Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mouse Germ Cell-Less as an Essential Component for Nuclear Integrity

ABSTRACT A mouse homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster germ cell-less (mgcl-1) gene is expressed ubiquitously, and its gene product is localized to the nuclear envelope based on its binding to LAP2β (lamina-associated polypeptide 2β). To elucidate the role of mgcl-1, we analyzed two mutant mouse lines that lacked mgcl-1 gene expression. Abnormal nuclear morphologies that were probably due to impaired nuclear envelope integrity were observed in the liver, exocrine pancreas, and testis. In particular, functional abnormalities were observed in testis in which the highest expression of mgcl-1 was detected. Fertility was significantly impaired in mgcl-1-null male mice, probably as a result of severe morphological abnormalities in the sperm. Electron microscopic observations showed insufficient chromatin condensation and abnormal acrosome structures in mgcl-1-null sperm. In addition, the expression patterns of transition proteins and protamines, both of which are essential for chromatin remodeling during spermatogenesis, were aberrant. Considering that the first abnormality during the process of spermatogenesis was abnormal nuclear envelope structure in spermatocytes, the mgcl-1 gene product appears to be essential for appropriate nuclear-lamina organization, which in turn is essential for normal sperm morphogenesis and chromatin remodeling.
Mixed Lineage Kinase-3 Stabilizes and Functionally Cooperates with TRIBBLES-3 to Compromise Mitochondrial Integrity in Cytokine-induced Death of Pancreatic Beta Cells*

Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) have been implicated in cytokine signaling as well as in cell death pathways. Our studies show that MLK3 is activated in leukocyte-infiltrated islets of non-obese diabetic mice and that MLK3 activation compromises mitochondrial integrity and induces apoptosis of beta cells. Using an ex vivo model of islet-splenocyte co-culture, we show that MLK3 mediates its effects via the pseudokinase TRB3, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila Tribbles. TRB3 expression strongly coincided with conformational change and mitochondrial translocation of BAX. Mechanistically, MLK3 directly interacted with and stabilized TRB3, resulting in inhibition of Akt, a strong suppressor of BAX translocation and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Accordingly, attenuation of MLK3 or TRB3 expression each prevented cytokine-induced BAX conformational change and attenuated the progression to apoptosis. We conclude that MLKs compromise mitochondrial integrity and suppress cellular survival mechanisms via TRB3-dependent inhibition of Akt.
Immunosuppressive therapy in Rh-incompatible transfusion.

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Influence of the spatial resolution on fine-scale features in DNS of turbulence generated by a single square grid

We focus in this paper on the effect of the resolution of direct numerical simulations (DNS) on the spatio-temporal development of the turbulence downstream of a single square grid. The aims of this study are to validate our numerical approach by comparing experimental and numerical one-point statistics downstream of a single square grid and then investigate how the resolution is impacting the dynamics of the flow. In particular, using the Q–R diagram, we focus on the interaction between the strain-rate and rotation tensors, the symmetric and skew-symmetric parts of the velocity gradient tensor, respectively. We first show good agreement between our simulations and hot-wire experiment for one-point statistics on the centreline of the single square grid. Then, by analysing the shape of the Q–R diagram for various streamwise locations, we evaluate the ability of under-resolved DNS to capture the main features of the turbulence downstream of the single square grid.
Radiotherapy Alone or With Chemotherapy in the Management of Carcinoma of the Supraglottic Larynx: A 25-Year Community Hospital Experience

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review outcomes for patients treated with definitive radiotherapy for carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx at a community hospital and to compare our results with the literature. Materials and Methods: Treatment records of 46 patients with localized carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated from January 1987 through January 2012 were reviewed. Overall, 18 (39%) presented with stage I or II disease, whereas 28 (61%) presented with stage III to IV. In total, 30 patients (65%) were treated using hyperfractionation, whereas 16 (35%) received once-daily fractionation. Twelve patients (26%) received concurrent chemotherapy with weekly cisplatin. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess outcomes. Results: The median follow-up for the living patients was 6.7 years (range, 1.7 to 23.1 y). At 5 years, the local-regional control (LRC), ultimate LRC, laryngeal preservation, and overall survival (OS) rates were 70%, 82%, 65%, and 53%, respectively. At 5 years, disease-free survival and cause-specific survival rates were 75% and 76%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates by American Joint Committee on Cancer stage were as follows: I to II, 61%; III, 51%; and IV, 44%. For those receiving concurrent chemotherapy, there was no improvement in 5-year LRC (83% vs. 66%; P=0.4081) or OS (55% vs. 50%; P=0.7697). For those receiving hyperfractionation, there was no improvement in 5-year LRC (75% vs. 63%; P=0.3369) or OS (55% vs. 50%; P=0.4161). Conclusions: Our outcomes are similar to those reported in the literature. Neither hyperfractionation nor chemotherapy appeared to confer a benefit for disease control or OS possibly owing to small sample size and the inherent bias of a retrospective review.
Effects of chronic intermittent asphyxia on rat diaphragm and limb muscle contractility.

OBJECTIVE In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is intermittent upper airway (UA) collapse due to an imbalance between the collapsing force generated by the diaphragm and the stabilizing force of the UA muscles. This results in chronic intermittent asphyxia (CIA). We have previously shown that CIA affects UA muscle fatigue, but little is known about the effects of chronic hypoxia on diaphragm or on limb muscle contractile properties and structure. DESIGN Rats were exposed to asphyxia and normoxia twice per minute for 8 h/d for 5 weeks to simulate the intermittent asphyxia of OSA in humans. Isometric contractile properties were determined from strips of isolated diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus muscles in Krebs solution at 30 degrees C. EDL and soleus type 1 (slow, fatigue resistant), type 2A (fast, fatigue resistant), and type 2B (fast, fatigable) fiber distribution was determined using adenosine triphosphatase staining. RESULTS CIA caused a significant increase in diaphragm, EDL, and soleus fatigue, and reduced recovery from fatigue. Most of the other contractile properties were unaffected aside from a small reduction in diaphragm half-relaxation time and EDL twitch tension and a small shift to the left in the EDL force-frequency curve. There was no change in soleus fiber-type distribution and a small increase in EDL type 2A fibers (46.1 +/- 1.2% vs 49.9 +/- 1.4%, control vs CIA [mean +/- SD]). CONCLUSIONS CIA increases diaphragm, EDL, and soleus muscle fatigue. We speculate that if this also occurs in OSA, it would contribute to the pathophysiology of the condition.
Increasing anthropomorphism and trust in automated driving functions by adding speech output

Conditionally Automated Driving (CAD) functions need to be carefully examined regarding related driver attitudes such as trust and usability to increase their acceptance among future system users. By adding speech output to an existing audio-visual Human-Machine Interface (HMI), the level of trust in automation was suspected to be increased due to semantic information and the application of anthropomorphic features such as voice and gender. To test this assumption, N = 17 drivers completed two simulator drives, once with ('Speech + generic') and once without additional speech output (‘Generic’). Having interacted with the automated system in different scenarios (i.e., letting the system execute a maneuver vs. taking over control from the vehicle), drivers completed comparative questionnaires on trust, anthropomorphism and usability. The applied questionnaire on trust in automation was structured after theoretical implications and derived from previous research on trust in automation. Results showed that the ‘Speech + generic’ system was rated as superior for all three attitude measures compared to the ‘Generic’ system. Furthermore, the present study describes a first approach on comprehensively examining trust in vehicle automation. We brought forth evidence that speech output is highly relevant in order to improve driver attitudes that affect acceptance of automated systems.
Sensorimotor resonance is an outcome but not a platform to anticipating harm to others

When perceiving imminent harm to others, quickly detecting potential hazards to oneself should be vital. In this case, mirroring the outcome of observed actions appears paradoxical. This study measured electroencephalographic/event-related potentials and mu suppression that were induced by dynamic animations; each animation was composed of three consecutive pictures depicting an individual being accidentally injured. The results indicated that the first picture evoked frontal N260 and central N360, the possible brain source of which is estimated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the third picture elicited late positive potentials, the possible sources of which might be generated from the insular and mid-cingulate cortex. Differential mu suppression, in relation to the sensorimotor resonance of empathy for pain, is associated with the third picture containing the crucial affective valence, but not with the first picture. The masking procedure on the third picture attenuated this mu suppression. Mediation analysis further confirmed that sensorimotor resonance is not a significant mediator in predicting subjective unpleasantness for observed actions. The findings suggest that sensorimotor resonance is not a platform, but rather an outcome when anticipating harm to others.
Within U.S. Trade and the Long Shadow of the American Secession

Using data from the US commodity flow surveys, we show that the historical Union- Confederacy border lowers contemporaneous trade between US states by about 16 percent relative to trade flows within the former alliances. Amongst one million placebos, there is no other constellation of state grouping that would yield a larger border effect. The finding is robust over different econometric models, treatment of the rest of the world, available survey waves, or levels of aggregation. Including contemporaneous controls, such as network, institutional or demographic variables, and Heckscher-Ohlin or Linder terms, lowers the estimate only slightly. Historical variables, such as the incidence of slavery, do not explain the effect away. Adding US states unaffected by the Civil War, we argue that the friction is not merely reflecting unmeasured North-South differences. Finally, the estimated border effect is larger for differentiated than for homogeneous goods, stressing the potential role for cultural factors and trust.
Linguistic processing during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

To determine if linguistic processing could be selectively disrupted with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), rTMS was performed during a picture-word verification task. Seven right-handed subjects were trained in two conditions: picture-word verification, which required the subject to verify whether the picture of an object matched the subtitle name on the same page, and frame verification, which required subjects to verify whether there was a rectangular frame around the combined object picture and subtitle. Half of the trials were performed during rTMS. The effects of rTMS on performance were evaluated at the following four scalp positions: left anterior (the area where rTMS produced speech arrest), a mirror site on the right, and two positions in the left and right parietal region. Stimulation over the left deltoid muscle served as a control. Subjects had less difficulty in making picture-word matching decisions during unstimulated compared with stimulated trials at the left anterior and posterior positions. No significant difference in accuracy was detected in the frame verification condition, but response times in the frame verification condition were longer with stimulation at the left anterior position. Because rTMS of the dominant hemisphere affected linguistic processing independent of speech motor output, we confirm that rTMS may be used to investigate language and other cognitive functions.
THE OPHTHALMIC ARTERY*

THE pioneer worker in the study of the ophthalmic artery, particularly its branches and their variations, was Meyer (1887), whose observations on twenty cases have been accepted more or less as classical for the last threequarters of a century. No detailed investigation has since been carried out in this field and the descriptions of the branches of this artery which appear in the various text-books of anatomy and ophthalmology merely reflect his conclusions. Moreover, little information regarding the branches and their anomalies is available in the literature. It was therefore thought desirable to study this problem afresh in detail.
Viruslike particles in tentoxin-producing strains of Alternaria alternata

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs associated with viruslike particles have been found in six isolates of Alternaria alternata which produce tentoxin. Isolates had from one to three dsRNAs ranging in size from 1.0 to 5.1 kilobase pairs. In two isolates the dsRNAs were associated with 30-nm particles. No dsRNA was detected in any of six other tentoxin-producing isolates or nine isolates which did not produce tentoxin.
OMSSA Parser: An open‐source library to parse and extract data from OMSSA MS/MS search results

Protein identification by MS is an important technique in both gel‐based and gel‐free proteome studies. The Open Mass Spectrometry Search Algorithm (OMSSA) (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omssa) is an open‐source search engine that can be used to identify MS/MS spectra acquired in these experiments. We here present a lightweight, open‐source Java software library, OMSSA Parser (http://code.google.com/p/omssa‐parser), which parses OMSSA omx result files into easy accessible and fully functional object models. In addition, we also provide examples illustrating the usage of our library.
Barrett esophagus: decreased esophageal clearance shown by radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy.

Radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy is a sensitive test of esophageal function, but its usefulness is not well documented in Barrett esophagus. This technique was prospectively studied in 27 patients with histologically proved Barrett esophagus and 17 patients with biopsy-confirmed reflux esophagitis. The esophageal transit time and percentage of emptying were calculated. The only quantitative parameter of radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy to show a significant difference between the two conditions was the percentage of emptying, which was abnormal in 48% of patients with Barrett esophagus versus 31% of patients with reflux esophagitis. In the latter group, the mean percentage of emptying approached normal (89.5%), while in the former group it was decreased to 82.1% (P less than .05). Neither emptying parameter correlated with length of Barrett esophagus. These data support the hypothesis of inherent esophageal dysmotility in Barrett esophagus. Half of the patients with this condition have impaired esophageal clearance and may benefit from drug therapy.
Extended complications of urethroplasty.

INTRODUCTION An extensive study of complications following urethroplasty has never been published. We present 60 urethroplasty patients who were specifically questioned to determine every possible early and late complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective chart review of urethroplasty patients between August 2000 and March 2004. An "open format" questioning style allowed maximal patient reporting of all complications, no matter how minor. RESULTS 60 patients underwent 62 urethroplasties (24 anterior anastomotic, 19 buccal mucosal and 10 fasciocutaneous, 9 posterior anastomotic) with mean follow-up of 29 months. Early complications occurred in 40%, but only 3% were major (rectal injury and urosepsis). Early minor complications included scrotal swelling, scrotal ecchymosis and urinary urgency. Late complications occurred in 48%, but only 18% were significant (erectile dysfunction, chordee and fistula). Late minor complications included a feeling of wound tightness, scrotal numbness and urine spraying. Fasciocutaneous urethroplasty caused the most significant complications, and buccal mucus urethroplasty the least, while also resulting in the lowest recurrence rate (0%). CONCLUSIONS Serious complications after urethroplasty (3% early and 18% late) appear similar to those reported elsewhere, but minor bothersome complications appear to occur in much higher numbers than previously published (39% early and 40% late). While all the early complications were resolved and most (97%) were minor, less than half of the late complications were resolved, although most (82%) were minor. These complication rates should be considered when counseling the urethroplasty patients, and generally tend to support the use of buccal mucosal onlay urethroplasty as it had the lowest rate of serious side effects.
The Effect of Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses on Peripheral Refraction

Purpose To compare changes in peripheral refraction with single-vision (SV) and multifocal (MF) correction of distance central refraction with commercially available SV and MF soft contact lenses (SCLs) in young myopic adults. Methods Thirty-four myopic adult subjects were fitted with Proclear Sphere and Proclear Multifocal SCLs to correct their manifest central refractive error. Central and peripheral refraction were measured with no lens wear and subsequently with the two different types of SCL correction. Results At baseline, refraction was myopic at all locations along the horizontal meridian. Peripheral refraction was relatively hyperopic compared with center at 30 and 35 degrees in the temporal visual field (VF) in low myopes, and at 30 and 35 degrees in the temporal VF, and 10, 30, and 35 degrees in the nasal VF in moderate myopes. Single-vision and MF distance correction with Proclear Sphere and Proclear Multifocal SCLs, respectively, caused a hyperopic shift in refraction at all locations in the horizontal VF. Compared with SV correction, MF SCL correction caused a significant relative myopic shift at all locations in the nasal VF in both low and moderate myopes and also at 35 degrees in the temporal VF in moderate myopes. Conclusions Correction of central refractive error with SV and MF SCLs caused a hyperopic shift in both central and peripheral refraction at all positions in the horizontal meridian. Single-vision SCL correction caused the peripheral retina, which initially experienced absolute myopic defocus at baseline with no correction to experience an absolute hyperopic defocus. Multifocal SCL correction resulted in a relative myopic shift in peripheral refraction compared with SV SCL correction. This myopic shift may explain recent reports of reduced myopia progression rates with MF SCL correction.
Biomarkers of oral exposure to 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) in blood and urine of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract The U.S. Department of Defense is using the chemicals 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1, 2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in new munitions development. In a screen for biomarkers of exposure, these compounds were measured in urine and blood of male rhesus monkeys after oral doses. NTO peaked at 4 h, with urinary concentrations at least 100-fold higher than that of blood or serum while 4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a metabolite of DNAN, appeared in blood at concentrations 10- to 20-fold higher than the parent compound. For human exposure monitoring, urine is optimal for NTO while the metabolite DNP in blood is best for DNAN.
Cognitive function in the affective disorders: a prospective study.

A prospective, controlled study of 50 subjects confirmed claims that major depression or mania may cause temporary disorders of attention, memory, visuo-spatial function, and choice reaction time, and cause-independently of medication-the appearance of glabellar tap, positive hand-face test, nuchocephalic reflex, and graphesthesia. On follow-up, all these phenomena either disappeared or markedly improved. Age and age of onset, but not pre-morbid intelligence or history of ECT, seemed to modulate the severity of the cognitive impairment. Presence of delusions predicted poor (but reversible) visuo-spatial function. Cognitive impairment accompanied by reversible soft neurological signs was more marked but patients thus affected surprisingly showed lower depressive scores; this was interpreted as representing a secondary, 'organic' form of affective disorder (i.e. a behavioural phenocopy of depression) characterised by a reduced capacity to experience depressive symptoms and by little improvement at follow-up.
Does IT Help Firms to Become More Entrepreneurial?: The Role of Enterprise IT

The role of IT systems in firms’ creation of new businesses i.e., firm-level entrepreneurship, has received increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. Yet, prior research in this area shows limitations of differing conceptualizations of IT systems, use of cross-sectional designs, and overlooking the effect of contingencies. Motivated by these gaps, we investigate the impact of firms’ deployment of enterprise IT systems on their entrepreneurial action of creating a new business, through the perspectives of IT-enabled digital options and strategic flexibility. Analysis on panel data from 7,830 South Korean manufacturing firms during 2007-2013 shows that: 1) the range of enterprise IT systems deployed by firms is positively associated with their likelihood of planning to start a new business, and 2) the positive relationship between them is strengthened under a turbulent environment (i.e., the 2008-2009 financial crisis period). The study’s contributions, implications, and future research plan are discussed.