Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Unemployment Affect the Number of Establishments? A Regional Analysis for US States

Empirical tests of the 'unemployment push' hypothesis that unemployed workers start up new enterprises to a greater extent than employed workers to escape unemployment have produced contradictory results. This is at least partially a consequence of studies neglecting the industrial organization of regions and not incorporating adequate variables to represent market opportunities. Using data of US establishments in retail and service industries with low entry barriers, we find little or no evidence for the 'unemployment push' hypothesis. US regions with relatively high unemployment rates do not show relatively strong subsequent increases in the number of establishments across a broad range of industries. Possible exceptions are used merchandise stores and automotive repair shops. Des tests empiriques de l'hypothèse qui affirme que la création d'entreprise s'explique plutôt par les chômeurs que par les actifs occupés afin de permettre àces gens-làde contourner le chômage, ont réalisé des réultats contradictoires. Cela s'explique du moins en partie par le fait que des études n'ont pas considéré la structure industrielle des régions et n'ont pas incorporédes variables suffisantes pour représenter les possibilités offertes par le marché. A partir des données auprès des établissments dans le commerce et les services dont les barrières à l'entrée sont très basses, il s'avère presque pas de preuves à l'appui de cet hypothèse. Les régions aux Etats-Unis dont le taux de chômage est relativement élevéne montrent pas d'augmentations ultérieures relativement fortes du nombre d'établissements àtravers des industries diverses. A quelques exceptions près, àsavoir les vendeurs d'objets d'occasion et les ateliers de réparation automobile. Empirische Untersuchungen der Hypothese des Anstosses, den Erwerbslosigkeit gibt, neue Unternehmen aufzuziehen, indem sie eher erwerbslose, Verdienst suchende Arbeiter dazu veranlaßt, als solche, die erwerbstätig sind, haben widersprüchliche Ergebnisse gezeitigt. Die ist zumindest teilweise Studien zuzuschreiben, welche die industrielle Organisation von Regionen vernachlässigen und versäumen, angemessene Variable zur Darstellung von Marktchancen einzuschließen. Der Autor benutzt Daten amerikanischer Unternehmen des Einzelhandels und der Dienstleistungindustrie mit mäßigen Einstiegsanforderungen, findet jedoch wenig oder keine Beweise für die Hypothese, daß Erwerbslosigkeit einen Anstoß darstellt. Regionen der USA mit verhältnismäßig hohen Erwerbsloigkeitsraten zeigen bei breiter Palette von Industrien später durchweg keine unverhältnismäßig starke Zunahme der Anzahl von Betriebsneugründungen auf. Gebrauchtwarenläden und Werkstätten für Kraftfahrzeugreparaturen stellen mögliche Ausnahmen dar.
The Legionella pneumophila F‐box protein Lpp2082 (AnkB) modulates ubiquitination of the host protein parvin B and promotes intracellular replication

The environmental pathogen Legionella pneumophila encodes three proteins containing F‐box domains and additional protein–protein interaction domains, reminiscent of eukaryotic SCF ubiquitin–protein ligases. Here we show that the F‐box proteins of L. pneumophila strain Paris are Dot/Icm effectors involved in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins associated with the Legionella‐containing vacuole. Single, double and triple mutants of the F‐box protein encoding genes were impaired in infection of Acanthamoeba castellanii, THP‐1 macrophages and human lung epithelial cells. Lpp2082/AnkB was essential for infection of the lungs of A/J mice in vivo, and bound Skp1, the interaction partner of the SCF complex in mammalian cells, similar to AnkB from strain AA100/130b. Using a yeast two‐hybrid screen and co‐immunoprecipitation analysis we identified ParvB a protein present in focal adhesions and in lamellipodia, as a target. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that ectopically expressed Lpp2082/AnkB colocalized with ParvB at the periphery of lamellipodia. Unexpectedly, ubiquitination tests revealed that Lpp2082/AnkB diminishes endogenous ubiquitination of ParvB. Based on these results we propose that L. pneumophila modulates ubiquitination of ParvB by competing with eukaryotic E3 ligases for the specific protein–protein interaction site of ParvB, thereby revealing a new mechanism by which L. pneumophila may employ translocated effector proteins to promote bacterial survival.
The fallacy of the concept of virus masking: a review.

extracts of the healthy, rapidly growing warts from the domestic rabbit were not ordinarily in fectious either for other domestic rabbits or for the original host, the cottontail. It developed later (@,@9) thatthejackrabbitandthesnowshoe hare may not differ greatly in this respect from the domestic rabbit, since the warts from the small number of these animals examined have not yielded virus comparable in amount with that of the best specimens from the cottontail. In his initial publication (53) in which he de scribed failure to transmit the disease with ex tracts of domestic rabbit warts, Shope made no mention of masking. As the result of further studies, he reported (54), in 1935, the successful passage of papillomatosis with extracts from the growths of thirteen domestic rabbits of a total of 58 examined. Serial passages were made then and in several instances later (43, 45). In the interpre tation of his findings, which still involved no men tion of masking, Shope stated: â€œItseems likely that, in determining whether or not a domestic rabbit wart will prove transmissible at least two factors are involved; the concentration of the inciting agent in the papillomata used as the source of infection, and the natural threshold of resistance, to the virus, of the animal to be in fected. A successful passage of the disease in series from one domestic rabbit to the next, on this basis, can be visualized as the result of a fortunate and unpredictable coincidence in which the papil lomata of the rabbit serving as the source of INTRODUCTION Div@iwi'sissr'r OF TEE CONCEPT OF MASKING . VIRUS MASS RELATIONS IN RABBIT Pai.zu@oawroSIS
Splenic Abscess

We reviewed the imaging findings of 14 splenic abscesses in 13 patients. All patients underwent chest radiography, 12 ultrasonography (US), 9 CT, 4 plain abdominal radiography, 2 99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scan and 2 99mTc-HIG scan. Three patients were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage, and 5 with diagnostic or therapeutic fine-needle aspiration (FNA). At US the abscess was hypoechoic (n = 9), anechoic (n = 2), or anechoic with gasbubbles (n = 1), or the entire spleen was inhomogeneous with gasbubbles (n = 1). At CT the abscesses appeared as low density (18–30 HU) lesions with (n = 2) or without (n = 7) gas. In 2 cases 99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scan, and in one case 99mTc-HIG scan showed an intrasplenic defect, and in one case 99mTc-HIG scan was considered normal. At plain abdominal radiography extraintestinal gas was suggested in 2 patients, and the findings were normal in 2. US-guided FNA confirmed infectious etiology of the lesion in 4 patients, and a necrotic specimen suggested infection in one. One patient was cured with repeated aspirations. Catheter drainage was successful in all 3 patients who underwent the procedure. We conclude that US and CT are accurate in detecting splenic abscesses. Our results in splenic interventions advocate wider use of the procedures.
DNA‐crosslinker cisplatin eradicates bacterial persister cells

For all bacteria, nearly every antimicrobial fails since a subpopulation of the bacteria enter a dormant state known as persistence, in which the antimicrobials are rendered ineffective due to the lack of metabolism. This tolerance to antibiotics makes microbial infections the leading cause of death worldwide and makes treating chronic infections, including those of wounds problematic. Here, we show that the FDA‐approved anti‐cancer drug cisplatin [cis‐diamminodichloroplatinum(II)], which mainly forms intra‐strand DNA crosslinks, eradicates Escherichia coli K‐12 persister cells through a growth‐independent mechanism. Additionally, cisplatin is more effective at killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells than mitomycin C, which forms inter‐strand DNA crosslinks, and cisplatin eradicates the persister cells of several pathogens including enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Cisplatin was also highly effective against clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, cisplatin has broad spectrum activity against persister cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1984–1992. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in natural IVF cycles for poor responder patients cause more harm than benefit?

Abstract Poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is one of the most critical factors that substantially limits the success of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs). Natural and modified natural cycle IVF are two options that could be considered as a last resort. Blocking gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) actions in the endometrium via GnRH receptor antagonism may have a negative impact on endometrial receptivity. We analysed IVF outcomes in 142 natural (n = 30) or modified natural (n = 112) IVF cycles performed in 82 women retrospectively. A significantly lower proportion of natural cycles reached follicular aspiration compared to modified natural cycles (56.7% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.001). However, the difference between the numbers of IVF cycles ending in embryo transfer (26.7% vs. 44.6%) was not statistically significant between natural cycle and modified natural IVF cycles. Clinical pregnancy (6.7% vs. 7.1%) and live birth rates per initiated cycle (6.7% vs. 5.4%) were similar between the two groups. Notably, the implantation rate was slightly lower in modified natural cycles (16% vs. 25%, p > 0.05). There was a trend towards higher clinical pregnancy (25% vs. 16%) and live birth (25% vs. 12%) rates per embryo transfer in natural cycles compared to modified natural cycles, but the differences did not reach statistical significance.
The Effect of Moderate Physical Exercise on the Plasma Lipoprotein Subfractions of Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction

The effect of regular, moderate exercise on the lipoprotein subfractions of male survivors of myocardial infarction was studied. Nineteen men were randomly allocated to an incremental exercise program and 23 to a control group. Both groups were studied for 6 months. No change occurred in any lipoprotein class in the control group. In the trained group, total triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly (0.01 > p > 0.001 and 0.05 > p > 0.01, respectively) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-i rose (both p < 0.001). The concentration of the HDL2 subfraction increased with training (0.01 > p > 0.001) and HDL, did not change. No relationship was found between changes in lipoproteins and treadmill exercise test performance. Thus, in survivors of myocardial infarction, exercise may alter plasma lipoprotein values beneficially.
Binding, bonding and charge symmetry breaking in Λ-hypernuclei

Recent experiments have presented more accurate data on the $\Lambda\Lambda$-binding energies of a few $\Lambda\Lambda$- hypernuclei. This is important as the $\Lambda\Lambda$- bond energies ($\Delta B_{\Lambda\Lambda}$) of double-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei provide a measure of the in-medium strength of the $\Lambda\Lambda$ interaction. A mass formula, optimized with the newly available $\Lambda\Lambda$ binding energy data, is used to estimate the binding energy and bond energy over a wide range of hypernuclei. The $\Delta B_{\Lambda\Lambda}$ values calculated with this mass formula are in good agreement with the experimental data, predictions of the quark mean-field (QMF) model and the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model as well. The $\Lambda\Lambda$-bond energy is found to diminish with neutron numbers, approaching zero near the neutron-drip line. In this formalism, the calculated binding energy difference in mirror nuclei arises from the Coulomb contributions and can be utilized to extract the Coulomb-corrected charge symmetry breaking effect.
Regulatory T Cells Selectively Preserve Immune Privilege of Self-Antigens during Viral Central Nervous System Infection

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the attenuation of immune reactions. During viral CNS infections, however, an indiscriminate maintenance of CNS immune privilege through Treg-mediated negative regulation could prevent autoimmune sequelae but impair the control of viral replication. We analyzed in this study the impact of Tregs on the development of acute viral encephalomyelitis, T cell-mediated antiviral protection, and prevention of CNS autoimmunity following intranasal infection with the gliatropic mouse hepatitis virus strain A59. To assess the contribution of Tregs in vivo, we specifically depleted CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in a diphtheria toxin-dependent manner. We found that depletion of Tregs had no impact on viral distribution and clearance and did not significantly alter virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. However, Treg depletion led to a more severe CNS inflammation associated with neuronal damage. Dissection of the underlying immunopathological mechanisms revealed the elaborate Treg-dependent regulation of self-reactive CD4+ T cell proliferation within the CNS-draining lymph node and downtuning of CXCR3 expression on T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Tregs preserve CNS immune privilege through selective control of CNS-specific Th cells while keeping protective antiviral immunity fully operative.
Identification of a New cry1I-Type Gene as a Candidate for Gene Pyramiding in Corn To Control Ostrinia Species Larvae

ABSTRACT Pyramiding of diverse cry toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis with different modes of action is a desirable strategy to delay the evolution of resistance in the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Considering the dependency of susceptibility to Cry toxins on toxin binding to receptors in the midgut of target pests, a diverse mode of action is commonly defined as recognition of unique binding sites in the target insect. In this study, we present a novel cry1Ie toxin gene (cry1Ie2) as a candidate for pyramiding with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in corn to control Ostrinia species larvae. The new toxin gene encodes an 81-kDa protein that is processed to a protease-resistant core form of approximately 55 kDa by trypsin digestion. The purified protoxin displayed high toxicity to Ostrinia furnacalis and O. nubilalis larvae but low to no activity against Spodoptera or heliothine species or the coleopteran Tenebrio molitor. Results of binding assays with 125I-labeled Cry1Ab toxin and brush border membrane vesicles from O. nubilalis larvae demonstrated that Cry1Ie2 does not recognize the Cry1Ab binding sites in that insect. Reciprocal competition binding assays with biotin-labeled Cry1Ie2 confirmed the lack of shared sites with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in O. nubilalis brush border membrane vesicles. These data support Cry1Ie2 as a good candidate for pyramiding with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in corn to increase the control of O. nubilalis and reduce the risk of resistance evolution.
Two-way communication with wait-slot scheme for neighbor discovery process in dense Bluetooth low energy networks

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacon technology is well on the way to becoming the future of business due to its inexpensive and low-power properties. All communications in BLE networks must involve neighbor discovery process (NDP) in the first place since a BLE device needs to create a connection or exchange information with its neighbors. Thus, the performance of the discovery latency is a challenging issue to be addressed for integrating BLE into the Beacon application development as the number of BLE devices increases. In this paper, we propose a twoway communication with wait-slot scheme (TCWS) to minimize the probability of collision occurring on the response frames of BLE devices and improve the latency of NDP. We formulate the state transition diagram for analyzing the performance of our proposed scheme. The results show that TCWS provides much better performance in terms of the probability of collision and the discovery latency in dense BLE networks.
CLOZAPINE IN TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

The introduction of clozapine for the treatment of non responsive patients with schizophrenia has determined a real hope among patients, families and psychiatrists. This treatment is available that appears to be more effective than the standard or typical neuroleptics for many such treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. A growing number of reports suggest that clozapine may also have a role in other psychiatric conditions such as manic episode. Even though this review will focus on treatment- resistant positive symptoms, there is good evidence that psychosocial treatments, such as vocational rehabilitation and social skills training, can contribute to recovery of function once the debilitating psychotic, or positive, symptoms are adequately treated. The data from our study add to the growing evidence for efficacy of clozapine in schizophrenia.
Iris Recognition using Wavelet Transformation

The demand for an accurate biometric system that provides reliable identification and verification of an individual has increased over the years. A biometric system that provides reliable and accurate identification of an individual is an iris recognition system. In which paper describes the segmentation and the normalization processing for biometric iris recognition system, implemented and validated in MATLAB Software. In this work we use the image database digitized in greyscale, where segmentation algorithms were implemented based on region growing using wavelet decomposition with Gabor filter, finally an alternative segmentation algorithm was designed and implemented, its performance was evaluated with satisfactory results. This approach exploits multiple higher order local pixel dependencies to robustly classify the eye region pixels into iris or non-iris regions. The experimental results provide significant improvement in the segmentation accuracy. For the implementation of this proposed work we use the Image Processing Toolbox under Matlab software.
BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -IV. : near-infrared coronal lines, hidden broad lines and correlation with hard X-ray emission

We provide a comprehensive census of the near-infrared (NIR, 0.8–2.4 μm) spectroscopic properties of 102 nearby (z < 0.075) active galactic nuclei (AGN), selected in the hard X-ray band (14–195 keV) from the Swift-Burst Alert Telescope survey. With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, this regime is of increasing importance for dusty and obscured AGN surveys. We measure black hole masses in 68 per cent (69/102) of the sample using broad emission lines (34/102) and/or the velocity dispersion of the Ca ii triplet or the CO band-heads (46/102). We find that emission-line diagnostics in the NIR are ineffective at identifying bright, nearby AGN galaxies because [Fe ii] 1.257 μm/Paβ and H2 2.12 μm/Brγ identify only 25 per cent (25/102) as AGN with significant overlap with star-forming galaxies and only 20 per cent of Seyfert 2 have detected coronal lines (6/30). We measure the coronal line emission in Seyfert 2 to be weaker than in Seyfert 1 of the same bolometric luminosity suggesting obscuration by the nuclear torus. We find that the correlation between the hard X-ray and the [Si vi] coronal line luminosity is significantly better than with the [O iii] λ5007 luminosity. Finally, we find 3/29 galaxies (10 per cent) that are optically classified as Seyfert 2 show broad emission lines in the NIR. These AGN have the lowest levels of obscuration among the Seyfert 2s in our sample (log NH < 22.43 cm^(−2)), and all show signs of galaxy-scale interactions or mergers suggesting that the optical broad emission lines are obscured by host galaxy dust.
Crown plasticity enables trees to optimize canopy packing in mixed-species forests

Summary 1. It has been suggested that diverse forests utilize canopy space more efficiently than speciespoor ones, as mixing species with complementary architectural and physiological traits allows trees to pack more densely. However, whether positive canopy packing–diversity relationships are a general feature of forests remains unclear. 2. Using crown allometric data collected for 12 939 trees from permanent forest plots across Europe, we test (i) whether diversity promotes canopy packing across forest types and (ii) whether increased canopy packing occurs primarily through vertical stratification of tree crowns or as a result of intraspecific plasticity in crown morphology. 3. We found that canopy packing efficiency increased markedly in response to species richness across a range of forest types and species combinations. Positive canopy packing–diversity relationships were primarily driven by the fact that trees growing in mixture had sizably larger crowns (38% on average) than those in monoculture. 4. The ability of trees to plastically adapt the shape and size of their crowns in response to changes in local competitive environment is critical in allowing mixed-species forests to optimize the use of canopy space. By promoting the development of denser and more structurally complex canopies, species mixing can strongly impact nutrient cycling and storage in forest ecosystems.
Inter‐observer variability of clinical target volume delineation for bladder cancer using CT and cone beam CT

To compare the image quality of cone beam CT (CBCT) with that of planning CT (pCT) scan, and quantify inter‐observer differences in therapeutic indices based on these scans prior to the introduction of an adaptive radiation therapy protocol for bladder cancer. Four consecutive patients were selected with muscle invasive bladder cancer receiving radical dose radiation therapy. Four radiation oncologists specializing in genitourinary malignancies contoured the clinical target volume (CTV) and rectum on both a pCT and a randomly chosen CBCT of the same patient. A conformity index (CI) for CTV and the rectum was determined for both pCT and CBCT. The maximal lateral, anterior, posterior, cranial and caudal extensions of the CTV for both CT and CBCT were determined for each observer. Variation in volumes of both the CTV and rectum for both pCT and were also compared using Varian Eclipse planning software (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Using pCT the mean CI for the CTV was 0.79; using CBCT the mean CI for the CTV was 0.75. For the rectum, the mean CI for using CT was 0.80 and for CBCT was 0.74. Greatest variation on CBCT CTV contours was seen in the supero‐inferior direction with variation up to 2.1 cm between different radiation oncologists. With the variation in CI for pCT and CBCT of the CTV and rectum (0.04 and 0.06 respectively), CBCT is not significantly inferior to the pCT in terms of inter‐observer contouring variability.