Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-ischemic administration [correction of administeration] but not pre-ischemic administration [correction of administeration] of NG-nitro-L-arginine prevents spatial memory impairments and apoptosis by an inhibition of a delayed increase in NOx- in the hippocampus following repeated cerebral isch

In the present study, we investigated the effects of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, on repeated cerebral ischemia-induced impairment of spatial memory of the 8-arm radial maze in rats. Repeated ischemia (10 min ischemia x 2 times with 1 h interval) impaired the spatial memory in the 8-arm radial maze test and produced apoptosis in the hippocampus 7 days after final occlusion, and gradually increased the NO(x)(-) levels approximately 30-180 min after the second reperfusion. Post-ischemic administration of L-NAME at a dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p. 30 min following the second occlusion, significantly attenuated the repeated ischemia-induced impairment of spatial memory in the 8-arm radial maze test and suppressed apoptosis in the hippocampus, and also significantly suppressed a delayed increase in the NO(x)(-) levels induced by repeated ischemia. However, pre-ischemic administration of L-NAME at a dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p. 30 min before the first occlusion, caused about 90% mortality (the mortality rate of vehicle-treated group was 10%). These results suggest that the delayed generation of NO(x)(-) may cause spatial memory impairment and induction of apoptosis in the hippocampus in rats subjected to repeated ischemia.
Colour Discrimination in the Black-Tufted-Ear Marmoset (Callithrix penicillata): Ecological Implications

The dietary diversity of marmosets is substantial, which may reflect differences in their colour vision. This study examined the colour discrimination ability of a gummivore/insectivore callitrichid, Callithrix penicillata, which inhabits the Brazilian cerrado (bush savanna). A series of ecologically relevant tasks, involving a behavioural paradigm of discrimination learning in semi-natural conditions and the usage of ecologically relevant stimuli, was executed. Three marmosets, 2 males and a female, behaved like human dichromats, showing an impaired performance when orange and green stimuli had to be discriminated. In contrast, 2 females resembled human trichromats, discriminating those kinds of pairs. Our data suggest that Callithrix penicillata presents a polymorphic trichromacy, with dichromatic males and dichromatic or trichromatic females.
Reye's syndrome. I. Blood ammonia and consideration of the nonhistologic diagnosis.

Blood ammonia levels were measured in 40 of 43 cases of Reye's syndrome; the blood ammonia level was elevated in 32 cases. The level of blood ammonia was directly related to the level of consciousness and survival. There was no correlation between subsequent changes in the blood ammonia level and the clinical course. We conclude that ammonia intoxication contributes to the encephalopathy of Reye's syndrome, and, probably, that other factors secondary to hepatic dysfunction are also important. In the presence of encephalopathy, biochemical criteria indicating hepatic dysfunction appear to provide a rational, nonhistologic basis for the diagnosis of Reye's syndrome.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY TO THE RELATIONSHIP QUALITY ON THE BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS MARKET

The topic of the paper is focused on elaborating the impact of perceived service quality on the relationship quality at the business-to-business market. The purpose of the research is twofold. First is to expand the findings of only a few studies on the relationship between these variables, as there is no consensus on the nature of their relationship. The second is to deepen the theoretical understanding of the impact of service quality model on the relationship quality. The main research problem is how and to what extent the perceived service quality affects the relationship quality at the B2B market. The investigation of the use of financial services was conducted on a basic set of all hotels in Croatia. The model was tested using correlation analysis. The results of the research confirm the value and applicability of the conceptual model tested at the under-researched field of "service to service" marketing.
Identification of the first strain of swine hepatitis E virus in South America and prevalence of anti‐HEV antibodies in swine in Argentina

In Argentina, a country considered non‐endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, serologic evidence of HEV infection has been observed in different human population groups. In other countries, a high degree of genetic relatedness has been observed between human and swine HEV genotype 3 sequences, suggesting zoonosis as one probable route of infection. This is the first identification of swine HEV in South America. HEV RNA was detected and sequenced in the ORF 1 and ORF 2 regions from swine fecal samples from a herd located in Pergamino, in the province of Buenos Aires. These strains all group into genotype 3 and exhibit a close relationship to two novel HEV variants previously identified in Argentina from sporadic acute cases of non‐A to ‐C hepatitis in humans. In addition, using a modified commercial ELISA, the presence of anti‐HEV antibodies was surveyed in five provinces across the country and all five showed a prevalence of HEV antibodies, ranging from 4% to 58%. The results suggest that swine could be an important reservoir for virus transmission in Argentina as has been suggested for other non‐endemic areas. The Argentine human strains and swine strain described in this article seem to be closely related to a human Austrian strain, suggesting a potential European origin of HEV infection in these cases. J. Med. Virol. 78:1579–1583, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic programming and duality applied to an optimal control problem

The solution to a basic problem in time-invariant l1 optimal control is constructed in feedback form. Using ideas from dynamic programming and duality, we find the rule describing how, for optimal l1 regulation, the state at any time instant is to be mapped to the state at the next time instant. This mapping is a function of the state alone and, much like the optimal gain matrix for linear quadratic control, can be computed before system operation.
Patterns of Fatal Head Injury in Road Traffic Accidents

Results: Vehicle accidents comprised 35% (632) of the total medico-legal autopsies. Fifty-eight percent (367) had sustained head injury, 76% (279) had a Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less at the time of presentation in the emergency, 72% (273) survived less than 24 hours. Subdural (62.40%), Subarachnoid (23.5%), Extradural (16%) and Intracerebral (9%) haemorrhages were the major causes of death. Skull fractures were detected in 88.1%, while cerebral contusions and lacerations occurred in 23.7%. Six percent developed intracranial infections. Conclusion: For prompt treatment of such cases immediate Glasgow Coma Scoring, radiological evaluation, surgical Intervention and Intensive care is required. Establishment of trauma teams and proper infrastructure at the primary health care level is recommended.
Prevalence of Celiac disease in Turkish children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and their non-diabetic first-degree relatives Tip 1

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a common autoimmune disease in children. The risk for other autoimmune disorders is increased in children with T1DM and their relatives (1). Recent data have supported that Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals (2). Strong evidence for the association between T1DM and CD has been shown in children. Up to 8% of patients with T1DM have the characteristic featuTurk J Gastroenterol 2010; 21 (1): 34-38
The Economic Consequences of Family Policies: Lessons from a Century of Legislation in High-Income Countries

We draw lessons from existing work and our own analysis on the effects of parental leave and other interventions aimed at aiding families. The outcomes of interest are female employment, gender gaps in earnings and fertility. We begin with a discussion of the historical introduction of family policies ever since the end of the nineteenth century and then turn to the details regarding family policies currently in effect across high-income nations. We sketch a framework concerning the effects of family policy to motivate our country- and micro-level evidence on the impact of family policies on gender outcomes. Most estimates of the impact of parental leave entitlement on female labor market outcomes range from negligible to weakly positive. The verdict is far more positive for the beneficial impact of spending on early education and childcare.
The Experiences of Family Members of Non-Organ Donors on the Crisis Rising From Patients’ Brain Death

Background Brain death crisis as an overwhelming situation can create a critical state for families in which they are unable to make logical decisions for their patients with brain death. Objectives This study aimed to explore the experiences of family members of patients with brain death, who did not donate their patients’ organs. Methods A qualitative study was conducted on nine non-donor family members of patients with brain death, selected using the purposeful sampling method. To collect data, deep unstructured interviews were held to reach data saturation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed utilizing the phenomenology approach based on the seven-step Colaizzi’s method. Results The participants of this study explained their situation as ‘an overwhelming situation in families due to patients’ brain death’. Also, the data analysis led to the development of four main themes as follow: ‘overwhelming situation’, ‘perplexity factors’, ‘the sling loops of defect in consent for organ donation’, and ‘compatibility’. Conclusions The overwhelming effects of the patients’ brain death on the family members and the crisis rising from it influenced the decisions made by family members for organ donation. Therefore, some measures should be taken to cultivate appropriate adaptive behaviors among family members for relieving their sorrow and pain. Moreover, healthcare team members should be informed of the crisis raised from patient’s brain death and help family members make logical decisions with regards to organ donation.
What's wrong with negative liberty

This is an attempt to resolve one of the issues that separate ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ theories of freedom, as these have been distinguished in Isaiah Berlin's seminal essay, ‘Two concepts of liberty’. Although one can discuss almost endlessly the detailed formulation of the distinction, I believe it is undeniable that there are two such families of conceptions of political freedom abroad in our civilization. Thus there clearly are theories, widely canvassed in liberal society, which want to define freedom exclusively in terms of the independence of the individual from interference by others, be these governments, corporations or private persons; and equally clearly these theories are challenged by those who believe that freedom resides at least in part in collective control over the common life. We unproblematically recognize theories descended from Rousseau and Marx as fitting in this category. There is quite a gamut of views in each category. And this is worth bearing in mind, because it is too easy in the course of polemic to fix on the extreme, almost caricatural variants of each family. When people attack positive theories of freedom, they generally have some Left totalitarian theory in mind, according to which freedom resides exclusively in exercising collective control over one's destiny in a classless society, the kind of theory which underlies, for instance, official communism. This view, in its caricaturally extreme form, refuses to recognize the freedoms guaranteed in other societies as genuine.
Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Self‐reported Practice Concerning Urinary Incontinence in Nursing Home Care

BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent problem in aging adults and is associated with significant psychosocial, physical, and economic consequences. In order to improve continence care, it is important to understand nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about UI. This study examined the relationship between knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and continence-related practice. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to gather self-reported data from 315 nurses and nursing assistants. INSTRUMENT Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts: (1) the Knowledge and Practice Instrument, (2) the German version of Henderson's Attitude and Belief Scale, and (3) demographic data. RESULTS Results demonstrate that knowledge and attitude are related to practice. In contrast, beliefs showed no relation to either practice, or to knowledge, or to attitudes. The practice subscales, which can best be influenced by knowledge and behavioral attitude, are “assessment and information” and “drinking habit and excretion. ” CONCLUSIONS It is worth making an effort to increase nurses' knowledge about UI assessment via continuing education. In addition, nurses' and nursing assistants' attitudes can be positively influenced by cooperation with advanced practice geriatric nurses.
Optimizing Timetable Synchronization for Rail Mass Transit

In most urban public transit rail systems, passengers may need to make several interchanges between different lines to reach their destination. The design of coordinated timetables that enable smooth interchanges with minimal delay for all passengers is a very difficult task. This paper presents a mixed-integer-programming optimization model for this schedule synchronization problem for nonperiodic timetables that minimizes the interchange waiting times of all passengers. A novelty in our formulation is the use of binary variables that enable the correct representation of the waiting times to the “next available” train at the interchange stations. By adjusting trains' run times and station dwell times during their trips and their dispatch times, turnaround times at the terminals, and headways at the stations, our model can construct high-quality timetables that minimize transfer waiting times. We also discuss an optimization-based heuristic for the model. We have tested our algorithm for the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong, which runs six railway lines with many cross-platform interchange stations. Preliminary numerical results indicate that our approach improves the synchronization significantly compared with the current practice of using fixed headways and trip times. We also explore the trade-offs among different operational parameters and flexibility and their impact on overall passenger waiting times.
MBARI Dorado AUV's scientific results

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute has been developing Autonomous Underwater Vehicles since 2000. Two sizes currently exist: Dorado class AUVs and Long Range AUVs. This document focuses on recent scientific discoveries made with the Dorado AUVs, which have operated in Monterey Bay, Southern California, the Juan de Fuca plate region offshore of Oregon and Washington states, the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of California, and the Lau Basin. The Dorado's are modular, which allows interchanging different sections for specific missions. Two examples of research with the CTD/Gulper are chlorophyll peak capture and upwelling front detection and capture. Mapping AUV results presented include location of hydrothermal chimneys, repeat bathymetric surveys, and several surprising discoveries
Reframing Sexting as a Positive Relationship Behavior

Sexting, defined as “sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, images, or photos through electronic means, particularly between cell phones” (Klettke, Hallford, & Mellor, 2014), has received growing attention as a risky activity, associated with numerous other risk taking behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, drug use) and negative health sequelae (e.g., sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancy) (Drouin, Vogel, Surbey, & Stills, 2013; GordonMesser, Bauermeister, Grodzinski, & Zimmerman, 2013). This approach fails to account for the possible positive effects of open sexual communication with a partner. The research in this presentation explored the possibility that sexting may also be a protective factor by examining the relationship between sexting and relationship and sexual satisfaction. This work also explored the relationship between past sexting behavior and attitudes about sexting.
Mathematical analysis and experimental validation of transient over-voltage higher than 2 per unit along industrial ASDM long cables

A mathematical technique to compute incident and reflected waves in long cable PWM drives has been developed. The mathematical formulas describing these waves are developed in the frequency domain. The inverse Laplace transform is then applied to obtain the time domain sets of equations for their computation at any point along the cable. This technique has permitted to investigate over-voltage transients and the dv/dt not only at the motor terminals, but all along the inverter-to-motor cable. As a result, the oscillation frequency, the critical cable length and the possible peak voltage could be determined. Over- voltage investigations has been done for i) inverter wide and spaced output voltage pulses ii) successive small and close pulses. Contrary to most previous papers, this work shows analytically that i) in the first case over-voltage can go up to 2 p.u ii) in the second case over-voltage can go higher than the known 2 p.u level and can reach up to 4 p.u in the worst conditions. This paper includes simulations and experiments that were carried out on an industrial 5 kVA ASD prototype using a 4-wire braided-shielded long cable. The simulation results are compared with the obtained experimental waveforms so as to validate the proposed technique.
Three‐Dimensional Mapping of Right Atrial Activation During Sinus Rhythm and Its Relationship to Endocardial Architecture

Right Atrial Activation. Introduction: Previous mapping studies of right atrial (RA) activation during sinus rhythm have been limited by the use of epicardial electrode plaques in open chest subjects or microelectrodes in the excised heart. This study describes global RA endocardial activation patterns using high‐density mapping and compares the results with underlying endocardial architecture.
Preterm birth and respiratory disease in later life

Chronic respiratory diseases are a common complication of preterm birth, particularly among very immature infants or those suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Major progress in the treatment of preterm newborns has changed the pattern of late respiratory complications. The major respiratory problem in infancy and early childhood is respiratory exacerbations caused by infections (particularly viral ones), which need hospitalization. The symptoms become mild in school-age children; however, a group of children still present with chronic airway obstruction defined by recurrent episodes of wheezing and decreased lung function tests (decreased forced expiratory volume). For some preterm infants, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, obstructive lung disease persists into adulthood. They are very likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or similar disease later in life. In these patients, a program of lung function monitoring and pulmonary prophylaxis by means of elimination of specific risk factors in adulthood is advisable.
Autism and autism risk in siblings of children with specific language impairment.

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that family members of children with autism have elevated rates of spoken and written speech and language problems. AIMS This study asked whether there was also a greater rate of siblings with autism among probands with specific language impairment. METHODS & PROCEDURES The probands in this study were 158 children with specific language impairment and 132 children with normal language status. These probands had 522 siblings who were examined for risk of autism using the Autism Behavior Checklist. Siblings found to be at risk were then examined using the Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-G. OUTCOMES & RESULTS A concentration of siblings with risk for a diagnosis of autism was found in association with probands who had poor spoken language skills. Four siblings of the 522 (0.8%) met the diagnostic standards for autism. All the probands of these siblings had spoken language scores below -1 SD and three had diagnoses of spoken language impairment. CONCLUSIONS These data provide additional support for a familial association between autism and spoken language impairment.
Prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy of ondansetron in laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anaesthesiaA randomised, double‐blind comparison with droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo

The prophylactic anti‐emetic efficacy and safety of pre‐operative intravenous ondansetron was evaluated in a randomised, double‐blind, comparison with droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo in 160 ASA grade 1 and 2 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to receive ondansetron (4 mg), droperidol (1.25 mg), metoclopramide (10 mg) or placebo given as a single intravenous dose immediately before induction of a standardised general anaesthetic. There were no significant differences between the four study groups with regard to the demographic and anaesthetic data, postoperative analgesia, postoperative sedation scores, duration of postoperative hospital stay and incidence of adverse events. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower (p < 0.05) between 1 h and 4 h after surgery in the ondansetron group compared with the droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo groups. The incidence of nausea was similar in the four groups in the other study periods: 0–1 h and 4–24 h. The incidence of vomiting was lower in the ondansetron, droperidol and metoclopramide groups than in the placebo group between 1 and 4 h but was the same between 4 and 24 h. As a result of the lower incidence of nausea and vomiting between 1 h and 4 h in the ondansetron group, the overall incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower during the first 24 h after surgery in this group than in the other three groups.
Running head : ONLINE PAUSES AND SILENCE Online Pauses and Silence : Chronemic Expectancy Violations in Written Computer-Mediated Communication

This study examines e-mail response latency as an expectancy violation, and explores its impact. Managers evaluated job candidates who varied in their response latency to an e-mail (one day, two weeks, and silence for over a month), and in their reward valence. As predicted by expectancy violations theory (Burgoon & Hale, 1988), candidate reward valence moderated the effect of response latency on variables such as applicant evaluation, credibility, and attractiveness. A norms-based definition of online silence is presented, and the influential and complex role of response latency and of online silence as nonverbal chronemic cues in written CMC is elaborated.
Candida pseudohaemulonii Sp. Nov., an Amphotericin B‐ and Azole‐Resistant Yeast Species, Isolated from the Blood of a Patient from Thailand

Candida haemulonii (types I and II) is rarely isolated from clinical specimens. We isolated a strain that is phylogenetically close to C. haemulonii from the blood of a Thai patient, and named it C. pseudohaemulonii sp. nov. (CBS 10099T=JCM 12453T=DMST 17134T). The new species and C. haemulonii types I and II were resistant to amphotericin B and azole agents but were susceptible to a 1,3‐β‐D‐glucan synthetase inhibitor, micafungin, and 5‐flucytosine. The species were easily distinguished using an ID32 yeast identification kit. The taxonomic description of C. pseudohaemulonii sp. nov. is presented.