Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of coastal flooding and associated hydrodynamic processes on the south-eastern coast of Mexico, during Central American cold surge events

Abstract. Coastal flooding in the northern Yucatán Peninsula is mainly associated with storm surge events triggered by high-pressure cold front systems. This study evaluates the hydrodynamic processes of the Chelem lagoon, Mexico and the flooding threat from cold fronts for the neighbouring town of Progreso. A 30-year water-level hindcast (excluding wave set-up) was performed because of the lack of long-term tide gauge records. In order to assess the relative contribution from wave set-up and residual and astronomical tides to total flooding, the two worst storm scenarios in terms of maximum residual tide (Event A) and maximum water level (Event B) were simulated. Numerical results suggest that during Event A the wave set-up contribution reaches 0.35 at the coast and 0.17 m inside the lagoon, and these values are smaller for Event B (0.30 and 0.14 m, respectively). Results of the effect of the tidal phase on wave set-up and residual sea level show that (i) the wave set-up contribution increases during ebb tide and decreases during flood tide at the Chelem inlet, (ii) the residual tide is larger (smaller) near low (high) or receding (rising) tide, and (iii) maximum flooding occurs when the storm peak coincides with rising or high tide. The numerical results confirm the important role of wave set-up on the assessment of coastal flooding in micro-tidal coastal environments.
Educational Homogamy: Preferences or Opportunities?

Individuals match on length and type of education. We investigate whether the systematic relationship between educations of partners is explained by opportunities (e.g. low search frictions) or preferences (e.g. complementarities in household production or portfolio optimization). We find that half of the systematic sorting on education is due to low search frictions in marriage markets of the educational institutions. The other half is attributed to complementarities in household production, since income properties of the joint income process show no influence on partner selection.
RESURGENCE DURING TREATMENT CHALLENGES RESURGIMIENTO DE LA CONDUCTA DURANTE LOS DESAFÍOS DEL TRATAMIENTO

Two experiments assessed resurgence during differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (dra) implemented with two types of treatment challenges: reduced reinforcement rate for the alternative response and discontinuation of reinforcement for the alternative response. Experiment 1 involved a human-operant preparation with three participants to compare response rates across four conditions: baseline, in which a target response was reinforced; dra, in which the target response was placed on extinction and an alternative response was reinforced; dra omission errors, in which some earned reinforcers were not delivered, and extinction, in which reinforcers were not delivered. Resurgence occurred during dra omission errors and extinction; however, response rates were higher during extinction. Experiment 2 replicated the procedure and results of the first experiment, but it took place during treatment of a child diagnosed with autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
GENERIC STATUS OF THE AMERICAN PIPISTRELLES (VESPERTILIONIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS

Abstract Although traditionally placed in the genus Pipistrellus, studies since the mid-1900s have shown that the western pipistrelle (P. hesperus) and eastern pipistrelle (P. subflavus), the only 2 representatives of Pipistrellus-like bats in the Western Hemisphere, do not share a most recent common ancestry with true Pipistrellus or each other. More than 20 years ago, authors recommended taxonomic revision for the American pipistrelles by placing subflavus in a separate genus called Perimyotis, and hesperus in a another separate genus called “Parastrellus. ” Recently, a comprehensive study of the molecular phylogenetics of vespertilionid bats affirmed these suggested revisions. However, the name “Parastrellus” is currently unavailable according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature because no formal description of the genus has been provided. In this study, we provide additional morphological and genetic data demonstrating the marked divergence among hesperus, subflavus, Pipistrellus, and other Pipistrellus-like genera, and provide a formal description of a new generic name for the nominal species P. hesperus.
Exploration of the influence of environmental conditions on secondary organic aerosol formation and organic species properties using explicit simulations: development of the VBS-GECKO parameterization

Abstract. Atmospheric chambers have been widely used to study secondary organic aerosol (SOA) properties and formation from various precursors under different controlled environmental conditions and to develop parameterization to represent SOA formation in chemical transport models (CTMs). Chamber experiments are however limited in number, performed under conditions that differ from the atmosphere and can be subject to potential artefacts from chamber walls. Here, the Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO-A) modelling tool has been used in a box model under various environmental conditions to (i) explore the sensitivity of SOA formation and properties to changes on physical and chemical conditions and (ii) develop a volatility basis set (VBS)-type parameterization. The set of parent hydrocarbons includes n-alkanes and 1-alkenes with 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 carbon atoms, α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene. Simulated SOA yields and their dependences on the precursor structure, organic aerosol load, temperature and NOx levels are consistent with the literature. GECKO-A was used to explore the distribution of molar mass, vaporization enthalpy, OH reaction rate and Henry's law coefficient of the millions of secondary organic compounds formed during the oxidation of the different precursors and under various conditions. From these explicit simulations, a VBS-GECKO parameterization designed to be implemented in 3-D air quality models has been tuned to represent SOA formation from the 18 precursors using GECKO-A as a reference. In evaluating the ability of VBS-GECKO to capture the temporal evolution of SOA mass, the mean relative error is less than 20 % compared to GECKO-A. The optimization procedure has been automated to facilitate the update of the VBS-GECKO on the basis of the future GECKO-A versions, its extension to other precursors and/or its modification to carry additional information.
Accounting Restatements

This study investigates a large sample of financial statement restatements over the period 1986-2001, and compares restatements caused by changes in accounting principles to those caused by errors. Typically, investors perceive restatements as negative signals due to three potential reasons: (a) the restatement indicates problems with the accounting system that may be manifestations of broader operational (and managerial) problems, (b) the restatement causes downward revisions in future cash flows expectations, and (c) the restatement indicates managerial attempts to cover up income decline through “cooking the books. ” We provide evidence that market reactions to restatements due to errors are generally negative. We show that these restatements come in periods of declining profits and lower profits than industry peers for the restating firms, consistent with both opportunistic managerial behavior and operational problems. However, investors' reactions to income-increasing restatements due to errors are not different from zero, suggesting that the perceived failure of the accounting system is just offset by the upward revisions in future cash flow expectations in these cases of income-increasing errors. Thus, our combined results show that not all restatements are alike; users of the information need to carefully assess the existence and potential effects of the three factors that typically cause the downward revisions in stock prices on a case by case basis.
A quantitative study of O stars in NGC 2244 and the Monoceros OB2 association

Aims. Our goal is to determine the stellar and wind properties of seven O stars in the cluster NGC 2244 and three O stars in the OB association Mon OB2. These properties give us insight into the mass loss rates of O stars. They allow us to both check the validity of rotational mixing in massive stars and to better understand the effects of the ionizing flux and wind mechanical energy release on the surrounding interstellar medium and its influence on triggered star formation. Methods. We collected optical and UV spectra of the target stars that we analyzed by means of atmosphere models computed with the code CMFGEN. The spectra of binary stars were disentangled and the components studied separately. Results. All stars have an evolutionary age less than 5 million years, with the most massive stars being among the youngest. Nitrogen surface abundances show no clear relation with projected rotational velocities. Binaries and single stars show the same range of enrichment. This is attributed to the youth and/or wide separation of the binary systems in which the components have not (yet) experienced strong interaction. A clear trend toward greater enrichment in higher luminosity objects is observed, consistent with what evolutionary models with rotation predict for a population of O stars at any given age. We confirm the weakness of winds in late O dwarfs. In general, mass loss rates derived from UV lines are lower than mass loss rates obtained from Hα. The UV mass loss rates are even lower than the single-line driving limit in the latest type dwarfs. These issues are discussed in the context of the structure of massive stars winds. The evolutionary and spectroscopic masses are in agreement above 25 M� , but the uncertainties are large. Below this threshold, the few late-type O stars studied here indicate that the mass discrepancy still seems to hold.
The Effect of Environmental Parameters on the Corrosion Behavior of Simple Shear Extruded AZ91 Magnesium Alloys

In this study, the effects of forming method (extrusion) and environmental factors (solution pH and temperature) on the corrosion performance of AZ91 magnesium alloys were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and salt spray techniques. The polarization test results of the specimens showed that simple shear extrusion (SSE) process have adverse effect on the samples corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and corrosion current densities increased by increasing temperature/ decreasing pH of the solution. Moreover, the EIS test results showed that the increase in temperature or acidity of the solution led to decrease in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) at the electrode/solution interface for both as-cast and SSEed samples. In addition, the weight loss measurements, based on the salt spray test results, revealed that normally extruded samples have better corrosion performance than as-cast and SSEed ones which is in accordance with the electrochemical test results.
Which Firms Create the Most Jobs in Developing Countries ? Evidence from Africa July , 2013

This paper examines private sector job creation in Tunisia over the period 1996-2010 using a unique database containing information on all registered private enterprises, including selfemployment. Overall net job creation by firms was disappointing and the firm-size distribution became increasingly right skewed, with 2 out of every 5 net new jobs being in one-person firms (self-employment). The increasing importance of small-scale employment reflects the contributions of new firms and the fact that most entrants start small. Post-entry, however, small firms are the worst performers in terms of job creation, even if they survive; there is no “up-or-out” dynamic as is the case in the U.S. Instead we observe structural stagnation; mobility is extremely limited, with very few firms managing to grow. Moreover, the link between productivity, profitability and job creation is very weak, pointing towards severe weaknesses in the re-allocative process. A simple simulation exercise suggests that if pre-revolution trends continue unabated, by 2025, 90% of firms will be oneperson enterprises and 42% of all formal jobs will be in the form of self-employment. The World Bank + Institut National de La Statistique, Tunisia Disclaimer; the views presented in this paper are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Tunisian Institut National de la Statistique, the World Bank, its Executive Countries or the countries they represent.
Selecting flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, for survival against the parasite Bonamia ostreae : assessment of the resistance of a first selected generation

In 1989, a selected strain of flat oyster. Ostrea edulis, was produced from breeders that survived Bonamia ostreae and that were over selected by injection of purified parasites. This generation (G 1) was compared to native oysters which had settled during the same year. After a growing period of 21 months, the oysters were tested according to three procedures: exposure to natural infection in an intertidal area, maintenance at the laboratory in tanks near heavily infested oysters, injection of parasites. The test lasted 7 months. In each procedure, oysters of the first generation (G1) showed a better survival rate than control oysters (72 to 94% versus 48 to 66%). On the other hand, the highest mortalities were observed among injected oysters (G1 and controls). In the laboratory tests, however, infestation rates of surviving oysters were equal or even higher in Gl than in the controls. This reduces the gain of resistance, regarding the number of non infested survivors. Neverthe1ess, the difference remains significant between oysters over selected by inoculation and their controls (49% versus 32%). This confirms that the injection technique may provide faster assessment of disease resistance and also may be used for over selection. Survivors of the over selected first generation have been kept to produce a second generation (G2).
Downtown, strip centers, and big-box stores: Mode choice by shopping destination type in Davis, California

Growing concerns about climate change and traffic congestion are motivating policymakers to find ways to encourage sustainable travel options. In the United States, where 88 percent of shopping trips are made by car, research identifying the factors that influence shopping mode choice can provide insight into ways to divert some of these trips to more sustainable alternatives. This paper aims to better explain the relationship between the built environment and shopping mode choice by examining how mode choice differs for the same individual across three different types of shopping destinations—downtown, strip center, and big box—in Davis, California. We conducted two cross-sectional online surveys in 2009 and 2010 with a total of 2043 respondents that asked questions about recent shopping. To understand the factors influencing mode choice at these three shopping destination types, we estimate binary logit models for choosing to use an active travel mode (bike or walk) to shop. Our results suggest that while distinct factors influence mode choice at the different destination types, simple infrastructure changes to the destination are not enough to encourage mode shift. Distance to shopping destinations and enjoying bicycling are the primary determinants of choosing active travel modes, while socio-demographic characteristics play a smaller role.
Maximum loads on shores during the construction of buildings

This paper describes a simplified method of estimating maximum loads on shores during the construction of multistorey buildings with in situ casting. Calculating this maximum value is fundamental to establish the design load of the shores and thus avoid possible safety problems caused by selecting the wrong type of shore. The procedure was verified and showed a good fit with both the experimental measurements and finite-element method calculations. This simplified procedure will be useful to both researchers and practitioners, who have to deal with this problem in the course of their daily work. The proposal also represents an important technology transfer to the industry as it is in the form of a simplified tool that comes fairly close to the results obtained by complex calculation methods. Actually, the maximum load obtained from the simplified method is 20·72 kN, which is very close to the value 21·37 kN obtained from an advanced finite-element model.
Exploring Teacher Written Feedback and Student Revisions on ESL Students’ Writing

Realising the importance of writing in ESL classrooms, teachers are keen in devising various strategies that can help students to improve their writing skill.However, due to constraints, such as, time constraint and large number of students to attend to, teachers often find it difficult to provide feedback on students’ written work. One of the ways that teachers can adopt in facilitating student revisions is through teacher written feedback.Past studies have shown that both teachers and students value teacher written feedback in the language classroom.This study investigates the effects of teacher written feedback on undergraduates’ writing in an English L2 classroom at Universiti Malaysia Perlis, a local university in Malaysia.This study explores the use of three types of feedback- suggestion, criticism, and praise and which type of feedback from these three encourages student revisions.Mixed-method research design is used to obtain the data for this study. The success of revisions is discussed in terms of length and overall improvement in the revised compositions. This study reveals that all types of teacher written feedback encourage student revisions.In addition, findings also show that criticism type of feedback results in more successful revisions as it is more specific.The questionnaire also proves that students have positive attitude towards teacher written feedback.
Honey roasted peanuts and roasted peanuts from Argentina: sensorial and chemical analyses

The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical and sensory aspects of Honey Roasted (HRP) and Roasted Peanuts (RP). These products were evaluated for sensory analysis: overall acceptance using a consumer test and a descriptive analysis using a trained panel. Percentages of protein, oil, carbohydrate and ash was analyzed in HRP and RP. The contents of carbohydrate, oil and protein in HRP were 28.22%, 45.56% and 21.06%, respectively. RP showed higher percentages of lipids and protein and lower percentages of carbohydrate content than HRP. The total energetic value was lower in HRP. Values of 8 (like very much) were chosen by a higher number of consumer panelist for HRP while values of 6 (like slightly) were found in a higher proportion for RP. The trained panel described 11 attributes: brown color, roughness, roasted peanutty, oxidized, cardboard, sweet, salty, bitter, sour, hardness and crunchiness. The roasted peanutty intensity in RP was higher than in HRP. The intensities of roughness, sweet and salty in HRP were higher than in RP.
Changes of emergent aquatic macrophyte cover in seven large boreal lakes in Finland with special reference to water level regulation

The latest studies on the development of aquatic vegetation in Finland have mainly focused on relatively small lakes. Research on emergent macrophytes in large lakes poses challenges as the habitats as well as the conditions of the lakes vary. Black and white aerial photographs from 1947–1963 and colour, mainly infrared aerial photographs from 1996–2000 were used to study quantitative vegetation changes in seven large (80–1116 km2) lakes in Finland: Kemijarvi, Unnukka, Kallavesi, Paijanne, Nasijarvi, Pyhajarvi and Vanajavesi. Vegetation changes were evaluated by comparing the situation before large-scale water level regulation and eutrophication to the current situation. Quantitative changes in emergent vegetation were frequently noticeable. Vegetation had decreased by 31–93% in three study lakes due to the mean water level rise and increased by 49–73% in three study lakes due to the spring flood reduction and suitable surrounding soils. The cover changes were in general relatively uniform between different study sites in each of the study lakes. The regulated and unregulated situations differed statistically from each other. The results point out the crucial impact of changing water levels and the significance of the surrounding soils to the cover of emergent aquatic vegetation.
Considering the effects of an imbalance between interpretation and intentionality in a creative arts curriculum

This paper highlights inadequacies of a creative arts curriculum that claimed to have been informed by postmodern theories, without careful consideration of how these might or should impact on teaching and learning interactions. In particular, the relationship between intentionality and interpretation addressed in this case study is of concern for educationalists in a postmodern world. At issue is how assessors’ interpretations are responsive to or balanced with student meaning making. Drawing from research conducted at a South African fine art department, the author considers whether a transfer of Barthes’ notion of author to student intentionality and reader to lecturer interpretation is a constructive framework for student learning. In the case studied, flat approaches to the post-structuralist ‘intentionality fallacy’ were found to further exacerbate unequal power dynamics, with detrimental effects on student learning. An argument is made for more ethically aware approaches to the balance between interpretation and intentionality by recognizing that it echoes the relationship between self and other.
THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDENTS

The researchers have mostly emphasized the epistemological beliefs which were considered as significant in learning process along with the desire to reveal the nature of learning. Epistemological belief is defined as the “individuals’ subjective beliefs about what information means and how knowing and learning occur”. It is a fact that the teachers’ epistemological beliefs have important effect on the students’ learning process. Teachers are the models for the students with both their patterns of behavior and learning approaches. The aim of this study was to determine the epistemological beliefs of the students attending to pre-school education and English language teaching departments in distance education, besides it was attempted to investigate these beliefs in terms of certain variables, namely, gender, department and grade that the students attend, and their academic achievement level, lastly the education level of their parents. The study was conducted through a descriptive method and 697 pre-service teachers composed the sampling of the study. To collect data, “Epistemological Belief Scale”, which was developed by Schommer (1990) and adapted to Turkish by Deryakulu and Buyukozturk (2002), was used. As a result, it was obtained that the epistemological beliefs of the students in distance education developed at low level. Additionally, it was found that the epistemological beliefs of the pre-service teachers differed in terms of gender, department, grade, academic achievement, education level of parents.