Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communications in Mathematical Physics Travelling Breathers with Exponentially Small Tails in a Chain of Nonlinear Oscillators

We study the existence of travelling breathers in Klein-Gordon chains, which consist of one-dimensional networks of nonlinear oscillators in an anharmonic on-site potential, linearly coupled to their nearest neighbors. Travelling breathers are spatially localized solutions which appear time periodic in a referential in translation at constant velocity. Approximate solutions of this type have been constructed in the form of modulated plane waves, whose envelopes satisfy the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (M. Remoissenet, Phys. Rev. B 33, n.4, 2386 (1986), J. Giannoulis and A. Mielke, Nonlinearity 17, p. 551–565 (2004)). In the case of travelling waves (where the phase velocity of the plane wave equals the group velocity of the wave packet), the existence of nearby exact solutions has been proved by Iooss and Kirchgässner, who have obtained exact solitary wave solutions superposed on an exponentially small oscillatory tail (G. Iooss, K. Kirchgässner, Commun. Math. Phys. 211, 439–464 (2000)). However, a rigorous existence result has been lacking in the more general case when phase and group velocities are different. This situation is examined in the present paper, in a case when the breather period and the inverse of its velocity are commensurate. We show that the center manifold reduction method introduced by Iooss and Kirchgässner is still applicable when the problem is formulated in an appropriate way. This allows us to reduce the problem locally to a finite dimensional reversible system of ordinary differential equations, whose principal part admits homoclinic solutions to quasi-periodic orbits under general conditions on the potential. For an even potential, using the additional symmetry of the system, we obtain homoclinic orbits to small periodic ones for the full reduced system. For the oscillator chain, these orbits correspond to exact small amplitude travelling breather solutions superposed on an exponentially small oscillatory tail. Their principal part (excluding the tail) coincides at leading order with the nonlinear Schrödinger approximation. 52 G. James, Y. Sire
Determining information sources used by crop producers: A case study of Gaziantep province in Turkey

This study was conducted to search for crop producers’ sources of soil operation, seed selection and seeding techniques, fertilizers and fertilizing, pest management, irrigation, input selection and product marketing information. Socioeconomic characteristics and information- seeking behavior influencing farmers’ decisions to select their information sources was also the purpose of the study. Data were collected from a sample of 169 crop producers in Gaziantep province of Turkey. Results showed that crop producers use more information coming from traditional sources as compared to modern information sources. Contacts with extension service, educational level, use of printed materials and Internet had influence on their use of modern information sources for the practices covered in this study.
Applicability of the theory of planned behavior in predicting intended use of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing services among teachers of Harari Region Ethiopia.

Background: The predictive validity and applicability of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) may be a promising model for understanding and predicting intended behaviors to use VCT services. The need for theory based study would thus be essential in designing evidence based HIV-related interventions in the future. Objectives: To examine the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the additional predictive role of perceived risk in predicting intended use of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing (VCT) services. Methods: A cross sectional study design was conducted among 20 randomly selected schools in Harari Region between March and April 2009. Four hundred ninety seven randomly selected teachers consented to participate in the study giving a response rate of 87.8%. Self administered questionnaire, adopted from the TPB was used for data collection. Multiple linear regression models were used to predict the role of important variables that can influence the intention to use VCT among teachers using SPSS version 15. Result: More than half (53.7%) who had never used VCT service were considered in the analysis for the intended VCT service use. All the modal variables correlated significantly with behavioral intention. Subjective norm (r=0.45, p<0.001), perceived behavioral control (r=0.42, p<0.001) attitude (r=0.33, p<0.001) and perceived susceptibility(r=0.25, p<0.001), were significantly and positively correlated while perceived severity to the illness (r= -0.14, P<0.001) was significantly but negatively correlated with behavioral intention. Perceived severity of the illness, normative belief and having high level of self control were the major predictors for intended use of VCT. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the TBP is a useful model for evidence based educational programs focusing mainly on creating supportive social system and strengthens their self efficacy for positive VCT uptake. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2010;24(2):96-102]
Limestone and phosphogypsum effects on soil fertility , soybean leaf nutrition and yield

Quantifying soil and plant response to surface applied limestone and phosphogypsum (PG) will help promote no-tillage soybean production. Our objective was to determine effects of annual surface application of phosphogypsum and limestone on soil profile chemistry, fertilizer use efficiency, soybean leaf nutrient concentrations, seed yield, and yield components under a no-tillage system (NTS). The study was conducted in the Brazilian Cerrado under field conditions during three growing seasons on an acidic clay loam soil. Four soil remediation treatments [(limestone, lime + phosphogypsum, phosphogypsum and control (no soil correction)] with four fertilizer levels (0, 50, 100 and 150% of recommended P and K fertilizer for soybean) were arranged in a randomized design using a 4 × 4 factorial design. Treatments involving lime application improved soil chemical characteristics of the soil, resulted in significant increases in plant nutrient concentrations, and increased soybean grain yield. In contrast, application of phosphogypsum did not improve plant development conditions and resulted in no significant changes in soil properties or soybean grain yield. Using increased fertilizer application rates for 3 years also produced significant increases in soybean grain yield. Our results imply that, for acidic soils liming NTS is the best practice to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Youth justice conferencing and reoffending

The literature on restorative justice and reoffending consists largely of comparative analyses of traditional and restorative interventions and suggests small but significant differences or no differences in reoffending. We gathered data from conferencing observations and police records to explore the variable effects of conference dynamics and offenders' characteristics in predicting future offending. We found that youthful offenders who were observed to be remorseful and whose outcomes were reached by consensus were less likely to reoffend. This finding suggests that when attention is focused on the benefits of conferencing, it is possible to identify elements of conferences that are associated with reductions in crime.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND SPECTRO-ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NATURAL AFRICAN MINERAL DYE

Chromatographic fractionation and spectroscopic characterization of a natural African mineral dye have been carried out. The chromatographic separation of the dyes made use of column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. Some physicochemical properties of the dye including solubility in polar and non-polar solvents, pH, ash and organic contents were determined. The spectro-analytical techniques used for characterization included energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Optical microscopy, infrared (IR) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Four different fractions having colours yellow, grey, orange and purple were obtained from the chromatographic separation. All the fractions were found to contain aromatic nucleus based on IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic data. Other functional groups detected are Ar-NH 2 , -CONH 2 , C=C, C-C and metal-carbon chelate rings. The presence of aromatic amine in the dye provides strong evidence for its use as hair dye. The dye was found to be soluble in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. The pH of the dye's aqueous solution was found to be 8.6, and the ash and organic content of the raw dye were 49 % and 51 % respectively. The XRF revealed that the dye contains twenty elements with concentrations ranging from major to ultra-trace levels. The XRD also showed that the sample contains about forty-six mineral phases which include both inorganic and organic components. The maximum absorption wavelength (λ max ) in UV-VIS of the aqueous solution was found to be 464 nm. The optical microscopic investigation gave indication that the dyes are likely to be of the marine origin. KEY WORDS : Natural African mineral dye, Chromatographic separation, Composition, Inorganic, Organic, XRF, XRD, Optical microscopic, Marine, Aromatic amine Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2007 , 21(2), 159-170.
Whey protein-based films incorporated with oregano essential oil

This study aimed to prepare whey protein-based films incorporated with oregano essential oil at different concentrations, and evaluate their properties and antimicrobial activity. Films were more flexible with increasing the concentration of oregano oil and water vapor permeability was higher in the films with oregano oil. Increasing the concentration of essential oil decreased the water solubility. The solubility of control film and film with 1.5% oregano oil was 20.2 and 14.0%, respectively. The addition of 1% of oregano oil improved the resistance of the films. The tensile strength for the control film was 66.0 MPa, while for the film with 1% of oregano oil was 108.7 MPa. Films containing 1.5% oregano oil showed higher antimicrobial activity. The zone of inhibition ranged from 0 to 1.7 cm. The results showed that the whey protein-based films incorporated with oregano essential oil has potential application as active packaging.
Phase Transformation and Optimized Growth of TFA-MOD REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x Films for Coated Conductors

Several types of REBa2Cu3O7-x (REBCO, RE=Y, Ho etc.) films are prepared on single crystal substrate LaAlO3 by TFA-MOD method. The phase transformation and optimized growth conditions in the crystallization are studied. Compared with SmBCO and GdBCO, high quality YBCO and HoBCO films are relatively easy to produce. It is revealed that the YBCO grains can form at low temperatures such as 730 ° C during the initial heating ramp. With a high heating rate of 20 K/min and a low oxygen pressure of 100 ppm, the optimum growth temperature is around 780 ° C, at which the films show a Jc value of 2.88 MA/cm 2 . Further decrease of the heating rate may produce the high- quality YBCO film with a higher Jc of 3.65 MA/cm 2 . The temperature dependence of resistances in various magnetic fields up to 9 T shows that the present TFA- MOD YBCO and HoBCO films have similar super- onducting transition temperature and magnetotransport properties.
Influence of caregiver on heart failure patients' disease beliefs and compliance

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is higher in Turkey than in western countries, even though Turkey has a younger population [1]. HF is a complicated clinical syndrome and it result from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood [2]. Therefore, people suffer from heart failure must re-organize their lifestyles on eating, medication recall, close attention to their body and stress reduction. These lifestyle modifications require the patient to comply with and believe medication, diet and self-monitor. A caregiver may help them in disease process. But, HF patients’ caregivers may need to be strength for a long time [3]. These people may experience burnout while caring for their patients. Caregiver burnout may affect a patient’s disease compliance and beliefs.
IMAGING IN PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY: SPECTRUM OF ABNORMALITIES DETECTED ON MRI

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate role of radio-imaging, with emphasis on MRI in comparison to other modalities, in patients of paediatric age group presenting with epilepsy and correlate it with clinical findings in Bundelkhand region. METHODS: Prospective data was obtained from evaluation of patients presenting with epilepsy in paediatric OPD and IPD, between 2010 and 2012. A total of 271 patients presenting with epilepsy (> 2 episodes of seizures) were included. CBC, Chest X-ray and CSF analysis were also performed for clinical evaluation as per need. Neurosonogram was done in 41 children below age of 1year (15.1%), Head CT was obtained in 167 (61.7%), MRI in all cases. EEG was done in all cases, except in 5 cases of trauma. Epilepsy provoked by causes such as fever, electrolyte imbalance and dehydration were excluded. RESULTS: We observed that generalized seizures were more common presentation, followed by partial seizures, mostly complex. Majority had more than 2 episodes of seizures at the time of presentation. MRI revealed positive findings in 191 cases (70.4%) and CT in 64 cases (38.3%) of 167 done. MRI had positive findings in 35 cases (34.0%) of 103 with normal CT scan. Most common cause of epilepsy in this region was found to be CNS tuberculosis (Tuberculomas, 15.7% & TBM, 14.6%), followed by Neurocysticercosis (11.0%), Encephalitis (7.9%), Demyelination (6.8%), Gliosis with or without Encephalomalacia (6.8%), Periventricular leukomalacia (5.2%), Infarct (4.7%) & porencephaly (3.7%). Rare causes observed were leukodystrophy (7cases), intra-axial bleed (4 case) and extra-axial bleed (5case), heterotopias (4 case), abscess (2case) and Phakomatosis (Tuberous Sclerosis, 1 case). CONCLUSION: Since most of the seizures begin in paediatric age-group, which is crucial time for physical, psychosocial & mental growth, it is essential to evaluate the diverse varieties of aetiologies and manage patient accordingly. MRI thus proves to be the best for almost all pathologies, causing epilepsy, except trauma. INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is common sparing no age, race or ethnic background. The incidence of epilepsy is 1% [1], making it a common neurological condition. Epilepsy is first most common chronic condition seen by a paediatrician and second most common neurological condition seen by neurologists. It has lot of psychological, social and functional inabilities in children affected and their families.
Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning in Animals

Several articles have showed the effect of ALP toxicity on different organs. Toxicity mechanisms are not clearly understood yet. Due to the potential increased use of ALP as a fumigant and the lack of adequate toxicity data, previous studies were re-evaluated to characterize the epidemiological, toxicological, and clinical/ pathological aspects of ALP poisoning and its management. Related terms were looked up in bibliographical databases such as the Tehran University Medical Science Digital Library, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and British library. The studies suggest that phosphine targets the mitochondria and inhibits respiration in rat liver mitochondria, insect mitochondria, and intact nematodes. On the other hand, glutathione (GSH) levels are reduced in various tissues of ALP-poisoned rats, while remaining unchanged in insects and mammalian cells. Also, acetylcholine signaling is an important component of phosphine toxicity. Phosphine (PH 3 ) induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in insects, mammalian cells, and other animals. There is no known antidote for ALP intoxication; but, melatonin as an effective antidote protects against oxidative damage in the brain, lung, and liver of the rats and suggests the involvement of ROS in the genotoxicity of PH 3 . Cholinesterase inhibition responds to treatment with atropine, pralidoxime, and oral sweet almond oil, especially if used immediately after ALP poisoning. Several treatments have been used in animals some of which have not been tested in human-beings yet. Such treatments should be given in controlled situations with the hope they may be helpful in treating these patients.
Secular change in the rate of dental impaction

viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 3 Definition of Impaction . 3 Teeth Most Affected by Impaction . 3 Degrees of Impaction . 4 Angulations of Impaction . 5 Prevalence of Impaction between Groups . 7 Etiology . 8 Secular Change in the Prevalence of Impaction . 9 Secular Change in Dimensions of the Dental Arcade . 9 Chapter 3: Materials and Methods . 11 Chapter 4: Results . 17 Prevalence of Impaction . 17 Maxillary and Mandibular Dental Arcade Areas . 18 Secular Change in Prevalence of Impaction and Maxillary and Mandibular Arcade Areas . 20 Chapter 5: Discussion . 24 Prevalence of Impaction . 24 Maxillary and Mandibular Dental Arcade Areas . 25 Secular Change in Prevalence of Impaction . 25 Secular Change in Maxillary and Mandibular Dental Arcade Areas . 28 Relationship between Prevalence of Impaction and Relative Size of the Dental Arcade . 30
Observation-Oriented Causal Discovery for Cultivation Abandonment of Rice Terraces: Focusing on an Effect of Cultural Endemism on Decision-Making in Toraja, Indonesia

Previous discussion about the factors of the expanding trend of abandoned cultivation had focused only on universal factors and lacked evaluation of the regionality of the phenomenon. This paper demonstrated the Toraja’s regional characteristics and the influence of cultural endemism on decision-making about abandoning cultivation by an observation-oriented approach. Based on a causal framework constructed by field observation and geospatial data generation, an adjustment for overt covariates using the multivariate logistic regression model to draw the causal effect from hidden covariates was examined in two rice terraces with different water systems, i.e. irrigated field and rain-fed field. The result of sub-group analysis revealed that decisions about abandoning cultivation in Toraja were greatly associated with disadvantageous factors for intensive farming, i.e. “number of adjacent fields” and “soil erosion” rather than advantageous factors, i.e. “area of field” and “distance to roads”. Moreover, the result of interaction analysis which controlled the effect of topography revealed the powerful effect of particular decision factors only in rain-fed rice terrace: the “distance to roads” factor’s fairly negative contribution on abandoning cultivation (Odds ratio = 9.94E - 01, P value = 2.03E - 11), as well as the “number of adjacent field” factor’s positive contribution on abandoning cultivation (Odds ratio = 1.13E+00, P value = 3.65E - 04). Given the evidence from the explanation of these results by customary laws and land inheritance system for each site, therefore, it could be concluded that the screening and detection of cultural endemism’s influence was achieved using the algorithm this paper proposes.
Seasonal movements and dispersal patterns: Implications for recruitment and management of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus)

We investigated the general patterns of movements in willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) populations. We analyzed data from 300 radiocollared willow ptarmigan from 3 study areas in the Swedish mountain range, and from 2 previous studies of recoveries of wing-tagged chicks from 3 areas in southern Norway. We found that 80% of juvenile females dispersed more than 5 km from their natal area, whereas only 25% of juvenile males established a summer range more than 5 km from the area where they were caught as chicks. Mean dispersal distances of juvenile females were 3 times longer (10.4 km) than those of juvenile males (2.4 km). Movement differences within sexes were not associated with apparent female breeding success or ptarmigan density in the natal area, and adult females migrated between wintering areas used as juveniles and their first breeding site. We found no differences in dispersal distances between the Norwegian and Swedish populations. Movements of adult and juvenile females during spring were similar in all respects. At scales of more than 5 km, the movements of juveniles and adult females play a role in redistributing birds within landscape units, and represent important inter-population movements. The results of this study explain the apparent contradiction between non-compensatory mortality based on data from radio-marked ptarmigan, and the almost complete compensation based on annual counts. Estimating the extent of immigration into areas with high local mortality is difficult because of predation or harvest under conditions of high, fixed emigration and immigration dependent on local conditions. This represents a problem if dispersal distances include areas that are considerably larger than the size of the study area. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
The Bright Side of Cash Holdings: Innovation Efficiency

We find that firms with higher cash-to-assets ratios obtain more patents and patent citations for a given amount of research and development expenditures. We propose that large cash reserves increase managerial incentives to innovate by reducing the risk to their career from undertaking innovative projects. To establish causality, we employ two quasi-natural experiments to identify exogenous stimulation of innovation. Difference-in-differences estimations support the causal impact of cash holdings on innovation efficiency. Further analysis reveals that the effect of cash holdings on innovation is stronger for firms with tighter financial constraints, lower institutional ownership, or poorer managerial compensation incentives.
The study of clinical, biochemical and hematological profile in malaria patients

Background: Malaria is a major health problem in India. Malaria is the most important parasitic infection which causes major health challenges. Malaria pathogenesis is based on extensive changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The objective of this study was to study the clinical features, hematological and biochemical parameters in malaria patients and correlate them. Methods: The present study was done in the department of medicine, M.G. M.M. C & M.Y. H. Indore (M.P.). In this study various signs and symptoms and frequency of changes in hematological and biochemical parameters caused by Plasmodium species were determined. Mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum values of laboratory alterations were noted and associations were calculated. Results: 104 patients who had peripheral smear positive for malaria parasite were included in this study. Out of these 104 patients 53 (50.96%) patients of P. falciparum , 48 (46.15%) patients of P. vivax and 3 (2.88%) patients of mixed infection. In the present study most common system involved was haematological (69%) followed by hepatic (42.3%), renal (29.04%), neurological (28.84%), cardiovascular (16.34%) and pulmonary (2.88%). Conclusions: Malaria though potentially treatable, still kills many patients every year in India. The most common presentation of malaria is fever, so in endemic region malaria may be considered as a leading differential diagnosis in all patients presenting as acute febrile illness, especially patients who also have organomegaly, fall in hemoglobin level, thrombocytopenia and altered liver function tests. Therefore, it is vital to know and perform hematological and biochemical investigations to detect early complications and to treat them effectively.