Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of daily hassles in binge eating.

OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the relationship between daily hassles and the frequency and caloric intake of eating episodes among normal-weight women who engage in binging (n = 17) and those who do not (n = 17). METHOD For 2 weeks, participants self-monitored their food intake during the day and completed The Hassles Scale each evening before retiring. RESULTS Results indicated that women who engage in binge eating rated daily hassles as significantly more stressful than women who do not binge. Also, women who engage in binge eating consumed significantly more calories on those days characterized by higher as opposed to lower levels of stress. DISCUSSION Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Joan of Arc Meets Mary Poppins: Maternal Re-nurturing Approaches with Male Patients in Ego-State Therapy

Abstract Many patients with posttraumatic fragmentation demonstrate a positive response to the corrective possibilities provided through ego-state therapy. However, full resolution of presenting symptoms may not occur for individuals with significant childhood histories of parental abuse and neglect without opposite sex, as well as same sex, re-nurturing interventions. This presentation emphasizes the use of maternal re-nurturing methods with men who struggle with the effects of significant attachment deficits in early life. Case examples feature male patients with long-term difficulties in their adult relationships with women that had proved refractory to other therapy methods. Following Ego-State Therapy interventions with maternal symbolic figures, however, these problems improved dramatically. Therapeutic implications for cross-gender re-nurturing with patients who report different types of maternal attachment trauma are explored and discussed.
Study on X-Ray Imaging of Soil Discharge and Calculation Method of the Ionization Parameters

Soil discharge occurs when it is subjected to high impulse current, and it is closely associated with the impulse performance of grounding systems. In this paper, a new method is put forward to visualize the inner impulse discharge region of simulate soil (fine sand) directly, using X-ray imaging technology. According to the three views of the discharge region, the boundary surface of the discharge region can be obtained based on image filtering and edge extraction by 3-D reconstruction. On this basis, the ionization parameters (i.e., the residual resistivity of soil discharge region <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho_{res}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the critical breakdown electric-field strength <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_c$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) are calculated by a finite-element method. The results show that discharge region volume enlarges with water content increasing, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho_{res}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is approximately equal to 0.001%–0.003% of the original soil resistivity <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_c$</tex-math></inline-formula> increases from 100 to 150 kV/m, as soil water content decreases from 5% to 2%.
Artesunate Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Leukocyte Migration to the Central Nervous System

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is T‐cell‐dependent disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. This model resembles multiple sclerosis (MS) in many aspects. Therapies that focus in the modulation of the immune response and cellular infiltration in the CNS present best effects in the clinics. Artesunate (Art) is a semi‐synthetic sesquiterpene derivative from artemisinin and has been shown to reduce the clinical signs of autoimmune disease models through mechanisms not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether administration of Art would ameliorate EAE.
Approximate string matching for high-throughput sequencing

Over thepast years, high-throughput sequencing (HTS)hasbecomean invaluablemethod of investigation in molecular and medical biology. HTS technologies allow to sequence cheaply and rapidly an individual’s DNA sample under the form of billions of short DNA reads. The ability to assess the content of a DNA sample at base-level resolution opens the way to a myriad of applications, including individual genotyping and assessment of large structural variations, measurement of gene expression levels and characterization of epigenetic features. Nonetheless, the quantity and quality of data produced by HTS instruments call for computationally ef icient and accurate analysis methods. In this thesis, I present novel methods for the mapping of high-throughput sequencing DNA reads, based on state of the art approximate string matching algorithms and data structures. Read mapping is a fundamental step of any HTS data analysis pipeline in resequencing projects, where DNA reads are reassembled by aligning them back to a previously known reference genome. The ingenuity of approximate string matching methods is crucial to design ef icient and accurate read mapping tools. In the irst part of this thesis, I cover practical indexing and iltering methods for exact and approximate stringmatching. I present state of the art algorithms and data structures, give their pseudocode and discuss their implementation. Furthermore, I provide all implementationswithin SeqAn, the generic C++ template library for sequence analysis, which is freely available under http://www.seqan. de/. Subsequently, I experimentally evaluate all implemented methods, with the aim of guiding the engineering of new sequence alignment software. To the best of my knowledge, this is the irst study providing a comprehensive exposition, implementation and evaluation of such methods. In the second part of this thesis, I turn to the engineering and evaluation of readmapping tools. First, I present a novel method to ind all mapping locations per read within a user-de ined error rate; this method is published in the peer-reviewed journal Nucleic Acids Research and packaged in a open source tool nicknamedMasai. Afterwards, I generalize this method to quickly report all co-optimal or suboptimal mapping locations per read within a user-de ined error rate; this method, packaged in a tool called Yara, provides amore practical, yet sound solution to the readmapping problem. Extensive evaluations, both on simulated and real datasets, show that Yara has better speed and accuracy than de-facto standard read mapping tools.
A Rank-Based Multivariate CUSUM Procedure

We consider statistical process control when measurements are multivariate. A cumulative sum (CUSUM) procedure is suggested in detecting a shift in the mean vector of the measurements, which is based on the cross-sectional antiranks of the measurements. At each time point, the measurements are ordered and their antiranks, which are the indices of the order statistics, are recorded. When the process is in control and the joint distribution of the multivariate measurements satisfies some regularity conditions, the antirank vector at each time point has a given distribution. This distribution changes to some other distribution when the process is out of control and the components of the shift in the mean vector of the process are not all the same. This CUSUM can therefore detect shifts in all directions except the one in which the components of the shift in the mean vector are all the same but not 0. The shift with equal components, however, can be easily detected by another univariate CUSUM. The former CUSUM procedure is distribution free in the sense that all its properties depend on the distribution of the antirank vector only.
Diphenhydramine dose–response: a novel approach to determine triage thresholds

Context. It is unclear how much diphenhydramine (DPH) is toxic in humans. Previous dose–response studies have had conflicting results. Objective. We sought to evaluate DPH dose–response using a unique method that utilizes acetaminophen (APAP) serum concentrations to estimate DPH doses in patients ingesting APAP/DPH in a fixed-combination product. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed APAP/DPH-only exposures in patients 2–80 years of age using case data from 15 U.S. poison centers. DPH dose was extrapolated from measured serum APAP concentrations. A clinically significant response (CSR) was predefined in terms of eight specific manifestations (e.g., coma) that would warrant emergency department intervention. Nominal logistic regression was used to model the probability of each recorded manifestation across DPH dose ranges examining fits for mg, mg/kg, log10 mg, and log10 mg/kg DPH doses. The threshold value where patients reliably became symptomatic was determined by further examining receiver operating characteristic curves. Results. There were 509 cases that met inclusion criteria. Forty-five patients (9%) developed CSRs. A higher percentage of patients developed CSR at ≥ 7.5 mg/kg DPH and ≥1 g total DPH cutoff points (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). The best model for predicting the probability of CSR was a logistic fit of log10 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). By this model, for every 1 log10 unit increase of mg/kg DPH dose, the odds of developing a CSR increased 47-fold (95% CI 17, 154). Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed a dose-related progression of symptoms. The cut-point with greatest sensitivity (98%) versus 1-specificity (57%) corresponded to an extrapolated mg/kg DPH dose of 8.2 mg/kg (95% CI 5.6, 10.5). Conclusion. Our findings support the current American Association of Poison Control Centers' guideline recommendation to refer patients to the hospital for evaluation if they have ingested greater than or equal to 7.5 mg/kg of DPH.
Frequency selectivity of single auditory-nerve fibers in response to broadband noise stimuli.

The tuning of single auditory nerve fibers in the rat in response to broadband noise was studied in a large sound intensity range. Pseudorandom noise was used as stimuli and the cross spectrum between a period histogram of the noise and a period of the noise was used as an approximation of the transfer function from sound to the modulation of the neural discharge rate. In units with a CF higher than 1000 Hz, the width of the cross spectra (at 10‐dB points) invariably increased as the stimulus intensity increased and the center frequency decreased. The few units studied with CF below 1000 Hz seemed to undergo somewhat less of a change in width. The cross correlograms of all fibers with a characteristic frequency (CF) below 5 kHz showed a damped oscillation the duration of which decreased as stimulus intensity was increased. The similarity between the nonlinearity shown here and that shown in measurements of basilar membrane motion using the Mossbauer effect is discussed.
Antigen Absorption in Bacterial Diarrhea: In Vivo Intestinal Transport of β-Lactoglobulin in Rabbits Infected with the Entero-Adherent Escherichia coli Strain RDEC-1

ABSTRACT: We studied the absorption of both antigenic and degraded β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) from the ileum to the portal blood, in rabbits infected at weaning with the enteroadherent Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1. The infection was characterized by high bacterial excretion from days 7 to 18 postinfection (pi), acute diarrhea for 10 days, and considerable growth retardation. Intestinal absorption of (β-LG was measured at four stages of the infection: early (day 3 pi), peak (day 10 pi), late (day 18 pi), and recovery (day 30 pi). During the 30-day period of infection, age-matched control rabbits exhibited a significant decrease in antigenic and degraded β-LG absorption. In both control and infected animals, more than 90% of the β-LG was absorbed by a degrading pathway and the remainder in antigenic form by a minor pathway. RDEC-1 infection significantly raised antigenic β-LG absorption from days 10 to 30 pi, which delayed the decrease that normally occurs with age. Degraded β-LG absorption was not modified by the infection, except for a slight increase observed at the recovery stage (day 30 pi). These results suggest that RDEC-1 diarrhea increases absorption of food antigens. The subsequent local or systemic immune responses are not known, but pathologic consequences are possible in susceptible individuals.
Biochar production from agricultural wastes via low-temperature microwave carbonization

Biochar production from agricultural wastes via low temperature microwave pyrolysis is discussed in the present work as an alternative to the time and energy consuming conventional carbonization. The characteristics of biochar produced from palm kernel shell (PKC), wood chips (WCC) and sago waste (SWC) produced from microwave pyrolysis were investigated. The maximum calorific value of PKC, WCC and SWC in this study was 29.04, 24.89 and 25.99 MJ/kg respectively. FTIR analysis reveals that the biochars contain O-H, C-H and C=C functional groups, while the SEM analysis showed the formation of porous structure of biochars carbonized at lower temperature for all samples. Results indicated the potential use of these biochar as fuel material and precursor for activated carbon.
Instabilities and fronts in extended systems

The physics of extended systems is a topic of great interest for the experimentalist and the theoretician alike. There exists a large literature on this subject in which solutions, bifurcations, fronts, and the dynamical stability of these objects are discussed. To the uninitiated reader, the theoretical methods that lead to the various results often seem somewhat ad hoc, and it is not clear how to generalize them to the nextthat is, not yet solvedproblem. In an introduction to the subject of instabilities in spatially infinite systems, Pierre Collet and Jean-Pierre Eckmann aim to give a systematic account of these methods, and to work out the relevant features that make them operational. The book examines in detail a number of model equations from physics. The mathematical developments of the subject are based on bifurcation theory and on the theory of invariant manifolds. These are combined to give a coherent description of several problems in which instabilities occur, notably the Eckhaus instability and the formation of fronts in the Swift-Hohenberg equation. These phenomena can appear only in infinite systems, and this book breaks new ground as a systematic account of the mathematics connected with infinite space domains.
Positive association between altitude and suicide in 2584 U.S. counties.

Brenner, Barry, David Cheng, Sunday Clark, and Carlos A. Camargo, Jr. Positive association between altitude and suicide in 2584 U.S.counties. High Alt. Med. Biol. 12: 31-35 2011. -Suicide is an important public health problem worldwide. Recent preliminary studies have reported a positive correlation between mean altitude and the suicide rate of the 48 contiguous U.S.states. Because intrastate altitude may have large variation, we examined all 2584 U.S. counties to evaluate whether an independent relationship between altitude and suicide exists. We hypothesized that counties at higher elevation would have higher suicide rates. This retrospective study examines 20 yr of county-specific mortality data from 1979 to 1998. County altitude was obtained from the U.S. Geologic Survey. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation, t tests, and multivariable linear and logistic regression. Although there was a negative correlation between county altitude and all-cause mortality (r = -0.31, p < 0.001), there was a strong positive correlation between altitude and suicide rate (r = 0.50, p < 0.001). Mean altitude differed in the 50 counties, with the highest suicide rates compared to those with the lowest rates (4684 vs. 582 ft, p < 0.001). Controlling for percent of age >50 yr, percent male, percent white, median household income, and population density of each county, the higher-altitude counties had significantly higher suicide rates than the lower-altitude counties. Similar findings were observed for both firearm-related suicides (59% of suicides) and nonfirearm-related suicides. We conclude that altitude may be a novel risk factor for suicide in the contiguous United States.
Regional cardiac wall motion abnormalities during and shortly after anthracyclines therapy.

BACKGROUND Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new non-invasive ultrasound technique that enables quantitative assessment of regional myocardial wall motion. A previous study of survivors of childhood malignancies demonstrated abnormalities of regional diastolic wall motion abnormalities many years after treatment with anthracyclines. The purpose of the present study was to investigate this phenomenon during and shortly after treatment. PROCEDURE A total of 60 patients, age range 4.4-16.0 years, were included in this study: 43 early survivors, with a mean follow-up duration of 2.1 (range 0.3-5.2) years from end of anthracycline treatment, were evaluated retrospectively. Seventeen other patients were evaluated before, during, and 6 months after the end of anthracycline therapy. All patients received moderate cumulative doses of anthracyclines (range 120-450 mg/m2). Echocardiographic examination was performed using standardized conventional and TDI techniques. RESULTS Of the early survivors, 26 (60%) demonstrated regional LV free wall motion abnormalities. In the prospective group, serial echocardiographic studies revealed three patients (18%) with regional abnormalities of LV free wall motion before starting chemotherapy, but 14 (82%) at the end of treatment. Six months later, however, the incidence decreased to 61% of the survivors. Subject and treatment characteristics, as well as LV wall diameters and fractional shortening were not significantly different for children with or without free wall motion abnormalities. Regional wall motion abnormalities were also seen in the interventricular septum, although this was less frequent. CONCLUSIONS Regional diastolic wall motion abnormalities are common during and shortly after anthracyclines therapy but may be transient. The authors recommend simultaneous use of both conventional echocardiography & TDI for the monitoring of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Comparative plasma disposition kinetics of albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and their metabolites in adult sheep.

The comparative plasma disposition kinetics of albendazole (ABZ), fenbendazole (FBZ) and oxfendazole (OFZ) following their oral administration (5 mg/kg) to adult sheep was characterized. Jugular blood samples were taken serially over a 144 h period and plasma was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for ABZ, ABZ sulphoxide (ABZSO) and ABZ sulphone (ABZSO2) (ABZ treatment), and for FBZ, OFZ and FBZ sulphone (FBZSO2) (FBZ and OFZ treatments). While the ABZ parent drug was not detected at any time post-treatment, ABZSO and ABZSO2 were the analytes recovered in plasma after oral administration of ABZ to sheep. The active ABZSO metabolite was the main analyte recovered in plasma (between 0.25 and 60 h post-treatment), accounting for 71% of the total AUC. FBZ, OFZ and FBZSO2 were the analytes detected in plasma following the oral administration of both FBZ and OFZ to sheep. Low concentrations of FBZ were found in plasma between 4 (FBZ treatment) or 8 h (OFZ treatment) and 72 h post-treatment. The plasma profile of each analyte followed a similar pattern after both treatments; OFZ being the main component detected in plasma. The plasma disposition of ABZ metabolites was markedly different to that of FBZ derivatives. ABZSO exhibited faster absorption and a higher Cmax than OFZ (both treatments). Furthermore, while ABZSO declined relatively rapidly in plasma reaching non-detectable concentrations at 60 h post-ABZ administration, OFZ was found in plasma for up to 120 (FBZ treatment) and 144 h (OFZ treatment). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cognitive–behavioural therapy augments the effects of deep brain stimulation in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Background. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising new treatment for patients with treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, since most DBS patients only show a partial response, the treatment still needs to be improved. In this study we hypothesized that cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) could optimize the post-operative management in DBS and we evaluated the efficacy of CBT as augmentation to DBS targeted at the nucleus accumbens. Method. A total of 16 patients with treatment-refractory OCD were treated with DBS targeted at the nucleus accumbens. After stabilization of decline in OCD symptoms, a standardized 24-week CBT treatment programme was added to DBS in an open-phase trial of 8 months. Changes in obsessive–compulsive, anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results. Following the addition of CBT to DBS, a significant decrease in obsessive–compulsive symptoms was observed, but not in anxiety and depressive symptoms. In a subsequent double-blind phase, in which stimulation was discontinued, OCD symptoms returned to baseline (relapse) and anxiety and depressive symptoms worsened (rebound) compared with baseline. Conclusions. The results of this explorative study suggest that a combined treatment of accumbens DBS and CBT may be optimal for improving obsessive–compulsive symptoms in treatment-refractory OCD. However, a subsequent randomized controlled trial is necessary to draw firm conclusions. It seems that DBS results in affective changes that may be required to enable response prevention in CBT. This may indicate that DBS and CBT act as two complementary treatments.
Örgütsel Bağlılığın Sağlanmasında Personel Güçlendirmenin Yeri ve Önemi

Orgutsel baglilik, isgorenin calistigi orgute karsi hissettigi bagin gucunu ifade etmektedir. Yardimlasma, paylasma, yetistirme, egitme ve takim calismasi yolu ile bir orgutteki isgorenlerin karar verme yetkilerini artirma ve isgorenleri gelistirme sureci olarak tanimlanan personel guclendirme surecinin etkin bir sekilde isleyebilmesi icin, isgorenlerin orgutsel bagliliklarinin saglanmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, isgorenlerin orgutsel bagliliklarinin saglanmasinda personel guclendirmenin yeri ve onemini vurgulamaktir. Bu dogrultuda, orgutsel baglilik kavrami, orgutsel bagliligin unsurlari, siniflandirmalari, sonuclari ve personel guclendirme ile iliskisi ele alinmaktadir
Tunnel Enlargement after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

Bone tunnel enlargement has been reported after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Although the long-term outcome of this phenomenon is not yet known, tunnel lysis or expansion may be clinically significant in revision surgery because the enlarged tunnels may complicate graft placement and fixation. There any many proposed theories for tunnel lysis. The most accurate statement is that this condition has a multifactorial etiology. Mechanical and biological causes have been reported, and both contribute to enlarged graft tunnels. This article describes the multiple causes of bone tunnel enlargement after ACL surgery. Future techniques and advances in primary ACL surgery must seek to eliminate this phenomenon.