Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTS OF HEDGING DECISION WITH DERIVATIVEINSTRUMENTS IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ONINDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2013-2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Growth Opportunity (GRWTH), Leverage (LEV), Liquidity (LIQ), Firm Size (SIZE), and Financial Distress (FND) on hedging decision in manufacturing companies in Indonesia Period 2013-2016. The greatest risk of international trade transactions is risk of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Changes in the value of foreign currency that can unexpectedly significant impact of the company, therefore the company needs to do a risk management one of which is the hedging decision with derivative instruments. The population in this study is a companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2013-2016. The sample in this study amounted to 98 companies by using purposive sampling. The variables in this study include Growth Opportunity (GRWTH), Leverage (LEV), Liquidity (LIQ), Firm Size (SIZE), and Financial Distress (FND). The analytical tool used is the logistic regression analysis. The result of this study found that the variable Growth Opportunity (GRWTH), Leverage (LEV), and Firm Size (SIZE) positively affect hedging decision, whereas for the other variable Liquidity (LIQ) and Financial Distress (FND) does not affect hedging decision. From the results of logistic regression found that the variable Growth Opportunity (GRWTH), Leverage (LEV), and Firm Size (SIZE) can explain hedging decision by 48.9% while the remaining 51.1% explained by variables outside the study. Keywords: Hedging Decision, Derivative Instrument, Growth Opportunity, Leverage, Liquidity, Firm Size, Financial Distress
Looking with different eyes: The psychological meaning of categorisation goals moderates facial reactivity to facial expressions

In the present research we examined whether the psychological meaning of people's categorisation goals affects facial muscle activity in response to facial expressions of emotion. We had participants associate eye colour (blue, brown) with either a personality trait (extraversion) or a physical trait (light frequency) and asked them to use these associations in a speeded categorisation task of angry, disgusted, happy and neutral faces while assessing participants' response times and facial muscle activity. We predicted that participants would respond differentially to the emotional faces when the categorisation criteria allowed for inferences about a target's thoughts, feelings or behaviour (i.e., when categorising extraversion), but not when these lacked any social meaning (i.e., when categorising light frequency). Indeed, emotional faces triggered facial reactions to facial expressions when participants categorised extraversion, but not when they categorised light frequency. In line with this, only when categorising extraversion did participants' response times indicate a negativity bias replicating previous results. Together, these findings provide further evidence for the contextual nature of people's selective responses to the emotions expressed by others.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Duplicate Code

It is said that the presence of duplicate code is one of the factors that make software maintenance more difficult. Many research efforts have been performed on detecting, removing, or managing duplicate code on this basis. However, some researchers doubt this basis in recent years and have conducted empirical studies to investigate the influence of the presence of duplicate code. In this study, we conduct an empirical study to investigate this matter from a different standpoint from previous studies. In this study, we define a new indicator "modification frequency" tomeasure the impact of duplicate code and compare the values between duplicate code and nonduplicate code. The features of this study are as follows the indicator used in this study is based on modification places instead of the ratio of modified lines; we use multiple duplicate code detection tools to reduce biases of detection tools; and we compare the result of the proposed method with other two investigation methods. The result shows that duplicate code tends to be less frequently modified than nonduplicate code, and we found some instances that the proposed method can evaluate the influence of duplicate code more accurately than the existing investigation methods.
How Does Learning Lead to Innovativeness, Internationalization and Success of Entrepreneurial Ventures? – Evidence from China’s High Technology Industry

An entrepreneurial venture is a new business entity that has a great deal of learning to do -learn about its customers and competitors, learn about current state of technology, and learn about how to operate a business. In this study, we investigate the impact of learning on product innovativeness and firm performance for entrepreneurial ventures. Synthesizing extant literature, we clearly define the construct and propose a formative measurement for market learning. In an integrated framework, we compare market learning with technology learning, social network learning, and cross-market learning. Generated from a unique sample of high technology entrepreneurial ventures in China, our empirical results show that market learning plays the most important role and has significant positive influences on product innovativeness, customer reception, and financial performance. Our results also indicate that technology learning increases product innovativeness; social network learning contributes to higher customer reception; and cross-market learning leads to higher product innovativeness and accelerated internationalization.
MRI features of skeletal muscle lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the MRI findings of skeletal muscle lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR images of pathologically proven lymphoma of skeletal muscle in 20 patients were retrospectively reviewed for the presence or absence of individual imaging findings. Nine patients had primary muscle lymphoma, and 11 patients had muscle metastasis from systemic lymphoma. RESULTS The initial manifestation of skeletal muscle lymphoma was a muscle mass in 15 patients (75%) and abnormal muscle signal intensity in five patients (25%). Muscle enlargement was found in all cases. Long segmental involvement with orientation of the tumor along muscle fascicles was found in 15 patients (75%). Seventeen patients (85%) had traversing vessels within involved muscles. All of the tumors had equal to slightly increased signal intensity compared with normal muscle on T1-weighted images and intermediate signal intensity compared with fat on T2-weighted images. Among the 19 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced imaging, skeletal muscle lymphoma exhibited diffuse homogeneous enhancement in 13 patients (68%), predominantly peripheral thick bandlike enhancement in four patients (21%), and marginal septal enhancement in two patients (11%). Thick irregular enhancement of both deep and superficial fascia was found in 16 patients (84%), and one patient (5%) had deep enhancement only. Subcutaneous stranding was found in 16 patients (80%) and skin thickening in four patients (20%). CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle lymphoma has distinctive MRI features that help differentiate it from other soft-tissue tumors and tumorlike lesions.
Non-Target Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Microbes

Glyphosate is among the most popular herbicides registered for forest use in California. Noted for its broad effectiveness on competing vegetation, mild effect on conifers, rapid inactivation in soil, and low mammalian toxicity (DiTomaso 1997), glyphosate is an integral component of conifer release programs and has led to improvements in the growth of intensively managed forests (Powers and Reynolds 1999). Benefits of herbicide use must be viewed cautiously, however. Public concerns about environmental risks makes their forestry use controversial. Policy makers and forest managers thus need scientific documentation of the ecological effects of herbicides that go beyond the toxicological requirements met during product registration. In particular, our knowledge of the effect of glyphosate on non-target organisms in forest ecosystems is incomplete.
Growth rates in children recovering from protein-calorie malnutrition

1. Compensatory, or ‘catch-up’, growth in eight malnourished children has been studied in relation to food intake, efficiency of food utilization and changes in body composition. 2. During recovery, growth rates were fifteen times as fast as those of normal children of similar age, and five times as fast as those of normal children of a similar height or weight. 3. Rapid growth was associated with a high food intake. 4. When the expected weight for height was reached food intakes fell abruptly by 30% and growth rates dropped to a level comparable with those of normal children of that height and weight. 5. Food conversion figures suggest an over-all increase in the efficiency of food utilization during rapid growth. 6. The percentage body fat increased, once the expected weight for height was reached. 7. Differences in the rates of weight gain from those predicted by the Miller-Payne equation were difficult to interpret: problems associated with the equation are discussed.
Industry Product Market Competition and Corporate Governance

This study explores the relation between industry product market competition and internal corporate governance. I provide several economic theories on how competition can influence governance strength along different dimensions by affecting the costs and benefits of firms monitoring their managers. For example, some theories predict that competition increases agency costs and hence the need for increased monitoring of managers by boards while other theories suggest that competition decreases the need for monitoring as it acts as a disciplinary mechanism. Additionally, other theories predict that competition increases the need for boards' advisory roles and managerial discretion, and thus reducing the need for monitoring. I show that governance mechanisms complement each other and that competition affects these complementary relations. This study contributes to the literature by showing that industry characteristics play a major role, even dominating firm characteristics, in influencing a range of governance mechanisms across firms, thus providing an explanation for the observed heterogeneity in the strength of these mechanisms across firms. Furthermore, by showing that when competition increases, governance strength is greater, but that when competition exceeds a certain level, governance mechanisms become weaker, my findings suggest that "strong" ("weak") governance may not always be associated with "good" ("bad") governance as typically assumed in the literature - these firms provide optimal governance structures based on the level of competition in their external environment. This study is the first to document non-linear relations concerning governance strength, specifically, an inverted U-shaped relation between competition and governance. The findings from this study contribute to recent studies that show that a "one-size-fits-all" notion to corporate governance does not hold empirically.
Lineage‐negative bone marrow cells travel bidirectionally in the olfactory migratory stream but maintain hematopoietic phenotype

The mammalian olfactory system is a physiologically plastic region of the brain with the potential to support implanted stem cells. We performed direct injection of lineage‐negative (lin‐neg), green fluorescent protein‐positive (GFP+) bone marrow cells into the olfactory bulb to assess cell survival and motility within the central nervous system (CNS). Before direct injection of 100,000 lin‐neg cells, some of the C57/Bl mice received 1,000 cGy brain irradiation with the aim of disabling the endogenous reservoir of periventricular neural progenitor cells. Brain harvest took place up to 2 weeks after cell implantation. Brains were evaluated for presence of GFP positivity via fluorescence microscopy. Many GFP+ cells were identified within the turbinate neuroepithelium, olfactory bulb, and frontal lobe. Most of the cells that had traveled from the implantation site adopted an elongated, arborizing morphology consistent with cellular extensions arrayed in the direction of the rostral migratory stream (RMS). No difference was seen in brain‐irradiated versus non‐irradiated mice. Antibody staining revealed that these cells did not take on a neural, glial, or endothelial phenotype, while largely retaining their hematopoietic lineage as demonstrated by CD45 positivity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE CONTINUED OPTICAL TO MID-INFRARED EVOLUTION OF V838 MONOCEROTIS

The eruptive variable V838 Monocerotis (V838 Mon) gained notoriety in 2002 when it brightened nine magnitudes in a series of three outbursts and then rapidly evolved into an extremely cool supergiant. We present optical, near-infrared (near-IR), and mid-IR spectroscopic and photometric observations of V838 Mon obtained between 2008 and 2012 at the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m, NASA IRTF 3 m, and Gemini South 8 m telescopes. We contemporaneously analyze the optical and IR spectroscopic properties of V838 Mon to arrive at a revised spectral type L3 supergiant and effective temperature T eff ∼ 2000 ? > –2200 K. Because there are no existing optical observational data for L supergiants, we speculate that V838 Mon may represent the prototype for L supergiants in this wavelength regime. We find a low level of Hα emission present in the system, consistent with interaction between V838 Mon and its B3V binary; however, we cannot rule out a stellar collision as the genesis event, which could result in the observed Hα activity. Based upon a two-component blackbody fit to all wavelengths of our data, we conclude that, as of 2009, a shell of ejecta surrounded V838 Mon at a radius of R = 263 ± 10 ? > AU with a temperature of T = 285 ± 2 ? > K. This result is consistent with IR interferometric observations from the same era and predictions from the Lynch et al. model of the expanding system, which provides a simple framework for understanding this complicated system.
Public Procurement as Policy Instrument for Innovation

The use of public procurement to promote private innovation activities has attracted increasing attention recently. Germany implemented a legal change in its procurement framework in 2009, which allowed government agencies to specify innovative aspects of procured products as selection criteria in tender calls. We analyze a representative sample of German firms to investigate whether this reform stimulated innovation in the business sector. Across a wide set of specifications—OLS, nearest-neighbor matching, IV regressions and difference-in-differences—we find a robust and significant effect of innovationdirected public procurement on turnover from new products and services. However, our results show that the effect is largely attributable to innovations of more incremental nature rather than market novelties.
The failure mechanisms of micro-scale cantilevers in shock and vibration stimuli

Contemporary shock testing of micro-devices is carried out in controlled test environments where test parameters can be monitored with current metrology techniques. Due to demanding environments and limited scope of design rules, the reliability of micro devices has become a concern. A modified Hopkinson pressure bar (HPB) is used to investigate failure mechanisms of single crystal silicon (SCS) micro-cantilever devices under high-g accelerations. Response upon impact is monitored using high speed imaging (HSI) to ascertain the cause of failure. White light interferometry (WLI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used as post analysis techniques to investigate cause of failure and fracture topography. The modified HPB method in conjunction with high speed imaging allowed valid prediction of modal and temporal failure information of the micro cantilevers. WLI investigated the effects of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) etching on crack instigation. SEM identified octahedral cleavage of SCS as the dominant failure mechanism of the micro-cantilevers.
Optimum camera placement considering camera specification for security monitoring

We present an optimum camera placement algorithm. We are motivated by the fact that the installation of security cameras is increasing rapidly. From the system cost point of view, it is desirable to observe all the area of interest by the smallest number of cameras. We propose a method for deciding optimum camera placement automatically considering camera specification such as visual distance, visual angle, and resolution. Moreover, to reduce the number of cameras, we divide the scene into regions and weight them according to their importance of observation. Then, we calculate camera locations which cover all the important regions and as many other regions as possible by considering the trade off between a number of observed regions and the number of cameras required. We formulate this problem as a set covering problem.
On van der Corput property of squares

We prove that the upper bound for the van der Corput property of the set of perfect squares is O((log n)^{-1/3}), giving an answer to a problem considered by Ruzsa and Montgomery. We do it by constructing non-negative valued, normed trigonometric polynomials with spectrum in the set of perfect squares not exceeding n, and a small free coefficient a_0=O((log n)^{-1/3}).
Impaired attention in depressive states: a non-specific deficit?

Synopsis Although cognitive research on attention has advanced significantly in recent years, these advances have produced few specific hypotheses regarding the attentional impairment seen in depression, and few experiments designed to test them. We review the limited neuropsychological literature on impaired attention in depressive states, with emphasis on areas where the findings of modern cognitive research might be applied in the future to design more sophisticated tests of attentional impairment. At present, it is not possible to determine whether the attentional deficits seen in depression are specific to this disorder, or whether they represent a final common pathway of impaired cognition seen in many different mental and organic deficit states, such as schizophrenia and dementias.
What matters most in CEO compensation

Recent literature in the compensation space has focused on variables that correspond to CEO incentives, including inside debt, overconfidence, and the CEO pay slice. This paper looks at the most recent time when all of this data is available, beginning from 2006 to 2013. An in-depth analysis of theories the literature has already been provided, but this study considers all three together and includes interactions in order to remove potential omitted variable bias in previous studies. The argument of the paper is omitted variable bias in previous studies has occurred since overconfidence is not considered in inside debt and CEO pay slice studies, inside debt is not considered in overconfidence and CEO pay slice studies, and the CEO pay slice is not considered in overconfidence and inside debt studies. To ensure this study can be performed, the correlation between the variables of interest must be relatively low. They are all correlated under the absolute value of 7%. My regressions take into account all three compensation incentives and include interactions among them in the models. With respect to previous literature, the results are similar to prior findings, but this study attempts to shed light on the interactions among these compensation incentives to see what truly matters. Interactions among these variables lead to an additional positive effect for total risk and additional negative effects for investment, diversification, liquidity, and firm value. My specifications provide insight into a period where publicly available compensation data is provided at a greater accuracy than before. My period from 2006 to 2013 also provides robustness to economic factors resulting from the Great Recession since the sample period starts just before Abstract
Serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated from normal pregnant women and patients with pregnancy complications

To compare the distribution of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotypes 1 to 10 in different patient populations, the serotypes of 240 U. urealyticum strains from 207 patients were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test by using U. urealyticum antisera 1 to 10. Strains were obtained from the following four patient groups: group 1, 24 couples in which the women had a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion; group 2, 25 patients who had their first spontaneous abortion; group 3, 14 pregnant patients with pregnancy complications (premature delivery, intrauterine death); and group 4, 138 patients with uneventful pregnancies. The serotypes most often found in these 207 patients were as follows: serotype 3, 52.2%; serotype 6, 30.3%; serotype 10, 11.4%; serotype 1, 9.5%; serotype 4, 6.5%; serotype 8, 6.5%. Serotypes 2, 5, 7, and 9 were found in less than 1% of the patients. More than one serotype was found in 16.9% of the patients. The overall distribution of the 10 serotypes in the different groups was similar, except for that of serotype 4. Serotype 4 was isolated from 20.8% of the patients in group 1 and from 5.1% of the patients in group 4 (P less than 0.01). Results of this study indicate that U. urealyticum serotype 4 can be isolated more frequently from patients with a history of recurrent miscarriages than from normal pregnant women.
Flexible Bronchoscopy for Diagnosis and Follow Up of Childhood Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Background: In this study, our aim was to determine the clinical and bronchoscopic outcome of the endobronchial tuberculosis (ETB). Methods: Patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) or TB patients with an inadequate response to 8 weeks of antituberculosis treatment were enrolled in the study. Results: Seventy patients were included to the study and 118 flexible bronchoscopies were performed. ETB was present in 33 (47%) patients. There was isolated compression in 14 cases, caseous lesions in 13, granuloma formation in 6, polypoid lesions in 2, adenopathy protrusion in 1, and mucosal erosion in 1 case. The mean duration of bronchoscopic resolution of endobronchial lesions was 5.50 ± 2.74 months. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from gastric lavage in 10% and from bronchoalveolar lavage in 12.8% of 70 cases. When both of the procedures were performed concurrently, the isolation rate increased to 20%. Transient hypoxia resolving with nasal O2 was observed in 3 patients as a complication of bronchoscopy. Conclusions: Bronchoscopy offered a safe and rapid means of confirming the diagnosis of ETB.