Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between occupational factors and occupational injury and the interplay of personal factors in Indian and French coal miners.

Research studies during the last decade have shown the roles of occupational and individual factors in occupational injury but a few information is available regarding their interplay. This study aimed at assessing the roles of occupational hazards and exploring their contributions to the occurrences of injuries among the Indian and French coal miners. In this study two surveys were conducted. The survey in India was a matched case-control study including 245 miners with an occupational injury during the previous two-year period and 245 controls with no injury from two underground coal mines located in the southern part of India. A standardized questionnaire was completed by trained personnel through face-to-face interviews. It included age, experience, sleep disorders, regular alcohol consumption, chronic diseases, smoking habit, number of dependents, occupation, and occupational hazards. The survey in France was a retrospective study on 516 coal miners randomly selected among those aged 32-47 years, from underground mines located in the north-eastern France. The subjects completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, obesity, chronic diseases, psychotropic drug use, self-reported personality traits, a 14-item biomechanical exposure scale, a 4-item physical exposure scale, and injury during the last two years. The data were analyzed using logistic model for the coal mines in France. The conditional logistic model was used for the matched case–control data from Indian mines. The annual rate of injuries (with sick leave) was 2.7% for the coal miners in India and 14.9% for the coal miners in France. Logistic model including all occupational factors showed that for the Indian coal miners, material handling had the highest OR (odds ratio) (3.30), followed by machinerelated hazards (2.64), hand tool-related hazards (2.21), environment/work conditions (2.10), and geological/strata control (2.01). Further adjustment for personal factors led to a substantial decrease in the OR for hand tool-related hazards (OR 1.24, reduction: 80%) and machine-related hazards (OR 1.19, reduction: 88%) and to a substantial increase in the OR for material handling (OR 5.15, 80%), environment/work conditions (OR 2.63, -48%), and geological/strata control (to 2.35, -34%) for Indian mines. Among the French coal mines, the ORs were 3.01, 3.47, 7.26 for biomechanical
Takeovers under Asymmetric Information: Block Trades and Tender Offers in Equilibrium

I study transfers of control in a rm having atomistic shareholders and one dominant minority blockholder (incumbent). A potential acquirer can try to negotiate a block trade with the incumbent. If the negotiations are successful, the control changes hands via a block trade. If the negotiations fail, the acquirer can launch a public tender offer. According to empirical evidence, companies with minority blockholders are widespread, and both types of transactions occur in such companies. However, the existing models that allow for acquiring control through a block trade never obtain tender offers in equilibrium. In my model, asymmetry of information about the acquirers ability to generate value leads to the negotiations failure and, hence, results in a tender offer for a range of parameters. In such an equilibrium, high ability acquirers take over the rm by means of a tender offer, intermediate types negotiate a block trade, and low types do not attempt any transaction. This result provides an immediate explanation for higher target announcement returns in tender o¤ers as compared to block trades. The model also explains why takeover premiums and targetsstock price reaction to tender offers may be higher in countries with stronger shareholder protection and predicts that better shareholder protection should result in a higher announcements returns for targets in block trade transactions as well. Finally, the paper obtains that transfers of corporate control in rms with a dominant minority blockholder are more efficient when shareholder protection is better and provides an argument against the mandatory bid rule in strong legal regimes.
Conflicting Identities: Cosmopolitan or Anxious? Appreciating Concerns of Host Country Population Improves Attitudes Towards Immigrants

Cosmopolitan or anxious? In order to test the influence of conflicting aspects of identity, German respondents were asked about their attitude towards a Syrian refugee the description of whom was varied in various domains (N=662). Once the refugee is described as being aware of as well as open towards concerns in the German population - regarding cultural change, arising costs and increasing violence - reported levels of sympathy and trust increase substantially, especially for risk averse people. Additional data from a second questionnaire (N=118) show that a German person expressing such concerns is perceived as less cosmopolitan and more likely to vote for the emergent populist right-wing. Combining these findings, we argue that acknowledging concerns of the host population relieves the tension between the anxious and cosmopolitan part of peoples' identities and, therefore, allows them to respond more openly since an aspect of identity that is acknowledged by context (expressing anxieties) has less influence on actual behavior (expressing sympathy). Apart from that, we find that personal experience and the higher willingness to take risks are important for the individual willingness to interact. Our findings highlight the importance of context, identity and individual characteristics for host populations' attitudes towards of refugees.
Analysis of plate-screw fixation by finite element method in transverse fractures of the tibia diaphysis

Aim: Using the Finite Element Method, it was aimed to select the most appropriate implant for a patient with a transverse tibia diaphysis fracture and to determine the effect of sudden temperature changes on the selected implant. Materials and Methods: After separating the diaphyseal area into transverse pieces at 1 cm regular intervals, the anterior and lateral views of the cross-sections enabled the generation of a computer model of tubular bone with 3 cortices. An 8-hole plate with 8 screws was placed over the lateral cortex of the tibia on the model. After creating a transverse fracture in the exact centre of the plate, the whole model with bone-plate-screw was converted into a mathematical model (mesh). The results of the analysis were evaluated using the finite elements method. Results: The tensile values were found to be greatest on the 2 nd holes and screws from the proximal and distal of the fracture line. In the evaluation of temperature changes, the plate-screw tensile values were determined as normal in a cold environment but were seen to be high compared to those of a hot environment. Conclusion: By finding the tensile values on plate-screw-bone with this method preoperatively, the most appropriate plate-screw to be used on the patient can be determined. In addition, as tensile force on the plate-screw increased with transfer from a hot environment to a cold one, it could be said that fractures are more likely to occur in a cold environment.
High-efficiency Micropropagation of Dormant Buds in Spine Base of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) for Industrial Breeding

By the systematical optimization on explants sterilizing, induction and multiplication of adventitious shoots, rooting and seedling transplanting, the high-efficient regeneration system and domestication transplanting technology for red pitaya ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) were established using dormant buds in spine base as primary materials. Results showed that the optimal surface sterilization procedure of red pitaya explants (nodal segments with one spine base) was 0.2% mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) treatment for 7 min. The appropriate medium formulation for adventitious shoot induction and proliferation of sterilized red pitaya explants was Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented with 5.5 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.1mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and maximum average number (6.4) of adventitious shoots per explant and maximum average plantlet height (2.8 cm) were achieved within 30 days. An optimal formulation of half-strength MS medium (1/2 MS) added with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L indole-3-butyricacid (IBA) produced an average of 7.21 roots per explant with highest (92%) rooting response when inoculating 4 adventitious shoots per bottle. The tissue-cultured seedlings of red pitaya display a survival rate of up to 100% by optimized procedure of domestication and transplantation. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers
Valence band anticrossing in GaBixAs1−x

The optical properties of GaBixAs1-x (0.04< x< 0.08) grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied by photomodulated reflectance spectroscopy. The alloys exhibit a strong reduction in the bandgap as well as an increase in the spin-orbit splitting energy with increasing Bi concentration. These observations are explained by a valence band anticrossing model, which shows that a restructuring of the valence band occurs as the result of an anticrossing interaction between the extended states of the GaAs valence band and the resonant T2 states of the Bi atoms.
Nonparametric Nonstationary Regression

This thesis studies nonparametric estimation techniques for a general regression set–up under very weak conditions on the covariate process. In particular, regressors are allowed to be high–dimensional stochastically nonstationary processes. The concept of nonstationarity comprises time series observations of random walk or long memory type. Admissible processes are s–null Harris recurrent processes. We introduce the first kernel type estimation method for such nonstationary regressors without restricting their dimension. This set–up is motivated by and generalizes approaches in parametric econometric time series analysis with nonstationary components. Additive regression allows to circumvent the usual nonparametric curse of dimensionality and to countervail the additionally present, nonstationary curse of dimensionality while still pertaining high modeling flexibility. We propose a backfitting type estimation procedure where it is sufficient that the response Y and all univariate Xj and pairs of bivariate marginal components Xjk of the vector of all covariates X are (potentially nonstationary) s–null Harris recurrent processes. The full dimensional vector of regressors X itself, however, is not required to be Harris recurrent. This is particularly important since e.g. random walks are Harris recurrent only up to dimension two. Though we also suggest tailored estimation methods if more than two covariates are s–null Harris recurrent, which can provide the best additive fit in a projection sense to a more general non-additive class of true models. Under different types of independence assumptions, asymptotic distributions are derived for the general case of a (potentially nonstationary) s-null Harris recurrent residual but also for the special case of the residual being stationary mixing. The later case deserves special attention, since the model might be regarded as an additive type of cointegration model. In contrast to existing more general approaches, the number of cointegrated regressors is not restricted. In general, we need no pre-testing for stationary or nonstationary covariates, the same method applies to all. Though if we have pre-information that some covariates are stationary and we know which ones, we present a tailored estimation procedure which allows to obtain faster rates of convergence fully countervailing the nonstationary curse of dimensionality. In particular, we manage to estimate stationary components at stationary rates which confirms the practical relevance of the procedure. Furthermore finite sample properties are discussed in a simulation study.
Acetone and 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One in Skin Gas Increase during Handgrip Exercise

The present study investigated the effect of dynamic handgrip exercise on acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetaldehyde, and hexanal levels in skin gas. Participants in this experiment consisted of six healthy males. Skin gas was collected two times. First, skin gas during rest (i.e., before the exercise) was collected for 3 min into the sampling bag. Next, the exercise using a handgrip exercise instrument was performed. The hand performed a dynamic handgrip exercise for 3 min inside the sampling bag, exerting one 30 kg contraction per second. The blood flow at the end of the handgrip exercise increased by about 1.4 times that before exercise and then decreased to basal levels immediately thereafter. Acetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one concentrations after exercise significantly increased relative to basal levels. Significant differences were not observed in acetaldehyde and hexanal concentrations between at rest and after handgrip exercise. The amount of acetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one released from forearm skin increased during dynamic handgrip exercise. Acetaldehyde and hexanal levels did not increase during exercise compared with levels at rest.
Actitudes de los adolescentes hacia personas con discapacidad: un estudio con alumnos de polimodal zona norte del conurbano bonaerense

A descriptive study was developed based on a non-probability intentional sample composed by 265 adolescents, students in the Northern area of the Greater Buenos Aires with the purpose of contributing to the knowledge about adolescent attitudes before disabled people, given that the relationship with them influences the point of view about the handicapped. Data show that students have a favorable attitude towards disabled people and that touch creates differences in the perception and interaction with them. In like manner, the relevance Fecha recepción: 15/06/10 – Fecha aceptación: 17/11/10 Correspondencia: Marcela Muratori Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina e-mail: marcelamuratori@hotmail.com 1 articulos ok.indd 39 5/16/11 2:16:38 PM Revista de Psicología. UCA. 2010. Vol 6. No 12, pp. 39-56 40 Actitudes de los adolescentes hacia personas con discapacidad that variables such as motif and frequency of contact, sex, course specialization and type of school they attend to have at the time of expressing attitudes. Palabras clave: Actitudes, Adolescencia, Integración, Handicaps, Discriminación de la discapacidad.
A suppressed demand analysis method of the transportation disadvantaged in policy making

Abstract This paper proposes a method for estimating transportation supply requirements when the suppressed demand of the transportation disadvantaged (TD) can be calculated and added to existing demand for travel. The underlying assumption is that the travel conditions of these TD groups must be equal to the ‘conventional’ demand, known as ‘full release’. Utilising the modelling approach for TD, suppressed demand analysis, diagnosis of difficulties and equity between conventional and disadvantaged groups were realised, while elaborating special cases for the most vulnerable TD groups (such as elderly and disabled persons) and simultaneously identifying areas of difficulty. From the early virtual results, it is concluded that, for the full release of suppressed trips (only a 5% increase), policy makers must be ready to face some financial burdens, requiring coordination of effort to both standardise these TD groups and reduce the costs incurred by operators.
Irrigation effects on the performance of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) cv. ‘Albariño’ under the humid climate of Galicia

Aims: Vine-growers worldwide are concerned about climate change effects on grape yield and quality. Drip irrigation systems are increasingly being installed even in humid regions such as Galicia (NW Spain). In this context, a field experiment was carried out over three seasons (2012-2014) on white Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Albarino’ to assess the effects of deficit irrigation on vine physiology, yield and must and wine composition.Methods and results: Rain-fed vines were compared with a treatment irrigated to 50% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) from bloom to two weeks before harvest. Irrigated vines showed more positive stem water potentials than those rain-fed. Yield was unaffected by irrigation except in 2014 (19% increase). Pruning weight was increased by irrigation. Must soluble solids tended to decrease and total acidity to increase with irrigation; however, wines were similar between treatments. Water productivity was slightly higher under rain-fed conditions.Conclusion: Under the conditions of this experiment, irrigation was of no interest either in terms of grape and wine quality or in terms of net income.Significance and impact of the study: These results may be useful for managing water resources in vineyards under similar climate conditions.
Effect of Exclosure Age on Carbon Sequestration Potential of Restorations in Tigray Region, N. Ethiopia

Conversion of degraded free grazing lands into exclosures is one option to promote natural regeneration of plants and to restore degraded ecosystems in Ethiopia. The present study investigated the change in ecosystem carbon stocks (ECS) and the enhancement of plant species richness and diversity following the establishment of exclosures on free grazing lands in Tigray, Ethiopia. Exclosures of 10, 15, and 20 years old were selected and each exclosure was paired with an adjacent free grazing land. A total of 120 quadrants were sampled using a stratified preferential sampling design technique with flexible systematic model. The differences in carbon stocks and vegetation composition between an exclosure and free grazing lands were assessed using a paired t-test. Data analyses also included descriptive statistics, inferential statistics using one way ANOVA, t-test and Chi-square test. All exclosures displayed higher ECS, and plant species richness, diversity and aboveground standing biomass than the free grazing lands. Differences in ECS between exclosures and free grazing lands varied between 32.96 and 61.0 t. ha -1 increasing with exclosure age. Over a period of 20 years, the carbon dioxide sequestered in the investigated exclosures was 223.88 t. ha -1 . Differences in plant species richness and aboveground standing biomass between exclosures and free grazing lands also increased with exclosure age. The results of the present study confirm that establishment of exclosures on degraded free grazing lands in the Northern Highlands of Ethiopian is a viable option to restore ECS. The study showed that ECS in exclosures, in free grazing lands and the change in ECS following the establishment of exclosures on free grazing lands can be predicted using easily measurable biophysical and management-related indicators. Such information is necessary for the establishment of baseline information for carbon sequestration projects, for evaluation of whether exclosure establishment should be expanded, and for policymakers to take into account the value of exclosures in their management decisions. Although the study showed that exclosures are effective to restore ECS, expansion of exclosures would increase grazing pressure on the remaining free grazing area. Therefore, the decision to establish additional exclosures should also include an economical analysis and an evaluation of the social consequences of such a decision.
The Swedish birth seat trial

Background: Evidence for the safety of upright birth positions in relation to maternal blood loss and perineal outcomes is inconclusive. Little is known about the impact of upright positions on the use of synthetic oxytocin for augmentation of labour or whether an upright birth position in the second stage of labour can reduce the number of instrumental vaginal deliveries. In addition women’s preferences for and experiences of birth positions in the second stage of labour require investigation. Aims: to investigate the efficacy of the use of a birth seat in relation to maternal and infant outcomes, and to investigate women’s experiences of birth position in the second stage of labour. Methods: in a randomised controlled trial maternal and infant outcomes were investigated when first time mothers were allocated either to an experimental group (birth seat) or to a control group (any position except for the birth seat). Analysis was according to the intention to treat principal in paper I & II (n = 1002). Outcomes were analysed according the ontreatment analysis in paper III (n = 950). A follow-up study was carried out using a questionnaire and answers from 289 women who were allocated to the experimental group were included (IV). Results: Birth on the birth seat resulted in a shorter second stage of labour and in less use of synthetic oxytocin for augmentation of labour, but did not reduce the number of instrumental vaginal deliveries (I-III). There was an increased risk for post-partum blood loss in women who gave birth on the birth seat and also in women who were given synthetic oxytocin during the first stage, regardless of birth position (I & III). There were no differences in any degrees of perineal lacerations (I & III) and women who gave birth on a birth seat were less likely to have an episiotomy performed (III). There was no increased risk for perineal oedema in the birth seat group (I & III). No adverse infant outcomes were identified (II). Despite randomisation, women who gave birth on the birth seat reported to a higher degree that they themselves had made the decision about birth position and felt that they had been given the opportunity to take their preferred position. Women who gave birth on the birth seat reported more often that they felt powerful, protected and self-confident (IV). Conclusions: Birth on the birth seat reduced the duration of the second stage of labour. The number of instrumental vaginal births was not reduced. There were no adverse infant or maternal outcomes except for an increased blood loss in women who gave birth on the birth seat; this finding was without affecting the haemoglobin level 8-12 weeks postpartum. An upright birth position, when chosen by the woman, could give a feeling of empowerment, which leads to greater childbirth satisfaction. An upright position during the second stage of labour, facilitated by a birth seat, can be recommended as a non-medical intervention to healthy nulliparous women.