Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA sequence of the viral and cellular src gene of chickens. 1. Complete nucleotide sequence of an EcoRI fragment of recovered avian sarcoma virus which codes for gp37 and pp60src

Recovered avian sarcoma virus is a class of virus obtained from chicken tumors induced by mutants of Rous sarcoma virus which have a deletion in the src gene. We have determined the entire nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kilobase EcoRI DNA fragment of molecularly cloned recovered avian sarcoma virus DNA. This DNA fragment contains part of the env gene and the entire src gene. Amino acid sequences of both gene products were deduced from the DNA sequences; the predicted amino acid sequences were verified by protein studies. An env protein (gp37) was found to be composed of 205 amino acids with three glycosylation sites. gp37 had a long stretch of hydrophobic residues near the carboxyl terminus. The src gene product, pp60src, was composed of 526 amino acids and contained the possible sites for tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. The amino acid sequences predicted in this study differ significantly from the amino acid sequence predicted previously for the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus.
Lung Segmentation Using Prediction-Based Segmentation Improvement for Chest Tomosynthesis

Chest radiography which is the most common imaging method for lung is difficult to distinguish the lung vessels and nodules due to characteristics of representing the chest in a single image and shading occurred by organs. Computed Tomography(CT) scan has excellent lung nodule detection sensitivity because it produces chest images as volume data, but it has a large amount of exposure dose and is expensive. Chest tomosynthesis which generates volume data through continuous shooting comes to the forefront as an early lung cancer screening method with high lung nodule detection sensitivity than chest radiography and lowdose than CT image. However, chest tomosynthesis is difficult to have computer-based automatic segmentation because of blurring occurred while generating the image. Therefore, we propose prediction-based segmentation improvement method based on the central slices with less blurring after performing lung segmentation using region-growing. Using the proposed method, it is to improve the lung segmentation performance by improving the incorrect segmentation results on the outer slices where many blurring occurs. The experiment results showed the improvement of incorrectly segmented lung region.
Hydatidosis of food animals in Greece: prevalence of cysts containing viable protoscoleces

Abstract The viability rate of hydatid cysts was investigated in animals slaughtered in the abattoir of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. Two hundred sheep (100% infection rate), 106 cattle (56.6% infected), 203 pigs (9.3%) and 52 goats (15.4%) were examined. All fertile cysts contained viable protoscoleces. In sheep there was a mean of 1.1 (29.8% of total cysts) fertile cysts per animal containing 297.3 (81.3%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 82.3% and in the liver 71.2%. In cattle there was a mean of 0.1 (6.6% of total) fertile cysts per animal containing 46.4 (72.2%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 69.5 and in the liver 87. In swine there was a mean of 0.02 (9.5% of total) fertile cysts per animal containing 32.0 (76.8%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 97.1 and in the liver 68.9. In goats there was a mean of 0.1 (12.5% of total) fertile cysts per animal containing 12 (54.6%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 54.4% but no fertile cysts were found in the liver.
Random Codes and Graphs for Secure Communication

This dissertation considers two groups of problems related to secure communication. The first line of research is devoted to theoretical problems of copyright protection of digital content. Embedding identification data in the content is a well-developed technique of content protection known under the name of fingerprinting. Schemes that provide such protection are known as fingerprinting codes in the literature. We study limits of the number of users of a fingerprinting system as well as constructions of low-complexity fingerprinting codes that support a large number of users. The second problem that is addressed in the dissertation relates to connectivity analysis of ad hoc wireless networks. One of the basic requirements in such environments is to ensure that none of the nodes are completely isolated from the network. We address the problem of characterizing threshold parameters for node isolation that enable the system designer to choose the power needed for network operation based on the outage probability of links in the network. The methods of this research draw from coding theory, information theory and random graphs. An idea that permeates most results in this dissertation is the application of randomization both in the analysis of fingerprinting and node isolation. The main contributions of this dissertation belong in the area of fingerprinting and are described as follows. We derive new lower and upper bounds on the optimal trade-off between the number of users and the length of the fingerprints required to ensure reliability of the system, which we call fingerprinting capacity. Informationtheoretic techniques employed in our proofs of bounds on capacity originate in coding theorems for channels with multiple inputs. Constructions of fingerprinting codes draw on methods of coding theory related to list decoding and code concatenation. We also analyze random graph models for ad hoc networks with link failures and secure sensor networks that employ randomized key distribution. We establish a precise zero-one law for node isolation in the model with link failures for nodes placed on the circle. We further generalize this result to obtain a one-law for secure sensor networks on some surfaces.
A novel exogenous retrovirus sequence identified in humans

A 932-bp retrovirus sequence was cloned by reverse transcriptase PCR from salivary gland tissue of a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. The sequence is related to that of type B and type D retroviruses and was present in a sucrose density gradient fraction corresponding to that of an enveloped retrovirus particle. Sequences amplified from tissues of eight individuals with or without Sjögren's syndrome had over 90% similarity and were present at a level of less than one copy per 10(3) cells. The sequence was not detectable in human genomic DNA by PCR or by Southern hybridization. These data indicate that the sequence represents an infectiously acquired genome, provisionally called human retrovirus 5.
Relationships between air swallowing, intragastric air, belching and gastro‐oesophageal reflux

Abstract Background With each swallow a certain amount of air is transported to the stomach. The stomach protects itself against excessive distention by swallowed air through belching (gas reflux). The mechanism of belching (transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation) is also one of the mechanisms underlying gastro‐oesophageal reflux.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR analysis on bacterial strains from children diarrhea

This study Acute diarrhea in children is a leading cause of mortality in the developing countries. Molecular typing methods, due to their higher discriminating ability, may help in the better characterization of the Enteropathogenic E.coli and other isolates and these have been used worldwide. This study was aimed at subjecting the bacterial isolates from the stool samples to molecular typing methods like the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial strains (n=38), which were isolated over a period of six months from diarrheagenic stool samples. The bacterial strains were subjected to molecular typing methods like RAPD and PCR. Among the bacterial genera isolated, E.coli was recorded as the prominent, followed by the species of Vibrio, Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Of these diversified bacterial pathogens, E.coli was found one of the commonest causative agents of diarrhea. The higher percentage of incidence of E.coli along with the diarrhoeagenic organisms showed the significant health threat to the children in the study area.
The School Library Media Center & the Promotion of Literature for Hispanic Children

In This Article, the author presents a survey designed to ascertain the degree of access to children's literature in eight urban areas in the United States known to have a high population of Hispanic residents. The instrument surveyed the responses of media specialists in a sample of schools serving students in kindergarten through eighth grade in San Diego, California; Phoenix, Arizona; Tucson, Arizona; Albuquerque, New Mexico; El Paso, Texas; Houston, Texas; Miami, Florida; and Denver, Colorado. Among the findings significant to the acquisition of literature in Spanish for young people were a high percentage (62 percent) of media specialists and associated personnel who have little or no knowledge of the Spanish language. Many collections (more than 50 percent of those surveyed) had relatively few Spanish books available for students
Acute time to response in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

OBJECTIVE To examine the time to response for both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). METHOD Adolescents (N = 439, ages 12 to 17 years) with major depressive disorder were randomized to fluoxetine (FLX), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or pill placebo (PBO). Defining response as very much improved or much improved on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I), survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier curves were conducted to evaluate time to first response and time to stable response for subjects receiving pharmacotherapy (COMB, FLX, PBO) as well as for subjects receiving CBT (COMB, CBT). Direct comparisons between pharmacotherapy and CBT were not made because of differences in visit schedules. RESULTS Based on pharmacotherapist CGI-I scores, COMB and FLX showed faster onset of benefit than PBO on time to response and time to stable response (p < .001), and COMB was faster than FLX on time to stable response (p = .034). The probability of sustained early response was approximately threefold greater for COMB than PBO, twofold greater for FLX than PBO, and 1.5-fold greater for COMB than FLX. On the psychotherapist CGI-I scores, both first response and stable response occurred faster in COMB than CBT (p < .001), with a probability of sustained early response approximately threefold greater for COMB than CBT. CONCLUSIONS In the acute treatment of depressed adolescents, FLX and COMB accelerate response relative to PBO, and COMB accelerates response relative to CBT alone.
Over a thousand ambulatory hernia repairs in a primary care setting.

INTRODUCTION This paper outlines the development and feasibility of a dedicated ambulatory primary care hernia service and examines the outcomes achieved during the period 1 March 2005 to 31 December 2008. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective analysis of 1164 patients who underwent abdominal wall hernia repair at Probus Surgical Centre during the study period. The operations were carried out by two GPs with a special interest (GPwSI) and one retired surgeon. The techniques used were a Lichtenstein mesh repair or modified Shouldice repair for inguinal hernias and a primary sutured repair for ventral hernias. All procedures were performed as day-cases under local anaesthesia without sedation. All patients were reviewed routinely at 6 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were recurrence and patient satisfaction levels, and complications such as infection, haematoma and chronic pain. RESULTS No patient required conversion to general anaesthesia. There were three (0.3%) recurrences. Complication rates were low and similar to those obtained in other specialist hernia units. More than 90% of patients were satisfied with the service and would recommend it to a friend. CONCLUSIONS Routine elective abdominal wall hernia repairs can be performed in a primary care setting, safely and with excellent outcomes.
Genetic Profile of Cumulative Mutational Damage Associated With Early Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma vs. Stage I Invasive Adenocarcinoma

To detect the possible genetic alterations characteristic of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and to study molecular genetic factors responsible for determining the biologic aggressiveness of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, comparative analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 9 chromosomal regions was performed in 14 BACs and in 20 stage I adenocarcinomas (AD). The most frequently affected chromosome regions in BAC were 8q and 17p. In stage I AD, more than 60% of the cases showed LOH of 1p, 3p, 5q, 7q, 17p, and 18q loci, and LOH of 1p, 3p, 7q, and 18q was observed with greater frequency than in BAC (P < 0.05). Fractional allele loss (FAL) was significantly greater in stage I AD than in BAC (P < 0.001). In cases with microdissection of multiple sites, intratumoral heterogeneity of LOH status was observed in 73% of BAC and 94% of stage I AD, and homogeneous distribution of LOH of 9p was unique to BAC. The high FAL value was associated with a poor prognosis of BAC, but this trend did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.098). In stage I AD, no correlation was found between LOH of particular chromosomal region or FAL and clinical outcome. LOH of 1p, 3p, 7q, and 18q was associated with invasive properties of pulmonary AD and may be useful in identifying invasive adenocarcinoma when conventional histomorphological tools are not helpful.
Concept formation and problem-solving following closed head injury in children

To further investigate the usefulness of 3 purported measures of executive function (EF) in head injured children, we administered the Twenty Questions Test (TQT), Tower of London (TOL), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to 151 children who had sustained a closed head injury (CHI) of varying severity about 3 years earlier. In addition, we tested 89 normal controls. Fifty-seven of the patients were included in a longitudinal study that compared performance at 3 months and 36 months. All of the head injured children underwent magnetic resonance imaging for investigational purposes. Severity of CHI, as defined by the lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, affected performance on all 3 EF measures. Focal lesion volume incremented prediction of performance on TOL and WCST, but not TQT. Moderate intercorrelations of the test variables were obtained. Although all three EF measures depicted changes in performance over 3 years, a ceiling effect detracted from the sensitivity of the TOL to the impact of CHI on development. Implications of the findings for clinical applications are discussed. (JINS, 1997, 3, 598–607.)
PNEUMONIA IN OLD AGE: Active Immunization Against Pneumonia with Pneumococcus Polysaccharide; Results of a Six Year Study

EVER since the discovery of the causative agent of pneumonia, its high toll of death has stimulated studies on active immunization against this disease. The experiments, however, when done on human beings were always of short terms. It seemed, therefore, that there was a need for a long term experiment on active immunization against pneumonia. The year by year fluctuations in the incidence and mortality rates might have distorted the results of even the most carefully controlled immunization studies if carried on only for a short period. The perusal of the literature proves that this is exactly what happened; all these experiments, whether done on a large or small scale with vaccines or pneumococcus polysaccharides, were conducted only for one or two years. This is one of the reasons why they contain such contradictory results, contradictory sometimes even within the scope of the same experiment. Furthermore, it seemed evident from
What Are Phonetic C

This paper reviews some of what is known about the acquisition and mental representation of phonetic categories. They in part arise from the language learner’s experience, but not entirely. They are, moreover, governed by functional principles, which must nonetheless be instantiated in the mind and grammar. 1 AN EXAMPLE TO START In many languages, tones spread from earlier to later in a word, but they rarely, if ever, spread from later to earlier in a word [1]. Why should tone spreading be perseverativebut not anticipatory? One possible answer is suggested by another crosslinguistically robust observation: speakers reach the F0 targets that realize tones late, often not until after the tone bearing unit that sponsors the tone [2,3 & many others]. When the F0 target is reached after the sponsoring tone bearing unit, listeners may mistakenly interpret the next tone bearing unit as the tone’s sponsor. Then when they take their turns as speakers, they will produce it one tone bearing unit later than the original speakers did. As they will also reach tone’s F0 targets late, other listeners may mistakenly interpret yet the next tone bearing unit as the tone’s sponsor, and so on. These successive misinterpretations progressively displace the tone to later and later tone bearing units. Tones are displaced in this way to the next tone bearing unit in Yoruba [4], where an input high.low (H.L) sequence is pronounced high-falling (H.HML) and an input L.H sequence is pronounced L.LMH, and in Kikuyu [5], where each input tone is pronounced on the next tone bearing unit. Tones in Isixhosa [6] are displaced as far as possible, up to the antepenultimate tone bearing unit or to next tone-sponsoring unit. Yoruba and Isixhosa illustrate the minimal and maximal phonological consequences of mistaking which unit sponsors a tone. Displacement is not, however, spreading. If listeners have morphological evidence from alternations that the tone is sponsored by the first tone bearing unit in the sequence, then the lateness of F0 targets will lead them to interpret the tone’s domain as extending from the sponsoring unit to the following unit(s), and the tone will then spread to rather than being displaced to later units. Spreading, like displacement, propogates because when listeners take their turns as speakers they also reach F0 targets late. Because tones’ F0 targets aren’t reached earlier than the sponsoring tone bearing unit, a listener has no occasion to mistake the preceding tone bearing unit for the tone’s spons spread
Safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim compared to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) supporting a dose-intensive, rapidly cycling anti-metabolite containing chemotherapy regimen (Hyper-CVAD) for lymphoid malignancy

Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) has proven efficacy as supportive therapy in a variety of 21-day chemotherapy regimens, but has not been studied in dose intensive, rapidly cycling regimens utilising cell-cycle active drugs (e.g. anti-metabolites) such as hyper-CVAD. This study examined whether pegfilgrastim was safe and lead to similar kinetics of neutrophil recovery as daily granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Using retrospective analysis, patients receiving pegfilgrastim (6 mg) were matched with controls (G-CSF 5 μg kg−1 per day) for a cycle of chemotherapy, prior chemotherapy, dose of cytarabine received, age (<60 or >60 years), diagnosis and bone marrow involvement. The primary endpoint was duration of grade IV neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count, ANC < 500 μl−1). Secondary endpoints included time to neutrophil recovery, incidence of febrile neutropenia, positive blood cultures and delay in subsequent chemotherapy. This study identified 124 pegfilgrastim supported cycles in 43 patients and successfully matched them to 124 G-CSF supported cycles from 38 patients treated between January 1999 and July 2005. There were no significant differences between pegfilgrastim and G-CSF groups in baseline or treatment-related variables. The median duration of grade IV neutropenia was 4 days in both groups (P = 0.55). Time to neutrophil recovery, incidence of febrile neutropenia, positive blood cultures and delay in subsequent chemotherapy were similar in both groups. Once per cycle dosing of pegfilgrastim appears safe and as effective as daily G-CSF for supporting the hyper-CVAD chemotherapy regimen.
Transient enhancement of inhibition following visual cortical lesions in the mouse superior colliculus

Numerous studies have investigated the effects of lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1) on visual responses in neurons of the superficial layer of the superior colliculus (sSC), which receives visual information from both the retina and V1. However, little is known about the changes in the local circuit dynamics of the sSC after receiving V1 lesions. Here, we show that surround inhibition of sSC neurons is transiently enhanced following V1 lesions in mice and that this enhancement may be attributed to alterations in the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to sSC neurons. Extracellular recordings in vivo revealed that sSC neuronal responses to large visual stimuli were transiently reduced at about 1 week after visual cortical lesions compared with normal mice and that this reduction was partially recovered at about 1 month after the lesions. By using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from sSC neurons in slice preparations obtained from mice that had received visual cortical lesions at 1 week prior to the recordings, we found cell type‐dependent changes in the balance between excitation and inhibition. In non‐GABAergic cells, inhibition predominated over excitation, whereas the excitation–inhibition balance did not change in GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that enhanced inhibition may be partially responsible for the reduced responses to large visual stimuli in some sSC neurons. Thus, we propose that the enhanced surround inhibition shortly after visual cortical lesions may prevent hyperexcitability in the sSC local circuit, contributing to reconstructing the finely tuned receptive field organization of sSC neurons after the visual cortical lesions.
A Novel Method of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging in Reflection Geometry

In reflection geometry of terahertz spectroscopy, the biological sample is usually placed on a sample window. This paper presents a novel method for eliminating the effect of the ringing, i.e., the interference between reflections of the reference and the sample, and from the air–window and sample–window interfaces, respectively. In the proposed method, a special thickness of substrate is designed to acquire an accurate reference reflection. The reflections of the samples of deionized water and ethanol were examined, and the calculation of optical properties of the samples by using our proposed method agrees with standard data. The main advantages of this method are simplicity, accuracy, and ease of application for reflection systems with different incident angles.