Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF MILK POWDER MADE FROM THE MILK OF COW , GOAT AND CAMEL

A completely randomized experiment was used to assess the physicochemical properties of milk powder produced from the milk of camels, cows and goats raised in farms around Khartoum state. Collected milk samples were transferred immediately to the Industrial Research and Consultancy Center, filtered and divided into two unequal portions. The small portion was refrigerated and used for later analysis; the other portion of the milk was concentrated to 45 – 50% total solids and dried in a spray drier. The proximate composition lactose, total solid, pH, titratable acidity, specific gravity and sensory evaluation were determined in both fresh milk and the milk powder made from it. In addition solubility index, peroxide value (PV) and yield were determined in milk powder samples. Proximate composition results indicated that species had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on protein, fat, moisture, ash, total solid and specific gravity. The titratable acidity of camels milk was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of goat’s and cow’s fresh milk. The highest (P ≤ 0.05) and the lowest (P ≤ 0.05) lactose content were found in the goat and camel milk respectively. The same trend continue for the proximate analysis of milk powder obtained from the three
Chicken & Egg: Competition Among Intermediation Service Providers

We analyze a model of imperfect price competition between intermediation service providers. We insist on features that are relevant for informational intermediation via the Internet: the presence of indirect network externalities, the possibility of using the nonexclusive services of several intermediaries, and the widespread practice of price discrimination based on users' identity and on usage. Efficient market structures emerge in equilibrium, as well as some specific form of inefficient structures. Intermediaries have incentives to propose non-exclusive services, as this moderates competition and allows them to exert market power. We analyze in detail the pricing and business strategies followed by intermediation services providers. Copyright 2003 by the RAND Corporation.
8th Grade Student’s Skill of Connecting Mathematics to Real Life

The purpose of this study is to examine 8 th grade students’ skills of connecting mathematics to real life. This study uses survey design since it aims to determine existing situations regarding to students’ skills of connecting mathematics to real life. The study sample consists of 176 students in total, who are studying at a state school in the Etimesgut district of Ankara in the second semester of 2016-2017 academic year. “Connecting mathematics to real life scale” which is developed by the researchers, used as the data collection tool of this study. In this scale, students are provided with real life situations and then asked to connect these situations with mathematical concepts. During the data analysis, the responses of students examined in detail and subsequently general categories (levels) which identify students’ mathematical connection skill, were created and consequently four levels of connecting (Level 1, 2, 3 and 4) were defined. Study findings are showed that, participating 8 th grade students’ skill of connecting mathematics to real life is not in sufficient level. It is observed that, most of the students can only connect mathematics in real life with numbers and shapes.
Influence of depredating cetaceans on albatross attraction and attendance patterns at fishing boats

Human fisheries inadvertently attract and provide food for a range of wild organisms worldwide with important ecological consequences. Some animals directly feed on human catch (‘depredators’, e.g. killer whales), causing economical losses and calling for wildlife management. However the impact of depredation (and its potential management) on the behaviour of the other scavengers attracted to vessels (e.g. seabirds) is unknown. We examined how the fine-scale behavioural response of wandering albatrosses to a toothfish longline fleet was influenced by the presence of depredating killer and/or sperm whales. We hypothesized that the presence of depredating whales might facilitate detection of and/or access to food at fishing vessels for surface-feeding albatrosses. We used seabird GPS tracking together with a vessel monitoring system (GPS vessel tracking) coupled with systematic onboard records of depredator numbers during 3 fishing seasons. We found that when albatrosses ‘encountered’ vessels (n = 254), they had the same probability to start attending vessels whether or not cetaceans were present. However, once attracted, they attended the vessel longer when depredators were present. We conclude that birds are attracted to vessels independently of the presence of cetaceans, but that depredating whales probably facilitate access to food for surface-feeding birds such as the wandering albatross. Scavenging behaviour of seabirds does not appear to be strongly dependent on the presence of depredating cetaceans and is likely minimally affected by changes in cetacean behaviour. This type of data is rare and we discuss how these results for wandering albatrosses could be generalized for other seabird species.
Clopidogrel-related platelet inhibition: correlation with peri-operative adverse events in neurointerventional procedures

INTRODUCTION: The measurement of platelet inhibition (PI) level may be useful in quantifying the risk of thromboembolic complication in subjects undergoing endovascular treatment using implantable materials. We studied the predictability of the VerifyNow point-of-care assay in a large sample of consecutive neurointerventional procedures. METHODS: The percentage of P2Y12-inhibition was systematically measured in a total of 271 procedures (245 patients). The incidence of poor response and adverse events within the first 48 hours were recorded. RESULTS: The overall occurrence of poor response after a single loading-dose of clopidogrel of 300 mg was 61.3 % using a cut-off of 40 % and 43.9 % using a cut-off of 20 %. In the analysis of the incidence of adverse events by P2Y12-inhibition grouping, a significant association was observed between thromboembolic events and low response, with an overall incidence of 10.2 % (cutoff of 40 %) and 11.8 % (cut-off of 20 %). The assessment of predictability using different cut-offs showed that more than 90 % of thromboembolic events would be in the group of poor responders using a 40 % cutoff and more than 75 % using 20 %. CONCLUSION: The use of the VerifyNow assay in the neurointerventional context seems a valuable tool in the early detection of individuals at risk of perioperative thromboembolic adverse events.
Performance analysis for flat plate collector with and without porous media

The present work involves a theor etical study to investigate the effect of mass flow rate, flow channel depth and collector length on the system thermal performance and pressure drop through the collector with and without porous medium. The solution procedure is performed for flat plate collector in single and double flow mode. The analysis of the results at the same configuration and parameters shows that the system thermal efficiency increases by 10-12% in double flow mode than single flow due to the increased of heat removal, and increase by 8% after using porous medium in the lower channel as a result of the increase of heat transfer area. At the same time the pressure dr op will be increased. All collectors show improved efficiency obtained when the collector operates at r elatively high flow rates, and at relatively low collector temperature rise since the collector losses will be less in low temperature difference.
Intrarow Plant Spacing and Family by Environment Interaction Effects on Sugarcane Cross Evaluation.

Progeny testing is practiced to select the best crosses (families) prior to individual plant selection and to guide decisions relative to hybridizing and seedling planting in many crops including sugarcane (Sacchamm sp. hyb.). Research to optimize the progeny testing methodology examined its effectiveness relative to family, within family, environment, replication, and intrarow plant spacing. Variance-component analysis indicated that family by environment (locations, years) interaction was a minor inhibitor of selection effectiveness. Within-family variance was the largest source of variation for the five traits considered. For stalk weight, stalk length, and stalk diameter, a small majority of this variance was due to genetic within-family plant-to-plant variation. Partitioning genetic from environmental plant-to-plant variation for plant weight and stalks per plant was not possible. Family by spacing interaction was not important. Genetic correlations of family means of the same trait at different spacings essentially equaled unity. Response to selection estimates indicated family selection among wider spaced families (82 cm between plants) was up to 31% more effective than family selection using narrow plant spacing (41 cm between plants). Since family by environment variances were minor compared to other sources of variation, effectiveness of testing was mostly a function of plant number and spacing. Replication across environments only marginally improved selection effectiveness. Predicted family gain demonstrated a 20 to 31% increase in selection effectiveness by using wider plant spacing. Repeatability values were higher in wide than in narrow spaced families. Stalk number was the least repeatable trait. Genetic mechanisms acting upon plant weight and
The Development of Tomato Root System in Relation to the Carbohydrate Status of the Whole Plant

The decrease in growth rate of the root system or complete cessation of its growth in developed, fruit-bearing tomato plants are known phenomena. It has been suggested that a limited supply of carbohydrates to this organ, due to its relative weakness in competition with the flowers and developing fruitlets is the main cause for these disorders. This theory was tested in the present study with plants grown in an aerohydroponic system up to the appearance of 12‐13 trusses per plant, 172 d after transplanting. The changes in the contents of carbohydrates in the various organs during this period were monitored. The concentrations of soluble sugars and starch in the leaves increased with the increase in truss number. The upper stem was found to contain more carbohydrates than the lower stem, while no significant changes in the concentration of these compounds could be detected in the roots throughout the experiment. Nevertheless, 120‐130 d after transplanting, the roots of the plants, bearing five to six trusses and two to three inflorescences, ceased growing and remained at the same or a slightly reduced size for another 40‐50 d. Calculations show that at the stage of five to six trusses, 38 g total soluble sugars and 35 g starch were stored in the vegetative organs. Therefore, it seems unlikely that carbon deficiency caused by the competition with the reproductive organs (mainly developing fruits), aected the root growth. Instead, it is suggested that some other factor is responsible. # 1997 Annals of Botany Company
Why is Old Workers' Labor Market More Volatile? Unemployment Fluctuations Over the Life-Cycle

Since the last recession, it is usually argued that older workers are less affected by the economic downturn because their unemployment rate rose less than the one of prime-age workers. This view is a myth: older workers are more sensitive to the business cycle. We document volatilities of worker flows and hourly wage across age groups on CPS data. We find that old worker's job flows are characterized by a higher responsiveness to business cycles than their younger counterparts. In contrast, their wage cyclicality is lower than prime-age workers'. Beyond this empirical contribution, we show that a life-cycle Mortensen & Pissarides (1994) model is well suited to explain these facts: older workers' shorter work-life expectancy endogenously reduces their outside options and leads their wages to be less sensitive to the business cycle. Thus, in a market where wage adjustments are small, quantities vary a lot: this is the case for older workers, whereas the youngest behave like infinitively-lived agents. Our theoretical results point out that Shimer (2005)'s view on the MP model is consistent with prime-age workers' labor market while aging endogenously introduces real wage rigidities, allowing to match what we observe for old workers, without specific assumptions as in Hagendorn & Manovskii (2008).
Application of Response Surface Method in Optimization of Medium Composition for Xylanase Production by Bacillus halodurans CM 1 in Submerged Fermentation

application of chlorine in bleaching process of the pulp. The used of chlorine in the bleaching process not only affects the waste water released into the environment but also the final paper products. Indonesia is one of the top ten pulp producer countries using chemical pulp production method (Popp et al. 2011). Chemical processes in the pulp and paper industries are generally done at high temperature and pH, especially in the kraft pulping process, the process of sulfate and chlorine bleaching process. Recently, demand of elemental chlorine free (ECF) or totally chlorine free (TCF) in the world market of paper product has dramatically increased in the last decade. In order to fulfill the market demand, utilization of biotechnology might can be done by the application biobleaching (Bajpai et al. 1999). Biobleaching is the process of bleaching the pulp using xylanase (Buchert et al. 1994; Da Silva et al. 1994). The use of xylanase can give a good impact on the environment which replaces or reduces the amount of chlorine used in the bleaching process of pulp. Enzymes are biocatalysts that can speed up a chemical reaction without changing its structure. It is also widely used in industry as an alternative to the use of chemicals that pollute the environment. Application of thermoalkalophilic xylanase in pulp and paper process has been studied extensively since the last two decades (Buchert et al. 1994; Kulkarni et al 1996; Zheng et al. 2000; Oakley et al. 2002; Ibarra et al. 2010; Paes et al. 2012). Xylanase is an extracellular enzyme that can hydrolyze xylan (hemicellulose) into short chain xylooligosaccharide (Kulkarni et al.1999). According to Kulkarni et al. (1999) in the process of bleaching paper (pulp) requires a temperature of 80°C with a pH Vol.10, No.3, September 2016, p 112-117 DOI: 10.5454/mi.10. 3.5
Temporal Dynamics of the Geographic Differentiation of Late Devonian Palmatolepis Assemblages in the Prototethys

Throughout their history, species had to face environmental variations spatially and temporally. How both levels of variation interact will be of key importance in conditioning their response to major perturbations. We addressed this question by focusing on a period in Earth's history marked by dramatic environmental and faunal changes, the Late Devonian Frasnian/Famennian boundary. From a paleogeographic point of view, this period is characterized by a cosmopolitanism of the faunas across a large ocean, the Prototethys. We considered the biotic reaction at a seldom considered scale, namely within a single subgenus of conodont, Palmatulepis (Manticolepis). Patterns of spatial and temporal differentiation were quantified using morphometrics of its platform element. The recognized cosmopolitanism of the faunas was confirmed at this scale of variation since temporal records gathered in distant areas around the Prototethys, including the seldom documented regions located nowadays in South-East Asia, displayed similar morphological trends in response to the major F/F crisis. Beyond this overall cosmopolitanism, subtle geographic structure was evidenced but was not stable through time. Geographic differentiation was maximal shortly before the F/F crisis, suggesting that despite high sea-level, tectonics leaded to complex submarine landscapes promoting differentiation. In contrast any geographic structure was swamped out after the crisis, possibly due to a global recolonization from few favorable patches.
Evaluation of Neem Dust Formulations for the Control of Sorghum Stemborers in the Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria

Sorghum stemborer species remains key yield limiting factor for sorghum production in the Nigerian semi-arid region. When they can afford, farmers rely almost solely on synthetic insecticides for control. Owing to the misuse and environmental and health challenges attributed to the use of synthetic insecticides, a two-year field study was carried out at the University of Maiduguri Research Farm to evaluate the efficacy of various neem dust formulations for the control of Sorghum stemborers. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design and various neem dust formulations were compared with carbaryl dust and the control (untreated). All the insecticide treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced stalk and peduncle damage caused by stemborers with a resultant increase in grain yield when compared with the control. Neem Kernel Powder (NKP) + Finesand proved more superior in efficacy than all the other insecticide treatments in checking stemborer damage.
Root-associated microbial communities of different strawberry cultivars as influenced by soil type, Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and biofumigation

Rhizosphere microorganisms and their interactions with plant roots play pivotal roles in controlling plant nutrition and health. Extremely high levels of soil microbial diversity, coupled with low levels of cultivability, complicate the study of these organisms but better mechanistic understanding of their interactions with each other and with plant roots is a prerequisite for development of sustainable management strategies to improve nutrient acquisition and control pathogens. This thesis describes different experiments designed to investigate how the community structure of fungi associated with rhizosphere soils and roots of strawberry plants are influenced by different soil types, different plant cultivars, the presence or absence of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae and biofumigation using plant residues of oilseed radish Raphanus sativus oleifera. In an outdoor pot experiment, using cloning and Sanger sequencing, the community composition and overall levels of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi appeared to be more strongly influenced by soil type than by different strawberry cultivars. In a similar experiment the effects of inoculation with Verticillium dahliae on the total fungal community structure were analyzed using high throughput 454-pyrosequencing. The inoculation with V. dahliae resulted in significant reduction in the numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with rhizosphere soil of four cultivars grown in a conventionally managed soil, but in an organically managed soil, no significant effects in two cultivars, and a large increase in numbers of OTUs in Florence, a tolerant cultivar. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of rhizosphere communities in a less diverse peat-based soil revealed distinct clusters associated with Verticillium and non-Verticillium treatments but this effect was not visible in two more diverse field soils. A third study of fungal communities associated with biofumigation treatments in a field soil, using 454 pyrosequencing, indicated significantly increased numbers of OTUs associated with biofumigation and Verticillium-inoculation in the absence of strawberry plants, suggesting a green-manuring effect of oilseed radish incorporation. Biofumigation did not affect total OTUs in the presence of strawberry plants but NMDS analysis showed a clear effect of all treatments on community structure. Complementary analyses of changes in bacterial community structure in the same experiments are in progress and will hopefully shed more light on possible functional interactions underlying treatment effects and enable construction of hypotheses that can be tested in further experiments.
Site‐Response Study of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) for the 4 July 1978 M 5.1 Aftershock of the June 1978 M 6.5 Sequence Using a 3D Finite‐Difference Approach

The 3D wave-propagation characteristics of the 4 July 1978 aftershock (M 5.1) of the 20 June 1978 strong mainshock (M 6.5) that struck the city of Thessaloniki are studied using a 3D finite-difference approach. Synthetics are esti- mated for a dense grid of receivers and compared with available accelerograms from soft-soil sites in the city of Thessaloniki, exhibiting a good agreement both in time and frequency domain for the frequency band studied (0.7-3 Hz). Moreover, the spatial distribution of various measures of ground motion (peak values, spectral values) is used for the quantitative study of site effects in the broader city area. Comparisons show that the coastal zone, including the city harbor and large areas of the eastern parts of the city, exhibit high values of ground motion (and significant site amplifications), in good qualitative correlation with the observed damage distribution of the main- shock of the 1978 seismic sequence. Finally, the 3D synthetics are compared with available 2D simulations, as well as amplifications derived from macroseismic infor- mation for three typical cross sections spanning the urban area of the city. The com- parisons confirm the strong spatial variability of ground motion throughout the Thessaloniki area, as well as the superiority of 3D modeling of actual recordings against previous modeling attempts. These results verify the practical usefulness of 3D wave-propagation tools for hazard mitigation, especially of specific target events, in complex geometry sedimentary basins such as the Thessaloniki area.
GENETIC VARIATION IN RELATIVE CELL INJURY FOR BREEDING UPLAND COTTON UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS

The objective of present study was to examine the presence of variation in relative cell injury percentage (RCI%), as a measure of heat tolerance in sample of G. hirsutum germplasm and also to investigate genetic basis, if any, of RCI% under heat stress. For this purpose, response of 70 cotton varieties/lines was studies to optimum and high temperature, and RCI% was measured at reproductive stage. Data showed differing responses of the germplasm to the two temperature regimes. On the basis of similarities MNH 552, FH 100 and NIAB 111 were screened out as tolerant whilst Cedix ST-362 (GL), LRA 5166 and 4F were identified as susceptible varieties. Three sets of crosses involving tolerant × susceptible varieties were made according to generation mean technique. Six generations of each cross was field planted under optimum and high temperature and at reproductive stage RCI% was again measured. Genetic analysis of the data showed the predominant effect of additive component in the inheritance of RCI% under both the temperature regimes and consequently estimates of h2ns were high in three crosses. These estimates were used to calculate response to selection in F3 population that appear to be encouraging. The results of present investigation suggest that RCI% could be used as effective selection criteria for selecting the plants with lower value of RCI%.