Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Innovation Adoption and Its Economic Impact Focused on Path Analysis at National Level

Purpose: The advancement of technologies and their adoption affects the socio-economic growth of nations. This research is focused on how this innovation adoption path is linked to economic growth of nations since the previous IT revolution has been combined with existing industries and adding values in terms of applying intelligence through adopting digital technologies. Approach/Design/Methodology: There are two different approaches—process approach and factor approach—in innovation adoption research. Innovation diffusion research, which is one of the process approaches, is related to adoption, diffusion, and impact theories, but there are limitations in explaining the perspective of a nation other than individual and organization on the basis of previous literatures. Therefore, we build the integrative model to verify innovative growth path of nations by applying Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DoI) and Technology (T)-Organization (O)-Environment (E) framework, which can explain factors of affecting innovation. We evaluate eight hypotheses with data collected from 137 to 212 nations using international information index by credible organizations: World Economic Forum (WEF), World Bank, United Nations (UN), and International Communications Union (ITU), based on the integrative model we proposed. The path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is performed, and the result shows that the path from technological innovation capabilities (T), human capital (O), and environment (E) is related directly to economic impact, except for the path from human capital to value chain breadth directly and indirectly. The indirect path through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) access, use, and value chain helps to understand the full impact of digital innovation. Practical implications: By verifying this relationship, we expect to give suggestions in policy perspective and in building strategy towards innovative growth of countries. Our results show that technological innovation capabilities take time to show impact in terms of economic growth than the other factors, which are human capital, and political and regulatory environment of country. The nurture of human capital directly affects to the economic growth of nations relative to other T and E factors. The political and regulatory environment support stable ICT usage, which gives impact to the economic growth of nations.
Board Interlocks and Capital Structure Dynamics: Evidence from China

Using a sample of Chinese A&#8208;share listed companies from the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2016, this paper investigates the effects of director network centrality on the speed of capital structure adjustment. The results indicate that firms in the central position of the director network have a higher speed of capital structure adjustment and a lower extent of deviation from the target capital structure. This effect is mainly significant for non&#8208;state&#8208;owned enterprises (non&#8208;SOEs). Collectively, the evidence shows the network of interlocked directors creating mechanisms for information and resource exchanges, which enhance the efficiency of corporate financing polices.
The asymmetric responses of aggregate earnings and stock returns to oil shocks and policy uncertainty

ABSTRACT This paper utilizes a structural VAR model to investigate the asymmetric responses of aggregate earnings and stock market returns to oil price shocks and economic policy uncertainty. It finds that aggregate earnings contain information about oil price fluctuations. The effects of oil shocks on the earnings and returns are amplified by endogenous policy uncertainty responses. Oil shocks and policy uncertainty explain 29.7% and 11.2% of the variation in the aggregate earnings in the long run. The covariance of aggregate earnings and stock market returns is negative and driven by the demand-side oil shock and news coverage/CPI forecast uncertainty.
Do Movie Production Incentives Generate Economic Development?

Movie production incentives (MPIs) are a popular economic development strategy employed by U.S. states. Film subsidies are intended to encourage external investment into a nascent industry that spills over onto complementary industries to generate economic growth through a multiplier. Despite their widespread use, the positive impact of MPIs on state economies has not been documented, and several states have halted their MPI programs due to high costs and questionable efficacy. This study exploits the staggered implementation, suspension, and elimination of film incentive programs across states to estimate the macroeconomic impact of MPIs. Instrumental variable estimates that permit causal inference do not support the hypothesized positive impacts of film incentives on state economies. (JEL H25, H71, L82, R11, R38, Z11, Z18)
Face Recognition by Using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network and Windowing Method

Biometric recognition have been getting popular in recent years. In this paper one of the biometric recognition techniques, face recognition, is purposed by using windowing feature extraction method and artificial neural network classifier. In the paper, ORL database which consist of ten images of forty people is used to test our software and method. First of all, images are separated to the different size windows, 4 by 4 and 8 by 8. Then, it is obtained the means of each window and totally sixteen by one and sixty four by one vectors features are obtained, respectively. According to the created features of each images, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained by using different learning rate, momentum factor etc. Finally, the network is tested as to testing values and it’s observed the remarkable results of the study. As it expected, the methods which separate the images 8 by 8 is more successful than the other one. On the other hand, 4 by 4 windowing feature have also remarkable results, although it has less features. 
In Open Access’s Long Shadow – A view from the Humanities

Historians have been in recent years among the most vocal critics against open access to scientific literature. Discussing the controversies they have triggered in Europe and in the USA, we argue that research on open access should be broadened chronologically and thematically. The first section recalls the very first debate on open access that took place among library professionals at the turn of the XXth century and points similarities with the present situation. The second section reviews the criticisms levelled by humanities disciplines against mandatory regulations on open access. The third section argues that the potential of open access for science democratization and knowledge dissemination may not be taken for granted and need further empirical assessment.
The Response Shift Phenomenon in Clinical Trials

As clinical research has embraced the patient’s perspective, use of self-reported measures targeting more subjective constructs have become commonplace during primary outcome selection. Making sense of self-reported health outcomes amongst clinical trial participants is not always as easy as one might first anticipate. While objective clinical measures may lend themselves to an occasional inconvenience during evaluation or analysis, it is perhaps these self-reported outcomes of a more subjective nature that are most likely to bestow additional complexity on an unsuspecting investigator. Nonetheless, when trial participants experience changes in their health, it is often these types of outcomes that provide meaning to the changes. Additionally, outcomes like healthrelated quality of life may not only reveal whether changes in health have had a meaningful impact on patients, but may also allow for comparisons of benefit (or detriment) to be made across interventions and patient conditions, as well as inform economic evaluation in clinical trials through cost-utility analysis.
Your money or your life : economy and religion in the Middle Ages

In this intriguing study, Jacques Le Goff, one of the most esteemed contemporary French historians of the Middle Ages, presents a concise investigation of the problem that usury posed for the medieval Church, which had long condemned the lending of money for interest. Le Goff describes how, as the structure of economic life inevitably began to include financial loans, the Church refashioned its theology in order to condemn the usurer not to hell but merely to purgatory.Jacques Le Goff is Director of Studies at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, and the author of The Birth of Purgatory.Patricia Ranum is the translator of Afterthoughts on Material Civilization and Capitalism by Fernand Braudel.
Thinking Outside the Box: Do SPF Respondents Have Anchored Inflation Expectations?

Despite the stability of the median 10-year inflation expectations in the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) near 2 percent, we show that not a single SPF respondent’s expectations have been anchored at the target since the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC) enactment of an inflation target in January 2012, or even since 2015. However, we find significant evidence for “delayed anchoring,” or a move toward being anchored, particularly after the federal funds rate lifted off in December 2015.
Credit information sharing and loan default in developing countries: the moderating effect of banking market concentration and national governance quality

Departing from the existing literature, which associates credit information sharing with improved access to credit in advanced economies, we examine whether credit information sharing can also reduce loan default rate for banks domiciled in developing countries. Using a large dataset covering 879 unique banks from 87 developing countries from every continent, over a 9-year period (i.e., over 6300 observations), we uncover three new findings. First, we find that credit information sharing reduces loan default rate. Second, we show that the relationship between credit information sharing and loan default rate is conditional on banking market concentration. Third, our findings suggest that governance quality at the country level does not have a strong moderating role on the effect of credit information sharing on loan default rate.
The Moderating Effect of Debates on Political Attitudes

In theory, candidate debates can influence voters by providing information about candidates' quality and policy positions. However, there is limited evidence about whether and why debates influence voters in new democracies. We use a field experiment on parliamentary debates during Ghana's 2016 elections to show that debates improve voters' evaluations of candidates. Debates have the strongest effect on partisan voters, who become more favorable toward and more likely to vote for opponent-party candidates and less likely to vote for co-partisans. Experimental and unique observational data capturing participants' second-by-second reactions to the debates show that policy information was the most important causal mechanism driving partisan moderation, especially among strong partisans. A follow-up survey shows that these effects persist in electorally competitive communities, whereas they dissipate in party strongholds. Policy-centered debates have the potential to reduce partisan polarization in new democracies, but the local political context conditions the persistence of these effects.
Short-sale Constraints and Stock Price Crash Risk: Causal Evidence from a Natural Experiment

We examine the relation between short-sale constraints and stock price crash risk. To establish causality, we take advantage of a regulatory change from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)’s Regulation SHO pilot program, which temporarily lifted short-sale constraints for randomly designated stocks. Using Regulation SHO as a natural experiment setting in which to apply a difference-in-differences research design, we find that the lifting of short-sale constraints leads to a significant decrease in stock price crash risk. We further investigate the possible underlying mechanisms through which short-sale constraints affect stock price crash risk. We provide evidence suggesting that lifting of short-sale constraints reduces crash risk by constraining managerial bad news hoarding and improving corporate investment efficiency. The results of our study shed new light on the cause of stock price crash risk as well as the roles that short sellers play in monitoring managerial disclosure strategies and real investment decisions.
Corporate Financial Disclosure Measurement in the Empirical Accounting Literature: A Review Article

This paper develops a framework for corporate financial disclosure measurement to identify and evaluate common measures of financial disclosure employed in prior empirical accounting studies. It identifies two approaches: (i) a disclosure-based approach that investigates actual disclosure, operationalizes the concept of disclosure in terms of its main dimensions such as the quantity and quality of disclosure, and develops methods to measure them such as the disclosure index and textual analysis, and (ii) a non-disclosure-based approach that uses the values of some observable variables to proxy for disclosure such as market-based disclosure measures. The study also discusses some empirical challenges related to causal claims and the extent to which the reliability and validity of these different measures of disclosure are tested. The purposes of this review are (i) to help future researchers identify exemplars and select or develop their own suitable disclosure measures, and (ii) to identify measurement issues relating to corporate financial disclosure and provide avenues for future research.
Culinary Tourism Experiences in Agri-Tourism Destinations and Sustainable Consumption—Understanding Italian Tourists’ Motivations

Culinary tourism represents an emerging component of the tourism industry and encompasses all the traditional values associated with the new trends in tourism: respect for culture and tradition, authenticity and sustainability. Italy is known worldwide for the richness and variety of its gastronomy, and agri-tourism represents one of the most important places where culinary tourists can experience local food and beverages. By using a modified version of Kim and Eves’ motivational scale, the present study aims to investigate which motivational factors affect the frequency of culinary tourists to experience local food and beverages in agri-tourism destinations. The findings of the present study reveal that the social and environmental sustainability, among the other motivations, has shown to play a crucial role in influencing Italian tourists’ frequency to experience local food and beverage in agri-tourism destinations.
Market Orientation in NGDOs: Construction of a Scale Focused on Their Stakeholders

Nongovernmental development organizations (NGDOs) have traditionally enjoyed notable recognition and visibility within the field of nonprofit organizations. However, the situation of this sector is problematic in its need to respond to various threats whether programmatic, financial, or of social legitimacy. This study poses as a hypothesis that market orientation, as a management philosophy which many NGDOs could adopt, may be fundamental for them to deal successfully with the challenges they face. An analysis of the literature on market orientation in the nonprofit sector showed that the existing models of market orientation did not adequately capture NGDOs’ real working context, thus recommending a broader market approach based on proposals oriented to the stakeholder and to social aspects. For this reason, the objective of the study was to create a scale of market orientation adapted to the reality of the work of NGDOs. Analysis of a sample of 104 Spanish entities allowed an eight-factor market orientation scale for NGDOs to be created and validated, which reached optimal values of reliability and validity.
Business districts: the spatial characteristics of FDI within cities

ABSTRACT Many studies focus on the competitive characteristics of cities – such as accessibility, infrastructure, knowledge, creativity, institutions, face-to-face-contacts, tacit knowledge, and business interaction – and how these attract FDI, firms, and people. However, few studies focus on the spatial characteristics of urban clusters. In this study, knowledge-intensive FDI into 15 Northwestern European cities was explored. The FDI was geo-mapped at a district level, and the characteristics of these districts regarding proximity, functionality, urbanity and spatial quality were classified. The results revealed the spatial indicators that attract FDI in knowledge-intensive industrial activities.
Predatory purchasing practices in global apparel supply chains and the employment relations squeeze in the Indian garment export industry

Zusammenfassung Während die Literatur Verstöße gegen Arbeitnehmerrechte in globalen Bekleidungslieferketten schon seit langem anerkennt, wird den jüngsten Verschlechterungen menschenwürdiger Arbeitsbedingungen und ihren genauen Ursachen weniger Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Die Studie verknüpft Verschlechterung der Arbeitsbedingungen mit rücksichtslosen Einkaufspraktiken, die aus den wachsenden Machtasymmetrien hervorgehen. Durch diese Praktiken und den Anstieg von Produktionsanforderungen wird Druck auf Lohnzahlungen und -höhe ausgeübt und informelle Beschäftigungsverhältnisse werden gefördert. Zudem kommt es durch erhöhte Anforderung und höherem Druck zu verbalen und physischen Übergriffen. Diese Praktiken können durch Preismechanismen, die die Kosten menschenwürdiger Arbeit abdecken, angemessene staatliche Regulierung und Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung adressiert werden.
Economic Effects of Inward Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Vietnamese Provinces

This article examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and domestic investment with a focus on Vietnamese provinces by conducting a vector auto-regression (VAR) estimation. The major research questions are twofold: whether the inward FDI causes economic growth or economic growth induces the FDI, and whether the inward FDI crowds in or crowds out domestic investment. This study explores regional differences in the FDI effect by dividing Vietnamese provinces according to FDI-value intensity. The VAR estimation results showed two clear contrasts on FDI effects between the FDI-intensive region and the FDI-less-intensive one. One contrast was that FDI causes economic growth in the FDI-intensive region, whereas economic growth induces FDI in the FDI-less-intensive region. Another contrast was that FDI crowds in domestic investment in the FDI-intensive region, whereas FDI crowds out domestic investment in the FDI-less-intensive region. These contrasts suggest the existence of FDI’s agglomeration effects.
Ketamine with and without diazepam or detomidine premedication in bovine paediatric patients

Premedication with atropine @ 0.04 mg/kg im and diazepam @ 1 mg/kg iv or detomidine @ 20 µg/kg im to ketanline @ 12 mg/kg im increased the muscle relaxation and the duration of anaesthesia to 22.15 ± 2.19 and 24.75 ± 2.39 min and complete recovery occurred in 102.00 ± 4.63 and 86.25 ± 3. 19 min, respectively, in calves. A significant increase in heart rate and respiratory rate, decreased tidal volume and increased minute volume was seen after ketamine administration. Surgical anaesthesia could not be produced after atropine-ketamine administration in calves. Diazepam and detomidine counteracted the hypertensive effects of ketamine. ECG changes remained within physiological limits. Haematological and biochemical effects involved a non-significant decrease in PCV, Hb and total erythrocyte count, increase in glucose, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine and insignificant effects on sodium, potassium, chloride and arginase levels. Transient haematological and biochemical changes returned near pre-administration level by 24-48 hr after administration of ketamine.
Extending the View on Project Performance

The main aim of this study is to gain insights into project management professionals’ perception of how project success can be achieved. The Q-methodology was followed in this research. Based on an extensive literature review and validation through expert judgment, a framework consisting of 33 factors increasing the likelihood of success was developed. A total of 34 practitioners in three different sectors (real estate, urban development, and infrastructure) in the Netherlands were asked to rank the statements contributing to the success of their projects. Four different perspectives of how project success can be achieved were distinguished in this study: “seeking the best match”, “being adaptive and open”, “keeping the team focused”, and “preparing for opportunities”. The perception of different practitioners of how success can be obtained may stem from factors of project context rather than sector and complexity. This highlights further research opportunities in taking a contingent approach when investigating project performance. The study helps to grasp the subjectivity of practitioners’ viewpoints regarding the potential ways to enhance project performance by understanding the similarity and differences of these viewpoints.
Indonesian Life Expectancy: Role of Health Infrastructure and Socio-Economic Status

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of health infrastructure and public socio-economic status on life expectancy in Indonesia. Health infrastructure indicators are health personnel, health facilities, and health insurance. Meanwhile, socio-economics indicators are dependency ratio, income inequality, and poverty. The models are estimated using a panel data set for 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2016. This research is using a fixed-effect panel data approach. Empirical results show that health personnel and health insurance have a positive relationship with life expectancy. Dependency ratios and poverty also show a negative relationship with life expectancy. On the other hand, the availability of health facilities and income inequality have a weak relationship with life expectancy. This empirical examination result will help Indonesian governments to improve several aspects in order to increase life expectancy in Indonesia
Children, Media And Democracy. Romanian Children Participating In Protests

Romanian children’s participation in protests and marches held in February 2017, in all Romanian big cities, brought a real novelty into the national public space. With the support of media and online networks, children became an important topic for the national and international public communication, being the messages-carriers of what was written on banners, becoming a loud voice able to express civic and democratic messages. Such facts presented in all media channels of communication have risen questions about the suitability of children`s participation in public civic events, about the real and expected impact, about the aim pursued and the one achieved through their presence on the streets, as well as the direct educational influence on them. This empirical study is based on information provided by the family, who is the main decision-maker in children’s involvement and the one who supports their public participation. Using an online survey, with over 80 responders, we aimed to investigate the perceptions of socially active parents regarding the social values promoted by the participation of children in protests. Using the qualitative analysis of the parents’ answers we have considered them sources of qualitative information about messages that convey moral and civic meanings. The study focuses on revealing the dimensions of the social values promoted by parents, messages that are related to concepts such as civic and political education, active participation, political socialization, terms subsumed to the sphere of the sociology of childhood, opening a multi-perspective overview about this particular aspect.