Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen concentration influences mRNA processing and expression of the cd34 gene

CD34 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that disappears with their maturation. This gene is transcribed in two alternatively spliced mRNAs that encode full length and truncated form of CD34 cell surface antigen. Some publications suggested that CD34 full length plays a role in the maintenance of their self renewal capacity. An examination of CD34 regulation by a low O2 concentration that ensures a better maintenance of stem cells may provide important insights into the molecular control of hematopoiesis. Using human cord blood CD34+ cells, we first compared the effect of short term (24 h) culture in hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia (20% O2) on the expression of full length and truncated form of cd34 transcripts and on the expression of the CD34 antigen. Hypoxia maintained a larger quantity of cd34 full length transcripts and a higher cd34 full length/cd34 truncated form ratio than normoxia. After 72 h of culture at 1% and 20% O2, sorted CD34low sub‐population from 1% O2 primary culture still contained more cd34 full length mRNAs than those from 20% O2, maintained better CD34 antigen expression during secondary culture at 20% O2 and contained more undifferentiated cells. This work provides the first evidence of the regulation of the cd34 gene by hypoxia resulting in a delayed higher and longer antigen expression by cord blood cells. We suggest that this phenomenon is related to the better maintenance of primitive stem cells in hypoxia. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity of single neurons in the monkey amygdala during performance of a visual discrimination task.

1. The activity of single neurons was recorded extracellularly from the monkey amygdala while monkeys performed a visual discrimination task. The monkeys were trained to remember a visual stimulus during a delay period (0.5-3.0 s), to discriminate a new visual stimulus from the stimulus, and to release a lever when the new stimulus was presented. Colored photographs (human faces, monkeys, foods, and nonfood objects) or computer-generated two-dimensional shapes (a yellow triangle, a red circle, etc.) were used as visual stimuli. 2. The activity of 160 task-related neurons was studied. Of these, 144 (90%) responded to visual stimuli, 13 (8%) showed firing during the delay period, and 9 (6%) responded to the reward. 3. Task-related neurons were categorized according to the way in which various stimuli activated the neurons. First, to evaluate the proportion of all tested stimuli that elicited changes in activity of a neuron, selectivity index 1 (SI1) was employed. Second, to evaluate the ability of a neuron to discriminate a stimulus from another stimulus, SI2 was employed. On the basis of the calculated values of SI1 and SI2, neurons were classified as selective and nonselective. Most visual neurons were categorized as selective (131/144), and a few were characterized as nonselective (13/144). Neurons active during the delay period were also categorized as selective visual and delay neurons (6/13) and as nonselective delay neurons (7/13). 4. Responses of selective visual neurons had various temporal and stimulus-selective properties. Latencies ranged widely from 60 to 300 ms. Response durations also ranged widely from 20 to 870 ms. When the natures of the various effective stimuli were studied for each neuron, one-fourth of the responses of these neurons were considered to reflect some categorical aspect of the stimuli, such as human, monkey, food, or nonfood object. Furthermore, the responses of some neurons apparently reflected a certain behavioral significance of the stimuli that was separate from the task, such as the face of a particular person, smiling human faces, etc. 5. Nonselective visual neurons responded to a visual stimulus, regardless of its nature. They also responded in the absence of a visual stimulus when the monkey anticipated the appearance of the next stimulus. 6. Selective visual and delay neurons fired in response to particular stimuli and throughout the subsequent delay periods. Nonselective delay neurons increased their discharge rates gradually during the delay period, and the discharge rate decreased after the next stimulus was presented. 7. Task-related neurons were identified in six histologically distinct nuclei of the amygdala. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Some quantitative results in $C^0$ symplectic geometry

This paper studies the action of symplectic homeomorphisms on smooth submanifolds, with a main focus on the behaviour of symplectic homeomorphisms with respect to numerical invariants like capacities. Our main result is that a symplectic homeomorphism may preserve and squeeze codimension $4$ symplectic submanifolds ($C^0$-flexibility), while this is impossible for codimension $2$ symplectic submanifolds ($C^0$-rigidity). We also discuss $C^0$-invariants of coistropic and Lagrangian submanifolds, proving some rigidity results and formulating some conjectures. We finally formulate an Eliashberg-Gromov $C^0$-rigidity type question for submanifolds, which we solve in many cases. Our main technical tool is a quantitative $h$-principle result in symplectic geometry.
Sex hormones, body fat distribution, resting metabolic rate and glucose-induced thermogenesis in premenopausal obese women.

The topographic specificity of upper body obesity is known to be at the origin of a series of metabolic complications. In contrast to this negative effect, women with abdominal obesity usually can lose more body weight than women with gluteal-femoral obesity. In order to find some contributive explanations for this effect, we studied resting metabolic rate (RMR) and glucose-induced thermogenesis (GIT) in both types of obesity. Since upper body obesity is characterized by androgen excess, a relationship between body fat distribution, sex hormones, RMR and indices of thermogenesis was studied. Of 39 obese women who were recruited (mean age: 32.4 +/- 9.3 years), 30 were compared for analysis. Upper body obesity (waist-to-hip ratio (WHR): 0.84 +/- 0.02; body mass index (BMI) 36.2: 36.2 +/- 6.0) is not characterized by differences in RMR, whereas glucose-induced thermogenesis is significantly higher in this subgroup (P < 0.008), expressed as percentage increase above RMR (18.3 +/- 8.5 vs. 11.9 +/- 3.6%) or as percentage of metabolisable energy intake (8.2 +/- 3.3 vs. 5.8 +/- 2.3%). Correlation coefficient data show that GIT determinants are closely related to WHR (r = 0.43; P < 0.01) and not to BMI. Resting metabolic rate, both in absolute terms and corrected for fat-free mass (FFM), is not related to indices of androgenicity, but is negatively related to serum oestradiol levels; this negative relationship with oestradiol disappears when RMR is corrected for both fat mass (FM) and FFM. GIT parameters are not related to free testosterone or oestradiol, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An approach for efficient FIR filter design for hearing aid application

In this paper, a constant coefficient finite impulse response (FIR) filter design has been proposed for hearing aid application. The major change in the proposed architecture is the use of 4:2 compressors instead of using adders. The 17 order filter for hearing aid has been realized at gate level using Verilog HDL. The architectures have been implemented in UMC 90nm technology by the use of Cadence RTL compiler. Synthesis results of the proposed architecture show an improvement of 39.4% and 11.34% in speed and area respectively as compared to the recently published architecture. The proposed architecture provides significant gain of 46.3% in area-delay product (ADP) and 23.7% in power-delay product (PDP). Finally, the functionality of the architecture has been verified by Altera DSP Builder tool.
On a 1, 2 Conjecture

Let us assign positive integers to the edges and vertices of a simple graph G. As a result we obtain a vertex-colouring of G with integers, where a vertex colour is simply a sum of the weight assigned to the vertex itself and the weights of its incident edges. Can we obtain a proper colouring using only weights 1 and 2 for an arbitrary G? We give a positive answer when G is a 3-colourable, complete or 4-regular graph. We also show that it is enough to C use weights from 1 to 11, as well as from 1 to 11 [chi(G)/2] + 1, for an arbitrary graph G.
Making the punishment fit the crime.

In its current crisis the American system of criminal justice has no friends. Overcrowded, unprincipled, and ill-coordinated, the institutions in our society that determine whether and to what extent a criminal defendant should be punished are detested in equal measure by prison wardens and prisoners, cab drivers and college professors. What is more surprising (and perhaps more dangerous), a consensus seems to be emerging on the shape of desirable reform-reducing discretion and the widespread disparity that is its shadow, abolishing parole decisions based on whether a prisoner can convince a parole board that he has been "reformed," and creating a system in in which punishment depends much more importantly than at present on the seriousness of the particular offense. A number of books and committee
Labour force participation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES To assess work history and labour force participation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Netherlands. METHODS A random sample of 1056 patients with RA aged 16–59 years from 17 rheumatology practices in the Netherlands was examined. Data on disease status and outcome were obtained by a questionnaire including standardised instruments, such as the Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology (RADAR) and RAND-36 questionnaires. Labour force participation was defined as having a paid job. RESULTS Of the study group with a mean disease duration of 12 years, 35.7% held a paid job (men 56.7%; women 27.7%). When standardised for age, sex, and educational level, the labour force participation of patients with RA was 61.2% compared with 65.5% for the general population, which was not statistically significant. Disease duration of six years and more was negatively associated with labour force participation. CONCLUSIONS After controlling for the confounding effects of age, sex, and education, the labour force participation of patients with RA in the Netherlands is only slightly lower than that of the general population.
Regional differences in obesity.

In 2004, nearly one-quarter (23%) of Canadians aged 18 or older were obese, and an additional 36% were overweight (data not shown). This means that close to 6 in 10 adults had excess body weight. Excess weight was also apparent among children and adolescents: 8% were obese and 18% were overweight, for a combined obesity/overweight prevalence of 26% among 2to 17-year-olds. These estimates of obesity and overweight are based on data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey: Nutrition, and were derived using body mass index (BMI) (see Body mass index). The 2004 CCHS was the first time in many years that interviewers measured the height and weight of a nationally representative sample of Canadians. Most previous surveys relied on respondents to report their height and weight, a practice that tends to underestimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight.1-4 This article examines provincial and urban-rural differences in the percentage of Canadians who have excess weight. Comparisons for adults focus on obesity, the weight category associated with the greatest health risks.5 Because small sample sizes prevent a separate examination of obesity for children and adolescents, comparisons for 2to 17year olds reflect the obese and overweight categories combined.
Psychiatric and developmental disorders in families of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a pediatric family history obtained via a brief parent interview would reveal a high prevalence of psychiatric and developmental disorders in the family members of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with a group of children with another chronic developmental disability, Down syndrome (DS). DESIGN A controlled cross-sectional group comparison study. SETTING An interdisciplinary hyperactivity and learning problem clinic and a DS clinic located in a large, urban tertiary care teaching hospital in Chicago, Ill. PARTICIPANTS A total of 140 children with ADHD and 163 children with DS of comparable socioeconomic status. MEASURES Using a screening questionnaire and parent interview, the development pediatricians obtained a family history. RESULTS By parent report, children with ADHD were significantly more likely than the control children with DS to have a parent affected by alcoholism (P = .007), other drug abuse (P < .001), depression (P < .001), delinquency (P < .001), learning disabilities (P < .001), and ADHD (P < .001). Similar patterns were evidenced in other first- and second-degree relatives. CONCLUSIONS The high reported frequency of psychiatric and developmental disorders in the families of children with ADHD requires that the treating clinician explore the area of family psychiatric and developmental history and use the findings to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan that includes anticipatory guidance and psychosocial intervention.
The fine structural relationship between mitochondria and light granules in the human apocrine sweat glands.

Previous papers describing the fine structure of the human apocrine gland have show the existence of several kinds of " sec retory " granules in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells (K u r osumi et al., 1959, C h a r l e s, 1959, Yamada, 1960 and H i b b s, 1962). K u r o s u m i et al. (1959) interpreted some of these granules as modified mitochondria. Since the transformation or metamorphosis, of mitochondria into other structures has been questioned, we have attempted to reassess the fine structural relationship between themitochondria and the " secretory " granules.
Visualization of Retroviral Replication in Living Cells Reveals Budding into Multivesicular Bodies

Retroviral assembly and budding is driven by the Gag polyprotein and requires the host‐derived vacuolar protein sorting (vps) machinery. With the exception of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected macrophages, current models predict that the vps machinery is recruited by Gag to viral budding sites at the cell surface. However, here we demonstrate that HIV Gag and murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag also drive assembly intracellularly in cell types including 293 and HeLa cells, previously believed to exclusively support budding from the plasma membrane. Using live confocal microscopy in conjunction with electron microscopy of cells generating fluorescently labeled virions or virus‐like particles, we observed that these retroviruses utilize late endosomal membranes/multivesicular bodies as assembly sites, implying an endosome‐based pathway for viral egress. These data suggest that retroviruses can interact with the vps sorting machinery in a more traditional sense, directly linked to the mechanism by which cellular proteins are sorted into multivesicular endosomes.
Measured radial distributions of dose and LET for alpha and proton beams in hydrogen and tissue-equivalent gas.

Experimental measurements of the radial distribution of dose and radially restricted linear energy transfer (L/sub r/) are reported for alpha and proton beams of 1 to 3 MeV from a Van de Graaff accelerator. The method employs a large cylindrical ionization chamber filled with tissue-equivalent gas (or hydrogen) at variable low pressure for L/sub r/ measurement. For radial dose determination, a small movable ionization chamber of transparent mesh located inside the large cylinder is used to measure ionization by secondary electrons around the charged particle beam. Results are presented for simulated tissue radii from about 10 A to a few thousand angstroms. Comparison of the measured dose distributions with recent calculations by H. G. Paretzke indicates fair agreement except for large radii, where the local energy deposition is a small part of the total. (auth)
Effect of LED curing modes on postoperative sensitivity after Class II resin composite restorations.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare postoperative sensitivity following placement of posterior composite restorations using the fast- or step-curing modes of an LED curing light. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients participated, with each having two homologous contralateral posterior teeth with Class II carious lesions. One restoration was cured using the fast-curing mode of the LED curing light (Mini LED), and the contralateral restoration cured using the step mode of the same curing light. The patients were contacted after 2 and 7 days postoperatively and asked about the presence or absence of sensitivity on a scale from 0 to 3.0: no sensitivity, 1: slight sensitivity, 2: moderate sensitivity, and 3: severe sensitivity. If the patient experienced sensitivity at 7 days postoperatively, he/she was contacted again after 30 and 90 days. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative sensitivity between the two curing modes at days 2 and 7 postoperatively (p < 0.05) but not at days 30 and 90 (p > 0.05). The intensity of sensitivity was also different between the two curing modes at days 2 and 7 postoperatively (p < 0.05) but not at days 30 and 90 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The step mode of the LED curing light reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative sensitivity following placement of posterior composite restorations compared to the fast mode of the same curing light.
A numbers game: lack of gendered data impedes prevention of disaster-related family violence.

ISSUE ADDRESSED The lack of a systematic approach to collecting family violence data after a disaster impedes family violence prevention and response efforts. Without evidence, there is little chance that interventions will be planned and implemented to address increased family violence after disasters. METHODS A literature review of international and Australian gendered disaster research was conducted, with a focus on family violence following disasters in developed countries. A case study was prepared exploring the complexity of gathering data about family violence in the aftermath of the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires. RESULTS Although increases in family violence in the aftermath of the Black Saturday bushfire were observed and anecdotally reported by funded family violence agencies, recovery authorities and community leaders, attempts by Women's Health in the North and the researchers to quantify the increase were unsuccessful. The fragmented nature of the family violence data that was collected was a consequence of inconsistent data recording practices and the complex and multifaceted nature of the recovery effort. CONCLUSIONS Health promotion theory and service planning demand a sound evidence base for interventions. In the absence of this, family violence following disasters will continue to be overlooked in the face of 'urgent' needs.
Fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy for in vivo imaging of epidermal reactions to two experimental irritants

Background: Fibre‐optic fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a novel non‐invasive technique for in vivo imaging of skin. The cellular structure of the epidermis can be studied. A fluorophore, e.g. fluorescein sodium, is introduced by an intradermal injection or applied to the skin surface before scanning. Images are horizontal optical sections parallel to the skin surface. Fluorescence CLSM has hitherto not been applied to experimental contact dermatitis.
Simultaneous Infantile Spasms and Partial Seizures

We report 11 infants with infantile spasms who had partial seizures that occurred concurrently with the infantile spasms. We studied this phenomenon with time-locked video electroencephalography. The partial seizures began before the infantile spasms and continued after one or more infantile spasms in seven patients. An infantile spasm occurred at the beginning of the partial seizure in five patients. (One patient had both seizure types simultaneously.) The clinical descriptions of these combinations of seizures were confusing, since they did not match known seizure types. The genesis of these seizures may involve an interaction between processes of focal cortical epileptogenesis (partial seizures) and brainstem synchronization (infantile spasms) (J Child Neurol 1991;6:246-250).
[Metabolic profile of patients with cholesterol gallstone disease].

UNLABELLED Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors as well as associated co morbidities, including cholesterol gallstones disease.The aim of our study is to prove the association between metabolic syndrome and cholesterol gallstones, to identify the main risk factors for this association and to trace the particularities of the metabolic syndrome in such patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD Our cohort study enrolled 449 subjects, 312 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and gallstones or cholecystectomy (group 1) and 137 patients diagnosed only with metabolic syndrome (group 2), hospitalized in the Respiratory Rehabilitation Medical Clinic between 2007-2009. RESULTS 85.25% of the patients with metabolic syndrome and cholesterol gallstones and 79.92% of the patients with metabolic syndrome alone had a body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 Kg/m2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate the risk of gallstone disease associated with different metabolic syndrome variables. Waist circumference, BMI, fasting glycemia, insulinemia and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) registered statistical significant differences between the two study groups and were significantly associated with a higher risk of cholesterol gallstone as well as were blood pressure values > or = 130/85 mmHg. The presence of 4 or 5 components of the metabolic syndrome increased the risk of gallstone disease by 3 times (OR = 3.3, p < 0.001) compared to a 2 times higher risk (OR = 2.1, p = 0.02) in case of increased insulin resistance; there was no statistical significance for any of the lipid parameters. CONCLUSION In our study, cholesterol gallstones appeared strongly associated with anthropometric measurements, fasting glycemia and insulin resistance index, as well as with the presence of metabolic syndrome as defined by the new clinical definition, despite the negative results for the lipidic components. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis and that cholesterol gallstone disease belong to metabolic syndrome.
Convective Cahn-Hilliard models: from coarsening to roughening.

In this paper we demonstrate that convective Cahn-Hilliard models, describing phase separation of driven systems (e.g., faceting of growing thermodynamically unstable crystal surfaces), exhibit, with the increase of the driving force, a transition from the usual coarsening regime to a chaotic behavior without coarsening via a pattern-forming state characterized by the formation of various stationary and traveling periodic structures as well as structures with localized oscillations. Relation of this phenomenon to a kinetic roughening of thermodynamically unstable surfaces is discussed.