Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in the Tohoku District Based on Mitochondrial D-loop Sequences

The sika deer (Cervus nippon) once inhabited the entire Tohoku District, the northeastern part of the main island of Japan. Currently, they are isolated as three discontinuous populations on Mt. Goyo, the Oshika Peninsula, and Kinkazan Island. To assess the genetic diversity and relationships among the sika deer populations in the Tohoku District, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences from 177 individuals. We detected a total of five haplotypes. Three haplotypes were present in the population from Mt. Goyo at a haplotype diversity of 0.235 ± 0.061, two haplotypes in the population from the Oshika Peninsula at 0.171 ± 0.064, and only one haplotype was detected in the population from the Kinkazan Island. A significant genetic differentiation was observed among all population pairs. Collectively, our data supports the observed population bottlenecks in the past. Four of the five haplotypes were specific to one of the three populations, whereas only one haplotype was shared between the Mt. Goyo and the Oshika Peninsula populations. This common haplotype may indicate a common ancestral population in the Tohoku District. Conversely, the D-loop haplotypes were completely different among the Kinkazan Island and Oshika Peninsula populations. The lack of a shared haplotype indicates that female gene flow between the two populations is very limited and that the 0.6 km strait acts as a strong barrier.
Exploring Heterogeneity in Randomized Trials Via Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysis of clinical trials with heterogeneous results provides an opportunity to learn a great deal about variations in treatment effectiveness. Rather than computing a single summary estimate of a series of trials, it may be more informative to explore the effect that different study characteristics may make on treatment efficacy. Regression analysis offers a tool for these analyses. This paper outlines and applies hierarchical Bayesian models for this purpose, presenting two examples of meta-regression using summary data, in one of which results are compared with those from analysis of complete individual patient data. When covariates are not readily available, the event rate in the control group can become a surrogate covariate. An empirical study of 115 meta-analyses shows that this control rate is significantly correlated with the odds ratio about 15% of the time. This suggests that investigators should search for the causes of heterogeneity related to patient characteristics and treatment protocols to determine when treatment is most beneficial and that they should plan to study this heterogeneity in clinical trials.
Argatroban use in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious, life-threatening complication which occurs in 1 – 3% of patients receiving heparin. Patients with untreated HIT have an up to 50% risk of developing life- and limb-threatening thromboembolic complications. Treatment is based upon clinical suspicion, stopping heparin therapy and initiation of anticoagulation with a rapidly acting alternative non-heparin anticoagulant, such as argatroban – a hepatically excreted direct thrombin inhibitor which is effective in the treatment of HIT. Objective: To summarize the pharmacological and clinical data, and discuss the impact of argatroban in the current treatment of HIT. Methods: A literature search was performed with the aid of Pubmed and Google. Search parameters of ‘argatroban’, ‘heparin-induced thrombocytopenia’ and ‘treatment’ were input into both search engines. Conclusion: Argatroban is a safe and effective treatment for HIT. In patients taking other hepatically cleared medications, lower initial doses may have to be used to avoid over-anticoagulation.
Attitude about mental illness of health care providers and community leaders in rural Haryana, North India

Background: Attitude about mental illness determines health seeking of the people. Success of National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) is dependent on attitude about mental illness of various stakeholders in the programme. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad district in Haryana. We aimed to study attitude about mental illness of various stakeholders of health care providers (HCP), community leaders in rural area of Haryana, north India. Study area consisting of five Primary Health Centers (PHCs) serving 2,12,000 rural population. All HCP working at PHCs, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) and community leaders in study area were approached for participation. Hindi version of Opinion about Mental illness Scale for Chinese Community (OMICC) was used to study attitude. Results: In total, 467 participants were participated in the study. Of which, HCP, ASHAs and community leaders were 81 (17.4%), 145 (31.0%) and 241 (51.6%) respectively. Community members reported socially restrictive, pessimistic and stereotyping attitude towards mentally ill person. ASHA and HCP reported stereotyping attitude about person with mental illness. None of the stakeholders reported stigmatizing attitude. Conclusion: Training programme focusing on spectrum of mental illness for HCP and ASHA working in rural area under NMHP programme is needed. Awareness generation of community leaders about bio-medical concept of mental illness is cornerstone of NMHP success in India.
Dental disease in the Nile Valley during the New Kingdom

This study examines evidence for dental disease (caries, abscesses, antemortem tooth loss and severity of dental wear) in Nubian and Egyptian groups living in the Nile Valley during the New Kingdom. Specific attention is given to individuals buried at the site of Tombos, a cemetery in Nubia used during the Egyptian colonial occupation. In addition, three Nubian and two Egyptian samples are included for comparative purposes. While some similarities in condition frequencies between Tombos and the comparative groups are apparent, especially in the rates of caries and abscesses, significant differences in antemortem tooth loss and severity of tooth wear point to variation in these Nile Valley samples. These differences are especially evident for males. Higher rates of these conditions at Tombos may be attributed to the socio-political and cultural changes taking place during this time of colonial occupation. Changes in foodways and occupational environments may have resulted in stress, as demonstrated by these dental conditions experienced by the Tombos people throughout this transitional period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisão das dimensões de qualidade dos dados e métodos aplicados na avaliação dos sistemas de informação em saúde

In Brazil, quality monitoring of data from the various health information systems does not follow a regular evaluation plan. This paper reviews quality evaluation initiatives related to the Brazilian information systems, identifying the selected quality dimensions and the method employed. The SciELO and LILACS databases were searched, as were the bibliographical references from articles identified in the search. 375 articles were initially identified, leaving a final total of 78 after exclusions. The four most frequent dimensions in articles totaled approximately 90% of the analyses. The studies prioritized certain quality dimensions: reliability, validity, coverage, and completeness. Half of the studies were limited to data from Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The limited number of studies on some systems and their unequal distribution between regions of the country hinder a comprehensive quality assessment of Brazil's health information systems. The importance of accurate information highlights the need to implement a data management policy for health information systems in Brazil.
An Anterosuperior Approach for Proximal Humeral Fractures

ABSTRACT The deltopectoral approach to the shoulder is typically the approach used in trauma surgery around the shoulder. Mackenzie described an anterosuperior approach to the shoulder to optimize insertion of the components for a total shoulder replacement; he attributed this approach to Nevasier. This approach has recently been popularized for the Copeland resurfacing and Delta reverse-geometry prostheses. Using a modification of this approach, we describe its use in a group of patients requiring either internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty for proximal humeral fracture and the effect of this approach on the postoperative function on the axillary nerve and deltoid muscle. This article aims to show its usefulness as an alternative approach in trauma surgery of the shoulder.
Prevalence of Prehypertension in Adult population of Rural Andhra Pradesh

Background: Prehypertension and hypertension were related with many complications of nearly every organ, but often neglected by young adults in rural area. This research was done to observe the prevalence of prehypertension among young adult in a rural area of Andhra Pradesh(AP). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in rural areas of Andhra pradesh, India. 1624 subjects were consecutively recruited and surveyed during January 2011 – November 2012 and were aged between 18–35 years old. They were interviewed about their age, gender, physical activity, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, and family history and examined for weight, height, body mass index [BMI], systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results: From 1624 young adults, 30.1% had prehypertension and 7.75% had hypertension (p < 0.05). Within sex groups, the prevalence of prehypertension was higher in males. BMI was associated with prehypertension. Conclusion: Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were relatively high among young adults in rural areas of AP, India. Intervention to prevent further complications needs to be done early with lifestyle modification because blood pressure is associated with modifiable risk factors, such as BMI and total activity.
Prevalência e fatores associados à percepção de ocorrência de corrimento vaginal patológico entre gestantes

This study aims to determine the prevalence self-reported abnormal vaginal discharge and to identify associated risk factors in pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in local maternity hospitals. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and Poisson regression was applied using multivariate analysis. Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 40%. Adjusted analysis showed the following prevalence ratios for vaginal discharge: 1.6 (1.4-1.8) for adolescents; 1.3 (1.1-1.6) for 8 years of schooling or less; 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for alcohol consumption; 2.0 (1.8-2.2) for vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy; 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy; and 0.8 (0.7-0.9) for history of prematurity. Local health services should target adolescent women, those with low schooling or low family income, and those with a history of vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy or urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy.
Analysis of the Effective Fraction of Sun Ginseng Extract in Selenite Induced Cataract Rat Model

Purpose: To compare the protective effects of saponin and non-saponin Sun-ginseng extract fractions in a selenite-induced rat cataract model. Methods: A total of 101 Sprague-Dawley rat pups were divided into four groups by treatment: Sun-ginseng, saponin fraction, non-saponin fraction, and control. For induction of cataracts, sodium selenite 15 nmol/g was injected subcutaneously in 13 day-old rat pups. Sun-ginseng extract 100 g/g (Group I, Ginseng Science, Seoul, Korea), saponin fraction 100 g/g (Group II), non-saponin fraction 100 g/g (Group III), and phosphate buffered saline (Control group) were injected intraperitoneally every two days for a total of seven injections. The rats were sacrified and their lenses were dissected and photographed at day 7 and 14, and the cataracts were graded according to the ratio of the cataract area to the total lens area. The blind method was used for the evaluation of the cataract area. Results: At day 14, cataract formation rates (CFR) were 33.3% in group I, 76.4% in group II, 41.2% in group III, and 77.7% in the control group. The mean cataract area (MCA) was 13.420. 8% in group I, 14.411. 7% in group II, 5.77.7% in group III, and 15.812. 1% in the control group. Group III showed statistically significant results compared with those of control group (CFR p=0.001, MCA p=0.001). We observed significantly lower incidence and smaller mean cataract area in Group I and Group III at day 7 compared with the control group (Group I, CFR p=0.018; Group III, CFR p=0.032, MCA p=0.005). Conclusions: The protective effects of Sun-ginseng extract are caused by the components in the non-saponin fraction, not by those in the saponin fraction, in a selenite-induced cataract rat model.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia induced with either thiopentone or propofol in the dog

SUMMARY Lower oesophageal pH was monitored in 68 dogs under anaesthesia induced with either thiopentone or propofol and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Gastro-oesophageal reflux, as evidenced by a decrease in lower oesophageal pH to less than 4.0 or an increase to more than 7.5, occurred in 17.6% (6/34) and 50% (17/34) of the thiopentone-induced and the propofol-induced dogs, respectively, the difference between the 2 groups being significant. Reflux usually occurred shortly after the induction of anaesthesia and had a mean duration of about 46 min. On most occasions, in both groups, the refluxate was acid (pH 7.5). Gastric contents of pH below 2.5 were refluxed on 7 and 2 occasions in the propofol and the thiopentone group, respectively. Regurgitation occurred in only 2 dogs, one in each group. It was concluded that the higher incidence of reflux in the propofol-induced dogs may have been due to the greater decrease of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure induced by propofol than by thiopentone in dogs.
An update on remineralizing agents

Modern dentistry aims to manage non-cavitated carious lesions non-invasively through remineralization in an attempt to prevent disease progression, and to improve form, function, strength and esthetics of teeth. The emphasis currently is being laid upon new technologies for enamel remineralization. Further studies are required on biomimetic molecules involved in calcium fluoride phosphate stabilization and nucleation that may provide further improvements in the development of novel remineralization treatments. The aim of this paper is to review the contemporary remineralizing systems available for remineralization therapy and their implementation into clinical practice. A search of articles from Pubmed and Medline with the keywords Remineralization- demineralization, Casein derivatives, fluoridated remineralizing agents and non-fluoridated remineralizing agents was conducted. A total of 810 abstracts were collected, of which 351 articles that discussed the current technologies of remineralizing agents were read and 71 most relevant articles were included in this paper. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry All work in the health field is aimed at conservation of the human body and its function; similarly, dentistry's goal should be to preserve healthy, natural tooth structure. Modern dentistry aims to manage non-cavitated carious lesions non-invasively through remineralization. Remineralizing agents can also find its application in other fields of dentistry like pedodontics, periodontics and orthodontics. It can help in mineralization and management of hypocalcified lesions. It can be used for desensitization of exposed dentine affected by dental erosion. It can be used after debonding of brackets in lieu of completion of orthodontic treatment.
SCREENING OF ADOLESCENTS FOR EYE DISEASES IN NIGERIAN HIGH SCHOOLS

* Author for correspondence SUMMARY The effectiveness of pre-entrance eye screening programmes for school age children is still controversial. A point prevalence study of high school adolescents was conducted to determine the magnitude of undiagnosed eye diseases and offer appropriate treatment where feasible. We conducted eye examination on 1,707 secondary students attending three public high schools in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria in June 2003. Those who had previously undiagnosed ocular problems were treated and those who had been seeing eye specialist for various eye diseases were encouraged to continue to do so. Out of the 1,707 students screened, previously undiagnosed eye problems especially refractive errors were found in 13.5%. Allergic conjunctivitis was the commonest ocular disorder, detected in 49% of the entire group. Only 12.5% of those with allergic conjunctivitis had visited an eye specialist at one time or the other. Three hundred and eightfour students (22.5%) had refractive errors. None of those with refractive errors had an eye examination in the past. Glaucoma was diagnosed in five students (1.3%). We concluded that eye screening programmes can identify previously undetected eye disorders in the school age population. It is suggested that screening programmes for school age children coupled with immediate referral and follow up procedures are worth while.
STUDY OF SKIN STAPLES AND CONVENTIONAL SUTURE FOR ABDOMINAL SKIN WOUND CLOSURE

Introduction: The use of automatic stapling device for skin closure has become more popular due to its minimum disadvantages as compared to conventional suturing. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the time required for abdominal skin closure and pain during suture removal, between skin staplers and conventional suture. Materials and Methods: The study includes 100 patients with age group of 45yrs-75yrs undergoing elective surgery, of which 50 patients underwent wound closure by staplers (Group-I) and 50 patients underwent closure using prolene suturing (Group-II), during June 2009 to June 2011 at Basaweshwar Teaching and General Hospital, Gulbarga. Patients were randomly selected for conventional suture and skin staple. Time duration for wound closure was recorded and pain scoring was given during suture removal, between both groups. Results and conclusion: In our study duration of wound closure was statistically significant (P<0.001) with staplers requiring lesser time than conventional prolene sutures, we also found that pain during suture removal between both groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). We believe the advantages of speed and convenience of skin staples outweigh the extra cost, provided the disposable instruments are reused until empty.
Evaluation of Haematological and Reproductive Effect of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Female Abino Rats

The effect of oral administration of 7.5 mg/kg BW on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in albino rats were investigated. The paracetamol was administered by gavage on daily basis for haematological study; the paracetamol was administered orally for 21 days for estrous cycle study. Treatment of rats with 7.5 mg/kg BW of paracetamol caused insignificant (p>0.05) changes in the RBC, PCV, HBTWBC, platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and haematmetric indices (MCV, MCHC, MCH) values relative to their respective controls. Treatment of rats with paracetamol (7.5 mg/kg BW) caused non-significant changes in the duration of all phases of estrous cycle relative to their relative to their respective controls. These findings probably indicates that paracetamol has no deleterious effect on the blood chemistry and fertility of female albino rats.
Attainment of the Fifth Millennium Development Goal: Utopia or Reality Based on Trends in Maternal Mortality in 12 Years in Two Regional Hospitals in Fako Division, Cameroon? A Retrospective Study

Introduction: According to WHO, globally an estimated 585,000 women die each year from complications of pregnancy and childbirth. One of the targets of Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5) is to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters of the 1999 value by the year 2015. However, three years to 2015, very little is known on the trends in maternal mortality ratio, causes of maternal deaths and their associated factors in the Tiko Cottage Hospital (TCH) and Limbe Regional Hospital (LRH) in the South-West Region, Cameroon. Methods: This was a retrospective, analytical cross-sectional study that was carried out from 1st January 2000 to December 2012. After obtaining ethical clearance, the records of cases of maternal deaths and a reference group of women who survived after a pregnancy during the same period were carefully reviewed. The data were analyzed with SPSS 10 and EPI 3.5. 1. Results: There were 14,480 live births and 132 maternal deaths during the study period, giving an adjusted Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of 892/100,000 live births. Patients’ age ranged from 15 - 40 years (SD 2.3). We observed a downwards trend of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Seventy-eight percent of the maternal deaths were due to direct causes. The triad of hemorrhage (54.5%), abortions (17.4%), and eclampsia (10.6%) was the leading cause of death. HIV-related complications and hepatitis constituted the main indirect causes of maternal death. In 85.4% of cases, maternal deaths were avoidable. Lack of blood for transfusion and late referral of cases were the main avoidable factors. Patients less than 35 years (p = 0.01), no antenatal care (ANC) (p = 0.001), unemployment [OR = 1.52; 95% CI: (1.38 - 48.28); p = 0.02] were significantly associated with maternal deaths while grand multiparity [OR = 1.20; 95% CI (0.30 - 4.86); p = 0.79], marital status [OR = 1.20; 95% CI: (0.70 - 2.07); p = 0.51] and education level were not significantly associated with maternal deaths. Conclusion: The trend shows that there was no appreciable decline in maternal mortality, implying that attaining the objectives of MDG 5 is very unlikely. Therefore, to meet the MDG 5 target, we recommend that, there should be amelioration towards obstetric emergencies care and health education by health care providers.
Serum Sialic Acid Concentration Predicts both Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality: Multivariate Analysis Including 54385 Men and Women during 20.5 Years Follow-up

To investigate the nature of the relationship between serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality the risks for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were assessed separately in 26693 men and 27692 women [in Sweden] followed during 20.5 years. Diastolic blood pressure total cholesterol and body mass index were used as covariates in a person-year-based Poisson model.For both genders and both endpoints diastolic blood pressure was associated with higher relative risk than sialic acid and body mass index and serum total cholesterol were less predictive. Serum sialic acid concentration predicts both death from CHD and stroke in men and women independent of age. The biological foundation of this finding remains unclear. (EXCERPT)