Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of split-drain MAGFETs

We present fully three-dimensional simulation results of two-drain and three-drain magnetic field-effect transistors (MAGFET), magnetic sensors based on metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) structures. By proper development and discretization of the current density equations comprising the nonzero magnetic field components, a two-drain MAGFET is analyzed at both 77 K and 300 K. The discretization scheme is implemented in the general purpose multidimensional device and circuit simulator MINIMOS-NT which is used to investigate the relative sensitivity, the main figure of merit of any magnetic sensor, as a function of the geometric parameters and bias conditions. Besides, the physical modeling of silicon at 77 K and the Hall scattering factors for the silicon inversion layers are discussed. Our simulation results perfectly match the available experimental data. New in-depth knowledge can be obtained by simulating MOSFET structures at 77 K in the presence of an arbitrary magnetic field.
No Inhibitory Deficit in Older Adults' Episodic Memory

Selectively retrieving a subset of previously studied material can cause forgetting of the unpracticed material. Such retrieval-induced forgetting is attributed to an inhibitory mechanism recruited to resolve interference among competing items. According to the inhibition-deficit hypothesis, older people experience a specific decline in inhibitory function and thus should show reduced retrieval-induced forgetting. However, the results of the two experiments reported here show the same amount of retrieval-induced forgetting in younger and older adults. These results indicate that retrieval inhibition is intact in older adults' episodic recall. The findings suggest that the common view of a general inhibitory deficit in older adults needs to be updated and that older adults show intact inhibition in some cognitive tasks and deficient inhibition in others.
Success Factors for E-Livestock: an E-Government Initiative

E-Government system has been developed in various countries. Currently, e-Government specifically appears in various paradigms, such as e-Procurement, e-Voting. Lastly, has emerged a new paradigm in e-Government, called e-Livestock. Therefore, in this study, we will propose and discuss about several success factors for e-Livestock in Indonesia. We will take into account four previous researches that are related to this research. Based on four previous researches, we compose first round questionnaire that consists of 65 suggested success factors. We also compose second round questionnaire that consists of 14 suggested success factors. We combine and analyzed the result of both questionnaires, so that we get 62 success factors for e-Livestock in Indonesia. We propose that in practice, to make their initiative success, all of the 62 success factors that resulted from this research have to exist and be accommodated by all parties that involved in the e-Livestock initiative in Indonesia.
Different Motifs Regulate Trafficking of SorCS1 Isoforms

The type I transmembrane protein SorCS1 is a member of the Vps10p‐domain receptor family comprised of Sortilin, SorLA and SorCS1, ‐2 and ‐3. Current information indicates that Sortilin and SorLA mediate intracellular protein trafficking and sorting, but little is known about the cellular functions of the SorCS subgroup. SorCS1 binds platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) and is expressed in isoforms differing only in their cytoplasmic domains. Here, we identify two novel isoforms of mouse SorCS1 designated m‐SorCS1c and ‐d. In situ hybridization revealed a combinatorial expression pattern of the variants in brain and embryonic tissues. We demonstrate that among the mouse variants, only SorCS1c mediates internalization and that the highly conserved SorCS1c is internalized through a canonical tyrosine‐based motif. In contrast, human SorCS1a, whose cytoplasmic domain is completely different from mouse SorCS1a, is internalized through a DXXLL motif. We report that the human SorCS1a cytoplasmic domain interacts with the αC/σ2 subunits of the adaptor protein (AP)‐2 complex, and internalization of human SorCS1a and ‐c is mediated by AP‐2. Our results suggest that the endocytic isoforms target internalized cargo to lysosomes but are not engaged in Golgi–endosomal transport to a significant degree.
Correlation of Corneal and Scleral Topography in Cases with Ectasias and Normal Corneas

Background and Objective To determine the relationships between corneal and scleral elevation topography in subjects with corneal ectasias and normal corneas. Material and Methods This is a multi-site retrospective study. Ocular surface topography (sMap3D, Precision Ocular Metrology, US) was collected on 115 eyes with prolate cornea profile (Group A) and 227 eyes showing corneal ectasia (Group B). Sagittal height (SAG 1) was measured in the axis of the highest elevated point of the cornea (apex), defined by the meridian joining this apex to the geometrical center of the cornea at an 16 mm chord diameter (8-mm radius). Another sag value was evaluated 180° away (SAG 2) at the same diameter/radius. The difference in height between SAG 1 and SAG 2 represents a quadrant specific effect (QSE). Conjunctival toricity is estimated by comparing the best fit of the conjunctival/scleral shape data to a toric (Sin2) curve; the root- mean-squared error (RMSE) of this curve, a measure of irregularity, was also calculated. Results The ectasia subjects demonstrated greater QSE, (p<0.001), standard toricity (p<0.001) and RMSE (p<0.001) on the sclera compared to normal cornea cases. If the apex of the ectasia was ≥1.25mm from the corneal center, the asymmetry was greater. Within the Group A, standard toricity was significantly higher than QSE (p<0.001) suggesting a more regular conjunctival pattern. As a proof, a significantly greater proportion of cases in Group B vs. Group A (57% vs. 26%, p<0.001) were found with conjunctival irregular shape, as previously defined. In both groups, subjects graded as having spherical/toric scleral shape had significantly lower RMSE values than those graded as having irregular shapes (p<0.001). Conclusion Subjects with corneal ectasia have a different scleral shape compared to those with normal corneal profiles, largely presenting as a quadrant specific effect along the same axis. This difference is higher if the apex of the ectasia is ≥1.25 mm from the corneal center. RMSE seems to correlate with scleral shape classification in both groups.
Abejas visitantes florales de Opuntia heliabravoana en un gradiente de urbanización

Las abejas son importantes polinizadores de plantas con flor y son consideradas como especies clave debido a que juegan un papel fundamental en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, estas funciones pueden verse afectadas por la expansion de las zonas urbanas. En este trabajo determinamos las abejas que son visitantes florales de una especie de nopal endemica de Mexico, Opuntia heliabravoana , y evaluamos si la composicion de especies, riqueza y abundancia de abejas difiere a lo largo de un gradiente de urbanizacion. Se colectaron las abejas visitantes de las flores de O. heliabravoana en 19 sitios con diferente nivel de urbanizacion en la zona metropolitana de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico durante la temporada de floracion. Se registraron 1127 individuos de abejas visitantes pertenecientes a 16 especies, la mayoria nativas de Mexico con excepcion de Apis mellifera . Las especies de abejas mas abundantes fueron Macrotera sinaloana , Lithurgus littoralis , Diadasia sp. y Apis mellifera . La mayor diferencia entre la composicion de especies de abejas se encontro para los sitios que se encuentran en los extremos del gradiente de urbanizacion. La abundancia de abejas disminuyo con la urbanizacion, sin embargo, la riqueza de especies no mostro una relacion significativa con el grado de urbanizacion. La urbanizacion influye en la comunidad de las abejas visitantes florales de O. heliabravoana .
The Determinants of Macroeconomic Volatility: A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

Bayesian model averaging is applied to robustly ascertain the determinants of various output volatility measures, including the downside semideviation of growth rates. Financial sophis- tication variables are found to have qualitatively different effects on volatility. The ratio of govern- ment expenditure to GDP exhibited a significant positive relationship with volatility and the trade share of GDP was positively related for a balanced dataset of developed and developing countries between 1960-89, and negatively related for developing countries between 1974-89. Other significant determinants were the black market premium, civil liberties, political rights, rule of law, and ratios of short-term debt and taxation to GDP.
Tras las competencias de los nativos digitales: avances de una metasíntesis

(descriptivo): En el presente documento reporto los avances de una metasíntesis realizada sobre investigaciones que en los últimos 15 años han buscado evaluar las competencias digitales de los jóvenes; ello con el fin de establecer si sus resultados soportan las posturas que afirman que los jóvenes y las jóvenes tienen unas competencias digitales generalizadas y de alto nivel. Para tal fin realicé una selección en la literatura de reportes de investigaciones cuyos objetivos se dirigieran al análisis de las competencias digitales, posteriores al planteamiento original de los nativos digitales y que presentaran resultados empíricos. De los artículos obtenidos analicé sus concepciones, métodos y resultados. El producto de este proceso indica que la mayoría de tales estudios concluyen que las aseveraciones sobre las superiores competencias digitales de los sujetos jóvenes no están soportadas empíricamente.
Modeling Spatial Contacts for Epidemic Prediction in a Large-Scale Artificial City

Spatial contacts among human beings are considered as one of the influential factors during the transmission of contagious diseases, such as influenza and tuberculosis. Therefore, representing and understanding spatial contacts plays an important role in epidemic modeling research. However, most current research only considers regular spatial contacts such as contacts at home/school/office, or they assume static social networks for modeling social contacts and omit travel contacts in their epidemic models. This paper describes a way to model relatively complete spatial contacts in the context of a large-scale artificial city, which combines different data sources to construct an agent-based model of the city Beijing. In this model, agents have regular contacts when executing their daily activity patterns which is similar to other large-scale agent-based epidemic models. Besides, a microscopic public transportation component is included in the artificial city to model public travel contacts. Moreover, social contacts also emerge in this model due to the dynamic generation of social networks. To systematically examine the effect of the relatively complete spatial contacts have for epidemic prediction in the artificial city, a pandemic influenza disease progression model was implemented in this artificial city. The simulation results validated the model. In addition, the way to model spatial contacts in this paper shows potential not only for improving comprehension of disease spread dynamics, but also for use in other social systems, such as public transportation systems and city level evacuation planning.
Work fragmentation in developer interaction data

Information workers and software developers are exposed to work fragmentation, an interleaving of activities and interruptions during their normal work day. Small‐scale observational studies have shown that this can be detrimental to their work. In this paper, we perform a large‐scale study of this phenomenon for the particular case of software developers performing software evolution tasks. Our study is based on several thousands interaction traces collected by Mylyn and the Eclipse Usage Data Collector. We observe that work fragmentation is correlated to lower observed productivity at both the macro level (for entire sessions) and at the micro level (around markers of work fragmentation); further, longer activity switches seem to strengthen the effect, and different activities seem to be affected differently. These observations give ground for subsequent studies investigating the phenomenon of work fragmentation.
The new analytical subthreshold behavior model for dual material gate (DMG) SOI MESFET

Based on the exact resultant solution of two dimensional Poisson equation, a new analytical subthreshold behavior model consisting of two dimensional potential, threshold voltage and subthreshold swing for the dual material gate (DMG) SOI MESFETs is developed. The model is verified by the good agreement when compared with the numerical simulation of device simulator MEDICI. The model not only offers the physical insight into device physics but also provides the efficient device model for the circuit simulation.
The Validity of Screening Instruments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Other Anxiety Symptoms in Tajikistan

Armed conflicts and violations of human rights have a large and long-lasting impact on the mental health of affected individuals. In Tajikistan's civil war, 1992–1997, out of a total population of 6.5 million, about 60,000 were killed and 700,000 became refugees. Little has been done to explore the mental health consequences of this war. The purpose of the present pilot study was to validate 1 screening instrument for PTSD and 1 for depression and anxiety symptoms in a Tajik outpatient population. The sample for the study totaled 75. The appropriate cutoff values were determined empirically. The validity of the instruments was high. In conclusion, the use of validated screening instruments was a feasible way to explore the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and other anxiety symptoms in a Tajikistan context.
Sleep problems in chinese school-aged children with a parent-reported history of ADHD.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to survey the prevalence of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and to assess its associations with sleep problems among urban school-aged children in China. METHOD A random sample of 20,152 school-aged children participated in a cross-sectional survey in eight cities of China. A parent-administered questionnaire and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire were completed to quantify history of ADHD diagnosis and sleep problems, respectively. RESULTS Slightly more than 4% of Chinese school-aged children were reported to have a history of ADHD diagnosis. The multivariate regression models revealed that, after controlling for some confounders-such as gender, parents' educational level, family income, family structure, and stimulant medication-there was a higher prevalence of sleep problems, especially parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness, in children with a history of ADHD diagnosis. CONCLUSION The results emphasized the importance of incorporating screens of sleep problems into the evaluation of ADHD.
Water Dynamics in Fresh and Frozen Yeasted Dough

Water is an integral part of wheat flour dough—the amount, physical state, and location of water are crucial to the formation of a dough that will hold gas and produce an open, aerated crumb structure in the final product. This has been understood for centuries by craft bakers, who were highly attuned to the “feel” of dough in their hands. In the 20th century, empirical instruments were invented that simulated part of the breadmaking process, and their limited predictive capacity made them valuable quality control tools. During the latter decades of the 20th century the cost and availability of advanced instrumental methods for characterizing foods improved dramatically, and facilitated a “fundamental science” approach to food research. The physicochemical mechanisms by which water exerts such a strong influence on the character of dough are now better understood. This review contrasts the empirical and fundamental view points, and summarizes recent knowledge about the roles of water in the manufacture of fresh and frozen yeasted dough.
Type-specific Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase

Crystallographic studies have elucidated the binding mechanism of forskolin and P-site inhibitors to adenylyl cyclase. Accordingly, computer-assisted drug design has enabled us to identify isoform-selective regulators of adenylyl cyclase. After examining more than 200 newly synthesized derivatives of forskolin, we found that the modification at the positions of C6 and C7, in general, enhances isoform selectivity. The 6-(3-dimethylaminopropionyl) modification led to an enhanced selectivity for type V, whereas 6-[N-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl) aminocarbonyl] and 6-(4-acrylbutyryl) modification led to an enhanced selectivity for type II. In contrast, 2′-deoxyadenosine 3′-monophosphate, a classical and 3′-phosphate-substituted P-site inhibitor, demonstrated a 27-fold selectivity for inhibiting type V relative to type II, whereas 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl) adenine, a ribose-substituted P-site ligand, showed a markedly increased, 130-fold selectivity for inhibiting type V. Consequently, on the basis of the pharmacophore analysis of 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl) adenine and adenylyl cyclase, a novel non-nucleoside inhibitor, 2-amino-7-(2-furanyl)-7,8-dihydro-5(6H)-quinazolinone (NKY80), was identified after virtual screening of more than 850,000 compounds. NKY80 demonstrated a 210-fold selectivity for inhibiting type V relative to type II. More importantly, the combination of a type III-selective forskolin derivative and 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl) adenine or NKY80 demonstrated a further enhanced selectivity for type III stimulation over other isoforms. Our data suggest the feasibility of adenylyl cyclase isoform-targeted regulation of cyclic AMP signaling by pharmacological reagents, either alone or in combination.
A Case Study on Lightning Protection, Building Resonances Considered

In a recent paper (G. Bargboer and A. P. J. van Deursen, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 684-90, Aug. 2010) we dealt with current injection measurements to test the lightning protection system of a newly built pharmaceutical plant. In a tentative extrapolation, the measurements were extrapolated to actual lightning. Here, we extend the model and calculate the response of the installation on lightning currents and include resonances in the cable trays and test cables contained in it. It turned out that suspension rods between roof support and cable tray were indispensable to suppress the resonances. The time dependence of the present results and the earlier simplified model given in differ greatly, but the amplitudes of induced voltages appear to be of the same order of magnitude.
Dynamic single-unit representation of induction motor groups

The paper describes a method of representing a group of induction motor loads by a single-unit equivalent. The dynamic performance of the composite group following supply disturbances is examined using the single unit model. The representation employs the induction motor steady state equivalent circuit mad allows for effects of inertia and mechanical load characteristics. Experimental results are presented and compared with corresponding theoretical results using the proposed method as well as classical techniques of analysis. Sudden and gradual supply disturbances are considered, and different load torque-speed characteristics.
Feasibility of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Large Adrenal Masses

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is a preferred method for the removal of small adrenal masses. However, the role of LA for surgical treatment of large adrenal masses is less established. We evaluated the outcomes of LA for large (≥5 cm) adrenal masses. We retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive patients who underwent LA for large adrenal masses at a tertiary care university hospital. The average age of the 24 patients was 49 years, and each underwent laparoscopic resection of a large adrenal mass. All LAs were performed via a lateral transperitoneal approach. The average (± standard deviation) size of the masses was 6.8 ± 1.5 cm (range, 5–11). Pathologic diagnoses included adrenal cortical adenoma (10 cases), pheochromocytoma (7), cyst/pseudocyst (3), myolipoma (2), and adrenal cortical hyperplasia (2). Statistical analysis was performed with a two-sample t test. The average operating time was 178 ± 55 minutes (range, 120–300), and average blood loss was 87 ± 69 mL (range, 20–300); the averages were nonsignificantly greater in the right LA group than in the left LA group (203 vs. 166 minutes, P = 0.89; 124 vs. 77 mL, P = 0.14). The average duration of nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status was 0.7 days (range, 0–4), and the average time until return to a regular diet was 1.74 ± 0.9 days (range, 1–5). The average length of stay was 2.5 ± 1.9 days (range, 1–10). One patient had a transient episode of pseudomembranous colitis. There were no conversions to open adrenalectomy and no major morbidities or mortalities. LA is safe and effective for surgical treatment of large adrenal masses. Both right and left large adrenal masses can be approached laparoscopically with equal success. The role of minimally invasive approaches to adrenal malignancies necessitates further investigation.
Trial and Settlement: A Study of High-Low Agreements

This article presents the first systematic theoretical and empirical study of high-low agreements in civil litigation. A high-low agreement is a private contract that, if signed by litigants before trial, constrains any plaintiff’s recovery to a specified range. In our theoretical model, trial is both costly and risky. When litigants have divergent subjective beliefs and are mutually optimistic about their trial prospects, cases may fail to settle. In these cases, high-low agreements can be in litigants’ mutual interest because they limit the risk of outlier awards while still allowing mutually beneficial speculation. Using claims data from a national insurance company, we describe the features of these agreements and empirically investigate the factors that may influence whether litigants discuss or enter into them. Our empirical findings are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. Other applications include the use of collars in mergers and acquisitions.