Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversidad morfológica de poblaciones nativas de chile poblano

La diversidad genetica existente en los diferentes tipos de chile en Mexico ha sido poco estudiada. El chile Poblano (Capsicum annuum L.) tiene gran importancia culinaria por ser ingrediente de platillos tradicionales de Puebla; ademas, constituye una fuente de ingresos para las familias rurales de la region de la Sierra Nevada de Puebla; sin embargo, no existe ningun estudio que determine la diversidad morfologica de las poblaciones nativas de este tipo de chile encontradas en este nicho ecologico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la diversidad morfologica de poblaciones nativas de chiles poblanos de la Sierra Nevada de Puebla. Mediante el uso de descriptores se analizaron 41 poblaciones de chile Poblano, cuatro de chile Ancho, dos de chile Loco, una de chile Miahuateco y el hibrido de chile Ancho “Doroteo” (Ahern Seeds®). Se utilizo un diseno experimental en bloques completos al azar triple en dos localidades de evaluacion. En los analisis de varianza combinados se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en 60% de las variables. Con la seleccion de 30 variables morfologicas se realizo un analisis de componentes principales, donde las poblaciones de chile Poblano formaron un grupo, separandose del resto de poblaciones evaluadas y del hibrido. Se realizo tambien un analisis de conglomerados, en el que se definieron cuatro subgrupos. Las poblaciones nativas que conformaron cada subgrupo no tuvieron relacion con el lugar geografico de colecta de su semilla, lo que sugiere el intercambio de germoplasma entre agricultores. En las poblaciones nativas de chile Poblano se encontro diversidad morfologica principalmente en variables de fruto, porte de la planta y precocidad.
Prevalence of oral diseases and the assessment of the simplified oral hygiene, decayed-missing-filling and community periodontal indices among inmates of the russian federation

To investigate the prevalence of oral diseases and to assess the simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) index, the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index and the community periodontal index (CPI) among inmates incarcerated in the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 175 male and 130 female inmates serving sentences at corrective colonies in the region of Kirov, Russia. Information about level of education, time of incarceration and general health status were collected via personal interviews. Additionally, the inmates underwent extraand intraoral exams in the search for clinically detectable lesions and oral diseases. A quantitative analysis of the oral health was established through the assessment of OHI-S, DMFT and CPI indices. These indices were statistically tested for their association with inmates’ time of incarceration and level of education. Complete dentition, partial tooth loss and edentulism were observed in 10.5%, 81.9% and 7.5% of the sample. Dental caries (92.4%), periodontal diseases (55.7% periodontitis and 33.1% gingivitis), diseases of pulp and periapical tissue (87.9%) were the most prevalent findings. The most prevalent disease in the oral mucosa was the cheilitis (64.9%) followed by glossitis (21.9%) and palatal nicotinic leukokeratosis (28.8%). OHI-S and DMFT indices showed strong positive association with time of incarceration and level of education. Higher index scores were observed in inmates in prison for a longer time and with a lower level of education (p=0.001). These outcomes highlight the need for promoting oral health care policies to inmates incarcerated in prisons of the Russian Federation.
Knowledge of human papillomavirus and attitudes to vaccination among Swedish high school students

The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge of and attitudes to sexually transmitted infection (STI) and STI prevention with special focus on human papillomavirus (HPV) and the new vaccine against HPV, among 16-year-old high school students in a Swedish context. A study-specific questionnaire was distributed to 572 first year high school students from five different high schools in a medium-sized town in Sweden. The students lacked knowledge of HPV and its association with cervical cancer. Similarly, their knowledge of the new vaccine was limited. Their attitude to condom use when having sex with a new partner was positive, but decreased if oral contraceptives were used and if they were vaccinated against an STI. The main source of information was the school, followed by youth clinics and the media. The results highlight the clinical importance for school nurses and personnel at youth clinics to inform adolescents about HPV and its association with cancer.
Rejection criteria for endotracheal aspirates from pediatric patients

Endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) from mechanically ventilated pediatric patients frequently are cultured as part of an evaluation for suspected sepsis. There are now well-defined criteria for rejecting low-yield ETAs from adults, but it is uncertain whether the same criteria can be applied to ETAs from children. Therefore, we compared the Gram stain and culture results for 361 consecutive ETA specimens collected from pediatric patients over a 1-year period. Results for patients for whom a blood culture was performed within 48 h of the time that a culture of ETA was performed were also reviewed. Gram stains were examined under x100 magnification to quantitate the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and squamous epithelial cells (SECs) per low-power field and under x1,000 magnification for the presence of organisms. No organisms were seen by Gram staining in 225 (62%) of the ETAs. Culture of these specimens rarely yielded useful information: 52% were sterile, 32% grew rare to 1+ quantities of expected respiratory flora only, 12% grew rare to 1+ quantities of gram-negative rods mixed with expected respiratory flora, and only 10 (4%) yielded a pure or predominant growth of a potential respiratory pathogen. Unlike adult patients, we did not find the number of SECs to be a useful screening criterion. Only 17 (5%) of the ETAs had greater than 10 SECs per low-power field, and 5 (29%) of these yielded pure growth of a gram-negative rod. When blood culture results were positive, they correlated with ETA culture results in only 6 of 10 cases. On the basis of our findings, the absence of organisms on Gram staining is a useful criterion for rejecting ETAs from pediatric patients for culture and would have excluded 62% of the specimens from further processing.
Why Semantic Differentials in Web-Based Research Should Be Made from Visual Analogue Scales and Not from 5-Point Scales

In a web experiment, participants were randomly assigned to two semantic differentials either made from discrete 5-point ordinal rating scales or from continuous visual analogue scales (VASs) with 250 gradations. Respondents adjusted their ratings with VASs more often to maximize the precision of answers, which had a beneficial effect on data quality. No side effects like differences in means, higher dropout, more nonresponse, or higher response times were observed. Overall, the combination of semantic differentials and VASs results in a number of advantages. Potential for further research is discussed.
Estimation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Plate-Fin Heat Sinks in a Closed Enclosure

— This study applies the inverse method and three-dimensional CFD commercial software in conjunction with the experimental temperature data to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the plate-fin heat sink in a closed rectangular enclosure for various values of fin height. The inverse method with the finite difference method and the experimental temperature data is applied to determine the heat transfer coefficient. The k-ε turbulence model is used to obtain the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics within the fins. To validate the accuracy of the results obtained, the comparison of the average heat transfer coefficient is made. The calculated temperature at selected measurement locations on the plate-fin is also compared with experimental data.
LEPTOSPIROSIS - CURRENT SCENARIO IN INDIA

Leptospirosis has long been considered a rare zoonotic disease in India with only sporadic cases being recorded. Since 1980’s the disease has been reported from various states during monsoon months in mini epidemic proportions. The disease is endemic in Kerala, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Andamans, Karnataka, Maharashtra. It has also been reported from Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi & Puducherry.
Hyperexcitability of Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons and Reorganization of Ion Channel Expression in a Rett Syndrome Model

People with Rett syndrome (RTT) have defects in motor function also seen in Mecp2‐null mice. Motor function depends on not only central motor commands but also sensory feedback that is vulnerable to changes in excitability of propriosensory neurons. Here we report evidence for hyperexcitability of mesencephalic trigeminal (Me5) neurons in Mecp2‐null mice and a novel cellular mechanism for lowering its impact. In in vitro brain slices, the Me5 neurons in both Mecp2−/Y male and symptomatic Mecp2+/− female mice were overly excitable showing increased firing activity in comparison to their wild‐type (WT) male and asymptomatic counterparts. In Mecp2−/Y males, Me5 neurons showed a reduced firing threshold. Consistently, the steady‐state activation of voltage‐gated Na+ currents (INa) displayed a hyperpolarizing shift in the Mecp2‐null neurons with no change in the INa density. This seems to be due to NaV1.1, SCN1B and SCN4B overexpression and NaV1.2 and SCN3B under‐expression. In contrast to the hyperexcitability, the sag potential and postinhibitory rebound (PIR) were reduced in Mecp2‐null mice. In voltage‐clamp, the IH density was deficient by ∼33%, and the steady‐state half‐activation had a depolarizing shift of ∼10 mV in the Mecp2‐null mice. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that HCN2 was decreased, HCN1 was upregulated with no change in HCN4 in Mecp2−/Y mice compared to WT. Lastly, blocking IH reduced the firing rate much more in WT than in Mecp2‐null neurons. These data suggest that the Mecp2 defect causes an increase in Me5 neuronal excitability likely attributable to alterations in INa, meanwhile IH is reduced likely altering neuronal excitability as well. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1151–1164, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic selection for high and low alcohol consumption in a limited-access paradigm.

BACKGROUND Several rat lines have been bred for their differences in alcohol consumption based on a continuous-access paradigm in which alcohol solution is available 24 hr/day. The limited-access paradigm (LAP), in which access to alcohol solution is restricted to a short period per day, however, has been used extensively to investigate the neurochemical mechanisms underlying alcohol consumption. There is evidence of possible differences in genetic determination of alcohol drinking in a continuous- versus limited-access condition. For these reasons, selective breeding for high- and low-alcohol consumption (HARF and LARF, respectively) based on a LAP was conducted. METHODS N/Nih rats were used as the breeding stock. A within-family breeding procedure was used to develop HARF and LARF lines with 10 families per line. Access to alcohol solution was restricted to 20 min/day. Alcohol was provided as 3%, 6% and 12% w/v solutions. Average intake of alcohol during the 12% phase was used as the selection criterion. Inbreeding began in the seventh generation. RESULTS After the sixth generation of selection, rats from the HARF line consumed an average of 1.2 g/kg, whereas rats from the LARF line consumed an average of 0.6 g/kg of alcohol during the 20-min access period. Alcohol consumption remained stable over the next eight generations of inbreeding. In the continuous-access-drinking paradigm, the HARF and LARF rats consumed an average of 5.5 to 7.0 g/kg and 1.0 to 2.0 g/kg of alcohol per day respectively. An estimated heritability of 0.25 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that alcohol drinking in the LAP is influenced by genetic factors. Differences in alcohol drinking in the LAP also generalize to continuous access drinking. These rat lines will be very useful for investigations into the genetic and neurochemical mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking.
Analyzing the Impact of External and Internal Cohesion on the Change-Proneness of Web APIs

Several metrics have been proposed in literature to highlight change-prone software components in order to ease their maintainability. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such studies exist for web APIs (i.e., APIs exposed and accessible via networks) whose popularity has grown considerably over the last years. Web APIs are considered contracts between providers and consumers and stability is a key quality attribute of them. We present a qualitative and quantitative study of the change-proneness of web APIs with low external and internal cohesion. First, we report on an online survey to investigate the maintenance scenarios that cause changes to web APIs. Then, we define an internal cohesion metric and analyze its correlation with the changes performed in ten well known WSDL APIs. Our results provide several insights into the interface, method, and data-type change-proneness of web APIs with low internal and external cohesion. The results assist both providers and consumers in assessing the stability of web APIs, and provide directions for future research.
SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS – THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE IN DEALING WITH DIFFICULT SITUATIONS

The main purpose of the article is to show social support of people with disabilities from a structural perspective. This perspective shows the relationship between the structure of social networks of people with disabilities and the actions they take in difficult situations. The very level of embedding of individuals in social networks is an important factor enabling them to benefit from social support and resources that are available in social networks. Without social relationships with people who form social environments of an individual, people with disabilities cannot rely on help in overcoming difficulties. Support is not possible without the presence of others who are willing to provide it. The analysis will be based on data collected in Social Diagnosis in 2015, which will allow reconstructing the size of social networks of people with disabilities in terms of their number of interactions with family, friends and acquaintances.
YouTube interactions between agonism, antagonism and dialogue: Video responses to the anti-Islam film Fitna

Fitna is a 2008 short film made by a Dutch member of parliament to support his fight against Islam. It shows shocking footage of terrorism, violence and women’s oppression and claims that these are inherent to Islam. The film caused immense controversy and mobilized people across the world to produce and upload their own views to YouTube. In this article we analyze these videos using different theoretical models of democratic interaction, and distinguishing between antagonism, ‘agonism’ and dialogue. On the basis of a cybermetric network analysis we find that the videos are mostly isolated reactions to the film. Only 13 percent or fewer of the posters interacted with each other through comments, subscriptions or ‘friendship’. These interactions could be qualified as antagonistic or agonistic, but very rarely involved dialogue. We therefore conclude that YouTube enabled a multiplication of views rather than an exchange or dialogue between them.
Control dlx 3 b and dlx 4 b function in the development of Rohon-Beard sensory neurons and trigeminal placode in the zebrafish neurula

Rohon-Beard sensory neurons, neural crest cells, and sensory placodes can be distinguished at the boundary of the embryonic epidermis (skin) and the neural plate. The inductive signals at the neural plate border region are likely to involve a gradient of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) in conjunction with FGF and Wnts and other signals. However, how these signals are transduced to produce the final cell fate remains to be determined. Recent evidence from Xenopus and chick suggest that Dlx genes are required for the generation of cell fates at the neural plate border (McLarren, K.W., Litsiou, A., Streit, A., 2003. DLX5 positions the neural crest and preplacode region at the border of the neural plate. Dev. Biol. 259, 34-47; Woda, J.M., Pastagia, J., Mercola, M., Artinger, K.B., 2003. Dlx proteins position the neural plate border and determine adjacent cell fates. Development 130, 331-342). In the present study, we extend these findings to zebrafish, where we unequivocally demonstrate that dlx3b and dlx4b function in a dose-dependent manner to specify cell fates such as Rohon-Beard sensory neurons and trigeminal sensory placodes. dlx function was examined by inhibiting: (1) protein levels with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs), and (2) activity by repressing the ability of dlx-homeodomain to bind to downstream targets (EnR-dlx3bhd mRNA; dlx3b homeodomain fused to Engrailed transcriptional repressor domain). Inhibition of dlx3b and dlx4b protein and activity resulted in the reduction or complete loss of Rohon-Beard (RB) sensory neurons and trigeminal (TG) sensory placodes. These data suggest that dlx3b and dlx4b function in the specification of RB neurons and trigeminal sensory placodes in zebrafish. Further, we have shown that dlx3b and dlx4b function in a non-cell-autonomous manner for RB neuron development; dlx3b and dlx4b act to regulate bmp2b expression at the non-neural ectodermal border. These data suggest that the contribution of dlx3b and dlx4b to neural plate border formation is partially non-cellautonomous acting via BMP activity. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pilot study of the roles of personality, references, and personal statements in relation to performance over the five years of a medical degree

Abstract Objectives: To compare the power of three traditional selection procedures (A levels, personal statements, and references) and one non-traditional selection procedure (personality) to predict performance over the five years of a medical degree. Design: Cohort study over five years. Setting: Nottingham medical school. Participants: Entrants in 1995. Main outcome measures: A level grades, amounts of information contained in teacher's reference and the student's personal statement, and personality scores examined in relation to 18 different assessments. Results: Information in the teacher's reference did not consistently predict performance. Information in the personal statement was predictive of clinical aspects of training, whereas A level grades primarily predicted preclinical performance. The personality domain of conscientiousness was consistently the best predictor across the course. A structural model indicated that conscientiousness was positively related to A level grades and preclinical performance but was negatively related to clinical grades. Conclusion: A teacher's reference is of no practical use in predicting clinical performance of medical students, in contrast to the amount of information contained in the personal statement. Therefore, simple quantification of the personal statement should aid selection. Personality factors, in particular conscientiousness, need to be considered and integrated into selection procedures.
EXPLAINING INTENTION TO USE AN ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEM : A REPLICATION AND EXTENSION

Original scientific paper Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) plays an important role in handling the organizations’ information flow due to shorter cycle and faster information transactions. Hence, it is crucial to understand the implementation of ERP as it ensures that management could make better strategic decisions. This paper extends existing models to study the impact of shared beliefs concerning the benefits of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) among users. Factors such as project champion, training, shared beliefs, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude towards use were found to be significant in determining intention to use ERP system. The findings support the notion that systems or technologies, which are perceived to be easy to use and understand, would be viewed as more useful from the end-user’s perspective. Implications of the findings, potential limitations of the study, and directions for future research are suggested.
The role of respondent gender and sexual orientation in shaping punitive attitudes and perceptions of responsibility for same- and opposite-sex student-teacher relationships

ABSTRACT The sexual double standard posits that men and women are perceived differently for their sexual experiences, including experiences of sexual violence and misconduct. This study explores these gendered perceptions for situations involving teacher-student sexual contact where the student is a minor. A quasi-experimental vignette design (n = 648 respondents), where the gender of the teacher and student, is used to explore how both same and opposite sex teacher-student gender dyads shape perceptions of the teacher and student, including responsibility, positive outcomes for the student, and punitive attitudes. We found that men are less likely to hold the teacher responsible and more likely to indicate positive student outcomes while women are more punitive toward the teacher. Respondent sexual orientation largely did not influence perceptions. We situate these findings in the literature on child sexual abuse involving authority figures and the implications for theory are discussed.
Exposure to Antidepressant Medications and Suicide Attempts in Adult Depressed Inpatients

Abstract The effects of antidepressant medication on suicide risk remain unclear. This study explores any association between antidepressant medication and suicide attempts leading to hospitalization in adult depressed patients.The medical records of 103 patients admitted after a suicide attempt were examined and compared with those of a matched control group of depressed patients (n = 103) admitted without suicide attempts as well as a patient group with and without suicide attempts on separate hospitalizations (n = 25). No significant difference in antidepressant medication exposure before hospitalization was found between groups. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure was higher in patients with suicide attempts, albeit nonsignificant, but was identical in patients admitted on two occasions with and without suicide attempts. The most common method for suicide attempt was drug overdose (52.4%). Patients in the group with suicide attempts had significantly more past suicide attempts. Study results do not confirm any relationship between antidepressants and suicide attempts. Close monitoring of depressed patients is advised especially in early treatment.