Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of smile esthetics in central India

Objectives: This study was undertaken: (1) To establish static norms in the central India population for the various smile parameters. (2) To analyze and quantify the sexual dimorphism of esthetic smile. Settings and Design: Hundred subjects (50 males and 50 females) with an average age of 14.5 years with a pleasing smile were selected for the study. Static photographs with posed smile in natural head position (NHP) were taken. Materials and Methods: Following smile parameters were quantified using Adobe Photoshop ruler software: Maxillary incisor exposure (MIE) (mm), smile index (SI) (mm), smile arc, buccal corridor ratio (%), Most posterior maxillary tooth visible, anterior height of the smile (%), posterior height of the smile (%). Statistical Analysis: The data were compiled systematically. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS version 17.0). For MIE and SI, Unpaired t-test was applied. Chi-square test was applied for most posterior maxillary tooth visible, smile arc buccal corridor, anterior height of smile, and posterior height of smile. Results: The mean value of MIE was found to be 7.76 mm and 8.82 mm in boys and girls, respectively. SI showed a mean value of 8.26 for boys and 7.91 for girls. Girls displayed second premolar commonly in contrast to boys, who displayed first premolar. Parallel smile arc was noted more frequently in females, while males displayed flat smile arc commonly. Conclusion: Orthodontists, being smile architects, have the responsibility to design and create smiles. Smile analysis should be an integral part of dental/orthodontic treatment planning and mechanotherapy.
Sheehan′s syndrome: A clinical, biochemical, hormonal, radiological, bone mineral density and quality of life assessment

Background: Sheehan′s syndrome (SS) or postpartum pituitary necrosis though rare, still remains one of the commonest causes of hypopituitarism in the Indian subcontinent. The clinical presentation is often variable with abrupt or insidiously onset pituitary insufficiency after heavy intrapartum or postpartum hemorrhage. Aims: To study the demographic profile, hormonal profile, as well as the quality of life of patients of SS, and the effect of hormonal replacement therapy on outcome. Materials and Methods: All patients previously diagnosed with Sheehan′s syndrome or newly admitted during the study period of 2011-2013 were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Their clinical, biochemical, hormonal, radiological and bone mineral density (BMD) data were collected. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the disease-specific questionnaire both before and after hormone replacement therapy. Result: Twenty three patients were enrolled in the study, the mean age of diagnosis was 43.4 ± 14.2 years; mean diagnostic delay was 13.2 ± 7.4 years. Secondary amenorrhea and lactation failure were the most common clinical presentations. The mean total tetraiodothyronine (T4), peak stimulated cortisol, stimulated growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) levels were low. The gonadotropins [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] were inappropriately normal in the presence of amenorrhea. Anemia was the most common hematological abnormality seen in 69.5% of patients, while 39.1% of patients had hyponatermia. BMD assessment (n = 23) was suggestive of low bone mass. The QoL improved significantly (P < 0.05) in patients after one year of hormonal replacement therapy. Conclusion: Sheehan′s syndrome resulted in multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies in all patients. Anemia, hyponatremia, and low bone mass were frequently seen in patients with Sheehan′s syndrome. The QoL improved significantly (P < 0.05) after hormonal replacement therapy.
Bandwidth allocation in ad hoc networks: a price-based approach

Pricing is considered as a means to stimulate cooperation in ad hoc networks: users can charge other users a price for relaying their data packets. Assuming that users set prices to maximize their own net benefit, we propose an iterative price and rate adaption algorithm. We show that this algorithm converges to a socially optimal bandwidth allocation. We use a numerical case study to illustrate our results.
Antidiabetic Activity of Samma (Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich.) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in the world. According to WHO, the number of diabetics in Ethiopia, is expected to increase from about 800,000 cases in the year 2000 to 1.8 million by 2030. In the traditional health care system of Ethiopia, “Samma” (the leaves of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich., Urticaceae), are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and various other ailments. This study reports the antidiabetic activity of the total hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts and the various solvent fractions of U. simensis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The results revealed that the total hydroalcoholic extract as well as the methanol and aqueous fractions possess significant antidiabetic activity. Blood glucose levels were reduced by 17.9% and 29.9% after oral administration of 300 mg/kg of each of the methanol and aqueous fractions, respectively. At a concentration of 40 ;g/kg, the standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide displayed a 57.8% reduction in blood glucose level. The aqueous fraction of U. simensis showed antidiabetic activity in a dose dependant manner. However, the petroleum ether, chloroform and acetone fractions did not exhibit any antidiabetic activity. In light of the results obtained from the current study, it could be concluded that the leaves of U. simensis have genuine antidiabetic activity, and their use in traditional medicine to control diabetis mellitus may be justified. Keywords: Urtica simensis , Urticaceae, antidiabetic activity, hydroalcoholic extract, solvent fractions
Magnetworks: How Mobility Impacts the Design of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we study the optimal placement and optimal number of active relay nodes through the traffic density in mobile sensor ad hoc networks. We consider a setting in which a set of mobile sensor sources is creating data and a set of mobile sensor destinations is receiving that data through multihop wireless paths. We make the assumption that the network is massively dense, i.e., there are so many sources, destinations, and relay nodes, that it is best to describe the network in terms of macroscopic parameters rather than in terms of microscopic parameters. A simple one-dimensional scenario is used to introduce the problem. We solve the two-dimensional scenario where the mobility of the nodes is deterministic and when it follows the brownian mobility model.
The meaning of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aim. To explore the existential experiences of 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had been prescribed long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and their carers. Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive and debilitating condition, with an insidious onset often diagnosed in the middle to later years of life, after a history of worsening breathlessness (Herbert & Gregor 1997). It is a life limiting condition that is on the increase worldwide. Evidence suggests that for some people with COPD oxygen therapy can improve longevity and quality of life (MRC 1981, NOTT 1980). Understanding of the existential meaning of COPD for people is required. Method. This longitudinal Heideggerian study was carried out between 2005–2006. Participants were interviewed separately, in their own homes, at the start of LTOT, second 3 months later and finally at 9 months. Results. Themes of living with COPD emerged from the data; struggling, fear, experience of ill health, blame, fatalism and hidden disability. Conclusion. The participants all shared very negative experiences regarding the changes that living with COPD had placed on their lifestyle and quality of life. The introduction of oxygen appeared, for all but one couple, to increase the negative impact of living with poor health. Relevance to clinical practice. The participants’ experiences in this study highlight the need for health professionals to explore with people what it is like living with a long-term condition. This sharing of experiences may help individuals to make informed choices about treatment and readdress their perception of ‘just existing’ with ‘no quality to their lives’ thereby enabling people and carers to adjust to living with a life-limiting condition like COPD and the introduction of life long-term therapeutic interventions.
Review article: Effectiveness of ultra‐brief interventions in the emergency department to reduce alcohol consumption: A systematic review

To assess the effectiveness of ultra‐brief interventions (ultra‐BI) or technology‐involved preventive measures in the ED to reduce alcohol harm and risky drinking. Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EBM reviews were searched for articles published between 1996 and 2015. Randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised trials, which compared an ultra‐BI with screening, standard care or minimal intervention for adults and adolescents at risk for alcohol‐related harm presenting to an ED, were included. Outcomes of interest were frequency of alcohol consumption, quantity of alcohol consumed, binge drinking and ED representation. Thirteen studies (nine single centre and four multicentre) were included. Six studies showed a significant reduction in the quantity consumed with intermediate effect size at 3 months (d = −0.40) and small effect size at 12 months (d = −0.15). Two studies showed a significant reduction in binge drinking with small effect size at 3 months (d = −0.12) and 12 months (d = −0.09). No studies showed an effect on frequency of alcohol consumption or ED representation. Heterogeneity in study design, definition of risky, harmful or hazardous alcohol use, intervention types, outcomes, outcome timeframes and outcome measures prevented the performance of quantitative meta‐analysis. Despite its limited effectiveness in reducing alcohol use in the short‐term, with the large number of people attending EDs with risky drinking, the use of an effective ultra‐BI would have the potential to have a measurable population effect.
Cessation of donepezil is associated with clinical decline in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease compared to continuation of donepezil or addition or substitution of memantine

Commentary on: Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J, et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2012;366:893–903. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] More than half of persons with Alzheimer's disease are at moderate or severe stages, and evidence defining best practice for them is limited. Previous clinical trials in these patients, as summarised by Howard et al ,1–5 have shown that treatment with donepezil or memantine only, or the addition of memantine to donepezil, confers benefit in cognition and daily function. Building upon these, Howard and colleagues aimed to address the relative benefit of continuing donepezil, adding or substituting memantine, or stopping donepezil in these patients. This was a 52-week multicentre, allocation concealed, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in persons with moderate to severe Alzheimer's dementia receiving stable doses of donepezil. Participants were randomised to treatment with ongoing donepezil, ongoing donepezil plus memantine, memantine only or … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DHoward%26rft.auinit1%253DR. %26rft.volume%253D366%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D893%26rft.epage%253D903%26rft.atitle%253DDonepezil%2Band%2Bmemantine%2Bfor%2Bmoderate-to-severe%2BAlzheimer%2527s%2Bdisease. %26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1106668%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22397651%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1106668&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=22397651&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F2%2F62.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000301172500006&link_type=ISI
ThinkAir: Dynamic resource allocation and parallel execution in the cloud for mobile code offloading

Smartphones have exploded in popularity in recent years, becoming ever more sophisticated and capable. As a result, developers worldwide are building increasingly complex applications that require ever increasing amounts of computational power and energy. In this paper we propose ThinkAir, a framework that makes it simple for developers to migrate their smartphone applications to the cloud. ThinkAir exploits the concept of smartphone virtualization in the cloud and provides method-level computation offloading. Advancing on previous work, it focuses on the elasticity and scalability of the cloud and enhances the power of mobile cloud computing by parallelizing method execution using multiple virtual machine (VM) images. We implement ThinkAir and evaluate it with a range of benchmarks starting from simple micro-benchmarks to more complex applications. First, we show that the execution time and energy consumption decrease two orders of magnitude for a N-queens puzzle application and one order of magnitude for a face detection and a virus scan application. We then show that a parallelizable application can invoke multiple VMs to execute in the cloud in a seamless and on-demand manner such as to achieve greater reduction on execution time and energy consumption. We finally use a memory-hungry image combiner tool to demonstrate that applications can dynamically request VMs with more computational power in order to meet their computational requirements.
Thrombolytic therapy with or without a vena cava filter results in a lower case fatality rate in unstable patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Commentary on: Stein PD, Matta F. Thrombolytic therapy in unstable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: saves lives but underused. Am J Med 2012; 125:465–70. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major health problem and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is particularly true for patients with acute PE who are haemodynamically unstable.1 For instance, acute PE is associated with a 70% risk of death if cardiopulmonary arrest occurs and up to a 50% risk of death in those with shock secondary to PE.1 ,2 Several trials have evaluated the prognostic impact of thrombolytic therapy compared with anticoagulant therapy alone in patients with acute PE.1 Since less than 5% of patients with acute PE are haemodynamically compromised, there are currently no randomised trials evaluating the impact … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BAmerican%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DStein%26rft.auinit1%253DP. %2BD. %26rft.volume%253D125%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D465%26rft.epage%253D470%26rft.atitle%253DThrombolytic%2Btherapy%2Bin%2Bunstable%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bacute%2Bpulmonary%2Bembolism%253A%2Bsaves%2Blives%2Bbut%2Bunderused. %26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.amjmed. 2011.10. 015%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22325236%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1016/j.amjmed. 2011.10. 015&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=22325236&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F2%2Fe19.atom
The TRIMming on an erythroid repressor complex.

In this issue of Blood, Hosoya et al identify a requirement for the corepressor Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28) in erythroblast maturation. [1][1] ! [Figure][2] Cartoon showing possible repressor complexes formed through mutually exclusive recruitment of TRIM28, HDAC3, or the NuRD or
Low-dose aspirin is associated with an increased risk of haemorrhage; but not in people with diabetes who have a high baseline rate of bleeding

Implications for practice and research: Low-dose aspirin (≤ 300 mg/day) increases the risk of major bleeding. Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of bleeding independent of aspirin exposure. Future work should include comparative effectiveness studies to help inform treatment strategies based on individual risks, benefits, patient preferences and values.
Gender-specific total knee arthroplasty: a current review

The prevalence of osteoarthritis and subsequently total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is higher in women than men. Furthermore, differences in male and female knee anatomy have been known for many years. Recently, implant manufactures have responded to this difference by introducing TKA designs with modified dimensions that attempt to better reproduce these anatomical differences. Currently available data have yet to show that such differences play a role in the results of TKA. However, this may be due to the inability of currently available measurement tools to detect subtle differences in implant performance. This review will summarize gender-specific anatomical differences and evaluate the current literature for outcome differences between male and female patients.
Detecting malicious HTTP redirections using trees of user browsing activity

The web has become a platform that attackers exploit to infect vulnerable hosts, or deceive victims into buying rogue software. To accomplish this, attackers either inject malicious scripts into popular web sites or manipulate content delivered by servers to exploit vulnerabilities in users' browsers. To hide malware distribution servers, attackers employ HTTP redirections, which automatically redirect users' requests through a series of intermediate web sites, before landing on the final distribution site. In this paper, we develop a methodology to identify malicious chains of HTTP redirections. We build per-user chains from passively collected traffic and extract novel statistical features from them, which capture inherent characteristics from malicious redirection cases. Then, we apply a supervised decision tree classifier to identify malicious chains. Using a large ISP dataset, with more than 15K clients, we demonstrate that our methodology is very effective in accurately identifying malicious chains, with recall and precision values over 90% and up to 98%.
Cord milking at delivery improves the iron status of term infants at 6 weeks

Commentary on: Upadhyay A, Gothwal S, Parihar R, et al. Effect of umbilical cord milking in term and near term infants: randomized control trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;208:120.e1–6. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2] Placental transfusion achieved by delayed cord clamping or cord milking has generated considerable interest in recent years. Hutton et al 1 have shown that delayed-cord clamping in term infants increased iron storage and reduced the incidence of iron deficiency anaemia. With the exception of a higher incidence of polycythaemia, no significant adverse effects were observed. The findings suggest that delayed-cord clamping may serve … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BObstet%2BGynecol%26rft.volume%253D208%26rft.spage%253D120.e1%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.ajog. 2012.10. 884%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1016/j.ajog. 2012.10. 884&link_type=DOI
Calcium supplements associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death in men but not women

Commentary on: Xiao Q, Murphy RA, Houston DK, et al. Dietary and supplemental calcium intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: the National Institutes of Health-AARP diet and health study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:639–46[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In 2008, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) suggested that calcium supplements might increase the risk of cardiovascular events.1 Subsequent meta-analyses of RCTs examining calcium monotherapy and calcium and vitamin D confirmed these findings. In a pooled analysis of 13 RCTs of calcium with or without vitamin D (n=29 277) including 1391 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke,2 calcium increased the risk of MI by 25% and stroke by 15–20%. Xiao and colleagues explored this issue in the observational National Institutes of Health-American … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D173%26rft.spage%253D639%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjamainternmed.2013. 3283%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23381719%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jamainternmed.2013. 3283&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=23381719&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F3%2F90.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000320039600007&link_type=ISI
Success rates of abdominal sacrocolpopexy decrease over time, but with improved continence rates with concomitant urethropexy

Commentary on: Nygaard I, Brubaker L, Zyczynski HM, et al. Long-term outcomes following abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse. JAMA 2013;309:2016–24. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The challenge of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is to develop durable surgeries, including sacrocolpopexy. One must consider concomitant anti-incontinence procedures. This study by Nygaard and colleagues addresses the durability of sacrocolopexy, and also provides valuable data on the long-term efficacy of concurrent anti-incontinence surgery. The extended colpopexy and urinary reduction efforts (eCARE) trial provides follow-up of the CARE trial.1 Women with advanced POP without baseline incontinence were randomised to receive abdominal sacrocolpopexy with or without urethropexy. The majority (215/231) were enrolled and 121 women (56%) completed a 7-year assessment. The outcomes included anatomic and symptomatic … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D309%26rft.spage%253D2016%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2013. 4919%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23677313%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jama.2013. 4919&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=23677313&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2Fearly%2F2013%2F09%2F05%2Feb-2013-101461.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000318855500024&link_type=ISI