Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative efficacy of organic manures in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production.

The effect of organic sources of nutrients on the growth of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied in a pot experiment in a heated glasshouse at the University of Wales, Aberyswyth from November 2006 to March 2007. Spring barley seeds were sown in 120 pots containing a mixture of peat and 180g dry weight of poultry manure, cowdung, chicken manure pellet, sheep manure and horse manure. Chicken manure pellet was applied at 3.0 g pot -1 as top dressing. Mineralization pattern of the organic manures was monitored in a parallel experiment with 24 pots containing only the growth media. In this study, organic manures significantly increased plant height and chlorophyll content of leaves over the control plants. The application of inorganic fertilizer increased plant height over chicken manure and compost. In addition chlorophyll content was higher with inorganic fertilizer than cowdung at six weeks after germination. N mineralization significantly varied among organic manure sources with compost having the highest mineralized N and sheep manure the least. Plant tissue analysis revealed significant differences in plant tissue nutrient composition under organic manure treatment. Growing plants in organic manure resulted in 1.2 to1.6-folds, 1.1 to 4-fold and 1.1 to 4.1-fold increases in total N content of plant tissue at four weeks, eight weeks and twelve weeks after germination, respectively. Dry matter production by plants was also significantly increased under organic manure treatments. Organic manure application had the potential of increasing spring barley yield by 1.5 to 4-fold. Cowdung appeared to be the best source of organic manure for spring barley production.
Combinational Relays With MIMO OFDM Using Multiple Combinational Relays

In Wireless communication networks communications is the most authorised and worthy. This can be proposed under relay channel assignment in OFDM system. Under joint optimization of channel and relay including sub carrier paring and allocation of relay selection to maximize the output and optimize the combinational error. By constructively observing the results of against power, relay nodes and SNR of cooperative and orthogonal OFDM systems. Here using RAYLEIGH fading channel the noise is reduced and obtaining the SNR as an improved high SNR. MIMO OFDM with multiple relays were added with improving the performance of the system and decreasing error transmission rate and explained using BER and MSE for OFDM MIMO with combinational relays and compared with different relaying techniques. key Words: OFDM, Relaying, relay nodes, Cooperative and Orthogonal.
Dynamics and Practical Predictability of Extratropical Wintertime Low-Frequency Variability in a Low-Dimensional System

AbstractDynamics and practical predictability of extratropical low-frequency variability (LFV) in Northern Hemisphere winter are examined in the framework of a two-dimensional (2D) stochastic differential equation (SDE) on the phase space spanned by two leading empirical orthogonal function modes of low-pass-filtered 500-hPa geopotential height variations. The drift vector and diffusion tensor of the 2D SDE with multiplicative noise are theoretically connected with deterministic and stochastic error growth, respectively; both are statistically estimated from a reanalysis dataset. Projected onto the 2D phase space is the practical predictability of the LFV estimated by the 10-day forecast spread based on the 1-month ensemble prediction operationally conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). It is shown that the forecast spread of the LFV prediction by the JMA model for a relatively shorter prediction period when the model bias does not hamper the forecast is primarily explained by the stochastic .
Determinants of income inequality

This study examines whether changing economic structure, social conditions, and financialization are responsible for increased income inequality in Indonesia. By employing panel data of 32 provinces in Indonesia that spans from 2007 to 2013, it finds that structural change affects income inequality, increased share of finance reduces inequality, which is against the financialization hypothesis, and social conditions have expected effects on income inequality. While an increased share of both agriculture and service sectors tends to reduce inequality, an increased share of manufacture sector has no effect on inequality. This study finds that falling poverty increases inequality, implying that policy to reduce poverty might not be neutral for inequality and instead cannot prevent it from increasing. Since the higher the college participation rate the higher income inequality tends to be, it does not automatically imply that in order to reduce inequality we need to reduce the number of people who go to college. It might be the case that the college participation rate has not reached a turning point, below which its increase increases inequality, but beyond which its increases reduces inequality.
Serum lactates and acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis: A cohort analysis

Abstract Granting the association of lactates with mortality has been largely documented in critically ill patients with sepsis, its association with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in this setting is not well established. We aimed to analyze the association of serum lactates at intensive care unit (ICU) admission with the occurrence AKI in a cohort of critically ill septic patients. Materials and methods: This study is retrospective including 457 adult patients with sepsis admitted to the Division of Intensive Medicine of the Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (Lisbon, Portugal) between January 2008 and December 2014. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification was used to diagnose and classify patients developing AKI within the first week of hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with AKI development. Data were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05. Results: AKI occurred in 87.5% of patients with a maximum KDIGO category (19.5% with stage 1, 22.6% with stage 2 and 45.4% with stage 3). Serum lactates were higher among patients developing AKI as compared with non-AKI patients (mmol/L 29.9 ± 25.7 vs. 18.6 ± 9.3, p = 0.001; unadjusted OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.07), p = 0.001; adjusted OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.06), p = 0.024), and they were progressively higher in accordance with AKI severity (stage 1, 24.5 ± 18.7; stage 2, 25.5 ± 16.9; stage 3, 34.6 ± 30.7; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Serum lactates at ICU admission were independently associated with the occurrence of AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis.
A comparison of husked and naked oats under Irish conditions

Abstract During the harvesting of husked oats (Avena sativa L.), the kernel remains tightly enclosed by a lignified lemma and palea, collectively termed the husk or hull. In naked oats, which are the same species as husked oats, the lemma is much less lignified and the kernel threshes free during harvesting. The absence of the largely indigestible husk increases the nutritive value of naked oats compared to that of husked oats, particularly for non-ruminants and poultry. There is little information regarding the potential of naked oats as an arable crop in Ireland. The objective of this study was to determine the productivity of naked oats under Irish conditions. Field experiments were carried out in the south east of Ireland to compare the grain yield and grain quality of both autumn-sown and spring-sown naked and husked oat cultivars. Grain yield of naked oat cultivars was significantly lower than that of husked oat cultivars, irrespective of whether they were autumn sown or spring sown. However, when the kernel yield of husked oat cultivars was estimated, differences in yield between the two types were much smaller, and in some cases, kernel yield of naked oat cultivars exceeded that of husked oat cultivars. Grain quality, as indicated by hectolitre weight and grain N concentration, was generally greater for naked oat cultivars than for husked oat cultivars. It is concluded that under Irish conditions, naked oats have the potential to produce kernel yields equivalent to husked oats. The grain produced is of high quality and may be particularly suited for the nutrition of non-ruminants.
The Effect of a Six-Week Structured Physiotherapeutic Modality on theChronic Low Back Pain Sufferers' Activities of Daily Living

The objective of this six weeks quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of a structured physiotherapeutic treatment plan in the management of non-specific chronic low back pain on the sufferers' activities of daily living which served as the principal outcome measure. Ten (10) participants who met the inclusion criteria were purposively recruited for this research, and a one group pretest posttest design was adopted. A treatment protocol involving the combination of fifteen minutes of Infrared Radiation (IR), twenty minutes of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and ten minutes of Soft Tissue Massage (STM) was used in the management of the condition. Each of the participants received treatment three times a week for six weeks duration and all of them duly completed the study. Data were collected, processed and analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was utilized in testing the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in the sufferers’ activities of daily living, hence, it was concluded in this study that the combination of the above physiotherapeutic modalities (IR, TENS and STM) was effective in the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain using activities of daily living as the major dependent variable.
New Targets for Diagnosis and Treatment Against Alzheimer’s Disease: The Mitochondrial Approach

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. AD is characterized by brain presence of senile plaques, which are formed by aggregates of Aβ peptide and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), formed by patholog‐ ical forms of tau protein. Evidence suggests that these elements affect neurons compromising energy supply, antioxidant response and synaptic activity. AD principally affects the memory and cognitive functions of the patients, and currently, successful strategies for diagnosis and early treatment are lacking. In this scenario, accumulative evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes the establishment of tau and Aβ pathology and contributes to synaptic degeneration observed in AD. Therefore, reducing mitochondrial injury may have beneficial effects for neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline observed in AD patients. Interesting‐ ly, the examination of peripheral cells from AD patients also presents mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that tracking these mitochondrial defects in peripheral cells could be a potential mechanism of early diagnosis of AD. In this chapter, we analyse current evidence that suggests that mitochondrial injury is an important factor in the pathogenesis of AD and how studying this process could reveal new strategies to mitigate neurodegeneration and to develop new diagnostic methods for an early detection of AD. alteration leads to a bioener‐ getic imbalance that affects ATP levels in the presynaptic neuron, with an increase in calcium overload and a conse‐ quent synaptic dysfunction.
Rain cell size statistics from rain gauge data for site diversity planning and attenuation prediction

Cell size statistics for the rainfall types in Durban, South Africa have been derived from a five-year, one-hour integration time series rain gauge network data. The data have been converted to their equivalent one-minute integration time values and processed to determine the cell sizes for different rain rate above threshold values between 3 mm/h and 20 mm/h. The results are then compared to the cell size statistics from oneminute integration time data from disdrometer measurements taken for two years. By the use of the terrestrial link attenuation data obtained for Durban, the advection velocity for the stratiform rain has been derived as 6 m/s. The equivalent rain cell diameter model which is an input requirement in the proposed rain attenuation prediction equation and site diversity separation distance has been derived.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC, RHEOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMISTRY EVALUATION OF “BACURI” PULP (Platonia insignis MART.)

“Bacuri” pulp was evaluated for volatile compounds, rheological behavior, and cytochemical analysis. The pulp was also submitted to physicochemical characterization. The effect of temperature on rheological behavior of whole “bacuri” pulp was investigated in this work. The rheological measurements were carried out using a Brookfield Rheometer (Model DV-II +) at shear rate range from 0.25 to 1.50 s-1 at temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. A total of 36 compounds were detected in the headspace of the “bacuri” pulp - 34 of which were identified. The major compounds were the following: linalool, cis-linalool, trans-linalool oxide, and hotrienol, respectively. The experimental data was adjusted using a power law rheological model, with good agreement. “Bacuri” pulp shows a non-Newtonian behavior, with an apparent viscosity decreasing with increasing temperature. The “bacuri” pulp obtained activation energy at shear rate 1.50 s-1 was -14.03 kJ/mol.
BIOACCUMULATION OF COBALT IN MOSQUITOFISH (Gambusia affinis BAIRD&GIRARS, 1853) AT DIFFERENT FLOW RATES AND CONCENTRATIONS

The aim of the present study was to determine Co accumulation pattern in bodies of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis Baird & Girard, 1853) at differing flow rates and concentrations following a 180 hours of exposure period. Co values in each experimental group were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). We found no differences in the mean accumulated Co level between experimental groups.
OBTAINMENT OF HEMICELLULOSE DERIVATIVES AND CELLULOSE PULP FROM WHEAT STRAW FOLLOWING COLD ALKALINE EXTRACTION

In this work, we addressed the integral exploitation of wheat straw by fractionating its lignocellulosic components, following removal of hemicelluloses by cold alkaline extraction. The treatment provided a liquid fraction that was used to obtain hemicelluloses by alcoholic precipitation and a solid fraction that gave cellulose pulp by soda–anthraquinone delignification.The proposed processing scheme is environmentally friendly because it uses cold alkaline extraction to valorize the hemicellulose fraction of wheat straw, while facilitating its delignification, which can be thus accomplished under milder conditions. This saves raw material and energy, and provides paper sheets similarly strong to those obtained from untreated cellulose.
Impact of Market Orientation Practice on Business Performance of Airline Operators in Nigeria.

In today’s global market, business are faced with intensive competition and challenges, and research have shown that through proper market orientation practice some challenges of sustainable and human development can be addressed,, while also providing added value to firm. Hence this study investigates the impact of market orientation practices on business performance of airline operators in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted and research was based on convenience sampling method. Copies of questionnaire were administered to 400 respondents from selected staff of airline operators in Nigeria, and 359 useable questionnaires were returned (i.e. 89. 75 %). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Validity and reliability test indicate that all variables were valid and reliable. Based on the data analysis, the findings revealed that majority of the respondents scored the issues raised in the questionnaire positively, but at different varied levels. However, it is found that market orientation marketing strategy is practiced to a reasonable extent, and vigorously integrated into the activities of airline operators in Nigeria because of its benefits. Feedback from the research will assist to expand knowledge as to the usefulness and practice of market orientation.
Alleviating Managerial Dilemmas in Human-Capital-Intensive Firms Through Incentives: Evidence from M&A Legal Advisors

Research summary: We examine how human-capital-intensive firms deploy their human assets and how firm-specific human capital interacts with incentives to influence this deployment. Our empirical context is the UK M&A legal market, where micro-data enable us to observe the allocation of lawyers to M&A mandates under different incentive regimes. We find that law firms actively equalize the workload among their lawyers to seek efficiency gains, while “stretching” lawyers with high firm-specific capital to a greater extent. However, lawyers with high firm-specific capital also appear to influence the staffing process in their favor, leading to unbalanced allocations and less sharing of projects and clients. Paradoxically, law firms may adopt a seniority-based rent-sharing system that weakens individual incentives to mitigate the impact of incentive conflicts on resource deployment. Managerial summary: The study highlights the dilemmas when professional service firms allocate their key individuals to incoming projects, and the role that monetary incentives play in aggravating or alleviating these dilemmas. In the context of UK M&A law firms, we find that partners have a tendency to be attached to too many projects and not to share enough work, which is exacerbated when individual monetary incentives are stronger. Firms adopting a seniority based incentive system (lockstep system) are able to alleviate this effect. This implies that there is a trade-off between rewarding personal performance versus balancing workloads and fostering collaboration among professionals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exhaustion and turnover in the current labour market: The role of job insecurity and use of technology after work

Job insecurity and off-work hours Technology Assisted Job Demand (off-TAJD) can impact individual and organizational outcomes. This study aim is to investigate the relationship between job insecurity, off-TAJD, cognitive demands and turnover intention, considering the mediation of exhaustion. The research involved a convenience sample of 543 employees with permanent contract (51% females). The multi-group SEM showed a partial mediation of exhaustion between job insecurity and turnover intention and a full mediation of exhaustion between off-TAJD and turnover intention in both Female and Male samples. Cognitive demands negatively related to turnover intention only for women. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Follow the Leader ? Presidential Approval , Perceived Presidential Support , and Representatives ’ Electoral Fortunes

Theory: While the link between presidential approval and congressional election outcomes is long established, scholars have generally ignored the role of a member’s own voting record in mediating these effects. If citizens truly use the congressional vote to express support or opposition toward the president, then they should not punish or reward all of his fellow partisans equally. Instead, the degree of reward or punishment meted out by voters ought to depend on the member’s level of support for the president’s legislative initiatives. Hypotheses: Citizen perceptions of a member’s level of presidential support should be substantially grounded in reality—that is, actual presidential support should be a large and significant determinant of perceived presidential support. Citizens who dislike the president and perceive their member as supportive should rate the member lower on a feeling thermometer, be less likely to approve of the member’s job performance, and be less likely to vote for the member’s reelection. These same patterns should hold for citizens who like the president and who perceive their member as generally in opposition. These effects should outweigh simple partisan cues in explaining citizen attitudes toward congressional incumbents. Methods: All data are drawn from the 1993, 1994, and 1996 National Election Studies. Perceived presidential support is modeled as a function of actual support, member’s party, strength of partisanship, and projection effects. Incumbent feeling thermometer ratings, job approval, and congressional vote choice are modeled as a function of the interaction between presidential approval and perceived member presidential support, along with several control variables. All equations are estimated using OLS, probit, or ordered probit, as appropriate. Results: Perceived member presidential support is strongly related to actual support, tracking it closely in all three years data among all groups of respondents. Additionally, the interaction of citizens’ attitudes toward the president and their perceptions of how often their members supported his proposals powerfully influence feeling thermometer ratings, incumbent job approval, and congressional vote choice, dwarfing the effects of simple partisan heuristics. Thus, citizens appear to be much more sophisticated than is typically assumed in using the congressional vote as a referendum on presidential policy. Follow the Leader? 1
Maximal subgroups of multi-edge spinal groups

A multi-edge spinal group is a subgroup of the automorphism group of a regular p-adic rooted tree, generated by one rooted automorphism and a finite number of directed automorphisms sharing a common directing path. We prove that torsion multi-edge spinal groups do not have maximal subgroups of infinite index. This generalizes a result of Pervova for GGS-groups.
Evaluation of in vitro antifungal activity of potassium bicarbonate on Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-I, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Trichoderma sp .

The effect of increased concentrations of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) as a possible alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-I and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was evaluated in vitro, in this study. In addition, the effect of potassium bicarbonate on Trichoderma sp. , a natural antagonist on R. solani AG 4 HG-I and S. sclerotiorum was determined. Potassium bicarbonate substantially inhibited (P<0.05) the growth of the three fungal strains. Mycelial growth of R. solani AG 4 HG-I significantly decreased as the concentration of bicarbonate increased, especially at concentrations greater than 200 mM. Similarly, mycelial growth of both S. sclerotiorum and Trichoderma sp . dramatically reduced in increasing concentrations of KHCO3. Mycelial growth of either fungi was completely inhibited when exposed to 100 mM bicarbonate. In addition, KHCO3 concentrations higher than 10 mM caused significant (P<0.05) reduction of the sclerotium formation of S. sclerotiorum . Also, sclerotium germination and de novo sclerotium formation were significantly inhibited as the concentrations of KHCO3 increased. As a result, it was concluded that potassium bicarbonate was an alternative chemical agent for controlling R. solani AG 4 HG-I and S. sclerotiorum . Also, KHCO3 was found to have negative effects on Trichoderma sp . Key words : Antifungal effect, KHCO3, soil borne pathogens, sclerotium germination.