Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complement-fixation test for the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus.

The identification of neurotropic viruses may be obtained by determination of the host range. In some instances at least, the results will give a due to the identity of the agents. Frequently, however, final identification can be attained only by means of serologic tests. Here the neutralization and crossprotection tests have continued to be a mainstay, although in recent years the complement-fixation and the hemagglutination-inhibition tests have proved to be of definite value and have greatly facilitated investigative and diagnostic work. With respect to poliomyelitis viruses only the more "classical" procedures, determination of host range and the use of neutralization and cross-protection tests, have been employed with success. These methods are always costly in time and materials and the need for other less elaborate tests is obvious. Attempts have been made in this direction. Loring et al. (1) stated that complement fixation could be observed and Roberts (2) outlined a complicated flocculation test. The value of these reports has not yet been established by other workers.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands ( www.guidetopharmacology.org ), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/bph.13883/full . Transporters are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression.

To submit questions for this regular feature, please send them to the Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience / Revue de psychiatrie & de neuroscience, Canadian Medical Association, 1867 Alta Vista Dr., Ottawa ON K1G 3Y6, Canada; fax 613 729-9545; . ac.ocitapmys@eciffo.npj Please include details of any relevant case and your name, address, telephone and fax numbers as well as your email address. The information in this column is not intended as a definitive treatment strategy but as a suggested approach for clinicians treating patients with similar histories. Individual cases may vary and should be evaluated carefully before treatment is provided. Competing interests: None declared.
Anaphoric biases of null and overt subjects in Italian and Spanish: a cross-linguistic comparison

The present study explores the cross-linguistic differences between Spanish and Italian in the anaphoric interpretation of null subjects and overt pronominal subjects. The availability of null subjects in a language is determined by the parametric settings of its syntax, but their felicitous use as an alternative to overt pronouns depends on contextual conditions affecting how different expressions retrieve their antecedents in the discourse. According to Accessibility Theory, at least some of these principles must have universal validity; however, up to now no experimental research has been carried out with the aim of comparing directly the interpretation of anaphoric dependencies in two typologically similar null subject languages. In this paper, we report the results of two self-paced reading experiments carried out in Spanish and in Italian. The results show a similar pattern for the resolution of null subjects, as predicted by Accessibility Theory, whereas the resolution of overt pronouns seems to diverge. This suggests that subtle differences restricted to the scope of the overt pronoun yield systematic variation between the two languages.
Reliable Multicast Transport Building Blocks for One-to-Many Bulk-Data Transfer

This document describes a framework for the standardization of bulk- data reliable multicast transport. It builds upon the experience gained during the deployment of several classes of contemporary reliable multicast transport, and attempts to pull out the commonalities between these classes of protocols into a number of building blocks. To that end, this document recommends that certain components that are common to multiple protocol classes be standardized as "building blocks". The remaining parts of the protocols, consisting of highly protocol specific, tightly intertwined functions, shall be designated as "protocol cores". Thus, each protocol can then be constructed by merging a "protocol core" with a number of "building blocks" which can be re-used across multiple protocols.
CD8+/FOXP3+-ratio in osteosarcoma microenvironment separates survivors from non-survivors: a multicenter validated retrospective study

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor characterized by juvenile onset, tumor heterogeneity, and early pulmonary metastasis. Therapeutic improvement stagnates since more than two decades. Unlike major malignancies, biomarkers as prognostic factors at time of diagnosis are missing. Disease rareness hampers study recruitment of patient numbers sufficient to outweigh tumor heterogeneity. Here, we analyzed in a multicenter cohort the osteosarcoma microenvironment to reduce effects of tumor cell heterogeneity. We hypothesized that quantitative ratios of intratumoral CD8+T-cells to FOXP3+T-cells (CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios) provide strong prognostic information when analyzed by whole-slide imaging in diagnostic biopsies. We followed recommendations-for-tumor-marker-prognostic-studies (REMARK). From 150 included cases, patients with complete treatment were identified and assigned to the discovery (diagnosis before 2004) or the validation cohort (diagnosis 2004–2012). Highly standardized immunohistochemistry of CD8+ and FOXP3+, which was validated by methylation-specific gene analysis, was performed followed by whole-slide analysis and clinical outcome correlations. We observed improved estimated survival in patients with CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios above the median (3.08) compared to patients with lower CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios (p = 0.000001). No patients with a CD8+/FOXP3+-ratio above the third quartile died within the observation period (median follow-up 69 mo). Multivariate analysis demonstrated independence from current prognostic factors including metastasis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data from an independent validation cohort confirmed improved survival (p = 0.001) in patients with CD8+/FOXP3+-ratios above 3.08. Multivariate analysis proofed that this observation was also independent from prognostic factors at diagnosis within the validation cohort. Intratumoral CD8+/FOXP3+-ratio in pretreatment biopsies separates patients with prolonged survival from non-survivors in osteosarcoma.
Polymorphism of human papillomavirus type 31 isolates infecting the genital tract of HIV‐seropositive and HIV‐seronegative women at risk for HIV infection

The genomic polymorphism of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) for types other than 16 has not been extensively described. We describe here the genomic polymorphism of high‐risk HPV type 31 in 79 women (62 HIV‐seropositive, 17 HIV‐seronegative) by PCR‐sequencing of the long control region (LCR), E6 and E7. LCR polymorphism was generated by 25 (6.4%) single‐nucleotide variations over 391 bases. Each variant compared to the prototype contained from 2 to 13 variations (mean of 9.4 ± 3.3, median of 10). Considering the number of variation sites in each region of HPV genome, the LCR was more variable than E6 (13 over 496 nucleotide (nt), P = 0.03) and E7 (9 over 296 nt, P = 0.03). Non‐synonymous nucleotide variations were found in 31 (75.6%) of 41 isolates and were observed at six positions in E6. Each of the 8 HPV‐31 E7 variants contained from 2 to 5 mutations (mean of 4.29 ± 1.11, median of 5) compared to the prototype. Three non‐synonymous E6 and E7 variations were within cysteine arrays. The LCR prototype was significantly over‐represented in Caucasian women (14 (25%) of 56) compared to women of African descent (0 (0%) of 15 women, P = 0.03). Four (23.5%) of 17 women with persistent versus 6 (25.0%) of 24 women with transient infections were infected by the prototype (P = 1.00). HPV‐31 LCR was more polymorphic than oncogenes and was associated with ethnicity. J. Med. Virol. 75:213–221, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a Regular 24-membered Cyclodepsipeptide by Direct Amide Cyclization

The synthesis of a 24-membered cyclic depsipeptide with an alternating sequence of phenyllactic acid and α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) is described. The linear precursor was prepared via the ‘azirine/oxazolone method’ using 2,2-dimethyl-3-amino-2H-azirines as building blocks for the α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid Aib. The macrolactonization leading to the cyclodepsipeptide was achieved by the ‘direct amide cyclization’, i. e. , by treatment of a solution of the linear precursor in toluene with HCl gas. Graphical Abstract Synthesis of a Regular 24-membered Cyclodepsipeptide by Direct Amide Cyclization
Time Evolving Expert Systems Design and Implementation: The KAFKA Approach

Expert Systems design and implementation has been always conceived as a centralized activity, characterized by the relationship between users, domain experts and knowledge engineers. The growing diffusion of sophisticated PDAs and mobile operating systems opens up to new and dynamic application environments and requires to rethink this statement. New frameworks for expert systems design, in particular rule–based systems, should be developed to allow users and domain experts to interact directly, minimizing the role of knowledge engineer and promoting the real–time updating of knowledge bases when needed. This paper present the KAFKA approach to this challenge, based on the implementation of the Knowledge Artifact conceptual model supported by Android OS devices.
ICTs in the Rush Hour of Life

In the Netherlands, many women have entered the labor market in the last two decades. This development - among other social changes - has resulted in substantial shifts in the time that Dutch people spend on paid labor and "caring tasks" on the one hand and leisure activities on the other hand. This task combination has caused serious time pressure and coordination problems among dual-income families with children. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to label this stage of life as the "rush hour of life". In this article the findings of a small-scale qualitative case study among these "busy" households are presented. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze patterns of acceptance and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially telecommunication technologies, in the context of the everyday life of these households. The question is raised whether ICTs can be a solution to time pressure and coordination problems. Theoretically, the research is rooted in a user-oriented perspective toward technological innovation, developed in the United Kingdom by Silverstone, Haddon, and others, which understands the incorporation of ICTs into the everyday life of households as a "domestication process". A paradoxical conclusion of this study is that ICTs are not explicitly perceived as solutions to the communication and coordination problems these households experience in everyday life, although they are being used for solving these problems. This ambiguity seems characteristic for the acceptance of ICTs in everyday life. The domestication concept is a useful concept to describe these ambivalent and paradoxical processes of (non)acceptance and use.
[Suppression of stress proteins, GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin and calnexin in liver endoplasmic reticulum of rat treated with a highly toxic coplanar PCB].

The present study was addressed on the effect of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) to the expression of molecular chaperon proteins, glucose regulated protein (GRP) 78, GRP94, calreticulin and calnexin in liver endoplasmic reticulum of rat by treatment with acute exposure. Male Wistar rats received PenCB in corn oil at once a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p., then at 5 days after treatment the microsomes were prepared. Free-fed and pair-fed control groups were given the vehicle. The microsomal proteins were separated on SDS-PAGE, transferred to membrane and blotted using antibody towards respective chaperone proteins. The protein levels of GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin and calnexin were significantly decreased with the acute exposure. In addition, albumin level in the microsomes was also significantly reduced by the PenCB treatment. The transferrin level was significantly higher than pair-fed but not from free-fed group. These chaperone proteins have important physiological functions against synthesized and/or denatured proteins, which include assembling, folding of proteins. PenCB-treatment may alter the extent of biosynthesis of secretory protein such as albumin through the decreasing levels of chaperone proteins in endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, reduced GRP78 protein level by PenCB was not due to decreased mRNA level. Our results suggested that a part of the toxicity of PenCB is associated to significant decrease of the chaperone proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Cell differentiation and osseointegration influenced by nanoscale anodized titanium surfaces.

AIMS We aimed to study the interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells and the bone integration of nanostructured titanium implants. MATERIALS & METHODS Nanopores of 20, 30 and 50 nm were prepared by anodization of titanium at 5, 10 and 20 V in a mixture of fluorhydric and acetic acid. Ti 30 and 50 nanostructures promoted early osteoblastic gene differentiation of the human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic supplements. The osseointegration of nanostructured and control titanium implants was compared by implantation in rat tibias for 1 and 3 weeks. RESULTS The nanostructures significantly accelerated bone apposition and bone bonding strength in vivo in correlation with in vitro results. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that specific nanostructures controlled the differentiation of cells and, thus, the integration of implants in tissues. These nanoporous titanium surfaces may be of considerable interest for dental and orthopedic implants.
A qualitative analysis of male eating disorder symptoms

ABSTRACT Insights into how males experience eating disorder symptoms early in the course of illness are important to improve detection efforts and may also provide valuable information for treatment. In this qualitative study, 10 adolescent males and 10 matched female patients completed standardized questionnaires and were interviewed. Results indicated that although there were many similarities between the genders, females were more likely to describe the involvement of family systems and males were more likely to describe involvement in sports as being catalysts for their disorders. Males in this study were more positive about being in treatment.
Combining sparse and dense methods in 6D Visual Odometry

Visual Odometry is one of the most powerful, yet challenging, means of estimating robot ego-motion. By grounding perception to the static features in the environment, vision is able, in principle, to prevent the estimation bias rather common in other sensory modalities such as inertial measurement units or wheel odometers. We present a novel approach to ego-motion estimation of a mobile robot by using a 6D Visual Odometry Probabilistic Approach. Our approach exploits the complementarity of dense optical flow methods and sparse feature based methods to achieve 6D estimation of vehicle motion. A dense probabilistic method is used to robustly estimate the epipolar geometry between two consecutive stereo pairs; a sparse feature stereo approach to estimate feature depth; and an Absolute Orientation method like the Procrustes to estimate the global scale factor. We tested our proposed method on a known dataset and compared our 6D Visual Odometry Probabilistic Approach without filtering techniques against a implementation that uses the well known 5-point RANSAC algorithm. Moreover, comparison with an Inertial Measurement Unit (RTK-GPS) is also performed, for providing a more detailed evaluation of the method against ground-truth information.
Development of Impaired Glucose Tolerance With or Without Weight Gain

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether risk factors and changes in insulin concentrations differ in subjects who develop impaired glucose tolerance with or without weight gain. Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin concentrations increase further with the development of impaired glucose tolerance. Its development, however, often is accompanied by weight gain, which, by itself, is associated with high insulin concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants for this study were adult Pima Indians involved in an ongoing epidemiological study. Initially, all had normal glucose tolerance. During follow-up, 80 of 387 who did not gain weight developed impaired glucose tolerance, as did 295 of 1026 who gained weight. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance and the relationships between changes in weight and glucose and changes in insulin were evaluated by multivariate analyses. RESULTS High baseline fasting insulin predicted impaired glucose tolerance regardless of weight after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and glucose. The development of impaired glucose tolerance was accompanied by a further increase in fasting and 2-h insulin, whether or not subjects gained weight. In both weight-change groups, impaired glucose tolerance was associated with more centralized fat distribution. CONCLUSIONS Fasting hyperinsulinemia, a reflection of insulin resistance, is associated with the risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance whether or not weight is gained. Impaired glucose tolerance occurs when insulin resistance increases further. Weight gain is the most common precipitating factor. Aging and physical inactivity are other possible precipitating factors.
Threshold Switching Characteristics of Nb/NbO2/TiN Vertical Devices

We have observed threshold switching (TS) with minimal hysteresis and a small threshold electric field (60-90 kV/cm) in Nb/NbO2/TiN structures. The TS was unipolar with certain repeatability. A less sharp but still sizable change in the device resistance can be observed up to 150°C. The TS without Nb capping layer exhibited hysteretic characteristics. It was proposed that the surface Nb2O5 layer on NbO2 could significantly modify the TS in this vertical device. This understanding of the surface effect will allow further control of the non-linear IV characteristics for NbO2-based switches or selector devices.
Inversion injury biomechanics in functional ankle instability: a cadaver study of simulated gait

The purpose of this study was to test pathogenetic models for the “unprovoked” ankle inversion injuries seen in functional ankle unstable subjects. The consequence of spatial mal‐alignment of the ankle/foot complex on the risk of producing an ankle inversion torque at heel‐strike and during swing‐phase follow through was analyzed in cadaver simulations. Heel‐strike was simulated using a 5° of freedom rig in a material testing machine. A set‐up capable of accelerating lower limb specimens towards a support surface simulated swing‐phase follow through. Joint excursions were monitored with flexible wire goniometers. The unloaded ankle/foot complex was placed in increasing positions of talar and subtalar joint excursions. The consequences of these settings on the behavior of the ankle/foot complex at heel‐strike and when the lateral part of the foot “caught” the ground during swing‐phase follow through were monitored. An inversion torque at heel‐strike was first seen when the unloaded foot was set in positions exceeding 30° of inversion combined with full plantar flexion and 10° of internal tibial rotation. A collision between the lateral border of a 20° inverted, but otherwise neutral ankle/foot complex and the ground surface during swing‐phase follow through forced the foot into the full limit of inversion, plantar flexion and internal tibial rotation measurable in this set‐up.
University Students With Poor Reading Comprehension

The present study aimed to examine the nature of the working memory and general cognitive ability deficits experienced by university students with a specific reading comprehension deficit. A total of 32 university students with poor reading comprehension but average word-reading skills and 60 age-matched controls with no comprehension difficulties participated in the study. The participants were assessed on three verbal working memory tasks that varied in terms of their processing demands and on the Das–Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System, which was used to operationalize intelligence. The results indicated first that the differences between poor and skilled comprehenders on working memory were amplified as the processing demands of the tasks increased. In addition, although poor comprehenders as a group had average intelligence, they experienced significant difficulties in simultaneous and successive processing. Considering that working memory and general cognitive ability are highly correlated processes, these findings suggest that the observed differences between poor and skilled comprehenders are likely a result of a deficient information processing system.