Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperglycemia on Intracellular Glucose and Fat Metabolism in Healthy Subjects

Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia per se both stimulate glucose uptake and the disposal of glucose by oxidative (Gox) and nonoxidative (Nox) metabolism. However, the intracellular metabolic fate of glucose may not be the same when glucose uptake is stimulated predominantly by either of these mechanisms due to different effects on fat oxidation (Fox). To address this issue, 11 healthy subjects each had four glucose-clamp studies performed in combination with indirect calorimetry to compare Gox, Nox, and Fox at two different rates of glucose uptake (∼7 and 10 mg · kg−1 fat-free mass [FFM] · min−1) matched at each level by either hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. When glucose uptake was matched at the lower rate (7 mg · kg−1 FFM · min−1), there was less suppression of both FFA (33 vs. 43%, P < 0.05) and Fox (73 vs. 90%, P < 0.05) and less stimulation of incremental (above basal) Gox (1.95 vs. 2.49 mg · kg−1 FFM · min−1 P < 0.025) at low insulin (72 pM) and hyperglycemia (21.8 mM) compared with high insulin (280 pM) and euglycemia (5.1 mM). Matching glucose uptake at the higher rates (10 mg · kg−1 FFM · min−1) required >300 pM of insulin (309 and 632 pM) in both studies and resulted in maximal suppression of FFA (49 vs. 46%, NS) and Fox (both >90%, NS) and similar incremental Gox (2.89 vs. 2.73 mg · kg−1 FFM · min−1, NS) whether at hyperglycemia (15.7 mM) or euglycemia (5.2 mM). Therefore, both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia stimulate glucose uptake and increase intracellular glucose availability, but insulin also regulates Gox by suppression of FFA and Fox. However, when FFA and Fox are maximally suppressed, the rate of glucose uptake, rather than the prevailing insulin level, determines the distribution of intracellular glucose metabolism.
Use of the Female Sexual Function Index in Women with Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia

The present investigation extends the validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI; Rosen et al., 2000) to include women with vulvar excisions for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). No instrument previously has been validated in this population. We administered the instrument to 43 women (n = 43) with VIN treated with vulvar excision and age-matched healthy controls (n = 43). We found the FSFI to have high reliability and validity in the VIN excision population. Discriminant validity and internal consistency were within acceptable ranges. Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ C-30; Agronson et al., 1993) and the FSFI in this population, we found a correlation between a related construct of quality of life and sexual function.
Correlates of the medical lethality of suicide attempts in children and adolescents.

Abstract The relationship between the medical lethality of suicidal behavior and demographic, psychiatric, social, and familial/environmental variables was examined in chart review of a consecutive series of youthful suicide attempters presenting in a Children's Hospital over a 5-year period. Correlates of the lethality of suicidal behavior included male sex, diagnoses of affective disorder and substance abuse, high suicidal intent, and the ingestion of a psychotropic agent. Patients who made medically lethal attempts appeared to have characteristics which converge with those who have completed suicide. The availability of a lethal agent may be the most significant determinant of the lethality of impulsive attempts, whereas suicidal intent and severity of psychopathology may make the most important contributions to the lethality of attempts by hopeless, dysphoric individuals. The implications of these findings for the prediction and prevention of suicide in children and adolescents are discussed.
Grading of follicular lymphoma: comparison of routine histology with immunohistochemistry.

CONTEXT Follicular lymphoma (FL) grading is based on the average number of large transformed cells in 10 neoplastic follicles at x40 high-power field (x10-40 high-power field) examination (grade 1, 0-5 centroblasts per high-power field; grade 2, 6-15 centroblasts per high-power field; grade 3, >15 centroblasts per high-power field). OBJECTIVE Since there may be significant interobserver variability, we analyzed the usefulness of immunohistochemical stains in grading FLs more reliably. DESIGN Forty-three FLs initially graded by World Health Organization criteria (grade 1, 12; grade 2, 18; grade 3, 13) were reviewed and stained with CD3, CD20, Ki-67, CD30, CD68, PAX-5, and BCL-6. Retrospective review was performed for the average number of large cells, of large lymphoid cells, of large cells staining with CD3, CD20, BCL-6 (40 cases), and PAX-5, and of all cells staining with CD68, Ki-67, and CD30. RESULTS By histologic review, 8 of 43 FLs had a significant grade change (4 cases upgraded and 4 cases downgraded). CD3 and CD30 stained only 0 to 3 large cells and 0 to 3 cells, respectively, in neoplastic follicles. CD68+ cells represented the large nonlymphoid cells. Increasing FL grades demonstrated increases in Ki-67+ cells. The original grade showed substantial agreement with CD20 and moderate agreement with PAX-5 and BCL-6. The original histologic grade agreed with immunohistochemical-based grade using 2 or more antibodies in 5 of 8 discordant cases (4 by CD20 or BCL-6 and PAX-5; 1 by CD20, PAX-5, and BCL-6). CONCLUSIONS Interobserver variability of histologic FL grading may be significant; we showed low-end "substantial agreement. " Immunohistochemical stains (ie, CD20, PAX-5, and BCL-6) may more reliably determine the number of large transformed cells in neoplastic follicles; Ki-67 staining correlates with higher FL grades. Immunohistochemical stains may be evaluated in clinical trials of FL patients to determine prognostic significance.
2015 ISSVD, ISSWSH and IPPS Consensus Terminology and Classification of Persistent Vulvar Pain and Vulvodynia

INTRODUCTION: In 2014, the executive council of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, the boards of directors of the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health, and the International Pelvic Pain Society acknowledged the need to revise the current terminology of vulvar pain, on the basis of the significant increase in high-quality etiologic studies published in the last decade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The new terminology was achieved in the following 4 steps. The first involved a terminology consensus conference with representatives of the 3 societies, held in April 2015. Then, an analysis of the relevant published studies was used to establish a level of evidence for each factor associated with vulvodynia. The terminology was amended on the basis of feedback from members of the societies. Finally, each society's board accepted the new terminology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In 2015,the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health, and International Pelvic Pain Society adopted a new vulvar pain and vulvodynia terminology that acknowledges the complexity of the clinical presentation and pathophysiology involved in vulvar pain and vulvodynia, and incorporates new information derived from evidence-based studies conducted since the last terminology published in 2003.
Relationship of the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score to poor-quality anticoagulation, stroke, clinically relevant bleeding, and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of anticoagulation with use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is highly dependent on the quality of anticoagulation control as reflected by the average time in a therapeutic range of 2.0 to 3.0. A clinical dilemma is trying to predict which anticoagulation-naive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) would do well on a VKA (with a time in therapeutic range > 70%) and which are less likely to do well on a VKA but could be managed with novel oral anticoagulants. METHODS The cohort comprised 8,120 patients, among whom 4,637 patients were receiving VKA. We investigated whether the SAMe-TT₂R₂ (sex female, age < 60 years, medical history [more than two comorbidities], treatment [interacting drugs, eg, amiodarone for rhythm control], tobacco use [doubled], race [doubled]) score could discriminate among patients with AF who were likely to have a labile international normalized ratio (INR) during follow-up as well as stroke/thromboembolism (TE), clinically relevant bleeding (defined as severe bleeding and as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC]-defined major bleeding), and death while being treated with a VKA. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 1,016 ± 1,108 days, there was a significant increase in risk of severe bleeding events (risk ratio [RR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12-2.68; P = .002) and a significant increase in risk of major BARC bleeding (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29-2.44; P = .0005) in patients with AF with a high SAMe-TT₂R₂ score (> 2). Increasing SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was associated with an increasing risk of labile INR (P = .004), stroke/TE (P = .007), severe bleeding (P < .0001), major BARC bleeding (P < .0001), and death (P = .002) at follow-up. Among the patients taking VKAs, the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was predictive of labile INR (C statistic approximately 0.58) as well as of stroke/TE, severe bleeding, major BARC bleeding, and death (C statistic, 0.54-0.57 for events), reflecting the suboptimal time in therapeutic range in such patients. This was not the case for patients who were not taking VKAs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was predictive for an increasing risk of stroke/TE, severe bleeding, major BARC bleeding, and death, reflecting poor anticoagulation control (and labile INRs) among patients with AF given VKAs.
Physical Activity in the Transition to University: The Role of Past Behavior and Concurrent Self-regulatory Efficacy

Abstract Objective: Two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between past physical activity, concurrent self-regulatory efficacy (CSRE), and current physical activity during the transition to university. Participants: Study 1 included 110 first-year undergraduate students recruited during October/November of 2012. Study 2 involved 86 first-year undergraduate students recruited during October/November of 2013. Methods: Surveys were completed online, concurrently (Study 1) and prospectively (Study 2). Results: CSRE was found to positively predict current physical activity participation in both studies. However, the relation of CSRE to physical activity was attenuated when past behavior was taken into account. Conclusions: Physical activity is one goal that university students pursue concurrently with other goals. Not only is current planned activity related to one's past participation in physical activity, it is also related to self-regulatory beliefs about managing that activity in the new context of university life.
Callosal atrophy parallels decreased cortical oxygen metabolism and neuropsychological impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of corpus callosum atrophy to cerebral cortical oxygen metabolism and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN Prospective clinicoradiologic correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. SETTING A university hospital. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS Ten right-handed male patients with Alzheimer's disease, aged 46 to 70 years (mean +/- SD 57 +/- 6 years), and 14 age- and sex-matched right-handed control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The midsagittal corpus callosum areas (on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (measured with positron emission tomography using the oxygen-15 steady-state technique), and the IQs of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, the patients had significantly decreased callosal areas with a posterior predominance of the degree of atrophy. The area of anterior and posterior halves of the corpus callosum had a significant correlation with the value of oxygen metabolism in the frontal and parietotemporo-occipital association cortices, respectively. The total area of the corpus callosum was significantly related to the total and verbal IQs of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. CONCLUSION Atrophy of corpus callosum reflects the severity and pattern of cortical damage associated with hypometabolism and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
How does ultrasound bidirectional axial transmission reflect geometry of long bones?

Axial transmission (AT) techniques assess bone properties along the long bones axis over a length of a few cm. This technique has been advocated to be appropriate for cortical thickness assessment. Some techniques measure the speed of waves transmitted axially in one direction (monodirectional AT) whereas other techniques average the speed of waves which are transmitted axially in two opposite directions (bidirectional AT). The issues addressed here are the comparison between monodirectional and bidirectional techniques and the test of a simplified model to reflect propagation on realistic geometry. It was found that the model of the plate of constant thickness could represent well propagation on realistic geometry as long as bidirectional velocity was considered.
Design and Evaluation of an IT-based Peer Assessment to Increase Learner Performance in Large-Scale Lectures

In this study, we propose an IT-based peer assessment (ITPA) for enhancing interaction and feedback in universities’ large-scale lectures. These lectures often lack interaction and feedback, and focus on mainly imparting factual knowledge. Hence, these formats often cannot go beyond the basic cognitive levels of educational objectives. Using the ITPA within the learning process helps integrating assignments focusing on high cognitive levels to comprehensively acquire the learning content. We follow a design science research approach to develop and evaluate the ITPA. Thus, we first identify requirements from theory and derive a set of design elements afterwards. A pre-test shows that the ITPA is seen as useful and learners intend to use it. The subsequent quasi-experiment in a large-scale lecture shows that learners who participated in the ITPA performed better in the part of the final exam trained by the ITPA, whereas they did not perform better in the others parts.
Hemodynamic parameters obtained by transthoracic echocardiography and right heart catheterization: a comparative study in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND Hemodynamic evaluation is crucial for the management of patients with pulmonary hypertention. Clinicians often prefer a rapid and non-invasive method. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of transthoracic echocardiography for the measurements of hemodynamic parameters in patients with pulmonary hypertension. METHODS A prospective single-center study was conducted among 42 patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by different diseases. Transthoracic echocardiography and right-heart catheterization were performed within 24 hours. Pulmonary artery systolic, diastolic and mean pressure (PASP, PADP and PAMP), cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were measured by both methods. A linear correlation and a Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare the two groups of hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS A good correlation was found between invasive and non-invasive measurements for PASP (r = 0.96), PADP (r = 0.85), PAMP (r = 0.88), CO (r = 0.82), and PCWP (r = 0.81). Further agreement analysis done by the Bland-Altman method showed that bias and a 95% confidence interval for PASP, PADP, and CO were clinically acceptable while great discrepancies existed for PAMP and PCWP. CONCLUSIONS The non-invasive measurements by PASP, PADP, and CO in patients with pulmonary hypertension correlate well with the invasive determinations. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was inappropriate for estimating PCWP and PAMP.
Tissue ingrowth into titanium and hydroxyapatite‐coated implants during stable and unstable mechanical conditions

Lack of initial mechanical stability of cementless prostheses may be responsible for fibrous tissue fixation of prosthetic components to bone. To study the influence of micromovements on bony ingrowth into titanium alloy (Ti) and hydroxyapatite (HA)‐coated implants, a loaded unstable device producing movements of 500 μm during each gait cycle was developed. Mechanically stable implants served as controls. The implants were inserted into the weight‐bearing regions of all four femoral condyles in each of seven mature dogs. Histological analysis after 4 weeks of implantation showed a fibrous tissue membrane surrounding both Ti and HA‐coated implants subjected to micromovements, whereas variable amounts of bony ingrowth were obtained in mechanically stable implants. The pushout test showed that the shear strength of unstable Ti and HA implants was significantly reduced as compared with the corresponding mechanically stable implants (p < 0.01). However, shear strength values of unstable HA‐coated implants were significantly greater than those of unstable Ti implants (p < 0.01) and comparable to those of stable Ti implants. The greatest shear strength was obtained with stable HA‐coated implants, which was threefold stronger as compared with the stable Ti implants (p < 0.001). Quantitative determination of bony ingrowth agreed with the mechanical test except for the stronger anchorage of unstable HA implants as compared with unstable Ti implants, where no difference in bony ingrowth was found. Unstable HA‐coated implants were surrounded by a fibrous membrane containing islands of fibrocartilage with higher collagen concentration, whereas fibrous connective tissue with lower collagen concentration was predominant around unstable Ti implants. In conclusion, micromovements between bone and implant inhibited bony ingrowth and led to the development of a fibrous membrane. The presence of fibrocartilage and a higher collagen concentration in the fibrous membrane may be responsible for the increased shear strength of unstable HA implants. Mechanically stable implants with HA coating had the strongest anchorage and the greatest amount of bony ingrowth.
DHA attenuates postprandial hyperlipidemia via activating PPARα in intestinal epithelial cells[S]

It is known that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, whose activation reduces hyperlipidemia, is highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could improve postprandial hyperlipidemia, however, its relationship with intestinal PPARα activation is not revealed. In this study, we investigated whether DHA can affect postprandial hyperlipidemia by activating intestinal PPARα using Caco-2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. The genes involved in fatty acid (FA) oxidation and oxygen consumption rate were increased, and the secretion of triacylglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) was decreased in DHA-treated Caco-2 cells. Additionally, intestinal FA oxidation was induced, and TG and apoB secretion from intestinal epithelial cells was reduced, resulting in the attenuation of plasma TG and apoB levels after oral administration of olive oil in DHA-rich oil-fed mice compared with controls. However, no increase in genes involved in FA oxidation was observed in the liver. Furthermore, the effects of DHA on intestinal lipid secretion and postprandial hyperlipidemia were abolished in PPARα knockout mice. In conclusion, the present work suggests that DHA can inhibit the secretion of TG from intestinal epithelial cells via PPARα activation, which attenuates postprandial hyperlipidemia.
Characterization of the Reduction of Selenate and Tellurite by Nitrate Reductases

ABSTRACT Preliminary studies showed that the periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and the membrane-bound nitrate reductases of Escherichia coli are able to reduce selenate and tellurite in vitro with benzyl viologen as an electron donor. In the present study, we found that this is a general feature of denitrifiers. Both the periplasmic and membrane-bound nitrate reductases of Ralstonia eutropha, Paracoccus denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus can utilize potassium selenate and potassium tellurite as electron acceptors. In order to characterize these reactions, the periplasmic nitrate reductase of R. sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans IL106 was histidine tagged and purified. The Vmax andKm were determined for nitrate, tellurite, and selenate. For nitrate, values of 39 μmol · min−1 · mg−1 and 0.12 mM were obtained for Vmax and Km, respectively, whereas the Vmax values for tellurite and selenate were 40- and 140-fold lower, respectively. These low activities can explain the observation that depletion of the nitrate reductase in R. sphaeroides does not modify the MIC of tellurite for this organism.
Defect modes for a promising acoustic wave-guide in two-dimensional sonic/phononic crystals

Defect modes, which propagate along a line of periodic defects of scatterers in a periodic array of scatterers, have been found to be well guided in a frequency range within the full band-gap of such sonic/phononic crystals as arrays of methacrylic resin cylinders in air, steel cylinders in air or in water, and aluminum cylinders in air. For example, the defect mode along a periodic lacking of every second scatterers in the central line of a periodic array of methacrylic resin cylinders in air has a perfect pass-band with a 0 dB transmission between 0.54 and 0.59 in the normalized frequency, which is defined by the lattice constant divided by the free-space wavelength. This defect-mode pass-band locates itself within a full band-gap of the original sonic/phononic crystal of methacrylic resin cylinders in air, whose frequency is between 0.47 and 0.63 in the normalized frequency. The level of the acoustic leakage just outside one of the rear side corners of 11 times 11 size of crystal was calculated as �21 to �28 dB. Also a wave-guide with a bend made of a periodic lacking of every second scatterers in the same sonic crystal has a good transmittance and an impedance matching at the inlet and the outlet just as the straight wave-guide has. Consequently, the defect modes are promising for effectively well-confined and guided modes in contrast to the conventionally investigated modes along a hollow wave-guide in a sonic/phononic crystals. For these theoretical investigations of defect modes in sonic/ phononic crystals, we have developed an impulse response elastic FDTD method to obtain precise frequency response of a finite size of periodic structures of acoustic scatterers placed in liquid or gas. The frequency responses of such typical sonic/phononic crystals have been numerically investigated as those composed of a two-dimensional array of methacrylic-resin cylinders in air, aluminum cylinders in air, and steel cylinders in water. We have found that the former two crystals may be numerically investigated by our conventional sonic FDTD method with a small normalized frequency difference of 0.01 to 0.02 compared with those obtained by our new elastic FDTD analysis. On the other hand, it has been found that the latter crystal should be investigated by the elastic FDTD method, because of a large frequency difference of 0.06 to 0.08 compared with the conventional sonic FDTD method. All results shown in this report have been calculated by means of the elastic FDTD method developed by us.