Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioural responses of young anaemic Indian Children to iron-folic acid supplements

1. Behavioural responses of young anaemic Indian children to iron-folic acid supplements were assessed in two separate studies using the Indian adaptation of Wechsler's (1967) intelligence scale for children (WISC). 2. The first study was an exploratory study in which the cognitive behaviour of 5–8-year-old children of both sexes was assessed before and after supplementation with 20 mg elemental Fe and 0.1 mg folic acid given daily for a period of 60 d. 3. The supplemented children showed a significant improvement in haemoglobin (Hb) as well as the WISC scores while the control children who did not receive any supplements failed to show an improvement either in Hb or in the WISC scores. However, within the supplemented group when the initially-anaemic children were compared with the inttially-non-anaemic ones, only the 7-year-old anaemic children performed significantly poorer in the tests than the non-anaemic group of the same age. The study raised the possibility that in addition to increasing the blood Hb levels, Fe-folic acid supplements may have additional benefits in improving the cognitive performance of children. 4. In the second study, cognitive behaviour of fourteen matched pairs of anaemic children in the age-range of 5–6 years was assessed before and after supplementation with 40 mg Fe and 0.2 mg folic acid given daily in two divided doses or sugar placebos for a period of 60 d. The tester did not know the group to which each child belonged. 5. The supplemented children showed a significant improvement in Hb as well as in the verbal and performance IQ of WISC. The control children showed no improvement in Hb but their verbal IQ improved significantly. However, there was no significant improvement in their performance IQ. 6. The results indicated that Fe-folic acid supplements to anaemic children not only raised Hb levels but also improved intelligence test results, particularly in the performance section.
Psychosocial factors and health behavior among Korean adults: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE This study was an attempt to identify associations between health behavior, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, healthy diet, and physical activity, and psychosocial factors. METHODS This cross- sectional study was conducted among 1,500 participants aged between 30 and 69 years, selected from a population-based database in October 2009 through multiple-stratified random sampling. Information was collected about the participants' smoking and drinking habits, dietary behavior, level of physical activity, stress, coping strategies, impulsiveness, personality, social support, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, health communication, and sociodemographics. RESULTS Agreeableness, as a personality trait, was negatively associated with smoking and a healthy diet, while extraversion was positively associated with drinking. The tendency to consume a healthy diet decreased in individuals with perceived higher stress, whereas it increased in individuals who had access to greater social support. Self-efficacy was found to be a strong predictor of all health behaviors. Provider-patient communication and physical environment were important factors in promoting positive healthy behavior, such as consumption of a healthy diet and taking regular exercise. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial factors influence individuals' smoking and drinking habits, dietary intake, and exercise patterns.
Engineering of Escherichia coli central metabolism for aromatic metabolite production with near theoretical yield

Escherichia coli and many other microorganisms synthesize aromatic amino acids through the condensation reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate to form 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP). It has been shown that overexpression of transketolase increases the production of DAHP in an aroB mutant strain (unable to further metabolize DAHP) with elevated DAHP synthase. However, the yield (percent conversion) of DAHP from glucose is still low. Stoichiometric analysis shows that many enzymes compete for intracellular PEP. In particular, the phosphotransferase system, responsible for glucose transport in E. coli, uses PEP as a phosphate donor and converts it to pyruvate, which is less likely to recycle back to PEP. This stoichiometric limitation greatly reduces the yield of aromatic metabolites. To relieve this limitation, we overexpressed PEP synthase in the presence of glucose and showed that it increased the final concentration and the yield of DAHP by almost twofold, to a near theoretical maximum. The PEP synthase effect is not observed without overproduced transketolase, suggesting that erythrose 4-phosphate is the first limiting metabolite. This result demonstrates the utility of pathway analysis and the limitation of central metabolites in the high-level overproduction of desired metabolites.
Ubiquitylation and autophagy in the control of bacterial infections and related inflammatory responses

The ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy constitute key signalling pathways in the host response to infection. The identification of adaptors linking the two pathways has prompted a re‐examination of the latter's involvement in inflammatory reactions and the clearance of bacteria. The ubiquitin–autophagy pathway is a preferred target for effectors from pathogens that seek to exploit and evade the host defence mechanisms. A number of new players and signalling nodes have recently been identified. Here, we discuss these new insights into the host's control of bacterial infection.
Core Addiction Medicine Competencies for Doctors: An International Consultation on Training

Background Despite the high prevalence of substance use disorders, associated comorbidities, and the evidence base upon which to base clinical practice, most health systems have not invested in standardized training of health care providers in addiction medicine. As a result, people with substance use disorders often receive inadequate care, at the cost of quality of life and enormous direct health care costs and indirect societal costs. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the views of international scholars, representing different countries, on the core set of addiction medicine competencies that need to be covered in medical education. Methods A total of 13 members of the International Society of 20 Addiction Medicine (ISAM), from 12 different countries (37% response rate), were interviewed over Skype, e-mail survey, or in person at the annual conference. Content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, using constant comparison methodology. Results We identified recommendations related to the core set of the addiction medicine competencies at 3 educational levels: (i) undergraduate, (ii) postgraduate, and (iii) continued medical education (CME). The participants described broad ideas, such as knowledge/skills/attitudes towards addiction to be obtained at undergraduate level, or knowledge of addiction treatment to be acquired at graduate level, as well as specific recommendations, including the need to tailor curriculum to national settings and different specialties. Conclusions Although it is unclear whether a global curriculum is needed, a consensus on a core set of principles for progression of knowledge, attitudes, and skills in addiction medicine to be developed at each educational level amongst medical graduates would likely have substantial value.
Comparative study to evaluate anesthetic effect of Thiopentone Sodium and Propofol in electroconvulsive therapy

Introduction: In therapeutic management of psych therapy may be attenuated if an used for electroconvulsive therapy should provided smooth and rapid induction, a rapid recovery, minimal alteration of the physiological effects of antagonistic effects on seizure activity. Material and methods: In study of 120 patients with ASA grade I or II, having indication for Electroconvulsive therapy, half were randomly anaesthetized by 2.5% Thiopental Sodium with dose 3 mg/kg (Group I) and 1% Propofol in 1.5 administered for 0.5 seconds. The settings and position of the electrodes were kept constant by the psychiatrist. Pulse and Blood pressure monitoring and Seizure response were eval side effects if any. Observation: After Induction, systolic BP in the 2 Groups did not show any significant (p>0.05) difference while the diastolic BP was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the propofol group. After suxamethonium systolic and diastolic BP were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the propofol group. After completion of seizure systolic BP came down to basal level at 10 mins and diastolic BP came down to basal level at 15 mins. While in the thiopentone sodium group, the BP did even the end of 15 mins. The duration of seizure activity in the propofol group was markedly 2, Issue 6, June, 2015. 1 , Prashant J Patil 2 , Pradnya Bhalerao esthesia, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, , Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, of Anesthesia, B. J. Government Medical College & Sassoon mail.com Rupali N Patil, Prashant J Patil, Pradnya Bhalerao www.iaimjournal. com Accepted on: iatric illness the response to e esthesia that is used abolishes or inhibits seizures. An electroconvulsive therapy as well as mg/kg dose (Group II). A current of 110 volts was ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O)
Successful Treatment of Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Aluminium phosphide (ALP) is one of the most commonly used pesticides worldwide with high mortality rates. Cellular damage and cardiorespiratory failure are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity after poisoning. It is supposed that giving enough time to the patient to survive, the most critical hours after exposure may help the cardiovascular system to recover itself and save the patient's life. During a training workshop for medical extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a 28‐year‐old ALP‐poisoned male was referred to us. Fifty minutes after admission, he developed hypotension and bradycardia and was transferred to ICU. On the second venous blood gas, he had severe metabolic acidosis. After starting the patient on the routine treatment of ALP poisoning, he was a candidate for veno‐arterial (VA) ECMO. After three days, lactate level decreased and his general condition improved. On day four, the patient was completely separated from the ECMO machine with acceptable echocardiography and ejection fraction of 40%. One day later, he was extubated, sent to the ward and subsequently discharged in good condition. We suggest this method of treatment for severe ALP poisoning as well as any other poisoning that causes cell toxicity and abrupt cardiovascular or respiratory failure.
Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization may be considered medically necessary to treat liver metastasis in patients with liver-dominant metastatic uveal melanoma. Bridge to Liver Transplant Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization may be considered medicall

Bridge to Liver Transplant Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization may be considered medically necessary as a bridge to transplant in patients with hepatocellular cancer where the intent is to prevent further tumor growth and to maintain a patient’s candidacy for liver transplant when the following patient characteristics apply:  A single tumor less than 5 cm or no more than 3 tumors each less than 3 cm in size  Absence of extrahepatic disease or vascular invasion  A Child-Pugh score of either A or B
Oncogenic activation in prostate cancer progression and metastasis: Molecular insights and future challenges

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men in the United States, and currently early diagnosis and appropriate treatment remain key approaches for patient care. Molecularly prostate cancer cells carry multiple perturbations that generate malignant phenotype capable of uncontrolled growth, survival, and invasion-metastasis to other organs. These alterations are acquired both by genetic and epigenetic changes in tumor cells resulting in the activation of growth factor receptors, signaling proteins, kinases, transcription factors and coregulators, and multiple proteases required for the progression of the disease. Recent advances provide novel insights into the molecular functions of these oncogenic activators, implicating potential therapeutic targeting opportunities for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Cultivated eggplants - origin, breeding objectives and genetic resources, a review.

Brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an agronomically important nontuberous crop of Solanaceae family, native to southern India, and widely grown in Americas, Europe and Asia. Its close relatives: S. aethiopicum (scarlet eggplant) and S. macrocarpon (Gboma eggplant) are of African origin. Brinjal eggplant is a new vegetable in Poland. Until recently it was grown only in glasshouse conditions. Breeding of new eggplant cultivars and improvement of growing technology resulted in the increase of both cultivation acreage and consumption scale in Poland. For an efficient development of eggplant breeding programmes it is necessary to collect information concerning the characteristics and variety of eggplant genetic resources. The present publication includes detailed taxonomy of eggplant and its relatives, their origin and history of growing. The information connected with eggplant worldwide genetic resources and breeding objectives have been presented. Different propositions for cultivar grouping and the characteristics of selected cultivars have been taken into consideration. Agnieszka Sekara, Stanislaw Cebula, Edward Kunicki 98
Potential Productivity of Midwestern Native American Gardens

Abstract Experimental garden plots were maintained for three growing seasons on a sandy river terrace in southern Minnesota. Commonly cited yield figures for corn in Midwestern Native American gardens were tested using heirloom Northern Flint seed cultivated in a manner approximating pre-Contact horticulture. Yield was about 40 bushels/acre in the first year, declining over the next two years. Yields were considerably higher every year than historically reported averages. The test plots consisted of combinations of monocropped corn, monocropped beans, and intercropped corn and beans to determine whether there is any benefit to growing corn, beans, and squash together. No advantage in yield was found with intercropped corn, beans, and squash when planted as described in historical accounts and under the conditions of the test location. Corn was also grown both in hills and in ridges to test various hypotheses regarding the practical application of this horticultural technology.
Structural changes of atrial myocardium due to sustained atrial fibrillation in the goat.

BACKGROUND After cardioversion of sustained atrial fibrillation (AF), the electrical and contractile functions of the atria are impaired, and recurrences of AF frequently occur. Whether remodeling of the structure of atrial myocardium is the basis for this problem is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Sustained AF was induced by electrical pacing in 13 goats instrumented long-term. The goats were killed after 9 to 23 weeks, and the atrial myocardium was examined by light and electron microscopy. The changes were quantified in left and right atrial free walls, appendages, trabeculae, the interatrial septum, and the bundle of Bachmann. A substantial proportion of the atrial myocytes (up to 92%) revealed marked changes in their cellular substructures, such as loss of myofibrils, accumulation of glycogen, changes in mitochondrial shape and size, fragmentation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and dispersion of nuclear chromatin. These changes were accompanied by an increase in size of the myocytes (up to 195%). There were virtually no signs of cellular degeneration, and the interstitial space remained unaltered. The duration of sustained AF did not significantly affect the degree of myolytic cell changes. CONCLUSIONS Sustained AF in goats leads to predominantly structural changes in the atrial myocytes similar to those seen in ventricular myocytes from chronic hibernating myocardium. These structural changes may explain the depressed contractile function of atrial myocardium after cardioversion. This goat model of AF offers a new approach to study the cascade of events leading to sustained AF and its maintenance.
A national Current Research Information System for Sweden

Sweden ScienceNet is a national platform continuously collecting, structuring and providing access to key information on research projects in Sweden. It is based on the desire of the ten member universities in Sweden ScienceNet to increase the visibility of their research activities and to facilitate future collaborations and enable strategic questions about the research funding to be answered. Sweden ScienceNet has from 2012 been commissioned by the Government to the Swedish Research Council to administer and further develop in collaboration with the universities. This paper outlines the reasons why Sweden ScienceNet has succeeded where previous national initiatives in Sweden have failed, but also brings up for discussion the challenges Sweden ScienceNet is facing to ensure that it stays sustainable in the future.
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families

Malaria parasites are obligate intracellular parasites whose invasive stages select and invade the unique host cell in which they can develop with exquisite specificity and efficacy. Most studies aimed at elucidating the molecules and the mechanisms implicated in the selection and invasion processes have been conducted on the merozoite, the stage that invades erythrocytes to perpetuate the pathological cycles of parasite multiplication in the blood. Bioinformatic analysis has helped identify the members of two parasite protein families, the reticulocyte‐binding protein homologues (RBL) and erythrocyte binding like (EBL), in recently sequenced genomes of different Plasmodium species. In this article we review data from classical studies and gene disruption experiments that are helping to illuminate the role of these proteins in the selection‐invasion processes. The manner in which subsets of proteins from each of the families act in concert suggests a model to explain the ability of the parasites to use alternate pathways of invasion. Future perspectives and implications are discussed.
Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Is Not an Otologic Emergency

Objective: To investigate whether delay in treatment has any influence on the audiometric outcome at Day 30 in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Otorhinolaryngologic emergency center in Paris, France. Patients: Three hundred forty-seven consecutive cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss were examined. A neurologic or retrocochlear cause was revealed in 17 cases. Four additional cases were lost for follow-up. Three hundred twenty-six cases of “idiopathic” sensorineural hearing loss seen within 7 days of onset were enrolled and classified by type according to five audiogram shapes: low tone (Type A), flat (Type B), high tone (Type C), cup-shaped (Type D) or total or subtotal (Type E). Because of loss for follow-up, the hearing outcome at 1 month could be evaluated in only 249 cases. Intervention: All 326 patients were given 1 mg/kg per day corticosteroids intravenously for 6 days and 500 ml mannitol 10% in the subgroup presenting ascending audiometric shape. Main Outcome Measures: The following parameters were used. The first parameter was hearing recovery (initial PTA-PTA at Day 6 or Day 30). It was considered as complete if final PTA was below 25 dB. The second parameter was incidence of hearing recovery based on the following formula: (initial PTA-PTA on a given test day)/(initial PTA) × 100%. Using regression analysis and ANOVA, the audiometric outcome was analyzed at Day 6 and Day 30 as a function of the day of onset of treatment and of the audiometric type. Results: Whatever the audiometric type, there was no significant difference in final outcome whether the treatment was started within the first 24 hours or within the first week. Conclusions: Delay in initiating treatment does not appear to influence the final degree of hearing loss. Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss cannot be considered as an otologic emergency.
Secretion from the adrenal medulla: biochemical evidence for exocytosis.

Catecholamines are secreted from the adrenal gland under many physiological and experimental conditions (for a review see Coupland, 1965a). In order to explain catecholamine secretion at a cellular level, De Robertis & Vaz Ferreira (1957) suggested that the amines of the adrenal medulla may be released from the intracellular storage granules directly into the extracellular spaces by a process which was called reverse pinocytosis. This suggestion was based on evidence obtained from electron microscopy, which has since been confirmed by Coupland (1965b). chromaffin Similar observations made a mixture O0 and 5%CO2. Flow rates varied between 7 and with a rate to in most experiments. Secretion of catecholamines was induced by injection of 15 mM-carbamoylcholine chloride (Carbachol, British Drug Houses Ltd.) into the perfusion fluid immediately before the fluid entered the gland. Carbachol was injected in or less, in a series of six separate injections, each separated by 30 sec.
The ALMA-PILS survey: detection of CH3NCO towards the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293−2422 and laboratory constraints on its formation

Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) belongs to a select group of interstellar molecules considered to be relevant precursors in the formation of larger organic compounds, including those with peptide bonds. The molecule has only been detected in a couple of high-mass protostars and potentially on comets. A formation route on icy grains has been postulated for this molecule but experimental evidence is lacking. Here we ex- tend the range of environments where methyl isocyanate is found, and unambiguously identify CH3NCO through the detection of 43 unblended transitions in the ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) of the low mass solar-type protostel- lar binary IRAS 16293-2422. The molecule is detected toward both components of the binary with a ratio HNCO/CH3NCO ∼4–12. The isomers CH3CNO and CH3OCN are not identified, resulting in upper abundance ratios of CH3NCO/CH3CNO > 100 and CH3NCO/CH3OCN > 10. The resulting abundance ratios compare well with those found for related N-containing species toward high-mass protostars. To constrain its formation, a set of cryogenic UHV experiments is performed. VUV irradiation of CH4:HNCO mixtures at 20 K strongly indicate that methyl isocyanate can be formed in the solid-state through CH3 and (H)NCO recombinations. Combined with gas-grain models that include this reaction, the solid-state route is found to be a plausible sce- nario to explain the methyl isocyanate abundances found in IRAS 16293-2422. Key