Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolving Design of 20th-Century Apartments in Ankara

This study analyzes a longitudinal series of Ankara apartment houses using space syntax methodology to uncover the underlying genotype and its transformation over time. The results indicate that transition-space-centred organization is the underlying spatial structure for 20th-century Ankara apartments. Diachronic examination of the sample in terms of sectoral differentiation—that is, clustering of spaces based on functional and social requirements, and in relation to the exterior— has identified three groups: (a) the houses from the 1920s with no sector differentiation and one entrance; (b) the houses from the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s with different sectors and multiple entrances; (c) the houses from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s with different sectors and one entrance. Viewing these results in relation to an analysis of the history of domestic culture demonstrates that there exists a schism between the historical periods representing social changes and the spatial periods representing the transformation of the Ankara house genotype.
Metaphor and convention

Abstract This article argues that lexical metaphors should be seen as graded: they differ in their conventionalized ability to activate concepts from the source domain. Such differences in metaphorical strength are analyzed, along with other (graded) dimensions of conventionality. Co-occurrence patterns for conventionalized metaphors from the WEIGHT domain in Swedish are investigated in some detail, making use of extensive corpus data. The results indicate large differences in metaphorical strength. This provides implications for the relation between conceptual and lexical levels of metaphor, which are found to be more dialectic than usually assumed, especially within Conceptual Metaphor Theory.
Conceptions of Human-Computer Interaction: A Model for Understanding Student Errors

At this time, when many scholars are studying human-computer interaction, there is no dominant paradigm or model of students' conceptions of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This article presents an HCI conceptions model that proposes a division between operational errors and underlying conceptions. The two types of operational errors discussed are syntactic and algorithmic. The three types of underlying conceptions discussed are based on natural language reasoning, independent computer reasoning, and alternative or incomplete reasoning. The proposed categories and explanations may be the basis from which a detailed taxonomy of HCI literacy can be developed.
Usefulness of mass screening for ovarian carcinoma using transvaginal ultrasonography

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I ovarian carcinoma, which has the worst prognosis among all types of gynecologic carcinoma, has a high cure rate as has been reported, but early diagnosis is difficult and to the authors' knowledge screening methods have not been established. Since 1989, the authors have performed transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) as a form of screening for ovarian carcinoma. The purpose of the current study was to summarize and evaluate screening results for the last 10 years with respect to ovarian carcinoma diagnosis and risk factors.
A review of R&D evaluation methods

R&D evaluation methods and associated techniques are briefly reviewed. First, the use of checklists-ranging from a simple list of elements to a catalogue of profiles, or information patterns-is investigated. Then, some of the difficulties of interpretation and application of the deceptively simple index method-including consideration of the Olsen, Pacifico, Teal, and Disman formulas-are examined. This method is approached also from the return on original investment (ROOI) viewpoint and, by this means, several intriguing and unifying relationships, and certain new R&D indices are derived. Following a look at some indices of different type, some miscellaneous methods-including risk analysis, credibility forecast, decision tree, impact analysis, and one or two other techniques-are touched upon.
The Syntax of Semantic Relations in Italian

The experiment reported in this paper is a feature engeneering operation that explores the syntactic structures of three dierent semantic relation types with tree kernels. This is done in order to nd whether syntax can be a good feature to improve semantic relation separability in classication tasks. The average accuracy obtained is 63.09% .
Switching constructs : on the selection of an appropriate blueprint for academic literacy assessment

Tests of language ability are based on a certain construct that defines this ability, and this blueprint determines what it is that will be measured. The University of Pretoria has, since 2000, annually administered a test of academic language proficiency to more than 6000 first-time students. The intention of this test is to identify those who are at risk academically as a result of too low a level of academic language proficiency. If their academic literacy levels are too low, students are required to enrol for a set of four courses in order to minimise their risk of failure. The Unit for Language Skills Development at the University of Pretoria has now embarked on a project to design an alternative test to the one used initially, specifically with a view to basing it on a new construct. The reason is that the construct of the current test has become contested over the last decade as a result of its dependence on an outdated concept of language, which equates language ability with knowledge of sound, vocabulary, form, and meaning. Present-day concepts emphasise a much richer view of language competence, and their focus has, moreover, shifted from discrete language skills to the attainment of academic literacy. In this paper the abilities encompassed by this view will be discussed in order to compare the construct of the current test with the proposed construct. Key Words: language testing; academic literacy; test constructs; accountability Journal for Language Teaching Vol.38(1) 2004: 1-13
Premières journées nationales de pharmacodépendance (CEIP). Place de la pharmacodépendance dans l’évaluation du médicament

Resume Le systeme francais d’evaluation de la pharmacodependance cree en 1990 a ete officialise par le decret n°99-249 rendant notamment obligatoire la notification des cas d’abus et de pharmacodependance et precisant le role de chaque intervenant (Agence, Industriels du medicament, Centres d’Evaluation et d’Information sur la Pharmacodependance [CEIP], professionnels de sante) dans l’evaluation de la pharmacodependance des medicaments mis sur le marche. Les premieres journees de la pharmacodependance organisees a l’occasion du 2 e congres annuel conjoint des societes de Pharmacologie Therapeutique et Physiologie (P2T) a Toulouse en avril 2007 ont eu pour objectif de faire mieux connaitre le role du reseau francais d’evaluation de la pharmacodependance au cours du developpement du medicament, en precisant les specificites de cette demarche et notamment les outils mis en place depuis la creation des CEIP.
Rule Extraction: From Neural Architecture to Symbolic Representation

This paper shows how knowledge, in the form of fuzzy rules, can be derived from a supervised learning neural network called fuzzy ARTMAP. Rule extraction proceeds in two stages: pruning, which simplifies the network structure by removing excessive recognition categories and weights; and quantization of continuous learned weights, which allows the final system state to be translated into a usable set of descriptive rules. Three benchmark studies illustrate the rule extraction methods: (1) Pima Indian diabetes diagnosis, (2) mushroom classification and (3) DNA promoter recognition. Fuzzy ARTMAP and ART-EMAP are compared with the ADAP algorithm, the k nearest neighbor system, the back-propagation network and the C4.5 decision tree. The ARTMAP rule extraction procedure is also compared with the Knowledgetron and NOFM algorithms, which extract rules from back-propagation networks. Simulation results consistently indicate that ARTMAP rule extraction produces compact sets of comprehensible rules for which accura.
Robust coding technique : transform encryption coding for noisy communications

A robust property of transform encryption coding for channel and quantization noise is presented. In transform encryption coding, the signal is prefiltered before transform coding. Therefore, a postfiltering process is necessary to reconstruct the signal from the transform coding. It is shown thatthe prefiltered signal is unrecognized and, thus, that signal encryption is achieved. Owing to the requisite postfiltering process, the channel and quantization noise spread all over the reconstructed signal from transform encryption coding, and become less visible. In addition, transform encryption coding not only increases the compression ratio, quality, noise insensitivity, and security level of the coded signal but also removes the blocking effect. It can be considered, therefore, as a combined source-channel coding scheme and is suitable for the applications related to noisy channel communications.
Numerical simulation of supersonic wake flow with parallel computers

Simulating a supersonic wake flow field behind a conical body is a computing intensive task. It requires a large number of computational cells to capture the dominant flow physics and a robust numerical algorithm to obtain a reliable solution. High performance parallel computers with unique distributed processing and data storage capability can provide this need. They have larger computational memory and faster computing time than conventional vector computers. We apply the PINCA Navier-Stokes code to simulate a wind-tunnel supersonic wake experiment on Intel Gamma, Intel Paragon, and IBM SP2 parallel computers. These simulations are performed to study the mean flow in the near wake region of a sharp, 7-degree half-angle, adiabatic cone at Mach number 4.3 and freestream Reynolds number of 40,600. Overall the numerical solutions capture the general features of the hypersonic laminar wake flow and compare favorably with the wind tunnel data. With a refined and clustering grid distribution in the recirculation zone, the calculated location of the rear stagnation point is consistent with the 2D axisymmetric and 3D experiments. In this study, we also demonstrate the importance of having a large local memory capacity within a computer node and the effective utilization of the number of computermore » nodes to achieve good parallel performance when simulating a complex, large-scale wake flow problem. « less
A path analysis approach to concurrent program testing

A path analysis approach to concurrent program testing is proposed. A concurrent path model for modeling the execution behavior of a concurrent program is presented. In the model, an execution of a concurrent program is seen as involving a concurrent path (which comprises the paths of all concurrent tasks), and the tasks' synchronizations are modeled as a concurrent route to traverse the concurrent path involved in the execution. Accordingly, testing is a process to examine the correctness of each concurrent route along all concurrent paths of concurrent programs. On the basis of the model, the test format is defined, and a path analysis testing methodology is presented. Also, several coverage criteria, extended from coverage criteria for sequential programs, are proposed. Some practical issues of path analysis testing, namely, test path generation, test data generation, and design of the test execution control mechanism are also addressed. <<ETX>>
Statistical Analysis Aiming at Predicting Respiratory Tract Disease Hospital Admissions from Environmental Variables in the City of São Paulo

This study is aimed at creating a stochastic model, named Brazilian Climate and Health Model (BCHM), through Poisson regression, in order to predict the occurrence of hospital respiratory admissions (for children under thirteen years of age) as a function of air pollutants, meteorological variables, and thermal comfort indices (effective temperatures, ET). The data used in this study were obtained from the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 1997 and 2000. The respiratory tract diseases were divided into three categories: URI (Upper Respiratory tract diseases), LRI (Lower Respiratory tract diseases), and IP (Influenza and Pneumonia). The overall results of URI, LRI, and IP show clear correlation with SO2 and CO, PM10 and O3, and PM10, respectively, and the ETw4 (Effective Temperature) for all the three disease groups. It is extremely important to warn the government of the most populated city in Brazil about the outcome of this study, providing it with valuable information in order to help it better manage its resources on behalf of the whole population of the city of Sao Paulo, especially those with low incomes.
Breast Cancer Cytogenetics: Clues to Genetic Complexity of the Disease

sion in neoplasia. Cytogenetic analysis has spearheaded the localization, identification, and cloning of genes critical to the development of hematopoietic and small, round cell tumors of childhood. Today, cytogenetic investigations are yielding insights into epithelial tumor initiation and progression as well. In fact, 6% of the solid tumor cytogenetic studies listed in the 1994 Cutulog of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer (1) (the major data bank for neoplastic cytogenetic abnormalities) are derived from breast tumors, a figure very different from the fewer than 70 tumors in the 1988 edition. Characteristics inherent in breast cancers (e.g., heterogeneity, slow growth) have delayed identification of breast-cancer-specific cytogenetic associations. Other features that have hampered recognition of common cytogenetic alterations include tumor necrosis, low mitotic activity, the outgrowth of stromal elements, relatively few good quality metaphases, and highiy complex rearrangements in tumor cells. The published cytogenetic
Fuzzy verification of high‐resolution gridded forecasts: a review and proposed framework

High‐resolution forecasts from numerical models can look quite realistic and provide the forecaster with very useful guidance. However, when verified using traditional metrics they often score quite poorly because of the difficulty of predicting an exact match to the observations at high resolution. ‘Fuzzy’ verification rewards closeness by relaxing the requirement for exact matches between forecasts and observations. The key to the fuzzy approach is the use of a spatial window or neighbourhood surrounding the forecast and/or observed points. The treatment of the data within the window may include averaging (upscaling), thresholding, or generation of a PDF, depending on the particular fuzzy method used and its implicit decision model concerning what makes a good forecast. The size of the neighbourhood can be varied to provide verification results at multiple scales, thus allowing the user to determine at which scales the forecast has useful skill.
The flat maximum effect and linear scoring models for prediction

Our paper challenges the conventional wisdom that the flat maximum inflicts the ‘curse of insensitivity’ on the modelling of judgement and decision processes. In particular, we argue that this widely demonstrated failure on the part of conventional statistical methods to differentiate between competing models has a useful role to play in the development of accessible and economical applied systems, since it allows a low cost choice between systems which vary in their cognitive demands on the user and in their ease of development and implementation. To illustrate our thesis, we take two recent applications of linear scoring models used for credit scoring and for the prediction of sudden infant death. The paper discusses the nature and determinants of the flat maximum as well as its role in applied cognition. Other sections mention certain unanswered questions about the development of linear scoring models and briefly describe competing formulations for prediction.
An examination of sources of support preferred by end-user computing personnel

End-User Computing The phenomenal growth of end-user computing has been reported often. Nelson (1989) estimated that four out of five administrative and professional workers are using personal computing to support their work and personal activities. End-user computing reportedly accounts for 50 percent to 75 percent of all computer resources (Arkush and Stanton, 1987; Benjamin, 1984). End-user computing refers to the self-sufficient use of computer technology or the autonomous use of information technology by business and other knowledgeable personnel outside the information systems department (Brancheau and Wetherbe, 1990). Studies by Panko (1988) and Watson and Carr (1987) forecasted that enduser computing would be the dominant form of computing by the end of the decade. Not surprisingly, Arkush and Stanton (1990) found that over five years, the installed base of hardware and software purchased, managed, and owned by end-users increased to the point that in most large companies, 50% to 75% of all MIS applications are owned by end-users. Ein-dor and Segev (1988) found that 40% of the work force of the surveyed organizations were end-users. Munro, Huff, and Moore (1987-88) report that end-user computing has become a key component of many firms’ activities, now ranked second in importance among all information systems activities, just behind information systems planning by information systems managers. End-users perceive information systems as more useful and better aligned with the needs of their business. They set their own priorities and spend money where they believe value can be achieved (Arkush and Stanton, 1987). End-users do not worry about an intermediary or about a time lag in the receipt of information (Head,
Phase II Study of Capecitabine in Combination With Thalidomide in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer

ABSTRACT We examined the toxicity/efficacy of capecitabine with thalidomide, administered over 21-day cycles, in 24 previously treated metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. This regimen was poorly tolerated: grade 3/4 neutropenia (13%); grade 3 nausea (22%), vomiting (17%), and diarrhea (13%); and grade 2/3 hand–foot syndrome (38%). In addition, the response rate was lower than expected: partial response (13%), stable disease (17%), and progressive disease at first evaluation (35%). The median time to progression and overall survival were 2.7 and 11.0 months, respectively. These results do not support further investigation of thalidomide for MBC. The role of angiogenesis inhibition in breast cancer treatment should continue to be defined using more efficacious and specific inhibitors.
Design and implementation of a high performance network security processor

The last few years have seen many significant progresses in the field of application-specific processors. One example is network security processors (NSPs) that perform various cryptographic operations specified by network security protocols and help to offload the computation intensive burdens from network processors (NPs). This article presents a high performance NSP system architecture implementation intended for both internet protocol security (IPSec) and secure socket layer (SSL) protocol acceleration, which are widely employed in virtual private network (VPN) and e-commerce applications. The efficient dual one-way pipelined data transfer skeleton and optimised integration scheme of the heterogenous parallel crypto engine arrays lead to a Gbps rate NSP, which is programmable with domain specific descriptor-based instructions. The descriptor-based control flow fragments large data packets and distributes them to the crypto engine arrays, which fully utilises the parallel computation resources and improves the overall system data throughput. A prototyping platform for this NSP design is implemented with a Xilinx XC3S5000 based FPGA chip set. Results show that the design gives a peak throughput for the IPSec ESP tunnel mode of 2.85 Gbps with over 2100 full SSL handshakes per second at a clock rate of 95 MHz.
The Relationship Between Cervical Column Curvature and Sagittal Position of the Jaws: Using a New Method for Evaluating Curvature

BACKGROUND For determining the cervical column curvature, the curve fitting method is the most precise method, but using this method in clinic seems to be difficult if not possible. In this study, we used a modification of cervical column inclination angle that has been already mentioned OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the posture and curvature of the cervical column introducing a modified constructed angle in order to evaluate the cervical column curvature in a relax position in relation to the jaws sagittal position. PATIENTS AND METHODS The lateral cephalometries of patients with no anomaly were taken in the natural head position. The mean age of the patients was 13.49 years including 56 female and 44 male. Steiner and Wits analysis was used to evaluate the sagittal position of the jaws. Modified constructed CVT/HOR and OPT/HOR angles were used to evaluate the cervical column posture and curvature. Patients were classified into three groups according to the angle's classification. RESULTS The results showed a significant positive correlation between modified constructed angles and sagittal jaw relationships (P < 0.05). Besides, in class II patients, there was a significant correlation between OPT/HOR and parameters ANB and Wits (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Age could not affect the curvature and posture of the cervical column. CONCLUSIONS According to the result of this study using modified constructed angles may be a simple method for evaluation of the relation between cervical column curvature and sagittal position of the jaws. There is significant correlation between cervical column posture angles and parameters ANB and Wits in Cl. II patients.
Comparative Evaluations of Four Specification Methods for Real-Time Systems

Abstract : A number of methods have been proposed in the last decade for the specification of system and software requirements for time-critical systems. The emerging CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) technology is based heavily on a subset of these methods; yet little objective attention has been paid to the methods themselves. This report describes our objective evaluation of four methods (identified as ESML, Harel, Hatley-Pirbhai, and Ward-Mellor), from identification through detailed assessment. We have avoided the use of small sample problems as the sole basis of our evaluation. We depart from this approach by involving software developers from various application domains, including extended interviews of those who have applied the methods to large- scale projects. The resulting recommendations and conclusions focus on method selection criteria, and on the large-grained impact of using these methods on a given project. The primary audience of this report is the software development practitioner involved in the method selection of adoption process. The paper attempts to provide proper context to assist the practitioner in making appropriate method adoption decisions.