Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infections lentivirales chez les petits ruminants domestiques : étude des relations hôte-pathogène et application en diagnostic

Le terme de lentivirus des petits ruminants (SRLV) designe deux entites virales, le CAEV et le VMV, responsables d'infections chroniques a evolution lente chez la chevre et le mouton. La diversite des souches virales couplee a la faible barriere d'espece constituent un probleme majeur en diagnostic et representent un risque sanitaire potentiel. Pour ameliorer la connaissance des souches virales qui circulent en Europe et optimiser les outils de diagnostic, les sequences gag et env d'isolats caprins et ovins circulant en Pologne ont ete caracterisees. La co-circulation de sous-types CAEV et VMV a ete mise en evidence a la fois chez les chevres et les moutons et deux nouveaux sous-types (A12 et A13) ont ete identifies. La variabilite antigenique inter- et intra-genotype a ete evaluee a l'aide de tests ELISA etablis sur de nouveaux antigenes recombinants multi-epitopes Gag/Env representatifs des deux types viraux. Les resultats ont revele que les sites antigeniques des proteines MA et CA etaient conserves entre les sous-types d'un meme genotype et, a un moindre degre, entre les deux genotypes, alors que la conservation des epitopes de la SU etait limitee au genotype, parfois meme au sous-type viral. Le risque sanitaire associe aux transmissions inter-especes a ete apprehende a travers une analyse comparative de parametres virologiques et serologiques chez des chevres et des moutons infectes par la meme souche virale. Des interactions hote-virus specifiques ont ete mises en evidence sur le plan de l'expression du virus dans le sang peripherique, de la cinetique de la reponse immune humorale et du spectre d'activite des anticorps diriges contre les proteines MA et CA. Sur la base des donnees acquises, les antigenes multi-epitopes Gag/Env ont ete valorises a travers le developpement de tests ELISA de diagnostic et de serotypage. Ces tests ont conduit a la decouverte, pour la premiere fois, d'une forme recombinante CAEV/VMV circulante.
Effects of hysterectomy on luteal function in the western spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons).

Fifteen pregnant spotted skunks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (Group I) intact controls; (Group II) hysterectomized during the prolonged preimplantation period and (Group Ill) hysterectomized within 1-4 days after nidation. Blood samples were obtained at various intervals after hysterectomy and assayed for progesterone by radioimmunoassay to determine the effects of hysterectomy on luteal function. Hysterectomy had no significant effect on luteal function and presumably luteal maintenance, as indicated by changes in plasma progesterone levels. These results indicate that neither embryos nor placentae were an essential source of luteotropin and that the uterus played no significant role in regulating the life span of the corpora lutea of pregnancy in the spotted skunk.
Evaluation of ten peanut genotypes for resistance to Peanut bud necrosis virus ( PBNV )

Kesmala, T. , Jogloy, S. , Wongkaew, S. , Akkasang, C. , and Patanothai, A. Evaluation of ten peanut genotypes for resistance to Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. , 2006, 28(3) : 459-467 Reactions of peanut genotypes to Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) under sap-inoculation and natural field conditions may be different. Ten peanut genotypes (KK 60-3, KKU 72-1, KKU 72-2, Luhua 11, Tainan 9, JL 24, IC 10, IC 34, ICGV 86031 and ICGV 86388) were evaluated for their reactions to PBNV under field conditions in Thailand in 2001. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine breeding potential of the selected peanut genotypes in terms of PBNV disease resistance, and (ii) to explore the usefulness of disease incidence, disease score and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) as the assessments of resistance for effectively discriminating susceptible and resistant genotypes of peanut. Significant differences were found between susceptible and resistant peanut genotypes as identified by disease incidence, disease score and AUDPC. Disease score and AUDPC tended to be equally effective and slightly better than disease incidence in identifying peanut genotypes resistant to PBNV. None of the resistance parameters could differentiate ORIGINAL ARTICLE 1M.Sc. (Plant Breeding), Researcher, 2Ph.D. (Plant breeding), Assoc. Prof., 4Ph.D. (Plant Physiology), Assoc. Prof., 5Ph.D. (Plant Breeding), Prof., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand. 3Ph.D. (Plant Pathology), School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agriculture Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand. Corresponding e-mail: sanun@kku.ac. th Received, 15 July 2005 Accepted, 13 November 2005 Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Vol.28 No.3 May Jun. 2006 460 Evaluation of ten peanut genotypes for resistance to PBNV
Divided Attention=Diminished Uptake?Multitasking with Computing Devices at Presentations

For colloquium style presentations where audience attention is voluntary, computing devices present an interesting conundrum. Audience members may benefit from simultaneously using a device to take notes or perform other tasks while still attempting to pay attention to the lecture, but the device may also distract its owner, other audience members, or the speaker. We report on two studies of the use of computing devices by people attending colloquium style presentations. We first conducted a survey exploring perceptions of speakers and attendees about the disruptiveness of laptop and smartphone usage during presentations. Then we explored and validated some of the findings in an observational study. We used video to study shifts of attention between devices and presentations, matching them to conceptual blind spots identified by short quizzes given to attendees. We find significant losses of recall associated with increased attention to devices and motivation for attending the presentation, and individual differences in recall of presented information and levels of concern about missing information.
Complex patients and interprofessional relationships: Perceptions of primary care nurse practitioners and primary care physicians

Purpose:The literature describing primary care nurse practitioners (PCNPs) and primary care physicians (PCPs) suggests that PCNPs provide care to patients with less complicated diagnoses than their PCP colleagues. However, other literature suggests the contrary. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how patients are assigned and cared for by primary care clinicians and how these clinicians relate to one another. Additionally we explore how PCNPs relate to physicians outside the practice. Data sources:Two nurse investigators conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with a nurse practitioner and a family medicine physician leader in each of 10 primary care practices. A content analysis was used to identify major themes. Conclusions:The participating PCNPs and PCPs have highly collaborative relationships. PCNPs often function independently, engage in reciprocal consultations with PCPs, and provide care to highly complex patients. In contrast to their relationships with practice colleagues, PCNP relationships with physicians outside the practice are disruptive. Implications for practice:These findings indicate that PCNPs are well positioned to assume responsibility for a diversity of primary care patients, including those with complex diagnoses. To promote the more effective integration of PCNPs, interprofessional barriers must be addressed by healthcare organizations and policy experts.
Rapid Staining and Immediate Interpretation of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology for Palpable Breast Lesions: Diagnostic Accuracy, Mammographic, Ultrasonographic and Histopathologic Correlations

Objective: We investigated the role and turn around time of rapid staining and immediate interpretation of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for women with palpable breast lesions. Study Design: A total of 408 FNAC specimens from 400 patients with palpable breast lesions was analyzed for immediate interpretation and preliminary cytologic diagnosis. All cytological diagnoses were correlated with subsequent alcohol-fixed Papanicolaou-stained slides, mammographic, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings. Results: Of the 408 specimens, 243 (59.6%) were interpreted as benign, 37 (9.0%) atypical, 22 (5.4%) suspicious, 68 (16.7%) malignant, and 38 (9.3%) unsatisfactory. 132 of 408 (32.4%) had subsequent surgical procedures; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 88.5, 100, 100, 81.9 and 92.4%, respectively. The average turn around time was 8.6 min. Mammographic results were available in 242 (59.3%) cases, with 112 (46.3%) undergoing surgical excision. In correlation with mammography and surgical pathology, the false-positive rate, false-negative rate, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 1.9, 10.5, 98.1, 89.5 and 95.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Rapid FNAC interpretation is a useful, effective diagnostic method for palpable breast lesions in our healthcare environment.
Severe early-onset polyneuropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A clinical and pathological study.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS The pathophysiologic features of diabetic neuropathy, a common and disabling long-term complication of diabetes mellitus, are poorly understood. We studied five patients, 22 to 34 years old, in whom an uncommonly severe symmetric polyneuropathy developed soon after the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes. Their autonomic function and nerve conduction were studied, and sural-nerve biopsy specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. Other causes of neuropathy were carefully excluded. RESULTS Four patients had autonomic dysfunction with postural hypotension, fainting, diarrhea, and Argyll Robertson pupils and peripheral neuropathy with loss of sensation of pain and changes in temperature that followed a pattern suggestive of a length-dependent degeneration of nerve fibers. In contrast, the fifth patient had muscle weakness and atrophy of limb extremities, with "glove and stocking" sensory loss, but little autonomic dysfunction. In the biopsy specimens of sural nerves, the mean (+/- SD) density of myelinated fibers was reduced to 20 +/- 14 percent of that measured in five control patients, and the density of unmyelinated fibers was reduced to 6 +/- 4 percent of that in the controls. Regenerating fibers accounted for 38 +/- 11 percent of the myelinated axons. Abnormalities of the myelin sheath affected 33 +/- 21 percent of the isolated fibers, and axonal degeneration 11 +/- 8 percent. Dying-back fibers, a characteristic of the centripetal degeneration of peripheral axons, were also identified. The dying-back process progressed at the rate of a few hundred micrometers per day. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset symptomatic polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus is characterized by the loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Spontaneous axonal regeneration is remarkably frequent, even when neuropathy is severe.
Earnings Management of Firms Reporting Long Term Debt: An Alternative Method

This study aims to apply an alternative detection model to prove that the earnings management will be occured when a company has long-term debts as well as the pressure of operating income. Generally, the literature study of earnings management indicates that the detection of earnings management can be grouped into two objectives, 1] to find variables for detecting earnings management (accruals, real activity and classification shifting) and 2] to use some advanced statistical or mathematical models to detect earnings management. This study applies a quantitative approach using secondary data of financial statements. The study was conducted on 50 companies with the largest market capitalization, 50 of the most active companies based on trading volume, 50 of the most active companies based on the value of trade and 50 of the most active companies by frequency trading. All of them are 200 public company (listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange-ID) based on IDX statistical report 2013. The results of this study are expected to provide a new method to detect earnings management and its application in the context of positive accounting theory (PAT). The results of the study proves that the model is able to detect earnings management by utilizing foreign exchange transaction losses and use these models to support PAT (particularly on debt covenant hypothesis). These results contribute that earnings management can be done by using the foreign exchange gain / loss. However, the limitation of this study is the model has not been able to capture the phenomenon of earnings management if a company does not report any long-term debt nor foreign exchange gain/ loss.
Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in human skin and SkinEthic reconstructed human skin models

Skin metabolism is becoming a major consideration in the development of new cosmetic ingredients, skin being the first organ exposed to them. In order to replace limited samples of Excised human skin (EHS), in vitro engineered human skins have been developed. 3D models are daily used to develop and evaluate new cosmetic ingredients and have to be characterized and compared with EHS in terms of metabolic capabilities. This work presents the determination of apparent catalytic parameters (apparent Vmax, Km and the ratio Vmax/Km) in 3D models compared with EHS for cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase isoforms involved in drug metabolism, esterases, alcohol dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, peroxidases, glutathione S‐transferases, N‐acetyl transferases, uridinyl diphosphate glucuronyl transferases and sulfotransferases. Results show that all these enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics are expressed and functional in the EHS and 3D models. Also, the Vmax/Km ratios (estimating the intrinsic metabolic clearances) show that the metabolic abilities are the most often comparable between the skin models and EHS. These results indicate that the 3D models can substitute themselves for EHS to select cosmetic ingredients on the basis of their metabolism, efficacy or/and safety.
Manipulation of gene expression by infrared laser heat shock and its application to the study of tracheal development in Drosophila

Background: Induction of gene expression in a specific cell and a defined time window is desirable to investigate gene function at the cellular level during morphogenesis. To achieve this, we attempted to introduce the infrared laser‐evoked gene operator system (IR‐LEGO, Kamei et al., 2009) in the Drosophila embryo. In this technique, infrared laser light illumination induces genes to be expressed under the control of heat shock promoters at the single cell level. Results: We applied IR‐LEGO to a transgenic fly stock, HS‐eGFP, in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene is placed under the control of heat shock protein 70 promoter, and showed that eGFP expression can be induced in single cells within 1–2 hr after IR illumination. Furthermore, induction of HS‐Branchless transgene encoding the Drosophila fibroblast growth factor (FGF) effectively altered the migration and branching patterns of the tracheal system. Conclusions: Our results indicated that IR‐LEGO is a promising choice for the timely control of gene expression in a small group of cells in the Drosophila embryo. By using IR‐LEGO, we further demonstrated that the tracheal terminal branching program is sensitive to localized expression of exogenous FGF. Developmental Dynamics 244:479–487, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality of Care in Nurse-Managed Health Centers

Purpose:The purposes of this article are to: (a) describe the first, national, collection of quality measures for nurse-managed health centers (NMHCs); (b) present the quality findings; (c) compare findings with national ambulatory care benchmarks; and (d) discuss the feasibility of national quality data collection, including NMHCs' experiences with data submission and the utilization of findings. Methods:Quality outcomes appropriate for aggregated assessment of NMHC quality were proposed by a committee of the National Institute for Nursing Centers. Quality measures related to these outcomes were developed for breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, diabetes care, hypertension management, and smoking cessation based on protocols of the Health care Effectiveness Data and Information Set. Nine NMHCs were recruited to participate in retrospective data collection, manually from record audits or electronically from the submission of data files. Results:Overall, quality measure findings compared favorably with national benchmarks, with particularly high quality demonstrated for chronic disease care management. Conclusions:Good to very good quality of care was documented across NMHCs, and NMHCs compared favorably with national benchmarks. Data were useful to NMHCs in identifying quality strengths and areas for improvement. National data collection proved to be feasible.
Effect of Commercially Available Plant-Derived Essential Oil Products on Arthropod Pests

ABSTRACT Plant-derived essential oil products, in general, are considered minimum-risk pesticides and are exempt from Environmental Protection Agency registration under section 25 (b) of the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. However, many of the plant-derived essential products available to consumers (homeowners) have not been judiciously evaluated for both efficacy and plant safety. In fact, numerous plant-derived essential oil products labeled for control of arthropod pests have not been subject to rigorous evaluation, and there is minimal scientific information or supporting data associated with efficacy against arthropod pests. We conducted a series of greenhouse experiments to determine the efficacy and phytotoxicity of an array of plant-derived essential oil products available to consumers on arthropod pests including the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; sweetpotato whitefly B-biotype, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius); and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Although the products Flower Pharm (cottonseed, cinnamon, and rosemary oil) and Indoor Pharm (soybean, rosemary, and lavender oil) provided >90% mortality of citrus mealybug, they were also the most phytotoxic to the coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd, plants. Both GC-Mite (cottonseed, clove, and garlic oil) and Bugzyme (citric acid) were most effective against the twospotted spider mite (≥90% 0ortality). However, SMC (canola, coriander oil, and triethanolamine), neem (clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil), and Bug Assassin (eugenol, sodium lauryl sulfate, peppermint, and citronella oil) provided >80% mortality. Monterey Garden Insect Spray, which contained 0.5% spinosad, was most effective against western flower thrips with 100% mortality. All the other products evaluated failed to provide sufficient control of western flower thrips with <30% mortality. In addition, the products Pest Out (cottonseed, clove, and garlic oil), Bang (Pipereaceae), and Fruit & Vegetable Insect Spray (rosemary, cinnamon, clove oil, and garlic extract) had the highest flower (transvaal daisy, Gerbera jamesonii [H. Bolus ex Hook.f]) phytotoxicity ratings (≥4.5 of 5) among all the products. None of the plant-derived essential oil products provided sufficient control of sweetpotato whitefly B-biotype or green peach aphid 7, 14, and 21 d after application. Furthermore, the products Bug Assassin (eugenol, sodium lauryl sulfate, peppermint, and citronella oil) and Sharpshooter (sodium lauryl sulfate and clove oil) were phytotoxic to the poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, plants. This study is one of the first to quantitatively demonstrate that commercially available plant-derived essential oil products vary in their effectiveness against certain arthropod pests stated on the label and are phytotoxic.
Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for upper gastrointestinal perforation in elderly patients

Objective: To compare the efficacy of laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer perforations in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 100 patients with upper GI ulcer perforation treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study. All the eligible patients were older than 60 years and received emergency surgeries. They were randomly divided into two groups: the laparoscopy group (n=50) and the laparotomy group (n=50). The intraoperative factors, postoperative recovery, complication rate, postoperative pain, QOL (quality of life) scores and serum inflammatory cytokine (hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) levels were compared between the two groups. Results: As compared with the laparotomy group, the laparoscopy group significantly reduced operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay (P<0.05). Significantly shorter time for gastrointestinal function recovery, anal exhaustion and postoperative ambulation was also observed in the laparoscopy group (P<0.05). In addition, the laparoscopy group had significantly lower incidence of overall complications (P<0.05). As for the magnitude of postoperative pain, the VAS scores at 1 day and 3 days after surgery were significantly lower (P<0.05) and the postoperative QOL at 1 month and 3 months significantly improved in the laparoscopy group (P<0.05). The postoperative inflammatory cytokineshs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 1 week were also significant lower in the laparoscopy group (P<0.05). Conclusion: For treatment of upper GI perforation in elderly patients, laparoscopy is significantly superior to laparotomy in reducing the presence of complications and inflammatory reactions, alleviating postoperative pain and improving therapeutic effects. Therefore, it is beneficial to elderly patients.
A human-like embodied agent learning tour guide for e-learning systems

E-learners have to study independently without educators, making it difficult for them to maintain interest or motivation. This study proposes the use of a human-like, embodied conversational agent in an e-learning system to interactively guide users through content and subsequently improve efficacy. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the agent's posture on users' a) learning motivation, b) engagement, c) perception of the agent, and d) learning efficacy. Forty-one undergraduate students participated in our empirical study, which revealed that through the use of human-like postures learners' learning motivation and engagement increased.
New Approximate Inferential Methods for the Reliability Parameter in a Stress–Strength Model: The Normal Case

Abstract This article considers the problem of testing and interval estimation of the reliability parameter P(Y 1 > Y 2), where Y 1 and Y 2 are independent normal random variables with unknown means and variances. A new approximate method is proposed, and is compared with two existing approximate methods and a generalized variable method. Simulation studies indicate that the sizes of the existing approximate tests exceed the nominal level considerably in some situations while the new method controls the sizes satisfactorily in all situations considered. The studies also indicated that the generalized variable test is too conservative for small samples. A confidence limit for the reliability parameter based on the new approximate test is also given. The results are extended to the case where Y 1 and Y 2 depend on some explanatory variables. The methods are illustrated using three examples, and some recommendations are made regarding what method should be used for practical applications.