Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foley Catheter Compared With the Controlled-Release Dinoprostone Insert: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To assess efficacy of the Foley catheter compared with the dinoprostone vaginal insert for beginning labor inductions at or near term. METHODS: We performed a multicenter randomized controlled trial. We enrolled women at 36 weeks of gestation or greater with a singleton live fetus in cephalic presentation, intact membranes, an unfavorable cervix (dilation less than 3 cm; if 2 cm, less than 80% effaced), and no contraindication to labor or either study agent. Women were allocated to either a cervical Foley catheter inflated to 30 mL or dinoprostone for up to 12 hours. Oxytocin was allowed only after study agent removal. The primary outcome was time from agent placement to delivery. Secondary outcomes included delivery by 24 hours, vaginal delivery by 24 hours, time to vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery rate, and rate of tachysystole. Analysis was by intent-to-treat. RESULTS: We enrolled 376 patients, 185 allocated to Foley catheter and 191 to dinoprostone. In the Foley catheter group, time to delivery was shorter (median 21.6 compared with 26.6 hours; P=.003), more patients delivered within 24 hours (56% compared with 40%; P=.003), more delivered vaginally within 24 hours (44% compared with 30%; P=.004), and time to vaginal delivery was shorter (median 20.1 compared with 24.3 hours; P=.005). The cesarean delivery rates were 29% compared with 39% (P=.07). Uterine tachysystole occurred in 0% compared with 3% (P=.06). CONCLUSION: Starting labor inductions with a Foley catheter, compared with the dinoprostone vaginal insert, results in a shorter time to delivery and a higher proportion of women delivered and delivered vaginally within 24 hours. Cesarean delivery rates were not statistically significantly different. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT01402050. LEVEL OF EVIEDENCE: I
A new large cynodont from the Late Permian (Lopingian) of the South African Karoo Basin and its phylogenetic significance

The Karoo Basin of South Africa has the best global record of Lopingian (Late Permian) non-mammaliaform cynodonts, currently represented by five species. We describe Vetusodon elikhulu gen. et sp. nov., documented by four specimens from the Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone. With a basal skull length of ~18 cm, it is the largest Lopingian cynodont and is also larger than Induan representatives of the group. Vetusodon elikhulu has a cranial morphology that departs notably from that previously documented for Permo-Triassic cynodonts. It features a short and extremely wide snout, resembling that of the contemporaneous therocephalian Moschorhinus, and has large incisors and canines that contrast with the small unicusped postcanines, suggesting a more important role of the anterior dentition for feeding. The dentary is extremely long and robust, with the posterior margin located closer to the craniomandibular joint than in other Lopingian and Induan cynodonts (e.g. Thrinaxodon). The secondary palate morphology of V. elikhulu is unique, being short and incomplete and with the posterior portion of the maxilla partly covering the vomer. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that V. elikhulu is the sister taxon of Eucynodontia and thus the most derived of the Lopingian to Induan cynodonts yet discovered.
Modularity matters: a critical review and synthesis of service modularity

Purpose – The literature on modularity is extensive, but most research has been concerned with the manufacturing sector and much less with the service sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existing research, to provide a critique of the empirical literature on service modularity and to discuss future research opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – To perform this analysis of service modularity, a list of top-tier journals in the field of business management and organisation was compiled. From there, each and every article was identified, examined, coded and classified into high-level themes. These were then reviewed, analysed and interpreted. Findings – This paper argues that the application of modularity in services will likely be influenced by certain characteristics that distinguish services from products. Second, modularity, from the service perspective, has been closely connected to productisation of services, and the discussion of modularity related to services has been great.
Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air in patients with systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the lung production of nitric oxide (NO) in patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS The NO concentration and its rate of production by the lungs were measured in the exhaled air in 14 patients with systemic sclerosis and in 12 healthy control subjects using the chemiluminescent method. RESULTS The NO concentration and its rate of production were significantly increased in scleroderma patients (mean +/- SEM, 18.7 +/- 1.7 ppb and 5.8 +/- 0.5 nmol/min, respectively), as compared with control subjects (11.2 +/- 0.8 ppb and 4.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/min, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION The pulmonary production of NO is increased in scleroderma patients, which might reflect and contribute to the inflammatory processes of the lungs in systemic sclerosis.
Effect of hydrogen sulphide‐donating sildenafil (ACS6) on erectile function and oxidative stress in rabbit isolated corpus cavernosum and in hypertensive rats

To study the effect of the H2S‐donating derivative of sildenafil (ACS6) compared to sildenafil citrate and sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) on relaxation, superoxide formation and NADPH oxidase and type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) expression in isolated rabbit cavernosal tissue and smooth muscle cells (CSMCs), and in vivo on indices of oxidative stress induced with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO).
Arab Parents’ Involvement in School Reform in Israel

Current research indicates that parental involvement positively influences children's academic success. This study investigates parental involvement in the Arab education system in Israel, highlighting involvement in the New Horizon reform. We interviewed school principals and parent committee chairpersons from 15 Arab schools. The study confirmed recognized parent involvement patterns in schools: First, schools avoid involving parents, thereby limiting participation to material assistance. Second, schools view parents as a threat. Third, parents feel that schools promote academic achievement rather than education. We suggest paths to encourage meaningful parent involvement to improve the Arab education system in Israel, relevant also to educators in other developing societies.
A multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia.

BACKGROUND Zolpidem is a short-acting, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic with rapid onset of action. Even though it is not a benzodiazepine, it binds to one of three types of central benzodiazepine receptors, showing selective binding to the type 1 benzodiazepine receptor subtype. Therapeutic hypnotic dosages do not disturb normal sleep patterns (sleep architecture). METHOD A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group multicenter trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of 10 mg and 15 mg of zolpidem in the long-term (35 nights) treatment of chronic insomnia in 75 patients. Sleep stage effects and motor and cognitive effects during the 35-night treatment period and the 3-night posttreatment period were also investigated. RESULTS Within the first week of treatment, 10 mg of zolpidem had a significant effect on latency to persistent sleep and sleep efficiency. Efficacy was maintained throughout the 35 nights of drug administration. There was no evidence of residual effect with 10 mg of zolpidem. Stage 3-4 sleep was preserved at both the 10-mg and 15-mg zolpidem dosages. There was no evidence of tolerance at either dose and no significant treatment differences between the 10-mg zolpidem group and placebo in latency to persistent sleep or sleep efficiency during the posttreatment period. Also, the 10-mg zolpidem dosage was judged by the patients to have helped them fall asleep. Similar results were observed with the 15-mg zolpidem dosage. However, there were significant decreases in REM sleep at Weeks 3 and 4 with 15 mg of zolpidem compared with placebo. Overall, incidence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events in the zolpidem groups were similar to those in the placebo group. CONCLUSION This is the first sleep laboratory study using a parallel placebo group to demonstrate efficacy for longer than 4 weeks with a hypnotic agent. In this study 10 mg of zolpidem was found to be safe and effective for the long-term treatment of chronic insomnia, demonstrating hypnotic efficacy without affecting sleep stages or producing tolerance effects, rebound effects, or detrimental effects on psychomotor performance. The 15-mg zolpidem dosage provided no clinical advantage over the 10-mg zolpidem dosage.
Poverty, Place, and Coal Employment across Appalachia and the United States in a New Economic Era

The impacts of employment in the coal industry remain controversial. Few studies have investigated these impacts over the decade of the great recession and in light of the nation's changing energy economy. We bring together two long-standing rural sociological traditions to address debates framed at the national level and for Appalachian communities facing the throes of transition from the coal industry. Building from rural sociology's “poverty and place” tradition and from natural resources sociology, we examine the relationship between coal employment and communities’ economic well-being as indicated by poverty, household income, and unemployment. The study spans U.S. and Appalachian counties from 1990 to 2010. U.S. counties with greater coal employment in 1990 had lower income and higher poverty in 2000. Overall, however, coal employment's effect is mixed in the 1990–2000 decade. By contrast, for the recent 2000–2010 decade, coal employment is positively associated with indicators of well-being. In Appalachia, fewer employment alternatives outside mining are related to higher well-being. Our findings extend the poverty and place literature and the natural resources literature and underscore why a just transition away from coal should focus on moving communities toward sectors offering better future livelihoods.
Connectionism and the Learning of Probabilistic Concepts

Three experiments examine the claim of Gluck and Bower (1986, 1988a, 1988b) that the learning of medical concepts can be simulated by a connectionist network in which the symptoms are the input and the diagnosis is the output. The first experiment replicates the main finding of Gluck and Bower. In this experiment, subjects were required to estimate the probability of each of two diseases, given a particular target symptom. In fact these two probabilities were identical, but because one illness was more common than the other, the target symptom was a better predictor of the rare disease than of the common disease. Contrary to a normative probability judgement account, subjects were biased in that they judged the probability of the rare disease given the target symptom to be greater than the probability of the common disease given the target symptom. Gluck and Bower argued that such a result was predicted by a connectionist network using the Rescorla-Wagner learning rule, but it is argued that Gluck and Bower's network simulation was not appropriate for the experiment they had performed. In fact, it appeared that the connectionist network failed to predict the bias in the subjects’ probability estimates. However, this conclusion rests on an assumption that Gluck and Bower implicitly made. They arranged for P(rare disease/target symptom) and P(com-mon disease/target symptom) to be identical across all trials on which the target symptom occurred, both on its own and with other symptoms present. Gluck and Bower assumed that the subjects were estimating these probabilities. But the results of the second experiment showed instead that the subjects were estimating the probability of each disease given only the target symptom. In the final experiment the design was changed so that this problem might be circumvented. In this experiment, again, the subjects were biased in their probability judgements exactly as the connectionist network predicted. Thus, finally, evidence was found which was compatible with the network model but not with a normative account, but this was true only if the network did not include a layer of hidden units.
COMODIDAD DEL PACIENTE EN UNA UNIDAD DE CUIDADO INTENSIVO CARDIOVASCULAR

Patients with cardiovascular disease may require hospitalization in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (ICU), generating discomfort at multiple levels. Nursing as a discipline provides care to restore comfort. It is necessary to recognize comfort as complex and multidimensional phenomenon.Objective: To describe the comfort and the factors that affect it in the adult patient hospitalized in a UCIC.Methodology: Mixed approach involving a qualitative study and the collection of quantitative data in parallel to perform a triangulation. Sample corresponding to 45 patients in December 2015 and January 2016 in a UCIC of Bogota. We applied a semi-structured interview and the comfort instrument (GCQ) of KolcabaResults: Six categories and sixteen codes were obtained, the factors that altered the comfort were perception of not being able to carry out activities; Feeling confined, perception of much noise or having to do their bodily functions before unknown people. The factors that improve comfort are: to be able to count on the support of another person and the spiritual support.Conclusions: The level of comfort needs was high, the most committed area was the physical one. There are factors that facilitate comfort such as having a close person. The greatest discomfort is related to the inability to meet needs associated with hygiene, depending on other people to supply them. The mixed methodology allowed a broad description of the comfort of people in the UCIC.
Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987-92

Abstract Objective: To investigate whether outdoor air pollution levels in London influence daily mortality. Design: Poisson regression analysis of daily counts of deaths, with adjustment for effects of secular trend, seasonal and other cyclical factors, day of the week, holidays, influenza epidemic, temperature, humidity, and autocorrelation, from April 1987 to March 1992. Pollution variables were particles (black smoke), sulphur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, lagged 0-3 days. Setting: Greater London. Outcome measures: Relative risk of death from all causes (excluding accidents), respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease. Results: Ozone levels (same day) were associated with a significant increase in all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality; the effects were greater in the warm season (April to September) and were independent of the effects of other pollutants. In the warm season an increase of the eight hour ozone concentration from the 10th to the 90th centile of the seasonal range (7-36 ppb) was associated with an increase of 3.5% (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 5.3), 3.6% (1.04 to 6.1), and 5.4% (0.4 to 10.7) in all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality respectively. Black smoke concentrations on the previous day were significantly associated with all cause mortality, and this effect was also greater in the warm season and was independent of the effects of other pollutants. For black smoke an increase from the 10th to 90th centile in the warm season (7-19 µg/m3) was associated with an increase of 2.5% (0.9 to 4.1) in all cause mortality. Significant but smaller and less consistent effects were also observed for nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Conclusion: Daily variations in air pollution within the range currently occurring in London may have an adverse effect on daily mortality. Key messages Evidence from other countries suggests that similar levels of pollution may be associated with short term health effects This study suggests that air pollution due to particles and ozone may be associated with increased daily mortality in London The evidence is less convincing for nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide It would be prudent to assume that these associations are causal and to reduce air pollution levels with the help of appropriate abate- ment policies
The Clinical Features of Bulimia Nervosa

Summary The clinical features of 35 patients with bulimia nervosa are described. All the patients came from the Oxford area and each fulfilled conservative operational diagnostic criteria. Standardised assessment procedures were used including a structured interview designed to assess the psychopathology characteristic of patients with eating disorders. It was confirmed that these patients have grossly disturbed eating habits accompanied by morbid beliefs and values concerning their shape and weight. Although the majority had a weight within the normal range, a history of weight disturbance was common. There was a high degree of psychiatric morbidity with depressive symptoms being particularly prominent. A quarter of the sample had previously fulfilled diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, and this group closely resembled those patients with no such history.
A post-wall waveguide (SIW) matched load with thin-film resistor

A matched load for post-wall waveguide (SIW; Substrate Integrated Waveguide) is presented. It consists of an electrically-shorted post-wall waveguide and a rectangular thin-film resistor sheet on the surface of the waveguide, resulting in a quite compact structure without three-dimensional bulky absorber as in conventional waveguide matched loads. A fabricated X-band matched load has achieved less than −20 dB reflection in more than 20 % relative bandwidth.
No evidence for left superior temporal dysfunction in asymptomatic schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Background Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have revealed functional left superior temporal gyrus (STG) abnormalities in symptomatic schizophrenia during word generation. Aims To discover if this dysfunction is present in asymptomatic schizophrenia. To determine whether, without concurrent symptomatology, schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPD) are distinguishable by differing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns during word generation. Method A PETverbal fluency protocol was applied to six patients with BPD in remission and six patients with asymptomatic schizophrenia. Analysis included 10 control subjects from a contemporaneous study. Results All groups showed relative reduction of rCBF in both superior temporal cortices. There were no quantitative differences in any group comparison. All groups exhibited negative covariation between rCBF in left prefrontal and right (but not left) temporal regions. Conclusions Abnormal patterns of left STG function cannot be regarded as a trait marker for schizophrenia. Functional abnormalities may reflect aspects of mental state.
Cryoablation of Typical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Children: Six Years’ Experience and Follow‐Up in a Single Center

Background: Cryoablation is an effective and safe treatment for children with supraventricular tachycardias when the reentry circuit is located near the atrioventricular (AV) junction. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive cryoablation procedures for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in children and young adults in a single pediatric center.
1H-MR spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, and diffusion-weighted imaging in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy.

PURPOSE Mild swelling of astrocytes is proposed as a key event in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MR spectroscopy), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and magnetization transfer imaging were performed in patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis and correlated with different clinical stages of hepatic encephalopathy to assess alterations in cerebral water metabolism in different subgroups of patients with cirrhosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five patients (26 alcoholics, 19 nonalcoholics [due to hepatitis C (n = 9), hemochromatosis (n = 2), primary chronic cholangitis (n = 2), hepatitis B (n = 1), Wilson disease (n = 1), cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 4)]) and 18 controls underwent (1)H-MR spectroscopy, magnetization transfer imaging, and DWI of the basal ganglia and normally appearing occipital white matter (NAWM). N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mIns), and glutamine/glutamate (Glx) relative to creatine (Cr), the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC), and the magnetization transfer ratios (MTR) were correlated to the neuropsychologic status, which was assessed by computerized psychometry and mental state grading, according to the West Haven criteria. RESULTS Compared with controls, nonalcoholic subjects exhibited a gradual increase of Glx/Cr in the basal ganglia and NAWM; a decrease in mIns/Cr; a significant decrease of MTR in the thalamus, the putamen, the pallidum, and NAWM; and an increase in the ADC of the NAWM with increasing hepatic encephalopathy severity. In alcoholics, mIns/Cr of the basal ganglia and the NAWM, Cho/Cr of the basal ganglia, and MTR of all assessed regions were decreased. Glx/Cr of the basal ganglia and of the NAWM was increased, compared with that of controls; but no correlation to the clinical hepatic encephalopathy grading was found. ADC did not change significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Apart from a typical pattern of (1)H-MR spectroscopy alterations in hepatic encephalopathy, a gradual decrease in MTR and an increase of ADC was found correlating to clinical grading of hepatic encephalopathy in nonalcoholic patients with cirrhosis. In alcoholic patients with hepatic encephalopathy, there was no such correlation. Abnormalities detected by MR imaging may hint at different pathways of brain damage in alcohol-induced liver disease.
Research Knowledge of Advanced Standing and Traditional Students: Implications for BSW Education

The advanced standing model of social work education, which affords graduate credit to qualified BSW students who pursue their MSW, has not been without issue or controversy, including questions of potential differences in performance on various educational outcomes. Specifically related to research curriculum, the importance of which is often not wholly embraced by students, this article reports the results of a secondary data analysis comparing research knowledge among advanced standing and traditional MSW students as well as among the various undergraduate majors (i.e., BSW, psychology, and sociology). Results suggest that research knowledge is similar and low across student subgroups. Important differences in research knowledge were found among student groups based on undergraduate major, with BSW undergraduates without advanced standing, on average, scoring lower than any other group. Implications for BSW research curriculum are considered.