Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twitter as a Flexible Tool

This study focuses on the tweeting habits of journalists with different job roles at a UK city newspaper. The Twitter profiles of 16 journalists working at The Star in Sheffield were captured in 2014 and a content analysis was conducted to examine the types of information each individual was reporting. The data revealed Twitter was being utilised as a versatile tool for gathering, reporting and disseminating news, and there was correlation between types of tweets and the job role of the profile account holder. Those in managerial positions tended to include more hyperlinks to their own news website and use Twitter as a promotional tool whereas sports journalists tended to use the social media platform as a live reporting tool. News reporters at the newspaper did not regularly link back to their legacy platform, preferring to use Twitter to build relationships and interactions with users. The authors conclude that these data together with similar comparative studies are useful for identifying patterns in changing journalistic roles within a local, national and international context. The emerging trends challenge the notion of the redefinition of the journalist as a universal role and instead point towards multiple redefinitions of the varying roles of journalists.
Detection of land cover changes in El Rawashda Forest, Sudan: A systematic comparison

This study compares six change detection techniques to study land cover change associated with tropical forest (El Rawashda forest reserve, Gedaref State, Sudan). For this site, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data acquired on March 22, 2003 and Aster data acquired on February 26, 2006 were used. The change detection techniques employed in this study were Post-Classification Comparison (PCC), image differencing of different vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Transformed Difference Vegetation Index (TDVI)), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD), Change Vector Analysis (CVA) and Tasseled Cap Analysis (TCA). As field validation data did not exist for 2003, a manual classification was performed, then a change map was conducted to locate and identify change in vegetation. This change map was used as a reference to quantitatively assess the accuracy of each change-detection techniques. Based on accuracy assessment, the most successful technique was the PCC technique with an accuracy of 94%. This was followed by the MAD technique with an accuracy 88.8%. However, among vegetation indices techniques, TDVI stood out as better than NDVI and SAVI in its ability to accurately identify vegetation change.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical and biochemical differences.

BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), once thought to typify type 1 diabetes mellitus, has been reported to affect individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An analysis and overview of the different clinical and biochemical characteristics of DKA that might be predicted between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is needed. METHODS We reviewed 176 admissions of patients with moderate-to-severe DKA. Patients were classified as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes based on treatment history and/or autoantibody status. Groups were compared for differences in symptoms, precipitants, vital statistics, biochemical profiles at presentation, and response to therapy. RESULTS Of 138 patients admitted for moderate-to-severe DKA, 30 had type 2 diabetes. A greater proportion of the type 2 diabetes group was Latino American or African American (P<.001). Thirty-five admissions (19.9%) were for newly diagnosed diabetes. A total of 85% of all admissions involved discontinuation of medication use, 69.2% in the type 2 group. Infections were present in 21.6% of the type 1 and 48.4% of the type 2 diabetes admissions. A total of 21% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 70% with type 2 diabetes had a body mass index greater than 27. Although the type 1 diabetes group was more acidotic (arterial pH, 7.21 +/- 0.12 vs 7.27 +/- 0.08; P<.001), type 2 diabetes patients required longer treatment periods (36.0 +/- 11.6 vs 28.9 +/- 8.9 hours, P =.01) to achieve ketone-free urine. Complications from therapy were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of DKA occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes. The time-tested therapy for DKA of intravenous insulin with concomitant glucose as the plasma level decreases, sufficient fluid and electrolyte replacement, and attention to associated problems remains the standard of care, irrespective of the type of diabetes.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against donor HLA class I antigens on airway epithelial cells are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung transplant recipients during acute rejection.

BACKGROUND The lung epithelium is among the first donor tissues encountered by the lung allograft recipient's immune system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lung epithelium was recognized by T lymphocytes that are isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung allograft recipients during periods of acute rejection. METHODS Lymphocytes isolated from 45 bronchoalveolar lavage samples (from 41 lung transplant recipients) served as effector cells in standard cell-mediated cytolytic assays with several cell lines as targets: BEAS-2B (an immortalized airway epithelial cell line); B-lymphoblastoid cell lines; and K562 (a natural killer-sensitive cell line). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity of bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes was correlated with pathologic status. RESULTS During acute rejection alone (ie, without concomitant cytomegalovirus infection), mean lysis of the airway epithelial target was significantly greater, compared with during no rejection, when these targets expressed donor-specific HLA class I antigens (P =.007). Lysis of donor class I-matched B-lymphoblastoid cell line targets during rejection was not significantly different from lysis during no-rejection periods (P =.18). Mean lysis of K562, a natural killer cell target, did not differ between acute rejection (without concomitant cytomegalovirus infection) and no rejection (P =.30). During cytomegalovirus infection (without concomitant acute rejection), there was no difference in mean lysis of airway epithelial cells, B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, or K562 targets compared with during no cytomegalovirus infection, whereas during acute rejection, compared with cytomegalovirus infection without rejection, there was a significant increase in mean lysis of the airway epithelial target when it expressed donor-specific HLA antigens (P =.01). CONCLUSIONS Donor HLA class I-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity directed at airway epithelial cells was demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes from lung transplant recipients. Lysis of these targets was significantly higher during episodes of acute rejection.
Knowledge, attitude, and perception of mothers towards emergency management of dental trauma in Salem district, Tamil Nadu: a questionnaire study.

BACKGROUND Dental trauma is one of the main oral health problems in childhood, and can cause pain and distress. It is important to provide emergency care to combat the aftermaths of trauma. AIM The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding dental trauma and its management. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire consisting of 33 closed-ended questions were used to interview 150 mothers who participated in the study. The questions assessed the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards their child's dental visit, dental trauma, and its management. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. RESULTS Mother's previous experience of dental trauma when associated with the preservation of avulsed tooth of the child, those mothers who had the experience of dental trauma reported that they would discard the tooth which was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared to the mothers with no experience of trauma. The education status of the study population when associated with the knowledge variables of avulsion, it was found that most of the variables had statistically significant association with P < 0.05. CONCLUSION This study reveals that there is a lack of awareness among the mothers regarding the emergency management of dental trauma. This warrants the need of an effective communication between dental professionals and mothers for better handling of dental emergencies.
Investigating the role of the IGF axis as a predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients post‐surgery

Between 20% and 35% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients who undergo treatment with curative intent (ie, surgery or radiation therapy) for localized disease will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). Alterations in the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis and PTEN expression have been implicated in the development and progression of several human tumors including PCa. We examined the expression of the insulin receptor (INSR), IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R), PTEN, and AKT in radical prostatectomy tissue of patients who developed BCR post‐surgery.
Prevention of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline

This document provides clinical recommendations for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. It represents a collaborative effort between the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society. Comprehensive evidence syntheses were performed to summarise all available evidence relevant to the Task Force's questions. The evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach and the results were summarised in evidence profiles. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by a multidisciplinary Task Force of COPD experts. After considering the balance of desirable (benefits) and undesirable consequences (burden in the form of adverse effects and cost), quality of evidence, feasibility, and acceptability of various interventions, the Task Force made recommendations for mucolytic, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (roflumilast) and macrolide therapy, as well as a conditional recommendation against fluoroquinolone therapy. All of the recommendations were conditional, except for a strong recommendation for the use of a long-acting antimuscarinic agent versus a long-acting β2-adrenergic, indicating that there was uncertainty about the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences of the intervention, and that well-informed patients may make different choices regarding whether to have or not have the specific intervention. The guideline summarises the evidence and provides recommendations for pharmacological therapy for the prevention of COPD exacerbations. Different strategies are useful for the prevention of COPD exacerbations http://ow.ly/dqpD30daO4O
A prospective multicenter parallel-controlled trial of TIVOLI biodegradable-polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stent compared to ENDEAVOR zotarolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of coronary artery disease: 8-month angiographic and 2-year clinical follow-up results.

BACKGROUND Available drug-eluting stents (DES) have achieved great success in reducing restenosis rates. Recently, investigators have demonstrated that the durable polymer carrier plays a significant role in DES-related hypersensitive reaction and delays vessel healing. TIVOLI stent is a novel sirolimus-eluting coronary stent with biodegradable coating containing sirolimus and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer. The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the TIVOLI biodegradable-polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stent in treating patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS A prospective, multicenter clinical trial comparing TIVOLI biodegradable coated sirolimus-eluting stent with ENDEAVOR zotarolimus-eluting stent was conducted in 324 patients (TIVOLI group: 168 patients; ENDEAVOR group: 156 patients) at 12 centers in China to demonstrate the non-inferiority of in-stent late loss with TIVOLI stent compared to ENDEAVOR stent in subjects with a maximum of two de novo native coronary artery lesions (lesion length ≤ 40 mm, reference vessel diameter 2.25-4.00 mm). The primary end point was angiographic in-stent late loss at 8-month. The secondary end points were clinical outcomes at 2 years, including major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target-lesion revascularization) and stent thrombosis. RESULTS Angiographic late lumen loss at 8 months in the TIVOLI group was superior to the ENDEAVOR group (in-stent (0.25 ± 0.33) mm vs. (0.57 ± 0.55) mm, diff (95%CI) -0.23 (-0.32, -0.14), P < 0.0001; in-segment (0.25 ± 0.33) mm vs. (0.42 ± 0.55) mm, diff (95%CI) -0.13 (-0.23, -0.02), P = 0.0083). The rate of in-stent binary restenosis at 8 months was reduced from 8.6% in the ENDEAVOR group to 2.9% in the TIVOLI group (P = 0.0229). Compared to ENDEAVOR stent, TIVOLI stent resulted in a significant reduction in target-lesion revascularization (4.2% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.0495) at 2 years. The two-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was lower for the TIVOLI group, but not significantly different (6.6% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.1630). CONCLUSIONS TIVOLI was superior to ENDEAVOR stent with respect to late lumen loss at 8 months, and it yielded both lower rates of angiographic binary restenosis at 8 months and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 2 years. The MACE rate at 2 years was comparable in both groups.
FETAL ARRHYTHMIA DURING PREGNANCY AND LABOUR

The significance of fetal arrhythmia presenting during pregnancy and labour has been examined in 68 patients. The different types of rhythm disorders diagnosed included 61 extrasystoles, 6 atrioventricular blocks and 1 auricular fibrillation. Extrasystoles were not associated with acidosis or organic cardiac disease. Atrioventricular block, though not associated with fetal hypoxia, was occasionally associated with congenital cardiac failure.
Reference measurement procedure for CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42 and the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio – a cross‐validation study against amyloid PET

A clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is currently made on the basis of results from cognitive tests in combination with medical history and general clinical evaluation, but the peptide amyloid‐beta (Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is increasingly used as a biomarker for amyloid pathology in clinical trials and in recently proposed revised clinical criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Recent analytical developments have resulted in mass spectrometry (MS) reference measurement procedures for absolute quantification of Aβ1–42 in CSF. The CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio has been suggested to improve the detection of cerebral amyloid deposition, by compensating for inter‐individual variations in total Aβ production. Our aim was to cross‐validate the reference measurement procedure as well as the Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42/Aβ1–38 ratios in CSF, measured by high‐resolution MS, with the cortical level of Aβ fibrils as measured by amyloid (18F‐flutemetamol) positron emission tomography (PET). We included 100 non‐demented patients with cognitive symptoms from the Swedish BioFINDER study, all of whom had undergone both lumbar puncture and 18F‐flutemetamol PET. Comparing CSF Aβ1–42 concentrations with 18F‐flutemetamol PET showed high concordance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 and a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 81%, respectively. The ratio of Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 or Aβ1–42/Aβ1–38 significantly improved concordance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95 and a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 91%, respectively. These results show that the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42/Aβ1–38 ratios using the described MS method are strongly associated with cortical Aβ fibrils measured by 18F‐flutemetamol PET.
Dental caries and enamel fluorosis among the fluoridated and non-fluoridated populations in the Republic of Ireland in 2002.

BACKGROUND A national survey of oral health of children and adolescents was carried out in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) in 2001/2002. AIMS To compare the prevalence of caries between child and adolescent residents in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in the RoI whilst controlling for disadvantage. To compare caries levels amongst disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged groups with and without water fluoridation. To report the changes in caries levels between the 1960s and 2002 in RoI. To report the changes in dental fluorosis levels between 1984 and 2002. METHODOLOGY Cross sectional oral health survey of a representative, random, stratified sample of 17,851 5-, 8-, 12- and 15-year-old children and adolescents in RoI. WHO examination criteria with the addition of visible, non-cavitated dentine caries were used for recording caries. Fluorosis was measured using Dean's Index. RESULTS In the RoI the mean dmft/DMFT scores for 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-year-olds were 1.2, 0.3, 1.1 and 2.3. For those with domestic water fluoridation since birth the scores were 1.0, 0.3, 1.1 and 2.1 respectively. In non-fluoridated areas of RoI the mean dmft/DMFT scores for 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-year-olds was 1.7, 0.3, 1.3 and 3.2, respectively. For 5-, 12- and 15-year-old age groups dental caries levels were lower amongst children with fluoridated domestic water supplies (all p<0.0001). The prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased in RoI since 1984. 23% and 36% of 8- and 15-year olds respectively in fluoridated areas had Dean's Index scores at the questionable or greater level in 2002, compared with 6% and 5% respectively in 1984. CONCLUSIONS Caries levels are lower among children with fluoridated domestic water supplies. Decay levels are much lower in 2002 than they were in 1984 and in the 1960s. The oral health of the less well off is worse than that of the rest of the population. The prevalence of dental fluorosis is higher amongst children and adolescents with fluoridated water supplies. Comparisons with 1984 data show an increase in the prevalence of fluorosis since that time.
Human mast cells synthesize and release angiogenin, a member of the ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily

ANG is a plasma protein with angiogenic and ribonucleolytic activity implicated in tumor growth, heart failure, wound healing, asthma, and the composition of the adult gut microflora. Human mast cells (HuMC) are similarly associated with modulation of vascular permeability, angiogenic processes, wound healing, and asthma. We hypothesized that HuMC express and secrete ANG in response to divergent stimuli. ANG expression was evaluated in the LAD2 HMC, the HMC‐1, and CD34+‐derived HuMC, following exposure to live Escherichia coli, TLR ligands, or neuropeptides and following FcεRI aggregation. Expression and production of ANG were determined by microarray analysis, qRT‐PCR, confocal microscopy, and ELISA. Microarray analysis showed that ANG is up‐regulated by LAD2 cells exposed to live E. coli. qRT‐PCR analysis revealed that LAD2, HMC‐1, and HuMC constitutively expressed ANG mRNA and that it was up‐regulated by exposure to E. coli. Activation of HuMC by FcεRI aggregation resulted in release of small amounts of ANG (<100 pg/mL), whereas compound 48/80, NGF, LPS, PGN, and flagellin activated HuMC to secrete >160 pg/mL ANG. These observations demonstrate that HuMC store and secrete ANG to a variety of stimuli and suggest that MC‐derived ANG is available in the subsequent inflammatory response.
Electronic organiser and Alzheimer's disease: Fact or fiction?

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease characterised by a progressive loss of cognitive functions and impairment of activities of daily living severe enough to interfere with normal functioning. To help persons with this disease perform a variety of activities, our research team developed AP@LZ, an electronic organiser specifically designed for them. Two participants with Alzheimer's disease learned how to use AP@LZ in their daily lives by following a structured learning method. After the learning phase, the participants were able to use AP@LZ efficiently and facilitate their day-to-day activities for several months, despite the steady progression of the disease. These results suggest that persons with Alzheimer's disease can learn to use new technologies to compensate for their everyday memory problems, which opens up new rehabilitation possibilities in dementia care.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium among Dairy Cows in Thailand

Abstract: Cryptosporidium species are frequently associated with diarrhea among AIDS patients in Thailand, and dairy herds are a possible source of some of these infections. A cross‐sectional study was performed to determine if Cryptosporidium is present among dairy cows in Thailand. Fecal samples were randomly collected from 363 Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows from 108 of 860 farms in the Nong Pho region of central Thailand. The average prevalence of Cryptosporidium among dairy cows was 9.4%, according to an assay for Cryptosporidium‐specific antigen (CSA) and 0.6% by microscopic examination of acid‐fast stained feces. CSA was detected in all host age categories tested, but was most prevalent among calves (15.1%). Overall, 31.5% of farms were contaminated with Cryptosporidium infections. Fifty percent of poorly managed farms had CSA‐positive cows, which were more likely to contaminate water and raw milk, while 12.9% of farms with acceptable management practices had CSA‐positive cows. There was no association between the detection of Cryptosporidium and other gastrointestinal parasites. These results indicate that Cryptosporidium is enzootic among Thai dairy cattle, and suggest that cattle could have a role in zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in Thailand.
Multicast-pushing with human-in-the-loop: Where social networks meet wireless communications

Proactive pushing and caching has recently emerged as a promising technology to improve the quality of service in mobile networks. Given the fact that users' demand for content is largely driven by social networking, this paper combines the analysis of social networking with proactive pushing and caching by constructing a human-in-the-loop system model with a physical multicasting transmission. By taking social network structure, prediction and joint pushing and caching (JPC) into account, a closed-loop system is obtained, in which the input consists of arrivals of new content items, the control procedure is based on prediction and JPC, and the output is the cache-hit ratio (CHR). A prediction and JPC based adjustment algorithm is proposed to maximize the CHR of this system. It is shown that the prediction window, which refers to how far in the future predictions are made, and the prediction error have a significant impact on the performance of the system.
Proteasomal degradation of tau protein

Filamentous inclusions composed of the microtubule‐associated protein tau are a defining characteristic of a large number of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that tau degradation in stably transfected and non‐transfected SH‐SY5Y cells is blocked by the irreversible proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Further, we find that in vitro, natively unfolded tau can be directly processed by the 20S proteasome without a requirement for ubiquitylation, and that a highly reproducible pattern of degradation intermediates is readily detectable during this process. Analysis of these intermediates shows that 20S proteasomal processing of tau is bi‐directional, proceeding from both N‐ and C‐termini, and that populations of relatively stable intermediates arise probably because of less efficient digestion of the C‐terminal repeat region. Our results are consistent with an in vivo role for the proteasome in tau degradation and support the existence of ubiquitin‐independent pathways for the proteasomal degradation of unfolded proteins.