Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of complications in patients of Plasmodium vivax malaria at a tertiary center in Northwest India

Background: Malaria is a protozoal disease caused by infection with parasites of Plasmodium species, such as P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi through female Anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium vivax alone causes 60 to 65% of infections in India. The main objective of the study was to observe various complications in the patients affected with P. vivax malaria and to analyse the clinical, hematological and biochemical profile of these patients.Methods: A non-randomized prospective study was carried out on 170 patients with acute febrile illness admitted in the department of Medicine, SMS Hospital, Jaipur during period from October 2011 to September 2012 presented The infection was confirmed by detection of parasite (for P. vivax) in peripheral blood film by thick and thin slide methods and rapid diagnostic test (Optimal test). Results: Male preponderance was seen in the study. Death was noted in 5 (3%) patients. Thrombocytopenia (85%) was the most common finding observed. Level of serum creatinine was more than 1.5 mg/dl in 34.7% patients. Thirty-one patients (18.23%) had severe anaemia (Hb <6 gm/dl). Severe hypoglycemia was observed in 19 patients (<40-60 mg/dl). Acute renal failure was common comorbidity observed in majority of the patients. Mean LDH value was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis and anemia.Conclusions: The clinical pattern of P. vivax monoinfection has changed recently. Every patient of P. vivax malaria should be evaluated thoroughly for clinical or biochemical evidence of any complications and patients presenting with complications should managed as per guidelines of severe malaria.
Evaluation of SEPP1 and Selenoprotein S Gene Polymorphisms (rs7579 and rs34713741) in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility in Subset of Iranian Population: A Case–control Study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is rated as the second cause of cancer death worldwide. Selenium (Se) has antioxidant activity and antitumor effect, especially in colon cancer. This important role occurs through selenoproteins. Low Se intake or low plasma Se and selenoproteins concentrations are associated with higher risk of CRC. rs7579 polymorphism in 3’ untranslated region of the SEPP1 gene can effect on selenocysteine incorporation during protein synthesis and also effect on microRNA –messengerRNA interaction and sequentially change in SEPP1 expression. rs34713741 polymorphism as a promoter variant in selenoprotein S (SELS) gene can effect on SElS expression and finally lead to increased CRC risk. Methods: A case–control study using 60 CRC patients and 74 noncancerous counterparts were undertaken in order to determine rs7579 and rs34713741 genotypes using real-time polymerase chain reaction high-resolution melting method. Results: We found an association of borderline statistical significance between allele A for rs7579 in SEPP1 and CRC risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.63; confidential interval = 0.99–2.07; P = 0.05). The frequency of genotypes rs34713741 of the mentioned polymorphisms was not significantly different between case and control groups (P = 0.23 and P = 0.93, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggest that these polymorphisms probably has not a substantial role in Iranian CRC risk and is not a serious potential factor in risk assessment of mentioned disease among Iranians.
Impact of pharmacist provided knowledge on dengue among selected school children

Background: Dengue is a self-limiting acute mosquito transmitted disease caused by an arbovirus and spread by Aedes mosquitoes, sever infections results in DHF & DSS. Hence school education has been described as a ‘social vaccine’, and it can serve as a powerful preventive tool. Aim & Objectives: To assess the prevalence of mosquito borne diseases among School children, to assess the knowledge level of high school children regarding dengue and its prevention before and after the administration of planned teaching programme and to provide health education regarding dengue fever among school children. Materials and Methods: A six months’ community based prospective observational study was conducted at selected schools of Gulbarga District. Total of 265 students were enrolled into the study by considering study criteria. Our inclusion criteria are all students of secondary school students of class 8th -10th. The data was collected from school children of RGEMS & AEMS in Gulbarga district. Results: In our study, most of the students were unaware of insect and species of mosquito which is responsible for causing DF, DHS & DSS and their knowledge was found to be excellent 3.6%, good 33.46%, average 37.90% and poor 25.00% before providing the knowledge. We pharmacist in our study played a vital role in providing education to the school children and their knowledge progress after our study was found, excellent 69.23%, good 30.76% and none of the students had average and poor knowledge. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the educational interventions by the pharmacist plays a vital role by educating the students and their by improving theirs and surrounding community health. Hence it is very imperative for pharmacists and other health care disciplinarians to carry out community based studies or educational interventions at all levels of students particularly in rural India where there is scope to improve their knowledge which helps students their parents and siblings and surrounding community.
HIV-2 Treatment in Mali and Drug Resistance Antiretroviral Profile

Aims: We evaluated different treatment regimens administered to patients infected with HIV-2 in Mali, and studied pol polymorphisms that may influence susceptibility to antiretrovirals. Methodology: We collected 57 blood samples from HIV - 2 seropositive patients in health centers in Mali (Bamako, Segou and Sikasso), including 21 treated patients and 36 untreated patients. The confirmation of the serological status and the measurement of the viral load were carried out in Brussels. Genotypic analysis of protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase was then performed on specimens with detectable viral load. The search for ARV resistance mutations and polymorphism positions was performed in comparison with reference sequences. Results: The most used treatment regimen was ZDV-3TC-LPV/ r. Genotypic analysis of protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase was performed on 20 samples from patients with detectable viral load: 16 untreated patients and 4 treated patients. Seventy-five percent of the strains analyzed correspond to group A of HIV-2. In 2cas, mutations associated with resistance to the administered molecules were found. Three viral strains from untreated patients had NRTI or PI resistance mutations. In integrase, no mutation associated with resistance was observed. Conclusion: The circulation of strains carrying resistance mutations to NRTIs and PIs has been observed in Mali.
Absenteeism among staff of a state specialist hospital in Nigeria

Absenteeism occurs when an employee (individual) does not come to work for one or more days (or shifts) when assigned. It is a common global occurrence having negative effects on work productivity. This study aimed to determine the level of absenteeism and contributory factors among staff of Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Plateau State. This was a facility based, cross sectional study, involving 181 hospital staff, consecutively selected. A structured, pre tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess absenteeism within the previous one year. Data was collected and analysed using Epi info statistical software (and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Annual prevalence of absenteeism was 38.7%, crude absence rate; 1.6% and sickness absenteeism; 28.7%. Other factors included attending burials, weddings, study, examinations, family responsibilities, inadequate salary, working additional jobs, lack of promotion, and transportation problems. There was a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.0026) between poor remuneration and absenteeism. In conclusion, majority of the workers at the hospital had not been absent in the preceding year. It is therefore recommended that hospital management should improve staff remuneration.
Relationship between level of red blood cell indices and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy. According to maternal-fetal complications of GDM, recognizing the related factors is crucial. There is evidence of association between some red blood cell indices such as hemoglobin and gestational diabetes. This study was performed with aimed to determine the relationship between level of red blood cells indices and risk of GDM occurrence. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 190 pregnant women with and without GDM referred to the prenatal care clinic of Tajrish Shohada hospital from October 2017 to March 2018. GDM screening tests was done by oral glucose tolerance test)OGTT) with 75-gr glucose and complete blood cell count measurement in gestational age of 24-28. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Correlation, and logistic regression. PResults: Except than mean cellular weight (p= 0.06), other red blood cell indices (including red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corposcular hemoglobin) were associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus occurrence (p<0.05). According to Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for significant variables and determination of sensitivity and specificity of cut points, the area under the curve was greater for hematocrit than other variables. Conclusion: Elevated hematocrit level among all red blood cell indices in second trimester had the strongest association with increased risk of GDM occurrence. This important issue requires special attention to hematocrit levels when administrating iron supplements in pregnancy.
Interleukin 15 and granulocytes colony stimulating factor levels in relation to ICSI outcome in subfertile PCOS women

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome constitutes a complex heterogeneous disorder, considered one of the leading cause of delayed conception in women. Serum and follicular fluid cytokines are subject of extensive studies to identify their role in subfertility with controversial results. This study was aimed to evaluate the relation of Granulocytes Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and Interleukin 15 (IL 15) levels to ovarian response and ICSI outcome in PCOS women undergoing ICSI. This cross-sectional study conducted at High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technique and Baghdad IVF Private Centre. Which include 80 women divided into two groups: 40 PCOS women without other causes of subfertility and 40 non PCOS women with other causes of subfertility. Ovarian hormonal stimulation conducted according to GnRH antagonist protocol, then serum & follicular fluid obtained at the day of oocyte retrieval for measurement of G-CSF & IL 15 concentration measured by ELISA method, then statistical analysis is used to correlate the concentration of the cytokine with follicle number, retrieved oocyte number, oocyte maturity, number of 2PN oocytes, number of grade1 embryones, biochemical pregnancies and clinical pregnancy rates. The results of currents study revealed that Serum estradiol (E2) on hCG day was (2238.70 ±468.95 vs. 1997.40 ±291.95 pg/ml), endometrial thickness (10.80 ±1.49 vs. 10.24 ±0.98 mm), total follicle number (15.53 ±3.86 versus 12.43 ±2.25), oocyte number (13.03 ±3.10 vs. 9.83 ±1.52), mature oocyte (MII) number (9.48 ±2.45 vs. 7.75 ±1.48) mean number of fertilized oocytes (2PN) was (6.25 ±1.41 vs. 5.35 ±1.08), being higher in PCOS women compared to the control group. On day of oocytes retrieval, both median level of serum G-CSF (54.30) (35.35) and follicular G-CSF (59.00) (38.72) levels were significantly higher in PCOS than control groups, while there was no significant difference in median level of serum IL15 (59.10) (17.75) and median level of follicular IL-15(61.40) (16.00) between PCOS and control groups. The study concluded that in spite of higher levels of G-CSF and IL15 in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS women, a relation between G-CSF and IL15 with ovarian response could not be established in comparison to control group, however, both (G-CSF and IL15) may be a predictor of pregnancy among the same group of women both PCOS and controls.
Exploring the nootropic effect of Juniperus recurva extract: Possible involvement of acetylcholinesterase inhibition

Background: Currently, available therapy for the treatment of memory impairment is far from satisfactory. Therefore, the agents of natural origin may serve as potential therapies. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of Juniperus recurva extract. Materials and Methods: The methanol extract of J. recurva was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was corroborated by diphenyl picryl hydrazine scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, metal chelating, and reducing power activity. Memory impairment was induced by the administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p) on 3 consecutive days to mice and assessment of memory acquisition and memory retention was done using Morris water maze test, passive avoidance test, elevated plus maze test, and light and dark box test, motor coordination was evaluated using the rotarod test and inclined plane test; and depression was evaluated by forced swim test. Serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was quantified by Ellman’s method. Results: The HPLC analysis of J. recurva extract revealed gallic acid as a prominent peak. The extract was found to have an excellent antioxidant effect in all the tests employed. The in vivo studies revealed memory enhancing and improved motor coordination activity of the extract in mice. Serum AChE activity was decreased on the administration of the extract. Conclusion: The inhibition of the AChE enzyme contributes to the memory-enhancing activity of J. recurva extract.
Prevalence of Obesity among Adult Population in Karbala

Objective: To determine the prevalence and type of obesity in adult population in Karbala city and its correlation with age, sex, social class, educational level, occupation, history of chronic medical diseases, and family history of obesity. Design: Population-based observational study. Setting: Al Hussein Hospital in Karbala city. Subjects: A total of 1545 companion of patients attending the outpatient clinic in Al Hussain hospital. They were 844 men and 701 women and aged 20-81 years. Methods: Socio-demographic data collected includes age, sex, socioeconomic status, educational level, type of work, presence of chronic medical diseases, and family history Kufa Med. Journal 2008. Vol. 11. No.1 344 of obesity. Anthropometric indices including weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/ m were considered obese. Abdominal obesity was considered when waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS program. Results: Of the 1545 individuals who were examined in this study 453 (29.3%) were obese, 485 (31.4%) were overweight, 519 (33.6%) had normal body weight and 88 (5.7%) were underweight. The average BMI was higher in women Abdominal obesity was determined in 51.5% of women and 13.3% of men. Positive correlations were determined between BMI and age, and family history of obesity, and waist circumference. The prevalence of obesity showed a positive correlation with age and it is higher in individuals with low educational level. Conclusion: Obesity affects about 30% of adult population in Karbala, and it is higher in women. Abdominal obesity affect more than 50% of women. This high prevalence of obesity should be described as an epidemic which demands community based multiple strategies to control and to treat affected individuals.
Adverse Events Encountered in Platelet Aphaeresis Procedure and Their Management: A Retrospective Study

Background: Platelet aphaeresis is an essential procedure, which meets the demand of single donor platelets (SDP) effectively. The procedure is well tolerated by donors with fewer side effects. Adverse events in Platelet aphaeresis have been reported from as low as 0.32 to 6.81%. Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to ascertain adverse events observed in a large cohort of platelet aphaeresis procedures and determining management strategies to resolve them. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, from January 2012 to May 2019 in Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Donors for Platelet aphaeresis were selected based on the standard criteria of National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines 2017 and Platelet aphaeresis protocol. Leukoreduced SDP were collected by Haemonetics® MCS +, having Leukoreduction bag system. Adverse events encountered were noted and categorized. Results: A total number of 1600 Plateletpheresis procedures were conducted to prepare SDP and transfused to 1054 patients. A total of 24 out of 1600 plateletaphaeresis procedures reported adverse events (1.5%). Donor related adverse events were 16 (66.6%), Kit related 4 (16.66%) procedure related were 4 (16.66%). Three out of 24 procedures were terminated prematurely, 1 due to severe hypocalcaemia (ACD effect) in donor and 2 due to bowl leakage. Conclusion: Platelet aphaeresis is a safe procedure for donors if done expertly while exercising caution. Adverse events reported are minimal and manageable.
Using Social Cognitive Theory to Investigate the Risk Factors of Waterpipe Smoking among Southeastern Iranian Adolescents

Background: Explaining the risk factors of waterpipe smoking (WS) is very necessary in prevention programs. The aim of this study was determining the risk factors and the prevalence of WS in adolescents based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among urban adolescents in two provinces located in the South East of Iran. We recruited 1,218 adolescents (girls=595 and boys=623) through multistage sampling during the period October 2017 to February 2018. The data collection tool was a self-administered standardized questionnaire that included basic baseline characteristics, SCT constructs items and questions about WS behavior in the participants. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 22.0. Results The ever use prevalence of WS in boys was 43.8% (n= 264), and in girls 27% (n=160). WS in family member (OR=1.87, CI: 1.32-2.63; p<0.001) and intimate friends (OR=2.34, CI: 1.70- 2.26; p<0.001) were the most important risk factors for adolescents. In the relation of WS with constructs of SCT: outcome expectations (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84; p<0.001), outcome expectancy, (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.55-0.85; p=0.002) self-efficacy, (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.23- 0.41; p<0.001), and situational perception (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.47- 0.84: p=0.002) were the most important and related factors of WS. Boys were 1.92 times (OR: 1.06 – 2.43; p<0.001) more exposed to water-pipe smoking than girls. Conclusion The prevalence of WS was notable in students especially in boys. Peer group and family are important risk factors for tendency toward WS in adolescence. Also, lower score in SCT constructs such as knowledge, self-efficacy and situational perception in adolescents are important risk factors for WS in participants.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Oral Health-Related Quality of Life for Children and Their Caregivers

Author(s): Mo, Helen | Advisor(s): Stewart, Ray | Abstract: Purpose: To assess age-related differences in oral health related quality of life for a population of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and their caregivers.Methods: Participants included children referred to at the Service Training Advocacy Research (STAR) Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and NDDs at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). An oral health survey consisting of two previously validated surveys 1) the World Health Organization (WHO) oral questionnaire and 2) the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was given to their primary caregivers. The survey was used to assess the child’s oral health, parental perception of the child’s health, parental comfort level in providing dental care, and overall oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL). Data was collected, and subjects were categorized into two groups by age: 1) those under 6 years of age, and 2) those 6 years and older. Appropriate statistical analyses were conducted with p-valuel0.05 to be statistically significant. Linear regressions were completed to compare age to ECOHIS scores. Results: Statistically significant differences in OHRQL were present between age groups for ECOHIS-total and ECOHIS-family impact. Linear regressions showed statistically significant correlation between age and ECOHIS scores in all domains. Therefore, OHRQL was shown to worsen as the child ages. Conclusion: Families of children with NDDs reported negative impact on their OHRQL. Age-related differences in OHRQL emphasize the importance of early intervention and early establishment of a dental home for children with NDDs.
An Experimental Study on Effectiveness of Spontaneous Respiratory Modulation and Aerobic Exercise in Subjects with Grade-1 Hypertension

Background: Objective of the study was to compare the effect of spontaneous respiratory modulation and aerobic exercise in Grade 1 hypertensive patients. Study Design is an Experimental study, study was conducted at Co-operative Institute of Health Sciences, Thalasseri, India, A total numbers of 30 subjects were included for the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Intervention: The participants were divided into two groups, experimental group (=15) and control group (n=15). The control group received aerobic exercise on five days per week for a month, while the experimental group was assigned to do spontaneous respiratory modulation on two days per week and aerobic exercise on five days per week for a month. Outcome measures: Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure was evaluated using sphygmomanometer. Results: Significant improvements in all outcome parameters were observed in response to the intervention. Between group analysis showed a statistically significant difference in SBP (P=0.000) and DBP (P=0.008) Conclusion: The study concluded that spontaneous respiratory modulation and aerobic exercise training is an effective approach to improve blood pressure in grade 1 hypertensive patients.