Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aromatase and Amphiregulin Are Correspondingly Expressed in Human Liver Cancer Cells

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with high mortality rates, being the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Although estrogens have been implicated in HCC, their potential role in development and/or progression of this malignancy remains unclear. In this study we investigated mRNA and protein expression of aromatase (Aro) and amphiregulin (AREG) in relation to estrogen receptors (ERs), in HepG2, Huh7, and HA22T human malignant liver cell lines, using RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses. Aro expression was significantly higher (∼13‐fold, P= 0.003) in HepG2 cells than in Huh7 cells, while no Aro expression could be detected in HA22T cells. Interestingly, the patterns of AREG expression were consistently associated with those of Aro, with ∼3‐fold and ∼8‐fold higher levels being seen in HepG2 cells than in Huh7 cells (P= 0.002) and HA22T cells (P= 0.0014), respectively. Using a specific set of primers, ERα46 is the only ER variant expressed in all cell lines, while the wild‐type ERα66 could not be detected. Western blot analysis revealed a corresponding figure. This evidence suggests that AREG expression may be upregulated by estrogens in human HCC and that locally elevated aromatase activity also may increase malignant cell proliferation through AREG signaling.
Survey on Classification Algorithms for Data Mining:(Comparison and Evaluation)

Data mining concept is growing fast in popularity, it is a technology that involving methods at the intersection of (Artificial intelligent, Machine learning, Statistics and database system), the main goal of data mining process is to extract information from a large data into form which could be understandable for further use. Some algorithms of data mining are used to give solutions to classification problems in database. In this paper a comparison among three classification’s algorithms will be studied, these are (K- Nearest Neighbor classifier, Decision tree and Bayesian network) algorithms. The paper will demonstrate the strength and accuracy of each algorithm for classification in term of performance efficiency and time complexity required. For model validation purpose, twenty-four-month data analysis is conducted on a mock-up basis. Keywords: Decision tree, Bayesian network, k- nearest neighbour classifier.
Nestin-EGFP Transgenic Mice: Visualization of the Self-Renewal and Multipotency of CNS Stem Cells

We generated transgenic mice carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the nestin second-intronic enhancer (E/nestin:EGFP). Flow cytometry followed by in vitro assays revealed that in situ EGFP expression in the embryonic brain correlated with the mitotic index, the cogeneration of both neurons and glia, and the frequency of neurosphere formation in vitro. High-level EGFP expressors derived from embryos included a distinct subpopulation of cells that were self-renewable and multipotent, criteria that define neural stem cells (NSCs). Such cells were largely absent among lower-level or non-EGFP expressors, thereby permitting us to enrich for NSCs using EGFP expression level. In adults, although E/nestin:EGFP-positive cells included the NSC population, the frequency of neurosphere formation did not correlate directly with the level of EGFP expression. However, moderately EGFP-expressing cells in adults gained EGFP intensity when they formed neurospheres, suggesting embryonic and adult NSCs exist in different microenvironments in vivo.
The Role of Workplace Characteristics in Breastfeeding Practices

ABSTRACT The present analyses were undertaken to understand the role of workplace characteristics in the breastfeeding practices of working women. The effects of the perception of the availability of employer-sponsored child care, the perception of the availability of a flexible schedule, hours worked at home, and worked a fixed schedule on breastfeeding outcomes were estimated using a sample of 1,506 births from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. The availability of employer-sponsored child care increased the likelihood of breastfeeding six months after birth by 47 percent. In addition, working an additional eight hours at home per week, at the mean, increased the probability of breastfeeding initiation by 8 percent and breastfeeding six months after birth by 16.8 percent. Workplace characteristics show promise as an effective way to increase breastfeeding rates among working women.
Quelques réflexions sur l'utilisation des modèles en hydrologie. [Tribune libre]

Cette reflexion sur la modelisation en hydrologie, bien que se referant souvent a ce domaine precis de l'hydrologie, se veut d'ordre plus general et propose une classification tres reductrice des modeles en deux genres: ceux etablis a partir de donnees d'observation des processus etudies, et ceux pour lesquels il n'existe aucune observation du phenomene a modeliser, a l'echelle etudiee. A partir de cette classification et des regles bien connues de la tragedie classique (unite de lieu, de temps, d'action), une pratique de la modelisation est proposee et des pistes de recherche sont degagees. On conclut en rappelant qu'il doit exister aussi, dans la communaute scientifique, en sus de recherches en modelisation a caractere « utilitaire », d'autres travaux portant sur des modeles qui ne servent a rien. Ces quelques reflexions, a caractere quelques peu polemique, ont pour objet d'initier si possible une discussion; d'ou la rubrique « tribune libre » ou elles paraissent.
A Predictive Functional Regression Model for Asset Return

Since many of predictive financial variables are highly persistent and non-stationary, it is challenging econometrically to explore the predictability of asset returns. Predictability issues are generally addressed in parametric regressions [1,2] in which rates of asset returns are regressed against the lagged values of stochastic explanatory variables, but three limitations stand ahead [3-5]. This paper studies a predictive functional regression model for asset returns, which takes account of endogeneity and integrated or nearly integrated explanatory variables. The regression function is expressed in terms of distribution of the vector of the observable variables. Estimators are nonlinear functionals of a kernel estimator for the distribution of the observable variables [6]. We find that the estimators for the distribution of the unobservable random terms and the nonparametric function are consistent and asymptotically normal. This paper obtains the similar results in many literatures, for example [1-5], but in different method.
Multiyear Prediction of Monthly Mean Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N

Stable Flow Whole-ocean deep circulation in the Atlantic, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), transports great quantities of heat from low latitudes to higher ones, which, for example, helps to warm Europe's climate. Matei et al. (p. 76) describe a modeling technique that allows AMOC strength to be predicted for up to 4 years in advance and suggests that AMOC should remain stable until at least 2014. The strength of an ocean current that transports heat to Europe can be predicted up to 4 years in advance. Attempts to predict changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) have yielded little success to date. Here, we demonstrate predictability for monthly mean AMOC strength at 26.5°N for up to 4 years in advance. This AMOC predictive skill arises predominantly from the basin-wide upper-mid-ocean geostrophic transport, which in turn can be predicted because we have skill in predicting the upper-ocean zonal density difference. Ensemble forecasts initialized between January 2008 and January 2011 indicate a stable AMOC at 26.5°N until at least 2014, despite a brief wind-induced weakening in 2010. Because AMOC influences many aspects of climate, our results establish AMOC as an important potential carrier of climate predictability.
Assessment of normal bowel habits in the general adult population: the Popcol study

Abstract Objective. Defining normal stool habit is important when evaluating diarrhoea or constipation, but common confounders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or the intake of medications with gastrointestinal side effects have not been considered in earlier population based studies defining what is normal. We hypothesized that the exclusion of subjects with common confounders would help to better understand what are “normal bowel habits”. We aimed to prospectively study bowel habits in a carefully studied random sample of the general population. Material and methods. Two hundred and sixty-eight randomly selected subjects between 18 and 70 years completed symptom diaries for one week and were clinically evaluated by a gastroenterologist. They also had a colonoscopy and laboratory investigations to exclude organic disease. Results. One hundred and twenty-four subjects had no organic gastrointestinal abnormality, IBS, or relevant medication; 98% of them had between three stools per day and three per week. Seventy-seven percent of all stools were normal, 12% hard, and 10% loose in consistency. Urgency was reported by 36%; straining by 47% and incomplete defecation by 46%. After the exclusion of subjects with organic abnormalities, women had significantly more symptoms than men in terms of abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, urgency, and feeling of incomplete evacuation but these gender differences disappeared after excluding subjects with IBS. Conclusions. This study confirms that normal stool frequency is between three per week and three per day. We could not demonstrate any gender or age differences in terms of stool frequency, defecatory symptoms or abdominal bloating. Some degree of urgency, straining, and incomplete evacuation should be considered normal.
Predominant symptoms identify different subgroups in functional dyspepsia

OBJECTIVE:Dyspepsia is a common syndrome that often defies diagnosis. Whether the unexplained (or “functional”) dyspepsia represents a homogeneous syndrome or includes different subgroups with specific clinical features has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between symptom severity, demographic features, and gastric dysmotility in a large series of patients with functional dyspepsia.METHODS:Severity of individual digestive symptoms, demographic features, and scintigraphic gastric emptying of solids were evaluated in 483 patients with chronic unexplained dyspepsia.RESULTS:Two main subgroups were identified. The first was characterized by predominant epigastric pain, male gender (61%), and normal gastric emptying. The second subgroup was characterized by predominant nonpainful symptoms, female gender (60%), a high frequency of associated irritable bowel syndrome (30%), and delayed gastric emptying (42%). A third group included approximately one-third of patients who did not present with any predominant symptom, and was characterized by a high frequency of delayed gastric emptying (30%), overlapping irritable bowel syndrome (28%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (41%). CONCLUSIONS:Different subgroups exist among patients with functional dyspepsia seen in a referral center. They can be identified by the predominant symptom and are characterized by different demographic, clinical, and pathophysiological features.
Wavelets for computer graphics: a primer.1

Wavelets are a mathematical tool for hierarchically decomposing functions. They allow a function to be described in terms of a coarse overall shape, plus details that range from broad to narrow. Regardless of whether the function of interest is an image, a curve, or a surface, wavelets offer an elegant technique for representing the levels of detail present. The article is intended to provide people working in computer graphics with some intuition for what wavelets are, as well as to present the mathematical foundations necessary for studying and using them. We discuss the simple case of Haar wavelets in one and two dimensions, and show how they can be used for image compression. <<ETX>>
Breaking the Stereotype: The Case of Online Gaming

Despite the rise of computer games as a leisure phenomenon, there has been relatively little research into this area. Furthermore, almost all of the research to date has concentrated on arcade or console games. More recently, the Internet has become a new medium in which players can play videogames. Since there is no published research in this area, some "benchmark" data on which future research can build was collected from two online gaming fan sites. Sociodemographics showed that the majority of players were male (approximately 85%). Over 60% of players were older than 19 years. The data provide clear evidence that the game clientele is very much an adult profile and suggest a different picture to the stereotypical image of an adolescent online gamer. The stereotype of the typical online player being a socially withdrawn young male with limited sex role identity appears to be misplaced.
Achieving AWGN Multiple Access Channel Capacity with Spatial Graph Coupling

Communication over a multiple access channel is considered. Each user modulates his signal as a superposition of redundant data streams where interconnection of data bits can be represented by means of a sparse graph. The receiver observes a signal resulting from the coupling of the sparse modulation graphs. Iterative interference cancellation decoding is analyzed. It is proved that spatial graph coupling allows to achieve the AWGN channel capacity with equal power and rate transmissions.
Osteoprogenitor cell frequency in rat bone marrow stromal populations: Role for heterotypic cell–cell interactions in osteoblast differentiation

Glucocorticoids, notably dexamethasone (Dex), have been reported to be a requirement for osteoprogenitor cell differentiation in young adult rat bone marrow stromal cell populations. We have reinvestigated the requirement for Dex and analyzed the frequency of osteoprogenitor cells present. Stromal cells were grown as primary or first subcultures in the presence or absence of Dex and their expression of osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase activity, hormone responsiveness, and matrix molecules, including type I collagen, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin), as well as their functional capacity to differentiate to form a mineralized bone nodule, were assessed. Dex increased, but was not an absolute requirement for, the expression of osteogenic markers. Bone nodule formation was plating cell density dependent and occurred under all combinations of treatment with or without Dex but was maximal when Dex was present in both the primary and secondary cultures. Dex increased CFU‐F by ∼2‐fold, but increased CFU‐O (osteoprogenitor cells; bone nodule forming cells) by 5‐ to 50‐fold depending on the cell density and duration of treatment. Neither CFU‐F nor CFU‐O expression followed a linear relationship in limiting dilution analysis until very high cell densities were reached, suggesting cooperativity of cell types within the population and a multitarget phenomenon leading to osteoprogenitor differentiation. When a large number of nonadherent bone marrow cells or their conditioned medium was added to the stromal cells, osteoprogenitors comprised approximately 1/100 of plated adherent cells and their expression followed a linear, single‐hit relationship. By contrast, rat skin fibroblasts or their conditioned medium totally inhibited bone nodule formation. These data support the hypothesis that in marrow stroma, as in other bone cell populations such as those from calvaria, there are at least two classes of osteoprogenitor cells: those differentiating in the absence of added glucocorticoid and those requiring glucocorticoid to differentiate, that more than one cell type is limiting for stromal osteoprogenitor differentiation suggesting a role for heterotypic cell–cell interactions in osteogenesis in this tissue, and that Dex may be acting directly and/or indirectly through accessory cells in the bone marrow to alter osteoprogenitor cell expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 72:396–410, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fidelity and robustness analysis of SVD-based image watermarking schemes

In this paper, an SVD-based perceptual fidelity metric is reviewed and used in the context of objective quantification of image watermarking fidelity for two stateof-the-art Image Adaptive SVD-based Watermarking Schemes. The proposed metric makes use of a Human Visual System perceptual model in the wavelet domain. The robustness of the watermarking schemes against JPEG compression and resizing is also tested on an image dataset of natural color images.
Early Selection of Critical Paths for Reliable NBTI Aging-Delay Monitoring

Aging effects in advanced technologies produce significant performance degradation as time progresses. In order to guarantee safe operation, aging-delay monitors can be inserted at the output nodes of critical paths (CPs) to allow predictive error detection. However, online monitoring of a large number of CPs that can exist in the state-of-art designs is not feasible. The conventional statistical selection of CPs requires knowledge of the coordinates of each gate in the corresponding layout of the circuit to account for spatial correlation between devices' process parameters. This paper presents a nonspatial-correlation-dependent methodology to select the CPs for aging-delay monitoring for predictive error detection. Spatial correlation is bounded by a statistical approach maximizing CPs' coverage. The proposed early selection methodology is validated by comparing the obtained results with those obtained with the availability of spatial correlation information extracted from the circuit layout. The results clearly show that the set of CPs selected with the proposed early selection methodology is in good agreement with the one selected with the availability of layout information. Therefore, our proposed methodology is very attractive to be used in the early design stages, where detailed circuit layout is not available.
Mangrove classification using support vector machines and random forest algorithm: a comparative study

Mangrove forest ecosystems fulfil a number of important functions like supporting the conservation of biological diversity by providing habitats, nurseries, and nutrients for animal species. In the Philippines, mangrove forests are declining due to the growth of aquaculture production. Mangrove forests are slowly being replaced by fishponds. An accurate inventory of what are left of these natural resources is important to know how we can conserve and manage them. This study aims to compare the performance of support vector machines (SVM) with random forest (RF) algorithm in automatically classifying mangrove forests using LiDAR data and orthophotographs in an object based approach. The site is a 36 sq. km. coastal area in Manapla, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Various derivatives were created from the LiDAR data like the pit-free canopy height model (CHM) and intensity. The CHM was used in contrast split segmentation to distinguish between ground and non-ground objects. Only the non-ground objects were segmented further knowing that majority of mangroves are tall. Inventory of short mangroves is not yet included in this study. The non-ground objects were further segmented using multiresolution segmentation with the CHM and RGB bands of the orthophoto using a scale of 15. The non-ground class was further separated into four classes namely: mangrove, built-up, other trees, and sugarcane. 120 training points and 30 validation points per class were collected by visual inspection using the orthophoto as reference. Several features of the training objects were computed from both the LiDAR and orthophoto derivatives and used for classification. SVM with radial basis function was used to classify the rest of the image and resulted in an overall accuracy of 95.83%. For mangroves, its precision and recall reached 83.33% and 100%, respectively. In the SVM classification, mangroves were confused with other trees and sugarcane. Another machine learning algorithm, random forest (RF) was used to classify the same area to compare their performance and accuracy. Using the same features, the RF classification achieved an overall accuracy of 99.1667%. For mangroves, the RF classification obtained 100% and 96.70% for its precision and recall, respectively. The RF classifier confused other trees with mangroves which caused the error. The accuracies from both machine learning algorithms show that the RF classifier performed better than the SVM classifier and further implies the potential of using RF in classifying mangroves in other areas.
Alcohol consumption and bone mineral density in elderly women

Abstract Objective Findings regarding alcohol consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women have been inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to explore the association of alcohol intake with BMD in elderly women. Design This cohort study included women from the population-based Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention – Fracture Prevention Study (OSTPRE-FPS). Alcohol intake and potential confounders were assessed at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up using a lifestyle questionnaire. In addition, an FFQ was distributed in the third year to measure dietary intake, including alcohol. Women underwent BMD measurements at the femoral neck and lumbar spine at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up. Setting Kuopio Province, Finland. Subjects Three hundred elderly women (mean age 67·8 years) who provided both BMD measurements and FFQ data. Results Alcohol consumption estimated from the FFQ and lifestyle questionnaire was significantly associated with BMD at both measurement sites after adjustment for potential confounders, including lifestyle and dietary factors (P < 0·05). Using the FFQ, women drinking >3 alcoholic drinks/week had significantly higher BMD than abstainers, 12·0 % at the femoral neck and 9·2 % at the lumbar spine. Results based on the lifestyle questionnaire showed higher BMD values for all alcohol-consuming women at the femoral neck and for women drinking 1–3 alcoholic beverages/week at the lumbar spine, compared with non-users. Conclusions The results from OSTPRE-FPS suggest that low to moderate alcohol intake may exert protective effects on bone health in elderly women.