Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in individuals entering maximum-security prisons

SUMMARY To assess the prevalence and risk factors for colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in inmates entering two maximum-security prisons in New York State, USA, inmates (N = 830) were interviewed and anterior nares and oropharyngeal samples collected. Isolates were characterized using spa typing. Overall, 50·5% of women and 58·3% of men were colonized with S. aureus and 10·6% of women and 5·9% of men were colonized with MRSA at either or both body sites. Of MSSA isolates, the major subtypes were spa type 008 and 002. Overall, risk factors for S. aureus colonization varied by gender and were only found in women and included younger age, fair/poor self-reported general health, and longer length of prior incarceration. Prevalence of MRSA colonization was 8·2%, nearly 10 times greater than in the general population. Control of epidemic S. aureus in prisons should consider the constant introduction of strains by new inmates.
Diethylstilbestrol Induces Rat Spermatogenic Cell Apoptosis in Vivo through Increased Expression of Spermatogenic Cell Fas/FasL System*

The significant role that estrogens play in spermatogenesis has opened up an exciting area of research in male reproductive biology. The realization that estrogens are essential for proper maintenance of spermatogenesis, as well as growing evidence pointing to the deleterious effects of estrogen-like chemicals on male reproductive health, has made it imperative to dissect the role estrogens play in the male. Using a model estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), to induce spermatogenic cell apoptosis in vivo in the male rat, we provide a new insight into an estrogen-dependent regulation of the Fas-FasL system specifically in spermatogenic cells. We show a distinct increase in Fas-FasL expression in spermatogenic cells upon exposure to diethylstilbestrol. This increase is confined to the spermatid population, which correlates with increased apoptosis seen in the haploid cells. Testosterone supplementation is able to prevent DES-induced Fas-FasL up-regulation and apoptosis in the spermatogenic cells. DES-induced germ cell apoptosis does not occur in Fas-deficient lpr mice. One other important finding is that spermatogenic cells are type II cells, as the increase in Fas-FasL expression in the spermatogenic cells is followed by the cleavage of caspase-8 to its active form, following which Bax translocates to the mitochondria and precipitates the release of cytochrome cthat is accompanied by a drop in mitochondrial potential. Subsequent to this, activation of caspase-9 occurs that in turn activates caspase-3 leading to the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, the data indicate that estrogen-like chemicals can precipitate apoptotic death in spermatogenic cells by increasing the expression of spermatogenic cell Fas-FasL, thus initiating apoptosis in the same lineage of cells through the activation of the apoptotic pathway chosen by type II cells.
Autologous Blood Transfusions in Children and Young Adults with Low Body Weight Undergoing Spinal Surgery

The perioperative course of 118 patients weighing <45.5 kg (100.1 pounds) who participated in a predeposited autologous blood program from 1979–1984 is reviewed. Average age was 13 years 11 months (range 6 years 4 months to 20 years 4 months) and the average weight, 41 kg (range 30–45.4 kg). All underwent spinal surgery, 96% for scoliosis. The program involved preoperative donation of blood that was stored and subsequently retransfused to replace operative blood losses. Patients donated an average of 811 ml (range 208–1,320 ml) blood. Operation and hospitalization were completed by 63% without receiving any homologous blood, and the need for donor blood was reduced in the remaining 37%. Preoperative blood donation and retransfusion led to no significant complications. We describe an autologous blood transfusion program and show that autotransfusion is a safe and preferred method of blood replacement for children and young adults with low body weight undergoing elective surgery.
Les vignes sauvages comme sources de gènes pour l'amélioration

Le genre Vitis existe et croit spontanement dans tout l'hemisphere nord, du Japon a la Californie, vern l'ouest, avec seulement quelques lacunes sur les continents et entre les latitudes de 10 a 55° . La diversite des milieux compris dans ce vaste domaine implique une variation genetique importante dans le genre Vitis . Ceci est renforce par l'incidence variable des parasites suivant les regions et le developpement correlatif des resistances. Le fait que, sauf pour les Muscadiniees, il semble n'exister aucune barriere genetique entre les «especes» de Vitis devrait rendre facile l'utilisation de cette variation pour l'amelioration. On donnera des exemples de caracteres qui peuvent etre recherches chez les vignes sauvages, en essayant de sortir du cadre classique des resistances aux maladies. Une section finale sera consacree a l'importance des V. vinifera sauvages en Europe pour la theorie de l'origine des varietes de vigne et pour l'amelioration. Wild growing vines as gene resources in breeding The genus " Vitis " is found growing spontaneously throughout the whole northern hemisphere from Japan to California, westwards, with but a few terrestrial gaps, approximately between the latitudes 10 0 and 55 0 . The variety of environments that this huge domain encompasses implies a correspondingly important genetical variation within the genus. This is only increased by the variable prevalence of parasites according to the regions, and the correlative evolution of resistances. The fact that, with the exception of Muscadinae, there seem to exist no genetic barriers between the "species" of Vitis should make it very easy to use this variation in breeding. Examples will be given of traits that may be sought for in wild growing vines, with an attempt to look beyond the now classical search for disease resistance. In a final section, interest will be focussed to the importance of wild-growing Vitis vinifera in Europe for the theory of the origin of varieties of grapes and for breeding.
In search of the link between organizational culture and performance

Purpose The organizational culture–performance link is fundamental to organization development and building a high-performance culture is a responsibility of leaders. The claim of a culture–performance link is most visible in the 1980s (e.g. In Search of Excellence) but is replaced by skepticism by the 1990s. Using conclusion validity as the framework, the purpose of this paper is to synthesize cross-disciplinary literature in organization studies and the emerging sub-field of organizational economics to lay a foundation to establish the link rigorously. Design/methodology/approach The drivers of conclusion validity – internal validity, external validity and construct validity – guided the literature search and review. The author began with the concepts of organizational culture and performance, examined the organizational economic literature for the causal culture–performance link (internal validity), reviewed the organization studies literature on the debates in the measurement of organizational culture (external and construct validity) and examined the debate if organizational culture can be managed (internal validity). Findings Organizational economics (which conceptualizes organizational culture as shared beliefs) shows that cultures that are more homogeneous, encourage teamwork and have a clear mission, enhance organizational performance. In measuring culture, survey instruments using the process-oriented approach can rely on these results to strengthen their construct validity. In the search for the organizational culture–performance link, non-cultural factors affecting performance have to be included as control variables. Practical implications The weaknesses of early research on the organizational culture–performance link become clear when examined with the conclusion validity framework. This clearness shows the way toward a rigorous empirical analysis. Originality/value This review provides guidance for researchers to evaluate published studies on the organizational culture–performance link. It also helps researchers to design new studies with stronger conclusion validity.
Factors Influencing Facebook Users' Political Participation: Investigating the Cambodian Case

As social networking sites (SNS) have been actively used as a platform for the political participation, this study investigates factors influencing SNS users’ political participation intention and behavior in developing countries. More specifically, based on the integrated model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Civic Voluntarism Model (CVM), we develop a research model on how technological factors (e.g., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) as well as social factors (e.g., political interests and experience) influence Facebook users’ political participation intention, which lead to actual political participation behavior, focusing on the Cambodian context. Our research model will be empirically tested with survey samples gathered from Cambodian Facebook users and their actual political behaviors, measured by counting actual comments of each survey respondent one month after the survey. While prior studies have only focused on either technological or social influencing factors on online political participation, this paper is among the first attempts to investigate them from integrative and comparative perspectives. By highlighting the relative impacts of each factor in the context of developing countries, where direct and public challenging or criticizing on the government is still a fear for most citizens, this paper would provide an important lesson for other developing countries with a similar political environment.
Quality of life in patients with cancer.

Eating problems and weight loss can significantly affect the lives of people with cancer. As many as one in four people diagnosed with cancer have loss of appetite (Cancer Research UK, 2008). More than 50% of patients with cancer present with weight loss at diagnosis (Dewys et al, 1980) and the global incidence of malnutrition during the course of cancer is 30–90% depending on the type, location and stage of the disease and its treatment (Nitenberg and Raynard, 2000).
Bioactive glass versus autologous platelet-rich fibrin for treating periodontal intrabony defects: A comparative clinical study

Background: To compare treatment modalities: Open flap debridement (OFD) alone (Group I), OFD in combination with PerioGlas® (Group II), and OFD in combination with autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) (Group III) for periodontal intrabony defects (IBDs). Aim: To evaluate on clinical and radiographic basis, effectiveness of PerioGlas®, and PRF in treating IBDs. Settings and Design: IBDs selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to Groups I, II, and III by coin toss method. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on patients reporting to the department of periodontology and oral implantology. Thirty-eight patients with ninety periodontal IBDs of moderate to severe periodontitis were selected and assigned to Groups I, II, and III. In each patient, a minimum number of two sextants were present with pocket depths ≥5 mm in at least three teeth. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis based on mean values, standard deviation, and P values. Results: Compared to baseline, 9 months postoperatively: (1) mean probing pocket depth reduction for Group I was 3.68 mm ± 0.72, for Group II was 5.57 mm ± 1.10, and for Group III was 6.11 mm ± 0.92. (2) The mean relative attachment level gain for Group I was 4.14 mm ± 0.76, for Group II was 6.57 mm ± 1.45, and for Group III was 6.74 mm ± 1.55. (3) Mean radiographic IBD fill for Group I was 69.29% mm ± 7.73, for Group II was 74.44% mm ± 8.57, and for Group III was 75.01% mm ± 7.85. Conclusion: This study shows marked improvements in the clinical parameters and radiographic outcomes with both PerioGlas® and autologous PRF to treat periodontal IBDs as compared to OFD alone.
$Q$ Bounds for Planar and Ellipsoidal Antennas

The procedure for numerically deriving equivalent circuits for the six lowest-order modes of arbitrarily shaped, electrically small antennas is reviewed. Element values and the effective radius are tabulated for thin prisms, spheroids, and ellipsoids with a wide range of aspect ratios. A self-consistency test for the elements is defined and applied. These circuits allow calculation of the internal and external electric and magnetic reactive energies and thus establish lower bounds for Q of antennas with these shapes as a function of their electrical radius, ka. Electromagnetic simulations on a family of meander dipoles and a planar loop provide Q values that are compared with the bounds over a range of ka up to one.
Stereo-Motion with Stereo and Motion in Complement

This paper presents a new approach of combining stereo vision and dynamic vision with the objective of retaining their advantages and removing their disadvantages. It is shown that, by assuming affine cameras, the stereo correspondences and motion correspondences, if organized in a particular way in a matrix, can be decomposed into: the 3D structure of the scene, the camera parameters, the motion parameters, and the stereo geometry. With this, the approach can infer stereo correspondences from motion correspondences, requiring only a time linear with respect to the size of the available image data. The approach offers the advantages of simpler correspondence, as in dynamic vision, and accurate reconstruction, as in stereo vision, even with short image sequences.
O itinerário terapêutico de pessoas em terapia renal substitutiva com doença de base hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus

O estudo teve como objeto o Itinerario Terapeutico de Pessoas em Terapia Renal Substitutiva com Doenca de Base Hipertensao Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus. Para alcancar o estudo desse objeto os seguintes objetivos foram definidos: Conhecer as percepcoes de pessoas hipertensas e/ou diabeticas que se encontram em Terapia Renal Substitutiva em relacao ao seu proprio processo saude-adoecimento, e as escolhas de tratamento propostas; identificar o fluxo assistencial as pessoas atendidas em um Centro de Terapia Renal Substitutiva nos tres niveis de atencao; analisar o itinerario terapeutico de pessoas hipertensas e/ou diabeticas, portadoras de doenca renal cronica, enquanto assistidas pela Terapia Renal de Substituicao (TRS) em um servico de nefrologia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, O cenario do estudo foi um servico de nefrologia localizado em uma cidade do interior da Zona da Mata Mineira, uma entidade que atende a este municipio e microrregiao. Os participantes do estudo foram 20 pessoas em terapia renal substitutiva com doenca de base hipertensao e/ou diabetes mellitus, sendo entrevistadas em seu horario de dialise. O periodo de realizacao das entrevistas foi de outubro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. A coleta de dados foi feita utilizando-se de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e para analise dos dados elegeu-se a tecnica de analise de conteudo tematico. A partir das narrativas construiram-se as seguintes categorias de discussao: 1) “A Descoberta Do Adoecimento”; 2)”Tecendo Saberes Sobre o Adoecimento” 3)“ O Sentido do Tratamento Renal Substitutivo” e 4)“Caminhos Percorridos em Busca de Tratamento: uma trajetoria de (des) cuidado”. Os itinerarios apresentados neste estudo descrevem trajetorias e escolhas individuais e singulares, mas que possuem uma forte convergencia que expoem de forma clara as fragilidades dos servicos de saude e profissionais que compoe a rede de assistencia a saude. Possibilitou a compreensao de itinerarios que sofrem influencias dos contextos de vida de cada pessoa, algo que normalmente vem escapando aos servicos e profissionais de saude. Evidencia a necessidade de fortalecer a atencao basica como a porta de entrada desses sujeitos no sentido de reduzir as vulnerabilidades para a Doenca Renal Cronica.
Combination treatment with famciclovir and a topical corticosteroid gel versus famciclovir alone for experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpes simplex labialis: a pilot study.

To investigate the efficacy of corticosteroids for the treatment of herpes labialis, we compared famciclovir (Famvir, 500 mg 3x/day po [per os] for 5 days) and topical fluocinonide (0.05% Lidex Gel 3x/day for 5 days) with famciclovir and topical vehicle control for experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpetic recurrences. We irradiated 49 volunteers, and 29 (60%) of 48 developed signs or symptoms of a recurrence. They self-initiated treatment, and we were able to evaluate them. There was a trend in the combination group toward more aborted lesions, compared with those who received antiviral therapy alone (7 [41%] of 17 vs. 1 [8%] of 12; P=.09). Combination therapy significantly reduced the median maximum lesion size (48 vs. 162 mm(2); P=. 02) and the number of patients who experienced lesion pain (10 [59%] of 17 vs. 12 [100%] of 12; P=.02). Adverse events were minimal. Corticosteroids in combination with an antiviral agent may be safe and beneficial for episodic treatment of herpes labialis. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A Polarimetric Approach to Shape Understanding of Glossy Objects

A polarimetric method is proposed to find surface normals, which will help the 3-D shape understanding of glossy objects. Attention is directed to the fact that glossy objects are characterized by conspicuous specular reflection, which has a certain polarizational property as a function of the incident angle and the refractive index of the material. The relation is formulated between the local normal and the polarizational parameters. The Stokes parameters are used to express the state of polarization. As to several materials preliminary measurements are done to examine for utility of polarizational information to finding local normals. The proposed method will be effective in extracting geometrical parameters from glossy objects whose gloss occurs on dielectric surfaces such as plastics, lacquered items, polished paper and so on.
Processus écologiques et évolutifs impliqués dans le succès de l’introduction de Quercus rubra L. en Europe

Le chene rouge d’Amerique (Quercus rubra L.) est un arbre originaire d’Amerique du Nord et introduit en Europe a partir de la fin du XVIIeme siecle pour l’ornementation et le commerce du bois. Le but de cette these est de comprendre les mecanismes ecologiques et evolutifs qui contribuent a la dynamique et au succes de l’introduction de Q. rubra en Europe. Nous avons montre que cette espece naturalisee et plantee dans certains pays europeens parvient aisement a se developper de facon naturelle dans les forets de feuillus et de coniferes. La dispersion de ses glands est notamment rendue possible par des animaux fouisseurs-disperseurs, tels que les ecureuils et les mulots, qui cependant preferent les glands du chene natif Q. robur. Lors de l’introduction d’une espece dans un nouvel environnement, des processus evolutifs sont susceptibles de se produire et d’engendrer des modifications phenotypiques et genetiques au sein des populations introduites. Une analyse comparative de la structure et de la diversite genetique des populations natives et introduites de Q. rubra a demontre que seulement deux des trois groupes genetiques de l’aire americaine sont actuellement presents en Europe. Aucun goulot d’etranglement fort n’a ete detecte lors de l’introduction des populations en Europe laissant supposer que des introductions multiples ont pu maintenir la diversite genetique dans les populations introduites. Une analyse comparative des traits phenotypiques a permis de montrer que les populations introduites de Q. rubra presentent une croissance superieure par rapport aux populations natives. Une differenciation genetique au sein des populations introduites est en cours pour le trait de debourrement foliaire suggerant une possible evolution adaptative rapide depuis l’introduction.
Radiation Dose Reduction for Barium Enema : an Achievable Improvement in Patient Care

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of dose-reduction measures for double-contrast barium enema based on well-established UK National Reference Levels. Methods: Between May 2009 and February 2011, 369 patients were prospectively studied with respect to radiation doses received while undergoing double-contrast barium enema examinations before and after implementation of radiation dose-reduction measures. Statistical analysis was performed on fluoroscopic screening times, dose-area-product, and the number of undercouch and overcouch films used during the examination. Results: A significant reduction in fluoroscopic screening time (43%) was achieved after implementation of dose-reduction measures (p < 0.01). Similarly, a 40% reduction in dose-area-product was achieved at the end of the study (p < 0.01). Before the implementation of the dose-reduction measures, the mean dose-area-product and fluoroscopic screening time at our centre were at 73% and 58% above the UK National Reference Levels, respectively. At the end of the study, they were noted to be up to 13% lower than the UK standards. Conclusion: A 40% reduction in radiation dose on patients undergoing double-contrast barium enema was achieved after implementation of dose-reduction measures in our hospital. The double-contrast barium enema radiation dose was also reduced from 73% above the UK National Reference Level to a level below this reference standard.
Annotating a broad range of anaphoric phenomena, in a variety of genres: the ARRAU Corpus

Abstract This paper presents the second release of arrau, a multigenre corpus of anaphoric information created over 10 years to provide data for the next generation of coreference/anaphora resolution systems combining different types of linguistic and world knowledge with advanced discourse modeling supporting rich linguistic annotations. The distinguishing features of arrau include the following: treating all NPs as markables, including non-referring NPs, and annotating their (non-) referentiality status; distinguishing between several categories of non-referentiality and annotating non-anaphoric mentions; thorough annotation of markable boundaries (minimal/maximal spans, discontinuous markables); annotating a variety of mention attributes, ranging from morphosyntactic parameters to semantic category; annotating the genericity status of mentions; annotating a wide range of anaphoric relations, including bridging relations and discourse deixis; and, finally, annotating anaphoric ambiguity. The current version of the dataset contains 350K tokens and is publicly available from LDC. In this paper, we discuss in detail all the distinguishing features of the corpus, so far only partially presented in a number of conference and workshop papers, and we also discuss the development between the first release of arrau in 2008 and this second one.