Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greater Consumption of Sweetened Beverages and Added Sugars Is Associated with Obesity among US Young Adults

Background/Aims: This study sought to examine the associations of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and of added sugars with total and abdominal obesity in American adults aged 20–39 years who participated in the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the U.S. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a sample of 947 adults (aged 20–39 years): 424 non-Hispanic whites, 222 non-Hispanic blacks, and 301 Mexican-Americans. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≧30 and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference >102 cm in men or >88 cm in women. The use of sweetened beverages and added sugars was stratified into quartiles of intake. Odds ratios (ORs) for total and abdominal obesity were estimated with logistic regression models. Results: Compared to the lowest intake quartile of sweetened beverages, those with the highest intake had a higher intake of energy, added sugars, and carbohydrates, as well as a lower intake of fiber, orange juice, and low-fat milk. A greater intake of sweetened beverages was associated with a higher risk of total and abdominal obesity (ptrend <0.02 for both). The adjusted ORs comparing 2 extreme quartiles of sweetened beverages were 2.1 (95% CI 1.2–3.7) for total obesity and 2.0 (95% CI 1.1–3.6) for abdominal obesity. Conclusions: An increased consumption of sweetened beverages was associated with total and abdominal obesity in US adults aged 20–39 years. Further investigation of the potential role of sweetened beverages and other dietary components, and of the mechanisms by which these intakes contribute to weight gain, is needed to accelerate our efforts to halt or somewhat alleviate the current obesity epidemic facing the American population.
Teachers’ Judgments of Students’ School-Wellbeing, Social Inclusion, and Academic Self-Concept: A Multi-Trait-Multimethod Analysis Using the Perception of Inclusion Questionnaire

Students’ school well-being, social inclusion, and academic self-concept are considered important outcome variables of schools. In the present study, these three variables were examined from teachers’ and students’ perspective (grades 5–9). The aim of the study was to investigate the construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) of the teacher’s version of the Perception of Inclusion Questionnaire (PIQ). Further, we investigated whether or not it is meaningful to include the perspective of a second teacher. The dataset consists of PIQ ratings of 151 students as well as ratings from two main subject teachers. The results for psychometric properties show that the students’ as well as the teachers’ version of the PIQ is suitable for secondary school students. The confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated good model fit for the three-dimensional factorial structure. By excluding one teacher’s rating from the model, the multitrait-multimethod analysis provided indicators for the PIQ’s construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) of the traits and discriminant validity of the methods.
Genomic Analysis Identifies New Loci Associated With Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a clinical symptomatology involving both motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor complications associated with long-term dopaminergic treatment include motor fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), which may have a major impact on the quality of life. The clinical features and onset time of motor complications in the disease course are heterogeneous, and the etiology remains unknown. Objective: We aimed to identify genomic variants associated with the development of motor fluctuations and LID at 5 years after the onset of PD. Methods: Genomic data were obtained using Affymetrix Axiom KORV1.1 array, including an imputation genome-wide association study (GWAS) grid and other GWAS loci; functional variants of the non-synonymous exome; pharmacogenetic variants; variants in genes involved in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs; and expression quantitative trait loci in 741 patients with PD. Results: FAM129B single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10760490 was nominally associated with the occurrence of motor fluctuations at 5 years after the onset of PD [odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8–4.8, P = 6.5 × 10−6]. GALNT14 SNP rs144125291 was significantly associated with the occurrence of LID (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.9–10.3, P = 7.88 × 10−9) and was still significant after Bonferroni correction. Several other genetic variants were associated with the occurrence of motor fluctuations or LID, but the associations were not significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: This study identified new loci associated with the occurrence of motor fluctuations and LID at 5 years after the onset of PD. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Clindamycin effects on experimental ocular toxoplasmosis in the rabbit.

The effect of treating experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis with clindamycin (7-chlorolincomycin) phosphate was evaluated in 14 rabbits. Clinical improvement was evident in 71.4% of the treated eyes but in only 28.6% of the untreated eyes. Toxoplasma organisms could not be isolated from treated eyes but could be isolated from 78.6% of the untreated eyes. Histopathologic examination showed normal retinal architecture was preserved in three fourths of the treated eyes and inflammatory changes were only mild to moderate. In contrast, more than two thirds of the untreated eyes showed marked to severe retinochoroiditis with complete disruption of the normal retinal architecture and severe tissue destruction. These data indicate that clindamycin is effective in the treatment of experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in rabbits. Investigation of the potential value of this antibiotic for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in humans should be pursued.
Two‐day oral desensitization to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole in HIV‐infected patients

ObjectiveTo establish whether an outpatient, 2-day oral desensitization protocol would be both safe and effective in HIV-infected patients with previous trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) intolerance. DesignA single center trial of TMP-SMX desensitization in HIV-infected patients with prior TMP—SMX hypersensitivity reactions. MethodsHIV-infected patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts < 250×106/I cells or CD4% < 20% with previous non-life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to TMP-SMX were eligible. The desensitization protocol utilized 40 graduated doses over 36 h; the first 28 doses (7.5 h) of the protocol were given in an outpatient clinic with the remaining doses taken at home. ResultsTwenty-seven (60%) of the 45 subjects completed the protocol and were subsequently maintained on daily TMP-SMX without adverse reactions (mean follow-up, 9 months; range, 4–16 months). Patients with CD4 counts < 100×106/I cells were just as likely as patients with higher CD4 counts to tolerate the desensitization. No patient required hospitalization for treatment of an adverse reaction. ConclusionOral desensitization to TMP-SMX in HIV-infected patients is a useful option in the management of patients with advanced HIV disease and prior intolerance to TMP-SMX.
Topographic organization of suprachiasmatic nucleus projection neurons

The mammalian circadian pacemaker, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), has two subdivisions. The core is located above the optic chiasm, receives primary and secondary visual afferents, and contains neurons producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin‐releasing peptide. The shell largely surrounds the core, receives input from nonvisual sources and contains neurons producing arginine vasopressin and calretinin. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SCN efferent projections are topographically organized with respect to the subdivision of origin. Injections of retrograde tracers were placed in major sites of efferent termination, described from prior studies that used anterograde tracers (Watts and Swanson, [1987] J. Comp. Neurol. 258:230–252; Watts et al. [1987] J. Comp. Neurol. 258:204–229). After retrograde tracer injections in the medial preoptic area, dorsomedial and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, zona incerta, and medial subparaventricular zone, retrogradely labeled SCN cells are clustered in the shell with few labeled neurons in the core. After injections centered in the lateral subparaventricular zone, peri‐suprachiasmatic region, lateral septum, or ventral tuberal area, the majority of neuronal label is in the core with moderate to sparse neuronal label in the shell. Both subdivisions are labeled after injections in the paratenial thalamic nucleus. The same pattern of retrograde labeling is found with four tracers, cholera toxin‐β subunit, Fluoro‐Gold, the Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus, and biotinylated dextran amine. These data extend our understanding of the significance of the division of the SCN into shell and core by demonstrating that the subdivisions differ in the pattern of projections. Together with prior observations that the subdivisions differ with respect to afferents, local connections, and neuroactive substances, the present study provides an anatomic basis for discrete control of circadian function by the SCN core and shell. In this novel view, the nature of the signal conveyed to areas receiving core or shell projections varies as a function of the subdivision from which innervation is derived. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:312–334, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coxsackievirus B3 modulates cardiac ion channels

Infections with coxsackieviruses of type B (CVBs), which are known to induce severe forms of acute and chronic myocarditis, are often accompanied by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The mechanisms underlying the development of virus‐induced, life‐threatening arrhythmias, which are pheno‐typically similar to those observed in patients having functionally impaired cardiac ion channels, remain, however, enigmatic. In the present study, we show, for the first time, modulating time‐dependent effects of CVB3 on the cardiac ion channels KCNQ1, hERG1, and Cav1.2 in heterologous expression. Channel protein abundance in cellular plasma membrane and patterns of their subcellular distribution were altered in infected murine hearts. The antiviral compound AG7088 did not prevent these effects on channels. In silico analyses of infected human myocytes suggest pronounced alterations of electrical and calcium signaling and increased risk of arrhythmogenesis. These modifications are attenuated by the common Asian polymorphism KCNQ1 P448R, a genetic determinant preventing coxsackievirus‐induced effects in vitro. This study provides a previously unknown explanation for the development of arrhythmias in enteroviral myocarditis, which will help to develop therapeutic strategies for arrhythmia treatment. —Steinke, K. , Sachse, F. , Ettischer, N. , Strutz‐Seebohm, N. , Henrion, U. , Rohrbeck, M. , Klosowski, R. , Wolters, D. , Brunner, S. , Franz, W. ‐M. , Pott, L. , Munoz, C. , Kandolf, R. , SchulzeBahr, E. , Lang, F. , Klingel, K. , Seebohm, G. , Coxsackievirus B3 modulates cardiac ion channels. FASEB J. 27, 4108–4121 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Dose-Ranging Kinetics and Behavioral Pharmacology of Naltrexone and Acamprosate, Both Alone and Combined, in Alcohol-Dependent Subjects

We examined kinetic and dynamic factors to determine the pharmacological and behavioral safety and tolerability of low versus high doses of an opiate antagonist, naltrexone (50 mg/day vs. 100 mg/day), and acamprosate (2 g/day vs. 3 g/day), a functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, both independently and combined, among non-treatmentseeking, alcohol-dependent individuals. This double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, randomized, 23-day, four-way crossover study involved 23 subjects assigned to one of four groups. Placebo washout (phase I) preceded phase II, where subjects received low-dose or high-dose naltrexone or acamprosate. In phases III and IV, the alternative medication type at its lower and higher doses, respectively, was administered with continuation of the phase II medication. Predetermined behavioral, performance, and pharmacological criteria determined significant pathological change from baseline (phase I). Case records were reviewed. Criterion-significant increases in symptoms from baseline with monotherapy included nervousness and fatigue with 3 g acamprosate and somnolence and headache with 50 mg and 100 mg naltrexone, respectively. Combined treatment at various doses evinced anger, depression, somnolence, nervousness, diarrhea, and headache. Notably, for all but one subject who dropped out, increased symptoms did not produce any remarkable clinical deterioration. Naltrexone administration significantly increased plasma acetylhomotaurine (i.e., acamprosate) levels, presumably by prolonging gastric emptying. The level of neither plasma acetylhomotaurine nor plasma 6-β naltrexol (i.e., naltrexone’s metabolite) predicted adverse-event frequency. Naltrexone and acamprosate, both alone and in combination at the tested doses, were behaviorally and pharmacologically safe. Adverse events were infrequent, were of moderate intensity, and resolved with reassurance and symptomatic treatment. More side effects were noted with the combination of medications than with either medication alone. Naltrexone administration significantly increased plasma acamprosate levels.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BUMN DI KOTA BANDUNG DENGAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Studi PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk dan PT. Bio Farma (Persero)

This study aims to determine the effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance of BUMN in Bandung City with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Moderation Variable. Researchers want to demonstrate the ability of moderating variables (Organizational Citizenship Behavior) that can strengthen or weaken the independent variable causal relationship (transformational leadership) to the dependent variable (performance of BUMN employees). Data was taken from two state-owned companies in the city of Bandung, namely PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk and PT. Bio Farma (Persero) because these two SOEs received BPEA awards in 2017 with the Good Performance category. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analysis method used in this research is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that there was an effect of transformational leadership on the performance of BUMN employees in Bandung City by 5.9%. There is also the influence of transformational leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the performance of BUMN employees in Bandung City by 37.7%. In addition there is an influence of transformational leadership on the performance of BUMN employees in Bandung City with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a moderating variable of 37.8%, this shows that with the existence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a moderating variable, the influence of transformational leadership on the performance of BUMN employees in the City of Bandung to increase from 5.9% to 37.8% increasing by 31.9%. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, BUMN Employee Performance.
Randomized clinical trial of fixation vs nonfixation of mesh in total extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty.

HYPOTHESIS Mesh fixation in the extraperitoneal space during endoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty might be related to an increase in postoperative pain, morbidity rate, and hospital costs. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS From January 1999 to December 2001, 170 patients with inguinal hernia were invited to participate; 85 patients were randomized to each group. INTERVENTION Total extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty with or without mesh fixation using staples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Operating time, morbidity rate, chronic pain, recurrences, and hospital cost were analyzed. Follow-up was considered complete when it included a physical examination at 24 months (mean, 36 +/- 12 months). RESULTS The statistical study showed no significant differences with regard to epidemiological factors, hernia type, operating time, morbidity, or recurrences when the mesh was stapled, although the total cost of the process was higher (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Stapling the mesh in total extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty offers no advantages and increases the cost of the process. Our results suggest the possibility of limiting the use of mesh fixation in total extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty to cases of direct bilateral hernias.
Micrurus ibiboboca (Serpentes, Elapidae) is not a Guiana Shield Species

( ) Coral snakes (Micrurus) are a diverse group of Neotropical squamates. Similarities in morphology and coloration can make identification difficult, especially in areas of species sympatry. Species with triad-type coloration, approximately 30% of all Micrurus species, are among the most difficult to identify. Micrurus ibiboboca Merrem, 1820 is an east Brazilian species with triad-type coloration. There are also reports of M. ibiboboca from the Guiana region, in Guyana, French Guiana and Surinam. In a recent revision of the genus Micrurus, Roze (1996) stated that “isolated populations [of M. ibiboboca] are probably also found in Suriname and French Guiana”, although the accompanying map of the species’ distribution shows no records from north of the Amazon. Roze’s distribution list by countries includes M. ibiboboca in the Surinam list, but not in the French Guiana list. In publications prior to 1996, Roze did not mention M. ibiboboca as occurring in French Guiana or Surinam (Roze 1967, 1983). Furthermore Roze (1996) suggested that the Guianan specimens of M. ibiboboca may really be M. isozonus. Other authors have reported the occurrence of M. ibiboboca in the Guiana region. Abuys
Association of preeclampsia with podocyte turnover.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, and increased shedding of podocytes into the urine is a common finding. This finding raises the question of whether preeclamptic nephropathy involves podocyte damage. This study examined podocyte-related changes in a unique sample of renal tissues obtained from women who died of preeclampsia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS All patients with preeclampsia who died in The Netherlands since 1990 and had available autopsy tissue were identified using a nationwide database of the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). This resulted in a cohort of 11 women who died from preeclampsia. Three control groups were also identified during the same time period, and consisted of normotensive women who died during pregnancy (n=25), and nonpregnant controls either with (n=14) or without (n=13) chronic hypertension. Glomerular lesions, including podocyte numbers, podocyte proliferation, and parietal cell activation, were measured. RESULTS Patients with preeclampsia had prominent characteristic glomerular lesions. The results showed that the number of podocytes per glomerulus did not differ significantly between the patients with preeclampsia and the control groups. However, preeclampsia was associated with a significant increase in intraglomerular cell proliferation (7.3% [SD 9.4] of the glomeruli of patients with preeclampsia had Ki-67-positive cells versus 1.6% [SD 3.3] of the glomeruli of hypertensive controls and 1.1% [SD 1.3] of nonpregnant controls; P=0.004) and activated parietal epithelial cells on a podocyte location (34% [SD 13.1] of the glomeruli of patients with preeclampsia versus 18.0% [SD 15.3] of pregnant controls, 11.9% [SD 13.2] of hypertensive controls, and 10.8% [SD 13.4] of nonpregnant controls; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the recently described mechanisms of podocyte replacement play a role in preeclampsia. These results provide key new insights into the pathogenesis of preeclamptic nephropathy, and they open new possibilities for developing therapeutic modalities.
Greenways as safe routes to school in a Latino community in East Los Angeles

ABSTRACT The school setting and proximal neighborhoods have recently been the focus of policies and infrastructure investments aimed at creating more child-friendly cities that encourage youth physical activity. Examples of these efforts in the US are the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program and greenway projects. The extant literature has addressed active travel to school and greenways as discrete research topics, creating a gap in the literature that combines these efforts to determine if greenways can serve as an environmental support for youth active travel to school. This study fills this gap by examining the potential of greenways as SRTS infrastructure. The national SRTS survey was adapted to explore if and how high school and elementary school students in a traditionally underserved, predominately Latino community, use an urban greenway to travel to school. The survey results reveal that greenways may make it easier and safer for students to walk or bike to school as compared to using the often inadequate sidewalk and street infrastructure. In terms of policy implications, evidence from this study suggests that greenway interventions near schools may be a viable infrastructure improvement strategy to create more child-friendly cities. Graphical Abstract
Developmental States ? : Explaining Cross-Country Differences in Private vs . State Ownership of New Railroad Miles , 1860-1912

One theory argues that state ownership of infrastructure is greater in poor countries because the social returns from investment exceed the private returns by a wider margin. Another theory argues that state ownership is greater when legal and political institutions provide weak enforcement of private property rights or weak limits on government excess. I test these theories using cross-country data on state and private ownership of new railroad miles between 1860 and 1912. The results from a panel analysis show that private ownership of new railroad miles increased when G.D. P. per capita increased. They also show that state ownership was greater in countries with civil law legal systems compared to common law legal systems. The findings suggest that state ownership of new railroads was symptomatic of insecure property rights in some cases, but the dominant consideration was the level of income and its implications for private returns. JEL Classifications: N40; N70; H11; K40; P51
Understanding the Mechanism of Social Media to Promote Green Initiative for Library Sustainability

Social media is a platform to facilitate libraries and their users. The challenge is to use social media for green companies by giving the value to the consumer in the comparison of products and services The aim of this paper is to review previous study that underpins a seamless integration of library green initiative using social media.In order to achieve this aim, we tackle the literature to incorporate social media and library green initiative. The results can lead to some new evaluation methods in green technology from library perspective. The outcome will offer an enormous opportunity to advance the science of data analytics so that future researchers will have a new understanding on what is needed to use social media as a tool to improve library sustainability. The conduct of this survey will ensure the projects agility in responding to unfolding events, and substantially enhance its ability to engage in and impact on green technology and societies.