Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retinal adaptation and invariance to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics

Gašper Tkačik∗a, Anandamohan Ghosh, Elad Schneidman, and Ronen Segev Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741252 Nadia, India Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel Facutly of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Be’er Sheva, Israel
Symbiotic Response of Phyllanthus emblica L . Vars . Wild and Chakaiya to Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Four different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were evaluated for their symbiotic response with Pyllanthus emblica L. (var. Wild and Chakaiya) under green house conditions. The AM fungi used were Sclerocystis dussi, Acaulospora laevis, Gigaspora margarita and Glomus fasciculatum. Seedlings were raised in polythene bags containing soil inoculated with isolates of different AM fungi. Pyllanthus seedlings raised in the presence of AM fungi generally had greater plant height, biomass, stem diameter, number of leaves and phosphorus content compared to uninoculated plants. They also had more mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in the rhizospheric soil. Considering the various parameters of the plants, it was observed that Glomus fasciculatum is the best arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts for Pyllanthus emblica L. (var. Wild and Chakaiya); compared to others in this experiment.
CSF β‐endorphin and β‐lipotropin in Alzheimer's disease and multi‐infarct dementia

We measured CSF levels of the opioid peptides β-endorphin and β-lipotropin in patients with Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia and controls. In both dementia moups, the mean concentration of β-endomhin was significantly lower than in controls. The mean β-lipotropin levels did not differ significantly in the two groups. The low CSF β-endorphin level may relate generally to dementia.
Effect of Potassium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Grown in Loamy Sand Soil

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) contains high quality edible oil (48 per cent), easily digestible protein (26 per cent) and carbohydrates (20 per cent) therefore considered as „king of oilseed‟ among the oilseed crops and botanically classified in family Fabaceae (Das et al., 2005). Groundnut provides an inexpensive source of high quality dietary protein and oil to millions of people in world especially in developing counties also it is a source of considerable amounts of mineral elements to supplement the dietary requirements of humans and farm animals. (Asibuo et al., 2008). Peanut oil like other vegetable oil is determined on the ester which is made up of straight chain higher fatty acids International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Examining psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a Chinese version of the Self-Compassion Scale – Short Form (SCS-SF) in nursing students and medical workers

Background: Self-compassion has been regarded as a key psychological construct and a protective factor of mental health status. The focus of the present study was to adapt the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) into Chinese, assess the validity and reliability of the measure and test measurement invariance (MI) across nursing students and medical workers. Methods: The current study assessed the psychometric properties and invariance of the SCS-Short Form (SCS-SF) in two samples of 2676 from nursing students and medical workers. For construct validity, con ﬁ rmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFAs and EFAs) were conducted. Using Perceived Stress Questionnaire , Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8) and Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, we evaluated concurrent validity and convergent/divergent validity. For reliability, internal consistency and test – retest analysis were employed. Multi-group analyses were conducted to examine MI of the different SCS-models across populations. Results: CFA showed that the proposed six-factor second-order model could not be replicated and the six-factor ﬁ rst-order model was a reasonable to mediocre ﬁ tting model in both samples. EFA supported a three-factor structure which consisted of one positive and two negative factors. CFA con ﬁ rmed that the hypothesized three-factor structure with 10 items ultimately was considered as the optimal model on the ﬁ tted results. The SCS-SF-10 (10 items form) also demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test – retest reliability, as well as strong concurrent validity with measures of stress perception, health status, anxious and depressive symptoms. Convergent/divergent validity was not satisfactory. Multi-group CFAs provided support for the validity of the established models. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the SCS-SF-10 has sound psychometric properties and can be applied to ef ﬁ ciently assess self-compassion in Chinese-speaking populations. The current study contributes to the identi ﬁ cation and measurement of self-compassion after adversities.
Boolean delay equations on networks: An application to economic damage propagation

We introduce economic models based on Boolean Delay Equations: this formalism makes easier to take into account the complexity of the interactions between firms and is particularly appropriate for studying the propagation of an initial damage due to a catastrophe. Here we concentrate on simple cases, which allow to understand the effects of multiple concurrent production paths as well as the presence of stochasticity in the path time lengths or in the network structure. In absence of flexibility, the shortening of production of a single firm in an isolated network with multiple connections usually ends up by attaining a finite fraction of the firms or the whole economy, whereas the interactions with the outside allow a partial recovering of the activity, giving rise to periodic solutions with waves of damage which propagate across the structure. The damage propagation speed is strongly dependent upon the topology. The existence of multiple concurrent production paths does not necessarily imply a slowing down of the propagation, which can be as fast as the shortest path.
News Co-Occurrence, Attention Spillover, and Return Predictability

We examine the effect of investor attention spillover on stock return predictability. Using a novel measure, the News Network Triggered Attention index (NNTA), we find that NNTA negatively predicts market returns with a monthly in(out)-of-sample R-square of 5.97% (5.80%). In the cross-section, a long-short portfolio based on news co-occurrence generates a significant monthly alpha of 68 basis points. The results are robust to the inclusion of alternative attention proxies, sentiment measures, other news- and information-based predictors, across recession and expansion periods. We further validate the attention spillover effect by showing that news co-mentioning leads to greater increases in Google and Bloomberg search volumes than unconditional news coverage. Our findings suggest that attention spillover in a news-based network can lead to significant stock market overvaluations, and especially when arbitrage is limited.
Assessing the Generalizability of Code2vec Token Embeddings

Many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as sentiment analysis or syntactic parsing, have benefited from the development of word embedding models. In particular, regardless of the training algorithms, the learned embeddings have often been shown to be generalizable to different NLP tasks. In contrast, despite recent momentum on word embeddings for source code, the literature lacks evidence of their generalizability beyond the example task they have been trained for. In this experience paper, we identify 3 potential downstream tasks, namely code comments generation, code authorship identification, and code clones detection, that source code token embedding models can be applied to. We empirically assess a recently proposed code token embedding model, namely code2vec's token embeddings. Code2vec was trained on the task of predicting method names, and while there is potential for using the vectors it learns on other tasks, it has not been explored in literature. Therefore, we fill this gap by focusing on its generalizability for the tasks we have identified. Eventually, we show that source code token embeddings cannot be readily leveraged for the downstream tasks. Our experiments even show that our attempts to use them do not result in any improvements over less sophisticated methods. We call for more research into effective and general use of code embeddings.
Benefits of Preconditioning Beef Calves Compared to the Traditional Marketing Practice

Preconditioning is a management practice used by beef farmers on the farm for enhancing health and nutrition of beef calves. It has the potential to bring higher economic returns for cow-calf producers from feeder calves if preconditioning is cost-effective. The objective of this study was to find out the price differences between traditional marketing and value added marketing (preconditioning or board sales) of beef calves in the state of Alabama from 2012-2016. The sales data were collected from the USDA-AMS (Agricultural Marketing Service) field office at Montgomery, Alabama, for both traditional marketing (auctions) and value added marketing (board sales). There were 21 locations for traditional marketing while board sales data were collected from 3 locations. Of the total calf sales, only 23% calves were sold through board sales. Sales data were collected from 585 lots representing 118,125 head of calves sold between January 2012 and December of 2016 at different auctions and board sales. The data consisted of auction types, gender, muscle scores and average weight (range: 250-386 kg), however, the breeds of feeder calves were not considered. Data were analyzed using the general linear model procedures of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC) to determine the price difference associated with sales type including all variables listed above. However, the economic values of preconditioning were not determined. The results showed that beef calf prices differed significantly (p<0.05) between market types (auction vs. board sales), years, gender, muscle scores and average weights. The overall yearly price averages were $2.64, $3.00, $4.62, $4.51 and $2.75 kg of live weight for years 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. When values for market types (auction and board sales) were combined, the average prices for Muscle Scores (MS) were $3.58, 3.67, 3.47 and 3.29 kg for MS 1, MS 1 and 2 combined, MS 2 and MS 3, respectively. The year 2014 was the best year for beef calf prices in Alabama regardless of auction types. The results of this study suggest that there are price differences between the traditional marketing and board sales (preconditioning) of calves. However, the net profits due to marketing strategies needs to be investigated further to demonstrate the economic benefits of preconditioning calves, especially to small producers.
Relative age effect in Polish National Football teams

Background: The aim of this study was to determine if a Relative Age Effect (RAE) is present in Polish National Football Teams. Material and methods: Birth date distributions of football players from youth Polish National Teams (Under 15 – Under 19) and the senior Polish National Team were compared. The sample (a total of 1801 players) included 909 youth players – U-15 (n=290), U-16 (n=221), U-17 (n=153), U-18 (n=157), and U-19 (n=88) – and 892 professional players who played in at least one official game for the senior Polish National Team. Results: ‪An over-representation of players born in the first quarter of each selection year was identified on all youth teams. Anova Friedman test confirmed that the number of players on youth National Teams is dependent on the month of birth. Anova Kruskala-Wallis test demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the number of players born in January, March, and May. The Relative Age Effect fades with increasing age, and vanishes in full, when players reach the senior Polish National Team level. Conclusions: ‪The bias in selection of youth players may lead to poor talent identification and discrimination in the recruitment of professional football players.
P 1 . 26 ROLE OF WARM OCEAN FEATURES ON INTENSITY CHANGE : HURRICANE OPAL

Recent cases have demonstrated that sudden unexpected intensi cation in tropical cyclones often occurs within 24 to 48 hours of striking the coast over oceanic regimes such as the Gulf Stream, Florida Current, Loop Current or warm core eddies (WCE) in the western North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Based on deliberations from the Prospectus Development Team 5 (PDT5), who were tasked by the lead scientist of the United States Weather Research Program for NOAA and NSF, understanding and predicting intensity change requires the knowledge of: tropospheric interactions (troughs and ridges); internal core dynamics; and upper oceanic circulation which control the Oceanic Planetary Boundary Layer's (OPBL) heat content (Marks and Shay 1997).
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Long-Term Monitoring Program ( Gulf Watch Alaska ) Final Report Monitoring Long-Term Changes in Forage Fish Distribution , Abundance and Body Condition Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 16120114-O Final Report

We collected data on forage fish abundance, distribution and body condition in Prince William Sound, Alaska during summers in 2012 through 2016. This included acoustic – trawl surveys, aerial-acoustic surveys, opportunistic sampling where we encountered forage aggregations, and concurrent measurements of forage fish habitat. Acoustic indices of density suggest low abundance of age-0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and krill (Euphausiacea), but higher abundance of age-0 (< 80 mm), age-1 (80-140 mm) herring, and gelatinous zooplankton in 2015. Aerial school density of adult herring was highest in 2015 compared to 2014 or 2016, but acoustic indices of adult Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) did not follow the same pattern. Weight-length-age relationships differed significantly among years for capelin and Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), with higher body condition in 2013 and 2012 than in 2014 and 2015. This work has provided information on prey resources in coastal areas of the Gulf of Alaska that is consistent with recent observations in the larger Gulf of Alaska region. Ongoing analyses will be important in understanding the marine ecosystem response to anomalously warm conditions beginning in 2014.
Hawkes Processes

Hawkes processes are a particularly interesting class of stochastic process that have been applied in diverse areas, from earthquake modelling to financial analysis. They are point processes whose defining characteristic is that they 'self-excite', meaning that each arrival increases the rate of future arrivals for some period of time. Hawkes processes are well established, particularly within the financial literature, yet many of the treatments are inaccessible to one not acquainted with the topic. This survey provides background, introduces the field and historical developments, and touches upon all major aspects of Hawkes processes.
Free-fall experiments of volcanic ash particles using a 2-D video disdrometer

Abstract. Information of aerodynamic parameters of volcanic ash particles, such as terminal velocity, axis ratio, and canting angle, are necessary for quantitative ash-fall estimations with weather radar. In this study, free-fall experiments of volcanic ash particles were accomplished using a two-dimensional video disdrometer under controlled conditions. Samples containing a rotating symmetric axis were selected and divided into five types according to shape and orientation: oblate spheroid with horizontal rotating axis (OH), oblate spheroid with vertical axis (OV), prolate spheroid with horizontal rotating axis (PH), prolate spheroid with vertical rotating axis (PV), and sphere (Sp). The horizontally (OH and PH) and vertically (OV and PV) oriented particles were present in proportions of 76 % and 22 %, and oblate and prolate spheroids were in proportions of 76 % and 24 %, respectively. The most common shape type was OH (57 %). The terminal velocities of OH, OV, PH, PV, and Sp were obtained analyzing 2-D video disdrometer data. The terminal velocities of PV were highest compared to those of other particle types. The lowest terminal velocities were found in OH particles. It is interesting that the terminal velocities for OH decreased rapidly in the range 0.5<D<1 mm, corresponding to the decrease in axis ratio (i.e., smaller the particle, the flatter the shape). The axis ratios of all particle types except Sp were found to be converged to 0.94 at D>2 mm. The histogram of canting angles followed unimodal and bimodal distributions with respect to horizontally and vertically oriented particles, respectively. The mean values and the standard deviation of entire particle shape types were close to 0 and 10∘, respectively, under calm atmospheric conditions.
Dieta wegetariańska w świetle zasad prawidłowego odżywiania - postawy i zachowania wegetarian w Polsce

In recent years vegetarian diets have increased in popularity. Thanks in part to their low energy density and high nutrient density, they are used as preventive treatments for commonly occurring diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether vegetarianism is consistent with the principles of good nutrition and the type of vegetarian diet that is closest to the traditional model of nutrition. Based on surveys and a review of the literature, it is concluded that the most similar model to a mixed diet is a lacto-ovovegetarian diet. Vegetarian diets are able to provide the body with essential nutrients if they are based on the proper selection of plant products and the use of some animal products, such as milk and eggs. An exception is the strictly vegetarian diet (e.g. veganism), which is not recommended by nutritionists.
Status of Tick Infestation in Small Ruminants of Bedelle District , Oromia Region , Ethiopia

A survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of Bedelle District, West Oromia Region. Collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from November 2010 to March 2011. All visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 121 goats and 330 sheep. The prevalence of tick infestation in goats and sheep was found to be 66.12% and 80.7%, respectively. In this study, six species of ticks which grouped under three genera were identified. The most abundant species found in this study were Amblyomma coherence (35.25%), Amblyomma gemma (17.07%) and Amblyomma lepidum (18.48%), Amblyomma variegatum (15.96%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (2.44%) and Boophilus decoloratus (0.89%) Boophilus decoloratus is the minor species of tick observed on sheep and none these ticks were recorded in goats in the study area. The difference in the prevalence of tick infestation between sheep and goats was statistically significant (x =9.43, p=0.002) but found to be statistically 2 significant between male and females (x =2.83, p=0.071). Attention should be given to the control and 2 prevention of ticks, since they cause severe damage to the skins of small ruminants and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; they also transmit some diseases which can cause severe loss to the productivity of these animals.
NOVICE DRIVER TRAINING WITHIN THE SOUTH AFRICAN

Novice drivers, worldwide, have a significant risk of being fatally or seriously injured in a road traffic crash. South African statistics show that novice driver crashes (over a three-year period) represent approximately a tenth of all driver fatalities. As a signatory to the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 (UNDoA), South Africa has pledged to halve road traffic crashes by 2020 from the 2010 baseline. To achieve a systematic reduction in road traffic deaths, the South African Department of Transport (DoT) published the revised National Road Safety Strategy (NRSS) 2016-2030. Developed and designed according to the principles of the Safe Systems approach, the NRSS aims to address the South African road safety problem by prioritising road safety interventions, ensuring appropriate allocation of resources and funds for the design and implementation of actions and strategies to address the dire road safety situation in South Africa. Evidence based research, needs to inform the type and direction of the interventions implemented. The NRSS mentions learner driver training only briefly and there are no clear guidelines on how to address novice driver training within the NRSS framework. This paper provides an overview of competencies acquired while learning to drive and makes recommendations for a more inclusive approach to address novice driver training in the quest for a safe road and traffic system.
Crop Productivity and Soil Biological Properties Influenced by Long Term Application of Mineral Fertilizers and Manures under Rice-Wheat Sequence on Mollisols of Northern India

The rice (Oryza sativa L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system occupies about 28.8 million hectares mainly spread over Asia’s five countries, namely, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and China (Timsinia and Connor, 2001; Prasad, 2005). Rice-wheat cropping system followed in Indo-Gangatic plains of India is also a main cropping system of newly carved Uttarakhand state. This signifies the contribution of rice-wheat cropping system in meeting food requirements of the country. The rice-wheat cropping International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com