Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New-onset hyperglycemia in nondiabetic chinese patients started on peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND Glucose has been used as the osmotic agent added to standard peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions since its inception. Patients who have no history of glucose intolerance may develop hyperglycemia after the initiation of PD therapy. However, the prevalence and long-term implications of new-onset hyperglycemia in PD patients has not been studied. METHODS We studied 405 consecutive patients with renal failure newly started on PD therapy. Fasting plasma glucose levels 1 month after being stable on PD therapy were reviewed. Clinical factors affecting fasting plasma glucose levels were explored. Patients were followed up for 49.7 +/- 28.4 months. RESULTS Of 405 patients, 136 had underlying diabetic nephropathy and another 17 had preexisting diabetes before starting PD therapy. Of the remaining 252 patients, fasting plasma glucose levels were greater than 200 mg/dL (>11.1 mmol/L) in 21 (8.3%) and 126 to 200 mg/dL (7.0 to 11.1 mmol/L) in 48 patients (19.0%). Seven patients required insulin therapy, 3 required low-dose sulfonylurea therapy, and all other patients had glucose levels controlled by means of dietary restriction only. Fasting plasma glucose levels significantly correlated with patient age (Pearson r = 0.278; P < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity score (r = 0.484; P < 0.001), baseline serum C-reactive protein level (r = 0.390; P < 0.001), and serum albumin level (r = -0.182; P < 0.001). However, patients with new-onset hyperglycemia had similar values for body weight, body mass index, peritoneal transport parameters, and ultrafiltration profile compared with other patients. At 36 months, actuarial survival rates were 93.7%, 85.3%, 81.6%, and 66.7% for patients with fasting glucose levels less than 100, 100 to less than 126, 126 to less than 200, and 200 mg/dL or greater (5.6, 5.6 to <7.0, 7.0 to <11.1, and >or=11.1 mmol/L) and 65.9% for patients with preexisting diabetes, respectively (overall log rank test, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION New-onset hyperglycemia is common in patients without diabetes started on PD therapy. Contrary to common belief, obese patients do not appear to have a greater risk of hyperglycemia. Our results suggest that even mild hyperglycemia, with fasting plasma glucose level greater than 100 mg/dL (>5.6 mmol/L), is associated with worse survival in PD patients.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES AND ADOLESCENT'S IDENTITY AND AGGRESSION

Background and Purpose: family is the prime environment in which a child is developed. It is brilliantly effective on the subsequent behavior of the person. Type of incentives, punishment and prevision, indifference and behavior at the first stage of one's life leaves consequences to the next stages. Therefore, the general purpose of the research is to study the relationship between parenting styles and identity and aggression in male and female teenagers at high schools in Khodabandeh Town. Method: research method is descriptive-correlational. Baumerind's questionnaire of parenting types, Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ) and Adams & Benton's identity measuring questionnaires (OMEIS) (Objective Measure of ego-identity Status) were used in the research. Adolescents aged 14 to 18 along with their parents in Khodabandeh Town were selected as the statistical population. 200 people (100 male and 100 female) were randomly selected as samples. Findings: the results indicated that the relationship between parenting style and aggression is not significant. With regard to the relationship between parenting style and identity formation, democratic parenting has relationship with the formation of premature identity subscale, diffusion and advanced. Authoritarian style has relationship with all identity subscales and permissive style has relationship with the formation of identity diffusion, premature identity. Conclusion: parent’s beliefs, attitudes and conducts which are appeared as family patterns or child rearing styles, is a significant factor in identity development.
Cryotherapy in early superficial bronchogenic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Treatment of early superficial bronchogenic carcinoma (ESBC) is under debate, and no consensus has been achieved. Different therapeutic methods have been proposed, including surgical resection and endoscopic methods. STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of cryotherapy in patients with ESBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients included in the study had histologically proven ESBC after fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Cryotherapy was performed through a rigid bronchoscope. Efficacy was assessed by endoscopy with multiple biopsies 1 month after treatment and during the follow-up period. Parameters studied were response to treatment, adverse effects, and survival. RESULTS We included 35 patients (34 men and 1 woman). The mean age was 61 +/- 9 years. Multiple locations of ESBC were observed in seven patients (20%). Complete response rate at both 1 month and 1 year was 91% (32 patients). No severe adverse effects were noted. Local recurrence was observed within 4 years in 10 patients (28%). A follow-up period of at least 4 years was available in 22 patients; of them, 11 patients (50%) were long-term survivors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cryotherapy is an effective method of treatment in patients with ESBC. Due to its relative tolerance compared to surgery, cryotherapy could be proposed as a first-line therapy in this population with high carcinogenic risk.
Using insights about key factors impacting ‘quality of life’ to inform effective on-farm conservation programs: a case study in Northern Australia

ABSTRACT Conservation of biodiversity is an ongoing challenge. Governments face many constraints when pursuing conservation, one of the most pervasive being limited budgets for buying land for conservation. To achieve conservation goals, an alternative to acquisition is on-farm conservation. Research suggests that the success of on-farm conservation programs depends primarily on land managers’ behaviour. In the past, one of the tools used for on-farm conservation has been financial incentives but these may be ineffective if they do not align with the intrinsic motivations of land managers. Our paper seeks to learn more about the intrinsic motivations of land managers by learning more about what contributes to their overall quality of life (life satisfaction). We hypothesize that by understanding the drivers of land manager’s subjective assessments of their own life satisfaction we will be able to shed light on the types of incentives that could help promote on-farm conservation. Our analysis highlights that good relationships are the most important contributor to land managers’ life satisfaction. We conclude that programs which help maintain good social networks whilst encouraging on-farm conservation are likely to align with intrinsic motivations of land managers and might therefore be more successful in making genuine additional contributions to biodiversity than programs providing only financial incentives.
Comparative Analysis of National and International Approaches and Acuities of Child Labour Within UK, USA, India and Pakistan

The work was an attempt to comparatively analyzed a national and international approaches and acuities of child labour within UK, USA, India and Pakistan because legislative authority or legislation helps to a significant range and fundamental raison prevent is convicted for the child labour problem. It was a qualitative study and through thematic analysis and purposive sampling technique, child labour was elaborated in this study. It was found in this study that the member states of the International Labour Organization signed International Child Labour Treaty on 16th June 1999 in Geneva and the United States Senate also ratified Child Labour Treaty and it came into force on 19th November 2000. In India, The New Deal programs focus on regulation that consists of child labour standards, maximum working hours, fair wages, etc. And in United Kingdom for the protection of children, ensuring them the basic rights in large number of laws and in dangerous labour prohibits the use and exploitation of children, while in Pakistan, after the 18th Amendment it has become the responsibility of Provincial Government that is empowered to make the legislation and executive jurisdiction over the matter of labour.
Injuries due to firearms in three cities.

BACKGROUND To describe the incidence and outcome of injuries due to firearms, we conducted a population-based study of fatal and nonfatal gunshot wounds in three cities: Memphis, Tennessee; Seattle; and Galveston, Texas. METHODS Records of the police, medical examiners, ambulance crews, and hospital emergency departments and hospital admissions were monitored to identify all injuries caused by firearms that were severe enough to prompt emergency medical treatment. These records were linked to generate a complete picture of each event. Census data were used to calculate rates of injury for various population groups. RESULTS A total of 1915 cases of injury due to firearms were identified between November 16, 1992, and May 15, 1994. The crude rate of firearm injury per 100,000 person-years was 222.6 in Memphis, 143.6 in Galveston, and 54.1 in Seattle. Approximately 88 percent of the injuries were incurred during confirmed or probable assaults; 7 percent were sustained in the course of suicide or attempted suicide; unintentional injuries accounted for 4 percent of the cases. Handguns were used in 88 percent of the cases in which the type of weapon was recorded. Five percent of the 1677 victims who were brought to a hospital emergency department could not be resuscitated; 53 percent were hospitalized, and 42 percent were treated and released. Ninety-seven percent of the deaths occurred within 24 hours of the injury. Emergency department and inpatient charges exceeded $16.5 million. CONCLUSIONS Injuries due to firearms, most involving handguns, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in U.S. urban areas. The incidence varies greatly from city to city.
Third Generation Disadvantage among Mexican Americans

Among Mexican Americans, generational differences in education do not fit with assimilation theory’s predictions of significant improvement from the second to third generation; instead, education for third generation remains similar to the second generation and falls behind that of non-Hispanic whites. Scholars have not examined this educational gap for recent cohorts, nor have they considered a wide range of economic outcomes by generation. Using a nationally representative sample of young adults from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey, we examine various educational and economic outcomes among second- and third-generation Mexican Americans and compare it to whites and blacks. We find that third-generation Mexican Americans have similar outcomes to the second generation and lower education and economic levels than whites and blacks, even when controlling for key factors. Our findings reveal limitations to assimilation theory and suggest that the persistent low status of third-generation Mexican Americans may be largely due to their racialization. These findings coupled with prior research on Mexican Americans point to a consistent pattern of third generation disadvantage, which stands in contrast to second generation advantage.
Mild hyperthermia enhances human monocyte-derived dendritic cell functions and offers potential for applications in vaccination strategies

Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Nevertheless, only a low overall clinical response rate has been observed in vaccinated patients with advanced cancer and therefore methods to improve DC immuno-stimulatory functions are currently under intense investigation. In this respect, we exposed human monocyte-derived DCs to a physiological temperature stress of 40°C for up to 24 h followed by analysis for (i) expression of different heat shock proteins, (ii) survival, (iii) cell surface maturation markers, (iv) cytokine secretion, and (v) migratory capacity. Furthermore, we examined the ability of heat-shocked DCs to prime naïve CD8+ T cells after loading with MelanA peptide, by transfection with MelanA RNA, or by transduction with MelanA by an adenovirus vector. The results clearly indicate that in comparison to control DCs, which remained at 37°C, heat-treated cells revealed no differences concerning the survival rate or their migratory capacity. However, DCs exposed to thermal stress showed a time-dependent enhanced expression of the immune-chaperone heat shock protein 70A and both an up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, and CD86 and of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, these cells had a markedly improved capacity to prime autologous naïve CD8+ T cells in vitro in an antigen-specific manner, independent of the method of antigen-loading. Thus, our strategy of heat treatment of DCs offers a promising means to improve DC functions during immune activation which, as a physical method, facilitates straight-forward applications in clinical DC vaccination protocols.
Testing for resistive shorts in FPGA interconnects

The behavior of resistive short defects in FPGA interconnects was investigated through simulation and theoretical analysis. These defects cause timing failures and even Boolean faults for small defect resistance values. For large defect resistance values, the best defect situations happen when the path under test makes a v-to-v transition and another path causing short faults remains at value v. Under the best test situations, the effects of supply voltage, temperature and extra loads on test results were evaluated. Lower voltage and lower temperature can improve detectability, but the adding branch technique is not suitable for short defect testing.
Activated Polyamine Catabolism Depletes Acetyl-CoA Pools and Suppresses Prostate Tumor Growth in TRAMP Mice*

The enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) regulates the catabolism and export of intracellular polyamines. We have previously shown that activation of polyamine catabolism by conditional overexpression of SSAT has antiproliferative consequences in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. Growth inhibition was causally linked to high metabolic flux arising from a compensatory increase in polyamine biosynthesis. Here we examined the in vivo consequences of SSAT overexpression in a mouse model genetically predisposed to develop prostate cancer. TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) female C57BL/6 mice carrying the SV40 early genes (T/t antigens) under an androgen-driven probasin promoter were cross-bred with male C57BL/6 transgenic mice that systemically overexpress SSAT. At 30 weeks of age, the average genitourinary tract weights of TRAMP mice were ∼4 times greater than those of TRAMP/SSAT bigenic mice, and by 36 weeks, they were ∼12 times greater indicating sustained suppression of tumor outgrowth. Tumor progression was also affected as indicated by a reduction in the prostate histopathological scores. By immunohistochemistry, SV40 large T antigen expression in the prostate epithelium was the same in TRAMP and TRAMP/SSAT mice. Consistent with the 18-fold increase in SSAT activity in the TRAMP/SSAT bigenic mice, prostatic N1-acetylspermidine and putrescine pools were remarkably increased relative to TRAMP mice, while spermidine and spermine pools were minimally decreased due to a compensatory 5-7-fold increase in biosynthetic enzymes activities. The latter led to heightened metabolic flux through the polyamine pathway and an associated ∼70% reduction in the SSAT cofactor acetyl-CoA and a ∼40% reduction in the polyamine aminopropyl donor S-adenosylmethionine in TRAMP/SSAT compared with TRAMP prostatic tissue. In addition to elucidating the antiproliferative and metabolic consequences of SSAT overexpression in a prostate cancer model, these findings provide genetic support for the discovery and development of specific small molecule inducers of SSAT as a novel therapeutic strategy targeting prostate cancer.
Anangu Muru Wunka - Talking Black Fella: a critical policy analysis of the Northern Territory compulsory teaching in English for the first four hours of each school day

This research investigated the effects on two remote Indigenous communities of a Northern Territory (NT) of Australia education language policy, Compulsory Teaching in English for the First Four Hours of each School Day (FFHP). Although the policy was introduced in 2008, it continues to have profound effects on the policy landscape of the NT which has never reestablished the bilingual policy platform. The investigation involved a critical analysis of the FFHP and an ethnographic study of its effects. The research reported here follows two qualitative lines of study – the policy text (the process and content of the policy) and policy discourse (the discourse around the policy) in addition to its effects on those it was targeting. The data gathering methods entailed collecting key texts from critical moments of the FFHP implementation the policy itself and operational guidelines in addition to media texts and a Hansard record. The field data collection comprised interviews with both Indigenous and nonIndigenous language education experts, two community case studies (one of which retained its bilingual program at the school and one which did not as a result of the FFHP) and critical ethnographical research. The latter used purposively selected adult and child participants for group and individual interviews (a total of 53). Given the Indigenous context of the field research and the desire to accurately depict remote Indigenous perspectives, Indigenous methodologies and participatory research approaches were employed. This entailed culturally appropriate consultation with participants, checking the accuracy and interpretation of interview data and Indigenous led participant selection. The analysis of the policy and key community interviews was achieved with critical discourse analysis (CDA). The particular approach to CDA employed was that developed by Reisigl and Wodak (2001) called Historical Discourse Approach (HDA) which emphasises the historical situatedness of discourse and the political dimensions and contexts at work in political texts. CDA is also frequently paired with ethnographic data collection. All community interviews were subjected to content analysis (CA) in order to deduce the major patterns and themes that arose in relation to the effects of the FFHP.
Epidemiologic characteristics of catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses.

OBJECTIVE To determine characteristics, incidence rate, and possible associations with selected demographic characteristics of catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (CMIs) in Thoroughbred racehorses. ANIMALS 76 Thoroughbreds with CMIs. PROCEDURES Incidence rates of CMIs during racing or training were calculated with number of CMIs as the numerator and overall numbers of races or training events during 2004 and 2005 as the denominators. Exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Associations between incidence and dichotomous exposure factors, nominal factors, and ordinal factors were determined. Only univariable associations were examined. RESULTS 76 horses were euthanized because of CMI and represented 2.36 and 1.69 deaths/1,000 racing starts in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Of these, 57 were euthanized within 60 days before or after a race, which yielded a point incidence of 1.05/1,000 racing starts and 0.39/1,000 training starts. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Incidence rate of CMIs at 2 Ontario racetracks was similar to that at other North American racetracks. A cumulative death rate of 1 to 2 deaths/wk should be considered typical when designing prevention strategies and offers a baseline value for measuring improvement.
Efficient simulations of 6σ VT distributions due to Random Discrete Dopants

Previously published 3D simulations of 105 statistical samples have shown distinct asymmetry in Random Discrete Dopant induced threshold voltage variations in Bulk MOSFETs. Based on detailed statistical analysis of the underlying physical processes that shape such distributions we present a robust method, capable of accurately predicting random discrete dopant induced threshold voltage variation out to 6–7σ from the mean. This methodology can be used to dramatically reduce the computational cost associated with accurately determining the effect of Random Dopant distribution on threshold voltage in bulk MOSFETs.
The Effect of Imuran on Implantation and Early Embryonic Development in Rats

Pregnant rats were injected daily with 2, 4, or 20 mg/kg of Imuran from the first day of gestation until sacrificed on Days 6-12. Gravid uteri, as well as maternal organs, were removed and examined histologically. According to the histologic findings, the treatment with the high dose of 20 mg/kg/day Imuran induced injuries to the blastocyst. Starting from Day 8, the trophoblastic layer lost its continuity and maternal blood invaded into the blastocystic cavity resulting in destruction of embryonic tissues. This degeneration progressed until evident resorption on Day 12. Smaller doses, such as 2 or 4 mg/kg of Imuran, did not result in early trophoblastic damage. The effect seemed to be the result of the antimetabolic effect of Imuran acting on the proliferating trophoblast through the maternal blood.
Progenitor Cells from the Porcine Neural Retina Express Photoreceptor Markers After Transplantation to the Subretinal Space of Allorecipients

Work in rodents has shown that cultured retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) integrate into the degenerating retina, thus suggesting a potential strategy for treatment of similar degenerative conditions in humans. To demonstrate the relevance of the rodent work to large animals, we derived progenitor cells from the neural retina of the domestic pig and transplanted them to the laser‐injured retina of allorecipients. Prior to grafting, immunocytochemical analysis showed that cultured porcine RPCs widely expressed neural cell adhesion molecule, as well as markers consistent with immature neural cells, including nestin, Sox2, and vimentin. Subpopulations expressed the neurodevelopmental markers CD‐15, doublecortin, β‐III tubulin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Retina‐specific markers expressed included the bipolar marker protein kinase Cα and the photoreceptor‐associated markers recoverin and rhodopsin. In addition, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction showed expression of the transcription factors Dach1, Hes1, Lhx2, Pax6, Six3, and Six6. Progenitor cells prelabeled with vital dyes survived as allografts in the subretinal space for up to 5 weeks (11 of 12 recipients) without exogenous immune suppression. Grafted cells expressed transducin, recoverin, and rhodopsin in the pig subretinal space, suggestive of differentiation into photoreceptors or, in a few cases, migrated into the neural retina and extended processes, the latter typically showing radial orientation. These results demonstrate that many of the findings seen with rodent RPCs can be duplicated in a large mammal. The pig offers a number of advantages over mice and rats, particularly in terms of functional testing and evaluation of the potential for clinical translation to human subjects.
Genetic algorithm applied in a geoelectrical prospecting method

This work presents an optimization methodology using a Genetic Algorithm, to obtain the parameters of a soil that can be represented in a multi layer structure. The method uses a curve of experimental apparent resistivity obtained from measurements made in the soil. This experimental curve is compared with another curve of theoretical apparent resistivity of the soil, produced by the genetic algorithm. The main difference of this method regarding the already developed methods, is just that, besides optimizing the resistivities ρi and the thicknesses hi of each layer, the proposed method also optimizes the layers N quantity, seeking the best soil stratification. The obtained results of this work are compared with others soil stratification methods.