Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional risk in a nonstationary climate: Joint probability of increasingly severe warm and dry conditions

New framework reveals global warming’s impact on risk that multiple regions experience hot and dry conditions simultaneously. We present a framework for quantifying the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of climate stresses in a nonstationary climate. We find that, globally, anthropogenic climate forcing has doubled the joint probability of years that are both warm and dry in the same location (relative to the 1961–1990 baseline). In addition, the joint probability that key crop and pasture regions simultaneously experience severely warm conditions in conjunction with dry years has also increased, including high statistical confidence that human influence has increased the probability of previously unprecedented co-occurring combinations. Further, we find that ambitious emissions mitigation, such as that in the United Nations Paris Agreement, substantially curbs increases in the probability that extremely hot years co-occur with low precipitation simultaneously in multiple regions. Our methodology can be applied to other climate variables, providing critical insight for a number of sectors that are accustomed to deploying resources based on historical probabilities.
Surveillance, Security and Violence in a Mental Health Ward: An Ethnographic Case-Study of a Purpose-Built Unit in Australia

This paper discusses the potential relationship between surveillance techniques, the enactment of security measures, and patient violence in mental health wards. The paper draws upon data from an ethnographic study conducted in a purpose-built mental health unit containing two wards (one locked and one open) in South Australia, and argues that acts of violence observed in the unit were typically preceded by an incident within the unit that was related to the implementation of security measures aimed at controlling non-compliant behaviours. The paper argues that if a relationship between security measures and violence does exist in mental health wards, then close attention must be paid to the ways in which forms of surveillance may arguably exacerbate, rather than prevent, the need for security measures.
Assessment of Risk, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change by the Health Sector in Madagascar

Madagascar is cited as one of the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change, with significant impacts to the health of its population. In this study, the vulnerability of Madagascar’s health sector to climate change was assessed and appropriate adaptation measures were identified. In order to assess climate risks, vulnerability and identify adaptation options, the Madagascar Ministry of Public Health as well as the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service worked in close collaboration with a team of local experts to conduct a literature review, field surveys, and analyses of current and future climate and health trends. Four climate-sensitive diseases of primary concern are described in the study: acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. Baseline conditions of these four diseases from 2000 to 2014 show acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases are increasing in incidence; while incidence of malnutrition and malaria decreased over this period. To assess future impacts in Madagascar, this baseline information was used with climate projections for the two scenarios—RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5—for the periods 2016–2035, 2036–2070 and 2071–2100. Future climate conditions are shown to exacerbate and increase the incidence of all four climate sensitive diseases. Further analysis of the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to the climate hazards suggests that the health sector in four regions of Madagascar is particularly vulnerable. The study recommends adaptation measures to improve the monitoring and early warning systems for climate sensitive diseases, as well as to reduce population vulnerability.
Speaker Identification in Low-Rate Coded Speech

While useful speech communication systems must be intelligible, most systems aim to transmit secondary information, such as attributes of a speaker's voice, as well. This secondary information can allow a listener to identify the speaker and his emotional state. Testing speech communications systems for the delivery of intelligible speech is common, but testing for human perception of the delivery of this secondary information is less common, though some prior work has been done. Building on this prior work, we describe the design, implementation, analysis and results of a new listening experiment that characterizes the listener identification of six different speakers using six different low-rate digital speech communication systems. We display these experimental results along with results from our prior work to quantify listener detection of dramatized speaker urgency and word intelligibility in sentence context for the same six speech communication systems. We conclude that the speaker identification task used in this experiment is about three times more robust to communication system degradations than word intelligibility in sentence context. Slide show presented at ETSI Workshop on Effects of Transmission Performance on Multimedia QoS.
On the Design of Broad-Based Neuropsychological Test Batteries to Assess the Cognitive Abilities of Individuals with Down Syndrome in the Context of Clinical Trials

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetically-defined cause of intellectual disability. Neurodevelopmental deficits displayed by individuals with DS are generally global, however, disproportionate deficits in cognitive processes that depend heavily on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are also well documented. Additionally, DS is associated with relative strengths in visual processing and visuospatial short-term memory, and weaknesses in the verbal domain. Although reports of pharmacological rescuing of learning and memory deficits in mouse models of DS abound in the literature, proving the principle that cognitive ability of persons with DS can be boosted through pharmacological means is still an elusive goal. The design of customized batteries of neuropsychological efficacy outcome measures is essential for the successful implementation of clinical trials of potential cognitive enhancing strategies. Here, we review the neurocognitive phenotype of individuals with DS and major broad-based test batteries designed to quantify specific cognitive domains in these individuals, including the one used in a pilot trial of the drug memantine. The main goal is to illustrate the essential considerations in planning trials to enhance cognitive functions in individuals with DS, which should also have implications for the design of similar studies in individuals with other forms of intellectual disability.
USP28 contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer

USP28, a member of the deubiquitinating enzymes family, plays a vital role in the physiological process of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, DNA repair, immune response, and stress response. USP28 has been reported to be overexpressed in bladder cancer, colon cancer, breast carcinomas, and so on. Nevertheless, the role of USP28 in gastric cancer has not yet been investigated. In our study, we examined the USP28 expression in 87 paired samples of gastric cancer and normal gastric tissues. We found that USP28 was overexpressed in gastric cancer compared with normal gastric tissues (P < 0.01), and its overexpression was related to the degree of differentiation and metastases. Inhibiting USP28 expression in vitro suppressed the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells by downregulating lysine specific demethylase 1. On the basis of our data, it can be concluded that USP28 may be a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Essays on M&AS and Innovation

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Talking with Children whose Parents Experience Mental Illness

This section focuses on the need to talk and discuss with children whose parents suffer from mental illness. It also provides an insight into the role of the childcare professionals to identify parents with mental illness, recognise their support needs and acknowledge the needs of their children, and how this can help in the overall development of such children.
Imprint cytology of strumal carcinoid of the ovary: A case report with immunocytochemical analysis

Strumal carcinoid is a rare ovarian tumor defined as carcinoid associated with struma ovarii. We report here the second cytological case of strumal carcinoid and performed immunocytochemical analysis for the first time. A 68‐year‐old Japanese female was found to have a solid tumor with small cystic components in the left ovary, and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. The Papanicolaou smear of the imprint cytological specimen of the left ovarian tumor revealed presence of two distinct components. The first component included thyroid follicles, which was composed of flat sheets of polygonal epithelial cells without nuclear groove and intranuclear inclusion. The other component was composed of trabecular clusters of columnar cells containing round to slender nuclei with “salt and pepper” chromatin. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that synaptophysin was expressed in the latter component. Therefore, a cytodiagnosis of strumal carcinoid was made. Histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of strumal carcinoid. Albeit rare, carcinoid tumor occurs in the ovary, and the recognition of characteristic nuclear features and cellular arrangement leads to correct cytodiagnosis. Presence of struma ovarii component suggests an ovarian origin. Moreover, immunocytochemical analysis for neuroendocrine markers aids its differential diagnosis from granulosa cell tumor and carcinoma arising from struma ovarii.
Challenges and prospects for school based mentoring in the professional development of student teachers in Zimbabwe: Academics, mentees and mentors perceptions

In this qualitative study we sought to establish the usefulness of school based mentoring in the professional development of student teachers in Zimbabwe using schools in Masvingo urban as case studies. The central question guiding us in this study focuses on what student teachers and their mentors felt towards the current school based student teachers practicum supervision. Many contemporary authorities believe that an effective teacher training programme can be ensured when both the school and the college (department of teacher’s training) work in tandem. They argue that whereas the college plays a leading role during the days of classroom-based theory exposition, this leading role is subsequently ceded to the field or school-based mentor. In the college, students are fed with theoretical concepts of the teaching and learning process. But these theories mean nothing if they do not guide practice. How then can we ensure that theories guide practice? In this study, most participants felt that both the college lecturer and an experienced and knowledgeable person in the school compound should supervise students on teaching practice.
Translational studies of alcoholism: bridging the gap.

Human studies are necessary to identify and classify the brain systems predisposing individuals to develop alcohol use disorders and those modified by alcohol, while animal models of alcoholism are essential for a mechanistic understanding of how chronic voluntary alcohol consumption becomes compulsive, how brain systems become damaged, and how damage resolves. Our current knowledge of the neuroscience of alcohol dependence has evolved from the interchange of information gathered from both human alcoholics and animal models of alcoholism. Together, studies in humans and animal models have provided support for the involvement of specific brain structures over the course of alcohol addiction, including the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.
Short Report: Students’ perception of different teaching aids in a medical college

Medical teachers have conventionally been using different teaching methods to educate medical students previously dominated by blackboard and slide projectors. More recently audiovisual aids such as videotapes and multimedia have been introduced. Critics of multimedia feel that it is expensive, too time consuming, and isn’t worth the time and effort.1 A learner’s learning style, whether visual, auditory or kinesthetic, is usually resistant to change.2 Hence it is likely that mismatches exist between the learning styles of medical students and the teaching styles of medical teachers. This study was undertaken to determine 2nd-year medical student teaching-aid preferences during classroom instruction in a medical college in India.
Dynamic Contrast–Enhanced MRI of OATP Dysfunction in Diabetes

Diabetes is associated with hepatic metabolic dysfunction predisposing patients to drug-induced liver injury. Mouse models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have dramatically reduced expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A1, a transporter expressed in hepatocytes and in the kidneys. The effects of diabetes on OATP1B2 expression are less studied and less consistent. OATP1A1 and OATP1B2 both transport endogenous substrates such as bile acids and hormone conjugates as well as numerous drugs including gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA). As master pharmacokinetic regulators, the altered expression of OATPs in diabetes could have a profound and clinically significant influence on drug therapies. Here, we report a method to noninvasively measure OATP activity in T2D mice by quantifying the transport of hepatobiliary-specific gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) within the liver and kidneys using dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). By comparing GBCA uptake in control and OATP knockout mice, we confirmed liver clearance of the hepatobiliary-specific GBCAs, Gd-EOB-DTPA, and gadobenate dimeglumine, primarily though OATP transporters. Then, we measured a reduction in the hepatic uptake of these hepatobiliary GBCAs in T2D ob/ob mice, which mirrored significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression of OATP1A1 and OATP1B2. As these GBCAs are U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved agents and DCE-MRI is a standard clinical protocol, studies to determine OATP1B1/1B3 deficiencies in human individuals with diabetes can be easily envisioned.
PREVENTIVE MENTAL HEALTH AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVING SCHOOL OUTCOMES AMONG YOUTH: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW

Researchers, policy makers, and educators continuously seek new avenues to enhance the academic achievement of children and adolescents. This goal is particularly pressing among youth from low-income, urban backgrounds, who are at increased risk for school failure (Aud, Wilkinson-Flicker, Kristapovich, Rathbun, Wang, et al., 2011). Taking a more holistic approach to understanding academic achievement, burgeoning research has begun to focus on the mental health of the child. Preventive mental health (PMH) is a theoretically sound and effective means of reducing the incidence of mental illness among youth from varying levels of risk (Durlak & Wells, 1997; 1998; Greenberg, Domitrovich, Bumbarger, 2000). The link between mental health outcomes and educational outcomes is well documented, such that reduced symptomatology is associated with better school outcomes for youth. The current investigation sought to metaanalyze PMH programs to determine whether these programs positively affect school outcomes among youth and to identify important study moderators. The current investigation closely reviewed 142 studies yielded from search criteria and included a total of 35 studies with 46 independent samples in the meta-analysis. Results across 46 independent samples of universal, selected, and indicated PMH interventions yielded a small but significant effect size (Hedge’s g = .202). Proposed categorical and continuous moderators were not found to moderate program outcomes. The high variability in program approaches and measurement of school outcomes is implicated as a possible explanation for lack of significant moderators. This meta-analysis adds to the growing body of
Health-seeking pathway and factors leading to delays in tuberculosis diagnosis in West Pokot County, Kenya: A grounded theory study

Background Patients’ health-seeking behaviour can lead to delays in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, however little is known about the experiences and treatment pathways of patients diagnosed with TB in Kenya. The aim of this study is to explore the health seeking practices and factors contributing to delay in TB diagnosis. Methods This study was based on explorative qualitative research using a constructivist grounded theory approach. A total of 61 TB patients in the intensive phase of treatment were recruited as informants in the study. Six focus group discussions and 15 in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed through three step coding using the grounded theory approach. Results Participants adopted different treatment pathways as they sought care from a pluralistic health care system involving traditional healers, herbalists, private clinic, drug shops and the public health sector. The study revealed an explanatory model of factors leading to delay illustrated by the participant’s expression “I suffered for a long time. ” The model is comprised of three categories that lead to delays, namely individual, social-cultural and structural factors. Conclusion There is a need to improve timely diagnosis of TB through innovative approaches such as intensive case finding. Similarly, the health-care system should decentralize TB services as much as possible and offer free diagnostic services to increase accessibility.
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of vitreous specimens does not contribute to diagnosis of lymphoma without supporting morphologic features

Diagnostic vitrectomy with flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) is being increasingly used as part of screening for diagnostically challenging cases. We aim to evaluate the utility of combined cytopathology and FCI in diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. We also aim to evaluate cytologic features that could potentially predict FCI outcomes. This study provides clearer indications for use of FCI in diagnostic vitrectomy.
Home and family: creating the domestic sphere

What really happens inside the home is something about which most people in fact know very little. The chapters in Home and Family open up the home and shed much new light on its place in people's lives. The contributors to the book emphasise that the creation of the home is an active process which is an integral part of people's family projects. In emphasising issues to do with gender, class and age, the book highlights the variety of meanings that the home has in modern society
Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention

Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd disability in america toward a national agenda for prevention will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this disability in america toward a national agenda for prevention, what you will obtain is something great.
Reduced quality of life and greater psychological distress in vasovagal syncope patients compared to healthy individuals

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) patients have a reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). There are limited data comparing HRQoL and psychological profile in VVS patients and healthy individuals. We tested the hypothesis that VVS patients have greater impairment in both HRQoL and psychological profile compared to healthy nonfainting individuals, and that both outcome measures are negatively correlated for VVS patients.
A multicentre Study of Nutrition Risk Assessment in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Attending Outpatient Clinics

Background: Overnutrition and undernutrition can affect patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although all IBD outpatients should be screened for nutrition risk, screening is not routinely performed, potentially leading to reduced identification and treatment. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of nutrition risk in adult IBD outpatients and the proportion of cases who discussed diet and/or nutrition during their routine clinical appointment. Methods: Adults with IBD attending outpatient clinics at 4 hospitals in Greece and in UK were recruited. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected using face-to-face patient interviews and clinical records. Patients were classified as high (i.e., body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 or 18.5–20 kg/m2 and weight loss > 5%), moderate (i.e., BMI 20–25 kg/m2 and weight loss > 5%) or low risk of undernutrition and high risk of obesity (i.e., BMI 25–30% and weight gain > 5%). The proportion of patients who discussed diet and/or nutrition during their clinical appointment was calculated. Results: In total, 390 IBD patients participated. Sixteen (4%) patients were underweight, 113 (29%) were overweight and 71 (18%) were obese. Twenty-one (5%) patients were at high risk of undernutrition; of these 4 (19%) were under dietetic care. Of those at high risk of undernutrition, 11 (52%) had discussed diet and/or nutrition during their routine clinical appointment. Fifty-six (14%) patients had gained more than 5% weight since their last recorded/reported weight and 19 (5%) were at high risk of obesity. Conclusions: Few patients were identified to be at high risk of undernutrition and less than a fifth of these were under dietetic care. Overnutrition is a growing problem in IBD with almost half of adult patients being overweight or obese. Diet and/or nutrition were not routinely discussed in this group of IBD outpatients.
Evaluation of Radiolabeled Girentuximab In Vitro and In Vivo

Girentuximab (cG250) targets carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a protein which is expressed on the surface of most renal cancer cells (RCCs). cG250 labeled with 177Lu has been used in clinical trials for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of RCCs. In this work, an extensive characterization of the immunoconjugates allowed optimization of the labeling conditions with 177Lu while maintaining immunoreactivity of cG250, which was then investigated in in vitro and in vivo experiments. cG250 was conjugated with S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA(SCN)) by using incubation times between 30 and 90 min and characterized by mass spectrometry. Immunoconjugates with five to ten DOTA(SCN) molecules per cG250 molecule were obtained. Conjugates with ratios less than six DOTA(SCN)/cG250 had higher in vitro antigen affinity, both pre- and postlabeling with 177Lu. Radiochemical stability increased, in the presence of sodium ascorbate, which prevents radiolysis. The immunoreactivity of the radiolabeled cG250 tested by specific binding to SK-RC-52 cells decreased when the DOTA content per conjugate increased. The in vivo tumor uptake was < 10% ID/g and independent of the total amount of protein in the range between 5 and 100 µg cG250 per animal. Low tumor uptake was found to be due to significant necrotic areas and heterogeneous CAIX expression. In addition, low vascularity indicated relatively poor accessibility of the CAIX target.