Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcome of cancer patients considered for intensive care unit admission: a hospital-wide prospective study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of cancer patients considered for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective, one-year hospital-wide study of all cancer and hematology patients, including bone marrow transplantation patients, for whom admission to the ICU was requested. RESULTS Of the 206 patients considered for ICU admission, 105 patients (51%) were admitted. Of the 101 patients who were not admitted, 54 patients (26.2%) were considered too sick to benefit, and 47 patients (22.8%) were considered to be too well to benefit from the ICU. Of these 47 patients, 13 patients were admitted later. Survival rates after 30 and 180 days were significantly associated with admission status (P < .0001). Remission of the malignancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.37; 95% CI, 1.25 to 9.07) was independently associated with ICU admission, whereas poor chronic health status (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.74) and solid tumor (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) were associated with ICU refusal. In admitted patients, 30-day and 6-month survival rates were 54.3% and 32.4%, respectively. Of the patients considered too sick to benefit from ICU admission, 26% were alive on day 30 and 16.7% on day 180. Among patients considered too well to benefit, the 30-day survival rate was a worrisome 78.7%. Calibration of the Mortality Probability Model (the only score available at triage) was of limited value for predicting 30-day survival (area under the curve, 0.62). CONCLUSION Both the excess mortality in too-well patients later admitted to the ICU and the relatively good survival in too-sick patients suggest the need for a broader admission policy.
The advantages of the magnetic structure in ferromagnetic-film-coated carbon nanotube probes

The magnetic structures of ferromagnetic-film-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) probes and conventional pyramidal probes for a magnetic force microscope (MFM) were simulated using three-dimensional micromagnetic simulation. The CNT-MFM probes with a total probe diameter less than 60 nm are almost uniformly magnetized along the longitudinal direction of the CNT, which is the ideal magnetic structure for MFM observations. On the other hand, the pyramidal probes had a vortex structure around the point tip, which suggests that they require a greater thickness of the ferromagnetic film because only part of the magnetic moment participates in the detection of the z-component of the stray field from samples. The advantages of the CNT-MFM probe are uniform magnetization along the longitudinal direction and magnetic imaging ability using a smaller coating thickness.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF COOPERATIVE CONTROL FOR BUS RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE PLATOON IN A CONNECTED VEHICLE ENVIRONMENT

The aim of this paper is to develop a cooperative control model for improving the operational efficiency of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) vehicles. The model takes advantage of the emerging connected vehicle technology. A connected vehicle centre is established to assign a specific reservation time interval and transmit the corresponding dynamic speed guidance to each BRT vehicle. Furthermore, a set of constraints have been set up to avoid bus queuing and waiting phenomena in downstream BRT stations. Therefore, many BRT vehicles are strategically guided to form a platoon, which can pass through an intersection with no impedance. An actual signalized intersection along the Guangzhou BRT corridor is employed to verify and assess the cooperative control model in various traffic conditions. The simulation-based evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce delays, decrease the number of stops, and improve the sustainability of the BRT vehicles.
Factors associated with the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers at a midwestern teaching hospital.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess factors associated with initiating therapy and compliance with treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers with positive tuberculin skin test results. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING An urban midwestern teaching hospital in St. Louis, MO. STUDY POPULATION Health-care workers with positive tuberculin skin test results. MEASUREMENTS (1) Rates of initiating therapy for latent tuberculosis infection among all health-care workers with positive tuberculin skin test results, and (2) compliance rates with therapy for latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers with recent tuberculin skin test conversion. RESULTS A total of 440 tuberculin skin test-positive health-care workers were evaluated from January 1, 1994, to May 1, 2000. Of those evaluated, 1 health-care worker had presumed active tuberculosis, 1 had no record of being evaluated, 1 had missing records, and 33 were not recommended isoniazid therapy, leaving 404 workers for analysis. Overall, 396 of 404 health-care workers (98%) with positive tuberculin skin test results initiated isoniazid therapy. In univariate analysis, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination (p = 0.02) and foreign birth (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with not initiating isoniazid therapy. Compliance data were available for 388 of 404 health-care workers (96%). Of these, 318 of 388 health-care workers (82%) were compliant with 6 months of therapy. BCG vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 7.1) and symptoms while receiving therapy (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.0 to 10.1) were significantly associated with noncompliance in multivariate analysis. Among new converters, Asian race (p = 0.006), foreign birth (p = 0.01), BCG vaccination (p = 0.006), and symptoms while receiving therapy (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with noncompliance in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION This hospital had a high rate of initiating isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis infection among their health-care workers, and a high rate of compliance with therapy. These rates of initiation and completion of isoniazid therapy were much higher than those previously reported in the literature. This may be largely due to a focused program, which includes active follow-up of health-care workers with positive tuberculin skin test results, consisting of physician counseling and monthly phone consultations by nurses, along with free services and medications provided on-site.
Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review.

OBJECTIVE To quantitatively review and critically evaluate literature examining gender differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD A meta-analysis of relevant research based on 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria was performed. Domains evaluated included primary symptomatology, intellectual and academic functioning, comorbid behavior problems, social behavior, and family variables. RESULTS Gender differences were not found in impulsivity, academic performance, social functioning fine motor skills, parental education, or parental depression. However, compared with ADHD boys, ADHD girls displayed greater intellectual impairment, lower levels of hyperactivity, and lower rates of other externalizing behaviors; it was not possible to evaluate the extent to which referral bias affected these findings. Some gender differences were clearly mediated by the effects of referral source; among children with ADHD identified from nonreferred populations, girls with ADHD displayed lower levels of inattention, internalizing behavior, and peer aggression than boys with ADHD, while girls and boys with ADHD identified from clinic-referred samples displayed similar levels of impairment on these variables. CONCLUSIONS The need for future research examining gender differences in ADHD is strongly indicated, with attention to methodological limitations of the current literature, including the potential confounding effects of referral bias, comorbidity, developmental patterns, diagnostic procedures, and rater source.
OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE PELVIC BONES AND SACRUM OF THE RED FOX AND RACCOON DOG

Researchers of the forensic veterinary medicine and osteoarcheologists lack osteological parameters for case analysis or for identification purposes of bone remains on archeological sites. The goal of the current research was to measure the parameters of pelvic and sacral bones in the red fox and raccoon dog and to determine the differences between sex and species. The research was based on the examination of 85 skeleton collections of adult raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) compiled in 2003–2006 by the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS). The osteometric analysis was performed by A. von den Driesch (1976) method. The comparison of osteometric data of sexes showed that pelvic bones of the male red foxes are longer and broader than those of females (P<0.001). The breadth of the sacrum and the breadth and height of the cranial articular surface (P<0.01) also are greater. Comparison of species showed that pelvic bones of the male red foxes are longer and broader across the body of the ischia than those of male raccoon dogs (P<0.001). The same is true about the length and breadth (P<0.001) of the cranial articular surface of sacrum. The pelvic bones of female raccoon dogs are longer (P<0.01) and broader between the ilium than those of female red foxes (P<0.001). The sacrum in the female raccoon dogs also is longer and broader (P<0.001) than in the female red foxes.
Heterogenous susceptibility to CD95‐induced apoptosis in melanoma cells correlates with bcl‐2 and bcl‐x expression and is sensitive to modulation by interferon‐γ

The expression and functionality of the Fas receptor (CD95/APO‐1) play an important role for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Various types of tumor cells have been shown to escape immune recognition by constitutive resistance to CD95‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, several apoptosis‐related proteins have been reported to influence CD95 sensitivity. We tested an unselected panel of 11 melanoma cell lines for sensitivity to CD95 and the corresponding expression of CD95, CD95L, bcl‐2, bcl‐x, bcl‐xS, bax and FLIP proteins. Despite detection of CD95 cell‐surface expression in 9 out of the 11 cell lines tested, only 3 melanoma cell lines were sensitive to anti‐CD95‐MAb‐induced cell death. Apoptosis‐related proteins CD95L, bcl‐2, bcl‐x, bcl‐xS and bax were found to be heterogenously expressed in different melanoma cell lines tested. The susceptibility of melanoma cells to anti‐CD95‐MAb‐mediated apoptosis was associated with low protein expression of both bcl‐2 and bcl‐x. The level of CD95 cell‐surface expression in melanoma cells was no indicator for CD95 sensitivity. Furthermore, FLIP protein was detectable in 7 out of the 11 cell lines, but showed no correlation to CD95 sensitivity. Certain cytokines have been described as modulating the susceptibility of tumor cells to CD95‐induced cell death. Since IFN‐α was proved to be clinically efficient in melanoma therapy, we tested whether interferons have the ability to induce sensitivity to CD95 in primarily resistant melanoma cell lines. Here we show that IFN‐γ, but not IFN‐α, is able to increase the susceptibility of sensitive cell lines and to induce CD95 sensitivity in resistant melanoma cell lines, accompanied by up‐regulation of the protein expression level of CD95 and/or bcl‐xS. Int. J. Cancer 82:727–736, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score as a descriptor of patient outcome in septic shock compared with two other scoring systems.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate if daily Multiple Organ Dysfunction scoring could describe outcome groups in septic shock better than daily Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Organ Failure scores. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING A medical and surgical adult intensive care unit (ICU) at a tertiary referral center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Daily data collection over a 14-month period was performed on 368 ICU patients, 39 of whom developed septic shock while in the ICU. These data were entered into a computer programmed to calculate APACHE II, Organ Failure, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction scores. The admission Multiple Organ Dysfunction scores for nonsurvivors and survivors of septic shock in the ICU was 6.5 +/- 2.7 and 6.6 +/- 2.8 (SD), respectively. These patients deteriorated due to the development of septic shock during their ICU stay resulting in a maximum Multiple Organ Dysfunction score of 12.2 +/- 3.7 in nonsurvivors and 9.4 +/- 2.7 in survivors (p < .05). The difference between the maximum and initial Multiple Organ Dysfunction scores (delta score) was also significantly greater in nonsurvivors than in survivors (5.6 +/- 4.7 vs. 2.8 +/- 3.0) (p < .05). There were no significant differences between the maximum and delta scores in the outcome groups using the APACHE II and Organ Failure scoring systems. These results were mirrored by 2.3 +/- 0.7 and 1.7 +/- 0.5 organ failures in nonsurvivors and survivors, respectively (p < .01). For all 368 patients, the initial and maximum Multiple Organ Dysfunction scores were 3.5 +/- 2.5 and 10.5 +/- 3.6, respectively. CONCLUSION Maximum and delta Multiple Organ Dysfunction scores mirrored organ dysfunction and could accurately describe the outcome groups, whereas daily APACHE II and Organ Failure scores could not.
Using an Annotated Language Corpus as a Virtual Stochastic Grammar

In Data Oriented Parsing (DOP), an annotated language corpus is used as a virtual stochastic grammar. An input string is parsed by combining subtrees from the corpus. As a consequence, one parse tree can usually be generated by several derivations that involve different subtrees. This leads to a statistics where the probability of a parse is equal to the sum of the probabilities of all its derivations. In (Scha, 1990) an informal introduction to DOP is given, while (Bod, 1992) provides a formalization of the theory. In this paper we show that the maximum probability parse can be estimated in polynomial time by applying Monte Carlo techniques. The model was tested on a set of hand-parsed strings from the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) corpus. Preliminary experiments yield 96% test set parsing accuracy.
ERCC1 mRNA Expression Is Not Associated with Response and Survival after Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Regimens in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Platinum-based therapy is pivotal to the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC). Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is a key component of the platinum-DNA repair machinery responsible for nucleotide excision repair. We sought to determine the influence of ERCC1 mRNA expression in advanced NSCLC on chemotherapy response, toxicity, and survival after platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: Patients randomized to a phase III trial of platinum-based chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies were retrieved for mRNA extraction and purification before quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis using Taqman technology. Expression data were correlated with treatment response, toxicity, and overall survival. Results: Sixty-six patients were enrolled. No statistically significant relationship existed between ERCC1 mRNA expression and response to chemotherapy (p = 0.794) or hematological toxicity. No statistically significant difference in median survival was demonstrated according to ERCC1 expression (high expression, 415 days, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 197–633 days; low expression, 327 days [95%CI: 211–433 days]; p = 0.801). High ERCC1 mRNA expression was associated with a hazard ratio for death of 0.96 (95% CI 0.919–1.004; p = 0.08). Conclusion: In contrast to recent publications, ERCC1 mRNA expression in our study did not favor a prognostically better outcome after platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. We explore potential reasons for this, including the need for cautious interpretation of mRNA expression data from archival materials and highlight the need for additional translational research linking gene expression with a promising ERCC1 polymorphism.
ASH 1 L Links Histone H 3 Lysine 36 di-methylation to MLL Leukemia

1 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 2 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 3 Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 4 Department of Pharmacology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO 5 Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 6 Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 7 Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 9These authors contributed equally.
Comprehensive classification of the auditory sensory projections in the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

We established a comprehensive projection map of the auditory receptor cells (Johnston's organ neurons: JONs) from the antennae to the primary auditory center of the Drosophila brain. We found 477 ± 24 cell bodies of JONs, which are arranged like a “bottomless bowl” within the auditory organ. The target of the JONs in the brain comprises five spatially segregated zones, each of which is contributed by bundles of JON axons that gradually branch out from the antennal nerve. Four zones are confined in the antennal mechanosensory and motor center, whereas one zone further extends over parts of the ventrolateral protocerebrum and the subesophageal ganglion. Single‐cell labeling with the FLP‐out technique revealed that most JONs innervate only a single zone, indicating that JONs can be categorized into five groups according to their target zones. Within each zone, JONs innervate various combinations of subareas. We classified these five zones into 19 subareas according to the branching patterns and terminal distributions of single JON axons. The groups of JONs that innervate particular zones or subareas of the primary auditory center have their cell bodies in characteristic locations of the Johnston's organ in the antenna, e.g., in concentric rings or in paired clusters. Such structural organization suggests that each JON group, and hence each zone of the primary auditory center, might sense different aspects of sensory signals. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:317–356, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lifestyle Behavior Change and Repeat Health Risk Appraisal Participation: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Purpose. Health risk appraisals (HRAs) have been used to address multiple health concerns and lifestyle behaviors. We explore the longitudinal relationship between emotional health, stage of change for five lifestyle behaviors, and lifestyle risks using HRA-generated data. Design. Secondary analysis of 3 years of HRA data. Setting. A large health care management services provider. Subjects. A total of 7535 adults employed across three companies who completed consecutive HRAs over a 3-year period. Measures. Self-report items concerning participant health, lifestyle behaviors, disease risk factors, job/life satisfaction, safety, and biometrics. Analysis. Structural equation modeling tested a hypothesized longitudinal, fully cross-lagged panel design. Results. Results indicated that greater numbers of physical and behavioral risks classified as high risk were associated with greater intention to change or an actual change in lifestyle behavior in the following year. In addition, poorer emotional health was associated with a higher number of risks. Conclusion. Data from repeat participation in HRAs can be useful in studying multiple risk behaviors and related health measures, supporting the design and evaluation of effective, individualized, and responsive health promotion activities for working adults.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENTIAL PERMEABILITY IN ISOLATED STELES OF CORN ROOTS.

The primary path of salt movement from root to shoot of vascular plants is through the xylem, which constitutes a group of conduits contained within the central cylinder, the stele. In roots the stele is normally delineated by a specialized layer of cells, the endodermis, and surrounded by a multilayered sheath of cortex parenchyma which lies beneath the epidermis. " 2 In passing radially from the root surface to the xylem, salts may be absorbed by cells at the root surface and pass centripetally through a cytoplasmic continuum, the symplasm,3' 4 or may diffuse into the cortex through the water-free space5 of the cell walls, there to be absorbed into the symplasm of the cortical cells. Radial movement by free diffusion through the free space is for practical purposes terminated at the boundary of the stele by the nonporous Casparian strips2 which impregnate the radial walls of the endodermis. Thus ion entry into the stele must be through the symplasm. Plasmodesmata-cytoplasmic connections between contiguous cells-traverse the encompassing cellulosic walls, including the tangential walls of the endodermis, and provide an internal path of ion movement from epidermal cells and cortex to within the central cylinder. ' With respect to the deliverance of ions to the xylem, the large vacuoles of the cortical and stelar parenchyma represent a diversionary sumpa salt repository which is in parallel with the xylem.6 7 The concentration of salt, hence of cations and anions alike, in the xylary fluid is frequently well in excess of that in the surrounding medium. '1 89 The foregoing phenomenon is the basis of root pressure. Since mature xylem is nonliving, and in effect represents a standpipe, it is evident that osmotic work must be done between the root surface and the xylem when the total concentration of salt in the xylem exceeds that of the external solution. The choice regarding the site of osmotic work has involved primarily two alternatives. On the one hand, it has been suggested that the endodermis or neighboring stelar parenchyma represents secretory tissue which pumps ions into the xylem.7' 10 11 On the other hand, it has been proposed that ions are accumulated in the thermodynamic sense in, the cytoplasm of the epidermal and cortical cells, following which, movement into the stele takes place passively through the symplasm in response to a gradient of chemical potential. "' 12 In the latter view ions must ultimately leak from stelar parenchyma into the vessels of the xylem. In both cases loss of salt by diffusion from the vascular conducting elements to the environment is deemed to be prevented by the Casparian strips of the endodermis. When Crafts and Broyerl first examined the question of salt movement into the xylem of roots, they proposed that ions leak into the xylem from contiguous living cells within the stele, and that the leaky condition of stelar cells is the consequence of diminished respiratory metabolism brought about by an unduly low 02 and high CO2 concentration thought to obtain in the center of the root. The latter inter-