Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved chimaeric mouse model confirms that resident peritoneal macrophages are derived solely from bone marrow precursors

The origin of resident peritoneal macrophages was studied in radiation mouse chimaeras with and without reconstitution of the peritoneum with viable isogeneic peritoneal cells. The selection of host and donor strains were such that the isoenzymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase could be used to distinguish host from donor bone marrow derived cells. It was found that the resident peritoneal macrophages were completely replaced by bone marrow donor derived cells within 5–6 weeks. There was little difference between the results from mice which had been additionally reconstituted with peritoneal cells and those which were not.
Concatenation and Species Tree Methods Exhibit Statistically Indistinguishable Accuracy under a Range of Simulated Conditions

Phylogeneticists have long understood that several biological processes can cause a gene tree to disagree with its species tree. In recent years, molecular phylogeneticists have increasingly foregone traditional supermatrix approaches in favor of species tree methods that account for one such source of error, incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). While gene tree-species tree discordance no doubt poses a significant challenge to phylogenetic inference with molecular data, researchers have only recently begun to systematically evaluate the relative accuracy of traditional and ILS-sensitive methods. Here, we report on simulations demonstrating that concatenation can perform as well or better than methods that attempt to account for sources of error introduced by ILS. Based on these and similar results from other researchers, we argue that concatenation remains a useful component of the phylogeneticist’s toolbox and highlight that phylogeneticists should continue to make explicit comparisons of results produced by contemporaneous and classical methods.
Glucuronidation and sulfation of 7-hydroxycoumarin in liver matrices from human, dog, monkey, rat, and mouse

SummaryUridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs) are 2 phase II enzymes that are actively involved in detoxification processes as well as in drug metabolism. Compared with cytochrome P450 enzymes, the role of UGTs and SULTs in drug metabolism has received little attention. Liver microsomes, S9 fractions, and cryopreserved hepatocytes from human, dog, cynomolgus monkey, mouse, and rat were used as matrices in the study. Single compound, 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC), along with necessary cofactors was dosed into the matrices and incubated at 37° C; formation of two metabolites, 7-HC-glucuronide and 7-HC-sulfate, was determined with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Within the same species, the UGTs activities in microsomes and S9 fractions were comparable. In addition, UGTs activities in cryopreserved hepatocytes were lower than in the other matrices. Also, the SULTs activities were much higher in S9 fractions than in cryopreserved hepatocytes and microsomes. Species differences on UGTs and SULTs activities were also observed. The results indicated that S9 fractions, microsomes, and cryopreserved hepatocytes might be useful for UGTs metabolism study, whereas S9 fractions appear to be the most appropriate matrix for both UGTs and SULTs metabolism. Species differences with respect to phase II metabolism also need to be taken into consideration when selecting an in vitro system to evaluate various aspects of drug metabolism.
Los pliegues cutáneos como predictores del porcentaje graso en futbolistas profesionales

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los pliegues cutaneos que mejor predicen el porcentaje de grasa de futbolistas profesionales Peruanos a partir de tres ecuaciones. Para lo cual, se estudiaron 136 futbolistas profesionales evaluandose el peso corporal (kg), la estatura (m) y los pliegues cutaneos (mm) tricipital, subescapular, suprailiaco, abdominal, muslo y pantorrilla. Los resultados fueron analizados a traves de la estadistica descriptiva de la media aritmetica (X) y desviacion estandar (DE) y la estadistica inferencial de regresion multiple StepWise (p<0,001). Los resultados senalan que el % de grasa corporal hallado por las tres ecuaciones sugieren que los pliegues cutaneos tricipital, subescapular, suprailiaco y abdominal, explican mejor el % de grasa en relacion a los pliegues del muslo y la pantorrilla media.
Human Body Impedance and Threshold Currents for Perception and Pain for Contact Hazard Analysis in the VLF-MF Band

The body impedance and threshold currents needed to produce sensations of perception and pain have been measured for 367 human subjects for the frequency range 10 kHz to 3 MHz. A sufficient number of subjects (197 male and 170 female subjects of ages between 18 and 70 years) were utilized in the study to make valid statistical predictions for the general adult population. Various types of contact with metallic electrodes were used to simulate the situation where a human being would be in contact with a large metallic object (car, van, school bus, etc.) in an electromagnetic field in the VLF to MF band. Based on these measurements, it is speculated that the body impedance of a human being is inversely proportional to the body dimensions and the threshold current for perception is directly proportional to the square of the body dimensions. Predictions are made, based on scaling, for the corresponding threshold values for ten-year-old children. The average measured impedance and threshold current values are used to calculate threshold electric fields required to produce sensations of perception and pain in humans in contact with these vehicles. It is concluded from these calculations that many situations can exist in which the present ANSI (American National Standards Institute) recommended standard of 632 V/m for the frequency band 0.3-3 MHz is too high.
Multi-objective random drift particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive grids

In this paper, we propose a multi-objective random drift particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive grids (MORDPSO-AG) to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Due to the good search performance of the RDPSO, the proposed algorithm can find more accurate Pareto optimal solutions quickly. However, like PSO and other population-based search techniques, the loss of diversity and premature convergence are inevitable. Therefore, we introduce the method of adaptive grids into RDPSO to maintain the swarm diversity. We adopt an external archive to reserve the found Pareto optimal solutions, and update the solutions based on adaptive grids. Besides, in order to make the lead particle guide the particle swarm to find the true Pareto optimal solutions, we select the leader particle by using roulette wheel method. Fianlly, we use four benchmark test functions to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence and solution distribution than the other tested methods.
A Method for the Numerical Solution of y' = f(x, y) Based on a Self-Adjusting Non-Polynomial Interpolant

in which the underlying interpolant is a rational function: this is in contrast with classical formulae which are, in general, based on polynomial approximation. With the formulae of [1], the solution of (1) is locally represented by an interpolant which can possess a simple pole, thus affording an improved numerical solution close to a singularity of the theoretical solution of (1). The present paper proposes formulae containing two parameters which control the nature of the basic interpolant; if it is necessary that the interpolant possess a singularity, then one of the parameters controls the position, and the other the nature of the singularity. The value of these parameters are automatically chosen, and revised, during the computation. Thus the method produces an algorithm based on a local interpolant which is automatically adjusted to suit the needs of the particular differential equation whose solution is sought. Various authors have suggested techniques for enabling numerical methods to cope with a specific known singularity. Krylov [2] discusses the problem in relation to quadrature, and Fox [3] refers to a similar situation in second-order ordinary differential equations. The methods proposed in the present paper do not require previous knowledge of the nature or position of the singularity: indeed, estimates for these quantities are provided by the algorithms.
Pastoralism or household herding ? Problems of scale and specialization in early Greek animal husbandry

Abstract Recent strategies of animal husbandry in Greece range from pastoralism to mixed farming. Pastoralists tend to keep larger herds, schedule grazing to enhance nutrition and productivity, and specialize in particular products for exchange. Each of these tendencies has implications for the species and age/sex composition of livestock which are amenable to archaeozoological investigation. Faunai assemblages from seventh‐second millennium BC Greece match small‐scale mixed farming better than large‐scale pastoralism. Written records from the second millennium BC palaces indicate large‐scale specialization in wool production, but as a component of mixed farming ‘estates’. In this heterogeneous landscape, pastoralism faces recurrent scarcity of labour, particularly if not subsidized by exchange with farmers. In questioning the existence of pastoralism in prehistoric Greece, this paper stresses the need to consider the full range of recent models of animal husbandry and suggests ways of harnessing archaeoz.
Distributed Beamforming with Sidelobe Control Using One Bit of Feedback

Distributed Beamforming (DBF) is a promising technique for energy-efficient uplink communications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It is based on the fact that, by synchronizing their carrier phases precisely enough, sensor nodes can collaboratively form a beampattern with a stable mainlobe. However, the sidelobes of such beampattern depend on the actual node locations, possibly causing unacceptable interference levels to other Base Stations. In this paper, we propose a DBF scheme with Sidelobe Control (SC) which maximizes the beamforming gain in the direction of main BS while keeping the sidelobe levels in the directions of the unintended BSs below some prescribed threshold(s). The proposed algorithm operates with partial CSI at the BSs and it merely requires each BS to broadcast one bit of feedback to the sensor nodes. Performance is mainly assessed in terms of the beamforming gain and convergence speed, as a function of the number of unintended BS, their location and the actual values of the thresholds. A centralized solution obtained via numerical optimization is used as a benchmark.
High-pressure x-ray scattering and computer simulation studies of density-induced polyamorphism in silicon

Wilson, M. , Wilding, M. C. , Daisenberger, D. , Machon, D. , Cabrera, R. Q. (2007). High-pressure x-ray scattering and computer simulation studies of density-induced polyamorphism in silicon. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 75 (22). Sponsorship: ESRF
O DESEMPENHO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE CONTABILIDADE NO EXAME DE SUFICIÊNCIA DO CFC: UMA ANÁLISE DE CONGLOMERADOS REGIONAIS

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as caracteristicas particulares de cada regiao do pais, no que diz respeito aos resultados apresentados nos exames de suficiencia do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC). Para tanto, foram considerados dados relativos ao desempenho dos candidatos em cada unidade federativa nas diferentes areas de conhecimento que compoem o exame de suficiencia. Os dados foram agrupados em dois momentos distintos: primeira fase do exame de suficiencia, entre os anos de 2000 a 2004; e segunda fase do exame de suficiencia, nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Esses dados foram analisados com aplicacao do metodo estatistico multivariado de analise de conglomerados. A comparacao dos resultados encontrados, principalmente em termos de composicao dos grupos, mostra-se essencial para uma avaliacao do desempenho desses profissionais no exame em cada uma das unidades federativas que compoem o Brasil. Alem disso, os resultados deste estudo se constituem como um diagnostico completo do desempenho no exame, apontando para areas de maior fragilidade no ensino e que, para tanto, carecem ser mais bem exploradas na formacao dos profissionais de Contabilidade.
A model for foetal growth and diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction

A model for foetal growth is developed and used to construct tools for diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction. Foetal weight estimates are first transformed to normally distributed z‐scores. The covariance structure over gestational ages is then estimated using a novel regression model. The diagnostic tools include individual growth curves with error bounds, probabilities to assess whether a foetus is small for its gestational age, and residual scores to determine whether current growth rates are unusual. The methods were developed sing data from 13593 ultrasound examinations involving 7888 oetal subjects. The model shows that median foetal growth elocity increases up to a gestational age of 35 weeks and then ecreases during the final weeks of pregnancy. When growth is xpressed as change in log weight, or equivalently as change oportional to current weight, the model reveals a constant celeration as gestational age increases from 14 to 42 weeks. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there genetic variation in mycorrhization of Medicago truncatula?

Differences in the plant’s response among ecotypes or accessions are often used to identify molecular markers for the respective process. In order to analyze genetic diversity of Medicago truncatula in respect to interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, mycorrhizal colonization was evaluated in 32 lines of the nested core collection representing the genetic diversity of the SARDI collection. All studied lines and the reference line Jemalong A17 were inoculated with R. irregularis and the mycorrhization rate was determined at three time points after inoculation. There were, however, no reliable and consistent differences in mycorrhization rates among all lines. To circumvent possible overlay of potential differences by use of the highly effective inoculum, native sandy soil was used in an independent experiment. Here, significant differences in mycorrhization rates among few of the lines were detectable, but the overall high variability in the mycorrhization rate hindered clear conclusions. To narrow down the number of lines to be tested in more detail, root system architecture (RSA) of in vitro-grown seedlings of all lines under two different phosphate (Pi) supply condition was determined in terms of primary root length and number of lateral roots. Under high Pi supply (100 µM), only minor differences were observed, whereas in response to Pi-limitation (3 µM) several lines exhibited a drastically changed number of lateral roots. Five lines showing the highest alterations or deviations in RSA were selected and inoculated with R. irregularis using two different Pi-fertilization regimes with either 13 mM or 3 mM Pi. Mycorrhization rate of these lines was checked in detail by molecular markers, such as transcript levels of RiTubulin and MtPT4. Under high phosphate supply, the ecotypes L000368 and L000555 exhibited slightly increased fungal colonization and more functional arbuscules, respectively. To address the question, whether capability for mycorrhizal colonization might be correlated to general invasion by microorganisms, selected lines were checked for infection by the root rot causing pathogen, Aphanoymces euteiches. The mycorrhizal colonization phenotype, however, did not correlate with the resistance phenotype upon infection with two strains of A. euteiches as L000368 showed partial resistance and L000555 exhibited high susceptibility as determined by quantification of A. euteiches rRNA within infected roots. Although there is genetic diversity in respect to pathogen infection, genetic diversity in mycorrhizal colonization of M. truncatula is rather low and it will be rather difficult to use it as a trait to access genetic markers.
Post‐operative analgesia using intermittent vs. continuous adductor canal block technique: a randomized controlled trial

Intermittent boluses for neural blockade provide better post‐operative analgesia when compared to continuous infusion. However, these techniques of administration have not yet been compared while performing adductor canal block (ACB). We compared intermittent vs. continuous ACB for managing post‐operative pain following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The primary endpoint was total morphine consumption for 24 h post‐operatively in both the groups. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of pain scores and opioid‐related side effects.
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein represses androgen receptor transactivation and interacts with p300

Functional inactivation of the tsg101 gene in mouse fibroblasts leads to cell transformation and the ability to form metastatic tumors in nude mice. Abnormal TSG101 transcripts with highly‐specific deletions in the protein‐coding region have been identified in human tumor samples and cancer cell lines, including prostate and breast carcinomas, and have been attributed to alternative splicing of TSG101 mRNA. The function of the TSG101 protein is not known, although its predicted sequence has suggested that it may function as a transcription factor.
Comparison of the Brain Volume in Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease Tremor Using an Automated Segmentation Method

Background: Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common neurological disorders in elderly people, and some features of ET and PD may overlap. Quantitative analysis of brain atrophy may be useful in differentiating neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the volumetric differences of subcortical structures in patients with ET and PD tremor using an automated segmentation method. Methods: Volumetric MRIs were obtained in 45 patients with ET, 45 patients with PD tremor, and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The volume of the different brain structures was measured by the automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer). Results: Volumetric data obtained with automated segmentation of cerebral regions showed a significant atrophy of the cerebellum in patients with ET. Cerebellar atrophy of ET patients was more significant in the white matter than in the grey matter, and it was noted only in patients with ET having a head tremor. No volumetric differences were found between the PD group and the control group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that volumetric differences in subcortical structures using whole brain segmentation method may help to differentiate ET from PD tremor.
Computed tomographic method of axial length measurement of emmetropic Indian eye a new technique.

This is a study of 50 orbital CT Scans in emmetropic adults in 'the neuro ocular plane. A technique is involved to measure the axial length of the eye using CT Scan. It was also tried in 20 new born infants. The measurements are compared with other techniques of axial length measurement.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with cyclosporin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor

A patient developed toxic epidermal necrolysis while on carbamazepine, 80% of her skin surface being involved. She also developed a pancytopenia with a neutropenia of 0.77×109 (normal range 27.5× 109/1), but was treated with cyclosporin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor and made a full recovery.
Rice insect pests and their natural enemies complex in different rice ecosystem of Cauvery command areas of Karnataka

Fixed plot survey carried out during Kharif season (August to December) 2013 for insect pests and natural enemies complex of paddy ecosystem in different location of Cauvery command areas of Mandya district (nearby Vishveshvaraiah canal farm, Mandya). Among the pests, yellow stem borer, plant hoppers, gall midge and leaf folder were very severe and in case of predators, mirids and spiders were most important natural enemies. The average yield loss in rice has been estimated 21-51 %. The population of yellow stem borer was significantly positively correlated to Hymenopterans, Odonata and Staphylinids, whereas BPH is positively correlated with mirids (r=+0.770**), spider spider (r=+440*), odonatan (r=+0.700**), coccinellids (r=+0.476*), carabids (r=+0.779**) and cicindelids (r=+0.417*). In the same way white backed plant hopper, skipper, caseworm, hispa, blue beetle & grass hopper recorded positive significant and positive non-significant with the predators and parasitoids.
Histopathological patterns of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sudan

Objectives: To determine the histopathological patterns of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sudanese patients. Methods: This is a cross sectional laboratory based descriptive study that included all tissue slides presented during the study period. The tissue blocks and the slides of 55 cases were collected and re-examined by the principal investigator. Results: Males represented 57.1% of the cases. The majority of lesions (81.6%) were found in the lower limbs. The major clinic-pathological feature was the acrallentiginus type (in 75.5%). Microscopy showed epithelioid cell type (61.2%), spindle cell type (32.7%), extremely bizarre cells (4.1%), and mixed cell types (spindle and epithelioid) in 2.0% of all cases. Conclusion: The histo-pathological features of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sudan are similar to previous findings in black people.
Error-Related Electrocortical Responses Are Enhanced in Children With Obsessive–Compulsive Behaviors

The error-related negativity (ERN or Ne) and positivity (Pe) are event-related potential components elicited during simple discrimination tasks after an error response. The ERN and Pe have a fronto-central scalp distribution and may be an indirect measure of anterior cingulate (AC) activity as it relates to performance monitoring. Brain imaging studies suggest that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with exaggerated activity of the AC while electrophysiological studies have found an association between OCD and pronounced ERNs in adults. The present study explored the relation between obsessive–compulsive behaviors, the ERN, and the Pe in a sample of nonclinical 10-year-old children. It was found that more parent-reported obsessive–compulsive behaviors were associated with larger ERN and Pe components in the children. Results suggest unique contributions of the ERN and Pe in predicting obsessive–compulsive behaviors.
Pupil Dilation as an Index of Learning

Physiological assessment of cognitive processes has become a topic of increased interest. The value of understanding and measuring brain function at work has the potential to improve performance. The emphasis of this paper is to discuss how pupil diameter can be applied to learning. The link between pupil diameter and task difficulty, or cognitive load, has been repeatedly demonstrated for the past 40 years. However there has been little work to date on measuring cognitive load during training or looking at how real time metrics of cognitive load could be used to adapt training. According to Cognitive Load Theory, cognitive load should be reduced as an individual learns a task and he/she relies more on long term memory than working memory. Ten participants completed a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle task in which they had to identify targets and report their direction of movement. There were three levels of increased difficulty. As expected, pupil diameter significantly dropped within each block as participants learned the task, and then increased again at the start of the next level of difficulty. The results suggest that pupil diameter may be a useful metric for assessing when an individual has transferred information into long term memory. Implications for how pupil diameter can be used to drive an adaptive training system are discussed.