Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics and External Phosphorus Requirement of Bulle and Wonago Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

Determination of the P-sorption characteristics of soils is important for economic fertilizer application and to recommend appropriate management strategies for high P-fixing soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate P-sorption characteristics of soils occurring in some areas of southern Ethiopia and identify factors contributing to P sorption. Composite surface (0-20 cm) soil samples from 6 sites of two locations were collected. The results revealed that the P-sorption data were fitted well with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with r 2 values of 0.99. But later model was found to better in describing P-sorption data than the former model. The adsorption maxima (Xm) and distribution coefficient (Kf) values of soils ranged from 909-2000 mg PKg -1 and 245-487 mg PKg -1 based on Langmuir and Freundlich models respectively. The corresponding SPR values ranged between 57-196 mg P kg -1 and 71.8-211mg P kg -1 based on Langmuir and Freundlich models respectively. Bonding energy constant (K) of Langmuir model and Freundlich constant (b) ranged from 0.15-1.4 and 0.54-0.66 Lmg -1 respectively. The bonding energy constant (K) of Langmuir model was found to be more valuable than Xm in discriminating the study soils as high and low P sorbing soils. Based on both models soils of Bulle had SPR values >150 mg PKg -1 and then were classified as high P-fixing soils while soils of Wonago had SPR values <150 mgPKg -1 were classified as low P-fixing. The result of path analysis revealed that exchangeable Al and Clay had direct effect on P-sorption parameters of both models. It is concluded that P-sorption models can effectively be used to discriminate soils based on P-fixation ability. However, validation of both models through real time experiments in greenhouse and field is recommended before the models used for large scale. Key Words : P- sorption/fixation, Standard P requirement (EPR), Exchangeable Al, Fe, Langmuir Model, Freunlich model
47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome: Clinical characteristics and age‐specific recommendations for medical management

47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) is the most frequent sex chromosomal disorder and affects approximately one in 660 newborn boys. The syndrome is characterized by varying degrees of cognitive, social, behavioral, and learning difficulties and in adulthood additionally primary testicular failure with small testes, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, tall stature, and eunuchoid body proportions. The phenotype is variable ranging from “near‐normal” to a significantly affected individual. In addition, newborns with Klinefelter syndrome generally present with a normal male phenotype and the only consistent clinical finding in KS is small testes, that are most often not identified until after puberty. Decreased awareness of this syndrome among health professionals and a general perception that all patients with 47,XXY exhibit the classic textbook phenotype results in a highly under‐diagnosed condition with up to 75% of the patients left undetected. Typically, diagnosis is delayed with the majority of patients identified during fertility workup in adulthood, and only 10% of patients diagnosed prior to puberty. Early detection of this syndrome is recommended in order to offer treatment and intervention at the appropriate ages and stages of development for the purpose of preventing osteopenia/osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and other medical conditions related to hypogonadism and to the XXY as well as minimizing potential learning and psychosocial problems. The aim of this review is to present the clinical aspects of XXY and the age‐specific recommendations for medical management. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration of Tropomyosin-binding Properties of Tropomodulin-1 Affects Its Capping Ability and Localization in Skeletal Myocytes*

Background: Tropomodulin is a tropomyosin-dependent actin-capping protein. Results: Mutations in tropomodulin-1 that reduce its affinity for tropomyosin (R11K, D12N, Q144K) reduced inhibition of actin pointed-end polymerization in vitro and decreased assembly of tropomodulin-1 in skeletal myocytes. Conclusion: The tropomyosin-binding ability of tropomodulin-1 directly influences its actin filament regulatory activity. Significance: Creating a tool for studying the roles of different tropomodulin isoforms in living cells. Tropomodulin (Tmod) is an actin-capping protein that binds to the two tropomyosins (TM) at the pointed end of the actin filament to prevent further actin polymerization and depolymerization. Therefore, understanding the role of Tmod is very important when studying actin filament dependent processes such as muscle contraction and intracellular transport. The capping ability of Tmod is highly influenced by TM and is 1000-fold greater in the presence of TM. There are four Tmod isoforms (Tmod1–4), three of which, Tmod1, Tmod3, and Tmod4, are expressed in skeletal muscles. The affinity of Tmod1 to skeletal striated TM (stTM) is higher than that of Tmod3 and Tmod4 to stTM. In this study, we tested mutations in the TM-binding sites of Tmod1, using circular dichroism (CD) and prediction analysis (PONDR). The mutations R11K, D12N, and Q144K were chosen because they decreased the affinity of Tmod1 to stTM, making it similar to that of affinity of Tmod3 and Tmod4 to stTM. Significant reduction of inhibition of actin pointed-end polymerization in the presence of stTM was shown for Tmod1 (R11K/D12N/Q144K) as compared with WT Tmod1. When GFP-Tmod1 and mutants were expressed in primary chicken skeletal myocytes, decreased assembly of Tmod1 mutants was revealed. This indicates a direct correlation between TM-binding and the actin-capping abilities of Tmod. Our data confirmed the hypothesis that assembly of Tmod at the pointed-end of the actin filament depends on its TM-binding affinity.
The Long D-stem of the Selenocysteine tRNA Provides Resilience at the Expense of Maximal Function

Background: The selenocysteine tRNA (tRNASec) has a uniquely long D-stem containing 6 base pairs. Results: The extended D-stem is not essential for function but is required for stability. Conclusion: Enhanced secondary structure in selenocysteine tRNA compensates for the absence of canonical tertiary interactions. Significance: The flexibility due to the absence of tertiary interactions is required for tRNASec function, whereas the enhanced secondary structure compensates for the decreased stability. The D-stem of the selenocysteine tRNA (tRNASec) contains 2 additional base pairs, which replace tertiary interactions 8-14 and 15-48 universally present in all other cytosolic tRNAs. To study the role of these additional base pairs in the tRNASec function, we used the instant evolution approach. In vivo screening of six combinatorial gene libraries provided 158 functional variants of the Escherichia coli tRNASec. Analysis of these variants showed that the additional base pairs in the D-stem were not required for the tRNASec function. Moreover, at lower temperatures, these base pairs notably harmed the tRNASec activity. However, at elevated temperatures, these base pairs became essential as they made the tRNA structure more stable. The alternative way to stabilize the structure through formation of the standard tertiary interactions was not an option for tRNASec variants, which suggests that the absence of these interactions and the resulting flexibility of the tertiary structure are essential for tRNASec function.
Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate

Orofacial clefts are common birth defects and can occur as isolated, nonsyndromic events or as part of Mendelian syndromes. There is substantial phenotypic diversity in individuals with these birth defects and their family members: from subclinical phenotypes to associated syndromic features that is mirrored by the many genes that contribute to the etiology of these disorders. Identification of these genes and loci has been the result of decades of research using multiple genetic approaches. Significant progress has been made recently due to advances in sequencing and genotyping technologies, primarily through the use of whole exome sequencing and genome‐wide association studies. Future progress will hinge on identifying functional variants, investigation of pathway and other interactions, and inclusion of phenotypic and ethnic diversity in studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated nursing: a review of the literature

Limited research suggests that successful implementation of integrated nursing increases perceptions of overall primary health care team functioning. This paper reviews those studies and also reports on the findings of relevant studies of teamwork in the wider primary care context. Effective teamwork is essential if the concept of a primary care-led NHS is to become a reality. Achieving effective teamwork however is fraught with difficulties and requires skilled facilitation to overcome obstacles such as fear of change, professional jealousies and diverse lines of accountability. The facets of good teamwork include a high level of participation by all members, support for innovation, clarity of team objectives, task orientation and mutual role understanding. The diversity of problems encountered in primary care makes auditing the collective work of teams very difficult. As a result, most research in nursing and primary health care teams has concentrated on team process rather than outcome. Efforts should .
Diverse Sequence Determinants Control Human and Mouse Receptor Interacting Protein 3 (RIP3) and Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like (MLKL) Interaction in Necroptotic Signaling*

Background: Receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) interaction is essential for necroptosis. Results: Murine RIP3 does not interact with human MLKL and vice versa due to sequence differences in and around the RIP3 phosphorylation sites. Conclusion: Different sequences in human and mouse RIP3 control the functionally conserved RIP3-MLKL interaction. Significance: This study provided new insights into the function of RIP3-MLKL interaction in necroptosis. Receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) is a protein kinase essential for TNF-induced necroptosis. Phosphorylation on Ser-227 in human RIP3 (hRIP3) is required for its interaction with human mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) in the necrosome, a signaling complex induced by TNF stimulation. RIP1 and RIP3 mediate necrosome aggregation leading to the formation of amyloid-like signaling complexes. We found that TNF induces Thr-231 and Ser-232 phosphorylation in mouse RIP3 (mRIP3) and this phosphorylation is required for mRIP3 to interact with mMLKL. Ser-232 in mRIP3 corresponds to Ser-227 in hRIP3, whereas Thr-231 is not conserved in hRIP3. Although the RIP3-MLKL interaction is required for necroptosis in both human and mouse cells, hRIP3 does not interact with mMLKL and mRIP3 cannot bind to hMLKL. The species specificity of the RIP3-MLKL interaction is primarily determined by the sequence differences in the phosphorylation sites and the flanking sequence around the phosphorylation sites in hRIP3 and mRIP3. It appears that the RIP3-MLKL interaction has been selected as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in mediating necroptosis signaling despite that differing structural and mechanistic bases for this interaction emerged simultaneously in different organisms. In addition, we further revealed that the interaction of RIP3 with MLKL prevented massive abnormal RIP3 aggregation, and therefore should be crucial for formation of the amyloid signaling complex of necrosomes. We also found that the interaction between RIP3 and MLKL is required for the translocation of necrosomes to mitochondria-associated membranes. Our data demonstrate the importance of the RIP3-MLKL interaction in the formation of functional necrosomes and suggest that translocation of necrosomes to mitochondria-associated membranes is essential for necroptosis signaling.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Firocoxib and Carprofen in Clinical Use for Canine Coxofemoral Osteoarthritis

Firocoxib and carprofen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are used in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis. This study evaluated the efficacy and provided information of these NSAIDs in clinical practice. Sixteen healthy dogs of large breeds over 5 years old without systemic diseases and pregnancy that had coxofemoral osteoarthritis were divided into 2 groups, firocoxib group (n=9) and carprofen group (n=7). The study was conducted for 16 weeks. Firocoxib (5mg/kg body weight) or carprofen (4.4mg/kg body weight) was administered to all dogs once daily for 2 weeks, on alternate days for 6 weeks and every 2 days for 8 weeks. Of all samples, serum OA biomarkers (hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate epitope WF6), hematological profiles together with physical, orthopedic and radiographic examination, passive range of motion measurement, pain and lameness scoring, urinalysis, fecal examination and owner preference scoring were assessed. Evaluations of the study took place at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16. Although the serum WF6 levels of the firocoxib group were gradually increased until week 12 and decreased at week 16 and those of the carprofen group were decreased at week 2 and then gradually increased until week 16, the levels of WF6 revealed that the chondroprotective effect of firocoxib and carprofen was still indistinct. Passive range of motion (ROM) measurement revealed evidences of increased hip flexion of the firocoxib group at weeks 2, 4 and 16 (p<0.05) and increased hip extension of the carprofen group at weeks 2, 8 and 12 (p<0.05). These improved ranges of motion indicated that both NSAIDs ameliorated the clinical signs.
Characterization of limb differences in children with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a well‐described multisystem developmental disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, growth and behavioral deficits, and cardiac, gastrointestinal, and limb anomalies. The limb defects seen in CdLS can be mild, with small feet or hands only, or can be severe, with variable deficiency defects involving primarily the ulnar structures and ranging from mild hypoplasia of the fifth digit to complete absence of the forearm. Interestingly, the upper limbs are typically much more involved than the lower extremities that generally manifest with small feet and 2–3 syndactyly of the toes and shortened fourth metatarsal. The upper limbs often manifest asymmetric involvement. The limb findings in our cohort of 378 individuals with CdLS demonstrate a consistent pattern of laterality and symmetry involvement (with increased severity of right‐sided limb in individuals with asymmetric limb defects) and a correlation of more significant limb defects with an increased risk of other structural anomalies, and more severe behavioral outcomes. Additionally, we found that individuals with mutations in NIPBL were most likely to have limb defects compared to mutations in other genes with nonsense, exonic deletion, and frameshift mutations being most prevalent in those with limb defects. Characterization of the limb differences in children with CdLS may provide a tool to assist in genetic counseling and determining prognosis. This paper will review the limb involvement in a large cohort of individuals with CdLS assessing the correlation with molecular etiologies, symmetry, additional structural birth defects, and cognitive outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Mechanisms of the Cytotoxicity of Human α-Lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor Cells (HAMLET) and Other Protein-Oleic Acid Complexes*

Background: The α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex has a unique apoptotic activity for selectively killing tumor cells. Results: We identified the oleic acid-binding site in the human- and goat-α-lactalbumin complexes by two-dimensional NMR. Conclusion: Oleic acid is bound to a loosely organized hydrophobic core of the proteins in the molten globule state. Significance: The results are crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of the protein-oleic acid complexes. Although HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), a complex formed by human α-lactalbumin and oleic acid, has a unique apoptotic activity for the selective killing of tumor cells, the molecular mechanisms of expression of the HAMLET activity are not well understood. Therefore, we studied the molecular properties of HAMLET and its goat counterpart, GAMLET (goat α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), by pulse field gradient NMR and 920-MHz two-dimensional NMR techniques. We also examined the expression of HAMLET-like activities of complexes between oleic acid and other proteins that form a stable molten globule state. We observed that both HAMLET and GAMLET at pH 7.5 were heterogeneous, composed of the native protein, the monomeric molten globule-like state, and the oligomeric species. At pH 2.0 and 50 °C, HAMLET and GAMLET appeared in the monomeric state, and we identified the oleic acid-binding site in the complexes by two-dimensional NMR. Rather surprisingly, the binding site thus identified was markedly different between HAMLET and GAMLET. Furthermore, canine milk lysozyme, apo-myoglobin, and β2-microglobulin all formed the HAMLET-like complex with the anti-tumor activity, when the protein was treated with oleic acid under conditions in which their molten globule states were stable. From these results, we conclude that the protein portion of HAMLET, GAMLET, and the other HAMLET-like protein-oleic acid complexes is not the origin of their cytotoxicity to tumor cells and that the protein portion of these complexes plays a role in the delivery of cytotoxic oleic acid molecules into tumor cells across the cell membrane.
A survey of registered nurses' perceptions of the code of professional conduct in Hong Kong.

AIM To examine the perceptions of the code of professional conduct among practising registered nurses in Hong Kong. BACKGROUND A code of professional conduct is intended to guide nurses in their practice and to ensure congruence with nursing goals and objectives. Such a code for nurses in Hong Kong has been in effect for two decades but, to date, no study has examined the perceptions of it among practising nurses. DESIGN A survey of 320 practising registered nurses working in a hospital cluster in Hong Kong (mean postregistration experience=11.8 years). METHODS A questionnaire developed to assess nurses' perceptions of the Code of Professional Conduct devised by the Nursing Council of Hong Kong. RESULTS Providing safe and competent care, practising in accordance with the law and maintaining agreed standards were ranked in order as the three most important aspects. Safeguarding informed decision-making for patients who were mentally incapacitated or unable to speak for themselves, participating in continuing nursing education and raising objections to practices that compromise safe and appropriate care were considered the most challenging aspects to achieve in professional nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS To educate nurses to become more assertive in safeguarding patients' rights and to encourage and support lifelong learning remains a major challenge in professional nursing practice. The profession and statutory bodies need to consider how best to enable practising nurses to address these issues. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Examining the perceptions of practising nurses about the professional code is necessary to ensure that the profession is prepared to meet the ever-changing demands and expectations of the public whom it claims to serve.
Avaliação de habilidades de linguagem e pessoal-sociais pelo Teste de Denver II em instituições de educação infantil

Supervisao e promocao do desenvolvimento infantil sao cuidados necessarios as criancas que frequentam creches e pre-escolas. Organizacoes de saude internacionais e nacionais tem sistematizado estrategias para tal, porem nas instituicoes brasileiras estas acoes sao pouco realizadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, pelo segundo ano consecutivo, habilidades das areas de linguagem e pessoal-social de uma coorte de criancas que frequentam 3 creches da cidade de Sao Paulo. METODO: O grupo amostral foi constituido por 30 criancas de 0 a 4 anos, de nivel socio-economico homogeneo segundo instrumento para avaliacao de nivel de pobreza urbana. Segundo este instrumento todas as familias estavam na faixa superior de classificacao. Para avaliacao do desenvolvimento foi usado o Teste de Triagem de Desenvolvimento de Denver II, empregado em dois momentos distintos no primeiro ano de acompanhamento da coorte, e uma vez no segundo ano. RESULTADOS: Na area pessoal-social a melhora foi significante da 1a para a 2a avaliacao, o que nao ocorreu na area de linguagem, ao longo das 3 avaliacoes. No entanto, a partir dos 3 anos de idade as criancas passaram a obter resultados piores. Quanto aos sexos nao houve diferencas significantes nos desempenhos nas duas areas. CONCLUSAO: E possivel que as habilidades das criancas na area pessoal-social tenham sido incrementadas pelas condicoes das instituicoes, o que nao ocorreu na de linguagem. Nao se pode afirmar a causa destes acontecimentos, embora seja intrigante a proporcao adulto/crianca que diminui apos as criancas completarem 3 anos de idade, mas outras pesquisas sao necessarias, inclusive a continuidade desta coorte.
Guidelines in CHARGE syndrome and the missing link: Cranial imaging

“CHARGE syndrome” is a complex syndrome with high and extremely variable comorbidity. As a result, clinicians may struggle to provide accurate and comprehensive care, and this has led to the publication of several clinical surveillance guidelines and recommendations for CHARGE syndrome, based on both single case observations and cohort studies. Here we perform a structured literature review to examine all the existing advice. Our findings provide additional support for the validity of the recently published Trider checklist. We also identified a gap in literature when reviewing all guidelines and recommendations, and we propose a guideline for neuroradiological evaluation of patients with CHARGE syndrome. This is of importance, as patients with CHARGE are at risk for peri‐anesthetic complications, making recurrent imaging procedures under anesthesia a particular risk in clinical practice. However, comprehensive cranial imaging is also of tremendous value for timely diagnosis, proper treatment of symptoms and for further research into CHARGE syndrome. We hope the guideline for neuroradiological evaluation will help clinicians provide efficient and comprehensive care for individuals with CHARGE syndrome.