Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social evaluations of restaurant managers: the effects on frontline employees’ job attitudes and turnover intentions

This paper aims to examine the effects of restaurant managers’ warmth and competence on employees’ turnover intentions mediated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study aims to enhance existing literature related to the influence of social perceptions that casual dining restaurant employees may adopt regarding their restaurant managers. ,The data came from 781 employees of a large US-based casual dining restaurant franchise group that owned 43 restaurants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, followed by multilevel path and post hoc mediation analyses, to assess the effects of the proposed model. ,Results demonstrated that managers’ warmth and competence represented a single factor, instead of two distinct constructs, thus contradicting several sociopsychological studies. Moreover, managers’ warmth and competence had an indirect influence on employees’ turnover intentions through both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. ,Knowing that employees develop improved job attitudes and lower turnover intentions when they evaluate their managers as warm and competent individuals, restaurant operators should focus on both of these social characteristics when designing interviewing processes, management training, and performance appraisal programs. ,By studying a casual dining restaurant franchise group that operates a single brand, thus minimizing variation in policies and procedures, this paper fulfills an identified need to examine two fundamental social dimensions that people often use in professional settings, and which have not been vastly studied in organizational behavior or hospitality literature.
Asset Owners and the Diffusion of Responsible Investment. What Explains the Low Rate of Adoption?

Asset Owners are significant, powerful investors and can play a leading role in ESG integration and the move towards a longer-term horizon. Unfortunately, little has changed so far in terms of moving towards more sustainable and responsible business practices. To find what influences the rate of adoption on the Asset Owner level, I conduct 10 interviews with major players in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany. I find that they prefer to hire an Asset Manager who integrates ESG, but that they struggle to translate this into action. Looking at the perceived attributes of Responsible Investment, I find that its complexity, relative advantage and trialability impede the rate of adoption. I also find that there is too little dialogue for this complex innovation and that Asset Owners are making too little effort. Overall, German AOs are lagging behind compared to those in the Netherlands and the UK. However, they are not as large and have significantly less exposure to equity. This means that they also do not have as much of a responsibility to drive Responsible Investment forward.
Trichostatin A Induces Transforming Growth Factor β Type II Receptor Promoter Activity and Acetylation of Sp1 by Recruitment of PCAF/p300 to a Sp1·NF-Y Complex*

Transforming growth factor β type II receptor (TβRII) is a tumor suppressor gene that can be transcriptionally silenced by histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cancer cells. In this report, we demonstrated the mechanism by which trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDAC, induces the expression of TβRII in human pancreatic cancer cell lines by modulating the transcriptional components that bind a specific DNA region of the TβRII promoter. This region of the TβRII promoter possesses Sp1 and NF-Y binding sites in close proximity (located at –102 and –83, respectively). Treatment of cells with TSA activates the TβRII promoter in a time-dependent manner through the recruitment of p300 and PCAF into a Sp1·NF-Y·HDAC complex that binds this DNA element. The recruitment of p300 and PCAF into the complex is associated with a concomitant acetylation of Sp1 and an overall decrease in the amount of HDAC associated with the complex. Transient overexpression of p300 or PCAF potentiated TSA-induced TβRII promoter activity. The effect of PCAF was dependent on its histone acetyltransferase activity, whereas that of p300 was independent. Stable transfection of PCAF caused an increase in TβRII mRNA expression, the association of PCAF with TβRII promoter, and the acetylation of Sp1. Taken together, these results showed that TSA treatment of pancreatic cancer cells leads to transcriptional activation of the TβRII promoter through modulation of the components of a Sp1·NF-Y·p300·PCAF·HDAC-1 multiprotein complex. Moreover, the interaction of NF-Y with the Sp1-associated complex may further explain why this specific Sp1 site mediates transcriptional responsiveness to TSA.
Assessing explanatory models for common mental disorders.

OBJECTIVES This article addresses the clinical implications of 3 questions: (1) Can a simple checklist, suitable for use by practitioners, assess all components of explanatory models (EMs) for mental distress? (2) Are perceived causes of mental distress actually related to treatment preferences? (3) Are EMs influenced uniquely by ethnic group, or are they more closely associated with the presence of common mental disorders? METHOD From February 2003 to January 2004, we investigated EMs for mental distress among 79 Bangladeshi, 85 black Caribbean, and 97 white British people who reported difficulties in the preceding month. EMs were assessed by a self-report checklist that inquired about the identity, causes, timeline, consequences, controllability, and preferred treatments for mental distress. Common mental disorders were assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule (revised). RESULTS Independent of ethnic group, people with common mental disorders were more likely to give spiritual causal explanations (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9 to 4.9), to report behavioral (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.8) and financial consequences (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.8 to 6), and to prefer complementary treatments (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 2.3 to 9.1). Compared with black Caribbean and white British subjects, Bangladeshi subjects more often gave spiritual or physical causal explanations. Compared with white British subjects, Bangladeshi and black Caribbean subjects preferred medical and spiritual treatments, whereas white British subjects, as compared with the other 2 ethnic groups, preferred self-management and social treatments. Causal explanations did not always relate to the corresponding treatment preferences. CONCLUSIONS EMs can be assessed by a simple checklist, show variations by ethnic group, and are associated with common mental disorders. Identifying EMs may strengthen the assessment of common mental disorders.
Use of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and risk of breast cancer recurrence: a Danish nationwide prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE To estimate associations between use of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and breast cancer recurrence in a large Danish cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 18,733 women diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer between 1996 and 2003. Patient, treatment, and 10-year recurrence data were ascertained from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group registry. Prescription and medical histories were ascertained by linkage to the National Prescription Registry and Registry of Patients, respectively. β-Blocker exposure was defined in aggregate and according to solubility, receptor selectivity, and individual drugs. ACE inhibitor and ARB exposures were defined in aggregate. Recurrence associations were estimated with multivariable Cox regression models in which time-varying drug exposures were lagged by 1 year. RESULTS Compared with never users, users of any β-blocker had a lower recurrence hazard in unadjusted models (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.0) and a slightly higher recurrence hazard in adjusted models (adjusted HR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5). Associations were similar for exposures defined by receptor selectivity and solubility. Although most individual β-blockers showed no association with recurrence, metoprolol and sotalol were associated with increased recurrence rates (adjusted metoprolol HR = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8; adjusted sotalol HR = 2.0, 95% CI, 0.99 to 4.0). ACE inhibitors were associated with a slightly increased recurrence hazard, whereas ARBs were not associated with recurrence (adjusted ACE inhibitor HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.4; adjusted ARBs HR = 1.1, 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.3). CONCLUSION Our data do not support the hypothesis that β-blockers attenuate breast cancer recurrence risk.
How does uncertainty affect workplace accidents? Exploring the role of information sharing in manufacturing networks

The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of uncertainty on workplace accidents at the plant level. Furthermore, this study explores such relation in complex settings (i.e. manufacturing networks) and assesses whether or not information sharing in such environments can reduce the potentially negative impact of uncertainty on accidents. ,To assess the relationships between uncertainty, accidents and information sharing the authors utilise cross-country survey data collected through the sixth iteration of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey. The authors conceptualise workplace accidents through production time lost due to accidents. Furthermore, the authors conduct multiple regression analyses to test the hypotheses. ,Results suggest that procurement, production, and demand uncertainties do indeed lead to an increase in workplace accidents at the plant level. Furthermore, the negative impact of uncertainty can be significantly reduced through information sharing. ,This study represents a comprehensive attempt to simultaneously assess the impact of uncertainty on workplace accidents at the plant level and the possible moderating impact of information sharing.
Revisiting the Relationship between Financial Wealth, Housing Wealth, and Consumption: A Panel Analysis for the U.S.

Based on the seminal paper of Case, Quigley, and Shiller (2013), we investigated the effects of financial and housing wealth on consumption. Using quarterly data from 1975 to 2016 for all states of the U.S. economy, and a different methodology in measuring wealth, we report relatively greater financial effects than housing effects on consumption. Specifically, in our basic utilized model, the calculated elasticity for financial wealth was 0.060, while for housing it was 0.045. The results were not in agreement with the ones obtained by Case, Quigley, and Shiller. In an attempt to investigate this disparity, we proceeded by incorporating the introduction of the Tax Reform Act in 1986, which increased incentives for owner-occupied housing investments. Finally, due to distributional factors at work, and taking into account the pronounced uneven distribution of wealth, we investigated the effects of wealth for eight states that included the metropolitan areas comprising the well-known Case–Shiller 10 City Composite Index. Now the housing effect on consumption was much stronger and larger than the financial effect. Additionally, we forecasted the consumption changes at the time of high rise and large drops in house prices for these states. Forecasts showed a recession from the fall of Lehman Brothers until the fourth quarter of 2011. These forecasts were not verified. Probably, the new techniques used by policies played an important role. We also found that extreme behaviors cannot be predicted.
Profitable Nonprofits? Reward-Based Crowdfunding in the Czech Republic

Abstract This paper deals with crowdfunding as a new and alternative mechanism of nonprofit funding which has thus far attracted little scholarly attention in the Czech context. It focuses on the factors that affect a campaign’s overfunding rate and determines whether these factors are consistent among different forms of project creators. A comprehensive analysis of reward-based crowdfunding in the Czech Republic was conducted based on the data from 617 projects using the Czech crowdfunding platform Hithit that were categorized according to the status of the project creator. Using binary logistic regression, a statistic estimation on an overall sample and on a sample of purely nonprofit projects was executed in order to observe if the outcomes diff er. Th e key empirical finding is that NGOs tend to raise fewer additional funds than other forms of project creators. Except for certain specific factors, the effects of the examined factors were consistent across all samples. Th is new and innovative approach to resource insufficiency by using alternative funding sources presents an important and unexplored research gap in the (post-) transitive context of nonprofit sector studies, enabling a view of policy implications for Czech NGOs.
The Farnesoid X-receptor Is an Essential Regulator of Cholesterol Homeostasis*

To address the importance of the farnesoid X-receptor (FXR; NR1H4) for normal cholesterol homeostasis, we evaluated the major pathways of cholesterol metabolism in theFXR-deficient (−/−) mouse model. Compared with wild-type,FXR(−/−) mice have increased plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a markedly reduced rate of plasma HDL cholesterol ester clearance. Concomitantly, FXR(−/−) mice exhibit reduced expression of hepatic genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport, most notably, that for scavenger receptor BI.FXR(−/−) mice also have increased: (i) plasma non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, (ii) apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein synthesis, and (iii) intestinal cholesterol absorption. Surprisingly, biliary cholesterol elimination was increased inFXR(−/−) mice, despite decreased expression of hepatic genes thought to be involved in this process. These data demonstrate that FXR is a critical regulator of normal cholesterol metabolism and that genetic changes affecting FXR function have the potential to be pro-atherogenic.
The economic impact of selected structural reform measures in Italy, France, Spain and Portugal

Structural reforms launched in Italy, Spain, Portugal and France could have significant economic benefits and raise GDP, new estimates from the European Commission show. By 2020, the selected reforms modelled in this focus section are expected to raise GDP by some 1Âo % in Italy and Spain and some 2% in Portugal, with the benefits increasing over time. In France, where only the most recently launched reforms were modelled, the increase in GDP is expected to be close to I©%. This could imply a boost to GDP growth of between 0.1 and 0.3 pps. on average over five years. The projected gains in output are seen coming from improvements in productivity and/or higher employment rates. The reforms are also generally seen as beneficial to public finances as the higher growth associated with them should boost tax revenues. Although these effects are sizeable and provide a welcome boost to growth, they also show that more could be done when compared to best performers. It is also important to stress upfront that the positive short term impact of product and labour market reforms on output and employment can be maximised through complementary measures that support demand (such as measures to boost investment), especially under the current conditions of slow growth and very low inflation prevalent in the euro area, reduce the costs of some of these reforms (e.g. through stronger corporate insolvency frameworks), and the appropriate sequencing of the specific reform measures. The analysis in this report is based on selected reforms reviewed in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 National Reform Programmes of Italy, Spain and Portugal, and the 2015 National Reform Plan of France. These include measures covering product markets (including network industries), labour markets (including. education), as well as pension system and tax reforms. Crucially, our methodology focusses on the structural component of reform measures by assuming revenue neutrality, and hence excludes the direct fiscal impact. The methodology aims to provide a first impact assessment of reforms actually implemented or planned in selected Member States, but it must be acknowledged that all estimates are surrounded by large uncertainties and should be interpreted with caution. (
Monitoring epidemic viral respiratory infections using one‐step real‐Time Triplex RT‐PCR targeting influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus†

Rapid and specific diagnosis of influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) viruses is needed for optimal management of patients with acute respiratory infections. In this study, a one‐step triplex real‐time RT‐PCR assay was developed for rapid diagnosis of influenza A/B and RSV infections to optimize diagnosis efficiency of acute respiratory infections. Cell‐culture supernatants and clinical samples were used to evaluate specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The assay was used routinely during two winter epidemics for testing respiratory specimens from 2,417 patients. The limit of detection in cell‐culture supernatant was 1–10 plaque forming units/input (influenza A/B) and 2 × 10−2 50% tissue culture infectious dose/input (RSV). In clinical samples, the assay was as sensitive as commercial molecular assays for the detection of each influenza A/B and RSV (Flu‐A/B and RSV‐A/B r‐gene™) individually, and far more sensitive than antigen detection. During the winter 2008–2009, the assay identified 145 RSV, 42 influenza A, and one mixed RSV‐influenza A infections among 298 patients. The next winter, the assay was used in two independent hospital laboratory settings. 776 patients were tested in one hospital and 1,343 in the other, resulting in 184 and 501 RSV, 133 and 150 influenza A, and 1 and 11 mixed RSV‐influenza A infections, respectively, being detected. This new user‐friendly assay allows rapid (within hours), effective molecular diagnosis of single or mixed infections involving influenza A (including seasonal A H1N1 and H3N2, and A(H1N1) 2009), influenza B, and RSV(A/B). The assay is very valuable for managing patients during winter epidemics when influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses co‐circulate. J. Med. Virol. 83:695–701, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta-analysis of sex difference in testosterone levels in umbilical cord blood

This meta-analysis reviewed published literature comparing human male and female umbilical cord total testosterone (T) levels. A total of 18 studies using 1,229 samples from 602 male and 627 female newborns were analysed using the RevMan 5 statistical package. Analysis using the inverse variance method based on a random-effects model revealed significantly higher cord T in boys than girls at a moderate effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.57). There was significant heterogeneity between the 18 studies, although the five studies using direct assays showed no heterogeneity. For studies using extraction and chromatography, those that combined T from arterial and venous cord blood found a larger sex difference than those using only cord venous samples (Hedges’ g = 0.94 vs 0.32); this suggests umbilical cord venous T is of maternal/placental origin and arterial T is of fetal origin. The wide range of T values between studies suggests high cross-reactivity in the assay methods reviewed.
Research Design Issues in Studies Using Discretionary Accruals

Because discretionary accruals are known to be noisy proxies of earnings management that often produce biased results, we argue that a correlation between discretionary accruals and a hypothesized factor is generally not an adequate basis for valid inferences about earnings management. In this commentary, we propose and discuss a set of suggestions for improving the research design of studies on earnings management that use discretionary accruals. Specifically, we discuss suggestions for developing predictions about earnings management, choosing among discretionary accrual proxies, estimating discretionary accruals, addressing potential bias in the estimates, and critically evaluating the results obtained.
Autonomy support, self-regulation, and weight loss.

OBJECTIVE Social support is believed to contribute to weight loss success, yet the type of support received is rarely assessed. To develop more effective weight loss interventions, examinations of the types of support that are associated with positive outcomes are needed. Self-Determination Theory suggests that support for an individual's autonomy is beneficial and facilitates internalization of autonomous self-regulation. We examined whether autonomy support and directive forms of support were associated with weight loss outcomes in a larger randomized controlled trial. METHOD Adults (N = 201; 48.9 ± 10.5 years; 78.1% women) participating in a weight loss trial were assessed at 0, 6, and 18 months. Autonomy support (AS), directive support, and autonomous self-regulation (ASR) were measured at 0 and 6 months and examined in relation to 18-month weight loss outcomes. RESULTS Baseline AS and ASR did not predict outcomes; however, AS and ASR at 6 months positively predicted 18-month weight losses (ps < .05), encouragement of healthy eating at 6 months was negatively related to 18-month weight losses (p < .01), and other forms of directive support were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Autonomy support predicted better weight loss outcomes while some forms of directive support hindered progress. Weight loss trials are needed to determine whether family members and friends can be trained to provide autonomy support and whether this is more effective than programs targeting more general or directive forms of support.
Hepcidin‐25 Concentrations Are Markedly Increased in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Are Inversely Correlated With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates

Hepcidin‐25 regulates iron homeostasis by binding the iron transporter ferroportin, causing its degradation. Increased hepcidin‐25 causes decreased intestinal iron absorption and release from intracellular stores. Our objective in this study was to measure hepcidin‐25 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to determine if they might contribute to the anemia of CKD.
The Global Governance of Precarity : Primitive Accumulation and the Politics of Irregular Work

‘Standard’ employment relationships, with permanent contracts, regular hours, and decent pay, are under assault. Precarious work and unemployment are increasingly common, and concern is also growing about the expansion of informal work and the rise of ‘modern slavery’. However, precarity and violence are in fact longstanding features of work for most of the world’s population. Lamenting the ‘loss’ of secure, stable jobs often reflects a strikingly Eurocentric and historically myopic perspective. This book argues that standard employment relations have always co-existed with a plethora of different labour regimes. Highlighting the importance of the governance of irregular forms of labour the author draws together empirical, historical analyses of International Labour Organisation (ILO) policy towards forced labour, unemployment, and social protection for informal workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Archival research, extensive documentary research and interviews with key ILO staff are utilised to explore the critical role the organization’s activities have often played in the development of mechanisms for governing irregular labour. Addressing the increasingly widespread and pressing practical debates about the politics of precarious labour in the world economy this book speaks to key debates in several disciplines, especially IPE, global governance, and labour studies. It will also be of interest to scholars working in development studies and critical political economy.