Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging the detection gap: a study on a behavior-based approach using malware techniques

In recent years the intensity and complexity of cyber attacks have increased at a rapid rate. The cost of these attacks on U.S. based companies is in the billions of dollars, including the loss of intellectual property and reputation. Novel and diverse approaches are needed to mitigate the cost of a security breach, and bridge the gap between malware detection and a security breach. This thesis focuses on the short term need to mitigate the impact of undetected shellcodes that cause security breaches. The thesis's approach focuses on the agents driving the attacks, capturing their actions, in order to piece together the attacks for forensics purposes, as well as to better understand the opponent. The work presented in this thesis employs models of normal operating system behavior to detect access to the operating system's shell interface. It also utilizes malware techniques to avoid detection and subsequent termination of the monitoring system , as well as dynamic shellcode execution methodologies in the testing of the thesis' modules to implement a monitoring system.
Can behavioral intentions predict domestic electricity consumer's actual behavior towards energy efficiency?

To reduce domestic electricity consumers consumption of electricity is a global concern. This pilot study investigates the extent to which domestic electricity consumers intend to use and use energy efficiently. A co-relational research design was used to investigate the relationship between the predictor variables and the independent variables in the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior which was selected as theoretical framework. A convenience stratified sample of 61 domestic electricity consumers was selected. A questionnaire and telephone response log was used to collect data. Simple linear regression analysis indicates significant statistical evidence of a linear relation between the predictor variables and the independent variables. The participants intended to save between 2% and 35% of their electricity consumption and the actual electricity consumption savings were between 2% and 30%.
Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps

Abstract. Global warming is expected to significantly decrease oceanic carbon uptake and therefore increase atmospheric CO2 and global warming. The primary reasons given in previous studies for such changes in the oceanic carbon uptake are the solubility reduction due to seawater warming and changes in the ocean circulation and biological pump. However, the quantitative contributions of different processes to the overall reduction in ocean uptake are still unclear. In this study, we investigated multi-millennium responses of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming and quantified the contributions of the physical and biological pumps to these responses using an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model and a biogeochemical model. We found that global warming reduced oceanic CO2 uptake by 13 % (30 %) in the first 140 years (after 2000 model years), consistent with previous studies. Our sensitivity experiments showed that this reduction is primarily driven by changes in the organic matter cycle via ocean circulation change and solubility change due to seawater warming. These results differ from most previous studies, in which circulation changes and solubility change from seawater warming are the dominant processes. The weakening of biological production and carbon export induced by circulation change and lower nutrient supply, diminishes the vertical DIC gradient and substantially reduces the CO2 uptake. The weaker deep-ocean circulation decreases the downward transport of CO2 from the surface to the deep ocean, leading to a drop in CO2 uptake in high-latitude regions. Conversely, weaker equatorial upwelling reduces the upward transport of natural CO2 and therefore enhances the CO2 uptake in low-latitude regions. Because these effects cancel each other out, circulation change plays only a small direct role in the reduction of CO2 uptake due to global warming but a large indirect role through nutrient transport and biological processes.
Investigating effects of different evapotranspiration (ET) schemes on soil water dynamics and ET partitioning: a large lysimeter case of summer maize in a semi-arid environment northwest of China

Investigating effects of different evapotranspiration (ET) schemes on soil water dynamics and ET partitioning: a large lysimeter case of summer maize in a semi-arid environment northwest of China L. Yu, Y. Zeng, Z. Su, H. Cai, and Z. Zheng Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China (IWSA), Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
On the dimension of triangular self-affine sets

As a continuation of a recent work [Bárány et al, On the dimension of self-affine sets and measures with overlaps. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 144 (2016) 4427–4440] of the same authors, in this note we study the dimension theory of diagonally homogeneous triangular planar self-affine iterated function systems.
Chronic Low-grade Inflammation and Haematological, Circulatory, Metabolic, and Hepatic Abnormalities in Childhood Obesity

Background: Little is known as to the associations between childhood obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, circulatory, hepatic, metabolic and haematological abnormalities. Design: Case-control study. Methods: A total of 1,871 boys and 1,810 girls were measured anthropometric data, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count (WBCC), platelet count, blood pressure, plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The subjects were classified into three body mass index categories depending on the international standard definition for child overweight and obesity. Results: Systolic blood pressure, serum levels of aminotransferases, TG and HDL-cholesterol, WBCC, and platelet counts were related with BMI in both boys and girls. Obese girls had high risks of having relatively high levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), ALT, TG, WBCC, platelet count, and relatively low level of HDL-cholesterol. Obese boys had high risks of having relatively high levels of SBP, diastolic blood pressure, AST, ALT, TG, WBCC, Hb concentration, platelet count, and relatively low level of HDL-cholesterol. Conclusions: Childhood obesity is related with chronic inflammation, as well as circulatory, hepatic, metabolic and haematological abnormalities.
R70 Relationships and Their Interpretation at a Mine Site

The R70 test is a good indicator of coal reactivity to oxygen and is commonly used to provide a rating of propensity for self-heating. Tests performed by The University of Queensland Spontaneous Combustion Testing Laboratory have resulted in the development of a large database that shows the impact of coal quality on this parameter. From these results it is possible to infer an R70 value, which can be used to gain an appreciation of the intrinsic coal reactivity before it is even tested. However, any interpretation of R70 values must consider the influences of coal rank, mineral matter and moisture content to provide a better understanding of the spontaneous combustion risk of a particular coal.
The consumerist turn in higher education: Policy aspirations and outcomes

Abstract Insights from the marketing and education literature are combined to analyse government rationales and mechanisms related to the positioning of contemporary students as consumers and to assess the impact on the process and outcomes of education, on the professional practices of faculty and on widening participation. Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual framework is applied to analyse how consumer mechanisms are mediated by the organisational cultures and practices within universities. These theoretical insights are combined with data from different national contexts to indicate positive outcomes. However, the organisational context of higher education, gamesmanship and outdated marketing relations have also led to the opposite of what policy makers have aspired to. We show how consumerism also promotes passive learning, threatens academic standards, and entrenches academic privilege. The paper contributes to scholarship on consumerism in sectors which are subject to changing relations between state regulation and market forces, and offers policy and management insights.
Delay as a Financing Friction: Evidence from the 2005 Securities Offering Reform

We provide empirical evidence on how delay in raising outside capital affects ﬁrms’ ﬁnancing decisions. We exploit the 2005 Security Offerings Reform as a quasi-natural experiment where for a subset of large US ﬁrms the regulatory delay (1-1.5 months) associated with raising public debt is eliminated. Difference-in-differences estimates suggest that ﬁnancially constrained ﬁrms respond to reduced delay by switching 35%-45% of their debt issues from private to public markets, while we ﬁnd no effect on unconstrained ﬁrms. We further show that a reduction in delay does not affect bond yields but is associated with the use of more debt covenants, implying a potential trade-off. Our empirical ﬁndings corroborate the importance of delay as a ﬁnancial friction and support the SEC’s decision to enact the Reform in order to contain the growth of private placements.
Extract of Curcuma longa L . and (-)-Epigallo Catechin-3-Gallate Enhanced Proliferation of Adipose Tissue – derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells ( AD-MSCs ) and Differentiation of AD-MSCs into Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Objectives: Previous studies reported that proliferation and differentiation of stem cell are influenced by free radicals. Therefore, we conducted an investigation to know whether antioxidants, to our current interest, extract of Curcuma longa L. (ECL) and (-)-Epigallo catechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are playing role in differentiation and proliferation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). Materials and Methods: ECL and AD-MSCs were prepared. Inhibitory concentration-median (IC-50) of ECL and EGCG were measured based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. To examine the effect of ECL and EGCG on proliferation and differentiation of AD-MSCs, ECL and EGCG in various concentrations were applied in culture of AD-MSCs for different period of time. Cell number was counted by trypan blue exclusion method. Differentiation of AD-MSCs into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was analyzed based on following surface markers: cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) with flow cytometer. Results: IC50 of ECL and EGCG on DPPH scaven ing activity were 7.61 and 0.42 μg/mL, respectively. The highest proliferation rates were achieved by induction of ECL in concentrations of 1 g/mL, while induction of EGCG in concentration of 0.25 g/mL. ECL and EGCG enhanced differentiation of AD-MSCs into EPCs, marked by increasing expression of CD34, CD133 and VEGFR-2 at 4 incubation days. Conclusions: Our current results suggested that ECL and EGCG as antioxidant could enhance proliferation of AD-MSCs and differentiation of AD-MSCs into EPCs.
Extreme value theory for nonstationary random coefficients time series with regularly varying tails

We consider a class of nonstationary time series defined by Yt = µt + ∑ ∞=0 Ct;kσt−kηt−k where {ηt; t ∈ Z} is sequence of iid random variables with regularly varying tail probabilities, σt is a scale parameter and {Ct;k, t ∈ Z, k > 0} an infinite array of random variables identically distributed called weights. In this article, the extreme value theory of {Yt} is studied. Under mild conditions, convergence results for a point process based on the moving averages are proved. R esum e. Nous considerons une classe de processus non stationnaires definis par Yt = µt + ∑ ∞=0 Ct;kσt−kηt−k ou {ηt; t ∈ Z} est une suite de variables aleatoires independantes et identiquement distribuees dont les queues de distri- bution sontvariation reguliere, σt est un parametre d'´ echelle et {Ct;k, t ∈ Z, k > 0} une suite de variables de meme loi appelees poids. Nous montrons que le processus de Poisson base sur la serie non stationnaire converge vaguement.
Biogeochemical characterization of carbon sources in the Strickland and Fly rivers, Papua New Guinea

the organic and inorganic composition of particulate and dissolved carbon at several lowland sites in the Fly and Strickland rivers and on the Strickland River floodplain. Isotopic, elemental, and biomarker results suggest that organic carbon in the Strickland River was more degraded than in the Fly River, with a greater input of ancient organics from upland sources, and that aquatic production constituted a larger source in the Fly River. Radiocarbon results indicate that all carbon fractions were older in the Strickland than in the Fly and that Strickland floodplain sediments were also depleted in radiocarbon. Collectively, these results suggest that rivers of New Guinea export a comparable amount of particulate organic carbon to the Amazon, with a significant contribution from radiocarbon-depleted sources.
Organic agriculture and climate change

Abstract This article discusses the mitigation and adaptation potential of organic agricultural systems along three main features: farming system design, cropland management and grassland and livestock management. An important potential contribution of organically managed systems to climate change mitigation is identified in the careful management of nutrients and, hence, the reduction of N2O emissions from soils. Another high mitigation potential of organic agriculture lies in carbon sequestration in soils. In a first estimate, the emission reduction potential by abstention from mineral fertilizers is calculated to be about 20% and the compensation potential by carbon sequestration to be about 40–72% of the world's current annual agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but further research is needed to consolidate these numbers. On the adaptation side, organic agriculture systems have a strong potential for building resilient food systems in the face of uncertainties, through farm diversification and building soil fertility with organic matter. Additionally, organic agriculture offers alternatives to energy-intensive production inputs such as synthetic fertilizers which are likely to be further limited for poor rural populations by rising energy prices. In developing countries, organic agricultural systems achieve equal or even higher yields, as compared to the current conventional practices, which translate into a potentially important option for food security and sustainable livelihoods for the rural poor in times of climate change. Certified organic products cater for higher income options for farmers and, therefore, can serve as promoters for climate-friendly farming practices worldwide.
From local to global. New paths for publishing in Africa.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. From local to global. New paths for publishing in Africa. Nathalie Carré
Choice-based Letting, Ethnicity and Segregation in England

Choice-based letting (CBL) has been widely introduced to the social housing sector in England to give applicants more freedom in where they live. Concerns have been expressed that giving people more choice in residential locations has the potential to increase neighbourhood segregation. It has also been argued that a lack of real choice, not self-segregation, might be a cause of social and ethnic segregation. In social housing, real choice might not be available and the most vulnerable are likely to access the easiest housing options: often in deprived and segregated neighbourhoods. This paper analyses the probability that households applying for social housing using different allocation systems end up in deprived or ethnically concentrated neighbourhoods. Using unique data representing lettings made in the social housing sector in England, it is shown that ethnic minorities, and especially those using CBL, are the most likely to end up in deprived and ethnic concentration neighbourhoods.
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF THE TISZA BY PHYSICO . CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Investigations dudrg the period 1990-1992 showed isturbarce ofoxyg€n regnne wlth evident minimurn in the summer to occur in the Rive. Tisza concurredly with a felatively high content of nutrients, mineral niirogen particularly. zoocenological analysis aiso Pointed to incfease in organio load. In plankton sanples and bottom fauna and fish, ihe species being charactedstic of eurrophic e|vironment dominated. Therefore, a section ol the River Tisza investigated is characiefized by a rapid process ofeutrophicatiot. Kqarcrds: aryser resi e, nnnic t', zaopklnktan, bouot fatl.na, rsh, e haphicatiott N. Djuki6, S. Maletin, V. Pujin, A. Ivonc, B. Miljanovii, Uriversity of Novl sad, Faculiy of Scieno€s, lnstitule of Biolosy, 21000 Novi Snd, Yugoslavia, K. Kojdi6, RePublic weather BLreau, Hydrological Station, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavin
Tribalism as a Minimax-Regret Strategy: Evidence from Voting in the 2007 Kenyan Elections

Although many studies find that voting in Africa approximates an ethnic census in that voting is primarily along ethnic lines, hardly any of the studies have sought to explain ethnic voting following a rational choice framework. Using data of voter opinions from a survey conducted two weeks before the December 2007 Kenyan elections, we find that the expected benefits associated with a win by each of the presidential candidates varied significantly across voters from different ethnic groups. We hypothesize that decision to participate in the elections was influenced by the expected benefits as per the minimax-regret voting model. We test the predictions of this model using data of voter turnout in the December 2007 elections and find that turnout across ethnic groups varied systematically with expected benefits. The results suggest that individuals participated in the elections primarily to avoid the maximum regret should a candidate from another ethnic group win. The results therefore offer credence to the minimax regret model as proposed by Ferejohn and Fiorina (1974) and refute the Downsian expected utility model.
The impact of non-native English teachers’ linguistic insecurity on learners’ productive skills

The discrimination between native and non-native English speaking teachers is reported in favor of native speakers in literature. The present study examines the linguistic insecurity of non-native English speaking teachers (NNESTs) and investigates its influence on learners' productive skills by using SPSS software. The eighteen teachers participating in this research study are from different countries, mostly Asian, and they all work in a language institute in Ankara, Turkey. The learners who participated in this work are 300 intermediate, upper-intermediate and advanced English learners. The data related to teachers' linguistic insecurity were collected by questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and proficiency tests. Pearson Correlation and ANOVA Tests were used and the results revealed that NNESTs' linguistic insecurity, neither female nor male teachers, is not significantly correlated with the learners' writing and speaking scores.
Influence of voluntary work intervention on the mood status of older volunteers

1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 2.0 VOLUNTARY WORK AND OLDER ADULTS 6 2.1. Global trend in voluntarism 6 2.2 Voluntary work 6 2.3 Motivational factors and barriers in voluntary work 7 2.4 Theoretical view on voluntarism 8 2.5 Individual benefits of voluntary work 9 3.0 POSITIVE MOOD 10 3.1 Consequences of positive mood 10 3.2 Enhancing positive mood 11 4.0 DEPRESSIVE MOOD 12 4.1 Risk factors for depression 12 4.2 Voluntary work and depression 12 5.0 ASSESSMENT OF MOOD STATUS 14 6.0. INTERIM SUMMARY 15 7.0 AIMS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 16 8.0 PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 17 8.1 Study design and participants 17 8.2 Data acquisition and variables 18 8.3 Statistical analysis 19 9.0 RESULTS 19 10.0 DISCUSSION 27 REFERENCES 31
CORRECTING FALSE SEGMENTATION IN VIDEO USING IMAGE OVER-SEGMENTATION

Moving objects detection is a fundamental step in many vision based applications. Background subtraction is the typical method. When scene exhibits pertinent dynamism method based on mixture of Gaussians is a good balance between accuracy and complexity, but fails due to two kinds of false segmentations i.e moving shadows incorrectly detected as objects and some actual moving objects not detected as moving objects. In computer vision, segmentation refers to process of partitioning a digital image in to multiple segments and goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change representation of image in to something that is more meaningful and easier to analyse. A colour clustering based on k-means and image over-segmentation are used to segment the input frame into patches and shadow suppression done by HSV colour space, the outputs of mixture of Gaussians are combined with the colour clustered regions to a module for area confidence measurement. In this way, two major segment errors can be corrected. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can significantly enhance segmentation results.
Scale analysis of carabids richness (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in southern South America

La compleja historia geomorfologica y climatica de Sudamerica austral ha modulado y fragmentado particularmente el sector sur de los Andes. Dada la complejidad del paisaje austral, un analisis de los componentes de diversidad alfa-α, beta-β and gamma-γ de carabidos, permite explorar los cambios de los patrones espaciales considerando las escalas de paisaje. Para analizar el efecto de la escala espacial sobre la diversidad de carabidos en Sudamerica austral, realizamos un particionamiento multiplicativo de diversidad. Para nuestro analisis incluimos cuatro escalas espaciales, cuadriculas de 0,25°, cuadriculas 0,5°, provincias biogeograficas y sub-regiones biogeograficas. Nuestros resultados muestran que el patron de distribucion de carabidos no es aleatorio. A gran escala se observa que las diversidades beta son mayores a lo esperado, mientras a baja escala son menores a lo esperado. Lo anterior sugiere que los ensambles de carabidos son mas homogeneos, principalmente entre cuadriculas de 0,5°. Discutimos el efecto de procesos historicos en el patron actual de especies. Debido a la importancia de la diversidad beta-β a escala local y regional, es que se da pie a una interesante linea de investigacion para entender que mecanismos biogeograficos parecen determinar la distribucion de especies en diferentes provincias.