Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE TIME-VARYING EFFECTS OF PERMANENT AND TRANSITORY SHOCKS TO REAL OUTPUT

A time-varying-parameter VAR for real output growth and inflation is estimated with annual U.S. series dating back to 1870. Volatility for both variables rises quickly with World War I and its aftermath, stays high until the end of World War II, and drops rapidly until the 1960s. This Postwar Moderation yields the largest decline in volatilities, surpassing the Great Moderation. Conditional on temporary shocks, inflation and output growth are positively correlated. Our model implies that aggregate demand played a key role in inflation volatility fluctuations. Conversely, the two variables are negatively correlated conditional on permanent shocks. Our model suggests that aggregate supply played an important role in output volatility fluctuations. Most impulse responses support an aggregate supply interpretation for permanent shocks. However, before World War I, a permanent increase in output raised the price level at longer horizons, and these responses are frequently statistically significant. This evidence supports the hypothesis that aggregate demand had a long-run positive effect on output during the pre–World War I period.
Evaluation of an automated agar plate streaker

An automated agar plate streaker was evaluated. The Autostreaker mechanizes the agar plate streaking process by providing storage for plates, labeling and streaking one or more plates for either isolation or quantitation, and stacking in one of several racks for subsequent incubation. Results showed the Autostreaker to produce agar plates with well-separated colonies and accurate colony counts. A total of 1,930 clinical specimens were processed either in parallel with manual methods or solely by the Autostreaker. Technologist acceptance of machine-streaked plates was outstanding.
Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies

Objectives To review, summarise, and compare the evidence for effectiveness of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy in the prevention of colorectal cancer occurrence and deaths. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Data sources PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two investigators independently extracted characteristics and results of identified studies and performed standardised quality ratings. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials and observational studies in English on the impact of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the general population at average risk. Results For screening sigmoidoscopy, four randomised controlled trials and 10 observational studies were identified that consistently found a major reduction in distal but not proximal colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Summary estimates of reduction in distal colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were 31% (95% confidence intervals 26% to 37%) and 46% (33% to 57%) in intention to screen analysis, 42% (29% to 53%) and 61% (27% to 79%) in per protocol analysis of randomised controlled trials, and 64% (50% to 74%) and 66% (38% to 81%) in observational studies. For screening colonoscopy, evidence was restricted to six observational studies, the results of which suggest tentatively an even stronger reduction in distal colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, along with a significant reduction in mortality from cancer of the proximal colon. Indirect comparisons of results of observational studies on screening sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy suggest a 40% to 60% lower risk of incident colorectal cancer and death from colorectal cancer after screening colonoscopy even though this incremental risk reduction was statistically significant for deaths from cancer of the proximal colon only. Conclusions Compelling and consistent evidence from randomised controlled trials and observational studies suggests that screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy prevent most deaths from distal colorectal cancer. Observational studies suggest that colonoscopy compared with flexible sigmoidoscopy decreases mortality from cancer of the proximal colon. This added value should be examined in further research and weighed against the higher costs, discomfort, complication rates, capacities needed, and possible differences in compliance.
REAKSI PASAR MODAL TERHADAP PERISTIWA POLITIK DI INDONESIA 2014

This event study events that aims to find empirical evidence of the presence or absence of capital market reactions to political events in Indonesia during political year of 2014. The events contained in the political event that is, the determination of the presidential candidates, after candidate debate, the determination of the quick count results, results decision by the General election Commission (KPU) and the results of the decision by the Court, by using the indicator stock returns. The population in these study are all companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and the data used in these study are secondary data which is daily closing stock price over a period of five days before, and five days after the event. The statistical test used to reject the hypothesis is different test Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Paired Samples t-Test . Test results Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in the event the determination of presidential candidates and post-debate observed, proving that there is no difference in the before-after the return of the political event. While Paired Samples t-Test results on event results count quik experienced statistically significant difference before-after event which means the market responds to this event as good news, Paired Samples t-Test results also showed the event results and outcomes deacision by KPU and the result of Commission decision by the Court do indicate that there are no difference in returns before-after event. This study imply that political events partially have information contents during political events (Presidential election) in Indonesia. Key words : Stock Return, Event Studies, Capital Markets
Recognition memory for emotional faces in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: An event-related potential study

ABSTRACT This study examined the temporal course of emotional face recognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Patients and healthy controls (HC) performed a face recognition task, giving old/new responses to previously studied and novel faces displaying a negative or neutral expression. In aMCI patients, recognition accuracy was preserved for negative faces. Event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed disease-related changes in early perceptual components but not in ERP indices of explicit recognition. Specifically, aMCI patients showed impaired recognition effects for negative faces on the amplitudes of N170 and P2, suggesting deficient memory-related processing of negative faces at the stage of structural encoding and during an early recognition stage at which faces are individuated, respectively. Moreover, while a right-lateralized emotion effect specifically observed for correctly recognized faces on the amplitude of N170 was absent in aMCI, a similar emotion effect for successfully recognized faces on P2 was preserved in the patients, albeit with a different distribution. This suggests that in aMCI facilitated processing of successfully recognized emotional faces starts later in the processing sequence. Nonetheless, an early frontal old/new effect confined to negative faces and a parietal old/new effect unaffected by facial emotion were observed in both groups. This indicates that familiarity and conceptual priming processes may specifically contribute to recognition of negative faces in older adults and that aMCI patients can recruit the same retrieval mechanisms as controls, despite disease-related changes on early perceptual ERP components.
The Role of Continuing Care in 9-year Cost Trajectories of Patients With Intakes Into an Outpatient Alcohol and Drug Treatment Program

Background:The importance of a continuing care approach for substance use disorders (SUDs) is increasingly being recognized. Our prior research found that a Continuing Care model for SUDs that incorporates 3 components (regular primary care, and specialty SUD and psychiatric treatment as needed) is beneficial to long-term remission. The study builds on this work to examine the cost implications of this model. Objectives:To examine associations between receiving Continuing Care and subsequent health care costs over 9 years among adults entering outpatient SUD treatment in a private nonprofit, integrated managed care health plan. We also compare the results to a similar analysis of a demographically matched control group without SUDs. Study Design:Longitudinal observational study. Measures:Measures collected over 9 years include demographic characteristics, self-reported alcohol and drug use and Addiction Severity Index, and health care utilization and cost data from health plan databases. Results:Within the treatment sample, SUD patients receiving all components of Continuing Care had lower costs than those receiving fewer components. Compared with the demographically matched non-SUD controls, those not receiving Continuing Care had significantly higher inpatient costs (excess cost=$65.79/member-month; P < 0.01) over 9 years, whereas no difference was found between those receiving Continuing Care and controls. Conclusions:Although a causal link cannot be established between receiving Continuing Care and reduced long-term costs in this observational study, the findings reinforce the importance of access to health care and development of interventions that optimize patients receiving those services and that may reduce costs to health systems.
Performance Comparison of s-Si, In0.53Ga0.47As, Monolayer BP, and WS2-Based n-MOSFETs for Future Technology Nodes—Part I: Device-Level Comparison

To continue with the scaling of high-performance transistors, alternate materials and device architectures are being explored as replacements for contemporary strained-silicon (s-Si) FinFETs. While III–V materials, such as In0.53Ga0. 47As, offer higher electron mobilities and injection velocities than s-Si, emerging 2-D materials and nanowire (NW) device architectures promise better immunity to short-channel effects. In this paper, we present a detailed device-level performance comparison of s-Si, In0.53Ga0. 47As, monolayer black phosphorus (BP), and WS2-based planar and multigate (Fin and NW) n-MOSFETs across three successive future technology nodes. The analysis incorporates both intrinsic device characteristics obtained from an advanced quantum mechanical simulation tool and the effect of nonidealities using a physics-based analytical model. The results indicate that 2-D materials, such as monolayer BP, offers higher ON currents than s-Si and In0.53Ga0. 47As for planar device architectures. However, compared to modern s-Si and In0.53Ga0. 47As Fin and NW FETs, monolayer BP and WS2 double-gate MOSFETs are reported to offer lower ON currents due to the smaller footprint at scaled technology nodes.
Alterations of decision making and underlying neural correlates after resection of a mediofrontal cortical dysplasia: A single case study

We investigated the impact of a congenital prefrontal lesion and its resection on decision making under risk and under ambiguity in a patient with right mediofrontal cortical dysplasia. Both kinds of decision making are normally associated with the medial prefrontal cortex. We additionally studied pre- and postsurgical fMRI activations when processing information relevant for risky decision making. Results indicate selective impairments of ambiguous decision making pre- and postsurgically. Decision making under risk was intact. In contrast to healthy subjects the patient exhibited no activation within the dysplastic anterior cingulate cortex but left-sided orbitofrontal activation on the fMRI task suggesting early reorganization processes.
Combining Culture-Dependent and -Independent Methodologies for Estimation of Richness of Estuarine Bacterioplankton Consuming Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter

ABSTRACT Three different methods for analyzing natural microbial community diversity were combined to maximize an estimate of the richness of bacterioplankton catabolizing riverine dissolved organic matter (RDOM). We also evaluated the ability of culture-dependent quantitative DNA-DNA hybridization, a 16S rRNA gene clone library, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to detect bacterial taxa in the same sample. Forty-two different cultivatable strains were isolated from rich and poor solid media. In addition, 50 unique clones were obtained by cloning of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene amplified by PCR from the community DNA into an Escherichia coli vector. Twenty-three unique bands were sequenced from 12 DGGE profiles, excluding a composite fuzzy band of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group. The different methods gave similar distributions of taxa at the genus level and higher. However, the match at the species level among the methods was poor, and only one species was identified by all three methods. Consequently, all three methods identified unique subsets of bacterial species, amounting to a total richness of 97 operational taxonomic units in the experimental system. The confidence in the results was, however, dependent on the current precision of the phylogenetic determination and definition of the species. Bacterial consumers of RDOM in the studied estuary were primarily both cultivatable and uncultivable taxa of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group, a concordant result among the methods applied. Culture-independent methods also suggested several not-yet-cultivated β-proteobacteria to be RDOM consumers.
Working memory after traumatic brain injury in children

To investigate the effects of traumatic brain injury on working memory in children, we administered semantic (letter identity) and phonological (letter rhyme) N‐back tasks to children who were on average 5 years post‐mild (n = 54) or ‐severe (n = 26) traumatic brain injury and 44 typically developing children who were comparable in age. The correct detection of targets and false alarms were measured for each task. Memory load (which varied from 0 to 3 letters back) and age significantly affected the detection of targets and false alarms in both tasks. The severity of traumatic brain injury affected the correct detection of letters on the identity task and false alarms on the rhyme task. Traumatic brain injury severity also interacted with memory load in its effect on false alarms on the rhyme task. Traumatic brain injury results in impaired working memory and diminished inhibition in children. The N‐back working memory task is feasible for administration to brain‐injured children and potentially could be useful for studying brain activation associated with working memory and effects of drug therapy in this group of patients.
The Atypical Protein Kinase C-interacting Protein p62 Is a Scaffold for NF-κB Activation by Nerve Growth Factor*

Nerve growth factor (NGF) binding to both p75 and TrkA neurotrophin receptors activates the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Here we show that the atypical protein kinase C-interacting protein, p62, which binds TRAF6, selectively interacts with TrkA but not p75. In contrast, TRAF6 interacts with p75 but not TrkA. We demonstrate the formation of a TRAF6-p62 complex that serves as a bridge linking both p75 and TrkA signaling. Of functional relevance, transfection of antisense p62-enhanced p75-mediated cell death and diminished NGF-induced differentiation occur through a mechanism involving inhibition of IKK activity. These findings reveal a new function for p62 as a common platform for communication of both p75-TRAF6 and TrkA signals. Moreover, we demonstrated that p62 serves as a scaffold for activation of the NF-κB pathway, which mediates NGF survival and differentiation responses.
Vertebral Reconstruction with Biodegradable Calcium Phosphate Cement in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Using Instrumentation

Objective: To assess the efficacy of posterior instrumentation and vertebral reconstruction with biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with neurologic deficit. Background: Vertebroplasty consists of the injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement into the vertebral body. While PMMA has high mechanical strength, it cures fast and thus allows only a short handling time. Other potential problems of using PMMA injection may include damage to surrounding tissues due to the high polymerization temperature or by the toxic unreacted monomer and the lack of long-term biocompatibility. Bone mineral cements such as calcium carbonate and CPCs have a longer working time and low thermal effect. They are also biodegradable while providing good mechanical strength. However, the viscosity of injectable mineral cements is high, and the infiltration of these cements into the vertebral body has been questioned. Recently, the infiltration properties of CPC have been significantly improved, making it more suitable for injection into the vertebral bodies for vertebral reconstruction. Methods: Five patients were included in this open prospective study. Inclusion criteria were delayed collapsed vertebral compression fractures responsible for severe pain and neurologic dysfunction necessitating posterior decompression surgery. Of five patients, two were male and three were female with an average age at surgery of 80.4 years (71–85 years) and an average duration of follow-up of 2.5 years (2–3.5 years). Evaluation of clinical data was based on x-ray, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for low back pain (full score is 29 points), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: The levels of the delayed collapsed vertebrae were T10, L1, and L2 (for one patient each) and L4 (two patients). All patients were in poor condition, for example, renal failure, heart failure, and chronic hepatitis. The average operative time was 2 hours (1 hour 36 minutes to 2 hours 16 minutes), and intraoperative bleeding was 181 mL (85–236 mL). As for clinical symptoms, preoperative JOA score averaged 17.8 points and was improved to 26 points postoperatively, while the preoperative VAS score of 8.6 points improved to 2 points postoperatively. Morphologic evaluation showed preoperative vertebral compression ratio averaged 41% and improved to 74% immediately after the operation and finally settled at 68%. Just one of five cases experienced late vertebral collapse 3 months after the operation. Conclusion: Vertebral reconstruction with biodegradable CPC in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture using instrumentation was a safe and useful surgical treatment.
The influence of the environment on participation subsequent to rehabilitation as experienced by elderly people in Norway

The aim of this study was to illuminate how the environment may influence participation among elderly people who have undergone community-based rehabilitation in Norway, after an acute illness or accident. Fourteen persons over 65 years of age were selected with the specific intention of gaining a variety of ages, both genders, and people living in different kinds of housing. Three focus groups were established and repeated interviews were held with each group. A constant comparative analysis was used to analyse the data. The main finding was that the participants experienced pressure from their environment to concentrate on performing the most necessary daily activities rather than on participation. Three main encounters with environments seemed to be important for this: encountering people and society, encountering private and formal assistance, and encountering occupation. The support that the participants received from family and friends was more important for their participation than having accessible physical environments. The findings suggest that occupational therapists must consider themselves to be part of a societal environment that can hinder participation.
Female‐Limited Polymorphism in the Copulatory Organ of a Traumatically Inseminating Insect

Sexual conflict can produce several evolutionary outcomes, one of which is female‐limited trait polymorphism. We examine the African bat bug Afrocimex constrictus (Cimicidae), a species where both sexes are subjected to traumatic intromission from males. We show that males possess female genital structures that in related species ameliorate the costs of traumatic insemination. Moreover, the male form of these structures differs morphologically from the standard female form. Examination of females in our isolated study population revealed a discrete polymorphism in female genitalia. Some females had the typical cimicid form, while others had genitalia that more closely resembled the distinctive male form. Males, as well as females with the distinctive male form, experienced fewer traumatic copulations than the typical female morph. We propose that some females mimic the bizarre male condition in order to reduce the frequency of costly traumatic inseminations. To our knowledge this is the first example of a distinct female‐limited genital polymorphism: its nature, as well as its association with traumatic sexual interactions, strongly suggests that sexual conflict underpins this unique phenomenon.
Tailoring Multimedia Instruction to Soldier Needs

Abstract : To address particular learning needs, instruction should be designed to provide the right information to the right learner at the right time. While interactive multimedia instruction can reach a large audience, different learners have different learning needs. In this research, three questions were addressed: (a) how could existing Army interactive multimedia instruction (IMI) be modified to a needs-based format, (b) what types of instructional design techniques could be applied to design IMI for learners specific needs, and (c) what outcomes are associated with different types of needs-focused IMI? Following a survey of existing Combat Arms IMI, it appeared that most would require modification for reuse in a needs-based context. Six IMI exemplars were developed for two topics (i.e., Adjust Indirect Fire and Conduct a Defense by a Squad) targeting the learning needs of new squad or team leaders. The IMI were developed for three needs-focused conditions to test whether learners with differing levels of prior knowledge and experience performed better with different types of IMI. One condition was tailored training, and the other two were not tailored, and were designated as familiarization and core/refresher training. The exemplars were tested with Soldiers attending the Warrior Leader Course at Fort Benning. In all conditions, Soldiers showed higher test scores after training. However, for the less familiar topic, the greatest impact was found for the tailored training condition over non-tailored familiarization and core/refresher training. The familiar topic showed no differences among needs-based conditions. These results indicated that structure is necessary for novel material to mimic what learners naturally do with familiar material. To effectively modify IMI to a needs-based format, one needs to define the learning needs of the specific audience up front and to structure the IMI to support individual choice and flexibility.