Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Activities of Occupational Therapy Clinicians

Two hundred and sevent), occupational therapy cli­ nicians, whose primary or secondary employment function was in direct patient service, were sur­ veyed to determine their perceived roles and atti­ tudes regarding research. N.esults showed a strong belief in the importance of research ill the profes­ sion, yet minimal involvement ill research due to limited time, money, and skill. The role of collabo­ rator with experienced researchers was rated as highl)' desirable. Few clinicians indicated no inter­ est ill research. Implications of the results and sug­ gestions for strategies to increase clinicians' in­ volvement and satisfaction in research through mutual experiences and cOlltinuing education are giuen.
Recent Advances in Information-Centric Networking-Based Internet of Things (ICN-IoT)

Information-centric networking (ICN) is being realized as a promising approach to accomplish the shortcomings of current Internet protocol-address-based networking. ICN models are based on naming the content to get rid of address-space scarcity, accessing the content via name-based-routing, and caching the content at intermediate nodes to provide reliable, efficient data delivery, and self-certifying contents to ensure better security. Obvious benefits of ICN in terms of fast and efficient data delivery and improved reliability raises ICN as highly promising networking model for Internet of Things (IoT) like environments. IoT aims to connect anyone and/or anything at any time by any path on any place. From last decade, IoT attracts both industry and research communities. IoT is an emerging research field and still in its infancy. Thus, this paper presents the potential of ICN for IoT by providing state-of-the-art literature survey. We discuss briefly the feasibility of ICN features and their models (and architectures) in the context of IoT. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive survey on ICN-based caching, naming, security, and mobility approaches for IoT with appropriate classification. Furthermore, we present operating systems and simulation tools for ICN-IoT. Finally, we provide important research challenges and issues faced by ICN for IoT.
A self-consistent chemically stratified atmosphere model for the roAp star 10 Aquilae

Context. Chemically peculiar A-type (Ap) stars are a subgroup of the CP2 stars that exhibit anomalous overabundances of numerous elements, e.g. Fe, Cr, Sr, and rare earth elements. The pulsating subgroup of Ap stars, the roAp stars, present ideal laboratories to observe and model pulsational signatures, as well as the interplay of the pulsations with strong magnetic fields and vertical abundance gradients. Aims. Based on high-resolution spectroscopic observations and observed stellar energy distributions, we construct a self-consistent model atmosphere for the roAp star 10 Aquilae (HD 176232). It accounts for modulations of the temperature-pressure structure caused by vertical abundance gradients. We demonstrate that such an analysis can be used to determine precisely the fundamental atmospheric parameters required for pulsation modelling. Methods. Average abundances were derived for 56 species. For Mg, Si, Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Sr, Pr, and Nd, vertical stratification profiles were empirically derived using the DDAFIT minimisation routine together with the magnetic spectrum synthesis code SYNTHMAG. Model atmospheres were computed with the LLMODELS code, which accounts for the individual abundances and stratification of chemical elements. Results. For the final model atmosphere, T-eff = 7550 K and log (g) = 3.8 were adopted. While Mg, Si, Co, and Cr exhibit steep abundance gradients, Ca, Fe, and Sr showed much wider abundance gradients between log tau(5000) = -1.5 and 0.5. Elements Mg and Co were found to be the least stratified, while Ca and Sr showed strong depth variations in abundance of up to approximate to 6 dex.
Reexamining How Utility and Weighting Functions Get Their Shapes: A Quasi-Adversarial Collaboration Providing a New Interpretation

Stewart, Reimers and Harris (2015, SRH hereafter) demonstrated that shapes of utility and probability weighting functions could be manipulated by adjusting the distributions of outcomes and probabilities on offer, as predicted by the theory of Decision by Sampling. So marked were these effects that, at face value, they profoundly challenge standard interpretations of preference theoretic models where such functions are supposed to reflect stable properties of individual risk preferences. Motivated by this challenge, we report an extensive replication exercise based on a series of experiments conducted as a quasi-adversarial collaboration across different labs and involving researchers from both economics and psychology. We replicate the SRH effect across multiple experiments involving changes in many design features; importantly, however, we find that the effect is also present in designs modified so that Decision by Sampling predicts no effect. While those results depend on model-based inferences, an alternative analysis using a model free comparison approach finds no evidence of patterns akin to the SRH effect. On the basis of simulation exercises, we demonstrate that the SRH effect may be a consequence of misspecification biases arising in parameter recovery exercises that fit imperfectly specified choice models to experimental data. Overall, our analysis casts the SRH effect in an entirely new light.
Fasting may be an alternative treatment method recommended by physicians

Objective:Fasting is a practice found in many cultures both ancient and modern. Although, fasting (religious or otherwise) causes many physiological, biochemical, metabolic and spiritual changes in the body, there is no clear scientific consensus on its beneficial effects on health. Also, despite the popularity and potential promise of therapeutic fasting as a preventive measure, little is known about the prevalence of therapeutic fasting use. This study was performed to discuss whether could fasting be part of wellness? Method:It is reviewed lately conducted studies in regarding the impact of fasting or Ramadan fasting on health. It was searched, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases by using ‘Fasting’, ‘Ramadan fasting’ and ‘Intermittent fasting’ as keyword (publications between 2005 and 2018). Discussion and Conclusion:Research-based molecular and clinical studies on Ramadan and other fasting methods agree that fasting has positive effects on human health. Fasting lead to better metabolic health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Fasting therapy may contribute to the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. It can be said fasting would take place in physician recommendations as a complementary treatment method in the near future.
Hydrodynamically bound states of a pair of microrollers: A dynamical system insight

Recent work has identified persistent cluster states which were shown to be assembled and held together by hydrodynamic interactions alone [Driscoll \textit{et al.} (2017) Nature Physics, 13(4), 375]. These states were seen in systems of colloidal microrollers; microrollers are colloidal particles which rotate about an axis parallel to the floor and generate strong, slowly decaying, advective flows. To understand these bound states, we study a simple, yet rich, model system of two microrollers. Here we show that pairs of microrollers can exhibit hydrodynamic bound states whose nature depends on a dimensionless number, denoted $B$, that compares the relative strength of gravitational forces and external torques. Using a dynamical system framework, we characterize these various states in phase space and analyze the bifurcations of the system as $B$ varies. In particular, we show that there is a critical value, $B^*$, above which active flows can beat gravity and lead to stable motile orbiting, or "leapfrog", trajectories, reminiscent of the self-assembled motile structures, called "critters", observed by Driscoll \textit{et al}. We identify the conditions for the emergence of these trajectories and study their basin of attraction. This work shows that a wide variety of stable bound states can be obtained with only two particles. Our results aid in understanding the mechanisms that lead to spontaneous self-assembly in hydrodynamic systems, such as microroller suspensions, as well as how to optimize these systems for particle transport.
Endogenous Second Moments: A Unified Approach to Fluctuations in Risk, Dispersion, and Uncertainty

Many important statistics in macroeconomics and finance—such as cross-sectional dispersions, risk, volatility, or uncertainty—are second moments. In this paper, we explore a mechanism by which second moments naturally and endogenously fluctuate over time as nonlinear transformations of fundamentals. Specifically, we provide general results that characterize second moments of transformed random variables when the underlying fundamentals are subject to distributional shifts that affect their means, but not their variances. We illustrate the usefulness of our results with a series of applications to (1) the cyclicality of the cross-sectional dispersions of macroeconomic variables, (2) the dispersion of MRPKs, (3) security pricing, and (4) endogenous uncertainty in Bayesian inference problems.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study of the interaction of Supported Lipid Bilayers with Free Docosahexaenoic Acid

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid found in mammalian neuronal cell membranes. Although DHA is known to modify the physicochemical properties of plasma membranes, potentially influencing their function, little is known about how this interaction with phospholipid bilayers happens. This study presents a detailed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of the interaction between free DHA with 1palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) supported lipid bilayer (SLB) and POPC mixed with anionic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS)-SLBs. Combination of EIS data with those of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring for the same SLB, made possible the predictions of changes in the dielectric constant (Δεm) of the different SLBs after treatment with different DHA concentrations. The POPC SLBs Δεm was estimated to increase with increasing DHA concentration. However, the response of POPC-PI and POPC-PS SLBs showed a completely different response after the addition of DHA, suggesting the presence of a substitution/exchange process occurring after the DHA addition. Furthermore, the Δεm of PS-containing SLBs formed in the presence of Ca2+ was also studied, and the results compared to those obtained with PS-containing SLBs formed in the absence of Ca2+. The results indicated that the incorporation of DHA in the POPC-PS SLBs is function of the concentration of PS and presence of calcium ions in the mentioned SLB.
GENERALIZED LAPLACE INFERENCE IN MULTIPLE CHANGE-POINTS MODELS

Under the classical long-span asymptotic framework, we develop a class of generalized laplace (GL) inference methods for the change-point dates in a linear time series regression model with multiple structural changes analyzed in, e.g., Bai and Perron (1998, Econometrica 66, 47–78). The GL estimator is defined by an integration rather than optimization-based method and relies on the LS criterion function. It is interpreted as a classical (non-Bayesian) estimator, and the inference methods proposed retain a frequentist interpretation. This approach provides a better approximation about the uncertainty in the data of the change-points relative to existing methods. On the theoretical side, depending on some input (smoothing) parameter, the class of GL estimators exhibits a dual limiting distribution, namely the classical shrinkage asymptotic distribution or a Bayes-type asymptotic distribution. We propose an inference method based on highest density regions using the latter distribution. We show that it has attractive theoretical properties not shared by the other popular alternatives, i.e., it is bet-proof. Simulations confirm that these theoretical properties translate to good finite-sample performance.
Fatal road traffic accidents, study of distribution, nature and type of injury

During one year study period medico legal autopsies were conducted on 950 cases of fatal road traffic accidents at the mortuary of SRN Hospital, MLN Medical College, Allahabad. M/F ratio 3:1. 33.68% of cases were in the age group of 25-44 years. Pedestrians were most vulnerable accounting for 35.79% of total fatalities followed by motorized two wheelers 30.53%. Heavy Vehicles were found to be mostly involved 58.52% of cases and most accidents 83.05% occurred on highways. Majority of cases sustained multiple injuries. Primary impact injuries were recorded in 455 cases and pedestrians 36.26% were mostly affected followed by pedal cyclists 20.88%. 505 cases sustained secondary impact injuries and pedestrians and motor cyclists were primarily involved. Of 697 secondary injuries, 29.99% were sustained by motorcyclists followed by pediastrians 22.67%. Mostly lower extremities 27.39% and pelvis 25.99% received the primary impacts; the head and neck 55.62% the secondary impacts, while secondary injuries were mostly located in the lower extremities 28.38%. Largest number of injuries were recorded in lower extremities 804 number, followed by head & neck 748 number. Vehicle occupants mostly sustained thoracic injuries. In majority of cases, the site of initial impact of the responsible vehicle was frontal (45.14%) followed by rear (25.83%) and side (7.01%). In 179 cases (22.02%) site of responsible vehicle were not known.
A superposed epoch analysis of auroral evolution during substorm growth, onset, and recovery

(1) University of Leicester, Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, United Kingdom (steve.milan@ion.le.ac.uk), (2) Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, United Kingdom, (3) Heliospherics Division, NASA GSFC, USA, (4) British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (5) Laboratory of Planetary and Atmospheric Physics, University of Liege, Belgium
STAR FORMATION RATES FROM [C ii] 158 μm AND MID-INFRARED EMISSION LINES FOR STARBURSTS AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

A summary is presented for 130 galaxies observed with the Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer instrument to measure fluxes for the [C ii] 158 μm emission line. Sources cover a wide range of active galactic nucleus to starburst classifications, as derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon strength measured with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. Redshifts from [C ii] and line to continuum strengths (equivalent width (EW) of [C ii]) are given for the full sample, which includes 18 new [C ii] flux measures. Calibration of L([C ii)]) as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator is determined by comparing [C ii] luminosities with mid-infrared [Ne ii] and [Ne iii] emission line luminosities; this gives the same result as determining SFR using bolometric luminosities of reradiating dust from starbursts: log SFR = log L([C ii)]) − 7.0, for SFR in M☉ yr−1 and L([C ii]) in L☉. We conclude that L([C ii]) can be used to measure SFR in any source to a precision of ∼50%, even if total source luminosities are dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) component. The line to continuum ratio at 158 μm, EW([C ii]), is not significantly greater for starbursts (median EW([C ii]) = 1.0 μm) compared to composites and AGNs (median EW([C ii]) = 0.7 μm), showing that the far-infrared continuum at 158 μm scales with [C ii] regardless of classification. This indicates that the continuum at 158 μm also arises primarily from the starburst component within any source, giving log SFR = log νLν(158 μm) − 42.8 for SFR in M☉ yr−1 and νLν(158 μm) in erg s−1.
On the computation of motion from sequences of images-A review

Recent developments are reviewed in the computation of motion and structure of objects in a scene from a sequence of images. Two distinct paradigms are highlighted: (i) the feature-based approach and (ii) the optical-flow-based approach. The comparative merits/demerits of these approaches are discussed. The current status of research in these areas is reviewed and future research directions are indicated. >
Line profile and continuum variability in the very broad-line Seyfert galaxy Mrk 926

Aims. We present results of an intensive spectroscopic variabili ty campaign of the very broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 926. Our aim is to investigate the broad-line region (BLR) by studying the intensity and line profile variations of this galaxy on shor t timescales. Methods. High signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra were taken with the 9.2m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) in identical conditions during two observing campaigns in 2004 and 2005. After the spectral reduction and internal calibration we achieved a rel ative flux accuracy of better than 1%. Results. The rms profiles of the very broad Balmer lines have shapes tha t differ from their mean line profiles, consisting of two inner (v.± 6 000 km s −1 ) and two outer (v&± 6 000 km s −1 ) line components in addition to a central component (v.± 600 km s −1 ). These outer and inner line segments varied with different amplitudes during our campaign. The radius of the BLR is very small with an upper limit of 2 light-days for the Hβ BLR size. We derived an upper limit to the central black hole mass of M = 11.2× 10 7 M⊙. The 2-D cross-correlation functions CCF(τ,v) of Hβ and Hα are flat within the error limits. The response of the Balmer li ne segments with respect to continuum variations is different in the outer and inner wings of Hα and Hβ. This double structure in the response curves - of two separate inner and outer components - has also been seen in the rms line profiles. We conclude that the outer a nd inner line segments originate in different regions and/or under different physical conditions.
An Evaluation of Topic Modelling Techniques for Twitter

In this paper, we complete an evaluation of various topic modelling algorithms, and examine their performance when working with Twitter tweets. LDA [1] is an algorithm that is often used when modelling topics within text, and it has been proven to be affective; however, LDA may not necessarily perform well when working with documents that are short in length [2, 3, 4]. We compare LDA to three models which offer potential improvements over the downfalls of LDA when modelling tweets. This includes a variation of LDA, referred to as LDA-U, which aggregates data on a user-basis in an effort to improve the standard LDA model’s performance[3]. We also evaluate two other models specifically designed to work with short text: the ”biterm topic model” (BTM), and a ”word2vec Gaussian mixture model”, which models topics as a distribution over words in semantic space [4].
An Interpretable Model with Globally Consistent Explanations for Credit Risk

We propose a possible solution to a public challenge posed by the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO), which is to provide an explainable model for credit risk assessment. Rather than present a black box model and explain it afterwards, we provide a globally interpretable model that is as accurate as other neural networks. Our "two-layer additive risk model" is decomposable into subscales, where each node in the second layer represents a meaningful subscale, and all of the nonlinearities are transparent. We provide three types of explanations that are simpler than, but consistent with, the global model. One of these explanation methods involves solving a minimum set cover problem to find high-support globally-consistent explanations. We present a new online visualization tool to allow users to explore the global model and its explanations.
New measurement of the Boltzmann constant k by acoustic thermometry of helium-4 gas

The SI unit of temperature will soon be redefined in terms of a fixed value of the Boltzmann constant k derived from an ensemble of measurements worldwide. We report on a new determination of k using acoustic thermometry of helium-4 gas in a 3 l volume quasi-spherical resonator. The method is based on the accurate determination of acoustic and microwave resonances to measure the speed of sound at different pressures. We find for the universal gas constant R = 8.314 4614(50) J·mol−1·K−1. Using the current best available value of the Avogadro constant, we obtain k = 1.380 648 78(83) × 10−23 J·K−1 with u(k)/k = 0.60 × 10−6, where the uncertainty u is one standard uncertainty corresponding to a 68% confidence level. This value is consistent with our previous determinations and with that of the 2014 CODATA adjustment of the fundamental constants (Mohr et al 2016 Rev. Mod. Phys. 88 035009), within the standard uncertainties. We combined the present values of k and u(k) with earlier values that were measured at LNE. Assuming the maximum possible correlations between the measurements, (kpresent/〈k〉 − 1) = 0.07 × 10−6 and the combined ur(k) is reduced to 0.56 × 10−6. Assuming minimum correlations, (kpresent/〈k〉 − 1) = 0.10 × 10−6 and the combined ur(k) is reduced to 0.48 × 10−6.
Interpretation of stem CO 2 efflux measurements

It is known that stem CO2 efflux differs somewhat both temporally and spatially from actual stem respiration, but relations between these two are not fully understood. A physical model of CO2 diffusion and advection by xylem sap flow is developed to interpret the CO2 flux signal from the stem. Model predictions are compared against measured CO2 efflux data from a fieldgrown 16-m Pinus sylvestris L. tree. The ratio of CO2 efflux to CO2 production is predicted to be much larger in the upper part of the tree than in the lower part as the xylem sap carries the respired CO2 upwards. The model also predicts the temperature dependency of real respiration to be higher than that of the CO2 efflux due to the slowness of diffusion. The relation between stem respiration and CO2 efflux depends strongly on the sap flow rate, radial diffusion resistance and stem geometry and size. The model may be used to scale individual CO2 efflux measurements to evaluate the respiration rate of whole trees and forests.
Correlation, Consumption, Confusion, or Constraints: Why Do Poor Children Perform so Poorly?

The economic and social mobility of a generation may be largely determined by the time it enters school given early developing and persistent gaps in child achievement by family income and the importance of adolescent skill levels for educational attainment and lifetime earnings. After providing new evidence of important differences in early child investments by family income, we study four leading mechanisms thought to explain these gaps: an intergenerational correlation in ability, a consumption value of investment, information frictions, and credit constraints. In order to better determine which of these mechanisms influence family investments in children, we evaluate the extent to which these mechanisms also explain other important stylized facts related to the marginal returns on investments and the effects of parental income on child investments and skills.