Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Attempt to Assess the Quantitative Impact of Institutions on Economic Growth and Economic Development

Abstract This study aims at assessing to what extent institutional environment is responsible for worldwide differences in economic growth and economic development. To answer this question, we use an innovative approach based on a new concept of the institutions-augmented Solow model which is then estimated empirically using regression equations. The analysis covers 180 countries during the 1993-2012 period. The empirical analysis confirms a large positive impact of the quality of institutional environment on the level of economic development. The positive link has been evidenced for all five institutional indicators: two indices of economic freedom (Heritage Foundation and Fraser Institute), the governance indicator (World Bank), the democracy index (Freedom House), and the EBRD transition indicator for post-socialist countries. Differences in physical capital, human capital, and institutional environment explain about 70-75% of the worldwide differences in economic development. The institutions-augmented Solow model, however, performs slightly poorer in explaining differences in the rates of economic growth: only one institutional variable (index of economic freedom) has a statistically significant impact on economic growth. In terms of originality, this paper extends the theoretical analysis of the Solow model by including institutions, on the one hand, and shows a comprehensive empirical analysis of the impact of various institutional indicators on both the level of development and the pace of economic growth, on the other. The results bring important policy implications.
OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG NURSES AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS*

: We aimed to assess the occupational stress and associated factors among nurses from public hospitals. Cross-sectional study with a sample of 185 nurses from three public hospitals in Paraná. The data were collected between November 2015 and April 2016, using a questionnaire to characterize the participants and the Job Stress Scale. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were applied. Among the participants, passive and high-demand work was predominant. The negative perception of the care support services (p=0.003), continuing education programs (p=0.007), time and opportunities to solve the care problems (p<0.001) and participation in administrative (p=0.014) increased the chances that the nurses would perceive the work as stressful. On the opposite, longer experience at the institution (p<0.001) and social support (p<0.001) were associated with lesser perceptions of exhausting work. In conclusion, the nurse’s stress was associated with factors from the work environment, mainly factors that hamper high-quality care delivery.
Plant Species Diversity of Home Gardens in El Obeid, Central Sudan

Home gardens are very common in El Obeid, but information about plant species diversity and its significance for household food supply is not available. To analyse this, cultivated plants of 81 home gardens were surveyed. The plants studied in the home gardens included those for human consumption such as fruit trees, wild fruit trees and vegetables. In total, 32 plant species were found in the study gardens. The range of species was found, because irrigation is used under semiarid conditions. However, the lack of continuous sufficient irrigation water is the main factor which prevents an increase in species number and species diversity. In general, home garden products are mainly used as supplemental food in households and not sold on local markets.
A numerical study of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a two-dimensional Coulomb or vortex gas

Recent work has cast doubt on some of the usual assumptions in the analysis of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a Coulomb or vortex gas; in particular, the well known Kosterlitz-Thouless parameter flow appears to depend on some specific and somewhat implausible assumptions. In the present paper we extend this analysis and assess recent efforts to verify the properties of this transition numerically. We find that the verification depends critically on the availability and on the specific form of a finite-size scaling; we show that several alternative models cannot be properly considered with available numerical methods, and that the validity of the finite-size scaling is doubtful; with these caveats, we find that the numerical calculation of the phase transition line in the low-density regime agrees with the predictions of the usual KT theory with surprising accuracy. Several attendant paradoxes are also discussed.
Moringa oleifera: phytochemical detection, antioxidants, enzymes and antifugal properties.

Moringa oleifera is a plant with a high biotechnology potential due to its high content of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and secondary metabolites. Some of their secondary compounds have been advocated for traditional medicinal uses. This work shows an overview of the histological organization and the composition of some biochemical components (e.g.: enzymatic inhibitors, phytochemicals, enzymatic profiles and antifungal potential) of different plant tissues. These components could be associated with the physiology and defense mechanisms of the study plant species. These activities were detected using synthetic substrates by conventional strategies based on spectrophotometrical and zymography assays. Moringa oleifera presented a typical histological array for dicotyledonous plants. According to the phytochemical assay, leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity, which could be related with their contents of phenolic compounds. Also, trypsin inhibitors were detected in different parts of the plant, indicating possible implications as defensive traits. The presence and abundance of the detected compounds could be associated with a general status of the physiology of the plant. It should be noted, however, that all components detected could be involved in plant defense mechanisms.
High Genetic Diversity for Improvement of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes for Sugar and Allied Products

Sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a cultivated sorghum recognized as potential alternative source of bio-fuel due to its high fermentable sugar content in the stalk. It provides renewable energy products, industrial commodities, food and animal feed. Sweet sorghum gene pool creation has not received much attention mainly because it was not considered to be among important crops in Kenya, and the pedigree information is scarce and incomplete. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among a collection of sweet sorghum genotypes using SSR markers. Eighty six sweet sorghum cultivars from Argentina, Brazil, Kenya (ICRISAT and Moi University), United States of America and Zambia were genotyped with 11 SSR markers that generated 86 alleles with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.53 indicating a moderate diversity with a range of 0.09~0.89. The variability among the populations was low as 3% but amounted to 22% and 75% within individual genotypes and among individuals respectively. Clustering analysis based on the genetic similarity (GS) grouped the 86 sweet sorghum genotypes into 2 distinct clusters. The study also revealed the genetic relationship of cultivars with unknown parentage to those with known parentage. Information generated from this study can be exploited to select parents for hybrid development to maximize sugar content and total biomass and for development of segregating populations to map genes controlling sugar content in sweet sorghum.
Class FH Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus) as an energy/protein source for early weaned piglets

OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1987. Directorate Agricultural economic trends. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Marketing. ADAMS, K.L. & JENSEN, A.H. , 1984. Comparative utilization of in-seed fats and the respective extracted fats by the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 59, 1557. ADAMS, K.L. & JENSEN, A.H. , 1985a. Effect of processing on the utilization by young pigs of the fat in soybeans and sunflower seeds. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 12, 267. ADAMS, K.L. & JENSEN, A.H. , 1985b. Effect of the dietary protein and fat levels on the utilization of the fat in sunflower seeds by the young pig. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 13, 159. AOAC, 1984. Official Methods of Analyses of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. BECKMAN, 1969. Model 116 Amino acid analyser instruction manual (June, 1969). Spinco division of Beckman instruments INC. Palo Alto, California 94394. COOK, D. & DINUSSON, W.E. , 1981. Quoted by Dinusson, et at. , 1982. DENNISON, C. & GOUS, R.M. , 1984. Hydrolysis conditions for the analysis for sulphur amino acids in feedstuffs. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 14, 64. DlNUSSON, W.E. , JOHNSON, J.N. , HAROLD, R.L. & ZIMPRICH, R. , 1982. Sunflower seeds in swine rations. North Dakota Farm Res. 40, 13. KEPLER, M. , LIBAL, G.W. & WAHLSTROM, c. , 1982. Sunflower seeds as a fat source in sow gestation and lactation diets. J. Anim. Sci. 55, 1082. MARCHELLO, M.J., COOK, N.K. , JOHNSON, V.K. , SLANGER, W.D. , COOK, D.K. & DlNUSSON, W.E. , 1984. Carcass quality, digestibility and feedlot performance o'f swine fed various levels of sunflower seed. J. Anim. Sci. 58, 1205. MARCHELLO, M.J., COOK, N.K. , SLANGER, W.D. , JOHNSON, V.K. , FISHER, A.G. & DlNUSSON, W.E. , 1983. Fatty acid composition of lean and fat tissue of swine fed various dietary levels of sunflower seeds. Food. Sci. 48, 1331. MILLER, N. & PRETORIUS, E. , 1985. Evaluation of the effect of processing on sunflower protein quality. Food Chemistry 17, 65. OILSEEDS BOARD, 1985. The chemical and physical composition of South African sunflower seeds produced during 1983/84. PELLETT, P.L. & YOUNG, V.R. , 1980. Nutrition evaluation of protein foods. The united Nations University World Hunger Programme. Food and Nutrition Bulletin Supplement 4. The United Nations University. SIEBRITS, F.K. & RAS, M.N. , 1981. Die gebruik van mieliegisreste in varkgroeidiete. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 11, 11. VILJOEN, J., KEMM, E.H. & RAS, M.N. , 1984. Die gedeeltelike vervanging van volvetsojaboonmeel in vroegspeendiete vir varke met alge of sonneblomoliekoekmeel. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 14, 51. WAHLSTROM, R.C. , 1985. Sunflowers in pig nutrition Pig News Inform. 6, 151. WOOD, J.D. , 1983. Fat deposition and the quality of fat tissue in meat animals. In: Fats in animal nutrition. Ed. Wiseman, Butterworths.
Processes of Multibathyal Aragonite Undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean

During three years of study (2010-2012), the western Arctic Ocean was found to have unique aragonite saturation profiles with up to three distinct aragonite undersaturation zones. This complexity is produced as inflow of Atlantic- and Pacific-derived water masses mix with Arctic-derived waters, which are further modified by physiochemical and biological processes. The shallowest aragonite undersaturation zone, from the surface to ∼ 30 m depth is characterized by relatively low alkalinity and other dissolved ions. Besides local influence of biological processes on aragonite undersaturation of shallow coastal waters, the nature of this zone is consistent with dilution by sea-ice melt and invasion of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. A second undersaturated zone at ∼ 90-220 m depth (salinity ∼31.8–35.4) occurs within the Arctic Halocline and is characterized by elevated pCO2 and nutrients. The nature of this horizon is consistent with remineralization of organic matter on shallow continental shelves bordering the Canada Basin and the input of the nutrients and CO2 entrained by currents from the Pacific Inlet. Finally, the deepest aragonite undersaturation zone is at greater than 2000 m depth and is controlled by similar processes as deep aragonite saturation horizons in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The comparatively shallow depth of this deepest aragonite saturation horizon in the Arctic is maintained by relatively low temperatures, and stable chemical composition. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of these aragonite undersaturation zones, and the timescales over which they operate will be crucial to refine predictive models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania

The pace at which cultivation is expanding in the pastoral livelihood zones accentuates the need to take a pro-active role in choosing land use practices that increase food production in areas such as Longido District where climate variability renders agricultural production uncertain, but pastoralism as the mainstay of the economy. This study used a structured questionnaire to randomly assess the perceived impact of expansion of cultivation on 165 respondents in three ecological zones, namely Lowlands, Hills, and Mountains of Longido District in Northern Tanzania. Results show that expansion of cultivation results into reduced herd-splitting, a practice that enhances niche specialization grazing land by browsers and grazers. It also leads to loss of grazing land, restricted livestock movement, and escalation of conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Considering the role pastoralism in the district, these effects are a potential threat to pasture availability, livestock productivity, and food security. To minimize the threat, it would be appropriate for the Longido District authorities, in conjunction with the communities, to establish reserves of grazing lands based on ecological zones. Such areas would have to be protected by traditional rules, coupled with village by laws that shall be strictly enforced as part of a food-security policy.
The Effect of Religiosity and Perception on Academic Cheating among Muslim Students in Indonesia

Cheating phenomenon in education is becoming worst and it is occurring at any level of education in any country. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of religious belief and behaviors directly and indirectly (through perception about cheating) on cheating behavior among Muslim students at an Islamic higher education in Semarang, Indonesia. It is hypothesized that the higher the level of students’ religiosity and the more negative their perception about cheating are, the more decline their cheating behavior. Data were collected from 239 Muslim students selected by using cluster sampling technique from those studying at Walisongo State Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia. The results of data analysis do not support the main hypothesis, but do support the minor ones. It is found that religiosity variables (belief and behavior) do not affect directly and indirectly on cheating behavior of the students. However, their perception about cheating significantly affects cheating behavior.
Are the East Asian Currencies still Misaligned? An Analysis Based on Absolute PPP-Income Relationship using Panel Data

Over 10 years after the currency crisis, the degree of exchange rate misalignment is still an issue of contention for East Asian countries. This study evaluates the degrees of currency misalignment of Korea, China, Malaysia, Thailand, the Phillipines, and Indonesia by examining absolute purchasing power parity (PPP)-income relationships using panel data. The distinction between local currency misalignments and the US dollar misalignment is stressed. The estimated misalignments in 2007 were 22.4 per cent overvaluation for the Indonesian rupiah, 12.5 per cent overvaluation for the Philippine peso, and 15.6 per cent undervaluation for the Malaysian ringgit.
Biometric Solutions for Personal Identification

With a high level of accuracy and ease of use, the technology of biometrics has the recent years gained popularity and in many cases replaced traditional identification methods based on passwords or tokens. While fingerprint matching is the most mature and most widely used technique of today, several others exist. Among these is ear recognition, which so far has received scant attention, but still has showed good results in performance. The thesis gives a general presentation of the biometric technology, with its advantages and challenges. In addition, the new and novel technology of ear recognition using thermal imagery is elaborated and discussed. An experiment of small scale, aiming to test the ability of thermal ear recognition as a method for identification, was performed. The test also considers the affect on the performance when the ear temperature varies. An EER of 20.7 % with a corresponding detection rate of 78 % was achieved when considering only ears with the same temperature. By including the applied temperature changes, an increase in the EER to 31.5 % with a corresponding detection rate of 72 % was observed. The results indicate that thermal images of the ears are not sufficiently distinguishable for use in establishing identity by itself, but it might be suitable as a supplement to other biometric techniques.
ANTLER SIZE RELATIVE TO BODY MASS IN MOOSE: TRADEOFFS ASSOCIATED WITH REPRODUCTION

Body size and age are highly correlated with antler size, fighting ability, and reproductive success in male cervids. Production of antlers requires energy above that for maintenance ofbasal functions, and is especially demanding of minerals. In addition to producing antlers, young cervids also incur the cost of completing body growth. Large-bodied males with large antlers invest more in antler development and reproduction at the expense of body condition than do young males. Young males are constrained by the need to complete body growth to attain the body size necessary to compete effectively for females when mature and, hence, invest less in antlers . We tested the hypothesis that adult male moose (A/ces alces) produced larger antlers relative to their body mass than did younger males. We used regression to compare the ratio of antler length per unit body mass (antler length: body mass) with age. Regression analysis indicated a strong curvilinear relationship (R. 2 = 0.961) between antler length per unit body mass and age. Young males invested less in antlers than older males that had reached a sufficient size to compete effectively for mates; consequently, there was a tradeoff between body growth and antler size. Young males must produce antlers to gain experience in aggressive encounters and establish dominance relationships among their cohort, although investment in antlers is less than that of mature adults. Delaying investment in mating until physically mature and able to compete for females with other large-antlered males is the most successful strategy for maximizing mating success and achieving the greatest fitness in male moose, as well as among other cervids. ALCES VOL. 36: 77-83 (2000)
TRANSVERSE ELECTRON BEAM DIAGNOSTICS AT THE VUV-FEL AT DESY

The VUV-FEL is a new free electron laser user facility at DESY. High demands on the electron beam quality require sophisticated beam diagnostics tools and methods. At the VUV-FEL the transverse distribution of the electron beam is measured using optical transition radiation (OTR) monitors and wire scanners. This paper refers concepts, analysis, and results of the transverse phase space measurements. The main emphasis is on emittance measurements, in which we have regularly measured normalized projected rms emittances around 1.4 mm mrad for 90% of a 1 nC bunch at 127 MeV beam energy.
Organizing Technological Interdependencies: A Coordination Perspective on the Firm

This paper develops a coordination perspective on the firm. The basic idea is to combine insights into the division of labor with insights into the allocation of property rights. Thus, a basic argument is that use rights over productive assets are necessary in order to accumulate the experience needed to perform improvements in production. An increase in the division of labor in production accelerates the accumulation of skills from learning by doing in production. However, an increasing division of labor introduces greater complexity and new kinds of tools and equipment, and this in turn can create uncertainty about the best way of coordinating the specialized and interdependent tasks. The result may be bottlenecks in production and uneven development of components. Experimenting with the coordination of tasks is necessary in order to eliminate these problems. However, such experimentation is best facilitated by a certain structure of property rights. Coordination by direction provides a cheap way of conducting the experiments needed to collect information on how best to coordinate interdependent activities. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.
Knowledge Management Acceptance: Success Factors amongst Small and Medium-Size Enterprises

Problem statement: The value and importance of knowledge, as seen by numerous organisations today, does without a doubt play a crucial role in the current ever-challenging and aggressive business environment. As a result, businesses that aspire to be labelled as being successful and competitive need to seek and find better ways to improve their firms’ performance. Hence, Knowledge Management (KM), which is viewed as a source of sustainable competitive advantage, has attracted the attention of various companies all over the business world, including Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. With the realisation of KM, the systematic management of organisation knowledge - a strategic corporate asset not to be taken lightly; can thus be created, transferred, shared and, utilised, in pushing for greater organisational competitiveness, innovativeness and, productivity. This research examined the success factors that help to increase the business performance of SMEs in Malaysia. Besides, it also highlighted the importance and contribution of KM amongst SMEs. Therefore, the reason behind this study is to understand and recognised the acceptance of KM and therefore further classified the success factors that contributed to the business performance outcome amongst SMEs in Malaysia. With this, the success factors observed in this research; culture; leadership; employee participation; Information and Communications Technology (ICT); organisational structure; are thoroughly investigated to explore on whether these factors have an impact on knowledge creation; knowledge transfer; knowledge sharing and knowledge utilisation; of KM processes among SMEs in Malaysia. Approach: This study aids to determined and examined the success factors; culture; leadership; employee participation; Information and Communications Technology (ICT); organisational structure; of SMEs that further influences KM processes; knowledge creation, transfer, sharing, utilisation. Results: It is hoped that SMEs with the help of this study, are able apply the success factors and KM processes as a guideline in achieving successful KM acceptance. It is anticipated that the factors proposed in this study could help businesses especially SMEs to better organise their KM initiatives, as well as to assists Malaysia in producing a superior and highly acclaimed knowledgeable society. Conclusion: The findings may be used as recommendations to SMEs that are keen in accepting and adopting KM in their daily operations. Furthermore, this study may also serve as a basis for future quantitative research studies among researchers, practitioners and professionals alike, in gaining a profound understanding of KM in sectors other than SMEs.