Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Managers Time the Market? Evidence Using Repurchase Price Data

Little is known about the price firms pay for stock repurchases. Using a data set of all U.S. repurchases from 2004 to 2011, we compare the actual average price paid monthly in a repurchase with the average market price for the same stock over various horizons. We find that firms repurchase stock at a significantly lower price than the average market price in all sample years. Less frequent repurchasers, firms that repurchase when insiders buy on their own account, and firms that experience low stock returns prior to the repurchase obtain significantly lower prices. After controlling for risk factors, repurchasing firms earn positive returns. Infrequent repurchasers earn a significantly higher return up to three years following the actual repurchase.
The short-term impacts of Earned Income Tax Credit disbursement on health.

BACKGROUND There are conflicting findings regarding long- and short-term effects of income on health. Whereas higher average income is associated with better health, there is evidence that health behaviours worsen in the short-term following income receipt.Prior studies revealing such negative short-term effects of income receipt focus on specific subpopulations and examine a limited set of health outcomes. METHODS The United States Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is an income supplement tied to work, and is the largest poverty reduction programme in the USA. We utilize the fact that EITC recipients typically receive large cash transfers in the months of February,March and April, in order to examine associated changes in health outcomes that can fluctuate on a monthly basis. We examine associations with 30 outcomes in the categories of diet, food security, health behaviours, cardiovascular biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers and infection and immunity among 6925 individuals from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Survey. Our research design approximates a natural experiment,since whether individuals were sampled during treatment or non-treatment months is independent of social, demographic and health characteristics that do not vary with time. RESULTS There are both beneficial and detrimental short-term impacts of income receipt.Although there are detrimental impacts on metabolic factors among women, most other impacts are beneficial, including those for food security, smoking and trying to lose weight. CONCLUSIONS The short-term impacts of EITC income receipt are not universally health promoting, but on balance there are more health benefits than detriments.
Control of Catecholamine Release and Blood Pressure with Octreotide in a Patient with Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report with in vitro Studies

A 65-year-old male patient with pheochromocytoma, whose hypertensive episodes were uncontrolled using conventional therapy, was successfully treated with octreotide (SMS 201-995). The serum catecholamine level and the urinary excretion of catecholamines decreased after 300 μg/day of octreotide was administered. To clarify the mechanisms of octreotide that lower catecholamine released from a tumor, we studied the in vitro effects of octreotide on membrane potentials and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) current using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in single pheochromocytoma cells dispersed after tumor resection. The action potentials were reversibly inhibited with 10 μM octreotide. In addition, the VDCC current evoked by depolarized pulses from the holding potential of –60 mV was inhibited with 10 μM octreotide. Octreotide is useful for controlling blood pressure before surgery in some patients with uncontrolled hypertension caused by a pheochromocytoma.
Work load, psychophysiological strain and coping of innovation project management in industry.

Planning and implementing innovations are distinct processes which differ greatly from a regular industrial work regime. A project model is becoming more and more common for work in the industrial planning and implementation of innovations. This type of work abounds with competition and high economic interests. Novelty and lack of previous experience cause great demands on time management and competence. Project groups are usually formed of people who do not work together in their ordinary duties, and this lack of familiarity may create unexpected problems. Quantitative work demands are typically very high, and the responsibility and know-how are centralized. There is a risk that incentives and productivity pressures will lead to ignorance of the limitations of the resources of the employees. Occupational health problems related to this trend and means for intervention are poorly known.
THE IMPACT OF UNHYGIENIC PRACTICES ON SOCIAL BEHAVIOR : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN TEA GARDENS

This paper tried to explore the impact of unhygienic practices on social behavior of the tea garden workers by considering 5 point Likert scale with factor analysis. We collected crosssectional data and information randomly from 355 tea garden workers by following a systematic set of semi-structured interviews questionnaire. Finding reveals that female’s perception level was likely higher than male’s perception level about unhygienic practices and social behavior as well as unhygienic practices could not only impact negatively on individual social behavior but also on individual health. Workers of the tea gardens are generally suffered by different kinds of diseases attributable to poor sanitation conditions and unhygienic practices. They have neither good educational attainment nor have opportunities to lead hygienic life but fully unhygienic and miserable.
Recent advances in choledochal cysts

Choledochal cysts are a congenital anomaly, and they show dilatation of the intra- or extrahepatic biliary tree. These cysts are uncommon in Western countries, but are not rare in Asian countries. Choledochal cysts are classified into five groups based on location or shape of the cysts. Types I and IV-A cysts are the most common types, which are associated with anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ), but other cysts are not associated with APBJ. Types I and IV-A cysts appear to belong to a different category from other cysts embryologically. Type I and IV-A cysts accompany anomalies of the pancreas. Type I and IV-A cysts might occur when left ventral anlage persists, and with disturbed recanalization of the common bile duct. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the gold standard for detecting APBJ, but it is an invasive procedure. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a non-invasive imaging tool for detecting pancreatic and biliary trees. MRCP is the first-choice modality for diagnosing choledochal cysts and APBJ in pediatric patients. Cystoenterostomy is been performed because of high complication and mortality rates. Complete excision of the cysts with Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy is a standard procedure for choledochal cysts to prevent postoperative complications, including development of cancer. In this study, we review classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of types I and IV-A choledochal cysts.
Efficacy of placement of neuropsychiatric patients in family care.

Extramural care of mental patients has found a steadily growing acceptance in the United States. Major discussions of the technique have been offered by Crutcher 1 and by Pollock. 5,6 Favorable mention of family care has been made by Maletz 2 and Muncie, 4 and perhaps its strongest endorsement has come from Rosanoff, 7 who wrote: “There is no doubt that at least 25 per cent of the population of the average mental hospital can be maintained in extramural care with great advantage to all concerned. ” In view of these positive statements, there is, as Stycos 9 has noted, surprisingly little systematic knowledge about the processes involved in home care. A study by Molholm and Barton, 3 which will be referred to, is a major exception. The present report has as its purpose the evaluation of the efficacy of family care. Such efficacy has previously been demonstrated
Density Duration Amplitude Myelination of neurons Synapse elimination Synaptogenesis Regressive elimination of synapses Maturation of cortical inhibition neurons in the brain

Since the advent of EEG recordings, sleep spindles have been identified as hallmarks of non-REM sleep. Despite a broad general understanding of mechanisms of spindle generation gleaned from animal studies, the mechanisms underlying certain features of spindles in the human brain, such as “global” versus “local” spindles, are largely unknown. Neither the topography nor the morphology of sleep spindles remains constant throughout the lifespan. It is likely that changes in spindle phenomenology during development and aging are the result of dramatic changes in brain structure and function. Across various developmental windows, spindle activity is correlated with general cognitive aptitude, learning, and memory; however, these correlations vary in strength, and even direction, depending on age and metrics used. Understanding these differences across the lifespan should further clarify how these oscillations are generated and their function under a variety of circumstances. We discuss these issues, and their translational implications for human cognitive function. Because sleep spindles are similarly affected in disorders of neurodevelopment (such as schizophrenia) and during aging (such as neurodegenerative conditions), both types of disorders may benefit from therapies based on a better understanding of spindle function.
A Multi‐Level Model for Organizational Ambidexterity in the Search Phase of the Innovation Process

Innovation is one of the most critical means in supporting and improving the competitive position of the firm, in particular, and a firm's survival and growth depend greatly on its ability to balance the exploitation of existing knowledge with the exploration of new possibilities, by building ambidexterity capability. While different alternatives to realize the simultaneous reconciliation of exploration and exploitation at an operational level have been proposed, how organizations build ambidexterity capability is not fully understood. The aim of this paper is thus to explore how exploration and exploitation balancing can be achieved in practice. We decided to focus on the early phase of the process where firms search for new ideas with which to renew themselves. To this end, we analysed the search phase of a highly innovative technology‐based company by investigating structural design choices combined with the presence of specific roles and searching practices. The results show how the exploration and exploitation balancing act can actually be achieved and maintained through a multi‐level approach that integrates both the operational and the strategic levels. Our findings thus contribute to the organizational ambidexterity literature, by proposing a first interpretative model for dealing with ambidexterity in the search phase of the innovation process.
The cold pressor test: effects on sympathetic nerve activity in human muscle and skin nerve fascicles.

Micro-electrode multi-unit recordings of muscle nerve sympathetic activity (MSA) involved in cardiovascular homeostasis or skin nerve sympathetic activity (SSA) involved in thermoregulation were made in the right peroneal nerve of 48 healthy volunteers during performance of the cold pressor test, i.e. immersion of one hand in ice water (2 +/- 0.5 degrees C) for 1 min. Eleven subjects underwent the same procedure on a second MSA recording occasion. As a rule, immersion evoked an increase in MSA, with a gradual decrease on emersion. The response showed a wide range of variation between and within subjects; the intra-individual difference between first and second immersion on the same recording occasion was up to sevenfold, and from first to second recording up to fivefold. The increase in MSA correlated with the degree of discomfort from the ice water. In nine subjects with a large increase in MSA on ice water immersion, intracutaneous painful electrical stimulation to a level equalling the discomfort from the ice water was added, but it was not accompanied by any change in MSA. The increase in MSA was accompanied by and correlated quite well with an increase in blood pressure. Intra-arterial blood pressure recordings showed that MSA occurred at pressure levels normally associated with total inhibition of MSA, and that an inverse linear relationship between diastolic blood pressure and MSA at rest was abolished during the ice water immersion. SSA showed no consistent change with ice water immersion. It is concluded that the cold pressor test is a powerful activator of MSA, i.e. baroreceptor-governed vasoconstrictor outflow; that MSA contributes to the blood pressure elevation with this manoeuvre; that MSA operates at another blood pressure level during the manoeuvre and that the baroreflex inhibitory level consequently is changed; and that the response is not a reaction to pain only.
Influenza A Virus Acquires Enhanced Pathogenicity and Transmissibility after Serial Passages in Swine

ABSTRACT Genetic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus was derived from well-established swine influenza lineages; however, there is no convincing evidence that the pandemic virus was generated from a direct precursor in pigs. Furthermore, the evolutionary dynamics of influenza virus in pigs have not been well documented. Here, we subjected a recombinant virus (rH1N1) with the same constellation makeup as the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus to nine serial passages in pigs. The severity of infection sequentially increased with each passage. Deep sequencing of viral quasispecies from the ninth passage found five consensus amino acid mutations: PB1 A469T, PA 1129T, NA N329D, NS1 N205K, and NEP T48N. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, however, differed greatly between the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Three representative viral clones with the five consensus mutations were selected for functional evaluation. Relative to the parental virus, the three viral clones showed enhanced replication and polymerase activity in vitro and enhanced replication, pathogenicity, and transmissibility in pigs, guinea pigs, and ferrets in vivo. Specifically, two mutants of rH1N1 (PB1 A469T and a combination of NS1 N205K and NEP T48N) were identified as determinants of transmissibility in guinea pigs. Crucially, one mutant viral clone with the five consensus mutations, which also carried D187E, K211E, and S289N mutations in its HA, additionally was able to infect ferrets by airborne transmission as effectively as the pandemic virus. Our findings demonstrate that influenza virus can acquire viral characteristics that are similar to those of the pandemic virus after limited serial passages in pigs. IMPORTANCE We demonstrate here that an engineered reassortant swine influenza virus, with the same gene constellation pattern as the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus and subjected to only nine serial passages in pigs, acquired greatly enhanced virulence and transmissibility. In particular, one representative pathogenic passaged virus clone, which carried three mutations in the HA gene and five consensus mutations in PB1, PA, NA, NS1, and NEP genes, additionally was able to confer respiratory droplet transmission as effectively as the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus. Our findings suggest that pigs can readily induce adaptive mutational changes to a precursor pandemic-like virus to transform it into a highly virulent and infectious form akin to that of the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus, which underlines the potential direct role of pigs in promoting influenza A virus pathogenicity and transmissibility.
Depressed and nondepressed content self-reference in mild depressives.

The present research investigated the extent to which mild depressives and normals differed in their self-referent processing of personal information. In Experiment 1, these subjects made two types of ratings on depressed (e.g., bleak, dismal) and nondepressed (e.g., loyal, organized) content personal adjectives. Half of the adjectives in each content category were rated for a semantic attribute (Does this word have a specific meaning or relate to a specific situation? ), whereas half were rated for degree of self-reference (Does this word describe you? ). These ratings were followed immediately by an incidental recall task, in which subjects recalled as many of the adjectives as possible. Consistent with predictions generated from a content-specific self-schema model, normals displayed superior recall for self-referenced nondepressed content adjectives, when compared to recall for self-referenced depressed content adjectives and recall for semantic ratings (both depressed and nondepressed content). In contrast, mild depressives exhibited enhanced self-referent recall for both types of content, when compared to their recall for semantic adjectives. This finding suggested that mild depressives utilize a self-schema which incorporates both depressed and nondepressed content. Experiment 2 explored this suggestion further by substituting an other-referent rating task (Does this word describe Pierre Trudeau? ) for the semantic judgment used in Experiment 1. Again, consistent with a content-specific self-schema model, normals displayed superior recall only for self-referenced nondepressed adjectives. Mild depressives, however, showed enhanced self-referent recall, relative to other-referent recall, only for depressed content adjectives. For nondepressed content, mild depressives did not distinguish between the self- and other-referent conditions. This finding hinted that the nondepressed component of the mild depressive's self-schema may operate at a somewhat reduced effectiveness, but only when required to differentiate between self and others.
In vitro activity of HR 810, a new cephalosporin

The in vitro susceptibility of 409 clinical isolates to HR 810, a new cephalosporin, was evaluated and compared with their susceptibility to aztreonam, cefazolin, ceftazidime, imipenem, moxalactam, piperacillin, and gentamicin. On a weight basis, the activity of HR 810 against gram-negative bacilli was equivalent or superior to that of the other beta-lactam agents except imipenem.
Statistical outcome of random versus selected withdrawal of dental implants.

PURPOSE When performing clinical trials, missing data from withdrawn patients should be evaluated differently, depending on the reason for the withdrawal of the patients. The question is, if a certain type of patient drops out, will that affect the result? Could a randomly selected sample of a study population be used for analyses instead of evaluating each and every patient? The purpose of this study was to answer these questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detailed information on 1,738 implants in 487 patients was pooled together in a new database and used for statistical evaluations. Random or selected withdrawals were pulled from the database. Chi-squared tests were used for significance tests, and lifetables were used for survival analysis. RESULTS There was a difference in the outcome depending on whether the withdrawals were randomly chosen or selected. Random withdrawals could represent, in this study, as much as 50% of the included patients without changing the statistical results. If selected withdrawals were based on which jaw was treated, the statistical outcome did change, but it did not change if withdrawals were based on gender or age. CONCLUSION Evaluation of reasons for withdrawals and withdrawn patient characteristics are of utmost importance when evaluating clinical trials. A randomly selected sample of the entire population could, however, be expected to give the same statistical value as the entire group, if the original material were large enough. Therefore, the use of study samples may more easily enable clinicians to do follow-up investigations.
Important differentiation of factors that predict outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients with different degrees of residual renal function.

BACKGROUND Residual renal function (RRF) is an important predictor of outcome in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Whether results from survival studies in dialysis patients with RRF can also be extrapolated to anuric patients remains uncertain. In this observational study, we examined the characteristics of PD patients with a residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > or =1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 vs those with complete anuria and differentiated factors that predict outcome in the two groups of patients. METHODS Two hundred and forty-six continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (39% being completely anuric) were recruited from a single regional dialysis centre. Assessments of haemodynamic, echocardiographic, nutritional and biochemical parameters and indices of dialysis adequacy were done at study baseline and were related to outcomes. RESULTS During the prospective follow-up of 30.8+/-13.8 (mean+/-SD) months, 28.0% of patients with residual GFR > or =1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 vs 50.5% of anuric patients had died (P = 0.005). The overall 2 year patient survival was 89.7 and 65.0% for patients with GFR > or =1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and anuric patients, respectively (P = 0.0012). Compared with patients with GFR > or =1 ml/min per 1.73 m2, anuric patients were dialysed for longer (P<0.001), were more anaemic (P<0.005), and had higher calcium-phosphorus product (P<0.01), higher C-reactive protein (P<0.001), lower serum albumin (P<0.05), greater prevalence of malnutrition according to subjective global assessment (P<0.05) and more severe cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.001) at baseline. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, serum albumin, left ventricular mass index and residual GFR were significant factors associated with mortality in patients with GFR > or =1 ml/min per 1.73 m2, while increasing age, atherosclerotic vascular disease and higher C-reactive protein were associated with greater mortality in anuric PD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates more adverse cardiovascular, inflammatory, nutritional and metabolic profiles as well as higher mortality in anuric PD patients. Furthermore, factors associated with mortality are also not equivalent for PD patients with and without RRF, suggesting that patients with and without RRF are qualitatively different.
ECG signal features extraction

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is used to assess electrical abnormalities and provides vital information about of heart health. One problem in ECG analysis is the feature extraction due to the intrinsic noise. This paper presents a ECG feature extraction method that consists of the morphology analysis, the fiducial point localization, and time intervals measurements by using both continuous and discrete wavelets transform (CWT and DWT, respectively). From ECG signals obtained from CardioExpress SL3 medical device, we obtained the principal features by using the Wavelet theory. The results were validated and compared with the established values by the International Committees, the Common Standards for quantitative Electrocardiography (CSE), with a Sensitivity (Se) of 96% and with a standard deviation (std) less than 8%.
Impact of extension and source/drain resistance on FinFET performance

The parasitic resistance of the FinFET is investigated by the measurement based analysis. The R<sub>S/D</sub> model suggests that careful optimization as to the NiSi incorporation is necessary for the effective R<sub>p</sub> reduction. The R<sub>ext</sub> seriously increases the R<sub>p</sub> for T<sub>fin</sub>Lt25 nm and also causes the R<sub>p</sub> variability due to the T<sub>fin</sub> variation.