Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition in Cereal Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Wheat Plants

The cereal aphidsRhopalosiphumpadiL. and Sitobion avenae (F.) coexist on the same host plant but occupy different ecological niches. R. padi arrives Þrst in the season and reaches its population peak before S. avenae. In addition, R. padi prefers the stem and lower leaves, whereas S. avenae is found mostly on the ears and upper leaves of the plant. In greenhouse experiments, the likelihood of competition between R. padi and S. avenae on wheat seedlings and tillering plants was evaluated. The reproductive rate of S. avenae on tillering plants was negatively affected by previous infestation by R. padi, and this effect was larger when R. padi infestation started at an earlier plant growth stage. Likewise, previous infestation by R. padi decreased S. avenae reproduction on seedlings. In contrast, previous infestation by S. avenae on the ßag leaf of ßowering plants did not affect R. padi on that plant part. When both aphid species co-occurred from the beginning, the presence of either aphid species negatively affected the reproductive rate of the other. R. padi consistently had a higher rate of population increase than S. avenae. The presence of the other aphid species did not affect within-plant aphid distribution or alate aphid production. Results were similar on wheat seedlings and tillering plants. Finally, alate S. avenae preferred uninfested seedlings over R. padiinfested ones, whereas no preference was observed when the experiment was performed with tillering plants.
REPSYS: A Robust and Distributed Incentive Scheme for Collaborative Caching and Dissemination in Content-Centric Cellular-Based Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks

In this article, a robust and distributed incentive scheme for collaborative caching and dissemination in content-centric cellular-based vehicular delay-tolerant networks (REPSYS) is proposed. REPSYS is robust because despite taking into account first- and second-hand information, it is resilient against false accusations and praise, and distributed, as the decision to interact with another node depends entirely on each node. The performance evaluation shows that REPSYS is capable, while evaluating each node's participation in the network, of correctly classifying nodes in most cases. In addition, it reveals that there are trade-offs in REPSYS, for example, to reduce detection time of nodes that neither cache nor disseminate other nodes' data, one may sacrifice the system's resilience against false accusations and praise, or even, by penalizing nodes that do not disseminate data, one may temporarily isolate nodes that could contribute to data dissemination.
Deep Brain Stimulation of STN in patients with Parkinson ’ s Disease : effects on EMG signals of leg muscles during walking

Goal of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of unilateral and bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on walking features of patients with Parkinson’s disease. In particular, the EMG activation pattern of proximal and distal muscles of lower limbs are here reported. Results showed that, bilateral STN stimulation is able to increase EMG bursts with the physiologic timing in the gait cycle. Unilateral STN stimulation is less effective, but do not induce asymmetric EMG activation pattern between right and left side.
Attenuation of Haemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy & Intubation following Nitroglycerin and Esmolol infusion

Background: Adrenergic stress response induced by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation appears to be attenuated by esmolol and nitroglycerine but their potential clinical benefits have not been fully weighed against possible adverse effects.Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin and esmolol in attenuating hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Methods: Sixty ASA 1 and 2 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures were randomly divided into three groups of 20 patients each. The patients of groups C, E and N received intravenous infusions of normal saline, esmolol hydrochloride (100 mgm/kg/min) and nitroglycerin (0.5 mgm/kg/min) respectively. Infusions were started 5 minutes before induction and continued till 5 minutes after intubation. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone sodium and succinylcholine and maintained with nitrous oxide-oxygen and vecuronium bromide.Results: It was observed that nitroglycerin prevented a rise in diastolic blood pressure and attenuated the rise in systolic blood pressure, but failed to attenuate increase in the heart rate, while esmolol effectively controlled the increase in systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart rate following intubation.Conclusion: It was concluded that esmolol infusion is more effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to intubation as compared to nitroglycerin infusion.
Phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae).

Abstract Psidium guajava L. known as Guava, is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae. P. guajava is a well known traditional medicinal plant used in various indigenous systems of medicine. It is widely distributed throughout India. The present study provides pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical details of the leaves of the P. guajava which are useful in laying down standardization and pharmacopoeial parameters.
Observations of mesoscale and boundary-layer scale circulations affecting dust transport and uplift over the Sahara

Observations of the Saharan boundary layer, made during the GERBILS field campaign, show that mesoscale land surface temperature variations (which were related to albedo variations) induced mesoscale circulations. With weak winds along the aircraft track, land surface temperature anomalies with scales of greater than 10 km are shown to significantly affect boundary-layer temperatures and winds. Such anomalies are expected to affect the vertical mixing of the dusty and weakly stratified Saharan Residual Layer (SRL). Mesoscale variations in winds are also shown to affect dust loadings in the boundary layer. Using the aircraft observations and data from the COSMO model, a region of local dust uplift, with strong along-track winds, was identified in one low-level flight. Large eddy model (LEM) simulations based on this location showed linearly organised boundary-layer convection. Calculating dust uplift rates from the LEM wind field showed that the boundary-layer convection increased uplift by approximately 30%, compared with the uplift rate calculated neglecting the convection. The modelled effects of boundary-layer convection on uplift are shown to be larger when the boundary-layer wind is decreased, and most significant when the mean wind is below the threshold for dust uplift and the boundary-layer convection leads to uplift which would not otherwise occur. Both the coupling of albedo features to the atmosphere on the mesoscale, and the enhancement of dust uplift by boundary-layer convection are unrepresented in many climate models, but may have significant impacts on the vertical transport and uplift of desert dust. Mesoscale effects in particular tend to be difficult to parametrise.
344 Florida Entomologist 92 ( 2 ) June 2009 KNEALLHAZIA ( = THELOHANIA ) SOLENOPSAE INFECTION RATE OF PSEUDACTEON CURVATUS FLIES DETERMINED BY MULTIPLEX PCR

A multiplex PCR method was developed and used to determine the infection rate of Kneallhazia solenopsae in individual Pseudacteon curvatus flies in north-central Florida. Among P. curvatus flies infected with K. solenopsae , 2 amplicons were produced, one of 800 nucleotides from the P. curvatus 18S rRNA gene, and one of 318 nucleotides from the K. solenopsae 16S rRNA gene. Multiplex PCR of DNA extracted from P. curvatus flies was capable of detecting 117.5 ± 82.7 K. solenopsae spore equivalents. The mean K. solenopsae infection rate of P. curvatus from 4 sites in Gainesville and Williston, Florida, was 12.3 ± 5.0%. The K. solenopsae infection rate for P. curvatus was independent of the K. solenopsae infection rate observed among S. invicta nests from where the fly collections took place. Not all P. curvatus flies that developed in K. solenopsae -infected fire ants were positive for K. solenopsae upon eclosion. Among 50 P. curvatus flies known to develop in K. solenopsae -infected S. invicta workers, 12 (24%) were positive for K. solenopsae at eclosion.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MATRILINEAL WHALES: MODELS OF CULTURAL HITCHHIKING AND GROUP-SPECIFIC NON-HERITABLE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIATION

Cultural hitchhiking is the process by which cultural selection reduces the diversity of genes that are being transmitted in parallel to selective cultural traits. I use simulation models to investigate cultural hitchhiking in geographically unstructured populations of culturally homogeneous tribes. Substantial reduction of genetic diversity required: a reasonably low mutation rate; that tribes split fairly frequently when they constitute a substantial part of the population; a fairly low migration rate ( ∼0.005%/ generation); and that cultural assimilation from other tribes change the fitness of a tribe less than cultural innovation within it. Cultural hitchhiking tends to increase mean tribe size. Measures of genetic and cultural variation among tribes poorly indicate past cultural hitchhiking. Demographic effects, in which tribal fitness varies but is not heritable, can also reduce a population's genetic diversity if the fitness varies very considerably, or tribal extirpation is added. In such cases populations frequently become extinct. Four species of matrilineal whales have remarkably low mitochondrial DNA diversity. Knowledge of the population and social structure of these species is consistent with the conditions for cultural hitchhiking. However, there remain important information gaps.
Goodness is central: Task invariance of perceptual organization in a dual‐task setting

We adopted the psychological refractoriness paradigm to study whether visual pattern goodness affects central processing load in a same-different task. In a dual-task experiment, a two-alternative forced choice auditory classification was followed by a same- different task in which Garner's classical five-dot patterns were presented. Goodness of these patterns and stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the first and second task were varied between trials. Participants used a physical sameness criterion; only patterns of the same shape and orientation were responded to as same . Strong effects of pattern goodness and SOA were found, and both factors had additive effects on response latencies. This result was taken as evidence that pattern goodness determines central processing load in the physical sameness task. The result is consistent with Lachmann and van Leeuwen (2007a), in which a categorical sameness task was used. Comparing both studies it was concluded that goodness reduces the central processing load of visual stimulus information independently of task variation.
Neurological presentations and therapeutic responses to cobalamin deficiency

The clinical phenotypes of cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency is often overlooked in clinical practice as their presentations vary according to the level of involvement between the hematologic and nervous systems. Although the negative impact of Cbl deficiency on cognition has been underpinned, the reported therapeutic responses after Cbl supplement therapy differ. Therefore, we aimed to describe the neurological presentations of patients with Cbl deficiency and investigate the potential biomarkers in predicting therapeutic responses with emphasis on cognitive aspects.
All-Digital Blind Background Calibration Technique for Any Channel Time-Interleaved ADC

This paper proposes a novel digital adaptive blind background calibration technique for the gain, timing skew, and offset mismatch errors in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC). Based on the frequency-shifted basis functions generated only from the measured TI-ADC output, the three mismatch errors can be represented, extracted, and then subtracted from the TI-ADC output adaptively, which is quite different from the conventional methods (e.g., using a bank of adaptive FIR filters). The advantage of the proposed technique is that it only needs to know the measured output signal and the TI-ADC channel number, without needing any additional information; and it is applicable to any TI-ADCs with no limitations to the channel number, sub-ADC sampling rate, signal type, and so on. Specifically, the frequency-shifted signal generator employs the Hilbert transform and does not need extra finite impulse response filters. Extensive simulation and measurement results have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed technique, for single-tone, multi-tone, wideband modulated, and multi-band modulated signals. In the measurement for a 32GS/s 16-channel TI-ADC system, it shows that the proposed technique can improve the effective number of bit by 2 ~ 3 bit and the SFDR by 30 ~ 35 dB.
From Tragedy to Renaissance: Improving Agricultural Data for Better Policies

Abstract Agricultural development is an essential engine of growth and poverty reduction, yet agricultural data suffer from poor quality and narrow sectoral focus. There are several reasons for this: (1) difficult-to-measure smallholder agriculture is prevalent in poor countries; (2) agricultural data are collected with little coordination across sectors; and (3) poor analysis undermines the demand for high-quality data. This article argues that initiatives like the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics bode well for the future. Moving from Devarajan’s statistical tragedy’ to Kiregyera’s statistical ‘renaissance’ will take a continued long-term effort by individual countries and development partners.
Effect of subthreshold stimulation of vagal nerve on food intake pattern in swine

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of vagal nerve stimulation for controlling food intake in swine. Methods. 21 adult Large White female pigs (15.42±2.43 kg) were used for this study. Food intake and body weight were monitored for 30 days, beginning 15 days before the performance of a laparoscopic surgery and for a further 15 postoperative days. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups, that underwent different laparoscopic procedures: ventral vagal trunk dissection (group C, n=5), non-functional stimulation implantation (group A, n=8) and functional stimulation implantation (group B, n=8). One month (group A and C) or 15 days (group B) after surgery, blood samples were obtained from five animals of each group for systemic insulin and gastrin determination. Food intake and body weight recording were studied by COANOVA test or ANOVA test, respectively, and hormonal concentration values were analysed by Mann Whitney U test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Despite causing no modification in food intake pattern in this study, vagal nerve stimulation caused changes in systemic gastrin and insulin concentrations. Vagal nerve stimulation increased basal plasmatic insulin and decreased postprandial response. Furthermore, an increase in gastrin was seen in group B thorough the study period. Conclusions. Vagal nerve stimulation was not enough to provoke changes in short term ingestive behaviour in swine, but it did stimulate insulin and gastrin secretion.
Beef Cattle Instance Segmentation Using Fully Convolutional Neural Network

We present an instance segmentation algorithm trained and applied to a CCTV recording of beef cattle during a winter finishing period. A fully convolutional network was transformed into an instance segmentation network that learns to label each instance of an animal separately. We introduce a conceptually simple framework that the network uses to output a single prediction for every animal. These results are a contribution towards behaviour analysis in winter finishing beef cattle for early detection of animal welfare-related problems.
Krypton isotopes and noble gas abundances in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Noble gases in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko indicate nonhomogenized protoplanetary disk material at its location of formation. The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis mass spectrometer Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer on board the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft detected the major isotopes of the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Earlier, it was found that xenon exhibits an isotopic composition distinct from anywhere else in the solar system. However, argon isotopes, within error, were shown to be consistent with solar isotope abundances. This discrepancy suggested an additional exotic component of xenon in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. We show that krypton also exhibits an isotopic composition close to solar. Furthermore, we found the argon to krypton and the krypton to xenon ratios in the comet to be lower than solar, which is a necessity to postulate an addition of exotic xenon in the comet.
Work Values in Western and Eastern Europe

The paper reports on work values in Europe. At the country level we find that job satisfaction is related to lower working hours, higher well-being, and a higher GDP per capita. Moving to the micro level, we turn our attention from job satisfaction to analyse empirically work centrality and work value dimensions (without exploring empirically job satisfaction) related to intrinsic and extrinsic values, power and social elements. The results indicate substantial differences between Eastern and Western Europe. Socio-demographic factors, education, income, religiosity and religious denomination are significant influences. We find additional differences between Eastern and Western Europe regarding work-leisure and work-family centrality that could be driven by institutional conditions. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analyses report further levels of dissimilarity among European countries.
Feasibility Study on Deformable Image Registration for Lung SBRT Patients for Dose-Driven Adaptive Therapy

The purpose of the study was to evaluate a treatment dose using planning computed tomography (pCT) that was deformed to pre-treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment. Five lung SBRT patients were retrospectively selected, and their daily CBCTs were employed in this study. Dosimetric comparison was performed between the original and recalculated plans from the deformed pCT (dose per fraction) by comparing a target coverage and organs at risk. Dose summation of five fractions was computed and compared to the original plan. A phantom study was conducted to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy for the dose per fraction. In the phantom study, the difference between the mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) values of the original and deformed pCTs is less than 0.5%. In patient study, the mean HU deviation of the five deformed pCTs compared to that of the original pCT was within ±5%, which is dosimetrically insignificant. While the internal target volume (ITV) shrank by 17% on average among the five patients, mean lung dose (MLD) increased by up to 7%, and D95% of PTV decreased slightly but stayed within 5%. Results showed that MLD might be a better indicative metric of normal lung dose than V20Gy as the ITV volume decreases. This study showed a feasibility to use a deformed pCT for evaluation of the dose per fraction and for a possible plan adaptation in lung SBRT cases. Readers should be cautious in selecting patients before clinical application due to the image quality of CBCT.
Reconstruction The Effect of Distal Clavicle Excision on In Situ Graft Forces in Coracoclavicular Ligament

http://ajs.sagepub. com/content/38/11/2313 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546510374447 2010 38: 2313 originally published online August 10, 2010 Am J Sports Med Marc S. Kowalsky, Ian J. Kremenic, Karl F. Orishimo, Malachy P. McHugh, Stephen J. Nicholas and Steven J. Lee Reconstruction The Effect of Distal Clavicle Excision on In Situ Graft Forces in Coracoclavicular Ligament
Calamari - A High-Performance Tensorflow-based Deep Learning Package for Optical Character Recognition

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on contemporary and historical data is still in the focus of many researchers. Especially historical prints require book specific trained OCR models to achieve applicable results (Springmann and L\"udeling, 2016, Reul et al., 2017a). To reduce the human effort for manually annotating ground truth (GT) various techniques such as voting and pretraining have shown to be very efficient (Reul et al., 2018a, Reul et al., 2018b). Calamari is a new open source OCR line recognition software that both uses state-of-the art Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) implemented in Tensorflow and giving native support for techniques such as pretraining and voting. The customizable network architectures constructed of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNS) and Long-ShortTerm-Memory (LSTM) layers are trained by the so-called Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) algorithm of Graves et al. (2006). Optional usage of a GPU drastically reduces the computation times for both training and prediction. We use two different datasets to compare the performance of Calamari to OCRopy, OCRopus3, and Tesseract 4. Calamari reaches a Character Error Rate (CER) of 0.11% on the UW3 dataset written in modern English and 0.18% on the DTA19 dataset written in German Fraktur, which considerably outperforms the results of the existing softwares.
Energy Load Forecasting Using Deep Learning

The large automation of appliances and adoption of high energy consuming utilities in homes has the potential to exert a huge constrain on the current energy infrastructure. Majority of the energy supply chain infrastructure across the world are incapable to handle large and concentrated energy demands. Therefore, electric energy suppliers are challenged to make accurate and granular forecasting of the future electricity demand, ensuring efficiency and preventing energy waste and theft. In this work, we evaluate smart meter energy consumption data from homes and use autocorrelation to establish decisive parameters for GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) based recursive Deep Learning. We demonstrate better short-term forecasting results for inhome energy consumption using our model.