Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Central Sumatran Subduction Zone Revealed by Local Earthquake Travel Time Tomography Using Amphibious Data

The Sumatran subduction zone exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent examples of the 2004, 2005 and 2007 earthquakes. Here, we invert travel time data of local earthquakes for v p and v p /v s velocity models of the central Sumatran forearc. Data were acquired by an amphibious seismometer network consisting of 52 land stations and 10 20 ocean bottom seismometers located on a segment of the Sumatran subduction zone that had not ruptured in a great earthquake since 1797 but witnessed recent ruptures to the north in 2005 (Nias earthquake, Mw=8.7) and to the south in 2007 (Bengkulu earthquake, Mw=8.5). 2D and 3D v p velocity anomalies reveal the downgoing slab and the sedimentary basins. Although the seismicity pattern in the study area appears to be strongly influenced by the obliquely subducting Investigator Fracture Zone to at least 200 km depth, the 3D velocity model shows prevailing trench parallel structures at 25 depths of the plate interface. The tomographic model suggests a thinned crust below the basin east of the forearc islands (Nias, Pulau Batu, Siberut) at ~180 km distance to the trench. V p velocities beneath the magmatic arc and the Sumatran fault zone SFZ are around 5 km/s at 10 km depth and the v p /v s ratios in the uppermost 10 km are low, indicating the presence of felsic lithologies typical for continental crust. We find moderately elevated v p /v s values of 1.85 at ~150 km distance to the trench in the region of the Mentawai fault. V p /v s ratios suggest absence of large scale alteration of the mantle wedge and 30 might explain why the seismogenic plate interface (observed as a locked zone from geodetic data) extends below the continental forearc Moho in Sumatra. Reduced v p velocities beneath the forearc basin covering the region between Mentawai Islands and the Sumatra mainland possibly reflect a reduced thickness of the overriding crust.
The role of personality in the development of positive affect

The relation between positive (state) affect and personality received considerable attention in previous research, but it remained unclear whether the Big Five personality characteristics are related to the development of positive affect on a state level (the experience of affect in one moment) over a longer period of time. The present study sought to fill that gap by investigating the role of the Big Five personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Imagination/Intellect) in the development of positive affect as a state over a six-year period of time. The analysis draws on data from the representative Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social sciences (LISS panel) and included 2826 respondents between 2008 and 2013. Positive state affect was measured with the positive affect subscale of the PANAS, and personality was assessed with the 50-item version of the IPIP. Differences in the development of positive affect over time were investigated for respectively high and low scorers on each personality dimension. Data of four measurement occasions (2008, 2009, 2011, 2013) were included in the analyses, which consisted of Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression analysis and repeated-measures ANOVA’s. In general, positive state affect was found to be moderately stable over a six year period and showed a slight but significant decrease. All Big Five personality dimensions were found to have low positive associations with positive affect, with extraversion having the strongest relationship. The five dimensions explained together 17.7% of the variance of positive state affect. Significant interaction effects indicated that the decrease in positive affect took place between different measurement occasions for high and low scorers on each of the personality dimensions, except for agreeableness. The findings of the present study suggest that even momentarily affective conditions have a dispositional character to some extent, instead of being exclusively dependent on situational factors. As positive emotions do serve as a promising starting point for mental health promotion programs, future research might address possible implications of the relationship between positive affect and individual differences in personality.
Polymetamorphic origin of muscovite+cordierite+staurolite+ biotite assemblages: implications for the metapelitic petrogenetic grid and for P–T paths

Metapelites containing muscovite, cordierite, staurolite and biotite (Ms+Crd+St+Bt) are relatively rare but have been reported from a number of low‐pressure (andalusite–sillimanite) regional metamorphic terranes. Paradoxically, they do not occur in contact aureoles formed at the same low pressures, raising the question as to whether they represent a stable association. A stable Ms+Crd+St+Bt assemblage implies a stable Ms+Bt+Qtz+Crd+St+Al2SiO5+Chl+H2O invariant point (IP1), the latter which has precluded construction of a petrogenetic grid for metapelites that reconciles natural phase relations at high and low pressure. Petrogenetic grids calculated from internally consistent thermodynamic databases do not provide a reliable means to evaluate the problem because the grid topology is sensitive to small changes in the thermodynamic data. Topological analysis of invariant point IP1 places strict limits on possible phase equilibria and mineral compositions for metamorphic field gradients at higher and lower pressure than the invariant point. These constraints are then compared with natural data from contact aureoles and reported Ms+Crd+St+Bt occurrences. We find that there are numerous topological, textural and compositional incongruities in reported natural assemblages that lead us to argue that Ms+Crd+St+Bt is either not a stable association or is restricted to such low pressures and Fe‐rich compositions that it is rarely if ever developed in natural rocks. Instead, we argue that reported Ms+Crd+St+Bt assemblages are products of polymetamorphism, and, from their textures, are useful indicators of P–T paths and tectonothermal processes at low pressure. A number of well‐known Ms+Crd+St+Bt occurrences are discussed within this framework, including south‐central Maine, the Pyrenees and especially SW Nova Scotia.
The XXL Survey - II. The bright cluster sample: catalogue and luminosity function

Context. The XXL Survey is the largest survey carried out by the XMM-Newton satellite and covers a total area of 50 square degrees distributed over two fields. It primarily aims at investigating the large-scale structures of the Universe using the distribution of galaxy clusters and active galactic nuclei as tracers of the matter distribution. The survey will ultimately uncover several hundreds of galaxy clusters out to a redshift of similar to 2 at a sensitivity of similar to 10 (14) erg s (1) cm (2) in the [0.5-2] keV band. Aims. This article presents the XXL bright cluster sample, a subsample of 100 galaxy clusters selected from the full XXL catalogue by setting a lower limit of 3 x 10(-1)4 erg s(-1) cm(-2) on the source flux within a 1' aperture. Methods. The selection function was estimated using a mixture of Monte Carlo simulations and analytical recipes that closely reproduce the source selection process. An extensive spectroscopic follow-up provided redshifts for 97 of the 100 clusters. We derived accurate X-ray parameters for all the sources. Scaling relations were self-consistently derived from the same sample in other publications of the series. On this basis, we study the number density, luminosity function, and spatial distribution of the sample. Results. The bright cluster sample consists of systems with masses between M-500 = 7 x 10(13) and 3 x 10(14) M-circle dot, mostly located between z = 0.1 and 0.5. The observed sky density of clusters is slightly below the predictions from the WMAP9 model, and significantly below the prediction from the Planck 2015 cosmology. In general, within the current uncertainties of the cluster mass calibration, models with higher values of sigma(8) and/or Omega(M) appear more difficult to accommodate. We provide tight constraints on the cluster differential luminosity function and find no hint of evolution out to z similar to 1. We also find strong evidence for the presence of large-scale structures in the XXL bright cluster sample and identify five new superclusters.
Modelling the effects of soil moisture and solute conditions on long-term tree growth and water use : a case study from the Shepparton irrigation area , Australia

This paper discusses the growth and hydrologic impact of a small (2 ha) 21-year old plantation growing over a shallow saline water table at Kyabram, in the Shepparton irrigation area. Using TOPOG_Dynamic, an ecohydrological model, we simulate leaf and stem growth, water use and salt accumulation of the plantation, and assess likely future trends. The model results are compared to measurements of leaf area index, transpiration, and water table dynamics over a 4-year period, and to water table dynamics, stem growth, and salt accumulation over the life of the plantation. The model generally performed well but tended to underestimate stem growth, and bias root growth too heavily towards the surface. Shallow root activity affects the depth of the majority of salt accumulation within the soil column. Simulations are used to examine the effects of water table depth at planting, groundwater salinity and tree salt sensitivity on growth, salt accumulation and water table dynamics. The effect of depth to water table at the time of planting is found to be highly dependent on the salinity of that water table. If the groundwater salinity is 700 mg lÿ1 the water table is drawn down, but if the water has a salinity of 6000 m lÿ1, then after an initial period of drawdown, the water table rises again. The sensitivity of the plantation to salt concentration appears to have the most significant influence on growth, especially if groundwater has a salinity above 2000 mg lÿ1. Simulations of harvesting a plantation and returning the site to pasture suggested that there may be a severe degradation of future pasture production on that site, as the salt which had accumulated beneath the plantation rises into the root zone of the pasture when irrigation recommences. It is likely that a substantially increased leaching fraction would be required to negate this salt rise. When the plantation is irrigated, wood production increases, but the increased Agricultural Water Management 39 (1999) 283±315 * Corresponding author. Tel. : +61-2-6246-5848; fax: +61-2-6246-5845; e-mail: richard.silberstein@cbr.clw. csiro.au 0378-3774/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 8 3 7 7 4 ( 9 8 ) 0 0 0 8 3 3 water requirements, and lesser environmental benefit from a shallower water table would need to be considered before irrigation could be recommended. The simulations presented here suggest that finding the best plantation rotation involves a balance between pasture and plantation productivity. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Current development of business environment in Slovakia and Czech Republic

At the time of globalisation business environment of a country is significantly affect success of domestic businesses, respectively their products, on foreign markets. Also, conditions for business of a state have an influence on its attractiveness for potential foreign investments. The paper provides results of the analysis and subsequent comparison of business environments of Slovakia and Czech Republic and other selected countries over 2014 - 2015 on the basis of data provided by organisations dealing with business environment surveys such as the World Bank, World Economic Forum and Heritage Foundation. Critical insights, which could be instrumental for economic policy implications are formulated.
Structure-Function of Serotonin in Bivalve Molluscs

It has been observed that 5-HT excites the heart nerves in hard clam and regulates con- traction and relaxation of the anterior byssus retractor muscle in the blue mussel. It is now known that 5-HT regulates several neurobehavioral systems such as mood, appetite, sleep, learning, and memory. It also plays critical roles in the physiological functions of peripheral organs involved in stress, growth, and reproduction in the animal kingdom. The present study reviews conserved 5-HT biosynthesis and its localization in the ner- vous system, and its physiological contribution to regulate reproduction in bivalves. In the cytosol of neurons, tryptophan hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of l -tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, which is converted to 5-HT by aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase. A 5-HT transporter and a monoamine oxidase reuptakes and metabolizes 5-HT to control the amount of released 5-HT in the nervous system and peripheral organs. Perikarya and fibers of 5-HT neurons are mostly located in the cortices and neuropil of ganglia, respectively, and innervate the gonad. However, distribution and 5-HT content differ among species and sexes and undergo seasonal variations associated with gonadal development. The present review pays a special attention to future research perspectives to better understand 5-HT regulation of reproduction in bivalves. destruction of 5-HT also exists which is mediated by monoamine oxidase (MOA) located in the outer membrane of mitochondria (Mt). The MOA catalyzes the oxidative deaminative of 5-HT to 5-hydroxy-3-indolacetaldehyde (5-HIAL) that is metabolized into 5-hydroxy-3- indolacetic acid (5-HIAA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Released 5-HT binds to its receptor(s) on the surface of a postsynaptic cell or postsynaptic neuron (not shown in the figure) to trigger intracellular signaling required for a cellular response, e.g., stimulation of oocyte and sperm maturation. The 5-HT receptors are mainly G-protein coupled receptor (5-HT 1, 2, 4, 6, 5, and 7 receptors), which induce adenylate cyclase (AC) or phospholipase C signaling (PLC). However, the 5-HT 3 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel and regulates ionic influx.
Heterotrophic Utilisation of Mucilage Released During Fragmentation of Kelp (Ecklonia maxima and Laminana pallida) II. Differential Utilisation of Dissolved Organic Components from Kelp Mucilage

Mannitol, and to a lesser extent sugars plus alginates, released in mucilage during fragmentation of kelp is utilised by bacteria in the water column. Incubation of 6.4 g 1-' dried mucilage from Ecklonia maxima and 7.2g 1-' from Laminaria pallida at 10 "C results in a utilisation of more than 50 % of the mannitol within 48 h whereas alginates plus sugars reach 50 % of their initial concentration in 6-10 d. There are, however, marked seasonal differences in conversion efficiency. In the winter, incubation media were colonised by small cocci and rods and the increase in biomass of bacteria per unit carbon loss was approximately 12 %. Incubation of the same mucilage from L. pallida in seawater collected during the summer, however, resulted in the development of a population of large rods with a biomass about 3 X that of the smaller rods which predominated in the wlnter incubation experiments. The increase in biomass of bacteria per unit carbon loss amounted to as much as 29.4 % in the summer incubation experiments. The annual dry weight of muc~lage production during fragmentation from a small kelp bed of 700 ha is 1458.38 X 104 kg and estimated to be capable of supporting a dry biomass of approximately 30 X 104 kg bacteria and 3 X 104 kg dry biomass of flagellates and ciliates. The high density of filterand deposit-feeding organisms which characterise the kelp bed suggests that the community as a whole is largely dependent on the flow of energy through these initial stages of the decomposer food chain based on kelp.
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Lettuce and Irrigation Water in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

antibiotic-resistance in Enterococcus isolates related to erythromycin and co-trimoxazole. ABSTRACT Background: Enterococcus spp. , belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria, are Gram-positive ubiquitous commensals of the intestines of human beings as well as warm-blooded animals. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: A total of 72 samples, including leaves of lettuce (n=36) and irrigation water (n=36) were randomly collected from three different agricultural sites located in Abidjan city, Côte d'Ivoire. After microbial analysis and identification of Enterococcus spp. by culturing and biochemical methods, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed by statistical processing software R (R 3.0 for Windows). Results: E. faecalis was recognized as the most prevalent strain which was found in 27 out of 36 (75%) lettuce as well as 29 out of 36 (80.5%) irrigation water samples. The mean Enterococcus load of lettuces and irrigation water samples were 2.3±0.7 and 3.6±2 log Colony Forming Unit per g lettuce, respectively. Among 45 studied enterococci isolates, the most antibiotic-resistance rates were related to erythromycin (54%) and also co-trimoxazole (49%). Conclusion: There is a considerable public health concern regarding raw consumption of lettuce cultivated in Abidjan city which can cause gastroenteritis diseases in consumers.
Implementing continuing professional teacher development : policy and practice

It is important for South African teachers to be appropriately equipped to meet the growing needs and challenges of the country. The dire need for suitably qualified teachers is addressed in South Africa's National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development. This article attempts to address the problem of how Continuing Professional Teacher Development (CPTD), as stipulated by the National Policy Framework, can be implemented to create a collaborative learning culture in schools. The article uses the conceptual frameworks for collective learning to interpret the literature and the findings. Die implementering van professionele onderwysersontwikkeling: beleid en praktyk Dit is belangrik vir Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysers om goed opgelei te word om in die groeiende behoeftes en uitdagings van die land te voorsien. Die ernstige behoefte om in die nood van toepaslik gekwalifiseerde onderwysers te voorsien, word aangespreek deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Beleidsraamwerk vir Onderwysdersopleiding en Ontwikkeling. Hierdie artikel poog om die probleem van hoe Voortgesette Professionele Onderwysersopleiding, soos gestipuleer deur die Beleidsraamwerk, geimplementeer kan word om 'n kollaboratiewe leerkultuur in skole te skep, aan te spreek. Die artikel gebruik die konsepsuele raamwerke vir kollektiewe leer om die literatuur en bevindinge te interpreteer.
THE BAKA AS "CHAMPIONS" OF WITCHCRAFT: REPRESENTATIONS IN THE AMBIVALENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BAKA AND THE BAKWELE IN SOUTHEASTERN CAMEROON

This paper investigates the relationship between the Baka hunter-gatherers and the Bakwele farmers in southeastern Cameroon, focusing on their narratives about witchcraft. It has been suggested that Baka witchcraft was borrowed from the Bantu farmers. However, the Bakwele people assume that Baka witchcraft is more powerful than their own. The focus of this study is on representations of witchcraft in both societies; kiti in the Bakwele and mokilakila in the Baka. They appear to be similar on a superficial level; however, major differences exist. From a Bakwele perspective, even jengi, the most important and powerful spirit among the Baka, and its associated members, are related to witchcraft. Associations with jengi and notions about witchcraft are a combination of historical, economic and political relationships between the Baka and the Bakwele under the "multiple-game situation. " The complex interrelations of their self- and other-representations in this multiple-game situation are discussed.
Compassion and Forgiveness- Based Intervention Program on Enhancing the Subjective Well-Being of Filipino Counselors: A Quasi-Experimental Study

This study reports the initial try out of an intervention program aimed to enhance subjective wellbeing through increase in individual's levels of compassion and forgiveness. The program was conducted among Filipino counselors. A single group pretest-posttest quasiexperimental design was adopted to test the effect of the Compassion and Forgiveness-Based Intervention Program on subjective well-being. Sixteen counselors enrolled in their post graduate degree were recruited to participate in the modular courses held in four sessions, four hours per session run in a two-month period. Pre-test and posttest assessments were conducted before and after the intervention program. Results obtained from paired t-tests demonstrated significant increase in the counselors' levels of compassion for others, self-compassion, forgiveness of others and subjective well-being after the intervention program. The results provide initial evidence on the role of compassion and forgiveness as pathways to subjective well-being. It is recommended that more interventionist research agenda be conducted to further examine the role of compassion, forgiveness to counselors' well-being
Guiding Questions: Guidelines for Leadership Education Programs.

Appropriate design and redesign of programs, responses to accreditation agencies, and internal academic legitimacy concerns are critical challenges in education in general and in leadership education in particular. Guiding Questions : Guidelines for Leadership Education Programs (Guiding Questions ), a member initiated project sponsored by the International Leadership Association (ILA), provides a framework to address these challenges. In this paper, we first describe the background and context of this initiative. Second, we introduce the Overview of the five sections of Guiding Questions : Conceptual Framework, Context, Content, Teaching and Learning, and Outcomes and Assessment. Third, we present results of initial field tests of the Overview and its framework within three different North American universities. Finally, we discuss next steps and invite the reader to get involved in the further development of Guiding Questions .
The Widening Socio-Economic Gap in UK Higher Education

This paper provides up-to-date empirical evidence on the socio-economic gap in higher education (HE) participation, for the period spanning the introduction of tuition fees. We assess whether the gap has widened and ask whether the socio-economic gap emerges on entry into university or much earlier in the education system. We do this in two ways. Firstly we consider the likelihood of going to university for school leavers in poor neighbourhoods and analyse changes in this likelihood over time. Secondly, we use more detailed individual level data to model the determinants of HE participation, focusing on changes in the relationship between family background and HE participation over time. We find that the growth in HE participation amongst poorer students has been remarkably high, mainly because it was starting from such a low base. However, the gap between rich and poor, in terms of HE participation, has widened during the 1990s. Children from poor neighbourhoods have become relatively less likely to participate in HE since 1994/5, as compared to children from richer neighbourhoods. This trend started before the introduction of tuition fees. Much of the class difference in HE participation seems to reflect inequalities at earlier stages of the education system.