Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deposit money bank credit to small andmedium enterprises, socio-economic performance and economic growth in Nigeria

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have popularly been argued to contribute positively to economic growth of countries of the world through their positive effect on socio-economic development of the countries. However SME access to credit remains essential for SMEs continued positive contribution. In the case of Nigeria, unemployment and poverty are two major socio-economic performance indicators in which she has performed poorly over the years, despite efforts by the Nigeria government to boost credit availability to SMEs. In that light, this study explores, the relationship between SME credit and each of Unemployment and poverty respectively, using Pearson’s correlation, and further examines the impact of Deposit money bank credit to SMEs on economic growth in Nigeria using Ordinary least squares regression. Data employed for this study was annual data from 1992 to 2015 obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The Pearson’s correlation revealed a negative but insignificant relationship between SME credit and Unemployment, and a negative and highly statistically significant relationship between SME credit and poverty. The results of Ordinary Least Squares regression revealed that SME credit has a negative and highly statistically significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the results of the study it is recommended that the Nigeria government should support SMEs with necessary training in risk management so as to increase SME capability to effectively manage the risk of their operations, the Nigeria government should increase provision of infrastructural facilities in order to reduce the operating costs of SMEs, and Nigeria deposit money banks should be equipped with necessary technology to effectively assess the creditworthiness of SMEs in applying for loans, amongst other recommendations.
Characterization of the antioxidant composition of strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo L . ) fruits

The fruits of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) are consumed mainly as processed product, but may be a good source of antioxidants if consumed as fresh fruit. The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify the antioxidant components present in strawberry tree fruits, including flavonoids, vitamins C and E and carotenoids. The fruits are a very good source of antioxidants precisely because they have a high flavonoid content (32.37 mg/100 g edible portion) and, within this group of antioxidant compounds, proanthocyanidins are the most abundant, representing more than 80% of the total flavonoid contents. Anthocyanins are also present as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with cyanidin-3-galactoside the most abundant. Other antioxidants present in this fruit were ellagic acid and its diglucoside derivative. Vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids were also identified and quantified.
Growth phase dependent hydrogen isotopic fractionation in alkenone-producing haptophytes

Abstract. Recent works have investigated use of the hydrogen isotopic composition of C37 alkenones (δDK37s, lipid biomarkers of certain haptophyte microalgae, as an independent paleosalinity proxy. We discuss herein the factors impeding the success of such an application and identify the potential alternative use of δDK37s measurements as a proxy for non-thermal, physiological stress impacts on the U37K' paleotemperature index. Batch-culture experiments with the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP 1742) were conducted to determine the magnitude and variability of the isotopic contrasts between individual C37 alkenones. Further experiments were conducted with Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP 1742) andGephyrocapsa oceanica (PZ3-1) to determine whether, and to what extent, δDK37s varies between the physiological extremes of nutrient-replete exponential growth and nutrient-depleted senescence. Emiliania huxleyi was observed to exhibit an isotopic contrast between di- and tri-unsaturated C37 alkenones (αK37:3-K37:2≈0.97) that is nearly identical to that reported recently by others for environmental samples. Furthermore, this contrast appears to be constant with growth stage. The consistency of the offset across different growth stages suggests that a single, well-defined value for αK37:3-K37:2 may exist and that its use in an isotope mass-balance will allow accurate determination of δD values for individual alkenones without having to rely on time- and labor-intensive chemical separations. The isotopic fractionation between growth medium and C37 alkenones was observed to increase dramatically upon the onset of nutrient-depletion-induced senescence, suggesting that δDK37s may serve as an objective tool for recognizing and potentially correcting, at least semi-quantitatively, for the effects of nutrient stress on U37K' temperature records.
Coordination cost and the distance puzzle

The distance puzzle has been wildly discussed in the literature since Leamer and Levinsohn (1995) shed the light on it. This puzzle simply says that "the world is not getting smaller": distance still matters to account for trade. This is reflected in a decreasing distance of trade (DOT), or in a stable or increasing (negative) elasticity of trade with respect to distance (Disdier and head, 2008). Several explanations of this puzzle have been emphasized in the empirical International Economics literature. Duranton and Storper (2008) contribute to this issue in offering a full theoretical framework to account for this puzzle. They explain that an improvement in transport technology can increase the transport costs, because it creates an incentive to trade higher quality goods. Our paper proposes a new theoretical explanation of this puzzle. This explanation shares with Duranton and Storper's two important characteristics: i) there is a non monotonic relationship between transport cost and trade cost. ii) this phenomenon is due to contract incompleteness. However, the mechanism that we underline is quite different: in our model, based on a Dixit-Stiglitz increasing return to scale technology, a fall in transport cost increases the international division of labour. It follows that input-output linkages require a higher level of coordination. Such a coordination is easier between neighbors than between very distant countries. As a result, trade increases with all partners, but more quickly for neighbors than for distant countries.
An elasto-plastic approach to estimate lifetime of notched components under variable amplitude fatigue loading: a preliminary investigation

The present paper is concerned with the formulation of an elasto-plastic strain based approach suitable for assessing fatigue strength of notched components subjected to in-service variable amplitude cyclic loading. The hypothesis is formed that the crack initiation plane is closely aligned with the plane of maximum shear strain amplitude, its orientation and the associated stress/strain quantities being determined using the Maximum Variance Method. Fatigue damage is estimated by applying the Modified Manson-Coffin Curve Method (MMCCM) along with the Point Method (PM). In the proposed approach, the required critical distance is treated as a material property whose value is not affected either by the sharpness of the notch being assessed or by the profile of the load spectrum being applied. The detrimental effect of non-zero mean stresses and degree of multiaxiality of the local stress/strain histories is also considered. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed design methodology was checked against several experimental data taken from the literature and generated under different uniaxial variable amplitude load histories. In order to determine the required local stress/strain states, refined elasto-plastic finite element models were solved using commercial software ANSYS®. This preliminary validation exercise allowed us to prove that the proposed approach is capable of estimates laying within an error factor of about 2. These preliminary results are certainly promising, strongly supporting the idea that the proposed design strategy can successfully be used to assess the fatigue lifetime of notched metallic components subjected to in-service multiaxial variable amplitude loading sequences.
Tests for high dimensional generalized linear models

We consider testing regression coefficients in high dimensional generalized linear models. By modifying the test statistic of Goeman and his colleagues for large but fixed dimensional settings, we propose a new test, based on an asymptotic analysis, that is applicable for diverging dimensions and is robust to accommodate a wide range of link functions. The power properties of the tests are evaluated asymptotically under two families of alternative hypotheses. In addition, a test in the presence of nuisance parameters is also proposed. The tests can provide p‐values for testing significance of multiple gene sets, whose application is demonstrated in a case‐study on lung cancer.
The impact of Asian financial crisis on bank performance: empirical evidence from Thailand and Malaysia

By using bank level data this paper examines how bank specific characteristics and the macroeconomic environment affects the profitability of the Thailand and Malaysian banking sectors over the period 1992-2003. All the variables are significant although their impact is not always the same for Thailand and Malaysian banks. We find that liquidity is negatively related to Thailand banks’ profitability, but not in Malaysia, while network embeddedness has negative relationship with Malaysian banks, but not Thailand banks. As for the impact of macroeconomic indicators, we find that economic growth is positively related to Thailand banks’ profitability only during the pre-crisis period. The impact of inflation is positive on Thailand banks’ profitability during the crisis and post-crisis periods, while inflation is negatively related to Malaysian banks’ profitability during the crisis period. We find that the Thailand banking sector has been relatively more profitable during the pre-crisis period, while the opposite is true for the Malaysian banking sector.
Extent and fragmentation of suitable leopard habitat in South Africa

Large mammalian carnivores are threatened by anthropogenic environmental impacts, particularly through habitat loss which often cause population declines. Understanding the extent of suitable habitat is therefore of great importance for carnivore conservation. The leopard (Panthera pardus) is a widespread and relatively common large carnivore, but the species is declining in large parts of its range. Using maximum entropy‐based habitat models, we estimated the extent of suitable leopard habitat in South Africa, what variables that are associated with suitable leopard habitats, the extent of habitat that has been negatively impacted by human activity and the effectiveness of protected areas to capture suitable habitat. Suitable leopard habitat was highly fragmented. Although vegetation and physical variables were the most influential variables for habitat suitability, livestock farming primarily seem to underlie fragmentation. We suggest that the sustainability of the South African leopard population depends on maintaining dispersal routes between areas with suitable habitat. This will require mitigation of human–carnivore conflict in habitat corridors, particularly mitigation strategies targeting conflict between carnivores and livestock farmers. Because most suitable habitat occurred outside of protected areas, we also recommend that leopard conservation efforts should focus on areas that are not legally protected.
Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Edible Salt

Background: Edible salt is the most commonly used food additive worldwide. Therefore, any contamination of table salt could be a health hazard. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals in table and bakery refined salts. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one table refined salt samples and the same number of bakery refined salt samples were purchased from retail market in the province of Hamadan, Iran. The levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Results: The levels (mean ± SD, μg/g) of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe in table refined salt samples were 0.852 ± 0.277, 0.229 ± 0.012, 0.054 ± 0.040, 1.25 ± 0.245 and 0.689 ± 1.58, respectively. The results for the same metals in bakery refined salt samples were as follows (mean ± SD, μg/g): 22 ± 0.320 for Pb, 0.240 ± 0.018 for Cd, 0.058 ± 0.007 for Hg, 1.89 ± 0.218 for Cu, and 8.75 ± 2.10 for Fe. Heavy metal concentrations were generally higher in bakery refined salt. Conclusions: The results obtained in the present study were compared with the literature and legal limits. All values for these metals in the table and bakery refined salts were lower than the permitted consumption level defined by Codex (2 µg/g of Pb, 0.5 µg/g of Cd, 0.1 µg/g of Hg, and 2 µg/g of Cu).
Assessment of Mothers Knowledge Regarding the Developmental Milestone among Children Under Two Years in Iraq

Assessing a child's growth through the observation of his/her developmental milestone requires a team effort, in which family plays an important role. To assess the knowledge of the Iraqi mothers regarding their children’s developmental milestones of their children and to find out if there was any association between this knowledge and certain demographic variables. A cross sectional study, that extended for one year period with sample size of 400 mothers attending six primary health care centers in Baghadad for maternal and child health care. Data were obtained by using a questionnaire derived from the (developmental checklists birth to five 2012), it was composed of four domains of knowledge (motor, cognitive, language and social) in addition to the demographic information of the participated mothers. The data were then analyzed by SPSS version 22; Pearson`s chi square test was used to used to detect the significance of association between categorical data accordingly and the mother’s knowledge in each domain and every socio-demographic variable (p value ≤0.05 was regarded significant). Regarding the age of the mothers, the majority were between 20-29 years old (40.5%), 70% of them were employed and the illiterate mothers constituted (30.25%) of the study sample. Most of the mothers (71.5%) stated that their experience was their main source of information. There was a significant association was observed between the mothers age and all four domains of knowledge, other variables (education level, source of information, employment, Number of children, Residence of family) showed different levels of association and most of the mothers had a limited knowledge regarding the cognitive domain.
Warming, eutrophication, and predator loss amplify subsidies between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

The exchange of organisms and energy among ecosystems has major impacts on food web structure and dynamics, yet little is known about how climate warming combines with other pervasive anthropogenic perturbations to affect such exchanges. We used an outdoor freshwater mesocosm experiment to investigate the interactive effects of warming, eutrophication, and changes in top predators on the flux of biomass between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We demonstrated that predatory fish decoupled aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by reducing the emergence of aquatic organisms and suppressing the decomposition of terrestrial plant detritus. In contrast, warming and nutrients enhanced cross‐ecosystem exchanges by increasing emergence and decomposition, and these effects were strongest in the absence of predators. Furthermore, we found that warming advanced while predators delayed the phenology of insect emergence. Our results demonstrate that anthropogenic perturbations may extend well beyond ecosystem boundaries by influencing cross‐ecosystem subsidies. We find that these changes are sufficient to substantially impact recipient communities and potentially alter the carbon balance between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere.
Performance of grafted brinjal (Solanum melongena L) under different spacing and fertigation levels

The brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) variety COBH 2 was grafted on Solanum torvum and the grafts were planted in the field to standardize spacing and fertigation levels. A strip plot design was adopted with four levels of spacing (1 m x 1 m, 2 m x 1 m, 1.5 m x 1.5 m and 0.6 m x 0.6 m) and three levels of fertigation (75, 100 and 125 % RDF) replicated four times. After six months the plants were pruned to obtain ratoon crop which was maintained for four 4 months. The days taken for 50 per cent flowering and first harvest were nutrition and neither spacing nor interaction. The 75 and 100 per cent RDF were on par for early flowering (32.00 and 32.38 days in main crop; 16.88 and 17.00 days in ratoon crop); and early harvest (44.38 and 45.44 days in main crop; 34.38 and 35.56 days in ratoon crop) (Figure 1). The widest spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m) recorded the highest fruit weight (67.44 and 63.71 g) and number of 269.44 and 136.71 fruits plant-1 in main and ratoon crops respectively. However, the closest spacing (1 m x 1 m) recorded the highest marketable yield of 98.47 and 57.91 t ha-1 in main and ratoon crop respectively. The highest fruit weight (69.79 and 65.96 g) was recorded under highest nutrition level (125 % RDF) in both main and ratoon crops. However, the maximum number of marketable fruits plant-1 (191.43 and 98.79 fruits plant-1) and marketable yield ha-1 (87.24 and 44.79 t ha-1) were observed under 100 per cent RDF. The treatment combination 1 m x 1 m + 100 per cent RDF recorded the highest marketable yield of 110.25 and 59.42 t ha-1 in main and ratoon crops respectively.
A chemical sequence of macromolecular organic matter in the CM chondrites

Abstract— A new organic parameter is proposed to show a chemical sequence of organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites, using carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen concentrations of solvent‐insoluble and high‐molecular weight organic matter (macromolecules) and the molecular abundance of solvent‐extractable organic compounds. The H/C atomic ratio of the macromolecule purified from nine CM chondrites including the Murchison, Sayama, and seven Antarctic meteorites varies widely from 0.11 to 0.72. During the H/C change of ˜0.7 to ˜0.3, the N/C atomic ratio remains at ˜0.04, followed by a sharp decline from ˜0.040 to ˜0.017 between H/C ratios from ˜0.3 to ˜0.1. The H/CN/C sequence shows different degrees of organic matter thermal alteration among these chondrites in which the smaller H/C‐N/C value implies higher alteration levels on the meteorite parent body. In addition, solvent‐extractable organic compounds such as amino acids, carboxylic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are abundant only in chondrites with macromolecular H/C values >˜0.5. These organic compounds were extremely depleted in the chondrites with a macromolecular H/C value of <˜0.5. Possibly, most solvent‐extractable organic compounds could have been lost during the thermal alteration event that caused the H/C ratio of the macromolecule to fall below 0.4.
International Influences on Irish Stock Returns

We examine the influence of US and UK macroeconomic and financial variables on Irish stock returns in a nonlinear framework. We allow for time variation via regime switching using a smooth transition regression (STR) model. Importantly we find that both US and UK stock returns are significant determinants of Irish returns. Further, US returns are an important transition variable. Additionally, we show that both the US industrial production growth and changes in short term interest rates play an important role in explaining Irish stock returns. A two transition variable model finds that US short term interest rate changes exert a secondary nonlinear influence on Irish returns. The significance of US variables is reflective of the influence of US investment in the Irish economy.
Strategies for Survival in Fast-Changing Industries

Technology strategy variables tend to predominate as predictors of survival in the fast-changing rigid disk drive industry. Building on these previous studies, we here test the hypothesis that the technological and market strategies of a new entrant are highly interrelated and that their joint effect plays an important role in a firmÂ¹s probability of survival. In particular,we propose that firms that target new market segments with an architectural innovation willtend to be more successful than those that target existing markets or innovate in component technology, even after controlling for all the competing predictors of survival. This paper advances the existing literature on innovation by tracing the main technical elements of a dominant design in the rigid disk drive industry over time, and provides a much more rigorous definition of the concept of a dominant design than we have had in the past. We find the notion of first-mover advantage is not applicable in the rigid disk drive industry. Instead, we propose the idea of an entry-window tightly linked to the emergence of the dominant product design as defined.
Dermatologic alterations in children with Aids and their relation to clinical-immunological categories and viral load *

1 Mestre em Pediatria. Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica do Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná. / Master's Degree in Pediatry. Pediatric Dermatology Service, Department of Pediatry, Federal University of Parana. 2 Professor Adjunto. Chefe do Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica do Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná. / Adjunct Professor. Head of the Pediatric Dermatology Service, Department of Pediatry, Federal University of Parana. 3 Mestre em Pediatria, Professor Assistente. Disciplina de Infectologia Pediátrica do Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal do Paraná. / Master's Degree in Pediatry. Assistant Professor of Pediatric Infectology, Department of Pediatry, Federal University of Parana. 4 Mestre em Pediatria Professor Substituto, Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica do Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná. / Master's Degree in Pediatry. Substitute Professor, Pediatric Dermatology Service, Department of Pediatry, Federal University of Parana. 5 Mestre em Pediatria, Professor Assistente, Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica do Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná. / Master's Degree in Pediatry, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Dermatology Service, Department of Pediatry, Federal University of Parana. 6 Pediatra, Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica do Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná. / Pediatrician, Pediatric Dermatology Service, Department of Pediatry, Federal University of Parana.
Calogero–Moser versus Kazhdan–Lusztig cells

In 1979, Kazhdan and Lusztig developed a combinatorial theory associated with Coxeter groups, defining in particular partitions of the group in left and two-sided cells. In 1983, Lusztig generalized this theory to Hecke algebras of Coxeter groups with unequal parameters. We propose a definition of left cells and two-sided cells for complex reflection groups, based on ramification theory for Calogero-Moser spaces. These spaces have been defined via rational Cherednik algebras by Etingof and Ginzburg. We conjecture that these coincide with Kazhdan-Lusztig cells, for real reflection groups. Counterparts of families of irreducible characters have been studied by Gordon and Martino, and we provide here a version of left cell representations. The Calogero-Moser cells will be studied in details in a forthcoming paper, providing thus several results supporting our conjecture.