% of the total variance. This indicates that the test measures multiple underlying constructs in this school-referred sample. Clinical and educational interpretations may be enhanced by utilizing factor scores that reflect the multiple abilities assessed. Recommendations for developing factor/index scores are provided.