Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Green Innovation, Social Entrepreneurship, and Sustainable Development

Economic growth is one of the important objectives of economic policy due to the beneficial effects it has on employment and economic well-being. The work carried out in the last few decades has highlighted the roles that entrepreneurship and innovation play in promoting this objective. However, the environmental deterioration resulting from policies implemented to stimulate growth has led to considerations of other objectives that are more compatible with the defense of the environment, such as sustainable development. Therefore, it is important to determine the factors that stimulate them. This paper considers traditional and social entrepreneurship and innovations and green innovation. The effect of institutions as generators of legal and economic environments on both types of entrepreneurship is contemplated. On the other hand, considering the possibility of “bidirectional causality”, the relationship between both types of entrepreneurship and institutions is also analyzed. This will allow us to design measures aimed at stimulating sustainable development. The objective of this paper is to analyze these relationships through two estimates: first, an analysis of the relationship between both types of entrepreneurship and innovations and sustainable development and second, the relationship between social and traditional entrepreneurship and institutions. In both cases, the path coefficient of each of them is compared with respect to the final objective, which would be useful when designing economic policies. Empirical analysis is carried out, producing an estimation of the structural equation modeling (SEM) model using the partial least squares (PLS) technique in the case of 20 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
60-GHz Air Substrate Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on MEMS Micromachining Technology

In this paper, a 60-GHz air substrate leaky-wave antenna based on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) bulk micromachining is proposed. Using penetration dry etching and gold plating processes, the air-filled leaky-wave slots, waveguide, and coupling slot, which are located in the top, middle, and bottom silicon-based layers, respectively, are generated. The three layers are stacked and clamped together using two location pins and five metal screws. The most distinctive feature of the proposed antenna is that the electromagnetic wave cannot see any substrates, except for the air medium, leading to good antenna performance. Good agreement between simulation and measurement demonstrates that the MEMS micromachining process fulfills the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) accuracy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that an air substrate mm-wave antenna is fabricated using the MEMS bulk micromachining technology. The fabricated prototype with a bandwidth of 17.3% and a peak gain of 11.4 dBi is attractive for mm-wave wireless communication applications. Validity of the feasibility provides the possibility to realize the system-in-package solutions.
The influence of gender and age on the thickness and echo‐density of skin

The more recent use of ultrasound scanning allows a direct measurement on unmodified skin, and is considered to be a reliable method for in vivo measurement of epidermal and dermal thickness. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of gender and age on the thickness and echo‐density of skin measured by high frequency ultrasonography (HFUS).
Autopsy findings in severe malaria – a case report

Severe malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection, has a high mortality rate and is the main cause of death in malaria. Since clinical autopsy is unpopular in Indonesia, autopsy examination in malaria cases is rarely done. We reported a forty three year old woman from non endemic area that was dead because of severe malaria. Diagnosis was concluded from autopsy, histopathology, and toxicology. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 210-5) Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, cerebral malaria, black water fever
Triglyceride to HDL-C Ratio and Increased Arterial Stiffness in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lipid levels are linked to early atherosclerosis. Risk stratification may be improved by using triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), which relates to arterial stiffness in adults. We tested whether TG/HDL-C was an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in youth. METHODS: Subjects 10 to 26 years old (mean 18.9 years, 39% male, 56% non-Caucasian, n = 893) had laboratory, anthropometric, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness data collected (brachial distensibility, augmentation index, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity). Subjects were stratified into tertiles of TG/HDL-C (low, n = 227; mid, n = 288; high, n = 379). RESULTS: There was a progressive rise in cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and arterial stiffness across TG/HDL-C ratio. The high TG/HDL-C ratio group had the stiffest vessels (all P < .03 by analysis of variance). TG/HDL-C as a continuous variable was an independent determinant of brachial distensibility in CV risk factor adjusted model and for carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity in obese subjects, with trend for higher augmentation index. CONCLUSIONS: TG/HDL-C, an estimate of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is an independent determinant of arterial stiffness in adolescents and young adults, especially in obese youth. These data suggest that use of TG/HDL-C may be helpful in identifying young adults requiring aggressive intervention to prevent atherosclerotic CV diseases.
Theory and Research Concerning Social Comparisons of Personal Attributes

Social comparison theory has evolved considerably since Festinger (1954) originally proposed it. This article integrates these changes with insights offered by recent social comparison studies and by research on social cognition and the self. Contrary to the original theory or subsequent research, (a) the individual is not always an unbiased self-evaluator but may seek many goals through social comparison; (b) the social environment may not be inactive but may impose unwanted comparisons; and (c) the comparison process involves more than selecting a comparison target: It is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional, and it may adopt a variety of forms to meet the individual's goals. Research involving comparisons of personal attributes illustrates these principles.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Metabolic link to ischemic brain injury and target of oxidative stress

The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme complex (greater than 7 million Daltons) that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (the reduced form, NADH), and CO2. This reaction constitutes the bridge between anaerobic and aerobic cerebral energy metabolism. PDHC enzyme activity and immunoreactivity are lost in selectively vulnerable neurons after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Evidence from experiments carried out in vitro suggests that reperfusion‐dependent loss of activity is caused by oxidative protein modifications. Impaired enzyme activity may explain the reduced cerebral glucose and oxygen consumption that occurs after cerebral ischemia. This hypothesis is supported by the hyperoxidation of mitochondrial electron transport chain components and NAD(H) that occurs during reperfusion, indicating that NADH production, rather than utilization, is rate limiting. Additional support comes from the findings that immediate postischemic administration of acetyl‐L‐carnitine both reduces brain lactate/pyruvate ratios and improves neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest in animals. As acetyl‐L‐carnitine is converted to acetyl CoA, the product of the PDHC reaction, it follows that impaired production of NADH is due to reduced activity of either PDHC or one or more steps in glycolysis. Impaired cerebral energy metabolism and PDHC activity are associated also with neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome, suggesting that this enzyme is an important link in the pathophysiology of both acute brain injury and chronic neurodegeneration. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbolic and Computational Mechanized Verification of the ARINC823 Avionic Protocols

We present the first formal analysis of two avionic protocols that aim to secure air-ground communications, the ARINC823 public-key and shared-key protocols. We verify these protocols both in the symbolic model of cryptography, using ProVerif, and in the computational model, using CryptoVerif. While we confirm many security properties of these protocols, we also find several weaknesses, attacks, and imprecisions in the standard. We propose fixes for these problems. This case study required the specification of new cryptographic primitives in CryptoVerif. It also illustrates the complementarity between symbolic and computational verification.
Optimal placement of a Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) to achieve improved stroke care

Tid till behandling ar livsviktigt for manniskor som far en stroke. Pa olika platser i varlden har man darfor sett vardet i att inforskaffa en specialambulans for stroke (stroke-ambulans) som har specialutrustning och specialpersonal som kan utfora intravenos behandling (trombolys). Da det ar uppenbart att dess involvering i varden skulle hjalpa atminstone en viss andel patienter anvands ofta ingen utvecklad metod eller analys av var och hur denna stroke-ambulans ska placeras. Genom att noggrant undersoka laget i Skane lan om hur denna placeringen kan ga till, ar vart mal att genom var metod, som bygger pa optimering av forvantade transporttider, upplysa beslutstagare om olika perspektiv man bor ta hansyn till. Var metod kan anvandas over olika geografiska omraden. Vi foreslar en optimeringsmetod som utgar fran tva olika perspektiv: effektivitet och jamlikhet. Metoden visar att beroende pa vilket perspektiv man valjer, kan den optimala placeringen for ett givet omrade variera kraftigt. Det ar darfor viktigt att beslutstagare av placering for stroke-ambulanser har tydliga och val genomtankta mal. Dessa mal bor aven innefatta de lokala sjukhusens mal nar det kommer till forbattring av behandlingstiden for strokepatienter, s.k. door-to-needle-time (DTN) da dessa i vissa fall kan gora storre forbattringar an vad en inforskaffning av en stroke-ambulans skulle gora.
Pharmacogenetics of the CD14 endotoxin receptor polymorphism and progression of coronary atherosclerosis

Summary Atherosclerosis is at least in part an inflammatory disease. CD14 is an endotoxin receptor that after binding of lipopolysaccharides evokes endothelial activation and secretion of several cytokines. A polymorphism of CD14 has been associated with myocardial infarction. We evaluated the role of the -159 T/C polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD14 gene in relation to severity and progression of coronary atherosclerosis and response to the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin. We recruited patients from the multicenter double-blind randomized placebo controlled REGRESS trial and genotyped the -159T/C CD14 polymorphism. DNA and angiographic follow-up were available from 759 patients with objectivated coronary artery disease. We measured changes in mean segment diameter (MSD) and minimum obstruction diameter (MOD) with quantitative coronary angiography and noted the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. The genotype distribution was 28% TT, 49% CT, 23% CC. We did not find any association between genotype and MSD and MOD at baseline, frequency of previous myocardial infarction, changes in MSD and MOD or major clinical events. Treatment with the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis and adverse events equally for all genotypes. We conclude, that the -159T/C polymorphism in the CD14 monocyte receptor gene was not associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis in this population nor did it influence the efficacy of pravastatin in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Genetics of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Asians

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), are among the commonest autoimmune disorders, affecting approximately 2-5 % of the population. Epidemiological data support strong genetic influences on the development of AITD. The identification of genes placing individuals at an increased risk for the development of AITD has been a slow process. However, over the last 20 years real progress has been made with the mapping of novel loci, via a number of different approaches. The first AITD gene discovered, Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), is associated with both GD and HT. Non-MHC genes that confer susceptibility to AITD can be classified into two groups: (1) immune-regulatory genes (e.g: CD40, CTLA-4, and PTPN22); (2) thyroidspecific genes—thyroglobulin and TSH receptor genes. These genes interact with environmental factors, such as infection, likely through epigenetic mechanisms to trigger disease. In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on AITD susceptibility genes in Asians in comparison with Caucasians.
Adenovirus-Mediated GDNF and CNTF Pretreatment Protects against Striatal Injury Following Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

During the last few years, adenoviral gene transfer techniques have achieved increasing interest in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, gene therapy requires that delivered genes are translated into proteins. This may pose a problem in focal ischemia where protein synthesis is compromized. The present study was conducted to find out the feasibility of adenoviral GDNF and CNTF delivery in transient focal ischemia, as induced by 30 min of intraluminar middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in mice. Injections of vehicle, of an adenoviral vector deleted in the E1 region (Ad-dE1) and of vectors expressing the GDNF (Ad-GDNF), CNTF (Ad-CNTF), or GFP (Ad-EGFP) gene from a CMV promoter were stereotactically placed in the dorsolateral striatum, i.e., the core of the MCA territory, and focal ischemia was induced seven days later. Thread occlusion resulted in disseminated injury of the striatum, but not the overlying cortex. The number of viable neurons was significantly increased after 1 and 3 days of reperfusion both in Ad-GDNF and Ad-CNTF as compared with vehicle or Ad-dE1-treated animals, whereas the number of injured cells was significantly reduced, as shown by cresyl violet staining, terminal transferase biotinylated-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and immunocytochemistry for activated caspase-3. Interestingly, the protective effects of Ad-GDNF were similarly strong in areas of the striatum adjacent and remote of the adenoviral infusion site, while Ad-CNTF showed pronounced rescue effects in the surrounding, but rather little effects distant to the infusion. The present study demonstrates that adenoviral delivery of neurotrophic factors may be a useful tool for the treatment of focal ischemia.
Solving ML equations for 2-parameter Poisson-process models for ungrouped software-failure data

Existence conditions are given for maximum likelihood (ML) parameter estimates for several families of 2-parameter software-reliability Poisson-process models. For each such model, the ML equations can be expressed in terms of one equation in one unknown. Bounds are given on solutions to these one equation problems to serve as initial intervals for search algorithms like bisection. Uniqueness of the solutions is established in some cases. Solutions are also tabulated for certain simple cases. Results are given for ungrouped failure data (exact times are available for all failures). ML estimation problems for such a situation are treated as limiting cases of problems based on failure times grouped into intervals of decreasing mesh.
Structural Biology of P450-Oxy Complexes

Precisely how P450s are able to insert an O atom with, in some cases, a high level of regioand stereo-selectivity remains an intriguing problem. Indeed, identifying the species that ultimately hydroxylates the substrate is often considered the “holy grail” of P450 enzymology. By analogy with peroxidases, P450s close cousin, the active hydroxylating intermediate is often called compound I. In most peroxidases both oxidizing equivalents of H2O2 are stored in the enzyme, one as Fe(IV)=O and the other as a porphyrin radical, and it normally is assumed that P450s form the same type of intermediate. Unfortunately it has not yet been possible to trap compound I in P450s under normal O2-driven reactions. However, it has been possible to trap some intermediates prior to cleavage of the O–O bond. The possible intermediates involved are illustrated by the following scheme.
3D-DXA: Assessing the Femoral Shape, the Trabecular Macrostructure and the Cortex in 3D from DXA images

The 3D distribution of the cortical and trabecular bone mass in the proximal femur is a critical component in determining fracture resistance that is not taken into account in clinical routine Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) examination. In this paper, a statistical shape and appearance model together with a 3D-2D registration approach are used to model the femoral shape and bone density distribution in 3D from an anteroposterior DXA projection. A model-based algorithm is subsequently used to segment the cortex and build a 3D map of the cortical thickness and density. Measurements characterising the geometry and density distribution were computed for various regions of interest in both cortical and trabecular compartments. Models and measurements provided by the “3D-DXA” software algorithm were evaluated using a database of 157 study subjects, by comparing 3D-DXA analyses (using DXA scanners from three manufacturers) with measurements performed by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). The mean point-to-surface distance between 3D-DXA and QCT femoral shapes was 0.93 mm. The mean absolute error between cortical thickness and density estimates measured by 3D-DXA and QCT was 0.33 mm and 72 mg/cm3. Correlation coefficients (R) between the 3D-DXA and QCT measurements were 0.86, 0.93, and 0.95 for the volumetric bone mineral density at the trabecular, cortical, and integral compartments respectively, and 0.91 for the mean cortical thickness. 3D-DXA provides a detailed analysis of the proximal femur, including a separate assessment of the cortical layer and trabecular macrostructure, which could potentially improve osteoporosis management while maintaining DXA as the standard routine modality.
Integrating self-paced mobile learning into language instruction: impact on reading comprehension and learner satisfaction

ABSTRACT The study integrated self-paced mobile learning (m-learning) into a language course, and examined what impacts were being produced on learners’ reading comprehension and student satisfaction resulting from the instruction with m-learning integration. The self-paced, learner-centered mobile learning integration instruction (MLI) was compared with group-oriented, teacher-centered instruction without m-learning integration. Six classes of students from three different departments participated in the study. One class from each department received MLI, while the other class from each department was involved in traditional learning instruction (TLI). Evaluation of the instruction was based upon data from the post-treatment reading test and one questionnaire related to learner satisfaction. The results revealed that the learners exposing to the MLI scored higher in the test than those with TLI, and they showed great satisfaction with the instruction integrating m-learning. Particularly, the students from the Department of Information Management receiving instruction supported by mobile technologies performed best in the reading test and gained the highest score on the satisfaction questionnaire.
FXR agonist GW4064 alleviates endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammation by repressing macrophage activation.

AIM To examine the effect of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation by GW4064 on endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 8 wk. HF diet-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with GW4064 (30 mg/kg) or DMSO (vehicle) once daily for a week and then sacrificed after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/mouse) administration. Hepatic inflammation, levels of the macrophage marker F4/80, and apoptosis were measured at the end of the study. Additionally, the expression of proinflammatory genes involved in NAFLD (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, MCP-1) were analyzed by real-time PCR in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cultured with or without GW4064 (2 μmol/L) before treatment with LPS. RESULTS In patients with NAFLD, the expression of FXR was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the relation between FXR expression and NAFLD activity score (NAS) was analyzed. Activation of FXR by GW4064 alleviated hepatic inflammation induced by endotoxin in a murine NAFLD model fed an HF diet as reflected by reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine levels in liver tissues were also reduced by GW4064, and GW4064 could reduce induction of proinflammatory cytokines by LPS in vitro. FXR levels were reduced in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with healthy controls and were negatively correlated with NAS. CONCLUSION FXR activation attenuates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation in murine NAFLD by reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
The actions of sodium nitroprusside and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor dipyridamole on phasic activity in the isolated guinea‐pig bladder

To investigate the actions of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, which purport to affect intracellular cGMP levels, on the phasic activity generated by agonist stimulation of the isolated whole bladder of the guinea pig.
EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN LOCAL AND GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS Evidence from Plant-Level Data May 2010

Abstract We investigate the existence of local (within-country) and global (between-country) knowledge spillovers within a single analytical framework by considering specifically the role of agglomeration economies in fostering interactions between these two types of externalities. Our study is based on a database of Irish manufacturing foreign multinational and domestic plants covering the period 1990-1995. The results of our econometric analysis show that while the R&D undertaken by multinationals active in Ireland has had no significant impact on local plants’ productivity, these multinationals have, nevertheless, through their presence favoured the diffusion of global R&D spillovers. Foreign affiliates in turn have directly gained from the size of the R&D stock in their origin country, but there is no evidence that foreign affiliates located in Ireland have benefited from local R&D spillovers. A fundamental difference between locally generated spillovers and locally transmitted global spillovers appears to be that the latter is much less constrained by distance decay effects.