Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simplicity versus accuracy for estimation of the PM2.5 concentration: a comparison between LUR and GWR methods across time scales

ABSTRACT This study compares land use regression (LUR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models in PM2.5 concentration mapping over California (USA). Results show that R2 values of LUR model are 0.78, 0.74 and 0.74 times lower than those of GWR model at annual, seasonal and monthly scales. Relative errors are 2.18, 1.79 and 1.60 times higher, and root mean square error (RMSE) are 1.48, 1.32 and 1.28 higher. Furthermore, performance difference is significant under polluted conditions, but is minor under clean conditions. It demonstrates that LUR model is effective under low concentration at short time scales.
Review of tropical cyclones in the Australian region: Climatology, variability, predictability, and trends

Tropical cyclones (TCs) can have severe impacts on Australia. These include extreme rainfall and winds, and coastal hazards such as destructive waves, storm surges, estuarine flooding, and coastal erosion. Various aspects of TCs in the Australian region have been documented over the past several decades. In recent years, increasing emphasis has been placed on human‐induced climate change effects on TCs in the Australian region and elsewhere around the globe. However, large natural variability and the lack of consistent long‐term TC observations have often complicated the detection and attribution of TC trends. Efforts have been made to improve TC records for Australia over the past decades, but it is still unclear whether such records are sufficient to provide better understanding of the impacts of natural climate variability and climate change. It is important to note that the damage costs associated with tropical cyclones in Australia have increased in recent decades and will continue to increase due to growing coastal settlement and infrastructure development. Therefore, it is critical that any coastal infrastructure planning and engineering decisions, as well as disaster management decisions, strongly consider future risks from tropical cyclones. A better understanding of tropical cyclones in a changing climate will provide key insights that can help mitigate impacts of tropical cyclones on vulnerable communities. An objective assessment of the Australian TCs at regional scale and its link with climate variability and change using improved and up‐to‐date data records is more imperative now than before.
Infra-gravity wave transformation across macro-tidal rocky shore platforms.

This thesis investigates the governing generating mechanisms, shoaling and reflection behaviour of infra-gravity waves on a mild-sloping, macro-tidal, rocky shore platform. The methods comprise among others, field data analysis of the Lilstock platform, numerical modelling using a calibrated XBeach model and a cross-correlation analysis to determine the evolution of the infra-gravity waves across the platform.
Determining the regions for efficient use of electro­jet low­thrust engines

 A. Sidorov, V. Pererva, 2019 3. Calibration of Low-Temperature Infrared Thermometers // MSL Technical Guide 22. 2009. URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/408a/354c752a4124f68369fa671d93f5acfba7fc.pdf 4. Doslidzhennia pokhybky ultrazvukovykh vytratomiriv za umov spotvorenoi struktury potoku na osnovi CFD-modeliuvannia / Pistun Ye. , Matiko F. , Roman V. , Stetsenko A. // Metrolohiya ta prylady. 2014. Issue 4 (48). P. 13–23. 5. Turkowski M. , Szufle−ski P. New criteria for the experimental validation of CFD simulations // Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. 2013. Vol. 34. P. 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst. 2013.07. 003 6. Random Number Generation and Testing. URL: http://csrc.nist. gov/groups/ST/toolkit/rng/index.html 7. Kondrashov S. , Opryshkina M. , Matsak O. Kontrol metrolohichnoho stanu system z neliniynymy pervynnymy peretvoriuvachamy za dopomohoiu testovykh vplyviv // Metrolohiya ta prylady. 2015. Issue 2. P. 33–41. 8. Volodarskiy E. , Koshevaya L. , Dobrolyubova M. Otsenivanie kachestva mnogoparametricheskogo tekhnologicheskogo protsessa pri korrelyatsii ego pokazateley // Metrolohiya ta prylady. 2017. Issue 5. P. 20–24. 9. ISO\IEC 17025-2005. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. International Organization for Standardization, 2005. 10. Montgomery D. C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 754 p.
Analysis of the Gutenberg-Richter b-values of overlapping seismic clusters with application to Cooke 4 gold mine

The b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relationship is an indicator of rock failure processes. Near-real-time analysis of the b-value has the potential to mitigate the risk posed by rockbursts, for example, by adjusting the geometry, sequence and rate of mining; or evaluating the re-entry time following a large seismic event. There are two main approaches to selecting a data set for b-value analysis: (i) select seismic events that fall within polygons or polyhedra associated with particular working places or seismic sources (e.g. a development end, stope or fault); or (ii) select seismic events that occur in the vicinity of each node of a 2D or 3D mesh that covers the entire region of interest. Challenges include the inevitable trade-off between statistical stability and space-time resolution, and overlaps of clusters of seismic events that arise from different sources. We wrote a Matlab code “Bplot” to conduct numerical simulations to investigate strategies to improve the resolution and reliability of b-value analysis. Bplot was also used to analyse seismicity during the extraction of the shaft pillar at Cooke 4 gold mine. Approximately 450 000 events, recorded from July 2011 to October 2011, were used to map spatial and temporal variations in the b-value. We find lower b-values close to the stope face. We attribute the higher b-value ahead of the stope to the occurrence of numerous small events caused by the fracture of intact rock by high stresses ahead of the mining front; while the relative increase in the number of larger events close to the face is considered to be the result of the growth and coalescence of these fractures.
The Interpretation of Biogeochemical Growths on Gold Coins from the SS Central America Shipwreck: Applications for Biogeochemistry and Geoarchaeology

Black crusts that formed on gold coins recovered from the 1857 shipwreck of the SS Central America played a key role in their preservation in a near original state. Within a few years of the sinking, the significant quantities of iron and steel on the shipwreck produced laminar geochemical precipitates of fine-grained iron minerals on the coins. This coating served to armor the coins from future chemical or biological attacks. Once coated, the coins were colonized by at least two distinct populations of gold-tolerant bacteria that precipitated abundant nanoparticulate gold in the black crust material and produced biomineralized bacteria in a web-like mat. Above this middle layer of black crust, the outer layer consisted of a geochemical reaction front of euhedral crystals of iron sulfate and iron oxy-hydroxide species, formed by the interaction of seawater with the chemical wastes of the bacterial mat. Understanding this process has application for assessing the diverse and extreme conditions under which nano-particulate gold may form through biological processes, as well as understanding the conditions that contribute to the preservation or degradation of marine archaeological materials.
Hybrid Methodology for the Estimation of Crop Coefficients Based on Satellite Imagery and Ground-Based Measurements

The objective of the current study was the investigation of specific relationships between crop coefficients and vegetation indices (VI) computed at the water-limited environment of Lake Karla Watershed, Thessaly, in central Greece. A Mapping ET (evapotranspiration) at high Resolution and with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model was used to derive crop coefficient values during the growing season of 2012. The proposed methodology was developed using medium resolution Landsat 7 ETM+ images and meteorological data from a local weather station. Cotton, sugar beets, and corn fields were utilized. During the same period, spectral signatures were obtained for each crop using the field spectroradiometer GER1500 (Spectra Vista Corporation, NY, U.S.A.). Relative spectral responses (RSR) were used for the filtering of the specific reflectance values giving the opportunity to match the spectral measurements with Landsat ETM+ bands. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2) were then computed, and empirical relationships were derived using linear regression analysis. NDVI, SAVI, and EVI2 were tested separately for each crop. The resulting equations explained those relationships with a very high R2 value (>0.86). These relationships have been validated against independent data. Validation using a new image file after the experimental period gives promising results, since the modeled image file is similar in appearance to the initial one, especially when a crop mask is applied. The CROPWAT model supports those results when using the new crop coefficients to estimate the related crop water requirements. The main benefit of the new approach is that the derived relationships are better adjusted to the crops. The described approach is also less time-consuming because there is no need for atmospheric correction when working with ground spectral measurements.
Description of a new tribe Cabralcandonini (Candonidae,Ostracoda) from karst aquifers in central Texas, U.S.A

Cabralcandonini tribe n. , with the type genus Cabralcandona gen. n. from an artesian well in the San Marcos, Texas (U.S.A.) and six other genera from karst aquifers in Texas, is proposed as a new tribe of the subfamily Candoninae (Candonidae) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). The new tribe and genus have morphological features that distinguish them from other members of the subfamily. The most diagnostic characteristics of the type genus are (1) two horn-like structures developed on the anteroand postero-dorsal margins of the left valve, (2) numbers of central muscle scars, (3) hexagonal or pentagonal (honeycomb-like) ornamentation on the subrectangular shaped carapace, (4) four segmented second antenna in both sexes, (5) absence of an exopod on A2, (6) shape and size of Y aesthetasc, (7) absence of e, f and g setae on cleaning leg, (8) flagellum (whip-like) uropod morphology, (9) shape of hemipenis, and (10) reduction in number of segments and setae on other limbs. Taxonomic keys for the tribes of the subfamily Candoninae including Cabralcandonini tribe n. are presented.
GIS‐based susceptibility assessment of the occurrence of gully headcuts and pipe collapses in a semi‐arid environment: Golestan Province, NE Iran

When the effect of two soil erosion features, in this study, gully headcuts (GHs) and pipe collapses (PCs), is investigated jointly, a new comprehensive concept related to their controlling factors can be found. The objective of this paper to evaluate susceptibility to these two features in the hilly region of the Golestan Province (NE Iran), which may be helpful in land management and the sustainable development of the region. The maps of the controlling factors of GHs and PCs were constructed and the random forest algorithm was used to prioritize the factors controlling the occurrence of these two soil erosion features. The GHs and PCs susceptibility maps were prepared using the random forest model in the R software and validated applying the receiver operating characteristic curves, fourfold plot, and Cohen's kappa index, whereas the susceptibility map of the two soil erosion features was prepared by overlapping these maps. The results of factor importance analysis have indicated that land use, slope, and silt content are the most important factors in the occurrence of PCs, whereas slope gradient, silt content, and distance to streams are the most important in GHs occurrence. This means that steep and uncultivated slopes in the study area are most susceptible to GHs and PCs. The susceptibility models of GHs and PCs have excellent accuracy, that is, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of GHs and PCs models were 0.960 and 0.935, respectively. The susceptibility map of GHs and PCs analysed jointly has shown that 66% of the area is not susceptible to any of these soil erosion features, whereas 15% is susceptible to both of them. The places susceptible to the two types of soil erosion features (GHs and PCs) indicate the areas where there is a high probability of GHs retreat due to the PCs. This study has confirmed that it is feasible to forecast the spatial behaviour of GHs and PCs occurrence and development. This is particularly preferred when the developed methods are applied for the susceptibility evaluation under various mitigation scenarios.
Resilience of Society Pandansari Village, Ngantang District After the Eruption of Mount Kelud 2014

An eruption of Mount Kelud in 2014 was one of the disasters that affected large changes in society particularly in Pandansari Village, Ngantang District, Malang Region. In fact, the impact of the eruption affected the stable conditions of social structure, economy, and culture into vulnerable ones. One of the real impact was the geographical changes which also affected The sectors of the economy, the destruction of homes and bridges, closed farmland by lava and death of Sambong River flow. This study was aimed at looking at the efforts of adaptation and disaster recovery (resilience) of the society of Pandansari after the eruption of Mount Kelud 2014. This study used a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The results of this study explained the various efforts of resilience undertaken by the society of Pandansari Village such as changing the livelihood from being farmers into
Residual Maintenance Using Sodium Hypochlorite, Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, and Chlorine Dioxide in Laboratory Waters of Varying Turbidity

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are commonly used for household water treatment (HWT); chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a potential new HWT option. We compared the residual maintenance of NaOCl, NaDCC, and ClO2 over 24 hours using recommended dosages (2 and 4 mg/L) in waters of varying turbidity (0–300 NTU, from kaolin clay or creek-bottom sediments) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations (0–100 mg/L), for a total of 324 reactors. NaOCl and NaDCC had similar free chlorine decay rates, and ClO2 decayed more rapidly across all of the tested conditions. Little variability was observed across clay-based turbidity levels and TOC concentrations. With a dosage of 2 mg/L, a residual ≥0.2 mg/L was maintained at 30 NTU for NaOCl and 100 NTU for NaDCC; for ClO2, 4 mg/L were required to maintain ≥0.2 mg/L under all conditions except at zero turbidity. Comparisons with data from the literature suggest that the three compounds would inactivate E. coli, rotavirus, and Giardia cysts within 1 hour under all conditions, except 300 NTU for NaOCl and NaDCC. All three disinfectants are similarly efficacious for this usage; however, differences are seen in decay rates that may influence disinfectant selection depending on water storage time.
Wave Attenuation by
 Spartina
 Saltmarshes in the Chesapeake Bay Under Storm Surge Conditions

This material is based upon work supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the U.S. Department of the Interior under grant 43932.This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant SES‐1331399.This research was also supported in part by the Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust, Bank of America, Trustee. M. Maza, J.L. Lara, and I.J. Losada are indebted to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the funding provided in the RETOS INVESTIGACION 2014 (grant BIA2014‐59718‐R) grant program.
A Discourse Analysis of a Forum Discussion in Moodle

How does meaningful learning take place in an online course? What makes online learning environments such as a Learning Management System (LMS) different from merely accessing information on the web, such as through Google search? One way is through the exploitation of Online Discussion Forums. This study examines students’ narratives in a discussion forum on Moodle, using Giddens’ structuration theory. The objective is to demonstrate how the discussion forum can be used as a cognitive tool; how technology can be used to negotiate and construct knowledge. It adopts as a methodology the qualitative approach to the analysis of content instead of the frequency counts and other quantitative measures such as the number of postings of participants because ultimately, it is what takes place, not how much or how often it takes place, that determines whether learning has occurred. Following a face to face consideration of the subject of “Politeness” with students in the course “E1G 306—Discourse Analysis,” they were asked to respond to the question: “Are Women More Polite Than Men? ” The course was taught using the blended elearning approach, and online activities were asynchronous. Students were given three weeks to make contributions. The time frame was to mitigate the challenges of access such as power, slow connectivity and inadequate computers. All the postings were public and archived so that whole transcripts could be re8viewed as n eeded and readily accessible to all participants. They were required to respond to at least three other student postings in order to initiate a round of discussion among the participants. So they read other student responses and interpretations and compared these with their own thoughts. This involved the processes of deep reflection and the construction, refinement and re8construction of domains of knowledge. The resu lting kinds of learning from these processes were not a regurgitation of a lecture or reading, but a negotiated interpretation of students’ knowledge based on the application of learned theories.
Gait recognition under non-standard circumstances

This thesis will look at the biometric feature gait, and how different circumstances impact the ability to perform authentication. We will use an accelerometer sensor in order to record the data. First of all are we going to see if it possible to recognize users under different circumstances, then we will look for a common pattern among these different circumstances. We will also briefly look into whether people walk in the same way given the same circumstances. In order to answer these questions will we perform an experiment and do a thorough analysis of the data obtained. In a world where e.g. mobile devices becomes more and more important, it is obvious that the protection of these devices must be satisfactory. A possible security feature of such devices is to use gait authentication. When this shall become a reality however it is important that the authentication works under circumstances which are common during a normal day.
NEW RECORDS OF REEF AND SHORE FISHES FROM NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA

Location Latitude and Longitude Table 1 Locality data for new fish records from Western Australia. The fish fauna of reefs and shoals on the outer edge of Australia's North-West Shelf was summarised by Alien and Russell (1986) and Allen (1993). They reported 833 species, mainly from Rowley Shoals, Scott-Seringapatam Reefs, Ashmore Reef, and Cartier Island. Hutchins et al (1995) recorded 45 additional species from the area. The present paper reports 49 new records of reef and shore fishes for Western Australia, including 15 that are new to Australian seas. The fishes were collected or observed by the author on three expeditions between 1991 and 1994. The first of these involved a survey of coastal localities and offshore islands in the Kimberley region between Wyndham and Broome for 17 days in August 1991. A second trip of 19 days duration visited the Monte Bello Islands in August 1993. The final trip, in September 1994, made collections and observations at offshore reefs including Scott, Seringapatam, Ashmore, Hibernia, and Cartier, as well as Cassini Island on the Kimberley coast. Collections were obtained with a chemical ichthyocide (rotenone powder) and a small multiprong hand spear. In addition, a series of visual
Application of single neuron PID in multi-motor synchronous control

Aiming at the problem that the speed ratio of the motors is changed when the load was dynamic in the multi-motor synchronous control system,a single neuron PID synchronous control algorithm with the self-leaning and adaptive abilities was designed.Then the single neuron PID synchronous control rules were set in multi-motor synchronous control system.System simulation results indicate that the single neuron adaptive PID control algorithm effectively realizes multi-motor synchronous control with high convergence speed,better robustness and strong anti-jamming ability.Finally,the algorithm was used in Comber four-axis simultaneous control system.The results indicate that the single neuron adaptive PID synchronous algorithm can greatly enhance system dynamic performance,effectively alleviate synchronization error caused by the load.In the same disturb circumstance;the method could make synchronous performance of the motors better in certain speed.
Meridional Overturning and Heat Transport From Argo Floats Displacements and the Planetary Geostrophic Method (PGM): Application to the subpolar North Atlantic

Adirectmethod is presented to obtain themeridional overturning and heat transport in oceanic basins from observations under the sole assumptions of geostrophy and hydrostatics. The method is made possible because of the rising Argo float displacements database that can provide a reference level at 1000 dbar for the time mean circulation at 1° × 1° resolution. To achieve the overturning and heat transport objectives, the absolute geostrophic time mean circulation must have nondivergent barotropic transports and this requires the solutions of two Poisson equations with suitable boundary conditions, one for the geopotential at 1000 dbar and one for the barotropic stream function. Applied to the subpolar Atlantic for the period 2000–2009, an overturning of 16–18 Sv is found around 40–50°N, and a meridional heat transport of 0.59 petawatt (PW, 1 PW = 10 W) is found at 40°N (0.23 PW at 60°N) so that on average ~50 W/m is exported from ocean to atmosphere to feed the atmospheric storm track. The zonally averaged flow (the overturning) falls short of explaining the observed heat transport, and the barotropic component of the circulation accounts for up to 50% of the heat transport poleward of 55°N. With the rising Argo float database, the method offers high potential to reconstruct the World Ocean time mean circulation and its heat transport away from the equator at higher resolution. The drawback is that it requires in some critical places additional current observations on the shallow shelves that are not sampled by the Argo floats.