Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fluoxetine on Food Intake of Humans Living in a Residential Laboratory

Ten male and one female normal-weight research volunteers, participating in a 16-day residential study, received oral fluoxetine (40 mg) or placebo at 0930 daily. Food intake, performance and subjective ratings were measured throughout the day. The interaction between fluoxetine and carbohydrate consumption was examined by providing subjects diets that engendered varied levels of carbohydrate intake. When subjects received placebo and had access to a regular diet, they consumed 3400 kcal day-1 (53% carbohydrate, 34% fat, 13% protein); and fluoxetine decreased caloric intake to 2770 Kcal, without affecting macronutrient contribution. Caloric intake (2730 Kcal; 67% carbohydrate) under the high-carbohydrate condition when subjects received fluoxetine was not different from intake under the regular-diet fluoxetine conditions. Subjects reported that the high-fat (low-carbohydrate) diet was less palatable and consumed 2975 Kcal under placebo conditions (35% carbohydrate); fluoxetine decreased caloric intake by an additional 400 Kcal without affecting macronutrient contribution. There was no evidence that carbohydrate intake modulated the effects of fluoxetine. Fluoxetine decreased food intake by decreasing the number of eating occasions. Performance and subjective measures were not significantly altered by fluoxetine compared to placebo. Thus, there was no evidence of a specific effect of fluoxetine on macronutrient consumption, nor were the effects of fluoxetine altered by the macronutrient composition of the available diet.
"I Just Feel Like I Have to Duke It Out by Myself": How Latino Men Cope with Academic and Personal Obstacles During College

This qualitative study sought to identify the academic and social challenges that Latino men encountered during college as well as understand how Latino men utilized coping responses to overcome those obstacles. Latino men in this study most often encountered four major academic and social obstacles during their college experience: over involvement with on-campus organizations, academic preparedness, family influence, and building a support system. To cope with these challenges, study participants often chose to cope internally with obstacles, rather than reaching out and utilizing support systems. The men who utilized support systems to cope with their challenges relied mainly on college peers and mentors.
Effect of Acticoat® and Cutinova Hydro® on wound healing

In this study, the effects of the wound‐covering materials, Acticoat® and Cutinova Hydro®, on wound healing have been studied in rabbit models with open and tissue‐lost wounds with full‐thickness flank excisions. Rabbits were used as subjects with three groups of four rabbits each, and trial periods of 7, 14 and 21{\uns}days. Four circular wounds, of 1.5 cm diameter were made two on the right (one of them control) and two on the left (one of them control) of the dorsal sides of the abdomen. Acticoat® and Cutinova Hydro® were applied on the wounds with suture for a period of 21 days and one each placed on the right and left sides as control with gauze. Biopsy specimens were taken from the animals at the end of the research period to check the length of the epithelium, epithelial thickness, size of wounds, wound granulation tissue formation and histopathological evaluation for clarity. The Acticoat® group showed better healing and scar formation compared to the Cutinova Hydro® group by macroscopic examination. Epithelial wound length and clarity in terms of statistical difference occurred on day 21 (P <0.05); while the length of the wound epithelium decreased patency, epithelial thickness on days~7, 14 and 21, showed no statistical differences (P >0.05). As a result, the Acticoat® wound dressing was determined as a more reliable for the early wound healing. This study has shown the short‐term clinical benefits of hydroactive, polyurethane dressings in the management of acute wounds. However, longer periods of wound healing procedure should be planned for reliable and safe results of wound dressing. It has also been concluded that microbiological analyses should be included for more robust and reliable comparisons.
The implications of the presence of osteomyelitis on outcomes of infected diabetic foot wounds

Abstract Aim: To assess the effect of the presence of osteomyelitis in patients with a diabetic foot infection. Methods: We reviewed the records of diabetic patients hospitalized at our medical center for a foot infection over a 2-y period. Using clinical, imaging, and microbiology results, we classified each patient as having diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) or not. We then compared several outcome criteria of interest between the 2 groups. Results: Among 73 eligible patients, 37 were in the DFO group (DFO group), while the other 36 were in the soft tissue infection group (STI group). In comparison to the STI group, the DFO group had a significantly longer length of stay (LOS) in the hospital (42 (28.5–51) days vs 19.5 (13.2–29.5) days, p < 0.001), longer duration of antibiotic therapy (46.6 ± 19.9 days vs 22.0 ± 14.6 days, p < 0.001), longer duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy (32.3 ± 16.3 days vs 13.6 ± 14.3 days, p < 0.001), longer duration of wound before admission (44 (31–64.5) days vs 33 (23–45.5) days, p = 0.034), and longer time to wound healing (239.8 ± 108.2 days vs 183.1 ± 73 days, p = 0.011). There were more surgical procedures in the DFO group than in the STI group (24/37 (64.8%) vs 11/36 (30.5%), p = 0.003), and during hospitalization, 22 patients in the DFO group and 5 patients in STI group underwent minor amputation (59.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of osteomyelitis negatively affects both the treatment and outcome of diabetic foot infections.
Comparative effects of proprioceptive and isometric exercises on pain intensity and difficulty in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised control study.

PURPOSE The study compared the effects of isometric quadriceps exercise and proprioceptive exercise on pain, joint stiffness and physical difficulties of patients with knee osteoarthritis. SUBJECTS Forty-five patients with history of knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated into two groups; A with 23 subjects and B with 22 subjects. METHODS All subjects received infrared radiation for 20 minutes and kneading massage with methyl salicylate ointment. Group A underwent proprioceptive exercises while Group B had isometric quadriceps exercise. Each exercise session lasted for 10 minutes according to standard protocol, twice in a week for six weeks. Pre-treatment, 3rd week and 6th week pain intensity, joint stiffness and physical difficulties were assessed using Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used to analyse the data while descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the result. RESULTS Proprioceptive exercises reduced pain intensity significantly (F = 4.76; p = 0.00) at 6th week with effect size of 2.79, and physical difficulty (F = 3.69; p < 0.04) with effect size of 7.53 better than isometric exercises. There was a significant reduction in the pain intensity (F = 12.08; p < 0.001), and physical difficulties (F = 3.69, p = 0.04) in pre-treatment, 3rd week and 6th week in both Group A and B. CONCLUSION Both exercises are effective but proprioceptive exercises may be more effective in the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) than isometric exercises.
Regional Pools and Environmental Controls of Vertebrate Richness

The species richness of local communities depends on the richness of the regional pool and the filtering processes that preclude some regional species from occurring locally. These filters may include absolute attributes of the local environment and also how representative the local environment is of the surrounding region. The latter is consistent with a species-sorting perspective, in which regional species only occupy the local habitats to which they are adapted. Here we evaluate the relative effects of local environmental conditions, environmental representativeness, and environment-independent processes on the probability of local species occurrence, given their regional presence, of birds, mammals, and amphibians worldwide. In multipredictor models, environmental representativeness is a strong independent predictor of local species occurrence probability, with a relative contribution greater than that of absolute local environmental conditions. Furthermore, we find that local occurrence probability diminishes with increased regional richness independent of the local environment. This is consistent with reduced local occupancy in richer regions, which is a pattern that could stem from a largely neutral community assembly process. Our results support the importance of both environment-independent and species-sorting processes and suggest that regional richness and environmental representativeness should be jointly used for understanding richness gradients across scales.
New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Gyrinidae, Carabidae, and Dytiscidae

Abstract Dineutus assimilis Kirby and Dineutus discolor Aubé of the Family Gyrinidae are newly reported from New Brunswick, Canada. Four species of Carabidae, Agonum (Agonum) piceolum (LeConte), Bembidion (Pseudoperyphus) rufotinctum Chaudoir, Harpalus (Harpalus) opacipennis (Haldeman), and Pterostichus (Melanius) castor Goulet & Bousquet are newly reported from New Brunswick and the Maritime provinces, and one species of Dytiscidae, Liodessus noviaffinis Miller, is newly recorded for the province. Collection, habitat data, and distribution maps are presented for each species.
Psychological adjustment of ‘surgery‐only’ pediatric neuro‐oncology patients: a retrospective analysis

A recent increase in diagnoses of pediatric neuro‐oncology tumors combined with recent advancements in medical treatment of such tumors has resulted in a growing cohort of pediatric brain tumor survivors. These survivors are at risk for short and long‐term psychological adjustment problems. Most studies regarding these survivors have focused on children who have received combinations of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy as medical treatment. The sub‐group of pediatric neuro‐oncology patients who receive surgery as the only form of medical treatment has not been closely followed for adjustment problems. In this study, data were retrospectively collected from semi‐structured clinical interviews with 34 ‘surgery‐only’ pediatric neuro‐oncology patients who were 2 weeks to 5 years off medical treatment for their tumor. These data suggest that these survivors may be experiencing significant short and long‐term mood, behavioral, and academic adjustment problems in comparison to national averages for children regarding these issues. Additional research examining the psychological adjustment process for surgery‐only pediatric neuro‐oncology patients is needed to validate these preliminary findings and facilitate the development of targeted interventions to address the identified adjustment problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speech Processing for Cochlear Implants with the Discrete Wavelet Transform: Feasibility Study and Performance Evaluation

An innovative approach is investigated for speech processing in cochlear implants (CI). Differently from the traditional filter-bank spectral analysis strategies, the proposed method analyses the speech signal by means of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Preliminary tests were conducted in order to compare the WT and the filter-bank analysis methods. Additionally, the intelligibility of the speech processed with the proposed WT strategy was tested on normal hearing people by means of the acoustic simulations and a comparison was made with respect to traditional CI algorithms. Results showed that the WT could be a suitable method for speech coding in CIs. The information loss was minimal and, in speech recognition tests, the WT performance was similar to traditional filter-bank strategies
Miniature Mobile Sensor Platforms for Condition Monitoring of Structures

In this paper, a wireless, multisensor inspection system for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of materials is described. The sensor configuration enables two inspection modes-magnetic (flux leakage and eddy current) and noncontact ultrasound. Each is designed to function in a complementary manner, maximizing the potential for detection of both surface and internal defects. Particular emphasis is placed on the generic architecture of a novel, intelligent sensor platform, and its positioning on the structure under test. The sensor units are capable of wireless communication with a remote host computer, which controls manipulation and data interpretation. Results are presented in the form of automatic scans with different NDE sensors in a series of experiments on thin plate structures. To highlight the advantage of utilizing multiple inspection modalities, data fusion approaches are employed to combine data collected by complementary sensor systems. Fusion of data is shown to demonstrate the potential for improved inspection reliability.
Selective phosphorylation during early macrophage differentiation

The differentiation of macrophages from monocytes is a tightly controlled and complex biological process. Although numerous studies have been conducted using biochemical approaches or global gene/protein profiling, the mechanisms of the early stages of differentiation remain unclear. Here we used SILAC‐based quantitative proteomics approach to perform temporal phosphoproteome profiling of early macrophage differentiation. We identified a large set of phosphoproteins and grouped them as PMA‐regulated and non‐regulated phosphoproteins in the early stages of differentiation. Further analysis of the PMA‐regulated phosphoproteins revealed that transcriptional suppression, cytoskeletal reorganization and cell adhesion were among the most significantly activated pathways. Some key involved regulators of these pathways are mTOR, MYB, STAT1 and CTNNB. Moreover, we were able to classify the roles and activities of several transcriptional factors during different differentiation stages and found that E2F is likely to be an important regulator during the relatively late stages of differentiation. This study provides the first comprehensive picture of the dynamic phosphoproteome during myeloid cells differentiation, and identifies potential molecular targets in leukemic cells.
The Effect of Metformin on the Expression of GPR109A, NF‐&kgr;B and IL‐1&bgr; in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which often accompanies dyslipidemia, is considered an inflammatory disease. GPR109A, as a niacin receptor, is up‐regulated under high glucose concentration. Activation of GPR109A reduces GSIS and exerts anti‐inflammatory effects by regulating NF‐&kgr;B/IL‐1&bgr; signaling. Metformin improves hyperglycemia, increases insulin sensitivity and attenuates the activation of the NF‐&kgr;B pathway in T2DM. We aimed to examine whether metformin plays beneficial effects in T2DM by regulating the GPR109A signaling. Methods. 117 T2DM patients were involved in this study and divided into two groups, the control group (without metformin) and the Metformin (Met) group (orally given metformin, 500mg‐2000mg/d). Peripheral blood samples were collected from all the patients for testing PBL counts, biochemical data, and C peptide. Total RNA was isolated from PBLs. RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to examine the expression of GPR109A, NF‐&kgr;B and IL‐1&bgr; in PBLs. Results. FPG, HbA1c and LDL levels were lower and 2hr C peptide was higher in the Met group than in the control group (P<0.05). RT‐PCR showed that mRNA levels of GPR109A, NF‐&kgr;B and IL‐1&bgr; were lower in the Met group than in the control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between GPR109A and IL‐1&bgr; (p<0.01, r=0.425) in the control group, GPR109A and IL‐1&bgr; (p<0.05, r=0.256), GPR109A, and NF‐&kgr;B (p<0.05,r=0.295) in the Met group. Immunocytochemistry showed that the GPR109A and NF‐&kgr;B proteins were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of PBLs; however, there were no significant differences in the protein expression between the two groups. Conclusions. The results suggest that Met may reduce GPR109A expression in PBLs of T2DM patients by suppressing NF‐&kgr;B/IL‐1&bgr; signaling. Up‐regulated expression of GPR109A may be an inflammatory consequence and the improvement of inflammation may down‐regulate the expression of GPR109A in T2DM.
The use of routine duplex scanning in the assessment of varicose veins.

BACKGROUND Clinical assessment has been shown to compare poorly with results of hand-held Doppler examination or venography in the evaluation of varicose veins. Although the use of duplex scanning has been well described in the assessment of varicose veins, there are few data comparing clinical and Doppler assessment with results of duplex scans. METHODS A total of 188 patients were referred with varicose veins to a sole specialist vascular surgeon over a 1-year period. After clinical and Doppler assessment, all patients were referred for a duplex scan which was performed by a trained vascular technician. The results of the duplex scan were compared retrospectively with the clinical and Doppler findings. RESULTS A total of 315 legs were assessed over this period, with 38.7% having recurrent disease and 31.4% having trophic skin changes or ulceration. On duplex scanning, 198 legs (62.9%) had saphenofemoral junction incompetence, 61 legs (19.4%) had saphenopopliteal junction incompetence, 94 legs (29.8%) had perforator incompetence and 24 legs (7.6%) had deep venous incompetence. The respective sensitivity of clinical and Doppler assessment at these sites was 71.2, 36.1, 43.6 and 29.2%. If patients who were felt to have sole saphenofemoral junction incompetence clinically were treated by high ligation, stripping to the knee and stab avulsions, 28.9% would have had sites of reflux untreated. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and Doppler assessment is unreliable. Routine duplex scanning is likely to reduce recurrence by identifying sites of reflux with greater accuracy.
Regionalist Protest through Shared Rule? Peripherality and the Use of Cantonal Initiatives in Switzerland

ABSTRACT In this article, we are interested in the extent to which federalism is able to deal with peripheral protest through shared rule channels. Shared rule as a key dimension of federal states has not thus far received adequate academic attention. Empirically, we analyse the use of all cantonal initiatives in Switzerland over the past 25 years as a particular instrument of shared rule, subsequently focusing on two peripheral regions with successful regionalist parties, Ticino and Geneva. We find that regionalist parties contribute towards radicalizing peripheral demands in search of attention from the centre. This leads to the mainstreaming of peripheral demands by pulling other parties along. We conclude that shared rule properly designed gives even the most peripheral regions a voice in national decisions, but that regionalist parties may also use shared rule instruments to mobilize their electorate at home to fight their non-regionalist competitors.
Characterization of the Induction and Cellular Role of the BaeSR Two-Component Envelope Stress Response of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The bacterial cell envelope is the interface between a bacterium and its environment and is constantly exposed to environmental changes. The BaeSR two-component system regulates one of six envelope stress responses in Escherichia coli and is induced by spheroplasting, overexpression of the pilin subunit PapG, and exposure to indole. The known BaeR regulon is small, consisting of eight genes, mdtABCD-baeSR, acrD, and spy, two of which encode the BaeSR two-component system itself. In this study, we investigated the molecular nature of the BaeS-inducing cue and the cellular role of the BaeSR envelope stress response. We demonstrated that at least two flavonoids and sodium tungstate are novel inducers of the BaeSR response. Interestingly, flavonoids and sodium tungstate led to much stronger induction of the BaeSR response in an mdtA efflux pump mutant, while indole did not. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that flavonoids and sodium tungstate are natural substrates of the MdtABC efflux pump. Indole has recently been implicated in cell-cell signaling and biofilm repression through a putative interaction with the LuxR homologue SdiA. Using genetic analyses, we found that induction of the BaeSR response by indole occurs via a pathway separate from the SdiA biofilm pathway. Further, we demonstrated that the BaeSR response does not influence biofilm formation, nor is it involved in indole-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation. We hypothesize that the main function of the Bae response is to upregulate efflux pump expression in response to specific envelope-damaging agents.
β-Amyloid peptide blocks the response of α7-containing nicotinic receptors on hippocampal neurons

Alzheimer's disease produces a devastating decline in mental function, with profound effects on learning and memory. Early consequences of the disease include the specific loss of cholinergic neurons in brain, diminished cholinergic signaling, and the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide in neuritic plaques. Of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at risk, the most critical may be those containing the α7 gene product (α7-nAChRs), because they are widespread, have a high relative permeability to calcium, and regulate numerous cellular events in the nervous system. With the use of whole-cell patch–clamp recording we show here that nanomolar concentrations of β-amyloid peptides specifically and reversibly block α7-nAChRs on rat hippocampal neurons in culture. The block is noncompetitive, voltage-independent, and use-independent and is mediated through the N-terminal extracellular domain of the receptor. It does not appear to require either calcium influx or G protein activation. β-Amyloid blockade is likely to be a common feature of α7-nAChRs because it applies to the receptors at both somato-dendritic and presynaptic locations on rat hippocampal neurons and extends to homologous receptors on chick ciliary ganglion neurons as well. Because α7-nAChRs in the central nervous system are thought to have numerous functions and recently have been implicated in learning and memory, impaired receptor function in this case may contribute to cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Coffee intake and elevated cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in men.

Coffee intake from three-day diet records was studied in association with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in a cross-sectional sample of 77 middle-aged American men to determine the significance and form of their interrelationships. The number of cups consumed per day correlated positively with levels of apolipoprotein B (r = .27, P less than or equal to .01) and became more strongly correlated when adjusted for age, cigarette use, adiposity, aerobic capacity, nutrient intake, and stress. Coffee intake also correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels when adjusted for these confounding factors. Graphic analyses revealed that plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol were unrelated to intake of up to 2 cups of coffee per day and positively associated with intake exceeding 2 to 3 cups. These results suggest that male heavy coffee drinkers have lipoprotein profiles suggestive of increased cardiovascular disease risk, although the causality remains to be determined.