Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IgG antibody subclasses in human filariasis. Differential subclass recognition of parasite antigens correlates with different clinical manifestations of infection.

The four subclasses of IgG are distinct in structure, function, and degree of participation in the antibody response to complex antigens. Looking for differential responsiveness of potential pathogenetic significance, we have analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively the filaria-specific IgG subclass responses of 20 patients with lymphatic filariasis presenting either with chronic lymphatic obstructive pathology and elephantiasis (CP) or with asymptomatic microfilaremia (MF). Subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to study IgG filarial antibodies quantitatively and in immunoblot analyses to determine qualitatively the subclass antibody specificities. Quantitatively, the most significant differences among patient groups were in levels of IgG4, which were more than 17 times higher in MF patients (geometric mean, 64.7 micrograms/ml) than in those with CP (mean, 3.7 micrograms/ml). When qualitative analyses were done on the same sera, major differences were noted, particularly in the recognition profiles of the IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 responses. IgG1 and IgG3 responses to antigens were seen especially to antigens with m.w. greater than 68,000 in all patients with elephantiasis, whereas MF patients showed most of their reactivity to antigens less than 68,000. For IgG4, the MF patients showed prominent recognition of antigens throughout the entire range of m.w. , whereas those with CP had very little IgG4 recognition of antigens of any m.w. Interestingly, this relationship was essentially reversed in the IgG3 antibody responses (especially to antigens greater than 68,000) and, to a lesser extent, the IgG1 responses. These findings demonstrate correlations of potential cause/effect significance between IgG4 antibody responsiveness and the immunomodulated asymptomatic MF form of clinical filariasis and between IgG3/IgG1 antibody responsiveness and the clinical presentation of CP.
The Differences between LSD Psychosis and Schizophrenia

Les auteurs ont compare des patients souffrant, a la suite de l'ingestion de LSD, de psychoses semblables a la schizophrenie, a des patients chez qui la schizophrenie est apparue en l'absence de l'emploi de drogues. Ils ont examine les traits cliniques des syndromes et l'incidence familiale de la schizophrenie. Ils exposent en detail les differences observees; elles semblent confirmer l'opinion que les psychoses dues au LSD et les maladies schizophreniques constituent des etats differents, qu'on peut distinguer cliniquement en se basant sur l'heredite, sur les symptomes de perception et sur les hallucinations secondaires.
Comparison of citalopram, perphenazine, and placebo for the acute treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in hospitalized, demented patients.

OBJECTIVE Until recently, conventional antipsychotics were the standard pharmacotherapy for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the acute efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and the neuroleptic perphenazine with placebo for the treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed patients with dementia. METHOD Eighty-five hospitalized patients with at least one moderate to severe target symptom (aggression, agitation, hostility, suspiciousness, hallucinations, or delusions) were randomly assigned to receive either citalopram, perphenazine, or placebo under double-blind conditions for up to 17 days. RESULTS Patients treated with citalopram or perphenazine showed statistically significant improvement on several Neurobehavioral Rating Scale factor scores. Compared to those receiving placebo, only patients treated with citalopram showed significantly greater improvement in their total Neurobehavioral Rating Scale score as well as in the scores for the agitation/aggression and lability/tension factors. Side effect scores were similar among the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Citalopram was found to be more efficacious than placebo in the short-term hospital treatment of psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed, demented patients.
Influence of high vitamin E dosages on retinol and carotinoid concentration in body tissues and eggs of laying hens

The aim of the study was to contribute to the discussion of overdosing vitamin E in laying hens. A total of 45 laying hens, divided into 5 groups were fed diets supplemented with either 0; 100; 1000; 10 000 or 20 000 mg dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet over a period of 10 weeks. Concentrations of vitamins A and E were measured in plasma, various tissues and egg yolk. Furthermore egg yolk colour and some carotinoids were measured in egg yolks. None of the vitamin E doses significantly influenced performance of the hens. As expected, vitamin E concentration in plasma, all tissue samples and egg yolk was significantly increased with increasing tocopherol content in the diet. The egg yolk showed the highest vitamin E concentration, followed by liver and muscles. Feeding 1000 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate per kg diet resulted in an increase of vitamin A concentration in the liver. Very high doses (10 000 and 20 000 mg/kg diet) significantly decreased retinol concentration in the liver and egg yolk, as well as carotinoid concentration in the egg yolk. The lower carotinoid concentration in egg yolk resulted in a decreased intensity of egg yolk colour. A prooxidative and/or competitive effect of very high doses of vitamin E with other fat soluble substances has been discussed.
Postpartum depression: a review.

: Some studies link postpartum depression with the 4-day “blues,” and with severe postpartum mental illness, while other studies show differences between these or define each distinctly. Research on possible contributors to postpartum depression has moved from psychoanalytic and hormonal theories to factors in the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum periods. Interpersonal and adaptational models are presented in detail.
Detection of pathogenic gene copy number variations in patients with mental retardation by genomewide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization

Genomic imbalance is a major cause of developmental disorders. Microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has revealed frequent imbalances associated with clinical syndromes, but also a large number of copy number variations (CNVs), which have complicated the interpretation of results. We studied 100 consecutive patients with unexplained mental retardation and a normal karyotype using several platforms of CGH arrays. A genomewide array with 44,290 oligonucleotide probes (OaCGH44K) detected imbalances in 15% of cases studied with sizes ranged from 459 kb to 19 Mb while revealing a small number of CNVs (0.72/individual). Another platform with ∼240,000 oligonucleotide probes (OaCGH244K) revealed a large number of CNVs (20/individual) in selected cases and their normal parents. We used a comprehensive approach for interpreting the results of aCGH, including consideration of the size, inheritance and gene content of CNVs, and consultation with an online Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Men (OMIM) for information on the genes involved. Our study suggests that genomewide oligonucleotide arrays such as the OaCGH44K platform can be used as a powerful diagnostic tool for detection of genomic imbalances associated with unexplained mental retardation or syndromic autism spectrum disorders. It is interesting to note that a small number of common variants were revealed by OaCGH244K in some study subjects but not in their parents and that some inherited CNVs had altered breakpoints. Further investigations on these alterations may provide useful information for understanding the mechanism of CNVs. Hum Mutat 28(11),1124–1132, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventions for Spousal Bereavement in the Older Adult: An Evidence Review

The loss of a spouse is a significant psychological and physical health issue for older adults, the fastest growing age group in the United States. A search was performed to review publications over the last 20 years examining the effect of interventions on grieving processes for older bereaved spouses. Nine publications met inclusion criteria and were critically reviewed. Study designs, populations, and outcomes measured varied widely. All intervention types showed improvements in grief-related outcomes, but statistical significance of major measures between interventions and controls was absent in all but one study using a mind-body intervention. Recommendations for future studies include testing of secondary and tertiary bereavement types and categorizing grief patterns in study populations.
Anosmia in dementia is associated with Lewy bodies rather than Alzheimer's pathology

In the paper by McShane et al (this issue, pp739–743), the olfactory function of 92 patients with dementia and 94 control subjects, accessed through the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), was assessed and related to neuropathological findings at necropsy.1 Patients with Lewy body dementia were more likely to be anosmic than those patients with Alzheimer's disease, whose olfactory function was comparable with that in control subjects. The extent of the anosmia in Lewy body dementia was greater in those patients with higher counts of Lewy bodies, as detected by antiubiquitin immunohistochemistry, and was not influenced by the presence or …
Long‐Term Control of Diabetes in Immunosuppressed Nonhuman Primates (NHP) by the Transplantation of Adult Porcine Islets

Pig islets are an alternative source for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reproducible curative potential in the pig‐to‐nonhuman primate (NHP) model has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that pig islet grafts survived and maintained normoglycemia for >6 months in four of five consecutive immunosuppressed NHPs. Pig islets were isolated from designated pathogen‐free (DPF) miniature pigs and infused intraportally into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rhesus monkeys under pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF), anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and maintenance with anti‐CD154 monoclonal antibody and low‐dose sirolimus. Ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cells were adoptively transferred in three recipients. Blood glucose levels were promptly normalized in all five monkeys and normoglycemia (90–110 mg/dL) was maintained for >6 months in four cases, the longest currently up to 603 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests during the follow‐up period showed excellent glucose disposal capacity and porcine C‐peptide responses. Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells was likely to be associated with more stable and durable normoglycemia. Importantly, the recipients showed no serious adverse effects. Taken together, our results confirm the clinical feasibility of pig islet transplantation to treat T1D patients without the need for excessive immunosuppressive therapy.
Rate and Cost of Hospitalizations for Asthma in Quebec : An Analysis of 1988 / 89 , 1989 / 90 and 1994 / 95 Data

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Quebec from MED-ECHO hospitalization records and from records of stillbirths. The results are first compared with those from the Canadian Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System (CCASS) for Quebec and Canada; then the data are examined by period and region of residence. The study results show that, for the congenital anomalies selected for the study, the prevalence rates measured for Quebec from the MED-ECHO data tend to be lower than the prevalence rates for Canada, whereas the rates estimated by CCASS are higher for Quebec than for Canada. The MED-ECHO data cover practically all Quebec births, compared with only 15% coverage by CCASS, and therefore provide a more accurate picture of congenital anomalies in Quebec.
Somatic linker histone H 1 is present throughout mouse embryogenesis and is not replaced by variant H 1 °

Linker histones interact with spacer DNA between adjacent nucleosomal histone octamer cores. The traditional view that they are a stoichiometric structural component of chromatin, with an essentially repressive role in regulating transcription, has been undergoing revision. In contrast to the structural and sequence conservation of the core histones, there is considerable divergence in both sequence and structure among linker histones. Metazoan linker histones contain a central globular domain with Nand C-terminal tails, but the protozoan, Tetrahymena , has a linker histone which contains only the C-terminal tail (reviewed by Wolffe et al., 1997). The C-terminal region is rich in basic amino acids, and it is likely that this tail domain interacts with negatively charged linker DNA to facilitate chromatin condensation (Ramakrishnan, 1997). The knockout of histone H1 in Tetrahymenarevealed two important points; histone H1 is not essential for nuclear assembly or cell survival, and it appears to be involved in both up and down regulation of the expression of specific genes (Shen et al., 1995; Shen and Gorovsky, 1996; Dou et al., 1999). A potentially regulatory facet in a number of organisms is the use of a repertoire of linker histone variants which differ both in their globular domains, and in modification of the length and net charge of the C-terminal domain. In the mouse, for example, there are five somatic variants H1a, H1b, H1c, H1d and H1e, a testis specific variant H1t, and the variant H1° which is expressed only in some lineages of differentiated cells (Franke et al., 1998). In the transition from oocyte to somatic 5S rRNA gene expression during Xenopusembryogenesis (Wolffe, 1989; Bouvet et al., 1994), somatic histone H1 binds equally to both oocyte and somatic 5S nucleosomal templates (Howe et al., 1998) but it selectively represses the oocyte template through binding to the 3 ′ end of the nucleosomal core, resulting in stable positioning of a nucleosome over key regulatory elements (Sera and Wolffe, 1998). On the somatic template, H1 binds to the 5 ′ end of the nucleosomal core, leaving key promoter elements accessible. In the chicken, where the six H1 genes encode different H1 protein sequences 2897 Journal of Cell Science 113, 2897-2907 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JCS1314
‘‘What are you?’’ A recurring question in a cross-cultural psychiatrist’s life and career

This article contributes to the Transcultural Psychiatry special issue of autobiographical articles on: ‘‘The Personal and the Professional: Lives and Careers of Cultural Psychiatrists. ’’ The author describes influences and themes in her professional development as a cross-cultural psychiatrist and academic. Growing up as a part-Chinese, part-white child in rural Midwestern America resulted in frequently being asked: ‘‘What are you? ’’ This abrupt, bald, but essential question eventually became a useful tool in the productive, repeated re-working of identity, values, and goals throughout her personal and professional life. Experiences of being an outsider, family histories, and early observations of racism are linked to later interests in cross-cultural psychiatry, ethics, and the protection of vulnerable populations. She describes her research on cross-cultural measurement, depression, suicidality, domestic violence and violence in war. Issues of career advancement and internal conflict are described for women academics who occupy three simultaneous, primary roles: academic, doctor and mother. The theme of ‘‘crossing,’’ as in ‘‘cross-cultural,’’ indicates the effort and intention required to move between races, cultures, classes, intellectual disciplines, personal and professional identities, clinical and academic roles, and social roles allocated to men and women.
QNA-based ‘Star Track’ QSAR approach

In the existing quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods any molecule is represented as a single point in a many-dimensional space of molecular descriptors. We propose a new QSAR approach based on Quantitative Neighbourhoods of Atoms (QNA) descriptors, which characterize each atom of a molecule and depend on the whole molecule structure. In the ‘Star Track’ methodology any molecule is represented as a set of points in a two-dimensional space of QNA descriptors. With our new method the estimate of the target property of a chemical compound is calculated as the average value of the function of QNA descriptors in the points of the atoms of a molecule in QNA descriptor space. Substantially, we propose the use of only two descriptors rather than more than 3000 molecular descriptors that apply in the QSAR method. On the basis of this approach we have developed the computer program GUSAR and compared it with several widely used QSAR methods including CoMFA, CoMSIA, Golpe/GRID, HQSAR and others, using ten data sets representing various chemical series and diverse types of biological activity. We show that in the majority of cases the accuracy and predictivity of GUSAR models appears to be better than those for the reference QSAR methods. High predictive ability and robustness of GUSAR are also shown in the leave-20%-out cross-validation procedure.
Contribution of allelic variations in transporters to the phenotype of drug response

Pharmacogenomics seeks to explain the variability in drug response. Neurotransmitter transporters from the SLCA6 family are direct or indirect targets for psychotropic drugs, and their genetic variations may directly influence response to antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs. Furthermore, drug transporters located in natural barriers, such as the blood brain barrier, may influence response to psychoactive substrates. In the 5′-upstream regulatory region of the neuronal serotonin transporter lays a 44-base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism resulting in a long and a short variant. Several studies have reported a better response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in individuals carrying two long alleles, however, some studies report contradictory results. Moreover, several genetic variants are known in the human norepinephrine transporter gene, and though one study reports differences in antidepressant response due to the NET G1287A polymorphism, results should be replicated by others before conclusions can be drawn. Dopamine transporters play an important role in psychotropic drug response, and a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene has been studied in regards to possible correlation with antipsychotic drug response but without showing an association. P-glycoprotein has been shown to influence drug concentrations in CNS but so far, the studies on genetic polymorphisms did not show effects on the phenotype of response. Thus, several studies have looked at the influence of genetic polymorphisms on psychotropic drug response gaining different results. Best evidence exists for the serotonin transporter polymorphism influencing the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but the effects are relatively small. So far, transporter genotypes are not yet eligible for individual prediction of drug response.
Hyperuricemia-induced NLRP 3 activation of macrophages contributes to the 1 progression of diabetic nephropathy 2 Running title : NLRP 3 mediates hyperuricemia-induced IL-1 β in DM 3 4

1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2 Department of Pathology, 9 Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 10 11 12 13 14 15 Corresponding author: 16 Ju-Young Moon 17 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 18 Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University 19 Sangil-dong 149, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Korea 20 Tel. : 82 1 440 6262, Fax: 82 1 440 8150 21 E-mail address: jymoon@khu.ac. kr 22 23 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (January 28, 2015). doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00637. 2014
Episodic priming and memory for temporal source: event-related potentials reveal age-related differences in prefrontal functioning.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from young (M = 25) and older (M = 71) adults during a recognition memory paradigm that assessed episodic priming. Participants studied two temporally distinct lists of sentences (each with two unassociated nouns). At test, in response to the nouns, participants made old-new, followed by remember (context)-know (familiarity) and source (i.e., list) judgments. Both young and older adults showed equivalent episodic priming effects. However, compared to the young adults, the older adults showed a greater source performance decrement than item memory performance decrement. Both age groups showed equivalent posterior-maximal old-new ERP effects. However, only the young produced a frontal-maximal, late onset old-new effect that differed as a function of subsequent list attribution. Because source memory is thought to be mediated by prefrontal cortex, we conclude that age-related memory differences may be due to a deficit in a prefrontal cortical system that underlies source memory and are not likely to be due to an age-related decline in episodic priming.
On High-Order Capacity Statistics of Spectrum Aggregation Systems Over $\kappa $ - $\mu $ and $\kappa $ - $\mu $ Shadowed Fading Channels

The frequency scarcity imposed by fast growing demand for mobile data service requires promising spectrum aggregation systems. The so-called higher order statistics (HOS) of the channel capacity is a suitable metric on the system performance. While prior relevant works have improved our knowledge on the HOS characterization of spectrum aggregation systems, an analytical framework encompassing generalized fading models of interest is not yet available. In this paper, we pursue a detailed HOS analysis of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> shadowed fading channels by deriving novel and exact expressions. Furthermore, the simplified HOS expressions for the asymptotically low and high signal-to-noise regimes are derived. Several important statistical measures, such as amount of fading, amount of dispersion, reliability, skewness, and kurtosis, are obtained by using the HOS results. More importantly, the useful implications of system and fading parameters on spectrum aggregation systems are investigated for channel selection. Finally, all derived expressions are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.
Jailbreaking your Reference Lists: the OpenCitations Project Strikes Again

In this poster paper we provide an overview of the OpenCitations Project (http://opencitations.net) and of its main outcome, the OpenCitations Corpus, which is an open repository of scholarly citation data made available under a CC0 license, providing in RDF accurate citation information harvested from the scholarly literature, starting from the PubMed Central OA subset. RASH: https://w3id.org/oc/paper/occ-poster-iswc2016.html