Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decomposition and nutrient release of leguminous green manure species in the Jaguaribe-Apodi region, Ceará, Brazil

O uso de leguminosas como adubo verde pode ser uma alternativa para regioes agricolas, devido a sua habilidade em incorporar quantidades significativas de nutrientes ao solo pela decomposicao e liberacao de nutrientes da sua biomassa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de decomposicao e de liberacao de nutrientes de seis especies leguminosas utilizadas como adubos verdes ( Crotalaria juncea , Canavalia ensiformes , Cajanus cajan ; Crotalaria spectabilis , Dolichos lablab , e Mucuna deeringiana ) em uma area no Agropolo Jaguaribe-Apodi, CE, Brasil. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condicoes de campo, em blocos casualizados com cinco repeticoes. A decomposicao e a liberacao de nutrientes da fitomassa das leguminosas foram monitoradas por meio de coletas aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias apos a instalacao das sacolas de decomposicao. De maneira geral, Crotalaria spectabilis e Canavalia ensiformes apresentam as maiores taxas de decomposicao e de liberacao de nutrientes, sendo as mais promissoras para a regiao nas condicoes deste estudo. No entanto, para maior persistencia de residuos no solo, Crotalaria juncea e a especie mais recomendada.
Sublingual Immunotherapy with Quantified Peach Extract: An Alternative Treatment in Legumes Allergy

The legume family plays a fundamental role in human nutrition as a substantial protein source. In the countries where they are widely consumed (Mediterranean area), legumes are one of the most common foods causing allergic reactions particularly in children [1]. It has been documented that seed storage proteins represent major allergens of legumes [2], but recent studies have strengthened the paper of Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTP) as novel legume allergens whose sensitization is directly linked to adult peanut allergy in our country
Noncommuting random products

Introduction. Let Xy,X2, ■■-,X„,--be a sequence of independent real valued random variables with a common distribution function F(x), and consider the sums Xy + X2 + ■■• + X„. A fundamental theorem of classical probability theory is the strong law of large numbers which asserts that with probability one, Xy + X2+ ■■■ + Xn ~ n $xdF(x), provided that J"| x\ dF(x) is finite. It is natural to inquire whether there exist laws governing the asymptotic behavior of products X„X„-y ---Xy, where the X¡ are now identically distributed independent random variables with values in an arbitrary group. This type of question arises, for example, in considering solutions to differential or difference equations with random coefficients [13]. To illustrate this, consider the problem of determining the asymptotic behavior of a random sequence {<! ;„} satisfying £n = ut&n-i + c»£i! -2j where (u„,v„) forms a sequence of independent identically distributed random vectors. In this case we can write
Why People Tag? Motivations for Content Tagging

Tagging, or using keywords to annotate images, bookmarks, and blogs, is gaining much popularity. Since tagging is seen as an important change in the way images are organized and shared, we need to understand what drives this behavior. We draw on taxonomy of individuallevel motivations for tagging, and research on the impact of social presence on tagging, and examine the drivers of tagging. We develop a scale of tagging motivations, which distinguishes between motivations stemming from three categories of intended audience: the taggers themselves, their family and friends, and the general public. Using multiple sources, including a survey and independent system data, we find that the levels of the Self and Public motivations, as well as social presence factor are positively associated with tagging level, and that the family & friends motivation is not associated significantly with tagging level. Implications of the research are discussed.
Efeito de doses e da época de aplicação de nitrogênio nos caracteres agronômicos da cultura do milho sob plantio direto

Maize is an important crop for grain production in the Center-West region of Brazil. An experiment was installed in Rio Verde (GO) in the 2002/03 growing season to evaluate the effect of doses and timing of nitrogen application on the agronomic traits of no-tillage maize. The experiment was evaluated as a 6 x 4 + 1 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 4 repetitions. The factors consisted of six nitrogen applications (before sowing; at sowing; top dressed 30 days after sowing; at sowing and top dressed 30 days after sowing; at sowing and top dressed 30 and 45 days after sowing; pre-sowing and at sowing and top dressed 30 days after sowing) and four nitrogen levels (25, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), plus one control treatment without nitrogen application. The corn hybrid P30K75 and urea fertilizer were used. The dose of 150 kg ha-1 led to the highest grain yield, nitrogen leaf concentration, grain weight per ear and plant height. The nitrogen leaf concentration was higher for applications in top dressing, at sowing and top dressed 30 days after sowing and at sowing and after top dressed 30 and 45 days after sowing. The nitrogen applications as top dressing (30 days) and split application (pre-sowing plus at sowing and top dressed 30 days after sowing ) led to the highest kernel weight per ear and per 1.000 grains. The effect of dose or date of nitrogen application on protein yield and disease severity was not significant. The highest net profit was obtained with the application of 25 kg ha-1 nitrogen at sowing.
Direct Instruction in Second Language Acquisition: A Critical Review of Related Literature.

Second Language Acquisition (SLA), as a sub – discipline in applied linguistics, is rapidly growing and changing (Ellis & Shintani, 2014). As such, it has yielded stirring issues on both naturalistic and instructed settings causing reviews and/or investigations by language researchers. This paper accordingly serves as a humble attempt at critically reviewing the related literature of instructed SLA particularly direct instruction as situated in the landscape of language teaching. Initially, the paper kicks-off with the essentials of direct instruction. It subsequently delves into the importance of such th instruction, and this extends to the analysis of notably empirical studies conducted in the 20 century and currently st empirical studies in the 21 century. In regards of these, the paper arrives at conclusions, recommendations, and trajectories for future SLA studies.
Short communication The use of species-specific TaqMan probes for identifying early stage gadoid eggs following formaldehyde fixation

Surveys of fish eggs are increasingly being used to monitor the spawning areas and stock status of commercially important species such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), but early stage cod eggs are visually indistinguishable from those of several other common co-occurring species, including haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). In recent surveys in the Irish and North Seas, a molecular identification technique (TaqMan multiplex real-time polymerase chain-reaction) assay has been used to overcome this problem. The method needs high-quality DNA, so the current protocol requires that individual “cod-like” eggs are “presorted” from plankton hauls on board ship and immediately preserved in ethanol. This increases seagoing staff costs, can be a difficult process at sea, and means that plankton sampling cannot be undertaken from non-specialized vessels such as fishing boats. Successful application of TaqMan probes to DNA from eggs preserved in formalin would overcome these problems, but previous attempts have resulted in poor success. In this study, batches of hatchery-sourced cod, haddock, and whiting eggs were fixed in 4% buffered formalin for up to 3 weeks, then transferred to a formaldehyde-free solution for 1, 2, or 3 months. After these periods they were assessed visually for fixation quality and analysed using species-specific TaqMan probes. Eggs, which had been fixed for up to 3 weeks in formalin, were identified successfully, although the positive rate (84– 96%) was slightly lower than samples preserved throughout in ethanol (92 –99%). There was no increase in the percentage of eggs misidentified comparing formalin-fixed and ethanol-preserved material. These results suggest that TaqMan probes can be applied successfully to fish eggs fixed in 4% buffered formalin for up to 3 weeks.
The Long‐Run Dynamics of the Labor Share in Japan

In this paper we investigate the long-term drivers of the share of output accruing to labour in Japan. We contribute to this strand of literature by extending the theoretical SK schedule model proposed by Bentotila and Saint-Paul (2003) to multiple inputs and by providing new empirical evidence on Japan at detailed sector-level over the period 1970–2012. The econometric analysis is carried out by means of an error correction model (ECM) that allows testing the existence of long-run relationships while accounting for cross-sectional heterogeneities and dependence. Results indicate that the macro-sector of low-knowledge-intensive market services was mainly responsible for the decline in the labour share experienced by the Japanese economy in the four decades considered. This was related to technological change and, more importantly, to labour market factors - such as the role of unions and a high substitutability of regular with non-regular workers - and product market structural features. These drivers could have significantly contributed to reducing the bargaining power of labour vis-a-vis employers and, consequently, the labour share.
Loan Sales and Loan Market Competition

In this article, I suggest a theoretical explanation for the recent spectacular growth of the loan sales market in terms of both quantity and quality. I show that banks can use loan sales as a strategic tool in order to preserve their informational advantage in a competitive environment. I consider a two-period competition model where banks acquire private information about their clientele during the lending relationship and where there is informational asymmetry in the loan sales market. In spite of the information dilution costs incurred in selling high-quality loans, banks have an incentive to imitate low-quality loan holders by selling their loans in order to avoid communicating negative signals about the quality of their clientele to potential competitors. As a result, loan market competition can lead to the emergence of a liquid loan sales market in which both low- and high-quality loans coexist, thereby improving the quantity and quality of the loan sales market.
Public attitudes towards the use of transgenic forest trees: a crosscountry pilot survey

Abstract: Information on public attitudes towards the use of transgenic trees in forest plantations is important in the decision-making process and policy implementation for safe tree development, particularly at the EU level. In Europe, the use of transgenic forest trees is very limited and therefore such information is completely lacking. To address this issue within the FP0905 European COST Action on the Biosafety of Transgenic Forest Trees a pioneer cross-country pilot survey on public attitudes towards the use of transgenic forest trees was conducted using young population as a focus group. This was decided mainly because this focus group represents the future consumers, policy makers or developers. Specifically, the survey aimed to: i) assess the level of young people’s knowledge about transgenic forest trees, ii) identify issues of concern to them regarding the cultivation of transgenic forest trees and iii) explore whether they approve or disapprove of the use of transgenic forest trees in plantations. Purposive sampling was performed and university students of different disciplines were included in the research as sampling subjects. In total, 1868 completed questionnaires from 15 European and non-European countries were analyzed. The young educated people that took part in the survey appeared to approve of the use of transgenic forest trees in plantations and would be willing to buy forest transgenic products. The potential loss of biodiversity due to a risk of gene flow between transgenic and wild trees was seen as the safety issue of most concern when considering the commercial release of transgenic forest trees. However, a serious perceived lack of knowledge about potential benefits and risks of the cultivation of transgenic forest trees was recorded in most of the countries. K-means clustering was implemented on respondents’ positive responses to identify potential country patterns. No differences in patterns of public attitude towards the acceptance of the commercial growing of transgenic forest trees were observed between European and non-European countries. Extended research on public attitude issues towards the use of transgenic forest trees is strongly recommended as a basis for policy implementation on safe tree development.
Quenching time-scales of galaxies in the eagle simulations

We use the \eagle\ simulations to study the connection between the quenching timescale, $\tau_{\rm Q}$, and the physical mechanisms that transform star-forming galaxies into passive galaxies. By quantifying $\tau_{\rm Q}$ in two complementary ways - as the time over which (i) galaxies traverse the green valley on the colour-mass diagram, or (ii) leave the main sequence of star formation and subsequently arrive on the passive cloud in specific star formation rate (SSFR)-mass space - we find that the $\tau_{\rm Q}$ distribution of high-mass centrals, low-mass centrals and satellites are divergent. In the low stellar mass regime where $M_{\star}<10^{9.6}M_{\odot}$, centrals exhibit systematically longer quenching timescales than satellites ($\approx 4$~Gyr compared to $\approx 2$~Gyr). Satellites with low stellar mass relative to their halo mass cause this disparity, with ram pressure stripping quenching these galaxies rapidly. Low mass centrals are quenched as a result of stellar feedback, associated with long $\tau_{\rm Q}\gtrsim 3$~Gyr. At intermediate stellar masses where $10^{9.7}\,\rm M_{\odot}<M_{\star}<10^{10.3}\,\rm M_{\odot}$, $\tau_{\rm Q}$ are the longest for both centrals and satellites, particularly for galaxies with higher gas fractions. At $M_{\star}\gtrsim 10^{10.3}\,\rm M_{\odot}$, galaxy merger counts and black hole activity increase steeply for all galaxies. Quenching timescales for centrals and satellites decrease with stellar mass in this regime to $\tau_{\rm Q}\lesssim2$~Gyr. In anticipation of new intermediate redshift observational galaxy surveys, we analyse the passive and star-forming fractions of galaxies across redshift, and find that the $\tau_{\rm Q}$ peak at intermediate stellar masses is responsible for a peak (inflection point) in the fraction of green valley central (satellite) galaxies at $z\approx 0.5-0.7$.
Effects of Bacillus FS-3 on growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants and availability of phosphorus in soil

The effects of phosphate solubilizing bacterium ( Bacillus FS-3) application on phosphorus contents of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant, growing performance and phosphorus forms in soil were evaluated under greenhouse condition. Five different phosphorus fertilizer treatments (normal superphosphate, triple superphosphate, di-ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, and rock phosphate) with and without bacterium (Bacillus FS-3) were applied in pots as 344 kg P/ha. Basal fertilizers were applied to all the pots as 180 kg N/ha (NH 4 NO 3 33% N), 100 kg K/ha (K 2 SO 4 50% K 2 O). The r esults obtained showed that phosphorus availability from soil increased with phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB) application. The amount of plant available form of soil phosphorus fracti on (resin-Pi + NaHCO 3 -Pi + NaHCO 3 -Po + NaOH-Pi + NaOH-Po) increased with PSB application. In all fertilizer types, bacteria application converted approximately 20% of less available phosphorus into labile forms. Statistically significant differences were obtained in shoot and root dry weight of tomato plants treated with PSB application. In all of the fertilizers, plant shoot and root weight and P uptake were greater with PSB applications than without PSB. The highest shoot-root dry weight and P uptake of plant were determined in triple superphosphate (TSP) with PSB application treatment. The data in the present study suggest that the application of PSB (FS-3) may increase the availability of soluble phosphate by dissolving the inorganic forms of phosphate and that bacterial strain tested in this study has a potential to be used as a bio-fertilizer in sustainable and organic agriculture.
Ecological Responses of Lakes to Climate Change

Karl Havens 1,* and Erik Jeppesen 2,3 1 Florida Sea Grant College Program, University of Florida IFAS, Building 803 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 2 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; ej@bios.au. dk 3 Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China * Correspondence: khavens@ufl.edu
To study the short-term outcome of kangaroo mother care in newborn with birth weight less than 1.5 kg

Introduction: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an effective way to meet babies need for warmth, breastfeeding, and protection from infection, stimulation, safety, and love in resource-limited settings. Objective: To assess the effect of KMC on newborns weighing 0.05). Breastfeeding was established 68.5% of babies in KMC group and in 34.2% in control group on discharge (p<0.05). The study showed that babies in KMC group were discharged earlier than controls (11.4±4.3 vs. 17.68±8.64 days (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that babies in KMC group demonstrated more weight gain, both daily and on discharge. Duration of stay was shorter in them and more babies were shifted to breastfeeding earlier in KMC group. We conclude KMC as significant method of caring very low birth weight baby in resource limited settings. Key words: Breastfeeding, Kangaroo mother care, Weight gain
A study of domestic honeymoon tourism in Turkey

Abstract Honeymoon tourism is an important research area in tourism and travel literature because of its increasing economic importance for host destinations and their specific niche market characteristics. This study used a survey to investigate demographics, the importance of attributes in destination selection, overall satisfaction, loyalty and souvenir purchase preference amongst 540 domestic honeymoon tourists visiting Antalya, Turkey. It also identified in the context of destination marketing both domestic and international competitors of Antalya as a honeymoon destination. The results offered market-specific knowledge about honeymoon tourism in Turkey, such as the identification of the most important attributes in destination selection, tourists’ souvenir purchases, overall satisfaction and loyalties. The study concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications of the findings and recommendations for future study.
Comparison between biodegradable polymers from cassava starch and glycerol as additives to biogas production

In this study, we compared cassava starch-based biodegradable polymers (PBMs) and glycerol (G) as additives used to increase biogas production from the co-digestion of swine wastewater (ARS). We chose to work with an inoculum comprising 40% (v/v) of the total volume of the reactor; this inoculum was obtained from a Canadian model digester for treating swine waste. In the anaerobic digestion process, batch reactors were used on a laboratory scale with a total volume of approximately 4 L and a working volume of 3.2 L. Three treatments were conducted to compare the efficiency of solid removal, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the production of biogas. The first treatment contained only swine waste; the second included the addition of glycerol at 1, 3, and 5% (w/v); and the third treatment included the addition of 1, 3, and 5% (w/v) of PBM residue in relation to the swine wastewater. From the results, it can be concluded that higher yields were obtained for the treatment with 3% PBM and 1% glycerol. Most treatments showed high removal rates of total solids and total volatile solids. Reductions lower than 70% were obtained only for treatments with PBM and glycerol at a ratio of 5%.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM TENSILE STRENGTH OF GEOGRID REINFORCED EMBANKMENT

Soil-reinforcement interaction is a key issue in the design of geogrid-reinforced soil structures. Therefore, it is important to analyze the interaction mechanism between the soil and geogrid reinforcement. A multi-layered geogrid-reinforced embankment with steep slope was proposed for this study. This embankment was reinforced by five layers of biaxial geogrids. According to the stability of reinforced earth structures and the mechanical interaction between geogrid and soil analysis, the optimum tensile strength of geogrid for each of layers was determined. This must consider the factor of safety, soil-geogrid interface shear stress and the horizontal and vertical displacements of soil and the mobilized geogrid. Consequently, a series of soil-geogrid interaction numerical models were developed to simulate the reinforcing systems. Simulation was performed using finite difference-based software FLAC version 4.00 (Itasca, 2000). Since the displacements of soil and geogrid reinforcement are relatively small in this study, the determination of optimum tensile strength of geogrid was strongly influenced by factor of safety and soil-geogrid interface shear stress.
Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and calcium intake on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding

Kokeessa selvitettiin kationi-anionitasapainon ja kalsiumin saannin vaikutusta ummessaolevien lehmien tiettyihin veresta ja virtsasta mitattuihin kivennaisarvoihin seka happo-emastasapainoon sailorehuvaltaisella ruokinnalla. Tarkoituksena oli testata, voidaanko anionisten suolojen lisaamisella ennen poikimista vaikuttaa poikimisen aikaiseen kalsiumaineenvaihduntaan. Lisaksi tutkittiin, onko kalsiumin saannilla vaikutusta anionisten suolojen tehoon. Kationi-anionitasapaino laskettiin [(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + S2-)] mEq/kg kuiva-ainetta (ka). Se oli joko -273 tai +34 mEq/kg ka.Kalsiumin saanti oli joko 34 g tai 74 g kalsiumia paivassa. Suoloina kaytettiin magnesiumkloridia, ammoniumkloridia ja -sulfaattia. Lehmat saivat sailorehua (5.2 kg ka), heinaa (0.9 kg ka) ja taysrehua (1.4 kg ka) nelja viikkoa ennen odotettua poikimista poikimispaivaan saakka. Veri- ja virtsanaytteita otettiin 4, 3, 2 ja 1 viikkoa ennen odotettua poikimista seka poikimispaivana, 1 vrk ja 1 viikko poikimisen jalkeen. Lehmien, joiden kationi-anionitasapaino oli saadetty negatiiviseksi, veren ionisoitunut kalsium sailyi poikimisen aikaan vakaana verrattuna lehmiin, joiden kationi-anionitasapaino oli positiivinen. Kationi-anionitasapaino -247 mEq/kg ka osoittautui kuitenkin liian negatiiviseksi, koska se aiheutti muutoksia lehmien veren happo-emasarvoihin seka alensi liikaa virtsan pH-arvoa (<6). Lisaksi koerehun maittavuus oli huono. Kalsiumin saannilla ei ollut vaikutusta mitattuihin parametreihin.