Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mulch materials in processing tomato: a multivariate approach

Mulch materials of different origins have been introduced into the agricultural sector in recent years alternatively to the standard polyethylene due to its environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the multivariate response of mulch materials over three consecutive years in a processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) crop in Central Spain. Two biodegradable plastic mulches (BD1, BD2), one oxo-biodegradable material (OB), two types of paper (PP1, PP2), and one barley straw cover (BS) were compared using two control treatments (standard black polyethylene [PE] and manual weed control [MW]). A total of 17 variables relating to yield, fruit quality, and weed control were investigated. Several multivariate statistical techniques were applied, including principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis. A group of mulch materials comprised of OB and BD2 was found to be comparable to black polyethylene regarding all the variables considered. The weed control variables were found to be an important source of discrimination. The two paper mulches tested did not share the same treatment group membership in any case: PP2 presented a multivariate response more similar to the biodegradable plastics, while PP1 was more similar to BS and MW. Based on our multivariate approach, the materials OB and BD2 can be used as an effective, more environmentally friendly alternative to polyethylene mulches.
MAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENTS ANALYSIS OF THE SCUPOL 850 μm POLARIZATION DATA CATALOG

We present an extensive analysis of the 850 μm polarization maps of the SCUBA Polarimeter Legacy (SCUPOL) Catalogue produced by Matthews et al., focusing exclusively on the molecular clouds and star-forming regions. For the sufficiently sampled regions, we characterize the depolarization properties and the turbulent-to-mean magnetic field ratio of each region. Similar sets of parameters are calculated from two-dimensional synthetic maps of dust-emission polarization produced with three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulations scaled to the S106, OMC-2/3, W49, and DR21 molecular cloud polarization maps. For these specific regions, the turbulent MHD regimes retrieved from the simulations, as described by the turbulent Alfvén and Sonic Mach numbers, are consistent within a factor one to two with the values of the same turbulent regimes estimated from the analysis of Zeeman measurements data provided by Crutcher. Constraints on the values of the inclination angle α of the mean magnetic field with respect to the line of sight are also given. The values obtained from the comparison of the simulations with the SCUPOL data are consistent with the estimates made by using two observational methods provided by other authors. Our main conclusion is that simple, ideal, isothermal, and non-self-gravitating MHD simulations are sufficient in order to describe the large-scale observed physical properties of the envelopes of this set of regions.
Multivariant Crystallization of Tetraplatin Precursors from Solutions Containing 1,2-C6H10(NH3)2 2+ and [PtCl6]2– Ions

Seven new phases containing hexachloroplatinate [PtCl6]2− and trans-1,2-dl-diammoniumcyclohexane 1,2- ions were obtained by crystallization from solutions with minor variation of synthesis conditions. The compounds can be applied as precursors for the synthesis of effective anticancer drug tetraplatin ([PtC6H10(NH2)2Cl4]). The phase diversity was achieved by alterations including solvent acidity, crystallization rate, temperature, type of solvent, and the reagents ratio. The compounds were characterized by chemical and thermal analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of the five compounds were determined by X-ray powder diffraction technique. The phases have ionic structures involving H2O, HCl molecules, or Cl− ions as supplementary species in the lattices. It helps to arrange some frames additionally interconnected by hydrogen bonds between ions and solvent molecules. It was suggested that crystal lattices adapted associated particles presented in solutions. It results in observed variety of the crystal structures. Besides the basic interest the obtained results are important for tetraplatin synthesis control.
Modelling of Sand Production and Wormhole Propagation in an Oil Saturated Sand Pack Using Stabilized Finite Element Methods

Sand production is a prevalent problem in the oil and gas industry. As sand particles are being dislodged from a sand matrix and transported into the produced fluid, they form cavities or so-called “wormholes” in the formation. The paper presents a finite element simulation of an experiment that involves sand production and wormhole propagation in a sand pack as fluid is drawn from it through a small orifice. The computations are based on a recently developed sand erosion model that describes the disaggregation of sand particles as a function of sand matrix strength and fluid flux. The writing of both particle and fluid transport equations then completes the hydrodynamics of the problem. Special numerical techniques, such as stabilized finite element methods, are developed to solve the resulting nonlinear governing equations that include coupled fields such as fluidized sand concentration, fluid pressure, and porosity. Numerical results are in close agreement with experimental data available for the sand pack experiment. In particular, the computed porosity field and its temporal evolution during wormhole propagation match very well with available CT scan images of the sand pack. PAPER: 2002-227
Offshore megalopae of Callinectes sapidus: depth of collection, molt stage and response to estuarine cues

Megalopae of CalOnectes sapidus from offshore waters can shorten the interval to metamorphosis to f~rst crab in response to cues common to settlement habitat within estuaries. Observations were made on postlarvae (megalopae) collected offshore from the Chesapeake Bay (USA) over a period of several days in October 1992, fairly late in the recruitment season. Megalopae exposed to a combination of water from the marsh surface and low salinity accelerated metamorphosis by 10%. Physiological condition of postlarvae collected both in surface waters and from the bottom was compared, using molt stage, progress to molt, and survivorship as indicators. No differences in physical condition were detected, and no megalopae were in active premolt. The pattern of progress to metamorphosis implies that both benthic and surface postlarvae are able to delay metamorphosis, and that the ~nitiation of behaviors that move megalopae from surface waters is temporally segregated from advance to metamorphosis.
Ownership structure, internal governance and earnings management in Hong Kong

This study examines whether ownership structure and internal governance mechanisms are associated with earnings management in Hong Kong. We hypothesize that the earnings management of a firm is associated with the ownership structure including ownership concentrations, different ownership concentration levels of family held companies and substantial institutional investors; and internal governance mechanisms including firms that are audited Big 4 auditors and proportion of outside directors. The non-discretionary accruals are measured using modified Jones model with crosssectional basis. We employ multivariate model to investigate the relationship between discretionary accruals and various independent variables. Our results show that discretionary accruals are positively associated with high/low level of family ownership and negatively related to firms that are audited by Big 4 auditor as hypothesized. Our results reveal that the controlling shareholders in family businesses can expropriate minority shareholders by accounting manipulations and that independent nonexecutive directors cannot effectively constrain opportunistic earnings management. This requires regulators and standard setters to improve the extent of investor protection and to increase the independence of outside directors on the board.
Institutions, culture and the onset of the demographic transition

This paper uses new estimates of the dates on which different countries experienced their demographic transition to examine the main historical determinants of these transitions. Our results indicate that countries with better historical institutions reached the onset of the transition earlier. This is the case after controlling for the effects of geography, climate, religion, and legal origins. We distinguish between the roles played by formal and informal institutions, where the latter are proxied by culture, using the genetic distance between populations from Spolaore and Wacziarg (2009). We find that both types of institutions are significant predictors of the timing of demographic transition. Our results are robust to endogeneity issues, measurement error, and alternative specifications.
A Batch Preparation Method for Graphite Targets With Low Background for AMS 14C Measurements

We have developed a method of graphitization from CO2 samples for accurate 14C measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry. Our batch method, using a sealed Vycor tube, reduces the risk of contamination during graphitization and makes it possible to prepare many samples in a short time (typically 20 samples per day).
Molecular characterization through IGS sequencing of formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum pathogenic on lamb's lettuce.

Twenty-nine strains of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from wilted lamb’s lettuce plants ( Valerianella olitoria ) along with eight ATCC reference strains were examined for differences in the nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer (IGS) region, which is about 2.5 kb long in these strains. A phylogenetic (neighbour-joining) analysis was performed on the strains and identified four phylogenetic groups, I, II, III, and IV. Most F. oxysporum isolates recovered from wilted lamb’s lettuce plants cultivated in northern Italy clustered in group I and were very similar to F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani . All the isolates, including the 8 control strains, were tested for pathogenicity on lamb’s lettuce cv. Trophy cultivated in the glasshouse. Most isolates from northern Italy were pathogenic on lamb’s lettuce, displaying varying degrees of virulence, and their IGS sequence were similar to the forma specialis raphani . However, four isolates were not pathogenic on lamb’s lettuce. Among the control strains, six showed moderate virulence; these belonged to the formae speciales raphani and conglutinans ; and two, belonging to the forma specialis matthioli (ATCC16602 and ATCC16603) were not pathogenic on lamb’s lettuce. In conclusion, analysis of the IGS sequences indicated that the isolates studied had different origins, and that phylogeny and pathogenicity were related; non-pathogenic isolates differed genetically from isolates that were poorly, moderately or highly virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the differences between formae speciales of F. oxysporum on lamb’s lettuce plants as determined by IGS sequence analysis.
PHASE-RESOLVED INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND PHOTOMETRY OF V1500 CYGNI, AND A SEARCH FOR SIMILAR OLD CLASSICAL NOVAE

We present phase-resolved near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the classical nova (CN) V1500 Cyg to explore whether cyclotron emission is present in this system. While the spectroscopy do not indicate the presence of discrete cyclotron harmonic emission, the light curves suggest that a sizable fraction of its near-infrared fluxes are due to this component. The light curves of V1500 Cyg appear to remain dominated by emission from the heated face of the secondary star in this system. We have used infrared spectroscopy and photometry to search for other potential magnetic systems among old CNe. We have found that the infrared light curves of V1974 Cyg superficially resemble those of V1500 Cyg, suggesting a highly irradiated companion. The old novae V446 Her and QV Vul have light curves with large amplitude variations like those seen in polars, suggesting they might have magnetic primaries. We extract photometry for 79 old novae from the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog and use those data to derive the mean, un-reddened infrared colors of quiescent novae. We also extract WISE data for these objects and find that 45 of them were detected. Surprisingly, a number of these systems were detected in the WISE 22 μm band. While two of those objects produced significant dust shells (V705 Cas and V445 Pup), the others did not. It appears that line emission from their ionized ejected shells is the most likely explanation for those detections.
Influence of IFNL 3 / 4 polymorphisms on the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after solid-organ transplantation

Background: Polymorphisms in the interferon-λ (IFNL) 3/4 region have been associated with reduced hepatitis C virus clearance. We explored the role of such polymorphisms on the incidence of CMV infection in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods: Caucasian patients participating in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study in 2008-2011 were included. A novel functional TT/-G polymorphism (rs368234815) in the CpG region upstream of IFNL3 was investigated. Results: A total of 840 SOT recipients at risk for CMV were included, among whom 373 (44%) received antiviral prophylaxis. The 12-months cumulative incidence of CMV replication and disease were 0.44 and 0.08, respectively. Patient homozygous for the minor rs368234815 allele (-G/-G) tended to have a higher cumulative incidence of CMV replication (SHR=1.30 [95%CI 0.97-1.74], P=0.07) compared to other patients (TT/TT or TT/-G). The association was significant among patients followed by a preemptive approach (SHR=1.46 [1.01-2.12], P=0.047), espe ially in patients receiving an organ from a seropositive donor (D+, SHR=1.92 [95%CI 1.30-2.85], P=0.001), but not among those who received antiviral prophylaxis at Fachbehsbibliothek on N ovem er 5, 2014 http://jidrdjournals.org/ D ow nladed from
Are some cultures less trusting than others

Nobel laureate Kenneth Arrow once described trust as a “lubricant of a social system”. Economic exchange, in particular, is virtually impossible without at least some level of trust. While markets, shops and online traders attempt to reduce uncertainty through customer reviews or free returns policies, consumers have to decide for themselves whether to trust unknown trading partners calling themselves obscure things such as Mae.B. O’Frawd_101 and pay for that secondhand phone, or not.
Voluntary Work‐Related Technology Use During Non‐Work Time: A Narrative Synthesis of Empirical Research and Research Agenda

The internet and mobilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have made non-manual work increasingly portable and remotely accessible. As a result, a considerable number of employees use their ICTs to engage in work-related tasks during designated non-work time, even without contractual obligation. However, existing research on such voluntary work-related ICT use remains fragmented and spread across disciplines. We conducted a narrative review of 56 studies to identify themes in existing research, synthesise the evidence base, as well as identify gaps in our understanding. We identify five themes, namely: (1) Social-normative organisational context, (2) Job-related characteristics and work processes, (3) Person characteristics, (4) Designated non-work time and well-being, and (5) Empowerment/Enslavement Paradox. A conceptual model of voluntary ICT use is developed by integrating the identified themes with existing organisational research, outlining the relationships between the identified themes and voluntary ICT use. In the discussion, we emphasise the need for more conceptual clarity on voluntary ICT use and related constructs, and for the integration of different disciplines and methodological approaches to advance knowledge in the field. We further identify person-centred research as critical future avenue to explore different ICT user types. Additionally, more research into the mechanisms and moderating influences regarding voluntary ICT use and its outcomes is considered advisable to advance our knowledge on the Empowerment/Enslavement Paradox and its potential resolution. We conclude with preliminary implications to inform practice, addressing the need for employers to provide control over voluntary ICT use, as well as employees enacting this control.
COLD DUST IN HOT REGIONS

We mapped five massive star-forming regions with the SCUBA-2 camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Temperature and column density maps are obtained from the SCUBA-2 450 and 850 μm images. Most of the dense clumps we find have central temperatures below 20 K, with some as cold as 8 K, suggesting that they have no internal heating due to the presence of embedded protostars. This is surprising, because at the high densities inferred from these images and at these low temperatures such clumps should be unstable, collapsing to form stars and generating internal heating. The column densities at the clump centers exceed 1023 cm−2, and the derived peak visual extinction values are from 25 to 500 mag for β = 1.5–2.5, indicating highly opaque centers. The observed cloud gas masses range from ∼10 to 103 M☉. The outer regions of the clumps follow an r−2.36 ± 0.35 density distribution, and this power-law structure is observed outside of typically 104 AU. All these findings suggest that these clumps are high-mass starless clumps and most likely contain high-mass starless cores.
Stock price volatility and fundamental value : evidence from Central and Eastern European countries

The paper deals with the problem of the discrepancy between fundamental values of shares in the stock market and their market prices. In particular it discusses the problem of the excessive volatility of stock prices compared with changes in their fundamental value determined as the present value of dividends paid by the company. The results of research on this issue for the US market initiated and popularized by Robert Shiller provided strong arguments against the hypothesis of capital market efficiency stating that stock prices immediately account for any new information affecting the fundamental value of assets. This problem has been studied neither for the Polish stock market nor for other post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper presents preliminary results of research into these stock markets.
Evaluation of the effect of distraction in the two groups of inflating the balloon and mother's armson the pain of venipuncture in children aged 3 -6

Children get irritable, restless and excited in response to pain. Most children predict the pain induced by injection and prevent it by non-conformist behavior associated with anxiety before injection. They usually spend a lot of time to accept the injection. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate of the effect of distraction in the two groups of inflating the balloon and mother's arms on the pain of venipuncture in children aged 6 -3. This study was conducted in a cross-sectional way.Sampling was performedin an available and random manner from all children admitted to the pediatric ward (44 patients) of Peymanieh hospital of Jahrom. Data tools consisted of three questionnaires: demographic questionnaire, the scale of pain behavioral study in children and numerical scale to assess pain. Information was conducted by descriptive statisticsindicators such as percentage and mean and paired T tests. Mann-Whitney test results showed that there was no significant difference between blowing up balloons group and mother’s arm groupin terms of the scale of pain behavioral study and numerical scale to assess pain(p-value> 0.05). Performing Distraction program reduces pain resulting from medical procedures in children.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE EGG-LAYING OF SALAMANDERS

The discovery that implants of the anterior lobe of the fresh pituitary gland will induce a normal egg-laying in a salamander several months before the usual season (Noble and Richards, 1930) has opened up the possibility of employing this technique in securing the previously undescribed eggs of other species. It has recently been emphasized (Noble, 1927) that the mode of life history of an amphibian often furnishes a valuable clue as to the relationships of the species. The pituitary technique, inducing a normal ovulation, should be of interest, therefore, not only to embryologists but to students of amphibian phylogeny who are able to secure the adults of the rarer species alive. With a view to securing data of phylogenetic interest we have induced several salamanders whose eggs were previously unknown to lay in the laboratory. Before describing the eggs of these species under separate headings, we have reported our preliminary experiments with Eurycea bislineata in some detail, because these experiments form the basis of our assuming that a normal egg-laying will follow the pituitary treatment.
Attitudes toward risk: Experimental measurement in rural india

Attitudes toward risk were measures in 240 households using two methods: an interview method eliciting certainty equivalents and an experimental gambling approach with real payoffs which, at their maximum, exceeded monthly incomes of unskilled laborers. The interview method is subject to interviewer bias and its results were totally inconsistent with the experimental measures of risk aversion. Experimental measures indicate that, at high payoff levels, virtually all individuals are moderately risk-averse with little variation according to personal characteristics. Wealth tends to reduce risk aversion slightly, but its effect is not statistically significant.