Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perineuronal nets ensheath fast spiking, parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons in the medial septum/diagonal band complex

Perineuronal nets, composed of extracellular matrix material, have previously been associated with parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons in the medial septum/diagonal band (MS/DB) complex of the rat. The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of perineuronal nets with electrophysiological properties and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in MS/DB neurons. Intracellular recordings were made from cells in a brain slice preparation maintained in vitro, and neurons were characterized into four populations: (i) slow‐firing neurons, (ii) burst‐firing neurons, (iii) fast spiking neurons with narrow action potentials and a small degree of spike frequency adaptation, and (iv) regular spiking neurons with broader action potentials and a high degree of spike frequency adaptation. Following electrophysiological characterization, neurons were filled with biocytin, processed for parvalbumin immunoreactivity and stained for perineuronal nets using Wisteria floribunda lectin. The three substances were viewed with triple fluorescence. Fast spiking, nonadapting neurons, shown previously to contain parvalbumin immunoreactivity, were nearly all ensheathed by perineuronal nets. There was a population of small parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons which did not possess perineuronal nets, and which were not encountered with the intracellular electrodes. The other three neuron types in the MS/DB did not contain parvalbumin immunoreactivity or perineuronal nets. In keeping with this neurochemical profile for electrophysiologically identified neurons, burst‐firing neurons had action potential parameters more similar to those of regular spiking than of fast spiking neurons. We conclude that fast spiking neurons, presumed to be GABAergic septohippocampal projection neurons, are surrounded by supportive structures to enable the high level of neuronal discharge required for producing disinhibition of hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
Towards an Empirical Analysis of .NET Framework and C# Language Features' Adoption

Software companies such as Microsoft periodically release new versions of the . NET framework and C# language suites. New features are introduced in each of these new releases. Currently, there is little or no empirical analysis of the adoption of . NET framework and C# programming language features and studies on how successfully those features are accepted by the community. The aim of this work is to create a set of long term statistics about the use of the new . NET and C# language features across existing popular libraries.
Nonneoplastic renal cortical scarring at tumor nephrectomy predicts decline in kidney function.

CONTEXT Evaluating nontumor portions of tumor nephrectomies is useful to diagnose nonneoplastic renal disease. OBJECTIVE To determine the medical renal disease frequency and to assess the prognostic significance of the various renal pathologic variables with long-term follow-up in tumor nephrectomy patients. DESIGN We reviewed nonneoplastic kidney sections of 456 consecutive cases from 1998 to 2008. Seventy-five cases were excluded (19 tumor compression, 25 no nonneoplastic tissue, 22 embolized kidneys, 9 end stage). Special staining, immunofluorescence, and/or electron microscopy was performed where appropriate. Vascular sclerosis was scored from mild to severe; interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and global glomerulosclerosis (GS) were expressed as percentages. Follow-up, minimum 12 months, was evaluated in 156 cases. All renal pathologic variables were compared with regard to change in creatinine level from preoperative assessment to follow-up. RESULTS Of 381 cases, 57 had additional medical renal disease (15%), most frequently diabetic nephropathy (28) and hypertensive nephropathy (11). Postoperative creatinine levels increased significantly in patients with severe arteriosclerosis or arteriolosclerosis, >5% GS, and >10% interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy. Seventy-four percent of cases with additional nonneoplastic diagnoses showed severe arteriolosclerosis. Higher corresponding GS was seen in the more affected vascular cases: mean, 5.56% GS for mild versus 23% GS for severe. Three patients progressed to renal failure 1 to 4 years after nephrectomy, 2 with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and 1 with diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Medical renal disease was identified in 15% of tumor nephrectomy specimens. The degrees of vascular sclerosis, GS, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy are predictive of elevated creatinine levels in postnephrectomy patients. Prognostic implications of the nontumor pathology are important in nephrectomized patients.
Evaluation of health literacy status among patients in a tertiary care hospital in coastal karnataka, India.

INTRODUCTION People with limited health literacy are more likely to make medication errors, and they have less health knowledge, worse health status, more hospitalizations, and higher healthcare costs than people with adequate literacy. The objective of this study is to assess the health literacy status among patients who are able to read and understand English attending a tertiary care hospital by using Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine [REALM] technique and to compare the health literacy levels to educational status and other baseline characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A widely used word recognition method [REALM] was used to assess the HL status of 200 patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. The number of correctly pronounced words was used to assign a grade-equivalent reading level. Scores 0 to 44 indicate reading skills at or below the 6th grade level, scores from 45 to 60 represent skills at the 7th or 8th grade level, and scores above 60 indicate skills at the high-school level or higher. RESULTS HL status was found below adequate level in more than 50% of the patients. Younger age group showed better HL scores compared to those aged more than 25 years. General education level or the medium of education does not truly reflect HL levels as brought out in the study. Even those with postgraduate qualification had poor HL skills. CONCLUSION The study was carried out to find out the HL levels among patients attending a tertiary care hospital. It was assumed that the general education levels may not reflect true HL status. In view of the results of this study it can be concluded that patient's HL skills should not be taken for granted and adequate attention should be paid in educating and briefing patients whenever patients are required to interpret and understand health care related documents.
La demanda de importaciones y exportaciones de México en la era del TLCAN. Un enfoque de cointegración

Este articulo busca caracterizar los flujos de comercio internacional de Mexico durante el periodo de vigencia del Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte ( TLCAN ). Las ecuaciones de importaciones y exportaciones se basan en el modelo de bienes sustitutos imperfectos y son estimadas utilizando el enfoque de cointegracion de Johansen, con datos mensuales para el periodo 1994-2014. De esta manera, se encuentra que todas las variables pueden describirse como procesos de tendencia estocastica y que existe una relacion de cointegracion para cada ecuacion de comercio. En ambos casos, las elasticidades precio e ingreso de largo plazo estimadas son significativas y sus signos son consistentes con la teoria economica. En particular, ambos flujos de comercio son inelasticos respecto a los precios relativos, y parecen satisfacer la condicion Marshall-Lerner. Por otra parte, las importaciones mexicanas son elasticas respecto al producto, lo cual es indicativo de la alta dependencia de insumos importados de la actividad economica mexicana. A diferencia de la literatura previa, se encuentra que las exportaciones son inelasticas respecto a la produccion industrial de los Estados Unidos en este periodo, lo cual implica una mayor estabilidad de estas ante fluctuaciones en el desempeno de la economia estadunidense.
Hereditary Progressive Mucinous Histiocytosis: New Insights Into a Rare Disease

Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis is a rare, benign, skin‐limited form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We report on a 5‐year‐old boy who presented in infancy with self‐resolving dermal nodules but later developed persistent and progressive erythematous papules on the face and scalp. Histologic evaluation revealed dermal aggregates of S‐100/CD1a‐negative histiocytes with abundant mucin. We present this case to highlight the evolution of the lesional morphology in infancy and early childhood and to stress the importance of histology in confirming this rare disorder.
A prospective study of asthma incidence and its predictors: the RHINE study

The objective of this longitudinal study was to estimate the incidence rate of asthma, and to compare the incidence between subjects with or without baseline reporting of certain respiratory symptoms. A follow-up of the random population samples in the European Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Estonia was conducted in 1999–2001, in a population aged 30–54 yrs at follow-up (n=14,731). Asthma was defined as reporting either asthma or physician-diagnosed asthma, and a reported year when asthma symptoms were first noticed. Incidence rates, incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The incidence rate of asthma was 2.2 cases per 1,000 person-yrs. The incidence was higher among females (2.9 cases·1,000 person-yrs−1) than among males (1.5 cases·1,000 person-yrs−1). When subjects with baseline reporting of wheezing were excluded, the incidence rate decreased to 1.7 cases·1,000 person-yrs−1, with a further decrease to 1.5 cases·1,000 person-yrs−1 after exclusion of subjects with wheezing, nocturnal dyspnoea, chest tightness and cough. There was a strong association between onset of asthma and wheezing at baseline. In this prospective, population-based study, the incidence rate of asthma in the whole population sample ranged 1.5–2.2·1,000 person-yrs−1, with a higher incidence range among females. The incidence was dependent on the extent to which subjects with respiratory symptoms were excluded from follow-up. Hence, for comparability between studies, the exclusion criteria in the follow-up population must be stated.
Instructive niches: environmental instructions that confound NG2 proteoglycan expression and the fate‐restriction of CNS progenitors

Cellullar deficits are replenished within the central nervous system (CNS) by progenitors to maintain integrity and recover function after injury. NG2 proteoglycan‐expressing progenitors replenish oligodendrocyte populations, but the nature of NG2 proteoglycan may not indicate a restricted population of progenitors. After injury, restorative spatiotemporal cues have the potential ability to regulate divergent fate‐choices for NG2 progenitors, and NG2 progenitors are known to produce multiple cell types in vitro. Recent data suggest that NG2 expression is attenuated while protein levels remain high within injurious tissue; thus, NG2 expression is not static but transiently controlled in response to a dynamic interplay of environmental cues. Therefore, NG2 proteoglycan expression could label newly generated cells or be inherited by resident cell populations that produce oligodendrocytes for remyelination, astrocytes that provide trophic support and other cells that contribute to CNS function.
Intra-industry competition among employer associations: a case study of the retail sector

ABSTRACT There is sizeable literature on how trade unions have responded to structural changes in the labour market and the re-regulation of labour laws in Australia. In comparison, however, there is little coverage on the responses of employer associations – even though they face many of the same challenges as unions in the new industrial landscape. Literature on employer associations’ adaptive mechanisms highlights the need for employer bodies to manage the tension between offering traditional ‘collective goods’ while responding to the changing needs of individual members by offering tailored services for additional fees. We know that the provision of these individualised services creates competition between employer groups and professional services firms. But competition, resulting from regulatory changes, also occurs between associations themselves. This article explores such competition among Australia’s three major national retail bodies. Product market competition between industry-based employer associations is rarely discussed in the literature and we aim to address this gap. We propose the following: (1) environmental variations arising from the aforesaid regulatory reforms serve to intensify industry association’s product market competition; (2) environmental variations, however, also increase market segmentation between these associations, which dampens competition; (3) to the extent that the environmental changes affect the whole of the industry, these may prompt collaboration among industry bodies due to common interests between them, further reducing competitive pressure; (4) the history of relationship between competing associations may impact on their competitive dynamics; and finally, (5) intra-industry, product market competition tends to shift the organisational identity of an employer association away from a traditional and collective identity, towards a business-like identity.
A Community Survey of Self-Medication Activities

The objectives of this research were to explore lay medication activities as an aspect of self-managed health care in the Canadian context and to identify the sociodemographic and sociomedical characteristics of those who engage in self-medication. Interview data were collected in 1983 from a random cross-sectional sample of 524 adult residents living in Winnipeg, Canada. Respondents were questioned about the types of medicines they keep in their home (both prescribed and nonprescribed), self-treated symptomatic conditions; recent medication activities, the use of prescribed medicine in self-treated illness episodes, and the use of home remedies. This study contributes to a growing body of international evidence that has demonstrated that self-medication is a vital part of daily self-care behavior. For the most part, the results are comparable to those reported by previous British and U.S. studies of self-medication. Winnipeg residents were found to be active self-care providers who engage in a variety of self-medication practices. The study also illustrates the fact that the altered use of prescribed drugs (particularly by those with higher levels of formal education) is an important aspect of self-medication behavior. These findings have clear implications for health care practitioners.
Transfer function-derived central pressure and cardiovascular disease events: the Framingham Heart Study

Background: Relations between central pulse pressure (PP) or pressure amplification and major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are controversial. Estimates of central aortic pressure derived using radial artery tonometry and a generalized transfer function may better predict CVD risk beyond the predictive value of brachial SBP. Methods: Augmentation index, central SBP, central PP, and central-to-peripheral PP amplification were evaluated using radial artery tonometry and a generalized transfer function as implemented in the SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical, Itasca, Illinois, USA). We used proportional hazards models to examine relations between central hemodynamics and first-onset major CVD events in 2183 participants (mean age 62 years, 58% women) in the Framingham Heart Study. Results: During median follow-up of 7.8 (limits 0.2–8.9) years, 149 participants (6.8%) had an incident event. Augmentation index (P = 0.6), central aortic systolic pressure (P = 0.20), central aortic PP (P = 0.24), and PP amplification (P = 0.15) were not related to CVD events in multivariable models that adjusted for age, sex, brachial cuff systolic pressure, use of antihypertensive therapy, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, smoking, and presence of diabetes. In a model that included standard risk factors, model fit was improved (P = 0.03) when brachial systolic pressure was added after central, whereas model fit was not improved (P = 0.30) when central systolic pressure was added after brachial. Conclusion: After considering standard risk factors, including brachial cuff SBP, augmentation index, central PP and PP amplification derived using radial artery tonometry, and a generalized transfer function were not predictive of CVD risk.
Examining the Influence of International Tourists’ Destination Image and Satisfaction on Their Behavioral Intention in Penang, Malaysia

ABSTRACT This study contributes to tourism and marketing literature by examining the relationships among tourist destination image, satisfaction, and behavioral intention through structural equation modeling. Data were obtained from a survey of 420 foreign tourists visiting Penang, Malaysia, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The findings supported the revisiting behavioral intention model, which indicated that overall satisfaction of a tourist is reflected on the image of the tourist destination. A significant relationship was observed between overall satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, destination satisfaction indirectly affected tourist loyalty through overall satisfaction. The tourist destination image increases the perceived satisfaction and fosters the behavioral intentions of tourists. The study developed and empirically tested a conceptual model how overall image and overall satisfaction affect the willingness of tourists to revisit and to recommend a specific destination to other potential visitors. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed in the conclusion.
Association between hospitals caring for a disproportionately high percentage of minority trauma patients and increased mortality: a nationwide analysis of 434 hospitals.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an increased odds of mortality among trauma patients treated at hospitals with higher proportions of minority patients (ie, black and Hispanic patients combined). DESIGN Hospitals were categorized on the basis of the percentage of minority patients admitted with trauma. The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality were compared between hospitals with less than 25% of patients who were minorities (the reference group) and hospitals with 25% to 50% of patients who were minorities and hospitals with more than 50% of patients who were minorities. Multivariate logistic regression (with generalized linear modeling and a cluster-correlated robust estimate of variance) was used to control for multiple patient and injury severity characteristics. SETTING A total of 434 hospitals in the National Trauma Data Bank. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 18 to 64 years whose medical records were included in the National Trauma Data Bank for the years 2007 and 2008 with an Injury Severity Score of 9 or greater and who were white, black, or Hispanic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Crude mortality and adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 311,568 patients were examined. Hospitals in which the percentage of minority patients was more than 50% also had younger patients, fewer female patients, more patients with penetrating trauma, and the highest crude mortality. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients treated at hospitals in which the percentage of minority patients was 25% to 50% and at hospitals in which the percentage of minority patients was more than 50% demonstrated increased odds of death (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.34] and adjusted odds ratio, 1.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.61], respectively), compared with the reference group. This disparity increased further on subset analysis of patients with a blunt injury. Uninsured patients had significantly increased odds of mortality within all 3 hospital groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated at hospitals with higher proportions of minority trauma patients have increased odds of dying, even after adjusting for potential confounders. Differences in outcomes between trauma hospitals may partly explain racial disparities.
Effectiveness of integrated care including therapeutic assertive community treatment in severe schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar I disorders: the 24-month follow-up ACCESS II study.

OBJECTIVE The ACCESS treatment model offers assertive community treatment embedded in an integrated care program to patients with psychoses. Compared to standard care and within a controlled study, it proved to be more effective in terms of service disengagement and illness outcomes in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders over 12 months. ACCESS was implemented into clinical routine and its effectiveness assessed over 24 months in severe schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar I disorder with psychotic features (DSM-IV) in a cohort study. METHOD All 115 patients treated in ACCESS (from May 2007 to October 2009) were included in the ACCESS II study. The primary outcome was rate of service disengagement. Secondary outcomes were change of psychopathology, severity of illness, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, satisfaction with care, medication nonadherence, length of hospital stay, and rates of involuntary hospitalization. RESULTS Only 4 patients (3.4%) disengaged with the service. Another 11 (9.6%) left because they moved outside the catchment area. Patients received a mean of 1.6 outpatient contacts per week. Involuntary admissions decreased from 34.8% in the 2 previous years to 7.8% during ACCESS (P < .001). Mixed models repeated-measures analyses revealed significant improvements among all patients in psychopathology (effect size d = 0.64, P < .001), illness severity (d = 0.84, P = .03), functioning level (d = 0.65, P < .001), quality of life (d = 0.50, P < .001), and client satisfaction (d = 0.11, P < .001). At 24 months, 78.3% were fully adherent to medication, compared to 25.2% at baseline (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS ACCESS was successfully implemented in clinical routine and maintained excellent rates of service engagement and other outcomes in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders or bipolar I disorder with psychotic features over 24 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01888627.