Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of transverse static electric field on terahertz radiation generation by beating of two transversely modulated Gaussian laser beams in a plasma

Resonant excitation of terahertz (THz) radiation by nonlinear coupling of two filamented spatial-Gaussian laser beams of different frequencies and wave numbers is studied in plasma having transverse static electric field. The static ponderomotive force due to filamented lasers is balanced by the pressure gradient force which gives rise to transverse density ripple, while, the nonlinear ponderomotive force at frequency difference of beating lasers couples with density ripple giving rise to stronger transverse nonlinear current which results into the excitation of THz radiation at resonance. The coupling is further enhanced by the presence of static electric field and spatial-Gaussian nature of laser beams. An increase of six-fold in the normalized amplitude of THz is observed by applying a direct current field of about 50 KV. Effects of frequency, laser beam width, and periodicity factor of modulated laser amplitude are studied for the efficient THz radiation generation. These results can be utilized for generating controlled tunable THz sources for medical applications using low filament intensities (~ 1014 W/cm2) of beating lasers.
Breakfast habits and heath perceptions in South-eastern Spanish adolescents

The principal aims of this study are to describe breakfast consumption patterns of south-eastern Spanish adolescents, examine the relationship between breakfast consumption and feelings of well-being and fitness and compare breakfast behaviour between men and women to identify if there is a gender gap. Design: A cross-sectional research with cluster sampling in two primary schools and seven secondary schools. The instrument used was a modified version of the Kidscreen-27 questionnaire. Sample: 2,125 students aged between 10 and 19 years old from different nationalities, mainly Romanian, Moroccan and Spanish. Results: The study identifies some youngsters who skip breakfast and no have no food intake over the course of the morning. About 35% of the teenagers skip daily breakfast before they leave for school, and a worrying 1,8% do not eat any food during the whole morning. Questionnaire outcomes also expresses that the amount of biscuits ingested increased as the number of times that adolescents have breakfast at home decreases. There are significant gender differences, women it less foods than men. Differences are especially significant in case of milk, bread or cereals and butter or oil. Finally, chisquare contrast analysis show students that have breakfast before leaving to school perceive better feelings about how well and fit they are than those student who do not have breakfast daily. Conclusions. Findings supports the need for further enhance health education programs focused on breakfast habits, especially with women. This study is part of the project “Education for Cross-cultural Health in Immigrant and Native Adolescents from Almeria: Analysis and intervention for optimization and improvement” supported by the National R+D Plan of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Ref: EDU2011-26887)
Properties of jet engine combustion particles during the PartEmis experiment: Hygroscopicity at subsaturated conditions

Hygroscopic properties of combustion particles were measured online with a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H‐TDMA) during PartEmis jet engine combustor experiments. The combustor was operated at old and modern cruise conditions with fuel sulfur contents (FSC) of 50, 410 and 1270 μg g−1, and hygroscopic growth factors (HGF) of particles with different dry diameters were investigated at relative humidities RH ≤ 95%. HGFs increased strongly with increasing FSC (HGF[95% RH, 50 nm, modern cruise] = 1.01 and 1.16 for low and high FSC, respectively), and decreased with increasing particle size at fixed FSC, whereas no significant difference was detected between old and modern cruise. HGFs agreed well with a two‐parameter theoretical model which provided an estimate of the sulfuric acid content of dry particles, indicating a nearly linear dependence on FSC.
Attentional, Cognitive, and Physiological Indices of Emotion Regulation in Depressed and Non-Depressed Young Adults

by CHRISTINA VASILEV Emotion Regulation (ER) consists of a series of physiological, cognitive, and attentional events, with the goal of modifying an individual’s emotional state. The present study tests, via structural equation modeling, for accurate model fit of Gross’ Process Model of Emotion Regulation with multiple factors of ER (attentional bias, cognitive change, and emotion modulation) among young adults who do or do not endorse symptoms of depression. The study also examines the impact of suppression on physiological emotional response (RSA and GSR levels) and on physiological recovery from emotional events (RSA and GSR reactivity) among depressed and non-depressed young adults. Methods: 88 undergraduates (46 with depression, 42 without) completed a battery of self-report measures and mood induction tasks. Results: Indices for overall model fit did not indicate adequate fit to the data, and returned non-convergent results. Suppression as an ER strategy was found to predict impaired psychophysiological recovery from negative mood induction.
Antecedents of Training Effectiveness in Bahrain

This study focuses on antecedents of the training programs’ effectiveness at public sector organizations in Bahrain. A Kirkpatrick model is utilized as a partial research framework and tested as the dependent variable training effectiveness in this study. This study further examines the relationship between the independent variables, trainer and social support toward training effectiveness. The survey instrument was developed for data collection and the questionnaires were distributed to the staff working in the public sector in Bahrain. The total usable questionnaires are 128. The study adopts a quantitative approach using SPSS statistic approach. The outcomes also discover that both antecedents have a positive and a significant relationship with the training effectiveness at various Kirkpatrick’s levels.
Immune profiles of T lymphocyte subsets in adipose tissue of obese mouse induced by high-fat diet

In this study, we analyzed high-fat diet (HFD)-induced time-course changes in proportions of T lymphocyte subsets in adipose tissue.Mice were fed with normal-fat diet (NFD) or HFD for 20 weeks. An autoanalyzer was used to assay plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Stromal vascular cells were isolated from epididymal adipose tissues and labeled with antibodies for cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, interferon -g, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 for fluorescence-activated cell sorter. We discovered that weight of epididymal fat pads and perirenal fat in HFD group were higher than that in NFD group. Significant changes in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL content were detected in sera of mice fed with HFD compared with those provided with NFD. Proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in adipose tissues of HFD mice compared with those of NFD mice. Proportions of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 sublineages also increased significantly in HFD group. Long-time HFD-induced obesity can increase proportions of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells in epididymal fat pads, disrupt balance of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, and induce progressive Th1 and Th17 biases.
Emotion Regulation in Depression

Sustained negative affect and difficulties experiencing positive affect are hallmark features of major depressive disorder. Recent research has suggested that difficulties in emotion regulation are at the core of these cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder; depressed patients exhibit more frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation and difficulties effectively implementing adaptive strategies. It remains unclear, however, what underlies these difficulties in emotion regulation. Cognitive theories of depression have a long tradition of focusing on cognitive factors that increase depression risk and maintain depressive episodes, but the link between cognitive and affective aspects of major depressive disorder remains to be explored. We propose that cognitive biases and deficits in cognitive control putatively associated with depression affect emotion regulation in critical ways, thereby setting the stage for maintained negative affect and diminished levels of positive affect. We close with a discussion of implications for treatment and future directions for research in this area.
Relating dust, gas, and the rate of star formation in M 31

Aims. Investigation of relationships between dust and gas, and study of the star formation law in M 31. Methods. We derive distributions of dust temperature and dust opacity across M31 at 45 00 resolution using the Spitzer data. With the opacity map and a standard dust model we de-redden the Hemission yielding the first de-reddened Hmap of M 31. We compare the emissions from dust, H�, HI and H2 by means of radial distributions, pixel-to-pixel correlations and wavelet cross-correlations. We calculate the star formation rate and star formation efficiency from thede-reddened Hemission. Results. The dust temperature steeply decreases from 30K near the center to 15K at large radii. The mean dust optical depth at the Hwavelength along the line of sight is about 0.7. The radial decrease of the dust-to-gas ratio is similar to that of the oxygen abundance. Extinction is about linearly correlated with the total gas surface density within limited radial intervals. On scales <2kpc, cold dust emission is best correlated with that of neutral gas and warm dust emission with that of ionized gas. Hemission is slightly better correlated with emission at 70µm than at 24µm. The star formation rate in M31 is low. In the area 6kpc<R<17kpc, the total SFR is ' 0.3Myr −1 . A linear relationship exists between surface densities of SFR and H2. The Kennicutt-Schmidt law between SFR and total gas has a power-law index of 1.30� 0.05 in the radial range of R=7-11kpc increasing by about 0.3 for R=11-13kpc. Conclusions. The better 70µm-Hthan 24µm-Hcorrelation plus an excess in the 24µm/70µm intensity ratio indicates that other sources than dust grains, e.g. of stellar origin, contribute to the 24µm emission. The lack of H2 in the central region could be related to the lack of HI and the low opacity/high temperature of the dust. Since neither SFR nor SFE is well correlated with the surface density of H2 or total gas, other factors than gas density must play an important role in the formation of massive stars in M 31. The molecular depletion time scale of 1.1Gyr indicates that M 31 is about three times less efficient in forming young massive stars thanM 33.
Lie group analysis, exact solutions and conservation laws of (3+1) dimensional a B-type KP equation

In this study, we considered the (3+1) dimensional a B-type Kademtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. Using the Lie group analysis, the symmetry reductions and exact analytic solutions were obtained. Traveling wave solutions were also deduced. Lastly, local conservation laws were constructed by using the multiplier and Ibragimov's nonlocal conservation method.
Validation of the FALL3D model for the 2008 Chaitén eruption using field and satellite data

The 2008 Chaiten Volcano eruption began on 2 May 2008 with an explosive phase that injected large amounts of tephra into the atmosphere. During the first week of the eruption, volcanic ash clouds were transported for hundreds of kilometres over Argentina by the prevailing westerly winds. Tephra deposition extended to the Atlantic Ocean and severely affected the Argentinean Patagonia. Impacts included air and water quality degradation, disruption of ground transportation systems and cancellation of flights at airports more than 1,500 km apart. We use the FALL3D tephra transport model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research Weather (WRF-ARW) meteorological model to simulate tephra fall from the 2-9 May 2008 eruptive period. Our hindcast results are in good agreement with satellite imagery and reproduce ground deposit observations. Key aspects of our analysis, not considered during syn-eruptive forecasts, are the re-initialization of each simulation with actualized meteorological forecast cycles and better constrained model inputs including column heights (inferred from reanalysis of GOES-10 imagery and nearby atmospheric soundings) and granulometric data obtained from field campaigns. This study shows the potential of coupling WRF/ARW and FALL3D models for short-term forecast of volcanic ash clouds. Our results highlight that, in order to improve forecasting of ash cloud dispersion and tephra deposition, it is essential to implement an operational observation system to measure temporal variations of column height and granulometric characteristics of tephra particles in nearly real-time, at proximal as well as distal locations.
Anti-symmetrization reveals hidden entanglement

Two-photon anti-bunching at a beamsplitter is only possible if the photons are entangled in a specific state, anti-symmetric in the spatial modes. Thus, observation of anti-bunching is an indication of entanglement in a degree of freedom, which might not be easily accessible in an experiment. We experimentally demonstrate this concept in the case of the interference of two frequency-entangled photons with continuous frequency detunings. The principle of anti-symmetrization of the spatial part of a wavefunction and subsequent detection of hidden entanglement via anti-bunching at a beamsplitter may facilitate the observation of entanglement in other systems, like atomic ensembles or Bose–Einstein condensates. The analogue for fermionic systems would be to observe bunching.
Punishment or Protest? Understanding European Parliament Elections

After six sets of European Parliament elections, do voters primarily use these elections to punish their national governments or to express their views on European issues? We answer this question by looking at all European elections (1979–2004) in all 25 EU states. We find that almost 40% of the volatility in party vote-shares in European elections compared to national elections is explained by the transfer of votes from large and governing parties to small and opposition parties. Nevertheless, anti-EU parties and green parties on average do better in European elections than in national elections. But these “European effects” are minor, and the position a party takes on Europe is largely irrelevant to its performance. Hence, despite the growing powers of the European Parliament, neither positions on matters regarding European integration, nor on matters regarding “normal” left-right policy, have much of an effect on electoral outcomes.
Neurophysiological Repercussions of Anabolic Steroid Abuse: A Road into Neurodegenerative Disorders

Since its discovery, several chemical modifications in the testosterone molecule have been done by pharmaceutical industry in order to improve its pharmacological effects, resulting in the creation of anabolic steroids (AS). Despite the therapeutic benefits, AS abuse has spread among elite and recreational athletes in the search for improvements on physical appearance and physical performance. Illicit use of anabolic AS has been correlated with several adverse effects, such as cardiovascular, endocrine, reproduc -tive, and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. Recently, declines on cognitive and mnemonic performance have been demonstrated clinically and experimentally. Experimental studies have demonstrated that these neurological dysfunctions are correlated to spread neuronal apoptosis throughout important areas of the central nervous system (CNS), such as hippocampus and cortex. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been linked to the AS-induced neurotoxicity, including redox imbalance and recruit ment of pro-apoptotic downstream pathways. Furthermore, exposure to AS has arisen as a potential risk factor to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Altogether, these evidences imply that AS abuse per se induces neurodegeneration and can aggravate the prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
The Role of International Trade in Employment Growth in Micro- and Small Enterprises: Evidence from Developing Asia

This paper examines the role of international trade in employment growth in micro- and small enterprises using a representative sample of manufacturing firms in six Southeast Asian countries. After controlling for firm and individual characteristics as well as country and sector dummies, participation in international trade plays a significant role in explaining this growth, boosting firm-level growth by 3% per year on average. The fact that firms start exporting quickly after their foundation suggests that reverse causality is not an issue for our estimates. However, biases arising from unobserved heterogeneity cannot be ruled out. Therefore, we exploit the fact that firms were exposed to unexpected variation in real exchange rates between 2005 and 2008 to investigate the causal relationship between trade and employment growth. The results are not conclusive, but they do not suggest that the relationship is driven by unobserved heterogeneity.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes) with emphasis on the Neodermata and relatives

Phylogenetic systematic analysis of 24 taxa representing the rhabdocoel platyhelminths, based on a suite of 89 morphological characters, produced two equally parsimonious trees, 181 steps long, with a consistency index (CI) of 0.69 and a rescaled consistency index (RCI) of 0.56, differing only with respect to that portion of the tree containing Umagillidae, Acholadidae, Graffillinae, Pseudograffillinae, Pterastericolidae and Hypoblepharinidae. Our results accommodate all previously proposed sister taxa to the Neodermata in a single clade in which ((Dalyelliidae + Temnocephalida) Typhloplanidae) is the sister group of ((Fecampiidae + Urastoma) (Udonella ((Aspidogastrea + Digenea) (Monogenea (Gyrocotylidea (Amphilinidea + Eucestoda)))))). Bootstrap and jackknife analyses indicate that the groupings of ((Dalyelliidae + Temnocephalida) Typhloplanidae) and of ((Fecampiidae + Urastoma) (Udonella ((Aspidogastrea + Digenea) (Monogenea (Gyrocotylidea (Amphilinidea + Eucestoda)))))) are highly robust, with the latter clade having a CI of 90% and RCI of 82%. Disagreements among previous analyses of these taxa have been due to the influence of missing data for critical characters in key taxa and differences in the taxa analysed, rather than any inherent weakness in the morphological data. Non‐phylogenetic systematic approaches to homology assessment and misconceptions regarding phylogenetic systematic methodology are discussed. Recent analyses combining sequence data with a subset of approximately 60% of the morphological characters should be re‐assessed using the entire morphological database. Even if Udonella is a monogenean, it is most parsimonious to suggest that the common ancestor of the Neodermata had a vertebrate–arthropod two‐host life cycle.
The empirical evidence of the voluntary information disclosure in the annual reports of banking companies: The case of Bangladesh

This study reports the results of an empirical study of the effect of firm- specific characteristics on the voluntary disclosure in the 2000/2001 annual reports of 20 commercial banks in Bangladesh. The conceptual model underlying the study is based on economic and political incentives for providing greater detail in the annual reports and accounts. Three hypotheses have been developed and also a regression has been run to investigate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The results indicate that size and audit firm variables to be significant in determining the disclosure Thus, the study contributes to the enhancement of knowledge regarding financial reporting and disclosure practices of financial companies under the developing countries context, and provides a basis for the conduct of future research in this area. Keyword: voluntary disclosure, financial institutions, bangladesh
The Effect of Growth Rate on the Wood Quality of Fast Grown Hardwood Plantation Species in Sri Lanka

In the past when most of the country was covered by natural forests, logs of various natural species flowedinto the market. However, now that natural high canopy forest cover has reduced, and restrictions on fellingand transport of timber, supplies from natural forests are limited. The domestic forest industries are dependenton the supply of wood from sources other than natural forests. Forest plantations play major role in supply oftimber. State forest plantations established earlier and several private sector plantations, which are now beingestablished, will produce main share of commercial timber in Sri Lanka in the future. Many private forestcompanies claims to produce fast-grown timber in very short rotations such as 15- 25 years. Forestersnormally decide the age of felling based on the tree growth, (culminate point of MAI and CAI), but(Ruwanpathirana, 2002) suggested that maturation of different wood properties should also be consideredin deciding the rotation age. In this paper wood quality of fast grown plantation species are reviewed generally, with special referenceto three key commercial hardwood species, which will make major share of future timber supplies in SriLanka: Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Teak (Tectonagrandis).
Data Revisions and Real-Time Forecasting

At a given point in time, a forecaster will have access to data on macroeconomic variables that have been subject to different numbers of rounds of revisions, leading to varying degrees of data maturity. Observations referring to the very recent past will be first-release data, or data which has as yet been revised only a few times. Observations referring to a decade ago will typically have been subject to many rounds of revisions. How should the forecaster use the data to generate forecasts of the future? The conventional approach would be to estimate the forecasting model using the latest vintage of data available at that time, implicitly ignoring the differences in data maturity across observations. The conventional approach for real-time forecasting treats the data as given, that is, it ignores the fact that it will be revised. In some cases, the costs of this approach are point predictions and assessments of forecasting uncertainty that are less accurate than approaches to forecasting that explicitly allow for data revisions. There are several ways to “allow for data revisions,” including modeling the data revisions explicitly, an agnostic or reduced-form approach, and using only largely unrevised data. The choice of method partly depends on whether the aim is to forecast an earlier release or the fully revised values.