Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AP‐1‐directed human T cell leukemia virus type 1 viral gene expression during monocytic differentiation

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) has previously been shown to infect antigen‐presenting cells and their precursors in vivo. However, the role these important cell populations play in the pathogenesis of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis or adult T cell leukemia remains unresolved. To better understand how HTLV‐1 infection of these important cell populations may potentially impact disease progression, the regulation of HTLV‐1 viral gene expression in established monocytic cell lines was examined. U‐937 promonocytic cells transiently transfected with a HTLV‐1 long‐terminal repeat (LTR) luciferase construct were treated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) to induce cellular differentiation. PMA‐induced cellular differentiation resulted in activation of basal and Tax‐mediated transactivation of the HTLV‐1 LTR. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift analyses demonstrated that PMA‐induced cellular differentiation induced DNA‐binding activity of cellular transcription factors to Tax‐responsive element 1 (TRE‐1) repeat II. Supershift analyses revealed that factors belonging to the activator protein 1 (AP‐1) family of basic region/leucine zipper proteins (Fra‐1, Fra‐2, JunB, and JunD) were induced to bind to TRE‐1 repeat II during cellular differentiation. Inhibition of AP‐1 DNA‐binding activity by overexpression of a dominant‐negative c‐Fos mutant (A‐Fos) in transient expression analyses resulted in severely decreased levels of HTLV‐1 LTR activation in PMA‐induced U‐937 cells. These results have suggested that following infection of peripheral blood monocytes, HTLV‐1 viral gene expression may become up‐regulated by AP‐1 during differentiation into macrophages or dendritic cells.
Sonography of diabetic muscle infarction with MR imaging, CT, and pathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the sonographic findings of muscle infarction in patients with diabetes with MR imaging, CT, and pathologic correlation. CONCLUSION Sonographic findings of diabetic muscle infarction include internal linear echogenic structures coursing through the lesion; an absence of internal motion or swirling of fluid with transducer pressure; and a lack of a predominately anechoic area. We believe that these sonographic characteristics may help differentiate diabetic muscle infarction from abscess or necrotic tumor. Additional study involving direct sonographic comparison of these entities is needed to establish the role of sonography in diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction.
Regular cellular distribution of plasmids by oscillating and filament‐forming ParA ATPase of plasmid pB171

Centromere‐like loci from bacteria segregate plasmids to progeny cells before cell division. The ParA ATPase (a MinD homologue) of the par2 locus from plasmid pB171 forms oscillating helical structures over the nucleoid. Here we show that par2 distributes plasmid foci regularly along the length of the cell even in cells with many plasmids. In vitro, ParA binds ATP and ADP and has a cooperative ATPase activity. Moreover, ParA forms ATP‐dependent filaments and cables, suggesting that ParA can provide the mechanical force for the observed regular distribution of plasmids. ParA and ParB interact with each other in a bacterial two‐hybrid assay but do not interact with FtsZ, eight other essential cell division proteins or MreB actin. Based on these observations, we propose a simple model for how oscillating ParA filaments can mediate regular cellular distribution of plasmids. The model functions without the involvement of partition‐specific host cell receptors and is thus consistent with the striking observation that partition loci can function in heterologous host organisms.
The evolution of psychological contract research and the missing linking of the developing world

Whilst many studies of the psychological contract and its breaches are set in a Western context, this paper focuses on the evolution of psychological contract research and the missing link of the developing world. In an era of globalization which is seeing the emergence of developing economies such as China and India that have overtaken many western countries economically, it is worth looking at how the psychological contract is exemplified in those economies about which little such research has been conducted. The article also found that the context of high unemployment, unsatisfactory working conditions, absence of trade unions and the cultural context in which loyalty are significant, could well be parameters that shape the notion of psychological contract differently in the developing world.
A 65 nm CMOS Wideband Radio Receiver With $\Delta \Sigma $-Based A/D-Converting Channel-Select Filters

This paper presents a wideband quadrature radio receiver employing ΔΣ-based A/D-converting channel-select filters (ADCSFs). The output of the quadrature passive mixer is directly connected to the input of the ADCSFs, where a first-order ΔΣ modulator is incorporated into a fourth-order Butterworth channel-select filter (CSF) to provide sufficient dynamic range for a cellular system. A design methodology for the ADCSF is derived, where the transfer function of the CSF is preserved. The 65 nm CMOS receiver has a frequency range of 0.6-3.0 GHz and can be programmed to support the 2xLTE20, LTE20, and LTE10 bandwidths. The receiver noise figure varies from 2.3 to 3.9 dB, with a current consumption in 2xLTE20 mode between 33 mA at 0.6 GHz and 44 mA at 3.0 GHz from a 1.2 V supply, including 10-21 mA for LO phase generation and distribution. The SNDR is 47-51 dB at an LO frequency of 1.8 GHz.
Why Do I Need a Will Anyway? Assessing the Impact of a Public Legal Education Intervention Embedded in a Longitudinal Survey

In England and Wales less than half of the adult population report that they have a will, with similarly low numbers found in other jurisdictions. Dying intestate can have profound implications on the family relationships, housing security, finances, employment, health and welfare of those who are left behind. Social policy initiatives designed to educate the public on the implications of intestacy offer a potential solution but remain difficult to evaluate. This article explores the results of a public legal education experiment embedded in a longitudinal panel survey. The experiment was designed to explore: (1) the impact of information provision on will creation; and, (2) how ‘opportunistic experiments’ embedded in longitudinal surveys might support public legal education (PLE) evaluation. Whilst the impact of the information intervention in this study was not found to be statistically significant, the methodology points to the possibility of testing more bespoke and substantial initiatives in the future.
Emphasis on various subtopics in the anatomy curriculum for chiropractic training: An international survey of chiropractors and anatomists.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct an international survey of the perceived optimal level of anatomy teaching from anatomy academics and practicing chiropractors. We hypothesized that the optimum level of anatomical understanding for chiropractic students does not differ between the anatomists teaching the students and practicing chiropractors. METHODS The opinion of anatomists teaching in a chiropractic course (n = 16) was compared to practicing chiropractors (n = 589). The students' level of understanding was based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy for 16 different curriculum areas. Anatomists were recruited by contacting the accredited chiropractic courses worldwide. Snowball sampling was used for the practicing chiropractors. Independent-samples Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the results of anatomists and chiropractors. RESULTS Opinions differed between anatomists and chiropractors on 9 out of the 16 questions. Where opinions differed, chiropractors recommended a higher standard of anatomical knowledge. The level suggested by chiropractors for these curriculum areas is equal to the "evaluating" level where chiropractic students can remember, understand, apply, and analyze anatomical knowledge to be able to justify a clinical decision. CONCLUSION Compared to anatomists working in chiropractic programs, chiropractors suggest a higher standard of anatomy be taught to undergraduates. Collaboration between chiropractors and anatomists would likely be beneficial in creating or modifying anatomy curricula for chiropractic students.
Combined Induction of Rubber-Hand Illusion and Out-of-Body Experiences

The emergence of self-consciousness depends on several processes: those of body ownership, attributing self-identity to the body, and those of self-location, localizing our sense of self. Studies of phenomena like the rubber-hand illusion (RHi) and out-of-body experience (OBE) investigate these processes, respectively for representations of a body-part and the full-body. It is supposed that RHi only target processes related to body-part representations, while OBE only relates to full-body representations. The fundamental question whether the body-part and the full-body illusions relate to each other is nevertheless insufficiently investigated. In search for a link between body-part and full-body illusions in the brain we developed a behavioral task combining adapted versions of the RHi and OBE. Furthermore, for the investigation of this putative link we investigated the role of sensory and motor cues. We established a spatial dissociation between visual and proprioceptive feedback of a hand perceived through virtual reality in rest or action. Two experimental measures were introduced: one for the body-part illusion, the proprioceptive drift of the perceived localization of the hand, and one for the full-body illusion, the shift in subjective-straight-ahead (SSA). In the rest and action conditions it was observed that the proprioceptive drift of the left hand and the shift in SSA toward the manipulation side are equivalent. The combined effect was dependent on the manipulation of the visual representation of body parts, rejecting any main or even modulatory role for relevant motor programs. Our study demonstrates for the first time that there is a systematic relationship between the body-part illusion and the full-body illusion, as shown by our measures. This suggests a link between the representations in the brain of a body-part and the full-body, and consequently a common mechanism underpinning both forms of ownership and self-location.
Impulse control, working memory and other executive functions in preterm children when starting school

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore whether children born preterm have deficient executive functions (EF) in comparison with children born at full term, and, if so, whether this is dependent on inferior intelligence scores and can be correlated to specific neonatal risk factors and gender. Methods: In a population‐based study, the executive functions of 182 preterm children (birthweight less than 1500 g, VLBW) and 125 controls from the Stockholm Neonatal Project were assessed at 5± y with a neuropsychological test battery (Nepsy 1990). Results: The controls surpassed the VLBW children on tests of executive functions (EF), even after controlling for intelligence (IQ); a necessary correction since there were significant correlations between measures of EF and IQ. EF was associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and with visual impairment as a whole. In both groups, girls surpassed boys on tests of executive functions.
Monitoring molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia

Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, the evaluation of hematologic and cytogenetic responses was sufficient to gauge treatment efficacy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, with more potent TKI therapies, the majority of patients achieve complete cytogenetic response. Furthermore, deeper molecular responses are now commonly achieved, necessitating a reliance on molecular monitoring to assess residual leukemic disease. The prognostic significance between molecular responses and duration of complete cytogenetic response, progression‐free survival, and event‐free survival is described herein. A discussion of the concept of complete molecular response is also provided, and the potential for imatinib treatment discontinuation is evaluated. The implications of rising BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels and caveats of molecular monitoring are also described. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of an Automated Pattern Analysis Machine Vision Time-lapse System with Traditional Endpoint Measurements in the Analysis of Cell Growth and Cytotoxicity

Machine vision is an application of computer vision. It both collects visual information and interprets the images. Although the machine obviously does not ‘see’ in the same sense that humans do, it is possible to acquire visual information and to create programmes to identify relevant image features in an effective and consistent manner. Machine vision is widely applied in industrial automation, but here we describe how we have used it to monitor and interpret data from cell cultures. The machine vision system used (Cell-IQ) consisted of an inbuilt atmosphere-controlled incubator, where cell culture plates were placed during the test. Artificial intelligence (AI) software, which uses machine vision technology, took care of the follow-up analysis of cellular morphological changes. Basic endpoint and staining methods to evaluate the condition of the cells, were conducted in parallel to the machine vision analysis. The results showed that the automated system for pattern analysis of morphological changes yielded comparable results to those obtained by conventional methods. The inbuilt software analysis offers a promising way of evaluating cell growth and various cell phases. The continuous follow-up and label-free analysis, as well as the possibility of measuring multiple parameters simultaneously from the same cell population, were major advantages of this system, as compared to conventional endpoint measurement methodology.
Over-Tourism and Anti-Tourist Sentiment: An Exploratory Analysis and Discussion

The externalities of tourism have become increasingly visible over the last decade, manifesting themselves in anti-tourism demonstrations in popular destinations such as: Venice, Dubrovnik, Santorini, Barcelona and Amsterdam. These reactions, in conjunction with the corresponding press attention, have led to a variety of proposed measures by tourism stakeholders and decision-makers, aimed at controlling tourism development and restricting incoming tourism. This paper aims at: exploring the root causes of the over-tourism phenomenon, critically assessing the mainstream theories behind it, and questioning the effectiveness of the current measures proposed.
Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in patients with ophthalmic pterygium

Pterygium, an ultraviolet radiation (UV)-related disease, is a relatively benign process, but since it displays tumor-like features, it has been proposed to be a neoplastic- like growth disorder. Vitamin D performs a number of functions in addition to calcium homeostasis, as inhibition of cell proliferation, activation of apoptotic pathways, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Since the antitumor actions of vitamin D are mediated primarily through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), the aim of the present study was to investigate vitamin D status in patients with pterygium and in control subjects, and VDR immunohistochemical expression in samples of pterygium and normal conjunctiva in order to evaluate a possible role of vitamin D pathway in the pathogenesis of the disease. Serum vitamin D concentration was measured among 41 patients with pterygium and 47 volunteers by an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay. Moreover, 23 formalin- fixed and paraffin-embedded pterygium biopsy samples and 24 conjunctiva specimens were treated for the immunohistochemical demonstration of VDR using the streptavidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase method. No differences were observed about vitamin D level between patient with pterygium and control group, but significant differences between VDR immunolocalization in pterygium and normal conjunctiva were observed (P=0.00001). In conjunctiva, the immunoreactivity, localized mainly in cytoplasm of epithelial cells, may probably demonstrate VDR regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, while in pterygium VDR co-localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells may indicate alternative nuclear pathways by which vitamin D might exert its antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative effects by the regulation of gene expression.
Prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has been considered as a complication in diabetic women. The reported data on the prevalence and various risk factors for ASB appear to be conflicting. Consequently, we investigated the prevalence and major risk factors of ASB in women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Transitioning From CRD to CDRD in Bayesian Retrieval of Rainfall From Satellite Passive Microwave Measurements: Part 2. Overcoming Database Profile Selection Ambiguity by Consideration of Meteorological Control on Microphysics

A new cloud dynamics and radiation database (CDRD) precipitation retrieval algorithm for satellite passive microwave (PMW) radiometer measurements has been developed. It represents a modification to and an improvement upon the conventional cloud radiation database (CRD) algorithms, which have always been prone to ambiguity. This part 2 paper of a series describes the methodology of the algorithm and the modeling verification analysis involved in creating a synthetic CDRD database for the Europe/Mediterranean basin region. This is followed by a proof-of-concept analysis, which demonstrates that the underlying CDRD theory based on use of meteorological parameters for reducing retrieval ambiguity is valid. This paper uses a regional/mesoscale model, applied in cloud resolving model (CRM) mode, to produce a large set of numerical simulations of precipitating storms and extended precipitating systems. The simulations are used for selection of millions of meteorological/microphysical vertical profiles within which surface rainfall is identified. For each of these profiles, top-of-atmosphere brightness temperature (TB) vectors are calculated (the vector dimension associated with the number of relevant cm-mm wavelengths and polarizations), based on an elaborate radiative-transfer equation (RTE) model system (RMS) coupled to the CRM. This entire body of simulation information is organized into the CDRD database, then used as a priori knowledge to guide a physical Bayesian retrieval algorithm in obtaining rainfall and associated precipitation parameters from the PMW satellite observations. We first prove the physical validity of our CRM-RMS simulations, by showing that the simulated TBs are in close agreement with observations. Agreement is demonstrated using dual-channel-frequency TB manifold sections, which quantify the degree of overlap between the simulated and observed TBs extracted from the full manifolds. Nevertheless, the salient result of this paper is a proof that the underlying CDRD theory is valid, found by combining subdivisions of the invoked meteorological parameter ranges of values and showing that such meteorological partitioning associates itself with distinct microphysical profiles. It is then shown that these profiles give rise to similar TB vectors, proving the existence of ambiguity in a CRD-type algorithm. Finally, we show that the CDRD methodology provides significant improvements in reducing retrieval ambiguity and retrieval error, especially for land surface backgrounds where contrasts are typically small between the rainfall TB signatures and surface emission signatures.
A Rhodopsin Mutant Linked to Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Prone to Aggregate and Interacts with the Ubiquitin Proteasome System*

The inherited retinal degenerations are typified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that causes the destruction of photoreceptor cells, the retinal pigmented epithelium, and choroid. This group of blinding conditions affects over 1.5 million persons worldwide. Approximately 30–40% of human autosomal dominant (AD) RP is caused by dominantly inherited missense mutations in the rhodopsin gene. Here we show that P23H, the most frequent RP mutation in American patients, renders rhodopsin extremely prone to form high molecular weight oligomeric species in the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Aggregated P23H accumulates in aggresomes, which are pericentriolar inclusion bodies that require an intact microtubule cytoskeleton to form. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we observe that P23H aggregates in the cytoplasm even at extremely low expression levels. Our data show that the P23H mutation destabilizes the protein and targets it for degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system. P23H is stabilized by proteasome inhibitors and by co-expression of a dominant negative form of ubiquitin. We show that expression of P23H, but not wild-type rhodopsin, results in a generalized impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system, suggesting a mechanism for photoreceptor degeneration that links RP to a broad class of neurodegenerative diseases.
Physical activity and risk of hot flashes among women in midlife.

OBJECTIVE Hot flashes commonly affect women during menopause and are among the primary menopausal complaints for which women seek medical treatment. Recent evidence of the potential risks posed by hormone therapies has led to interest in nonhormonal interventions, including physical activity. Studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of physical activity for relief of hot flashes have been limited by small sample size, problems with hot flash classification, and assumptions regarding the timing of risk and effect. The current study evaluated the association between physical activity prior to the time of the last menstrual period (LMP) and hot flashes in a large sample maintaining an appropriate sequence of physical activity and menopausal symptoms. METHODS This study included 512 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who participated in a population-based study of midlife health in the Baltimore metropolitan area. Questionnaires assessed self-reported physical activity levels at various ages as well as frequency and severity of hot flashes. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between physical activity prior to LMP and each of the hot flash outcomes. RESULTS Highly active women between the ages of 35 and 40 were significantly more likely to report moderate to severe hot flashes (OR = 1.70, p = 0.01) and daily hot flashes (OR = 1.79, p < 0.01) than minimally active women in unadjusted models. Adjustment for age and smoking status did not substantially alter these results. CONCLUSIONS Frequent physical activity in midlife may be associated with risk of greater severity and frequency of menopausal hot flashes.