Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Number of Natural Teeth and Chewing Qat Habit among Adult Yemeni People in Sana’a: A Pilot Study

Aims and Objectives: Several studies have reported associations between the habit of chewing qat and the deterioration of periodontal health among adults in Yemen; however, qat's effect on the number of teeth has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this observational study was to examine the relationship between the number of natural teeth and qat-chewing status among Yemeni participants. Materials and Methods: The participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire by a researcher on the day of the dental check-up. The surveyed items were age, sex, chewing-qat status (nonchewer; current chewer, nonsmoker; current chewer and smoker; current chewer, ex-smoker; ex-chewer, never smoked; ex-chewer and smoker). The dental examination was conducted with dental mirrors by a single examiner under sufficient artificial light. A linear regression was performed, stratified by sex, with the number of natural teeth as the dependent variable and with age and qat status as independent variables using SAS/STAT software. Results: Results show that age was a significant factor for both males and females having few natural teeth. Females had a higher tooth loss than males. The habit of chewing qat did not affect the number of natural teeth for both males and females. In males, a small, but not significant, relationship between chewing-qat status and the number of natural teeth was found. All smokers were qat chewers. Conclusions: This study highlights for the first time the relationship between having fewer teeth and the habit of chewing qat and provides useful findings for dental health workers to advise people about the benefits of cessation of both qat chewing and smoking.
Adoption and Impact of Micro Irrigation on Households Income: The case of Bambasi Woreda

Micro irrigation is one of the most useful irrigation systems designed to increase production and productivity; and reduces risk, related with rainfall variability and increases income of rural farm households too. Not surprisingly, planners, researchers, development practitioners, and donors emphasize the importance of micro irrigation in their policy recommendations and actual measures. So, this study examines the adoption and impact of micro irrigation on farm households’ income in Bambasi Woreda. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors that determine the adoption and impact of micro irrigation on the income of rural households. This paper is used a cross-sectional household level survey data. Multistage sampling was employed to select the four kebeles from Bambasi woreda. The information is obtained from a total sample of 383 randomly selected households. Of these total sample households, 169 households are micro irrigation users, and 214 households are none users. Secondary data were collected from different sources. The data collected were analyzed through logit model and propensity score matching. As the result of the logit model reveals that gender, age, education, family size, non-farm participation, access to irrigation water, extension service, frequency of DAs(Department of Agriculture ), total livestock unit, and market distance in kilometers are statistically significant and economically meaningful variables which significantly affect the probability of adoption of micro-irrigation of the households. Similarly, the estimates of the propensity score matching exhibits that gender, age, education, family size of the household heads, non-farm participation, social participation land size in hectare, access to irrigation water, extension service, frequency of DAs contact, total livestock unit and market distance in kilometer are the statistically significant variables which significantly affects income of micro-irrigation. Furthermore, the nearest neighbor, radius, kernel and stratification matching methods show a statistically significant result with bootstrapped standard errors and the average treatment effect for treatments of the radius and kernel matching is 14,431.78 birr where as the ATT of the nearest neighbor and stratification matching is 14,451.68 birr and 14,392.00 birr respectively as compared to the control groups. The result of ATT shows a significant income difference.
Myelin‐Associated Glycoprotein: Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemical Localization in Compact Developing and Adult Central Nervous System Myelin

Abstract: Light microscopic immunocytochemical studies have shown that myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is localized in myelin of the developing CNS; but in the adult, MAG appears to be restricted to periaxonal regions of myelinated fibers. To extend these observations, we embedded optic nerves of 15‐day‐old rats, adult rats, and an adult human in epon after aldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation. After 5% H2O2 pretreatment, thin sections were immunostained with 1:250–1:5,000 rabbit antiserum to rat CNS MAG according to the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Dense deposits of reaction product covered compact myelin in both developing and adult optic nerves. When we used 1:500, 1:1,000, and 1:2,000 anti‐MAG, less intense immunostaining of myelin was found. We also obtained the same localization in compact myelin with the peroxidaseantiperoxidase (PAP) method. With 1:250 anti‐MAG, dense deposits of reaction product were not observed on axolemmal membranes or on oligodendroglial membranes located periaxonally and paranodally. In thin sections of adult human optic nerve, anti‐MAG also stained compact myelin intensely. When thin sections of rat and human optic nerves were treated with preimmune or absorbed serum, no immunostaining was observed. Immunoblot tests showed that our MAG antisera did not react with any non‐MAG myelin proteins. In contrast with earlier light microscopic data, this study shows that MAG localization does not change during CNS development; both developing and adult compact myelin sheaths contain MAG. As many biochemical studies also show that MAG is present in compact myelin, we suggest that this 100,000 dalton glycoprotein now be called myelin glycoprotein (MGP) instead of MAG.
Melanoma recurrence in a previously dissected lymph node basin.

OBJECTIVES To retrospectively assess whether completeness of node dissection has any bearing on regional control in cutaneous melanoma and to examine the efficacy of a subsequent dissection in patients with isolated nodal recurrence. DESIGN Case series, 18-month minimum follow-up. SETTING Academic surgical practice. STUDY PARTICIPANTS Patients with cutaneous melanoma who had undergone a regional node dissection and subsequently developed recurrence in the same nodal basin in which a lymphadenectomy had been performed with no evidence of distant metastases. Of 1030 instances of regional node dissection, 28 met these criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nodal recurrence in the previously dissected lymph node basin as the only site of recurrence and survival following a subsequent lymph node dissection. RESULTS The 28 instances of isolated nodal recurrence represent a regional failure rate of 2.7%. In those cases where the first dissection was performed within our division, the rate is 0.8%. Recurrence for cervical, axillary, or inguinal sites was similar. In 71% of the cases, more than one node was positive at the time of recurrence. Four patients have shown disease-free survival greater than 3 years following a subsequent lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSION Node dissection is a therapeutic procedure and, therefore, must consist of complete lymphadenectomy with meticulous attention to surgical detail. Approached in this fashion, only a small subgroup of patients will show recurrence in a previously dissected nodal basin, a few of whom can be salvaged by a second dissection.
Impact of Zidovudine Plus Lamivudine or Zalcitabine on Health-Related Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of treatment with zidovudine plus lamivudine or zalcitabine on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with HIV. DESIGN: HRQOL assessments were conducted as part of a double-blind, randomized, 24-week (extended to 52 wk) efficacy and safety study. The Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV), which assesses 10 physical and psychological domains of HRQOL, was self-administered by patients at baseline and at weeks 16, 32, 52, or at treatment discontinuation. SETTING: Twenty-one outpatient centers in the US, Canada, and Puerto Rico. PATIENTS: The study enrolled 254 HIV-positive patients (CD4+ 100–300 cells/mm3); 206 patients completed the MOS-HIV at baseline and at least once during treatment. Post hoc analyses stratified patients into two subgroups: AIDS (CD4+ <200 cells/mm3) and non-AIDS (CD4+ ≥200 cells/mm3). INTERVENTIONS: Patients received zidovudine 200 mg three times daily plus one of the following: lamivudine 150 mg twice daily, lamivudine 300 mg twice daily, or zalcitabine 0.75 mg three times daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in MOS-HIV scores from baseline to last completed questionnaire. RESULTS: Following an average of 36 weeks of treatment, there were statistically significant differences across treatment groups in mean change scores on the physical functioning, role functioning, and vitality scales, with stable or increased (improved) scores in the zidovudine plus lamivudine 150 mg group and decreased scores in the zidovudine plus zalcitabine and zidovudine plus lamivudine 300 mg groups for most scales. Post hoc analyses found that in the non-AIDS subgroup, only the zidovudine plus lamivudine 150 mg group had increases in mean MOS-HIV scores (on 8 of 10 scales); in the AIDS subgroup, all but two MOS-HIV scores (in the zidovudine plus zalcitabine group) decreased in all three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, of the three combination therapies studied, zidovudine plus lamivudine 150 mg was most likely to maintain or improve HRQOL in HIV-positive patients.
Service-Quality Criteria of Web Recruiters: A Content Analysis

Despite the widespread use of ICT systems in e-recruiting services, there is little research on how recruiters judge the quality of different e-recruiting services. We explore, from the recruiters' perspective, staffing quality improvements and limitations since beginning to use e-recruiting services, the most frequent requests emailed by recruiters to an external e-recruiting service, and the criteria recruiters associate with high e-service quality and how e-service quality can be enhanced. We interviewed 73 recruiters and content-analyzed a large data set of e-mail communications between recruiters and service personnel of an e-recruiting portal for university graduates. Surprisingly, recruiters judge the quality of e-recruiting services primarily by the quantity and not necessarily on the quality of applications, high number of visits to the website, clicks on published job ads, page impressions, successful placements, the size of the applicant pool, and the quality of cooperation with other media channels so as to reach more applicants.
Exploring the High Reinjury Rate in Younger Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Younger age is being increasingly recognized as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury after ACL reconstruction. Recent reports estimate second ACL injury rates to be in the range of 20% to 40%, which is a significant concern and requires further exploration. Purpose: The primary purpose was to determine the rates of graft rupture and injury to the contralateral native ACL in younger athletes. We also sought to explore the influence of sex and age groupings (<18 years vs 18-19 years at the time of surgery) on the risk of subsequent ACL injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 354 consecutive patients who were younger than 20 years when they underwent their first primary hamstring tendon autograft ACL reconstruction. The number of subsequent ACL injuries (graft rupture or a contralateral injury to the native ACL) was determined at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 3-10 years). Subgroup analysis included sex and age (<18 years vs 18-19 years at the time of surgery) comparisons. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the timing of ACL graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury. Results: The overall follow-up rate was 89% (316/354). Graft ruptures occurred in 57 patients (18%) at an average time of 1.8 years after surgery. Almost half (47%) occurred within the first postoperative year, and 74% occurred within the first 2 years. The highest graft rupture rate of 28.3% was in the youngest males (<18 years), and this was significantly higher than in females of the same age (12.9%), as well as in male patients older than 18 years (13.8%). Contralateral ACL injuries occurred in 56 patients (17.7%) at an average time of 3.7 years after surgery. There were no significant age- or sex-based differences for contralateral ACL injuries. The total number of patients who had at least 1 further ACL injury subsequent to the primary surgery was 110 (35%). Conclusion: The high rate of subsequent ACL injury in younger patients was confirmed. Early graft ruptures were more prevalent in patients who underwent surgery when they were younger than 18 years versus those in the 18- to 19-year age group. Males had higher rates of graft rupture than did females, with the youngest males (<18 years) at the highest risk in the investigated cohort.
Usefulness of the Corporate Annual Reports: Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange

Investors often make decisions based on information provided through different sources such as Corporate Annual Reports, Corporate news, and other media. This study is undertaken to examine the usefulness aspect of the corporate annual reports. A primary dataset composed of 38 participants of which 30 people were general investors and 8 people were stockbrokers was collected through a questionnaire survey. The study has found out that general investors perceive corporate annual reports, newspaper news, and media reviews are as the most significant sources of information. On the other hand, the study has established that stockbrokers consider company annual reports, interim reports, newspaper and media news, stock market publication, and technical analysis as the important sources of information. Also, to the general investors, most significant components of the annual reports are audit committee report, balance sheet, income statement, and statement of changes in equity, and 3 or 5-year reviews (including useful ratios). To the stockbrokers, the most essential components of the annual report are auditor's report to shareholders, balance sheet, income statement, and balance sheet notes. General investors read the balance sheet and income statement more thoroughly than any other components of annual reports. Stockbrokers read auditor's report to shareholders, balance sheet, income statement, balance sheet notes, and income statement notes more thoroughly than any other components of annual reports.
Cold Feet from Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma

stopped taking thyroxine altogether for a short period, did the TSH rise, by which time the pituitary tumour had caused hydrocephalus severe enough to produce confusion, incontinence and falls. Although the dose of thyroxine required to maintain the euthyroid state has been reported to fall with age,5 this would not have been a plausible explanation for the rapid decline in TSH seen in this patient. Had the free thyroxine also been measured, it might have prompted a search for other causes of a falling TSH during thyroxine replacement and led to diagnosis of the macroprolactinoma before the development of hydrocephalus. Acknowledgment We thank Dr J Kraemer for supplying details of thyroid function tests performed before the acute episode. REFERENCES
Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Ethanolic Extract of the root of Oncoba spinosa (Flacourtiaceae) in Rodents

Purpose: To investigate the toxicological profile of the ethanol extract of Oncoba spinosa (EEOS) after acute and sub-chronic administration to rodents. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the extract at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, was given to the mice. Mice were observed for general behavioural changes, adverse effects and mortality up to 14 days post-treatment. In sub-acute toxicity studies, EEOS was given orally to male and female rats at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. Body weight, food intake and water intake were monitored throughout the experimental period; hematological parameters, biochemical parameters of the blood and histopathology of various organs were also evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results: In the acute toxicity study, both the doses used did not cause any mortality or significant behavioural changes. Daily oral administration of EEOS for 28 days, in the sub-chronic toxicity study, did not show any treatment-related abnormalities with regard to hematological and biochemical parameters. There were no significant differences in body weight and organ weight between the control and treated groups (p < 0.05). Histological analysis did not show any morphological changes in the major vital organs (liver, kidney, stomach, spleen, brain and heart) tested. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the extract may not have any single dose toxicity. The LD50 value is greater than 5000 mg/kg. The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was considered to be 1000 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively.
Spatial Dynamics of the Logistics Industry and Implications for Freight Flows

This project examines changes in the spatial pattern of warehousing and distribution (W&D) activities. W&D activities are decentralizing in response to rising land values and scale economies. Ultimately, the authors seek to understand whether these spatial shifts result in more truck VMT, or whether the efficiencies gained by larger scale operations allow offsetting savings, such as enabling the use of larger trucks or achieving higher average load factors. Understanding how these shifts are affecting truck VMT is essential for developing effective policies for managing truck VMT and their associated emissions. However, there is no good source for tract or zone level truck flow data, or for intra-metropolitan truck origin-destination data. As a first step, the authors focus on accessibility. From the literature on passenger travel, the authors know that travel distance is related to accessibility. Thus, changes in accessibility to goods markets should be a proxy for goods travel distance, all else equal. The authors examine changes in the spatial pattern of warehousing and distribution activities for the four largest California metropolitan areas: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Sacramento, and San Diego, using ZIP Code Business Patterns data for 2003 and 2013. The authors develop measures of decentralization and concentration. Their results are mixed. When using establishment counts, only Los Angeles shows a consistent pattern of decentralization. There is more evidence of decentralization when using employment counts, which is consistent with larger scale facilities being built at the periphery. Spatial patterns for the largest metro areas are quite different from those of the smaller metro areas. The authors surmise that higher development density and associated land prices push W&D activity to more distant areas. In contrast, W&D location in San Diego and Sacramento is relatively closer to employment, population, and the CBD. If all truck traffic were local, their results suggest possible increases in truck VMT, particularly for the largest metro areas. However, more than half of all commodity flows is non-local. The decentralization the authors observe is likely related to domestic and international trade, for which access to local markets is less important. More research is necessary to determine whether decentralization is a consistent trend in large metro areas, and, if so, whether impacts on truck VMT within metro areas is positive or negative.View the NCST Project Webpage
Rabies Virus P Protein Interacts with STAT1 and Inhibits Interferon Signal Transduction Pathways

ABSTRACT Rabies virus P protein is a cofactor of RNA polymerase. We investigated other potential roles of P (CVS strain) by searching for cellular partners using two-hybrid screening. We isolated a cDNA encoding the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) that is a critical component of interferon type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) signaling. We confirmed this interaction by glutathione S-transferase-pull-down assay. Deletion mutant analysis indicated that the carboxy-terminal part of P interacted with a region containing the DNA-binding domain and the coiled-coil domain of STAT1. The expression of P protein inhibits IFN-α- and IFN-γ-induced transcriptional responses, thus impairing the IFN-induced antiviral state. Mechanistic studies indicate that P protein does not induce STAT1 degradation and does not interfere with STAT1 phosphorylation but prevents IFN-induced STAT1 nuclear accumulation. These results indicate that rabies P protein overcomes the antiviral response of the infected cells.
Economic Policy and Food Security in Ethiopia

Ethiopia has an integrated approach to addressing nutrition. However, greater clarity is needed on the wider impact of policy on food and nutrition. We focus on the interrelationship between economic policy and nutrition policy (defined as including all food- and nutrition-relevant policy). While Ethiopia’s policy has had notable successes, particularly with addressing stunting, two key challenges remain. First, some indicators such as wasting and anaemia in children under five have shown far less improvement. Second, the bottom quintile of children has seen far more limited general improvement than the population as a whole. We argue that the focus of government policy needs to shift from food availability to broader issues of food acquisition and particularly food affordability, which is mediated through food prices and waged employment. Of particular concern is the rising price of animal-source products and other non-staple foods, which may be related to the challenges of addressing some nutritional indicators.
Flavor of Poultry Meat: A New Look at an Old Issue

In Japan, fast-growing broiler occupies over 90% of poultry meat production. Meanwhile, many of Japanese native breeds of chickens are on the verge of annihilation, because most of them have low meat yield and egg production. Recently, meat flavor produced from native chickens has been reevaluated in the Japanese market. Most high-quality chickens, “Jidori” in Japanese, were initially bred by crossing native Japanese breeds with highly selected lines with rapid growth rate or relatively high egg production. Japanese consumers recognize that the meat from Jidori chickens is more palatable than that from broiler chickens; however, the reason behind this rich flavor of Jidori meat has not been elucidated. We found that (1) the high arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6) content is a characteristic feature of Hinai-jidori meat, (2) chicken meat containing higher levels of ARA is more palatable than that containing low ARA content, and (3) single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2 gene cluster are associated with ARA content in meat. Our findings predict the beginning of a new era that the flavor of com - mercial chicken meat can be designed according to a commercial breeding program.