Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NIFTP Diagnosis: Roses and Thorns for Cytopathologists and Histopathologists

Several authors have been debating the controversial nature of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPC) mostly because it represents a heterogeneous group of carcinomas including both encapsulated/non-invasive (NI-FVPCs) and invasive FVPCs (I-FVPCs), which are not prognostically and molecularly alike (1-15). Whilst I-FVPCs show a more aggressive behavior characterized by lymph nodes metastases, recurrences and prevalence of BRAF mutations, NI-FVPCs (50%-70% of the entire subset of FVPCs) show a less aggressive outcome (10). Taking all these into account, the endocrine pathology society meeting, held at the 2015 USCAP in Boston, suggested the revision of the diagnosis of carcinoma for these NI-FVPCs, and renamed those NI-FVPCs as “non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). This entity is defined by a set of morphological features including nuclear membrane irregularities, ground glass appearance of the nuclei, and larger nuclear size in a contest of encapsulated follicular tumor (10). Not only has the new diagnostic category impacted on histology but also it implied to evaluate how this new terminology might significantly affect both the cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions and the categories of different cytological classification systems (11-18). Given that, in the last months, several authors aim at the evaluation of the allocation of NIFTPs in the different cytological categories, and of the impact on the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different diagnostic categories. A recent analysis by Faquin et al. has confirmed that the decrease in the ROM for each diagnostic category is directly related to the rate by which NIFTPs are diagnosed on the histological samples (14). Specifically, the highest decrease in ROM impacts the reclassification of NIFTPs in the indeterminate categories, showing that it dwindled from 23.5% to 13.6% mostly in the (atypia of undetermined significance/ follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in which, several series, probably due to NIFTP inclusion, reported a ROM slightly higher than that expected from the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology (TBSRTC) (14). In this issue of the Journal of Basic and Clinical Medicine, Pusztaszeri et al. evaluated their institutional experience with NIFTPs (19). They proposed a revision of their retrospective series of all PTCs, from 2005 to 2015, which could be re-classified as NIFTPs. According to other recent papers, these authors found that 71.4% of NIFTPs had a cytological diagnosis of indeterminate
Luxury Goods and the Equity Premium

This paper evaluates the equity premium using novel data on the consumption of luxury goods. Specifying utility as a nonhomothetic function of both luxury and basic consumption goods, we derive pricing equations and evaluate the risk of holding equity. Household survey and national accounts data mostly reflect basic consumption, and therefore overstate the risk aversion necessary to match the observed equity premium. The risk aversion implied by the consumption of luxury goods is more than an order of magnitude less than that implied by national accounts data. For the very rich, the equity premium is much less of a puzzle. AS DEMONSTRATED BY GROSSMAN AND SHILLER (1981), SHILLER (1982), Mehra and Prescott (1985), and the extensive literature that follows, the risk of the stock market as measured by its co-movement with aggregate consumption is insufficient to justify the extent to which its average return exceeds the return on short-term government debt. We propose a partial resolution to this equity premium puzzle by distinguishing between the consumption of basic goods and that of luxury goods. Intuitively, rich households that hold most equity are almost satiated in their consumption of basic goods; wealth shocks are reflected in the consumption of luxury goods, which is much more responsive to stock returns than the consumption of basic goods. Specifically, we model utility as a function of the consumption of both a basic good, of which a certain amount is required in every period, and a luxury good, which has low marginal utility even at low consumption levels. With such preferences, households consume only basic goods at low levels of total expenditures, while the share of luxury goods in overall consumption rises with expenditures. Households display a high degree of risk aversion with respect to their consumption of basic goods, consistent with the subsistence aspect of
Une méthode de correction élastoplastique pour le calcul en fatigue des zones de concentration de contraintes sous chargement cyclique multiaxial non proportionnel

La premiere etape d'un calcul de duree de vie en fatigue oligocyclique consiste a obtenir l'historique des contraintes et des deformations sur des points juges critiques. Pour eviter des calculs complets par elements finis (force brute) particulierement longs, les corrections elasto-plastiques locales evaluent ces historiques en un temps tres court. Les approches existantes manquant de precision, une nouvelle methode de calcul qui s'inspire des modeles d'homogeneisation a ete proposee. Elle a ete implementee dans le code de calcul ZeBuLoN et validee sur des cas de charge quelconques en multiaxial non proportionnel aleatoire, ce qui n'est le cas d'aucune autre methode de la litterature. Ces historiques servent d'entree aux methodes de prevision de duree de vie. Un nouvel algorithme de comptage de cycles a ete utilise pour extraire une serie de cycles d'un chargement multiaxial aleatoire. Il s'agit d'une technique de rainow qui permet de conserver toutes les composantes du chargement, et de definir un "cycle" dans l'espace des contraintes deviatoriques. Des calculs de duree de vie ont ete realises pour evaluer la pertinence de l'ensemble de la chaine de calcul ainsi constituee. On montre pour finir des applications a une piece industrielle (bras de châssis de grue).
Coping under experimental threat: Observable and cognitive correlates of dispositional monitoring and blunting

In order to investigate the relation between dispositional coping style and actual coping behaviour under threat, 53 undergraduate psychology students anticipated a mild stressor (bloody slides) in Part I of the experiment. Observable behaviour turned out to be unrelated to dispositional monitoring and blunting as measured by the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS; Miller, 1987) and the Threatening Medical Situations Inventory (TMSI; van Zuuren and Hanewald, 1993). However, when cognitions were also taken into account, some significant correlations emerged with the MBSS as well as with the TMSI. In Part II (N = 40), intrusive thinking after exposure to the experimental stressor was related to dispositional coping style. High monitors, as compared with low monitors (moderate monitors excluded) were found to elaborate the stressful experience in a more diffuse and extended way.
SAND 2007-0853 Unlimited Release Printed February 2007 Verification and Validation Benchmarks

Verification and validation (V&V) are the primary means to assess the accuracy and reliability of computational simulations. V&V methods and procedures have fundamentally improved the credibility of simulations in several high-consequence fields, such as nuclear reactor safety, underground nuclear waste storage, and nuclear weapon safety. Although the terminology is not uniform across engineering disciplines, code verification deals with assessing the reliability of the software coding, and solution verification deals with assessing the numerical accuracy of the solution to a computational model. Validation addresses the physics modeling accuracy of a computational simulation by comparing the computational results with experimental data. Code verification benchmarks and validation benchmarks have been constructed for a number of years in every field of computational simulation. However, no comprehensive guidelines have been proposed for the construction and use of V&V benchmarks. For example, the field of nuclear reactor safety has not focused on code verification benchmarks, but it has placed great emphasis on developing validation benchmarks. Many of these validation benchmarks are closely related to the operations of actual reactors at near-safety-critical conditions, as opposed to being more fundamental-physics benchmarks. This paper presents recommendations for the effective design and use of code verification benchmarks based on manufactured solutions, classical analytical solutions, and highly accurate numerical solutions. In addition, this paper presents recommendations for the design and use of validation benchmarks, highlighting the careful design of building-block experiments, the estimation of experimental measurement uncertainty for both inputs and outputs to the code, validation metrics, and the role of model calibration in validation. It is argued that the understanding of predictive capability of a computational model is built on the level of achievement in V&V activities, how closely related the V&V benchmarks are to the actual application of interest, and the quantification of uncertainties related to the application of
Limit to general relativity in f(R) theories of gravity

We discuss two aspects of f(R) theories of gravity in metric formalism. We first study the reasons to introduce a scalar-tensor representation for these theories and the behavior of this representation in the limit to General Relativity, f(R){yields}R. We find that the scalar-tensor representation is well behaved even in this limit. Then we work out the exact equations for spherically symmetric sources using the original f(R) representation, solve the linearized equations, and compare our results with recent calculations of the literature. We observe that the linearized solutions are strongly affected by the cosmic evolution, which makes very unlikely that the cosmic speedup be due to f(R) models with correcting terms relevant at low curvatures.
We Want Them All Covered! Collective Bargaining and Firm Heterogeneity: Theory and Evidence from Germany

This paper establishes a link between the extent of collective bargaining and the degree of productivity dispersion within an industry. In a unionised oligopoly model we show that for only small di erences in productivity levels. a sector-union can design a collective wage contract that covers a wide range of heterogeneous firms. In sectors with higher productivity dispersion, an industry union has an incentive to demand firm-level wage contracts with the most productive firms, so that they can prevent low-productivity firms from leaving collective coverage. However, such firm-level contracts may not prevent firms at the lower end of the productivity distribution from avoiding collective coverage in sectors with high productivity dispersion. We test the predictions of the model using German linked employer-employee data between 1996 and 2010 and find support for our theoretical results.
Does Fair Value Accounting Exacerbate the Procyclicality of Bank Lending?

This study investigates whether fair value accounting contributes to the procyclicality of bank lending. Using banks’ approval/denial decisions on residential mortgage applications to capture banks’ supply of credit, I find no evidence that fair value accounting has procyclical effects on bank lending over the past two business cycles. I further identify two reasons for this result. First, the main accounting item distinguishing fair value accounting from historical cost accounting—unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities—does not affect lending decisions. Second, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are not procyclical, as the risk-free interest rate rises during some expansionary periods, resulting in unrealized losses, while the risk-free interest rate (and sometimes the default spread) falls during some recessionary periods, resulting in unrealized gains.
1 Too Cold for a Jog ? Weather , Exercise , and Socioeconomic Status

This study examines how exercise responds to plausibly exogenous “price shocks,” in the form of weather conditions. Most notably, we find that within cold temperature ranges, a decrease in past-month temperature causes a significant decrease in past-month exercise, and this effect is generally larger for lower education and income groups. In large part this differential by socioeconomic group appears to be due to smaller increases in indoor activity during cold weather. These results suggest that interventions and policies aiming to increase exercise participation, particularly among lower socioeconomic populations, could do so in part by increasing the availability and attractiveness of indoor facilities and activities. Furthermore, to the extent that the higher elasticity of behavior for lower socioeconomic groups reflects a more general sensitivity to external factors, this highlights the promise of interventions that address such factors more broadly.
Design, and participant enrollment, of a randomized controlled trial evaluating effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community-based case management intervention, for patients suffering from COPD

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials 2015:7 53–62 Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials Dovepress
Research Frontiers in Information Retrieval: Report from the Third Strategic Workshop on Information Retrieval in Lorne (SWIRL 2018)

The purpose of the Strategic Workshop in Information Retrieval in Lorne is to explore the long-range issues of the Information Retrieval field, to recognize challenges that are on - or even over - the horizon, to build consensus on some of the key challenges, and to disseminate the resulting information to the research community. The intent is that this description of open problems will help to inspire researchers and graduate students to address the questions, and will provide funding agencies data to focus and coordinate support for information retrieval research.
On the statistical uncertainties associated with line profile fitting. [in astronomy

The paper considers the statistical uncertainties in the best-fit parameters associated with the fitting of observational data by model line profiles of specific form. The parameters involved are amplitude, center, and width. A general procedure is described for any profile type of parametric form. The case of Gaussian profiles is treated in detail, and numerical solutions are presented for equally spaced data of equal weight. Approximate analytical solutions are derived that give good general agreement with the numerical solutions over the whole range of interest. Approximate solutions are also obtained for the case of Lorentzian profiles. It is shown that the Lorentzian results can be used in conjunction with the Gaussian results to estimate the corresponding parameter uncertainties in the case of the general Voigt profile.
Software Piracy and Scientific Publications: Knowledge Economy Evidence from Africa

This paper is an extension of the debate on the nexus between the strength of IPRs and prospects for knowledge economy. It assesses the relationships between software piracy and scientific publications in African countries for which data is available. The findings which reveal a positive nexus are broadly consistent with the school of thought postulating that, the East Asian miracle has been largely due to weaker IPRs regimes at the early stages of development. As a policy implication, less stringent IPRs regimes on scientific-related software (at least in the short-run) will substantially boost contributions to and dissemination of knowledge through scientific and technical publications in Africa. IPRs laws (treaties) on scientific-oriented software should be strengthened in tandem with progress in: scientific and technical publications and; knowledge spillovers essential for economic growth and development. More policy implications are discussed.
On Low-Dimensional Locally Compact Quantum Groups

Continuing our research on extensions of locally compact quantum groups, we give a classification of all cocycle matched pairs of Lie algebras in small dimensions and prove that all of them can be exponentiated to cocycle matched pairs of Lie groups. Hence, all of them give rise to locally compact quantum groups by the cocycle bicrossed product construction. We also clarify the notion of an extension of locally compact quantum groups by relating it to the concept of a closed normal quantum subgroup and the quotient construction. Finally, we describe the infinitesimal objects of locally compact quantum quantum groups with 2 and 3 generators - Hopf *-algebras and Lie bialgebras.
Chapter 4 use of distiLLers Co-produCts in diets fed to swine

Distillers co-products have been used in swine feeding for more than fifty years, but the emergence of the fuel ethanol industry during the last few decades has dramatically increased the total quantities of distillers co-products that are available to the livestock and poultry industries. New technologies have also allowed the industry to convert a greater proportion of the carbohydrates in the grain to ethanol, which in turn has resulted in distillers co-products that have a different composition than the products produced earlier. Different technologies used in the production process allow for upstream or downstream fractionation of the grain or the coproducts, which results in a number of different co-products. For the swine industry to use the co-products most efficiently, research must be conducted to measure the nutritional value of these co-products in terms of energy and nutrient digestibility. The next step is to determine the inclusion rates of distillers co-products in diets fed to different categories of pigs that will result in the greatest performance without reducing the quality of the final products. If there are other consequences of including distillers co-products in swine diets, these also need to be documented for each product.
Granulomatous Dermatitis Accompanied by Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Cutaneous manifestations associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are uncommon. Recognizing MDS skin manifestations is important as they can precede blood or bone marrow transformation to leukaemia and are associated with a poor prognosis (1, 2). Recently, 2 cases of granulomatous dermatitis associated with MDS were reported as non-specific cutaneous manifestations of MDS, with subsequent development into acute myeloid leukaemia with leukaemia cutis (1, 2). An imbalance of T-cell subsets, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 in MDS is also correlated with disease progression (3, 4). We describe here a case of granulomatous dermatitis accompanied by MDS, which we hypothesized might show correlations with Tregs and interleukin (IL)-17 producing cells. We therefore employed immunohistochemical staining for Foxp3 and IL-17 to characterize the granuloma.
Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell

This unique textbook provides an accessible introduction to Einstein's general theory of relativity, a subject of breathtaking beauty and supreme importance in physics. With his trademark blend of wit and incisiveness, A. Zee guides readers from the fundamentals of Newtonian mechanics to the most exciting frontiers of research today, including de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spacetimes, Kaluza-Klein theory, and brane worlds. Unlike other books on Einstein gravity, this book emphasizes the action principle and group theory as guides in constructing physical theories. Zee treats various topics in a spiral style that is easy on beginners, and includes anecdotes from the history of physics that will appeal to students and experts alike. He takes a friendly approach to the required mathematics, yet does not shy away from more advanced mathematical topics such as differential forms. The extensive discussion of black holes includes rotating and extremal black holes and Hawking radiation. The ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students, Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell also provides an essential resource for professional physicists and is accessible to anyone familiar with classical mechanics and electromagnetism. It features numerous exercises as well as detailed appendices covering a multitude of topics not readily found elsewhere. Provides an accessible introduction to Einstein's general theory of relativity Guides readers from Newtonian mechanics to the frontiers of modern research Emphasizes symmetry and the Einstein-Hilbert action Covers topics not found in standard textbooks on Einstein gravity Includes interesting historical asides Features numerous exercises and detailed appendices Ideal for students, physicists, and scientifically minded lay readers Solutions manual (available only to teachers)
CO2 Capture on Metal-Organic Framework and Graphene Oxide Composite Using a High-Pressure Static Adsorption Apparatus

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention as adsorbents for the separation of CO2 from flue gas or natural gas. A copper-based metal-organic framework and graphite oxide composite (HKUST-1/GO) was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, sorption of nitrogen and scanning electron microscopy. The composite improved the CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity. The composite obtained exhibited about a 38 % increase in CO2 storage capacity than the parent MOF HKUST-1 at 305 K and 5 atm.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE ASSESSMENT IN UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) USING VARIOUS STATISTICAL TOOLS

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan; Cotton Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan; China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China; Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. Corresponding author’s e-mail: † husnainshabbir.pbg@gmail.com, mnoor@ksu.edu. sa; mehmood2017@gmail.com
Innovation and Economic Growth in China

China has enjoyed high economic growth for three decades since the initiative of economic reform in 1978. This growth has however been driven mainly by labour-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing activities. Has innovation played a role in China’s economic growth? What are the determinants of innovation in the Chinese economy? These are some of the questions which are to be explored in this study. Answers to these questions have important policy implications for China’s economic development in the future as innovation is vital for the transformation of the country’s growth model.