Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Resting Muscle Glycogen Content

Reent preliminary evidence indicates that muscle glycogen content and synthesis rates in eumenorrheic women may vary with dietary practices and the phases of the menstrual cycle {Nicklas, Hackney and Sharp 1989). The physiological basis for this effect was proposed to be the endogenous fluctuations in the ovarian steroid hormones (i. e., estrogens and progesterone). Such a hypothesis is consistent with the existing animal based research (Matute and Kalkhoff 1973; Sladek 1974). The intent of this study was to examine this issue in humans, and determine if the resting muscle glycogen content of eumenorrheic women was different at the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle.
Seven Days a Week, 8 AM to 8 PM: Improving Access to National Health Service Primary Care

In October 2013, the British government announced plans to extend access to primary care in England, allowing patients to see their general practitioner from 8 AM to 8 PM 7 days a week. This announcement sparked considerable debate about the practical details of the proposal and whether extended access would relieve pressure on emergency departments. This article provides a background to primary care access in England and the main arguments in the current debate over extending primary care access to 7 days a week.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature zygotic embryos of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae)

SummaryA procedure for the regeneration of ‘paradise tree’ (Melia azedarach, Meliaceae) plants from immature zygotic embryos via somatic embryogenesis was developed. Somatic embryos were induced from explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.45, 4.54, or 13.62 μM thidiazuron. Histological examination revealed that somatic embryos were induced directly from the explants. Further development of somatic embryos was accomplished with Murashige and Skoog medium at quarter-strength with 3% sucrose. A large number of plants were regenerated from somatic embryos and successfully established in soil in a greenhouse. These plants are morphologically similar to those of seed-derived plants. This system may be beneficial for mass propagation as well as for genetic manipulation of the ‘paradise tree’.
Early intervention with Indigenous families and children in British Columbia : a critical inquiry

ii Preface . iii Table of Contents . iv List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii List of Abbreviations . xiii Glossary . xv Acknowledgements . xvii Dedication . xviii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background to the Study . 1 1.1.1 Indigenous Children and Health Inequities . 3 1.1.2 Indigenous Early Childhood Programs . 6 1.2 A Community Research Partnership: The Aboriginal Infant Development Program of British Columbia . 7 1.3 Theoretical Framework . 9 1.4 Problem Statement . 9 1.5 Research Purpose . 11 1.5. 1 Research Questions . 11 1.6 Research Outcomes and Significance . 12 1.7 Organization of the Thesis . 14
Prevention of nausea and vomiting after day case gynaecological laparoscopy

We have compared the efficacy of ondansetron, metoclopramide, droperidol and placebo in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in 118 day stay patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. All received a standardised general anaesthetic offentanyl, propofol, nitrous oxide in oxygen and isoflurane. Three to five min before induction of anaesthesia, patients were allocated to receive ondansetron 4mg, metoclopramide 10 mg, droperidol 1 mg or placebo in a randomised, double‐blind manner. Visual analogue scores for nausea, the incidence of emetic episodes, and analgesic and antiemetic consumption were recorded for 48 h postoperatively. The scores for nausea were significantly lower in the ondansetron group (p < 0.01) compared with the other three groups at 1, 2 and 4h after operation; thereafter there was no difference. The incidence of erne sis was lower (p = 0.063) and time to first oral fluids was shorter (p < 0.05) in the ondansetron group. Oral analgesic requirements were significantly greater in the ondansetron group over the 48 h study period. Two patients, one each in the placebo and metoclopramide groups, had to remain in hospital overnight because of persistent emetic symptoms.
Relational mapping of MYCN and DDX1 in band 2p24 and analysis of amplicon arrays in double minute chromosomes and homogeneously staining regions by use of free chromatin FISH

MYCN amplification has been observed in diverse neuronal tumors including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and small cell carcinoma of the lung, and has been correlated with a poor prognosis in advanced‐stage neuroblastomas. Recent studies have shown a co‐amplification of DDX1, a DEAD box gene, and MYCN in retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma. DDX1 has been mapped to within a megabase of the MYCN gene in band 2p24. In the present study, the relational map of DDX1 and MYCN by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping to metaphase cells and extended free chromatin fibers indicated that DDX1 is telomeric to MYCN. Dual‐color FISH analysis of amplicons within arrays of extended chromatin fibers was performed to examine the physical relationship of MYCN and DDX1 within double minute chromosomes (dmins) and homogeneously staining regions (hsrs). No regular reiterated amplicon repeat unit was present in the hsrs, but detailed analysis of the configurations of DDX1 and MYCN within each array indicated that multiple rearrangements generated a complex hsr amplicon structure. Similarly, analysis of a cell line bearing dmins showed that a composite amplicon structure involving deletions and/or duplications of MYCN and DDX1 is a feature of dmin formation. These data are consistent with a molecular mechanism involving many rearrangements during the evolution of gene amplification, resulting in complex amplicon structures with distinct changes in relative gene copy number and considerable variation in intragenic distances between coamplified genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 20:243–252, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption and Recovery of Patterned Retinal Activity in the Absence of Acetylcholine

Many developing neural circuits generate synchronized bursting activity among neighboring neurons, a pattern thought to be important for sculpting precise neural connectivity. Network output remains relatively constant as the cellular and synaptic components of these immature circuits change during development, suggesting the presence of homeostatic mechanisms. In the retina, spontaneous waves of activity are present even before chemical synapse formation, needing gap junctions to propagate. However, as synaptogenesis proceeds, retinal waves become dependent on cholinergic neurotransmission, no longer requiring gap junctions. Later still in development, waves are driven by glutamatergic rather than cholinergic synapses. Here, we asked how retinal activity evolves in the absence of cholinergic transmission by using a conditional mutant in which the gene encoding choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the sole synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine (ACh), was deleted from large retinal regions. ChAT-negative regions lacked retinal waves for the first few days after birth, but by postnatal day 5 (P5), ACh-independent waves propagated across these regions. Pharmacological analysis of the waves in ChAT knock-out regions revealed a requirement for gap junctions but not glutamate, suggesting that patterned activity may have emerged via restoration of previous gap-junctional networks. Similarly, in P5 wild-type retinas, spontaneous activity recovered after a few hours in nicotinic receptor antagonists, often as local patches of coactive cells but not waves. The rapid recovery of rhythmic spontaneous activity in the presence of cholinergic antagonists and the eventual emergence of waves in ChAT knock-out regions suggest that homeostatic mechanisms regulate retinal output during development.
T Regulatory Cells Control Numbers of NK Cells and CD8α+ Immature Dendritic Cells in the Lymph Node Paracortex1

The spleen contains numerous NK cells whose differentiation profile is characterized by a preponderance of mature elements located mainly in the red pulp. In contrast, lymph nodes (LNs) contain few NK cells and they are sited mostly in T cell zones and skewed toward immature developmental stages. We show that, in mice, naturally occurring CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are both necessary and sufficient to repress accumulation of NK cells in resting LNs. Moreover, we present evidence that Treg cells hamper generation of mature NK cells through short-range interactions with NK precursors. In turn, mature NK cells specifically regulate the amount of CD8α+ phenotypically immature dendritic cells present in LN T cell zones. We propose that the dominant influence of Treg cells on NK cell precursors and CD8α+ immature dendritic cells explains why “quiescent” LNs in the absence of infection function as privileged sites for induction and maintenance of tolerance to peripheral Ags.
The effects of resisted sled-pulling sprint training on acceleration and maximum speed performance.

AIM The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of resisted (RS) and un-resisted (US) sprint training programs on acceleration and maximum speed performance. METHODS Twenty-two male students (age 20.1+/-1.9 y, height 1.78+/-7 cm, and weight 73+/-2 kg) completed RS (n=11) or US (n=11) sprint training programs. The RS group followed a sprint-training program with 5 kg sled pulling and the US group followed a similar sprint-training program without sled pulling. The training program consisted of 4x20 m and 4x50 m maximal runs, and was applied 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Before and after the training programs the subjects performed a 50 m run and the running velocity of 0(-1)0 m, 10(-2)0 m, 20-40 m and 40-50 m was measured. In addition, stride length and stride frequency were evaluated at the 3(rd) stride in acceleration phase and between 42-47 m in maximum speed phase. RESULTS The RS improved running velocity in the run sections 0(-1)0 m and 0(-2)0 m, while in US group the running velocity in all run sections in acceleration phase remained unchanged (p>0.05). In contrast, RS training had no effect on running velocity in maximum speed phase, whereas US improved running velocity in 20-40 m, 40-50 m, and 20-50 m run sections (p<0.05). Stride rate increased only after RS in acceleration phase (+7.1+/-2.9%; p<0.05), whereas stride length increased only after US in maximum speed phase (+5.5+/-2.5%; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Sprint training with 5 kg sled pulling for 8 weeks improves acceleration performance (0(-2)0), while un-resisted sprint training improves performance in maximum speed phase (20-40) in non-elite athletes. It appears that each phase of sprint run demands a specific training approach.
South African physicians' acceptance of e-prescribing technology: an empirical test of a modified UTAUT model

E-prescribing systems hold promise for improving the quality and efficiency of the scripting process. Yet, the use of the technology has been associated with a number of challenges. The diffusion of e-prescribing into physician practices and the consequent realisation of its potential benefits will depend on whether physicians are willing to accept and engage with the technology. This study draws on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and recent literature on user trust in technology to develop and test a model of the factors influencing South African physicians’ acceptance of e-prescribing. Data was collected from a sample of 72 physicians. Results indicate a general acceptance of e-prescribing amongst physicians who on average reported strong intentions to use e-prescribing technologies if given the opportunity. PLS analysis revealed that physicians’ performance expectancies and perceptions of facilitating conditions had significant direct effects on acceptance whilst trust and effort expectancy had important indirect effects. Social influence and price value perceptions did not add additional explanatory power. The model explained 63% of the variation in physician acceptance.
Collaborative Company Profiling: Insights from an Employee's Perspective

Company profiling is an analytical process to build an in-depth understanding of company's fundamental characteristics. It serves as an effective way to gain vital information of the target company and acquire business intelligence. Traditional approaches for company profiling rely heavily on the availability of rich finance information about the company, such as finance reports and SEC filings, which may not be readily available for many private companies. However, the rapid prevalence of online employment services enables a new paradigm — to obtain the variety of company's information from their employees' online ratings and comments. This, in turn, raises the challenge to develop company profiles from an employee's perspective. To this end, in this paper, we propose a method named Company Profiling based Collaborative Topic Regression (CPCTR), for learning the latent structural patterns of companies. By formulating a joint optimization framework, CPCTR has the ability in collaboratively modeling both textual (e.g., reviews) and numerical information (e.g., salaries and ratings). Indeed, with the identified patterns, including the positive/negative opinions and the latent variable that influences salary, we can effectively carry out opinion analysis and salary prediction. Extensive experiments were conducted on a real-world data set to validate the effectiveness of CPCTR. The results show that our method provides a comprehensive understanding of company characteristics and delivers a more effective prediction of salaries than other baselines.
Temporal and spatial variation in nitrogen fixation activity in the eelgrass Zostera marina rhizosphere

A perfusion technique for measuring nitrogen fixation in the eelgrass rhizosphere was developed and used to investigate the patterns and controls of nitrogen fixation in sediment cores containing live eelgrass Zostera marina plants collected from the Limfjord, Denmark. Detailed temporal and spatial patterns of acetylene reduction were consistent with the hypothesis that heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in the eelgrass rhizosphere is stimulated by organic root exudates derived from plant photosynthesis. Nitrogen fixation activity was approximately 3 x higher in vegetated than unvegetated sediments, and showed strong seasonal patterns and differences in light-dark incubations that corresponded to variations in plant productivity. Rates in both the light and dark were lowest in the winter months, and increased steadily through the spring and summer to a peak activity in August that coincided with the maximum eelgrass aboveground biomass. Light-incubated cores had significantly higher rates (25 to 40%) than those incubated in the dark during the growth season, and this difference was greatest during the summer months when plant productivity was highest. Nitrogen fixation activity also showed strong (5-fold) spatial variation with depth in the eelgrass root zone, with highest rates corresponding to the largest root+rhizome biomass and correlating with seasonal changes in belowground biomass distribution. Additions of glucose or NH4+ showed that the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were limited by organic substrate and were not sensitive to NH4+ concentrations. Molybdate additions indicated that sulfate reducers were responsible for about 25% of the nitrogen fixation activity in the eelgrass rhizosphere. Overall, daily nitrogen fixation rates integrated to a depth of 14 cm in the sediment (1 to 6 mg N m-2 d-') were comparable to rates measured in other temperate seagrass meadows, but were lower than those determined for tropical seagrass beds.
The design of 4-band symmetric orthogonal wavelet system with compact support

By a simple method, we propose the parameterization form of the scaling filter corresponding to 4-band symmetric orthogonal wavelet system with compact support, then derive the one of the corresponding filter bank by the extension of orthogonal matrix. Applying this parameterization form of the scaling filter, we can construct 4-band symmetric orthogonal scaling functions with compact support, furthermore, the corresponding wavelets can be obtained by the one of the corresponding filter bank.
Adherence to growth hormone therapy: results of a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adherence to growth hormone (GH) therapy and identify the influencing factors and outcomes in children. METHODS A total of 217 GH-naïve patients in 6 pediatric endocrinology clinics were enrolled in the study. Structured questionnaires were filled out and patients were evaluated at the initiation and 3rd, 6th, and 12th months of therapy. Patients were categorized into 4 adherence segments based on percentage of doses omitted at each evaluation period, classified as excellent if 0%, good if 5%, fair if 5 to 10%, and poor if > 10%. RESULTS There was a decrement in adherence to GH therapy during the study period (P = .006). Patients who showed excellent and good adherence to therapy had better growth velocity and growth velocity standard deviation scores (SDSs) (P = .014 and P = .015, respectively). A negative correlation between growth velocity SDS and number of missed injections was also observed (r = -.412; P = .007). A positive correlation between delta insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) SDS and growth velocity was demonstrated (r = .239; P = .042). IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in patients who showed excellent and good adherence to therapy (P = .01). Adherence was better in boys than in girls (P = .035), but adherence rates were not associated with age, cause of GH treatment, socioeconomic status, person who administered the injections, type of injection device, or GH product. CONCLUSION Poor adherence to GH therapy was common in our group of patients and was one of the factors underlying suboptimal growth during therapy. Before considering other problems that can affect growth, clinicians should confirm good adherence to therapy.
Quinolinic acid lesions of the caudate putamen in the rat lead to a local increase of ciliary neurotrophic factor

When applied prior to excitotoxic lesions, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been shown to be neuroprotective. However, data concerning the endogenous CNTF content of the intact rat striatum are rare and have not until now been available for the quinolinic acid (QA)‐lesioned striatum. Therefore, we investigated the CNTF content in the QA‐lesioned rat striatum for at least 1 month using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In lesioned striata a neuronal loss was observed by Nissl staining and by a reduction of NeuN‐immunoreactive cells, whereas increased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity showed a gliotic reaction. With CNTF immunohistochemistry we found that in the QA‐lesioned striatum CNTF was increased over time, whereas it was not detectable in intact and sham‐lesioned striata. CNTF‐immunoreactive cells had the morphology of protoplasmatic astrocytes. Furthermore, quantitative Western blotting demonstrated that the content of CNTF protein from striatal lysates containing 1 mg of whole protein 1 month after QA lesioning (2.76 ± 1.71 ng) was significantly increased (P < 0.05, U‐test) compared with sham‐lesioned hemispheres (0.68 ± 0.25 ng) and intact controls (0.55 ± 0.25 ng). We conclude that CNTF content is correlated with glial scar formation and suggest that our results may be of relevance to cell grafting strategies for the treatment of Huntington's disease.
Internalized Homophobia, Lesbian Identity Development, and Self-Esteem in Undergraduate Women

Abstract This study examined the relationship between internalized homophobia, self-esteem, and lesbian identity development in 35 undergraduate women. Results indicated evidence of a strong relationship between the two identity development measures, the Stage Allocation Measure (SAM; Cass, 1984) and the Gay Identity Questionnaire (GIQ; Brady & Busse, 1994), and moderate relationships between identity development and internalized homophobia, between identity development and self-esteem, and between internalized homophobia and self-esteem. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
MAINSTREAMING? The case of Hungary on the road to an enlarged Europe

The aim of this article is to analyse some of the core conceptual and implementation issues underpinning the process of introducing gender mainstreaming strategy in Hungary. It examines the approach of Hungarian policy makers to gender mainstreaming and evaluates the political framing of some crucial aspects of gender equality. Our argument in this article is twofold. First, we observe that the concept of gender mainstreaming as a cross-sectoral and comprehensive policy tool for achieving gender equality has only been sporadically present and this has mostly been located at the rhetorical level. Hungary has no comprehensive gender equality strategy and no distinctive gender equality policy instruments currently in place. Rather, the promotion of equal opportunity on all grounds has become a powerful policy approach in the last two to three years, often neglecting the specific requirements of gender equality. Secondly, we argue that the influence of the European Union (EU) accession process has had two stages, as far as gender equality policy is concerned in Hungary. The first stage, has referred primarily to the de jure harmonization of Hungarian legislation with relevant EU directives, but has brought very little harmonization at the policy level, and brought limited de facto realization of the rights imposed by the directives. The second stage, identified from mid-2003, is coterminous with Hungary joining the different EU level policy processes. This second stage signaled a shift from legislative harmonization to a more focused policy approach. This stage may be characterized as a direct process of EU-isation on Hungarian policy concepts and tools, such as gender mainstreaming. However, it is too early to judge the practical implications of this development.
Persistence of innovative activities in times of crisis: the case of the Basque Country

ABSTRACT By drawing on a large sample of Spanish manufacturing and service sector firms, the changes in firms’ innovation expenditures that have taken place since the onset of the 2008 economic crisis are analysed, as is the relationship between such changes and the location of the company. Special focus is placed on firms in the Basque Country. Compared to other Spanish regions, the Basque Country differs in terms of its fiscal status, its earlier experience of crises, its innovation performance and its greater focus on innovation-related policies. Our results show that the impact of the crisis on firms’ innovation expenditures in the Basque Country has indeed differed from that in comparable Spanish regions. Even after controlling for sectoral differences and for detailed characteristics at the firm level, firms with R&D employment in the Basque Country showed a significantly lower probability of abandoning innovation activities and even a somewhat higher probability of increasing their innovation efforts. This regional effect is especially significant for small and medium-sized enterprises.