Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvement of data treatment in small-angle neutron scattering

Small-angle neutron scattering has been successfully used since the 1970s. As a general rule, methods to extract the useful signal from that received by the detector are well known and give good results. At the Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, for example, these methods have been employed for a long time. However, the data reduction software has been changed for the following reasons. Problems are encountered if the container of the sample gives a spurious signal or if the scattering angle is so large that its cosine cannot be approximated by 1. In the present paper, generalizations of formulas are made in order to account for these difficulties. The decrease of scattered intensity delivered by an incoherent sample that is often observed at large angles is shown to be only due to a geometrical effect. The consequent modifications of the relations used for the normalization of cells of position-sensitive detectors and for the absolute calibration are given. As for the inherent background of the sample, the contribution of density fluctuations is usually neglected. This contribution is formally given as a function of the contrast lengths and of the isothermal compressibility of the sample. This new result allows numerical evaluations of the different terms of the inherent sample background. Practical examples are given. Finally, several methods, developed at the Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, are given to determine the background properly. They are based on systematic measurements of transmissions and background levels of suitably prepared blank samples.
Real world assessment of an auto-parametric electromagnetic vibration energy harvester

The convention within the field of vibration energy harvesting has revolved around designing resonators with natural frequencies that match single fixed frequency sinusoidal input. However, real world vibrations can be random, multi-frequency, broadband and time-varying in nature. Building upon previous work on auto-parametric resonance, this fundamentally different resonant approach can harness vibration from multiple axes and has the potential to achieve higher power density as well as wider frequency bandwidth. This article presents the power response of a packaged auto-parametric VEH prototype (practical operational volume of ∼126 cm−3) towards various real world vibration sources including vibration of a bridge, a compressor motor as well as an automobile. At auto-parametric resonance (driven at 23.5 Hz and 1 g rms ), the prototype can output a peak of 78.9 mW and 4.5 Hz of −3dB bandwidth. Furthermore, up to ∼1 mW of average power output was observed from the harvester on the Forth Road Bridge. The harvested electrical energy from various real world sources were used to power up a power conditioning circuit, a wireless sensor mote, a micro-electromechanical system accelerometer and other low-power sensors. This demonstrates the concept of self-sustaining vibration powered wireless sensor systems in real world scenarios, to potentially realise maintenance-free autonomous structural health and condition monitoring.
Effects of an educational intervention targeting body image on self-esteem of Iranian high-school students: a quasi-experimental trial

Background and objectives: Many individuals, especially the young, are concerned about their body image and devote much time to thinking about changes in their appearance. Most studies on the effect of educational programs on body image have focused on the treatment of negative body image, but few have evaluated their effect on the prevention of negative body image developing and its improvement in the general population. The present study examined the effect of a self-efficacy theory-based educational program on body image concerns and self-esteem among high school female students in Shiraz, Iran.
Optimal Nonlinear Income Taxation with Costly Tax Avoidance

In this article, we study the problem of optimal income taxation in an economy in which income can be falsified. Agents are assumed to have access to a technology that allows them to hide income from public view. As hidden income cannot be taxed, the possibility of income falsification puts a limit on the amount of redistribution that can be implemented in this economy. Given that the process of income concealment is costly, however, limited social insurance can be provided through partial redistribution of revealed income. In this economy, under various specifications of the income concealment cost, we derive Pareto-optimal income redistribution schedules and show how the resulting allocations of consumption can be implemented with a system of nonlinear income taxes. In particular, we demonstrate that, for a large class of income concealment cost specifications, (1) no actual concealment of income takes place at the optimum, and (2) income taxes that implement the optimum are progressive with positive marginal tax rates everywhere, even at the top of the income distribution.
From the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery

Objective: Vertebral artery injury (VAI) associated with cervical trauma is being increasingly recognized with more aggressive screening. Disparate results from previous literature have led to uncertainty of the significance, natural history, and optimal therapy for VAI. Methods: To understand the natural history and treatment outcomes from our experience, we performed a retrospective, single-center review from a level I trauma center for the previous 10 years of all VAI. Injuries were identified from search of an administrative trauma database, a resident-run working database, and all radiology dictations for the same period. All VAI were classified according to segmental involvement, Denver grading scale, and laterality. Analysis of associated injuries, demographics, neurologic outcome, mortality, length of stay, treatment plan, and follow-up imaging was also performed. Results: Fifty-one patients with VAI were identified from 2001 to 2011 from a total of 36,942 trauma admissions (0.13% incidence). Associated injuries were significant with an average New Injury Severity Score of 29.6. Penetrating trauma occurred in 14%. Cervical spine fracture was present in 88% with VAI. Diagnosis was obtained with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in 95%. Screening was prompted by injury pattern or high-risk mechanism in all cases. Injuries classified according to the Denver grading scale were grade I[ 24%, grade II[ 35%, grade III[ 4%, grade IV[ 35%, and grade V [ 2%. Distribution across segments included V1 [ 18%, V2 [ 67%, V3 [ 31%, and V4 [ 6%. Only one posterior circulation stroke was attributable to VAI. Overall mortality was 8%, with each mortality being associated with significant other organ injuries. Treatment rendered for VAI was antiplatelet therapy (50%), observation (31%), warfarin (17%), and stent (2%). There were no significant differences between treatment groups on any variable with the exception of body mass index (P [ .047). Follow-up was obtained for 13% (n [ 6) of survivors. The CTA demonstrated injury stability in four patients and resolution in two patients. Accuracy of the administrative trauma database was 53% compared with 96% for the resident-run working database. Conclusions: Neurologic sequelae attributable to VAI were rare. Grade of VAI or vertebral artery segment did not correlate with morbidity. We did not observe any differences in short-term outcomes between systemic anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. Of those patients seen at follow-up, injury resolution or stability was documented by CTA. A conservative approach with either observation or antithrombotic therapy is suggested. If the natural history of VAI includes a very low stroke rate, then therapies with a lower therapeutic index, such as systemic anticoagulation, in the severely injured trauma patient are not supported. Our search strategy urges awareness of the limitations of administrative databases for retrospective vascular study. (J Vasc Surg 2013;57:741-6.)
SENP 1 / HIF-1 α feedback loop modulates hypoxia-induced cell proliferation , invasion and EMT in human osteosarcoma cells † RUNNING TITLE : The role of SENP 1 / HIF-1 α axis in human osteosarcoma cells

Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi’an 710054, PR China. Tel:+86-13572105429; E-mail: bingwww621@163.com. †This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: [10.1002/jcb.26342]
Identifying Motivation and Interpersonal Performance Using Peer Evaluations

Peer evaluations have historically shown high predictive validity, but the reason for this strength has not been clear. This research used an assessment center and subsequent training program to investigate the hypothesis that interpersonal performance and motivation are two key dimensions of performance that may account for the historical strength of peer assessments. Consistent with previous research, results showed that peer rankings from the assessment center predicted final training outcomes better than did staff ratings. Congruent with our hypothesis, results from the training program demonstrated that, when rating a student's expected future on-the-job performance, peers placed significantly more importance on interpersonal performance and motivation than did staff, and they placed significantly less importance on task performance. Additional longitudinal research is needed to explicitly link peer evaluations of interpersonal skills and performance motivation with future job performance.
Redescription of the Cranial Morphology of Mariliasuchus Amarali, and Its Phylogenetic Affinities (crocodyliformes, Notosuchia)

Abstract The cranial morphology of Mariliasuchus amarali, a poorly known notosuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Brazil, is redescribed based on new material. Its phylogenetic affinities within Crocodylomorpha are evaluated through a parsimony analysis involving 46 taxa and 198 characters. Mariliasuchus is nested well inside the clade Notosuchia, as the sister group of Comahuesuchus, a derived notosuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina. Both taxa share the following unambiguous synapomorphies: ventral half of the lacrimal tapering posteroventrally, not contacting or only slightly contacting the jugal; presence of a large foramen on the lateral surface of the anterior part of the jugal; presence of procumbent premaxillary and anterior dentary alveoli; and ectopterygoids that do not participate of the palatine bar. The presence of procumbent premaxillary teeth, specialized tooth crown morphology, and fore–aft jaw movements suggests that this group presented complex jaw movements related to specialized feeding habits.
Germination differences between natural and afforested populations of Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens

In afforestation, silvicultural processes of raising and planting seedlings under certain conditions can yield contrasting outcomes in tree stock performance. Moderate nursery conditions may select against stress tolerance whereas planting seedlings in stressful environments at afforestation sites may select for higher stress tolerance compared to natural populations. We compared germination performance between natural and afforested populations of Pinus brutia Ten. subsp. brutia and Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) under differing stress treatments. Seeds were collected from both natural stands and from afforested populations outside the natural distribution range, in Syria. Cold, intermediate and hot temperature regimes were simulated (8/4 °C, 20/10 °C and 32/20 °C) along with cold stratification, drought stress (–0.2 and –0.4 MPa), salt stress (50 and 100 mMol l–1), and deionized water (control) conditions. In addition, we tested the effects of seed weight and climatic conditions on seed germination. In general, intermediate temperatures were optimal for both population types. Afforested P. brutia populations outperformed natural ones under drought stress levels at hot and/or intermediate temperatures. Conversely, in C. sempervirens, cold stratification at all temperatures and higher salt stress at intermediate temperatures significantly decreased germination in afforested populations. Seed weight did not significantly affect germination percentages, which were however significantly negatively related to annual precipitation in P. brutia, and to annual temperature in C. sempervirens. We infer that silvicultural processes led to divergent outcomes in our species: local adaptation to drought stress and hot temperatures in afforested P. brutia populations and lower salt-stress tolerance in C. sempervirens.
Three‐dimensional modelling of magnetotelluric data from the Rotokawa geothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

SUMMARY The resistivity structure of the Rotokawa geothermal system in New Zealand’s Taupo Volcanic Zone has been determined by 3-D modelling of data from a closely spaced (64 measurement sites) magnetotelluric (MT) survey. 3-D conductivity models were constructed using trial and error forward modelling of the phase-tensor data and 3-D inverse modelling of the impedance tensor data. Both the forward and the inverse resistivity models show good consistency. The most interesting feature of these models is a resistive (∼100 � m) zone within the otherwise conductive material of the geothermal system. This zone coincides with the high temperature (300‐335 ◦ C) core of the geothermal system in which seismicity induced by fluid injection occurs and may mark the zone of fracture permeability that is feeding high temperature fluid into the geothermal system from deeper levels.
Conducted EMI issues in a 600-W single-phase boost PFC design

This paper presents the results of experimental activity concerned with the development of a 600 W boost power-factor corrector (PFC) complying with the EMC standards for conducted EMI in the 150 kHz 30 MHz range. In order to accomplish this task, different circuit design and layout solutions are taken into account and their effect on the conducted EMI behavior of the converter is experimentally evaluated. Common-mode and differential-mode switching noise, together with input filters' design and topology and with the printed circuit board layout (in terms of track length and spacing, ground and shielding planes, etc.) are the key aspects which have been considered. In particular, the paper reports the conducted EMI measurements for different filter capacitor placements and values, for different power switch drive circuits, together with several other provisions which have turned out to be decisive in the reduction of the generated EMI.
Curcumin alleviates IL-17 A mediated p 53-PAI-1 expression in bleomycin induced alveolar basal epithelial cells † Running title : IL-17 A mediated p 53-PAI-1 expression

Competing interests: Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding: This work is supported by research grants from Yenepoya University. Ethical approval: This is an in vitro study using immortalized cell lines. Ethical clearance is not applicable. Contributorship: Conceived the idea and designed the experiments: YPB. Performed the experiments: MMG, AP. Data analysis and representation: MMG, AP. Acknowledgements: Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support rendered by Yenepoya University. Authors acknowledge Ms. Megha Nair for her help in statistical analysis.
Linking the mode of action of larval therapy to wound bed preparation and the TIME concept

Wound bed preparation (WBP) is an integral part of the care programme for chronic wounds. The acronym TIME is used in the context of WBP and describes four barriers to healing in chronic wounds; namely, dead Tissue, Infection and inflammation, Moisture imbalance and a non-migrating Edge. Larval debridement therapy (LDT) stems from observations that larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata clean wounds of debris. Subsequent clinical studies have proven debriding efficacy, which is likely to occur as a result of enzymatically active alimentary products released by the insect. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of LDT have also been investigated, predominantly in a pre-clinical context. This review summarises the findings of investigations into the molecular mechanisms of LDT and places these in context with the clinical concept of WBP and TIME. It is clear from these findings that biotherapy with L. sericata conforms with TIME, through the enzymatic removal of dead tissue and its associated biofilm, coupled with the secretion of defined antimicrobial peptides. This biotherapeutic impact on the wound serves to reduce inflammation, with an associated capacity for an indirect effect on moisture imbalance. Furthermore, larval serine proteinases have the capacity to alter fibroblast behaviour in a manner conducive to the formation of granulation tissue.
Medical educators are now called upon to adopt the best methods to teach QI / PS skills

Background: Practising doctors must be competent in quality improvement (QI) and patient safety (PS). Despite this need, QI and PS have yet to be fully integrated into the undergraduate medical curriculum. Furthermore, there are few resources available for motivated senior medical students to receive advanced training prior to starting residency. To address these needs, we piloted an elective in QI ⁄ PS for senior medical students. Methods: We measured changes in knowledge, attitude and QI ⁄ PS skills with before and after surveys and skill assessments. Post-elective measures included an assessment of reaction to the curriculum and an assessment of a QI project proposal. Results: Six students participated in two 2-week electives. Mean knowledge test scores improved after the elective [mean score (SD)]: before, 7.3 (1.4), versus after, 8.2 (0.4); p = 0.19. There were improvements in confidence in all aspects queried, and this was significant in six of the seven confidence questions. Students had high motivation for future QI ⁄ PS involvement both before and after the elective. Validated measures assessing QI ⁄ PS skills showed high levels of performance both before and after the elective. Experiential components of the elective were most highly valued. Discussion: Motivated students may not have the confidence needed to effectively actuate their desire to incorporate QI ⁄ PS in their continuing training and careers. This 2-week elective significantly improved students’ confidence and maintained their motivation for QI ⁄ PS work. Experiential activities may be particularly beneficial for students to learn QI ⁄ PS throughout medical school. There are few resources available for motivated senior medical students to receive advance training Student Electives
JEL Classification : D 42 , L 15 and M 37 Keywords : advertising , content analysis , information , persuasion game and search

The advertising mix for a search good* We extend the persuasion game to bring it squarely into the economics of advertising. We model advertising as exciting consumer interest into learning more about the product, and determine a firm's equilibrium choice of advertising content over quality information, price information, and horizontal match information. Equilibrium is unique whenever advertising is necessary. The outcome is a separating equilibrium with quality unravelling. Lower quality firms need to provide more information. For a given quality level, as a function of consumer visit costs, first quality information is disclosed, then price information and then horizontal product information are added to the advertising mix. Some suggestive evidence is provided from airline ads in newspapers. JEL Classification: D42, L15 and M37
Heterogeneity in Single-Molecule Observables in the Study of Supercooled Liquids

The general effective fragment potential (EFP) method provides model potentials for any molecule that is derived from first principles, with no empirically fitted parameters. The EFP method has been interfaced with most currently used ab initio single-reference and multireference quantum mechanics (QM) methods, ranging from Hartree-Fock and coupled cluster theory to multireference perturbation theory. The most recent innovations in the EFP model have been to make the computationally expensive charge transfer term much more efficient and to interface the general EFP dispersion and exchange repulsion interactions with QM methods. Following a summary of the method and its implementation in generally available computer programs, these most recent new developments are discussed.
Suspended shellfish culture impacts on the benthic layer: a case study in Brazilian subtropical waters

O presente trabalho investigou os impactos de cultivos suspensos de moluscos sobre a camada bentica em duas fazendas marinhas na Baia Sul, Florianopolis (SC, Brasil). O objetivo foi detectar mudancas no ambiente de fundo e avaliar a influencia de condicoes locais, como a hidrodinâmica e geomorfologia, no grau de impacto em cada sitio. O metodo empregado compreendeu analises de tres grupos de descritores oceanograficos: hidrodinâmicos, morfossedimentologicos (batimetria, granulometria e constituintes orgânicos) e ecologicos (fauna foraminifera). Os dados foram analisados com tecnicas geoestatisticas e multivariadas. Os descritores ecologicos aparentemente foram mais representativos sob diferentes matrizes ambientais que os sedimentologicos. Os que melhor identificaram areas sob influencia dos cultivos foram: dominância de Ammonia tepida, tamanho das testas e razao foraminiferos vivos: totais. Somente pequenas diferencas foram encontradas dentro e fora das areas de cultivo. Nao obstante, maiores graus de alteracao foram observados no sitio com menor hidrodinâmica e profundidades mais rasas. Concluiu-se que o aporte dos cultivos nos sitios estudados ainda ocasiona poucas alteracoes no ambiente bentonico. No entanto, os fatores locais de hidrodinâmica e geomorfologia foram importantes na minimizacao dos impactos. Estes devem ser considerados com criterios em programas de selecao de areas propicias para o desenvolvimento da atividade.