Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geschlechterunterschiede im Verlauf und Erfolg psychosomatischer Rehabilitation

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Bedeutsamkeit des Geschlechts im Verlauf und Erfolg psychosomatischer Rehabilitation genauer zu bestimmen. Methoden Die Stichprobe besteht aus 401 Rehabilitanden einer stationären psychosomatischen Rehabilitation, 72% Frauen, 28% Männer, Durchschnittsalter 49 Jahre. Sie wurden zu Rehabilitationsbeginn, -ende sowie 12 Monate danach befragt. Die Rücklaufquote zum Follow-up beträgt 74%. Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zum Verlauf zeigen bei fast allen untersuchten Variablen signifikante Verbesserungen, am deutlichsten bei den ressourcenbezogenen bzw. klinischen Merkmalen (Selbstregulationsfähigkeit, Resilienz, Symptombelastung) und dem objektiven, für den Rehabilitationserfolg wichtigsten Indikator Return-to-Work. Allerdings zeigten die Untersuchungen der anderen arbeitsbezogenen Variablen geschlechtsunabhängig nur sehr geringe Verbesserungen (subjektive Prognose der Erwerbstätigkeit) oder eine Verringerung (Arbeitsmotivation). Die Effektstärken zu den Verbesserungen der ressourcenbezogenen und klinischen Merkmale liegen bei den Frauen (d=0,67 bis 1,35) etwas höher als bei den Männern (d=0,55 bis 0,93), obgleich die Return-to-Work-Rate bei Männern etwas höher ist (78 vs. 71%). Subgruppenanalysen kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass für beide Geschlechter eine unterdurchschnittliche Symptombelastung und eine hohe Resilienz vorteilhaft für die Rückkehr in den Beruf sind. Schlussfolgerung Arbeitsplatzbezogenen Merkmalen sollte sowohl bei Frauen als auch bei Männern in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation eine größere Bedeutung eingeräumt werden.
Origin of superior thyroid artery: under the surgeon’s knife

Abstract Background The major arterial supply to the thyroid gland is from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, arising from the external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk respectively. The external laryngeal nerve runs in close proximity to the origin of the superior thyroid artery in relation to the thyroid gland. The superior thyroid artery is clinically important in head and neck surgeries. Objectives To locate the origin of the superior thyroid artery, because wide variability is reported. To provide knowledge of possible variations in its origin, because it is important for surgical procedures in the neck. Methods The origin of the superior thyroid artery was studied by dissecting sixty adult human hemineck specimens from donated cadavers in a Department of Anatomy. Results The highest incidence observed was origin of the superior thyroid artery from the external carotid artery (88.33%), whereas origin from the common carotid bifurcation only occurred in 8.33%. However, in 3.33% of cases, the superior thyroid artery originated from the common carotid artery and in a single case, the external laryngeal nerve did not cross the stem of the superior thyroid artery at all, but ran ventral and parallel to the artery. Conclusions It is important to rule out anomalous origin of superior thyroid artery and verify its relationship to the external laryngeal nerve prior to ligation of the artery in thyroid surgeries, in order to prevent iatrogenic injuries. Moreover, because anomalous origins of the superior thyroid artery are only anatomic variants, thorough knowledge of these is decisive for head and neck surgeries.
Preoperative ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks reduce the incidence of postmastectomy chronic pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial

Purpose Chronic postsurgical pain is a challenging problem after breast cancer surgery. This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of preoperative ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks (PVBs) on chronic pain following mastectomy. Patients and methods One hundred eighty-four women were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided multilevel (T1–T5) PVBs with 5 mL of ropivacaine 0.5% or normal saline per level. The primary end point was the incidence of chronic pain at 3 months following mastectomy assessed by the brief pain inventory (BPI), while the secondary end points were the acute postoperative pain, the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), side effects, and chronic pain at 6 months after surgery assessed by the BPI. Results A total of 172 patients completed the study. Ultrasound-guided multilevel PVBs significantly decreased immediate postoperative pain for the first 12 hours (P<0.001). Additionally, fewer patients in the PVB group required rescue analgesia in the first 48 hours post-operatively compared to the control group (5/86 vs 28/86, OR =0.128, 95% CI: 0.047–0.351, P<0.001). No statistically significant difference was tested between the two groups (9.3% vs 17.4%, OR =0.419, 95% CI: 0.162–1.087, P=0.068) in the incidence of PONV. At 3 months, the incidence of chronic pain (BPI average pain score ≥3) was 34.5% and 51.2% (OR =0.511, 95% CI: 0.277–0.944, P=0.031) in the PVB and control groups, respectively, and at 6 months, the incidence was 22.1% and 37.2% (OR =0.479, 95% CI: 0.245–0.936, P=0.03), respectively. No complications occurred during the study. Conclusion This study indicated that perioperative ultrasound-guided multilevel PVBs with ropivacaine improved acute postoperative pain and decreased postmastectomy chronic pain at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PARTUS LAMA DAN KETUBAN MEKONIUM TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA DI RSUD KOTA PRABUMULIH TAHUN 2016

ABSTRAK Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara partus lama dan ketuban mekonium dengan kejadian Asfiksia di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016.Dari penelitian ini digunakan metode survey analitik dan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitiannya semua bayi baru lahir diruang kebidanan di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016 yang berjumlah 1442 orang. Instrument yang digunakan dengan cara pengisian checklist. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa univariat dan bivariat. Dari hasil uji statistik pada variabel Partus lama menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna (signifikan) dengan kejadian Asfiksia dimana ρ value 0,000 (0,000 ≤ 0,05). Dan pada variabel Ketuban mekonium menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna (signifikan) dengan kejadian Asfiksia dimana ρ value (0,000 ≤ 0,05). Ada Hubungan bermakna pada Partus Lama dan Ketuban Mekonium dengan Kejadian Asfiksia.
Assessment of neighborhood street characteristics related to physical activity in the Lower Mississippi Delta

Background: Physical activity levels were low for pregnant and postpartum participants in a diet and physical activity intervention. To explore micro level characteristics of participants’neighborhoods related to physical activity, an ancillary study was conducted. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed the neighborhood street segments of women participating in a diet and physical activity intervention that was conducted in the Lower Mississippi Delta. A neighborhood was defined as all street segments within one-fourth walking mile of a participant’s home address. Street segments were measured using the Rural Active Living Assessment’s Street Segment Assessment tool. In the field and on foot, raters measured street segments using neighborhood maps with segments identified. Results: Mean street segment length was 0.22 miles (SD = 0.14). All segments had flat terrain with residential (98%), open spaces (74%), and public/civic (34%) as the most prevalent land uses. Almost three-fourths of segments did not have any sidewalks (69%), sidewalk buffers or defined shoulders (73%), crosswalks or pedestrian signage (69%), or posted speed limits (74%). However, 88% had stop signs and almost all (96%) had street lighting and were paved multi lane roads (95%) with low traffic volume (90%). Most residential structures present were single family detached homes (95%) and the most common public/civic and commercial structures were churches (24%) and convenience stores (9%), respectively. Almost all of the street segments were rated as walk able (99%) and aesthetically pleasing (94%). Conclusion: Neighborhood street segments surrounding Delta Healthy Sprouts participants’homes were walk able and aesthetically pleasing. However, safety features such as sidewalks,pedestrian signage, and posted speed limit signs were lacking. To address these inadequate pedestrian safety features, infrastructure changes are needed for small rural towns.
The Relationship between Cardiopulmonary Exercise testing (CPET), other Related Factors and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Major Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background: Assessment of patient’s fitness prior to major surgery is mandatory because co-morbidities predispose to postoperative complications; however the ability of pulmonary function tests to predict postoperative cardiopulmonary complications is still poorly defined. Objective: to examine the role of preoperative measurements of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and other lung function tests in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing major upper gastrointestinal surgery (stomach, oesophagus, small intestine, gall bladder and pancreas surgery). Patients and methods: A 193 patients who had major upper gastrointestinal surgery’ age, sex and smoking status were recorded and they underwent a range of tests including body mass index, flow-volume curve spirometry, blood gas analysis, transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) and CPET at the Pulmonary Function Laboratory of Glasgow Royal Infirmary between August 2008 and December 2011. Post-operative morbidity and mortality was analysed for all patients who underwent major surgery. Results: Comparisons between patients that did or did not have post operative pulmonary complications showed significant differences in anaerobic threshold as % predicted maximum oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2; p0.05), length of high dependency care stay (p0.001), length of ward stay (p<0.01) and length of hospital stay (p0.001). There were significant differences between those patients with and without operative anastomotic leak in body mass index (BMI; p0.05), length of high dependency care stay (p0.001), length of ward stay (6 vs.15, respectively; p0.001), length of hospital stay (14 vs. 28, respectively; p0.001) and duration between date of surgery and date of commencing postoperative chemotherapy (p≤0.01). Conclusion: CPET and in particular anaerobic threshold % maximum predicted is useful in predicting the likelihood of the development of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery.
Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in the treatment of cancers: a systematic review and pooled-analysis

Purpose Immune checkpoint inhibitors have developed rapidly and have demonstrated antitumor activity in various cancers. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in treating cancers, we conducted this meta-analysis. Methods Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, the Central Register of Controlled Trials of the Cochrane Library, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology database were searched for relevant studies. The primary outcomes were any grade adverse events (AEs) and grade ≥3 AEs. The secondary outcomes were overall objective response rate, pooled 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate, 1-year overall survival (OS) rate, median PFS, and median OS. Results Our meta-analysis was based on 14 clinical trials with 3,266 patients. The total risk of any grade AEs reached 69%, while grade ≥3 AEs happened in only 13% of participants. The overall atezolizumab-related death rate was 0.17%. Major common AEs involved fatigue (24.5%), decreased appetite (13.2%), nausea (12.3%), diarrhea (10.8%), pyrexia (10.7%), pruritus (9.6%), cough (9.5%), edema peripheral (8.6%), and rash (8.4%). The most common severe AEs were fatigue (2.2%), anemia (1.9%), and dyspnea (1.9%). Meanwhile, we found that 6% patients reached complete response and 16% partial response. The pooled 6-month PFS rate and 1-year OS rate were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.31–0.41) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.49–0.61), respectively. The median PFS varied from 1.5 to 6.1 months, and the median OS ranged from 5.9 to 28.9 months. Conclusion Atezolizumab has a considerable potential in treating cancers with an acceptable risk profile.
Root Exudation of Primary Metabolites: Mechanisms and Their Roles in Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Root exudation is an important process determining plant interactions with the soil environment. Many studies have linked this process to soil nutrient mobilization. Yet, it remains unresolved how exudation is controlled and how exactly and under what circumstances plants benefit from exudation. The majority of root exudates including primary metabolites (sugars, amino acids, and organic acids) are believed to be passively lost from the root and used by rhizosphere-dwelling microbes. In this review, we synthetize recent advances in ecology and plant biology to explain and propose mechanisms by which root exudation of primary metabolites is controlled, and what role their exudation plays in plant nutrient acquisition strategies. Specifically, we propose a novel conceptual framework for root exudates. This framework is built upon two main concepts: (1) root exudation of primary metabolites is driven by diffusion, with plants and microbes both modulating concentration gradients and therefore diffusion rates to soil depending on their nutritional status; (2) exuded metabolite concentrations can be sensed at the root tip and signals are translated to modify root architecture. The flux of primary metabolites through root exudation is mostly located at the root tip, where the lack of cell differentiation favors diffusion of metabolites to the soil. We show examples of how the root tip senses concentration changes of exuded metabolites and translates that into signals to modify root growth. Plants can modify the concentration of metabolites either by controlling source/sink processes or by expressing and regulating efflux carriers, therefore challenging the idea of root exudation as a purely unregulated passive process. Through root exudate flux, plants can locally enhance concentrations of many common metabolites, which can serve as sensors and integrators of the plant nutritional status and of the nutrient availability in the surrounding environment. Plant-associated micro-organisms also constitute a strong sink for plant carbon, thereby increasing concentration gradients of metabolites and affecting root exudation. Understanding the mechanisms of and the effects that environmental stimuli have on the magnitude and type of root exudation will ultimately improve our knowledge of processes determining soil CO2 emissions, ecosystem functioning, and how to improve the sustainability of agricultural production.
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND FUTURE FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS

Discussions on climate change increasingly emphasize the contribution of agricultural activities to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions. In this paper, we investigate from a supply to demand side perspective the stress between food demand and climate change challenges up until 2030. We examine how more stringent climate change mitigation policies could alter agricultural markets and put at risk the nutrition possibilities of populations. We use for this purpose GLOBIOM, an applied partial equilibrium model covering, at the world scale and a fine grid resolution, the main land-based sectors: agriculture, forestry and bioenergy. For this exercise, the model is fully linked to a semi-flexible endogenous demand system with non-linear Engel’s curves. Our results show that although forest related measures could be efficiently deployed without harming food security, a scenario of massive development of bioenergy would have more tangible impacts on food availability. Our most constraining option is a decrease in emissions from cattle, which would impose a reduction in the consumption of ruminant meat and milk. We illustrate that considering the current dynamic of consumption patterns, these latter policies, if implemented on the supply side directly, could have very uneven effects to the world’s diet and harm primarily developing countries.
Male proportion in offspring of military air pilots in Norway

ABSTRACT Rumours of a reduced male proportion in offspring of fathers occupied as military air pilots were confirmed in two American studies in 1961 and 1987, but not in a German study in 1976. Data of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were used to assess whether offspring of fathers occupied as military air pilots, had a deviant sex-ratio. Method. Results. Conclusion. N ORSK SAMMENDRAG Rykter om redusert andel sonner av fedre ansatt som flyvere i forsvaret, ble stottet i to amerikansk studier fra 1961 og 1987, men ikke i en tysk studie fra 1976. Data fra Medisinsk fodselsregister ble brukt til a undersoke om fodte, etter 16. svangerskapsuke, med fedre som flyvere i forsvaret i Norge, hadde en skjev kjonnsratio. Metode. Resultat. Konklusjon. Andel sonner til mannlige flyvere i forsvaret var signifikant redusert. Gruppen er imidlertid liten og resultatet bor bekreftes av andre studier. Flyvere i forsvaret var fedre til 65 barn. Andelen av gutter var 36,9%, i referansepopulasjon var andelen 51,4% med en relativ risiko 0,72 (95% CI 0,57–0,92). Studien var basert pa alle fodte i Norge 1970–1993 med tilgjengelig folketellings-informasjon (ca. 1,2 millioner). Kohorten av flyvere ble etablert ut fra opplysninger om yrke og utdannelse i folketellingene fra 1970, 1980 og 1990. Referansepopulasjonen var alle resterende barn. Male proportion in offspring of men occupied as military air pilots was significantly reduced. However, the group is small and the result needs to be confirmed in other studies. Men working as military air pilots had 65 infants. The male proportion was 36.9%, the male proportion in the reference population was 51.4% with a relative risk 0.72 (95% CI 0.57–0.92). The study was based on all births in Norway 1970–1993 for which linkage with population census data could be obtained (about 1.2 million). Fathers’ occupation was derived from census data of 1970, 1980 and 1990 on job title and education. The reference population was the group that did not belong to the occupation under study.
Tuberculosis-HIV treatment with rifampicin or rifabutin: are the outcomes different?

BACKGROUND Rifamycins are a group of antibiotics mainly used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), however they interact with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Rifabutin allows more regimens options for concomitant imunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment compared to rifampicin. OBJECTIVE Compare the outcomes of TB-HIV co-infected patients who used rifampicin or rifabutin. METHODS We analysed data from a prospective cohort study at National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. Patients who were treated for TB and HIV with rifampicin or rifabutin, from February 2011 to September 2016 were included. FINDINGS There were 130 TB-HIV patients, of whom 102 were treated with rifampicin and 28 with rifabutin. All patients in the rifabutin-treated group and 55% of the rifampicin-treated group patients were ART-experienced. Patients treated with rifampicin had similar abandon and cure rates, interruptions in treatment due to adverse reactions, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and a similar mortality rate as those treated with rifabutin. However, rifampicin-treated patients had higher CD4 counts and more frequently undetectable HIV viral load by the end of treatment (67% versus 18%, p < 0.001) compared to rifabutin-treated patients, even when only ART-experienced patients were evaluated (66,6% versus 36,3%, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Patients who used rifabutin had worst immune and virological control. This group had more ART-experienced patients. New and simpler regimens are needed for patients who do not respond to previous antiretroviral therapies.
The Influence of Hydrology on the Dynamics of Land-Terminating Sectors of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Coupling between runoff, hydrology, basal motion, and mass loss (“hydrology-dynamics”) is a critical component of the Greenland Ice Sheet system. Despite considerable research effort, the mechanisms by which runoff influences ice dynamics and the net long-term (decadal and longer) dynamical effect of variations in the timing and magnitude of runoff delivery to the bed remain a subject of debate. We synthesise key research into land-terminating ice sheet hydrology-dynamics, in order to reconcile several apparent contradictions that have recently arisen as understanding of the topic has developed. We suggest that meltwater interaction with subglacial channels, cavities, and deforming subglacial sediment modulates ice flow variability. Increasing surface runoff supply to the bed induces cavity expansion and sediment deformation, leading to early-melt season ice flow acceleration. In the ablation area, drainage of water at times of low runoff from high-pressure subglacial environments toward more efficient drainage pathways is thought to result in reductions in water pressure, ice-bed separation and sediment deformation, causing net slow-down on annual to decadal time-scales (ice flow self-regulation), despite increasing surface melt. Further inland, thicker ice, small surface gradients and reduced runoff suppress efficient drainage development, and a small net increase in both summer and winter ice flow is observed. Predicting ice motion across land-terminating sectors of the ice sheet over the twenty-first century is confounded by inadequate understanding of the processes and feedbacks between runoff and subglacial motion. However, if runoff supply increases, we suggest that ice flow in marginal regions will continue to decrease on annual and longer timescales, principally due to (i) increasing drainage system efficiency in marginal areas, (ii) progressive depression of basal water pressure, and (iii) thinning-induced lowering of driving stresses. At higher elevations, we suggest that minor year-on-year ice flow acceleration will continue and extend further into the interior where self-regulation mechanisms cannot operate and if surface-to-bed meltwater connections form. Based on current understanding, we expect that ice flow deceleration due to the seasonal development of efficient drainage beneath the land-terminating margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet will continue to regulate its future mass loss.