Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear diacylglycerol lipase‐α in rat brain cortical neurons: evidence of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol production in concert with phospholipase C‐β activity

In this report, we describe the localization of diacylglycerol lipase‐α (DAGLα) in nuclei from adult cortical neurons, as assessed by double‐immunofluorescence staining of rat brain cortical sections and purified intact nuclei and by western blot analysis of subnuclear fractions. Double‐labeling assays using the anti‐DAGLα antibody and NeuN combined with Hoechst staining showed that only nuclei of neuronal origin were DAGLα positive. At high resolution, DAGLα‐signal displayed a punctate pattern in nuclear subdomains poor in Hoechst's chromatin and lamin B1 staining. In contrast, SC‐35‐ and NeuN‐signals (markers of the nuclear speckles) showed a high overlap with DAGLα within specific subdomains of the nuclear matrix. Among the members of the phospholipase C‐β (PLCβ) family, PLCβ1, PLCβ2, and PLCβ4 exhibited the same distribution with respect to chromatin, lamin B1, SC‐35, and NeuN as that described for DAGLα. Furthermore, by quantifying the basal levels of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and by characterizing the pharmacology of its accumulation, we describe the presence of a mechanism for 2‐AG production, and its PLCβ/DAGLα‐dependent biosynthesis in isolated nuclei. These results extend our knowledge about subcellular distribution of neuronal DAGLα, providing biochemical grounds to hypothesize a role for 2‐AG locally produced within the neuronal nucleus.
Rail Traffic Accidents: A retrospective study

One hundred and twenty-seven autopsy cases of rail traffic accidents received from South Delhi were studied during the period from 1996-2002. Data for the study was gathered from autopsy reports and hospital records. The cases represented approximately 1.41% of all autopsy cases received from South Delhi at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (India). Data was analysed with regard to the age and sex of the victim, the part of the body involved and the pattern of injuries in different body regions. Death occurred at the scene of the fatal event in twenty-eight cases; another twenty-eight cases were brought in dead to the hospital. Seventy-one cases died after being admitted to the hospital. Ethanol was detected in the blood of 17.4% of cases.
Human Siglec‐5: tissue distribution, novel isoforms and domain specificities for sialic acid‐dependent ligand interactions

Summary. Human Siglec‐5 is a sialic acid binding immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like lectin (Siglec), comprising one N‐terminal IgV‐SET domain followed by three IgC2‐SET domains, and a cytoplasmic domain with ITIM and SAP motifs which regulate cell signalling. We report the differential distribution of hSiglec‐5 on neutrophil and macrophage subsets in tissues using monoclonal antibodies, 1A5 and 2H8, which require the first IgC2‐SET domain for binding. Interestingly, hSiglec‐5 was especially prominent on macrophages in reactive lymph nodes. We have identified four isoforms of hSiglec‐5 possessing three (hSiglec‐5‐3L and ‐3C) or four (hSiglec‐5‐4L and ‐4S) extracellular domains linked to long (hSiglec‐5‐3L and ‐4L) or short (hSiglec‐5‐4S) cytoplasmic tails or existing as a soluble isoform (hSiglec‐5‐3C). hSiglec‐5‐4L has the broadest tissue distribution, being detected in adult spleen, thymus, lymph node, peripheral blood leucocytes and bone marrow, and in fetal lung and liver. A soluble Fc chimaeric protein containing the hSiglec‐5‐4L extracellular domain binds in a sialic acid‐dependent manner to glycophorin A on human erythrocytes and to α2‐3‐ and α2‐6‐sialyllactose moieties. Domain deletion mutants of hSiglec‐5(D1‐4)‐Fc reveal that the first three IgC2‐SET domains are required for optimal binding, with adhesion being abolished if the first IgC2‐SET domain is deleted. This indicates that each hSiglec‐5 isoform will interact with sialic acid ligands and provides the first step towards defining structure–function relationships of hSiglec‐5 isoforms.
Bringing the Physician Back In: Communication Predictors of Physicians' Satisfaction With Managed Care

Data from a survey of physicians in a west coast city (n = 356) are used to measure physicians' extra-occupational sources of dissatisfaction. Data revealed a significant relationship between physicians' satisfaction and their managed care experience, their communication with managed care organizations, and views of managed care practice. Results suggest that managed care currently plays a large and significant role in predicting physicians' satisfaction. The importance of communication between physicians and managed care organizations is illustrated in the strength of the relationships between communication variables and managed care decisions. Furthermore, in assessing the strength of the relationship, regression analysis reveals that communication with managed care accounts for the largest percentage of variance in physicians' satisfaction. The results of this study suggest that communication with managed care organizations affects physicians' satisfaction with every facet of the organizational environment, including leading physicians who report problematic communication with managed care organizations to say that they would be less likely to choose the same career path again.
Privacy for Smart Meters: Towards Undetectable Appliance Load Signatures

Smart grid privacy encompasses the privacy of information extracted by analysing smart metering data. In this paper, we suggest that home electrical power routing can be used to moderate the home's load signature in order to hide appliance usage information. In particular, 1) we introduce a power management model using a rechargeable battery, 2) we propose a power mixing algorithm, and 3) we evaluate its protection level by proposing three different privacy metrics: an information theoretic (relative entropy), a clustering classification, and a correlation/regression one; these are tested on different metering datasets. This paper sets the ground for further research on the subject of optimising home energy management with regards to hiding load signatures.
Ion angular distribution in vacuum arc plasma

The angular distribution of the metal and gaseous ion flow from vacuum arc plasma has been investigated. A Mevva-type ion source and a Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass-spectrometer were used. The experiments were performed using a range of different cathode materials, including C, Al, Zn, Cu, Ti, Co, Cr, W, Pb, Cu0.7Cr0. 3, W0.4Co0. 17C0.43, and Zn0.4Pb0. 6, over a range of vacuum arc discharge parameters. Variable parameters in this study were vacuum arc discharge current, background gas pressure, configuration of cathode-anode gap, and composition of cathode material. A comparison with results obtained by other authors was made. The influence of discharge parameters on the ion angular distribution in a vacuum arc source is discussed.
Job satisfaction self esteem and organizational commitment among faculty members of secondary level teacher training programme in India Mysore and Iran Tehran

The present investigation was a descriptive-cum-comparative study of Job Satisfaction, Self Esteem and Organizational Commitment among faculty members of secondary level teacher training programme in India (Mysore) and Iran (Tehran). The purpose of this investigation was to examine how certain demographic variables (male and female teachers, teachers of different length of experience, teachers from government and private institutions, teachers of different types of subjects and teachers of different age groups) affect Job Satisfaction, Self Esteem and Organizational Commitment of faculty members of secondary level teacher training colleges in India (Mysore) and Iran (Tehran). In addition, the study aimed to find out the relationship between Job Satisfaction, Self Esteem and Organizational Commitment of faculty members in both countries (India and Iran). The study was carried on faculty members who were working in teacher training colleges in both countries; India (Mysore) and Iran (Tehran). The sample for the present study was drawn using simple random sampling technique and considered of 186 participants from Mysore sample and 254 participants from Tehran sample. The data collected was analyzed using independent samples„t‟ test, one way ANOVA, two way ANOVA , coefficient
Grammatical outcomes of 3- and 6-year-old children who are hard of hearing.

PURPOSE Spoken language skills of 3- and 6-year-old children who are hard of hearing (HH) were compared with those of children with normal hearing (NH). METHOD Language skills were measured via mean length of utterance in words (MLUw) and percent correct use of finite verb morphology in obligatory contexts based on spontaneous conversational samples gathered from 185 children (145 HH, 40 NH). Aided speech intelligibility index (SII), better-ear pure-tone average (BE-PTA), maternal education, and age of amplification were used to predict outcomes within the HH group. RESULTS On average, the HH group had MLUws that were 0.25-0.5 words shorter than the NH group at both ages, and they produced fewer obligatory verb morphemes. After age, aided SII and age of amplification predicted MLUw. Aided SII and BE-PTA were not interchangeable in this analysis. Age followed by either BE-PTA or aided SII best predicted verb morphology use. CONCLUSIONS Children who are HH lag behind their peers with NH in grammatical aspects of language. Although some children appear to catch up, more than half of the children who are HH fell below the 25th percentile. Continued monitoring of language outcomes is warranted considering that children who are HH are at increased risk for language learning difficulties.
I Storbritanniens skygge? De socialdemokratiske forhandlingspositioner om Fælles Akten 1985-1986

Bargaining in the Shadow of Britain? Explaining the Danish Social Democrats’ bargaining positions under the SEA IGC 1985-1986 The article conducts a detailed analysis of Danish positions in the dramatic negotiations of the SEA-Treaty in 1985-86. The initial, failed ratification in the Danish Parliament almost caused a major crisis in the relationship between Denmark and the EEC. This article examines the domestic play between the government and the opposition during the IGC in order to explain the initial Danish no. In some respects, the Social Democratic positions were remarkably stable and were designed to maintain the institutional status quo and thus internal party cohesion. However, the article also demonstrates that the Social Democrats’ hardline bargaining can be partially explained and justified by the party’s belief that the United Kingdom would reject the SEA-treaty. In other periods, short-term electoral concerns played a leading role, for instance in December 1985 and January 1986 when the Social Democratic party leadership attempted to avoid an internal confrontation over the common market question.
Effects of needs-assessment–based psycho-education of schizophrenic patients’ families on the severity of symptoms and relapse rate of patients

Background: Family psycho-education is one of the most effective interventions for preventing relapse in patients with schizophrenia. We evaluated the efficacy of a needs-assessment–based educational program in comparison with a current program (textbook based) in the treatment of schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: Patients with schizophrenia and their families (N = 60) were allocated to needs-assessment–based education (treatment) and textbook-based (control) programs; both included 10 sessions of education within about 6 months. Symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) prior to intervention and every 3 months for a total of 18 months. A 25% decrease or increase in total PANSS score was considered as response or relapse, respectively. Results: Forty-two cases completed the study. The total PANSS score was significantly decreased in both groups with more reduction in the treatment group. Positive and negative scale scores were reduced in the treatment group, but not significantly in the control group. Response rate was higher in the treatment group and relapse rate was lower (15% vs. 27.2%, P = 0.279). In logistic regression analysis, needs-assessment–based psycho-education was associated with more treatment response. Conclusions: Needs-assessment–based psycho-education is more effective than textbook-based education for treating schizophrenia. We recommend psychiatric care centers to conduct needs-assessment and develop their own program for family psycho-education.
Evaluating bacterial pathogen DNA preservation in museum osteological collections

Reports of bacterial pathogen DNA sequences obtained from archaeological bone specimens raise the possibility of greatly improving our understanding of the history of infectious diseases. However, the survival of pathogen DNA over long time periods is poorly characterized, and scepticism remains about the reliability of these data. In order to explore the survival of bacterial pathogen DNA in bone specimens, we analysed samples from 59 eighteenth and twentieth century individuals known to have been infected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Treponema pallidum. No reproducible evidence of surviving pathogen DNA was obtained, despite the use of extraction and PCR-amplification methods determined to be highly sensitive. These data suggest that previous studies need to be interpreted with caution, and we propose that a much greater emphasis is placed on understanding how pathogen DNA survives in archaeological material, and how its presence can be properly verified and used.
Nimesulide – a multifactorial approach to inflammation and pain: scientific and clinical consensus

ABSTRACT Background: This paper summarises the outcome from a consensus meeting, held in Rome on 5 October 2005, that aimed to review the state of the art regarding the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) nimesulide, with reference to its chemical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical characteristics. Scope: The meeting aimed to provide a continuous and up-to-date evaluation of the clinical and safety profile of nimesulide, and of its role in the treatment of inflammatory pain, in light of existing therapeutic alternatives, through a revision and critical discussion on the information available on the drug among authoritative experts in different fields of medical science. Findings: The members of the Consensus Report Group on Nimesulide (CRGN) recognised that nimesulide is an NSAID which exerts its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities thanks to unique chemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and to a multifactorial mechanism of action, which goes beyond its preferential inhibitory activity on the COX‐2 enzyme. Nimesulide was found to be at least as effective, or superior, to placebo and other NSAIDs, with a particularly fast onset of analgesic action. The safety profile is in line with that expected from the class, with evidence of a better gastrointestinal safety profile. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, the CRGN concluded that nimesulide remains an effective and safe therapeutic choice for the treatment of various painful inflammatory conditions, with a rapid onset of analgesic activity and an overall positive benefit/risk profile.
Effect of test interruptions on blood lactate during constant workload testing.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether repetitive test interruptions (TI) during constant load testing influence blood lactate concentration (BLC), maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), MLSS workload (P-MLSS), and relative MLSS intensity (Int-MLSS). METHODS Nineteen males participated in this study. In experiment A, 10 subjects (27.5 +/- 2.9 yr; 183.7 +/- 5.2 cm; 77.4 +/- 3.7 kg) performed 30-min constant load tests: one without TI, one with TI of 30 s, and one with TI of 90 s after every 5 min of cycling at a given workload. In experiment B, nine subjects (28.0 +/- 2.7 yr; 182.9 +/- 6.8 cm; 76.2 +/- 4.5 kg) performed 30-min constant load tests at different workloads until MLSS had been determined for all three TI protocols. RESULTS In experiment A, the BLC after 30 min net working time (BLC30) was higher (P < 0.001) without TI (6.0 +/- 1.3 mmol.l(-1)) than with TI of 30 s (4.9 +/- 1.4 mmol.l(-1)) or 90 s (4.5 +/- 1.1 mmol.l(-1)). The change in BLC during the final 20 min (DeltaBLC10-30) was greater (P < 0.01) without TI (1.2 +/- 1.0 mmol.l(-1)) than with TI of 30 s (0.2 +/- 0.7 mmol.l(-1)) or 90 s (-0.3 +/- 0.7 mmol.l(-1)). In experiment B, the MLSS was not affected, but P-MLSS and Int-MLSS were lower (P < 0.01) without TI (277.8 +/- 24.4W and 73.7 +/- 7.6%) than with TI of 30 s (300.4 +/- 30.4W and 79.2 +/- 8.0%) or 90 s (310.0 +/- 31.2W and 81.5 +/- 7.1%). Approximately 35% of the variance of BLC30 and DeltaBLC10-30, and 70% of the variance of P-MLSS and Int-MLSS were explained by TI duration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TI decreased BLC30 and DeltaBLC10-30 but has no effect on MLSS. Consequently, with TI, the MLSS is achieved at higher P-MLSS and Int-MLSS.
Characterization of the piezoresistive effect and temperature coefficient of resistance in single crystalline silicon nanowires

This paper reports the design, fabrication and evaluation of piezoresistive effect of the top-down fabricated p-type <110> Si Nanowires (SiNWs). The SiNWs with the length of 2µm, thickness of 35nm and width ranges from 35nm to 490nm have been fabricated by electron beam (EB) direct writing and reactive ion etching (RIE). The impurity concentration of the SiNWs is 2×1018 cm−3, obtained by ion implantation. The SiNWs are protected by a thermally grown SiO2 to avoid the environment influence and to deactivate the outer layer, which was attacked during RIE process. Dependence of piezoresistive effects on the width of the SiNWs of both longitudinal and transverse SiNWs has been characterized. The significant increasing had been found in longitudinal piezoresistive coefficient πl[110]. The results showed that when the width of the SiNWs reduces to nanometer size, the smaller the width, the bigger the piezoresistive coefficient. The coefficient πl[110] along <110> crystallographic orientation increased up to 60% when the width of SiNWs down from 490nm to 35nm. Furthermore, rather small influence of temperature to piezoresistive coefficient has been characterized. Piezoresistive effect slightly decreases when the temperature increases. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the SiNWs has been measured to be from 450 to 850ppm/°C, i.e. about 8 times smaller than that of bulk silicon at same doping concentration. These excellent characteristics are important for high sensitive and low-temperature-affected mechanical sensors.
Playing Cat and Mouse at the U.S.-Mexican Border

Border control and apprehension activity represents a major element of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Does apprehending an undocumented migrant deter remigration? If it does not, does it change future migration behavior? I explore these questions by testing hypotheses about the effects of apprehension on the actual and desired length of stay in the United States and on the frequency of migration for undocumented Mexican male migrants. Results suggest that INS policy may well be backfiring. Migrants stay in the United States longer on non-apprehended trips and stay in Mexico for shorter spells between trips to compensate for the cost of a past apprehension.
Firm Age, Investment Opportunities, and Job Creation

This paper asks whether startups react more to changing investment opportunities than more mature firms do. We use the fact that a region's pre-existing industrial structure creates exogenous variation in the severity of its exposure to nation-wide manufacturing shocks to develop an instrument for changing investment opportunities, and examine employment creation in the non-tradable sector as a response to those opportunities. Startups are much more responsive to changing local economic conditions than older firms. Moreover, their responsiveness doubles in areas with better access to small business finance, suggesting that financing constraints are an important brake on job creation in the startup sector. Although we focus mostly on the non-tradable sector for empirical identification, our results extend to other sectors of the economy, indicating that the mechanisms we uncover are economically pervasive. This suggests that factors like organizational flexibility and innovativeness may be important drivers of job creation among startups.
Bone vascular supply in monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae): Influence of size, growth, and phylogeny

Bone vascular canals occur irregularly in tetrapods; however, the reason why a species has or lacks bone canals remains poorly understood. Basically, this feature could depend on phylogenetic history, or result from diverse causes, especially cortical accretion rate. The Varanidae, a monophyletic clade that includes species with impressive size differences but similar morphologies, is an excellent model for this question. Cortical vascularization was studied in 20 monitor species, on three bones (femur, fibula, and tibia) that differ in their shaft diameters, and in the absolute growth speed of their diaphyseal cortices. In all species smaller than 398 mm SVL (133–397 mm in sample), bone cortices lack vascular canals, whereas all larger species (460–1,170 mm in sample) display canals. The size 398–460 mm SVL is thus a threshold for the appearance of the canals. The distribution of vascular and avascular bone tissues among species does not precisely reflect phylogenetic relationships. When present, vascular canals always occur in the femur and tibia, but are less frequent, sparser, and thinner in the fibula. Vascular density increases linearly with specific size but decreases exponentially during individual growth. In most species, canal orientation varies between individuals and is diverse in a single section. No clear relationship exists between canal orientation and vascular density. These results suggest that: a) the occurrence and density of bone vascular canals are basically dependant on specific size, not phylogenetic relationships; b) vascular density reflects the absolute growth rates of bone cortices; c) the orientation of vascular canals is a variable feature independent of phylogeny or growth rate. J. Morphol. , 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.