Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of metal (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) concentrations in soft tissue and shell of Barbatia helblingii (family: Arcidae) from Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf) during winter and spring

Zeinab Ansari , Morvarid Rahimi , Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari b* & Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi c a Department of Marine Biology Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran Department of Environmental sciences, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran. c Young Researchers Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. [Email: riahi@modares.ac. ir]
Nitrogen cycling in sediments of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy

In order to identify the importance of different areas for nitrogen retention in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, undisturbed sediment cores of different origin were collected in late April 1998. The cores were transferred to the laboratory and incubated for denitrification activity using the method of 'nitrogen isotope pairing'. The sampled sediments were collected in a freshwater stream (Stn A)I an intertidal area (Stn B), in an area characterised by Ulva sp. (Stn C) and in an area vegetated by Zostera sp. (Stn D). Stn D was close to the lagoon outlet (mouth) and highly affected by tidal actions. The ambient concentrations of water column nitrate ranged from 132 to 4.4 mu M. The highest denitrification rate was found in the area with the highest concentration of water nitrate, i.e. at Stns A and B, 292 +/- 75 and 204 +/- 52 mu mol m(-2) h(-1), respectively. Sediment denitrification in the areas closer the lagoon outlet was significantly lower, 16 +/- 2 mu mol m(-2) h(-1) at Stn C and 11 +/- 2 mu mol m(-2) h(-1) at Stn D. Oxygen and nitrate consumption, release of ammonium and denitrification in the sediment at Stn B was correlated to the biomass of benthic infauna. About 30% of the denitrification in the B sediment was explained by the presence of benthic infauna. More than 50% of the denitrification in the sediment at Stn D was due to denitrification of nitrate produced by nitrification. (Less)
Within-generation bet hedging: a seductive explanation?

Bet hedging occurs when a single genotype shows a variety of phenotypes in the same environment, and each phenotype is successful only when the particular circumstances to which it is adapted occur. The time scale of between-generation bet hedging ensures that all individuals with a given phenotype suffer the same fate - circumstances such as drought exert homogenous pressure on all members of a population. Under within-generation bet hedging, however, individuals with the same phenotype are subject to heterogeneous selection pressure - predation, for example, will affect some individuals but not others. An important consequence of this difference is that conditions favoring the evolution of within-generation bet hedging are very restricted. While a single lineage may realize increased fitness via within-generation bet hedging, this fitness advantage varies inversely with population size and becomes vanishingly small at even modest population sizes. Although several reviews and analyses have highlighted the differences between these two types of bet hedging, confusion persists regarding their respective definitions and evolutionary justification. Bet hedging is a seductive explanation because most students of evolution are trained to focus on costs and benefits at the individual level, and tend to seek adaptive explanations for individual traits. Although this focus is often successful, it leads us astray in the case of within-generation bet hedging. Only by assessing the fitness effects of a trait in the context of whole populations can one accurately identify traits that can and cannot be favored by within-generation bet hedging.
A Robust Approach to Risk Aversion

We investigate whether the set of Kreps and Porteus (1978) preferences include classes of preferences that are stationary, monotonic and well-ordered in terms of risk aversion. We prove that the class of preferences introduced by Hansen and Sargent (1995) in their robustness analysis is the only one that fulfills these properties. The paper therefore suggests a shift from the traditional approach to studying the role of risk aversion in recursive problems. We also provide applications, in which we discuss the impact of risk aversion on asset pricing and risk sharing.
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: A pediatric case report

Michail et al. in 1957 initially described Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS). [1] In 1963, Rubenstein and Taybi reported on approximately seven cases, which included a group of congenital anomalies consisting of short, broad thumbs and great toes, mental retardation, high-arched palates, particular facial abnormalities, and histories of recurrent respiratory infections. [1] Incidence of the syndrome has been estimated to be in 1/125,000–300,000 individuals. [2] Male and female shows equal incidence. [2-4] RTS shows autosomal dominant mode of inheritance which involves mutations of genes encoding cAMPregulated enhancer binding protein (CREBBP) and E1Abinding protein p300 (EP300). Therefore, for the diagnosis of RTS, genetic tests are useful. [5]
Aquatic Oxygen Uptake of the Freshwater Dual Breathing Featherback, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) in Relation to Body Weight

Oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) through the gills in relation to body weight has been studied in Notopterus notopterus at 24.0±1.0oC under continuous water flow system. With gradual increase in body weight from 5.10 to 122.33 g, the oxygen uptake increased from 1.164-3.975 mlO 2 . h –1 . The log-log plot between the oxygen uptake per unit time and body weight gave a straight line with the slope ‘b’ value of 0.421. The relationship between the two variables was found to be highly significant (r= 0.986; p<0.001). However, the weight specific oxygen uptake decreased from 228.36 to 32.49 with increase in body weight from 5.10 to 122.33 g. A straight line with slope ‘b’ value of -0.629 was obtained when plotted on log-log coordinates, showing a highly significant negative correlation (r= 0.985; p<0.001). DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1. 4320
Growth of Single Crystal Tungsten Nanorods by Oblique Angle Sputter Deposition

We report the creation of single crystal tungsten nanorods with unusual simple cubic βphase. These novel nano-structures were grown by oblique angle sputter deposition with substrate rotation through a shadowing effect. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction patterns from individual nanorods clearly show the single crystal structure. It is evident from TEM diffraction measurements, during the oblique angle deposition, both β-phase W(100) and α-phase W(110) islands exist at the initial stages of growth. However, at later stages of the growth the β-phase structure dominates. This is in contrast to the sputter deposition at normal incidence where only the thermodynamically stable bcc α-phase W(110) polycrystalline films were formed when the film grew to a certain thickness. We explain our results by using the shadowing and adatom mobility mechanisms: At the initial stages of growth, the β-phase W(100) islands grow taller due to the lower adatom mobility on these islands. The taller β-phase W(100) islands survive in the competition during oblique angle growth and form isolated nanorods in the later stages, while the shorter α-phase W(110) islands stop growing due to the shadowing effect. In addition, our Monte Carlo simulation results agree well with the experimental measurements.
Metaphor in Professional Counseling.

Alwin E. Wagener, NCC, is an Adjunct Professor at the University of North Carolina – Charlotte. Correspondence can be addressed to Alwin Wagener, P.O. Box 1443, Black Mountain, NC 28711, alwinwagener@gmail.com. Metaphors are linked to how individuals process information and emotions, and they are important to understand and utilize in counseling. A description of the structure of metaphors and metaphor theory is provided. The role of metaphors in emotional processing is explained, and the process of counseling is tied to the therapeutic usage of metaphors. Building from that information, approaches to using metaphors in counseling are described, and metaphors are divided into client-generated and counselorgenerated categories, with corresponding information on how metaphors can be used in the counseling process. The counseling process is then separated into categories of exploration, insight and action, and descriptions of metaphor usage along with composite case examples are provided for each category to show how incorporating metaphors in clinical practice can be therapeutically beneficial in supporting positive client changes.
A Simple Stochastic Variance Reduced Algorithm with Fast Convergence Rates

Recent years have witnessed exciting progress in the study of stochastic variance reduced gradient methods (e.g., SVRG, SAGA), their accelerated variants (e.g, Katyusha) and their extensions in many different settings (e.g., online, sparse, asynchronous, distributed). Among them, accelerated methods enjoy improved convergence rates but have complex coupling structures, which makes them hard to be extended to more settings (e.g., sparse and asynchronous) due to the existence of perturbation. In this paper, we introduce a simple stochastic variance reduced algorithm (MiG), which enjoys the best-known convergence rates for both strongly convex and non-strongly convex problems. Moreover, we also present its efficient sparse and asynchronous variants, and theoretically analyze its convergence rates in these settings. Finally, extensive experiments for various machine learning problems such as logistic regression are given to illustrate the practical improvement in both serial and asynchronous settings.
Unmasking alpha diversity, cladogenesis and biogeographical patterning in an ancient panarthropod lineage (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae: Opisthopatus cinctipes) with the description of five novel species

Speciation and biogeographical patterning in the velvet worm Opisthopatus cinctipes was examined under a null hypothesis that numerous discrete lineages are nested within the species. A total of 184 O. cinctipes specimens, together with a single specimen of each of the two congeneric point endemic sister species (O. roseus and O. herbertorum), were collected throughout the forest archipelago in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu‐Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. All specimens were sequenced for two partial mitochondrial DNA loci (COI and 12S rRNA), while a single specimen from each locality was sequenced for the nuclear 18S rRNA locus. Evolutionary relationships were assessed using maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inferences, while divergence time estimations were conducted using BEAST. A Bayesian species delimitation approach was undertaken to explore the number of possible novel lineages nested within Opisthopatus, while population genetic structure was examined for the COI locus using ARLEQUIN. Phylogenetic results revealed that O. cinctipes is a species complex comprising seven geographically discrete and statistically well‐supported clades. An independent statistical approach to species delimitations circumscribed ca. 67 species. Results from divergence time estimation and rate constancy tests revealed near constant net diversification occurring throughout the Eocene and Oligocene with subdivision of ranges during the Miocene. Gross morphological characters such as leg pair number within O. cinctipes were invariant, while dorsal and ventral integument colour was highly polymorphic. However, scanning electron microscopy revealed considerable differences both between and within clades. The caveats associated with both morphological and algorithmic delineation of species boundaries are discussed. The five novel Opisthopatus species are described.
foodchem 1 H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics study of different persimmon cultivars ( Diospyros kaki ) during fruit development

H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy was used to track the metabolic changes throughout the whole development of astringent (‘Giombo’) and non-astringent (‘Fuyu’) cultivars of persimmon (Diospyros kaki). The NMR data revealed the low concentration of amino acids (threonine, alanine, citrulline and GABA) and organic acids (malic acid). In addition, the signals of carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose and fructose) seemed to play the most important role in the fruit development. In both cultivars, the growth was characterized by fluctuating sucrose concentration along with a constant increase in both glucose and fructose. In the initial growth stage, the polyphenol composition was quite different between the cultivars. Gallic acid was detected throughout the growth of ‘Giombo’, while for ‘Fuyu’, signals of polyphenols disappeared over time. Additional multivariate analysis suggested that these cultivars share many metabolic similarities during development. These findings might help the comprehension of fruit development, which in turn, impacts the quality of the fruits. 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Enhanced Temperature‐Humidity Similarity Caused by Entrainment Processes With Increased Wind Shear

A number of studies already suggested that entrainment of warm/dry air from aloft degrades the similarity between air temperature (T) and specific humidity (q) in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). Less is known about entrainment of cool/dry air on the ASL T‐q similarity. Using eddy covariance measurements over a large inland water surface, enhanced T‐q similarity with increased friction velocity (u*) was measured during daytime unstable conditions. Explaining this enhancement is the main goal of this work. Cool/dry air masses originating and advecting from land set the upper boundary condition on a quasi‐equilibrated internal boundary layer embedding the warm/moist ASL over water. With increased u*, the entrainment velocity (dhI/dt ∝ u*) increases, thereby enhancing entrainment of cool/dry air originating from land, where t is time and hI is the internal boundary layer depth. By analyzing the scale‐dependent (spectral) correlation coefficients, the enhanced T‐q similarity with increased u* was shown to originate from spectral correlation coefficients in the middle‐ to low‐frequency ranges (large eddies ≫ z, the distance from the surface). With further increases in u*, similarity between T and q within large eddies was further enhanced and phase differences between T and q was reduced. Quadrant analysis showed large increases in flux and time fractions of downward large cool/dry eddies with increasing u*. These results provide evidence that enhanced entrainment of synchronized, large cool/dry eddies was a primary cause for the increased T‐q similarity with increasing u*.
Bracing According to Best Practice Standards – Are the Results Repeatable?

Background: As has been demonstrated before bracing concepts in use today for the treatment of scoliosis include symmetric and asymmetric hard braces usually made of polyethylene (PE) and soft braces. The plaster cast method worldwide seems to be the most practiced technique for the construction of hard braces at the moment. CAD/ CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems are available which allow brace adjustments without plaster. As in the Ukraine the CAD/CAM technology is not affordable, we have tried to build our hand made braces according to this standard via cast modelling. Aim of this study is to compare in-brace corrections of our brace built according to Best Practice Cheneau standards by hand with the published results available in literature on Cheneau braces. In-brace correction and compliance clearly determine the outcome of bracing. Therefore the inbrace correction is one of the most important parameters to estimate brace quality. Materials and methods: In-brace correction and compliance clearly determine the outcome of bracing. Therefore the in-brace correction is one of the most important parameters to estimate brace quality. We have been looking at the results achieved in our department after having been trained in the construction, adjustment and use of Best Practice CAD/CAM Cheneau braces. All braces (of 207 patients) made between January 2009 and December 2010 have been reviewed for in-brace correction. As not all of the patients were in the normal range of brace indication, (Cobb 20-45°; age 10-14 years) we have been looking for the appropriate subset from our database fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: Girls only; diagnosis of an Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS); Cobb 20-45°; age 10-14 years). Results: 92 Patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (Cobb 20-45°; age 10-14 years). Average Cobb angle was 29.2° (SD 6), Average in-brace Cobb angle was 12.8° (SD 6.2). In-brace correction in the whole sample was 56%. Conclusion: After appropriate training the experienced CPO is able to provide a hand made standard of braces comparable to the recent CAD/CAM standard of bracing. In principle the results may be repeatable. Further studies on our hand made series of braces are necessary (1) to evaluate brace comfort and (2) effectiveness using the SRS inclusion criteria.
The effect of dietary linseed oils with different fatty acid pattern on the content of fatty acids in chicken meat

Effects of 1, 3, 5 or 7% of linseed oil in the diet on the content of fatty acids in breast and thigh meat were studied in broiler chickens. Oils made either of seeds of the linseed cultivar Atalante (A) with a high content of α-linolenic acid or of the cultivar Lola (L) with a predominating content of linoleic acid were fed from 25 to 40 days of age. When feeding A, the contents of all n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosatrie - noic acid, were significantly higher, those of n-6 PUFA were lower, and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was narrower (P < 0.001) than when L was fed. The narrowest n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio was observed at the content 36 g of α- linolenic acid (58 g A) per kg of the diet while the widest one at 2 g of α-linolenic acid (70 g L) per kg of the diet. When using L, the increasing level of linoleic acid in feed was associated with significantly increasing levels of all n-6 PUFA in meat. The content of all n-3 PUFA increased after the application of oil A, but the dependence for eicosapentaenoic acid in thigh meat was expressed significantly more precisely by the second degree parabola with the maximum at the level of 37 mg of α-linolenic acid and for clupanodonic and docosahexaenoic acids by para - bolas with maxima at the level of α-linolenic acid in the diet 41 g and 30 g for breast meat and 35 g and 27 g for thigh meat, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of α -linolenic acid in the feed
Food consumption rates of piscivorous brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) foraging on contrasting coregonid prey

Knowledge of predator–prey dynamics is essential to understand ecosystem functioning. Quantification of such interactions is important for fisheries management, in particular in the case of stocking programmes. Here, food consumption rates (FCR) were quantified for wild and stocked piscivorous brown trout, Salmo trutta L. , in three subarctic lakes with contrasting coregonid (Coregonus spp.) prey communities, using the Wisconsin and the Elliott– Hurley bioenergetic models. FCR was highest for stocked brown trout in lakes with the lowest predator densities, and lowest for wild brown trout. Although FCR estimate may vary somewhat depending on the specific model used, such tools are imperative for the proper impact assessment of brown trout stocking programmes and for the provision of advice on optimal stocking densities. K E Y W O R D S : Elliott model, population dynamics, predator-prey dynamics, vendace, whitefish morphs, Wisconsin model. Correspondence: Hallvard Jensen, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Arctic Agriculture and Land Use Division, P. O. Box 2284, N-9269 Tromsø, Norway (e-mail: hallvard.jensen@bioforsk.no) © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd doi: 10.1111/fme.12126 Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2015 1 Fisheries Management and Ecology
Ontogenetic change of prey preference in the generalist predator Zelus renardii and its influence on predator–predator interactions

1. Two field experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the intensity of predation by a generalist predator on two species of prey changes with the developmental stage of the predator. The generalist predator studied was Zelus renardii Kolenati (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and the prey were the lacewing larva, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.
Insight into the eigenmodes of plasmonic nanoclusters based on the Green’s tensor method

Assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles possess exotic properties that are used in numerous applications. Their efficiency for specific applications strongly depends on the modes supported by the structure. In this paper, we extend the Green’s tensor formalism to compute the eigenmodes of an assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles. Using the developed technique, we investigate the specific cases of a nanoparticle monomer, dimer, and trimer. The influence of various geometrical parameters and of symmetry breaking on the eigenmodes of the assemblies is studied in detail, as well as the illumination conditions required to excite specific eigenmodes.
Effect of Nanoparticles Size and Concentration on Thermal and Rheological Properties of AL2O3-Water Nanofluids

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the thermal and rheological properties of various suspensions of AL2O3 in deionized water. Tests were carried out using nanoparticles with average diameters of 5 and 50 nm for suspensions concentration ranging from 0 to 40% by mass. Tests reveal that alumina nanofluids thermal conductivity increases with the increase in operating temperature and in suspensions concentration, but decreases with the increase in nanoparticles diameter. Also, fluids with 5 nm particles exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics of shear thinning fluids. This behaviour intensifies as the suspensions concentration increases. However, fluids with 50 nm particles behave as shear thickening fluids. This behaviour does not seem to be altered by the increase in suspensions concentration. Tests also reveal that alumina nanofluids viscosity increases with the increase in the suspensions concentration. For fluids with 5 nm particles, viscosity is shown to increase with the increase in the operating temperature, but for fluids with 50 nm particles it is shown to decrease with the increase in temperature.
Pain Management by Retrobulbar Alcohol Injection in Blind Painful Eyes Due to Late-Stage Neovascular Glaucoma

Results: The pre-injection median VAS score was 9.00±0.61 with no difference between the two groups. On post-injection day 1, no difference was found in the median VAS scores between the two groups, although significant intergroup differences appeared at 1 and 6 months. Seven patients with VAS scores ≥5 in the follow-up were given additional injections. Four patients whose pain was not relieved after three injections underwent evisceration after 6 months. The median VAS scores were significantly lower in all patients at 12 months compared with the baseline. No difference was observed in the median VAS scores between the groups at the final follow-up. Complications included ptosis in five eyes and severe conjunctival chemosis in nine eyes.