Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) study: treatment‐related characteristics of the population

The HERO (Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities) quantitative surveys collected information on characteristics and perceptions of adult persons with haemophilia (PWH) and parents of children with haemophilia. The aim of this article is to describe the perceptions of PWH and parents on psychosocial aspects related to treatment. Two online surveys (one for PWH, one for parents) were conducted in 10 countries. Among 675 PWH respondents, 77% reported having responsibility for their own care; 72% of 561 parent respondents had the main responsibility for their son. PWH were most commonly treated on demand (45% of 648 adults using factor concentrate), with 32% on regular prophylaxis and 23% treated on demand with short‐term prophylaxis (e.g. for sports/physiotherapy). Children were most often treated with prophylaxis (65% of 549 children using factor concentrate), with 26% treated on demand and 8% treated on demand with short‐term prophylaxis. Factor was generally used as instructed at home. Some respondents (41% PWH; 30% parents) had difficulties/concerns with factor availability/affordability. PWH reported more bleeds in the last 12 months than parents reporting their son's bleeds (mean 17.8 vs. 8.7). Both PWH and parents generally perceived that overall, their (their son's) haemophilia was well controlled. Results differed by country. The HERO study captured new, patient‐based data regarding many facets of life relevant to PWH, including treatment. The information conveyed in this article largely represents new insights regarding perceptions of treatment and provides initial benchmark statistics for further research.
Multiple eyelid apocrine hidrocystoma in a domestic short-haired cat

INTRODUCTION Tumour and tumour-like lesions of the eyelids are more common in dogs than cats. In the feline, malignant tumours outnumber benign types, with eyelid neoplasms essentially arising from the haired skin. Based on 1 study, squamous cell carcinomas, fibrosarcomas and adenocarcinomas constitute 73.5 % of all feline eyelid tumours. Apocrine hidrocystomas in cats are rare, solitary and most often occur in the skin of the head, pinna, neck and axilla, limbs and tail. All variants of apocrine sweat gland tumours constitute 3 % of feline skin tumours. The term apocrine cystadenoma is a more accurate designation and is synonymous with apocrine hidrocystoma which is one of many types of apocrine sweat gland tumours. Although apocrine sweat glands exist within the skin of the eyelid and the eyelid margin, where they are called glands of Moll, apocrine sweat gland tumours in this location are uncommon in small animals. Multiple cystic lesions originating from apocrine sweat glands and resembling apocrine hidrocystomas of humans have been described in 2 separate papers involving eyelids of 5 Persian cats and 1 Himalayan cat. CASE HISTORY A 12-year-old, black, neutered, female domestic short-hair cat was referred for evaluation of slowly enlarging, multiple periocular masses around the left eye of 12 months’ duration. An excisional biopsy of a similar cystic lesion on the mid tail and left upper eyelid were performed by the referring veterinarian. The histopathology report confirmed benign, apocrine cystadenoma. On ophthalmic examination, multiple, soft and firm, locally extensive, pigmented nodules were found on the upper and lower palpebral margin, with smaller nodules extending caudally on the head and around the base of the left ear (Fig. 1). The lesions were nonpruritic, nonpainful, with no evidence or history of self mutilation/trauma with the exception of the lesions on the tail, which was previously amputated. The nodules were measured using callipers and were 3–15 mm in diameter extending dorsally from the medial canthus and around the lateral canthus to the mid-ventral palpebral margin (Fig. 2). The skin overlying the nodules was thin, pigmented and alopecic. The referring veterinarian had previously amputated the tail, based on poor response after surgical lancing and wound management. The nodules previously described on the tail appeared to have a similar presentation to the eyelid margin nodules. No other ophthalmic abnormalities were noted. Eyelid melanoma and mast cell tumour were considered as possible differential diagnosis based on pigmentation and location. Thoracic radiographs performed ruled out the possibility of metastasis. Fine-needle aspirates of the nodules were not taken during our evaluation based on previously published reports showing poor correlation of diagnostic cytology for apocrine hidrocystomas. A tentative diagnosis for apocrine hidrocystoma was made based on the previous biopsy report
Assessing nurse-initiated care in a mental health crisis assessment and treatment team in Australia.

OBJECTIVE This pilot study in a specialist mental health crisis assessment and treatment setting compared patients' outcomes and level of satisfaction in nurse-initiated care and in treatment as usual. METHODS Initially, the nurse's decision making in 51 cases was evaluated and rated by a psychiatrist (February 2005 to May 2005). A quasi-experimental design was then used to compare nurse-initiated care (experimental group) with treatment as usual (control group) in terms of consumer and caregiver satisfaction and outcome. A total of 103 clients of a mental health crisis assessment and treatment team were randomly assigned to the two groups. Differences were determined by comparing the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scale (HoNOS) scores and consumer and caregiver satisfaction surveys. Data were collected over a 12-month period (September 2005 to September 2006). The nurse who initiated treatment in the experimental group was a nurse practitioner candidate, meaning that the nurse had not yet completed the requirements to be endorsed as a nurse practitioner but was operating as a nurse practitioner but under the direct supervision of a consultant psychiatrist. RESULTS There were no significant differences between nurse-initiated care and treatment as usual in terms of HoNOS scores or consumer and caregiver satisfaction. This was not due to clinical or demographic differences between the two groups nor to an inadequate sample size. Overall, the nurse was found to follow best or acceptable clinical practices. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the nurse practitioner role can potentially initiate safe and effective mental health care and treatment that is as satisfying as that initiated by a physician. Additional, larger-scale research is required to determine the generalizability of these findings.
The Impact of HIV on Child Health and the Health System

This chapter focuses on the impact the HIV epidemic has had on the health sector and the health status of children in 40 countries with medium to high HIV prevalence. With the rise in prevalence at antenatal clinics reaching 50 per cent (as in some areas of Botswana), and with adult prevalence of over 20 per cent in several parts of Africa, the health sector has been particularly hard hit. It now suffers from attrition of personnel, while at the same time it needs to perform at well above its pre-epidemic levels in order to control the spreading contagion and to care for those affected. In countries with adequate economic growth and low infection rates, increases in health budgets will often be sufficient to cope with the crisis. But in several highly indebted poor countries, where the health sector has been deteriorating since the 1980s, most markedly following the adoption of structural adjustment programmes, infection rates are high (Simms et al. 2000). In most of these countries, HIV has also caused a rapid increase in the demand for hospital-based treatment, which has led to weakening of health care at the primary level. How to control the negative effect of HIV, without weakening other essential interventions, is the main health sector challenge faced by the policymakers of many lowand middle-income countries.
Quantitative Analysis of a Urine-Based Assay for Detection of Lipoarabinomannan in Patients with Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection is a promising approach for rapid diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB). In microbiologically confirmed TB patients, quantitative LAM detection results increased progressively with bacillary burden and immunosuppression. Patients with disseminated TB and/or advanced HIV are target populations for whom urine LAM detection may be particularly useful.
Emergence of Population Bursts from Simultaneous Activation of Small Subsets of preBötzinger Complex Inspiratory Neurons

During rhythmic movements, central pattern generators (CPGs) trigger bursts of motor activity with precise timing. However, the number of neurons that must be activated within CPGs to generate motor output is unknown. In the mammalian breathing rhythm, a fundamentally important motor behavior, the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) produces synchronous population-wide bursts of activity to control inspiratory movements. We probed mechanisms underlying inspiratory burst generation in the preBötC using holographic photolysis of caged glutamate in medullary slices from neonatal mice. With stimulation parameters determined to confine photoactivation to targeted neurons, simultaneous excitation of 4–9 targeted neurons could initiate ectopic, endogenous-like bursts with delays averaging 255 ms, placing a critical and novel boundary condition on the microcircuit underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis.
Effects of Social Belonging on Homesickness: An Application of the Belongingness Hypothesis

Belongingness theory proposes that humans possess an innate drive for a minimum number of lasting interpersonal relationships. On geographic relocation, people leave their existing social networks. This greatly threatens belongingness needs, and the authors propose this is one cause of homesickness. Two studies investigated whether homesickness arises in the need to belong. Study 1 used a correlational design to test the relationship between need to belong and homesickness while controlling for other variables. A significant positive relationship was found. Study 2 then used an experimental design to test for a causal effect of need to belong on homesickness, and a significant effect was found. An additional finding showed that individuals who felt accepted in the community were less homesick. This was independent of number of friends and demonstrates an important link between community attitudes and adjustment. Implications for belongingness theory are discussed.
Influence of thermal ageing on transformer oil properties

In this paper, we present the electrical and physic-chemical behaviours of oil in high voltage transformers, under thermal ageing. Continuous thermal ageing tests were made on transformer oil BORAK22 during 5000 hours at two different temperatures 80degC and 120degC. Here, every 500 hours, the dielectric losses factor, the relative permittivity and the resistivity were measured. Other properties such as the breakdown voltage, the acidity degree, the water content, the colour and the cinematic viscosity are measured before and after ageing. The obtained results of this investigation show that the thermal ageing affects greatly the properties of transformer oil.
Acari, Oribatei, Poronota

Este libro es la primera sintesis sobre los acaros oribatidos poronoticos de la Peninsula Iberica e islas Baleares. En el se tratan 233 especies pertenecientes a 24 familias. Proporciona claves para su identifiacacion, descripciones de todas las especies e ilustraciones de las mismas. Cada especie se acompana de informacion sobre su distribucion geografica y biologia. El libro proporciona una completa bibliografia asi como una revision actualizada de la nomenclatura de los acaros oribatidos poronoticos.
Changing Patterns of Familial Sociability: Family Members as Witnesses to (Re)marriage in Nineteenth-Century Flanders

Based on research in three Flemish communities, the author concluded that during the course of the second part of the nineteenth century, there was an increasing trend toward choosing family members as witnesses to the marriage ceremony (of first marriages). This was interpreted as an aspect of the “familiarization” of marriage. It might also, however, refer to changing family contexts and social networks, to switching roles of parents and youth, to shifting intergenerational power, and to new family situations of solidarity and conflict. In this follow-up study, the author demonstrates that the former conclusions also hold true for other Flemish regions, for all social groups, and for remarriages. It also appears that marrying people increasingly selected brothers and brothers-in-law as witnesses, rather than descending or ascending kin. These observations support the thesis of the increasing familiarization of family relations during the course of the nineteenth century.
The tax treatment of intergenerational wealth transfers 1

This paper to surveys the theoretical literature on wealth transfer taxation. The focus is normative: we are looking at the design of an optimal tax structure from the standpoint of both equity and efficiency. The gist of this survey is that the optimal design crucially depends on the assumed bequest motives. Alternative bequest motives are thus analyzed either in isolation or combined.
Ionization of oriented carbonyl sulfide molecules by intense circularly polarized laser pulses

We present combined experimental and theoretical results on strong-field ionization of oriented carbonyl sulfide molecules by circularly polarized laser pulses. The obtained molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions show pronounced asymmetries perpendicular to the direction of the molecular electric dipole moment. These findings are explained by a tunneling model invoking the laser-induced Stark shifts associated with the dipoles and polarizabilities of the molecule and its unrelaxed cation. The focus of the present article is to understand the strong-field ionization of one-dimensionally-oriented polar molecules, in particular asymmetries in the emission direction of the photoelectrons. In the following article [Phys. Rev. A 83, 023406 (2011)] the focus is to understand strong-field ionization from three-dimensionally-oriented asymmetric top molecules, in particular the suppression of electron emission in nodal planes of molecular orbitals.
First Isolation of a Hybrid Shigatoxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strain Harboring the stx2 and elt Genes in Korea.

Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) are important food-borne pathogens that cause gastrointestinal illnesses in humans (1). For the development of bloody diarrhea and hemor-rhagic colitis, the Shiga toxin (Stx) is essential. Of the 2 isoforms, Stx1 and Stx2, Stx2 plays a more important role in the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Enterotoxins, which can be classified as heat-la-bile (LT) or heat-stable toxins (ST), are the major virulence factors of diarrhea-causing ETEC strains. In 2011, a large of bloody diarrhea and HUS in Germany E. coli , a hybrid enteroaggregative-hemorrhagic E. coli (EAHEC) that resulted from transfer of the Shiga toxin-encoding gene EHEC to enteroaggregative of pathogenicity and diversification. such as
Running title : PKC REGULATES MYOGENESIS

Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, FI-20520, Turku, Finland Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland Department of Biological Sciences. Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan * Equal contribution
HOW DO SOCIAL RECOMMENDATIONS INFLUENCE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR ? A FIELD EXPERIMENT

Previous research has tried to understand the influence of user-generated content on economic outcomes, however many of these analyses avoid any suggestion of causality which would be very important for drawing managerial implications. We conduct a randomized field experiment in an online store where we exogenously manipulate the visibility of the number of people who like a product (similar to “Likes”' collected by Facebook). This design allows us to analyze the causal effect of social recommendations on shopping behavior. In a four-week experiment with new customers, we find that displaying social recommendations caused a 12.97% revenue increase, generating 13,883.74 EUR revenue in the treated group compared to 12,289.46 EUR revenue in the control group. This difference is mainly caused by significantly longer search processes when social recommendations are displayed which also lead to a 22.19% higher chance that a first-time shopper makes a purchase. We compare the social influence effect of Likes on revenue with the inherent quality effect that the Likes also capture. The social influence effect is much smaller and it is usually only responsible for less than 10% of the total effect. This emphasizes that it is difficult to draw conclusions from non-experimental studies. If user-generated content is related to economic outcomes in observational data, the estimates can be heavily biased. Overall, our results suggest however that for online stores social recommendations and Likes are intangible assets with significant business value.
Hypercoagulability and Hypofibrinolysis and Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis: Similarities and Differences

In this review, we provide an overview of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism, focusing on hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis. In the first part of this review, we discuss the risk factors for commonly occurring venous thrombosis, in particular deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In the second part, we provide an overview of the risk factors for the Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis. These are rare, life-threatening forms of venous thromboembolism located in the splanchnic veins. There are many similarities in the risk profiles of patients with common venous thrombosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis. Inherited thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis increase the risk of both common venous thrombosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis. However, there are also apparent differences. Myeloproliferative neoplasms and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria have a remarkably high frequency in patients with thrombosis at these unusual sites but are rarely seen in patients with common venous thrombosis. There are also clear differences in the underlying risk factors for Budd-Chiari syndrome and for portal vein thrombosis, suggesting site specificity of thrombosis even within the splanchnic venous system. These clear differences in underlying risk factors provide leads for further research on the site specificity of venous thrombosis and the development of thrombosis at these distinct sites.
Induction of resistance to active experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by myelin basic protein‐specific Th2 cell lines generated in the presence of glucocorticoids and IL‐4

We have produced T cell lines with a Th2 phenotype in the presence of IL‐4 and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). IL‐4 and DEX together were more effective in inducing a Th2 response than IL‐4 alone. Myelin basic protein (MBP)‐specific Th2 lines were obtained and their ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was studied. Lines treated with IL‐4 and DEX did not transfer passive EAE and did not induce cellular infiltration into the central nervous system as opposed to the encephalitogenic Th1 lines. Lines treated with IL‐4 and DEX did not protect animals from the effect of encephalitogenic Th1 lines when the two were injected together. However, a high proportion of animals injected with IL‐4 + DEX‐treated lines became refractory to the development of EAE after immunization with MBP; that is, it was possible to induce resistance to active EAE without prior episodes of disease. Interestingly, animals injected with T cell lines had accelerated antibody responses against MBP and the predominant isotype was dependent on the cytokines synthesized by the T cell line injected. There was not evidence that the resistance to active EAE was due to anergy of MBP‐reactive cells or the action of CD8+ cells. Our data suggest that MBP‐specific T cell lines prevent the induction of disease by deviating the reactivity to MBP from a cellmediated to a humoral one and not merely from a Th1 to a Th2 response.
Immunophenotypic changes of human articular chondrocytes during monolayer culture reflect bona fide dedifferentiation rather than amplification of progenitor cells

In this study, a time‐course comparison of human articular chondrocytes (HAC) and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) immunophenotype was performed in order to determine similarities/differences between both cell types during monolayer culture, and to identify HAC surface markers indicative of dedifferentiation. Our results show that dedifferentiated HAC can be distinguished from MSC by combining CD14, CD90, and CD105 expression, with dedifferentiated HAC being CD14+/CD90bright/CD105dim and MSC being CD14‐/CD90dim/CD105bright. Surface markers on MSC showed little variation during the culture, whereas HAC showed upregulation of CD90, CD166, CD49c, CD44, CD10, CD26, CD49e, CD151, CD51/61, and CD81, and downregulation of CD49a, CD54, and CD14. Thus, dedifferentiated HAC appear as a bona fide cell population rather than a small population of MSC amplified during monolayer culture. While most of the HAC surface markers showed major changes at the beginning of the culture period (Passage 1–2), CD26 was upregulated and CD49a downregulated at later stages of the culture (Passage 3–4). To correlate changes in HAC surface markers with changes in extracellular matrix gene expression during monolayer culture, CD14 and CD90 mRNA levels were combined into a new differentiation index and compared with the established differentiation indices based on the ratios of mRNA levels of collagen type II to I (COL2/COL1) and of aggrecan to versican (AGG/VER). A correlation of CD14/CD90 ratio at the mRNA and protein level with the AGG/VER ratio during HAC dedifferentiation in monolayer culture validated CD14/CD90 as a new membrane and mRNA based HAC differentiation index. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:75–83, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogeographic patterning of mtDNA in the widely distributed harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) suggests dramatic cycles of range contraction and expansion during the mid- to late Pleistocene

We examined sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp, n = 73) and control re- gion (842-851 bp, n = 74) in the Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus (Pallas, 1771)), with samples drawn from across its range, from Western Europe to Japan. Phylogeographic analyses revealed region-specific haplotype groupings combined with overall low levels of inter-regional genetic divergence. Despite the enormous intervening distance, Euro- pean and East Asian samples showed a net nucleotide divergence of only 0.36%. Based on an evolutionary rate for the cytochrome b gene of 2.4%·(site·lineage·million years) -1 , the initial divergence time of these populations is estimated at around 80 000 years before present. Our findings are consistent with available fossil evidence that has recorded re- peated cycles of extinction and recolonization of Europe by M. minutus through the Quaternary. The molecular data further suggest that recolonization occurred from refugia in the Central to East Asian region. Japanese haplotypes of M. minutus, with the exception of those from Tsushima Is. , show limited nucleotide diversity (0.15%) compared with those found on the adjacent Korean Peninsula. This finding suggests recent colonization of the Japanese Archipelago, probably around the last glacial period, followed by rapid population growth.