Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The converse to a theorem of Sharp on Gorenstein modules

Let A be a commutative local Noetherian ring with identity of Krull dimension n, m its maximal ideal. Sharp has proved that if A is Cohen-Macauley and a homomorphic image of a Gorenstein local ring, then A has a Gorenstein module M with dimA,mExt"(A/m, M)=1. The aim of this note is to prove the converse to this theorem. Throughout this note A will denote a commutative local Noetherian ring with identity; m will denote its maximal ideal. The concept of a Gorenstein module was introduced by Sharp in [8]. (1) DEFINITION. A nonzero' finitely generated A-module M is called Gorenstein if the Cousin complex [7] provides a minimal injective resolution of M. Sharp obtained various characterizations and properties of Gorenstein modules in [8]. In particular, he showed that for there to exist a Gorenstein A-module it is necessary that A be Cohen-Macaulay [8, (3.9)], and he showed that a Gorenstein A-module has zero annihilator [8, (4.12)]. It follows that (in the notation of [8]) if M is a Gorenstein module, then ,i(m, M)=O if and only if i$K-dim A [8, (3.1 1)]. We define the rank of the Gorenstein A-module M to be ,i8(m, M), where n=K-dim A. In [9] Sharp proved the following (2) THEOREM. If A is Cohen-Macaulay and a quotient of a Gorenstein local ring, then A has a Gorenstein module of rank 1 [9, (3.1)]. The aim of this note is to prove the following converse: (3) THEOREM. If A has a Gorenstein module M of rank 1, then A is a quotient of a Gorenstein local ring. Received by the editors May 27, 1971. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 13CG0, 13C15, 13E05, 13H10.
The Surface Circulation of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico as Inferred from Satellite Altimetry

The surface circulation of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is studied using 13 years of satellite altimetry data. Variability in the Caribbean Sea is evident over several time scales. At the annual scale, sea surface height (SSH) varies mainly by a seasonal steric effect. Interannually, a longer cycle affects the SSH slope across the current and hence the intensity of the Caribbean Current. This cycle is found to be related to changes in the wind intensity, the wind stress curl, and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. At shorter time scales, eddies and meanders are observed in the Caribbean Current, and their propagation speed is explained by baroclinic instabilities under the combined effect of vertical shear and the b effect. Then the Loop Current (LC) is considered, focusing on the anticyclonic eddies shed by it and the intrusion of the LC into the Gulf of Mexico through time. Twelve of the 21 anticyclonic eddies observed to detach from the LC are shed from July to September, suggesting a seasonality in the timing of these events. Also, a relation is found between the intrusion of the LC into the Gulf of Mexico and the size of the eddies shed from it: larger intrusions trigger smaller eddies. A series of extreme LC intrusions into the Gulf of Mexico, when the LC is observed as far as 928W, are described. The analyses herein suggest that the frequency of such events has increased in recent years, with only one event occurring in 1993 versus three from 2002 to 2006. Transport through the Straits of Florida appears to decrease during these extreme intrusions.
The influence of environmental factors on the kinetics of a biosynthetic process

The efforts of specialists in the kinetics of biosynthetic processes are concentrated on the investigation of kinetic relations depending on a limiting stage of the process (diffusive or kinetic). If a kinetic study is needed, then the kinetics of the process in relation to the limiting component (substrate or a metabolic product) is investigated. The influence of environmental factors, whether thermodynamic (temperature, pressure) or parametric (pH and oxidation-reduction potential), is usually not considered. Investigations were carried out on the influence of temperature on the rate of formation and decay of an enzyme using the Arrhenius equation, on the influence of pH enzyme dissociation and on substrate rate of formation and decay in different stages of substance transformation into the cell material. These relations were generalized by a mathematical dependence of the growth rate on environmental temperature and pH value.
Age and sex-related changes in superoxide dismutase activity in bovine tissues.

The influence of age, gender, and type of tissue on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in bovine organs and tissues was investigated. The investigated material consisted of fragments of tissues and organs (liver, heart, lung, kidney, skeletal muscles, and diaphragm) from healthy cows ( n = 15), bulls ( n = 15), and female calves ( n = 12) collected immediately after slaughter at the slaughterhouse. The total SOD activity was measured in tissue and organ homogenates by spectrophotometric method. PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting technique with specific anti-SOD antibodies as well as zymography confirmed the presence of enzymatic protein and SOD isoenzymes in examined tissues. The study revealed significant differences in SOD activity between organs and tissues, which might be connected with different metabolic rate. Age-related changes were also observed. SOD activity was twice higher in kidneys, lungs, heart of calves compared to other groups of animals. It was also noticed that SOD activity was higher in younger animals and decreased with ageing among the group of bulls. Gender-related differences were observed in lungs and diaphragm. It was concluded that SOD activity depends on sex steroids, which is reflected in age and gender discrepancies, as well as metabolic rate of tissues.
Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions

We investigate the potential for the eLISA space-based interferometer to detect the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by strong first-order cosmological phase transitions. We discuss the resulting contributions from bubble collisions, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, and sound waves to the stochastic background, and estimate the total corresponding signal predicted in gravitational waves. The projected sensitivity of eLISA to cosmological phase transitions is computed in a model-independent way for various detector designs and configurations. By applying these results to several specific models, we demonstrate that eLISA is able to probe many well-motivated scenarios beyond the Standard Model of particle physics predicting strong first-order cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe.
Herbicide Mixtures and Row Spacing Effects on Fenoxaprop Resistant Phalaris minor in Wheat

Widespread herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor Retz. , is a major bottleneck towards sustainability of wheat-based cropping systems. Development and promotion of an integrated weed management program is crucial. Field trials were conducted in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan during the winter of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to evaluate the effectiveness of herbicide mixtures on herbicide-resistant P. minor (resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) in wheat sown at 11.25and 22.50-cm rows. Tank mixtures of clodinafop–propargyl + metribuzin, pinoxaden + sulfosulfuron, pinoxaden + metribuzin, and sulfosulfuron + clodinafoppropargyl at 75% and 100% of label dose/s provided effective control of P. minor. The herbicide mixtures performed better in 11.25-cm rows than in 22.50-cm spacing of wheat. Narrow row spacing (11.25-cm) reduced the number of seeds per spike and the dry shoot biomass (33-38%) of P. minor relative to the wider row spacing. Wheat growth and yield (up to 32%) were improved by herbicide mixtures in both growing seasons, and such an effect was more pronounced at the narrow row spacing. Narrowing spacing not only compensated for 25% less herbicide input but also increased wheat grain yield by 6% more than recommended spacing. Therefore, narrow row spacing and herbicide mixtures can help tackle herbicide-resistant P. minor in wheat fields. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers
Therapeutic assessment: Using psychological testing as brief therapy.

The field of psychological assessment is undergoing dramatic change, perhaps even a paradigm shift. Traditionally, assessment has focused on gathering accurate data to use in clarifying diagnoses and developing treatment plans. Although largely retaining these goals, new approaches also emphasize the therapeutic effect assessment can have on clients and important others in their lives. Evidence accumulating over the past 20 years suggests that this effect can be substantial. On the basis of their metaanalysis of outcome studies investigating the therapeutic effect that assessment can have, Poston and Hanson (2010) contended that psychology needs to reconsider training in assessment to incorporate approaches that emphasize its therapeutic value. They even argued that managed care organizations need to reevaluate delivery of services in light of the efficacy of the new approaches to assessment. This chapter highlights the development of the therapeutic application of psychological assessment, examines its empirical support, discusses how assessment might produce therapeutic change, and outlines the Therapeutic Assessment (TA) approach and illustrates it through a case example.
Benefits of Group Walking in Forests for People with Significant Mental Ill-Health

This study investigated the effects of group walking in forests for people with significant mental ill-health including depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders based on a pilot program in Ireland. The program consisted of activities in a forest setting for approximately 2 hr duration weekly, for 13 weeks, which included roughly 10 min of gentle warming-up exercises, 1–1.5 hr of forest walks, followed by approximately 30 min of refreshments/socializing on the forest sites. Fifteen participants were assessed. The results indicated significant improvements in mood, measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, immediately after a walk. Semi-structured interviews with a sample of participants also revealed that the quiet and uncrowded forest environment was particularly beneficial to the participants with significant mental ill-health, as they can be conscious of other people around them. In addition, the sense of escaping from everyday life, the beauty of nature, and having something interesting to look at in the forest environments were important elements for improving their mood, encouraging communication, and motivating regular participation. Despite the difficulty of separating the effects of being in the forest from the social interaction benefits or physical exercise, it can tentatively be concluded that the ‘‘positive’’ environment that forests provide can act as a first step in encouraging those with significant mental ill-health to reengage with society.
Heat Transfer Performances and Exergetic Optimization for Solar Heat Receiver

Solar energy is one kind of important resource for clean and renewable energy, and is widely investigated in many fields. In order to increase the operating temperature and thermodynamic efficiency, concentrated solar radiation is widely used to heat the working fluid in solar thermal power system (Trieb & Nitsch, 1998) and other industrial engineerings (Klein et al., 2007; Ali et al., 2008). Concentrated solar radiation (Kalogirou, 2004) can be collected by the parabolic trough collector, parabolic dish reflector, heliostat field, etc. The concentrated energy flux has been studied in kinds of solar energy system. Moustafa et al. (1995) measured the solar flux density distribution on a plane receiver due to a flat heliostat. Estrada et al. (2007) proposed a calorimeter to measure the concentrated solar power produced by a point focus solar concentrator. Solar thermal power system based on trough, dish or heliostat field is a very promising and challenging technology for its high operating temperature and thermodynamic efficiency. In solar thermal power plant (Odeh et al., 2003), the heat transfer medium in solar heat receiver is heated by concentrated solar radiation to some high temperature, and then it can be used to operate kinds of heat engine and generate electricity. As a result, the heat receiver (Ortega et al., 2008) is the key problem for the photo-thermal transformation, and the heat transfer performance of solar heat receiver is the hotspot for solar energy research. The basic types of heat receiver in concentrated solar thermal system mainly include heat pipe receiver (Fujiwara et al., 1990), parabolic trough solar receiver (Gong et al., 2010), cavity receiver (Wu et al., 2010), and multistage solar receiver (Taragan, 1999), etc. The dynamical and thermal characteristics of solar heat receiver have been investigated in much literature (Cui et al., 2008; Grena, 2010). In general, the heat losses from solar receiver mainly include three contributions: radiation heat loss, convective heat loss, and conduction heat loss. The radiation heat loss (Melchior et al., 2008; Li et al., 2010) is mainly dependent upon the receiver structure, wall temperature, and emissivity/absorptivity of the receiver walls, while the convective heat loss (Clausing, 1981) is mainly determined by the receiver structure, wall temperature, and wind velocity. The heat conduction loss (Zavoico, 2001) exists in cavity receiver through the insulation wall, and it can be ignored in many solar heat receivers.
From Oh to Aha: Characteristics and Types of Environmental Epiphany Experiences

Despite the anecdotal evidence of experiences that shift the self–nature relationship, which we identify as Environmental Epiphanies, little is known about the characteristics and patterns of such experiences. In this study, we build on previous theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the Environmental Epiphany concept and report descriptive and typological findings based on in-depth interviews with 50 participants who had experienced Environmental Epiphanies. We present common characteristics of these experiences as well as descriptive information across five types of Environmental Epiphanies: Aesthetic, Intellectual, Realization, Awakening, and Connectedness. Based on our findings, we offer many areas for further exploration of this phenomenon as a psychological function as well as some recommendations for land managers, educators, and other environmental practitioners. Expanding our knowledge of how human–nature relationships function has implications regarding environmental decision-making, the role of emotions in self–nature relationships, and environmentally responsible behavior.
Fecundity, Condition Factor and Gonado-Somatic Index of Hepsetus Odoe (African Pike) in a Tropical Reservoir, Southwest Nigeria

2 Abstract: Fecundity, Condition factor and Gonado somatic index of the African Pike, Hepsetus odoe were studied in Ado-Ekiti Reservoir between September 2009 and December 2009. Hepsetus odoe is an important commercial species with high market value. Due to uncontrolled fishing activities in the area, there is need to consider some aspects of the reproductive biology of the species including fecundity, G.S. I. and condition factor (K). Fecundity of H. odoe from the study, ranged between a maximum of 4996eggs and a minimum of 387eggs. H. odoe is not really fecund in Ado-Ekiti reservoir at the season of the research work. The linear relationship in the length and weight of Hepsetus odoe reveals a positive allometric pattern of growth with (b>3). Condition factor K ranged between 0.72 and 1.61 for males while for females it ranged between 0.49 and 1.23. This revealed the condition factor (K) for H. odoe in Ado Reservoir is low. Based on the result of this study, there is need for proper management of this species in the reservoir to enhance its productivity.
Association Between Creatinine Clearance and Insulin- Resistance in Healthy Adolescent Boys

Prevalence of high levels of BMI in both adults and children has been observed in USA [1,2]. Argentina as well, has experienced marked increases in the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity (OW/OB) over the last few decades [3]. Studies in adults have shown that excess weight is an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease [4, 5]. Chronic kidney disease is a significant public health problem in the United States, affecting 11% of the U.S. adult population and it has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [6].
Extracting Useful Information from Social Media during Disaster Events

In recent years, social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have emerged as effective tools for broadcasting messages worldwide during disaster events. With millions of messages posted through these services during such events, it has become imperative to identify valuable information that can help the emergency responders to develop effective relief efforts and aid victims. Many studies implied that the role of social media during disasters is invaluable and can be incorporated into emergency decision-making process. However, due to the "big data" nature of social media, it is very labor-intensive to employ human resources to sift through social media posts and categorize/classify them as useful information. Hence, there is a growing need for machine intelligence to automate the process of extracting useful information from the social media data during disaster events. This dissertation addresses the following questions: In a social media stream of messages, what is the useful information to be extracted that can help emergency response organizations to become more situationally aware during and following a disaster? What are the features (or patterns) that can contribute to automatically identifying messages that are useful during disasters? We explored a wide variety of features in conjunction with supervised learning algorithms to automatically identify messages that are useful during disaster events. The feature design includes sentiment features to extract the geo-mapped sentiment expressed in tweets, as well as tweet-content and user detail features to predict the likelihood of the information contained in a tweet to be quickly spread in the network. Further experimentation is carried out to see how these features help in identifying the informative tweets and filter out those tweets that are conversational in nature.
Production of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein via the hydroperoxyl pathway of isoprene oxidation

Abstract. The photo-oxidation chemistry of isoprene (ISOP; C 5 H 8 ) was studied in a continuous-flow chamber under conditions such that the reactions of the isoprene-derived peroxyl radicals (RO 2 ) were dominated by the hydroperoxyl (HO 2 ) pathway. A proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) with switchable H 3 O + and NO + reagent ions was used for product analysis. The products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK; C 4 H 6 O) and methacrolein (MACR; C 4 H 6 O) were differentiated using NO + reagent ions. The MVK and MACR yields via the HO 2 pathway were (3.8 ± 1.3)% and (2.5 ± 0.9)%, respectively, at +25 °C and 2 pathway implies concomitant production of hydroxyl ((6.3 ± 2.1)%) and hydroperoxyl ((6.3 ± 2.1)%) radicals, meaning a HO x recycling of (12.6 ± 4.2)% given that HO 2 was both a reactant and product. Other isoprene oxidation products, believed to be mostly organic hydroperoxides, also contributed to the ion intensity at the same mass-to-charge ( m/z ) ratios as the MVK and MACR product ions for HO 2 -dominant conditions. These products were selectively removed from the gas phase by placement of a cold trap (−40 °C) inline prior to the PTR-TOF-MS. When incorporated into regional and global chemical transport models, the yields of MVK and MACR and the concomitant HO x recycling reported in this study can improve the accuracy of the simulation of the HO 2 reaction pathway of isoprene, which is believed to be the fate of approximately half of atmospherically produced isoprene-derived peroxy radicals on a global scale.
Feasibility of Shrimp Gut Probionts with Anti-vibrio and Anti-QS in Penaeid Culture

A total of 12 gut isolates were isolated from healthy adult shrimp Penaeus monodon. Consecutive screening approaches were done to evaluate the anti-vibrio and anti-quorum sensing potential towards Vibrio harveyi VSH5 and Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC2656. Among the 12 isolates, the probionts Bacillus sp. AVP03 & AVP07 rendered maximum activities in both in-vitro and in-vivo tests. The study also suggests that the isolated anti-vibrio probionts possessed anti-QS (quorum quenching) activity which significantly reduced the mortality when compared to the animals treated with the pathogen in post larvae and juvenile challenge study. Both probionts were reached their stationary phase within 6 hrs in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and hence it was considered as best medium for their mass culturing. Studies regarding haemolytic activity of the isolated probionts revealed that non-toxic in nature and safety for use. Thus they can be effectively used as probiotics in aquaculture either separately or in combination.
The Factor-Spline-GARCH Model for High- and Low-Frequency Correlations

We propose a new approach to model high and low frequency components of equity correlations. Our framework combines a factor asset pricing structure with other specifications capturing dynamic properties of volatilities and covariances between a single common factor and idiosyncratic returns. High frequency correlations mean revert to slowly varying functions that characterize long-term correlation patterns. We associate such term behavior with low frequency economic variables, including determinants of market and idiosyncratic volatilities. Flexibility in the time-varying level of mean reversion improves both the empirical fit of equity correlations in the United States and correlation forecasts at long horizons.
The role of feedback and social presence in an online peer coaching program for student teachers

Feedback is essential in any kind of learning. This study focused on feedback in online learning and conceptualized feedback as a social interaction process. Online learning rests on social interaction, which is affected by feelings of social presence. Therefore, we investigated received and perceived online feedback, and the coherence between them. In addition, we studied the influence of social presence on feedback processes. Sixteen Dutch student teachers, who followed a 1 year customized postgraduate teacher education course, engaged in an online peer coaching program using Skype. Data could be collected from 8 different participants and 966 feedback utterances were analysed. In order to determine the quality of this received feedback, an observational instrument was used. In addition, questionnaires were filled in that addressed student teachers’ feedback perceptions and feelings of social presence. Findings showed that participants with higher feedback perceptions received more effective observed feedback than participants with lower perceptions. Feelings of social presence affected perceived and observed feedback, however the social presence items need further validation. This study has practical implications for providing effective online feedback as well as providing a more holistic view on the processes of feedback among teachers.