Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sub-centres, socio-economic characteristics and commuting: a case study and its implications

ABSTRACT Institutional and economic reforms in China have not only delivered major improvements in people’s living standards but also changed the spatial structure of Chinese cities. In addition, substantially increased commuting times have become a serious problem influencing quality of life in the mega-cities of China. Accordingly, research into the dynamics of urban restructuring in rapidly growing Chinese cities and the impacts on workers’ commuting patterns would provide important evidence in this research field. The results of this case study suggest that polycentric urban development has a significant influence on employees’ commuting times. Promoting local jobs-housing balance in sub-centres would shorten commuting times for workers. The findings also suggest that the locations and types of employment centres are significantly associated with individuals’ choice of housing and workplace locations, and accordingly their commuting behaviour. The effects of decentralization of employment on workers’ commuting times differ depending on the extent of suburbanization of different economic sectors. The findings in this research also suggest that workers’ commuting behaviour is related to individual socio-economic characteristics, such as income and education.
Investigation on fragmentation pathways of bisphenols by using electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE Bisphenols, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS), are widely used in industrial products, although they have been demonstrated to be environmental contaminants with toxicity. However, few studies on the mass spectrometric fragmentation pathway of these compounds have been reported using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). METHODS The MS/MS fragmentations of nine bisphenols, together with several corresponding isotope-labeled compounds, were studied by Orbitrap MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative ion mode and higher energy collisional-dissociation (HCD). The [M - H](-) ions of the compounds formed by ESI were selected as the precursor ions for MS/MS. The accurate m/z values for product ions were acquired to deduce the elemental compositions and fragmentation pathways. RESULTS The elemental compositions of the ions were calculated from the accurate mass data. Common MS/MS product ions and characteristic neutral losses were summarized. Six bisphenols formed the common product ion at m/z 93 (C6 H5 O). The [M - H](-) ions of five bisphenols were found to lose a phenol group (C6 H5 OH). Four bisphenols formed the [M - H - CH4 ](-) ion. The proposed fragmentation pathways of representative compounds of BPA and BPS were verified from the analysis of isotope-labeled compounds. CONCLUSIONS The MS/MS fragmentation pathways of nine bisphenols were, for the first time, systematically investigated with HRMS. The obtained data could be valuable for the identification of a variety of bisphenols in environmental and biological samples.
Relative Strategic Emphasis and Firm-Idiosyncratic Risk: The Moderating Role of Relative Performance and Demand Instability

Firms may allocate scarce resources to two fundamental strategic processes: value creation and value appropriation. The relative investment in these processes (i.e., a firm's relative strategic emphasis) may be associated with firm-idiosyncratic risk. Empirically, a firm's relative strategic emphasis is represented by the difference between its advertising expenditure and its research-and-development expenditure. Using data from 2,403 firms over the period of 2000–2014, the authors find that firms’ relative strategic emphasis on value appropriation versus value creation reduces firm risk, though in a contingent manner. This association is weaker when firms have larger positive or negative relative performance. Furthermore, these contingent associations are stronger when demand instability in an industry is higher. Overall, the results demonstrate that a firm's strategic emphasis should be examined in light of its relative performance, as well as in the context of current market conditions, when making judicious resource allocation decisions.
Applied Methods Of Cost Effectiveness Analysis In Healthcare

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What drives Performance in the Speculative Market of Short-term Exchange-traded Retail Products?

This paper considers the realized returns of individual investors in warrants and leverage certificates. First, we derive a general formula that analytically decomposes the return into several economically meaningful components that are related to investor's trading behavior and the issuers' price-setting strategy. Second, we use a large trade dataset to analyze returns along these components and also link them to investors' risk taking strategy. Our main findings are threefold: (i) The overall performance is poor. (ii) Investors show neutral timing skills, while the main performance driver is the issuers' price-setting. (iii) Higher risk taking by investors diminishes the performance further. Our results imply that retail investors do not achieve a pecuniary benefit from the considered financial innovations.
Does Postprandial Walking Influence Delayed Gastric Emptying in Patients with Long-Standing IDDM?

ial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO multinational study. Diabetes Care 6:361-369, 1983 3. Putsch JR, Miesenbock G, Hopferwieser T, Muhlberger V, Knapp E, Dunn JK, Gotto AM Jr, Patsch W: Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary heart disease: studies in the postprandial state. ArteriosclcrThromb 12:1336-1345, 1992 4. Katsilambros N: Postprandial triglyceridaemia. Diabetic Med 12:451,1995 5. Stewart MW, Laker MF, Alberti KGMM: Effects of self monitoring of triglycerides concentrations in non-insulin dependent diabetes. BrMcdJ 306:493,1993
The Amino-terminal Charge and Core Region Hydrophobicity Interdependently Contribute to the Function of Signal Sequences*

We have constructed a series of signal sequence mutants that contain negatively charged amino termini and simplified core regions of varying hydrophobicity levels. This series provides a means of exploring the relative roles of the amino terminus and the hydrophobic core region during transport. The signal peptides with highly hydrophobic core regions support a rapid rate of transport in the presence of a negatively charged amino terminus. We have found that these negatively charged mutants are secreted in a manner similar to the wild-type signal sequence; sodium azide and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone treatments indicate that the negatively charged mutants depend on SecA and the protonmotive force, respectively. These same mutants also demonstrate reduced competition with coexpressed β-lactamase, reflecting the lower overall affinity for the transport pathway due to the net negative charge at the amino terminus. In addition, the pronounced effects of introducing three negative charges support the conclusion that the two regions function in a concerted manner.
Aminosyn II effectively blocks renal uptake of 18F-labeled anti-tac disulfide-stabilized Fv.

Because intact IgG has limitations as a tumor-imaging agent, radiolabeled Fv fragments are being evaluated. Due to the high renal accumulation of Fv fragments, methods to block renal uptake are being sought. This study evaluated how well Aminosyn II, a Food and Drug Administration-approved 15% amino acid solution, would block the renal accumulation of 18F anti-Tac disulfide-stabilized Fv (dsFv) fragments (small fragments with high renal uptake). The anti-Tac dsFv is directed against the alpha subunit of the interleukin 2 receptor. It was labeled at specific activities of 1.1-2.7 mCi/mg using N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluoromethyl benzoate. Four adult baboons were injected i.v. with 0.7-1.9 mCi and 150 microg of dsFv. Each baboon was preinjected with Aminosyn II i.v. and, on a separate occasion, with a control solution. Thirty min before injection of 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv, a bolus of either solution was given, followed by a constant infusion of 13.3 ml/kg/h. Quantitative positron emission tomography imaging was performed. The amino acid levels in serum were measured serially. The baseline levels of lysine (and other amino acids) in plasma were not significantly different in either the Aminosyn II or control infusion group and did not change during the control infusion. In the Aminosyn II group, lysine levels in plasma 5 min before anti-Tac dsFv infusion were 5-15 times higher than the baseline value and continued to rise during the infusion. The areas under the curve in blood of the 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv, from time of injection to end of imaging, expressed as percentage injected dose (%ID), were 28.94 +/- 4.05%ID x h/liter (mean +/- SD) for the control group and 32.09 +/- 11.15%ID x h/liter for the Aminosyn II group (P = 0.54). The peak concentration of 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv in the kidney of the controls was 24.53 +/- 4.34%ID; the value in the Aminosyn II group was 5.39 +/- 1.89%ID, representing a mean decrease of 78.5%. The times to reach 90% of the peak levels of 18F in the kidney were 5.6 +/- 3.0 min for the Aminosyn II group and 33.8 +/- 4.8 min for the control group. The amounts excreted in urine by 90 min were 47.7 +/- 8.55%ID and 78.5 +/- 12.8%ID (P = 0.01) for the controls and Aminosyn II group, respectively. In conclusion, Aminosyn II effectively blocks the renal accumulation of 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv. Use of Aminosyn II should allow much higher tracer administration for the same radiation exposure to the target organ (kidney).
Natural Killer Cells and the Immune Response in Solid Organ Transplantation

Natural killer (NK) cells have been characterized classically for their cytotoxicity against pathogen infected or stressed cells as well as for their role in monitoring the expression of self MHC I. However, the participation of NK cells in solid organ transplantation (SOT) is poorly defined due to conflicting clinical and animal model data. Preclinical models have shown that NK cells exacerbate T‐cell allogeneic responses during rejection, but can also promote tolerance induction under immunosuppressive conditions. Further, while protocols such as costimulatory blockade effectively induce tolerance by blocking T‐cell activation and promoting Treg generation, how such regimens regulate other innate and adaptive immune cells, including NK cells, is incomplete. This review examines NK cells and the regulation of their effector functions in SOT.
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ( MnSOD )

2 Introduction 3 Phylogenetic distribution and subcellular localization 3 Kinetics and mechanism 3 Molecular and chemical structure 5 Biological significance 8 Summary 9 References 10 Abstract Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the primary antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative stress by catalyzing dismutation of superoxide (O2 ) to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The rate constant of this dismutation reaction is near the diffusion limit. Human MnSOD is a homotetramer. The active site metal complex is formed from four protein side chains. Manganese in the active site carries out a oneelectron transfer between two O2 radicals. A number of residues that are strictly conserved in MnSOD families are essential for catalytic function. Many different kinds of tumors express low level of MnSOD. Overexpression of MnSOD suppresses tumorigenicity. Much evidence supports that MnSOD is a tumor suppressor. This paper will review the mechanism, molecular and chemical structure and biological significance of MnSOD.
Accuracy of MMPI–2–RF Validity Scales for Identifying Feigned PTSD Symptoms, Random Responding, and Genuine PTSD

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2–RF (MMPI–2–RF) validity scales were evaluated to determine accuracy when differentiating honest responding, random responding, genuine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and feigned PTSD. Undergraduate students (n = 109), screened for PTSD, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 instructional groups: honest, feign PTSD, half random, and full random. Archival data provided clinical MMPI–2–RF profiles consisting of 31 veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Veterans were diagnosed with PTSD using a structured interview and had passed a structured interview for malingering. Validity scales working as a group had correct classification rates of honest (96.6%), full random (88.9%), genuine PTSD (80.7%), fake PTSD (73.1%), and half random (44.4%). Results were fairly supportive of the scales’ ability to discriminate feigning and full random responding from honest responding of normal students as well as veterans with PTSD. However, the RF validity scales do not appear to be as effective in detecting partially random responding.
The Financial Volatility of Islamic Banks during the Subprime Crisis

This empirical study examines the financial stability of Islamic banks during the subprime crisis. It covers a sample of fourteen Islamic banks and fourteen conventional banks. The conditional variance (volatility) of returns was used to measure financial stability. The E-GARCH and GJR-GARCH asymmetric models were used to estimate volatility due to their ability to take into account the leverage effect. The results of this study show that conventional bank returns were highly volatile during the crisis period, while Islamic banks saw their volatility - initially low - increase during the crisis, though to a much more moderate extent. These results corroborate both the hypothesis that Islamic banks were at least partially immune to the subprime crisis and the underlying hypothesis that Islamic banks are not subject to the same risks as conventional banks - although, due to their links with the real economy, they do eventually suffer the consequences of the subprime crisis.
Factors influencing the entrepreneurial value creation in the UAE-An exploratory study

The policy shift of United Arab Emirates (UAE) from dependence on oil resources to other sources for the growth of its economy is opening opportunities for Entrepreneurship as a career. In this context, it is important to understand the factors that would facilitate the process of entrepreneurial value creation. The process model of entrepreneurship is used as the basis to understand the various processes that an entrepreneur undertakes in creating his entrepreneurial venture. A sample of 30 case studies of UAE entrepreneurs’ experience with the entrepreneurial process was studied and content analysis of the case studies carried out. A major conclusion is the lack of institutional support for entrepreneurship, related to training, mentoring and information availability, which hinders the ability of the entrepreneurs in the UAE to successfully navigate their venture creation process. The findings of the study are one of the first to provide an insight into the entrepreneurial climate of UAE, when entrepreneurship is at a nascent stage in the country.
Parolee–Parole Officer Rapport: Does It Impact Recidivism?

Parole officers are an integral part of parolees’ reentry process and success. Few studies, however, have examined whether the quality of the relationship between parolees and their parole officer influences outcomes such as recidivism. This study assesses how recidivism is affected by the quality of the relationship that parolees have with their parole officers. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) dataset, we use parolees’ perceptions of their relationship with their parole officer to determine whether they have established a positive or negative relationship, and whether these types of relationships differentially affect recidivism. Results show that parolees who have a negative relationship with their parole officer have higher rates of recidivism, while a positive relationship lowers parolees’ likelihood of recidivating. An implication of this study emphasizes parole officer training that develops positive, high-quality relationships with parolees. Further implications are discussed below.
Premenstrual Asthma and Symptoms Related to Premenstrual Syndrome

Background. It is unclear whether premenstrual asthma is associated with premenstrual syndrome. The objective of this study is to compare premenstrual symptoms among asthmatic women according to whether they have premenstrual asthma or not. Methods. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms during a single menstrual cycle was developed for asthmatics of fertile age, together with another on symptoms related to premenstrual syndrome. These included dysphoric-psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, fatigue, irritability, and mood swings), edematous symptoms (abdominal and mammary tension, swelling, acne, and migraine), and other symptoms (leg pains, nausea, sweating, vomiting, and tiredness). Morning and evening peak flow scores were collected to evaluate lung function. Premenstrual asthma was determined to be a ≥ 20% objective exacerbation in the premenstrual phase over the preovulatory phase in terms of both respiratory symptoms and/or peak flow. The intensity of the change in symptoms was evaluated according to the effect size. Results. The study examined 103 patients of fertile age, 46 of whom (44.7%) presented with premenstrual asthma. Practically all of the monitored symptoms increased in the premenstrual phase with respect to the preovulatory phase. This increase was greater in women with premenstrual asthma, especially for abdominal tension (effect size .88 against .33; p = .009) and mammary tension (.95 against .49; p = .018). Conclusions. A clear link was found between premenstrual asthma and the premenstrual exacerbation of dysphoric symptoms, and certain edematous symptoms such as abdominal and mammary tension as well as a swelling sensation.
Congenital absence of the hymen only a rumor?

To the Editor. — The authors of a recent article1 examined the hymenal anatomy in 1,131 newborn infants without major anomalies of the urogenital tract. Congenital absence of the hymen was not observed in this study, and its frequency was Calculated to be 0.00265 or less than 0.3%. They concluded that the lowest estimation of the frequency of this genital anomaly would be essentially zero. As part of our monitoring system to determine the incidence of congenital malformations in our newborn population, we examined2 25,068 female newborns between 1974 and 1987.
Platelet microparticles promote platelet interaction with subendothelial matrix in a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-dependent mechanism.

BACKGROUND Platelets, on activation, release vesicular particles called platelet microparticles. Despite their procoagulant activity, their functional role in platelet-vessel wall interactions is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the binding of microparticles to vessel wall components in vitro and in vivo. Microparticles bound to fibrinogen-, fibronectin-, and collagen-coated surfaces. Compared with activated platelets, we observed minimal binding of microparticles to vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitors abciximab and eptifibatide (Integrilin) inhibited the binding to fibrinogen and fibronectin but had minimal effect on binding to collagen. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies to GP Ib or anionic phospholipid-binding proteins (beta2-glycoprotein I or annexin V) had no effect in these interactions. Microparticles did not bind to monolayers of resting or stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), even in the presence of fibrinogen or von Willebrand factor. However, under similar conditions, microparticles bound to extracellular matrix produced by cultured HUVECs. Abciximab inhibited this interaction by approximately 50%. In a rabbit model of arterial endothelial injury, the infusion of 51Cr-labeled microparticles resulted in a 3- to 5-fold increase of microparticle adhesion to the injured site compared with the uninjured site (P<0.05%). Furthermore, activated platelets bound to surface-immobilized microparticles in a GP IIb/IIIa-dependent mechanism. This binding increased in the presence of fibrinogen by approximately 30%. CONCLUSIONS Platelet microparticles bind to subendothelial matrix in vitro and in vivo and can act as a substrate for further platelet binding. This interaction may play a significant role in platelet adhesion to the site of endothelial injury.
Analysis of Low-Frequency Noise in Switched MOSFET Circuits: Revisited and Clarified

Traps that are located in the gate oxide of MOSFETs have been established as a cause of low-frequency noise phenomena. Analysis of such noise is usually based on frequency domain, stationary models. It has been shown that such simplistic models produce erroneous results for circuits with time-varying bias conditions. Tian proposed an idealized trap model with the goal of capturing the nonstationary behavior of oxide traps, and were able to elucidate the experimentally observed large noise power reduction in switched MOSFET circuits which eluded any explanation obtainable with legacy stationary models. In this paper, we build on their seminal work and first identify an oversight in their model derivation which had produced an incorrect expression for the single trap noise spectrum. We next derive the correct spectrum expression, verify it against detailed idealized trap simulations and discuss its implications. The idealized trap model is amenable to analytical derivations and useful as a first stage in understanding nonstationary trap noise. We then demonstrate that noise simulations based on a detailed trap description implemented in a compact MOSFET model in a circuit simulator are needed for an accurate characterization of low-frequency noise in switched MOSFET circuits that matches experimental results.
Hepcidin Levels in Children with Chronic Liver Disease

Background/Aim: We aimed to analyze serum hepcidin level in children with chronic liver disease (CLD) and its relationship with serum cytokines level, liver function tests, hepatic iron content, and liver fibrosis. Patients and Methods: The study included 34 children with CLD, and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy children. Serum hepcidin, ferritin, iron level, interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β ), total oxidant status (TOS), and antioxidant status (TAS) were studied in all patients and in the control group. Liver iron content (LIC) was measured from the liver biopsy specimen. Results: Serum ferritin levels were higher in patients with CLD than control group (100.1 ± 98.2 ng/mL vs 50.5 ± 32.2 ng/mL, P = 0.016). No significant difference was found in hepcidin levels. Hepcidin levels in children with CLD was positively correlated with ferritin (r = 0.75, P = 0.001), pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score (r = 0.56, P = 0.001), TAS (r = 0.42, P = 0.02), but negatively correlated with albumin level (r = −0.45, P = 0.008). Transferrin saturation and hepcidin:ferritin ratio were significantly low in patients with severe fibrosis compared with patients with mild/without fibrosis (15.5 ± 5.5 vs 34.3 ± 30.1, P = 0.017 and 1 ± 0.5 vs 1.9 ± 1.4, P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Serum hepcidin levels in children with CLD reflect both liver functions and TAS, and severe fibrosis is associated with low hepcidin:ferritin ratio in children with CLD.