Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farmer Group Performance Bali Cattle in Luwu District East : the Economic Analysis

This research was conducted in the District Mangko Tano East Luwu in South Sulawesi Province, in 2017. The area of research is supported by oil palm plantations, palm plantations, agricultural land, forestry land, vacant land that has not been explored by farmers and other vacant land. The study was conducted by the method of field survey, according to information from the local Animal Husbandry Department, the criteria in the data is the cattle population in farmer.The purpose of this study was to determine the economic analysis on a group of cattle ranchers. Primary data and secondary data were analyzed using descriptive tabulation, quantitatively and economically. The results of the research effort shows that beef cattle, ranchers group profit amounted Rp.3. 637.500/year, Agung Sindo Village B/C ratio of 1.2, Kalaenaliri village of Rp.3. 886.000/ year ratio B/C 1.2, and the Wanasari Village of Rp.3. 788.000/year and ratio of B/C 1.2. Forage in locations very research support to the development of beef cattle Bali. But farmers are accustomed way of raising beef cattle between 2-4 head/breeder, so it needs additional maintenance business scale between 5-10 cattle/livestock farmers, so that the business more effectively and efficiently and economically will benefit farmers.
Prevalence and Correlates of Major Mental Disorders among Korean Adults：A 2006 National Epidemiologic Survey

ObjectivesZZThe aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), and to compare those with previous studies. MethodsZZThe Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Replication (KECA-R) was conducted between August 2006 and April 2007. The sampling of the subjects was carried out across 12 catchment areas. A multistage, cluster sampling design was adopted. The target population included all eligible residents aged 18 to 64 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) based on the DSM-IV (N=6,510, response rate=81.7%). ResultsZZA total of 6,510 participants completed the interview. The lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for all types of DSM-IV disorders were 30.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Those of specific disorders were as follows：1) alcohol use disorder, 16.2% and 5.6%；2) nictotine use disorder, 9.0% and 6.0%；3) specific phobia, 3.8% and 3.4%；4) major depressive disorder, 5.6% and 2.5%；and 5) generalized anxiety disorder, 1.6% and 0.8%. Data relating to nicotine and alcohol use disorder revealed a very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among females than males. ConclusionZZThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in the distribution of psychiatric disorders across the country and times were observed.
A novel weighted evidence combination rule based on improved entropy function with a diagnosis application

Managing conflict in Dempster–Shafer theory is a popular topic. In this article, we propose a novel weighted evidence combination rule based on improved entropy function. This newly proposed approach can be mainly divided into two steps. First, the initial weight will be determined on the basis of the distance of evidence. Then, this initial weight will be modified using improved entropy function. This new method converges faster when handling high conflicting evidences and greatly reduces uncertainty of decisions, which can be demonstrated by a numerical example where the belief degree is raised up to 0.9939 when five evidences are in conflict, an application in faulty diagnosis where belief degree is increased hugely from 0.8899 to 0.9416 when compared with our previous works, and a real-life medical diagnosis application where the uncertainty of decision is reduced to nearly 0 and the belief degree is raised up to 0.9989.
Determination of zonal power demand S-curves with GA based on top-to-bottom and end-use approaches

Long-term zonal demand forecasting is a complex problem for electric distribution systems, particularly when the planner has limited data, and therefore, needs smart approaches along with proper estimations. This paper presents a novel methodology to determine saturation curves (S-curves) of demand zones which are classified based on municipality development plans. The methodology which is based on combination of top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top (also called end-use) approaches, is applied to the network of Akdeniz Distribution Company (DISCO) of Turkey. Genetic algorithm (GA) technique is utilized to determine zonal S-curves by utilizing top-to-bottom projections and expected saturation demands of the zones. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed method gives reliable results as long as top-to-bottom results represent the total demand of the zones satisfactorily and the planner defines the constraints reasonably.
Use of antibiotics in hospitalized adult patients: an experience from NWFP -

Objective: An audit of antibiotic use in the hospitalized adult patients in different wards and specialties in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. Methods: Records of all admitted patients, during the month of January 2002, were analyzed, to find out the age and sex-distribution, number of patients given antibiotics, routes of administration, types of antibiotics used, and brands of antibiotics used. Results: Records of 750 patients were analyzed, with 55% males and 45% females. Mean age was 35.19 years and the mean hospital stay was 5.09 days. Antibiotic(s) were given in 590 patients (78.67%): orally in 50.18%, intravenously in 24.40%, and both in 25.42% patients. The most three commonly prescribed antibiotics were Penicillin (30.96), 1st generation Cephalosporins (12.33%) and quinolones (9.78%). Conclusions: Different groups of antibiotics and numerous brands are being used in hospital. Hospital based formulary is urgently needed to limit this irrational and diverse use of antibiotics. (Rawal Med J 2005;30:16-18).
A life course study of quality of life at older ages in a French occupational cohort

Background and aims. This thesis took a life course approach to examining inequalities in quality of life in early old age using the French occupational cohort GAZEL. The cohort combines company administrative records with information from annual questionnaires for 20 625 electricity and gas industry employees. The thesis aimed to examine whether current circumstances, retirement routes, mid-life working conditions or occupational grade were associated with subjective quality of life, measured with CASP-19, in retired participants. Results. Cross-sectional and change analyses using multiple regression demonstrated that social support, financial adequacy and, above all, mental and physical health were strongly associated with quality of life. There was a graded relationship between occupational grade in mid-life and quality of life following labour market exit, a relationship which was largely accounted for by health and financial circumstances in retirement. After adjusting for occupational grade and social class, exposures to physical hazards and ergonomic strain were associated with lower quality of life following retirement; accumulated exposures to carcinogens were not. Pathways from working conditions to poorer quality of life via physical and mental health accounted for the associations between earlier strenuous and dangerous working conditions and quality of life following retirement. Retiring tended to improve subjective quality of life, particularly if it was from difficult psychosocial working conditions. Retiring in ill health was associated with worse quality of life; this retirement route was more likely for individuals who had poor working conditions. Continuing professional activities after retirement was associated with better quality of life, a retirement route more likely for individuals working in higher grades. Conclusions. The thesis demonstrated small but persistent life course influences of employment characteristics upon quality of life which appeared to be mediated via current determinants of quality of life.
Considerations For Using Short Term Certificates

Recently there has been renewed interest in an old idea: Issue certificates with short validity periods and forego revocation processing, reasoning that expiration is a sufficient replacement for revocation as long as that expiration is not too far off. This document covers considerations, both security and operational, for using such Short Term Auto Renewed (STAR) certificates for various scenarios where Using a revocation protocol is considered inappropriate.
Trends in treated problem alcohol use in Ireland, 2004 to 2006. HRB Trends Series 1.

The data presented in this paper describe trends in treated problem alcohol use in Ireland and the analysis is based on data reported to the National Drug Treatment Reporting System (NDTRS). In this paper, treated problem alcohol use is described in relation to person, place and time. This paper will assist policy makers, service planners and public health practitioners to develop appropriate responses to problem alcohol use in the future.
Personalized Primary Care for Older People: An evaluation of a multicomponent nurse-led care program

Providing optimal care for the increasing number of frail older people with complex care needs is a major challenge in primary care. The current approach is reactive and does not meet the needs of older patients, resulting in unnecessary loss of daily functioning, suboptimal quality of life and high health care expenditures. In the Utrecht Proactive Frailty Intervention Trial (U-PROFIT, in Dutch:’ Om U’), we designed and evaluated a strategy for proactive patient-centred primary care of frail older people. The strategy consists of the Utrecht Periodic Risk Identification and Monitoring (U-PRIM) system, a frailty screening intervention based on administrative patient data, and U-CARE, a nurse-led personalised care intervention comprising frailty screening, comprehensive geriatric assessment and evidence-based care planning. In this thesis, we aimed to describe the development of U-CARE in detail and evaluated the effectiveness on the preservation of physical functioning of frail older people. Both interventions led to better preservation of physical functioning compared to the control group. More highly educated older people had additional benefits from U-CARE, indicating that the effect is dependent on individual patient characteristics. The U-CARE program was highly appreciated by the nurses and GPs and considered the program valuable for the implementation and coordination of personalized proactive care. They perceived that older patients were more ‘visible’ in the general practice. Interviews with a subsample of older persons showed that personalized nurse-led care was well appreciated when the relationship, the timing, and nurses’ roles were tailored to the patient’s needs. Secondary analysis of our trial data, we showed that older people who have a relatively low number of chronic medications, a higher education level, a higher self-reported quality of life and who are not using a walking aid are most likely to benefit from personalized nurse-led care
The Role of Education in Promoting Young People's Sexual and Reproductive Health.

This document outlines discussions from the Expert meeting for the Safe Passages to Adulthood programme, where researchers, practitioners and policy makers explored the potential of education to protect against HIV/AIDS, as well as the possible changes needed to enable the education system to respond more adequately. This programme, co-ordinated jointly by the University of Southampton, University of London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical medicine, researches young people’s sexual and reproductive health in poorer country settings. The good practice guide explores the challenges facing practitioners and policy-makers in resource-constrained countries who are trying to develop educational initiatives aimed at promoting the sexual and reproductive health of young people. The resource sets out good practice guidelines for work in school settings, out-of-school contexts and in higher education. These guidelines are illustrated by examples of innovative practice from across the world. After review of the objectives, design, implementation and results from programmes that span three continents, conclusions on important factors in running successful programmes are outlined. These included sharing of ideas and responsibility, active involvement of young people in the programmes, starting from a clear values base, supporting adults in their work, planning for sustainability and acknowledging and incorporating the importance of context when designing and implementing educational programmes.
Changes in functional groups of soil macro-faunal community in degraded sandy grassland under post-grazing natural restoration in Hoqin Sand Land

With the support of Naiman desertification research station,CAS,the community characteristics of soil macro-fauna were investigated in degraded sandy grassland under post-heavy(HGR) and-moderate grazing(MGR) natural restoration in Horqin Sand Land.The diversity and functional groups of soil faunal community were also discussed in this paper.The specimens obtained belonged to 2 classes,8 orders and 32 families(group). The dominant groups were Curculionidae and Formicidae,which totally accounted for 41.54% in individual.A total of 23 and 19 families were found respectively in HGR and MGR,where respectively accounting for 57.75% and 42.25% of total individuals.The density,group richness,and diversity index were a litter higher in HGR than in MGR,but no significant differences were found(P0.05). Furthermore,there were three functional groups: phytophages,zoophages and pantophages,including 16,15 and 1 group respectively.The percent of individuals accounted for 64.08%,32.39% and 3.52% respectively for phytophages,zoophages and pantophages.The ratios of phytophages to zoophages in number were almost stable and near to 2:1,whether in HGR or in MGR.Overall,soil macro-faunal community was more sensitive to the heavy grazing than to moderate grazing,and the soil food web was more complicated in HGR than in MGR.But there was a limit effect of twenty-year restoration process of degraded sandy grassland on soil macro-faunal community structure.
Experiment on the Effect of Simulated Surface Cover on the Overland Flow Velocity

The effect of vegetation cover on overland flow velocity can cause changes of characteristics of sediment discharge,but the relationship between coverage changes and the velocity is still unclear under steep slope conditions.Aiming at the shortage of research at home and abroad,this study discussed the relationships between average velocity and coverage rate,slope and discharge systematically on overland flow.Flow velocity was simulated in an experimental flume with varying slope in a large scale of slope gradient(5°~25°),flow discharge(0.25~2 L/s) and coverage rate(0%~25%). The result indicated that average velocity of overland flow changes from 0.15 L/s to 1.35 L/s.It is closely related to the coverage rate,slope and discharge.With the simulated surface coverage increasing,the water flow consumed more energy to overcome the resistance,so the flow velocity decreased along.With the increasing of slope and discharge,gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of overland flow increased,and the average velocity increased by power function.The statistical regression showed that the dominating influential factor to velocity is coverage rate(45% more or less),and then slope and discharge.Three factors could be used to simulate the velocity of overland flow(R2=0.93). The research is helpful to have further understanding of the character of overland flow on steep slope with coverage by the way of dynamics,and provides theoretical basis of physical modeling of soil erosion.
Oil accumulation history in Tadong 2 oil reservoir in Tarim Basin, NW China-A case study of oil stability and cracking

The oil from the Well Tadong 2 ( TD2 ) in the Cambrian reservoir in eastern Tarim Basin contains high concentration of 4-methyl steranes, dinosteranes and their aromatic dinosteroids, which is different from heavy oils discovered in the Lunnan area and their Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks, suggesting a clear affinity with the Cambrian source rock extracts but distinctly. Present maturity of the Cambrian source rocks is as high as 2. 67%-2. 75% VRE. Burial history and hydrocarbon generation history analysis suggest that major liquid hydrocarbon generation time from this source rock suite was in the Middle and Late Ordovician and petroleum generation process was rapidly completed within 10 Ma. All these indicate that the oil accumulation has been severely affected by high temperature processes, which caused oil densification and cracking to gas. During subsequent stratigraphic elevation after the Devonian, TD2 oil pool was uplifted to 1730m undersurface and reservoir temperature dropped to about 70℃( brine inclusion homogenization temperature of 50-90℃). Newly formed fractures and tectonic fissures linked up early accumulated oil and gas in the Cambrian fissure system, leading to oil and gas diffusion upward and biodegradation. High concentration of 25-norhopanes occurrence in oil is one obvious result of biodegradation, which causes further oil densification. Discovery of TD2 heavy oil inspire some new considerations. An oil pool formed more than 400Ma ago, which has experienced paleotemperature of higher than 200℃, can be preserved till present, indicating much higher oil stability than previously believed.
Analysis of monitoring data of stress and deformation for Shuibuya concrete face rockfill dam

The constitutive models for soil,soil-structure interaction mechanics and geotechnical numerical methods have always been the core issue of researches on soil mechanics.The measured results of stress and deformation of the high concrete face rockfill dam as a typical geotechnical structure are very significant for the above problems.Based on the monitoring data of Shuibuya concrete face rockfill dam,the dam deformation,slab stress and deformation of facing joints are analyzed.It may provide references for the studies on the constitutive models for rockfill materials,the numerical analysis of stress and deformation and the design of rockfill dams.
A Retrospective Clinical Study to Evaluate Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) As A Direct Pulp Capping Agent In A One-Visit Protocol

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the long-term success that can be achieved by the use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a pulp capping agent, demonstrate the simplicity of the procedure, and overcome the commonly held objections of cost, difficult handling characteristics, and the need for two appointments to complete the procedure. A single visit protocol was utilized in the completion of forty-eight pulp cap procedures with twenty-seven procedures available for recall. The MTA pulp cap was covered with glass ionomer liner and then restored with a bonded composite or amalgam. Teeth were evaluated for sensitivity to percussion, cold testing, and periapical radiograph at follow-up appointments. A success rate of over eighty-five percent was achieved in this study. MTA has been demonstrated to be the material of choice and gold-standard for pulp capping procedures. MTA is biocompatible, less cytotoxic than calcium hydroxide, provides a bioactive benefit and a bacteriostatic seal. The specific details of the histological pulpal response to MTA and other pulp capping agents, requires additional investigation.
Is More Better? The Effects of Full-Day vs Half-Day Preschool on Early School Achievement

Preschool programs vary greatly—from less-than-half-day to full-day-plus programs. Little rigorous research is available to inform policy decisions about the relative benefits of programs with shorter and longer hours per day or days per year. To address this need, NIEER conducted a randomized trial in which 4-year-olds in a low-income urban district were randomly assigned to programs of different durations. The programs were otherwise quite similar: all had teachers with college degrees, a low ratio of children to teachers, and used the same curriculum.
Nonlinear adaptive estimation with application to sinusoidal identification

Parameter estimation of a sinusoidal signal in real-time is encountered in applications in numerous areas of engineering. Parameters of interest are usually amplitude, frequency and phase wherein frequency tracking is the fundamental task in sinusoidal estimation. This thesis deals with the problem of identifying a signal that comprises n (n ≥ 1) harmonics from a measurement possibly affected by structured and unstructured disturbances. The structured perturbations are modeled as a time-polynomial so as to represent, for example, bias and drift phenomena typically present in applications, whereas the unstructured disturbances are characterized as bounded perturbation. Several approaches upon different theoretical tools are presented in this thesis, and classified into two main categories: asymptotic and nonasymptotic methodologies, depending on the qualitative characteristics of the convergence behavior over time. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the asymptotic estimators, which typically consist in a pre-filtering module for generating a number of auxiliary signals, independent of the structured perturbations. These auxiliary signals can be used either directly or indirectly to estimate—in an adaptive way—the frequency, the amplitude and the phase of the sinusoidal signals. More specifically, the direct approach is based on a simple gradient method, which ensures Input-to-State Stability of the estimation error with respect to the bounded-unstructured disturbances. The indirect method exploits a specific adaptive observer scheme equipped with a switching criterion allowing to properly address in a stable way the poor excitation scenarios. It is shown that the adaptive observer method can be applied for estimating multi-frequencies through an augmented but unified framework, which is a crucial advantage with respect to direct approaches. The estimators’ stability properties are also analyzed by Input-to-State-Stability (ISS) arguments. In the second part we present a non-asymptotic estimation methodology characterized by a distinctive feature that permits finite-time convergence of the estimates. Resorting to the Volterra integral operators with suitably designed kernels, the measured signal is processed, yielding a set of auxiliary signals, in which the influence of the unknown initial conditions is annihilated. A sliding mode-based adaptation law, fed by the aforementioned auxiliary signals, is proposed for deadbeat estimation of the frequency and amplitude, which are dealt