Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Definition, implementation and validation of energy code smells: an exploratory study on an embedded system

Optimizing software in terms of energy efficiency is one of the challenges that both research and industry will have to face in the next few years.We consider energy efficiency as a software product quality characteristic, to be improved through the refactoring of appropriate code pattern: the aim of this work is identifying those code patterns, hereby defined as Energy Code Smells, that might increase the impact of software over power consumption. For our purposes, we perform an experiment consisting in the execution of several code patterns on an embedded system. These code patterns are executed in two versions: the first one contains a code issue that could negatively impact power consumption, the other one is refactored removing the issue. We measure the power consumption of the embedded device during the execution of each code pattern. We also track the execution time to investigate whether Energy Code Smells are also Performance Smells. Our results show that some Energy Code Smells actually have an impact over power consumption in the magnitude order of micro Watts. Moreover, those Smells did not introduce a performance decrease
GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ROSA HYBRIDA L. AS INFLUENCED BY NACL SALINITY

The effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity (control; canal water with 0.4 dS m -1 ), 2.5 dSm -1 , 5.0 dS m -1 , 7.5 dS m -1 and 10.0 dS m -1 , respectively) developed after 6 weeks of pruning (beginning of study) on plant growth, flowering and quality of three cut rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cultivars viz. ‘Kardinal’, ‘Angelique’ and ‘Gold Medal’ were studied to achieve better management, quality production and ascertaining salinity tolerance of promising cut roses being grown commercially in Pakistan. Plants were grown in pure sand in order to eliminate substrate salinity effect on plants. Number of leaves branch -1 , leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll contents, bud diameter, flower diameter and flower quality were greater when plants were grown with canal water (control) having only 0.4 dS m -1 salinity, which also reduced interval between flushes by early flowering, while plant height, number of flowers plant -1 flush -1 , fresh and dry weight of a flower, stem length and diameter were greater with 2.5 dS m -1 substrate salinity followed by canal water (control). Among cultivars, ‘Angelique’ proved comparatively more salt tolerant as compared with ‘Kardinal’ and ‘Gold Medal’ by producing vigorous growth and greater number of flowers. In summary, cut rose cultivars studied cannot tolerate higher substrate salinity and preferably be grown with < 2.5 dS m -1 NaCl substrate salinity.
Restoring biodiversity in degraded secondary rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia

Many tropical rain forests has been lost or degraded as a result of human activities and environmental factors. Since the level of biodiversity is high in the tropics, maintaining these areas is of great importance. Forests like these are often assumed to benefit from forest restoration and rehabilitation. The INIKEA project area in Eastern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, aims to improve biodiversity and/or species richness in the degraded forest through enrichment planting with indigenous species. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how different treatments (liberation, gap-cluster planting and line planting) affect the biodiversity of natural regeneration in different forest types in the Rain forest Restoration Experiment, located in the INIKEA project area. The forest in this experiment was divided into three types based on the degree of disturbance they had been exposed to. Species richness, species rank abundance (including evenness), biodiversity indices and measurements of ecological distance were compared between treatments and forest types for all size classes of forest vegetation (i.e. trees, saplings, seedlings and seeds). The results showed that there were almost no differences regarding biodiversity in natural regeneration between treatments, but some significant differences between forest types. However, the differences between forest types were not consistent throughout all analyses. The differences between forest types may indicate that they are in need of different treatments when practicing restoration. Also, large differences in species richness and evenness could be observed between the different tree size classes. The greater differences between forest types than between treatments could be explained by the recently performed treatments. The forest types have been constant for a longer time period and the differences should be larger between the forest types than the treatments. The differences between the size classes could mostly be explained by inter- and intraspecific competition and the, at the time of the inventory, ongoing mast fruiting. To be able to observe possible differences between the effects of the treatments in this project, more time is needed.
Laboratory Evidence for Efficient Water Formation in Interstellar Ices

Even though water is the main constituent in interstellar icy mantles, its chemical origin is not well understood. Three different formation routes have been proposed following hydrogenation of O, O2, or O3 on icy grains, but experimental evidence is largely lacking. We present a solid state astrochemical laboratory study in which one of these routes is tested. For this purpose O2 ice is bombarded by H or D atoms under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at astronomically relevant temperatures ranging from 12 to 28 K. The use of reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) permits derivation of reaction rates and shows efficient formation of H2O (D2O) with a rate that is surprisingly independent of temperature. This formation route converts O2 into H2O via H2O2 and is found to be orders of magnitude more efficient than previously assumed. It should therefore be considered as an important channel for interstellar water ice formation as illustrated by astrochemical model calculations.
Preliminary data on the age structure of Phrynocephalus horvathi in Mount Ararat (Northeastern Anatolia, Turkey)

In this study, the age structure, growth and longevity of 27 individuals (8 juveniles, 8 males and 11 females) from the Mount Ararat (Igdir, Turkey) population of Phrynocephalus horvathi were examined with the method of skeletochronology. According to the obtained data, the median age was 3.5 (range= 2-5) for males and 4 (2-5) for females. Both sexes reach sexual maturity after their first hibernation, and no statistically significant difference in age composition was observed between the sexes. According to von Bertalanffy growth curves, asymptotic body length was calculated as 51.29 mm and growth coefficient k - 0.60.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH LEARNING MATERIALS FOR BAHASA INGGRIS II IN STIQ AN-NUR BANTUL

This research study was aimed at developing English learning materials to facilitate students in learning English through Bahasa Inggris II class of Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur’an (STIQ) An-Nur Bantul. This research was a research and development study. The development of the learning materials was carried out through several steps, namely needs analysis, course grid design, product development, product validation, product revision, try-out, and final product development. The results of this study were three units of learning materials consisting of 18 to 22 tasks each. Each unit was organized into five learning sections, namely “Let’s Get Ready,” “Let’s Act,” “Let’s Do More,” “Let’s Check Your Competence,” and “Let’s Make a Summary. ” According to the results of the field-testing, the units designed were appropriate to be applied in the instructional process as indicated by the mean scores of the students’ agreement ranging from 2.74 to 3.63 on 4 to 1 Likert scale. Keywords : learning materials, needs analysis, ESP PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR UNTUK MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS II DI STIQ AN-NUR BANTUL Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar Bahasa Inggris untuk memfasilitasi mahasiswa belajar melalui Mata Kuliah Bahasa Inggris II pada Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur’an (STIQ) A n-Nur Bantul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Pengembangan bahan ajar dilakukan melalui berbagai langkah, yaitu analisis kebutuhan, desain silabus, pengembangan produk, validasi produk, revisi produk, try-out, dan pengembangan produk akhir. Hasil penelitian ini berupa tiga unit bahan ajar yang terdiri dari 18-22 task. Masing-masing unit disusun sesuai dengan lima bagian pembelajaran, yaitu “Let’s Get Ready,” “Let’s Act,” “Let’s Do More,” “Let’s Make a Reflection,” dan “Let’s Make a Summary. ” Berdasarkan hasil uji coba lapangan, unit yang didesain layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran sesuai tingkat persetujuan mahasiswa terhadap tasks yang disusun yang ditunjukkan dengan skor rata-rata antara 2,74 sampai 3,61 pada skala Likert 4. Kata kunci: mengembangkan, bahan ajar , analisis kebutuhan, ESP
EFFECTS OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION ON HUMAN PLACENTA

INTRODUCTION: Placenta is a unique organ which arise de novo, directly related to the growth and development of the foetus in the uterus. A thorough examination of the placenta inutero, as well as post-partum, gives valuable information about the state of the foetal well being. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is a well recognized obstetric hazard and observed more frequently in developing countries. OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to analyze placental changes in the pregnancy induced hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: thirty placentae of mothers with uncomplicated pregnancy as control group and thirty with pregnancy induced hypertension as study group were studied with gross examination and histologically. RESULTS: Gross examination revealed presence of smaller placentae with foci of calcification and infarction in study group. On light microscopic examination, the striking villous abnormalities were observed in the study group which included increased Syncytial knots formation, fibrinoid necrosis, stromal fibrosis, hyalinized villi, altered villous vascularity (hypo vascularity), cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation, endarteritis obliterans, intervillous haemorrhage and basement membrane thickening. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy induced hypertension immensely affected placenta which may be responsible for wore postnatal outcomes. This study is of particular importance for Pathologists, Embryologists and Gynaecologists.
The Absorption and Spending Capacity of Aid in the Economic Community of West African States

The study focuses on the absorption and spending capacity of aid inside the member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The absorption and spending of aid are analyzed through the impact of aid on, respectively, the non-aid current account balance, and the non-aid government budget. One of the new features of the study is the inclusion of financial and government related variables in the list of control variables. This helps to capture well the estimators, and avoid the bias generated by the exclusion of relevant variables. In addition, the study uses more appropriate econometric tools. The analysis focuses on three econometric estimators, namely, a fixed effect model, an instrumental variable and the generalized method of moments. Results show that aid is more absorbed than spent inside the whole union. Countries that have less dependency on aid have better spending capacity than the ones who highly rely on aid. In highly-aid dependent countries, aid is used to reduce budget deficit rather than to finance government expenditures.
Scaling and similarity of a stream-power incision and linear diffusion landscape evolution model

Abstract. The scaling and similarity of fluvial landscapes can reveal fundamental aspects of the physics driving their evolution. Here, we perform a dimensional analysis of the governing equation of a widely used landscape evolution model (LEM) that combines stream-power incision and linear diffusion laws. Our analysis assumes that length and height are conceptually distinct dimensions and uses characteristic scales that depend only on the model parameters (incision coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and uplift rate) rather than on the size of the domain or of landscape features. We use previously defined characteristic scales of length, height, and time, but, for the first time, we combine all three in a single analysis. Using these characteristic scales, we non-dimensionalize the LEM such that it includes only dimensionless variables and no parameters. This significantly simplifies the LEM by removing all parameter-related degrees of freedom. The only remaining degrees of freedom are in the boundary and initial conditions. Thus, for any given set of dimensionless boundary and initial conditions, all simulations, regardless of parameters, are just rescaled copies of each other, both in steady state and throughout their evolution. Therefore, the entire model parameter space can be explored by temporally and spatially rescaling a single simulation. This is orders of magnitude faster than performing multiple simulations to span multidimensional parameter spaces. The characteristic scales of length, height and time are geomorphologically interpretable; they define relationships between topography and the relative strengths of landscape-forming processes. The characteristic height scale specifies how drainage areas and slopes must be related to curvatures for a landscape to be in steady state and leads to methods for defining valleys, estimating model parameters, and testing whether real topography follows the LEM. The characteristic length scale is roughly equal to the scale of the transition from diffusion-dominated to advection-dominated propagation of topographic perturbations (e.g., knickpoints). We introduce a modified definition of the landscape Péclet number, which quantifies the relative influence of advective versus diffusive propagation of perturbations. Our Péclet number definition can account for the scaling of basin length with basin area, which depends on topographic convergence versus divergence.
Biointensive integrated management of Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Brassica spp.

Field experiment was conducted at Regional Research station, Samargopalpur, Rohtak (Haryana) during Rabi season of the year 2015-2016 to evaluate bioefficacy of various treatments against mustard aphid, Lipaphis-erysimi on Indian mustard. Treatments were: T1â€“Verticillium lecanii @ 108 CS/ml, T2â€“Beauveria bassiana @ 108 CS/ml, T3 - Neem seed kernel extract @ 5%, T4 - Neem seed methanol extract @ 5%, T5 - V. lecanii @ 108 CS/ml + Clipping of infested twigs, T6 - B. bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + Clipping of infested twigs, T7 - NSKE @ 5% + Clipping of infested twigs, T8 - V. lecanii @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5%, T9 - B. bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5%, T10 - Dime-thoate 30EC @ 250 ml/acre. Dimethoate was found to be most effective in reducing the aphid population (95.03 %) followed by V. lecanii @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5% (88.52 %), NSKE @ 5% + Clipping of infested twigs (87.77 %) and B. bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @5% (86.91 %) after ten days of spray. The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment dimethoate 30EC (1702 kg/ha) followed by V.lecanii @ 108 CS/ml +NSKE @ 5% (1635 kg/ha), NSKE @ 5% + Clipping of infested twigs (1626 kg/ha) and B.bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5% (1617 kg/ha). Dimethoate was found to be highly cost effective with highest cost benefit ratio (1:14.92) followed by NSKE @ 5% + clipping of infested twigs (1:13.81) and NSKE @ 5% (1:11.41).
Vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder in planar shear flow

The system composed of a circular cylinder, either fixed or elastically mounted, and immersed in a current linearly sheared in the cross-flow direction, is investigated via numerical simulations. The impact of the shear and associated symmetry breaking are explored over wide ranges of values of the shear parameter (non-dimensional inflow velocity gradient, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0,0.4]$ ) and reduced velocity (inverse of the non-dimensional natural frequency of the oscillator, $U^{\ast }\in [2,14]$ ), at Reynolds number $Re=100$ ; $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ , $U^{\ast }$ and $Re$ are based on the inflow velocity at the centre of the body and on its diameter. In the absence of large-amplitude vibrations and in the fixed body case, three successive regimes are identified. Two unsteady flow regimes develop for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0,0.2]$ (regime L) and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0.2,0.3]$ (regime H). They differ by the relative influence of the shear, which is found to be limited in regime L. In contrast, the shear leads to a major reconfiguration of the wake (e.g. asymmetric pattern, lower vortex shedding frequency, synchronized oscillation of the saddle point) and a substantial alteration of the fluid forcing in regime H. A steady flow regime (S), characterized by a triangular wake pattern, is uncovered for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>0.3$ . Free vibrations of large amplitudes arise in a region of the parameter space that encompasses the entire range of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and a range of $U^{\ast }$ that widens as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ increases; therefore vibrations appear beyond the limit of steady flow in the fixed body case ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=0.3$ ). Three distinct regimes of the flow–structure system are encountered in this region. In all regimes, body motion and flow unsteadiness are synchronized (lock-in condition). For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0,0.2]$ , in regime VL, the system behaviour remains close to that observed in uniform current. The main impact of the shear concerns the amplification of the in-line response and the transition from figure-eight to ellipsoidal orbits. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0.2,0.4]$ , the system exhibits two well-defined regimes: VH1 and VH2 in the lower and higher ranges of $U^{\ast }$ , respectively. Even if the wake patterns, close to the asymmetric pattern observed in regime H, are comparable in both regimes, the properties of the vibrations and fluid forces clearly depart. The responses differ by their spectral contents, i.e. sinusoidal versus multi-harmonic, and their amplitudes are much larger in regime VH1, where the in-line responses reach $2$ diameters ( $0.03$ diameters in uniform flow) and the cross-flow responses $1.3$ diameters. Aperiodic, intermittent oscillations are found to occur in the transition region between regimes VH1 and VH2; it appears that wake–body synchronization persists in this case.
The Use of Students’ Evaluations and an Individually Structured Intervention to Enhance University Teaching Effectiveness

The present investigation evaluates the effectiveness of students’ evaluations of teaching effectiveness (SETs) as a means for enhancing university teaching. We emphasize the multidimensionality of SETs, an Australian version of the Students’ Evaluations of Educational Quality (Marsh, 1987) instrument (ASEEQ), and Wilson’s (1986) feedback/consultation intervention. All teachers (N = 92) completed self-evaluation surveys and were evaluated by students at the middle of Semester 1 and at the ends of Semesters 1 and 2. Three randomly assigned groups received the feedback/consultation intervention at midterm of Semester 1 (MT), at the end of Semester 1 (ET), or received no intervention (control). Each MT and ET teacher ‘‘targeted” specific ASEEQ dimensions that were the focus of his or her individually structured intervention. The ratings for all groups improved over time, but only ratings for the ET group improved significantly more than those in the control group. For both ET and MT groups, targeted dimensions improved more than nontargeted dimensions. The results suggest that SET feedback coupled with consultation is an effective means to improve teaching effectiveness, and the study provides one model for feedback/consultation.
Concepts of the teacher as researcher and reflective teacher: perspectives about teachers' work

This article inquires into the nature of two concepts: the teacher as a researcher and as a reflective teacher. It uses the theoretical-conceptual research approach. The objective is to study how these ideas were adopted in the field of education and applied to basic schoolteachers’ training and practice. This article searches for elements that contribute to (re)configure the concept of the teacher as a researcher today. Although it should be considered that, for a long period of time, the aforementioned concepts have undergone many criticisms, reformulations and developments, it seems that there are still important elements that need to be considered and detailed when searching on these issues. That is, to rescue the contexts that motivate their construction. Contrasting with current educational realities one can find other ways to think about teachers’ training and practice.
Association between organizational climate and head nursesâ€™ administrative creativity

Background: Today's Hospitals' organizational climate is becoming more important than the past because its impact on administrative creativity.When organization climate ease idea creation; knowledge distribution and creative problem-solving, head nurses in that setting are more likely to produce creative ideas. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between organizational climate and head nursesâ€™ administrative creativity. Method: DescriptiveÂ Â design was used . The study was conducted at new surgery Zagazig University Hospital. All (65) head nurses from the above mentioned setting. The data was collected by using (1) Work environment scale and, (2) administrative creativity scale. Results: The result of this study showed that high percent (78.5) of head nurses had moderate level of organization climate. Above half (53.9%) of head nurses had moderate level of administrative creativity, significant association at P0.01was found between Â Â total organization climate and head nurses` total administrative creativity. Conclusion: High percent of head nurses at Sew Surgery Zagazig University Hospital had moderate level of organization climate and its factors. Also, they had moderate level of total administrative creativity and its dimensions. Significant association was found betweenÂ head nurses' total level ofÂ organization climate , its factors andÂ their total level of administrative creativity and Â its dimensions except ,head nurses 'levels of intellectual fluency andÂ mental flexibility dimensions of administrative creativityÂ had no significant association withÂ Â levels ofÂ nurse -client relationshipÂ and nurse - supervisor relationship factors of organization climate , also head nurse ' level of sensitivity to problems dimension of administrative creativityÂ had no significant association with peer to peer evaluation organization climate. So, top nursing management should pay more attention to the vital role of organization climate as a valuable strategy for upgrading head nurses' creative abilities.