Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myoblast‐Derived Neuronal Cells Form Glutamatergic Neurons in the Mouse Cerebellum

Production of neurons from non‐neural cells has far‐reaching clinical significance. We previously found that myoblasts can be converted to a physiologically active neuronal phenotype by transferring a single recombinant transcription factor, REST‐VP16, which directly activates target genes of the transcriptional repressor, REST. However, the neuronal subtype of M‐RV cells and whether they can establish synaptic communication in the brain have remained unknown. M‐RV cells engineered to express green fluorescent protein (M‐RV‐GFP) had functional ion channels but did not establish synaptic communication in vitro. However, when transplanted into newborn mice cerebella, a site of extensive postnatal neurogenesis, these cells expressed endogenous cerebellar granule precursors and neuron proteins, such as transient axonal glycoprotein‐1, neurofilament, type‐III β‐tubulin, superior cervical ganglia‐clone 10, glutamate receptor‐2, and glutamate decarboxylase. Importantly, they exhibited action potentials and were capable of receiving glutamatergic synaptic input, similar to the native cerebellar granule neurons. These results suggest that M‐RV‐GFP cells differentiate into glutamatergic neurons, an important neuronal subtype, in the postnatal cerebellar milieu. Our findings suggest that although activation of REST‐target genes can reprogram myoblasts to assume a general neuronal phenotype, the subtype specificity may then be directed by the brain microenvironment. STEM CELLS 2010;28:1839–1847
Summary of hunting injuries in central Wisconsin: a 4-year experience at a rural referral center

Surveillance of hunting-associated injuries was performed over a 4-year period at a rural Emergency Department in central Wisconsin. Over that period of time, 125 individuals sought treatment for hunting-related injuries. The majority of injuries were related to autumn deer hunting and included both gun and bow and arrow hunting. Over half of the persons injured while hunting with a bow and arrow fell from a height. The admission rate for persons in the immediate area was 35.1%, but for those from outside the area, it was 64.8%. The effects of the referral bias result in severe injuries being seen in rural Emergency Departments during hunting seasons, necessitating such departments to be prepared for a wide range of injuries.
Midregional ProA-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Carboxy-Terminal Provasopressin May Predict Prognosis in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Background: Markers to better assess severity of disease in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) would help improve medical care of this condition. The hemodynamic biomarkers carboxy-terminal provasopressin (CT-proAVP; copeptin) and midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) are increased under septic conditions, in which MR-proANP has been described as a prognostic predictor. We aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of MR-proANP and CT-proAVP to predict mortality in patients with CAP. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with CAP. We measured biomarkers in serum samples obtained at diagnosis and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify potential predictors of mortality. Results: CT-proAVP and MR-proANP concentrations were measured in 173 patients. We found a positive correlation between pneumonia severity index (PSI) and MR-proANP (rs 0.68, P <0.0001) and between PSI and CT-proAVP (rs 0.44, P <0.0001). Median (interquartile range) CT-proAVP and MR-proANP values were 8.2 (5.3–16.8) and 73.6 (44.6–144.0) pmol/L, respectively. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher MR-proANP and CT-proAVP than survivors (median 259.0 vs 71.8 pmol/L, P 0.01, and 24.9 vs 8.1 pmol/L, P 0.03, respectively). In multivariate analysis including PSI, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharidebinding protein, CT-proAVP, and MR-proANP concentrations, only CT-proAVP remained an independent predictor of death (odds ratio 1.05, P 0.007). Cutoff values of >18.9 pmol/L for CT-proAVP and >227 pmol/L for MR-proANP showed the highest diagnostic accuracy to predict mortality. Conclusions: CT-proAVP and MR-proANP may be used to predict prognosis in patients with CAP. © 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
ANALYSIS OF DRUG INFORMATION QUERIES RECEIVED BY THE PHARMACY IN A LARGE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL

Drug information queries were analysed over a representative period of 10 weeks in a 1,300 bed psychiatric hospital. A total of 90 queries were answered; 30 of these related to psychiatric drugs but 60 were concerned with general medical conditions. Half the number of questions came from doctors who, in presenting a diagnosis, were asking for information on the most appropriate therapy available. Queries from nurses formed the bulk of the remainder.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung

Fifty‐six cases of surgically resected adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung were studied clinicopathologically, and their outcome was compared with that of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. The frequency rate of adenosquamous carcinoma was 2.6% of 2160 primary lung cancers resected in the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). The survival curves of patients with adenosquamous carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas indicated that the outcome of adenosquamous carcinoma was poorer than that of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, particularly in Stages I and II. The amount of adenocarcinoma component did not affect the survival rate, although the histologic features of metastatic lymph nodes was somewhat influenced by the histologic type of the primary tumors. The histologic subtype of adenosquamous carcinoma was one of the independent prognostic determinants.
Turbulent wake past a three-dimensional blunt body. Part 2. Experimental sensitivity analysis

Abstract The sensitivity of the flow around three-dimensional blunt geometry is investigated experimentally at Reynolds number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}9.2\times 10^4$ . Vertical and horizontal control cylinders are used to disturb the natural flow which is the superposition of two reflectional symmetry breaking states (see Part 1 of this study, Grandemange, Gohlke & Cadot, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 722, 2013b, pp. 51–84). When the perturbation breaks the symmetry of the set-up, it can select one of the two asymmetric topologies so that a mean side force is found. When the reflectional symmetry is preserved, some positions of horizontal and vertical control cylinders alter the natural bi-stability of the flow which may result in drag reduction. In addition, it is found that the horizontal perturbation affects the lift force especially when the top and bottom mixing layers are disturbed. The ability of the disturbances to suppress the bi-stable behaviour is discussed and, introducing a formalism of induced drag, a quantification of the impact on the drag of the cross-flow forces observed for the natural bi-stable wake is suggested. Finally, a general concept for a control strategy of separated flows past three-dimensional bluff bodies can be drawn up from these analyses.
Methadone-associated long QT syndrome: improving pharmacotherapy for dependence on illegal opioids and lessons learned for pharmacology

Methadone is used as the pharmacologic mainstay for substitution for illegal opiates and as analgesic for chronic or cancer-related pain. Given the benefits of methadone substitution for illicit opioids, the finding of an association between methadone and prolongation of cardiac depolarization (QT prolongation) and torsades de pointes is of great concern. QT prolongation can occur with many drugs and is a potentially lethal adverse drug reaction, necessitating risk monitoring and therapeutic alternatives in some patients. Recent studies suggest that QT prolongation with methadone is context dependent: occurrence is more frequent with high doses of methadone, concomitant administration of CYP3A4 inhibitors, hypokalemia, hepatic failure, administration of other QT prolonging drugs and pre-existing heart disease. The valued benefit of methadone substitution therapy on the one hand and the increased cardiovascular risk in particular situations on the other illustrate the difficulties in dealing with drug-induced QT prolongation in general.
The prototype of sex chromosomes found in Korean populations of Rana rugosa

The seventh largest chromosome in Japanese populations of the frog Rana rugosa morphologically evolved as a sex chromosome. The sex chromosome is XX/XY type in one geographic form and ZZ/ZW type in another. In contrast, the seventh chromosomes are still homomorphic between the sexes in the other two geographic forms: they are more subtelocentric in the Kanto form and subtelocentric in the western Japanese form. To identify a prototype of the sex chromosomes, we extended our investigation in this study to the Korean form, which is supposed to be close to the phylogenetic origin of this species. The karyotype, a sex-linked gene sequence, and mecha- nisms of sex determination and gonadal differentiation were all examined. In addition, phylogenetic analyses were performed based on mitochondrial gene sequences and the results of crossings between the Korean and Japanese forms. As a consequence, the more subtelocentric seventh chromosome, shared by the Korean and Japanese Kanto forms, was concluded to be the prototype of the sex chromosomes. Starting at the prototype, a whole process of morphological sex chromosome evolution was reconstructed.
Association of limited joint mobility and increased plantar hardness in diabetic foot ulceration in north Asian Indian: A preliminary study

The aim of this article is to investigate the association of limited joint mobility and foot sole hardness in north Asian Indian type 2 diabetic patients. Limited joint mobility and hardness of the foot sole were measured for 39 subjects attending the AIIMS Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinic. The total subject divided into three groups: 13 control subjects (non-diabetic), 13 diabetic patients without neuropathy and 13 diabetic neuropathy patients. Neuropathy status was assessed using 10 gm Semen’s Weinstein monofilament. Joint mobility parameters, such as ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion and metatarsophalangeal–I dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, are measured using a goniometer. Foot sole hardness was measured using a durometer or shore meter. We found that diabetic patients with a neuropathic foot had significantly reduced joint mobility and increased foot sole hardness, placing them at risk for subsequent ulceration. Metatarsophalangeal-I dorsiflexion/plantar flexion of both feet of diabetic patients had significant correlation (at p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 level) over age and body mass index. Also ankle plantar flexion/dorsiflexion and metatarsophalangeal-I dorsiflexion/plantar flexion has a significant correlations (at p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 level) with foot sole hardness in both feet of diabetic neuropathy subjects. Also linear regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes was significantly associated with the joint mobility parameters. In this study we conclude that joint mobility had reduced further if neuropathy and increased foot sole hardness coexisted owing to high plantar pressures. Hence, both limited joint mobility and increased foot sole hardness appears to be important determinants of foot sole ulceration in diabetic neuropathic subject.
Do roentgen-ray treatments as given by skin specialists produce cancers or other sequelae?

THIS REPORT deals with systematic follow-up and examination of the skin of persons who 5 to 23 years previously had received superficial low-voltage roentgen-ray treatments. The examinations were carried out by qualified specialists in dermatology in order to ascertain what, if any, harmful sequelae or other visible late effects had occurred. The term superficial low-voltage roentgen-ray treatment is here used to designate the quality and dosage almost universally employed by skin specialists in hospitals, clinics, and private offices in the United States. In most dermatoses, the customary practice is to administer to any one area no more than 85 r weekly or 42.5 r once to twice weekly, up to a maximum total dose of about 1,400 r. These figures are based on dosages measured in air. The usual quality of irradiation used ranges from 60 to 100 kv. , with half-value layers of about 0.5 to 1 mm.
Further studies on bivalent chiasma frequency in human males with normal karyotypes

Previously unpublished data on the chiasma frequency of individual bivalents identified by a triple staining technique are presented for four males. The total autosomal cell chiasma frequency and sex chromosome univalence frequency are also given for these males and for three others. All seven males had apparently normal 46, XY karyotypes and normal spermatogenesis. The extent of inter‐individual variation in cell and bivalent chiasma frequency and the gross relationship between chromosome length and chiasma frequency are discussed.
Autoregulation of the tyrR gene

Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 in which the transcription of lacZ is initiated from the tyrR promoter have been constructed by use of the Mu d (Apr lac) phage of Casadaban and Cohen (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4530-4533, 1979). These strains have been used to examine the regulation of expression from the tyrR promoter, with the synthesis of beta-galactosidase used as an index of expression. The specific activity of beta-galactosidase fell to 51% upon introduction of lambda (Tn10) tyrR+; to 39% upon introduction of F123, an F-prime carrying tyrR+; to 29% upon introduction of pMU309, a derivative of the plasmid RP4 carrying tyrR+; and to 13.6% upon introduction of pMU352, a derivative of the multicopy plasmid pBR322 carrying tyrR+. These results indicate that the tyrR gene product interacts with its own promoter-operator region, decreasing synthesis of beta galactosidase in the tyrR::Mu d (Apr lac) strains. The increasing extent of repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis with increasing tyrR+ gene dosage was accompanied by increasing repression of the synthesis of tyrosine- and phenylalanine-repressible 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate synthetases. The interaction of the repressor with tyrRo appears unusual in the sense that aporepressor alone is probably one of the repressing species. The levels of beta-galactosidase synthesized in the tyrR::Mu d (Apr lac) strains indicate that tyrR has a relatively efficient promoter, the maximum levels representing on the order of a relatively efficient promoter, the maximum levels representing on the order of 1,000 monomers of beta-galactosidase per cell in the tyrR strain and about 500 monomers in the tyrR+ haploid strain.
[The indication of surgical management in patients with pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex].

The surgical management of patients with nontuberculous Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was studied regarding the following cases: (1) We investigated whether there had been an appropriate time for surgical management of patients with MAC who had not responded to medication and who died after their conditions became worse retrospectively. During the past 10 years, 49 patients diagnosed with MAC died at the Toneyama national hospital. 26 patients of them died of respiratory failure, apparently due to the worsening of MAC. Excluding 2 patients who were extremely elderly, we investigated whether surgical management could have been applied in the remaining 24 patients. We found that surgical management would have been possible in only one patient, and that at the time of diagnosis of MAC in 23 patients, surgical management was already not possible. (2) There are patients with MAC who do not respond to medication and who continue to excrete bacilli, chest X-ray findings gradually become worse for several years. In 1989 we retrospectively studied chest X-ray findings from MAC patients and found that 36 out of 103 patients (35%) showed worsening chest X-ray findings. The strains were identified in 44 of the 103 patients by the DNA probes method. However, of 37 patients with M.avium (41%), 15 had worsening of chest X-ray findings, while none out of 7 patients with M. intracellulare had worsening of chest X-ray findings. We then observed the clinical course of 37 patients who showed continuous excretion of bacilli and whose serotypes had been identified (20 with serovars 4, 1 with serovars 6, 6 with serovars 8, 2 with serovars 12, 4 with serovars 14 and 5 with serovars 16) by using the fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS). Chest X-ray findings later worsened in 14 (70%) of 20 patients with serovars 4. Nine of these patients have since died; excluding one patient who had liver cancer, eight died of respiratory failure due to worsening of MAC. In 17 patients with serotypes except serovars 4, 4 (24%) patients had worsening of chest X-ray findings, but none of the 5 deaths in this group were due to respiratory failure owing to worsening of MAC. These results suggest that it is difficult to establish the indication of surgical management in MAC patients, except for patients with repeated hemoptysis at present. The prognosis and surgical management of pulmonary disease caused by M. avium complex should be considered.
Effect of absorbable gelatin sponge in the middle ear: in vitro and in vivo animal model

Abstract Conclusion: GelitaSpon gelatin sponge (GS) showed faster reabsorption than gelfoam (GF) in vitro, and GS-packed middle ears resulted in a faster hearing recovery and less inflammation than the ears packed with GF soaked in saline. Soaking GF sponges with boric acid (BA) appeared to offset the inflammatory response of saline-soaked GF, making this inflammatory response comparable to that of GS-packed ears. Objective: To describe the reabsorption and inflammatory effects of absorbable gelatin sponge in the middle ear. Methods: For in vitro evaluation, GF and GS were used as disks immersed in saline solution or 3% BA and placed in gel. Images were captured with a microscope and processed using image processing Toolbox. For in vivo tests, 16 female albino Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: bulla opening; GF + 0.9% saline; GF + BA; and GS + 0.9% saline. An anterior approach to the right bulla was used for surgery. Preoperative and postoperative auditory brainstem response thresholds were measured. Results: In vitro, there was marked degradation of GF by day 14, while GS showed complete degradation by the third day. In vivo, hearing recovery occurred by day 21. GF produced a more severe inflammatory response, which could be reduced by treating the GF with BA.
Vitamin D3 Upregulated Protein 1 Suppresses TNF-α–Induced NF-κB Activation in Hepatocarcinogenesis

Vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is a candidate tumor suppressor, the expression of which is dramatically reduced in various tumor tissues. In this study, we found that VDUP1 expression is suppressed during human hepatic carcinogenesis, and mice lacking VDUP1 are much more susceptible to diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis compared with wild type mice. VDUP1-deficient tumors proliferated significantly more than wild type tumors and had corresponding changes in the expression of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. In addition, the hepatomitogen-induced response was associated with a considerable increase in the release of TNF-α and subsequent enhancement of NF-κB activation in VDUP1-deficient mice. When cells were treated with TNF-α, the VDUP1 level was markedly reduced, concomitant with elevated NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the overexpression of VDUP1 resulted in the robust suppression of TNF-α–activated NF-κB activity via association with HDAC1 and HDAC3. These results indicate that VDUP1 negatively regulates hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation.
The relationship between the dental caries and the blood glucose level among type II non insulin dependent diabetic patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the general population that effects the oral cavity so the probability of detecting an increased of dental caries in diabetic patients is more controversial. The aims of this study to compare the dental caries among the diabetic and non diabetic patients and its relation with the blood glucose level, medical history and oral health behaviors among type II non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus patients. Materials and methods: The samples were composed of 180 subjects of diabetic patients and 180 subjects of non diabetes. Both gender and age range 40 -70 years for both groups. The data were gathered by questionnaire, clinical examination and laboratory investigations included frequency of oral hygiene practices, caries experience using the DMFT Index, blood glucose including the fasting blood glucose level, and random blood glucose level. Independent t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient, as well as Z-proportion tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results: It indicated that there was no significant difference in DMFT between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. In addition to blood glucose level was higher in diabetes than non diabetes with increased dental caries with the increase of blood glucose level either random or fasting blood glucose level. Conclusion: This study indicated that the presence of dental caries is not significantly elevated in most diabetics but the blood glucose level and the age effect on the dental caries as well as diabetic subjects should improve their oral hygiene practices.
Glutathione in induced sputum of healthy individuals and patients with asthma

BACKGROUND Glutathione is central to the antioxidant defences of the lung. The aim of this study was to determine whether sputum induction can be used for the measurement of glutathione in the respiratory tract. METHODS Saliva and induced sputum (3% NaCl, 20 minutes) samples were collected from 10 healthy individuals and 10 patients with stable asthma receiving treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Samples were chilled on ice and dispersed by dilution with ice cold phosphate buffered saline and pipetting. Cell-free supernatants were obtained by centrifugation of samples and filtration of supernatants and analysed for total glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and albumin content. The cells were treated with dithiothreitol and cell numbers, cell viability, and differential cell patterns were determined. RESULTS As judged by cell viability and percentage of non-squamous cells, adequate sputum samples were obtained from nine healthy and nine asthmatic subjects. The salivary total glutathione content was low (median concentration 1.2 μM (range 0.8–1.5) in healthy subjects and 0.9 μM (0.7–1.2) in asthmatic subjects). The sputum total glutathione content of both healthy and asthmatic subjects was within the same range (3.9 (1.0–12.3) μM and 6.4 (1.3–19.2) μM, respectively; p=0.35). Surprisingly, and in marked contrast to results obtained with bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum levels of glutathione disulfide represented more than 50% of the total glutathione in both groups (50.9% (range 24.6–83.1) and 72.3% (range 36.5–97.4), respectively; p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that sputum induction can be used to measure the glutathione content of bronchial secretions. Sputum glutathione levels of stable asthmatic patients did not differ significantly from healthy controls.