Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMR of small solutes in liquid crystals and molecular sieves

The present thesis deals with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of small solutes applied to the studies of liquid crystals and molecular sieves. In this method, changes induced by the investigated environment to the static spectral parameters (i.e. nuclear shielding, indirect and direct spin-spin coupling and quadrupole coupling) of the solute are measured. The nuclear shielding of dissolved noble gases is utilized for the studies of thermotropic liquid crystals. The relation between the symmetry properties of mesophases and the nuclear shielding is described. The different interaction mechanisms perturbing the observed noble gas nuclear shielding are discussed, particularly, the role of long-range attractive van der Waals interactions is brought out. The suitability of the noble gas NMR spectroscopy to the studies of lyotropic liquid crystals is investigated in terms of nuclear shielding and quadrupole coupling interactions. In molecular sieve systems, the effect of interand intracrystalline motions of solutes on their NMR spectra is discussed. A novel method for the measurement of the intracrystalline motions is developed. The distinctions in the  C shielding of methane adsorbed in AlPOe-11 and SAPO-11, two structurally similar molecular sieves differing in composition, are indicated.
Barycenters of measures on certain noncompact convex sets

Each norm closed and bounded convex subset K of a separable dual Banach space is, according to a theorem of Bessaga and Pelczynski, the norm closed convex hull of its extreme points. It is natural to expect that this theorem may be reformulated as an integral representation theorem, and in this connection we have examined the extent to which the Choquet theory applies to such sets. Two integral representation theorems are proved and an example is included which shows that a sharp result obtains for certain noncompact sets. In addition, the set of extreme points of K is shown to be a-measurable for each finite regular Borel measure , hence eliminating certain possible measure-theoretic difficulties in proving a general integral representation theorem. The last section is devoted to the study of a class of extreme points (called pinnacle points) which share important geometric properties with extreme points of compact convex sets in locally convex spaces. A uniqueness result is included for certain simplexes all of whose extreme points are pinnacle points. Introduction. In 1966 Bessaga and Pelczynski [1] proved that each norm closed and bounded convex subset of a separable dual Banach space is the norm closed convex hull of its extreme points, thus providing a "Krein-Milman" type theorem for a certain collection of noncompact sets. (A more elementary proof of this result has been given in [11].) For compact convex sets (in locally convex spaces) the Krein-Milman theorem can easily be reformulated as an integral representation theorem, using measures which are supported by the closure of the set of extreme points (see for example [13, p. 6]). This formulation has a large number of applications to analysis, probability, etcetera. A much more precise kind of representation theorem is provided by Choquet theory, where the measures (at least in the metrizable case) are supported by the set of extreme points, not just the closure. (See [5] and [2]. For a comprehensive and readable account see [13].) The BessagaPelczynski theorem would probably find greater applicability if it too could be reformulated as an integral representation theorem. As a step towards solving this problem we investigate to what extent the Choquet theory applies to the sets described in the Bessaga-Pelczynski theorem. We take this opportunity to thank Professor R. R. Phelps for directing the author's thesis from which this paper is Received by the editors October 17, 1969. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 46B99; Secondary 46G99, 28A40.
Expressions to implement the IAU 2000 definition of UT1

This paper provides expressions to be used to implement the new definition of UT1 corresponding to the IAU 2000 resolutions either in the new (CEO-based) or classical (equinox-based) transformations between the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) and the Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS). The new expression for Greenwich Sidereal Time (GST) has to be in agreement at the microarcsecond level, for one century, with the IAU 2000 expressions for the Earth Rotation Angle (ERA) and for the quantity s positioning the Celestial Ephemeris Origin (CEO) on the equator of the CIP. The computations of the new expressions using the IAU 2000 precession-nutation model are performed in such a manner as to ensure that there is no discontinuity in UT1 on 1 January 2003 and that there is equivalence of the classical and new transformations between the ITRS and GCRS relative to the rotation about the axis of the CIP when these expressions are used. The equinox offset that is considered in the computations refers to the dynamical mean equinox of J2000.0. The resulting expressions have been included in the IERS Conventions 2000.
Analysis of Electroencephalogram and Pulse Waves during Music Listening

A tentative study is performed on the psychological effects of music based on the analysis of physiological indexes. We measured simultaneously the scalp electroencephalograms (EEG) and fingertip pulse waves for six healthy subjects before, during and after listening to music. The values of their low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components of heart rate variability are obtained. By the method from chaos analysis, we calculated the largest Lyapunov exponents (LLE) of both scalp EEG and finger plethysmogram. Comparing the data of the resting condition and the music-listening condition, we observed significant tendencies over all subjects. We found that both values of LF and HF decreased, and so did the mean value taken over 14 EEG channels which were used for computation of LLE, whereas the distribution of the values tends to become average. Furthermore, it is notable that this averaging degree of LLE of scalp EEG generally accords with the decreasing rate of HF which reflects the activity of parasympathetic nerves.
Mixing Methods : A Bayesian Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Inferences Version 2 . 0

Some scholars have suggested that quantitative and qualitative approaches to causal inference can be unified under an essentially correlational framework. Other scholars have argued that such a conceptualization does not exploit the non-correlational information that is central to process tracing. We formalize an alternative unification —Bayesian Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative data (BIQQ) — that allows researchers to draw causal inferences from combinations of withinand cross-case observations given prior beliefs about causal e↵ects, assignment propensities, and the informativeness of di↵erent types of within-case observations. The framework further generates learning about the assumptions underlying correlational and process-based inference. We illustrate the approach with simulated data and with two applications to substantive issues that have received significant quantitative and qualitative treatment in political science: the origins of electoral systems and the causes of civil war. Finally, we demonstrate how the framework can yield guidance on research design, presenting results on the optimal combinations of within-case and cross-case data collection under di↵erent research conditions. ⇤Department of Political Science, Columbia University. Email: mh2245@columbia.edu Our thanks for comments on an earlier version of this paper to Andrew Bennett, Colin Elman, Andrew Gelman, Don Green, Elizabeth King, and participants at the IQMMR Authors’ Workshop at Syracuse University. Our thanks too to Andrew Guess and Sarah Khan for terrific research assistance and their many generous comments. †Department of Political Science, UBC. Email: alan.jacobs@ubc.ca
LEAF SALICYLIC ACID CONCENTRATION AND INSECT HERBIVORY

Due to their stationary existence, plants are exposed to an array of attackers including pathogens and insect herbivores. In defense, plants employ sophisticated responses mediated by the hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). These two hormones act antagonistically to fine-tune expression of defense compounds to a particular attacker. This is an important component of optimal defense theory (ODT), which states that expression of defenses is costly due to limited metabolic resources. Several studies have shown that increased expression, or exogenous application, of SA inhibits expression of JA-mediated defenses, and vice versa. However, no studies have investigated how constitutive SA levels affect JA-mediated defenses. After reviewing the literature on ODT, I present a review of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) and their specialist insect herbivores Pieris butterflies, which is the model system used in my first study. In this study, I compared constitutive SA levels in five spring-flowering and five summer-flowering mustard species and found that the spring-flowering species received significantly less herbivory and supported lower caterpillar relative growth rate (RGR) than the summer-flowering species. I then asked whether the differences that I observed could be explained by the underlying leaf SA concentrations. I found that the species with the lowest constitutive SA concentrations were the most resistant to herbivory and supported the lowest larval RGR. The highest herbivory rate and RGR occurred in species with intermediate concentrations of constitutive SA. In a second study, I investigated the inhibition of JA-mediated defenses by induced SA levels. I applied a commonly-used SA analog to five mustard species then measured RGR of the generalist caterpillar, Trichoplusia ni. I found that exogenous SA increased plant susceptibility in most, but not all plants. The exception being an agricultural variety of the perennial plant, Lesquerella fendleri. I conclude that low constitutive SA concentrations may benefit plants by reducing herbivory and larval growth rates of insect herbivores. The finding that constitutive SA levels affect herbivore performance is unprecedented and has implications for our understanding of the evolution of plant defenses and for the cultivation of more insect-resistant crops.
Heart disease characteristics in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of activity and remission in which any organ can be affected. Cardiovascular involvement represents an important cause of mortality in SLE patients after infections. Indeed, valvular involvement in a patient with cutaneous lupus is considered the first sign of a systemic condition. These patients may have an isolated condition in the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, valves and vascular bed or an overall involvement. Cardiac alterations may be present in more than 50% of patients at any stage of disease progression, especially in men, who have a higher risk of cardiovascular disorders. This paper is a review of the characteristics of cardiac involvement in SLE patients and its clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
Suppressing quantum fluctuations in classicalization

We study vacuum quantum fluctuations of simple Nambu-Goldstone bosons —derivatively coupled single scalar-field theories possessing shift symmetry in field space. We argue that quantum fluctuations of the interacting field can be drastically suppressed with respect to the free-field case. Moreover, the power spectrum of these fluctuations can soften to become red for sufficiently small scales. In quasiclassical approximation, we demonstrate that this suppression can only occur for those theories that admit such classical static backgrounds around which small perturbations propagate faster than light. Thus, a quasiclassical softening of quantum fluctuations is only possible for theories which classicalize instead of having a usual Lorentz invariant and local Wilsonian UV completion. We illustrate our analysis by estimating the quantum fluctuations for the DBI-like theories.
INVESTMENT ON THE COMMUNITY INCOME AND THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CENTRAL JAVA

This article attempts to analyze the impact of investment on the community income and the economic growth in Central Java using the social accounting matrix (SAM) framework con- cerning people’s income and economic growth. The data were taken from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Thus, it concerns production factor block, institutional block, and produc- tion sector block. It shows that investment influences the people income and economical growth. People’s income that is most affected is farming business income while that of being less affected is farming worker. The distribution of people’s income is not spread evenly among the group. Furthermore, investment production block has positive impact on the big- gest economic growth, especially on manufacturing industry sectors, except food, electricity, gasses, and drinking water. People’s income condition and economic growth which are in- fluenced by investment proved to have no difference. As such, several factors that support investment atmosphere policy: bureaucracy and licensing, infrastructure, and investment protection from illegal tolls must be given more serious attention. Beside, investment is ex- pected to grow effectively and efficiently. Next, the implication of investment policy as the main generator of economic growth trough production sector has biggest positive impact, especially on financial institution and trade sector, while investment has less impact on in- dustrial and agricultural sectors especially on food crop and food industry.
Overlooked gall-inducing moths revisited, with the description of Andescecidiumparrai gen. et sp. n. and Olierasaizi sp. n. from Chile (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae)

Abstract There are still many gall systems associated with larvae of Lepidoptera in which the true gall-inducers have not been identified to species. Reports on misidentification of gall inducers have been recurrent for these galls, particularly in complex gall-systems that may include inquilines, kleptoparasites, and cecidophages, among other feeding guilds such as predators and parasitoid wasps. Here we describe and illustrate the adults, larvae, pupae and galls, based on light and scanning microscopy, of Andescecidiumparraigen. et sp. n. and Olierasaizisp. n. , two sympatric cecidosid moths that are associated with Schinuspolygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) in central Chile. Adults, immatures, and galls of the former did not conform to any known cecidosid genus. Galls of A.parrai are external, spherical, and conspicuous, being known for more than one century. However, their induction has been mistakenly associated with either unidentified Coleoptera (original description) or Olieraargentinana Brèthes (recently), a distinct cecidosid species with distribution restricted to the eastern Andes. Galls of O.saizi had been undetected, as they are inconspicuous. They occur under the bark within swollen stems, and may occur on the same plant, adjacent to those of A.parrai. We also propose a time-calibrated phylogeny using sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, including specimens of the new proposed taxa. Thus in addition to clarifying the taxonomy of the Chilean cecidosid species we also tested their monophyly in comparison to congeneric species and putative specimens of all genera of Neotropical and African cecidosids.
FOREIGN AID, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ECOWAS COUNTRIES: ARE THERE DIMINISHING RETURNS IN THE AID-GROWTH NEXUS?

This paper investigates the impact of foreign aid and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, and whether diminishing returns occur in the aid-growth nexus, for the period 2000-2015, employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Estimator. The empirical results reveal that trade openness; foreign direct investment, real gross domestic capital formation, human capital and lagged real GDP (a measure of previous economic growth/market size) are the principal drivers of economic growth in ECOWAS countries. Foreign aid and its squared term (a measure of diminishing returns on account of absorptive capacity constraints) are both found to have negative impact on growth. Inflation (a measure of macroeconomic environment) is also found to have a dampening impact on economic growth in ECOWAS countries. We recommend amongst others; open trade and investment-enhancing policies (domestic and foreign), sound and stable macroeconomic policies, institutional structures, as well as policy coordination and harmonization with respect to trade and investment among member countries, to fast-track rapid economic growth, particularly in the quest for increased economic integration in the sub-region.
English as a medium of instruction in East Asia’s higher education sector: a critical realist Cultural Political Economy analysis of underlying logics

ABSTRACT As discourses of globalisation and the knowledge-based economy become increasingly influential in both policy-making and in public debates about education, employability and national competitiveness – the choice of language in the classroom takes on a strategic importance. The paper employs a critical realist Cultural Political Economy lens to explore the use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) at tertiary level in the East Asian context. The discussion builds on existing theoretical framings and on empirical research into the language–globalisation nexus, as well as on language-in-education policy and practice. By doing so, the paper seeks to develop a theoretical account of historically and spatially situated socio-political and socio-economic processes that have favoured the use of EMI in the region. The focus here is on the dialectical relationship between hegemonic imaginaries (semiosis) and material practices in relation to the value attached to particular linguistic resources, where value is understood in both economic and symbolic terms, and how this is often tied to neoliberalism and discourses of competiveness.
The Impact of Family Type, Gender and Perception of Sexual Harassment among In-School Adolescents in Ondo State, Nigeria

The study investigated the impact of family type and gender on the perception of sexual harassment among in-school adolescents in Ondo State, Nigeria. Five family types were considered : divorced parents, single parent, dead parents, parents staying together, one dead parents and separated parents. The study also compared the perception of adolescents to sexual harassment on the basis of gender. The population for the study consisted of four hundred and seventy three students (473) drawn from five local government areas of Ondo State. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select the local government and schools used for the research. The respondents were made to respond to a structured questionnaire titled Perception of Sexual Harassment among Adolescents Inventory (PSHAAT) to give information on their family type, gender and perception of sexual harassment. The instrument has a reliability of 0.70 and was validated using both face and content validity. The data generated were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and mean. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using t-test and ANOVA Statistical procedures. The result indicated that there were no significant difference found on the basis of family type and gender on the perception of sexual harassment among adolescents. Recommendations were made about need for cordial relationship between adolescents and their parents. The need for exposure of adolescent to sex education was also stressed. Keywords: Perception, sexual harassment, gender, family type, adolescents.
Effect of mesograzers and nutrient levels on induction of defenses in several Brazilian macroalgae

Herbivory can greatly modify benthic community structure by affecting the distribution of algal species. To deter herbivores, algae have developed several mechanisms, including the induction of chemical and morphological defenses, which may be influenced by nutrient availability. We tested 4 red (Chondrophycus flagellifera, Cryptonemia seminervis, Osmundaria obtusiloba, Pterocladiella capillacea), 4 brown (Dictyota menstrualis, Lobophora variegata, Sargassum vulgare, Stypopodium zonale), and 1 green (Codium decorticatum) algae for inducible defenses following exposure to direct consumption by an amphipod community dominated by Elasmopus brasiliensis. In addition, the effects of water-borne cues from nearby grazed conspecifics and non-grazing consumers on the induction of defenses were examined in C. decorticatum under natural and enhanced (200% natural) nutrient levels. Induction of defense was assessed in choice-feeding assays, using live algae or artificial food containing non-polar extracts of amphipod-exposed (treated) and non-exposed (control) algae. Palatability levels, estimated as the relative difference in wet mass due to consumption in feeding assays between grazer-exposed and control plants, declined significantly in 3 species after the acclimatization period. Tissue from the directly consumed red alga P. capillacea (live alga) was significantly less palatable than tissue from the control plants. Likewise, a significant effect was observed in the brown alga L. variegata. Similar, although not statistically significant, trends were observed in 6 other species. For the green alga C. decorticatum, nutrient enrichment did not affect induction of defenses by herbivores, yet unfertilized plants were more palatable than fertilized conspecifics.
In-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in naturally occurring groups

We study in-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in a multiplayer dictator game in a naturally occuring group setting. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. The non-rival out-group acts as a reference point and allows us to measure in-group favouritism and out-group discrimination. A treatment with artificial groups serves as a control. We find both in-group favouritism and out-group discrimination among the naturally occurring groups. In artificial groups, favouritism is observed, but not discrimination. Our results suggest that the two behaviours are not driven by the same motive, and only when groups are in conflict that out-group discrimination is likely to occur.
Remotely triggered microearthquakes and tremor in central California following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake

We examine remotely triggered microearthquakes and tectonic tremor in central California following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake. Several microearthquakes near the Coso Geothermal Field were apparently triggered, with the largest earthquake (Ml 3.5) occurring during the large‐amplitude Love surface waves. The Chile mainshock also triggered numerous tremor bursts near the Parkfield‐Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault (SAF). The locally triggered tremor bursts are partially masked at lower frequencies by the regionally triggered earthquake signals from Coso, but can be identified by applying high‐pass or matched filters. Both triggered tremor along the SAF and the Ml 3.5 earthquake in Coso are consistent with frictional failure at different depths on critically‐stressed faults under the Coulomb failure criteria. The triggered tremor, however, appears to be more phase‐correlated with the surface waves than the triggered earthquakes, likely reflecting differences in constitutive properties between the brittle, seismogenic crust and the underlying lower crust.