Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of EDTA root conditioning on the healing of intrabony defects treated with an enamel matrix protein derivative.

BACKGROUND Regenerative periodontal therapy with an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) has been shown to promote regeneration in intrabony periodontal defects. However, in most clinical studies, root surface conditioning with EDTA was performed in conjunction with the application of EMD, and, therefore, it cannot be excluded that the results may also be attributable to the effect of the root conditioning procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of root conditioning on the healing of intrabony defects treated with EMD. METHODS Twenty-four patients, each of whom exhibited one deep intrabony defect, were randomly treated with either open flap debridement (OFD) followed by root surface conditioning with EDTA and application of EMD (OFD+EDTA+EMD) or with OFD and application of EMD only (OFD+EMD). The following parameters were recorded at baseline and at 1 year: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). RESULTS No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. Healing was uneventful in all patients. At 1 year after therapy, the OFD+EDTA+EMD group showed a reduction in mean PD from 9.3+/-1.3 mm to 4.0+/-0.9 mm (P<0.001), and mean CAL changed from 10.8+/-2.2 mm to 7.1+/-2.8 mm (P<0.001). In the OFD+EMD group, mean PD was reduced from 9.3+/-1.2 mm to 4.2+/-0.9 mm (P<0.001), and a change in mean CAL from 11.0+/-1.7 mm to 7.3+/-1.6 mm (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in any of the investigated parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSION In intrabony defects, regenerative surgery including OFD+EDTA+EMD failed to show statistically significant differences in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain compared to treatment with OFD+EMD.
Premature menopause after cancer treatment.

PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to examine the impact that cancer therapies have on ovarian function. OVERVIEW Symptoms of and conditions due to estrogen deficiency after cancer therapy are described, and interventions are proposed. The consequences of short-term as well as prolonged estrogen deficiency-including vasomotor instability, infertility, genitourinary atrophy, coronary artery disease, and osteoporosis-are discussed. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Symptoms and conditions associated with premature menopause may cause additional stress for women who undergo cancer therapy. Knowledge about what happens to these women can enable healthcare providers to help them make decisions about cancer treatment, engage in self-care activities, and explore options for preserving fertility.
Isomorphy up to complementation

Considering uniform hypergraphs, we prove that for every non-negative integer $h$ there exist two non-negative integers $k$ and $t$ with $k\leq t$ such that two $h$-uniform hypergraphs ${\mathcal H}$ and ${\mathcal H}'$ on the same set $V$ of vertices, with $| V| \geq t$, are equal up to complementation whenever ${\mathcal H}$ and ${\mathcal H}'$ are $k$-{hypomorphic up to complementation}. Let $s(h)$ be the least integer $k$ such that the conclusion above holds and let $v(h)$ be the least $t$ corresponding to $k=s(h)$. We prove that $s(h)= h+2^{\lfloor \log_2 h\rfloor} $. In the special case $h=2^{\ell}$ or $h=2^{\ell}+1$, we prove that $v(h)\leq s(h)+h$. The values $s(2)=4$ and $v(2)=6$ were obtained in a previous work.
Development of the acoustic startle response in the rat: ontogenetic changes in the magnitude of inhibition by prepulse stimulation.

Three experiments examined the development of the acoustic startle reflex and its modification by a preliminary stimulus in the infant rat during the 2nd and 3rd postnatal weeks. The 1st experiment employed a white noise S1 (20 msec, 70 dB), the 2nd a cutaneous S1 (.5 msec, .5 mA and 1.0 mA shock), and the 3rd identical S1-S2 pairs (20 msec, 10 kHz, 110 dB tones). The results demonstrate a similar maturation of the prepulse modification pattern over days in the 3 experiments, evidenced mainly in the growth of inhibition. The findings indicate peripheral and central mechanisms that are maturing during the period of life under observation and that contribute to the developmental patterns of modification.
Judgment of policy advises; the disharmony between judgment and registered problems

Written texts like policy advises are often reviewed and judged. In this study we analyze the expert judgments of 39 policy advises on the same issue. The judgments are given in three different forms. The results show that the judgments of the policy advices are not reliable. And there is little correspondence between the judgments and the registered comments; they are not directing to a specific pattern. This leads to the conclusion that a good judgment of professional writing is not possible. But there is a suspicion of the possible existence of a functional step in professional writing.
Women's attitudes towards mechanisms of action of birth control methods: a cross-sectional study in five European countries.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess women's attitudes towards the mechanisms of action of birth control methods. BACKGROUND When addressing women's knowledge of and attitudes towards birth control methods, researchers frequently focus on side effects, effectiveness or correct use. Women's opinions about mechanisms of action have been much less investigated, and research is usually concentrated on the EC pill. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Women, aged 18-49, from Germany, France, the UK, Sweden and Romania were randomly selected (n = 1137). They were asked whether they would use a method that may work after fertilisation or after implantation and whether they would continue using it after learning it may have such effects. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the influence of certain characteristics on women's attitudes. RESULTS Almost half of women in Romania and Germany would not use methods with postfertilisation effects, while the lowest percentages were found in Sweden and in France. Regarding methods with postimplantation effects, higher percentages were found in all the countries. Highly educated women and those using a highly effective method were more likely to use methods with postfertilisation effects. On the contrary, married women, those who stated that human life begins at fertilisation and women with middle/high religiosity were less likely to consider using methods that may act after fertilisation. CONCLUSIONS One-third of European women reported that they would not consider using a method that may have postfertilisation effects. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Given that postfertilisation effects may not be acceptable to some women, informing them of which methods may have these effects is essential to obtaining complete informed consent and to promoting women's autonomy.
Complexes of syndapin II with dynamin II promote vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network

The role of dynamin and so-called accessory proteins in endocytosis is well established. However, molecular details of the function(s) of dynamin II at the Golgi are largely unclear. We demonstrate that the ubiquitously expressed syndapin II isoform interacts with the proline-rich domain (PRD) of dynamin II through its Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain. Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous syndapin II and dynamin II, and successful reconstitutions of such complexes at membranes in COS-7 cells, show the in vivo relevance of the interaction. Syndapin II can associate with Golgi membranes and this association increases upon Golgi exit block. Brefeldin A treatment clearly shows that the observed perinuclear localization of syndapin II co-localizing with syntaxin 6 reflects the Golgi complex and that it requires functional integrity of the Golgi. Syndapins are crucial for Golgi vesicle formation because anti-syndapin antibodies, used either in in vitro reconstitutions or in living cells, inhibited this process. Both types of assays additionally revealed the essential role of syndapin II SH3 interactions with the dynamin II PRD in vesicle formation. An excess of the syndapin SH3 domain strongly inhibited budding from Golgi membranes in vitro. Likewise, overexpression of the syndapin SH3 domain or of a dynamin II variant incapable of associating with syndapin II (dynamin IIΔPRD) impaired trafficking of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG)-GFP in vivo. By contrast, full-length syndapin II-l had no negative effect, and instead promoted VSVG-GFP export from the Golgi. Importantly, a cytosolic fraction containing endogenous syndapin-dynamin complexes was sufficient to promote vesicle formation from Golgi membranes in a syndapin-dependent manner. Thus, syndapin-dynamin complexes are crucial and sufficient to promote vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network.
Prevention of Disease Induced by a Partially Heterologous AIDS Virus in Rhesus Monkeys by Using an Adjuvanted Multicomponent Protein Vaccine

ABSTRACT Recombinant protein subunit AIDS vaccines have been based predominantly on the virus envelope protein. Such vaccines elicit neutralizing antibody responses that can provide type-specific sterilizing immunity, but in most cases do not confer protection against divergent viruses. In this report we demonstrate that a multiantigen subunit protein vaccine was able to prevent the development of disease induced in rhesus monkeys by a partially heterologous AIDS virus. The vaccine was composed of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120, NefTat fusion protein, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef formulated in the clinically tested adjuvant AS02A. Upon challenge of genetically unselected rhesus monkeys with the highly pathogenic and partially heterologous SIV/HIV strain SHIV89.6p the vaccine was able to reduce virus load and protect the animals from a decline in CD4-positive cells. Furthermore, vaccination prevented the development of AIDS for more than 2.5 years. The combination of the regulatory proteins Nef and Tat together with the structural protein gp120 was required for vaccine efficacy.
Investigation into Causes of Abnormal Cerebral MRI Findings Following PVAC Duty‐Cycled, Phased RF Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Asymptomatic Cerebral Lesions with Phased RF. Introduction: Left atrial catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) is an established option for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Asymptomatic cerebral emboli (ACE) detected by diffusion weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) following AF ablation has been reported at varying rates. This variability may be linked to procedural variables and demographic risk factors. Animal studies with the multielectrode pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) have identified potential sources of emboli, including air introduced during PVAC introduction, inadequate anticoagulation, and high current densities when the distal (E1) and proximal (E10) electrodes are in contact. We sought to evaluate the incidence, size, and number of DW‐MRI findings with procedural modifications that potentially reduce the embolic load.
The Uses of Argument, Updated Edition

‘A central theme throughout the impressive series of philosophical books and articles Stephen Toulmin has published since 1948 is the way in which assertions and opinions concerning all sorts of topics, brought up in everyday life or in academic research, can be rationally justified. Is there one universal system of norms, by which all sorts of arguments in all sorts of fields must be judged, or must each sort of argument be judged according to its own norms? ‘In The Uses of Argument (1958) Toulmin sets out his views on these questions for the first time. Reacting severely against the “narrow” approach to ordinary arguments taken in syllogistic and modern logic, he advocates—analogous with existing practice in the field of law—a procedural rather than formal notion of validity. According to Toulmin, certain constant (“field-invariant”) elements can be discerned in the way in which argumentation develops, while in every case there will also be some variable (“field-dependent”) elements in the way in which it is to be judged. Toulmin’s “broader” approach aims at creating a more epistemological and empirical logic that takes both types of elements into account. ‘In spite of initial criticisms from logicians and fellow philosophers, The Uses of Argument has been an enduring source of inspiration and discussion to students of argumentation from all kinds of disciplinary backgrounds for more than forty years. Not only Toulmin’s views on the field-dependency of validity criteria but also his model of the “layout arguments”, with its description of the functional moves in the argumentation process, have made this book a modern classic in the study of argumentation. ’ Frans van Eemeren, University of Amsterdam
Developing Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a pest management tool

The egg parasitoid, Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), is used extensively around the world as a biological control agent for the control of lepidopterous pests. Wasps are either released to augment an existing population “inoculative release,” or they are released in large numbers to coincide with maximum pest pressure “inundative release. ” Field releases however, have had variable success. This has been attributed to wasp quality and issues relating to the release and integration of wasps into an agricultural setting. Wasp quality can be split into genetic and environmental components. Here, genetic quality is discussed in terms of the identification and maintenance of species/strains most suited to the particular situation. Environmental effects that are thought to impact upon wasp quality include rearing host effects; rearing conditions i.e. under constant environmental conditions, or by acclimation; and storage conditions. Release and integration issues that are considered important for the development and maintenance of a successful IPM approach include host/parasitoid synchrony, pesticide choice and timing of application as well as weather conditions at the time of release. In this paper we focus on and discuss quality issues, both genetic and environmental, as well as consider information pertaining to optimal release conditions, in relation to the development and maintenance of Trichogramma as an effective biological control agent.
Influence of Cimetidine on Cardiovascular Parameters in Man

Cardiac output was measured in 10 patients using the dye dilution method, before and after the intravenous injection of 400 mg cimetidine. The subjects were in the intensive care unit and required intermittent positive pressure ventilation. There was no change in the average blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output during the 60 minutes following the cimetidine, although one patient showed a marked fall in cardiac output. The results suggest that cimetidine is without a marked depressant effect on cardiovascular system.
Earnings Inequality and the Global Division of Labor: Evidence from the Executive Labor Market

Many industrialized economies have seen a rapid rise in top income inequality and in the globalization of production since the 1980s. In this paper I propose an open economy model of executive pay to study how offshoring affects the pay level and incentives of top earners. The model introduces a simple principal-agent problem into a heterogeneous firm talent assignment model and endogenizes pay levels and the sensitivity of pay to performance in general equilibrium. Using unique data of manager-firm matches including executives from stock market listed firms across the U.S. and Europe, I quantify the model predictions empirically. Overall, I find that between 2000 and 2014 offshoring has increased executive pay levels, raised earnings inequality across executives and increased the sensitivity of pay to firm performance.
Contingency-Risk Informed Power System Design

We consider the problem of designing (or augmenting) an electric power system at a minimum cost such that it satisfies the N-k-ε survivability criterion. This survivability criterion is a generalization of the well-known N-k criterion, and it requires that at least (1-εj) fraction of the steady-state demand be met after failures of j components, for j=0,1,. ,k. The network design problem adds another level of complexity to the notoriously hard contingency analysis problem, since the contingency analysis is only one of the requirements for the design optimization problem. We present a mixed-integer programming formulation of this problem that takes into account both transmission and generation expansion. We propose an algorithm that can avoid combinatorial explosion in the number of contingencies, by seeking vulnerabilities in intermediary solutions and constraining the design space accordingly. Our approach is built on our ability to identify such system vulnerabilities quickly. Our empirical studies on modified instances of the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems show the effectiveness of our methods. We were able to solve the transmission and generation expansion problems for k=4 in approximately 30 min, while other approaches failed to provide a solution at the end of 2 h.
Substance use, gender, and generation status among Asian Indians in the United States

ABSTRACT This study examined substance use (cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug) among first- and second-generation Asian Indian women and men (n = 1,209; ages 18–34) living in the United States. Participants reported low rates of substance use compared to national averages. First-generation participants reported lower rates of substance use. Men were more likely to have used alcohol and tried cigarettes. Within the first generation, gender differences were only significant for alcohol, but within the second generation, gender differences were significant for all three substances. The findings support the resiliency of immigrants and highlight gender differences that occur among second-generation participants.
Formation of the multifractal hypergraph structure reflecting the self-similarity properties of the computational complexity classes

In the context of classifying the graph structures from the viewpoint of their self-similarity, this paper introduces the original concepts of the fractal and multifractal hypergraphs. The key idea underlying their definitions consists in the iterative procedure of generating the hyperedges applied to the specified initiator structure. The paper discusses the main properties of such hypergraphs and presents the simplified examples of their instances. Against this background, the investigation proposes the approach for representing the self-similarity properties of the computational complexity classes in terms of the multifractal hypergraph structure.
Determination of Sagittal Alignment Measurements in Distal Femurs

Objective: Open reduction and internal fixation is presently the treatment of choice for distal femur fractures. Anatomic reconstruction of the articular surface and restoration of biomechanical relations to the diaphysis are desired. A method to determine sagittal alignment on plain radiographs is warranted. Methods: Consecutive adult, normal, distal femur/knee, plain lateral radiographs and scanned and digitalized cadaveric distal femurs were analyzed. Measurement of 7 different angles was performed. Results: Ninety-four adults [39 men (41.5%) and 55 women (58.5%)] with a mean age of 54 years (range, 18–92 years) and body mass index (BMI) of 29.7 kg/m2 (range, 16.6–47.2 kg/m2), as well and 35 cadaveric femora [24 men (68.6%) and 11 women (31.4%)] with a mean age of 53 years (25–85 years) and BMI of 29.8 kg/m2 (17.7–53.3 kg/m2) were studied. Twenty-two of the patients (23.4%) had radiographic findings of arthrosis. If arthrosis was diagnosed, measurements including the proximal rim of the articular surface were significantly greater (P = 0.001). Two angles were significantly smaller in women (P < 0.05). No significant differences in any measurement for age or BMI were recorded. Conclusions: The necessity for reliability and quality of intraoperative and postoperative radiographic controls of the obtained fracture reduction, implant insertion, and final healed fracture increases with popularity of less invasive indirect reduction and stabilization methods. The ability to obtain exact sagittal alignment measurements has been problematic with other studies. Two different and reliable methods of measuring sagittal plane anatomy and measurements independent of implants were confirmed using plain radiographic images.
Improving glycemic control in medical inpatients: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Inpatient hyperglycemia is associated with poor patient outcomes. Current guidelines recommend that in an inpatient non-ICU setting there be treatment to achieve a glucose level below 180 mg/dL. METHODS Objectives of this prospective quality-improvement pilot study were to implement a subcutaneous insulin protocol on a general medicine service, to identify barriers to implementation, and to determine the effect of this protocol on glycemic control. Eighty-nine patients with a preexisting diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or inpatient hyperglycemia were eligible. Study outcomes included resident acceptance of the protocol, insulin-ordering practices, and mean rate of hyperglycemia (glucose > 180 mg/dL) per person. Results were compared with those of a previously conducted observational study. RESULTS Residents agreed to use the protocol in 56% of cases. Reasons for declining the protocol included severity of a patient's other disease states, desire to titrate oral medications, and fear of hypoglycemia. Basal and nutritional insulin were prescribed more often in the pilot group compared with at baseline (64% vs. 49% for basal, P = .05; 13% vs. 0% for nutritional, P < .001). Basal insulin was started after the first full hospital day in 42% of patients, and only one-third of patients with any hypo- or hyperglycemia had any subsequent changes in their insulin orders. The mean rate of hyperglycemia was not significantly different between groups (31.6% of measurements per patient vs. 33.3%, P = .85). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a new inpatient subcutaneous insulin protocol was fair. Barriers included fear of hypoglycemia, delays in starting basal insulin, and clinical inertia. Quality improvement efforts likely need to target these barriers to successfully improve inpatient glycemic control.