Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes of a National Expanded Access Program to Antiretroviral Therapy: The Chilean AIDS Cohort

Objective: To evaluate impact of the program after up to 6 years of follow-up in survival, virologic, and immunologic response. Methods: Prospective follow-up of patients initiating first highly active antiretroviral therapy from 2001 to 2007. Chile began in 2001 an expanded access program to antiretroviral therapy. The Chilean AIDS Cohort has enrolled >85% of patients from this program in the public health system. Statistical analysis: χ2, Fisher tests, survival, univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Five thousand one hundred fifteen adults (16% women); median follow-up: 3.64 years (18,159 patient-years). At baseline: median age, 35.8 years; 45.6% had clinical AIDS; median CD4 cell count, 102 cells per cubic millimeter. Global mortality, 9.0%; loss to follow-up, 6.8%. Probability of survival at 1 and 5 years were 0.95 and 0.89, respectively. First regimen was maintained in 72% of those alive and in control at 1 year and 48% at end of study. Main reason for therapy change/discontinuation was drug toxicity (44.9%). At last visit, 74% of active patients had viral suppression, and median CD4 cell count had reached 301 cells per cubic millimeter. Conclusions: In this middle-income country, wide access highly active antiretroviral therapy has been successfully implemented and evaluated. Despite advanced disease at initiation, survival, clinical, virologic, and immunologic outcomes have been comparable with that of industrialized countries.
Magnesium status and parenteral magnesium sulphate therapy in acute aluminum phosphide intoxication.

The results of an open randomized study on magnesium status and parenteral magnesium sulphate therapy in acute aluminium phosphide intoxication are presented. The study was conducted on 105 patients divided into two group (I & II). Patients of Group I did not receive parenteral magnesium and acted as blank. Magnesium levels were monitored every 6 h for 24 h. Patients of group II received magnesium sulphate therapy. It was administered as 1.0 g (8.1 mEq or 4.05 mmol) magnesium sulphate dissolved in 100 ml of 5 per cent dextrose intravenously as a bolus dose followed by 1.0 g every hour for three successive hours, then 1.0 g every 6 h as a maintenance dose for the next 24 h as intravenous infusion in 5 per cent dextrose. The total dose of magnesium sulphate infused was 30.0 mmol over a period of 24 h (initial dose), then 16.0 mmol (4.0 g) daily till final outcome or a maximum of five days. All the vital parameters were monitored. All the patients were followed till final outcome. The resuscitation methods used were the same in both groups. At the end of the study, mortality rates were calculated in both groups. Hypomagnesaemia was observed as the constant finding in patients of Group I. It was transient and reversed itself without MgSO4. The mortality rate was 52 per cent. On the other hand, magnesium levels rose immediately after parenteral MgSO4 administration in patients of group II and they remained persistently above normal during the observed period. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interobserver reliability of the chest radiograph in community-acquired pneumonia. PORT Investigators.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interobserver reliability of pulmonary radiographic findings in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). DESIGN A prospective, multicenter study. SETTING Physician offices, medical walk-in clinics, emergency departments, and inpatient wards affiliated with three university hospitals, one community hospital, and one staff model health maintenance organization in three geographic areas. METHODS Copies of the initial chest radiograph of patients suspected of having CAP were independently read by two staff radiologists at the coordinating university hospital. Interobserver reliability for the interpretation for radiographic findings was assessed by calculation of agreement rates and the kappa statistic. PARTICIPANTS Adults (age > or = 18 years) with symptoms or signs of CAP and a pulmonary radiographic infiltrate documented by a local study site radiologist. RESULTS Among the 282 patients whose initial pulmonary radiographs were evaluated, there was agreement between the two staff radiologists on the presence of infiltrate in 79.4% and on the absence of an infiltrate in 6.0% (kappa = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22 to 0.52). For the 224 patients with an infiltrate identified by both radiologists, there was further agreement that the infiltrate was unilobar in 41.5% and multilobar in 33.9% (kappa = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.62), pleural effusion was present in 10.7% and absent in 73.2% (kappa = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.50), and the infiltrate was alveolar in 96.3% of patients and interstitial in no patients (kappa = -0.01; 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.00). Among the 210 patients with an alveolar infiltrate, both radiologists classified the infiltrate as lobar in 74.6% and bronchopneumonia in 2.4% (kappa = 0.09; 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.22), and agreed on the presence of air bronchograms in 7.6% and their absence in 52.9% (kappa = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.13 to 0.15). CONCLUSION In patients with CAP, two university radiologists identified the presence of infiltrate, multilobar disease, and pleural effusion with fair to good interobserver reliability. However, interobserver reliability for the pattern of infiltrate and the presence of air bronchograms was poor.
Sunitinib malate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND Systemic therapy options are limited for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who progress following docetaxel (Taxotere). This phase II trial evaluated sunitinib malate in patients with progressing metastatic CRPC following prior docetaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic CRPC progressing following one to two chemotherapy regimens including docetaxel were included. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) per radiographic and clinical evaluations. Oral sunitinib was administered 50 mg/day 4-weeks on followed by 2-weeks off per cycle up to a maximum of eight cycles or until clinical progression or intolerable toxicity. RESULTS Thirty-six patients with a median age of 69.5 years were accrued. The median PFS was 19.4 weeks with a 12-week PFS of 75.8%. Four patients (12.1%) had a > or =50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline and seven (21.2%) had a > or =30% PSA decline. Two of 18 patients (11.1%) with measurable disease demonstrated 30% declines by RECIST and eight (44.4%) displayed some shrinkage. A decline in pain score > or =2 points occurred in 13.6% of 22 assessable patients. Drug discontinuation due to toxic effects occurred in 52.8% of patients. CONCLUSION Sunitinib malate demonstrated promising activity in metastatic CRPC progressing after prior docetaxel.
Absence of genotoxicity in human blood cells exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields as assessed by comet assay, chromosome aberration, micronucleus, and sister chromatid exchange analyses

In the past, epidemiological studies indicated a possible correlation between the exposure to ELF fields and cancer. Public concern over possible hazards associated with exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMFs) stimulated an increased scientific research effort. More recent research and laboratory studies, however, have not been able to definitively confirm the correlation suggested by epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields in human blood cells exposed in vitro, using several methodological approaches for the detection of genotoxicity. Whole blood samples obtained from five donors were exposed for 2 h to 50 Hz, 1 mT uniform magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil system. Comet assay, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests were used to assess DNA damage, one hallmark of malignant cell transformation. The effects of a combined exposure with X‐rays were also evaluated. Results obtained do not show any significant difference between ELFMFs exposed and unexposed samples. Moreover, no synergistic effect with ionizing radiation has been observed. A slight but significant decrease of cell proliferation was evident in ELFMFs treated samples and samples subjected to the combined exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 25:41–48, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Graft detachment after descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty: when to rebubble?

To the Editor: We read the article ‘‘Monitoring Cornea and Graft Morphometric Dynamics After Descemet Stripping and Endothelial Keratoplasty with Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography’’ by Tarnawska and Wylegala with interest. We offer a few comments and suggestions as follows: The authors have attempted to address the issue of when to rebubble in graft detachment after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty. As the authors have correctly pointed out, currently there are no clear guidelines for rebubbling, and some studies do not differentiate interface fluid and partial detachments from dislocation, and recommend rebubbling in all such circumstances. The authors have observed the gradual decrease of the interface fluid that took place in some of their cases where gaps were noted on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). They recommended that in those cases where the gaps did not reduce or progressively enlarge or became confluent were cases where rebubbling should be done. The authors did not comment on the centration and edge separation of the lenticules. Based on our experience and observations, we believe that it is important also to consider the pattern of detachment when making a decision about whether to rebubble. In our observation (Chaurasia S, unpublished data, 2010), the interface fluid in association with a donor graft, which is centered well and circumferentially apposed (even if it is merely the donor edge contact with the host), does not require any intervention and undergoes spontaneous resolution. The opposed edges would prevent the seepage of aqueous into the interface. On the other hand, cases in which the edge of the lenticule is detached even in a small area would need intervention, as there would be a constant communication with the anterior chamber, and this may progressively increase the detachment or prevent spontaneous reattachment. The authors state ‘‘. 25% of the patients diagnosed by slit-lamp examination as fully adherent had evidence of microgaps at the interface or even greater clefts containing fluid on AS-OCT.’’ It would be interesting to know how many of these cases, for which the microgaps were detected only on optical coherence tomography, actually progressed to dislocation. If none required intervention, then we can conclude that subclinical fluid in well-adhered grafts can be ignored. In our experience, lenticules showing good centration and adherence on slit-lamp examination on the first postoperative day do not progress to detachment, even if microgaps are seen on AS-OCT. Although we agree with the authors that AS-OCT imaging is definitely a very useful tool in monitoring graft adherence after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty and can better delineate any microgaps at the interface, the decision for rebubbling cannot be based entirely on AS-OCT, as this would lead to overdiagnosis of detachment and subject the patient to unnecessary reintervention.
Two Scales to Evaluate Cocaine Craving

The cocaine craving questionnaire-brief (CCQ-Brief English) asks cocaine users to report their level of craving now. We constructed two brief scales of cocaine craving in a sample of 107 Spanish-speaking natives in treatment for cocaine abuse or dependence: the CCQ-Brief(Spanish) and the pictographic assessment of desire (PAD), which relies less on language. Principal component analyses yielded a one-component solution for the CCQ-Brief, explaining between 62% and 68% of the sample variability. Cronbach's alpha ranged from . 92 to . 94. The CCQ-Brief and the PAD were strongly correlated; effect sizes ranged from . 42 to . 68 in separate trials. Laboratory cue-exposure results showed that in both scales craving was higher upon presentation of cocaine-related rather than neutral pictorial stimuli. The CCQ-Brief and PAD are potentially valuable scales for evaluating cocaine craving.
Pulse Analysis as a Possible Real-Time Biomarker Complementary to SGPT and SGOT for Monitoring Acute Hepatotoxicity

Based on the resonance theory, the pressure wave of the arterial system could reflect the physical condition of the internal organs. Experimental evidence indicates that the physical condition of organs is related to various Fourier components of the pressure pulse. We have proved that the first harmonic of the pressure-wave spectrum is closely related to the liver. In this study, Wistar rats given massive doses of acetaminophen were examined. The amplitude of the first harmonic of the blood pressure pulse, A1, was analyzed and correlated with the blood liver function indexes that examine serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). When A1 was below 3650 and SGPT was above 90, the kappa value was about 0.6; the probability is greater than. 999 based on a chi-square test. When A1 was below 3650 and SGOT was above 380, the kappa value was around 0.5; the probability is greater than. 999. Our results indicate that A1 may be used as a simple, real-time biomarker that is complementary to the commonly used first-line liver indicators, SGPT and SGOT levels, for monitoring acute hepatotoxicity. It promises a noninvasive, real-time liver-function monitoring method.
Pediatric Cranioencephalic Trauma in Senegal: A Consideration of 164 Cases

Abstract The cranioencephalic trauma (CET) is a worldwide public health problem. This study is aims to evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, paraclinical, and types of treatment of CET in Senegalese children. The study includes children younger than 15 years, victims of CET from January 2008 to December 2012. The series included 164 patients. The average age was 4.96 years, with a sex ratio of 2.72. Patients were transported by unequipped medical ambulance and 65.8% of the case was discharged within the first 6 hours out of the 79.3%. Two causes of accidents were noted: domestic accident (DA) 56.6%, and road traffic accident (RTA) 29.9%. The initial loss of consciousness (ILC), vomiting, and seizures were reported in 49.5, 33.3, and 17.2% cases, respectively. The initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was between 13 and 15 in 65.2%, and between 3 and 8 in 16.5% of the cases. The CT scan revealed that 38.1% of the injuries affected the bone whereas 34.75% were normal. Biologically, there was anemia in 51.2% of the cases and electrolyte imbalance in 16.46%. All patients received medical treatment. Surgery was performed in 21 (12.8%) of the patients. The short-term evaluation results were marked by early mortality in three (1.29%) cases. Pediatric CET is dominated by DAs accounting for a significant sequelae. A significant proportion of clinically benign CET patients shows significant lesions on CT scan. Prevention must be the priority.
Quantifizierung operationeller Risiken: Der Loss Distribution Approach

Im Rahmen der aktuellen Diskussion uber die effektive Messung operationeller Risiken auf der Basis interner Modelle hat vor allem der Loss Distribution Approach in der Literatur besondere Beachtung gefunden. Dieser Ansatz hat seine Wurzeln in einem traditionellen Ansatz der Versicherungsmathematik, der kollektiven Risikotheorie. Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung stellt daher die kollektive Risikotheorie in ihren Grundelementen dar, stellt die Verbindung zur Modellierung operationeller Risiken her und gibt einen Uberblick uber aktuelle Entwicklungen im Rahmen des Loss Distribution Approach.
Regional observability for distributed semi-linear hyperbolic systems

The objective of this paper is to study the notion of regional observability of hyperbolic semilinear systems. For the state reconstruction in a given subregion, we give a first approach which combines the extension of the HUM method and the fixed point techniques. The analytical case is then explored using sectorial property of the considered dynamic operator and converted to a fixed point problem. The two approaches lead to algorithms which are successfully implemented numerically and illustrated with examples and simulations.
Pendidikan dalam gerakan Islam di Malaysia: satu tinjauan

Pendidikan adalah suatu aspek yang sangat penting dalam gerakan penyebaran Islam di Alam Melayu. Operasi pendidikan dalam bentuk tradisional seperti ceramah dan kuliah pengajian di surau, masjid dan pondok yang digerakkan oleh ulamak telah mengukuhkan kefahaman Islam yang baru bertapak di kalangan orang-orang Melayu. Namun demikian, kemerdekaan tanahair yang turut membawa arus pemodenan pendidikan meminggirkan peranan mereka dalam pendidikan. Bahkan, sumbangan mereka tidak begitu dihargai lantaran persepsi negatif masyarakat yang menganggap pendidikan hanyalah sebagai alat politik mereka yang menentang kerajaan dan anti-pembangunan. Imej ini diburukkan lagi dengan pelbagai masalah dalam penyediaan infrastruktur dan pengurusan institusi. Walaubagaimanapun, institusi pendidikan gerakan Islam samada yang berbentuk sufi, sosial-kebajikan dan politik semakin berkembang dan mendapat sambutan ramai. Gerakan Islam membuktikan bahawa mereka sebenarnya berperanan membangunkan sistem dan institusi pendidikannya sendiri di samping sebahagiannya terlibat secara langsung dalam arus pendidikan nasional
Evaluation of topical vitamin B(12) for the treatment of childhood eczema.

OBJECTIVES Topical vitamin B(12) is an approach that has been shown to successfully treat atopic dermatitis in adults; however, there have been no studies in children. Topical vitamin B(12) is thought to decrease the symptoms involved in eczema through reducing nitric oxide production. Atopic dermatitis affects 5%-20% of children in the United States. Various treatment options are available to treat atopic dermatitis in children, but there are drawbacks to some of these options. Children tend to need a larger dose of medication for body surface area involved and can be more adversely affected by agents such as topical steroids. This study was developed in order to find an alternative eczema treatment for children. DESIGN This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study with intraindividual left/right comparison was set up to determine whether topical vitamin B(12) would be effective in children with eczema. SUBJECTS Patients from the ages of 6 months to 18 years old were recruited from the Center for Family Medicine and enrolled for 4 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES Skin checks using a standardized scoring system were done at baseline, and 2 and 4 weeks by a single investigator. Twenty-one (21) patients completed the study. RESULTS Skin treated with topical vitamin B(12) improved significantly more than placebo treated skin at 2 and 4 weeks (p = 0.02, 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Topical vitamin B(12) should be considered as a treatment option in children with eczema.
The Role of Vineyard Geology in Wine Typicity

Abstract Vineyard geology—bedrock and overlying soils—is widely supposed to help explain the typicity of wine from a particular area, though there has been little analysis of how this might come about. Such an evaluation is attempted here. Geology does underpin some of the physical parameters that affect vine performance, but in an indirect way and the factors are commonly manipulated artificially. A direct geochemical influence on wine flavour is widely inferred but remains undemonstrated. The popular model of nutrients being taken up by the vine and persisting to be tasted in the finished wine is untenable. The amounts that reach the fermenting must are minuscule, bear little relation to the substrate composition, and can be further complicated by contamination and fining. In the final wine these inorganic nutrients normally exist in concentrations far below human recognition thresholds and are ‘swamped’ by the organic secondary metabolites that do dominate wine flavour. Hence, any geochemical influence, like that of the physical factors, has to be highly complex and indirect. The notion of being able to taste the vineyard geology in the wine—a goût de terroir—is a romantic notion which makes good journalistic copy and is manifestly a powerful marketing tactic, but it is wholly anecdotal and in any literal way is scientifically impossible. Thus critical evaluation leads to the conclusion that the role of geology tends to be exaggerated.
Measuring the Effect of Equality Matching Relationships on Lecturers' Knowledge Sharing Behavior

In a knowledge-based economy - especially in higher education institutions such as universities - human resources have become a valuable asset because of their knowledge. The constant changes and challenges of the application of theories in industry force universities to change and adapt quickly. In university, the creation and application of new knowledge can be achieved by enhancing knowledge-sharing behavior among lecturers. Knowledge-sharing is often erroneously seen as natural activity of lecturers, given their role. In fact, knowledge-sharing is not easily implemented. Lecturers can share and hoard their knowledge as they see fit. There are many factors that can affect knowledge-sharing behavior. One of them is social relationships. This study examines the effect of social relationships on knowledge-sharing behavior among lecturers by using a Theory of Reasoned Action model behavior prediction and equality matching relationship. This study applied a quantitative approach whereby the data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 154 lecturers in business and management study programs in Indonesia. The study reveals that equality matching relationships significantly influence a lecturer’s attitude toward knowledge-sharing. This type of relationship requires lecturers to have equal and unique knowledge before engaging in knowledge-sharing. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n6p546
Evaluation of the Nfocus LUNA, a New Parent Vessel Occlusion Device: A Comparative Study in a Canine Model

BACKGROUND: Parent artery occlusion is sometimes required to treat cerebrovascular lesions. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the Nfocus LUNA parent vessel occlusion (PVO) device in comparison with the Vascular Plug (AVP) used in the peripheral vasculature for large-vessel occlusion in a canine animal model. METHODS: The subclavian arteries were targeted for occlusion in 7 canines. Each animal received 1 LUNA and 1 AVP device sequentially rotated between the left and right subclavian arteries. Angiographic assessment was performed serially after device placement until vessel occlusion was observed and then again immediately before the animal was killed. Three animals were euthanized at 1 month and 4 at 2 months post-implantation, after which the native artery segments containing the implanted device were harvested and preserved for subsequent histological analysis. RESULTS: The LUNA PVO device and the AVP were accurately positioned and deployed in all cases. Acute occlusion times for the devices were not statistically different. In no instance was there any evidence of device migration. At 28 and 55 days, the LUNA implants showed nearly complete occlusion with small recanalization channels, whereas the AVP devices were associated with low occlusion levels and large residual vascular channels within the occluder. CONCLUSION: The LUNA PVO device and delivery system can be accurately placed to occlude vessels without migration and with a performance that is similar to the AVP. The LUNA PVO device on average provided a higher degree of occlusion durability at both 1 and 2 months.