Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferences for menu labelling formats of young adults in Brazil and in the United Kingdom

Objective This pilot study was aimed at exploring preferences of young adults in two different contexts on restaurant menu labelling formats. Methods Five focus groups were conducted with 36 participants, two focus groups with 11 participants in Brazil and three focus groups with 25 in the United Kingdom. Themes originating from the content analysis of the transcriptions were organised around four possible menu labelling formats: 1) numerical information on calories; 2) numerical information on calories and nutrients; 3) traffic light system plus Guideline Daily Amounts; 4) food information with ingredients list plus highlighted symbols. Results In both countries, participants preferred the ingredients list plus symbols format, considered more comprehensive and useful to make an informed food choice. Organic food and vegetarian symbols were the ones considered most important to appear on restaurant menu labels with ingredients list. However, most participants in Brazil and in the United Kingdom rejected the information restricted to calories and calories plus nutrients formats, saying that these would not influence their own choices. Conclusion This is the first multicultural qualitative study exploring preferences of people living in different countries with different eating habits, but where menu labelling is voluntary. Results evidenced similarities in participants' likes and dislikes for menu labelling formats in these two different contexts. Discussions showed participants in both countries prefer qualitative information than numerical information, suggesting that ingredients list and symbols provide information that people want to see on the menu.
Spatial multiplexing in multiuser networks with limited feedback

The recent increase in demand for high data-rate wireless applications has resulted in a need for wireless communication systems with high spectral efficiencies. One of the most promising ways to achieve such high spectral efficiencies is a transmission technique called spatial multiplexing. Over the recent years, spatial multiplexing has been extensively studied for single-user wireless systems as well as for multiuser wireless networks such as broadcast networks and interference networks. In particular, it has been shown that achievability of full spatial multiplexing gain in both broadcast and interference networks depends critically on the channel knowledge available at the sources. Since sources often obtain channel knowledge through limited capacity feedback links, it is important to develop transmission schemes that can achieve full spatial multiplexing gain in broadcast and interference networks with limited feedback. In this thesis, we consider three important classes of interference networks and a class of broadcast networks, and propose, for each class, a (limited capacity) feedback and transmission scheme that achieves full spatial multiplexing gain. We first consider a large interference network that models the second hop of the multiuser relaying protocol proposed by Bölcskei et al. (2006). The results in Bölcskei et al. (2006) imply that full spatial multiplexing gain is achievable in this network, provided that each source has perfect knowledge of its channel to its corresponding destination. We show that full spatial multiplexing gain is achievable even if the perfect channel knowledge assumption is relaxed to having an error-free 1-bit broadcast feedback link from each destination
Objeto educacional digital : evaluación de la herramienta para la práctica de enseñanza de la enfermería Digital learning objects : an assessment of a tool for the practice of nursing education *

Objective: To describe the opinions of students regarding the use of technology, educational practices experienced, support for the learner and learning results achieved through the virtual environment. Methods: This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative approach, performed in a School of Nursing, with the participation of 43 students, of the discipline Human Care Fundamentals I, who responded to a questionnaire, evaluating the process used. Results: Data showed that the evaluation of the proposed activity on vital signs, using a computer, was positive regarding the use of technology, the educational practices experienced, the learner support and the results achieved, by learning through the virtual environment. Conclusion: The technology energizes the classroom teaching and allowed the development of skills in the area of computer science and in methodology for solving problems. Descriptors: Education, nursing; Educational technology; Computer-assisted instruction; Problem-based in learning
What are the Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in an Ethiopian Cohort with focus on young-onset CRC?

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com apparent that ‘young-onset CRC’ which is generally defined as ≤40 years (although alternative definitions exist), is becoming more prevalent in developing and developed nations [1,8]. Traditionally, young-onset CRC make up 7% of western cohorts, however, this figure is complicated by the inclusion of patients with predisposing genetic syndromes (e.g. Lynch Syndrome) and comorbid illness (e.g. Inflammatory Bowel Disease) [9]. In addition most observations regarding young-onset CRC have been made using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result Registries (SEERs) based on American and World Health Organisation (WHO) databases. Given these factors and the rarity of such cases relevance of young onset CRC and interpretation of epidemiology in third world cohorts remains debatable.
Alveolar Bone Growth with Orthoeruption

This teenage patient presents with pronounced esthetic and functional dental concerns. An anterior frontal view of the patient’s dentition shows virtually total facial blockage of the maxillary right central incisor creating mesial contact of the right lateral incisor with the left central incisor immediately lingual to the blocked out right central incisor. A similar severe misalignment takes place with the orientation of the mandibular left canine and adjacent mandibular left premolar and mandibular left lateral incisor. In addition, the patient exhibits a pronounced overbite with maxillary anterior teeth entirely covering the opposing mandibular teeth and with an overjet of 4 mm. This case report illustrates the potential to grow alveolar bone with the orthodontic systems known as Fastbraces® Technologies that is based on the non-extraction mechanically aided continuation of eruption by moving the roots towards their final position from the onset of therapy. Post treatment clinical photos and radiographic results show dramatic esthetic and functional improvement with the elimination of the severe pretreatment crowding and occlusal discrepancy with the establishment of a stable occlusion and good intercuspation.
Success effectiveness and safety of combined sonographic and fluoroscopic guided percutaneous nephrostomy in malignant ureteral obstruction

Introduction Percutaneous nephrostomy PCN is a palliative procedure required to drain malignant ureteral obstruction to provide reasonable benefit to the patient The study was conducted with the objective to assess the success effectiveness and safety of combined USG and Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous nephrostomy in malignant ureteral obstruction Method obstructed ureters due to malignant cause in patients were drained by PCN using combined ultrasound USG and fluoroscopic guidance Post procedural renal function tests were compared to pre procedural values using paired t test Percentage of correct placement of tube and complications were studied Result PCN was successful in units Significant improvement in renal function occurred in patients Mean urea dropped from mg dl plusmn to plusmn mg d and mean S creatinine decreased from plusmn to plusmn between days No statistically significant increase was seen in renal parenchymal thickness Major complications developed in while minor in PCN rsquo s with pain being the most common complication in cases Conclusion PCN was successfully performed under combined image guidance and it effectively drained the obstructed kidney It is a safe procedure but has a high minor complication rate leading to patient morbidity
XEN-D0501, a novel TRPV1 antagonist, does not reduce cough in refractory cough patients

Rationale: Heightened cough responses to inhaled capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist, are characteristic of patients with chronic cough. However, previously, a TRPV1 antagonist (SB-705498) failed to improve spontaneous cough frequency in these patients, despite small reductions in capsaicin-evoked cough.Objectives: XEN-D0501 (a potent TRPV1 antagonist) was compared with SB-705498 in preclinical studies to establish whether an improved efficacy profile would support a further clinical trial of XEN-D0501 in refractory chronic cough.Methods: XEN-D0501 and SB-705498 were profiled against capsaicin in a sensory nerve activation assay and in vivo potency established against capsaicin-induced cough in the guinea pig. Twenty patients with refractory chronic cough participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating the effect of 14 days of XEN-D0501 (oral, 4 mg twice daily) versus placebo on awake cough frequency (primary outcome), capsaicin-e.
Microbiological Pattern in Preterm Prelabour Rupture of the Fetal Membranes in South-Western Nigeria

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Nigeria 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Nigeria 3Department of Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 4Department of Family Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Babcock University, Nigeria
Lexical Simplification and Elaboration: An Experiment in Sentence Comprehension and Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition

Use of simplification and elaboration to enhance input comprehension has attracted attention of SLA researchers. It is commonly believed that simplifying input will enhance L2 comprehension; however, several researchers have argued against its use because (a) simplifying input does not necessarily aid comprehension (e.g., Blau, 1982), and (b) it removes from the input linguistic items that L2 learners need to learn (e.g., Yano, Long, & Ross, 1994). Input elaboration has been proposed as an alternative to simplification under the belief that it aids comprehension but does not hinder language learning. The present study reports on an experiment in the effects of simplification and elaboration on L2 comprehension and SLA with a focus on the lexical domain of English. Forty Japanese learners of English participated in the study, and the results suggest that (a) both lexical simplification and elaboration improve learner comprehension at the sentence level; (b) lexical elaboration triggers incidental vocabulary acquisition while simplification does not; and (c) learners of higher proficiency benefit more from lexical elaboration in terms of the acquisition of word meanings. Background: ♦ Types of modification • Simplification: controlling the text targeted to L2 learners by removing unfamiliar linguistic items (e.g., unknown grammatical constructions and lexis) in order to enhance comprehension. • Elaboration: adding redundant information to the text through the use of repetition, paraphrases, and appositonals (Long, 1996, p. 422).
Topics in Content Based Image Retrieval Fonts and Color Emotions

Two novel contributions to Content Based Image Retrieval are presented and discussed. The first is a search engine for font recognition. The intended usage is the search in very large font databases. The input to the search engine is an image of a text line, and the output is the name of the font used when printing the text. After pre-processing and segmentation of the input image, a local approach is used, where features are calculated for individual characters. The method is based on eigenimages calculated from edge filtered character images, which enables compact feature vectors that can be computed rapidly. A system for visualizing the entire font database is also proposed. Applying geometry preserving linear- and non-linear manifold learning methods, the structure of the high-dimensional feature space is mapped to a two-dimensional representation, which can be reorganized into a grid-based display. The performance of the search engine and the visualization tool is illustrated with a large database containing more than 2700 fonts. The second contribution is the inclusion of color-based emotion-related properties in image retrieval. The color emotion metric used is derived from psychophysical experiments and uses three scales: activity, weight and heat. It was originally designed for single-color combinations and later extended to include pairs of colors. A modified approach for statistical analysis of color emotions in images, involving transformations of ordinary RGB-histograms, is used for image classification and retrieval. The methods are very fast in feature extraction, and descriptor vectors are very short. This is essential in our application where the intended use is the search in huge image databases containing millions or billions of images. The proposed method is evaluated in psychophysical experiments, using both category scaling and interval scaling. The results show that people in general perceive color emotions for multi-colored images in similar ways, and that observer judgments correlate with derived values. Both the font search engine and the emotion based retrieval system are implemented in publicly available search engines. User statistics gathered during a period of 20 respectively 14 months are presented and discussed.
Pharmacovigilance Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study Among Health Professionals in Yaoundé, Cameroon

The term pharmacovigilance means all scientific and data gathering activities relating to the detection, assessment, and understanding of adverse events. These activities are undertaken with the goal of identifying adverse events and understanding, their nature, frequency, and potential risk factors [1]. In developing countries there is a gap of information on data outcome of adverse reaction of most approved drugs in the market. This may be due to postmarketing sensitization by the medical delegates or by the medics administering the drugs to inform patients to report any problems linked to the drug during administration [1,2]. There is therefore the need to understand the knowledge gap in pharmacovigilance among patients and stake holders of drug use. Post-marketing surveillance, phamacovigilance and adverse event/adverse experience are related to any untoward medical occurrence that may present during treatment with a pharmaceutical product but which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment [3]. Reported information on a possible causal relationship between an adverse event and a drug, the relationship being unknown or incompletely documented previously in most cases more than a single report is required to generate a signal, depending upon the seriousness of the event and the quality of the information [3,4]. We may have to trace back the need for pharmacovigilance studies from Volume 4 Issue 6 2017
Overweight and obesity prevalence in referral population of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Subjects and methods: A prospective study was performed in a referral (clinical) population, included 397 infertile women (134 with PCOS, aged 28.2 ±4.7 years (Group A) and 263 without PCOS, aged 29.4 ±5.4 years (Group B); 363 Caucasians and 34 Asians), who were referred for the evaluation of infertility at clinical research centers in Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude (Eastern Siberia) between 2007 and 2015, and agreed to participate in the prospective study. 53 fertile women aged 27.6 ±7.3 years were recruited as controls. A complete medical history, physical examination with BMI calculation, laparoscopy, pelvic ultrasound and hormonal immunoassay analysis were performed in all patients.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Presentation and Outcome of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

At the beginning of the 21st Century, obesity has become the leading metabolic disease in the world, So that the World Health Organization (WHO) refers to obesity as the global epidemic [1]. Obesity has important clinical and epidemiological implications as it is associated with many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, a relation has been established between obesity and insulin resistance, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, thrombosis, hypertension (HTN), atherosclerosis, and stroke. In addition, beyond being an unfavorable risk factor profile, overweight and obesity also affect heart structure and function [2]. There are multiple mechanisms by which obesity leads to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. It is associated with multiple factors which themselves are major risk factors for atherosclerosis, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia (i.e. high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations) and hypertension. Obesity also directly contributes to atherogenesis via the effects of some adipokines which are proinflammatory substances secreted by the adipose tissue especially interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), angiotensin II and leptin [3]. In the current environment, given the epidemic of obesity as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), there is conflict of data on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on presentation and outcome in patients presented with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Recent studies have described a better outcome of obese patients in the clinical course of acute coronary syndrome, and obesity is associated with a trend towards a lower mortality during hospital stay. That is what called “The obesity paradox” [46]. Several factors and explanations stand behind this hypothesis of “obesity paradox” for example younger age at presentation with lower coronary artery disease burden [7,8], and chronic use of cardio protective drugs for other risk factors like HTN, diabetes and dyslipidemia [4,5]. So we aimed to study the impact of BMI on the presentation and in-hospital outcome in patients presented with acute STEMI.
The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma and the Possibilities of Anti-Cytokine Therapy

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com HT and IHD (comparison group) and 20 were healthy subjects. All patients signed informed consent before the study. The Protocol of the study was passed review and was approved by the local ethics Committee of our University. The presence of IgE was determined to tick and house dust allergens, as well as the combined allergens of grass pollen, trees, weeds and flowers, S. pneumon, H. influenzae, and N. rerflava. The following cytokines were investigated: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα. All patients were examined during disease exacerbation. The INFP and ATP were determined for each subject. The results of the study of CK levels and CK combinations, the so-called cytokine profile, indicate that they cannot be used for clinical diagnosis, including nosological diagnosis, the assessment of disease severity, and for selecting individual therapy, including anti-cytokine medications.
Offering High-Definition Peer-Assisted Video on-Demand Systems: Modeling, Optimization and Evaluation

The past decade has witnessed the fast development of peer-assisted video ondemand (PA-VoD) systems, which have attracted millions of online users. The efforts on improving the quality of video programs have never ceased since the beginning, and nowadays offering high-definition (HD) channels has become a common practice. However, compared with standard-definition (SD) channels, HD channels have to sustain a higher streaming rate to peers, which is a challenging task. In real systems, HD channels often suffer from poor streaming quality, or impose a heavy burden on the servers. This thesis conducts an in-depth study on peer cache and upload bandwidth management at the same time for multi-channel PA-VoD systems, where HD and SD channels coexist with different bandwidth and cache requirements. The objective is to minimize the server bandwidth consumption, and thus the maintenance cost of VoD service providers. The solution is cross-channel allocation (or view-upload decoupling), i.e., making SD channels help HD viewers with the surplus peer-contributed resources. The management of these resources includes bandwidth allocation and caching strategies. We first propose a generic modeling framework to capture the essential characteristics of PA-VoD systems: the demand and supply of bandwidth from peers. Our
An application of random software testing

Program testing remains the most commonly used method for verifying the reliability of software products. A popular method for integration testing is to develop a test plan based on the system requirements. We discuss some of the shortcomings of this approach and present our experiences with a random testing approach of a telecommunications project (a secure telephone conferencer). Among the benefits of this approach are improved requirements definition, improved fault detection, a simpler approach to system reliability estimation and reduced life-cycle costs.
Nailing Versus Plating in the Management of Proximal Extra-Articular Tibial Fractures: A Systematic Review

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: RoBANS: Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-Randomized Studies; MIN: Intramedullary Nailing; LISS: Less Invasive Stabilization System; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis; WHO: World Health Organization; ICTRP: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform; ISRCTN: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number; OR: Odds Ratio; SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
Sedentary behavior and prevalence of obesity among nepalese middle aged adults

Sedentary behaviour and obesity is a major risk factor of non-communicable diseases among adult population. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to identify the sedentary behaviour and prevalence of obesity among Nepalese middle aged adults. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of 72 middle aged adults of Ward No. 25 of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal. Data collection was done from 18th to 30th September of 2016 by using structured interview schedule. Obtained data were edited, coded, classified manually and data entry and analysis were done using SPSS software version 16. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics namely Chi square test were used to analyze the association between variables and the findings were presented on the relevant tables. The findings of this study revealed that the respondents have low (23.6%), average (37.5%) and high (38.9%) sedentary behavior. Moreover, this study also revealed that 38.9 percent of respondents had normal weight, 47.2 percent of them were overweight and least of them (13.9%) were obese. Moreover, there is a significant association between sedentary behaviour and obesity and there is no association of age group, gender, ethnicity, educational status and type of occupation with overweight and obesity as well as with sedentary behavior. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that more than one third of middle aged adults have nearly equally average and high sedentary behaviour. Sedentary behavior of middle aged adults is associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, it is recommended that the authority of Kathmandu Metropolitan City should conduct awareness programme regarding consequences of sedentary behaviour and obesity for the prevention of chronic non-communicable disease.