Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of blood loss to worm numbers, biomass and egg production in Haemonchus infected sheep.

Chromium51 labelled erythrocytes were used to measure blood loss in sheep infected with either H. contortus, H. placei or the F1 of their reciprocal cross hybrids (H. contortus males x H. placei females = CXP, H. placei males x H. contortus females = PXC). CXP consisted of sterile males and semi-sterile females and sheep infected with this hybrid had nil egg counts; while PXC consisted of semi-sterile males and females and their hosts had some eggs in their faeces. Immediately after their blood loss was estimated the sheep were killed and their worms counted. One hundred male and 100 female worms from each sheep were dried at 60 degrees C overnight and then weighed to give an estimate of the biomass in each infection. Total daily egg production was calculated from egg counts made on 3 random 2 g samples from the 24 h faecal collection. The relationship of the log blood loss to log worm number, to log biomass of infection in each sheep and to log total egg production in the parental species was linear. Biomass was no better an estimator of blood loss than was worm number. There was no improvement in the estimation of blood loss by regressing the male and female worms separately. In all of the analyses, there was no improvement by regressing H. contortus and H. placei or their hybrids separately. It appeared that egg production was not a major factor in the requirement for blood by Haemonchus. The size of individual female worms was negatively correlated with the number of worms in the infection. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transcription of a Productively Rearranged Ig VDJCα Does Not Require the Presence of HS4 in the Igh 3′ Regulatory Region1

V gene assembly, class switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation are gene-modifying processes essential to the development of an effective Ab response. If inappropriately applied, however, these processes can mediate genetic changes that lead to disease (e.g., lymphoma). A series of control elements within the Ig H chain (Igh) locus has been implicated in regulating these processes as well as in regulating IgH gene transcription. These include the intronic enhancer (Eμ) and several elements at the 3′ end of the locus (hs1,2, hs3a, hs3b, and hs4) known collectively as the 3′ regulatory region. Although it is clear that the Eμ plays a unique role in V gene assembly, it has not been established whether there are unique functions for each element within the 3′ regulatory region. In earlier studies in mice and in mouse cell lines, pairwise deletion of hs3b and hs4 had a dramatic effect on both class switch recombination and IgH gene transcription; deletion of an element almost identical with hs3b (hs3a), however, yielded no discernible phenotype. To test the resulting hypothesis that hs4 is uniquely required for these processes, we induced the deletion of hs4 within a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene designed to closely approximate the 3′ end of the natural Igh locus. When introduced into an Ig-secreting cell line, an Igα transcription unit within the bacterial artificial chromosome was expressed efficiently and the subsequent deletion of hs4 only moderately affected Igα expression. Thus, hs4 does not play a uniquely essential role in the transcription of a productively rearranged Ig VDJCα transcription unit.
'GECO's Weather Forecast' for the U.K. Housing Market: To What Extent Can We Rely on Google ECOnometrics?

This study follows the stream of research identifying sentiment trends by using online search query data. The potential of the Google data series for the U.K. housing market on a disaggregated level is analyzed in a panel VAR framework. The findings confirm existing research based on U.S. samples that Google subcategories, especially "Real Estate Agency", serve as a robust indicator of transaction volume. Beside investigating how to deal with Google series in general and with heterogeneous cross sections specifically, the main contribution of this study to existing research is the detection of contrary dynamics within the Google "Home Financing" sub-category, which to date yields empirically mixed evidence (Hohenstatt, Kaesbauer and Schaefers, 2011). As expected from existing literature, sensitivity analysis yields that transaction volume responds twice as sensitively as house prices due to a standard deviation increase of the stress indicator. Most importantly, the derived stress indicator of housing market (un-)soundness works at least as well as in downturns, as opposed to "Real Estate Agency", which is primarily a suitable indicator during upturns.
Effects of exercise training on energy balance of ovariectomized rats.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate both the respective and interactive roles of exercise training and ovarian hormones on the regulation of energy balance. Female rats were divided into sedentary and exercise-trained groups. Each group thus formed was further divided into a sham-operated group, an ovariectomized group, or ovariectomized estradiol-treated group. Rats were exercise trained on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. After 33 days of treatment, rats were killed and the energy contents of carcasses, feces, and food were determined. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis was assessed through mitochondrial GDP binding. The results show that ovariectomy led to increases in food intake, body weight, and protein gains, whereas estradiol treatment abolished these effects. The results also show that exercise training reduced fat gain. Exercise training interacted with ovariectomy on energy gain; in sedentary rats ovariectomy enhanced the energy gain, an effect that disappeared in exercise-trained rats. However, exercise training was found to alter neither body weight and protein gains nor energy intake. Ovariectomy did not affect energy expenditure when the results are expressed in relative terms (kJ.kg body wt-0.67.day-1). Similarly, exercise training did not modify energy expenditure (kJ.kg body wt-0.67.day-1) once the cost of the training program was subtracted. BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was not affected by any of the experimental treatments. The present results therefore suggest that neither ovariectomy nor exercise training affect energy expenditure through regulatory forms of BAT-mediated thermogenesis.
WNN-LQE: Wavelet-Neural-Network-Based Link Quality Estimation for Smart Grid WSNs

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are currently being used for monitoring and control in smart grids. To ensure the quality of service (QoS) requirements of smart grid applications, WSNs need to provide specific reliability guarantees. Real-time link quality estimation (LQE) is essential for improving the reliability of WSN protocols. However, many state-of-the-art LQE methods produce numerical estimates that are suitable neither for describing the dynamic random features of radio links nor for determining whether the reliability satisfies the requirements of smart grid communication standards. This paper proposes a wavelet-neural-network-based LQE (WNN-LQE) algorithm that closes the gap between the QoS requirements of smart grids and the features of radio links by estimating the probability-guaranteed limits on the packet reception ratio (PRR). In our algorithm, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used as the link quality metric. The SNR is approximately decomposed into two components: a time-varying nonlinear part and a non-stationary random part. Each component is separately processed before it is input into the WNN model. The probability-guaranteed limits on the SNR are obtained from the WNN-LQE algorithm and are then transformed into estimated limits on the PRR via the mapping function between the SNR and PRR. Comparative experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed LQE algorithm.
Biomaterial Gelatin Film Based Crossbar Structure Resistive Switching Devices

Crossbar structural resistive switching devices (memristors) are fabricated using biomaterial gelatin film as the dielectric layer. The performance of the devices and the effects of gelatin film thickness and baking temperature are investigated. Results show that the optimal gelatin film thickness for the memristors is ∼80 nm and baking temperature is ∼105 °C. The optimized memristors show a bipolar resistive switching behavior with the resistance ratio between the high-resistance state and low-resistance state over 102, the retention time over 106 s without any obvious deterioration, and excellent stability and reliability, demonstrating its good potential for applications. A conductive atomic force microscopy is used to study the conductivity of the gelatin films under various biases, and the results indicate that the conductive filaments are responsible for the resistive switching behavior of the gelatin-based memristors.
Aceruloplasminaemia: a disorder of diabetes and neurodegeneration

Aceruloplasminaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism which is characterised by diabetes, neurodegeneration and anaemia. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult onset, antibody‐negative diabetes associated with persistent mild anaemia and hyperferritinaemia and/or progressive neuropsychiatric impairments.
Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Times of Crisis: A New Keynesian Perspective in Continuous Time

To analyse the interdependence between monetary and fiscal policy during a financial crisis, we develop an open-economy DSGE model with monetary and fiscal policy as well as financial markets in a continuous-time framework based on stochastic differential equations. Monetary policy is modelled using both a standard and a modified Taylor rule and fiscal policy is modelled as either expansionary or austere. In addition, we differentiate between open economies and monetary union members. We find evidence that the modified Taylor rule notably reduces the likelihood that the financial market crisis affects the real economy. But if we assume that households are averse with respect to outstanding government debt, we find that a combination of expansionary monetary policy and austere fiscal policy provides better stabilisation of both domestic and foreign economies in terms of both output and inflation. In the case of a monetary union, we find that stabilisation of output in the country where the financial shock originates is no longer as easy and, in terms of prices, there is now deflation in the country where the crisis originated and a positive inflation rate in the other country.
CYP3A4 and pregnane X receptor humanized mice

Marked species differences exist in P450 expression and activities. In order to produce mouse models that can be used to more accurately predict human drug and carcinogen metabolism, P450‐ and xenobiotic receptor humanized mice are being prepared using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) and P1 phage artificial chromosomes (PAC) genomic clones. In some cases, transgenic mice carrying the human genes are bred with null‐mice to produce fully humanized mice. Mice expressing human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A7 were generated and characterized. Studies with the CYP3A4‐humanized (hCYP3A4) mouse line revealed new information on the physiological function of this P450 and its role in drug metabolism in vivo. With this mouse line, CYP3A4, under certain circumstances, was found to alter the serum levels of estrogen resulting in deficient lactation and low pup survival as a result of underdeveloped mammary glands. This hCYP3A4 mouse established the importance of intestinal CYP3A4 in the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs. The hCYP3A4 mice were also used to establish the mechanisms of potential gender differences in CYP3A4 expression (adult female > adult male) that could account for human gender differences in drug metabolism and response. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is also involved in induction of drug metabolism through its target genes including CYP3A4. Since species differences exist in ligand specificity between human and mice, a PXR‐humanized mouse (hPXR) was produced that responds to human PXR activators such as rifampicin but does not respond to the rodent activator pregnenalone 16α‐carbonitrile. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:158–162, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20173
Associations of preexisting depression and anxiety with hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of hospitalization and death in relation to preexisting depression and anxiety among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS The cohort consisted of 799 Olmsted County, MN, residents diagnosed with CVD (myocardial infarction or heart failure) from January 1, 1979, to December 31, 2009, who completed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) prior to their event. The MMPI was used to identify depression and anxiety, and participants were followed up for hospitalizations and death during an average of 6.2 years. RESULTS Depression and anxiety were identified in 282 (35%) and 210 (26%) participants, respectively. After adjustment, depression and anxiety were independently associated with a 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%-51%) and 26% (95% CI, 3%-53%) increased risk of being hospitalized, respectively. Depression also conferred an increased risk of all-cause mortality of similar magnitude, whereas the hazard ratio for anxiety was not statistically significant. The combined occurrence of depression and anxiety led to a 35% (95% CI, 8%-71%) increase in the risk of hospitalizations. CONCLUSION Among patients with CVD, both preexisting depression and anxiety, occurring on average 17 years before the CVD event, independently predict hospitalizations. In addition, the 2 conditions may act synergistically on increasing health care utilization in patients with CVD.
Blood Pressure, Volume, and Sodium Control in an Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Population

Objectives To examine the control of blood pressure and volume, and the role of sodium removal in a single, large, contemporary, automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) population where icodextrin is used liberally and there is a policy to avoid long duration glucose-based daytime dwells. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Setting A university hospital. Patients 56 APD patients, with a mean duration on peritoneal dialysis of 1.9 years; 50% were prescribed icodextrin. Main Outcome Measures Blood pressure, extracellular water volume (ECW)-to-intracellular water volume (ICW) ratio, and total (peritoneal and urinary) sodium removal. Results Sodium Removal: Mean total sodium removal, while low at 102.9 ± 64.6 mmol/day, showed a wide range, with 41% having a sodium removal of >120 mmol/day. Total sodium removal correlated with total body water, ECW, and ICW (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.025, respectively), as well as with height and weight (p < 0.06, p < 0.01 respectively). On multivariate analysis, only ultra-filtration volume and urine volume were significantly associated with total sodium removal (r2 = 0.67, p < 0.0001 for both). There was also a correlation between sodium removal and urea nitrogen appearance (r2 = 0.31, p < 0.001), with urea nitrogen appearance in turn being closely correlated with ICW (p < 0.001). Volume Status: The ECW/ICW ratio was 0.88 ± 0.17, which was not significantly different to that found in hemodialysis patients without clinical evidence of fluid overload, either predialysis (0.96 ± 0.16) or postdialysis (0.92 ± 0.16); p = 0.07 and 0.36 respectively. Blood Pressure: Mean ± standard deviation systolic blood pressure (BP) was 111.9 ± 18.2 mmHg and diastolic BP was 63.3 ± 11.9 mmHg, with only 4 (7%) patients having a systolic BP > 140 mmHg and 1 (2%) having a diastolic BP > 80 mmHg. Median number of antihypertensives was 1 per day. Blood pressure control and ECW/ICW ratio were similar in those with sodium removal >120 mmol/day compared to those with sodium removal ≤120 mmol/day (p = 0.39 for SBP, p = 0.70 for diastolic B P, p = 0.24 for ECW/ICW). Conclusions We have shown that good blood pressure and volume control is achievable in a large contemporary APD population with liberal use of icodextrin and avoidance of long daytime glucose-based dwells. Neither low nor high sodium removal was associated with more frequent hypertension or volume expansion.
Nebulised antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis: a meta-analysis of benefits and risks.

BACKGROUND: To establish the benefits and risks of nebulised antipseudomonal therapy in cystic fibrosis the results of relevant randomised controlled trials were combined. METHODS: The therapeutic end points compared were (a) number of pulmonary exacerbations requiring treatment with systemic antibiotics, (b) measurable alteration in respiratory tract pseudomonal load, (c) alteration in lung function on spirometric assessment, (d) development of resistance in respiratory tract Pseudomonas strains to the nebulised antipseudomonal used in each randomised controlled trial, and (e) renal and auditory impairment. RESULTS: Five studies were suitable for meta-analysis, eight others could not be included because of inadequate outcome description or the lack of appropriate randomisation. Meta-analysis shows benefit for nebulised antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy with no demonstrable adverse effect other than a possible increase in in vitro antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS: Although inferences drawn from individual randomised controlled trials concerning the benefits and risks of this form of therapy are conflicting, pooled effect size establishes benefit with nebulised antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy and emphasises its relevance to the integration of information in other areas of controversy relating to the treatment of this disease.
Student Perception of Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) as Media to Support Teaching and Learning Activities at the University of Indonesia

Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) is a Learning Management System (LMS) owned and used by the University of Indonesia that functions as an extension or even substitute for a real class environment. This study aims to determine student perceptions of SCeLE as a medium to support teaching and learning activities at the University of Indonesia. The method used in this research is quantitative research methods by distributing questionnaires to 125 respondents. The data processing technique used is a structural equation model that is processed with SmartPLS software against the UTAUT Model. The results of the analysis obtained findings that Performance Expectation, Effort Expectation, and Social Influence have a significant effect on Intention Behavior using SCeLE, while Facilitating Condition has no effect on Intention Behavior; and Intention Behavior has a significant effect on Use Behavior from using SCeLE. The implication of this finding is that the university should make improvements to SCeLE, especially in terms of facility conditions that support its use. This is needed so that the use of SCeLE can be used optimally to support teaching and learning activities for both students and teaching staff.
Predictors of Treatment Utilization in Major Depression

Suicide attempters with major depression are at risk for repeat attempts and often do not utilize treatment. Identifying predictors of treatment non-utilization could inform interventions to motivate treatment use and reduce suicide risk in major depression. Two hundred and seventy three participants with a major depressive episode as part of a major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, were assessed for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline and again 1 year later to identify predictors of treatment utilization. Treatment utilization rate was high 1 year after initial evaluation (72.5%). Severity of baseline depression, baseline treatment status, and education were associated with treatment utilization at 1 year. Interventions focused on increasing knowledge about depression and treatment efficacy may improve treatment adherence when treating depression.
Liver transplantation for children with biliary atresia in the pediatric end‐stage liver disease era: The role of insurance status

Socioeconomic status influences health outcomes, although its impact on liver transplantation (LT) in children with biliary atresia (BA) is unknown. We hypothesized that governmental insurance [public insurance (PU)], rather than private insurance (PR), would be associated with poorer outcomes for children with BA. Children with BA who underwent first isolated LT between January 2003 and June 2011 were identified from United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files. We identified 757 patients with PR and 761 patients with PU. The race/ethnicity distribution was significantly different between the groups (65% white, 12% black, and 10% Hispanic in the PR group and 33% white, 26% black, and 29% Hispanic in the PU group, P < 0.01). Wait‐list mortality was higher for the PU group versus the PR group [46/1654 (2.7%) versus 29/1895 (1.5%), P < 0.01]. PR patients were older than PU patients at transplant (2.4 ± 4.5 versus 1.5 ± 3.0 years, P < 0.01). The donor types differed between the groups: 165 children (21.8%) in the PR group received living donor grafts, whereas 79 children (10.4%) in the PU group did (P < 0.01). The 1‐ and 5‐year posttransplant patient survival rates were greater for the PR group versus the PU group (98.0% versus 94.1% at 1 year, P < 0.01; 97.8% versus 92.2% at 5 years, P < 0.01). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that the insurance type (PU), the donor type (deceased), and life support were significant risk factors for death. A separate analysis of deceased donor LT revealed that the PU group still had significantly worse patient and graft survival. In conclusion, PU coverage is an independent risk factor for significantly increased wait‐list and posttransplant mortality in children with BA. Further studies are needed to unearth the reasons for these important differences in outcomes. Liver Transpl 19:543–550, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
The process of discursive institutional work in creating an innovative degree development practice: an institutionalisation approach to innovation

Developing sector-specific university degrees is a challenging process for universities and sectoral members. The development of these degrees needs to incorporate industry-specific resources whilst satisfying the universities’ institutional degree requirements. The process is particularly problematic when there has not previously been a degree devoted to the sector and when there has not been sector-wide communication about the need for a degree. This study provides an empirical investigation of the development of Canada’s first retail management degree and examines how discursive processes constituted an innovative practice of sector-specific degree development in a fragmented, occupational field. These processes were innovative because they involved a corporate-university partnership, multiple collaborations of institutional and corporate embedded actors, and particular forms of legitimating discursive work. Given the institutional nature of the university, this practice represents a process of institutionalisation, whereby the innovative practice becomes a legitimate means of degree development. By examining this unique case, this study develops an analytic framework to analyse discursive institutionalisation through archival documentation and qualitative interviews. The discursive work performed through the data is characterised by the prominence of generalised issues, and by the nature of its synchronicity, recursiveness and convergence. The resulting institutionalisation processes perform discursive institutional work that is purposive, synchronised, recursive and convergent. This study therefore provides an understanding of how discursive processes institutionalise an innovative practice of retail management degree development.