Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Option Contract with Optimized Prices in Supply Chain

: This research considers a supply contract in a two-stage supply chain consisting of one supplier and one buyer. Market demands are stochastic, and there are two opportunities for the buyer to do demand forecast. The buyer places a (cid:12)rm order to the supplier with the (cid:12)rst forecast at the beginning of production. At the same time, the buyer purchases a quantity of options. With the second forecast at the beginning of sales season, the buyer determines the execution quantity of the option. The supplier decides the option price, option execution price and wholesale price, while the buyer decides initial order quantity, option quantity and option execution quantity optimally under given prices. In this paper, we take a game theoretic approach to consider the coordination issue between the supplier and the buyer. We focus on the wholesale price that may increase supplier’s pro(cid:12)t; however, it depends on buyer’s response to the supplier’s decision on the wholesale price.
Lost in Translation: Organizational Behavior Constructs Across Cultures - Hope as an Example

This paper examines the differences in the conception of the Positive Organizational Behavioral construct of hope between a strongly individualistic culture like the United States, and strongly collectivistic cultures like China, the Philippines and Vietnam. The differences are explained by the varying conceptualizations of autonomy, interconnectedness and self between the two cultures. The insight from this comparison should serve both to help accommodate cultural level differences among employees as well as offer a further step in the refinement of the application of individualist/collectivist interpretations to western based managerial and psychological models as well as practices.
Re-Examining the Role of the Default Network During Controlled Processing

Activation of the default network (DN) during externally-directed cognitive control tasks has been associated with off-task behaviors and poor task performance. Recently, evidence has suggested that DN activation may be associated with better cognitive control when access to stored representational knowledge, a putative DN function,, is congruent with task goals (Spreng et al., 2014). Near-ceiling behavioral performance in this earlier study precluded analysis of incorrect trials. We address this limitation by increasing cognitive control demands. Healthy young adults (N=28) were scanned using fMRI while performing a working memory task. Famous and anonymous face stimuli were used to contrast high versus low access to stored representational knowledge, respectively. Differential DN activation was observed during correct and incorrect trials when famous faces were goal-relevant, or distractors. These results provide further evidence that the DN is not a ‘task negative’ network, but can support cognitive control when access to stored representations is goal-congruent.
Distinct Amino Termini of Two Human HCS Isoforms Influence Biotin Acceptor Substrate Recognition*

The human holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) catalyzes transfer of biotin to biotin-dependent carboxylases, and the enzyme is therefore of fundamental importance for many physiological processes, including fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid catabolism. In addition, the enzyme functions in regulating transcription initiation at several genes that code for proteins involved in biotin metabolism. Two major forms of HCS exist in humans, which differ at the amino terminus by 57 amino acids. In this work, the two proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and subjected to biochemical characterization. Equilibrium sedimentation indicates that the two proteins are monomers both in their apo-forms and when bound to the enzymatic intermediate biotinyl 5′-AMP. Steady state kinetic analyses as a function of biotin, ATP, or a minimal biotin-accepting substrate concentration indicate similar behaviors for both isoforms. However, pre-steady state analysis of biotin transfer reveals that the full-length HCS associates with the minimal biotin acceptor substrate with a rate twice as fast as that of the truncated isoform. These results are consistent with a role for the HCS amino terminus in biotin acceptor substrate recognition.
Hairpin Orientation of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-2 in Cell Membranes as Determined by Protease Protection *

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP-1 and SREBP-2) are proteins of 1150 amino acids each that are attached to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In sterol-depleted cells, a protease releases an NH2-terminal fragment of 500 amino acids that contains a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif. This fragment enters the nucleus and stimulates transcription of genes encoding the low density lipoprotein receptor and enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis. Prior evidence indicates that the SREBPs are attached to membranes by virtue of an 80-residue segment located 80 amino acids to the COOH-terminal side of the leucine zipper. This segment contains two long hydrophobic sequences separated by a short hydrophilic sequence of 30 amino acids. We have proposed a hairpin model in which the two hydrophobic sequences span the membrane, separated by the short hydrophilic sequence which projects into the lumen of the ER (the “lumenal loop”). The model predicts that the NH2- and COOH-terminal segments face the cytosol. To test this model, we constructed a cDNA encoding human SREBP-2 with epitope tags at the NH2 terminus and in the lumenal loop. The COOH-terminal region was visualized with a newly developed monoclonal antibody against this region. Sealed membrane vesicles were isolated from cells expressing the epitope-tagged version of SREBP-2. Trypsin treatment of these vesicles destroyed the NH2- and COOH-terminal segments and reduced the lumenal epitope to a size consistent with protection of the lumenal sequence plus the two membrane-spanning segments. The lumenal epitope tag contained two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation. The size of the trypsin-protected fragment was reduced by treatment with N-Glycanase® and endoglycosidase H, indicating that this segment was located in the lumen of the ER where it was glycosylated. These data provide strong support for the hairpin model.
Sex-Specific Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Sex differences in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are a matter of debate. We investigated sex-specific differences in the incidence, outcomes, and related interventions in patients diagnosed with ACS in Germany over the past decade. All ACS cases from 2005 to 2015 were collected. Procedures and inhospital mortality were assessed by sex. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. In total, 1,366,045 females and 2,431,501 males presenting with ACS were recorded. Females were older than males (73.1 vs. 66.4 years of age), had a longer mean hospital stay (7.7 vs. 6.9 days), and less frequently underwent coronary angiographies (55% vs. 66%) and coronary interventions (35% vs. 47%). The age-adjusted incidence rate of ACS was lower in females than in males, and decreased in both sexes from 2005 to 2015. The age-adjusted inhospital mortality rate was substantially higher in females than in males, but decreased in both sexes over time (in females, from 87 to 71 cases per 1000 person years; in males, from 57 to 51 cases per 1000 person years). In conclusion, we reported sex differences in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of ACS patients in Germany within the past decade. Women had a substantially higher mortality rate and lower rate of coronary interventions.
Disrupting vagal feedback affects birdsong motor control

SUMMARY Coordination of different motor systems for sound production involves the use of feedback mechanisms. Song production in oscines is a well-established animal model for studying learned vocal behavior. Whereas the online use of auditory feedback has been studied in the songbird model, very little is known about the role of other feedback mechanisms. Auditory feedback is required for the maintenance of stereotyped adult song. In addition, the use of somatosensory feedback to maintain pressure during song has been demonstrated with experimentally induced fluctuations in air sac pressure. Feedback information mediating this response is thought to be routed to the central nervous system via afferent fibers of the vagus nerve. Here, we tested the effects of unilateral vagotomy on the peripheral motor patterns of song production and the acoustic features. Unilateral vagotomy caused a variety of disruptions and alterations to the respiratory pattern of song, some of which affected the acoustic structure of vocalizations. These changes were most pronounced a few days after nerve resection and varied between individuals. In the most extreme cases, the motor gestures of respiration were so severely disrupted that individual song syllables or the song motif were atypically terminated. Acoustic changes also suggest altered use of the two sound generators and upper vocal tract filtering, indicating that the disruption of vagal feedback caused changes to the motor program of all motor systems involved in song production and modification. This evidence for the use of vagal feedback by the song system with disruption of song during the first days after nerve cut provides a contrast to the longer-term effects of auditory feedback disruption. It suggests a significant role for somatosensory feedback that differs from that of auditory feedback.
Training and development: Its effects on job performance in the selected companies of UAE

Abstract. One can think that businesses were running without any training in ancient times. Technically, this is not the case. Whether formal or informal, training has always been there in business to carry on its processes. Gradually, it has acquired the shape that can be said a formal one. Firms have started realizing that training and development is a major source of gaining competitive advantage. Most human resource management researchers are of the view that Training and development has got that important role through which organizations can maximize their performances by maximizing performances of their employees. Training and development programs are always there in some way or shape. It may be general or specific. It may be formal or informal and it may be provided by some neutral source or by employers. There is a list of training methods which are in practice in corporate world. For the sake of simplicity, some of them were taken in this study –namely- on-the-job training; mentorship and coaching; vestibule training; instructor-led classroom training; case studies and systematic job rotations and transfers. Another aspect of this study is employee performance. Firm’s performance depends on its employees’ performance. Employee performance has many facets. It may be financial and non financial. It may be quantifiable and qualitative. Furthermore, employee performance contains a number of components in it. In this study, three qualitative components are considered -employee job commitment; employee work knowledge and employee job satisfaction- thinking that these are the main sources of employee performance enhancement. Keywords. Training and development, On-the-job training, Mentorship, Simulator training, Instructor-led classroom training, Case studies, Systematic job rotations and transfers, Employee performance, Job commitment, Job satisfaction, Work knowledge, UAE. JEL. M53, J28.
Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai Dan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Organisasi Pada Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Maluku

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of employee performance and leadership effectiveness on organizational performance in the Maluku Province Education Office. The sample in the study involved 276 employees from the education office, as well as the Regional Office of the Ministry of Education and Culture collected through survey methods and analyzed using causal correlational techniques. The results indicate that there is a significant influence between employee performance and leadership effectiveness on organizational performance. This is because the success shown through employee performance and supported by the effectiveness of optimal leadership, so that organizational performance can be achieved successfully. Every employee at the Maluku Province Education Office can work collectively as a unified entity in carrying out the interests of the organization, so that the resources of employees through the performance shown can be organized effectively in achieving organizational goals.
Robust detection of heart beats in multimodal records using slope- and peak-sensitive band-pass filters

In this work, we present the development, architecture and evaluation of a new and robust heart beat detector in multimodal records. The detector uses electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, and/or pulsatile (P) signals, such as: blood pressure, artery blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure, if present. The base approach behind the architecture of the detector is collecting signal energy (differentiating and low-pass filtering, squaring, integrating). To calculate the detection and noise functions, simple and fast slope- and peak-sensitive band-pass digital filters were designed. By using morphological smoothing, the detection functions were further improved and noise intervals were estimated. The detector looks for possible pacemaker heart rate patterns and repairs the ECG signals and detection functions. Heart beats are detected in each of the ECG and P signals in two steps: a repetitive learning phase and a follow-up detecting phase. The detected heart beat positions from the ECG signals are merged into a single stream of detected ECG heart beat positions. The merged ECG heart beat positions and detected heart beat positions from the P signals are verified for their regularity regarding the expected heart rate. The detected heart beat positions of a P signal with the best match to the merged ECG heart beat positions are selected for mapping into the noise and no-signal intervals of the record. The overall evaluation scores in terms of average sensitivity and positive predictive values obtained on databases that are freely available on the Physionet website were as follows: the MIT–BIH Arrhythmia database (99.91%), the MGH/MF Waveform database (95.14%), the augmented training set of the follow-up phase of the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2014 (97.67%), and the Challenge test set (93.64%).
Selective Permeability of Different Connexin Channels to the Second Messenger Cyclic AMP*

Gap junctions are intercellular conduits that are formed in vertebrates by connexin proteins and allow diffusion exchange of intracellular ions and small molecules. At least 20 different connexin genes in the human and mouse genome are cell-type specifically expressed with overlapping expression patterns. A possible explanation for this diversity could be different permeability of biologically important molecules, such as second messenger molecules. We have recently demonstrated that cyclic nucleotide-gated channels can be used to quantify gap junction-mediated diffusion of cyclic AMP. Using this method we have compared the relative permeability of gap junction channels composed of connexin 26, 32, 36, 43, 45, or 47 proteins toward the second messenger cAMP. Here we show that cAMP permeates through the investigated connexin channels with up to 30-fold different efficacy. Our results suggest that intercellular cAMP signaling in different cell types can be affected by the connexin expression pattern.
Improved functional recovery to I/R injury in hearts from lipocalin-2 deficiency mice: restoration of mitochondrial function and phospholipids remodeling.

AIMS Recent clinical and experimental evidences demonstrate an association between augmented circulating lipocalin-2 [a pro-inflammatory adipokine] and cardiac dysfunction. However, little is known about the pathophysi-ological role of lipocalin-2 in heart. The present study was designed to compare the heart functions of mice with normal (WT) or deficient lipocalin-2 (Lcn2-KO) expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Echocardiographic analysis revealed that the myocardial contractile function was significantly improved in hearts of Lcn2-KO mice, under both standard chow and high fat diet conditions. The heart function before and after I/R injury (20-min of global ischemia followed by 60-min of reperfusion) was assessed using the Langendorff perfusion system. Compared to WT littermates, hearts from Lcn2-KO mice showed improved functional recovery and reduced infarct size following I/R. Under baseline condition, the mitochondrial function of Lcn2-KO hearts was significantly enhanced, as demonstrated by biochemical analysis of respiratory chain activity and markers of biogenesis, as well as electron microscopic investigation of the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Acute or chronic administration of lipocalin-2 impaired cardiac functional recovery to I/R and dampened the mitochondrial function in hearts of Lcn2-KO mice. These effects were associated with an extensive modification of the fatty acyl chain compositions of intracellular phospholipids. For example, lipocalin-2 facilitated the redistribution of linoleic acid (C18:2) among different types of phospholipids, including cardiolipin, a structurally unique phospholipid located mainly on the inner membrane of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Lack of lipocalin-2 improved the functional recovery of isolated mice hearts subjected to I/R, which is associated with restoration of mitochondrial function and phospholipids remodeling.
Impact of long term financing policy on firm value of listed companies in Colombo stock exchange in Sri Lanka

All business from huge to small business enterprise needs proper financing policy of its long-term capital and a suitable capital structure since the finance manager is expected to maximize the wealth of owners. To achieve this objective, the financial manager has to take a number of decisions. Among these the most important decisions are the investment, financing, liquidity and dividend decisions. Value of a firm and long term financing has been the most important in financial management to maximize the wealth of owner. it is playing a vital role in the financial management in the recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the impact of the long term financing policy on the value of the firm. Hence this study was undertaken with the objectives of examining the significant impact of long term financing policies on the firm value and to find out the significant relationship between long term financing and firm value of listed companies in Colombo stock exchange (CSE) in Sri Lanka over the period from year 2011 to 2015. For this study the researcher used 40 listed companies from four sectors; manufacturing, food, beverages and tobacco, Hotels and travels and plantation in CSE in Sri Lanka. Price earnings ratio was used as a dependent variable and long term debt to equity ratio used as independent variables. The data were analyzed and hypotheses were tested through correlation and regression analysis by using SPSS (Version 20). The findings revealed that 16.2% of the firm’s value is explained by the given independent variable of long term financing policy and the remaining 83.8% of the variance is explained by the other factors which are out of the scope of this study. Further findings revealed that long term financing policy has a significant impact on the firm value and also long term debt to equity ratio has a high significant positive relationship with price earnings ratio.
Anticholinergics in the era of atypical antipsychotics: short-term or long-term treatment?

Anticholinergic agents are usually prescribed to prevent or treat antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. Their long-term benefits are questionable and they carry diverse adverse effects, including cognitive impairment and worsening of tardive dyskinesia. This literature review explores the impact of anticholinergic medication discontinuation on movement disorders, cognition and psychopathology in patients receiving antipsychotics. Medline, Embase and PsycInfo were searched from 1950 to July 2011 using “cessation /withdrawal /discontinuation /stopping” with “anticholinergic*” or “antiparkinson*” and “neuroleptic*” or “antipsychotic*”. Additional articles were obtained by searching the bibliographies of relevant references. Earlier studies of anticholinergic agent discontinuation in patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics reported relapse rates of extrapyramidal symptoms between 4% and 80%, reflecting the heterogeneity of the studies. Two recent studies of patients prescribed second-generation antipsychotics obtained relapse rates of 4% and 33%. Some studies suggest improvement in tardive dyskinesia with cessation of anticholinergics. Four studies examined the effects of anticholinergic agent discontinuation on cognition and all observed an improvement post-discontinuation. Changes in symptoms of schizophrenia with anticholinergic discontinuation are conflicting, with more recent studies suggesting an improvement. Given their questionable benefit with continued use, clinicians should consider a gradual withdrawal of anticholinergic agents in stable patients receiving antipsychotics.
Relationship Between Farmer’s Characteristics with the Motivation of Goat Milking in the Girikerto Village Turi District Sleman Regency

This research aimed to determine the relationship between farmer characteristics including age, education level, farming experience, side income, number of dependent family member, and farmer's business scale with the motivation of goat milking in Girikerto Village, Turi District, Sleman Regency. The type of this research was quantitative explanatory, that was the type of research explaining the nature of the relationship and examining the relationship between farmer characteristics with milking motivation. The research method used a household survey of farmers with the help of questionnaires. The number of respondent’s sample used was 56 goat farmers with provisions using the Slovin formula. Sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling. Data were analyzed by Product Moment correlation. The results showed that the variables of age, farming experience, and business scale had a significant relationship with the motivation of goat milking, while the variables of education, side job and a number of dependents had no significant relationship with the motivation of milking. Farmer’s motivation to milk goats could be increased in line with increasing the age and experience of farmers. The motivation of milking goats could also be increased by increasing the number of livestock ownership, especially the ownership of lactating goats.
Velocity and Temperature Structure Functions in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from High-Resolution Aircraft Measurements

Abstract High-resolution measurements obtained from NOAA “best” atmospheric turbulence (BAT) probes mounted on an EGRETT high-altitude research aircraft were used to characterize turbulence in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at scales from 2 m to 20 km, focusing on three-dimensional behavior in the sub-kilometer-scale range. Data were analyzed for 129 separate level flight segments representing 41 h of flight time and 12 600 km of wind-relative flight distances. The majority of flights occurred near the tropopause layer of the winter subtropical jet stream in the Southern Hemisphere. Second-order structure functions for velocity and temperature were analyzed for the separate level-flight segments, individually and in various ensembles. A 3D scaling range was observed at scales less than about 100 m, with power-law exponents for the structure functions of the velocity component in the flight direction varying mostly between 0.4 and 0.75 for the separate flight segments, but close to ⅔ for the .