Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Land Input on Economic Growth at Different Stages of Development in Chinese Cities and Regions

Regional industrial structure and land use patterns differ between the different stages of development, and the impact of land input on economic growth may vary. On the basis of land supply data obtained from http://www.landchina. com/ for 2010–2015, this study used an econometric model to explore the impact of land input on the economic growth of Chinese cities and regions at the different stages of development. Empirical results show that the development of 352 cities and regions in China in 2015 can be divided into five stages; namely, primary production stage (PPS), primary industrialization stage (PIS), middle industrialization stage (MIS), later industrialization stage (LIS), and developed stage (DS). The economic growth of cities and regions at the LIS or DS was significantly dependent on capital and labor input rather than land input. The land input of cities and regions at PPS, PIS, and MIS significantly promoted economic growth. This article enriches the study of regional economic growth and is beneficial to further understanding of the impact of land input on the economic growth of China.
Rate-0.96 LDPC Decoding VLSI for Soft-Decision Error Correction of NAND Flash Memory

The reliability of data stored in high-density Flash memory devices tends to decrease rapidly because of the reduced cell size and multilevel cell technology. Soft-decision error correction algorithms that use multiple-precision sensing for reading memory can solve this problem; however, they require very complex hardware for high-throughput decoding. In this paper, we present a rate-0.96 (68254, 65536) shortened Euclidean geometry low-density parity-check code and its VLSI implementation for high-throughput NAND Flash memory systems. The design employs the normalized a posteriori probability (APP)-based algorithm, serial schedule, and conditional update, which lead to simple functional units, halved decoding iterations, and low-power consumption, respectively. A pipelined-parallel architecture is adopted for high-throughput decoding, and memory-reduction techniques are employed to minimize the chip size. The proposed decoder is implemented in 0.13-μm CMOS technology, and the chip size and energy consumption of the decoder are compared with those of a BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) decoding circuit showing comparable error-correcting performance and throughput.
Gatm, a creatine synthesis enzyme, is imprinted in mouse placenta

To increase our understanding of imprinting and epigenetic gene regulation, we undertook a search for new imprinted genes. We identified Gatm, a gene that encodes l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of creatine. In mouse, Gatm is expressed during development and is imprinted in the placenta and yolk sac, but not in embryonic tissues. The Gatm gene maps to mouse chromosome 2 in a region not previously shown to contain imprinted genes. To determine whether Gatm is located in a cluster of imprinted genes, we investigated the expression pattern of genes located near Gatm: Duox1-2, Slc28a2, Slc30a4 and a transcript corresponding to LOC214616. We found no evidence that any of these genes is imprinted in placenta. We show that a CpG island associated with Gatm is unmethylated, as is a large CpG island associated with a neighboring gene. This genomic screen for novel imprinted genes has elucidated a new connection between imprinting and creatine metabolism during embryonic development in mammals.
Rituximab improves the efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy with autograft for high-risk follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innnovative nei linfomi survey.

PURPOSE To investigate the impact of adding rituximab to intensive chemotherapy with peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) autograft for high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLB-CL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected from 10 centers associated with Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innnovative nei Linfomi for 522 patients with DLB-CL and 223 patients with FL (median age, 47 years) who received the original or a modified high-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy regimen. HDS was delivered to 396 patients without (R-) and to 349 patients with (R+) rituximab; 154 (39%) and 178 patients (51%) in the R- and R+ subsets, respectively, underwent HDS for relapsed/refractory disease. RESULTS A total of 355 R- (90%) and 309 R+ patients (88%) completed the final PBPC autograft. Early treatment-related mortality was 3.3% for R- and 2.8% for R+ (P = not significant). Two parameters significantly influenced the outcome: disease status at HDS, with 5-year overall survival (OS) projections of 69% versus 57% for diagnosis versus refractory/relapsed status, respectively, and rituximab addition, with 5-year OS of 69% versus 60% in the R+ versus R- groups, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, these two variables maintained an independent prognostic value. The marked benefit of rituximab was evident in patients receiving HDS as salvage treatment: the 5-year OS projections for R+ versus R- were, respectively, 64% versus 38%, for patients with refractory disease or early relapse and 71% versus 57%, for patients with late relapse, partial response, or second/third relapse. CONCLUSION The results of this large series indicate that rituximab should be included in the current practice of PBPC autograft for DLB-CL and FL.
Cellular proliferation in prostatic adenocarcinoma as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake and Ki‐67 and PCNA expression

Prostatic carcinomas vary in their biological potential, even when stratified by grade and stage. Measurement of cellular proliferation by various methods has been shown to correlate with outcome for several human cancers, including prostatic carcinoma. Uptake of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), a thymidine analogue, has been accepted as a measure of cellular proliferative rate. However, the technique is somewhat complex, requiring incubation with fresh tissue. We compared cellular proliferation as measured by BrdUrd uptake with two more simple immunohistochemical methods in 44 prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens and correlated the results with standard clinical parameters. The tissue was obtained via needle biopsy, channel transurethral resection, and radical prostatectomy. Specimens were incubated in vitro with BrdUrd and then fixed and paraffin embedded. Sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to BrdUrd, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki‐67. At least 1,000 cells were scored, and a labeling index (LI) was calculated (number of positive cells/total number of cells). The mean LI determined by all three indices was low (BrdUrd = 3.0, PCNA = 7.0, Ki‐67 = 3.4), consistent with the knowledge that prostatic tumors grow slowly. In 36 patients who had not been treated at the time of analysis, the LI as determined by all three methods correlated well with clinical stage and pathological grade. Furthermore, the LIs discriminated between those with tumor confined to the prostate and those with extension to the seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, or bone (P = 0.003, 0.004, 0.008 for BrdUrd, PCNA, and Ki‐67, respectively). The LIs for PCNA and Ki‐67 correlated well with that for BrdUrd (r = 0.84; r = 0.85), while the LIs for Ki‐67 and PCNA correlated slightly less well with each other (r = 0.78). PCNA and Ki‐67 expression appear to reflect essentially the same biological process as BrdUrd uptake. Either can substitute for BrdUrd as a measure of cellular proliferation, and Ki‐67 seems to offer the fewest technical problems.
Mardin in the Post-Tanzimat Era: Heritage, Changes and Formation of an Urban Landscape

Abstract This paper discusses how Tanzimat Reforms (1839-1876) transformed the architectural landscape of Mardin at the end of the 19 th century. Ottoman presence and authority in the urban landscape was symbolised by modern secular bureaucratic buildings such as the government palace, the government house, the town hall, the revenue office, the post office, prisons, banks, schools, hospitals and military barracks in this era. Tanzimat Reforms also had bearings on the vernacular architecture in Mardin. The granting of a modern system of equal citizenship in this era paved the way for the city’s Christian communities to establish several new churches and renovate existing ones. Ottoman elites sent from the centre, or new bureaucrats appointed from among local Muslim, Christian and Jewish communities, influential noble families, tradesmen and artisans commissioned elaborate domestic buildings. While indigenous architectural types and decorative styles are observed mostly in the elite houses and religious architecture, official and municipal buildings, commissioned by the patronage of centrally appointed bureaucrats, display predominantly neoclassical arrangement, the favoured style of the government buildings of the Tanzimat and post-Tanzimat eras of Ottoman Empire.
Analysis of injuries and causes of death in fatal farm-related incidents in Lower Silesia, Poland.

INTRODUCTION Workers in the agriculture sector are among the groups at the highest risk of fatal occupational injuries. The aim of study is to show the most common causes of farm-related deaths in Poland, with the circumstances, injuries sustained and mechanisms of death. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 109 (90.8%) males aged 19-81 and 11 females aged 19-73. 18.3% were over 60 years of age. There were 6 children (boys) aged between 2-6. A retrospective review was undertaken of 16,140 medico-legal autopsy reports by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Wroclaw between 1991-2011, which included 120 fatal farm-related incidents. The study protocol included gender, age, date and cause of death, all injuries found, circumstances and mechanism of death, place of death and blood alcohol concentration. RESULTS The most common (33/120; 27.5%) causes of death, both in men and women, were traffic accidents, the second being hit, crushed or buried by materials and falling objects. The most common injury was multi-organ damage (27/120; 22.5%), less common were cranio-cerebral injury (17/120; 14.2%) and thoracic blunt trauma (11/120; 9.2%). In multi-organ and thoracic traumas the mechanism of death was almost always exsanguinations. 85.3% of victims died at the place found. 37.2% of victims were drunk. CONCLUSION In Poland, fatal injuries occurring in agriculture are mostly related to the misuse of transport and machinery. The main efforts to prevent accidents are engineering improvements, use of personal protective equipment, alcohol intake prevention and appropriate education of the workforce. Special prevention programmes should take gender and age differences into account.
6-Mercaptopurine Metabolite Levels in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objectives Some authors suggest that efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease correlates with circulating 6-thioguanine (6-TG) levels more than 235 pmol/8 × 10 8 red blood cells. The authors evaluated the relation between 6-MP metabolite levels and disease activity in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods Clinical status and hematologic and hepatic parameters were determined in 101 children with inflammatory bowel diseasefrom a single center and compared with 6-MP metabolite levels. Results There was a trend for higher 6-TG levels among patients in remission than among those with active disease (217 vs. 173); however the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). The likelihood of therapeutic response did not increase significantly at 6-TG levels greater than 235 pmol/8 × 10 8 red blood cells (odds ratio 1.7;P = 0.1). In the current study, 58% of patients in remission had 6-TG levels less than 235. However, serial measurements of 6-MP metabolite levels in 50 patients with active disease showed that increasing 6-TG levels correlated significantly with disease remission in patients followed up longitudinally (P = 0.04). Leukopenia was significantly associated with high 6-TG levels (P = 0.03) but not with clinical response (P = 0.2). Conclusions These data suggest that the target range of 6-TG levels previously described by others did not apply to 58% of the pediatric patients with IBD in remission. However, serial monitoring of 6-MP metabolite levels in individual patients with active disease should allow dose escalation and induction of remission while minimizing the risk of toxicity.
Full Steam Ahead or Abandon Ship? An Empirical Investigation of Complete Pivot Decisions

New products or services often misalign with customer preferences, and sometimes these initial offerings must be abandoned and replaced. Factors influencing these “complete pivot” decisions are poorly understood. We use behavioral decision theory to develop a theoretical model of pivot decisions that tests our predictions via a conjoint analysis experiment. We find that magnitude of the miss (revenues compared to plan), length of the runway (cash available/burn rate), and attribution for the miss (reason for customer misreads) significantly influence complete pivot decisions, and we simultaneously consider interactions. Individual grit and impulsiveness also shape the effects of some attributes.
Akinetic‐rigid syndrome in a 13‐year‐old girl with HIV‐related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A 13‐year‐old HIV‐ infected girl presented with a rapidly progressive akineticrigid syndrome. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral centrum semiovale lesions extending into the basal ganglia. Detailed histopathological study of a biopsy specimen from the involved regions resulted in a diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). This case illustrates that an akinetic‐rigid syndrome may be a rare presentation of PML. HIV‐related PML may have unusual radiological features. Brain biopsy may be necessary to confirm PML in cases associated with atypical clinical and radiological presentations.
The impact of intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor Genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine

Qualitative methodology was utilized to explore the perceptions and experiences of the Holodomor Genocide and its intergenerational impact on three generations in 15 Ukrainian families. Each family included a genocide survivor, an adult child, and adult grandchild of the same family line. Based on the thematic analysis of 45 semi-structured interviews, conducted in Ukraine, three super-ordinate themes were identified: (i) emotions, behaviours and mental well-being; (ii) loss; and (iii) family functioning. Within the three super-ordinate themes, all generations spoke of the impact. Therefore, the data suggest that the impact of intergenerational trauma, stemming from the Holodomor Genocide of 1932-1933, still exerts substantial effects on adult children and grandchildren of survivors. The findings further suggest that intergenerational trauma is transmitted through the family and through the environment, external to the family unit.
Assessment of trace elements concentrations in Western reef heron (Egretta gularis) from southern Iran

The purpose of this article was to investigate the levels of metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc, in Western reef heron (Egretta gularis) (n = 15) in order to (1) examine the sex-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) determine the significant differences between the metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Bird samples were collected from throughout the Hara biosphere reserve of southern Iran, during November and December 2010 and the concentration of metals were measured using a Shimadzu AA 680 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The overall cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations means were measured as 0.8 ± 0.1, 3.4 ± 1.1, and 29.4 ± 12.9 μg/g for kidney; 0.7 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.5, and 65.9 ± 20.7 μg/g for liver; and 0.2 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 17.6 ± 12.9 μg/g for pectoral muscle, respectively. The results showed that with the exception of cadmium in liver, there were no significant differences between males and females (t test, p > 0.05). In the contrast, the results indicated metal concentrations differed significantly in kidneys, livers, and pectoral muscles among tissues in Western reef heron (one-way analysis of variance, p < 0.001).
Leakage-Based Hybrid Transceiver Design for Millimeter Wave Multi-User Interference Channel

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is envisioned as a potential technology for next generation mobile communication as it can offer multi-gigabit-per-second data rate and a huge unlicensed spectrum. In this paper, we present a signal leakage-based low-complexity hybrid analog-digital transceiver design for a mmWave communication system operating in a K-user MIMO interference channel. Owing to higher cost and power consumption of components at mmWave frequencies, optimal system design with reduced hardware and computational complexity is critical to make the commercial use of mmWave communication viable. We achieve reduced hardware complexity of the proposed design by employing sparse approximation techniques for large antenna array. The proposed design is based on the maximization of signal- to-leakage-plus-noise ratio (SLNR) for all users. This leads to the reduced computational complexity of the overall system. Numerical results comparing the proposed design with existing iterative solution demonstrate that it can achieve comparable performance with reduced hardware and computational complexity. Performance of the proposed design with various dictionaries considered for beamforming has also been compared and illustrated in the simulation results.
Staging of adult smokers according to the transtheoretical model of behavioural change: analysis of an eastern Ontario cohort.

OBJECTIVES 1) To describe the distribution of adult smokers in an existing cohort according to stages of change theory; and 2) to compare movements of these smokers through the stages of change. DESIGN Secondary analysis of existing cohort data. SETTING Eastern Ontario. PARTICIPANTS Adult smokers who: 1) enrolled in a Quit & Win Challenge, or 2) received smoking cessation information (Quit Kit) from their area health unit, or 3) were randomly selected by telephone survey. RESULTS 706 smokers were recruited and followed for one year. Only 2% of the adult smokers selected by random telephone survey were in the "action" stage at baseline, compared with 14% of the Quit and Win Challenge participants, and 14% of the Quit Kit recipients. Variations in movement through the stages of change were observed between groups upon follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a need to use stage-matched approaches when developing population-based smoking cessation interventions.
Successful Reduction for a Pediatric Chronic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation (Grisel syndrome) With Long-term Halter Traction: Case Report

Study Design. Clinical case report of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) in a girl presenting with torticollis and neck pain. Objective. To report this rare case that was successfully treated with long-term traction and a brace. Summary of Background Data. AARF is a rare kind of subluxation that is a pathologic fixation of the atlas on the axis. It is most common in pediatric patients and is usually reduced easily with conservative treatments only in the acute stage. However, previously reported chronic AARFs have usually been treated with operative reductions. Although high success rates have been achieved with operative reduction in chronic cases of AARF, even successful operative reduction may result in significant neck motion limitation. Methods. A 9-year-old girl had torticollis of more than 3 months duration develop as a result of an upper respiratory infection. Dynamic computerized tomography showed consistent fixation of the atlantoaxial joint consistent with type 1 AARF according to the classification of Li and Pang. The patient was treated with halter traction of 5-lb weight for 6 weeks, and with a brace for 4 months and collar for 2 months. Results. We successfully treated this patient with chronic AARF only with cervical traction. She had full recovery of neck motion and normal atlantoaxial angle on follow-up computerized tomography after 6 months. Conclusion. From this case, we suggest that long-term traction could be another treatment method for chronic AARF, especially in children.
Melatonin reverses tunicamycin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and improves cytotoxic response to doxorubicin by increasing CHOP and decreasing Survivin

Chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with multiple cellular responses to environmental stresses, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. Nevertheless, whether ER stress resulting from nutrient deprivation and tumor hypoxia contributes to drug resistance remains unclear. Melatonin increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma in our previous studies. However, the effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in HCC have not been tested. The effect of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response during resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells against doxorubicin was investigated in this study. Pretreatment of HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cells (two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines) with tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, drastically decreased the rate of apoptosis generated by doxorubicin. Interestingly, co‐pretreatment with tunicamycin and melatonin significantly increased apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. Simultaneously, the expression of phosphorylated AKT (p‐AKT) was elevated in HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cells given tunicamycin but reduced in the presence of melatonin. Furthermore, consistent with inhibition of AKT activation by using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, melatonin elevated the levels of CHOP (C/EBP‐homologous protein) and reduced the levels of Survivin (a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family)suggesting that inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway by melatonin‐reversed ER stress‐induced resistance to doxorubicin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These results demonstrate that melatonin attenuates ER stress‐induced resistance to doxorubicin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down‐regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, increasing the levels of CHOP and decreasing the levels of Survivin.
Using Flipgrid to develop social learning

Flipgrid is an online video discussion platform designed to empower learners and facilitate social interaction between students. This paper reviews the use of Flipgrid to develop social learning with a cohort of undergraduate students at the University of Central Lancashire. Strengths and weaknesses of the Flipgrid platform are outlined, as well as potential barriers to its use, and future plans for incorporating it in teaching and learning.
Crisis risk measurements – trade with credit default swaps against measurements of the capital trade dynamics

This study represents the increasing significance of credit default swaps for European capital markets, namely Germany, France, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania. The period of analysis is between 2003- 2016 years. After developing a theoretical and empirical framework to model the relationship between credit default swap market and capital market, we apply an empirical research which uses logistic regression. Our dataset assesses the ability of CDS to predict financial crisis at stock markets. Regarding sovereign credit default swaps as reflection of credit risk, we find them to be a significant indicator explaining the periods proceeding financial crises, especially to developed capital markets.