Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Success Rates Using Video Laryngoscopy Versus Direct Laryngoscopy by Residents During a Simulated Pediatric Emergency

Objective Emergency airway situations are relatively rare events in pediatrics with most graduating residents having little exposure to intubate. Newer video technology offers the promise of reducing complications associated with intubation. This study proposes that video laryngoscopy (VL) should aid less skilled residents to intubate an infant mannequin with greater success and speed as compared with traditional direct laryngoscopy (DL). Methods Pediatric (PED) and emergency medicine (EM) residents were randomized in a prospective controlled study. A standard respiratory failure scenario was conducted using SimBaby with an uncomplicated airway. Residents who inadvertently performed esophageal intubation were made aware as part of the scenario and allowed to reattempt until successful. Results Sixty-nine residents voluntarily participated, 49% EM and 51% PED. Seven subjects in the DL group required multiple attempts (21%), compared with 6 subjects in the VL group (17%) (P = 0.718). Median time to intubation was 30 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI], 19–41 seconds) for DL and 39 seconds (95% CI, 36–42 seconds) for VL (P = 0.111). Comparison of programs revealed a 77% PED success rate versus 85% EM success rate (P = 0.578) and median time to intubation of 38 seconds (95% CI, 31–45 seconds) for PED compared with 32 seconds (95% CI, 23–41 seconds) for EM residents (P = 0.316). In a subanalysis, subjects successful at first attempt revealed a 13-second median difference (DL, 23 seconds [95% CI, 18–28 seconds] vs. VL, 36 seconds [95% CI, 29–43 seconds; P = 0.01). Conclusions In a simulated respiratory failure scenario involving residents, VL provided no additional success over DL with slightly longer time to intubation.
The impact of nursing innovations in the context of governance and incentives

This discursive paper is a structured analysis of four completed national and regional studies carried out in the UK. It sets out retrospectively to explore the impact of key contextual, professional and personal features and mechanisms on innovation and outcomes in nursing and the extent to which these are common or diverge across the studies (cases). As successive governments across the world turn their attention to developing nursing as a means of increasing productivity and effectiveness in health care, there is a need for evidence to inform workforce policy and planning about the circumstances that enable positive levers and mechanisms, which influence outcomes to operate. This analysis takes advantage of recent conceptual work on organisational governance and incentives by asking new questions of established data to illuminate our understanding of the pathway to innovation in nursing. Data from the four evaluations (cases) were aggregated and explored thematically within Davies et al.’s framework (Studying health care organisations — links between governance, incentives and outcomes: a review of the literature. Report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R&D (NCCSDO). http://www.sdo. nihr.ac. uk/files/project/66-final-report.pdf, 2005) of governance, incentives and outcomes. The themes were grouped into three categories: contextual, professional and personal, and interrogated by inter-researcher scrutiny. Taking account of the limitations of comparing studies carried out for different purposes and in different policy circumstances, there are compelling messages emerging about the organisational support, professional leadership and factors that motivate change and innovation in nursing. The analysis suggests that separating governance from incentives oversimplifies what is a complex interplay between organisational governance and the professional and personal enabling factors supporting innovation. The nature of these relationships deserves further study.
Through the Eyes of Students: Ethical Tensions in Occupational Therapy Practice

Background. Many researchers have expressed concerns about ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice; yet little research has considered this topic from the perspective of students. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of ethical tensions witnessed or experienced by occupational therapy students during practice education. Method. A phenomenological approach was used, and in-depth interviews were conducted at a Canadian university with 25 occupational therapy students. Findings. Four major themes emerged from analysis of the data. These include systemic constraints, conflicting values, witnessing questionable behaviour, and failure to speak up. Implications. The findings of this study raise awareness about ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice witnessed or experienced by students. Critical reflection on the findings highlights implications for professional practice and education and points to the need for further research, particularly in the area of policy and practice.
Comparison of Crop Rotation and Fallow for Management of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne spp . in Soybean

The effects of cropping systems (fallow, rotation with sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense], and continuous soybean [Glycine max]), nematicide (aldicarb) treatment, and soybean cultivar on yield and nematode population densities were studied in a field infested with a mixture of Meloidog'yne spp. and Heterodera glycines. Soybean following sorghum-sudangrass yielded 111 kg/ha more than soybean following fallow and 600 kg/ha more than continuous soybean. Aldicarb treatment increased yield by 428 kg/ha, regardless of previous crop. Cultivars interacted significantly with nematicide treatment and previous crop with respect to yield. Sorghum-sudangrass reduced numbers of Meloidogyne spp. compared with fallow and continuous soybean, but cropping system did not affect H. glycines numbers. The cultivar × previous crop and cultivar × nematicide interactions were significant for numbers of Meloidogyne spp. and H. glycines. We concluded that sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and fallow are effective in reducing yield losses caused by mixed populations of Meloidogyne and H. glycines. Highest yields were obtained using crop rotation and cultivars with the highest levels of resistance to both nematodes.
Effect of US contrast agents on spectral velocities: in vitro evaluation.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of ultrasonographic (US) contrast agents on measurements of peak velocity with spectral Doppler US in stenotic and nonstenotic flow states. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nonpulsatile flow was established in a flow phantom with 0%, 50%, 75%, and 90% stenoses. SH U 508A, perflenapent emulsion, and perfluorohexane emulsion were the contrast agents evaluated. Before and after administration of each contrast agent, two peak velocity measurements obtained proximal to, at the site of, and distal to the stenosis in each vessel model were averaged. The percentage difference in peak velocity after contrast agent administration was calculated for each site interrogated. The mean, SD, and coefficient of variation of the percentage difference in peak velocity were calculated. RESULTS Percentage differences in peak velocity after contrast agent administration at different sample volume sites were not significantly different irrespective of the degree of stenosis or the contrast agent evaluated. CONCLUSION The contrast agents evaluated do not produce a statistically significant increase in peak velocity. If this result is corroborated in clinical practice, contrast agents can be used without reevaluating existing Doppler US thresholds for stenosis.
Is the Nairu Theory a Monetarist, New Keynesian, Post Keynesian or a Marxist Theory?

The NAIRU (non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment) theory has become the mainstream theory in explaining unemployment in Europe and is often used to justify demands for a cutback of the welfare state, such as reducing unemployment benefits. Close inspection reveals that it, perhaps surprisingly, shares some arguments with Post Keynesian and even Marxist theory. The paper proposes an underdetermined, encompassing NAIRU model, which is consistent with several theoretical traditions. Depending on the closure with respect to demand formation and determination of the NAIRU itself, the model allows for New Keynesian, Post Keynesian and Marxist results.
The Distribution Mix For Tourism Attractions in Rotorua, New Zealand

Based on in-depth interviews with 20 providers, this article-examines the distribution mix for tourism attractions in Rotorua, a major New Zealand destination. It seeks to establish the balance between direct and indirect distribution channels, to identify the different forms of distribution involved, and to examine the factors influencing their use. The distribution mix was found to be very mixed, the percentage of direct sales ranging from 95% to 20%. Little systematic variation was evident, with the exception of an inverse relationship between the percentage of direct sales and the proportion of business from group tours. Variation was also found in the structure of direct and indirect channels and in the reasons given for using each of these. Factors influencing the overall distribution mix include the segments targeted, the characteristics of the attractions, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of different channels with respect to yield, control, and seasonality.
MR Perfusion-derived Hemodynamic Parametric Response Mapping of Bevacizumab Efficacy in Recurrent Glioblastoma.

PURPOSE To better understand the effect of bevacizumab therapy on tumor blood flow and oxygenation status in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective data evaluation was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (ethics approval number, S-320/2012), and informed consent was waived. A total of 71 patients who received a diagnosis of recurrent glioblastoma underwent conventional anatomic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast material-enhanced MR imaging at baseline and at the first follow-up examination after initiation of bevacizumab therapy. Parametric response maps (PRMs) were created with multistep (nonlinear) registration of patients' post- to pretreatment images and voxel-wise subtraction between Gaussian-normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV) and Gaussian-normalized relative cerebral blood flow (nrCBF) maps. Intratumor voxels were stratified as being increased (PRM[+]) or decreased (PRM[-]) if they exceeded a threshold that represented the 95% confidence interval in the normal-appearing brain. Correlation with progression-free and overall survival was performed with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The risks for disease progression and death significantly increased with (a) higher baseline nrCBV (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.86, P < .01; HR = 1.52, P < .01) and nrCBF (HR = 1.78, P < .01; HR = 1.86, P < .01) values and (b) higher PRM(-) of nrCBV (HR = 1.03, P = .01; HR = 1.02, P = .03) and nrCBF (HR = 1.04, P < .01; HR = 1.03, P < .01), but not with higher PRM(+) of nrCBV and nrCBF, and not for the relative change in mean nrCBV and nrCBF, confirming the superiority of the PRM approach. The magnitude of PRM(-) for both nrCBV and nrCBF significantly increased for higher baseline values (P < .01). CONCLUSION Pretreatment hemodynamic parameters are the principal determinant of response to bevacizumab therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Although the magnitude of PRM(-) is a function of the corresponding pretreatment parameter, the finding of higher PRM(-) and a lack of change in PRM(+) in nonresponders to bevacizumab therapy implies that tumors with a high degree of angiogenesis before bevacizumab therapy retain a higher level of angiogenesis during therapy, despite a greater antiangiogenic effect of bevacizumab, such that a reversal of the biologic behavior and relative prognosis of these tumors does not occur.
Obesity adversely affects survival in pancreatic cancer patients

Higher body‐mass index (BMI) has been implicated as a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer, but its effect on survival has not been thoroughly investigated. The authors assessed the association of BMI with survival in a sample of pancreatic cancer patients and used epidemiologic and clinical information to understand the contribution of diabetes and hyperglycemia.
Persuasive impact of online media: investigating the influence of visual persuasion

In spite of the rising attention given to persuasive design, little is known about the effect of visual persuasion in the online context, specifically in the context of human-computer communication. This research describes an experiment designed to compare the effectiveness of persuasive visual design against a plain website designed with similar web design characteristics in terms of informativeness, usability and visual aesthetic. The design of the persuasive website is extended with specific visual persuasion to encourage engagement, credibility, reciprocity, commitment, liking, social proof, authority, and scarcity. Empirical evidence shows that there are significant differences in perceived satisfaction, credibility and behavioural intention between the users who surf the non-persuasive website and the users who surf the persuasive website. The result suggested that persuasive visual design could have a positive impact on users' motivation and behavioural intention. Thus, it is proposed that further investigation should be done to understand the moderation and mediation that could take effect on persuasion processes and outcomes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Riemerella anatipestifer Reference Strain

ABSTRACT Riemerella anatipestifer is an infectious pathogen causing serositis in ducks. We had the genome of the R. anatipestifer reference strain ATCC 11845 sequenced. The completed draft genome consists of one circular chromosome with 2,164,087 bp. There are 2,101 genes in the draft, and its GC content is 35.01%.
Prerequisites for carrying out physiotherapy and physical activity – experiences from adults with cerebral palsy

Purpose. The aim of this study was to get a deeper understanding into how adults with cerebral palsy (CP) experience physiotherapy and physical activity in a perspective from childhood to adulthood; and how personal and environmental factors influence possibilities for physiotherapy and physical activity. Method. Data was collected through interviews with 22 community-living adults (35 – 68 years) with CP, from five counties in Sweden. The questions were open-ended and the interviews were taped and transcribed to written language. The material was analysed through qualitative content analysis, a classification process resulting in different themes. Results. The narratives from the 22 informants, based on experiences from childhood to adulthood, resulted in a description of prerequisites for carrying out physiotherapy and physical activity. Five different themes were identified: (i) Being enjoyable, (ii) Giving effects, (iii) Being comprehensible, (iv) Being integrated in daily life, and (v) Supportive healthcare with competent professionals. Conclusion. The information from the interviews elucidates the importance of a lifelong support from healthcare professionals. Physiotherapists with attentiveness to different life situations in combination with good understanding and knowledge in CP could facilitate continuous physical activity in people growing up and ageing with CP.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CARTILAGE DEFECTS AS DETECTED WITH MRI AND X-RAY SPIKING OF TIBIAL TUBERCLES IN OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEES

Objective: To ascertain whether spiking of the tibial tubercles is associated with cartilage defects as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint patients. Methodology: The study was performed on 76 knees of 47 patients with symptomatic tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) OA and 31 apparently normal knees of 16 volunteers as a control group. Angulation of the tip of the medial and lateral tubercles and the height of the tubercles above the tibial plateau were measured on a standard anteroposterior radiograph of the knee joint. Cartilage defects in the tibiofemoral joint were determined with MRI examination. Results: The lengthening and sharpening of the angles of the tubercles were significantly more prominent in patients than controls. A strong association was found between angulation (if less than 70 ° ) and especially the height (if more than 0.16) of the medial tibial spike and MRI-detected cartilage defects in the medial tibiofemoral compartment. The predictive value of the spiking of tibial tubercles for MRI-detected cartilage defects in TFJ was related to the degree and size of spiking. Conclusion: The presence of tibial spiking itself may not be a reliable sign of early OA.
Strategic Choice and Organisational Context in HRM in the UK Hotel Sector

Human resource management in the UK hotel industry is typically held to be informal, instrumental and associated with poor employment relations. Some studies, however, have identified incidences of more formal, high-commitment HRM indicating greater diversity in employment practices. Using original research undertaken in south-west England, this article examines this diversity and the influence of organisational context in the formation of HRM strategy. By identifying patterns of employee relations practice it is possible to examine the influence of market factors and establishment size and the extent to which there is scope for strategic choice in HRM. The research indicates that whilst larger hotels operating in stable product markets might be more likely to display formal or strategic approaches to employee relations compared to the industry as a whole, this sub-sector still appears significantly divided in the extent to which managers feel able, willing or compelled to invest in associated practices.
House Rules: Institutional Choice and United States Trade Negotiations

International bargaining depends not only on the negotiators but also on the domestic political system in which they find themselves. Knowing this, countries often change domestic political institutions to influence the outcomes of international negotiations and/or to shape the domestic distributional consequences of those negotiations. This institutional change generally occurs in an already-rich institutional environment, where many different actors must jointly agree to modify existing institutions. To examine these, this paper develops a thirteen-actor model of U.S. trade policy institutions over the past century. Whereas the existing literature emphasizes the role of the median legislator in delegating to or constraining the executive, I find that changes in nonmedian procedural actors drive institutional reform in trade policy. Some of these procedural actors do not have veto authority and yet they play decisive roles, taking this analysis beyond veto player theory. The president can sometimes present these procedural actors with a choice that they can only make in a way favorable to him. As a result, small changes in the relative preferences of different nonmedian actors, such as the House Rules Committee or the key filibuster member of the Senate, can lead to large policy or institutional changes. These make a big difference in bargaining outcomes involving the United States and dramatically restrict the bargaining leeway enjoyed by negotiators.
Endotension in an experimental aneurysm model.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to design an experimental model of endotension and to investigate whether attachment site failure without endoleak results in higher aneurysm sac pressure (ASP). METHODS Infrarenal aortic aneurysms were created in canines with an elliptical knitted polyester patch. Pressure transducers were inserted into the aneurysm. Group I (n = 4) underwent endovascular stent graft exclusion of the aneurysm. An attachment site failure was formed in group II (n = 5) before aneurysm exclusion. ASP measurements were obtained for 3 weeks, and the ratio of mean ASP to mean systemic blood pressure (ASP/BP) was calculated. Before explant, norepinephrine was administered and ASPs were recorded at varying systemic pressures. Stent graft cuff exclusion of the attachment site failure was performed in group II. RESULTS Intraoperative arteriography and duplex ultrasonagraphy did not reveal an endoleak in either group. ASP/BP in group I was 0.39 +/- 0.02 compared with 1.01 +/- 0.02 in group II (P <.001). Mean systemic pressure varied from 55 to 177 mm Hg after norepinephrine administration. Within this interval, ASP/BP was 0.51 +/- 0.10 in group I compared with 0.91 +/- 0.10 in group II (P <.001). ASP/BP before cuff deployment in group II was 0.98 +/- 0.08 compared with 0.46 +/- 0.04 after cuff deployment (P <.001). CONCLUSION Systemic pressure is transmitted to the aneurysm sac through an attachment site failure, despite no endoleak, resulting in endotension. Cuff exclusion of the attachment site failure decreases ASP. ASP may help determine the need for future intervention after endovascular aneurysm repair.
An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Public Sector Size and Economic Growth in Turkey

Armey Curve, propounded by Richard Armey, is one of the tools that developed to demonstrate the role of the state in the economic process. The basic logic behind the Armey Curve is that the relationship between public spending and gross domestic product (GDP) is positive up to a certain point, thereafter the relationship becomes negative. According to Friedman (1997), the government has an important role in a free and open society. It is emphasized that, average contribution of the public sector in the economy is positive, but as the public share of national income increases from 15% to 50% the marginal contribution of the public sector will be negative. Therefore, Friedman advocates that based on development level of countries, the optimal level of public spending should be between 15% and 50%. In this article, Friedman’s hypothesis is tested for Turkish economy using the data of the period 1975-2010 by the help of econometric timeseries analysis, and Armey Curve is evaluated whether it is valid for total public expenditure and expenditure components or not. Empirical findings confirmed that there is a relationship as "inverse U" between economic growth and other expenditure components except public investment expenditure. Moreover, the optimal level of total public expenditure for Turkish economy is calculated as 16% of GDP. This ratio is below the level of 26.6% which is the ratio of 2010 public expenditure to GDP. In this case, one of the macroeconomic policy proposals can be the reduction of the public expenditures in Turkish economy.
Success and failure in advanced manufacturing technology

The results of a study of success and failure in advanced manufacturing technology are reported. The author argues that success comes in two stages: technical success and business success (realization of the full benefits). The research found that technical success is not sufficient for the realization of business success. The study also found that outright failure was rare; but that companies often failed to achieve all the benefits. It concluded that the full benefits of advanced manufacturing technology are achievable, but many companies have yet to achieve them.