Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of single and multiple oral doses of meloxicam in adult horses.

BACKGROUND Safety of meloxicam, a potent NSAID with selective COX-2 inhibition, has not been evaluated in horses. OBJECTIVES To evaluate pharmacokinetics and safety of single and repeated oral doses of meloxicam in adult horses. ANIMALS Forty-nine healthy, university-owned adult lightbreed horses. METHODS Study conducted in 2 parts. Part I addressed pharmacokinetics of single oral dose meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg) in 16 horses. Part II, 33 horses were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups to assess prolonged administration (0.6 mg/kg PO q24h for 6 weeks, n = 7) or higher doses (1.8 mg/kg, n = 7, or 3.0 mg/kg PO q24h, n = 7) of meloxicam for 2 weeks, compared with control horses (placebo, n = 7, or phenylbutazone, 4.4 mg/kg q12h on day 1, 2.2 mg/kg q12h for 4 days, then 2.2 mg/kg q24h for 9 days, n = 5). RESULTS Maximum plasma concentration following a single oral dose of meloxicam was 915.1 ± 116.9 ng/mL and elimination half-life 10.2 ± 3.0 hours. Meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg, q24h, PO for 6 weeks) yielded plasma concentrations between 100 and 1000 ng/mL and was well tolerated by healthy adult horses. Administration of 3-5 times the recommended dose of meloxicam was associated with decreased total serum protein and albumin concentrations, gastrointestinal damage, renal damage, or bone marrow dyscrasia. PBZ administration was associated with the development right dorsal colitis, gastric ulceration, and protein losing enteropathy in 2 horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Administration meloxicam at 0.6 mg/kg q24h was well tolerated for 6 weeks, without drug accumulation in plasma. Higher doses were associated with dose-dependent adverse effects typical of class of drugs.
Does Environmental Management Improve Financial Performance? A Meta-Analytical Review

orders of worth (or ‘rationalities or value articulations’ (p. 1171)) can be identified. Whereas the industrial worth appears to link to the work of standard-setters and accountants, the collective worth is used by civil society organisations to justify integrated reporting as a means to enhance transparency and add greater value to stakeholder engagement. Likewise, Van Bommel also identifies market worth (short-term perspective with focus on market performance) and green worth (green credentials and care for future generations) to feature in the positioning and justifying of integrated reporting in the Netherlands. Thereafter, the author moves on to discuss the mechanisms that can ‘help to explain the dynamics of reaching a legitimate compromise’ (p. 1174), which is needed for the integrated reporting to progress successfully. Finally, Van Bommel discusses whether the setting in question appears as a durable legitimate compromise, possibly opening pathways to a more sustainable world, or as a private and temporary arrangement privileging particular worths over others. He concludes that ‘integrated reporting potentially typifies a private arrangement between firms, investors and accountants on the basis of market and industrial worth’ (p. 1178). Overall, the paper is a very insightful and highly readable piece, and it is beyond the scope of such a brief review to summarise or discuss the multiple dimensions this paper provides insights to. I would hence readily recommend this article not only to those seeking to better understand integrated reporting, but also to all those pondering on the role and relevance of corporate social and environmental reporting in societies more broadly.
EFFECT OF NPK AND BIOERTILIZER TYPES ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH , TUBER YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO

Two field experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2000 and 2001, at the Experimental station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, at Abies, to investigate the response of potato plants cv. Alpha, to two biofertilizer types (Nitrobein and Halex-2) under four varying percentages NPK; 25%, 50%, 75% and100% from the commercial recommended rates (180-60-96 Kg N-P-K fed -1 ). The results indicated that increasing NPK applied rate or inoculation with Halex-2 biofertilizer was accompanied with significant increases in plant height, number of branches and leaves, fresh weight and leaf area plant -1 . The mineral contents of leaves (N-PK) were positively and significantly responded as a result of increasing NPK application percent. Halex-2 appeared to be more effective than Nitrobein in this respect. Moreover, yield potential; i.e., total yield fed -1 , number of tubers plant -1 and average tuber weight were increased due to the application of 75% of the recommended NPK or biofertilizer inoculation treatments, particularly Halex-2 biofertilizer. The treatments enhanced most tuber quality characteristics (percentages of large and medium tuber sized, T.S.S. and total carbohydrates). Application of 75% of the recommended NPK level combined with Halex-2 biofertilizer appeared to be the most commercial and efficient treatment combination which gave balanced vegetative growth and higher yield potential with a best tuber quality. This particular treatment significantly produced higher yield (the increment in the total yield fed -1 was 19.8%, as average of the two seasons) than that obtained from the application of 1806096 Kg NPK fed -1 without J.Agric. &Env.Sci.Alex.Univ.,Egypt Vol.4 (2)2005 86 biofertilizer, as well as saved 25% from potato plants requirements of NPK fertilizers.
Prolactin levels in Behçet's disease: no correlation with disease manifestations and activity.

OBJECTIVE To assess prolactin level and its possible role in the pathogenesis and disease expression of patients with Behçet's disease (BD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with the diagnosis of Behçet's disease were selected. They all fulfilled the international criteria for BD. The control group consisted of 17 males and 6 females. Patients are divided into subgroups according to the clinical and paraclinical characteristics such as disease duration, ocular, articular and neurological involvement. Serum prolactin was measured by ELISA using Merck Kits on a Maggia 7000 Analyser. The normal range in males was<17ng/ml in males and<18ng/ml in females. The mean PRL level in each group and subgroup was calculated and compared with Student's t test. RESULTS The mean prolactin level in the BD group (mean=13.76, SD=6.82), was higher than in the control group (mean=10.13, SD=5.46) with no statistically significant difference. The mean prolactin levels in all subgroups of patients with BD were higher than normal, but no statistically significant difference was shown between these subgroups. CONCLUSION Hyperprolactinemia occurred in a small number of patients with BD and its significance remained unclear. Serum PRL level did not correlate with disease manifestations and activity.
Social Presence and Customer Brand Engagement in Corporate Facebook

To enhance consumer brand experience, marketers are increasing engagement in brand communities by using social media technology enabling them to interact directly with customers. Past studies reported that perceived social presence contributes to positive consumer attitudes towards websites selling physical products, but there has been limited research about how this works for social media corporate webpages. This pilot study examines the effects of social presence on customer engagement with the brand in a corporate Facebook environment. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 corporate and 4 marketing communications manager Facebook users. Results show that brand engagement results from viewing information, followed by clicking the like button, comments, and sharing. Motivations include informational, entertainment, economic, self-expression and socializing benefits. Social presence is important for engagement with products and people in the online brand community, which makes consumers more informed and positive about the brand, thus enhancing the brand experience.
Exploring international tourists' perceptions of hotel operations by using a modified SERVQUAL approach – a case study of Mauritius

Given the strategic importance of service quality in hotels of Mauritius, this paper investigates the perceptions of international tourists in hotels of Mauritius by employing a modified SERVQUAL approach Using a principal component factor analysis with a Varimax rotation technique, this study identifies nine hotel factors out of 39 hotel attributes and determines the levels of satisfaction among international tourists and their overall evaluation of service quality prevailing in the hotels. The results from the regression analysis suggest that the overall level of service quality is primarily derived from the “Reliability” factor. This study is strategically and managerially important to the hotel industry in Mauritius. From the results of the study, hotel managers can focus their efforts to provide quality service and facilities that international tourists perceive as being important in determining their overall service quality of the hotels.
On the decomposition of orthogonalities into symmetries

Two vectors a and b are called perpendicular if a'Gb=O. Two subspaces 9Z* and 9** are perpendicular if x'Gy =0 for all xC9Z*, yCgz**. Obviously, these relations are symmetric. The vectors perpendicular to a given vector respectively to a given m-space form an (n-1)space, respectively (n-m)-space. We call the matrix T orthogonal if it leaves the expression x'Gy unchanged for all x and y. This condition is equivalent to
COLLUSION IN AUDITING

This paper is concerned with the effects of collusion between agents in a principal-agent model of auditing. By collusion we mean private, extralegal arrangements in which agents agree to act in ways not intended by the owner.1 The effects of collusion can extend beyond cases when it is detected and prosecuted, because the potential for collusion may cause the owner to modify the agents' contracts or the firm's operating policies and accounting procedures. These actions by the owner may, in turn, distort economic activity relative to an environment with no potential for collusion. Such repercussions can be especially serious in auditing. Because auditing arose to overcome informational asymmetries between owners of resources and managers who acted on their behalf, its value depends crucially on whether the manager and the auditor collude. Owners can
The Choice of Capital-Reduction Payout Methods in Taiwan

We investigate how Taiwanese listed firms’ choice over direct cash distributions or open-market repurchases as their capital-reduction payout method. We propose three hypotheses to explain their choice: the supply inelasticity of stock hypothesis, the market-timing hypothesis and the flexibility hypothesis. The supply inelasticity of stock hypothesis suggests that capital-reduction firms are more likely to choose the direct cash distribution as their payout method when the size of capital reduction is relatively large to firms’ average trading volume. We find support for this hypothesis. The market-timing hypothesis posits that firms will choose the open-market repurchase when their shares have recently plunged in the market, while they will choose the direct cash distribution when their shares move in the opposite direction. We find strong support for this hypothesis. The flexibility hypothesis argues that as open-market repurchases are not a commitment as direct cash distributions, firms with a greater volatility of their cash flows and/or a lower level of their excess cash are more likely to choose the open-market repurchase as their payout methods. We find weak evidence for this hypothesis.
Effect of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung, kidney and small intestine of the rat

The effect of 16 d intake of 300 mg carotenoids/kg diet (β-carotene (βC), bixin (BX), lycopene (LY), lutein (LU), canthaxanthin (CX) or astaxanthin (AX)) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung, kidney and small intestine of male Wistar rats was assessed. A control group received the basal diet (AIN-76) without carotenoids and a positive control group for enzyme induction received 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) at 666 mg/kg diet. Cytochrome P450 activity was assessed using the substrates ethoxyresorufin for P450 1A1, methoxyresorufin for P450 1A2, pentoxyresorufin for P450 2B1/2 and benzyloxyresorufin for P450 types 1A1/2, 2B1/2 and 3A. Glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) and reduced glutathione status were assessed. Carotenoid uptake by the tissues was also determined. 3-MC and the carotenoids BX, CX and AX led to significant increases compared with control in liver, lung and kidney ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation. Methoxyresorufin-O-demethylation activity was significantly increased in liver and lung by BX, CX and AX but only CX and AX significantly increased activity in kidney. Pentoxyresorufin-O-depentylation and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dearylation increased in liver of 3-MC-, BX-, CX- and AX-treated rats, but to a much lesser degree than for the other two substrates. Benzyloxyresorufin-O-dearylation in lung was significantly decreased by all carotenoids. Activities of any of the measured enzymes in the small intestine were undetectable in all treatment groups except the 3-MC group. Glutathione status was unaffected by any of the treatments. This is the first study identifying the carotenoids BX, CX and AX as inducers of rat lung and kidney xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
1 . 1 Ambiguity and Ambiguity-Attitudes Following

This paper considers the impact of ambiguity in strategic situations. It extends the existing literature on games with ambiguity-averse players by allowing for optimistic responses to ambiguity. We use the CEU model of ambiguity with a class of capacities introduced by Jaffray and Philippe (1997), which allows us to distinguish ambiguity from ambiguity-attitude, and propose a new solution concept, Equilibrium under Ambiguity (EUA), for players who may be characterized by ambiguity-preference. Applying EUA, we study comparative statics of changes in ambiguity-attitude in games with strategic complements. This extends work in Eichberger and Kelsey (2002) on the e¤ects of increasing ambiguity if players are ambiguity averse. Address for Correspondence David Kelsey, Department of Economics, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4PU, ENGLAND. Keywords Ambiguity in games, support, strategic complementarity, optimism, multiple equilibria. JEL Classi cation C72, D81. Research supported by ESRC grant no. RES-000-22-0650 and a Leverhulme Research Fellowship. We would like to thank Dieter Balkenborg, Andrew Colman, Jayant Ganguli, Simon Grant, Sushma Murty, Anna Stepanova, Jean-Marc Tallon, Peter Wakker and participants in seminars at the universities of Bielefeld, Birmingham, Exeter, the Institute of Advanced Studies in Vienna, Paris School of Economics, FUR and RUD, the referees and editor of this journal for comments and suggestions.
Accounting and quality control in the Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville, 1744-90: an historical perspective

Studies in the history of accounting have, to date, centred on the costs and efficiency of productive systems. However, the influence of quality assurance in management control systems is an aspect that has not been studied in detail from an historical perspective. For that, this study analyses the use made of accounting techniques as a contributory element to quality control in the case of the Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville, belonging to the Spanish Tobacco Monopoly, during the second half of the eighteenth century.
11q21.1‐11q23.3 Is a site of intrinsic genomic instability triggered by irradiation

The chromosome location, 11q21‐23, is linked to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in multiple tumors including those of breast, lung, and head and neck. To examine the process of LOH induction, the H292 cell line (human muco‐epidermoid carcinoma) was irradiated or treated with anti‐CD95 antibody, and individual clones isolated through two rounds of cloning. Regions of LOH were determined by screening a suite of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers covering 11p15‐11q24 using fluorescent primers and genetic analyzer peak discrimination. LOH induction was observed extending through 11q21.1‐11q23.3 in 6/49 of clones surviving 4 Gy and 8/50 after 8 Gy. Analysis of selected clones by Affymetrix 6.0 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays confirmed the initial assessment indicating a consistent 27.3–27.7 Mbp deletion in multiple clones. The telomeric border of LOH mapped to a 1 Mbp region of elevated recombination. Whole genome analysis of SNP data indicated that site‐restricted LOH also occurred across multiple additional genomic locations. These data indicate that 11q21.1‐11q23.3, and potentially other regions of this cell line are sites of intrinsic cell‐specific instability leading to LOH after irradiation. Such deletions may subsequently be propagated by genetic selection and clonal expansion. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Product Innovation and Performancein SMEs

Abstract In small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), the leadership style of the top management can have a strong impact on the innovativeness and the performance of the firm. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of a particular leadership style, transformational leadership, on innovations, growth, and profitability. Drawing on a sample of 300 innovative SMEs from Carinthia (Austria), we analyzed a structural equation model (SEM), in which these constructs are linked (n=97). The results indicate that transformational leadership has a positive direct impact on innovation, growth and profitability. In addition to that, innovation positively impacts on growth and profitability. Our results indicate that transformational leadership might be an appropriate approach for the management of SMEs.
Lessons From The Economic Crisis of Europe - the Baltic States Companies Working Efficiency before and After the Crisis

The objective of this article is to analyse the labour productivity, or working efficiency of Baltic States before and after the economic crisis; and to compare them on the European Union (EU) level. Focus is Estonia as one of the most successful countries in the European Union. A number of proposals to increase labour productivity for both workers and entrepreneurs have been listed in the summary. The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) is region of Northern Europe. They country are the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea.
Are exporting firms always a good hedge against currency risk? Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries

This paper analyzes the exchange rate exposure of exporting firms in (the so far rarely addressed) largest Eastern European transition economies, i.e. Russia and three EU accession countries (CEEC-3). It also controls for possible effects of different exchange rate regimes. Substantially improving the results from the existing literature we find for more than 80% of firms in our sample a significant exchange rate exposure. However, the magnitude and direction of firms’ exposure depends on the particular exchange rate and clearly differs between Russia and the CEEC-3. We find that share prices increase with a depreciation of the domestic currency and only against the US Dollar in Russia, but decrease with a depreciation and only against the Euro in the CEEC-3. Such substantial differences may result from a differing dominance of exposure channels in the respective economies, such as the countryspecific export structure and foreign debt. Finally, the switch from a pegged to a flexible exchange rate regime appears to be less important for exposure.
The effect of product appearances on consumer emotions and behaviors: a perspective of involvement

The aim of this study was to investigate how the appearance of products influences consumer involvement which, in turn, determines the consumer’s emotions and behaviors. Stimulus–organism–response theory, emotional appraisal theory, and consumer involvement were used to construct the research framework in this study. 100 participants (53 males and 47 females) were enrolled in the experiment. The results demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between consumers’ emotions and levels of involvement when perceiving products’ appearances; furthermore, the results also showed that consumers’ emotions and involvements influence their preferences and purchasing intentions positively. The findings of the study clearly show that product appearance plays a significant role in consumer responses to consumer products (such as watches) through its influence on consumer emotions. Gender differences in terms of consumer responses to products are also discussed.
Canine lymphoma: a review

ABSTRACT Canine lymphoma (cL) is a common type of neoplasia in dogs with an estimated incidence rate of 20–100 cases per 100,000 dogs and is in many respects comparable to non-Hodgkin lymphoma in humans. Although the exact cause is unknown, environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are thought to play an important role. cL is not a single disease, and a wide variation in clinical presentations and histological subtypes is recognized. Despite this potential variation, most dogs present with generalized lymphadenopathy (multicentric form) and intermediate to high-grade lymphoma, more commonly of B-cell origin. The most common paraneoplastic sign is hypercalcemia that is associated with the T-cell immunophenotype. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice and a doxorubicin-based multidrug protocol is currently the standard of care. A complete remission is obtained for most dogs and lasts for a median period of 7–10 months, resulting in a median survival of 10–14 months. Many prognostic factors have been reported, but stage, immunophenotype, tumor grade, and response to chemotherapy appear of particular importance. Failure to respond to chemotherapy suggests drug resistance, which can be partly attributed to the expression of drug transporters of the ABC-transporter superfamily, including P-gp and BCRP. Ultimately, most lymphomas will become drug resistant and the development of treatments aimed at reversing drug resistance or alternative treatment modalities (e.g. immunotherapy and targeted therapy) are of major importance. This review aims to summarize the relevant data on cL, as well as to provide an update of the recent literature.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the polyol process and the influence of precursor injection

Spherical silver nanoparticles with various sizes and standard deviations were synthesized by the polyol process. Two different synthesis methods were compared in order to investigate the influence of reaction parameters on the resulting particle size and its distribution. In the precursor heating method, wherein a solution containing silver nitrate was heated to the reaction temperature, the ramping rate was determined to be a critical parameter affecting the particle size. In contrast, in the precursor injection method, in which a silver nitrate aqueous solution was injected into hot ethylene glycol, because of rapid nucleation, the injection rate and the reaction temperature were important factors in terms of reducing the particle size and attaining monodispersity. Silver nanoparticles with a size of 17 ± 2 nm were obtained at an injection rate of 2.5 ml s−1 and a reaction temperature of 100 °C.