Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The position and size of the sacral hiatus in Thai dry human sacra

Introduction: To study the shape, position and size of the sacral hiatus in Thai dry human sacra. Method: The present study was carried out on 235 dry human sacra, 163 males and 72 females, in Facultyof medicine, Chiangmai and Thammasat university. The ages of dry human sacra ranged from 20–90years. The shape, position and size of sacral hiatuses were observed. The inter-cornual distance,the distance from sacral hiatal apex to the midpoint of base and the lower border of the 5th sacralvertebra were measured. Data were statistically analyzed and the difference of mean distance wasperformed by using unpaired t-tests. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The most common shapes of sacral hiatus were inverted U (54.47%), inverted V (19.57%), irregular(11.06%) and elongated (6.81%). The apex and base of sacral hiatus were commonly found at thelevel of the 4th (62.98%) and the 5th sacral vertebrae (76.6%), respectively. The average distance fromsacral hiatal apex to the midpoint of base was significantly different (p = 0.0002) between male (19.89± 9.05 mm) and female (15.63 ± 5.29 mm). The average distance from sacral hiatal apex to thelower border of the 5th sacral vertebra was significantly different (p = 0.002) between male (26.44± 11.49 mm) and female (21.75 ± 8.23 mm). The mean inter-cornual distance was no significantdifference between male and female. Discussion and Conclusion: The inverted – U, inverted – V, elongated and agenesis shapes of sacral hiatus were found in 81.28percent of sacra (male 77.30% and female 90.28%). Thus, this study suggests a high chance ofsuccess for the caudal epidural anesthesia in Thai patients, especially in females.
Overwork and Adverse Effects on Health

The Japanese Government reports that the health of Japanese employees deteriorated in the 1990s - 2000s during the Japanese recession. This paper examines the relationship between overtime work and health of employees. We present a theoretical model showing that overtime work causes an individual’s health to deteriorate. This is based on the hypothesis that overtime work is implicitly built into a firm’s promotion system. Using the data of 6,985 individuals from the first National Family Research in 1998 (NFR98) provided by the Social Science Japan Data Archive, Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, our empirical results support our hypothesis and show strong associations among overtime work, health and socio-economic characteristics of individuals, as well as labor market conditions.
The essential characteristics of industrialised building system

In essence, the growing demand for affordable housing, increasing construction costs, lower productivity rate, and heightened concern for energy-efficiency has prompted the Malaysia’s construction players to realise the immense benefits of industrialised building system. Despite its advantages, the adoption of industrialised building system has been low in gaining popularity, partly due to lack of awareness and coordination among the relevant parties. Indeed, the need to be competitive in the emerging global market has prompted the local construction players to be more open minded and receptive to novel building technology. In other word, the awareness of current trends and latest innovation in industrialised building system is essential in order to survive in the competitive market. Therefore, this article seeks to enlighten the construction industry players about the characteristics of an industrialised building system as well as its major advantages and disadvantages.
Main pathologies associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections in rabbits: a review.

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of pathologies. In rabbits, this bacterium infects dermal lesions causing suppurative dermatitis, and invades subcutaneous tissues, causing different well-known disease conditions such as mastitis, abscesses (subcutaneously or affecting internal organs) and pododermatitis. However, the lesions associated with S. aureus have rarely been described in detail in the literature. The aim of this paper is to update the knowledge on rabbit staphylococcosis by focusing mainly on the different pathologies that this organism produces in commercial rabbits.
Receiving, or ‘Adopting’, Donated Embryos to Have Children: Parents Narrate and Draw Kinship Boundaries

Existing research suggests that embryo donation (ED) may be seen as similar to adoption by those who donate or receive embryos, or it may not. Our qualitative study explored whether having a child via embryo donation initiated kinship connections between embryo donor and recipient families as interpreted by recipient parents. Interviews were conducted with five parents from four families whose child(ren) had been born via embryo donation. All four families had an open-contact relationship set up with the couples who donated their embryos through an agency in the USA. Narrative thematic analysis of interview data and visual family map drawings were used to explore kinship conceptualizations. We conclude that the dilemma experienced by parents who have a child via embryo donation is to decide how to reconcile their child’s different genetic heritage, when gestation and upbringing both clearly boundary family membership solely within the recipient family. While some families were still struggling with this dilemma, one solution embarked upon by some parents when drawing their family map was to expand family membership, not only on the basis of genetics, but also via an appreciation of shared family and community values too.
Estimating the cost of youth disengagement in New Zealand

Youth exclusion, disengagement, and overall underutilisation in the labour market are associated with serious economic and social costs. In this research we project the loss to productivity, measured in foregone wages, and the expected cost to public finances for New Zealand (NZ) and Auckland youth aged 15-24 not in employment, education, or training (collectively known as NEET). We estimate the expected per capita cost of each NEET youth in NZ is approximately $21,969 over the next one to three years. The analogous cost for the Auckland cohort is higher, due largely to greater foregone wages. Closer inspection reveals that Auckland NEET youth of Maori and Pacifica descent are associated with relatively high per capita costs compared to their NZ European counterparts. This finding is driven by the greater propensity of Maori and Pacific Peoples to disengage from the education system earlier, withdraw from the paid workforce due to caregiving responsibilities at a younger age, and to experience longer durations of unemployment than their NZ European counterparts.
Knowledge Sharing Across Professional Boundaries in Construction: Facilitators and Hindrances

In a separated processes according to professional functions, the ambition of becoming sustainable calls for collective innovation through collaboration. For this to happen, learning and the sharing of knowledge between professional groups and organisational entities needs to be improved in project-based contexts. Knowledge in the construction industry largely exists in its tacit form and is based on individuals’ experiences and perceptions of the world. This knowledge is therefore bounded by their every day practice. Studies have pointed out that research on knowledge management in the construction industry has neglected to examine the actual practices of sharing knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to explore the factors influencing knowledge sharing across organisational entities and professional groups in construction. The community of practice conceptual framework has provided a way to explore how knowledge is created and shared in the social practices of this industry. Findings from three case studies based in different organisational and project environments addressing the challenge of energy efficiency of buildings showed that brokering was needed to create opportunities for professional groups and organisational entities to communicate and share knowledge. The most fertile environments for knowledge sharing were found in pilot projects, where resources like time and funding helped create the necessary space for knowledge sharing to take place. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how knowledge is created and disseminated in practice in construction. The study as a whole contributes empirically and theoretically to the current general debate on management of knowledge.
Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese and nickel is not harmful to a cosmopolitan detritivore, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae)

Environmental contamination with metals such as manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) often results in elevated concentrations of these metals in plant tissues. At high concentrations, these metals are known to have detrimental effects on certain insect herbivores. Using laboratory bioassays and artificial diet, we investigated the development and survival of a cosmopolitan insect detritivore, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae), exposed to concentrations of Mn and Ni reaching 2600 mg Mn/kg and 5200 mg Ni/kg dry mass (dm) in artificial diet. Surprisingly, Ni and Mn at the concentrations tested did not harm this fly. Treatment groups from diets with 260–2600 mg Mn/kg dm and 1300–5200 mg Ni/kg dm had significantly shorter larval development times, overall times to adult emergence, and both pupariation and pupal eclosion times compared to a control group. Wing length of females, a correlate of adult fitness, was also greater in metal treatment groups. Other measures including rate of egg hatch, percentage of emerging flies that were female, and wing length of male flies, were not significantly different in metal treatment groups. We conclude that Megaselia scalaris is tolerant of exceptionally high levels of Mn and Ni.
Collaborative Sale Contract in Publishing Supply Chain

In Japan, books and magazines have been distributed under the resale price maintenance and consignment sale systems. At present, the return rate of books and magazines has reached approximately 40 percent of the quantity of publications under the systems mentioned above. This is a severe problem from the viewpoints of both business and environment. For the purpose to solve this problem, a new sale system where wholesale price is reasonable while buyback price is inexpensive has been programmed and practiced. The wholesale and buyback prices are important contract parameters in the transaction program between publisher and bookstore. In this paper, the publishing supply chain consisting of a publisher and a bookstore is formulated as a mathematical model. Then, we have developed a new approach to solve the collaborative sale contract problem with wholesale and buyback prices as contract parameters.
Future prospects in observational galaxy evolution: towards increased resolution

Abstract Future prospects in observational galaxy evolution are reviewed from a personal perspective. New insights will especially come from high-redshift integral field kinematic data and similar low-redshift observations in very large and definitive surveys. We will start to systematically probe the mass structures of galaxies and their haloes via lensing from new imaging surveys and upcoming near-IR spectroscopic surveys will finally obtain large numbers of rest frame optical spectra at high-redshift routinely. ALMA will be an important new ingredient, spatially resolving the molecular gas fuelling the high star-formation rates seen in the early Universe.
A biologically inspired scale-space for illumination invariant feature detection

This paper presents a new illumination invariant operator, combining the nonlinear characteristics of biological center-surround cells with the classic difference of Gaussians operator. It specifically targets the underexposed image regions, exhibiting increased sensitivity to low contrast, while not affecting performance in the correctly exposed ones. The proposed operator can be used to create a scale-space, which in turn can be a part of a SIFT-based detector module. The main advantage of this illumination invariant scale-space is that, using just one global threshold, keypoints can be detected in both dark and bright image regions. In order to evaluate the degree of illumination invariance that the proposed, as well as other, existing, operators exhibit, a new benchmark dataset is introduced. It features a greater variety of imaging conditions, compared to existing databases, containing real scenes under various degrees and combinations of uniform and non-uniform illumination. Experimental results show that the proposed detector extracts a greater number of features, with a high level of repeatability, compared to other approaches, for both uniform and non-uniform illumination. This, along with its simple implementation, renders the proposed feature detector particularly appropriate for outdoor vision systems, working in environments under uncontrolled illumination conditions.
The Dimensions of Identities and its Roles in Shaping Teachers’ Effectiveness

Teachers’ effectiveness and commitment towards their job are related to the way they value their significance and professionalism. In other words, the way teachers value themselves is related to their professional identities. This research was conducted to examine the nature of teachers’ dimensions of identities and how these dimensions interconnected to each other in determining teachers’ effectiveness. Research participants were 20 teachers, ranging from new to senior teachers from ten secondary schools. Data was generated through one-to-one interviews. The analysis of data was conducted using thematic analysis. The findings showed the emergence of four main dimensions of teachers’ identities. This paper explained in details the influences of these sets of identities on teachers’ effectiveness. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n3s1p306
Isolation, identification and antiproliferative activity of triterpenes from the genus Monotheca A. DC.

The Monotheca A. DC. is a monotypic genus of the family Sapotaceae, which is widely distributed in Afghanistan, Djbouti, Northern Somalia, Oman, Pakistan and Southern Ethiopia. North-west Pakistan is the main region where Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. , the only species of this genus, locally known as “Gurgura”, grows abundantly. It is an evergreen, fruit-producing medicinal tree. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aerial parts of M. buxifolia afforded lupeol (1), lupeol acetate (2), betulin (3), oleanolic acid (4) and β-amyrin (5) from the n-hexane and the chloroform fractions. This is the first report on the isolation, and identification of triterpenes (1-5) as the major compounds in the active fractions with antiproliferative property, and also on the antiproliferative activity of M. buxifolia extract and fractions against the human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 in vitro.
Supercritical Water Treatment of Crude Oil and Hexylbenzene: An Experimental and Mechanistic Study on Alkylbenzene Decomposition

High concentrations of fuel-range hydrocarbons may be recovered from heavier alkyl-aromatic compounds in crude oil after supercritical water (SCW) treatment. Arabian Heavy (AH) crude oil was treated in SCW and analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID). Cracking mechanisms were investigated using the model compound hexylbenzene under similar SCW treatment conditions. The results of the model compound experiments were compared to predictions of a kinetic model built by the Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG). AH crude cracked significantly during SCW treatment. The GC-observable mass fraction increased by 90%. We conducted studies on the distilled samples of crude oil and found that significant changes in the composition of the SCW-treated heavy fraction occurred. Significant formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons and small-chain BTX-type compounds were found in the SCW-processed samples. Hexylbenzene conversions differed between the crude oil studies and the model compound studies. The me.
Factors Impacting the Liquid Penetration Performance of Surgical Gown Fabric

The barrier efficacy of protective surgical gowns has gained importance due to the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population. Most surgical gown fabrics are tested and categorized using standard laboratory conditions which are different from the conditions encountered in the surgical area. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN) have published regulations that indicate surgical apparel should protect wearers ‘‘under normal conditions of use and for the duration of time [for] which it will be used’’ (Federal Register 56, p. 64177). This research examined factors influencing the liquid penetration of surgical gown fabric during use. Two fabrics currently in common use for surgical gowns, a disposable material and a reusable material, were tested using AATCC 42 (the Impact Penetration Test) and AATCC 127 (Hydrostatic Pressure Test) called for in ASTM F2407 (Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities). Variables in this study were ambient/fabric temperature, challenge liquid type, challenge liquid temperature, and wetness of fabrics. Results indicated that ambient/fabric temperature, challenge liquid type and challenge liquid temperature did impact the liquid penetration of fabric. Increasing ambient/fabric temperature led to increases in liquid penetration of fabrics. Type of challenge liquid significantly influenced liquid penetration of fabrics, with higher penetration when fabrics were challenged by synthetic blood. There were also significant increases in liquid penetration of fabrics after pre-wetting the inner or outer surface of the fabric. The overall conclusion drawn from this study was that protective clothing materials need to be evaluated under normal condition of use; standard testing procedure may give a false measure of the protective performance of products when conditions of use vary from conditions in the test method.
Importance of the swimbladder in acoustic scattering by fish: A comparison of gadoid and mackerel target strengths

Previous determinations of the swimbladder contribution to the fish backscattering cross section have been hindered by ignorance of the acoustic boundary conditions at the swimbladder wall. The present study circumvents this problem by direct comparison of target strengths of three gadoid species and mackerel — anatomically comparable fusiform fish which respectively possess and lack a swimbladder. The relative swimbladder contribution to both maximum and averaged dorsal aspect backscattering cross sections is shown to be approximately 90% to 95%, which is higher than most other estimates. The new results were established for fish of 29‐ to 42‐cm length and acoustic frequencies of 38 and 120 kHz.
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM OF FRP-CONFINED CONCRETE WITH DIFFERENT LOADING RATES by BRANDY SUTHERLAND

The accuracy and applicability of the existing stress-strain models for concrete confined by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) were analytically and experimentally explored. This investigation includes major parameters affecting the stress-strain response of confined concrete, including the loading pattern and protocol. It has been observed and reported that the experimentally recorded stress-strain relationship of the same specimen will be different if the loading protocol of the test is switched from displacement control to load control. In the experimental phase of this study, four standard 6” by 12” concrete cylinders were constructed using the same concrete batch for consistency. Three two-inch strain gauges were affixed equally spaced at mid-height on the surface of the specimen in the longitudinal direction, and two two-inch strain gauges were applied in the lateral direction at mid-height opposite each other. CFRP was then impregnated with a two-part epoxy and applied externally in two continuous layers, with an overlap. During the first phase of the experimental program, the tests were conducted with a constant load rate or with a constant displacement rate. The data was collected from externally mounted strain gauges and potentiometers positioned on the opposite sides of the cylinder in the longitudinal direction. Since the capacity of the existing actuator in the structural lab was less than the required failure level of the specimens, a nutcracker-like device was constructed to increase the mechanical advantage of the test frame in the second phase of the experimental program. In this phase, all tests were conducted in displacement control. Various models were selected to be studied from a large number of existing models that propose to determine the stress-strain relationship of concrete. Analytical predictions of the models were compared against the experimental data. Results show that some of the models provide a reasonable prediction of the real performance of the specimen. However, in general, predictions are different from the real performance for most models.
Constructs for Programming with Graph Rewrites

Graph rewriting is becoming increasingly popular as a method for programming with graph based data structures. We present several modifications to a basic serial graph rewriting paradigm and discuss how they improve coding programs in the Grrr graph rewriting programming language. The constructs we present are once only nodes, attractor nodes and single match rewrites. We illustrate the operation of the constructs by example. The advantages of adding these new rewrite modifiers is to reduce the size of programs, improve the efficiency of execution and simplify the host graph undergoing rewriting.
Transversals, Plexes, and Multiplexes in Iterated Quasigroups

A $d$-ary quasigroup of order $n$ is a $d$-ary operation over a set of cardinality $n$ such that the Cayley table of the operation is a $d$-dimensional latin hypercube of the same order. Given a binary quasigroup $G$, the $d$-iterated quasigroup $G^{\left[d\right]}$ is a $d$-ary quasigroup that is a $d$-time composition of $G$ with itself. A $k$-multiplex (a $k$-plex) $K$ in a $d$-dimensional latin hypercube $Q$ of order $n$ or in the corresponding $d$-ary quasigroup is a multiset (a set) of $kn$ entries such that each hyperplane and each symbol of $Q$ is covered by exactly $k$ elements of $K$. It is common to call 1-plexes transversals. In this paper we prove that there exists a constant $c(G,k)$ such that if a $d$-iterated quasigroup $G$ of order $n$ has a $k$-multiplex then for large $d$ the number of its $k$-multiplexes is asymptotically equal to $c(G,k) \left(\frac{(kn)! }{k! ^n}\right)^{d-1}$. As a corollary we obtain that if the number of transversals in the Cayley table of a $d$-iterated quasigroup $G$ of order $n$ is nonzero then asymptotically it is $c(G,1) n! ^{d-1}$. In addition, we provide limit constants and recurrence formulas for the numbers of transversals in two iterated quasigroups of order $5$, characterize a typical $k$-multiplex and estimate numbers of partial $k$-multiplexes and transversals in $d$-iterated quasigroups.