Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compared to What?

A rich and plausible academic literature has delineated reasons to believe Brazil’s democratic political institutions—including electoral rules, the political party system, federalism, and the rules of legislative procedure—are suboptimal from the viewpoints of democratic representativeness and policy-making effectiveness. The authors concur that specific peculiarities of Brazilian political institutions likely complicate the process of solving societal collective action dilemmas. Nonetheless, Brazil’s economic and social track record since redemocratization in the mid-1980s has been reasonably good in comparative regional perspective. Perhaps Brazil’s informal political negotiating mechanisms, or even other less obvious institutional structures, provide sufficient countervailing influences to allow “governance” to proceed relatively smoothly despite the appearance of chaos and political dysfunction.
Relationship of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity to GnRH Neurons in the Ovariectomized and Intact Female Rat

The present study has used a rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) antibody to examine the relationship of nNOS immunoreactivity to GnRH neurons in the ovariectomized and intact diestrous and proestrous rat. A striking band of nNOS‐immunoreactive cells was identified in the rostral preoptic area which began in the median preoptic nucleus and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and formed an inverted Y‐type distribution above the rostral third ventricle at the level of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Another band of nNOS‐immunoreactivity was found extending through the internal zone of the median eminence into the arcuate nucleus. Although nNOS immunoreactivity was not detected within GnRH neuronal cell bodies in any of the experimental groups, GnRH perikarya located in the rostral preoptic area, but not elsewhere, were found to be surrounded by nNOS‐containing cells. In the median eminence, nNOS and GnRH immunoreactivities were distributed separately in the internal and external zones, respectively.
Globalization, Tax Competition and the Fiscal Crisis of the Welfare State

The current age of globalization can be distinguished from the previous one (from 1870 to 1914) by the much higher mobility of capital than labor (in the previous age, before immigration restrictions, labor was at least as mobile as capital). This increased mobility is the result of technological changes (the ability to move funds electronically) and the relaxation of exchange controls. The mobility of capital is linked to tax competition, in which sovereign countries lower their tax rates on income earned by foreigners within their borders in order to attract both portfolio and direct investment. Tax competition, in turn, threatens to undermine the individual and corporate income taxes, which traditionally have been the main source of revenue (in terms of percentage of total revenue collected) for modern welfare states. The response of developed countries has been first, to shift the tax burden from (mobile) capital to (less mobile) labor, and second, when further increased taxation of labor becomes politically and economically difficult, to cut the social safety net. Thus, globalization and tax competition lead to a fiscal crisis for countries that wish to continue to provide social insurance to their citizens at the same time that demographic factors and the increased income inequality, job insecurity, and income volatility that result from globalization render such social insurance more necessary. The result is increasing pressure to limit globalization (e.g., by re-introducing exchange controls) which risks reducing world welfare. This article argues that if both globalization and social insurance are to be maintained, it is necessary to cut the intermediate link by limiting tax competition in a way that is congruent with maintaining the ability of democratic states to determine the desirable size of their government.
Decoupling farm policies: how does this affect production?

This paper studies the extent to which decoupled income support measures in agriculture can have production implications both at the extensive and intensive margins. We develop a theoretical framework that analyzes production responses of agricultural producers to apparently decoupled payments, by explicitly considering risk attitudes and uncertainty. We use farm-level data collected in Kansas to estimate the model. Technology and risk preference parameters are jointly estimated. Results show that though lump sum payments are not fully decoupled in the presence of risk and uncertainty, their effects on agricultural production are likely to be of a very small magnitude.
Income Inequality, Permanent Incomes, and Income Dynamics

As income mobility over time serves to offset income inequality existing at any point in time, cross-national differences in social stratification are preferably assessed from data on average incomes over an extended period of time. Hence, this article uses longitudinal income data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the European Community Household Panel to reassess the received empirical evidence. Even discounting the impact of income mobility, however, the United States continues to exhibit the highest level of permanent income inequality in this particular sample of industrial countries. In addition, older workers and individuals at the bottom of the income distribution have faced significantly worse income prospects than common in many European countries.
Evaluation of entropy-based detection of outbound denial-of-service attacks in edge networks

This paper presents an evaluation of entropy-based network intrusion detection in the case of outbound denial-of-service attacks in edge networks. The detector monitors entropy of several simple packet distributions: source and destination ports, and number of packets and bytes transferred. Cumulative sum control chart CUSUM algorithm is used for change-point detection. The performance of entropy-based method has been evaluated in simulated environment, using ns2 simulator, and compared with an optimized version of one existing approach, namely CUSUM-based monitoring of the number of Synchronize sequence numbers SYN packets. The results show that entropy-based detector does not reach the performance of a method tailored for a specific type of attack but, in general case, has good performance. The main advantage of entropy-based detector is its generality, as it supports detection of many different types of attacks and network anomalies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Being Delivered: Spirituality in Survivors of Sexual Violence

A theoretical framework explaining how survivors of sexual violence use spirituality to respond to or recover from sexual violence is presented. Data were drawn from open-ended interviews of 27 women and 23 men who participated in a larger, ongoing study of women's and men's responses to sexual violence. Grounded theory methodology was used to develop the core category of Being Delivered, reflecting the participants' experiences of being rescued, saved, or set free from the effects of sexual violence by a spiritual being or power. The theoretical framework describing Being Delivered is composed of three dimensions: Spiritual Connection, Spiritual Journey, and Spiritual Transformation. The framework can be used by clinicians to guide discussions of spirituality and healing with survivors of sexual violence.
Sequence-specific cleavage of double helical DNA by triple helix formation.

Homopyrimidine oligodeoxyribonucleotides with EDTA-Fe attached at a single position bind the corresponding homopyrimidine-homopurine tracts within large double-stranded DNA by triple helix formation and cleave at that site. Oligonucleotides with EDTA.Fe at the 5' end cause a sequence specific double strand break. The location and asymmetry of the cleavage pattern reveal that the homopyrimidine-EDTA probes bind in the major groove parallel to the homopurine strand of Watson-Crick double helical DNA. The sequence-specific recognition of double helical DNA by homopyrimidine probes is sensitive to single base mismatches. Homopyrimidine probes equipped with DNA cleaving moieties could be useful tools for mapping chromosomes.
Housing Investment and the Private Rental Sector in Australia

Over the past two decades, the private rental sector has changed its role within the Australian housing system as it has moved from being a tenure of transition, comprised principally of young households saving to enter home-ownership, to a tenure of long-term occupancy. Rising real house prices, soaring interest rates, changes in the nature of paid work and an increase in the number of household deaths through divorce or separation, has seen an increasing proportion of households either unable to enter home purchase, or unable to maintain their position within this tenure. In addition, access to publicly provided housing has declined. This paper considers the changing environment for private rental housing in Australia and examines the nature of investors and the size of their investment in the housing stock, as well as the impact of their investment strategies on the operation of the housing market.
Comparison of Six DNA Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fungal DNA as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

ABSTRACT The detection of fungal pathogens in clinical samples by PCR requires the use of extraction methods that efficiently lyse fungal cells and recover DNA suitable for amplification. We used quantitative PCR assays to measure the recovery of DNA from two important fungal pathogens subjected to six DNA extraction methods. Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or Candida albicans yeast cells were added to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and subjected to DNA extraction in order to assess the recovery of DNA from a defined number of fungal propagules. In order to simulate hyphal growth in tissue, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia were allowed to form mycelia in tissue culture media and then harvested for DNA extraction. Differences among the DNA yields from the six extraction methods were highly significant (P < 0.0001) in each of the three experimental systems. An extraction method based on enzymatic lysis of fungal cell walls (yeast cell lysis plus the use of GNOME kits) produced high levels of fungal DNA with Candida albicans but low levels of fungal DNA with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or hyphae. Extraction methods employing mechanical agitation with beads produced the highest yields with Aspergillus hyphae. The MasterPure yeast method produced high levels of DNA from C. albicans but only moderate yields from A. fumigatus. A reagent from one extraction method was contaminated with fungal DNA, including DNA from Aspergillus and Candida species. In conclusion, the six extraction methods produce markedly differing yields of fungal DNA and thus can significantly affect the results of fungal PCR assays. No single extraction method was optimal for all organisms.
Ticari Ve Finansal Disa Aciklik Ile Ekonomik Buyume Arasindaki Iliski: Turkiye Uzerine Bir Uygulama

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between trade and financial openness and economic growth in Turkey. For this purpose for the period of 1990:1-2006:4, the relationships between trade and financial openness rates and real economic growth rate are analyzed econometrically by employing multivariate cointegration analysis, error correction-augmented Granger causality tests and vector error correction model. According to the results, economic growth is positively effected by trade openness, and negatively by financial openness in the long run. Error correction-augmented Granger causality tests show that there is bi-directional causality between trade and financial openness and economic growth. Furthermore, it is observed that one-directional causality exists from trade openness to financial openness.
Heritability of Response Inhibition in Children

Abstract We report the heritability of response inhibition, latency, and variability, which are potential markers of genetic risk in neuropsychiatric conditions. Genetic and environmental influences on cancellation and restraint, response latency, and variability measured in a novel variant of the stop signal task were studied in 139 eight-year-old twin pairs from a birth cohort. Cancellation (50%), restraint (27%), and response latency (41%) showed significant heritability, the balance being non-shared environmental influences and/or error. Response variability was not heritable, with 23% of the variance attributable to shared environmental influences and 77% to non-shared environmental risk or error. The phenotypic correlation between response cancellation and restraint was −. 44 and between response latency and restraint was . 21. These phenotypic correlations were entirely genetic in origin. The phenotypic correlation between response variability and % successful inhibition was . 27, but was not genetic. Cancellation and restraint were heritable and shared genetic influences, indicating that they may be influenced by a common gene or genes. Response latency was moderately heritable and shared genetic influences with restraint, but was not correlated with cancellation. Response variability was not heritable. These results support the potential of response inhibition and latency as endophenotypes in genetic research. (JINS, 2011, 17, 238–247)
How Hybrid Organizations Turn Antagonistic Assets into Complementarities

This article focuses on people excluded from traditional markets as employees, producers, or consumers on the grounds that they lack the appropriate skills. It describes the processes through which these perceived liabilities can be overcome by so-called hybrid organizations. Hybrids pursue explicit social missions through business-inspired earned-income strategies, with the express goal of creating market disequilibria. This article demonstrates the challenges hybrids face and outlines how to overcome them by identifying hidden complementarities and creating new ones, by eliminating the need for complementarities, and by creating demands for antagonistic assets, or by using partnerships.
HRM Reform in Decentralised Local Government: Empirical Perspectives on Recruitment and Selection in the Philippines and Thailand

Over the recent decades decentralisation has been an influential process for public sector reform. Like many countries in Southeast Asia, the Philippines and Thailand have experienced a transitional period of decentralisation since the 1990s, but its corresponding results are considered to be poor, allowing for an increase in corruption associated with local elites and other interested parties. This article addresses the problem by focusing on Human Resource Management (HRM), with an emphasis on recruitment and selection in decentralised local governments, as there exists limited research in this area. Despite similar outlook of decentralisation reforms in these countries, the comparative analysis will illustrate differences in HRM policy arrangements between the central and local government, which reflect on the roots and backgrounds of the reform initiatives in each country. Moreover, empirical case observations at the local level from four case cities will present positive HRM practices, as well as the negative ones. Such evidence cannot be explained by contemporary theories on decentralisation, most of which doubt feasibility of the reform in developing countries.
Has Core Inflation Been Doing a Good Job in Brazil

This paper assesses the performance of the core inflation measures calculated by the Brazilian Central Bank (BCB). The evidence shows that they do not meet some key statistical criteria that a good core inflation should have: unbiasedness and the ability to forecast inflation. That performance stems, to a large extent, from the lack of a well-grounded statistical and economical basis behind them. Three new measures are built and assessed using the same criteria. The evidence shows that their behaviour is more in accordance to what the theory claims. However, they still lack the ability to help forecasting inflation. Hence both the BCB and the market should use core inflation cautiously.
Exploring Augmented Reality Games in Accessible Learning: A Systematic Review

Augmented Reality (AR) learning games, on average, have been shown to have a positive impact on student learning. However, the exploration of AR learning games in special education settings, where accessibility is a concern, has not been well explored. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the use of AR games in accessible learning applications and to provide a comprehensive understanding of its advantages over traditional learning approaches. In this paper, we present our systematic review of previous studies included in major databases in the past decade. We explored the characteristics of user evaluation, learning effects on students, and features of implemented systems mentioned in the literature. The results showed that AR game applications can promote students learning activities from three perspectives: cognitive, affective, and retention. We also found there were still several drawbacks to current AR learning game designs for special needs despite the positive effects associated with AR game use. Based on our findings, we propose potential design strategies for future AR learning games for accessible education.
China's Population: New Trends and Challenges

China covers about the same geographic area as the United States although its population is nearly five times greater. In addition because of rugged mountains in the west and vast desert areas in central China the population is concentrated within a surprisingly small area. Rapid population growth during the 20th century helped shaped China’s society in myriad ways as China concurrently struggled with the breakdown of its dynastic structure world wars civil wars and the founding of a new nation. The 20th century was a time of momentous changes for the Chinese people and demographic change was very much a part of their social and political transformation. This Population Bulletin draws from a growing body of statistical data and research to look at some of the demographic changes that have occurred in China’s recent past beginning with a brief introduction to China’s demographic history. The Bulletin examines government policies that have significantly affected the country’s population and it looks at some of the current social issues that China faces and how demographic events have affected those issues. (excerpt)
Employee perceptions of repatriation in an emerging economy: The Indian experience

As employees' international mobility has increased, implementing repatriation processes has become a significant human resource (HR) issue. Through an exploratory study using a semi-structured interview method, we examine repatriated employees' views about HR activities that facilitate and hinder the repatriation process in the emerging economy of India. Respondents described lack of formal repatriation assistance, no contact person in HR to help with repatriation, and lack of re-entry culture-related training as characteristic of the repatriation process. Managing employees' expectations, along with creating a more sensitive, structured, and strategic HR function, are recommended to improve the repatriation process. From a theoretical perspective, results point to the multi-dimensionality of the repatriation construct and provide evidence of the context-specificity of HR practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
F-Box and Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein 22 Is a Cardiac-Enriched F-Box Protein That Regulates Sarcomeric Protein Turnover and Is Essential for Maintenance of Contractile Function In Vivo

Rationale: The emerging role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in cardiomyocyte function and homeostasis implies the necessity of tight regulation of protein degradation. However, little is known about cardiac components of this machinery. Objective: We sought to determine whether molecules exist that control turnover of cardiac-specific proteins. Methods and Results: Using a bioinformatic approach to identify novel cardiac-enriched sarcomere proteins, we identified F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 22 (Fbxl22). Tissue-specific expression was confirmed by multiple tissue Northern and Western Blot analyses as well as quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a human cDNA library. Immunocolocalization experiments in neonatal and adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes as well as murine heart tissue located Fbxl22 to the sarcomeric z-disc. To detect cardiac protein interaction partners, we performed a yeast 2-hybrid screen using Fbxl22 as bait. Coimmunoprecipitation confirmed the identified interactions of Fbxl22 with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 and Cullin1, 2 critical components of SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box) E3- ligases. Moreover, we identified several potential substrates, including the z-disc proteins &agr;-actinin and filamin C. Consistently, in vitro overexpression of Fbxl22-mediated degradation of both substrates in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas proteasome inhibition with MG-132 markedly attenuated degradation of both &agr;-actinin and filamin C. Finally, targeted knockdown of Fbxl22 in rat cardiomyocytes as well as zebrafish embryos results in the accumulation of &agr;-actinin associated with severely impaired contractile function and cardiomyopathy in vivo. Conclusions: These findings reveal the previously uncharacterized cardiac-specific F-box protein Fbxl22 as a component of a novel cardiac E3 ligase. Fbxl22 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of key sarcomeric proteins, such as &agr;-actinin and filamin C, and is essential for maintenance of normal contractile function in vivo.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL?: INSTRUCTIONAL PRODUCTION AT THE TECNOLÓGICO DE MONTERREY

10 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 12 Overview 12 Statement of the Problem 14 Statement of Purpose 21 Research Questions 23 Significance of the Study 25 Organization of this Study 26 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 29 Introduction 29 Literature Review 30 Implications of Utilizing Learning Management Systems in Teaching and Learning 30 Technology’s Influence on Organizational Structure 35 Intellectual Capital 37 Intellectual Capital in Higher Education 43 Outsourcing and Intellectual Capital in Higher Education 44 Theoretical Framework 47 The Structurational Model of Technology 47 A Note on Giddens’ Theory of Structuration 51 The Power-Process Perspective of Technology 54 The Theory of Academic Capitalism 56 Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital 64 Conclusions 67 CHAPTER III: METHODS 69 Introduction 69 Discussion of Research Questions 70 Overall Approach 74 Site Selection 75 Sub-sites Selection 79 Sample Population 81 Researcher’s Positionality 83 Data Collection 85
Mechanisms for Public Participation at a Normative Planning Level in Canada

The experience with public participation in Canada has been predominantly at an operational planning level. Little attention has been given to the issue of public involvement at a normative planning level, and there is not a clear nor concise strategy for 'normative participation'. Based on available literature, personal interviews and the author's own experience, the intent of this paper is to review the existing alternative mechanisms for public participation at a normative planning level in Canada. It is demonstrated that advisory bodies, Green Papers and legislative committees are better suited to effective public participation at a normative planning level than are the more commonly employed mechanisms of lobbying and public inquiries.