Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Language Learning Strategies: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students in a Private University

The objectives of this research were to investigate the language learning strategy use of undergraduate students at Bangkok University, compare their language learning strategies use classified by gender, experience of studying English, and subjects, and study the relationship between their learning strategy use and English language ability. The data were collected from 400 students enrolling in EN 013 and EN 311 in the first semester of 2012 by Oxford’s Strategies Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-tests, and Pearson Correlation. The findings revealed that the overall use of language learning strategies was at a moderate level. In addition, students with different gender and experience of studying English did not use language learning strategies differently at the significance level of . 05. However, statistically significant differences were found in overall strategy use and in all categories between students taking two English courses. That is, the overall language learning strategies use of the students studying EN 013 was higher than those studying EN 311. It was also found that high proficient students tended to use fewer learning strategies while low proficient students tended to use more learning strategies.
Evaluation of remote sensing algorithms for the retrieval of optically-active components in turbid natural waters

A simple mathematical model is elaborated for estimation of chlorophyll, yellow substance and suspended matter concentrations in turbid coastal and inland waters from diffuse reflectance spectra of the water body measured using remote or underwater spectrometers. Measurements were carried out on the Baltic Sea, Estonian and Finnish lakes. Correlation between measured and estimated by means of model calculations concentrations of optically active components were calculated.
Evaluating Student Preparedness and Conceptual Change in Introductory Biology Students Studying Gene Expression

Conceptual difficulties experienced by introductory college biology students studying gene expression are explored in this empirical study. We used an open-ended assessment instrument and a pre-test/post-test design to measure prior knowledge and conceptual change over the course of one semester. Our findings suggest that introductory biology students struggle with the basic terminology necessary to understand complex biological systems at the molecular and genetic level. While conceptual growth from the beginning to the end of the semester was less than expected, learning gains were significant for all concepts examined by our assessment strategy. Qualitative evaluation of pre- and post-tests further highlighted the difficulty students have articulating their knowledge using scientific language. In our discussion, we emphasize the importance of assessing conceptual understanding, developing instructional strategies to promote conceptual change, and the need for closer alignment of curriculum between and within institutions. Ultimately, educational and institutional resources to support faculty development in the area of teaching and learning are critical for the retention and preparation of a diverse student population in the biological sciences.
Wrist Movement Characterization by Mechanomyography Technique

Mechanomyography (MMG) monitors the oscillations caused by muscle contraction. Muscle contractions generate motion artifacts which can significantly affect signal processing of MMG. In order to avoid such interference during signal analysis, one can respect a time delay (TD) after the onset of contraction (OC). This study aimed to identify wrist antagonist movements horn signals recorded with MMG sensors. The distinction was performed after evaluating the correlation between windows of interest in signals between 0.2 s after OC (0.2 AOC) and 1.0 s after OC (1.0 AOC). Twelve volunteers performed concentric wrist contractions: flexion and ulnar deviation (inner side) and extension and radial deviation (outer side). Two triaxial MMG sensors were placed on the inner and outer sides of the forearm. The features used in the analysis of MMG signals were root mean square (RMS), number of zero-crossings, peak counting and the multiplication RMS times number of zero-crossings (RZ). Two analysis window lengths (0.25 s and 0.5 s) were evaluated. ANOVA tests indicated that flexion was different from extension. ulnar and radial deviation, and radial deviation was different from ulnar deviation and flexion. The results suggest that it is possible to identify whether the movements are antagonistic and to distinguish movements from the same side. There were strong correlations between the acquired signals and TD, mainly the devised RZ feature (0.81~0.95). This study proposed an approach to determine whether triaxial MMG features can be used for motor prosthesis control. The triaxial modulus presented strong correlations for all movements and can be useful in future applications.
Project Report: Wider use of DyscalculiUM: An electronic screening tool for dyscalculia in HE

• To improve the screening of students who have dyscalculia and not dyslexia. • To improve support for students who have dyscalculia. • To bring into wider use DyscalculiUM – a web-based tool for learning support tutors to screen students for dyscalculia. • To evaluate the effectiveness of DyscalculiUM within other HEIs’ screening procedures. • To disseminate findings to HEIs and FE colleges. • To raise awareness of dyscalculia and the need for tools to screen for dyscalculia in HEIs and FE colleges.
Synthesis of New Iminocoumarins and Their Transformations into N-Chloro and Hydrazono Compounds.

The Knoevenagel reaction between 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes and active methylene compounds (malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate) produces iminocoumarins and/or coumarins. In order to study the reactivity of the prepared iminocoumarins, chlorination and reaction with N-nucleophiles were studied.
DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE NOMENCLATURE OF CLAY MINERALS AND RELATED PHYLLOSILICATES

Attempts to find a generally acceptable scheme of classification and nomenclature for clay minerals by the nomenclature committees of The Clay Minerals Society (C.M.S.), the Comite International pour l’Etude des Argiles (C.I.P.E.A.), and the International Mineralogical Association (I.M.A.) are summarized. The C.M.S. committee has been working on this problem continuously since 1961 and has transmitted its views to C.I. P.E. A. , first at the time of the Stockholm meeting, 1963, and subsequently, in more detail, after receiving the first draft of the C.I. P.E. A. proposals. The C.I. P.E. A. committee held discussions in Stockholm, 1963, and subsequently submitted a first draft to 32 nations; from the replies received, a final draft of the C.I. P.E. A. proposals was prepared and submitted to the I.M.A. in 1964. The report from the I.M.A. was made available in August, 1965.
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Group in Field Soil Evaluated by a Newly Developed Method Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis

Spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria into environment is becoming a major public health problem, implicating affair of the indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human through drinking water, or vegetables, or daily products. Until now, the risk of nosocomial infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria has mainly been evaluated using clinical isolates by phenotypic method. To evaluate a risk of community-acquired infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, a new method has been developed based on PCR-RFLP without isolation. By comparing restriction fragment lengths of the 16S rDNA gene from bacterial mixture grown under antibiotic treatment to those simulated from the DNA sequence, bacterial taxonomies were elucidated using the method of Okuda and Watanabe [1] [2]. In this study, taxonomies of polymyxin B resistant bacteria group in field soils, paddy field with organic manure and upland field without organic manure were estimated without isolation. In the both field soils, the major bacteria grown under the antibiotic were B. cereus group, which had natural resistance to this antibiotic. In field applied with organic manure, Prevotella spp. , and the other Cytophagales, which were suggested to be of feces origin and to acquire resistance to the antibiotic, were detected. When numbers of each bacterial group were roughly estimated by the most probable number method, B. cereus group was enumerated to be 3.30 × 10 6 MPN/g dry soil in paddy field soil and 1.32 × 10 6 MPN/g dry soil in upland filed. Prevotella spp. and the other Cytophagales in paddy field were enumerated to be 1.31 × 106 MPN, and 1.07 × 10 6 MPN∙g −1 dry soil.
Library of Congress

And from our perspective, trying to 1 answer that at this point would be like asking us to 2 categorize or classify the specific angels that are 3 dancing on the head of a pin. We'd be glad to try, 4 but we just don't see any. 5 And until we see some evidence of 6 specific adverse impacts, it's very difficult to 7 figure out whether you can design a particular class 8 of works that covers those adverse impacts. 9 If you agree with this, and if at the 10 end of the day as you assess the evidence, you don't 11 think that the adverse impact has been demonstrated, 12 you may want to take the approach of not addressing 13 the question of what would constitute a particular 14 class of works. You may want to leave flexibility 15 for yourselves and your successors three years from 16 now in the next triennial proceeding, when the 17 evidentiary record may be more complete. 18 At that time, if there is evidence of 19 specific adverse impacts, that would be a point at 20 which you'll need to decide whether that evidence 21 can be organized to define particular classes of 22 works. 23 Let me turn to, three issues that were 24 quite prominent in the hearings in Washington. In 25
Phase Composition, Size, Orientation, and Antenna Effects of Self-Assembled Anodized Titania Nanotube Arrays : A Polarized Micro-Raman Investigation

Polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the phase composition and transformation from the amorphous to the crystalline state, size effects, and the crystallographic orientation and antenna polarization effects on self-organized anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs). The morphological characteristics of the NTs were tailored by electrochemical anodization in both aqueous (phosphate buffer) and organic (ethylene glycol) electrolytes as well as in perchlorate/chloride-containing electrolytes. Postgrowth thermal annealing was confirmed to reduce markedly the organic and inorganic species encapsulated in the as-grown arrays and drive the transformation of the amorphous titania to nanocrystalline anatase. Crystallite size and shape effects as well as oxygen nonstoichiometry were investigated through the variation of the low-frequency Eg anatase mode for the TiO2 NT arrays produced in different electrolyte media, and the results were compared with the predictions of the phonon confinement model for a.
Latent Topic Modeling of Consumer Reviews: Linking Text Evaluations to Customer Satisfaction and Brands

Firms collect an increasing amount of consumer feedback in the form of unstructured consumer reviews. These reviews contain text about consumer experiences with products and services that are different from surveys that query consumers for specific information. A challenge in analyzing unstructured consumer reviews is in making sense of the topics that are expressed in the words used to describe these experiences. We propose a new model for exploratory text analysis that makes use of the sentence structure contained in the reviews, and show that it leads to improved inference and prediction relative to existing models using data from Expedia. The topics associated with different levels of satisfaction and hotel brands are found to be different, more distinguished and more interpretable that those emerging from alternative analysis.
The Four Strands

The activities in a language course can be classified into the four strands of meaning-focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning and fluency development. In a well designed course there should be an even balance of these strands with roughly equal amounts of time given to each strand. The research evidence for the strands draws on the input hypothesis and learning from extensive reading, the output hypothesis, research on form-focused instruction, and the development of speaking and reading fluency. The paper concludes with 10 principles based largely on the four strands. The strands framework and the principles provide a basis for managing innovation in language courses.
Example-Based Outlier Detection for High Dimensional Datasets

Detecting outliers is an important problem, in applications such as fraud detection, financial analysis, health monitoring and so on. It is typical of most such applications to possess high dimensional datasets. Many recent approaches detect outliers according to some reasonable, pre-defined concepts of an outlier (e.g., distance-based, density-based, etc.). Most of these concepts are proximity-based which define an outlier by its relationship to the rest of the data. However, in high dimensional space, the data becomes sparse which implies that every object can be regarded as an outlier from the point of view of similarity. Furthermore, a fundamental issue is that the notion of which objects are outliers typically varies between users, problem domains or, even, datasets. In this paper, we present a novel solution to this problem, by detecting outliers based on user examples for high dimensional datasets. By studying the behavior of projections of such a few outlier examples in the dataset, the proposed method discovers the hidden view of outliers and picks out further objects that are outstanding in the projection where the examples stand out greatly. Our experiments on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to detect outliers that match users' intentions.
Performance of Skilled Typists as a Function of Pacing, Response Complexity and Urgency in Numerical Hear-and-type Tasks

Performance of skilled typists in numerical hear-and-type tasks, i.e. making immediate keypresses in response to verbally presented numbers, has practical and theoretical importance because it help understand perceptual-motor skills and error mechanisms. Effects of speech rates (500ms vs. 1000ms interval), urgency (elicited by monetary rewards) and finger strategies (single vs. multi-finger typing) on typing speed and accuracy were investigated. Fast speech rate and multi-finger typing degraded both typing speed and accuracy, while urgency improved typing speed at the expense of decreasing accuracy. Errors were almost doubled under urgent condition while urgency effect on speed was similar to that of speech rate. The results implied that common beliefs of fast speech and multi-finger typing being incentive to typing performance might not be true, and internalized urgency could play a more important role in error-making than external task demands.
Proton-Transfer Processes in Well-Defined Media: Experimental Investigation of Photoinduced and Thermal Proton-Transfer Processes in Single crystals of 2-(2,4-Dinitrobenzyl)pyridine Derivatives

A detailed spectroscopic study of photoinduced and thermally activated proton-transfer processes for a series of different crystals of 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine derivatives has been performed. The quantitative analysis of ground- and excited-state activation barriers and preexponential factors in deuterated and nondeuterated crystals shows clearly that the observed photochromism is linked to a proton-transfer process. Furthermore, it is clearly seen that the supramolecular environment of the transferred proton participates in the proton-transfer process. These supramolecular effects control the relative rates and efficiencies of the observed proton-transfer processes in both the ground and excited state, yielding, at room temperature, photoproducts having lifetimes ranging between hours and weeks. At least two proton-accepting groups may be active in the abstraction of the proton from its relatively stable benzylic position. Additionally, low-temperature measurements of proton-transfer processes show .
The Impact of Laptop Computers on Student Learning Behaviors as Perceived by Classroom Teachers

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of laptop computers on student learning behaviors. Each student and teacher was equipped with a laptop computer in which they had 24/7 access. Qualitative research methodology was used in this study and the data consisted of classroom observations, a review of the teachers’ lesson plans, and in-depth interviews with five classroom teachers. The results of this study revealed that laptop computers had a positive impact on student learning behaviors. Students were engaged in the learning process, produced higher quality work, and had improved communication with their teachers when they had access to laptop computers. Through analysis of the data, the researcher suggested that the changes in student behavior occurred because of personalized learning for each student, access to multiple materials and media, and the laptop computer serving as assistive technology.
Picture This

Corporate documents increasingly rely on visual rhetoric to complement text. Although previous studies have indicated that companies’ local culture may be reflected in the images they employ, scholars have never systematically investigated the use of visual rhetoric as it is used across different business cultures. This study analyzes visual rhetoric using a new model of visual metadiscourse—a set of devices that designers use to convey meaning in order to influence the audience’s interpretation of the text. The study compares the visual metadiscourse in photos used in English management statements in the annual reports of Dutch and U.K. companies. The results show that metadiscourse is inherent not only in the written text of a corporate document but also in the visuals that a design team chooses to include. The results also indicate that despite some similarities, Dutch-based and U.K.-based statements contain differences in their use of visual metadiscourse. Several of these differences can be attributed to cultural differences between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The study underlines the applicability of the new model and warns international text designers not to overlook cultural differences in visual metadiscourse.
Validation of neural net architectures on speech recognition tasks

Using two speech recognition tasks, the authors compared the performance and behavior of time delay neural networks (NN), learning vector quantization, and a modular architecture. This set of experiments makes it possible to investigate the capabilities of the models and demonstrate some of their weaknesses. Good performance was obtained through the use of sophisticated architectures which encompass the limitations of more basic NN models. This is particularly clear for a phoneme experiment where it was possible to increase the performances until they were far better than those of traditional classifiers. This improvement was obtained in successive steps by using modified cost functions or algorithms and building a combined architecture. These results illustrate that current NN algorithms can be greatly improved. Modular architectures like the one used are a promising way to do this. <<ETX>>
An ICT environment to assess and support students' mathematical problem-solving performance in non-routine puzzle-like word

This paper reports on a small-scale study on primary school students’ problem-solving performance. In the study, problem solving is understood as solving non-routine puzzlelike word problems. The problems require dealing simultaneously with multiple, interrelated variables. The study employed an ICT environment both as a tool to support students’ learning by offering them opportunities to produce solutions, experiment and reflect on solutions, and as a tool to monitor and assess the students’ problem solving processes. In the study, 24 fourth-graders were involved from two schools in the Netherlands. Half of the students who belonged to the experimental group worked in pairs in the ICT environment. The analysis of the students’ dialogues and actions provided us with a detailed picture of students’ problem solving and revealed some interesting processes, for example, the bouncing effect that means that the students first come with a correct solution and later give again an incorrect solution. The test data collected before and after this “treatment” did not offer us a sufficient basis to draw conclusions about the power of ICT environment to improve the students’ problem-solving performance.
Three New Diterpenoids from Euphorbia cheiradenia

Three new diterpene esters, cheiradone (1), cheiradone A (2), and cheiradone B (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia cheiradenia, collected in Iran. The structures were determined using different spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Robinson, Orrin W. (2001). Whose German? The ach/ich alternation and related phenomena in ‘standard’ and ‘colloquial’. (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 208.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Pp. xi+169.

Whose German? (henceforth WG) is a brief monograph in which a novel treatment of the distribution of the dorsal fricatives [ç] and [x] in Modern German, including Standard German as well as various non-standard dialects, is proposed. WG is important not only because it deals with various theoretical issues, e.g. the correct featural representation for palatals and the proper treatment of the German data in Optimality Theory, but also because it addresses the fundamental question of what the proper set of data in a linguistic analysis should be. The book will interest not only Germanicists, but also general linguists interested in phonological theory (e.g. feature geometry, Autosegmental Phonology, Optimality Theory), as well as sociolinguists and dialectologists. WG consists of nine chapters. Readers of this journal are perhaps aware of the German data and some of the recent analyses thereof (see the Phonology articles by Hall 1989, Macfarland & Pierrehumbert 1991, Iverson & Salmons 1992, Noske 1997). I summarise the relevant data here briefly before presenting a chapter-bychapter summary, since WG can be seen as a response to these and other earlier treatments. Postvocalically (within a morpheme) the palatal fricative [ç] and the velar fricative [x]1 are in complementary distribution in such a way that [x] follows back vowels and [ç] front vowels, e.g. Bu[x] ‘book’ vs. i[ç] ‘I ’. Postconsonantally (i.e. after the three sonorant consonants /n l R/) and in the diminutive suffix -chen the palatal occurs, e.g. man[ç] ‘many’, Dol[ç] ‘dagger’, dur[ç] ‘ through’, Frau[ç]en ‘mistress (of an animal) ’, Ku[ç]en ‘ little cow’. Note that the latter two examples have [ç] after a back vowel, a point emphasised repeatedly in the literature on the German dorsal fricatives. A final environment is word-initially (e.g. [ç]emie ‘chemistry’), in which [ç] is usually seen as the default case and [x] as typical for unassimilated loans (e.g. [x]unta ‘ junta’). Although the theoretical approaches to the German data differ widely from author to author, many linguists analyse the facts with a rule of Dorsal Fricative Assimilation (henceforth DFA) which spreads the feature [+back] to /ç/ after a back (or central) vowel within morphemes (see Hall 1989 for a treatment along these lines). The reason that /ç/ and not /x/ is seen as basic is that the latter would require a disjunction, i.e. DFA would