Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urinary excretion of in vivo 13C-labelled milk oligosaccharides in breastfed infants

Recent observations indicate that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are involved in a variety of physiological processes in infants. Their metabolic fate, however, is virtually unknown. We investigated metabolic aspects in infants after endogenous 13C-labelling of HMO. An oral bolus of natural and 13C-labelled galactose (Gal; 23 g Gal+4 g 13C-Gal) was given to ten lactating women. Aliquots of milk at each nursing as well as breath samples from the mothers and urine from their infants were collected over 36 h. The 13C-enrichment of HMO and their renal excretion was determined by isotope ratio-MS; characterisation was achieved by fast atom bombardment-MS. After the Gal bolus was given, an immediate 13C-enrichment in milk and in infants' urine was observed which lasted 36 h. Mass spectrometric analysis of 13C-enriched urinary fractions confirmed the excretion of a variety of neutral and acidic HMO without metabolic modification of their structures. Components with glucose split off at the reducing end were also detectable. Quantitative data regarding the infants' intake of lacto-N-tetraose and its monofucosylated derivative lacto-N-fucopentaose II ranged from 50 to 160 mg with each suckling, respectively; renal excretion of both components varied between 1 and 3 mg/d. Since the intake of individual HMO by the infants was in the range of several hundred mg per suckling, i.e. several g/d, and some of these components were excreted in mg amounts as intact HMO with the infants' urine, not only local but also systemic effects might be expected.
Childbearing motivations, pregnancy desires, and perceived partner response to a pregnancy among urban female youth: does HIV-infection status make a difference?

Despite a growing literature assessing pregnancy desires among HIV-infected women enrolled in clinical care, little attention has been paid to HIV-infected youth for whom pregnancy is a very relevant issue. In urban areas with high rates of teen pregnancy and HIV infection, further understanding of childbearing motivations and relationship dynamics influencing pregnancy desires among female youth is needed. This study compares the childbearing motivations, pregnancy desires, and perceived partner desire for a pregnancy among predominately African-American HIV-infected (n=46) and HIV-uninfected (n=355) female youth (15–24 years). An HIV-infected status was not significantly associated with childbearing motivations or the desire for a future pregnancy, p>0.10. HIV-infection was, however, associated with an increased likelihood to perceive that one's partner would have a positive response to a pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–10.4, p=0.02) compared to uninfected peers. While race was not associated with participants’ own desire for a child, white youth were significantly less likely to perceive a positive partner response to becoming pregnant than their African-American peers (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.56, p=0.001). These data suggest that the desire for childbearing is not diminished by HIV infection among urban female youth, highlighting the need for routine, provider-initiated discussions about childbearing with urban youth to minimized unintended pregnancies and HIV transmission.
Temporal trends in early case-fatality rates in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: To assess whether temporal trends in very early (within 48 hours) case-fatality rates may differ from those occurring between 48 hours and 30 days in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: All cases of ICH that occurred in Dijon, France (151,000 inhabitants), were prospectively collected between 1985 and 2011, using a population-based registry. Time trends in 30-day case fatality were analyzed in 3 periods: 1985–1993, 1994–2002, and 2003–2011. Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between time periods and case fatality within 48 hours and between 48 hours and 30 days, after adjustments for demographics, risk factors, severity, and ICH location. Results: A total of 531 ICH cases were recorded (mean age 72.9 ± 15.8, 52.7% women). Thirty-day case fatality gradually decreased with time from 40.9% in 1985–1993 to 33.5% 1994–2002 and to 29.6% in 2003–2011 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–1.07, p = 0.106, for 1994–2002, and adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32–0.73, p < 0.001, for 2003–2011). Over the whole study period, 43.6% of 1-month deaths occurred within the first 48 hours following ICH onset. There was no temporal change in case fatality occurring within the first 48 hours but a decrease in deaths occurring between 48 hours and 30 days was observed with time (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.90, p = 0.02, for 1994–2002, and HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.32–0.55, p < 0.01, for 2003–2011, compared with 1985–1993). Conclusion: Although 30-day case fatality significantly decreased over the last 27 years, additional improvements in acute management of ICH are needed since very early case-fatality rates (within 48 hours) did not improve.
High-Level Resistance to Fluoroquinolones Linked to Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE in Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund Isolates from Humans in Taiwan

Recent reports suggest high-level fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance is emerging in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis, and S. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund in different parts of the world ([1][1]-[9][2]). In this study we analyzed high-level FQ resistance
Insulin-Secreting Adenoma of the Pancreas

CASE REPORTS Case 1. A housewife aged 41 years was admitted to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary unconscious on 17th March 1963, with a diagnosis of epilepsy or possible phenobarbitone overdosage. Her husband had been unable to awaken her that morning. During the past year he had noticed that she had been sleeping 'very soundly' in the morning. She had been difficult to rouse and drowsy when awakened, when her voice would occasionally be 'slow and unusual' and her mouth 'drooped to one side'. His custom was to go to work at 7 a.m, and return at 10 a.m. for a meal when he would find his wife asleep, but after giving her a cup of tea with sugar he noticed that she gradually brightened. She had been very deaf for many years. On two other occasions he had been unable to waken her and admission to hospital had followed. On each of these occasions unconsciousness had persisted for just over 24 hours. On the evening before the first hospital admission she had been drinking spirits, having about 9 or 10 drinks. She had, however, consumed similar amounts of alcohol on many occasions without the development of such an episode. On the first admission no definite diagnosis was made, but it was felt that she might have been suffering from a post-epileptic state. On the second hospital admission she was noted to have a tonic spasm with foaming of the mouth, and a diagnosis of epilepsy was made and phenobarbitone prescribed.
[The immunophenotypic characteristics of 260 patients with CD5 + B cell lymphoproliferative disorders].

OBJECTIVE To explore the immunophenotypic characteristics of CD5⁺ B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPD) of Chinese patients. METHODS Immunophenotyping of bone marrow and (or) of peripheral blood was performed in patients with B-LPD by four color multiparameter flow cytometry analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, and the patients clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The difference in immunophenotypes and the related clinical features were retrospectively analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for t(11;14) detection was applied to diagnose or exclude mantle cell lymphoma. RESULTS (1)A total 260 CD5⁺ B-LPD patients were enrolled in this study, including 186 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 40 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), other B-LPD including 5 splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), 2 B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL), 3 hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The other 26 cases (10%)were not classified and defined as unclassified B-LPD (BLPD-U). MCL patients were all positive for t(11;14) detected by FISH, while all the BLPD-U patients were negative for t(11;14). (2) All patients expressed CD19, CD20 and CD5. According to the immunophenotypic score system, 186 CLL patients scored 4-5, 99.5% of patients with CD23⁺, 11.3% with sIgM⁺, 10.2% with FMC7⁺, 44.1% with CD22⁺ and 51.1% with CD11c⁺. MCL patients scored 2-3, with 50% expressing CD23 and sIgM, 81.6% expressing FMC7, 92.1% expressing CD22 and 5.3% expressing CD11c. In aspect of BLPD-U and other B-LPD, the expression of CD23, sIgM, FMC7, CD22 and CD11c were 73.1% and 50%, 34.6% and 50%, 88.5% and 100%, 92.3% and 90%, 69.2% and 70%, respectively. (3)In comparison of CLL with MCL, there was a significant difference in the expression of CD23, sIgM, FMC7, CD22 and CD11c between the two groups (P<0.01). Between MCL and BLPD-U, similar expression type of CD23, sIgM, FMC7 and CD22 was found except CD11c, which was highly expressed in BLPD-U (P<0.001). The difference of CD11c expression was also statistically significant between MCL and other B-LPD (P<0.01). In comparison of MCL with other B-LPD, there was a significant difference in the expression of CD11c (P<0.01). The expression of CD23 and sIgM in MCL are 7%-21% and 82%-100% respectively in Western population, while the expression of other immunophenotypic markers is similar with our study. CONCLUSION The significant high incidence of CD23 and low incidence of sIgM compared to the Western population was observed in Chinese patients, and CD11c coud serve as a useful marker to distinguish MCL from CLL and other CD5⁺ B-LPD.
Hepatitis C Virus NS 5 B and Host Cyclophilin A share a common binding site on NS 5 A *

Capsule Background: HCV replication requires the interaction of the viral polymerase NS5B with both viral and host proteins. Results: We performed the molecular characterization of the interactions between HCV NS5B, NS5A and host CypA. Conclusions: HCV NS5B and host CypA share a binding site on HCV NS5A Significance: The NS5A-D2 site which interacts with both the HCV polymerase NS5B and the host CypA might regulate the HCV replication.
Mass function and assembly of dark haloes: an approach to inventory isolated overdense regions in random fields

In order to attain a statistical description of the evolutio n of cosmic density fluctuations in agreement with results from the numerical simulations, we introduce a probability conditional formalism (CF) based on a complete inventory of isolated overdense regions in a density random field. This formalism is a useful tool for describing a t the same time the mass function (MF) of virialized dark haloes, their mass aggregation hist ories (MAHs) and merging rates (MRs). The CF focuses on virialized regions in a self-consistent way rather than in mass elements, and it offers an economical description for a vari ety of random fields. Within the framework of the CF, we confirm that, for a Gaussian field, it is not possible to reproduce at the same time the MF, MAH, and MR of haloes, both for a constantand moving barrier. Then, we develop an inductive method for constraining the cumulative conditional probability from a given halo MF description, and thus, using the CF, we calculate the halo MAHs and MRs. By applying this method to the MF measured in numerical simulations by Tinker et al., we find that a reasonable solution, justified by a mass conservation argument, is obtained if a rescaling ‐increment by � 30%‐ of the virial mass defined in simulations is introduced, and a (slight) deviation from Gaussianity is taken into account. Thus, both the MAH and MR obtained by a Monte Carlo merger tree agree now with the predictions of numerical simulations. We discuss on the necessity of rescaling the virial mass in simulations when comparing with analytical approaches on the ground of the matter not accounted as part of the halos and the halo mass limit due to numerical resolutions in the simulations. Our a nalysis supports the presence of a diffuse dark matter component that is not taken into account in the measured halo MFs inasmuch as it is not part of the collapsed structures.
The effects of ovarian extracts upon activity of the guinea pig uterus in situ.

Studies of the chemical properties of a uterine relaxing factor (URF), obtained from aqueous extracts of sows9 ovaries indicate that the active agent is non-dialyzable, stable to heat, and sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes and a variety of reducing agents. It is concluded that URF is a protein or polypeptide. URF activity is also displayed by both crude and purified relaxin preparations, and comparison of the occurrence of URF and relaxin in various tissues suggests a close relationship between the two substances. The possible relationship of protein-like hormones of the reproductive tract to changes in uterine motility have been discussed.
Fcγ receptor IIa, IIIa, and IIIb polymorphisms in German patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with clinical symptoms

Background: Receptors for IgG play an important part in immune complex clearance. Several studies have identified polymorphisms of receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG (FcγR) as genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease or disease course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective: To examine these possibilities by evaluating a panel of clinical parameters in a cohort of 140 German patients with SLE for correlations with the FcγRIIa, IIIa, and IIIb polymorphisms in an explorative study. Methods: 140 German patients with SLE according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 187 German controls were genotyped for the FcγRIIa, IIIa, and IIIb polymorphisms. Associations between FcγR genotypes, combined genotypes and clinical as well as laboratory features were analysed. Results: No significant skewing of any of the three FcγR polymorphisms was seen in the German SLE cohort studied. Various clinical and serological parameters were found more frequently and at younger age in homozygous patients with the genotypes IIA-R/R131 or IIIA-F/F158 than in patients with IIA-H/H131 or IIIA-V/V158. These effects were even more pronounced in patients with the low binding combined phenotypes of the FcγRIIa, IIIa (double negative phenotypes) and FcγRIIa, IIIa, and IIIb (triple negative phenotypes). In patients with the double negative IIA and IIIA genotypes significantly higher frequencies of nephritis (63% v 33%) and proteinuria according to ACR criteria (58% v 11%), anaemia (84% v 55%), and anticardiolipin antibodies (63% v 22%) were found than in patients with the double positive genotypes. Patients with the IIA-R/R131 genotype and the double negative homozygous genotype had an earlier incidence of clinical symptoms, haematological and immunological abnormalities. Accordingly, SLE is diagnosed earlier in these patients, the difference reaching statistical significance only in the double negative v the double positive genotype (26.3 v 39.5 years) and the IIIA-F/F158 genotype v the rest (26.7 v 32.0 years). Most relevant is the fact that a higher median disease activity (ECLAM score) was demonstrated, both in the IIA-R/R131 homozygous (3.3 v 2.7) and the double negative (3.4 v 2.3) patients, reaching statistical significance in the first group. Conclusion: The results of this explorative study support the view that the FcγRIIa/IIIa and IIIb polymorphisms constitute factors influencing clinical manifestations and the disease course of SLE but do not represent genetic risk factors for the occurrence of SLE. Higher frequencies of clinical symptoms, haematological and immunological abnormalities as well as an earlier onset of clinical symptoms, haematological and immunological markers of active disease were found in patients with the IIA-R/R131 genotype and the double negative and triple negative genotypes.
Characterisation of tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci in the ostrich (Struthio camelus)

1. Eleven polymorphic tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci were identified in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) using a selective enrichment protocol. 2. The average number of alleles observed was 6·6 with an average heterozygosity of 0·4. 3. The population was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and two of the loci had a greater than 95% probability of having null alleles. 4. These microsatellite loci will add to the existing pool of markers available for the ostrich and help to facilitate analysis of population structure and pedigree determination.
A Review of Peer Relationships and Friendships in Youth With ADHD

Objective: The purpose of this essay is to examine peer relationships in youth with ADHD and to review current peer functioning interventions. Method: The studies included in this review were identified using the following search terms: “attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,” “ADHD,” “peer relationships,” “friendships,” “social skills,” “intervention,” and “treatment. ” Other than a few seminal studies published prior to 2000, studies included were published between 2000 and 2012. Results/Discussion: Background information regarding peer relationship difficulties and specific social skills deficits of youth with ADHD is reviewed and current social skills and friendship intervention programs are examined. Future directions also are provided.
5-Fluorouracil Enhances Exosome-Dependent Accumulation of Polyadenylated rRNAs

ABSTRACT The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic for the treatment of solid tumors. Although 5FU slows DNA synthesis by inhibiting the ability of thymidylate synthetase to produce dTMP, the drug also has significant effects on RNA metabolism. Recent genome-wide assays for 5FU-induced haploinsufficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified genes encoding components of the RNA processing exosome as potential targets of the drug. In this report, we used DNA microarrays to analyze the effect of 5FU on the yeast transcriptome and found that the drug causes the accumulation of polyadenylated fragments of the 27S rRNA precursor and that defects in the nuclear exoribonuclease Rrp6p enhance this effect. The size distribution of these RNAs and their sensitivity to Rrp6p suggest that they are normally degraded by the nuclear exosome and a 5′-3′ exoribonuclease. Consistent with this hypothesis, 5FU inhibits the growth of RRP6 mutants with defects in the degradation function of the enzyme and it interferes with the degradation of an rRNA precursor. The detection of poly(A)+ pre-RNAs in strains defective in various steps in ribosome biogenesis suggests that the production of poly(A)+ pre-rRNAs may be a general result of defects in rRNA processing. These findings suggest that 5FU inhibits an exosome-dependent surveillance pathway that degrades polyadenylated precursor rRNAs.
Dimensions of Caring: Psychometric Evaluation of the Caring Assessment Tool

The increase in relationship-centered professional practice models has expanded the interest in the measurement of caring. Using a cross-sectional descriptive study of 557 adults from 5 acute care institutions, a factor analysis and reliability statistics were used to revise the Caring Assessment Tool. Eight independent factors (mutual problem solving, attentive reassurance, human respect, encouraging manner, appreciation of unique meanings, healing environment, affiliation needs, and basic human needs) explained 62.6% of the variance in caring. The findings provide insight into patients' assessment of caring in nursing and offer a baseline evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Caring Assessment Tool.
Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults

A meta-analytic study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that aerobic fitness training enhances the cognitive vitality of healthy but sedentary older adults. Eighteen intervention studies published between 1966 and 2001 were entered into the analysis. Several theoretically and practically important results were obtained. Most important, fitness training was found to have robust but selective benefits for cognition, with the largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes. The magnitude of fitness effects on cognition was also moderated by a number of programmatic and methodological factors, including the length of the fitness-training intervention, the type of the intervention, the duration of training sessions, and the gender of the study participants. The results are discussed in terms of recent neuroscientific and psychological data that indicate cognitive and neural plasticity is maintained throughout the life span.
Abandoning the notion of “translation-inherent” explicitation: Against a dogma of translation studies

One of the best-known hypotheses of translation studies, the Explicitation Hypothesis, postulates that explicitation is “inherent” in the process of translation and may therefore be regarded as a “universal of translation”. In recent years, a number of corpus-based studies on explicitation have been produced, most of which purport to offer evidence in favor of this hypothesis. As a consequence, the alleged universality of explicitation has achieved the status of dogma in translation studies. The aim of the present article is to show that the dogma of translation-inherent explicitation rests on fallacious theoretical considerations and premature interpretations of empirical data. In the first place, it will be argued that the Explicitation Hypothesis strictly speaking does not even qualify as a scientific hypothesis, since it is unmotivated, unparsimonious and vaguely formulated. In the second place, it will be shown that previous studies on explicitation fail to provide conclusive evidence for the transla.
Correlative Analysis of [Ca2+]C and Apical Secretion during Pollen Tube Growth and Reorientation

The maintenance of a cytosolic free calcium gradient (Ca2+]c) and vesicle secretion in the apex of pollen tubes is essential for growth. It has been postulated that high [Ca2+]c levels promote and confine vesicle fusion with the apical plasma membrane and in this study we performed a correlative analysis of both events using specific fluorescent dyes and confocal scanning microscopy. [Ca2+]c was imaged with Calcium Green-1 10 kDa dextran (CG-1) while secretory events were followed with FM1–43 or FM4–64 in pollen tubes undergoing normal growth and reorientation events. During straight growth (no modification in direction), we found that changes in apical [Ca2+]c accompany changes in apical FM fluorescence indicating a tight coupling between [Ca2+]c and apical secretion. This coupling seems however to be perturbed during periods of reorientation of the pollen tube growth axis. Analysis of apical and sub-apical fluorescent signals during the reorientation events and subsequent re-entry in straight growth indicate that the increase in secretory events (higher fusion rate) precede the increases in [Ca2+]c that should be required for the transduction of the signal. Based on these findings, we discuss a model for membrane secretion and recycling which considers the apical and sub-apical region as a functional area containing all the elements required to promote and sustain growth.
PEDIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY A Monthly Newsletter for Health Care Professionals from the University of Virginia Children ’ s Hospital Volume 12 Number 7 July 2006 Use of Oral Terbinafine in Children

lthough it is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only for adults, terbinafine may be a useful alternative to standard therapies in the management of refractory superficial fungal infections in children. Since the initial reports in 1992, over two dozen papers, including several clinical trials, have been published which support the efficacy of terbinafine in the pediatric population. This issue of Pediatric Pharmacotherapy will review the pharmacology of terbinafine and present the results of several studies describing its use in children.