Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Evaluation of Recombinant Human Osteogenic Protein (rhOP-1) Implants As a Bone Graft Substitute for Spinal Fusions

Study Design. Posterior, spinal fusion segments were evaluated in adult mongrel dogs at 6, 12, and 26 weeks post-implantation. Four sites on each animal received implants consisting of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 on a bone collagen carrier, bone collagen carrier alone, autogenous iliac crest bone, or no implant material. Objective. To determine the efficacy of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 as a bone graft substitute in achieving posterior spinal fusion and compare the results to those obtained using autogenous bone graft. Summary of Background Data. Posterior spinal fusion generally includes onlay grafting of autogenous or allogeneic bone after decortication of bony surfaces of the vertebral elements. The search for an acceptable bone graft substitute material has in recent years centered upon proteins capable of inducing bone in vivo. Recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 has demonstrated efficacy in healing large segmental osteoperiosteal defects in rabbits, dogs, and monkeys and appears ideally suited as a bone graft substitute for spinal fusions. Methods. The quality of fusion and new bone formation was evaluated using plain films, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Results. Radiographic and histologic studies demonstrated that recombinant human osteogenic protein-1-treated fusion segments attained a stable fusion by 6 weeks post-implantation and were completely fused by 12 weeks. The autograft sites demonstrated fusion at 26 weeks post-implantation. Conclusions. The results indicated that recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 is an effective bone graft substitute for achieving stable posterior spinal fusions in a significantly more rapid fashion than can be achieved with autogenous bone graft.
Activity patterns, blood lactate concentrations and ratings of perceived exertion during a professional singles tennis tournament

Objective: To examine the game characteristics and physiological (ie, blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (ie, rating of perceived exertion, RPE) responses during actual tennis competition in professional performers. Methods: Eight trained and internationally ranked (Association of Tennis Professionals rankings) male tennis players were studied during singles matches (best of three sets) played on an outdoor clay court surface during a professional, invitational tournament. Blood lactate concentrations (n = 53) and RPE (n = 113) were determined at selected changeovers during the game. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches, (a) duration of rallies (DRs); (b) rest time (RT); (c) effective playing time (EPT); and (d) shots per rally (SR), were determined from video recordings. Results: The mean (SD) values for the match-play activity variables were DR 7.5 (7.3) s, RT 16.2 (5.2) s, EPT 21.5 (4.9%), SR 2.7 (2.2) shots. Average blood lactate concentration and RPE values were 3.8 (2.0) mmol/l and 13 (2). Blood lactate concentrations and RPE values were significantly higher (p<0.01) in service games than in receiving games. Both blood lactate concentration and RPE values were significantly correlated with SR and DR (r = 0.80 to 0.28; p<0.001). Conclusions: Blood lactate concentrations and RPE were found to be influenced by the characteristics of the match and the playing situation (ie, serving or returning). These specific situations might be used to alter the overload training stimulus during tennis on-court practice.
Sources of Organizational Resilience: Sustaining Production and Safety in a Transportation Firm

ii Acknowledgments . vi Vita . vii List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Relevance . 1 1.2 Resilience in brief . 2 1.3 Study conducted . 4 1.4 Objectives . 5 Chapter 2: Background and Literature Review . 6 2.1 Overview . 6 2.2 Theories and models of safety . 6 2.3 Complex adaptive systems . 13 2.4 Patterns of resilience . 14 2.5 Patterns of failure . 18 x Chapter 3: Study Conducted . 22 3.1 Partner firm . 22 3.2 Study overview . 22 3.3 Data collection and analysis . 25 Chapter 4: Results . 32 4.1 Observation periods of interest . 32 4.2 Routine operations 2012: Inherently adaptive . 33 4.3 Hurricane Sandy 2012: Prepared to respond . 52 4.4 Thanksgiving 2012: Planning for demand . 64 4.5 Super Bowl 2013: Forward deployment . 69 4.6 2013 and 2014: Years of change . 85 4.7 Winter 2013: Intermittent challenges . 86 4.8 Winter 2014: Weather, resources, and demand . 90 4.9 Summer 2014: Surprisingly challenging . 95 Chapter 5: Discussion . 99 5.1 Overview . 99 5.2 An organizational framework for resilience: Cross-scale interactions . 99 5.3 A physical analogue for resilience: Stress-strain adaptive landscape . 107 5.4 A general description of resilience: Four concepts . 115 xi 5.5 Knowing the limits: The pursuit of resilience and safety . 120 5.6 Limits unknown: The 2010 European volcanic ash crisis . 123 5.7 Limitations of this study . 129 5.8 Future studies . 130 5.9 Concluding remarks . 131 References . 134
Psychological Assessment of Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Within a Naturalistic Clinical Sample

This study investigates the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Differences between abused and nonabused individuals in psychiatric symptomatology, interpersonal functioning, social and occupational functioning, personality dynamics, and therapeutic alliance were examined. The relationship between abuse severity and long-term effects was also analyzed. Data were gathered from 51 patients seeking individual psychotherapy at a community outpatient clinic. Findings suggested that CSA survivors tend to experience greater psychiatric distress and poorer interpersonal functioning than nonabused clinical controls. No significant differences were found in social and occupational functioning or in alliance developed by the end of the therapeutic assessment process. Abuse severity was significantly related to increased symptomatology and poorer interpersonal functioning. Findings support and extend existing literature and are especially useful for clinicians working with abuse survivors.
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in household members of children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND Strains of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) belonging to serogroup O157 (O157 VTEC) can cause a spectrum of disease that includes nonspecific diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and the diarrhea-associated form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 34 children with D+ HUS caused by O157 VTEC to determine the frequency of VTEC infection in their household members. RESULTS Gastrointestinal tract symptoms were reported in 1 or more household contacts of 17 (50%) of the 34 index cases. Of the 26 household members with gastrointestinal tract symptoms, 15 were parents and 11 were siblings. Evidence of VTEC infection was reported in 1 or more household contacts in 23 (68%) of the 34 families (in 46% of the siblings and in 28% of the parents). Nineteen (48%) siblings had a positive stool sample and in only 5 (12%) of the siblings IgM class serum antibodies to O157-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected. Nineteen (31%) parents had a positive stool sample. Antibodies to O157-LPS were not detected in any of the parents. The occurrence of (bloody) diarrhea significantly correlated with the occurrence of IgM class serum antibodies to O157-LPS. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that household members of children with D+ HUS are often asymptomatically infected with O157 VTEC. Differences in the pathogenesis of the infection between infected individuals may be related to differences in the number of ingested O157 VTEC bacteria and to differences in susceptibility.
Equal Opportunity Law and the Construction of Internal Labor Markets

Internal labor markets have been explained with efficiency and control arguments; however, retrospective event-history data from 279 organizations suggest that federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) law was the force behind the spread of formal promotion mechanisms after 1964. The findings highlight the way in which American public policy, with its broad outcome-oriented guidelines for organizations, stimulates managers to experiment with compliance mechanisms with and eye to judicial sanction. In response to EEO legislation and case law, personnel managers devised and diffused employment practices that treat all classes of workers as ambitious and achievement oriented in the process of formalizing and rationalizing promotion decisions.
The Proinflammatory Cytokine Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Regulates Glucose Metabolism during Systemic Inflammation1

Inflammation provokes significant abnormalities in host metabolism that result from the systemic release of cytokines. An early response of the host is hyperglycemia and resistance to the action of insulin, which progresses over time to increased glucose uptake in peripheral tissue. Although the cytokine TNF-α has been shown to exert certain catabolic effects, recent studies suggest that the metabolic actions of TNF-α occur by the downstream regulation of additional mediators, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). We investigated the glycemic responses of endotoxemic mice genetically deficient in MIF (MIF−/−). In contrast to wild-type mice, MIF−/− mice exhibit normal blood glucose and lactate responses following the administration of endotoxin, or TNF-α. MIF−/− mice also show markedly increased glucose uptake into white adipose tissue in vivo in the endotoxemic state. Treatment of adipocytes with MIF, or anti-MIF mAb, modulates insulin-mediated glucose transport and insulin receptor signal transduction; these effects include the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, its association with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K, and the downstream phosphorylation of Akt. Genetic MIF deficiency also promotes adipogenesis, which is in accord with a downstream role for MIF in the action of TNF-α. These studies support an important role for MIF in host glucose metabolism during sepsis.
EFFECTS OF GUANETHIDINE-INDUCED SYMPATHECTOMY ON CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE PROGENITIVE COMPARTMENTS OF THE NEONATAL MOUSE INCISOR

Treatment of mice with guanethidine sulphate every 48 h from birth until 14 days produced a 64.2 and 68.0 per cent reduction in perikarya of the superior cervical and coeliac ganglia, respectively, at 15 days after birth and 78.9 and 81.3 per cent at 30 days. The growth rate of mice between 21 and 30 days after birth was significantly reduced. At 15 and 30 days after birth, C3H]-thymidine was injected into control and sympathectomized mice, and labelling indices for the inner enamel epithelium, outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, odontoblasts, and pulp and periodontal ligament fibroblasts determined from autoradiographs. A statistically significant decline in labelhng index was found in the inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, and odontoblast cell populations at 30 days as compared to 15 days in controls. Sympathectomized mice demonstrated a significant decline in labelling index in the inner enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium, odontoblasts, and pulp fibroblasts at 30 days as compared to 15 days. The sympathetic nervous system, therefore, has only a minimal role in regulation in incisor eruption and cellular proliferation. The effect of sympathectomy on the stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum may be due to increased tissue pressure resulting from loss of vasoconstrictive sympathetic control.
Exploring the impact of Shariah training on Islamic banking employees in Pakistan

The paper explored the need and role of Shariah training of Islamic banking employees in Pakistan. It also examined the effect of such training on employees' commitment and attitude towards Isalmic banking. The study used qualitative approach in which semi-structured interviews of Islamic banking employees in Pakistan were conducted online using skype. The research appeared to be among the few on this subject and fulfills the need to understand training needs and its role in the context of Islamic banking employees in Pakistan. The findings revealed that employees working in Islamic banks perceive Shariah trainingas as a necessity to work for and to continue their Islamic banking operations. For different levels of Shariah training, a step by step approach was suggested - basic to extensive. Similarly, for Shariah training, it turned out to impact employees motivation, organisational commitment, attitude towards Islamic banking as well as performance.
Capital Inflows, Sovereign Debt and Bank Lending: Micro-Evidence from an Emerging Market

This paper uses a natural experiment to show that government access to foreign credit increases private access to credit. I identify a sudden, unanticipated, and ar- guably exogenous increase in capital inflows to the sovereign debt market in Colombia. This was due to J.P. Morganâ€™s inclusion of Colombian bonds into its emerging markets local currency government debt index, which led to an increase in the share of sovereign debt held by foreigners from 8.5 to 19 percent. This event had significant and hetero- geneous effects on Colombiaâ€™s commercial banks: banks that acted as market makers in the treasury market reduced their sovereign debt holdings by 7.8 percentage points of assets and increased their commercial credit availability by 4.2 percentage points of assets compared to the rest of the banks. The differential increase in credit was around 2 percent of GDP. Industry level evidence suggests that this had positive ef- fects on the real economy. A higher exposure to market makers led to a higher growth in employment, production, sales and GDP.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy : State of the Art Letter to the Editor : Arrhythmogenic Potential of Acute Idiopathic Pericarditis

Baksi and colleagues provided a commendable review about the incidence of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias in patients with myocarditis and acute pericarditis. The authors described a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in viral myocarditis as opposed to those affected with acute pericarditis. Similarly, the authors pointed out that the most common arrhythmia encountered in pericarditis is the supraventricular type (atrial fibrillation [AF] in 7.7% patients and other supraventricular arrhythmias in 9% patients). This conclusion is indeed supported by the reviewed literature; however, it may give a clinical perception that atrial arrhythmias may be of very common occurrence in acute pericarditis. We want to highlight our clinical perspective on this issue, specifically, pertaining to the fact about the association of supraventricular arrhythmias in acute idiopathic pericarditis. It is a commonly perceived misconception that acute idiopathic pericarditis predisposes to AF due to an accompanying inflammatory state. One, however, must remember that the occurrence of new-onset atrial arrhythmias (especially AF) in acute idiopathic pericarditis is often related to other coexisting comorbidities, such as ventricular dysfunction, aging, myocardial ischemia, as well as other factors predisposing to left atrial abnormality. This observation has been supported by the data from multiple prior controlled investigations led by the senior author of this correspondence. Even a very recent randomized controlled study conducted by our Italian colleagues showed that the incidence of AF in lone acute idiopathic pericarditis was only 4% and the only significant risk factor for association with AF was increased
A Generalized Threshold Voltage Model of Tied and Untied Double-Gate Junctionless FETs for a Symmetric and Asymmetric Structure

A general potential model is proposed for all types of double-gate junctionless FETs (DGJL-FETs), i.e., the symmetric versus asymmetric DG structures and the tied versus untied DG structures. The potential model is obtained with a simple form through a 2-D Poisson's equation based on the assumption that the vertical channel potential is approximated to a cubic function of the position in order to consider all types of DGJL-FETs. An analytical threshold voltage (VT) equation via the potential model is derived with the gate voltage when the sum of the depletion widths from the front-gate and the back-gate equals the body thickness. The analytic solution of VT shows good agreement with the simulation results down to a channel length <;20 nm. The variability of VT is analyzed for various device parameters. The back-gate effect of the untied DG structure is also investigated.
Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of 12 milligrams of trimethoprim and 60 milligrams of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram of body weight per day in healthy volunteers

The disposition of 12 mg of trimethoprim and 60 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg of body weight in six healthy male volunteers is described. The daily dose was evenly divided and administered orally every 6 h for 13 consecutive doses. Individual drug components were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Steady-state concentrations in serum for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were within the purported therapeutic ranges for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Co-trimoxazole was well tolerated, and no subject withdrew from the study because of toxicity. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters in this study with those of our previous findings indicates that the elimination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole follows a first-order process within the dose ranges assessed. Administration of 15- to 20-mg/kg trimethoprim and 75- to 100-mg/kg sulfamethoxazole in four evenly divided doses for the first 24 h followed by 12 and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively, for the remainder of therapy rapidly attains concentrations in serum within the proposed P. carinii pneumonia therapeutic range. Clinical trials are indicated to evaluate this dosing scheme, which may decrease exposure to potentially excessive concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
Distribution of VA Mycorrhizal Spores in Sandy Beach Soilsunder Cashew

Surface horizons (0-15 em) of sandy beach soils from Besut and Kuantan, (Malaysia) under cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) were sampled for Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) spores. Isolation of VAM spores were made from both the Rudua and Jambu series in Besut as well as the Rudua and Baging series in Kuantan. There were more spores isolated from the Kuantan than the Besut areas. The results also indiate a positive relationship between spore number to percent organic matter present in the topsoil. The abundant spores isolated from the Kuantan areas (in contrast to Besut) could have some significance in the P nutrition of cashew and probably explain the yield differences existing between these two areas.
Risk of thromboembolism in patients with hereditary angioedema treated with plasma-derived C1-inhibitor.

BACKGROUND Plasma-derived C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrates (pdC1-INH) have been used as safe and effective treatments for hereditary angioedema with C1-INH deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) for >30 years. Notwithstanding this, sporadic reports and a study into the high-dose therapy of neonates with C1-INH concentrate administered in an off-label indication raised concerns that this drug might increase the risk of thromboembolism. OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of thromboembolism and the background of the risk factors related to treatment with pdC1-INH. METHODS Our retrospective cohort study of 144 patients with C1-INH-HAE compared the incidence of thromboembolism and its risk factors in patients who received pdC1-INH with those who did not receive pdC1-INH as well as with those treated with danazol or with tranexamic acid. RESULTS During the observation period (29 years), 104 of the 144 subjects received pdC1-INH. The average dose per treatment was 573.59 IU. None of the patients used an indwelling central venous catheter. Multiple risk factors for thromboembolism were identified in 93 of the 104 patients treated with pdC1-INH. The incidence rate of thromboembolism was 0.0019/100 person-years in patients treated with pdC1-INH, whereas it was 0.0211/100 person-years in the not-treated group. CONCLUSION Our cohort study did not find any evidence for an increased risk of thromboembolism during treatment with pdC1-INH, despite the presence of multiple predisposing factors.
Ownership Dynamics within Founder Teams: The Role of External Financing

This paper examines how founders within start-up teams dynamically re-adjust their relative ownership stakes. It leverages a unique dataset from British Columbia, Canada, which contains detailed information on founder ownership over time. Two trade-offs between efficiency and fairness are identified, one at the time of founding, the other as the venture develops. Teams with a preference for fairness at the start, as witnessed by an equal division of founder shares, also exhibit a dynamic preference for fairness, as witnessed by a reluctance to change ownership over time. Relative founder stakes are more likely to change when a company raises investments. Larger rounds, and lower valuations are associated with bigger changes in relative founder stakes.
Entropy production in multiple scattering of light by a spatially random medium.

This study reports on the problem of entropy production due to multiple scattering of light by a spatially random medium composed of uncorrelated and noninteracting spherical dielectric particles. The degree of polarization P of light, in the form of plane waves, is of the nature of an order parameter for the ensemble of realizations of the fluctuating optical field. The radiation entropy takes a form analogous to the entropy of one-dimensional Ising (two-level) spin systems in contact with a heat bath. On the basis of this analysis, the degree of polarization has a different thermodynamic significance. It is argued that within this representation, one may define an effective polarization temperature \ensuremath{\tau}; we then show how \ensuremath{\tau} depends on the degree of polarization. Light transmitted through a multiple scattering medium is depolarized by decorrelation of the phases of the electric field components and its polarization entropy increases. The effects of size of the spherical particles and of the optical depth on entropy production are studied numerically, using the Mie theory, via the Monte Carlo method. An attempt is made to interpret these results in terms of the minimization procedure (minimum entropy production) that plays a fundamental role in classical irreversible thermodynamics. One of the most remarkable aspects of this problem, where no energy exchange between radiation and scatterer takes place, is that the stationary state corresponds both to the state of minimum production of radiation entropy and to the state of maximum entropy. Thermodynamically, multiple scattering can be viewed as an order-disorder transition using the spin model. It is also emphasized that the system will tend to evolve towards a ``higher polarization temperature'' state. We briefly comment on the use of our treatment in interpreting the irreversibility in a scattering process.