Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Agricultural Wastes for the Growth , Leaf and Soil Chemical Composition of Cocoa Seedlings in the Nursery

An experiment investigating the effectiveness of wood ash, cocoa pod husk, rice bran and oil palm bunch ash used ordinarily or in combination with duck and turkey manures on the leaf, soil chemical composition and growth of cocoa seedlings in the nursery, was conducted in Akure (Lat 7N*, 5°WE) in the rainforest zone of Nigeria during the period of 1997 to 1999. Twelve organic residue treatments, each applied at 30 g per 10 kg soil (6t/ ha) in a polybag were compared to the NPK 15-15-15 (i.e recommended fertilization) applied 2 g per 10 kg soil (400 kg/ha) and a control treatment. The treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The residues and soils were chemically analyzed before seeds were sowed. Two cocoa seeds (Theobroma cacao (L.)) were planted into each polybag and thinned to one plant after 14 days. The growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, stem grotvth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, stem girth, leaf production, root and shoot dry weight were measured. The leaf nutrient contents and soil pH and organic C content were also determined. The results showed that the organic residue treatments significantly increased (p<0.05) the plant growth, leafN, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents soil pH and organic matter (O.M) compared to the control treatment All the organic residue treatments increased the growth, leaf and soil nutrients more than NPK fertilizer treatment except for soils N and P. The low pH of the soils when fertilized with NPK delayed E.L MOYIN JESU & B. ATOYOSOYE germination of cocoa seeds and the subsequent growth. Among plant residue treatments, the wood ash and oil palm bunch ash increased most the soil and leaf nutrient contents and growth parameters of cocoa seedlings while the soil treated with the combination of oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure indicated the best of growth, leaf and soil N, P, K, Ca, and Na contents, soil pH and organic matter content.
IDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI PADA MATERI PRINSIP ARCHIMEDES DI SMK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TES DIAGNOSTIK PILIHAN GANDA TIGA TINGKAT

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi pada materi prinsip archimedes di SMK dengan menggunakan tes diagnostik pilihan ganda tiga tingkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kabupaten Bandung dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 2 kelas. Kelas pertama terdiri dari 31 siswa kelas X yang belum mendapatkan pembelajaran prinsip archimedes sedangkan kelas kedua terdiri 32 orang siswa kelas XI yang telah mendapatkan pembelajaran prinsip archimedes. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes diagnostikberbentuk pilihan ganda yang memiliki tiga tingkatan (pertanyaan, alasan, keyakinan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada kelas yang belum mendapatkan pembelajaran, rata-rata sebesar 21.98% siswa memahami konsep, 18.25% siswa memiliki pemahaman konsep yang kurang, 7.26% siswa tidak paham konsep dan 52.42% siswa mengalami miskonsepsi. Sedangkan pada kelas yang sudah mendapatkan pembelajaran prinsip archimedes, rata-rata sebesar 25.00% siswa memahami konsep, 31.05% siswa memiliki pemahaman konsep yang kurang, 4.49% siswa tidak paham konsep dan 39.45% siswa mengalami miskonsepsi.Tingginya nilai rata-rata presentasi miskonsepsi pada kedua kelas menunjukan bahwa miskonsepsi masihmendominasi konsepsi yang dimiliki siswa pada materi fisika sehingga menjadi tantangan bagi guru fisika untuk terus mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran untuk mereduksinya. Kata Kunci: Miskonsepsi; Prinsip Archimedes; Tes Tiga Tingkat.
A COMPARISON OF BUSINESS CYCLES SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE EURO AREA AND SOME POTENTIAL MONETARY UNIONS

Synchronization of business cycle is one of the main criteria for creation of a monetary union. With increasing synchronization of business cycle, a probability of occurrence of demand and supply shocks, which are asymmetric, decreases. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate synchronicity of business cycle in the euro area and some potential monetary unions. There are MERCOSUR (i.e. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela), NAFTA (Canada, Mexico and the United States of America). For this aim, correlation analysis and two indexes of cyclical components of GDP are used. The cyclical components of GDP are obtained due to the Hodrick-Prescott filter. The results indicate a high degree of business cycles synchronization among states of the euro area (especially in countries of so called core of the euro area) and states of NAFTA. In opposite, a lower degree of business cycles synchronization was reached among states of MERCOSUR. According to the criterion of business cycle synchronization, NAFTA is more appropriate candidate than MERCOSUR for creation monetary area.
EFFECTS OF THE CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH ON STUDENTS' CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING: “THE UMBRA, THE SOLAR ECLIPSE AND THE LUNAR ECLIPSE”

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of context-based learning approach (CBLA) on 5th grade students’ misconceptions about ‘the umbra, solar and lunar eclipses’. In this study, a quasi-experimental methodology pre-test and post-test design was utilized with control and experimental groups. The study was conducted with 48 5th grade students (aged 10 to 11 years). For the experimental group, the topics were explained using the CBLA while for the control group the 5E teaching model of the constructivist approach was used. For data collection, a two-tier conceptual test and a semi-structured interview were used. Study results indicated that the learning environment designed in accordance with the CBLA was a superior instructional tool than the 5E teaching model learning environment in terms of students' conceptual learning performance and eliminating students' misconceptions. In addition, CBLA helped students to link between the scientific concepts and the context related to the daily life. Key words: context-based learning approach, conceptual understanding, umbra, lunar and solar eclipses.
A LINEAR 3-D FINITE ELEMENT UNIT CELL MODEL FOR FIBRE WAVINESS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Composite materials have great potential to continue to improve the efficiency of aircraft manufacture and operation, however they are still limited in their applications because of their damage tolerance properties. As a result, the damage tolerance of composites is still being extensively researched around the world. The purpose of such research is to gain understanding of failure mechanisms and develop improved failure models, hopefully reducing conservative design factors. Researchers are also improving the damage tolerance of composite materials by such methods as toughened resins or throughthickness reinforcement (TTR). The development of a simple unit cell model to investigate the mechanical properties of a composite laminate with TTR is presented. The equivalent stiffness of the unit cell is evaluated using a voxel (volume pixel), finite element (FE) model. The model results are compared to literature and prove to offer equivalent or better results, at a quarter of the required elements, reducing time and resources required for analysis. The model developed will continue to be further refined and validated using experimental results.
Optimal control of flapping wing accounting for nonsteady effects

The optimization of flapping wing trajectory for the minimization energy consumed by the wing and associated with induced power losses is considered in this paper. An aircraft with such a wing is assumed to move in a horizontal direction at constant velocity. The flapping wing moves up and down at constant velocity. Unsteady vortex wake influence is analyzed. Comparison of the efficiency coefficients is performed for the steady case, as well as for the one with the sinusoidal and optimal control for the flapping wing. Also, comparison with another type of the thrust creation (propeller) is performed. Santrauka Siame tyrime svarstomas plasnojancio sparno trajektorijos optimizavimas tam, kad būtu minimizuota sparno sunaudota energija bei jos itakoti galios nuostoliai. Manoma, kad orlaivis su tokiu sparnu juda pastoviu greiciu horizontalia kryptimi. Plasnojantis sparnas aukstyn ir žemyn juda pastoviu greiciu. Analizuotas nestacionaraus sūkuriu pedsako poveikis. Taip pat palygintas koeficientu efektyvumas stacionariu atveju bei esant sinusoidiniam ir optimaliam sparno valdymui. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010 Reiksminiai žodžiai: plasnojantis sparnas, nestacionarus sūkuriu pedsakas, optimalus reguliavimas
Degree Conditions for Embedding Trees

We conjecture that every $n$-vertex graph of minimum degree at least $\frac k2$ and maximum degree at least $2k$ contains all trees with $k$ edges as subgraphs. We prove an approximate version of this conjecture for trees of bounded degree and dense host graphs. Our work also has implications on the Erd\H os--S\'os conjecture and the $\frac 23$-conjecture. We prove an approximate version of both conjectures for bounded degree trees and dense host graphs.
A New Biaxial Tension Test Fixture for Uniaxial Testing Machine—A Validation for Hyperelastic Behavior of Rubber-like Materials

A new mechanism for a biaxial tension test is developed for loading an in-plane specimen simultaneously in two principal directions. This mechanism can be adapted to any uniaxial tension test machine and thereby it reduces the cost of conducting tests on expensive machines. It provides a uniform state of equibiaxial tension necessary for procedure characterizing the biaxial loading of any material system and particularly for understanding the hyperelastic behavior law of rubber-like materials for large deformations. The mechanism can also be utilized for evaluating an interaction coefficient of anisotropic or orthotropic materials like reinforced composites that can help in characterizing and predicting failure behavior. As a sample case, the experimental results obtained by this new mechanism are validated with the existing models for two rubber-like materials undergoing hyperelasticity.
THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER RISK ASSESSMENT IN SAMUT SONGKHRAM PROVINCE, THAILAND

Samut Songkhram is one of popular tourist destinations in Thailand; however, it is the very high risk province of the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak. Therefore, it is essential and urgent to monitor the tourists within the areas from the DHF. This research aimed to study the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in DHF risk assessment and to study factors influencing of this province. The researcher collected 11 factors data including population density, household number, elevation, temperature, humidity, rainfall, residential areas, drainage areas, agricultural areas and man-made and natural water resources from related organizations to analyze relationship with DHF patients in the province. With the Pearson’s Correlations statistic, there were four main factors relating the DHF incidence including population density, household number, residential areas and man-made water resources. According to the created GIS model of DHF risk assessment, it was discovered that 9% of the total areas were the very high risk areas, 23.89% were the high risk areas, 13.14% were the moderate risk areas, and 53.97% were the low risk areas. At a district level including Muang Samut Songkham, Bang Khonthi and Amphawa, it was found that Muang Samut Songkham was the only very high risk area covering 79.78km. At a subdistrict level, Mae Khlong and Lat Yai were the very high risk areas. The factors influencing showed residential areas. After applying the GIS in DHF risk assessment, it was demonstrated that the GIS was one of an effective tools for DHF surveillance.
Preventive Choices: Organizations' Heuristics, Decision Processes and Catastrophic Risks

Organizational decision processes and criteria for making choices about reducing the chances of catastrophic accidents are examined in six case studies of large chemical firms. The processes and heuristics observed are not consistent with the compensatory decision rules presumed by strict liability laws. They are consistent with satisficing, ambiguity management, and some aspects of threat-rigidity behaviours observed in other arenas of organization studies. They are also consistent with psychological findings about how individuals make decisions about lowprobability catastrophe risks. The heuristics may derive in part from anticipated accountability to outsiders and higher managers. They may lead to ‘too much’ attention to some catastrophe risks, ‘too little’ to others.
EVALUATION OF DYSMENORRHEA AMONG WOMEN AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN A REGION OF WESTERN TURKEY

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among a group of women and its effect on their quality of life (QoL). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 729 women in reproductive age in a town of western Turkey between March and April 2009. The questionnaire form was filled in by a face to face method. The severity of menstrual pain was determined by Visual Analogue Scale. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the Short Form-36 (SF-36). The Chi-square test, Student t test, Analysis of Variance and Logistic Regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. A value of p<0.05 was accepted statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 63.6%. Not giving birth, menstrual irregularity, and a family history of dysmenorrhea were important risk factors for dysmenorrhea (p<0.05 for each one). The domains of QoL was lower in women with dysmenorrhea when compared to women without dysmenorrhea (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is a public health problem that affects quality of life.
Improving decision making in schools through teacher participation

The hierarchical structure that places head teachers at the apex of a pyramid of staff is a common feature in secondary schools in Kenya. In this arrangement, school heads are poised to use their superior knowledge and experience to direct and control the working of the entire school. This negatively affects efficiency and productivity of the schools because teachers work at half steam because they are not effectively involved in decision making to make them feel as part of the schools. Owing to the dynamics of professionalism and diversity of ideas in secondary schools occasioned by staffing schools with professionally trained teachers and the need to decentralize decision making to the lower levels, the hierarchical structure in management of schools is challenged. On many occasions head-teachers have been advised to involve teachers in decision making as a way of motivating them and to create a feeling of belonging. This study was designed to investigate the extent to which teachers were involved in decision making in comparison to their desired extent of participation. An ex-post facto study was designed. One hundred and twenty three teachers responded to the participatory decision making questionnaire. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It was found that teachers desired greater involvement in decision making than they were currently involved. It was recommended that school managers should increase the extent to which they involve teachers in decision making to improve on the quality of decisions and boost their morale in their performance of duty.
A newly application of the random matrix theory on the exploration of the efficiency of investment portfolios in the Taiwan Stock Market

In the past, the investment portfolio theory regarding stock price deviation was considered to be individual risk that occurred in the market at random. However, the outcome efficiency of portfolios could be influenced by other factors that were found to be interrelated. In this study, we attempted to filter out those random parts of correlation matrix by the walk forward approach (WFA), and applied the Random matrix theory (RMT) that was developed from nuclear physics. We constructed a portfolio and then estimate the accumulation returns and Sharpe ratio. Based on the daily trading records from the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE), the component indexes were grouped into 19 categories from Jan. 2, 2007 to Jan. 29, 2010, and there were a total of 767 data set entries as input information to this study. We employed variance tests, ANOVA, and least squares mean (LSM) to test the results. This study finds that, in general, the random part of stock return increases the portfolio risk, and consequently decreases the efficiency of the portfolio. In addition, this study adapted the concept of principal component analysis to analyze the information eigenvectors, which provided the information sequence for detecting the presence of unusual information that might affect the portfolio. As a result, the new approach could be helpful in forecasting the direction of price fluctuation. Key words: Stock index, Random matrix theory, investment portfolio theory, principal component analysis, interrelated factor.
An Experimental Study of the Drying of Papayes by Solar Panels

One of the major problems concerning the use of solar panels for heating is the low level of thermal interchange with air in the dynamic vein of the solar panel. This weakness in such systems does not enable an optimum performance or high level of thermal efficiency to be obtained from their use. There is, however, a very noticeable improvement to thermal transfer when baffles are placed in rows in the ducts. To conduct the experiments, solar energy was simulated, the aim being to improve the ratio between temperature and thermal efficiency of an air heating plane solar panel and to make use of the system to reduce the drying time of papayes.
Placental contribution to the endocrinology of gestation and parturition

Abstract In addition to many other functions, the placenta is a source of a vast number of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine factors. However, the spectrum of placental regulatory factors, their concentrations, gestational profiles and roles may differ considerably even between phylogenetically closely related species. Depending on the species, placental regulatory factors of a broad range of molecule classes have been found including (glyco-)proteins, peptides, steroids and prostaglandins. Local placental regulatory factors are especially important for the dialogue between the fetal and the maternal compartment immediately at the feto-maternal borderline and for the control of growth, differentiation and functions of the placenta itself. Moreover, placental hormones in a proper sense may also have effects in more remote targets within the maternal compartment, serving functions such as pregnancy-specific adaptations of maternal circulation, provision of hemotrophe to the fetus or the development and function of the mammary gland. Functions of placental hormones in the fetus proper are less clear but may be especially important before the establishment of a functional fetal endocrine system and near term within the highly species-specific networks of signals preparing and initiating parturition. This review takes a comparative view on the situation in different domestic animals focusing on ruminants and on placental hormones occurring at significant concentrations in the maternal circulation.
Commuting semigroups of holomorphic mappings

Let $S_{1}=\left\{F_t\right\}_{t\geq 0}$ and $S_{2}=\left\{G_t\right\}_{t\geq 0}$ be two continuous semigroups of holomorphic self-mappings of the unit disk $\Delta=\{z:|z|<1\}$ generated by $f$ and $g$, respectively. We present conditions on the behavior of $f$ (or $g$) in a neighborhood of a fixed point of $S_{1}$ (or $S_{2}$), under which the commutativity of two elements, say, $F_1$ and $G_1$ of the semigroups implies that the semigroups commute, i.e., $F_{t}\circ G_{s}=G_{s}\circ F_{t}$ for all $s,t\geq 0$. As an auxiliary result, we show that the existence of the (angular or unrestricted) $n$-th derivative of the generator $f$ of a semigroup $\left\{F_t\right\}_{t\geq 0}$ at a boundary null point of $f$ implies that the corresponding derivatives of $F_{t}$, $t\geq 0$, also exist, and we obtain formulae connecting them for $n=2,3$.
Associations between muscle myotonometry (a)symmetry and functional movement performance in young women and men

Asymmetry of body parts refers to absence of symmetry and unevenly developed body parts in terms of the axis and plane. It has been long ago noticed that no perfectly correct human body exists, and bodies are to a greater or lesser extent asymmetric. A passive way of life, insufficient movement and inappropriate ergonomics of the workplace have a negative impact on the skeletal muscle system, usually resulting in reduced muscle power, static and dynamic muscle endurance, and altered muscle tone. The aim is to determine whether muscle myotonometry parameters are informative in early risk diagnostics to predict the likelihood of skeletal muscle system trauma. The study involved 382 people aged 18-24. Participants were devided into two groups: according to the accumulated composite score. Testing was made one time. The study consisted of functional movement and myotonometry evaluation. The study analyses and presents comparisons of the results depending on the trauma likelihood and sex. In addition, asymmetry of the left and the right body side is investigated. The analysis of the asymmetries (delta) in the frequency of damped oscillations of trapezius, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius (inner and outer part) on the left and right sides of the body demonstrated greater asymmetries between the left and the right sides of the body in the groups of both men and women with a lower chance of trauma. The assessment of asymmetries in femoris rectus and tibialis anterior between the left and the right sides of the body showed differences in the frequency of damped oscillations in all groups. Muscle myotonometry parameters are informative and may be used in early risk diagnostics to predict skeletal muscle system trauma. The asymmetry in tibialis muscle tone between the left and the right leg causes poorer parameters of functional movement performance in women. No associations were found to exist with the ability to perform functional movements in men. The asymmetry in femoris muscle tone between the left and right leg demonstrates the ability of young subjects to perform functional movements. It is characteristic of men and, to a lower extent, of women.
ANATOMY OF CASSAVA LEAVES

Leaves are the organs in which occurs mainly photosynthesis enabling the transformation of radiant energy into chemical energy. Anatomical properties in leaves are indices used in taxonomical studies the importance of anatomical features on the studies support morphological evidence for separating taxa of plants Manihot at the generic level. The present study is aiming to introduce an internal description of leaves of cassava plants to determine its characteristics and thus contribute to other research that may need this description. The observation was surface replicas of the leaf made from transparent materials and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were compared for their ability to present an accurate picture of the leaf. According to the observations, we can infer that, cassava is presented as a very rustic plant by adapting to different environments. The completion of the anatomical study of leaf Manihot esculenta IAC 576-70, showed that the sheet, the body responsible the synthesis of carbohydrates and chief of tuberization root has important morpho-anatomical features, such as presence papillae on the abaxial epidermis by increasing the surface forming a crown around the stomata, thereby contributing to the same remain open for longer in areas with water deficit.