Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metronidazole neurotoxicity.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities have been described with metronidazole overdosage; however, it is not clear why only few patients develop these abnormalities and also with serum levels in the therapeutic range. [2] MRI brain lesions are hyperintense on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences with no mass effect. The lesions may show restricted diffusion and are non-enhancing on contrast administration. Characteristically, these lesions are mostly symmetric and bilateral involving cerebellar dentate nuclei, midbrain, dorsal pons (the vestibular nucleus, abducens nucleus, and superior olivary nucleus), splenium of the corpus callosum, and the dorsal medulla. Unusual sites are the inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellar white matter. [3-6] MR spectroscopy abnormalities have been postulated to a reversible mitochondrial dysfunction in susceptible patients. [7] Reversal of clinical as well as MRI abnormalities after cessation of drug intake is characteristic feature of metronidazole intoxication.
Logistics Issues in International Sourcing: An Exploratory Study

Logistics problems have been identified as the biggest obstacle facing U.S. businesses in international sourcing. However, neither the purchasing nor the logistics literature contains much information on logistical considerations in global sourcing. This article presents the results of an exploratory study designed to learn about selected logistics issues in global sourcing. The article also identifies a number of opportunities for further research in the field.
The Impact of SFAS No. 131 Business Segment Data on the Market's Ability to Anticipate Future Earnings

This study investigates the effect of firms' adoption of SFAS No. 131 segment disclosure rules on the stock market's ability to predict the firms' earnings, as captured by the forward earnings response coefficient (FERC). The FERC is the association between current‐year returns and next‐year earnings. SFAS No. 131, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997, arguably increased both the quantity and quality of segment disclosure. Consistent with the standard's intended qualitative effects, pre‐131 multi‐segment firms experienced a significant increase in FERC after adopting SFAS No. 131. Consistent with the standard's intended quantitative effects, many pre‐131 single‐segment firms began disclosing multiple segments, and those that did experienced an increase in FERC. However, pre‐131 single‐segment firms that remained single segment (i.e., were unaffected by SFAS No. 131) had no change in FERC, indicating that the increase in FERC for 131‐affected firms is not due to some other event con.
A Global Perspective on the Non-Financial Consequences of Downsizing

Firms engage in workforce downsizing for a multitude of reasons, generating a myriad of consequences and implications at organizational, sub-group, and individual levels of analysis. The downsizing literature is extensive, reflecting the prevalence of this management practice in North America and around the globe. Despite the large body of research, there is scarce evidence regarding the success of the downsizing strategy when assessed from financial, organizational, and human resource perspectives. This paper demonstrates that there are patterns in downsizing practices irrespective of country of origin. Internationally-oriented firms adopt similar strategies and practices to handle external threats or internal inefficiencies and experience similar outcomes. Also, there is substantial empirical evidence from multiple countries suggesting that executives have adopted downsizing activities as a strategy, driven by a deep-seated belief that these strategies will improve organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and overall financial performance. The paper shows that managers often experience a crisis mentality following the planning and implementation of downsizing and fail to make effective long-term plans for the firm and its constituencies. Furthermore, executives have a tendency to inadequately prepare for the aftermath of downsizing, and fail to understand how downsizing survivors will be affected by workforce reduction activities. Finally, the authors argue that firms mitigate some of the negative effects by providing training for survivors and introducing human resource policies and plans to mediate the after-effects of downsizing.
Did Railroads Induce or Follow Economic Growth?

Using a newly developed geographic information system transportation database, we study the impact of gaining access to rail transportation on changes in population density and the rate of urbanization between 1850 and 1860 in the American Midwest. Differences-in-differences and instrumental variable analysis of a balanced panel of 278 counties reveals only a small positive effect of rail access on population density but a large positive impact on urbanization as measured by the fraction of people living in incorporated areas of 2,500 or more. Our estimates imply that one-half or more of the growth in urbanization in the Midwest in the late antebellum period may be attributable to the spread of the rail network.
Mapping Murine Corneal Neovascularization and Weight Loss Virulence Determinants in the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Genome and the Detection of an Epistatic Interaction between the UL and IRS/US Regions

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) most commonly causes recrudescent labial ulcers; however, it is also the leading cause of infectious blindness in developed countries. Previous research in animal models has demonstrated that the severity of HSV-1 ocular disease is influenced by three main factors: host innate immunity, host immune response, and viral strain. We have previously shown that mixed infection with two avirulent HSV-1 strains (OD4 and CJ994) results in recombinants with a wide range of ocular disease phenotype severity. Recently, we developed a quantitative trait locus (QTL)-based computational approach (vQTLmap) to identify viral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predicted to influence the severity of the ocular disease phenotypes. We have now applied vQTLmap to identify HSV-1 SNPs associated with corneal neovascularization and mean peak percentage weight loss (MPWL) using 65 HSV-1 OD4-CJ994 recombinants. The vQTLmap analysis using Random Forest for neovascularization identified phenotypically meaningful nonsynonymous SNPs in the ICP4, UL41 (VHS), UL42, UL46 (VP11/12), UL47 (VP13/14), UL48 (VP22), US3, US4 (gG), US6 (gD), and US7 (gI) coding regions. The ICP4 gene was previously identified as a corneal neovascularization determinant, validating the vQTLmap method. Further analysis detected an epistatic interaction for neovascularization between a segment of the unique long (UL) region and a segment of the inverted repeat short (IRS)/unique short (US) region. Ridge regression was used to identify MPWL-associated nonsynonymous SNPs in the UL1 (gL), UL2, UL4, UL49 (VP22), UL50, and ICP4 coding regions. The data provide additional insights into virulence gene and epistatic interaction discovery in HSV-1. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) typically causes recurrent cold sores; however, it is also the leading source of infectious blindness in developed countries. Corneal neovascularization is critical for the progression of blinding ocular disease, and weight loss is a measure of infection severity. Previous HSV-1 animal virulence studies have shown that the severity of ocular disease is partially due to the viral strain. In the current study, we used a recently described computational quantitative trait locus (QTL) approach in conjunction with 65 HSV-1 recombinants to identify viral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in neovascularization and weight loss. Neovascularization SNPs were identified in the ICP4, VHS, UL42, VP11/12, VP13/14, VP22, gG, US3, gD, and gI genes. Further analysis revealed an epistatic interaction between the UL and US regions. MPWL-associated SNPs were detected in the UL1 (gL), UL2, UL4, VP22, UL50, and ICP4 genes. This approach will facilitate future HSV virulence studies.
Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) scale in the Malay language: Data for normal-hearing children

Abstract The parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children (PEACH) scale was developed to assess the effectiveness of amplification for children, based on a systematic use of parents’ observations of children's performance in real-world environments. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to adapt the PEACH scale into the Malay language, and to collect normative data on a group of children with normal hearing. Study sample: The participants were parents of 74 children aged between 3 months and 13 years of age. Parents were requested to observe their children's auditory/oral behavior in everyday life and to record their observations in the PEACH booklet. Results: High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and item-total correlation were found (0.52–0.85). Similar to the published norms for English-speaking children, near-perfect scores were achieved by Malaysian children around 40 months of age. Conclusions: The adapted version can be used to evaluate amplification for children in the Malay speaking environment. The normative curve relating age to scores for the Malay PEACH can be used as a reference against which functional aural/oral performance of hearing-impaired Malaysian children can be evaluated.
PENGARUH RISIKO BISNIS DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN FARMASI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aim is to determine the effect of business risk and the size of company on capital structure and firm value. The population of this study were 9 companies in pharmaceutical sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample size was determined by census method-taking all population as sample. This study used secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id) and ICMD in 2006-2013. The study implemented path analysis technique. The results show that, firstly, business risk and firm size is have a positive and significant impact on capital structure. Secondly, business risk has a negative and significant effect on company value, whereas size of the company has a positive and significant effect on company value. On the other hand, and capital structure has positive yet not significant effect company value. Thirdly, capital structure emerges as mediating variable in the affect of business risk on the company value
Terpenes and Sterols Composition of Marine Brown Algae Padina pavonica (Dictyotales) and Hormophysa triquetra (Fucales)

In this study the terpenes and sterols composition were identified and estimated qualitatively and quantitatively from the brown algae Padina pavonica (Dictyotales) and Hormophysa triquetra (Fucales) by using GC/MS (Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrum). Significant differences were found in the terpenes and sterols composition of the selected algae. The analysis revealed the presence of 19 terpenes in Padina pavonica and 20 terpenes in Hormophysa triquetra, in addition to 5 sterols recoded in both of them.The total concentration of terpenes in Hormophysa triquetra recorded the highest percentage than Padina pavonica. In contrast, Padina pavonica registered high content of sterols than those in Hormophysa triquetra. The main terpene component was the hemiterpene 3-Furoic acid recording in Hormophysa triquetra more than in Padina pavonica. The diterpene phytol compound occupied the second rank according to their concentration percentage in both of the studied species. Hormophysa triquetra characterized by alkylbenzene derivatives more than Padina pavonica.Fucosterolwas the major sterol component in both of the selected algae recording a convergent concentration in Padina pavonica and Hormophysa triquetra. β- Sitosterol was detected only in Padina pavonica whereas β–Sitostanol and Stigmasterol were characterized in Hormophysa triquetra. Campesterol was found in the two studied species. Some of the high molecular weight compounds of sterols distinguished by binding of a sugar moiety (Steryl glycosides) and sodium adduct (Na + ). Stigmasteryl- glucoside+Na + found in Padina pavonica only whereas β -sitosteryl- glucoside+ Na + detected at the two selected species. Medicinal importance of terpenes and sterols in these brown species was discussed.
Surfer's Myelopathy: A Radiologic Study of 23 Cases

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surfing is an uncommon cause of an acute nontraumatic myelopathy. This study describes the MR imaging characteristics and clinical correlates in 23 subjects with surfer's myelopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 23 cases of surfer's myelopathy from 2003–2012. Spinal cord MR imaging characteristics and neurologic examinations with the use of the American Spinal Injury Association scale were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between MR imaging characteristics, American Spinal Injury Association scale, and clinical improvement. RESULTS: All subjects (19 male, 4 female; mean age, 26.3 ± 7.4 years) demonstrated “pencil-like,” central T2-hyperintense signal abnormalities in the spinal cord extending from the midthoracic region to the conus with associated cord expansion and varying degrees of conus enlargement on spinal cord MR imaging within 24 hours of symptom onset. T1 signal was normal. Faint gadolinium enhancement was present in a minority. Although there was a strong correlation between initial American Spinal Injury Association score and clinical improvement (P = .0032), MR imaging characteristics were not associated with American Spinal Injury Association score or clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Surfer's myelopathy should be considered in the radiographic differential diagnosis of a longitudinally extensive T2-hyperintense spinal cord lesion. MR imaging characteristics do not appear to be associated with severity on examination or clinical improvement.
Tumor Hypoxia Blocks Wnt Processing and Secretion through the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

ABSTRACT Poorly formed tumor blood vessels lead to regions of microenvironmental stress due to depletion of oxygen and glucose and accumulation of waste products (acidosis). These conditions contribute to tumor progression and correlate with poor patient prognosis. Here we show that the microenvironmental stresses found in the solid tumor are able to inhibit the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, tumor cells harboring common β-catenin pathway mutations, such as loss of adenomatous polyposis coli, are insensitive to this novel hypoxic effect. The underlying mechanism responsible is hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that inhibits normal Wnt protein processing and secretion. ER stress causes dissociation between GRP78/BiP and Wnt, an interaction essential for its correct posttranslational processing. Microenvironmental stress can therefore block autocrine and paracrine signaling of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and negatively affect tumor growth. This study provides a general paradigm relating oxygen status to ER function and growth factor signaling.
Professionals’ Preference for Migrant Craftsmen in Lagos State

It is difficult to fathom the words 'skilled labour shortage' in a country of over 160 million, but the challenge of shortage of trained skilled construction labour is glaring in the industry. The purpose of the study was to examine Professionals’ preference for Migrant Craftsmen in Lagos State. A survey research design through the administration of questionnaires was used for the study. A convenience sampling method was used for the study in a vibrant sample area Lekki, Lagos where there are high volumes of building construction activities. From the forty-five (45) construction sites visited in Lekki, Lagos only thirty (30) construction sites were responsive to the study representing a 67% response rate. The data were compiled and calculations performed using SPSS 21.0. The result showed that migrant craftsmen from major four (4) countries in West Africa namely Benin, Ghana, Niger and Togo, are preferred by construction professionals for crafts work on building construction sites. The factor influencing the choice of Migrant craftsmen is due to the shortage of skilled local Craftsmen in the construction industry. The major factors militating against the use of local craftsmen are that they cut corners in carrying out their craft, they rush their work and they are not keen on improving their trainings. The preference for Migrant craftsmen would result in an adequate supply of craftsmen in the industry and consequently unemployment for local craftsmen. It was recommended that local content Act should be enacted and enforced for construction companies in the Nigerian construction industry to ensure an adequate quota for local professionals and craftsmen on construction sites. Nigerian institutions aimed at providing trade skill improvement programs for local craftsmen should be revamped in order to obtain skills to evolve and survive in the competitive construction industry. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016. v7n1p501
Assessing the Dimensions of Product Variety on Performance: The Value of Product Line and Pack Size

This paper studies the impacts of product variety along two dimensions: product-line variety and pack-size variety. Previous research has often found that increased product variety is associated with increased sales. Interestingly, we find that this is not always the case, once the negative impact of product variety on fill rates is introduced. Specifically, product-line variety has a positive total effect on sales, but pack-size variety has a negative total effect on sales. We also investigate potential nonlinear impacts (with decreasing marginal effects) of product-line and pack-size variety, and find the result to be one of diminishing returns.
Plant community structure and functional differences between marshes and fens in the southern boreal region of Alberta, Canada

Despite visual similarities between marshes and moderate-rich fens in southern part of the western boreal forest of Canada, there are ecological and functional differences between the two wetland classes. Western boreal marshes have received little attention and are often difficult to distinguish from moderate-rich fens in appearance, especially when both are located at the edges of ponds and small lakes. We examined species assemblages, net above-ground production, decomposition, nutrient cycling, and en|vironmental characteristics in five wetlands, all with approximately 1 m of peat. Based on TWINSPAN and DCCA, both wetland classes contain Carex aquatilis, but marshes were characterized by Carex utriculata, Carex atherodes, Lemna minor, Typha latifolia, and no mosses. Fens were characterized by Carex lasiocarpa and various species of brown mosses, and overall, they were more variable in species composition. There were also functional differences between the classes, with net above-ground production (especially vascular plant production) greater in marshes. Decomposition rates were higher in marshes, with Carex mass losses of 86% compared to 73% in the fens after 506 days. Comparisons of our data with previous years also indicate that high water levels promote decomposition and suggest that differences in the decomposition rates between marshes and fens may ultimately be controlled by hydrologic conditions and not surface-water nutrient dynamics. Nutrient dynamics and concentrations differed between wetland classes. Concentrations of phosphorus were higher in marsh plants and lower in the peat soil than in fens. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in marsh peat than fen peat. Based on the N:P quotients of the dominant vegetation, plants in both wetlands were more limited by available N than P. Surface-water concentrations of all nutrients were higher in marshes than fens, although even the fens can be considered eutrophic, with total phosphorus concentrations averaging approximately 100 μg L−1. Surface-water levels were generally higher in the marshes, and 90% of the variation in environmental variables between the two peatland classes could be explained by surface-water level, alkalinity, chloride, ammonium, and potassium. Thus, we found that marshes and moderate-rich fens have characteristic species assemblages and that these two wetland classes can be distin|guished based on environmental variables and ecosystem functions despite the strong visual similarities between some fens and marshes.
INSECTICIDE TREATED BEDNETS OWNERSHIP, USE AND MAINTENANCE BEHAVIOUR IN KWALE, MSAMBWENI AND KINANGO DISTRICTS IN KENYA.

xvii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background.1 1.2 Statement of the problem . 3 1.3 Justification.4 1.4 Research Questions.5 1.5 Null Hypotheses.6 1.6 General Objective.6 1.7 Specific Objectives.6 1.8 Significance of the study . 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Malaria Epidemiology in Kenya.8 2.2. Malaria control.9 2.2.1. InsecticideTreated Nets.11 2.2.1.1. Coverage of Insecticide Treated Nets.13 2.2.1.2. Insecticide treated nets distribution channels and delivery options.14 2.2.1.3. Long lasting Insecticide Nets . 17 2.2.1.4. Misuse of Insecticide Treated Nets.18 2.2.2. Indoor Residual Spraying.19 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Study area . 22 3.2 Study population.24 3.3 Exclusion criteria.24 3.4 Inclusion criteria.25 3.5 Study design.25 3.6 Variables.25 3.7 Sampling and sample size determination.25 3.8 Construction of research instruments and data collection.27 3.9 Data analysis.27 3.10 Ethical considerations.28
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Jasa Verifikasi Impor terhadap Kepuasan Dan Loyalitas Pelanggan di PT Surveyor Indonesia (Persero)

Abstract: One effort to raise the rating of the company is to improve the quality of services that will impact the customer satisfaction and loyalty. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the impact of service quality on the Import Verification Services customer satisfaction and loyalty in PT Surveyor Indonesia (Persero). Subjects in this study are customers who have used services in the Import Verification PT Surveyor Indonesia (Persero) for at least 3 years using the test method used is an instrument that uses SPSS software 16.00 as for testing hypotheses using structural equation model (SEM) with software SmartPLS. Based on the analysis of SEM with PLS approach, it is known that the quality of services significantly influence customer satisfaction (t= 14.1274). Then the quality of services significantly influence customer loyalty (t= 2.6584). Furthermore, a significant effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty (t=4.1955). It can be concluded that the quality of leadership services significantly influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords: quality of services; customer satisfaction; customer loyalty, Partial Least Squares (PLS)
An interlaboratory comparison between similar methods for determination of melatonin, cortisol and testosterone in saliva

Abstract An interlaboratory comparison study for melatonin, cortisol and testosterone in saliva in which five laboratories participated is reported in this study. Each laboratory blindly measured eight samples prepared from natural saliva spiked with melatonin, cortisol and testosterone in the range 0–579 pmol/L for melatonin, 0–90 nmol/L for cortisol, and 0–622 pmol/L for testosterone. The recovery of spiked material for melatonin ranged from 91–110%, from 83–100% for cortisol and from 80–94% for testosterone. The content of natural hormone in saliva was estimated to be between 0.278 and 6.90 pmol/L for melatonin, 0.56 and 6.72 nmol/L for cortisol and 11.9 and 73.8 pmol/L for testosterone. This indicates a large interlaboratory variation. The present study emphasizes the importance of external quality control for the analysis of melatonin, cortisol and testosterone in saliva.