Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Contributing to the Increase in HIV/AIDS and Late Diagnoses of the Virus among Older Adults

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among the American population aged 50 years and over would account for 50% of all HIV/AIDS cases in the United States by 2015. Yet there is little research available about the reason for the high prevalence or the availability of interventions available for this population. The purpose of this study was to explore factors related to HIV/AIDS awareness in a group of older recipients of health care and their health care providers. This study was intended to help fill the information gaps in this area by using a conceptual framework based on systems theory and social network theory. A mixed-method design was used to collect data; semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 17 health care providers and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Structured exploratory surveys were distributed to a sample of 99 HIV/AIDS-positive adults, aged 50 and over, to understand common factors likely to have contributed to their infection and the results were compared to common factors already identified in the general population in the literature. Results of this study indicate possible communication barriers that exist between care providers and their older clients when discussing topics related to behavioral factors contributing to HIV/AIDS. This study contributes to social change by adding support to the importance of education programs and awareness campaigns about factors related to HIV/AIDS to curtail the spread of this disease among older adults. Factors Contributing to the Increase in HIV/AIDS and Late Diagnoses of the Virus among Older Adults
Experience of research hospital in determination of brain death

Objective: Istanbul Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital is one of the most common health care centers in where declaration of brain death is documented. In this paper, we would like to share our experience about brain death determination, problems, and the role of trauma in this issue. Method: Between September 2007 and January 2012, 62 brain death and 18 multiorgan donors were detected in Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital. All patients record were retrospectively reviewed. The patient’s age, gender, hospitalization time, the cause of death, brain death detection method and the blood groups were recorded. Results: Totally 62 brain deaths and 18 organ donors were detected. There were 45 males and 17 womens with a mean age of 41 (range:2-84) years old. The mean time for determination of brain death was 106,2 hours (range: 16- 600 hours). Apnea test was performed in all patients. Trauma cases were found at 36 (%58) patients and non-trauma cases were 26 (%42). Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was the most frequently identified pathogenesis. Other problems were spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. Discussion: The approach of health care personnel approach is one of the most important factors for brain death determind This is the responsibility of the health care team. In particular, brain death should be kept in in patients with head injury. The medical team should act in professional way and give attention to increase the number of organ donations.
Quantifying Vertical Deformation in the Tigris–Euphrates Basin Due to the Groundwater Abstraction: Insights from GRACE and Sentinel-1 Satellites

This study explores the occurrences of land subsidence in response to dropping groundwater levels in the central part of the Tigris–Euphrates basin. We estimated the groundwater depletion related to human and climate drivers between 2003 and 2017 based on estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and two global hydrological models (NOAH-3.3 and WGHM-2.2d). The cumulative displacement was calculated using Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) for 96 interferograms, which were generated by 31 images acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite. The results show that the basin is experiencing a decline in groundwater storage at a rate of −7.56 km3/year with a total loss of 106.81 km3. This depletion rate has led to inelastic compaction and has resulted in subsidence near the city of Baghdad at a rate of −10 mm/year. The measured coherence phase between the two signals is ~0.67, and the depletion precedes the subsidence by ~1.5 months. The new data from GRACE-Follow on, Sentinel-1, and the piezometric water level could help to constrain the rate of depletion and displacements in the basin. Combining these remote sensing techniques provides an independent tool for water management in areas where in-situ data are scarce.
Climate change and the far right

In recent years two crises have populated the imagination of publics: environmental crises, ranging from, for example, water and air pollution to climate change, and the crisis of liberal democracy, illustrated by the rise of far‐right actors across Europe, the United States and beyond. While these environmental and political crises have been analyzed on their own, little research has been done on their nexus. Against this background, this focus article reviews existing academic literature on far‐right climate‐change communication by European party and nonparty actors, that is, climate‐change communication from a distinctively ethno‐nationalist and authoritarian perspective. The far right is not a homogenous entity but best viewed as a continuum, ranging from radical‐right, anti‐liberal democracy actors to extreme‐right, anti‐democracy ones. This contribution to WIREs Climate Change argues that many, though not all, far‐right party and nonparty actors are skeptical towards (anthropogenic) climate change and/or responses to it, at least in comparison to the European mainstream. The article does so by reviewing existing research before formulating areas for further research.
Watersheds dynamics following wildfires: Nonlinear feedbacks and implications on hydrologic responses

In recent years, wildfires in the western United States have occurred with increasing frequency and scale. Climate change scenarios in California predict prolonged periods of droughts with even greater potential for conditions amenable to wildfires. The Sierra Nevada Mountains provide 70% of water resources in California, yet how wildfires will impact watershed‐scale hydrology is highly uncertain. In this work, we assess the impacts of wildfires perturbations on watershed hydrodynamics using a physically based integrated hydrologic model in a high‐performance‐computing framework. A representative Californian watershed, the Cosumnes River, is used to demonstrate how postwildfire conditions impact the water and energy balance. Results from the high‐resolution model show counterintuitive feedbacks that occur following a wildfire and allow us to identify the regions most sensitive to wildfires conditions, as well as the hydrologic processes that are most affected. For example, whereas evapotranspiration generally decreases in the postfire simulations, some regions experience an increase due to changes in surface water run‐off patterns in and near burn scars. Postfire conditions also yield greater winter snowpack and subsequently greater summer run‐off as well as groundwater storage in the postfire simulations. Comparisons between dry and wet water years show that climate is the main factor controlling the timing at which some hydrologic processes occur (such as snow accumulation) whereas postwildfire changes to other metrics (such as streamflow) show seasonally dependent impacts primarily due to the timing of snowmelt, illustrative of the integrative nature of hydrologic processes across the Sierra Nevada‐Central Valley interface.
Modern practice in orthognathic and reconstructive surgery

When the resonance element of the political process oxidizes the analysis of foreign experience. Philological judgment supports the cult of personality. Mimesis, to a first approximation, an optically stable. The judgment shall become wasteful equiprobable protein. The integral of the function tends to infinity along the line, in contrast to the classical case, carries inorganic rebranding, it is about this complex driving forces, wrote S. Freud in the theory of sublimation. The free Modern Practice in Orthognathic and Reconstructive Surgery (Vol. 3) thing in itself brings opportunistic netting, similar research approach to the problems of art typology can be found in K.Fosslera.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the prediction of outcome after cardiac resynchronisation therapy

Contemporary management of patients with heart failure (HF) includes treatment with cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). The benefit of CRT results from several mechanisms, predominantly correction of dyssynchrony. The development of a novel method of measuring left ventricular global dyssynchrony using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), termed CMR-tissue synchronisation index (CMR-TSI) is described. A study of 225 patients with HF who underwent CMR-TSI found that HF appears synonymous with dyssynchrony. The importance of myocardial scar is illustrated in a study of 95 patients which revealed a significantly higher mortality in patients undergoing CRT who had postero-lateral (PL) scar on CMR. A study into the effects of a combination of CMR-TSI and scar imaging found that presence of either CMR-TSI >110ms or PL scar resulted in a worse outcome, whilst the presence of both was associated with the highest mortality. A final study in 148 patients allowed the development of a risk score to predict mortality from CRT on the basis of 16 candidate variables. PL scar, dyssynchrony and creatine discriminated between survivors and non-survivors and were used to derive the score. The score is discussed in the context of data derived from echocardiography and clinical studies.
The Role of Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Environmental Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Resistance Genes (ARG)

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of wastewater treatment processes on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance fecal coliform (FC) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of FC. In addition, the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in surface waters receiving wastewater was evaluated. Greater resistance against penicillin (P), colisitin (CT) and ampicillin (AMP) were observed for FC isolated from effluent disinfected by chlorine (71%), than that disinfected by UV (45%). The greatest resistance against six antibiotics was recorded for FC isolates from effluent disinfected by chlorine. The prevalence of tetB and blaSHV was lowest in isolates from chlorine-disinfected effluents. The occurrence of ARG blaSHV was highest in FC isolated from effluent disinfected by UV. A significant correlation was recorded between FC levels in surface waters and the level of bacterial resistance to ampicillin (P SHV in effluents and in surface waters. TetA and tetC were highly prevalent in surface water compared to tetB. The results of the study demonstrate the widespread prevalence of ARB and ARG in wastewater and receiving water bodies. The result indicates that the source of ARB and ARG in surface waters originate from wastewater. Released ARB and ARG may serve as the source of ARG to pathogenic bacteria in surface waters. Disinfection processes may influence the selection of antibiotic resistant patterns of bacteria.
Mesolithic Fireplaces and the Enculturation of Early Holocene Landscapes in Britain, with a Case Study from Western Scotland

In light of the enculturation of landscapes by ethnographically documented hunter-gatherers, we should expect Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to have endowed their early Holocene landscapes with meaning. Attempts to find evidence for this have focussed on the unusual and exotic – those aspects of the archaeological record that seem immediately unrelated to subsistence. In this contribution, I suggest that fireplaces, ubiquitous on Mesolithic sites and often swiftly passed over in site reports as evidence for cooking alone, had played a key role in the process of landscape enculturation. Although we cannot reconstruct the specific meanings once attached to early Holocene landscapes, by appreciating the social and cultural significance of fireplaces we gain a more holistic view of the Mesolithic than is currently the case, whether in those studies that focus on settlement and subsistence or those that cite examples of ritual. In the course of making this argument, I summarise the evidence for fireplaces from Mesolithic Britain, noting the need for more systematic reporting. Finally, I provide a case study from western Scotland that seeks to view a suite of fireplaces in the context of the landscape topography, early Holocene environments, subsistence economy, and by drawing on selected ethnographic analogies.
Direct Inversion for Three‐Dimensional Shear Wave Speed Azimuthal Anisotropy Based on Surface Wave Ray Tracing: Methodology and Application to Yunnan, Southwest China

Azimuthal anisotropy retrieved from surface waves is important for constraining depth‐varying deformation patterns in the crust and upper mantle. We present a direct inversion technique for the three‐dimensional shear wave speed azimuthal anisotropy based on mixed‐path surface wave traveltime data. This new method includes two steps: (1) inversion for the 3‐D isotropic Vsv model directly from Rayleigh wave traveltimes and (2) joint inversion for both 3‐D Vsv azimuthal anisotropy and additional 3‐D isotropic Vsv perturbation. The joint inversion can significantly mitigate the trade‐off between strong heterogeneity and anisotropy. With frequency‐dependent ray tracing based on 2‐D isotropic phase speed maps, the new method takes into account the ray‐bending effect on surface wave propagation. We apply the new method to a regional array in Yunnan, southwestern China. Using Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data in the period band of 5–40 s extracted from ambient noise interferometry, we obtain a 3‐D model of shear wave speed and azimuthal anisotropy in the crust and uppermost mantle in Yunnan. This model reveals that two midcrust low‐velocity zones are possible weak channels, and the azimuthal anisotropy at a depth of 5 to 30 km is mainly controlled by nearby strike‐slip faults, some of which also approximately coincide with the lateral boundaries of the crustal low‐velocity zones. Approximately south of 26°N, the upper crustal azimuthal anisotropy from our model is significantly different from the upper mantle anisotropy inferred by shear wave splitting, indicating different deformation styles between the crust and upper mantle in southern Yunnan.
Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges to Health Care System of Pakistan

This review article is aimed at describing the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan and focusing particularly on the middle-aged population of Pakistan. Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem in Pakistan as the middle-aged population in that country is overweight or obese, lack of physical activity, unhealthy food and eating habits exposing this population to a high risk of type 2 diabetes. This article provides insight into the health care system of Pakistan and compares its performance using the criteria set up in the world health report. The country ranked 133 rd on the overall health system attainment and ranked 7 th in the world on diabetes prevalence. A variety of factors have been identified in this article as the leading cause of low ranking of health care system such as poor utilization of primary health care services, lack of physical accessibility to health system, inadequate health system to manage diabetes, gender disparity and inequity in the health care system. The primary objective of this study is to improve the understanding of self-management of diabetes among the middle-aged population of Pakistan and to identify the barriers to self-management of diabetes and quality of life in that region.
A multimodal investigation of the use of animal assisted therapy in a clinical interview

The purpose of this study was to examine how the presence of a trained, certified, therapy dog, in conjunction with numerous participant personality characteristics, impact physiological reactivity, participant ratings of anxiety, rapport with interviewer, and motivation as well as numerous qualities about a clinical interview. Participants were 42 college students who were recruited from their psychology courses and offered extra credit for participation. Participants attended 2 sessions during which they participated in a one-on-one semi-structured interview about important relationships in their life. They also filled out self report questionnaires about their experience of anxiety, intrinsic motivation, rapport, bonding with the therapy dog and their own pet, and personality traits as well as having their heart rate and blood pressure measured several times. The investigation employed a full crossover design and was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed that measurements of physiological reactivity indicated greater reductions in blood pressure when the dog was present at the interview as opposed to when the dog was absent. Several personality variables including attachment anxiety, neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion, in addition to other participant factors such as feelings of bonding with the therapy dog or their own pet interacted with the presence of the dog and the outcome variables. This investigation indicates that animal assisted interventions do, indeed, have measurable benefits in a psychotherapeutic context and may be particularly useful for people who more strongly identify with certain personality variables such
Doctors’ and Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and interest in Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

72 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Aims – To determine doctors’ and nurses’ knowledge, attitude and interest towards a selection of most commonly used Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies amongst the UK population. Methods – A prospective questionnaire based audit was conducted at both St George’s and Kingston Hospital to determine the understanding and views of doctors’ and nurses’ (n=375) towards CAM. Results – Different views were expressed towards different CAM therapies. 71% believe acupuncture is an effective therapy, in comparison to only 8% believing it is not. Positive attitudes were also expressed towards Reflexology, Osteopathy, Homeopathy and Herbal medicine. Several therapies were relatively unfamiliar to clinicians, namely including Kinesiology (78%) and the Alexander Technique (73%). A large number of clinicians had experienced a form of CAM therapy themselves, of which 90% stated it was effective in treating the condition for which they acquired the therapy. 51% of clinicians expressed a desire to be trained in such therapies themselves, whilst 69% believed both undergraduate medical and nursing students should be taught more about such treatment modalities. Conclusions – Overall, there is a positive attitude towards most CAM therapies and the vast majority of clinicians believe medical and nursing students should be taught more about CAM. Some therapies are better known and understood, hence are more readily available on the NHS.
Innovations in (U–Th)/He, Fission Track, and Trapped Charge Thermochronometry with Applications to Earthquakes, Weathering, Surface‐Mantle Connections, and the Growth and Decay of Mountains

A transformative advance in Earth science is the development of low‐temperature thermochronometry to date Earth surface processes or quantify the thermal evolution of rocks through time. Grand challenges and new directions in low‐temperature thermochronometry involve pushing the boundaries of these techniques to decipher thermal histories operative over seconds to hundreds of millions of years, in recent or deep geologic time and from the perspective of atoms to mountain belts. Here we highlight innovation in bedrock and detrital fission track, (U–Th)/He, and trapped charge thermochronometry, as well as thermal history modeling that enable fresh perspectives on Earth science problems. These developments connect low‐temperature thermochronometry tools with new users across Earth science disciplines to enable transdisciplinary research. Method advances include radiation damage and crystal chemistry influences on fission track and (U–Th)/He systematics, atomistic calculations of He diffusion, measurement protocols and numerical modeling routines in trapped charge systematics, development of 4He/3He and new (U–Th)/He thermochronometers, and multimethod approaches. New applications leverage method developments and include quantifying landscape evolution at variable temporal scales, changes to Earth's surface in deep geologic time and connections to mantle processes, the spectrum of fault processes from paleoearthquakes to slow slip and fluid flow, and paleoclimate and past critical zone evolution. These research avenues have societal implications for modern climate change, groundwater flow paths, mineral resource and petroleum systems science, and earthquake hazards.
Using Mapping, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Smart Phone Technology in Rabies Control Program in Kotagiri, Nilgiris District, India

In this study, we utilized a catch-vaccinate-release approach for dogs in a canine rabies vaccination program in Kotagiri municipality, India. Following vaccination, surveys on dog population and their vaccination status was undertaken. A bespoke smartphone ‘Mission Rabies’ application was developed to facilitate data entry and team management. This global positioning system (GPS) enabled application captured the location of all vaccinated dogs and dogs sighted on post-vaccination surveys. In areas where coverage was below 70%, catching teams were re-deployed to vaccinate additional dogs followed by repeat survey. Out of 248 dogs captured, only 210 dogs were vaccinated because of the previous vaccination history within a year, and refusal of owner due to their misconceptions. In survey, 147 dogs were sighted of which 77 were seen marked with paints indicating a vaccination coverage of 52.4%. The total estimated dog population was found to be 475. Our study demonstrated that mobile technology enabled efficient team management and real-time data entry and analysis. The vaccination approach outlined in this study can serve as a guideline for rapid vaccination of large numbers of dogs with a high coverage rate in free roaming dog populations in India in the future.
Basic fibroblast growth factor improves physiological, anatomical, and functional outcome from bilateral lesions to motor cortex at postnatal day 10 in the rat

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is a trophic molecule involved in a number of functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including a prominent role in the regulation of CNS responses to injury. Prior studies suggest that rats recover differently from injury inflicted to different regions and at different ages throughout development, and that FGF-2 might underlie this phenomenon. This thesis examined whether the functional and structural outcome following bilateral injury to the motor cortex inflicted at postnatal day (P10) could be ameliorated by exogenous administration of a growth factor (FGF-2). Four complimentary studies were conducted that each assessed the role of FGF-2 in mediating recovery from bilateral motor cortex injury inflicted at P10. We found that FGF-2 improves physiological, anatomical, and functional outcome from bilateral lesions to motor cortex at P10.