Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poverty and mental health in Aboriginal Australia

Strait Islander Peoples (McLennan & Madden, 1997) outlines the following statistics. The life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians is 15 to 20 years lower than for non-Aboriginal Australians, and is lower than for most countries of the world with the exception of central Africa and India. Aboriginal babies are two to three times more likely to be of lower birth weight and two to four times more likely to die at birth than nonAboriginal babies. Hospitalisation rates are two to three times higher for Aboriginal than nonAboriginal Australians. Death rates from infec tious diseases are 15 times higher among Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians. Rates for heart disease, diabetes, injury and respiratory diseases are also all higher among Aboriginals and so the list goes on. It is fair to say that Aboriginal people have higher rates for almost every type of illness for which statistics are currently recorded. In regards to the mental health of Aboriginal Australians there is a notable lack of good quality data. In compiling their report Ways Forward: The National Consultancy Report on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health, Swan & Raphael (1995) found high levels of unmet need in relation to mental health. They suggested that Aboriginal people "suffer mental health problems
How the Citation Index Identifies Highly Cited Investigators in Nutrition

Academics often use the number of ‘‘citations’’ generated by an investigator, article, body of work, or journal as a measure of their influence and as a benchmark of research quality. Many investigators consider the citation record of journals when they select where to submit their research manuscripts for publication. The current National Research Council Survey of Research Doctorate Programs will use citations as an index to measure the performance of doctoral programs. Increasingly, citation indexes are being used during merit evaluations of faculty members. These citations are based on the large databases (sometimes called the Institute of Scientific Information [ISI] Web of Knowledge) maintained by Thomson Scientific. One of the subsets of this system is called ISIHighlyCited.com, which identifies the researchers whose total publications received the most citations in their fields during a 20-year period (1981Y1999). ISI has not released yet the list of ‘‘highly cited’’ researchers for 1983 to 2002. The methodology by which Thomson Scientific identifies the most citations is complicated and has limitations, and therefore, a brief explanation of the methodology is included.
Error Detection and Correction in SRAM Emulated TCAMs

Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) are widely used in network devices to implement packet classification. They are used, for example, for packet forwarding, for security, and to implement software-defined networks (SDNs). TCAMs are commonly implemented as standalone devices or as an intellectual property block that is integrated on networking application-specific integrated circuits. On the other hand, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) do not include TCAM blocks. However, the flexibility of FPGAs makes them attractive for SDN implementations, and most FPGA vendors provide development kits for SDN. Those need to support TCAM functionality and, therefore, there is a need to emulate TCAMs using the logic blocks available in the FPGA. In recent years, a number of schemes to emulate TCAMs on FPGAs have been proposed. Some of them take advantage of the large number of memory blocks available inside modern FPGAs to use them to implement TCAMs. A problem when using memories is that they can be affected by soft errors that corrupt the stored bits. The memories can be protected with a parity check to detect errors or with an error correction code to correct them, but this requires additional memory bits per word. In this brief, the protection of the memories used to emulate TCAMs is considered. In particular, it is shown that by exploiting the fact that only a subset of the possible memory contents are valid, most single-bit errors can be corrected when the memories are protected with a parity bit.
Surgical and Gynaecological Abdominal Emergencies in Adults: The Experience of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.

The objective of this study is to highlight the clinical spectrum of surgical and gynaecological abdominal emergencies in an urban teaching hospital in Nigeria. All emergency abdominal operations carried out in LASUTH between July, 2004 and December, 2006 were retrospectively studied. Data extracted from case files of patients, theatre operation registers and ward registers were analyzed. A total of 803 patients were reviewed. There were 254(31.6%) males and 549(68.4%) females. Ectopic pregnancy accounted for 44% of the emergencies. Acute appendicitis and intestinal obstruction were the reasons for surgery in 22% and 17% of the patients respectively. Less common indications were trauma(5.4%), septic abortion(3.6%), typhoid ileal perforation(3%) and gastroduodenal perforation(2.6%). Obstructed external hernia was the leading cause of intestinal obstruction while complicated appendicitis was the major cause of generalized peritonitis. Mortality rate was 4.5%. Ectopic gestation is the commonest indication for emergency exploratory laparotomy in our centre and should be considered in the diagnosis of acute abdomen in females. Early elective surgery for external hernia and prompt surgical treatment of acute appendicitis may decrease the burden of intestinal obstruction and generalized peritonitis in our practice. Key words: abdominal emergencies, gynaecological emergencies, acute abdomen, surgical abdomen.
Retraso diagnóstico y enfermedad avanzada en la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en la Comunidad de Madrid (2007-2011)

Background: Early HIV infection diagnosis means tremendous benefits both for the individual, in particular, and public heh, in general. The aim is to analyze the prevalence of delayed HIV-infection diagnosis in Madrid region and its related factors. Methods: Descriptive study of HIV-diagnosed patients from January 2007 to September 2011. A study was conducted on all new cases where the CD4+ count was below 200/µl ("presentation with advanced HIV disease", PAD), 350/µl ("late diagnosis", LD) and 500/µl. Descriptive and multivariate analysis by means of logistical regression. Results: 3,347 HIV-diagnoses were reported, with CD4 count data available in 2,896 cases. 29.7% of which were PAD, 48.1% were LD and 67.7%<500 CD4+. Both in Spaniards and foreigners, age and mode of transmission intravenous drug users (IDU) and heterosexual (HTX), were independent variables regarding late presentation. In foreigners, geographical origin was likewise an independent variable. In Spaniards the probability of contracting PAD and LD rise with age and was higher in HTX (OR:3.38 [95%CI:2.29-4.98) and 2.44 (1.67-3.56)] and IDU [OR: 2.41 (1.47-3.94) and 1.89 (1.19-3.01)] than men who have sex with men (MSM). For their part, probability of PAD and LD in foreigners increased with age and was higher in HTX (OR: 2.04 [1.44-2.89) and 2.29 (1.61-3.25)] than MSM and Latin American nationals (OR: 2.56 [1.48-4.42) and 2.29 (1.49-3.51)] and Sub-Saharan Africans (OR: 2.83 [1.52-5.28) and 2.52 (1.48-4.30)] than Western Europeans. Conclusions: In the Madrid Region a high number of new diagnoses are carried out in patients who should have already been under treatment. What is more some of them also present a significant degree of immuno-depression. Age, mode of transmission and geographical origin are closely related to late presentation.
The role of growth factors in foot and ankle surgery

Over the past few decades, orthopaedic research has focused on understanding the structural and functional biology of the major components of the musculoskeletal system. More recently, investigation into the molecular aspects of the healing process has led to the development of various biologic agents, both autologous and recombinant, that have the potential to maximize the natural healing response and optimize favorable outcomes with respect to bone and soft-tissue restoration in patients with orthopaedic injuries. These products, collectively known as orthobiologics, have gained recent growing interest and include platelet rich plasma (PRP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and various other growth factors and secretory proteins that are fundamental in promoting bone and soft-tissue healing. While the utility of these growth factors has been well-described in various fields of surgery, there is a paucity of data to support or oppose their use in foot and ankle surgery. This review article aims to describe the basic science and clinical data currently available to better understand the potential role of growth factors in foot and ankle surgery.
Calcitonin Injection and Functional Status of Females With Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases of both bone and cartilage. Since calcitonin may have positive effect on both of them. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of weekly calcitonin injection on patients with knee osteoarthritis using Western Ontario and McMaster universities arthritis index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Methods: The current prospective cross sectional study, randomly recruited 28 eligible female participants aged 55 - 70 from outpatients referred to rehabilitation clinics. These patients were in stages II and III based on Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale. Patients were requested to fill out the multidimensional WOMAC questionnaire on the day of enrollment into the study (baseline examination) and five weeks after completion of their treatment with calcitonin. Paired T-test was used to assess mean differences of the questionnaire. Results: Compared to baseline, significant improvement in WOMAC score was observed after five weeks of treatment. Pain, joint stiffness, functional activity and total score of WOMAC showed improvement of 80.6%, 25.3%, 41.9% and 47.91% respectively, which were statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Pain, activity and stiffness improved respectively according to the mean differences and confidence interval. Conclusions: The study results showed that calcitonin can provide proper outcomes such as increased locomotor activity. Although WOMAC parameters increased in all age groups, it had great effect just on 55 - 60 years age group. Therefore, improvement of quality of life and proper rehabilitation, which are the main factors in osteoarthritis patients, were almost achieved in this study.
Kıbrıs Türk Milli Mücadelesi (1914-1958)

Kibris adasi jeo-stratejik konumu nedeniyle bolgesinde buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Bu nedenle tarih boyunca mucadelelerin odagi olmustur. Yuzyillarca Turk egemenliginde yasamis olan adanin Turkiye icin onemi ise hem guvenlik acisindan hem de orada bulunan Turkler acisindan cok daha fazladir ve vazgecilmez niteliktedir. Calismamiz, bahsedilen tarihsel surecte Kibris’ta Turkler, Ingilizler ve Rumlar arasinda yasananlarin kronolojik bir ozetini icermekte ve cesitli arsiv belgelerinin degerlendirilmesi, Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyetinin Kurucu Cumhurbaskani Rauf Raif Denktas ile yapilan soylesi ve TMT Mucahit’i Kemal Abdullah’in anilari araciligiyla, Kibris konusundaki arastirmalara katki saglamayi amaclamaktadir
Fast Generation of Container Vessel Stowage Plans

Containerization has changed the way the world perceives shipping. It is now possible to establish complex international supply chains that have minimized shipping costs. Over the past two decades, the demand for cost efficient containerized transportation has seen a continuous increase. In order to answer to this demand, shipping companies have deployed bigger container vessels, that nowadays can transport up to 18,000 containers and are wider than the extended Panama Canal. Like busses, container vessels sail from port to port through a fixed route loading and discharging thousands of containers. Before the vessel arrives at a port, it is the job of a stowage coordinator to devise a stowage plan. A stowage plan is a document describing where each container should be loaded in the vessel once terminal operations commence. When creating stowage plans, stowage coordinators must make sure that the vessel is stable and seaworthy, and at the same time arrange the cargo such that the time at port is minimized. Moreover, stowage coordinators only have a limited amount of time to produce the plan. This thesis addresses the question of whether it is possible to automatically generate stowage plans to be used by stowage coordinators, and it advocates that the quality of the stowage plans and the time in which they can be generated is of the outmost importance for practical usage. We introduce a detailed description of a representative problem of the computational complexity of stowage planning that has enough detail to allow professionals from the industry to evaluate its solutions. A 2-phase hierarchical decomposition of the problem is presented. In the first phase, the problem of distributing containers to sections of the vessel is solved, and it is here that the seaworthiness of the solution is evaluated. In the second phase, the assignment of containers is refined to specific positions within the ship and lower level constraints are handled. The approach has been implemented with a combination of operations research and artificial intelligence methods, and has produced promising results on real test instances provided by a major liner shipping company. Improvements to the modeling of vessel stability and an analysis of its accuracy together with an analysis of the computational complexity of the container stowage problem are also included in the thesis, resulting in an overall in-depth analysis of the problem.
Mathematical optimization methods for clustering and classification with biological and medical applications

OF THE DISSERTATION Mathematical Optimization Methods for Clustering and Classification with Biological and Medical Applications by Chun-An Chou Dissertation Director: Wanpracha Art Chaovalitwongse The focus of the thesis is on the development of effective combinatorial optimization approaches for both large-scale clustering and classification problems in data mining with high computational complexity by massive biological and medical data. In the first part, we study an important clustering problem in computational and population biology, namely sibling reconstruction problem. The problem is mathematically considered a special case of capacitated clustering problem. A mathematical optimization model is proposed to establish the sibling relationships (i.e., groups of siblings) based on the biological concept of combinatorial constraints and similarity likelihood of genetic data. Both exact and heuristic solution approaches are developed, which enable the problem to be solved comparably and outperform other existing combinatorial and statistical approaches significantly. In the second part, we develop new combinatorial and pattern-based optimization approaches in the framework of Logical Analysis of Data (LAD) for binary classification. In the framework, while patterns are the building blocks for the LAD classification model, a new mathematical optimization model is proposed for generating decisive and high-quality patterns. Moreover, a column generation framework, where the proposed
Long-Term Outcomes Comparing Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair versus Conventional Mitral Valve Surgery

Objectives: To compare the long term outcomes between minimally invasive mitral valve repair (MiMVR) and conventional surgery. Current retrospective comparisons between the techniques frequently report echocardiographical (echo) outcomes early after surgery and rarely report them later. Methods: Patients were selected for MiMVR by the surgical multi-disciplinary meeting from June 2008-March 2013. Patients included had at least two transthoracic post-operative echocardiograms. Echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular size and systolic function, degree of mitral regurgitation (MR) and mean mitral valve gradient were recorded. Clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, re-operation, recurrence of at least moderate MR and elevated mean mitral valve gradients > 5 mmHg were recorded and compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: 223 patients were screened, 96 (43%) met the criteria and were included. Thirty-seven patients underwent conventional surgery and 59 underwent MiMVR. Mean clinical follow-up was 6.3 years and echo follow up was 3.2 years. There was a significantly higher recurrence of moderate MR in the conventional group (38% (n = 19) versus 17% (n = 10)). The mean LV end-diastolic diameter was 4.8 cm (conventional) versus 5.0 cm (MiMVR). The incidence of elevated PG was 26% (n = 13, conventional) and 23% (n = 14, MiMVR). There was no significant difference in incidence in re-operation (conventional 12% (n = 6), MiMVR 8.3% (n = 5)). Long-term mortality was higher in the conventional group (1.7% vs. 18% p = 0.004) although the logistic Euroscore was significantly higher 6.8% ± 5.4 vs. 3.6% ± 1.6. Conclusions: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is safe and feasible in selected patients with good medium and long-term echocardiographic follow-up.
Prevalence of depression in users of primary care settings

BACKGROUND: Depression, an important global health problem, negatively impacts the lives of individuals and their families beyond simply increasing the demand for health services. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of depression and associated mental health issues in individuals older than 14 years of age seeking primary care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three primary care units involved with the Catholic University of Pelotas. Depression, anxiety disorders, and suicide risk were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Factors such as age, gender, solitary living, education, and psychoactive substance use were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of depression was 23.9% (n = 256). Depression was more prevalent in women with only 4-7 years of education, in women who belong to socioeconomic class D or E, in those who abuse or are dependent on alcohol, or in women who showed an anxiety disorder or suicide risk (p < 0.050). DISCUSSION: Based on these findings, we emphasize the integration of mental health care into primary care through diagnostic evaluations and treatment protocols that cover depression and its comorbidities.
Travel impedance agreement among online road network data providers

ABSTRACT Online mapping providers offer unprecedented access to spatial data and analytical tools; however, the number of analytical queries that can be requested is usually limited. As such, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) services offer a viable alternative, provided that the quality of the underlying spatialtheir data is adequate. In this paper, we evaluate the agreement in travel impedance between estimates from MapQuest Open, which embraces OpenStreetMap (OSM) data–a is based on VGI datasetfrom OpenStreetMap (OSM), and estimates from two other popular commercial providers, namely Google Maps™ and ArcGIS™ Online. Our framework is articulated around three components, which simulates potentialcalculates shortest routes, estimates their travel impedance using a routing service Application Program Interface (API), and extracts the average number of contributors for each route. We develop an experimental setup with a simulated dataset for the state of North Carolina. Our results suggest a strong correlation of travel impedance among all three road network providers. and that travel impedanceThe agreement is the greatest in areas with a denser road network and the smallest for routes of shorter distances. Most importantly, tTravel estimates from MapQuest Open are nearly identical to both commercial providers when the average number of OSM contributors along the route is larger. The latter finding contributes to a growing body of literature on Linus’s law, recognizing that a larger group of contributors holds the potential to validate and correct inherent errors to the source dataset.
Improvised Bryant's traction in the treatment of neonatal femoral fractures

Background: Femoral fractures in the neonatal period could occur in vaginal or caesarean deliveries. Options of treatment in the neonate include hip spica cast application, use of Pavlik harness and Bryant's traction. Aim: To report our experience utilizing improvised Bryant's traction in the treatment of neonatal femoral fractures. Methods: A study of consecutive neonates with femoral fractures following caesarean section managed by the authors from 1 st January 2007 to 31 st October 2011 utilizing improvised Bryant's traction at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and private clinics in Port Harcourt. The improvised Bryant's traction was assembled using readily available materials. The Bryant's traction was applied for 2-3 weeks in hospital followed by hip spica application for another 3 weeks. Results: During the period, 18 patients were seen, 12 males and 6 females. Their birth weights ranged from 3.2 to 3.8 kg and they were all singleton. All the fractures united satisfactorily with no deformity or limb length discrepancy. There were no vascular or skin complications in any of the patients. Conclusion: Improvised Bryant's traction can safely be utilized in the hospital treatment of neonatal femoral fractures. Keywords: Bryant's traction, Improvised, Neonate, Femur, Fractures
Just add sugar... : Structural Studies on Glucansucrase and Fructansucrase Enzymes from Lactobacilli

Extracellulaire polysacchariden geproduceerd door melkzuurbacterien hebben interessante eigenschappen voor o.a. de voedingsindustrie. Polysacchariden van het type α-glucaan of β-fructaan worden gesynthetiseerd door glucansucrase resp. fructansucrase enzymen. Dit proefschrift beschrijft 3D-structuuronderzoek aan enkele glucan- en fructansucrases, gebruik makend van Rontgenkristallografie en kleine hoek Rontgen verstrooiing technieken. Van glucansucrase GTF180 uit Lactobacillus reuteri 180 werd een verkorte vorm (GTF180-ΔN) gekristalliseerd om de eerste 3D-structuur van deze klasse enzymen te bepalen. In verschillende kristalvormen bleek een van de vijf domeinen van GTF180-ΔN twee heel verschillende posities in te nemen, resulterend in hetzij een langgerekte hetzij een compacte conformatie. In oplossing heeft GTF180-ΔN een langgerekte conformatie. Het volledige GTF180 heeft een boemerang-achtige vorm, met het N-terminale domein als ‘extensie’ aan de overige domeinen. Ook werd de kristalstructuur van glucansucrase GTFA-ΔN uit Lactobacillus reuteri 121 bepaald, en vergeleken met die van GTF180-ΔN. De twee enzymen zijn 78% identiek qua aminozuur volgorde maar verschillen in productspecificiteit: ze synthetiseren α-glucanen met α(1→6)/α(1→3) glycosidische bindingen (GTF180-ΔN) dan wel α(1→6)/α(1→4) glycosidische bindingen (GTFA-ΔN). Uit de structuur kon worden afgeleid dat aminozuur residuen dichtbij de acceptor bindingsplaats, en in het bijzonder het aminozuur direct volgend op het aminozuur dat de transition-state stabiliseert, een cruciale rol spelen in de productspecificiteit. De eerste kristalstructuur van een bacteriele sucrase die β(2→1)-geschakelde β-fructaan oligosacchariden en polymeren (inuline) maakt, InuJ uit Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533, verklaart waarom inulosucrases eenzelfde substraatspecificiteit hebben als levansucrases die β(2→6) geschakelde β-fructanen synthetiseren. Productspecificiteit wordt waarschijnlijk bepaald door acceptor bindingsplaatsen verder weg van de actieve holte.