Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Social Support Content Within Online Communities for High- and Low-Survival-Rate Cancers

People experiencing cancer use the Internet for many reasons, particularly for social support. This study sought to determine how social support content within online support communities for different cancers varied according to cancer survival rate. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on 3717 posts from eight online communities focused on cancers with high and low 5-year relative survival rates. Using Optimal Matching Theory, we predicted that low-survival-rate communities would have more emotional support content than high-survival-rate communities, and high-survival-rate communities would have more informational support content than low-survival-rate communities. Emotional support content was consistently more common than informational support. Overall, high-survival-rate communities had a greater proportion of posts containing emotional support content (75%) than low-survival-rate communities (66%) (&khgr;21 = 20.89 [n = 2235], P < .001). Furthermore, low-survival-rate communities had a greater proportion of posts containing informational support content (46%) than high-survival-rate communities (36%) (&khgr;21 = 21.13 [n = 2235], P< .001). Although the relationships between survival rate and support types were significant, they were not as hypothesized. Deviations from theoretically predicted results suggest that individuals experiencing low-survival-rate cancers may have a greater desire for informational support online than individuals experiencing high-survival-rate cancers.
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of human capital (e.g., English ability and educational attainment) and social capital (e.g., ethnic bonding capital and bridging social capital to main society) on the economic integration (e.g. Income, employment, occupation prestige, and welfare utilization) of immigrant in the United State. The current study addressed the following hypotheses: 1) Immigrants’ human capital would have an effect on the economic integration of immigrants, 2) Immigrants’ human capital would have an indirect effect on the economic integration of immigrants via ethnic bonding social capital, and 3) Immigrants’ human capital would have an indirect effect on the economic integration of immigrants via bridging social capital to mainstream. It was also hypothesized that the indirect effect of human capital on immigrants’ economic integration will be different, depending on the types of social capital. To address these hypotheses, secondary data analysis was conducted, using data from the Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles Survey (IIMMLA), which investigated assimilation patterns among six Latino and Asian groups in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in 2004. Given that this study aimed to examine the roles that human and social capital play in the process of immigrants’ economic integration into the host society, the current study focused on the 1st/1.5th, and 2nd generations (N=3,440). Using Mplus 7, structural equation modeling (SEM) path analyses were conducted to test theoretical mediation models. The results, first, showed that immigrants’ human capital (education attainment and English ability) had a positive effect on their economic integration such as income, prestige occupation, employment, and welfare utilization. Second, immigrants’ ethnic bonding and bridging social capitals had a positive effect on income, but this positive effect of social capital was not detected for other economic integration outcomes. Third, education attainment had a positive effect on both ethnic bonding and bridging social capital, whereas English ability had mixed effects on social capital; English ability decreased ethnic bonding social capital, but increased bridging social capital to mainstream society. As a result, lastly, there was two positive indirect effects of human capital via social capital on income (English→ bridging social capital→ income, and Education attainment→ bridging social capital→ income), and one negative pathway of human capital to income (English→ bonding social capital→ income). Implications and limitations were discussed.
Citrate anticoagulation using ACD solution A during long‐term haemodialysis

Aim: Haemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation in patients with contraindications for heparin is increasingly performed in the USA and Europe. Most published protocols use trisodium citrate, which is not readily available nor is it licensed in Australia. We established a protocol for citrate‐anticoagulation in haemodialysis using acid citrate dextrose solution A (ACDA), which is approved for apheresis procedures in Australia. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of this protocol for routine use in haemodialysis patients.
IL-3 Inhibits Human Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption through Downregulation of c-Fms and Diverts the Cells to Dendritic Cell Lineage

IL-3 is an important cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis and functions as a link between the immune and the hematopoietic system. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of IL-3 action on human osteoclast formation and bone resorption using PBMCs. PBMCs differentiate into functional osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand as evaluated by 23c6 expression and bone resorption. We found that IL-3 dose-dependently inhibited formation of 23c6-positive osteoclasts, bone resorption and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, a collagen degradation product. The inhibitory effect of IL-3 on bone resorption was irreversible. To investigate the mechanism of IL-3 action, we analyzed the effect of IL-3 on the receptor activator of NF-κB and c-Fms receptors and c-Fos, PU.1, NFAT cytoplasmic 1, and RelB transcription factors essential for osteoclastogenesis. IL-3 significantly inhibited c-Fms and downregulated both PU.1 and c-Fos at both mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, IL-3–treated cells showed increased expression of dendritic cell markers CD1a and CD80 and decreased expression of monocyte/macrophage marker CD14. Interestingly, IL-3 inhibited formation of human osteoclasts derived from blood monocytes and bone marrow cells of osteoporotic individuals. Thus, IL-3 may have therapeutic potential as an antiosteolytic agent in treatment of osteoporosis.
Chromosomal distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences as signs of evolution through chromosome fusion in six species of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera, Belostoma)

Abstract Tandem arrays of TTAGG repeats show a highly conserved location at the telomeres across the phylogenetic tree of arthropods. In giant water bugs Belostoma, the chromosome number changed during speciation by fragmentation of the single ancestral X chromosome, resulting in a multiple sex chromosome system. Several autosome–autosome fusions and a fusion between the sex chromosome pair and an autosome pair resulted in the reduced number in several species. We mapped the distribution of telomeric sequences and interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) in Belostoma candidulum (2n = 12 + XY/XX; male/female), B. dentatum (2n = 26 + X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2), B. elegans (2n = 26 + X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2), B. elongatum (2n = 26 + X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2), B. micantulum (2n = 14 + XY/XX), and B. oxyurum (2n = 6 + XY/XX) by FISH with the (TTAGG)n probes. Hybridization signals confirmed the presence of TTAGG repeats in the telomeres of all species examined. The three species with reduced chromosome numbers showed additional hybridization signals in interstitial positions, indicating the occurrence of ITS. From the comparison of all species here analyzed, we observed inverse relationships between chromosome number and chromosome size, and between presence/absence of ITS and chromosome number. The ITS distribution between these closely related species supports the hypothesis that several telomere–telomere fusions of the chromosomes from an ancestral diploid chromosome number 2n = 26 + XY/XX played a major role in the karyotype evolution of Belostoma. Consequently, our study provide valuable features that can be used to understand the karyotype evolution, may contribute to a better understanding of taxonomic relationships, and also elucidate the high plasticity of nuclear genomes at the chromosomal level during the speciation processes.
Critical reflection in service learning: the construction of the 'good citizen'

Service-learning, and its iterations, has gained popularity across many countries in the last few decades. It offers students the opportunity to have real world, often transformative, learning experiences as part of their academic curriculum. It also has the potential to benefit the communities with whom students engage. Michel Foucault’s notion of power as an omnipresent, productive force is useful for asking how our everyday service-learning practices might be otherwise, and how our taken for granted assumptions are worthy of scrutiny. This study used Foucault’s conceptual tools to examine service-learning as an apparatus for governmentality. His notion of pastoral power was used to problematize the critical reflection process in a service-learning course, by focusing on the micro-level interactions in the process. A poststructuralist approach was employed in this case-study design. A form of Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to examine the data at three different levels. The results revealed that complicated and contradictory subjects were constructed in the process, not necessarily conforming to the field’s claims of developing good citizens. The results also explored how a pastoral and an expert discourse were deployed in the construction of these subjects, and how these different discourses were used to both constitute and manage the contradictory subject positions. Lastly, the results described the strategies and tactics that were used in the interactions in the critical reflection sessions to construct those subjects and positions. The findings highlighted the need to be aware of our service-learning practices, and the ways these can (inadvertently) become forms of governmentality, towards the production of certain kinds of desired subjects.
Symbiosis-induced adaptation to oxidative stress

SUMMARY Cnidarians in symbiosis with photosynthetic protists must withstand daily hyperoxic/anoxic transitions within their host cells. Comparative studies between symbiotic (Anemonia viridis) and non-symbiotic (Actinia schmidti) sea anemones show striking differences in their response to oxidative stress. First, the basal expression of SOD is very different. Symbiotic animal cells have a higher isoform diversity (number and classes) and a higher activity than the non-symbiotic cells. Second, the symbiotic animal cells of A. viridis also maintain unaltered basal values for cellular damage when exposed to experimental hyperoxia (100% O2) or to experimental thermal stress (elevated temperature +7°C above ambient). Under such conditions, A. schmidti modifies its SOD activity significantly. Electrophoretic patterns diversify, global activities diminish and cell damage biomarkers increase. These data suggest symbiotic cells adapt to stress while non-symbiotic cells remain acutely sensitive. In addition to being toxic, high O2 partial pressure (PO2) may also constitute a preconditioning step for symbiotic animal cells, leading to an adaptation to the hyperoxic condition and, thus, to oxidative stress. Furthermore, in aposymbiotic animal cells of A. viridis, repression of some animal SOD isoforms is observed. Meanwhile, in cultured symbionts, new activity bands are induced, suggesting that the host might protect its zooxanthellae in hospite. Similar results have been observed in other symbiotic organisms, such as the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella and the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Molecular or physical interactions between the two symbiotic partners may explain such variations in SOD activity and might confer oxidative stress tolerance to the animal host.
[Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults].

OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence, distribution, current status of awareness and control of hypertension in Chinese adult population. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in mainland of China in 2000 - 2001 as a part of work coordinated with InterASIA Program. A total of 15,838 nationally representative subjects aged 35 to 74 were selected with multistage cluster sampling. Measurement of blood pressure was taken for all of them with three readings in a mercuric-column sphygmomanometer after resting for five minutes. Standard structured questionnaire was used to collect their histories and treatment and prevention for hypertension. A case of hypertension was defined as any person with systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 140 mmHg, or with diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 90 mmHg, or being administered with antihypertensive agents. RESULTS A total of 15,838 adults aged 35 - 74 years were included in this survey. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was 27.2%, representing 130 million persons with hypertension nationwide as estimated. Age-specific prevalence of hypertension was 10.7%, 26.8%, 38.9% and 50.2% for women and 17.4%, 28.2%, 40.7% and 47.3% for men aged 35 - 44, 45 - 54, 55 - 64 and 65 - 74 years, respectively. Among hypertensive patients, 44.7% were aware of their high blood pressure, 28.2% were taking antihypertensive medication, and 8.1% achieved their blood pressure under control (< 140/90 mm Hg). All these data indicated that percentages of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension increased by 86.2%, 92.6% and 145.4%, respectively in the past ten years, as compared with the data in 1991. CONCLUSIONS In the past ten years, percentages of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults increased significantly, who had a relatively high prevalence of hypertension, but lower awareness and much lower percentages of treatment and control of hypertension. It is urgently needed to improve prevention, detection and treatment for hypertension in adults.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on The Student’s Entrepreneurial Intention Vocational High School

: Increasing population and limited employment are adequate to make unemployment a crucial problem for Indonesia. Various efforts have been made by the government, among others with entrepreneurial independent business community. There are various factors that affect one's intention to entrepreneurship, including entrepreneurship education. The aims of this study are to identify the effect of entrepreneurship education on the students' entrepreneurial intention vocational high school. This research is quantitative descriptive correlational approach. The study population was students of class X of vocational high school Negeri Surakarta in business and management program, amounting to 944 students. The samples used as many as 311 students drawn using random probability sampling technique. Data collected through a closed questionnaire, data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analysis aided by SPSS 23. The results concluded that entrepreneurship education with an indicator variable know-what (entrepreneurial knowledge), know-why (and values motives), know-who (social interaction), know-how (entrepreneurial skills and abilities) to give effect to the intention of entrepreneurship vocational students.
Demography of sleep disturbances associated with circadian rhythm disorders in Japan

To clarify the demography of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), non‐24‐h sleep–wake syndrome, and irregular sleep–wake pattern in Japan, a cross‐sectional nationwide epidemiological survey was conducted. 1525 adults (age: 15–59 years) were randomly sampled from telephone directories, and they received screening questions over the phone. Persons who were suspected of having the disorders were requested to fill out the second questionnaire, and asked to keep a sleep log for 4 weeks. Diagnoses were made according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria. As a result, the prevalence of DSPS was estimated to be 0.13%.
Membrane-initiated signaling of estrogen related to neuroprotection. “Social networks” are required

Abstract Numerous studies indicate that estrogens are crucial in normal brain functioning and preservation against different injuries. At the neuronal membrane, estrogens, binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) or other surface targets, exert rapid actions involving a plethora of signaling pathways that may converge in neuronal survival. Emerging work reveals that at least part of these actions may require the compartmentalization of ERs in signaling platforms, composed of macromolecular signaling proteins and particular lipid composition integrated in lipid rafts. These particular microstructures may provide the optimal microenvironment to trigger multiple ER interactions that may be crucial for neuroprotection against different brain impairments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this order of ideas, recent evidence has demonstrated that a membrane ER (mER) physically interacts with a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in lipid rafts from septal, hippocampal and cortical neurons, and these interactions may have important consequences in the alternative mechanisms developed by estrogens to achieve neuroprotection against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced toxicity. This review includes a survey of some of the rapid mechanisms developed by estrogen to prevent neuronal death, and the ER interactions that are involved in the structural maintenance and signal transduction mechanisms important for neuronal survival against AD neuro-pathology. A special emphasis is put on the biological relevance of neuronal membrane VDAC in Aβ-related neurotoxicity, and the potential modulation of this channel as a part of a signaling complex with mER, which may be modified in AD brains.
Poly-victimization in a Norwegian adolescent population: Prevalence, social and psychological profile, and detrimental effects

Background This study focuses on poly-victimization, with the aim of providing a realistic estimation of the prevalence of lifetime victimization in a Norwegian adolescent population (ages 18–19 years). Methods Based upon the concept from previous research, we applied measures of child poly-victimization on Norwegian data obtained from a national youth survey in 2015 (N = 4,531) to arrive at an estimation of its prevalence. We used variables that measure individual characteristics such as gender and educational aspiration and socio-economic factors such as parents’ education level and home economic situation to derive a social and psychological profile of victimization and poly-victimization among young people. Finally, we estimated the effects of poly-victimization on mental health such as symptoms of depression, anxiety and trauma. Results Our study identified a poly-victimization prevalence of 8.6% among young people, i.e. they were exposed to three of all four forms of violence investigated by our study: non-physical violence, witnessing violence against parents, physical violence and sexual abuse. Adolescents of poly-victimization are six times more likely to report depression and anxiety and trauma when compared with those without victimization. Conclusions Poly-victimization is a phenomenon that heavily burdens many young people across many national contexts. Poly-victims clearly tend to develop depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The early detection of sexual abuse, physical violence, and bullying victimization is of critical importance and preventive measures could consider addressing family factors through parental educational programs.
Three essays in labor economics and applied econometrics

This thesis is a collection of three essays in labour economics and applied econometrics. The first two essays investigate workers productivity and their effort choice in a tree-planting firm. The third essay studies community cooperation in a public good experiment. Beyond the econometric techniques, the convergence point of this thesis is the question of how individuals incorporate external factors into their choices. How work fatigue affects productivity, how productivity shocks affect workers’ choice of effort, and how social interactions affect community cooperation. Understanding and measuring the relevance of these external factors is important for designing incentives that influence individuals to act in a desired way. Appropriate incentives are the best way to regulate behaviour without imposing restrictions and rules that are costly to enforce and may create social frictions. From the first two chapters on productivity of tree planters two interesting findings stand out. First, workers’ earnings can be increased by simply rearranging the working week in different work spells. This could be an inexpensive way for certain firms to increase their labour productivity. Second, planters’ optimal choice of effort depends on productivity shocks. This means that effort incentives may have heterogenous effects due to the particular shocks experienced by each worker. From the third chapter, I find that involving community leaders in the decision of contributing or not to a public good enhance community cooperation. The presence of local leaders triggers cooperative behaviour that is unconditional and independent of the expected actions of other community members.
Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/hominin ancestor

Based on our knowledge of locomotor biomechanics and ecology we predict the locomotion and posture of the last common ancestors of (a) great and lesser apes and their close fossil relatives (hominoids); (b) chimpanzees, bonobos and modern humans (hominines); and (c) modern humans and their fossil relatives (hominins). We evaluate our propositions against the fossil record in the context of a broader review of evolution of the locomotor system from the earliest hominoids of modern aspect (crown hominoids) to early modern Homo sapiens. While some early East African stem hominoids were pronograde, it appears that the adaptations which best characterize the crown hominoids are orthogrady and an ability to abduct the arm above the shoulder – rather than, as is often thought, manual suspension sensu stricto. At 7–9 Ma (not much earlier than the likely 4–8 Ma divergence date for panins and hominins, see Bradley, 2008 ) there were crown hominoids in southern Europe which were adapted to moving in an orthograde posture, supported primarily on the hindlimb, in an arboreal, and possibly for Oreopithecus, a terrestrial context. By 7 Ma, Sahelanthropus provides evidence of a Central African hominin, panin or possibly gorilline adapted to orthogrady, and both orthogrady and habitually highly extended postures of the hip are evident in the arboreal East African protohominin Orrorin at 6 Ma. If the traditional idea that hominins passed through a terrestrial ‘knuckle‐walking’ phase is correct, not only does it have to be explained how a quadrupedal gait typified by flexed postures of the hindlimb could have preadapted the body for the hominin acquisition of straight‐legged erect bipedality, but we would have to accept a transition from stem‐hominoid pronogrady to crown hominoid orthogrady, back again to pronogrady in the African apes and then back to orthogrady in hominins. Hand‐assisted arboreal bipedality, which is part of a continuum of orthograde behaviours, is used by modern orangutans to forage among the small branches at the periphery of trees where the core hominoid dietary resource, ripe fruit, is most often to be found. Derivation of habitual terrestrial bipedality from arboreal hand‐assisted bipedality requires fewer transitions, and is also kinematically and kinetically more parsimonious.