Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of 70% alcohol, 10% povidone-iodine and 0.4% chlorhexidine which are used in umbilical care on colonization and umbilical cord separation time

This research has been designed and conducted as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of three regimens of cord care on cord separation time and umbilical cord colonization. Umbilical cord cares of 70% alcohol, 10% povidone-iodine and 0.4% chlorhexidine were applied to 40 term neonates who were randomly assigned (N = 120). Wipe samples were taken from babies just after the delivery and re-taken from umbilicus on the 5th day, and the separation time of umbilical cord was determined. The mean time to cord separation was significantly higher in the 70% alcohol group (7.10 ± 1.61, p < 0.05). There were significant differences between the groups considering the culture results on the 5th day (p < 0.05); coagulase-negative staphylococci reproduced in a substantial part (27.5%) of the babies applied with 70% alcohol cares. Alcohol use delayed the time for cord separation compared to other methods. The authors concluded that 0.4% chlorhexidine may be effectively and safely used for umbilical cord care of healthy term neonates. Key words: Newborn, bacterial colonization, alcohol, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, umbilical cord separation
An Experimental Comparison of Cochlear Implant Systems

Reprint requests: Dr. Waltzman, Department of Otolaryngology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. In 1986 the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), in an effort to assess objec­ tively the efficacy of advanced cochlear im­ plants, funded a prospective randomized study of devices shown to provide open-set speech recognition to deaf patients. Al­ though results comparing different devices were available, the data were based on small numbers of subjects from studies that were neither randomized nor prospec1 2 tive. All studies, including the preliminary results from this investigation, have proven the superiority of multichannel devices over single-channel devices. The differ­ ences, however, between the multichannel prostheses were far less clear. Postopera­ tive results revealed that a portion of all postlingually deafened adults obtained some open-set speech recognition from all devices but protocols, selection criteria, measurement techniques, and data analysis differed with each investigation. The main purpose of this study was to perform a prospective, randomized inves­ tigation of available cochlear implants to determine whether differences in postop­ erative performance exist among devices. This article is intended to summarize the 2-year poststimulation audiologic results for each of the devices.
Peroneal reaction times for diagnosis of functional ankle instability

Summary In order to differentiate between functional and mechanical chronic ankle instability, peroneal muscle function was examined in sudden inversion movements produced by a 30° tilting platform. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the peroneus brevis and longus, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles. An electrogoniometer was used to record rearfoot motion. Sixty-five subjects were assigned either to a functional ( n = 35) or a mechanical instability group ( n = 30) based on radiographic and mechanical stability measurements. Mechanical instability was characterized by a greater talar tilt and anterior drawer in the unstable leg. The groups did not differ significantly in the stability characteristics of the unaffected leg. Functional instability was reflected in significantly longer reaction times of the peroneus brevis (65 versus 57 ms, P = 0.002) and longus muscle (60 versus 54 ms, P = 0.01) in comparison with the mechanical instability group. Therefore, in those unstable patients without a clear mechanical insufficiency, the problem appears to be caused by a neuromuscular instability. Peroneal reaction times may help to distinguish between different causes of chronic ankle instability.
Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and targeted intensive care on functional outcome after severe head injury*

Objective:Intracranial hypertension after severe head injury is associated with case fatality, but there is no sound evidence that monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and targeted management of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) improve outcome, despite widespread recommendation by experts in the field. The purpose was to determine the effect of ICP/CPP-targeted intensive care on functional outcome and therapy intensity levels after severe head injury. Design:Retrospective cohort study with prospective assessment of outcome. Setting:Two level I trauma centers in The Netherlands from 1996 to 2001. Patients:Three hundred thirty-three patients who had survived and remained comatose for >24 hrs, from a total of 685 consecutive severely head-injured adults. Interventions:In center A (supportive intensive care), mean arterial pressure was maintained at approximately 90 mm Hg, and therapeutic interventions were based on clinical observations and computed tomography findings. In center B (ICP/CPP-targeted intensive care), management was aimed at maintaining ICP <20 mm Hg and CPP >70 mm Hg. Allocation to either trauma center was solely based on the site of the accident. Measurements and Main Results:We measured extended Glasgow Outcome Scale after ≥12 months. Patient characteristics were well balanced between the centers. ICP monitoring was used in zero of 122 (0%) and 142 of 211 (67%) patients in centers A and B, respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was 41 (34%) vs. 69 (33%; p = .87). The odds ratio for a more favorable functional outcome following ICP/CPP-targeted therapy was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.62–1.44). This result remained after adjustment for potential confounders. Sedatives, vasopressors, mannitol, and barbiturates were much more frequently used in center B (all p < .01). The median number of days on ventilator support in survivors was 5 (25th–75th percentile, 2–9) in center A vs. 12 (7–19) in center B (p < .001). Conclusions:ICP/CPP-targeted intensive care results in prolonged mechanical ventilation and increased levels of therapy intensity, without evidence for improved outcome in patients who survive beyond 24 hrs following severe head injury.
Comparison of visual inspection and different radiographic methods for dentin caries detection on occlusal surfaces.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of the digital phosphor plate radiographic technique (Gendex Dental Systems) on occlusal surfaces in comparison with visual examination and conventional E- and F-speed films. METHODS The study material consisted of 54 non-cavitated third molars with a range of appearances, including apparently sound surfaces. Each surface was visually examined (VI) according to the criteria established by Ekstrand et al. Three radiographic images (E-speed, F-speed, digital phosphor plate film) were taken of each molar. The standardized radiograph technique used an alignment fixture to reproduce the focus-to-object distance as well as the object-to-film distance. Afterwards each tooth was cut into sections in the buccolingual direction with a microtome saw, and caries extension was assessed using light microscopy (LM) and microradiography (MR). The statistical analysis included the calculation of sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and A(z) values. RESULTS The following validity parameters were found for the tested diagnostic methods on the dentin caries level: VI/LM, 68.0 SE/93.1 SP/0.698 A(z); VI/MR, 68.2/87.5/0.751; E-speed/LM, 76.0/78.6/0.637; E-speed/MR, 77.3/74.2/0.681; F-speed/LM, 64.0/67.9/0.507; F-speed/MR, 68.2/67.7/0.594; Gendex/LM, 60.0/85.7/0.629; and Gendex/MR, 59.1/80.6/0.586. CONCLUSION The methods used showed different levels of validity: E- and F-speed films were linked to higher sensitivity values, whereas a higher specificity was recorded for the tested imaging plate system. In accordance with the diagnostic performance, the digital system can be recommended for practical use and potentially help prevent overtreatment thanks to its high SP.
The value of the divisions network:an evaluation of the effect of divisions of general practice on primary care performance

Established in 1992, divisions are now a recognised and valued part of the Australian health care system offering a network-based approach to supporting general practice-based primary health care and enhancing co-ordination with the rest of the health care system through a diverse set of activities. Measurement of the impact divisions have in improving the performance of the primary health care system is the basis of this research.Divisions of General Practice are regionally based organisations supporting the delivery of primary care services provided by General Practitioners. There are 120 covering all of Australia and represent the only major structural reform of the health care system since Medicare was introduced in 1984. Established in 1992, divisions are now a recognised and valued part of the Australian health care system offering a network-based approach to supporting general practice-based primary health care and enhancing co-ordination with the rest of the health care system through a diverse set of activities. $8 per Australian was spent on the divisions network in 2004/5. This is very low compared to total health spending of $4,319 per Australian, and to $1,098 per Australian on public hospitals. The new National Quality and Performance System (NPQS) for divisions currently being introduced will further demonstrate their value in the future. However, a detailed analysis of the NPQS data will not be available for some time. More immediate measurement of the impact divisions have in improving the performance of the primary health care system is required and is the basis of this research. The research is the most in-depth evaluation of the divisions network to date. Although it does not reflect the full range of activities that divisions perform which, like many primary care interventions, remain hard to measure, it provides some initial evidence on the impact of divisions on a measurable range of primary care performance between 2002 and 2004, the time period for which complete data were available.
Dronedarone in atrial fibrillation: the aftermath of the PALLAS trial

Dronedarone is a new antiarrhythmic currently approved for use among patients with nonpermanent atrial fibrillation (AF) based on the positive results of the ATHENA trial. Dronedarone was recently investigated in the PALLAS (Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Outcome Study Using Dronedarone on Top of Standard Therapy) trial, a landmark trial that evaluated treatment with dronedarone compared with placebo among older patients with permanent AF. The trial was terminated early due to a significant increase in adverse cardiovascular events among dronedarone-treated patients. In this article, the trial is presented and the significance and practical implications of the results in the management of older patients with AF briefly discussed.
Psychological therapies provision: views from primary care

AIMS AND METHOD Recent National Health Service (NHS) policy and guidelines support the increased provision of psychological therapies. As secondary care providers of psychological therapies, we carried out a questionnaire study of how our services were perceived by local general practitioners (GPs). All GPs in the borough of Southwark were included. RESULTS General practitioners value secondary care psychotherapeutic input across a spectrum of complex diagnostic groups and are interested in further training/education. They also consistently complain about long waiting times and confusion about accessing the various services. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS With increasing interest in and willingness to fund the delivery of psychological therapies, there is the potential for working more effectively across the primary–secondary care divide. However, improved communication between primary and secondary care is essential if the increased commitment at government level is to be translated into a locally effective service.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: a review

The role of inflammatory markers in cardiovascular diseases has been studied extensively and a consistent relationship between various inflammatory markers and cardiovascular diseases has been established in the past. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new addition to the long list of these inflammatory markers. NLR, which is calculated from complete blood count with differential, is an inexpensive, easy to obtain, widely available marker of inflammation, which can aid in the risk stratification of patients with various cardiovascular diseases in addition to the traditionally used markers. It has been associated with arterial stiffness and high coronary calcium score, which are themselves significant markers of cardiovascular disease. NLR is reported as an independent predictor of outcome in stable coronary artery disease, as well as a predictor of short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. It is linked with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and higher long-term mortality in patients undergoing PCI irrespective of indications of PCI. In patients admitted with advanced heart failure, high NLR was reported with higher inpatient mortality. Recently, NLR has been reported as a prognostic marker for outcome from coronary artery bypass grafting and postcoronary artery bypass grafting atrial fibrillation.
A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinomatous Lung Abscess with Multiple Metastatic Abscesses

Among the bronchogenic carcinomas, especially squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma frequently present with cavitation, which may result from tumor necrosis. Cavitary lesions of the tumor are occasionally associated with infection and misdiagnosed as benign lung abscess owing to the partial responsiveness to antibiotics. It is very difficult to distinguish the carcinomatous abscess from the benign lung abscess, because of their similar clinical and radiologic features. Delay in diagnosis of underlying lung cancer may result in poor outcome. Therefore, clinicians should remember that the patients with highly suspicious carcinoma of the lung should undergo further precise examinations to find out malignant cells.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF VANGA BHASMA AS VRISHYA

Day to day stress at work, various physical, biological, chemical and socio - economic factors contribute to a decline in concentration , motility and in the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in fer tile men. Ayurveda has several effective remedies which may act as a boon for seminal disorders. Vanga Bhasma (calcined tin) is one of the most popular drugs , used as Vrishya and to potentiate sexual vigour . It has been acclaimed to be efficacious in sukra dosa, s wapanmeha and also prevents sukrakshaya. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Vanga Bhasma as Vrishya on the basis of seminal parameters , sexual dysfunction , and quality of sexual life . The study was conducted on 30 male sub jects . The res ults were assessed in terms of seminal parameters, Questionnaire on Quality of Sexual Life and Symptomatic relief on the basis of scoring system . Statistically significant improvement ( p < 0.01 ) wa s observed on total sperm count and semen vol ume . Highly significant improvement , with p < 0.001 was observed on abnormal sperm forms and sperm motility. In terms of subjective parameters also, highly significant improvement, with p < 0.001 was observed in sexual desire, rigidity, eja culation, erecti on and orgasm . The study revealed that Vanga Bhasma can be used as a Vrishya drug.
Persistence of endothall in aquatic environment as determined by gas-liquid chromatography.

lyze further to biodegradable materials such as malonic acid (Krieble and Noll, 1939; Malaney and Gerhold, 1969). Chemicals or microorganisms in soil can decompose DBNPA. Microbial degradation of DBNPA has been demonstrated by the use of tracer techniques. For example, DBNPA-%-14C yielded 40% 14C02 after 2 weeks in the presence of unaerated waste treatment sludge (Wolf, 1971). Thus, hydrolytic, photolytic, chemical, and microbial decomposition of DBNPA and its degradates suggests that these compounds will not persist in the environment. The question of bioconcentration of DBNPA in the environment must be considered along with the persistence of the compound. Metabolic studies on rats (Rose, 1971) with DBNPA-2-l4C indicate that DBNPA is cleared rapidly from the body. This fact and the low lipid affinity of DBNPA (Poctano~ ~ 2 0 = 6.1) suggest a low potential for bioconcentration (Wolf, 1971).
Missing voices: What women say and do about depression after childbirth

Abstract Women who had participated in a population based survey at 8–9 months after childbirth and who had scored as depressed at that time on a well-validated self report instrument, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), were followed up 12–18 months later when the babies were around 2 years of age. Home interviews were conducted with this case group (n = 45, EPDS score > 12) and with a randomly selected control group (comprising women who had not scored as depressed at the time of the survey, n = 45, EPDS score < 9). Although most women who had scored as depressed also perceived themselves as having been depressed, a third did not want to label this experience postnatal depression. Women who reported feeling depressed believed the contributing factors to be lack of support, isolation, fatigue and physical ill health. Only two in five women in the case group had sought any form of professional assistance. Half die women in the case group had sought help from non-professional sources, mainly f.
Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome in African Pygmy Hedgehogs (Atelerix spp.)

Abstract Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome (WHS) is a progressive paralysis that occurs in approximately 10% of pet African hedgehogs in North America. Clinical signs of WHS begin with mild ataxia, progress to more severe neurologic signs, and ultimately lead to complete paralysis. The onset of WHS commonly occurs under 2 years of age, but can occur at any age. Progression rate is variable, and the majority of hedgehogs are completely paralyzed by 15 months after the onset of clinical signs. WHS can only be definitively diagnosed by post-mortem examination of tissues from the central nervous system. The characteristic histopathology of WHS is vacuolization of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, and associated neurogenic muscle atrophy. There is no inflammation of the central nervous system associated with WHS. The etiology of WHS is unknown, but pedigree analysis indicates a familial tendency to the disease.
Recombinant Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist in the Treatment of Patients With Sepsis Syndrome: Results From a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective. —To further define the safety and efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) in the treatment of sepsis syndrome. Study Design. —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational clinical trial. Population. —A total of 893 patients with sepsis syndrome received an intravenous loading dose of rhIL-1ra, 100 mg, or placebo followed by a continuous 72-hour intravenous infusion of rhIL-1ra (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg per hour) or placebo. Outcome Measure. —Twenty-eight—day all-cause mortality. Results. —There was not a significant increase in survival time for rhIL-1ra treatment compared with placebo among all patients who received the study medication (n=893; generalized Wilcoxon statistic, P =.22) or among patients with shock at study entry (n=713; generalized Wilcoxon statistic, P =.23), the two primary efficacy analyses specified a priori for this trial. Results from secondary analyses suggest an increase in survival time with rhIL-1ra treatment among patients with dysfunction of one or more organs (n=563; linear dose-response, P =.009). Retrospective analysis demonstrated an increase in survival time with rhIL-1ra treatment among patients with a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater (n=580; linear dose-response, P =.005) as well as among patients with both dysfunction of one or more organs and a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater (n=411; linear dose-response, P =.002). Conclusions. —There was not a statistically significant increase in survivial time for rhIL-1ra treatment compared with placebo among all patients who received the study medication or among patients with shock at study entry. Secondary and retrospective analyses of efficacy suggest that treatment with rhIL-1ra results in a dose-related increase in survival time among patients with sepsis who have organ dysfunction and/or a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater. ( JAMA . 1994;271:1836-1843)
Efficacy of colposcopy technique with Pap smear and histology in screening of cervical lesions

Background: In India the most common genital cancer among women is carcinoma of the cervix (80%). The objective of the study is analysis of efficacy of colposcopy technique with Pap smear and histology in screening of cervical lesions. Methods: Patients above 18 years of age with varied parity and socioeconomic status attending out-patient clinics were studied for correlation between cytology, colposcopy and colposcopically directed biopsy for a one year period. Results: In cytology and colposcopic directed biopsy sensitivity is 81%, specificity is 95%, false positive is 4.9%, false negative is 18% and accuracy is 92%. In colposcopy and directed biopsy sensitivity is 94%, specificity is 91%, false positive is 7.4%, false negative is 5.8% and accuracy is 92.85%. Colposcopy helps to reduce false negative cases seen in cytology. Conclusions: In our study overall incidence of CIN was 19, among them CIN1 in 9%, CIN2 in 4%, CIN3 in 4% and malignancy in 2% cases. Higher sensitivity in colposcopy and directed biopsy 94%, higher specificity 95% in cytology as compared to colposcopy. This emphasizes the use of all 3 methods Papincolaou cytology, colposcopy and histology is complementary to each other and helps to reduce false negative cases.
Easy Samples First: Self-paced Reranking for Zero-Example Multimedia Search

Reranking has been a focal technique in multimedia retrieval due to its efficacy in improving initial retrieval results. Current reranking methods, however, mainly rely on the heuristic weighting. In this paper, we propose a novel reranking approach called Self-Paced Reranking (SPaR) for multimodal data. As its name suggests, SPaR utilizes samples from easy to more complex ones in a self-paced fashion. SPaR is special in that it has a concise mathematical objective to optimize and useful properties that can be theoretically verified. It on one hand offers a unified framework providing theoretical justifications for current reranking methods, and on the other hand generates a spectrum of new reranking schemes. This paper also advances the state-of-the-art self-paced learning research which potentially benefits applications in other fields. Experimental results validate the efficacy and the efficiency of the proposed method on both image and video search tasks. Notably, SPaR achieves by far the best result on the challenging TRECVID multimedia event search task.