Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of surface water and groundwater flows to open‐ and closed‐basin lakes in a headwaters watershed using a descriptive oxygen stable isotope model

Accurate quantification of hydrologic fluxes in lakes is important to resource management and for placing hydrologic solute flux in an appropriate biogeochemical context. Water stable isotopes can be used to describe water movements, but they are typically only effective in lakes with long water residence times. We developed a descriptive time series model of lake surface water oxygen‐18 stable isotope signature (δL) that was equally useful in open‐ and closed‐basin lakes with very different hydrologic residence times. The model was applied to six lakes, including two closed‐basin lakes and four lakes arranged in a chain connected by a river, located in a headwaters watershed. Groundwater discharge was calculated by manual optimization, and other hydrologic flows were constrained by measured values including precipitation, evaporation, and streamflow at several stream gages. Modeled and observed δL were highly correlated in all lakes (r = 0.84–0.98), suggesting that the model adequately described δL in these lakes. Average modeled stream discharge at two points along the river, 16,000 and 11,800 m3 d−1, compares favorably with synoptic measurement of stream discharge at these sites, 17,600 and 13,700 m3 d−1, respectively. Water yields in this watershed were much higher, 0.23–0.45 m, than water yields calculated from gaged streamflow in regional rivers, approximately 0.10 m, suggesting that regional groundwater discharge supports water flux through these headwaters lakes. Sensitivity and robustness analyses also emphasized the importance of considering hydrologic residence time when designing a sampling protocol for stable isotope use in lake hydrology studies.
A Study on the Effects of Strategic HRM Systems on Performance: The Case of Pakistani Manufacturing Companies.:The Case of Pakistani Manufacturing Companies

This study explores the relationship between HRM (human resource management) systems and performance using data from 192 manufacturing companies operating in Pakistan. This study examines this relationship in two ways: direct impact of HRM systems on performance and indirect impact or effect of HRM systems on performance through HR outcomes. The HRM systems include the practices of participative leadership, job security and training and development. The results of regression analysis suggest that the individual HRM practices impact the performance significantly in isolation but these direct effects are insignificant when HR outcomes mediate the relation between HRM systems and performance. The configuration of HRM practices showed a significant impact on performance. These impacts are more profound when management uses HRM practices to elicit the employee’s attitudes/behaviors in terms of job satisfaction and work motivation. The results of structural equation modeling also suggest the prediction that the HRM systems impact performance more significantly through HR outcomes. Hence the study emphasizes the systematic and integrated use of behavior oriented HRM practices in order to achieve competitive advantage.
Self- and Partner-Perceptions of Interpersonal Problems and Relationship Functioning

This study investigated whether self- and partner-perceptions of interpersonal problems predicted relationship functioning. Partners’ understanding of one another’s interpersonal problems, projection of their own problems onto their partners, and positive perceptions of their partners’ problems were assessed. Individuals from 76 couples completed selfreport measures of their own interpersonal problems and of their perceptions of their partners’ interpersonal problems. Relationship functioning was assessed by self-reported satisfaction and by expert ratings of relationship quality. Partner-perceptions more strongly and consistently predicted relationship functioning than did self-perceptions. There was evidence of understanding of interpersonal problems, but degree of understanding did not predict relationship satisfaction or quality. Similarly, there was evidence of projection of level of interpersonal problems, but degree of projection did not predict relationship functioning. In contrast, positive perceptions of interpersonal problems were associated with positive relationship functioning.
The Psychology of Gender

Over the past century, there have been many changes in male-female relationships, in the ways men and women think of each other and of themselves, and in the societal norms for feminine and masculine behavior. The malefemale distinction has been assigned meanings and significance that have implications for work, family, leisure, and almost all aspects of social life. In fact, the differences and similarities between men and women are compelling for their personal, but also their political, economic, social, and educational implications. This chapter presents examples of active learning activities and how these experiential learning exercises are adapted to the course goals and objectives in a psychology of gender course. The focus of the chapter is on how to best integrate new research findings to the students’ existing knowledge base to create a new appreciation of these complex issues and how they influence each individual’s life.
A tale of two cities: A study on the satisfaction of asynchronous e-learning systems in two Australian universities

The aim of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the satisfaction of first year Information Systems students with asynchronous e-learning systems at the University of Tasmania and the University of Adelaide. It measures whether factors such as content, learner interface, feedback and assessment, personalisation, learning community and access affect students’ satisfaction with asynchronous e-learning systems. This paper also compares whether there is any difference in satisfaction with the different systems between the two universities. It found that there is no difference in satisfaction between the different asynchronous e-learning systems used in the two universities but found that factors such as content, personalised feedback, interface and learning community were significantly related to students’ satisfaction with asynchronous e-learning systems. These findings may influence how lecturers and designers utilise asynchronous e-learning systems for first year University students. Well structured quality content that is presented in an easy to understand format along with receiving personalised feedback on their progress are important elements of effective e-learning. Coupled with these factors is the need to learn in a community and the ability to select resources from the asynchronous e-learning system to suit their personal needs.
3 Social Determinants of HIV Health Care : A Tale of Two Cities

Despite unprecedented scale up and advances in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in the last fifteen years, the great majority of individuals around the world who need antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not receiving it. Furthermore, it has now become apparent that even in locations where there is access to treatment, segments of the population do not engage in care because of multiple barriers that prevent them from accessing care, thus losing the potential benefits of ART. A social ecological framework can be applied to understand the multiple layers of factors at the individual, interpersonal and structural levels, that affect HIV clinical outcomes and consequently transmission (Stokols 1996). The institutional barriers include those imposed by the very institutions developed to care for people with HIV. Beyond institutional barriers, factors related to poverty and economics, politics, and the sociocultural and psychological context of the individual all contribute to the challenges faced by people seeking treatment. Acknowledging the difficulties that HIV-infected individuals confront, the World Health Organization (WHO) has put forth the goal of universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care (WHO 2010). In addition to improving the individual’s personal health, access and treatment with subsequent virologic suppression on a population level may help decrease transmission of HIV (Das et al. 2010). Until a cure for HIV is found, individuals infected with HIV face a lifetime of requiring health care access and antiretroviral drug therapy to control the virus, in addition to the comorbidities associated with chronic HIV infection. For those able to enter and remain in care, additional obstacles can prevent them from maintaining high levels of adherence to the available therapies. In this chapter, we will explore how the sociocultural context of a particular region can influence health care outcomes for individuals living with HIV. First, we exemplify two epidemics and two health care systems separated geographically and culturally from one another, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in order to illustrate how these factors can impede a successful response to ART. Following this description, we describe efforts that have been undertaken to address some of these barriers to improve engagement in health care within and beyond these settings. We also review creative approaches that can be used to maximize adherence to treatment. Finally, a course for the ultimate way forward is chartered, detailing steps necessary to address these barriers in a variety of settings around the world.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J The PAMELA positron excess from annihilations into a light boson

Recently published results from the PAMELA experiment have shown conclusive evidence for an excess of positrons at high ( ∼ 10 − 100 GeV) energies, conﬁrming earlier indications from HEAT and AMS-01. Such a signal is generally expected from dark matter annihilations. However, the hard positron spectrum and large amplitude are diﬃcult to achieve in most conventional WIMP models. The absence of any associated excess in anti-protons is highly constraining on models with hadronic annihilation modes. We revisit an earlier proposal, wherein the dark matter annihilates into a new light ( < ∼ GeV) boson φ , which is kinematically constrained to go to hard leptonic states, without anti-protons or π 0 ’s. We ﬁnd this provides a very good ﬁt to the data. The light boson naturally provides a mechanism by which large cross sections can be achieved through the Sommerfeld enhancement, as was recently proposed. Depending on the mass of the WIMP, the rise may continue above 300 GeV, the extent of PAMELA’s ability to discriminate between electrons and positrons. a boost reasonably can arise from a Sommerfeld enhancement, without appeals to substructure.
THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE OF THE ULTRA-METAL-POOR STAR HE 0557−4840

We present a high-resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of the ultra-metal-poor (UMP) carbon-enhanced red giant HE 0557−4840 (T eff/log g/[Fe/H] = 4900/2.2/−4.8). Combining these data with earlier observations, the radial velocity is 212.0 ± 0.4 km s−1, with no evidence of variability during 2006 February to 2007 December. One-dimensional (1D) LTE model-atmosphere analysis of UV Fe and CH lines confirms the iron and carbon abundances obtained previously ([Fe/H] = −4.8 and [C/Fe]1D = +1.7), and places a more stringent limit on nitrogen abundance of [N/Fe]1D < +1.0. Analysis of the UV OH lines yields [O/Fe]1D = +2.3 ± 0.4. When corrections are made for three-dimensional (3D) effects we obtain [C/Fe]3D = +1.1, [N/Fe]3D < +0.1, and [O/Fe]3D = +1.4. Comparison of the abundances of HE 0557−4840 with those of supernova models of Nomoto et al. and Joggerst et al. suggests that none is able to explain fully the observed abundance pattern. For HE 0557−4840, the Frebel et al. transition discriminant Dtrans(= log(10[C/H] + 0.3 × 10[O/H]) = −3.4 ± 0.2, consistent with fine-structure transitions of C ii and O i being a major cooling mechanism of star-forming regions at the earliest times. Of the four stars known to have [Fe/H] ≲ −4.3, three are strongly carbon and oxygen enhanced. If the suggestion by Caffau et al. that SDSS J102915+172927 ([Fe/H] = −4.7) does not belong to the class of C-rich, O-rich, UMP stars is supported by future similar discoveries, one will need to consider multiple channels for the production of stars having [Fe/H] ≲ −4.3.
The Role of Punicic Acid ( c 9 t 11 c 13-CLNA ) in Lipid and Energy Metabolism of Mice

Punicic acid (c9t11c13-CLNA) is a conjugated linolenic fatty acid found at 72% concentration in pomegranate seed oil. While research has elucidated the positive health benefits of punicic acid’s metabolite, c9t11-CLA, little is known about the physiological effects of punicic acid (PA). This senior honors research thesis aims to elucidate how punicic acid alters fat and energy metabolism in a mouse model. Male C57Bl6 mice were fed diets of 0% PA, 1% PA, or 2% PA for 4 or 16 weeks. We measured the extent to which punicic acid affected weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid composition in mice. Diets containing increased levels of punicic acid resulted in a dose-responsive accumulation of conjugated linolenic acid in skeletal muscle, liver, and epididymal adipose tissues. In an effort to determine if punicic acid altered genes responsive to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), I investigated how punicic acid alters the expression of genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism. Levels of mRNA of AP2 (FABP4), UCP1, and PPARγ were not significantly altered in epididymal fat by dietary treatments during the 16-week feeding study, while expression of UCP2 was significantly increased in mice fed the 2% PA diet. It remains to be determined if punicic acid serves as a weak ligand for PPARγ. Understanding the mechanism of punicic acid and its effects on energy metabolism may ultimately improve recommendations for those battling obesity or the numerous diseases associated with it. INTRODUCTION An epidemic of obesity is threatening to undermine the health of people living in industrialized societies. Excess accumulation of adipose tissue is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, abnormal blood lipid profiles, and hypertension. All of these conditions contribute to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the Western world (Lehrke & Lazar, 2005). Obvious choices for reducing obesity include decreasing food intake and increasing physical activity. Rational
Broadly Blocking Immune Responses Virus-Like-Particle-Based Vaccines Induce Chimeric GII . 4 Norovirus

There is currently no licensed vaccine for noroviruses, and development is hindered, in part, by an incomplete understanding of the host adaptive immune response to these highly heterogeneous viruses and rapid GII.4 norovirus molecular evolution. Emergence of a new predominant GII.4 norovirus strain occurs every 2 to 4 years. To address the problem of GII.4 antigenic variation, we tested the hypothesis that chimeric virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine platforms, which incorporate antigenic determinants from multiple strains into a single genetic background, will elicit a broader immune response against contemporary and emergent strains. Here, we compare the immune response generated by chimeric VLPs to that of parental strains and a multivalent VLP cocktail. Results demonstrate that chimeric VLPs induce a more broadly cross-blocking immune response than single parental VLPs and a similar response to a multivalent GII.4 VLP cocktail. Furthermore, we show that incorporating epitope site A alone from one strain into the background of another is sufficient to induce a blockade response against the strain donating epitope site A. This suggests a mechanism by which population-wide surveillance of mutations in a single epitope could be used to evaluate antigenic changes in order to identify potential emergent strains and quickly reformulate vaccines against future epidemic strains as they emerge in human populations.
Research questions 1 What are the variables that affect pain and quality of life in cancer patients ? 2 Is there a correlation between pain and quality of life in cancer patients ? Design

This study was designed to examine the relationship between patients’ pain severity and their self-reported quality of life, to evaluate factors that may affect pain and quality of life, and to assess patients’ opinions and practices on the use of analgesics.The study was conducted with 260 cancer patients. Data were collected using a Quality of Life Scale and Visual Analog Scale questionnaire. It was found that mean scores of pain, all subdomains of quality of life, and overall mean scores of patients were at a moderate level, the lowest score in the subdomains of quality of life was in the psychological subdomain and the highest was in the spiritual subdomain. It was also found that as severity of pain experienced by patients increased, their general activities, mood, activeness, sleep, and nutrition were negatively affected. As severity of pain experienced by patients increased, their quality of life worsened. Patients were observed to have insufficient knowledge and a poor understanding with respect to the use of analgesics. In conclusion, it is very important for nurses to assess factors that can complicate pain management and to establish an effective pain control.
MOLECULAR STUDIES ON LIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN CRP1 PÄIVI JÄRVINEN MOLECULAR CANCER BIOLOGY PROGRAM, BIOMEDICUM HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF VIROLOGY, HAARTMAN INSTITUTE AND GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI ACADEMIC DISSERTATION

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 4 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 7 ABBREVIATIONS . 8 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 10 CANCER REPRESENTS DEREGULATION OF NORMAL CELLULAR FUNCTIONS . 10 CELLULAR STRESS . 10 Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) . 11 UVR induced DNA damage . 11 UVR induced damage in the cell . 13 Cellular responses to UVinduced damage . 13 STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN . 15 UV-RELATED SKIN DISEASES . 16 Actinic keratosis . 16 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma . 17 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR  (TGF) . 17 TGF signaling pathway . 18 Non-Smad pathways . 20 TGF in cancer progression . 20 TGF in epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation . 21 Myofibroblasts in pathological conditions (in fibrotic diseases and in tumor progression) . 22 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) . 23 LIMDOMAIN PROTEINS . 24 LIM domain proteins in actin cytoskeleton . 26 LIM domain proteins in growth and tumorigenesis . 27 LIM domain proteins in cellular stress and fate decisions . 28 LIM domain proteins in TGF-signaling pathway . 31 THE FAMILY OF CYSTEINE RICH PROTEINS . 31 Csrp1/ CRP1 . 32 Regulation of CRP1 expression . 32 Function of CRP1 . 33 Csrp2/ CRP2 . 34 Csrp3/ CRP3/ MLP . 34
The offsets between galaxies and their dark matter in Λ cold dark matter.

We use the ‘Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments’ (EAGLE) suite of hydrodynamical cosmological simulations to measure offsets between the centres of stellar and dark matter components of galaxies. We find that the vast majority (>95 per cent) of the simulated galaxies display an offset smaller than the gravitational softening length of the simulations (Plummer-equivalent ϵ = 700 pc), both for field galaxies and satellites in clusters and groups. We also find no systematic trailing or leading of the dark matter along a galaxy's direction of motion. The offsets are consistent with being randomly drawn from a Maxwellian distribution with σ ≤ 196 pc. Since astrophysical effects produce no feasible analogues for the 1.62+0.47−0.49 kpc offset recently observed in Abell 3827, the observational result is in tension with the collisionless cold dark matter model assumed in our simulations.
The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii

Aims. We present the atmospheric structure and the fundamental properties of the red supergiants (RSGs) AH Sco, UY Sct, and KW Sgr based on VLTI/AMBER observations. Methods. We carried out spectro-interferometric observations of AH Sco, UY Sct, and KW Sgr in the near-infrared K band (1.92–2.47 μm) with the VLTI/AMBER instrument with spatial and spectral resolutions of 3 milliarcsec and 1500, respectively, and compared the data to a new grid of hydrostatic PHOENIX model atmospheres. Results. In our visibility data, we observe molecular layers of water and CO in extended atmospheres. For a uniform disk modeling, we observe size increases at the water band centered at 1.9 μm of 10% to 25% and at the CO bandheads at 2.3–2.5 μm of 20%–35% with respect to the near-continuum bandpass at around 2.20 μm. Our near-infrared spectra of AH Sco, UY Sct, and KW Sgr are well reproduced by the PHOENIX model atmospheres. The continuum visibility values are consistent with a limb-darkened disk as predicted by the PHOENIX models. However, the model visibilities do not predict the large observed extensions of the molecular layers. Comparing the continuum visibility values to PHOENIX models, we estimate the Rosseland-mean photospheric angular diameters of AH Sco, UY Sct, and KW Sgr to be 5.81 ± 0.15 mas, 5.48 ± 0.10 mas, and 3.91 ± 0.25 mas, respectively. Together with the distance
Detection of NADH and Ethanol at Titanium Containing MCM-41 with Low Overpotential

Titanium-containing MCM-41 (Ti-MCM-41) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of b-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). A dramatic decrease in the overvoltage of NADH oxidation reaction is observed at 0.28 V vs. SCE. The application in the amperometric biosensing of ethanol using alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) also has been demonstrated with this material. The proposed sensor shows a highly sensitivity, an acceptable reproducibility and a good stability. The linear range of ethanol is 25 – 1000 mM and the detection limit is 8.0 mM. Ti-MCM-41 modified electrode not only can be used to detect the concentration of NADH in biochemical reaction, but also as the potential matrix for the construction of dehydrogenases sensor.
Nutritional Science and Practical Challenges of Feeding DDGS

Introduction Inclusion of distillers grains in dairy diets has been intensely studied for many years. For example, in the classic text entitled Feeds and Feeding (1898), W.A. Henry describes a Finish study published in 1893 which reported that compared to cows consuming oats, those consuming corn-whiskey distillers grains produced 12% more milk and 9% more milk fat. A later version of this text (1911) estimated an annual production of merely 60,000 metric tons. Th is is in stark contrast to today where it is estimated the U.S. alone produces 13 million metric tons of distillers grains from corn-ethanol production. Th is illustrates that dairy catt le can eff ectively utilize feed byproducts and that this fact is not new. However, type and chemical composition of products available continue to change and the supply continues to grow, whereby presenting new challenges to the dairy producer and feed industry. With the recent expansion of the ethanol production industry the feed industry has seen increase use of distillers grains. Th e primary product of the dry milling production process is ethanol; however, approximately one-third of the total dry matt er is recovered in the form of co-products, primarily wet or dry distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS and DDGS).