Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Model of Bullying in the Nursing Workplace: Organizational Characteristics as Critical Antecedents

Providing a safe work environment where nurses can practice without fear or threat of aggression is acknowledged as a critical global issue for healthcare organizations. Although there has been growing recognition that workplace bullying is one of the most concerning forms of aggression experienced by nurses, to date, there has been little progress in developing explanatory models. In this article, we outline our recently validated model of bullying, which specifies organizational characteristics as critical antecedents. The model has important implications for the management of bullying, identifying that to be effective, interventions need to address features of workplace climate.
The efficacy of liquid-based cervical cytology using direct-to-vial sample collection.

BACKGROUND Previous studies of liquid-based cervical cytology (LBCC) have used a split sample collection technique that creates a potential negative bias for its evaluation. Thus, the full diagnostic potential of LBCC has not been established. The purpose of our study was to determine rates of specimen adequacy and cervical cytologic and histologically confirmed diagnoses obtained with a liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) test using a direct-to-vial sample collection technique and compare these results with those obtained using the conventional Pap test (CPT). METHODS A total of 1004 nonpregnant women aged 18 years or older with an intact cervix had Pap tests collected with an Ayre spatula and cytobrush, and the sample was placed in a preservative solution. The specimens were processed as thin layer Pap tests according to the manufacturer's specifications. Another group of 2110 women with a similar patient profile had a CPT collected immediately preceding the initiation of the trial. The subjects in each group consisted of an equal percentage of women presenting for a routine Pap test or a colposcopy examination. We compared the distributions of diagnostic categories between the groups using a chi-square test. RESULTS A significantly greater percentage of satisfactory Pap tests were obtained using LBCC (84.0%) compared with the CPT (60.5%, P < .001). Fewer satisfactory but limited by (SBLB, 14.8%) and unsatisfactory (1.2%) Pap tests were reported using LBCC compared with the CPT (35.7% and 3.8%, respectively, chi2 = 170.7, P < .001). A significantly greater percentage of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) Pap test results were reported using LBCC (7.4% and 3.7%, respectively) compared with the CPT (1.7% and 1.7%, respectively, chi2 = 74.4, P < .001). The predictive value of a positive LBCC test (93.9%) was similar to that for a positive CPT (87.8%) when compared with histology results. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the CPT, LBCC detected a significantly greater percentage of satisfactory Pap tests and significantly reduced the number of unsatisfactory and SBLB tests. Four times the percentage of LSIL and twice the percentage of HSIL Pap test results were obtained using LBCC compared with the CPT. These findings demonstrate that LBCC significantly improves the adequacy of Pap tests and may increase the rate of detection of cervical neoplasia compared with the CPT.
Magnetoencephalography study of the effect of attention modulation on somatosensory processing in patients with major depressive disorder

Although affective and/or attention modulation of somatosensory processing has been well studied, the biological bases of somatic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have rarely been examined. To elucidate changes in somatosensory processing underlying somatic symptoms in patients with MDD, we conducted a magnetoencephalography study of patients with MDD and healthy controls.
Binge Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Community College Students: Implications for Prevention Policy

Binge drinking and alcohol-related problems among students at traditional 4-year universities have been well documented. However, little is known about the frequency of their such behaviors and its consequences among community college students, who comprise roughly 44% of all undergraduate students in the United States. The present study examined binge drinking and alcohol-related problems in 762 (61% female) ethnically diverse (65% Caucasian, 20% Hispanic, 9% African American) community college students (mean age = 26.23, SD = 7.81). Based on gender-specific criteria, 25% engaged in binge drinking. As compared to nonbingers and current abstainers, bingers had higher rates of drinking-related problems. The implications of these findings for research and for prevention/intervention programs are discussed.
Does decentralization contribute to efficiency? Evidence from OECD countries

ABSTRACT This article provides evidence on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and technical efficiency. We begin the first stage of this study with a data envelopment analysis to obtain technical efficiency estimates for a sample of 23 OECD countries over the period 1992–2009. In a second stage, we explore the effects of fiscal decentralization and other control variables on technical efficiency. The results including all the control variables reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between fiscal decentralization of public expenditure and technical efficiency.
Sadness prediction and response: Effects of age and agreeableness

Research has suggested that both age and personality play a role in emotional experience and regulation, but these variables have not been considered together to determine the relative contribution of each. This study simultaneously examined age and agreeableness differences in the experience of sad stimuli. Participants were 46 younger adults (age, M = 22.04 years, SD = 5.41 years) and 48 older adults (age, M = 74.23, SD = 7.82 years). Participants were asked to predict how sad stimuli (i.e., sad photos) would make them feel and were then measured on their actual reaction to the stimuli (reactivity) as well as on their emotional recovery. Agreeableness, but not age, was related to predicted levels of sadness, such that the more agreeable, the higher the predicted sadness (β = 0.37). In contrast to expectations, prediction accuracy was not related to age or agreeableness. For emotional reactivity, agreeableness (β = 0.16), but not age, was related to reactivity to sad stimuli (i.e., more agreeable, higher reactivity). Finally, age (β = 0.14) was significantly related to emotional recovery such that the older adults reported lower levels of sadness at posttest than did the younger adults. Similarly, people who were more agreeable also reported better emotional recovery (β = 0.15). These relationships were not affected by depression or pretest sadness ratings. Overall, these findings suggest distinct roles for age and agreeableness in predicting different components of the emotion regulation process. An individual with advanced age, high levels of agreeableness, or both may be well-positioned for resilience throughout the emotion regulation process.
Accommodative intraocular lenses: considerations on use, function and design

Purpose of review To review the development, design and clinical implications of the first US Food and Drugs Administration approved accommodative lens. To inform the reader of forthcoming accommodative intraocular lens technologies that are being clinically tested and other technologies that are under design. Recent findings We present clinical data that are currently available or pending release on accommodative intraocular lenses. As much as the results of the technology can be appreciated, the approach toward the refractive mindset of the presbyopic intraocular lens patient must be understood and mastered. Summary Accommodative intraocular lens design and development are at a feverish pace. The lure is the perceived holy grail for the solution of presbyopia.
Assessing staff-oriented care with developmental support approach in Iranian NICUs

Abstract Background: Regarding improvements in preterm infants’ survival rates, it is necessary the improvement of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICUs) status in order to provide comprehensive care. The aim of this study was to assess the aspects of staffing-oriented neonatal care in NICUs affiliated to Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran. Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 23 NICUs of nine type-1 Universities of Medical Sciences across country. The study checklist contained 39 items in four domains, including “Composition, Philosophy, Training, and Support”, “Management”, “Resources”, and “Transition Systems”. Data were gathered through observation and analyzed using Stata software, version 13. Results: In this study, the mean score of staffing-oriented care was 43.5 of 100. In none of the studied domains, the mean score obtained was not above 50. Among the four domains studied, the highest score was related to “Management”, (the mean score of 50 of 100) and the lowest score related to “Resources” (the mean score of 35 of 100). Conclusions: Considering the importance of the role of health professionals in the neonatal comprehensive care, and also the low mean score of staffing-oriented care (43.51 out of 100) and also its items in NICUs in this study, it is concluded that more attention is needed for staff-oriented care as well as the strengthening of this dimension of developmental care along with other dimensions, through designing of appropriate interventions to improve the health outcomes of preterm infants.
Principal Perceptions of Professional Development

This case study research sought to understand the professional development perceptions and experiences of the principals from the researcher’s school district. The document explains the federal and state legislation regarding professional development and the variety of frameworks for evaluating the effectiveness of professional development experiences. Specifically, the following research questions were investigated in the study: What do principals identify as important characteristics of professional learning? How do principals describe the relationship between important characteristics of professional learning and their experience in a district-provided professional development program? And how do principals view the impact of their professional development experiences on their professional knowledge, attitudes, and practice? Administrators from the school district were interviewed about their perceptions of and experiences with professional learning. The findings from the study informed the researcher about the professional development perceptions and experiences of the principals and administrators in the district. The findings may also potentially inform central office administrators and those responsible for providing professional development for school principals and may further add to the literature on the topic.
Microbial Biofilms: from Ecology to Molecular Genetics

SUMMARY Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces or associated with interfaces. Despite the focus of modern microbiology research on pure culture, planktonic (free-swimming) bacteria, it is now widely recognized that most bacteria found in natural, clinical, and industrial settings persist in association with surfaces. Furthermore, these microbial communities are often composed of multiple species that interact with each other and their environment. The determination of biofilm architecture, particularly the spatial arrangement of microcolonies (clusters of cells) relative to one another, has profound implications for the function of these complex communities. Numerous new experimental approaches and methodologies have been developed in order to explore metabolic interactions, phylogenetic groupings, and competition among members of the biofilm. To complement this broad view of biofilm ecology, individual organisms have been studied using molecular genetics in order to identify the genes required for biofilm development and to dissect the regulatory pathways that control the plankton-to-biofilm transition. These molecular genetic studies have led to the emergence of the concept of biofilm formation as a novel system for the study of bacterial development. The recent explosion in the field of biofilm research has led to exciting progress in the development of new technologies for studying these communities, advanced our understanding of the ecological significance of surface-attached bacteria, and provided new insights into the molecular genetic basis of biofilm development.
Impact of engineering flow conditions on plasmid DNA yield and purity in chemical cell lysis operations

Chemical lysis of bacterial cells using an alkaline solution containing a detergent may provide an efficient scalable means for selectively removing covalently closed circular plasmid DNA from high‐molecular‐weight contaminating cellular components including chromosomal DNA. In this article we assess the chemical lysis of E. coli cells by SDS in a NaOH solution and determine the impact of pH environment and shear on the supercoiled plasmid and chromosomal DNA obtained. Experiments using a range of plasmids from 6 kb to 113 kb determined that in an unfavorable alkaline environment, where the NaOH concentration during lysis is greater than 0.15 ± 0.03 M (pH 12.9 ± 0.2), irreversible denaturation of the supercoiled plasmid DNA occurs. The extent of denaturation is shown to increase with time of exposure and NaOH concentration. Experiments using stirred vessels show that, depending on NaOH concentration, moderate to high mixing rates are necessary to maximize plasmid yield. While NaOH concentration does not significantly affect chromosomal DNA contamination, a high NaOH concentration is necessary to ensure complete conversion of chromosomal DNA to single‐stranded form. In a mechanically agitated lysis reactor the correct mixing strategy must balance the need for sufficient mixing to eliminate potential regions of high NaOH concentrations and the need to avoid excessive breakage of the shear sensitive chromosomal DNA. The effect of shear on chromosomal DNA is examined over a wide range of shear rates (101−105 s−1) demonstrating that, while increasing shear leads to fragmentation of chromosomal DNA to smaller sizes, it does not lead to significantly increased chromosomal DNA contamination except at very high shear rates (about 104−105 s−1). The consequences of these effects on the choice of lysis reactor and scale‐up are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of nutrient density and lighting regime in broiler chickens: Effect on antioxidant status and immune function

1. The effects of nutrient density and lighting regime on oxidant status and immune function of broilers were investigated in a 2 × 4 experimental design (8 groups of 576 chickens). 2. There were two nutrient densities: high (H) starter diet AME 13·39 MJ/kg, 230 g crude protein (CP)/kg: finisher 13·39 MJ/kg, 197 g CP/kg CP) and low (L) starter AME 12·03 MJ/kg, 208 g CP/k; finisher 12·14 MJ/kg, 183 g CP/kg C. The 4 lighting regimes were continuous (CL) 23L:1D, 20L:4D (12L:2D:8L:2D), 16L:8D (12L:3D:2L:3D:2L:2D) and 12L:12D (9L:3D:1L:3D:1L:3D:1L:3D). Blood and lymphoid organs were collected at d 21 and 42 for assay of antioxidant indices and immunity. 3. Chickens fed low density diet had a higher Fabricius bursa weight (FBW). Low density diet tended (P = 0·089) to increase the a-Naphthylacetate esterase (ANAE) positive percentage response at 42 d. 4. The 12L:12D schedule decreased serum malondialdehyde compared with other regimes at 21 d. At 42 d, it was lower in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups than in CL and 20L:4D. There was a trend (P = 0·086) for greater superoxide dismutase activity in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups than under the CL and 20L:4D regimes at 42 d. ANAE positive percentage in 12L:12D group at 42 d was higher than in CL and 20L:4D groups. Plasma IgG in the 12L:12D group at 42 d was higher than in the CL group. 5. There was an interaction between nutrient density and lighting regime for FBW at 42 d. 6. These results demonstrate that low nutrient density and a 12L:12D schedule lighting schedule can enhance oxidant-antioxidant balance and the immune functions of broilers.
Non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma associated with retinitis pigmentosa.

Non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBIE) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by generalized erythema and scaling. Two brothers with NBIE and retinitis pigmentosa are reported. One of them also had a marfanoid habitus, thoracic kyphosis, and arachnodactyly, and was heterozygous for alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. A third brother had skin involvement, but normal vision. Retinitis pigmentosa has been described in association with NBIE as part of Rud syndrome, which is no longer considered a separate entity. Major diagnostic features of Rud syndrome, such as hypogonadism, mental retardation, and epilepsy were absent in this family. The association of NBIE with retinitis pigmentosa in this family seems distinct from any previously described, currently recognized syndrome.
Effects of halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia on microcirculatory blood flow in musculocutaneous flaps.

Hypoperfusion and necrosis in musculocutaneous flaps used for reconstruction of tissue defects is still a significant clinical problem. Although the causes of hypoperfusion are frequently surgical in nature, little is known about the effects of anaesthetic management on blood flow in flaps or the outcome of flap surgery. We compared in minipigs the effects of halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia in equipotent doses on microcirculatory blood flow (MBF) in the skin and muscle part of musculocutaneous flaps and also in intact (control) skin and muscle. Measurements were made during stable normovolaemic conditions and during mild to moderate hypovolaemia (withdrawal of 5%, 10% and 15% of total blood volume). Multi-channel laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to measure MBF and electromagnetic flowmetry (EMF) for total flap blood flow. During normovolaemic conditions there was no significant difference between the two groups in central haemodynamic or respiratory data. After 15% blood loss, however, there was a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output in the halothane group while there was no significant change in the isoflurane group (P < 0.05). MBF in control skin, control muscle and flap muscle remained approximately 10-15% higher in the isoflurane than in the halothane group throughout the study. In the isoflurane group, MBF in flap skin was unchanged during normovolaemia and there was less than 10% decrease during hypovolaemia. In the halothane group hypovolaemia caused a significant decrease in MBF in flap skin: 27% decrease after 5% blood loss, 45% decrease after 10% blood loss and 49% decrease after 15% blood loss compared with 5%, 20% and 21%, respectively, in intact skin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adaptive control for backward quadrupedal walking. III. Stumbling corrective reactions and cutaneous reflex sensitivity.

1. Four cats were trained to walk backward (BWD) and forward (FWD) on a motorized treadmill. Mechanical (taps) or electrical (pulses) stimuli were applied to the dorsal or ventral aspect of the hind paw during swing or stance. Hindlimb kinematic data, obtained by digitizing 16-mm high-speed film, were synchronized with computer-analyzed electromyograms (EMG) recorded from anterior biceps femoris (ABF), vastus lateralis (VL), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), tibialis anterior (TA), and semitendinosus (ST). Responses to taps and pulses, as well as the modulation in cutaneous reflex sensitivity to pulses, were described for both walking directions and stimulus locations. 2. After dorsal taps that obstructed FWD swing, the hindlimb initially drew back away from the obstacle with knee flexion and ST activation, ankle extension with TA suppression and LG activation, and hip extension with ABF facilitation. Next, the limb was raised over the obstacle with resumed TA activity and enhanced knee and ankle flexion, and then compensatory knee and ankle extension positioned the limb for the ensuing stance phase. 3. For ventral taps that obstructed BWD swing, the initial response also tended to draw the limb away from the obstacle with hip and ankle flexion and TA facilitation and reduced knee flexion with weak VL facilitation and suppression of ST activity. Next, ST activity resumed as knee and ankle flexion raised the limb over the obstacle, and then compensatory extension completed the swing phase for BWD walking. Thus the initial kinematic and EMG responses to obstacles were opposite for BWD versus FWD swing, and these responses were consistent with active avoidance of the obstacles. Responses during BWD walking were subtle, however, compared with those for FWD. 4. After nonobstructing taps (ventral FWD, dorsal BWD), ST and TA activation and knee and ankle flexion were coincident, demonstrating that the aforementioned differences in responses to obstructing obstacles were not simply location dependent. Regardless of the direction of walking or the location of stimulation, taps applied during stance had little immediate kinematic effect, but the subsequent swing phase was usually exaggerated, as if the response was programmed to avoid any lingering obstacle. 5. Electrical pulses did not elicit the full-blown responses typically evoked by taps. The sequencing in activation of ST and TA characteristic after laps was absent after pulses, and there were rarely dramatic kinematic responses to pulses like those easily elicited by taps. There were, in fact, few differences in responses to electrical stimulation for BWD versus FWD walking. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Alloimmunization to RhD antigen in RhD‐incompatible haemopoietic cell transplants with non‐myeloablative conditioning

Background and Objectives Following exposure to RhD antigen, anti‐D develops in up to 20% of RhD‐negative patients on chemotherapy, but seldom in the recipients of haemopoietic cell (HC) or solid‐organ transplants. Data on anti‐D formation come from HC transplants using myeloablative conditioning; no data are available for the non‐myeloablative HC transplants. The two types of transplant have a distinct isohaemagglutinin disappearance rate and different kinetics of post‐transplant red‐cell engraftment. The objective of the study was to analyse anti‐D formation in patients receiving non‐myeloablative transplants from RhD‐incompatible donors.