Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does a soft glassy material flow: finite size effects, non local rheology, and flow cooperativity

In this paper, we investigate the rheological behavior of jammed emulsions in microchannels on the basis of microvelocimetry techniques. We demonstrate that velocity profiles in this confined geometry cannot be accounted for by the bulk - Herschel-Bulkley - rheological flow curve measured independently in a rheometer. A strong dependence of the flow behavior on the confinement, pressure drop and surface roughness is evidenced, which cannot be described by classical rheological descriptions. We show that these behaviors can be rationalized on the basis of a non local rheological model, introducing the notion of local fluidity as a key rheological quantity. The model reproduces the experimental velocity profiles for any confinements and any surface nature. The non-locality is quantified by a length, ζ, characterizing the flow cooperativity of jammed emulsions, and typically of the order of several emulsion droplet diameters. We study the influence of volume fraction, droplet diameter, and emulsions polydispersity on this length.
Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint

Among the array of structurally and toxicologically diverse mycotoxins, aflatoxins have attracted the most interest of scientific research due to their high toxicity and incidence in foods and feeds. Despite the undeniable progress made in various aspects related to aflatoxins, the ultimate goal consisting of reducing the associated public health risks worldwide is far from being reached due to multiplicity of social, political, economic, geographic, climatic, and development factors. However, a reasonable degree of health protection is attained in industrialized countries owing to their scientific, administrative, and financial capacities allowing them to use high-tech agricultural management systems. Less fortunate situations exist in equatorial and sub-equatorial developing countries mainly practicing traditional agriculture managed by smallholders for subsistence, and where the climate is suitable for mould growth and aflatoxin production. This situation worsens due to climatic change producing conditions increasingly suitable for aflatoxigenic mould growth and toxin production. Accordingly, it is difficult to harmonize the regulatory standards of aflatoxins worldwide, which prevents agri-foods of developing countries from accessing the markets of industrialized countries. To tackle the multi-faceted aflatoxin problem, actions should be taken collectively by the international community involving scientific research, technological and social development, environment protection, awareness promotion, etc. International cooperation should foster technology transfer and exchange of pertinent technical information. This review presents the main historical discoveries leading to our present knowledge on aflatoxins and the challenges that should be addressed presently and in the future at various levels to ensure higher health protection for everybody. In short, it aims to elucidate where we come from and where we should go in terms of aflatoxin research/development.
Enrichment in 13 C of atmospheric CH 4 during the Younger Dryas termination

The abrupt warming across the Younger Dryas termination (~11 600 yr before present) was marked by a large increase in the global atmospheric methane mixing ratio. The debate over sources responsible for the rise in methane centers on the roles of global wetlands, marine gas hydrates, and thermokarst lakes. We present a new, higher-precision methane stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 CH 4 ) dataset from ice sampled at Pakitsoq, Greenland that shows distinct 13 C-enrichment associated with this rise. We investigate the validity of this finding in face of known anomalous methane concentrations that occur at Pakitsoq. Comparison with previously published datasets to determine the robustness of our results indicates a similar trend in ice from both an Antarctic ice core and previously published Pakitsoq data measured using four different extraction and analytical techniques. The δ 13 CH 4 trend suggests that 13 C-enriched CH 4 sources played an important role in the concentration increase. In a first attempt at quantifying the various contributions from our data, we apply a methane triple mass balance of stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios and radiocarbon. The mass balance results suggest biomass burning (42–66% of total methane flux increase) and thermokarst lakes (27–59%) as the dominant contributing sources. Given the high uncertainty and low temporal resolution of the 14 CH 4 dataset used in the triple mass balance, we also performed a mass balance test using just δ 13 C and δD. These results further support biomass burning as a dominant source, but do not allow distinguishing of thermokarst lake contributions from boreal wetlands, aerobic plant methane, or termites. Our results in both mass balance tests do not suggest as large a role for tropical wetlands or marine gas hydrates as commonly proposed.
The Impact of Matrix Treatment (Family Training) in Reducing the Amount of Drug Consumption in Heroin and Crack Addicts

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of family training based on matrix model in reducing the amount of drug consumption by heroin and crack addicts. The subjects were referral to Karaj Clinic, Karaj City, Iran, for crack abuse in 2013. In order to select participants convenience sampling was been used and totally 45 patients were selected (15 heroin addict, 15 crack addict, and 15 with combination of heroin and crack addiction) and put into two groups of experimental and control groups randomly. For collecting the data, Addiction Severity Index questionnaire was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used through one-way analysis of covariance for data analyzing. The results indicated that there was statistical difference between the experimental and control group with consumption of heroin and crack in family status, mental and substance use and also it has been shown that the experimental group with heroine consumption achieved better performance compared with the control group in the amount of consumption.
Frequency generation by a magnetic vortex-antivortex dipole in spin-polarized current

We study the dynamics of a vortex-antivortex (VA) dipole which may be generated due to spin-polarized current flowing through a magnetic element. We employ the Landau-Lifshitz equation with a Slonczewski spin-torque term with in-plane polarization. We establish that the vortex dipole is set in steady-state rotational motion. The frequency of rotation is due to two independent forces: the interaction between the two vortices and an external in-plane magnetic field. The nonzero skyrmion number of the dipole is responsible for both forces giving rise to rotational dynamics. The spin torque acts to stabilize the rotational motion. We give analytical and numerical results for the frequency of rotation and VA dipole features as functions of the parameters.
Evaluation of antioxidant and hypolipidaemic effects of fermented Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) seeds in tyloxapol- induced hyperlipidaemic rats

Globally, fermented foods form an intricate part of the staple diet of people. This study investigated the hypolipidaemic potential of fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa (African locust bean/iru), a popular condiment by supplementing (20% w/w) in animal feed. Animals (n=5) in six treatment groups received; standard rat diet (control); iru-supplemented feed; standard rat feed with tyloxapol administered at the end of the experimental period (tyloxapol control); iru supplemented feed and triton at the end of the experimental period; standard feed with administration of fluvastatin sodium (40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) accordingly. Hyperlipidaemia was induced and ascertained by single intraperitoneal injection of 250 mg/kg triton WR 1339 (tyloxapol) constituted in normal saline. It was administered after six weeks experimental period to respective groups. The results revealed that addition of the fermented condiment into animals’ feed mitigated increased lipid levels [total cholesterol (TC) and Low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C); triglyceride (TG)] triggered by injection of tyloxapol. On the other hand, iru caused a significant decrease in plasma and liver total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C (p< 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL)-C levels (p< 0.05). The condiment showed a competitive hypotriglyceridaemic and greater hypocholesterolemic activity in the plasma when compared with fluvastatin at both concentrations. The condiment showed reasonable activities for the entire in vitro antioxidant assays done. Histopathologic examination revealed its hepatoprotective capability. Regular consumption of this condiment may represent a good dietary alternative for control of hyperlipidaemia and associated conditions.
EffEct of timing of Basal lEaf REmoval on YiEld componEnts and gRapE QualitY of gRapEvinE cvs caBERnEt sauvignon and pRokupac (Vitis Vinifera l.)

Beslic, Z. , s. Todic and s. MaTijasevic, 2013. effect of timing of basal leaf removal on yield components and grape quality of grapevine cvs cabernet sauvignon and Prokupac ( Vitis vinifera l.). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 96-102 The examination of timing of partial defoliation was performed on cultivars abernet sauvignon and Prokupac serbian autochtonous wine cultivar. leaf removal treatments were manually applied at full bloom, at fruit set (3-5 mm berry diam eter) and before veraison. The treatments consisted of defoliation of the first six nodes of all the shoots. Results indicate that defoliation carried out during the flowering and 3-5 mm berry diameter considerably influence the cluster structure and grape quality. Partial defoliation in these periods reduced the number of berries per cluster and berry size, resulting in a reduction of yield in both cultivars. early defoliation increased dry matter content of the must. defoliation treatments increased the content of total phenols in comparison with control, while the content of total anthocyanins was not significant changed in Canernet sauvignon. in cv. Prokupac, early defoliation increased content of total phenols (in the full bloom and fruit set treatments) and total anthocyanins (in full bloom treatment). The increase in the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins occurred only in treatments applied at flowering and fruit set.
The usefulness of Spotchem® Analyser (Arkray) in determining the risk in oral diseases in adolescents – a pilot study

Introduction. Saliva Check Buffer® has been long used for assessing saliva physical and chemical properties, while CRT Bacteria® is used for estimating the count of cariogenic bacteria. Spotchem® Analyser is a new device for the assessment of saliva properties. Aim. To determine the consistency of results obtained using Spotchem®, Saliva Check Buffer® and CRT Bacteria® kits, as well as to evaluate the correlations between the obtained results and oral hygiene status, ICDAS II indices in the diagnosis of the risk of oral diseases in children. Material and methods. Patients aged 12-17 years were evaluated for oral hygiene (% API, OHI), gingival inflammation (GI), and carious lesions (ICDAS II). Salivary tests using Saliva Check Buffer® (GC), CRT Bacteria® (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Spotchem® (Arkray) Analyser were conducted. The consent of the bioethical committee of Warsaw Medical University, as well as written consent from all the parents of all the subjects or legal guardians of all the subjects were obtained. Results. The study included 25 patients (mean age 13.7 ± 2.2 years). The following mean index values were obtained: OHI-S – 0.93 ± 0.43; API% – 72 ± 0.26; GI – 0.83 ± 0.61; DMFt – 6.44 ± 4.12. Active white lesions were observed in 13 patients (mean number of lesions 2.2 ± 2.92). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed significant correlations between pH values according to Saliva Check Buffer® and salivary buffer capacity (r = 0.608) and acidity (r = -0.713) according to Spotchem®; as well as a negative correlation between salivary buffer capacity and pH values in Spotchem® (r = -0.845). High count of S. mutans (> 105 CFU/mL) assessed by CRT Bacteria® correlated significantly with high bacteria count estimated by the Spotchem® Analyser (r = 0.54). Significant correlations were found between OHI and high (r = 0.46) and average (r = -0.54) metabolic activity of S. mutans; GI and salivary protein levels (r = 0.42); carious lesions and salivary protein levels (r = 0.40); salivary blood levels (r = 0.47) (Spotchem®) and the levels of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. (CRT Bacteria®) (0.47 and 0.42, respectively). Conclusions. The parameters estimated by the Spotchem® Analyser were correlated with the results obtained with the commonly known salivary kits and oral health indices. However, its clinical relevance should be confirmed by further studies. Keywords
Language Shift and Maintenance in a Diglossia Environment with Its Educational Implications: A Case Study

The study sheds light on some fundamental sociolinguistic concepts such as bilingualism and diglossia, language shift and language maintenance with particular reference to the Amish context. After depicting a general picture of the Amish society, the study expands on bilingualism and diglossia in the Amish community. The factors that cause language maintenance and language shift/lossare discussed in detail under the light of relevant literature. Based upon Conklin and Lourie’s (1983) comprehensive taxonomy of factors affecting language maintenance and language shift, “Amish Pennsylvania German” is evaluated. Further reasons for the long survival of the Amish society are discussed. The last section is particularly allocated to “How could the Amish society succeed in maintaining their language and identity? ” By and large, current findings substantiate that along with their tremendous efforts to isolate themselves from the outer English speaking world, the diglossia situation has helped the Amish to protect their language and identity without exposure to language shift in the midst of their bilingual environment.
Genetic variance components for residual feed intake and feed conversion ratio and their correlations with other production traits in beef bulls

Feeding costs of animals is a major determinant of profitability in livestock production enterprises. Genetic selection to improve feed efficiency aims to reduce feeding cost in beef cattle and thereby improve profitability. This study estimated genetic (co)variances between weaning weight and other production, reproduction and efficiency traits. Traits included residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ration (FCR), growth (average daily gain (ADG), weaning weight (WW) and shoulder height (SHD)), reproductive (scrotum circumference (SCR)) and profitability traits measured in growth tests of young bulls. The only genetic correlations of significance with WW were those with SHD (0.50) and ADG (0.28). Weaning weight serves as no indication of an animal's production, owing to low genetic correlations with other traits (reproduction or feedlot post-weaning growth efficiency). The heritability estimated for FCR was 0.34 and for RFI 0.31 with a genetic correlation estimate of 0.75 between them. The estimated genetic correlation of profitability (Rand-value) with FCR and RFI were -0.92 and -0.59, respectively. The genetic correlations and expected correlated responses between RFI and FCR with Rand-value suggest that indirect selection for Rand-value through direct selection for FCR and/or RFI will result in slower genetic progress in Rand-value than direct selection. However, where the Rand-value cannot be calculated and/or direct selection for Rand-value is not possible, it would be better to select indirectly for Rand-value through the use of FCR rather than RFI. Key Words: Beef cattle, Feed conversion ratio, Genetic (co)variances, Profitability, Residual feed intake South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.34(4) 2004: 257-264
MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT IN DIATOMIC MOLECULES

A study of the shape of the DA peaks leads to a general method for the determination of the threshold of a DA process. In order to test this method, the negative ions appearing in CO and H2 have been investigated, using a sector field instrument. An attempt has been made to establish the relative positions of the potential energy curves (using the Morse function) for the electronic states involved in the processes observed. INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to check with the help of the numerous papers already published on the subject what it is possible to expect from mass spectrometric measurements on the dissociative electron attachment (DA) to diatomic molecules, namely: (i) the way in which the threshold energy values can be determined, (ii) the quantitative interpretation of the DA resonance peak shape as representing the kinetic energy distribution of the negative ion, (iii) the possible deductions concerning the relative position of potential energy curves of AB* species decaying into A and B. The need for such a check is justified by the subsequent program of measurements that we would like to realize on DA processes and on ion-pair processes in triatomic and polyatomic molecules.
The Relationship Between Goal Orientation, Social Comparison Responses, Self-Efficacy, and Performance

The present study examined whether social comparison responses (identification and contrast in social comparison) mediated the relationship between goal orientation (promotion and prevention) and self-efficacy, and whether self-efficacy was subsequently related with a better performance. As expected, the results showed that promotion-oriented individuals - who are focused on achieving success - had higher self-efficacy than prevention-oriented individuals - who are focused on avoiding failure. Only one of the social comparison responses had a mediating role. That is, the tendency to contrast oneself with others who were doing better mediated the relationship between a prevention goal orientation and self-efficacy. In addition, self-efficacy was related to a better performance.
Elucidation of gastro-protective activity of Morin in pylorus ligation inducedgastric ulcer via modulation of oxidative stress

Peptic ulcer owes its pathological features to dysregulated oxido-nitrosative and necrotic changes in gastrointestinal mucosa. Morin possessed an array of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Hence, objective of present investigation was to unravel the antiulcer potential of morin in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer in laboratory animals. Gastric ulcer was induced in male Wistar rats (180- 200 gm) by ligation of pylorus portion of the stomach. Morin (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was provided as pretreatment 1 hr prior to pylorus ligation. Volume of gastric fluid, pH of gastric fluid, free acidity were measured whereas ulcer area, ulcer index, mucin content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the gastric tissue. Histological evaluation of the stomach was also carried out. Pretreatment with Morin (30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) decreased ulcer area, ulcer index and total acidity. It also significantly increased pH of the gastric fluid. Rats treated with Morin (30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) attenuated decreased level of SOD and increased level of MDA. It also showed attenuation in histological alteration induced by pylorus ligation. In conclusion, the possible mechanism by which Morin exerts its gastro-protective action may be due to its free radical quenching ability to regulate down elevated oxidative stress.
Seroepidemiology and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in East Azerbaijan, Iran: a population-based Azar Cohort study

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus. It is a major global public health problem and can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of HCV infection and risk factors based on the data from Azar Cohort, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Methods: The population of this study comprised the people in the age range of 35-70 years from Azar Cohort, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2016. Based on cluster sampling, 4, 949 people were selected and invited to complete the questionnaire and perform the tests. Blood samples collected in this study were analyzed to detect the presence of antibodies against HCV using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) Kit. The positive samples were re-tested by qualitative HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 49.15±9.02 years. Of these participants, 54.3% (n=2686) were females. Seven people (0.14%) were detected as HCV positive and the highest frequency was seen in the age range of 40-50 (0.16%). There was a statistical significant relationship between history of hospitalization (P=0.02) and history of abnormal urine (P=0.01) with the frequency of HCV infection. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection is 0.14% in the general population of Azar Cohort.
USING CANOPY AND UNDERSTORY MIST NETS AND POINT COUNTS TO STUDY BIRD ASSEMBLAGES IN CHACO FORESTS

Abstract We sampled birds with mist nets and point counts in old-growth and second-growth Chaco forest in Argentina to compare the contribution of each method to estimates of species abundance and diversity. We captured 53 species with mist nets (13 exclusively), and detected 75 species on point counts (43 exclusively). Species richness estimated by rarefaction curves did not differ between methods, except in old-growth understory, where point counts detected fewer species than mist nets. Both methods showed similar patterns of bird diversity and distribution, although point counts revealed more differences between forest layers and forest types. Mist netting contributed to the detection of cryptic or secretive species, especially in the understory, but large-bodied (>200 g) species were detected by point counts alone. Multivariate analysis discerned guilds and species associated with different forest layers and types. Point counts seem to better reflect relative abundance, whereas mist nets may be more sensitive to bird activity (e.g., movements between resources). The simultaneous use of both techniques enhances the description of bird communities, and birds' use of habitats.