Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Space-Time Transformations

Let T be a one-to-one mapping of n-dimensional space-time M onto itself. If T maps light cones onto light cones and d i m M > 3, it is shown that T is, up to a scale factor, an inhomogeneous Lorentz transformation. Thus constancy of light velocity alone implies the Lorentz group (up to dilatations). The same holds if T and T -1 preserve ( x y )Z > 0. This generalizes Zeeman's Theorem. It is then shown that if T maps lightlike lines onto (arbitrary) straight lines and if dim M > 3, then T is linear. The last result can be applied to transformations connecting different reference frames in a relativistic or nonrelativistic theory.
Gas permeability tests on concrete damaged by drying shrinkage and its anisotropy effect

Concrete structure, used to store radioactive materials, are subjected to mechanical, hydrous and thermal loading, which can affect the structural strength, the porous space and permeability. The knowledge of the behaviour and the main characteristic of the material should be checked in order to take into account drying shrinkage. In the first part, we present the experimental devices and the principal parameters studied. Prismatic samples are used for drying shrinkage and loss of mass during time measurements, and measurements of drying shrinkage. In a second part, gas permeability tests were carried out on this material after approximately 10 months of drying. Samples are cored from each prismatic sample (used for shrinkage measurements) : either from the transverse direction or from the longitudinal direction. Principles of gas permeability test are presented and experimental process is described. Finally, we discuss the experimental results obtained in terms of anisotropy induced by the desiccation phenomenon. As a result, an induced anisotropy of permeability is then measured experimentally.
Do Consumer-Directed Tax Credits Effectively Encourage Green Investment ? Experimental Evidence of Conditional Success

We investigate whether consumer-directed tax credit s effectively motivate green investment by manipulating the form of purchase inducement (tax c redits versus sales discounts versus net pricing). In our experiments, consumers choose betw e n relatively expensive energy-efficient products (“green” products) and less expensive stan dard products. Consistent with negative views toward taxation (Moon 2009) and intuitive “Ty pe 1” mental processing (Evans and Stanovich 2013), when the price difference between green and standard products is small, tax credits are an ineffective way to encourage green i nvestment. Conversely, when the price difference between green and standard products is l arge, tax credits are relatively effective at encouraging green investment. We detect tax-creditspecific evidence of deliberative “Type 2” mental processing ( ibid) when green products are relatively expensive, con sistent with decisionmakers who more fully consider factors that influen c a relatively difficult choice. Our results suggest that tax policy can be improved by consider ing the economic setting of tax-incentivized
THE SUBTLE BUT PERVASIVE INFLUENCE OF CLASS IN LEARNING AT SCHOOL . THE CASE OF MATHEMATICS

Many studies show a child’s academic success is a p roduct of many factors, the majority of which are beyond the control and, somet i s, the knowledge of the classroom teacher. Through case studies of two chil dren this study explores some of the factors which influence pupil success at school . We examine the direct and indirect influence on mathematics attainment of hom e and family background including the effects of the family socio-economic status and linguistic background.
FPGA based Optimisation and Implementation of Nondestructive Identification Procedures

The correct and fast identification of unknown ICs is an important issue for current as well as future IC technology. The authors have previously presented an algorithm which has demonstrated for the first time the correct non-invasive identification of unknown ICs [1]. Here, the analysis procedure was implemented into an analysis environment using MATLAB. However, the handling and the overall calculation time was not practical. Moreover, ICs to be analysed become more and more complex and therefore, large amounts of data have to be stored to complete an analysis. This paper describes a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) optimised implementation of the analysis algorithm to overcome these problems. To show the improvement the traditional analysis procedure was implemented into a Cyclone-II ALTERA FPGA using Quartus-II [2] and a Nios II soft-core microprocessor [3]. To demonstrate the correct operation the algorithms were implemented, fully tested and validated on ISCAS-85, ISCAS-89 and ISCAS-99 IEEE benchmark models of real ICs. The results are presented in this paper. It will be shown that the overall calculation time can be improved by a factor of 25000 compared to the traditional procedure.
Improving application timing predictability and caching performance on multi-core systems

Modern computing systems are constructed using commodity multi-core processors, on which part of the memory subsystem is shared by different cores on the same processor. Multiple applications executing simultaneously on a multi-core system contend for the shared memory resources, such as last level caches (LLC) and main memory, causing inter-application interference. Such inter-application interference, if uncontrolled, results in unpredictable execution delay for individual applications and severe system performance degradation. In this dissertation, we focus on shared cache interference and investigate two issues raised by the increasing complexity of underlying hardware and software for multi-core systems: timing predictability of real-time computing and caching performance for high performance computing.
The Possibility of Many Compensation Points in a Mixed-Spin Ising Ferrimagnetic System

The magnetic properties of a ferrimagnetic mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising model with different anisotropies are investigated by using the mean-field approximation (MFA). In particular, the effect of magnetic anisotropies on the compensation phenomenon, acting on A-atoms and B-ones for the mixed-spin model, has been considered in a zero field. The free energy of a mixed-spin Ising ferrimagnetic system from MFA of the Hamiltonian is calculated. By minimizing the free energy, we obtain the equilibrium magnetizations and the compensation points. The phase diagram of the system in the anisotropy dependence of transition temperature has been discussed as well. Our results of this model predict the existence of many (two or three) compensation points in the ordered system on a simple cubic lattice.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIV ATED SLUDGE AND CONDITIONING WITH CATIONIC POL YELECTROLYTES

Three cationic polyelectrolytes with different charge densities were used to condition activated sludge samples from a municipal plant during a period when the sludge characteristics changed strongly. Initially the sludge had high residual turbidity after sedimentation, high filtration resistance, low floc strength and high amounts of extractable extracellular polymers (ECP). These problems could be related to the snow melting that was going on. When that ceased the sludge recovered as shown by decreased residual turbidity, filtration resistance and amount of extractable ECP and increased floc strength.
Triadimefon Protects Blackgram ( Vigna mungo L . Hepper ) Plants from Sodium Chloride Stress

The effects of triadimefon (TDM), a triazole compound, on NaCl-stressed blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) plants were studied to understand the ameliorative effect of this triazole derivative. Seeds were sown in plastic pots and irrigated with groundwater up to 35 days after sowing (DAS) to field capacity. Later plants were irrigated with groundwater as control and others were treated with 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl + 20 mg l TDM and 20 mg l TDM. The samples were collected randomly at 40 and 80 DAS. Salinity treatment decreased the protein content and increased the amino acid, proline, glycine betaine (GB), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities in blackgram compared with the control. The addition of NaCl with TDM showed an increase in protein, APX and CAT activities and decreased proline, GB content when compared with NaCl-stressed plants. TDM treatment increased all parameters compared with the control. However, TDM-mediated salinity tolerance could be attributed to the increased activities of APX and CAT when compared to NaCl-stressed plants. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The literacy and self-esteem of children attending Welsh-Medium and English-Medium schools in Wales

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Job Mobility and Premature Departure of Principals in Primary and Secondary Education in the Netherlands

As a result of complex school reforms the role of the principal has undergone significant changes, internationally. Consequently, a considerable number of principals leave their positions, both voluntarily and involuntarily. This article presents the findings of a study into job mobility, concentrating on involuntary or premature departure amongst principals in primary and secondary education in the Netherlands. All primary and secondary schools with job mobility over a period of three years were traced: 920 schools reported job mobility for 1009 principals. The authors then examined which part of this job mobility consisted of premature departure. For this purpose, three characteristics of job mobility were investigated: involuntariness, labour disputes and official reasons reported for job mobility. The data were also analysed for male and female principals separately.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Medication Errors: The New York Experience

Abstract : Objectives: In June 2000, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) expanded its New York Patient Occurrence Reporting and Tracking System (NYPORTS) mandatory adverse event reporting system to include the reporting of medication errors. The errors included were those that resulted in a severity of patient harm that met the National Coordinating Council Medication Error Reporting Program (NCC MERP) criteria for categories G (resulting in permanent patient harm), H (resulting in a near-death event) and I (resulting in patient death). Root cause analyses (RCA) that examine systems issues and identify mechanisms for future prevention of these events were studied. Methods: A panel of 11 multidisciplinary professionals performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 24 months of medication errors reports submitted to the NYPORTS system. NYPORTS requires that the 249 hospitals in New York State (NYS) electronically notify the NYSDOH of reportable errors within 24 hours of occurrence detection and that a RCA for that occurrence be submitted within 30 days. Results: Qualitative analysis of the RCAs included findings related to lessons learned, emergent themes, and use of system fixes instead of punitive fixes or inappropriate/incomplete system fixes. The quantitative analysis examined several variables. These included where in the process the error occurred, what disciplines were involved, the error distribution, the occurrence type, the medication or medication classes involved, and the breakdown by patient outcome. Conclusions: Mandatory medication error reporting can provide useful information about systems contributing to errors, strategies for prevention, and evidence-based information about patient safety concepts. This information is important for hospitals to consider both when analyzing medication errors and when implementing systems to improve safety.
The anatomy of an unstable node: a Levantine relict precipitates phylogenomic dissolution of higher-level relationships of the armoured harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)

After tumultuous revisions to the family-level systematics of Laniatores (the armored harvestmen), the basally branching family Phalangodidae presently bears a disjunct and irregular distribution, attributed to the fragmentation of Pangea. One of the curious lineages assigned to Phalangodidae is the monotypic Israeli genus Haasus, the only Laniatores species that occurs in Israel, and whose presence in the Levant has been inferred to result from biogeographic connectivity with Eurasia. Recent surveys of Israeli caves have also yielded a new troglobitic morphospecies of Haasus. Here, we describe this new species as Haasus naasane sp. nov. So as to test the biogeographic affinity of Haasus, we sequenced DNA from both species and RNA from Haasus naasane sp. nov., to assess their phylogenetic placement. Our results showed that the new species is clearly closely related to Haasus judaeus, but Haasus itself is unambiguously nested within the largely Afrotropical family Pyramidopidae. In addition, the Japanese ‘phalangodid’ Proscotolemon sauteri was recovered as nested within the Southeast Asian family Petrobunidae. Phylogenomic placement of Haasus naasane sp. nov. in a 1550-locus matrix indicates that Pyramidopidae has an unstable position in the tree of Laniatores, with alternative partitioning of the matrix recovering high nodal support for mutually exclusive tree topologies. Exploration of phylogenetic signal showed the cause of this instability to be a considerable conflict between partitions, suggesting that the basal phylogeny of Laniatores may not yet be stable to addition of taxa. We transfer Haasus to Pyramidopidae (new familial assignment). Additionally, we transfer Proscotolemon to the family Petrobunidae (new familial assignment). Future studies on basal Laniatores phylogeny should emphasise the investigation of small-bodied and obscure groups that superficially resemble Phalangodidae.
Bayesian Immature Survival Analysis of the Largest Colony of Common Murre (Uria aalge) in the Baltic Sea

Abstract. In long-lived species, such as seabirds, immature survival is the most important life history parameter after adult survival. The assessment of immature survival has often been difficult due to extended periods in which young birds remain unobservable at sea. This study presents results on survival of immature Common Murre (Uria aalge) obtained from an extensive mark-recapture study of a large colony at Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea, Sweden. This colony, in contrast with other colonies, has the unique feature that many 1-year-old birds return to the colony (12%). Between 2006 and 2016, 28,930 chicks were marked at fledging, of which 5,493 individuals were later resighted in the colony. Annual survival and recapture probabilities were estimated using Bayesian Cormack-Jolly-Seber models with four age classes for survival probability, and recapture probability being age and time dependent. Informative prior distributions were used to correct partial observability problems in older age classes (observed at breeding ledges). The estimated survival probability of 1-year-old birds was 0.53 (95% CI = 0.49-0.58), 2-year-old birds was 0.87 (0.79-0.96), 3-year-old birds was 0.96 (0.90-0.99), and 4-to-10-year old bird survival probability was 0.63 (0.61-0.64). Survival estimates for younger age classes were consistent with previous studies. Several biological factors may contribute to the observed decline in survival for older age classes.
Risk factors for asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in Korean population: lessons from a community-based screening

Purpose Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular problem and has serious morbidity and mortality in advanced situations. However, the prevalence and risk factors for PAD in Korea have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of PAD in the Korean population. Methods The study was processed by visiting community welfare centers. Inclusion criteria were people who participated in this study. Screening was performed by history taking followed by the measurement of ankle brachial index (ABI). PAD was defined when an ABI of 0.9 or less was found in one or both legs. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS ver. 22.0. Results Between January 2008 and December 2012, a total of 2,044 participants were included with 810 men (39.6%) and 1,234 women (60.4%). PAD was detected in 95 (4.6%). Borderline ABI (0.91–0.99) showed in 212 (10.4%), and severe decreased ABI defined as 0.5 or less showed in 3 (0.1%). Significant risk factors for PAD were old age (odd ratio, 1.952; P = 0.045), hypertension (odd ratio, 1.645; P = 0.050), and cardiovascular disease (odd ratio, 2.047; P = 0.039). Significant risk factors for borderline PAD were old age (odd ratio, 1.019; P = 0.024), hypertension (odd ratio, 1.461; P = 0.038), and chronic obstructive lung disease (odd ratio, 3.393; P = 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of PAD in the Korean population was 4.6%. Old age, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significant risk factors for PAD. Further nationwide study is needed.
HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma: perspective from a regional cancer center in India

Background India has the third largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Lymphoma is the second most common malignancy among PLHA. However, data are lacking regarding HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) in India. This study evaluated the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of ARL from a regional cancer center in India. Methods This retrospective analysis included cases of ARL between March 2011 and September 2017. Data were obtained from patient record files for the assessment of epidemiology and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Comparisons of subtype-specific survivals were performed using log-rank tests. Results Of 1,226 lymphoma cases, 80 (6.5%) were ARL. Details were available for 70 patients. The median age at diagnosis was 40.5 (9–74) years with a male:female ratio of 2:1. AIDS-defining lymphomas (ADL) constituted 78.6% of cases, while 21.4% had non-AIDS defining lymphoma (NADL). The mean CD4 counts were 193.15±92.85 and 301.93±107.95 cells/µL, respectively (t-test; P=0.0002). Extranodal involvement was present in 55.7%, B symptoms were reported in 60%, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in 64.3% of patients. The median overall survival times were 6 months for plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), 23 months for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and was not reached for Hodgkin's lymphoma (log-rank test; P=0.0011). Other histological subtype cases were too few to draw meaningful survival outcomes. Conclusion ARL is a heterogeneous disease. Histologic subtype is a major determinant of the clinical outcome. ADL has significantly lower CD4 counts than those of NADL. There is an urgent and unmet need for uniform management guidelines for improving outcomes in this under-represented patient population.
Blood Rheology: Key Parameters, Impact on Blood Flow, Role in Sickle Cell Disease and Effects of Exercise

Blood viscosity is an important determinant of local flow characteristics, which exhibits shear thinning behavior: it decreases exponentially with increasing shear rates. Both hematocrit and plasma viscosity influence blood viscosity. The shear thinning property of blood is mainly attributed to red blood cell (RBC) rheological properties. RBC aggregation occurs at low shear rates, and increases blood viscosity and depends on both cellular (RBC aggregability) and plasma factors. Blood flow in the microcirculation is highly dependent on the ability of RBC to deform, but RBC deformability also affects blood flow in the macrocirculation since a loss of deformability causes a rise in blood viscosity. Indeed, any changes in one or several of these parameters may affect blood viscosity differently. Poiseuille’s Law predicts that any increase in blood viscosity should cause a rise in vascular resistance. However, blood viscosity, through its effects on wall shear stress, is a key modulator of nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelial NO-synthase. Indeed, any increase in blood viscosity should promote vasodilation. This is the case in healthy individuals when vascular function is intact and able to adapt to blood rheological strains. However, in sickle cell disease (SCD) vascular function is impaired. In this context, any increase in blood viscosity can promote vaso-occlusive like events. We previously showed that sickle cell patients with high blood viscosity usually have more frequent vaso-occlusive crises than those with low blood viscosity. However, while the deformability of RBC decreases during acute vaso-occlusive events in SCD, patients with the highest RBC deformability at steady-state have a higher risk of developing frequent painful vaso-occlusive crises. This paradox seems to be due to the fact that in SCD RBC with the highest deformability are also the most adherent, which would trigger vaso-occlusion. While acute, intense exercise may increase blood viscosity in healthy individuals, recent works conducted in sickle cell patients have shown that light cycling exercise did not cause dramatic changes in blood rheology. Moreover, regular physical exercise has been shown to decrease blood viscosity in sickle cell mice, which could be beneficial for adequate blood flow and tissue perfusion.
Necrotic and Cytolytic Activity on Grapevine Leaves Produced by Nep1-Like Proteins of Diplodia seriata

Many phytopathogenic fungi produce necrosis and ethylene inducing peptide 1 (Nep1-like proteins or NLP) that trigger leaf necrosis and the activation of defense mechanisms. These proteins have been widely studied in plant pathogens as Moniliophthora perniciosa or Botrytis cinerea between others, but little is known about their biological roles in grapevine trunk pathogens. Advances in the sequencing of genomes of several fungi involved in grapevine trunk diseases have revealed that these proteins are present in several copies in their genomes. The aim of this project was to analyze the presence of genes encoding NLP proteins in the Diplodia seriata genome and to characterize their putative role as virulence factors associated to grapevine trunk diseases. In this study, we characterized four NLPs from Diplodia seriata. All proteins showed highly similar amino acid sequences and contained the characteristic peptide motifs of NLPs. DserNEPs slightly reduced the viability of Vitis vinifera L. cell cultures. The cytolytic activity from DserNEP1 was stronger than that from DserNEP2, even at low concentrations. Purified DserNEPs also produced necrosis in leaves when they were inoculated into micropropagules of V. vinifera L. This is the first record of Nep1-like proteins from a fungus associated with grapevine trunk diseases and also from a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae family.