Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antihyperlipidemic potential of a polyherbal preparation on triton WR 1339 (Tyloxapol) induced hyperlipidemia: A comparison with lovastatin

We investigated the antihyperlipidemic activity of an aqueous extract of a herbal preparation from a combination of six Indian medicinal plants. The current study was undertaken to assess the hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic potential of the polyherbal extract using Triton WR 1339 (Tyloxapol) induced hyperlipidemia. The animals were divided into four groups’normal control, hyperlipidemic control, hyperlipidemic plus polyherbal extract and hyperlipidemic plus Lovastatin. Hyperlipidemia was induced by single intravenous injection of Triton WR 1339. Intragastric administration of polyherbal extract (500mg/kg of body weight) significantly decreased plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, non-HDL-C and phospholipids levels and increased HDL-C levels. Atherogenic index and triglyceride secretion rate were lowered in the polyherbal extract fed animals when compared to hyperlipidemic animals. Polyherbal extract exhibited quite competitive potential when compared with the reference drug Lovastatin affording a possible alternative therapeutic agent in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Key words: Hypercholesterolemia, polyherbal, triton WR 1339
Nitrification: Importance to Nutrient Losses from a Cutover Forested Ecosystem

The nitrate concentration (weighted average) in stream water from an experimentally deforested watershed increased from 0.9 milligram per liter before removal of the vegetation to 53 milligrams per liter 2 years later. This nitrate mobilization, presumably due to increased microbial nitrification, was equivalent to all of the other net cationic increases and anionic decreases observed in tae drainage water.
Decidability for Left-Linear Growing Term Rewriting Systems

A term rewriting system is called growing if each variable occurring on both the left-hand side and the right-hand side of a rewrite rule occurs at depth zero or one in the left-hand side. Jacquemard showed that the reachability and the sequentiality of linear (i.e., left-right-linear) growing term rewriting systems are decidable. In this paper we show that Jacquemard’s result can be extended to left-linear growing rewriting systems that may have right-nonlinear rewrite rules. This implies that the reachability and the joinability of some class of right-linear term rewriting systems are decidable, which improves the results for right-ground term rewriting systems by Oyamaguchi. Our result extends the class of left-linear term rewriting systems having a decidable call-by-need normalizing strategy. Moreover, we prove that the termination property is decidable for almost orthogonal growing term rewriting systems. C © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)
Strength Properties of Avocado Pear

Abstract Avocado pear, like other fruits, are susceptible to different kinds of damage at and after harvest. Such damage is a major cause of quality loss in avocados. In order to reduce these losses, it is necessary to know the strength properties of the fruit. Such properties help in devising proper equipment for harvesting, storing, transporting, processing and general handling of avocados. Some strength properties of ‘Collison’ avocados were investigated in this paper. It was found that the fruit exhibits superior strength properties at harvest, and the properties generally changed very little within the first 7 days after harvest, after which they reduced rapidly. At harvest, fruits can be packed in wooden boxes up to about 35 layers without damage, while 15 days after harvest they can be packed only about two layers in the boxes. The degree of elasticity at harvest was 87% while 15 days after harvesting it was 40%. At harvest, 25% of the fruits were damaged at a drop height of 500 mm, while 15 days after harvest more than 90% were damaged at the same drop height. Drop heights above 250 mm often resulted in cracking and crushing damage at more than 7 days after harvest. At 15 days post-harvest, fruit were cut twice as fast as freshly harvested ones. At harvest a load of 36 N caused a penetration of 5 mm, while 15 days after harvest 7·5 N caused the same amount of penetration. A load of 10 N caused a penetration of 1 mm at harvest compared to 5·3 mm 15 days after harvest.
Deep neural network driven mixture of PLDA for robust i-vector speaker verification

In speaker recognition, the mismatch between the enrollment and test utterances due to noise with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) is a great challenge. Based on the observation that noise-level variability causes the i-vectors to form heterogeneous clusters, this paper proposes using an SNR-aware deep neural network (DNN) to guide the training of PLDA mixture models. Specifically, given an i-vector, the SNR posterior probabilities produced by the DNN are used as the posteriors of indicator variables of the mixture model. As a result, the proposed model provides a more reasonable soft division of the i-vector space compared to the conventional mixture of PLDA. During verification, given a test trial, the marginal likelihoods from individual PLDA models are linearly combined by the posterior probabilities of SNR levels computed by the DNN. Experimental results for SNR mismatch tasks based on NIST 2012 SRE suggest that the proposed model is more effective than PLDA and conventional mixture of PLDA for handling heterogeneous corpora.
An Analysis of Infant Feeding Content Found Within the Hong Kong Print Media

Worldwide public media greatly affect women's decisions about infant feeding and may not reflect evidence-based practices. The aims of this research were to (1) describe the characteristics of printed articles having infant-feeding content, (2) describe this thematic content, and (3) compare the thematic content found in groupings based on media type and language (English and Chinese). Four Chinese-language newspapers, the English-language newspaper, and 3 bilingual parenting magazines were analyzed. A multiphase qualitative and quantitative content analysis found 5 themes (social context, mothers' information, effects on baby, the value of breast milk, and the utility of formula). Significant differences were found based on media type and language. Although breastfeeding was usually positively framed in all the media, Chinese media had more inaccurate information. Through this analysis, areas where actions could be taken to improve the quality of information about infant feeding received by the public have been identified. J Hum Lact. 24(3):317-325. Los medios de comunicación tienen un gran efecto en las decisiones de las mujeres sobre la alimentación infantil a nivel mundial sin reflejar necesariamente las prácticas basadas en evidencias. Los fines de esta investigación fueron (1) describir las características de los artículos impresos con contenido de alimentación infantil, (2) describir el contenido temático, y (3) comparar el contenido temático en grupos basado en el tipo de medio e idioma (Inglés y Chino). Se analizaron cuatro periódicos en chino; un periódico en inglés; y tres revistas bilingües para padres. Se hizo un análisis multifacético cualitativo y cuantitativo del contenido donde se encontraron cinco temas (contexto social, información a las madres, efectos en el bebe, el valor de la leche materna y la utilidad de la leche de formula). Se encontraron diferencias significativas basadas en el tipo de medio y lengua. A pesar de que la lactancia materna se trato positivamente en todos los medios, los medios chinos contenían información mas precisa. A través de este análisis, se identificaron áreas donde se pueden tomar acciones para mejorar la calidad de la información sobre alimentación infantil que recibe el público.
Constraining the Spatial Extent of Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation Following the Deepwater Horizon Event Using an Excess 210Pb Flux Approach.

Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) event in 2010, there were several lines of evidence indicating the presence of marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA). A significant amount of marine oil snow formed in the water column of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM), settled rapidly, and ultimately accumulated in the sediments of the nGoM. This study utilized a commonly used radioisotope tracer (excess 210Pb, 210Pbxs) from 32 sediment cores collected from 2010 to 2013 to characterize the spatial extent of MOSSFA on the seafloor. Relative to pre-DWH conditions, an increase in 210Pbxs flux occurred in two distinct regions: (1) in the western portion of the study area on an east-northeast to west-southwest axis, stretching 230 km southwest and 140 km northeast of the DWH wellhead, and (2) in the eastern portion of the study area on a 70 km northeast to southwest axis near the DeSoto Canyon. The total sedimentary spatial extent of MOSSFA, as calculated by increased 210Pbxs flux after 2010, ranged from 12 805 to 35 425 km2. 210Pbxs flux provides a valuable tool for documenting the spatial extent of MOSSFA following DWH and will continue to aid in the determination of advective transport and ultimate depocenters of MOSSFA material.
Cardiovascular responses of physically active colligate subjects during normal and warm conditions, and determination of sweat rates

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of elevated climate temperature on the exercise-induced physiological responses and fluid need in physically active subjects. Ten physically active colligate subjects (age: 22.79 ± 4.98 yrs) participated in a counter balanced cross over design that consisted of performing a cycling run (65% VO2 max) for 30 min under normal and condition of wearing multiple layers of clothes, separated by 7 days. Measures of heart rate, body temperature, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained at 10-min intervals (0, 10, 20, and 30 min) from the onset of exercise. Sweat rates, and amount of fluid needed to replace water loss during exercise were calculated. Heart rate, body temperature, and RPE increased all the way to the end of the exercise for both conditions but more in warm conditions. These findings point out that sports facilitators should take the athletes’ physiological responses in training in warm dry weather seriously, guide athletes to rehydrate with adequate amount of water
Review: Toward a Clarification of the Concept of Mastitis as Used in Empirical Studies of Breast Inflammation During Lactation

The objective of this study is to clarify use of the term mastitis in empirical studies of lactational mastitis. Eighteen articles published between 1998 and 2008 were critically analyzed, and a concept clarification of the term mastitis was carried out. Four articles suggested that mastitis was an infection, 4 made no mention of the etiology of symptoms, and 10 articles described mastitis as an inflammation or an infection. Eight studies made no use of distinctions between milk stasis, noninfectious mastitis, and infectious mastitis. Bacterial cultivation was used in 5 articles, and 1 article measured leukocytes and C-reactive protein. Several different causes were cited. Antibiotics were suggested as appropriate treatment in 4 articles. Use of the concept of mastitis in empirical studies remains inconsistent and may do so until the etiology of symptoms is understood. Understanding is also needed as to why some women who present with symptoms suggesting septic reaction recover without antibiotic therapy. J Hum Lact . 26(1):53-59.
Reproductive-Aged Women’s Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Infant-Feeding Practices: An Experimental Evaluation

Using an experimental design, this study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and intentions regarding infant feeding practices among Canadian female university undergraduates (N = 285). Participants completed a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and intentions with respect to infant-feeding practices. Two versions of the survey were randomly distributed to participants: one containing a photograph of a woman breastfeeding her infant (n = 131) and the other containing a photograph of the same women bottle-feeding her infant (n = 154). Findings indicated that the majority of the sample had been breastfed (84%) and intend to breastfeed their own offspring (97%). The intention to breastfeed future offspring was predicted by knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of social norms. Participants reported more positive attitudes toward visual depictions of breastfeeding compared with bottle-feeding but less positive views of breastfeeding in public compared with bottle-feeding in public. Participants also significantly underestimated the health benefits and optimal duration of breastfeeding. The findings highlight gaps in knowledge that may contribute to premature cessation of breastfeeding among Canadian women and suggest the need for breastfeeding education.
Endodontically related lesions on panoramic radiographs in a Turkish subpopulation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of detectable endodontically related lesions as determined from the reports of panoramic radiographs in a Turkish subpopulation. Materials and Methods: There were 19,625 reports of panoramic radiographs that were evaluated. Four investigators assessed the radiographs and reports that had been written. For each tooth of the subjects, the following items were surveyed: presence of periapical lesion, inadequate root canal treatment, external and internal root resorption. Results: The patients who had panoramic radiography reports were between the ages of 3 and 91 years (mean age 29,43 ± 18,83 years). 10,941 (56%) were female and 8684 (44%) were male patients. Inadequate root canal treatment was recorded in 588 (3%) radiography reports and it was more frequent in mandibular molar teeth. 2287 (11.7%) of the patients had periapical lesions and it was more frequent in maxillary incisor teeth and mandibular molar teeth. External resorption was observed in 61 (0.3%) patient records, while internal root resorption was reported in 14 (0.1%) reports. 81 inadequate root-filled teeth presented a periapical lesion. A positive strong linear correlation was found between the presence of inadequate root canal treatment and a periapical lesion among the patients (r = 0.098, P = 0.000). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that external and internal root resorption were not frequent clinical conditions. The high frequency of periapical lesions and inadequate canal treatment in molar teeth indicate the need to improve the technical quality of root fillings, especially in molar teeth.
“They’ve Walked in My Shoes”: Mothers of Very Low Birth Weight Infants and Their Experiences With Breastfeeding Peer Counselors in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

The effectiveness of the breastfeeding peer counselor role is thought to be embedded in the relationship between new and experienced mothers. In this study, new mothers of very low birth weight infants emphasized that one of the most important aspects of their relationship with the breastfeeding peer counselors is the peer or shared experience of how difficult it can be to provide milk and breastfeed while coping with the emotional stress of having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. This study provides evidence for the promotion and facilitation of lactation for mothers of neonatal intensive care unit infants through the use of breastfeeding peer counselors who are peers by virtue of the shared experience of providing milk for an infant hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Characteristics of Open-globe Eye Injuries with Respect to Zone of Injury

Aims: To describe the demographics, characteristics and outcomes of open -globe injuries (OGI) with respect to zone of injury. Methods: Medical records of all patients presenting with OGIs to University Hospita l, Newark, NJ between January 2001 and December 2008 with a follow-up of at least 3 months were reviewed. Demographics, characteristics of the trauma and outcomes were compared with respect to the zone of injury; location of injury is confined to the corn ea and limbus in zone 1 (Z1), 5mm posterior to the limbus in zone 3 (Z3). Results:Of the 309 patients (310 eyes) identified, 228 (74%) were male. The mean age at presentationwas 35.3years (1-96). Meanfollow-up was 22.8 months (3-108 months). Most of the eyes presented with Z1 injury: 141 eyes (46%) Z1 injury, 83 (27%)Z2 and 86 (28%) Z3. Rupture was the most common type of injury in Z2 and Z3 injuries. Nineteen (86%) of 22 eyes with an intraocular fore ign body(IOFB) had a Z1 injury. 32 (42%) of 77 eyes with Z3 injury had no light perception (NLP) at presentation, compared with 9 (8%) of 119 Z1 and 13 (17%) of 78 Z2 -injured eyes. Four percent of Z1, 11% of Z2 and 18% of Z3-injured eyes had a final visi
Basic Analog of Fourier Series on a q-Linear Grid

For 0<q<1 define the symmetric q-linear operator acting on a suitable function f (x) by δf(x)=f(q1/2x)−f(q−1/2x). The q-linear initial value problem δf(x)δx= λf (x),f(0)=1, has two entire functions Cq(z) and Sq(z) as linearly independent solutions. The functions Cq(z) and Sq(z) are orthogonal on a discrete set. We consider Fourier expansions in these functions and derive analytic bounds on the roots of Sq(z).
Removal of Industry-Sponsored Formula Sample Packs from the Hospital

Background: Most US hospitals distribute industry-sponsored formula sample packs. No research has examined outcomes associated with sample pack removal as part of a hospital intervention to eliminate sample distribution postpartum. Objective: To examine prospectively hospital-based and breastfeeding outcomes associated with removal of industry-sponsored formula sample packs from the hospital. Methods: We enrolled mothers postpartum at Cooper University Hospital, an urban New Jersey hospital, in 2009-2010. For the first 6 months, all women received industry-sponsored formula samples packs (control group); for the next 6 months, all postpartum women received hospital-sponsored bags with no formula at source (intervention group). Research assistants blinded to the design called subjects weekly for 10 weeks to determine feeding practices. Results: We enrolled 527 breastfeeding women (284 control; 243 intervention). At 10 weeks postpartum, 82% of control and 36% of intervention women (P < .001) reported receiving formula in the “diaper discharge bag. ” Kaplan-Meyer curves for any breastfeeding showed the intervention was associated with increased breastfeeding (P = .03); however, exclusive breastfeeding was not significantly different between intervention and controls (P = .46). In post hoc analysis, receiving no take-home formula in bottles from the hospital was associated with increased exclusive breastfeeding in control (P = .02) and intervention (P = .03) groups at 10 weeks. Conclusion: Although the hospital-branded replacement contained no formula at source, many women reported receiving bottles of formula from the hospital. Change in practice to remove industry-sponsored formula sample packs was associated with increased breastfeeding over 10 weeks, but the intervention may have had a greater impact had it not been contaminated.
Investigation of Short-term Variations in Term Breast Milk Composition during Repeated Breast Expression Sessions

Background: Breast milk composition can be affected by several factors, and it can exhibit short-term (weekly) variations. Investigating variations in breast milk composition is important to accurately estimate nutrient requirements of the infant. Objective: To investigate short-term changes in breast milk composition between left and right breasts, over a 3-week period within the first 6 months of lactation. Methods: The left and right breasts of the mothers of healthy, term infants (n = 23) were simultaneously expressed with an electric breast pump for 15 minutes, on 3 occasions within 3 weeks. Milk samples (5 mL) were collected from the total expression volume of each breast at each session. The macronutrient contents, total solids, and energy content were determined using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer. Mothers (n = 17) measured their 24-hour milk production, and the average 24-hour fat contents were also determined. Results: Over the 3 weekly sessions, no significant changes were found in macronutrient contents. On average, total solids (P = .04) and energy (P = .04) decreased by week 3 of follow-up sessions from 14 to 13 g/100 mL and from 82 to 76 Kcal/100 mL, respectively; however, these changes became insignificant when expression volume was taken into account. The macronutrient concentration was similar for the left and right breasts; however, milk composition varied markedly between mothers. Furthermore, average 24-hour fat content was significantly lower than the mean fat content from a single expression session (P < .01). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that when determining the nutritional adequacy of a mother’s milk, assuming an average concentration requires caution. The study findings illustrate the importance of using average 24-hour fat content of milk to obtain representative measures of infant energy intake.
Associations of Hospital Staff Training and Policies with Early Breastfeeding Practices

Background: In 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented the Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey in all US birth facilities to assess breastfeeding-related maternity practices. Maternity practices and hospital policies are known to influence breastfeeding, and Alabama breastfeeding rates are very low. Objective: Our objective was to assess whether staff training and structural-organizational aspects of care, such as policies, were associated with infants’ breastfeeding behaviors 24 to 48 hours postpartum. Methods: We linked 2009 mPINC data from 48 Alabama hospitals with birth certificate and newborn screening databases. We used data collected 24 to 48 hours postpartum to classify 41 536 healthy, term, singleton infants as breastfed (any breast milk) or completely formula fed and examined associations with hospitals’ mPINC scores in comparison with the state mean. We conducted multilevel analyses to assess infants’ likelihood of being breastfed if their birth hospital scores were lower versus at least equal to the Alabama mean, accounting for hospital clustering, demographics, payment method, and prenatal care. Results: The odds of breastfeeding were greater in hospitals with a higher-than-state-mean score on the following: new employees’ breastfeeding education, nurses’ receipt of breastfeeding education in the past year, prenatal breastfeeding classes offered, having a lactation coordinator, and having a written breastfeeding policy. The number of recommended elements included in hospitals’ written breastfeeding policies was positively associated with newborn breastfeeding rates. Conclusion: Educating hospital staff to improve breastfeeding-related knowledge, attitudes, and skills; implementing a written hospital breastfeeding policy; and ensuring continuity of prenatal and postnatal breastfeeding education and support may improve newborn breastfeeding rates.
Fast transport of materials in mammalian nerve fibers.

ing state of atoms in chemical compounds, surface chemistry and surface physics, particularly catalysis and adsorption phenomena, and elemental analysis and structural analysis of chemical substances, to mention a few. The use of monochromatized x-radiation results in improved resolution and the freedom from satellites. The reduced background improves the information content of the ESCA spectra significantly. Often, the actual shape of the ESCA line or the energy band 'becomes more clearly visible since it is less distorted by instrumental line shape. The signal-to-noise ratio is significantly improved and the instrumental background is purely statistical and independent of energy. Thus, the instrumental background does not introduce any structure into the ESCA spectrum which could be mistaken for actual information.