Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Price-destabilizing Short Selling *

We show that short selling may, occasionally, cause excessive price pressure. We study large negative price reversals that occur on no-news days and find that short selling during such reversals is abnormally aggressive and substantially increases the magnitude of price declines. This negative effect on prices extends beyond a mere selling pressure from aggressive sell orders. Consistent with extant theories of predatory trading, price reversals are accompanied by aggressive non-short selling. Large price reversals are more likely to occur in the stocks for which short selling restrictions are lifted; however, even when the restrictions apply, traders often successfully circumvent them.
A viral disease associated with mortalities in hatchery-reared postlarvae of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

During mortality outbreaks in hatchery-reared Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae (PL) in Guadeloupe Island (French West Inbes) during 1997, an associated viral disease was discovered and the agent was subsequently isolated. The clinical signs presented by severely affected PL consisted essentially of an opaque whitish appearance of the abdomen. Histopathological changes in affected PL were characterized predominantly by pale to darkly basophilic, often reticulated, cytoplasmic inclusions in the connective tissue cells of most organs and tissues. The isolated virus was approximately 30 nm in diameter as observed with an electron microscope by negative staining. By its location, structure and size it could be related to different families of the small RNA cytoplasmic viruses such as the Picornaviridae or the Nodaviridae. Its characterization is in progress.
The Effect of Self-Regulation Skills on Self-Efficacy and Happiness of High-School Students

The main aim of this research was to determine the impact of self-regulation skills on self-efficacy and happiness of high-school girls. A quasi experimental research method was used. 30 students of the member of sample group, were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). The Sherer self-efficacy scale and Oxford Happiness Inventory were used for data collection. Self–regulation skills were instructed in six session to the experimental groups, but control group did not receive any intervention. analysis of covariance showed that goal centering, goal penetration, internal motivation, problem solving skills and self-evaluation of the students who received self-regulation instruction were greater than those of students not receiving such instruction. Also the instructing self- regulated skills have a positive effect on happiness of in experimental group. Thus, the acquisition of self-regulation can increase the motivation of students for success and happiness. KEYWORD: self-regulation, self-efficacy, happiness, girl students.
Endodontic Management of Dilaceratd Roots: A Case Series

: Root dilaceration is defined as a deformity that is characterized by displacement of a tooth’s root from its normal alignment with the crown. Controlled regularly tapered preparation of the curved canals is the ultimate challenge in endodontics. This article gives a review of the literature and two interesting case reports of root dilacerations.
Observations and analysis of phase scintillation of spacecraft signal on the interplanetary plasma

Aims. The phase scintillation of the European Space Agency's Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft telemetry signal was observed at X-band (lambda = 3.6 cm) with a number of radio telescopes of the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network in the period 2009-2013. Methods. We found a phase fluctuation spectrum along the Venus orbit with a nearly constant spectral index of -2.42 +/- 0.25 over the full range of solar elongation angles from 0 degrees to 45 degrees, which is consistent with Kolmogorov turbulence. Radio astronomical observations of spacecraft signals within the solar system give a unique opportunity to study the temporal behaviour of the signal's phase fluctuations caused by its propagation through the interplanetary plasma and the Earth's ionosphere. This gives complementary data to the classical interplanetary scintillation (IPS) study based on observations of the flux variability of distant natural radio sources. Results. We present here our technique and the results on IPS. We compare these with the total electron content for the line of sight through the solar wind. Finally, we evaluate the applicability of the presented technique to phase-referencing VLBI and Doppler observations of currently operational and prospective space missions.
An Estimated Small Open Economy Model of the Financial Accelerator

This paper develops a small open economy model in which entrepreneurs partially finance investment using foreign currency-denominated debt subject to an external finance premium. We use Bayesian estimation techniques to evaluate the importance of balance sheet-related credit market frictions for emerging market countries by incorporating the financial accelerator mechanism. We obtain a sizable value for the external finance premium, which is tightly estimated away from zero. Our results support the inclusion of the financial accelerator in an otherwise standard model that-acting through balance sheets-magnifies the impact of shocks, thereby increasing real and financial volatility. Copyright 2006, International Monetary Fund
ASSESSING THE UNRELIABILITY OF THE MEDICAL LITERATURE: A RESPONSE TO "WHY MOST PUBLISHED RESEARCH FINDINGS ARE FALSE"

Abstract. A recent article in this journal (Ioannidis JP (2005) Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med 2: e124) argued that more than half of published research findings in the medical literature are false. In this commentary, we examine the structure of that argument, and show that it has three basic components: 1) An assumption that the prior probability of most hypotheses explored in medical research is below 50%. 2) Dichotomization of P- values at the 0.05 level and introduction of a “bias” factor (produced by significance-seeking), the combination of which severely weakens the evidence provided by every design. 3) Use of Bayes theorem to show that, in the face of weak evidence, hypotheses with low prior probabilities cannot have posterior probabilities over 50%. Thus, the claim is based on a priori assumptions that most tested hypotheses are likely to be false, and then the inferential model used makes it impossible for evidence from any study to overcome this handicap. We focus largely on step (2), explaining how the combination of dichotomization and “bias” dilutes experimental evidence, and showing how this dilution leads inevitably to the stated conclusion. We also demonstrate a fallacy in another important component of the argument –that papers in “hot” fields are more likely to produce false findings.
WORKING PAPER SER IES NO 1729 / SEPTEMBER 2014 FLIGHT TO LIQUIDITY AND THE GREAT RECESSION

This paper argues that counter-cyclical liquidity hoarding by nancial intermediaries may strongly amplify business cycles. It develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model in which banks operate subject to agency problems and funding liquidity risk in their intermediation activity. Importantly, the amount of liquidity reserves held in the nancial sector is determined endogenously: Balance sheet constraints force banks to trade o insurance against funding out ows with loan scale. A nancial crisis, simulated as an abrupt decline in the collateral value of bank assets, triggers a ight to liquidity, which strongly ampli es the initial shock and induces credit crunch dynamics sharing key features with the Great Recession. The paper thus develops a new balance sheet channel of shock transmission that works through the composition of banks' asset portfolios.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Beneficial effects for healthy and sustainable agriculture

It is unanimously admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. One of the promising solutions to substitute these agrochemicals products is the use of bio-resources, including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR focused more and more scientific attention in recent decades. These rhizospheric bacteria colonize actively the root system of plants and improve their growth and yield. The PGPR use different mechanisms of action to promote plant growth. These mechanisms were grouped into three clusters according to the PGPR effects on plant physiology. These groups are as follow: (i) biofertilization including biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphate solubilization, siderophores production and exopolysaccharides production; (ii) phytostimulation including production of indole acetic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins and ethylene; and (ii) biocontrol including induction of systemic resistance, competition for iron, nutrient and space, production of antibiotics, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide and volatile compounds. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, respectful of environment, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best alternatives. Keywords: Rhizosphere, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), root colonization, biofertilization, biocontrol, biostimulation, interaction plant-microorganisms, sustainable agriculture
Semi-Active Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of Buildings under Earthquake Excitations

New Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (AFSMC) method is proposed for semi-active control of buildings under earthquake excitations. The proposed method has the important advantage of being model-free, and therefore, can cope with uncertainties in the structural model, high nonlinearities in the behaviour of MagnetoRheological (MR) dampers and the random nature of the earthquake excitations. The proposed approach encompasses a fuzzy system and a robust controller. The fuzzy system mimics an ideal sliding-mode controller, and the robust controller compensates for the difference between the fuzzy controller and the ideal one. The parameters of the fuzzy system, as well as the uncertainty bound of the robust controller, are tuned adaptively. The adaptive laws are derived in the Lyapunov sense to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the controlled system. The AFSMC controller determines the needed control force, and an internal force-following loop approximately generates the required interaction force by intermittent activation of the semi-active dampers (Clipped algorithm). A three-story benchmark building with only one MR damper in the first floor is considered. By comparing the structural responses in the uncontrolled case, AFSMC/Clipped system and an H2-LQG/Clipped control strategy, advantages of AFSMC method are demonstrated.
Dipolar redistribution of summertime tropical cyclone genesis between the Philippine Sea and the northern South China Sea and its possible mechanisms

[1] Recent observational records show that the dipole oscillation between the Philippine Sea (PS) and the northern South China Sea (nSCS) is a leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of summertime tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the western North Pacific (WNP). This PS‐nSCS oscillation is characterized by a distinguished decadal variability in addition to an interannual variability. Meanwhile, the typical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related mode is found in the second EOFmode, which is predominantly interannual. With regard to the PS‐nSCS oscillation, its interannual component appears to be linked with the previous wintertime ENSO event, but the linkage is not so robust in the sense that about half of its significant events are classified as the ENSO‐related case, whereas its decadal component is coupled to a sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the central Pacific with its equatorial core near the Niño‐4 region, which is flanked by an opposite SSTA on both sides along the latitudinal belt. Interestingly, this SSTA pattern resembles that related to the ENSO Modoki, and equivalently, the transitional phase of ENSO. The ENSO Modoki is regionally manifested by the anomalous zonal SST gradient between the equatorial western and central Pacific; thus the decadal modulation of this anomalous zonal SST gradient can be regarded as an actual forcing that forms andmodulates the decadal PS‐nSCS oscillation. In addition, the decadal PS‐nSCS oscillation is compared with the decadal basin‐wide TC genesis variation in terms of the Pacific SSTA pattern and the associated anomalous large‐scale environments.
Mood Moderates the Effect of Self-Generation During Learning

Generating information, compared to reading, improves learning and enhances long-term retention of the learned content. This so-called generation effect has been demonstrated repeatedly for recall and recognition of single words. However, before adopting generating as a learning strategy in educational contexts, conditions moderating the effect need to be identified. This study investigated the impact of positive and negative mood states on the generation effect with short expository texts. According to the dual-force framework (Fiedler, Nickel, Asbeck, & Pagel, 2003), positive mood should facilitate generation by enhancing creative knowledge-based top-down processing (assimilation). Negative mood, however, should facilitate learning in the read-condition by enhancing critical stimulus-driven bottom-up processing (accommodation). In contrast to our expectations, we found no general generation effect but an overall learning advantage of read compared to generated texts. However, a significant interaction of learning condition and mood indicates that learners in a better mood recall generated texts better than learners in a more negative mood, whereas no mood effect was found when the texts were read. The results of the present study partially support the predictions of the dual-force framework and are discussed in the context of recent theoretical approaches to the generation effect.
Geological understanding of plate tectonics: Basic concepts, illustrations, examples and new perspectives

In this paper, I have reviewed some basic concepts of the plate tectonics theory in a plain geological language with the aim of encouraging geologists to correctly understand this theory in its applications to geological problems. I emphasized the decisive role of subduction as the ultimate (dominant) driving force of all the plate tectonics phenomena. Hence, my discussion has focused on major issues such as the origin of subduction zones, slab rollback, trench retreat, trench suction and driving mechanism of plate motion (both oceanic and continental) by means of illustration with hypothetical and real examples. As much of the discussion is heavily based on my personal (original) perspectives, some of the concepts, interpretations and hypotheses may not be familiar to many and may not be readily found in the existing literature. Mantle plume hypothesis is not the focus of this paper and is thus only mentioned in passing.
Trust and Leader—Member Exchange

Trust in work relationships is an intriguing topic in leader—member exchange (LMX) research, however, previous LMX studies examined trust as unidimensional. Research on LMX has yet to explore the multidimensional nature of trust and how different dimensions may affect LMX quality. This study with 228 full-time employees explores the effect of different trust dimensions on LMX relationships. It is interesting that LMX quality was positively related to identification-based trust as well as calculus-based trust, which involves calculative exchanges. Results found support for a nonlinear association between calculus-based trust and LMX. Thus, contrary to expectations, trust appears to be vulnerable even in high-quality LMX relations.
Molecular and morphological diversity in Rhizoctonia bataticola isolates causing dry root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in India

Dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler. [Pycnidial stage: Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid] is emerging as a serious biotic constraint for chickpea production. To find out the diversity in R. bataticola populations in India, a total of 94 isolates collected from R. bataticola infected chickpea plants from different agro climatic regions of India were analyzed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and different morphological properties. R. bataticola populations collected from different agro-ecological zones were very diverse in respect to their different cultural and morphological parameters like colony color, growth pattern, growth rate, mycelial characters, sclerotial initiation time, sclerotial intensity and morphology of the sclerotia. Five AFLP primer combinations provided a total 121 fragments. All fragments were found polymorphic with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.213. The dendrogram based on AFLP analysis showed that the maximum number of R. bataticola isolates were very diverse and did not depend on geographical origin. Both morphological and molecular data correlated each other and supported that the R. bataticola present in India were diverse and independent to their origin.
Acute and 48 h effect of kinesiotaping on the handgrip strength among university students

Merino-Marban R, Mayorga-Vega D, Fernandez-Rodriguez E. Acute and 48 h effect of kinesiotaping on the handgrip strength among university students. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 741-747, 2012. This study aimed to determine the acute and 48 h effect of kinesiotaping (KT) on the maximal grip strength of wrist flexor muscle, and the comfort level immediately and after 48 h with the KT applied on the forearm. A sample of 31 university students (eight females and 23 males) (mean age 23.71 ± 2.78 years; mean body mass 72.05 ± 13.54 kg; mean body height 173.81 ± 8.91 cm; mean body mass index 23.69 ± 3.24 kg/m2) participated in the present study. The left or right forearm of the participants was taped randomly. Only one of the forearms of each participant was taped (EH) while the other acted as a control (CH). Handgrip strength and the comfort of wearing the KT were tested: (1) without taping; (2) 15 min after taping; (3) 48 h after taping with the KT remaining in situ and (4) 15 min after removing the tape. The results of the ANOVA showed no interaction effects between the group variable (EH, CH) and time (1, 2, 3, 4) [F (3, 156) = 1.140; p= 0.332; η2p = 0.021; P = 0.282] in the handgrip strength. No changes were found in maximal grip strength immediately and 48 h after KT application. The level of comfort after 48 h wearing the KT on the
The Design of the RAND Health Insurance Experiment: A Retrospective

This article, prepared as part of a special issue on multiarmed experiments, describes the design of the RAND Health Insurance Experiment, paying particular attention to the choice of arms. It also describes how the results of the Experiment were used in a simulation model and, looking back, how the design might have differed, and how the results apply today, 4 decades after the Experiment was conducted.
Disassembling Actor-network Theory

One of the strikingly iconoclastic features of actor-network theory is its juxtaposition of the claim to be a realist perspective with denials that supposedly natural phenomena existed before scientists “made them up. ” This paper explains and criticizes such arguments in the work of Bruno Latour. By combining referent and reference in the concept of assemblages, Latour provides a superficially viable way to reconcile these apparently incompatible claims. This paper will argue, however, that this conflation of referent and reference leads Latour’s ontology into difficulties that can only be resolved by abandoning it in favor of a more conventional—critical—realism.
Congruences between systems of eigenvalues of modular forms

We modify and generalize proofs of Täte and Serre in order to show that there are only a finite number of systems of eigenvalues for the Hecke operators with respect to T0( N) mod /. We also summarize results for r,(/V). Using these results, we show that an arbitrary prime divides the discriminant of the classical Hecke ring to a power which grows linearly with k. In this way, we find a lower bound for the discriminant of the Hecke ring. After limiting ourselves to cusp forms, we also find an upper bound. Lastly we use the constructive nature of Täte and Serre's result to describe the structure and dimensions of the generalized eigenspaces for the Hecke operators mod /.
Natural variation of radionuclide 137Cs concentration in marine organisms with special reference to the effect of food habits and trophic level

Although a number of measurements have been made on radiocesium concentrations in aquatic organisms, no clear agreement has been reached on the factors affecting accumulation of these radionuclides. Natural variations in the concentration of the long-lived artificial radionuclide '37Cs in marine organisms and factors affecting variations in marine fishes were investigated through long-term and systematic measurements in coastal waters of Japan from 1984 to 1995. Concentrations of 13'Cs were measured in more than 30 species of crustaceans, cephalopods and teleosts considered representative of the marine biotic community. A clear positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between mean weight and concentration of 137Cs in 276 fish samples. However, different relationships between 137Cs concentration and weight of fish were observed in different species. Within 16 studied species I3'cs concentration increased with growth for 4 species, while no specific correlation was observed in the remaining species. These different patterns depended on a change of food habits with growth. Analysis of 6066 stomach contents of fish samples together with '37Cs concentrations in the stomach contents demonstrated that 137Cs concentration increased with rising trophic level and that the biomagnification factor (13'cs in p r e d a t ~ r / ' ~ ~ C s in prey) was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.2). From the yearly change of '37Cs in 24 marine fish species, a mean effectlve environmental half-life of I3'Cs of 13 * 3 yr (range 10 to 17 yr) was calculated.
An exploration of isotopic variability in feathers and claws of Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni chicks from southern Sicily

Stable isotopes are nowadays commonly used in the study of many key features of avian ecology. However, the adequate choice of what isotopic ratio to consider and what tissues to sample for assessing specific questions may be tricky. Here, we explored the variation in a suite of stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34 S, δ 2 H, δ 18 O) in the feathers and claws of chicks of Lesser Kestrels Falco nau- manni from south-eastern Sicily (Italy) sampled throughout colonies of the same population but surrounded by different habitats. Our aims are to provide an insight into the isotopic ecology of Lesser Kestrel and to provide methodological indications for future studies. Specifically, we tested whether stable isotope ratios (i) were consistent between feathers and claws; (ii) differed within and between colo- nies; (iii) reflected differences in surrounding habitats. We found that all isotope ratios significantly differed between claws and feathers. Hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a high consistency of stable isotope ratios for all the elements between siblings and nests within the same colony. Significant differences in stable isotope ratios emerged among colonies and were associated to differences in the surround- ing habitat. The isotope approach has great potential in the study of lesser kestrel ecology, and our results suggest which element should be selected to approach a set of different ecological questions.