Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterior shoulder instability: diagnostic criteria determined from prospective analysis of 121 MR arthrograms.

PURPOSE To determine magnetic resonance (MR) arthrographic criteria in the diagnosis of anterior glenohumeral instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 121 patients with diagnoses proved surgically, the labrum, glenohumeral ligaments, and capsular insertion types were assessed prospectively with gadolinium-enhanced MR arthrography. Findings were compared in stable and unstable shoulders. RESULTS Operative results showed 59 normal, 57 torn, and five deficient labra. In 37 unstable shoulders, 31 had discrete inferior labral-ligamentous lesions and six had capsular laxity. MR arthrograms showed labral abnormalities with 92% sensitivity, 92% specificity. Inferior labral-ligamentous lesions enabled prediction of anterior instability with 76% sensitivity (capsular laxity was missed in all shoulders), 98% specificity. Inferior labral-ligamentous abnormalities were strongly associated with unstable shoulders (P << .0001), whereas noninferior labral-ligamentous abnormalities were related to stable shoulders (P = .01). Capsular insertion types showed no significant differences between stable and unstable shoulders (P > .8). CONCLUSION On MR arthrograms, inferior labral-ligamentous abnormalities were most closely correlated with anterior glenohumeral instability. Capsular insertion sites had no role in the prediction of shoulder instability.
Boron Electrical Activation in SOI Compared to Bulk Si Substrates

We investigate the influence of the buried Si/SiO2 interface in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrates on B electrical activation by comparing experimental data and atomistic simulations in bulk Si and SOI materials. In crystalline Si, the effect of the Si/SiO2 interface on the formation of B clusters is practically negligible because they are formed rapidly and locally in the region with high B and Si interstitial concentrations. During post-implant anneal less diffusion occurs and a slight acceleration of B activation is observed, as the Si/SiO2 interface increases the removal of Si interstitials and facilitates B cluster dissolution. In pre-amorphized Si, B clusters form during the recrystallization of the pre-amorphized layer. Therefore, the effect of the Si/SiO2 interface is mainly related to its influence on end of range defect (EOR) evolution after regrowth which in turn affects B deactivation and subsequent reactivation. Our simulations show that slightly less B deactivation occurs in SOI compared to bulk Si samples since the Si/SiO2 interface accelerates EOR defect dissolution. The effect is more significant as EOR damage is closer to the Si/SiO2 interface compared to the distance from EOR damage to the silicon surface.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGEN IN THE TUBERCULIN REACTION.

The tuberculin reaction was examined in the electron microscope using as antigen PPD conjugated to ferritin. The ferritin marker was rapidly localized within macrophages prior to the time of significant lymphocyte accumulation. Evidence of degenerative changes in macrophages was seen. Uptake of marker by lymphocytes was not noted. Appropriate control experiments indicated that the uptake of antigen by macrophages and subsequent macrophage degeneration were not dependent on previous sensitization. The accumulation of lymphocytes without apparent contact with unaltered antigen was interpreted as evidence that lymphocyte accumulation was a consequence of the prior interaction between antigen and macrophages.
Immunophenotypic analysis of erythroid dysplasia and its diagnostic application in myelodysplastic syndromes

Background/Aim: Abnormal immunophenotypes of haematopoietic cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have been identified by flow cytometry (FCM) as a typical characteristic of myeloid dysplasia. Considering that most MDS patients show varying degrees of erythroid dysplasia, we analysed the immunophenotypic feature of erythroblasts to evaluate its diagnostic application in MDS.
Systemic adenoviral gene delivery to orthotopic murine breast tumors with ablation of coagulation factors, thrombocytes and Kupffer cells

Rapid clearance of adenoviruses from blood by macrophage lineage cells of the liver and spleen, and binding to platelets, hinder their successful systemic use for cancer gene therapy. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors are important mediators for the adenovirus liver tropism. Here we aim to determine the effects of coagulation factor, thrombocyte and liver macrophage (Kupffer cell) ablation on biodistribution of serotype 5 adenoviruses in mice with orthotopic breast tumors.
Visual Rhodopsin Sees the Light: Structure and Mechanism of G Protein Signaling*

The availability of crystal structures for the dark, inactive, and several light-activated photointermediate states of vertebrate visual rhodopsin has provided important mechanistic and energetic insights into the transformations underlying agonist-dependent activation of this and other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The high natural abundance of rhodopsin in the vertebrate retina, together with its specific localization to the disk membranes of the rod cell, has also enabled direct imaging of rhodopsin in its native environment. These advances have provided compelling evidence that rhodopsin, like many other GPCRs, forms highly organized oligomeric structures that, in all likelihood, are important for receptor biosynthesis, optimal activation, and signaling.
Risk Factors For Ectopic Pregnancy : A Case Control Study In Tertiary Care Centre

Objective: To study various risk factors for ectopic pregnancy among population of Himachal Pradesh. Method : Present case control study was conducted over a period of one year in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for mother and child, Indira Gandhi Medical College , Shimla from March, 2011 to Feb, 2012. In this case control study, all the diagnosed cases of ectopic pregnancy were taken as cases and controls were the age matched women with normal intrauterine pregnancy of same gestation age. Total number of diagnosed ectopic pregnancy cases who reported to hospital during study period were 110. All cases were analysed. Results: Overall incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 18.62 per 1,000 deliveries in the present study with mean age 28.72 years. Maximum number of cases were multigravidae (80.90%). Eighty (72.72%) cases belonged to rural area and 61.81% cases were from middle – lower socioeconomic status. Most common risk factors were infertility (23.60%), PID (22.70%), previous laparotomy (22.72%), tubal sterilization (10%) and previous history of ectopic pregnancy (10%) in the present study. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy still remains the most lethal obstetrical emergency and a very high index of suspicion in women with risk factors will reduce ectopic pregnancy related morbidity and mortality.
A Combined Study of p- and n-Channel MOS Devices to Investigate the Energetic Distribution of Oxide Traps After NBTI

The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of gate bias switches and charge pumping (CP) on oxide trap and interface-state recovery. In general, variations in gate bias correspond to shifts of the Fermi level (E F) across the silicon band gap and trigger carrier exchange between stress-induced oxide traps and the silicon substrate. Our measurements strongly indicate that interface-state recovery is accelerated by the CP measurement itself, whereas oxide-trap occupation can be controlled more efficiently by slow Fermi level switches. Oxide-trap neutralization/charging by electron/hole capture works similarly to interface states but with larger time constants indicating inelastic carrier tunneling between the silicon substrate and stress-induced donorlike oxide traps. In a combined study, we compare threshold-voltage shifts and recovery of identically processed NMOS and PMOS devices which allows us to gain access to the full silicon band gap by appropriate gate biasing. Additional CP measurements on identically stressed reference devices allow us furthermore to differentiate quantitatively between interface-state and oxide-trap contributions. Finally, by referring oxide-trap-dependent V TH shifts after stress to certain gate voltages during recovery, energetic profiling of oxide traps with respect to the Fermi level position becomes possible.
Incidence and survival trends in mantle cell lymphoma

Initials: Constantin Lapa (CL), Martin Schreder (MS), Katharina L€ uckerath (KL), Samuel Samnick (SSa), Martina Rudelius (MR), Andreas K. Buck (AKB), Klaus Martin Kort€ um (KMK), Hermann Einsele (HE), Andreas Rosenwald (AR), Stefan Knop (SK). Conception and design: CL, MS, KL, MR, HE, KMK. Development of methodology: CL, KL, SSa, MS, AR, SK. Acquisition of data: CL, MS, KL, MR, KMK. Analysis and interpretation of data: CL, MS, KL, SSa, AKB. Writing, review and/or revision of the manuscript: all authors. Administrative, technical, or material support: SSa, AKB, HE, SK. Supervision: AKB, HE, AR, SK.
Response to preoperative chemoembolization correlates with outcome after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be cured by liver transplantation (LT). However, many patients drop out during the waiting time as a result of tumor progression. We prospectively investigated the effect of transarterial chemoembolization on long‐term survival of 116 patients with HCC listed for LT. Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed that patients with either complete or partial response to therapy (no vital tumor or devascularization of ≥30%, respectively) as assessed by computed tomographic scan before LT had far better 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year survival rates (100, 93.2, and 85.7%; and 93.8, 83.6, and 66.2%, respectively) compared with those with no response or with tumor progression (82.4, 50.7, and 19.3%). Posttransplant survival analysis showed a marked survival benefit according to transarterial chemoembolization response: patients with complete or partial response had 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year survival rates of 89.1, 85.1, and 85.1%, and 88.6, 77.4, and 63.9%, respectively, compared with 68.6, 51.4, and 51.4% for patients whose disease did not respond to therapy. Subgroup analysis, however, showed that these benefits were only seen in patients whose disease met the Milan criteria, but not in disease exceeding the Milan criteria but fitting the expanded University of California at San Francisco criteria. These patients were also more likely to drop out as a result of tumor progression while waiting for LT (dropout rate 12.1 vs. 2.9%) and to develop recurrent HCC (21.6 vs. 7.6%). Downstaged patients did even worse, with a dropout rate of 26.7% and a 5‐year survival rate of only 25%. In conclusion, the response to preoperative chemoembolization may predict long‐term outcome after LT. Liver Transpl 13:272–279, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Effect of Time Interval on Residual Disease in Breast Cancer

The histologic responses of breast tissue to injury are limited. Needle core biopsies of the breast are associated with displacement of tumor cells, and the incidence of tumor displacement decreases as the time interval between needle core biopsy and subsequent excision increases. This suggests that displaced tumor cells are destroyed by reparative processes induced by tissue injury. Residual tumor in a lumpectomy site may also be subjected to the same destructive processes associated with tissue repair. A total of 259 consecutive cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma with margin-positive lumpectomies and their associated reexcision specimens obtained over a 7-year period were analyzed for the presence, type, and quantity of residual disease. The overall incidence of residual disease was 69%. Residual infiltrating ductal carcinoma was present in 35% of cases, and residual ductal carcinoma in situ was present in 50%. An increased time interval between lumpectomy and reexcision was associated with a decreased incidence of residual infiltrating carcinoma (p <0.0043); this decrease was not found associated with ductal carcinoma in situ. These findings suggest that the host response to injury may destroy residual infiltrating carcinoma cells in some margin-positive cases.
Look-up table techniques for adaptive digital predistortion: a development and comparison

Simple techniques are presented for performing digital predistortion by use of look-up tables. Performance is measured by the traditional spectral regrowth analysis which quantifies the out-of-band distortion. Also included in the performance evaluation is constellation distortion which quantifies the in-band distortion which is important for bit error rate (BER) performance. As an added performance measure, predistortion is also analyzed with respect to its effect on amplifier efficiency. A nonuniform spacing technique is described which is simple to implement and has a performance very close to the cited optimum approach. In addition, scaling the gain of these tables provides further improvement in terms of correction and efficiency performance. Finally, adaptive indexing is introduced. These algorithms allow the various techniques to adapt to changing signal and power amplifier characteristics.
Serum CD40/CD40L System in Graves' Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Related to Soluble Fas, FasL and Humoral Markers of Autoimmune Response

Activated CD4 T cells' express CD40 ligand (CD154) interacting with CD40 on the B cells surface, protecting them from Fas-mediated apoptosis and in this study, influence humoral response. The aim of the study was to assess soluble CD40 and CD154 in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in relation to Fas and FasL and to the markers of humoral response: aTPO, aTG and aTSHR. The study was carried out in 5 groups of subjects: 1/14 patients with GD in euthyreosis on methimazol (euGD), 2/20 patients with hyperthyroid GD (hrGD), 3/15 patients with HT in euthyreosis on levothyroxine (euHT), 4/16 patients with hypothyroid Ht (hoHT), 5/12 healthy volunteers, age and sex-matched to groups 1–4. The serum levels of CD40, CD154, Fas and FasL, aTPO and aTG were determined by ELISA and aTSHR was determined by the RIA method. CD40 serum concentration was significantly higher in hoHT individuals: 55.8 (24.0–83.2) pg/ml (p<0.01) and euHT patients: 51.2 (20.0–80.1) (p<0.05) as compared to the controls. Also sCD40L values were significantly increased in euHT individuals: 5.1 (1.0–11.8) (p<0.05) and hoHT patients: 3.9 (0.7–11.2) ng/ml (p<0.05) as compared to the controls. There was a positive correlation between sCD40 and sCD154 in the patients studied (r = 0.36, p<0.001). In HT patients we found positive correlations between sCD40 and aTPO (r = 0.45, p<0.001) and sFas (r = 0.36, p<0.05) as well as a negative correlation between sCD40 and FasL (r = –0.24, p<0.05). In GD patients there was a positive correlation between sCD40 and aTSHR (r = 0.28, p<0.05). In summary, our results suggest that CD40/CD154 interaction plays an important role in the regulation of autoimmune humoral response, both in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Fas-mediated apoptosis seems to be involved in this process especially in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Soluble CD40 may serve as a marker of the active stage of autoimmune thyroid disease.
How Generalizable are the Results of Diabetes Self-Management Research? The Impact of Participation and Attrition

From the Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon. Preparation of this manuscript was supported by grant 3DK R01-35524 from the National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases. Correspondence to Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene OR 97403-1983. Reprint requests to The Diabetes Educator, 367 West Chicago Avenue, Chicago IL 60610. There is a considerable body of wellconducted and generally positive research on the efficacy of diabetes selfmanagement research. This literature and its practical implications have been reviewed in detail elsewhere. ’-&dquo; Despite
The neural substrates of memory systems impairment in Alzheimer's disease. A PET study of resting brain glucose utilization.

The aim of this study was to determine the neuronal basis for memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease by taking advantage of the clinical and metabolic heterogeneity of this pathology. To this end, 19 patients satisfying the NINCDSADRDA criteria for probably Alzheimer's disease of mild-to-moderate severity underwent a detailed examination of the five memory systems according to Tulving's model, together with a PET measurement of resting regional cerebral glucose utilization (CMRGlc). Compared with controls, the patients as a group showed the expected memory and metabolic profiles of impairment. Correlations (corrected for the effects of ageing) were calculated between memory scores and CMRGlc (normalized by the vermis CMRGlc) using two methods: (i) the classic regions-of-interest method, based on a priori hypotheses and individual coregistered structural MRI; and (ii) the statistical parametric mapping method which allows a systematic voxel-by-voxel analysis, in a more descriptive and exploratory way. Significant correlations were above chance levels and largely consistent between the two methods. They were almost exclusively positive (i.e. in the neurobiologically expected direction) and their distribution showed striking differences according to each memory system. Thus, verbal episodic memory impairment was related to changes in a large neuronal network including not only the limbic structures (mesial temporal cortex, thalamus and cingulate gyrus, with left side predominance) but also the parietotemporal and frontal association cortices of the right hemisphere, possibly on a compensatory basis. Regardless of modality, short-term memory tests were mainly correlated with bilateral activity in posterior association cortex, and also with activity in left prefrontal cortex for the visuospatial span, possibly indicating essentially uniform strategies for the performance of the different tasks. As predicted, semantic memory scores correlated with activity in temporoparietal and frontal association cortices of the left hemisphere, and also with activity in left cingulate cortex. Thus, for episodic, short-term and semantic memory, many findings fit classical neuropsychology, while most of the less expected ones were consistent with recent results from functional neuro-imaging in healthy subjects, notably with the hemispheric encoding/ retrieval asymmetry (HERA) model; only few findings suggested possible reorganization processes and/or recourse to unexpected cognitive strategy. Finally, only negative correlations were found for perceptual priming and procedural memory; although they could arise by chance, some of these unexpected findings give rise to interesting hypotheses about the cognitive relationships between the most and least affected memory systems. This study documents the validity and usefulness of our approach in unravelling the neural substrates of cognitive impairment in brain pathology without focal tissue loss such as that seen in neurodegenerative diseases.
Ortho-quinones of benzene and estrogens induce hyperproliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Benzene is a known leukemogen. It has been hypothesized that benzene and natural estrogens initiate cancer by forming ortho-quinones (catechol quinones) that react with DNA in cells. These quinones form depurinating DNA adducts that generate the mutations leading to cancer. This study examined whether the treatment of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the ortho-quinones of benzene or estradiol would form DNA adducts and elicit an alteration in the proliferation of these cells. Both estradiol-3,4-quinone and benzene ortho-quinone formed depurinating DNA adducts and significantly increased the mitogen-induced proliferation of normal blood mononuclear cells. Immunophenotyping of the estradiol-3,4-quinone-treated blood cells indicated that monocyte/macrophage, natural killer and T-cells were particularly prone to hyperproliferation. Thus, DNA damage induced by the ortho-quinones of benzene and estradiol may promote the growth of human blood mononuclear cells, including those that appear in large numbers in leukemia and lymphoma.
Repurposing of Aspirin and Ibuprofen as Candidate Anti-Cryptococcus Drugs

ABSTRACT The usage of fluconazole and amphotericin B in clinical settings is often limited by, among other things, drug resistance development and undesired side effects. Thus, there is a constant need to find new drugs to better manage fungal infections. Toward this end, the study described in this paper considered the repurposing of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and ibuprofen as alternative drugs to control the growth of cryptococcal cells. In vitro susceptibility tests, including a checkerboard assay, were performed to assess the response of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii to the above-mentioned anti-inflammatory drugs. Next, the capacity of these two drugs to induce stress as well as their mode of action in the killing of cryptococcal cells was determined. The studied fungal strains revealed a response to both aspirin and ibuprofen that was dose dependent, with ibuprofen exerting greater antimicrobial action. More importantly, the MICs of these drugs did not negatively (i) affect growth or (ii) impair the functioning of macrophages; rather, they enhanced the ability of these immune cells to phagocytose cryptococcal cells. Ibuprofen was also shown to act in synergy with fluconazole and amphotericin B. The treatment of cryptococcal cells with aspirin or ibuprofen led to stress induction via activation of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, and cell death was eventually achieved through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated membrane damage. The presented data highlight the potential clinical application of aspirin and ibuprofen as candidate anti-Cryptococcus drugs.
Epilepsy Surgery: Indications, Approaches, and Results

The surgical treatment of epilepsy is divided into procedures with curative or palliative goals. Curative procedures are highly effective in rendering the majority of patients seizure free, and palliative procedures often result in marked improvement in seizure frequency, quality of life, or both. This brief overview of epilepsy surgery outlines the goals of surgery, criteria used to determine patient eligibility, the various types of epilepsy surgery, and anticipated outcomes of these approaches. Newer surgical techniques including vagus nerve and deep brain stimulation and gamma knife radiosurgery are also discussed.
Lipodystrophy syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents infected with HIV/AIDS receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVE To describe lipid profile, body shape changes, and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents infected with HIV/AIDS receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS We investigated 43 children and adolescents being treated with this therapy at the outpatient clinic of pediatric infectious diseases of Instituto Fernandes Figueira/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Values of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were determined. We also performed glucose tolerance test and analyzed body fat distribution, nutritional status, dietary intake, and family history of cardiovascular risk. The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test. Significance level of p-value was lower than 0.05. RESULTS We found lipid abnormality in 88.3% and body shape change in 13.9% of the cases. Nutritional status was adequate (81.3%) in most of the study population. Cholesterol intake in children older than 9 years was above the recommended value. CONCLUSION Prevalence of dyslipidemia and, therefore, risk for cardiovascular diseases were high during the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy.