Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anxious and Hostile: Consequences of Anxious Adult Attachment in Predicting Male-Perpetrated Sexual Assault

Attachment theory has increasingly been utilized to understand the etiology of sexual violence, and anxious attachment appears to be especially informative in this domain. We investigate the influence of general anxious attachment and specific anxious attachment on hostile masculine attitudes to predict male-perpetrated sexual assault. We hypothesize that hostile masculinity will mediate the relationship between general anxious attachment style and sexual assault perpetration (Hypothesis 1) and the relationship between specific anxious attachment to the assaulted woman and sexual assault perpetration (Hypothesis 2). Men (N = 193) completed the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) to determine sexual assault history and completed measures of general attachment style, specific attachment to the woman involved in the sexual activity, and measures of hostile masculine attitudes. Results support the hypothesized mediation models, such that general anxious attachment and specific anxious attachment are significantly associated with hostile masculinity, which in turn, predicts the likelihood of male-perpetrated sexual assault. The findings suggest that the unique characteristics of anxious attachment may escalate into hostile masculinity, which then increases the likelihood of sexual assault perpetration. This research is the first to investigate attachment bonds to the woman involved in the sexual activity and likelihood of sexual assault perpetration against the same woman.
p53 Genotypes and Haplotypes Associated With Lung Cancer Susceptibility and Ethnicity.

BACKGROUND The p53 tumor suppressor protein is important in cell-cycle control, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Mutations in p53 have been associated with inherited cancer susceptibility. Because there is a difference in the risk of lung cancer among different ethnic groups, we examined associations between ethnicity and three polymorphisms in p53 (one exonic and two intronic) and haplotypes for the three loci and risk of lung cancer. We also examined the functionality of the p53 variants in apoptosis and DNA repair. METHODS In a case-control study, we frequency matched (by age, sex, and ethnicity) 635 lung cancer case patients and 635 control subjects. p53 genotypes and haplotypes at the three polymorphic sites were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of lymphocyte DNA. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between genotype or haplotype and lung cancer risk were determined by logistic regression analysis. Apoptosis and DNA repair capacity were measured in 22 lymphoblastoid cell lines to determine the functional effects of the polymorphisms. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Genotype and haplotype frequency distributions were strongly dependent on ethnicity; variant allele frequencies were highest in African-Americans (29.1%) and lowest in Mexican-Americans (12.2%). Each of the three polymorphisms was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer among all ethnic groups. Moreover, for all three polymorphisms, increased variant allele copy number was associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Similarly, the variant haplotypes were also associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. Lymphoblastoid cell lines with all wild-type alleles at the three loci had statistically significantly higher apoptotic indices (13.66%, 95% CI = 8.61% to 18.71%) and DNA repair capacity (27.63%, 95% CI = 21.72% to 33.53%) than cell lines with at least one variant allele at all three loci (3.50%, 95% CI = 1.08% to 5.91%; and 17.48%, 95% CI = 7.99% to 26.96%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS p53 polymorphisms may be associated with increased lung cancer risk and may affect p53 function.
Improved Muscle Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy through L-Arginine and Metformin: An Investigator-Initiated, Open-Label, Single-Center, Proof-Of-Concept-Study

Altered neuronal nitric oxide synthase function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to impaired mitochondrial function which is thought to be one cause of muscle damage in this disease. The study tested if increased intramuscular nitric oxide concentration can improve mitochondrial energy metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a novel therapeutic approach through the combination of L-arginine with metformin. Five ambulatory, genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients aged between 7–10 years were treated with L-arginine (3 x 2.5 g/d) and metformin (2 x 250 mg/d) for 16 weeks. Treatment effects were assessed using mitochondrial protein expression analysis in muscular biopsies, indirect calorimetry, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, quantitative thigh muscle MRI, and clinical scores of muscle performance. There were no serious side effects and no patient dropped out. Muscle biopsy results showed pre-treatment a significantly reduced mitochondrial protein expression and increased oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients compared to controls. Post-treatment a significant elevation of proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain was observed as well as a reduction in oxidative stress. Treatment also decreased resting energy expenditure rates and energy substrate use shifted from carbohydrates to fatty acids. These changes were associated with improved clinical scores. In conclusion pharmacological stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway leads to improved mitochondria function and clinically a slowing of disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study shall lead to further development of this novel therapeutic approach into a real alternative for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02516085
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology A Method for Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Genetic Association Studies Using Logistic Regression

We propose here a simple and robust approach for meta-analysis of molecular association studies. Making use of the binary structure of the data, and by treating the genotypes as independent variables in a logistic regression, we apply a simple and commonly used methodology that performs satisfactorily, being at the same time very flexible. We present simple tests for detecting heterogeneity and we describe a random effects extension of the method in order to allow for between studies heterogeneity. We derive also simple tests for assessing the most plausible genetic model of inheritance, and its between-studies heterogeneity as well as adjusting for covariates. The methodology introduced here is easily extended in cases with polytomous or continuous outcomes as well as in cases with more than two alleles. We apply the methodology in several published meta-analyses of genetic association studies with very encouraging results. The main advantages of the proposed methodology is its flexibility and the ease of use, while at the same time covers almost every aspect of a meta-analysis providing overall estimates without the need of multiple comparisons. We anticipate that this simple method would be used in the future in meta-analyses of genetic association studies. A STATA command performing all the available computations is available at http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/~pbagos/ metagen/.
THE SPECIFICITY OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS

Guinea pigs sensitized with either hen, duck, or goose egg albumin showed delayed hypersensitivity followed by Arthus reactions to the homologous antigen, but tended to have much weaker delayed responses and slower antibody formation to heterologous antigens. Guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to one of the avian antigens had a slower antibody response to a secondary injection of heterologous antigen than to one of the homologous antigen. Sensitization with a protein conjugated with a hapten such as picryl chloride (Pi) or dinitrofluorobenzene (DFB) resulted in delayed hypersensitivity to the homologous conjugate, the homologous protein, and the homologous protein with a heterologous hapten. Circulating antibody and Arthus reactions occurred subsequently to the homologous conjugate, as well as to the homologous hapten attached to a heterologous protein. Delayed hypersensitivity thus seemed associated with the protein moiety, and Arthus responses with the hapten. Anamnestic responses followed injection of an antigen causing delayed hypersensitivity, but not of a hapten not causing delayed reactions. Thus, animals sensitized initially with Pi·HEA, DFB·HEA, or HEA produced antibodies sooner after a secondary injection of Pi·HEA than did unsensitized animals. No anamnestic response resulted when animals sensitized to Pi·BGG were injected with Pi·HEA. Thus, delayed hypersensitivity is indicated to be a preliminary and immature step in the immune process, with specificity directed against broad, more general features of the protein antigen. This intermediate step is followed by production of circulating antibody to any antigen having a similar basic structure, with the specificity of the antibody also directed against smaller immunologically active sites on the antigen molecule.
About Turn

Body orientation provides an important cue to other individuals' focus of attention, particularly when one is viewing them at a distance. Single-cell recording in macaques has identified cells in the superior temporal sulcus that show a view-selective response to particular body orientations. Whether similar separable coding is found in humans is not known, and there is currently no functional account of the visual representation of seen body orientation. This study addressed this issue using visual adaptation. Experiment 1 demonstrated distinct channels that code left- and right-oriented bodies. Experiment 2 investigated whether the visual representation of body orientation is best accounted for by an opponent-coding system, which has been shown to account for the visual representation of facial identity, or by a multichannel system, which provides the optimal account of coding line orientation and direction of motion. Our results provide evidence for multichannel coding of seen body orientation, with separate channels (or neuronal populations) selectively tuned to different body directions.
Expanded Roles for Pharmacy Technicians in the Medication Reconciliation Process: A Qualitative Review

Background Collection of a complete and accurate medication history is an essential component of the medication reconciliation process. The role of pharmacy technicians in supporting medication reconciliation has been the subject of recent interest. Purpose The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature on pharmacy technician involvement in the medication reconciliation process and to summarize outcomes on the quality and accuracy of pharmacy technician–collected medication histories. Method A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and Academic Search Premier (1948 – April 2015). Results Sixteen papers were identified, with 12 containing a formal evaluation of outcomes. Three were purely descriptive, and 9 compared the pharmacy technician's performance to pharmacists, nurses, physicians, and/or interdisciplinary teams. Studies used a variety of endpoints, but they demonstrated similar or improved outcomes by engaging pharmacy technicians. Evidence demonstrates that trained pharmacy technicians are able to gather medication histories with similar completeness and accuracy to other health care professionals. Conclusion The use of pharmacy technicians may be a viable strategy for developing and expanding medication reconciliation processes with appropriate supervision. Future efforts should focus on evaluating the impact of expanded roles for pharmacy technicians in the health care system; assessing the need for standardization of pharmacy technician education, training, and certification; and obtaining clarification from state pharmacy boards regarding these expanded roles.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic neoadjuvant study of hedgehog pathway inhibitor Sonidegib (LDE-225) in men with high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing prostatectomy

Purpose To determine the pharmacodynamic effects of Sonidegib (LDE-225) in prostate tumor tissue from men with high-risk localized prostate cancer, by comparing pre-surgical core-biopsy specimens to tumor tissue harvested post-treatment at prostatectomy. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized (Sonidegib vs. observation) open-label translational clinical trial in men with high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients in each arm who achieved at least a two-fold reduction in GLI1 mRNA expression in post-treatment versus pre-treatment tumor tissue. Secondary endpoints included the effect of pre-surgical treatment with Sonidegib on disease progression following radical prostatectomy, and safety. Results Fourteen men were equally randomized (7 per arm) to either neoadjuvant Sonidegib or observation for 4 weeks prior to prostatectomy. Six of seven men (86%) in the Sonidegib arm (and none in the control group) achieved a GLI1 suppression of at least two-fold. In the Sonidegib arm, drug was detectable in plasma and in prostatic tissue; and median intra-patient GLI1 expression decreased by 63-fold, indicating potent suppression of Hedgehog signaling. Sonidegib was well tolerated, without any Grade 3-4 adverse events observed. Disease-free survival was comparable among the two arms (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.26–8.69, P = 0.65). Conclusions Hedgehog pathway activity (as measured by GLI1 expression) was detectable at baseline in men with localized high-risk prostate cancer. Sonidegib penetrated into prostatic tissue and induced a >60-fold suppression of the Hedgehog pathway. The oncological benefit of Hedgehog pathway inhibition in prostate cancer remains unclear.
The modified APACHE II score outperforms Curb65 pneumonia severity score as a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE To compare the predictive accuracy for 30-day mortality of the CURB65 score adopted by the British Thoracic Society and the simpler CRB65 score to APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia. DESIGN A retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study. SETTING Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1,200-bed urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS Adult patients requiring hospitalization identified to have MRSA pneumonia. INTERVENTIONS Retrospective data collection from automated hospital, microbiology, and pharmacy databases. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Two hundred eighteen patients with MRSA pneumonia were identified over a 3-year period. Forty-four patients (20.2%) died during hospitalization. All three prediction rules had high negative predictive values but relatively low positive predictive values at most cut-off points examined. APACHE II had the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.805; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.743 to 0.866) compared to CURB65 (0.634; 95% CI, 0.541 to 0.727) and CRB65 (0.643; 95% CI, 0.546 to 0.739) [p < 0.05 for both comparisons]. Similar results were obtained when the subgroups of community-acquired MRSA pneumonia and health-care-associated MRSA pneumonia were examined separately. CONCLUSIONS APACHE II outperformed CURB65 and CRB65 for initial prognostic assessment in MRSA pneumonia.
Assessing the Search for Information on Three Rs Methods, and their Subsequent Implementation: A National Survey among Scientists in the Netherlands

A local survey conducted among scientists into the current practice of searching for information on Three Rs (i.e. Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) methods has highlighted the gap between the statutory requirement to apply Three Rs methods and the lack of criteria to search for them. To verify these findings on a national level, we conducted a survey among scientists throughout The Netherlands. Due to the low response rate, the results give an impression of opinions, rather than being representative of The Netherlands as a whole. The findings of both surveys complement each other, and indicate that there is room for improvement. Scientists perceive searching the literature for information on Three Rs methods to be a difficult task, and specific Three Rs search skills and knowledge of Three Rs databases are limited. Rather than using a literature search, many researchers obtain information on these methods through personal communication, which means that published information on possible Three Rs methods often remains unfound and unused. A solution might be to move beyond the direct search for information on Three Rs methods and choose another approach. One approach that seems rather appropriate is that of systematic review. This provides insight into the necessity for any new animal studies, as well as optimal implementation of available data and the prevention of unnecessary animal use in the future.
High expression of CD8 predicts favorable prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract Lung carcinoma is the most common cause of malignant death worldwide. CD8+ T cells, as critical elements in antitumor immunity, could function as good prognostic indicators in various kinds of cancers such as renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer, but its prognostic role in lung adenocarcinoma is still unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic role of CD8 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Paired tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissues were obtained from 102 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and CD8 expression of these samples was examined by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the relationships between the expression of CD8 and pathological grade, TNM stage, clinical stage, as well as overall survival (OS). Expression of CD8 was significantly increased in lung adenocarcinoma compared with that in adjacent lung adenocarcinoma (P < .001). CD8 expression was negatively correlated with pathological grade (r = –0.216, P = .022) and N stage (r = –0.372, P < .001), while no statistical correlation with T stage, or clinical stage. Importantly, OS was numerically increased in patients with high expression of CD8 than the group of intermediate and low CD8 expression (P = .12). Furthermore, CD8 could significantly increase OS (P = .043, HR: .713, 95%CI: .515–.989) by univariate Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis. Our data indicated that expression of CD8, as a protective factor, is correlated with the outcome of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, CD8 might be a novel prognostic biological marker for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Factors influencing the life satisfaction in the older Korean women living alone

Abstract Background: The population of Korea is aging rapidly. The older population varies in characteristics in accordance with a wide-range of circumstances; therefore, categorizing the overall older population as a homogeneous group, could misrepresent their issues. For that reason, the study of older people should be focused on the diversity of characteristics among the older population. The aims of this study were to examine and identify the factors related to life satisfaction in older Korean women living alone. This study was a cross-sectional survey design. The participants comprised of 243 older women over the age of 65, who met eligibility criteria. Measures: Measures were a demographic characteristics form, the Health Self-Rating Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, and the Life Satisfaction Instrument. Results: Degrees of the perceived health status, self-esteem, and depression were higher than the median. Life satisfaction was lower than the median. Predictors that determine life satisfaction in older Korean women living alone were depression, perceived health status, self-esteem, and monthly allowance. All these predictors, or factors, had an explanatory power of 48.2% for life satisfaction among older Korean women living alone. Of all these predictor factors, depression had the largest impact. Conclusions: The major factor influencing the life satisfaction in older Korean women living alone was depression. These findings suggest that there is a need to develop nursing strategies aimed at decreasing depression in order to increase life satisfaction in older women living alone.
Cost-utility analysis of physician–pharmacist collaborative intervention for treating hypertension compared with usual care

Objective: To estimate long-term costs and outcomes attributable to a physician–pharmacist collaborative intervention compared with physician management alone for treating essential hypertension. Methods: A Markov model cohort simulation with a 6-month cycle length to predict acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and heart failure throughout lifetime was performed. A cohort of 399 patients was obtained from two prospective, cluster randomized controlled clinical trials implementing physician–pharmacist collaborative interventions in community-based medical offices in the Midwest, USA. Framingham risk equations and other algorithms were used to predict the vascular diseases. SBP reduction due to the interventions deteriorated until 5 years. Direct medical costs using a payer perspective were adjusted to 2015 dollar value, and the main outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs); both were discounted at 3%. The intervention costs were estimated from the trials, whereas the remaining parameters were from published studies. A series of sensitivity analyses including changing patient risks of vascular diseases, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve were performed. Results: The lifetime incremental costs were $26 807.83 per QALY (QALYs gained = 0.14). The intervention provided the greatest benefit for the high-risk patients, moderate benefit for the trial patients, and the lowest benefit for the low-risk patients. If a payer is willing to pay $50 000 per QALY gained, in 48.6% of the time the intervention would be cost-effective. Conclusion: Team-based care such as a physician–pharmacist collaboration appears to be a cost-effective strategy for treating hypertension. The intervention is most cost-effective for high-risk patients.
Human Y‐79 Retinoblastoma Cells Exhibit Specific Insulin Receptors

The presence of insulin receptors was investigated in human Y‐79 retinobastoma cells grown in suspension culture. The binding of [125I] insulin to these cells was time, temperature, and pH dependent, was competed for by insulin and proinsulin but not other peptides, and was inhibited by antibodies against the insulin receptor. The Scatchard plot of insulin competition data was curvilinear and was resolved into a high‐affinity (KD∼0.5 × 10‐‐9 M)/low‐capacity (∼3,000 sites/cell) and a low‐affinity (KD∼ 1 × 10‐‐7M)/high‐capacity (∼155,000 sites/cell) component. Negative cooperativity was not found, in agreement with other studies in rodent neural cells. However, in contrast to studies with rodent cells, insulin specifically down‐regulated its receptor on human Y‐79 cells after prolonged exposure. In conclusion, these data show for the first time the presence of specific insulin receptors in human Y‐79 retinoblastoma cells. Because these cells were previously shown to have several characteristics typical of neural cells, we propose their use as a model to study the effects of insulin on neural and retinal tissues of human origin.