Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Phonological Anomia in Aphasia: Some Suggestions for Users of Signed Language

Aphasiologists agree that with damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, both those who use vocal and those who use signed forms of communication are in jeopardy of developing aphasia, an impaired ability to produce and/or perceive language. Of the many symptoms that are associated with aphasia, anomia (a word retrieval impairment of language) is the most common, but while treatments for phonological anomia (a type of anomia caused by defective phonological processes) are available for users of spoken language, the same cannot be said for users of signed language. This paper aims to fill that gap in the literature by making some suggestions for the treatment of phonological anomia in signed language users. In spoken languages, phonological word finding deficits can be remediated by phonemic cueing tasks in which the initial phonemes of target words are provided as cues to phonologically prime targets and facilitate their retrieval. In this paper I argue that by simply substituting phonemes as cues for cheremes (the signed language equivalent of phonemes), we could adapt the phonemic cueing approach to treatment of phonological anomia in spoken languages to make it suitable for use with signed language users.
Temperature and Decisions: Evidence from 207,000 Court Cases

We analyze the impact of outdoor temperature on high-stakes decisions (immigration adjudications) made by professional decision-makers (US immigration judges). In our preferred specification, which includes spatial, temporal, and judge fixed effects, and controls for various potential confounders, a 10°F degree increase in case-day temperature reduces decisions favorable to the applicant by 6.55 percent. This is despite judgements being made indoors, “protected ” by climate control. Results are consistent with established links from temperature to mood and risk appetite and have important implications for evaluating the influence of climate on “cognitive output. ” (JEL K37, K41, Q54)
Madness and Civilisation

main theme a fascinating topic. In Renaissance Europe the insane were frequently at large. The Age of Enlightenment, coinciding with the increased growth of cities, seems to have led to their confinement? and to intensified ill-treatment. The account of these developments enables Dr. Foucault to imply that the role of the doctor as a magician and as the protagonist of society's attitudes to the insane will ultimately be abandoned. His book contains much interesting* and horrifying, historical detail, albeit presented with a certain rhetorical flourish. There is no index.
Natural Language Processing to Assess Documentation of Features of Critical Illness in Discharge Documents of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors.

RATIONALE Transitions to outpatient care are crucial after critical illness, but the documentation practices in discharge documents after critical illness are unknown. OBJECTIVES To characterize the rates of documentation of various features of critical illness in discharge documents of patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during their hospital stay. METHODS We used natural language processing tools to build a keyword-based classifier that categorizes discharge documents by presence of terms from four groups of keywords related to critical illness. We used a multivariable modified Poisson regression model to infer patient- and hospital-level characteristics associated with documentation of relevant keywords. A manual chart review was used to validate the accuracy of the keyword-based classifier, and to assess for ARDS documentation during the hospital stay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 815 discharge documents, ARDS was identified in only 111 (13%). Mechanical ventilation was identified in 770 (92%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in 693 (83%) of discharge documents. Symptoms or recommendations related to post-intensive care syndrome were included in 306 (38%) of discharge documents. Patient age (older; relative risk [RR] = 0.97/yr, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96-0.98) and higher PaO2:FiO2 (decreasing illness severity; RR = 0.96/10-unit increment, 95% CI = 0.93-0.98) were associated with decreased documentation of ARDS. Being discharged from a surgical (RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22-0.50) compared with a medicine service was also associated with decreased rates of ARDS documentation. The manual chart review revealed 98% concordance between ARDS documentation in the discharge summary and during the hospital stay. Accuracy of the document classifier was 100% for ARDS and mechanical ventilation, 98% for ICU admission, and 95% for symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome. CONCLUSIONS In the discharge documents of survivors of ARDS, ARDS itself is rarely mentioned, but mechanical ventilation and ICU stay frequently are. The low rates of documentation of ARDS appear to be concordant with low rates of documentation during the hospital stay, consistent with known underrecognition in the ICU. Natural language processing tools can be used to effectively analyze large numbers of discharge documents of patients with critical illness.
Thyroid Nodules with Atypia or Follicular Lesions of Undetermined Significance (AUS/FLUS): Analysis of Variables Associated with Outcome

Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is one of the main classification systems for thyroid nodules. It expects that 7% of all fine needle aspiration biopsies will be reported as atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance, and 5-15% of these undetermined nodules are malignant. Our study is a retrospective analysis of variables that may be associated with outcome in patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent thyroidectomy in our institution between 2010 and 2014 were retrieved from the institutional records database. Patient demographics and medical histories were recorded. All ultrasonography reports were examined for nodule features and biochemical blood levels, hormone levels and complete blood counts were recorded. Results: A total of 103 patient cytopathology reports were regarded as belonging to the undetermined category. Some 35% of patients had malignant nodules. Median preoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) level was 13.6 inthe benign group, while it was 14.3 in patients with malignancy, demonstrating a significant correlation (p=0.003). Only calcification presence was significantly different between benign and malignant groups on ultrasonography (p=0.034). Conclusions: Ultrasonography is one of the primary tools for this matter. RDW levels may become another promising tool to predict malignancy.
Distribution of Helicobacter pylori organisms in the stomachs of children with H. pylori infection.

Histology has been recognized as the gold standard for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children. For ethical reasons, the number of mucosal biopsies obtained during endoscopic procedures is limited in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal location where Hp organisms are colonized. Children who were scheduled for upper endoscopic procedures were prospectively recruited for the study. At least 2 mucosal biopsy samples were obtained from the following anatomic locations: greater curvature (mid-fundus [B3], mid-body [B1], and mid-antrum [A1] and lesser curvature mid-body [B2], incisura angularis [A3], and mid-antrum [A2]). In addition, a biopsy sample for a rapid urease test was obtained. The biopsy samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa for the detection of inflammation and Hp colonization. The degree of mucosal inflammation and Hp colonization was assessed. The study group comprised 206 children, of whom 16 (8%) were positive for Hp infection. Hp colonization was significantly greater in the antral locations (A1, A2, and A3) than the body locations (B1, B2, and B3) (P <.001). The degree of mucosal inflammation correlated with the presence of Hp organisms, Hp density, and antral location. The mid-antrum location (A2) was superior for the detection of Hp organisms. The antrum, especially mid-antrum, at the lesser curvature is the best location in which to detect Hp organisms in children who have not recently used antibiotics or proton pump inhibitor medications.
A survey on the use of topical steroids in patients treated for lichen sclerosus-associated vulval squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Evidence suggests that lichen sclerosus (LS) is the primary aetiological factor for local vulval recurrence (LVR) in vulval squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). The long-term application of topical corticosteroids is believed to prevent LVR. Patients treated for LS-associated VSCC at a gynaecological cancer centre were invited to complete a questionnaire to evaluate whether they are receiving corticosteroids. 55 of the 95 eligible patients (58%) completed the questionnaire; LS was treated in 69%, with steroids given to 84.2%. Most received steroids >3 months, but discontinued treatment once asymptomatic. An online survey was distributed to 313 British Gynaecological Cancer Society members to determine whether gynaecological oncologists prescribe corticosteroids for LS following VSCC surgery. 41 consultants (13.1%) completed the survey; 70.7% prescribe topical corticosteroids (potent/very potent in 79.3%), and 58.6% treat >1 year. Our findings demonstrate that patients are more likely to be given topical corticosteroids if symptomatic of LS. Furthermore, although treatment regimens vary, the majority of respondents advocate the use of very potent steroids and would support a tertiary chemopreventative trial. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: Local vulval recurrence (LVR) affects approximately one in four women who have received surgery for vulval squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). What the results of this study add: Lichen sclerosus (LS), an inflammatory dermatosis, is recognised as the likely primary aetiological factor for LVR. Although there is evidence to suggest that long-term topical corticosteroid use in patients with residual LS may prevent LVR, the extent to which women were given topical steroids following surgery remains unclear. Our patient questionnaire evaluates if these patients are already receiving topical steroids, along with the strength of such steroids and duration of treatment. The consultant survey determines whether clinicians currently prescribe topical steroids following VSCC surgery, as well as the strength and duration of steroid therapy. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: We aim to establish whether the gynaecological oncology community believe that long-term steroids may prevent LVR in women with LS-associated VSCC and whether they would support and recruit to a multicentre tertiary chemopreventative trial. These findings could influence a future clinical trial and may alter the ongoing management of these women.
‘Take whatever you can get’: practicing Housing First in Alberta

Abstract Housing First (HF) is an increasingly widespread and influential response to chronic homelessness. Programs using an HF approach typically rely on market apartments to house homeless clients as rapidly as possible. This reliance means HF programs are dependent on the availability and affordability of market housing. Little attention has been given to how shortages of affordable rental housing influence the practice of HF. To address this gap, we undertook qualitative research in Alberta, Canada. Interviews with service providers revealed that high rents and low vacancy rates had profound impacts on program operations, and complicated efforts to follow HF principles. Clients often experienced delays in being housed and felt pressure to accept the first apartment they were offered. In response, HF programs devoted resources to improve relationships with landlords. Ultimately, however, reliance on market housing undermined programs’ ability to fulfil the potential of HF in the Alberta context.
Low Rates of Revascularization and High In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Ischemic Lower Limb Amputation

Background: To assess the nationwide contemporary burden of cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and in-hospital mortality in patients with lower limb amputation (LLA) due to peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia (CLI) in Germany. Methods: German nationwide data for 2005 and 2009 were analyzed regarding in-hospital rates of major and minor ischemic LLA, risk factors, comorbidities, surgical and endovascular revascularizations, and in-hospital mortality. Results: In 2005, a total of 22 479 major (7.8%) and 28 262 minor (9.8%) LLAs were performed with a relative decrease of −21.8% in major LLA, yet with a relative increase of +2% in minor LLA rate in 2009. The overall revascularization rate before amputation was 46% in 2005 and 57% in 2009. In-hospital mortality for non-CLI, minor, and major amputees was 3.3%, 4.6%, and 19.8%, respectively (P < .001 for major vs minor LLA and non-CLI). Conclusion: The total number of ischemic LLA and amputation-related in-hospital mortality remains high in Germany in the 21st century. The poor outcome of patients with CLI might in part be due to underuse of revascularizations prior to amputation.
Utilizing compensatory task conditions for episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease

Numerous recent studies have addressed the question of whether memory can be improved in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence from both experimental studies and intervention work suggests that AD exerts a substantial effect not only on memory functioning in general, but also influences the potential for memory improvement. Contrary to previous claims, however, several recent studies indicate that AD patients can utilize cognitive support to improve memory under certain conditions. To achieve performance gains from experimental manipulations or intervention procedures in AD, it appears that cognitive support must be provided at the time of both information acquisition and subsequent information retrieval. In addition, there is evidence that cognitive intervention in AD stands a greater chance of succeeding when the training is based on functions that are relatively well preserved as opposed to functions that are severely impaired.
Technology enhanced learning innovation, TEQSA threshold standards and Australian higher education : a developmental phenomenographic study of educational designer's understandings and experiences

In this Developmental Phenomenographic study, twenty-six Educational Designers/Developers’ (EDs’) understandings and experiences of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) innovation both generally, and whilst working under TEQSA Threshold Standards (TS), were investigated with the aim of illuminating how TEL innovation is shaped within Australian Higher Education (HE) contexts. I employ Feenberg’s (2005, 2006) Critical Theory of Technology as a lens for exploring EDs’ understandings of TEL innovation and the socio-political environments in which HE sits. The variances in understanding and experiencing is illuminated by four outcome spaces, with each showing understandings and experiences in a hierarchical manner, and with higher levels subsuming understandings and experiences of lower levels. In outcome space one, EDs’ understandings of TEL innovation in general were labelled as: Maintained; Enhanced or; Transformed; whilst in outcome space two, their experiences of TEL innovation on-the-ground were labelled as Sustaining, Constraining, or Influencing. In outcome space three, EDs understandings of TEL work under TEQSA TS were Static; Narrow or; Broad; whilst in outcome space four, their experiences were: Maintained; Constrained; Supported or; Encouraged. The inclusion of a referential aspect of Support suggests that EDs believe that support via projects or strategies offer additional reinforcement when it comes to innovating under TEQSA TS. Further presented is an analysis of: outcome space one cross referenced with outcome space two; and outcomes space three cross referenced with outcome space four. Variations here were attributed to the EDs general understanding of TEL innovation and the socio-political influences that they encounter on a daily basis. Overall, it is suggested that the variation of EDs’ experiences of TEL innovation under TEQSA TS were similar to that of generally innovating. One difference was that institutional projects and strategies were seen as beneficial to innovating with TEL and working under TEQSA TS, whilst outside of this, they were to some extent seen as constraining innovations. The study also constructively critiques the concepts of pedagogy before technology; evidence and best practice, which were repeatedly mentioned by EDs as underpinning their understandings and conceivably shaping their experiences of TEL.
Pacing or Ablation: Which Is Better for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation‐Related Tachycardia‐Bradycardia Syndrome?

Symptomatic prolonged sinus pauses on termination of atrial fibrillation (AF) are an accepted indication for pacemaker implantation. We evaluated the outcome of AF ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF‐related tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome and compared the efficacy of catheter ablation with permanent pacing plus antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs).
Long-term follow-up of early treatment of unilateral forced posterior crossbite with regard to temporomandibular disorders and associated symptoms

Forty-four subjects, who at the age of 4 years had been treated for unilateral forced cross-bite by grinding or by maxillary arch expansion, were 16-19 years later followed-up by means of a questionnaire about their present condition with regard to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Twenty-two of them had received only early treatment (early questionnaire group) and 22 had received late treatment (late questionnaire group). Fourteen of the subjects who received late treatment also received early treatment. Twenty-nine of the subjects were also examined clinically. Eighteen of these had only received early treatment at 4 years of age (early clinical group), whereas 11 of them also received later treatment in the mixed or permanent dentition because of relapse (late clinical group). No significant differences were found between the early and late groups with regard to signs and symptoms of TMD. Most of the young adults who had undergone orthodontic treatment had well-functioning masticatory systems, and severe TMD signs and symptoms were rare. The results of this study suggest that relapse of early orthodontic treatment and further need of treatment does not influence the later status of subjective symptoms or clinical signs of TMD in young adults.
SUBENDOCARDIAL VIABILITY INDEX IS RELATED TO THE DIASTOLIC/SYSTOLIC TIME RATIO AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING PRESSURE, NOT TO AORTIC PRESSURE: AN INVASIVE STUDY IN RESTING HUMANS

1 The myocardial perfusion relative to left ventricular (LV) workload may be estimated by the subendocardial viability index (SVI). The SVI is a pressure–time integral ratio: the numerator is the area between aortic and LV pressures during diastolic time (DT) and the denominator is the area under the LV pressure curve during systolic time (ST). New non‐invasive tonometric devices allow estimation of SVI but neglect LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in the calculation. The aim of the present study was to determine the haemodynamic correlates of SVI and to test the effects of neglecting LVEDP on SVI estimation. 2 High‐fidelity pressures were recorded at rest at the aortic root and LV level in 38 subjects (33 men/five women; mean (±SD) age 47 ± 14 years; nine controls and 29 patients with various cardiac diseases). The SVI (1.16 ± 0.28) was positively correlated with the DT/ST ratio (1.71 ± 0.35; r2 = 0.81) and was negatively correlated with LVEDP (15 ± 7 mmHg; multiple r2 = 0.94). The SVI was not related to aortic pressure (mean, pulse, mean systolic, mean diastolic). In 17 patients with LVEDP > 14 mmHg, the SVI calculated assuming zero LVEDP was 33 ± 15% higher (range 16–70%) than the actual SVI. 3 The DT/ST ratio was the main determinant of the myocardial perfusion relative to cardiac workload and accounted for 81% of SVI variability, whereas aortic pressure did not contribute. Although LVEDP accounted for only 13% of SVI variability, it should be taken into account in the non‐invasive calculation of SVI in patients with known or suspected increases in LV filling pressure.
Controlling immigration? How regulations affect migration flows

The aim of this article is to investigate whether or not and how immigration policies affect immigration flows. Such policy impacts have hardly been investigated so far as the necessary data is lacking. For the first time, two new datasets are combined to systematically measure immigration policies and bilateral migration flows for 33 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) destination countries from over 170 countries of origin over the period 1982–2010. The study finds that immigration policies have an important effect on immigration flows and thus that states are able to control their borders. To some extent the control capacities depend on other factors in attracting or deterring immigrants. The article shows that the deterrence effect of restrictive immigration policies increases when unemployment rates are high. It appears that, in these contexts, states start to care more about effectively protecting their national economy. Moreover, policies are more effective for migrant groups from former colonies or when the stock of this group is already high in a destination country. In these circumstances, information on border regulations are more easily disseminated, which in turn makes them more effective.
Consensus Statement “Current Evidence on the Management of Metal-on-Metal Bearings”: April 16, 2012

The following recommendations are based on expert opinions of an international multidisciplinary panel endorsed by the “European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology” (EFORT), the “European Hip Society” (EHS), the German “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Endoprothetik” (AE) and the “Deutsche Arthrosehilfe” (DAH)
c-Myc oncogene expression in selected odontogenic cysts and tumors: An immunohistochemical study

Aim: To investigate the role of c-Myc oncogene in selected odontogenic cysts and tumors. Materials and Methods: Ten cases each of ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst, and radicular cyst were selected and primary monoclonal mouse anti-human c-Myc antibody was used in a dilution of 1: 50. Statistical Analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U test. Results: 80% positivity was observed in ameloblastoma, AOT and OKC; 50% positivity in radicular cyst and 20% positivity in dentigerous cyst. Comparison of c-Myc expression between ameloblastoma and AOT did not reveal significant results. Similarly, no statistical significance was observed when results of OKC were compared with ameloblastoma and AOT. In contrast, significant differences were seen on comparison of dentigerous cyst with ameloblastoma and AOT and radicular cyst with AOT. Conclusion: From the above data we conclude that (1) Ameloblastoma and AOT have similar proliferative potential and their biologic behavior cannot possibly be attributed to it. (2) OKC has an intrinsic growth potential which is absent in other cysts and reinforces its classification as keratocystic odontogenic tumor.