Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is a Full Recovery Possible after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) leads to a decrease in symptoms and disabilities. There is controversy about the nature of the change following treatment; some suggest that patients improve by learning to adapt to a chronic condition, others think that recovery is possible. The objective of this study was to find out whether recovery from CFS is possible after CBT. Methods: The outcome of a cohort of 96 patients treated for CFS with CBT was studied. The definition of recovery was based on the absence of the criteria for CFS set up by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), but also took into account the perception of the patients’ fatigue and their own health. Data from healthy population norms were used in calculating conservative thresholds for recovery. Results: After treatment, 69% of the patients no longer met the CDC criteria for CFS. The percentage of recovered patients depended on the criteria used for recovery. Using the most comprehensive definition of recovery, 23% of the patients fully recovered. Fewer patients with a co-morbid medical condition recovered. Conclusion: Significant improvement following CBT is probable and a full recovery is possible. Sharing this information with patients can raise the expectations of the treatment, which may enhance outcomes without raising false hopes.
Effect of Weeding Frequencies on Growth and Yield of Two Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) Varieties under Rain Fed

Fields experiments were conducted at North Kordofan state, Sudan, on naturally infested fields within the same area, using three similar fields during 2008/2009 rainy season, to determine optimal weeding frequency for weeding management in two widely used cultivated varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L, (Elrahad and Elfashir). The weeding (hand hoeing) treatments consisted of four levels (no weeding, weeding once (at 2weeks), weeding twice (at 2 and 3 weeks) and weeding three times (at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after sowing). Weeding three times at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after sowing was optimal for plant height, leaf area index, number of branches, number of calyces per plant, calyx diameter and. calyces yield per unit area. Elfahsir variety was a superior in all frequencies of weeding. The land used was dominated by Cenchrus biflours L.
A silly expression: Consultants’ implicit and explicit understanding of Medical Humanities. A qualitative analysis

The term Medical Humanities has still not been established in the wider medical, educational and academic communities. This qualitative study, conducted across three acute care trusts, is an exploration of whether clinicians were familiar with the term Medical Humanities, and if so, what the term meant to them and whether they considered the associated concepts relevant to medical practice and education. Reactions to the term Medical Humanities were varied: many clinicians had not heard of the term before, some were unsure what it meant, others displayed mistrust or contempt for it. Explicit definitions that were elicited were categorised (inductively) according to three main approaches to the understanding of Medical Humanities: Humanistic-holistic, Humanities-medicine seperate and Intellectual exercise. Findings indicate that the lack of clarity about the term Medical Humanities among experienced healthcare professionals, contrasts with their sophisticated implicit knowledge of key issues frequently associated with Medical Humanities. Thus, while some clinicians could not define Medical Humanities and some definitions separated humanities from medicine, all clinicians implicitly acknowledged the importance of Medical Humanities issues within their clinical and teaching practices during conversations prior to any mention of the term. It appears that clinicians as role models for medical students can inadvertently convey an ambivalent position towards the Medical Humanities that encompass the very values and attitudes they are trying to inculcate, sending out mixed messages to the novices.
Review Paper: Three Decades of Research on Computer Applications in Health Care: Medical Informatics Support at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and its predecessor organizations-collectively referred to here as AHRQ-have a productive history of funding research and development in the field of medical informatics, with grant investments since 1968 totaling $107 million. Many computerized interventions that are commonplace today, such as drug interaction alerts, had their genesis in early AHRQ initiatives. This review provides a historical perspective on AHRQ investment in medical informatics research. It shows that grants provided by AHRQ resulted in achievements that include advancing automation in the clinical laboratory and radiology, assisting in technology development (computer languages, software, and hardware), evaluating the effectiveness of computer-based medical information systems, facilitating the evolution of computer-aided decision making, promoting computer-initiated quality assurance programs, backing the formation and application of comprehensive data banks, enhancing the management of specific conditions such as HIV infection, and supporting health data coding and standards initiatives. Other federal agencies and private organizations have also supported research in medical informatics, some earlier and to a greater degree than AHRQ. The results and relative roles of these related efforts are beyond the scope of this review.
A Boltzmann model for rod alignment and schooling fish

We consider a Boltzmann model introduced by Bertin, Droz and Grégoire as a binary interaction model of the Vicsek alignment interaction. This model considers particles lying on the circle. Pairs of particles interact by trying to reach their mid-point (on the circle) up to some noise. We study the equilibria of this Boltzmann model and we rigorously show the existence of a pitchfork bifurcation when a parameter measuring the inverse of the noise intensity crosses a critical threshold. The analysis is carried over rigorously when there are only finitely many non-zero Fourier modes of the noise distribution. In this case, we can show that the critical exponent of the bifurcation is exactly 1/2. In the case of an infinite number of non-zero Fourier modes, a similar behavior can be formally obtained thanks to a method relying on integer partitions first proposed by Ben-Naïm and Krapivsky.
High performance 77 GHz Single Pole Triple Throw (SP3T) MEMS switch

The design of a MEMS continuous ground Single-Pole-Triple-Throw (SP3T) switch that forms an integral part of a MEMS based radar working in the 77 GHz range has been presented. The SP3T RF MEMS switch incorporates 1 input port and 3 output ports. The design is based on electrostatically actuated cantilever beams and unlike other designs, uses a continuous ground that eliminate the effects of coupling capacitance between the ports and the ground. The HFSS simulation results show that at 77 GHz, the switch exhibits a return loss of better than 22 dB, insertion loss of 0.65 dB and an isolation of 15 dB among the ON and OFF ports. The switch is to be used for rapid switching of oscillator signals among the beam ports of a MEMS Rotman lens to realize a highly directional beam for position and proximity determination of vehicles or obstacles in an automotive collision avoidance system.
Comparison of the Interactions of Aminopyralid vs. Clopyralid with Soil

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to compare the soil adsorption of aminopyralid and clopyralid with the use of batch-slurry and centrifugation assays. The calculated soil binding constants for both herbicides varied between the two techniques, but the centrifugation assay had a lower coefficient of variation compared to the batch-slurry assay. These results indicate that a centrifugation assay is a more accurate procedure for measuring the interaction of aminopyralid and clopyralid with soils. Aminopyralid adsorbed more tightly than clopyralid to six of the eight soils tested. Adsorption Kd values ranged from 0.083 to 0.364 for clopyralid and 0.106 to 0.697 for aminopyralid. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that binding of both herbicides was highly correlated to soil organic matter and texture but not to soil pH. On average, soil thin-layer chromatography indicated that aminopyralid was less mobile (Rf = 0.82) than clopyralid (Rf = 0.91), although both were mobile. These results suggest that aminopyralid will have a lower leaching potential than clopyralid. Lower potential aminopyralid soil leaching, coupled with low use rates, suggests it may be the herbicide of choice in areas where potential for leaching could be a concern. Nomenclature: Aminopyralid; clopyralid.
Cytotoxic drugs in drinking water: A prediction and risk assessment exercise for the thames catchment in the United Kingdom

Cytotoxic, also known as antineoplastic, drugs remain an important weapon in the fight against cancer. This study considers the water quality implications for the Thames catchment (United Kingdom) arising from the routine discharge of these drugs after use, down the drain and into the river. The review focuses on 13 different cytotoxic drugs from the alkylating agent, antimetabolite, and anthracycline antibiotic families. A geographic‐information‐system‐based water quality model was used in the present study. The model was informed by literature values on consumption, excretion, and fate data to predict raw drinking water concentrations at the River Thames abstraction points at Farmoor, near Oxford, and Walton, in West London. To discover the highest plausible values, upper boundary values for consumption and excretion together with lower removal values for sewage treatment were used. The raw drinking water cytotoxic drug maximum concentrations at Walton (the higher of the two) representative of mean and low flow conditions were predicted to be 11 and 20 ng/L for the five combined alkylating agents, 2 and 4 ng/L for the three combined antimetabolites, and 0.05 and 0.10 ng/L the for two combined anthracycline antibiotics, respectively. If they were to escape into tap water, then the highest predicted concentrations would still be a factor of between 25 and 40 below the current recommended daily doses of concern. Although the risks may be negligible for healthy adults, more concern may be associated with special subgroup populations, such as pregnant women, their fetuses, and breast‐feeding infants, due to their developmental vulnerability.
Endocytosis of the Aspartic Acid/Glutamic Acid Transporter Dip5 Is Triggered by Substrate-Dependent Recruitment of the Rsp5 Ubiquitin Ligase via the Arrestin-Like Protein Aly2

ABSTRACT Endocytosis of nutrient transporters is stimulated under various conditions, such as elevated nutrient availability. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, endocytosis is triggered by ubiquitination of transporters catalyzed by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. However, how the ubiquitination is accelerated under certain conditions remains obscure. Here we demonstrate that closely related proteins Aly2/Art3 and Aly1/Art6, which are poorly characterized members of the arrestin-like protein family, mediate endocytosis of the aspartic acid/glutamic acid transporter Dip5. In aly2Δ cells, Dip5 is stabilized at the plasma membrane and is not endocytosed efficiently. Efficient ubiquitination of Dip5 is dependent on Aly2. aly1Δ cells also show deficiency in Dip5 endocytosis, although less remarkably than aly2Δ cells. Aly2 physically interacts in vivo with Rsp5 at its PY motif and also with Dip5, thus serving as an adaptor linking Rsp5 with Dip5 to achieve Dip5 ubiquitination. Importantly, the interaction between Aly2 and Dip5 is accelerated in response to elevated aspartic acid availability. This result indicates that the regulation of Dip5 endocytosis is accomplished by dynamic recruitment of Rsp5 via Aly2.
Association between SLCO1B1 521 T＞C and 388 A＞G Polymorphisms and Statins Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis.

AIM Previous studies on the association between the SLCO1B1 521 T＞C and 388 A＞G polymorphisms and statin effectiveness have been inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive estimation of this issue. METHODS Multiple electronic literatues databases were searched on March 5th 2014. A quality assessment was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. A meta-analysis, sub-group analysis, sensitivity analysis (RevMan 5.2), publication bias measuring and meta-regression analysis were conducted utilizing the Stata software program (version 12.0). RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included in the final meta-analysis, which included 7,079 participants. Overall, there was no statistically significant association in the four genetic models of hypolipidemic effect. For the 521 T＞C polymorphism, significant associations were found for the long-term effectiveness of lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and in non-Asian populations in the dominant model [(CC＋TC vs. TT: mean difference (MD)=1.44, 95% CI: 0.25-2.64,p=0.02) and (CC＋TC vs. TT: MD=1.38, 95% CI: 0.28-2.49, p=0.01)], the recessive model [(CC vs. TT＋TC: MD=3.31, 95% CI: 0.09-6.54, p=0.04) and (CC vs. TT＋TC: MD=2.83, 95% CI: 0.26-5.41, p=0.03)], and the homozygote comparison [(CC vs. TT: MD=3.68, 95% CI: 0.42-6.94,p=0.03) and (CC vs. TT: MD=3.33, 95% CI: 0.67-5.99, p=0.01)], respectively. There were no significant differences for the other analyses of the 521 T＞C polymorphism or all the analyses of the 388 A＞G polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The overall results suggest that the SLCO1B1 521 T＞C and 388 A＞G polymorphisms do not affect the lipid-lowering effectiveness of statins. However, allele C of the SLCO1B1 521 T＞C polymorphism leads to an attenuated effect on lowering the LDL-C in non-Asian populations and the long-term effectiveness of statin treatment.
Corpus allatum volume-dependent differences in accessory gland maturation in long- and short-winged males of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

In the present study the temporal changes in the volume of the corpus allatum in three experimental groups of adult males (macropterous, reproductive brachypterous and diapausing brachypterous) of the flightless bug Pyrrhocoris apterus were determined and related to the size of male accessory glands. The results revealed wing morph- and age-dependent differences in the corpus allatum volume in males of this bug. In 4-14 day old males, the volumes of the corpus allatum and accessory glands were largest in long-day reproductive brachypters, intermediate in long-day macropters, and smallest in short-day diapausing brachypters. The smaller corpus allatum in young macropterous males than in same aged reproductive brachypterous males was due to the sponta- neous fasting of the former. Later, starting on day 18 after adult emergence, i.e. when macropterous males were feeding normally, there were no significant differences in the volumes of the corpus allatum between long-day brachypterous and macropterous males. On the other hand, the corpus allatum of 18-28 day old diapausing brachypterous males was significantly smaller than that of same aged long-day macropterous and reproductive brachypterous males. The sizes of the corpus allatum and accessory glands were sig- nificantly positively correlated in macropterous and diapausing brachypterous males. This is the first report of corpus allatum volume-dependent wing morph-related differences in the rate of accessory gland maturation in males of insects with a non-functional macropterism. The role of differential activity of the corpus allatum in the different life history strategies of males of the two wing morphs in this wing-polymorphic insect is discussed.
Diurnal rhythms in fetal urine flow, vascular pressures, and heart rate in sheep.

Conflicting indirect data exist as to whether diurnal variations occur in fetal urine flow rate. In addition, the extent of diurnal rhythms in fetal venous pressure or arterial pressure is unknown, although 24-h rhythms do exist in fetal heart rate. In the present study, we used on-line computer techniques to continuously monitor these variables in chronically catheterized ovine fetuses. Fetal urine flow rate and vascular pressures were successfully recorded in 6 of 11 animals over a 24-h period on 21 days out of a total of 45 days of monitoring. We found highly significant diurnal variations in fetal urine flow rate (P less than 10(-6). Hourly means displayed a maximum at 2130 h and a minimum at 1330 h with a maximum amplitude of 28 +/- 5% of the 24-h mean. A secondary maximum (at 0630 h) and minimum (at 0330 h) of smaller amplitude also occurred. There were simultaneous and highly significant (P less than 0.0001) diurnal rhythms in fetal arterial pressure (+/- 2%), venous pressure (+/- 7%), and heart rate (+/- 5%). The maxima in arterial pressure and heart rate occurred within 1 h of the maximum in urine flow, while venous pressure changes were opposite those in arterial pressure. Hourly mean urine flow correlated significantly with arterial pressure but not venous pressure or heart rate, suggesting that the observed 24-h variations in fetal urine flow rate may be partially mediated by a pressure diuresis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of the Use of Adipose Tissue–Derived and Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells for Rapid Bone Regeneration

Stem cell–based bone tissue engineering has been recognized as a new strategy for maxillary sinus floor elevation. More rapid bone formation may enhance this technique when simultaneous dental implant placement is desired. Adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are the most well-characterized cell sources for bone regeneration, but comparative studies on the osteogenic potential of these cells have yielded conflicting conclusions. This study aimed to compare the rapid bone formation capacity of ADSCs and BMSCs in a canine sinus floor augmentation model. In in vitro studies, BMSCs had a higher proliferative ability and greater osteogenic differentiation potential at both the mRNA and protein levels. When GFP-labeled cells on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, both ADSCs and BMSCs survived for 4 wks, but only BMSCs formed new bone. Furthermore, according to sequential fluorescence labeling results for the canine sinus, BMSCs promoted rapid and greater bone regeneration during the entire observation period. In contrast, obvious mineralization was detected starting from 3 wks after implantation in the ADSC group. These results suggest that BMSCs might be more useful than ADSCs for rapid bone regeneration for sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.
Calcium, Vitamin D, Iron, and Folate Messages in Three Canadian Magazines.

PURPOSE Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey showed that calcium, vitamin D, iron, and folate are nutrients of concern for females 19-50 years of age. The study objectives were to assess the quantity, format, and accuracy of messages related to these nutrients in selected Canadian magazines and to examine their congruency with Canadian nutrition policies. METHODS Using content analysis methodology, messages were coded using a stratified sample of a constructed year for Canadian Living, Chatelaine, and Homemakers magazines (n = 33) from 2003-2008. Pilot research was conducted to assess inter-coder agreement and to develop the study coding sheet and codebook. RESULTS The messages identified (n = 595) averaged 18 messages per magazine issue. The most messages were found for calcium, followed by folate, iron, and vitamin D, and the messages were found primarily in articles (46%) and advertisements (37%). Overall, most messages were coded as accurate (82%) and congruent with Canadian nutrition policies (90%). CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated that the majority of messages in 3 Canadian magazines between 2003 and 2008 were accurate and reflected Canadian nutrition policies. Because Canadian women continue to receive much nutrition information via print media, this research provides important insights for dietitians into media messaging.
Experimental investigation of nitrile formation from VUV photochemistry of interstellar ices analogs: acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile

Context. The study of the chemical reactivity in interstellar ices in astrophysical environments is an important tool for understanding the origin of the organic matter in molecular clouds, in protoplanetary disks, and possibly, as a final destination, in our solar system. The laboratory simulations of the reactivity in ice analogs provide important information for understanding the reactivity in these environments. Here, we used these experimental simulations to trace some formation pathways of two nitriles, acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile, which are two potential precursors of amino acids in astrophysical environments. Aims. The purpose of this work is to present the first experimental approach for the formation of acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile in interstellar-like conditions. Methods. We use Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to study the formation at 20 K of ace-tonitrile CH 3 CN from VUV irradiation of ethylamine and of amino acetonitrile NH 2 CH 2 CN from VUV irradiation of ammonia: acetonitrile mixture. Isotopic substitutions are used to confirm identifications. Results. We demonstrate that acetonitrile can be formed at 20 K from the VUV irradiation of ethylamine with a yield of 4%. Furthermore, in presence of ammonia, at 20 K and under VUV irradiation, the acetonitrile can lead to the amino acetonitrile for-mation. These results suggest that acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile can be formed in astrophysical environments that are submitted to VUV irradiations.
The Southern Ocean silicon trap: Data‐constrained estimates of regenerated silicic acid, trapping efficiencies, and global transport paths

Received 16 August 2013; revised 10 November 2013; accepted 7 December 2013; published 16 January 2014. [1] We analyze an optimized model of the global silicon cycle embedded in a dataassimilated steady ocean circulation. Biological uptake is modeled by conditionally restoring silicic acid in the euphotic zone to observed concentrations where the modeled concentrations exceed the observational climatology. An equivalent linear model is formulated to which Green-function-based transport diagnostics are applied. We find that the models’ opal export through 133 m depth is 166 6 24 Tmol Si/yr, with the Southern Ocean (SO) providing � 70% of this export, � 50% of which dissolves above 2000 m depth. The global-scale gradients of the opal dissolution rate are primarily meridional, while the global-scale gradients of phosphate remineralization are primarily vertical. The mean depth of the temperature-dependent silicic-acid regeneration reaches 2300 m in the SO, compared to 600 m for phosphate remineralization. Silicic acid is stripped out of the euphotic zone far more efficiently than phosphate, with only (34 6 5)% of the global silicic-acid inventory being preformed, compared to (61 6 7)% for phosphate. Subantarctic and tropical waters contribute most of the ocean’s regenerated silicic acid, while Antarctic waters provide most of the preformed silicic acid. About half of the global silicic-acid inventory is trapped in transport paths connecting successive SO utilizations, with silicic acid last utilized in the SO having only a (5 6 2)% chance of being next utilized outside the SO. This trapping depletes subantarctic mode waters of silicic acid relative to phosphate, which has a (44 6 2)% probability of escaping successive SO utilization.