Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New algorithms for MODIS sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and a comparison with present data products

We discuss important sources of variability in sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and examine difficulties in deriving fluorescence data products from satellite imagery, with a focus on the MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Our results indicate that there are limitations in the present MODIS algorithms that could lead to biases in the interpretation of the fluorescence products across gradients of chlorophyll concentration. To avoid some of these limitations, we suggest replacing the calculation of absorbed radiation by phytoplankton (ARP) over a finite depth with integration over the entire water column, and including a term accounting for cellular reabsorption of fluoresced light. These suggestions are incorporated into two new algorithms, based on established bio‐optical models for case 1 waters (most open ocean waters), to retrieve chlorophyll concentration and the quantum yield of fluorescence. We compare our results to the results using MODIS algorithms for two regions: one located off the coast of Central America, including the Costa Rica Dome, and the other in the Arabian Sea. The new algorithms provide a similar field for the quantum yield of fluorescence in the first region, while they provide a different and more uniform field in the second region. We suggest that this discrepancy originates from the use of the water leaving radiance at 412 nm in the MODIS standard algorithm, which is not used in our algorithm and can be problematic under certain environmental conditions (e.g., absorbing aerosols or highly scattering waters).
Electrooxidation of Formic Acid Using Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Conducting Poly(Vinylferrocene) Polymer Support

Yakıt olarak metanolün toksisite ve düşük elektrokatalitik yükseltgenme hızı gibi bazı dezavantajları olduğu için yakıt pili uygulamalarında alternatif yakıtlar ilgi çekmektedir. Diğer taraftan, taşıma ve kullanım kolaylığının yanı sıra yüksek teorik açık devre potansiyeli gibi özellikleriyle dikkat çeken formik asit metanole alternatif olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Poli(vinilferrosen) destekli platin (Pt/PVF) doğrudan formik asit yakıt hücrelerinde kullanım için gelecek vadeden bir katalizördür. Bu çalışmada Pt/PVF katalizör sistemiyle formik asitin elektroyükseltgenmesi ile metanol ve formik asitin karşılaştırılması yer almaktadır. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntülerine göre, Pt tanecikleri polimer destek üzerinde düzgün dağılmıştır. Pt/PVF katalizörü formik asit yükseltgenmesi için yüksek katalitik aktivite göstermiştir. Aynı koşullarda metanolün elektroyükseltgenmesiyle karşılaştırıldığında, formik asit için daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Experimental assessment of nutrient enrichment and zooplankton predation effect on phytoplankton community

Enclosure experiments were conducted over 18 days in December 2011 to assess the effects of zooplankton predation and nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton community composition of Gereb Beati reservoir (Tigray). Enclosures consisted of polyethylene tanks filled with 60 L of filtered water. Experiments were carried out with removal and addition of nutrients crossclassified with the absence and presence of zooplankton, resulting in an experimental design of four treatment levels: (1) no nutrient addition, zooplankton absent, Z0N0 (Control); (2) zooplankton absent, nutrient addition 260 g animal manure per 60 L of sample, Z0N1; (3) no nutrient addition, zooplankton present, Z1N0; and (4) zooplankton present and nutrient added, Z1N1. Four replicates were present for each treatment and samples were collected starting from day 0 up to day 18 with three days interval, up to the end of the experiment. Phytoplankton biomass expressed by chlorophyll a concentration showed 84.7% of the variation and that was also positively associated with turbidity and pH; 7.9% of the variation observed in the second axis was positively associated with zooplankton (D. cf. similis and Moina micrura) and it was negatively associated with Microcystis (t= -4.207; p< 0.000). Seven zooplankton and 15 phytoplankton taxa were identified in the treatments. Nutrient addition (total phosphorus) was more important explanatory variable than zooplankton predation in determining phytoplankton abundance. D. cf. similis were able to suppress Microcystis in enclosures with low nutrient but not in nutrient rich enclosures.
Factors Affecting Productivity of Smallholder Potato Growers in Bore District, Guji Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Agricultural production of the Ethiopia is mostly dominated by smallholders. But due to various chronic constraints the productivity of smallholders are low. Seven kebeles were randomly selected. Based on proportion to the number of potato producers in the selected kebeles, 192 sample size was used. Questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion were employed to collect primary data while secondary data were collected from different sources including reports and internet. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The mean of productivity of potato was 109.95 qt/ha. The results of Ordinary Least Square showed that sex, improved variety, fertilizer, education level, experience, access to extension, harvesting time, soil conservation, nature of access to land, access to market and access to irrigation schemes affect productivity of smallholder potato growers. To improve the productivity of smallholder potato growers’ provision of improved seed, use of fertilizers and chemicals as recommendation should be used by the smallholders. In addition, the smallholders should conserve their soil and harvest potato as soon as it matured. Furthermore, legal rules that sustain agreement on share and contract land use, developing market access by agricultural cooperatives and mobilizing smallholders to form groups should be encouraged to bring reliable market access for smallholders’ product. Keywords : Potato, Bore, Smallholder, Productivity, Ordinary Least Square.
Evaluation of the i-STAT Alinity Point-of-Care Analyzer

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of CG4+ and CHEM8+ cartridges on the i-STAT Alinity analyzer prior to use in patient testing. We also evaluated the ease of use, design, and safety features to determine its suitability for use by the clinicians in our hospital. Methods The Abbott i-STAT System Performance Verification Protocol was observed for the imprecision study and was performed over the course of 2 days using 2 levels of control material (Abbott i-STAT TriControl Level 1 and Level 3). The CLSI-EP6-A guideline was used to verify the assay reportable range performance using 5 levels of linearity material (Abbott i-Stat TriControl Calibration Verification Set). The method comparison study was performed using up to 60 leftover anonymized heparinized whole-blood samples and serum samples against existing laboratory instruments (Siemens Rapidpoint 500, Abbott Architect C16000, and Sysmex XN9000). Results Precision was good (coefficient of variation <2%) for electrolytes, glucose, lactate, and pH, and satisfactory (coefficient of variation <5.2%) for blood gases, urea, creatinine, and hematocrit. Linearity concentrations spanning the analytical measuring ranges were demonstrated for all analytes. Method comparison studies revealed that agreement between the i-STAT Alinity analyzer and the central laboratory analyzers was good and clinically acceptable. Conclusions The i-STAT Alinity analyzer has good analytical performance, and we established the analyzer meets our safety and regulatory requirements and therefore suitable for use in our hospital as a point-of-care testing device.
DEATH AND BEREAVEMENT ON THE INTERNET IN SWEDEN AND NORWAY

Memorial websites on the Internet constitute a new form for express- ing grief and for remembering deceased relatives and friends. In my sample of memorial websites, I have studied those that are open to the public. Such memo- rial sites have had an explosive development during the 2000s. The messages become a virtual, social meeting place by giving mourners an opportunity to express themselves and avoid remaining alone with their grief. In this study the all-inclusive issue has been how mourners express their emotions and concepts of belief regarding the deceased person. The question focused upon is the belief in something posthumously supernatural. Memorial sites on the Internet are also set up for dead pets. The boundary between humans and animals as spiritual beings is discussed in the study. In Norway the vision is primarily directed backwards, relating to traditions, and in Sweden forwards, in the direction of changes. In Sweden there is a greater tendency to adopt innovations and to leave the long- standing. This study can, in addition, play a part in the contemporary discussion about greater outspokenness concerning death, compared to the prevalent silence and taboos of the 1900s.
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Board Structure on the Performance of Large Saudi Firms

In 2006 the Saudi Capital Market authority issued the Corporate Governance Code which proposed a variety of monitoring mechanisms that should improve corporate Governance. However, the impact of these mechanisms on firm performance is still ambiguous. This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the performance of Saudi listed companies. Specifically, the composition, size and leadership style of boards are tested. The analysis is extended to investigate the moderating effect of family ownership. The study uses a sample of 338 large Saudi listed companies. We find that both duality and independence of the board affect a firm's performance. However, we find that this is not the case in family controlled firms, which suggests that family ownership and corporate governance could be a monitoring substitute for each other.
Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM): A Framework for Declaring and Describing Translation Quality Metrics

En els ultims anys l'avaluacio de la qualitat de la traduccio s'ha convertit en un tema rellevant i a la vegada que, de vegades, polemic. La perspectiva de la industria sobre la qualitat esta altament fragmentada, en part perque diferents tipus de projectes de traduccio requereixen metodes molt diferents d'avaluacio. A mes, els metodes d'avaluacio de la qualitat de les traduccions humanes i de les traduccions elaborades amb traduccio automatica (TA) son d'indole diferent. La manca de claredat provoca incertesa sobre si una traduccio compleix amb les necessitats del seu promotor o l'usuari final, i deixa als proveidors amb dubtes sobre el que els clients volen i necessiten. Com a resposta a aquest fet, el projecte QTLaunchPad, financat per la Unio Europea, ha desenvolupat el marc denominat Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM), un sistema obert i ampliable per declarar i descriure les metriques sobre qualitat en traduccio utilitzant un vocabulari compartit de "classes de problemes”.
Production and Storage of Chinese Style Fish Sausage from Hybrid Clarias Catfish

Chinese style fish sausage was produced from hybrid clarias catfish. The variations studied were kinds of lipids, i.e., pork fat or palm oil; amount of palm oil between 5 and 10 % (w/w) of fish meat; amount of spices between 1.2 and 1.6 % white pepper or 1.2 % white pepper plus 1.5 % mixed 5 spices powder (cinnamon, cardamom, coriander, star anise, fennel); drying time at 50∞C for 28 or 48 hours. The sensory evaluation of the finished products showed that fish sausage prepared with 10 % palm oil, 1.6 % white pepper and a drying time of 28 hours received higher sensory evaluation scores than other treatments. Therefore, the products prepared under these conditions were used for shelf life study. The changes of quality of the Chinese style fish sausage whether packed and stored under the modified atmosphere of 60 % CO2 + 40 % N2, vacuum, or air, indicated that at 4-6∞C, the shelf life of the products stored under a modified atmosphere or vacuum was at least 91 days. The shelf life of the products packed under air was only 63 days. At ambient temperatures (30-35∞C), the shelf life of products stored under modified atmosphere or vacuum was 28 days, and under air it could be kept for only 8 days.
Electromyographıc Fındings In Overt Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Emel Oguz Akarsu1, Hurtan Acar2, Feriha Ozer3, Sefer Gunaydin2, Ozger Akarsu4, Tuba Aydemir Ozcan3, Serkan Ozben5, Aytul Mutlu2, Mithat Bedir6, Gulsun Cinarli Gul2, Ozlem Cokar2, Mehmet Burak Aktuglu7 1Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey 2Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey 3Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ordu, Turkey 4Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Nephrology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey 5Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Kars, Turkey 6Mardin State Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Mardin, Turkey 7Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Family Medicine Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey Original Article / Ozgun Arastirma DO I:10.4274/Tnd.13471
The Manufacture of Microencapsulated Thermal Energy Storage Compounds Suitable for Smart Textile

Smart textiles are able to sense electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic, or other stimuli from the environment and adapt or respond to them, using functionalities integrated into the textile structure. As an important consideration in active wear, clothing comfort is closely related to microclimate temperature and humidity between clothing and skin. Since the end of the 80’s, functional textiles have been developed to enhance textile performances according to the consumers’ demand and to include a large range of properties with a higher added value. One of the possible ways to manufacture functional or intelligent textile products is the incorporation of microcapsules or the use of microencapsulation processes for textile finishing. Thermal storage by latent heat was early recognised as an attractive alternative to sensible heat storage to improve the thermal performance of clothing during the modifications of environmental temperature conditions. Early efforts in the development of latent heat storage used organic phase change materials (PCMs) for this purpose. PCMs are entrapped in a microcapsule of a few micrometers in diameter to protect them and to prevent their leakage during its liquid phase. In the two past decades, microencapsulated Phase Change Materials have drawn an increasing interest to provide enhanced thermal functionalities in a wide variety of applications. When the encapsulated PCMs is heated above its phase change temperature, it absorbs heat as it goes from a solid state to a liquid state or during a solid to solid transition. It can be applied to clothes technology, building insulation, energy storage as well as to coolant liquids. On a more general basis, it can be used to design a broad variety of thermal transient regimes. Recent research has investigated the incorporation of organic PCMs directly into the fabric fibers (Zhang et al. (2006)) or coated on the substrate surface (Choi et al. (2004), Shin et al. (2005)), creating functional and effective textile elements which can significantly affect thermal insulation. Moreover, thermal comfort sensation is closely related to microclimate temperature and humidity. Thus, Fan & Cheng (2005) denoted that a lower moisture absorption rate is beneficial to thermal comfort. Therefore, the thermal functional performance of a thermoregulated fabric is not only influenced by the latent heat of PCMs but also by the design of the textile structure.
Listeriosis in Pregnancy: A Review.

Importance Listeriosis is a rare foodborne condition that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. Listeria monocytogenes can be vertically transmitted to the fetus, resulting in adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about listeriosis in pregnancy and review the current management and treatment recommendations. Objective To summarize the clinical and relevant evidence available regarding listeriosis in pregnancy and educate providers on common clinical symptoms, sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed review was conducted using search terms "pregnancy" OR "Listeria" OR "Maternal Listeriosis," and "Neonatal Listeriosis. " The search included review articles, original research articles, and guidelines on diagnosis and management of listeriosis in pregnancy. The search was limited to the English language and publications between 1988 and July 2018. Conclusions Listeriosis in pregnancy can result in severe adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes including miscarriage, preterm labor, fetal death, and neonatal meningitis and sepsis. Early treatment has been shown to improve fetal and neonatal outcomes; therefore, prevention with education and early diagnosis prompting treatment will improve overall outcomes. Relevance The incidence of listeriosis is expected to rise in the coming years due to changes in the US population, with increasing numbers of older Americans and Hispanic individuals, both of whom are at higher risk. Pregnant women contract listeriosis at a rate that is 16- to 18-fold greater than the general population. Given the expected increased rise in incidence and increased susceptibility of pregnant women, understanding the common clinical symptoms, maternal and fetal sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines is essential.
The Relevance of Educational Investment to Economic Growth in Kenya

It is commonly assumed that education has an important positive effect on economic growth, but to date the evidence for this assumption has been surprisingly weak. This study explores the relationship between the role of investment in education and economic growth. The study is guided by two specific objectives; to determine the significance of physical capital formation on economic growth and to establish the contribution of labour input to economic growth. It uses time series techniques to investigate the relationship between government education expenditure per worker and economic growth in Kenya during the period 1963 to 2014.The data were collected from Kenya Government Ministries, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and from the World Bank. The study has used the multiplicative Cobb-Douglas production function, in which human capital is treated as an independent factor of production, as in the human capital augmented growth model. Unit root and Granger-causality tests are carried out to make allowance for dynamic relationships, non-stationarity, and spurious regression problems. Empirical results show that education expenditure per worker has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, both in the long run and in the short run. Cointegration estimates show that an increase of 1 percent in education per worker raises output by 0.5 percent in the long run. Also, in the long-run, a 1percent increase in fixed capital formation raises output by 0.15 percent, and a 1 percent increase in the use of labour leads to a 0.21 percent decrease in output in the long run. Correlation tests also show that there is a positive relationship between investment in education and economic growth. These results suggest that it is worth investing in education because it contributes to economic growth. The Government of Kenya and the private sector of Kenya need to consider increasing their investment in education. Keywords : Educational Investment and Economic Growth
Roads may act as barriers to flying insects: species composition of bees and wasps differs on two sides of a large highway

Roads may act as barriers to animal movements, but direct barrier effects on insects have rarely been studied. In this study we collected data on bees and wasps along two sides of a large road in Sweden using yellow pan traps. We then analyzed if the species composition differed between the two sides of the road; first for the whole community, and then only for the smallest species (which typically are poorer dispersers). As a complement, we analyzed if different vegetation variables differed between the two sides of the road, as this may also affect differences in species composition. Finally, we analyzed if species richness and abundance in general differed between the two sides and how these two response variables were explained by the vegetation variables. There was a significant difference in species composition between the eastern and the western side of the road when analyzing the whole community, and this relationship became even stronger when the largest species were excluded. The vegetation variables did not strongly differ between the two sides, and there was no difference in species richness and abundance of bees and wasps either. Abundance was, however, explained by the number of flowering plants in the surroundings of the trap. Even though using a rather limited data set, our results indicate that large roads may act as barriers on the movement of bees and wasps, especially for small species with poor dispersal ability. On the other hand, road verges may be important habitat for many species, which leads to a potential conflict that is important to consider in the planning of green infrastructure. Nature Conservation 18: 41–59 (2017) doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.18. 12314 http://natureconservation.pensoft. net Copyright P. Andersson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journal
The impact of trust on the mode of transaction governance between manufacturer and distributor

The goal of the project is to explore main determinants of transaction governance mode between manufacturer and distributor firms. The model proposed in this paper integrates the concept of trust with main transaction cost economics’ dimensions and is formulated in the form of multinomial logit function. The model will be estimated with data from a sample of Georgian manufacturing industry. The main hypothesis of the study is that trust will modify the influence of traditional transaction cost economics dimensions on the choice of exchange governance mode.