Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a syndrome characterized by frequent episodes of obstructed breathing during sleep, associated with oxygen desaturation, sleep fragmentation, and symptoms of loud snoring and sleepiness. This syndrome has been recognized with increasing frequency in both general and clinical populations. Estimates of its prevalence vary according to the definitions and monitoring approaches used to identify SDB. The overall prevalence of the syndrome is thought to vary from minimal es timates of 2% to upper levels that exceed 50%. Prevalence is particularly high in certain subgroups: males, obese individuals, those with underlying comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, metabolic abnormalities, etc.), people with a family his tory of sleep apnea, and those with anatomic compromise of their upper airway. SDB also varies markedly with age, with marked increases in SDB with older age. The high preva lence of the syndrome, in conjunction with a myriad of associated health effects, suggests that SDB may contribute to substantial morbidity in the population.
Knowledge of Physiotherapy: A Study of Ishikawa High School Students

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how senior high school students' knowledge of physiotherapy is acquired and their possible view of physiotherapy as a career. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Two non-vocational senior high schools in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred and twenty-three students with a scholastic deviation value of more than 60. METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire in a closed-question format was used to survey the students' accuracy of knowledge and sources of information about physiotherapy. MAIN RESULTS: The science students and healthcare-aspiring students were more knowledgeable about physiotherapy compared to the literary and non-healthcare aspiring students with a mean score of 4.3, ranging from 0 to 11. Instruction in exercises (51%) was shown to be the most accurate, and intensive therapy (6%) was the least accurate. Television, one's own experience as a client, and career literature or pamphlets were the most cited sources of information. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Only half of the 619 students were aware of physiotherapy. This is partly due to the fact that the profession of physiotherapy has become commonly regarded as medical rehabilitation instead of one of the branches of therapeutics. Eighty-five per cent of the respondents indicated their aspiration to have a career, so acquisition of appropriate information on careers during high school days is important. Therefore, knowledge of physiotherapy conveyed by physiotherapists and the mass media to senior high school students should be improved in its accuracy of content.
A Comparative Study Following Single-Dose Versus Three-Dose Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis In Clean Elective Surgical Cases

Background: Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is directed towards the most likely pathogens encountered during the surgical procedure. The type of operative procedure is helpful in deciding the appropriate antibiotic spectrum. Aim & objective: Evaluate and compare the outcomes following single-dose versus three-dose perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean elective surgical cases. Methodology: 200 patients undergoing clean elective surgery were divided in two groups based on odd and even registration numbers.The studyGroup I received a single dose of injection cefotaxime (30 mg/kg/dose) half an hour prior to start of surgery.Group II received three doses of antimicrobial agent and the follow up was done till 1 month following surgery for Surgical Site Infection. Data were analyzed using Chi square test and Fischer exact test in SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 100 patients included in the study in each group, 3 patients (3%) in single dose group and 4 patients (4%) in three dose group developed SSI within 30 days of surgery. Discussion: Indiscriminate use of antibiotics is discouraged because it may lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of organisms or serious hypersensitivity reactions.
Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs

The adulteration and careless manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by globalization. The US Food and Drug Administration commissioned the Institute of Medicine to investigate the global problem of falsified and substandard drugs, considering the causes and possible solutions to this international public health crisis. In its consensus report, the committee identified two main categories of drug quality failures of public health concern. Falsified drugs carry a false representation of identity or source; substandard drugs fail to meet the specifications set in the national pharmacopeia or the manufacturer’s dossier. In practice, these categories overlap, but they are sufficiently precise for public discourse. It is difficult to measure the global market for falsified and substandard drugs, but there is good evidence that they are a problem in poor countries with weak drug regulatory systems. All classes of drugs are compromised, especially inexpensive antibacterial and antimalarial treatments. When fake antimicrobials contain sub-therapeutic doses of active ingredients, they encourage drug resistance, shortening the effective life of a drug and hastening the expense of new drug development. The trade in fake medicines erodes patient confidence in allopathic medicine and the public health system. The organized fraud that allows the drugs to circulate undermines all public institutions and conveys money and power to criminals. Investment in drug manufacturing could improve drug quality in low- and middle-income countries, and development finance organizations are well positioned to make these investments. Changes to procurement practices could also help guarantee that honest manufacturers get the largest market share. Most of all, low- and middle-income countries need better regulatory systems. The first step to building these systems is developing a strategic plan for the agency improvement. Changes to the drug distribution system could protect the drugs supply. In the United States, licensing only wholesalers that meet National Association of Boards of Pharmacy accreditation standards would reduce the hazards of secondary wholesale, as would a congressionally mandated track-and-trace system. In developing countries, governments should use franchising, accreditation, low-interest loans, and task shifting to create an environment conducive to quality drug retail. There is also a need for sturdy and inexpensive detection technologies that can be used to detect fake medicines in the field. A WHO International Code of Practice on falsified and substandard drugs would facilitate international cooperation against falsified and substandard drugs.
Patogénesis de la infección por Helicobacter pylori

La infeccion por Helicobacter pylori afecta a mas del 50 por ciento de la poblacion mundial y constituye la causa principal del desarrollo de afecciones como ulceras gastricas y duodenales, y el cancer gastrico. Aun asi, se conoce que la mayoria de las personas infectadas no desarrollan ninguna de estas enfermedades porque la patogenesis inducida por este microorganismo depende de diferentes factores que incluyen caracteristicas del hospedero, el ambiente en el que se desarrolla y la cepa infectante. En este trabajo se reviso y actualizo el tema de la patogenesis de la infeccion por H. pylori para ampliar el conocimiento de los principales factores que conducen al desarrollo de las afecciones severas y, por tanto, coadyuvar al mejor tratamiento de esta infeccion en nuestra poblacion, que tiene alta prevalencia de H. pylori(AU) Infection due to Helicobacter pylori affects to more than 50 percent of world population and it is the leading cause of development of affections like gastric and duodenal ulcers and the gastric cancer. Even so, it is known that most of persons infected don't developed any of these diseases because of the pathogenesis induced by this microorganism depends of different factors including host features, the environment where it is developed and the infectious strain. In present paper the subject on pathogenesis of infection due to H. pylori was reviewed and updated to expand the knowledge of the main factors leading to the development of severe affections and thus, contribute to a better treatment of this infection in our population, due to the high prevalence of H. pylori(AU)
The Effects of Aroma Inhalation Method with Roll-on in Occupation Stress, Depression and Sleep in Female Manufacture Shift Workers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma inhalation method with roll-on in occupation stress, depression and sleep in female manufacture shift workers. The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The subjects in this study were female manufacture shift workers who were from K-do area; 26 in the experiment group and 26 in the control group. Data was collected from April 1 to May 25. The questionnaires about pre and post occupation stress, depression and sleep were used to identify the effect of aroma inhalation method with roll-on. The data was analyzed using SPSS Win 18.0 version program. The homogeneity between two groups of general characteristics was analyzed by Chi-square test and independent t-test. The homogeneity of occupation stress, depression and sleep were analyzed by independent t-test. The difference of pre-post occupation stress, depression and sleep were analyzed by independent t-test. The finding of this study were as follows: The first research hypothesis that the occupation stress of the experimental group might get less than the control group was rejected(t=-0.37, p=.717). The second research hypothesis that depression of the experimental group might get less than the control group was accepted(t=-6.11, p<.001). The third research hypothesis that sleep of the experimental group might get less than the control group was accepted(t=3.15, p=.003). Based on the above-mentioned findings, Aroma inhalation method with roll-on can be utilized as an effective intervention for depression and sleep in female shift workers in the manufacturing industry. and The multiple nursing intervention should be needed to decrease on occupation stress in female manufacture shift workers.
A will to health? Drinking, risk and social class

This article explores risk conceptions related to alcohol use among Danes who drink ‘too much’ (based on the National Health Board’s standards for safe drinking). It analyses drinking patterns and risk management strategies among interviewees from different socio-economic backgrounds, and explores the differences between the behaviours and conceptions of these individuals and the risk advice and definitions provided by health agencies. The article shows that people from different socio-economic backgrounds respond differently to the neo-liberal strategy of alcohol risk minimisation, with middle- and upper-class participants being more in tune with the public health ethos of alcohol consumer ‘autonomisation’ and ‘responsibilisation’. Cutting across socio-economic differences, though, are risk conceptions that clash with the public health model of risk prevention. While the risk communication of the health agencies builds on the logic of ‘a will to health’, drinkers at relatively high consumption levels tend to prefer other rationales, associating alcohol use with socialisation, pleasure and relaxation, and defining alcohol risks in terms of ‘addiction’ rather than detrimental health effects. The article contributes to the discussion of the ‘prevention paradox’, showing that rational initiatives at a general population level are not always comprehended as such at the individual level.
Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Techniques: A Review and current trends

Diabetes mellitus is a complex group of syndromes that have in common a disturbance in the body's use of glucose, resulting in an elevated blood sugar. Once detected, sugar diabetes can be controlled by an appropriate regimen that should include diet therapy, a weight reduction program for those persons who are overweight, a program of exercise and insulin injections or oral drugs to lower blood glucose. Blood glucose monitoring by the patient and the physician is an important aspect in the control of the devastating complications (heart disease, blindness, kidney failure or amputations) due to the disease. Intensive therapy and frequent glucose testing has numerous benefits. With ever improving advances in diagnostic technology, the race for the next generation of bloodless, painless, accurate glucose instruments has begun. In this paper, we reviewed various methods, techniques and approaches successfully demonstrated for measuring or monitoring blood glucose. Invasive, minimally invasive and noninvasive techniques available in literature are summarised.
A Follow-Up Study of World War II Prisoners of War.

This small monograph, one of a series to be published by the Veterans Administration (or already in print; no series number or other means of judging is given) contains the data and conclusions from a record and questionnaire survey of nearly 8000 World War II prisoners. The investigation was conducted jointly by the National Research Council and the Veterans Administration. Three principal reasons for undertaking such a survey come to mind: (1) to gain experience in and evaluate the methods used, (2) to learn the answer to the question posed, and (3) to pick up unusual or chance observations which may give a clue to some apparently unrelated problem ("serendipidy"). The last often turns out to be the most profitable but is best left for the individual reader to discover. The question posed was, for men taken prisoner during World War II, "to what extent their prison experience has affected
Recent trends in infant feeding patterns and weaning practices in Kuwait

A multistage stratified sample of 782 mothers of infants under two years of age was taken to investigate infant feeding patterns and weaning practices. The rate of breast-feeding was 26.1% and that of bottle-feeding 41.9%. Breast-feeding was more common among late order children and those born to illiterate mothers. The mean duration of breast-feeding was 4.9 months and was longer among illiterate mothers. Infants were weaned because of insufficient mother’s milk, mother’s desire and infant refusal of the breast. The results indicate that there has been a sharp decline in breast-feeding. The reasons for this are discussed and measures to reverse the trend are recommended
Accuracy and completeness of the documentation of blood culture results

It is a daunting task to produce a contemporary and comprehensive textbook of cytopathology that adequately deals with the full expanse of the topic. This difficultly is compounded by the need to write a text that is not only appealing, but functional as a desktop reference for a diverse group of practitioners, from student cytotechnologists to expert cytopathologists. Yet, the second edition of Diagnostic Cytopathology manages to accomplish much of this task. This single volume book is organised into a systems based review of general cytopathology. The second edition maintains its focus on cytomorphology with minimal discussion of sampling and preparatory techniques. There is some attention paid to the impact on cytomorphology of exfoliative versus fine needle aspiration sampling; however, the effects of cytopreparation on the cytological features and interpretation are not frequently discussed. This is …
Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound

I. Dog and Cat. Physical Properties, Instrumentation, And Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound. Imaging Artifacts in Ultrasound. Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy. Ultrasonography of the General Abdomen. Ultrasonogrpahy of the Liver. Ultrasonography of the Spleen. Ultrasonography of the Pancreas. Ultrasonography of the Urinary Tract and Adrenal Glands. Ultrasonography of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Ultrasonography of the Genital System. Ultrasonography of the Neck. Ocular Ultrasonography. Echocardiography. Advanced Ultrasound Techniques. Ii. Horse. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Equine Musculoskeletal Injury. Ultrasonography for Reproductive Management in the Mare. Equine Echocardiography.
The influence of knee angle on human quadriceps femoris performance

We investigated the role of central activation in muscle length dependent endurance. Central activation ratio (CAR) and rectified surface EMG (rsEMG) were studied during fatigue of isometric contractions of the knee extensors at 30° and 90° knee angles (full extension = 0°). Subjects (n = 8) were tested on a custom built ergometer. Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension with supramaximal superimposed burst stimulation (three 100 μs pulses; 300 Hz), was performed to assess CAR and maximal torque capacity (MTC). Surface EMG signals were obtained from vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. At each angle intermittent (15s on 6 off) isometric exercise at 50%MTC with superimposed stimulation was performed to exhaustion. During the fatigue task a sphygmomanometer cuff around the upper thigh ensured full occlusion (400 mmHg) of the blood supply to the knee extensors. At least two days separated fatigue tests. MTC was not different between knee angles (30°: 229.6 ± 39.3 vs. 90°: 215.7 ± 13.2Nm). Endurance times however, were significantly longer (P < 0.05) at 30° vs. 90° (87.8 ± 18.7 vs. 54.9 ± 12.1s, respectively) despite the CAR not differing between angles at torque failure (30°: 0.95 ± 0.05 vs. 90°: 0.96 ± 0.03) and full occlusion of blood supply to the knee extensors. Furthermore, rsEMG values of the VL (normalized to pre-fatigue maximum) were also similar at torque failure (30°: 56.5 ± 12.5 vs. 90°: 58.3 ± 15.2%), while RF EMG activity was lower at 30° (44.3 ± 12.4%) vs. 90° (69.5 ± 25.3%). We conclude that differences in endurance at different knee angles do not find their origin in differences in central activation and blood flow but may be a consequence of muscle length related differences in metabolic cost.
STEROID-RESISTANT ASTHMA: CELLULAR MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO INADEQUATE RESPONSE TO GLUCOCORTICOID THERAPY

The data from this study suggests that diminished GCR binding affinity may in part be responsible for poor steroid responsiveness in those asthmatics with SR asthma. This defect is an acquired and reversible phenomena which is likely the result of exposure to cytokines (IL-2 and IL-4) involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Bilateral deficit between concentric and isometric muscle actions

The greater torque generation capacity of muscles when contracted alone than in combination with contralateral muscles, characterizes the bilateral limb deficit (BLD) phenomenon. Few studies have explored the BLD in dynamic movements, because isometric actions are considered ideal for evaluating strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare BLD between isometric and concentric actions of the knee extensors. Eleven healthy young men (age = 20.6 ± 1 yrs; weight = 71.4 ± 6.4 kg; height = 174.4 ± 7 cm) volunteered to participate. Initially, subjects visited the laboratory for familiarization with the test protocols. On two subsequent randomized days they performed a test protocol with either a unilateral (right and left limbs) or bilateral condition, with 48 h rest between. The test protocol was composed of five isokinetic concentric actions of the knee extensors at 60 ◦ /s and three isometric actions at a 60 ◦ angle of knee flexion. The greatest peak torque of the two conditions was used for analyses. Both muscle actions demonstrated greater values unilaterally ( p 0.05). Therefore, if muscle torque production is greater unilaterally, athletes and coaches may utilize unilateral exercises to increase training loads.
VALUE OF THE CALORIC TEST OF THE LABYRINTH

THE CALORIC test is an easy way of examining the function of the vestibular organ. The results of the test are used not only in otologic practices, for ascertaining the remainder of function left in cases of labyrinthitis or other labyrinthine deviations, but also in neurologic or otoneurologic practices, for other purposes. Neurologists use the test especially for the examination of the central vestibular organ. Many conclusions are drawn from the caloric test on the function of a labyrinth, such as hyperexcitability and hypoexcitability, or of the central nervous system, such as directional preponderance. But the normal reaction in normal subjects has not been studied seriously until now. In the opinion of some authors, the caloric reaction shows a pattern, which is called pathologic in normal subjects by most investigators. Streit,1in military examinations, often noted a dominance of the reaction of one labyrinth after the caloric test, and Lundberg2
A review of the international literature on the role of outside facilitators in the delivery of school-based sex education

Schools are one of the main sites where knowledge can be imparted on sexuality and relationships. There is widespread parental support in the Irish context for the provision of school-based sex education (Morgan, 2000; North Western Health Board, 2004; Mayock, Kitching and Morgan, 2007), and recent research also suggests that young people strongly favour classes that deal with relationships, sexuality and sexual health (Hyde and Howlett, 2004; Mayock and Byrne, 2004). However, school-based sex education is a challenging area of curricular provision and one with which many schools continue to struggle. Different approaches to provision and delivery exist: for example, relationships and sexuality education can be delivered by teachers, peers and/or outside agencies, health professionals, and some models incorporate all three modes of delivery (Young, 2004). The practice of involving outside agencies/professionals in the delivery of school-based RSE is a relatively common practice in Ireland (Mayock et al., 2007), yet there are gaps in knowledge and understanding of the potential role these professionals play in supporting schools and teachers in the delivery of sex education. This introductory section provides a background and context for an international literature review of external supports for school-based sex education, with specific reference to Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) in Ireland. The section begins by briefly outlining the main features of RSE policy and comments on the place of outside facilitators within this policy (Section 1.1). Attention is then drawn to dimensions of RSE policy (and existing policy guidelines) that have potential implications for schools’ use of outside facilitators (Section 1.2). Section 1.3 reviews the current state of knowledge about outside facilitators to RSE in the Irish context. The final section outlines the scope and method of this international review of literature on external supports for school-based sex education.