Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chondral lesion of capitellum humeri accompanying radial head fracture: a case report

In this case report we present a case of full thickness chondral lesion of anterior-distal surface of capitellum humeri, accompanying an intra-articular radial head fracture. Importance of this case is the resemblance of chondral injury to Lorenz-Kocher lesion of humerus and atypical displacement of chondral fragments. A 32-year-old male, admitted to emergency room after fall on his right upper extremity. X-ray and CT scan of elbow revealed a minimally displaced radial head fracture (Mason type 2), with a 4 mm step (depression) at joint surface. During the operation, at the anterior surface of the distal humerus, a full thickness chondral lesion was encountered. After removal of chondral fragments from the fractured radial head surface, it was seen that these fragments were of capitellar origin. Following radial head fixation, early active assistive motion was started. At the 6 month visit, the patient was pain-free with full participation in activities of daily living with a DASH score of 12,5. This injury is important due to demonstration of such an extensile injury in spite of benign looking radiology. Although radial head fractures were described, these type of occult injuries may be responsible from unexplainable and unfavorable outcome following low energy radial head fractures, treated conservatively.
Thrombolysis in Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Abstract Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common clinical condition with presentations that may vary from asymptomatic subsegmental emboli to massive vascular obstruction and shock with high risk of death. Identifying patients at highest risk for death is critical to select those who would benefit most from thrombolytic therapy. New and evolving clinical prediction models, serum tests, and imaging modalities are being used to improve our ability to identify potential thrombolytic candidates. We review the evolution of the present guidelines on the management of PE, specifically regarding the evolving role of thrombolytics; outcomes following thrombolytic therapy, including mortality, hemorrhage, hemodynamic improvement, and prevention of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; and our strategy for risk stratification of pulmonary embolism.
Negative plant-soil feedback and species coexistence

Different mechanisms, including equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes, have been taken into account as possible theoretical explanations of species coexistence. Despite the ample evidence on the existence of negative plant–soil feedback in both agriculture and natural vegetation, the role of these processes in the organization and dynamics of plant communities has so far been neglected. In this study, simulations by an individual-based competition model show how the intensity of negative feedback on individual plant performance can produce faster successional dynamics and allow species coexistence in two- and multi-species systems. The results show that even low levels of negative plant–soil feedback can enable species coexistence and often produce cyclic population dynamics. Moreover, the model highlights how negative feedback can generate positive reciprocal interspecific interactions at the population level, despite the fact that only competitive interactions is present between individual plants. In fact, competitive effects occur on a short-term scale, but positive reciprocal species interactions emerge only if negative feedback affects all species and if longer periods of simulation, more than the species life span, are considered. An important outcome of the model is the evidence that the effects at population level are timescale-dependent, thus showing the limitation of short-term species removal experiments used in traditional competition studies.
Perceptual Distortions in the Adaptation of English Consonant Clusters: Syllable Structure or Consonantal Contact Constraints?

We present the results from an experiment that tests the perception of English consonantal sequences by Korean speakers and we confirm that perceptual epenthesis in a second languge (L2) arises from syllable structure restrictions of the first language (L1), rather than linear co-occurence restrictions. Our study replicates and extends Dupoux, Kakehi, Hirose, Pallier, & Mehler's (1999) results that suggested that listeners perceive epenthetic vowels within consonantal sequences that violate the phonotactics of their L1. Korean employs at least two kinds of phonotactic restrictions: (i) syllable structure restrictions that prohibit the occurence of certain consonants in coda position (e.g., *[c.], *[g.]), while allowing others (e.g., [k.], [l.]), and (ii) consonantal contact restrictions that ban the co-occurrence of certain heterosyllabic consonants (e.g., *[k.m]; *[l.n]) due to various phonological processes that repair such sequences on the surface (i.e., /k.m/ → [ŋ.m]; /l.n / → [l.l]). The results suggest that Korean syllable structure restrictions, rather than consonantal contact restrictions, result in the perception of epenthetic vowels. Furthermore, the frequency of co-occurrence fails to explain the epenthesis effects in the percept of consonant clusters employed in the present study. We address questions regarding the interaction between speech perception and phonology and test the validity of Steriade's (2001 a,b) Perceptual-Mapping (P-Map) hypothesis for the Korean sonorant assimilation processes. Our results indicate that Steriade's hypothesis makes incorrect predictions about Korean phonology and that speech perception is not isomorphic to speech production.
Targeting cardiac potassium channels for state-of-the-art drug discovery

Introduction: Cardiac K+ channels play a critical role in maintaining the normal electrical activity of the heart by setting the cell resting membrane potential and by determining the shape and duration of the action potential. Drugs that block the rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components of the delayed rectifier K+ current have been widely used as class III antiarrhythmic agents. In addition, drugs that selectively target the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier current (IKur) and the acetylcholine-gated inward rectifier current (IKAch) have shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. In order to meet the future demand for new antiarrhythmic agents, novel approaches for cardiac K+ channel drug discovery will need to be developed. Further, K+ channel screening assays utilizing primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes will be essential for evaluating the cardiotoxicity of potential drug candidates. Areas covered: In this review, the author provides a brief background on the structure, function and pharmacology of cardiac voltage-gated and inward rectifier K+ channels. He then focuses on describing and evaluating current technologies, such as ion flux and membrane potential-sensitive dye assays, used for cardiac K+ channel drug discovery. Expert opinion: Cardiac K+ channels will continue to represent significant clinical targets for drug discovery. Although fluorescent high-throughput screening (HTS) assays and automated patch clamp systems will remain the workhorse technologies for identifying lead compounds, innovations in the areas of microfluidics, micropatterning and biosensor fabrication will allow further growth of technologies using primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Evaluation of dialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review.

PURPOSE Hemodialysis is the common kidney replacement therapy in Iran. Doing an adequate and effective dialysis can improve patients' quality of life and reduce kidney failure complications. Additionally, dialysis quality is an important factor in reducing mortality in patients with chronic kidney failure. This systematic review has investigated the adequacy of dialysis in studies done on hemodialysis patients of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS All articles related to the dialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients in English and Farsi (contemporary Persian) were identified by searching the related keywords in various electronic databases. According to the inclusion criteria 21 studies were identified. The results were analyzed using Stata software version 11. RESULTS A number of 6677 patients had been enrolled in 21 studies that were chosen for this systematic review. Based on the random effects model, the overall dialysis adequacy (KT/V) (K: clearance of urea, T: duration of dialysis, V: distribution of urea) more than 1.2 and confidence interval were 36.3% and 46.2-26.4, respectively. Also, based on random effects model more than 65% urea reduction ratio in all studies was 28.8% and the confidence interval was 43.3-14.4. CONCLUSION KT/V and urea reduction ratio were much less desirable in hemodialysis patients and the dialysis quality was also undesirable. It seems that inadequate dialysis prescription, use of inappropriate filters, low pump speed (blood flow speed), and the short duration and few times of dialysis are the major causes of this inadequacy.
Effects of added elastic tubes on open-chain knee extensor strength training

Attaching elastic tubes (ETs) to resistance training machines can affect the exercise load profile. The purpose of this study was to assess the training effects of added ETs, which were strategically attached to provide additional loads only during the deceleration phase of the knee extension exercise. Twenty-two healthy participants, assigned to either an experimental group (with ETs) or a control group (without ETs), participated in a 12-week strength-training program using a knee extension exercise machine. The acceleration effects were quantified and a method of attaching the ETs to the knee extension machine was developed. The effects of the added ETs were analysed by testing dynamic and isometric maximum contractions at four knee flexion angles (10°, 30°, 50°, and 80°). Analyses of covariance with the initial values as the covariate were used to examine the ET effects. A greater increase in isometric maximum strength was found in the experimental group than in the control group at knee flexion angles of 10° [effect size (ES) = 2.25] and 30° (ES = 1.18). No significant difference in the dynamic maximum strength was found between the groups. The use of ETs increased strength at smaller knee flexion angles with quadriceps that were relatively short.
Schizophrenia and sense of coherence.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate the dependence between the sense of coherence (SOC) and symptomatic improvement as it is the determinant of recovery process of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS The group of 134 patients was surveyed. 118 of them suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and 16 suffered from schizoaffective disorders, all were hospitalized in psychiatric clinics. Mean age was 36.22 years (SD = 8.51). Research was based on the Orientation to Life Questionnaire by A. Antonovsky. The level of psychopathological symptoms intensity was investigated twice, at the start and at the end of hospitalization with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The rate of recovery was the margin between psychopathological symptoms intensification at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization. RESULTS The analysis show that higher sense of comprehensibility (SOCCOM) favors lesser intensity of negative symptoms and overall psychiatric symptomatology in PANSS while starting the hospitalization. Also patients with higher level of sense of coherence (SOC) show less negative symptoms escalation during hospital admission. Results show that higher level of sense of coherence (SOC) and higher level of sense of comprehensibility (SOCCOM) coexist with lesser difference in the intensification of psychopathological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This article tries to show the role of sense of coherence in the recovery process among people with schizophrenic disorders. Coexistence of higher sense of coherence with greater negative symptoms and psychopathological symptoms can be perceived as an insight to the illness, which can be recognized as an expression of recovery.
Self-organizing sequential search and Hilbert's inequalities

In this paper we describe a general technique which can be used to solve an old problem in analyzing self-organizing sequential search. We prove that the average time required for the move-to-front heuristic is no more than π/2 times that of the optimal order and this bound is best possible. Hilbert's inequalities will be used to derive large classes of inequalities some of which can be applied to obtain tight worst-case bounds for several self-organizing heuristics.
Vaccine Failures in Patients Properly Vaccinated with 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Catalonia, a Region with Low Vaccination Coverage

Vaccine failures occurring with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 3 pediatric hospitals in Barcelona (2012–2013) are described. PCV13 vaccine failure was defined as the occurrence of an invasive pneumococcal infection in children properly vaccinated by PCV13. Among 84 patients with invasive pneumococcal infection, 32 had received at least one dose of PCV13. Seventeen of them had invasive pneumococcal infection produced by a PCV13 serotype. Among those, 9 patients were considered to have a PCV13 vaccine failure. Serotype 3 was isolated in 6 patients, serotype 19A in 2 and serotype 6B in 1.
Traction injuries of the brachial plexus in adults.

1. Sixty-three traction injuries of the brachial plexus in adults are reviewed. Most of the patients were seen at regular intervals for more than three years after injury. 2. The mechanism of injury is described. Forcible separation of the head and shoulder is the essential factor, but the type of lesion is determined by the position of the upper limb at the time of the accident. 3. In traction injuries the main damage is intraneural, and the lesions are of considerable extent. Extraneural scarring is a conspicuous feature of old injuries, but it does not cause any damage to uninjured parts of the plexus. 4. The prognosis of each type of lesion of the plexus is discussed. Satisfactory recovery occurs in most lesions of the upper three roots. Degenerative lesions of the whole plexus never recover completely. Cases with Horner9s syndrome always have severe residual paralysis. 5. Conservative treatment is advocated for traction injuries of the plexus and evidence is cited against early or late operations on the plexus. Reconstructive surgical procedures are sometimes indicated.
Explorer Uniform sampling through the Lovasz local lemma

We propose a new algorithmic framework, called “partial rejection sampling”, to draw samples exactly from a product distribution, conditioned on none of a number of bad events occurring. Our framework builds (perhaps surprising) new connections between the variable framework of the Lovász Local Lemma and some classical sampling algorithms such as the “cycle-popping” algorithm for rooted spanning trees by Wilson [32]. Among other applications, we discover new algorithms to sample satisfying assignments of k-CNF formulas with bounded variable occurrences.
A CASE-BASED ROADMAP FOR LATERAL TRANSSHIPMENT IN SUPPLY CHAIN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

Manufacturers and wholesalers are increasingly cost conscious in response to today’s hyper-competitive environment. Lateral transshipment (LT) has been proposed as a viable solution to drive total inventory costs down whilst increasing customer service level. Our study proposes five LT decision rules with a case-based roadmap to guide professional inventory management. Results of this large fast moving consumer goods case study company demonstrate superior inventory management performance with implementing a combined reactive and proactive LT strategy to determine whether to transship emergency stock from other warehouse or to backorder from suppliers, size of transshipment, favorite wholesaler, preferred supplier, and extra quantity for preventive LT, which are the key LT decision points among the professional supply chain management practitioners.
Kidney perfusion: some like it hot others prefer to keep it cool

Purpose of review Machine perfusion technologies provide an opportunity for improved preservation, organ assessment, and resuscitation of damaged kidneys. This review summarizes the recent advances in hypothermic and normothermic kidney machine perfusion technologies. Recent findings Modifications to the perfusion conditions with the addition of oxygen during hypothermic machine perfusion can support a low level of metabolism, which in experimental settings improves graft function. Normothermic machine perfusion technologies are evolving in different directions including short-duration resuscitation, more prolonged periods of perfusion, and the transition between hypothermic and normothermic conditions. Clinical trials are ongoing in both hypothermic and normothermic settings. Functional parameters can be used to assess kidney quality and although normothermic machine perfusion may hold an advantage over hypothermic machine perfusion, new metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic technologies may be applied in the future to both technologies to provide more rigorous information on kidney quality. Promoting recovery by introducing an intervention during perfusion is an attractive area of research and therapies targeting the endothelium are a particular area of interest. Summary A great deal of research is still needed to optimize and logistically place hypothermic and normothermic perfusion technologies. In the future, we may progress toward organ-tailored preservation whereby high-risk kidneys can undergo assessment and repair before transplantation.
Impact of an Integrated Health Education and Exercise Program in Middle-Aged Thai Adults With Osteoarthritis of the Knee

PURPOSE: To examine the impact of an integrated health education and exercise program on knee osteoarthritis knowledge, self-efficacy expectations, behaviors, and health outcomes including severity of knee symptoms, muscle strength, joint range of motion, and body mass index in middle-aged adults with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN/METHOD: Sixty-five participants were assigned to either Group 1 or Group 2. Both groups received a 1-day health education program followed by a facilities-based exercise program for Group 1 and a supervised home-based exercise program for Group 2, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Participants in each group had a significant improvement in study variables at 2-, 8- and 12-week follow-ups compared with baseline assessment. There were no significant differences in study variables between the 2 groups, except muscle strength and right knee flexion. IMPLICATION: Integrated health education with either a facilities-based or supervised home-based exercise program is beneficial for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Concomitant weekly cisplatin and altered fractionation radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer

Both concomitant chemotherapy and altered fractionation radiotherapy (RT) have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, both strategies also increase acute toxicity, and it is questionable whether the 2 can be safely combined. Traditional concomitant chemotherapy regimens include high‐dose cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The authors' purpose was to report efficacy and toxicity after weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m2/wk) concurrent with altered fractionation RT.
Host Habitat Preference of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract The braconid parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a candidate for augmentative biological control of tephritid fruit flies. In the Puna district of Hawaii Island, F. arisanus parasitized 41–72% of oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in wild common guava, Psidium guajava L. ; strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine; and tropical almond, Terminalia catappa L. In commercial papaya, Carica papaya L. , in the same region, parasitism was only 22% in tree-collected fruit and 3% in ground-collected fruit. The low level of parasitism in papaya suggests that wild parasitoids may not track the host flies well in commercial fruit and that augmentative parasitoid releases could potentially increase parasitism and thus suppress host fly populations in this habitat. The very low parasitism in ground-collected papaya suggests that F. arisanus may avoid foraging on ground fruit. Field cage experiments support this hypothesis. Numbers of females observed on tree fruit were two-fold higher than on ground fruit in small cages and 4–6-fold higher in large cages. In an experiment conducted in a papaya orchard, sentinel fruit was placed within the canopy, on the trunk, or on the ground. Parasitism was significantly higher in the canopy-placed fruit in only one of three trials. This variable response to ground fruit in the field suggests that augmentative parasitoid releases may have a significant, albeit reduced, effect on host populations under conditions of poor sanitation.
Power Relations and Social Mix in Metropolitan Neighbourhoods in North America and Europe: Moving Beyond Gentrification?

Research on spatial segregation has suggested that social mix may be a temporary phase in class displacement, where relations between different groups are at best divided or ‘tectonic’, for instance in England. Political and policy discourses, by contrast, tend to uncritically valorize social mix as a means to breaking up concentrations of poverty and providing neighbourhoods with a middle-class voice. In the literature, little attention has been paid to power dynamics in socially mixed neighbourhoods and the implications this may have for understanding theory and policy. The five articles that make up this symposium address the ways in which social and ethnic groups interact in major cities in Europe and North America and, as the title suggests, this involves taking into account power relations, domination and negotiation between the different groups. There is a need to connect the experience of the deployment of power within neighbourhoods (and between them) with the discussions of power mechanisms at work in wider urban processes.