Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disk Failure Prediction in Data Centers via Online Learning

Disk failure has become a major concern with the rapid expansion of storage systems in data centers. Based on SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) attributes, many researchers derive disk failure prediction models using machine learning techniques. Despite the significant developments, the majority of works rely on offline training and thereby hinder their adaption to the continuous update of forthcoming data, suffering from the 'model aging' problem. We are therefore motivated to uncover the root cause -- the dynamic SMART distribution for 'model aging', aiming to resolve the performance degradation as to pave a comprehensive study in practice. In this paper, we introduce a novel disk failure prediction model using Online Random Forests (ORFs). Our ORF-based model can automatically evolve with sequential arrival of data on-the-fly and thus is highly adaptive to the variance of SMART distribution over time. Moreover, it has favourable advantage against the offline counterparts in terms of superior prediction performance. Experiments on real-world datasets show that our ORF model converges rapidly to the offline random forests and achieves stable failure detection rates of 93-99% with low false alarm rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of our approach on maintaining stable prediction performance for the long-term usage in data centers.
Natural Course of Frailty Components in People Who Develop Frailty Syndrome: Evidence From Two Cohort Studies.

Background Frailty is an important geriatric syndrome, but little is known about its development in the years preceding onset of the syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the progression of frailty and compare the trajectories of each frailty component prior to frailty onset. Methods Repeat data were from two cohort studies: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 1440) with a 15-year follow-up and the InCHIANTI Study (n = 998) with a 9-year follow-up. Participants were classified as frail if they had >3 frailty components (exhaustion, slowness, physical inactivity, weakness, and weight loss). Transitions between frailty components were examined with multistate modeling. Trajectories of frailty components were compared among persons who subsequently developed frailty to matched nonfrail persons by using mixed effects models. Results The probabilities were 0.43, 0.40, and 0.36 for transitioning from 0 to 1 frailty component, from 1 component to 2 components, and from 2 components to 3-5 components (the frail state). The transition probability from frail to death was 0.13. Exhaustion separated frail and nonfrail groups already 9 years prior to onset of frailty (pooled risk ratio [RR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.24). Slowness (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.44-2.61), low activity (RR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.19-2.13), and weakness (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.10-1.76) separated frail and nonfrail groups 6 years prior to onset of frailty. The fifth frailty component, weight loss, separated frail and nonfrail groups only at the onset of frailty (RR = 3.36, 95% CI 2.76-4.08). Conclusions Evidence from two cohort studies suggests that feelings of exhaustion tend to emerge early and weight loss near the onset of frailty syndrome.
A healthy dietary pattern associates with a lower risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination

Background: The evidence associating diet and risk of multiple sclerosis is inconclusive. Objective: We investigated associations between dietary patterns and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination, a common precursor to multiple sclerosis. Methods: We used data from the 2003–2006 Ausimmune Study, a case–control study examining environmental risk factors for a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination, with participants matched on age, sex and study region. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Conditional logistic regression models (n = 698, 252 cases, 446 controls) were adjusted for history of infectious mononucleosis, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, smoking, race, education, body mass index and dietary misreporting. Results: We identified two major dietary patterns – healthy (high in poultry, fish, eggs, vegetables, legumes) and Western (high in meat, full-fat dairy; low in wholegrains, nuts, fresh fruit, low-fat dairy), explaining 9.3% and 7.5% of variability in diet, respectively. A one-standard deviation increase in the healthy pattern score was associated with a 25% reduced risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (adjusted odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.60, 0.94; p = 0.011). There was no statistically significant association between the Western dietary pattern and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination. Conclusion: Following healthy eating guidelines may be beneficial for those at high risk of multiple sclerosis.
Safety and effectiveness of direct acting antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with solid organ transplantation

The direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of greater than 90% in most patients. However, data evaluating DAA use in transplant patients are limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HCV treatment in this high‐risk population.
The Impact of Intraoperative Electrocorticography on Seizure Outcome After Resection of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) has been utilized in patients with tumor-associated seizures; however, its effectiveness for seizure control remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing lesionectomy with or without ECoG. METHODS Patients undergoing brain tumor resection at Boston Children's Hospital were examined retrospectively (2005-2014). Inclusion criteria involved diagnosis of a supratentorial tumor, ≥2 unequivocal seizures, and ≥6 mo follow-up. Patients with isolated cortical dysplasia or posterior fossa tumors were excluded. Logistic regression models evaluated predictors of ECoG use, and the impact of ECoG, gross total resection, and focal cortical dysplasia with tumors on seizure freedom by Engel Class and anti-epileptic drug use (AED). RESULTS A total of 119 pediatric patients were included (n = 69 males, 58%; median age, 11.3 yr). Forty-one patients (34.5%) had ECoG-guided surgery. Preoperative seizure duration and number and duration of AED use were significant predictors for undergoing ECoG. There were no differences in seizure freedom (Engel Class I) or improved Engel Score (Class I-II vs III-IV) in patients who did or did not have ECoG at 30 d, 6 mo, and 1, 2, or 5 yr. Patients undergoing ECoG required a greater number of AEDs at 6 mo (P = .01), although this difference disappeared at subsequent time intervals. Gross total resection predicted seizure freedom at 30 d and 6 mo postsurgery (P = .045). CONCLUSION This retrospective study, one of the largest evaluating the use of ECoG during tumor resection, suggests that ECoG does not provide improved seizure freedom compared to lesionectomy alone for children.
Accuracy of Motor Error Predictions for Different Sensory Signals

Detecting and evaluating errors in action execution is essential for learning. Through complex interactions of the inverse and the forward model, the human motor system can predict and subsequently adjust ongoing or subsequent actions. Inputs to such a prediction are efferent and afferent signals from various sources. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of visual as well as a combination of efferent and proprioceptive input signals to error prediction in a complex motor task. Predicting motor errors has been shown to be correlated with a neural signal known as the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN). Here, we tested how the Ne/ERN amplitude was modulated by the availability of different sensory signals in a semi-virtual throwing task where the action outcome (hit or miss of the target) was temporally delayed relative to movement execution allowing participants to form predictions about the outcome prior to the availability of knowledge of results. 19 participants practiced the task and electroencephalogram was recorded in two test conditions. In the Visual condition, participants received only visual input by passively observing the throwing movement. In the EffProp condition, participants actively executed the task while visual information about the real and the virtual effector was occluded. Hence, only efferent and proprioceptive signals were available. Results show a significant modulation of the Ne/ERN in the Visual condition while no effect could be observed in the EffProp condition. In addition, amplitudes of the feedback-related negativity in response to the actual outcome feedback were found to be inversely related to the Ne/ERN amplitudes. Our findings indicate that error prediction is modulated by the availability of input signals to the forward model. The observed amplitudes were found to be attenuated in comparison to previous studies, in which all efferent and sensory inputs were present. Furthermore, we assume that visual signals are weighted higher than proprioceptive signals, at least in goal-oriented tasks with visual targets.
Trans10, cis12‐conjugated linoleic acid exhibits a stronger antioxidant capacity than cis9, trans11‐conjugated linoleic acid in primary cultures of laying hen hepatocytes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study consisting of 2 trials was to investigate the antioxidant role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (c9, t11‐CLA and t10, c12‐CLA) and the underlying mechanism by which they act in modulating redox status in a primary laying hen hepatocyte culture. In trial 1, the cytotoxicity of CLA isomers or linoleic acid (LA) (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 &mgr;mol/L) was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐ 2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The concentration of CLA isomers or LA (25, 50, 100 &mgr;mol/L) for proper antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant enzyme activity. In trial 2, there were 5 groups: control group, cells were untreated; H2O2 group, cells were exposed to 4 mmol/L H2O2 for 2 h; c9, t11 or t10, c12 or LA group, cells were treated with c9, t11‐CLA or t10, c12‐CLA or LA for 24 h and then exposed to 4 mmol/L H2O2 for 2 h. Trial 1 showed that the non‐toxic dose range for CLA isomers was 0 to 200 &mgr;mol/L. The optimum concentration of c9, t11‐CLA and t10, c12‐CLA for trial 2 was 100 &mgr;mol/L. In trial 2, pretreatment with t10, c12‐CLA but not c9, t11‐CLA attenuated the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) group (P < 0.05). t10, c12‐CLA elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared with the H2O2 group (P < 0.05). In addition, t10, c12‐CLA up‐regulated the mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) as well as its target genes, Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and CAT (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with t10, c12‐CLA but not c9, t11‐CLA decreased Nrf2 protein expression in the cytoplasm and increased Nrf2 protein expression in the nucleus compared with the H2O2 group (P < 0.05). The results indicate that t10, c12‐CLA exhibits a stronger antioxidant capacity than c9, t11‐CLA in primary cultured laying hen hepatocytes. t10, c12‐CLA increases the activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes via facilitating nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate location and interaction with late endosomal and plasma membrane model membranes by molecular dynamics

Abstract Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea and it has been reported to have many beneficial properties against many different types of illnesses and infections. However, the exact mechanism/s underlying its biological effects are unknown. It has been previously shown that EGCG is capable of binding to and disrupting the membrane, so that some of its effects on biological systems could be ascribed to its capacity to incorporate into the biological membrane and modulate its structure. In this work, we have used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) to discern the location and orientation of EGCG in model membranes and the possible existence of specific interactions with membrane lipids. For that goal, we have used in our simulation two complex model membranes, one resembling the plasma membrane (PM) and the other one the late endosome (LE) membrane. Our results support that EGCG tends to associate with the membrane and exists inside it in a relatively stable and steady location with a low propensity to be associated with other EGCG molecules. Interestingly, EGCG forms hydrogen bonds with POPC and POPE in the PM system but POPC and BMP and no POPE in the LE. These data suggest that the broad beneficial effects of EGCG could be mediated, at least in part, through its membranotropic effects and therefore membrane functioning. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Anesthetics disrupt brain development via actions on the mTOR pathway

ABSTRACT Experiments conducted in non-human primates have recently provided new evidence supporting a longstanding concern that exposure to general anesthesia during late intrauterine life or early childhood can cause lasting cognitive deficits through harmful effects on brain development. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling system plays a key role in both normal brain development and in a wide range of developmental disorders that are characterized by cognitive deficits. Intriguingly, our recently published work shows that anesthetics can chronically alter mTOR signaling in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and that normalization of mTOR signaling can prevent anesthesia-induced perturbation of structure and function. In this addendum, we briefly discuss the putative role of mTOR in developmental anesthetic neurotoxicity.
Adolescent E-Cigarette, Hookah, and Conventional Cigarette Use and Subsequent Marijuana Use

We sought to determine whether the well-established comorbidity between combustible cigarette smoking and subsequent marijuana use in adolescence translates to e-cigarette and hookah use. BrightcoveDefaultPlayer10.1542/6138645416001PEDS-VA_2017-3616 Video Abstract OBJECTIVES: Noncigarette tobacco products may confer a risk of marijuana use similar to combustible cigarettes. We examined whether adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), hookah, or combustible cigarette use is associated with initiating and currently using marijuana as well as using both tobacco and marijuana concurrently. METHODS: Adolescents from 10 public schools in Los Angeles, California, completed in-classroom surveys at baseline (fall 2013, ninth grade) and at a 24-month follow-up (fall 2015, 11th grade). Among adolescents who never used marijuana at baseline (N = 2668), associations of baseline e-cigarette, hookah, or combustible cigarette use with ever marijuana use (initiation), current marijuana use (past 30 days), and current dual use of marijuana and these tobacco products at the 24-month follow-up were examined. RESULTS: Baseline ever versus never e-cigarette use was associated with initiation (odds ratio [OR] 3.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.69–4.90) and current (OR 3.67; 95% CI 2.51–5.36) marijuana use 24 months later. Ever versus never hookah use was associated with initiation (OR 3.55; 95% CI 2.49–5.08) and current (OR 4.10; 95% CI 2.69–6.25) marijuana use 24 months later. Similar associations were observed for combustible cigarette smoking and initiation (OR 4.30; 95% CI 2.79–6.63) and current use of marijuana (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.05–3.68). Current use of any of these tobacco products at baseline was associated with current use of both tobacco and marijuana (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.47–3.55) 24 months later. CONCLUSIONS: The association between tobacco use and subsequent marijuana use across adolescence extends to multiple tobacco products.
Validation of the cognitive recovery assessments with the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale in patients with low‐baseline cognition

Patients with pre‐surgery cognitive impairment cannot currently be assessed for cognitive recovery after surgery using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PostopQRS), as they would mathematically be scored as recovered. We aimed to validate a novel method to score cognitive recovery in patients with low‐baseline cognition, using the number of low‐score tests rather than their numerical values. Face validity was demonstrated in 86 participants in whom both the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale and an 11‐item neuropsychological battery were performed. The Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale agreed with neuropsychological categorisation of low vs. normal cognition 74% of the time, with all but five incorrectly coded participants deviating by only one neurocognitive test. Cognitive recovery over time was comparable for groups with differing baseline cognitive function, irrespective of whether the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale or neuropsychological methods were used. Discriminant validation was demonstrated in a post‐hoc analysis of the steroids in cardiac surgery substudy by allocating groups to normal (n = 246) or low‐baseline cognition (n = 231) stratified by cognitive recovery on day 1. Recovery was similar for participants with low and normal baseline cognition. Postoperative length of stay was longer in patients with failed cognitive recovery whether they had normal mean (SD) (10.4 (10.0) vs. 8.0 (5.9) days, p = 0.02) or low‐baseline cognition (12.0 (11.1) vs. 8.2 (4.7) days, p < 0.01). Overall quality, as well as cognitive, emotive and physiological recovery was independent of baseline cognition. The modified scoring method for the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale cognitive domain demonstrates acceptable face and discriminant validity.
Cellular N-myristoyltransferases play a crucial picornavirus genus-specific role in viral assembly, virion maturation, and infectivity

In nearly all picornaviruses the precursor of the smallest capsid protein VP4 undergoes co-translational N-terminal myristoylation by host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs). Curtailing this modification by mutation of the myristoylation signal in poliovirus has been shown to result in severe assembly defects and very little, if any, progeny virus production. Avoiding possible pleiotropic effects of such mutations, we here used pharmacological abrogation of myristoylation with the NMT inhibitor DDD85646, a pyrazole sulfonamide originally developed against trypanosomal NMT. Infection of HeLa cells with coxsackievirus B3 in the presence of this drug decreased VP0 acylation at least 100-fold, resulting in a defect both early and late in virus morphogenesis, which diminishes the yield of viral progeny by about 90%. Virus particles still produced consisted mainly of provirions containing RNA and uncleaved VP0 and, to a substantially lesser extent, of mature virions with cleaved VP0. This indicates an important role of myristoylation in the viral maturation cleavage. By electron microscopy, these RNA-filled particles were indistinguishable from virus produced under control conditions. Nevertheless, their specific infectivity decreased by about five hundred fold. Since host cell-attachment was not markedly impaired, their defect must lie in the inability to transfer their genomic RNA into the cytosol, likely at the level of endosomal pore formation. Strikingly, neither parechoviruses nor kobuviruses are affected by DDD85646, which appears to correlate with their native capsid containing only unprocessed VP0. Individual knockout of the genes encoding the two human NMT isozymes in haploid HAP1 cells further demonstrated the pivotal role for HsNMT1, with little contribution by HsNMT2, in the virus replication cycle. Our results also indicate that inhibition of NMT can possibly be exploited for controlling the infection by a wide spectrum of picornaviruses.
Preperitoneal Ventral Hernia Repair: A Decade Long Prospective Observational Study With Analysis of 1023 Patient Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of over a decade's experience utilizing preperitoneal ventral hernia repair (PP-VHR). BACKGROUND PP-VHR was first described by our group in 2006, and there have been no subsequent reports of outcomes with this technique. METHODS A prospective study of all PP-VHR from January, 2004 to April, 2016 was performed. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazard models were used to identify predictors of wound complications and hernia recurrence, respectively. RESULTS There were 1023 PP-VHRs. Mean age was 57.2 ± 12.6 years, BMI 33.7 ± 11.4 kg/m, defect size 210.0 ± 221.4 cm; 23.7% had diabetes, 13.9% were smokers, 68.7% were recurrent, and 23.6% incarcerated. Component separation was required in 43.6%, and a panniculectomy was performed in 30.0%. Wound complication was present in 27.3% of patients, with 1.7% having a mesh infection. In all, there were 53 (5.2%) hernia recurrences and 36 (3.9%) in the synthetic repairs, with a mean follow-up of 27.0 ± 26.4 months. On multivariate regression (odds ratio or hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval), diabetes (1.9, 1.4-3.0), panniculectomy (2.6, 1.8-3.9), and operations requiring biologic mesh were predictors of wound complications, whereas recurrent hernia repair (2.69, 1.14-6.35), biologic mesh (3.1, 1.67-5.75), and wound complications (3.01, 1.69-5.39) were predictors of hernia recurrence. CONCLUSIONS An open PP-VHR is a very effective means to repair large, complex, and recurrent hernias resulting in a low recurrence rate. Mesh choice in VHR is important and was associated with hernia recurrence and wound complications in this population.
Mother’s education and late-life disparities in memory and dementia risk among US military veterans and non-veterans

Background Adverse childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) predicts higher late-life risk of memory loss and dementia. Veterans of U.S. wars are eligible for educational and economic benefits that may offset cSES disadvantage. We test whether cSES disparities in late-life memory and dementia are smaller among veterans than non-veterans. Methods Data came from US-born men in the 1995–2014 biennial surveys of the Health and Retirement Study (n=7916 born 1928–1956, contributing n=38 381 cognitive assessments). Childhood SES was represented by maternal education. Memory and dementia risk were assessed with brief neuropsychological assessments and proxy reports. Military service (veteran/non-veteran) was evaluated as a modifier of the effect of maternal education on memory and dementia risk. We employed linear or logistic regression models to test whether military service modified the effect of maternal education on memory or dementia risk, adjusted for age, race, birthplace and childhood health. Results Low maternal education was associated with worse memory than high maternal education (β = −0.07 SD, 95% CI −0.08 to –0.05), while veterans had better memory than non-veterans (β = 0.03 SD, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.04). In interaction analyses, maternal education disparities in memory were smaller among veterans than non-veterans (difference in disparities = 0.04 SD, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08, p = 0.006). Patterns were similar for dementia risk. Conclusions Disparities in memory by maternal education were smaller among veterans than non-veterans, suggesting military service and benefits partially offset the deleterious effects of low maternal education on late-life cognitive outcomes.