Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression with atypical features in the National Comorbidity Survey: classification, description, and consequences.

BACKGROUND Atypical depression has been found to be distinct from other types of depression in terms of psychiatric symptom profile and treatment response. However, debate continues regarding its specific characteristics, impact, and diagnostic criteria. The current study was conducted to increase understanding of atypical depression diagnosed using only the reversed vegetative symptoms of hypersomnia and hyperphagia. METHODS An atypical depression group (n = 304 [36.4% of the depressed sample; 39.0% when weighted to approximate the national population]) was identified within the US National Comorbidity Survey, which assessed psychiatric disorders among a nationally representative sample using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The atypical group was identified based on DSM-III-R criteria for a major depressive episode, in addition to atypical features of hypersomnia and hyperphagia. Comparison groups were those with nonatypical depression (n = 532) and individuals without a psychiatric disorder (n = 4071). RESULTS Compared with nonatypical depression, atypical depression was associated with a greater percentage of women and an earlier age of onset. The atypical group also reported higher rates of most depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts and attempts, psychiatric comorbidity (panic disorder, social phobia, and drug dependence), disability and restricted activity days, use of some health care services, paternal depression, and childhood neglect and sexual abuse (P<.05). Compared with people without psychiatric disorders, the atypical group reported higher rates of disability and restricted activity days, use of all mental health care services, parental depression, and childhood abuse (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This analysis of a nationally representative US sample suggests that overeating and oversleeping can be used to identify an atypical depression subgroup that is distinct from other depressed patients in terms of demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, and abuse history. Findings also suggest that atypical depression is associated with increased distress, suicidal ideation, and disability compared with nonatypical depression.
High Energy Efficiency Plasma Conversion of CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure Using a Direct-Coupled Microwave Plasma System

Energy and conversion efficiencies of the carbon dioxide (CO2) dissociation process at atmospheric-pressure conditions are investigated using a direct-coupled continuous microwave plasma system (MPS). Gas chromatography and mass spectrometer measurements were performed on the gas mixture postplasma treatment, over a range of specific energy inputs (SEIs) (0.06-0.6 eV mol-1), in order to determine species mass fractions of CO2, carbon monoxide, and oxygen. In this region of SEI, energy efficiency is maximized at the cost of conversion efficiency. The corresponding maximum observed quantities for conversion efficiency and energy conversion efficiency (ECE) occurred at conditions close to the end of the test range and are, respectively, 9% and 0.0048 L min-1W-1. The maximum throughput of CO2 converted was 0.59 L min-1, at an SEI of 0.1 eV mol-1 and an ECE of 0.004 L min-1W-1. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to approximate the rotational and vibrational temperatures of the plasma system to be in the range of 7000-8000 K. This paper suggests that an MPS is the most energy efficient method in dissociating CO2 under atmospheric pressure and, therefore, most suitable to be used in a CO2 recycling setup, which can further increase conversion rates.
Regulation of expression of male-specific rat liver microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

In the steroidogenic pathways present in the gonads and adrenal cortex, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase (3 beta HSD) is a key enzyme which controls the formation of delta 4-3-ketosteroids from delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids. Herein, we used an antibody against human placental 3 beta HSD and a rat testicular 3 beta HSD cDNA probe to study the expression of rat liver 3 beta HSD mRNA and protein. Rat liver microsomal 3 beta HSD activity has been previously reported to exhibit a significant sex difference, with much higher activity in the male. We have shown an age-dependent increase in levels of immunoreactive 3 beta HSD through the time of maturation of the male rat. The immunoreactive protein, of similar molecular size to the human placental and rat testicular 3 beta HSD, was localized to the microsomal fraction of liver and was concentrated in pericentral locations. Immunoreactive protein was not detected in liver of immature (before 25 days of age) rats of either sex or in adult female liver. Northern blot analysis of liver and testicular RNA with a rat testicular 3 beta HSD cDNA probe revealed the presence of a 1.6-kilobase mRNA species in addition to the major 2.1-kilobase mRNA species in adult male liver, neither of which was detected in immature or adult female liver RNA. Hypophysectomy of female rats or treatment with testosterone implants caused induction of liver 3 beta HSD protein, while continuous infusion of GH to male rats decreased the level of 3 beta HSD protein. Similarly, the levels of the mRNA species were decreased after GH treatment. Using [3 alpha-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate for 3 beta HSD activity, we determined the apparent Km for liver microsomal NAD(+)-dependent 3 beta HSD activity to be 20 microM in both adult male and female liver and was much greater than the Km of rat Leydig tumor 3 beta HSD activity (0.2 microM). Liver 3 beta HSD activity was inhibited by trilostane, a proven inhibitor of gonadal and adrenal 3 beta HSD activity. A rat liver 3 beta HSD cDNA was isolated from a male liver cDNA library that was closely related to the type II 3 beta HSD form of rat ovary but different from type III liver 3 beta HSD. The enzyme obtained upon expression of this cDNA had properties characteristic of male-specific NAD(+)-dependent liver microsomal 3 beta HSD (i.e. high apparent Km for dehydroepiandrosterone) and distinct from those of the high affinity gonadal type I 3 beta HSD. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Determinants of Mental Health Stigma Among Pharmacy Students in Australia, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, India and Latvia

Background: Healthcare professionals commonly exhibit negative attitudes toward people with mental disorders. Few international studies have sought to investigate the determinants of stigma. Objective: To conduct an international comparison of pharmacy students’ stigma towards people with schizophrenia, and to determine whether stigma is consistently associated with stereotypical attributes of people with schizophrenia. Method: Students (n = 649) at eight universities in Australia, Belgium, India, Finland, Estonia and Latvia completed a seven-item Social Distance Scale (SDS) and six items related to stereotypical attributes of people with schizophrenia. Results: Mean SDS scores were 19.65 (± 3.97) in Australia, 19.61 (± 2.92) in Belgium, 18.75 (± 3.57) in India, 18.05 (± 3.12) in Finland, and 20.90 (± 4.04) in Estonia and Latvia. Unpredictability was most strongly associated with having a high social distance in Australia (β = —1.285), the perception that people will never recover in India (β = — 0.881), dangerousness in Finland (β = —1.473) and the perception of being difficult to talk to in Estonia and Latvia (β = —2.076). Unpredictability was associated with lower social distance in Belgium (β = 0.839). Conclusion: The extent to which students held stigmatizing attitudes was similar in each country, however, the determinants of stigma were different. Pharmacy education may need to be tailored to address the determinants of stigma in each country.
Initial Experience Using Closed Incision Negative Pressure Therapy after Immediate Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction

Summary: Although immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction is favored over delayed reconstruction, it remains associated with high complication rates. Potential complications include seroma formation, dehiscence, infection, and tissue necrosis along incision edges. Closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT; Prevena Incision Management System, KCI, an Acelity company, San Antonio, Tex.) has been reported to help hold incision edges together, protect incisions from external contamination, and remove fluid and infectious material. We investigated outcomes of applying ciNPT with a customizable dressing over closed incisions in 13 patients (25 breasts) who received immediate postmastectomy reconstruction as part of 2-stage expander/implant breast reconstruction. Nipple-sparing mastectomy was performed on 14 breasts, reduction-pattern mastectomy on 6 breasts, and skin-sparing mastectomy on 5 breasts. All breasts had ciNPT with a customizable dressing applied over the entire clean closed incision immediately after surgery at −125 mmHg for an average of 4.3 days. At 3-month follow-up, 24 of the 25 (96%) breasts had achieved healing. Delayed hematoma occurred on postoperative day 13 in 1 breast in the nipple-sparing mastectomy group and resolved. In the reduction-pattern mastectomy group, superficial dehiscence occurred on 3 breasts and resolved with local wound care. One breast in that group developed flap necrosis requiring surgical revision. Less drainage was observed in attached closed-suction drains, so time to drain removal was reduced from an estimated average of 12–14 days to 8.2 days. Based on the initial experience in this study, larger studies are warranted to evaluate the use of ciNPT with customizable or peel-and-place dressings after immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction.
Social Media in Tertiary Education--Vhembe Further Education Training College Case Study.

Social media technologies are being widely used by students in institutions of higher education and these are transforming their way of learning, social conduct, communication and networking. The intend of this research was conducted to determine value of social media technologies to students in higher education but with a focus that was directed towards students in a vocational training college. A random sample of 105 students from Vhembe Further Education Training College (FET) participated in the study and they were the following departments, Business/Finance, Engineering, Hospitality and Tourism. Analysis of results was executed through application of SPSS statistical package. Findings show that social media technology has infused a new culture of learning among students. In addition, social media applications which are being widely used by students for learning activities that include studying, access of education content, and social communication are: Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter and YouTube.
The Relationship Between Teachers' Perceptions of Response to Intervention (RTI) Implementation Factors and Self-Reported RTI Implementation Efforts

The Relationship Between Teachers’ Perceptions of Response to Intervention (RTI) Implementation Factors and Self-Reported RTI Implementation Efforts Kim Jones Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Response to Intervention (RTI) is an educational reform effort that is being implemented across the nation. Considering that the systematic implementation of the RTI process requires organizational change, teachers may be hesitant or resistant to engage in the change process. This study organizes the potential barriers of RTI implementation into the RTI implementation factors of vision, professional development, professional support, and time resources. This quantitative study explored the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of these RTI implementation factors and teachers’ self-reported RTI implementation in their classrooms. The survey results came from 553 elementary school teachers across the state of Utah (30% response rate). An analysis of the data showed that there is an impact of teachers’ perceptions of RTI implementation factors on their self-reported RTI implementation efforts. There were significant relationships between teachers’ perceptions of vision (p < .001), professional development (p < .001), and professional support (p < .001) and their perceived levels of personal RTI implementation. The findings of the current research will be used to help school leaders better understand which RTI implementation factors teachers’ perceive as being the most significant barriers to their implementation efforts in the classroom. The results will give administrators the knowledge they need to offer assistance to teachers in the areas identified as barriers so that RTI can be implemented in order to help all children learn at high levels.
Femtosecond laser: a new intradermal DNA delivery method for efficient, long‐term gene expression and genetic immunization

A femtosecond laser beam gene transduction (SG‐LBGT) system is described as a novel and efficient method of intradermal (i.d.) nonviral gene delivery in mice by permeabilizing cells utilizing femtosecond laser pulses. Using this approach, significant gene expression and efficient dermal transduction lasting for >7 months were obtained. The ability of this new DNA gene transfer method to enhance genetic vaccination was tested in BALB/C mice. A single i.d. injection of a plasmid (10 μg) containing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), followed by pulses of laser, induced high titers of HBsAg‐specific antibodies lasting for >210 days and increased levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IFNγ, and IL‐4, indicating the activation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. Moreover, mice vaccinated using the SG‐LBGT followed by challenge with pHBV showed increased protection against viral challenge, as detected by decreased levels of HBV DNA, suggesting an efficient Th1 effect against HBV‐infected replicating cells. Tumor growth retardation was induced in vacci‐nated mice challenged with an HBsAg‐expressing syn‐geneic tumor. In most of the parameters tested, administration of plasmid followed by laser application was significantly more effective and prolonged than that of plasmid alone. Tissue damage was not detected and integration of the plasmid into the host genomic DNA probably did not occur. We suggest that the LBGT method is an efficient and safe technology for in vivo gene expression and vaccination and emphasizes its potential therapeutic applications for i.d. nonviral gene delivery. —Zeira, E. , Manevitch, A. , Manevitch, Z. , Kedar, E. , Gropp, M. , Daudi, N. , Barsuk, R. , Harati, M. , Yotvat, H. , Troilo, P. J., Griffiths, T. G. , II, Pacchione, S. J., Roden, D. F. , Niu, Z. , Nussbaum, O. , Zamir, G. , Papo, O. , Hemo, I. , Lewis, A. , Galun, E. Femtosecond laser: a new intradermal DNA delivery method for efficient, long‐term gene expression and genetic immunization. FASEB J. 21, 3522–3533 (2007)
Peroxidase changes in Phoenix dactylifera palms inoculated with mycorrhizal and biocontrol fungi

In Morocco, yields of date palms are highly decreased by the pathogen fungi Fusarium oxysporum. To solve this issue, mycorrhizal fungi and biocontrol agents could enhance plant resistance to pathogens. Here, we studied peroxidases in roots and leaves of Phoenix dactylifera in response to inoculation with the fungi Glomus mosseae and Trichoderma harzianum. Date palm plants were harvested 57 weeks after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and biocontrol fungi. We measured the dry biomass, arbuscular colonization, cytochemistry of peroxidase, and peroxidase forms and activities in roots and leaves. Our results show that mycorrhization increased the plant dry biomass by about 57%. The rate of mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 25% to 30%. Peroxidase activity in roots colonized by T. harzianum alone was 1.6 times higher than in control plants. Peroxidase activity in roots colonized by G. mosseae and T. harzianum was about 2 times higher than in control plants. Peroxidase activity in leaves increased by + 419% when plants were inoculated by both fungi. The cytochemical results show an accumulation of structural substances in root cell walls after inoculation with T. harzianum. These structural substances may increase the mechanical strength of the host cell walls in order to inhibit pathogen invasion. Peroxidase activities were found in plant cell walls; the tonoplast and host plasmalemma in the chloroplast; mitochondrial membranes; and intercellular spaces of plants inoculated with G. mosseae and T. harzianum. SDS-PAGE analyses of leaf extracts gave a main band at 54 kDa for all the treatments. The stimulatory effect of Trichoderma on the peroxidase activity is a resistance mechanism of date plants to pathogens. The use of Trichoderma could thus be an alternative to chemicals in crop protection.
Establishing a Reference Baseline for Midday Stem Water Potential in Olive and Its Use for Plant-Based Irrigation Management

Midday stem water potential (SWP) is rapidly becoming adopted as a standard tool for plant-based irrigation management in many woody perennial crops. A reference or “baseline” SWP has been used in some crops (almond, prune, grape, and walnut) to account for the climatic influence of air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on SWP under non-limiting soil moisture conditions. The baseline can be determined empirically for field trees maintained under such non-limiting conditions, but such conditions are difficult to achieve for an entire season. We present the results of an alternative survey-based approach, using a large set of SWP and VPD data collected over multiple years, from irrigation experiments in olive orchards located in multiple countries [Spain, United States (California), Italy, and Argentina]. The relation of SWP to midday VPD across the entire data set was consistent with an upper limit SWP which declined with VPD, with the upper limit being similar to that found in Prunus. A best fit linear regression estimate for this upper limit (baseline) was found by selecting the maximum R2 and minimum probability for various upper fractions of the SWP/VPD relation. In addition to being surprisingly similar to the Prunus baseline, the olive baseline was also similar (within 0.1 MPa) to a recently published mechanistic olive soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum (SPAC) model for “super high density” orchard systems. Despite similarities in the baseline, the overall physiological range of SWP exhibited by olive extends to about −8 MPa, compared to about −4 MPa for economically producing almond. This may indicate that, despite species differences in physiological responses to low water availability (drought), there may be convergent adaptations/acclimations across species to high levels of water availability. Similar to its use in other crops, the olive baseline will enable more accurate and reproducible plant-based irrigation management for both full and deficit irrigation practices, and we present tentative SWP guidelines for this purpose.
CrcZ and CrcX regulate carbon source utilization in Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato strain DC3000

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important components of many regulatory pathways in bacteria and play key roles in regulating factors important for virulence. Carbon catabolite repression control is modulated by small RNAs (crcZ or crcZ and crcY) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of crcZ and crcX (formerly designated psr1 and psr2, respectively) is dependent upon RpoN together with the two-component system CbrAB, and is influenced by the carbon source present in the medium in the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. The distribution of the members of the Crc ncRNA family was also determined by screening available genomic sequences of the Pseudomonads. Interestingly, variable numbers of the Crc family members exist in Pseudomonas genomes. The ncRNAs are comprised of three main subfamilies, named CrcZ, CrcX and CrcY. Most importantly the CrcX subfamily appears to be unique to all P. syringae strains sequenced to date.
Phase 2 trial of high‐dose rituximab with high‐dose cytarabine mobilization therapy and high‐dose thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with central nervous system involvement by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

High‐dose thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used in patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite limited penetration into the CNS, rituximab is active in primary CNS NHL. Therefore, high‐dose rituximab was combined with TBC for ASCT in patients with CNS NHL.
Subdivisions and derivatives of the chicken subpallium based on expression of LIM and other regulatory genes and markers of neuron subpopulations during development

Here we studied the combinatory expression patterns of nine developmental regulatory genes and six markers of different neuronal subpopulations in the telencephalic subpallium of developing chicken, from early embryos until hatching, in order to better understand the formation and organization of the basal telencephalon and the origin of its different cell groups. The genes analyzed include those encoding for: the transcription factors Islet1, Lhx6, Lhx7/8, Nkx2.1, and Pax6; the signaling protein Sonic hedgehog; the LIM‐only genes Lmo3 and Lmo4; the cell adhesion molecule cadherin‐8; markers of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, or glutamatergic neurons; and markers of neuron subpopulations containing substance P, enkephalin, or neuropeptide Y. The combinatory expression patterns of these genes indicate that the chicken subpallium parcellates into eight molecularly different compartments during development (three striatal, three pallidal, and two preoptic subdivisions), and suggest that each compartment produces specific cell groups. Our data are particularly relevant for understanding the avian extended amygdala and suggest the existence of distinct central and medial extended amygdala complexes in the subpallium, as well as a pallial amygdalo‐hypothalamic cell corridor, which are comparable to homonymous complexes of mammals based on similar embryonic origin, molecular features, and some connectivity patterns. Our data also indicate that the dorsal and ventral parts of the chicken basal ganglia originate in different striatal and pallidal compartments, and suggest a massive migration of neurons from the pallidal compartment into the medial striatum, which may explain the existence of pallidal‐like cells within the medial striatum of birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:465–501, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of baseline positron emission tomography for predicting overall survival in patient with nonmetastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma

The value of baseline positron emission tomography (PET) for predicting overall survival (OS) or disease‐free survival (DFS) is unclear in patients with nondistant metastatic (locoregional only) esophageal carcinoma. The authors tested the hypothesis that, in this setting, the number of PET abnormalities (NPA) would correlate with OS and DFS.