Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expressing and Composing Actors for Deterministic and Scalable Programming in Cloud

Actor model is an asynchronous message-passing model for fine-grained concurrency and distributed memory applications. However, it is inherently non-deterministic due to low-level synchronization primitives such as send and receive, leading to high-complexity and error-prone code when programming deterministic applications expressed by actors. In order to to support deterministic actor programming, this paper proposes a high-level programming model named distask. The core solution is to express complex synchronization in a simple and deterministic pattern by introducing features of functional programming. In detail, we design a set of composing operators on distasks in several pre-defined patterns called synchronization strategies. A distask can be composed of other distasks in a deterministic manner instead of non-deterministic communication within original actors. In addition, automatic distribution, scalability and fault handing features are supported to adapt to dynamic Cloud environment. We have implemented distask in a system called UniAS. The implementation language is Erlang, an actor-based industrial language. It is readily applied to several vital distributed memory applications with little compromise of performance.
Application of a multi-annual generalized depletion model to the assessment of a data-limited coastal fishery in the western Mediterranean

A multi-annual generalized depletion model was applied to a coastal fishery in Vilanova i la Geltru (western Mediterranean) to assess the exploitation status of striped red mullet ( Mullus surmuletus ) and cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis ), two of the main target species of Mediterranean small-scale fisheries. It is shown that in data-limited stocks, which is often the case in small-scale fisheries, catch and effort data at high temporal frequency (day, week, month) complemented with biological information and a priori knowledge (mean body weight, natural mortality and period of recruitment to the fishery) can be effectively exploited to produce assessment results applicable to fisheries management. For the two species analysed, the assessment results showed that exploitation rates are high and vulnerable biomass has been decreasing over the last 14 years.
Feki ischemia model : Effect of dietary fish oil Temporal changes in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities after ischemia and reperfusion in a rat liver

This study investigated the hypothesis that administration of tilapia fish oil diet would attenuate warm liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and whether fish oil modulates prooxidant/antioxidant status. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of approximately 70% hepatic ischemia followed by 1, 12, and 24 h reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (SO), control–warm hepatic ischemia (WI) group, and Oil–WI group given tilapia oil for 3 weeks followed by liver IRI. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured in the plasma. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in liver fractions. In the sham group, there was no enzymatic or histological change. I/R caused significant increase in serum AST, ALT, and tissue TBARS levels. As compared to the control group, animals treated with tilapia oil experienced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in AST and ALT levels in reperfusion periods. Tissue TBARS levels in Oil–WI group were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced as compared to control group at 60 min after reperfusion. After ischemia, 1, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion, CAT, SOD, and GPx values were the lowest in the Oil–WI group and highest in the control group and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histological analysis also revealed that fish oil provided some protection compared with the control group. Tilapia oil exerts a protective effect during the early phase of reperfusion, and it modulates prooxidant/antioxidant status of rat liver subjected to warm IRI.
Molecular Systematics of Tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae: Cactoideae): A Phylogeny Based on rpl16 Intron Sequence Variation

Abstract Parsimony analysis of plastid rpl16 sequences from 62 members of Tribe Cacteae, and four outgroup taxa yielded 1296 equally parsimonious trees of length 666. Strict consensus evaluation of these trees established a highly pectinate topology, which delimited clades within the tribe that correspond to several previously considered generic groups. Aztekium and Geohintonia, which manifest ribs in their stem morphology were shown to represent an early divergence in the tribe, forming a sister group to remaining members of the tribe. Clades containing other genera having ribbed stems also are basal to those that develop tubercles. The most derived clade forms a distinct group of typically small stemmed species with tubercular stem morphology. Within Mammillaria, species formerly placed in the genus Cochemiea and members of the Series Ancistracanthae formed a well-supported, sister clade to the remaining members of Mammillaria. Length variation of the intron in two members of Mammillaria series Stylothelae was also observed. Communicating Editor: Thomas G. Lammers
05 Simon Gächter and Benedikt Herrmann April 2010 The Limits of Self ‐ Governance when Cooperators Get Punished : Experimental Evidence from Urban and Rural Russia CeDEx Discussion

We report evidence from public goods experiments with and without punishment which we conducted in Russia with 566 urban and rural participants of young and mature age cohorts. Russia is interesting for studying voluntary cooperation because of its long history of collectivism, and a huge urban-rural gap. In contrast to previous experiments we find no cooperation-enhancing effect of punishment. An important reason is that there is punishment of contributors in all four subject pools. Thus, punishment can also undermine the scope for self-governance in the sense of high levels of voluntary cooperation that are sustained by sanctioning free riders only. JEL: H41; C91; D23; C72
Long-term environmental, anthropogenic and climatic factors explaining spatial and temporal distribution of soft-bottom benthic communities within the Basque estuaries

In response to extensive industrial development that took place in the 19 th Century in the Basque Country, human activities damaged considerably the ecological status of the Basque estuaries. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) emphasises the need of implementing monitoring programmes, providing a new view of water resources management in Europe, based mainly upon ecological elements, being the benthos one of these. The Litoral Water Quality Monitoring and Control Network (LQM) has been monitoring the Basque coastal and estuarine water quality, since 1994; data gathered in this programme has been used here. The aim of the present study is to determine, by performing multivariate analysis (Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Redundancy Analysis), the variability in Basque estuarine soft-bottom macrofaunal communities explained by anthropogenic, climatic and sedimentological factors. Thus, this study deals with data on general physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment and with data on pollutants, present within this sediment. Moreover, some oceanic and meteorological variables have been taken into account. Furthermore, temporal trends in all the variables have been analyzed by performing univariate analysis (Spearman Rank Correlations). Multivariate analysis has revealed that the general physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment are of relevance in explaining the variability in the species densities (17.2%), whereas anthropogenic variables (16.9%) explain this variability a higher extent than the climatic variables (15.4%). Thus, assemblages of species such as the Scrobicularia plana-Cerastoderma edule community mixed with Capitella capitata and found in some estuaries, refl ect the low oxygen saturations and the high concentrations of heavy metals. However, increasing trends in benthic status parameters and oxygen saturation have been found, suggesting that the closure of major industries and the implementation of water treatment schemes are leading to a gradual recovery of the environmental status of the Basque estuaries.
Analysis of low Reynolds number flow past Gurney flap

The trailing edge region of a single element wing fitted with Gurney flap at low Reynolds numbers has been studied. The complex flow separation phenomena on airfoils with Gurney flap at low Reynolds numbers have some specific features as the separation on set and reattachment locations and the streamline pattern. A detailed study shows the influence of the size of flap on the stall behaviour and on the aerodynamic characteristics.
The Use of Twin Screw Extruder Instead of Model Screw Device During Bamboo Chemo-mechanical Pulping

Bamboo is one of the most important raw materials for pulp and paper production in several countries due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. However, the difficulties in bleaching and low brightness of bamboo chemo-mechanical pulp (CMP) has limited the expansion of its utilization. In this study, the low-cost twin-screw extruder (TSE) was used instead of the high-cost common extruded model screw device (MSD) before chemical impregnation to improve the brightness of the bamboo CMP. There were minor differences in the holocellulose, lignin, and pentose contents in the extruded materials between the two devices. The absorbency of the TSE extruded materials was 4.50 g/g, which was three times that of the material extruded by MSD. Alkali optimization was conducted at levels of 12% H2O2. The TSE-CMP achieved the highest brightness, at 57.6% ISO with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), while the MSD-TMP only reached approximately 49.6% ISO with 3% NaOH. At the same time, the physical properties of paper-sheets made from bleached TSE-CMP and MSD-CMP were tested. When bleached at 12% H2O2 with 6% NaOH, the tensile index of TSE-CMP was higher compared with that of MSD-CMP, while the other strength properties were nearly unchanged.
ALGEBRAIC REDUCTION FOR HARDY SUBMODULES OVER POLYDISK ALGEBRAS

For a Hardy submodule M of H(D), assume that M ∩ C (or M ∩ R) is dense in M , where C (or R) is the ring of all polynomials (or R is a Noetherian subring of Hol (D) containing C). We describe those finite codimensional submodules of M by considering zero varieties. The codimension formulas related to zero varieties, and some algebraic reduction theorems are obtained. These results can be regarded as generalizations of the result of Ahern-Clark ([2]). Finally, we point out that the results in this paper extend with essentially no change to any reproducing Hilbert A(Ω)module H which satisfies certain technical hypotheses.
Evolution of the Auroral Signatures of Jupiter's Magnetospheric Injections

Auroral emissions equatorward of the main emission at Jupiter are suggested to reflect the dynamics of the plasma in the middle magnetosphere. Here we examine the motion of the auroral signatures of magnetospheric injections appearing in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. Our results suggest that the injected plasma moves planetward and lags behind corotation. We then compare the characteristics of the observed signatures with simulations of the auroral precipitation related to injections due to pitch angle scattering. These results indicate that the lifetime of the auroral structures lies between a half and a full rotation of Jupiter. Ultraviolet spectrally resolved images acquired with HST are then used to highlight the energy‐dependent drift of the electrons in auroral injection signatures. Comparison of these observations with simulations of the energy‐dependent drift of injected particles suggests that these structures are ~3‐hr old. Finally, we extend our investigations toward larger and less structured outer emissions possibly associated with younger plasma injections. The motion and evolution of these features are similar to those of the small and compact ones considered in the first part of the study.
Aldehyde-induced insidious effects cannot be considered as a diatom defence mechanism against copepods

The last 2 decades have seen much controversy concerning the negative impacts that consumption of diatoms may have upon copepods. Because diatoms have traditionally been consid- ered a major food item for copepods, this controversy has raised fundamental questions concerning our understanding of the marine food chain. The mode of operation of this negative impact is via so- called insidious effects on the survival of early-stage copepod progeny, caused for example by polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA), with the mechanism proposed as a defence evolved by diatoms. Here the effects of diatoms on copepod reproduction rates are evaluated using a stoichiometric weight- or age-stage copepod model coupled with variable stoichiometric descriptions of prey. We show that, considering different combinations of copepod population age structure and diet compo- sition (diatoms, non-diatoms, microzooplankton and copepods), the concept of an 'insidious' effect of diatom consumption upon copepods cannot be sustained as a defence mechanism, as it does not con- fer any advantage to the diatoms. While metabolites that deter grazing can be advantageous, slowly killing a predator (via the death of juvenile copepods) responsible for consuming competitor primary producers, and also consuming another predator (microzooplankton), is not advantageous to the diatoms. Indeed it is shown to be counterproductive on occasion. While PUA (or compounds that act in a similar fashion) have the potential to adversely affect copepod production, alternative explana- tions for their production need consideration. Such alternatives include the potential impact of PUA against microzooplankton, or simply that PUA represent secondary metabolites of no evolutionary selective advantage.
Relative contribution of working capital management to corporate profitability and dividend payout ratio: Evidence from Nigeria

Full Length Research Article Good working capital management is central to a firm’s profitability and profitability is essential for firm’s ability to pay dividends to stakeholders. This study examines the implications of a firm’s working capital management practice on its profitability and dividend payout ratio. The study focuses on the extent of the effects of working capital management (measured by the net trade cycle, current ratio and debt ratio) on the profitability and dividend payout ratio. Financial data were obtained from twelve manufacturing companies quoted on the Nigeria Stock Exchange over five years period (2002 to 2006). Using both the Pearson product moment correlation technique and ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique, we observed that shorter net trade cycle and debt ratio promote high corporate profitability. While the level of leverage has negative significant impact on corporate profitability, the impacts of working capital management on corporate profitability appear to be statistically insignificant at 5% confidence level. On the other hand, we observed that dividend payout ratio was influenced positively by profitability and net trade cycle but negatively by growth rate in earnings. The impacts of both corporate profitability and working management on the dividend payout ratio appear to be statistically insignificant at 5% confidence level. ©2013 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
BMX-Person Bird of Paradise MonkeyDog-Monkey Drifting-# 1 Hummingbird-# 1 Frog

We analyze the proposed segmentation model by evaluating the importance of appearance and location terms in Figure 1. For instance, in sequences such as Penguin and Frog, the object appearance is similar to the background with slow motions, and hence the location term in the model plays an important role to achieve better results. On the other hand, for nonrigid objects (Soldier, Monkey), the appearance term with an online updated model is able to handle the large appearance deformation. Note that with the combination of the location and appearance terms, our full model obtains better performance compared to only using one of them.
IMPETUS: Consistent SPH calculations of 3D spherical Bondi accretion on to a black hole

We present three-dimensional calculations of spherically symmetric Bondi accretion on to a stationary supermassive black hole of mass 10^8 M_⊙ within a radial range of 0.02–10 pc, using a modified version of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics gadget-2 code, which ensures approximate first-order consistency (i.e. second-order accuracy) for the particle approximation. First-order consistency is restored by allowing the number of neighbours, n_neigh, and the smoothing length, h, to vary with the total number of particles, N, such that the asymptotic limits n_neigh → ∞ and h → 0 hold as N → ∞. The ability of the method to reproduce the isothermal (γ = 1) and adiabatic (γ = 5/3) Bondi accretion is investigated with increased spatial resolution. In particular, for the isothermal models, the numerical radial profiles closely match the Bondi solution, except near the accretor, where the density and radial velocity are slightly underestimated. However, as n_neigh is increased and h is decreased, the calculations approach first-order consistency and the deviations from the Bondi solution decrease. The density and radial velocity profiles for the adiabatic models are qualitatively similar to those for the isothermal Bondi accretion. Steady-state Bondi accretion is reproduced by the highly resolved consistent models with a percent relative error of ≲ 1 per cent for γ = 1 and ∼9 per cent for γ = 5/3, with the adiabatic accretion taking longer than the isothermal case to reach steady flow. The performance of the method is assessed by comparing the results with those obtained using the standard gadget-2 and gizmo codes.
Monetary Policy and Economic Activity in Japan and the United States

A cornerstone of monetary policy making is that a looser monetary policy is associated with lower interest rates, higher growth of narrow monetary aggregates, higher output and higher inflation. These responses, which we collectively refer to as the liquidity effect hypothesis, are at odds with some of the leading theoretical models of money. This paper proposes and implements a quasi-Bayesian methodology that allows us to compare the liquidity effect hypothesis with two other hypotheses: the sticky price hypothesis and the inflation tax hypothesis. Our results indicate that there is evidence against the liquidity effect hypothesis in U.S. data, but that a skeptical Bayesian decision maker would still assign most posterior weight it. For Japan, in contrast, even a skeptic would end up favoring the sticky price hypothesis.
ACQUIRED: BASIC SCIENCE: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

1326 The Jour have led to the manufacture of gal-deficient valves. Why? In January 2005, over a decade ago, we reported for the first time that recipients of bioprostheses developed an alphagal-specific humoral immune response. It was then speculated that the degeneration of the bioprosthesis was associated with the presence of alpha-gal in the valve tissue. This insight was corroborated by multiple groups and, most important, proven in experimental animal work. There are limited reports of humans with a hypersensitivity reaction after biovalve implantation. Is there a possibility that allergy research may have relevance for cardiac surgery? Dr Patts Mills, FRS, from the Asthma and Allergic Disease Center at the Virginia Health System, was the first to report that humans with meat allergies (consumption of red meat that leads to delayed anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria) have developed immunoglobulin (Ig)-E– specific antibodies against alpha-gal. This knowledge was further extended by Kollman and colleagues, who showed higher levels of alpha-gal–specific IgG1 and IgG3 antibody in a meat allergy cohort compared with nonallergic individuals, an observation that was already shown in recipients of bioprostheses. The link between meat allergy and alpha-gal–specific humoral valve degeneration seems obvious, but until recently was mere conjecture by a limited number of surgeons and allergologists. Hawkins and colleagues, Virginia cardiothoracic surgeons, recently described 2 patients who underwent implantation of a bioprosthetic aortic valve and postoperatively developed a meat allergy associated with a gal-specific IgE immune response. Both patients developed premature degeneration of their bioprosthesis that required reoperation and implantation of a mechanical valve in the aortic position. What can we learn as academic surgeons from this scientific story? (1) Big Pharma has not reacted to academic work to providemore durable gal-deficient bioprosthesis. Cardiac surgeons and cardiologists are continuing to implant valves
Title Progress and prospects toward our understanding of the evolution of dosage compensation Permalink

In many eukaryotic organisms, gender is determined by a pair of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Degeneration of the non-recombining Y chromosome is a general facet of sex chromosome evolution. Selective pressure to restore expression levels of X-linked genes relative to autosomes accompanies Y-chromosome degeneration, thus driving the evolution of dosage compensation mechanisms. This review focuses on evolutionary aspects of dosage compensation, in light of recent advances in comparative and functional genomics that have substantially increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dosage compensation and how it evolved. We review processes involved in sex chromosome evolution, and discuss the dynamic interaction between Y degeneration and the acquisition of dosage compensation. We compare mechanisms of dosage compensation and the origin of dosage compensation genes between different taxa and comment on sex chromosomes that apparently lack compensation mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how dosage compensation systems can also influence the evolution of well-established sex chromosomes.
Effect of Heat Absorbed and Remitted by Copper Present In Molten Pb-Sb-Cu Alloy System on the Impact Strength and Hardness of the Solidified Alloy

The effect of heat absorbed and remitted by copper present in molten Pb-Sb-Cu alloy system on the impact strength, energy absorbance and hardness of the solidified alloy was studied following casting and cooling of the alloys in the furnace as well as computation of the heat absorbed and remitted by copper. The results of the investigation indicate that the impact strength, energy absorbance, and hardness of the sand cast Pb-Sb-Cu alloys increased with increase in the quantity of heat absorbed and remitted into molten Pb-Sb-Cu alloy system as result of increase in the weight (up to 45g) of copper added and distributed within the Pb-Sb alloy matrix. This was attributed to a wider temperature gradient believed to have been created (due to increased copper addition and distribution) during cooling of the alloy system as a result of the increased heat remittance into the system. This on one hand, increased the cooling time as desirably expected for increased energy absorbance and impact strength and on the other hand increased the temperature difference through which the cooling process desirably increased the hardness. It was found that increase in heat absorbance by the Pb-Sb-Cu alloy resulted from increased weight of copper added (up to 45g) and distributed within the Pb-Sb matrix. Furnace cooling conferred higher impact strength and energy absorbance on the Pb-Sb-Cu alloy compared with similar alloy cooled in water and air. Water cooling however, imparted greater hardness on Pb-Sb-Cu alloy compared with similar alloy cooled in air or furnace. (Nature and Science. 2009;7(7):1-7). (ISSN: 1545-0740).