Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indicator-based cooperative coevolution for multi-objective optimization

Cooperative coevolutionary algorithms (CCAs) are extensions of traditional Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) that have a lot of potential in addressing some problems on which EAs tend to perform poorly. CCAs have become an important area of research within evolutionary computation and since the cooperative coevolutionary framework was extended to multi-objective optimization, a number of approaches have been proposed incorporating it as a means for improving the performance of multi-objective EAs. The advantage of CCAs is the decomposition of the problem they use, which allows us to learn different parts of the problem instead of the whole problem at once. Cooperative coevolution has a symbiotic approach that evolves species populations (each one managing a part of the problem) which are evaluated based on how well they perform together. In order to form a solution, an individual from each species is selected and combined with the other selected individuals. The solution is then evaluated and the individuals that make up the solution are scored based on the fitness of the combined solution. The way this selection to collaborate is done is a key issue in a cooperative coevolutionary framework. However, the usual approach that has been used in Cooperative Coevolutionary Multi-objective EAs (CCMOEAs) is a method based on Pareto optimality. In this work, we present a novel collaboration formation mechanism for CCMOEAs based on the use of the hypervolume indicator. Our preliminary results confirm the impact that the collaboration mechanism has on the performance of CCMOEAs and indicate that our proposed framework clearly improves the results obtained by a CCMOEA whose selection mechanism for collaboration is based on Pareto optimality.
“Tell me who you talk to, and I’ll tell you how you talk”: Comparing the language use of two interaction based clusters of people in a single Usenet newsgroup

This paper discusses a quantitative analysis of the variation of a number of linguistic features in a corpus of Computer Mediated Communication. We start from the the hypothesis that social interaction is a predictor of linguistic variation, independent of demographic background. The hypothesis is tested by means of a study on a corpus of on-line discussions in Usenet. We selected the highly active “be.politics” newsgroup during the year 2009. This newsgroup allows Dutch speaking Belgians to debate current political affairs. Within this newsgroup, we identified two clusters of users, by means of their interaction patterns. To ensure that these clusters are not confounded or motivated by the demographic background of its members, we performed a computerassisted semi-automatic qualitative analysis of personal information that the members self-reveal. It appeared that that the interaction-based clusters were not confounded nor motivated by the demographic background of its members. Then, the usage of a number of linguistic features is counted in the two clusters and compared by means of Analyses of Variance. We’ll show that some linguistic features show significant variation between these clusters. Consequently, we claim that social interaction is a possible predictor for linguistic variation in the case of a Usenet newsgroup on Belgian politics. Further research will show whether this finding can be extrapolated to other registers and topics.
Differential production of interleukin-12 mRNA by murine macrophages in response to viable or killed Salmonella spp

The use of attenuated Salmonella spp. as live oral vaccine carriers fo r foreign antigens has been extensively studied. We have shown that appropriately prepared nonviable organisms are as effective as viable organisms in eliciting humoral immune responses against a foreign antigen delivered by these vectors. It is not clear how strain viability affects the development of a cell-mediated immune response. In the present study, we demonstrate that BALB/c mice orally immunized with viable attenuated Salmonella spp. were protected against subsequent challenge while animals immunized with killed organisms were not. Protection was correlated with increased production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 mRNA in the Peyer's patches within hours of oral administration. Peritoneal macrophages from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive and LPS-unresponsive mice were also examined for production of IL-12 p40 mRNA following exposure to the viable or killed attenuated Salmonella carrier. There was dramatic upregulation of IL-12 p40 mRNA following exposure of macrophages to either viable or killed organisms. By 4 h postexposure, viable organisms had induced a 27-fold increase in IL-12 p40 mRNA levels while killed organisms had induced a 9-fold increase in IL-12 p40 mRNA levels. This was observed in macrophages isolated from both LPS-responsive and unresponsive mice. The higher levels of IL-12 induced by viable Salmonella spp. may result in the development of a Th1 response and cell mediated immunity, while the lower levels of IL-12 induced by killed Salmonella spp. may not be sufficient to promote a Th1 response.
A review of olanzapine-associated toxicity and fatality in overdose.

OBJECTIVE Given the increasing use of atypical antipsychotics in psychiatric populations and the very limited data concerning the safety of such drugs, we examined the available data on olanzapine in untreated overdose situations. METHODS Available toxicity data concerning olanzapine were obtained from the Offices of the Medical Examiners of Canada, the Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program and a review of the literature. RESULTS Despite the complexities and limitations of postmortem data analysis, 29 deaths were identified where an overdose of olanzapine was either the principal cause of toxicity or a significant contributor in combined toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine is associated with toxicity in certain overdose situations, but evidence of any relation is limited and likely influenced by the higher rates of cardiovascular disease and sudden death in subjects with schizophrenia. RECOMMENDATIONS Similar toxicity data reviews should be conducted for all commonly prescribed psychotropics. Early signal detection and effective notification processes are crucial in the event that serious adverse effects do occur.
The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM-III-R): a longitudinal-epidemiological study.

The latent structure and stability of 10 common mental disorders were examined in a birth cohort at ages 18 and 21. A 2-factor model, in which some disorders were presumed to reflect internalizing problems and others were presumed to reflect externalizing problems, provided a more optimal fit to the data than either a 1- or a 4-factor model. To a significant extent, persons in the sample retained their relative positions on the latent factors across the 3-year period from age 18 to age 21. Results offer potential clarification of the meaning of comorbidity in psychopathology research by suggesting that comorbidity may results from common mental disorders being reliable, covariant indicators of stable, underlying "core psychopathological processes. "
Microbicidal and cytotoxic effects of functional water in vitro.

OBJECTIVE Several kinds of functional water are used in the fields of food hygiene and medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the disinfection and cytotoxic effects of functional water in comparison with commonly used root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite solution and hydrogen peroxide solution. METHOD AND MATERIALS Three kinds of functional water were examined: alkaline electrolysis water (AEW), strong acid electrolyzed water (SAEW), and hypochlorous acid water (HAW). The disinfection effect was studied using Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans with or without organic substance. Each kind of functional water was applied to samples, and the colony formation was evaluated. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by mitogenic assay (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in pulp cells. RESULTS SAEW and HAW showed microbicidal effects in the presence of organic substance, with an effect almost similar to sodium hypochlorite solution. AEW did not show any microbicidal effect. SAEW, AEW, and HAW at 10- and 1,000-times dilution did not inhibit the MTT assay and ALPase activity. The cytotoxicity of SAEW and HAW against pulp cells was mild compared to that of sodium hypochlorite solution. CONCLUSION Functional water like SAEW and HAW have a good microbicidal effect under existing organic substance and are also mild to pulp cells.
The impacts of organisational justice and psychological resilience on employee commitment to change in an M&A context

Many firms have carried out organisational change, such as mergers and acquisitions, to adapt to the rapidly changing business environment. During such changes, it is crucial for firms to provide an environment that will enhance employees’ psychological stability and commitment to change. Therefore, this study explores factors that increase employee commitment to change during mergers and acquisitions and identifies the process that forms commitment to change. To achieve the research goals, the study uses conservation of resources theory to extract factors that may influence employees’ commitment to change: three types of organisational justice are extracted as an organisational resource and psychological resilience (PR) is extracted as an individual resource. The study also applies psychological contract theory to extract mediators that link resources and employee commitment to change during the merger and acquisition process. The study empirically examines the research model using a structural equation model, based on 222 respondents who experienced mergers and acquisitions in South Korea. The three types of organisational justice and PR have positive relationships with affective commitment to change through the relational contract. Interactional justice, one type of organisational justice, and PR have negative relationships with continuance commitment to change through the transactional contract. This study may call human resource managers’ attention to the importance of employees’ psychological stability and may suggest possible ways to increase employees’ affective commitment to change in situations where there are frequent changes, such as mergers and acquisitions.
The Longitudinal Examination of Arthritis Pain (LEAP) study: relationships between weekly fluctuations in patient-rated joint pain and other health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between weekly fluctuations in self-rated joint pain and other health outcomes among adults with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS In this observational study, 287 adults (aged > or = 50 yrs) with hip or knee OA were recruited from 16 medical practices across the United States. Patients were telephoned weekly for 12 weeks to assess pain/stiffness, daily activities/function, productivity, emotional well-being, quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Associations between changes in joint pain levels and other health outcomes were evaluated using a generalized estimating equation model. RESULTS The mean (SD) pain score at Week 1 was 4.2 (2.1) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index (WOMAC) pain subscale (0 = no pain, 10 = extreme pain); during the study, 49% of patients reported a between-week fluctuation of > or = 2 points. A 2-point decrease in WOMAC pain subscale score was associated with a 22% decrease in number of days of limited activity/week (beta = -0.107; 95% confidence interval -0.163, -0.051); a 48% decrease in number of days of missed work/week (beta = -0.217; 95% CI -0.395, -0.039); a 14% decrease in number of nights with pain-related sleep interference/week (beta = -0.068; 95% CI -0.109, -0.027). Patients were 1.6 times more likely to contact a healthcare provider when their pain changed from "acceptable" to "unacceptable. " CONCLUSION Weekly fluctuations in pain levels and other health outcomes were identified among adults with OA. Decreases in patient-reported pain were associated with improvements in daily activities/functioning and decreases in work absenteeism, sleep interference, and healthcare resource use.
The Nonarthritic Hip Score: Reliable and Validated

The purpose of the current study was to assess the validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of a short, self-administered hip score designed for use in younger patients with higher demands and expectations than older patients with degenerative joint disease. Validity and internal consistency was studied with 48 consecutive patients with a mean age of 33 years with intractable hip pain and normal plain radiographs. Reproducibility was assessed from data on an additional random sample of 17 patients with hip pain. The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.82 and 0.59 between the nonarthritic hip score and the Harris hip score and Short Form-12, respectively showing validity. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha measuring the internal consistency within each of the score’s four domains ranged from 0.69 to 0.92. The test and retest reproducibility ranged from 0.87 to 0.95 for the four subsets and was 0.96 overall. This short, self-administered questionnaire regarding hip pain in young patients with increased activity demands and high treatment expectations is valid compared with previous measures of hip performance, is internally consistent, and is reproducible.
Ultrasound in speech therapy with adolescents and adults

The present paper comprises an overview of techniques using ultrasound in speech (re)habilitation. Ultrasound treatment techniques have been developed for English lingual stops, vowels, sibilants, and liquids. These techniques come from a series of small n studies with adolescents and adults with severe hearing impairment, residual speech impairment or accented speech at the Interdisciplinary Speech Research Laboratory at the University of British Columbia. Ultrasound allows excellent visualization of tongue shape features, which is especially useful for feedback during speech (re)habilitation. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in speech (re)habilitation.
Patient-reported outcome and survivorship after Kinemax total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND We examined the long-term survivorship and patient-reported outcomes at a minimum of ten years following primary total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesized (1) that the survival rate would be at least 90% at ten years; (2) that age, gender, body-mass index, and primary diagnosis would not affect the survival rate; and (3) that the functional status of patients would be comparable with that of an age and gender-matched normal population. METHODS A total of 407 patients (523 knees) who had had primary total knee arthroplasty between January 1988 and April 1991 were identified. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was sixty-nine years, and 68% of the patients were women. At ten years, 165 patients (211 knees) had died; seven of these 211 knees had been revised before the time of death. Of the remaining 242 patients, 208 (86%) completed a questionnaire, which included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and questions regarding patient satisfaction and revision surgery. In the group of patients who participated in the study, ten patients (eleven knees) had had a revision before the review. RESULTS A total of eighteen knees were revised. Twelve knees were revised because of aseptic failure and, of these, nine were revised because of polyethylene wear. The probability of survival at ten years was 96.1% with revision for any reason as the end point (and 97.2% when only aseptic failures were considered). Because of the small number of failures, we were unable to draw conclusions about associations between failure and age, gender, diagnosis, and body-mass index. The mean WOMAC scores (and standard deviation) at the time of the evaluation were 88 +/- 17 for pain and 79 +/- 20 for function. The SF-36 scores were similar to those for an age and gender-matched normal population, with only the physical functioning score being significantly lower (p < 0.001) and with the general health score being significantly higher (p < 0.001). Patients generally were very satisfied with all aspects of the outcome. CONCLUSIONS At ten years, the survival of the prosthesis was excellent and the majority of patients were functionally independent, had very little knee pain, and were very satisfied with the result. The health benefits of this total knee arthroplasty were maintained after a minimum duration of follow-up of ten years.
Genetic boundaries of the schizophrenia spectrum: evidence from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Identification of the genetically related disorders in the putative schizophrenia spectrum is an unresolved problem. Data from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia, which was designed to disentangle genetic and environmental factors influencing risk for schizophrenia, were used to examine clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adopted-away offspring of mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHOD Subjects were 190 adoptees at broadly defined genetic high risk who had biological mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including a subgroup of 137 adoptees at narrowly defined high risk whose mothers had DSM-III-R schizophrenia. These high-risk groups, followed to a median age of 44 years, were compared diagnostically with 192 low-risk adoptees whose biological mothers had either a non-schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis or no lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. RESULTS In adoptees whose mothers had schizophrenia, the mean lifetime, age-corrected morbid risk for narrowly defined schizophrenia was 5.34% (SE=1.97%), compared to 1.74% (SE=1.00%) for low-risk adoptees, a marginally nonsignificant difference. In adoptees whose mothers had schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the mean age-corrected morbid risk for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder was 22.46% (SE=3.56%), compared with 4.36% (SE=1.51%) for low-risk adoptees, a significant difference. Within the comprehensive array of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, schizotypal personality disorder was found significantly more often in high-risk than in low-risk adoptees. The frequency of the group of nonschizophrenic nonaffective psychoses collectively differentiated high-risk and low-risk adoptees, but the frequencies of the separate disorders within this category did not. The two groups were not differentiated by the prevalence of paranoid personality disorder and of affective disorders with psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS In adopted-away offspring of mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the genetic liability for schizophrenia-related illness (with the rearing contributions of the biological mothers disentangled) is broadly dispersed. Genetically oriented studies of schizophrenia-related disorders and studies of genotype-environment interaction should consider not only narrowly defined, typical schizophrenia but also schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders and nonschizophrenic nonaffective psychoses.
Facilitating change and evaluating impact during a neonatal intensive care redevelopment: A participatory action research project

Background: Research has highlighted transitioning to the new design may be challenging for staff. To facilitate the transition to a new NICU we have searched literature to find strategies other units have implemented during their transition. Methodology: Literature was retrieved via electronic and manual searches of searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct and Cochrane databases. A list of keywords directed our search: Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Hospital Design and Construction, Single Room Design, Change Management and Staff Attitude to Change. Results: Seven articles provided detailed outlines of the strategies they implemented during transition to single room design. Our search has also highlighted the limited published work on solving staff issues post transition. Conclusion: This review provides an outline of strategies to facilitate the transition when changing NICU design. Future research that specifically targets the issues highlighted by staff may assist in finding long term solutions for those transitioning to a new NICU design.
The Cold War and environmental history: complementary fields

Abstract The Cold War was not only for the hearts and minds of people, it was also for their mouths and bellies, that is, for food, energy and raw materials. This signified a global power struggle over the control of natural resources. In addition to the increasing consumption of natural resources and resulting pollution, the destructive capacity of the weapons of mass destruction compelled human beings to recognise that their activities could ultimately endanger the planet earth. The Cold War was a propagator and framework for the birth of global catastrophism and also for the emergence of a global environmental awareness. Nature, its exploitation and also gradually its protection, opened up yet another front in the Cold War. Yet the relationship between the Cold War and the environment was reciprocal. On the one hand, concerns over environmental contamination or destruction called into question the meaningfulness of the Cold War itself. On the other hand, the specific sociopolitical structures of the Cold War deeply affected the emergence of environmental ideas, ideals, organisations and activities in different continents.
How Useful Is Electroencephalography in the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Delineation of Subtypes: A Systematic Review

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are thought to be associated with abnormal neural connectivity. Presently, neural connectivity is a theoretical construct that cannot be easily measured. Research in network science and time series analysis suggests that neural network structure, a marker of neural activity, can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG). EEG can be quantified by different methods of analysis to potentially detect brain abnormalities. The aim of this review is to examine evidence for the utility of three methods of EEG signal analysis in the ASD diagnosis and subtype delineation. We conducted a review of literature in which 40 studies were identified and classified according to the principal method of EEG analysis in three categories: functional connectivity analysis, spectral power analysis, and information dynamics. All studies identified significant differences between ASD patients and non-ASD subjects. However, due to high heterogeneity in the results, generalizations could not be inferred and none of the methods alone are currently useful as a new diagnostic tool. The lack of studies prevented the analysis of these methods as tools for ASD subtypes delineation. These results confirm EEG abnormalities in ASD, but as yet not sufficient to help in the diagnosis. Future research with larger samples and more robust study designs could allow for higher sensitivity and consistency in characterizing ASD, paving the way for developing new means of diagnosis.