Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of assertive community treatment and client characteristics on criminal justice outcomes in dual disorder homeless individuals.

BACKGROUND People with severe mental illness and substance use disorders (dual disorder) often have considerable contact with the criminal justice system. AIMS To test the effects of client characteristics on six criminal justice outcomes among homeless (at intake) people with mental illness and substance misuse disorders. METHODS The sample was of participants in a randomized controlled trial comparing standard treatment, assertive community treatment (ACT) and integrated treatment (IT). Data were analysed using hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS Half the sample was arrested and a quarter incarcerated during the two-year follow-up period. The regression models explained between 22% and 35% of the variance of the following criminal justice measures: (1) major offences, (2) minor offences, (3) substance-use-related offences, (4) incarcerations, (5) arrests, and (6) summons. Prior criminal behaviour was the strongest predictor of all of the dependent variables; in general, demographic and diagnostic variables were not. Similarly, neither the type nor the amount of mental health treatment received predicted subsequent criminal behaviour. CONCLUSION Elsewhere the authors have shown that ACT and IT had advantages for health and stability of accommodation but these analyses suggest that more specialized interventions are needed to reduce criminal behaviour in dual disorder individuals.
Associations between students’ situational interest, mastery experiences, and physical activity levels in an interactive dance game

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of previous experiences on students’ situational interest and physical activity (PA) levels, as well as the relationships between situational interest and PA levels in Dance Dance Revolution (DDR). A total of 135 seventh through ninth graders participated in DDR unit for two weeks, and reported their previous DDR experiences. Students’ PA levels were measured by ActiGraph accelerometers for three classes with percentages of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the outcome variable. They also responded to the Situational Interest Scale (including novelty, challenge, attention demand, exploration intention, and instant enjoyment) at the end of each class. The Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) yielded a significant main effect for experience. Follow-up tests revealed that students with DDR experiences scored significantly higher than those without experiences at following dimensions: challenge; exploration intention; instant enjoyment; and attention demand. Regression analysis yielded that novelty emerged as the only significant predictor for MVPA. The findings suggested that four dimensions of situational interest differed between students with and without previous experiences. Novelty emerged as the only predictor for MVPA, suggesting that students would have higher PA when they feel the activity provides new information.
A Signal of Altruistic Motivation for Foreign Aid

Abstract: We develop a stylized theoretical model showing that countercyclical transfers from a wealthy donor to a poorer recipient generate a signal of altruistic donor motivation. Applying the model to OECD foreign aid (ODA) data we find the signal present in approximately one-sixth of a large set of donor–recipient pairs. We then undertake two out-of-model exercises to validate the signal: a logit regression of signal determinants and the growth effects of ODA from signal-positive pairs are compared to non-signal bearers. The logit indicates our signal meaningfully distinguishes donor–recipient pairs by characteristics typically associated with altruism. The growth exercise shows ODA from signal bearers displays stronger reverse causation and more positive long-run effects. Beyond foreign aid, our signal of altruistic motivation may be applicable to a wide range of voluntary transfers.
Stabilization of uncertain negative-imaginary systems using a Riccati equation approach

In this paper, a stabilization procedure that forces an uncertain system to be stable and satisfy the negative imaginary property is presented. The controller synthesis procedure is based on the negative imaginary lemma. As a result, the closed-loop system can be guaranteed to be robustly stable against any strict negative imaginary uncertainty, such as in the case of unmodeled spill-over dynamics in a lightly damped flexible structure. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed results.
Baseline medical comorbidities in adults randomized in the STRIDE trial for psychostimulant use disorders.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rates of medical illnesses may be higher among individuals with substance use disorders, complicating their care. This study aimed to expand the understanding of other medical conditions in treatment-seeking adults with stimulant use disorder (SUD) using data from Stimulant Reduction Intervention using Dose Exercise (STRIDE), a randomized, multisite trial investigating exercise augmentation of treatment as usual. METHODS Utilizing STRIDE baseline data, we examined demographic and clinical characteristics based on the number of self-reported diagnosed medical conditions among participants meeting eligibility criteria (passing medical screening exam and maximal exercise test, non-opioid dependent, no concomitant beta blocker, or opioid replacement therapy). RESULTS The majority (59%) of study participants (N = 302, mean age all participants = 39 years) did not report any history of other medical problems. Those with two or more conditions were older (mean age 46 years), reported more pain and worse physical functioning, and more psychiatric disorders (average 1.44). Hypertension was more common among participants with cocaine use disorders only (present in 16%) and liver disease was more common in those with cocaine plus other stimulant use disorders (present in 7%). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE In this sample, patients with SUD were in surprisingly good health. A subpopulation had an overall higher burden of illness with worsened physical and psychiatric functioning. Provision of coordinated care may optimize treatment outcomes for patients based on medical comorbidity burden as well as type of drug abused, although these conclusions should be considered preliminary as they are based on self-reported data.
Race, Sex, and Supervisory Authority in Federal White-Collar Employment

Samuel Krislov argues that in the late 1960s many top black bureaucrats in the federal government found more form than substance in their jobs, and that virtually all worried that they were filling the role of "Art Buchwald's Negro Ph.D. with an engineering background who speaks ten languages-to sit by the door to convince everyone of the egalitarian principle of the business office in which he is employed. " ' A great many black managers in the private sector seem to share this fear that they are "just being showcased. "' Empirical research indicates that white males are much more likely to supervise subordinates than are women and minorities who appear to be similarly qualified.3 Affirmative action helps raise more women and minorities into upper level positions, but other forces may keep them out of the more powerful positions at those levels. Based on an intensive study of one corporation, Kanter argued that managers place a high premium on easy communication because they face great uncertainty in their work. They prefer peers very similar to themselves because it simplifies interaction. "Even people who looked different raised questions," she found, "because the difference in appearance might signify a different realm and range of meanings in communication. " This made them especially reluctant to work with female and minority colleagues, whom they "decidedly placed in the category of the incomprehensible and unpredictable. "4 Some employees do succeed without fitting the social norm, she argues, but they rise primarily in staff rather than line positions and remain outside both the social mainstream and the main lines of power. I Managers may hesitate to appoint female or minority supervisors because they fear resistance from subordinates. The federal government segregated black and white workers up into the 1950s, justifying the segregation as the only path for blacks to become bosses, since few considered the idea of assigning blacks to oversee whites.6 A 1965 Harvard Business Review poll of 1,000 male and 900 female executives found that ony 9 percent of the men and 15 percent of the women agreed that "men feel comfortable working for women. "7 In a survey of 30,000 federal civil service employees, nearly three-quarters said that men make better supervisors than women. 8 Women and minorities may thus face even more obstacles in obtaining authority over fellow employees than they do in achieving high salaries in federal employment. Certainly, white males dominate the
Costs and benefits of flexibility and autonomy in working time: The same for women and men?

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011), the author scrutinizes the relations between women´s and men´s flexibility and autonomy in working time and two central work outcomes: overtime and income. Previously, research on flexibility and autonomy in working time mostly applied crosssectional data ignoring individuals self-selection into jobs. Furthermore, the association between flexibility and autonomy in working time and income has generally been neglected. Extending this literature, fixedeffects models show that flexible working time and working time autonomy are associated with an increase of overtime and income - but only for men. Whereas women in fulltime positions also increase their time investment with working time autonomy and employeeoriented flexibility to a similar extent, they do not receive similar financial rewards. These results point to gendered costs and benefits of working time flexibility and autonomy. Working time autonomy in particular is a crucial factor that reinforces gender inequality at the workplace and adds to the relatively high gender pay gap in Germany.
Drug delivery using composite scaffolds in the context of bone tissue engineering.

INTRODUCTION Due to the disadvantages of the current bone autograft and allograft in many clinical condition in which bone regeneration is required in large quantity, engineered biomaterials combined with growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), have been demonstrated to be an effective approach in bone tissue engineering, since they can act both as a scaffold and as a drug delivery system to promote bone repair and regeneration. AREA COVERED Recent advantages in the field of engineered scaffolds have been obtained from the investigation of composite scaffolds designed by the combination of bioceramics, especially hydroxyapatite (HA), and biodegradable polymers, such as poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan, in order to realize osteoconductive structures that can mimic the natural properties of bone tissue. Herein it is demonstrated that the incorporation of BMP-2 into different composite scaffolds, by encapsulation, absorption or entrapment, could be advantageous in terms of osteoinduction for new bone tissue engineered scaffolds as drug delivery systems and some of them should be further analyzed to optimized the drug release for future therapeutic applications. EXPERT OPINION New design concepts and fabrication techniques represent novel challenges for further investigations about the development of scaffolds as a drug delivery system for bone tissue regeneration.
A Comparison of Strength and Power Characteristics Between Power Lifters, Olympic Lifters, and Sprinters

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of involvement in power lifting, Olympic lifting, and sprinting on strength and power characteristics in the squat movement. A standard one repetition maximum squat test, jump squat tests, and vertical jumps with various loads were performed. The power lifters (PL, n = 8), Olympic lifters (OL, n = 6), and sprinters (S, n = 6) were significantly stronger than the controls (C, n = 8) (p <= 0.05). In addition, the OL group was significantly stronger than the S group. The OL group produced significantly higher peak forces, power outputs, velocities, and jump heights in comparison to the PL and C groups for jump trials at various loads. The S group produced higher peak velocities and jump heights in comparison to the PL and C groups for jump trials at various loads. The PL group was significantly higher in peak force and peak power for jump trials at various loads in comparison to the C group. The data indicates that strength and power characteristics are specific to each group and are most likely influenced by the various training protocols utilized.
High-precision penetration-depth measurement of YBa2Cu3O7- delta as a function of oxygen content.

A mutual-inductance technique has been used for the high accuracy determination of the absolute London penetration depth in $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ thin films. In order to study the influence of the CuO chains, the oxygen content has been varied in a wide range. At low temperatures the penetration depths obey power laws that depend on the sample but not at all on its oxygen depletion. This finding is best explained in terms of $d$-wave pairing with impurity scattering located in the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ planes.
The Pathway-selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand WAY-169916 Displays Differential Activity in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Models

We previously reported on the development of a pathway-selective estrogen receptor (ER) ligand, WAY-169916, that has ER-dependent antiinflammatory activity and is devoid of classic ER transcriptional activity. In the current study, WAY-169916 and 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) were evaluated for protective activity in models of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. In rats subjected to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by occlusion of the left coronary artery, infarct size relative to the area at risk in the left ventricle was significantly attenuated by a single dose of 17β-E2 (20 μg/kg, SC), and WAY-169916 administered SC (10 mg/kg) or IV (1 mg/kg) during the ischemia phase. In isolated hearts perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion, 17β-E2 and WAY-169916 both had direct cardioprotective activity when perfused at 1 μM but their effects varied between different end points. Perfusion with 17β-E2 only improved recovery of left ventricle-developed pressure. Perfusion with WAY-169916 attenuated the elevation in perfusion pressure, diastolic pressure, and release of creatine kinase after ischemia. In contrast to 17α-ethinylestradiol, WAY-169916 had no classic estrogen effects on uterine weight or total serum cholesterol in rats treated for 4 days. The data demonstrate that the pathway-selective ER ligand WAY-169916 displays differential activity in vivo on different cardiovascular end points.
nab-paclitaxel for the management of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

The 130 nm albumin-bound form of paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane®), was recently approved by the US FDA for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in combination with carboplatin in patients who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation therapy. In a Phase III registrational trial, nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin demonstrated a significantly improved overall response rate, the primary endpoint, and a trend toward improved survival compared with solvent-based paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC. Significantly less neutropenia, neuropathy, arthralgia, and myalgia were observed with the nab-paclitaxel regimen, but the solvent-based paclitaxel regimen produced less thrombocytopenia and anemia. The clinical experience with nab-paclitaxel to date and the role of this newly approved therapy in the management of NSCLC will be summarized in this article.
The Involvement of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Active DNA Demethylation in Mice1

ABSTRACT Active DNA demethylation occurs after a sperm enters an egg. However, the mechanisms for the active DNA demethylation remain poorly understood. Ten-eleven translocation enzymes were recently shown to catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Thus, we decided to investigate the role of 5hmC in active demethylation. We analyzed the methylation and hydroxymethylation status in metaphase II oocytes as well as 1-cell stage and cleavage stage embryos. In zygotes, 5hmC was mainly detected in the paternal pronucleus and it increased from the pronuclear-2 (PN2) to PN5 stages, an indication that 5hmC was involved in paternal genomic DNA demethylation. Bisulfite-sequencing PCR and qGluMS-PCR (DNA glucosylation and digestion before quantitative PCR) results showed that a large reduction of methylcytosine and hydroxymethylcytosine in LINE1 (long interspersed nuclear element 1) occurred between the 4- and 8-cell stages, which indicates that demethylation potentially occurred after the 4-cell stage. We then microinjected mouse zygote with plasmids that were methylated in vitro by SssI methylase and analyzed for the hydroxymethylation status of the plasmids promoter region. We found that the rapid onset of expression of the unmethylated plasmids in mouse embryos happened in <12 h, but the expression of methylated plasmids was delayed until 50 h when most embryos were at the 8-cell stage. Quantitative GluMS-PCR results suggested that 5hmC was present in the plasmid's promoter region at the MspI site where the active demethylation occurred. Our results demonstrate that 5hmC is involved in active demethylation in mice.
Shorter waiting times for hepatitis C virus seropositive recipients of cadaveric renal allografts from hepatitis C virus seropositive donors

Introduction. The purposes of this study were: 1) to analyze the early results of cadaveric renal transplantation from either hepatitis C virus seropositive (HCV+) or hepatitis C virus seronegative (HCV−) donors into HCV+ recipients; and 2) to determine whether HCV+ patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) might benefit from receiving renal allografts from HCV+ donors. Methods. From January 1997 to June 1999, 28 patients with ESRD and HCV infection underwent 29 cadaveric renal transplants. The data were reviewed retrospectively. Nineteen of the renal transplants were performed with allografts obtained from 15 HCV+ donors and 10 with allografts obtained from 10 HCV− donors. The median follow‐up was 16.2 months, with an average of 15.4±2 months. Results. Recipients of HCV+ renal allografts had shorter waiting times for transplantation. On average, patients who received a kidney from HCV+ donors were transplanted 9±3 months after being placed on the transplant list, compared to 29±3 months for patients who received a kidney from a HCV− donor. Shorter waiting times were noted in every blood type group. There were no significant differences in rejection episodes, infectious complications, renal function, liver function, graft survival, or patient survival. Conclusions. The use of renal allografts from HCV+ donors for HCV+ recipients shortens the waiting time for these patients, with no short‐term differences in renal and liver function, graft loss, or patient survival.
Comparative Biochemical and Immunocytochemical Studies Reveal Differences in the Effects of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin on Polarized CaCo-2 CellsVersus Vero Cells*

Since most in vitrostudies exploring the action of Clostridium perfringensenterotoxin (CPE) utilize either Vero or CaCo-2 cells, the current study directly compared the CPE responsiveness of those two cell lines. When CPE-treated in suspension, both CaCo-2 and Vero cells formed SDS-resistant, CPE-containing complexes of ∼135, ∼155, and ∼200 kDa. However, confluent Transwell® cultures of either cell line CPE-treated for 20 min formed only the ∼155-kDa complex. Since those Transwell® cultures also exhibited significant86Rb release, ∼155-kDa complex formation is sufficient for CPE-induced cytotoxicity. Several differences in CPE responsiveness between the two cell lines were also detected. (i) CaCo-2 cells were more sensitive when CPE-treated on their basal surface, whereas Vero cells were more sensitive when CPE-treated on their apical surface; those sensitivity differences correlated with CPE binding the apicalversus basolateral surfaces of these two cell lines. (ii) CPE-treated Vero cells released 86Rb into both Transwell® chambers, whereas CaCo-2 cells released 86Rb only into the CPE-containing Transwell® chamber. (iii) Vero cells express the tight junction (TJ) protein occludin but (unlike CaCo-2 cells) cannot form TJs. The ability of TJs to affect CPE responsiveness is supported by the similar effects of CPE on Transwell® cultures of CaCo-2 cells and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, another polarized cell forming TJs. Confluent CaCo-2 Transwell® cultures CPE-treated for >1 h formed the ∼200-kDa CPE complex (which also contains occludin), exhibited morphologic damage, and had occludin removed from their TJs. Collectively, these results identify CPE as a bifunctional toxin that, in confluent polarized cells, first exerts a cytotoxic effect mediated by the ∼155-kDa complex. Resultant damage then provides CPE access to TJs, leading to ∼200-kDa complex formation, internalization of some TJ proteins, and TJ damage that may increase paracellular permeability and thereby contribute to the diarrhea of CPE-induced gastrointestinal disease.
HIV Testing Within At‐Risk Populations in the United States and the Reasons for Seeking or Avoiding HIV Testing

Objectives: We determined proportions of high‐risk persons tested for HIV, the reasons for testing and not testing, and attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV testing, information that is critical for planning prevention programs. Methods: Cross‐sectional interview study of persons at high risk for HIV infection (men who have sex with men [MSM]; injection drug users [IDUs]; and heterosexual persons recruited from gay bars, street outreach, and sexually transmitted disease clinics) among six states participating in the HIV Testing Survey (HITS) in 1995 to 1996 (HITS‐I) and 1998 to 1999 (HITS‐II). Results: Overall testing rates were lower in the HITS‐I (1226/1599 [77%]) than in the HITS‐II (1375/1711 [80%]) (p = .01). Persons <25 years old tested less frequently than those >25 years old (HITS‐I: 71 % vs. 78%, respectively, p = .007; HITS‐II: 63% vs. 85%, respectively, p < .001). The main reasons for testing and not testing were the same in both surveys, but the proportions of reasons for not testing differed (e.g., “unlikely exposed to HIV” [HITS‐I (17%) vs. HITS‐II (30%), p < . 0001], “afraid of finding out HIV‐positive” [HITS‐I (27%) vs. HITS‐II (18%), p < . 0001]). Attitudes regarding HIV testing differed among tested and untested respondents, especially among MSM. Conclusions: HIV testing rates were higher in the HITS‐II, but testing rates decreased among the youngest respondents. Denial of HIV risk factors and fear of being HIV‐positive were the principal reasons for not being tested. Availability of new HIV therapies may have contributed to decreased fear of finding out that one is HIV infected as a reason to avoid testing. The increased proportion of persons at risk who did not test because they believed they were unlikely to have been exposed highlights the need for prevention efforts to address risk perceptions.