Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical response to varying the stimulus parameters in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for essential tremor is sometimes limited by side effects. The mechanisms by which DBS alleviates tremor or causes side effects are unclear; thus, it is difficult to select stimulus parameters that maximize the width of the therapeutic window. The goal of this study was to quantify the impact on side effect intensity (SE), tremor amplitude, and the therapeutic window of varying stimulus parameters. Tremor amplitude and SE were recorded at 40 to 90 combinations of pulse width, frequency, and voltage across 14 thalami. Posterior variable inclusion probabilities indicated that frequency and voltage were the most important predictors of both SE and tremor amplitude. The amount of tremor suppression achieved at frequencies of 90 to 100 Hz was not different from that at 160 to 170 Hz. However, the width of the therapeutic window decreased significantly and power consumption increased as frequency was increased above 90 to 100 Hz. Improved understanding of the relationships between stimulus parameters and clinical responses may lead to improved techniques of stimulus parameter adjustment. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Short-term response of macular oedema to intravitreal bevacizumab

Background/aims: Bevacizumab has been shown to be an effective treatment of macular oedema. This study assesses the response of macular oedema to bevacizumab with specific focus on the first 24 h postinjection. Methods: Subjects with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) or exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) received intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity and OCT macular thickness measurements were obtained at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h, 1 week and 1 month postinjection. Results: The average baseline OCT was 452.91 µm (SD 182.96, range 249.00 to 784.00). After injection, there was a statistically significant decrease in OCT thickness within 2 h with a plateau phase out to 24 h, followed by a significant drop between 24 and 48 h, and a return towards baseline between 1 week and 1 month. Average changes in ETDRS visual acuity were not statistically significant, though many patients experienced a positive outcome. Conclusion: While there is an immediate pressure-related effect, it appears that the anti-VEGF effects of bevacizumab require approximately 24 h to become active and persist for 2–3 weeks. These results suggest that injections at 2–3-week intervals might provide improved clinical outcomes, compared with the currently typical 4–6-week interval of injections.
Investor Co-Attention and Stock Market Comovement

We investigate investor's correlated attention as a determinant of excess stock market comovement. We propose a novel proxy, "co-attention", that measures the correlation in demand for market-wide information across stock markets approximated by the Google Search Volume Index (SVI). Our results reveal significant co-attention driven to some extent by correlated news and fundamentals. Most importantly, we find a positive association between co-attention and excess correlation. This effect is more pronounced in developed economies and during recessions. We fail to document significant effects of correlated news supply on stock markets, lending support to the idea that information demand governs investing decisions. Co-attention is not only induced through international investors but domestic investors as well. Our results provide evidence of attention-induced financial contagion in unrelated economies. International investors' co-attention appears to facilitate volatility transmission indirectly across markets.
All-Fiber Optical Faraday Mirror Using 56-wt%-Terbium-Doped Fiber

An all-fiber optical Faraday mirror that consists of a fiber Faraday rotator and a fiber Bragg grating is demonstrated. The fiber Faraday rotator uses a 21-cm-long section of 56-wt%-terbium-doped silicate fiber. The polarization state of the reflected light is rotated 89<sup>°</sup>±2<sup>°</sup> with a 16-dB polarization extinction ratio.
Arabidopsis TOBAMOVIRUS MULTIPLICATION (TOM) 2 locus encodes a transmembrane protein that interacts with TOM1

The tom2‐1 mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana reduces the efficiency of intracellular multiplication of tobamoviruses. The tom2‐1 mutant was derived from fast‐neutron‐irradiated seeds, and the original mutant line also carries ttm1, a dominant modifier that increases tobamovirus multiplication efficiency in a tobamovirus‐strain‐specific manner in the tom2‐1 genetic background. Here, we show that the tom2‐1 mutation involved a deletion of ∼20 kb in the nuclear genome. The deleted region included two genes named TOM2A and TOM2B that were both associated with the tom2‐1 phenotype, whereas ttm1 corresponded to the translocation of part of the deleted region that included intact TOM2B but not TOM2A. TOM2A encodes a 280 amino acid putative four‐pass transmembrane protein with a C‐terminal farnesylation signal, while TOM2B encodes a 122 amino acid basic protein. The split‐ubiquitin assay demonstrated an interaction of TOM2A both with itself and with TOM1, an integral membrane protein of A.thaliana presumed to be an essential constituent of tobamovirus replication complex. The data presented here suggest that TOM2A is also an integral part of the tobamovirus replication complex.
Asset Redeployability and Capital Structure Choice: The Role of Competition

Asset specificity and the availability of purchasers for the asset in liquidation are not merely additive factors. These factors interact in interesting ways to contribute to the underlying collateral value of assets. This paper focuses on asset redeployability, the role of competition and firms' leverage decisions. Competition captures the availability of potential purchasers of a firm's assets in liquidation. For firms in more competitive domestic industries, there exist a wider array of potential purchasers for their assets in liquidation as compared to firms operating in industries that face competition mainly from imports. It is relatively easier for firms in competitive domestic markets to sell off their assets to competing firms due to commonalities in production technologies. Thus the assets of these firms inherently have a higher collateral value. This results in these firms having a higher leverage as compared to firms operating in import intensive industries.
Suppression of RAD21 Induces Senescence of MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cells Through RB1 Pathway Activation Via c‐Myc Downregulation

Cellular senescence impedes cancer progression by limiting uncontrolled cell proliferation. To identify new genetic events controlling senescence, we performed a small interfering RNA screening human cancer cells and identified a number of targets potentially involved in senescence of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells. Importantly, we showed that knockdown of RAD21 resulted in the appearance of several senescent markers, including enhanced senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity and heterochromatin focus formation, as well as elevated p21 protein levels and RB1 pathway activation. Further biochemical analyses revealed that RAD21 knockdown led to the downregulation of c‐Myc and its targets, including CDK4, a negative regulator of RB1, and blockedRB1 phosphorylation (pRB1), and the RB1‐mediated transcriptional repression of E2F. Moreover, c‐Myc downregulation was partially mediated by proteasome‐dependent degradation within promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, which were found to be highly abundant during RAD21 knockdown‐induced senescence. Exogenous c‐Myc reconstitution rescued cells from RAD21 silencing‐induced senescence. Altogether, data arising from this study implicate a novel function of RAD21 in cellular senescence in MDA‐MB‐231 cells that is mainly dependent onRB1 pathway activation via c‐Myc downregulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1359–1369, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversification, capital structure, and performance: A simultaneous equation approach

This paper examines the relationships between diversification, capital structure, and performance jointly on the financial sector. Our dataset covers 412 French financial institutions over the period ranging from 2002 to 2012. Furthermore, we use a threeâ€ stage least squares to check reverse causality. Our threeâ€ stage least squares results show positive significant simultaneous interdependencies between performance and leverage. Performance reduction and debt levels increase are associated with activity diversification. Performance and leverage reduction is due to geographic diversification. Our estimation confirms reverse association between the interaction of diversification, leverage, and performance. Moreover, the findings are robust after taking into account alternative measures of diversification.
The Role of Teaching and Teacher Training in the Hiring and Promotion of Ph.D. Economists

Surveys suggest that a majority of graduate students seek academic positions after completing their degree. We survey groups involved in the job market to determine the roles of teaching and research in hiring and the subsequent success of new faculty. We find that while characteristics that signal research potential are highly valued by both graduate directors and department chairs, there are significant discrepancies in the extent that teaching is valued in the hiring process across institution types. Furthermore, although new faculty devote half of their time to teaching, only half of them agree that graduate school prepared them to teach.
Characterization of Serum Tartrate‐Resistant Acid Phosphatase and Development of a Direct Two‐Site Immunoassay

Osteoclasts secrete tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to the circulation, where the amount of TRAP is expected to correlate with the bone resorption rate. We have developed two monoclonal antibodies, O1A and J1B, using purified human bone TRAP as antigen. The antibodies recognized different epitopes, allowing us to develop a two‐site fluoroimmunoassay. The immunoreactivity in fresh serum specimens was less than 10% of the concentrations measured from the same specimens after 24 h of storage at 4°C, or after addition of 5 mM EDTA or EGTA to them. When fresh serum was gel filtrated using Sephacryl S‐200 column, all of the enzyme eluted in the void volume as a complex with a molecular weight of more than 250 kDa. If the serum was treated with EDTA before the gel filtration, the complex was destroyed and the enzyme eluted in fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 30 kDa, the size of monomeric purified human bone TRAP. The immunoassay was used to measure TRAP concentrations from serum samples that had been stored at 4°C for 24 h. According to the assay, premenopausal women had 13.1 ± 3.1, postmenopausal women 17.6 ± 4.2, and children 32.6 ± 12.2 μg TRAP/l of serum. We conclude that TRAP circulates in the serum as part of a complex, which also contains Ca2+, and that TRAP‐immunoassay is a potentially useful method for determining bone resorption rates, as long as the complex is destroyed before the assay.
Supervised algorithm selection for flow and other computer vision problems

Motion estimation is one of the core problems of computer vision. Given two or more frames from a video sequence, the goal is to find the temporal correspondence for one or more points from the sequence. For dense motion estimation, or optical flow, a dense correspondence field is sought between the pair of frames. A standard approach to optical flow involves constructing an energy function and then using some optimization scheme to find its minimum. These energy functions are hand designed to work well generally, with the intention that the global minimum corresponds to the ground truth temporal correspondence. As an alternative to these heuristic energy functions we aim to assess the quality of existing algorithms directly from training data. We show that the addition of an offline training phase can improve the quality of motion estimation. For optical flow, decisions such as which algorithm to use and when to trust its accuracy, can all be learned from training data. Generating ground truth optical flow data is a difficult and time consuming process. We propose the use of synthetic data for training and present a new dataset for optical flow evaluation and a tool for generating an unlimited quantity of ground truth correspondence data. We use this method for generating data to synthesize depth images for the problem of depth image super-resolution and show that it is superior to real data. We present results for optical flow confidence estimation with improved performance on a standard benchmark dataset. Using a similar feature representation, we extend this work to occlusion region detection and present state of the art results for challenging real scenes. Finally, given a set of different algorithms we treat optical flow estimation as the problem of choosing the best algorithm from this set for a given pixel. However, posing algorithm selection as a standard classification problem assumes that class labels are disjoint. For each training example it is assumed that there is only one class label that correctly describes it, and that all other labels are equally bad. To overcome this, we propose a novel example dependent cost-sensitive learning algorithm based on decision trees where each label is instead a vector representing a data point's affinity for each of the algorithms. We show that this new algorithm has improved accuracy compared to other classification baselines on several computer vision problems.
Spousal Bereavement in Older Adults: Common, Resilient, and Chronic Grief With Defining Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to identify empirically patterns of grief among 141 older bereaved spouses. A longitudinal hierarchical cluster procedure with the Ward agglomeration method was used to identify distinct clusters based on grief scores. Three clusters were identified: common (49%), resilient (34%), and chronic (17%) grief. Members of the common grief cluster experienced elevated levels of grief and depressive symptoms that decreased over time. Members of the resilient cluster experienced the lowest levels of grief and depression and the highest quality of life. The chronic grief cluster experienced the highest levels of grief and depression, more sudden deaths, the lowest self-esteem, and the highest marital dependency. The majority in this chronic cluster also met proposed criteria for a diagnosis of complicated grief. Five out of every six bereaved spouses adjusted well over time, and about a third of these showed considerable resilience without negative consequences. One out of six experienced a chronic grief syndrome. Early identification of this syndrome can lead to referral to newly emergent treatments specific for grief.
Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Management of Pain Associated With Multiple Fractured Ribs in Patients With Concomitant Lumbar Spinal Trauma

Background and Objectives The need for continual neurological assessment in patients with lumbar spinal injury poses a challenge for effective management of pain associated with multiple fractured ribs. Two cases are presented to illustrate the benefits of using thoracic paravertebral block to control the pain of multiple fractured ribs without compromising the ongoing neurological assessment. Case Report Thoracic paravertebral block was used in 2 patients with concomitant multiple fractured ribs and lumbar spinal injury. Case 2 also had a head injury and there was moderate coagulopathy. The thoracic paravertebral catheter was placed in the upper thoracic region and radiological imaging was used to delineate spread before the injection of relatively small volumes (10 to 15 mL) of local anesthetic. In case 1, the thoracic paravertebral block produced ipsilateral segmental thoracic anesthesia, providing excellent pain relief for the fractured ribs. It also spared the lumbar and sacral nerve roots, preserving neurological function in the lower extremities and bladder sensation. In case 2, effective analgesia without systemic sedation and opioids resulted in the patient regaining consciousness, which allowed continuous assessment of central and peripheral neurological function. Conclusion Thoracic paravertebral block is an option for managing pain associated with multiple fractured ribs in the presence of concomitant lumbar spinal injury requiring continual neurological assessment.
MRI T2* imaging for assessment of liver iron overload: study of different data analysis approaches

Background Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as an effective technique for evaluating iron overload by measuring T2* in the liver. Purpose To investigate the effects of various factors associated with T2* calculation on the resulting measurement and to determine the analysis criterion that provides the most accurate T2* measurements. Material and Methods Both phantom and in vivo MRI experiments were conducted to study the effects of the selected region of interest (ROI) location and size, signal-averaging method, exponential-fitting model, echo truncation, iron-overload severity, and inter-/intra-observer variabilities on T2* measurements. The results were compared to reference values from the scanner processing software. Results The pixel-by-pixel calculation method provided results in better agreement with the reference values from the MRI scanner than the average or median methods. The choice of the exponential fitting model affected the results, depending on signal-to-noise ratio, number of echoes, minimum and maximum echo times, and tissue composition inside the selected ROI. The single-exponential model resulted in smaller error than the bi-exponential or exponential-plus-constant models, where the latter two models showed similar results. The relative performance of the different models and methods was not affected by the degree of iron-overload. Conclusion Various factors associated with the adopted T2* calculation method affect the resulting measurement. In this study, the pixel-by-pixel calculation method and single-exponential model provided the most accurate results based on the conducted phantom and in vivo MRI experiments.
Hypermethylation reduces expression of tumor‐suppressor PLZF and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in non‐small‐cell lung cancers

Deregulation of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), a tumor suppressor gene, was reported in different types of solid tumors. This study for the first time explored the reduced expression of PLZF and its effects in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carcinogenesis. PLZF was found to be downregulated by 62.8% in 87.1% of 154 paired NSCLC samples by quantitative real‐time PCR, and its expression was found to be associated with the sex of the patient (P=0.02). Further analysis showed that down‐regulation of PLZF in 35.6% NSCLC samples (31 out of 87) was triggered by hypermethylation in the promoter region. This was validated by demethylation analysis using the A549 cell line. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay indicated that CTCF binding to the promoter region could activate PLZF transcription. Overexpression of PLZF in both A549 and LTEP lung cancer cell lines was found to inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis. Therefore, reduced expression of PLZF was found to be common in NSCLC. PLZF down‐regulation was partially correlated with hypermethylation in the promoter region. Decreased levels of PLZF expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of NSCLC by promoting cell survival. Therefore, the restoration of PLZF expression may serve as a new strategy for NSCLC therapy. —Wang, X. , Wang, L. , Guo, S. , Bao, Y. , Ma, Y. , Yan, F. , Xu, K. , Xu, Z. , Jin, L. , Lu, D. , Xu, J., Wang, J.‐C. Hypermethylation reduces expression of tumor‐suppressor PLZF and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in non‐small‐cell lung cancers. FASEBJ. 27, 4194‐4203 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Life After Dowell: The Impact of Unitary Status and the End of Court-Ordered Desegregation, 1993-2013

In 1991, the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell established guidelines that expedited the lower courts’ ability to terminate courtordered desegregation cases, even in cases where racial imbalance was likely to persist. The courts refer to districts that have had court cases terminated as operating under “unitary status. ” Over the next 25 years, the lower courts terminated hundreds of desegregation orders. This dissertation examines patterns of racial composition, school finance, and educational attainment in 480 school districts operating under unitary status, and compares these patterns to those in districts that remained under court oversight as well as those districts with no court-mandated desegregation plan in place. These analyses include data from 1993 through 2013 and provide significant evidence that unitary districts followed a different trajectory than either districts not impacted by the Dowell ruling or districts that remained under court order through 2010. In addition to finding both overall changes in racial composition and differing patterns of segregation across the subsets of districts analyzed, findings indicate a relationship between unitary status and increasing segregation levels over time. Additionally, districts not under court order were consistently able to spend more per pupil than districts with active court orders and those operating under unitary status. The finance analysis also found that while unitary districts were able to spend more on students for some time after court orders terminated, these efforts could not be sustained long-term. Finally, an examination of educational attainment showed that court-monitored and unitary districts had much lower rates of educational attainment in 1993,
What makes the theatre audience return? The role of engagement in predicting future behavior.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore the factors that influence the future behaviour of theatre audience. The authors hypothesized that the audience engagement could be the key factor and the answer to the question: What makes the theatre audience return? // Methodology – The research was conducted on a sample of 537 respondents from Croatia that have visited either Croatian National Theatre in Osijek or in Rijeka in the past two years. This precondition was ensured through filter question on the beginning of the survey and 452 respondents have satisfied the precondition. The data was gathered through highly structured questionnaire designed based on scales and items adapted from previous research. Structural equation modelling (SEM) in LISREL was used to analyse the data. // Findings – Research results suggest that future behaviour of theatre audience is positively influenced by perceived value of theatre performances and customer engagement. Contradictory to previous findings, quality of performance has no influence on future behaviour. Also, mediator effects are explored. Managerial implications are discussed and suggestions for marketing managers in theatres offered. // Originality of the research – This research contributes to the development of the theory on customer engagement in general and in the context of non-profit marketing as well as theatre marketing. It provides the empirically based answers to research questions related to the predictive power of engagement as well as other suggested variables. The study also contributes to understanding the determinants of future behaviour of theatre audience in Croatia.