Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Teaching Turkish as a Second Language.

Vocabulary learning is the basis of the language learning process in teaching Turkish as a second language. Vocabulary learning strategies need to be used in order for vocabulary learning to take place effectively. The use of vocabulary learning strategies facilitates vocabulary learning and increases student achievement. Each student uses a different strategy in line with their own needs. In this study, it was aimed to determine the vocabulary learning strategies of the students in Gaziosmanpasa University Turkish Teaching and Application Center (TOMER). The general screening model was used in the study. Natpassorn Riankamol's 25-item Questionnaire of Vocabulary Learning Strategies was applied to 22 students at level A1. The questionnaire was based on Schmitt’s Taxonomy. Schmitt’s taxonomy (1997) is a comprehensive inventory of vocabulary learning strategies. He divides the strategies into two groups: the ones to determine the meaning of new words when learners encounter them the first time, and the ones to consolidate meaning when learners encounter words again. The former group contains determination and social strategies and the latter contains cognitive, metacognitive, memory and social strategies. Schmitt includes social strategies in both categories since they can be used for both purposes. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage and averages. As a result of the research, it was seen that the students' language levels were effective in determining the vocabulary strategies they used. Students used determination strategies the most while using cognitive strategies the least. Keywords: Teaching Turkish as a Second Language, Vocabulary Learning, Vocabulary Strategies
Evaluation of NPK fertilizers and bacterial inoculants influence on soil dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass and yield of maize.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an application of different rates of mineral fertilizers and their combination with associative N-fixing Klebsiella planticola and Enterobacter spp. and sampling period on microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in Cambisol and grain yield of maize. The values of the studied parameters of the soil microbial activity were significantly higher in the variants where combination of bacterial inoculants and lower rates of mineral fertilizers was applied, as well as in the second sampling period. Mentioned combination also resulted in higher grain yield of maize comparing to the application of lower rates of the pure NPK nutrients.
Using Rights to Re-invent Secularism in France and Turkey

For the last two decades the human rights’ discourse has been increasingly used across the world – one could argue that there has even been a globalization of human rights. This discourse has also, been intrinsically linked to positivism, enlightenment and secularism. It is with this in mind that this paper looks at how religious Muslim individuals and groups in France and Turkey have been appropriating human rights discourse and its national, regional and international legal channels to challenge state secular policies and redefine the relationship between religion and the state. I argue that because groups are framing their demands through a rights based discourse their plea becomes more powerful and legitimate, as they are using and re-appropriating elements of a global secular framework to challenge boundaries of Turkish and French state secularism. Moreover, the EU variable over the last decade has strengthened even more the value of human rights claims. By looking into two specific case studies the work of the Collective Against Islamophobia in France and the Merve Kavakci case v. Turkey presented at the Strasbourg court of Human Rights, I attempt to analyze if groups are using this ‘authorized narrative’ simply because it is the most effective way for them to assert their religiosity, or if they have found a space where they can propose a new plural ethos that can better coexist with their piety in other words, a space where they can redefine, and propose perhaps a more plural and de-centralize vision of secularism. In 2004, France passed a law banning all ‘conspicuous’ religious symbols from public schools. What caught my attention at that time, was that headscarved students who demonstrated against this law received the support of some secular rights based organizations, and were using slogans that stressed the incompatibility of those laws with their human rights: ‘Right to school, Right to Knowledge’ (January 17 2004, demonstration in Paris, my translation from the French ‘Droit à l’école, Droit à l’éducation’)). In the same vein, I discovered that the right based discourse was also used by religious groups and individuals to challenge strict secular policies in Turkey, and this led to the creation of broader coalitions with secular human rights groups. I found this to be quite an interesting phenomenon as it seemed that religious groups and individuals were re-appropriating a discourse considered by many as secular to protect their rights. Thus, the separation, stressed by many in the literature, between secularism and Islam seemed, at least in this case, to be suddenly quite blurred. From that starting point, I felt compelled to analyze, more thoroughly, how groups were using this discourse in response to state strict secular laws, and to what extent it offered them a space where secularism and piety could co-exist – a space where perhaps they could pluralize their state’s vision of secularism. This article is a presentation of my preliminary research finding on this research inquiry.
Characterization and correction of stray light in optical instruments

Improperly imaged, or scattered, optical radiation within an instrument is difficult to properly characterize and is often the dominant residual source of measurement error. Scattered light can originate from the spectral components of a "point" source and from spatial elements of an extended source. The spectral and spatial scattered light components are commonly referred to as stray light and can be described by an instrument's spectral line spread function (SLSF) and point spread function (PSF), respectively. In this paper, we present approaches that characterize an instrument's response to scattered light and describe matrices that have been developed to correct an instrument's response for this scattered light. Examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach and implications for remote sensing instruments are discussed.
Coupling statistically downscaled GCM outputs with a basin-lake hydrological model in subtropical South America: evaluation of the influence of large-scale precipitation changes on regional hydroclimate variability

We explore the reliability of large-scale climate variables, namely precipitation and temperature, as inputs for a basin-lake hydrological model in central Argentina. We used data from two regions in NCEP/NCAR reanalyses and three regions from LMDZ model simulations forced with observed sea surface temperature (HadISST) for the last 50 years. Reanalyses data cover part of the geographical area of the Sali-Dulce Basin (region A) and a zone at lower latitudes (region B). The LMDZ selected regions represent the geographical area of the Sali-Dulce Basin (box A), and two areas outside of the basin at lower latitudes (boxes B and C). A statistical downscaling method is used to connect the large-scale climate variables inferred from LMDZ and the reanalyses, with the hydrological Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in order to simulate the Rio Sali-Dulce discharge during 1950-2005. The SWAT simulations are then used to force the water balance of Laguna Mar Chiquita, which experienced an abrupt level rise in the 1970's attributed to the increase in Rio Sali-Dulce discharge. Despite that the lowstand in the 1970's is not well reproduced in either simulation, the key hydrological cycles in the lake level are accurately captured. Even though satisfying results are obtained with the SWAT simulations using downscaled reanalyses, the lake level are more realistically simulated with the SWAT simulations using downscaled LMDZ data in boxes B and C, showing a strong climate influence from the tropics on lake level fluctuations. Our results highlight the ability of downscaled climatic data to reproduce regional climate features. Laguna Mar Chiquita can therefore be considered as an integrator of large-scale climate changes since the forcing scenarios giving best results are those relying on global climate simulations forced with observed sea surface temperature. This climate-basin-lake model is a promising approach for understanding and simulating long-term lake level variations.
Identity Processes to Trigger Turnaround in Response to Organizational Decline

This article proposes a model of identity-related social processes that, when applied during organizational decline, is hypothesized to support turnaround and avoid organizational death. The social processes are retiring, reclaiming, reaffirming, regenerating, and reimagining identity attributes. Although this model is rooted in past studies and literature on organizational decline and organizational identity, empirical research is needed to validate or adjust the model. Future work could involve examination of identity negotiations within past cases of organizational decline and turnaround as well as devising and testing specific retiring, reclaiming, reaffirming, regenerating, and reimagining interventions.
Autocrine secretion of interferon-α/β and tumour necrosis factor-α synergistically activates mouse macrophages after infection with herpes simplex virus type 2

Resistance of mice to infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is strongly dependent on the function of macrophages (Mφ). Infection of mouse Mφ with HSV-2 results in an early (4 to 10 h) activation of the cells with an enhanced respiratory burst generated after membrane triggering with a phorbol ester. The role of monokines produced during this infection was analysed. Both interferon-α/β (IFN-α/β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were produced within the very first hours after infection of Mφ with HSV-2. Exogenously added IFN-α/β conferred to Mφ a respiratory burst capacity comparable to that seen after virus infection, whereas TNF-α by itself was unable to prime Mφ for a respiratory burst. In fact concentrations of TNF-α comparable to those found in HSV-2-infected Mφ cultures generally suppressed the response. However, when TNF-α was added together with IFN-α/β a dose-dependent synergistic enhancement of the IFN-induced Mφ activation was seen. The kinetics of the synergistic activation by the two monokines was similar to that seen with IFN-α/β alone. Neutralizing antibodies to IFN-α/β and TNF-α were able to diminish the HSV-induced priming of Mφ for a respiratory burst. When the two antibodies were used together in subneutralizing concentrations an additional diminution of the responsiveness was seen, indicating that both monokines are involved in the virus-induced priming of Mφ. However, high concentrations of antibodies to IFN-α/β alone were able to abolish the activation completely, whereas this was not the case with anti-TNF-α. Collectively these data demonstrate that autocrine secretion of IFN-α/β by Mφ infected with HSV-2 is a sine qua non for the activation of Mφ during the infection, and that this effect of IFN is synergistically enhanced, also in an autocrine manner, by TNF-α. It is suggested that this reciprocal Mφ-monokine interaction may be of importance in resistance to virus infections.
Computation of Flow Noise Using Source Terms in Linearized Euler's Equations

An acoustic analogy using linearized Euler’ s equations (LEE) forced with aerodynamic source terms is investigated to computetheacousticfare eld. Thishybridmethod isappliedto threemodelproblemssimulatedby solving Navier‐Stokes equations. In this way, its validity is estimated by comparing the predicted acoustic e eld with the reference solution given directly by the Navier ‐Stokes equations. The noise radiated by two corotating vortices is studied: e rst, in a medium at rest and, second, in a mean sheared e ow with no convection velocity. Then the sound e eld generated by vortex pairings in a subsonic mixing layer is investigated. In this case, a simplie ed formulation of LEE is proposed to prevent the exponential growth of instability waves. The acoustic e elds obtained by solving LEE are in good agreement with the reference solution. This study shows that the source terms introduced into the LEE are appropriate for free sheared e ows and that acoustic ‐mean e ow interactions are properly taken into account in the wave operator. Nomenclature b = half-width of the monopolar source c = sound velocity E;F;H = vectors in linearized Euler’ s equations (LEE) f = frequency f0 = fundamental frequency of the mixing layer k = complex wave number, kr Ciki M = Mach number p = pressure Re = Reynolds number rc = vortex core radius r0 = initial half distance between the two vortices S = sound source vector in LEE Si = source terms in the momentum equations T = period Tij = Lighthill’ s tensor t = time U = unknown vector in LEE U1 = slow stream velocity of the mixing layer U2 = rapid stream velocity of the mixing layer u = velocity vector, . u1;u2/ Vµ = initial tangential velocity of vortices
The Relationship between Grades 8-12 Students’ Motivation for Self-Selected Reading in English and Academic Achievement at Bangkok Christian International School, Thailand

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which academic achievement is influenced by motivation for self-selected reading in English and reading achievement. This study was conducted using the survey method employing the researcher made Adolescent Motivation for Self-Selected Reading Questionnaire (AMSSRQ). Academic achievement data was collected from students’ individual report cards for the first quarter of the academic year 2015-16. The sample of the study consisted of 83 eighth to twelfth grade students from Bangkok Christian International School, Bangkok, Thailand, in the first semester of the academic year 2015-16. Additionally, the relationship between motivation for self-selected reading in English and reading achievement, and reading achievement and academic achievement were investigated. Further to this the relationship between motivations for self-selected reading in English and general self-efficacy for learning and performance were also investigated. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results confirmed the hypotheses. There was a significant relationship between motivation for self-selected reading in English and reading achievement. In turn there was a significant relationship between reading achievement and academic achievement. Additionally, this study found a significant relationship between motivation for self-selected reading in English and general self-efficacy for learning and performance. The study concludes with recommendations for practice and future research.
Predictive role of meaning in life on psychological well-being and gender-specific differences

This study examines the predictive role of meaning in life and gender-specific differences on psychological well-being of 226 Spanish undergraduates (87 men, 38.5%; 139 women, 61.5%) ranging in age from 17 to 25 years, M = 21.08, SD = 2.18. Measures included both the Spanish adaptations of the Crumbaugh and Maholic’s Purpose-In -Life Test and the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The hypothesis stated that meaning in life would predict psychological well-being and that women would reach a higher score in several dimensions of psychological well-being. Statistical analysis included simple linear regressions, and a t-test. Results showed that: (1) meaning in life was a significant predictor variable of psychological well-being, especially of global psychological well-being, self-acceptance, purpose in life, and environmental mastery; and (2) women reached a higher score, statistically significant, in global psychological well-being, environmental mastery, personal growth and purpose in life. Findings were discussed in the light of previous researches.
Effects of obstacle height on the control of the body center of mass motion during obstructed gait

Abstract Tripping over obstacles has been reported as one of the most frequent causes of falls in the elderly. Since a successful crossing requires the stability of the body through the control of the motion of the body center of mass (COM), the purpose of this study was to investigate the COM motion when crossing obstacles of different heights. Ten young healthy adults walked and crossed obstacles of heights of 10%, 20% and 30% of their leg lengths in a gait laboratory. The COM motions were calculated using data measured from a motion analysis system. It was found that vertical motions of the COM, including position, velocity and acceleration, were all modulated to successfully cross obstacles of different height. All acceleration components of the COM were changed with increased obstacle height, suggesting that different forces from muscle contractions were needed to control COM stability when facing different obstacle heights. These findings may help shed light on further investigation of the motor control strategies of the central nervous system for obstacle crossing and serve as baseline data in the evaluation of the elderly and patients.
Semantic Anchoring in Sequential Evaluations of Vices and Virtues

How do people evaluate sequentially presented items? Prior research suggests that sequential evaluations are subject to anchoring biases, such that the values of subsequently evaluated alternatives are assimilated toward the initially considered option. The present research argues, however, that sequential valuations often lead to contrast rather than assimilation effects, whereby values of the subsequently estimated alternatives are distanced from the initially evaluated option. These contrast effects are attributed to semantic anchoring, which stems from evaluating conceptually related options classified into opposing categories (e.g., vices and virtues).
Efficiency of a chemo-thermotherapy technique for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from in vitro rose plantlets

Mosaic is presumably the most commonly encountered viral disease in roses. We have developed chemo-thermotherapy for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from rose plants. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were also applied separately and their antiviral effect compared with the chemo-thermotherapy. In this procedure, infected explants were regenerated on MS medium containing ribavirin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l for 20 and 40 days, followed by a thermotherapy treatment for 30 days at 38 °C for 16 hours and 22 °C for 8 hours per day. The complex of rose viruses (ArMV and PNRSV) were effectively eradicated from regenerated rose plantlets as verified by doubleantibody sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Thermotherapy alongside with chemotherapy (containing 30 mg/l per one month) during the period of four weeks was the best treatment for plantlet regeneration and virus elimination. The virus elimination efficiency from ArMV, PNRSV and ArMV + PNRSV infected plants were determined as 63.33%, 90.09% and 85.18%, respectively. A detailed procedure for elimination of mixed viruses is described.
Modelling Seasonality with Fractionally Integrated Processes

We propose in this article the use of a particular version of the tests of Robinson (1994) for testing seasonally fractionally integrated processes. The tests have standard null and local limit distributions and allow us to test unit and fractional seasonal roots even with different amplitudes at different frequencies. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to check the power of the tests against different types of fractional alternatives and, an empirical application, using quarterly data for the U.S. total expenditure of several monetary aggregates is also carried out at the end of the article.
Flagging greens:hydrobiid snails as substrata for the development of green algal mats (Enteromorpha spp.) on tidal flats of North Atlantic coasts

During the past 3 decades, dense mats of green algae (especially Enteromorpha spp.) have been recorded regularly from tidal flats worldwide. The development of green algal mats on tidal flats may be initiated by overwintering and regrowth of adult plants or by the formation and release of small propagules, i.e. vegetative fragments, zoospores and zygotes. On soft sediments, macroinverte- brates may constitute prime substrata for germination of algal spores. Hydrobud (mud-) snails are widespread along North Atlantic soft sediment shores and were identified previously as important sub- strata for Enteromorpha spp. germlings in 1 of our study areas. To test the generality of this phenome- non, we investigated the presence of Enteromorpha spp. gerrnlings attached to hydrobud snails from November 1995 to December 1996 on 6 tidal flats of North Atlantic coasts (Tralebergslule, Sweden; Konigshafen Bay, Germany; Mondego Estuary, Portugal; Ria Formosa, Portugal; Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada; Lowes Cove, Maine, USA). With 1 exception, hydrobiid snails were present in all areas studied, and intensive growth of Enteromorpha spp. occurred during summer. Throughout winter 1995/96, hardly any Enteromorpha spp. gerrnlings were found on snail shells, but over the following months germlings developed on up to 60% of the hydrobiid snails present. In 2 areas (Konigshafen, Germany; Lowes Cove, USA), germhng abundance on hydrobuds began to rise before the peak of green algal mat development. In Tralebergskile, Sweden, high mat abundance occurred simultaneous to and after increased germling abundance on Hydrobia ulvae. Densities of snails were very low, how- ever, and hydrobuds appeared to be unimportant as substratum. No clear temporal pattern between high germling abundance on snails followed by mat development was found in the other 3 study areas (Ria Formosa, Portugal; Mondego Estuary, Portugal; Cole Harbour, Canada). In Lowes Cove, USA, gerrnlings and juveniles of Enteromorpha spp. first grew at the site with high Hydrobia abundance and were subsequently drifted to another site where they developed into full mats. We conclude that initi- ation of green algal mats by germination on Hydrobia spp. may be a general phenomenon, but that other modes of development also occur frequently. Pelagic dnft of overwintering thalli to new sites, fol- lowed by prolific growth, might be of similar or greater importance.
Using whole body vibration to improve jump ability in young recreational sportmen

The whole body vibrations (WBV) it is nowadays one of the most widely used methods for improving the explosive strength. In this study, 12 subjects participating in recreational physical activity were allocated to a 5 sets of 60 s training, using a frequency of 30 Hz, an amplitude of 2.5 mm. and a isometric position (110 ° bending knees) on a Galileo Fitness ® (Novotech, Germany) platform. The results showed an increase in SJ (+1.76 ± 4.05 cm) and CMJ (+1.10 ± 3.20 cm) in the post-test conducted just after the vibration. The values of the post-test performed 30 minutes after the squat jump remained above the ones of pre-test but just below the ones of the immediate post-test (+0.42 ± 4.43 cm). By contrast the values in the counter movement jump drop below the pre-test ones (-0.12 ± 2.45 cm). Based on these data it seems that when the frequency is not high it is necessary to use a greater amplitude in order to achieve the desired effects. The effect achieved after the vibration is transient, not remaining after 30 minutes.