Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyponatremia and mortality: how innocent is the bystander?

For those who are not electrolyte enthusiasts, hyponatremia can be a frustrating disorder. Dealing with hyponatremia means considering various and often opposite scenarios. Does the patient have hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic hyponatremia? Is it acute or chronic? Symptomatic or asymptomatic
Health related quality of life in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity bone tumors

Dramatic increases in survival rates have led to increased interest regarding the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescent and young adult survivors of bone tumors. This study investigated HRQOL and physical disability in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity bone tumors as a function of type of surgical intervention, gender, and age at assessment.
Difficult patient encounters in the ambulatory clinic: clinical predictors and outcomes.

BACKGROUND One sixth of patient encounters are perceived as difficult by clinicians. Our goal was to assess clinical predictors and outcomes from such encounters. METHODS Five hundred adults presenting to a primary care walk-in clinic with a physical symptom completed surveys before the visit, immediately after the visit, at 2 weeks, and at 3 months. Patient measurements included mental disorders (PRIME-MD), functional status (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey [SF-6]), satisfaction (RAND 9-item survey), symptom resolution, visit costs, previsit and residual expectations of care, and health services utilization. Measurements from the 38 participating clinicians included the Physician's Belief Scale and physician perception of encounter difficulty (Difficult Doctor-Patient Relationship Questionnaire). RESULTS Seventy-four patient encounters (15%) were rated as difficult. Patients in such encounters were more likely to have a mental disorder (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.4), more than 5 somatic symptoms (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.8), and more severe symptoms (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.3). Difficult-encounter patients had poorer functional status, more unmet expectations (P=.005), less satisfaction with care (P=.03), and higher use of health services (P<.001). Clinicians with poorer psychosocial attitudes as reflected by higher scores on the Physician's Belief Scale experienced more encounters as being difficult (23% vs 8%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients presenting with physical symptoms who are perceived as difficult are more likely to have a depressive or anxiety disorder, poorer functional status, unmet expectations, reduced satisfaction, and greater use of health care services. Physicians with poorer psychosocial attitudes are more likely to experience encounters as difficult.
Clinical Results of Modular Polyethylene Insert Exchange with Retention of Total Knee Arthroplasty Components*

Background: Modular polyethylene inserts have enabled surgeons to perform an isolated tibial insert exchange while retaining well fixed components. The purpose of this study was to review the results of insert revision and to clarify the role of this option compared with that of revision total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Fifty-six patients (sixty-three knees) were managed with revision of a tibial polyethylene insert and retention of well aligned and stable femoral and tibial components. The implants had been in situ for an average of fifty-nine months (range, two to 108 months) at the time of the insert exchange. The inserts that were removed at the time of exchange were evaluated with regard to wear of the articular surface according to the classification system of Hood et al. and with regard to undersurface wear according to the method described by Wasielewski et al. Forty-eight knees were followed for an average of 7.4 years (range, 3.0 to 12.2 years) after the insert exchange. Knees that did not require an additional operation were considered to have had a successful exchange. Results: Seven of the forty-eight exchanges failed, at an average of fifty-four months, because of accelerated wear of the new insert. All seven knees required complete revision of all components. Of the twenty-two exchanges that were performed because of severe wear of the primary insert, six (27 percent) failed at an average of less than five years; thus, knees in which the exchange was performed because of advanced wear were more likely to fail again (p < 0.05). In addition, primary inserts that were removed from knees in which the exchange procedure subsequently failed had higher delamination scores than those that were removed from knees in which the exchange was successful (p < 0.05). Most of the primary inserts had substantial undersurface wear at the time of the exchange procedure. Metallosis (thirty knees) and osteolysis (nineteen knees) were unrelated to failure of the exchange. Conclusions: An isolated revision of the tibial polyethylene insert should not be performed when there is accelerated wear of the insert with severe delamination and grade-3 or 4 undersurface wear within ten years after the primary procedure. Because a variety of patient-related, implant-related, and technical factors influence polyethylene wear, the orthopaedist must consider multiple variables whenever contemplating a limited revision.
Actions of substance P on rat spinal dorsal horn neurones.

The membrane actions of substance P (SP) and the effects on the Ca‐dependent action potential of dorsal horn neurones have been investigated by means of intracellular recording techniques in the immature rat in vitro spinal cord slice preparation. Bath application of SP (2 X 10(‐6) to 1 X 10(‐5) M) induced a biphasic membrane response consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization in about one‐third of the cells examined. Initial hyperpolarization was not observed when synaptic activity was blocked by perfusing the slice with a tetrodotoxin‐containing or low Ca, high Mg Ringer solution. This result is consistent with a presynaptic action of SP mediated through excitation of inhibitory interneurones. This interpretation was supported by recording of repetitive spontaneous inhibitory post‐synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.)‐like hyperpolarizing potentials during the initial hyperpolarization. When Co ions were used to block voltage‐dependent Ca conductance and possible indirect presynaptic actions, SP induced only a small depolarization of membrane potential. It seems, therefore, that Ca conductance may have contributed to the depolarizing phase of the SP response, either through its mediation of synaptic transmission or through direct effects as a charge carrier for inward current. When tetrodotoxin was used, the SP‐induced increase in neuronal input resistance was not modified, although depolarization was slightly diminished. In contrast, in medium containing tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium, the SP‐depolarizing response was enhanced and accompanied by a small decrease in input resistance and firing of Ca spikes. These results suggest that SP‐induced depolarization might be a consequence of a reduction in a voltage‐dependent K conductance allowing Na and/or Ca conductances to dominate. SP modified the duration of Ca‐dependent action potentials of dorsal horn neurones, the most consistent change being an initial dose‐dependent and reversible decrease in the spike duration. The decrease in Ca spike duration was associated with a small reduction in the rate of rise and peak amplitude, and a significant parallel increase in dV/dt of the falling phase of the Ca spike. Our data indicate that the initial decrease in Ca spike duration was not due to the depolarizing action of SP, although shunting of the membrane resistance, either through presynaptic or post‐synaptic mechanisms, has not been ruled out. Alternatively, these data are consistent with the possibility that SP shortens the duration of the Ca spike by decreasing a voltage‐sensitive inward Ca current and/or augmenting an outward K current. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease in algerians. II. Ultrastructural studies in alpha‐chain disease

The plasma cell infiltrate of the small intestine in alpha‐chain disease has been studied ultrastructurally in an attempt to determine whether there is a significant nuclear‐cytoplasmic asychrony that could be used as evidence for the neoplastic nature of the disease, even in its early stages. No such asynchrony was identified. In the early stages of the disease, the infiltrate was mainly of slightly immature plasma cells indistinguishable from those of coeliac disease. Later stages were marked by the presence of less differentiated immunoblastic cells arising in the deep mucosa and infiltrating into glands. Multinucleate plasmacytoid cells were thought to be degenerate cells. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the nature of alpha‐chain disease and immunoproliferative small intestinal disease in general.
Soft-tissue cephalometric norms for the Lambada population in Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh.

INTRODUCTION Facial contours were traditionally considered to be the result of positioning of underlying hard tissue followed by the soft tissue. However, current trend shows a paradigm shift from the conventional hard tissue analysis to also include both hard- and soft-tissue analysis. The objective of our study was to determine the soft-tissue cephalometric norms for the Lambada population, to define gender differences and to correlate the variables, skeletal convexity (SC), and H angle (HA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty subjects of Lambada ethnic group between 18 and 26 years old, grouped into 25 males and 25 females were taken. Their lateral cephalograms were obtained and analyzed using Holdaway's analysis. Descriptive statistics and the student's t-test were used. RESULTS Soft-tissue facial angle (SFA), superior sulcus depth (SSD), lower lip to H line (LL-H), and soft-tissue subnasale to H line (S-H) were well within the range given by Holdaway. The variable, lip strain showed that the upper denture is protrusive (P<0.001). Skeletal convexity and HA were significantly correlated in the female sample. HA revealed that a slightly more protrusive profile was acceptable for this ethnic group. CONCLUSION Although established Caucasian norms are applicable to the Lambada ethnic tribe, few parameters like basic upper lip thickness (ULT) and upper lip strain (ULS), skeletal convexity, inferior sulcus to H line (LS-H) were significantly different. The male group exhibited straighter profile, thicker lips, prominent nose, deep mentolabial sulcus, and a prominent chin than females. The differences could be considered in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic practice and for orthognathic surgery.
Morphological and functional differentiation in the lumbar spine of lorisids and galagids

The striking contrast in positional behavior exhibited by lorisids (slow quadrupedalism/suspension) and galagids (leaping/quadrupedalism) is well reflected in their postcranial morphology, particularly in the limbs. Although they exhibit very different spinal postures and movements, vertebral adaptations have been less well explored in these taxa. This study addressed morphological and functional differentiation in the lumbar vertebrae of four species of lorisids and five species of galagids. Linear and angular measurements of lumbar vertebrae were compared among taxa using canonical variates analysis (CVA) in conjunction with pairwise comparisons among selected variables. The results were interpreted in the context of a broader comparative sample, including the addition of indriids to the CVA. Compared to galagids, lorisids have relatively shorter lumbar spinous processes that are more perpendicularly (to caudally) oriented relative to a coronal plane. Lorisids also have relatively wider laminae and more transversely oriented prezygapophyses. These features promote lumbar stability and reflect antipronogrady, multiplane spinal movements, and upside‐down suspension. Within lorisids, vertebral body length and height vary with body size, reflecting the additional resistance to bending that is required for larger body sizes. Galagid lumbar shape is influenced by body size, but does not show strong variation in accordance with positional behavior differences as defined here. Galagids, indriids, and lorisids are distinct in lumbar morphology and function, but their similarities in lumbar length reduction are suggestive of antipronograde postures in the common ancestor of the galagids, including those who have shifted to a more quadrupedal locomotor repertoire. Am. J. Primatol. 69:86–102, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights into the recruitment of the NMD machinery from the crystal structure of a core EJC-UPF3b complex.

In mammals, Up-frameshift proteins (UPFs) form a surveillance complex that interacts with the exon junction complex (EJC) to elicit nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). UPF3b is the component of the surveillance complex that bridges the interaction with the EJC. Here, we report the 3.4 Å resolution crystal structure of a minimal UPF3b-EJC assembly, consisting of the interacting domains of five proteins (UPF3b, MAGO, Y14, eIF4AIII, and Barentsz) together with RNA and adenylyl-imidodiphosphate. Human UPF3b binds with the C-terminal domain stretched over a composite surface formed by eIF4AIII, MAGO, and Y14. Residues that affect NMD when mutated are found at the core interacting surfaces, whereas differences between UPF3b and UPF3a map at peripheral interacting residues. Comparison with the binding mode of the protein PYM underscores how a common molecular surface of MAGO and Y14 recognizes different proteins acting at different times in the same pathway. The binding mode to eIF4AIII identifies a surface hot spot that is used by different DEAD-box proteins to recruit their regulators.
Virus genetic variability involvement in transmissibility of HIV-1 immune activation and disease progression

"Programa Ciencias sem fronteiras" Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) of Brazil, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (G.0692.14). RK was supported by IRO scholarship-KU Leuven.
Crucial Role of the 5′ Conserved Structure of Bamboo Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA in Downregulation of Helper Viral RNA Replication

ABSTRACT Satellite RNA of Bamboo mosaic virus (satBaMV), a single-stranded mRNA type satellite encoding a protein of 20 kDa (P20), depends on the helper BaMV for replication and encapsidation. Two satBaMV isolates, BSF4 and BSL6, exhibit distinctly differential phenotypes in Nicotiana benthamiana plants when coinoculated with BaMV RNA. BSL6 significantly reduces BaMV RNA replication and suppresses the BaMV-induced symptoms, whereas BSF4 does not. By studies with chimeric satBaMVs generated by exchanging the components between BSF4 and BSL6, the genetic determinants responsible for the downregulation of BaMV replication and symptom expression were mapped at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of BSL6. The 5′ UTR of BSL6 alone is sufficient to diminish BaMV RNA replication when the 5′ UTR is inserted in cis into the BaMV expression vector or when coinoculation with mutants that block the synthesis of P20 protein takes place. Further, the 5′ UTR of natural satBaMV isolates contains one hypervariable (HV) region which folds into a conserved apical hairpin stem-loop (AHSL) structure (W. B. Yeh, Y. H. Hsu, H. C. Chen, and N. S. Lin, Virology 330:105-115, 2004). Interchanges of AHSL segment of HV regions between BSF4 and BSL6 led to the ability of chimeric satBaMV to interfere with BaMV replication and symptom expression. The conserved secondary structure within the HV region is a potent determinant of the downregulation of helper virus replication.
DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN RURAL GUNTUR DISTRICT

Nutritional status of sixty women, who were either marginal farmers or landless agricultural workers were assessed by diet survey, anthropometry and estimation of haemoglobin levels. Diet survey carried out by the 24 hour recall method revealed adequate intake of calories and protein but low intake of micronutrients. While intake of vitamin C and the B vitamins were poor, iron and vitamin A were grossly deficient in the diet. Anthropometry showed heights and weights close to the mean height and weight values of Indian women. Body mass index was 22.5, indicating the absence of chronic energy malnutrition. Screening for haemoglobin levels showed that on the whole 93.4% of the women suffered from anaemia. However, micro nutrient malnutrition or “Hidden hunger” was very common with all micro nutrients especially iron, vitamin A, vitamin C and some extent the B-complex vitamins being grossly deficient.
Three-dimensional antennal lobe atlas of male and female moths, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and glomerular representation of plant volatiles in females

SUMMARY Spatiotemporal odour coding is thought to be linked closely with the specific glomerular anatomy of the primary olfactory centre. In most insects the number of the glomeruli within the antennal lobe is limited to fewer than 100, allowing their individual identification. In the grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, a map of the antennal lobe glomeruli was reconstructed three-dimensionally, by comparing three different brains in males and females. The map of the antennal lobe of females served then as a basis to identify glomeruli containing dendritic arborisations of 14 physiologically characterised projection neurons. Projection neurons responding to the same plant compound did not always arborise in the same glomerulus and some neurons arborising in the same glomerulus responded to different compounds. Different zones of target glomeruli were, however, identified when pooling all neurons responding to one of two different compounds respectively (α-farnesene and nonatriene). All identified glomeruli of specifically responding projection neurons were situated close to the anterior surface of the antennal lobe. One broadly responding projection neuron arborised in a more posteriorly situated glomerulus. A local interneuron responding to only one compound was arborising densely in a neighbouring glomerulus and had sparse branches in all other glomeruli. These results are discussed with respect to plant odour processing and structure-function relations in antennal lobe neurons. The 3D AL atlas will, in the future, also be used to obtain a better understanding of coding mechanisms of grapevine odours in this pest insect.
Front and back instability of a liquid film on a slightly inclined plate

We study the transverse instability of a liquid ridge on horizontal and inclined substrates using a film evolution equation based on a long wave approximation. The equation incorporates an additional pressure term—the disjoining pressure—accounting for the effective interaction of the film with the substrate. On a horizontal substrate the dominant instability mode is varicose, but may turn into a zigzag mode on a slightly inclined substrate depending on the inclination angle and the ridge volume. For larger angles or volumes the instabilities at the front and back decouple. The linear stability properties of a one-dimensional transverse ridgelike state are studied in detail, and an energy analysis is used to demonstrate that the disjoining pressure provides the dominant instability mechanism at both the front and the back, while the body force is responsible for the main differences between these two instabilities. An amplitude equation for the time evolution of perturbations with small transverse wave nu.
Regulation of Leukocyte Degranulation by cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase: Potential Roles in Phosphorylation of Target Membrane SNARE Complex Proteins in Rat Mast Cells1

We examined the roles of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and PI3K in degranulation induced by fMLF and by FcεRI cross-linking. In rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells expressing formyl peptide receptor, the PKG inhibitors KT5823 and Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMP, as well as the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, reduced agonist-stimulated β-hexosaminidase release in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitors also abolished vesicular fusion with the plasma membrane, as evidenced by diminished annexin V staining. Agonist-induced degranulation was completely blocked when LY294002 was applied together with one of the PKG inhibitors, suggesting an additive and possibly synergistic effect. In contrast, the PKG inhibitors did not affect fMLF-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and Akt phosphorylation. Likewise, LY294002 did not alter fMLF-induced elevation of intracellular cGMP concentration, and the inhibitory effect of LY294002 was not reversed by a cell-permeable analog of cGMP. Treatment with fMLF induced phosphorylation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein (SNAP)-23, syntaxins 2, 4, and 6, and Monc18-3. The induced phosphorylation of SNAP-23 and syntaxins 2 and 4 was blocked by Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMP and LY294002. However, LY294002 was less effective in inhibiting Munc18-3 phosphorylation. The induced phosphorylation of syntaxin 6 was not effectively blocked by either Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMP or LY294002. Treatment of human neutrophils with the PKG inhibitors and LY294002 reduced enzyme release from primary, secondary, and tertiary granules. These results suggest that PKG and PI3K are involved in degranulation, possibly through phosphorylation of target membrane SNAP receptor proteins and their binding proteins.
Modeling of Holey Fiber Tapers With Selective Transmission for Sensor Applications

The theoretical modeling of large-mode-area silica holey fiber tapers with collapsed air holes that are fabricated with a nonadiabatic process is reported. The transmission spectra of such tapers exhibit multiple interference peaks due to the beating between two modes of the taper waist. The devices investigated here can be useful for a variety of sensor applications since the interference peaks are sensitive to the external environment. Our theoretical model confirms the experimental results
The Relationship between GLOBE ’ s Future Orientation Cultural Dimension and Servant Leadership Endorsement

Understanding cultural nuances, practices, and dimensions in today’s ever globalizing world is a key competency for today’s organizational leaders and those of the future. In an attempt to build upon the knowledge already presented the literature regarding cross-cultural interaction and multicultural leadership competencies, this model paper explores the cultural dimension termed future orientation that is used in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) project and its relationship to and effect on followers’ reception of servant leadership behaviors. Future orientation is defined by House et al. (1999) as “the degree to which individuals in organizations or societies engage in future-oriented behaviors such as planning, investing in the future, and delaying gratification. ” The distinctive, central focus and base of servant leadership behaviors, as explained by Liden, Wayne, Zhao, and Henderson (2008) and Fields and Winston (2010), is serving the needs of followers. Based on a comparison of the conceptual theories and empirical findings from the GLOBE study and the literature on servant leadership, this model paper makes two hypotheses: a) employees from cultures that value high future orientation will highly value servant leadership behaviors exhibited by leaders; and b) employees from cultures that hold a lesser value of future orientation will value servant leadership behaviors exhibited by leaders less than employees from cultures with a high future orientation.