Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women ’ s care during home visits for the “ First Comprehensive Healthcare Week ”

c Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Faculdade de Enfermagem Nossa Senhora das Graças. Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate women’s care during home visits for the “First Comprehensive Care Week”. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a specialized service in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 190 women who had recently given birth enrolled at the Family Health Strategy answered the questionnaire between September and December 2013 to verify the association between home visits and the investigated variables. This association was verifi ed using the chi-square test with a confi dence level of 95%. Results: Most of the women were 29 years old or under (68.5%), with high gestational risk (59.5%), and primiparous (46.9%). On the fi rst week after hospital discharge, 42.1% received a home visit. An association was detected between local pre-natal care and a home visit on the fi rst week (p = 0.049). The participation of the nurses during the visits was associated with better performance for breast and abdomen examinations (p = 0.000) and investigations on emotional conditions (p = 0.029). Conclusions: These fi ndings stress the need to establish a routine home visit plan to solve the issues of women with high-risk pregnancies after labour.
Molecular diagnosis of echovirus 30 as the etiological agent in an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Panama: May-June 2008.

INTRODUCTION Aseptic meningitis outbreaks are commonly caused by viral pathogens with enterovirus a common etiological agent. Between May and June of 2008, an outbreak of 173 cases of aseptic meningitis occurred in the Chiriqui Province of Panama. Molecular techniques were used to identify the etiological agent. METHODOLOGY Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 75 patients were received at the Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies. RNA extraction and one-step RT-PCR were performed on each sample to determine the presence of enterovirus. Thirty-four samples which were positive for enterovirus were subject to group-specific PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to identify the etiological agent of the outbreak. RESULTS The CSF of 58 subjects was found positive for the enterovirus family using RT-PCR. Thirty-four samples were found to belong to the enterovirus B group. Phylogenetic analysis of four successfully sequenced samples revealed echovirus 30 as the etiological agent. CONCLUSION Echovirus 30 is reported as the likely cause of an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Panama, the first since the 1980s.
Impact of a New Palliative Care Program on Health System Finances: An Analysis of the Palliative Care Program Inpatient Unit and Consultations at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.

PURPOSE Palliative care inpatient units (PCUs) can improve symptoms, family perception of care, and lower per-diem costs compared with usual care. In March 2013, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) added a PCU to the palliative care (PC) program. We studied the financial impact of the PC program on JHMI from March 2013 to March 2014. METHODS This study considered three components of the PC program: PCU, PC consultations, and professional fees. Using 13 months of admissions data, the team calculated the per-day variable cost pre-PCU (ie, in another hospital unit) and after transfer to the PCU. These fees were multiplied by the number of patients transferred to the PCU and by the average length of stay in the PCU. Consultation savings were estimated using established methods. Professional fees assumed a collection rate of 50%. RESULTS The total positive financial impact of the PC program was $3,488,863.17. There were 153 transfers to the PCU, 60% with cancer, and an average length of stay of 5.11 days. The daily loss pretransfer to the PCU of $1,797.67 was reduced to $1,345.34 in the PCU (-25%). The PCU saved JHMI $353,645.17 in variable costs, or $452.33 per transfer. Cost savings for PC consultations in the hospital, 60% with cancer, were estimated at $2,765,218. $370,000 was collected in professional fees savings. CONCLUSION The PCU and PC program had a favorable impact on JHMI while providing expert patient-centered care. As JHMI moves to an accountable care organization model, value-based patient-centered care and increased intensive care unit availability are desirable.
The Photochemistry of Thymine in Frozen Aqueous Solution: Trimeric and Minor Dimeric Products

Early work identified three compounds, namely the c,s cyclobutane dimer, the so‐called (6‐4) photoproduct (5‐hydroxy‐6‐4′‐(5‐methylpyrimidin‐2′‐one)‐5,6‐dihydrothymine) and a trimer hydrate, as products formed upon UV irradiation of thymine in frozen aqueous solution. More recent work has shown that an (α‐4) product, namely α‐4′‐(5′‐methylpyrimidine‐2′‐one)‐thymine, is a likely product formed under these reaction conditions. During a thorough reinvestigation of the photochemistry of Thy in ice at −78.5°C, we found that a variety of other products could be detected. In addition to the c,s dimer, the other three known cyclobutane dimers, namely the c,a, t,s and t,a forms, are produced, although in considerably smaller amounts. The so‐called “spore product” of thymine (5,6‐dihydro‐5‐(α‐thyminyl)thymine) is likewise formed. Two other dimers have been identified as minor products; one of these has been determined to be 5‐(thymin‐3‐yl)‐5,6‐dihydrothymine and the other has been tentatively assigned to be a (5‐4) adduct (6‐hydroxy‐5‐4′‐(5‐methylpyrimidin‐2′‐one)‐5,6‐dihydrothymine). Compounds with the behavior expected of true trimeric compounds have been isolated via HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry and photochemical behavior. One of these materials, putatively containing an oxetane ring, decomposes thermally to a secondary trimeric product that is then converted into the known trimer hydrate.
Repair of hydrogen peroxide-induced single-strand breaks in Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid

Near-ultraviolet (300 to 400 nm) irradiation of L-tryptophan yielded H2O2 (a toxic photoproduct) that was selectively lethal for rec and polA1 Escherichia coli mutants. H2O2 treatment of cells resulted in the induction of single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid breaks. These breaks were repaired to only a small extent in polA1, recA recB, and recA mutants, but were efficiently repaired in wild-type strains. We conclude that H2O2 deoxyribonucleic acid lesions require both the polA+ and recA+ pathways for repair.
Skin Cancer Beliefs, Knowledge, and Prevention Practices: A Comparison of Farmers and Nonfarmers in a Midwestern Population

ABSTRACT Farmers have substantial sun exposure and increased skin cancer risk but poor sun protection practices. There are few studies regarding the underlying factors that contribute to inadequate skin cancer prevention practices in the farming population, and minimal data to guide skin cancer awareness and educational interventions for this population. The purpose of this study was to assess skin cancer knowledge, sun protection behaviors and barriers, health care information sources, and the impact of skin cancer screening among midwestern farmers and nonfarmers. Individuals attending a free skin cancer screening during 2011 Wisconsin Farm Technology Days were surveyed for self-reported sun protection use, extent of sun exposure, and skin cancer and sun protection beliefs and knowledge. A total of 476 individuals participated in the study, including 194 farmers. Although farmers identified sun protection benefits, few reported optimal practices, with only 23% of farmers reporting sunscreen use always or frequently when out in the sun for 15 minutes or more. Common barriers to sun protection included discomfort with wearing long pants and long shirts, forgetfulness with sunscreen use, and inconvenience with wearing wide-brimmed hats. Higher knowledge scores in farmers were associated with better sun protection. Farmers utilized different sources of health care information compared with nonfarmers, including farm magazines and newspapers, radio, and farm organizations. Providers should consider the unique characteristics of the farming population to provide skin cancer prevention education that is tailored to the needs of this population, such as reminders for sunscreen use and resources for sun-protective hats that do not interfere with work. Among individuals without prior history of skin cancer, 34% of farmers and 22% of nonfarmers (P = .0127) were referred for additional evaluation due to identification of a concerning lesion at the screening event. Thus, farmers may preferentially benefit from skin cancer screening events, and this population should be targeted for additional screening events in the future. This study identifies unique characteristics of the farming population that can assist providers in caring for this population and guide the future development of skin cancer awareness, prevention, and screening initiatives to benefit farmers.
Increased expression of the γ‐secretase components presenilin‐1 and nicastrin in activated astrocytes and microglia following traumatic brain injury

γ‐Secretase is an aspartyl protease composed of four proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin (Nct), APH1, and PEN2. These proteins assemble into a membrane complex that cleaves a variety of substrates within the transmembrane domain. The γ‐secretase cleavage products play an important role in various biological processes such as embryonic development and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major role of γ‐secretase in brain pathology has been linked to AD and to the production of the amyloid β‐peptide. However, little is known about the possible role of γ‐secretase following acute brain insult. Here we examined by immunostaining the expression patterns of two γ‐secretase components, PS1 and Nct, in three paradigms of brain insult in mice: closed head injury, intracerebroventricular injection of LPS, and brain stabbing. Our results show that in naïve and sham‐injured brains expression of PS1 and Nct is restricted mainly to neurons. However, following insult, the expression of both proteins is also observed in nonneuronal cells, consisting of activated astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, the proteins are coexpressed within the same astrocytes and microglia, implying that these cells exhibit an enhanced γ‐secretase activity following brain damage. In view of the important role played by astrocytes and microglia in brain disorders, our findings suggest that γ‐secretase may participate in brain damage and repair processes by regulating astrocyte and microglia activation and/or function. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High levels of circulating testosterone are not associated with increased prostate cancer risk: A pooled prospective study

Androgens stimulate prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, evidence from epidemiologic studies of an association between circulating levels of androgens and prostate cancer risk has been inconsistent. We investigated the association of serum levels of testosterone, the principal androgen in circulation, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) with risk in a case‐control study nested in cohorts in Finland, Norway and Sweden of 708 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer after blood collection and among 2,242 men who were not. In conditional logistic regression analyses, modest but significant decreases in risk were seen for increasing levels of total testosterone down to odds ratio for top vs. bottom quintile of 0.80 (95% CI = 0.59–1.06; ptrend = 0.05); for SHBG, the corresponding odds ratio was 0.76 (95% CI = 0.57–1.01; ptrend = 0.07). For free testosterone, calculated from total testosterone and SHBG, a bell‐shaped risk pattern was seen with a decrease in odds ratio for top vs. bottom quintile of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.60–1.14; ptrend = 0.44). No support was found for the hypothesis that high levels of circulating androgens within a physiologic range stimulate development and growth of prostate cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic Stone Protein: Quantification in Pancreatic Juice by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Comparison with Other Methods

To quantitate pancreatic stone protein (PSP), a competitive radio- immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies to PSP extracted from pancreatic stones and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monospecific polyclonal antibodies to the secretory forms of PSP (PSP S) were established. When PSP concentrations were measured in pancreatic juice by radioimmunoassay, no difference could be found between patients suffering from chronic calcifying pancreatitis and other diagnostic groups. Yet, with the ELISA technique involving polyclonal antibodies, decreased concentrations were found in chronic calcifying pancreatitis patients when compared to controls (p < 0.001), chronic alcoholics without pancreatic symptoms, or obstructive pancreatitis patients. These discrepancies are discussed. The monoclonal antibodies recognizing the C-terminal part of PSS S (PSP S1), results from the radioimmunoassay indicate that the concentration of that polypeptide is identical in the juice of controls and patients. Results from the ELISA obtained with polyclonal antibodies raised against PSP S2-5 molecules, i.e., recognizing the PSP S1 part and the N-terminal portion of the molecule, indicate that the differences observed reflect differences in the juice concentration of that N- terminal peptide.
Packing of cholesterol molecules in human low-density lipoprotein.

High-resolution, proton-decoupled 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (90.55 MHz) of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been employed to investigate the physical state of unesterified cholesterol molecules in this particle. Approximately half of the cholesterol molecules in LDL were replaced with [4-13C]cholesterol by exchange from Celite. About two-thirds of the cholesterol molecules contribute to a resonance at delta 41.8 from the C-4 atom. This signal is assigned to cholesterol molecules located at the surface of the LDL particle in a mixed monolayer with phospholipid molecules; the spin-lattice relaxation of the C-4 nucleus of such cholesterol molecules is enhanced by the presence of Mn2+ ions in the aqueous phase. The remaining one-third of the cholesterol molecules are apparently neither associated with phospholipid nor exposed to the aqueous phase; these cholesterol molecules are presumed to be located in the core of the particle. Cholesterol molecules in the two microenvironments are in slow exchange on the NMR time scale but in fast exchange on a biological time scale, so that the cholesterol molecules in LDL behave physiologically as one pool. There is a loss of about 20% of the intensity of the N(CH3)3 resonance from phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin molecules in the LDL spectrum; this is attributed to the presence of apolipoprotein B in the surface of LDL particles, which may immobilize some of the phospholipid polar groups. Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements suggest that the fast axial motions of cholesterol molecules in the surface of LDL are the same as in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychomotor and audiological assessment of infants born to mothers with subclinical thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy.

BACKGROUND To investigate the frequency and the effects of various degrees of maternal thyroid dysfunction in the first trimester of pregnancy, before the onset of fetal thyroid function, on psychomotor and audiological outcome of the offspring. METHODS In a cohort of 691 pregnant women, undergoing thyroid screening between the 8th and 10th gestational week, eight were found to have a subclinical form of hypothyroidism and one was frankly hypothyroid. Treatment with L-thyroxine was started soon after diagnosis was made. Their nine offspring had a psychomotor and audiological assessment at the age of nine months. Psychomotor development was evaluated with the Brunet-Lèzine test, while audiological function was assessed with auditory brainstem responses (ABR's). RESULTS Psychomotor developmental quotients were not different in patients and controls (99 +/- 6 vs 101 +/- 4). Regarding ABR pattern, there were no significant differences between patients and controls. Moreover, no correlation was found between maternal fT4 and psychomotor as well as audiological outcome in the offspring. CONCLUSIONS These findings are reassuring, since various degrees of maternal thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy seem to have no adverse effects on the psychomotor and audiological outcome of the offspring up to nine months of age. A longer follow-up however is needed before definitive statements can be made.
EDUCATION OF WOMEN FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The role of women in National development was the theme of the U.N. Development decade for women which ended with a global conference in Nairobi Kenya many years ago. Women who are in the majority in most countries were often relegated to the background regarded as inferior to men and are treated as second class citizens who are confined to the home alone in most developing countries. They are still largely confined by tradition while the men march along with progress. The participation of women in development is very important because development would proceed most rapidly only if all nations’ human resources, male and female are provided with the means to participate fully in the development process. Finally, how prepared are women through education for the various roles? What they are to perform in the development process? What are the impediments to women’s education? All would be discussed and recommendations would be made .
Site-specific path loss characteristics with directional antenna measurements at 28 GHz in urban street grid environments

The deployment of 5G mobile communications at millimeter-wave frequency bands is currently the subject of intense debate. To help in conducting feasibility, planning and interference analysis studies for the introduction of millimeter-wave frequencies, this paper investigates path loss characteristics with steerable directional antenna measurements at 28 GHz. In particular, we focus on propagation characteristics in urban street (e.g., Manhattan grid style) environments, where radio waves mainly propagate along the streets, while corners act as the source of NLOS obstructions. When TX and RX were in the same street, establishing an LOS link, near free-space path loss behaviors were observed. In NLOS situations, the measurement data were consistent with an ITU-R corner-turning model, with parameter adjustments.
Adaptation of ovine fetal pancreatic insulin secretion to chronic hypoglycaemia and euglycaemic correction

Fetal pancreatic adaptations to relative hypoglycaemia, a characteristic of intra‐uterine growth restriction, may limit pancreatic β‐cell capacity to produce and/or secrete insulin. The objective of this study was to measure β‐cell responsiveness in hypoglycaemic (H) fetal sheep and ascertain whether a 5 day euglycaemic recovery period would restore insulin secretion capacity. Glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured in euglycaemic (E) control fetuses, fetuses made hypoglycaemic for 14 days, and in a subset of 14‐day hypoglycaemic fetuses returned to euglycaemia for 5 days (R fetuses). Hypoglycaemia significantly decreased plasma insulin concentrations in H (0.13 ± 0.01 ng ml−1) and R fetuses (0.11 ± 0.01 ng ml−1); insulin concentrations returned to euglycaemic control values (0.30 ± 0.01 ng ml−1) in R fetuses (0.29 ± 0.04 ng ml−1) during their euglycaemic recovery period. Mean steady‐state plasma insulin concentration during the GSIS study was reduced in H fetuses (0.40 ± 0.07 vs. 0.92 ± 0.10 ng ml−1 in E), but increased (P < 0.05) in R fetuses (0.73 ± 0.10 ng ml−1) to concentrations not different from those in the E group. Nonlinear modelling of GSIS showed that response time was greater (P < 0.01) in both H (15.6 ± 2.8 min) and R (15.4 ± 1.5 min) than in E fetuses (6.3 ± 1.1 min). In addition, insulin secretion responsiveness to arginine was reduced by hypoglycaemia (0.98 ± 0.11 ng ml−1 in H vs. 1.82 ± 0.17 ng ml−1 in E, P < 0.05) and did not recover (1.21 ± 0.15 ng ml−1 in R, P < 0.05vs. E). Thus, a 5 day euglycaemic recovery period from chronic hypoglycaemia reestablished GSIS to normal levels, but there was a persistent reduction of β‐cell responsiveness to glucose and arginine. We conclude that programming of pancreatic insulin secretion responsiveness can occur in response to fetal glucose deprivation, indicating a possible mechanism for establishing, in fetal life, a predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
Market structure and productivity : theory and evidence from manufacturing

This thesis studies the link between market structure and productivity. The core of the analysis takes into account relevant features of manufacturing such as economies of scales, firm heterogeneity and asymmetric knowledge. We investigate how the change in both inward and outward aspects of market structure shapes firms incentives to obtain productivity gains. The first part of the thesis analyses the effect of trade policy on firm productivity. We use firm-level data of Chilean plants (chapter1) and propose a theoretical model of international trade (chapter2) to explain heterogeneous within-firm productivity evolutions. The second part addresses the link between market structure and innovation. Using industry-level data for a sample of OECD countries we test the effect of competition and regulation on innovation, conditional to proximity to the technological frontier (chapter3). Finaly, we provide a quality-ladders model to show how regulation can handle the rivalry among R&D competitors and play a central role boosting R&D intensity (chapter4). This argument is also tested at the industry level in our OECD sample.
Supplementation of a suboptimal protein dose with leucine or essential amino acids: effects on myofibrillar protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in men

• Essential amino acids (EAAs) stimulate increased rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS). • Leucine is a key regulator of MPS in rodents; however, its importance relative to the other EAAs is not clear. • About 20 g of protein maximally stimulates MPS after resistance exercise in young men, but we do not know if smaller doses can be made better by adding certain amino acids. • We report that a suboptimal dose of whey protein (6.25 g) supplemented with either leucine or a mixture of EAAs without leucine stimulates MPS similar to 25 g of whey protein under resting conditions; however, only 25 g of whey sustains exercise‐induced rates of MPS. • Adding leucine or a mixture of EAAs without leucine to a suboptimal dose of whey is as effective as 25 g whey at stimulating fed rates of MPS; however, 25 g of whey is better suited to increase resistance exercise‐induced muscle anabolism.
Pengaruh Variabel Sosial Demografi terhadap Keputusan Penduduk Lanjut Usia Memilih Bekerja di Kecamatan Kediri

The phenomenon of population aged 60 years and older who can be categorized as elderly people still working are found in Bali. Improving the quality of health has an impact on increasing life expectancy may indirectly increase the number of elderly people who are still working. This study aims to determine the impact of socio-demographic variables on the decision of elderly people choose to work. The data collection was conducted using interviews and questionnaires in the district of Kediri Tabanan. The sample data was obtained by proportionate random sampling with a sample of 191 respondents. This study uses a logit model analysis.The research result shows that the decisions of elderly people choose to work in the district of Kediri, Tabanan regency is affected by marital status, old age benefits, age, sex, and health conditions. Education, dependency and status in the family did not significantly impact the decisions of elderly people choose to work in the district of Kediri, Tabanan regency.