Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Revised Treatment Approach for Hospitalized Patients with Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

OBJECTIVES The choice of treatment according to the inflammation type in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has been of recent interest. This study investigated the role of novel biomarkers, hospital outcomes, and readmission rates in the first month in patients with eosinophilic or neutrophilic AECOPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study in a Chest Teaching Hospital with hospitalized AECOPD patients. Subjects' characteristics, hemogram results, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet/mean platelet volume (PLT/MPV), length of hospital stay, mortality, and steroid use were recorded. Eosinophilic AECOPD defined as peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) was >2% and neutrophilic AECOPD as PBE ≤2%. Readmission within 28 days of discharge was recorded. RESULTS Of 2727(31.5% females) patients, eosinophilic AECOPD was found in 510 (18.7%) patients. Leucocytes, CRP, NLR, and PLR were significantly higher in neutrophilic AECOPD than in eosinophilic AECOPD (p<0.001). Steroid use and mortality rate were 45% and 0.6% in eosinophilic AECOPD and 71%, and 1.4% in neutrophilic AECOPD, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.19). Age >75 years, albumin <2.5 g/dL, CRP >50 mg/dL, and PLT/MPV <20×103 were found to be risks factors for hospital mortality (p<0.05 each). Readmission rates within 28 days of discharge were 5% (n=136), and this rate was higher in eosinophilic AECOPD patients not taking steroids (p<0.001). CONCLUSION NLR, PLR, and CRP levels were higher in neutrophilic AECOPD compared with eosinophilic AECOPD. These markers decreased with treatment in neutrophilic AECOPD. A PLT/MPV ratio of <20×103 resulted in an increased mortality rate. Thus, appropriate steroid therapy may reduce readmission rates in the first 28 days after discharge in eosinophilic AECOPD.
Introduction: Pediatric traumatic brain injury: New frontiers in clinical and translational research

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem among children and adolescents. Surveillance data reveal that 1 in every 20 emergency department presentations at pediatric hospitals is for a TBI, making TBI more common than burns or poisonings. For children, such injuries represent a common interruption to normal development, with population estimates ranging from 200 to over 500 per 100 000 a year, and with well-established variations across age and gender (Crowe et al., in press; Langlois et al., 2006). The majority of TBI in children and adolescents are mild, typically with few long-term consequences; however, a significant proportion of children will suffer more serious injuries and will experience a range of residual physical, cognitive, educational, functional, and social and emotional consequences, requiring the lifelong involvement of health professionals across a range of disciplines and leading to a significant social and economic burden for the children’s families and for the community more broadly (Cassidy et al., 2004). This book, New Frontiers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury, aims to evaluate what we have learned about TBI in childhood to date and, perhaps more importantly, to articulate the challenges we face and how we should go forward in the future. Over the past two or three decades, researchers and clinicians working with children with TBI have become aware that injuries to the developing brain cannot be understood or treated in exactly the same manner as those occurring in adulthood. Although we may be guided by science and practice in adult TBI, unique developmental and contextual issues need to be taken into account at all stages of recovery and treatment in children. Thus, a separate knowledge base is needed for pediatric TBI. As a consequence, until recently our understanding of recovery and outcomes in pediatric TBI has lagged behind that for adults. This is changing. Research in pediatric TBI now has more solid foundations. A number of principles have been established, some consistent with the adult literature, such as the predictive value of injury severity (Anderson et al., 2004; Taylor et al., 2008). Others are specific to early brain injury, such as the unique mechanics and characteristic pathology of inflicted injury in children (Coats & Margulies, 2006; Prange & Margulies, 2002), or reflect the importance of developmental and contextual factors, such as the age at injury, developmental stage of brain development, and functional maturation (Anderson et al., 2005; Taylor & Alden, 1997), the key role of the family, and implications of life tasks specific to children (Yeates et al., 1997).
Homogeneous Acylation and Regioselectivity of Cellulose with 2-Chloro-2-Phenylacetyl Chloride in Ionic Liquid

A cellulose acylate, cellulose-CPAC, was prepared homogeneously in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl chloride imidazole ([Bmim]Cl) from cotton dissolving pulp. The pulp was first solubilized in the solvent system [Bmim]Cl/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), and then reacted with 2-chloro-2-phenylacetyl chloride (CPAC) in the presence of an acid-binding agent. The effects of functional conditions including the molar ratio of CPAC/anhydroglucose unit (AGU), reaction time, reaction temperature, kind of acid-binding agent, and cellulose concentration on the degree of substitution (DS) were studied. The reactivities of the three hydroxyl groups in the homogeneous acylation of cellulose with CPAC were also investigated. The results showed that in homogeneous reaction medium, although all the C-6, C-3, and C-2 positions within the cellulose AGU could be substituted by CPAC, the reaction was quite selective for the C-6 OH. The successful synthesis of the cellulose-CPAC was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, XRD, and STA. Furthermore, the acylation of cellulose with CPAC decreased the thermal stability of cellulose.
Study of Fluconazole Release from O/W Cream and Water Soluble Ointment Bases

Aims: Study the release of fluconazole from different O/W creams and PEG ointments. Study Design: In this study, different formulations were prepared with changing one of the added excipients and study the effect of this change on the drug release and then the selected formulations were subjected to antifungal activity study. Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, between December 2011 and March 2012. Methodology: O/W creams were prepared with changing either fatty alcohol type or the concentration of the added emulsifying agent. Also, the PEG ointments were prepared with changing the type of the liquid PEG (low molecular weight). Then, the viscosity and the fluconazole release from the prepared formulations were studied. Results: Changing the fatty alcohol type from stearyl to cetostearyl and cetyl alcohol in the O/W creams caused an increase in the viscosity and a decrease in the drug release. Also, changing the liquid PEG from PEG 400 to PEG 600 resulted in an increase in the formulation viscosity and subsequent decrease in the drug release. Both F1 and F6 showed a good inhibition to the fungal growth against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyte using cup plate method, also PEG base showed a slight fungal growth inhibition. Conclusion: Results obtained showed that the PEG ointment formulations exhibited
Improving the Sound Absorption Capacity of Wood by Microwave Treatment

Microwave treatment (MW) was used to improve the sound absorption capacity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica wood. The effects of the processing parameters such as MW intensity, processing time, and board thickness on the sound absorption of treated wood were investigated. Microstructure changes of the wood after microwave treatment were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). It was found that the microwave treatment significantly enhanced the sound absorption capacity of the wood in the middle frequencies. The optimum microwave treatment parameters for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica wood to achieve an improved permeability are: MW intensity of 18 Kw, board thickness of 30 mm, and processing time of 80 s. The maximum sound absorption coefficient of treated wood was 0.51. Micro-voids were formed in treated wood due to the destruction of the pit membranes, the wood ray cells, as well as the damage in the intercellular layer of the longitudinal tracheids. The number of micro-voids ranging from 7427.6 nm to 400 um increased, resulting in the increase in the air permeability and in sound absorption by the treated wood.
Feature economy in sound systems

Feature economy is a principle of sound systems according to which languages tend to maximise the ratio of sounds over features. The major goal of this study is to confirm the predictions of feature economy at the synchronic level, using an objective sampling technique applied to a genetically and areally balanced sample of the world's languages. It also shows that feature economy can be used as a tool in phonological feature analysis, and offers voiced aspirates, voiceless sonorants and various types of glottalised sounds as illustrations. Feature economy applies not only to distinctive feature values, but to redundant values of features that are distinctive or phonologically active elsewhere in the system. Feature economy cannot be reduced to a purely phonetic principle of gesture economy, but may reflect a general principle of linguistic organisation according to which the active categories of a grammatical system tend to be used to maximal effect.
Four New Species of Limoniidae (Diptera, Nematocera) from the Inner-West Anatolian Subregion of Turkey

Abstract Four new species of Limoniidae (Diptera) are described from the Inner-West Anatolian subregion of Turkey (provinces of Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya and Uşak), and their male genitalia are illustrated for Ellipteroides (Protogonomyia) murati sp. nov., Molophilus (s.str.) aktashi sp. nov., Molophilus (s.str.) hasbenli sp. nov. and Orimarga (s.str.) attautena sp. nov. Characteristic features of the habitats of each species in the localities in which they were collected are given.
Simulating vision loss: What levels of impairment are actually represented?

Capability loss simulators give designers a brief experience of some of the functional effects of capability loss. They are an effective method of helping people to understand the impact of capability loss on product use. However, it is also important that designers know what levels of loss are being simulated and how they relate to the user population. The study in this paper tested the Cambridge Simulation Glasses with 25 participants to determine the effect of different numbers of glasses on a person's visual acuity. This data is also related to the glasses' use in usability assessment. A procedure is described for determining the number of simulator glasses with which the visual detail on a product is just visible. This paper then explains how to calculate the proportion of the UK population who would be unable to distinguish that detail.
Global City Frontiers: Singapore's Hinterland and the Contested Socio-political Geographies of Bintan, Indonesia

During the 1980s, Singapore's policy-makers perceived that the continued expansion of the Singapore economy required more spaces and workers beyond the 680-square-kilometre territorial limits of the city-state. While planning to extend these limits through further land reclamation, Singapore also began to foster economic cooperation with regional neighbours, most famously in the form of a so-called Growth Triangle incorporating proximate areas of Malaysia and Indonesia. The empirical focus of this article is on the tourist enclave developed on the Indonesian island of Bintan, a 45-minute ferry ride from Singapore. This enclave embodies complex re-territorializations. We specify how, despite a decade of re-fashioning zones of Bintan into quasi-enclaves and the literal and metaphorical cultivation of a tourist haven, other claims on these transfrontier zones resurfaced in the form of resistances and struggles over the terms of access to land and resources. It is argued that the trajectory of Bintan is symptomatic of wider transformations and epitomizes new configurations of sovereignty, urbanity and 'gated globalism'. Copyright (c) 2006 The Authors. Journal Compilation (c) 2006 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The Ability of Root Canal Cleaning and Shaping Procedures to Initiate Dentinal Radicular Microcracks

The ability of nickel-titanium rotary instruments to initiate dentinal defects during root canal shaping is contradictory. The type of their alloy, taper, tip design, cross-section and kinematics are analyzed in terms of generating unfavorable stress onto the root canal wall. Along with their positive characteristics, some of the most common irrigant solutions for chemical disinfection and removal of debris sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid are reported to contribute to dentinal defect formation and to reduce the microhardness of radicular dentin. The effects of the aforementioned irrigants on dentinal matrix in terms of their concentration and application time are overviewed.
Spoon-feeding to tongue-biting and beyond: implementing a reform approach to mathematics teaching in an Irish primary school

This research aimed to examine teachers' experiences whilst implementing a reform approach to mathematics teaching in an Irish primary school In particular, it aimed to examine the constraints and affordances pertaining to changing mathematics practice in this case study school The school engaged in professional development that focused on using an instructional framework (Hiebert et al, 1997) in the school-identified strand units of length and weight. Four classes were tracked throughout the study and each class acted as a subcase within the larger study. Data collected through lesson observations, teacher interviews, pupil work samples, and focus group interviews with pupils were used to compare teachers ’ experiences and to identify what supported and enabled them to change their practice, in addition to highlighting challenges that may have prevented such change. Findings were that shifts in practice were evident in the strand units of length and weight to different degrees in the four classes during the study. Teachers reported that tailored professional development, peer support, and the use and refinement of an instructional framework contributed to enabling them in changing their mathematics teaching. Factors that may have restricted the potential for embedding and enhancing this changing practice included a textbook dependent culture, teacher discomfort with facilitation, and possible limitations regarding the professional development. Possible implications of this study include the need for schools to have a number o f factors in place for the successful implementation of a reform approach to mathematics teaching including peer support, tailored professional development, and a focus on a specific area o f the mathematics curriculum. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for all stakeholders to consider textbook dependency, teacher facilitations skills, and the timing and content o f professional development when implementing a reform approach to mathematics teaching.
Multisurface plasticity for Cosserat materials: Plate element implementation and validation

The macroscopic behavior of materials is affected by their inner micro‐structure. Elementary considerations based on the arrangement, and the physical and mechanical features of the micro‐structure may lead to the formulation of elastoplastic constitutive laws, involving hardening/softening mechanisms and non‐associative properties. In order to model the non‐linear behavior of micro‐structured materials, the classical theory of time‐independent multisurface plasticity is herein extended to Cosserat continua. The account for plastic relative strains and curvatures is made by means of a robust quadratic‐convergent projection algorithm, specifically formulated for non‐associative and hardening/softening plasticity. Some important limitations of the classical implementation of the algorithm for multisurface plasticity prevent its application for any plastic surfaces and loading conditions. These limitations are addressed in this paper, and a robust solution strategy based on the singular value decomposition technique is proposed. The projection algorithm is then implemented into a finite element formulation for Cosserat continua. A specific finite element is considered, developed for micropolar plates. The element is validated through illustrative examples and applications, showing able performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Mobbing on Burnout Syndrome at Workplace: An Application on Health Staff in Turkey

People feel themselves inadequte, desperate and have problem of social isolation as a result of mobbing and occupational burnout in working places. Thus it threats life, health and productivity of people. Mobbing and occupational burnout are common problems in health sector. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of mobbing and occupational burnout of health staff and to reveal the influence of mobbing on occupational burnout. As the way of collecting data, a questionnaire consisting of Leymann and Maslach scales was used. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis.
Play-based early childhood classrooms and the effect on pre-kindergarten social and academic achievement

The purpose of this literature review is to examine the effects of a play-based early childhood curriculum on the academic and social development of pre-kindergarten children. The findings in this literature review examine the relationships between free play, social skills, and academic outcomes in the early years of school. The reviewed research suggested a positive correlation between free play in early childhood and future school success in literacy and social development. The conclusion of this review includes recommendations for improving teacher practices and educational policies. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni. edu/grp/229 Play-Based Early Childhood Classrooms and the Effect on Pre-Kindergarten Social and Academic Achievement A Graduate Research Paper Submitted to the Division of Early Childhood Education Department of Curriculum and Instruction In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Education UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN IOWA By AmyMcGinn June 2017 This Research Paper by: Amy McGinn Titled: Play-Based Early Childhood Classrooms and the Effect on Social and Academic Achievement has been approved as meeting the research requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Early Childhood Education. 1;-~~, J Date Approved Graduate Faculty Reader Mio« /Jot7 r I Date Approved He~rtment of Curriculum and Instruction ii
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

—Agent-based modeling (ABM) has become a key technique for modeling and simulating dynamic, complicated behaviors in social and political sciences. Analyzing and interpreting the results of these simulations can help scientists to better understand the forces at work in social and political systems, which can in turn enable them to better inform decision-makers and international policy. While there exist many robust toolkits tailored to developing and running these simulations, supporting systems for analyzing the results of these simulations are few and tend to be overly general. Lacking the appropriate tools and support, it has become difﬁcult for social scientists to interpret the results of their increasingly complex simulations. To begin to bridge this gap between data generation and interpretation, we present two systems speciﬁcally designed to support inquiry and inference by social scientists using agent-based simulations to model political phenomena. In collaboration with domain experts, we designed these systems to provide interactive exploration and domain-speciﬁc data analysis tools. When tested by analysts in political science, we validated that these systems provide an efﬁcient framework to explore individual trajectories and the relationships between variables as well as supporting hypothesis generation by enabling analysts to group simulations according to multidimensional similarity and drill down to investigate further.
Estimation of Treatment Effects under Essential Heterogeneity

Assume that the economic model generating the data for potential outcomes is of the form: Y1 = α1 + φ+Xβ1 + U1 (1) Y0 = α0 +Xβ0 + U0 (2) where vector X represents the observed variables (regressors), U0 and U1 represent the unobservables in the potential outcome equations, and φ represents the benefit associated with the treatment (D = 1). The assumptions of linearity and additive separability are not intrinsic to the model of essential heterogeneity and are used in this supplement just to illustrate the estimation method we propose. The individuals decide whether or not to receive the treatment (D = 1 or D = 0) based on a latent variable I I = γ0Z − V (3) where Z and V represent observables and unobservables respectively. Thus, we can define a binary variable D indicating the treatment status D = 1⁄2 1 if I > 0 0 if I ≤ 0 (4)
The role of tributary relative timing and sequencing in controlling large floods

Hydrograph convolution is a product of tributary inputs from across the watershed. The time‐space distribution of precipitation, the biophysical processes that control the conversion of precipitation to runoff and channel flow conveyance processes, are heterogeneous and different areas respond to rainfall in different ways. We take a subwatershed approach to this and account for tributary flow magnitude, relative timing, and sequencing. We hypothesize that as the scale of the watershed increases so we may start to see systematic differences in subwatershed hydrological response. We test this hypothesis for a large flood (T > 100 years) in a large watershed in northern England. We undertake a sensitivity analysis of the effects of changing subwatershed hydrological response using a hydraulic model. Delaying upstream tributary peak flow timing to make them asynchronous from downstream subwatersheds reduced flood magnitude. However, significant hydrograph adjustment in any one subwatershed was needed for meaningful reductions in stage downstream, although smaller adjustments in multiple tributaries resulted in comparable impacts. For larger hydrograph adjustments, the effect of changing the timing of two tributaries together was lower than the effect of changing each one separately. For smaller adjustments synergy between two subwatersheds meant the effect of changing them together could be greater than the sum of the parts. Thus, this work shows that while the effects of modifying biophysical catchment properties diminishes with scale due to dilution effects, their impact on relative timing of tributaries may, if applied in the right locations, be an important element of flood management.
Comment on ‘Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature’

Cook et al’s highly influential consensus study (2013 Environ. Res. Lett. 8 024024) finds different results than previous studies in the consensus literature. It omits tests for systematic differences between raters. Many abstracts are unaccounted for. The paper does not discuss the procedures used to ensure independence between the raters, to ensure that raters did not use additional information, and to ensure that later ratings were not influenced by earlier results. Clarifying these issues would further strengthen the paper, and establish it as our best estimate of the consensus.