Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identity uncertainty and UK–Scottish relations: Different dynamics depending on relative identity centrality

Drawing on uncertainty-identity theory, we investigated how people respond differently to identity uncertainty at a superordinate (i.e., UK) or subgroup (i.e., Scottish) level depending on the subjective self-conceptual centrality of subgroup relative to superordinate group; altering superordinate and subgroup identification and attitude toward subgroup relations to the superordinate group in the context of Scotland’s bid for independence from the UK (N = 115). Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed our prediction. Where the subgroup was self-conceptually more central than the superordinate group, subgroup identity uncertainty strengthened superordinate identification (H1) and weakened subgroup identification. Strengthened superordinate identification weakened support for subgroup separation. However, where the superordinate group was self-conceptually more central than the subgroup, superordinate identity uncertainty was not associated with superordinate and subgroup identification (H2).
Decision Boundary Analysis of Adversarial Examples

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are carefully crafted instances aiming to cause prediction errors for DNNs. Recent research on adversarial examples has examined local neighborhoods in the input space of DNN models. However, previous work has limited what regions to consider, focusing either on low-dimensional subspaces or small balls. In this paper, we argue that information from larger neighborhoods, such as from more directions and from greater distances, will better characterize the relationship between adversarial examples and the DNN models. First, we introduce an attack, OPTMARGIN, which generates adversarial examples robust to small perturbations. These examples successfully evade a defense that only considers a small ball around an input instance. Second, we analyze a larger neighborhood around input instances by looking at properties of surrounding decision boundaries, namely the distances to the boundaries and the adjacent classes. We find that the boundaries around these adversarial examples do not resemble the boundaries around benign examples. Finally, we show that, under scrutiny of the surrounding decision boundaries, our OPTMARGIN examples do not convincingly mimic benign examples. Although our experiments are limited to a few specific attacks, we hope these findings will motivate new, more evasive attacks and ultimately, effective defenses.
High species richness of natie pollinators in Brazilian tomato crops

Pollinators provide an essential service to natural ecosystems and agriculture. In tomatoes flowers, anthers are poricidal, pollen may drop from their pore when flowers are shaken by the wind. However, bees that vibrate these anthers increase pollen load on the stigma and in fruit production. The present study aimed to identify the pollinator richness of tomato flowers and investigate their morphological and functional traits related to the plant-pollinator interaction in plantations of Central Brazil. The time of anthesis, flower duration, and the number and viability of pollen grains and ovules were recorded. Floral visitors were observed and collected. Flower buds opened around 6h30 and closed around 18h00. They reopened on the following day at the same time in the morning, lasting on average 48 hours. The highest pollen availability occurred during the first hours of anthesis. Afterwards, the number of pollen grains declined, especially between 10h00 to 12h00, which is consistent with the pollinator visitation pattern. Forty bee species were found in the tomato fields, 30 of which were considered pollinators. We found that during the flowering period, plants offered an enormous amount of pollen to their visitors. These may explain the high richness and amount of bees that visit the tomato flowers in the study areas. The period of pollen availability and depletion throughout the day overlapped with the bees foraging period, suggesting that bees are highly effective in removing pollen grains from anthers. Many of these grains probably land on the stigma of the same flower, leading to self-pollination and subsequent fruit development. Native bees (Exomalopsis spp.) are effective pollinators of tomato flowers and are likely to contribute to increasing crop productivity. On the other hand, here tomato flowers offer large amounts of pollen resource to a high richness and amount of bees, showing a strong plant-pollinator interaction in the study agroecosystem.
Effect of daily supplementation of soy isoflavones on hot flashes and night sweats in African menopausal women

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical grade isoflavone supplement (Inoclim? ) 40 mg per capsule of soy extract rich in daidzin and genistin) on the number of hot flashes and night sweats in menopausal African women. This open, prospective, multicenter study involved 140 menopausal women with climacteric symptoms (i.e., a minimum of five hot flashes and/or moderate to severe night sweats per day). These patients received a daily 40-mg supplement of soy isoflavone contained in an Inoclim? capsule (Laboratoire Innotech International, France). The dose was increased to two capsules per day when there were more than five hot flashes or when the women could not sleep because of night sweats. The patients were followed up over a 4-month period and data were analyzed using EPI-InfoTM version 3.5. 1. The outcome measure was fewer hot flashes and night sweats. The mean daily number of episodes of hot flashes was 5.7 at baseline and 1.8 at week 16, corresponding to a decrease of 68.4% (n = 93 patients at baseline and n = 66 at 16 weeks). The mean number of daily episodes of night sweats was 3.7 at baseline and 0.8 at week 16, corresponding to a decrease of 78.4% (n = 127 patients in the first week and n = 73 at 16 weeks). Over 80% of patients took a single one 40 mg capsule per day. The percentage of patients who adhered to the prescription was more than 95% during the 4-month follow-up period. These results confirm the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical grade isoflavone supplement (40 mg, rich in genistin and daidzin) on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women.
9-416-15 Boork OfficeWise : Energy feedback in office workplaces

This paper presents the approach, progress and intermediate results from a project on energy feedback in office workplaces carried out in Sweden in 2011-2014. A system of three energy visualization prototypes targeting office workers has been designed and implemented in an office workplace. Feedback is given both on individual basis (in a PC application) and on collective basis (on a screen in the reception and by an ambient representation in the lunchroom). A measurement system provides detailed data on individual electricity use, temperature, ventilation and presence. The project aims at engaging office workers to more energy efficient behaviour by supplying tools to raise the awareness and ability to take action, but also to implement energy feedback in organizational processes. The main goal is permanent behavioural changes, resulting in 50 % electricity reduction in individual office rooms. The project is built on a participatory approach. The visualization tools were designed in collaboration with office workers using interviews, cultural probes, co-creation workshops etc. Designing new organizational strategies and action plans will include further workshops and co-creation with staff and management. In spring 2014, a one-week challenge was conducted among the office workers to estimate the energy saving potential. The results show an average reduction of 32 % compared to a representative ‘normal’ week. On an annual basis, the savings correspond to 65 kWh per office room or 17 % of the total electricity use. In general, the participants found the challenge interesting and took the opportunity to look over their habits. Throughout the project, office workers have stressed that the management lacks focus on and appreciation for energy efficiency. The next step is therefore to analyse how energy feedback can be implemented in organizational processes to achieve long-term changes in energy-related routines and behaviour.
Percepção de autoinstilação de gotas oculares em idosos com ou sem dispositivo de apoio facial

Received for publication 23/09/2016 Accepted for publication 02/10/2016 1 Ophthalmology Service of Policlinica Ronaldo Gazolla, Universidade Estácio de Sá , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2 Academic Course of Medicine, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Percepção de autoinstilação de gotas oculares em idosos com ou sem dispositivo de apoio facial Self instillation perception of eye drops in elderly patients with and without facial support device
Can't Always Get What you Want? Try an Indirect Route you Just Might Get What you Need: A Study on Access to Genetic Data by Canadian Life Insurers

Abstract: Concerns about genetic discrimination (GD) have been reported since the 1980s. The potential chilling effects of GD both in the clinical and research settings have prompted the adoption of a myriad of laws and moratoria on access to genetic data in Europe and the United States. Recent studies in Canada, Australia and Germany concerning patients and family members at-risk for Huntington’s disease have raised concerns about GD and life insurance. However, broader empirical evidence on the occurrence of GD (ex. involving complex genetic disorders in the context of personalized medi-cine) remains scarce. This study identifies the information that Canadian life insurers request in their primary proposal forms. 21 forms from different insurers, available online, were assessed to determine 1) whether insurers are explicitly or specifically requesting genetic information from applicants, 2) whether insurers are using open-ended questions in a way that may compel the broad disclosure of personal information, and 3) what type of authorization is requested from appli-cants to enable insurers to verify the accuracy and completeness of the information submitted on the form. Our findings show that Canadian life insurers do not explicitly request that applicants disclose their genetic test results on insurance questionnaires. However, their use of broad terminology and open questions, provide them access to a wealth of medical information (including genetic test results) in addition to family history of diseases. Both the breadth of information cur-rently being collected through their proposal forms and the lack of standardization across insurance groups raise concerns about the equity, transparency and overall coherence of the process. Although the findings have to be interpreted in the context of the inherent limitations of this type of study, they carry important consequences for the translation of personal-ized medicine which requires and generates a wealth of genomic information for patients.
Speech recognition using semi-hidden Markov models of multiple features

Semi-hidden Markov models (SHMMs) have been suggested and applied to isolated speaker-dependent E-set recognition. The SHMM differs from the conventionaJ hidden Markov model (HMM) in that its states can be classified into types. A function which detects signals corresponding to state types is thus included in the SHMMs and utilized to supervise the estimation of their parameters. This general structure is implemented in the recognition experiment as models with their states classified into stationary and transient types. The average recognition error rate is about 18.9% which compares favourably with the average of about 36.4% reported when using a dynamic time warping (DTW) recognition system by Lienard and Soong (ref 3) on an equivalent vocabulary. Tests using corresponding HMMs show similar results to that of the DTW system.
Complementary Medicine Products Used in Autism - Evidence for Efficacy and Safety

In Chapter 3 the rationale for a range of CAM products that are used in the management of autism was presented with the view to inform researchers and health care professionals about the theoretical or proven basis for a range of CAM products in autism. This Chapter is the second part of the two-part review and examines the evidence for efficacy and safety of a range of CAM products in autism. Each CAM product for which randomised controlled trials have been conducted has been assigned to a category of the Natural Standard Research Collaboration grading rationale for efficacy (Natural Standard Research Collaboration 2010). To determine safety of the range of CAM products investigated, all types of trials where specific a CAM product has been investigated in autism were examined.
Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Porous Ceramics Designed by a Partial Dissolution-Precipitation Technique with Supersonic Treatment for Bone Regeneration

Hydroxyapatite (HAp: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) granules and ceramics have been clinically applied for bioactive and substituted materials of hard tissues in dental and medical fields because of excellent biocompatibility and osteoconduction (Oyane, 2010; Yoshikawa, 2009; 2010). In recent years, orthopedists and oral surgeons require the high capability of commercial HAp products for biomaterials, such as improvement of bio-absorption at implanted regions and early incorporation into bio-metabolic system (Artzi et al., 2004; Okuda et al., 2007; 2008). Coping with the required capability of HAp products, it will be necessary to design the biomimetic ceramics that have smooth body-fluid-permeation, appropriate mechanical strength, high surface area, and high affinity for cells.
Patient Characteristics that Influence the Advocacy Role of Nurses in Ghana: A Qualitative Study

Study background: Several factors influence nurses to advocate for patients in the course of their work including particular patient characteristics. These characteristics however, are under reported in Ghana. Methods: The objective of the study was to determine the patient characteristics that influence the advocacy role of nurses. Ethical approval was obtained from the appropriate bodies and the study employed a qualitative exploratory descriptive design. A sample size of 15 nurses working in a regional hospital in Ghana was used and the participants voluntarily consented to participate in the study. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed using content analysis. Results: The participants advocated for patients who were neglected, vulnerable, uninformed, intimidated and dissatisfied. They advocated for those whose relatives failed to provide them with food, drugs and care. The participants also advocated for unconscious patients, children and apathetic patients. Their advocacy was also sometimes geared towards the protection of patients from paternalism, the profit-oriented health system and the complexity of the health system. Additionally, they advocated for the poor, uninformed and anxious patients and those who were dissatisfied with their care. Conclusion: The characteristics of patients that elicit nurses’ advocacy roles are diverse and may be context specific. The study provides an insight into patient characteristics which elicit nurses’ advocacy. Findings could be useful in enhancing the advocacy role of nurses to improve quality of care, patient satisfaction and patient autonomy.
Levels of knowledge and sources of information on sexually transmitted infections among secondary school youth in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.

The main purpose of this study was to explore sources of information and levels of knowledge on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among youth in secondary schools in Ilala district Dar es Salaam. A cross sectional survey was undertaken among secondary school youth selected randomly from three public secondary schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on socio-demographic characteristics sexual activity STIs-related knowledge and sources of information on STIs among the respondents. A total of 312 youth aged 12-22 years participated 54.3 percent being female. The large majority of the participants were aged 15-18 years (57.3 percent). About 28 percent of the respondents (40.4 percent of boys and 16.9 percent of girls) reported to have experienced sexual intercourse. While teachers were reported to be the least source of information on STIs the mass media particularly television was perceived to be the commonest source from which a greater part of the youthgot such information (23.4 and 75.0 percent respectively). Generally less than three-quarters (70 percent) of the students had a good level of STIs-related knowledge and this knowledge was significantly associated with increasing chronological age and current level of education of the respondents (Chi square for trend = 15.06 p = 0.000 and 13.06 p = 0.000 respectively). Despite STIs being rampant among young people worldwide these findings suggest a high sexual activity among the respondents and a relatively low level of knowledge on STIs. Moreover although family life education has been integrated into the school national school curriculum majority of the students got information on STIs via the media. In view of the findings it is recommended that additional efforts are required to raise the level of knowledge on STIs amongst the youth in schools to enable them make informed sexual decisions. It is also imperative that heath messages targeting youth take into consideration the acceptability of the medium exploited. (authors)
The relationship between visionary and emotional responses to print advertising

This paper empirically tests the nature of the relationship between a consumer's ad evoked imagery, referred to as Consumption Vision, and their subsequent emotional response. Three types of imagery eliciting stimuli – concrete words, instructions to imagine and pictorial images are tested in terms of their effectiveness in enhancing this relationship. A series of Pearson product correlations reveal a strong positive relationship between the extent to which the respondents elaborated on their consumption vision and their emotional response to the tourism product featured in the advertisement. The most effective stimulus combination in terms of the enhancement of this relationship featured concrete words and instructions to imagine with no image present. The least effective combination contained a less concrete style image and a combination of concrete words and instructions to imagine.
‘Sweet Sunrise’ Strawberry

‘Sweet Sunrise’ is a new June-bearing (short-day) strawberry (Fragaria ·ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) cultivar from the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) breeding program in Corvallis, OR, released in cooperation with the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and the Washington State University Agricultural Research Center. ‘Sweet Sunrise’ is a high-yielding cultivar that produces medium to large, firm, attractive, easily capped fruit with excellent quality that ripen in the early season. A U.S. plant patent application (S.N. 13/694,950) has been submitted.
Geographical information systems (GIS) and policing in South Africa: a review

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to explore the developments which have precipitated the use and integration of geographical information systems (GIS) within the South African Police Services (SAPS). Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a historical overview of GIS within South Africa, supplemented with the legislative origins of the integration of GIS within policing in South Africa. Various spatial analytic operations that GIS technology affords are highlighted to illustrate the potential that the technology offers to law enforcement agencies in South Africa.Findings – A number of challenges face the full integration of GIS within the day‐to‐day policing operations of the SAPS. Several critical success factors are identified which need to be eminently satisfied before the widespread integration of GIS within the SAPS can be achieved.Originality/value – GIS is envisaged as a tool to benefit the criminal justice community by playing an important role in the policing and crime prevention .
Theory for the anomalous electron transport in Hall effect thrusters. II. Kinetic model

In Paper I [T. Lafleur et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 053502 (2016)], we demonstrated (using particle-in-cell simulations) the definite correlation between an anomalously high cross-field electron transport in Hall effect thrusters (HETs), and the presence of azimuthal electrostatic instabilities leading to enhanced electron scattering. Here, we present a kinetic theory that predicts the enhanced scattering rate and provides an electron cross-field mobility that is in good agreement with experiment. The large azimuthal electron drift velocity in HETs drives a strong instability that quickly saturates due to a combination of ion-wave trapping and wave-convection, leading to an enhanced mobility many orders of magnitude larger than that expected from classical diffusion theory. In addition to the magnetic field strength, B0, this enhanced mobility is a strong function of the plasma properties (such as the plasma density) and therefore does not, in general, follow simple 1/B02 or 1/B0 scaling laws.
Having confidence in therapeutic work with young people: constraints and challenges to confidentiality

ABSTRACT Confidentiality presents particular challenges to practitioners working with young people, on account of the latter's vulnerability and emotional immaturity. Ethical codes place a key importance on confidentiality, from deontological and teleological perspectives. However, young clients may rely on a more pragmatic approach in deciding whether to disclose personal material to a counsellor. Surveys indicate that young people place high value on confidentiality in school and healthcare advice settings. Practitioners may perceive constraints and challenges to providing high levels of confidentiality to young people, in the form of assumed duties to report child abuse, under-age sexual activity, and the need to obtain prior parental consent for counselling. These apparent constraints are clarified in the light of recent statute and case law, which, in reality, provide robust support in law for counsellors providing high levels of confidentiality to young people.
Equatorial Deep Jets and abyssal mixing in the Indian Ocean

Abstract Vertical profiles of horizontal currents and hydrographic measurements from three cruises along 80.5°E from the coast of Sri Lanka to 6°S between December 1990 and September 1994 are used to investigate the scales of the Indian Ocean deep jets as well as internal wave parameters and dissipation at the equator. The deep jets at 80.5°E have a vertical wavelength of 660 sm (stretched meters) and amplitudes exceeding 10 cm s−1 in zonal velocity. They are observed throughout the water column and their flow direction reverses at 2° off the equator. The vertical positions of the jets differ among the cruises and are consistent with a flow reversal between the data collected in winter and summer. During September 1994, the jets were less pronounced. Due to the meridional distribution of their zonal velocity and the phase relationship between zonal velocity and vertical displacement, the jets are best described as nondispersive first-mode equatorial Rossby waves. The hydrographic data revealed thick layer.