Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Export vs. FDI: Sandwich Sorting with Quadratic Preferences

By applying quadratic instead of CES consumer preferences in a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms, this paper investigates the robustness of the conventional sorting of cross-border active firms, first described by Helpman, Melitz and Yeaple (2004), and finds thereby an alternative type of sorting: While (sufficiently) productive firms export and more productive ones engage in foreign direct investment (FDI), the most productive firms do not undertake FDI, but export again, establishing the so-called sandwich sorting. Evidene for this type can be observed for investment and services trade patterns.
On a second order differential inclusion modeling the FISTA algorithm

In this paper we are interested in the differential inclusion 0 ∈ ẍ(t)+ b t ẋ(t)+∂F (x(t)) in a finitedimensional Hilbert space R, where F is a proper, convex, lower semi-continuous function. The motivation of this study is that the differential inclusion models the FISTA algorithm as considered in [18]. In particular we investigate the different asymptotic properties of solutions for this inclusion for b > 0. We show that the convergence rate of F (x(t)) towards the minimum of F is of order of O ( t− 2b 3 ) when 0 < b < 3, while for b > 3 this order is of o ( t−2 ) and the solution-trajectory converges to a minimizer of F . These results generalize the ones obtained in the differential setting (where F is differentiable ) in [6], [7], [11] and [31]. In addition we show that the order of the
Phylogenetic trees and homomorphisms Yangjing Long

In Chapter 1 we fully characterise pairs of finite graphs which form a gap in the full homomorphism order. This leads to a simple proof of the existence of generalised duality pairs. We also discuss how such results can be carried to relational structures with unary and binary relations. In Chapter 2 we show a very simple and versatile argument based on divisibility which immediately yields the universality of the homomorphism order of directed graphs and discuss three applications. In chapter 3, we show that every interval in the homomorphism order of finite undirected graphs is either universal or a gap. Together with density and universality this “fractal” property contributes to the spectacular properties of the homomorphism order. In Chapter 4 we analyze the phylogenetic information content from a combinatorial point of view by considering the binary relation on the set of taxa defined by the existence of a single event separating two taxa. We show that the graph-representation of this relation must be a tree. Moreover, we characterize completely the relationship between the tree of such relations and the underlying phylogenetic tree. In 1998, Böcker and Dress gave a 1-to-1 correspondence between symbolically dated rooted trees and symbolic ultrametrics. In Chapter 5 we consider the corresponding problem for unrooted trees. More precisely, given a tree T with leaf set X and a proper vertex colouring of its interior vertices, we can map every triple of three different leaves to the colour of its median vertex. We characterise all ternary maps that can be obtained in this way in terms of 4and 5-point conditions, and we show that the corresponding tree and its colouring can be reconstructed from a ternary map that satisfies those conditions. Further, we give an additional condition that characterises whether the tree is binary, and we describe an algorithm that reconstructs general trees in a bottom-up fashion.
Diurnal tides from the troposphere to the lower mesosphere as deduced from TIMED/SABER satellite data and six global reanalysis data sets

[1] We compare and examine diurnal temperature tides including their migrating component (DW1) from the troposphere to the lower mesosphere, using data from Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) and from six different reanalysis data sets: (1) the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), (2) the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-Interim) (3) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), (4) the Japanese 25-year reanalysis by Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) (JRA25), (5) the NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis (NCEP1), and (6) the NCEP and Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis data (NCEP2). The horizontal and vertical structures of the diurnal tides in SABER and reanalyses reasonably agree, although the amplitudes are up to 30–50% smaller in the reanalyses than in the SABER in the upper stratosphere to lower mesosphere. Of all tidal components, the DW1 is dominant while a clear eastward propagating zonal wave number 3 component (DE3) is observed at midlatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in winter. Among the six reanalyses, MERRA, ERA-Interim and CFSR are better at reproducing realistic diurnal tides. It is found that the diurnal tides extracted from SABER data in the winter-hemisphere stratosphere suffer from sampling issues that are caused by short-term variations of the background temperature. In addition, the GSWM underestimates the amplitude in the midlatitude upper stratosphere by about 50%.
Serum concentration and immunostaining of vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with multicentric lymphoma Concentração sérica e imunomarcação do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular em cães com linfoma multicêntrico

Vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most specific regulators of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF plays a role in tumorigenesis through activation of an autocrine signaling pathway that enables cancer cells to stimulate their own growth. The aim of this study was to investigate VEGF serum levels and immunoexpression in canine multicentric lymphomas and correlate these parameters with the prognostic factors of this cancer. Sixteen dogs were evaluated (eight clinically healthy and eight diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma). The animals underwent blood sampling to measure VEGF serum concentrations and lymph node biopsy to evaluate VEGF immunoexpression. The VEGF immunoreactivity score was higher (p=0.0003) in the lymph nodes of dogs with multicentric lymphoma (8.50±2.33) than in those of healthy dogs (1.87±1.80). There was no significant difference in the VEGF serum concentrations between healthy dogs and dogs with lymphoma (p=0.08). Immunophenotype, clinical stage and grade of malignancy influenced the life expectancy of dogs with lymphoma. Our results showed that VEGF is expressed in high amounts in the lymph nodes of dogs with multicentric lymphoma and may be responsible for the growth, survival and migration of
Speculations on the Evolutionary Origins of System Justification

For centuries, philosophers and social theorists have wondered why people submit voluntarily to tyrannical leaders and oppressive regimes. In this article, we speculate on the evolutionary origins of system justification, that is, the ways in which people are motivated (often nonconsciously) to defend and justify existing social, economic, and political systems. After briefly recounting the logic of system justification theory and some of the most pertinent empirical evidence, we consider parallels between the social behaviors of humans and other animals concerning the acceptance versus rejection of hierarchy and dominance. Next, we summarize research in human neuroscience suggesting that specific brain regions, such as the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex, may be linked to individual differences in ideological preferences concerning (in)equality and social stability as well as the successful navigation of complex, hierarchical social systems. Finally, we consider some of the implications of a system justification perspective for the study of evolutionary psychology, political behavior, and social change.
Wall interference in a two-dimensional-flow wind tunnel, with consideration of the effect of compressibility

Theoretical tunnel-wall corrections are derived for an airfoil of finite thickness and camber in a two-dimensional-flow wind tunnel. The theory takes account of the effects of the wake of the airfoil and of the compressibility of the fluid, and is based upon the assumption that the chord of the airfoil is small in comparison with the height of the tunnel. Consideration is given to the phenomenon of choking at high speeds and its relation to the tunnel-wall corrections. The theoretical results are compared with the small amount of low-speed experimental data available and the agreement is seen to be satisfactory, even for relatively large values of the chord-height ratio.
A data hiding approach using enhanced-RDE in grayscale images

Nowadays, the internet has become a broad network enabling many enterprises around the world to interact while sharing data. Nonetheless, this technology has brought many challenges related to securing private information. Information hiding is one of the best and most challenging field dealing with securing organizational sensitive data due to many factors such as identity theft, information phishing, privacy violation, copyright etc. To address these challenges, several data hiding approaches have been already suggested by many researchers around the globe. The main goal was to improve security, embedding capacity and the quality of the stego media. However, research have shown that there is still a challenge to achieve a good embedding capacity while preserving the quality of the stego media. Accordingly, to contribute to overcoming these problems this paper presents a new data hiding approach that ameliorates the quality of the stego image and the embedding capacity using enhanced reduced difference expansion (E-RDE) and pixel block. The grayscale image is first divided into blocks of size 4×1 after that the difference between pixels is computed in each block. To maintain the quality and capacity, the proposed E-RDE is further applied to reduce the difference values. The experiment shows that with this approach good results are yielded compared to the existing approaches.
Kelp forest habitat restoration has the potential to increase sea urchin gonad biomass

When taking an ecosystem-based approach to marine resource management, managers may be able to implement a combination of management tools in order to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of implementing any one in isolation, while providing greater overall ecological benefits. The harvest of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (red sea urchin) for their gonads is one of the most important commercial fisheries in California. However, in some locations, high densities of the unfished Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) can clear expanses of kelp forest resulting in “urchin barrens. ” The lack of macroalgal food resources can result in reduced gonad production, making S. franciscanus within barrens less valuable to a fishery. We investigated the potential of kelp forest habitat restoration, which may be achievable primarily by removing S. purpuratus from barrens, to positively impact the local S. franciscanus fishery and offset the losses in fishing grounds within recently established MPAs in our study area. Generalized linear modeling of the relationship between gonad weight and length (test diameter) demonstrated clear size-specific differences in gonad production between urchins collected in barrens and kelp forests. These relationships varied over time, with the maximum observed mean gonad biomass at length being 484% greater in kelp forest than barren habitat for S. franciscanus just above the legal size limit. The variability in S. franciscanus density (5.2 times greater in urchin barrens), size structure (mean test diameters were approximately 50% greater in kelp forest) and gonad production were then incorporated using Monte Carlo simulations. Results indicated that restoration could potentially result in an 864% increase in S. franciscanus gonad biomass available to the fishery, and a 132% increase in reproductive potential per unit area of urchin barren restored to kelp forest. If all 36 ha of urchin barren habitat mapped outside of the new MPAs in the study area were restored, the increase in gonad biomass available to the fishery could potentially offset 52% of which is now protected within the 109 ha of rocky reef in the new MPAs. Kelp restoration has the potential to play a valuable role as one of many integrated tools in an ecosystem-based management approach.
Effects of social and affective content on exogenous attention as revealed by event-related potentials

ABSTRACT The social content of affective stimuli has been proposed as having an influence on cognitive processing and behaviour. This research was aimed, therefore, at studying whether automatic exogenous attention demanded by affective pictures was related to their social value. We hypothesised that affective social pictures would capture attention to a greater extent than non-social affective stimuli. For this purpose, we recorded event-related potentials in a sample of 24 participants engaged in a digit categorisation task. Distracters were affective pictures varying in social content, in addition to affective valence and arousal, which appeared in the background during the task. Our data revealed that pictures depicting high social content captured greater automatic attention than other pictures, as reflected by the greater amplitude and shorter latency of anterior P2, and anterior and posterior N2 components of the ERPs. In addition, social content also provoked greater allocation of processing resources as manifested by P3 amplitude, likely related to the high arousal they elicited. These results extend data from previous research by showing the relevance of the social value of the affective stimuli on automatic attentional processing.
Economic burden of patients with diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphoma treated in the USA.

AIM Evaluate healthcare costs and utilization of treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Adults with newly diagnosed DLBCL and FL between 1 January 2008 and 31 October 2015 were identified in the Optum™ claims database. Healthcare costs and utilization were assessed from diagnosis date until end of follow-up. RESULTS A total of 1267 DLBCL- and 1595 FL-treated patients were identified. Mean per-patient, per-month cost during follow-up was US$11,890 for DLBCL and US$10,460 for FL. Healthcare costs and utilization decreased from year 1 to 2 following diagnosis, due to a decrease in chemotherapy services, inpatient admissions and other outpatient services. CONCLUSION The economic burden of treated DLBCL and FL is considerable, especially in the first year following diagnosis.
Disparity, Deprivation and Discrimination in Rural India

years, some disadvantaged groups-the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)- remain mired in acute poverty. The present study assesses their poverty and relative deprivation, and the underlying factors. Our analysis of the 61st round of the NSS for 2004-05 confirms higher incidence and intensity of poverty among the STs and SCs, relative to non-ST/SC (Others). A decomposition of poverty gap suggests that a large part of the gap between the ST and Others is due to differences in returns or structural differences while among the SCs it is due largely to differences in characteristics or endowments. Whether these structural differences are a reflection of ‘current’ discrimination is far from self-evident, given the important role of personal identity in determining performance. The policy design therefore cannot be limited to enhancing the endowments of the STs, SCs and other disadvantaged groups. While some of the disparity in living standards may have elements of discrimination, subject of course to the measurement problems, it is arguable that lower quality of education, location in remote, inaccessible areas with limited infrastructure and market access cause poverty and inequity to persist.
Combining tumor size and diffusion-weighted imaging to diagnose normal-sized metastatic pelvic lymph nodes in cervical cancers

Background Detecting normal-sized metastatic pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) in cervical cancers, although difficult, is of vital importance. Purpose To investigate the value of diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI), tumor size, and LN shape in predicting metastases in normal-sized pelvic LNs in cervical cancers. Material and Methods Pathology confirmed cervical cancer patients with complete magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were documented from 2011 to 2016. A total of 121 cervical cancer patients showed small pelvic LNs (<5 mm) and 92 showed normal-sized (5–10 mm) pelvic LNs (39 patients with 55 nodes that were histologically metastatic, 53 patients with 71 nodes that were histologically benign). Preoperative clinical and MRI variables were analyzed and compared between the metastatic and benign groups. Results LN apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and short-to-long axis ratios were not significantly different between metastatic and benign normal-sized LNs (0.98 ± 0.15 × 10−3 vs. 1.00 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.45; 0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 0.64 ± 0.16, P = 0.60, respectively). Tumor ADC value of the metastatic LNs was significantly lower than the benign LNs (0.98 ± 0.12 × 10−3 vs. 1.07 ± 0.21 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.01). Tumor size (height) was significantly higher in the metastatic LN group (27.59 ± 9.18 mm vs. 21.36 ± 10.40 mm, P < 0.00). Spiculated border rate was higher in the metastatic LN group (9 [16.4%] vs. 3 [4.2%], P = 0.03). Tumor (height) combined with tumor ADC value showed the highest area under the curve of 0.702 (P < 0.00) in detecting metastatic pelvic nodes, with a sensitivity of 59.1% and specificity of 78.8%. Conclusions Tumor DWI combined with tumor height were superior to LN DWI and shape in predicting the metastatic state of normal-sized pelvic LNs in cervical cancer patients.
Dispersal limitation and thermodynamic constraints govern spatial structure of permafrost microbial communities

Understanding drivers of permafrost microbial community composition is critical for understanding permafrost microbiology and predicting ecosystem responses to thaw, however studies describing ecological controls on these communities are lacking. We hypothesize that permafrost communities are uniquely shaped by constraints imposed by prolonged freezing, and decoupled from factors that influence non-permafrost soil communities. To test this hypothesis, we characterized patterns of environmental variation and microbial community composition in permafrost across an Alaskan boreal forest landscape. We used null modeling to estimate the relative importance of selective and neutral assembly processes on community composition, and identified environmental factors influencing ecological selection through regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). Proportionally, the strongest process influencing community composition was dispersal limitation (0.36), exceeding the influence of homogenous selection (0.21), variable selection (0.16), and homogenizing dispersal (0.05). Fe(II) content was the most important factor explaining variable selection, and was significantly associated with total selection by univariate regression (R2=0.14, p=0.003). SEM supported a model in which Fe(II) content mediated influences of the Gibbs free energy of the organic matter pool and organic acid concentration on total selection. These findings reveal that the processes shaping microbial communities in permafrost are distinct from those in non-permafrost soils, as the stability of the permafrost environment imposes dispersal and thermodynamic constraints on permafrost communities. Models of permafrost community composition will need to account for these unique drivers in order to predict community characteristics across permafrost landscapes, and in efforts to understand how pre-thaw conditions will influence post-thaw ecological and biogeochemical processes.
An Examination of the Composition and Microstructure of Coarse Intermetallic Particles in AA2099-T8, Including Li Detection

Abstract Electron and proton microprobes, along with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis were used to study the microstructure of the contemporary Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2099-T8. In electron probe microanalysis, wavelength and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used in parallel with soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) to characterize the microstructure of AA2099-T8. The electron microprobe was able to identify five unique compositions for constituent intermetallic (IM) particles containing combinations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. A sixth IM type was found to be rich in Ti and B (suggesting TiB2), and a seventh IM type contained Si. EBSD patterns for the five constituent IM particles containing Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn indicated that they were isomorphous with four phases in the 2xxx series aluminium alloys including Al6(Fe, Mn), Al13(Fe, Mn)4 (two slightly different compositions), Al37Cu2Fe12 and Al7Cu2Fe. SXES revealed that Li was present in some constituent IM particles. Al SXES mapping revealed an Al-enriched (i.e., Cu, Li-depleted) zone in the grain boundary network. From the EBSD analysis, the kernel average misorientation map showed higher levels of localized misorientation in this region, suggesting greater deformation or stored energy. Proton-induced X-ray emission revealed banding of the TiB2 IM particles and Cu inter-band enrichment.
Unsupervised Deep Image Hashing through Tag Embeddings

Many approaches to semantic image hashing have been formulated as supervised learning problems that utilize images and label information to learn the binary hash codes. However, large-scale labelled image data is expensive to obtain, thus imposing a restriction on the usage of such algorithms. On the other hand, unlabelled image data is abundant due to the existence of many Web image repositories. Such Web images may often come with images tags that contains useful information, although raw tags in general do not readily lead to semantic labels. Motivated by this scenario, we formulate the problem of image hashing as an unsupervised learning problem. We utilize the information contained in the user-generated tags associated with the images to learn the hash codes. More specifically, we extract the word2vec semantic embeddings of the tags and use the information contained in them for constraining the learning. Accordingly, we name our model Unsupervised Deep Hashing using Tag Embeddings (UDHT). UDHT is tested for the task of semantic image retrieval and is compared against several state-of-art unsupervised models. Results show that our approach sets a new state-of-art in the area of unsupervised image hashing.