Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral circulatory functions in man.

The effect of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood flow has been the object of very few clinical studies. In accordance with the MonroeKellie-Cushing Doctrine, it would be presumed that increased intracranial pressure would increase cerebrovascular resistance and thereby decrease cerebral blood flow. However, Williams and Lennox (1) in 1939 concluded on the basis of cerebral arteriovenous oxygen differences that cerebral blood flow was practically unaffected by a rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Courtice (2) also working with humans and using a similar technique came to a different conclusion: that there was a slowing of blood flow through the brain in certain types of brain tumor associated with increased intracranial pressure. More recently Ferris (3), using a plethysmographic meas-
Fermions, strings, and gauge fields in lattice spin models

We investigate the general properties of lattice spin models with emerging fermionic excitations. We argue that fermions always come in pairs and their creation operator always has a stringlike structure with the newly created particles appearing at the end points of the string. The physical implication of this structure is that the fermions always couple to a nontrivial gauge field. We present exactly soluble examples of this phenomenon in two and three dimensions. Our analysis is based on an algebraic formula that relates the statistics of a lattice particle to the properties of its hopping operators. This approach has the advantage in that it works in any number of dimensions\char22{}unlike the flux-binding picture developed in fractional quantum Hall theory.
Bis: looking beyond the number.

contrast, the B-Unaware trial showed no reduction of awareness or administration of volatile anaesthetic agent using BIS monitoring compared with monitoring end-tidal anaesthetic concentration (ETAC). The BAG-RECALL trial demonstrated fewer episodes of awareness in an ETAC group compared with BIS, and the BIS-associated reduction of awareness had an NNT of 3333 with significant associated costs. Despite quality trials demonstrating conflicting results and a Cochrane review showing inconclusive evidence, the use of DOA monitors is still recommended in patients undergoing relaxant GA or total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Presumably, neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) conceal conscious behaviour. It is known that BIS levels in already anaesthetised patients decrease with reduced EMG activity associated with NMBD use, and this has been interpreted as EMG noise affecting BIS algorithms. Schuller and colleagues demonstrated BIS values as low as 44 and 47 in fully conscious, paralysed patients, values that only returned to normal with the return of motor function. Despite the study limitation of low subject numbers, the consistent response may be evidence of a flaw in the algorithm of DOA monitors and places the validity of their use in the situation of relaxant anaesthesia in doubt. The reliance on BIS technology may provide a false sense of security about the reduction in the risk of awareness, as stated by Avidan and colleagues in the B-Unaware trial. Quality improvement measures being considered to address the lack of policies to prevent and manage awareness under anaesthesia are important, but a measured approach to the continued use of DOA monitors, with their associated cost and conflicting reliability, is also important. Is it possible Schuller and colleagues’ study establishes that we have not progressed further than the recommendation that avoidance or minimisation of paralysis is the most effective available method to prevent intraoperative awareness.
Eating behavior disorders in Chilean infants.

UNLABELLED Eating behavior disorders (EBD) are often observed in children. Most of the related research, however, has been performed in developed countries. In countries like Chile, characterization of food disorders during the first years of life is unknown. OBJECTIVE The goal of the current study is to characterize the EBD of Chilean children during the first 2 years of life. METHODS We studied 67 children (mean age = 5.4 months; range = 4-24 months). The study group (SG; according to criteria in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) consisted of 34 children with EBD whose mothers spontaneously consulted for difficulties for feeding and the control group (CG) included 33 healthy children. A structured recall was applied to their mothers. RESULTS EBD onset was observed more frequently during the first semester of life and was associated with new foods. The children in the SG presented with lower birth weight (SG: 3,000 +/- 500 g; CG: 3,400 +/- 500 g; p < .001), weight/length (-0.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 0.8 +/- 1.1; p = .0001), and length/age z scores (-0.7 +/- 1.0 vs. -0.1 +/- 0.8; p = .007) than children in the CG. Early weaning before 4 months of age was more frequently found in the SG (44.1% vs. 12.1%; p = .04). The logistic regression showed as variables those associated with EBD, that is, birth weight and maternal history of EDB during her infancy (chi(2), p = . 0003). Mothers of children in the SG felt that their maternal role was more difficult and less satisfactory than mothers of children in the CG (chi(2), p = . 03). DISCUSSION EBDs in Chilean infants are observed during the first months of life and are associated with a lower birth weight, shortened exclusive breast-feeding, maternal history of EBD during their infancy, and lower physical growth. Mothers of children with EBD frequently feel that their maternal role is difficult and unsatisfactory.
Patent Trading Flows of Small and Large Firms

Abstract This article provides new evidence on the patent trading flows of small and large firms. We document aggregate patterns of patent sales and acquisitions of small and large firms. We also examine the extent to which the initial innovator's and the potential buyers’ prior knowledge stocks in the same technology area and in geographical proximity with a patented invention are associated with the likelihood that the patent is sold, and whether the patent sold is bought by a small or large firm. To do so, we develop a dataset that matches patent sales and information on whether transacted patents are owned by small or large firms following a patent sale.
Epidermal growth factor down‐regulates the expression of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) through E‐cadherin in pancreatic cancer cells

The authors previously reported that neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) overexpression significantly blocked invasion and angiogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). They also demonstrated a loss of NGAL expression in the advanced stages of PDAC. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms of NGAL regulation in PDAC. Because the epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐EGF receptor (EGFR) axis is up‐regulated significantly in PDAC, they examined EGF‐mediated NGAL regulation in these cells.
How does money influence health

Why do people in poverty tend to have poorer health? This study looks at hundreds of theories to consider how income influences health. There is a graded association between money and health ? increased income equates to better health. But the reasons are debated. Researchers have reviewed theories from 272 wide-ranging papers, most of which examined the complex interactions between people? s income and their health throughout their lives. Key points This research identifies four main ways money affects people? s wellbeing: Material: Money buys goods and services that improve health. The more money families have, the better the goods they can buy. Psychosocial: Managing on a low income is stressful. Comparing oneself to others and feeling at the bottom of the social ladder can be distressing, which can lead to biochemical changes in the body, eventually causing ill health. Behavioural: For various reasons, people on low incomes are more likely to adopt unhealthy behaviours ? smoking and drinking, for example ? while those on higher incomes are more able to afford healthier lifestyles. Reverse causation (poor health leads to low income): Health may affect income by preventing people from taking paid employment. Childhood health may also affect educational outcomes, limiting job opportunities and potential earnings. The research is part of our programme of work on poverty in the UK.
Influence of Spasticity on Mobility and Balance in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Purpose: Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes that presumably affects mobility and balance. This investigation examined the hypothesis that persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have spasticity of the lower legs would have more impairment of mobility and balance compared to those without spasticity. Methods: Participants were 34 ambulatory persons with a definite diagnosis of MS. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was used to characterize disability in the study sample. All participants underwent measurements of spasticity in the gastroc-soleus muscles of both legs (modified Ashworth scale), walking speed (timed 25-foot walk), mobility (Timed Up and Go), walking endurance (6-minute walk test), self-reported impact of MS on walking ability (Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12), and balance (Berg Balance Test and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale). Results: Fifteen participants had spasticity of the gastroc-soleus muscles based on modified Ashworth scale scores. The spasticity group had lower median EDSS scores indicating greater disability (P=0.03). Mobility and balance were significantly more impaired in the group with spasticity compared to the group without spasticity: timed 25-foot walk (P = 0.02, d = −0.74), Timed Up and Go (P = 0.01, d = −0.84), 6-minute walk test (P < 0.01, d = 1.03), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (P = 0.04, d = −0.76), Berg Balance Test (P = 0.02, d = −0.84) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (P = 0.04, d = −0.59). Discussion and Conclusion: Spasticity in the gastroc-soleus muscles appears to have negative effect on mobility and balance in persons with MS. The relationship between spasticity and disability in persons with MS requires further exploration.
Partial purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium 130 isolated from mozzarella cheese

Lactic acid bacteria are important in foods as potential probiotics and also due to the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds that can contribute for biopreservation. In this work, the bacteriocin produced by the food isolate Enterococcus faecium 130 was partially purified and characterized. The compound was active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. It was produced after 4 days of storage at a broad temperature range (4 to 37 °C); it was stable at pH ranging from 2 to 10 with no loss of activity after heating at 100 °C for 15 minutes. Bacteriocin was partially purified by the adsorption-desorption technique, and the analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a molecular mass of 3.5 to 6.5 kDa. These data encourage studies on application of this bacteriocin in food systems as an additional hurdle to microbial growth.
Repository July 2017 Mixture Modelling of the HEXACO Personality Inventory

II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . III TABLE OF CONTENTS . IV LIST OF TABLES . VI LIST OF FIGURES . VIII LIST OF APPENDICES . IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Latent Variables and Factor Analysis . 2 1.2 Mixture Modeling . 3 1.2.1 Latent Profile Analyses. 4 1.2.2 Factor Mixture Model . 7 1.3 Applications of Mixture Modelling in Psychology . 9 1.4 Applications of Mixture Modeling in Personality Trait Research . 11 1.5 Objectives of the Study . 16 CHAPTER 2: METHODS . 18 2.1 Sample . 18 2.2 Measure . 18 2.3 Analytic Plan and Procedures . 20 2.3. 1 Confirmatory Factor Analyses. 21 2.3. 2 Latent Profile Analyses. 21 2.3. 3 Factor Mixture Model. 23 2.4 Sources of Variance in Mixture Models . 24
Differentiation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells into pancreatic islet beta-cells.

AIM To explore the possibility of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro differentiating into functional islet-like cells and to test the diabetes therapeutic potency of Islet-like cells. METHODS Rat MSCs were isolated from Wistar rats and cultured. Passaged MSCs were induced to differentiate into islet-like cells under following conditions: pre-induction with L-DMEM including 10 mmol/L nicotinamide+1 mmol/L beta-mercaptoethanol+200 mL/L fetal calf serum (FSC) for 24 h, followed by induction with serum free H-DMEM solution including 10 mmol/L nicotinamide+1 mmol/L, beta-mercaptoethanol for 10 h. Differentiated cells were observed under inverse microscopy, insulin and nestin expressed in differentiated cells were detected with immunocytochemistry. Insulin excreted from differentiated cells was tested with radioimmunoassay. Rat diabetic models were made to test in vivo function of differentiated MSCs. RESULTS Typical islet -like clustered cells were observed. Insulin mRNA and protein expressions were positive in differentiated cells, and nestin could be detected in pre-differentiated cells. Insulin excreted from differentiated MSCs (446.93+/-102.28 IU/L) was much higher than that from pre-differentiated MSCs (2.45+/-0.81 IU/L (P<0.01). Injected differentiated MSCs cells could down-regulate glucose level in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Islet-like functional cells can be differentiated from marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which may be a new procedure for clinical diabetes stem -cell therapy, these cells can control blood glucose level in diabetic rats. MSCs may play an important role in diabetes therapy by islet differentiation and transplantation.
Millimeter Wave Channel Estimation via Exploiting Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Structures

We consider the problem of channel estimation for millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, where, to minimize the hardware complexity and power consumption, an analog transmit beamforming and receive combining structure with only one radio frequency chain at the base station and mobile station is employed. Most existing works for mmWave channel estimation exploit sparse scattering characteristics of the channel. In addition to sparsity, mmWave channels may exhibit angular spreads over the angle of arrival, angle of departure, and elevation domains. In this paper, we show that angular spreads give rise to a useful low-rank structure that, along with the sparsity, can be simultaneously utilized to reduce the sample complexity, i.e., the number of samples needed to successfully recover the mmWave channel. Specifically, to effectively leverage the joint sparse and low-rank structure, we develop a two-stage compressed sensing method for mmWave channel estimation, where the sparse and low-rank properties are respectively utilized in two consecutive stages, namely, a matrix completion stage and a sparse recovery stage. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the proposed two-stage scheme can achieve a lower sample complexity than a conventional compressed sensing method that exploits only the sparse structure of the mmWave channel. Simulation results are provided to corroborate our theoretical results and to show the superiority of the proposed two-stage method.
Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on human alpha rhythms: Resting EEG in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly

The present study was conducted to determine whether adolescents and/or the elderly are more sensitive to mobile phone (MP)‐related bioeffects than young adults, and to determine this for both 2nd generation (2G) GSM, and 3rd generation (3G) W‐CDMA exposures. To test this, resting alpha activity (8–12 Hz band of the electroencephalogram) was assessed because numerous studies have now reported it to be enhanced by MP exposure. Forty‐one 13–15 year olds, forty‐two 19–40 year olds, and twenty 55–70 year olds were tested using a double‐blind crossover design, where each participant received Sham, 2G and 3G exposures, separated by at least 4 days. Alpha activity, during exposure relative to baseline, was recorded and compared between conditions. Consistent with previous research, the young adults' alpha was greater in the 2G compared to Sham condition, however, no effect was seen in the adolescent or the elderly groups, and no effect of 3G exposures was found in any group. The results provide further support for an effect of 2G exposures on resting alpha activity in young adults, but fail to support a similar enhancement in adolescents or the elderly, or in any age group as a function of 3G exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 31:434–444, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Lyt phenotype of a long‐term allospecific T cell line. Both helper and killer activities to IA are mediated by Ly‐1 cells

The relationship between surface antigen expression and function in the long‐term allospecific T cell line C.C3. 11.75 was examined by flow microfluorometry, antiserum plus complement depletion and cell sorting. T cells of the line expressed Lyt‐1, but little or no Lyt‐2 antigens. Proliferation to cells bearing Iak determinants, generation of T cell‐replacing nonspecific helper factor in response to Iak‐positive cells and the killing of Iak‐positive targets were dependent only on Ly‐1 cells. No obvious heterogeneity was found in this cell line despite its disparate functional activities. The fact that Lyt‐2 molecules need not be present for killing directed against Ia determinants indicates that such molecules are not obligatory for the induction or delivery of killing and raises the question of what the role of Lyt molecules in T cell recognition or function might be.
Vascular and Blood Pressure Effects of Folic Acid in Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

13. Tresch DD, Simpson WM, Burton JR. Relationship of long-term and acutecare facilities: The problem of patient transfer and continuity of care. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985;33:819–826. 14. Tresch DD, Duthie EH, Newton M et al. Coping with DRGs—the changing role of the nursing home. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:1393–1403. 15. Tresch DD, Sims FH, Duthie EH et al. Clinical characteristics of patients in persistent vegetative state. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:930–932. 16. Tresch DD, Sims FH, Duthie EH et al. Patients in persistent vegetative states—attitudes and reactions of family members. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 39:17–21.
Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10, IL‐18 and IFN‐γ Cytokines Pattern in Patients with Combined Hepatitis C Virus and Schistosoma mansoni Infections ‡

Schistosoma mansoni infection is characterized by a strong T‐helper type 2 (Th2) cell‐associated immune response, but in the case of viral infection, it is associated with interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) increase and induction of Th1 immune response. Few data are available about the immune response of cases infected with combined hepatitis C virus (HCV) and schistosomiasis. Thus, the investigation of the cytokine pattern in patients coinfected with both HCV and Schistosoma mansoni was our rationale. This study included four patient groups: Group 1 included 20 patients infected with chronic HCV, Group 2 included 15 patients infected with schistosomiasis alone, Group 3 included 20 patients with chronic HCV and schistosomiasis and Group 4 included 15 healthy control individuals with matched age and sex. Serum levels of IFN‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10 and IL‐18 were measured in all groups by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the patients infected with HCV had significantly higher serum levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐18 compared with the controls and with the patients with schistosomiasis and coinfection (P < 0.001). On the other hand, serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were significantly higher in patients with schistosomiasis and coinfection compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively) and with the HCV patients (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant increase in serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 was also found in HCV patients compared with the control (P < 0.05). Schistosomiasis appears to induce a Th2 cytokine profile, with increase in serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10, even in the presence of HCV coinfection. In conclusion, schistosomiasis may downregulate the stimulatory effect of HCV on Th1 cytokines and this may lead to the chronicity of HCV infection in coinfected patients.
Rocuronium versus Cisatracurium: onset of action, intubating conditions, efficacy, and safety.

Background: Neuromuscular blockers (NMB) are very important adjuvant to general anesthesia, Rocuronium bromide (aminosteroidal NMB) and cisatracurium besylate (benzyl isoquinoline NMB) are recently introduced non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. In a prospective randomized study we had compared both drug at a dose 2x (ED95) as regard the onset of action, intubating conditions, clinical duration, hemodynamic changes, and adverse effects. Method: 40 female patients ASA I&II, 20-50 year old underwent elective gynecological ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia (GA) were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups. ROC group, where 0.6mg/kg rocuronium was given and CIS group, where 0.1mg/kg cisatracurium was given. Neuromuscular monitoring was done by stimulating ulnar nerve and recording the action potential of the first dorsal interosseous muscle using Datex Relaxogram. Standardized GA was given to all patients as follows, fentanyl 1.5mcg/kg, propofol 2mg/kg, 2x (ED95)/kg of the examined NMB, intubation was tried by the same anesthetist who was blind to the given NMB after 60 sec of injection, intubation was done if the intubating condition was acceptable (excellent or good), and it was re-attempted every 30 sec if it was poor or inadequate. Anesthesia was maintained by 60% N2O in O2 and isoflurane to a total MAC 1.5, controlled ventilation was adjusted to normocarpia. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, and intubating conditions were recorded. Interpretation of relaxogram for the onset of action, clinical duration, recovery index was done. Results: Clinically acceptable intubating conditions were achieved after 60 sec more frequently after rocuronium (80%) than after cisatracurium(0%). Rocuronium had a significant shorter onset time than cisatracurium (70.6±18.2 versus 160.4±14.3sec), Rocuronium had a significant shorter duration of action than cisatracurium (30.3±5.2 versus 45.7±7.5min), and the spontaneous recovery index was significantly shorter with rocuronium than cisatracurium (9.2±1.8 versus 13.6±2.4min). There were no evidences of any significant clinical cardiovascular changes in both groups. There were no clinical signs of histamine release in both groups, but there was burning pain at the site of rocuronium injection in more than 50% of patients. Conclusion: Rocuronium has a rapid onset of action with good intubating conditions, cisatracurium has an intermediate duration of action, both are potent and safe with excellent cardiovascular stability and without apparent histamine release.