Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of critical current density and residual resistance ratio limits in powder in tube Nb3Sn conductors

High critical current density (Jc) Nb3Sn A15 multifilamentary wires require a large volume fraction of small grain (SG), superconducting A15 phase, as well as Cu stabilizer with high Residual Resistance Ratio (RRR) to provide electromagnetic stabilization and protection. In powder-in-tube (PIT) wires the unreacted Nb7.5 wt%Ta outer layer of the tubular filaments acts as a diffusion barrier and protects the interfilamentary Cu stabilizer from Sn contamination. A high RRR requirement generally imposes a restricted A15 reaction heat treatment to prevent localized full reaction of the filament that could allow Sn to reach the Cu. In this study we investigate recent high quality PIT wires that achieve a Jc (12 T, 4.2 K) up to ∼2500 A mm−2 and find that the minimum diffusion barrier thickness decreases as the filament aspect ratio increases from ∼1 in the inner rings of filaments to 1.3 in the outer filament rings. We found that just 2–3 diffusion barrier breaches can degrade RRR from 300 to 150 or less. Using progressive etching of the Cu we also found that the RRR degradation is localized near the external filaments where deformation is highest. Consequently minimizing filament distortion during strand fabrication is important for reducing RRR degradation. The additional challenge of developing the highest possible Jc must be addressed by forming the maximum fraction of high Jc SG A15 and minimizing low Jc large-grain (LG) A15 morphologies. In one wire we found that 15% of the filaments had a significantly enhanced SG/LG A15 ratio and no residual A15 in the core, a feature that opens a path to substantial Jc improvement.
Nigeria Economic Recess versus WagnerÃ¢ÂÂs Law and Keynesian Proposition

This study is a follow-up on effectiveness of government strategies to redress the current Nigeria economic recess. Specifically, the study examined the adequacy of public expenditure led approaches to retract the negative growth of national income. In order to achieve this, the paper examines the validity of Wagner’s law and Keynesian proposition in Nigeria using Toda and Yamamoto and Dolado and Lutkepohl (TYDL) approaches to causality within the frameworks of augmented VAR and Block Exogeneity Wald test. The study employed aggregate and disaggregated government expenditure under six different sub divisions. The results show that five of the six pairs of the expenditure components, which includes, total government expenditure, capital expenditure, expenditure on economic activities, expenditure on general administration and expenditure on agriculture support Wagner’s law, only expenditure on agriculture supports Keynesian proposition on bidirectional causality while no causality is found for recurrent expenditure. It is therefore evidenced that Wagner’s law is strongly supported in Nigeria, thus suggests that private sector led approach would be more appropriate for Nigeria economic recovery than the current expansionary fiscal policy approach of the government.
Regulatory Implications of Cumulative Risk for Perchlorate as an Iodide Uptake Inhibitor

This research applies aggregate and cumulative risk assessment considerations to intakes of compounds acting through the sodium-iodide symporter mechanism to produce iodide uptake inhibition into the thyroid. Four approaches to setting regulatory limits considered here based on NOELs/LOELs yield the following estimates of the safe levels of perchlorate in water (when perchlorate in water is the sole intake) or total goitrogens (PEC) acting through the same mechanism: 1) Approach 1: 18 μg/L; 2) Approach 2: 400 μg/L (50% required inhibition) or 38 μg/L (5% required inhibition); 3) Approach 3: 338 μg/L (without serum half-life correction) or 573 μg/L (with serum half-life correction); 4) Approach 4: 737 μg/L (without serum half-life correction) or 973 μg/L (with serum half-life correction) for 50% required inhibition; 375 μg/L (without half-life) or 735 μg/L (with half-life) for 5% required inhibition. Where water is not the sole route of exposure and perchlorate is not the sole goitrogen acting through the sodium-iodide symporter mechanism, the results of Approaches 3 and 4 can be applied to mixtures of compounds that produce these values as PECs. Results of the analysis suggest that compound-by-compound regulatory limits may be better dealt with through a change to risk-based management strategies that are built around the concept of focusing limited regulatory resources on the main contributors to risks induced by the mechanism considered here.
Changes of 14C Concentration in Modern Trees from Upper Silesia Region, Poland

Radiocarbon concentration measurements in tree rings from Upper Silesia indicate significantly lower 14C concentration as compared to the concentrations occurring in “clean air” areas. This phenomenon is known as the Suess effect and is caused by contamination with inactive carbon that originates from fossil fuels combustion. This effect is observed in large urban and industrial areas. Samples for the measurements presented in the paper were collected in some of the largest cities in Upper Silesia: Gliwice, Ruda Śląska, and Chorzów. The samples were annual tree rings (Populus nigra, Pinus silvestris) covering years 1965–1992 and the atmospheric CO2 collected weekly between December 1994 and December 1995.
Investigate the relationship between Economic Value Added with leverage ratio and profitability of petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange

Development in different fields, which has led the past not apply and have to follow a set of new ways to analyze the data. In financial management because of the progress that has been made in recent decades. To forecast the company's profitability and performance evaluation criteria traditionally used. It seems to offer a new way to assess performance, such as economic value added by the Institute of Stern Stewart saw the gradual replacement Rather than the traditional criteria for performance evaluation and the analysis of financial statements. This study is a cross-sectional. The study population consisted of all petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, includes 14 companies, in 2008 to 2013. In this study, analysis of documents selected companies, including the financial statements and notes is attached is used. Software for data collection, application processor manages the Trading System Stock Exchange used to be abundant. The results showed that by increasing the leverage ratio, reduced economic value. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between economic value and leverage ratio.
Outcomes of a Prospective Surveillance and a Local Consensus-based Guideline to Promote the Intravenous-oral Conversion of Antibiotics

An intravenous-to-oral antibiotic conversion can lower drug costs, reduce patient's hospital stay, and improve patient's comfort, without sacrificing effectiveness of the treatment. In Thailand, the IV-oral conversion has not received much attention from administrators as an effective cost containment strategy nor has been widely implemented. To examine the effects of an IV-oral conversion of antibiotics using two distinct approaches: the prospective surveillance and the local consensus-based guideline. A pre-post study design was used, and effects of each strategy were examined twice (i.e., the immediate effects and the effects at month four). Measures of the effectiveness included incidence of converted prescriptions when they met the conversion criteria, excess IV days of target drugs, and potentially avoidable cost (PAC). The prospective surveillance increased the conversion incidence by 14%, reduced the excess IV days by 72% and PAC by 71% for the immediate assessment, and had no effects at month four. The local consensus- based guideline increased the conversion incidence by 7% as the immediate effect, and reduced the excess days by 44% and 52% as the immediate and four-month effects, respectively. This was accompanied by a reduction in the PAC by 55% for the four-month assessment. Both prospective surveillance and local consensus-based guideline strategies to promote IV-oral conversion of antibiotics for hospitalized patients provided positive economic impacts. The local consensus-based guideline yielded greater long-term benefits. The prospective surveillance yielded a greater effect but for a shorter period, thus should be implemented on a continual basis. ©All right reserved.
Contraceptive Discontinuation among Nigerian Women: Exploring the Ethnic Variations

Rate of contraceptive discontinuation is on the increase among users who are still at risk of unwanted pregnancy despite their knowledge of the need for it. Little is known about associated factors and variations among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria. This study explored the ethnic variations in contraceptive discontinuation among married women of childbearing age 15–49 years (n=5,992) using Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation were examined using Pearson Chi-Square and Binary Logistic Regression. The result indicated that contraceptive discontinuation was highest among Hausa/Fulani(40.2%) and the minority ethnic groups (37.8%)compared with their Igbo (35.6%) and Yoruba counterparts (33.6%). Major reasons for discontinuation were infrequent sex (18.9%), menopausal or hysterectomy (17.8%) and fear of side effect (17.5%). Though with variations among the ethnic groups, age, residence, education, wealth status, number of living children, experience of child death, age at first marriage and birth, and desire for more children were the major factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Nigeria (p<0.05). Odds of discontinuation were significantly lower among Yoruba women (OR=0.94;C.I=0.61–0.96; p<0.05) compared with Hausa/Fulani counterparts. The study suggests focus on improving contraceptive technology, contraceptive education and wide coverage.
Variation in linear body measurements and establishing prediction equations for live body weight of indigenous sheep populations of southern Ethiopia

This study was conducted to describe variations in morphometrical traits and determine the usefulness of some linear body measurements in predicting body weight (BW) of indigenous sheep populations reared in KmabataTembaro-Hadiya (KTH), Wolaita (WOL), Gamogofa (GAG), Gurage-Silti (GUS) and Sidama-Gedeo (SIG) zones of Southern Region of Ethiopia. Data were obtained from 2712 sheep that were drawn from 928 households. The BW and height at withers (HW) in WOL and SIG ewes aged 1-2 years was significantly high compared to others. High chest girth (CG) values were obtained from SIG, GAG, and GUS ewes. Ewes of SIG, WOL, KTH and GAG had significantly high body length (BL). Significantly high CG values were obtained from SIG and GAG ewes. Rams of WOL, KTH and GUS had significantly high BW, BL and HW. Body weight of KTH, WOL and GAG ewes aged 1 year and above 2 years and rams is better estimated using CG alone. However, the best predictor for KTH, WOL and GAG ewes aged 1-2 years old were CG, HW and BL. In conclusion, CG was the primary variable to explain most of the variations in BW and can be used as reliable predictor for studied sheep types. SIG and WOL sheep had a relatively large body frame and emphasis may be given for their improvement.
A Study of Algorithm Selection in Data Mining using Meta-Learning

This article discusses the algorithm selection problem in data mining with the help of meta-learning. We present the issue with the help of the classification and clustering problems. In this study, we have analyzed the working of a meta-learning system in connection with the classical algorithm selection problem. Various ranking combination methods available in the literature have been explored from the perspective of the measurement system. Discussion about two new ranking combination methods namely the relative ranking and the percentage ranking have been included. The study also identifies few potential challenges in relation to algorithm selection in data mining using meta-learning
Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft Bangkok clay: a case study of the new Bangkok International Airport project

This paper presents the performance of a full-scale test embankment constructed on soft Bangkok clay with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at the site of the new Bangkok International Airport in Thailand. The embankment was square in plan with a maximum height of 4.2 m, 3H:1V side slopes, and base dimensions of 40 m by 40 m. The piezometric level with depth is characterized by negative drawdown starting at around 8-10 m depth caused by excessive withdrawal of groundwater. Instrumentation was provided to monitor both horizontal and vertical movements of the test embankment. The measured increases in undrained shear strengths with depth are in agreement with the values calculated from the SHANSEP technique. The secondary compression ratio, Cα, was 0.018, or within the normal values for marine clays. The coefficient of horizontal consolidation measured in the field, Ch(field), was higher for soil at 4 and 10 m depths than for the weakest soil at 6 m depth. The back-calculated Ch(field) values range from .
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE LEAF EPIDERMIS OF Schizostachyum nees FROM VIETNAM

SUMMARY The foliage leaf epidermis of 13 Schizostachyum species from Vietnam was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that hairs - microhairs commonly seen and consist of three types such as long hairs, geniculate hairs, and spines hairs; the stomata of all species on the lower epidermis are larger, elliptical in shape and arranged in 2 - 5 rows on each side of a vein, each stoma covers finger - like protuberances (papillae) which come forth from the epidermal cells next to the epidermal cells, incline towards the center of stoma. However, the stomata on the lower epidermis covers finger - like protuberances and hairs - microhairs between leaf blades of different species. These characters were of taxonomic significance at the specific species level.
Macroeconomic Effects of Tariffs : Insights from a New Open Economy Macroeconomics Model

The macroeconomics of protection attracted attention when economies increasingly suffered from internal and external instabilities. This was the case, when the disintegration effects of the B W system and a series of import price shocks resulted in high inflation and unemployment as well as remarkable current account imbalances. To deal with this macroeconomic environment, the M F model seemed to be a suitable framework for analyzing the effects of trade policy (M, ; E, , ; K, ). At first glance, the imposition of an import tariff should raise the competitiveness of domestic producers thereby promoting production and employment. However, the models developed so far repeatedly revealed that under fairly general assumptions output and employment may instead be reduced by restricting international trade (F and S, ; S, ; S and T, ) leading to the conclusion that trade policy is by no means a substitute for domestic labor market policy. While the consideration of macroeconomic repercussions represents an important contribution to the analysis of protection, the M F-type models exhibit at least two theoretical shortcomings (L, ). First, demand and supply functions on macroeconomic goods and
The Influence of Human Capital Elements on Performance: Evidence from West Java SMEs

The purpose of this paper is to establish the Influence of Human Capital Elements on Performance: Evidence from West Java SMEs. A valid research instrument was utilized to conduct a survey on 250 SME and 897 respondents that are representative of 397 SMEs and 1,087 respondents. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted to ascertain the validity of the hypotheses. The result was established that human capital elements (employee educational level, experience and motivation) are associated with SME`s performance. Furthermore, human capital as a whole accounts for 55.9 percent of the variation in performance Indonesia`s SMEs. Finally, human capital was studied and by the virtual of the results, there are other factors that contribute to SME`s performance that were not part of this study. Keywords : human capital, education, experience, motivation, performance
Vulnerability to poverty: an empirical comparison of alternative measures

This article compares empirically the several measures of individual vulnerability to poverty proposed in the literature, in order to understand which is the best signal of poverty that can be used for policy purposes. To this aim, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients are used as precision criteria. The results show that two groups of indexes can be identified, high and low performers, and, among the former, that proposed by Dutta et al. (2011) is the most precise.
Biogenic amine levels of Bez sucuks - a type of traditional fermented beef sausage.

In this study, the determination of biogenic amine levels of bez sucuks was aimed. For this purpose, sucuk samples were obtained from 12 different manufacturers mainly consisting of butchers, and, the levels of tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine were measured. It was seen that putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine and spermine levels of sucuks were in the ranges of 0.97-15.77 mg/kg, 0.53-9.03 mg/kg, 0.25-19.56 mg/kg, 64.11-275.81 mg/kg and 96.39-364.14 mg/kg, respectively. Although spermidine was not detected in one of the groups obtained from butchers, spermidine levels of other groups were between 8.06 mg/kg and 103.26 mg/kg. It was determined that tryptamine levels of sucuk samples ranged between 3.54 mg/kg and 32.76 mg/kg, except the group obtained from the butcher. Although histamine and cadaverine levels of bez sucuks were low, one of the groups obtained from small scaled facility had a quite high level of spermidine known as possible precursors of carcinogenic N-nitrosoamines.
The Impact of Financial Liberalization on Private Investment in Ghana

Ghanaâ€™s financial sector policies have largely been influenced by changes in global economic thoughts. Prior to the 1980s when it was fashionable in the development literature to advocate for interventionist policies, the countryâ€™s financial system was heavily regulated beyond the mere enforcement of contracts and fraud preventions. Later in the 1980s when the new orthodox became the order of the day, the country once again began a major policy experiment with these policies. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the financial sector reforms on private investment in Ghana. To achieve this, a simple econometric model was developed and estimated using data from 1980 â€“ 2007. It came out from the study that private investment responded marginally to the financial liberalization policies in Ghana. The general conclusion of the study is that financial liberalization will not have favorable effects on private investment unless foreign and unproductive assets such as cash and gold are channeled to the banking sector in developing countries.
Three-dimensional focal spots related to two-photon excitation

We used a photopolymer consisting of urethane acrylate monomer and free-radical-type initiators as a media for recording two-photon-excited (TPE) focal spots in three dimensions. Mathematically, the initiator plays a role of “k ” operator, transforming the quadratic light intensity distribution to a linear radical concentration distribution. Then, the monomer acts as a three-dimensional (3D) “film,” fixing the focal volume where radical concentration is above a threshold as a voxel. An ascending scan method was utilized to avoid substrate truncation and to achieve isolated complete 3D voxels, from which accurate forms of TPE focus were obtained. The 3D photographing technology led to a clear explanation of the origin of pronounced contradictions in reported spatial resolutions, and would be critical for laser precision microfabrication in various materials.
Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and magnetic resonance imaging for the quantification of fat mass

Introduction: Body composition is a key determinant of health. Many methods, including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), are available to estimate body composition; however the validity of such methods varies greatly. The aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate the accuracy of the Tanita MC-180MA BIA machine in the quantification of fat mass through comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Ten young healthy volunteers (aged 24.4, SD 3.8 years) underwent BIA and MRI. Fat mass quantification was generated by the system software of the MC-180MA through the use of prediction equations and impedance data, and through the use of a bespoke application developed for use with MRI output. Fat mass results for the lower limbs and torso were analysed using correlation, t-test and Bland and Altman analysis. Results: Strong correlation was observed however there was a significant difference between assessment methods for fat mass in the lower limb and in the lower limbs and torso combined (p=0.002 and p=0.013 respectively). Bland and Altman plots showed large limits of agreement spanning up to 54% of the overall mean and significant bias for measurement of fat mass in the lower limbs (2.2kg) and torso and lower limbs combined (2.6kg). Conclusions: When compared to results obtained during MRI, BIA significantly underestimated fat mass. Overall, accuracy was poor and it can be concluded that BIA showed poor agreement with MRI in the quantification of fat mass.
Credit Availability in the Crisis: Which Role for the European Investment Bank Group?

In this paper we consider a moral hazard problem between a creditworthy firm which needs funding and a bank. We first study under which conditions the firm does not obtain the loan. We then determine whether and how the intervention of an external financial institution can facilitate the access to credit. In particular, we focus on the European Investment Bank Group (EIBG), which provides (i) specific credit lines to help banks that finance small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)and (ii) guarantees for portfolios of SMEs'loans. We show that only during crises the EIBG intervention allows to totally overcome the credit crunch.
INCORPORATING OCCUPANCY MODELS IN DESIGNING STUDIES OF ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION: A GLIMPSE ON THE HABITAT USE OF AN AMPHIBIAN IN THE SAXON LANDSCAPES OF TRANSYLVANIA

SUMMARY. The importance of occupancy models in studying the habitat use and distribution of organisms was only relatively recently emphasized. Their advantage is that allow to predict the site occupancy and at the same time to quantitatively estimate the detection probability of the studied organism. Here we apply for the first time in Romania these models on Hyla arborea, a locally and regionally common but threatened amphibian. 30 permanent ponds were studied in 2007 and 2008. Our results show that the detection probability is high (>0.7), and the differences between the found percentage of occupancy and predicted occupancy was small. However, the data not accounted for detection probability may underestimate the use of ponds containing predatory fish. According to the count data there is a sharp decline of H. arborea in these ponds, but the occupancy models predict no such decline, suggesting that some ponds with H. arborea were missed in 2008. The detection probability was positively related to the emergent vegetation cover in the ponds, but the effect of vegetation was stronger in 2007 than in 2008. We suggest the estimation of detectability on different sensitive species before their local – regional decline.