Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosis in adults with epilepsy and its relationship to demographic, clinical and treatment variables

ABSTRACT Objectives: Psychiatric symptoms and disorders are commonly reported with epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of interictal psychosis (IIP) in adults with epilepsy and its risk predictors. Methods: The study included 710 patients (mean age: 36.40 years; age at onset: 13.58 years; duration of epilepsy: 22.80 years). All underwent neurological and psychiatric interviewing, electroencephalography and brain imaging. Results: IIP was reported in 20.65%, of them 50% had temporal lobe epilepsy with impaired awareness and/or to bilateral tonic clonic, 42.47% had frontal lobe epilepsy with impaired awareness and/or to bilateral tonic clonic and 7.53% had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Compared to patients without psychosis, patients with psychosis were older at age of examination, had earlier age at onset, frequent seizures, longer duration of epilepsy and long-term antiepileptic drugs therapy and many relatives with epilepsy. Nearly 76.71% had history of postictal psychosis (PIP). The mean age of onset of IIP was 30.45 years and its mean duration was 3.84 months. Approximately 22% of patients with IIP had family history of psychosis. Patients developed IIP 10 years or more after epilepsy onset. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that predictors for IIP were the age at onset and duration of epilepsy, number of seizures, family history of epilepsy or psychosis, history of PIP and different types of epilepsy. Conclusion: IIP is not infrequent with chronic epilepsy regardless to its type. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing patients’ treatment and early recognition and management of IIP. Abbreviations: IIP: interictal psychosis; PIP: post-ictal psychosis; TLE: temporal lobe epilepsy; FLE: frontal lobe epilepsy; GTC: generalized tonic clonic; AEDs: antiepileptic drugs; CBZ: carbamazepine; VPA: valproate; LEV: levetiracetam; APDs: antipsychotic drugs
Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant pro-CTSD (cathepsin D) corrects defective proteolysis and autophagy in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

ABSTRACT CTSD (cathepsin D) is one of the major lysosomal proteases indispensable for the maintenance of cellular proteostasis by turning over substrates of endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. Consequently, CTSD deficiency leads to a strong impairment of the lysosomal-autophagy machinery. In mice and humans CTSD dysfunction underlies the congenital variant (CLN10) of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). NCLs are distinct lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) sharing various hallmarks, namely accumulation of protein aggregates and ceroid lipofuscin leading to neurodegeneration and blindness. The most established and clinically approved approach to treat LSDs is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) aiming to replace the defective hydrolase with an exogenously applied recombinant protein. Here we reveal that recombinant human pro-CTSD produced in a mammalian expression system can be efficiently taken up by a variety of cell models, is correctly targeted to lysosomes and processed to the active mature form of the protease. In proof-of-principle experiments we provide evidence that recombinant human CTSD (rhCTSD) can improve the biochemical phenotype of CTSD-deficient hippocampal slice cultures in vitro and retinal cells in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dosing of rhCTSD in the murine CLN10 model leads to a correction of lysosomal hypertrophy, storage accumulation and impaired autophagic flux in the viscera and central nervous system (CNS). We establish that direct delivery of the recombinant protease to the CNS is required for improvement of neuropathology and lifespan extension. Together these data support the continuation of the pre-clinical studies for the application of rhCTSD in the treatment of NCL. Abbreviations: AIF1/IBA1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; BBB: blood brain barrier; CNS: central nervous system; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSL: cathepsin L; ERT: enzyme replacement therapy; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; INL: inner nuclear layer; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LRP1: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; LSD: lysosomal storage disorder; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; M6P: mannose 6-phosphate; mCTSD: mature CTSD; NCL: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; ONL: outer nuclear layer; PB: phosphate buffer; proCTSD: pro-cathepsin D; LRPAP1: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1; rhCTSD: human recombinant CTSD; SAPC: saposin C; SAPD: saposin D; ATP5G1: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9); SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TPP1: tripeptidyl peptidase I.
Impact of thyroid hormones on asthma in older adults

Objective Thyroid hormones affect airway contraction, but the specific effects of thyroid hormones on airways are controversial. Methods We divided 78 advanced-age men with asthma into 3 groups: type I respiratory failure (RF1), type II respiratory failure (RF2), and no respiratory failure (NRF). Pulmonary function was measured after asthma stabilization. Results The free triiodothyronine (FT3) level was significantly higher in the RF1 than RF2 group, but the free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were not significantly different. In the RF1, RF2, and NRF groups, the correlation coefficients between FT3 and the forced expiratory volume in1 s (FEV1) were 0.317, 0.627, and 0.213; those between FT3 and the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio were 0.287, 0.412, and 0.156; those between FT4 and FEV1 were 0.214, 0.231, and 0.167; and those between FT4 and the FEV1/FVC ratio were 0.211, 0.215, and 0.218, respectively. In the RF1 and RF2 groups, the correlation coefficients between the sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (SPINA-GD) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were 0.164 and 0.421, and those between SPINA-GD and FEV1 were 0.284 and 0.491, respectively. Conclusion The correlation between FT3 and pulmonary function is likely caused by changes in thyroid enzymology.
Behavioural Factors As Predictors of Self-rated Health Among Polish Adolescent Girls

Abstract Introduction Self-rated health (SRH), an indicator which is extensively used in population studies, constitutes a measure of health closely linked to morbidity, mortality and overall health status and enjoys popularity in surveys monitoring adolescents. Most studies show that at puberty girls assess their health as worse than boys do, and the difference widens with age. Moreover, puberty is a crucial period for health, since it is the time when health risk behaviours are often initiated or become established. Aim To analyse the associations between high scores on self-rated health among 15-year-old girls, participants of the Healthy Me programme, and their selected health behaviours. Material and methods The study covered a group of 1173 second-grade female students from 48 lower secondary schools located in rural and urban areas of 16 voivodeships all over Poland. The participants answered questions about chronic diseases or disability, self-rated health, diet, leisure activities, physical activity and health risk behaviours. In the statistical analysis, the association between self-rated health and individual indicators of health behaviour was examined using logistic regression. Results Two thirds of the girls assessed their health as excellent or good. Only approximately 5% of the respondents made the "extreme negative" assessment. In the final multivariate analysis, five factors remained important predictors of high self-rated health scores: regular participation in physical education classes, vigorous physical activity, daily breakfast consumption, consumption of fruit at least once a day and sleep for at least 8 hours a day. Conclusions Regularparticipation in physical education classes, vigorousphysical activity, consumption of breakfast and fruit every day, as well as sleep for at least 8 hours a day are powerful predictors of high scores on self-rated health of 15-year-old adolescent girls. Public health activities aimed at adolescents should focus on the positive aspects of health and a lifestyle paying special attention on pro health behaviours.
Development of a periodontitis risk assessment model for primary care providers in an interdisciplinary setting.

BACKGROUND Periodontitis (PD), a form of gum disease, is a major public health concern as it is globally prevalent and harms both individual quality of life and economic productivity. Global cost in lost productivity is estimated at US$54 billion annually. Moreover, current PD assessment applies only after the damage has already occurred. OBJECTIVE This study proposes and tests a new PD risk assessment model applicable at point-of-care, using supervised machine learning methods. METHODS We compare the performance of five algorithms using retrospective clinical data: Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Decision Tree (DT). RESULTS DT and ANN demonstrated higher accuracy in classifying the patients with high or low PD risk as compared to NB, LR and SVM. The resultant model with DT showed a sensitivity of 87.08% (95% CI 84.12% to 89.76%) and specificity of 93.5% (95% CI 91% to 95.49%). CONCLUSIONS A predictive model with high sensitivity and specificity to stratify individuals into low and high PD risk tiers was developed. Validation in other populations will inform translational value of this approach and its potential applicability as clinical decision support tool.
Parkinson’s Disease in Women and Men: What’s the Difference?

Increasing evidence points to biological sex as an important factor in the development and phenotypical expression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Risk of developing PD is twice as high in men than women, but women have a higher mortality rate and faster progression of the disease. Moreover, motor and nonmotor symptoms, response to treatments and disease risk factors differ between women and men. Altogether, sex-related differences in PD support the idea that disease development might involve distinct pathogenic mechanisms (or the same mechanism but in a different way) in male and female patients. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge concerning differences between women and men in PD clinical features, risk factors, response to treatments and mechanisms underlying the disease pathophysiology. Unraveling how the pathology differently affect the two sexes might allow the development of tailored interventions and the design of innovative programs that meet the distinct needs of men and women, improving patient care.
Implementation of on-campus digital examination practices

Despite much learning now being conducted through computer-mediated forms, universities still use paper-based examinations to validate individual achievement. This creates dissonance between teaching and assessment; and prevents adoption of computer-based techniques on a large scale in curriculum design. Some institutions are striving to eliminate this dissonance by trialling computer-based system for examination-style assessment, and in addition add efficiencies to the labour-intensive process of marking. This paper presents the implementation of computer-based examinations in Scotland, Nigeria and Tasmania, with an emphasis on the diversity of current approaches. The paper also attempts to describe pathways for institutions contemplating such a radical innovation.
Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD.

OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy and computational efficiency of two of the latest deep-learning algorithms for automatic identification of cephalometric landmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1028 cephalometric radiographic images were selected as learning data that trained You-Only-Look-Once version 3 (YOLOv3) and Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) methods. The number of target labeling was 80 landmarks. After the deep-learning process, the algorithms were tested using a new test data set composed of 283 images. Accuracy was determined by measuring the point-to-point error and success detection rate and was visualized by drawing scattergrams. The computational time of both algorithms was also recorded. RESULTS The YOLOv3 algorithm outperformed SSD in accuracy for 38 of 80 landmarks. The other 42 of 80 landmarks did not show a statistically significant difference between YOLOv3 and SSD. Error plots of YOLOv3 showed not only a smaller error range but also a more isotropic tendency. The mean computational time spent per image was 0.05 seconds and 2.89 seconds for YOLOv3 and SSD, respectively. YOLOv3 showed approximately 5% higher accuracy compared with the top benchmarks in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Between the two latest deep-learning methods applied, YOLOv3 seemed to be more promising as a fully automated cephalometric landmark identification system for use in clinical practice.
Real world familiarity does not reduce susceptibility to emotional disruption of perception: evidence from two temporal attention tasks

ABSTRACT The visual system has been found to prioritise emotional stimuli so robustly that their presence can temporarily “blind” people to non-emotional targets in their direct line of vision. This has ostensible implications for the real world: medics must not be blinded to important information despite the trauma they confront, and drivers must not be blinded when passing emotionally engaging billboards. One possibility is that the familiarity of goal-relevant information can protect people’s perception of it despite emotional distraction (e.g. drivers’ perception might be less impaired by graphic ads when on a familiar road). In two experiments, we tested whether familiarity renders targets more perceptible following the presentation of an emotional distractor in two temporal attention tasks, emotion-induced blindness (Experiment 1) and the attentional blink (Experiment 2). Targets were pictures of familiar or unfamiliar locations. Although, overall, familiar targets were seen better than unfamiliar targets in both studies, stimulus familiarity did not reduce the relative perceptual impairments caused by emotional distractors.
Design Algorithm for Leadframe Packages with or without Ground Plane

This paper provides design techniques for leadframe packages with or without a ground plane, which enable an accurate estimate of the maximum Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) and the required numbers of power and/or ground pins for pre-specified SSN limits early in the design phase. Two heuristic design approaches, namely equal-angle and quarter-plane, are proposed as initial design choices for the lead frame design to meet pre-specified SSN constraint. Effects of the signal conductors in reducing the effective inductance of a leadframe package are quantified. Closed-form equations and SPICE simulation are used to calculate the Simultaneous Switching Noise. A design example for a 28/spl times/28 mm Plastic Quad Flat Package (PQFP) is given to provide guidelines for SSN-constrained design. The design algorithm is integrated into a CAD tool, UASSNS3.0, which is capable of initial SSN design of leadframe packages.
Laura Smalligan's Jonkonnu, a Jamaican Slave Dance: Contesting the African in African-American

Using insights from her field of West African art and ethnography, Laura Smalligan (in an earlier journal article concerning the Jamaican slave dance, Jonkonnu) opens up and renews challenging perspectives regarding the indispensable African content of New World slavery. Smalligan argues that the Connu slave pageant stemmed from a particular time, place and outlook (of slaves from the Bight of Biafra, modern Nigeria). Discussion here pivots on two comparisons: of dance, often accompanied by trance states (from West Africa to Anglophone plantation societies in the Caribbean and mainland North America); and, of the way contemporary scholars now – often smitten in this generation by the postmodern ‘literary turn’ – view, prematurely, slave ethnicity as heuristically vague and unmanageable, as opposed to local slave society people, black and white, then who in their ordinary talk and activities depicted certain slaves ethnically (and linguistically). These broad comparisons should deepen and advance understandings to that dimension of the African diaspora to the Americas known (fashionably) as ‘ethnogenesis’, that is, the process of becoming African-American.
Domestic violence against women in Shiraz, South-western Iran

Abstract: Background: Domestic violence against women can lead to short and long term health-related issues. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence against married women and its correlates in southwestern, Iran. Methods: A population-based survey was carried out from February 1st to May 30th, 2018 in Shiraz, Iran. Currently married or recently separated/divorced women who visited healthcare centers were voluntarily interviewed. World Health Organization (WHO) standard domestic violence questionnaire was used to measure domestic violence. Hence, its prevalence and correlates were assessed. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Lifetime prevalence of overall, mental, physical, and sexual domestic violence were 54.5% (95% CI: 49.6, 59.4), 52.0% (95% CI: 47.1, 57.0), 18.2 % (95% CI: 14.4, 22.0) and 14.0 % (95% CI: 10.6, 17.4), respectively. Living separately, increasing spouse’s age, the higher number of children, rental housing, middle to low monthly income, and history of domestic violence in the family of husband and/or wife had a positive correlation with domestic violence in some categories. Conclusions: More than half of the married women in southwestern Iran are experiencing domestic violence, and mental domestic violence is the most common type. Economic instability and witnessing domestic violence in childhood are the most correlates of domestic violence. Family violence preventive services and other population-based measures are highly necessary for this region.
Using Multiple Markers In Graph Exploration

A fundamental problem in robotics is that of exploring an unknown environment. Most current approaches to exploration make use of a global distance metric that is used to relate past sensory experiences to local measurements. Rather than rely on such an assumption we consider the more general problem of exploration without a distance metric, as is typical of exploring using only visual information: we propose robot exploration as graph building. In earlier papers we have shown that it is not possible for a robot to successfully explore a metricless environment without aid, but that by augmenting the robot with a single marker (which can be put down or picked up at will) it is possible for a robot to map its environment[1]. In this paper we present the extension of our algorithm to the case of k markers, and comment on the resulting decrease in time for exploration. By defining a minimal model for the world and the sensory ability of the robot, we separate spatial reasoning from visual perception. In this paper we deal only with the spa-tial reasoning component of the exploration problem, and assume that visual perception can identify the marker and the edges incident on the current location.
Ectopic localization of autophagosome in fatty liver is a key factor for liver regeneration

ABSTRACT Autophagy has a critical role in liver regeneration. However, no studies have demonstrated autophagic flux in the regenerating fatty liver. The aim of this study was to clarify the dynamics of autophagy in the regeneration of the fatty liver. Following 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in db/db fatty mice, which is a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model, we investigated the survival rate and recovery of liver volume. Histological examination of the regenerating liver was examined using electron microscopy. The 7-day survival rate after PH in db/db mice was 20%, which was significantly lower than that in control mice (P< .01). Liver regeneration within 48 h after PH was significantly impaired in db/db mice (P< .05). The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells and the expression levels of cell-cycle markers cyclins D, E, and A were lower in db/db mice compared with controls. In the regenerating liver, LC3-II level was higher in db/db mice, but p62 expression was increased and cathepsin D expression, a marker of autophagolysosome proteolysis, was decreased compared with controls. Additionally, electronic microscopy revealed that autophagosomes during liver regeneration in db/db mice were mainly located in lipid droplets. Our findings indicate that the different localization of autophagosomes in db/db mice compared with controls led to impairment of liver regeneration in the fatty liver.
Individual Moral Disengagement and Bullying Among Swedish Fifth Graders: The Role of Collective Moral Disengagement and Pro-Bullying Behavior Within Classrooms

School bullying is a complex social and relational phenomenon with severe consequences for those involved. Most children view bullying as wrong and recognize its harmful consequences; nevertheless, it continues to be a persistent problem within schools. Previous research has shown that children’s engagement in bullying perpetration can be influenced by multiple factors (e.g., different forms of cognitive distortions) and at different ecological levels (e.g., child, peer-group, school, and society). However, the complexity of school bullying warrants further investigation of the interplay between factors, at different levels. Grounded in social cognitive theory, which focuses on both cognitive factors and social processes, this study examined whether children’s bullying perpetration was associated with moral disengagement at the child level and with collective moral disengagement and prevalence of pro-bullying behavior at the classroom level. Cross-level interactions were also tested to examine the effects of classroom-level variables on the association between children’s tendency to morally disengage and bullying perpetration. The study’s analyses were based on cross-sectional self-report questionnaire data from 1,577 Swedish fifth-grade children from 105 classrooms (53.5% girls; Mage = 11.3, SD = 0.3). Multilevel modeling techniques were used to analyze the data. The results showed that bullying perpetration was positively associated with moral disengagement at the child level and with collective moral disengagement and pro-bullying behavior at the classroom level. Furthermore, the effect of individual moral disengagement on bullying was stronger for children in classrooms with higher levels of pro-bullying behaviors. These findings further support the argument that both moral processes and behaviors within classrooms, such as collective moral disengagement and pro-bullying behavior, need to be addressed in schools’ preventive work against bullying.
Effect size of search superiority in autism spectrum disorder

This review of the literature in visual search superiority in autism was intended to quantify the effect size of visual search performance in autism. Not all studies have found an advantage within the autistic population. Early findings on search superiority have led to different proposed mechanisms for the observed results. A review of feature search found that the effect size was low across 15 included studies (Cohen's d 0.089 [−0.150 to 0.293]). However, the effect size was larger for more complex search paradigms using a conjunctive search strategy with Cohen's d showing a moderate effect of 0.223 (0.087 to 0.293). The majority of studies were limited to a small sample size and biased toward the high‐functioning end of the autistic spectrum. The overall results indicate that within the autism spectrum disorder population there is a low to moderate search advantage compared to typically developing individuals.