Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 3D MODELING APPLIED TO VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN THE BRONCE AGE

Abstract. The risk of disappearing of cultural heritage of archaeological sites is directly related to the protection level by the corresponding administrations. This is the case of Cortijo Nuevo, an archaeological site with no known precedents in the Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age. The recent development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) used as platform carrying digital cameras, let to adapt the well-known classical Photogrammetry technique, in conjunction with Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) algorithms, for very high accurate surveying of the terrain. In this work, several digital cartographic products including point cloud, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and orthoimage were obtained from UAV-Photogrammetric flight with the purpose of document and virtual reconstruction of a damaged archaeological site. All the technical prescriptions of the flight and photogrammetric project were designed for accurately representing the state of the terrain in both epochs, current and previous to damage. The quality control for quantify planimetric and altimetric errors, based on 33 ground control points, showed RMSExy&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.0246&thinsp;m, RMSEz&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.0262&thinsp;m and the total error sum of 0.0359&thinsp;m. An integration of virtual 3D archaeological structures with the obtained terrain models was carried out through augmented reality technology, based on the information obtained in this work.
RESTRICCIÓN ALIMENTICIA Y SALBUTAMOL EN EL CONTROL DEL SÍNDROME ASCÍTICO EN POLLOS DE ENGORDA: 2. RESPUESTA HEMATOLÓGICA Y CARDÍACA FEED RESTRICTION AND SALBUTAMOL TO CONTROL ASCITES SYNDROME IN BROILERS: 2. HEMATOLOGICAL AND CARDIAC RESPONSES

Ascites syndrome is a major cause of broiler mortality, characterized by changes in blood composition and ventricular hypertrophy. An experiment was conducted to study the combined effect of a 25 % feed restriction and two doses of salbutamol (0 or 2 mg kg-1) on hematological and cardiac responses in broilers. Feed restriction was carried out when broilers were 7 to 21 days old, and salbutamol supplements were given from 20 to 35 days old. Data were analyzed in a 2x2 factorial array of treatments in a completely randomized design. One animal was used as one experimental unit. At days 20, 34 and 48, six males and six females were selected per treatment and weighed. A blood sample was taken to determine hematocrit and hemoglobin. They were then sacrificed and the heart was extracted to measure cardiac and right ventricle hypertrophy and to obtain cardiac body index. The effect of the interaction between levels of feed restriction and dosages of salbutamol was not significant. With restriction, hemoglobin (11.2 vs 10.6 g 100 mL -1 , p=0.067) and hematocrit (39.7 vs 37.1 %, p=0.098) were lower only on day 20. The females had higher values of hemoglobin than males on day 34 (p<0.01), but this tendency was inverted by day 48 when males had higher hematocrit values (p<0.05). Salbutamol and sex had no effect on cardiac variables throughout the experiment. Feed restriction decreased cardiac hypotrophy (27.0 vs 23.3 %, p<0.001) and right ventricular hypertrophy (0.115 vs 0.098 %, p<0.001) at day 20, but cardiac body index was not affected. In subsequent sampling, however, this index increased for feed restricted chickens (day 34, 0.342 vs 0.3752 %, p=0.0526; day 48, 0.299 vs 0.333 %, p<0.01). Hematocrit correlated with cardiac hypertrophy (r=0.44, p<0.01) in the broilers studied. It was concluded that feed restriction temporarily reduced cardiac stress associated with ascites syndrome, but salbutamol did not affect any of the variables of interest. The above suggests that the effects of each factor are independent.
A Modeling- and Process-Oriented Study to Investigate the Projected Change of ENSO-Forced Wintertime Teleconnectivity in a Warmer World

Considerable uncertainties remain about the expected changes of ENSO and associated teleconnectivity as the climate is warming. Two ensembles of pacemaker experiments using the CNRM-CM5 coupled model are designed in a perfect model framework to contrast ENSO-forced teleconnectivity between the preindustrial period versus a warmer background state (obtained from a long stabilized simulation under late-twenty-first-century RCP8.5 constant forcing). The most notable sensitivity to the mean background state is found over the North Atlantic, where the ENSO–NAO teleconnection is considerably reinforced in a warmer world. We attribute this change to (i) a stronger and eastward-extended mean upper-level jet over the North Pacific, (ii) an eastward-shifted ENSO teleconnection over the North Pacific, and (iii) an equatorward-shifted and reinforced mean jet over the North Atlantic. These altogether act as a more efficient waveguide, leading to a better penetration of synoptic storms coming from the Pacific into the Atlantic. This downstream penetration into the North Atlantic basin forces more systematically the NAO through wave breaking. The reinforcement in the teleconnection is asymmetrical with respect to the ENSO phase and is mainly sensitive to La Niña events. Even though the Pacific jet tends to retract westward and move northward during cold events, mean changes are such that both Pacific and Atlantic jets remain connected in a warmer climate by contrast to the preindustrial period, thus ensuring preferred anticyclonic wave breaking downstream over the North Atlantic leading ultimately to NAO+ events.
The Quality of Early Childhood Education and Care Services in Australia

THIS PAPER REPORTS CONCLUSIONS about the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services from E4Kids, a large-scale longitudinal study of three types of ECEC services in two Australian states. A little more than 250 preschool classrooms had complete data in 2010; two measures of ECEC quality were applied—the CLASS and selected subscales of the ECERS-R. Overall, Australian ECEC averaged in the medium range on most measured components of quality, with the exception of personal care routines and instructional support. We found evidence that average quality in ECEC in the E4Kids study varies systematically across the type of service, with kindergartens having significantly higher quality than long day care centres. Australian ECEC quality was found to be broadly similar to that in the United States and United Kingdom: slightly weaker in terms of the developmental appropriateness of classroom practices assessed through ECERS-R, slightly stronger than the United States in the areas of classroom organisation and instructional support.
It's in your glass: a history of sea level and storminess from the Laphroaig bog, Islay (southwestern Scotland)

Severe winter windstorms have become an increasingly common occurrence over recent decades in northwestern Europe. Although there exists considerable uncertainty, storminess is projected to increase in the future. On centennial to millennial time scales in particular, the mechanisms forcing storminess remain unsettled. We contribute to available palaeostorm records by reconstructing changes over the last 6670 years using a coastal peat sequence retrieved from the ombrotrophic Laphroaig bog on Islay, southwestern Scotland. We use a combination of ash content, grain size and elemental chemistry to identify periods of greater storminess, which are dated to 6605, 6290–6225, 5315–5085, 4505, 3900–3635, 3310–3130, 2920–2380, 2275–2190, 2005–1860, 1305–1090, 805–435 and 275 cal. a BP. Storm signals in the first half of the record up to ~3000 cal. a BP are mainly apparent in the grain‐size changes. Samples from this time period also have a different elemental signature than those later in the record. We speculate that this is due to receding sea levels and the consequent establishment of a new sand source in the form of dunes, which are still present today. The most significant events and strongest winds are found during the Iron Ages Cold Epoch (2645 cal. a BP), the transition into, and in the middle of, the Roman Ages Warm Period (2235 and 1965 cal. a BP) and early in the Little Ice Age (545 cal. a BP). The Laphroaig record generally agrees with regionally relevant peat palaeostorm records from Wales and the Outer Hebrides, although the relative importance of the different storm periods is not the same. In general, stormier periods are coeval with cold periods in the region as evidenced by parallels with increased ice‐rafted debris in the North Atlantic, highlighting that sea‐ice conditions could impact future storminess and storm track position.
Evaluation of the Ecological Impact of Human Settlement on Trees in Oban and Okwangwo Forests of Cross River National Park, Nigeria

The ecological impacts of human settlement on trees in Oban and Okwangwo Forests of Cross River National Park located in Nigeria was carried out in the park with the view of providing information on the activities of the support zones and enclave communities in both (Oban and Okwangwo) divisions of the park. Surveillance tours were carried out in company of the park rangers in the park and enclave communities. Each division was divided into two (2) zones each (core and peripheral) for ease of coverage. Plots were randomly selected in each study site at regular number of paces (fixed interval) to avoid coincidence. Data collections and observations were carried out for a period of four (4) months in both divisions. Random Sampling method was used for the study. Eight (8) plots of size 50 each were marked out using wooden pegs with red ribbon tied across the pegs in the core zones in both divisions (Oban and okwangwo). Same was applicable to the peripheral zones in both divisions giving a total number of 32 plots. The total number of trees per plot was determined by direct stem count and trees with 30 cm girth and above was considered for the count. The total number of trees counted in the core zones was (Oban 141 and Okwangwo 162) and the peripheral zones (Oban 120 and Okwangwo 127). Descriptive statistics was applied on the data to determine the mean, standard deviation and range. The T-test for tree counted in Oban (Table 3) reveals that Tcal(1.161)≤Ttab(2.365) and the difference had a mean of 3.875, TCal ≤ Ttab at 5% level of significance. The T-test for tree counts in Okwangwo (Table 6) shows that Tcal(3.040)≥Ttab(2.365), TCal ≥ Ttab at 5% level of significance. F-statistics (Table 8) revealed a significance level in their differences, Ftab (p=0.05) df (7,7) = 3.79, FCal = 5.384. This calls for fast action on the resettlement of the enclave communities and provision of alternative sources of income for the support zones and enclave communities. Strategies should be adopted and improved upon if biodiversity is to be conserved. These strategies are embedded in increasing staff strength, well equipped and dedicated rangers as well as the absence of surrounding enclave communities.
Rock Glacier Kinematics in the Kaunertal, Ötztal Alps, Austria

The quantification of rock glacier kinematics on a regional basis has gained increasing importance in recent years. Here, we applied an image tracking approach on high-resolution aerial imagery to infer surface kinematics of 129 mapped rock glaciers in the Kaunertal, Austrian Alps. We find significant surface movement for 30 features with mean velocities falling between 0.11 and 0.29 m yr−1 and a maximum of 1.7 m yr−1. Local analysis and comparison to earlier studies reveals significant increases in rock glacier velocities in the study area. From the rock glacier inventory and high-resolution digital topography, we computed a series of morphometric parameters to analyze potential controls on rock glacier creep and to predict rock glacier activity using random forests and logistic regression models. The results point towards a stronger dependence of velocities on parameters describing general inclination, potentially acting as proxies for internal rock glacier properties, while activity states seem to be regulated mainly by rock glacier dimensions and topoclimate. Using a parameter subset, we successfully separated active from inactive rock glaciers with accuracies of up to 77.5%, indicating a promising approach to predict rock glacier activity solely relying on parameters that can be derived from regionally available data sets.
Feasibility of SODIS as a Household Water Treatment Method in Rural Tanzania - A Case Study in the Villages Bulyaheke and Mbugani

Having access to safe drinking water is a human right, yet unimproved water sources are every-day life for 49% of Tanzania’s rural population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using solar water disinfection, i.e. SODIS, as a HWT method in rural Tanzania. For this purpose a case study was conducted in the villages Bulyaheke and Mbugani in the northwestern part of the country. This area have experienced cholera outbreaks during the last few years and have reported a high frequency of cases related to waterborne diseases. The microbiological drinking water quality was evaluated by determining the amount of E. coli bacteria in six local water collection points. A pilot study of the SODIS method in the communities were conducted, where 10 hours of solar exposure resulted in at least 92% pathogen removal efficiency compared to the raw water. Potential barriers to an implementation of the SODIS method in the communities, as well as the influencing factors for the efficiency of SODIS, i.e. solar radiation, turbidity and water containers, are also identified and discussed. In the absence of sufficient infrastructure coverage, implementing the SODIS method as a HWT method was concluded a feasible short-term solution to reach the SDG target of safe water.
Evaluation of restoration approaches on the Inner Mongolian Steppe based on criteria of the Society for Ecological Restoration

Ecological restoration is becoming an increasingly common management tool worldwide. However, a challenge still exists on how to effectively monitor restoration outcomes and evaluate restoration success for ecological restoration managers. In this review, the goal is to evaluate whether the research in a degraded area has been sufficient for fostering efficient restoration measures and follow‐up of restoration success based on the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) criteria. We selected the Inner Mongolian Steppe (IMS) in China as a model system. This area has been the subject of substantial research over the most recent years to understand degradation processes and restoration outcomes. We put together the variables used to assess degradation and restoration needs in the IMS and analyzed restoration results based on SER's nine criteria for evaluating restoration success. We found that the accomplished research in the IMS only partially supplied the data needed for evaluation of restoration success. The available results were sufficient for a proper evaluation of species composition and tentatively supported assessments of another seven criteria but not self‐sustainability. Grazing exclusion led to the fastest and most successful recovery of degraded steppe, but landscape‐scale processes during restoration in the IMS are still incompletely known. Our review supports large‐scale restoration of the IMS and emphasizes the need for long‐time monitoring for a more complete evaluation of the outcome of the IMS restoration following all SER's criteria.
Effect of Forest Coffee Management Practices on Woody Species Diversity and Composition in Bale Eco-Region, Southeastern Ethiopia

Forest coffee areas are hotspots areas for conservation of biodiversity due to anthropogenic effect on diversity and abundance of indigenous species. This study was aimed to determine the effect of forest coffee management on woody species diversity and composition. The study was conducted in Dellomena and Harenna Buluk districts where natural forest and forest coffee are found adjacently. Systematic sampling method was used to collect woody species data from 16 transect lines. Eighty (80) sample quadrats of 20 m × 20 m quadrat size for mature trees/shrubs and five 5 m × 5 m subplots within each quadrat for saplings and seedlings were used. Forty-seven species of 29 families and 39 species of 24 families were recorded in natural forest and forest coffee areas respectively. Woody species frequently recorded in most of the sample plots were Celtis africana (100%), Podocarpus falcatus (95%), Strychnos mitis (95%), Diospyros mespili-formis (95%) and Diospyros abyssinica (90%) in the natural forest, and Celtis africana (95%) and Podocarpus falcatus (95%) in the forest coffee. Woody species richness (P = 0.000), Shannon diversity (P = 0.000), Simpson diversity indices (P = 0.02) and dominance (P = 0.02) were sig-nificantly varied between the two forests. This findings revealed significantly higher woody species diversity and richness in natural forest than forest coffee. Negative effects were noticed due to coffee management practices on woody species diversity and composition in forest coffee areas. Hence, reducing the human pressure on forest coffee via awareness raising and training on the effect of coffee management activities and introduction of environmentally friendly forest coffee management techniques are crucial to maintain ecological service and economic benefit of the forest coffee.
Exhuming the Top End of North America: Episodic Evolution of the Eurekan Belt and Its Potential Relationships to North Atlantic Plate Tectonics and Arctic Climate Change

We present the first low‐temperature thermochronology data from northernmost Ellesmere Island (Canadian Arctic), along with palynological data from Paleogene sediments. Our study area is part of the >2,500‐km‐long Eurekan deformation belt that formed across the High Arctic during the Eocene. The aim of this study is to investigate the exhumation of the Eurekan belt and potential relationships with the opening of the North Atlantic, as well as with environmental changes of the Arctic. Our data show that the Canadian Arctic margin was characterized by stretching and basin formation during the Paleocene. Sediment deposition occurred in a coastal swamp environment under a warm and humid climate that lasted into the early Eocene. Exhumation of northern Ellesmere Island was episodic and was presumably controlled by strike‐slip movements along the De Geer Fracture Zone between Svalbard and Greenland. Enhanced exhumation of northern Ellesmere Island occurred ~66–60 Ma, ~55–48 Ma, 44–38 Ma, and 34–26 Ma. These exhumation periods largely correlate with changes of spreading rates and movement directions of the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea. Main topographic growth along the Eurekan belt was temporally coincident with deposition of ice‐rafted debris off eastern Greenland. We suggest that Eurekan topography growth was an important trigger for glacier formation in Greenland. The cessation of rapid exhumation at ~26 Ma can be explained by continental separation between Greenland and Svalbard, which decoupled northern Ellesmere Island from strike‐slip movements along the De Geer Fracture Zone, eventually leading to the opening of the Fram Strait.
Investigation of the Prevalence of Tonsillolith in the Aegean Region Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence rate and characteristics of tonsilloliths in a Turkish population sample living in the Aegean region of Turkey using cone-beam computed tomography. Methods: Three hundred ninety-nine consecutive cone-beam computed tomography data was obtained at the Department of Oral and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology were retrospectively analyzed for the characteristics and presence of tonsilloliths. The subjects were divided into three groups according to age: (1) age ≤20 years; (2) age 21-40 years; (3) age ≥41 years. The correlation between subject demographics and the characteristics (number and prevalence) of tonsilloliths was investigated. Results: The prevalence rate of palatine tonsilloliths in 399 subjects (184 males, 215 females; mean age of 34.3 years) was 25.8%; the prevalence showed no significant difference between male and female genders ( p =0.57). A positive correlation was observed between the number of tonsillotihs and age ( p =0.002). Tonsillar calcification was significantly more common in Group 3 than Group 1 and 2, while it was significantly lower in Group 1 than the other groups ( p =0.036). Conclusion: According to our results, tonsilloliths affect approximately a quarter of the Aegean population. Tonsilloliths are age-related but sex-independent. These calcifications are more common in people older than 40 years of age.
Brittle‐Ductile Deformation and Tensile Rupture of Dome Lava During Inflation at Santiaguito, Guatemala

Gas‐and‐ash explosions at the Santiaguito dome complex, Guatemala, commonly occur through arcuate fractures, following a 5‐ to 6‐min period of inflation observed in long‐period seismic signals. Observation of active faults across the dome suggests a strong shear component, but as fault propagation generally proceeds through the coalescence of tensile fractures, we surmise that explosive eruptions require tensile rupture. Here, we assess the effects of temperature and strain rate on fracture propagation and the tensile strength of Santiaguito dome lavas. Indirect tensile tests were conducted on samples with a porosity range of 3–30% and over diametral displacement rates of 0.04, 0.004, and 0.0004 mm/s. At room temperature, the tensile strength of dome rock is rate independent (within the range tested) and inversely proportional to the porosity of the material. At eruptive temperatures we observe an increasingly ductile response at either higher temperature or lower displacement rate, where ductile deformation is manifest by a reduction in loading rate during constant deformation rate tests, resulting in slow tearing, viscous flow, and pervasive damage. We propose a method to conduct indirect tensile tests under volcanic conditions using a modification of the Brazilian disc testing protocol and use brittleness indices to classify deformation modes across the brittle‐ductile transition. We show that a degree of ductile damage is inevitable in the lava core during explosions at the Santiaguito dome complex and discuss how strain leading to rupture controls fracture geometry, which would impact gas pressure release or buildup and regulate explosive activity.
The role of destination image in tourist satisfaction: the case of a heritage site

Abstract Cultural tourism is a fundamental element for the economic development of some local communities. There are many factors that can influence the success of this type of tourism, but any action or strategy implemented should be closely tied to ensuring tourist satisfaction. This research focuses on a heritage destination of an archaeological nature, and aims to analyse the destination image formation as well as the influence of this image on tourist satisfaction. The results show that the affective component is more relevant than the cognitive in the image of this destination formed by the tourist. The data were collected by means of a closed-ended questionnaire administered to tourists aged 18 and over, and were analysed using P.L. S. -S.E. M. methodology. These analyses provide useful information for the planning of future tourism marketing strategies; to that end, recommendations have been made regarding how to improve the provision of services and the management of these types of heritage sites.