Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Identification of XOR Gates in AIGs

Logic synthesis and optimization had become a well-established and matured process in late 1980’s. Since that time, different decomposition and optimization algorithms have been proposed [1], [2] and academic tools implementing these algorithms were released [3], [4]. Here, the internal representation of a processed circuit is typically a Boolean network, admitting arbitrary node functions. Technology library gates appear later, in the technology mapping phase [1], [2]. As a successor, algorithms based on And-InverterGraphs (AIGs) appeared [5], [6] and were implemented in the present academic state-of-the-art logic synthesis tool ABC [7]. The internal representation is a directed acyclic graph with nodes representing 2-input AND operators, while the edges may be negated. Such a representation is simple and scalable, and leads to simple algorithms. Despite of unquestionable advantages of AIG-based algorithms, there appeared hints recently, that contemporary logic synthesis does not perform well in some cases [8], [9]; results orders of magnitude bigger than expected were produced. One of the identified reasons of the failures is the inability of the algorithms to produce results of any structure, particularly, XOR-intensive structure [10], [11]. Essentially, employing a new type of decomposition in a standard synthesis flow cannot ultimately solve the problem; the synthesis must be adapted to be able to perform more complex operations and natively support more complex transformations [11]. Even the most recent research in logic synthesis turns back from simple representations to more complex ones [12], [13]. The aim of this work is to extend the concept of AIGs to natively support XOR gates, i.e., to introduce a novel internal representation, Xor-And-Inverter-Graphs (XAIGs), and devise algorithms working upon it. XAIGs represent an orthogonal approach to Majority-Inverter-Graphs (MIGs), where the ANDs in AIG are substituted by majority-of-three functions [13]. In contrast, XOR is not monotonic, and XAIGs cover all relevant classes of NPN equivalence, which may lead to different areas of efficient application. In this paper we present a preliminary work, where XOR structures are identified in an AIG. We study how structural hashing [6] in ABC [7] handles XOR gates coming from an already mapped netlist, whether they are structurally retained and whether new XOR structures can be identified in the AIG.
Impact of Therapists ’ Skill on Effectiveness of Parenting Groups for Child Antisocial Behavior January 15 2008

This study investigated the influence of therapist skill on the effectiveness of a manualized parenting program for child antisocial behavior. A reliable instrument with 10 scales was developed to measure skill. 15 parenting groups were observed, from a controlled trial involving 90 clinically referred, disadvantaged children aged 3-8 with severe antisocial behavior. Child outcome was assessed by interview. The skill level of therapists running the groups was found to be a significant predictor of effectiveness (p<0.05); each increase in skill of one point on a five point scale led to an improvement of 0.58 sd in child outcome. The impact was not reduced after controlling for severity of child problems, therapists’ degree of organization, quality of alliance with parents, or number of sessions attended. In subsidiary analyses, nurses and therapists with mental health training showed more skill; therapist gender and age had no effect. In conclusion, therapist skill appears to have a major influence on outcomes. Clinicians and service managers need to ensure that training and supervision procedures fully develop staff skill.
SAR Imaging of Moving Targets using Polynomial FT

The polynomial Fourier transform is employed as a tool for the SAR imaging of moving targets. An efficient algorithm is proposed that can be used for radar images containing both moving and stationary targets. The proposed algorithm can be used in a form of the second order polynomial FT, but it can also be extended to higher order and order adaptive polynomial FT forms.
The Barriers of E-Government Success: An Empirical Study from Jordan

This paper discussed the E-governmentsuccess barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure ofE-governmentsuccess. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-governmentquality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLSstructural equation modeling (SEM)has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisionede-services are less than expectationsof stakeholders.We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-governmentperformance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’<br>dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction.The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found thatlow system quality led to low service quality directly. <br>
Preventing Student Disengagement and Keeping Students on the Graduation Path in Urban Middle-Grades Schools: Early Identification and Effective Interventions

This article considers the practical, conceptual, and empirical foundations of an early identification and intervention system for middle-grades schools to combat student disengagement and increase graduation rates in our nation's cities. Many students in urban schools become disengaged at the start of the middle grades, which greatly reduces the odds that they will eventually graduate. We use longitudinal analyses—following almost 13,000 students from 1996 until 2004—to demonstrate how four predictive indicators reflecting poor attendance, misbehavior, and course failures in sixth grade can be used to identify 60% of the students who will not graduate from high school. Fortunately, by combining effective whole-school reforms with attendance, behavioral, and extra-help interventions, graduation rates can be substantially increased.
Implementing Restaurant Revenue Management

Revenue management (or yield management) rests on a measure of the time involved in the guest-service cycle. Such a time-related measure raises complications for restaurants, because they explicitly sell meals, rather than a period of time at the table. Existing measures of restaurant success do not give restaurant managers an effective gauge for revenue management because they do not capture the time element. Instead, would-be restaurant revenue managers must gain control of the timing and duration of restaurants' meals. The timing depends mostly on guest arrival, which can sometimes by altered with price and menu promotions. Managing duration is complex and relies on control of food production and the service cycle. A time-based measure of restaurant operation is revenue per available seat-hour (RevPASH). That calculation is total revenue for a given period (e.g., meal period, day part, or day) divided by the product of the number of available seats and the length of the period in question. Managers must understand their operation's RevPASH patterns to develop strategies for augmenting revenue, whether those strategies involve shifting customer demand to shoulder periods or tightening the service cycle.
Sex Differences in the Respiratory System 17-Estradiol mediates superior adaptation of right ventricular function to acute strenuous exercise in female rats with severe pulmonary hypertension

Tim Lahm, Andrea L. Frump, Marjorie E. Albrecht, Amanda J. Fisher, Todd G. Cook, Thomas J. Jones, Bakhtiyor Yakubov, Jordan Whitson, Robyn K. Fuchs, Aiping Liu, Naomi C. Chesler, and M. Beth Brown Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Anesthesiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin
A Novel Mitophagy Assay for Skeletal Myotubes

We developed a simple ELISA technique as a quantitative in vitro assay for mitophagy in post mitotic skeletal muscle cells. We labeled the mitochondrial DNA of C2C12 myotubes cells by allowing incorporation of the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and following the decay of the label with time under basal and stimulated conditions. BrdU was incorporated into differentiated C2C12 myotubes at significant levels only after pharmacological treatment was used to increase the rate of mtDNA synthesis. PGC1α transduction, stimulation of AMPK, or inhibition of ERK1/2, all previously reported to increase the rate of mtDNA synthesis, induced BrdU incorporation at 4-10 fold over background during a 2 hour incorporation period. Using AMPK stimulation to stimulate initial DNA labeling we confirmed by both microscopy and cytometry methods that BrdU was incorporated into mitochondria and not into nuclei. After removal of the BrdU, the level of label in cells declined to approximately 25% by 24 hours and returned to background levels by 48 hours. The membrane depolariser carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP; (10um) accelerated this decline, such that at 6 hours BrdU signal was reduced by 70-100%. 24 or 48 hours of pretreatment with bafilomycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of early endosome acidification, partially reversed the CCCP stimulated loss of BrdU, and we confirmed by confocal microscopy that the BrdU in bafilomycin treated cells localized with LC3, a marker of early endosomes. Finally, we showed that treatment with urolithin, previously reported to inhibit mitophagy at high concentrations, showed a dose responsive inhibition of BrdU signal loss with a maximum of about 50% at 50uM. This assay represents a robust and simple method to evaluate agents accelerating mitophagy in postmitotic cells.
Asset Pricing with Persistence Risk

Persistence risk is an endogenous source of risk that arises when a rational agent learns about the length of business cycles. Persistence risk is positive during recessions and negative during expansions. This asymmetry, which solely results from learning about persistence, causes expected returns, return volatility, and the price of risk to rise during recessions. Persistence risk predicts future excess returns, particularly at 3- to 7-year horizons. Its predictability is strongest around business-cycle peaks and troughs. We confirm the model’s predictions in the data and provide evidence that persistence risk is priced in financial markets.Received October 13, 2017; editorial decision September 19, 2018 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Documentation of a New Zealand blue whale population based on multiple lines of evidence

Species conservation depends on robust population assessment. Data on population abundance, distribution, and connectivity are critical for effective management, especially as baseline information for newly documented populations. We describe a pygmy blue whale Balaen optera musculus brevicauda population in New Zealand waters with year-round presence that overlaps with industrial activities. This population was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach, including analysis of survey data, sighting records, acoustic data, identification photographs, and genetic samples. Blue whales were reported during every month of the year in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, with reports concentrated in the South Taranaki Bight (STB) region, where foraging behavior was frequently observed. Five hydrophones in the STB recorded the New Zealand blue whale call type on 99.7% of recording days (January to December 2016). A total of 151 individuals were photo-identified between 2004 and 2017. Nine individuals were resighted across multiple years. No matches were made to individuals identified in Australian or Antarctic waters. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies differed significantly be tween New Zealand (n = 53 individuals) and all other Southern Hemisphere blue whale populations, and haplotype diversity was significantly lower than all other populations. These results suggest a high degree of isolation of this New Zealand population. Using a closed capturerecapture population model, our conservative abundance estimate of blue whales in New Zealand is 718 (SD = 433, 95% CI = 279−1926). Our results fill critical knowledge gaps to improve management of blue whale populations in New Zealand and surrounding regions.
Study of Analysis Minimum Required with A fixed Concentration of Sufentanil during lower Limb Surgeries to Achieve Effective Anesthesia

Objective: The aim of the study, we wanted to compare the anesthetic efficacy of ropivacaine alone versus its combination with fixed dose sufentanil. We aimed to find the minimum required dose of ropivacaine when administered with a fixed concentration of sufentanil during lower limb surgeries to achieve effective anesthesia. We also attempted to find whether the combination in effective anesthetic dose produces any hemodynamic instability and/ or significant adverse effects during the surgery and in the immediate postoperative period. Methods: This is a prospective study done with 70 patients clinical data reviewed of the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university of January 2015 to 2016 were identified and included for analysis who were scheduled for lower limb surgery under epidural anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups based on the anesthetic agent that they were supposed to receive. We used up down sequence allocation method as the method for dose estimation as it is an efficient and widely used method to define dose-sparing properties and potency ratios of drugs and drug combinations. Using this method, we estimated the minimum dose of ropivacaine with a fixed dose of sufentanil which could produce effective anesthesia. Results: Over all 70 patient’s we analysis into 2 groups about male and female, on that study we found our result ropivacaine alone was ineffective for epidural anesthesia 8ml of 0.75% ropivacaine with 20 μg of sufentanil (2ml) in 10ml of normal saline, given in increasing volumes, starting from 4ml till effective anesthesia was achieved, was the most effective combination for epidural anesthesia Conclusion: We also found our study that this effective fixed dose combination produced no side effects or hemodynamic instability during the surgery or in the immediate postoperative period. We concluded that this should be the standard dose for epidural anesthesia in lower limb surgeries.
Target Recognition in SAR Image via Keypoint based Local Descriptor—Foundation

This paper considers target characterization and recognition in radar images with keypoint-based local descriptor. Most of the preceding works rely on the global features or raw intensity values, and hence produce the limited recognition performance. Moreover, the global features are sensitive to the real-world sources of variability, such as aspect view, configuration, and incidence angle changes, clutter, articulation, and occlusion. Keypoint-based local descriptor was developed as a powerful strategy to address invariance to contrast change and geometric distortion. This property inspires us to investigate whether the family of local features are relevant for radar target recognition. Most of the preceding works typically devote to finding the correspondences between a collected image and a reference one. The representative applications include image register and change detection. Little work was pursued to target recognition in SAR images. This is because the huge number of local descriptors resulting from radar images make the computational cost and memory consumption unacceptable. To handle the problems, this paper develops two families of methods. The proposed methods are used to achieve target recognition by means of local descriptors. Our first solver refers to building multiple linear regression models, and addresses the problem by the theory of sparse representation. The second scheme rebuilds a new feature by the feature quantization skill, from which the inference can be drawn. Multiple comparative studies are pursued to verify the performance of detectors and descriptors popularly used. The source code was publicly released on https://ganggangdong.github. io/homepage/. Keywords—Target recognition, SAR, keypoint, local descriptor, sparse representation, feature quantization, classification.
NOISE-ASSISTED IMAGE TRANSMISSION WITH SPECKLE NOISE

Stochastic resonance (SR) is a nonlinear effect whereby the transmission or processing of an information-carrying signal can be improved by means of an increase of the noise level. Stochastic resonance has been reported in various types of physical systems, including electronic circuits, lasers, magnetic superconducting devices, or neural systems (for reviews see [1] in physics, [2] in electrical engineering, and [3] in signal processing). In all the above systems, stochastic resonance is observed with a temporal (monodimensional) information signal. Up to now, only a few studies have addressed stochastic resonance with spatial (bidimensional) signals or images. This type of stochastic resonance has been observed in optical devices [4], in image perception by the visual system (see [5] for the initial psychophysical experiment and see [6] for a recent review), in super-resolution techniques for imaging sensors [8, 7], and recently in image restoration [9]. We demonstrate here a new instance of stochastic resonance applied, to our knowledge for the first time, to coherent imaging (SONAR, SAR, or LASER). This takes the form of a noise-assisted image transmission by a nonlinear sensor in presence of a speckle noise. As we will recall here, speckle noise can be viewed as a multiplicative noise. This feature is, by itself, challenging in the framework of stochastic resonance since most of the studies demonstrating noise-assisted signal processing have considered additive coupling between signal and noise. By contrast with the present report, the possibility of stochastic resonance with a multiplicative signal– noise coupling has been demonstrated in [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] for temporal signals exclusively.
Herbicide Resistance in Setaria

The four documented cases of field selection for herbicide resistance in weedy Setaria are described in this chapter. In each case, weed control failure was observed in practice in the field. In all cases, resistance was target-site-based resistance and was due to single nucleotide mutations causing amino-acid substitutions at codon 264 of psbA (photosystem II inhibitors), codons 136 and 239 of α2-tubulin (tubulin polymerization inhibitors), codon 1781 of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetylCoA carboxylase inhibitors), or codons 653 or 654 of acetolactate-synthase (acetolactatesynthase inhibitors). The heredity of resistance in these cases was maternal, nuclear recessive, nuclear dominant, or partially dominant, respectively. Pleiotropic effects of the mutant alleles were observed on seed production for the herbicide-resistant alleles Gly-264 of psbA and Ile-239 of α2-tubulin (22 % yield reduction for both alleles), but not for the Leu-1781 acetyl-CoA carboxylase allele. These alleles were introgressed in foxtail millet (S. italica) to develop herbicideresistant genetic resources and germplasm with the aim to produce and release elite varieties of foxtail millet. This material was also used to study pollen dispersal and possible gene flow between weedy Setaria and cultivated foxtail millet.
Using a written cueing hierarchy to improve verbal naming in aphasia

Background: For some individuals with aphasia, writing has been used as an alternative modality for communicating (e.g., Clausen & Beeson, 2003; Lustig & Tompkins, 2002). In some investigations where writing ability was treated; post‐treatment and/or anecdotal reports indicated that verbal naming ability also improved for participants with aphasia (e.g., Beeson, Rising, & Volk, 2003; Kiran, 2005). In some recent studies, investigators have reported that written naming cueing can improve verbal naming ability (DeDe, Parris, & Waters, 2003; Hillis, 1989). This investigation was conducted as a master's thesis by the third author. The authors are especially grateful to the participants for their time and commitment in participating in the study. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a written cueing treatment programme on verbal naming ability in two adults with aphasia. Method & Procedures: Treatment involved using a written cueing hierarchy, which was modelled after Copy and Recall Treatment (CART; Beeson, 1999) and included verbal and writing components. A modified multiple probe across behaviours design was used to document individual participants' response to treatment. The design was replicated across each participant and included baseline, treatment, probe, and maintenance conditions. Outcomes & Results: Both participants improved their verbal naming ability for the target items over the course of treatment, but they responded differently to the treatment. One participant (P2) maintained verbal naming performance for the treated items 4 weeks after treatment ended and generalised to the untrained items; whereas the other participant (P1) did not. Conclusions: Results support and extend previous findings that treating in one modality improves performance in a different modality. Further, participants responded differently to the treatment, suggesting that underlying differences in the participants' deficits may account for why they responded differently to the same treatment.