Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial impregnation of mineral fertilizers improves yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat.

BACKGROUND The fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of agricultural crops is generally low, which results in poor crop yields and low economic benefits to farmers. Among the various approaches used to enhance FUE, impregnation of mineral fertilizers with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is attracting worldwide attention. The present study was aimed to improve growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat by bacterially impregnated mineral fertilizers. RESULTS Results of the pot study revealed that impregnation of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea with PGPB was helpful in enhancing the growth, yield, photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat. However, the plants treated with F8 type DAP and urea, prepared by coating a slurry of PGPB (Bacillus sp. strain KAP6) and compost on DAP and urea granules at the rate of 2.0 g 100 g-1 fertilizer, produced better results than other fertilizer treatments. In this treatment, growth parameters including plant height, root length, straw yield and root biomass significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 58.8 to 70.0 cm, 41.2 to 50.0 cm, 19.6 to 24.2 g per pot and 1.8 to 2.2 g per pot, respectively. The same treatment improved grain yield of wheat by 20% compared to unimpregnated DAP and urea (F0). Likewise, the maximum increase in photosynthetic rate, grain NP content, grain NP uptake, NUE and PUE of wheat were also recorded with F8 treatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the application of bacterially impregnated DAP and urea is highly effective for improving growth, yield and FUE of wheat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fracture of the distal radial shaft; mistakes in management.

Fractures of the distal third of the radial shaft are difficult to treat successfully by means of closed reduction. The early treatment of choice is open operation, anatomical reduction with rigid and secure internal fixation. Resection of the distal portion of the ulna and bone-grafting should be seriously considered in fractures brought to operation three to four weeks after fracture. Restoration of good function in fractures treated late appears to be most successfully accomplished by means of intramedullary fixation combined with bone-grafting of the radius and resection of the distal portion of the ulna.
Effects of age, gender, duration of drug use and infection with viral hepatitis B and C on lymphocyte subsets in a population of HIV‐negative injecting drug users in Italy

Abstract A series of 716 HIV‐negative IDUs entering a large drug treatment centre in central Italy was studied to evaluate the pattern of T‐lymphocyte subsets among IDUs and to determine the effects of individual variables such as age, gender, duration of drug use and infection with viral hepatitis B and C. To this end, white cell count, total lymphocyte count and absolute number of lymphocyte subsets (i.e. CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+), HBV markers and HCV serology, were determined. For each individual, information on age, gender and duration of drug use was collected. To evaluate the association between level of lymphocyte subsets and phases of HBV infection, participants were stratified into three groups: (A) negative for all markers; (B) HBsAg‐positive, with or without HBeAg, and HBsAb‐negative; and (C) HBsAg and HBeAg‐negative, positive for any other serological marker. The median absolute number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ was 1909, 1080 and 770 cells/mm3, respectively, and did not vary across age bands. The CD8+ count was higher in males than in females. There was a tendency for CD3+ lymphocyte counts (mainly due to CD8+ counts) to be higher in individuals with 6‐8 years of drug use compared to those who started injecting 4 years before or less. There was no evidence of increasing counts for a duration of drug use of more than 8 years. With regard to HBV, there was a general tendency for individuals in group “C” to have higher CD3+ and CD8+ counts than those in group “A”. Finally, there was no difference in absolute lymphocyte count subsets between HCV‐positive and HCV‐negative IDUs. In conclusion, demographic and behavioural factors such as long‐term heroin use or infection with HCV do not seem to influence the level of lymphocyte subsets among HIV‐negative IDUs, nor does the infection with HBV seem to determine dramatic changes in CD4+ counts.
Fuzzy Algorithms: With Applications to Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

Introduction: Fuzzy sets probability and fuzziness fuzzy models. Membership functions: heuristic selections clustering approaches adjustment and toning applications concluding remarks. Fuzzy clustering: clustering and fuzzy partition fuzzy c-means algorithm fuzzy cohonen clustering networks cluster validity and optimal fuzzy clustering applications concluding remarks. Fuzzy rules and defuzzification: rules based on experience learning from examples decision tree approach neural network approach minimization of fuzzy rules defuzzification and optimization applications concluding remarks. Fuzzy classifiers: fuzzy nearest neighbour classifier fuzzy multilayer perceptron fuzy decision trees fuzzy string matching applications concluding remarks. Combined clasifications: introduction voting schemes maximum poteriori probability Dempster-Shafer evidence theory trained perceptron neural networks applications concluding remarks.
Computed tomography of the hindfoot.

This investigation used computed tomography (CT) to study the normal anatomy of the hindfoot and to demonstrate abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pes planovalgus , old trauma, and soft-tissue masses. The hindfeet of 10 normal volunteers and 17 patients were scanned in the coronal and axial transverse planes. The articular surfaces of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus were assessed, as were the relationships of each bone to the others. Normal subjects had markedly symmetrical hindfeet . The "heel valgus angle" (relating the calcaneus to the tibia) was 5.2 +/- 1.6 degrees (mean +/- standard error of the mean). The "sustentacular angle" (indicating the angle of elevation of the sustentaculum tali at the midsubtalar joint) was 18.3 +/- 1.3 degrees. The "medial offset" of the talar head with respect to the calcaneus (measured at the anterior subtalar joint) averaged 5.2 +/- 1.8 mm. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had erosions involving both sides of the subtalar joint, leading to talocalcaneal alignment abnormalities. In patients with pes planovalgus the heel valgus angle was greater and the elevation of sustentaculum tali lower in the foot that was most severely affected. Bony talocalcaneal fusions, fractures, and the erosions of pigmented villonodular synovitis were detected on CT. The pattern of postoperative bone healing after attempted subtalar fusion could be demonstrated. We conclude that CT is a useful tool for pre- and postoperative evaluation of the hindfoot.
Increased bleeding associated with protease inhibitor therapy in HIV‐positive patients with bleeding disorders

The use of protease inhibitor (PI) drugs in treatment regimens for HIV‐infected patients with hereditary bleeding disorders has been associated with an increased bleeding tendency. To characterize the nature of this bleeding tendency, a retrospective case record analysis was performed on 67 HIV‐positive patients with hereditary bleeding disorders who had been treated with PI therapy. 34 patients (51%) developed an increased bleeding tendency on PI therapy, usually within the first few weeks of treatment. As well as an increase in usual joint bleeds, patients developed spontaneous atypical small joint, soft tissue and muscle bleeds. Haematuria was also common. Bleeding episodes tended to respond suboptimally to factor concentrate replacement. Ritonavir was most likely to be associated with bleeding. Nine patients switched first‐line PI therapy as a direct consequence of bleeding and seven had no further bleeding problem on their second PI. Factor concentrate usage was significantly increased during the first 6 months of PI therapy compared to the 6 months preceeding treatment. PI therapy is frequently associated with increased bleeding in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders. The mechanism of the bleeding tendency remains to be elucidated.
ACCLIMATIZATION OF TISSUE CULTURED PLANTS

A substantial number of micropropagated plants do not survive transfer from in vitro conditions to greenhouse or field environment. The greenhouse and field have substantially lower relative humidity, higher light level and septic environment that are stressful to micropropagated plants compared to in vitro conditions. The benefit of any micropropagation system can, however, only be fully realized by the successful transfer of plantlets from tissue-culture vessels to the ambient conditions found ex vitro. Most species grown in vitro require an acclimatization process in order to ensure that sufficient number of plants survive and grow vigorously when transferred to soil. This article reviews current and developing methods for the acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets.
The butyrylcholinesterase K variant is a protective factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease in women

Introduction– Recent reports indicate that the K variant of the butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) gene may act in synergism with the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but this is controversial. Material and methods– We genotyped for the BCHE‐K and APOE ε4 alleles in a sample of 249 AD patients and 250 controls derived from the same region in a Spanish population. Results– A protective effect of the K variant of BCHE with an odds ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.19–0.86, P=0.02) was observed among non‐APOE ε4 carriers, but it was limited to women. Conclusion– Our study is the first to demonstrate that lower susceptibility to AD determined by the K variant of BCHE is dependent on gender.
Expertise and Behavior of Unix Command Line Users: an Exploratory Study

—Understanding users’ behavioral patterns and quantifying users’ expertise have a myriad applications, from predicting user actions and tailoring the environment to that speciﬁc user, to detecting masquerade attacks and assessing learning outcomes. Toward this end, we have conducted a study on three Unix command datasets, totaling 263 users and more than 1 million commands. We ﬁrst introduce the notions of command expertise, command line expertise, and command category. Next, we use these metrics, combined with other attributes to deﬁne and quantify several user expertise metrics, e.g., category breadth, command line expertise. Our study has revealed many Unix commands characteristics, e.g., Unix command can be grouped into 25 categories; ﬁle management is the most common activity; the most commonly used commands are two-characters long. Our study has also revealed many insights into user expertise and behavior, such as: command line length is not an indicator of user expertise; users activity is highest on Monday and decreases every day through Saturday, picking up on Sunday; peak command usage hours are 11 a.m., 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. ; development activities happen mostly in the afternoon.
Melatonin usage in ulcerative colitis: a case report

To the Editor Melatonin is an indoleamine with a range of biological and physiological properties, including those involved in immune defense [1]. Melatonin acts on the immune system by increasing natural killer cell activity [2–4] and Th2 cellmediated immune responses [5, 6]. Additionally, melatonin regulates gene expression of several immunomodulatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-c by human CD4-T cells [7]. The effect of melatonin on the immune system is also supported by the existence of specific binding sites for melatonin on lymphoid cells [8, 9]. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from different pathogenic mechanisms [10, 11]; the etiology is unknown, but the disease involves an excessive immune reactivity of the gut wall [12]. UC is associated with an atypical Th2 response mediated by a distinct subset of natural killer T cells that produce IL-13 and are cytotoxic for epithelial colon cells [4]. On the other hand, there is evidence that the lesion is related to antibodymediated hypersensitivity (IgG1 type and complement activation) because it is associated with intermittent inflammation in the mucosal wall, where the Th2 response might have some merit as it aids antibody responses [12, 13] (Fig. 1). The present case supports that there is a relationship between melatonin and the aggravation of UC symptoms. We report a case of a 56-year-old man diagnosed in 1990 with UC affecting the distal part of the colon and rectum. The diagnosis of UC was based on symptoms including bloody diarrhea with mucus, abdominal cramps, lumbar pain, hematochezia, fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite with consequent weight loss. On questioning, he emphasized that there is no family history of inflammatory bowel disorders, that he is not a drug user, and that he does not drink alcoholic beverages, has taken no medications, has not been exposed to hepatoxins (as far as he knows), and has not traveled. Biochemical studies showed increases in sedimentary speed, C-reactive protein, acid a1-glycoprotein and positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Visual colonoscopy revealed a chronic inflammatory process with distal lesions of the colon and rectum. The intestinal biopsy revealed abscess of the crypts, a lymphoplasmacytic
Distinction between MOG antibody–positive and AQP4 antibody–positive NMO spectrum disorders

Editors’ Note: Kezuka et al. report their experience with patients with neuromyelitis optica who were positive to both AQP4 antibodies and MOG antibodies, which seems to differ from the clinical profile reported by Sato et al. The latter wonder whether those findings are due to falsepositive results on ELISA testing. Kabai suggests that the self-reported alcohol consumption in the study on alcohol consumption and cognitive decline in early old age may be underestimated and hence the study findings may be biased. Sabia and Singh-Manoux respond. —Chafic Karam, MD, and Robert C. Griggs, MD
Extending SysPEM's orchestration engine with decision support: Relaxing resources constraints

The ability to control engineering process execution is of vital importance for the success of an engineering project. Thus many studies have been focusing on capitalizing knowledge and practices of systems engineering processes. We proposed in a former work a complete solution (SysPEM: System Process Engineering Metamodel) to this problem starting from the engineering process models to process orchestration and execution control. One of the main components of this solution is a scheduling engine able to reach balance between time consumption and the respective interest of each resource. But, as we implemented our solution in the context of a real-life case study, we noticed its inability to provide high quality schedules when the available resources are severely reduced, this limitation is due to the fact that the scheduling engine is limited to using the available resources given as input as an absolute constraint. In this paper we will provide a solution to this problem through the proposition of additional resources in a cost optimization context. Our work is strongly linked to our former publications, conveniently cited in this paper, as the completion of the original solution and, as we shall see at the end of the paper, shall be considered in the context of the same case study in order to review execution results.
The Role of the Affective and Cognitive Bases of Attitudes in Susceptibility to Affectively and Cognitively Based Persuasion

Two experiments were conducted to examine whether attitudes based on affect or cognition were more susceptible to persuasive appeals that matched versus mismatched the basis of attitudes. Experiment 1 provided evidence for a relative affective/cognitive persuasion matching effect and suggested that this matching effect could not be accounted for by attribute matching rather than affective/cognitive matching. Regardless of whether the persuasive appeal matched or mismatched the attitude on the attribute dimension, an affective/cognitive persuasion matching effect occurred. Experiment 2 examined whether the affective/cognitive matching effect could be accounted for by direct/indirect experience persuasion matching. Holding the direct/indirect experience distinction constant, results again demonstrated a relative affective/cognitive persuasion matching effect. Analyses of both experiments using previously validated measures of affect and cognition confirmed that manipulations of the affective and cognitive bases of attitudes were successful.
Soil carbon dioxide efflux in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech

Total Soil Respiration (TSR) was measured in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech and was partitioned into two contributions using the forest floor removal technique: Mineral Soil Respiration (MSR) and Forest Floor Respiration (FFR). In addition, laboratory incubations of the forest floor and the Ah horizon were performed to evaluate the heterotrophic respiration and the DOC production of these horizons. The relationships between soil temperature and the various soil respiration contributions in the three stands were compared using Q10 functions. In situ, significant differences (α = 0,05) between stands were observed for the R10 parameter (respiration rate at 10 °C) of the TSR, MSR and FFR contributions, while only the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of TSR was significantly affected by stand composition. The effect of soil water content was only significant on MSR and followed different patterns according to stand composition. Under controlled conditions, the R10 of the forest floor and of the Ah horizon varied with stand composition and the Q10 of the forest floor decreased in the order: oak (2.27) > mixture (2.01) > beech (1.71). RésuméLa respiration totale du sol (RTS) a été mesurée en peuplements purs et mélangés de chêne et de hêtre et a été subdivisée en deux contributions en enlevant les couches holorganiques de certaines zones de mesure (RSM : respiration du sol minéral et RCH : respiration des couches holorganiques). De plus, des échantillons de couches holorganiques et d’horizon Ah ont été incubés en laboratoire pour évaluer la respiration hétérotrophique et la production de DOC de ces horizons. Des fonctions Q10 ont été utilisées pour comparer les trois peuplements au niveau de la réponse à la température des différentes contributions à RTS. In situ, des différences significatives (α = 0.05) entre peuplements ont été mises en évidence en ce qui concerne le paramètre R10 (flux à 10 °C) de toutes les contributions (RTS, RSM, RCH) et la sensibilité à la température (Q10) de RTS uniquement. L’effet de la teneur en eau du sol était seulement significatif sur RSM et variait en fonction de la composition spécifique du peuplement. En conditions contrôlées, le paramètre R10 des couches holorganiques et de l’horizon Ah était significativement influencé par la composition spécifique; la respiration hétérotrophique des couches holorganiques présentait une sensibilité à la température décroissant suivant l’ordre : chênaie (2,27) > mélange (2,01) > hêtraie (1,71).
Towards a consistent model for both the H i and stellar mass functions of galaxies

Using the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model we simultaneously fit the H I mass function, stellar mass function and the fraction of red galaxies. We find good fits to all three observations at z = 0 and to the stellar mass function and red fraction at z = 2. Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques we adjust the L-Galaxies parameters to best fit the constraining data. In order to fit the H I mass function we must greatly reduce the gas surface density threshold for star formation, thus lowering the number of low H I mass galaxies. A simultaneous reduction in the star formation efficiency prevents the overproduction of stellar content. A simplified model in which the surface density threshold is eliminated altogether also provides a good fit to the data. Unfortunately, these changes weaken the fit to the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation and raise the star formation rate density at recent times, suggesting that a change to the model is required to prevent accumulation of gas on to dwarf galaxies in the local Universe.
The role of students' motivation and participation in predicting performance in a MOOC

Over the last 5years, massive open online courses MOOCs have increasingly provided learning opportunities across the world in a variety of domains. As with many emerging educational technologies, why and how people come to MOOCs needs to be better understood and importantly what factors contribute to learners' MOOC performance. It is known that online learning environments require greater levels of self-regulation, and that high levels of motivation are crucial to activate these skills. However, motivation is a complex construct and research on how it functions in MOOCs is still in its early stages. Research presented in this article investigated how motivation and participation influence students' performance in a MOOC, more specifically those students who persist to the end of the MOOC. Findings indicated that the strongest predictor of performance was participation, followed by motivation. Motivation influenced and was influenced by students' participation during the course. Moreover, situational interest played a crucial role in mediating the impact of general intrinsic motivation and participation on performance. The results are discussed in relation to how educators and designers of MOOCs can use knowledge emerging from motivational assessments and participation measures gleaned from learning analytics to tailor the design and delivery of courses. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Enhanced aggregation and β structure of amyloid β peptide after coincubation with C1Q

Several lines of evidence now suggest that aggregation of soluble amyloid β peptide (Aβ) into a cross β sheet configuration may be an important factor in mediating potential neurotoxicity of Aβ. Synthetic Aβ has been shown to self aggregate in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that coincubation of freshly solubilized Aβ with C1q, a complement component known to bind Aβ in vitro and to colocalize with Aβ in vivo, results in as much as a 7‐fold enhancement of Aβ aggregation, as well as a 2–4‐fold enhancement of β structure within aggregates. The addition of C1q to preformed Aβ aggregates also results in significantly increased resistance to aggregate resolubilization. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interface effects in theNi2px-ray photoelectron spectra of NiO thin films grown on oxide substrates

We report the Ni 2p x-ray photoelectron spectra of NiO thin films grown on different oxide substrates, namely, SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO. The main line of the Ni 2p spectra is attributed to the bulk component, and the shoulder at 1.5 eV higher binding energies to the surface component. The spectra of the NiO thin films show strong differences with respect to that of bulk NiO. The energy separation between the main peak and the shoulder increases with the substrate covalence. This indicates the strong covalent interactions between the NiO thin films and the oxide substrates, and reflects changes in the bonding at the interface from a more ionic to a more covalent interaction. These conclusions are supported by cluster model calculations with a reduced O 2p-Ni 3d hybridization.