Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directional Properties of P-wave Velocities and Acoustic Anisotropy in Different Structural Domains of the Northern Barbados Ridge Accretionary Prism Complex

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 156 revisited the northern Barbados Ridge, where the previous Deep Sea Drilling Program Leg 78A and ODP Leg 110 studied the frontal part of this accretionary prism. Drilling and logging-while-drilling at Sites 947, 948, and 949 successfully identified major thrust faults and the decollement, which was the target of several downhole experiments. Two of the eight holes drilled were equipped with borehole observatories that will monitor temperature, pressure, and fluid flow over the next years. Coring at Hole 948C recovered 180 m of sediment, centered around the decollement, which was positively identified based on structural information. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the possible correlation of preferred orientation of acoustic properties and the direction of maximum compressive strain in the frontal part of the accretionary prism. For this purpose, shipboard P-wave velocities from Holes 948C and 949B were reoriented. This information was then used to compare the directional properties of accreted and subducted sediments. In Hole 948C, lowest transverse velocities (Tmin ) were observed to be consistently oriented perpendicular to the maximum horizontal compressive stress, believed to be parallel to the convergence vector. In the underthrust domain of Hole 948C, several preferred orientations for Tmin were detected, but no correlation with the geotectonic reference frame could be identified. Acoustic anisotropy does not show a comparable pattern in Hole 948C. It is concluded that the observed directional dependence of P-wave velocity in the accreted sediment domain in Hole 948B is the result of moderate to steeply inclined bedding, although this conclusion can not adequately be tested due to the lack of corrected structural data.
ARDS in Aged Patients: Respiratory System Mechanics and Outcome

Background: Aging is associated with physiological changes in respiratory mechanical properties. In elderly patients an increased incidence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) resulting in increased number of elderly patients treated in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), along with increased mortality has been reported. Aim of the present study was to identify potential age-related differences in respiratory mechanics, gas exchange and ventilator settings in patients with early ARDS. The relationship between age and ICU mortality was additionally assessed. Methods: In 58 consecutive early ARDS patients demographic and anthropometric characteristics, ventilatory settings, pulmonary physiologic measurements (arterial blood gases and static respiratory mechanics) and outcome within ICU setting were recorded. Patients were divided into three age groups, those <45 yrs old (Group A, n=16), those 45-65 yrs old (Group B, n=24) and those ≥ 65 yrs old (Group C, n=18). Results: Ventilatory settings did not differ among the three ARDS age groups studied. Arterial blood gases and static respiratory mechanics were also comparable. Similarly, alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) did not differ significantly between the three groups. The middle-aged and elderly patients compared to younger ones had significantly longer length of ICU stay (p=0.018) and higher, although not significant, ICU mortality (Group A: 25%; Group B: 41.67%; Group C: 61.1%). Conclusions: An overt impact of age on respiratory system mechanics and gas exchange in early ARDS patients was not detected in our cohort. Nevertheless, elderly patients demonstrated a trend for higher mortality, along with significantly longer hospitalization in the ICU.
The segregation of baryons and dark matter during halo assembly

The standard galaxy formation theory assumes that baryons and dark matter are initially well mixed before becoming segregated due to radiative cooling. We use non-radiative hydrodynamical simulations to explicitly examine this assumption and find that baryons and dark matter can also be segregated due to different characteristics of gas and dark matter during the buildup of the halo. As a result, baryons in many haloes do not originate from the same Lagrangian region as the dark matter. When using the fraction of corresponding dark matter and gas particles in the initial conditions (the ‘paired fraction’) as a proxy of the dark matter and gas segregation strength of a halo, on average about 25 per cent of the baryonic and dark matter of the final halo are segregated in the initial conditions. This is at odds with the assumption of the standard galaxy formation model. A consequence of this effect is that the baryons and dark matter of the same halo initially experience different tidal torques and thus their angular momentum vectors are often misaligned. The degree of the misalignment is largely preserved during later halo assembly and can be understood with the tidal torque theory. The result challenges the precision of some semi-analytical approaches that utilize dark matter halo merger trees to infer properties of gas associated with dark matter haloes.
Antimicrobial and in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities of selected Zimbabwean ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used in folklore animal wound management

Plants are often justifiably used in folklore medicine. A determination of the antibacterial, antifungal and anti-enzymatic activities of the extracts of Cissus quadrangularis, Adenium multiflorum and Erythrina abyssinica. Microdilution bioassays were used for both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Bacteria used are Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Brevibacillus agri and Staphylococcus epidermis. Fungi used are Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis. Non-radioactive HIV-RT colorimetric ELISA was used for the anti-reverse transcriptase activities. E. abyssinica leaf and A. multiflorum crude extract fractions exhibited the best antibacterial and antifungal properties. Ethanol extract fractions gave the best antimicrobial properties. All plants exhibited good anti-reverse transcriptase-1 activities. Erythrina abyssinica leaf extracts gave the best anti-tyrosinase activity followed by E. abyssinica bark then A. multiflorum. Crude extracts of E. abyssinica leaf and bark gave the best anti-α-glucosidase activities and C. quadrangularis leaf also gave good activity.
A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT CARRIERS FOR SHELFLIFE OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS

Studies were carried out to evaluate different carriers for shelf life of Pseudomonas fluorescens stored at 25±2 0 C over a storage period of 6 months. The population dynamics was recorded at monthly intervals. The population of P. fluorescens was increased significantly in all carriers i.e Talc, Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) a waste product of mushroom industry, Lignite, Charcoal, Farm yard manure (FYM) and Flyash up to 60 days storage and there was slow decline in number of viable propagules after 60 days of storage.Spent mushroom substrate (78× 10 8 cfu/g) and fly ash (53.67× 10 8 cfu/g) maintained viable population count at 90 days of storage.This population was very close to the population recorded in carrier’s viz., Talc (86.33×108cfu /g), Lignite (80×108cfu /g) which were usually used in biofertilizer industry. Hence for short storage period, option of SMS and Fly ash can be used for developing commercial formulations of P. fluorescens. Talc was found to be the best carrier material that maintained better population of the P. fluorescens (18 ×108cfu/g) till the end of storage period.
Gliese 710 will pass the Sun even closer - Close approach parameters recalculated based on the first Gaia data release

Context. First results based on Gaia data show that the well-known star Gliese 710 will be the closest flyby star in the next several Myrs and its minimum distance from the Sun will be almost five times smaller than that suggested by pre- Gaia solution. Aims. The aim of this work is to investigate the proximity parameters and the influence of the close approach of Gliese 710 on the basis of Gaia DR1. Furthermore, we compare new results with previous works based on HIP2 and Tycho 2 catalogues to demonstrate how Gaia improves the accuracy of determination of such phenomena. Methods. Using a numerical integration in an axisymmetric Galactic model, we determine new parameters of the close encounter for Gliese 710. Adding ten thousand clones drawn with the use of a covariance matrix, we estimate the most probable position and velocity of this star at the minimum distance from the Sun. Results. Our calculations show that Gliese 710 will pass 13365 AU from the Sun in 1.35 Myr from now. At this proximity it will have the brightness of −2.7 mag and a total proper motion of 52.28 arcsec per year. After the passage of Gliese 710 we will observe a large flux of new long-period comets. Thanks to the Gaia mission, the uncertainties of the minimum distance and time of the close approach are several times smaller than suggested by previous works based on data from earlier observations.
ANXIETY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

This is an open-access ar cle distributed under the terms of the Crea ve Commons A ribu on Non-commercial License (h p://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits use, distribu on, and reproduc on in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a standard procedure for the diagnosis of central nervous system and musculo-skeletal system disorders. Although MRI provides valuable clinical information, in some patients the procedure can cause discomfort and anxiety associated with the necessity to remain motionless in a closed space of the MRI chamber. The aim of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
Disentangling the relative importance of species occurrence, abundance and intraspecific variability in community assembly: a trait‐based approach at the whole‐plant level in Mediterranean forests

10 paginas. -- 4 figuras. -- 3 tablas. -- 77 referencias. -- Supplementary material (available online as Appendix oik.01875 at (www.oikosjournal.org/readers/appendix). Appendix 1–5. http://www.ecography. org/appendix/oik-01875
Leadership development: making a difference in unfavourable circumstances

Purpose – This paper is derived from a two‐year study that sought to provide a critical understanding of the current state of business leadership development (BLD) and to identify directions for innovative future practice. The second of two companion papers, this contribution aims to investigate the influence of unfavourable competing agendas on BLD and how human resource development (HRD) professionals can work effectively within such circumstances.Design/methodological approach – The paper analyses three case studies of HRD managers who made significant contributions to their organisation's BLD despite unfavourable political circumstances. These individuals were selected from a population of 190 managers from the first phase of the overall study.Findings – The cases highlight the centrality of political activity to effective BLD design and implementation that is subject to unfavourable circumstances. In particular, the individuals demonstrated the importance of relationship management, challenge and cri.
Adoption of the Balanced Scorecard by State Corporations Within the Ministry of Information and Communication, Kenya

Purpose: The study sought to examine the adoption of the balanced scorecard by state corporations within the ministry of Information & Communication in Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to assess the extent to which balanced scorecard has been adopted in state corporations in the Ministry of Information and Communication; and to evaluate the benefits derived from adoption of the balanced scorecard practices in state corporations in the Ministry of Information and Communication. Methodology: Survey design was used to undertake the study. The population of interest was all state corporations in the Ministry of Information and Communication, whose number stood at 10 as at June 30 th 2011. Primary data was collected through questionnaires sent to respondents who are involved with the formulation and implementation of organization’s strategies. This ensured data collected is useful to meet specific objectives of the study. The questionnaires were sent to Customer Relation Manager, Head of Finance, Head of Business Development and Head of Operations. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data pertaining to objectives of the study. Computation of frequencies in tables, charts and bar graphs were used in data presentation. In addition, the researcher used standard deviations and mean scores to present information pertaining to the study objectives. The information was presented and discussed as per the objectives and research questions of the study. Findings and Discussions: The balanced scorecard may serve as a strategic management system in an organization. Findings of the study indicate that the BSC in practice is a system, which primarily encourages managers at all levels to make strategic decisions based on the company’s common strategies. In developing the BSC concept further, the study findings indicate that the benefits from using the BSC in organizations include: clarify and gain consensus about strategy; communicate strategy throughout the organization; align departmental and personal goals to the strategy; link strategic objectives to long-term targets and annual budgets; identify and align strategic initiatives; perform periodic and systematic strategic reviews; and obtain feedback to learn about and improve strategy. The balanced scorecard acts like as a new strategic management system. The system is expected to link an organization’s long-term strategy with its short-term actions. A well developed and implemented balanced scorecard should focus on the following four critical management processes, namely (i) clarify and translate vision and strategy; (ii) communicate and link strategic objectives and measures; (iii) plan, set targets, and align strategic initiatives, and (iv) enhance strategic feedback and learning. Key w ords: Balanced scorecard; Financial Perspective; Customer Perspective; Internal Business Process Perspective; Learning and Growth Perspective
Precautionary management of Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua callarias) under different environmental noise and harvesting strategies

Many cod stocks have decreased during the last decades due to heavy exploitation. One reason is the difficulty to fit complex population dynamics, assessment methods and economic interests together. Moreover, strong environmental fluctuations, such as climate change, affect the success of population management. We consider precautionary harvest strategies in the management of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias). We address the following questions: How does the frequency structure in environmental noise affect cod abundance under alternative harvesting strategies? What are the possibilities and limits for precautionary management of Baltic cod? We compare proportional and two threshold harvest strategies. The proportional strategy creates more stable economy while the threshold strategies produce higher sustainable yield and spawning stock biomass, although annual catch may vary substantially.
Knowledge Sharing through Web-Based Learning Systems

Many organizations understand the importance of knowledge sharing among their employees. They are eager to introduce knowledge management paradigm to facilitate the sharing of knowledge in their organizations. However little is known about the determinants of the individual’s knowledge sharing behavior. Taking knowledge management as an approach to e-learning, the purpose of this study is to understand the factors of knowledge sharing behavior through the investigation of individual’s acceptance to an interactive web-based learning system in a training program. This study also examines the interactions in an e-learning platform in order to explore the motivators and inhibitors of the knowledge sharing process involved.
On the wintertime low bias of Northern Hemisphere carbon monoxide in global model studies

The uncertainties in the global budget of carbon monoxide (CO) are assessed to explain causes for the long-standing issue of Northern Hemispheric wintertime underestimation of CO concentrations in global models. With a series of MOZART sensitivity simulations for the year 2008, the impacts from changing a variety of surface sources and sinks were analyzed. The model results were evaluated with monthly averages of surface station observations from the global CO monitoring network as well as with total columns observed from satellites and with vertical profiles from measurements on passenger aircraft. Our basic simulation using MACCity anthropogenic emissions underestimated Northern Hemispheric near-surface CO concentrations on average by more than 20 ppb from December to April with the largest bias over Europe of up to 75 ppb in January. An increase in global biomass burning or biogenic emissions of CO or volatile organic compounds (VOC) is not able to reduce the annual course of the model bias and yields too high concentrations over the Southern Hemisphere. Raising global annual anthropogenic emissions results in overestimations of surface concentrations in most regions all-year-round. Instead, our results indicate that anthropogenic emissions in the MACCity inventory are too low for the industrialized countries during winter and spring. Thus we found it necessary to adjust emissions seasonally with regionally varying scaling factors. Moreover, exchanging the original resistance-type dry deposition scheme with a parameterization for CO uptake by oxidation from soil bacteria and microbes reduced the boreal winter dry deposition fluxes and could partly correct for the model bias. When combining the modified dry deposition scheme with increased wintertime road traffic emissions over Europe and North America (factors up to 4.5 and 2, respectively) we were able to optimize the match to surface observations and to reduce the model bias significantly with respect to the satellite and aircraft observations. A reason for the apparent underestimation of emissions may be an exaggerated downward trend in the RCP8.5 scenario in these regions between 2000 and 2010, as this scenario was used to extrapolate the MACCity emissions from their base year 2000. This factor is potentially amplified by a lack of knowledge about the seasonality of emissions. A methane lifetime of 9.7 yr for our basic model and 9.8 yr for the optimized simulation agrees well with current estimates of global OH, but we cannot exclude a potential effect from errors in the geographical and seasonal distribution of OH concentrations. Finally, underestimated emissions from anthropogenic VOCs can also account for a small part of the missing CO concentrations.
The Moderating Effects of Growth Opportunities on the Relationship between Capital Structure and Dividend Policy and Ownership Structure with Firm Value in Iran: Case Study of Tehran Securities Exchange

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of growth opportunities on the relationship between Financial Decisions (capital structure and dividend policy) and Ownership Structure with Firm Value for firms listed in Tehran Securities Exchange. Totally, 120 firms were selected for sample and their data for five year (2007-2011) were extracted from their financial statements using software Tadbir Pardaz. In order to estimate models, software Eviews was used. Before data analysis, variable reliability test and Chow and Haussman tests were used in order to determine the model suitable for estimation of parameters and effect of independent variables on dependent ones. Then research hypotheses were tested using combined data and fixed effect model. Finally the results of data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between capital structure (leverage) and dividend and firm value which in the case of presence of growth opportunities, this relationship was negative and significant but in the case of absence of it, that was positive and significant. Also results showed that there was a non-linear and significant relationship between ownership structure and firm value and that growth opportunities exerted a significant effect on this relationship.
ANÁLISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD DE UN MODELO DINÁMICO DE CRECIMIENTO PARA LECHUGAS (Lactuca sativa L.) CULTIVADAS EN INVERNADERO SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A DYNAMIC GROWTH MODEL FOR GREENHOUSE GROWN LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.)

The objective of this study was to carry out a sensitivity analysis of the NICOLET B3 dynamic model of lettuce growth. Data collected from a lettuce growth experiment in a greenhouse in Chapingo, Mexico, were used. The model input variables were temperature, CO2 and photosynthetic active radiation sampled every 15 min. Also used were non-correlated independent data (white noise) for the input variables. The sensitivity analysis of the NICOLET B3 model showed that three parameters, maintenance respiration coefficient, radiation extinction coefficient through the canopy, and uninhibited growth rate coefficient of the closed canopy, have a major effect on the model’s performance since the state variables, carbon content in vacuoles and carbon content in the structure, had the sensitivity function with the highest values. Similar performance was observed for the model output variable dry weight.
Citation: Scott, Jonathan and Irwin, D. (2009) Discouraged advisees? The influence of gender, ethnicity, and education in the use of advice and finance by UK SMEs. Environment

This paper investigates the influence of gender, ethnicity and education in the use of external advice and finance by UK small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A conceptual model of „discouraged advisees‟ was developed as a framework for analysis of the results of a telephone survey of 400 SMEs. We found an association between the use of external advice and the ability to raise bank finance. Furthermore, both men and black and minority ethnic (BME) participants were more likely to use family and friends for advice, whilst women were twice as likely as men to use Business Link. BME business owners were discouraged from using less „trusted‟ sources, such as Business Link, possibly believing them insufficiently tailored or that they would provide inappropriate advice. Therefore, the findings provide support for our conceptual model of discouraged advisees and have implications for the provision of advice for business owners from BME communities.
Atomic data on inelastic processes in low-energy beryllium-hydrogen collisions

Aims. Inelastic processes in low-energy Be + H and Be + + H − collisions are treated for the states from the ground and up to the ionic state with the aim to provide rate coefficients needed for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modeling of beryllium spectra in cool stellar atmospheres. Methods. The electronic molecular structure is determined by using a recently proposed model quantum approach that is based on an asymptotic method. Nonadiabatic nuclear dynamics is treated by means of multichannel formulas, based on the Landau-Zener model for nonadiabatic transition probabilities. Results. The cross sections and the rate coefficients for inelastic processes in Be + H and Be + + H − collisions are calculated for all transitions between 13 low-lying covalent states plus the ionic state. It is shown that the highest rate coefficient values correspond to the mutual neutralization processes with the final states Be(2s3s 1 S), Be(2s3p 1,3 P), Be(2s3d 3 D). These processes, as well as some of the excitation, de-excitation and ion-pair formation processes, are likely to be important for non-LTE modeling.