Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avian biodiversity monitoring in Australian rangelands

Birds have been widely regarded as a key element in monitoring biodiversity both in Australia and elsewhere. We believe that, although birds are unlikely to be an umbrella or indicator taxon for other biota (other vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, microorganisms), they do represent a taxon that can be monitored more easily and with less effort per datum than other biotic components. It has been shown by the great participation rate of lay observers (whom we call monitors) in several schemes (notably the Birds Australia Atlas programs) that there is a capacity to mobilize the public to undertake bird surveying. Although there are many limitations to acquiring high-quality information (scale, dynamism, mobility, irruptiveness, paucity of monitors over much of the rangelands), we think that these can be dealt with to allow the use of birds as a key component of biodiversity monitoring. We outline some of the possible options for statistically characterizing monitoring data for rangeland birds.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POWER CURVE FLATTENING METHOD: AN APPROACH TO SMART GRIDS

This paper presents an assessment of several methods to analyse power curve flattening in power systems. Several functions are commonly used to evaluate the flattening of the power demand curve. However, due to the high deployment of Smart Grids, an evaluation of the suitability of the power curve flattening parameter is needed in current power systems. Results are thus of a valuable interest for both Distribution System Operators and Transmission System Operators, who will be able to assess their Smart Grid Projects with a higher degree of accuracy. The developed work is based on the Smartcity Malaga Project led by ENDESA and ENEL.
Intensive Control Insulin-Nutrition-Glucose Model validated in critically ill patients

A comprehensive, more physiologically relevant Intensive Control Insulin-NutritionGlucose (ICING) Model is presented and validated using data from critically ill patients. Glucose utilisation and its endogenous production in particular, are more distinctly expressed. A more robust glucose absorption model through ingestion is also added. Finally, this model also includes explicit pathways of insulin kinetics, clearance and utilisation. Identification of critical constant population parameters is carried out parametrically, optimising one hour forward prediction errors, while avoiding model identifiability issues. The identified population values are pG = 0.006 min-1, EGPb = 1.16 mmol/min and nI = 0.003 min-1, all of which are within reported physiological ranges. Insulin sensitivity, SI, is identified hourly for each individual. All other model parameters are kept at well-known population values or functions of body weight or surface area. A sensitivity study confirms the validity of limiting time-varying parameters to SI only. The model achieves median fitting error <1% in data from 173 patients (N = 42,941 hrs in total) who received insulin while in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and stayed for more than 72 hrs. Most importantly, the median per-patient one-hour ahead prediction error is a very low 2.80% [IQR 1.18, 6.41%]. It is significant that the 75th percentile prediction error is now within the lower bound of typical glucometer measurement errors of 7-12%. This result further confirms that the model is suitable for developing model-based insulin therapies, and capable of delivering tight blood glucose control, in a real-time model based control framework with a tight prediction error range.
COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF TWO TYPES OF OUTPUTPUSHING FEEDBACK ON ADULT EFL STUDENTS’ ORAL ACCURACY / UNA COMPARACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS DE DOS TIPOS DE RETROALIMENTACIÓN CORRECTIVA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN ORAL DE LOS ALUMNOS ADULTOS DE INGLÉS

Abstract Despite growing evidence that providing immediate oral corrective feedback can help second language students speak more accurately, the way in which feedback should be given remains controversial. While a great number of studies support the use of recasts, authors such as Lyster and Saito (2010) claim that output-pushing feedback could be more beneficial for classroom learners. However, few studies have attempted to tease apart the effects of separate output-pushing feedback-types or prompts, which is why the present small-scale study compares two kinds of prompts; metalinguistic feedback and elicitation. Two groups of intermediate university students (n=31) received either elicitation or metalinguistic feedback while carrying out communicative speaking activities. A statistical analysis of students’ gain scores from pre- to posttest shows that metalinguistic feedback had greater effects on students’ accuracy, although these were not significant. Metalinguistic feedback was also much more successful at helping students correct their errors during the classroom intervention. Resumen Aunque numerosos trabajos han demostrado que la retroalimentacion oral inmediata puede ayudar a los alumnos de una segunda lengua a hablar mas correctamente, no hay acuerdo sobre que tipo de correccion es mas adecuado. Si bien un gran numero de estudios apoyan el uso de reformulaciones, autores como Lyster y Saito (2010) afirman que, en el contexto escolar, puede resultar mas beneficioso proporcionar a los estudiantes los denominados “prompts”, que constituyen un tipo de retroalimentacion que obliga a los alumnos a producir “output”. A dia de hoy, apenas se conocen los efectos de diferentes tipos de “prompts”, por ello, este estudio a pequena escala compara dos tipos: la retroalimentacion metalinguistica y la elicitacion. Dos grupos de alumnos universitarios de nivel intermedio (n=31) recibieron o bien elicitacion o bien retroalimentacion metalinguistica mientras efectuaron actividades orales comunicativas. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos que recibieron retroalimentacion metalinguistica mejoraron mas entre el test previo y posterior, aunque esta mejora no fue significativa. Asimismo,estos alumnos fueron mas capaces de corregir sus errores durante la intervencion en el aula.
Effect of EMIC Wave Normal Angle Distribution on Relativistic Electron Scattering

The flux level of outer-zone relativistic electrons (above 1 MeV) is extremely variable during geomagnetic storms, and controlled by a competition between acceleration and loss. Precipitation of these electrons due to resonant pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is considered one of the major loss mechanisms. This mechanism was suggested in early theoretical studies more than three decades ago. However, direct experimental evidence of the wave role in relativistic electrons precipitation is difficult to obtain because of lack of concurrent measurements of precipitating electrons at low altitudes and the waves in a magnetically conjugate equatorial region. Recently, the data from balloon-borne X-ray instruments provided indirect but strong evidence on an efficiency of the EMIC wave induced loss for the outer-zone relativistic electrons. These observations stimulated theoretical studies that, particularly, demonstrated that EMIC wave induced pitch-angle diffusion of MeV electrons can operate in the strong diffusion limit and this mechanism can compete with relativistic electron depletion caused by the Dst effect during the initial and main phases of storm. Although an effectiveness of relativistic electron scattering by EMIC waves depends strongly on the wave spectral properties, the most favorable assumptions regarding wave characteristics has been made in all previous theoretical studies. Particularly, only quasi field-aligned EMIC waves have been considered as a driver for relativistic electron loss. At the same time, there is growing experimental and theoretical evidence that these waves can be highly oblique; EMIC wave energy can occupy not only the region of generation, i.e. the region of small wave normal angles, but also the entire wave normal angle region, and even only the region near 90 degrees. The latter can dramatically change he effectiveness of relativistic electron scattering by EMIC waves. In the present study, we calculate the pitch-angle diffusion coefficients using the typical wave normal distributions obtained from our self-consistent ring current-EMIC wave model, and try to quantify the effect of EMIC wave normal angle characteristics on relativistic electron scattering.
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEED VIGOUR TRAITS AND FIELD PERFORMANCE IN NEW RICE FOR AFRICA (NERICA) GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.)

The study was conducted to examine the relationships between seed vigour traits and field performancein 24 interspecific rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes specifically for Africa. Seeds of these genotypeswere evaluated in the late cropping season of 2003 and early cropping season of year 2004 inthe laboratory for seed vigour traits. Field performances were evaluated at the Teaching and ResearchFarm, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria for field performance traits. Data were collectedfrom the laboratory studies on six seed vigour traits while seven performance traits were assessed onthe field. The data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation to compute correlation coefficient (r) andstep-wise multiple regression analysis to determine percentage contribution of each trait to field emergence.The results of correlation analyses in the 2003, 2004 and across the two seasons revealed thatstandard germination, energy of germination, seedling vigour index-11, seedling vigour index-1 andspeed of germination index exhibited significant positive relationships with field emergence, seedlingestablishment, plant height, seedling dry weight and seed yield/plant. 100- seed weight significantcorrelation with plant height. From these results, all the laboratory seed vigour traits examined except100 seed weight were identified to be good predictors of field performance in NERICA rice. Regressionanalysis ranked speed of germination index as the major contributor to field emergence, accountingfor 58% of the total variation. Also, seedling establishment, standard germination and field emergencewere identified as the major contributors to seed yield/plant, accounting for 79, 77 and 66% ofthe total variation in seed yield/plant. Hence, prediction of field emergence and seed yield of NERICArice genotypes from seed vigour traits in the laboratory is possible and was effective.
Predicting Alcohol Consumption in Adolescent Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Predicting Alcohol Consumption in Adolescent Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Andrea N. Sorenson Department of Psychology, BYU Master of Science Numerous studies show that a low level of response to the intoxicating effects of alcohol is considered a risk factor for future alcoholism. However, assessing this sensitivity usually requires administering a controlled dose of alcohol, which has a number of inherent problems. Early observations in our lab suggest that the response to anesthetics that show cross tolerance with alcohol, like ketamine, are blunted in nonhuman primates at risk for high alcohol intake, and may be a viable measure of future alcohol consumption. This study was designed to test potential predictors of future alcohol consumption using the change in ketamine across repeated exposures (i.e., tolerance). In addition, potential mediating factors of alcohol consumption, including early temperament and behavior, were assessed. Subjects were 16 three-year-old, alcohol naive rhesus macaque males raised by their biological mothers. Ketamine Exposure-Each subject was exposed to three 10.0 mg/kg intramuscular doses of ketamine. The time from injection to recovery from anesthetic was recorded for each dose, to be used as a measure of subject’s sensitivity and developed tolerance. Alcohol Intake Assessment-Two weeks after the final ketamine dose, subjects were allowed ad libitum access to a palatable 8.4% alcohol solution for two-hours a day, five days a week, for six weeks. During the Two-Choice phase of testing, subjects were simultaneously given ad libitum access to the 8.4% alcohol solution and to a sweetened solution for two-hours a day, five days a week, for four weeks. Solution consumption was recorded daily and averaged across the weeks for each phase of alcohol testing. Temperament and Behavior-As infants, all subjects participated in a bio-behavioral assessment (BBA), when they were between 90 and 120 days of age. Data collected during the BBA on subjects’ temperament (Vigilance, Gentleness, Confidence, and Nervousness) and Behavior (Activity and Emotionality) were used in analyses. Results showed a relationship between the tolerance developed between ketamine doses and average alcohol consumption during the Alcohol-Only phase (r = 0.61, R = 0.372, F (1,14) = 8.300, p = 0.012). Average alcohol consumption during the Alcohol-Only phase was also related to ratings of Confidence (r = 0.499, R=0.249, F(1,14)=4.647, p = 0.049), Activity (Day 1: r = 0.503, R = 0.253, F(1,14) = 4.732, p = 0.047; Day 2: r = 0.455, R = 0.207, F(1,14) = 3.652, p = 0.077), and Emotionality (r = 0.466, R = 0.217, F(1,14) = 3.885, p=0.069). The results of this study suggest that change in ketamine recovery time and early life temperament and behaviors may be measures of future risk for alcohol abuse disorders. This data is limited by the small sample size and future study is necessary to further tease out the relationships between these variables and alcohol consumption.
Topographic evaluation of fifth-generation GOCE gravity field models – globally and regionally

ESA (European Space Agency) has released a series of new-generation Earth gravity field models computed from gradiometry and GPS observations carried out aboard the GOCE (Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite. In order to assess the quality of the new GOCE gravity fields, the sensitivity of satellite gravimetry to the gravitational attraction of the topographic masses can be exploited. This study uses topographic mass models to evaluate five generations of GOCE gravity models, both globally and regionally. As model representing Earth’s topography, ice-sheet and waterbody masses we use the new RET2014 rock-equivalent topography model by Curtin University (Perth). The gravitational potential of the RET2014 model is computed in spherical harmonics and in ellipsoidal approximation (ellipsoidal topographic potential, cf. Claessens and Hirt 2013, JGR Solid Earth, 118, 5991). We compare gravity from GOCE and from the RET2014 topography, whereby similar signal characteristics are taken as a sign of quality for the GOCE gravity fields. Our topographic evaluation shows a steadily improved agreement of the five model generations with topographyimplied gravity, and increase in GOCE model resolution. For the fifth-generation GOCE gravity fields, full resolution is indicated to harmonic degree ~220 (90 km scales), and partially resolved gravity features are found to degree ~270 (time-wise approach, TIM) and degree ~290-300 (direct approach, DIR), As such, the 5-generation GOCE models capture parts of the gravity field signal down to ~70 km spatial scales. This is a very significant improvement in satellite-only static gravity field knowledge compared to the pre-GOCE-era. Our comparisons show that models from the DIR approach improved relative to those from the TIM approach from the 2 to the 5 generation, with DIR offering the best short-scale performance (from degree 240 and beyond). Considering the unprecedented gravity field resolution achieved, the GOCE gravity field mission performed beyond the expectations. The GOCE gravity fields will serve as a de-facto-standard in a range of applications encompassing geodesy, geophysics and oceanography.
The monetary views of Paul Einzig

Paul Einzig was born in 1897 in Brasov but comes to London in 1919. From 1920, he begins to write articles for scienti c reviews, especially The Economic Journal, while he contributes more regularly to The Financial News, The Financial Times or The Banker. From this period to his death in 1973, he writes also many books, on very diverse subjects but devoted for the major part to monetary analysis and international nance. This paper concentrates on two subjects recurrently developed by Paul Einzig. The rst is the analysis of forward exchange market where Einzig observes anomalies in the covered interest rates parity. These observations, in accordance with those of Keynes, initiate a long controversy - still not closed -, on the origin of these anomalies. The second subject is less technical and more fundamental: what are in practice the respective properties of the di erent possible external exchange regimes? Einzig provides all his life long historical and analytical arguments to the reader interested in this question. He observes and comments regularly and in detail the crises and failures of di erent monetary arrangements. These observations and analyzes are still useful at a time when, after many years of trust in the corner solutions (free otation and monetary unions) the international community nds necessary to elaborate adequate regulations for the Eurozone policy-mix, or to control the excessive instability of the international capital flows.
Cadmium Uptake and Distribution in Fragrant Rice Genotypes and Related Consequences on Yield and Grain Quality Traits

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has varying consequences on plants growth and development. This research focused on examining the influence of Cd toxicity on fragrant rice genotypes and its consequences on yield, yield related parameters, and grain quality traits. Randomized complete block design comprising five different fragrant rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2, Xiangyaxiangzhan, Guixiangzhan, Basmati, and Nongxiang 18) and four Cd levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg soil) was used. The results showed that, with increased levels of soil Cd toxicity, Cd uptake in roots and distribution to other organs increased in dose dependent manner. Uptake and accumulation were higher in roots than in shoots with the highest uptake in both roots and shoots observed in Meixiangzhan 2, followed by Nongxiang 18, Basmati, Xiangyaxiangzhan, and Guixiangzhan cultivars. With increased Cd toxicity, yield and yield parameters were affected in all cultivars. Grain quality was also found affected under Cd stress condition. The results suggested that soil Cd toxicity has negative consequences on rice performance and uptake varies among cultivars. Conclusively, Cd toxicity impaired rice yield formation and grain quality by altering yield components (panicles number, spikelet per panicles, and spikelet setting (%)); however, Guixiangzhan variety performed better, while Meixiangzhan 2 performed less in terms of minimum Cd uptake and distribution to grains, yield, and grain quality reduction under Cd stress condition.
Speaking for Others: The Pros and Cons of Group Advocates using Collective Language

We examined how rhetorical style affects evaluations of group advocates, and how these evaluations are moderated by group identification. University students were given a letter to the editor defending student welfare. The argument was either constructed using personal language (‘I believe’) or collective language (‘we believe’). Furthermore, the letter was either attributed to an official advocate (president of the student union) or an unofficial advocate (a rank-and-file member of the student body). Consistent with the social identity perspective, participants who showed strong identification as a university student thought that the group would feel better represented by official advocates using collective rather than personal language. Low identifiers, however, did not rate the rhetorical styles differently on representativeness. Furthermore, low identifiers (but not high identifiers) rated official advocates as more likable and more effective when they used personal rather than collective language. The discussion focuses on the conflict low identifiers might feel between (a) needing to homogenize with other group members in order to maximize the influence and political effectiveness of their message at the collective level, and (b) protecting themselves against categorization threat.
Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and molasses in diets with dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance in nursery and finishing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) and(or) molasses in diets with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs. For Exp. 1, 126 nursery pigs (35 d old and average wt of 22.5 lb) were used with six pigs/pen and seven pens/treatment. Treatments were a corn-soybean meal-based control and diets with 30% DDGS without and with 0.93% sodium bicarbonate to adjust the dEB back to that of the control diet. Pigs fed the control diet had greater ADG (P 0.58) in F/G compared to pigs fed diets with DDGS. Addition of sodium bicarbonate to nursery diets with 30% DDGS did not improve (P>0.3) growth performance. For Exp. 2, a total of 70 gilts (average wt of 196 lb) were assigned with two pigs/pen and five pens/treatment. The pigs were fed experimental diets for 26 d, a common diet for 6 d, and then reassigned to a different treat-ment for an additional 26-d assay. The end result was 10 pens/treatment. Treatments were a corn-soybean meal-based control and diets with 40% DDGS without and with molasses (5%) and sodium bicarbonate (none, 1, and 2%). Pigs fed the control diet had greater (P 0.26), ADFI (P>0.16), or F/G (P>0.24). In conclusion, adding sodium bicarbonate and(or) molasses to diets with high inclusion of DDGS did not improve growth performance in nursery or finishing pigs.
Quality of eggs from hens kept in two different free-range systems in comparison with a barn system Qualität von Eiern aus zwei verschiedenen Freiland- und einem Bodenhaltungssystem

For many years, a relatively large number of consumers in Poland have been interested in buying free-range (backyard) or organic eggs (SOKO OWICZ et al., 2008). By eating various grasses and herbs, free-range layers enrich their food and assimilate valuable natural nutrients that influence some egg quality traits (NYS, 2000; GORNOWICZ, 2003; VAN DEN BRAND et al., 2004). Backyard layers receive varied diets compared to hens from intensive systems (ZIELI SKA, 1965). These layers are mainly fed farm feeds such as whole cereal grains or a mixture of ground cereals and potatoes. It is assumed that layers find the other nutrients on free range. It is agreed that feeding is a factor that has the largest effect on egg quality traits (RY et al., 1996; KUCHTA et al., 1999; ROLAND and BRYANT, 2000; KORELESKI and WI TKIEWICZ, 2004). It is therefore interesting to evaluate quality of eggs from the free-range system, where this trait is influenced by both nutritional factors and ambient microclimate (NYS, 1995; DZIADEK et al., 2003; VAN DEN BRAND et al., 2004; WIERCZEWSKA et al., 2003; SEKEROGLU et al., 2008). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two different free-range rearing systems and a barn system on selected egg quality traits.