Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Prenatal Diagnosis in China

China is situated in the south-eastern part of the Eurasian continent and has a total land area of 9.6 million square kilometers. It is composed of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia Hui, Guangxi Zhuang, Xinjiang Weiwuer, and Tibet), four municipalities directly under the central authorities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing), and two Special Administrative Region(SAR)(Hong Kong and Macao). China is a unified, multinational country (56 nationalities), with a population of about 1.37billion, of which 1.34 billion live in mainland. According to a survey carried out in 1987, the birth defects were of 4% in China. It is a big burden for the population. The government has paid attention to this situation. In order to improve the public health, China government passed the “Maternal and Child Health Law” in 1994.
A software radio LTE network testbed for video quality of experience experimentation

This paper presents a novel Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile wireless testbed for streaming multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE) experimentation. The software-radio based design of the testbed provides an extremely flexible architecture which offers detailed insights into all elements of the entire LTE network protocol stack from physical to application layer. With the testbed, we aim to bridge the gap between video content providers such as YouTube and commercial LTE operators by identifying and testing viable approaches to enhance end-user quality of experience (QoE). In this work, we focus on the design and implementation of the automated and instrumented testbed, and share results from our initial experiments.
Smart growth and health for the future: "our course of action" Delaware County, Ohio.

Introduction In 2004, Delaware County, Ohio, was the fast­ est growing county in Ohio and the eleventh fastest growing county in the nation. Even with a 71.4% increase in business establish­ ments, less than 40% of Delaware County res­ idents both live and work in the county. The population increased 30% from April 2000 to July 2004, when it reached 142,503. Delaware County, about 25 miles north of Columbus, has experienced challenges from rapid in­ frastructure development, subdivisions, and population increases. For the past 10 years, Delaware County has built new subdivisions in unincorporated areas being platted at ap­ proximately 3,000 new lots per year. In incor­ porated villages and cities another 1,000 lots are developed each year, adding up to 4,000 new homes, or approximately 10,000 new residents, to the county annually.
Recruitment of MinC, an Inhibitor of Z-Ring Formation, to the Membrane in Escherichia coli: Role of MinD and MinE

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, the min system prevents division away from midcell through topological regulation of MinC, an inhibitor of Z-ring formation. The topological regulation involves oscillation of MinC between the poles of the cell under the direction of the MinDE oscillator. Since the mechanism of MinC involvement in the oscillation is unknown, we investigated the interaction of MinC with the other Min proteins. We observed that MinD dimerized in the presence of ATP and interacted with MinC. In the presence of a phospholipid bilayer, MinD bound to the bilayer and recruited MinC in an ATP-dependent manner. Addition of MinE to the MinCD-bilayer complex resulted in release of both MinC and MinD. The release of MinC did not require ATP hydrolysis, indicating that MinE could displace MinC from the MinD-bilayer complex. In contrast, MinC was unable to displace MinE bound to the MinD-bilayer complex. These results suggest that MinE induces a conformational change in MinD bound to the bilayer that results in the release of MinC. Also, it is argued that binding of MinD to the membrane activates MinC.
Nipah Virus Attachment Glycoprotein Stalk C-Terminal Region Links Receptor Binding to Fusion Triggering

ABSTRACT Membrane fusion is essential for paramyxovirus entry into target cells and for the cell-cell fusion (syncytia) that results from many paramyxoviral infections. The concerted efforts of two membrane-integral viral proteins, the attachment (HN, H, or G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins, mediate membrane fusion. The emergent Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic and deadly zoonotic paramyxovirus. We recently reported that upon cell receptor ephrinB2 or ephrinB3 binding, at least two conformational changes occur in the NiV-G head, followed by one in the NiV-G stalk, that subsequently result in F triggering and F execution of membrane fusion. However, the domains and residues in NiV-G that trigger F and the specific events that link receptor binding to F triggering are unknown. In the present study, we identified a NiV-G stalk C-terminal region (amino acids 159 to 163) that is important for multiple G functions, including G tetramerization, conformational integrity, G-F interactions, receptor-induced conformational changes in G, and F triggering. On the basis of these results, we propose that this NiV-G region serves as an important structural and functional linker between the NiV-G head and the rest of the stalk and is critical in propagating the F-triggering signal via specific conformational changes that open a concealed F-triggering domain(s) in the G stalk. These findings broaden our understanding of the mechanism(s) of receptor-induced paramyxovirus F triggering during viral entry and cell-cell fusion. IMPORTANCE The emergent deadly viruses Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus belong to the Henipavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. NiV infections target endothelial cells and neurons and, in humans, result in 40 to 75% mortality rates. The broad tropism of the henipaviruses and the unavailability of therapeutics threaten the health of humans and livestock. Viral entry into host cells is the first step of henipavirus infections, which ultimately cause syncytium formation. After attaching to the host cell receptor, henipaviruses enter the target cell via direct viral-cell membrane fusion mediated by two membrane glycoproteins: the attachment protein (G) and the fusion protein (F). In this study, we identified and characterized a region in the NiV-G stalk C-terminal domain that links receptor binding to fusion triggering via several important glycoprotein functions. These findings advance our understanding of the membrane fusion-triggering mechanism(s) of the henipaviruses and the paramyxoviruses.
Age-Dependent Cellular Immune Responses to Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein in Humans1

The Plasmodium vivax merozoite Duffy binding protein (DBP) contains a cysteine-rich region II (DBPII) that binds to the Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines on erythrocytes, which is essential for parasite invasion. Cellular immune responses to DBPII have not been reported in P. vivax endemic populations, although they may contribute to partial acquired immunity. To examine host cellular immunity to DBPII and identify major T cell epitopes, PBMCs from 107 individuals (2–68 years old) were examined for cytokine production by ELISPOT and/or ELISA to rDBP and overlapping peptides (displaced by 2 aa spanning a 170-aa region of DBPII corresponding to the critical binding motif to the Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines). In P. vivax-exposed subjects, 60 and 71% generated significant rDBP-induced IFN-γ and IL-10 production, respectively, 11% stimulated IL-2, and IL-5 and IL-13 were not detected. Children <5 years of age had reduced levels and frequency of rDBP-induced IL-10 and IFN-γ production compared with partially immune older children and adults (p < 0.01). Five major T cell epitopes were identified. Three of these T cell epitopes contained polymorphic residues present in the population. Peptides synthesized corresponding to these variants induced IFN-γ and IL-10 production to one variant and little response to the other variant in the same individual. These results demonstrate age-dependent and variant-specific cellular immune responses to DBPII and implicate this molecule in partial acquired immunity to P. vivax in endemic populations.
Implementing the illness management and recovery program in community mental health settings: facilitators and barriers.

OBJECTIVE There is little research on how to effectively implement the illness management and recovery program for people with severe mental illness in community mental health settings. This study aimed to examine which factors promote or hinder successful implementation of illness management and recovery in these settings. METHODS Twelve community mental health centers implemented illness management and recovery over a two-year period. They were supported in this endeavor by an implementation resource kit and regular meetings with a consultant trainer. Implementation efforts at each center were monitored by a supervised researcher (an implementation monitor) over the two years. This researcher conducted qualitative interviews with key informants every six months and conducted more frequent observations of routine activity in order to discern the implementation progress. These qualitative data were gathered into a database that was examined by the authors to discern key cross-site barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of illness management and recovery. RESULTS Through content analysis of the qualitative data, four broad cross-site themes emerged that appear to meaningfully determine success or failure of implementation. These were leadership, organizational culture, training, and staff and supervision. These overlapping themes worked synergistically to effect implementation. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of illness management and recovery in community mental health settings is facilitated through strong leadership, an organizational culture that embraces innovation, effective training, and committed staff. Where these factors are lacking, strategies may need to be developed to effectively implement and sustain illness management and recovery.
Big cities and bright lights: rural- and northern-trained physicians in urban practice.

INTRODUCTION Rural medical education is increasing in popularity in Canada. This study examines why some family physicians who completed their residency training in northern Ontario decided to practise in urban centres. METHODS We used a qualitative research method. We interviewed 14 graduates of the Family Medicine North program and the Northeastern Ontario Family Medicine program. The interview transcripts were content-analyzed. RESULTS There were different pathways leading to urban practice. While some pathways were straightforward, others were more complicated. Most participants offered multiple reasons for choosing to work in urban areas, suggesting that the decision-making processes could be quite complex. Family and personal factors were most frequently mentioned as reasons for choosing the urban option. The needs of the spouse and the children were especially important. Most of the participants had no plans to return to rural medical practice, but even these physicians retained some vestiges of rural practice. CONCLUSION Most Canadian medical schools now offer some rural medical training opportunities. The findings of this study provide some useful insights that could help medical educators and decision-makers know what to expect and understand how practice location decisions are made by doctors.
CFD simulation of added resistance of ships in head sea for estimating energy efficiency design index

IMO(International Marine Organization) adopted the mandatory application of the EEDI(Energy Efficiency Design Index) for new ships in order to reduce the emissions of CO2(IMO, 2011). Added resistance, which is defined as an increased resistance of ships in waves, have a large effect on emissions of CO2. It is important that exact estimation of added resistance is essential for precise calculation of EEDI coefficient (MEPC 63rd session report). In the present study, CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation using overset grid method is performed on KCS(KRISO Container Ship) hull form to predict added resistance for precise EEDI coefficient. Simulation results is compared to experimental result(Simonsen et al, 2008 [18]).
Técnicas de análisis para la mejora y predicción del rendimiento académico

Desde hace varias decadas, profesores y pedagogos han mostrado un fuerte interes en la posibilidad de predecir cual va a ser el desempeno academico de los estudiantes. Por ello, se han realizado multitud de estudios teniendo en cuenta variables socioeconomicas y de caracter academico. Sin embargo, apenas hay herramientas que permitan a educadores y alumnos hacer una prediccion real de cuales pueden ser los resultados a final de curso. Por otro lado, los docentes pueden encontrarse con mucha informacion de cada uno de sus alumnos que sea dificil de gestionar o analizar de forma conjunta. Hay herramientas que les permiten hacer estadisticas simples con facilidad, pero pocas que permitan combinar mas de tres variables distintas. Este proyecto pretende hacer una primera aproximacion a estos problemas. El objetivo es desarrollar una herramienta que permita al profesor analizar el desempeno actual de sus alumnos, asi como tener una vision previa de cuales pueden ser los resultados a final de curso. Para hacer esto, el proyecto consta de tres funcionalidades principales que intentaran ayudar a los profesores a hacer un seguimiento de sus clases: la primera se trata de un analizador estadistico, cuya funcion es dar forma a todos los datos de los que disponga el sistema para hacerlos mas comprensibles. La segunda es un agrupador de informacion. El objetivo de esta funcionalidad es proporcionar al profesor grupos de alumnos que presentan un determinado patron de comportamiento. Por ultimo, esta la funcionalidad de prediccion. Esta parte se encarga de predecir la potencial nota de cada estudiante basandose en experiencia adquirida de cursos anteriores.
Cognitive Socialization Across Ethnocultural Contexts: Literacy and Cultural Differences in Intellectual Performance and Parent-Child Interaction

Abstract A comparative study of parent-child interaction and its relation to children's intellectual achievement is presented. The question of cultural continuities in cognitive development was examined. The cross-national design also illustrates some of the problems encountered when such relationships are studied across social contexts in general. The results suggest that although interaction characteristics are related to children's intellectual achievement, that relation is moderated by context factors that may operate differently in each culture. The findings are discussed in terms of how literacy mediates parents' teaching styles in ways that remain culturally ingrained. Research issues and recommendations for future research and policy are discussed.
Lucilia sericata Chymotrypsin Disrupts Protein Adhesin-Mediated Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms cause chronic infections due to their ability to form biofilms. The excretions/secretions of Lucilia sericata larvae (maggots) have effective activity for debridement and disruption of bacterial biofilms. In this paper, we demonstrate how chymotrypsin derived from maggot excretions/secretions disrupts protein-dependent bacterial biofilm formation mechanisms.
Whole-body positron emission tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with metastases of unknown primary tumours (CUP syndrome)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performances of whole body 2-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) imaging for the detection of the primary tumour in patients with metastases of unknown origin. Forty-one patients, without previous history of known cancer (18 women and 23 men; average age 64.1 years) with metastasis confirmed by histopathological analysis were included in a retrospective study. Results of PET were compared with those of techniques used in the current conventional diagnostic procedure. All known metastatic lesions were detected by PET. There were 26 true-positive and two false-negative results. Primary tumour remained undetermined in eight patients after conventional investigations and PET. PET was superior to conventional diagnostic procedure in 11 patients and led to modify treatment in 11 patients. Sensitivity of PET was superior than computed tomography in detecting abdominal primary tumours. FDG PET is useful in patients with unknown primary tumour because its sensitivity is good and it could modify the disease management. Otherwise, PET allows the evaluation of the extent of the disease and could be used to monitor treatment efficiency. Its contribution has to be evaluated particularly in patients with primary tumour with a specific treatment.
Congenital heart disease in twins.

THE familial nature of congenital heart disease has become increasingly apparent.1 2 3 However, a major obstacle to the acceptance of a significant genetic role in the etiology of congenital heart defects has been the failure to demonstrate that when 1 member of a set of identical twins is affected with a congenital heart lesion, the co-twin is also affected. Uchida and Rowe4 found no concordance for congenital heart disease in 13 monozygotic twin pairs nor in 13 sets of dizygotic twins in which 1 member had a congenital heart defect. A similar lack of concordance was discovered by Campbell,5 who reported .
Investigation of mixed SAC and SnPb solder balls under high speed ball shear and pull tests

Due to environmental consciousness and legislative regulations, Pb-free solders have been increasingly used for replacement of conventional SnPb solders in the microelectronic industry. However, during the transition period from SnPb to Pb-free solders, some products will potentially consist of mixtures of Pb-free with SnPb solders. This paper presents the results of microstructural analysis of mixed solder joints which are formed by attaching different alloys of solder balls and pastes on the OSP pad finish. The effect of thermal aging on the strength and fracture energy of the mixed solder balls during high speed ball shear/pull tests was also investigated in the study. The test specimens were aged at 125°C for durations of 200, 500 and 1000 hours. The correlations between the solder ball fracture force/energy, failure modes and intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness of the mixed alloy solder joints are also established.
Independent medical research.

Concerns about undue influence of sponsors on research have already been heard for decades. Efforts to change this situation have had insufficient impact. Here we draw attention to an innovative proposal by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences on how to prevent sponsor-induced bias. Is the problem still urgent? Several studies suggest that it is. In a recent survey of the 289 most-cited clinical trials published between 1994 and 2003, Ioannidis’ group analysed the origin of authors (academic or nonacademic) and the source of finance of these trials. 1 This study was done within the context of the International Campaign to Revitalise Academic Medicine (ICRAM). 2 During the period of observation, the proportion of investigations financed by pharmaceutical industries increased significantly: no less than 65 of the 77 most-cited clinical trials were (co-)financed with money from industry. Obviously the increasing influence of industry is a reason for concern, especially when the boundaries of influence are unclear. Industrial involvement, particularly in drug trials, usually starts with the design of the study, the choice of the comparator drugs, and the selection of the clinical investigators. Often industry has a major involvement in the collection and control of the data, as well as in data analysis. Even the (ghost)writing of the article may be done by the sponsor. It is of quite some concern, as Kjaergard and Als-Nielsen have pointed out, that authors of trials with competing interests, i.e., those funded by for-profit organisations, are significantly more positive towards the results of their investigation than those without. 3 This observation fits in with the results of the systematic review by Lexchin et al., 4 which demonstrates that studies sponsored
Inferring semantic organization from refractory access dysphasia: Further replication in the domains of geography and proper nouns but not concrete and abstract concepts

Patients with “refractory access dysphasia” have been a source of unique insight into the organization of previously unexplored domains of semantic knowledge (i.e., proper nouns, geography, concrete and abstract concepts). However, much of the relevant data have been based on the performance of a small number of patients. Here, we present 2 patients who both display a “refractory access” pattern of performance on spoken-word–written-word matching tasks and test their performance in the domains of famous people, geography, and abstract and concrete words. While these patients show performance similar to that for the previously reported patients in the domains of famous people and geography, they show a very different pattern of performance with abstract and concrete nouns. We discuss possible reasons why patients may differ in performance and evidence for and against the “differential frameworks” hypothesis for the organization of concrete and abstract concepts.
Author ' s personal copy Elevated CO 2 response of photosynthesis depends on ozone concentration in aspen q

The effect of elevated CO2 and O3 on apparent quantum yield (f), maximum photosynthesis (Pmax), carboxylation efficiency (Vcmax) and electron transport capacity (Jmax) at different canopy locations was studied in two aspen (Populus tremuloides) clones of contrasting O3 tolerance. Local light climate at every leaf was characterized as fraction of above-canopy photosynthetic photon flux density (%PPFD). Elevated CO2 alone did not affect f or Pmax, and increased Jmax in the O3-sensitive, but not in the O3-tolerant clone. Elevated O3 decreased leaf chlorophyll content and all photosynthetic parameters, particularly in the lower canopy, and the negative impact of O3 increased through time. Significant interaction effect, whereby the negative impact of elevated O3 was exaggerated by elevated CO2 was seen in Chl, N and Jmax, and occurred in both O3-tolerant and O3-sensitive clones. The clonal differences in the level of CO2 O3 interaction suggest a relationship between photosynthetic acclimation and background O3 concentration. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.