Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bubbled RNA‐Based Cargo for Boosting RNA Interference

As ribonucleic acid (RNA) nanotechnology has advanced, it has been applied widely in RNA‐based therapeutics. Among the range of approaches, enzymatically synthesized RNA structures for inducing RNA interference in cancer cells have potential for silencing genes in a target‐specific manner. On the other hand, the efficiency of gene silencing needs to be improved to utilize the RNA‐based system for RNAi therapeutics. This paper introduces a new approach for efficient generation of siRNA from bubbled RNA‐based cargo (BRC). The presence of bubbles in between to avoid nonfunctional short dsRNAs allows the RNA‐based cargoes to contain multiple Dicer‐cleavage sites to release the functional siRNAs when introduced to cells. BRCs can be synthesized easily in a one‐pot process and be purified by simple centrifugation. Furthermore, efficient target gene silencing by the bubbled structure is confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this bubbled RNA cargo system can be utilized for target‐specific RNAi therapeutics with high efficiency in the generation of functional siRNAs in the target cells.
Planar Traveling Waves For Nonlocal Dispersion Equation With Monostable Nonlinearity

In this paper, we study a class of nonlocal dispersion equation with monostable nonlinearity in $n$-dimensional space u_t - J\ast u +u+d(u(t,x))= \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} f_\beta (y) b(u(t-\tau,x-y)) dy, u(s,x)=u_0(s,x), s\in[-\tau,0], \ x\in \mathbb{R}^n} \] where the nonlinear functions $d(u)$ and $b(u)$ possess the monostable characters like Fisher-KPP type, $f_\beta(x)$ is the heat kernel, and the kernel $J(x)$ satisfies ${\hat J}(\xi)=1-\mathcal{K}|\xi|^\alpha+o(|\xi|^\alpha)$ for $0 0$, and the critical wavefronts $\phi(x\cdot{\bf e}+c_*t)$ are globally stable in the algebraic form $t^{-n/\alpha}$. The adopted approach is Fourier transform and the weighted energy method with a suitably selected weight function. These rates are optimal and the stability results significantly develop the existing studies for nonlocal dispersion equations.
Pacemaker potentials in lymphatic smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig mesentery.

1. Intracellular microelectrode recordings have been made from lymphatic smooth muscle (SM) to investigate pacemaker mechanisms underlying lymphatic pumping. 2. The SM of small lymphangions or that of short segments, cut from lymphangions of any length, behaved similarly. Both preparations exhibited spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs) and exhibited simplified electrical characteristics approximating those of a spherical cell. 3. STDs were found to underlie activation of action potentials and hence constrictions. 4. The level of STD activity correlated to the pumping activity of lymphangions, the SM from more active chambers exhibiting increased STD activity. 5. Lymphatic SM exhibited STDs with properties similar to the STDs of mesenteric veins. STDs appeared to be of myogenic origin as they were present despite denervation or substantial destruction of the endothelium. 6. Noradrenaline enhanced the size and frequency of STDs. 7. STD activity was abolished by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+. 8. It is proposed that STDs provide a mechanism for pacemaking in the lymphatic SM studied here. Furthermore, it is postulated that STDs are the consequence of Ca(2+)‐dependent pulsatile release of an intracellular messenger, probably Ca2+ itself. This mechanism provides a novel means for pacemaking.
Differences in clinical presentation of deep vein thrombosis in men and women

Summary. Background: As assessment of clinical pretest probability is the first step in the diagnostic evaluation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), it is important to know if the clinical features of DVT are the same in men and women. Objectives: To compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DVT, and the accuracy of clinical pretest probability assessment, between men and women with suspected DVT. Methods: A retrospective analysis of individual patient data from three prospective studies by our group that evaluated diagnostic tests for a suspected first episode of DVT. Clinical characteristics, clinical pretest probability for DVT, and prevalence and extent of DVT was assessed in a total of 1838 outpatients. Results: The overall prevalence of DVT was higher in men than in women (14.4% vs. 9.4%) (P = 0.001). The prevalence of DVT was higher in men than in women who were categorized as having a clinical pretest probability that was low (6.9% vs. 3.5%; P = 0.025) or moderate (16.9% vs. 8.7%; P = 0.04), but similar in patients in the high category (40.2% vs. 44.0%; P = 0.6). In patients diagnosed with DVT, swelling of the entire leg occurred more often (41.5% vs. 15.7%; P < 0.001), and thrombosis was more extensive (involvement of both popliteal and common femoral veins in 47.9% vs. 21.6%), in women than in men. Conclusions: In outpatients with suspected DVT, the overall prevalence of thrombosis and the prevalence of thrombosis in those with a low or a moderate clinical pretest probability were higher in men than in women.
Smad7 Stabilizes β-Catenin Binding to E-cadherin Complex and Promotes Cell-Cell Adhesion*

β-Catenin functions both as an adherens junction adhesion protein and as an essential mediator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Wnts stabilize β-catenin and promote its accumulation in the nucleus, where it regulates transcription of the target genes. Here we show that Smad7 promotes cell-cell adhesion by stabilizing β-catenin and consequently increases the β-catenin-E-cadherin complex level at the plasma membrane. A Smad7-Axin interaction disassociates GSK-3β and β-catenin from Axin, as well as inhibits the recruitment of Smurf2, an E3 ligase, to β-catenin, thus protecting β-catenin from phosphorylation and degradation. Smad7 increases the stabilized β-catenin to form a complex with E-cadherin and stabilizes the E-cadherin-β-catenin complex. Thereby, rather than being translocated to the nucleus for regulating the target gene transcription, Smad7-stabilized-β-catenin is shunted to the E-cadherin complex to modulate cell-cell adhesion.
Explorations in Algorithmic Composition: Systems of Composition and Examination of Several Original Works

This paper examines the concepts and history of algorithmic composition, as well as looks at several example programs written in an attempt to further engage with the material at hand. An overview of the important events in the development of algorithmic composition is given, alongside discussions of several topics important to the understanding of algorithmic composition. A collection of custom programs is presented which form the body of my hands-on experience with algorithmic composition, along with several example pieces from each. Areas for future study are identified, and several complications and weaknesses encountered in the research process are addressed.
Research of Mobile Payment User and User Behavior

This study based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model discusses the factors which influence the mobile payment acceptance.Based on the literature review and reality,the research model is proposed.This model extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model integrates two factors which are perceived risk and cost.The research model was empirically tested using data collected from a survey of MP users.The analysis results indicate that social influence,performance expectancy and perceived risk have the significantly positive influence on the behaviorial intention to use.Among them,social influence has the most significant influence.However,the cost and effort expectancy have no significant influence on the behaviorial intention to use.The behaviorial intention to use has the significant influence on the actual use.However,facilitating conditions have no significant influence on the actual use.At the end,the paper discusses the result and the limitation.
Innovations in marketing of higher education: Foreign market entry mode of not-for-profit universities

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the innovations in the international activities of not-for-profit (NFP) universities. While the entry mode literature is well addressed, particularly by international marketing and business scholars, an academically interesting and managerially relevant question relates to the applicability of extant research to the emerging phenomenon of internationalization in the NFP sector. Design/methodology/approach – Using an inductive constructivist qualitative methodology grounded in 12 case studies of internationalization in the NFP education sector, this study applies Dunning’s eclectic framework as its theoretical anchor. Findings – This study identified that entry mode choice in the NFP context may not always be reconciled with extant literature derived mostly from a for-profit context. In particular, the broader definition of offshore equity investment is in sharp contrast to previous entry mode research which is largely, if not exclusively, grounded in a for.
[Antagonistic effects of vitamin E on the testicular injury by cyclophosphamide in mice].

OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effects of vitamin E on the testicular injury by cyclophosphamide in mice, and the correlative mechanism. METHODS Fifty sexually mature male mice were randomly divided into five groups: the cyclophosphamide group (the CP group), the low-dose vitamin E group (the low-dose group), the middle-dose vitamin E group (the middle-dose group), the high-dose vitamin E group (the high-dose group), the matched control group (the control group). The first four groups were given cyclophosphamide by gavage at a dose of 5 mg/(kg x d). The low-dose group, the middle-dose group and the high-dose group were given vitamin E by subcutaneous injection at doses of 30 mg/(kg x d), 50 mg/(kg x d) , 70 mg/(kg x d) after 4 h of cyclophosphamide treatment. The control group was gavaged with equivalent normal saline. The treatment period for all groups was 28 days. The level of plasma FSH, LH, T and the activity of testicular SOD, GSHPx, CAT and the level of testicular MDA were detected. The histological structure and the ultrastructure of the testis were examined by light microscope and electron microscope. RESULTS As compared with the CP group, the plasma FSH, LH, T level and the SOD, GSHPx, CAT activity in the middle-dose group and the high-dose group were higher (P< 0.05, P< 0.01), MDA level significantly lower(P<0.01). The histological structure and the ultrastructure of the testis were in the normal range. CONCLUSION Vitamin E has protective effects on the testicular injury by cyclophosphamide in mice. The possible mechanism of vitamin E may be its scavenging free radical and antioxidant effects, as well as it may have some stimulatory effects on gonadotrophin releasing of pituitary anterior lobe.
Bank Credit, Asset Prices and Financial Stability: Evidence from French Banks

This paper analyses the effect of asset prices on credit growth in France and tries to disentangle credit demand and supply factors, both for the whole 1993-2010 period and during periods of financial instability. Using bank-level panel data at a quarterly frequency, stock price growth is shown to have a significant effect on lending growth over the whole period, but without credit supply factors being singled out. By contrast, housing price growth has a significant effect during periods of financial instability only, even after controlling for credit demand effects. These results show that credit demand factors do play a large role but also provide evidence of tighter credit constraints on households in financial instability periods.
THE IMPACT OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CHANGE ON COMPANY VALUE: EVIDENCE FROM THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Past international studies on the effect of CEO turnover on a firm's share price performance have yielded inconsistent results. To establish the nature and magnitude of the relationship between the two variables in Kenya, this research was conducted, with a particular emphasis on NSE listed companies. The study used the Event Study methodology by looking at whether or not, Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) around the date of the announcement of CEO change in Kenya were significant. Using the standard event study methodology , the study found that CEO turnover has indeed had an impact on actual stock performance in Kenya. From the study findings it became apparent that company CEO exit announcements have had an impact on firm stock price in Kenya. The impact was however found to be varied, depending on the time period between the preand post-exit announcement date. From the analysis, it was established that there has been a significant negative reaction to such announcements three (3) to four (4) months before the exit date announcement. By the time it is two (2) months to the announcement date of CEO exit, all the way to five (5) months after the appointment of the new CEO. the reaction was found to be positive and sinificant. The study also found that in the period between 5 and 12 months prior to the announcement date and that from 6 months and beyond after the announcement date, investors' reaction was insignificant. Using the standard event study methodology, the stud}' found that CEO turnover has had an impact on actual stock performance in Kenya. This study which addressed shareholderwealth changes around the announcement of a CEO turnover in Kenya and found that a significant change in the volatility of the stock-price process around a change in firm leadership exists in the country . The volatility changes that follow a CEO turnover were therefore found to have a significant impact on the firm, and listed companies" boards should plan a succession strategy taking these effects into account.
THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EGGS TO THE COST OF REPRODUCTION

Whether the trade‐off between current and future reproduction in insect parasitoids is mediated by the costs of time or eggs remains an issue of contention. Life‐history models predict that parasitoids have some risk of exhausting their lifetime supply of oocytes. I develop a simple conceptual model that assesses the relative contributions of time and eggs to the cost of reproduction by placing them in a common currency: foregone future fitness returns. Although rates of egg limitation observed in nature are modest, eggs still often make the dominant contribution to the overall cost of oviposition. Therefore, models of parasitoid reproduction must recognize the costliness of both time and eggs.
TAF Eect on Liquidity Risk Exposures

Using a unique dataset, based on micro-banking data, we study banks’ liquidity and liability features depending on whether banks received credit from the Term Auction Facility (TAF) program. Moreover, we assess the impact of the TAF program on banks’ liquidity risk by employing a treatment-eect model with a binary dependent variable. The results suggest that, on average, banks that beneted from the TAF program exhibit ex ante higher levels of liquidity risk proxies and illiquid collateral. These banks drastically reduce their funding liquidity risk positions in the periods following the rst time they received the nancial support. Finally, TAF banks exhibit larger liquidity exposures reduction. This reduction is bigger, the larger the amount of reserves received. Several robustness checks conrm the main results. Our ndings document that the TAF program was eective at the bank level in decreasing funding
Participant Satisfaction With a Preference-Setting Tool for the Return of Individual Research Results in Pediatric Genomic Research

The perceived benefit of return of individual research results (IRRs) in accordance to participants’ preferences in genomic biobank research is unclear. We developed an online preference-setting tool for return of IRRs based on the preventability and severity of a condition, which included an opt-out option for IRRs for mental illness, developmental disorders, childhood-onset degenerative conditions, and adult-onset conditions. Parents of patients <18 years of age at Boston Children’s Hospital were randomized to the hypothetical scenario that their child was enrolled in one of four biobanks with different policies for IRRs to receive (a) “None,” (b) “All,” (c) “Binary”—choice to receive all or none, and (d) “Granular”—use the preference-setting tool to choose categories of IRRs. Parents were given a hypothetical IRRs report for their child. The survey was sent to 11,391 parents and completed by 2,718. The Granular group was the most satisfied with the process, biobank, and hypothetical IRRs received. The None group was least satisfied and least likely to agree that the biobank was beneficial (p < .001). The response to the statement that the biobank was harmful was not different between groups. Our data suggest that the ability to designate preferences leads to greater satisfaction and may increase biobank participation.
Foxl1 is a marker of bipotential hepatic progenitor cells in mice

The liver contains a population of small bipotential facultative progenitor cells that reconstitute liver function when mature hepatocytes or cholangiocytes are unable to proliferate. Mesenchymal markers, including members of the forkhead transcription factor gene family, have been detected in hepatic progenitor cells. The winged helix transcription factor Foxl1 localizes to mesenchymal cells in the intestine; however, its expression in the liver has not been reported. We found that Foxl1 is expressed in rare cells in the normal liver but is dramatically induced in the livers of mice that have undergone bile duct ligation or were fed a 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐containing or choline‐deficient, ethionine‐supplemented diet. In addition, we employed genetic lineage tracing using a Foxl1‐Cre transgenic mouse crossed with the Rosa26R lacZ reporter line to demonstrate that Foxl1‐Cre‐expressing cells are present within the periportal region shortly after injury. These cells give rise to both hepatocytes [marked by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF‐4α) expression] and cholangiocytes (marked by CK19 expression), indicating that these cells are derived from Foxl1‐Cre–expressing cells. Foxl1‐Cre–expressing cells are distinct from hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts, although they are located in close proximity to portal fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that the early Foxl1‐Cre lineage cell gives rise to both cholangiocytes and hepatocytes after liver injury and suggest the potential for progenitor‐portal fibroblast cell interactions. Conclusion: We propose that Foxl1 is a bona fide marker of the facultative progenitor cell in the mouse liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
EVALUATING A STORE LOCATION

Store Location Assessment Model (SLAM) was developed initially to assist retail management in the assessment of store locations. Used by many of the UK′s leading retailers has shown the benefit of using the model as a general retail performance evaluation tool in addition to its function of assessing store locations. The development of the model while concentrating on its key applications in setting performance targets for existing sites, rationalising property portfolios, enabling management to understand the interactions of their particular retailing environment, and being able to assess new store locations is discussed. SLAM is in use in various fields ranging from consumer electricals, dry cleaning, fast food, clothing and petroleum retailing. In each application the pertinent variables change as do their weightings.
Credit Decision Support Methodology for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): Indonesian Cases

xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Types of banks operating in Indonesia 2 1.3 An overview of the Indonesian banking industry 4 1.3.1 Stage 1: Supremacy of state-owned banks (1966 to 1981) 4 1.3.2 Stage 2: Supremacy of privately owned banks (1982–1997) 7 1.3.3 Stage 3: Supremacy of prudential banking (1998 to present) 9 1.4 Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) 15 1.4. 1 Definition of MSMEs in Indonesia 16 1.4. 2 An overview of MSME contribution to the Indonesian economy 17 1.4. 3 Problems with small business sustainability and growth 18 1.4. 4 Development policy for MSMEs 18 1.5 Bank credit risk assessment (CRA) 19 1.5. 1 Regulated assessment methodology for credit applications 20 1.5. 2 An overview of problems with credit risk assessment 21 1.5. 3 Credit risk assessment for MSMEs 21 1.5. 3.1 Microfinance institutions and microcredit 22 1.5. 3.2 An overview of types of finance available to MSMEs 23 1.5. 3.3 The need for reliable and appropriate credit risk indicators for MSMEs 25 1.6 Problem statement 27 1.7 Research objectives and significance 27 1.7. 1 Research objectives 27 1.7. 2 Research significance 27 1.7. 2.1 Scientific significance 27 1.7. 2.2 Socioeconomic significance 28 1.8 Research methodology 28 1.9 Thesis structure 29 CHAPTER 2 – CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES AND METHODS FOR MSMEs 31 2.
Estimation of Total Length of Femur from its Proximal and Distal Segmental Measurements of Disarticulated Femur Bones of Nepalese Population using Regression Equation Method.

INTRODUCTION Length of long bones is taken as an important contributor for estimating one of the four elements of forensic anthropology i.e., stature of the individual. Since physical characteristics of the individual differ among different groups of population, population specific studies are needed for estimating the total length of femur from its segment measurements. AIM Since femur is not always recovered intact in forensic cases, it was the aim of this study to derive regression equations from measurements of proximal and distal fragments in Nepalese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was done among 60 dry femora (30 from each side) without sex determination in anthropometry laboratory. Along with maximum femoral length, four proximal and four distal segmental measurements were measured following the standard method with the help of osteometric board, measuring tape and digital Vernier's caliper. Bones with gross defects were excluded from the study. Measured values were recorded separately for right and left side. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 11.5) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The value of segmental measurements were different between right and left side but statistical difference was not significant except for depth of medial condyle (p=0.02). All the measurements were positively correlated and found to have linear relationship with the femoral length. CONCLUSION With the help of regression equation, femoral length can be calculated from the segmental measurements; and then femoral length can be used to calculate the stature of the individual. The data collected may contribute in the analysis of forensic bone remains in study population.
CSR schemes in agribusiness: opening the black box

Purpose – The rise of CSR followed a demand for CSR standards and guidelines. In a sector already characterized by a large number of standards, the authors seek to ask what CSR schemes apply to agribusiness, and how they can be systematically compared and analysed.Design/methodology/approach – Following a deductive‐inductive approach the authors develop a model to compare and analyse CSR schemes based on existing studies and on coding qualitative data on 216 CSR schemes.Findings – The authors confirm that CSR standards and guidelines have entered agribusiness and identify a complex landscape of schemes that can be categorized on focus areas, scales, mechanisms, origins, types and commitment levels.Research limitations/implications – The findings contribute to conceptual and empirical research on existing models to compare and analyse CSR standards. Sampling technique and depth of analysis limit this research, but the authors offer insights into patterns of CSR standard development in agribusiness and poin.