Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE CAVITY FIELD FLATNESS AND EFFECT OF THE PHASE REFERENCE LINE ERRORS ON THE BEAM DYNAMICS OF THE ESS LINAC

The particle longitudinal dynamics is affected by errors on the phase and amplitude of the electro-magnetic field in each cavity that cause emittance growth, beam degradation and losses. One of the causes of the phase error is the change of the ambience temperature in the LINAC tunnel, in the stub and in the klystron gallery that induces a phase drift of the signal travelling through the cables and radio frequency components. The field flatness error of each multiple cell cavity is caused by volume perturbation, cell to cell coupling, tuner penetration, etc. In this paper the influences of these two types of errors on the beam dynamics are studied and tolerances for keeping beam quality within acceptable limits are determined.
Removal of cadmium and cyanide from aqueous solutions through electrodialysis

The discharge of galvanic industry wastewaters containing heavy metals and cyanide is one of the largest sources of water pollution. The use of the electrodialysis technique for the treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 0.0089 mol L-1 cadmium and 0.081 mol L-1 cyanide was studied using a five-compartment electrodialysis cell. The results demonstrate that the removal of cadmium and cyanide depends on the applied current density and it is limited by the precipitation of cadmium on the cation-exchange membrane in the diluate central cell compartment.
Dilatancy of granular materials in a strain space multiple mechanism model

A granular material consists of an assemblage of particles with contacts newly formed or disappeared, changing the micromechanical structures during macroscopic deformation. These structures are idealized through a strain space multiple mechanism model as a twofold structure consisting of a multitude of virtual two‐dimensional mechanisms, each of which consists of a multitude of virtual simple shear mechanisms of one‐dimensional nature. In particular, a second‐order fabric tensor describes direct macroscopic stress–strain relationship, and a fourth‐order fabric tensor describes incremental relationship. In this framework of modeling, the mechanism of interlocking defined as the energy less component of macroscopic strain provides an appropriate bridge between micromechanical and macroscopic dilative component of dilatancy. Another bridge for contractive component of dilatancy is provided through an obvious hypothesis on micromechanical counterparts being associated with virtual simple shear strain. It is also postulated that the dilatancy along the stress path beyond a line slightly above the phase transformation line is only due to the mechanism of interlocking and increment in dilatancy due to this interlocking eventually vanishing for a large shear strain. These classic postulates form the basis for formulating the dilatancy in the strain space multiple mechanism model. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated through simulation of undrained behavior of sand under monotonic and cyclic loading. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Tutorial on Quantitative Trajectory Evaluation for Visual(-Inertial) Odometry

In this tutorial, we provide principled methods to quantitatively evaluate the quality of an estimated trajectory from visual(-inertial) odometry (VO/VIO), which is the foundation of benchmarking the accuracy of different algorithms. First, we show how to determine the transformation type to use in trajectory alignment based on the specific sensing modality (i.e., monocular, stereo and visual-inertial). Second, we describe commonly used error metrics (i.e., the absolute trajectory error and the relative error) and their strengths and weaknesses. To make the methodology presented for VO/VIO applicable to other setups, we also generalize our formulation to any given sensing modality. To facilitate the reproducibility of related research, we publicly release our implementation of the methods described in this tutorial.
Status of the physics of substellar objects project

A full understanding of the properties of substellar objects is one of the major challenges facing astrophysics. Since their discovery in 1995, hundreds of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets have been discovered. While these discoveries have enabled important comparisons with theory, observational progress has been much more rapid than the theoretical understanding of cool atmospheres. The reliable determination of mass, abundances, gravities and temperatures is not yet possible. The key problem is that substellar objects emit their observable radiation in the infrared region of the spectrum where our knowledge of atomic, molecular and line broadening data is poor. Here we report on the status of our PoSSO (Physics of SubStellar Objects) project. In order to understand brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets increasing more like those in our solar system, we are studying a wide range of processes. Here we give an update on the project and sketch an outline of atoms, molecules and processes requiring study.
FEEDING ECOLOGY OF TAWNY OWL (STRIX ALUCO) IN WIGRY NATIONAL PARK (NORTH EAST POLAND)

In 1989–1991, the feeding ecology of Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) was studied in Wigry National Park (NE Poland). Diet composition was investigated by analysis of pellets gathered in stands under roost trees or nest boxes from April to August in 3-5 home ranges each year. In order to assess potential prey, small animals were caught in 28 traps. Small mammals composed 66.5% of prey items and 78.9% of food biomass of Tawny Owl, birds - 8.1% and 13.9%, and frogs - 17.4% and 6.8% of prey and biomass, respectively. The diet was dominated by rodents, mainly bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and common vole (Microtus arvalis), which together composed 37.0% of prey items and 37.2% of the biomass consumed. Among birds, the most common prey was Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos). Slightly preferred prey were field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), short-tailed vole (Microtus agrestis) and bank vole. One pellet contained 1-11 (mean 2.34 ± 0.09) prey items. Amphibians were the most numerous during May and June.
Demographic consequences of translocation of overabundant Canada geese breeding in urban areas

Translocation is a common tool for managing nuisance Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in urban areas across North America. However, no previous research has assessed how translocation affects survival and philopatry at donor and release sites. Such information is required for managers to decide if translocation is a suitable intervention to reach their management objectives. We used a joint multistate-dead recovery mark-recapture analysis to retrospectively measure the effects of translocation on survival and fidelity of immature and adult Canada geese (n = 2,946 marked individuals). Between 2009 and 2013, geese from Wascana Centre, an urban park in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, were subject to translocation to Cumberland Lake, a remote lake more than 400 km away. Survival varied between immature (mean annual survival = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.24–0.40) and adult (mean annual survival = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.69–0.75) geese, but translocation had no effect on survival probability. However, translocated immature geese had a lower mean probability of returning to Wascana (0.11, 95% CI = 0.07–0.18) compared to adult geese (0.83, 95% CI = 0.77–0.88). Translocation is unlikely to lead to a reduction in population density in our system given that translocation does not influence survival and adults return at high rates after being moved. If translocation is the only management option available, then the focus should be on immature geese. If translocation is used as a management option to minimize the number of geese that would need to be lethally removed, then managers should translocate immature geese and cull adult geese to reach management objectives. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Exploring a consumption value model for Islamic mobile banking adoption

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore a consumption values model for Islamic mobile banking acceptance and to identify any differences in perceived consumption values between Muslims and non-Muslims towards the use of Islamic mobile banking services. Design/methodology/approach – Using an online survey method, a sample of 183 was collected and the partial least squares (PLS) method was used to evaluate the model and validate hypothesis, as it is ideal for assessing both the psychometric properties of all scales and, subsequently, to test the structural relationships proposed in the model. Findings – Empirical results via the PLS method demonstrates that the result satisfactorily explains the adoption of Islamic mobile banking and further demonstrates the use of the consumption values model as an alternate approach for technology adoption. The consumption values model approach appears to have a stronger fit for Muslims than non-Muslims with 66.6 per cent of the variance explained and a goodness.
Modeling sea ice production and dense shelf water formation in coastal polynyas around East Antarctica

[1] Using an ice-ocean coupled model with fine horizontal resolution around East Antarctica, sea ice production and dense shelf water (DSW) formation in coastal polynyas are investigated. The model reproduces well the locations of coastal polynyas and the high sea ice production there. DSW is formed over the continental shelves under a number of coastal polynyas. A threshold density, beyond which net production of DSW takes place, is largely different among coastal polynyas. The densest and most vigorous DSW formation occurs in the Cape Darnley and Mertz-Ninnis Glacier polynyas followed by somewhat less but still significant DSW formation in the Prydz-Barrier and Vincennes polynyas. Assuming mixing of the DSW outflowing across the shelf break with typical Modified Circumpolar Deep Water over the continental slope, the maximum possible formation rate of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is estimated to be 7.58 Sv around East Antarctica between 60°E and 150°E, with the Cape Darnley and Mertz-Ninnis Glacier polynyas exhibiting the most active formation rates of 2.13 and 1.97 Sv, respectively. From a series of numerical experiments, it is found that the treatment of coastline and grounded icebergs has a large impact on both sea ice production and formation of DSW and AABW.
A System for Adaptive High-Variability Segmental Perceptual Training: Implementation, Effectiveness, Transfer.

Abstract Many types of L2 phonological perception are often difficult to acquire without instruction. These difficulties with perception may also be related to intelligibility in production. Instruction on perception contrasts is more likely to be successful with the use of phonetically variable input made available through computer-assisted pronunciation training. However, few computer-assisted programs have demonstrated flexibility in diagnosing and treating individual learner problems or have made effective use of linguistic resources such as corpora for creating training materials. This study introduces a system for segmental perceptual training that uses a computational approach to perception utilizing corpusbased word frequency lists, high variability phonetic input, and text-to-speech technology to automatically create discrimination and identification perception exercises customized for individual learners. The effectiveness of the system is evaluated in an experiment with pre-and post-test design, involving 32 adult Russian-speaking learners of English as a foreign language. The participants’ perceptual gains were found to transfer to novel voices, but not to untrained words. Potential factors underlying the absence of word-level transfer are discussed. The results of the training model provide an example for replication in language teaching and research settings.
Ritz Type VSL Cosmology

This article develops a variable-speed-of-light (VSL) cosmology model. VSL has been used previously in cosmology models, in which either (i) the physical constants vary over time or (ii) the Lorentz invariance is broken locally. VSL is also allowed in the relativevelocity-based approach, which is used in the current article to propose a VSL-type cosmology model. Additionally, the article evaluates the model's potential to match current cosmological observations.
IN VITRO SCREENING FOR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CYCLOPENTANESPIRO-5-HYDANTOIN AND ITS FOUR DERIVATIVES AGAINST POTATO TUBER MOTH, PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)

This article presents in vitro evaluation of the insecticidal activity of cyclopentanespiro-5-hydantoin, cyclopentanespiro-5-(2,4-dithiohydantoin), 4-(2-hydroxyethylimino)-cyclopentanespiro-5-(2-thiohydantoin), cyclopentanespiro-5-(2-thiohydantoin) and 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid on the first instar larvae of the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). It was found out that the 4-(2hydroxyethylimino)-cyclopentanespiro-5-(2-thiohydantoin) manifest a strong effectiveness towards the tested pest.
Response of Growing Rabbits to Feed Restriction and Some Additives on Performance, Carcass and Hepatic Gene Expression under Egyptian Summer Conditions

This work aimed to study the response of growing female NZW rabbits to quantitative feed restriction (FR) at 60% of ad-libitum applied and the effect of adding either copper sulfate (CuSO4) and/or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCo3) to drinking water on performance and hepatic expression of apolipoprotein (apoA1), lipoprotein (cholesteryl ester transfer protein CETP, hepatic lipase HL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) during the summer period. Over the fattening period, rabbits fed AL during RES period (28-49 day of age) were significantly higher in most growth performance (GP) than RES-group, but all hepatic expression of genes tested decreased in feed restrictions group when compared to control on the other hand, adding either CuSO4 or NaHCo3 to drinking water slightly insignificant increase the expression of all the tested gens. When RES. rabbits fed freely after restriction (49-84 days of age). Logically, feed intake (FI) was significantly increased for AL group during FR period while, it was nearly similar, but FCE was more favorable for RES group throughout the whole period. Also, performance index (PI) was significantly higher for RES-groups. All values of carcass traits were significantly affected by FR. However, adding either CuSO4 or NaHCo3 to drinking water decreased GP during FR period. It can be concluded that FR had no significant effect on GP and slight decrease in gene expression for IGF-1 and lipoprotein gens, so it can applied FR to produce at slaughter age, rabbits with the same LBW of rabbits fed AL. Also, CuSO4 or NaHCo3 in drinking water is more practical to alleviate of heat load under the summer condition of Egypt.
An Asymptotically Safe Guide to Quantum Gravity and Matter

Asymptotic safety generalizes asymptotic freedom and could contribute to understanding physics beyond the Standard Model. It is a candidate scenario to provide an ultraviolet extension for the effective quantum field theory of gravity through an interacting fixed point of the Renormalization Group. Recently, asymptotic safety has been established in specific gauge-Yukawa models in four dimensions in perturbation theory, providing a starting point for asymptotically safe model building. Moreover, an asymptotically safe fixed point might even be induced in the Standard Model under the impact of quantum fluctuations of gravity in the vicinity of the Planck scale. This review contains an overview of the key concepts of asymptotic safety, its application to matter and gravity models, exploring potential phenomenological implications and highlighting open questions.
Testing the photoinhibition model of coral bleaching using chemical inhibitors

Explants of the hard coral Seriatopora hystrix were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the herbicide diuron DCMU (N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl,-N,N-dimethylurea)) and the heavy metal copper. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence techniques were used to assess the effects on the photosynthetic efficiency of the algal symbionts in the tissue (in Symbio), and chlorophyll fluorescence and counts of symbiotic algae (normalised to surface area) were used to assess the extent of coral bleaching. At 30 mug DCMU l(-1), there was a reduction in both the maximum effective quantum yield (DeltaF/F-m') and maximum potential quantum yield (F-v/F-m) of the algal symbionts in symbio. Corals subsequently lost their algal symbionts and discoloured (bleached), especially on their upper sunlight-exposed surfaces. At the same DCMU concentration but under low light (5% of growth irradiance), there was a marked reduction in DeltaF/F-m' but only a slight reduction in F-v/F-m and slight loss of algae. Loss of algal symbionts was also noted after a 7 d exposure to concentrations as low as 10 mug DCMU l(-1) under normal growth irradiance, and after 14 d exposure to 10 mug DCMU l(-1) under reduced irradiance. Collectively the results indicate that DCMU-induced bleaching is caused by a light-dependent photoinactivation of algal symbionts, and that bleaching occurs when F-v/F-n, (measured 2 h after sunset) is reduced to a value of less than or equal to 0.6. Elevated copper concentrations (60 mug Cu l(-1) for 10 h) also induced a rapid bleaching in S. hystrix but without affecting the quantum yield of the algae in symbio. Tests with isolated algae indicated that substantially higher concentrations (300 mug Cu l(-1) for 8 h) were needed to significantly reduce the quantum yield. Thus, copper-induced bleaching occurs without affecting the algal photosynthesis and may be related to effects on the host (animal). It is argued that warm-water bleaching of corals resembles both types of chemically induced bleaching, suggesting the need for an integrated model of coral bleaching involving the effect of temperature on both host (coral) and algal symbionts.
INVITED REVIEW: PART OF A HIGHLIGHT ON TRAITS WITH ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS A functional trait perspective on plant invasion

† Background and Aims Global environmental change will affect non-native plant invasions, with profound potential impacts on native plant populations, communities and ecosystems. In this context, we review plant functional traits, particularly those that drive invader abundance (invasiveness) and impacts, as well as the integration of these traits across multiple ecological scales, and as a basis for restoration and management. † Scope We review the concepts and terminology surrounding functional traits and how functional traits influence processes at the individual level. We explore how phenotypic plasticity may lead to rapid evolution of novel traits facilitating invasiveness in changing environments and then ‘scale up’ to evaluate the relative importance of demographic traits and their links to invasion rates. We then suggest a functional trait framework for assessing per capita effects and, ultimately, impacts of invasive plants on plant communities and ecosystems. Lastly, we focus on the role of functional trait-based approaches in invasive species management and restoration in the context of rapid, global environmental change. † Conclusions To understand how the abundance and impacts of invasive plants will respond to rapid environmental changes it is essential to link trait-based responses of invaders to changes in community and ecosystem properties. To do so requires a comprehensive effort that considers dynamic environmental controls and a targeted approach to understand key functional traits driving both invader abundance and impacts. If we are to predict future invasions, manage those at hand and use restoration technology to mitigate invasive species impacts, future research must focus on functional traits that promote invasiveness and invader impacts under changing conditions, and integrate major factors driving invasions from individual to ecosystem levels.
Corrugation and Buckling Defects in Wound Rolls

Sheet metal, paper, and polymer webs are often stored and processed as large rolls comprising thousands of layers. Depending on the elastic properties of the web material, the roll's dimensions, the type of core, and the winding tension, the stresses that develop within the roll can be sufficiently high to cause local or gross buckling defects to form. For instance, the cylindrical core onto which the web is wound can collapse, a failure mode that is termed "v-buckling. " In other cases, while the core might remain intact, a group of layers interior to the roll can wrinkle into a near-sinusoidal corrugated pattern around the circumference. This paper examines such "starring " defects analytically and experimentally. Measurements on a laboratory-scale web transport system are used to validate the model, and to identify conditions where no defects occur and the roll has acceptable quality, where starring patterns develop, and where v-buckling occurs. For particular core and web materials, the tension and diameter are the primary variables that influence the roll's stability, and demarcations between stable and buckled configurations are identified in the tension-diameter design space. A model for the elastic stability of the roll-core system is developed, in which the corrugated layers are treated as multiple rings subjected to the resultant pressure generated by the roll's internal stresses, and to the elastic support provided by the core and neighboring web layers. At the onset of corrugation, adjacent web layers couple through surface contact which is incorporated in the model as an elastic shear layer.
Lipid nutrition and settlement behaviour in American lobster Homarus americanus

This study examines the effects of varying dietary lipids on growth, survival, lipid com- position and behaviour in lobster Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards, 1837) postlarvae. Lobsters were fed one of 3 diets during their early ontogeny: (1) Artemac, a widely used Artemia replacement; (2) a ternary mixture consisting of Artemac, frozen Artemia adults and Artemia flakes; or (3) a mix- ture of live A. salina nauplii and adults. We evaluated the olfactory capacity (response to predator odour plume) and cryptic behaviour (ability to hide during settlement) of lobster postlarvae as a function of these diets and the lipid and the fatty acid composition of lobsters. Growth and survival of lobster postlarvae were highest in those fed live Artemia, followed by the ternary mix, then Artemac. The low performance of lobster postlarvae fed Artemac may be attributable to dietary deficiencies in phospholipids (PLs) or 20:4n-6 and coincided with low levels of endogenous triacylglycerols (TAG). Those lobsters fed live Artemia showed low levels of 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 compared to levels occur- ring in wild animals. Here we report the selective incorporation of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 to polar lipids and, to a lesser extent, to neutral lipids in lobsters. Finally, lobster postlarvae fed the 3 experimental diets responded to a predator odour plume by reducing their activity levels and increas- ing the time spent swimming downstream. However, lobster settlement behaviour varied as a func- tion of the diet: low-performing lobsters fed Artemac were less active than those fed the other diets, presumably due to low levels of endogenous TAG or changes in dietary long-chain PUFA.