Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFRASTRUCTURE, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA LAND BORDERS

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of infrastructure on economic growth and inequality in Indonesia land borders. Using static panel data regression and panel two stage least square (2SLS) estimation methods, this study shows that social infrastructure can raise per capita income. The social infrastructures being discussed are number of high schools and number of health facilities. Telecommunication facility can also raise per capita income. In addition, income inequality is found to be positively influenced by income per capita growth and industry sector laborer. It also suggests that infrastructure has indirect relation with income inequality through per capita income. Keywords: Land borders, infrastructure, economic growth, inequality JEL classification numbers: C23, C36, O15, O40, O53, I30, R11 Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan di perbatasan darat Indonesia. Menggunakan metode estimasi regresi data panel statis dan panel two stage least square (2SLS), penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur sosial dapat meningkatkan pendapatan per kapita. Infrastruktur sosial yang dibahas adalah jumlah sekolah tinggi dan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan. Fasilitas telekomunikasi juga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan per kapita. Selain itu, ketimpangan pendapatan ditemukan secara positif dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan pendapatan perkapita dan buruh sektor industri. Paper ini juga menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur memiliki hubungan tidak langsung dengan ketimpangan pendapatan melalui pendapatan per kapita. Keywords: Perbatasan darat, infrastruktur, pertumbuhan ekonomi, ketimpangan JEL classification numbers: C23, C36, O15, O40, O53, I30, R11
The Cross Section of Common Stock Returns: A Review of the Evidence and Some New Findings

In this paper we review the evidence on the cross-sectional behaviour of common stock returns in the US and other equity markets around the world. Since the early 1980's, a growing number of empirical studies have documented the presence of persistent cross-sectional patterns in stock returns that do not support one of the fundamental tenets of modern finance: expected stock returns are determined by their level of beta risk through a positive and linear relationship known as the capital asset pricing model, or CAPM.
Leptin Regulates the Expression of Autophagy-related Genes in Chickens

Autophagy or cellular self-digestion, a lysosomal degradation pathway that is conserved from yeast to human, plays a key role in recycling cellular constituents, including damaged organelles. It also plays a pivotal role in the adaptation of cells to a plethora of distinct stressors including starvation. Autophagy has been extensively studied in mammals and yeast, but little is known in avian species. Thus, the major objective of the present study was to determine the effects of leptin on autophagy-related genes in chicken hypothalamus, muscle and liver. Leptin is an adipocytokine that is mostly produced by white adipose cells in mammals (as fat storage increases), mediating sensing mechanism for fat deposition, signaling the brain via leptin receptor-mediated signal transduction to inhibit feed intake and increase energy expenditure. In the present study, recombinant chicken leptin (625 pmol, 10 μL) diluted in artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) in one week-old Hubbard x Cobb 500 chicks (n=10) and feed intake was recorded at 30, 60 and 180 min after injection. At the end of the experiment, hypothalamii, muscle, and liver were collected for gene expression and protein level analysis. Leptin significantly reduce feed intake after 30 min compared to the control group. ICV administration of both chicken and ovine leptin significantly down-regulated genes (mRNA and protein levels) in hypothalamic and muscle tissues. In the muscle, leptin upregulates the expression of AMPKβ1 and AMPKΥ1, and downregulates the expression of mTOR, upstream regulator of autophagy pathway. Expectedly, there were upregulations of leptin receptors, ObR (P<0.05). Our results support a novel link between metabolic control and autophagy that warrant further investigations.
Urban air environmental health indicators for Kuala Lumpur city

Air environmental health indicators were defined operationally as a combination of “air quality” and “air-related health” indicators. Clean air is a basic precondition of human health. Air pollutants had been identified with potential negative impact on health especially on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, studies are necessary to identify and understand the state of environmental health. This study was aimed to examine and analyse the air environmental health condition in city of Kuala Lumpur by using a set of indicators. House to house questionnaire survey was carried out to collect air-related health data, and air quality sampling was carried out to identify ambient air quality level of the city. In general, city of Kuala Lumpur was found to have a “moderate level” of air quality. Air-related illnesses indicated by acute respiratory infection and asthma were found to be higher in more developed or higher density zones, as compared to other zones. Besides, air-related illnesses were significantly correlated to respondents’ exposure to air pollution. The findings imply that human health can be improved by managing the urban development and its environmental quality properly.
Redenomination Policy and Economic Performance: Experimental and Historical Approach

The discourse of redenomination policy has existed since 2010. This research analyzes impact of economic growth, type of goods, transitions period and redenomination stages towards economic performance which measured from the change in the price of transactions and the number of transactions. This research used primary data and secondary data; the primary data was collected through experimental economy. The percentage of the change in price of transactions after redenomination in low economic growth condition showed an increase, while in high economic growth condition showed a decrease. Secondary data was gathered to analyze the deciding factor in the success of redenomination through logistic analysis method. The result showed that the variable of economic growth, unemployment rate and the level of democratization in a country affect the success of the implementation of redenomination DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i2. 6568
Competition, specialisation and stratification: academic outcomes of the government school system in Melbourne, Australia

Following the increase in the school-aged population as a result of the post-war baby boom, Australia, like many other nations, established a large comprehensive public school system. This system was not only designed to cope with the growth in school enrolments, but also to provide a well rounded education and promote social cohesion. However, unlike many other comparable nations, Australia’s non-government school sector has also played an extensive role in the provision of school education – a role which has grown substantially over the past couple of decades. Since the mid-1990s, enrolments in government secondary schools have been decreasing. As a result, pressure for maintaining enrolments and favourable outcomes has led to curriculum specialisation among government schools in metropolitan Melbourne – creating two groups of schools, divided according to socioeconomic status. One group has successfully increased academic outcomes; the other group no longer bothers to compete academically and has instead adopted a vocational focus. For other nations with small, but growing private school systems, these results highlight the dynamics of an increasingly competitive education system and the impact that it can have on the opportunities available to government school students, particularly those in areas of low socioeconomic status. Introduction The Australian population experienced a boom following the Second World War, courtesy of a rising birth rate and high migration levels. There was also an increase in prosperity in Australia as a result of industrial growth and developments in primary production (Keeves 1990b). This rise in population and improvement in general wellbeing fuelled new ideas about the value of education, and an increase in school enrolments, particularly in secondary schools (the final six years of schooling in Australia). Governments across the states of Australia responded to these aspirations by developing comprehensive government secondary school systems that offered a wide ranging curriculum and were available to all students regardless of class, race or religion. However, in the mid to late 1970s, enrolment growth in the government sector slowed as parents began to choose non-government schools over the government comprehensive system. A key reason for this change in enrolments in favour of the non-government sector, which comprises Catholic schools and ‘other nongovernment’ or independent schools, was the introduction of recurrent funding for these schools in the early 1970s. This parallelled other changes in public policy in the mid to late 1970s as ideas related to economic liberalism began to re-emerge (Quiggin 2005). The growth in non-government school sectors changed the dynamics of Australian education creating fierce competition for enrolments and successful academic outcomes. The comprehensive system of government schooling came under pressure in this more competitive setting.
A low-cost technique to measure bank erosion processes along middle-size river reaches

Abstract. Diverse methods are currently available to measure river bank erosion at broad-ranging temporal and spatial scales. Yet, no technique provides low-cost and high-resolution to survey small-scale bank processes along a river reach. We investigate the capabilities of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry applied with imagery from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to describe the evolution of riverbank profiles in middle-size rivers. The bank erosion cycle is used as a reference to assess the applicability of different techniques. We surveyed 1.2 km of a restored bank of the Meuse River eight times within a year, combining different photograph perspectives and overlaps to identify an efficient UAV flight to monitor banks. The accuracy of the Digital Surface Models (DSMs) was evaluated compared with RTK GPS points and an Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) of the whole reach. An oblique perspective with eight photo overlaps was sufficient to achieve the highest relative precision to observation distance of ~1:1400, with 10 cm error range. A complementary nadiral view increased coverage behind bank toe vegetation. The DSM and ALS had comparable accuracies except on banks, where the latter overestimates elevations. Sequential DSMs captured signatures of the erosion cycle such as mass failures, slump-block deposition, and bank undermining. Although this technique requires low water levels and banks without dense vegetation, it is a low-cost method to survey reach-scale riverbanks in sufficient resolution to quantify bank retreat and identify morphological features of the bank failure and erosion processes.
Mapping a Way to a European Public Sphere

In its recent White Paper on a European Communication Policy, the European Commission has promised a “fundamentally new approach”. The policy is meant to narrow the communication gap looming between the European Union and its citizens and ultimately to map a way towards the development of a European public sphere. In contrast to the socalled ‘Action Plan’ for improving the Commission’s own communication from July 2005, the White Paper is addressed to the EU as a whole, including other central institutions, member states, European political parties and even ‘civil society’. The purpose of this Policy Brief is to critically evaluate the proposals emanating from the White Paper and to advance several suggestions aimed at helping the current initiative to have a more tangible and long-term effect than its many predecessors, authored by Messrs Tindemans, Adonnino, Oostlander, DeClerq, Pex or Pinheiro.
Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Bivalvia): origin of the Polish population and GenBank data

D DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 gene were analysed in 4 new local populations of Sinanodonta woodiana (Bivalvia) in Poland, in the first reported Polish population, and in a population from Hungary. The gene sequences of Polish specimens were identical to those of specimens from Hungary, Italy and Ukraine, but different from those of Romanian specimens (data from GenBank). According to fish farm documentation, S. woodiana had spread in Poland by 2 routes: i) direct import of fish infected by glochidia of S. woodiana from Hungary; and ii) indirectly, by the major distributor of thermophilous fish in Poland, Goslawice Fish Farm, which started to import Hungarian fish in the 1960s. The genetic analysis and available documentation unambiguously confirm that Polish populations of S. woodiana derive from a source population in Hungary. In addition, we noticed doubtful identification of this species in GenBank data and further research is needed to resolve this problem.
Ion-Collision Emission Excitation Cross Sections for Xenon Electric Thruster Plasmas

56pto5p 5 6stransitionsofneutralxenonimpactedbysinglyanddoublychargedxenonions.The cross sections were measured over a laboratory energy-per-charge-number range of 100 to 900 eV, a range that covers typical Hall effect thruster discharge voltages. The cross sections are derived from ion beam luminescence spectraproducedatsingle-collisionconditionsandatpressuresforwhichradiationtrappingeffectswereshowntobe negligible. The Xe cross sections are significantly higher than those of Xe 2 and increase with energy throughout theinvestigatedrange.TheXe 2 crosssectionsplateauatapproximately600eV.Thecrosssectionsareincorporated in a collisional-radiative model. The calculations of near-infrared spectra demonstrate that the sensitivity of the model diagnostic with respect to electron temperature increases with ion energy.
The Eect of Equity Market Integration on the Transmission of Monetary Policy Shocks. Evidence from Australia

This paper investigates the eects of equity market integration on the transmission of monetary policy shocks. Based on the assumption that …nancial market liberalization and integration lead to falling portfolio holding costs, we analyze its eect on a two-country DSGE model with staggered prices and endogenous portfolio choice under incomplete markets. The model predicts that the reaction of stock prices, output and RER becomes muted upon impact and less persistence with falling portfolio holding costs. To test for a similar pattern in the data, we estimate a VAR with rolling coe¢ cients for Australia, which provides a good case study. We identify a monetary policy shock with the sign restriction approach. The impulse responses generated by the data are consistent with the prediction of the model and imply that equity market liberalization seems to weaken the impact of monetary policy, at least on stock prices .
Governance Quality Indicator: A Necessarily Local Approach of Calculation

The revolution in the Arab world shows that governance variables are as important as are theclassical variables (capital and labour). The denial of political rights, respect of lows andaccountability leads to inefficiency and low rate of economic growth in the long run. Over thelast 15 years, most of the World Bank studies have focused on development of standardsgovernance indicators which do not take into consideration the realities of developing countriessuch as Tunisia. Many countries have adopted these indicators to measure their governancequality. Yet none, to our knowledge, has attempted to define its local governance indicators. Thepurpose of this study is to show the need for developing a local governance indicator. Thefollowing variables have been selected: contract intensive money, foreign direct investment,scientific and technical articles produced and budgetary policy of the State to elaborate a localgovernance indicator.Our results indicate that governance variables affect economic growth. According to ourresults, improving the financial sector, scientific research and State spending policy can enhanceeconomic growth.
The impact of corporate governance on firm performance: a study on selected insurance companies in Ethiopia

The core aim of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and the firm performance of selected Ethiopian insurance firms. To achieve the objectives of the study, the data were collected from a sample of 10 insurance companies for the financial year covering 2008 to 2012. Variables such as board size, board composition, firm size, board gender diversity and leverage was considered as predictors of the firm performance that was measured employing the return on equity (ROE). Secondary data were collected using documentary information from company annual financial statements and the data were analyzed using a panel data regression analysis by using STATA 11. The regression result shows that board gender diversity, firm size and leverage positively influence the financial performance of selected insurance firms in Ethiopia and they are significant based on return on equity (ROE); whereas board size and board composition have statistically insignificant impact on financial performance, but board size influence negatively and board composition influence positively the financial performance of selected insurance firms in Ethiopia. The study recommended that the insurance industries encourage women to participate in corporate top position or in the board of directors to enhance financial performance and attention should be given to increase total assets of the insurance firms to improve financial performance.
Hygiene and Motivational Factors that Influence Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction among Teachers of Public Primary Schools in Kisumu East and West Sub counties, Kenya: An analytical Study

Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction influence work performance among professionals. This is because the production of any formal organization, educational institutions inclusive depends mainly on how well the employees perform their tasks, which in turn is dependent upon the level of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among the workers. In the educational sector, teachers are important as they facilitate the learning process by imparting relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes to the learners. For this important role that they play, factors that influence their level of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in their teaching career should be established. Even though there has been a lot of improvement on the teachers’ welfare, there are still many problems facing this cadre of professionals especially at the primary level, where their status, qualifications, professional identity and conditions of service seems to have been neglected. Indicators of job dissatisfaction like cases of absenteeism, low productivity, high staff turnover and low team morale seem to characterize teachers in Kisumu East and West Sub counties. The study found out that the factors that influenced job satisfaction of teachers in public primary schools were job security, cordial working relations with colleagues, good medical services, security, good transport and recognition by general society. On the other hand, the factors that influenced Job dissatisfaction of teachers in public primary schools were low salary, lack of fringe benefits, inadequate physical facilities, poor schemes of service in terms of promotion, lack of opportunities for professional and academic advancement and work overload. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the Teachers Service Commission and the Ministry of Education should put in place and improve on the factors like salary, working conditions, and methods of promotion that greatly increase teacher loyalty and satisfaction with the job in order to perform well in their work. The findings of this study are important to stakeholders in the education sector, particularly to the educational administrators and policy makers in operationalizing the factors like improved salaries and methods of promotion necessary for teacher job satisfaction in Kisumu East and West Sub counties.
Integrable systems and holomorphic curves

In this paper we attempt a self-contained approach to infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems appearing from holomorphic curve counting in Gromov-Witten theory. It consists of two parts. The first one is basically a survey of Dubrovin's approach to bihamiltonian tau-symmetric systems and their relation with Frobenius manifolds. We will mainly focus on the dispersionless case, with just some hints on Dubrovin's reconstruction of the dispersive tail. The second part deals with the relation of such systems to rational Gromov-Witten and Symplectic Field Theory. We will use Symplectic Field theory of $S^1\times M$ as a language for the Gromov-Witten theory of a closed symplectic manifold $M$. Such language is more natural from the integrable systems viewpoint. We will show how the integrable system arising from Symplectic Field Theory of $S^1\times M$ coincides with the one associated to the Frobenius structure of the quantum cohomology of $M$.
Preliminary results for the biochemical profile before slaughtering and meat quality of three commercial beef hybrids.

This research is subscribed of an extensive project that has as main objective the production of crossbred specialized beef hybrids from reformed Romanian Black Spotted cattle’s with bulls from breeds specialized in meat production (Blue Blanch Belgique, Aberdeen-Angus and Limousin). The average biochemical indicators analyzed showed a normal state of animal's health. The obtained half-breeds products (bulls) were raised under semi-intensive conditions and slaughtered at 12 months of age. Live weight, back-fat thickness and carcass traits were significantly influenced by breed, all fat parameters being lower at this age than at the standard minimum age of slaughter for meat production (18 months). Drip loss and chemical composition were similar for the breeds. The meat was lighter and pH24 values of longissimus muscle were between 5.57 and 5.64. Sensory panel tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force values indicated tougher meat at RBSxAA than at RBSxLi or RBSxBBB. Differences in meat quality were probably due to the combined effects of raw chemical composition and pH dynamics during ripening. It was concluded that slaughtering steers at younger ages may require supplementary feeding; the recommended slaughter age was between 18 and 25 months old.