Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring metaphors of capitals and the framing of multiple capitals: Challenges and opportunities for

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of the metaphor of capital, and to chart the development of the multiple capitals concept in the International Framework and consider how it might develop and be used. In doing so, the paper discusses the implications of the contributions to this special issue in the further development of the capitals concept. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on documents of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) and review the literature on capitals to consider the formation of the metaphor of multiple capitals. This is reflected upon while recognising the varied involvement of the authors with the IIRC capitals conception. The challenges of conceiving a multiple capitals framework are critiqued with reference to empirical and theoretical contributions drawn from recognition of planetary boundaries, gendered capitals, power and intersection of capitals and important practical and conceptual insights raised by papers in th.
Exploring Theories of Victimization Using a Mathematical Model of Burglary

Research concerned with burglary indicates that it is clustered not only at places but also in time. Some homes are victimized repeatedly, and the risk to neighbors of victimized homes is temporarily elevated. The latter type of burglary is referred to as a near repeat. Two theories have been proposed to explain observed patterns. The boost hypothesis states that risk is elevated following an event reflecting offender foraging activity. The flag hypothesis, on the other hand, suggests that time-stable variation in risk provides an explanation where data for populations with different risks are analyzed in the aggregate. To examine this, the authors specify a series of discrete mathematical models of urban residential burglary and examine their outcomes using stochastic agent-based simulations. Results suggest that variation in risk alone cannot explain patterns of exact and near repeats, but that models which also include a boost component show good qualitative agreement with published findings.
Antecedents to Students' Importance Rankings of the Course Experience Questionnaire Elements

This study empirically examined the interrelationship between the cultural orientation of higher education business students, their learning styles, and their perception of teaching quality. A total of 364 higher education business students (54 international students), from Victoria University were sampled. Though many students saw most elements as 'extremely/very important', there was also variation between students. This variation was explained by Australian citizenship status, gender, language of instruction at the secondary level, whether the student held traditional masculine values and most importantly the degree to which they had a reflective learning style. The Reflector learning dimension was also the only learning style to directly link into the Good Teaching elements.
Optimization of consultants' added value to information-intensive companies by improving transfer of consultants' individual to firm-specific knowledge

Literature suggests that knowledge is key to create and maintain sustainable competitive advantage for information-intensive companies. It also suggests that external consultants add value to companies by ‘shuffling knowledge around’. This study aims to explore the role and importance of key factors that affect the identified added value of individual external consultants to the selected informationintensive companies. It will be an explorative qualitative case study that will serve as a pilot study for extensive follow-up research.
Cay Revisited: Can Optimal Scaling Resurrect the (C)Capm?

In this paper, we evaluate specification and pricing error for the Consumption (C-) CAPM in the case where the model is optimally scaled by consumption-wealth ratio (CAY). Lettau and Ludvigson (2001b) show that the C-CAPM successfully explains a large portion (about 70%) of the cross-section of expected returns on Fama and French's size and book-to-market portfolios, when the model is scaled linearly by CAY. In contrast, we use the methodology developed in Basu and Stremme (2005) to construct the optimal factor scaling as a (possibly non-linear) function of the conditioning variable (CAY), designed to minimize the model's pricing error. We use a new measure of specification error, also developed in Basu and Stremme (2005), which allows us to analyze the performance of the model both in and out-of-sample. We find that the optimal factor loadings are indeed non-linear in the instrument, in contrast to the linear specification prevalent in the literature. While our optimally scaled C-CAPM explains about 80% of the cross-section of expected returns on the size and book-to-market portfolios (thus in fact out-performing the linearly scaled model of Lettau and Ludvigson (2001b)), it fails to explain the returns on portfolios sorted by industry. Moreover, although the optimal use of CAY does dramatically improve the performance of the model, even the scaled model fails our specification test (for either set of base assets), implying that the model still has large pricing errors. Out-of-sample, the performance of the model deteriorates further, failing even to explain any significant portion of the cross-section of expected returns. For comparison, we also test a scaled version of the classic CAPM and find that it has in fact smaller pricing errors than the scaled C-CAPM.
Ritual vs. retaliatory killing of African lions in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), Tanzania, is a multiple land-use area where Maasai pastoralists co-exist with large migratory herbivores and associated carnivores. Maasai retal- iate against lions, leopards and hyenas that prey upon their livestock. Cattle depredation is mostly by lions and most common in grazing herds tended solely by children (rather than by warriors) and in large herds tended by few herders. Depredation on sheep and goats (shoats) is mostly by leopards and is more difficult to prevent. Across all carnivore species, nocturnal depredation is somewhat more common in smaller households. Over most of the NCA, lion killing is proportional to the amount of cattle depredation by resident lions, but nomadic lions from the Serengeti National Park appear to be killed more exclusively for cultural purposes (Ala-mayo) in the open plains. While the impact of ritual hunting on the Serengeti lion population as a whole appears to be trivial, retaliatory killing on resident lions in the NCA may intensify as the human population continues to increase.
Advection-diffusion models of spiny lobster Palinurus gilchristi migrations for use in spatial fisheries management

Advection-diffusion models were constructed to simulate migration patterns of juve- nile and adult spiny lobsters off southern South Africa. Models based on tag-recapture informa- tion collected between 1978 and 2005 (2665 tag recaptures) were used to quantify directional movements and to estimate distances moved along a bathymetric gradient. Sex, length at tagging, tagging area and time at large were the main explanatory variables considered. Empirical tests showed that tagging did not delay the onset of advective movements. Lobsters were advected from west to east, and no return migrations were observed. Advection was strongly size depend- ent, with juvenile and small mature individuals moving further than larger adults. Advection was also area dependent, decreasing from west to east, and lobsters at the easternmost site were not advected and did not receive immigrants from elsewhere. Juvenile lobsters tagged at a recruit- ment hotspot at the westernmost site migrated 100 to 250 km onto the Agulhas Bank (90% prob- ability after 5 yr at large), or continued along the coast to more distant sites (400 to 900 km; 10% after 5 yr). This effect was stronger in males, but we could not detect a trade-off in growth rate. Two theories are advanced to explain these migration strategies: evolutionary effects of past range expansions and density dependence. A novel approach for quantifying migrations in spiny lob- sters is demonstrated, for potential use in spatial fisheries management.
Detection and correction of linguistic errors: results according to linguistic preferences and uses

This paper examines the ability of 256 university students to detect and correct errors related to different linguistic aspects of Catalan, by means of a test including correct and incorrect sentences. The sentences included aspects of Catalan prescriptive grammar, errors caused by interference from Spanish, and discursive aspects (adequacy, coherence and cohesion). In addition to that, the ability of the students has also been linked to data from their language use and linguistic experience in the following areas: language spoken in the family, language spoken with friends, and formal and informal languages of preference. The results show that students whose preferred language is Spanish or either Spanish or Catalan are less competent than those using Catalan on a regular basis. Taking into account the type of error, students who use preferably Spanish or both languages show significantly worse results in the error detection task (in sentences containing grammar and interference errors) than those who prefer Catalan. In contrast, no significant differences are shown regarding discourse errors when the students' linguistic use is considered.
ATI 2013 CFD-3 D analysis of a light duty Dual Fuel ( Diesel / Natural Gas ) combustion engine

Nowadays, the most critical issues concerning internal combustion engines are the reduction of the pollutant emissions, in particular of CO2, and the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable sources. An interesting proposition for Diesel engines is the Dual Fuel (DF) combustion, consisting in the ignition of a premixed charge of gaseous fuel (typically natural gas) by means of a pilot injection of Diesel Fuel. Dual fuel combustion is a quite complex process to model, since it includes the injection of liquid fuel, superimposed with a premixed combustion. However, CFD simulation is fundamental to address a number of practical issues, such as the setting of the liquid injection parameters and of the gaseous fuel metering, as well as to get the maximum benefit from the DF technique. In this paper, a customized version of the KIVA-3V Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code was adopted to analyze the combustion process of a 4-cylinder, 2.8 l, turbocharged HSDI Diesel engine, operating in both Diesel and DF (Diesel and Natural Gas) modes. Starting from a previously validated diesel combustion model, a natural gas combustion model was implemented and added to simulate the DF operations. Available engine test data were used for validation of the diesel-only operation regimes. Using the calibrated model, the influence of the premixed charge composition was investigated, along with the effect of the diesel injection advance angle, at a few characteristic operating conditions. An optimum setting was eventually found, allowing the DF engine to deliver the same brake power of the original Diesel unit, yielding the same maximum in-cylinder pressure. It was found that DF combustion is soot-less, yields a strong reduction of CO and CO2, but also an increase of NO. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of ATI NAZIONALE.
Affective Management and Its Effects on Management Performance

Affective management is a new concept which suggests that top managers should take stakeholders’ affective experiences into account when making their management decisions. To show that this concept could contribute to the improvement of management performance in organizations, this study investigated the correlations between the affectiveness of top management and management performance indices. Our questionnaire based on the Affective Management Scorecard was employed to assess top managers’ recognition of the importance, as well as the actual practices of affective management. Top managers from 43 Thai organizations participated in the study. A correlation analysis was conducted to observe whether affective management indices would correlate with management performance indices, such as return on equity, return on assets, price to earnings ratio, and price to book value ratio. The findings showed that the results for organizations practicing affective management were positively correlated with their management performance in both profitability and good perceptions by investors.
Class Size and Student Achievement : Lessons from California and Tennessee

Over the past several years, states have come under increased pressure to improve the academic achievement of all students in their schools. As states have looked for ways to accomplish this task, more and more have turned to class size reduction, particularly in the early elementary grades. In this paper, we summarize evidence from two well-known, state-sponsored class size reduction initiatives. Results from Tennessee’s Student/Teacher Achievement Ratio project provide the most convincing evidence we have to date about the relationship between class size and student achievement. It is on the results of this one initiative that much of the current support for smaller classes is based. More recent evidence from California’s Class Size Reduction project, however, has been less conclusive. The approaches to class size reduction taken by these two states, coupled with other evidence, provide the following lessons for other states that might be considering such programs.
The Viability of Alternative Indexation When Including All Costs

We ascertain the performance and viability of alternative indexation after including all relevant costs. Onerous costs, associated with forgoing the automatic rebalancing of traditional price-weighted indexes, may occur as a consequence of the frequent trading required to replicate alternatives accurately. The largest cost associated with replication is the cost of adversely moving the stock price as a result of trading the stock, known as price impact cost. It is unknown to what extent alternative index funds suffer degraded performance as a consequence of such costs. We compare the performance of a number of well-known alternative indexes before and after costs with the traditional market-capitalization benchmark index under various alternative rebalancing frequencies, considering differing assets under management, and using various competing price impact cost models in order to measure the extent of the performance erosion that occurs due to costs associated with rebalancing. We find that if we exclude all costs, the alternative indexes generate higher returns compared to the traditional benchmark, mainly as a consequence of higher risk exposures. However, as fund size and consequently the costs of rebalancing increase, the outperformance is reduced to a statistically insignificant level. In effect, we find that as assets under management and consequently rebalancing costs increase, those greater costs almost completely erode the higher returns due to the innate risk exposures of alternative indexes. This finding is robust to the choice of price impact model. We also consider alternative index viability in terms of execution and holdings and find that many alternative indexes are not viable from this perspective either. The salient lesson is that we should not ignore the implementation of alternative indexes when considering their performance. We conclude that the traditional market-capitalization-weighted index will remain popular due to its reliance on elegant theory, simplicity, ease of implementation, vast investment capacity, and inherent low costs.
Open string axions and the flavor problem

We consider extensions of the standard model inspired by intersecting D-brane constructions, in order to address flavor mass textures. We include additional anomalous gauge symmetries, and scalar fields to break them and to generate Froggatt-Nielsen mass terms. Green-Schwarz axions are included to cancel mixed anomalies rendering the models consistent. At low energies, a residual anomalous global symmetry remains, and its associated pseudo-Goldstone mode becomes the physical axion, which can be interpreted as an axion arising from open string modes. General considerations show that such axions are very common in D-brane models and can be completely incompatible with current bounds. Astrophysical constraints are placed on the axion both by including neutrino masses in the Froggatt-Nielsen scheme and considering QCD instanton contributions to the axion mass. We find simple models where the axion decay constant is in the allowed range, but only one such minimal model with this property is free from excessive fine tunings elsewhere. We also note that generically addressing flavor textures for the CKM matrix leads to deconstructed extra dimensions.
Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture of Concrete Gravity Dams by Stress-Seepage-Damage Coupling Model

High-pressure hydraulic fracture (HF) is an important part of the safety assessment of high concrete dams. A stress-seepage-damage coupling model based on the finite element method is presented and first applied in HF in concrete dams. The coupling model has the following characteristics: (1) the strain softening behavior of fracture process zone in concrete is considered; (2) the mesh-dependent hardening technique is adopted so that the fracture energy dissipation is not affected by the finite element mesh size; (3) four coupling processes during hydraulic fracture are considered. By the damage model, the crack propagation processes of a 1 : 40 scaled model dam and Koyna dam are simulated. The results are in agreement with experimental and other numerical results, indicating that the damage model can effectively predict the carrying capacity and the crack trajectory of concrete gravity dams. Subsequently, the crack propagation processes of Koyna dam using three notches of different initial lengths are simulated by the damage model and the coupling model. And the influence of HF on the crack propagation path and carrying capacity is studied. The results reveal that HF has a significant influence on the global response of the dam.
The Use of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in Assays with Storage Grain Beetles

Chemical insecticides have been widely employed for the control of storage grain pests. This has caused such problems as insecticide resistance along with contamination of foodstuffs with chemical residues. Thus, there is a growing interest in using pathogenic control agents as alternative. In this study, the potential of Beauveria bassiana (Bb Weevil™, a commercial product containing 2 ×10 9 conidia g -1 ) was evaluated against adults of Tribolium castaneum , Sitophilus granarius and Oryzaephilus surinamensis . The experiments were carried out at the rates of 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 mg kg -1 and exposure intervals of 5, 10 and 15 days, in 24±2°C and 50±5% r.h. Fifteen 1 kg lots of grain (one lot for each exposure time-rate) were prepared and treated with the appropriate predetermined doses. Four 50 g samples of each were taken as replications and placed in glass vials. Thirty 1-7 day old adults were introduced into each glass vial. Following mortality count in each exposure time, the adults (dead and alive) were removed and the vials left in the same conditions for a further 45 days to have the progeny production assessed. Means were separated by employing Tukeys Test (P= 0.05). All main effects (dose, exposure time and insect species) as well as associated interactions were significant (P< 0.01), with the exception of exposure time×insect, which was not significant. In all the experiments, mortality increased with increase in dose rates and exposure time with the highest mortality being observed after 15 days of exposure to 1,000 mg kg -1 concentration . These amounts were recorded 88.33 ±3.96, 78.31 ±2.15 and 64.99 ±4.4% for S. granarius , O. surinamensis and T. castaneum , respectively. S. granarius was more susceptible than the others, because the highest mortalities in each of the three exposure times and for all dose rates were observed in this species. The lowest LC 50 value within the exposure times was determined 452.855 mg kg -1 after 15 days for S. granarius . Results achieved from progeny indicate significant differences only between rates and insect species. For all species, the highest progeny production was observed in rate 0 mg kg -1 . The results obtained in this research recommend that Bb Weevil™ could be used to control different grain storage pests but to find longer exposure intervals and higher rates are subject to further future research.
PATHOGENICITY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FROM LEBANESE SOILS AGAINST APHIDS, WHITEFLY AND NON-TARGET BENEFICIAL INSECTS

Three newly isolated and two existing isolates of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were tested against aphids, whiteflies and beneficials, individually and with chitin synthesis inhibitor. Hundred percent of aphids have died of fungal treatments 7 days post inoculation, but number of individuals that developed mycosis varied depending on the isolate used. Whiteflies, however, were slightly more resistant. All tested isolates appeared to be fast killing fungi requiring only one or two days for reducing aphid population by half and needing 4 to 6 days for 50% of whiteflies to succumb to the disease. Both, aphid and whitefly, mortalities increased with increasing dose. The estimated LC50 values against M. persicae were 10 3.88 and 10 4.75 conidia ml -1 , respectively. These results were comparable with values obtained for the same isolates tested against whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Hundred precent of parasitized aphids by whitefly parasitoid demonstrated the emergence hole in the controls and in the individuals treated with new M. anisopliae isolate and 87% of emergence holes in the individuals treated with new B. bassiana. Exposure of mealybug predator to new isolates resulted in high mortalities. Native B. bassiana isolate in combination with diflubenzuron significantly reduced population of 1 st instar larvae of whiteflies under greenhouse conditions 14 days post treatment.