Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of patellofemoral pain on strength and mechanics after an exhaustive run.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of an exhaustive run on trunk and lower extremity strength and mechanics in patients with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP), we hypothesized that strength would decrease and mechanics would change after the exhaustive run. METHODS Nineteen subjects with PFP and 19 controls participated (10 men and 9 women per group). Lower extremity and trunk mechanics during running, body mass-normalized strength, and pain assessments before and after an exhaustive run were quantified. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess group differences and exhaustion-related changes (P < 0.05), with t-test post hoc analyses performed when significant interactions were identified (P < 0.0125). RESULTS Pain significantly increased with the exhaustive run in the PFP group (P = 0.021). Hip strength was reduced after the exhaustive run, more so in those with PFP (abduction: before = 0.384 ± 0.08, after = 0.314 ± 0.08, P < 0.001; external rotation: before = 0.113 ± 0.02, after = 0.090 ± 0.02, P < 0.001). Persons with PFP also demonstrated increased knee flexion (before = 41.6° ± 5.5°, after = 46.9° ± 7.5°, P < 0.001), hip flexion (before = 30.4° ± 6.8°, after = 42.5° ± 9.7°, P < 0.001), and anterior pelvic tilt (before = 7.2° ± 5.1°, after = 13.3° ± 6.7°, P = 0.001) after the exhaustive run compared to controls. Trunk flexion increased in both PFP (before = 13.09° ± 6.2°, after = 16.31° ± 5.3°, P < 0.001) and control (before = 1393° ± 4.7°, after = 15.99° ± 5.9°, P < 0.001) groups. Hip extension (before = -2.09 ± 0.49 N · m · kg(-1), after = -2.49 ± 0.54 N · m · kg(-1), P = 0.002) moments increased only in subjects with PFP. CONCLUSIONS Exhaustive running results in reduced hip strength in subjects with PFP; however, this did not result in changes to hip internal rotation or adduction kinematics. Kinematic and kinetic changes after the exhaustive run are more indicative of compensatory changes to reduce pain. Increasing trunk flexion during running might provide pain relief during running; however, reducing anterior pelvic tilt may also warrant attention during treatment.
beta-Lactamase-mediated inactivation and efficacy of cefazolin and cefmetazole in Staphylococcus aureus abscesses

12694668 Clinical reports and animal models have demonstrated that cefazolin may have decreased efficacy against some strains of Staphylococcus aureus because of type A beta-lactamase-mediated hydrolysis. We sought to measure biologically active cefazolin concentrations within abscesses with high concentrations of S. aureus and compare the concentrations with those of cefmetazole, a beta-lactamase-stable cephamycin. A type A beta-lactamase-producing strain of S. aureus with a demonstrated inoculum effect against cefazolin (MIC at an inoculum of 5 x 10(5) CFU/ml, 1.0 micrograms/ml; MIC at an inoculum of 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml, 32.0 micrograms/ml) but not cefmetazole (MICs at inocula of 5 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml, 2.0 micrograms/ml) was used. Cefazolin or cefmetazole (100 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h for 8 days) was administered to rabbits with infected tissue cages. No differences in the concentrations of the two drugs in the uninfected tissue cages were observed. Higher concentrations of cefmetazole than cefazolin were found in infected tissue cages at day 3 (5.9 +/- 0.7 versus 2.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml; P < 0.01), day 5 (9.1 +/- 2.6 versus 3.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml; P = 0.02), and day 8 (9.4 +/- 1.4 versus 4.8 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml; P = 0.01) after infection. Cefazolin and cefmetazole were equally effective in reducing the bacterial concentration in the abscess. In vitro experiments demonstrated greater cefazolin than cefmetazole degradation by S. aureus, but the differences were greater in serum than in abscess fluid supernatants. We conclude that abscess cefazolin concentrations are diminished by type A beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus, but this did not affect drug efficacy in this model.
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for myopic choroidal neovascularization

Myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a vision‐threatening complication in the eyes with pathological myopia, which is particularly prevalent among young and middle‐aged Asians globally. To date, the verteporfin in photodynamic therapy study is the only randomized‐controlled study in treatment of subfoveal myopic CNV. However, its long‐term benefit is controversial. Recently, intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors have shown promising results. In the absence of randomized‐controlled trial comparing the efficacy of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors with photodynamic therapy and placebo, the purpose of this article is to review the current studies on functional and anatomical outcomes in both subfoveal and juxtafoveal myopic CNV. Furthermore, the influences of various doses and frequencies, as well as age and previous photodynamic therapy treatment on its effect are described.
Multi-Rate Selection in ZigBee

ZigBee is a widely used wireless technology in low-power and short-range scenarios such as the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and industrial wireless networks. However, the traditional ZigBee supports only one data rate, 250 Kbps, which thoroughly limits ZigBee’s efficiency in dynamic wireless channels. In this paper, we propose Mrs. Z, a novel physical layer design to enable multi-rate selection in ZigBee with lightweight modification on the legacy ZigBee modules. The key idea is to change the single spectrum spreading length to multiple ones. Correspondingly, to support the rate adaptation to the channel variations, we propose a bit-error-based rate selection scheme, which predicts BER by leveraging the physical properties of ZigBee to calculate the confidence for each symbol in transmission. Then, the receiver selects the rate based on the negative impact on throughput incurred by bit errors and gives feedback to the transceiver. We implement Mrs. Z on USRPs and evaluate its performance in different scenarios. Experiment results demonstrate that Mrs. Z achieves about 1.15, 1.2, and 1.8 $\times$ average throughput compared to the classic smart pilot, softrate, and the traditional ZigBee.
In vitro steroidogenesis by primary to antral follicles in the hamster during the periovulatory period: effects of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin.

Hamster ovarian follicles at Stages 1 to 10 (Stages 1-4: follicles with 1-4 layers of granulosa cells (GC); Stages 5-7: 5-10 layers GC plus theca; Stages 8-10: antral follicles) were isolated on the morning of proestrus or estrus and incubated for 2 h in the absence or presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl), progesterone (P4), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), or androstenedione (A). Steroid accumulations in the media were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). On proestrus, without any hormonal stimulus, consistent accumulation of P4 through estradiol-17 beta (E2) occurred in low amounts only from Stage 6 and on; both FSH (5-25 ng) and LH (1-25 ng) significantly stimulated steroidogenesis by Stage 6-10 follicles, and the effects of FSH, except for Stage 10, were largely attributable to LH contamination. However, 25 ng FSH significantly stimulated A production by Stages 1-4, whereas 1-25 ng LH was ineffective. On estrus, follicles at all stages, especially 1-6, showed significant and dose-dependent increases in P4 production in response to FSH; both FSH and LH significantly stimulated P4 and 17OHP accumulation from Stage 5 onwards; however, there was no increase in A and E2 compared to controls. Even the smallest estrous follicles showed a shift to predominance of P4 accumulation. On proestrus, Prl had a negative influence on LH-induced accumulation of P4 and 17OHP by Stages 7-9 and 6-8, respectively, without affecting A or E2. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Men, Women, and Participatory Delivery Strategies for Selected Villagers in Northeast Mexico

The research study focused on exploring the relationships between gender roles and delivery strategies in two villages in northeastern Mexico. The researcher used qualitative research and participatory rural appraisal techniques to gather data over a three-month period. The researcher investigated the roles of men and women in agriculture and natural resources, and the level of importance of chosen delivery strategies according to gender and community. The roles of women in both communities are related to household tasks, the processing of agricultural products, and childcare, while those of men in both communities are associated with production agriculture, as well as with marketing agricultural products. Men and women in both communities favored hands-on delivery strategies that included a social component. The results of this study cannot be generalized, as they varied according to gender and community, but researchers and extension personnel may utilize participatory rural appraisal techniques employed in the study in other communities to determine culturally appropriate delivery strategies and extension topics, fostering greater functional success in extension programs.
Contractile elements in muscular fascial tissue – implications for in‐vitro contracture testing for malignant hyperthermia

Malignant hyperthermia is a dreaded complication of general anaesthesia. Predisposed individuals can be identified using the standardised caffeine/halothane in‐vitro contracture test on a surgically dissected skeletal muscle specimen. Skeletal muscle is composed of muscle fibres and interwoven fascial components. Several malignant hyperthermia‐associated neuromuscular diseases are associated with an altered connective tissue composition. We analysed adjacent fascial components of skeletal muscle histologically and physiologically. We investigated whether the fascial tissue is sensitive to electrical or pharmacological stimulation in a way similar to the in‐vitro contracture test for diagnosing malignant hyperthermia. Using immunohistochemical staining, α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive cells (myofibroblasts) were detected in the epi‐, endo‐ and perimysium of human fascial tissue. Force measurements on isolated fascial strips after pharmacological challenge with mepyramin revealed that myofascial tissue is actively regulated by myofibroblasts, thereby influencing the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle. Absence of electrical reactivity and insensitivity to caffeine and halothane suggests that, reassuringly, the malignant hyperthermia diagnostic in‐vitro contracture test is not influenced by the muscular fascial tissue.
Bone Mineral Density Correlation With Fractures in Nonambulatory Pediatric Patients

Although bone mineral density (BMD) as related to T score (comparison with young adult) is well correlated with fracture risk in adults, no such correlation has been confirmed in children. Quadriparetic children have lower BMD than age-matched controls, as well as a higher rate of fragility fracture. This study examines a cohort of children with quadriparesis and other nonambulatory children to correlate BMD with fragility fractures. We hypothesize that fracture in these children is related to BMD as correlated with patient size and that age comparison (Z-score) is less important. Review of all children with a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan from August 2003 to June 2005 identified 101 nonambulatory pediatric patients (excluding children with osteogenesis imperfecta or metabolic bone disease). Sixteen patients had insufficient data, leaving 85 patients, 26 of whom had experienced fragility fractures. Lateral femoral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan was performed on one or both legs, then regions were averaged. Data was evaluated for statistical correlation between BMD and body size as evidenced by body mass index (BMI). Other factors, including age, Z-score, and height and weight independently were secondarily evaluated for correlation with fracture risk. Correlation was demonstrated between history of fracture and BMD when related to BMI (P = 0.002). In conclusion, in these nonambulatory children, the combination of the BMD of the distal femur and BMI correlates well with occurrence of fragility fracture and may relate to fracture risk. This relationship is independent of the child's chronological age and Z-score. This information may be helpful prognostically to define a treatment algorithm for low bone density on a case-by-case basis.
Oligopoly Power in the Food Industries Revisited: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Since the late 1980s, the analysis of market power in the food industries has shifted from analyzing market concentration (structure) towards empirically measuring how far a market diverges from perfect competition (conduct). The New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO; usually offspring of the work of Appelbaum, 1982, or Bresnahan, 1982) has dominated the food economics literature on market power in the past 25 years (see Kaiser and Suzuki, 2006, for a summary of NEIO applications to food industries) and continues to do so (Cakir and Balagtas, 2012; Hovhannisyan and Gould, 2012; Cleary and Lopez, 2014). NEIO studies, in general, find a significant degree of oligopoly power in the food industries (Bhuyan and Lopez, 1997; Lopez, Azzam and Liron, 2002; Sheldon and Sperling, 2003). This study estimates mark-ups and oligopoly power for U.S. food industries using a stochastic frontier (SF; Kumbhakar, Baardsen and Lien, 2012; Baraigi and Azzam, 2014) approach, where mark-ups are treated as systematic deviations from a marginal cost pricing frontier. We apply the analysis to 36 U.S. food industries using NBER-CES Manufacturing Industry Database (2014), which covers a span of 31 years from 1979 to 2009. Empirical results show that all the food industries in the sample exercise at least some degree of oligopoly power, but most in a moderate manner. The estimated mean Lerner index is approximately 0.06, generally much lower than obtained using the conventional NEIO approaches. The SF model used provides a novel and promising framework to test and measure the degree of market power in agricultural and food markets.
Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The role of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (NST) in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is not well established. The authors report on long‐term experience with NST in relapsed/refractory CLL and define prognostic factors associated with outcome.
Redefining the biologic width in severe, generalized, chronic periodontitis: implications for therapy.

BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated significant variability in the histologic biologic width in periodontal health and mild periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the previously established dimensions of the biologic width applied to subjects with severe, generalized, chronic periodontitis. METHODS Twenty-eight subjects, aged 29 to 45 years, with severe, generalized, chronic periodontitis were included in the study. There were 18 males and 10 females, and 19 (68%) of the patients were smokers. Clinical and radiographic measures were taken by calibrated examiners. The clinical biologic width was determined from the most coronal level of clinical attachment to the crest of the alveolar bone for proximal surfaces only and compared to the histologic biologic width previously reported. RESULTS The clinical biologic width in subjects with severe, generalized periodontitis was significantly greater than previously reported (P <0.001). For all evaluable proximal sites, the mean clinical biologic width was 3.95 mm versus the mean histologic biologic width of 2.04 mm. The greatest clinical biologic widths were seen with pockets <2 mm (5.02 +/- 2.48 mm; range: 1.60 to 9.00 mm) and 2 to 4 mm (4.16 +/- 1.32 mm; range: 0.20 to 6.40 mm). CONCLUSIONS The mean clinical biologic width in subjects with severe, generalized, chronic periodontitis seemed to be significantly greater than the histologic biologic width previously reported for subjects not demonstrating significant periodontal pathology. In addition, sites with shallow probing depths demonstrated the greatest biologic width, suggesting that these sites may be at increased risk for losing clinically significant attachment during surgical procedures.
STUDI DESKRIPTIF NOMOPHOBIA PADA MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

Nomophobia atau No-Mobile-Phone-Phobia adalah kecemasan atau ketakutan dalam diri seseorang (Phobia Sosial). Ketergantungan terhadap smartphone ini menyebabkan kurangnya frekuensi interaksi sosial antara manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Nomophobia pada mahasiswa di UMM. Penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisa statistik deskriptif. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 367 mahasiswa dengan menggunakan skala NMP-Q sebagai alat ukur tentang Nomophobia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa UMM mengidap Nomophobia dengan kategori Tinggi di 3 dimensi dari 4 dimensi, yaitu dimensi not being able to communicate yang memiliki nilai mean sebesar 19,54. Kemudian dimensi not being able to access information dengan nilai mean sebesar 19,72. Serta dimensi giving up convenience memiliki nilai mean sebesar 24,98.
Alterations in height, weight, and body mass index of newborns, children, and young adults in eastern Germany after German reunification.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the socioeconomic changes occurring during the German reunification on anthropometric data of newborns, children, and young adults. Study design Data were drawn from different perinatal surveys and cross-sectional studies that were conducted in the newly formed German states before and after reunification (1984-2000). RESULTS The mean birth weight of newborns increased 151 g between 1984 and 1985 (n = 51,447) and 1997 (n = 83,052), whereas length increased by 0.2 cm. Among 7- to 10-year-old school children in the federal state of Saxonia between 1984 and 1985 (n = 2359) and 1999 and 2000 (n = 11,575), an increase of height by 1 to 2 cm and weight by 1.2 to 2.6 kg was observed. Average body mass index (BMI) increased by 0.7 to 0.9 kg/m(2). Among military recruits from Eastern Germany, an increase in weight and height was observed between 1985 and 1998. BMI values rose from 21.5 to 22.6 kg/m(2), and "centimeter weight" increased from 381 to 405 g/cm. CONCLUSION The results show that the change in socioeconomic conditions was associated with alteration in anthropometric measures within a short period. This may have been caused by changes in the nutrient supply and composition as well as reduced physical activity.
U4 small nuclear RNA dissociates from a yeast spliceosome and does not participate in the subsequent splicing reaction

U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs reside in a single ribonucleoprotein particle, and both are required for pre-mRNA splicing. The U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins join U1 and U2 on the pre-mRNA during spliceosome assembly. Binding of U4 is then destabilized prior to or concomitant with the 5' cleavage-ligation. In order to test the role of U4 RNA, we isolated a functional spliceosome by using extracts prepared from yeast cells carrying a temperature-sensitive allele of prp2 (rna2). The isolated prp2 delta spliceosome contains U2, U5, U6, and possibly also U1 and can be activated to splice the bound pre-mRNA. U4 RNA does not associate with the isolated spliceosomes and is shown not to be involved in the subsequent cleavage-ligation reactions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the role of U4 in pre-mRNA splicing is to deliver U6 to the spliceosome.
Association of Modic Changes, Schmorl's Nodes, Spondylolytic Defects, High-Intensity Zone Lesions, Disc Herniations, and Radial Tears With Low Back Symptom Severity Among Young Finnish Adults

Study Design. A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Objective. We investigated the association among Modic changes, Schmorl's nodes, spondylolytic defects, high-intensity zone lesions, radial tears, herniations, and low back symptom severity. Summary of Background Data. Disc degeneration is associated with low back pain in early adulthood, but the associations between other MRI findings and low back pain are not well known. Methods. Questionnaire data and MRI scans (1.5-T) were available for 554 subjects derived from a birth cohort at 21 years of age. Data on low back pain and back-related functional limitations at 18, 19, and 21 years of age were used for clustering of subjects, using latent class analysis. We used logistic regression with adjustment for the degree of disc degeneration to evaluate the associations between specific imaging findings and low back symptom severity. Results. The prevalence of herniations was 20%, Schmorl's nodes 17%, radial tears 9.9%, high-intensity zone lesions 3.2%, spondylolytic defects 5.8%, and Modic changes 0.7%. Latent class analysis produced 5 clusters: “Always Painful” (n = 65) meant painful at all time points and “Recent Onset Pain” (n = 56) meant increasing symptom severity, whereas subjects in the “Moderately Painful” (n = 73), “Minor Pain” (n = 193), and “No Pain” (n = 167) clusters had fewer symptoms. Compared with the “No Pain” cluster, Schmorl's nodes were more likely to occur in the “Always Painful” cluster (P = 0.017) and herniations in the 3 most painful clusters (P < 0.001). Herniations were associated with low back symptom severity (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–4.4). Schmorl's nodes and radial tears were associated with symptoms in crude analyses only, whereas high-intensity zone lesions and spondylolytic defects occurred in similar frequencies in all clusters. Conclusion. Herniations were most likely in the subjects with recent onset or persistent (3-yr period) low back symptoms, although they were also detected in subjects with no symptoms. The clinical relevance of herniations on MRI remains to be evaluated in the context of symptoms.