Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivation and Learning Strategies of Students in Kyrgyzstan

To understand the attributes of successful students in Kyrgyzstan, a study was conducted using the Motivated Strategy and Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether the students in private and public universities demonstrate significant differences in their motivation that may also influence the strategies they use. The study attempted to respond to the inquiry of stakeholders in the higher education system, as there is no such comparison available at this time. Assuming that the students at different stages of their post-secondary level education may have different levels of motivation, comparisons were also made among first year, second year, third year and senior students. Out of the 81 items included in the MSLQ, 18 items seek response regarding motivation and learning strategy, with 6 motivation and 9 learning strategy scales. The survey was distributed to a random student population with 506 responses that include 257 first and second year students and 249 junior and senior students. The responses were analyzed using independent t-test. The results indicated private university students have higher levels of motivation than public universities. The female students had better learning strategies than the male students. Results of this study may be useful to the higher education institutions of Kyrgyzstan to improve their quality.
Effects of anoxia and sulfide on concentrations of total and methyl mercury in sediment and water in two Hg-polluted lakes

Between May and December 1996, monthly samples of surface sediment (0-1 cm), settling matter, and water were taken at a shallow site and a deep site in each of two consecutive Hg-polluted riverine lakes. In the upper lake, the sediment was polluted also with cellulose fiber. Both hypolimnia turned anoxic, but sulfide was detected only in the upper lake. When sulfide appeared, hypolimnetic methyl mercury (MeHg) increased and reached 47 pM (9.4 ng.L-1), whereas MeHg in the sediment below decreased. The increase in hypolimnetic inorganic Hg (IHg = total Hg - MeHg), which reached a peak of 40 pM (8.0 ng.L-1), was slower, possibly because mobilized IHg was methylated. In the lower lake, hypolimnetic MeHg and IHg increased less dramatically during summer stratification, reaching only 5 and 24 pM (1.0 and 4.8 ng.L-1), respectively. There was no detectable concomitant decrease in sediment MeHg. In both lakes, MeHg appeared to increase simultaneously with total Fe and Mn in the hypolimnion, as did IHg in the lower lake. Our observations suggest that the presence of hydrous ferric and manganese oxides decreased the mobility of Hg in both lakes but increased MeHg production in the upper lake. (Less)
The Ipsilesional Attention Bias in Right-Hemisphere Stroke Patients as Revealed by a Realistic Visual Search Task: Neuroanatomical Correlates and Functional Relevance

Objective: Right-hemisphere stroke may cause an ipsilesional attention bias and left hemispatial neglect. Computerized time-limited tasks are more sensitive than conventional paper–pencil tests in detecting these spatial attention deficits. However, their frequency in the acute stage of stroke, the neuroanatomical basis and functional relevance for patients’ everyday life are unclear. Method: A realistic visual search task is introduced, in which eye movements are recorded while the patient searches for paperclips among different everyday objects on a computer display. The “desk task” performance of 34 acute right-hemisphere stroke patients was compared to established paper–pencil tests for neglect and the Posner reaction time task, and finally correlated to structural brain lesions. Results: Most of the patients, even those without clinical neglect signs and with normal paper–pencil test performance, exhibited a clear ipsilesional attention bias in the desk task. This bias was highly correlated to the left-right asymmetry in the Posner task and to neglect-related functional impairment scores. Lesion-symptom mapping revealed task-specific differences: deficits in the desk task were associated with lesions of the superior temporal gyrus, contralesional unawareness in the Posner task with ventral frontal cortex lesions and paper–pencil cancellation bias with damage to the inferior parietal lobe. Neglect behavior was further associated with distinct frontoparietal white matter tract disconnections (inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate). Conclusions: Results from the novel desk task indicate a functional relevance of spatial attention deficits in right-hemisphere stroke patients, even if they are “subclinical. ” This should be considered especially in patients without obvious clinical neglect signs.
LYα SIGNATURES FROM DIRECT COLLAPSE BLACK HOLES

“Direct collapse black holes” (DCBHs) provide possible seeds for supermassive black holes that exist at . We study Lyα radiative transfer through simplified representations of the DCBH scenario. We find that gravitational heating of the collapsing cloud gives rise to a Lyα cooling luminosity of up to erg s−1. Photoionization by a central source boosts the Lyα luminosity to erg s−1, where denotes the mass of the black hole powering this source. We predict that the width and velocity offsets of the Lyα spectral line range from a few tens to few thousands km s−1, depending sensitively on the evolutionary state of the cloud. We apply our predictions to observations of CR7, a luminous Lyα emitter at , which may be associated with a DCBH. If CR7 is powered by a black hole, then its Lyα flux requires that , which exceeds the mass of DCBHs when they first form. The observed width of the Lyα spectrum favors the presence of only a low column density of hydrogen, . The shape of the Lyα spectrum indicates that this gas is outflowing. These requirements imply that if CR7 harbors a DCBH, then the physical conditions that enabled its formation have been mostly erased, which is in agreement with theoretical expectations. These constraints weaken if the observed Lyα emission represents the central peak of a more extended halo.
Intermittent lighting and dietary sodium bicarbonate supplementation for laying hens at high temperatures

Point-of-lay pullets were housed in 2 temperature-controlled rooms maintained at a constant 32 - C with either a conventional 16 h light : 8 h dark (16L : 8D) or an intermittent 3L : 1D lighting regimen. They were fed either a conventional layer diet (12¢ 0 MJ of ME and 199 g crude protein/kg) or this diet supplemented with 1% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Production and egg shell quality measurements were made at 8-week intervals from 22 to 62 weeks of age. All measures were in∞uenced by age. The 3L : 1D regimen signiflcantly increased feed intake (P < 0¢ 001), weight gain (P < 0¢ 01), egg weight (P < 0¢ 001), egg shell breaking strength (P < 0¢001), and shell thickness (P < 0¢01). Signiflcant age£light interactions were observed for feed intake, egg production, and egg mass. Hens in the 3L : 1D regimen ate signiflcantly (P < 0¢001) more food and produced signiflcantly (P < 0¢ 01) greater egg mass to 46 weeks of age. No signiflcant difierences were observed after 46 weeks. Although not signiflcant, NaHCO3 consistently improved shell breaking strength. The response was small in the 16L : 8D regimen (3%) compared with the 3L : 1D environment (7%), the latter being additional to the 14% improvement resulting from the use of the 3L : 1D regimen. The results indicate advantages from the use of intermittent lighting and dietary NaHCO3 supplementation at high temperatures.
5 Polymerase Chain Reaction for Phytoplasmas Detection

Phytoplasmas are prokaryotes lacking cell walls that are currently classified in the class Mollicutes (2). To the class Mollicutes (cell wall-less prokaryotes) belonging both pathogenic groups: mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) and mycoplasmas. However, in contrast to mycoplasmas, which cause an array of disorders in animals and humans, the phytopathogenic MLOs resisted all attempts to culture them in vitro in cell free media (89). Following the application of molecular technologies the enigmatic status of MLOs amongst the prokaryotes was resolved and led to the new trivial name of “phytoplasma”, and eventually to the designation of a new taxon named ‘Candidatus phytoplasma’ (73).
Age trends and within-site effects in wood density and radial growth in Quercus faginea mature trees

Aim of the study: This paper aims to valorize the wood of Quercus faginea Lam. for high quality end uses (e.g. furniture) by studying growth and quality properties using mature trees. Age trends in tree-ring width and wood density are shown and the main factors responsible for variations in tree-ring width and wood density within and between trees are investigated. Area of study : The study site is in the center of Portugal within the natural species distribution area. Material and methods: Radial samples from ten mature trees were collected at 6 heights (from base to 9.7 m) and prepared for X-ray microdensity. Main results : Wood density showed high values, ranging from 0.868 g/cm 3 to 0.957 g/cm 3 . Wood density decreased from pith to bark and with stem height. Cambial age showed a linear relationship with wood density and most of the variation in wood is explained by age. Intra-ring and axial within-tree homogeneity was good. Research highlights : Mature trees of Q. faginea showed high wood density and a high potential for high quality end uses, comparable to other oaks. Wood density is influenced by cambial age and tree-ring width. Wood quality may be improved by tree growth rates adjustment e.g. through an adequate tree stand density (e.g. thinning operations).
Shall We Serve the Dark Lords? A Meta-Analytic Review of Psychopathy and Leadership

Both scholars and the popular press have expressed concern regarding the potential prevalence of individuals with psychopathic tendencies in corporate leadership positions and the negative effects they may have on both individual workers and their organizations as a whole. However, research to date has been inconclusive as to whether such individuals are more likely to emerge as leaders or whether they are (in)effective leaders. To clarify the state of the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis on the association between psychopathic personality characteristics and leadership emergence, leadership effectiveness, and transformational leadership. Our results, based on data from 92 independent samples, showed a weak positive correlation for psychopathic tendencies and leadership emergence, a weak negative association for psychopathic tendencies and leadership effectiveness, and a moderate negative correlation for psychopathic tendencies and transformational leadership. Subgroup analyses on methodological factors did not indicate any differences from the main results. However, moderator analyses showed a gender difference in these associations such that psychopathic tendencies in men were weakly positively correlated with leadership emergence and effectiveness and negatively correlated with transformational leadership, while psychopathic tendencies in women were negatively associated with effectiveness and transformational leadership, and largely unassociated with emergence. In addition, small but consistent curvilinear associations were found for all leadership criteria. Overall, these results suggest that concern over psychopathic tendencies in organizational leaders may be overblown, but that gender can function to obscure real effects.
Assessing the Incidence and Wage Effects of Overeducation Among Italian Graduates Using a New Measure for Educational Requirements

This paper investigates three dimensions of overeducation: incidence, impact on earnings and possible determinants. The analysis focuses on Italian graduates and refers to the cohort that graduated in 2007 using data from the AlmaLaurea survey on graduates' career paths. A new measure of overeducation is introduced and it is jointly examined along with other pre-existing measures based on workers' self-assessment. The analysis is carried out by comparing the different results obtained adopting the two different measures of overeducation. Results show that the newly introduced measure can deal with the biases affecting workers' self-assessment measures.
AN ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE AND STABILITY OF STRESSED CONDUCTING FLUIDS : APPLICATION TO LMIS

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. AN ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE AND STABILITY OF STRESSED CONDUCTING FLUIDS : APPLICATION TO LMIS M. Chung, P. Cutler, T. Feuchtwang, E. Kazes, N. Miskovsky
Gene Expression Differences in Host Response to Schistosoma haematobium Infection

Schistosome worms infect over 200 million people worldwide. They live in the host’s bloodstream and alter host immunity. ABSTRACT Schistosome worms infect over 200 million people worldwide. They live in the host’s bloodstream and alter host immunity. Epidemiological data suggest that males and females have different responses to schistosome infection, but the effect of sex on systemic response is undetermined. Our objective was to characterize differences in peripheral blood transcriptional profiles in people with or without active Schistosoma haematobium infection and to determine whether this signature differs between males and females. mRNA was isolated using poly(A) selection and sequenced on an Illumina Hi-Seq4000 platform. Transcripts were aligned to the human hg19 reference genome and counted with the HTSeq package. Genes were compared for differential expression using DESeq2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify gene networks altered in the presence of S. haematobium. We enrolled 33 participants from villages in rural Tanzania where S. haematobium is endemic. After correction for multiple comparisons, we observed 383 differentially expressed genes between those with or without S. haematobium infection when sex was included as a covariate. Heat-mapping of the genes with >1.5-fold differences in gene expression revealed clustering by S. haematobium infection status. The top networks included development, cell death and survival, cell signaling, and immunologic disease pathways. We observed a distinct whole blood transcriptional profile, as well as differences in men and women, with S. haematobium infection. Additional studies are needed to determine the clinical effects of these divergent responses. Attention to sex-based differences should be included in studies of human schistosome infection.
High resolution spectroscopy of the BCD galaxy Haro 15:I. Internal kinematics

Using echelle spectroscopy, obtained at Las Campanas Observatory, we present a detailed study of the internal kinematics of the nebular material in multiple knots of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Haro 15. A detailed analysis of the complex emission line profiles show the presence of an underlying broad component in almost all knots, and the brightest star-forming region shows unmistakable signs for the presence of two distinct narrow kinematical components. We also study the information that our analysis provides regarding the motion of the individual knots in the Haro 15 galaxy potential, confirming that they follow galactic rotation. Finally, we examine the relation between their velocity dispersion and luminosity, finding that almost all knots follow the relation for virialised systems. This holds for the strong narrow components identified in complex fits and for single profile fits, although the latter show a flatter slope. In agreement with previous findings, in this paper we show that the existence of multiple kinematical components among massive starbursts cannot be overlooked, as it has a noticeable effect on any subsequent analysis that relies on basic parameters.
Effect and safety of alendronate on bone density in patients with chronic kidney disease; a controlled double blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction: With decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a number of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis are simultaneously caused. We evaluated the results of alendronate on bone density in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: The main aim of the study was evaluation of the changes in bone density, one year after treatment by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry technique. Patients and Methods: We evaluated two treatment regimens on bone density of 44 patients between 18-45 years old (22 in experimental and 22 in control group) in a controlled double blind randomized trial. The experimental group was prescribed alendronate (10 mg), calcitriol (0.25 μg) and calcium carbonate (1500 mg) daily. The control group was treated with the same regimen except for alendronate. Results: After completion of the trial, bone density decreased in all patients in the control group, but increased in the experimental group, in lumbar spine and femoral neck, 6.4% and 4.5% respectively. Alendronate was well tolerated. Conclusion: Alendronate is safe in these patients and increases the bone density in CKD stage 1 and 2. Keywords: Alendronate; Bone density; Chronic kidney disease
Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with morbidity and mortality in dogs. Plasma fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) concentration is an independent predictor of CKD progression and survival in cats and people with CKD. Objectives: To investigate the relationship among FGF‐23, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites, and other clinical variables with survival time in dogs with CKD. Animals: Twenty‐seven azotemic CKD dogs. Methods: Dogs were recruited prospectively into the study and followed until death or study conclusion. Dogs were International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staged into stage 2 (n = 9), stage 3 (n = 12), and stage 4 (n = 6) CKD. Survival times were calculated from the date of study inclusion. Univariable Cox regression was used to assess variables associated with survival including body condition score (BCS), muscle condition score, hematocrit, creatinine, CKD stage, serum phosphorus, urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC), calcium phosphorus product (CaPP), PTH, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and FGF‐23 concentrations. Results: Significant hazard ratios (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval; P value) were as follows: BCS < 4/9 (1.579; 1.003‐2.282; P = .05), muscle atrophy (2.334; 1.352‐4.030; P = .01), increased creatinine (1.383; 1.16‐1.64; .01), hyperphosphatemia (3.20; 1.357‐7.548; P = .005), increased UPC (3.191; 1.310‐7.773; P = .01), increased CaPP (4.092; 1.771‐9.454; P = .003), and increased FGF‐23 (2.609; 1.090‐6.240; P = .05). Survival times for each IRIS CKD stage were significantly different (P = .01). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Multiple variables, including FGF‐23, were associated with duration of survival in CKD dogs. FGF‐23 could be a prognostic marker in dogs with CKD.
Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism

Abstract In the complex of motivating variables that define the push and pull fac-tors behind recruitment and participation in civil conflict, "radicaliza-tion"—or "violent extremism"—is not conceived as a very strong motive, as is the case with studies on terrorism. As part of disarming youth com-batants, the linkages between reintegration outcomes and possible re-recruitment into radical and extremist violence must be better under-stood to mitigate such risks. In our analysis, the policies guiding reinte-gration of child soldiers and youth should be better attuned to the relationship between recruitment motivations and reintegration out-comes, and must be approached from a political lens rather than a purely technical one. The risk of radicalization and involvement in violent extremism is ultimately a structural challenge, which needs to address root causes of recruitment rather than trying to find a solution through a band-aid approach of stopgap reintegration assistance.
Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Styles: A Study of Doctors of Private Hospitals in and Around Chandigarh

Emotional Intelligence, or EI, describes an ability or capacity to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of one’s self, and of others. Goleman describes emotional intelligence as "managing feelings so that they are expressed appropriately and effectively, enabling people to work together smoothly toward their common goals. " According to Goleman, the four major skills that make up emotional intelligence are: Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness and Relationship Management. Stress is a fact of life and is inevitable in this competitive world. From individual point of view stress is our body’s physical, chemical and mental reaction to circumstances that frighten, confuse, endanger or irritate us. It can lead to physiological discomfort, some kind of emotional unhappiness , and even s trained relationship with others. EI has been linked with various stress coping strategies particularly rational/problem focused coping. The link between EI and stress is also established in the academic literature. Stress Coping strategies refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressful events. Proposed study is an attempt to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and stress coping styles among doctors of private hospitals in and around Chandigarh.
Challenging negative attitudes , low self-efficacy beliefs , and math-anxiety in pre-tertiary adult learners

This study examines the attitudes, self-efficacy beliefs, and math-anxiety of a diverse group of pretertiary adult learners. The aim is to identify changes in learners’ perceptions of mathematics, including their own capabilities, in the context of their participation in a 9-week mathematics foundations course. Analysis of pre/post testing by questionnaire revealed that at the outset participants shared the pervasive negative views attributed to the broader population in many previous studies, whereas these views had changed significantly by the conclusion of the topic, suggesting that adults’ perceptions of, and capacity to engage with, mathematical content are strongly influenced by early learning experiences and that negative perceptions may be successfully challenged.
The complexity of determining the sequential diagnosability number in the Malek's comparison model

The problem of determining the sequential diagnosability number of a system in the Malek's comparison model is an important one. In this paper, we show that the decision version of this problem is co-NP complete for general systems, and we present an O(|E| |V|/sup 3/2/ log /sub 2/(|V|)) algorithm for determining the sequential diagnosability number for a class of systems corresponding to bipartite graphs. <<ETX>>