Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The heritability of certain anthropometric characters as ascertained from measurements of twins.

VARIATION in some of the most interesting human attributes is of a nearly continuous nature and has not yet been associated with specific genes. For this reason there is sometimes disagreement concerning the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in producing this variation. Estimates of the genetic component of the variation which are based on sib-sib and parent-offspring correlation or regression tend to be exaggerated by the fact that environmental factors are not constant between families. The unique advantage of twins in overcoming this difficulty has been recognized since the time of Galton. Until recently, however, the number of recognizable and commonly variable genetic characters has been too small to be of much use in diagnosing zygosity. Partly for this reason and partly because of the expense of obtaining extensive data from series of twins not many comprehensive studies of heritability have been attempted with them. In 1952 the Institute of Human Biology, under the direction of Lee R. Dice, initiated the Hereditary Abilities Study with the purpose of investigating the heritability and interrelationships of a number of psychological, biochemical, and physical traits. The data collected by this study consist of numerous measurements from monozygous and like-sexed dizygous twins. The present paper, which is concerned with the heritability of the physical traits only, is one of a series of reports which will be based on these data.
Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Limited Backhaul

We consider a cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and investigate the system performance for the case when the quantized version of the estimated channel and the quantized received signal are available at the central processing unit (CPU), and the case when only the quantized version of the combined signal with maximum ratio combining (MRC) detector is available at the CPU. Next, we study the max-min optimization problem, where the minimum user uplink rate is maximized with backhaul capacity constraints. To deal with the max-min non-convex problem, we propose to decompose the original problem into two sub-problems. Based on these sub- problems, we develop an iterative scheme which solves the original max-min user uplink rate. Moreover, we present a user assignment algorithm to further improve the performance of cell-free Massive MIMO with limited backhaul links.
Life Satisfaction in Croatia

In this paper we identify the factors that have influenced average life satisfaction for Croatians based on data collected in reports from 1999 and 2006. Our analysis of the data from the European Values Survey (EVS) reveals that in 1999 life satisfaction was higher for people who were married, those who were employed, and those who had an income between 5,001 and 8,000 Croatian kuna (HRK) per month. Life satisfaction was U-shaped in age, minimizing around the age of 50. There appeared to be little correlation between life satisfaction and education level. Based on our analysis of the 2006 data from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), we find that in 2006 life satisfaction was higher for people who were married, those who were employed, those who were out of the labor force, those with a university degree, and those with higher incomes. The impact of age in 2006 was U-shaped as it was in the 1999 data, minimizing around the age of 58. The data from both years strongly supports the view that life satisfaction rises with GDP per capita in the county in which a respondent resides.
Measuring waves and currents with an upward-looking ADCP

Routine monitoring of waves and currents in the nearshore region is of great interest both scientifically and to the general public because of their role in coastline erosion and their impact on recreational activities. Historically, the technology for measuring these quantities has been distinct, requiring separate instrumentation for each. In this contribution the authors show that it is possible in shallow water to estimate both wave height and direction from a conventional bottom-mounted, upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler. Height and direction spectra compare well with a co-located array of pressure gages.
Analysis of Peak Oxygen Consumption and Heart Rate during Elliptical and Treadmill Exercise

Objective: To compare peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) during treadmill (TM) running and exercise on an elliptical trainer (ET). Design: A graded exercise test (GXT) during TM running and ET exercise. Participants: Physically active college students (N = 14; 25 ± 4.6 years). Each completed a TM GXT and ET GXT on separate days. Results: There were no differences in either VO2peak or peak HR between TM (53.0 ± 7.7 ml · kg–1 · min–1, 193.4 ± 9.4 bpm) and ET (51.6 ± 10.7 ml · kg–1 · min–1, 191.2 ± 11.5 bpm; P > .05). Correlations between HR and VO2 data for all stages of exercise for all subjects were similar between machines (ET: r = .88; TM: r = .95; P > .05). Conclusion: No adjustments to the target HR used during TM running are necessary when using the ET.
Exhaled nitric oxide does not reflect the severity of acute lung injury: An experimental study in a rat model of extracorporeal circulation

Objective This study was undertaken to determine whether an increase in exhaled nitric oxide would reflect the severity of the acute lung injury caused by extracorporeal circulation. Design Prospective, controlled animal laboratory investigation. Setting University laboratory. Subjects Male, anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated Wistar rats (n = 34). Interventions Twenty-three Wistar rats underwent a partial (100 mL·kg−1·min−1) femoro-femoral extracorporeal circulation in normothermia for 90 mins. Eleven time-matched rats formed the sham group. Measurements and Main Results Exhaled nitric oxide was monitored with a chemiluminescence analyzer. Acute lung injury was assessed by blood gas analysis and lung water content. Lung Evans blue dye content, lung myeloperoxidase, and heme oxygenase activities were determined. Compared with the sham rats, extracorporeal circulation was responsible for acute lung injury characterized by an increased lung water content (82.4 ± 1.3% vs. 77.9 ± 1.1%;p < .05), an increased Evans blue dye content (191.8 ± 15.8 vs. 112.5 ± 16.8 mg/g tissue wet weight;p < .01), and an increased pulmonary heme oxygenase activity (332.9 ± 107 vs. 113.7 ± 46.5 pmol· hr−1·mg of protein−1;p < .05). Exhaled nitric oxide remained stable throughout the experiment in all sham rats. Among the 23 rats that underwent extracorporeal circulation, eight rats (35%) experienced an increase in exhaled nitric oxide concentration (16.9 ± 12.7 ppb). There was no significant difference between rats that did or did not experience an increase in exhaled nitric oxide regarding each index of acute lung injury. Conclusions An increase in exhaled nitric oxide did not reflect the severity of the acute lung injury caused by extracorporeal circulation. Its significance remains to be determined.
Use of Leflunomide in Renal Transplant Recipients with Ganciclovir-Resistant/Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Series from the University of Chicago

Introduction: Although antiviral prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is widely used, CMV infection remains common in renal transplant recipients with adverse consequences. Methods: We report 5 cases of renal transplant recipients with resistant CMV infection who were successfully managed with leflunomide at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Results: Five renal transplant recipients (2 simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplants, 3 deceased donor kidney transplants) were diagnosed with GCV-resistant CMV infection from 2003 to 2011. Of the 4 patients who had resistance genotype testing, 3 showed a UL97 mutation and 1 patient had a clinically resistant CMV infection. All patients received CMV prophylaxis with valganciclovir for 3 months. The number of days from the date of transplant to viremia ranged from 38 to 458 days (median 219). All 5 patients received other antiviral agents (e.g. ganciclovir, foscarnet), and in 4 patients, viremia was cleared before leflunomide was initiated as consolidation (or maintenance) therapy. Conclusion: Leflunomide was well tolerated and successful in preventing recurrence of viremia in renal transplant recipients with resistant CMV infection. The beneficial effect of leflunomide in this setting warrants further investigation.
Impact of network overlapping on dynamical interplay between information and epidemics

Here we introduce a new model to study the interaction between epidemics and information spreading in multiplex network, in which these two diffusive processes affect each other. In this model, the information spreading can inhibit the epidemics, which can be reflected by both transient process and steady state. However, the epidemics facilitates the information spreading in transient process, but not in steady state. Moreover, we study the role of network overlapping and find that overlapping doesn't just amplify the effect of information. In some cases network overlapping can have different roles on the inhibiting effect of information spreading, which depends on the relative time scale between two dynamics. When epidemic spreading is much quicker than information or they are with comparable time scale, increasing network overlapping can promote the inhibiting effect of information on epidemics. On the contrary, when information is much quicker, increasing network overlapping will first weaken the inhibiting effect to some extent and then enhance it again. This implies that network overlapping doesn't always act positively in inhibiting epidemics.
Marbofloxacin reaches high concentration in pig tonsils in a dose-dependent fashion.

*Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vetoquinol, RD Vetoquinol E.V. S.A 28830 San Fernando de Henares, Madrid; Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculte de medecine veterinarie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: evaluation with MR angiography.

PURPOSE To show that postgadolinium three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography shows abnormal intradural vessels associated with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula better than routine MR imaging and provides screening information useful for subsequent diagnostic conventional angiography and/or posttreatment evaluation. METHODS Precontrast and postcontrast MR imaging and MR angiograms, as well as subsequent digital subtraction angiograms, were obtained for eight patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas, diagnosed with digital subtraction angiography and verified with surgery. In four patients, MR studies also were obtained after surgery. RESULTS All patients had cord hyperintensity of T2-weighted images and postgadolinium enhancement on T1-weighted images. Five had vessellike signal abnormalities in the subarachnoid space on MR. Abnormal intradural vessels were detected in all eight patients with MR angiography. Comparison with digital subtraction angiography revealed these vessels to be primarily enlarged veins of the coronal venous plexus on the cord surface. In six patients, the medullary vein draining the fistula was demonstrated, indicating the level of the fistula, later identified by digital subtraction angiography. After surgical obliteration of the fistula, the draining medullary vein and most or all of the abnormal coronal veins were no longer demonstrated, with decrease or resolution of cord hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. CONCLUSION Postgadolinium, spinal MR angiography in cases of suspected dural arteriovenous fistula provides information about intradural veins that supplements the diagnostic value of the MR imaging results, facilitates the subsequent digital subtraction angiography study, and, in treated cases, reflects the success of surgery and/or embolization.
The exact distribution of Cochran's heterogeneity statistic in one‐way random effects meta‐analysis

The presence and impact of heterogeneity in the standard one‐way random effects model in meta‐analysis are often assessed using the Q statistic due to Cochran. We derive the exact distribution of this statistic under the assumptions of the random effects model, and also suggest two moment‐based approximations and a saddlepoint approximation for Q. The exact and approximate distributions are then applied to obtain the corresponding distributions of the recently proposed heterogeneity measures I2 and H M2 , the power of the standard test for the presence of heterogeneity and confidence intervals for the between‐study variance parameter when the DerSimonian–Laird or the Hartung–Makambi estimator is used. The methodology is illustrated by revisiting a recent simulation study concerning the heterogeneity measures and applying all the proposed methods to four published meta‐analyses. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equine Cloning: In Vitro and In Vivo Development of Aggregated Embryos1

ABSTRACT The production of cloned equine embryos remains highly inefficient. Embryo aggregation has not yet been tested in the equine, and it might represent an interesting strategy to improve embryo development. This study evaluated the effect of cloned embryo aggregation on in vitro and in vivo equine embryo development. Zona-free reconstructed embryos were individually cultured in microwells (nonaggregated group) or as 2- or 3-embryo aggregates (aggregated groups). For in vitro development, they were cultured until blastocyst stage and then either fixed for Oct-4 immunocytochemical staining or maintained in in vitro culture where blastocyst expansion was measured daily until Day 17 or the day on which they collapsed. For in vivo assays, Day 7–8 blastocysts were transferred to synchronized mares and resultant vesicles, and cloned embryos were measured by ultrasonography. Embryo aggregation improved blastocyst rates on a per well basis, and aggregation did not imply additional oocytes to obtain blastocysts. Embryo aggregation improved embryo quality, nevertheless it did not affect Day 8 and Day 16 blastocyst Oct-4 expression patterns. Equine cloned blastocysts expanded and increased their cell numbers when they were maintained in in vitro culture, describing a particular pattern of embryo growth that was unexpectedly independent of embryo aggregation, as all embryos reached similar size after Day 7. Early pregnancy rates were higher using blastocysts derived from aggregated embryos, and advanced pregnancies as live healthy foals also resulted from aggregated embryos. These results indicate that the strategy of aggregating embryos can improve their development, supporting the establishment of equine cloned pregnancies.
DISCRIMINATION OF HEALTHY AND BRAIN-DAMAGED ELDERLY USING THE WAIS-R

The authors evaluated the ability of WAIS-R variables to discriminate normal from brain-damaged persons 75 years of age and older. Fifty-four brain-damaged patients and 54 healthy elderly were matched on the variables of age, education, sex, and race. Significant level of performance differences emerged between the groups on all subtests and the three IQs. No group differences were found on the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy score or range of subtest scatter. Step-wise discriminant analysis revealed that Digit Symbol was the most potent WAIS-R variable, accounting for 34% of the variance and correctly classifying 79.6% of the subjects.
Visual Discrimination and Visuomotor Integration among Two Classes of Brazilian Children

The Raven Matrices, Beery, and Bender-Gestalt rests were given to 415 Brazilian children in public and private schools corresponding to two socioeconomic statuses. Both social class and grade in school influenced all scores more than age. The Raven Matrices appeared to be the most affected by social class differences. Visual-motor integration and visual discrimination skills were moderately (.47—.69) correlated, especially among the private school students. Maturational differences based on age and school grade were considered somewhat better assessed by the Beery than the Raven or Bender-Gestalt tests. The wide age range at each grade and the decreasing enrollment in higher grades makes interpretation difficult.
Close Enough for Comfort? The Spatial Structure of Interest and Information in Ballot Measure Elections

This study considers the importance of spatial context in state ballot-initiative elections. We argue that spatial context provides important information voters use to decide how to vote on initiatives with geographically based policy implications. Herein, we analyze tract-level voting on three California Indian Gaming initiatives. The findings indicate that voters located near Indian nations without gaming were less likely to support expansion of gaming, whereas those with exposure to tribes with gaming were more likely to vote in favor of its expansion. Further, exposure to gaming conditions the relationship between exposure to tribes without gaming and voting on gaming initiatives. Theoretically, the results suggest that spatial location serves as a proxy for the information that voters rely on when voting on geographically linked ballot initiatives.
Molecular changes during arsenic‐induced cell transformation

Arsenic and its derivatives are naturally occurring metalloid compounds widely distributed in the environment. Arsenics are known to cause cancers of the skin, liver, lung, kidney, and bladder. Although numerous carcinogenic pathways have been proposed, the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be delineated. To further characterize the role of oxidative stress in arsenite‐induced cell transformation via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated Ras/Erk pathway, here we demonstrated arsenite‐induced rat lung epithelial cell (LEC) transformation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, stimulation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway, and enhancement of cell proliferation. However, there was no evidence of activation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway in arsenite‐induced transformed LECs. Since ROS is involved in arsenite‐induced LEC cell transformation, Redox‐status regulatory proteins (Cu/Zn SOD and thioredoxin) and arsenite‐induced LEC cell transformation were significantly inhibited by concurrent treatment with the antioxidants. Our experimental results clearly demonstrated that induction of p‐ERK and cell proliferation by arsenite is mediated via oxidative stress, since antioxidants can inhibit arsenite‐induced cell transformation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3225–3232, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and risk of atrial fibrillation: The Rotterdam Study

Background High plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels have been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. To our knowledge, no previous follow-up study has investigated the association between DHEAS and the development of atrial fibrillation. Our objective was to investigate the association between DHEAS levels and incident atrial fibrillation. Methods and results The study was based on a random sample within the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. The study population comprised 1180 participants without atrial fibrillation at baseline for whom baseline levels of DHEAS were measured in plasma. Atrial fibrillation was ascertained from centre visit electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments as well as medical records. During a mean follow-up period of 12.3 years, 129 participants developed atrial fibrillation. DHEAS levels were inversely associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD): 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–0.94). Subjects in the highest DHEAS quartile had an almost three times lower risk of atrial fibrillation during follow-up, compared to those in the lowest DHEAS quartile (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18–0.64) adjusted for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion DHEAS can be regarded as an important indicator of future atrial fibrillation in both men and women, independent of known cardiovascular risk factors.
A-Line, Bispectral Index, and Estimated Effect-Site Concentrations: A Prediction of Clinical End-Points of Anesthesia

Autoregressive modeling with exogenous input of middle-latency auditory evoked potentials (A-Line AEP index, AAI) has been developed for monitoring depth of anesthesia. We investigated the prediction of recovery and dose-response relationship of desflurane and AAI or bispectral index (BIS) values. Twenty adult men scheduled for radical prostatectomy were recruited. To minimize opioid effects, analgesia was provided by a concurrent epidural in addition to the general anesthetic. Electrodes for AAI and BIS monitoring and a headphone for auditory stimuli were applied. Propofol and remifentanil were used for anesthetic induction. Maintenance of anesthesia was with desflurane only. For comparison to AAI and BIS monitor parameters, pharmacokinetic models for desflurane and propofol distribution and effect-site concentrations were used to predict clinical end-points (Prediction probability PK). Patients opened their eyes at an AAI value of 47 ± 20 and a BIS value of 77 ± 14 (mean ± sd), and the prediction probability for eye opening was PK = 0.81 for AAI, PK = 0.89 for BIS, and PK = 0.91 for desflurane effect-site concentration. The opening of eyes was best predicted by the calculated desflurane effect-site concentration. The relationship between predicted desflurane effect-site concentration versus AAI and BIS was calculated by nonlinear regression analysis (r = 0.75 for AAI and r = 0.80 for BIS). The correlation between BIS and clinical end-points of anesthesia or the desflurane effect-compartment concentration is better than for the AAI.
Characterization and response to mitogens of mammary lymphocytes from the bovine dry-period secretion

SUMMARY From bovine mammary secretion during the dry period, the total number of cells was between 1·2 and 5·9 Ǻ 106/ml. A mean of 35% of these cells were classified as lymphocytes and ∼ 85% of them could be isolated by the Ficoll-isopac method. Centrifugation separated 6% of the cells into the fat; 5% of them were lymphocytes. About 47% of the lymphocytes bound Helix pomatia agglutinin, a T-cells marker, while the proportion of Ig-bearing cells was ∼ 28%. The mammary lymphocytes were stimulated by the lectins phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A and by lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium. The stimulation indices of mammary lymphocytes were generally lower than those for peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same animals. The background values, i.e. counts/min of lymphocytes incubated without mitogen, were often higher for lymphocytes isolated from mammary secretion than from blood.
Making Healthy Behaviors the Easy Choice for Employees

As employers look for ways to reduce rising health care costs, worksite health promotion interventions are increasingly being used to improve employee health behaviors. An alternative approach to traditional worksite health promotion programs is the implementation of environmental and/or policy changes to encourage employees to adopt healthier behaviors. This review examines the evidence for the effectiveness of worksite health promotion programs using environmental and/or policy changes either alone or in combination with individually focused health behavior change strategies. A review of the relevant literature, published between 1995 and 2010, identified 27 studies that met all inclusion criteria. Limited evidence was found for the effectiveness of environmental and/or policy changes alone (n = 11) to change employee behavior, but more promising results were identified with multicomponent interventions (n = 16). There is a strong need for improvement in the design and evaluation of future health promotion programs focusing solely on environmental and/or policy changes at the worksite.