Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factor Analysis of Organizational Justice: The Case of Ecuador

Purpose: Organizational Justice (JO) is an important predictor of different attitudes and organizational behavior. Τhe Colquitt organizational scale of justice was developed to assess the perceptions of Justice in employees (for this case university professors) and it has four dimensions: distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice. For this work we extend the analysis to the Ecuadorian context using a model that was applied in Spain. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Cronbach alpha obtained for each dimension varied between . 98 and . 99 with a measure of sampling adequacy KMO of . 9663. The corresponding factor analysis, includes items on 3 factors that account for 98% of the variance, so it is confirmed that it is an instrument that has the adequate psychometric properties for its use in the ecuadorian context. Findings: The institutions of public higher education of Ecuador, go through a significant stage of change and transformation from the political to the academic in which short-term changes are proposed regarding the normative and that is where it is necessary to study the processes of organizational change, and achieve greater assimilation through the management of elements such as the perceptions of justice that can lead to these being assimilated in a better way. Practical Implications: From the four dimensions identified by Colquitt, the one showing a higher percentage of acceptance was the interpersonal with a rate of 86.1%. Originality/Value: The objective of this study is to assess the scale of organizational Justice of Colquitt and to determine the perception of teachers in public universities in Ecuador. In addition, five questions that refer to the use of ICT in the different dimensions in a sample of 500 professors were included.
Prototyping shape-changing interfaces - An evaluation of living hinges’ abilities to resemble organic, shape-changing interfaces

This paper presents an evaluation of nine laser cut living hinges in terms of their ability to resemble earlier defined properties of mechanical shape-changing interfaces. Such interfaces are expected to become more prominent in future human-machine-interactions. However, there is a lack of empirical research regarding how users respond to such interactions since the actual interface can be difficult to build. The project therefore aims to prototype the user experience of a shape-changing interface through more simple methods yet with convincing, robust and organic appearance. Based on previous research we define nine criteria to evaluate the patterns ability to imitate a shape-changing interface. Grounded on those criteria we select the pattern with flexibilities resembling organic behaviour the most. This pattern is used to build the Breathing Box, utilizing a computer-controlled actuator that is able to alter the shape of the surface. Hence, we illustrate how designers can move from low-fidelity prototypes to functional prototypes allowing repeatable experiments. Such controllable experiments in turn allow a quantitative evaluation of user experience of shape-changing interfaces.
Power Dynamics in Supreme Court Oral Arguments: The Relationship between Gender and Justice-to-Justice Interruptions

Abstract We examine how gendered norms of professional speech affect the ability of female Supreme Court justices to exercise power in oral argument. In this unique dialogue setting, the justices vie for chances to speak. We argue that gender is an embedded characteristic of oral arguments, and implicit assumptions about gender roles lead to disparities in the balance of authority on the Court. Our results show that women are interrupted more than men, which compromises their ability to achieve their goals during oral arguments. This inequity is compounded by the fact that interruptions of female justices by male justices are associated with lower word counts for the interrupted female justices in ways that interruptions by other women are not. The results corroborate conversational and power dynamics previously explored by sociolinguists, but also extend those findings to accommodate the characteristics of more formal, high-stakes discussions involved in the creation of public policy.
Pedagogic Code-Switching: A Case Study of the Language Practices of Filipino Teachers in English Language Classrooms

This study was conducted to primarily investigate the language practices of two bilingual Filipino teachers in English language classrooms. It made use of the qualitative case study guided by Hymes’ methodological approach of the ethnography of communication. The findings of this study revealed that teachers made use of code-switching in teaching and they code-switched for several pedagogic purposes. In sentential-level analysis, the results showed that several code-switching acts were made by teachers in classroom discourse. Intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and intra-word code-switch types were most commonly used by teachers while extra-sentential code-switch was not used in their classroom discourses. In pedagogic-functional level analysis, the results revealed that the teachers frequently used code-switching mostly for instructional or content acquisition. The findings also showed that teachers sometimes code-switched for reformulation and facilitation but they rarely code-switched for language acquisition and habitual purposes. This study recommended that a similar study be conducted to gather sufficient data on class interactions through utilizing intensive classroom observations to deepen investigation on teachers’ language practices. Furthermore, it also recommended that other methods like interviews could also be done to gather teachers’ viewpoints about when and why they code-switch and their attitudes toward their use of code-switching in second language classrooms.
The Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Engagement: The Moderating Role of Task Structure

According to the social exchange theory, based on the 335 valid questionnaire data, the article uses the hierarchical regression method to examine the influence of authoritarian leadership and charismatic leadership on employee engagement and the moderating effect of task structure. The results show that charismatic leadership is significantly positively correlated with employee engagement, and there is a significant positive correlation between vigor, dedication and absorption. Authoritarian leadership is significantly negatively correlated with employee engagement, and is significantly negatively correlated with vigor and dedication. The task structure plays a moderating role between authoritarian leadership and employee engagement. Studies have shown that combined with contextual factors can better explain the role of leadership quality in leadership effectiveness, and also provide guidance and suggestions for leadership selection and practice, that is, in the context of high-task structure, organizations should prioritize the selection of individuals with authoritarian orientation as leaders.
Brokers and Tours: Selling Urban Poverty and Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean

This article explores how so-called “slum” tourism commodifies poverty and violence, transforming urban deprivation into a tourism product. In particular, we pay ethnographic attention to the role of brokers who mediate encounters between residents and tourists. The article explores how brokers—tour guides, art curators and civil society organizations—work to mediate power structures and enact a specific representational-performative politics. In so doing, brokers play a key role in aestheticizing and performing poverty and violence and converting disadvantaged spaces into a tourist product. We argue that brokers are vital to the reproduction of existing inequalities and to the formation of new social relationships and subjectivities.
Picture Power? The Contribution of Visuals and Text to Partisan Selective Exposure

Today’s high-choice media environment allows citizens to select news in line with their political preferences and avoid content counter to their priors. So far, however, selective exposure research has exclusively studied news selection based on textual cues, ignoring the recent proliferation of visual media. This study aimed to identify the contribution of visuals alongside text in selective exposure to pro-attitudinal, counter-attitudinal and balanced content. Using two experiments, we created a social media-style newsfeed with news items comprising matching and non-matching images and headlines about the contested issues of immigration and gun control in the U.S. By comparing selection behavior of participants with opposing prior attitudes on these topics, we pulled apart the contribution of images and headlines to selective exposure. Findings show that headlines play a far greater role in guiding selection, with the influence of images being minimal. The additional influence of partisan source cues is also considered.
Goal oriented variability management in model driven service engineering

vi Acknowledgements . viii List of Publications . ix
Using Eye-Movements to Track Bilingual Activation

Recent research found that the languages of bilingual listeners are active and interact, such that both lexical representations are activated by the spoken input with which they are compatible. However, the time course of bilingual activation and whether suprasegmental information further modulates this cross-language competition are still not well understood. This study investigates the effect of stress placement on the processing of English–Spanish cognates by beginner-to-intermediate Spanish-speaking second-language (L2) learners of English and intermediate-to-advanced English-speaking L2 learners of Spanish using the visual-world eye-tracking paradigm. In each trial, participants saw a target (asado, ‘roast’), one of two competitors (stress match: asados, ‘roast (pl)’; stress mismatch: asador, ‘rotisserie’), and two unrelated distracters, while hearing the target word. The experiment included a non-cognate condition (asado-asados-asador) and a cognate condition, where the stress pattern of the English word corresponding to the Spanish competitor in the stress-mismatch condition (inventor) instead matched that of the Spanish target (invento, ‘invent’). Growth-curve analyses revealed cognate-status and stress-mismatch effects for Spanish-speaking L2 learners of English, and cognate-status and stress-mismatch effects, and an interaction for English-speaking L2 learners of Spanish. This suggests that both groups use stress for word recognition, but the English stress pattern only affects the processing of Spanish words in the English-speaking L2 learners of Spanish.
Vocabulary Learning Strategies Employed by Thai University Students across Four Academic Profiles

The present study explored the use of vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) by undergraduate Thai EFL students doing an academic reading course at a comprehensive university in northeastern Thailand and examined if there was a significant difference between the students' use of VLS and their academic majors. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire with 41 items adapted from Jones’s (2006) taxonomy of VLS which was categorized into 8 different strategies was administered to a group of 267 Thai undergraduate students purposively selected from across four academic majors–Business major (BM), Engineering major (EM), Agriculture major (AM), and Health science major (HM). The results revealed that the students were moderate users of VLS, with dictionary and note-taking strategies being reported as the most frequently used VLS and selective attention the least frequently used VLS. The results of One-way ANOVA showed that the students were significantly different (p<.05) in using five out of eight strategies. Post hoc comparisons using Scheffe test showed that health science students used VLS more frequently than the rest of academic majors.
Assessing Human Factor in the Adoption of Computer-Based Information Systems as the Internal Corporate Social Responsibility

Computerization in management information systems has thickly segregated employment and unemployment which are being discussed due to technological implementation at operational and strategic levels. In this article, we have evaluated the criticism and internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) challenges caused due to the espousal of computer-based information systems (CBIS) by the companies. Based on existing measures, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and distributed to 120 employees of the companies having the adoption plan of CBIS. The hypothesized model of CBIS implementation intention disclosure and human factor was tested with correlation and regression analysis of the data received from 108 employees (90% response rate). Results show a positive relationship between technological trends and motivation of computer literate employees. We have established our study in the context of human capital management which is a sociobehavioral notion for meeting the internal CSR. Theoretical implications of this study have been progressively discussed simultaneously with the limitations therein. Our research has practical implications for corporate managers, human resource managers, and management information systems managers in manufacturing industries.
What are the top five journals in economics? A new meta-ranking

ABSTRACT We construct a meta-ranking of 277 economics journals based on 22 different rankings. The ranking incorporates bibliometric indicators from four different databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and RePEc). We account for the different scaling of the bibliometric indicators by standardizing each ranking score. We run a principal component analysis to assign weights to each ranking. In our meta-ranking, the top five journals are given by: Quarterly Journal of Economics, Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Economic Literature (JEL), Journal of Finance, and Econometrica. Additionally, leaving out the JEL as a survey journal and the finance journals in our top 10 list we confirm the perceived top five journals in the economics profession.
Professional development for cultural diversity: the challenges of teacher learning in context

ABSTRACT This article describes context-based professional development (PD) for cultural diversity in a Portuguese school cluster, and discusses how it supports change for justice and equity. Teachers felt the importance of PD and showed willingness and interest to learn. Several teacher learning opportunities were mapped out such as formal workshops, starting small collaborations and teachers’ self-directed informal learning activities. Yet, a rather fragmented character of PD seemed to emerge in terms of content on cultural diversity and forms of learning. Conflicting agendas, scattered teacher collaboration and commitment, and little student and community involvement in planned PD were found. Furthermore, there seemed to be tensions between current PD and teachers’ needs and circumstances; teachers wished for more specific information and pedagogical solutions, more collaboration and more organisational support in PD. Applying a critical multicultural perspective, it is discussed that although the current constellation of PD is a potential start, it might still contribute to teachers’ conceptual confusion and pedagogical insecurities on the field of cultural diversity. It is suggested that criticality towards PD frames is needed to re-centre cultural diversity on the premises of justice, as well as teacher support, and conscious learning with and from students, families and communities.
Postdecision Evidence Integration and Depressive Symptoms

Background: Metacognition, or the ability to reflect on one’s own thoughts, may be important in the development of depressive symptoms. Recent work has reported that depressive symptoms were associated with lower metacognitive bias (overall confidence) during perceptual decision making and a trend toward a positive association with metacognitive sensitivity (the ability to discriminate correct and incorrect decisions). Here, we extended this work, investigating whether confidence judgments are more malleable in individuals experiencing depressive symptoms. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be associated with greater adjustment of confidence in light of new evidence presented after a perceptual decision had been made. Methods: Participants (N = 416) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Metacognitive confidence was assessed through two perceptual decision-making tasks. In both tasks, participants made a decision about which of two squares contained more dots. In the first task, participants rated their confidence immediately following the decision, whereas in the second task, participants observed new evidence (always in the same direction as initial evidence) before rating their confidence. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Analysis: Metacognitive bias was calculated as overall mean confidence, whereas metacognitive sensitivity was calculated using meta-d’ (a response-bias free measure of how closely confidence tracks task performance) in the first task. Postdecision evidence integration (PDEI) was defined as the change in confidence following postdecision evidence on the second task. Results: Participants with more depressive symptoms made greater confidence adjustments (i.e., greater PDEI) in light of new evidence (β = 0.119, p = 0.045), confirming our main hypothesis. We also observed that lower overall confidence was associated with greater depressive symptoms, although this narrowly missed statistical significance (β = -0.099, p = 0.056), and we did not find an association between metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d’) and depressive symptoms. Notably, self-esteem was robustly associated with overall confidence (β = 0.203, p < 0.001), which remained significant when controlling for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: We found that individuals with depressive symptoms were more influenced by postdecisional evidence, adjusting their confidence more in light of new evidence. Individuals with low self-esteem were less confident about their initial decisions. This study should be replicated in a clinically depressed sample.
Intense Self-Regulatory Effort Increases Need for Conservation and Reduces Attractiveness of Energy-Requiring Rewards

Abstract. Exertion of self-control produces distinct motivational consequences: the motivation to conserve energy and the motivation to seek rewards. We propose that heightened conservation inhibits reward-seeking, but only when the pursuit of the reward entails substantial energy expenditure. In two studies, we manipulated self-regulatory effort and then had participants engage in an additional task that was either easy or difficult. In Study 1, we found that self-regulatory effort tended to heighten reward-sensitivity but only when the subsequent task was easy. In Study 2, we measured pupil dilation to assess reward sensitivity while participants viewed images of rewarding stimuli. When the need to conserve was intense, we observed reduced pupil dilation for rewards that were energy-requiring but not for those that were energy-giving.
On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition.

Within linguistic theory, many phenomena that were previously handled by a separate grammatical component have been moved into the lexicon; in some theories, the contrast between grammar and the lexicon has disappeared altogether. In a review of findings from language development, language breakdown and real-time processing, we conclude that the case for a modular distinction between grammar and the lexicon has been overstated, and that the evidence to date is compatible with a unified lexicalist account. Studies of normal children show that the emergence of grammar is highly dependent upon vocabulary size, a finding confirmed and extended in atypical populations. Studies of language breakdown in older children and adults provide no evidence for a modular dissociation between grammar and the lexicon; some structures are especially vulnerable to brain damage (e.g. function words, non-canonical word orders), but this vulnerability is also observed in neurologically intact individuals under perceptual degrad.
Effects of supervisor bottom-line mentality on subordinate unethical pro-organizational behavior

PurposeThis study aims to examine how supervisor bottom-line mentality (BLM) influences subordinate unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), considering the mediating role of subordinate moral disengagement and the moderating role of their power-distance orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical model was tested using two-wave data collected from employees of five firms in southern China.FindingsSubordinate moral disengagement was found to mediate the positive relationship between supervisor BLM and subordinate UPB. Furthermore, for subordinates with high power-distance orientation, the positive relationship between supervisor BLM and subordinate moral disengagement and the indirect positive relationship between supervisor BLM and subordinate UPB were both strengthened.Practical implicationsFirst, organizations should train their employees to pursue goals ethically based on established standards and policies for acceptable behavior and to punish UPB. Second, organizations should strengthen employees' ethics and reduce their likelihood of moral disengagement. Finally, organizations should create an environment that allows subordinates to question their supervisors’ BLM.Originality/valueFirst, the results demonstrate that supervisor BLM is an antecedent of subordinate UPB. Second, the study sheds important new light on how employees respond to supervisor BLM through cognitive processes. Third, it examines the moderating role of subordinate power-distance orientation between supervisor BLM, moral disengagement and UPB.
The relationship between mothers' attitudes towards child rearing and their children's emotion management skills

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between mothers' attitudes towards child rearing and their preschool childrens emotion management abilities. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 136 children and their mothers of 48 months and over who are attending the kindergartens of formal primary schools and official independent kindergartens in Cubuk and Yenimahalle districts of Ankara during the academic year 2018-2019. In the research, General Information Form developed by the researcher in order to collect data related to children, Parenting Attitude Scale used to determine mothers' attitudes towards child rearing and OSBED-Emotion Management Ability Scale were used. Results: Because of the study, it was determined that mothers had a significant difference in their attitudes according to their educational status, and that the oppressive and authoritarian attitudes of mothers with high education levels decreased. Conclusion: It was observed that there was a significant positive relationship between the emotion management skills of children and mothers' democratic attitudes. As the democratic attitudes of mothers increased, children's ability to manage emotions increased.
Review on Formal Approaches for the Verification of Aspect-Oriented Adaptations of Component-Based Systems

Not all potential changes to a component-based system can be anticipated beforehand as they depend on the environment and users' needs. In such case, a system should adapt its behavior to respond to these changes. To achieve this, one possible solution is to implement this adaptation using an aspect-oriented approach. However, even if aspect oriented adaptations of a component-based system are worthwhile, they have also negative effects. Indeed, for the reliability sake, adaptations must be formally controlled. In this paper, we present an overview of formal approaches for the verification of aspect-oriented adaptations for component-based software systems.