Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing expertise for network intrusion detection

Purpose – The paper seeks to provide a foundational understanding of the socio‐technical system that is computer network intrusion detection, including the nature of the knowledge work, situated expertise, and processes of learning as supported by information technology.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a field study to explore the work of computer network intrusion detection using multiple data collection methods, including semi‐structured interviews, examination of security tools and resources, analysis of information security mailing list posts, and attendance at several domain‐specific user group meetings.Findings – The work practice of intrusion detection analysts involves both domain expertise of networking and security and a high degree of situated expertise and problem‐solving activities that are not predefined and evolve with the dynamically changing context of the analyst's environment. This paper highlights the learning process needed to acquire these two types of knowledge, c.
Do Differences in Legal Protections Explain Differences in Ownership Concentration?

Existing research on cross-country differences in ownership concentration analyzes country averages of ownership concentration instead of firm-level data. This creates omitted-variable and aggregation biases. Most papers also use small samples of large firms. This makes inferences to country populations problematic because ownership concentration is inversely related to firm size and firm size varies across countries. When I analyze firm-level observations; control for firm-level determinants of ownership concentration, including size; and use a broad sample of firms from 32 countries, there is no support for the widely held theory that large shareholders are a response to weak legal protections for investors.
5 Apoptosis Pathways in Ovarian Cancer

Tumour initiation and progression are driven by constitutively activated oncogenes mediating deregulation of the balance between cell deathand survival pathways. Among the most relevant signalling cascades activated in the majority of tumour types, the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK), the phosphatidyl inositol-3kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/PKB) and the protein kinases C (PKC) signalling cascades were postulated (Weinstein, 1987; Nicosia et al., 2003; Roberts and Der, 2007; McCubrey et al., 2007; Breitkreutz et al., 2007). These cascades define individual characteristics of particular tumours and consequently their individual responsiveness to cancer therapy. In this chapter, we will address the characteristics of the apoptotic signalling pathways in ovarian carcinomas. Particular attention will be given to the HRS family of tumour suppressor genes encoding proteins with phospholipase activity and suppressed in the majority of ovarian malignancies. We will describe signalling cascades down regulating two well-characterized members of this family H-REV107-1/HRLS3/PLA2G16 and TIG3/RARRES/RIG1 in tumour cells. Furthermore, potential therapeutic consequences of the re-expression of these genes defined as a class II tumour suppressors will be discussed.
Managing ISO 14001 implementation in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS)

The activities and operations of the oil and gas industry have a significant propensity to affect the natural environment. The UK oil and gas industry, like the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, is a highly regulated industry and attracts a high level of public interest, so much so that the UK Government is keen to encourage the adoption of voluntary environmental management initiatives such as ISO 14001. In responding to the UK Government's agenda, some oil and gas enterprises have now implemented this environmental management system. This article examines the implementation of ISO 14001 in the first batch of oil and gas enterprises to have done so. Through undertaking structured face-to-face interviews with senior corporate staff in eight firms this article examines the drivers, implementation barriers and the benefits accrued from their participation in this management system. In contrast with some other industries, information on the oil and gas industry's experience with, and perception of, ISO 14001 is somewhat limited. Against this backdrop, the paper attempts to address these weaknesses and provide a starting point for future research in the area of corporate social responsibility and environmental management systems. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations as to how to promote the adoption of environmental management systems more widely in the oil and gas industry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 May Be Immunologically Mediated: A Pilot Evaluation of Monocyte Apoptosis

Background: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1 is characterized by a rapid worsening of cardiac function leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). An immune-mediated damage and alteration of immune response have been postulated as potential mechanisms involved in CRS type 1. In this pilot study, we examined the possible role of the immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. The main objective was to analyze in vitro that plasma of CRS type 1 patients was able to trigger a response in monocytes resulting in apoptosis. The secondary aim was to evaluate TNF-α and IL-6 plasma levels of CRS type 1 patients. Methods: Fifteen patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and CRS type 1 were enrolled and 20 healthy volunteers without AHF or AKI were recruited as control group. Plasma from these two groups was incubated with monocytes and, subsequently, cell apoptosis was evaluated. In addition, the activity of caspase-8 was assessed after 24 h incubation. Quantitative determination of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was performed. Results: Plasma-induced apoptosis was significantly higher in CRS type 1 patients compared with healthy controls at 72 h (78 vs. 11%) and 96 h (81 vs. 11%). At 24 h, the activity of caspase-8 was significantly higher in monocytes incubated with plasma from the CRS type 1 group. TNF-α (2.39 vs. 28.49 pg/ml) and IL-6 (4.8 vs. 16.5 pg/ml) levels were significantly elevated in the CRS type 1 group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a defective regulation of monocyte apoptosis in CRS type 1 patients, and inflammatory pathways may have a central role in the pathogenesis of CRS type 1 and may be fundamental in damage to distant organs.
Purification and Characterization of a Vulnificolysin-Like Cytolysin Produced by Vibrio tubiashii

ABSTRACT An extracellular cytolysin from Vibrio tubiashii was purified by sequential hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200. This protein is sensitive to heat and proteases, is inhibited by cholesterol, and has a molecular weight of 59,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. In addition to lysing various erythrocytes, it is cytolytic and/or cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells, Caco-2 cells, and Atlantic menhaden liver cells in tissue culture. Lysis of erythrocytes occurs by a multihit process that is dependent on temperature and pH. Twelve of the first 17 N-terminal amino acid residues (Asp-Asp-Tyr-Val-Pro-Val-Val-Glu-Lys-Val-Tyr-Tyr-Ile-Thr-Ser-Ser-Lys) are identical to those of the Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin.
Monitoring local alcohol prevention in Sweden: Application of Alcohol Prevention Magnitude Measure (APMM)

Aims National alcohol policy in Sweden has to a certain extent grown weaker, and there has instead been an increased focus on strengthening local alcohol prevention. Swedish municipalities carry out a variety of alcohol prevention activities, but there is little knowledge of how the magnitude of all these activities has developed over time. One reason for this lack of information is the limitation of tools for monitoring prevention activities locally. The aim of this study is 1) to develop an Alcohol Prevention Magnitude Measure (APMM) based on local data and 2) to analyse the development of local alcohol prevention by using APMM. Data The APMM is based on 37 different indicators of local prevention. Data derives from web-based surveys comprising all Swedish municipalities and from information on licensed premises at the local level. Results The results reveal that local alcohol prevention in Sweden, as measured by the APMM, has increased generally between 2006 and 2010. The increase is the result of more local policies and activities. Conclusion The results indicate that the APMM captures real changes at the local level, as the APMM increased significantly in community intervention municipalities compared to others.
Dead Store Elimination (Still) Considered Harmful

Dead store elimination is a widely used compiler optimization that reduces code size and improves performance. However, it can also remove seemingly useless memory writes that the programmer intended to clear sensitive data after its last use. Security-savvy developers have long been aware of this phenomenon and have devised ways to prevent the compiler from eliminating these data scrubbing operations. In this paper, we survey the set of techniques found in the wild that are intended to prevent data-scrubbing operations from being removed during dead store elimination. We evaluated the effectiveness and availability of each technique and found that some fail to protect data-scrubbing writes. We also examined eleven open source security projects to determine whether their specific memory scrubbing function was effective and whether it was used consistently. We found four of the eleven projects using flawed scrubbing techniques that may fail to scrub sensitive data and an additional four projects not using their scrubbing function consistently. We address the problem of dead store elimination removing scrubbing operations with a compiler-based approach by adding a new option to an LLVM-based compiler that retains scrubbing operations. We also synthesized existing techniques to develop a best-of-breed scrubbing function and are making it available to developers.
Host country executives' assessments of international joint ventures and divestitures: An experimental approach

A large body of research examines the modes by which multinational firms enter foreign markets, yet little work has considered how host country executives evaluate alternative modes of accepting inward foreign direct investment (FDI). This study adopts the host country firm's perspective to investigate the factors that affect Chinese executives' assessments of international joint ventures (IJVs) and divestitures as different modes for engaging inward FDI opportunities. We use an experimental approach to test our argument that executives' preferences for IJVs versus divestitures are driven by multinational firms' resources as well as potential transaction hazards and available remedial mechanisms. This study complements extant research on firms' entry mode choice by offering a direct test of comparative economic organization by explicitly comparing the attractiveness of alternative modes.
Liver transplantation for HCV cirrhosis: Improved survival in recent years and increased severity of recurrent disease in female recipients: Results of a long term retrospective study

In recent years, a worsening outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive recipients and a faster progression of recurrent disease to overt cirrhosis has been reported. Our aims were to 1) assess patient survival and development of severe recurrent disease (Ishak fibrosis score > 3) in different transplant years; and 2) model the effects of pre‐ and post‐liver transplantation (LT) variables on the severity of recurrent disease. A multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted on 502 consecutive HCV‐positive transplant recipients between January 1990 and December 2002. Protocol liver biopsies were obtained at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 yr post‐LT in almost 90% of the patients. All 502 patients were included in the overall survival analysis, while only the 354 patients with a follow‐up longer than 1 yr were considered for the analysis of predictors of disease progression. The overall Kaplan–Meier survival rates were 78.7%, 66.3%, and 58.6%, at 12, 60, and 120 months, respectively, and a trend for a better patient survival over the years emerged from all 3 centers. The cumulative probability of developing HCV‐related recurrent severe fibrosis (Ishak score 4‐6) in the cohort of 354 patients who survived at least 1 yr remained unchanged over the years. Multivariate analysis indicated that older donors (P = 0.0001) and female gender of recipient (P = 0.02) were the 2 major risk factors for the development of severe recurrent disease, while the adoption of antilymphocytic preparations was associated with a less aggressive course (P = 0.03). Two of these prognostic factors, donor age and recipient gender, are easily available before LT and their combination showed an important synergy, such that a female recipient not only had a much higher probability of severe recurrent disease than a male recipient but her risk increased with the increasing age of the donor, reaching almost 100% when the age of the donor was 60 or older. In conclusion, a trend for a better patient survival was observed in more recent years but the cumulative probability of developing severe recurrent disease remained unchanged. The combination of a female recipient receiving an older graft emerged as a strong risk factor for a severe recurrence. Liver Transpl, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Service Quality at the Cellar Door: A Comparison Between Regions

The provision of service at the cellar door is now beginning to attract some attention, which is critical given that wine tourism is a very lucrative industry with the ability to generate substantial wealth and growth. This paper develops the application of the SERVQUAL research approach, already used in Margaret River, and applies it to the Barossa Valley. It outlines the results of a survey in the latter region, and draws some comparative conclusions with the Western Australian data. It produces some conclusions about those features deemed important by visitors in their overall satisfaction ratings of the cellar door experience including the impact of that experience on subsequent purchase behaviour, and it also highlights some of the differences between wine tourists in the two states.
Expression of HIPK2 in cervical cancer: Correlation with clinicopathology and prognosis

Objective: Homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a member of a recently identified nuclear protein kinase family that act as co‐repressors for homeodomain transcription factors. This study was carried out to investigate the expression of HIPK2, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in cervical carcinoma.
Free Glutamine and Glutamic Acid Increase in Human Milk Through a Three-Month Lactation Period

Background Previous short observational studies on the free amino acid (FAA) content of human milk have shown that glutamine and glutamic acid increase in the first 4 to 6 weeks of life. Methods Changes in human milk content of free amino acids (FAAs) was determined at colostrum, 1 month, and 3 months of lactation in 16 healthy lactating women after delivery of full-term infants. Milk was collected at the end of each feeding (hindmilk) during 24 hours. Results Glutamic acid and taurine were the most abundant FAAs at colostrum. Although taurine remained stable throughout lactation, glutamic acid (the prevalent FAA) and glutamine increased approximately 2.5 and 20 times, respectively, with progressing lactation representing more than 50% of total FAA at 3 months. The content of essential FAA was also stable, so the change in total FAA content was almost entirely due to the changes in glutamic acid and glutamine. Conclusions Breast-fed infants are supplied with progressively increasing amounts of glutamine and glutamic acid throughout lactation. The increasing intake of glutamic acid and glutamine could benefit breast-fed infants with molecules that are likely to protect the enteral mucosa and act as neurotransmitters and as a source of nitrogen.
Arterial puncture closing devices compared with standard manual compression after cardiac catheterization: systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT Arterial puncture closing devices (APCDs) were developed to replace standard compression at the puncture site and to shorten bed rest following percutaneous coronary intervention. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of APCDs (Angioseal, Vasoseal, Duett, Perclose, Techstar, Prostar) compared with standard manual compression in patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous vascular interventions. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1966-January 2003), EMBASE (1989-January 2003), PASCAL (1996-January 2003), BIOSIS (1990-January 2003), and CINHAL (1982-January 2003) databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant articles in any language. STUDY SELECTION Included randomized controlled trials reporting vascular complications at the puncture site (hematoma, bleeding, arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm) and efficacy (time to hemostasis, time to ambulation, time to discharge from hospital). DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers abstracted the data independently and in duplicate. Disagreements were resolved by discussion among at least 3 reviewers. The most important criteria were adequacy of allocation concealment, whether the analysis was according to the intention-to-treat principle, and if person assessing the outcome was blinded to intervention group. Random-effects models were used to pool the data. DATA SYNTHESIS Thirty trials met the selection criteria and included up to 4000 patients. When comparing any APCD with standard compression, the relative risk (RR) of groin hematoma was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-1.51; P =.35); bleeding, 1.48 (95% CI, 0.88-2.48; P =.14); developing an arteriovenous fistula, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.23-2.94; P =.77); and developing a pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site, 1.19 (95% CI, 0.75-1.88; P =.46). Time to hemostasis was shorter in the group with APCD compared with standard compression (mean difference, 17 minutes; range, 14-19 minutes), but there was a high degree of heterogeneity among studies. Only 2 studies explicitly reported allocation concealment, blinded outcome assessment, and intention-to-treat analysis. When limiting analyses to only trials that used explicit intention-to-treat approaches, APCDs were associated with a higher risk of hematoma (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.13-3.15) and a higher risk of pseudoaneurysm (RR, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.21-24.5). CONCLUSIONS Based on this meta-analysis of 30 randomized trials, many of poor methodological quality, there is only marginal evidence that APCDs are effective and there is reason for concern that these devices may increase the risk of hematoma and pseudoaneurysm.
An Evaluation of Channel Models, Frequency Bands and Antenna Topologies for 5G

The range of candidate bands considered for 5G wireless systems extends from 6-100 GHz. In this paper we examine the impact of key parameters of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and microwave channel models on various system performance metrics, e.g., spectral efficiency, eigenvalue structure and convergence to massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) properties. We consider 6 spatial channel model (SCM) based scenarios, including 3GPP SCM at 2.6 GHz and those derived from recent measurement campaigns at 6 GHz, 28 GHz and 73 GHz. We define and evaluate an effective degrees of freedom metric (EDOF), demonstrating a dramatic EDOF reduction in mmWave bands compared to microwave, unless serving multiple users, where the antenna separation increases the effective rank of the composite channel. Furthermore, we analytically derive the covariance matrix of two SCM structures showing the impact of modelling choice on the channel correlations.
Localization of ionotropic glutamate receptors in caudate‐putamen and nucleus accumbens septi of rat brain: Comparison of NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors

Changes in binding of selective radioligands at NMDA ([3H]MK‐801), AMPA ([3H]CNQX), and kainate ([3H]kainic acid) glutamate (GLU) ionotropic receptors in rat caudate‐putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were examined by quantitative autoradiography following: 1) unilateral surgical ablation of frontal cerebral cortex to remove descending corticostriatal GLU projections, 2) unilateral injection of kainic acid (KA) into CPu or NAc to degenerate local intrinsic neurons, or 3) unilateral injections of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OH‐DA) into substantia nigra to degenerate ascending nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) projections. Cortical ablation significantly decreased NMDA receptor binding in ipsilateral medial CPu (20%), and NAc (16%), similar to previously reported losses of DA D4 receptors. KA lesions produced large losses of NMDA receptor labeling in CPu and NAc (both by 52%), AMPA (41% and 45%, respectively), and kainate receptors (40% and 45%, respectively) that were similar to the loss of D2 receptors in CPu and NAc after KA injections. Nigral 6‐OH‐DA lesions yielded smaller but significant losses in NMDA (17%), AMPA (12%), and kainate (11%) receptor binding in CPu. The results indicate that most NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors in rat CPu and NAc occur on intrinsic postsynaptic neurons. Also, some NMDA, but not AMPA or kainate, receptors are also found on corticostriatal projections in association with D4 receptors; these may, respectively, represent excitatory presynaptic NMDA autoreceptors and inhibitory D4 heteroceptors that regulate GLU release from corticostriatal axons in medial CPu and NAc. Conversely, the loss of all three GLU receptor subtypes after lesioning DA neurons supports their role as excitatory heteroceptors promoting DA release from nigrostriatal neurons. Synapse 30:227–235, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective disclosure and the role of Form 8‐K in the post‐Reg FD era

We investigate whether Form 8-K disclosures mitigate analysts’ information advantage in the presence of initial selective disclosure. Using cross-sectional variation in firms’ social connections with the investment community to identify firms prone to selective disclosure, we show that the precision and the relative amount of analysts’ private information are higher prior to 8-K filings for connected firms, consistent with selective disclosure. More importantly, 8-K filings attenuate the influence of social connections on the quality and quantity of analysts’ private information. Additional analyses reveal that this leveling of the information playing field is concentrated among 8-Ks filed to comply with Reg FD.
Developing and Implementing a Web Portal Success Model

The emergence and subsequent spreading of new technologies, such as Web portals, has changed the way people handle information, communicate, share knowledge, and perform tasks. The use of different information technologies and systems offers the potential for substantially improving performance not only at the organizational level, but also at the individual level. However, performance gains are often obstructed by users' unwillingness to accept and use available systems and technologies. This paper aims at examining the role of Web portals in improving the overall performance at the individual level in terms of task productivity and innovation, customer satisfaction, and management control. To this aim, the paper develops a Web portal success model and empirically validates it through the case of Aramex Company. The results support all formulated hypotheses, except two which are related to the relationships between "Service Quality" and both: "Intention to Use" and "Users' Satisfaction". The developed model explained about 72% of the variance in employees' performance. The study also shows its implications for theory and practice.