Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discourse Coherence in the Wild: A Dataset, Evaluation and Methods

To date there has been very little work on assessing discourse coherence methods on real-world data. To address this, we present a new corpus of real-world texts (GCDC) as well as the first large-scale evaluation of leading discourse coherence algorithms. We show that neural models, including two that we introduce here (SentAvg and ParSeq), tend to perform best. We analyze these performance differences and discuss patterns we observed in low coherence texts in four domains.
Inhibiting Janus Kinase 1 and BCL-2 to treat T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with IL7-Rα mutations

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. Current chemotherapy is quite toxic in growing children and more directed therapeutics are being sought. The IL-7R pathway is a major driver of ALL and here we evaluate two drugs directed to that pathway using a model of T cell ALL. Mutant gain-of-function IL-7Rα was transduced into an IL-7-dependent murine thymocyte line conferring ligand-independent survival and growth. JAK1 is associated with IL-7Rα and mediates signaling from the mutant receptor. In vitro, treating the transformed cell line with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib inhibited ligand-independent signaling and induced cell death. Transfer of the transformed cell line into mice resulted in aggressive leukemia and untreated mice succumbed in about three weeks. Treatment with ruxolitinib incorporated into chow showed a potent therapeutic benefit with reduction in leukemic burden and extension of survival. BCL-2 is an anti-apoptotic downstream mediator of the IL-7R survival mechanism. Venetoclax, an inhibitor of BCL-2, showed activity against the transformed cell line in vitro and could be combined with ruxolitinib in vivo. These findings support the therapeutic potential of treating T-ALL by targeting the IL-7R pathway.
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20): A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction A nonspecific symptom, fatigue accompanies a variety of diseases, including cancer, and can have a grave impact on patients' quality of life. As for multidimensional instruments, one of the most widely used is the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). This study aims to verify the reliability and validity of the MFI Korean (MFI-K) version. Materials and Method This study was performed at four university hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Among outpatients visiting the Department of Family Medicine, those complaining of fatigue or visiting a chronic care clinic were enrolled in this study. A total of 595 participants were included, and the mean age was 42.2 years. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the MFI-K was 0.88. The MFI-K had good convergent validity. Most subscales of the MFI-K were significantly correlated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). In particular, general and physical fatigue had the greatest correlation with the VAS and FSS. Although the English version of MFI had five subscales, the factor analysis led to four subscales in the Korean version. Conclusion This study demonstrated the clinical usefulness of MFI-K instrument, particularly in assessing the degree of fatigue and performing a multidimensional assessment of fatigue.
Kinds of participation: teacher and special education perceptions and practices of ‘inclusion’ in early childhood and primary school settings

This paper presents narratives from two parents about the exclusion of their disabled children within early childhood and primary school settings. Interpretations of particular ‘kinds of participation’ that appear to be accepted as inclusive are explored. We argue that these interpretations have disabling effects on the children's learning and participation. We critique participation that is interpreted as ‘presence’, ‘fitting in’, and ‘irrelevant or unimportant’. New Zealand curriculum documents [Ministry of Education. 1996. Te Whäriki: Early childhood curriculum. Te Whäriki matauranga mo nga mokopuna o Aotearoa. Wellington: Learning Media; Ministry of Education. 2007. The New Zealand curriculum. Wellington: Learning Media. ] are briefly considered with regard to their socio-cultural views of learning, teaching, and participation and their positioning of disabled learners. A ‘pedagogy of listening’ (POL), based on a critical, ethical, and political approach to learning and teaching, is presented as an alternative to deficit approaches to learning and participation [Dalhberg, G. , and P. Moss. 2005. Ethics and politics in early childhood education. London: Routledge; Rinaldi, C. 2006. In dialogue with Reggio Emilia: Listening, researching and responding. In Contesting early childhood series, eds G. Dalhberg and P. Moss. London: Routledge]. POL and narrative approaches to assessment are considered in relation to their implications for inclusive New Zealand pedagogy.
Pbx loss in cranial neural crest, unlike in epithelium, results in cleft palate only and a broader midface

Orofacial clefting represents the most common craniofacial birth defect. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is genetically distinct from cleft palate only (CPO). Numerous transcription factors (TFs) regulate normal development of the midface, comprising the premaxilla, maxilla and palatine bones, through control of basic cellular behaviors. Within the Pbx family of genes encoding Three Amino‐acid Loop Extension (TALE) homeodomain‐containing TFs, we previously established that in the mouse, Pbx1 plays a preeminent role in midfacial morphogenesis, and Pbx2 and Pbx3 execute collaborative functions in domains of coexpression. We also reported that Pbx1 loss from cephalic epithelial domains, on a Pbx2‐ or Pbx3‐deficient background, results in CL/P via disruption of a regulatory network that controls apoptosis at the seam of frontonasal and maxillary process fusion. Conversely, Pbx1 loss in cranial neural crest cell (CNCC)‐derived mesenchyme on a Pbx2‐deficient background results in CPO, a phenotype not yet characterized. In this study, we provide in‐depth analysis of PBX1 and PBX2 protein localization from early stages of midfacial morphogenesis throughout development of the secondary palate. We further establish CNCC‐specific roles of PBX TFs and describe the developmental abnormalities resulting from their loss in the murine embryonic secondary palate. Additionally, we compare and contrast the phenotypes arising from PBX1 loss in CNCC with those caused by its loss in the epithelium and show that CNCC‐specific Pbx1 deletion affects only later secondary palate morphogenesis. Moreover, CNCC mutants exhibit perturbed rostro‐caudal organization and broadening of the midfacial complex. Proliferation defects are pronounced in CNCC mutants at gestational day (E)12.5, suggesting altered proliferation of mutant palatal progenitor cells, consistent with roles of PBX factors in maintaining progenitor cell state. Although the craniofacial skeletal abnormalities in CNCC mutants do not result from overt patterning defects, osteogenesis is delayed, underscoring a critical role of PBX factors in CNCC morphogenesis and differentiation. Overall, the characterization of tissue‐specific Pbx loss‐of‐function mouse models with orofacial clefting establishes these strains as unique tools to further dissect the complexities of this congenital craniofacial malformation. This study closely links PBX TALE homeodomain proteins to the variation in maxillary shape and size that occurs in pathological settings and during evolution of midfacial morphology.
Einstein cosmological constant, the cell, and the intrinsic property of melanin to split and re-form the water molecule

The discovery of the intrinsic property of melanin to split and re-form the water molecule upended millenniums of scientific and religious wisdom. It is expected that most scientists refused to accept this theory for years, as has happened in the case of transcendent discoveries in the past, Copernicus, Galileo, and Magellan; for example.
Effects of Segmented Animated Graphics among Students of Different Spatial Ability Levels: A Cognitive Load Perspective.

This study investigated the effects of segmented animated graphics utilized to facilitate learning of electrolysis of aqueous solution. A total of 171 Secondary Four chemistry students with two different spatial ability levels were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions: (a) text with multiple static graphics (MSG), (b) text with continuous animated graphics (CAG) and (c) text with segmented animated graphics (SAG). Analysis of ANCOVA was conducted by using students’ pretest scores as a covariate. The results showed that the SAG is more effective than the CAG and the MSG for improving learning across all levels of spatial ability. Low spatial ability students using the SAG mode performed significantly better as compared to low spatial ability students using the CAG and the MSG mode. The SAG mode seemingly compensates for low spatial ability students’ insufficient visualization skills and limited cognitive capacities by offering them an external representation which simplifies information processing and saves valuable cognitive capacities for essential cognitive tasks.
Age‐related common miRNA polymorphism associated with severe toxicity in lung cancer patients treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy

Platinum‐based chemotherapy toxicity severely impedes successful treatment in lung cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRs) have a significant impact on the occurrence and survival rate of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between common miRNA variants and platinum‐based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients. A total of eight functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miRNA were genotyped in 408 lung cancer patients by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. All the patients were histologically confirmed as lung cancer, and were treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy for at least two cycles. It was found that the polymorphism rs2042553 of miR‐5197 had a significant association with overall severe toxicity in both additive (P=.031, odds ratio [OR]=1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03‐1.93) and dominant (P=.009, OR=1.80, 95% CI 1.16‐2.80) models. MiR‐605 rs2043556 was significantly related to severe hepatotoxicity in dominant model (P=.022, OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.12‐4.14). In addition, rs2910164 of miR‐146a had marginal statistical effect on severe hepatotoxicity in additive model (P=.054). The subgroup analyses showed that miR‐27a rs895819 was related to gastrointestinal toxicity in age >56 years old, smoking and non‐smoking patients. Taken together, our results revealed that polymorphisms of miR‐5197, miR‐605, miR‐146a, and miR‐27a contributed to the chemotherapy toxicity of lung cancer, which may serve as a predictive tool for toxicity evaluation of platinum‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.
Inter personal violence-related facial injuries: a 10-year survey

Introduction: Interpersonal violence (IPV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem affecting predominantly the face. Patients and methods: This study reports the characteristics of violence, victims and injuries in IPV-related facial injuries patients, in a 10-year survey, in a tertiary hospital of Burkina Faso. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 11 to 75 years (mean 31 years) and 58.2% of the patients were aged between 20 and 39 years. There were 74 males and females 24 giving a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. The circumstances of injuries were brawls (80.6%) consisting mostly in facial blows, and hold-ups (19.4%). Fractures involving predominantly the mandible or the zygomatic complex were the most common injury, accounting for 53.2%. Soft tissues injuries accounted for 37.2% and dental trauma for 9.2%. In 27.5% of the patients, extra facial injuries were encountered, dominated by cerebral trauma and limb fractures. Conclusion: In this study, IPV-related facial injuries are mostly mandibular or zygomatic fractures in young and males adults involved in brawls. These findings command strategies for prevention of violence in this specific group.
Differentiation between incomplete Kawasaki disease and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following Kawasaki disease using N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide

Purpose Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome with many causes, including Kawasaki disease (KD). The purpose of this study was to identify the laboratory tests needed to easily differentiate KD with HLH from incomplete KD alone. Methods We performed a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with incomplete KD and incomplete KD with HLH (HLH-KD) between January 2012 and March 2015. We compared 8 secondary HLH patients who were first diagnosed with incomplete KD with all 247 incomplete KD diagnosed patients during the study period. The complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet count, and serum total protein, albumin, triglyceride, C-reactive protein, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and ferritin levels were compared. Clinical characteristics and echocardiography findings were also compared between the 2 groups. Results The total duration of fever was longer in the HLH-KD group than in the KD group. White blood cell and platelet counts were higher in the KD group. Alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, and coronary artery diameter were increased in the HLH-KD group compared with those in the KD group. The median of NT-proBNP was significantly higher in the HLH-KD group than in the KD group at 889.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 384.5–1792.0) pg/mL vs. 233.0 (IQR, 107.0–544.0) pg/mL. Conclusion The NT-proBNP level may be helpful in distinguishing incomplete KD from KD with HLH. The NT-proBNP level should be determined in KD patients with prolonged fever, in addition to the white blood cell count, platelet count, and ferritin level, to evaluate secondary HLH.
Comorbidities in vitiligo: comprehensive review

Vitiligo is a common skin disorder characterized by idiopathic, progressive cutaneous hypomelanosis. Vitiligo is associated with several comorbid autoimmune, systemic, and dermatological diseases, primarily thyroid disease, alopecia areata, diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, ocular and audiological abnormalities, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. It is essential to increase awareness of these comorbidities in order to improve the disease burden and quality of life of patients with vitiligo. Herein, we review the association with the most frequent comorbidities associated with vitiligo.
Contextualizing Distributed Leadership Within Early Childhood Education

This article seeks to establish a new research agenda on distributed leadership by linking early childhood and school leadership research. It begins with a discussion of how distributed leadership is conceptualized, including a discussion of the main features and meanings of distributed leadership as defined by key scholars who have maintained a sustained interest in this topic. It explores theoretical bases underpinning leadership research that have adopted a distributed leadership framework in general and within early childhood education organizations in particular. By critiquing the application of learning derived from school-based research within early childhood settings, this article aims to engage readers across different education sectors to collaborate in reconceptualizing distributed leadership in the future.
Influence of learning strategy on response time during complex value-based learning and choice

Measurements of response time (RT) have long been used to infer neural processes underlying various cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, and decision making. However, it is currently unknown if RT is also informative about various stages of value-based choice, particularly how reward values are constructed. To investigate these questions, we analyzed the pattern of RT during a set of multi-dimensional learning and decision-making tasks that can prompt subjects to adopt different learning strategies. In our experiments, subjects could use reward feedback to directly learn reward values associated with possible choice options (object-based learning). Alternatively, they could learn reward values of options’ features (e.g. color, shape) and combine these values to estimate reward values for individual options (feature-based learning). We found that RT was slower when the difference between subjects’ estimates of reward probabilities for the two alternative objects on a given trial was smaller. Moreover, RT was overall faster when the preceding trial was rewarded or when the previously selected object was present. These effects, however, were mediated by an interaction between these factors such that subjects were faster when the previously selected object was present rather than absent but only after unrewarded trials. Finally, RT reflected the learning strategy (i.e. object-based or feature-based approach) adopted by the subject on a trial-by-trial basis, indicating an overall faster construction of reward value and/or value comparison during object-based learning. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the pattern of RT can be informative about how reward values are learned and constructed during complex value-based learning and decision making.
Microscopy Cell Segmentation Via Convolutional LSTM Networks

Live cell microscopy sequences exhibit complex spatial structures and complicated temporal behaviour, making their analysis a challenging task. Considering cell segmentation problem, which plays a significant role in the analysis, the spatial properties of the data can be captured using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Recent approaches show promising segmentation results using convolutional encoder-decoders such as the U-Net. Nevertheless, these methods are limited by their inability to incorporate temporal information, that can facilitate segmentation of individual touching cells or of cells that are partially visible. In order to exploit cell dynamics we propose a novel segmentation architecture which integrates Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (C-LSTM) with the U-Net. The network’s unique architecture allows it to capture multi-scale, compact, spatio-temporal encoding in the C-LSTMs memory units. The method was evaluated on the Cell Tracking Challenge and achieved state-of-the-art results (1st on Fluo-N2DH-SIM + and 2nd on DIC-C2DLHeLa datasets) The code is freely available at: https://github.com/arbellea/LSTM-UNet.git
Research Trend Visualization by MeSH Terms from PubMed

Motivation: PubMed is a primary source of biomedical information comprising search tool function and the biomedical literature from MEDLINE which is the US National Library of Medicine premier bibliographic database, life science journals and online books. Complimentary tools to PubMed have been developed to help the users search for literature and acquire knowledge. However, these tools are insufficient to overcome the difficulties of the users due to the proliferation of biomedical literature. A new method is needed for searching the knowledge in biomedical field. Methods: A new method is proposed in this study for visualizing the recent research trends based on the retrieved documents corresponding to a search query given by the user. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) are used as the primary analytical element. MeSH terms are extracted from the literature and the correlations between them are calculated. A MeSH network, called MeSH Net, is generated as the final result based on the Pathfinder Network algorithm. Results: A case study for the verification of proposed method was carried out on a research area defined by the search query (immunotherapy and cancer and “tumor microenvironment”). The MeSH Net generated by the method is in good agreement with the actual research activities in the research area (immunotherapy). Conclusion: A prototype application generating MeSH Net was developed. The application, which could be used as a “guide map for travelers”, allows the users to quickly and easily acquire the knowledge of research trends. Combination of PubMed and MeSH Net is expected to be an effective complementary system for the researchers in biomedical field experiencing difficulties with search and information analysis.
Manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in head and neck.

OBJECTIVES Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare autoimmune disease of the group of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. Involvement of the ear, nose and throat (ENT)-region is only described in a few case series and case reports. The objective of this study is to systematically characterise the ENT-involvement in a large series of GPA patients. METHODS GPA patients examined in the Department of Otorhinolayngology of the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel between 1990 and 2012 were included. Diagnosis was based on histological, serological and clinical parameters. GPA patients were examined in a standardised way based on the Ear Nose and Throat Activity Score (ENTAS) or its precursor. Medical history, ENT examination, diagnostic findings (ear, nose) and cranial radiology were documented cumulatively. RESULTS A total of 230 GPA patients were included in this study. Over 95% of them showed ENT-involvement. 59% of the patients showed nasal obstructions, 57% a loss of smell. A hearing loss was diagnosed in 23% of the patients, 50% involvement in MR or CT scans and 15% showed laryngeal involvement. CONCLUSIONS The data of the largest monocentric study presented here demonstrate a frequent ENT-involvement in GPA patients. Rhinological and ontological manifestations are most common.
G11.92−0.61-MM2: A BONAFIDE MASSIVE PRESTELLAR CORE?

Core accretion models of massive star formation require the existence of stable massive starless cores, but robust observational examples of such objects have proven elusive. We report subarcsecond-resolution Submillimeter Array (SMA) 1.3 mm, 1.1 mm, and 0.88 mm and Very Large Array 1.3 cm observations of an excellent massive starless core candidate, G11.92−0.61–MM2, initially identified in the course of studies of GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects (EGOs). Separated by ∼7. ″2 from the nearby MM1 protostellar hot core, MM2 is a strong, compact dust continuum source (submillimeter spectral index α = 2.6 ± 0.1), but is devoid of star formation indicators. In contrast to MM1, MM2 has no masers, no centimeter continuum, and no (sub)millimeter wavelength line emission in ∼24 GHz of bandwidth observed with the SMA, including N2H+(3–2), HCO+(3–2), and HCN(3–2). Additionally, there is no evidence for an outflow driven by MM2. The (sub)millimeter spectral energy distribution of MM2 is best fit with a dust temperature of ∼17–19 K and luminosity of ∼5–7 L☉. The combined physical properties of MM2, as inferred from its dust continuum emission, are extreme: M ≳ 30 M☉ within a radius <1000 AU, N>1025 cm−2 and >109 cm−3. Comparison of the molecular abundance limits derived from our SMA observations with gas-grain chemical models indicates that extremely dense (n(H) ≫ 108 cm−3), cold (<20 K) conditions are required to explain the lack of observed (sub)millimeter line emission, consistent with the dust continuum results. Our data suggest that G11.92−0.61–MM2 is the best candidate for a bonafide massive prestellar core found to date, and a promising target for future higher-sensitivity observations.