Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐term therapeutic and reporter gene expression in lentiviral vector treated cystic fibrosis mice

Persistent reporter gene and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) nasal airway gene expression can be achieved with a single lentiviral (LV) gene vector dosing when coupled with a preparatory lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) airway pre‐treatment. In the present study, we characterised the duration of gene expression in individual cystic fibrosis (CF) knockout mice (cftrtm1unc) over their lifetimes.
Mental Health Needs of Crime Victims : Epidemiology and Outcomes 1

This paper reviews epidemiological estimates of criminal victimization derived largely from nationally based studies in the United States. Origins of conflicting rates and prevalences are explained in terms of varying methodology. Risk factors for victimization, including age, race, gender, and disability, are also outlined, and derived from both national and geographically limited U.S.-based studies. Finally, mental health outcomes of violence are documented, with conclusions drawing on both national and regionally specific studies. These outcomes focus on posttraumatic stress disorder, but also include depression, substance abuse, and panic.
From compromise to concept? – a review of ‘other comprehensive income’

This paper reviews how ‘other comprehensive income’ (OCI) entered financial reporting by tracing major Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) projects that required direct entries to equity and describing recent efforts to make sense of the practice. It was the fixation on net income that brought about departures from all-inclusive income, which were repeatedly made over the years without decidedly devoting attention to developing a conceptual basis. OCI was used as a compromise to incorporate current values in the balance sheet, while retaining historical cost principles in the income statement. When the practice was labeled as OCI, it became institutionalized without a clear meaning. A sense-making of the practice then replaced the debates on the adequacy of using OCI and standard setters have realized that additional layers of theory became necessary to explain, for example, reclassification adjustments. Yet, the IASB has made clear in its recent Exposure Draft of a revised conceptual framework that it does not intend to pursue a fresh start in performance reporting that appears to be needed conceptually. Instead, practical considerations, primarily on International Financial Reporting Standards adoption in Japan, seem to lead to another ex-post rationalization of OCI, this time around a conceptually vacuous use of the relevance characteristic.
Robust, High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Everolimus, and Sirolimus in Whole Blood

The authors describe a fast, robust, and straightforward liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with the use of a single LC-MS/MS system for cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus in whole blood. The purpose of this method was to replace the immunoassay (IA) methods used in the laboratory of a hospital performing most organ transplantations (including heart, lung, liver, kidneys, bone marrow, and intestinal tract). Several LC-MS/MS methods have been described so far; however, most of them require complicated online extraction procedures. The described LC-MS/MS method uses a chromatographic gradient in combination with protein precipitation as sample preparation. The chromatographic method is capable of separating otherwise interfering peaks, with an analysis time of 2.6 minutes. Analyses were performed on a triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS system, with a C18 column held at 60°C. Sample preparation required only 1 precipitation/dilution step. Sirolimus and everolimus are prepared and measured separately from tacrolimus and cyclosporine. During method development, it was found that the use of zinc sulfate provides process efficiency results of about 100% for tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, but only 81% and 87% for sirolimus and everolimus, respectively. With the developed sample preparation without zinc sulfate for sirolimus and everolimus, process efficiencies were 99% and 108%, respectively. The methods have been fully validated, and in a comparative study, patient samples were analyzed with IA and our developed LC-MS/MS methods. In the comparative studies, correlations (R2 values) of more than 0.85 were found between the IA and the new LC-MS/MS patient blood levels. There was a systematic deviation in blood levels measured by LC-MS/MS compared with IAs for cyclosporine A (17% lower than with immunoassay) and everolimus (30% lower than with IA). There seemed to be little or no systematic deviation for sirolimus and tacrolimus. The controls determined by the LC-MS/MS method over the past 10 months showed coefficient of variations of no more than 8.0% for each of the 4 immunosuppressants. In conclusion, the authors found the developed methods to be cost saving, more flexible, and more sensitive and that these methods have larger linear ranges than the previously used IA methods. The methods are already used for more than 20,000 patient samples in the daily routine, analyzing approximately 70 patient samples per day.
The Association Between Childhood Seizures and Later Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Findings From a Nationally Representative Birth Cohort

Objectives Emotional/behavioral disorders are often comorbid with childhood epilepsy, but both may be predicted by social disadvantage and fetal risk indicators (FRIs). We used data from a British birth cohort, to assess the association of epilepsy, single unprovoked seizures, and febrile seizures with the later development of emotional/behavioral problems. Methods A total of 17,416 children in the 1958 British birth cohort were followed up until age 16 years. Logistic and modified Poisson regression models were used to determine a) the association of social disadvantage at birth and FRI with epilepsy, single unprovoked seizures, and febrile seizures at 7 years, and emotional/behavioral disorders in later childhood, and (ii) the association of childhood seizures by age 7 years with emotional/behavioral disorders in later childhood, after accounting for social disadvantage and FRI. Results Higher scores on FRI and social disadvantage were associated with emotional/behavioral problems at 7, 11, and 16 years, but not with seizure disorders at age 7 years. Epilepsy was associated with emotional/behavioral problems at 7 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–4.84), 11 years (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.04–3.81), and 16 years (OR = 5.47, 95% CI = 1.65–18.08), whereas single unprovoked seizures were associated with emotional/behavioral problems at 16 years (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.02–2.01), after adjustment for FRI and social disadvantage. Febrile convulsions were not associated with increased risk for emotional/behavioral problems. Conclusions Emotional/behavioral problems in children are related to an earlier diagnosis of epilepsy and single unprovoked seizures after accounting for social disadvantage and FRI, whereas febrile convulsions are not associated with emotional/behavioral problems.
Investors Behavior, Governance and Earnings Management: Under and over Reaction to Information

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between earnings management, governance and investors behavior , since this latter can inform about the nature of earnings management and can be considered as a governance mechanism to reduce accounts manipulations. On the basis of a sample of 700 American firms for the period of 1996-2006, our empirical results show that investors who take short positions, are able to interpret the information detected from the earnings management. The activity of these investors may be considered as an indicator of the quality of the governance structure and the presence and nature of earnings management. The under-reaction of investors to information leads to short-term sale of the shares of poorly governed firms and characterized by an opportunistic earnings management and to invest in firms well-governed and characterized by an informational earnings management therefore an abnormal profit can be realized.
Transparency, Interactivity, Diversity, and Information Provenance in Everyday Data Journalism

Abstract This article examines the features of day-to-day data journalism produced by The New York Times and The Washington Post in the first half of 2017. The content analysis evaluates story characteristics linked to the concepts of transparency, interactivity, diversity, and information provenance. It finds that the data journalism produced by those outlets comes from small teams, focuses on “hard news,” provides fairly uncomplex data visualizations with low levels of interactivity, relies primarily on institutional sources and offers little original data collection, and incorporates just two data sources on average in a generally opaque manner. This leads to the conclusion that “general data journalism” still has a long way to go before it can live up to the optimism and idealization that characterizes much of the data turn in journalism. Instead, contemporary day-to-day data journalism is perhaps better characterized as evolutionary rather than revolutionary, with its celebrated potential to serve as a leap forward for journalism and engender greater trust in it remaining untapped.
Intact Endothelium-Dependent Dilation and Conducted Responses in Resistance Vessels of Hypercholesterolemic Mice in vivo

Atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia impair endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilations in conducting arteries. In addition to NO, the endothelium releases an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in response to acetylcholine (ACh), which is particularly important in microvessels and initiates a dilation that conducts along the vessel through gap junctional communication. The expression of connexins is, however, altered by hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, we studied endothelium-dependent dilations and their conduction in murine hypercholesterolemic models. Dilations were assessed by intravital microscopy in arterioles with a diameter of ∼35 µm in ApoE and LDL receptor (LDLR–/–)-deficient mice after superfusion or locally confined application of ACh. ACh induced comparable concentration-dependent dilations in wild-type, LDLR–/–, and ApoE–/– mice fed a normal or high-cholesterol diet, however EC50 was slightly higher in ApoE–/– mice. Furthermore, the NO donor sodium-nitroprusside dilated arterioles to a similar extent (∼60%). Locally initiated ACh dilations (∼68%) conducted up to a distance of 1,100 µm without significant attenuation even under severe hypercholesterolemic conditions. Since ACh dilation in the arterioles of mice is mainly mediated via EDHF, we conclude that hypercholesterolemia does not alter EDHF release and efficacy. This conclusion is confirmed by an intact conducted response since EDHF is a prerequisite for this response. The intact conduction also suggests that gap-junctional communication is functionally preserved in these models.
Loneliness and Use of Six Mass Media among College Students

Research on loneliness and a theoretically plausible correlate of loneliness which has not been investigated is the relationship between loneliness and mass media consumption. 493 college students completed the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and reported the frequency of their using television, radio, movies, books, newspapers, and magazines. In general, virtually no relationship appeared between frequency of media use and level of loneliness.
Public Signals and the Equilibrium Allocation of Private Information

The purpose of this paper is to examine how accounting disclosures can affect the equilibrium allocation of private information. In addition to various kinds of publicly available information, such as accounting disclosures, an investor can also acquire private information for a cost. In such an environment, changes in accounting disclosure requirements may change investors' incentives to acquire private information, so part of the impact of a new accounting disclosure requirement may well be changes in the acquisition of private information. In an economy with informative prices, however, the allocation of private information must be determined as part of an overall equilibrium. As traders choose between signals from different information sources they rationally anticipate the information that will be freely available by observing the asset's price. But the informativensss of price depends on the allocation of private information. Thus an equilibrium model of the information environment must be used to assess the effect of different disclosure requirements. I consider an economy with two different sources of private information. Each trader may remain privately uninformed, or purchase a signal from only one information source, or purchase a signal from both infor-
Pregnancy and Postpartum Related Weight Counseling Practices of U.S. Obstetrician-Gynecologists: Results from the Doc Styles Survey, 2010.

OBJECTIVE To describe factors and provider characteristics associated with weight-related counseling practices among U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs). METHODS Data were from a 2010 cross-sectional survey of 250 OB/GYNs. The OB/GYNs were asked how often they used pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) to determine the appropriate range of gestational weight gain (GWG), counseled pregnant patients on appropriate rate of GWG, and counseled postpartum patients on weight loss or maintenance. They were also asked how often they counseled pregnant and postpartum patients on five weight-related behaviors [consumption of Fruits and Vegetables (FV), Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB), or high-fat or sugary foods, breastfeeding, and Physical Activity (PA)]. RESULTS Less than half of providers reported "always" using BMI to determine appropriate GWG (42%); however 65% reported "always" counseling about appropriate GWG rate. About one-third of providers reported counseling about postpartum weight loss or maintenance (38%). Providers reported counseling pregnant and postpartum patients on all weight-related behaviors only 58% and 27% of the time, respectively. Providers with normal BMI had a greater odds of counseling pregnant patients on FV consumption (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-7.0) and postpartum patients on FV (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) compared to overweight/obese providers. Providers who exercised regularly had a greater odds of counseling pregnant and postpartum patients on SSB (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.8, and aOR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4-4.9, respectively) compared to those providers not exercising regularly. Providers who used podcasts for continuing medical education(CME) had a greater odds of providing counseling on several behaviors, including postpartum patients on FV consumption (aOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.2). CONCLUSIONS Improvements can be made in weight-related counseling practices of OB/GYNs for both pregnant and postpartum patients. Strategies to improve counseling practices, such as podcasts for CME, could be investigated further.
Depth image super-resolution with local medians and bilateral filtering

In this paper, we propose an approach for depth image super-resolution (SR). Given a noisy low resolution (LR) depth image and its corresponding registered high resolution (HR) colour image, our approach improves the resolution of the LR image while suppressing noise. We use the segmentation of HR colour images as a cue for depth image super-resolution. Our method begins with a highly over-segmented color image (using well-known segmentation approaches such as mean shift (MS) or simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC), and an interpolated LR depth image. We then use a combination of the local medians in the depth image (corresponding to the colour segments) and bicubic interpolation, followed by bilateral filtering to compute the SR depth image. We performed experiments for higher magnification factors 4, 8 using the Middlebury depth image dataset and evaluate the SR performance using the PSNR and SSIM metrics. The experimental results show that proposed method (including some variants), while being relatively simplistic, shows an average improvement of 1.2dB and 1.7dB on noiseless and noisy data respectively, over the popular method of guided image filtering (GIF) for upsampling factor 8.
Do flexible repayment schedules improve the impact of microcredit

Microcredit institutions typically apply rigid and fixed repayment schedules when disbursing loans in order to reduce transaction costs, simplify procedures, and inculcate fiscal discipline for better repayment behavior. Microcredit clients, however, often have neither smooth income nor singular moments in which to make lumpy investments throughout the year. This mismatch generates a cash flow disconnect and, given the presumed liquidity constraints of the typical microcredit client, a potential welfare loss. Using data from a randomized evaluation with dairy farmers in rural India, we test the impact of flexible microcredit repayment schedules relative to "normal" inflexible, fixed repayment schedules. Although we are only able to track those who borrow, which introduces potential selection effects, we find amongst those in flexible lending groups some evidence for higher ability to absorb shocks and higher income, which seems to be driven by limited improvements in investment and higher production from milk. On the cost-side, defaults do increase for the lender. Towards the end of the study, the microcredit market encountered crisis, with mass defaults, thus it is hard to generalize with respect to the default results. We conclude with caution, that we have shown suggestive evidence that a more flexible product design, one tailored to the needs of a dairy farmer, may be welfare enhancing for the dairy farmer. Further work is needed to both validate these results, and explore how to balance any trade-off with default.
Bulgarian online forums as carnival. Popular political forms and new media

Abstract In this paper, Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union is taken as an occasion to examine the nature and dynamics of online political forums attached to news media. The model of the carnival is proposed with a view to emphasizing the loose, informal character of these forums and their fundamental connection with Bulgarian popular-political culture and tradition. Employing the model of the carnival in the analysis of the cultural and political role of these forums, it is argued, could cast light on their specific contribution to the deliberative system. Resume. Dans cet article, l'entree de la Bulgarie dans l'Union Europeenne est pris comme pretexte pour etudier la nature et la dynamique des forums politiques en ligne, accessibles sur les sites d'actualites Le modele du carnaval est pris en exemple pour illustrer le caractere relâche et informel de ces forums, ainsi que leur lien fondamental avec la culture et la tradition politico-populaire bulgare. Nous pensons que le modele du carnaval dans l'analyse du role politique et culturel de ces forums pourrait mettre en lumiere leur contribution specifique a un systeme deliberatif.
Genetic regulation of the glyoxylate shunt in Escherichia coli K-12

The expression of the glyoxylate shunt enzymes is required for growth of Escherichia coli on acetate or fatty acids as a sole carbon source. The genes for the two unique enzymes of the glyoxylate shunt, aceA and aceB, are located at 90 min on the E. coli K-12 genetic map. Polar mutations in the aceB gene eliminate aceA gene function, suggesting that these genes constitute an operon and the direction of transcription is from aceB to aceA. Mu d (Ap lac) fusions with the aceA gene have been constructed to study the regulation of the ace operon. Expression of the ace operon is under the transcriptional control of two genes: the iclR gene, which maps near the ace operon, and the fadR gene, which maps at 25 min, and is also involved in the regulation of the fatty acid degradation (fad) regulon. Merodiploid studies demonstrated that both the iclR and fadR genes regulate the glyoxylate shunt in a trans-dominant manner.
The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. 4. The sacrococcygeal region.

The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae at 8 postovulatory weeks (the end of the embryonic period proper) have been studied by means of graphic reconstructions. The cartilaginous sacrum is now a definitive unit composed of five separable vertebrae, each of which consists of a future centrum and bilateral neural processes. The base of each neural process consists of an anterolateral or alar element, not present in the lumbar region, and a posterolateral part, which includes costal and transverse elements. The usual illustrations, in which the costal component is placed in the alar element, are incorrect. The future dorsal foramina (containing dorsal rami) face laterally in the embryo and are in line with the thoracicolumbar intervertebral foramina. Considerable differential growth is required to change the dorsal openings from a lateral to a dorsal positions. The intervertebral foramina transmit ventral rami, but pelvic foramina are not yet present. The lumbosacral plexus is completed by S.N. 1-3; S.N. 4, 5 and Co.N. 1 form the pelvic plexus. The inferior hypogastric plexus and the hypogastric nerves are present. The sacrum takes part in the spina bifida occulta that characterises the entire length of the embryonic vertebral column. The coccygeal vertebrae, which are variable, were 4-6 in number in the present series. The first is the best developed. The ventriculus terminalis ends usually at the level of Co.V. 1 and the spinal cord generally at Co.V. 5. The coccygeal notochord ends commonly in bifurcation or trifurcation. 'Haemal arches' were not observed.
Systematic review on the prevalence, frequency and comparative value of adverse events data in social media.

AIM The aim of this review was to summarize the prevalence, frequency and comparative value of information on the adverse events of healthcare interventions from user comments and videos in social media. METHODS A systematic review of assessments of the prevalence or type of information on adverse events in social media was undertaken. Sixteen databases and two internet search engines were searched in addition to handsearching, reference checking and contacting experts. The results were sifted independently by two researchers. Data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by one researcher and checked by a second. The quality assessment tool was devised in-house and a narrative synthesis of the results followed. RESULTS From 3064 records, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies assessed over 174 social media sites with discussion forums (71%) being the most popular. The overall prevalence of adverse events reports in social media varied from 0.2% to 8% of posts. Twenty-nine studies compared the results from searching social media with using other data sources to identify adverse events. There was general agreement that a higher frequency of adverse events was found in social media and that this was particularly true for 'symptom' related and 'mild' adverse events. Those adverse events that were under-represented in social media were laboratory-based and serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Reports of adverse events are identifiable within social media. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the frequency and type of events reported, and the reliability or validity of the data has not been thoroughly evaluated.