Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Willingness to communicate in digital and non-digital EFL contexts: scale development and psychometric testing

Abstract This study introduces a new scale of willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) in digital and non-digital EFL contexts. The psychometric testing of the revised L2 WTC (L2 WTC-R) was undertaken with 114 Indonesian EFL students by means of exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The results yielded an 11-item scale composed of three factors (L2 WTC inside the classroom, L2 WTC outside the classroom, and L2 WTC in the context of informal digital learning of English [IDLE]), with strong reliability and validity evidences. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was subsequently administered for a new sample (215 Indonesian EFL students), confirming the three-factor model that emerged from EFA. These results not only validate the existing L2 WTC scale but also expand its scale into digital settings, which will enable future research to consider another domain of L2 WTC (the IDLE context). From a real-world perspective, this can serve as a useful instrument for practitioners to gauge and foster L2 WTC levels in digital and non-digital contexts.
Transformation of the Topological Phase and the Edge Modes of Double-Bilayer Bismuthene with Inter-Bilayer Spacing

The transformations of the topological phase and the edge modes of a double-bilayer bismuthene were investigated with first-principles calculations and Green’s function as the inter-bilayer spacing increased from 0 Å to 10 Å. At a critical spacing of 2 Å, a topological phase transition from a topological insulator to a band insulator resulting from a band inversion between the highest valence band and the second lowest conduction band, was observed, and this was understood based on the particular orbital characters of the band inversion involved states. The edge modes of double-bilayer bismuthene survived the phase transition. When d was 2 Å < d < 4 Å, the interaction between the edge modes of two separated bismuthene bilayers induced an anti-crossing gap and resulted in a trivial band connection. At and beyond 4 Å, the two bilayers behavior decoupled entirely. The results demonstrate the transformability of the topological phase and the edge modes with the inter-bilayer spacing in double-bilayer bismuthene, which may be useful for spintronic applications.
The Effect of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles on the Antibacterial Property and Shear Bond Strength of Dental Composite

Background: Although the mechanical properties of composite resin for orthodontic bonding have been improved substantially, their antibacterial properties are still limited. Various researchers have attempted to reduce plaque accumulation on composite adhesive material by incorporation of bactericidal agents. Silver has a significant antimicrobial activity and is effective against streptococci of the human oral cavity so it might be useful as an antibacterial agent incorporated into composite resin especially when applied in nanometer sizes. Thus the aim of this study is to evaluate if the addition of silver oxide nanoparticles at various proportions with orthodontic bonding resin as to influence their antibacterial properties and to evaluate if the addition of silver oxide nanoparticles at various proportions with orthodontic bonding resin will affect their shear bond strength. Methodology: This study was done on one control group and two experimental groups. The control group consisted of Transbond XT and the two experimental group consisted of Transbond XT with 5% Silver oxide Nanoparticles and Transbond XT with 10% Silver oxide Nanoparticles respectively. Each group containing 10 specimens was subjected to antibacterial activity tested on Streptococcus mutans. For the antibacterial testing disk diffusion assay method was used. 30 Composite discs were made using molds each group containing 10 Composite discs. Similarly each group containing 10 specimens was subjected to shear bond strength testing using Instron universal testing machine For shear bond strength testing 30 tooth were bonding, 10 tooth in each group and were assessed for shear bond strength. The results were analyzed using one way ANOVA test and Pearson comparison. Results: A statistically significant difference is found in the antibacterial activity and shear bond strength of the samples compared. The group containing Transbond XT with 10% Silver oxide Nanoparticles was found to have the highest antibacterial activity followed by group containing Transbond XT with 5% Silver oxide Nanoparticles and the least with the control group which contained only Transbond XT. The results for the shear bond strength showed that incorporation of silver oxide nanoparticles decreases the shear bond strength of composite resin. Incorporation of silver oxide nanoparticles containing 5% of silver reduces the bond strength to a level comparable to the control group. Further increasing the amount of silver nanoparticles to the 10% level demonstrates a decline in the shear bond strength. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the addition of Silver oxide Nanoparticles to Transbond XT composite significantly inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Whereas increasing the amount of particles to 10% has an undesirable effect on shear bond strength when compared to the control group.
HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA FISIK, FREKUENSI OLAHRAGA, LAMA TIDUR, WAKTU ISTIRAHAT DAN WAKTU KERJA DENGAN KELELAHAN KERJA (Studi kasus pada pekerja Laundry Bagian Produksi Di CV.X Tembalang, Semarang)

Fatigue is a feeling of fatigue that results in a decrease in mental and physical performance. The usual fatigue is a problem with lack, interest, and even decreased capacity. Fatigue in workers can reduce alertness and cause accidents. The current variable is working. While the independent variables are workload, exercise, sleep, rest time and work time. The purpose of this study is to Analyze Physical Work Relationships, Frequency of Sports, Sleep Length, Rest Time and Fatigue Working Time Working on Production Laundry Laundry Workers at CV. X Tembalang, Semarang. This type of research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional study approach. This research instrument uses IFRC questionnaire. The sample in the study were 36 production workers with total sampling method. The prevalence measurement results were 80.6%. Based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical test, it shows that the independent variables are freely variable, namely between work with workload (p = 0,000), exercise frequency (p = 0,003), bedroom (p = 0,005), rest time (p = 0.005) and work time (p = 0.003). Suggestions for parties are as much as one minute for 1-2 minutes every 30 minutes of work and a minimum rest of 30 minutes after 4 hours of work to avoid tension and work that allows to optimize and ensure that the time needed to work can be reduced.
On the design of Group Decision Processes for Electronic Meeting Rooms

This paper reports a set of experiments motivated by the observation that the design of group decision processes is crucial to the success of electronic meeting room usage. Decision processes can be designed with more emphasis either on exchanging meanings (discussing issues) or exchanging artefacts (gene rating and structuring topics). Our problem is that, given a particular case to be discussed in an electronic meeting room, we do not know how to design the meeting for best performance. The paper builds a framework for studying this problem based on the n otion of communication mode. The experiments already made confirm that quality of results varies when different communication modes are used and show that meetings that do not exchange meanings result in solutions with inferior quality.
The 2014–15 Financial Crisis in Russia and the Foundations of Weak Monetary Power Autonomy in the International Political Economy

ABSTRACT This article contributes to international political economy debates about the monetary power autonomy (MPA) of emerging market and developing countries (EMDs). The 2014–15 Russian financial crisis is used as a case study to explore why an accumulation of large international reserves does not provide protection against currency crises and macroeconomic adjustments in EMDs. The analysis centres on the interplay between two dimensions of MPA: the Power to Delay and the Power to Deflect adjustment costs. Two structural factors condition Russia’s low MPA. First, the country’s subordinated integration in global financial markets increases its financial vulnerability. The composition of external assets and liabilities, combined with cross-border capital flows, restrict the use of international reserves to delay currency crises. Second, the choice of a particular macroeconomic policy regime embraced the financialisation of the – mainly state-owned – Russian banking sector, thus making it difficult to transform liquidity inflows into credits for enterprises. Russia’s main comparative advantage, hydrocarbon export revenues, is not exploited. The type of economy created due to the post-Communist transition means that provided ‘excessive’ liquidity remains in the financial system and is channelled into currency arbitrage. This factor increases exchange rate vulnerability and undermines Russia’s MPA.
FACTORS AFFECTING AGROFORESTRY FARMERS’ CAPACITY SURROUNDING NATIONAL PARK

The rural communities living around the National Park are generally farmers. They are less empowered and classified as poor. This is due to the relatively low capacity of farmers. In order to be more empowered, the farmers need to improve their capacity. This study aimed to analyze the factors that directly and indirectly affect the capacity building of agroforestry farmers around the National Park. This study was conducted in Kuningan and Majalengka districts of West Java Province for four months, from July to October 2017. Sampling technique used was random sampling with cluster location was agroforestry Forest Farmer Group (FFG) in the buffer zone of Gunung Ciremai National Park. The sample size was 310 members of agroforestry Forest Farmer Group. The results showed that the capacity of agroforestry farmers around the National Park was low. This is due to the low level of formal education, farming experience, cosmopolitan level, and narrow farmland of farmers. It is also caused by low environmental support factors (economic accessibility, ecological conditions, FFG role) and low participation of farmers in agroforestry both economically and socially.
Multilevel Modulation and Transmission in VCSEL-based Short-range Fiber Optic Links

As the demand for ever higher throughput short-range optical links is growing, research and industry associations have shown increased interest in multilevel modulation formats, such as the four leveled pulse amplitude modulation, referred to as 4-PAM. As on-off keying (OOK) persists to be the choice for low latency applications, for example high performance computing, datacenter operators see 4-PAM as the next format to succeed current OOK-based optical interconnects. Throughput can be increased in many ways: parallel links can be deployed, multicore fibers can be used or more efficient modulation formats with digital signal processing is an alternative. Therefore, to improve link data rates, the introduction of new modulation formats and pre-emphasis are primarily considered in this thesis. In a bandwidth-limited link, turning towards spectrally efficient formats is one of the methods to overcome the bandwidth requirements of OOK. Such are the considerations when opting for 3-PAM or 4-PAM schemes. Both require lower bandwidth than OOK and are potential candidates in such scenarios. 4-PAM provides double spectral efficiency and double data rate at the same symbol rate as on-off keying, but, as with any technology transition, new challenges emerge, such as a higher SNR requirement, a lower tolerance to VCSEL nonlinearities and skewing of the signal in the time domain. 3-PAM could potentially be an in-between solution, as it requires 33% less bandwidth than OOK and is less sensitive to VCSEL dynamics which could impair the transmission. A study is presented where 3-PAM has outperformed both OOK and 4-PAM in the same link. Detailed investigation of legacy 25G class VCSELs has shown that devices with moderate damping are suitable for the transition to 4-PAM. The pre-emphasis of signals is a powerful tool to increase link bandwidth at the cost of modulation amplitude. This has been investigated in this thesis for on-off keying and has shown 9% and 27% increase in bit rate for error-free operation with two pre-emphasis approaches. Similarly, pre-emphasis of a 4-PAM electrical signals has enabled 71.8 Gbps transmission back-to-back with lightweight forward error correction and 94 Gbps net data rate was achieved with the same pre-emphasis and post-processing using an offline least-mean-square equalizer.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Ventral Hippocampal Inputs to the Basolateral Amygdala Selectively Control Generalized Fear

A common symptom of anxiety disorders is the overgeneralization of fear across a broad range of contextual cues. We previously found that the ACC and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) regulate generalized fear. Here, we investigate the functional projections from the ACC and vHPC to the amygdala and their role in governing generalized fear in a preclinical rodent model. A chemogenetic approach (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) was used to inhibit glutamatergic projections from the ACC or vHPC that terminate within the BLA at recent (1 d) or remote (28 d) time points after contextually fear conditioning male mice. Inactivating ACC or vHPC projections to the BLA significantly reduced generalized fear to a novel, nonthreatening context but had no effect on fear to the training context. Further, our data indicate that the ACC-BLA circuit supports generalization in a time-independent manner. We also identified, for the first time, a strictly time-dependent role of the vHPC-BLA circuit in supporting remote generalized contextual fear. Dysfunctional signaling to the amygdala from the ACC or the HPC could underlie overgeneralized fear responses that are associated with anxiety disorders. Our findings demonstrate that the ACC and vHPC regulate fear expressed in novel, nonthreatening environments via projections to the BLA but do so as a result of training intensity or time, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Anxiety disorders are characterized by a common symptom that promotes overgeneralization of fear in nonthreatening environments. Dysregulation of the amygdala, ACC, or hippocampus (HPC) has been hypothesized to contribute to increased fear associated with anxiety disorders. Our findings show that the ACC and HPC projections to the BLA regulate generalized fear in nonthreatening, environments. However, descending ACC projections control fear generalization independent of time, whereas HPC projections play a strictly time-dependent role in regulating generalized fear. Thus, dysfunctional ACC/HPC signaling to the BLA may be a predominant underlying mechanism of nonspecific fear associated with anxiety disorders. Our data have important implications for predictions made by theories about aging memories and interactions between the HPC and cortical regions.
Development of a Hybridized Diversity Combiner over Nakagami Fading Channel

Wireless communication system is of paramount importance in the world of telecommunication infrastructure and is expected to be a leading role in the development of a nation. However, the system is characterized by multipath propagation effects that lead to variability of the received signal thereby degrading the performance. Equal Gain Combiner (EGC) being used to address this problem is associated with hardware complexity that result in long processing time, while Threshold Combiner (TC) with low processing time has poor performance. Hence, in this paper, a hybridized Diversity Combiner (DC) consisting of EGC and TC, (TC-EGC) with a closed form expression over Nakagami fading channel is developed. TC-EGC is derived using the conventional EGC and TC at the receiver. Randomly generated bits used as source data are modulated using M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) and transmitted over Nakagami channel after filtering. The faded signals generated at varying paths ‘L’ (2, 3, 4) are scanned by TC to select the strongest paths. The outputs from the three TCs are combined by EGC to obtain the received signal which is converted to baseband through demodulation. A mathematical expression using the Probability Density Function (PDF) of Nakagami fading channel at varying paths ‘L’ for Outage Probability (OP) is also derived. The technique is simulated using Matrix Laboratory (version 7.2). The performance is evaluated using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Outage Probability (OP) and Processing Time (PT). The study shows that the TC-EGC gives lower OP and PT values when compared with conventional EGC and TC, with reduction in hardware complexity. The TC-EGC developed can be used to enhance the performance of wireless communication system.
Iterative receivers for multiuser space-time coding systems

In this paper, by drawing analogies between a synchronous CDMA system and an STC multiuser system, we study the applications of some multiuser detection methods to STC multiuser systems. Specifically, we show that the so-called "turbo multiuser detection" technique, which performs soft interference cancellation and decoding iteratively, can be applied to STC multiuser systems in Rayleigh flat-fading channels. An iterative multiuser receiver are developed for both the space-time block coding (STBC) system and the space-time trellis coding (STCC) system. During iterations, extrinsic information computed and exchanged between a soft multiuser demodulator and a bank of MAP decoders, to achieve successively refined estimates of the users' signals. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed iterative receiver techniques provide significant performance improvement over conventional non-iterative methods in both single-user and multiuser STC systems. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed iterative multiuser receiver approaches that of the iterative single-user receiver in both STBC and STTC systems.
Interaction of Fluometuron and MSMA with Sethoxydim and Fluazifop

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tank-mixing fluometuron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] urea} or MSMA (monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid) with sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} or the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy] phenoxy] propanic acid} on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tolerance and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA] control. Postemergence (over-the-top) application of 1.7 kg ai/ha of fluometuron reduced cotton lint yield 17 to 23% in three of four tests. No yield reduction resulted from postemergence application of 1.1 kg ae/ha of MSMA. Tank-mixing 0.1 or 0.2 kg ai/ha of sethoxydim or 0.1 or 0.2 kg ae/ha of fluazifop with fluometuron or MSMA did not alter the effect of fluometuron or MSMA on cotton yield. Tank mixtures of 1.1 to 2.2 kg/ha of fluometuron plus sethoxydim or fluazifop were antagonistic. No antagonism was observed when fluometuron was applied 3 days before or 6 h following sethoxydim or fluazifop application. Tank-mixing 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha of MSMA with sethoxydim or fluazifop initially reduced control of large crabgrass. Antagonism was not observed at 4 weeks after tank-mix application of MSMA plus sethoxydim, and was observed in only one of three experiments 4 weeks following tank-mix application of MSMA plus fluazifop. When antagonism was observed with tank mixtures of fluazifop plus MSMA, sequential application of MSMA 1 to 7 days before application of fluazifop did not overcome the antagonism. No antagonism occurred when MSMA was applied 6 or more hours after fluazifop application.
Advances in electrohydrodynamic conduction pumping

A detailed review of progress-to-date in the field of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping is presented. Analytical, numerical, and experimental research studies that have been published in this field are summarized and a detailed scientific overview of the conduction pumping model is provided. Applications are also presented in which conduction pumping has been investigated successfully to resolve several commonplace issues relating to pumping, flow-distribution, and heat transfer.
Neurocommunicative methodologies: attention and emotion of the audiovisual story in the classroom

Audiovisual content as a learning tool has been incorporated extensively into lecture classes. Emotion-cognition is intrinsic to the functioning of the human brain, and therefore can explain the acquisition of knowledge and competencies in the educational field, and more specifically, the transformative impact on digital natives. Advances in the study of the brain have allowed for quantitative measurement of attentional (EDL) and emotional (EDR) terms. The objective of this article is to analyze and evaluate the correlation between attention and emotion during the viewing of two videos shown in a classroom in the academic space of a university. The method consisted of recording the electrodermal activity of various groups of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising and Public Relations students during the viewing of the two audiovisual stories. The main results and conclusions link characteristics of the audiovisual narrative and technical-expressive qualities and objectives of the videos with the levels of EDL and EDR recorded by the device and establish advanced lines of research in the field of neuroeducation and neurocommunication.
Review and analysis of vehicle stability models during floods and proposal for future improvements

Flood water can affect vehicles significantly, which in turn can increase the negative effects of floods as vehicles are washed away by the flow and become a form of debris. In cities, most fatalities during floods occur inside vehicles. Consequently, it is necessary to establish thresholds for vehicle stability during this type of event to provide information necessary for flood risk management. This article analyses the available stability models developed over recent years to determine such thresholds. The stability models were grouped according to the way in which they approached car watertightness and the stability thresholds proposed by each of them were compared. It was found that these thresholds vary over a relatively wide range. Additionally, the experimental data were compared with the results provided by these studies leading to the conclusion that several of the stability models analysed do not fit measured data well. New research is required to overcome the simplifications made by the state‐of‐the‐art models and to try to standardise the decision criteria which should be adopted to define stability thresholds for vehicles of different characteristics.