Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the effects of non-conscious regulatory processes in physical activity

ABSTRACT Physical activity theories have almost exclusively focused on conscious regulatory processes such as plans, beliefs, and expected value. The aim of this review was to aggregate the burgeoning evidence showing that physical activity is also partially determined by non-conscious processes (e.g., habits, automatic associations, priming effects). A systematic search was conducted and study characteristics, design, measures, effect size of the principle summary measures, and main conclusions of 52 studies were extracted by two independent coders. The findings support that habitual regulatory processes measured via self-report are directly associated with physical activity beyond conscious processes, and that there is likely interdependency between habit strength and intentions. Response latency measures of automatic associations with physical activity were widely disparate, precluding conclusions about specific effects. A small body of evidence demonstrated a variety of priming effects on physical activity. Overall, it is evident that physical activity is partially regulated by non-conscious processes, but there remain many unanswered questions for this area of research. Future research should refine the conceptualisation and measurement of non-conscious regulatory processes and determine how to harness them to promote physical activity.
Microenvironment revisited: Time for reappraisal of some prevailing concepts of cancer metastasis

The development and biological characteristics of tumor metastasis are influenced by multiple cell and host‐associated factors. To study these factors experimentally, the necessity of choosing adequate in vivo model systems for human tu mor metastasisis emphasized. Recent research has provided results that highlight the role of the microenvironment in determining important characteristics of the metastatic cells, including their degree of differentitation and sensitivity to drugs. Furthermore, evidence is presented as background for discussing the general validity of the notion of clonal selection of metastatic, and whether the metastatic phenotype is acquired through the last of a series of mutational events occurring during tumor progression.
Anémomètre à effet Peltier et fluxmètre thermique : conception et réalisation, application à l'étude de la convection naturelle

Ce travail est relatif a la conception et a la realisation d'instruments de mesure utilisables pour la caracterisation des echanges thermiques dans le domaine de la convection naturelle. Nous avons exploite la technique des thermocouples plaques dans le developpement d'un anemometre et d'un fluxmetre thermique. La partie la plus importante du travail est relative a la realisation d'un anemometre adapte aux mesures de tres faibles vitesses de fluide, que nous appelons "Anemometre a Effet Peltier". Il sera presente son principe de fonctionnement, l'electronique de commande et mesure, ainsi que la caracterisation de ses performances. Un nouveau fluxmetre thermique "a gradient tangentiel" sera presente, ainsi que les resultats d'un simulation nmerique pour vue d'optimiser ses parametres adimensionnels. Il s'agit d'un nouveau type de fluxmetre, de faible epaisseur et grande sensibilite. Les capteurs ont ete mis en oeuvre dans une etude experimentale de la convection naturelle generee par une plaque plane verticale et isotherme. Les resultats experimentaux obtenus sont bien correles avec ceux presentes par differents auteurs, montrent la bonne performance des capteurs developpes
Moves in Mind: The Psychology of Board Games

Moves in Mind: The Psychology of Board Games (MIM) is an impressive work that should be a part of the library of anyone interested in the academic study of games. Although it does not provide any discussion of the presently fashionable and highly popular video games such as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 and World of Warcraft, it provides an exposition of the psychological research associated with board games, many of which are played by millions of individuals worldwide. MIM provides that exposition in a manner that deserves emulation by anyone attempting to write a book of the psychology of any other class of games such as video games. There are numerous strengths to this book. First of all, the authors know what they are discussing. Fernand Gobet is an excellent chess player and a premier scholar of chess cognition. Alex de Voogt is an experienced psychologist and a scholar of the African game of bao. Bao is a mancala game played with seed-like pieces placed in holes in a game board and is popular in locations such as Zanzibar. The third author, Jean Retschitzki, is a veteran psychologist and a researcher of awele, another African board game. Awele is also a mancala game in which a player tries to obtain the pieces of the opponent according to a set of prescribed game rules. The three authors know the terrain of board games well. In addition to the competency and expertise of the authors, MIM has an excellent design and a comprehensive scope. The chapters deal with many of the topics that would be of concern to scholars of games. Chapter 1 provides a justification of the study of board games in the scientific discipline of psychology. For example, chess allows for the study of a wide array of Moves in Mind: The Psychology of Board Games
Tumor-Protective and Tumor-Promoting Actions of Dietary Whey Proteins in an N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Model of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis

Abstract: The mammary tumor-protective effects of dietary factors are considered to be mediated by multiple signaling pathways, consistent with the heterogeneous nature of the disease and the distinct genetic profiles of tumors arising from diverse mammary cell populations. In a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced model of carcinogenesis, we showed previously that female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to AIN-93G diet containing whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) beginning at gestation Day 4 had reduced tumor incidence than those exposed to diet containing casein (CAS), due partly to increased mammary differentiation and reduced activity of phase I metabolic enzymes. Here, we evaluated the tumor-protective effects of these same dietary proteins to the direct-acting carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU). We found that lifetime exposure to WPH, relative to CAS, decreased mammary tumor incidence and prolonged the appearance of tumors in NMU-treated female rats, with no corresponding effects on tumor multiplicity. At 115 days post-NMU, histologically normal mammary glands from WPH-fed tumor-bearing rats had increased gene expression for the tumor suppressor BRCA1 and the differentiation marker κ-casein than those of CAS-fed tumor-bearing rats. Tumor-bearing rats from the WPH group had more advanced tumors, with a greater incidence of invasive ductal carcinoma than ductal carcinoma in situ and higher serum Cpeptide levels than corresponding rats fed CAS. WPH-fed tumor-bearing rats were also heavier after NMU administration than CAS tumor-bearing rats, although no correlation was noted between body weight and C-peptide levels for either diet group. Results demonstrate the context-dependent tumor-protective and tumor-promoting effects of WPH; provide support for distinct signaling pathways underlying dietary effects on development of mammary carcinoma; and raise provocative questions on the role of diet in altering the prognosis of existing breast tumors.
The Effect of a Novel Tactical Training Program on Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance in Firefighters

Abstract Pawlak, R, Clasey, JL, Palmer, T, Symons, TB, and Abel, MG. The effect of a novel tactical training program on physical fitness and occupational performance in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 29(3): 578–588, 2015—Structural firefighting is a dangerous and physically demanding profession. Thus, it is critical that firefighters exercise regularly to maintain optimal physical fitness levels. However, little is known about optimal training methods for firefighters, and exercise equipment is often not available to on-duty firefighters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a novel supervised on-duty physical training program on the physical fitness and occupational performance of structural firefighters. Twenty professional male firefighters were divided into a supervised exercise group (SEG; n = 11) and a control group (CG; n = 9). The SEG participated in a 12-week circuit training intervention. The SEG exercised for 1 hour on 2 d·wk−1. At baseline and after the intervention, subjects performed a battery of physical fitness tests and a simulated fire ground test (SFGT). At baseline, there were no significant differences (p = 0.822) in the completion rate of the SFGT in the SEG (82%) vs. the CG (78%). After the intervention, a significantly greater proportion of the firefighters in the SEG completed the SFGT compared with the CG (SEG = 100% vs. CG = 56%; p < 0.013). In addition, the SEG demonstrated significant improvements in body mass, fat mass, and body mass index (p ⩽ 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that training with firefighter equipment improved occupational performance and anthropometric outcomes in incumbent firefighters. Furthermore, implementing a supervised exercise program using firefighter equipment can be done so in a safe and feasible manner.
Variance Decomposition of Tempo Drift in Isochronous Rhythmic Tapping

The statistical techniques developed herein show strong promise as a nonparametric extension of the classical Wing-Kristofferson decomposition of variance in isochronous tapping to include tempo drift. It is now important to establish the relative role of the three sources of variance in discriminating among unselected individuals as well as selected populations differentiated by such factors as age, gender, and motor control impairment. We are currently making the estimation techniques available through the web, so that they can be applied to extant and new data. We can be contacted by e-mail for further information.
Reduced metabolism in the hypothalamus of the anorectic anx/anx mouse.

The anorectic anx/anx mouse exhibits a mitochondrial complex I dysfunction that is related to aberrant expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and transmitters regulating food intake. Hypothalamic activity, i.e. neuronal firing and transmitter release, is dependent on glucose utilization and energy metabolism. To better understand the role of hypothalamic activity in anorexia, we assessed carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate metabolism, in vivo and in vitro, in the anx/anx hypothalamus. In the fasted state, hypothalamic glucose uptake in the anx/anx mouse was reduced by ~50% of that seen in wild-type (wt) mice (P < 0.05). Under basal conditions, anx/anx hypothalamus ATP and glucose 6-P contents were similar to those in wt hypothalamus, whereas phosphocreatine was elevated (~2-fold; P < 0.001) and lactate was reduced (~35%; P < 0.001). The anx/anx hypothalamus had elevated total AMPK (~25%; P < 0.05) and GLUT4 (~60%; P < 0.01) protein contents, whereas GLUT1 and GLUT3 were similar to that of wt hypothalamus. Interestingly, the activation state of AMPK (ratio of phosphorylated AMPK/total AMPK) was significantly decreased in hypothalamus of the anx/anx mouse (~60% of that in wt; P < 0.05). Finally, during metabolic stress (ischemia), accumulation of lactate (measure of glycolysis) and IMP and AMP (breakdown products of ATP) were ~50% lower in anx/anx vs wt hypothalamus. These data demonstrate that carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate utilization in the anx/anx hypothalamus are diminished under basal and stress conditions. The decrease in hypothalamic metabolism may contribute to the anorectic behavior of the anx/anx mouse, i.e. its inability to regulate food intake in accordance with energy status.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Foodborne Infections in Humans Due to Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Usage in Dairy Cows.

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) is a production-enhancing technology that allows the dairy industry to produce milk more efficiently. Concern has been raised that cows supplemented with rbST are at an increased risk of developing clinical mastitis, which would potentially increase the use of antimicrobial agents and increase human illnesses associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens delivered through the dairy beef supply. The purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative risk assessment to estimate the potential increased risk of human infection with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and subsequent adverse health outcomes as a result of rbST usage in dairy cattle. The quantitative risk assessment included the following steps: (i) release of antimicrobial-resistant organisms from the farm, (ii) exposure of humans via consumption of contaminated beef products, and (iii) consequence of the antimicrobial-resistant infection. The model focused on ceftiofur (parenteral and intramammary) and oxytetracycline (parenteral) treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and tracked the bacteria Campylobacter spp. , Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and Escherichia coli in the gastrointestinal tract of the cow. Parameter estimates were developed to be maximum risk to overestimate the risk to humans. The excess number of cows in the U.S. dairy herd that were predicted to carry resistant bacteria at slaughter due to rbST administration was negligible. The total number of excess human illnesses caused by resistant bacteria due to rbST administration was also predicted to be negligible with all risks considerably less than one event per 1 billion people at risk per year for all bacteria. The results indicate a high probability that the use of rbST according to label instructions presents a negligible risk for increasing the number of human illnesses and subsequent adverse outcomes associated with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter, Salmonella, or E. coli .
DNA Relatedness, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Globicatella sanguinis Strains

ABSTRACT DNA-DNA reassociation was performed on 15 strains ofGlobicatella sanguinis to compare their taxonomic status with phenotypic characterization. All 15 strains selected for DNA-DNA reassociation readily met the criteria for species relatedness. The relative binding ratio was 81% or greater at the optimal temperature and 76% or greater at the stringent temperature, and the divergence was less than 3% for all strains hybridized with the type strain. These strains included nine strains from the Centers for Disease Control Streptococcus Laboratory culture collection that were previously included in comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies as well as six additional phenotypically variant isolates. DNA-DNA relatedness was less than 18% at the optimal reassociation temperature to Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus avium, andStreptococcus uberis, which are phenotypically similar toG. sanguinis. This study confirms theseGlobicatella strains were previously misidentified asS. uberis or S. uberis-like strains based on biochemical characteristics. The biochemical data from 28 strains was compiled to further define the phenotypic criteria for identification of this species. A revised description of the species should be variable reaction for pyrrolidonylarylamidase production (75% positive), positive reaction for the bile esculin test (100%), growth at 45°C (96%), variable reaction for acid production from arabinose (45% positive), and negative starch hydrolysis (0% positive). We also evaluated four rapid identification systems, the Biomerieux rapid ID32 STREP (ID32), the Crystal rapid gram-positive identification (Cry4), the BBL Crystal gram-positive identification (Cry24), and the Remel IDS RapID STR (IDS) systems for their ability to identify these strains.
Study of Serum and Salivary Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines , Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral cancer is one of the prevalent cancers of the body and is one of the 10 most common causes of death. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90% of these tumors. The aim of this study was designed to detect biochemical markers in serum and saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and to evaluate their validity in monitoring and diagnosis. The level of certain proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and saliva of (30) patients with OSCC and (20) healthy individuals as control group was measured Levels of proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin 1 (IL-1 ), Interleukin (IL-6), Interleukin (IL-8) and Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum IL-6 and IL-8 level was detected at higher concentrations in patients with OSCC than the control group (P<0.001). No significant differences in serum IL-1 alpha and GM-CSF of patients with OSCC as compared with control group.The levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF in saliva showed significant increase in patients with OSCC when compared with control group. Salivary IL-1 alpha and GM-CSF was useful in the diagnosis of OSCC patients. Serum IL-6 was useful in the diagnosis of OSCC patients than salivary IL-6. Serum and salivary IL-8 were very useful in the diagnosis of OSCC patients and separating between OSCC patients and control group. From the results of the presents study, it can be concluded that cytokines are important in proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses and are detectable in serum and saliva of patients with OSCC. These cytokines increase the pathogenicity of OSCC and prove useful as biomarkers for diagnosis.
Why are cohabiting relationships more violent than marriages?

In response to increases in cohabitation in the United States, researchers have recently focused on differences between cohabiting and marital unions. One consistent finding is a higher rate of domestic violence among cohabiting couples as compared with married couples. A prominent explanation for this finding is that cohabitation is governed by a different set of institutionalized controls than marriage. This article explores an alternative explanation, namely, that differences in selection out of cohabitation and marriage, including selection of the least-violent cohabiting couples into marriage and the most-violent married couples into divorce, lead to higher observed rates of violence among cohabiting couples in cross-sectional samples. Our results suggest that researchers should be cautious when making comparisons between married and cohabiting couples in which the dependent variable of interest is related to selection into and out of relationship status.
Production of volatile metabolites by grape-associated microorganisms.

Plant-associated microorganisms fulfill important functions for their hosts. Whereas promotion of plant growth and health is well-studied, little is known about the impact of microorganisms on plant or fruit flavor. To analyze the production of volatiles of grape-associated microorganisms, samples of grapes of the red cultivar 'Blaufraenkisch' were taken during harvest time from four different vineyards in Burgenland (Austria). The production of volatiles was analyzed for the total culturable microbial communities (bacteria, yeasts, fungi) found on and in the grapes as well as for single isolates. The microbial communities produced clearly distinct aroma profiles for each vineyard and phylogenetic group. Furthermore, half of the grape-associated microorganisms produced a broad spectrum of volatile organic compounds. Exemplary, the spectrum was analyzed more in detail for three single isolates of Paenibacillus sp. , Sporobolomyces roseus , and Aureobasidium pullulans . Well-known and typical flavor components of red wine were detected as being produced by microbes, for example, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and ethyl octanoate.
Physical cosmology with complete samples of massive clusters of galaxies

El objetivo central de esta tesis ha sido usar grandes conjuntos de cumulos de galaxias, lasestructuras gravitacionalmente ligadas mas masivas del Universo, para realizar medidas de distintosfenomenos que tienen su origen en los intensos campos gravitatorios de dichos cumulos, como elcorrimiento al rojo gravitatorio, o la amplificacion generada por el efecto de lente gravitatoria,ambos predichos por la teoria de la Relatividad General de Einstein. Estos conjuntos de cumulos hansido obtenido a partir de datos del Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), el mas grande y ambiciosoprograma de cartografiado del Universo realizado hasta ahora, y que ha obtenido la posicion, basadaen informacion espectroscopica, de mas de 3 millones de galaxias. Asimismo, hemos realizado lasmedidas mas precisas hasta la fecha de la distribucion y la abundancia de dichos cumulos, y quehemos comparado con los resultados provenientes de la simulacion cosmologica ? MXXL? , una delas mayores realizadas a dia de hoy. Gracias a esta comparacion hemos sido capaces de calibrar larelacion existente entre la masa de un cumulo y su ? riqueza? , que es proporcional al numero degalaxias contenidas en este. Finalmente, usando datos del satelite espacial Planck, hemos construidoy ajustado los perfiles de presion del gas intracumular a traves del efecto Sunyaev-Zel? dovich, yobtenido una relacion entre la masa de los cumulos y la intensidad de dicho efecto.
Pathological τ proteins in postencephalitic parkinsonism: Comparison with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses of hyperphosphorylated τ proteins, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles, were performed in different brain regions from patients presenting with postencephalitic parkinsonism. Neurofibrillary tangles were found in hippocampus, neocortical areas (mostly in supragranular layers), and several subcortical structures. By immunobloting, a τ protein triplet similar to the one seen in Alzheimer's disease was observed. This biochemical approach allows for the definition of postencephalitic parkinsonism from certain neurodegenerative disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration.