Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between morphological and physiological attributes of hop hornbeam seedlings

Most commonly used morphological attributes were correlated with nu- trient concentration in order to standardize quality assessment of two-year-old hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) seedlings. Diameter has proven to be the best single morphological indicator of seedling quality given its strong positive correla- tion with all other observed morphological attributes. Seedling dry mass (shoot and root dry mass) and Dickson Quality Index can be considered the most comprehen- sive indicators of hop hornbeam seedling quality. However, the measuring of mass is destructive and requires a certain amount of time. The absence of strong correla- tions between physiological and morphological attributes of two-year old seedlings of hop hornbeam suggests the need for further research. The only significant corre - lation between physiological and morphological attributes (weak and positive) was recorded between the potassium concentration in root and root collar diameter after the second growing season.
The prevalence and patterns of usage of Ayurveda, Unani and home remedies in younger adults of rural North India

Introduction: The study was conducted to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of Ayurveda, Unani medicines and folk medicine in comparison to the drug from the modern system (allopathy system) in rural areas of Mewat, Haryana. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional questionnaire-based community survey. The 300 healthy adult male volunteers more than 18 years of age participated in the survey in city Nuh of the district Mewat after obtaining the oral consent. All the participants were literate. Main Outcome Measures: The participants were asked about the experiences with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) medications in four different categories. Firstly; their preferences for using Ayurvedic, Unani, herbal, dietary supplements, home remedies or any other external preparation for disease. Second, whether they took the medicine by their own initiative, AYUSH doctor, Pharmacist and on recommendation of any other friend and family members. Third, perceived experiences of the medication taken as effects, side effects and do not know. Fourth, the conditions for which the medication was taken. Results: There was widespread utilization of Ayurveda (62%), Unani (74%) and other traditional therapies (76%) alternatively or complementarily for the different afflictions. The CAM was preferred by 60% of the respondents and 71% consider it to be more effective over allopathy. The majority (83%) sought the CAM treatment on family and friend’s recommndations. Conclusions: The CAM therapies have more acceptability in the general public because of their perceived high safety, lesser cost and accessible to the general public. However, the health-care infrastructure for providing acceptable CAM therapy is still lacking.
On the concept of will in L.S. Vygotsy`s work

This article presents the results of an investigation which aimed to identify the theoretical notions devel� oped by L.S. Vygotsky on the theme of will, trying to observe them on the context of the scientific work of researchers involved in culturalhistorical investigations. The research was guided by a bibliographical method. The results indicate that L.S. Vygotsky drew the attention to the human capacity of volitional con� trol of higher psychic functions. The author also showed that the human being lives in society and, as a result, he is under the influence of other people through the relationships that are established by language. For L.S. Vygotsky, language is one of the most powerful ways of influence on the conduct of other people, and, dialectally, to orient their behavior; because of this, language is, mainly, a fundamental psychological instru� ment of mediation to the constitution of will. It is highlighted that the conception of will in focus manifests the freedom of the human being, which occurs under conditions of awareness of the need to elect among different options that are presented to the person. Auxiliary motives, culturally created, help the person in the act of choosing. Will has as its basis the creativity and imagination of each person, and the social environment with� in the person participates reveals itself as a constitutive element of human will.
Study of the efflux velocity induced by two propellers

Present analysis is related with seabed erosion caused during docking and undocking maneuvering. Twin propellers without rudder were studied using a physical model with a fixed clearance distance and three different rotating velocities. Experimental results were compared to theoretical expressions of the efflux velocity, axial velocity and finally maximum bed velocity. Efflux velocity equations overestimate the experimental results, whereas axial velocity computed using the Dutch method fits reasonably well the experimental data. However, when maximum bed velocity expressions are compared to experimental results, German method behaves better with an over estimation if a quadratic superposition of the single jets is used.
Fundamentals of data assimilation applied to biogeochemistry

Abstract. This article lays out the fundamentals of data assimilation as used in biogeochemistry. It demonstrates that all of the methods in widespread use within the field are special cases of the underlying Bayesian formalism. Methods differ in the assumptions they make and information they provide on the probability distributions used in Bayesian calculations. It thus provides a basis for comparison and choice among these methods. It also provides a standardised notation for the various quantities used in the field.
SOIL SOLARIZATION: A MANAGEMENT PRACTICE FOR MYCOTOXINS IN CORN

Strategies for the management of mycotoxins in corn using soil solarization alone and in combination with soil amendments (farm yard manure, chicken farm yard manure, neem leaves and biokhad) were developed at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. Experiments with soil solarization showed a pronounced reduction in weed population soon after removal of the transparent polyethylene sheets. Solarization controlled weeds (98.5%), increased soil temperature by 11.5 o C over non-solarized soil at 10 cm depth, reduced soil-borne pests, reduced ear rot diseases (72.5%), conserved moisture, increased the availability of essential nutrients in the soil and hence enhanced the growth of corn plants. Soil solarization was found an effective method in controlling ear rots. In treated plots, grain yield was more than double due to pathogen control, enhanced available nutrients in the soil as well as no competition with weeds. Soil solarization applied with transparent polyethylene film was found the most effective in reducing the incidence of corn ear rots and consequently reduced mycotoxins (fumonisins and aflatoxins) in fields and stored corn. We can avoid the hazardous/ poisonous effects of different chemicals on plant and animal life and thus, soil solarization technology could be used for the management of mycotoxins in food grains in future.
Effect of in-service training on effective classroom control and teachers’–students’ relationship in secondary schools in Edo central senatorial district

This study investigated effects of in-service training on effective classroom control and teachers’students’ relationship in secondary schools in Edo State. A descriptive survey using an ex-post facto research design was adopted. Stratified and simple sampling techniques were utilized to determine the sample size. The respondents were two hundred and eighty (280) principals, vice principals and heads of department from selected public secondary schools in Edo Central Senatorial District. The instrument for data collection was a 10 item structured questionnaire. Data were collected and analysed using percentages and frequency counts. The instrument for data collection was a 10 item structured questionnaire. The findings of the study showed that in-service training has significantly affects effective classroom control and teachers’-students’ relationship. It was therefore recommended that in-service training should be regularly organized for teachers in secondary schools.
Assessment and Management of Human African Trypanosomiasis Propagation using Geospatial Techniques

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a chronic and acute vector-borne disease. The propagation of the disease has been linked to environmental factors, and understanding the vector’s habitat is vital to its control. The a v ailable medications for HAT are dated, lethal and expensive, but biological control of the vector has been successful in some endemic foci. Nevertheless, recently the disease has re-emerged and spread and its management remains demanding. To manage and control the disease effectively, precise, up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of its spatial characteristics is essential. This study is based in HAT endemic foci of Delta State, Nigeria. The study applied a geospatially developed HAT vector habitat classification scheme to assess the vulnerability level of settlements affected by HAT. In addition, factors influencing HAT propagation and land cover suitability for HAT Vector within HAT vector Habitat Zones were investigated and assessed in a geographic information system environment. The aim was to present HAT endemic countries with strategy for mapping and deriving precise, timely and life saving data/information from HAT vector habitat. The study emphasizes the importance of geospatial techniques where there are dearths of epidemiological data, for improving perceptive of HAT. The study findings suggested propagation of HAT resulted from suitability of water bodies, shrub and less-dense forest for the HAT vector, and continued exposure of human populations to these land cover classes. Overlapping of HAT vector habitat zones within built-up areas was also a cause. This novel approach can also be used in other part of Nigeria as well as adapted to investigate other diseases. Keywords: Trypanosomiasis, Geospatial, Propagation, Epidemiological, HAT
Numerical Simulation of Geotechnical Problems by Coupled Finite and Infinite Elements

In geotechnical engineering, numerical simulation of problems is of great importance. This work proposes a new formulation of coupled finite-infinite elements which can be used in numerical simulation of geotechnical problems in both static and dynamic conditions. Formulation and various implementation aspects of the proposed coupled finite-infinite elements are carefully discussed. To the authors' knowledge, this approach that considers coupled finite-infinite elements is more efficient in the sense that appropriate and accurate results are obtained by using less elements. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach is considered by comparing the obtained results with analytical and numerical results. In a static case, the problem of circular domain of infinite length is considered. In a dynamic case, one dimensional wave propagation problems arising from the Heaviside step function and impulse functions are considered. In order to get a more complete picture, two dimensional wave propagation in a circular quarter space is considered and the results are presented. Finally, a soil-structure interaction system subjected to seismic excitation is analyzed. In the analysis of soil-structure interaction phenomenon, frames with different number of storeys and soil media with various stiffness characteristics have been taken into consideration. In the analysis, the finite element software ANSYS has been used. For the newly developed infinite element, the programming has been done by the help of the User Programmable Features of the ANSYS software, which enable creating new elements in the ANSYS software.
Factors affecting spatial variability in seine net catches of fish in the surf zone of False Bay, South Africa

Ichthyofaunal assemblages at 11 surf zone localities along the perimeter of False Bay South Afnca were sampled by seine netting at monthly intervals between July 1991 and June 1993 Sampllng localit~es were selected to encompass as wide a range of physical vanables as possible incorporatlng sheltered, exposed, sandy and mixed-shore habitats, thus providing a colnprehensive assessment of the factors lnfluenclng surf zone fish assemblages Data collected at each site were averaged over the 2 yr p e i ~ o d in order to highlight the influence of various physical environnlental vanables on the abundance and co~nmunity structure ot these assemblages Athenr~a brevlceps, Liza rlchardsonii and Rhahdosarg~ls g loh~ceps were numeiically domlnant at all sites together providing between 69 and 99%) of the catches Overall catches of juvenile flsh exceeded that ot adult fish, making up almost 53 of the catch Fish abundance (no ind per 100 m') and number of species recorded at each site ranged from 6 to 199 and from 12 to 31 respectivel) Multivdriate analyses Indicated that the deglee of wave exposure the presencc of emergent rock on the shore dnd turbid~ty were responsible for most of the spa t~a l vanab~l i ty in abundance and community structure observed Although of lesser importance abundance of detached macrophytes salinity dnd water temperature also played a role in structuring fish assemblages Species specific preferences for varying combinations of these var~ables are responsible for fluctuations in the structure and overall abundance of assemblages in different a r e a
DETERMINANTS OF INFORMAL SAVINGS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA / LES DÉTERMINANTS DE L'ÉPARGNE NON INSTITUTIONNELLE DANS LE SUDOUEST DU NIGÉRIA

The paper discusses the determinants of informal savings in Southwestern Nigeria using the linear probability model and multiple regression technique. It utilizes cross-section data generated from a survey conducted by the authors between October and November 1989 on the savings habit and utilization in the informal sector. The empirical results revealed that savings behaviour in the informal financial sector is affected by income, age, occupation, education and region of residence. They showed that the self-employed, less educated and rural population identified more with informal savings and had a higher informal savings ratio. The two cardinal variables from economic theory (income and age) accounted for the bulk of the variation in the level of informal savings. The empirical results confirm that marginal propensity to save informally is positive, less than one; but the absolute income hypothesis that marginal propensity to save is greater than average propensity to save in the informal financial sector is contradicted. The result suggests that with a rising income, the average propensity to save informally declines while, presumably, the fraction of income saved increases in the formal sector. Evidence of people becoming more thrifty was also established, but savings of this kind was not really and could not have been motivated by the reason of saving-up towards retirement. In the process of capital accumulation, a conclusion of the paper is that savings policy should target the self-employed in the informal sector. Another conclusion reached by the paper is that any policy that succeeds in achieving increased earnings in the informal sector has a tendency of increasing the propensity to save in the formal financial sector, even at the expense of the informal one.
THE FINANCIAL COMPENSATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZILIAN MUNICIPALITIES FLOODED BY HYDROELECTRIC DAMS

Enhancing the Development of localities affected by hydroelectric dams have been discussed in technical and academic literature recently. One of the legal instruments seen as a promoter of local development is the Financial Compensation (CF in Portuguese). In this context, a question that arises is if CF is associated to the development of Brazilian municipalities flooded by hydroelectric dams. Based on a correlation analysis between the values obtained by the financial compensation and the performance of 155 human development variables, it was verified that, during 2000-2010, for 600 flooded municipalities, there were negatives associations between values of CF and values of development variables. When segregating the data per region, only the North and Northeast regions showed positive associations, which seems to be related to a different institutional environment, in relation to the application of municipal resources. The CF is an important instrument that needs to be improved regarding its formal rules and enforcements, from an institutional perspective. Nevertheless, it can be inferred that informal rules as also regional dynamics can determine the development of territories due to absence of effective formal rules.
Water-soluble atmospheric HULIS in urban environments

Water-soluble atmospheric HULIS in urban environments C. Baduel, D. Voisin, and J.-L. Jaffrezo Université Joseph Fourier – Grenoble 1/CNRS – INSU, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, rue Molière, 38402 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France Received: 20 August 2009 – Accepted: 21 September 2009 – Published: 14 October 2009 Correspondence to: D. Voisin (didier.voisin@ujf-grenoble.fr) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Antioxidant effect of vitamin E on motility, viability and lipid peroxidation of cattle spermatozoa under oxidative stress

Vitamin E is one of the major membrane protectants against reactive oxygen species ( ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The study aimed at determining the optimum dose of vitamin E to reverse free radical-mediated oxidative damage on motility, viability and LPO of bulls’sperm. Fresh semen of five local crossbred bulls was suspended in 2.9% sodium citrate, divided into equal fractions and subjected to vitamin E treatment (0, 1, 2, 2.5 mM) in the presence or absence of oxidative stress inducer, i.e ferrous ascorbate (FeAA, containing 150 μM FeSO4 and 750 μM ascorbic acid). All sperm suspensions were incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Treatment with FeAA reduced sperm motility and viability, but increased the LPO. All doses of vitamin E increased sperm motility and viability, but reduced LPO. However, 2 mM vitamin E was most effective. In conclusion, vitamin E reduced the LPO caused by FeAA, and improved sperm motility and viability in vitro under induced oxidative stress.
Spatio-temporal variability of snow water equivalent in the extra-tropical Andes Cordillera from distributed energy balance modeling and remotely sensed snow cover

Abstract. Seasonal snow cover is the primary water source for human use and ecosystems along the extratropical Andes Cordillera. Despite its importance, relatively little research has been devoted to understanding the properties, distribution and variability of this natural resource. This research provides high-resolution (500 m), daily distributed estimates of end-of-winter and spring snow water equivalent over a 152 000 km2 domain that includes the mountainous reaches of central Chile and Argentina. Remotely sensed fractional snow-covered area and other relevant forcings are combined with extrapolated data from meteorological stations and a simplified physically based energy balance model in order to obtain melt-season melt fluxes that are then aggregated to estimate the end-of-winter (or peak) snow water equivalent (SWE). Peak SWE estimates show an overall coefficient of determination R2 of 0.68 and RMSE of 274 mm compared to observations at 12 automatic snow water equivalent sensors distributed across the model domain, with R2 values between 0.32 and 0.88. Regional estimates of peak SWE accumulation show differential patterns strongly modulated by elevation, latitude and position relative to the continental divide. The spatial distribution of peak SWE shows that the 4000–5000 m a.s. l. elevation band is significant for snow accumulation, despite having a smaller surface area than the 3000–4000 m a.s. l. band. On average, maximum snow accumulation is observed in early September in the western Andes, and in early October on the eastern side of the continental divide. The results presented here have the potential of informing applications such as seasonal forecast model assessment and improvement, regional climate model validation, as well as evaluation of observational networks and water resource infrastructure development.
Efficay of a Probiotic Lactobacillus as a Biocontrol Agent and Plant Growth promoting Bacteria by controlling Xanthomonas campestris infection in Chilli plant

Leaf spot of chilli plant is caused by bacteria belonging to several species in the genus Xanthomonas especially Xanthomonas campestris. Infected chilli plant were collected from local area of Coimbatore and were processed for isolation, identification and characterisation of Xanthomonas. Lactobacillus sp, a probiotics bacteria found mainly associated with milk products was isolated from raw cow milk sample and were subjected to morphological and biochemical characteristics. The cultures supernatant of isolated Lactobacillus sp obtained from the bacteriocin producer strain were tested for the antibacterial activity against isolates of Xanthomonas campestris by agar well diffusion assay. The chilli seeds treated seeds with Lactobacillus sp showed inhibitory activity against Xanthomona campestris strain which determined the in vitro efficacy of LAB as biocontrol and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria.
CT guided lung biopsy complications: a single centre prospective study

Background: Computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of lung is a routine procedure in patients with suspected malignant lung lesions which are either peripheral or not amenable to biopsy on fibreoptic bronchoscopy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted to obtain complication rates based on patient and physician experience after CT guided lung biopsy of central and peripheral lung lesions.Results: In our study 96 patients were included with 78 patients with peripheral and 18 patients having central lung lesions. The reported post procedural complication rates of CT guided lung biopsy were pulmonary haemorrhage 33.3 %, pneumothorax 21.9%, haemoptysis 15.6%, cough 6.3%, haemothorax 3.1% and fever 3.1%. Two patients required inter costal tube drainage. There was no reported mortality of CT guided lung biopsy in our centre.Conclusions: Pulmonary haemorrhage and pneumothorax are the most common complications of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of the lung, the former one is common with central and the latter one with peripheral lung lesions.
‘My Bed or Our Bed?’: Gendered Negotiations in the Sleep of Same-Sex Couples

Sexuality as well as gender can be added to the range of socio-structural factors that influence the social patterning of sleep. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with 20 women and men aged between 45 – 65 years in same-sex couple relationships to examine how they negotiate their sleeping arrangements. The paper contends that gender differences are evident in how these negotiations are played out in the bedroom with women and men in same-sex relationships mirroring some of the patterns demonstrated in the research about women and men in opposite-sex couple relationships. However there are also differences, both between the same-sex women and men, and also when compared with the research concerned with the sleep negotiations between opposite-sex couples. These differences relate to the strategies used in managing a same-sex coupled identity with sharing a bed part of this management.