Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Governance Structures on the Choice Between Exploration and Exploitation in Family Enterprises

Ambidexterity, the ability of firm to balance the need to explore for new and novel and exploit its existing knowledge, skills and capabilities has become an important issue for firms in these volatile times. What‘s been missing from this discussion is consideration of how the unique character of family enterprises influences their investments in exploration or exploitation? In this paper we develop a theoretical model to explain how the governance and ownership characteristics of a family enterprise impact the family enterprise‘s investments in exploration and exploitation activities. We contribute to the literature on family enterprises by proposing that certain governance characteristics such as the tenure of the generation in control, the proportion of senior management positions controlled by the family, the dispersion of family ownership and the transfer of control to the younger generation will all have certain effects on the investments in exploratory activities. Building on the relational view of family enterprises, we suggest that the characteristics of their relations with their employees and outside partners will influence the level of investments in exploratory and exploitative activities. Our theoretical standpoint within the context of organizational adaptation also shows that the two seemingly contradictory theories of stewardship and agency can be reconciled.
Enhanced deepwater circulation and shift of sedimentary organic matter oxidation pathway in the Okinawa Trough since the Holocene

High‐resolution biogeochemical and magnetic property analyses of a 20‐kyr sediment core in the Okinawa Trough revealed a significant upward decrease in total sulfur content (TS) at around 10 cal ka BP, which coincides with a transformation from foliation to anomalous sedimentary magnetic fabric, which indicates an enhancement of deepwater circulation. Synchronous change in biogeochemical and magnetic properties in sediments was likely triggered by the intensified Kuroshio Current, which strengthened surface water productivity and the relative input of marine organics to the sediments. However, this event did not promote sedimentary sulfur burial; instead, the synchronously enhanced deepwater circulation switched the organic carbon oxidation pathway from sulfate reduction to aerobic respiration which resulted in TS‐depleted sediments.
CONSERVATION AND READING COMPREHENSION AN ABSTRACT OF A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

This study sought to explore the relationship between conservation on a given Piagetian task and cloze comprehension of a written passage concerning the related concept. Piaget's theories concerning the child's conceptual stages of development and resultant cognitive structures may further our understanding of student difficulty in comprehending written materials related to specific scientific concepts. In this study, it was hypothesized that those students who were classified as Conservers would score significantly higher on cloze passages related to the concepts of number, quantity, and volume than would those students classified as Non-conservers. It was hoped that conclusions based on this research could be usefully applied to the more effective writing of science textbooks. Procedure and Sample The subjects were a group of 42 sixth grade urban public school students, who were judged to be of low socio-economic background. Conservation performance was assessed for the areas of number, quantity, and volume. On the basis of performance on the volume task (the only one which discriminated for this
Why College Students Want to Learn Asian Languages: A Comparative Study of Motivational Factors for the Selection of Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vi-etnamese

In recent years, more higher educational institutions started to offer less commonly taught languages, and the enrollments in Asian languages have been increasing. However, little was known about why students are interested in the study of a certain Asian language. This study investigates students’ motivation in the selection of one of four Asian languages: Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, and compares the motivational factors across these languages. Ninety-nine college students who enrolled in the first semester of one of these Asian language classes responded to a Likertscale questionnaire and open-ended questions. The findings showed that a wide variety of reasons initially motivated college students to learn an Asian language. These fell into six major motivational factors: cultural understanding, heritage-related factor, instrumental orientation, integrative orientation, achievement orientation, and administrative. The study found that there were both similarities and differences in the motivational factors across the four Asian languages. The cultural understanding and integrative orientation were the top two shared motivational factors, and administrative orientation was a weak factor across all language groups. In addition, differences in rank order among the six motivational factors were found between East Asian and Southeast Asian languages.
Toward a Political Conception of Corporate Responsibility - Business and Society Seen from a Habermasian Perspective

We review two important schools within business and society research, which we label positivist and post-positivist corporate social responsibility (CSR). The former is criticized because of its instrumentalism and normative vacuity, and the latter because of its relativism, foundationalism, and utopianism. We propose a new approach, based on J? rgen Habermas's theory of democracy, and define the new role of the business firm as a political actor in a globalizing society.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L. FRUITS AT DIFFERENT MATURITY STAGES

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the physicochemical, phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of various maturity stages of Morinda citrifolia L. fruit extracts. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, loss on drying and extractive values were determined. Fruits were extracted with ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water to analyse the presence of phytochemicals such as, carbohydrate, protein, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, steroids, alkaloids and glycosides. The antimicrobial properties of various extracts were assayed using the agar well diffusion method against five strains namely Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi , Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The maximum antibacterial activity was found against K. pneumonia (21 mm) in ethanol extract of mature M. citrifolia fruits whereas maximum antifungal activity was found against A. flavus (19 mm) in mature methanol extract.
The elemental abundance pattern of twenty lambda Bootis candidate stars

Detailed elemental abundances were derived for twenty bona fide Bootis as well as two MK standard stars. Other than LTE abundances for ten elements (including C and O), NLTE values for Na were determined. The group of Bootis stars consists of non-magnetic, Population I, late B to early F-type dwarfs with a typical abundance pattern (Fe-peak elements being underabundant whereas C, N, O and S being almost solar abundant). Since classification resolution spectroscopy in the optical domain is not capable of determining the abundance of the light elements, a detailed abundance analysis is the ultimate test for the membership of an object to this group. Another important point is the detection of apparent spectroscopic binary systems in which two solar abundance objects mimic one metal-weak star, as proposed as a working hypothesis by Faraggiana & Bonifacio (1999). From twenty program stars we are able to confirm or establish the membership for nine objects (HD 23258, HD 36726, HD 40588, HD 74911, HD 84123, HD 91130, HD 106223, HD 111604 and HD 290799). Five stars (HD 90821, HD 98772, HD 103483, HD 108765 and HD 261904) can be definitely ruled out as being members of the Bootis group whereas no unambiguous decision can be drawn for another six stars (HD 66684, HD 105058, HD 120500, HD 141851, HD 201184 and HD 294253). One very important result is the apparent overabundances found for Na which cannot be explained by accretion or mass-loss alone.
Effects of Drought Stress on Pigment, Ascorbic Acid and Free Amino Acids Content in Leaves of Two Apple Tree Cultivars

Summary SlRCELJ H. , BATIC F. & STAMPAR F. 1999. Effects of drought stress on pigment, ascorbic acid and free amino acids content in leaves of two apple tree cultivars. - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 39 (3): (97)-(100). Photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid and free amino acids content in leaves of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Elstar' and cv. 'Jonagold wilmuta' subjected to mild drought or no drought were measured by HPLC in order to detect drought stress. Water deficit Q¥L of approximately -1.9 MPa) increased ascorbic acid and zeaxanthin and decreased total chlorophyll (a+b), neoxanthin and s-carotene in leaves of cv. 'Jonagold wilmuta'. The results indicate that mild drought induced oxidative stress in leaves of cv. 'Jonagold wilmuta'. Drought Q¥L of approximately -2.0 MPa) had no statistically significant effects on oxidative stress indicators measured in leaves of cv. 'Elstar'. The free amino acid content increased in leaves of stressed plants in both cultivars. The most pronounced difference was found between control and stressed leaves in Orn, Arg and Pro content in cv. 'Elstar' and Pro and Arg content in cv. 'Jonagold wilmuta'. The results indicate that the tolerance to water deficit depends on the apple tree cultivar.
Activity Pattern and Food Habits of Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura) in Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India

Activity pattern and food habits of Grizzled Giant Squirrel were investigated in Srivilliputhur Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary from December 2011 to March 2012. Focal animal sampling method was used to record the activity pattern and food habits. Sampling was done in three different habitats viz., Private land, Reserve forest and Temple land. Feeding was the dominant activity accounting for 35.4% of the activity period. Bimodal feeding pattern was observed in Squirrels, the observations were made from early morning hours to till (0600-1800) late evening hours. The Squirrels feed upon 23 plant species; among them 11 were trees species, 10 climbers and 2 shrubs. Seven types of plant parts were used by Squirrels. Leaf consumption was high (38%) followed by fruit (24%). The high consumption of leaves was due to easy availability of leaves and limited availability of other plant parts. Squirrel’s invasion into Private Land and Temple Land was observed which can be attributed to abundance and easy availability of food plants, canopy continuity and less predatory pressure.
Employer search and employment subsidies

In this paper insights into the literature on employment subsidy evaluation and that on employer search are merged to explore uncharted territory: the firm and job characteristics leading to deadweight loss in employment subsidy schemes. A model is developed which integrates various arguments found in the existing employer search literature. Using a survey of Dutch firms for 1999, the model predictions are confirmed. The richness of the data set enables one to construct some measures of deadweight loss which are new to the existing literature. It turns out that firms which experience low screening costs (large firms), firms that forego substantial production due to unfilled jobs (vacancies for full-time jobs) and firms operating in slack labour market conditions cause significantly more deadweight loss.
Some non-price explanatory variables in fertiliser demand: the case of irrigated Pakistan.

It follows from the experience of World economies that rising and balanced use of fertilisers is the key factor in agricultural productivity [FAO (1995); SFS and STI (1996); Habib-ur-Rehman (1982) and Pinstrup-Anderson (1976)]. In the case of Pakistan the stepped up fertiliser use has been argued to be incritable to realise existing untapped yield potential of major crops [Johnston and Kilby (1975)] and to induce yield increasing technological change in future [John Mellor Associates and Asianics Agro-Dev. International (1993)]. Although proper malnutrition involves the use of primary, secondary and micro-nutrients, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus and Potassium (K) or NPK is generally considered to be sufficient to harvest normal crop yields [FAO and IFA (1999)]. Given this situation, this paper looks at various factors that determine fertiliser use in Pakistan. Although price of fertiliser is a critical factor in this respect [Schultz (1965) and Johnston and Cownie (1969)], only non-price factors are considered in this paper due to limitations of data. Apart from this introductory section, the paper comprises of three more sections. The following Section 2 explains the data and the empirical model. Section 3 presents the results. Section 4 summarises the main findings along with their policy implications.
Phylogenetic and Genome Analysis of 17 Novel Senecavirus A Isolates in Guangdong Province, 2017

Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging RNA virus, is considered to be associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD). From February to September 2017, 17 novel SVA strains were isolated from samples with the vesicular disease from Guangdong Province, China. Full-length genomes and individual genes of the 17 new SVA isolates were genetically and phylogentically analyzed. Results showed that complete genomes, VP1, 3C, and 3D genes of these 17 novel SVA isolates revealed 96.5–99.8%, 95.1–99.9%, 95.6–100%, and 96.9–99.7% nucleotides identities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of full-length genomes, VP1, 3C, and 3D genes indicated that 17 novel SVA isolates separated to three well-defined groups. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis for all available Chinese SVA strains demonstrated that 45 Chinese SVA strains clustered into five distinct groups with no significant relationship between strains from different provinces and/or years, including a newly emerging branch in China. This is the first comprehensive study of phylogenetic analysis for all available Chinese SVA strains, indicating the appearance of a new type of SVA strains and the complicated circulations with at least five different types of SVA strains in pigs in China.
HARMONIZING EFFECT OF MUSIC ON THE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ANXIETY

Anxiety disorders refer to a collection of mental syndromes characterized by abnormally h igh levels of distress and avoidance associated with scenarios perceived as dangerous. Music is an ancient and universal feature across all human societies. The ability to appreciate music requires no special training. In view of above, we were interested to explore the beneficial effects of Music Therapy in managing anxiety. This research project was carried out at Gupta Hospital, Hisar with the kind co - operation of psychiatrist Dr. Narender Kumar Gupta MD . Forty indoor patients suffering from anxiety admi tted at Gupta Hospital during the period from 1 st January, 2008 to 31 st July, 2008 served as research participants. Physiological parameters such as Blood Pressure (systolic/ diastolic), Pulse Rate (Bea ts/ minute), Body Temperature ( 0 F) and EEG were observ ed before and after Music Therapy sessions. Music Therapy administered for five days evoked fall in blood pressure and heart rate close to normal values in patients, who showed hypertension and tachycardia at the time of admission into the hospital. EEG wa s found to be normal in all the patients under study before and after Music Therapy. Music allows the patient to refocus upon something more pleasant, diverting his or her attention from monotony of hospitalization. Music Therapy is recommended as a cheap, safe and effective non - pharmacological anxiolytic agent due to its effect on the perception of pain and anxiety.
Food and feeding habits and condition factor of fish species in Qua Iboe River estuary, Akwa Ibom State, southeastern Nigeria

Food and feeding habits of 187 fish specimens made up of 17 species from Qua Iboe River estuary were studied from July – October 2008. Specimens with food were more (141; 75.40%) than those without food (46; 24.60%). Highest condition factor was obtained in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (2.71) while the least was found in Sarotherodon barracuda (0.37). Gastrosomatic index showed highest (100%) in eight species whereas the lowest occurred only in Trachinotus teraia (4.35%). The highest relative frequency of food items was observed in fish and sediments (10; 15.63%) while the lowest occurred in annelids, molluscs and unidentified foods (1; 1.56%). Others were crustaceans and detritus (8; 12.50%), algae and plant materials (7; 10.94%), nematodes (5; 7.80%) and protozoans and insects (3; 4.69%). Variation in food richness ranged from 1 food item (0.54%) in three species (Bathygobius soporator, Epinephelus aeneus and T. teraia) to 36 food items (19.67%) observed in Liza falcipinnis. In view of these diets, the fishes were subdivided into planktophaguous, herbivorous, predatory and detritivorous species. However, overlaps existed; fishes were found to feed on more than one type of food item which reduced competition and encouraged coexistence.
What matters most to prejudice: Big Five personality, Social Dominance Orientation, or Right‐Wing Authoritarianism?

Whereas previous research has studied the relation of either (i) personality with prejudice, (ii) personality with social dominance orientation (SDO) and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), or (iii) SDO and RWA with prejudice, the present research integrates all approaches within the same model. In our study (N = 183), various causal models of the relationships among the Big Five, SDO, RWA, and Generalized Prejudice are proposed and tested. Generalized Prejudice scores were obtained from a factor analysis of the scores on various prejudice instruments (racism, sexism, prejudice toward homosexuals, and mentally disabled people), which yielded a one‐factor solution. The best‐fitting causal model, which was our suggested hypothetical model, showed that Big Five personality had no direct effect on Generalized Prejudice but an indirect effect transmitted through RWA and SDO, where RWA seems to capture personality aspects to a greater extent than SDO. Specifically, Generalized Prejudice was affected indirectly by Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness through RWA, and by Agreeableness through SDO, whereas Neuroticism had no effect at all. The results are discussed against the background of previous research and the personality and social psychology approaches to the study of prejudice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study of a recommender system for Quality Estimation of Machine Translation based on linguistic features

The implementation of a machine translation system into production is not enough to warrant its efficient use. There exists the need to know when it is profitable to use machine translation as opposed to translating from scratch. That is why being able to estimate the quality of a machine translation is crucial. This thesis investigates the task of quality estimation of machine translation for a specific machine translation system and a specific domain by developing a recommender system for Spanish to English. The work further investigates how quality estimation can benefit from the use of linguistic characteristics in contrast to the more common shallower features. The data was collected from real translators who performed a post-editing task, and the linguistic features were manually annotated. First, we build a classification model that selects sentences for post-editing or translating. Secondly, we perform a regression task based on three quality indicators: Quality, Time and HTER. Although experimentation shows some promising results, overall the selected features are not discriminative enough for the recommender system to be implemented into production. Results are discussed at different levels, suggesting a replication at a larger scale, with automatic annotation of informative linguistic features.
Scenario of solid waste management in present Indian context

A trend of significant increase in municipal solid waste generation has been recorded worldwide. This has been found due to over population growth rate, industrialization, urbanization and economic growth. Consumerism speed has been found very high covering around more then 50% of total population since last decade due to higher economic growth, which has ultimately resulted in increased solid waste generation. Municipal solid waste generation showed different trend and a positive correlation with economic development in term of kg/capita/day solid waste generation at world scale. Municipal solid waste generation has been recorded much higher in western and some eastern developed countries. Solid waste generation kg/capita/day was found 2 kg in USA, 1.89 kg in Australia, 1.8 kg in Canada, 1.83 kg in Ireland, 1.1 kg in Belgium and Switzerland, 0.99 kg in Spain, 0.96 kg in Italy, 0.85 kg in Mexico and Greece during 1992 as per report and expected to be increased at least 25% by 2005 due to population and economic revolution. Similarly solid waste generation in several developing countries and cities has been found in South East Asia region. Some important data can be mentioned such as 1.2 kg in Changging (1997), 0.6 kg in Shanghai (1993), 0.88 kg in Beijing (1991), 1.17 kg in Hong Kong residential cities and 3.9 kg commercial (1994), 1.5 kg in Tokyo, 2.7 kg in Osaka, Japan (1993), 0.66 kg in Jakarta, Indonesia (1993), 1.29 kg in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1989), 0.53 kg in Metro Manila Philippines (1995), 0.5 kg in Khulana, Dhaka, Chittagong, 0.4 kg Sylhat, Bangladesh (1991). Total Solid waste generated in Tons/day would be proportionate to the population of specific city in that specific/mentioned year. Population growth and solid waste generation in India has varying trend and correlation between population and solid waste generation of specificity is not necessary to be applicable. Population growth and solid waste generation in India has varying trend and correlation between population and solid waste generation of specific city is not necessary to be applicable. Population increased from 8.2 to 12.3 million in Mumbai during the period of Ten years (1981-97) at the rate of 49%. Similarly the population growth has been found to rise exponentially in other Indian cities; however, the growth rate may be varying. Trend of urbanization played significant role in enhancement of solid waste generation and in India it was 27.8% in 2001 and expected to reach 41% by 2021. In certain Indian cities, Solid waste generation has been found in 1995 was 0.64 kg in Kanpur, 0.52 kg in Lucknow, 0.4 kg in Varanasi, 0.59 kg in Ahemadabad and 0.44 kg in Mumbai. Currently total solid waste generated in India is around 42 million tons annually. Waste generation varies from 200-600 kg/capita/day and collection efficiency ranges from 50-90%.