Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct trans-plasma membrane redox pathways reduce cell-impermeable dyes in HeLa cells

Abstract Trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET) in mammalian cells has been demonstrated using artificial cell-impermeable dyes, but the extent to which reduction of these dyes involves distinct pathways remains unclear. Here we compare the properties of three commonly used dyes, WST-1, FeCN and DCIP. The presence of an intermediate electron carrier (mPMS or CoQ1) was obligatory for WST-1 reduction, whereas FeCN and DCIP were reduced directly. FeCN reduction was, however, greatly enhanced by CoQ1, whereas DCIP was unaffected. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aminooxyacetate (AOA), a malate/aspartate shuttle inhibitor, strongly inhibited WST-1 reduction and reduced DCIP reduction by 40–60%, but failed to affect FeCN reduction, indicating involvement of mitochondrial TCA cycle-derived NADH and a possible role for superoxide in WST-1 but not FeCN reduction. Reduction of all three substrates was similarly inhibited by dicoumarol, diphenyleneiodonium and capsaicin. These results demonstrate that WST-1 FeCN and DCIP are reduced by distinct tPMET pathways.
Evidence for a Different Susceptibility of Primate Lentiviruses to Type I Interferons

ABSTRACT Type I interferons induce a complex transcriptional program that leads to a generalized antiviral response against a large panel of viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, despite the fact that interferons negatively regulate HIV-1 ex vivo, a chronic interferon state is linked to the progression of AIDS and to robust viral replication, rather than protection, in vivo. To explain this apparent contradiction, we hypothesized that HIV-1 may have evolved a partial resistance to interferon, and to test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effects of alpha interferon (IFN-α) on the infectivity of HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), and rhesus monkey simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac). The results we obtained indicate that HIV-1 is more resistant to an IFN-α-induced response than are HIV-2 and SIVmac. Our data indicate that the accumulation of viral DNA is more compromised following the infection of IFN-α-treated cells with HIV-2 and SIVmac than with HIV-1. This defect correlates with a faster destabilization of HIV-2 viral nucleoprotein complexes (VNCs), suggesting a link between VNC destabilization and impaired viral DNA (vDNA) accumulation. The differential susceptibilities to IFN-α of the primate lentiviruses tested here do not map to the capsid protein (CA), excluding de facto a role for human tripartite motif protein isoform 5 alpha (Trim5α) in this restriction; this also suggests that an additional restriction mechanism differentially affects primate lentivirus infection. The different behaviors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 with respect to IFN-α responses may account at least in part for the differences in pathogenesis observed between these two virus types.
INTERORGANIZATIONAL TRUST AND ALLIANCE SUCCESS: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ALLIANCE EXPERIENCE

Most studies show that they are difficult to manage and that firms generally fail with roughly half the alliances they form, but number of firms employ alliances to maintain their competitive advantage remains increased. The existence of inter-organizational trust could guarantee that a formed alliance deliver success, although prior studies argue that under different conditions trust has different effects on alliance success. This study contributes to other different moderating question, for whom, which is rarely been discussed in the literature. Moreover, this study intentionally examines whether shadow of the past and shadow of the future remains contribute to the inter-organizational trust in different contexts. Based on a survey among 235 publiclylisted firms in Taiwan, this study reveals that shadow of the past and shadow of the future remains valid on explaining inter-organizational trust. Moreover, this study reports that interorganizational trust contribute to the success of alliance, in which alliance experiences could moderate the effect.
Making sense of school reform: a case study of mathematics and science teachers' sensemaking with one district's differentiation and detracking initiatives

v List of Figures . xi List of Tables . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Teacher Perceptions and Educational Reform . 1 Traditional Practices and Tracking . 3 Efforts to Detrack . 4 Statement of the Problem . 6 A Need to Increase Student Achievement in New Jersey . 7 College and Career Ready Education . 9 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions . 11 Contextual Importance of the Research Questions . 12 Significance of the Study . 13 Theoretical Framework: Sensemaking . 14 Defining “Sensemaking” and Levels of Change . 15 Sensemaking in Educational Reform . 16 Scope of the Study . 18 Limitations . 19 Chapter 2: Context of the Case Study . 21 One School’s Initial Response . 21 Teachers Respond With Frustration.22 Mixed Messages From Administration . 22 More Changes on the Horizon . 23 Unpromising State Test Results and New Administration . 23 vii Table of
Comparison of propofol/ketamine versus propofol/alfentanil for dilatation and curettage.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The use of propofol with an analgesic agent is probably the principal technique for the induction of anesthesia for dilatation and curettage (D&C) at the present time. We designed a randomized, double-blind study to compare the clinical efficacy of ketamine and alfentanil when combined with propofol for short-lasting anesthesia during D&C. METHODS The study included 60 patients scheduled for D&C. Either alfentanil 10 microg/kg(-1) IV (Group A) or ketamine 0.5 mg/kg(-1) IV (Group K) were given to each patient with propofol 0.7 mg/kg(-1) IV for anesthesia induction. Surgeon and patient satisfaction, Aldrete score, Verbal Pain Scale rating, total propofol dose, orientation time, and adverse events such as bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, and vomiting were evaluated. RESULTS In Group A orientation time was significantly shorter and propofol consumption significantly lower than in Group K. CONCLUSIONS Both alfentanil/propofol and ketamine/propofol combinations provide reliable and effective hypnosis and analgesia; however, the ketamine/propofol combination leads to higher consumption of propofol and results in a longer orientation time than the alfentanil/propofol combination.
If nearly all Airbnb reviews are positive, does that make them meaningless?

Peer-to-peer business models rely on interpersonal communication for their success. In this article, we focus on Airbnb – an exemplar of the so-called ‘sharing economy’ – and more specifically, on Airbnb’s reciprocal reviewing system, which enables both hosts and guests to review one another. Our study takes a computer-assisted, qualitative approach to explore linguistic patterns of evaluation in Airbnb reviews. Our findings indicate that Airbnb reviews tend to comprise a very restricted set of linguistic resources, establishing the site’s norm of highly positive commentary, which in turn makes Airbnb reviews, on the surface, appear to be quite similar to one another. However, a micro-analytic comparison of positive reviews reveals that less-than-positive experiences are sometimes communicated using more nuanced, subtle cues. This study contributes to existing literature on electronic word of mouth in the tourism industry by highlighting how evaluation is communicated, while simultaneously responding to hospitality scholars’ calls for analyses which extend beyond the star ratings and also take into account consumers’ constructions of experience in the review texts themselves.
Liposomal cytarabine for treatment of myeloid central nervous system relapse in chronic myeloid leukaemia occurring during imatinib therapy

Background Central nervous system (CNS) relapse in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is rare and if recorded is usually found to occur in patients with lymphoblastic transformation. The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is highly effective in patients with CML, but hardly crosses the blood–brain barrier.
Worker Betas: Five Facts About Systematic Earnings Risk

The magnitude of and heterogeneity in systematic earnings risk has important implications for various theories in macro, labor, and financial economics. Using administrative data, we document how the aggregate risk exposure of individual earnings to GDP and stock returns varies across gender, age, the worker’s earnings level, and industry. Aggregate risk exposure is U-shaped with respect to the earnings level. In the middle of the earnings distribution, aggregate risk exposure is higher for males, younger workers, and those in construction and durable manufacturing. At the top of the earnings distribution, aggregate risk exposure is higher for older workers and those in finance. Workers in larger employers are less exposed to aggregate risk, but they are more exposed to a common factor in employer-level earnings, especially at the top of the earnings distribution. Within an employer, higher-paid workers have higher exposure to the employer-level risk than lower-paid workers.
Separate care for new mother and infant versus rooming-in for increasing the duration of breastfeeding.

BACKGROUND Separate care for a new mother and infant may affect the duration of breastfeeding, breastfeeding behaviour and may have an adverse effect on neonatal and maternal outcomes. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of mother-infant separation versus rooming-in on the duration of breastfeeding (exclusive and total duration of breastfeeding). SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 June 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of separate mother-infant care versus rooming-in after hospital birth or at home on the duration of breastfeeding, proportion of breastfeeding at six months and adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion and assessed trial quality. Two review authors extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS There were 23 reports from 19 potential trials identified. After assessment, one trial (involving 176 women) met our inclusion criteria.One trial reported an overall median duration of any breastfeeding of four months. Exclusive breastfeeding before discharge from hospital (at day four postpartum) was significantly lower in the separate care group compared with the rooming-in group (risk ratio (RR) 0.58; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.81; one trial, 141 women). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found little evidence to support or refute the practice of mother-infant separation versus rooming-in. Therefore, we see no reason to practise it. We recommend a well designed RCT to investigate full mother-infant rooming-in versus partial rooming-in or separate care on all of the primary and secondary outcomes suggested.
Prospective Study of the Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Kaposi Sarcoma‐Associated Herpesvirus Infection in Patients With and Without Kaposi Sarcoma

Objective: To investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on circulating Kaposi sarcoma (KS)‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) load in HIV‐infected individuals with and without KS. Design: Twenty‐nine HIV‐infected subjects (21 with KS and 8 without KS) were recruited for the study; they were prospectively studied before and at regular intervals during HAART. Methods: Patients with KS were clinically assessed using Adult Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) criteria, and sequential blood samples were obtained from all patients for determination of plasma HIV‐1 load, CD4 cell count, titer of antibody to KSHV, and KSHV load. Results: Ten of 21 patients with KS had a favorable KS response (complete response, 6; partial response, 4) with HAART alone. Of the 20 subjects with detectable KSHV viremia prior to HAART, over one half (12 [60%]) had an undetectable KSHV load with antiretroviral therapy. There was no significant difference between subjects receiving protease inhibitor‐ or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based treatment combinations. Achieving undetectable KSHV viremia is associated with a better clinical outcome in patients with KS. Conclusions: To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that both protease inhibitor‐based and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based antiretroviral treatment combinations may lead to an undetectable KSHV load and confirm that an undetectable KSHV load is associated with KS regression. There was no clear association between CD4 cell count response and KS response to HAART, but there was a significant relationship between HIV load response to HAART and clinical improvement of KS.
The presentation, treatment and outcome of renal cell carcinoma in old age.

OBJECTIVE To review clinical presentation and outcome of patients with a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma at a district general hospital and assess whether older patients were more likely to present in a non-specific manner or receive more conservative management and whether their survival was less favourable. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 39 patients presenting with a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma between 1987 and 1995 were identified from hospital activity analysis data and histopathology records. We divided the subjects into young patients (< 69 years: n = 27) and elderly patients (>70 years: n = 10), and made a retrospective analysis of clinical features, laboratory results, pathology, staging, treatment and survival from hospital records. RESULTS Anaemia, hypertension and weight loss were common clinical features in both young and elderly groups. The prevalence of non-urological symptoms did not differ between study groups. Anaemia was frequently microcytic and hypochromic. Hypertension was present in 46% of patients and one-third of these were newly diagnosed. In 19% of patients with renal cell carcinoma, the diagnosis was made incidentally while imaging for other indications. Elderly patients were as likely to receive surgical treatment as younger patients. Survival differed with stage but not age. CONCLUSIONS Neither clinical presentation, management nor survival differed between the young and elderly subjects. Renal cell carcinoma should be considered in elderly patients with systemic features such as malaise or weight loss associated with anaemia, hypertension and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Pelvic Exenterations for Gynecological Malignancies: A Study of 36 Cases

Objective Evaluation of surgical outcomes, survival, and morbidity associated with pelvic exenteration (PE) performed for gynecologic malignancies. Methods Review of 36 consecutive patients who underwent PE between June 1999 and April 2010. Results Pelvic exenteration was performed for cancer of the cervix (n = 18), endometrium (n = 9), vagina/vulva (n = 8), and ovary (n = 1). Four patients underwent PE as primary treatment and 32 patients for recurrent disease after pelvic radiotherapy. Median age was 57 years (range, 35–81 years). Bricker (n = 17), Mainz pouch (n = 10), and augmentation after bladder resection (n = 6) were used as urinary derivations. J-pouch coloanal anastomosis was performed in 14, colostomy in 13, and side-to-end anastomosis in 4 patients. There was no operative mortality. The most important postoperative complications were rectovaginal fistula (5), urinary leakage (2), vesicovaginal fistula (1), and sepsis (3). One of the 6 patients with a partial cystectomy developed a vesicovaginal fistula, which was successfully treated with a Martius flap. With a median follow-up of 78 months (range, 2–131) months, the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 44% and 52%, respectively. Five-year DSS for cervical, endometrial, and vaginal/vulvar cancer was 44%, 80%, and 57%, respectively. Combined operative and radiotherapeutic treatment (CORT) was performed in 3 patients with pelvic side wall relapse. Of the 15 patients 65 years or older, a 5-year DSS of 71% was observed in comparison with 42% in the younger subgroup, and their complication rates were similar to the younger patient group. Thirteen patients (36%) reported to have psychological disturbances associated with stoma-related problems. Only 3 patients requested a vaginal reconstruction during follow-up. Conclusions Pelvic exenteration offers a sustained survival with an acceptable morbidity in patients with advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancer. Older age was not associated with higher morbidity/mortality in this series.
Cholinergic suppression specific to intrinsic not afferent fiber synapses in rat piriform (olfactory) cortex.

1. Differences in the cholinergic suppression of afferent and intrinsic fiber synaptic transmission were studied in the rat piriform cortex. Extracellular and intracellular recording techniques were applied in an in vitro transverse slice preparation. Afferent and intrinsic fiber systems were differentially stimulated with electrodes placed in layer Ia or layer Ib, respectively. Synaptic responses were monitored in the presence of cholinergic agonists and antagonists. 2. Afferent and intrinsic fiber synaptic potentials measured extracellularly showed large differences in sensitivity to micromolar concentrations of the cholinergic agonists carbachol or (+/-)-muscarine, or to acetylcholine combined with neostigmine. Intrinsic fiber synaptic responses in layer Ib were strongly reduced in the presence of cholinergic agonists, whereas afferent fiber synaptic responses in layer Ia were largely unaffected. At a concentration of 100 microM, all three agonists caused a greater than 60% decrease in the height of the intrinsic fiber synaptic potential but less than 15% reduction in the afferent fiber synaptic potential. 3. Intracellular recordings confirmed that the cholinergic agonist carbachol selectively suppresses intrinsic fiber synaptic potentials but not afferent fiber synaptic potentials recorded from the same pyramidal cell. 4. Dose-response curves to carbachol were obtained for both fiber systems using extracellular recording of evoked field potentials. Carbachol suppressed intrinsic fiber synaptic potentials with a coefficient of dissociation (KD) estimated at 2.9 microM and an inhibitory concentration for 50% response estimated at 6.6 microM. 5. Carbachol produced a proportionately greater suppression of the first pulse than the second pulse of a pulse pair. This increase in the level of facilitation accompanying suppression suggests a presynaptic mechanism. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bank‐Owned Life Insurance and Bank Risk

The use of bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) has more than tripled since 2001 and has caught the attention of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. We find increases in BOLI lead to higher levels of liquidity risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk. Robustness tests confirm these results and suggest over and under investment in BOLI and use of BOLI as a tax shelter contribute to risk increases. Results indicate that the concerns expressed by regulators are warranted, and suggest insurance may not always have the intended effect of reducing firm risk because of unintended consequences or misuse.
Patterns of Pesticide Use and Their Determinants Among Wives of Farmer Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Pesticide exposure among farmers' wives is poorly characterized. Using questionnaire data from a cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses, we investigated patterns of pesticide use among farmers' wives (n = 31,173). Wives reported a wide range of pesticide use: 36% never used pesticides during their lifetimes, whereas the heaviest pesticide users (10%) reported lifetime use of 3 or more agricultural pesticides plus commonly used residential pesticides. We identified 5 ordinal pesticide-use categories and studied factors associated with each category through polytomous logistic regression. Engaging in field work and household hygiene practices that could increase exposure were associated with pesticide use, and associations appeared to strengthen with increasing pesticide use category. Farm women reporting the heaviest pesticide use could exacerbate their exposure by engaging in practices that could increase pesticide contact.
Reproductive performance with an automated activity monitoring system versus a synchronized breeding program

Automated activity monitoring is being increasingly used in the dairy industry for reproductive management, but there are few studies assessing its performance relative to synchronized breeding programs. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive performance of dairy cows managed with an automated activity monitoring (AAM) system with that of cows managed with a synchronized breeding program under field conditions.
SIMPLE DEVELOPMENTAL SPEECH DELAY: A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY

The authors followed 38 children with delayed speech development approximately two to four years after initial diagnosis, assessing and comparing their subsequent speech and language, and over‐all development. Nearly all of the children had appropriate language levels for their general development. Just over half had less articulation competence than expected for their age, but this was not related to language achievement or age. It appears that the prognosis for future language development is favourable for these children. The results suggest that articulation might be a developmentally related process with a good prognosis, but further follow‐up is necessary to determine ultimate competence of children in whom this is delayed.
The lead–lag relationship between the spot and futures markets in China

Based on daily and one-minute high-frequency returns, this paper examines the lead–lag dependence between the CSI 300 index spot and futures markets from 2010 to 2014. A nonparametric and non-linear method based on the thermal optimal path method is adopted. Empirical results of the daily data indicate that the lead–lag relationship between the two markets is within one day but this relationship is volatile since neither of the two possible situations (the futures leads or lags behind the spot market) takes a dominant place. Our results using the high-frequency data demonstrate that there is a price discovery in the Chinese futures market: the intraday one-minute futures return leads the cash return by 0–5 min regardless of the price trend of the market.