Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation energies of the high-density spin-polarized electron gas to meV accuracy

We present a novel combination of quantum Monte Carlo methods and a finite size extrapolation framework with which we calculate the thermodynamic limit of the exact correlation energy of the polarized electron gas at high densities to meV accuracy, $-40.44(5)$ and $-31.70(4)$ mHa at $r_{\rm s}=0.5$ and $1$, respectively. The fixed-node error is characterized and found to exceed $1$ mHa, and we show that the magnitude of the correlation energy of the polarized electron gas is underestimated by up to $6$ meV by the Perdew-Wang parametrization, for which we suggest improvements.
Central limit theorem for linear spectral statistics of large dimensional separable sample covariance matrices

Suppose that $\mathbf X_n=(x_{jk})$ is $N\times n$ whose elements are independent real variables with mean zero, variance 1 and the fourth moment equal to three. The separable sample covariance matrix is defined as $\mathbf{B}_n = \frac1N\mathbf{T}_{2n}^{1/2} \mathbf{X}_n \mathbf{T}_{1n} \mathbf{X}_n' \mathbf{T}_{2n}^{1/2}$ where $\mathbf{T}_{1n}$ is a symmetric matrix and $\mathbf{T}_{2n}^{1/2}$ is a symmetric square root of the nonnegative definite symmetric matrix $\mathbf{T}_{2n}$. Its linear spectral statistics (LSS) are shown to have Gaussian limits when $n/N$ approaches a positive constant.
POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF PEQUI (Caryocar brasiliense CAMB.) COLLECTED FROM THE PLANT OR AFTER NATURALLY FALLING OFF AND SUBJECTED TO SLOW AND QUICK FREEZING

Foram avaliados os teores de solidos soluveis (SS), acidez titulavel (AT), relacao SS/AT, pH, teor de umidade, acucares soluveis (AS), acucares redutores (AR) e acucares nao redutores (ANR) em polpa de frutos de pequi coletados na planta, coletados no chao apos a queda natural e coletados no chao tres dias apos a queda natural (caracterizando tres estagios de maturacao), e mantidos por seis meses em freezer apos submetidos a congelamento rapido (nitrogenio liquido seguido de freezer) e lento (diretamente em freezer). As variaveis avaliadas nao foram influenciadas pelo metodo de congelamento. Os teores de SS, AT, e AR foram crescentes com o avanco no estagio de maturacao dos frutos, indicando que frutos coletados na planta encontram-se imaturos e apresentam qualidade inferior aos coletados apos a queda natural. Embora considerados maduros quando caem da planta, um intervalo de tres dias entre a coleta apos a queda natural e o consumo favorece a qualidade dos frutos.
Seeing the landscape for the trees: Metrics to guide riparian shade management in river catchments

Rising water temperature (Tw) due to anthropogenic climate change may have serious consequences for river ecosystems. Conservation and/or expansion of riparian shade could counter warming and buy time for ecosystems to adapt. However, sensitivity of river reaches to direct solar radiation is highly heterogeneous in space and time, so benefits of shading are also expected to be site specific. We use a network of high‐resolution temperature measurements from two upland rivers in the UK, in conjunction with topographic shade modeling, to assess the relative significance of landscape and riparian shade to the thermal behavior of river reaches. Trees occupy 7% of the study catchments (comparable with the UK national average) yet shade covers 52% of the area and is concentrated along river corridors. Riparian shade is most beneficial for managing Tw at distances 5–20 km downstream from the source of the rivers where discharge is modest, flow is dominated by near‐surface hydrological pathways, there is a wide floodplain with little landscape shade, and where cumulative solar exposure times are sufficient to affect Tw. For the rivers studied, we find that approximately 0.5 km of complete shade is necessary to off‐set Tw by 1°C during July (the month with peak Tw) at a headwater site; whereas 1.1 km of shade is required 25 km downstream. Further research is needed to assess the integrated effect of future changes in air temperature, sunshine duration, direct solar radiation, and downward diffuse radiation on Tw to help tree planting schemes achieve intended outcomes.
Optical signatures of Dirac nodal lines in NbAs2

Significance The 3D nodal points in Dirac and/or Weyl semimetals are in the vanguard of quantum materials research. A hallmark of these systems is the linear band dispersion. This latter electronic stricture gives rise to unconventional transport and optical phenomena. Here, we demonstrate that solids with dispersive nodal lines in the electronic structure share many common aspects with the response of 3D nodal-points systems. We investigated NbAs2 using a combination of optical and magneto-optical techniques and have identified electromagnetic signature of dispersive nodal lines. This particular compound has allowed us to inquire the impact of spin-orbit coupling on the universal characteristic of nodal metals. Using polarized optical and magneto-optical spectroscopy, we have demonstrated universal aspects of electrodynamics associated with Dirac nodal lines that are found in several classes of unconventional intermetallic compounds. We investigated anisotropic electrodynamics of NbAs2 where the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) triggers energy gaps along the nodal lines. These gaps manifest as sharp steps in the optical conductivity spectra σ1(ω). This behavior is followed by the linear power-law scaling of σ1(ω) at higher frequencies, consistent with our theoretical analysis for dispersive Dirac nodal lines. Magneto-optics data affirm the dominant role of nodal lines in the electrodynamics of NbAs2.
Utilising hydrological signatures to improve baseflow estimation

Baseflow separation is a common exercise in hydrology. Recursive digital filters are often used to estimate baseflow by utilising the streamflow hydrograph. Calibration of these filters is noted for requiring subjective decisions. This study extended previous research by Su et al. (2016a). The utility of the signatures identified by Su et al. (2016a) was explored for the case of real world catchments. The output of a numerical experiment to determine parameters for hydrograph separation were compared to the default calibration technique as well as tracer-based baseflow estimates. It was found that hydrological signatures could be utilised to determine a set of parameters for the Eckhardt (2005) recursive digital filter from real streamflow data. The outcome of this process provided a range of baseflow values. This range demonstrated the uncertain nature of estimating baseflow and could be used as a more robust and reproducible method of hydrograph separation. However, areas of further research were also identified.
Quantum phase diagram of spin-1 
J1−J2
 Heisenberg model on the square lattice: An infinite projected entangled-pair state and density matrix renormalization group study

We study the spin-$1$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice with the antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor $J_1$ and the next-nearest-neighbor $J_2$ couplings by using the infinite projected entangled-pair state (iPEPS) ansatz and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculation. The iPEPS simulation, which studies the model directly in the thermodynamic limit, finds a crossing of the ground state from the N\'eel magnetic state to the stripe magnetic state at $J_2/J_1 \simeq 0.549$, showing a direct phase transition. In the finite-size DMRG calculation on the cylinder geometry up to the cylinder width $L_y = 10$, we find a very small intermediate regime $\sim 0.005 J_1$ between the two magnetic order phases, which may imply the absent intermediate phase. Both calculations identify that the stripe order comes with a first-order transition at $J_2/J_1 \simeq 0.549$. Our results indicate that unlike the spin-$1/2$ $J_1-J_2$ square model, quantum fluctuations in the spin-$1$ model may be not strong enough to stabilize an intermediate non-magnetic phase.
Cage-Net Fracton Models

We introduce a class of gapped three-dimensional models, dubbed "cage-net fracton models," which host immobile fracton excitations in addition to non-Abelian particles with restricted mobility. Starting from layers of two-dimensional string-net models, whose spectrum includes non-Abelian anyons, we condense extended one-dimensional "flux-strings" built out of point-like excitations. Flux-string condensation generalizes the concept of anyon condensation familiar from conventional topological order and allows us to establish properties of the fracton ordered (equivalently, flux-string condensed) phase, such as its ground state wave function and spectrum of excitations. Through the examples of doubled Ising and SU(2)$_k$ cage-net models, we demonstrate the existence of strictly immobile Abelian fractons and of non-Abelian particles restricted to move only along one dimension. In the doubled Ising cage-net model, we show that these restricted-mobility non-Abelian excitations are a fundamentally three-dimensional phenomenon, as they cannot be understood as bound states amongst two-dimensional non-Abelian anyons and Abelian particles. We further show that the ground state wave function of such phases can be understood as a fluctuating network of extended objects -- cages -- and strings, which we dub a cage-net condensate. Besides having implications for topological quantum computation in three dimensions, our work may also point the way towards more general insights into quantum phases of matter with fracton order.
Artificial flat band systems: from lattice models to experiments

Abstract Certain lattice wave systems in translationally invariant settings have one or more spectral bands that are strictly flat or independent of momentum in the tight binding approximation, arising from either internal symmetries or fine-tuned coupling. These flat bands display remarkable strongly interacting phases of matter. Originally considered as a theoretical convenience useful for obtaining exact analytical solutions of ferromagnetism, flat bands have now been observed in a variety of settings, ranging from electronic systems to ultracold atomic gases and photonic devices. Here we review the design and implementation of flat bands and chart future directions of this exciting field. Graphical Abstract
Is there proof that backreaction of inhomogeneities is irrelevant in cosmology?

No. In a number of papers, Green and Wald argue that the standard FLRW model approximates our Universe extremely well on all scales, except close to strong-field astrophysical objects. In particular, they argue that the effect of inhomogeneities on average properties of the Universe (backreaction) is irrelevant. We show that this latter claim is not valid. Specifically, we demonstrate, referring to their recent review paper, that (i) their two-dimensional example used to illustrate the fitting problem differs from the actual problem in important respects, and it assumes what is to be proven; (ii) the proof of the trace-free property of backreaction is unphysical and the theorem about it fails to be a mathematically general statement; (iii) the scheme that underlies the trace-free theorem does not involve averaging and therefore does not capture crucial non-local effects; (iv) their arguments are to a large extent coordinate-dependent, and (v) many of their criticisms of backreaction frameworks do not apply to the published definitions of these frameworks. It is therefore incorrect to infer that Green and Wald have proven a general result that addresses the essential physical questions of backreaction in cosmology.
Quantum Communications via Satellite with Photon Subtraction

Non-Gaussian continuous-variable quantum states represent a pivotal resource in many quantum information protocols. Production of such states can occur through photonic subtraction processes either at the transmitter side prior to sending a state through the channel, or at the receiver side on receipt of a state that has traversed the channel. In the context of quantum protocols implemented over communication channels to and from Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites it is unclear what photonic subtraction set-up will provide for the best performance. In this work we show that for a popular version of continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) between terrestrial stations and LEO satellites, photon subtraction at the transmitter side is the preferred set-up. Such a result is opposite to that found for fiber-based implementations. Our results have implications for all future space-based missions that seek to take advantage of the opportunities offered by non-Gaussian quantum states.
Mesoscopic electron transport and atomic gases, a review of Frank W. J. Hekking's scientific work

In this article, we provide an overview of the scientific contributions of Frank W. J. Hekking to the fields of mesoscopic electron transport and superconductivity as well as atomic gases. Frank Hekking passed away in May 2017. We hope that the present review gives a faithful testimony of his scientific legacy.
A case report of a surgical guide fabricated via intraoral scanning-based implant planning and wax-based rapid prototyping

With the recent progress of digital technology, the computer guided surgery utilizing a guide template in the placement of implant has been actively performed, and the method employing the intraoral scanner at the implant prosthesis introduced. Fabrication method of the guide template can be largely classified into design-related rapid prototyping (RP) system and vector milling system, and each of the method has its own weakness in the clinical application despite of excellent accuracy. Thus, in this case study, a work- ing model was fabricated by the wax RP technology using images acquired by CBCT and an intraoral scanner, and the metal bushing was picked up with orthodontic resin cast upon the wax model. Using this method, a surgical guide template was fabricated and used in surgery. From this, we could obtain a satisfactory outcome clinically in the implant placement and the fabrication of the final prostheses and thus report this case herein. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2015;53:244-9)
EcOlOgy Of WillOW flycATchErS ( EMPIDONAX TRAILLII ) iN ThE SiErrA NEVAdA , cAlifOrNiA : EffEcTS Of mEAdOW chArAcTEriSTicS ANd WEAThEr ON dEmOgrAPhicS

—Population declines in songbirds are often attributed to regional habitat loss and fragmentation caused by land-use practices, which might be further aggravated by climate change. These concerns are particularly evident in the intermountain West, where riparian areas are considered a priority for conservation because of predicted reductions in winter precipitation and increases in spring temperatures. These climatic changes might increase the susceptibility of species reliant on riparian areas to regional extirpation from loss of habitat. The Willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) is a california species of concern because of precipitous population declines in the past three decades. in 1997, we established a long-term research program to determine population demographics and the effects of weather events and regionalscale meadow distribution and vegetative structure on nesting success of Willow flycatchers. We monitored territory establishment and reproductive success of 786 territories and 850 nests in meadows distributed south and north of lake Tahoe, california, from 1997 to 2008. We documented near extirpation of Willow flycatchers south of the lake and a declining trend in the number of territories north of the lake. late-spring storms and low temperatures at the start of the breeding season reduced the length of the breeding season, affecting the ability of Willow flycatchers to renest. Nest age better predicted nest survival than meadow-scale landscape and weather variables. Although weather parameters were not significant as a direct influence on nest survival analyses, our results suggested a weak negative relationship with increased snowfall. for our nest-scale model evaluation, over-nest vegetation concealment increased nest survival in large meadows but had little effect on nest survival in smaller meadows. Evidence from our dispersal data implied that Willow flycatchers in our study regions had high nataland breeding-site fidelity, which suggests that recruitment across these study regions might be limited. given that we observed a declining population trend in the South Tahoe region, our results suggest that populations in the South Tahoe region may not rebound. compared with a reference site that we established in 2003, where the population of Willow flycatchers appeared to be stable, reproductive success was lower at our long-term sites. We suggest that differences in breeding-season length and the quality of habitat in meadows contributed to lower reproductive success and to the observed population declines.
Jordanian Social Studies Teachers' Perceptions of Competency Needed for Implementing Technology in the Classroom.

This study used a cross-sectional, ten-point Likert-type scale survey design, to examine the perception of Jordanian seventh to twelfth-grade social studies teachers of the competency needed for technology implementation in their classrooms. The instrument for this study was a modified version of a survey developed by Kelly (2003) called the Technology in Education Survey (TIES). The scale ranged from 1-10, with 1 being the lowest score, indicating not important or not competent, and 10 being the highest score, indicating very important or very competent. Due to the cultural context of the study, the researcher used an Arabic-language version of the survey used by Al Ghazo (2008). The convenience sample (n = 221) was a blend of male (n = 135) and female teachers (n = 86). A significant interaction was found between age and gender of social studies teachers and their perceptions of competency needed to implement technology. Female teachers who were thirty or younger and who were thirty-one to thirty-nine scored the highest mean of perceptions of competency toward implementing technology in social studies classrooms, higher than all male teachers, while male and female teachers who were forty or older scored the same lowest mean (49.5) of perceptions of competency. Female teachers with the least teaching experience had high perceptions of competency for implementing technology in social studies classrooms, while female teachers with the most teaching experience had lower perceptions of competency than male teachers. The result of the study provides useful information to social studies educators, professional development leaders, national policy makers and teachers of social studies who are interested in understanding the factors that affect technology use in social studies classrooms in Jordan
The Modelling Framework for Experimental Physics: description, development, and applications

The ability to construct, use, and revise models is a crucial experimental physics skill. Many existing frameworks describe modelling in science education at introductory levels. However, most have limited applicability to the context of upper-division physics lab courses or experimental physics. Here, we review the Modelling Framework for Experimental Physics, a theoretical framework tailored to labs and experimentation. A key feature of the framework is recursive interaction between models and apparatus. Models are revised to account for new evidence produced by apparatus, and apparatus are revised to better align with the simplifying assumptions of models. Another key feature is the distinction between the physical phenomenon being investigated and the measurement equipment used to conduct the investigation. Models of physical systems facilitate explanation or prediction of phenomena, whereas models of measurement systems facilitate interpretation of data. We describe the framework, provide a chronological history of its development, and summarise its applications to research and curricular design. Ultimately, we argue that the Modelling Framework is a theoretically sound and well-tested tool that is applicable to multiple physics domains and research purposes. In particular, it is useful for characterising students’ approaches to experimentation, designing or evaluating curricula for lab courses, and developing instruments to assess students’ experimental modelling skills.
Postpartum Depression and its Correlates among Women Living in Zabol (Iran)

Objectivet: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women living in Zabol, a city in South-East of Iran. Method: 2 to 8 weeks after delivery, 408 women were assessed for depression and some of its risk factors. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was (40.4 %). Risk factors for the onset of post-partum depression included younger age, low income families, unemployment, history of depression, lack of family support, formula feeding, relationship difficulties with spouse, parents or parents-in-law. Type of delivery, number of pregnancy, number of delivery, satisfaction with sex of the baby, and number of children, were not associated with occurrence of PPD. Conclusion: Depression occurs frequently after childbirth. The findings have implications for policies concerning maternal and childcare programs.
Predicting Spatial Distribution of Human—Black Bear Interactions in Urban Areas

ABSTRACT Human—wildlife interactions are often associated with a myriad of stakeholder groups, intense political scrutiny, and limited biological data, creating complex decision-making situations for wildlife management agencies. Limited research exists on the development and testing of tools (e.g., models to predict the spatial distribution of interactions) to reduce human—black bear (Ursus americanus) interactions (HBI). Available models predicting spatial distribution of HBI are usually developed at scales too large to predict across urban areas, are rarely tested against independent data sets, and usually do not incorporate both landscape and anthropogenic variables. Our objective was to develop a predictive modeling tool that could identify areas of high conflict potential across urban landscapes. We compared locations of HBI in Missoula, MT, recorded by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks from 2003 to 2008, to random locations using logistic regression. The final model discriminated the relative spatial probability of HBI within Missoula well, and a second study area moderately. The probability of HBI in Missoula increased when residents lived close to forested patches and major rivers and streams and in intermediate housing densities (approx. 6.59 houses/ ha). Our results provide a wildlife management tool and a repeatable statistical framework that predicts spatial distribution of HBI using only a small set of variables.
Heavy charged Higgs boson production at the LHC

A bstractIn this paper we study the production of a heavy charged Higgs boson in association with heavy quarks at the LHC in the two-Higgs-doublet model. We present for the first time fully-differential results obtained in the four-flavour scheme at NLO accuracy, both at fixed order and including the matching with parton showers. Relevant differential distributions are studied for two values of the charged boson mass and a thorough comparison is performed between predictions obtained in the four- and five-flavour schemes. We show that the agreement between the two schemes is improved by NLO(+PS) corrections for observables inclusive in the degrees of freedom of bottom quarks. We argue that the four-flavour scheme leads to more reliable predictions, thanks to its accurate description of the bottom-quark kinematics and its small dependence on the Monte Carlos, which in turn is rather large in the five-flavour scheme. A detailed set of recommendations for the simulation of this process in experimental analyses at the LHC is provided.