Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reverse Innovation Networks: Connecting Emerging Economies to the Developed World

﻿Reverse innovation (RI) is a relatively recent and understudied phenomenon. It is a product development strategy where an innovation is designed and adopted first in emerging economies before transferring to the West. Research has not comprehensively explained what induces RI. Since RI results in international network building, this research engages network theory to shed light on the network mechanisms likely to position new emerging market SMEs for RI. Illustrations from the sustainable transportation sector provide some applicable clarifying context. Cities around the world are similarly growing rapidly such that firms’ transportation technologies can be interchanged across them, but the technologies may also require some local customization. Overall, the theoretical development suggests that: 1) network centrality in terms of prominence, 2) connectedness to powerful others as defined by eigenvector centrality, and 3) brokerage in accordance with betweenness centrality could be indicative of potential RI in local and international value system networks. This research adds to the literature on the dynamics of globalization.
Benchmark of Different Electromagnetic Codes for the High Frequency Calculation

In this paper, we present benchmarking results for highclass 3D electromagnetic (EM) codes in designing RF cavities today. These codes include Omega3P [1], VORPAL [2], CST Microwave Studio [3], Ansoft HFSS [4], and ANSYS [5]. Two spherical cavities are selected as the benchmark models. We have compared not only the accuracy of resonant frequencies, but also that of surface EM fields, which are critical for superconducting RF cavities. By removing degenerated modes, we calculate all the resonant modes up to 10 GHz with similar mesh densities, so that the geometry approximation and field interpolation error related to the wavelength can be observed.
Efficiency of sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) markers in detecting banana somaclonal variants

Screening of micropropagated banana (Musa spp.) cv. Grand Naine for somaclonal variants was carried out in the open field. The total detected variants were 26 somaclones (in addition to the normal plant) and were grouped into eight groups according to their morphological and yield characteristics. Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Target Region Amplified Polymorphism (TRAP) techniques were used to study the differences among banana cv. Grand Naine and 26 somaclonal variants of the cultivar. SRAP markers amplified 1463 fragments while 841 fragments were resulted from TRAP markers. The somaclones “double bunching from peduncle”, “Giant plant” and “weak plant” somaclones were clustered with Grand Naine according to SRAP markers while “empty peduncle”, “horizontal bunch” and “angled bunch” somaclones clustered with Grand Naine using TRAP markers. According to principal coordinate analysis with SRAP markers, “pale green”, “black”, “wavy margins”, “double bunch from stem” and “vertical upward bunch” segregated from other variants; whereas, “pale green”, “black” and “vertical upward bunch” segregated from other variants using TRAP marker data. Although these markers were able to distinguish some of the somaclones derived from micropropagation of Grand Naine, additional markers would be needed to identify mutations generation during tissue culture propagation of banana. Key words: Banana, sequence related amplified polymorphism, target region amplified polymorphism, cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis, genetic diversity.
STUDY ON THE CHLORIDE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT CALCULATED FROM A SIMPLE ACCELERATED CHLORIDE PENETRATION TEST USING ELECTRICITY

There are many reports on the durability of concrete structures affected by chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in Japan. The penetration speed for chloride damage is evaluated using the chloride diffusion coefficient, which varies depending on mix proportion, cement type and admixture type. In general, the diffusion coefficient has been given as a function of the water-cement ratio or by experiment. An immersion experiment is usually carried out by soaking a specimen in salt water, but this method requires a long immersion period. On the other hand, electrophoresis examination can be carried out in a short period of time, but as this method is performed in the steady state the results may differ from the actual phenomenon. In this research, an evaluation method is proposed for the unsteady state by inducing chloride ion movement with electricity. This method calculates the diffusion coefficient in the unsteady state by measuring the penetration depth of the chloride ions up to the time when electricity supply was stopped, and various cement types were examined such as normal (N), early strength (H), low heat (L), blast-furnace slag cement type A (BA), type B (BB), type C (BC) and fly-ash cement type B (FB). Not only could the diffusion coefficient be calculated from the chloride ion depth, but this calculation could be carried out for periods as short as 24 hours. The variation in diffusion coefficient by cement type was also verified. Overall, it is believed that this method can calculated the chloride ion coefficient in the unsteady state in a short period of time.
Observation of the Castaing instability in a trapped ultracold Bose gas

Ultracold trapped atomic systems are ideal model systems to investigate physical phenomena in the quantum regime. In this work we studied instabilities in spin dynamics of a sample of nondegenerate trapped 87Rb gas. This is the first experimental investigation of the so-called Castaing instability in such systems. The Castaing instability is an instability in the spin dynamics of spin-polarized systems as a result of introducing sharp spin gradients in their spin profile. We used an optical technique via the ac Stark effect to initialize arbitrary spin profiles in a sample of evaporatively cooled nondegenerate 87Rb gas. The experimental results manifest evidence for the presence of the Castaing instability in both transverse and longitudinal spin channels. The results agree reasonably well with theoretical studies and results of a numerical solution to the spin transport equation. Some imperfection in the longitudinal spin gradient due to the spin-state preparation technique makes the signature of the instability less clear in the transverse channel. We propose another preparation technique to overcome this shortcoming in future experiments.
Discerning the impact of human‐mediated factors on biodiversity using bioclimatic envelope models and partial regression techniques

Aim Human‐related pressures are growing in species‐rich regions and pose a threat to the conservation of biodiversity. Here, we use the available data for five taxonomic groups (ferns, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, birds and monkeys) to exemplify a procedure directed to discriminate the degree of conflict between human actions and biodiversity.
Pre-Qualification Academic Requirement as a Predictor of Academic Performance in a Building Technology Programme: A Case of Lagos State Polytechnic

Student academic performance has been a source of concern to academics, researchers and relevant stakeholders at tertiary educational level. This resulted in a situation where academic institutions develop pre-qualification criteria aimed at selecting the best candidates. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between academic performance and pre-qualification criteria. A content analysis was carried out on the student academic records and O’levels entranced grades in the department of Building Technology in Lagos State Polytechnic (LASPOTECH). Both Higher National Diploma (HND) and National Diploma (ND) students between the year 2006-2010 academic results were considered for the analysis. The data collected was analysed using linear and multiple regression technique. The study shows that O’level score in Physic is significant to the academic performance of Building Technology students in the Polytechnic compared to the other O ’ level subjects. The findings indicate that pre-qualification criteria could serve as a predictor of academic performance. These findings support that institutional pre-qualification criteria can provide vital information for admission committees and education policy makers. Keywords: Academic performance, building technology, grade point average, pre-qualification criteria
DOES THE PROVISION OF VOLUNTARY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE INFLUENCE THE COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL? EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

The practice of managers of firms making voluntary social disclosures has become widespread. Corporate ownership (shareholders) will be interested to know whether these voluntary social disclosures affect them by influencing the firm’s cost of equity capital. This study investigates the relationship between the voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure of Australian and UK firms, based on the 2008 KPMG International Survey of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting and the cost of equity capital based on the Botosan and Plumlee (2005) model. Using a sample of 59 firms ranked in the top 100 of Australian and UK firms, we find that firms making voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure in compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines are associated with an increased cost of equity capital. Our main results are robust to several alternative measures of voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure. These results can be attributed to two reasons. Firstly, firms making voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure provide information that allows certain traders to make judgments about a firm’s performance that are superior to the judgments of other traders. As a result, there may be more information asymmetry amongst traders. Secondly, shareholders consider that the information production and proprietary costs associated with voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure outweighs its potential benefits. Both explanations suggest that investors will impose a higher cost of equity on firms making voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure. In the additional tests, we show that our main results are robust to alternative measures of voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure.
Computer Attitudes and Computing Career Perceptions of First Year Computing Students

This paper reports on a longitudinal research study on the attitudes to computers, and the perceptions of a computing career, of students enrolled in an introductory computing course in the years 1995 to 1998. Previous programming experience had a positive effect on computer confidence, and ownership of a home computer had a positive effect on computer anxiety and computer confidence. There was a gender difference in computer attitudes and perception of a computing career, with females scoring significantly lower than males on all measures. The analysis showed decreased computer liking over the semester and an inconsistent semester effect on computer confidence over the four years. The differences between male and female computer attitudes and perceptions of a computing career persisted over the semester.
Measurements of scattering observables for the pd break-up reaction

High-precision measurements of the scattering observables such as cross sections and analyzing powers for the proton-deuteron elastic and break-up reactions have been performed at KVI in the last two decades and elsewhere to investigate various aspects of the three-nucleon force (3NF) effects simultaneously. In 2006 an experiment was performed to study these effects in p+d break-up reaction at 135 MeV with the detection system, Big Instrument for Nuclear polarization Analysis, BINA. BINA covers almost the entire kinematical phase space of the break-up reaction. The results are interpreted with the help of state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations and are partly presented in this contribution.
NMDA Receptor-mediated Synaptic Plasticity in Developing Mammalian Visual Pathways

NMDA RECEPTOR-MEDIATED SYNA PTIC PL ASTICITY IN DEVELOPING MAMMALIAN VISUAL PATHWAYS By Gregory S. Perens, BA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 1995. Major Director: Ary S. Ramoa, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anatomy Precise connections in many mammalian nervous systems require a great deal of remodeling during development. In the visual system, many excess synapses are originally formed in the lateral geniculate nucleus and striate cortex. Only the correct set of axon terminals are retained during normal development, while imprecise ones withdraw. The mechanism by which only correct axons are retained requires neural activity, and may be regulated by specific receptors at synapses. The transmission of neural signals at these synapses is carried out in part by the glutan1ate-activated NMDA receptor. It is hypothesized that NMDA receptor activation plays a crucial role in enhancing only those
1 Skyrmions in Magnetic Multilayers

Symmetry breaking together with strong spin-orbit interaction give rise to many exciting phenomena within condensed matter physics. A recent example is the existence of chiral spin textures, which are observed in magnetic systems lacking inversion symmetry. These chiral spin textures, including domain walls and magnetic skyrmions, are both fundamentally interesting and technologically promising. For example, they can be driven very efficiently by electrical currents, and exhibit many new physical properties determined by their real-space topological characteristics. Depending on the details of the competing interactions, these spin textures exist in different parameter spaces. However, the governing mechanism underlying their physical behaviors remain essentially the same. In this review article, the fundamental topological physics underlying these chiral spin textures, the key factors for materials optimization, and current developments and future challenges will be discussed. In the end, a few promising directions that will advance the development of skyrmion based spintronics will be highlighted. This review article is organized as follows: 1. Topological physics of magnetic skyrmions 1.1 Origin of spin topology 1.2 Real space topological physics 1.3 Topological distinction of bubble-like spin textures
Promotion of Seedling Growth and Production of Wheat by Using Trichoderma spp.

The fungus Trichoderma spp. is known due to its versatility for promoting crop growth and grain yield, improving the nutrient absorption and increasing the grain yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial strains of Trichoderma spp. and an organomineral fertilizer in the early growth promotion and grain yield of wheat plants. Thus, wheat seeds cv. BRS 264 were treated with 2 mL of a Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 108 conidia mL-1 per 100 g seed) and submitted to growth in laboratory until 8 days after sowing (DAS). In the greenhouse experiment, the seeds were sown in an 8 L pot, which received 4.0 × 108 conidia of Trichoderma per pot. In both evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM), dry root mass (DRM), dry shoot mass (DSM), total biomass (BIO), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and aerial part/root system ratio (AP/RS). In the greenhouse experiment, paniculation and grain yield were evaluated at 110 DAS. The treatments T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 and T. asperellum URM5911 were considered satisfactory, since they provided grain yield superior to 2,000 kg ha-1. In addition, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 provided the best results for PG, RL, SL, TL, FRM, FSM, TFM, DRM, DSM and BIO under greenhouse conditions. The reduced biomass allocation to the root system in seedlings treated with Trichoderma ssp. occurred in the laboratory, which was confirm in greenhouse.
QUID 2017, pp. 1859-1868, Special Issue N°1- ISSN: 1692-343X, Medellín-Colombia IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT ABILITY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX AVOIDANCE AND FIRM VALUE IN COMPANIES LISTED IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Increasing significance of tax systems for the governments for realization of their macro goals has caused that public managers seek for finding the ways in order to avoid tax evasion, as well as incentives for taxpayers to pay tax and reduce tax evasion. On the other hand, value creation for investors is one of their major priorities for choosing the stocks. Today the main criterion to achieve increased firm value is selection of highability managers Current research aims at investigating effect of management ability on relationship between tax avoidance and firm value in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were used as the statistical population. Research time period covered 2009 2015. Current research is applied in terms of objective and it is post-event research in terms of data collection method. Sample size was selected as 158 firms according to the limitations applied for their selection. Results of testing hypotheses using ordinary least squares regression and Chow and Hausman tests indicate that there is positive significant relationship between management ability and tax avoidance. There is also positive significant relationship between tax avoidance and firm value. Management ability influences relationship between tax avoidance and firm value.
Factors influencing seedling recruitment in a critically endangered pitcher plant, Sarracenia rubra ssp. alabamensis

Sarracenia rubra ssp. alabamensis is a critically endangered pitcher plant endemic to central Alabama (USA); efforts have been made to protect the remaining populations, including the use of prescribed fire and thinning to restore the savanna-like structure that historically character- ized its habitat and to promote the beneficial effects of fire on seedling establishment observed in other pitcher plant species. Despite these efforts, seedling recruitment remains very low within the largest population of S. rubra ssp. alabamensis. We considered the possibility that other factors such as germinability, seed removal (by predators or dispersal agents), and inadequate soil moisture were reducing or preventing seedling recruitment. We report the results of laboratory and field experi- ments investigating factors limiting seedling recruitment and establishment in the 2 largest remain- ing populations, which were observed at sites that differed in soil moisture, fire management, and the abundance of sphagnum moss. Seedling recruitment was higher at the wet unmanaged site than at the dry, fire-managed site. The major contributing factors to site differences in recruitment were a greater abundance of safe sites for germination (specifically, patches of sphagnum) and lower seedling mortality at the wet unmanaged site as a result of higher soil moisture. We recommend that land managers shift some of their attention to this and other wet sites and seek permission to increase population density and restore fire at these sites.
Examining Psychological Hardiness Levels of Primary School Teachers According To Demographic Variables

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ilkogretim okulu ogretmenlerinin psikolojik dayaniklilik duzeylerinin cinsiyet, brans, yas, mesleki kidem ve gorev yapilan okuldaki hizmet suresi gibi demografik degiskenler acisindan incelenmesidir. Arastirmaya Ankara il merkezinde yer alan 12 ilkogretim okulunda gorev yapan toplam 369 ogretmen katilmistir. Arastirmada veri toplamak amaciyla Psikolojik Dayaniklilik Olcegi III-R kullanilmistir. Arastirma verilerinin analizinde t-testi ve tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, ilkogretim okulu ogretmenlerinin psikolojik dayaniklilik duzeylerinin cinsiyet, brans, yas, kidem ve gorev yapilan okuldaki hizmet suresi gibi demografik degiskenlerle iliskili olmadigini gostermektedir. Bu bulgu, ogretmenlerin psikolojik dayanikliligi ile stres, stresle basa cikma, yildirma, tukenmislik, orgutsel baglilik ve is doyumu gibi orgutun daha cok psikolojik yonune vurgu yapan kavramlar arasindaki iliskilerin anlasilmasina yonelik daha fazla arastirmaya ihtiyac duyuldugunu gostermektedir.
INNOVATION CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NAIROBI, KENYA

The current business environment is characterized by tough and unpredictable competitions. All organizations, regardless of their size and scope of operation are faced with tough competition challenges and in order for them to cope with this state of affairs, SMEs are turning to innovation in order to stay afloat. Kenya has a sizeable SME sector that the government is making efforts to grow and develop. Recent studies have looked at the effective factors which are seen to lead to the increase in SME innovativeness and performance. However, there is still a gap in knowledge that this study aimed at addressing by attempting to answer the question, what innovation challenges do SMEs in Nairobi encounter? This study applied descriptive research design and the target population was all the registered Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi. The study employed purposive sampling technique where only 100 small and medium enterprises listed in the top 100 medium sized companies in the East African region in the year 2016 were picked as the sample. Data was collected using questionnaires and was analyzed through Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, frequencies and standard deviation. One of the major findings of the study was that the level of innovativeness in the businesses varies from one business to another, where, 41% of the businesses report to have good innovation levels, 32% have average level, 19% are excellent in innovation while 8% are poor. Regardless of the level of innovation, 45% of the businesses still find innovation very challenging, 37% of the businesses find innovation moderately challenging while the remaining 18% find innovation not challenging at all. The study further found out that several innovation
An Empirical Analysis of the Seasonal Patterns in Aggregate Directors’ Trades

This paper examins the seasonal patterns in aggregate insider trading transactions, specifically, do insiders prefer to trade on any particular day of the week or month of the year? It also, given that such seasonal patterns exist, attempts to relate these patterns to explanations drawn from the literature on calendar anomalies in returns (and volumes). The results outlined from this paper includes: There is a day of the week anomaly in aggregate insider activities (as measured by number and value of insider transactions). Particularly, relative to other days, insiders tend to trade more on Fridays and less on Tuesdays. Also, the distribution of the average value of directors‟ trades (buys and sells) across the week days forms a U shape i.e. high trading value on the beginning of the week (Monday) and the end of the week (Friday). Also, there is a month of the year anomaly in aggregate insider activities (as measured by the number of insider transactions). Insiders tend to trade most frequently in March and least in August. The results of OLS Regression Model indicate that there is no monthly anomaly in aggregate insider selling activities as measured by the aggregate value of insider transactions. The results of TOBIT Regression Model show that the average value of directors‟ selling activities in March is higher and significantly different relative to other months of the year. The results of OLS regression are also confirmed by the results of K-W statistic test which supported the non existence of monthly anomaly in aggregate director trading (measured by the value of director transactions).