Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma: a management dilemma?

BACKGROUND Reported recurrence rates for incompletely excised basal cell cancers (BCC) vary widely (30-67%), and the destructive potential of recurrent BCC is well known. When surgically treated BCC are reported by the pathologist as incompletely excised the surgeon is placed in the dilemma of whether to perform an immediate wider excision, or to reserve further treatment until there is clinical evidence of recurrence. The aim of the present study is to determine if there are any clinical or morphological features which may help in this management dilemma. METHODS Middlemore Hospital histology records were reviewed. In 1986, 82 out of a total of 723 BCC excised were reported to be incompletely excised. The management and recurrence rates of the incompletely excised BCC were determined from the patient records and telephone follow up where necessary. The clinical and morphological features were correlated with the recurrence rates, with the aim of developing a management strategy. RESULTS The overall recurrence rate was 30.0%. Median time to recurrence was 18.5 months (range 1.5-55 months). Neither the margin of incomplete resection (deep, lateral or both margins), the site of tumour, the histological variant, the sex of the patient, nor prior treatment had any discernible effect on recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS Observation is an acceptable management option in most situations, as only one-third of incompletely excised lesions needed further treatment. Most recurrences occurred early and careful follow up of these patients was indicated for at least 3 years.
The influence of ploidy on the distribution of cells in chimaeric mouse blastocysts

Summary Previous studies of tetraploid↔diploid mouse chimaeras and mosaics have revealed that tetraploid cells do not contribute equally to all tissues of the conceptus. In this study we have shown that, within 30 h of aggregating cleavage stage embryos, tetraploid cells were non-randomly distributed among different tissues of the early blastocyst. They were preferentially allocated to the mural trophectoderm regardless of cell size at the time of aggregation. This early effect may underlie the restricted distribution of tetraploid cells at later stages. We have demonstrated for the first time that ploidy can influence the relative position of blastomeres in the preimplantation embryo.
An economic evaluation of market development programmes for US dairy products

ABSTRACT ‘This study measured the effectiveness of US dairy export promotion programmes on increasing foreign demand and enhancing producers’ revenues. An import demand equation based on panel data was used to test whether export promotion has a positive and significant impact on US dairy exports. The effects of various promotion scenarios on the dairy market were then simulated, and benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) for these programmes were estimated. There were three key findings. First, the combined effort of public and private dairy export promotion expenditures had a positive and statistically significant impact on demand for US dairy products in the world market. The findings indicated that export promotion stimulated total dairy exports by 4.14 billion pounds, on average, per year, which represented 55.8% of total exports. Second, US dairy export promotion has been highly profitable for the nation’s dairy farmers. The calculated BCRs, based on assumed elasticity of supply, ranged from a low of 8.54 for the most elastic assumption to a high of 30.12. Third, from an optimality standpoint, dairy farmers are underinvesting in export promotion. The marginal BCRs ranged from a low of 3.79 to a high of 15.22, which means that, at the margin, increasing export promotion expenditures would be profitable for dairy farmers.
Impact of public funding of education on economic growth in Macedonia

The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between public spending on education after the process of decentralization and economic growth in Macedonia as low income state. This paper do not have intention to make a picture of education system in Macedonia, how it functions or if education is open to all, but has the aim to measure the public spending on education as a determinant that has impact on economic growth even positive or negative. This paper raise the following important question: 'do all measures of public spending on education promote economic growth? ' As a lack of data in developing countries like is Macedonia the specification of empirical models to test the causal effect on public spending on education and growth is paradox and this explain why the road through which public education expenditure affects economic growth is not yet well understood. The inter-relationships between government expenditure and education quality should be taken into account when formulating education policy to promote economic growth (Corray, 2000). The channels by which education can promote growth maybe do not lie to quantity of public spending but on quality of the policy that means where youth end after their education. We investigate the link between public spending on education and economic growth in Macedonia using Logarithmic Multiple Regression Model. We came in conclusion that the model is significant. The result shows negative effect on public spending on education and economic growth in the case of Macedonia. The results also raise another statement 'what exactly are the highly educated workers doing together (that is so sensitive to their being highly educated) if it does not involve things changing at the margin? ' (Aghion, et.al 2009). It ends with some key conclusions and recommendations that there has to be founded another channels to produce quality education - skilled labor by which will rise the productivity and economic growth.
A Public Relations Approach to Co-Creational Image Management in Professional Sport

This dissertation investigated the influence of legitimacy and social media on organizational image management (IM) in North American professional sport. The author used a social theory approach to public relations in which legitimization is a core function, stakeholders influence the organization’s identity, and communicating identity is a legitimacy-seeking action that co-creationally drives organizational IM. This study examined the Ottawa Sport and Entertainment Group (OSEG), a conglomerate sport organization, using a qualitative embedded exploratory case study, which allowed analysis at different organizational levels, online and offline, using thematic and content analysis. The first two research questions explored the relationships between identity, image, and legitimacy in a social media world. The second two explored the explicit effects of social media on identity, legitimacy, image, and how these constructs manifest through social media. The first phase of the study used interview (N-52) and document (N-4) analyses to explore how identity, image, and legitimacy interact. Results showed that organizations’ legitimacy-seeking behaviour drives IM. The impetuous to change image comes from the outward facing legitimacy-seeking negotiation of image with external stakeholders. In phase two, using the legitimacy framework developed by Lock, Filo, Kunkel, and Skinner (2015), 5,668 tweets and retweets were coded, revealing 10 communicated image themes that sought technical, managerial, personal, and linkage legitimacy. These types of legitimacy were present in 99.5% of tweets and retweets. They sought to build trust, reinforce an image and identity of community involvement, and create conformity pressure. Such activities indirectly encouraged or legitimized expressions of fan support while inhibiting dissenting
Alternative Pathways of Glucose Utilization in Brain; Changes in the Pattern of Glucose Utilization in Brain Resulting from Treatment of Rats with 6‐Aminonicotinamide

Abstract: The effect of 6‐aminonicotinamide (6AN) treatment on the activities of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism in 20‐day‐old rat brain was evaluated by measurements of yields of 14CO2 from glucose labeled with 14C on carbons 1, 2, 3 + 4, or 6 and uniformly labeled glucose, and from the incorporation of 14C from specifically labeled glucose into lipids by brain slices from cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. At the highest dose of 6AN used (35 mg/kg body weight) there was a significant decrease in the 14CO2 yields via the pentose phosphate pathway, the glycolytic route, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and via the glutamate‐γ‐aminobutyric acid pathway. Giving a graded series of doses (20–35 mg 6AN/kg body weight) revealed a hierarchy of responses in which the pentose phosphate pathway, lactate, glyceride‐glycerol, and fatty acid formation were most sensitive, followed, in sequence, by the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, the glutamate‐γ‐aminobutyrate route and, finally, the TCA cycle. The nature of the blocks in the various pathways was examined by the use of metabolite profiles.
From "Urban" to Urban: Engaging Schools and Communities in Teacher Education.

This study examines the impact of a new course that broadens a teacher education program in preparing teachers to engage in urban schools and communities. Our examination focuses on the following question: To what extent and in what ways does this urban education course that includes a community organization field placement impact teacher candidates in terms of their understanding of: (a) social justice, (b) the relationship between their identity and their pedagogical practices, and (c) urban communities as educational resources? Findings suggest that the course is having an impact on teacher candidates and most reported insightful experiences with the resources in urban communities for use in their future teaching.
On the biological and biochemical nature of cloned populations of Strongyloides ratti

ABSTRACT Seven geographically varied isolates of Strongyloides ratti were cloned. Each clone was examined for the degree of homogonic development of the free-living generation and by enzyme electrophoresis. Considerable variation was found between the clones in the degree of development that was homogonic. In Contrast, the clones were indistinguishable by enzyme electrophoresis.
Stroke Induces a BDNF-Dependent Improvement in Cognitive Flexibility in Aged Mice

Stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide. Recently, we have established an animal model of stroke that results in delayed impairment in spatial memory, allowing us to better investigate cognitive deficits. Young and aged brains show different recovery profiles after stroke; therefore, we assessed aged-related differences in poststroke cognition. As neurotrophic support diminishes with age, we also investigated the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in these differences. Young (3-6 months old) and aged (16-21 months old) mice were trained in operant touchscreen chambers to complete a visual pairwise discrimination (VD) task. Stroke or sham surgery was induced using the photothrombotic model to induce a bilateral prefrontal cortex stroke. Five days poststroke, an additional cohort of aged stroke animals were treated with intracerebral hydrogels loaded with the BDNF decoy, TrkB-Fc. Following treatment, animals underwent the reversal and rereversal task to identify stroke-induced cognitive deficits at days 17 and 37 poststroke, respectively. Assessment of sham animals using Cox regression and log-rank analyses showed aged mice exhibit an increased impairment on VD reversal and rereversal learning compared to young controls. Stroke to young mice revealed no impairment on either task. In contrast, stroke to aged mice facilitated a significant improvement in reversal learning, which was dampened in the presence of the BDNF decoy, TrkB-Fc. In addition, aged stroke control animals required significantly less consecutive days and correction trials to master the reversal task, relative to aged shams, an effect dampened by TrkB-Fc. Our findings support age-related differences in recovery of cognitive function after stroke. Interestingly, aged stroke animals outperformed their sham counterparts, suggesting reopening of a critical window for recovery that is being mediated by BDNF.
Biodiversity Conservation: Challenges Beyond 2010

Biodiversity Convention In October 2010, the Convention on Biological Diversity will meet to assess the current condition of global biodiversity and to propose and agree on priorities for its future conservation. In this context, Rands et al. (p. 1298; see the News Focus section; see the cover) review recent patterns of biodiversity conservation, highlighting successes, as well as current and future threats. They argue that biodiversity should be treated as a public good, with responsibility for its conservation integrated across sectors of society and government, rather than be confined to the business of environmental agencies, and review the conditions under which this goal might be achieved. The continued growth of human populations and of per capita consumption have resulted in unsustainable exploitation of Earth’s biological diversity, exacerbated by climate change, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic environmental impacts. We argue that effective conservation of biodiversity is essential for human survival and the maintenance of ecosystem processes. Despite some conservation successes (especially at local scales) and increasing public and government interest in living sustainably, biodiversity continues to decline. Moving beyond 2010, successful conservation approaches need to be reinforced and adequately financed. In addition, however, more radical changes are required that recognize biodiversity as a global public good, that integrate biodiversity conservation into policies and decision frameworks for resource production and consumption, and that focus on wider institutional and societal changes to enable more effective implementation of policy.
Concerted integration of viral DNA termini by purified avian myeloblastosis virus integrase

Concerted integration of retroviral DNA termini, which produces a characteristic duplication of sequences at the integration site and formation of the proviral state, is a necessary step of the retroviral life cycle. We investigated the pairwise integration reaction catalyzed by purified avian retrovirus integrase by measuring the response to solution parameters and how the sequences of the viral termini, which comprise the avian imperfect inverted repeat, affect the reaction. When we optimized the reaction, an efficiency was achieved which approached that measured in systems using cytoplasmic extracts from virus-infected cells. The response of purified avian integrase to solution parameters was similar to that of the integration activity derived from cellular extracts. For strand transfer, the U3 viral terminal sequences were preferred to those of the U5 termini, a result we previously showed for the trimming reaction. That the sequence preference was the same for trimming and strand transfer may be further evidence that only one catalytic site is used for both reactions. A significant number of integration sites were sequenced. Interesting trends were found for the fidelity of the host duplications to the avian 6-bp duplication size, the clustering of the integration sites in the nonessential region of the lambda host DNA, and the sequence characteristics of the duplication sites.
Self-Monitoring by College Students With ADHD: The Impact on Academic Performance

Objective: There is a lack of empirically supported treatments for college students with ADHD and academic deficits. The current study evaluated self-monitoring, an intervention that may improve academics in children with ADHD, with a college sample diagnosed with ADHD. Method: Fifty-three participants were recruited, 41 of which completed the study and are included in the analyses. Participants were randomly assigned to a group that received study skills instruction, goal setting, and self-monitoring instruction (SM+ group; n = 22) or a group that received only study skills and goal setting (SM− group; n = 19). Results: Participants in the SM+ group demonstrated significant improvement in their ADHD symptoms, academic behavior, grade point averages (GPAs), and goal attainment. These improvements were not significant for the SM− group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-monitoring might be used to improve academic performance in college students with ADHD.
Clinical Evaluation of the BDProbeTec Strand Displacement Amplification Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The reliability of the BDProbeTec MTB Test (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md.) for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens was evaluated by comparing results to those of conventional mycobacterial culture, with the BACTEC TB 460 and Middlebrook 7H11 biplates. Patients known to have tuberculosis were excluded from analysis. Of 523 specimens from 277 patients, 53 grew a mycobacterium: 24 specimens of M. tuberculosis and 29 specimens of nontuberculous mycobacteria. After initial testing, 42 specimens were positive by the BDProbeTec, for overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 95.8, 96.2, 54.8, and 99.8%, respectively. After resolution of discrepancies, 28 specimens were positive by the BDProbeTec, for overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100, 99.2, 85.7, and 100%, respectively. These same values were 100, 80.8, 93.4, and 100%, respectively, for smear-positive samples and 100, 99.4, 75.0, and 100%, respectively, for smear-negative specimens.
The impact of the current crisis on private returns to education in Greece

This paper explores the relationship between the position of individuals in the labour market (employment characteristics and wages) and their education level in order to determine the private returns to education in Greece. Specifically, the focus is on the impact of the crisis on the returns to education. The main conclusions of the study are: (i) the crisis has increased the probability of unemployment for all, though generally those with more education have suffered less; (ii) higher unemployment has reduced wages, especially for men and for those with a postgraduate degree; and (iii) education, even after adjusting for unemployment risk, continues to yield high returns in the crisis period. Thus, even in the crisis, tertiary education graduates enjoy better prospects in the labour market than lower education level graduates.
Radon track imaging in CR‐39 plastic detectors using confocal scanning laser microscopy

Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) has been used to provide the first images of radon track populations in two external CR‐39 plastic detectors. Measurements of variables including track area distribution and estimates of the angle of track inclination (dip) derived from surface CSLM sections are presented. CSLM depth slices, combined with three‐dimensional (3D) visualization techniques, provide a new, non‐destructive way of examining the 2D and 3D geometry of the etched tracks within solid‐state nuclear track detectors that may prove useful in complementing existing optical microscopy methods.
Differences in GABAergic transmission between two inputs into the perirhinal cortex

We have investigated properties of GABAergic synaptic transmission in perirhinal cortex evoked by stimulation of temporal and entorhinal cortex sides. GABAA IPSCs were isolated by blockade of glutamatergic transmission in slices of adult perirhinal cortex; IPSC decay was best fitted with two exponentials. Interestingly, temporal IPSCs had a larger slow component of decay (P < 0.05) compared to entorhinal IPSCs. Depression of IPSCs by the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen was greater (P < 0.05) in the temporal input (79 ± 4% depression) than the entorhinal input (65 ± 3% depression). Furthermore, baclofen abolished the slow component of IPSC decay in both inputs. Activity‐dependent depression of IPSCs at 5 Hz was greater (P < 0.05) in the temporal input [paired pulse ratio (PPR) 0.5 ± 0.04] compared to that in the entorhinal input (PPR 0.67 ± 0.02, n = 10). The differences in paired pulse depression between the inputs were removed by the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP55845A. This study demonstrates several differences in GABA transmission between temporal and entorhinal inputs including the differential activation of presynaptic GABAB receptors and differential regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission. These properties may be important in the control of neuronal activity within perirhinal cortex.
Non-financial reports, anti-corruption performance and corporate reputation

Objective – This paper analyzes whether the anti-corruption reporting practices of the companies are a reflection of adequate anti-corruption systems put in place by companies, or whether the disclosure is merely a tool for companies to improve their reputation and thus maintain their legitimacy. Design/methodology/approach – We apply the PLS method to the collected data in a content analysis of the sustainability reports of 31 companies within the Ibex 35 in December 2008. Theoretical foundation – In the analysis, we use both the legitimacy theory and the stakeholder theory, because we consider them as complementary theories and consistent with our approach. Findings – The results show that regarding the corruption issue there is a negative relationship between disclosure and performance, that is, companies with poor performance disclose more. On the other hand, the results reflect the existence of a positive relationship between disclosure and reputation, i.e. report information to interested parties enhances the perception of stakeholders about the company. This finding could be justified by the above two theories. However, we can’t conclude that companies with good performance disclose information to key stakeholders in order to strengthen relations, as stated by the stakeholder theory. Practical implications – this study provides evidence of how companies use non-financial reporting-specifically anti-corruption data- to improve corporate reputation. It is also noted that reporting practices not necessarily have to be in accordance with the actual anti-corruption practices of firms.
Dorsoventral regulation of photosynthetic functions related to morphological and anatomical structures in field-grown sorghum

The rapid dorsoventral regulation of photosynthesis is important because the light conditions around both surfaces of field-grown leaves vary considerably. The photosynthetic asymmetry has been intensively studied, but structure-related explanations for asymmetry were not exactly clarified. This study aimed to investigate the photosynthetic asymmetry in field-grown Sorghum bicolor L. and analyze the impacts of dorsoventral structures on photosynthesis. We found that the photosynthetic asymmetry changed with light conditions, and adaxial surfaces had higher primary photochemical activity owing to higher mesophyll density, while abaxial surfaces had higher CO2-diffusion capacity due to higher stomatal density, substomatal cavities, and contact areas between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. Moreover, abaxial surfaces could mainly use self-transmitted light (residual light intercepted by adaxial surface) to drive photoreaction which could partly retain high photosynthetic rates in the field. This study can improve our understanding on the photosynthetic dorsoventral regulation.