Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free‐living and symbiotic lifestyles of a thermotolerant coral endosymbiont display profoundly distinct transcriptomes under both stable and heat stress conditions

Reef‐building corals depend upon a nutritional endosymbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae for the majority of their energetic needs. While this mutualistic relationship is impacted by numerous stressors, warming oceans are a predominant threat to coral reefs, placing the future of the world's reefs in peril. Some Symbiodiniaceae species exhibit tolerance to thermal stress, but the in hospite symbiont response to thermal stress is underexplored. To describe the underpinnings of symbiosis and heat stress response, we compared in hospite and free‐living transcriptomes of Durusdinium trenchii, a pan‐tropical heat‐tolerant Symbiodiniaceae species, under stable temperature conditions and acute hyperthermal stress. We discovered that symbiotic state was a larger driver of the transcriptional landscape than heat stress. The majority of differentially expressed transcripts between in hospite and free‐living cells were downregulated, suggesting the in hospite condition is associated with the shutdown of numerous processes uniquely required for a free‐living lifestyle. In the free‐living state, we identified enrichment for numerous cell signalling pathways and other functions related to detecting and responding to a changing environment, as well as transcripts relating to mitosis, meiosis, and motility. In contrast, in hospite cells exhibited enhanced transcriptional activity for photosynthesis and carbohydrate transport as well as chromatin modifications and a disrupted circadian clock. Hyperthermal stress induced drastic alteration of transcriptional activity in hospite, suggesting symbiotic engagement with the host elicited an exacerbated stress response when compared to free‐living D. trenchii. Altogether, the dramatic differences in gene expression between in hospite and free‐living D. trenchii indicate the importance of considering symbiotic state in investigations of symbiosis and hyperthermal stress in Symbiodiniaceae.
Effects of Race on Statin Prescribing for Primary Prevention With High Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Large Healthcare System

Background Although guidelines recommend statins with a high level of evidence for 4 primary prevention benefit groups, prescribing disparities still exist. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of race on statin prescribing for primary prevention. Methods and Results A retrospective cohort analysis of patients within a large academic health system was performed to investigate statin prescribing among primary prevention groups. The statin benefits groups were patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, with an low‐density lipoprotein ≥190 mg/dL, or with an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) 10‐year risk ≥7.5%. Statin prescribing was 20% in the ASCVD ≥7.5% group, followed by 37.8% in the low‐density lipoprotein ≥190 mg/dL group and 40.5% in the diabetes mellitus group. Blacks were less likely to be prescribed a statin compared with whites in the diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49–0.82; P=0.001) and ASCVD ≥7.5% groups (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.26–0.54; P<0.0001). Blacks 60 to 69 years of age (odds ratio, 7.97; 95% CI, 3.14–20.2; P=0.003) and 70 to 79 years of age (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.81–9.79; P=0.008) were more likely to be prescribed a statin compared with blacks <60 years of age in the ASCVD ≥7.5% group. Conclusions Blacks are less likely to be prescribed statins in diabetes mellitus and ASCVD ≥7.5% groups compared with whites. Younger blacks with ASCVD risk ≥7.5% are less likely to be prescribed statins compared with older blacks. Future research should focus on tailored interventions to address statin prescribing disparities in blacks.
EVALUATION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS IN HOSPITALIZED SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antipsychotic drug prescriptions in patients with schizophrenia in the in-patient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. 200 schizophrenic patients between the age group of 18-60 were enrolled in the study. In this observational study we collected the patient's information including age, sex and drug therapy details from the day of admission to the day of discharge. Data was analyzed for defined daily dose (DDD/100 bed days), prescribed daily dose (PDD) and then PDD to DDD ratio was calculated. The prescriptions are also assessed for completeness and rationality according to World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. The study report shows the following. Average number of drugs per prescription: 3.59. Percentage of antipsychotic drugs prescribed by generic name: 2.36%. Percentage of encounters for prescribing injections of antipsychotics: 30.50%. Percentage of fixed-dose combinations of antipsychotics: 5.84%. Percentage of antipsychotic drugs prescribed from WHO Essential Medicines List (EML): 30.08%. Percentage of antipsychotic drugs prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM): 25.62%. Ratio of PDD to DDD for olanzapine and aripiprazole was ≥ 1, which reflects the sufficiency of dosing. All the other antipsychotics showed a PDD to DDD ratio <1, which indicates under dosing.
Semantic fluency difficulties in developmental dyslexia and developmental language disorder (DLD): poor semantic structure of the lexicon or slower retrieval processes?

BACKGROUND Children with dyslexia and/or developmental language disorder (hereafter children with DDLD) have been reported to retrieve fewer words than their typically developing (TD) peers in semantic fluency tasks. It is not known whether this retrieval difficulty can be attributed to the semantic structure of their lexicon being poor or, alternatively, to words being retrieved more slowly despite semantic structure being intact. AIMS To test two theoretical models that could potentially account for retrieval difficulties in semantic fluency tasks, namely, the Poor Lexical-Semantic Structure Model and the Slow-Retrieval Model. Both models predict that children with DDLD will retrieve fewer items compared with TD children. However, while the Poor Lexical-Semantic Structure Model predicts a less sophisticated network of semantic connections between words in the lexicon, as evidenced by smaller clusters of related items in children with DDLD, the Slow-Retrieval Model predicts intact inter-item associations in the lexicon, as evidenced by the two groups' clusters being of a similar size. The groups' semantic fluency performance was therefore compared. How semantic fluency performance related to children's language, literacy, and phonological skills was also investigated. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 66 children with DDLD aged 7-12 years and 83 TD children aged 6-12 years, all monolingual Greek speakers, were tested on semantic fluency, using the categories 'animals', 'foods' and 'objects from around the house'. The numbers of correct and incorrect responses, clusters and switches, and the average cluster size were computed. Children were also assessed on non-verbal IQ, language, literacy and phonological tasks. OUTCOMES & RESULTS In both groups, productivity in semantic fluency tasks correlated strongly with the numbers of clusters and switches, but not with average cluster size. The DDLD group produced significantly fewer correct responses and fewer clusters compared with the TD group, but the two groups showed similar switching and average cluster size. Children's language, literacy and phonological skills significantly predicted the number of correct responses produced, beyond the significant effect of age. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS We conclude that poorer semantic fluency performance in children with DDLD results not from a lexicon with poor semantic structure, but rather from slower retrieval processes from a lexicon with intact semantic structure. The underlying causes of slow lexical retrieval still need further investigation.
Nutritional Qualities of Commercial Meal Kit Subscription Services in Australia

People are cooking at home less often and relying more on food prepared outside of the home, which is often of less nutritional value than home-cooked meals. The foodservice industry has endeavored to address barriers with the introduction of commercial meal kit subscription services (MKSSs). We aimed to assess and compare the nutritional qualities of MKSSs available in Australia. Average nutritional qualities per serve of 12 recipes (from four weekly boxes of three meals serving two people) were analyzed from five MKKSs (Dinnerly, HelloFresh™, MarleySpoon™, Pepper Leaf, Thomas Farms Kitchen). On average, MKSSs provided adequate serves of core foods, particularly of vegetables (2.3 ± 1.6–3.1 ± 1.8 serves per serve). Energy content ranged between 2891 ± 539 and 3904 kJ ± 890 per serve. All MKKSs were high in fat (39.5 ± 9.5–59.6 ± 11.2% of energy) and sodium (723 ± 404–1426 ± 688 mg per serve). All MKSSs met suggested dietary target level of dietary fiber for women, but none for men. If MKSS providers can modify recipes to reduce added salt and fat and increase dietary fiber, they have the potential to provide both men and women with nutritious meals that more closely align with the dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic disease, especially if meals are used as an alternative to energy-dense nutrient-poor takeaway and convenience foods.
Comparison of data-acquisition modes with Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for targeted and non-targeted residue screening in aquacultured eel.

RATIONALE A current trend in monitoring chemical contaminants in animal products is to use high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In this study, several HRMS data-acquistion modes using an Orbitrap MS for simultaneous full-scan MS in combination with MS2 analysis were evaulated for their effectiveness in detecting and identifying both targeted and non-targeted veterinary drug residues in aquacultured eel samples. METHODS Sample preparation consists of an acidic acetonitrile extraction with solid-phase extraction cleanup for analysis by LC/HRMS. Different data acquisition methods including full-scan MS with non-targeted all ion fragmentation (AIF), multiplexed or variable data independent analysis (mDIA, vDIA) as well as targeted data-dependent MS2 (DDMS2) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) acquisition were explored. The methods were evaluated with fortified eel tissue and imported eel samples to determine how many analytes could be detected and identified. RESULTS For non-targeted data acquisition, the number of analytes detected using DIA methods matched the results obtained by AIF, but the resulting product ion scans were more diagnostic because characteristic ions were predominant in the DIA MS2 spectra. In targeted analysis for a limited list of 68 compounds, a full-scan MS followed by PRM was advantageous compared with DDMS2 because high quality MS2 spectra were generated for almost all the analytes at target testing levels. CONCLUSION For residue screening, AIF has fast MS1 scan speed with adequate detection of product ions, but may lead to false positive findings. DIA methods are better suited to monitor for both targeted and non-targeted compounds because they generate more characteristic MS2 spectra for retrospective library searching. For follow-up targeted analysis, PRM is prefered over DDMS2 when searching for a limited set of compounds.
Abstinence Not Required: Expanding the Definition of Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder.

Nearly one-third of individuals in the United States meet lifetime criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD)(Grant et al., 2015). Fortunately, most individuals who develop an AUD will eventually resolve their problem, with "recovery" defined in various ways across studies (Dawson et al., 2005; Tucker et al., 2006, 2009; Witkiewitz et al., 2019). Having scientifically sound definitions of recovery from AUD that can be shared across population and individual levels of analysis is fundamental to recovery research.
The Enhanced Sensitivity of a Porous Silicon Microcavity Biosensor Based on an Angular Spectrum Using CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

To improve the detection sensitivity of porous silicon microcavity biosensors, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are used to label complementary DNA molecules for the refractive index amplification and angular spectrum method for detection. In this method, the TE mode laser is used as the detection light and the light source is changed into a parallel beam by collimating and expanding the beam, which illuminates the PSM surface and receives the reflected light from the PSM surface through the detector. The angle corresponding to the weakest reflected light intensity before and after the biological reaction between probe DNA and complementary DNA of different concentrations labeled by quantum dots was measured by the detector, and the relationship between the angle change before and after the biological reaction and the complementary DNA concentration labeled by quantum dots was obtained. The experimental results show that the angle change increases linearly with increasing complementary DNA concentration. The detection limit of the experiment, as determined by fitting, is approximately 36 pM. The detection limit of this method is approximately 1/300 of that without quantum dot labeling. Our method has a low cost because it does not require the use of a reflectance spectrometer, and it also demonstrates high sensitivity.
The Relationship between the Use of Student-Centered Approach and Social Studies Teachers' Gender, Specialization and Qualification in Oman

The purpose of this study was to investigate social studies teachers’ level of use of student-centered approach (S-CA) in Oman and its relationship with some variables. An instrument namely the Level of Use Self-Assessment (LoUS-A) has been developed and administered to collect sufficient data. A sample of (525) social studies teachers from (170) Basic Education schools participated in this study. The major findings suggest that the teachers were in the (Mechanical Use) and the (Routine) user levels. Significant gender differences showed that females seem to be exhibiting higher LoU, as compared to males. Based on the results of the study, it was recommended that interventions should be made to address teachers’ immediate needs in implementing (S-CA) for teaching and learning. Implications for further research were suggested.
Complications with Implanon as Contraceptive

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the complications with Implanon contraceptive. Study Design: Descriptive. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted in Gynae unit I in collaboration with family planning centre in Nishtar Hospital Multan, from Jan 2004 to Jan 2007. Patients and Methods: A total of 45 women of reproductive age group were selected and after taking complete history, examination and investigations, all women suitable for Implanon were included and those who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and pelvic pathology were excluded from the study. Results: The main complaint in study was menstrual disturbance. Out of 45 women, 20 developed amenorrhoea, 14 complained of irregular vaginal bleeding. And only 6 women presented with frequent periods. However normal menstrual cycle was observed in 6 women. No change was observed in weight in 15 women, while 12 women complained of mild weight reduction. Weight gain upto 2 kg was observed in 18 women. Only 10 women complained of breast tenderness and skin problem was observed in 5 women. Out of 45 women, 39 were satisfied but 6 asked for removal due to menstrual disturbance. Conclusion: Implanon like other systemic progestegens is not free of complications. Amenorrhea and infrequent irregular periods are the main complaints, while weight gain and acne are minor problems. Key Words: Hormonal contraception, Third generation progestogen( etonogestrel), Implanon, Menstrual irregularities
A Model for Assessing Necessary Conditions for Rural Health Care’s Mobile Health Readiness: Qualitative Assessment of Clinician-Perceived Barriers

Background Mobile health (mHealth) technology dissemination has penetrated rural and urban areas alike. Yet, health care organization oversight and clinician adoption have not kept pace with patient use. mHealth could have a unique impact on health and quality of life for rural populations. If organizations are prepared to manage mHealth, clinicians may improve the quality of care for their patients, both rural and urban. However, many organizations are not yet prepared to prescribe or prohibit third-party mHealth technologies. Objective This study explored organizational readiness for rural mHealth adoption, the use of patient-reported data by clinical care teams, and potential impact on improving rural health care delivery. Methods Semistructured, open-ended interviews were used to investigate clinicians’ current practices, motivators, and perceived barriers to their use of mHealth technologies in rural settings. Results A total of 13 clinicians were interviewed, and 53.8% (7/13) reported encouraging use of mHealth apps or wearable devices with rural patients. Perceived barriers to adoption were categorized into three primary themes: (1) personal (clinician), (2) patient, and (3) organizational. Organizational was most prominent, with subcodes of time, uniformity, and policy or direction. Thematic analysis revealed code-category linkages that identify the complex nature of a rural health care organization’s current climate from a clinician’s perspective. A thematic map was developed to visualize the flow from category to code. Identified linkages guided the development of a refined rural mHealth readiness model. Conclusions Clinicians (including physicians) have limited time for continuing education, research, or exploration of emerging technologies. Clinicians are motivated to learn more, but they need guidance through organization-led directives. Rural health care institutions should consider investing in mHealth analysis, tool development, and formal recommendations of sanctioned tools for clinicians to use with patients.
Physical-Layer Abstraction for Hybrid GNSS and 5G Positioning Evaluations

Hybridization of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and fifth generation (5G) cellular positioning is foreseen as a key solution to fulfill high-accuracy positioning requirements in future use cases, such as autonomous vehicles. The evaluation of the hybrid positioning capabilities implies the physical-layer simulation of observables from both GNSS and 5G technologies. In order to ease the complexity of the resulting system-level simulations, a physical-layer abstraction of GNSS and 5G ranging observables is here proposed. The abstraction of GNSS ranging observables is based on a Gaussian-distributed model of the errors sources, while the abstraction of 5G ranging observables is based on the interpolation of the cumulative density function (CDF) of the ranging errors for certain propagation conditions and signal-to-noise (SNR) levels. Thanks to the exploitation of the proposed physical-layer abstraction, low-complexity system- level simulations are performed to assess the positioning capabilities of GNSS and 5G downlink time-difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) in urban macro-cell (UMa) environments. The simulation results indicate the need to adopt hybrid solutions based on multiple GNSS constellations and 5G DL-TDoA with 100-MHz bandwidth, in order to ensure a horizontal positioning accuracy below 5 m for 95% of cases in outdoor urban environments.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes associated with blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides in New York, USA, estuaries

While harmful algal blooms caused by the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides, are allelopathic and may have unique associations with bacteria, a comprehensive assessment of the planktonic communities associated with these blooms has been lacking. Here, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to assess size fractionated (0.2 and 5 μm) bacterial (16S) and phytoplankton assemblages (18S) associated with blooms of C. polykrikoides during recurrent blooms in NY, USA. Over a three-year period, samples were collected inside (‘patch’) and outside (‘non-patch’) dense accumulations of C. polykrikoides to assess the microbiome associated with these blooms. Eukaryotic plankton communities of blooms had significantly lower diversity than non-bloom samples, and non-bloom samples hosted 30 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) not found within blooms, suggesting they may have been allelopathically excluded from blooms. Differential abundance analyses revealed that C. polykrikoides blooms were significantly enriched in dinoflagellates (p<0.001) and the experimental enrichment of C. polykrikoides led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of eight genera of dinoflagellates but a significant decline in other eukaryotic plankton. Amoebophrya co-dominated both within- and near- C. polykrikoides blooms and was more abundant in bloom patches. The core bacterial microbiome of the >0.2μm fraction of blooms was dominated by an uncultured bacterium from the SAR11 clade, while the >5μm size fraction was co-dominated by an uncultured bacterium from Rhodobacteraceae and Coraliomargarita. Two bacterial lineages within the >0.2μm fraction, as well as the Gammaproteobacterium, Halioglobus, from the >5μm fraction were unique to the microbiome of blooms, while there were 154 bacterial OTUs only found in non-bloom waters. Collectively, these findings reveal the unique composition and potential function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities associated with C. polykrikoides blooms.
Free Flap Failures: What to Do Next?

Over the past two decades, microvascular free tissue transfer has become a common procedure, usually with predictable results. The overall success rate of free flap surgery has gradually improved, and most recent reviews document an overall success rate between 90% and 95%. The goal of this study was to determine the outcome of those patients who underwent unsuccessful free microvascular tissue transfer. An extensive chart review was carried out on all those patients who underwent free microvascular tissue transfer at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre from 1988 to 1999. One hundred and forty-eight patients underwent free tissue transfer. A total of 164 free flaps were carried out, with an overall success rate of 92%. Free flap failure was defined as complete necrosis of the flap. There were 13 documented flap failures with complete necrosis of the flap requiring debridement. Seven patients underwent repeat free microvascular tissue transfer. These procedures were carried out by the same surgeon or surgical team 12 to 52 days after the first surgery. These secondary microvascular procedures were all successful. Of the remaining patients, five had either debridement and split-thickness skin grafting or regional flap coverage. One patient went on to lower limb amputation. This study reaffirms the success rates of free microvascular tissue transfer. In addition, the success rates of repeat free flaps were evaluated. It appears that patients undergoing repeat microvascular tissue transfers have no innate propensity for flap failure.