Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-state outbreak of Salmonella serotype Thompson infection from commercially distributed bread contaminated by an ill food handler

Foodborne transmission is estimated to account for 95% of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections reported in the United States; however, outbreaks of salmonellosis are rarely traced to food handlers. In August 2000, an increase in Salmonella serotype Thompson infection was noted in Southern California; most of the cases reported eating at a restaurant chain (Chain A) before illness onset. A case-control study implicated the consumption of burgers at Chain A restaurants. The earliest onset of illness was in a burger bun packer at Bakery B who had not eaten at Chain A but had worked while ill. Bakery B supplied burger buns to some Chain A restaurants in Southern California and Arizona. This outbreak is notable for implicating a food handler as the source of food contamination and for involving bread, a very unusual outbreak vehicle for Salmonella. Inadequate food-handler training as well as delayed reporting to the health department contributed to this outbreak.
The crisis of Argentine capitalism

At the end of World War II, Argentina was the most industrialized nation in Latin America, with a highly urbanized, literate, and pluralistic society. But over the past four decades, the country has suffered political and economic crises of increasing intensity that have stalled industrial growth, sharpened class conflict, and led to long periods of military rule. In this book, Paul Lewis attempts to explain how that happened. Lewis begins by describing the early development of Argentine industry, from just before the turn of the century to the eve of Juan Peron's rise to power after World War II. He discusses the emergence of the new industrialists and urban workers and delineates the relationships between those classes and the traditional agrarian elites who controlled the state. Under Peron, the country shifted from an essentially liberal strategy of development to a more corporatist approach. Whereas most writers view Peron as a pragmatist, if not opportunist, Lewis treats him as an ideologue whose views remained consistent throughout his career, and he holds Peron, along with his military colleagues, chiefly responsible for ending the evolution of Argentina's economy toward dynamic capitalism. Lewis describes the political stalemate between Peronists and anti-Peronists from 1955 to 1987 and shows how the failure of post-Peron governments to incorporate the trade union movement into the political and economic mainstream resulted in political polarization, economic stagnation, and a growing level of violence. He then recounts Peron's triumphal return to power and the subsequent inability of his government to restore order and economic vigor through a return to corporatist measures. Finally, Lewis examines the equally disappointing failures of the succeeding military regime under General Videla and the restoration of democracy under President Raul Alfonsin to revive the free market. By focusing on the organization, development, and political activities of pressure groups rather than on parties or governmental institutions, Lewis gets to the root causes of Argentina's instability and decline--what he calls "the politics of political stagnation. " At the same time, he provides important information about Argentina's entrepreneurial classes and their relation to labor, government, the military, and foreign capital. The book is unique in the wealth of its detail and the depth of its analysis.
Spreading the Net: The Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency Improvements

Improving energy efficiency has long been advocated as a way to increase the productivity and sustainability of society, primarily through the delivery of energy savings. The impact of energy efficiency measures can go far beyond energy savings, and energy efficiency improvements can be an important contributor to economic growth and social development.Benefits attributed to the implementation of energy efficiency measures range from localised benefits, such as energy affordability, improved health, wellbeing and social development, to sectoral benefits, such as industrial productivity, improved asset values and reduced environmental damage. Macroeconomic outcomes such as national competitiveness, jobs, consumer surplus and energy security, as well as poverty alleviation and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in both developed and developing countries, are further associated with energy efficiency measures. Significant evidence is emerging on the extent to which these outcomes stem from energy efficiency policies. At the same time, evaluation experts are beginning to explore ways to quantify them so that they can be more readily assessed alongside energy savings. Expanding evaluation to such matters could offer a new perspective on energy efficiency measures and, by improving the cost/benefit assessment of energy efficiency programs, could help decision-makers reconcile perceived trade-offs between supporting economic growth and reducing energy use.This paper makes a preliminary assessment of the scope of the most significant of the multiple benefits and discusses the potentially large implications for energy efficiency policy as part of a wider socioeconomic strategy.
Disagreement and Return Predictability of Stock Portfolios

This paper provides evidence that portfolio disagreement measured bottom-up from individual-stock analyst forecast dispersions has a number of asset pricing implications. For the market portfolio, market disagreement mean-reverts and is negatively related to ex post expected market return. Contemporaneously, an increase in market disagreement manifests as a drop in discount rate. For book-to-market sorted portfolios, the value premium is stronger among high disagreement stocks. The underperformance by high disagreement stocks is stronger among growth stocks. Growth stocks are more sensitive to variations in disagreement relative to value stocks. These findings are consistent with asset pricing theory incorporating belief dispersion.
Creating learning spaces for refugees: the role of multicultural organisations in Australia

Through the experiences of refugees from Bosnia, Iraq and Sudan, this research sought to explore the role multicultural community organisations play in creating important informal networks and learning spaces that connect people from refugee backgrounds to the wider Australian community. In particular, the research sought to identify how such organisations assist refugees in their learning of English language and work skills.
Personality, Physique and the Adrenocortical Response to a Psychological Stress

There have been a number of studies attempting to quantify anxiety under stress, using biochemical measures such as plasma Cortisol concentration and urinary catecholamine excretion as concomitants of the emotional response. A limitation of some of this work has been the lack of predictable and adequate stresses studied, which have included disturbing interviews (Bliss et al., 1956), admission to hospital and anticipation of operation (Mason, 1959), stressful films (Levi, 1965) and hypnotically induced anxiety (Persky et at., 1959).
Explaining crime in Buenos Aires: the roles of inequality, unemployment, and structural change

Theoretical and empirical ambiguities suggest that it may be wrong to claim that unemployment increases crime, always and everywhere. Multiple regression results for Greater Buenos Aires during 1985–1997 show that inequality helps to explain crime, but unemployment does not. Moreover, unemployment fails to explain inequality. The discussion also raises some governability issues.
Informative Precedent and Intrajudicial Communication

We develop an informational model of judicial decision-making in which deference to precedent is useful to policy-oriented appellate judges because it improves the accuracy with which they can communicate legal rules to trial judges. Our simple model yields new implications and hypotheses regarding conditions under which judges will maintain or break with precedent, the constraining effect that precedent has on judicial decision-making, the voting behavior of Supreme Court Justices, the relationship between a precedent's age and its authority, the effect of legal complexity on the level of deference to precedent, the relative stability of rules and standards, and long-term patterns of legal evolution. Perhaps most importantly, we demonstrate that “legalist” features of judicial decision-making are consistent with an assumption of policy-oriented judges.
How Sensitive Are Us Hurricane Damages To Climate? Comment On A Paper By W. D. Nordhaus

An article by William D. Nordhaus (2010) in this journal examined the economic impacts by hurricanes in the USA, and the potential impacts of climate change on future hurricane damages. His analyses show that hurricane damages normalized over time for changes in GDP have increased significantly since the year 1900, at a rate of about 3.1% per year. Moreover, the results of Nordhaus show that hurricane damages increase with the ninth power of maximum wind speed, which is considerably higher than findings of other studies. We perform similar statistical analyses with different data series of hurricane damage, which are more accurately corrected for changes in exposure of assets over time. Our results do not indicate an upward trend in hurricane losses since 1900, which is in line with earlier studies, and indicates that climate change has not increased hurricane damage in the past. Moreover, although the relation between damage and maximum wind speed appears to be considerably higher than assumed by other studies, this elasticity is more likely to be the eighth-power of maximum wind speed. This finding is relevant since it implies that future climate change impacts on hurricane damage may be considerably lower than Nordhaus indicates.
Information technology and logistics quality: a basis for companies' segmentation

The use of information technology (IT) is substantially modifying business areas in companies, and logistics is no exception. Moreover, the incorporation of concepts like 'Quality' has been truly revolutionary. This paper focuses on the study of these variables and aims to investigate their ability to group companies. To attain this goal we have carried out an empirical research in the Spanish market. The study carried out shows that companies can be grouped according to the level of introduction and use of IT and their perceptions on the level of service quality provided by the supplier.
Assessing the Effect of the Transition to IFRS on Equity: The Case of the FTSE 100

ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an analysis of the reconciliations of equity presented as part of the transition from UK Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (UK GAAP) to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the largest UK companies. While the overall effect on equity is not significant, the effect of the change in convention on individual line items could have important consequences for financial analysis and contractual obligations. The level of variability between companies means that this change will demand attention to detail by users of financial statements. The paper provides a benchmark for comparison with companies from other accounting traditions making the transition to IFRS.
E-Government Literature Review

ABSTRACT There is little to no doubt expressed in the literature that the Internet is registering significant change in government. Some see it as revolutionary. Others see it as incremental. All see it as significant. This thread of consensus surrounding the significance of the Internet in contemporary governance emerges in the following review of e-govern-ment literature. The review presents a synthesis of findings from a literature that is little more than a decade old, revealing an ongoing development of thinking in the area. A clear pattern of steady maturation is identified in moving from a discussion of early prescriptive reports, through an assessment of descriptive studies and arriving at an emerging set of causal projects. Each phase of the literature development (prescriptive, descriptive, and causal) is discussed in light of the major contributions made by the literature as well as the deficits that leave us with unanswered questions or worse yet, possible misinformation. The literature review concludes with a summary of assets delivered by the literature to date and a set of suggestions for moving the dialogue forward.
Transformation by v-H-ras does not restore proliferation of a set of temperature-sensitive cell-cycle mutants of rat 3Y1 fibroblasts.

Three temperature-sensitive cell-cycle mutants of rat 3Y1 fibroblasts (3Y1tsD123, 3Y1tsG125, and 3Y1tsH203, each belonging to distinct complementation groups) were transformed with plasmid DNA carrying Harvey murine sarcoma virus cDNA. The criteria for transformation were increase in saturation cell density, capability to clone in soft agar, and alteration in the cellular morphology. At 39.8 degrees C (restrictive temperature of the parental cell lines), all the transformed sublines of each mutant ceased to proliferate and were arrested reversibly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle like the parental lines. At both 39.8 degrees C and 33.8 degrees C (permissive temperature for the parental lines), all the untransformed parental lines synthesized p21ras at low rate. At 33.8 degrees C, all the transformed sublines synthesized p21ras at much higher rate and expressed the morphological phenotype characteristic to v-H-ras-induced transformation. At 39.8 degrees C, the rate of p21ras synthesis was not changed in the transformed sublines of 3Y1tsD123 and 3Y1tsG125, and the morphology of transformed phenotype also remained intact. In the transformed subline of 3Y1tsH203, the rate of p21ras synthesis was lowered at 39.8 degrees C to that seen in the untransformed parental line, and the transformed phenotype in morphology disappeared. In all of the transformed sublines, the amount of v-H-ras mRNA markedly expressed at both 33.8 degrees C and 39.8 degrees C. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Role of government in trade and investment boom: lessons from East Asia

This paper extends the empirical analysis on Rodrik’s (1995a) domestic investment‐led export growth model for East Asia to nine East Asian countries for a longer time period, 1960 through 2004, and tests whether openness Granger‐caused investment or vice versa. Our results suggest that there can be no single conclusion about the role of investment in East Asia. Causality has also changed for some countries in different time periods. We question the exogeneity of the investment boom in East Asia, a key assumption made by Rodrik. Government’s incentives encouraged investment in export industries through different channels.
Investors' Heterogeneity, Prices, and Volume around the Ex-Dividend Day

Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between tax heterogeneity and the behavior of stock prices and trading volume around the ex-dividend day within an equilibrium framework. We conclude that, even in a world without transaction costs, the price drop on the ex-day need not be equal to the dividend amount. Our model accounts for the higher market trading volume around the ex-day, and shows this to be a function of tax heterogeneity among traders. We show that the volume of trade around the ex-day contains information about investors' tax preferences above and beyond the information contained in the ex-day price alone. Consistent with the model's predictions, our empirical analysis reveals that as the risk associated with the ex-dividend day increases, or tax heterogeneity decreases, trading volume decreases.
Can the State Create Cooperation?: Problems of Reforming the Labor Supply in France

Governments in the advanced industrial countries increasingly rely on supply-side reforms to intervene in the economy. This article examines one such reform, that of vocational education and training in France, whose successful implementation required that private actors cooperate not with the state, but with each other. As demonstrated through an empirical analysis of two employment zones, theories of institutional design that underscore the necessity of sanctioning cannot explain the successful emergence of cooperation, because new sanctioning regimes lack credibility under the uncertain conditions of economic reform. The primary obstacle to successful implementation of these reforms is uncertainty about the consequences of reciprocal cooperation, and the article highlights the mutual roles of states and employers' associations in overcoming this uncertainty. Active collaboration between policymakers and employers' associations, which have uniquely good access to private information about firms, is necessary to enable state policies to target those firms which are the most likely potential cooperators.
Influences of HR Practices, Social Exchange, and Trust on Turnover Intentions of Public IT Professionals

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of high-involvement human resource (HR) practices, perceived organizational support (POS), leader-member exchange (LMX), and organizational trust in lessening turnover intentions of information technology (IT) professionals working in Turkish public organizations. A total of 197 IT professionals participated in the study. The results indicate that POS fully mediates the relationships from (a) participation in decision making, (b) information sharing, and (c) fair rewards to turnover intentions; and partially mediates the relationship between recognition and turnover intentions. Moreover, it is also found that LMX fully mediates the association between information sharing and turnover intentions; and partially mediates the relationship between recognition and turnover intentions. In addition, it is yielded that trust in organization moderates the relationship between POS and turnover intentions, whereas trust in supervisor moderates the relationship between LMX and turnover intentions.
Effects of Training on Female Trapezius Myalgia: An Intervention Study With a 3-Year Follow-up Period

Study Design. A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted. Objective. To evaluate the long-term effects of three training interventions on women with work-related trapezius myalgia. Summary of Background Data. Studies with long-term follow-up evaluation of interventions for neck pain are scarce and usually cover fewer than 12 months. Methods. For this study, 126 women with work-related trapezius myalgia were randomized into strength, muscular endurance, or coordination training or into a nontraining reference group. Intervention training occurred three times a week for 10 weeks. Assessment of pain intensity, pressure pain thresholds, symptom frequency, perceived health, and work and exercise habits was performed before and immediately after interventions, then at clinical examinations 8 months and 17 months after the interventions. Participation rates at these follow-up assessments were 84% and 81%. At 3 years after the interventions, a questionnaire was answered by 94% of the participants, 17 of whom were dropouts that never participated in any of the four intervention groups. Results. All the training programs showed similar pain reducing effects immediately after the interventions. Pain reductions were maintained at follow-up evaluations, but at the 8-month follow-up assessment, there were no differences between the training groups and the reference group on any variable. At 3 years after the interventions, the intervention groups did not differ from the dropout group. Almost half (49%) of the women had persistent symptoms at the 3-year follow-up assessment. Conclusions. The long-term effect of all the training programs was low. Pain in neck and shoulder muscles was persistent in a large proportion of the women over the 3 years.
The effect of human resource management control systems on the relationship between knowledge management strategy and firm performance

Purpose - The aim of this study is to examine whether the relationship between knowledge management (KM) strategy and firm performance is contingent on human resource management (HRM) control systems. Design/methodology/approach - Surveys were collected in computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing industries in Taiwan. A total of 111 presidents returned usable questionnaires. Findings - When firms emphasize personalization strategy, the use of behavior control will enhance firm performance. In contrast, when firms emphasize codification strategy, the use of output control will make firm performance better. If personalization and codification strategy were emphasized simultaneously, firms would not use single HRM control system to better performance. Research limitations/implications - First, the use of a self-rating performance measure may constitute a limitation of the study. Second, this study is confined to a limited scope of control system. Third, perhaps the most obvious limitation is inherent to the selected research methodology that the one-time data resemble a snapshot. Finally, it is not known how the selection of industries and geographical areas affect this study's findings. Practical implications - Results from this study suggest that managers can leverage their best performance by matching the HRM control system to a particular KM strategy. Originality/value - This study contributes to the knowledge about the importance of HRM control for KM methods. The firm's HRM control systems can be expected to contribute significantly to KM-performance. Understanding how an organization can use its control systems to support KM will help firms sustain their competitive advantage.
Experimental Study of In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Adhesions in Microelectromechanical Systems

Two different but similar microdevices were used for studying in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) adhesions in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). With these devices, the combined influence of temperature, surface chemistry, contact geometry, and applied load on the adhesion force was investigated. The adhesion force is the maximum force required to separate two contacting surfaces. Distinguished between IP and OP contacts, the adhesion mechanisms for hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces were identified. The microdevices, fabricated within the same wafer, may exhibit different IP and OP adhesion mechanisms, dependent upon the wafer surface chemistry. For the hydrophilic surface and IP contact, the dominant adhesion mechanism is hydrogen bonding, while for OP contact, the electrostatic force is dominant. The dominant adhesion mechanism for the hydrophobic surface is the Van-der-Waals force for both IP and OP contacts. Furthermore, the influence of elastic-plastic deformation of interacting asperities on the adhesion force is addressed by experiments at different loads. At constant applied load in a cycling contact-release test, a decreasing and asymptotic behavior of the adhesion force is observed, suggesting strain hardening and reverse plastic deformation of the contacting asperities.