Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of Poiseuille flow of phonons in black phosphorus

Hydrodynamic flow of phonons, previously detected only in a handful of solids, is observed in black phosphorus. The travel of heat in insulators is commonly pictured as a flow of phonons scattered along their individual trajectory. In rare circumstances, momentum-conserving collision events dominate, and thermal transport becomes hydrodynamic. One of these cases, dubbed the Poiseuille flow of phonons, can occur in a temperature window just below the peak temperature of thermal conductivity. We report on a study of heat flow in bulk black phosphorus between 0.1 and 80 K. We find a thermal conductivity showing a faster than cubic temperature dependence between 5 and 12 K. Consequently, the effective phonon mean free path shows a nonmonotonic temperature dependence at the onset of the ballistic regime, with a size-dependent Knudsen minimum. These are hallmarks of Poiseuille flow previously observed in a handful of solids. Comparing the phonon dispersion in black phosphorus and silicon, we show that the phase space for normal scattering events in black phosphorus is much larger. Our results imply that the most important requirement for the emergence of Poiseuille flow is the facility of momentum exchange between acoustic phonon branches. Proximity to a structural transition can be beneficial for the emergence of this behavior in clean systems, even when they do not exceed silicon in purity.
Innovations in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Challenges and Upcoming Solutions in 2018 and Beyond

Clinical cardiac electrophysiology is a field that continues to develop and innovate at an ever-increasing rate. In the last decade alone, there has been constant innovation and evolution in many aspects of the field, particularly with respect to cardiovascular implantable electronic devices [eg, subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) and the leadless pacemaker], the design of ablation catheters, and the development of novel energy sources for ablation. Despite these advances, however, there still continue to be challenges that remain. In this article, we outline current challenges in our field and innovations to look out for in 2018 and beyond. Due to the explosive growth of device and ablation technology, this review cannot cover all innovative approaches in electrophysiology, but attempts to highlight some of the developments of particular interest.
Title: Resource stoichiometry and availability modulate species richness and biomass of tropical litter macro-invertebrates Running headline: Stoichiometry and tropical consumers

1 J. F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology & Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany 2 current address: Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 4 Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 5 Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany 6 current address: Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
Comparison of Root‐System Efficiency and Arsenic Uptake of Two Fern Species

Abstract This greenhouse study examined the root characteristics (biomass, length, area, and diameter) and root uptake efficiency of Pteris vittata, an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator and Nephrolepis exaltata, not an As hyperaccumulator, in relation to plant uptake of As and nutrients in an As‐contaminated and a control soil. After 8 weeks of growth, on a per plant basis, P. vittata accumulated 7.3–8.8 g of biomass and removed 2.51 mg of As from the As‐contaminated soil compared to 2.4–2.7 g of biomass and 0.09 mg of As for N. exaltata. This was partially because P. vittata developed a more extensive root system, 2.4–3.8 times greater (biomass, length, and area), and possessed a greater proportion of fine roots than N. exaltata. In addition, the As root‐uptake efficiency (defined as As concentrations in plant tissue per unit root) for fronds of P. vittata was 15–23 times greater than that of N. exaltata in both soils. Whereas N. exaltata removed phosphorus (P) more efficiently from the soils, P. vittata removed As more efficiently. The larger root biomass coupled with more efficient root‐uptake systems for As may have contributed to As hyperaccumulation by P. vittata.
A Brief History of the New World Flying Squirrels: Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Conservation Genetics

Abstract I summarize our current understanding of the evolutionary origin and biogeographic history of the New World flying squirrels (Glaucomys). The emerging synthesis of flying squirrel systematics supports a monophyletic origin for the group in the early Miocene followed by a divergence of New World and Eurasian flying squirrels in the late Miocene. Today, the New World flying squirrels consist of 2 recognized species, G. sabrinus and G. volans. These 2 species are closely associated with the northern coniferous and deciduous hardwood forest biomes of North America, respectively, making them especially useful as biogeographic indicator species for these 2 forest types. Molecular systematic studies have revealed the presence of 2 distinct evolutionary lineages within G. sabrinus (a widespread Continental lineage and a more geographically restricted Pacific Coastal lineage). Bacular morphology and data from nuclear loci suggest recent or ongoing gene flow between these 2 lineages where they meet in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Populations of G. volans from eastern North America represent a 3rd distinct lineage within the genus. Mesoamerican flying squirrels (traditionally considered to be southern forms of G. volans) have not been examined with molecular data and may represent 1 or more additional lineages. From a biogeographic perspective, Quaternary climatic fluctuations and associated changes in the location and extent of forest habitats appear to have been important factors in promoting early evolutionary diversification within the genus; structuring of intraspecific patterns of genetic variation; and producing geographically isolated peripheral populations in high-elevation habitats at the southern extremes of each species' range, several of which are now of conservation concern. These results have broad implications for understanding the Quaternary biogeography of the coniferous and deciduous forest biomes of North America.
Percolations on Hypergraphs

Bruno Coelho Coutinho, Hai-Jun Zhou, and Yang-Yu Liu 4 Center for Complex Network Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
NAILS AND NAILPLATES AS SHEAR CONNECTORS FOR TIMBER- CONCRETE COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTIONS NÄGEL UND NAGELPLATTEN ALS SCHUBVERBINDER FÜR HOLZ- BETON-VERBUNDKONSTRUKTIONEN CLOUS ET CONNECTEURS COMME ASSEMBLAGES DE CISAILLEMENT POUR LES STRUCTURES COMPOSITES BOIS- BÉTON

In many European countries an increasing trend for use of timber-concrete composite constructions cannot be overseen. The range of applications comprises upgrading and post-strengthening of existing timber floors in residential / office buildings as well as newly errected constructions for buildings and bridges. Several Technical Approvals have been issued by German Institute for Building Technique (DIBt) for such constructions in recent years.
Title : Acute Effects of Self-Myofascial Release Using a Foam Roller on Arterial Function Brief Running Head : Self-Myofascial Release and Arterial Function

Flexibility is associated with arterial distensibil ity. Many individuals involved in sport, exercise and/or fitness perform self-myofascial rel ease (SMR) using a foam roller, which restores muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia nd/or soft-tissue extensibility. However, the effect of SMR on arterial stiffness an d vascular endothelial function using a foam roller is unknown. The present study investi gates the acute effect of SMR using a foam roller on arterial stiffness and vascular en dothelial function. Ten healthy young adults performed SMR and control (CON) trials on se parate days in a randomized controlled crossover fashion. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, heart rate and plasma nitric oxide concentration were mea sured before and 30 min after both SMR and CON trials. The participants performed SMR of the adductor, hamstrings, quadriceps, iliotibial band and trapezius. Pressure was self-adjusted during myofascial release by applying body weight to the roller and u sing the hands and feet to offset weight as required. The roller was placed under the target tissue area and the body was moved back and forth across the roller. In the CON trial, SMR was not performed. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity significantly de creased (from 1202 ± 105 to 1074 ± 110 cm/s) and the plasma nitric oxide concentration s g ificantly increased (from 20.4 ± 6.9 to 34.4 ± 17.2 μmol/L) after SMR using a foam roller (both P < 0.05 ), but neither significantly differed after CON trials. These resu lt indicate that SMR using a foam roller reduces arterial stiffness and improves vasc ular endothelial function.
Constructing Grassmannian Frames by an Iterative Collision-Based Packing

Grassmannian frames consist of unit-norm vectors with a maximum cross correlation between each other that is minimal. A property like that is desired in many applications, such as in wireless communications, sparse recovery, quantum information theory, and more. In this letter, we present an iterative algorithm targeting the construction of Grassmannian frames, based on a collision-based packing of equal-radius hyperspheres on the surface of a unit-norm hypersphere. Our results show that the algorithm is capable of producing frames with very low coherence, and at a fast convergence rate compared to other methods.
Chained Displays : Configuration of Multiple Co-Located Public Displays

Networks of pervasive display systems involving public and semi-public displays have allowed experiences to be created that span across multiple displays to achieve a stronger effect on the viewers. However, little research has been done so far on the configuration of content for multiple displays, especially when encountered in sequence in what is commonly referred to as chained displays. As a first step towards determining appropriate configuration strategies for chained displays, we have identified and investigated different approaches for configuring content. We report on a user study on the effect of the different configuration models in terms of usability and user engagement.
TSP Symposium 2013 Proceedings

Abstract : The 2013 TSP Symposium was organized by the Software Engineering Institute and took place September 16-19 in Dallas, Texas. The goal of the TSP Symposium is to bring together practitioners and academics who share a common passion to change the world of software engineering for the better through disciplined practice. The conference theme was When Software Really Matters, which explored the idea that when product quality is critical, high-quality practices are the best way to achieve it. In keeping with that theme, the community contributed a variety of technical papers describing their experiences and research using the Personal Software Process (PSP) and Team Software Process (TSP). This year's report contains four papers that focus on PSP in an academic environment with somewhat broader implications, not only for TSP but also for new process introduction. Among other things, the papers selected this year show that PSP provides a consistent empirical platform that lends itself to both effective instruction and valid experimentation. The papers are as follows: Demonstrating the Impact of the PSP on Software Quality and Effort: Eliminating the Programming Learning Effect, An Analysis of Student Performance During the Introduction of the PSP: An Empirical Cross-Course Comparison, Incorporating Some PSP Practices into Introductory Programming Courses: A Case Study in Universidad del Quindio, and Factors Affecting Productivity Performance in PSP Training.
Assessment of the use of Moringa oleifera seed husks for removal of pesticide diuron from contaminated water

ABSTRACT Considering the need for new technologies for the removal of pesticides from the aqueous environment, the Moringa oleifera seed husks (h-MO) were investigated for the diuron adsorption from contaminated water at different temperatures and solute concentrations. The biosorbent used in this study was characterized by chemical, structural and textural analyses. The best experimental condition for the biosorption was determined by evaluating the mass of the biosorbent and the pH solution. We found a good adsorption capacity for the herbicide where the maximum adsorption capacity was 14.74 mg/g at pH 5 and 45°C. In addition, the adsorption process of diuron by the h-MO occurred spontaneously, in which, ΔG° values increased as the temperature increased, meaning that the process tends to a more energetically favourable process at higher temperatures. Both Langmuir and Sips isotherm models presented satisfactory adjustment at all temperatures and the pseudo-second-order model presented the best fit for the experimental results. The application of the intra-particle diffusion model showed that the adsorption process started instantaneously through the boundary layer of the adsorbent and that the pore diffusion step was a limiting step in the process. Finally, the capacity of the h-MO was compared with other adsorbents that had been used for diuron removal from contaminated where it was found that the adsorption capacity of the h-MO is much higher than other natural adsorbents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Percutaneous compression cannulated screw fixation for ankle fractures

Objective: To dissect the efficacy of percutaneous compression cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of ankle fractures. Methods: From January 2014 to June 2016, 100 patients with unilateral ankle fractures admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital were recruited as participants in this study. They were randomly assigned by a random number table to the experiment group or the control group, with 50 cases in each group. The patients in the experiment group received percutaneous compression cannulated screw fixation, while those in the control group underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, the time to initiate restricted weight-bearing ambulation and hospitalization of the patients were compared between the two study groups. Regular postoperative follow-up visits were performed for assessment of the fracture healing rate, healing duration and the rates of complications; at 1 year after operation, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale was employed to evaluate the recovery of ankle functions. Results: The intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, the time to begin restricted weight-bearing ambulation and hospitalization were more markedly improved in the experiment group than in the control group (All P<0.05); the fracture healing rate and mean fracture healing duration were remarkably different (P<0.05); the rate of postoperative complications was significantly lowered in the experiment group (8% vs 26%, P<0.001). At 1 year after operation, the results of the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale manifested the proportion of the patients with good or excellent postoperative ankle recovery was greater in the experiment group (88%) than in the control group (72%) (P=0.046). Conclusion: Percutaneous compression cannulated screw fixation featured shorter operation duration, less intraoperative blood, shorter hospital stay, faster fracture healing, a lower rate of complications and better recovery of ankle functions than open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of ankle fractures. Thus, it is worth of wide application.
A digital simulation study of pedicle safe range and perforation risk with screw insertion : a retrospective case series

Objectives: This study focused on L2 pedicle safe range in the axial view. Perforation risk of the L2 pedicle with screw insertion was assessed through digital simulation, generating gradient diagrams for risk zone (RZ), safe zone (SZ), edge key points, and safe range of entry point to help achieve safer screw-setting positions. Methods: 28 healthy L2 vertebral pedicle models were constructed by computed tomography data and Mimics 17.0. After pedicle axis establishment and setting of auxiliary lines, the vertebra were rotated to correct the sagittal and transverse pedicle angle to obtain the axial direction. The gradient diagram for RZ, SZ, edge key points and a safe range of entry point were obtained after compiling all the original axial projections of vertebral pedicle into one image adjusted to match a normalized rectangle. Results: All 28 vertebral pedicles had RZs consisting of 4 parts, with perforation risk of 22.58±2.84%. Individual risks were 3.06±0.46%, 6.17±0.71%, 5.58±0.58%, and 8.23±0.95%, respectively, for parts I, II, III, and IV. Average width and height of the pedicle projection were 7.57 mm and 17.65 mm, respectively. Four edge key points, perforation risk, and safe range were analyzed on L2 for a 6.0 mm pedicle screw. Conclusions: The safe range of screw insertion was recommended by a digital simulation. In addition, a screw could generate an optical illusion of precise position on both axial and lateral radiographs with the perforation risk of vertebral pedicle, especially in the part IV.
Defects and Rearrangements in Disordered Solids

In this thesis, I will investigate the properties of disordered materials under strain. Disordered materials encompass a large variety of materials, including glasses, polymers, granular matter, dense colloids, and gels. There is currently no constitutive equation based on microscopic observables that describes these materials. Given the prevalence and usefulness of these materials, we derive tools to aid our understanding of them. We develop a new method to isolate localized defects from extended vibrational modes in disordered solids. This method augments particle interactions with an artificial potential that acts as a high-pass filter: it preserves small-scale structures while pushing extended vibrational modes to higher frequencies. The low-frequency modes that remain are “bare” defects; they are exponentially localized without the quadrupolar tails associated with elastic interactions. We demonstrate that these localized excitations are excellent predictors of plastic rearrangements in the solid. We characterize several of the properties of these defects that appear in mesoscopic theories of plasticity, including their distribution of energy barriers, number density, and size, which is a first step in testing and revising continuum models for plasticity in disordered solids. We additionally study the properties of rearrangement types in 2D disordered packings of particles with a harmonic potential at a range of packing fractions above jamming. We develop a generalizable procedure that classifies events by stress drop, energy drop, and reversibility under two protocols. Somewhat surprisingly, we find a large population of contact change events that have no associated stress drop. Reversible events become more common at high pressures above a packing fraction of φ = 0.865, at which point line reversible events are more common than loop reversible events. At low pressures, irreversible events are associated with spatially extended events, while at high pressures reversible events are much more spatially localized. Defects and Rearrangements in Disordered Solids by Sven Wijtmans B.S., Harvey Mudd College, 2011 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics Syracuse University May 2017 Copyright c ©Sven Wijtmans 2017
Command-filter-based distributed containment control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with actuator failures

ABSTRACT In this paper, the problem of distributed containment fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems in strict-feedback form is studied. The considered nonlinear multi-agent systems are subject to unknown nonlinear functions and actuator faults with loss of effectiveness and lock-in-place. By resorting to the universal approximation capability of fuzzy logical systems, the command filtered backstepping technique and nonlinear fault-tolerant control theory, distributed controllers are designed recursively. From the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all signals of the resulting closed-loop systems are cooperatively semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the containment errors converge to a small neighbourhood of origin by properly tuning the design parameters. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Changing partner choice and marriage propensities by education in post-industrial Taiwan, 2000-2010

BACKGROUND Very little is known about recent marriage differentials by education in times of marriage decline and economic restructuring in East Asia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute to family research in Asia by investigating educational variations in retreat from marriage and mate selection in Taiwan. METHODS This study applied Schoen's (1988) harmonic-mean two-sex marriage propensity approach to nationwide marriage registration data to examine the changing marriage patterns by education in Taiwan between 2000 and 2010. RESULTS The findings show that the drop in marriage rates is particularly drastic among the least educated. Marriage has become more prevalent and affordable for better-educated Taiwanese. Additionally, the proportion of educationally homogamous marriages has increased, and the share of female-hypergamous marriages of all heterogamy also increased from 2000 to 2010. Decomposition analyses show that these changes are mainly due to decreased marriage propensities, not to the availability of eligible partners. Educational and sex variations in marriage intentions, gender-role and marriage values, and the changing economic structure and financial well-being of young adults were investigated as potential causes. 1 Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. E-Mail: aliceyh@gate.sinica. edu.tw. Cheng: Marriage patterns by education in Taiwan 1008 http://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSIONS Period marriage differentials by education have reversed from negative to positive in post-millennium Taiwan. A continued reliance on men‟s economic resources is also observed. Differences in gender-role values and economic well-being across social groups are plausible reasons for these family changes. COMMENTS More research is needed to unravel the impact of education on men and women‟s family formation prospects and how social inequality may be reinforced and reproduced through matrimony in Asia.