Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of 15 Quasars at z ≳ 6.5

Quasars are galaxies hosting accreting supermassive black holes; due to their brightness, they are unique probes of the early universe. To date, only a few quasars have been reported at (<800 Myr after the big bang). In this work, we present six additional quasars discovered using the Pan-STARRS1 survey. We use a sample of 15 quasars to perform a homogeneous and comprehensive analysis of this highest-redshift quasar population. We report four main results: (1) the majority of quasars show large blueshifts of the broad C iv λ1549 emission line compared to the systemic redshift of the quasars, with a median value ∼3× higher than a quasar sample at ; (2) we estimate the quasars’ black hole masses ( (0.3–5) × 109 M⊙) via modeling of the Mg ii λ2798 emission line and rest-frame UV continuum and find that quasars at high redshift accrete their material (with ) at a rate comparable to a luminosity-matched sample at lower redshift, albeit with significant scatter (0.4 dex); (3) we recover no evolution of the Fe ii/Mg ii abundance ratio with cosmic time; and (4) we derive near-zone sizes and, together with measurements for quasars from recent work, confirm a shallow evolution of the decreasing quasar near-zone sizes with redshift. Finally, we present new millimeter observations of the [C ii] 158 μm emission line and underlying dust continuum from NOEMA for four quasars and provide new accurate redshifts and [C ii]/infrared luminosity estimates. The analysis presented here shows the large range of properties of the most distant quasars.
WORKING PAPER #510 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SECTION PRINCETON UNIVERSITY APRIL 2006 IS CRIME CONTAGIOUS?

Understanding whether criminal behavior is “contagious” is important for law enforcement and for policies that affect how people are sorted across social settings. We test the hypothesis that criminal behavior is contagious by using data from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized housing-mobility experiment to examine the extent to which lower local-area crime rates decrease arrest rates among individuals. Our analysis exploits the fact that the effect of treatment group assignment yields different types of neighborhood changes across the five MTO demonstration sites. We use treatment-site interactions to instrument for measures of neighborhood crime rates, poverty and racial segregation in our analysis of individual arrest outcomes. We are unable to detect evidence in support of the contagion hypothesis. Neighborhood racial segregation appears to be the most important explanation for acrossneighborhood variation in arrests for violent crimes in our sample, perhaps because drug market activity is more common in high-minority neighborhoods.
Adaptive vs. eductive learning : Theory and evidence

Adaptive learning and eductive learning are two widely used ways of modeling learning behavior in macroeconomics. Both approaches yield restrictions on model parameters under which agents are able to learn a rational expectation equilibrium (REE) but these restrictions do not always overlap with one another. In this paper we report on an experiment where we exploit such differences in stability conditions under adaptive and eductive learning to investigate which learning approach provides a better description of the learning behavior of human subjects. Our results suggest that adaptive learning is a better predictor of whether a system converges to REE, while the path by which the system converges appears to be a mixture of both adaptive and eductive learning model predictions.
Characterisation of some South African water treatment residues and implications for land application

Land application of water treatment residue (WTR) the by-product from the production of potable water, is becoming the preferred method of disposal, as there are environmental concerns and increasingly high costs associated with other disposal options. However, before WTR can be applied to land, consideration needs to be given to their chemical and physical characteristics to determine potential impacts. Six WTR samples were obtained from five South African water treatment facilities (Faure Water Treatment Plant (two samples), Rand Water, Umgeni Water, Amatola Water and Midvaal Water Company). The Rand Water WTR was a CaO, FeCl3, long-chain organic polymer (LCP) residue with activated silica and CO2 being added. The Umgeni and Amatola Water WTRs were lime and LCP residues. The Midvaal Water WTR was an Al2(SO4)3.nH20, FeCl3, lime and LCP residue and the Faure WTRs were Fe2(SO4)3, activated charcoal, lime and LCP residues. These WTR samples were analysed for some physical (particle size distribution, particle density and plant available water) and chemical attributes (pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate equivalence, exchangeable acidity, extractable bases and metal cations, total and plant available nutrients, total elemental analysis and metal fractionation) and mineralogical properties, and their potential for application to land considered. The WTRs tended to be neutral to alkaline in pH, with low electrical conductivity. Generally, amounts of N, P and K were low, but some of the WTRs showed potential to supply other plant nutrients (Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Cu and Fe). Their physical characteristics were variable, showing a wide range in particle size distribution as well as plant available water. Heavy metal concentrations tended to be low, but Mn was elevated in some WTRs, especially in the Faure WTRs, which may lead to plant growth problems. Land application of these WTRs appears to be a feasible disposal option, but currently they are regulated by the ‘minimum requirements for disposal of hazardous waste\'. Delisting would firstly be required for land application and if then permitted by legislation, the application rates would need to be based on existing soil conditions, the characteristics of a particular WTR, and the proposed land use. Water SA Vol.31 (3) 2005: pp.299-308
Online consumers reviews: Examining the moderating effects of product type and product popularity on the review impact on sales

Abstract This paper aims to study the role product category plays as a moderating factor in online reviews, by introducing a novel method for product category classification using natural language processing (NLP). The study includes a wide variety of categories, based on a high number of products and number of reviews. The data-set presented includes 1.1 million unique reviews from 4,600 products in 30 different product categories. We find evidence for reviews having an effect on sales, and that this effect interacts with other factors, most notably the product category as well as product popularity. We find that subjectively evaluated products, as well as less popular products see the largest relative effect of WOM. This paper also reveals some evidence of rating biases as 60% of the 1.1 million reviews in our data-set show signs of bimodality. Based on the results we present “the review impact continuum”, a model mapping degree of subjectivity and product popularity enabling managers to assess the expected impact of online consumer reviews for their products.
Frac Sand Crushing Characteristics and Morphology Changes under High Compressive Stress and Implications for Sand Pack Permeability

Sand consisting of round quartz grains is widely used as a proppant during hydraulic fracturing to produce natural gas from tight shale formations. This paper presents results from sand characterization and crushing tests on Jordan Formation frac sand. It includes an assessment of grain-size reduction, changes in particle shape, and reduction in void ratio. It also examines the implications for permeability reduction through a sand pack caused by the closure stress on a hydraulic fracture. The sand from two size ranges (0.6 to 0.71 mm and 0.5 to 0.6 mm) was tested dry under applied compressive stresses of up to 40 MPa in a crushing cup. The overall sand pack stress–strain response becomes softer as grains are crushed. The particle shape shifts from nearly spherical grains to diametrically split grains and then to small elongated and angular fragments for the smaller particle sizes. The permeability of the sand pack reduces by more than 40% at a 20 MPa stress, which is mainly caused by a decrease in void r.
Performance and Stock Return in Australian Banking

This paper examines the relationship between the total shareholder return (TSR) and performance of Australian banks over the period 2001-2010. In particular, it investigates whether returns of banks in the stock market can be explained by changes in their performance. First, we use a weighted financial ratio-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to estimate the performance of banks. We then regress changes in performance against the total shareholder returns to investigate their relationship. The results indicate that changes in performance are reflected in TSR. That is, well-performed banks tend to generate more return for their stockholders.
Current status of truffle cultivation: recent results and future perspectives

In this review the current status of truffle cultivation in Europe and outside Europe is reported. While the cultivation of Tuber melanosporum (Perigord black truffle), Tuber aestivum (summer or Burgundy truffle) and Tuber borchii (bianchetto truffle) gave good results, only the Italian white truffle (Tuber magnatum), which is the most expensive, has yet to be successfully cultivated. In future a revolutionary approach to truffle cultivation would be the application of mycelial inoculation techniques for producing Tuber infected plants which will allow to select the fungal strains adapted to specific climatic, edaphic conditions and hosts. The new insights which will be gained by the extensive Tuber genome sequencing programme will also help to improve truffle cultivation techniques.
Intervenções de Enfermagem Individualizadas: Uma Revisão da Literatura Individualised Nursing Interventions: A Literature Review

The literature shows us that individualised nursing interventions are in need of in depth research in order to better describe interventions and their respective outcomes. This review sought to identify the interventions that positively affect adults (≥ 45 years) in different contexts. Full-text articles in CINAHL and MEDLINE databases published between 2005 and 2013 were identified. After a two-stage retrieval process of 764 articles, eighteen were selected. Their analysis identified: programmed supportive educational interventions, monitoring, and hand massage as the highest valued. The following patient-perceived outcomes were identified: feeling accepted; feeling respected and supported; elevated ability of self-care; and a decreased informal caregivers’ burden. Documentation of individualised interventions and their outcomes will increase the visibility of high-quality nursing practice. Health care teams should then recognise the professional value of individualised care, and better prioritise interventions.
Macroeconomic Variables, Volatility and Stock Market Returns: A Case of Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

This study sought to evaluate the relationship between Gross Domestic Product, Treasury bill rate, exchange rate, inflation and stock market return in Nairobi Securities Exchange Limited. The study determined the response of the stock returns to a shock in each of the macroeconomic variables. The effect of changes in each of the macroeconomic variable on the volatility of stock returns in Nairobi Securities exchange limited was also determined. Engle-Granger two step method was used to establish the co integrating relationship between stock returns and the macroeconomic variables. Threshold Genaralized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (TGARCH) model was used to capture the leverage effects and volatility persistence at the NSE. Published time series quarterly data from 2000 to 2012 was sourced from the Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Empirical results of the regression model revealed that exchange rate showed a significant relationship with stock returns. For a one percentage increase in depreciation of a domestic currency, the model predicted stock returns to decrease by 1.4 percent. Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and the Treasury bill rate indicated insignificant relationships. The effects of one standard deviation shock on each of the macroeconomic variable on stock returns revealed that shock in exchange rate was negative but eventually reverted back to equilibrium thereafter. The results of the TGARCH model for exchange rate, Gross Domestic Product and Treasury bill rate revealed that the impact of news was asymmetric and there was presence of leverage effects. There was absence of volatility persistence among all the macroeconomic variables.
Mothering fathers: changes in sight?

Hoy los hombres interactuan mas con sus hijos y con su entorno familiar en comparacion con decadas pasadas. Los hombres estan redefiniendo su identidad y sus funciones, cuestionando las restricciones sociales. Sobre la base de algunos estudios de la antropologia, la sociologia y la psicologia llevados a cabo en las ultimas decadas, especialmente en America Latina, la relacion entre padre e hijo es enfocada en este articulo. Con el fin de reflexionar sobre los posibles efectos de los padres maternales a la siguiente generacion este estudio trata de poner de relieve la importancia en la relacion padre-hijo, en la construccion de la identidad de genero masculino y para discutir las asimetrias en la distribucion de la atencion de los padres, para identificar los elementos que contribuyen para diferentes supuestos sobre la paternidad, la evaluacion de la brecha de genero entre hombres y mujeres en el cuidado de los ninos
A study of meiosis and spermiogenesis in the testicular lobes of Antiteuchus tripterus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

An analysis of testicular morphology and spermatogenesis in the Heteroptera species Antiteuchus tripterus (Pentatomidae) revealed that these traits differ from that recorded for other species of the same family. The testes of A. tripterus have only six lobes, while other species of the same family typically have seven lobes, including a compound lobe, i.e., a lobe containing another in its lumen. A study of meiosis and sperm structure in the different lobes of A. tripterus revealed a conventional meiosis in the lobes num- bered one to three. In lobe four, however, prophase I spermatocytes exhibit the morphological characteristics of the so called "dif- fuse" stage and are larger than those in lobes 1-3 in this and the remaining phases of meiosis. Thus, the resulting spermatids are not only larger but also their head is morphologically different. Lobe 5 exhibits characteristics known from other Pentatomidae species such as an uneven distribution of chromatin to the daughter cells, which give rise to cells of different sizes. This lobe forms sper- matozoa of different sizes. Lobe 6, contained within lobe 5, differs from it by having larger cells at a stage similar to the so called "diffuse" and spermatid tails with cross divisions, which are not found in other lobes and unreported in the literature.
The Development of Children's Knowledge of Self-Control Strategies

MISCHEL, HABBIET NERLOVE, and MISCHEL, WALTER The Devdopment of Children's Knowledge of Sdf-Contrd Strategies Cmu) DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 603-619 2 studies traced the development of metacognibons about self-control m chddren through grade 6 The results indicated that chddren hegin to understand 2 basic rules for effecbve delay of gratificabon hy about the end of their fifUi year cover rather than expose the rewards, and engage in taskonented rather than in ccmsummatory ideation whde waiting By grade 6, chddren significantly indicated that abstract ideation would help delay more than coosummatoiy ideation. In the delay paradigm, young 4-yaar-olds seem to create self-defeatmg ddemmas for themselves hy choosmg (or even creatmg) a temptmg environment without adequately anbcipabng that they wdl he unable to execute strategies to overcome the temptation tliis preference for the delaydefeatmg strategy (exposme the rewards) waned toward the end of the fourth year and was rq>laced by a growmg preference for the delay-facditatmg strategy (covenng the rewards) l^eoretical reasons for this developmental course were discussed
The decision rule in probabilistic categorization: What it is and how it is learned.

A numerical decision task, meant to be a numerical analogue of signal detection, was employed to investigate the nature of the decision rule used for probabilistic categorization. Two conditions were compared, with 12 paid volunteers participating in six 1-hr sessions in Condition 1 and 12 participating in three 1-hr sessions in Condition 2. In both conditions, one of two distributions of five-digit numbers was sampled on each trial (400 trials per session), and the research participant was to decide which distribution was sampled. Specifically, the participant was told that each stimulus represented the height of a person from an artificial population, and the participant was to decide whether that height belonged to a man or a woman. The stimulus distributions were normal and equal in variance; their means were one standard deviation apart. In Condition 1 the participants were free to adopt whatever decision procedure they preferred, including a probabilistic strategy. In contrast, in Condition 2 the participants were forced to adopt a cutoff rule: They reported a five-digit cutoff number before each trial. On each trial, participants were forced to produce a response consistent with the reported cutoff number—that is, the response had to be man if the stimulus number was larger than the reported cutoff and woman if it was smaller. For both conditions, the numbers of deviations from the best fitting staticcutoff rule were computed for each block of SO trials. Although the deviations were found to be significantly more numerous in Condition 1 than in Condition 2, in Condition 1 the numbers of deviations were much closer to those in Condition 2 than to the number of deviations predicted from the best available probabilistic model (Schoeffler, 1965). Furthermore, Conditions 1 and 2 were very similar with respect to other characteristics, such as the effects of practice and the locations of the best fitting static-cutoff point. Sequential analyses of the reported cutoff numbers in Condition 2 revealed that participants did not always shift their cutoffs in the direction predicted by additive-operator models and that, contrary to the predictions of these models, the probabilities and amounts of cutoff shift were not stationary over sessions. In contrast to the additiveoperator models, a new dynamic-cutoff model describing the behavior of an ideal learner was able to account for some of these features of the data, but additional analyses ruled out this model as well. These results led to the following conclusions: (a) In a numerical decision task a dynamic-cutoff rule is a good first approximation to the decision rule adopted by individuals, (b) The only dynamic-cutoff models previously available in the literature—the additive-operator models—are inadequate, (c) A new dynamic-cutoff model—the ideal-learner model—is also inadequate, (d) Individuals tend to shift their cutoffs in the normatively prescribed direction after errors, but tend to shift their cutoffs randomly after correct responses.
Determinants of hypoxemia in children associated with pneumonia

Background and Objectives: The most severe manifestation of pneumonia is hypoxemia has been shown to be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Authors investigated associating factors and determinants of hypoxemia in children with pneumonia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study is designed among children of pediatric outpatient and emergency department that enrolled at Government Multi-Speciality Hospital, Chandigarh. One hundred fifty children recruited for study. The demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter. Results: The prevalence of hypoxemia was 48% and 61 (84.7%) infants aged 1 year found with hypoxemia. Age (p=0.006), respiratory rate (p=0.001) and severity of pneumonia (p=0.001) were strongly associated with hypoxemia. The prevalence of severe and very severe pneumonia among hypoxemic were 56.1% and 73.7% respectively. Central cyanosis (98.7%), peripheral (98.7%) cyanosis, head nodding (97.4%) grunting (96.15%) were highly specific but suprasternal (62.82%), subcostal (43.58%) and intercostal retractions (44.87%) were fairly specific sign. Sensitivity for subcostal (81.94%) and intercostal retractions (83.33%) was very high but was fair for intercostal (83.33%) retraction. Grunting (p=0.009), nasal flaring (p=0.008), subcostal (p=0.001) and intercostal (p=0.000) retractions were strongly but suprasternal retraction was significantly (p=0.024) associated with hypoxemia. Dyspnea (97.22%) was very sensitive while decrease feeding (84.61%) and irritability (83.33%) was highly but lethargy (58.97%) was fairly specific symptom. Conclusions: Study suggested that clinical signs and symptoms such as chest wall retraction, decrease feeding, dyspnea, grunting and nasal flaring in children with pneumonia may be utilized as markers for hypoxemia in conditions where pulse-oximeter isn’t available. This study supports the view of hypoxemia was disabling factor in better functional recovery in severity of pneumonia. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 64-70
GENERATED L-SUBGROUP OF AN L-GROUP

In this paper, we extend the construction of a fuzzy subgroup generated by a fuzzy subset to L-setting. This construction is illustrated by an example. We also prove that for an L-subset of a group, the subgroup generated by its level subset is the level subset of the subgroup generated by that L-subset provided the given L-subset possesses sup-property.
An analysis of associations between human resources practices, affective commitment, exhaustion and cynicism of temportary workers

2 Introduction . 3 Literature Review and Hypotheses . 6 Methods . 9 Sample . 9 Measures . 10 Results . 11 Descriptive Statistics . 11 Regression analysis . 12 Discussion . 17 Limitations . 20 Practical implications . 21 References . 23
Estimating the Characteristic Vertical Response of a Flexible Footbridge Due to Crowd Loading

The issue of excessive vibration of footbridges due to pedestrian loading is now well documented. Bridge vibrations produced from a crowd of pedestrians have been estimated by modifying the effect caused by a single pedestrian by an enhancement factor to take crowd synchronization into account. In this paper this approach is extended to account for the fact that all pedestrians will not have the same pacing frequencies, and the effects of distributions of pacing frequency and other parameters on the enhancement factor are investigated. It is shown that this more faithful representation of pedestrian crowd walking behaviour gives reduced vibration response compared to the fully homogenous crowd case. Based on these results, enhancement factors for predicting the response due to a crowd from the predicted accelerations of a single pedestrian are proposed. Further, the results are compared with published test results to indicate that the model is reasonable.