Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TCRM_A_204377 1183..1206

Il Young Cho 1,2 1College of Pharmacy, Ewhawomans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Pharmaceutical Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea Abstract: Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly used as alternatives to conventional therapies and have considerable accumulated real-world clinical data in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is not easy to make a complete changeover to NOACs in real-world clinical practice because NOACs still have challenges in specific patient populations (eg, Asian patients, NVAF patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome [ACS], dialysis patients with NVAF, patients with cancer-associated VTE, etc.). Clinical data on the optimal dose of NOACs in Asian patients with NVAF are not sufficient. The intensity of NOAC and antiplatelet treatment and the duration of antiplatelet treatment should be adjusted according to the bleeding and thrombotic risk profiles of the individual NVAF patient presenting with ACS. Increased bleeding risk and unclear efficacy of NOACs in dialysis patients with NVAF should be considered when making decisions on whether to give NOACs for these patients. If dialysis patients with NVAF require anticoagulant for stroke prevention, then apixaban could be considered while awaiting more clinical efficacy and safety data. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of continuing treatment with reduced-dose NOACs for long-term therapy after VTE. We have enough experiences in using NOACs in cancer patients showing the benefit of antithrombotic treatment counterbalanced the bleeding risk; however, some challenges of cancer-associated VTE management exist due to differences in cancer types or chemotherapy regimens and comorbidities. Different dosing regimens among NOACs may impact on medication adherence; thus, individual patient preference should be considered in choosing a particular NOAC. A significant proportion of patients remain on warfarin because of the high price of NOACs and variability in reimbursement coverage. To compensate clinical-evidence and achieve optimal use of NOACs, we should pay attention to the outcomes of ongoing studies and evaluate more real-world data.
Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest

Abstract. This study presents the first investigation of the methane (CH4) emissions of a large festival. Munich Oktoberfest, the world's largest folk festival, is a potential source of CH4 as a large amount of natural gas for cooking and heating is used. In 2018 we measured the CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest using in situ measurements combined with a Gaussian plume dispersion model. Measurements were taken while walking and biking around the perimeter of the Oktoberfest premises (Theresienwiese) at different times of the day, during the week and at the weekend. The measurements showed enhancements of up to 100 ppb compared to background values and measurements after Oktoberfest. The average emission flux of Oktoberfest is determined as (6.7±0.6) µg (m2 s)−1. Additional analyses, including the daily emission cycle and comparisons between emissions and the number of visitors, suggest that CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest are not due solely to the human biogenic emissions. Instead, fossil fuel CH4 emissions, such as incomplete combustion or loss in the gas appliances, appear to be the major contributors to Oktoberfest emissions. Our results can help to develop CH4 reduction policies and measures to reduce emissions at festivals and other major events in cities. Furthermore, events with a limited duration have not yet been included in the state-of-the-art emission inventories, such as TNO-MACC, EDGAR or IER. Our investigations show that these emissions are not negligible. Therefore, these events should be included in future emission inventories.
Distinct Origins of Restricted Progenitors in Postnatal Mouse Blood

Background Most researchers have accepted that unipotent progenitors are the predominant components in bone marrow for tissue regeneration. However, the unipotent progenitors for blood components are still unclear. We previously found that erythrocytes are derived from a distinct unipotent progenitors, or erythrocyte sacs. Methods In the current study, we investigated if the other types of unipotent blood cell progenitors existed, what was their original morphologies, and the mechanism of their generation in mouse blood. Results We found two morphologically distinct structures that released spore-like small progenitors in mouse blood. One structure was filamentary-like, contained inclusions, widened due to differentiation of the inclusions, and eventually, released spore-like DNA+ and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34)+ spore-like small progenitors. Another structure was bud-like, contained inclusion, enlarged from less than 10 µm to more than 30 µm, and also released many spore-like small progenitors. Each type of these spore-like progenitors was approximately 1 µm in diameter and could continue to transdifferentiate in circulation. Conclusions Our data provide evidence that two types of blood cell restricted progenitors are produced from either filamentary structures or bud-like structures. Both filamentary and bud-like structures were originally released from morphologically distinct, or lineage predetermined tube-shaped structures, or specific niches. Thus, distinct lineages of blood unipotent progenitors are newly produced.
Fish assemblage dynamics in the Ratones River Mangrove, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Estuarine fish assemblages are highly dynamic due to intra and interspecific interactions, physiological limitations and life strategy. Understanding this ichthyofauna dynamic will support conservation and species preservation strategies. Thereby, we investigated the composition, structure and the habitat use over time and space in fish assemblages of the Ratones River estuary, Santa Catarina State. Sampling was conducted monthly from January to December 1998 at five areas of the Ratones River using three cast nets with the same diameter and different mesh sizes. Salinity and temperature were significantly different between seasons, but were not different between the sampling sites. Likewise, environmental variables did not significantly explain the pattern of the 18 families and 30 fishes species sampled in this study. Although physical and chemical parameters play a key role on the species distribution patterns, it is likely that the major cause of variability in the abundance of fish in these areas relates to the reproductive patterns, associated with spawning and juvenile recruitment period, such as observed to Mugil liza, the second most abundant species in this study. Despite Ratones River to be surrounded by anthropogenic activities of Florianópolis city, its mangroves seem help the development of juvenile fishes.
Avoiding lodging in irrigated spring wheat. I. Stem and root structural requirements

A model of the lodging process has been successfully adapted for use on spring wheat grown in NorthWest Mexico (NWM). The lodging model was used to estimate the lodging-associated traits required to enable spring wheat grown in NWM with a typical yield of 6 t ha−1 and plant height of 0.7 m to achieve a lodging return period of 25 years. Target traits included a root plate spread of 51 mm and stem strength of the bottom internode of 268 N mm. These target traits increased to 54.5 mm and 325 N mm, respectively, for a crop yielding 10 t ha−1. Analysis of multiple genotypes across three growing seasons enabled relationships between both stem strength and root plate spread with structural dry matter to be quantified. A NWM lodging resistant ideotype yielding 6 t ha−1 would require 3.93 t ha−1 of structural stem biomass −1 tem strength
EFFECT OF MINERAL, BIO AND ORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY AND UPTAKE AT NORTHERN DELTA OF EGYPT.

Effect of organic fertilizer as compost (20 m 3 fed -1 ), N-biofertilization (cyanobacteria Azospirillum, Azotobacter inoculations and mix of previous inoculations) and mineral nitrogen fertilization application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N fed -1 ) on wheat grain and straw yields, N-uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) were studied for wheat crop (Triticum aestivum, L.), variety Sakha 93. Two field trials at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Dammietta governorate through winter season 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 were conducted. The results showed that wheat grain and straw yields and N-uptake in grain and straw increased with use of mineral fertilizer rates up to 90 kg N fed -1 , but N utilization efficiency for wheat crop was decreased. As well as these results showed that a mixture of bio-fertilizers, cyanobacteria, Azotobacer and Azospirillum inoculations, respectively gave the highest values of the previous parameters except the NUtE, where the order of values was upward with the order of the previous inoculations. Also, the results showed that the use of organic fertilizer as a compost gave the highest values of wheat grain and straw yields and N-uptake in grain and straw and the lowest values of NUtE. Organic fertilizer + a mixture of bio-fertilizers + 90 kg N fed -1 gave the highest wheat grain and straw yields and N-uptake and gave the lowest N utilization efficiency. In addition, applying organic fertilizer + mix or BGA or Azotobacer inoculation could produce economic wheat grain and straw yields when it combined with 30 kg N fed -1 and in the same time, this treatment gave high N utilization efficiency and thus saves in mineral fertilization, which may lose when applying the full recommended dose and conserves environment by reducing pollution hazards.
TONAL TARGETS AND THEIR ALIGNMENT IN DAEGU KOREAN

This study investigates tonal targets in Daegu Korean. Through our analysis of F0 and alignment, especially focusing on the turning point, we identified the different features between the rise before the accent and the fall after the accent. In the contour before the accent, we identified the turning point from the low plateau to the rise, anchored to the end of the syllable immediately preceding the accented syllable. On the other hand, in the contour after the accent, the turning point was not clear and, even if it exists, it was delayed. These results are against the theory in previous literature that the accented syllable is associated with H*+L in this dialect.
PRBM_A_177834 513..521

Siân A McLean Hannah K Jarman Rachel F Rodgers 1Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 2School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 3Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, Chru Montpellier, Montpellier, France; 4Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Social media use has grown rapidly in recent years, with one of the most popular activities for young people being the taking, sharing, and browsing of digital self-photos, known as selfies. However, research has only recently begun to investigate selfies, and little is known about selfie practices in adolescents, or the associations between these practices and well-being and body confidence. This paper aimed to address this gap and conduct a narrative review of selfie practices and the relationships with well-being and body confidence in adolescents. No studies were found reporting on selfie practices and these relationships among children. However, taking selfies appears to be common practice among adolescents, although posting selfies online is less frequent. The studies reviewed indicate that certain aspects of selfie behaviors may be more problematic than others. Specifically, viewing selfies online appears to have a negative impact on adolescents' well-being and body confidence, at least in the short term in experimental contexts. Moreover, seeking and placing importance on feedback from others may also be a harmful aspect of selfie practices. Finally, consistent with research examining social media, social comparison has been identified in this emerging body of research as a potential mechanism which links selfie engagement to well-being and body confidence. To further advance understanding of the correlates and effects of selfie practices, research with children and with boys, and research focused on a wider range of indicators of well-being, is needed. Most importantly, prospective research is required to examine the directionality of links between selfie practices and well-being and body confidence.
Conditional Performance Evaluation: Evidence for the Portuguese Mutual Fund Market

We estimate and compare the performance of Portuguese-based mutual funds that invest in the domestic market and in the European market using unconditional and conditional models of performance evaluation. Besides applying both partial and full conditional models, we use European information variables, instead of the most common local ones, and consider stochastically detrended conditional variables in order to try to avoid spurious regressions. The impact of survivorship bias is also analysed. The results suggest that mutual fund managers are not able to “beat” the market, presenting negative or neutral performance. In addition, we can observe a distance effect, since managers who invest locally seem to outperform those who invest in the European market. Our evidence shows that the use of conditional models led to slight improvements in both mutual fund performance estimates and the explanatory power of the models. Besides that, there is evidence of time-varying betas (but not alphas) related to the information variables. However, the significance of these variables seems to be a consequence of spurious regressions. Furthermore, the results suggest that survivorship bias has a small impact on performance estimates.
SpiralNet++: A Fast and Highly Efficient Mesh Convolution Operator

Intrinsic graph convolution operators with differentiable kernel functions play a crucial role in analyzing 3D shape meshes. In this paper, we present a fast and efficient intrinsic mesh convolution operator that does not rely on the intricate design of kernel function. We explicitly formulate the order of aggregating neighboring vertices, instead of learning weights between nodes, and then a fully connected layer follows to fuse local geometric structure information with vertex features. We provide extensive evidence showing that models based on this convolution operator are easier to train, and can efficiently learn invariant shape features. Specifically, we evaluate our method on three different types of tasks of dense shape correspondence, 3D facial expression classification, and 3D shape reconstruction, and show that it significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches while being significantly faster, without relying on shape descriptors.
A Class of Tractable Incomplete-Market Models to Study Asset Returns and Risk Exposure ú

We present a class of tractable incomplete-market models, where agents face both aggregate risk and limited participation in financial markets. Tractability relies on the assumption of small asset volumes and of a periodic utility function which is linear beyond a threshold, following a contribution of Fishburn (1977) in decision theory. We prove equilibrium existence and derive theoretical results about asset prices and consumption choices. Despite its parsimony, this small-trade model is able to reproduce a low safe return and a high equity premium, together with a realistic exposure of households to both idiosyncratic and aggregate risks.
THE CREDIBILITY MODEL FOR EXPONENTIAL PRINCIPLE WITH DEPENDENCE OVER RISKS AND ERRORS

In this paper, we investigate the Bühlmann and BühlmannStraub credibility models with a certain dependence structure over risks and over errors under exponential principle. By means of orthogonal projection, the inhomogeneous Bühlmann credibility estimator of individual exponential premium is derived. The model is also extended to Bühlmann-Straub credibility. Our models generalize some well known existing results in credibility theory.
Meta-Learning for Data and Processing Efficiency

Deep learning models have shown great success in a variety of machine learning benchmarks; however, these models still lack the efficiency and flexibility of humans. Current deep learning methods involve training on a large amount of data to produce a model that can then specialize to the specific task encoded by the training data. Humans, on the other hand, are able to learn new concepts throughout our lives with comparatively little feedback. In order to bridge this gap, previous work has suggested the use of meta-learning. Rather than learning how to do a specific task, meta-learning involves learning how-to-learn and utilizing this knowledge to learn new tasks more effectively. This thesis focuses on using meta-learning to improve the data and processing efficiency of deep learning models when learning new tasks. First, we discuss a meta-learning model for the few-shot learning problem, where the aim is to learn a new classification task having unseen classes with few labeled examples. We use a LSTM-based meta-learner model to learn both the initialization and the optimization algorithm used to train another neural network and show that our method compares favorably to nearest-neighbor approaches. The second part of the thesis deals with improving the predictive uncertainty of models in the few-shot learning setting. Using a Bayesian perspective, we propose a meta-learning method which efficiently amortizes hierarchical variational inference across tasks, learning a prior distribution over neural network weights so that a few steps of gradient descent will produce a good task-specific approximate posterior. Finally, we focus on applying meta-learning in the context of making choices that impact processing efficacy. When training a network on multiple tasks, we have a choice between interactive parallelism (training on different tasks one after another) and independent parallelism (using the network to process multiple tasks concurrently). For the simulation environment considered, we show that there is a trade-off between these two types of processing choices in deep neural networks. We then discuss a meta-learning algorithm for an iii agent to learn how to train itself with regard to this trade-off in an environment with unknown serialization cost.
Estimation of jump discontinuities in regression: a generalized reflection approach

We propose a new class of estimators for the size of a jump discontinuity on a nonparametric regression. While there is a vast literature in Econometrics that addresses this issue (see, inter alia, Hahn et al. (2001), Porter (2003), Imbens and Lemieux (2008)), the main approach in these studies is to use local polynomial (mostly local linear) approximations for the regression on both sides of the discontinuity. In this paper, we adopt a novel approach. The basic idea of our estimator is to extend the regressions on both sides of the discontinuity using the extension of Hestenes (1941). These two extended regressions are then estimated and used to estimate the jump at the discontinuity. The inspiration for our method comes from recent work by Mynbaev and Martins-Filho (2019), where a simple and elegant solution to boundary problems in density estimation is obtained using the same extension principle. Our work provides a class of jump estimators that are easy to construct using classical kernels and bandwidths that are constant over the entire domain of the regression. Focusing on the properties of our estimators at boundary points, we provide their bias, variance and asymptotic distributions and compare them with those of local linear (LL) estimators. We conduct extensive Monte Carlo simulations to contrast the finite sample performance of our estimators with that of the NW and LL estimators and, more importantly, to investigate the sources of bias at the cutoff point. Finally, we apply our estimators to data provided by Litschig and Morrison (2013) to illustrate their empirical applicability and demonstrate some advantages of using our nonparametric estimation over standard procedures in regression discontinuity designs.
The Effect of Compost Use with Effective Micro-Organisms (EM) On Grain and Biomass Yield of Wheat Cultivated In Tigray, Ethiopia

Effective Micro-Organisms (EM) has been introduced to Ethiopia for use in several activities, for example, to increase the organic compost quality. However, there are no studies about effects of compost with EM use in Tigray cultivated with wheat. This paper is aimed to evaluate the effect of compost with EM use on productivity of biomass and grain of wheat cultivated on two places of Tigray region (Maimegelta’s kebele Farmers Training Center (FTC) and Illala research site). A field experiment designed in randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications was conducted to examine the study. The treatments included: (1) control, (2) recommended chemical fertilizer (100 kg ha of urea and 100 kg ha of DAP) (3) Compost with EM (5 t ha) and compost without EM (5 t ha). The variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference among treatments studied at 5% significant level. Although there were no significant differences between treatments studied, the highest increment in wheat grains yield was obtained for treatments with the use of compost with EM. Therefore, in conditions that this study was performed, compost with EM could be used in agricultural soils of these two areas in order to wheat production and to reduce costs with chemical fertilizer use.
MOGA-II PERFORMANCE ON NOISY OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Since the mid-fifties evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been used in different optimization problems. In the last years their use was extended to the demanding field of multi-objective optimization. For this expansion, EAs themselves had to evolve to more complex forms. The question is whether an algorithm that is adapted to work well with multiple-objectives is still capable to handle single-objective optimization problems. In this paper we present a new EA for multi-objective optimization called MOGA-II. We test it on noisy single-objective problems and compare its performance with two algorithms for single-objective optimization. The results show that MOGA-II is a robust algorithm that can efficiently solve a palette of different optimization problems.
Influence of physiological changes in endogenous estrogen on circulating PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol

Pharmacologically increased estrogen levels have been shown to lower hepatic and plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels in animals and humans. We hypothesized that physiological changes in estrogen levels influence circulating PCSK9, thereby contributing to the known wide inter-individual variation in its plasma levels, as well as to the established increase in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) with normal aging. Circulating PCSK9, estradiol, and other metabolic factors were determined in fasting samples from 206 female and 189 male healthy volunteers (age 20–85 years), The mean levels of PCSK9 were 10% higher in females than in males (P < 0.05). PCSK9 levels were 22% higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal (P < 0.001) females. Within the group of premenopausal females, circulating PCSK9 correlated inversely to estrogen levels, and PCSK9 was higher (305 ng/ml) in the follicular phase than in the ovulatory (234 ng/ml) or the luteal (252 ng/ml) phases (P < 0.05). Changes in endogenous estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle likely contribute to the broad inter-individual variation in PCSK9 and LDL-C in normal females. PCSK9 levels increase in females after menopause but not in men during this phase in life. This likely contributes to why LDL-C in women increases in this period.