Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The results from a two-year case study of an information and communication technology support system for family caregivers

Abstract Purpose: The aim was to better understand how information and communication technology (ICT) can provide support to elderly family caregivers caring for significant others suffering from dementia or stroke. Method: Ten households equipped with an ICT system, with a family caregiver and a spouse diagnosed with dementia or stroke, were followed and observed in a two-year case study. The family caregivers had regular meetings in groups organised by the municipal care of the elderly. Data from observations, semi-structured interviews, user data from the ICT system and data about the support provided by the municipality has been used to validate the findings. Results: The family caregivers socialised with users in the group as long as the users were stayed in the group. Meetings in the group were an important opportunity for exchanging experiences and to easing one”s mind. The ICT system did not reduce the municipality”s level of services to the participating families. The information built into the system has to be constantly updated to be of interest. Conclusions: An ICT support must be provided in a context of personal meetings and with a formal caregiver backing. This will empower informal or family caregivers. Such support must give the user the possibility to communicate and get access to the Internet. Implications for Rehabilitation Benefits were obtained when informal caregivers met with a group of people with whom they share the same kind of experiences and were supported by a formal caregiver. Informal caregivers need more attention and recognition. ICT systems can help but must be current and maintain the users interest.
Habitat fragmentation in coastal southern California disrupts genetic connectivity in the cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)

Achieving long‐term persistence of species in urbanized landscapes requires characterizing population genetic structure to understand and manage the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on connectivity. Urbanization over the past century in coastal southern California has caused both precipitous loss of coastal sage scrub habitat and declines in populations of the cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus). Using 22 microsatellite loci, we found that remnant cactus wren aggregations in coastal southern California comprised 20 populations based on strict exact tests for population differentiation, and 12 genetic clusters with hierarchical Bayesian clustering analyses. Genetic structure patterns largely mirrored underlying habitat availability, with cluster and population boundaries coinciding with fragmentation caused primarily by urbanization. Using a habitat model we developed, we detected stronger associations between habitat‐based distances and genetic distances than Euclidean geographic distance. Within populations, we detected a positive association between available local habitat and allelic richness and a negative association with relatedness. Isolation‐by‐distance patterns varied over the study area, which we attribute to temporal differences in anthropogenic landscape development. We also found that genetic bottleneck signals were associated with wildfire frequency. These results indicate that habitat fragmentation and alterations have reduced genetic connectivity and diversity of cactus wren populations in coastal southern California. Management efforts focused on improving connectivity among remaining populations may help to ensure population persistence.
Chemical modification patterns of active and inactive as well as procapsid-bound and unbound DNA-packaging RNAof bacterial virus Phi29.

During replication, the lengthy genome of dsDNA viruses is translocated with remarkable velocity into the limited space within the preformed procapsid. We previously found that a viral-encoded RNA (pRNA) played a key role in bacterial virus phi29 DNA translocation. Design of mutant pRNA sets containing two and three inactive mutant pRNAs, respectively, led to the conclusion that the stoichiometry of pRNA in DNA packaging is the common multiple of 2 and 3. Together with studies using binomial distribution of mutant and wild-type pRNA, it has been confirmed that six pRNAs of phi29 form a hexagonal complex to drive the DNA translocating machine. These findings have brought about commonality between viral DNA packaging and other universal DNA/RNA-riding processes including DNA replication and RNA transcription. Chemical modification was used to compare the structures of active and inactive as well as free and procapsid-bound pRNA. Our results explain why certain pRNA mutants are inactive in DNA packaging while remaining competent in procapsid binding, since the mutations were located in a domain involved in DNA translocation that is dispensable for procapsid binding. A mutant pRNA that had reduced procapsid binding was revealed to have a structural alteration within the procapsid-binding region that may account for the binding deficiency. Chemical probing of procapsid-bound pRNA revealed a large area of protection, while a 3-base bulge, C(18)C(19)A(20), was accessible to chemicals. A pRNA with a deletion of this 3-base bulge was fully competent to form dimers, bind procapsids, and inhibit phi29 virion assembly in vitro; however, its activity in DNA packaging and virion assembly was completely lost. The results suggest that this bulge is not involved in procapsid binding but may interact with other DNA-packaging components. A computer model showing the location of the CCA bulge was presented.
Canal wall reconstruction and mastoid obliteration in canal wall down tympanomastoidectomized patients

Conclusion: Posterior canal reconstruction using autogenous bone pate and mastoid obliteration with allogenous cancellous bone chips (ACBCs) is a useful method to eliminate cavity problems after canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT). It is also an appropriate method to obtain adequate middle ear space for hearing gain and to apply hearing aids for patients with poor eustachian tube function after surgery. Objective: This study was performed to suggest a new technique for posterior canal reconstruction and mastoid obliteration and to evaluate the outcome of the surgery. Patients and methods: The entire posterior canal was reconstructed with autogenous bone pate, and the new isolated mastoid cavity was obliterated with ACBCs in patients who had undergone CWDT and suffered from cavity problems. Outcomes were measured by external auditory canal shape, condition of the neotympanum, hearing outcome, improvement of cavity problems, and surgical complications. Results: In 90.9%, the reconstructed canal wall maintained a cylindrical shape. The drum healed without perforation/retraction in 90.9%. The average air–bone gap value was 34.5 dB hearing level (HL) before the staged operation and 17.8 dB HL after the staged operation; 95.5% had no more cavity problems. Minor postauricular wound infection was the most common complication (13.6%).
Endometriosis-associated Ovarian Cancer: A Distinct Clinical Entity?

AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) and compare clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) between patients with EAOC and those with ovarian cancer not associated with endometriosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified EAOC among 203 patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent complete surgery at our Institution from January 2004 to March 2014. RESULTS EAOC was present in 45 patients. EAOC was significantly more frequently diagnosed at an earlier stage of disease (p=0.038). At a median follow-up time of 32 months, OS among patients with EAOC was significantly longer (p=0.039). However, stratifying by stage, the OS advantage of EAOC was not significant. At multivariate analysis, only stage was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio=5.7; 95% confidence interval=1.8-18.6; p=0.003). CONCLUSION EAOC incidence was 22.2%. EAOC appears to be diagnosed at an earlier stage and confers a better OS. However, stratifying by stage, the advantage in survival of EAOC disappears.
Recovery of rod photoresponses in ABCR-deficient mice.

PURPOSE The ABCR protein of the rod outer segment is thought to facilitate movement of the all-trans retinal photoproduct of rhodopsin bleaching out of the disc lumen. This study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which ABCR deficiency affects the post-bleach recovery of the rod photoresponse in ABCR-deficient (abcr-/-) mice. METHODS Electroretinographic (ERG) a-wave responses were recorded from abcr-/- mice and two control strains. A bright probe flash was used to examine the course of rod recovery after fractional rhodopsin bleaches of approximately 10(-6), approximately 3 x 10(-5), approximately 0.03, and approximately 0.30 to approximately 0.40. RESULTS Dark-adapted abcr-/- mice and control animals exhibited similar normalized near-peak amplitudes of the paired-flash-ERG-derived, weak-flash response. Response recovery after approximately 10(-6) bleaching exhibited an average exponential time constant of 319, 171, and 213 ms, respectively, in the abcr-/- and the two control strains. Recovery time constants determined for approximately 3 x 10(-5) bleaching did not differ significantly among strains. However, those determined for the approximately 0.03 bleach indicated significantly faster recovery in abcr-/- mice (2.34 +/- 0.74 minutes) than in the controls (5.36 +/- 2.20 and 5.92 +/- 2.44 minutes). After approximately 0.30 to approximately 0.40 bleaching, the initial recovery in the abcr-/- mice was, on average, faster than in control mice. CONCLUSIONS By comparison with control animals, abcr-/- mice exhibit faster rod recovery after a bleach of approximately 0.03. The data suggest that ABCR in normal rods may directly or indirectly prolong all-trans retinal clearance from the disc lumen over a significant bleaching range, and that the essential function of ABCR may be to promote the clearance of residual amounts of all-trans retinal that remain in the discs long after bleaching.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide inhibits early B cell development in vivo

Recent in vitro studies suggest that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) inhibits early B cell differentiation; however, there is no evidence in the intact animal for a role for CGRP in B cell development. Here, we show that in vivo treatment of mice with CGRP reduces the number of IL‐7 responsive B cell progenitors in bone marrow. A single CGRP treatment reduces IL‐7‐responsive B cell progenitors by up to 40% for up to 72 h. The reduction is dose‐dependent and can be blocked by a CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP8–37. CGRP in serum following injection is highly elevated at 30 min but returns to basal levels by 4 h, suggesting that a single injection of CGRP has long‐lasting effects on B cell development. This report provides the first direct in vivo evidence that CGRP, a neuropeptide with multiple effects on mature lymphocytes, also plays a regulatory role in early B cell development in the bone marrow.
MLH1‐silenced and non‐silenced subgroups of hypermutated colorectal carcinomas have distinct mutational landscapes

Approximately 15% of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) exhibit a hypermutated genotype accompanied by high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) and defects in DNA mismatch repair. These tumours, unlike the majority of colorectal carcinomas, are often diploid, exhibit frequent epigenetic silencing of the MLH1 DNA mismatch repair gene, and have a better clinical prognosis. As an adjunct study to The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium that recently analysed 224 colorectal cancers by whole exome sequencing, we compared the 35 CRCs (15.6%) with a hypermutated genotype to those with a non‐hypermutated genotype. We found that 22 (63%) of the hypermutated CRCs exhibited transcriptional silencing of the MLH1 gene, a high frequency of BRAF V600E gene mutations, and infrequent APC and KRAS mutations, a mutational pattern significantly different from their non‐hypermutated counterparts. However, the remaining 13 (37%) hypermutated CRCs lacked MLH1 silencing, contained tumours with the highest mutation rates (‘ultramutated’ CRCs), and exhibited higher incidences of APC and KRAS mutations, but infrequent BRAF mutations. These patterns were confirmed in an independent validation set of 250 exome‐sequenced CRCs. Analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression signatures revealed that hypermutated CRCs with MLH1 silencing had greatly reduced levels of WNT signalling and increased BRAF signalling relative to non‐hypermutated CRCs. Our findings suggest that hypermutated CRCs include one subgroup with fundamentally different pathways to malignancy than the majority of CRCs. Examination of MLH1 expression status and frequencies of APC, KRAS, and BRAF mutation in CRC may provide a useful diagnostic tool that could supplement the standard microsatellite instability assays and influence therapeutic decisions.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Single Coronary Artery from Right Sinus: Radial Route is Right

We present percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using radial approach in a rare case of single coronary artery originating from the right sinus. Although these anomalies and stenosis of anomalous vessels have been described previously, treatment of atherosclerotic lesions by PCI has rarely been reported. There is a definite procedural risk during PCI in patients with a single ostium because dissection with the guiding catheter would result in a catastrophic event. Additionally, technical difficulties may occur due to the ostial configuration and course of the branch to be stented. The patient suffered an acute coronary syndrome-inferior wall STEMI, and was thrombolysed elsewhere within a window period of 4 h. He had post myocardial infarction (MI) angina and was referred to our center after 3 days of thrombolysis. We present this technically challenging and rare case in which PCI of right coronary artery was performed through the radial route.
Expression of P2X3 receptor in the trigeminal sensory nuclei of the rat

Trigeminal primary afferents expressing P2X3 receptor are involved in the transmission of orofacial nociceptive information. However, little is known about their central projection pattern and ultrastructural features within the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclei (TBSN). Here we use multiple immunofluorescence and electron microscopy to characterize the P2X3‐immunopositive (+) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion and describe the distribution and synaptic organization of their central terminals within the rat TBSN, including nuclei principalis (Vp), oralis (Vo), interpolaris (Vi), and caudalis (Vc). In the trigeminal ganglion, P2X3 immunoreactivity was mainly in small and medium‐sized somata, but also frequently in large somata. Although most P2X3+ somata costained for the nonpeptidergic marker IB4, few costained for the peptidergic marker substance P. Most P2X3+ fibers in the sensory root of trigeminal ganglion (92.9%) were unmyelinated, whereas the rest were small myelinated. In the TBSN, P2X3 immunoreactivity was dispersed in the rostral TBSN but was dense in the superficial laminae of Vc, especially in the inner lamina II. The P2X3+ terminals contained numerous clear, round vesicles and sparse large, dense‐core vesicles. Typically, they were presynaptic to one or two dendritic shafts and also frequently postsynaptic to axonal endings, containing pleomorphic vesicles. Such P2X3+ terminals, showing glomerular shape and complex synaptic relationships, and those exhibiting axoaxonic contacts, were more frequently seen in Vp than in any other TBSN. These results suggest that orofacial nociceptive information may be transmitted via P2X3+ afferents to all TBSN and that it may be processed differently in different TBSN. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:627–639, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenomenological exploration of clinical decision making of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses in relation to sedation management

iv List of Tables and Figures. xvi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background to this study . 1 1.1.2 The researcher’s personal and professional interests . 1 1.1.3 The current research evidence and ICU practices . 1 1.2 Deficits in knowledge and awareness in this field . 5 1.3 What this study adds to the available sedation research. 6 Chapter 2: Review of the literature . 6 2.0 The nature of intensive care . 9 2.1 Overview of chapter . 9 2.2 When ‘care’ became intensive. 9 2.3 Nursing ‘care’ . 10 2.4 Nursing knowledge . 11 2.4. 1 Patterns of knowing . 11 2.5 Research based evidence as knowledge . 15 2.6 Summary of chapter . 15 Chapter 3: Technology and the Intensive Care Unit . 17 3.1 Overview of chapter . 17 3.2 Technology . 17 3.3 Technology in ICU . 19 3.4 The purpose of technology in ICU . 19 3.4. 1 Technology as an alert . 20 3.4. 1.2 Alarms . 22 3.4. 2 Technology as a decision making aid . 25 3.4. 2.1 Technology and competence . 26 3.5 Nursing and technology . 27
Unilateral Rheumatoid Arthritis following Hemiplegia

Hemiplegia may sometimes give rise to peculiar and painful syndromes affecting the paralysed side: these include what has been described as the "shoulder hand syndrome" (Swan, 1954) as well as a "hemi-arthropathy" (Euziere, Pages, Lafon, Mirouze, and Salvaing, 1949) similar in some ways to that seen in Parkinsonism (Perrin and Louyot, 1939). Perhaps even less well known and of great scientific interest are the protective effects which hemiplegia may confer. Coste and Forestier (1935) described two hemiplegic patients who developed Heberden's nodes 9 and 10 years respectively after their strokes, and in both cases the nodes appeared on the fingers of the unaffected hand only. Forestier (1935) also reported that, in a 55-year-old woman who had suffered a stroke 7 years previously, Heberden's nodes developed 8 months after the stroke and remained restricted to the normal hand. Winter (1952) observed a similar case. Protection against the development of Heberden's nodes by lower motor neurone lesions was seen by us in a woman of 59 with Erb's palsy and contralateral Heberden's nodes, as previously noted by Hench (1940), McEwen (1940), and Stecher and Karnosh (1947). The last-named authors also reported that apparent regression of established Heberden's nodes on the paralysed side in a hemiplegic patient was due to soft-tissue wasting only, since the radiological appearances were not improved. In regard to the protection afforded by a previous hemiplegia against subsequent inflammatory arthritis, Jacqueline (1953), described a man who had sustained a right hemiplegia in childhood, who developed multiple joint pains at the age of 41 years and severe rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 51 years. The interesting feature was that the arthritic process attacked the joints on the left or non-hemiplegic side, alone, and remained restricted to the left side during 2 years' further observation. This phenomenon is clearly of interest and importance for the understanding of the factors responsible for the localization of rheumatoid arthritis. We have seen four such patients, whose case histories are given below. Case Reports
Accumulation of trace elements in cattle from rural and industrial areas in Belgium

Trace element concentrations were determined in meat, kidney and liver tissue of cattle, which had resided more than 18 months in areas historically contaminated by emissions from the non-ferrous metal industry or in regions with normal background metal contamination levels in Belgium. Trace element levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Lead, arsenic and cadmium concentrations in meat were low for all cattle. Concentrations in kidneys were, respectively, 1.8-, 2.2- and 2.5-fold higher in cattle from the contaminated areas compared to animals from reference areas. The European maximum level for cadmium in kidney was exceeded by 75% of the kidneys from contaminated areas and 47% of the kidneys from reference areas. Lead, arsenic and cadmium concentrations in bovine livers from contaminated areas were increased by a factor of 2.3. Zinc levels in livers and kidneys were within normal ranges, but 20% higher in the contaminated areas compared to reference areas. Copper levels in livers were high in all areas. Dairy cattle accumulated significantly higher levels of cadmium in kidneys and of lead in liver and kidneys than did beef cattle.
IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease. Part II: Clinical Aspects

Purpose: To review the current state of knowledge of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD). Methods: A review of the literature and personal experience of the authors. Results: IgG4-related disease is a recently recognized fibroinflammatory disorder that may affect 1 or more organs. It is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with large numbers of IgG4 positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and eosinophil infiltration as well as peripheral eosinophilia, and in some cases, elevated serum levels of IgG4. These features are not always seen, and the diagnosis should be made by integrating clinical, imaging, and histopathological data, with reference to recently defined diagnostic criteria. IgG4-ROD forms a significant proportion of what has previously been labeled “idiopathic orbital inflammation” or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Orbital disease may occur alone, at the same time as disease elsewhere, or metachronously with systemic disease. Although almost any ocular adnexal tissue may be affected, there are several commoner recognizable patterns of IgG4-ROD: (1) sclerosing dacryoadenitis; 2) enlargement of orbital nerves (most commonly the infraorbital nerve) associated with orbital myositis and lacrimal gland disease, often in combination with paranasal sinus disease, eosinophilia, and systemic involvement; and 3) sclerosing orbital inflammation. Patients with IgG4-ROD should be investigated and monitored for other organ involvement. Some patients with IgG4-related disease may develop lymphoma, usually marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. Treatment of IgG4-ROD includes the use of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants. Rituximab has been shown to be very effective. Longer term studies on the natural course and treatment of IgG4-ROD are needed. Conclusions: Patients presenting with orbital inflammatory lesions should have biopsies obtained whenever possible. The examining pathologist should routinely look for features of IgG4-ROD, and if found, the patient should be investigated for other organ involvement. Early treatment may prevent destructive changes in affected tissues.