Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid glacial retreat on the Kamchatka Peninsula during the early 21st century

Abstract. Monitoring glacier fluctuations provides insights into changing glacial environments and recent climate change. The availability of satellite imagery offers the opportunity to view these changes for remote and inaccessible regions. Gaining an understanding of the ongoing changes in such regions is vital if a complete picture of glacial fluctuations globally is to be established. Here, satellite imagery (Landsat 7, 8 and ASTER) is used to conduct a multi-annual remote sensing survey of glacier fluctuations on the Kamchatka Peninsula (eastern Russia) over the 2000–2014 period. Glacier margins were digitised manually and reveal that, in 2000, the peninsula was occupied by 673 glaciers, with a total glacier surface area of 775.7 ± 27.9 km2. By 2014, the number of glaciers had increased to 738 (reflecting the fragmentation of larger glaciers), but their surface area had decreased to 592.9 ± 20.4 km2. This represents a ∼ 24 % decline in total glacier surface area between 2000 and 2014 and a notable acceleration in the rate of area loss since the late 20th century. Analysis of possible controls indicates that these glacier fluctuations were likely governed by variations in climate (particularly rising summer temperatures), though the response of individual glaciers was modulated by other (non-climatic) factors, principally glacier size, local shading and debris cover.
The Dynamic and Distribution of Food Supplies for the Sydney rock oyster in southern NSW estuaries

The primary outcome of this study has been to increase the understanding of the environmental drivers that influence the southern NSW Sydney rock oyster (SRO) industry, in particular in the Clyde and Crookhaven/Shoalhaven estuaries and to identify some of the factors that limit the production of SRO. Increased amounts of nitrogen and organic carbon are delivered by increased river flows following rain events and these were found to significantly enhance oyster growth in the two south NSW estuaries. During normal and/or dry conditions, the estuaries were nitrogen-limited suppressing primary production and, potentially, oyster growth. On the other hand, during heavy rain periods, large amounts of nitrogen entered the estuaries, which then became phosphorus-limited. Optimally an intermediate level of Nitrogen:Phosphorus ratio is desired for enhancing SRO production in the south coast of NSW so that neither nutrient is limiting. Publication Details Rubio, A; White, I and Ford, P (2008). The Dynamic and Distribution of Food Supplies for the Sydney rock oyster in southern NSW estuaries. Technical report 2004/224. Fisheries Research & Development Corporation, 51p. This report is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow. edu.au/smfc/10 The dynamics and distribution of food supplies for the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) in southern NSW estuaries
Assessment of Households Food Security Situation in Ethiopia: An Empirical Synthesis

This article synthesized households food security situation, its determinants and coping mechanism against food insecurity in Ethiopia. Accordingly, empirical findings asserted that the incidence of food insecurity is high in the country. But, the incidence of food insecurity was severe in western, some parts of southern and drought prone areas of the country. Furthermore, empirical studies confirmed that having access to different kinds of livelihood assets (such as human capital, social capital, physical capital, financial capital and natural capital) as well as different institutional factors and policies more likely to improve households food security. Moreover, literatures argued that along with the role of government households adopted different coping mechanisms to reduce the prevalence of food insecurity. To cope up with the food insecurity situation households adopted selling asset (livestock), reducing frequency and quality of meal, buying food grains, engaging in off-farm and non-farm activities, borrowing money or grains from different sources, etc. as their main coping mechanisms. Therefore, to improve the food security situation future policy should focus on investment strategies that promote households access to different kinds of livelihood assets to eradicate food insecurity. Keywords : Food security, Food insecurity, coping mechanisms, Ethiopia
Backfat Thickness at First Insemination Affects Litter Size at Birth of the First Parity Sows

The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of backfat thickness (BF) at the first insemination on the litter size at birth of the first parity sows. In total, 249 Landrace · Yorkshire crossbred gilts were measured for BF at the last rib, about 6-8 cm away from the dorsal midline (P2) by A-mode ultrasonography. The BF measurement was performed three times on the gilts: the first day of insemination; the 70 th day of the gestation period; and 1 w prior to the expected farrowing day. The gilts were categorized into three groups based on BF measured on the first insemination day: high (BF ≥ 17.0 mm, n=75), moderate (BF = 14.0-16.5 mm, n=121) and low (BF ≤ 13.5 mm, n=53). The results revealed that the average BF of the gilts was 15.4 ± 2.3, 17.7 ± 2.7, and 20.1 ± 2.9 mm on the first insemination day, the 70 th day of gestation, and 1 w before farrowing, respectively. The gilts in the high group had a higher total number of piglets born per litter (TB; 13.1 ± 0.4) than those in the moderate group (12.0 ± 0.4, P = 0.04), and tended to have higher TB than those in the low group (12.1 ± 0.6, P = 0.1).
Effects of potassium, magnesium, and sulphur containing fertilizers on yield and quality of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

Effects of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S) containing fertilizers on root yield, refined sugar yield, and K, Mg, and S concentrations of leaf of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were studied on 3 different locations in Konya province, namely Kuzucu, Karaarslan, and Alakova, in 2004, 2005, and 2006. In the trails, a uniform diammonium phosphate (DAP) + urea application was used as the control treatment, while potassium sulphate and Mg containing Kalimagnesia, were applied at varying rate combinations. Compared to the control treatment (DAP + urea), all fertilizer treatments containing K, Mg, and S increased root yield in the Kuzucu and Alakova locations, while in the Karararslan location only potassium sulphate treatment improved root yield. The Kalimagnesia fertilizer containing all 3 nutrients, namely K, Mg, and S, enhanced root yield by 42% and 39% in the Kuzucu and Alakova locations, respectively. But, this yield-stimulating effect of the Kalimagnesia fertilizer was rate-dependent. Kalimagnesia was also effective in improving the sugar content of the root, while the amino-N levels were not consistently affected by the fertilizer treatments. Despite increases in the leaf concentrations of K, Mg, and S by the tested fertilizers, the changes in the leaf concentrations of these nutrients could not fully explain the increases in root yields. In the discussion of the results, the possible role of basic cation saturation ratios of soils was also taken into consideration. The results indicate that a fertilizer treatment including 81 kg K2O ha-1, 27 kg Mg ha-1, and 46 kg S ha-1 may be recommendable in fertilization of sugar beets, together with regular nitrogen and phosphorus applications, under similar conditions, in order to achieve a balanced mineral nutrition and sustain better root and sugar yields.
ROLE OF INFORMATIONAL SYSTEMS ON MARKETING

Nowadays information is regarded as powerful resource and having required knowledge of customer requirements and related factors play key role at organizations. On the other hand, through developing effective factors on success activities, it is required for having enough knowledge about these factors. Therefore, those managers are successful having highest and most important information for making correct decision. If management is defined as foresightedness it is equivalent to information management. This research examines marketing informational system and its role on improving decision making for marketing managers in different organizations and corrects application of information on decision making process.
Association of CCR 2 Gene but not CCR 5 Gene Polymorphisms with Alzheimer ’ s Disease

Chemokines participate in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses by interacting with their specific receptors on related immune and inflammatory cells such as B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Chemokines and their receptors are therefore considered to mediate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune disorders. The recent studies have revealed the genotypes of chemokine receptors (CCR) and their related polymorphisms in a number of autoimmune and infectious diseases. We used the polymorphic DNA markers (CCR2-64I) and (CCR5Δ32) to study the association of CCR2 and CCR5 gene mutations with Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and the relation between clinical features and genotypes in affected individuals. A total of 160 patient samples and 163 healthy controls from west northern Iran (Eastern Azerbaijan) were genotyped for the two polymorphisms by the PCRRFLP method and genotype frequencies were statistically determined. No significant linkage was determined between CCR5Δ32 and the disease of interest. However the gene CCR2 was appeared to be significantly linked to the disease, as it could be concluded from statistical analysis.
Tunneling Transport in Ferromagnet/Insulator/Ferromagnet Junctions

We study the spin-dependent transport in expitaxial Ferromagnet/Insulator/Ferromagnet junctions. Firstly we show that the tunneling through the insulator can be described by the complex band structure of the insulator in the gap region, i.e. by the metal-induced gap states. Since the imaginary part of the Bloch vector describes the decay of the wave function, we calculate the spectrum of the decay parameters s for several semiconductors. For large thicknesses the state with the smallest s -value dominates the current. In the second part we present the results of ground state calculation for Fe/ZnSe/Fe(001) and related junctions. We obtain a rather localized charge transfer from the interface Fe layer to the neighbouring semiconductor layer, which is largest for the low-valent termination. Moreover we find that the local moments at the interface depend sensitively on the lattice parameter chosen. Finally, we show that in the minority band at E F an Fe interface state exists, which deeply penetrates into the barrier.
Mediterranean forest dynamics and forest bird distribution changes in the late 20th century

Processes derived from global change such as land‐use changes, climate warming or modifications in the perturbation regime may have opposite effects on forest extent and structure with still unknown consequences on forest biodiversity at large spatial scales. In the present study, we aimed at determining forest dynamics associated with global change processes (forest spread, maturation and fire) that have driven the variation in forest bird distributions in Mediterranean forest ecosystems in recent years. The study was located in Catalonia (NE Spain) and used changes in richness of specialist and generalist forest bird species in the last 20 years of the 20th century as indicators of forest biodiversity change. Forest bird distribution changes showed strong spatial patterns and appeared to be related to population processes occurring beyond sampling units (10 km × 10 km squares). Forest maturation appeared as the most important driver of such changes because most of the studied species have a non‐Mediterranean origin and are associated with more mature forests. To a lower degree, forest spread also contributed to forest bird distribution changes whereas the impact of forest fires was not associated to a decrease in the richness of either group of forest species. Given the relatively coarse scale at which our study was conducted, caution should be taken when extrapolating our results to the possible future impacts of climate change on fire regime and forest bird distribution. Our results indicate that large‐scale forest maturation and spread due mainly to land abandonment in Catalonia has overridden the potentially negative effects of fires on forest bird distributions and are currently driving changes in forest biodiversity patterns across the region.
The environmental history of Fenékpuszta with a special attention to the climate and precipitation of the last 2000 years

This work presents the details of a multidisciplinary palaeoecological and geoarcheological study on the sedimentary sequences, including 2 undisturbed cores of the Little Balaton situated in the western part of Lake Balaton in Central Europe. The application of Quaternary palaeoecological analysis to peat and lacustrine deposits enables to identify long-term environmental changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The principal aims were to shed light onto how former human societies and culture shaped and altered their natural environment on the one hand. Furthermore, to reconstruct the once existing environmental conditions within the framework of the natural evolution of the vegetation, soil, fauna and the catchment basin for the times preceding written historical records via the application of sedimentological, geochemical, isotope geochemical, palynological, macrobotanical, malacological and microfaunal analytical methods and approaches.
The Response of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones to Suppression of African Easterly Waves

Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) genesis is strongly linked with African easterly waves (AEWs) on the synoptic time scale. However, the TC‐AEW relationship is unclear on interannual to climate time scales, and it is unknown whether AEWs are necessary to maintain climatological TC frequency, that is, whether TCs are limited by AEWs. We investigated the impact of AEW suppression on seasonal Atlantic TC activity using a 10‐member ensemble of regional climate model simulations in which AEWs were either prescribed or removed through the lateral boundary condition. The climate model experiments produced no significant change in seasonal Atlantic TC number, indicating that AEWs are not necessary to maintain climatological basin‐wide TC frequency even though TCs readily originate from these types of disturbances. This suggests that the specific type of “seedling” disturbance is unimportant for determining basin‐wide seasonal Atlantic TC number and that in the absence of AEWs, TCs will generate by other mechanisms. The results imply that changes in the presence of AEWs may not be reliable predictors of seasonal variability and future change in Atlantic TC frequency.
Population differentiation in floral characters of Datura inoxia Mill.

Question: Is differentiation in single and correlated floral traits among populations of Datura inoxia the result of contrasting natural selection? Hypothesis: The pattern and structure of phenotypic variance–covariance matrices of putative adaptive traits differ from those produced by random processes. Population differentiation in quantitative floral traits (QST) of D. inoxia exceeds the magnitude of population differentiation in neutral characters (FST), supporting a selection-driven differentiation scenario. Organism: Datura inoxia Mill. (Solanaceae). Field sites: Six natural populations in Mexico (latitudinal range: 18 48 N to 26 41 N). Methods: Using different methods (Mantel and modified Mantel tests, jackknife MANOVA, Flury’s method, and QST–FST of Whitlock and Guillaume), we contrasted the pattern of phenotypic variance–covariance matrices as well as the magnitude of population differentiation in seven quantitative floral traits, against population structure of D. inoxia in neutral loci (molecular markers). We also contrasted floral characters measures and integration indices with local inbreeding values (FIS) for each population to contrast selection mediated by pollinators and selection of selfing. Conclusions: Datura inoxia populations are genetically structured in both quantitative traits and neutral loci but population differentiation in four of seven floral traits is greater than expected by random differentiation. The strong correlations in characters related to attraction of pollinators and pollen deposition/removal are in agreement with a pattern expected for the adaptive evolution of funnel-shaped corollas in outcrossing species.
Settlement, growth, and movement of silver hake

Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis from the New York Bight were examined for the quality and quantity of their offshore settlement and nursery habitats. Juveniles were collected during 10 cruises between June 1996 and July 1997 using a 2 m beam trawl. Settlement began in July 1996 and peaked in September and October 1996 on the outer shelf (47 to 95 m; 8 to 10°C). Otolith analysis of fish collected during peak settlement was used to calculate the mean age and length at settlement, 34.5 d and 15 mm, and preand post-settlement growth rates. 0.35 and 0.51 mm d-', respectively. Back calculated settlement dates suggest that peak settlement is tied to the lunar cycle. Post-settlement growth rates along a temperature gradient (8 to 12°C) indicate that silver hake in areas of cooler bottom temperatures (-9°C) were not only larger and more abundant, but also faster growing. Movements of early juveniles imply that settlement habitat is more specific than juvenile nursery habitat. Overall, the outer portion (60 to 95 m) of the continental shelf serves as important nursery habitat for silver hake.
Estimates of BMO type for singular integrals on spaces of homogeneous type and applications to hypoelliptic PDEs

Let us consider the class of "nonvariational uniformly hypoelliptic operators": Lu ≡ q � i,j=1 aij (x) XiXju where: X1 ,X 2 ,. ,X q is a system of Hormander vector fields in R n ( n>q ), {aij} is a q × q uniformly elliptic matrix, and the func- tions aij (x) are continuous, with a suitable control on the modulus of continuity. We prove that: � XiXjuBM O(Ω� ) ≤ c � � LuBM O(Ω) + � uBM O(Ω) �
Testing a recipe for effective recovery plan design: a marine turtle case study

Managing impacts to threatened species is challenging, because it is intrinsically linked to resources, knowledge, capacity and public and government will. A key tool often used in species conservation is a recovery or management plan. Yet all too often, plans are not designed for evaluation and not tested against quantitative criteria. Our study takes a novel approach to recovery plan assessment by assembling a worldwide database of recovery plans for a single taxon. We obtained 79 recovery or management plans for marine turtles and then designed criteria to assess and compare them for their ability to be evaluated and thus successfully implemented. We then used expert opinion of marine turtle specialists to weigh our 18 criteria. Overall, we found that the failure to adequately integrate adaptive management into plan design was a major shortcoming of marine turtle recovery planning (>90% of plans). Other common gaps included inadequacy of measurable objectives (75% of plans) and an absence of timelines (50% of plans). We highlight knowledge gaps relating to status trends, critical habitat and a lack of incorporation of social aspects such as stewardship and education. Our research underlines the importance of recovery planning from multiple scales and provides a step towards designing recovery plans that include SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound) objectives; scientific information; social aspects; and evaluation. We highlight the importance of national and multi-national planning processes to produce internationally relevant plans that will maximise conservation efforts for a globally threatened marine species.
Isolation and biocontrol potential of phylloplane Trichoderma against Glomerella cingulata in tea

Three Glomerella cingulata and seven Trichoderma isolates were collected from tea phylloplane of different tea growing districts of southern India. Their cultural morphology and antagonistic potential against brown blight pathogen Glomerella cingulata were studied and results were documented. The growth rate of Trichoderma isolates was quite fast and their cultural morphology was alike on potato dextrose agar medium. Morphometric observation revealed that length of conidia was higher in isolate T6 (4.0) and length: breadth ratio of phialides highest in isolate T4 (7.9:3.1). The antagonistic potential of these isolates of Trichoderma sp. , against G. cingulata pathogen showed that isolate T4 provided higher rate under in-vitro condition than the other Trichoderma isolates and the percentage of inhibition 67.14 % Gc4 followed by T7 (65.71 %) against Gc4. The volatile compounds of T4 inhibited the growth of Gc3 (50.0 %) followed by Gc1 (49.65 %). The non volatile compound of Trichoderma (T4) cell free culture extract highly inhibited the growth of pathogen Gc3 (74.28 %) followed by Gc2 (72.60 %). The Trichoderma sp. , antagonizes the pathogens by several mechanisms such as antibiosis, competition, mycoparasitism or other form of direct exploitation. This study revealed that, the Trichoderma strain (T4) was highly effective to control all isolates of G. cingulata based on results obtained.
Statistics of spectroscopic sub-systems in visual multiple stars

A large sample of visual multiples of spectral types F5-M has been surveyed for the presence of spectroscopic sub-systems. Some 4200 radial velocities of 574 components were measured in 1994-2000 with the correlation radial velocity meter. A total of 46 new spectroscopic orbits were computed for this sample. Physical relations are established for most of the visual systems and several optical components are identified as well. The period distribution of sub-systems has a maximum at periods from 2 to 7 days, likely explained by a combination of tidal dissipation with triple-star dynamics. The fraction of spectroscopic sub-systems among the dwarf components of close visual binaries with known orbits is similar to that of field dwarfs, from 11% to 18% per component. Sub-systems are more frequent among the components of wide visual binaries and among wide tertiary components to the known visual or spectroscopic binaries - 20% and 30%, respectively. In triple systems with both outer (visual) and inner (spectroscopic) orbits known, we find an anti-correlation between the periods of inner sub-systems and the eccentricities of outer orbits which must be related to dynamical stability constraints.
Title An analysis of soil moisture dynamics using multi-year data from a network of micrometeorological observation sites Permalink

Soil moisture data, obtained from four AmeriFlux sites in the US, were examined using an ecohydrological framework. Sites were selected for the analysis to provide a range of plant functional type, climate, soil particle size distribution, and time series of data spanning a minimum of two growing seasons. Soil moisture trends revealed the importance of measuring water content at several depths throughout the rooting zone; soil moisture at the surface (above 10 cm) was approximately 20 to 30% less than that at 50 to 60 cm. A modified soil moisture dynamics model was used to generate soil moisture probability density functions at each site. Model calibration results demonstrated that the commonly used soil matric potential values for finding the vegetation stress point and field content may not be appropriate, particularly for vegetation adapted to a water-controlled environment. Projections of future soil moisture patterns suggest that two of the four sites will become severely stressed by climate change induced alterations to the precipitation regime.