Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MESSENGER observations of Mercury's dayside magnetosphere under extreme solar wind conditions

The structure of Mercury's dayside magnetosphere is investigated during three extreme solar wind dynamic pressure events. Two were the result of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and one was from a high‐speed stream (HSS). The inferred pressures for these events are ~ 45 to 65 nPa. The CME events produced thick, low‐β (where β is the ratio of plasma thermal to magnetic pressure) plasma depletion layers and high reconnection rates of 0.1–0.2, despite small magnetic shear angles across the magnetopause of only 27 to 60°. For one of the CME events, brief, ~ 1–2 s long diamagnetic decreases, which we term cusp plasma filaments, were observed within and adjacent to the cusp. These filaments may map magnetically to flux transfer events at the magnetopause. The HSS event produced a high‐β magnetosheath with no plasma depletion layer and large magnetic shear angles of 148 to 166°, but low reconnection rates of 0.03 to 0.1. These results confirm that magnetic reconnection at Mercury is very intense, and its rate is primarily controlled by plasma β in the adjacent magnetosheath. The distance to the subsolar magnetopause is reduced during these events from its mean of 1.45 Mercury radii (RM) from the planetary magnetic dipole to between 1.03 and 1.12 RM. The shielding provided by induction currents in Mercury's interior, which temporarily increase Mercury's magnetic moment, was negated by reconnection‐driven magnetic flux erosion.
Predictors of time-to-contraceptive use from resumption of sexual intercourse after birth among women in Uganda.

Globally, there is extant literature on patterns and dynamics of postpartum contraceptive use with hardly any evidence examining time-to-contraceptive use from resumption of sexual intercourse after birth among women in Uganda. Methods. The analysis was based on data from 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey on a sample of 2983 married women with a birth in the past three years preceding the survey and had resumed sexual intercourse. A time-to-contraceptive use was adopted in the analysis using life tables based on the Kaplan-Meier estimates, while the Log-Rank Chi-square tests assessed the variables to be included in regression analysis. Cox-Proportional Hazard regression was run to identify the predictors of time-to-contraceptive use among postpartum women in Uganda. Sampling weights were applied in the analysis to ensure representativeness. Results. The median time-to-contraceptive use was 19 months (range 0–24). Time to adoption of modern contraceptive use was significantly longer among women with no formal education, residing in northern region, who ( , CI: 0.40–0.78) had delivered at home/traditional birth attendant ( , CI: 0.60–0.93), had 1–3 antenatal care visits ( , CI: 0.70–0.98), and were in poorest wealth quintile. Conclusions. Measures for enhancing modern contraceptive use during and after the postpartum period should focus on (i) addressing hindrances in accessing family planning, particularly among poor and noneducated women; (ii) integration of family planning service delivery into routine ANC through counseling; and (iii) promoting deliveries in health facilities.
Personality Traits, Loneliness and Mental Health among HIV Clinic Attendeesin a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

Background:Personality traits, loneliness and mental health are conditions often evaluated in patients with chronic, disabling or stigmatizing conditions. These conditions contribute to the health seeking behavior and outcome of management of diseases especially in stigmatizing illnesses like HIV/AIDS. This study therefore assessed the prevalence of personality traits, loneliness and mental health among HIV/AIDS clinic attendees in a Nigerian tertiary health institution. Method: The general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Big Five Personality Inventory and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale, version 3, were used to assess a total of 310 HIV/AIDS clinic attendees in a Nigerian tertiary health institution for prevalence of personality traits, loneliness and mental health. Results: The various aspects of personality traits differed in their prevalence. The most prevalent was openness (27.4%), followed by neuroticism (25.5%), conscientiousness (19.0%), agreeableness (15.5%) and extraversion (12.6%). About 33.2% of the subjects indicated experiencing frequent loneliness, while 11.9% indicated severe loneliness. Furthermore 32.9% showed the presence of mental health problems as against 67.1% who indicated absence of mental health problems. Conclusion: This study revealed the prevalence of various forms of personality traits, loneliness and presence of mental health problems among the subjects.
An investigation into the role of capping on second harmonic generation from nonlinear organic polymer and guest-host thin films by in-situ poling.

In attempts to fabricate thermally stable second-order nonlinear polymer thin films, we have investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) from both nonlinear polymer and guest-host thin films. We have also investigated the role of capping on the SHG, temporal stability and relaxation of dipole alignment. Corona poling techniques were employed to orient the dopants into the noncentrosymmetric structure required to obtain the SHG. The effect of capping with a polymeric encapsulant below the glass transition temperature of the polymers on the unpoled and corona poled thin films was studied. Capping of the nonlinear polymer and guest host thin films have resulted in high SHG with good temporal stability. SHG signal falls drastically during the first 8 days after poling while no further significant decay in SHG signal was observed after about 33 days. Our investigations have identified the characteristics required for a good encapsulant on a non-con-ductive surface.
Deformed and twisted black holes with NUTs

We construct a new class of vacuum black hole solutions whose geometry is deformed and twisted by the presence of NUT charges. The solutions are obtained by ‘unspinning’ the general Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetimes, effectively switching off some of their rotation parameters. The resulting geometry has a structure of warped space with the Kerr-like Lorentzian part warped to a Euclidean metric of a deformed and/or twisted sphere, with the deformation and twist characterized by the ‘Euclidean NUT’ parameters. In the absence of NUTs, the solution reduces to a well known Kerr-(A)dS black hole with several rotations switched off. New geometries inherit the original symmetry of the Kerr-NUT-(A)dS family, namely, they possess the full Killing tower of hidden and explicit symmetries. As expected, for vanishing NUT, twist, and deformation parameters, the symmetry is further enlarged.
A Review of Commonly Used Prosthetic Feet for Developing Countries: A Call for Research and Development

Major advances in research and development of prosthetic feet have increased the function and quality of life for many individuals with lower limb amputations residing in industrialized nations in the last two decades. A negative aspect of this new RD demographics, engineering, materials, design and current issues in order to help guide the future of low-cost prosthetic foot development. Of all the prosthetic feet reviewed only two of (>25) low-cost prosthetic feet have passed international standards organization testing (ISO). Based on the available research the current prosthetic feet feasibly available to individuals with lower limb amputations in developing nations fall short in providing durable, cost effective and/or biomechanically appropriate options. It is our belief that through standardized testing and research a more versatile foot can be designed and manufactured to be functional and affordable in developing countries. End user feedback directly from the majority will help direct future research and development so developing countries can have an optimal, yet logical option for prosthetic feet.
Correlations between Student Discussion Behavior, Attitudes, and Learning.

An important result of Physics Education Research is that students’ learning and success in a course is correlated with their beliefs, attitudes, and expectations regarding physics. However, it is hard to assess these beliefs for individual students, and traditional survey instruments such as the Maryland Physics Expectations Survey (MPEX) are intended to evaluate the impact of one or more semesters of instruction on an overall class and improve teaching. In this study, we investigate the possibility of using the analysis of online student discussion behavior as an indicator of an individual student’s approach to physics. These discussions are not tainted by the effects of self-reporting, and are gathered in authentic non-research settings, where students attempt to solve problems in the way that they belief is most efficient and appropriate. We calculate the correlation of both MPEX and student discussions with different measures of student learning, and find that on an individual base, student discussions are a stronger predictor of success than MPEX outcomes.
Application of Deep Sea Water (DSW) for Nutrient Supplement in Hydroponics Cultivation of Tomato : Effect of supplemented DSW at Different EC Levels on Fruit Properties

Deep sea water (DSW) has the potential characteristics for nutrient supplement in hydroponics cultivation. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the application of DSW as a nutrient supplement for tomato cultivation in hydroponics system. Tomatoes were grown on 4 beds in nutrient film technique (NFT) system circulated with 1.5 dS m -1 (control), 10 dS m -1 15 dS m -1 and 20 dS m -1 of nutrient solution, respectively. DSW was supplemented into nutrient solution of control to obtain high EC level. Fresh weight of fruits decreased varied from 10-20% by increasing DSW concentration in nutrient solution, but the effect of the treatment was not found on size of 3 rd truss fruits. The density of fruits increased as the DSW concentration increased in nutrient solution. Tomato stiffness of treated plants had almost the same value among EC levels although different among 3 trusses. Fruit quality parameters increased by increasing the DSW concentration in nutrient solution. Treated plants circulated with EC 20 dS m -1 supplemented nutrient solution for 2 weeks produced tomatoes with highest soluble solids, 8.0% Brix or increased 30% of control (1 st truss). However there were no significant effect on fruits of 2 nd and 3 rd trusses. DSW could be used as nutrient supplement for hydroponics cultivation of tomato. Key words : Deep sea water, fruit quality, electrical conductivity, tomato
Encouraging Latino Students through Relational Teaching: A Case Study in Lawrence, Massachusetts

Within the next 10 years, the majority-minority ratio in the United States will shift, and people of color will outnumber white Americans. In 2014, for the first time in history, a majority of students in K-12 were children of color. Although the student demographic of public schools has changed, the demographic of teachers and the style of teaching remain archaic and catered to white students. This qualitative study focuses on the lowest educated population in the U.S. – Latino youth. The project is a case study on a highly concentrated Latino community in the city of Lawrence, Massachusetts, where 71% of its children live in households with an income below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level and 33% of residents age 25 and older have not completed high school (Community Commons, 2012; U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). This study explores what factors influence Latino students’ educational attainment from the perspective of former high school graduates and dropouts. Five different focus groups were created from this population, which allowed for discussions on the Latino student experience, access to resources that factored into school completion and the role of local leaders. Through these discussions and participant suggestions, this research draws conclusions on ways to improve Lawrence’s youth development practices in hopes of counteracting the city’s high dropout rate.
Stellar rotation periods determined from simultaneously measured Ca II H&K and Ca II IRT lines

Aims. Previous studies have shown that, for late-type stars, activity indicators derived from the Ca ii infrared-triplet (IRT) lines are correlated with the indicators derived from the Ca ii HK we find good agreement for stars with already existing literature values. In a few cases the computed periodograms show a complicated structure with multiple peaks, meaning that formally different periods are derived in different indices. We show that in one case, this is due to data sampling effects and argue that denser cadence sampling is necessary to provide credible evidence for differential rotation. However, our TIGRE data for HD 101501 shows good evidence for the presence of differential rotation.
Predictive Implication of Initial Electrocardiogram and Creatine Kinase for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Aim: Our aim was to determine the clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG) and biochemical predictors of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Patients with STEMI admitted in Loghman Hakim hospital were studied. The ECG variables were: ECG rate, ECG rhythm, QRS duration, sum of absolute ST deviation (in all, inferior and anterior leads), number of leads with ST elevation, maximum ST elevation, presence of pathological Q waves and location of the infarct. The primary outcome measure was LVEF ≤ 40%. Results: A total of 124 patients (91 male, 33 female) were studied. Mean age of the patients was 59.1 years (SD=12.6). Of these, 52 patients (44.4%) had an LVEF ≤ 40% and angiography was recommended to 68 patients (54.8%) at the time of discharge. The multivariate analysis showed an association of LVEF ≤ 40% with prior MI, diabetes, maximum creatine kinase (CK) levels, the sum of absolute ST deviation in all and inferior leads. Conclusions: The initial ECG and CK levels in patients with STEMI may contain valuable information for risk stratification, determination of prognosis and the subsequent management plan. The results of this study warrant further studies to define patients who benefit most from invasive and sophisticated interventions.
Chemical induction of mixis in the rotifer Synchaeta tremula

produced only 0.3% mictic offspring. Conditioned water isolated from exponentially growing mass cultures induced significantly higher levels of mixis in the offspring of individually cultured females, when compared with untreated control medium (15.7 versus 1.4% mixis). In S. tremula, the propensity of females to respond to the mixis chemical decreased strongly with age. The highest proportion of mictic offspring (up to 63%) was produced by females of the youngest adult age class (� 24-48 h old). Females older than 3 days were virtually unresponsive to the mixis stimulus.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SILTY SAND: EFFECT OF GRADING CHARACTERISTICS

Resume : The liquefaction susceptibility of saturated medium sand-silt mixture samples is evaluated by monotonic undrained triaxial laboratory tests that were carried out on reconstituted specimens at various relative densities (Dr = 17 and 91%) and a constant confining pressure (3’= 100 kPa). The test results were used to conclude on the effect of grading characteristics and other parameters on the liquefaction resistance of the sand-silt mixtures. The test results indicate that the undrained shear strength at the peak can be correlated to the coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and the average diameter (D50). Indeed, they decrease linearly with the increase of the uniformity coefficient and decrease of the average diameter. It is found that a relationship between the static liquefaction resistance and any of the diameters (D10 or D50) and the coefficient of uniformity (Cu) would be more realistic than to build a relation between the coefficient of gradation (Cc) and the static liquefaction resistance.
Effect of chitosan on the performance of NiMoP-supported catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene

Chitosan-added NiMoP catalysts supported on alumina and alumina-titania were studied in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The preparation of catalysts containing Mo (12 wt%), Ni (3 wt%), P (1.6 wt%), and chitosan/nickel = 2 (mol ratio) was accomplished by sequential pore-filling impregnation varying the order of chitosan integration. Materials were characterized by DRIFTS, TPR, TG-DTA, and XPS techniques. The TG-DTA study showed that the nature of the support influences the degradation of chitosan onto the catalytic materials and also influences the HDS of DBT and the product distribution as well. The series of catalysts supported on alumina presented the most remarkable effect of chitosan, in which the OH and NH groups of the organic molecule interact with acid sites of the support weakening the interaction between alumina and deposited metal phases. In all cases, DBT was converted mainly through direct sulfur removal. The catalysts ChP3/A (alumina support impregnated with chitosan in phosphoric acid solution, prior to NiMoP deposition) and ChP4/AT (alumina-titania support impregnated with NiMoP solution, prior to contacting with a solution comprising chitosan and phosphorus) exhibited the best performance in HDS reactions and also showed the highest selectivity in biphenyl formation. Presence of carbonaceous residua on the catalyst's surface, as shown by XPS, could enhance the HDS activity over the ChP4/AT sample.
A POPULATION OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES IN DWARF STARBURST GALAXIES UP TO REDSHIFT = 1.5

We study a sample of ∼50,000 dwarf starburst and late-type galaxies drawn from the COSMOS survey with the aim of investigating the presence of nuclear accreting black holes (BHs) as those seed BHs from which supermassive BHs could grow in the early universe. We divide the sample into five complete redshift bins up to z = 1.5 and perform an X-ray stacking analysis using the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey data. After removing the contribution from X-ray binaries and hot gas to the stacked X-ray emission, we still find an X-ray excess in the five redshift bins that can be explained by nuclear accreting BHs. This X-ray excess is more significant for z < 0.5 ? > . At higher redshifts, these active galactic nuclei could suffer mild obscuration, as indicated by the analysis of their hardness ratios. The average nuclear X-ray luminosities in the soft band are in the range 1039–1040 erg s−1. Assuming that the sources accrete at ≥1% the Eddington rate, their BH masses would be ≤105 M ⊙ ? > , thus in the intermediate-mass BH regime, but their mass would be smaller than the one predicted by the BH-stellar mass relation. If instead the sources follow the correlation between BH mass and stellar mass, they would have sub-Eddington accreting rates of ∼10−3 and BH masses 1–9 × 105 M ⊙ ? > . We thus conclude that a population of intermediate-mass BHs exists in dwarf starburst galaxies, at least up to z = 1.5, though their detection beyond the local universe is challenging due to their low luminosity and mild obscuration unless deep surveys are employed.
Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title The More the Merrier ? Examining Three Interaction

While high interactivity is one of the key characteristics of oneon-one human tutoring, a great deal of controversy surrounds the issue of whether interactivity is indeed the key feature of tutorial dialogue that impacts students’ learning. In this paper we investigate three interaction hypotheses: a widely-believed monotonic interactivity hypothesis, a better supported interaction plateau hypothesis, and our tactical interaction hypothesis. The monotonic interaction hypothesis predicts that increasing interactivity causes an increase in learning; the plateau hypothesis states that increasing interactivity yields increasing learning until it hits a plateau, and further increases in interactivity do not cause noticeable increases in learning. Finally, the tactical interaction hypothesis predicts that interactivity only increases learning when interactions are guided by effective tutorial tactics. In this paper, we examine each hypothesis in the context of an empirical study, the results of which support the tactical interaction hypothesis.
Twin radio relics in the nearby low-mass galaxy cluster Abell 168

We report the discovery of twin radio relics in the outskirts of the low-mass merging galaxy cluster Abell 168 (redshift=0.045). One of the relics is elongated with a linear extent $\sim$ 800 kpc, a projected width of $\sim$ 80 kpc and is located $\sim$ 900 kpc toward the north of the cluster center, oriented roughly perpendicular to the major axis of the X-ray emission. The second relic is ring-shaped with a size $\sim$ 220 kpc and is located near the inner edge of the elongated relic at a distance of $\sim$ 600 kpc from the cluster center. These radio sources were imaged at 323 and 608 MHz with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope and at 1520 MHz with the Karl G Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The elongated relic was detected at all the frequencies with a radio power at 1.4 GHz of 1.38$\pm 0.14 \times 10^{23}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ having a power law in the frequency range 70 - 1500 MHz (S$\propto \nu^{\alpha}, \alpha = -1.1 \pm 0.04$). This radio power is in good agreement with that expected from the known empirical relation between the radio powers of relics and the host cluster masses. This is the lowest mass (M$_{500}$ = 1.24$\times$10$^{14}$ M$_{o}$) cluster in which relics due to merger shocks are detected. The ring-shaped relic has a steeper spectral index ($\alpha$) of -1.74$\pm$0.29 in the frequency range 100 - 600 MHz. We propose this relic to be an old plasma revived due to adiabatic compression by the outgoing shock which produced the elongated relic.
Simulating black carbon and dust and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow: a case study over North China with field campaign measurements

Abstract. A state-of-the-art regional model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (Skamarock et al., 2008) coupled with a chemistry component (Chem) (Grell et al., 2005), is coupled with the snow, ice, and aerosol radiative (SNICAR) model that includes the most sophisticated representation of snow metamorphism processes available for climate study. The coupled model is used to simulate black carbon (BC) and dust concentrations and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow over North China in January–February of 2010, with extensive field measurements used to evaluate the model performance. In general, the model simulated spatial variability of BC and dust mass concentrations in the top snow layer (hereafter BCS and DSTS, respectively) are consistent with observations. The model generally moderately underestimates BCS in the clean regions but significantly overestimates BCS in some polluted regions. Most model results fall within the uncertainty ranges of observations. The simulated BCS and DSTS are highest with > 5000 ng g−1 and up to 5 mg g−1, respectively, over the source regions and reduce to