Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Product Scent and Memory

Scent research has focused primarily on the effects of ambient scent on consumer evaluations. We focus instead on the effects of product scent on consumer memories. For instance, if a pencil or a facial tissue is imbued with scent (vs. not), recall for the brand’s other attributes increases significantly—with the effects lasting as much as 2 weeks after exposure. We also find that product scent is more effective than ambient scent at enhancing memory for product information. We suggest that this may be because, with product (ambient) scent, scent-related associations are focused on a single object (are diffused across multiple objects) in the environment. In support, we find that the memory effects are driven by the number of product/scent-related associations stored in long-term memory. The results suggest that, although ambient scent has received the bulk of attention from researchers and managers in recent years, greater focus on product scent is warranted.
A lower boundary for category formation in preverbal infants

In this journal Roberts & Horowitz (1986) have recently reported the acquisition of the category ' bird' from a series of prototypical exemplars by infants at 059, but not at 057. In their study, infants were visually habituated to exemplars of the category and then tested for categorization through sequential presentations of novel in-category and out-of-category examples. Recent data from our laboratory have shown that infants' attentional responses in such single-presentation, sequential test phases do not provide a stable or reliable index of visual processing (Colombo, Mitchell, O'Brien & Horowitz forthcoming), while infants' paired-comparison performance does (Colombo, Mitchell & Horowitz 1986). Furthermore, other data suggest that paired-comparison phases, in which test stimuli are simultaneously presented in a forced-choice procedure, may provide a more sensitive measure of infants' cognitive processing (Mitchell, Colombo, Horowitz & O'Brien 1986). In the studies reported here we sought to corroborate the Roberts & Horowitz (1986) results with their original procedures (Experi-ment 1) and to extend the'lower age boundary for categorization by using the methodological refinements mentioned above (Experiment 2). tested studies.
Unselfconscious Interaction in the Home : A Construct

In this article we present the theoretical construct of unselfconscious interaction, a form of interaction with computational artifacts animated by incremental engagements leading to subjective and possibly unknown improvements in relationships among artifacts, environments, and people. The construct is particularly applicable to interactions that unfold over time like those in the home. Drawing on Christopher Alexander’s (1964) notion of goodness of fit and unselfconscious culture, we build on three concept artifacts, the Discovery-Driven Prototypes (Lim et al., 2013), the Indoor Weather Stations (Gaver et al., 2013), and our own table-non-table. We theoretically analyze and synthesize these concept artifacts to develop the construct of unselfconscious interaction. The construct is comprised of the motivation of goodness of fit that is supported by the qualities of open-endedness and lived with interaction with computational artifacts. To support this theoretical investigation, we extend related theories of interaction and design research, and more specifically elaborate on concept-driven research (Stolterman & Wiberg, 2010) and strong concepts (Höök & Unselfconscious Interaction in the Home: A Construct 3 IWC Journal – First draft – December 20, 2013 Löwgren, 2012). Our contribution lies in the articulation of the interaction construct of unselfconscious interaction and in our methodological approach to theorizing a construct that demonstrates an alternative (and complement) to empirical knowledge making in interaction design and HCI.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-26 Is Associated with Estrogen-Dependent Malignancies and Targets α1-Antitrypsin Serpin

Proteases exert control over cell behavior and affect many biological processes by making proteolytic modification of regulatory proteins. The purpose of this paper is to describe novel, important functions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-26. α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a serpin, the primary function of which is to regulate the activity of neutrophil/leukocyte elastase. Insufficient antiprotease activity because of AAT deficiency in the lungs is a contributing factor to early-onset emphysema. We recently discovered that AAT is efficiently cleaved by a novel metalloproteinase, MMP-26, which exhibits an unconventional PH81CGVPD Cys switch motif and is autocatalytically activated in cells and tissues. An elevated expression of MMP-26 in macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes supports the functional role of MMP-26 in the AAT cleavage and inflammation. We have demonstrated a direct functional link of MMP-26 expression with an estrogen dependency and confirmed the presence of the estrogen-response element in the MMP-26 promoter. Immunostaining of tumor cell lines and biopsy specimen microarrays confirmed the existence of the inverse correlations of MMP-26 and AAT in cells/tissues. An expression of MMP-26 in the estrogen-dependent neoplasms is likely to contribute to the inactivation of AAT, to the follow-up liberation of the Ser protease activity, and because of these biochemical events, to promote matrix destruction and malignant progression. In summary, we hypothesize that MMP-26, by cleaving and inactivating the AAT serpin, operates as a unique functional link that regulates a coordinated interplay between Ser and metalloproteinases in estrogen-dependent neoplasms.
Erlotinib response in an NSCLC patient with a novel compound G719D+L861R mutation in EGFR.

CASE REPORT A 62 year old never smoker Caucasian female was diagnosed with Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. Staging revealed a left lower lobe primary, an associated pleural effusion and multiple bony and hepatic metastases (Figure 1). An IR-guided core biopsy of the primary lesion was performed, which demonstrated a well differentiated adenocarcinoma that was TTF-1 and CK7 positive and CK20 negative by immunohistochemistry. EGFR mutation analysis was performed via the EGFR RGQ PCR assay (Qiagen, Manchester, UK) showing a G719X mutation (exon 18). The patient was started on erlotinib at 150mg daily. Restaging PET/CT revealed decreased size and metabolic activity of the primary lesion and resolution of a hepatic metastasis (Figure 1). Approximately 9 months after starting erlotinib, restaging PET/CT revealed disease progression with new left pleural thickening and worsening effusion. A left sided VATS/biopsy and pleurodesis was performed for symptom management and further molecular diagnostics. Mutational analysis performed at the Colorado Molecular Correlates Laboratory (CMOCO) at the University of Colorado Hospital using the ABIPrism SNaPshot multiplex PCR platform (Applied Biosystems, Forest City, CA) followed by direct sequencing duplicated her previously known G719X mutation, which was further clarified to be a c.2156G>A (p.G719D) mutation in addition to a c.2582T>G (p.L861R) point mutation in exon 20 (Figure 2). Repeat molecular testing of the patient’s original diagnostic biopsy was performed at CMOCO, with both mutations (G719D and L861R) identified. The patient continued on erlotinib post-procedure in anticipation of enrollment in a clinical trial when she presented with progressive confusion, memory loss and disease progression in the CNS by MRI. The patient elected to forgo further therapy and enrolled in hospice, passing 11 months after initial diagnosis. Figure 1 Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography images with Thoracic imaging (Panels A and B) demonstrating disease burden at initial staging (A) and intial response (B). Axial images of hepatic metastases (C and D) from intial staging (C) and initial . Figure 2 Chromatograms demonstrating EGFR mutations - G719D exon 18 (A) and L861R in exon 21 (B) as detected in the October 2012 re-biopsy sample. Both mutations were identified in the pre-treatment sample upon repeat analysis.
Novel Nanotechnology of TiO2 Improves Physical-Chemical and Biological Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of glass ionomer cement (GIC) added with TiO2 nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes [3%, 5%, and 7% (w/w)] were incorporated into GIC's (Ketac Molar EasyMix™) powder component, whereas unblended powder was used as control. Physical-chemical-biological analysis included energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), surface roughness (SR), Knoop hardness (SH), fluoride-releasing analysis, cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Parametric or nonparametric ANOVA were used for statistical comparisons (α ≤ 0.05). Data analysis revealed that EDS only detected Ti at the 5% and 7% groups and that GIC's physical-chemical properties were significantly improved by the addition of 5% TiO2 as compared to 3% and GIC alone. Furthermore, regardless of TiO2 concentration, no significant effect was found on SR, whereas GIC-containing 7% TiO2 presented decreased SH values. Fluoride release lasted longer for the 5% and 7% TiO2 groups, and cell morphology/spreading and ECM composition were found to be positively affected by TiO2 at 5%. In conclusion, in the current study, nanotechnology incorporated in GIC affected ECM composition and was important for the superior microhardness and fluoride release, suggesting its potential for higher stress-bearing site restorations.
CCR9+ macrophages are required for acute liver inflammation in mouse models of hepatitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are involved in the induction of liver inflammation. We investigated the roles of specific APCs in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury in mice. METHODS We used concanavalin A (con A) or carbon tetrachloride to induce acute liver inflammation in mice and studied the roles of macrophages that express CCR9. RESULTS After injection of con A, we detected CCR9(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(-) macrophages that express tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in livers of mice, whereas CCR9(+)Siglec-H(+)CD11b(-)CD11c(low) plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which are abundant in normal livers, disappeared. The CCR9(+) macrophages were also detected in the livers of RAG-2(-/-) mice, which lack lymphocytes and natural killer T cells, after injection of con A. Under inflammatory conditions, CCR9(+) macrophages induced naive CD4(+) T cells to become interferon gamma-producing Th1 cells in vivo and in vitro. CCR9(-/-) mice injected with con A did not develop hepatitis unless they also received CCR9(+) macrophages from mice that received con A; more CCR9(+) macrophages accumulated in their inflamed livers than CCR9(+) pDCs, CCR9(-) pDCs, or CCR9(-) macrophages isolated from mice that had received injections of con A. Levels of CCL25 messenger RNA increased in livers after injection of con A; neutralizing antibodies against CCL25 reduced the induction of hepatitis by con A by blocking the migration of CCR9(+) macrophages and their production of TNF-α. Peripheral blood samples from patients with acute hepatitis had greater numbers of TNF-α-producing CCR9(+)CD14(+)CD16(high) monocytes than controls. CONCLUSIONS CCR9(+) macrophages contribute to the induction of acute liver inflammation in mouse models of hepatitis.
Influence of nutritional knowledge on the use and interpretation of Spanish nutritional food labels.

UNLABELLED The present study analyzed the nutritional knowledge of Spanish consumers and its relationship with the correct use of food labels. Consumers were asked about their nutritional knowledge and some functional foods and about their understanding of food labeling and their use of it to select healthy food. A 2-part questionnaire was employed. The 1st part concerned their knowledge of nutritional facts, including their knowledge about macronutrients and perception of certain functional foods, while the 2nd part addressed some questions regarding food labels. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in nutritional knowledge by either age or gender, but a direct relationship with educational level. The association between nutritional knowledge and the perception and understanding of food labeling showed that the nutritional label rarely influenced the food purchases of the group with low nutritional knowledge, who considered that this information was too technical. More than half of the consumers did not consider the calorie or sugar content important for selecting food. In addition, the group with low nutritional knowledge stated that they never or rarely looked at the food labels to check whether it was low-fat food that they were buying. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Knowing the status of the consumer's nutritional knowledge allows health campaigns to be designed; considering the influence of cultural factors and the perception of food labeling is very useful for promoting better nutritional information.
Conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease at death

To determine which conditions may be associated with reduced survival in patients with Alzheimer's disease, we studied all death certificates in the United States for 1978 on which senile and presenile dementia (ICDA 290, N = 7,195) was mentioned. Each case was compared with two control deaths. Differences in the frequency of listing on the death certificates for the following conditions reached statistical significance: infections, trauma, nutritional deficiency, chronic ulcer of skin, foreign body in pharynx, cataract, glaucoma, blindness, deafness, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. There seem to be many preventable and treatable disorders in patients with senile and presenile dementia.
Modeling the Reactions of Superoxide and Myeloperoxidase in the Neutrophil Phagosome

Neutrophils kill bacteria by ingesting them into phagosomes where superoxide and cytoplasmic granule constituents, including myeloperoxidase, are released. Myeloperoxidase converts chloride and hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is strongly microbicidal. However, the role of oxidants in killing and the species responsible are poorly understood and the subject of current debate. To assess what oxidative mechanisms are likely to operate in the narrow confines of the phagosome, we have used a kinetic model to examine the fate of superoxide and its interactions with myeloperoxidase. Known rate constants for reactions of myeloperoxidase have been used and substrate concentrations estimated from neutrophil morphology. In the model, superoxide is generated at several mm/s. Most react with myeloperoxidase, which is present at millimolar concentrations, and rapidly convert the enzyme to compound III. Compound III turnover by superoxide is essential to maintain enzyme activity. Superoxide stabilizes at ∼25 μm and hydrogen peroxide in the low micromolar range. HOCl production is efficient if there is adequate chloride supply, but further knowledge on chloride concentrations and transport mechanisms is needed to assess whether this is the case. Low myeloperoxidase concentrations also limit HOCl production by allowing more hydrogen peroxide to escape from the phagosome. In the absence of myeloperoxidase, superoxide increases to >100 μm but hydrogen peroxide to only ∼30 μm. Most of the HOCl reacts with released granule proteins before reaching the bacterium, and chloramine products may be effectors of its antimicrobial activity. Hydroxyl radicals should form only after all susceptible protein targets are consumed.
Coherent evolution of potential vorticity anomalies associated with deep moist convection

Potential vorticity (PV) elegantly describes synoptic‐ and planetary‐scale dynamics, but it has received less attention on smaller scales. On the convective scale, PV is characterised by dipoles associated with convective cells. We show that the PV dipoles are statistically significant and associated with statistically significant flow anomalies. Our hypothesis is that there is a coherent evolution of the PV dipoles. This hypothesis is tested by tracking convective cells in the non‐hydrostatic COSMO‐DE numerical weather prediction model during nine severe weather events. The 3135 convective cells used in this study are representative of deep moist convection over Western Europe in the COSMO‐DE model. Composites of the evolution of convective cells are made, and differences between ‘normal’ and intense cells are discussed.
Evaluation of reformulated chemiluminescent DNA probe (AccuProbe) for culture identification of Mycobacterium kansasii

A panel of 104 isolates belonging to the species Mycobacterium kansasii and 78 mycobacterial isolates belonging to other species was tested in parallel with the present commercially available DNA probe (AccuProbe; Gen-Probe) and with a new probe just developed by the same manufacturer. While the old version of the probe confirmed the previously reported low sensitivity (only 59% of the M. kansasii isolates reacted), the new one was 100% sensitive. Only two non-M. kansasii strains, both M. gastri isolates, gave false-positive hybridization results.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Greenhouse Pepper. I. Effects of Nitrogen Concentration and NO3: NH4 Ratio on Yield, Fruit Shape, and the Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to Plant Mineral Composition

Blossom-end rot (BER) is one of the major physiological disorders of greenhouse bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The objective of the present work was to study the effects of the solution N concentration and N-NO,: N-NH 4 ratio on fruit yield and the incidence of BER and other fruit-quality traits of greenhouse-grown bell pepper in a Mediterranean climate. Three experiments were conducted: Expt. 1 included five total N concentrations (0.25 to 14 mmol.L -1 , with a constant N-NO 3 : N-NH 4 ratio of 4); Expt. 2 included five treatments of different NO 3 : NH 4 molar ratios (0.25 to 4, with a constant N concentration of 7 mmol.L -1 ); and Expt. 3 included three treatments of different NO 3 : NH 4 molar ratios (1.0, 3.0 and 9.0, with a constant N concentration of 7 mmol.L -1 ). Plants were grown in an aero-hydroponics system in Expts. 1 and 2 and in tuff medium in Expt. 3, in greenhouses in Israel. The optimal values of N concentration for total fruit yield and for high fruit quality (marketable) were 9.3 and 8.3 mmol.L -1 , respectively. The total and high-quality fruit yields both increased with increasing N-NO,: N-NH 4 ratio in the range studied. The total and high-quality fruit yields both decreased sharply as the NH 4 concentration in the solution increased above 2 mmol.L -1 . The increase in the NH 4 concentration in the solution is the main cause of the suppression of Ca concentration in the leaves and fruits and the increased incidence of BER. The occurrence of flat fruits also increased with increasing NH 4 concentration in the solution.
Matrix description of general motion correction applied to multishot images

Motion of an object degrades MR images, as the acquisition is time‐dependent, and thus k‐space is inconsistently sampled. This causes ghosts. Current motion correction methods make restrictive assumptions on the type of motions, for example, that it is a translation or rotation, and use special properties of k‐space for these transformations. Such methods, however, cannot be generalized easily to nonrigid types of motions, and even rotations in multiple shots can be a problem. Here, a method is presented that can handle general nonrigid motion models. A general matrix equation gives the corrupted image from the ideal object. Thus, inversion of this system allows us to get the ideal image from the corrupted one. This inversion is possible by efficient methods mixing Fourier transforms with the conjugate gradient method. A faster but empirical inversion is discussed as well as methods to determine the motion. Simulated three‐dimensional affine data and two‐dimensional pulsation data and in vivo nonrigid data are used for demonstration. All examples are multishot images where the object moves between shots. The results indicate that it is now possible to correct for nonrigid types of motion that are representative of many types of patient motion, although computation times remain an issue. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative Coordination to Unknown “Weak Zeitgebers” in Free-Running Blind Individuals

Light is the primary synchronizer of the human biological clock. In more than half of those blind individuals who completely lack light perception, the absence of photic input to the hypothalamic circadian pacemaker results in rhythms that free-run (blind free-runners [BFRs]) with a period typically greater than 24 h. The remainder are entrained, although sometimes at an abnormal phase angle. It is presumed that weak as-yet-to-be-identified time cues provide the necessary resetting stimulus in these entrained individuals. These weak zeitgebers might be expected to modulate the observed circadian period in blind people who are not actually entrained by them. The authors report here the results from 5 BFRs (average linear regression period ±SD of 24.31 ± 0.06 h) who had high-resolution (many and frequent) phase assessments. All 5 subjects demonstrated a similar and reproducible pattern of changes in observed period (period response curves) indicative of relative coordination. The precise shape of the period response curve to weak zeitgebers has implications for the entrainment of BFRs using exogenous melatonin administration or other nonphotic stimuli. Sighted individuals may also be affected by such weak zeitgebers, which may be obscured by the stronger light/dark cycle.