Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rydberg-blockade effects in Autler-Townes spectra of ultracold strontium

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the effects of Rydberg interactions on Autler-Townes spectra of ultracold gases of atomic strontium. Realizing two-photon Rydberg excitation via a long-lived triplet state allows us to probe the regime where Rydberg state decay presents the dominant decoherence mechanism. The effects of Rydberg interactions are observed in shifts, asymmetries, and broadening of the measured atom-loss spectra. The experiment is analyzed within a one-body density-matrix approach, accounting for interaction-induced level shifts and dephasing through nonlinear terms that approximately incorporate correlations due to the Rydberg blockade. This description yields good agreement with our experimental observations for short excitation times. For longer excitation times, the loss spectrum is altered qualitatively, suggesting additional dephasing mechanisms beyond the standard blockade mechanism based on pure van der Waals interactions.
EFFECT OF BUTTER AND SESAME OILS ON AVOIDANCE MEMORY OF DIABETIC RATS

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which impairs carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is accompanied by cognition impairment in diabetic patients and animal models. Lipids play an important role in nerve membrane composition, structure and function. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary butter and sesame oils on passive avoidance memory of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty six adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups: normal control (NC) and diabetic control (DC) with free access to regular rat diet; and diabetic sesame oil (DS) and diabetic butter oil (DB) groups with diet supplemented by 10% butter oil and 10% sesame oil, respectively. Diabetes in DC, DS and DB rats was induced by IV injection of 50 mg/kg (body weight) STZ. Passive avoidance memory was tested six weeks after confirmation of diabetes, and cholesterol and phospholipids were measured in hippocampal tissue. RESULTS: Diabetes, especially in diabetic butter oil group decreased learning and memory. The levels of cholesterol and phospholipids in hippocampus were higher in diabetic control and diabetic butter oil (P<0.05) groups in comparison with normal control. CONCLUSION: Consumption of butter may worsen diabetic cognition impairment and the elevation of cholesterol may be a reason for diabetic cognition impairment.
Innite -calculus and non-sensible models

We dene a model of -calculus which is similar to the model of Bohm trees, but it does not identify all the unsolvable lambda-terms. The role of the unsolvable terms is taken by a much smaller class of terms which we call mute. Mute terms are those zero terms which are not -convertible to a zero term applied to something else. We prove that it is consistent with the -calculus to simultaneously equate all the mute terms to a xed arbitrary closed term. This allows us to strengthen some results of Jacopini and Venturini Zilli concerning easy -terms. Our results depend on an innitary version of -calculus. We set the foundations for such a calculus, which might turn out to be a useful tool for the study of non-sensible models of -calculus. Dedicated to the memory of Roberto Magari
Capillary entry pressure and the leakage of gravity currents through a sloping layered permeable rock

We examine the motion of a buoyant fluid injected into a water-saturated porous rock as it spreads along a thin inclined low-permeability barrier. We account for leakage of the fluid across the barrier once the current is sufficiently deep so that the pressure exceeds the capillary threshold. We show that at some distance from the source, the pressure decreases below this threshold, and all the remaining flux spreads laterally along the barrier. We examine the controls on the partitioning of the flow between the draining flux and the laterally spreading flux and also the controls on the lateral extent of the draining region for the case of an instantaneous release and a maintained release of fluid. We consider the implications of our work for the dispersal of CO2 plumes which may be sequestered in deep saline aquifers.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Calendar Anomalies: Revisited

Initial research on calendar anomalies has shown their existence for real estate investment trusts (REITs) and for the general stock market. Recent studies of the general stock market, however, have shown that these anomalies have disappeared or been reversed over time. The present research updates existing REIT calendar anomaly research through the use of value-weighted and equal-weighted REIT indices and the decomposition of income and capital returns. From 1994 to 2002, the presence of calendar anomalies is sensitive to the use of REIT index type as well as the dividend yield and capital yield components. The use of the value-weighted index eliminates the appearance of calendar anomalies in REITs.
Tensile and Impact Properties of Steam-Exploded Wood-Polypropylene Composites

Wood-plastic composites were made from polypropylene and steam-exploded (SE) flour from small-diameter loblolly pine. SE wood content, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) content, and extruder screw speed were investigated using an orthogonal test design to examine their effects on tensile and impact properties of the composites. The results showed that as SE wood-flour content was increased, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the composites also increased, whereas the tensile strength decreased. The MAPP content had a distinct effect on the tensile strength and no such effect on MOE; however, it had no clear trend for the impact properties of the composites. The wood content had distinct effects on both the tensile and impact properties of the composites. The screw speed also affected the tensile and impact properties of the composites.
Carry Trades and Global FX Volatility

We investigate the relation between global FX volatility and the excess returns to carry trade portfolios. We find a significantly negative return co-movement of high interest rate currencies with global volatility, whereas low interest rate currencies provide a hedge against volatility shocks. Our main global FX volatility proxy accounts for more than 90% of the return spread in five carry trade portfolios. Further analyses show that: (i) liquidity risk also matters for excess returns, but to a lesser degree; and that (ii) excess returns are more strongly related to unexpected components of volatility than to expected components. Our results are robust to different proxies for volatility risk, and extend to other cross-sections such as individual currency returns and (some) momentum portfolios.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity among the Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Forty one wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) genotypes were studied for days to booting, days to heading, plant height at vegetative, plant height at maturity, days to 50% anthesis, days to 100% anthesis, flag leaf senescence, days to physiological maturity, peduncle length, effective tillers, spikelet’s length, grain per spike, biomass ,harvest index, sterility percentage, thousand grain weight and grain yield in random complete block design at terai, Nepal with the objective to identify superior genotypes after clustering them based on their genetic diversity in performance. Result of multivariable analysis revealed that 41 wheat genotypes formed four clusters. Cluster 4 and 2 had highest value of effective tiller, spike length, grain per spike, thousand grain weight, biomass, harvest index ,grain yield and lowest value days to heading, days to booting ,days to anthesis and sterility percentage. Cluster 3 had high days to booting, days to heading, days to 50% and 100% anthesis, days to flag leaf senescence and low in plant height at maturity, thousand grain weight ,harvest index and grain yield. Considering of multivariable analysis and other agronomic performance wheat genotypes HD 1982 and Pitic 62 may be utilized as high yielding genotypes in Terai condition of Nepal.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TAXATION; TAXPAYERS AND THE SELF EMPLOYED IN NIGERIA

Why people pay taxes as required by the law instead of evading tax has been an important questions by tax administrators around the globe. This is because deterrence measures put in place by government have failed to completely tackle noncompliance. Hence, this study investigates the influence of social-psychological factors on tax morale of self employed taxpayers in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, a survey method was used to collect data by administering 367 questionnaires to self-employed taxpayers. The results of regression analysis indicated that religiosity and peer influence have a significant positive relationship with tax morale while moral reasoning and perception of government does not influence tax morale. Therefore, this study recommends that government should also engage in massive campaigns that will highlight the importance of paying taxes to individuals and also emphasises the religious injunctions on tax evasion since level of religiosity was found to have an influence on tax morale.
Estimation the recreational value of Najvan park of Isfahan using a contingent valuation method

Determining the real value of natural ecosystems, due to their significant function and ecosystem services and necessity of the best management for make use of them, has a great importance. Recently, natural resource economists have studied ecosystem value of natural resources and its role in human welfare. These studies have made a considerable progress in valuation of environmental as well as ecological services that an ecosystem can offer. Therefore this study tries to determine recreational value of Najvan Park and measure of individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) based on contingent valuation method (CVM) and dichotomous choices (DC). Logit model was used for measuring of individual WTP. The model parameters were estimated based on the maximum likelihood (ML) method. Moreover, the marginal effects of the changes in involved variables in considered model were determined using by factor for calculating of marginal effects. The results showed that individual preservation WTP in Najvan Park is directly related to income and education while it is negatively related tobid, age and the number of family member. The calculation of the expectancy of WTP using logit model led to 8,983 Rials monthly WTP per person.
The IPO Spread and Conflicts of Interests

The level of the IPO spread taken by the underwriter is a controversial issue.Some claim that the level is too high and attributes it to collusion between investment banks while others contend to the contrary. The paper examines the spread in the framework of conflicts of interests between the issuer, the underwriter and the informed investor. The argument is developed, based upon incentives for the underwriter. It is shown that the issuer should have the spread large enough for the underwriter to stay faithful to the issuer.
Physical infrastructure and economic development in Pakistan

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between physical infrastructure and economic development of Pakistan. A composite index of physical infrastructure has been constructed through Principal Component Analysis. This has been done by taking into account three different dimensions of infrastructure i.e. transportation infrastructure, energy infrastructure, and telecommunication infrastructure. Johansen Co-integration Technique has been applied to confirm the existence of co-integration among the variables of our interest. The empirical analysis shows that co-integration exists among the variables of economic development, employed labour force, gross private fixed capital formation and physical infrastructure. The variables of employed labour force, gross private fixed capital formation and physical infrastructure have statistically significant and positive effect on economic development of Pakistan.
Verification of Fully Developed Flow Entering Diffuser and Particle Image Velocimetry Procedures

3-Dstereoscopic PIV is capable of measuring 3-dimensional velocity components. Itinvolves a very sophisticated routine during setup, calibration, measurementand data processing phases. This paper aims to verify the 3-D stereoscopic PIVmeasurement procedures and to prove that the flow entering thediffuser is a fully developed flow. A diffuser inlet of rectangularcross-section, 130 mm x 50 mm is presently considered. For verification, thevelocities from PIV are compared with the velocities from pitot static probeand theory. The mean velocity obtained using pitot static probe is 2.44 m/s,whereas using PIV is 2.46 m/s. It thus gives the discrepancy of 0.8%. There isalso a good agreement between the mean velocity measured by PIV and theoreticalvalue with the discrepancy of 1.2%. This minor discrepancy is mainly due touncertainties in the experiments such as imperfect matching of coordinatesbetween the probe and laser sheet, unsteadiness of flow, variation in density andless precision in calibration. Basically, the operating procedures of 3-Dstereoscopic PIV have successfully been verified. Nevertheless, the flowentering diffuser is not perfectly developed due to the imperfect joining ductand the abrupt change of inlet cross-section introduced. Therefore, improvementto the existing rig is proposed by means of installing settling chamber withmultiple screens arrangement and contraction cone.
Effect of Population Density on the Performance of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa) in a Forest-Savanna Transition Zone

A study to evaluate the appropriate spacing (population density) for upland rice in th e forest/Savanna transition zone was carried out during the 2003 cropping season at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Three spacing (40x x30cm; 30cm x 30cm and 20cm x 30cm) equivalent to three population densities (83, 333, 111, 111 and 166, 666 plants ha ) and three varaities of upland rice 1 (ITA 315; ITA 323 and a local variety) were used. The experimental design was a 3x3 factorial scheme replicated four times. Variety and spacing had significant effects on plant height, tiller numbers, leaves numbers and leaf length. There was no significant interaction between spacing and variety for these traits, except for tiller numbers. Spacing and variety also significantly affected panicle length. Plant population density of 111, 111, plants ha and ITA 315 produced the highest yield; 1
SOCIAL NETWORK SIZE, PERSONALITY AND WELL-BEING IN PRERETIREMENT AND RETIREMENT

Focus on the well-being of retired adults, as well as people approaching retirement, has been growing in the psychological domain. Although well-being is an import aspect of life in any age, adults in preretirement and retirement face unique challenges. The impact of retirement on a person’s well-being may vary depending on many factors. The general aim of this study was to investigate the links that well-being has with social network size and personality in preretirement and retirement. Overall, 788 adults participated in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: younger than statutory retirement age (N = 368, M age = 55.56, SD = 3.68) and older than statutory retirement age (N = 420, M age = 72.25, SD = 7.42) individuals. The sample represents the composition of Lithuanian population over 50 years old. Participants completed a questionnaire including questions about their gender, age, education, retirement, social network size (Social network size questionnaire), personality (NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI)) and well-being (The Lithuanian Well-Being Scale for adults (LPGS-S)). Results show that being fully retired and with neuroticism negatively relates to well-being. On the other hand, higher level of education, not being fully retired from work, extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness and social network size positively relates to well-being. Personality traits that were most predictive of well-being were those that compared to demographic factors and social network size. Furthermore, for preretired individuals, the relationship between social network size and well-being was nonsignificant. In contrast, although small but significant differences were observed in the fully-retired, older adults group. Overall, the findings of this study show the importance of personality traits, social network size and retirement from work in older age.
Examining the Pattern of Middle Grade Mathematics Teachers’ Performance: A Concurrent Embedded Mixed Methods Study

Background:The purpose of this study was to reveal the pattern in a structure of teachers’ instructional performance. Specifically, seven teachers’ performances (Standards and Objectives, Presenting Instructional Content, Lesson Structure and Pacing, Activities and Materials, Academic Feedback, Grouping Students, and Teacher Content Knowledge) were investigated.Materials and methods:An embedded mixed methods approach analyzed 426 reports concerning 175 classroom-capturing videos.Results:The findings showed a structured pattern and the relationships among the teachers’ performances. Also, multiple group analysis was employed to examine the differences between beginning and experienced teachers’ performance patterns. The beginning and experienced teachers presented different paths regarding the four performances: Activities and Materials, Grouping Students, Standards and Objectives, and Lesson Structure and Pacing.Conclusions:The findings of the current study have implications for teacher professional development.
The ALHAMBRA survey: reliable morphological catalogue of 22 051 early- and late-type galaxies

This research was supported by the Junta de Andalucia through projects PO8-TIC-03531 and TIC114, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through projects AYA2006-14046, AYA2010-15169, AYA2010-22111-C03-02, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, and the Generalitat Valenciana through project GV/Prometeo 2009/064. MP acknowledges financial support from JAE-Doc program of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), co-funded by the European Social Fund.
Spray drying of dairy products: state of the art

Milk is extremely perishable, and yet, for a number of reasons, it has to be preserved for later consumption. The removal of water prevents the growth of micro-organisms and facilitates pres- ervation and storage of milk constituents. Spray drying is one of the most convenient techniques for producing milk powders and for stabilizing milk constituents. Before spray drying, the milk under- goes several processes (such as heat treatment, cream separation, membrane processes, vacuum evap- oration and homogenization). The chemical, physical, technological, nutritional, functional and microbiological properties of final products are influenced by a number of factors such as operating conditions, properties of the dairy products and storage conditions. The aim of this review is to de- scribe the process of spray drying of dairy products and to review the present and recent advance- ments of knowledge on the properties of spray-dried milk products, on modelling and water transfer simulation (drying and rehydration), dairy powders and the spray drying equipment and energy con- sumption.
Income Poverty and Well-Being among Vulnerable Households: A Study in Malaysia

The paper aims to examine the income poverty status and compare it with the well-being level between different groups among vulnerable households. Vulnerable households for this study were households that consists at least one of the following criteria: income poor, elderly person, single mothers and/or disabled person. Data was taken from the Official Poverty Line Survey conducted in four Malaysian cities representing each region in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 286 households were conveniently selected. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, correlation tests were applied in data analysis. Findings indicated significant differences in household percapita income (HHPCI) among income poverty status groups and significant differences in well-being among different status of income poverty, whereby the non-poor had the highest mean in both (HHPCI & well-being). Also the mean well-being for poor and potential poor groups were much lower than the hardcore poor group. Further results revealed a positive but small relationship between household percapita income and well-being among vulnerable households. Finally, the findings indicated significant differences between income poor status groups and different level in well-being poor groups. It was possible for people to get out of income poverty while remaining in well-being deprivation (ill-being). Findings from this study provide evidences and enhance understanding in income poverty, well-being and correlates of both especially among vulnerable households.
Associated factors with Puerperal Sepsis among Reproductive Age Women in Nandi County, Kenya

Background & aim: Studies have shown that puerperal sepsis is a major cause of maternal morbidity and the second cause of maternal mortality in the developing world. This study aimed to determine the incidence and management of puerperal sepsis among the women of reproductive age (i.e., 15-49 years) attending to two hospitals in Nandi County, Kenya. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 women who were diagnosed with puerperal sepsis and referred to two hospitals in Nandi County. Four health care providers in charge of these patients were also included in the study. The sampling was performed using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured interview administered by the researcher. Data analysis was performed through SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: According to the results of the study, there was a statistically significant relationship between antenatal care attendance and labor duration (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.80). The mothers who had a short labor were 0.35 times more likely to have attended health care facilities to receive antenatal care as compared to those with a long labor. In addition, the food availability showed a significant relationship with duration of labor (OR=5, 95% CI: 1.8-14.28). The mothers with adequate food were five times more likely to experience a short labor compared to those with food shortage. The results also revealed that there was a lack of knowledge on the etiology of infection in the area under investigation. Moreover, the health care facilities were short of the adequate prerequisites to perform puerperal sepsis awareness both in the clinics and community. Conclusion: The findings of the present study underscored the necessity of supplying funds by the Ministry of Health to raise the individuals’ awareness on puerperal sepsis and provide them with hygiene education in the investigated area. The integration of hygiene education and puerperal sepsis awareness into antenatal care services should be performed as a strategy to prevent and control the infection.