Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep disturbances during pregnancy are associated with cesarean delivery and preterm birth

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of sleep disturbances during pregnancy with cesarean delivery and preterm birth. Methods: In this prospective study, 688 healthy women with singleton pregnancy were selected from three hospitals in Chengdu, China 2013–2014. Self-report questionnaires, including the sleep quantity and quality as well as exercise habits in a recent month were administered at 12–16, 24–28, and 32–36 weeks’ gestation. Data on type of delivery, gestational age, and the neonates’ weight were recorded after delivery. After controlling the potential confounders, a serial of multi-factor logistic regression models were performed to evaluate whether sleep quality and quantity were associated with cesarean delivery and preterm birth. Results: There were 382 (55.5%) women who had cesarean deliveries and 32 (4.7%) who delivered preterm. Women with poor sleep quality during the first (OR: 1.87, 95% CI [1.02–3.43]), second (5.19 [2.25–11.97]), and third trimester (1.82 [1.18–2.80]) were at high risk of cesarean delivery. Women with poor sleep quality during the second (5.35 [2.10–13.63]) and third trimester (3.01 [1.26–7.19]) as well as short sleep time (<7 h) during the third trimester (4.67 [1.24–17.50]) were at high risk of preterm birth. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances are associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery and preterm birth throughout pregnancy. Obstetric care providers should advise women with childbearing age to practice healthy sleep hygiene measures.
Evaluation of home testing to improve follow up after gestational diabetes (Fingerstick Assessments of Sugar Two-months postpartum or FAST)

Objective Historically the rates of postpartum glucose tolerance testing for women with gestational diabetes (GDM) average a suboptimal 33%. Barriers include the need for new mothers to miss work and/or arrange for childcare in order to engage in a two-hour test at a commercial lab. This pilot study was initiated to test the theory that a home testing regimen would be accepted by patients and increase the rate of postpartum glucose assessments relative to published rates, without requiring additional health-care staff or resources to achieve this goal. Study design Six weeks postpartum, women with GDM from an academic private practice were asked to check fingerstick blood glucose (FAST Protocol) four times a day for two days, and then obtain an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The physician consultants saw the women each month during pregnancy and arranged the postpartum testing. Results Two of 69 refused to be consented. Twelve of the remaining 67(18%) women completed both the FAST regimen and the OGTT, three completed only the OGTT and five completed only the FAST regimen for a final follow-up rate of 20/67 (30%). The demands of caring for a newborn, or the annoyance of fingersticks, were barriers to compliance. Conclusions In spite of intense physician involvement, this home testing regimen was not associated with an increase in the rates of women participating in postpartum glucose assessments.
Patient Self-Assessment of Appearance Is Improved More by All Pedicle Screw Than by Hybrid Constructs in Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Study Design. A multicenter prospective cohort study. Objective. To compare the effect of all pedicle screw versus hybrid constructs on patient self-assessment of appearance after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This will contribute to future cost-effective analyses on surgical management of AIS. Summary of Background Data. For surgical management of AIS, the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) and the Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument (SRS-30) are reliable surveys of patient satisfaction, but neither tool has been used to assess outcome by implant type. Methods. Patients received either all pedicle screws or hybrid instrumentation. Self-assessment of appearance pre- and after surgery was measured by SAQ and SRS-30. Statistical significance was evaluated through P values (P < 0.01 in the SAQ, P < 0.05 in the SRS-30) and effect sizes. Results. There were 93 patients in the all pedicle screw cohort and 61 in the hybrid cohort. There were no significant preoperative differences between the cohorts in the SAQ or SRS-30. All pedicle screw patients tended to see more improvement in shoulder level than hybrid patients in 2 separate SAQ questions (P = 0.025, Cohen's D = 0.20; P = 0.013, D = 0.24). The screw patients also tended to have better scores than hybrid patients in the category, “looking better in clothes” (P = 0.017, V = 0.24) at 2 years postoperative. All pedicle screw patients self-reported significant greater improvement than hybrid patients in the SRS-30 Appearance and Mental domains (P = 0.016, ES = 0.038; P = 0.005, ES = 0.051). There were no significant differences between cohorts in age, gender, baseline curve, or major curve magnitude. Conclusion. All pedicle screw constructs lead to better self-assessment of appearance in operative treatment of AIS, as determined by SAQ and SRS-30.
Interpersonal Sensitivity, Status, and Stereotype Accuracy

A classic question in social and organizational psychology is whether low-status persons are more accurate in the perception of their high-status partners than the latter are in their perception of their subordinates. In a series of studies, Snodgrass (1985, 1992) tested this idea. She found that subordinates were more accurate at judging how their bosses viewed them than bosses were at judging how their subordinates viewed them, but that bosses were more accurate at judging how subordinates viewed themselves than subordinates were at judging how bosses viewed themselves. We believe, however, that these results were obscured by stereotype accuracy. Using previously collected data, we found that stereotype accuracy does lead to the pattern previously observed by Snodgrass. We also discovered that when we controlled for stereotype accuracy, subordinates’ perceptions were generally more accurate than those of their bosses, which supports Snodgrass’s original hypothesis.
Growth and vitamin A deficiency.

THE idea that vitamin A has a specific effect in promoting growth has been prevalent since the earliest days of vitamin work. Thus when accumulating evidence indicated that a fat-soluble accessory factor was necessary for satisfactory growth in rats, Hopkins [1912] suggested that the missing factor was one "concerned solely with growth," and Osborne and Mendel [1913] sought to discover the factor which is "peculiarly essential for growth. " Even after the fat-soluble factor had been differentiated into two components, and it had been shown that absence of the antirachitic component D might also be a limiting factor in growth [Steenbock and Nelson, 1923], the tendency still persisted to regard component A as the "growth-promoting vitamin," and references to its activity in this respect have abounded in the literature up to the present day. Although the early experimental evidence may have given some justification for assuming that the fat-soluble factor had a specific effect on growth, further research on the role of vitamin A in nutrition has indicated that the pathological conditions arising from deficiency of this vitamin are of more importance than any apparent cessation of growth that may occur. A few workers have realised the significance of these observations, and have protested against the continued use of the term "growth vitamin" for vitamin A [e.g. Steenbock et al., 1924-25; Green and Mellanby, 1928], but the idea is still widely accepted. Thus, in the monograph on the "Vitamins" recently published by the Medical Research Council [1932], it is stated that "the biological estimation of vitamin A is generally based on its growth-promoting property," that "in a curative test, the animals are allowed to exhaust their reserves of vitamin A, as indicated by cessation of growth," and that "the timely administration of adequate supplies of vitamin A is soon followed by a resumption ofgrowth. " Still more recently we find papers published in Germany and France, bearing in their titles, with reference to vitamin A, the phrases "Das Vitamin des Wachstums" and "Le Facteur de Croissance" [Kuhn and Brockman, 1933; Busson, 1933]. Although there is abundant evidence of the fall in weight which eventually occurs in the absence of this vitamin, no proof has been given of the generally accepted assumption that this loss in weight indicates cessation of growth. The weight of an animal is dependent partly on the weight of its skeleton, but to a large extent also on the weight of its organs, and on the amount of muscle and fat which cover the skeletal framework. The weight is thus very readily affected by variations in the health and state of nutrition of the animal. On the other hand, size, stature or length is determined almost entirely by the amount of skeletal development. It is a commonplace clinical observation that a pathological condition may be accompanied by loss of weight, and further, that in
The Year 2000

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading the year 2000 is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
The properties of a nuclear acidic protein fraction that binds [6,7-3H]oestradiol-17beta.

1. Additional evidence was obtained that the nuclear oestradiol-17beta receptor is an acidic protein. Partial purification of the receptor protein was obtained by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and it contains protein-bound phosphate. 2. The nuclear ;5s' and cytoplasmic ;9.5s' and ;5s' receptors from uterus, dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinoma and kidney are precipitated together with bound oestradiol-17beta by protamine sulphate. This common property suggests that the nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors are related to each other. 3. The properties of two acidic protein fractions from both liver and dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinoma are described. Fraction 1 contains two major components and fraction 2 contains one component, as judged from polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Fraction 2 contains RNA and both fractions contain protein-bound phosphate. 4. These fractions form insoluble complexes with calf thymus histone, protamine sulphate and poly-l-lysine. The formation of these complexes is markedly affected by ionic strength and pH. Ionization of both the in-amino group of lysine and carboxyl group are involved. RNA and DNA do not appear to be involved. The interaction is not affected by EDTA or 1mm-Na(+), -K(+), -Ca(2+), -Mg(2+) or -Mn(2+). Per unit weight, whole histone has 4-5 times as many binding sites for the acidic proteins as the latter have for the former. 5. No convincing evidence was obtained for DNA-acidic protein interaction, but, as judged from precipitation experiments, there was competition between DNA and acidic protein for histone. 6. Relatively large amounts of acidic protein partly relieved the histone inhibition of the template activity of DNA for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6).
Modulation of the Visual Word Retrieval System in Writing: A Functional MRI Study on the Japanese Orthographies

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether the act of writing involves different neuro-psychological mechanisms between the two script systems of the Japanese language: kanji (ideogram) and kana (phonogram). The main experiments employed a 2 2 factorial design that comprised writing-to-dictation and visual mental recall for kanji and kana. For both scripts, the actual writing produced a widespread fronto-parietal activation in the left hemisphere. Especially, writing of kanji activated the left posteroinferior temporal cortex (lPITC), whereas that of kana also yielded a trend of activation in the same area. Mental recall for both scripts activated similarly the left parieto-temporal regions including the lPITC. The writing versus mental recall comparison revealed greater activations in the left sensorimotor areas and right cerebellum. The kanji versus kana comparison showed increased responses in the left prefrontal and anterior cingulate areas. Especially, the lPITC showed a significant task-by-script interaction. Two additional control tasks, repetition (REP) and semantic judgment (SJ), activated the bilateral perisylvian areas, but enhanced the lPITC response only weakly. These results suggest that writing of the ideographic and phonographic scripts, although using the largely same cortical regions, each modulates the visual word-retrieval system according to their graphic features. Furthermore, comparisons with two additional tasks indicate that the activity of the lPITC increases especially in expressive language operations regardless of sensory modalities of the input stimulus.
Lower levels of glutathione in the brains of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients measured by 1H magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging at 3 T

Background: Disability levels for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) often worsen despite a stable MRI T2 lesion burden. The presence of oxidative stress in the absence of measurable inflammation could help explain this phenomenon. In this study, the assessment of an in vivo marker of oxidative stress, cerebral glutathione (GSH), using magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging (CSI) is described, and GSH levels were compared in patients with SPMS and healthy controls. Objective: To assess whether GSH, a key antioxidant in the brain, is lower in the SPMS patients compared to matched controls. Methods: Seventeen patients with SPMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 4.0–7.0; length of MS diagnosis = 19.4 ± 7 years) and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. GSH levels were measured in the fronto-parietal regions of the brain using a specially designed magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique, CSI of GSH, at 3T. Results: The levels of GSH were lower for SPMS patients than for controls, the largest reduction (18.5%) being in the frontal region (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The lower GSH levels in these patients indicate the presence of oxidative stress in SPMS. This process could be at least partially responsible for ongoing functional decline in SPMS.
Variance-Reduced Stochastic Learning by Networked Agents Under Random Reshuffling

This paper develops a distributed variance-reduced strategy for a collection of interacting agents that are connected by a graph topology. The resulting diffusion-AVRG (where AVRG stands for “amortized variance-reduced gradient”) algorithm is shown to have linear convergence to the exact solution, and is more memory efficient than other alternative algorithms. When a batch implementation is employed, it is observed in simulations that diffusion-AVRG is more computationally efficient than exact diffusion or EXTRA, while maintaining almost the same communication efficiency.
A daily diary study of late-life depression.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to use data from daily diaries to characterize the day-to-day variability in positive and negative affects, and the relationship between daily events and daily affects in primary care patients with late-life depression. METHOD Daily diary data were obtained from primary care patients with major depression (N = 25) and other depressive disorders (N = 33); data from a two-week period were compared with those from elderly normal volunteer comparison subjects (N = 70) who participated in other studies. RESULTS There was significant day-to-day variability in negative affect in patients with major depression and other depressive disorders. Dysphoric days (days with a negative affect ratings that occurred once every two weeks in normal subjects) represented 65.3% (standard deviation [SD]: 37.1) of days in those with major depression and 50.6% (SD: 37.6) in those with other depression versus 7.7% (SD: 16.3) in normal subjects (F = 36.0, p <0.001). The groups did not differ significantly in the number of positive and negative events reported, but the proportion of dysphoric days that occurred in association with negative events was greater in normal subjects than in those with major depression. Mixed-effects analyses demonstrated that patients with major depression had blunted positive affective responses to positive events, consistent with impairments in hedonic processes, and that patients with other depressions exhibited heightened negative affective responses to negative events, greater than those in normal subjects and patients with major depression. CONCLUSIONS Diary methods demonstrated characteristics of late-life depression that have not been identified with assessment methods that have lower time resolution.
Density of lectin‐like receptors in the FLO1 phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

An improved lectin assay was recently developed to determine the density of lectin sites present on the surface of a haploid strain 1209 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibiting the Flo1 phenotype. The assay is based on the use of FITC‐avidin which contains a mannose side chain which functions as a binding site to the cell wall lectins termed zymolectins. An examination of the effect of culture time on the zymolectin density indicated no significant effect (P > 0·05) confirming other findings that Flo1 acts in a constitutive manner. Zymolectin densities for this strain averaged 5·4 × 106 sites cell−1.
COMBINED INJURY: FACTORS WITH POTENTIAL TO IMPACT RADIATION DOSE ASSESSMENTS

Combined injuries, which are expected after a radiation dispersal device release or nuclear weapon detonation, are the combination of radiation exposure and tissue injuries from blast and thermal energy. To determine the impact of such trauma, mice were used to (1) evaluate the consequences of skin tissue injuries after various qualities and doses of radiation and (2) document substances that increase survival from radiation injury. Female 12- to 20-wk-old mice weighing 23 ± 3 g received dorsal skin burns or wounds (15% total body skin surface) under methoxyflurane anesthesia before or after irradiation in this study approved by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Methoxyflurane is analgesic up to 48 h after injury. The radiations used in these studies included 60Co gamma photons (1.25 MeV) and research-reactor-produced neutrons with an average energy of 0.96 MeV in either an enriched-field [n/(n + γ) = 0.95] configuration at 4.2 kW or a mixed-field [n/(n + γ) = 0.67] configuration operated at 45 kW. Dose rates averaged 0.4 Gy/min. Endpoints included survival, LD50/30s (lethal dose to produce 50% mortality in 30 d), dose modifying factors, relative biological effectiveness values, tissue alterations, susceptibility to bacterial challenge, and countermeasure efficacies. Countermeasures evaluated included S-3-(3-methylaminopropylamino) propylthiophosphorothioic acid (WR-151327), antibiotics, immune modulators, and bone marrow transplantation. Of these treatments, survival was improved by WR-151327, antibiotics, synthetic trehalose discorynomycolate, and bone marrow transplantation. Because trauma to irradiated personnel and medical countermeasures may affect biodosimetric measurements, it will be necessary to quickly determine radiation dose in order to implement appropriate therapy.
Utility of the Surgical Apgar Score in Kidney Transplantation

Background: This study analyzed the utility of the Surgical Apgar Scoring (SAS) system in predicting morbidity in kidney transplantation. Recipient comorbidities were evaluated for any effect on the SAS and then globally assessed for any relationship with intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for dialysis, creatinine at discharge, length of stay, incremental, and total cost of transplantation. The hypothesis for this study is that a low SAS will be a statistically significant predictor of postoperative morbidity and associated costs. Methods: This was an institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective longitudinal cohort study on 204 solitary kidney transplant recipients (2009-2011). Patients were divided into 2 groups: low to moderate = SAS ≤ 7 and high = SAS ≥ 8. These groups were then analyzed against a host of variables. Results: Sixty-five percent of patients had an SAS of 7 or lower, while 35% had an SAS of 8 and higher. Recipients with a history of stroke were 88% more likely to be in the low-moderate SAS group (P = .017). Patients with lower SASs trended toward having less extended criteria donors (0.097) but were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (P = .043), leading to significantly higher transplant event hospitalization costs. Higher SASs were more likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge (P = .027), leading to higher 30-day postdischarge costs (P = .014). Readmission rates, however, and 30-day follow-up costs were similar between SAS groups after controlling for donor characteristics, specifically donor marginality and recipient estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a history of stroke in the recipient may lend to a lower SAS and that a low SAS is associated with ICU admission following transplant, leading to higher hospital costs.
Capturing individual differences in prefrontal activity with wearable fNIRS for daily use

Investigating brain functioning in real-word scenarios have a wide range of applications; these require the involvement of several neural engineering technologies. To obtain insights on the usability of easy-to-use wearable and wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices for investigating brain functioning in real-world situations, we conducted a basic task-based experiment. Neural activities in the left and lateral prefrontal regions were measured while participants were performing n-back working memory task with multiple target modalities and levels of cognitive load. The results indicated that (1) prefrontal activity level at the left and right regions were associated with task performance of the verbal and spatial working memory task, respectively; (2) higher cognitive load helped capture individual differences in functionally relevant neural activities; and (3) removal of physiological noise was essential. The results suggest that with proper signal processing, wearable fNIRS devices can capture individual differences in the prefrontal functional organization. Implications for the application of the wearable fNIRS devices to real-world studies are discussed.
Mycobacterial Infections of the Head and Neck

Despite the decline of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western world, the incidence of cervical mycobacterial infections has remained relatively unaffected. A retrospective review was conducted of 20 patients treated for head and neck tuberculosis from 1984 to 1991. They were mostly an immigrant group coming from underdeveloped countries close to the equator. All cases were treated with antituberculous chemotherapy; 18 patients also underwent surgical excision of their lymphadenopathy. Sixteen patients showed complete response to combined treatment and one relapse was successfully retreated with antituberculous medication. Three patients died from unrelated causes–two from human immunodeficiency virus infection and one from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The most reliable indicator of mycobacterial infection was the pathologic specimen, making the need for surgical intervention an important diagnostic consideration. As with other reports, most patients in our series had negative chest x-ray films, variable responses to skin testing, and negative cultures. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of this disease are discussed. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:427-33.)