Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terrain Selection by Reindeer in Late Winter in Central Norway

Characteristics of topography, snow, lichen cover, and lichen distribution were compared with habitat use by Snohetta reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) in central Norway to investigate the role of terrain structure for habitat use within different lichen heath communities. In late winter, density of groups of feeding craters was correlated to indices of terrain ruggedness (TRI) measured at a mesoscale (10-20 m relief), but not to terrain ruggedness measured at a macroscale (30-110 m relief). The use of lichen heaths in rugged terrain (TRI>2.0) was higher than that expected from availability. In rugged terrain, 60-80% of the lichen heaths had less than 40 cm of snow, compared to only 10-30% of the lichen heaths in less rugged areas (TRI<2.0). Rugged terrain types accounted for only 23% of the lichen heath in the study area, and less than 9% of the total area. Available habitat was thus considerably less than that suggested by overall availability of alpine lichen heath. In late winter, ram-hardness of snow exceeded 40 kg, and reindeer cratered mainly where snow was less than 20 cm deep. Reindeer selected narrow (15-25 m broad) and sparsely vegetated ridges with high microtopographic diversity beyond that suggested from availability. Other ridge types with lichen heath were used less than expected from availability. Terrain ruggedness indices may have the potential for estimating the proportion of lichen heath communities that are available in late winter when snow conditions limit availability of forage. Key words: forage, reindeer, snow, terrain, winter
Foreign Portfolio Capital Flows and Stock Returns: A Study of Brazilian Listed Firms

This study analyzed the effect of foreign portfolio capital flows on stock returns of Brazilian listed firms through a 6-factors APT model, in which an additional risk factor for foreign portfolio capital flows was included. First, in an aggregate analysis, the partial effect of foreign portfolio capital flows on the IBOVESPA index’s returns was statistically significant and positive. Next, in a disaggregate analysis, in which portfolios of stocks were sorted by sector of economic activity, level of risk and level of corporate governance, foreign portfolio capitals caused increases in returns especially for sectors related to commodities, industry and cyclical consumption. For the portfolios sorted by risk (in which the stocks’ betas were used as a risk parameter for sorting), foreign capitals increased the returns of mid-high and high beta portfolios, but decreased the returns of low and low-mid beta portfolios. For corporate governance portfolios, the firms listed on the Novo Mercado segment (according to BMF&Bovespa criteria) experienced a statistically significant revaluation effect. Overall, the results of the study provide support to the revaluation effect hypothesis.
Linking research and practice through teacher communities: a place where formal and practical knowledge meet?

This study characterises the links between research and practice across 12 projects concerned with the collaborative design of lesson plans by teacher communities (TCs). Analyses focused on sources of knowledge used to inform lesson design, participants’ roles and knowledge generated by the teacher community. Three patterns emerged pertaining to the sources of knowledge informing lesson plans: design guided by formal and practical knowledge, by classroom-data and practical knowledge or by a combination of all three. Findings further suggest that the emphasis given to the use of formal knowledge over classroom-data or vice versa restrains the full accomplishment of research and practice links. Across the projects studied, university researchers contributed to linking research and practice by directly or indirectly supporting community activities. Surprisingly, the role of teachers in the generation and dissemination of formal knowledge was limited. Further research should explore the effects of collaboration within TCs on researchers and policy-makers.
The Paradoxical Effects of Digital Artifacts on Innovation Practices

Digital artifacts are increasingly used for supporting innovation practices, implying a growing need to better understand their role in different contexts. In this paper, we study how digital artifacts enable and constrain innovation practices by means of an in-depth, multi-year qualitative field study at a software firm. Analyzing the usage of PowerPoint, as a dominant digital innovation artifact, we identify three paradoxes – conflicting yet interdependent tensions of digital artifacts in innovation practices: 1) Freedom and Captivity , 2) Clarity and Ambiguity , and 3) Scarcity and Abundance . Via a dialectic synthesis of the three paradoxes and an extension to modeling tools, we develop a substantive theory of the paradoxical effects of digital artifacts on innovation practices. We discuss theoretical implications for research on affordances and outline a path for research on IT paradoxes. We also offer practical implications by illustrating the paradoxical effects of using digital innovation artifacts and suggesting appropriate coping strategies.
Moral Transformation

Moral transformation is the hypothesis that doing good or evil increases agency—the capacity for self-control, tenacity, and personal strength. Three experiments provide support for this hypothesis, finding that those who do good or evil become physically more powerful. In Experiment 1, people hold a 5 lb. weight longer after donating to charity. In Experiment 2, people hold a weight longer when writing about themselves helping or harming another. In Experiment 3, people hold a hand grip longer after donating to charity. The transformative power of good and evil is not accounted for by affect. Moral transformation is explained as the embodiment of moral typecasting, the tendency to “typecast” good- and evildoers as more capable of agency and less sensitive to experience. Implications for power, aging, self-control, and recovery are discussed.
Global solvability on two-step compact nilmanifolds

We apply the methods of representation theory of nilpotent Lie groups to study the convergence of Fourier series of smooth global solutions to first order invariant partial differential equations Df = g in C? of a two-step compact nilmanifold. We show that, under algebraically well-defined conditions on D in the complexified Lie algebra, smooth infinite-dimensional irreducible solutions, when they exist, satisfy estimates strong enough to guarantee uniform convergence of the irreducible (or primary) Fourier series to a smooth global solution. Such strong estimates are not possible on multidimensional tori.
Syntactic Effects of Inflectional Morphology and Competing Grammars

It is a long-standing observation that cross-linguistic syntactic variation sometimes seems to correlate with variation in the inflectional morphology. An attractive consequence of this observation is that it may provide the basis for genuine explanations of certain aspects of syntactic variation and thereby replace accounts in which the variation is simply due to random differences in parameter settings. However, in many instances in which such a relation between the syntax and morphology has been postulated, occasional counterexamples to the generalization can be found and they shed doubts on its validity. In this paper, it is argued that, once we consider such counterexamples not just from a synchronic but also from a diachronic perspective, we are not necessarily forced to abandon the basic intuition behind the generalization. Taking data concerning the order of arguments ('free' vs. fixed) and the distribution of subjects and adjuncts in subject-verb inversion contexts as illustrations, it will be shown that apparently problematic cases can often be dealt with if we adopt a specific conception of how the syntax is related to inflectional morphology and of how grammars change.
Measurement of two- and four-particle correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at CMS

Results of two- and four-particle angular two-dimensional correlations in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, collected with the CMS detector, are presented. In high-multiplicity pPb events a ridge-like structure at the near-side emerges in two-particle delta eta - delta fi correlation. It is compared to the ridge found in 2.76 TeV PbPb collisions. In both systems, the ridge yield rises, reaches a maximum at approx. 1-3 GeV/c and then decreases at higher pt, and increases monotonically with multiplicity. The 2-nd order Fourier harmonic has qualitatively similar p Т dependence, but with a moderate multiplicity dependence in both systems. The multiplicity dependence of the 3-rd Fourier harmonic is rather similar for pPb and PbPb collisions. Color glass condensate and hydrodynamic predictions are compared to the experimental results.
ReviewNutrient overload , insulin resistance , and ribosomal protein S 6 kinase 1 , S 6 K 1

Nutrient overload leads to obesity, insulin resistance, and often type 2 diabetes. Whereas increased fat intake is commonly cited as the major factor in diet-induced dysmetabolic states, increased protein consumption also contributes, through elevated circulating amino acids. Recent studies have revealed that ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, S6K1, an effector of mTOR, is sensitive to both insulin and nutrients, including amino acids. Although S6K1 is an effector of growth, recent reports show that amino acids also negatively affect insulin signaling through mTOR/S6K1 phosphorylation of IRS1. Moreover, rather than signaling through the class 1 PI3K pathway, amino acids appear to mediate mTOR activation through class 3 PI3K, or hVps34. Consistent with this, infusion of amino acids into humans leads to S6K1 activation, inhibition of insulininduced class 1 PI3K activation, and insulin resistance. Thus, S6K1 may mediate deleterious effects, like insulin resistance, and potentially type 2 diabetes in the face of nutrient excess.
SLA 2 mutations cause SWE 1-mediated cell cycle phenotypes in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Correspondence Judith Berman jberman@umn.edu Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Thermal Degradation Kinetic of Polylactic Acid in Multiple Extrusions

espanolEste articulo presenta los resultados del estudio cinetico de la degradacion termica del poliacido lactico (PLA, por sus iniciales en ingles), sin procesar y reprocesado por extrusion. Las muestras reprocesadas se obtuvieron despues de cada uno de los cinco ciclos de extrusion y se analizaron para obtener la temperatura de transicion vitrea, el indice de fluidez, el poder calorifico superior y la termogravime-tria dinamica. Se determino el triplete cinetico usando los datos de termogravimetria dinamica por medio de los metodos Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Friedman, Gyulai, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Kissinger, Arrhenius Differential e Integral, Briodo, Chang, Coats-Redfern, Flynn-Wall, Horowitz-Metzger, MacCallum-Tanner, Madhusudanan y dinamico. Se encontro que la energia de activacion (E) disminuye con el reprocesamiento y que el factor de frecuencia (A) aumenta con la velocidad de calentamiento. Esto indica que el PLA experimenta degradacion termica al ser sometido a procesos continuos de extrusion. Tambien con metodos isoconversionales se obtuvo un triple-te cinetico promedio de E = 147,14 kJ/mol, ln(A) = 26,94 (con A en min-1 ), y orden de reaccion n = 0,86; el triplete promedio obtenido con metodos no isoconversionales es E=225,30 kJ/mol, ln(A)= 45,07, y n = 0,91. EnglishResults of a thermal degradation kinetic study of polylactic acid (PLA), raw and reprocessed by extrusion are shown. The reprocessed samples were obtained after each one of five successive extrusions. The samples were tested for glass transition temperature, melt flow index, higher heating value, and dynamic thermogravimetry. Kinetic triplet was determined from the dynamic thermogravimetry data by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Friedman, Gyulai, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Kissinger, Differential and Integral Arrhenius, Briodo, Chang, Coats-Redfern, Flynn Wall, Horowitz-Metzger, MacCallum-Tanner, Madhusudanan, and Dynamic methods. It was found that activation energy (E) increases with the reprocessing, and that frequency factor (A) increases with the heating rate. It indicates that PLA experiences thermal degradation when is processed by continuous extrusion. It was also found that the average kinetic triplet obtained by isoconversional methods is E=147.14 kJ/mol, ln(A)= 26.94 (with A in min-1), and reaction order n = 0.86, and the triplet averaged from non-isoconversional methods is E = 225.30 kJ/mol, ln(A)= 45.07, and n = 0.91.
TWEAK / Fn 14 pathway modulates properties of a human microvascular endothelial cell model of blood brain barrier

Background: The TNF ligand family member TWEAK exists as membrane and soluble forms and is involved in the regulation of various human inflammatory pathologies, through binding to its main receptor, Fn14. We have shown that the soluble form of TWEAK has a pro-neuroinflammatory effect in an animal model of multiple sclerosis and we further demonstrated that blocking TWEAK activity during the recruitment phase of immune cells across the blood brain barrier (BBB) was protective in this model. It is now well established that endothelial cells in the periphery and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are targets of TWEAK. Moreover, it has been shown by others that, when injected into mice brains, TWEAK disrupts the architecture of the BBB and induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the brain. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in such conditions are complex and remain to be explored, especially because there is a lack of data concerning the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in microvascular cerebral endothelial cells. Methods: In this study, we used human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (HCMEC) cultures as an in vitro model of the BBB to study the effects of soluble TWEAK on the properties and the integrity of the BBB model. Results: We showed that soluble TWEAK induces an inflammatory profile on HCMECs, especially by promoting secretion of cytokines, by modulating production and activation of MMP-9, and by expression of cell adhesion molecules. We also demonstrated that these effects of TWEAK are associated with increased permeability of the HCMEC monolayer in the in vitro BBB model. Conclusions: Taken together, the data suggest a role for soluble TWEAK in BBB inflammation and in the promotion of BBB interactions with immune cells. These results support the contention that the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway could contribute at least to the endothelial steps of neuroinflammation.
Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects of “Weberian” State Structures on Economic Growth

The role of bureaucratic authority structures in facilitating economic growth has been a sociological concern since Max Weber's classic contributions almost 100 years ago. Using a recent and original data set, we examine the characteristics of core state economic agencies and the growth records of a sample of 35 developing countries for the 1970–1990 period. Our “Weberianness Scale” offers a simple measure of the degree to which these agencies employ meritocratic recruitment and offer predictable, rewarding long-term careers. We find that these “Weberian” characteristics significantly enhance prospects for economic growth, even when we control for initial levels of GDP per capita and human capital. Our results imply that “Weberianness” should be included as a factor in general models of economic growth. They also suggest the need for more attention by policymakers to building better bureaucracies and more research by social scientists on variations in how state bureaucracies are organized.
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems A Flexible and Efficient Radiation Scheme for the ECMWFModel

This paper describes a new radiation scheme ecRad for use both in the model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and off-line for noncommercial research. Its modular structure allows the spectral resolution, the description of cloud and aerosol optical properties, and the solver, to be changed independently. The available solvers include the Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (McICA), Tripleclouds, and the Speedy Algorithm for Radiative Transfer through Cloud Sides (SPARTACUS), the latter which makes ECMWF the first global model capable of representing the 3-D radiative effects of clouds. The new implementation of the operational McICA solver produces less noise in atmospheric heating rates, and is 41% faster, which can yield indirect forecast skill improvements via calling the radiation scheme more frequently. We demonstrate how longwave scattering may be implemented for clouds but not aerosols, which is only 4% more computationally costly overall than neglecting longwave scattering and yields further modest forecast improvements. It is also shown how a sequence of radiation changes in the last few years has led to a substantial reduction in stratospheric temperature biases. Plain Language Summary Solar and thermal infrared radiation provide the energy that drives weather systems and ultimately controls the Earth’s climate. Accurately simulating these energy flows is therefore a crucial part of the computer models used for weather and climate prediction. This paper describes a flexible and efficient new software package, ecRad, for computing radiation exchange. It became operational in the forecast model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in July 2017, and is 41% computationally faster than the previous package. This offers the possibility to update the radiation fields in the model simulations more frequently for the same overall computational cost, which we show in turn can improve the skill of weather forecasts. A unique feature for a radiation package of this kind is the ability to simulate radiation flows through the sides of clouds, not just through the base and top, making it well suited as a tool for research into atmospheric radiation exchange.
A simple model for the RF field amplitude dependence of the trapped flux sensitivity in SRF cavities

The improvement of the performance of RF superconducting cavities has recently motivated a considerable research effort to elucidate the effect of trapped magnetic flux on the surface resistance s R . In this paper we show that by introducing a non-linear pinning force in the Gittleman-Rosenblum equations for the RF power dissipation due to a trapped magnetic flux in a superconductor, we can properly describe the linear dependence of the additional surface resistance fl R on the RF field amplitude rf B . We also show that the proportionality between the RF-field dependent and independent parts fl R and 0 fl R , and the frequency dependence of fl R follow naturally from this approach.
Do Expected Future Marginal Costs Drive Inflation Dynamics?

This article discusses a more general interpretation of the two-step minimum distance estimation procedure proposed in earlier work by Sbordone. The estimator is again applied to a version of the New Keynesian Phillips curve, in which inflation dynamics are driven by the expected evolution of marginal costs. The article clarifies econometric issues, addresses concerns about uncertainty and model misspecification raised in recent studies, and assesses the robustness of previous results. While confirming the importance of forward-looking terms in accounting for inflation dynamics, it suggests how the methodology can be applied to extend the analysis of inflation to a multivariate setting.
Development of the positive-negative asymmetry effect: In-group exclusion norm as a mediator of children’s evaluations on negative attributes

Two studies were conducted that go beyond previous research by examining when and why children might show intergroup bias in the attribution of positive, but not negative traits (PNAE: the positive–negative asymmetry effect, Mummendey & Otten, 1998, European review of social psychology, Vol. 9). In Study 1 (n = 107) children completed a ‘mixed’ trait attribution task in a dichotomous group context. As predicted there was a developmental trend between 7 and 12 years of age in the PNAE. The 7-year olds were the only age group not to show the effect. Study 1 also found a quadratic developmental trend in children's national intergroup bias. Study 2 (n = 62) replicated the developmental path of the PNAE found in Study 1 using a wider age range of 6–16 years. This study used a ‘mixed’ list of traits which were not only antonyms and a procedure that made the positive and negative trait dimensions explicitly independent. Significantly, Study 2 found in-group exclusion norm partially mediated the development of the PNAE. These findings support an account of the positive–negative asymmetry effect based upon normative processes.
What constitutes situational interest? Validating a construct in physical education.

Situational interest has been theoretically articulated as a multidimensional construct that derives from person-activity interaction. This 4-stage study empirically examined the multidimensionality of situational interest in physical education, using an iterative, multisample design. Middle school students (N = 674) were asked to view jogging and gymnastic stunts on video (in Stages 1,2, and 3) and participate in basketball chest-pass and pass-shoot activities (in Stage 4). Immediately following each activity, situational interest of the activity was assessed by having the students respond to an instrument developed to measure the 7 dimensions of situational interest. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to examine the dimensionality of situational interest. The analyses revealed 5 dimensions of situational interest: Novelty, Challenge, Exploration Intention, Instant Enjoyment, and Attention Demand. A 24-item Situational Interest Scale was developed and revised during the 4-stage va.
In situ Spectroscopic Study of Water Intercalation into Talc : New Features of ‘ Ten-2 Angstrom Phase ’ Formation 3

15 The synthesis of 10 Å phase via the reaction of talc plus water at 8 GPa and 500°C was studied by 16 in situ Raman spectroscopy using a diamond anvil cell. The initial fast (2 h) incorporation of 17 interlayer H2O molecules into the talc structure is traced by gradual growth of new OH stretching 18 bands at 3592 and 3621 cm and the shift of several framework bands. Further monitoring at HP19 HT conditions over 7 h reveals gradual weakening of the 3592 cm band, which can probably be 20 related to the onset of the formation of ‘long-run’ 10 Å phase through the appearance of silanol 21