Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UTILIZATION OF ANALGESICS IN PERIOPERATIVE CASES OF TEACHING HOSPITAL

Introduction- Pain is an important dimension of post operative experience for most patients and many of them continue to experience moderate to severe pain after surgery. Proper management of pain remains one of the most important issues for health professionals. Utilization pattern of analgesics are changing from salicylates to wide range of synthetic compounds like cyclo-oxygenase (cox-2) inhibitors. Objective- The aim was to provide concise and updated information about use of analgesics and to find out existing prescribing practices. Methodology- Analgesic prescribing pattern was surveyed in the perioperative cases of a Teaching Hospital, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Nagpur. This was a cross sectional hospital based survey of prescribing pattern of analgesics. The study sample included 843 in-patient prescriptions from surgical departments; general surgery, orthopedics, obs & gynae, ENT and ophthalmology. Results-The study showed that in all, 8 different analgesic agents were prescribed. Analgesics were prescribed by parenteral route in 52.20%, oral 42.82% and by topical route in 4.98% of cases. Diclofenac was the most prescribed analgesic by different routes of administration. A trend towards use of new modalities of pain relief like epidural bupivacaine was observed. Suggestion for establishment of institutional prescribing policy is recommended.
The correlation between nurses’ self-esteem and job satisfaction in Educational hospitals of Khorramabad in 2014

Abstract Backgroun and aim: Self-esteem is the basic structure and essence of self-assessment and positive selfperception as one of the potential variables of job satisfaction. Employees’ job satisfaction is a career attitude, is an important variable for providing better services. The aim of this study is the determination the correlation between nurses’ self-esteem and job satisfaction in teaching Khorramabad , Iran in 2014. Method and Materials: This descriptive study was carried out in Khorramabad, Iranr in 2014. A convenient sample of 170 nurses participated in the study . Data were collected by 3 questionnaires : demographic characteristics of participants, Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory, and Wysocki & Chrome Job Satisfaction Scheme. ،The validity of questionnaires was assured by content validity method. The reliability of the instruments was determined by computing Chronbach's Alpha . The questionnaires were distributed to nurses working in different shift works, which were completed and returned . Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. Results: Considering the self s steem scores of nurses , 25.9% were classified , as being at low self esteem level, 55. 9% at the average level and 18. 2% at the high self esteem level, while 23. 5% were at the low job satisfaction level, 64. 7% were at the average job satisfaction level and 11. 8% in were at the high job satisfaction level. Spearman correlation coefficients for correlation between self-esteem and job satisfaction was(r = 0. 381) (p = 0. 001) ,which shows a significant correlation between self-esteem and job satisfaction. The spearman correlation coefficients for age/work experience and self-esteem were (r = 0. 132) and (r = 0. 154), respectively, (p = 0. 086) and (p = 0. 045), respectively. There is a significant correlation between self-esteem and work experience, yet there is no significant correlation between self-esteem and age. The spearman correlation coefficients between ,work experience and job satisfaction were (r = 0. 278) and (r = 0. 274), respectively, (p = 0. 001). The correlation between age and job satisfaction is significant. Conclusion: According to the research results, it could be mentioned that there is a relationship between both variables of self-esteem and job satisfaction among the nurses. It is recommended to consider self-esteem and its promotion methods as a strategy to increase nurses’ job satisfaction. Keywords: self Esteem, job satisfaction, nurses.
Demographic Transition, Family Size and Child Schooling

This paper first presents evidence to show that in recent years there has been a substantial fall in fertility among illiterate women in India. Subsequently, using the data from the Human Development Profile Survey of 1994, it shows that child schooling among illiterate parents is inversely related to family size and positively related to contraceptive use. By connecting these two pieces of evidence, the paper argues that fertility is falling and child schooling is rising among illiterate couples because of the quantity-quality trade-off. The detrimental effect of family size on child schooling is found to be more severe on female children and on the first-born of either sex. Perhaps this is because when family size is large, these children are either not sent to school at all or withdrawn early, to supplement the family income or to look after the younger siblings. Consequently, it is argued that the first female child would particularly stand to gain from declines in fertility. [WP no. 86]
Dynamic recruitment of Ets1 to both nucleosome-occupied and -depleted enhancer regions mediates a transcriptional program switch during early T-cell differentiation

Ets1 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that plays an important role during hematopoiesis, and is essential for the transition of CD4−/CD8− double negative (DN) to CD4+/CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. Using genome-wide and functional approaches, we investigated the binding properties, transcriptional role and chromatin environment of Ets1 during this transition. We found that while Ets1 binding at distal sites was associated with active genes at both DN and DP stages, its enhancer activity was attained at the DP stage, as reflected by levels of the core transcriptional hallmarks H3K4me1/3, RNA Polymerase II and eRNA. This dual, stage-specific ability reflected a switch from non-T hematopoietic toward T-cell specific gene expression programs during the DN-to-DP transition, as indicated by transcriptome analyses of Ets1−/− thymic cells. Coincidentally, Ets1 associates more specifically with Runx1 in DN and with TCF1 in DP cells. We also provide evidence that Ets1 predominantly binds distal nucleosome-occupied regions in DN and nucleosome-depleted regions in DP. Finally and importantly, we demonstrate that Ets1 induces chromatin remodeling by displacing H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes. Our results thus provide an original model whereby the ability of a transcription factor to bind nucleosomal DNA changes during differentiation with consequences on its cognate enhancer activity.
SimRNA: a coarse-grained method for RNA folding simulations and 3D structure prediction

RNA molecules play fundamental roles in cellular processes. Their function and interactions with other biomolecules are dependent on the ability to form complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. However, experimental determination of RNA 3D structures is laborious and challenging, and therefore, the majority of known RNAs remain structurally uncharacterized. Here, we present SimRNA: a new method for computational RNA 3D structure prediction, which uses a coarse-grained representation, relies on the Monte Carlo method for sampling the conformational space, and employs a statistical potential to approximate the energy and identify conformations that correspond to biologically relevant structures. SimRNA can fold RNA molecules using only sequence information, and, on established test sequences, it recapitulates secondary structure with high accuracy, including correct prediction of pseudoknots. For modeling of complex 3D structures, it can use additional restraints, derived from experimental or computational analyses, including information about secondary structure and/or long-range contacts. SimRNA also can be used to analyze conformational landscapes and identify potential alternative structures.
Precision methylome characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most common infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). To panoramically analyze MTBC's genomic methylation, we completed the genomes of 12 MTBC strains (Mycobacterium bovis; M. bovis BCG; M. microti; M. africanum; M. tuberculosis H37Rv; H37Ra; and 6 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates) belonging to different lineages and characterized their methylomes using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. We identified three m6A sequence motifs and their corresponding methyltransferase (MTase) genes, including the reported mamA, hsdM and a newly discovered mamB. We also experimentally verified the methylated motifs and functions of HsdM and MamB. Our analysis indicated the MTase activities varied between 12 strains due to mutations/deletions. Furthermore, through measuring ‘the methylated-motif-site ratio’ and ‘the methylated-read ratio’, we explored the methylation status of each modified site and sequence-read to obtain the ‘precision methylome’ of the MTBC strains, which enabled intricate analysis of MTase activity at whole-genome scale. Most unmodified sites overlapped with transcription-factor binding-regions, which might protect these sites from methylation. Overall, our findings show enormous potential for the SMRT platform to investigate the precise character of methylome, and significantly enhance our understanding of the function of DNA MTase.
The Role and Significance of C – Reactive Protein in Neonatal Sepsis: A Clinical Investigation

Objective : To evaluate the role of CRP in the management of neonatal sepsis in a NICU setting where resources for diagnosis and monitoring prognosis is minimal. Methodology : The study was conducted at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar hospital, Agartala for a period of one year from March 2010 to February 2011. The data included neonates born with definite risk factor who were clinically evaluated and subsequently transferred to NICU. The admitted neonates were evaluated for laboratory values, out of which serial C – reactive protein estimation (CRP) was particularly studied and correlated with initiation and duration of antibiotic therapy. Results : Of 1533 clinically evaluated neonates, 352 were transferred to NICU. In 120 neonates, antibiotics were either discontinued before 48 hours or not treated based on serial CRP concentration. The majority of neonates (206) were treated for 3 to 5 days and 26 treated for six days or more. Peak CRP concentration primarily determined the duration of antibiotic therapy, with the mean CRP level rising from 2.4 mg/dl to 10.8 mg/dl from third to above sixth day of treatment. The mean duration of treatment was 3.4 days. No infant discharged with normal CRP value was readmitted in this hospital with signs of sepsis within one month. Conclusion : Serial CRP estimation has been evaluated out to be a low cost, effective and rapid prognostic marker in acute infection. It definitely helps in deciding the initiation and duration of antibiotic therapy, thereby reducing unwanted antibiotic exposure and duration of hospital stay of neonates. Keywords : C – reactive protein ; neonate ; antibiotic ; sepsis
Dicer interacts with SIRT7 and regulates H3K18 deacetylation in response to DNA damaging agents

Dicer participates in heterochromatin formation in fission yeast and plants. However, whether it has a similar role in mammals remains controversial. Here we showed that the human Dicer protein interacts with SIRT7, an NAD+-dependent H3K18Ac (acetylated lysine 18 of histone H3) deacetylase, and holds a proportion of SIRT7 in the cytoplasm. Dicer knockdown led to an increase of chromatin-associated SIRT7 and simultaneously a decrease of cytoplasmic SIRT7, while its overexpression induced SIRT7 reduction in the chromatin-associated fraction and increment in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, DNA damaging agents promoted Dicer expression, leading to decreased level of chromatin-associated SIRT7 and increased level of H3K18Ac, which can be alleviated by Dicer knockdown. Taken together with that H3K18Ac was exclusively associated with the chromatin, our findings suggest that Dicer induction by DNA damaging treatments prevents H3K18Ac deacetylation, probably by trapping more SIRT7 in the cytoplasm.
Reactivity of human convalescent sera with influenza virus hemagglutinin protein mutants at antigenic site A

How the antibodies of individual convalescent human sera bind to each amino acid residue at the antigenic sites of hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza viruses, and how the antigenic drift strains of influenza viruses are selected by human sera, is not well understood. In our previous study, it was found by a binding assay with a chimeric HA between A/Kamata/14/91 (Ka/91) and A/Aichi/2/68 that convalescent human sera, following Ka/91 like (H3N2) virus infection, bind to antigenic site A of Ka/91 HA. Here using chimeric HAs possessing single amino acid substitutions at site A, it was determined how those human sera recognize each amino acid residue at antigenic site A. It was found that the capacity of human sera to recognize amino acid substitutions at site A differs from one person to another and that some amino acid substitutions result in all convalescent human sera losing their binding capacity. Among these amino acid substitutions, certain ones might be selected by chance, thus creating successive antigenic drift. Phylogenetic analysis of the drift strains of Ka/91 showed amino acid substitutions at positions 133, 135 and 145 were on the main stream of the phylogenetic tree. Indeed, all of the investigated convalescent sera failed to recognize one of them.
Locked and proteolysis-based transcription activator-like effector (TALE) regulation

Development of orthogonal, designable and adjustable transcriptional regulators is an important goal of synthetic biology. Their activity has been typically modulated through stimulus-induced oligomerization or interaction between the DNA-binding and activation/repression domain. We exploited a feature of the designable Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) DNA-binding domain that it winds around the DNA which allows to topologically prevent it from binding by intramolecular cyclization. This new approach was investigated through noncovalent ligand-induced cyclization or through a covalent split intein cyclization strategy, where the topological inhibition of DNA binding by cyclization and its restoration by a proteolytic release of the topologic constraint was expected. We show that locked TALEs indeed have diminished DNA binding and regain full transcriptional activity by stimulation with the rapamycin ligand or site-specific proteolysis of the peptide linker, with much higher level of activation than rapamycin-induced heterodimerization. Additionally, we demonstrated reversibility, activation of genomic targets and implemented logic gates based on combinations of protein cyclization, proteolytic cleavage and ligand-induced dimerization, where the strongest fold induction was achieved by the proteolytic cleavage of a repression domain from a linear TALE.
Evaluation of bactericidal effects of low‐temperature nitrogen gas plasma towards application to short‐time sterilization

To develop a novel low‐temperature plasma sterilizer using pure N2 gas as a plasma source, we evaluated bactericidal ability of a prototype apparatus provided by NGK Insulators. After determination of the sterilizing conditions without the cold spots, the D value of the BI of Geobacillus stearothermophilus endospores on the filter paper was determined as 1.9 min. However, the inactivation efficiency of BI carrying the same endospores on SUS varied to some extent, suggesting that the bactericidal effect might vary by materials of sterilized instruments. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also exposed to the N2 gas plasma and confirmed to be inactivated within 30 min. Through the evaluation of bactericidal efficiency in a sterilization bag, we concluded that the UV photons in the plasma and the high‐voltage pulse to generate the gas plasma were not concerned with the bactericidal effect of the N2 gas plasma. Bactericidal effect might be exhibited by activated nitrogen atoms or molecular radicals.
FANCD2 and REV1 cooperate in the protection of nascent DNA strands in response to replication stress

REV1 is a eukaryotic member of the Y-family of DNA polymerases involved in translesion DNA synthesis and genome mutagenesis. Recently, REV1 is also found to function in homologous recombination. However, it remains unclear how REV1 is recruited to the sites where homologous recombination is processed. Here, we report that loss of mammalian REV1 results in a specific defect in replication-associated gene conversion. We found that REV1 is targeted to laser-induced DNA damage stripes in a manner dependent on its ubiquitin-binding motifs, on RAD18, and on monoubiquitinated FANCD2 (FANCD2-mUb) that associates with REV1. Expression of a FANCD2-Ub chimeric protein in RAD18-depleted cells enhances REV1 assembly at laser-damaged sites, suggesting that FANCD2-mUb functions downstream of RAD18 to recruit REV1 to DNA breaks. Consistent with this suggestion we found that REV1 and FANCD2 are epistatic with respect to sensitivity to the double-strand break-inducer camptothecin. REV1 enrichment at DNA damage stripes also partially depends on BRCA1 and BRCA2, components of the FANCD2/BRCA supercomplex. Intriguingly, analogous to FANCD2-mUb and BRCA1/BRCA2, REV1 plays an unexpected role in protecting nascent replication tracts from degradation by stabilizing RAD51 filaments. Collectively these data suggest that REV1 plays multiple roles at stalled replication forks in response to replication stress.
Co‐administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interleukin‐18 and interferon‐α provides enhanced Th1‐biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

The co‐administration of two or more cytokines may generate additive or synergistic effects for controlling infectious diseases. However, the practical use of cytokine combinations for the modulation of immune responses against inactivated vaccine has not been demonstrated in livestock yet, primarily due to protein stability, production, and costs associated with mass administration. In light of the current situation, we evaluated the immunomodulatory functions of the combined administration of swine interleukin‐18 (swIL‐18) and interferon‐α (swIFN‐α) against an inactivated PrV vaccine using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a cytokine delivery system. Co‐administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL‐18 and swIFN‐α produced enhanced Th1‐biased humoral and cellular immune responses against the inactivated PrV vaccine, when compared to single administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing either swIL‐18 or swIFN‐α. Also, enhanced immune responses in co‐administered piglets occurred rapidly after virulent PrV challenge, and piglets that received co‐administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL‐18 and swIFN‐α displayed a greater alleviation of clinical severity following the virulent PrV challenge, as determined by clinical scores and cumulative daily weight gain. Furthermore, this enhancement was confirmed by reduced nasal shedding of PrV following viral challenge. Therefore, these results suggest that oral co‐administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL‐18 and swIFN‐α provide enhanced Th1‐biased immunity against inactivated PrV vaccine to alleviate clinical signs caused by PrV challenge.
Recurrent chimeric fusion RNAs in non-cancer tissues and cells

Gene fusions and their products (RNA and protein) were once thought to be unique features to cancer. However, chimeric RNAs can also be found in normal cells. Here, we performed, curated and analyzed nearly 300 RNA-Seq libraries covering 30 different non-neoplastic human tissues and cells as well as 15 mouse tissues. A large number of fusion transcripts were found. Most fusions were detected only once, while 291 were seen in more than one sample. We focused on the recurrent fusions and performed RNA and protein level validations on a subset. We characterized these fusions based on various features of the fusions, and their parental genes. They tend to be expressed at higher levels relative to their parental genes than the non-recurrent ones. Over half of the recurrent fusions involve neighboring genes transcribing in the same direction. A few sequence motifs were found enriched close to the fusion junction sites. We performed functional analyses on a few widely expressed fusions, and found that silencing them resulted in dramatic reduction in normal cell growth and/or motility. Most chimeras use canonical splicing sites, thus are likely products of ‘intergenic splicing’. We also explored the implications of these non-pathological fusions in cancer and in evolution.
Defective histone supply causes condensin-dependent chromatin alterations, SAC activation and chromosome decatenation impairment

The structural organization of chromosomes is essential for their correct function and dynamics during the cell cycle. The assembly of DNA into chromatin provides the substrate for topoisomerases and condensins, which introduce the different levels of superhelical torsion required for DNA metabolism. In particular, Top2 and condensin are directly involved in both the resolution of precatenanes that form during replication and the formation of the intramolecular loop that detects tension at the centromeric chromatin during chromosome biorientation. Here we show that histone depletion activates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and impairs sister chromatid decatenation, leading to chromosome mis-segregation and lethality in the absence of the SAC. We demonstrate that histone depletion impairs chromosome biorientation and activates the Aurora-dependent pathway, which detects tension problems at the kinetochore. Interestingly, SAC activation is suppressed by the absence of Top2 and Smc2, an essential component of condensin. Indeed, smc2-8 suppresses catenanes accumulation, mitotic arrest and growth defects induced by histone depletion at semi-permissive temperature. Remarkably, SAC activation by histone depletion is associated with condensin-mediated alterations of the centromeric chromatin. Therefore, our results reveal the importance of a precise interplay between histone supply and condensin/Top2 for pericentric chromatin structure, precatenanes resolution and centromere biorientation.
Relação de dores musculoesqueléticas e estresse em acadêmicos do último período antes do estágio do curso de enfermagem em uma instituição de ensino superior

Este trabalho verificou a relacao de dores musculoesqueleticas e estresse em academicos do ultimo periodo antes do estagio do Curso de enfermagem em uma Instituicao de Ensino Superior. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, com 20 academicos do ultimo periodo antes do estagio. Foram utilizados neste trabalho como instrumentos de avaliacao, a versao para o portugues brasileiro do Questionario Nordico Padronizado e em relacao a analise do estresse as informacoes foram obtidas por meio do Questionario Maslach (MaslachBurnoutInventory. O estudo evidenciou que o burnout comecou a se instalar.Queixas de dores nos ultimos 12 meses nas regioes anatomicas do pescoco 65%, ombro 40%, parte superior das costas 70% e parte inferior das costas 75%. Dores nos ultimos 7 dias nas regioes anatomicas do pescoco 35%, parte superior das costas 75% e parte inferior das costas 40%.