Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making the invisible visible : Searches for invisible Higgs decays at LHC with the ATLAS detector

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is a theoretical model which describes matter and its interaction with the three fundamental forces of nature: electromagnetic, nuclear strong and weak. This model, extremely precise and predictive, was completed by the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. Despite its great success, the SM has several shortcomings such as the absence of any description of the pieces of evidence from observational astrophysics that indicate the existence of Dark Matter. Following the Standard Cosmological Model, Dark Matter accounts for the majority of matter in the universe (around 75%) compared to baryonic matter. Its discovery would then be a major turning point for the understanding of the universe. In the last years, multiple theories and experimental techniques have been developed to detect Dark Matter, such as the production of Dark Matter at high-energy colliders. The work of this thesis will be focused on the search of Dark Matter at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using 36.1 fb−1 of proton-proton interactions delivered at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded by “A Toroidal LHC Apparatus” (ATLAS) detector during 2015 and 2016. The channel at study is the invisible Higgs decay in associated production with a Z boson with a final signature of two leptons and missing transverse energy. Two different analysis techniques are presented, one following a cut-based approach, the other using a multivariate technique based on a boosted decision tree. An additional chapter will describe the ATLAS fast physics TAG data monitoring system (TADA).
Differentially driven wideband Fabry–Perot cavity antenna

A wideband differential Fabry–Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) is presented. Unlike the mostly used patch antennas, a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been investigated as primary radiation source. A compact partially reflective surface (PRS) is proposed and used as superstrate layer over the DRA for wideband gain enhancement. Measurements show that the antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth (for |S 11 |<−10 dB) as well as half-power gain bandwidth of 30% ranging from 2.27 to 3.05 GHz with a maximum boresight gain of 9.95 dBi. However, the gain of FPCA is improved all over the band; it is 4.5 dB higher than the DRA's gain at 2.7 GHz. The differential operation provides higher noise immunity than the single-ended high gain antennas. Furthermore, the presence of DRA and imperfect phase of PRS have been considered for estimation of optimum height of the cavity. Characteristics of a rectangular DRA in a Fabry-Perot cavity are studied through a detailed parametric study and presented here.
Exponential convergence to the Maxwell distribution of solutions of spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equations

We consider the rate of convergence of solutions of spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equations, with hard-sphere potentials, to some equilibriums, called Maxwellians. Maxwellians are spatially homogeneous static Maxwell velocity distributions with different temperatures and mean velocities. We study solutions in weighted space [Formula: see text]. The result is that, assuming the solution is sufficiently localized and sufficiently smooth, then the solution, in [Formula: see text]-space, converges to a Maxwellian, exponentially fast in time.
Dynamics in strongly interacting one-dimensional quantum systems

In this thesis we study the dynamics of one-dimensional strongly interacting few-body systems. We present the theory which allows us to describe such systems as a spin chain where the exchange coefficients are determined by the trapping geometry, and comment on the experimental feasibility of these models. We then proceed to apply our formalism to different dynamical problems, where the strength of the interactions between the atoms in the trap plays a fundamental role. We find that interesting effects ranging from changes in magnetic correlations to impurity oscillations and spin-charge separation arise in this context. Additionally, we perform studies of the static correlations and many-body dynamics of bosonic systems away from the strongly interacting limit.
Carbapenems in clinical practice

Increasing frequency of infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms is currently observed in the adult and pediatric population. It is the clinician’s responsibility to use wide-spectrum antibiotics when appropriate, where such a potent treatment is required. Carbapenems are the most efficient beta-lactams, especially against Gram-negative bacilli, and the most preserved from resistance so far. This review summarizes microbiological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of currently available carbapenems. Their clinical use in different pediatric settings is then discussed, based on published evidence. Among available carbapenems, meropenem has superior pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, higher tolerance and easier use in the pediatric population.
Implementation of a math workshop model in the elementary classroom: understanding how teachers differentiate instruction.

The purpose of this exploratory case study was to discover the ways in which elementary teachers implement a math workshop model and differentiate math instruction to improve math achievement for elementary students. Constructivist and differentiated learning theories provided a context to explore how elementary teachers implement math workshop and design instruction to meet diverse student needs. The primary research question guiding this study was: how do elementary teachers use their knowledge and understanding of math workshop in classroom math instruction in a Southeast Massachusetts school district to improve math instruction? Math workshop was generally defined as teachers strategically selecting appropriate tasks and orchestrating classroom discourse to maximize learning opportunities geared to developing students’ conceptual understanding, fluency with numbers, and problem solving strategies. The analysis of the data indicated that providing teachers with school-based professional development delivered by math specialists with sustained support and follow-up had more influence in changing teachers’ instructional practices than traditional professional development workshops. In addition, the study’s findings highlighted elements that impacted teachers’ implementation of math workshop in their classrooms: student grouping practices, incorporation of differentiated instruction, peer collaboration and support, and teacher autonomy in instructional decision-making.
The axiom of determinacy implies dependent choice in mice

We show that the Axiom of Dependent Choice, DC , holds in countably iterable, passive premice M constructed over their reals which satisfy the Axiom of Determinacy, AD , in a ZF+DCRM background universe. This generalizes an argument of Kechris for L(R) using Steel's analysis of scales in mice. In particular, we show that for any n≤ω and any countable set of reals A so that Mn(A)∩R=A and Mn(A)⊨AD , we have that Mn(A)⊨DC .
Design-based mapping for finite populations of marked points

The estimation of marks for a finite population of points scattered onto a study region is considered when a sample of these points is selected by a probabilistic sampling scheme. At each point, the mark is estimated by means of an inverse distance weighting interpolator. The designbased asymptotic properties of the resulting maps are derived when the study area remains fixed, a sequence of nested populations with increasing size is considered and samples of increasing size are selected. Conditions ensuring design-based asymptotic unbiasedness and consistency are given. They essentially require that marks are the values of a pointwise or uniformly continuous deterministic function, the enlargement of the populations is rather regular and the sequence of sampling designs ensures an asymptotic spatial balance. A computationally simple mean squared error estimator is proposed. A simulation study is performed to assess the theoretical results on artificial populations. Finally, an application for mapping the values of the height of trees in a forest stand located in North Italy is reported. MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 62G05; secondary 62G20.
The Effects of Metacognitive Training on Algebra Students' Calibration Accuracy, Achievement, and Mathematical Literacy.

THE EFFECTS OF METACOGNITIVE TRAINING ON ALGEBRA STUDENTS’ CALIBRATION ACCURACY, ACHIEVEMENT, AND MATHEMATICAL LITERACY Deana J. Ford Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Linda Bol This dissertation describes an empirical study that investigated how metacognitive training influenced lower achieving Algebra students’ calibration accuracy, achievement, and development of mathematics literacy. Multiple methods were used to collect and analyze the data. Close analysis of students’ work and classroom observations revealed that students that were exposed to the metacognitive training had significantly higher prediction accuracy and made gains in their understanding of the mathematics word problems than did students who did not receive the metacognitive training. Overall, however, both the intervention and comparison groups improved in their academic performance and became more mathematically literate and accurate in their metacognitive judgments. These findings suggested that explicit instruction of self-regulation strategies was beneficial for improving metacognitive judgments among lower achieving Algebra students in this study. Results further suggest that the problem-solving strategy enhanced mathematics learning for both groups. Further research is warranted to better understand students’ metacognitions as they engage in the problem-solving process.
On the Predictability of 30-Day Global Mesoscale Simulations of African Easterly Waves during Summer 2006: A View with the Generalized Lorenz Model

Recent advances in computational and global modeling technology have provided the potential to improve weather predictions at extended-range scales. In earlier studies by the author and his coauthors, realistic 30-day simulations of multiple African easterly waves (AEWs) and an averaged African easterly jet (AEJ) were obtained. The formation of hurricane Helene (2006) was also realistically simulated from Day 22 to Day 30. In this study, such extended predictability was further analyzed based on recent understandings of chaos and instability within Lorenz models and the generalized Lorenz model. The analysis suggested that a statement of the theoretical predictability of two weeks is not universal. New insight into chaotic and non-chaotic processes revealed by the generalized Lorenz model (GLM) indicated the potential for extending prediction lead times. Two major features within the GLM included: (1) three types of attractors (that also appeared in the original Lorenz model) and (2) two kinds of attractor coexistence. The features suggest a refined view on the nature of weather, as follows: The entirety of weather is a superset that consists of chaotic and non-chaotic processes. Better predictability can be obtained for stable, steady-state solutions and nonlinear periodic solutions that occur at small and large Rayleigh parameters, respectively. By comparison, chaotic solutions appear only at moderate Rayleigh parameters. Errors associated with dissipative small-scale processes do not necessarily contaminate the simulations of large scale processes. Based on the nonlinear periodic solutions (also known as limit cycle solutions), here, we propose a hypothetical mechanism for the recurrence (or periodicity) of successive AEWs. The insensitivity of limit cycles to initial conditions implies that AEW simulations with strong heating and balanced nonlinearity could be more predictable. Based on the hypothetical mechanism, the possibility of extending prediction lead times at extended range scales is discussed. Future work will include refining the model to better examine the validity of the mechanism to explain the recurrence of multiple AEWs.
Quantifying the global impact of tropical cyclone‐associated gravity waves using HIRDLS, MLS, SABER and IBTrACS data

Tropical convective systems are major sources of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs). These waves are a key driver of global atmospheric circulation, especially in the middle and upper atmosphere. Tropical cyclones (TCs) such as hurricanes and typhoons are particularly dramatic examples of such systems, and are therefore potentially significant individual sources of GWs. To investigate this effect, GW observations from three satellite limb sounders in the vicinity of TCs are produced and analysed. By statistically combining 15 years of GW observations from 1,379 individual TCs represented in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship, it is shown that TCs are associated with a 15% increase of GW amplitudes over background and a 25% increase in measured momentum fluxes, primarily during the period immediately before the TC. It is further shown that this additional contribution is small relative to other GW‐generating processes, and thus that individual TCs do not have a large quantitative effect on the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere as a whole. Thus, it is concluded that accurate modelling of TC‐generated short vertical wavelength GWs need not be a development priority for the next generation of weather and climate models. The results also demonstrate that stronger GW activity is associated with TCs that will later develop into hurricane‐intensity storms than is observed for those that will not, and thus that better space‐based monitoring of stratospheric GW activity could be a useful tool to help improve the forecasting of strong hurricane events in the presence of obscuring tropospheric cloud.
Webpage Security Evaluation Model Based on PageRank and System Calls

Traditional webpage evaluation methods based on the virus characteristics can not meet the features of rapid development and quick deformation,according to this problem,a new model based on PageRank and system calls was proposed to detect virus in webpage(PRSC). Firstly,PRSC classified the webpages by PageRank and through analyzing the arguments of system calls,and then automatically learnt and built the normal access mode to detect the abnormal access behaviors generated by malicious webpages.Finally,a prototype was implemented and the experiment results showed that it worked well and achieved 79.5 percent detection rate of typical malicious webpages and was clearly superior to the traditional methods when detecting the new web-based virus.
Breakdown of the equivalence between gravitational mass and energy due to quantum effects

We review our recent theoretical results about inequivalence between passive and active gravitational masses and energy in the semiclassical variant of general relativity, where the gravitational field is not quantized but matter is quantized. To this end, we consider the simplest quantum body with internal degrees of freedom — a hydrogen atom. We concentrate our attention on the following physical effects, related to electron mass. The first one is the inequivalence between passive gravitational mass and energy at the microscopic level. Indeed, the quantum measurement of gravitational mass can give a result which is different from the expected one, [Formula: see text], where the electron is initially in its ground state; [Formula: see text] is the bare electron mass. The second effect is that the expectation values of both the passive and active gravitational masses of stationary quantum states are equivalent to the expectation value of the energy. The most spectacular effects are the inequivalence of the passive and active gravitational masses and the energy at the macroscopic level for an ensemble of coherent superpositions of stationary quantum states. We show that, for such superpositions, the expectation values of passive and active gravitational masses are not related to the expectation value of energy by Einstein’s famous equation, [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we also improve several drawbacks of the original pioneering works.
Quantitative continuity feature for preterm neonatal EEG signal analysis.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrical signal recorded from a person’s scalp, and is used to monitor the neurological state of the patient. This thesis proposes a quantified continuity feature to aid preterm neonatal EEG analysis. The continuity of EEG signals for preterm infants refers to the variation of the EEG amplitude, and is affected by the conceptional age of the infants. Currently, the continuity of the signal is determined largely by visual examination of the raw EEG signal, or by using general guidelines on amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG), which is a compressed plot of the estimated signal envelope. The proposed parametric feature embodies the statistical distribution parameters of the signal amplitudes. The signal is first segmented into pseudo-stationary segments using Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR). These segments are used to construct a vector of amplitude, the distribution of which can be modelled using a log-normal distribution. The mean and standard deviation of the log-normal distribution are used as the continuity feature. This feature is less prone to the effects of local transient activities than the aEEG. This investigation has demonstrated that the degree of continuity corresponds to the major axis of the feature distribution in the feature space, and the minor axis roughly corresponds to the age of the infants in healthy files. Principal component analysis was performed on the feature, with the first coefficient used as a continuity index and the second coefficient as a maturation index. In this research, classifiers were developed to use the continuity feature to produce a qualitative continuity label. It was found that using a linear discriminant analysis based classifier, labelled data can be used as training data to produce labels consistent across all recordings. It was also found that unsupervised classifiers can assist in identifying the intrinsic clusters occurring in the recordings. It was concluded that the proposed continuity feature can be used to aid further research in neonatal EEG analysis. Further work should focus on using the continuity information to provide a context for further feature extraction and analysis.
Semi-orthogonal Non-negative Matrix Factorization with an Application in Text Mining

Emergency Department (ED) crowding is a worldwide issue that affects the efficiency of hospital management and the quality of patient care. This occurs when the request for an admit ward-bed to receive a patient is delayed until an admission decision is made by a doctor. To reduce the overcrowding and waiting time of ED, we build a classifier to predict the disposition of patients using manually-typed nurse notes collected during triage, thereby allowing hospital staff to begin necessary preparation beforehand. However, these triage notes involve high dimensional, noisy, and also sparse text data which makes model fitting and interpretation difficult. To address this issue, we propose the semi-orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization (SONMF) for both continuous and binary design matrices to first bi-cluster the patients and words into a reduced number of topics. The subjects can then be interpreted as a non-subtractive linear combination of orthogonal basis topic vectors. These generated topic vectors provide the hospital with a direct understanding of the cause of admission. We show that by using a transformation of basis, the classification accuracy can be further increased compared to the conventional bag-of-words model and alternative matrix factorization approaches. Through simulated data experiments, we also demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) methods in terms of factorization accuracy, rate of convergence, and degree of orthogonality.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Ketidakpastian Lingkungan terhadap Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Manajemen (Studi pada PT. Kukuh Tangguh Sandang Mills)

Budaya organisasi merupakan sekumpulan nilai yang diakui dan dianut oleh seluruhpihak dalam perusahaan. Ketidakpastian lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor yangmenyebabkan sebuah organisasi atau perusahaan melakukan penyesuaian terhadapkondisi sebuah organisasi atau perusahaan terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian inidilakukan di PT. Kukuh Tangguh Sandang Mills. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmenguji besar pengaruh budaya organisasi dan ketidakpastian lingkungan tehadapkualitas sistem informasi akuntansi manajemen. Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui teknikpengumpulan data dengan kuesioner yang disebar secara langsung ke seluruh kepalabagian yang ada di PT. Kukuh Tangguh Sandang Mills. Alat uji statistik yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Structural Equation Model (SEM) denganpenaksiran Partial Least Square (PLS). Penerapan budaya organisasi, ketidakpastianlingkungan dan kualitas sistem informasi akuntansi manajemen di PT. Kukuh TangguhSandang Mills sudah dalam kriteria baik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 1) Adanyapengaruh yang signifikan budaya organisasi terhadap kualitas sistem informasiakuntansi manajemen. 2) ketidakpastian lingkungan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikanterhadap kualitas sistem informasi akuntansi manajemen
Development of CFD Capability for Full Helicopter Engineering Analysis

This paper presents the development and validation of a CFD method suitable for analysing the flow around a complete helicopter. Emphasis is placed on the detailed validation for a range of flow cases designed to assess the predictive capability of the method. Several fundamental flow cases are presented including tip flows, blade-vortex interaction and threedimensional dynamic stall. Solutions for isolated rotors are also obtained both at hover and forward flight conditions. The detailed validation of the method for fundamental flows was found to be beneficial when more complex cases were considered like the flow around a helicopter fuselage or the rotor/fuselage interaction. Throughout, experimental data available in the public domain has been used and a substantial validation database has been compiled. Overall, the method was found capable of capturing the basic flow characteristics, however, the need for detailed experimental data has been identified as a number one priority in order to assess the method in predicting the interactions between the main rotor the fuselage and the tail rotor at a wide range of conditions. Introduction In contrast to CFD solutions for complete fixed-wing aircraft, which appear frequently in the literature, the case of a full helicopter still remains rare [1,2,3]. There are several reasons for this, the main being the complexity of the flow around a helicopter which can challenge modern CFD methods even when the conditions considered are well within the design envelope. A summary of the flow phenomena associated with helicopter flows can be found in the review paper by Conlisk [3] and is discussed in detail in specialised rotorcraft textbooks [4,5,6,7]. For this work three fundamental flow phenomena have been identified as key for CFD validation. These include the formation of the tip vortex [8-9], the threedimensional dynamic stall [10-11] and the blade-vortex interaction [12-13]. In addition, the CFD analysis of the flow around isolated rotors in hover and forward flight conditions requires specific formulation of the governing equations to account for the rotation and the actuation of the blades which is not the case for the fixed-wing problem. For this work several flow cases have been considered based on public-domain experimental data [14-18]. 1 Senior Lecturer, gbarakos@aero.gla. ac.uk 2 Post-Doctoral Research Associate 3 Reader 4 Principal Engineer, PhD Candidate