Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Gaseous Pollutants on Silver Artifacts Tarnishing

The present work investigated the effect of the common gaseous pollutants on silver artifacts corrosion. The study will be carried out on manufactured coupons of silver alloy (91 silver, 9 copper) which have chemical composition similar to ancient Egyptian silver artifacts. These coupons will be exposed to gaseous pollutants of each individual gas; such as Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide and Chlorine. The exposure period will be four weeks in a climate chamber with gas concentration 10 PPM. After the test Examinations by SEM and PM were used to evaluate the effect of each gas and description the morphology of the corrosion layers. The results revealed that all gases reacted with the surface except carbon dioxide. The formed tarnishing layers varied in coverage and density rate. Corrosion products are analyzed by XRD and the results revealed Ag2S, AgCl, Ag2SO4 and Ag2O as corrosion products.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Hornbill Densities in Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India

Asian hornbill populations are declining across their ranges because of hunting and deforestation. Five of the 32 Asian hornbill species occur in north-east India. However, vital information on their abundance from the region remains scanty. Understanding spatiotemporal variation in densities provides crucial information for formulating effective conservation strategies based on species-specific abundance patterns and population trends. We examined spatiotemporal variation in densities of four hornbill species in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve, a site identified as an important site for hornbill conservation in Asia. We collected data through variable-width line transect sampling (effort=842.1 km) in the non-breeding season from 2009-12 to estimate hornbill densities. We had 458 detections of four hornbill species. We have estimated White-throated Brown Hornbill densities (7.9 birds/km2) for the first time throughout its entire range. The mean Rufous-necked Hornbill densities (6.9 birds/km2) were higher than those reported elsewhere. Great (3.9 birds/km2) and Wreathed Hornbill (16.1 birds/km2) densities were comparable with other sites. The peak densities of all hornbill species in November-December are among the highest reported from Asia. Wreathed Hornbill densities showed temporal variation peaking in November-December (68 birds/km2) and drastically declining by March-April (1.3 birds/km2), indicating seasonal altitudinal movement to low-elevation areas outside the reserve during the breeding season. Our results underscored the spatial variation in hornbill distribution, with low densities of Great and the White-throated Brown hornbills in higher elevations. Our study demonstrates the global importance of Namdapha for hornbills, given its large area and high densities of four hornbill species.
RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER TO VARYING LEVELS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND IRRIGATION SCHEDULING

In order to examine the effect of mineral fertilizers and irrigation levels on the growth and yield of sunflower crop, the experiment was conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute (PARC), Umerkot during 2013 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) three replications with a plot size of 3m x 5m (15m2). Using four levels of mineral fertilizers (F1=80-40 N-P kg ha-1, F2=100-50 N-P kg ha-1, F3=120-50 N-P kg ha-1, F4=140-50 N-P kg ha-1) and four irrigation levels (I1=1 irrigation, I2=2 irrigations, I3=3 irrigations, I4=4 irrigations). The results revealed that all sunflower traits studied were significantly (P<0.05) affected by varying levels of mineral fertilizers (NP) and irrigation levels. The crop given N-P @ 140-50 kg ha-1 resulted in maximum values for all the traits examined taking 72.67 days to 75% flowering, 110.7 5 days to 90% maturity, 169.38 cm plant height, 5.19 cm stem girth, 21.38 cm head diameter, 1602.93 seeds head-1, 65.92 g seed index and 1465.90 kg ha-1 seed yield. The crop receiving N-P @ 120-50 kg ha-1 took 69.50 days to 75% flowering, 106.10 days to 90% maturity, 161.80 cm plant height, 5.04 cm stem girth, 20.44 cm head diameter, 1533.08 seeds head-1, 63.05 g seed index and 1380.90 kg ha-1 seed yield. The crop performance was adversely affected under N-P fertilizers @ 100-50 kg ha -1 and 80-40 kg ha-1. The effect of number of irrigations indicated that the crop irrigated four times throughout the growing season took 73.92 days to 75% flowering, 112.99 days to 90% maturity, 177.61 cm plant height, 5.31 cm stem girth, 21.77 cm head diameter, 1632.30 seeds head-1, 67.13 g seed index and 1585.50 kg ha-1 seed yield. The sunflower crop given three irrigations took 69.25 days to 75% flowering, 105.70 days to 90% maturity, 166.19 cm plant height, 5.00 cm stem girth, 20.37 cm head diameter, 1540.08 seeds head-1, 63.32 g seed index and 1362.80 kg ha-1 seed yield. The crop irrigated two times and receiving only one irrigation throughout the growing period showed least performance. It was concluded that highest N-P level of 140-50 kg ha-1 produced highest sunflower seed yield, and seed yield decreased with curtailing the rate of mineral fertilizers. Similarly, four irrigations resulted in improved growth and highest seed yield as compared to lower irrigation levels. For profitable cultivation of sunflower the crop may be fertilized with NP @ 140-50 kg ha-1 and given 4 irrigations, because reduction in the dose of mineral fertilizers and water stress impacted the crop yields adversely.
Reliability Models for Double Chipkill Detect/Correct Memory Systems

Chipkill correct is an advanced type of error correction used in memory subsystems. Existing analytical approaches for modeling the reliability of memory subsystems with chipkill correct are limited to those with chipkill correct solutions that can only guarantee correction of errors in a single DRAM device. However, chipkill correct solutions capable of guaranteeing the detection and even correction of errors in up to two DRAM devices have become common in existing HPC systems. Analytical reliability models are needed for such memory subsystems. This paper proposes analytical models for the reliability of double chipkill detect and/or correct. Validation against Monte Carlo simulations shows that the output of our analytical models are within 3.9% of Monte Carlo simulations, on average.
The effect of steaming on the glucosinolate content in broccoli.

Total and individual glucosinolates were measured after different duration of steaming broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). During steaming, the temperature profile, cell lysis and inactivation of myrosinase were assessed as well. Steaming resulted in high retention of total aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates in the cooked product. Only after extensive steaming of broccoli (30 min) substantial losses of total indolyl glucosinolates of 55% and total aliphatic glucosinolates of 8.5% were observed. Steaming broccoli for more than 6 min result in complete inactivation of the hydrolytic enzyme myrosinase. However, steaming of broccoli for less than 6 min may result in a high intake of glucosinolates, in the presence of a residual active myrosinase, allowing the release of health-protective breakdown products of glucosinolates after consumption.
Inhibiting Aspergillus flavus growth and degrading aflatoxin B1 by combined beneficial microbes

Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a type of toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus , which has a negative effect on animal production and economic profits. In order to inhibit A. flavus growth and degrade aflatoxin, the optimal proportion of beneficial microbes such as Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis and Pichia anomala were selected. The results show that AFB 1 production and mycelium weight of A. flavus was decreased by more than 34 folds (161.05 vs. 4.69 µ/L) and 7.7 folds (6.98 vs. 0.90 mg/ml) with the free-cell supernatants of L. casei and B. subtilis (P<0.05), respectively. The optimal proportion of L. casei, B. subtilis and P. anomala was 2:1:2 for inhibiting A. flavus growth determined by 3x3 orthogonal design. Based on the optimal proportion of three microbial species, the maximum AFB1 degradation was during 24 to 48 h incubation (P<0.05). When three species of beneficial microbes were mixed with yeast cell wall and oligosaccharide, both of them could not help the microbes in AFB1 degradation. The combined microbial incubation showed that AFB1 contents in the supernatant and cells were 10.25 (P<0.05) and 3.34 µg/L, lower than the control group (68.55 µg/L), indicating that most of the AFB 1 were degraded by the microbes and only a little of them were absorbed and deposited in microbial cells. Key words : Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B 1 detoxification, beneficial microbes, yeast cell wall, oligosaccharide.
Ambivalent sexism and perceptions of men and women who violate gendered family roles

This study draws on ambivalent sexism theory to explore the role of benevolent and hostile gender attitudes in determining perceptions of individuals who comply with traditional gender roles or violate them. Three hundred and eleven participants were presented with a description of a male or a female target who was either a primary breadwinner or a primary caregiver. As hypothesized, hostile sexism (HS) predicted more negative perceptions of a female breadwinner, whereas benevolent sexism (BS) predicted more positive perceptions of a female caregiver. Moreover, participants who endorsed hostile attitudes toward men reacted more positively to a nontraditional male caregiver, whereas those who endorsed benevolent attitudes toward men reacted more negatively to a male caregiver. Implications regarding the nature of ambivalent gender attitudes are discussed.
WINTER FLOCKING OF INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS IN MONTANE PINE-OAK FORESTS IN MIDDLE AMERICA

Abstract We studied mixed-species insectivorous bird flocks in pine-oak forests in Middle America during three winter seasons to determine whether patterns of flock structure and dynamics were similar to those reported from other tropical sites. We also analyzed patterns of association among bird species, as well as their foraging behavior and the vegetation characteristics associated with birds in flocks. We encountered 333 flocks containing 144 species, of which 26 species had adequate sample sizes for analyses. The size and rate of movement of the flocks were similar to those reported from other Neotropical sites, however, the species richness of our flocks was lower than reported in most other studies, perhaps due to simpler vegetation structure or higher latitude. Only 3 of 50 significant correlations between species pairs were negative, indicating that species generally were not restricted in their participation in mixed-species flocks by other species. In only one instance did we observe correspondence between the association of species-pairs in flocks and their foraging behavior. For most species there was no relationship between association between species-pairs in flocks and vegetation parameters with which they were associated. Thus, additional factors besides foraging facilitation and mutual association with particular vegetation characteristics must be responsible for many of the positive correlations among species pairs. We suggest that non-random association among species within flocks may result in part from enhanced vigilance for predator detection afforded by flock members using similar parts of the environment at the same time.
VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEARBY TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA 2011dh

We report on phase-referenced very long baseline interferometry radio observations of the Type IIb supernova 2011dh, at times t = 83 days and 179 days after the explosion and at frequencies, respectively, of 22.2 and 8.4 GHz. We detected SN 2011dh at both epochs. At the first epoch only an upper limit on SN 2011dh's angular size was obtained, but at the second epoch, we determine the angular radius of SN 2011dh's radio emission to be 0.25 ± 0.08 mas by fitting a spherical shell model directly to the visibility measurements. At a distance of 8.4 Mpc, this angular radius corresponds to a time-averaged (since t = 0) expansion velocity of the forward shock of 21, 000 ± 7000 km s−1. Our measured values of the radius of the emission region are in excellent agreement with those derived from fitting synchrotron self-absorbed models to the radio spectral energy distribution, providing strong confirmation for the latter method of estimating the radius. We find that SN 2011dh's radius evolves in a power-law fashion, with R∝t0.92 ± 0.10.
Colour–colour diagrams and extragalactic globular cluster ages - Systematic uncertainties using the (V – K) – (V – I) diagram

Context. Age and metallicity estimates for extragalactic globular clusters, from integrated colour-colour diagrams, are examined. Aims. We investigate biases in cluster ages and [Fe/H] estimated from the (V - K) - (V - I) diagram, arising from inconsistent Horizontal Branch morphology, metal mixture, treatment of core convection between observed clusters and the theoretical colour grid employed for age and metallicity determinations. We also study the role played by statistical fluctuations of the observed colours, caused by the low total mass of typical globulars. Methods. Synthetic samples of globular cluster systems are created, by means of Monte-Carlo techniques. Each sample accounts for a different possible source of bias, among the ones addressed in this investigation. Cumulative age and [Fe/H] distributions are then retrieved by comparisons with a reference theoretical colour-colour grid, and analyzed. Results. Horizontal Branch morphology is potentially the largest source of uncertainty. A single-age system harbouring a large fraction of clusters with an HB morphology systematically bluer than the one accounted for in the theoretical colour grid, can simulate a bimodal population with an age difference as large as ∼8 Gyr. When only the redder clusters are considered, this uncertainty is almost negligible, unless there is an extreme mass loss along the Red Giant Branch phase. The metal mixture affects mainly the redder clusters; the effect of colour fluctuations becomes negligible for the redder clusters, or when the integrated M V is brighter than ∼-8.5 mag. The treatment of core convection is relevant for ages below ∼4 Gyr. The retrieved cumulative [Fe/H] distributions are overall only mildly biases for Colour fluctuations and convective core extension have the largest effect. When 1σ photometric errors reach 0.10 mag, all biases found in our analysis are erased, and bimodal age populations with age differences of up to ∼8 Gyr go undetected. The use of both (U - I) - (V - K) and (V - I) - (V - K) diagrams may help disclosing the presence of blue HB stars unaccounted for in the theoretical colour calibration.
A COMPREHENSIVE ARCHIVAL SEARCH FOR COUNTERPARTS TO ULTRA-COMPACT HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS: FIVE LOCAL VOLUME DWARF GALAXIES

We report five Local Volume dwarf galaxies (two of which are presented here for the first time) uncovered during a comprehensive archival search for optical counterparts to ultra-compact high-velocity clouds (UCHVCs). The UCHVC population of HI clouds are thought to be candidate gas-rich, low-mass halos at the edge of the Local Group and beyond, but no comprehensive search for stellar counterparts to these systems has been presented. Careful visual inspection of all publicly available optical and ultraviolet imaging at the position of the UCHVCs revealed six blue, diffuse counterparts with a morphology consistent with a faint dwarf galaxy beyond the Local Group. Optical spectroscopy of all six candidate dwarf counterparts show that five have an Hα-derived velocity consistent with the coincident HI cloud, confirming their association; the sixth diffuse counterpart is likely a background object. The size and luminosity of the UCHVC dwarfs is consistent with other known Local Volume dwarf irregular galaxies. The gas fraction ( M HI / M star ? > ) of the five dwarfs are generally consistent with that of dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Volume, although ALFALFA-Dw1 (associated with ALFALFA UCHVC HVC274.68+74.70–123) has a very high M HI / M star ? > ∼ 40. Despite the heterogenous nature of our search, we demonstrate that the current dwarf companions to UCHVCs are at the edge of detectability due to their low surface brightness, and that deeper searches are likely to find more stellar systems. If more sensitive searches do not reveal further stellar counterparts to UCHVCs, then the dearth of such systems around the Local Group may be in conflict with ΛCDM simulations.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de girassol

Apontado como especies vegetais com grande potencial produtivo de materia prima para a geracao de energia renovavel, o girassol tem sido largamente cultivado em todo mundo. Apresenta resistencia a seca, baixas e altas temperaturas, sendo estas caracteristicas que conferem ao girassol adaptabilidade a diferentes regioes agricolas, proporcionando uma expansao de sua area cultivada em diversas regioes do Brasil. Sua colheita e uma etapa muito delicada, onde diversos fatores podem contribuir para a reducao da qualidade fisiologica, como a umidade dos aquenios, tipo de colheita, local e periodo de armazenamento. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiologica de sementes de girassol trilhadas com diferentes rotacoes do cilindro trilhador, apos periodo de armazenamento em diferentes recipientes.
Heave Motion Estimation on a Craft Using a Strapdown Inertial Measurement Unit

Abstract This paper deals with heave position and heave velocity estimation on a craft. The estimation is done without any knowledge of the specified craft. An accurate estimation of these signals is useful when one wants to control or monitor the heave motions on a platform or a ship such as in a active heave compensated systems. The necessary sensor input for the proposed guidance system is a strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) which consists of three gyroscopes and three accelerometers. In this case study, the heave motion estimation is required as input for a control system on a Surface Effect Ship (SES) where it is desired to control the air cushion pressure in order to damp vertical motions. The motions are induced by sea wave propagations. A SES will experience high frequency accelerations on the hull compared to other vessels. A lift fan sets up these accelerations or process disturbances and complicates the performance of the estimation. The estimation is performed using an observer. The observer model is based on a set of superimposed sinusoidals, each with a different excitation frequency. The sum of these denotes the actual heave motion. The estimation algorithm is adaptive in terms of changes in the sea states. Results will be given using real experimental data from model tests of a 3 meter long SES.
Sting microsculpture in the digger wasp Bembix rostrata (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

Th e sting microsculpture of the digger wasp Bembix rostrata (Fabricius, 1781) (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) is studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the fi rst time. As in many other hymenopterans, the second valvifer of B. rostrata possesses two fi elds of styloconic sensilla (hair plates) of proprioceptive function. Th e presence of two paired fiof campaniform sensilla on the second valvula and second valvifer is fi rst shown in an apoid wasp. Th e fi rst and the second valvulae bear scattered sensilla-like structures on the external surface, more numerous apically. Th e fi rst valvula has two subapical barbs externally and a pair of valvilli on its inner surface, whereas the outer surface of the second valvula is smooth. Th e third valvula is sclerotized externally, consisting of proximal and distal parts, and bearing four sensilla morphotypes of mechanoreceptive and probably chemoreceptive functions. Th e inner surface of the valvulae and the membranous cuticle that is touching the sting have microstructures of diff erent shapes directed distally. Functional aspects of characters studied are discussed.
STUDY OF DEPRESSION IN WOMEN WITH CERVICAL AND BREAST CANCER

BACKGROUND: There is considerable lack of scientific estimate of depressive disorder among cancer patients in India. OBJECTIVES: (1) To associate the depressive disorders between the cervical cancer and breast cancer patients and (2) to compare the level of depression score among cervical and breast cancer patients, and with medically ill inpatient population with some other medical illnesses. SETTING AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study at inpatient Department of Bharath Cancer Hospital and JSS Medical College Hospital, Mysore. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was conducted on admitted thirty breast and thirty cervical cancer inpatients in medical ward of JSS Hospital and Bharath Cancer Hospital, Mysore from December 2007 to august 2009. Data analysis was done for the both groups of cancer and with thirty control group of medically ill inpatient population with some other medical illnesses. Detailed psychological, sociodemographic characteristics were recorded in proforma specially designed for the study. Depression was assessed using MINI plus, HAMD scale and scoring was done. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, Cross tabs procedure, repeated measure ANOVA statistical methods were carried out through the SPSS for Windows (version 16.0). RESULTS: Major depressive disorder was present in 16.7% of breast cancer and 23.3% of cervical cancer patients. There was no significant association between type of cancer (Breast cancer and cervical cancer) and depressive disorder. Depression score was found high in cervical cancer cases compare to breast cancer cases though difference in these scores were not statistically significant in between two cancer groups. Depression score was high and significant in both cancer groups as compare to control group. CONCLUSION: Depression is more prevalent in cancer patients than in other several medical illneses and adequate knowledge is required for psychosocial interventions and designing programs aimed at improving the quality of life of cancer patients.
Education and gender wage differentials in Portugal: what can we learn from an age cohort analysis?

Important changes characterize the recent evolution of the schooling of workers in Portugal. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consequences of those changes in the gender wage gap. In particular, we analyze and compare the way that this process has evolved in the groups of young workers and older workers. Our findings suggest that the major part of the pay gap refers to employer discrimination practices for both age group cohorts: in the case of the younger workers, discrimination plays an increasing role in explaining the wage gap; whereas for the older workers, discrimination remains stable over time.
Job satisfaction among veterinary surgeons of department of animal husbandry and dairying (Dah & D), Haryana

A research work was conducted to study the job satisfaction of Veterinary surgeons (VSs) from Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAH&D), Haryana. Ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. The study was limited to 120 VSs from 4 divisions i.e. Hisar, Rohtak, Ambala and Gurgaon. Study indicated that more than half of the VSs were grouped under moderate level of job satisfaction category. The degree of job satisfaction further revealed that the respondents were not satisfied with the pay and remuneration received by the department, operating conditions and promotion opportunities while moderately satisfied with the fringe benefits and contingent rewards they received and the communication pattern in the department. Veterinary surgeons were highly satisfied with their superiors and co-workers attitude and the nature of their work they assigned