Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An anatomy of inclusive growth in Europe

Read the Working Paper 'Some are more equal than others - new estimates of global and regional inequality'. Access the dataset 'Global and regional Gini coefficients'. Key findings Contrary to many perceptions, income inequality in the EU has fallen over the past two decades. In the EU as a whole, and in most EU members, absolute poverty is rare and income inequality is low. Strong welfare states have offered protection against inequality. However, income inequality has in some cases increased, measured on a country-by-country basis. Unemployment remains high in a number of member states, while the intergenerational divide between the young and the old has widened. Social mobility is weak, in particular in the more unequal economies of southern Europe, limiting opportunities for the children of poor and disadvantaged families. High inequality can fuel political disenchantment, and may have played a part in the Brexit vote. High inequality and poverty can boost protest votes in referenda and elections. Technological change and robotisation will not necessarily increase inequality. However, many routine physical and cognitive tasks will be automated, and workers will need creative and social skills. The link between education and income is weaker in Europe than the USA. In most EU countries, the "skills premium" associated with higher levels of education is falling. However, there is a strong link between family wealth and children's educational attainment - especially in more unequal countries. It is national governments, not the EU, who can plausibly act. Inclusive growth needs to be at the top of the policy agenda, but relevant powers in welfare and education are largely at national level. Financial support from the MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth is gratefully acknowledged.
The Relationship Between Sensory Hypersensitivity and Sleep Quality of Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the impact of sensory hypersensitivity in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to evaluate a possible relationship between sensory hypersensitivity, sleep quality and disease severity in AD. Fifty‐seven AD patients and 37 healthy children, aged 3–10 years, participated in this study. Disease severity was assessed using the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Score. The sensory profile was assessed using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). The AD group demonstrated significantly worse sleep quality compared with the controls in the following CSHQ subscales: sleep duration; parasomnias; sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness. Sensory hypersensitivity was correlated with lower sleeping quality. Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Scores was positively correlated with sleep anxiety and with parasomnias. Sensory hypersensitivity and disturbed sleep patterns were common in the children with AD that participated in this study. A possible common underlying mechanism of hyper‐arousability may account for both phenomena. Evaluation of AD children should also refer to their sensory processing abilities and sleep habits to create optimal intervention programs that will be better focused on the child and family needs.
Seromucous cells in human sublingual glands: examination by immunocytochemistry of lysozyme.

This study examined the occurrence and morphological features of serous-type cells in human sublingual gland, using immunocytochemistry for lysozyme. Lysozyme-positive cells usually formed demilunes and occasionally their own acini. They were also found among cells of an intercalated duct and in its immature acinus consisting of a small number of secretory cells. All these serous cells could be classified as seromucous cells because they simultaneously revealed reactivity for mucus, i.e., a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and a periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCHSP) reaction under the light- and electron-microscope, respectively. Immunogold labeling of lysozyme in the seromucous cells was distributed on variously sized secretory granules. These usually possessed a single electron-dense spherule in an electron-lucent matrix, while granules of a homogenous structure were also present. Lysozyme-positive cells filled with large, lucent secretory granules could hardly be morphologically distinguished from the lysozyme-negative mucous cells; they corresponded to "intermediate" cells designated under the light microscope. All "immature" secretory cells with only a few secretory granules were also lysozyme-positive seromucous cells. The present study demonstrated that the seromucous cells in the human sublingual glands conform closely with those in the human labial glands (MIYAZAKI et. al., 1998).
Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Performed by Pulmonary Critical Care Physicians for Right Ventricle Assessment in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism*

Objectives: Risk stratification for acute pulmonary embolism using imaging presence of right ventricular dysfunction is essential for triage; however, comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography has limited availability. We assessed the accuracy and timeliness of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Fellow’s performance of goal-directed echocardiograms and intensivists’ interpretations for evaluating right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism. Design: Prospective observational study and retrospective chart review. Setting: Four hundred fifty bed urban teaching hospital. Patients: Adult in/outpatients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism. Interventions: Pulmonary critical care fellows performed and documented their goal-directed echocardiogram as normal or abnormal for right ventricular size and function in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Gold standard transthoracic echocardiography was performed on schedule unless the goal-directed echocardiogram showed critical findings. Attending intensivists blinded to the clinical scenario reviewed these exams at a later date. Measurements and Main Results: Two hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients were evaluated for acute PE. Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Fellows performed 154 goal-directed echocardiograms, 110 with complete cardiology-reviewed transthoracic echocardiography within 48 hours for comparison. Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Fellow’s area under the curve for size and function was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75–0.90) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75–0.90), respectively. Intensivists’ 1/2 area under the curve for size and function was (1) 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82–0.94), (1) 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93) and (2) 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.95), (2) 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.95). Median time difference between goal-directed echocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiography was 21 hours 18 minutes. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate pulmonary critical care fellows’ and intensivists’ use of goal-directed echocardiography in diagnosing right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Fellows and intensivists made a timely and accurate assessment. Screening for right ventricular dysfunction using goal-directed echocardiography can and should be performed by pulmonary critical care physicians in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
Type 2 Diabetes Among People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective To clarify the prevalence and predictors of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and where possible compare this to healthy controls. Methods We searched major electronic databases until May 2015 for studies reporting T2DM prevalence in people with PTSD. Two independent authors extracted data and completed methodological quality appraisal. A random-effects meta-analysis was used. Results From 1171 candidate publications after exclusions, nine publications were included (n = 23,396; 28.6% male; mean age = 35–60 years). The overall prevalence of T2DM was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.1%–12.0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that war veterans experience higher prevalence of T2DM (16.3%; 95% CI = 5.2%–31.8%; n studies = 3, n = 473) compared with mixed samples (11.8%; 95% CI = 6.34–18.7, p < .001; n studies = 4, n = 2753). Increasing age (&bgr; = 0.0593, 95% CI = 0.010–0.109, z = 2.34, p = .019), median year of publication (&bgr; = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.14 to −0.03, z = −3.09, p = .002), and a lower percentage of white participants (&bgr; = −3.21, 95% CI = −5.12 to −1.29, z = −2.28, p = .001) predicted prevalence of T2DM. A relative risk meta-analysis comparing controls (n = 125,723) against those with PTSD (n = 23,203) demonstrated a significantly increased risk of T2DM (n studies = 5, relative risk = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.17–1.89, p = .001). Conclusions People with PTSD are at a high risk for developing T2DM. The current findings should, however, be interpreted with caution because most studies were based on self-report data.
Factor Investing Revisited

This paper takes another look at the recommendation of Blitz [2012] to allocate strategically to the value, momentum, and low-volatility factor premiums in the equity market. Five years of fresh data show that such a factor investing strategy continued to deliver out-of-sample. The potential added value of the two new factors in the Fama–French five-factor model, operating profitability and investment, is investigated and found to depend critically on the performance metric that is considered most important. The paper also reviews the role of small-cap stocks, factor timing, longonly versus long-short portfolio construction, international evidence, and factor investing beyond equities.
Response Evaluation of Malignant Liver Lesions After TACE/SIRT: Comparison of Manual and Semi-Automatic Measurement of Different Response Criteria in Multislice CT

Abstract Purpose To compare measurement precision and interobserver variability in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases in MSCT before and after transarterial local ablative therapies. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 72 patients with malignant liver lesions (42 metastases; 30 HCCs) before and after therapy (43 SIRT procedures; 29 TACE procedures). Established (LAD; SAD; WHO) and vitality-based parameters (mRECIST; mLAD; mSAD; EASL) were assessed manually and semi-automatically by two readers. The relative interobserver difference (RID) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Results The median RID for vitality-based parameters was lower from semi-automatic than from manual measurement of mLAD (manual 12.5 %; semi-automatic 3.4 %), mSAD (manual 12.7 %; semi-automatic 5.7 %) and EASL (manual 10.4 %; semi-automatic 1.8 %). The difference in established parameters was not statistically noticeable (p > 0.05). The ICCs of LAD (manual 0.984; semi-automatic 0.982), SAD (manual 0.975; semi-automatic 0.958) and WHO (manual 0.984; semi-automatic 0.978) are high, both in manual and semi-automatic measurements. The ICCs of manual measurements of mLAD (0.897), mSAD (0.844) and EASL (0.875) are lower. This decrease cannot be found in semi-automatic measurements of mLAD (0.997), mSAD (0.992) and EASL (0.998). Conclusion Vitality-based tumor measurements of HCC and metastases after transarterial local therapies should be performed semi-automatically due to greater measurement precision, thus increasing the reproducibility and in turn the reliability of therapeutic decisions. Key points Liver lesion measurements according to EASL and mRECIST are more precise when performed semi-automatically. The higher reproducibility may facilitate a more reliable classification of therapy response. Measurements according to RECIST and WHO offer equivalent precision semi-automatically and manually. Citation Format Höink AJ, Schülke C, Koch R et al. Response Evaluation of Malignant Liver Lesions After TACE/SIRT: Comparison of Manual and Semi-Automatic Measurement of Different Response Criteria in Multislice CT. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2017; 189: 1067 – 1075
Every Class in Every School: Final Report on the First National Climate Survey on Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia in Canadian Schools

"The study was funded by the Egale Canada Human Rights Trust, the University of Winnipeg Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Grant Competition, and Sexual and Gender Diversity: Vulnerability and Resilience (SVR), a research team funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Fonds de Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture (FRSC) du Province de Quebec. "
STRATEGI NAFKAH DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA PADA KELUARGA PETANI TADAH HUJAN

Creating several livelihood strategies by families is an effect of limitation faced by families. This study aimed to analyze livelihood strategies and their effects on the welfare of non-irrigated farm families in Playen District of Gunung Kidul Regency. Region that is used as a location of study was an area which was far from the capital of district and nearby area of the capital of district. The study involved 100 families interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression. Based on indicator of family welfare level from BKKBN, the study found that the prosperous family is as much as 57.0 percent and the rest is not prosperous. Overall, the study found that majority of farmer family has mix livelihood strategies. The results showed that the age of husband which is younger, the increase of spending cost per capita, and the increase of physical capital of a family directly affect the welfare of the family. On the other hand, the kind of coping strategies of farmer family and also the location of the family does not affect the family welfare. These results indicate the absence of the influence of coping strategies towards family welfare of non-irrigated farm family in this study.
Migration of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its reaction products in canned foods

Bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is used as an additive or starting agent in coatings for cans. The presence of hydrochloric acid in the organosol (PVC-based) lacquers results in formation of chlorohydroxy compounds of BADGE. These compounds, as well as BADGE itself, are potential migrants into the preserved food and are of toxicological concern. In the present investigation the presence of BADGE and the chlorohydroxy compounds (BADGE.HCl and BADGE.2HCl) in various kinds of canned foods from 30 brands have been determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. BADGE was found in levels up to 5.1mg/kg in the food and only in food from cans containing BADGE.HCl and BADGE.2HCl in the lacquers. BADGE was found both in fish in oil and in fish in tomato sauce, however, the highest amounts were found in the fatty foodstuffs. BADGE.HCl and BADGE.2HCl were found in concentrations up to 2.4mg/kg and 8.3mg/kg, respectively. Unlike BADGE, BADGE.2HCl was found in similar concentrations in fish in oil and in fish in tomato sauce. In aqueous and acidic foodstuffs BADGE readily hydrolyses into mono- and dihydrolysed products (BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O). In this study BADGE.H2O was not found in any food sample, whereas BADGE.2H2O was found in levels up to 2.6mg/kg. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) of the European Commission has proposed that a limit of restriction of 1mg/kg food shall include BADGE itself and BADGE.H2O, BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl and BADGE.HCL. H2O. The present results indicate that the migration of BADGE.HCl and BADGE.2HCl, compounds with almost no data on toxicity, implies a greater problem than BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O.
Dental therapists linked to improved dental outcomes for Alaska Native communities in the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta

OBJECTIVES Dental Health Aide Therapists (DHATs) have been part of the dental workforce in Alaska's Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta since 2006. They are trained to provide preventive and restorative care such as filling and extractions. In this study, we evaluated community-level dental outcomes associated with DHATs. METHODS This was a secondary data analysis of Alaska Medicaid and electronic health record data for individuals in Alaska's YK Delta (2006-2015). The independent variable was the number of DHAT treatment days in each community. Child outcomes were preventive care, extractions, and general anesthesia. Adult outcomes were preventive care and extractions. We estimated Spearman partial correlation coefficients to test our hypotheses that increased DHAT treatment days would be associated with larger proportions utilizing preventive care and smaller proportions receiving extractions at the community-level. RESULTS DHAT treatment days were positively associated with preventive care utilization and negatively associated with extractions for children and adults (P < 0.0001). DHAT treatment days were not associated with increased dental treatment under general anesthesia for children. CONCLUSIONS Dental therapists are associated with more preventive care and fewer extractions. State-level policies should consider dental therapists as part of a comprehensive solution to meet the dental care needs of individuals in underserved communities and help achieve health equity and social justice.
Mechanisms of excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases

Excitotoxicity refers to neuronal cell death caused by activation of excitatory amino acid receptors. A substantial body of evidence has implicated excitotoxicity as a mechanism of cell death in both acute and chronic neurologic diseases. A major recent advance has been the successful cloning and expression of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA), non‐NMDA, and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The cellular mechanisms responsible for cell death after activation of these receptors are still being clarified. In acute neurologic diseases such as stroke and head trauma, excitotoxicity may be related to excessive glutamate release. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases, however, a slow excitotoxic process is more likely to occur as a consequence of either a receptor abnormality or an impairment of energy metabolism. Recent therapeutic studies have demonstrated the efficacy of non‐NMDA receptor antagonists in experimental studies of global ischemia. — Beal, M. F. Mechanisms of excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases. FASEB J. 6: 3338‐3344; 1992.
The Proteome of the Mouse Photoreceptor Sensory Cilium Complex*S

Primary cilia play critical roles in many aspects of biology. Specialized versions of primary cilia are involved in many aspects of sensation. The single photoreceptor sensory cilium (PSC) or outer segment elaborated by each rod and cone photoreceptor cell of the retina is a classic example. Mutations in genes that encode cilia components are common causes of disease, including retinal degenerations. The protein components of mammalian primary and sensory cilia have not been defined previously. Here we report a detailed proteomics analysis of the mouse PSC complex. The PSC complex comprises the outer segment and its cytoskeleton, including the axoneme, basal body, and ciliary rootlet, which extends into the inner segment of photoreceptor cells. The PSC complex proteome contains 1968 proteins represented by three or more unique peptides, including ∼1500 proteins not detected in cilia from lower organisms. This includes 105 hypothetical proteins and 60 proteins encoded by genes that map within the critical intervals for 23 inherited cilia-related disorders, increasing their priority as candidate genes. The PSC complex proteome also contains many cilia proteins not identified previously in photoreceptors, including 13 proteins produced by genes that harbor mutations that cause cilia disease and seven intraflagellar transport proteins. Analyses of PSC complexes from rootletin knock-out mice, which lack ciliary rootlets, confirmed that 1185 of the identified PSC complex proteins are derived from the outer segment. The mass spectrometry data, benchmarked by 15 well characterized outer segment proteins, were used to quantify the copy number of each protein in a mouse rod outer segment. These results reveal mammalian cilia to be several times more complex than the cilia of unicellular organisms and open novel avenues for studies of how cilia are built and maintained and how these processes are disrupted in human disease.
Subjective cognitive decline: The first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease?

ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint. Objective: A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia. Methods: We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline. Results: Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.
Muslim travellers, tourism industry responses and the case of Japan

ABSTRACT Muslim travellers are increasing in volume and value, inciting the interest of the tourism industry worldwide. However, Islam calls for adherence to certain practices which impact tourist behaviour and create distinctive requirements. This paper is concerned with the phenomenon of Islamic tourism, encompassing the particular needs of Muslim tourists and industry responses. It reviews recent trends and underlying determinants, making specific reference to circumstances in Japan. The country has seen some success in attracting Muslim visitors, and its strengths and weaknesses as a destination for them are discussed alongside issues of tourist–resident relations. The market, overall, is shown to be growing and have good prospects, but realising potential is a challenge for service providers. Efforts must be made to understand the defining characteristics of Muslim tourists and take action to meet their expectations while also satisfying the demands of non-Muslims and avoiding possible conflicts with locals.