Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl stress and schizophrenia

Appropriate biological treatment and psychosocial support are essential to achieve and maintain recovery for patients with schizophrenia. Despite extensive efforts to clarify the underlying disease mechanisms, the main cause and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain unclear. This is due in large part to disease heterogeneity, which results in biochemical differences within a single disease entity. Other factors include variability across clinical symptoms and disease course, along with varied risk factors and treatment responses. Although schizophrenia's positive symptoms are largely managed through treatment with atypical antipsychotics, new classes of drugs are needed to address the unmet medical need for improving cognitive dysfunction and promoting recovery of negative symptoms in these patients. Accumulation of toxic reactive dicarbonyls, such as methylglyoxal, are typical indicators of carbonyl stress, and result in the modification of proteins and the formation of advanced glycation end products, such as pentosidine. In June 2010, we reported on idiopathic carbonyl stress in a subpopulation of schizophrenia patients, leading to a failure of metabolic systems with plasma pentosidine accumulation and serum pyridoxal depletion. Our findings suggest two markers, pentosidine and pyridoxal, as beneficial for distinguishing a specific subgroup of schizophrenics. We believe that this information, derived from in vitro and in vivo studies, is beneficial in the search for personalized and hopefully more effective treatment regimens in schizophrenia. Here, we define a subtype of schizophrenia based on carbonyl stress and the potential for using carbonyl stress as a biomarker in the challenge of overcoming heterogeneity in schizophrenia treatment.
Polymorphisms of the upstream regulatory region of the major histocompatibility complex DRB genes in domestic horses

Sequence information was obtained on the variation of the ELA‐DRB upstream regulatory region (URR) after polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) cloning and sequencing of ≈ 220 bp upstream of the first exon of horse DRB genes. The sequence of the proximal URR of equine DRB is composed of highly conserved sequence motifs, showing the presence of the W, X, Y, CAAT and TATA conserved boxes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II promoters. Five different polymorphic horse DRB promoter sequences were detected in five horse breeds. The results demonstrate the existence of polymorphism in the nucleotide sequences of the ELA‐DRB URR, located in the functionally important conserved consensus sequences, the X2 box, the Y box and the TATA box, while conservation were observed in X1 and CAAT boxes. The nucleotide diversity among horse URRs was intermediate between that seen within human and mouse DRB promoters, suggesting the existence of another important source of variability in ELA‐DRB genes. In addition, phylogenetic comparisons, identity analysis and sequence organization suggested that the reported sequences would correspond to an expressed ELA‐DRB locus. However, further information about the functional significance of these promoter polymorphisms will probably be acquired through expression studies on the different sequences.
Active trans‐synaptic capture of membrane fragments by natural killer cells

Prior to delivery of a lethal hit, NK cells form an immunological synapse to scan the target cells and engage their activatory and inhibitory receptors. Using freshly isolated NK cells, IL‐2‐activated polyclonal NK bulk or the NKL cell line, we report here that early during this recognition process, human NK cells actively capture target cell membrane fragments. This novel NK cell function occurs via the immunological synapse, is controlled by Src kinase, ATP, Ca2+ and PKC and involves rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, this process is down‐regulated bysignals emanating from inhibitory NK receptors recognizing protective MHC class I alleles.
The relationship between same-sex sexual experience, sexual distress, and female sexual dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION There is little research estimating the occurrence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in women with same-sex sexual experience and none incorporating a key feature of standardized DSM-IV diagnoses-sexual distress. AIM To investigate the prevalence of FSD in women with and without same-sex sexual experience and whether any effects of same-sex sexual experience on women's sexual functioning are moderated by frequency and type of sexual activity. METHODS The sample consisted of 5,998 female individuals aged 18-49 years. Prevalence of FSD was assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index and an abbreviated version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale. Measurement of frequency and variation in sexual activity was conducted using a modified version of the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory. Lifetime same-sex experience was assessed with a single question. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence estimates of FSD. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the subsample-specific, mediating role of frequency and mode of sexual activities on FSD. RESULTS Women with same-sex sexual experience (13.6%) engaged significantly more in all sexual activities (P < 0.01) compared with women without such experience. They further reported significantly more desire (Z = 3.1, P < 0.05) and satisfaction problems (z = 10.6, P < 0.001). When controlling patterns of sexual activities no significant effect of same-sex sexual experience on desire could be detected (OR 1.1, CI 95% 0.9-1.2, P > 0.1), whereas the significant association between same-sex sexual experience and sexual dissatisfaction remained (OR 1.28, CI 95% 1.1-1.6, P < 0.05). Sexual distress was significantly more prevalent in women with same-sex sexual experience (23%) compared with their counterparts (19%). CONCLUSIONS Same-sex sexual experience is related, both directly and indirectly, to FSD. Testing of the mediating factors underlying this association may offer important clues into the etiology of FSD in general. The results further highlight the need to consider sexual distress as a multidimensional concept.
Effect of Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) against Adriamycin Induced-cardiotoxicity in Male Rats

Adriamycin (ADR) is an antitumor antibiotic drug has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of cancer and a variety of malignant. However, the successful use of ADR has been hampered by its cardiotoxicity, which mediated through oxidative stress. Hibiscus Sabdariffa (HS) has shown to possess powerful antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HS extract (HSE) against ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats. The study was conducted on four groups; control, ADR (10 mg/kg), and HSE+ADR groups 500 and 750 (mg/kg), rats received HSE for 1 week before ADR injection. After 3 days from ADR injection, rats were subject to electrocardiography (ECG) analysis, and plasma were separation for determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB). Heart tissues were subjected for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, as well as examined microscopically. Results revealed that, treatment of rats with ADR significant increased heart rate, ST height, QT interval and T amplitude, as well as increased LDH and CKMB, while it decreased QRS interval. Cardiac MDA level was significant increase with significant decrease in GPx activity as compared with control rats. Pretreatment of ADR-treated rats with HSE resulted in significant improvement in ECG readings and tested heart enzymes, as well as normalize cardiac contents of MDA and GPx as compared with ADR group. Histopathological examination of heart sections revealed that, ADR injection caused many myocardial injury, while HSE pretreatment showed either mild or slight congestion of myocardial blood vessels at low dose (500 mg/kg) or no histopathological change at high dose (750 mg/kg). These results suggested that, HSE is effective in ameliorated ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats, probably through its active compounds that have antioxidant properties.
Microbial community structure of methanogenic benzene-degrading cultures enriched from five different sediments.

Mana Noguchi,1,* Futoshi Kurisu,2 Yuji Sekiguchi,3 Ikuro Kasuga,4 and Hiroaki Furumai2 1 Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan 2 Research Center for Water Environment Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan 3 Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan 4 Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and the Metabolic Syndrome in Ethnic Minority Groups: The Healthy Life in an Urban Setting Study

Objective Ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome could be explained by perceived ethnic discrimination (PED). It is unclear whether PED is associated with the metabolic syndrome. We assessed this association and quantified the contribution of PED to the metabolic syndrome. Methods Baseline data were used from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study collected in the Netherlands from 2011 to 2014. The population-based sample included South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish, and Moroccan participants (aged 18 to 70 years). PED was measured using the Everyday Discrimination Scale. The metabolic syndrome was determined according to the harmonized definition of the International Diabetes Federation, American Heart Association, and others. Logistic regression was used for analysis. population-attributable fraction was used to calculate the contribution of PED. Results PED was positively associated with the metabolic syndrome in South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, and Moroccan participants (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.13 [0.99–1.30], 1.15 [1.00–1.32], and 1.19 [1.03–1.38], respectively) after adjusting for potential confounders and mediators. No significant association was observed among Ghanaian and Turkish participants. For the individual components, the associations were statistically significant for blood pressure, fasting glucose, and waist circumference among Surinamese participants. PED was associated with dyslipidemia in Moroccan participants. The population-attributable fractions were 5% for South-Asian Surinamese and Moroccan participants, and 7% for African Surinamese participants. Conclusions We found a positive association of PED with the metabolic syndrome in some ethnic groups, with PED contributing around 5% to 7% to the metabolic syndrome among Surinamese and Moroccans. This suggests that PED might contribute to ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome.
Context-specific control in the single-prime negative-priming procedure

The current paper examines the applicability of the context-specific control principle to the probe selection dependence of negative-priming effects using the single-prime procedure. In a series of experiments, we highlight the applicability of the context-specific control principle, first by illustrating a key result that implicates the role of context-specific control and challenges the contextual similarity principle. Following this, we show the importance of distinct probe contexts in the single-prime negative-priming procedure and report a novel finding that illustrates a learning effect that can occur within an experimental session. Finally, we test the relation of our novel learning effect to a related learning proposal offered by Frings and Wentura (2006), and we demonstrate that the learning involved in context-specific control is not dependent on contingency learning. Overall, the patterns of results highlight the role of context-sensitive memory in controlling how current perception and action are integrated with prior experience.
Behavior problems in nephrotic syndrome.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the adaptive competences and behavioral problems in children with nephrotic syndrome, and whether their mothers also showed features of psychosocial stress. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Pediatric Out-Patient Department. SUBJECTS Seventy consecutive patients of nephrotic syndrome, between the ages of 4 to 14 years, and their mothers constituted cases. The control group, matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status comprised of 46 children and their mothers. The mother's description of the child's behavior, on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), was obtained to assess behavioral problems and social competences. The level of anxiety in the mother was assessed using the PGI Health Questionnaire N2. RESULTS Children with nephrotic syndrome showed features of depressed, hyperactive or aggressive behavior. Somatic complaints, social withdrawal and poor school performance were also observed. These problems did not interfere with compliance to treatment and only 7 patients required psychological interventions. Boys with nephrotic syndrome had more hyperactive and aggressive behavior as compared to girls. The scores on the CBCL were well correlated with the anxiety scores of the mother. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest the presence of minor behavior problems in a significant proportion of children with nephrotic syndrome. The severity of these problems may be related to the attitude of the mother towards the child's illness.
Cytotoxicity of exfoliated transition-metal dichalcogenides (MoS2 , WS2 , and WSe2 ) is lower than that of graphene and its analogues.

Studies involving transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been around for many decades and in recent years, many were focused on using TMDs to synthesize inorganic analogues of carbon nanotubes, fullerene, as well as graphene and its derivatives with the ultimate aim of employing these materials into consumer products. In view of this rising trend, we investigated the cytotoxicity of three common exfoliated TMDs (exTMDs), namely MoS2 , WS2 , and WSe2 , and compared their toxicological effects with graphene oxides and halogenated graphenes to find out whether these inorganic analogues of graphenes and derivatives would show improved biocompatibility. Based on the cell viability assessments using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-8) assays on human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) following a 24 h exposure to varying concentrations of the three exTMDs, it was concluded that MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets induced very low cytotoxicity to A549 cells, even at high concentrations. On the other hand, WSe2 exhibited dose-dependent toxicological effects on A549 cells, reducing cell viability to 31.8 % at the maximum concentration of 400 μg mL(-1) ; the higher cytotoxicity displayed by WSe2 might be linked to the identity of the chalcogen. In comparison with graphene oxides and halogenated graphenes, MoS2 and WS2 were much less hazardous, whereas WSe2 showed similar degree of cytotoxicity. Future in-depth studies should be built upon this first work on the in vitro cytotoxicity of MoS2 and WS2 to ensure that they do not pose acute toxicity. Lastly, nanomaterial-induced interference control experiments revealed that exTMDs were capable of reacting with MTT assay viability markers in the absence of cells, but not with WST-8 assay. This suggests that the MTT assay is not suitable for measuring the cytotoxicity of exTMDs because inflated results will be obtained, giving false impressions that the materials are less toxic.
Advances in Brief Induction of Carcinogenesis by Concurrent Inactivation of p 53 and Rb 1 in the Mouse Ovarian Surface Epithelium 1

Alterations in p53 and Rb pathways are observed frequently in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, their roles in EOC initiation remain uncertain. Using a single intrabursal administration of recombinant adenovirus expressing Cre, we demonstrate that concurrent inactivation of p53 and Rb1 is sufficient for reproducible induction of ovarian epithelial carcinogenesis in mice homozygous for conditional gene alleles. Similarly to progression of disease in women, ovarian neoplasms spread i.p., forming ascites, and metastasize to the contralateral ovary, the lung, and the liver. These results establish critical interactions between p53 and Rb1 pathways in EOC pathogenesis, and provide a genetically defined immunocompetent mouse model of sporadic EOC.
Sparre Andersen identity and the last passage time

Abstract It is shown that the celebrated result of Sparre Andersen for random walks and Lévy processes has intriguing consequences when the last time of the process in (-∞, 0], say σ, is added to the picture. In the case of no positive jumps this leads to six random times, all of which have the same distribution—the uniform distribution on [0, σ]. Surprisingly, this result does not appear in the literature, even though it is based on some classical observations concerning exchangeable increments.
The potential for crizotinib in non-small cell lung cancer: a perspective review

Tyrosine kinases have a crucial role as key regulators of signaling pathways that influence cell differentiation and growth. Dysregulation of tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling is understood to be an important oncogenic driver. Genetic rearrangements involving the tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene occur in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anaplastic large cell lymphomoas, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and other cancers. Cells with abnormal ALK signaling are sensitive to ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib. This review will highlight the discovery of the fusion between echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and ALK as an oncogenic driver, recognition of other ALK gene rearrangements in NSCLC, and the confirmation that crizotinib is an effective treatment for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Work is underway to further define the role for crizotinib in the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancer and other cancers and to investigate the molecular mechanisms for resistance to ALK inhibition with crizotinib.
IgE Reactivity Patterns in Patients with Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis to Ragweed and Mugwort Pollens

Background Differential diagnosis between ragweed and mugwort pollen allergy represents a large clinical problem in areas where both plants are present. The aim of this study was to investigate ragweed- and mugwort-sensitized patients to identify specific IgE reactivity profiles. Results were correlated to clinical findings such as medical history and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Methods Seventy-four patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis between July and October were examined and underwent in vivo tests (skin-prick test [SPT] and nasal provocation). Sera were evaluated for IgE reactivity to mugwort and ragweed pollen extracts, major (Art v 1; Amb a 1) and minor (profilin and calcium-binding protein) allergens. HRQL was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Results Seventy-one patients revealed positive SPT reactivity against mugwort and 60 patients against ragweed extracts. Of these patients, 74 revealed IgE antibodies against mugwort extracts, whereas anti–Art v 1 antibodies were detectable in 50 individuals. Fifty-five patients showed IgE antibodies against natural ragweed extracts; anti–Amb v 1 antibodies were detected in six cases only. Using standardized clinical history and HRQL questionnaires we were not able to detect any differences within different reactivity patterns. Conclusion Within the investigated population of 74 weed-allergic patients the prevalence of true mugwort and ragweed sensitization can be calculated as 68 and 8%. High prevalence of ragweed sensitization when testing with full extracts can be explained by cross-reactivity between other weeds, e.g., mugwort rather than cosensitization. Differences in medical history and HRQL between different reactivity patterns were not detectable.
Boys with Reading Disabilities and/or ADHD

We examined distinctions in the early childhood characteristics of boys with reading disabilities (RD) and/or attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A four-group mixed design consisting of boys identified at age 11 with reading disabilities only (RD only; n = 46), reading disabilities and ADHD (RD/ADHD; n = 16), ADHD only (n = 20), and a comparison group (n = 281) was utilized. Differences on receptive and expressive language and temperament for ages 3 and 5 were investigated. Analyses indicated that the boys from the RD-only group performed worse on measures of receptive and expressive language. The results also indicated that boys from the RD/ADHD groups consistently performed worse on measures of receptive language and exhibited more behaviors indicative of an undercontrolled temperament. In summary, we suggest that reading disabilities and ADHD represent moderately unique disorders that frequently co-occur and are characterized by distinct developmental pathways.
Reproducibility of Cephalometric Measurements

This cephalometric study was undertaken to compare and contrast the errors involved in taking linear and angular measurements using three different methods; hand instruments on tracing, digitization of tracings, and direct digitization of the radiographs. Of the three methods direct digitization of the radiographs proved to be the most reproducible particularly with angular measurements, although statistically significant differences were rarely found. Tracings were advantageous only with linear measurements involving constructed points such as Gonion and Articulare. Traditional methods of measurement using a ruler and protractor compared well with computer based methods involving the digitizer.
Acute pancreatitis in the use of canagliflozin: A rare side-effect of the novel therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Canagliflozin (Invokana) is an innovative treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) approved in a new class acknowledged as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Acute pancreatitis is a very rare side effect with an incidence <1%. a 50-year-old white male with DM type 2 presented to the emergency department with acute onset of abdominal pain after 4 days treatment with canagliflozin. He was successfully diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis induced by acute pancreatitis. Canagliflozin was discontinued. His diabetic ketoacidosis was improved after aggressive intravenous fluid along with intravenous insulin infusion. Our case demonstrates very rare but serious side effect, acute pancreatitis in the use of canagliflozin. As the utility of canagliflozin expands, physicians must be aware of this potentially fatal adverse effect. More specific details on potential candidates for this novel therapy are urgently needed.
Thiosemicarbazones from the old to new: iron chelators that are more than just ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.

Iron chelators have potential therapeutic use for the treatment of cancer. Studies with a range of chelators indicate that Fe chelation alone is not enough to generate compounds with pronounced antitumor efficacy. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated that chelators containing hard electron donors such as oxygen typically lead to ligands that bind Fe with high affinity that do not have pronounced antitumor efficacy. Such compounds aremore suitable for the treatment of iron-overload disease, e.g., β-thalassemia major. In contrast, ligands with soft donors such as sulfur and nitrogen lead to compounds that can redox cycle and induce a "double punch", namely, marked chelation and redox activity. Such compounds include the thiosemicarbazone chelators such as 3-AP and the ApT, BpT, and DpT series. Detailed investigations of the thiosemicarbazone group of ligands have demonstrated that they are highly effective chelators that, besides RR, also target a range of other molecules including NDRG1 and top2α, all of which contribute to their anticancer effects.