Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOOKING FOR MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA IN RUSSIAN URBAN SYSTEM

This paper studies the effect of forced labor relocation in GULAG, and the losses during the WWII on the long-term dynamics of city growth in the USSR. The main goal is to test whether the impact of Stalinist policies and the WWII on economic geography of the USSR persists in long run, and whether, in response to these policies, the long-term dynamics of the Soviet city growth shows evidence of multiple equilibria. I find that WWII does not have a statistically significant long-term effect on city growth, controlling for other factors, while GULAG system does. The growth of an average city in 1960s exhibits partial mean-reversion after the shocks of 1930s-1950s. The dynamics is consistent with multiple equilibria hypothesis: cities that received a lot of investment (as measured by the GULAG population) in the 1930s-1950s, have a higher chance not to revert to the previous trajectory, but to continue growing, while neglected cities are more likely to decline.
EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

This study aims to investigate the effect of industrial training on subsequent academic performance of accounting students in Malaysia. The performance measures examined in this study include the overall academic performance of the students as well as their performance in subsequent specific courses. In addition to the overall sample analysis, the study also investigates the impact on performance based on gender. This study uses secondary data obtained from the university database. In particular, the data on the list of accounting students who underwent practical training, information on GPA, CGPA, and the results for fundamental auditing, advanced auditing, fundamental taxation and advanced taxation courses for each student, are extracted from the database. The data are analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. In addition to the rudimentary statistical analysis techniques of mean score and standard deviation, paired-samples t-tests are conducted to examine the statistical significant impact of internship on performance for the overall sample as well as based on gender. The findings reveal that there is a statistically significant positive impact of internship on the academic performance of accounting students for overall performance as well as for performance in auditing and taxation. Analysis by gender indicates that the results for females are consistent with the overall analysis results, while the results for their male counterparts are mixed. In conclusion, industrial training contributes to better academic achievement irrespective of gender.
The Influence of Underwriter and Auditor Reputations on IPO Under-pricing

Companies considering initiating public offerings (IPO) expect to raise funds and would like to maximize their initial return. The asymmetry of information between parties involved in initial public offerings often jeopardizes potential investors’ involvement. Besides the financial factors, the reputations of the underwriters and auditors have a significant impact on the initial return of shares. This paper aims to investigate and measure the influence of underwriter and auditor reputation on under-pricing of share prices. The findings show that the higher the reputation, the lower is the initial return of shares, thus there is a higher level of undervaluation. The samples used are companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2004-2009. This study could contribute to academics’, companies’ and investors’ knowledge about the impact of non-financial factors on share prices during initial public offerings. Key Words: Underwriter Reputation, Auditor Reputation, Initial Public Offering, Under-pricing, Undervaluation
Evaluating a Persistent Soft Fault Model on Preconditioned Iterative Methods

The impact of soft fault errors on the GMRES iterative method with flexible preconditioning (called FGMRES) is explored. In particular, a new method for simulating soft fault errors is implemented directly in FGMRES, and the effect of error magnitude and timing is evaluated for the FGMRES convergence in solving of an elliptical PDE problem on a regular grid. Two types of preconditioners are explored, featuring an incomplete LU factorization and an algebraic recursive multilevel solver ARMS. The experiments have confirmed an intuition that, in general, injecting perturbation-based faults at the matrix-vector operation stage had a greater impact on the convergence rate than doing so at the preconditioning application stage, resulting in more cases when the iterative solver failed. In addition, several cases of better convergence under faults in preconditioning operation were observed and analyzed.
Response of Nut and Oilseed Sunflower to Different Sources and Levels of Phosphate and Zinc Nutrition

In order to comparing some responses of nut and oil sunflowers types (Helianthus annus L.) current experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Centre, Islamic Azad University Arak, Iran during 2011. The treatments were different sources and levels of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer under field condition. Four levels for phosphorus included 350, 175, 175 kg/ha triple super phosphate (TSP) plus 100g/ha phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB) and PSB alone. Four levels of Zinc also were 0, 25 kg/ha soil application from zinc sulphate (ZS), 25 kg/ha soil application from zinc sulphate plus soluble zinc 10% (SZ) foliar application and soluble zinc 10% (SZ) as foliar application were applied. The results showed in oil type sunflower interaction difference between grain yields was not significant difference. The lowest grain yield in oil type sunflower was 1.28 and 1.29 t/ha by utilization of 175kg/ha TSP + 100 g/ha PSB plus 25 kg/ha ZS in form of soil application and 100 g/ha PSB simultaneously without statistically difference. Field consumption of 350 kg/ha triple super phosphate and soluble zinc foliar application caused significant increase in seeds weight for oil and nut sunflowers types. The highest sunflower grains number in heads was 2730 kernels by obtained in treatment that received phosphorus from PSB alone. The consequences of this study propose that soil application of zinc sulphate may increase grain yield and zinc content in sunflower grain under Arak soil conditions.
Sensitivity of SWAT simulated streamflow to climatic changes within the Eastern Nile River basin

The hydrological model SWAT was run with daily station based precipitation and temperature data for the whole Eastern Nile basin including the three subbasins: the Abbay (Blue Nile), BaroAkobo and Tekeze. The daily and monthly streamflows were calibrated and validated at six outlets with station-based streamflow data in the three different subbasins. The model performed very well in simulating the monthly variability while the validation against daily data revealed a more diverse performance. The simulations indicated that around 60% of the average annual rainfalls of the subbasins were lost through evaporation while the estimated runoff coefficients were 0.24, 0.30 and 0.18 for Abbay, BaroAkobo and Tekeze subbasins, respectively. About half to two-thirds of the runoff could be attributed to surface runoff while the other contributions came from groundwater. Twenty hypothetical climate change scenarios (perturbed temperatures and precipitation) were conducted to test the sensitivity of SWAT simulated annual streamflow. The result revealed that the annual streamflow sensitivity to changes in precipitation and temperature differed among the basins and the dependence of the response on the strength of the changes was not linear. On average the annual streamflow responses to a change in precipitation with no temperature change were 19%, 17%, and 26% per 10% change in precipitation while the average annual streamflow responses to a change in temperature and no precipitation change were −4.4% K −1 , −6.4% K −1 , and −1.3% K −1 for Abbay, BaroAkobo and Tekeze river basins, respectively. 47 temperature and precipitation scenarios from 19 AOGCMs participating inCMIP3 were used to estimate future changes in streamflow due to climate changes. The climate models disagreed on both the strength and the direction of future precipitation changes. Thus, no clear conclusions could be made about future changes in the Eastern Nile streamflow. However, such types of assessment are important as they emphasise the need to use several an ensemble of AOGCMs as the results strongly dependent on the choice of climate models.
Non-Fermi-liquid scattering against an emergent Bose liquid: Manifestations in the kink and other exotic quasiparticle behavior in the normal-state cuprate superconductors

The normal state of cuprate superconductors exhibits many exotic behaviors qualitatively different from the Fermi liquid, the foundation of condensed matter physics. Here we demonstrate that non-Fermi liquid behaviors emerge naturally from scattering against an emergent Bose liquid. Particularly, we find a finite zero-energy scattering rate at low-temperature limit that grows linearly with respect to temperature, against clean fermions' generic non-dissipative characteristics. Surprisingly, three other seemingly unrelated experimental observations are also produced, including the well-studied "kink" in the quasi-particle dispersion, as well as the puzzling correspondences between the normal and superconducting state. Our findings provide a general route for fermionic systems to generate non-Fermi liquid behavior, and suggest strongly that by room temperature the doped holes in the cuprates have already formed an emergent Bose liquid of tightly bound pairs, whose low-temperature condensation gives unconventional superconductivity.
Dynamic econometric modeling: List of contributors

This paper attempts to give a structural interpretation to the distributed lag of sales on investment at the two-digit level in US manufacturing. It first presents a simple model which captures the various sources of lags and their respective implications. It then estimates the model, using both data on investment and sales as well as direct evidence on the sources of lags. The spirit of the paper is exploratory ; the model is used mainly as a vehicle to construct, present and interpret the data. We find that the following model can roughly generate the distributed lag structure found in the data. Firms face delivery lags of 3 quarters. They also face adjustment costs, which lead them to take into account expected future sales, with discount factor -9 when constructing the desired capital stock, and to close about 5% of the gap between actual and desired capital per quarter. They pay for orders at a constant rate between the time of order and that of delivery. The model is however not very successful in explaining differences in dynamics across sectors.
Implicit and Explicit Consequences of Distraction for Aging and Memory

This investigation explored implicit and explicit memory consequences of age differences in susceptibility to distraction when previous distraction occurs as target information in a later memory task. Younger and older adults were presented with either implicit (Study 1) or explicit (Studies 2 and 3) memory tasks that included previously distracting and new words. Study 1 explored whether prior exposure to distraction would transfer to improve memory when previously distracting words were included in list to be studied for a recall task. Older adults recalled more previously distracting than new words whereas younger adults recalled the same amount of previously distracting and new words. This initial study was implicit in its use of previously distracting information in that participants were neither informed nor aware of their prior exposure to words in the recall task. Here, only older adults’ memory was influenced by prior exposure to distraction and their recall actually increased to the level of younger adults with implicit use of distraction to improve performance.
Preliminary study on the influence of moringa seed extracts supplementation on the yield and quality of cottage cheese

Variability of quality of product makes cottage cheese production unattractive to urban populations. Meanwhile demand for value-added dairy products is on the increase in the urban areas. This study investigated the effect of moringa seed extract (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) supplementation on the yield and quality of cottage cheese prepared from fresh cow milk coagulated with latex from Callotropis procera. Yield, milk coagulation time, pH, moisture content, percentage protein, percentage fat, phosphorous and ash content of cottage cheese were determined. The pH of cottage cheese increased with increase in moringa seed extract. The control sample gave a pH of 6.52, whiles 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% concentrations of moringa seed extract gave pH values of 6.54, 6.55, 6.56 and 6.62 respectively and their difference were significant (p<0.05). Yield of cottage cheese also increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in concentration of moringa seed extract. The 500mls of milk yielded 18.19% cheese in the case of the control whereas 0.5% moringa seed extract yielded 19.75%. Also, 1%, 1.5% and 2% concentrations of moringa seed extract gave outputs of 22.55%, 23.66% and 24.42% cheese respectively. Protein content of cheese increased from 14.50± 0.00% to 14.96 ± 0.00% when 0.5% moringa seed extract was added, to 16.01 ± 0.00% after the addition of 1% moringa seed extract, to 18.31 ± 0.00% when 1.5% moringa seed extract was added and to 18.50± 0.00 following an addition of 2.0% moringa seed extract. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). This study also revealed that phosphorous content, ash content and fat of cheese all increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in moringa seed extract concentration. Effect of moringa seed extract on moisture content was however not clear. Moringa seed extract enrichment resulted in significant increases in the yield, protein content and mineral content of cottage cheese and therefore has the potential to be used in improving the
A questionnaire-based study on knowledge and attitude towards counterfeit medication among the doctors in tertiary care hospital

Counterfeit medicines pose a considerable threat to health and economic aspects of a population. It is a global problem and suffered almost all developing and developed countries worldwide. Counterfeit drugs are mostly originating from evolving industrial economies, especially developing countries before entering the global market. In many cases, they have been positively dangerous and detrimental to public health in terms of human suffering and burden on the health services.
Intracerebral Injections of Morphiceptin into the Medial Preoptic Area Produce a Delay in the Initiation of Male Rat Sexual Behavior

Behavioral experiments examined the role of morphiceptin in male rat copulatory behavior. Male copulatory behavior was recorded subsequent to bilateral injections of either 10, 500, or 1000 ng of morphiceptin into the medial preoptic area (MPOA) in sexually vigorous male rats. In the first experiment, all three doses of morphiceptin injected bilaterally into the MPOA produced a dramatic delay in the initiation of copulation. Both mount and intromission latencies significantly increased following injections of all three doses of morphiceptin when compared to saline injected controls. No other tJ­ parameter was effected. In experiment 2, the inhibitory effects of morphiceptin on male copulatory behavior were abolished by pretreatment with naloxone 20 minutes prior to intracerebral morphiceptin injections. This study represents an attempt at a pharmacological characterization of the inhibitory effects of opioids on male rat sexual behavior. The results of experiment 1 indicate that mu receptors located within the MPOA mediate the initiation of male rat copulatory behavior. GENERAL INTRODUCTION • A richly interconnected, sexually dimorphic circuit which includes the medial amygdala (MA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BnST), and the medial preoptic area (MPOA) has been reported to be an important pathway for the expression of male sexual behavior in rodents (see (9) for review). In particular, lesions of the MPOA have been reported to severely impair copulation and even to eliminate sexual behavior completely in a wide range of species (1,4,12,29,35); while electrical stimulation of the MPOA enhances the expr~ssion of male copulatory behavior (17,19). The dramatic effects on male copulatory behavior following lesions or electrical stimulation of the MPOA as compared to other brain structures, imply that the MPOA plays a central role in regulating male sexual behavior in the laboratory rat (see (31) for review). Although the importance of this interconnected circuit for male rat sexual behavior has been clearly demonstrated, one of the fundamental questions that remains to be answered is the identity of the neurotransmitter(s) within the circuit that regulates male copulatory behavior. Recently, experimental interest has focused on the idea that neuropeptides within the sexually dimorphic circuit play an important role in the regulation of male sexual behavior (7,8,33,34), (see (9) for review). One class of neuropeptide which is found in this circLiit is the opioid peptide. Indeed, there is a wealth of information which s reveals that the administration of opioid agonists inhibit sexual behavior in mammals, non­ t1 human primates and humans (13,18,32), see (27) for review). One opioid of particular interest is beta-endorphin. Meyerson and Terenius
Dry deposition fluxes and deposition velocities of seven trace metal species at five sites in central Taiwan – a summary of surrogate surface measurements and a comparison with model estimations

Abstract. Daily air concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of seven metal species were monitored at five sites in central Taiwan for five or six days every month from September 2009 to August 2010. Annual average concentrations at the five sites were in the range of 2.8 to 3.6 ng m−3 for As, 25 to 82 ng m−3 for Mn, 1900 to 2800 ng m−3 for Fe, 69 to 109 ng m−3 for Zn, 18 to 33 ng m−3 for Cr, 60 to 110 ng m−3 for Cu, and 25 to 40 ng m−3 for Pb. Annual average dry deposition fluxes were on the order of 3, 20, 400, 50, 25, 50, and 50 μg m−2 day−1 for As, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb, respectively. Annual average dry deposition velocities (Vd) for the seven metal species ranged from 0.18 to 2.22 cm s−1 at these locations. Small seasonal and geographical variations, e.g. from a few percent to a factor of 2 for different species and/or at different locations, were found in the measured concentrations, fluxes, and Vds. The measured fluxes and air concentrations had moderate to good correlations for several of the species at several of the sites (e.g. Fe, Zn, and Mn at most of the sites), but had either weak or no correlations for the other species or at the other sites (e.g. As at Sites I and III, Zn and Cr at Site IV, and Cu at most of the sites). The latter cases were believed to have large uncertainties in the flux measurements using surrogate surfaces. Sensitivity tests were conducted for particle Vds using a size-segregated particle dry deposition model, assuming various combinations of three lognormal size distributions representing fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM2.5–10), and super-sized particles (PM10+), respectively. It was found that the measured dry deposition fluxes can be reproduced reasonably well using the size-segregated particle dry deposition model if the mass fractions of the metal species in PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM10+ were known. Significant correlations between the modeled and the measured daily fluxes were found for those cases that were believed to have small uncertainties in the flux measurements.
Evaluation of Different Nutrient Management Practices in Yield of Different Rice Cultivars in Lamjung District of Nepal

A field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field at two sites of Lamjung district of Nepal viz. Bhotewodar and Sundarbazaar to evaluate the performance of two commonly grown rice varieties viz US-382(hybrid) and Ramdhan (improved) under two nutrient management practices [Nutrient Expert®(NE) rice model recommendation, and government recommendation(GR)]. Four replicates of four treatments were arranged in randomized completely block design. Rice varieties responded differently under the different nutrient management practices in terms of plant height, grains per panicle, sterility%, panicle weight, grain yield at 15% moisture, straw yield and harvesting index. The highest grain yield was obtained from NE field of US-382 variety which was followed by GR for US-382, NE for Ramdhan and GR for Ramdhan variety. NE based practices for US-382 variety produced higher biological yield as compared to GR. NE estimated attainable rice yield provided by the software compared with actual rice yield from the trials in farmer’s field and NE-based fertilizer recommendations proved the validity in reaching the yield targets estimated by the software. The observed rice yields recorded in the trials were higher than the NE estimated attainable yields, so NE recommendation for US-382 variety was found better over GR. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 223-227
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2008 Processing Information Security Messages : An Elaboration Likelihood Perspective

The increasing number of security incidents is causing great concern to organizations. Information security awareness programs are an important approach towards educating users to prevent such incidents. However, it is unclear how to effectively design security programs and messages such that they can inform and change user behaviour. The role of individual factors in influencing the processing of security messages is also unclear. This paper attempts to investigate these problems by studying the effects of security message characteristics and recipient factors on users’ attitude towards security, using the information-processing theory of elaboration likelihood. Two models are developed for this study. The first model studies two message characteristics, argument quantity and quality, as determinants of attitude towards security. A 2x2 factorial design experiment will be conducted to investigate the influence of these characteristics on attitude moderated by the elaboration likelihood towards the security message. The second model tests the effect of four recipient factors on elaboration likelihood. The model development, experimental methodology, and data analysis details are described in this research-in-progress paper. The results are expected to inform the design of effective security messages and contribute to research in this area.