Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role for NUP62 depletion and PYK2 redistribution in dendritic retraction resulting from chronic stress

Significance Associated with depression and cognitive impairment, chronic stress causes reversible dendritic shrinkage particularly evident in the hippocampal CA3 region in several animal models. In further elucidating the molecular events leading to dendritic shrinkage, this study reveals two unexpected mechanisms reduction in translated transcripts of a nuclear pore complex protein, nucleoporin p62 (NUP62), and tyrosine phosphorylation of NUP62, that appear to act cumulatively in chronic stress to reduce NUP62 content in CA3 neurons. Subcellular redistribution of activated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 in chronically stressed pyramidal neurons suggests a mechanism for stress-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of NUP62. Furthermore, evidence from cultured hippocampal neurons shows that diminishing the content of NUP62, which functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport and chromatin organization, results in simplification and shortening of dendritic arbors. Genetic evidence suggests cell-type–specific functions for certain nucleoporins, and gene expression profiling has revealed that nucleoporin p62 (NUP62) transcripts are decreased in the prefrontal cortex of major depressives. Chronic stress, which can precipitate depression, induces changes in the architecture and plasticity of apical dendrites that are particularly evident in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Genetically targeted translating ribosome affinity purification revealed a selective reduction in translated Nup62 transcripts in CA3 of chronically stressed mice, and the Nup62 protein content of nuclei extracted from whole hippocampus was found to be decreased in chronically stressed rats. In cultured cells, phosphorylation of a FAK/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) consensus site in the alpha-helical domain of NUP62 (human Y422) is shown to be associated with shedding of NUP62 from the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and/or retention of NUP62 in the cytoplasm. Increased levels of phospho-Y425 Nup62 were observed in cytoplasmic fractions of hippocampi from chronically stressed rats, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed redistribution of activated Pyk2 to the perinuclear region of stressed pyramidal neurons. Depletion of Nup62 from cultured embryonic day 18 rat hippocampal and cortical neurons resulted in simplification and retraction of dendritic arbors, without disruption of axon initial segment integrity. Thus, at least two types of mechanisms—one affecting expression and the other association with the NPC—could contribute to loss of NUP62 from CA3 pyramidal neurons during chronic stress. Their combined actions may account for the enhanced responsiveness of CA3 apical dendrites to chronic stress and may either be pathogenic or serve to protect CA3 neurons from permanent damage.
Technology Use in Middle-Grades Teacher Preparation Programs

Changes in reading and reading comprehension precipitated by the emergence of the Internet and related to information and digital communication applications have been noted in the reading and literacy fields for some time now. Teacher-education programs play a special role in preparing teachers for instruction that capitalizes on such changes. The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which teacher-education programs help teachers to embrace and critique technology, and literacies they engender, in teaching reading at the middle-school level. The study found the middle-grades teacher-education programs in this study encourage the use of a range of technology tools. Although traditional technology was viewed and used frequently for the purpose of teacher and student productivity (e.g., to record, display, or deliver information), information/communication as well as multimedia applications were viewed more often as sources of multimodal and interactive texts and as tools for meaning representation. Although the new generation web tools such as blogs, Google tools, or webcasting applications were recognized as new types of texts, many of the multimodal texts and media that preservice teachers were exposed to or explored for classroom use in this study were, however, older-generation applications such as PowerPoint presentations, magazines, or environmental signs and symbols. Additionally, teacher educators' and their students' access to basic reading software, including fluency and comprehension programs, was limited. Implications from these findings are further discussed.
The dark side of ERP implementations: narratives of domination, confusion and disruptive ambiguity

This paper explores end-user perceptions of poorly implemented enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) from the perspective of a primary frontline user. This exploration analyses three case studies – from Australia, the United Kingdom and Denmark. Through these cases, we find three areas of concern: the reaction of implemented systems to existing work processes; the suspicion among workers that management has a hidden agenda in implementing an ERP system; and the perception that the implemented system is poorly aligned and leads to process duplication. The objective of this research is to see how ERP implementations have consequences that go beyond current research which, in the main, frames ERPs in a positive light and does not critically evaluate them. Our research demonstrates that, while major work groups in an organisation may appear to accommodate the ERP implementation, many individuals are very concerned about how the ERP disrupts their work. Our research demonstrates that there may be ‘dark’ consequences arising from an ERP implementation. These are likely to include unauthorised software development to fit previous work processes, confusion and little understanding of the new business processes. The result is an overall lack of trust in the efficacy of the system.
Dynamics of Segregation and Earnings in Brown-collar Occupations

Panel analyses of occupation-level data derived from Los Angeles census data elucidate both the limited labor market success of recent-immigrant Latinos and their potential impact on natives. The author investigates (a) trends in representation of newcomer Latinos in occupations that started with relatively undesirable characteristics and (b) pay degradation (for natives and immigrants) in occupations with strong overrepresentations of newcomer Latinos. Recent-immigrant Latinos increasingly concentrated in poorly paid, irregular occupations where same-gender coethnics were already overrepresented. For men, these were fields with low experience requirements; women's shifts appear unrelated to skill, suggesting increased occupational closure. Importantly, deepening marginalization of newcomer Latinos in brown-collar occupations was accompanied by depreciation in median pay for both immigrant and native incumbents, suggesting an occupation-level contributor to newcomer Latinos' decreasing relative earnings as well as an avenue by which immigrants may adversely affect native workers. Thus far, national, cross-sectional studies of pay penalties associated with ethnic composition have produced ambiguous results. Longitudinal analyses of one ethnic and/or immigrant group in a single local labor market increase understanding of the relation of earnings to minority composition in general.
Democracy and Education in Twentieth‐Century Latin America

type="main" xml:id="ecpo12033-abs-0001"> Do democratic electoral systems strengthen a country's outcomes in education? Does the degree of inclusiveness of a democratic system matter? This article offers evidence that political competition and the inclusion of marginalized populations in electoral systems transformed education over an 80-year period in Latin America. It finds that democracy has a positive effect on education enrollment and illustrates how current work on democracy and development has overlooked important democratic subcomponents, specifically, who votes and how. Our results deepen current work on democracy, operationalizing the impact of electoral expansion in comparative analysis and showing how democracies respond to specific education demands.
Critical tumor‐suppressor gene regions on chromosome 3P in major human epithelial malignancies: Allelotyping and quantitative real‐time PCR

To ascertain the involvement of human chromosome 3p and its established critical TSG regions in various epithelial malignancies, 21 polymorphic and 2 nonpolymorphic 3p markers were allelotyped in nonpapillary RCC, NSCLC, CC and BC from a total of 184 patients. LOH was observed with high frequency in all types of cancer studied: RCC (52/57, 91%), BC (41/51, 80%), NSCLC (30/40, 75%) and CC (27/36, 75%). Interstitial deletions, believed to signal TSG inactivation, were verified using the “L‐allele rule” and real‐time quantitative PCR. Significant correlation was observed between DNA copy numbers for 2 nonpolymorphic STS markers and LOH data for adjacent polymorphic loci. Interstitial deletions in 3p were demonstrated for all cancer types studied. However, the distribution of different types of deletion was characteristic for tumors from various locations. Large terminal deletions were predominantly seen in RCC and NSCLC (51% and 40%, respectively), correlating with clear cell RCC and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. In addition to the LUCA region at 3p21.3 (centromeric), we found that the AP20 region (3p21.3, telomeric) was frequently affected in all 4 cancers, suggesting that this newly defined critical region contains multiple TSGs. Moreover, at least 3 candidate cancer‐specific loci were identified. The telomeric 3p26.1‐p25.3 region was predominantly deleted in RCC and NSCLC. The D3S1286 and D3S3047 markers (3p25.2‐p24.3) were deleted nonrandomly in NSCLC. High‐frequency LOH was detected in a segment mapped closely distal to the LUCA site (3p21.3), around the D3S2409 and D3S2456 markers. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of uncertainty and monitoring by the board of directors on incentive system design

Executive compensation and incentive packages have received a great deal of attention recently in the professional business literature as well as from the accounting standard setters. Examines the design of compensation systems. Suggests that environmental uncertainty and monitoring by the board of directors are both negatively related to the use of outcomebased compensation systems and that additionally, since this topic has both management accounting as well as financial accounting implications, it may provide a more comprehensive framework for investigating control system designs.
The role of IT competences in gaining value from e-business: An SME case study

Many SMEs have been slow to exploit the potential of e-business. However, it can be difficult for any firm to gain value from e-business, and particularly so for SMEs that may lack important information technology (IT) competences. The study focused on one SME which had undertaken a series of e-business initiatives over a period of 10 years. The analysis revealed that the firm used e-business in two different ways: e-business for innovation, and e-business for integrating business processes. Four IT competences were found to be particularly important to the firm’s developments: IT leadership, business systems thinking, architecture planning, and making technology work. The study provides a detailed understanding of how the firm used e-business to gain value and how its IT competences influenced its e-business developments. The study also shows that a lack of competence in some areas inhibited the firm’s e-business developments.
Initiation of Genomic Plus-Strand RNA Synthesis from DNA and RNA Templates by a Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

ABSTRACT In contrast to the synthesis of minus-strand genomic and plus-strand subgenomic RNAs, the requirements for brome mosaic virus (BMV) genomic plus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro have not been previously reported. Therefore, little is known about the biochemical requirements for directing genomic plus-strand synthesis. Using DNA templates to characterize the requirements for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase template recognition, we found that initiation from the 3′ end of a template requires one nucleotide 3′ of the initiation nucleotide. The addition of a nontemplated nucleotide at the 3′ end of minus-strand BMV RNAs led to initiation of genomic plus-strand RNA in vitro. Genomic plus-strand initiation was specific since cucumber mosaic virus minus-strand RNA templates were unable to direct efficient synthesis under the same conditions. In addition, mutational analysis of the minus-strand template revealed that the −1 nontemplated nucleotide, along with the +1 cytidylate and +2 adenylate, is important for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interaction. Furthermore, genomic plus-strand RNA synthesis is affected by sequences 5′ of the initiation site.
The Halloween Effect in U.S. Sectors

U.S. stock market sectors and industries perform better during winter than summer from 1926 to 2006. In more than two-thirds of sectors and industries, the difference in summer and winter returns, known as the Halloween effect, is statistically significant. There are, however, large differences across sectors and industries. The effect is almost absent in sectors related to consumer consumption but is strong in production sectors. We find that neither liquidity changes nor well-known risk factors can explain the anomaly. We illustrate how the differences between sectors and industries can improve the risk-return tradeoff using sector rotation.
Barriers to Retention in Care as Perceived by Persons Living with HIV in Rural Ethiopia

Inability to retain HIV-infected patients in care undermines the benefits of starting millions in low-income countries on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In a hospital HIV clinic in rural southern Ethiopia, we conducted focus groups of HIV-infected men and women to learn more about experiences with and barriers to attending clinic appointments. Respondents reported multiple barriers, including those that were patient related (eg, misunderstandings about ART, mistaken belief in AIDS cures, and drug/alcohol use), clinic related (eg, negative provider interactions, lack of familiarity with patients’ medical situation, and overcrowding), medication related (eg, side effects), social (eg, stigma and discrimination and lack of support), and situational/resource related (eg, distance to clinic, lack of funds, competing domestic/work priorities, and lack of food). Based on the lessons learned from these focus groups, we implemented a community intervention to improve retention, using trained community support workers who provide patient education, counseling, social support, problem-solving assistance, needed referrals, and improved communication/linkage to the patients’ HIV clinic.
An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future

Based on a review of 217 refereed articles on family business studies, the literature is organized according to its focus on individual, interpersonal or group, organizational, and societal levels of analyses. An assessment of the status of our current understanding at each level is provided and directions for future research are suggested. A discussion of definitional issues, bases of distinctiveness, and family firm performance is used to help understand the domain or scope of the field. Methodological issues and strategies aimed to enhance the pace at which the field achieves a distinctive legitimate place in organizational studies are presented.
Variances in staff-related management practices at eight European country subsidiaries of a global firm

The purpose of this study was to explore possible variances and commonalities in staff-related management practices at different country subsidiaries of the same multinational corporation (MNC). The study was exploratory, using data from ninety-six semi-structured interviews about current practices of management within eight European country subsidiaries. Results were based on 12,000 statements about management practices from staff in different countries. Analysis of the statements evidenced variances and commonalities in management practices in the country subsidiaries studied. It is suggested that variances are attributable to cultural factors, institutional pressures and other societal forces, and that commonalities might be explained by a common organizational culture. A theoretical model has been adapted to explain the conditions under which management practices take place in different country settings.
Financial Crisis and Productivity Evolution: Evidence from Indonesia

type="main" xml:id="twec12086-abs-0001"> We examine how the productivity of different industries changes over the course of a financial crisis by exploiting cross-firm, within-industry differences in productivity resulting from the Asian financial crisis of 1997. We show that the crisis coincided with dramatic changes in productivity and that many of these changes were sustained in the long run. In particular, an increasing number of industries experienced decreases in average firm productivity during the crisis and did not recover. Further, we find that changes in industrial productivity in the recovery period are driven not by increases in the productivity of existing firms, but rather by the entry of new firms and changes to the reallocation of market share. Finally, we find that foreign exporters' productivity was the least impacted by the crisis, suggesting that only access to alternate forms of both capital and international markets can help to smooth investment and maintain productivity over a financial crisis.
The East Asian Developmental State and its Economic and Social Policies: The Case of Korea

The concept ‘the developmental state’ was introduced to explain the rapid economic growth of East Asian countries. In Korea, the developmental state emerged in earnest from the early 1960s, and combined with authoritarian politics in the 1970s, labelling the 1970s Korea as a typical form of the authoritarian developmental state. Korea’s developmental state was successful in achieving its core goals: economic growth and industrialization. However, during the years of economic development, social policies were largely underdeveloped or functioned, at the most, as a subsidiary of economic and industrial policies. Against the backdrop of these circumstances, this article aims to explore the economic and social performances of the developmental state in the 1960–70s Korea. In detail, this article answers the following research questions: What was the performance of economic policy in the developmental state of Korea during the 1960–70s? Was there any meaningful social policy in these years? Did social policy function as an instrument of economic development? How and why was social policy excluded in these years of economic development?
LONG‐RUN EQUILIBRIA IN AN ECONOMY WITH A GREENHOUSE EFFECT

This paper examines perfect foresight inter‐generational macroeconomic tradeoffs associated with climate change. Consumption of perfectly competitive agents is associated with exacerbation of the climate change problem. Saving and investment reduce exposure to a negative production externality caused by the greenhouse effect, through a non‐probabilistic catastrophic threshold. In this overlapping generations economy, saving and investment provide benefits to future generations that current individuals are unable to capture. Two kinds of equilibria are shown to exist. The gas stock may remain at a constant or declining level so the threshold does not matter in steady‐state equilibrium even with population growth, where consumption, investment and production are all constant in per capita terms. When the threshold does matter because the gas stock is growing in steady state, agents flirt with catastrophe, make strategic economic decisions based on what other agents are doing, and optimize by walking a knife‐edge of disaster at the threshold. Like the private provision of a public good, price‐taking agents internalize the public bad. This is the focal point symmetric Nash equilibrium, but the potential for a coordination failure is also shown to exist where agents with perfect foresight would find it optimal not to end the economy, but are unable to avoid doing so.
The Inflation-Hedging Ability of Canadian Direct Real Estate Return and its Components, Income, and Appreciation

Executive Summary.This paper examines the inflation hedging characteristics of Canadian private real estate between 1973 and 2007. In the short term, total and appreciation returns are a complete hedge against inflation, expected and unexpected inflation, and remain a complete hedge after the introduction of macroeconomic variables increasing materially the explanatory power of regression models. Cointegration tests show a positive long-term relationship between inflation and total return, as well as appreciation return. Appreciation return is thus identified as the true inflation-hedging source for Canadian real estate. Granger causality tests reveal causality from total and appreciation returns to inflation. Therefore, total and appreciation returns may help forecast future inflation rates.
Gulf Cooperation Council Monetary Union: Business Cycle Synchronization, Shocks Correlation

In this paper we assess the readiness of the Gulf cooperation council members (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain) to form a viable currency monetary area. It deals with business cycle synchronization and economic shocks correlation. To do so we employ different methods, first we extract the business cycle component of output using Hodrick-Prescott filter. Second, supply and demand shocks are recovered from an estimated structural VAR model of output growth and inflation using long run restriction (Blanchard and Quah). We then check the (A) symmetry of these shocks by calculating the correlation between GCC countries. It’s appears from our investigation that there is no business cycle synchronization evidence between GCC countries, business cycle is rather divergent among them. And despite of the demand shocks symmetry, supply shocks are rather asymmetric. We therefore conclude that there is no evidence of the readiness of the GCC members to form a monetary currency union
Product Reuse in Innovative Industries

Most models of product reuse do not consider the fact that firms might be required to innovate their products over time in order to continue to appeal to the tastes of customers. We consider how the rate of this required innovation, which might be fast or slow depending on the product, affects reuse decisions. We consider two types of reuse—remanufacturing to original specifications, and upgrading used items by replacing components that have experienced innovation since the item was originally produced. We find that optimal reuse decreases with the rate of innovation, implying that models that ignore innovation overestimate the optimal amount of reuse that a company should pursue. Furthermore, we show that reuse can be encouraged in two ways—the intuitive approach of increasing end-of-life costs, and the less intuitive approach of raising the cost to make items reusable. We also examine the environmental impact of reuse, measured in terms of virgin material usage, finding that reuse can actually increase total virgin material usage in some cases. In an extension, we show how the results and insights change when the rate of innovation is uncertain.