Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Perputaran Kas dan Perputaran Piutang Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Biro Perjalanan Wisata yang Terdaftar di BEI

Dalam pelaksanaan aktivitas bisnis, perusahaan harus dapat menggunakan dan mengelola kas dan piutang secara bijaksana agara perusahaan memperoleh keuntungan. Hal ini karena kas dan piutang merupakan unsur aktiva yang paling likuid. Informasi mengenai kas dan piutang sebuah perusahaan dapat berguna untuk mengetahu sejauh mana kemampuan perusahaan menghasilkan keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perputaran kas dan perputaran piutang terhadap tingkat profibilitas yang diwakili oleh return on investment pada perusahaan biro perjalanan wisata yang terdaftar dibursa efek Indonesia selama periode 2010-2015 yang berjumlah 5 perusahaan dengan jumlah sampel 4 perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif verifikatif yang menggunakan data sekunder atas laporan keuangan perusahaan pada tahun 2010 – 2015 yang diterbitkan oleh perusahaan biro perjalanan wisata yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda pada tingkat signifikansi 4,892%. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan secara parsial kas berpengaruh signifikan dan piutang berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat profibilitas. Secara simultan kas dan piutang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profibilitas.
Social discrimination in lambs: the role of indirect familiarization and methods of assessment

Familiarization with individuals resulting from direct exposure is the primary mechanism mediating social recognition in many vertebrates. However, discernible phenotypic similarity among close kin may provide an additional basis for recognizing previously unencountered individuals. We investigated the existence of such a mechanism of indirect familiarity among artificially reared twin lambs, Ovis aries, that were separated shortly after birth. When they were 2–3 weeks old, we tested their recognition of familiar penmates, their unfamiliar twin and twins of familiar penmates in two-choice and paired tests. Lambs responded discriminatively to familiar penmates. When allowed to choose between their twins or twins of penmates versus an unfamiliar unrelated individual, lambs did not show any preference. Nevertheless, when paired with a twin or penmate’s twin, lambs bleated less than did those paired with an unfamiliar unrelated partner, which suggests that twins and twins of penmates were recognized. Discrimination between twin and unrelated individuals could be based either on early learning of the twin's phenotypic traits (template) before separation or on a process of indirect familiarization (comparison with familiar self cues). However, indirect familiarization was clearly implicated in the discrimination of twins of penmates; that is, lambs learned the characteristic phenotypic traits of (unrelated) penmates and detected a resemblance between those familiar individuals and their twins. Overall, the two-choice and paired tests were differentially effective procedures depending on the research question being addressed, that is, relatively simple or subtle social discrimination. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Social factors determine cooperation in marmosets

Abstract We investigated which factors determine cooperative behaviour of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus , in an instrumental task. During the approach phase each of eight individuals of a family group learned in isolation to pull a handle moving a bowl with attractive food towards its reach. In the following two experimental phases we used 16 dyads. In a dyadic training phase we assessed whether the partners were willing to manipulate the apparatus and to share food. In the subsequent cooperation test we examined whether they were willing to cooperate at a slightly modified apparatus whose solution required one individual (the producer) to pull the handle and the other (the scrounger) to grasp the bowl. Although all individuals were willing to cooperate with at least one partner, only half of the dyads solved the task in the cooperation phase. Examination of the factors that correlated with success in this phase revealed that primarily those dyads cooperated in which the dominant subject took the role of the scrounger and the subordinate took the role of the producer. However, in these successful dyads the dominant animal did not force the subordinate partner to pull the handle. Rather, the partners of cooperative dyads shared the reward and pulled equally often in both the dyadic training and the cooperation test. Thus, cooperation of marmosets in an instrumental task seems to depend on a specific distribution of roles and the tolerance of higher-ranking individuals. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
I Know the Feeling: Learning to Converse with Empathy

Beyond understanding what is being discussed, human communication requires an awareness of what someone is feeling. One challenge for dialogue agents is being able to recognize feelings in the conversation partner and reply accordingly, a key communicative skill that is trivial for humans. Research in this area is made difficult by the paucity of large-scale publicly available datasets both for emotion and relevant dialogues. This work proposes a new task for empathetic dialogue generation and EmpatheticDialogues, a dataset of 25k conversations grounded in emotional contexts to facilitate training and evaluating dialogue systems. Our experiments indicate that models explicitly leveraging emotion predictions from previous utterances are perceived to be more empathetic by human evaluators, while improving on other metrics as well (e.g. perceived relevance of responses, BLEU scores).
Overview of prevention and management of acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus

ABSTRACT Introduction: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause of Acute Bronchiolitis (AVB) in infants. AVB causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, most deaths occurring in the developing world. AVB causes respiratory distress in infants, leading to respiratory failure in some cases. Disease is more severe in infants with risk factors, such as prematurity, chronic cardiac and lung disease and immunodeficiency. Areas covered: Despite major advances in supportive care in the developed world, which has led to a significant reduction in mortality, treatment remains symptomatic and supportive. No specific antiviral treatment has yet proven to be effective. Prevention of disease with monoclonal antibodies has proven to reduce illness severity in those with risk factors, however, this is prohibitively expensive, particularly for the developing world. Prospects for vaccine development are improving. However, because most disease is in young infants, maternal immunization is necessary. However, due to the transient nature of RSV immunity and the circulation of multiple subtypes, vaccines proven to be effective in adult challenge models have yet to be translated to protection in infants. Expert commentary: Despite advances in preventative treatments, adherence to evidence-based guidelines provides the best prospect for successful reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Cancer pain and neuropathic pain are associated with Aβ sensory neuronal plasticity in dorsal root ganglia and abnormal sprouting in lumbar spinal cord

Evidence suggests that there are both nociceptive and neuropathic components of cancer-induced pain. We have observed that changes in intrinsic membrane properties and excitability of normally non-nociceptive Aβ sensory neurons are consistent in rat models of peripheral neuropathic pain and cancer-induced pain. This has prompted a comparative investigation of the intracellular electrophysiological characteristics of sensory neurons and of the ultrastructural morphology of the dorsal horn in rat models of neuropathic pain and cancer-induced pain. Neuropathic pain model rats were induced with a polyethylene cuff implanted around a sciatic nerve. Cancer-induced pain model rats were induced with mammary rat metastasis tumour-1 rat breast cancer or MATLyLu rat prostate cancer cells implanted into the distal epiphysis of a femur. Behavioural evidence of nociception was detected using von Frey tactile assessment. Aβ-fibre low threshold mechanoreceptor neurons in both cancer-induced pain and neuropathic pain models exhibited slower dynamics of action potential genesis, including a wider action potential duration and lower action potential amplitude compared to those in control animals. Enhanced excitability of Aβ-fibre low threshold mechanoreceptor neurons was also observed in cancer-induced pain and neuropathic pain models. Furthermore, both cancer-induced pain and neuropathic pain models showed abundant abnormal axonal sprouting in bundles of myelinated axons in the ipsilateral spinal laminae IV and V. The patterns of changes show consistency between rat models of cancer-induced pain and neuropathic pain. These findings add to the body of evidence that animal models of cancer-induced pain and neuropathic pain share features that may contribute to the peripheral and central sensitization and tactile hypersensitivity in both pain states.
Interleukin-17A and B-cell activating factor in chronic hepatitis C patients with or without asymptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia: effects of antiviral treatment and correlations with vitamin D

Background Several studies have provided conflicting results regarding the immune responses in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). The importance of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in MC has been described, but the role of interleukin (IL)-17A is less clear. Methods Serum concentrations of IL-17A, BAFF and 25-OH vitamin D were measured in CHC patients at baseline, end of treatment, and 6 months post-treatment with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, versus 12 healthy controls. Results Thirty-four patients (20 male, mean age 40.7±9.2 years, 12 of genotype 1 or 4, 22 of genotype 2 or 3) were included, of whom 64.7% achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). MC was detected in 52.9% of the patients. Higher levels of both cytokines were found in patients with MC compared to those without. Patients who achieved SVR had higher pretreatment IL-17A and lower BAFF levels compared to those without SVR. IL-17A was downregulated during and following treatment in responders, whereas upregulation was observed in non-responders. CHC patients demonstrated low vitamin D levels compared to HC. Moreover, the changes in IL-17A over the treatment period were significantly associated with vitamin D changes (β=-0.04, SE=0.02, P=0.046). No difference in IL-17A, BAFF and vitamin D values was seen between patients with cirrhosis (n=14) and those without. Conclusions CHC patients with asymptomatic MC have increased levels of IL-17A and BAFF. IL-17A levels decline significantly while BAFF increases during treatment in responders. An interplay between IL-17A and vitamin D concentrations was revealed during the antiviral treatment.
Contrast versus colour in aposematic signals

Abstract Conspicuousness is an important feature of warning coloration. One hypothesis for its function is that it increases signal efficacy by facilitating avoidance learning. An alternative, based on the handicap hypothesis, suggests that the degree of conspicuousness holds information directly about the quality of the prey, and that predators associate and learn about the conspicuousness of the coloration, and not the actual colour pattern. We studied the relative importance of signal contrast and the colours of signals for predator attention during discrimination. We used young chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus , as predators and small blue or red paper cones on either matching or contrasting paper backgrounds as stimuli associated with palatable or unpalatable chick crumbs. In four treatment groups, birds could use either cone and/or background colour, cone colour only, background colour only or cone-to-background contrast as cues for discrimination. Only birds in the contrast treatment failed to learn their discrimination task. Birds that had a choice between cone and background colour as cues used the cone colour and they learned the task faster than did birds that had to use background colour as a cue. The results suggest that birds primarily attend to the colours of signals and disregard contrast in discrimination tasks; they thus fail to support a handicap function of conspicuous aposematic coloration. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Genome-wide association study for intramuscular fat content in Chinese Lulai black pigs

Objective Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes related to pig IMF, especially using pig populations with high IMF content variation, can help to establish novel molecular breeding tools for optimizing IMF in pork and unveil the mechanisms that underlie fat metabolism. Methods We collected muscle samples of 453 Chinese Lulai black pigs, measured IMF content by Soxhlet petroleum-ether extraction method, and genotyped genome-wide SNPs using GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Porcine HD BeadChip. Then a genome-wide association study was performed using a linear mixed model implemented in the GEMMA software. Results A total of 43 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with IMF content by the cutoff p<0.001. Among these significant SNPs, the greatest number of SNPs (n = 19) were detected on Chr.9, and two linkage disequilibrium blocks were formed among them. Additionally, 17 significant SNPs are mapped to previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IMF and confirmed previous QTLs studies. Forty-two annotated genes centering these significant SNPs were obtained from Ensembl database. Overrepresentation test of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms revealed some enriched reactome pathways and GO terms, which mainly involved regulation of basic material transport, energy metabolic process and signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of IMF content in pork and facilitate the follow-up study of fine-mapping genes that influence fat deposition in muscle.
The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist: An audit of quality of implementation at a tertiary care high volume cancer institution

Background and Aims: In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) implemented the Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC), which has enhanced the communication between the surgical team members, improved outcomes, decreased complications, and improved patient safety. However, for the checklist to be effective, proper implementation and compliance with the checklist are imperative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of implementation of the WHO SSC during elective surgery at a tertiary referral cancer hospital in India. Material and Methods: In this prospective observational study, a trained research nurse passively observed the implementation of selected items from the modified version of the WHO SSC during elective surgeries and evaluated the compliance with the checklist, percentage of items for which the use of the SSC prompted an action, and level of interaction between the key team players during the conduct of the checklist. Results: We studied 200 surgeries for each part of the SSC. Compliance was 200 (100%), 156 (78%), and 153 (76.5%) for the first, second, and third part of the SSC, respectively. All the three parts were mostly initiated by surgeons [197 (98.5%), 92 (59%), and 136 (88.9%), respectively]. Overall, 131/2200 (5.95%) items in the checklist were carried out only after being prompted during the conduct of the checklist. The interaction between all three representatives was found in only 265/509 (52%) cases. Conclusion: The quality of implementation of the SSC was found to be suboptimal, with a definite scope for improvement. Compliance with all items on the checklist and active participation by all team members are crucial for successful implementation of the checklist.
Gender choice and gender conflict in a non-reciprocally mating simultaneous hermaphrodite, the freshwater snail,
 Physa
 


Like freshwater pulmonate snails in general, mature Physa heterostropha pomilia (Say) are hermaphroditic but cannot reciprocally inseminate each other simultaneously. One member of a pair assumes the male role and the other the female, after which swapping may occur. The tendency for a pair of prospective copulants to elect the same sexual role was defined as gender conflict, and distinguished from sexual conflict, the more widely noted tendency for females to reject low-quality males. Experiments assessed whether previous reproductive history aVected the likelihood of mating and the sexual role assumed and evaluated the strength of gender and sexual conflicts. Snails were selected from isofemale lines fixed for albinism at two complementary loci. Ten pairings were made involving all combinations of four categories of reproductive history: previously selfing virgin, not previously selfing virgin, previously selfing mated, and not previously selfing mated. Encounter times, evasive behaviours, and polarity of mating were recorded. Results suggested that the probability of initiating copulation as male in any encounter increased with autosperm store, and that snails mounted as female may decrease the overall probability of mating by rejective behaviour when their reserves of allosperm are high. There was no evidence that snails ever use any mechanism to increase their likelihood of being mounted as female. Evasive behaviours observed in encounters between virgin snails were best attributed to male-male gender conflict, but such behaviour patterns seemed to derive from sexual conflict when virgin snails encountered previously mated snails. Male-male gender conflict did not, however, detectably lengthen contact times, lead to bouts of sperm trading or ultimately lower mating success. 1996 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour The tendency for males to be eager to mate, and for females to be more discriminating, has been a familiar observation since the days of Darwin. Bateman (1948) attributed this phenomenon to the intensity of sexual selection acting on males. Although his attention was primarily directed toward dioecious animals, Bateman recognized that sexual selection might also occur in simul- taneously hermaphroditic plants. The theory, as generalized by Charnov (1979), predicts conflict between simultaneous hermaphrodites vying to mate in the male role by virtue of the disparity in the energetic costs of eggs and sperm. The phenomenon of egg trading in such diverse
Age-related differences in reproductive tactics in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus


Abstract Abstract. Three-spined sticklebacks have two main reproductive tactics. The 'normal' tactic is to establish a territory, build a nest, and court females. When eggs are obtained the males aerate them and defend them against predators. Some males attempt to steal fertilizations from the territorial male during courtship, leaving him to care for eggs he did not fertilize. The use of the two tactics by two age-classes of males was investigated. Although both territorial and non-territorial males of both age-classes sometimes sneak fertilizations, younger non-territorial males did so the most frequently. Younger males were more likely to steal fertilizations, whereas older males were more likely to establish territories, build nests and care for young. Younger males also produced more sperm and more motile sperm than older males. This greater sperm production may be an alternative means of competing with older/bigger males for territories. Older non-territorial males were more likely to steal nests than younger males. There was no evidence that females discriminate among males on the basis of their size or age.
Elimination prospects of the Dutch HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in the era of preexposure prophylaxis

Objective: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising intervention to help end the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands. We aimed to assess the impact of PrEP on HIV prevalence in this population and to determine the levels of PrEP coverage necessary for HIV elimination. Design and methods: We developed a mathematical model of HIV transmission in a population stratified by sexual risk behavior with universal antiretroviral treatment (ART) and daily PrEP use depending on an individual's risk behavior. We computed the effective reproduction number, HIV prevalence, ART and PrEP coverage for increasing ART and PrEP uptake levels, and examined how these were affected by PrEP effectiveness and duration of PrEP use. Results: At current levels of ART coverage of 80%, PrEP effectiveness of 86% and PrEP duration of 5 years, HIV elimination required 82% PrEP coverage in the highest risk group (12 000 MSM with more than 18 partners per year). If ART coverage increased by 9%, the elimination threshold was at 70% PrEP coverage. For shorter PrEP duration and lower effectiveness elimination prospects were less favorable. For the same number of PrEP users distributed among two groups with highest risk behavior, prevalence dropped from the current 8 to 4.6%. Conclusion: PrEP for HIV prevention among MSM could, in principle, eliminate HIV from this population in the Netherlands. The highest impact of PrEP on prevalence was predicted when ART and PrEP coverage increased simultaneously and PrEP was used by the highest risk individuals.
Antibody Responses toward the Major Antigenic Sites of Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin in Mice, Ferrets, and Humans

This study dissected the specific antibody responses toward the major antigenic sites and the noncanonical epitopes of influenza B virus hemagglutinin in animals and humans using novel reagents. These findings will guide the design of the next generation of influenza virus vaccines. ABSTRACT The influenza B virus hemagglutinin contains four major antigenic sites (the 120 loop, the 150 loop, the 160 loop, and the 190 helix) within the head domain. These immunodominant antigenic sites are the main targets of neutralizing antibodies and are subject to antigenic drift. Yet little is known about the specific antibody responses toward each site in terms of antibody prevalence and hemagglutination inhibition activity. In this study, we used modified hemagglutinins of influenza B virus which display only one or none of the major antigenic sites to measure antibody responses toward the classical as well as the noncanonical epitopes in mice, ferrets, and humans. With our novel reagents, we found that both hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and total IgGs were mostly induced by the major antigenic sites. However, in human adults, we observed high hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses toward the noncanonical epitopes. By stratifying the human samples into age groups, we found that the noncanonical antibody responses appeared to increase with age. IMPORTANCE This study dissected the specific antibody responses toward the major antigenic sites and the noncanonical epitopes of influenza B virus hemagglutinin in animals and humans using novel reagents. These findings will guide the design of the next generation of influenza virus vaccines.