Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemically-defined pools of amyloid-&bgr; in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease: correlation with amyloid PET

We fractionated frontal cortical grey matter from human Alzheimer's disease and control subjects into four biochemically defined pools that represent four distinct compartments: soluble/cytosolic, peripheral membrane/vesicular cargo, integral lipid/membranous pools and aggregated/insoluble debris. Most of the readily extractable amyloid-β remains associated with a lipid/membranous compartment. There is an exchange of amyloid-β between the biochemical pools that was lost for the amyloid-β42 species in Alzheimer's disease, consistent with the peptide being irreversibly trapped in extracellular deposits. The quantitative amyloid-β data, combined with magnetic resonance imaging volumetric analysis of the amount of cortical grey matter in brain, allowed us to estimate the total mass of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease (6.5 mg) and control (1.7 mg) brains. The threshold positron emission tomography standard uptake value ratio of 1.4 equates to 5.0 μg amyloid-β/g of grey matter and the mean Alzheimer's disease dementia standard uptake value ratio level of 2.3 equates to 11.20 μg amyloid-β/g of grey matter. It takes 19 years to accumulate amyloid from the threshold positron emission tomography standard uptake value ratio to the mean value observed for Alzheimer's disease dementia. This accumulation time window combined with the difference of 4.8 mg of amyloid-β between Alzheimer's disease and control brain allows for a first approximation of amyloid-β accumulation of 28 ng/h. This equates to an estimated 2-5% of the total amyloid-β production being deposited as insoluble plaques. Understanding these rates of amyloid-β accumulation allows for a more quantitative approach in targeting the failure of amyloid-β clearance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
Comparative evaluation of different mechanical modifications of denture teeth on bond strength between high-impact acrylic resin and denture teeth: An in vitro study

Aim and Objective: Acrylic teeth separates from the denture base and remains a major worry in day-to-day routine dental procedure. The present study was conducted to comparatively evaluate different mechanical modifications of acrylic teeth on bond strength between Lucitone 199 heat cure resin and cross-linked teeth. Materials and Methods: The test specimens, central incisors (21) were demarcated into four groups. Group 1 was the control group, whereas Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 were experimental groups modified with round groove, vertical groove, and T-shaped groove, respectively. The preparation of masterpiece was done by aligning the long axis of the central incisor teeth at 45° to the base of a wax block (8 mm × 10 mm × 30 mm), with ridge lap surface contacting the base. These test specimen (21) was prepared by Lucitone 199 heat cure resin. Evaluation of bond strength of all the specimens was done using universal tester (materials testing machine). Shapiro–Wilk Test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni test were done to do statistical investigation. Results: Group 1 specimens prepared by Lucitone 199 heat cure resin showed the lowest bond strength and Group 4 specimens prepared with T-shaped groove packed with Lucitone 199 exhibited the highest bond strength. Conclusion: The bond strength between Lucitone 199 heat cure resin and cross-linked teeth was increased when mechanical modifications was done on denture teeth. The specimens prepared with T-shaped groove packed with Lucitone 199 heat cure resin showed the highest bond strength followed by Group 3, Group 2, and lastly Group 1 prepared by Lucitone 199 heat cure resin.
Measurement of the field characteristics from High Intensity Focused Ultrasound transducer

The measurement of the field characteristics from a High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) transducer is indispensable to optimize tissue ablation and minimize collateral damage. The objective of this research was to develop a system and method to measure the field characteristics from the HIFU source. The implementation of this work utilizes a planar scanning technique. A needle hydrophone was used as a measurement tool to scan the entire ultrasound beam on both X and Y axis at the focal plane of the HIFU transducer at two different frequencies (1.52 MHz and 5 MHz). The voltage signal representing the acoustic pressure-time waveform was then measured as a function of the hydrophone position in the ultrasound field. The pressure distributions of the HIFU source such as contour plots, corresponding color plots and three- dimensional reconstruction plots were obtained. The relationships between the pressure amplitudes generated from the HIFU transducer and the excitation voltages driving the HIFU source are presented to verify the HIFU field extrapolation assumption. The results show that the system and method to measure the field characteristics from HIFU transducer were successfully developed using planar scanning technique. In addition, the results indicate that the acoustic output is not proportional to the excitation voltage driving the HIFU source.
Autoradiographic Localization of [3H]Gentamicin in the Proximal Renal Tubules of Mice

The site of localization of [3H]gentamicin within mouse kidney is shown to be the proximal renal tubule by coincidence of the radioactivity, as visualized by autoradiography, and the mucopolysaccharide-rich microvilli characteristic of proximal convoluted tubules, as visualized by histochemical staining.
Cytokeratin 5/6 Immunostaining in Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms and Metastatic Adenocarcinoma

The differentiation of primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms (CANs) from dermal-based metastatic lesions can be difficult. Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) has a relatively limited expression profile, being relatively specific for mesothelium and other "pavement" type epithelium such as squamous epithelium. To date, the degree and distribution of CK 5/6 expression in cutaneous neoplasms has not been extensively studied. We speculate that since most of CANs arise from similar epithelium, they should express CK 5/6 and, therefore, CK 5/6 could potentially be helpful in distinguishing these lesions from most of metastatic neoplasms, which usually do not express this marker. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 228 previously classified CANs and 27 metastatic adenocarcinomas (17 breast, 4 colon, 2 prostate, 2 ovary, 1 lung, and 1 esophagus) were immunostained with anti-CK 5/6. Anti-CK 5/6 labeled 2 of 2 proliferating trichilemmal tumors, 6 of 6 poromas, 4 of 5 hydrocystomas, 10 of 10 cylindromas, 10 of 10 eccrine acrospiromas, 8 of 10 pilomatricoma, 10 of 10 nevus sebaceus, 9 of 9 desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas, 7 of 7 nevus sebaceus with basal cell carcinomas, 10 of 10 pilar cysts, 14 of 14 trichilemmomas, 10 of 10 syringomas, 6 of 7 chondroid syringomas, 10 of 10 hidradenoma papilliferum, 9 of 9 sebaceus adenomas, 3 of 3 microcystic adnexal carcinomas, 10 of 10 eccrine spiradenomas, 4 of 4 syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 3 of 5 ocular sebaceous carcinomas, 28 of 28 basal cell carcinomas, 16 of 16 trichoepitheliomas, and 33 of 33 trichoepitheliomas with basal cell features. By contrast, 9 of 27 metastatic adenocarcinomas stained positively, although only two of these stained strongly. Cumulatively, CK 5/6 was expressed by most (97%) of CANs, while only 33% of metastatic adenocarcinomas showed positive expression. The sensitivity of this marker in the malignant lesions (other than basal cell carcinoma) is 78%, while the specificity is 67%. If all lesions are considered, the sensitivity increases to 97%. Therefore, CK 5/6 may prove to be a useful adjunct marker in distinguishing CANs from metastatic lesions.
Comparison of Two Evolutionary Algorithms for Optimization of Bridge Deck Repairs

Abstract: Prioritization of bridge decks for maintenance and repair purposes involves decisions related to project‐level repair strategies as well as network‐level selection of bridges that bring the highest return on the repair budget. These decisions, however, represent complex optimization problems that traditional optimization techniques are often unable to solve. This article introduces an integrated model for bridge deck repairs with detailed life cycle costs of network‐level and project‐level decisions. Two evolutionary‐based optimization techniques that are capable of handling large‐size problems, namely Genetic Algorithms and Shuffled Frog Leaping, are then applied on the model to optimize maintenance and repair decisions. Results of both techniques are compared on case study problems with different numbers of bridges. Based on the results, the benefits of the bridge deck management system are illustrated along with various strategies to improve optimization performance.
Stability and Disturbance Propagation in Autonomous Vehicle Formations : A Graph Laplacian Approach

Recent works have combined tools from graph theory and control theory to derive stability criteria for vehicle formations. The formulation typically models information exchange between vehicles in a formation by using graph-theoretic tools. This work builds upon these ideas by studying the link between topology of these graphs and the dynamical behavior of a formation subject to disturbances. The problem is re-formulated by using Kronecker products. It is then shown how the Schur decomposition of the graph Laplacian matrix may be used to identify singular disturbance directions. The results we present may be used to simplify the design of robust decentralized controllers for large scale vehicle formations.
NÍVEL DO DISCLOSURE AMBIENTAL DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA: UMA ANÁLISE DO PERÍODO DE 2006 A 2010

Objetivou-se verificar o nivel de disclosure ambiental das empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa no periodo de 2006 a 2010. Este estudo justifica-se pela teoria do disclosure voluntario na qual afirma que os gestores podem optar entre o tipo de informacao evidenciada aos stakeholders. Para atender ao escopo desse estudo utilizou-se como metodologia a analise de conteudo realizada nos relatorios da administracao, nas notas explicativas e nos relatorios de informacoes ambientais. A pesquisa foi realizada em 154 empresas classificadas de acordo com Brasil (2001). A analise dos resultados mostrou que das 198.670 sentencas encontradas apenas 8.244 referiam-se ao disclosure ambiental, sendo 7.502 referentes a informacoes ambientais positivas e 742 referentes a informacoes ambientais negativas, corroborando o estudo de Verrechia (2001) e Dye (2001) no qual afirmam que no intuito de auferir melhores resultados financeiros os gestores optam em divulgar com mais intensidade as informacoes favoraveis a empresa, pois ha evidencias de que o mercado premia as empresas que evidenciam informacoes ambientais positivas e penalizam as empresas que evidenciam informacoes ambientais negativas.
Look Ma, We’re Still Theorizing: The Continued Search for Theoretical Integration

In this paper, we explore the often-fractured attempt at theoretical integration within contemporary sociological thought. Theoretical integration was a goal of the early pioneers of sociology but has since been discounted by many as unattainable idealistic vision. We challenge this virtually universal assessment. The belief that theoretical integration is beyond grasp has been owed to a number of debates within contemporary sociological thought, including but not limited to, those surrounding human nature and rationality. We conclude our paper with a proposal for a new direction forward and a hopeful starting place for a promising integrated sociological perspective.
Web Marketing for Small Businesses: 7 Steps to Explosive Business Growth (Quick Start Your Business)

When it comes to marketing and competing against the giants, small businesses have always had it tough. But now there's a way to level the playing field like never before.Web Marketing for Small Businesses shows entrepreneurs how to take advantage of the marketing opportunities on the Internet to get the word out about their business and win new customers. Stephanie Diamond, founder of Digital Media Works, has over 25 years experience in the marketing world and served for eight years as Marketing Director of AOL. She helps small business owners through topics such as:-Working with social networking sites-Creating mindmaps-Selling your story in a compelling way-Choosing the right tactics-Choosing the right tools-Evaluating customer actions-And much moreFor any entrepreneur, this book provides the most potential profit per read of any recent book on the market.
Young Children's Help-Seeking as Active Information Gathering

Young children's social learning is a topic of great interest. Here, we examined preschoolers' (M = 52.44 months, SD = 9.7 months) help-seeking as a social information gathering activity that may optimize and support children's opportunities for learning. In a toy assembly task, we assessed each child's competency at assembling toys and the difficulty of each step of the task. We hypothesized that children's help-seeking would be a function of both initial competency and task difficulty. The results confirmed this prediction; all children were more likely to seek assistance on difficult steps and less competent children sought assistance more often. Moreover, the magnitude of the help-seeking requests (from asking for verbal confirmation to asking the adult to take over the task) similarly related to both competency and difficulty. The results provide support for viewing children's help-seeking as an information gathering activity, indicating that preschoolers flexibly adjust the level and amount of assistance to optimize their opportunities for learning.
Familial, Band-Shaped, Spheroidal Keratopathy Histopathology in Ethnic Chinese Siblings

Purpose. To describe the histopathology of familial, band-shaped, spheroidal keratopathy in ethnic Chinese siblings. New histopathologic findings are presented that may shed light on the etiology of this rare and unique condition. Methods. Three ethnic Chinese siblings in Urumqi, People's Republic of China, were examined. One brother and sister had spheroidal, amber-colored droplets in the superficial, central corneal stroma. Each had a diffuse gray haze and thickening of the peripheral corneal stroma. A histopathologic study of penetrating keratoplasty specimens was performed. Another sister had only thickening and haze of the corneal stroma. Results. Typical spheroidal deposits in the superficial stroma were demonstrated. One cornea had vascularization and amyloid deposition. One cornea had loss of endothelial cells and a thickened Descemet's membrane. Conclusion. Neovascularization and amyloid deposition are likely secondary phenomena in this familial disease. A new clinical finding is the hazy, thickened stroma. New pathologic findings are the loss of endothelial cells and the marked thickening of Descemet's membrane. An endothelial cell dystrophy may accompany familial, band-shaped, spheroidal keratopathy.
Meanings attributed to fatherhood by adolescents Significados atribuídos a paternidade por adolescentes

Objective: To understand how adolescents perceive the experience and what meanings they attribute to fatherhood. Methods: Research of a qualitative method, using interviews of 25 young people who had become fathers for the first time. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, taped and transcribed in their entirety. Data analysis occurred using an initial and then an exhaustive reading of the material, synthesis of the results obtained, and identification of implicit content. Results: The analysis and interpretation of this material allowed us to identify three thematic categories: the role of the young father; gains and losses with fatherhood, and solutions adopted during the experienced difficulties. It was evident that the exercise of fatherhood contributed to the assumption of masculinity, to play the role of guardian of the home and provider for the family. Conclusion: Fatherhood was seen as a positive experience that transformed teenagers into adults.
Response to Public Information in Futures Markets: Evidence from the Financial Crisis

This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic news announcements on the Australian stock index futures market during the financial crisis of 2007-2008. The financial crisis is characterized by higher price volatility and trading activity, wider bid-ask spreads and lower depth in the futures market. The responses of price volatility and trading volume to news announcements are more intense and short-lived than before the crisis. Bid-ask spreads widen further around announcements than before the crisis, while depth remains at diminished levels. These results imply that news announcements carry richer information content than before the financial crisis.
Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning of Model-Free Control Algorithms for Servo Systems

This paper proposes the combination of two data-driven techniques, namely virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) and model-Free Control (MFC) in terms of the VRFT of MFC algorithms dedicated to servo systems. VRFT ensures the automatic optimal computation of the parameters of three MFC algorithms represented by intelligent proportional (iP), intelligent proportional-integral (iPI), and intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (iPID) controllers. The combination of MFC and VRFT leads to a novel mixed MFC-VRFT approach. The approach is validated by experimental results related to the angular speed control of modular servo system laboratory equipment. The performance of the control systems with the MFC algorithms (iP, iPI, and iPID controllers) tuned by the mixed MFC-VRFT approach is compared with that of control systems with MFC algorithms tuned by a metaheuristics gravitational search algorithm (GSA) optimizer, and of control systems with I, PI and PID controllers optimally tuned by VRFT and GSA in the same optimization problem.
Blood volume determination using hydroxyethyl starch: a rapid and simple intravenous injection method.

OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a new method for blood volume measurements using hydroxyethyl starch as a dilution marker. DESIGN Laboratory and clinical investigation. SETTING Neurosurgical operating rooms and anesthesiological laboratories of a university hospital. PATIENTS Twelve patients who underwent a neurosurgical operation. INTERVENTIONS Anesthesia and operations were carried out by physicians who were not involved in the study. In addition, blood samples were drawn from 50 volunteers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood volume measurements by the hydroxyethyl starch method were validated in vivo by comparison with a conventional carbon monoxide technique. Patients were intravenously injected with hydroxyethyl starch (100 mL) and received simultaneously an injection of carbon monoxide (50 mL) into a closed-circuit ventilation system. Blood samples obtained before and 5 mins after injection were analyzed for carboxyhemoglobin and glucose plasma concentrations after acidic hydrolysis of hydroxyethyl starch. Blood volume was calculated from the difference between glucose concentrations measured after hydrolysis in the plasma, before and after the addition of hydroxyethyl starch. In vitro, the hydroxyethyl starch method had an error and a precision of approximately 2%. In vivo, simultaneous measurements of blood volume using hydroxyethyl starch and carbon monoxide demonstrated a high correlation (r2 = .96, p < .001) between these methods. The mean difference between the two methods relative to their average value was 1.0 +/- 3.5%; the bias was 52.3 mL, and the 95% confidence interval was -64.0 to +168.7 mL. CONCLUSIONS Blood volume determination by the hydroxyethyl starch method is accurate and rapid and may enhance perioperative monitoring of fluid and blood therapy.
Regulatory focus as a determinant of brand value

Purpose – This research aims to investigate the relationship between consumer regulatory focus and brand value.Design/methodology/approach – Three studies were conducted using both student subject pools and a broader sample from the US population. The relative chronic promotion or prevention orientation of each participant was measured, as was response to brand and pricing stimuli.Findings – Promotion‐oriented individuals are more sensitive to differences in established brands than prevention‐oriented individuals (studies 1 and 2), and promotion‐oriented individuals have a greater preference for new brands than prevention‐oriented individuals (study 2). Also, an individual's degree of chronic promotion orientation is an important driver of this relationship (study 3). Research limitations/implications – Brand quality is considered as a general concept rather than a multidimensional construct. Although brand is a largely affective and emotional product attribute, brand trust is a dimension of quality that h.
Self-Control and Cooperation: Different Concepts, Similar Decisions? A Question of the Right Perspective

Abstract Conflicts between an individual's long-term and short-term goals (i.e., self-control conflicts) and conflicts between individual and collective interests (mixed-motive situations) share some interesting features. In this article both types of conflicts are approached from a perspective hypothesis. The hypothesis holds that a decision maker's perspective on his or her decision determines whether either the long-term goals (the collective interests) or the short-term goals (the individual interests) will guide behavior. The hypothesis also implies that factors known to enhance cooperative choices in mixed-motive situations should also facilitate self-control. Three such factors are evaluated: group identification, self-efficacy, and mutual trust. We conclude that the perspective in which choice is considered part of an identifiable series of behaviors is most likely to result in cooperation or self-control.
Revisi Keyakinan atas Sinyal Informasi Akuntansi

The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of securities analystsâ€™ beliefs revision in the valuation of shares which is determined by the sinyal quality of accounting information, unsystematic risk perception, and market risk as a measure of environmental uncertainty. This study uses explanatory-causal approach. Type of data is primary data and the collection method is a survey. The dimension of time used is one shot study. The respondents were securities analysts and the unit of analysis is the individual. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. This study shows that the usefulness of accounting information has a positive influence on the beliefs revision and perceptions of risk and subjectivity of the return. Meanwhile, perception of risk has a negative influence on the subjectivity of the return. Furthermore, environment uncertainty has no influence on beliefs revision and subjectivity of the return. In addition, beliefs revision has a positive influence on subjectivity of return. Study findings indicate that signal quality of accounting information has information content; securities analysts have high confidence, prudent, disjunction attitude, volitional, sophisticated, rational behavior, and preferences of risk averter. Keywords: usefulness of accounting information, beliefs revision, perceptions of risk, environment uncertainty, subjectivity of return.