Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrocortical pathology in a rat model of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes severe disruption of cerebral electrical activity and electroencephalography (EEG) is emerging as a standard tool to monitor TBI patients in the acute period of risk for secondary injuries. However, animal studies of EEG pathology in the context of TBI are surprisingly sparse, largely because of the lack of real-time continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring in animal TBI models. Here, we performed long-term EEG monitoring to study nonconvulsive seizures (NCS), periodic epileptiform discharges (PED), and EEG power spectra following three injury severity levels in a rat model of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI). EEG signals were recorded continuously from bilateral hemispheres of freely behaving rats for 72 h and for 2 h on days 7 and 14 after the injury. We report that the incidence of NCS and PED positively correlated with the injury severity, where 13%, 39%, and 59% of the animals exhibited NCS, and 0%, 30%, and 65% of the animals exhibited PED following 5%, 10% and 12.5% PBBI, respectively. Similar correlations existed for the number of NCS and PED events and their duration. NCS and PED occurred either independently or in tandem. Longer NCS durations were associated with larger lesion volumes. Significant EEG slowing evidenced by the EEG power shift toward the δ frequency band (0.5-4 Hz) occurred within 2 h after PBBI, which resolved over time but persisted longer after greater injury severity. In contrast, decreases in higher frequency power (i.e., 30-35 Hz) remained depressed throughout 14 days. This is the first long-term cEEG study of the acute injury phase in a rat model of severe TBI, demonstrating common occurrences of clinically observed electrocortical pathology, such as NCS, PED, and cortical slowing. These EEG pathologies may serve as critical care biomarkers of brain injury, and offer clinically relevant metrics for studying acute therapeutic interventions.
Lifestyle and Depressive Risk Factors Associated With Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents in an Arabian Gulf Culture

Background:The use of the Internet has increased around the world but more so in the Middle Eastern countries, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. This has also produced problematic Internet use (PIU) with potential detrimental effects on physical, mental, and psychosocial health. Aim:To determine the prevalence of PIU and its association with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), comorbid, and lifestyle factors among adolescent and young adult (12- to 25-year-old) Qatari population. Design:A cross-sectional survey. Setting:All public and private schools and university under the Supreme Council of Education and Higher Education in Doha, Qatar. Subjects and Methods:A total of 3000 students (12-25 years of age) were selected through multistage stratified random sampling from public and private schools and university under the overall administration of Qatar Supreme Council of Education. Among them, 2298 students (76.6%) consented to participate in the study during September 2009 to October 2010. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire including sociodemographic details, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Problematic Internet use and depressive tendencies were measured through validated Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and BDI. Results:Of 2298, 71.6% were males and 28.4% were females. The overall prevalence of PIU was 17.6%. This study revealed that a significantly larger proportion of males (64.4%; P = 0.001) and Qatari students (62.9%; P < 0.001) had PIU. Students with PIU slept significantly less number of hours (6.43 ± 1.70) than non-PIU group (6.6 ± 1.80; P = 0.027). The proportion of students participating in moderate physical activity was significantly lower among those with PIU than in other group (47.8% vs 55.7%; P = 0.005). Qatari nationality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; P < 0.001), male sex (OR = 1.40; P < 0.001), having nonworking mother (housewife) (OR = 1.34; P = 0.009), eating fast foods (OR = 1.57; P < 0.001), and BDI score (OR = 1.14; P = 0.003) were positively associated with PIU, whereas moderate and mild physical activity were negatively associated with PIU (OR = 0.73, P = 0.002; OR, 0.77, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions:This study adds to the growing body of evidence linking PIU with negative lifestyle and depressive risk factors, among vulnerable adolescent and young adult. Problematic Internet use is becoming a significant public health issue that requires urgent attention.
A COMPARISON OF NORMAL SALINE AND LACTATED RINGER ' S IV SOLUTION IN THE TREATMENT OF SHOCK

In most cases of shock reducing morbidity and mortality depends on adequate, appropriate, and timely fluid resuscitation. To develop an effective resuscitation plan the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP) must consider several important factors. Currently a wide variety of literature exists on the treatment of patients in need of fluid resuscitation due to shock; however there is limited agreement on a fluid or combination of fluids that provide the most benefit. The purpose of this project is to review the resuscitation literature related to the use of normal saline and lactated Ringer’s for shock resuscitation. The review examines the literature concerning the effect of these fluids on metabolic pH, coagulation factors, the inflammatory cascade, and cellular apoptosis. Data show that large volumes of normal saline does cause a metabolic acidosis and dilutes circulating clotting factors, however this appears to be transitory. Lactated Ringer’s does not cause a metabolic acidosis, but more fluid is required for resuscitation from massive hemorrhage and it increases the rate of cellular apoptosis. Both fluids cause an increase in adhesion properties (CD18), an indication of inflammatory response. Currently there is no ideal resuscitation fluid and consideration should be given to including both fluids for large volume resuscitation. A combination mitigates the potential consequences that occur with one fluid alone. It is important for the ACNP utilize the current literature to design a resuscitation strategy that meets the needs of the patient but minimizes the long term complications.
Upon the relationship between secretory otitis in childhood and chronic otitis and its sequelae in adults

A new theory is put forward to the effect that chronic middle-ear disease results directly from secretory otitis in childhood. The theory is based on an analysis of different materials, including healthy children in various age groups who were followed with tympanometry over a long period of time; children with secretory otitis who were re-evaluated 3-8 years after treatment, with special reference to changes in the tympanic membrane; and an otosurgical group comprising 1,100 ears, which were re-evaluated 3-14 years after operation. Chronic secretory otitis and chronic tubal dysfunction, which are particularly frequent in childhood, may cause such changes in the tympanic membrane and/or middle ear, that conditions are created which later on, maybe years after remission of secretory otitis, may favour the development of cholesteatoma, non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis and perforation of the tympanic membrane.
Analyzing Complaint Intentions in Online Shopping - The Perspective of Justice, Technology and Trust

Customers’ complaint behaviors are the key to repurchase intention in online shopping. An understanding of the behaviors can provide insight to failed service experience and in turn, effectively redress their problems. Therefore, it is important to examine the underlying drivers of complaint intentions in online shopping. Online shopping is operated in a web-based virtual store. Online shoppers are both the buyers of products and users of web-sites. Moreover, trust belief on e-vendors determines the psychological state of individual shopping behaviors. Three major concerns particularly arise in this context, individual behavior, technology use, and trust. This study thus proposed a novel research model in an integration of justice, technology use, and trust issues to examine customer satisfaction and complaint behaviors. Data were collected from an online survey with online-shopping experience. The empirical results indicated that distributive justice and interactional justice contribute significantly to customer satisfaction and complaint intentions as procedural justice does not. Technology-based features and trust belief are both important in determining the two target variables. Implications for managers and scholars are further discussed.
Primary Correction of the Unilateral Cleft Lip Nose: A 15-Year Experience

This paper reviews a 15-year personal experience based on 400 unilateral cleft nasal deformities that were reconstructed using a method that repositions the alar cartilage by freeing it from the skin and lining and shifts it to a new position. The rotation-advancement lip procedure facilitates the exposure and approach to the nasal reconstruction. The nasal soft tissues are transected from the skeletal base, reshaped, repositioned, and secured by using temporary stent sutures that readapt the alar cartilage, skin, and lining. The nasal floor is closed and the ala base is positioned to match the normal side. Good subsequent growth with maintenance of the reconstruction has been noted in this series. The repair does not directly expose or suture the alar cartilage. Improvement in the cleft nasal deformity is noted in 80 percent of the cases. Twenty percent require additional techniques to achieve the desired symmetry. This method has been used by the author as his primary unilateral cleft nasal repair and has been taught to residents and fellows under his direction with good results. This technique eliminates the severe cleft nasal deformity seen in many secondary cases.
nduction and control of the type I interferon pathway by Bluetongue irus

The innate immune response is the first line of defence against viruses, involving the production of type I IFN (IFN/ ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines that control the infection. It also shapes the adaptive immune response generated by both T and B cells. Production of type I IFN occurs both in vivo and in vitro in response to Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne virus. However, the mechanisms responsible for the production of IFNin response to BTV remained unknown until recently and are still not completely understood. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the identification of cellular sensors and signalling pathways involved in this process. The RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible geneI (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) were shown to be involved in the expression of IFNas well as in the control of BTV infection in non-haematopoietic cells. In contrast, induction of IFN/ synthesis in sheep primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) required the MyD88 adaptor independently of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), as well as the kinases dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). As type I IFN is essential for the establishment of an antiviral cellular response, most of viruses have elaborated counteracting mechanisms to hinder its action. This review also addresses the ability of BTV to interfere
Two distinct subtypes of right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia

Background: Right temporal frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an anatomic variant of FTD associated with relatively distinct behavioral and cognitive symptoms. We aimed to determine whether right temporal FTD is a homogeneous clinical, imaging, and pathologic/genetic entity. Methods: In this case-control study, 101 subjects with FTD were identified. Atlas-based parcellation generated temporal, frontal, and parietal grey matter volumes which were used to identify subjects with a right temporal dominant atrophy pattern. Clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, and neuropathologic features were reviewed. The subjects with right temporal FTD were grouped by initial clinical diagnosis and voxel-based morphometry was used to assess grey matter loss in the different groups, compared to controls, and each other. Results: We identified 20 subjects with right temporal FTD. Twelve had been initially diagnosed with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), and the other 8 with semantic dementia (SMD). Personality change and inappropriate behaviors were more frequent in the bvFTD group, while prosopagnosia, word-finding difficulties, comprehension problems, and topographagnosia were more frequent in the SMD group. The bvFTD group showed greater loss in frontal lobes than the SMD group. The SMD group showed greater fusiform loss than the bvFTD group. All 8 bvFTD subjects with pathologic/genetic diagnosis showed abnormalities in tau protein (7 with tau mutations), while all three SMD subjects with pathology showed abnormalities in TDP-43 (p = 0.006). Conclusions: We have identified 2 subtypes of right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) allowing further differentiation of FTD subjects with underlying tau pathology from those with TDP-43 pathology.
A Commentary to Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason'

THE term critique or criticism, as employed by Kant, is of English origin. It appears in seventeenth and eighteenth century English, chiefty in adjectival form, as a literary and artistic term—for instance, in the works of Pope, who was Kant’s favourite English poet. Kant was the first to employ it in German, extending it from the field of aesthetics to that of general philosophy. A referente in Kant’s Logic1 to Home’s Elements of Criticism2 would seem to indicate that it was Home’s use of the term which suggested to him its wider employment. “Critique of pure reason,” in its primary meaning, signifies the passing of criticai judgments upon pure reason. In this sense Kant speaks of his time as “the age of criticism (Zeitalter der Kritik). ” Frequently, however, he takes the term more specifically as meaning a criticai investigation leading to positive as well as to negative results, Occasionally, especially in the Dialectic, it also signifies a discipline applied to pure reason, limiting it within due bounds, The first appearance of the word in Kant’s writings is in 1765 in the Nachricht3 of his lectures for the winter term 1765–1766.
Criminal Recidivism in Sexual Homicide Perpetrators

Forensic psychiatric reports on 166 sexual homicide perpetrators in Germany were retrospectively analyzed for criminal risk factors. Follow-up information about release and reconvictions from federal criminal records was available for 139 offenders; 90 (64.7%) had been released. The estimated recidivism rate (Kaplan—Meier analyses) for 20 years at risk was 23.1% for sexual and 18.3% for nonsexual violent reoffences. Three men (3.3%) were reconvicted for attempted or completed homicide. Only young age at the time of sexual homicide resulted in higher sexual recidivism, whereas increased nonsexual violent recidivism was related to previous sexual and nonsexual delinquency, psychopathic symptoms, and higher scores in risk assessment instruments. Increased recidivism with any violent reoffence was associated with age-related factors: young age at first sexual offence, at homicide, and at release and duration of detention. The impacts of the results for risk assessment, relapse prevention, and supervision are discussed.
In search of a new paradigm: mechanisms of sensitization and elicitation of food allergy *

In this review of research priorities, presented for the European Commission, food allergy is established as a disease with a considerable impact on modern society. Research paradigms have changed from establishing basic symptomatology and diagnostic methods over allergen characterization to a risk‐identification approach looking at which patients are at risk of developing reactions to a certain dose of allergenic food. In order to solve some of the apparent paradoxes of regional, temporal, and species‐related differences in sensitization and food allergic reactions, it is suggested to study the basic underlying mechanisms in the cross‐field between immunology and gastroenterology. Research priorities should include the molecular basis of cross‐reactivity, the digestion and maintenance of antigenicity, the genetics of food allergy, and the immune response to food antigens and effects on the gastrointestinal immune system by food matrices and the microbial gut‐flora. Necessary methods with be spanning from molecular biology to large‐scale clinical and epidemiological studies.
Mutations that define the optimal half-site for binding yeast GCN4 activator protein and identify an ATF/CREB-like repressor that recognizes similar DNA sites

The yeast GCN4 transcriptional activator protein binds as a dimer to a dyad-symmetric sequence, indicative of a protein-DNA complex in which two protein monomers interact with adjacent half-sites. However, the optimal GCN4 recognition site, ATGA(C/G)TCAT, is inherently asymmetric because it contains an odd number of base pairs and because mutation of the central C.G base pair strongly reduces specific DNA binding. From this asymmetry, we suggested previously that GCN4 interacts with nonequivalent and possibly overlapping half-sites (ATGAC and ATGAG) that have different affinities. Here, we examine the nature of GCN4 half-sites by creating symmetrical derivatives of the optimal GCN4 binding sequence that delete or insert a single base pair at the center of the site. In vitro, GCN4 bound efficiently to the sequence ATGACGTCAT, whereas it failed to bind to ATGAGCTCAT or ATGATCAT. These observations strongly suggest that (i) GCN4 specifically recognizes the central base pair, (ii) the optimal half-site for GCN4 binding is ATGAC, not ATGAG, and (iii) GCN4 is a surprisingly flexible protein that can accommodate the insertion of a single base pair in the center of its compact binding site. The ATGACGTCAT sequence strongly resembles sites bound by the yeast and mammalian ATF/CREB family of proteins, suggesting that GCN4 and the ATF/CREB proteins recognize similar half-sites but have different spacing requirements. Unexpectedly, in the context of the his3 promoter, the ATGACGTCAT derivative reduced transcription below the basal level in a GCN4-independent manner, presumably reflecting DNA binding by a distinct ATF/CREB-like repressor protein. In other promoter contexts, however, the same site acted as a weak upstream activating sequence.
KENOSIS AND EMERGENCE: A THEOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS

Emergence, a hot topic of discussion for the last several years, has implications not only for the study of science but also for theology. I survey Philip Clayton's book Mind & Emergence, drawing from it and applying some of its philosophical principles to a theological interpretation of emergence. This theological interpretation is supplemented by a brief examination of relevant biblical usages of the term kenosis. From this exploration of kenosis, I assert that the Spirit is kenotically poured into creation, which onsets the long and laborious process of prebiotic evolution, leading to biological evolution toward increasing complexity. The complexification of matter, then, has its ontological origin in and through the agency of the Spirit of God. As such, the concept of creatio continua, continuing creation, is defended. The Spirit enables emergence by endowing creation and creatures with the ability to unfold by apparent natural processes according to their own inherent potentialities and possibilities. This essay contributes to a systematic theology of creation by constructing a theological synthesis between kenosis and emergence.
Prognostic Value of flow cytometric DNA content analysis in granulosa cell tumor of the ovary

The nuclear DNA content and S‐phase fraction of 23 ovarian granulosa cell tumors were measured from paraffin‐embedded tissue with flow cytometry. Crude survival of the patients with a euploid tumor (17 diploid, one tetraploid) was more favorable than that of the patients with an aneuploid tumor (n = 5, P = 0.02). The percentage of S‐phase cells was a good predictor of survival. If more than 6% S‐phase cells were present in the DNA histogram, both crude survival (P = 0.0001) and survival corrected for intercurrent deaths (P = 0.0001) were clearly inferior as compared with tumors with less than 6% S‐phase cells. The results indicate that DNA flow cytometric study may provide a rapid and valuable method to predict the biological behavior of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.
In vitro lipogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues of the female Aylesbury duck at different ages.

Synopsis The in vitro incorporation of [U — 14C]‐glucose into total lipids was uniformly high in liver slices from birds aged 2, 4 and 10 weeks. The separate addition of prolactin, oestrogen or insulin in vitro always failed to increase the rate of lipogenesis. The rate of incorporation of [U — 14C] glucose in vitro into total lipids of subcutaneous, peritoneal and inguinal adipose tissues decreased with age and was considerably lower than that in the liver. There was no difference between the rates of lipid synthesis in adipose tissues from different sites. Whereas 75% of the glucose converted into total lipids by the liver was recovered as fatty acids, the proportion was only 9 to 15% for adipose tissues. These results suggest that adipose tissue is not an important site for the synthesis of lipid de novo in the growing duck. Hepatic lipogenesis did not reflect the previously reported changes in the rate of fat deposition during growth in the duck.
Embedding Information Security Culture Emerging Concerns and Challenges

The behaviour of employees has been identified as a key factor in the protection of organizational information. As such, many researchers have called for information security culture (ISC) to be embedded into organizations to positively influence employee behaviour towards protecting organizational information. Despite claims that ISC may influence employee behaviours to protect organizational information, there is little empirical work that examines the embedding of ISC into organizations. This paper argues that embedding ISC should not only focus on employee behaviour, but rather in a holistic manner, involve everyone in the organization. The argument is developed through case studies in two organizations based on semi structured interviews of respondents, observations, and documents analysis from each organization. The results show that the challenges of embedding ISC are not as simple as changing employee behaviour and technical aspects of security. Rather, the more challenging problem is how to embed ISC in a holistic manner that includes senior management support and involvement to instil awareness through mandatory training with a clear assignment of responsibility and constant enforcement of security policies and procedures. We believe that the findings will provide researchers in ISC with a broader view of how ISC can be embedded in organizations.
Complexity of Lectin‐Mediated Reactions in Bacteria‐Induced Histamine Release

We have earlier suggested that bacteria‐induced histamine release is caused by different mechanisms, including allergic and non‐immunological mechanisms, and that the latter probably depends on lectin‐mediated reactions. Two possibilities of lectin‐mediated reactions were examined in this study, bacterial surface lectins bind to sugars on the basophil cell membrane leading to histamine release, and the reverse reaction where bacterial aminosugars react with lectins on the basophil cell surface. In the bacterial histamine release caused by the Staph. aureus strain Wood 46 it was possible to demonstrate a reverse reaction, but not a bacterial lectin‐mediated reaction. The reaction seems to be complex, as lower concentrations of sugars might potentiate the release of histamine by binding to the target cell or bacteria, while the release is inhibited by higher concentrations.