Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of early and late‐onset dementias in a Japanese memory disorders clinic

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic profiles of patients with early (age <65 years) and late (age ≥65 years) onset of dementia in a memory disorders clinic in Japan. A total of 512 consecutive memory clinic patients were evaluated using clinical information and results of examinations. Diagnosis of dementia was made according to DSM‐III‐R, and that of subtypes according to standard diagnostic criteria. A total of 464 patients met the criteria for dementia. Amongst late‐onset patients (n = 430), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (48.1%) was the most frequent cause of dementia, followed by AD with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (31.4%), vascular dementia (VaD) (9.1%), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (3.7%), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (1.6%), and others (5.8%). On the contrary, amongst early onset patients (n = 34), the most common dementia diagnosis was AD (38.2%), followed by VaD (23.5%), FTLD (14.7%), AD with CVD (5.9%), DLB (2.9%), and others (17.6%). FTLD and VaD were significantly more common in the early onset group. All patients, but one, with DLB and Parkinson's disease dementia were late‐onset. The relative frequencies of AD, VaD, and DLB in our series are consistent with epidemiologic findings in several Western countries; however, the frequency of FTLD is not consistent with the previous findings presenting high frequency in late‐onset patients in some Western countries.
Error and flow control performance of a high speed protocol

The performance of the SNR protocol of A. N. Netravali et al. (1990) is studied when it is implemented for end-to-end flow and error control. Using a combination of analysis and simulation, the efficiency with which this protocol uses the network bandwidth and its achievable throughput is evaluated as a function of certain network and protocol parameters. The protocol is enhanced by introducing two windows to decouple the two functions of receiver flow control and network congestion control. This enhancement and the original protocol are compared with go-back-N (GBN) and one-at-a-time-selective-repeat (OSR) retransmission procedures, are shown to have significantly higher throughput for a wide range of network conditions. As an example, for a virtual circuit with 60-ms roundtrip delay and 10/sup -8/ bit error rate, in order to deliver 500 Mb/s throughput, both the GBN and OSR require a raw transmission bandwidth of approximately 800 Mb/s, whereas SNR with two windows needs slightly higher than 500 Mb/s raw bandwidth. Periodic exchange of state can also provide a variety of measures for congestion control in a timely and accurate fashion. >
EFFECTS OF NOCODAZOLE AND IONIZING RADIATION ON CELL PROLIFERATION AND DELAYED LUMINESCENCE

1 “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Biophysics Dept., Bucharest, Romania 2 National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering NIPNE-HH Bucharest, Romania 3 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy 4 Dip. di Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Universita di Catania, Italy 5 Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania E-mail: baran@ifin.nipne. ro
The Upstairs Market for Large-Block Transactions: Analysis and Measurement of Price Effects

This article develops a model of the upstairs market where order size, beliefs, and prices are determined endogenously. We test the model's predictions using unique data for 5,625 equity trades during the period 1985 to 1992 that are known to be upstairs transactions and are identified as either buyer or seller initiated. We find that price movements prior to the trade data are significantly positively related to trade size, consistent with information leakage as the block is "shopped" upstairs. Further, the temporary price impact or liquidity effect is a concave function of order size, which may result from upstairs intermediation. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Resilience, Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Internally Displaced Persons Affected by Armed Conflict

The present research was designed to explore resilience, stress, anxiety and depression among internally displaced persons. The sample (N = 125) was taken from Garden Villas, Rawalpindi and Barakoh camps, Islamabad which included both males (n = 63) and females (n = 62). The age range of the sample was from 20 to 75 years. Individuals from Swat, Mardan, Swabi, Chota Lahore, Shahmansoor, and Sheikh Yaseen were included in the sample. Urdu version of Ego Resiliency Scale (Aslam, 2007) and stress, anxiety and depression were assessed through Urdu versions of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Aslam, 2007). Results of the study showed that women experienced more stress, anxiety and depression and less resilience as compared to men. Results also revealed significant inverse correlation between resilience and stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, family loss during internal displacement was found to be significantly positively related with stress, anxiety and depression and negatively associated with resilience. Implications of the study would be assistive in developing an indigenous understanding of social and economical context of Pakistan.
Calculation of atmospheric neutrino-induced backgrounds in a nucleon-decay search.

We have developed an extensive model of atmospheric . nu. interactions which provide the backgrounds to nucleon-decay experiments. We report results from a 417-live-day exposure of the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven detector. During this time 401 contained events were observed at a rate and with characteristics consistent with atmospheric . nu. interactions. We have calculated the expected backgrounds to a variety of two- and three-body decay modes and have set lower limits on many nucleon partial lifetimes.
Alcohol-containing mouthwash and oropharyngeal cancer: a review of the epidemiology.

BACKGROUND There has been concern that the use of alcohol-containing mouthwash may increase the risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer, or OPC. The authors examine the epidemiologic literature relating to this issue. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors identified all nine English-language epidemiologic studies of OPC that made reference to mouthwash. The findings and major strengths and limitations of each study are described. In addition, the authors reanalyzed data from one of the studies. RESULTS The results of six of the studies reviewed are negative and provide no support for the hypothesis that use of alcohol-containing mouthwash increases the risk of OPC. One of the three studies with positive results was a case series and included a follow-up case-control study, the results of which were negative. The authors reanalyzed the study with the most positive results. This analysis found that the study results were just as positive for nonmucosal cancers developing in the mouth as they were for the usual type of OPC. The authors concluded that this study's positive finding resulted from recall bias. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS It is unlikely that the use of mouthwashes that contain alcohol increases the risk of developing OPC.
Assessment of Growing Pain and Its Risk Factors in School Children

Background: Limb pain in children is a major diagnostic challenge. In majority of cases limb pain are due to growing pain (GP), which is the most common form of episodic childhood musculoskeletal pain. Some standard criteria are being used for diagnosis of GP. Objective: This study was undertaken to identify the frequency of growing pain and to determine its presentation and risk factors in school children. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2014 among school children aged 6-12 years in four Kindergarten schools at Bhairab Thana in Kishoregonj District. Standard criteria given by Peterson (1986) were used in this study for diagnosis of GP. Pretested questionnaires in Bangla were distributed among the children of Class One to Class Five by purposive sampling. After completions by parents or caregiver, questionnaires were collected from the schools and children with limb pain were selected for further history and clinical examination. Age and sex matched healthy children were selected as controls for comparison of risk factors. Results: Among 540 distributed questionnaires 404 (74.8%) responded. Among responders 95 (23.5%) had limb pain of which 78 (19.3%) were diagnosed as GP (40 were male and 38 were female). Highest number of cases was found in 8+ year age group. Site of pain was calf muscle (69.2%) in the majority. Timing of pain was at night in 82.05% cases. In 66.6% of cases pain was improved with massage. GP hampered activities like sleep in 26.9%, sports in 21.7% and schooling in 8.9%. GP was associated with headache in 12.8% and abdominal pain in 6.4% cases. Obesity, overweight, over activity and family history of GP were found significantly higher among GP cases than controls. Conclusion: Growing pain was found to be the most common cause of limb pain. Typical presentation of GP and multiple risk factors like obesity, over activity and family history were identified in this study.
EFFECT OF FEMALE HORMONES IN DIFFERENT OVARIAN CONDITIONS

This study measures the levels of estrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone in females suffering from ovarian cancer (OCA) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO). Thirty one (31) OCA, twenty nine (29) PCO cases and 35 controls were matched by age (p>0.05), and hormonal levels in different phases of their menstrual cycle. Blood samples were collected from each person. Sera were separated and stored at -20°C. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the estrogen, progesterone, FSH was performed using commercially available kits from Biocheck, USA. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in follicular and leuteal phase or menopause were found in normal range (8.5±2.4 mIU/ml, 7.4±2.3 mIU/ml and 95±1.3 mIU/ml) among controls and was significantly lower in the OCA group (3.4±1.3 mIU/ml, 3.8±0.2 mIU/ml and 71.8±2.3 mIU/ml) and in PCO group (2.9±0.6 mIU/ml and 3.2±1.4 mIU/ml), respectively. Progesterone levels in follicular, leuteal phase and menopause were found in the normal range among control group (0.6 ± 0.03 ng/ml, 8.1±5.4 ng/ml and 1.2±1.3 ng/ml) whereas in OCA group progesterone levels were significantly higher in follicular phase (2±0.4 ng/ml) and lower in leuteal phase (0.6±4.7 ng/ml). In PCO group progesterone levels were found significantly lower in follicular phase (0.1±0.6 ng/ml) and normal in leuteal phase (2.5±0.8 ng/ml). Estrogen levels were seen significantly higher in OCA group (119 ±2.9 pg/ml) and PCOS (109 ±1.9 pg/ml) group in follicular phase and normal in control group (63.7±2.3 pg/ml). However, in the leuteal phase estrogen levels were in normal range among controls (76.7±3.4 pg/ml), OCA (140.3±2.5 pg/ml) and PCO group (82.5±1.9 pg//ml) whereas in menopause estrogen levels increased in OCA group (21.3±1.2 pg/ml) and remained within normal range among normal controls (13.5±2.3 pg/ml). Level of FSH and progesterone almost remained normal in ovarian cancer and showed a decreasing trend in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Estrogen was increased in ovarian cancer while it slightly decreased in polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Morphology-Dependent Properties of Cu/CeO2 Catalysts for the Water-Gas Shift Reaction

CeO2 nanooctahedrons, nanorods, and nanocubes were prepared by the hydrothermal method and were then used as supports of Cu-based catalysts for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. The chemical and physical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and in situ diffuse reflectance infra-red fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) techniques. Characterization results indicate that the morphology of the CeO2 supports, originating from the selective exposure of different crystal planes, has a distinct impact on the dispersion of Cu and the catalytic properties. The nanooctahedron CeO2 catalyst (Cu-CeO2-O) showed the best dispersion of Cu, the largest amount of moderate copper oxide, and the strongest Cu-support interaction. Consequently, the Cu-CeO2-O catalyst exhibited the highest CO conversion at the temperature range of 150–250 °C when compared with the nanocube and nanorod Cu-CeO2 catalysts. The optimized Cu content of the Cu-CeO2-O catalysts is 10 wt % and the CO conversion reaches 91.3% at 300 °C. A distinctive profile assigned to the evolution of different types of carbonate species was observed in the 1000–1800 cm−1 region of the in situ DRIFTS spectra and a particular type of carbonate species was identified as a potential key reaction intermediate at low temperature.
Database-driven Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) of bacterial pathogens

MOTIVATION Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a newly developed typing method for bacteria based on the sequence determination of internal fragments of seven house-keeping genes. It has proved useful in characterizing and monitoring disease-causing and antibiotic resistant lineages of bacteria. The strength of this approach is that unlike data obtained using most other typing methods, sequence data are unambiguous, can be held on a central database and be queried through a web server. RESULTS A database-driven software system (mlstdb) has been developed, which is used by public health laboratories and researchers globally to query their nucleotide sequence data against centrally held databases over the internet. The mlstdb system consists of a set of perl scripts for defining the database tables and generating the database management interface and dynamic web pages for querying the databases. AVAILABILITY http://www.mlst. net.
Is It Money Or The Environment? An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Consumers' Intention to Adopt the Smart Metering Technology

The Smart Metering Technology (SMT) is an essential building block of smart grids. It facilitates demand-reduction and -shifting and is supposed to trigger behavioral and economic changes in households’ energy consumption. While technology adoption in the workplace has been studied extensively, evidence as to residential settings is rather limited. Likewise, the IScommunity has been reluctant in addressing issues regarding environmental sustainability. This study aims at bridging these gaps by investigating the factors influencing consumers’ intention to adopt the SMT. Building upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) we propose an interdisciplinary research model. The model was empirically tested using data collected from 284 potential adopters. The results implicate that apart from the major determinant attitude, intention is driven by secondary sources’ influence and environmental concerns. The findings will help refining researchers’ understanding of SMT-adoption and will be useful for all stakeholders interested in SMT-diffusion.
Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus and the Role Of Vitamins with Antioxidant Actions

Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabe‐ tes mellitus and its complications [4]. Hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress, which con‐ tributes to the impairment of the main processes that fail during diabetes, insulin action and insulin secretion. In addition, antioxidant mechanisms are diminished in diabetic patients, which may further augment oxidative stress [5, 6]. Several studies have addressed the possi‐ ble participation of dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins, in ameliorating the diabetic state and retarding the development of diabetes complications [7, 8].
The defensive alliance between neutrophils and NK cells as a novel arm of innate immunity

The immune system is equipped with a plethora of mechanisms that protect the host from the harmful effects of environmental insults. However, the traditional “hierarchical” view of the immune response, in which innate, “nonspecific” cells are first recruited to the site of damage, before the highly “specific”, adaptive immune response develops, has been questioned recently. First, the innate response is much more specific than recognized previously: indeed, each cell of the innate system is not only endowed with an ever‐expanding array of germ‐line‐encoded receptors, which differentiate between distinct insults, but also is modulated continuously by other leukocytes that concomitantly interact with and respond to that particular insult. The other reason is that the cells of the innate system are instrumental for the adaptive system to accomplish its function, as they can also modulate the activity of lymphocytes reciprocally during the entire course of the immune response. This complex pattern of interactions is illustrated by recent advances on the functions of PMNs, clearly showing that unexpectedly, these cells also contribute to the regulation of the host immune response by crosstalk with innate and adaptive leukocytes, including NK cells. Herein, given the peculiar role of neutrophils and NK cells in inflammation, clearance of pathogens/viral‐infected cells, and cancer immunosurveillance, we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms whereby neutrophils and NK cells interact and regulate the activities of one another, as well as discuss their potential implications involved in the pathogenesis of chronic, inflammatory pathologies, infections, and tumors.
Using Imprecise Continuous Time Markov Chains for Assessing the Reliability of Power Networks with Common Cause Failure and Non-Immediate Repair

We explore how imprecise continuous time Markov chains can improve traditional reliability models based on precise continuous time Markov chains. Specifically, we analyse the reliability of power networks under very weak statistical assumptions, explicitly accounting for non-stationary failure and repair rates and the limited accuracy by which common cause failure rates can be estimated. Bounds on typical quantities of interest are derived, namely the expected time spent in system failure state, as well as the expected number of transitions to that state. A worked numerical example demonstrates the theoretical techniques described. Interestingly, the number of iterations required for convergence is observed to be much lower than current theoretical bounds.
“Onset of Depression Inventory”—comparison between the data of depressed patients and their relatives

Abstract Background. The “Onset of Depression Inventory” (ODI) represents a patient interview which aims to register the speed of onset of depression systematically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient-relative agreement regarding the speed of onset of depression in the patients. Methods. The ODI was investigated in 31 patients with a depressive episode. Moreover, 31 patients’ relatives participated in an interview for which a modified version of the ODI (for relatives of depressed patients; ODI-A) was applied. Results. There was a significant association between patients’ estimation of the speed of onset of the depressive episode and relatives’ estimation of this parameter in the case of patients and relatives living in a common household (rho = 0.68; p = 0.006). Conclusions. There was an agreement between patients and their relatives regarding the speed of onset of the current depressive episodes, however only if they lived in a common household.
Algal PUFA and effects on organisms 18 musicola inhibits other cyanobacteria and green algae

A review and discussion of the effects of algal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology and their effects on other animal systems. Topics discussed also include the relationship of cyanobacterial classification to PUFA occurrence, lipid concentrations occurring in the aqueous environment, the general effect of microalgae on zooplankton, and how algal PUFAs may be exerting their inhibitory and toxic effects. UNH Center Freshwat. Biol. Res. 6(2): 17-44 (2004)
Origin of familial malignant melanomas from heritable melanocytic lesions. 'The B-K mole syndrome'.

Distinctive melanocytic moles are described in 37 patients from six melanoma families. Among the family members examined by the authors, 15 of 17 patients with melanoma and 22 of 41 nonmelanoma relatives had the unique moles. The clinical and histological features of these moles have been designated the "B-K mole syndrome. " The clinical features of the syndrome include the presence of less than 10 to greater than 100 moles prominent of the upper trunk and extremities, and variability of mole size (5 mm to 15 mm), outline, and color combination. Histologically, B-K moles show atypical melanocytic hyperplasia, lymphocytic infiltration, delicate fibroplasia, and new blood vessels that occur within a compound nevus or de novo. The transformation of two B-K moles into malignant melanomas was documented photographically.
All-optical switching based on cross-phase modulation in microstructure fiber

In this letter, we demonstrate all-optical switching of picosecond pulses between the output ports of a microstructure-fiber-based polarization Sagnac interferometer. High contrast switching of 2.6-ps FWHM signal pulses due to cross-phase modulation induced by 4.9-ps pump pulses in a 5.8-m long microstructure fiber is achieved at wavelengths near 1550 and 780 nm. The spectral and temporal behavior of the switching device are investigated and compared with numerical simulations based on coupled-wave theory.
Commentary: Update on Animal Models for NTP Studies

Based on recommendations of participants at the National Toxicology Program (NTP) workshop ‘‘Animal Models for the NTP Cancer Bioassay: Strains and Stocks—Should We Switch? ’’ some modifications to the NTP rodent cancer bioassay were made. The B6C3F1 remains the mouse model used in the cancer bioassay. The use of multiple strains of mice will be explored through a new branch within the NTP, the Host Susceptibility Branch. Several rat models were evaluated; the Harlan Sprague Dawley rat is currently being used in the NTP studies.
Nitric oxide-dependent relaxation induced by M 1 muscarinic receptor activation in the rat small intestine

1 The aim of the present study was to investigate whether muscarinic M1 receptor activation induces intestinal relaxation via nerve-dependent nitric oxide formation. 2 Mechanical activity in longitudinal segments of rat jejunum was recorded isotonically in organ baths. 3 The muscarinic M1 receptor agonist 4-[[[(3-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]oxy]-N,N,N,-trimethyl2-butyn-1-amonium chloride (McN-A-343, 10 ± 10 M) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of rat jejunum. Relaxations induced by McN-A-343 (10 M) were inhibited by the M1 receptor antagonist telenzepine (10 M), and enhanced by the M3 receptor antagonist parāuorohexahydrosiladifenidol (p-F-HHSiD; 3610 M). 4 The inhibitory responses induced by McN-A-343 were abolished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 10 M) and N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 3610 M), the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 M), and by tetrodotoxin (TTX; 3610 M). 5 Guanethidine or hexamethonium did not aect inhibitory responses induced by McN-A-343. 6 In conclusion, McN-A-343 induces nerve-dependent, nitrergic relaxations in rat jejunum, via activation of muscarinic M1 receptors. Hence, selective muscarinic M1 receptor agonists or antagonists might oer possibilities for pharmacological manipulation of the NO system.