Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth, Inflation, and Banking: The Role of Human Capital

This book concentrates on the role of human capital as a growth engine in the process of economic development and its effect on a better explanation of the long-run relationship between growth, inflation and other monetary phenomena. The first part of the book provides a general theory of how the development of countries could progress via different stages of growth using an extended Lucas model with external benefits of human capital through a diffusion of new knowledge. The second part of the book proposes an extension of the standard Lucas model by the introduction of money and an explicit banking sector allowing to model the interactions between real and monetary phenomena. The key mechanism that helps to explain the evidence is the ability of the representative consumer to choose between competing payment mechanisms, money and credit.
INSINC: A Platform for Managing Peak Demand in Public Transit

Public transit systems in several cities experience peak hour overloads. As a result vehicles are crowded, often to the extent that commuters cannot board them. It is very expensive or even impossible to further increase peak capacity; peak demand must be actively managed. This article describes INSINC, a project that manages peak demand by incentivizing commuters to travel off-peak. It uses random (raffle-like) rewards, social influence (commuters are compared to their friends), and personalized offers to manage peak demand. A before-and-after analysis of participants’ trips shows that INSINC cost-effectively induces commuters to shift from peak to off-peak travel times.
Oscillating Heat Pipe Cooling System of Electric Vehicle’s Li-Ion Batteries with Direct Contact Bottom Cooling Mode

Recently, the use of electrical vehicles has abruptly increased due to environmental crises. The high energy density of lithium-ion batteries is their main advantage for use in electric vehicles (EVs). However, the thermal management of Li-ion batteries is a challenge due to the poor heat resistance of Lithium ions. The performance and lifetime of lithium ion batteries are strongly affected by the internal operating temperature. Thermal characterization of battery cells is very important to ensure the consistent operation of a Li-ion battery for its application. In the present study, the OHP (Oscillating Heat Pipe) system is proposed as a battery cooling module, and experimental verification was carried out. OHP is characterized by a long evaporator section, an extremely short condenser section, and almost no adiabatic section. Experimental investigations were conducted using various parameters such as the filling ratio, orientation, coolant temperature, and heat flux. Average temperature of the heater’s surface was maintained at 56.4 °C using 14 W with 25 °C coolant water. The experimental results show that the present cooling technology basically meets the design goal of consistent operation.
Quantised output feedback control via limited capacity communication networks

This article addresses the output feedback stability problem for single-input single-output (SISO) linear systems with quantised measurements of the plant output, where sensors and controllers are connected via errorless digital channels carrying a finite number of bits per unit time. The main idea here is to present a lower bound of data rates, above which there exists a quantisation, coding and control scheme to guarantee both stability and a prescribed control performance of the unstable plant. A quantisation and coding scheme, which is based on the distribution of measurements and the dynamics of the plant, is proposed. The proof techniques rely on both information-theoretic and control-theoretic tools. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Protecting Threatened Identity: Sticking with the Group by Emphasizing Ingroup Heterogeneity

In two studies (Ns=163, 164), the authors tested the prediction that perceptions of group variability can steer and guide the way that loyalty is expressed in times of identity threat. In both studies, participants were classified as lower or higher identifiers on the basis of their scores on a group identification measure, and manipulations involved group variability perceptions (homogeneous ingroup vs. heterogeneous ingroup) and threat to the ingroup. Higher identifiers presented with a homogeneous ingroup perceived more ingroup homogeneity under threat than when there was no threat. In contrast, higher identifiers who perceived the ingroup initially as heterogeneous perceived more ingroup heterogeneity under threat than in no threat conditions. Lower identifiers perceived more ingroup heterogeneity under threat (vs. no threat) irrespective of manipulated group variability perceptions. Discussion focuses on different ways that group loyalty can be expressed in times of identity threat.
Flexible Bronchoscopy with Multiple Modalities for Foreign Body Removal in Adults

Objectives Aspiration of the lower airways due to foreign body is rare in adults. This study aimed to determine the outcome of patients who received flexible bronchoscopy with different modalities for foreign body removal in the lower airways. Patients and Methods Between January 2003 and January 2014, 94 patients diagnosed with foreign body in the lower airways underwent flexible bronchoscopy with different modalities, which included forceps, loop, basket, knife, electromagnet, and cryotherapy. The clinical presentation, foreign body location and characteristics, and applications of flexible bronchoscopy were analyzed. Results Forty (43%) patients had acute aspiration, which developed within one week of foreign body entry and 54 (57%) had chronic aspiration. The most common foreign bodies were teeth or bone. More patients with chronic aspiration than those with acute aspiration were referred from the out-patient clinic (48% vs. 28%), but more patients with acute aspiration were referred from the emergency room (35% vs. 6%) and intensive care unit (18% vs. 2%). Flexible bronchoscopy with different modalities was used to remove the foreign bodies (85/94, 90%). Electromagnet or cryotherapy was used in nine patients to eliminate the surrounding granulation tissue before foreign body removal. In the nine patients with failed flexible bronchoscopy, eight underwent rigid bronchoscopy instead and one had right lower lung lobectomy for lung abscess. Conclusions Flexible bronchoscopy with multiple modalities is effective for diagnosing and removing foreign bodies in the lower respiratory airways in adults, with a high success rate (90%) and no difference between acute and chronic aspirations.
Frameworks for Water Rights: An Overview of Institutional Options

There is increasing agreement on the need for greater attention to the role of water rights in water resources management. This paper presents an overview of institutional options for water rights. It introduces the reasons why water rights are important and are receiving increasing attention and then presents general principles related to property rights. Various types of institutional arrangements may be used to regulate socially accepted claims to water, including community-based selfgovernance, agency administration and water markets. Methods for improving water rights and water allocation institutions include forming forums, clarifying water rights, planning and modeling techniques, and capacity building for specialized management agencies. Institutional arrangements and methods for improving water rights and allocation institutions should combine to a framework for water rights that draws optimally on the strengths of various water allocation institutions.
Regulated Exocytosis: Novel Insights from Intravital Microscopy

Regulated exocytosis is a fundamental process that every secretory cell uses to deliver molecules to the cell surface and the extracellular space by virtue of membranous carriers. This process has been extensively studied using various approaches such as biochemistry, electrophysiology and electron microscopy. However, recent developments in time‐lapse light microscopy have made possible imaging individual exocytic events, hence, advancing our understanding of this process at a molecular level. In this review, we focus on intravital microscopy (IVM), a light microscopy‐based approach that enables imaging subcellular structures in live animals, and discuss its recent application to study regulated exocytosis. IVM has revealed differences in regulation and modality of regulated exocytosis between in vitro and in vivo model systems, unraveled novel aspects of this process that can be appreciated only in in vivo settings and provided valuable and novel information on its molecular machinery. In conclusion, we make the case for IVM being a mature technique that can be used to investigate the molecular machinery of several intracellular events under physiological conditions.
PENGARUH KELOMPOK ACUAN DAN KELUARGA TERHADAPKEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN BATIK TULIS JETIS PADA TOKOAMRI JAYA SIDOARJO

From the test results showed that together the variables of the reference group and family proved to significantly influence purchasing decisions, and based on a partial test for independent variables in the form of reference group, (shown) has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and based on a partial test for independent variable in the form of family , (shown) has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, while among two independent variables consisting of the reference group and family, was the most dominant influence on the effect of purchasing decisions is family. Keywords: reference groups, family, purchasing decisions
Clinicopathologic report of ocular involvement in ALS patients with C9orf72 mutation

Abstract Our objective was to present clinicopathologic evidence of anterior visual pathway involvement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) secondary to a C9orf72 mutation. Two related patients from an extended pedigree with ALS and GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS) underwent neuro-ophthalmologic examination. Following death and tissue donation of the younger ALS patient, histopathologic examination of the retina, optic nerve and central nervous system (CNS) was performed. Ophthalmologic examination revealed contrast sensitivity impairment in the younger C9-ALS patient. Immunohistochemistry performed on this patient’s donor tissue demonstrated p62-positive, pTDP43-negative perinuclear inclusions in the inner nuclear layer of the retina and CNS. Further colocalization with GLT-1 and recoverin suggested that the majority of retinal p62-positive inclusions are found within cone bipolar cells as well as some amacrine and horizontal cells. In conclusion, this is the first report that identifies disease-specific pathologic inclusions in the anterior visual pathway of a patient with a C9orf72 mutation. Cone bipolar cell involvement within the inner nuclear layer of the retina may explain the observed subtle visual function deficiencies in this patient. Further clinical and histopathologic studies are needed to fully characterize a larger population of C9-ALS patients and explore these findings in other forms of ALS.
Increasing survival in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with combination antiretroviral therapy including HIV protease inhibitors

Objective:To assess the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy including HIV protease inhibitors on the survival of patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). Design and participants:A longitudinal study of patients with CMVR diagnosed between October 1992 and May 1996 and followed to May 1997. Setting:UK National Health Service specialist HIV medicine department. Outcome measure:Time to death from first diagnosis of CMVR. Data were censored on 31 May 1997. Results:Data were available on 147 patients with CMVR. Median survival of CMVR patients before December 1995 was 256 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 197–315]. Following the introduction of protease inhibitors in December 1995 this rose to 555 days (95% CI, 351–759). By 31 May 1996 median survival for the entire group of patients alive with CMVR had risen to 720 days (95% CI, 551–889). The mean survival after CMVR diagnosis was 224 days (n = 89; 95% CI, 186–261; 1-year survival, 16%) in those who took no further antiretroviral therapy, 353 days in those who took nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors but no protease inhibitors (n = 34; 95% CI, 289–418; 1-year survival, 50%), and 914 days in those who took a protease inhibitor (n = 24; 95% CI, 768–1059; 1-year survival, 83%; P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that the strongest independent predictor of improved survival was having ever received a protease inhibitor after CMVR (relative risk of death, 0.063; 95% CI, 0.027–0.149; P < 0.0001). Conclusions:The use of HIV protease inhibitors in combination antiretroviral therapy has been associated with a marked increase in the survival of patients with CMVR.
Opinion Process , Mechanism , and Modeling in Macroecology

Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science & Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, National Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, USA Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
Molybdenum in infancy: balance studies in patients with intestinal stomata

This study investigated the supply of the essential trace element molybdenum (Mo) in infants with preternatural anus. It was divided into two separate investigations: (A) the complete fecal excretion of nine patients was collected in fractions over 24 h; and (B) 72 h balance studies and parallel plasma analysis were conducted in five infants and complemented by the longitudinal comparison of one of these patients with his (otherwise healthy) premature sister. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (balance studies) and high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS, plasma) were used for analysis. The following results were obtained. (A) The fecal Mo concentration ranged from 1.98 to 42.02 nmol Mo g−1 dry fecal weight. (B) The daily intake in the balance studies was 43.2 (11.33–100.5) nmol Mo kg−1 and the median retention was –2.91 (–32.45 to 48.6) nmol Mo kg−1. In the premature twins the boy with an intestinal stoma had a negative balance and lost –3.32 μmol within 32 d, while his sister retained +0.45 μmol Mo in the same period. Plasma Mo ranged between 9.4 and 46.7 nmol 1−1.
Serum leptin, resistin and TNF‐α levels in patients with systemic sclerosis: the role of adipokines in scleroderma

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic fibrotic collagen tissue disease. Leptin's role in regulating immune and inflammatory response has become increasingly evident. Resistin has pro‐inflammatory properties and also is associated with inflammatory markers in some rheumatologic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine serum leptin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in SSc patients and evaluate their association with other frequently used laboratory and clinic findings.
Simultaneous Quantitation of Intracellular Zidovudine and Lamivudine Triphosphates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

ABSTRACT Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the standard treatment for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common HAART regimen consists of the combination of at least one protease inhibitor (PI) with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Contrary to PIs, NRTIs require intracellular activation from the parent compound of their triphosphate moiety to suppress HIV replication. Simultaneous intracellular determination of two NRTI triphosphates is difficult to accomplish due to their relatively small concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), requiring large amounts of blood from HIV-positive patients. Recently, we described a method to determine intracellular zidovudine triphosphate (ZDV-TP) concentrations in HIV-infected patients by using solid-phase extraction and tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for ZDV-TP was 0.10 pmol, and the method was successfully used for the determination of ZDV-TP in HIV-positive patients. In this study, we enhanced the aforementioned method by the simultaneous quantitation of ZDV-TP and lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-TP) in PBMCs from HIV-infected patients. The LOQ for 3TC-TP was 4.0 pmol, with an interassay coefficient of variation and an accuracy of 7 and 12%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the simultaneous in vivo determination of the ZDV-TP and 3TC-TP pharmacokinetic profiles from HIV-infected patients receiving HAART.
Credit-Product Interlinkage: Different Explanations

This paper is designed to provide different explanations for the existence of credit-product interlinkage in backward agriculture. The paper shows that the credit market imperfection is not the only explanation for the existence of credit-product interlinkage. It can also be explained in terms of product market imperfections and price uncertainty in the product market.
Novel Unified Analysis of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes over Generalized-K and AWGGN MIMO Networks

This paper presents a novel unified performance analysis of Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) operating in the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) network. Specifically, we derive a novel unified expression for the average bit error rate for all coherent modulation schemes assuming independent and identically distributed generalized-K fading channels, which accounts for both multipath fading and shadowing, and modeled via the Nakagami-m distribution and the gamma distributions, respectively. The noise model in the network is assumed to be an Additive White Generalized Gaussian Noise (AWGGN), which encompasses the Laplacian and the Gaussian noise environments as special cases. The derived expression obviates the need to recalculate the diversity of various receivers for many fading and noise models in a piecemeal fashion. Published results from the literature as well as numerical integration methods corroborate the accuracy of the unified expression.
Reliability and Validity Analysis of Statistical Reasoning Test Survey Instrument using the Rasch Measurement Model

This study is an assessment of the reliability and validity analysis of Statistical Reasoning Test Survey (SRTS) instrument using the Rasch Measurement Model. The SRTS instrument was developed by the researchers to assess students’ statistical reasoning in descriptive statistics among Tenth Grade science- stream students in rural schools. SRTS was a combination of a subjective test and an open-ended format questionnaire which contained of 12 items. The respondents’ statistical reasoning was assessed based on these four constructs: Describing Data, Organizing Data, Representing Data and Analyzing and Interpreting Data. The sample comprised of 115 (76%) girls and 36 (24%) boys aged 15-16 years old from a rural district in Sabah, Malaysia. Overall, the SRTS instrument was found to have a high reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha value (KR-20) of 0.81. Results also showed that SRTS has an excellent item reliability and high item separation value of 0.99 and 9.57 respectively. SRTS also has a good person reliability and person separation value of 0.81 and 2.04 respectively. Meanwhile, the validity of the SRTS instrument was appropriately established through the item fit, person fit, variable map, and unidimensionality. In conclusion, this study indicates that the SRTS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the statistical reasoning of science-stream students from rural secondary schools.
Tau-Driven Neuronal and Neurotrophic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Early Tauopathy

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intraneuronal inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and abnormal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key modulator of neuronal survival and function. The severity of both these pathological hallmarks correlate with the degree of cognitive impairment in patients. However, how tau pathology specifically modifies BDNF signaling and affects neuronal function during early prodromal stages of tauopathy remains unclear. Here, we report that the mild tauopathy developing in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the P301S tau transgenic (P301S) mouse induces functional retinal changes by disrupting BDNF signaling via the TrkB receptor. In adult P301S mice, the physiological visual response of RGCs to pattern light stimuli and retinal acuity decline significantly. As a consequence, the activity-dependent secretion of BDNF in the vitreous is impaired in P301S mice. Further, in P301S retinas, TrkB receptors are selectively upregulated, but uncoupled from downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling. We also show that the impairment of TrkB signaling is triggered by tau pathology and mediates the tau-induced dysfunction of visual response. Overall our results identify a neurotrophin-mediated mechanism by which tau induces neuronal dysfunction during prodromal stages of tauopathy and define tau-driven pathophysiological changes of potential value to support early diagnosis and informed therapeutic decisions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work highlights the potential molecular mechanisms by which initial tauopathy induces neuronal dysfunction. Combining clinically used electrophysiological techniques (i.e., electroretinography) and molecular analyses, this work shows that in a relevant model of early tauopathy, the retina of the P301S mutant human tau transgenic mouse, mild tau pathology results in functional changes of neuronal activity, likely due to selective impairment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor, TrkB. These findings may have important translational implications for early diagnosis in a subset of Alzheimer's disease patients with early visual symptoms and emphasize the need to clarify the pathophysiological changes associated with distinct tauopathy stages to support informed therapeutic decisions and guide drug discovery.