Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Innovation and New Firm Growth

This paper seeks to untangle the relationship between new firm’s innovative activities and subsequent growth. We theorize about the inter-related roles of managerial growth willingness, inputs and outputs of innovative activities, and their subsequent link to sales growth. Investigating a longitudinal sample of 282 new Swedish firms reveals a complex set of mediating relationships that, when combined, help explain how innovation affects growth. First, we find growth willingness has an important relationship with innovative inputs such as R&D and market knowledge competence. Second, these inputs affect important innovative outputs such as new product development and the percentage of sales from new products. Third, these outputs directly affect growth – whereas the innovative inputs such as R&D do not have a direct impact. Taken together, our paper highlights the joint importance of managerial attitudes and strategic choices that help to shed new light on the effect of innovation on new firm growth. Implications for research and public policy are discussed.
Analysis of the Tropical Tropopause Layer Cirrus in CALIPSO and MLS Data - A Water Perspective

Analysis of the Tropical Tropopause Layer Cirrus in CALIPSO and MLS Data A Water Perspective. (May 2011) Tao Wang, B.S., Yunnan University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Andrew E. Dessler Two mechanisms appear to be primarily responsible for the formation of cirrus clouds in Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL): detrainment from deep convective anvils and in situ initiation. Here we propose to identify TTL cirrus clouds by analyzing water content measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Using ice water content (IWC) and water vapor (H2O) abundances we identify TTL cirrus clouds that contain too much ice to have been formed in situ — and therefore must be of convective origin. We use two methods to infer the maximum IWC available for cirrus formed in situ, serving as our threshold. Cirrus with IWC greater than this threshold are categorized as being of convective origin; cirrus with IWC below this threshold are ambiguous — they could either form in situ or still be of convective origin. Applying the thresholds from December 2008 to November 2009, we found three maxima in the occurrence of convective cirrus: equatorial Africa, western Pacific, and South America. Averaged over the entire tropics, we found that convective cirrus occur more frequently in boreal winter and less frequently in boreal summer, basically following a decreasing trend from DJF, MAM, SON, to JJA. At the tropopause (~375 K), at least 19.2% (4.6%) of TTL cirrus
Prevalence of Fibromyalgia Syndrome in Patients with Haemophilia A

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia syndrome (fms) is a chronic noninflammatory and non-autoimmune painful musculoskeletal disorder composed of core features that are always present (wide spread pain and characteristic tender points present on physical examination) (1,2) . These tender points count has been referred to as sedimentation rate for distress ( 3,4) . Although a precise cause remains unidentified, a disturbance in stage 4 sleep has been observed in patients with fms with knowledge that growth hormone secretion peaks during stage 4 sleep (5,6) . The exact cause of fibromyalgia is still not well understood but mechanisms which have been suggested include abnormal pain perception, sleep disturbance, abnormal circulating levels of central
Explaining East-West Differences in the Likelihood of Making Favorable Self-Evaluations: The Role of Evaluation Apprehension and Directness of Expression

The authors contend that although people in both Eastern and Western cultures are motivated to make favorable self-evaluations, the actual likelihood of expressing favorable self-evaluations in a concrete situation depends on (a) the dominant self-presentation norms in the culture, (b) how salient the norm is in the immediate situation, and (c) the availability of normatively permissible means to make favorable self-evaluations. The authors tested this proposal in three studies. Study 1 showed that given the strong influence of the modesty norm in Eastern cultures, Chinese are more comfortable making favorable self-evaluations when evaluation apprehension pressure in the immediate situation is reduced. Furthermore, Studies 2 and 3 showed that Asian Americans and Chinese are more comfortable making favorable self-evaluations when they can do it indirectly by denying possession of negative traits than when they have to do it directly by claiming possession of positive traits. In contrast, among European Americans, given the relative weak influence of the modesty norm in their culture, they are equally comfortable with making favorable self-evaluations in public and private situations through affirmation of positive self-aspects and repudiation of negative self-aspects.
An Essay about the Functional Time of Environmental Interfaces Regarded as Complex Biophysical Systems

In the classical physics time is a continuous function eternally and evenly flowing as an absolute time dimension. However, the concept of “time‟s cycle” is commonly applied as a metaphor in the biological sciences. First, we shortly elaborated the issue of time in physics and biology and then we considered the term of the functional time that is formed only as a result of consistent change of qualitatively new states of concrete, final material objects and processes. Further, we described a model for signaling in the process of energy exchange between environmental interfaces (EIs), specifically using three EIs that send signals during that process. Finally, we established the functional time barcode which is a representation of the system states through the chronological time.
On Distributivity and Pluractionality

In section 2 I present the basic data, and then demonstrate that pelpala7 does not mean the same thing as English each. Unlike each, pelpala7 does not universally quantify over individuals. In section 3 I present my analysis of pelpala7, according to which the sentence in ( 1 ) is true if and only if there is an event which is the sum of liftings of individual boxes by Laura. I then show that the analysis enables us to predict under which circumstances the presence of extra, non-distributive liftings will cause speakers to reject the sentence. In section 4, I show that pelpala7 shares some properties with pluractional markers (Lasersohn 1 995, and references therein). Just like temporal pluractional markers, pelpala7 requires there to be a set of subevents which are temporally separated from each other. However, unlike familiar pluractional markers , which operate on VP-denotations, pelpala7 takes both a nominal and a VP argument, and may appear inside DP, in the position occupied by ordinary quantifiers over individuals such as 'all ' or 'many' . In section 5 I point out that my analysis of pelpala7 bears some similarity to Zimmermann' s (2000a,b) analysis of English adjective/adverb pairs (occasional(ly), sporadic(ally)), whereby the 'adjective' versions really involve pluractional quantifiers (see also Stump 1 98 1 , Larson 1 998 , 1 999) . In section 6, I draw attention to the leamability issue raised by cross-linguistic variation in the semantics of distributive elements, and offer some speculations about possible approaches to the leamability question. In this paper I will be using an event semantics, for concreteness that of Kratzer ( 1994, in prep. ) . In this framework, there is neo-Davidsonian association of the external argument but not the internal arguments . VPs are of type <e,<s ,t» ; i . e . , they denote (Schonfinkeled) relations between individuals and events ( s i s the type of eventualities) . A simple example sentence is given in (2) . I will provide some further explanation of the framework when it becomes relevant below; see Kratzer' s work for details.
Multiuser detection with differentially encoded data for mismatched flat Rayleigh fading CDMA channels

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of several multiuser detectors for flat Rayleigh fading CDMA channels without perfect knowledge of fading channel coefficients. The fading channel is modeled as a second order Auto Regressive (AR) process and is estimated using a Kalman filter. Burst errors caused by phase reversal of channel estimates can be effectively resolved by using differential encoding. The Bit Error Rates (BERs) of these multiuser detectors with Kalman channel estimators are evaluated through analysis and simulations. The results show that the decorrelator is more robust than other more complex multiuser detectors.
How a new fire-suppression policy can abruptly reshape the fire-weather relationship

Understanding how the interactions between anthropogenic and biophysical factors control fire regimes is increasingly becoming a major concern in a context of climate, economic and social changes. On a short time scale, fire activity is mainly driven by the variations in weather conditions. But while the assessment of this fire-weather relationship is an essential step towards fire hazard estimations, reconstructions or projections, still little is known about the impact of human practices on this relationship. In this study, we examined the recent fire history in southern France where a new fire policy, introduced during the 1980s, suddenly brought new fire suppression and prevention practices. We aimed at assessing the impact of these changes on fire activity and on the relationships between fire and weather, usually assumed to be constant over time. To do so, we used a statistical framework based on spatially explicit daily fire occurrence data, the corresponding weather variables and the associated fuel moisture derived from a process-based model. Our results showed that the introduction of the new fire policy resulted in a sharp decrease in fire activity but also impacted the daily fire-weather relationship in two main ways. On the one hand, fewer wildfires ignited for similar weather conditions. On the other hand, the probability of a fire to spread over significant surfaces shifted from a fuel-dryness driven system to a system driven by the concomitance of fuel dryness and strong winds. These observations suggest that mid-term (decadal) social factors can affect the short-term (seasonal to daily) relationship between weather conditions and fire activity. Thus, the interactions between human and climate factors should be taken into account when reconstructing or projecting fire activity and including the impact of fire policies on the fire-weather relationships in fire models would be an important step towards more realistic fire regimes simulations.
Experiments To Validate The Nrcc Smoke Movement Model For Fire Risk-cost Assessment

The smoke movement model developed at the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) as part of its risk-cost assessment model is a simple computer model for calculating the probabilities of smoke hazard in multi-storey buildings. To validate this model, full-scale smoke movement experiments were conducted at the 10-storey experimental smoke tower at the National Fire Laboratory of the NRCC. The 10-storey tower was designed and built to study smoke movements in highrise buildings. Results of the experiments show good agreement between the data and the simple smoke movement model.
Inner products in integrable Richardson-Gaudin models

We present the inner products of eigenstates in integrable Richardson-Gaudin models from two different perspectives and derive two classes of Gaudin-like determinant expressions for such inner products. The requirement that one of the states is on-shell arises naturally by demanding that a state has a dual representation. By implicitly combining these different representations, inner products can be recast as domain wall boundary partition functions. The structure of all involved matrices in terms of Cauchy matrices is made explicit and used to show how one of the classes returns the Slavnov determinant formula. This framework provides a further connection between two different approaches for integrable models, one in which everything is expressed in terms of rapidities satisfying Bethe equations, and one in which everything is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of conserved charges, satisfying quadratic equations.
Emerging Country Strategies for Improving Food Security: Linkages and Trade- Offs for Water and Energy Security

Food, water, and energy sectors are connected in important ways, and each sector has the potential to either help or harm the other two. Food security, in particular, can be threatened by water and energy shortages. The availability of water for agriculture directly determines the availability of food. Higher energy prices increase the price of agricultural inputs, and reduce the availability of land and water for food production due to competition from expanded biofuel production. This dampens food demand as a result of higher food prices. Despite the strong food, water, and energy linkages, practitioners and policymakers continue to approach developing programs and policies in the “silos” of their respective ministries. To maximize food, energy, and water security, mechanisms must be created to raise policymakers’ awareness of these issues and promote greater collaboration among ministries as well as communities, civil society, and the private sector in policy design and implementation. Research, too, needs to address the linkages across these sectors, and provide the evidence for the strategies, investment, and policy action needed to consider all three sectors. If the food, water, and energy connections remain unaddressed, global food security will not be achieved, increasing poverty and environmental degradation.
EXISTENCE OF THREE SOLUTIONS FOR A MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH THE STURM-LIOUVILLE EQUATION

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to establish the existence of threesolutions for a Sturm-Liouville mixed boundary value problem. The ap-proach is based on multiple critical points theorems. 1. IntroductionThe aim of this paper is to establish, under a suitable set of assumptions, theexistence of at least three solutions for the following Sturm-Liouville problemwith mixed boundary conditions(RS λ )ˆ−(pu ′ ) ′ +qu = λf(t,u) in I =]a,b[u(a) = u ′ (b) = 0,where λ is a positive parameter and p, q, f are regular functions. To be precise,if f : [a,b] × R→ Ris a L 2 -Carath´eodory function and p,q ∈ L ∞ ([a,b]) suchthatp 0 := essinf t∈[a,b] p(t) > 0, q 0 := essinf t∈[a,b] q(t) ≥ 0,then we prove the existence of three weak solutions for problem (RS λ ) (seeTheorems 3.1 and 3.2). Clearly, when f : [a,b] × R → R is a continuousfunction, p ∈ C 1 ([a,b]) and q ∈ C 0 ([a,b]), the solutions of (RS λ ) are actuallyclassical (see for instance Corollaries 3.1 and 3.2). The problem (RS λ ) with p = q = 1 has been studied in [5] (see also [1])but it is worth noticing that our results assure a more precise conclusion. Infact, in [5] precise values of parameters λ were not established, and in [1] anasymptotic condition at inﬁnity was assumed (see Remark 4.2). In our main results a precise interval of real parameters λ for which theproblem (RS
Soil mites and collembolans on Surtsey, Iceland, 32 years after the eruption

This paper represents a field study of mites and collembola~is on the 32 year old eruptive island Surtsey, 30 km south of Iceland. The data were collected in July 1995. Five squares, each 3x3 m' were investigated, representing different successional co~ntnutlities 011 the island. Mites were the most numerous soil arthropods followed by collembolans. 80,000-240,000 mites and 68,000-97,000 collelnbolans per 111' were found ia and close to a gull (Lanix n~~e~z~alz~s) colony, dolni~~ated by the grasses Puccz~zellin ~etroJex~ the cornmon meaclo~v grass (Poa plnteluis) and the plant colnlnoll scurvy-grass (Corlzlewin offirz~zal~s). In a pioneer commuility domi~lated by the sea purlane (Honkenyo pe1)loides) and the sea lyine grass (L~I~~ZLS m-~na~zn) about 190,000 mites and 10,000 colle~~lbolalls per m' were collected. Oribatid mites (Oribatida) were unexpectedly I-epr-esentecl on Surtsey with 22 species, huo of the species inay have arrived Crom North America (Neal-ctic). All other species roui~d on Surtsey no st likely have spread from Iceland or Western Europe.
Comparison of Surrogate-Based Uncertainty Quantification Methods for Computationally Expensive Simulators

Polynomial chaos and Gaussian process emulation are methods for surrogate-based uncertainty quantification, and have been developed independently in their respective communities over the last 25 years. Despite tackling similar problems in the field, to our knowledge there has yet to be a critical comparison of the two approaches in the literature. We begin by providing a detailed description of polynomial chaos and Gaussian process approaches for building a surrogate model of a black-box function. The accuracy of each surrogate method is then tested and compared for two simulators used in industry: a land-surface model (adJULES) and a launch vehicle controller (VEGACONTROL). We analyse surrogates built on experimental designs of various size and type to investigate their performance in a range of modelling scenarios. Specifically, polynomial chaos and Gaussian process surrogates are built on Sobol sequence and tensor grid designs. Their accuracy is measured by their ability to estimate the mean, standard deviation, exceedance probabilities and probability density function of the simulator output, as well as a root mean square error metric, based on an independent validation design. We find that one method does not unanimously outperform the other, but advantages can be gained in some cases, such that the preferred method depends on the modelling goals of the practitioner. Our conclusions are likely to depend somewhat on the modelling choices for the surrogates as well as the design strategy. We hope that this work will spark future comparisons of the two methods in their more advanced formulations and for different sampling strategies.
Effects of geothermal effluents on macrobenthic communities in a pristine sub-arctic lake

Abstract We studied the effects of warm effluents from the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant on benthic invertebrate communities along a depth gradient of 4 m in lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland. Four study sites were selected: 2 heat-affected sites and 2 cold reference sites. Thermal pollution was detected down to 0.4 m at both heat-affected sites, which were 7–12 °C higher than at the same depth at the reference sites. Sustained temperatures ≥27 °C, which is 10–17 °C above ambient water temperatures, seems to be detrimental to the gastropod Radix peregra and several of the littoral chironomid species. Such effects were, however, confined to a small area inside a sheltered rift pool at one of the heat-affected sites. Moderate warming up to ~10 °C above ambient lake temperature in summer, seems to benefit R. peregra, potentially through both a higher survival rate and a shorter life cycle. At the heat-affected sites, sustained high temperatures transformed a relatively diverse chironomid community to a species-poor community, dominated by Paratanytarsus sp. and Cricotopus sylvestris. In contrast, the chironomid Eukiefferiella minor was much more prominent at one of the reference sites. To separate thermal from biological effects, more studies are needed on species-specific attributes, including time-series data on growth, survival, and reproduction of the main littoral zoobenthic species. Although our research examined short-term responses of aquatic invertebrates to local thermal stress, our results may also be relevant to long-term responses of freshwater ecosystems at high latitudes to climate change and warming.
Effects of Engaging Classroom Strategies and Teacher Support on Student Outcomes Over School Transitions

Recruitment of students into engineering undergraduate programs depends to a large degree on maintaining their achievement and interest in math and science over the school years prior to college. Previous research indicates that significant declines in perceived ability and interest in math and science occur during the transitions to middle school and high school. Self-perceptions and attitudes are often reported to be lower at these points for girls than boys. We present an empirical investigation of the effect of students’ perceptions of teacher support and classroom strategies on student interest and efficacy in math and science during middle school and high school transitions. Results suggest that students who perceived their teachers as practicing more effective instruction (more support for students, more engaging classroom strategies) were less likely to show declines in their interest and efficacy in math and science as they made these critical transitions.
Tunable reflection minima of nanostructured antireflective surfaces

Broadband antireflection schemes for silicon surfaces based on the moth-eye principle and comprising arrays of subwavelength-scale pillars are applicable to solar cells, photodetectors, and stealth technologies and can exhibit very low reflectances. We show that rigorous coupled wave analysis can be used to accurately model the intricate reflectance behavior of these surfaces and so can be used to explore the effects of variations in pillar height, period, and shape. Low reflectance regions are identified, the extent of which are determined by the shape of the pillars. The wavelengths over which these low reflectance regions operate can be shifted by altering the period of the array. Thus the subtle features of the reflectance spectrum of a moth-eye array can be tailored for optimum performance for the input spectrum of a specific application.
Analysis of heritability and genetic variability of agronomically important traits in Oryza sativa x O. rufipogon cross

Heritability is a measure of possible genetic advancement under selection. Estimation of variance components could imply partitioning of genetic variability over different sources of variation. This article describes statistical methods applied and some of the observations made on results of heritability and analysis of environmental variances of grain yield and related traits of progenies derived from a cross between wild and cultivated rice. The study shed light on the genetic information of grain yield and related traits such as their heritability, genetic and environmental effects in the F1 progenies of a cross between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. A considerable amount of additive genetic variation was found in these families. The traits with high heritability, considerable phenotypic correlation and low seasonal variability can be used in further improvement of the F1 progenies. The results obtained were highly promising and can be utilized to develop new rice cultivars.
Soil microflora as influenced by different intercropping systems and nitrogen management practices

The soil micro-organisms are catalyst for making soil as live, without microorganism so many processes like transformation of nutrients and decomposition of wastes is inhibited. Their activities are much influenced by management practices. Microbial populations were determined in this study, and results showed that Intercropping of baby corn with clusterbean (M1) recorded significantly higher number of bacterial CFU (13.46 X 107). Significantly higher number of fungal colonies (24.22 X 103) were observed in sole baby corn and significantly higher actinomycetes population (65.00 X 104) in baby corn + okra system (M2). Among nitrogen management practices application of 50% RDN through goat manure + 50% RDN through poultry manure (S3) recorded significantly higher microbial population.