Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dialogue on the sports training theories in professional and scientific periodicals

The purpose of a scientific dialogue is to overcome existing problems, participate responsibly, and find out the real nature of an issue, rather than to „be enclosed within a room” with one theory studying one theory until its ultimate purpose is revealed. The dialogue preceded by a problem presented in a sincere and „risky” way and followed by a responsible attempt to solve the presented problem can be considered the true scientific dialogue. Establishing the criteria for conducting a dialogue may be relevant for discovering the reality in a scientific discipline. The dialogue on the sports training theories has been ongoing and the main aim of this paper was to overcome the problems related to the „rival theories” the traditional theory of sports training versus the theory of the sports training block periodization. A weakness of the current dialogue on the sports training theories is a small number of the criteria on which the discussion on the „rival theories” is based. The dialogue should be conducted repeatedly in order to find a more tolerant attitude towards the other/different or in order to strengthen the already existing opinion.
Production of Probiotic Doogh Enriched with Red Ginseng Extract

Nowadays, Ginseng is used in production of functional foods because of its beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of cancers, diabetes, central nervous system disorders, etc. Ginsenosides, the largest and most prominent compounds in Ginseng, are responsible for the known health effects of Ginseng plant. The present study aimed to produce a functional beverage and evaluate the quality characteristics of this health beverage. The effects of adding red Ginseng extract at different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g L) on pH, titratable acidity, color values, the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and overall acceptability of probiotic Doogh containing mint powder (1 g L) were investigated during 21-day storage at 4oC. The results showed that with increasing the level of red Ginseng extract up to 2 g L, no significant difference was observed in the pH and titratable acidity of probiotic Doogh samples (P> 0.05); color values of the Doogh samples changed significantly (P< 0.05); viability of the probiotic bacteria increased significantly (P< 0.05); and the overall acceptability decreased significantly (P< 0.05). In general, Doogh sample containing 1 g L red Ginseng extract gained the highest overall acceptability score in comparison with the other samples.
Bank Asset Reallocation and Sovereign Debt

This paper examines how banks around the world have resized and reallocated their earning assets in response to the subprime and sovereign debt crises. We also focus on the interaction between sovereign debt and the asset allocation process. We find that banks have readjusted asset shares and the overall regulatory credit risk by substituting government securities for loans. Furthermore, they have been sensitive to variables of direct interest to the regulator and the supervisor, a result that is consistent with high-debt governments having exerting moral suasion on banks to favor the purchase of government securities over loans to the private sector.
Examining the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence in senior level managers

Investigates whether emotional intelligence measured by the Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test predicted transformational, transactional and laissez‐faire leadership styles measured by the multifactor leadership questionnaire in 110 senior level managers. Effective leaders were identified as those who reported transformational rather than transactional behaviours. Emotional intelligence correlated highly with all components of transformational leadership, with the components of understanding of emotions (external) and emotional management the best predictors of this type of leadership style. The utility of emotional intelligence testing in leadership selection and development is discussed.
Code Glosses in Academic Writing: The Comparison of Iranian and Native Authors

One of the challenges of academic writing is the creation of a structurally and communicatively well-organized and coherent text. Metadiscourse enables authors of journal articles to achieve this goal by raising the writers‘ awareness about discourse features which can contribute to a better academic content production. Also, L1 background has always been a hot topic in applied linguistics and native versus non-native comparisons have been of particular interest in this field. The purpose of this study was to see whether native English speakers and Iranians use code glosses as a sub-category of metadiscourse similarly in their academic writings. To this end, the introduction section of 30 journal articles written by native and Iranian non-native English authors were investigated and the number of code-glosses in each group was counted and analyzed. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the research question of this study. The result of data analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the frequency count of code glosses used by Iranian and native English authors. This study can have pedagogical implications for EAP course designers as well as academic writing instructors and students.
The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate-Aluminum Propellants in Presence of Metallic Zinc Particles

The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with Al and Zn metallic particles was studied at different heating rates in dry air atmosphere and the combustion behavior of AP/Al/Zn propellant was evaluated. The exothermic reaction kinetics was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) in non-isothermal conditions and compare with the thermal decomposition of pure AP and AP/aluminum particles analyzed in the same experimental conditions. The Arrhenius parameters were estimated according to the Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The calculated activation energies for the low and high temperature exothermic reactions were 91 and 229 kJ/mol for pure AP, 90 and 112 kJ/mol for 80 wt% AP/20 wt% Al particles. When zinc was incorporated, activation energy of 56 kJ/mol was determined for the only exothermic peak observed for 90 wt% AP/10 wt% Zn and 44 kJ/mol for 78.4 wt% AP/19.6 wt% Al/2 wt% Zn propellant composition.
Exploitation of Fallen Diaspores by Ants: Are there Ant–Plant Partner Choices?

Ants frequently interact with fleshy fallen diaspores (fruits or seeds) not adapted for ant‐dispersal. Such interactions are usually considered as opportunistic, but recent evidence has indicated that these ants may differ in their effects on diaspore survival and plant recruitment. We investigated if partner choices are recognizable among genera of ants and plants, and if ant and plant traits may influence such preferences in cerrado (savanna‐like vegetation) from southeast Brazil. During a 2‐yr period, 521 ant–diaspore interactions were recorded through various methods, yielding 71 ant species and 38 plant species. Exploitation of fallen diaspores was common among several ant genera, and included carnivorous, omnivorous, and fungivorous ants. Contrary to others areas around the world, where true myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) is common among shrubs, ants also exploited diaspores from several cerrado trees. Plant life form, diaspore size, and ant body size did not seem to explain the pattern of interactions observed. Two subsets of preferential interactions, however, segregated fungivorous ants from another group composed of carnivorous and omnivorous ants, probably influenced by the chemical composition of the plant diaspores. Omnivorous ants usually remove the fleshy portion of diaspores on spot and probably provide limited benefits to plants. Carnivorous and fungivorous ants usually remove the whole diaspore to the nest. As each of these ant groups may influence the fitness of diaspores in different ways, there are possible subtle pathways for the evolution of partner choices between ants and these non‐myrmecochorous diaspores.
Assessment of intra and inter species variation in antioxidant composition and activity in marginalized Fonio millet (Digitaria spp.)

Fonio (Digitaria spp.) is a highly nutritious, health promoting and cheaply available cereal which is, however, marginalized in many parts of Nigeria, and research attention on the crop is yet to measure up to its usefulness as a dietary staple. In this study therefore, five accessions each of two common species (Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua) were assessed for intra and inter- species variation in antioxidant activities. Total phenols were higher (p<0.05) in D. iburua than D. exilis accessions (0.64 to 1.59 and 0.43 to 0.63 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 specimen, respectively). D. iburua accessions scavenged 50% of stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with greater potency (EC50 = 0.278 to 0.816 mg/mL) compared to D. exilis accessions (0.916 to 2.325 mg/ml). D. iburua accessions further showed higher (p<0.05) 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging potency (6.939 to 8.677 trolox equivalents) than D. exilis accessions (0.365 to 6.070 trolox equivalents). Total antioxidant capacity of D. iburua accessions ranged from 17.76 to 27.44 ascorbic acid equivalents, and was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of D. exilis (8.69 to 15.80 ascorbic acid equivalents). Correlation analysis revealed that antioxidant activity of the fonio accessions was significantly associated with their total phenols content, but had little association with extract yields. Taken together, the study results provide evidence that fonio grains contain useful antioxidants, which varied significantly within and across species. Optimum antioxidant benefits in fonio would be derived more from D. iburua than D. exilis. However, environmental influence on antioxidant activity of the crop could also be prevalent, given the observed significant variation among accessions of both species. Key words: Antioxidant, accessions, fonio, Digitaria iburua, Digitaria exilis, variation
Religious Competition and Revival in Italy: Exploring European Exceptionalism

The religious economy approach in the social scientific study of religion emphasizes the importance of supply-side factors in stimulating religious demand. Where many religious firms compete in a relatively unregulated market, levels of religious belief and participation will be far higher than in situations in which religious life is regulated by the state either in favor of a monopoly church or to constrain the market by subsidizing a state church and making it difficult for other religious groups to compete. Changes in the level of competition should thus be followed by changes in the level of popular religious commitment. This prediction is strongly supported when applied to recent religious trends in Italy.
SUBMILLIMETER-HCN DIAGRAM FOR ENERGY DIAGNOSTICS IN THE CENTERS OF GALAXIES

Compiling data from literature and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archive, we show enhanced HCN(4–3)/HCO+(4–3) and/or HCN(4–3)/CS(7–6) integrated intensity ratios in circumnuclear molecular gas around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) compared to those in starburst (SB) galaxies (submillimeter HCN enhancement). The number of sample galaxies is significantly increased from our previous work. We expect that this feature could potentially be an extinction-free energy diagnostic tool of nuclear regions of galaxies. Non-LTE radiative transfer modelings of the above molecular emission lines involving both collisional and radiative excitation, as well as a photon trapping effect, were conducted to investigate the cause of the high line ratios in AGNs. As a result, we found that enhanced abundance ratios of HCN to HCO+ and HCN to CS in AGNs as compared to SB galaxies by a factor of a few to even ≳10 are a plausible explanation for the submillimeter HCN enhancement. However, a counterargument of a systematically higher gas density in AGNs than in SB galaxies can also be a plausible scenario. Although we cannot fully distinguish these two scenarios at this moment owing to an insufficient amount of multi-transition, multi-species data, the former scenario is indicative of abnormal chemical composition in AGNs. Regarding the actual mechanism to realize the composition, we suggest that it is difficult with conventional gas-phase X-ray-dominated region ionization models to reproduce the observed high line ratios. We might have to take into account other mechanisms such as neutral–neutral reactions that are efficiently activated in high-temperature environments and/or mechanically heated regions to further understand the high line ratios in AGNs.
Improved reliability of AlGaN / GaNon-Si high electron mobility transistors ( HEMTs ) with high density Si 36 N 64 passivation

We have systematically studied the effects of SixN1-x passivation density on the reliability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. Upon stressing, devices degrade in two stages, fast-mode degradation and followed by slow-mode degradation. Both degradations can be explained as different stages of pit formation at the gate-edge. Fast-mode degradation is caused by pre-existing oxygen at SixN1-x /AlGaN interface. It is not significantly affected by the SixN1-x density. On the other hand, slow-mode degradation is associated with SixN1-x degradation. SixN1-x degrades through electric-field induced oxidation in discrete locations along the gate-edges. The size of these degraded locations ranged from 100 to 300 nm from the gate edge. There are about 16 degraded locations per 100 m gate-width. In each degraded location, low density nano-globes are formed within the SixN1-x. Because of the low density of the degraded locations, oxygen can diffuse through these areas and oxidize the AlGaN/GaN to form pits. This slow-mode degradation can be minimized by using high density ( = 2.48 gr/cm) Si36N64 as the passivation layer. For slow-mode degradation, the median time to failure of devices with high density passivation is found to increase up to 2X as compared to the low density ( = 2.25 gr/cm) Si43N57 passivation. A model based on Johnson-Mehl-Avrami theory is proposed to explain the kinetics of pit formation. Corresponding author *clgan@ntu.edu. sg Tel: +6567906220, +65 6790 6821 Preference: Oral Presentation Improved reliability of AlGaN/GaN-on-Si high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with high density Si36N64 passivation W.A. Sasangka, G.J. Syaranamual, Y. Gao, R.I Made, C.L. Gan and C.V. Thompson
Metallothionein in the pond perch Diplectrum radiale (Teleostei) as a biomarker of pollution in Guanabara Bay estuary, Brazil

Guanabara Bay is a semi-closed tropical bay located in the center of metropolitan Rio de Janeiro. The ecological integrity of this system has a spatial gradient, with better environmental conditions near the mouth than in the inner bay. The objectives of this study were to monitor the exposure of the pond perch Diplectrum radiale (Perciformes; Serranidae) to metal pollution, using metallothionein as a specific biomarker, and to detect spatial differences in metal contamination in this large water body. The effects of biological factors (allometric condition factor, size, weight, and reproductive stage) and spatial variations on MT levels were also investigated among sampling sites. The results revealed intraspecific sources of variation influencing MT expression. Therefore, it was not possible to use MT as a sensitive biomarker to distinguish heavy metal pollution among sites within this bay. The spatial heterogeneity of metal bioavailability and the probable mobility of individual fish contributed to those findings. However, the pond perch can still be considered a good target organism to evaluate the effects of metal contamination through comparison with other estuarine ecosystems on the Brazilian coast. Key words: estuary, Guanabara Bay, metallothionein, teleost
When Equipment Misbehaves: Severe Respiratory Acidosis Resulting from a Compromised Coaxial Circuit

The construction of a coaxial circle breathing circuit encloses the inspiratory limb within the expiratory limb to preserve heat, humidity, anesthetic gas, and oxygen. However, the construction also makes kinks or breaks in the enclosed inspiratory limb difficult to detect. With kinking or disconnection of the central inspiratory limb, the patient may rebreathe expiratory gases, leading to a significant increase in dead space and concomitant respiratory acidosis. We describe a clinical case in which a disconnection in the inner inspiratory limb of a King (King Circuits, Noblesville, IN) coaxial breathing circuit resulted in severe respiratory acidosis 4 hours after induction during a craniotomy for tumor resection. Similar cases have been reported in the literature [1-3], but this one differs in the timing of the rebreathing and respiratory acidosis. Therefore, anesthetic providers who are aware that coaxial circuit failures associated with the inspiratory limb can occur at any time during surgery will be in a position to identify the problem early, thereby limiting the degree of respiratory acidosis that develops and reducing the risk of associated complications.
Neonatal mortality, cold weather, and socioeconomic status in two northern Italian rural parishes, 1820–1900

Background: Cold-related conditions represent one of the most common causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The effects of cold external temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition recently have attracted scholarly interest. Objective: First, we aim to study the effects of cold temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition, focusing on two Italian rural parishes between 1820 and 1900. Second, we aim to assess whether the effects vary according to socioeconomic status (SES), especially among the most vulnerable social groups. Methods: We apply logistic regression and discrete-time event history analysis using micro-data from parish registers and daily records of external temperature. Results: The risk of death during the first month of life varied according to external temperature’s variation and to socioeconomic status, demonstrating that neonates born to landless rural labourers generally suffered a higher neonatal mortality risk during winter and, more specifically; in case of low temperature at the childbirth during coldest months. Conclusions: The risk of neonatal death increased as external temperatures decreased. The clear influence of temperature on the day of birth suggests that low temperatures on the day of birth exerted a fundamental scarring effect on children’s survival. We also find significant differences in neonatal mortality by SES, resulting in more pronounced effects from season and temperature in rural proletarian families. The results show that during the second half of the 19th century characterised by intense socioeconomic transformations, rural proletarians experienced a clear worsening of living conditions. Contribution: The results show that during the second half of the nineteenth century characterised by intense socio-economic transformations, rural proletarians experienced a clear worsening of living conditions.
Comparative Study of Degree of Low GradeChronic Inflammatory Status in FreshlyDiagnosed Type 1 with Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Low grade inflammatory condition which is predominately cytokine-mediated is observed to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as well as role this inflammatory condition cannot be ruled out in involvement in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Since maximum world populations are at high risk of developing diabetes, we tested this hypothesis by estimating circulating acute phase proteins in freshly diagnosed type 2 (T-2) as well as type1(T-1) diabetic patients. The acute phase proteins, α1antitrypsin, α1acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen were estimated in the plasma in freshly diagnosed twenty-five T-2 cases and twelve T-1cases. Thirty normal controls to match the age and sex of the test groups were also studied. The levels of these proteins were correlated with their BMI and random plasma glucose values. In comparison with the controls, the values of all the four proteins studied were significantly elevated in the T-2 patients (p<00001). In case of T-1 patient level of ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen are significantly elevated. Interestingly, no correlation was found with BMI or the degree of hyperglycemia in either of the types. A low-grade inflammatory process is definitely implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Same can be ruled out in type-1 diabetic patients also. The comparative study of the states of all these inflammatory markers in case of T-2 and T-1 patients is of interest in this present study.
VEGETATION, SOILS, AND HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGY OF RIPARIAN PATCH TYPES OF A DRYLAND RIVER

Abstract From a landscape perspective, riparian corridors can be viewed as mosaics of vegetation patches. We delineated 10 patch types within the floodplain of the San Pedro River (Arizona) on the basis of physiognomy, dominant overstory species, and tree size class; and we assessed differences in hydrogeomorphology, vegetation structure, plant species richness, and soil chemistry and texture. Patches of tamarisk (Tamarix), an introduced species, fell within the continuum of variation shown by other patch types in the landscape mosaic. Among the tree-dominated types, cottonwood-willow (Populus-Salix) and tamarisk patches were inundated more frequently than mesquite (Prosopis) patches, while cottonwood-willow patches had shallower groundwater than tamarisk or mesquite patches. Due to the wetter conditions, cottonwood-willow patches had a high relative abundance of wetland and exotic species in the understory. Tamarisk patches and wet shrublands (Baccharis salicifolia–Salix exigua) had high woody stem densities while cottonwood-willow patches had dense canopy cover. In association with differences in canopy cover, cottonwood-willow patches had low herbaceous species richness but high woody species richness, while tamarisk patches had high herbaceous and low woody species richness. Soil electrical conductivity, silt content, organic matter content, and available phosphorus increased from young to old stands of both tamarisk and cottonwood-willow, often resulting in greater differences between patches of different size/age class than between patches with different dominant species. Surface soil salinity (electrical conductivity) was low in all patches, including those dominated by tamarisk. Nitrate was abundant in soils of tamarisk patches (perhaps reflecting their high clay content) and wet shrubland patches. Dry shrublands (Hymenoclea-Ericameria) and wet shrublands were similar to young forest patches in having coarse soils with little organic matter.