Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public health implications of Salmonella species contamination of naira notes obtained from butchers in Abakaliki meat market, Ebonyi state

Daily transactions have made paper currencies to pass through many hands, and pathogens become imposed on them before they are finally deposited in banks. This study evaluates the public health implications of Salmonella species contamination of naira notes obtained from butchers in Abakaliki meat market, Ebonyi State. A total of 95 samples of naira notes in different denominations (N5 to N1000) were randomly collected from butchers within Abakaliki metropolis between the months of March and May, 2016. All the naira note samples were analysed using standard microbiological procedures. A total of nine (9.5 %) Salmonella spp isolates were obtained from the 95 naira note samples. All the Salmonella spp isolates were completely resistant (100 %) to ceftazidime. The highest susceptibility frequency was observed for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, and ofloxacin with values ranging from 88.9 % - 77.8 %. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean percentage resistance and susceptibility of the Salmonella spp isolates (P ˂ 0.05). Most of the Salmonella spp isolates exhibited multi-drug resistant traits as they were resistant to at least two different classes of antibiotics. The average multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) of the Salmonella spp isolates was 0.35. This study shows that ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, and ofloxacin are still effective in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Salmonella spp . Proper and hygienic handling of paper currencies is of public health importance so as to avert health challenges associated with microbial contamination of bank notes especially Salmonella spp . Keywords : Salmonella , Naira notes, butchers, antibiotics, public health
The potential for honey in the management of wounds and infection

Abstract Honey has been used as a medicine throughout the history of the human race and has been employed to treat a wide variety of ailments; the use of honey as a wound dressing has been particularly popular across many different cultures. It is likely that much of this popularity stems from the antibacterial properties of honey. Most honeys that exhibit significant antibacterial activity do so due to the production of hydrogen peroxide. Certain Leptospermum honeys from Australia and New Zealand possess additional antibacterial activity of an unusual nature, due to components that are yet to be identified. This broad-spectrum antibacterial activity is equally effective against antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant pathogens. Honey also has positive effects on tissue growth and has been shown to stimulate healing in acute and chronic wounds. The field of wound care is currently suffering increasing problems with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which, together with nosocomial infections, result in significant patient morbidity and mortality, and place a huge burden on health care systems. We argue that an increased use of selected honeys in wound care might help to alleviate some of these problems.
The Preliminary Evaluation of a New Approach to Arrest Referral in Birmingham (UK)

Arrest referral has been identified as a key point of intervention for offenders who have a drug problem and who have been arrested. Previous research has however raised concerns from both service users and professionals surrounding the need for independence of arrest referral schemes from the police. Given that arrest referral workers in Birmingham are police-employed and that the arrest referral process has its own dedicated NHS-based treatment team, the current article looks at the potential of this new approach in contacting, referring and treating problematic drug users. A retrospective analysis of referrals made to treatment by arrest referral workers and treatment engagement was conducted. Within a six-month period 394 referrals were made to treatment, with 33.2% of those referred making a treatment demand. Offending and drug expenditure among the group was high. As with other schemes, ethnic minorities and women were under-represented in the numbers of both those referred and those engaging in treatment. The current article argues that, given the need for arrest referral schemes to work closely with the police in order to access and refer service users, arrest referral schemes are more reliant on good worker-client relationships and con-fidentiality than independence.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e obesidade entre adolescentes de uma escola pública

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents of a public school in Campinas, Sao Paulo. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted between July and September 2013 with 107 young individuals aged 14-19 years who attended high school in a public school in the municipality of Campinas, Sao Paulo. It was used a questionnaire to investigate sociodemographic data and risk factors for overweight and obesity. Additionally, clinical data (height, weight, blood pressure) were verified. Results: The sample had a predominance of women (n=65, 60.7%) with a mean age of 16.5 years and family income of 2-4 minimum wages (n=53, 49.5%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18 (16.8%) and 9 (8.4%), respectively. It is noteworthy that 62 (58%) individuals always skipped one meal, 54 (50.5%) always ate while watching television, and 56 (52.3%) did not do physical activity outside school. Trying and failing to go on a diet was associated with overweight and obesity, and curvilinear selfimage was associated with obesity. Conclusion: The study revealed that a significant part of the sample was overweight or obese. The failure to go on a diet and the curvilinear selfimage associated with nutritional changes suggest that the adolescents were aware of these changes and were concerned with their own weight, seeking to go on a diet in an attempt to lose weight.
The dietary protein-acidosis hypothesis in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis

The putative detrimental role of a high protein diet on mineral and bone metabolism has spawned an ongoing debate in the literature. This controversial issue contrasts with the now widely accepted notion that low protein intake is a severe negative factor in the pathogenesis of fragility fractures. In the report from Dargent-Molina et al. (1), data from a large cohort of postmenopausal women were used to analyze the association between protein intake, or an estimate of the dietary acid load, and fracture risk, taking levels of calcium consumption into account.
Advanced MR technique development for improved characterization of multiple sclerosis

Author(s): Metcalf, Meredith | Advisor(s): Vigneron, Daniel | Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides many ways to study human brain anatomy as well as advance our understanding of brain structure, function, and processes that occur with disease. This dissertation project investigated the clinical utility of new and existing MRI techniques to the study of changes that occur in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The new MRI techniques were developed and tested with the goal of attaining more sensitive methods for disease detection than those that are currently available to clinician scientists. These new bioengineering developments included both novel MR acquisition and data analysis techniques for improved non-invasive, quantitative assessments of multiple sclerosis disease processes. There are many quantitative MRI methods that can be used to detect tissue differences in patient populations when compared to controls. This dissertation research probed the utility of volumetric measurements, T1-relaxation times, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics to detection of tissue damage and disease in early stage MS. New DTI methods were developed and new ultra high-field MR hardware and techniques were investigated to examine their potential in identifying previously undetectable brain changes in patients. This bioengineering project included acquiring patient and healthy control data, MRI technique development and optimization, developing and implementing appropriate image-processing methods for parameter measurement, cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations, and determining appropriate statistical approaches for comparative studies. It was determined that T1-relaxation and DTI measures of mean diffusivity (Dav), fractional anisotropy (FA), and transverse diffusion (EvT) were sensitive enough to detect brain tissue changes at the earliest presentation of disease. Although volume measurements were not different as a group at presentation, atrophy was detectable via volumetry at one-year post baseline. Additionally, DTI measures were able to predict this change, an indication of a causal relationship between microscopic damage and overall tissue loss. The diffusion technique development and high field MRI methods demonstrated the feasibility to collect images with advantages in image quality, signal to noise (SNR), resolution, and ability to detect disease over what was previously available. These developments provide the platform for future work in MRI and its application in MS to better characterize disease.
Assisted Versus Resisted Training: Which Is Better for Increasing Jumping and Sprinting?

THIS COLUMN DISCUSSES TWO RELATED, BUT IMPORTANTLY DIFFERENT, APPROACHES TO ENHANCING POWER; ASSISTED AND RESISTED TRAINING. UNDERSTANDING BOTH MODALITIES ALLOWS THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL TO DISCERN THE ROLE OF EACH IN ENHANCING JUMP AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE.
KEYNOTE-001: 3-year overall survival for patients with advanced NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab.

9011Background: Pembrolizumab (pembro) is approved as first-line (1L) treatment for advanced NSCLC patients (pts) with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50% and as treatment for previously treated advanced NSCLC pts with PD-L1 TPS ≥1%. Here we present 3-y OS results for pts enrolled in KEYNOTE-001 (NCT01295827), the first trial evaluating pembro in advanced NSCLC pts. Methods: 550 pts received pembro 2 or 10 mg/kg Q3W or 10 mg/kg Q2W until intolerable toxicity, progression, or investigator or pt decision to withdraw. PD-L1 expression was assessed by IHC using the 22C3 antibody. Survival was assessed every 2 mo after treatment discontinuation. Results: 550 advanced NSCLC pts enrolled; 101 were first line (1L), and 449 were previously treated. As of the Sept 1, 2016, data cutoff, median follow-up duration was 34.5 mo (range, 25.7-51.5 mo); 8 (7.9%) 1L pts and 28 (6.2%) previously treated pts were still on treatment. 3-y OS was 26.4% (95% CI, 14.3%-40.1%) in 1L pts and 19% (95% CI, 15.0%-23.4%) in previous.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Index of Help-Seeking Behavior in the Research Process of College Students

This study aims to identify the indices and factor structure of research help-seeking among graduate students. Also, the study attempts to develop a questionnaire for measuring help-seeking. Was a Mixed Method Research and Exploratory Sequential of type of tool-making design? The research was carried out consecutively in a qualitative and a quantitative stage. As for the qualitative stage, 12 interviews were conducted with professionals in research help-seeking and 5 interviews were done with graduate students who had completed at least one research work. The participants were selected using purposive sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. In order to analyze the interview data, Grounded theory strategy was used. Also, in the quantitative part of the study, after identifying the components of research help-seeking and formulating its questions, the validity of the questionnaire was verified through content validity, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and reliability in the form of internal consistency. A sample of 425 Graduate students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were chosen through Quota sampling and based on their educational level, gender and faculty. The results of principal component analysis using Varimax rotation approved the following four factors: 1) the need for help-seeking, 2) adaptive help-seeking, 3) avoidance of help-seeking and 4) perceiving the benefits of help-seeking. The results obtained by the concurrent execution help-seeking questionnaire indicated that the questionnaire has a high convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha was 0/88 for the scale and 0/94, 0/85, 0/83 and 0/73 for its sub-components. Since the reliability and validity of the help-seeking questionnaire was approved, it can be used to measure research help-seeking among students and determine its strengths and weaknesses.
Expression et localisation du système endocannabinoïde dans la rétine du singe

The effects of marijuana, a drug that has been used by men for millennia, on the visual system are poorly understood. A better understanding of the distribution of the endocannabinoid system in the retina will help us explain how this drug affects vision. This study aims at characterizing the distribution of the endocannabinoid receptor CB1 (CB1R) and the enzyme degrading CB1R ligands, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) throughout the Green monkey retina (Chlorocebus sabaeus). In addition, it seeks to determine which sub-population of neurons expresses CB1R and the degrading enzyme FAAH. Most data on the endocannabinoid system have been acquired in rodents and studies on monkeys are rather scarce. We attempted to fill this void by using immunohistochemical methods to locate CB1R and FAAH at various eccentricities of the monkey retina, from the center to the far periphery. Our results, in agreement with our hypothesis, demonstrate that CB1R and FAAH are expressed throughout the retina. At the level of the photoreceptors, CB1R is expressed preferentially in cones rather than in rods, and this expression pattern follows the photoreceptors distribution. In the outer plexiform layer, CB1R immunoreactivity is predominantly concentrated in the cone pedicles. Although foveal cones are the main expressers of both CB1R and FAAH, these are also found in rod bipolar cells. The ganglion cell axons strongly express the CB1 receptor and the enzyme FAAH. These data suggest that the presence of CB1R throughout the retina may be responsible for the visual effects commonly reported by cannabis users, such as the increase in photosensitivity and alterations in color discrimination.
Survey on Computational Trust and Reputation Models

Over the recent years, computational trust and reputation models have become an invaluable method to improve computer-computer and human-computer interaction. As a result, a considerable amount of research has been published trying to solve open problems and improving existing models. This survey will bring additional structure into the already conducted research on both topics. After recapitulating the major underlying concepts, a new integrated review and analysis scheme for reputation and trust models is put forward. Using highly recognized review papers in this domain as a basis, this article will also introduce additional evaluation metrics to account for characteristics so far unstudied. A subsequent application of the new review schema on 40 top recent publications in this scientific field revealed interesting insights. While the area of computational trust and reputation models is still a very active research branch, the analysis carried out here was able to show that some aspects have already started to converge, whereas others are still subject to vivid discussions.
¿Abandono planificado? Restos forestales carbonizados en sitios arqueológicos de La Ciénaga (Catamarca, Argentina)

En el presente texto se comentan los resultados de las excavaciones llevadas a cabo en dos sitios arqueologicos del valle de Hualfin (Catamarca. Argentina), ocupados durante el siglo XV. En los mismos se han obtenido evidencias de grandes incendios, consistentes en abundante material de origen vegetal, usado en la construccion de estructuras de vivienda. Los estudios realizados sobre los restos forestales hallados en el interior de las mismas, su localizacion y relacion con otros componentes del registro (ceramica, hueso y marlos) y la comparacion con otros sitios nos permiten realizar interpretaciones sobre el conocimiento de los habitantes de la zona respecto de las caracteristicas tecnicas de las maderas, su uso para cumplir funciones estructurales en la construccion y establecer relaciones entre los contextos de hallazgo y posibles eventos de abandono.
Ck AE1/AE3 Tumor Marker Expression in SCC of Head and Neck

Immunostaining is one of the latest and accurate modality for evaluating the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. It has also become a very important tool of differentiating between the tumors of different origin. Aims of the present study were to assess the frequency, pattern, sensitivity and specificity of CytokeratinAE1/AE3 as an immunohistochemical marker for the Squamous Cell Carcinomas(SCC) of head and neck.
Low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia in women at high risk. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units.

BACKGROUND Whether low-dose aspirin prevents preeclampsia is unclear. It is not recommended as prophylaxis in women at low risk for preeclampsia but may reduce the incidence of the disease in women at high risk. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in four groups of pregnant women at high risk for preeclampsia, including 471 women with pregestational insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, 774 women with chronic hypertension, 688 women with multifetal gestations, and 606 women who had had preeclampsia during a previous pregnancy. The women were enrolled between gestational weeks 13 and 26 and received either 60 mg of aspirin or placebo daily. RESULTS Outcome data were obtained on all but 36 of the 2539 women who entered the study. The incidence of preeclampsia was similar in the 1254 women in the aspirin group and the 1249 women in the placebo group (aspirin, 18 percent; placebo, 20 percent; P=0.23). The incidences in the aspirin and placebo groups for each of the four high-risk categories were also similar: for women with pregestational diabetes mellitus, the incidence was 18 percent in the aspirin group and 22 percent in the placebo group (P=0.38); for women with chronic hypertension, 26 percent and 25 percent (P= 0.66); for those with multifetal gestations, 12 percent and 16 percent (P=0.10); and for those with preeclampsia during a previous pregnancy, 17 percent and 19 percent (P=0.47). In addition, the incidences of perinatal death, preterm birth, and infants small for gestational age were similar in the aspirin and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS In our study, low-dose aspirin did not reduce the incidence of preeclampsia significantly or improve perinatal outcomes in pregnant women at high risk for preeclampsia.
A UTI Neonatal sob a ótica das mães

doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i4. 7130 This paper presents the mothers' feelings of newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, once this kind of admission demands their separation soon after the birth. It has as objective to understand the babies' mothers feelings in the neo ICU. A qualitative exploratory research was carried out, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve mothers admitted to the neo ICU in a public hospital inside the Sao Paulo State, between November/2007 and March/2008. To interpret data it was chosen a content analysis that allowed identifying a thematic category "Neo ICU under mothers' view", and three sub-themes: the unknown search, an endless search; care obstacles; and mothers' needs not perceived by the team. The results showed that it is necessary to change the theoretical referential of nursing care in order to mothers can be assisted in their needs, thus participating in their newborn care to improve an emotional bond mother-child, generating a pleasant environment for the triad mother/baby/health-team. Descriptors: Neonatal Intensive Care Units; Newborns; Mother-child relationship; Hospitalization; Healthcare humanization.
In-vivo 6-DOF measurement of knee movement using an open MR system

Relative movement between the femur and tibia themselves has yet to be measured clinically, primarily due to the limitation of measurement methodology. To achieve such measurement, the authors developed a totally new method capable of measuring 6-DOF movement of the tibia relative to the femur, using an open MR system. Relative movement was computed in a manner as follows: (1) reconstruction of 3-D joint contours; (2) registration of the bone contours; (3) computation of the motion parameters. The authors actually measured knee movement of a subject during flexion and certified the validity and clinical applicability of their methodology.
Effect of weight loss induced by gastric bypass on proinflammatory interleukin‐18, soluble tumour necrosis factor‐α receptors, C‐reactive protein and adiponectin in morbidly obese patients

Objective Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine whose role in human obesity has recently been suggested. The aim of our study was to analyse in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass, the relationship of IL‐18 with insulin resistance and with proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐α receptors, sTNFR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and with adiponectin.
Computational upscaled modeling of heterogeneous porous media flow utilizing finite volume method

In this dissertation we develop and analyze numerical method to solve general elliptic boundary value problems with many scales. The numerical method presented is intended to capture the small scales effect on the large scale solution without resolving the small scale details, which is done through the construction of a multiscale map. The multiscale method is more effective when the coarse element size is larger than the small scale length. To guarantee a numerical conservation, a finite volume element method is used to construct the global problem. Analysis of the multiscale method is separately done for cases of linear and nonlinear coefficients. For linear coefficients, the multiscale finite volume element method is viewed as a perturbation of multiscale finite element method. The analysis uses substantially the existing finite element results and techniques. The multiscale method for nonlinear coefficients will be analyzed in the finite element sense. A class of correctors corresponding to the multiscale method will be discussed. In turn, the analysis will rely on approximation properties of this correctors. Several numerical experiments verifying the theoretical results will be given. Finally we will present several applications of the multiscale method in the flow in porous media. Problems that we will consider are multiphase immiscible flow, multicomponent miscible flow, and soil infiltration in saturated/unsaturated flow.
Encoding and Decoding in the television discourse

This legendary article puts for the first time in the centre of the communication’ s debate the asymmetry between the process of encoding and decoding in emission and reception in massive communication. Analysing how denotative significations can have different functions and they can hide some aspects to each audience, and how connotative significance have broad ideological, social and cultural aspects that are important to be competent about to understand the messages, the author gives as TV examples and alerts about the danger of developing a study of communication too formalist, but also recommends the necessity of distinctions between the different process of expression and interpretation of messages.