Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol of Aflatoxins in Corn using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: Review

Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight natural products formed as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi. While aflatoxins are a group of four mycotoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2)) that are primarily produced by two closely related fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasitica. Since these toxins are mutagenic and carcinogenic, over 100 countries have imposed regulations for levels of aflatoxin both in feeds and foods. Physical and biological factors affect the production of aflatoxins in both preand postharvest corn. Corn is a major crop associated with high economic risks and considerable safety concerns for aflatoxin contamination yet, it is one of the most utilized cereals in the world. Several control methods of aflatoxin production in corn have been devised. However, most of these methods are expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, there is interest in developing a biological control method that has been characterized as; effective, environmentally friendly, costeffective and innovative means of reducing aflatoxins levels in crops. Utmost achievements to date in biological control of aflatoxin contamination have been attained through the use of competitive nontoxigenic strains of AspergiIlus fungi. The working principle is that when the atoxigenic AspergiIlus fungi is introduced at the right time, a shift of strain profile from toxigenic to atoxigenic will take place. Moreover, atoxigenic strains competitively exclude the toxigenic strains in the field, which gives a carryover advantage in storage. Microbiological procedures, DNA, and field-based methodologies are the powerful techniques used in selecting atoxigenic strains from the environment. Efficacy of these atoxigenic A. flavus strains (AF36, K49, NRRL 21882, La3279, F3W4 and K54 have been reported with highest reduction of aflatoxins being 99.3%. Inoculation method, inoculum rate and Optional time for application of nontoxigenic strain are factors affecting the efficacy of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Molecular studies reveal that the loss of aflatoxin production by atoxigenic Aspergillus strains is via mutation. Global climate change has being reported has a major challenge in utilizing Aspergillus flavus as a biocontrol agent in aflatoxin production in corn.
Institutional Pressures, Monopolistic Conditions and the Implementation of Early Cost Management Practices: The Case of the Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville (1820–1887)

In spite of our increasing understanding of the underpinnings of early cost management systems, little is still known about the reasons for the implementation of such systems in firms operating under monopolistic conditions. This article studies the enforcement by law of cost and budgeting systems in the Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville (Spain), a manufactory of the state‐owned monopoly. By doing this, we seek both to enhance understanding of the state’s motivation to enact institutional pressures aiming at the implementation of early cost management practices as well as to study different organizational responses to simultaneous pressures arising from a single institutional source. It is suggested that the state’s motivation to legally enforce the implementation of early cost and budgeting systems may be attributed to (a) the seeking of legitimacy by the state regulatory body, (b) the active agency of senior employees of the state regulatory body to keep their jobs and compensation packages on the eve of the privatization of the industry, and (c) the interest of the regulatory agency to instil the basis of mimetic isomorphism within the monopoly. Different responses by the RTF to pressures for reporting cost and budgeting information were explained by (a) the expected diffusion of firm’s non‐conformity within the institutional area, (b) the expected impact of institutional rules and norms on organizational goals, and (c) the extent to which the institutional source is consistent in its demands.
GOODS-HERSCHEL AND CANDELS: THE MORPHOLOGIES OF ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2

Using deep 100 and 160 μm observations in GOODS-South from GOODS-Herschel, combined with high-resolution HST/WFC3 near-infrared imaging from CANDELS, we present the first detailed morphological analysis of a complete, far-infrared (FIR) selected sample of 52 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; LIR > 1012 L☉) at z ∼ 2. We also make use of a comparison sample of galaxies with lower IR luminosities but with the same redshift and H-band magnitude distribution. Our visual classifications of these two samples indicate that the fractions of objects with disk and spheroid morphologies are roughly the same but that there are significantly more mergers, interactions, and irregular galaxies among the ULIRGs (72+5− 7% versus 32 ± 3%). The combination of disk and irregular/interacting morphologies suggests that early-stage interactions, minor mergers, and disk instabilities could play an important role in ULIRGs at z ∼ 2. We compare these fractions with those of a z ∼ 1 sample selected from GOODS-H and COSMOS across a wide luminosity range and find that the fraction of disks decreases systematically with LIR while the fraction of mergers and interactions increases, as has been observed locally. At comparable luminosities, the fraction of ULIRGs with various morphological classifications is similar at z ∼ 2 and z ∼ 1, though there are slightly fewer mergers and slightly more disks at higher redshift. We investigate the position of the z ∼ 2 ULIRGs, along with 70 z ∼ 2 LIRGs, on the specific star formation rate versus redshift plane, and find 52 systems to be starbursts (i.e., they lie more than a factor of three above the main-sequence relation). We find that many of these systems are clear interactions and mergers (∼50%) compared to only 24% of systems on the main sequence relation. If irregular disks are included as potential minor mergers, then we find that up to ∼73% of starbursts are involved in a merger or interaction at some level. Although the final coalescence of a major merger may not be required for the high luminosities of ULIRGs at z ∼ 2 as is the case locally, the large fraction (50%–73%) of interactions at all stages and potential minor mergers suggests that these processes contribute significantly to the high star formation rates of ULIRGs at z ∼ 2.
Burden of Adenovirus, Astrovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Egyptian Children during 2000-2017

Enteric viruses are the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea among children, worldwide. The aim of this review was to estimate the burden of adenovirus (AdV), astrovirus (AstV), norovirus (NoV) and group A rotavirus (RVA) gastroenteritis in Egypt. Literatures published in PubMed and other sources (Science direct, google scholar) on the epidemiology and burden of AdV, AstV, NoV and RV among Egyptian children between 2000-2017 were collected. Data from each study was extracted and compared. The search identified 19 studies. AdV, AstV, NoV and RVA gastroenteritis were identified in 2-20%, 0-31%, 2.2-30% and 10.7-76.9%, respectively, with average of 3.6%, 7.2%, 10.5% and 32.5% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis. These viruses were occurred year-around with high detection rates in male and children younger than 12 months. The most common genotypes were HAstV-1 for astrovirus, G1P[8] for rotavirus, GGII.4 for norovirus. Children with AdV, AstV, RVA and NoV-positive acute gastroenteritis were more likely to have vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, various degrees of dehydration ranged from mild to severe dehydration. This systematic review documents that enteric viruses, particularly RVA, are significant pathogens of children diarrhea in Egypt. A vaccine covering multiple genotypes may reduce the morbidity and cost burden of AdV, AstV, RVA and NoV gastroenteritis in Egypt. Burden of Adenovirus, Astrovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Egyptian Children during 2000-2017
A Survey Paper on Real-Time Document Commendations Based on User Discussions

: This paper discourses the problem of keyword extraction from talks, with the goal of utilizing these watchwords to recover for each short conversation part, a little number of conceivably relatable reports, which can be prescribed to members, just-in-time. The purpose of meetings is to facilitate direct communication between participants. Document plays an important role in meetings. Documents contain facts that are currently discussed, but they are not necessarily at hand, the method known as keyword extraction and grouping is overviewed which impulsively recommend the documents that are related to user’s current activities for an ongoing discussion. In any case, even a short audio fragment contains a mixed bag of words, which are conceivably identified with a few topics; also, utilizing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) framework slips errors in the output. Along these lines, it is hard to assumption correctly the data needs of the discussion members. Firstly propose a calculation to remove decisive words from the yield of an ASR framework (or a manual transcript for testing) to coordinate the potentially differing qualities of subjects and decrease ASR commotion. At that point, make use of a technique that to make many implicit queries from the selected keywords which will in return produce list of relevant documents. The scores demonstrate that our proposition moves forward over past systems that consider just word recurrence or theme closeness, and speaks to a promising answer for a report recommender.
Kepler-423b: a half-Jupiter mass planet transiting a very old solar-like star

We report the spectroscopic confirmation of the Kepler object of interest KOI-183.01 (Kepler-423b), a half-Jupiter mass planet transiting an old solar-like star every 2.7 days. Our analysis is the first to combine the full Kepler photometry (quarters 1 17) with high-precision radial velocity measurements taken with the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope. We simultaneously modelled the photometric and spectroscopic data-sets using Bayesian approach coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. We found that the Kepler pre-search data conditioned light curve of Kepler-423 exhibits quarter-to-quarter systematic variations of the transit depth, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of similar to 4.3% and seasonal trends reoccurring every four quarters. We attributed these systematics to an incorrect assessment of the quarterly variation of the crowding metric. The host star Kepler-423 is a G4 dwarf with M-* = 0.85 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot, R-* = 0.95 +/- 0.04 R-circle dot, T-eff = 5560 +/- 80 K, [M/H] = -0.10 +/- 0.05 dex, and with an age of 11 +/- 2 Gyr. The planet Kepler-423b has a mass of M-p = 0.595 +/- 0.081 M-Jup and a radius of R-p = 1.192 +/- 0.052 R-Jup, yielding a planetary bulk density of rho(p) = 0.459 +/- 0.083 g cm(-3). The radius of Kepler-423b is consistent with both theoretical models for irradiated coreless giant planets and expectations based on empirical laws. The inclination of the stellar spin axis suggests that the system is aligned along the line of sight. We detected a tentative secondary eclipse of the planet at a 2 sigma confidence level (Delta F-ec = 14.2 +/- 6.6 ppm) and found that the orbit might have a small non-zero eccentricity of 0.019(-0.014)(+0.028) . With a Bond albedo of A(B) = 0.037 +/- 0.019, Kepler-423b is one of the gas-giant planets with the lowest albedo known so far.
Towards large-scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. I. Can climate be used to predict dormancy parameters?

Lolium rigidum (annual or rigid ryegrass) is a widespread annual weed in cropping systems of southern Australia. Seeds exhibit dormancy at dispersal and require a period of dry after-ripening to release dormancy, before germination and emergence can occur. Climate, particularly temperature and rainfall, modulates dormancy level at seed maturity and dormancy release during after-ripening. This study investigated the possibility to predict seed dormancy of L. rigidum over a large scale, based on spatial and climatic factors. Mature seeds were collected from 406 populations across 15 different agronomic zones of the 14 million hectare grain belt of southern Western Australia. For each population, initial dormancy and change in dormancy over a 6-month period were measured. Logistic growth curve models were then fitted for each population, with the resulting equation used to estimate four further parameters describing dormancy status of the population. These parameters were used to determine relationships between location in the grain belt and long-term and current-year temperature and rainfall parameters for each population. Although some trends in seed dormancy patterns were found and distinct spatial clusters were clearly evident, our results indicate that climatic parameters alone are unlikely to be a useful predictor for seed dormancy in L. rigidum on a large scale, such as the Western Australian grain belt.
Equilibrium states of turbulent homogeneous buoyant flows

The equilibrium states of homogeneous turbulent buoyant flows are investigated through a fixed-point analysis of the evolution equations for the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor and the scaled heat flux vector. The mean velocity and thermal fields are assumed to be two-dimensional. Scalar invariants formed from the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor, the scaled heat flux vector, and the strain rate and rotation rate tensors are governed by a closed set of algebraic equations derived for the stress anisotropy and scaled heat flux under a (weak) equilibrium assumption. Six equilibrium state variables are identified for the buoyant case and contrasted with the corresponding two state variables obtained for the non-buoyant homogeneous turbulence case. These results, while dependent on the functional forms of the models for the pressure–strain rate correlation tensor and the pressure–scalar-gradient correlation and viscous dissipation vector, can be used as in the non-buoyant case to either calibrate new closure models or validate the performance of existing models. In addition, since the analysis only involves the turbulent time scales (both velocity and thermal) and their ratio, the results of the analysis are independent of the specific models for the dissipation rates of the turbulent kinetic energy and the temperature variance. The analytical results are compared with model predictions as well as recent direct numerical simulation (DNS) data for buoyant shear flows. Good agreement with DNS data is obtained.
Heat treatment of cream affects the physicochemical properties of sweet buttermilk

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of heat treatment of sweet creams on the physicochemical properties of sweet industrial buttermilks. Creams with three different heat treatments: low, medium and high, were churned and the corresponding buttermilks were characterised. Furthermore, buttermilks were renneted and centrifuged to obtain insoluble pellets and supernatants. The physicochemical properties such as the particle size measured by laser light scattering and composition of creams, buttermilks, pellets and supernatants were determined and compared. Buttermilk had a composition close to that of skim milk but it contained more phospholipids (PL): 958 (± 137) mg·kg−1, compared with 120 mg·kg−1 in milk. The heat treatment induced a significant decrease in soluble protein contents in creams, buttermilks and soluble fractions as well as an increase in the buttermilk PL/fat ratio, and an increase in supernatant protein and total solids. Buttermilk and supernatant particle sizes ranged from 0.03 to 200 μm, with a maximum at 130 nm, which may correspond to small milk fat globules, phospholipid vesicles or protein aggregates. Fat and PL in buttermilks were recovered in supernatants. The use of buttermilk enzymatic coagulation combined with centrifugation may constitute a means to fractionate milk PL.Abstract(958 (± 137) mg·kg−1) (120 mg·kg−1) 0.03-200 µm 130 nmRésuméL’objectif de ce travail était de caractériser l’effet de l’intensité des traitements thermiques appliqués aux crèmes sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des babeurres doux industriels. Des crèmes ayant subi 3 traitements thermiques différents (faible, moyen et fort) ont été barattées, et les babeurres obtenus ont été caractérisés. De plus, les babeurres ont été coagulés par la présure puis centrifugés afin d’obtenir un culot insoluble et un surnageant. La composition des crèmes, babeurres, sérums et culots, ainsi que la taille des particules ont été déterminées et comparées. L’augmentation de l’intensité des traitements thermiques conduit à une diminution significative de la concentration en protéines solubles dans les crèmes, babeurres et surnageants, à une augmentation du ratio phospholipides/matière grasse du babeurre, ainsi que de l’extrait sec et de la matière azotée totale des surnageants. Les babeurres avaient des compositions proches de celle du lait écrémé, mais avec une concentration plus importante en phospholipides : 958 (± 137) mg·kg−1 contre 120 mg·kg−1. Les particules des babeurres et des surnageants avaient un diamètre compris entre 0,03 et 200 μm avec un maximum centré sur 130 nm. Ces particules pourraient correspondre à des globules gras de petite taille, des vésicules de phospholipides et/ou des agrégats de protéines. La totalité des lipides contenus dans les babeurres a été retrouvée dans la fraction soluble des surnageants. Techniquement, une coagulation enzymatique du babeurre suivie d’une centrifugation pourrait constituer un moyen de fractionnement des phospholipides.
Seroprevalence of IgM Antibodies to Dengue Fever Virus among Patients Presenting with Symptoms of Fever in Some Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Dengue fever is a viral infection that has become a major public health concern. The research was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of dengue fever virus by screening for IgM antibodies against the virus. A cross sectional study was carried out in three selected Local government Areas (Zaria, Kafanchan, and Birnin-Gwari Local) of the three senatorial district of Kaduna state, Nigeria from October to December 2014. A total of 366 patients presenting with symptoms of fever were recruited and about 5mls of whole blood was obtained after obtaining consent. Presence of IgM antibodies to dengue fever virus was determined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A prevalence of 51.9% was obtained for IgM to Dengue fever Virus. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of the antibodies among the three LGAs studied with Kafanchan having the highest prevalence of 72.95% (89/122). Females had a higher prevalence of 57.21 %. In terms of occupation, there was a significant difference in the prevalence obtained with farmers having the highest prevalence of 60.00%. There was no significant difference between age and dengue fever. However, participants who were 71years and above had the highest prevalence (85.71%: 6/7) and the lowest was found among participants in age group 51-60years old (30.43%: 7/23). This study showed a high prevalence of IgM to Dengue fever virus indicating the circulation of this virus mostly among female patients with symptoms of fever in Kaduna State. Febrile patients should be tested for dengue fever virus to avoid likely misdiagnosis of dengue fever and treatment as malaria.
Is a Degree Relevant? A Comparison of Pedagogical Thought Units of Teachers with and without ELT-related Academic Credentials

This paper studies the difference between the pedagogical thought units of ELT practitioners with English-relevant degrees and those with non-relevant degrees. An entire teaching session of eight EFL teachers’ performance was video recorded and their pedagogical thoughts were identified by using stimulated recall technique. The findings revealed that, in general, teachers with English-related degrees significantly reported more pedagogical thoughts than their colleagues with unrelated degrees. With respect to the categories of pedagogical thoughts, although the same families were reported by participants in both groups, there were slight differences in their rankings and significant differences in their frequency.
The Geography of Patenting In India: Patterns and Determinants

Regional analysis of knowledge creation activities in emerging economies like India is continued to be inadequate. This paper discusses the ways in which sub-national and regional factors can affect patenting activities and examines their empirical role in the case of India. The the regional profiles of domestic patenting activities in India is observed to considerably concentrated over space. West India, North India and South India turn out to be the three most dynamic and dominating sub-national spaces in Indian domestic patenting throughout the period 1990-2010. At the state level, more than half of the number of patent applications originated from just two states, namely Delhi and Maharashtra. Empirical analysis further underscored that Indian states' patenting activities are largely shaped by the size of local markets, availability of skilled labour force, knowledge institutions and urban centres.
Employment Protection and Misallocation of Resources Across Plants: International Evidence

Employment protection affects aggregate productivity via several channels in potentially contradicting ways, which makes it difficult to establish the relationship between the two. This study focuses on the misallocation of production factors across plants, which has been shown in past studies to substantially reduce aggregate productivity. The study provides new evidence on the effect of employment protection on resource misallocation using a large data set of manufacturing plants covering more than 90 countries. For measuring misallocation, I use the within-industry dispersion of the marginal product of labor and total factor productivity. The results show that higher cost of dismissing redundant workers is positively associated with misallocation. This effect appears to be larger in industries that have greater demand for adjusting labor, that is, in industries with intrinsically high layoff rates, and in expanding or shrinking industries. (JEL codes: O40, J08, L60, D24)
CS 395 T Project 2 : Shift-Reduce Parsing

In this work, I implemented shift-reduce parsing algorithms to create dependency trees for English sentences. The two main approaches were: a greedy model that used local features in a multiclass logistic regression, and a global model that used the beam-search algorithm to parse trees, with a structured perceptron making decisions. The global beam model showed promise for achieving the best results, and given enough time and space resources this could have been tested. Nevertheless, the best achieving algorithm was still the greedy model. The best performing greedy model achieved a unlabeled attachment score of 79.42. I also investigated the performance of each model on various languages other than English.
CLASSIFICATION OF RECURRING UNEMPLOYED WORKERS AND UNEMPLOYMENT EXITS

This study focuses on recurring unemployment, that is people with two or more spells of unemployment during the period of observation (July 1993 – August 1996). First, a classification is obtained which is then used to examine the specific role of occasional jobs during a spell of unemployment and, in this context, the influence of the received unemployment benefits on the duration of this spell. This paper is a continuation of previous analyses of unemployment in France, based on long-term data from the unemployed register held by ANPE (National Employment Bureau). The present analysis conducted using additional information about unemployment benefits received by the unemployed from UNEDIC (Unemployment Benefits Office).