Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healthcare workers experience in dealing with Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Objectives: To analyze healthcare workers experiences in dealing with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: An anonymous open web-based survey study was conducted among healthcare workers from the March 2020 to April 2020. A total of 24 relevant questions were asked based on participants’ characteristics, obligations, and preparedness in healthcare workers in the event of COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Approximately 1036 healthcare workers participated in this study with high response rate. Out of all the participants, 70% were women, 52% belonged to the 26-34 year age range, 50% were nurses, 33.7% were clinicians, 74.3% agreed to work overtime, 93.1% understand why they should stay past their shift end, 97.7% thought that preventing illness among healthcare workers and providing safety to family members, nearly 94% thought that personal protective equipment (PPE) for employees will enhance their willingness to report to work. Approximately 89.3% express a desire for incentives and financial support for family members. Conclusion: We recommend that providing PPE, reducing psychological stress, financial support and safety to family members of healthcare workers will increase the willingness to report to work.
Correlation and path analysis for yield , oil and protein content of Soybean ( Glycine max L . ) genotypes under different levels of nitrogen starter and plant density

For investigation of correlation and path relations for soybean genotype under different levels of nitrogen starter and plant density an experiment was conducted in 2009-2010 growth season in Kermanshah, Iran. Results of correlation analysis showed that positive significant correlation was found for seed diameter and yield (r=1.00**) and for seed diameter and harvest index (r=0.54*). A negative significant correlation was found between oil and protein percent (r=-0.61**). Correlation coefficients between plant height and oil percent was negative and significant (r=-0.52*). Pod length correlated with protein content positively and significantly (r=0.70**) and correlated with oil content negatively and significantly (r=-0.61*). Path analysis for seed yield showed high positive direct effect of pod number per plant (0.51) and seed diameter (1.00) on seed yield. High positive indirect effects of characters on seed yield were found for pod number per plant through stem diameter (0.51) and 100-seed weight (0.51) and for seed diameter through harvest index (0.54). Based on path analysis results for oil percent of soybean genotypes high positive direct effects were found from seed diameter (1912.26), 100-seed weight (228.08), and number of pod per plant (121.57). Path analysis for protein percent showed that maximum positive direct effect was obtained from yield on protein percent (708.32).
Combined torsional buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes coupling with axial loading and radial pressures

This paper reports the results of an investigation on combined torsional buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) under combined torque, axial loading and radial pressures based on the continuum mechanics model, which takes into account the effect of the van der Waals interaction between adjacent tubes. A buckling condition is derived for determining the critical buckling torque and associated buckling mode. In particular, for combined torsional buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes, an explicit expression is obtained and some detailed results are demonstrated. According to the innermost radius-to-thickness ratio, MWNTs are classified into three types: thin, thick, and (almost) solid. Numerical results are worked out for the critical buckling torque and associated buckling mode for all the three types of MWNTs subjected to various axial stresses (axial tensile stresses or axial compressive stresses), internal pressures, and external pressures. It is shown that, the axial tensile stress or the internal pressure will make the MWNTs resist higher critical buckling torque, while the axial compressive stress or external pressure will lead to a lower critical buckling torque. The effect of axial stress (axial tensile stress or axial compressive stress) on the critical buckling torque of MWNTs is very small for all the three types of MWNTs, while the effect of the internal pressure or external pressure is related to the types of MWNTs, which is strong for the thin MWNTs, moderate for the thick MWNTs, and small for the solid MWNTs. Numerical results also indicate that, the associated buckling mode is unique and dependent on the structure of MWNTs. Especially, for combined torsional buckling of MWNTs with very small axial stress and radial pressures, the buckling mode is just the one for the corresponding pure torsional buckling. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Review of Empirical Capital Structure Research and Directions for the Future

This paper reviews empirical capital structure research, concentrating on papers published since 2005. We begin by documenting three dimensions of capital structure variation: cross-firm, cross-industry, and within-firm through time. We summarize how well the traditional trade-off and pecking order approaches explain these sources of variation and highlight their empirical shortcomings. We review recent research that attempts to address these shortcomings, much of which follows the following broad themes: i) Important variables have been mis-measured in empirical tests, ii) The impact of leverage on non-financial stakeholders is important, iii) The supply side of capital affects corporate capital structure, iv) Richer features of financial contracts have been under-researched, v) Value effects due to capital structure appear to be modest over wide ranges of leverage, vi) Estimates of leverage adjustment speeds are biased, vii) Capital structure dynamics have not been adequately considered. Much progress has been made addressing these issues, some of which has led to the study of an expanded range of capital structure topics, including debt maturity, loan and covenant characteristics, collateral effects, and alternative financing sources such as leasing and credit lines. We conclude by summarizing unanswered questions and areas for future research.
Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors for HDV Infection Among HIV/HBV Co-Infected Patients in Sokoto North Western Nigeria

Background: Hepatitis D virus infection may worsen HBV infection and about 5 % of HBV infected individuals may be infected with HDV infection as these viruses have similar routes of transmission. Severity of HBV infection is worsen by HIV co-infection. Therefore, this study aimed at the determination of prevalence and risk factors of HDV infection among HIV/HBV Co-infected individuals. Methods: This was cross sectional study in which treatment-naïve HIV infected study participants were screened for HBs Ag. Study participants that were positive for HBs Ag were further screened for anti HDV and HBe Ag and also, they were assessed for CD4 T lymphocytes count, ALT and AST levels. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis and level of significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. Results: About 4(10.8 %) of 37 HIV/HBV co-infected study were positive for anti HDV. There was no statistical association of HDV infection with different tested variables, though numerically higher among females (P≤ 0.587), 41-50 years age group (P≤ 0.671), subjects with history of multiple sexual partners (P≤ 0.557), blood transfusion (p ≤ 0.298) and needle sharing (P ≤ 0.456). Mean ALT and AST levels, mean CD4 T cell counts and HBe Ag prevalence were comparable between anti HDV positive and negative study participants with HIV/HBV co-infection. Conclusion: Substantial number of HIV/HBV co-infected study participants were observed to be infected with HDV infection. We recommend the screening of HDV infection among HIV/HBV co-infected individuals to ensure their proper management.
Effects of compaction pressure on silage fermentation in bunker silo

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of compaction pressure on maize silage fermentation under field conditions. The CAT 955 L type work machine was used for the compaction of the material. In this research, a pressure measurement system was developed to measure the compaction pressure in bunker silos. In bunker silos, 24 points for pressure and temperature measurement were identified. Chemical and microbiological analyzes were made by taking samples from each measurement point. The lowest temperature is measured in the back wall of the silo. There is a significant relationship between pressure and temperature. Pressure had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on silage fermentation. There was a significant correlation between regions in bunker silo and pressure (R = 0.914, P < 0.01).
Compressive Sensing and Low Contrast Detectability

Introduction: Compressive Sensing (CS) is a powerful data acquisition and reconstruction paradigm that has facilitated the substantial acceleration of several MRI applications with little compromise in image quality [1,2]. To date, the most successful applications of CS to MRI have focused on situations where the information of interest is represented by high-contrast features (e.g. contrast-enhanced MR angiography). However, in many MRI applications low-contrast features are of greater clinical interest. Given the fundamental link between sparsity-driven reconstruction methods and shrinkage or thresholding-based regression [3], there has been expressed concern that CS is not well-suited for the task of low-contrast object detection (LCOD). In this work, we investigate the potential of the CS paradigm for LCOD and compare its performance against the widely-used approach of zero-filling (ZF), with and without appropriate windowing.
QUALITY OF PROCESSING TOMATO FRUITS IN COMPETITION WITH Solanum americanum

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that Solanum americanum density and time of coexistence affect the quality of processing tomato fruit. The tomato crop was established using either the direct drilling or the transplanting technique. The factors evaluated consisted of weed density (from 0 up to 6 plants m-2) and time of weed interference (early bloom stage, full flowering stage, fruit filling, and harvest time). The effects of competition on tomato fruit quality were analysed using a multiple model. Tomato variables evaluated included industrial fruit types (which depended on ripeness and disease infection) and soluble solids level (obrix). Tomato fruit quality is dependent on the factors tested. Under low densities (< 6 plants m-2) of S. americanum there was a small impact on the quality of the tomato fruits. The percentage of grade A (mature fruit with red color and without pathogen infection) tomato fruits is the variable most affect by the independent variables. The impact of these independent variables on the percentage of grade C (green and/or with more than 15% disease infection) tomato yield was of smaller magnitude and in an inverse trend as the observed for grade A. The level of soluble solids was influenced by the weed interference on only two experiments, but the impact was of small magnitude. The impact of the results on current and future crop management practices is discussed.
Towards a Theoretical Framework For Collaborative Electronic Commerce Projects Involving Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Many important electronic commerce projects involve collaboration among organisations which involve significant numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The existing literature is sparse in relation to the conduct and management of collaborative projects generally, but especially so in relation to SMEs. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study. This involved a comprehensive literature search, the examination of previously reported case studies, and the conduct of two new case studies, complemented by the authors' project management expertise in this area. It is vital and urgent that the deficiencies of existing theory in relation to collaborative EC projects involving SMEs be addressed. On the basis of the literature and the available empirical evidence, guidelines are suggested which need to be appreciated by participants in such projects, and reflected in a specific body of theory.
Evolution of dislocation mechanisms in single-crystal Cu under shock loading in different directions

Even though there are numerous experiments and molecular dynamic simulations of Cu under shock loading, there appears to be no literature on the evolution of different types of dislocation mechanisms and their mutual interactions during the process of shock loading, which this article addresses through molecular dynamic simulations using the Mishin EAM potential for Cu. Three different directions 100 ⟨ ⟩, 110 ⟨ ⟩, and 111 ⟨ ⟩ that have been considered in this article are subjected to shock compression with piston velocities ranging between 0.3–3 km s. The evolution of Hirth locks, Lomer–Cottrell locks, cross-slips, jogs, and dislocation-originated stacking-fault tetrahedra are demonstrated in this article for different direction shock loading of singlecrystal Cu.
ASPERITY SOURCE MODEL OF THE 1993 KUSHIRO-OKI EARTHQUAKE ( Mw 7 . 6 ) : A LARGE INTRA-SLAB EARTHQUAKE

The 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake is a large intra-slab earthquake that ruptured through a substantial part of the subducting plate. We construct the asperity source model of the Kushiro-oki earthquake, which well explains broadband strong ground motions, using the empirical Green’s function method. The source model has the following characteristics comparing with those of in-land and plate-boundary earthquakes: the total asperity area is much small and the stress drop is extremely high (100~200MPa). These indicate that the Kushiro-oki earthquake radiates seismic energies from a small area in a short time. This rupture process results in extremely strong radiation of short-period seismic waves as observed during this event. We confirm a correlation between outer fault parameters (the entire source area and seismic moment) and inner fault parameters (the asperity areas, stress drops of the asperities, and short-period level of the Swave source spectrum); these parameters characterize the asperity source model. This indicates applicability of the asperity source model to large intra-slab earthquakes for prediction of strong ground motions from scenario earthquakes.
Service Quality and its Impact on Tourist Satisfaction

This study aims to assess tourists‟ perceptions towards quality tourism services provided at Petra historical site, and to measure tourist satisfaction by examining the impact of quality tourism product on overall tourist satisfaction. In this study, four hypotheses were developed are proposed a study model. The empirical data were collected from tourists via a survey that yielded 180 usable questionnaires, these data were analysed using a series of multiple regressions to determine the relationship between service quality and tourist satisfaction. The findings confirmed that service quality directly impacted tourist satisfaction throughout destination facilities, destination accessibility and destination attraction. As a result, this study argued that there is a significant impact of the service quality on tourist satisfaction, and therefore service quality plays an important role in tourism by increasing the level of tourist satisfaction. The results in this study supported the evidence that there are positive impacts of components of tourism product on tourist satisfaction. This study provided some theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings to academicians and tourism sector, the researcher presented recommendations for further studies and he discussed the main limitations in this study.
Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis

Purpose of reviewThis article reviews recent insights surrounding the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. In particular, we highlight the increasing recognition of host-mediated mechanisms in driving mucosal inflammation. Recent findingsPublished differences between epithelium from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and normal controls can be classified into several broad categories. Alterations are reported in the various components of the epithelial innate immune system including epithelial-expressed pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and the levels of antimicrobial innate immune effector molecules. Other studies demonstrate differences in the proteins involved in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity. Finally, recent studies show in chronic rhinosinusitis that epithelial-derived cytokines, chemokines and inducible surface proteins are involved in recruiting and activating cells of the adaptive immune system. ConclusionThe sinonasal epithelium provides a mechanical and innate immune barrier to a diverse array of environmental agents. This barrier also plays a key role in regulating the acquired mucosal immune response in the nose. Recent studies suggest that defects in this barrier may foster development of chronic sinonasal inflammation in response to environmental agents, and pathogenic or commensal organisms. The ability to dissect and analyze defects in the inflammatory response in rhinosinusitis may help identify novel targets for drug development.
Superstring Theory in Melvin Background

In this thesis we discuss various aspects of type II superstring theory in NSNS Melvin background. This model can be described by an exactly solvable conformal field theory. First we show that this background includes the orbifolds C/ZN in type II and type 0 theory. Then we construct the model which corresponds to a higher dimensional Melvin background and show that it can be supersymmetric for the particular values of its parameters. In particular, it includes ALE orbifolds C/ZN . Next we discuss D-branes in these models by constructing their boundary states. As a result we find two kinds of interesting D-branes, which are T-dual equivalent to each other. One of them wraps the geodesic line of the Melvin background spirally. The other is a bound state of D-branes whose world-volume is given by a topologically trivial torus. The latter is stabilized by the presence of the H-flux and the quantized gauge flux. We also show the relation between these D-branes and fractional D-branes in orbifold theories.
Comparative randomized trial of azithromycin versus erythromycin and amoxicillin for treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia in children

Our objective was to compare the clinical efficacy of azithromycin vs. erythromycin and amoxicillin in the treatment of presumed bacterial community‐acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children, and to evaluate the etiologies of these illnesses. One hundred and ten children, aged 1 month to 14 years, were enrolled between January 1996–January 1999. Children were distributed into two groups according to clinical and radiological patterns: classic or atypical pneumonia. Patients with classic pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive oral amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day for 7 days, or azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days; patients with atypical pneumonia received azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days, or erythromycin 50 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Chest X‐ray, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained on enrollment. Clinic visits were performed on days 3, 7, and 14, and chest X‐ray follow‐up on days 7 and 14. Microbiological diagnosis of classic pathogens was based on blood and bronchial secretion cultures. The diagnosis of atypical pathogens C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, and M. pneumoniae was based on PCR and serologic tests.
The dopamine D2 receptor gene and depressive and anxious symptoms in childhood: associations and evidence for gene–environment correlation and gene–environment interaction

Objectives Research implicates the A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) Taq1A polymorphism in the development of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, recent papers suggest that children with A1 allele of this gene may receive less positive parenting, and that the effects of this gene on child symptoms may be moderated by parenting. We sought to replicate and extend these findings using behavioral measures in a nonclinical sample of young children. Methods In a sample of 473 preschool-aged children and their mothers, structured clinical interview measures and maternal reports of child symptoms were collected, and standardized observations of parent–child interactions were conducted. Results An association was detected between the DRD2 A1 allele and symptoms of depression and anxiety indexed using interview and parent report methods. As found in previous reports, children with the DRD2 A1 allele received less supportive parenting and displayed higher levels of negative emotionality during parent–child interactions. Tests of mediation and moderation were conducted. Conclusion We found associations between the DRD2 A1 allele and early-emerging anxious and depressive symptoms in a community sample of preschool-aged children, and evidence of a gene–environment correlation and moderation of the main effect of child genotype on child symptoms by parenting.
Pulmonary stretch receptor relay neurones of the cat: location and contralateral medullary projections.

1. The activity of pump (p.) cells, second‐order neurones in the pulmonary stretch receptor pathway, was recorded extracellularly in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (n.t.s.) of the decerebrate cat. Their firing was proportional to changes in lung volume but unrelated to the centrally determined respiratory rhythm. A systematic search of the n.t. s. for the location of p. cells was made and an assessment of their efferent projection to the contralateral n.t. s. was determined electrophysiologically by the antidromic mapping technique. 2. P. cells were located around, and in close proximity to, the solitary tract. The two sites of greatest density were ventromedial and dorsolateral to the tract, with lower concentrations found laterally and ventrolaterally. 3. For twelve of the thirty p. cells tested, evidence of a projection to the contralateral n.t. s. was obtained; in seven of these cells, axonal arborizations within the projection area were identified. Almost all the cells that sent axons to the contralateral n.t. s. were located dorsolateral to the tract; there was no evidence that cells in the ventromedial region had contralateral projections. 4. No evidence that R beta neurones project to the contralateral commissural and ventrolateral subnuclei was found. 5. No p. cells projected to the contralateral ventrolateral n.t. s. The site of projection and branching was consistently localized just caudal to the obex and medial to the solitary tract, in the caudal medial, and commissural subnuclei of the n.t. s. This same region has been shown to receive a dense, direct projection from pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors.
The Impact of the Processes in the Southern Ocean on ENSO Development

The paper presents the review of the model study of the role of the Southern Ocean in the processes of interaction of the ocean-atmosphere system at short time scales impacting the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is shown that the variability of wind and atmospheric pressure over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), together with the effects of the topography and coastline, significantly impact the development of ENSO events. A new paradigm for ENSO is proposed that allows explaining the current weakening of the interrelation between the variability in wind and water volume in the tropical warm pool in the western equatorial Pacific and the onset of ENSO. The weakness of the interrelationship between ENSO and variability in the equatorial warm water volume of the equatorial Pacific, together with wind variability in the western equatorial Pacific, can be explained by the fact that the process occurred in the Southern Ocean recently became a major contributor amplifying ENSO events. The reproduction in numerical models of ocean dynamics for the mechanism found can improve the accuracy of the forecast of El Nino events.