Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free-Base and Metal Complexes of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(NMethyl Pyridinium L)Porphyrin: Catalytic and Therapeutic Properties

Porphyrins are tetrapyrrole macrocycles that can coordinate transition metal ions such as iron, cobalt and magnesium and are able to perform a diversity of functions and applications. In biological systems, these molecules are associated with proteins involved in photosynthesis, cell respiration, cell death, antioxidant defence, among others. The stability and versatile applications of porphyrins inspired the synthesis of derivatives including 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) that is the object of the present chapter. In synthetic porphyrins such as TMPyP, the catalytic and photochemical properties can be achieved by the coordination with a diversity of central metal ions. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), TMPyP and other porphyrins act as photosensitizers. The photochemical properties of TMPyP and other porphyrins are also useful for the fabrication of solar cells. The catalytic properties require the presence of a central metal. The MnTMPyP have antioxidant activity that is influenced the capacity of membrane binding, substituents, and meso substituents. Manipulation of the interfacial confinement properties is one of the newest application areas of porphyrins. The associa tion of porphyrins with different surfaces modulates the electronic and physicochemical properties of these molecules. All of these properties are the object of experimental and theoretical studies discussed in the present chapter.
Comparing Students’ Self-Assessment with Teachers’ Assessment of Clinical Skills Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

Evaluation of clinical skills is a demanding and complex process and is dependent on many complex factors, such as teaching and learning approaches, simulated learning, and psychometrically validated assessment tools. Therefore, it is imperative that adequate strategies and methods are employed to evaluate the success of a nursing care activity. One such strategy in the field of nursing care is the application of objective struc - tured clinical examination (OSCE) of a nursing activity. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of evaluating nursing activities in a simulated clinical environment with OSCE to determine synchronicity of the teacher and student assessment. A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which we compared the evaluation of nursing activity by the teacher and the 51 students. Summative content analysis was used to ana - lyze open-ended questions about possible improvement of performed nursing activity. The data showed a large discrepancy (81.9%) in evaluating nursing activity between the teacher and the student. The synchronicity between the teacher and student assessment modality occurred only in 18%. Students were mostly less successful in their assessment of competence with knowledge about carrying out interventions (36.5%), preparing for interventions (24.3%), and infection control (14.4%). Clinical skills acquisition remains an essential element of a student nurse’s development, as competence in nursing skills is essential to patient safety. Simulation is viewed as an increasingly popular approach to the teaching and assessing of clinical skills. The process of evaluating nursing activity demands the usage of objective instruments that require objectivity, fairness, impartial - ity, and comprehension. The use of OSCE is one such method of promoting reliable and valid assessments in nursing skills.
SYMPLECTIC VORTICES WITH FIXED HOLONOMY AT INFINITY EDUARDO GONZALEZ AND CHRIS WOODWARD

Let Σ be a fixed surface with cylindrical end punctures, G a Lie group and let X denote a monotone symplectic manifold with a Hamiltonian G-action. Using the symplectic vortex equations for X on Σ and restricting the connections to those with prescribed holonomy at infinity, we (partially) define gauged Gromov Witten invariants, which are intended to be a Gromov-Witten theory for the quotient X/G.
Homotopy principles for equivariant isomorphisms

Let $G$ be a reductive complex Lie group acting holomorphically on Stein manifolds $X$ and $Y$. Let $p_X\colon X\to Q_X$ and $p_Y\colon Y\to Q_Y$ be the quotient mappings. When is there an equivariant biholomorphism of $X$ and $Y$? A necessary condition is that the categorical quotients $Q_X$ and $Q_Y$ are biholomorphic and that the biholomorphism $\phi$ sends the Luna strata of $Q_X$ isomorphically onto the corresponding Luna strata of $Q_Y$. Fix $\phi$. We demonstrate two homotopy principles in this situation. The first result says that if there is a $G$-diffeomorphism $\Phi\colon X\to Y$, inducing $\phi$, which is $G$-biholomorphic on the reduced fibres of the quotient mappings, then $\Phi$ is homotopic, through $G$-diffeomorphisms satisfying the same conditions, to a $G$-equivariant biholomorphism from $X$ to $Y$. The second result roughly says that if we have a $G$-homeomorphism $\Phi\colon X\to Y$ which induces a continuous family of $G$-equivariant biholomorphisms of the fibres $p_X^{-1}(q)$ and $p_Y^{-1}(\phi(q))$ for $q\in Q_X$ and if $X$ satisfies an auxiliary property (which holds for most $X$), then $\Phi$ is homotopic, through $G$-homeomorphisms satisfying the same conditions, to a $G$-equivariant biholomorphism from $X$ to $Y$. Our results improve upon earlier work of the authors and use new ideas and techniques.
ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN DOGS

Knotek Z, T. Fichtel, R. Husnik, J. Benak: Endoscopic Diagnostics of Chronic Diseases of the Nasal Cavity in Dogs. Acta Vet. Brno 2000, 69:319-326. Results of a two-year project focused on diagnostic efficacy of various endoscopic techniques and their combination in 52 dogs affected by chronic diseases of the nasal cavity are presented. The rigid endoscope Hopkins (diameter 2.7 mm, length 18 cm, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen) and the flexible endoscope Olympus BF Type PE (Olympus Optical Co., Hamburg) were used for anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, respectively. Bioptic samples of damaged nasal tissues were collected under endoscopic guidance, fixed in 10% buffered neutral formaldehyde for 12 to 24 h and processed by the conventional paraffin technique. Deep swabs for bacteriological and mycological examinations were also collected under rhinoscopic guidance. Bacterial and fungal rhinitis and neoplasms were diagnosed in 50%, 19.2%, and 23.1% of the patients, respectively. Foreign bodies were found in four patients (7.7%). Three patients affected by mycotic rhinitis developed fungal plaques on the nasal mucosa. The passage of endoscope was completely blocked by tumours in the anterior part of the nasal cavity in two patients. Destructive lesions were found mostly in patients with chronic nasal problems (aspergillosis, foreign body, chronic bacterial infection). Anterior rhinoscopy with a rigid endoscope and posterior rhinoscopy with a flexible endoscope yielded correct diagnoses in 55.8% and 26.9% of the patients, respectively. Examination by both the techniques increased this proportion to 82.7%. The reliability of histological examination of tissue samples collected by endoscope-assisted biopsy was 94.4%, while that of the other laboratory test only 41.7%. Rhinoscopy can significantly improve the reliability of diagnosis of canine chronic diseases of the nasal cavity.
Fundamental gaps of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with repulsive interaction

We study asymptotically and numerically the fundamental gaps (i.e. the difference between the first excited state and the ground state) in energy and chemical potential of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) -- nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic nonlinearity -- with repulsive interaction under different trapping potentials including box potential and harmonic potential. Based on our asymptotic and numerical results, we formulate a gap conjecture on the fundamental gaps in energy and chemical potential of the GPE on bounded domains with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, and in the whole space with a convex trapping potential growing at least quadratically in the far field. We then extend these results to the GPE on bounded domains with either the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition or periodic boundary condition.
Two decades of inorganic carbon dynamics along the West Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract. We present 20 years of seawater inorganic carbon measurements collected along the western shelf and slope of the Antarctic Peninsula. Water column observations from summertime cruises and seasonal surface underway pCO2 measurements provide unique insights into the spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in this dynamic system. Discrete measurements from depths > 2000 m align well with World Ocean Circulation Experiment observations across the time series and underline the consistency of the data set. Surface total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon data showed large spatial gradients, with a concomitant wide range of Ωarag (
Kinematic constraints to the key inflationary observables

The observables $T/S$ and $n\ensuremath{-}1$ are key to testing and understanding inflation. $(T,$ S, and $n\ensuremath{-}1$ respectively quantify the gravity-wave and density-perturbation contributions to CMB anisotropy and the deviation of the density perturbations from the scale-invariant form.) Absent a standard model, there is no definite prediction for, or relation between, $T/S$ and $n\ensuremath{-}1. $ By reformulating the equations for slow-roll inflation, we show that in the $T/S\ensuremath{-}(n\ensuremath{-}1)$ plane there are excluded regions, regions in which the density perturbations are not well approximated by a power law, and regions in which models with a ``featureless'' potential must lie.
Spektrofotometrijska procjena promjene boje zuba dugotrajno izloženih različitim uvjetima

Adresa za dopisivanje Alma Dozic ACTA, Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam Department of Dental Materials Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherland a.dozic@acta.nl Sažetak Ljudski zubi građeni su od organskih i anorganskih tkivnih komponenata sličnih kostima. Može se pretpostaviti da strukturalna promjena boje zuba u različitim prirodnim uvjetima može poslužiti u forenzičnoj tafonomiji kao, na primjer, u slučaju kad se potvrđuje okoliš i uvjeti ukopa te vrijeme provedeno nakon smrti (PMI-a). Danas se uočavaju i vrlo male promjene u nijansi zuba zahvaljajući dobro razvijenim dentalnim spekrtofotometrima. Poznato je da zubi, ako su izloženi utjecaju zraka, brzo dehidriraju, ali stupanj i način tih promjena u vremenskom intervalu dosad nije objektivno izmjeren. Svrha istraživanja: Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je odrediti stupanj i obrazac promjene boja zuba izloženih određeno vrijeme trima različitim uvjetima. Materijal i postupci: Za istraživanje su odabrani impaktirani treći kutnjaci zato što do tada nisu bili izloženi okolišnim uvjetima. Njihove vrijednosti CIE L*a*b* nakon ekspozicije u suhim uvjetima, natrijevu kloridu (NaCl) i umjetnoj slini (kontrola) izmjerio je iskusni stručnjak dentalnim spektrofotometrom u razmacima od 1 sat, 24 sata, 1 tjedan, 3 tjedna, 5 tjedana i 7 tjedana. Rezultati: Vrijednosti koordinata za L*-lightness (svjetlost) i b*-blue-yellow (plavo-žutu boju) bile su znatno povišene u suhim uvjetima (p < ,001 za svjetlost i p ≤ ,050 za boju), a koordinate za a*-green-red (zeleno-crveno) nisu pokazale statistički značajan pomak. Izloženost ekstrahiranih trećih kutnjaka suhim uvjetima prouzročila je veliko povećanje kordinata L* i b* prema svjetlijem i žućem dijelu, u usporedbi s izloženošću zuba umjetnoj slini i natrijevu kloridu, u svim testiranim uvjetima koordinata a* pokazala se kao vrlo promjenljiva. Zaključak: Izloženost ekstrahiranih impaktiranih umnjaka suhim uvjetima uzrokovala je znatno uzastopno povećanje vrijednosti L* i b* u usporedbi s izloženošću zuba natrijevu kloridu i umjetnoj slini. Ključne riječi forenzička stomatologija; smrt; vlaga; zub; odontometrija; kolorimetrija 1 ACTA – Stomatološki akademski centar u Amsterdamu, Zavod za dentalne materijale, Amsterdam, Nizozemska ACTA, Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, Department of Dental Materials, Amsterdam, Netherland 2 Stomatološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Sarajevu, BiH Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Zavod za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Hrvatska Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Croatia
Hyperspectral portable beam transmissometer for the ultraviolet‐visible spectrum

The spectral beam attenuation coefficient is an important optical property of natural water used to quantify light propagation and visibility in the aquatic media, and to study the concentration of the water constituents. Although beam attenuation in the ultraviolet spectral range may be particularly informative, to date, no transmissometer capable of measuring the beam attenuation in the ultraviolet is commercially available. The portable hyperspectral beam transmissometer developed in our lab is capable of measuring across a broad spectral range (300–750 nm) at 2 nm spectral resolution. The transmissometer exhibits a small acceptance angle (0.55 to 0.59° across the spectrum), a well collimated spectral light beam, and precision of ±0.012 m−1. The attenuation of diverse water samples measured with our transmissometer was found to be significantly similar to that measured with a commercially available transmissometer. Moreover, the attenuation of filtered samples, measured with our transmissometer, was significantly similar to their absorption, measured with a bench‐top spectrometer. Testing the transmissometer in the field, the transmission of water samples collected in Lake Malawi, Africa, was measured on site. The magnitude and spectral shape of attenuation were in general agreement with previous reports. All assessment stages confirm the performance, accuracy, and applicability of our transmissometer. The extended spectral range and high spectral resolution of our portable transmissometer make it an excellent tool for studying the characteristics and distribution of dissolved and particulate matter in aquatic media and exploring the constraints imposed on the visibility and visual communication of aquatic organisms known to have ultraviolet photosensitivity.
Airliner ’ s Pricing Strategies and Perceived Price

Price discriminatory tools and Yield Management are common practices in the Airline industry. Ever since the deregulation of the airline market, airliners are able to charge prices without government intervention. This paper investigates the effect of the pricing strategies employed by airliners and attempts to explain perceived price fairness by customers exposed to these strategies. The model is based on an extensive literature review about airliner‘s pricing strategies and perceived price fairness. The model suggests that pricing strategies, like Yield Management, have a negative effect on perceived price fairness. However, there are 3 extraneous variables that can weaken or strengthen that relationship: Elasticity of Demand, Lateral Consumer Relationship and Illusion of Control Supervisor: E. Constantinides
Assessment of GFR by four methods in adults in Ashanti, Ghana: the need for an eGFR equation for lean African populations

Background. Equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have not been validated in Sub-Saharan African populations, and data on GFR are few. Methods. GFR by creatinine clearance (Ccr) using 24-hour urine collections and estimated GFR (eGFR) using the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD-4)[creatinine calibrated to isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) standard], Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Cockcroft–Gault equations were obtained in Ghanaians aged 40–75. The population comprised 1013 inhabitants in 12 villages; 944 provided a serum creatinine and two 24-hour urines. The mean weight was 54.4 kg; mean body mass index was 21.1 kg/m2. Results. Mean GFR by Ccr was 84.1 ml/min/1.73 m2; 86.8% of participants had a GFR of ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Mean MDRD-4 eGFR was 102.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 (difference vs. Ccr, 18.2: 95% CI: 16.8–19.5); when the factor for black race was omitted, the value (mean 84.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) was close to Ccr. Mean CKD-EPI eGFR was 103.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 89.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 when the factor for race was omitted. The Cockcroft–Gault equation underestimated GFR compared with Ccr by 9.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (CI: 8.3–10.6); particularly in older age groups. GFR by Ccr, and eGFR by MDRD-4, CKD-EPI and Cockcroft–Gault showed falls with age: MDRD-4 5.5, Ccr 7.7, CKD-EPI 8.8 and Cockcroft–Gault 11.0 ml/min/1.73 m2/10 years. The percentage of individuals identified with CKD stages 3–5 depended on the method used: MDRD-4 1.6% (7.2 % without factor for black race; CKD-EPI 1.7% (4.7% without factor for black race), Ccr 13.2% and Cockcroft–Gault 21.0%. Conclusions. Mean eGFR by both MDRD-4 and CKD-EPI was considerably higher than GFR by Ccr and Cockcroft–Gault, a difference that may be attributable to leanness. MDRD-4 appeared to underestimate the fall in GFR with age compared with the three other measurements; the fall with CKD-EPI without the adjustment for race was the closest to that of Ccr. An equation tailored specifically to the needs of the lean populations of Africa is urgently needed. For the present, the CKD-EPI equation without the adjustment for black race appears to be the most useful.
COLOR–MAGNITUDE RELATIONS WITHIN GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS OF GIANT ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES: THE EFFECTS OF GLOBULAR CLUSTER MASS LOSS AND THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION

Several recent studies have provided evidence for a “bottom-heavy” stellar initial mass function (IMF) in massive elliptical galaxies. Here we investigate the influence of the IMF shape on the recently discovered color–magnitude relation (CMR) among globular clusters (GCs) in such galaxies. To this end we use calculations of GC mass loss due to stellar and dynamical evolution to evaluate (1) the shapes of stellar mass functions in GCs after 12 Gyr of evolution as a function of current GC mass along with their effects on integrated-light colors and mass-to-light ratios, and (2) their impact on the effects of GC self-enrichment using the 2009 “reference” model of Bailin & Harris. As to the class of metal-poor GCs, we find the observed shape of the CMR (often referred to as the “blue tilt”) to be very well reproduced by Bailin & Harris's reference self-enrichment model once 12 Gyr of GC mass loss is taken into account. The influence of the IMF on this result is found to be insignificant. However, we find that the observed CMR among the class of metal-rich GCs (the “red tilt”) can only be adequately reproduced if the IMF was bottom-heavy (−3.0 ≲ α ≲ −2.3 in ), which causes the stellar mass function at subsolar masses to depend relatively strongly on GC mass. This constitutes additional evidence that the metal-rich stellar populations in giant elliptical galaxies were formed with a bottom-heavy IMF.
Assessing Formation Scenarios for the Double Nucleus of M31 Using Two-Dimensional Image Decomposition

The double nucleus geometry of M31 is currently best explained by the eccentric disk hypothesis of Tremaine, but whether the eccentric disk resulted from the tidal disruption of an inbounding star cluster, from a nuclear black hole, or from an m = 1 perturbation of a native nuclear disk remains debatable. I perform detailed two-dimensional decomposition of the M31 double nucleus in the Hubble Space Telescope V-band to study the bulge structure and to address competing formation scenarios of the eccentric disk. I deblend the double nucleus (P1 and P2) and the bulge simultaneously using five Sérsic and one Nuker components. P1 and P2 appear to be embedded inside an intermediate component (re = 3.″2) that is nearly spherical (q = 0.97 ± 0.02), while the main galaxy bulge is more elliptical (q = 0.81 ± 0.01). The spherical bulge mass (2.8 × 107 M⊙), being coincident with the supermassive black hole mass (3 × 107 M⊙), conjoined with a shallow bulge cusp, is consistent with the scenario that the bulge was scoured by spiraling binary supermassive black holes. In the two-dimensional decomposition the bulge is consistent with being centered near the UV peak of P2, but the exact position is difficult to pinpoint because of dust in the bulge. P1 and P2 are comparable in mass. Within a radius r = 1″ of P2, the relative mass fraction of the nuclear components is M• : Mbulge : P1 : P2 = 4.3 : 1.2 : 1 : 0.7, assuming the luminous components have a common mass-to-light ratio of 5.7. The eccentric disk as a whole (P1 + P2) is massive, M ≈ 2.1 × 107 M⊙, comparable to the black hole and the local bulge mass. As such, the eccentric disk could not have been formed entirely out of stars that were stripped from an inbounding star cluster. Hence, the more favored scenario is that of a disk formed in situ by an m = 1 perturbation caused possibly by the passing of a giant molecular cloud or the passing/accretion of a small globular cluster.
Impact of metabolic syndrome risk factors in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE Family members of patients with an established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are theoretically at risk of having the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A sample of these family members was studied from a population in a small township in Argentina, which has a high prevalence of T2DM. METHODS We examined the clinical and metabolic characteristics of 132 first-degree relatives of T2DM patients (FDR) and 112 age-matched controls. The subjects were categorized according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria for MetS. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS in the FDR group was 34.8 (IDF) and 26.5% (NCEP-ATPIII) respectively, which was significantly different to the prevalence in controls (p < 0.025). According to IDF criteria, the most prevalent factors among FDR subjects with MetS were low HDL-cholesterol (87%) followed by hypertriglyceridemia (69.5%). In the MetS group, which ranged between 20-29 years old (36%), the major risk factor in women was a low HDL-cholesterol serum level. In the MetS group, which ranged between 30-39 years old (44.4%), the most important risk factor in men was hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the prevalence of MetS is high in young FDR adults, who need urgent preventive treatment, including lifestyle changes. The risk of developing T2DM is five times higher in non-diabetic people with MetS than in those without the syndrome.