Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physician Perspectives on Colorectal Cancer Surveillance Care in a Changing Environment

The purpose of this formative qualitatively driven mixed-methods study was to refine a measurement tool for use in interventions to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) surveillance care. We employed key informant interviews to explore the attitudes, practices, and preferences of four physician specialties. A national survey, literature review, and expert consultation also informed survey development. Cognitive pretesting obtained participant feedback to improve the survey’s face and content validity and reliability. Results showed that additional domains were needed to reflect contemporary interdisciplinary trends in survivorship care, evolving practice changes and current health policy. Observed dissonance in specialists’ perspectives poses challenges for the development of interventions and psychometrically sound measurement. Implications for future research include need for a flexible care model with enhanced communication and role definitions among clinical specialists, improvements in surveillance at multilevels (patients, providers, and systems), and measurement tools that focus on multispecialty involvement and the changing practice and policy environment.
Stepping Back and Listening

Previous research has highlighted that acute care provision can lead to a loss of confidence, control, and independent functioning in older adult patients. In addition, it is recognized that interactions between patients and health care staff are central to the prevention of functional decline in patients. In this study, we aimed to affect the staff–patient relationship by implementing a coaching intervention in an older adult acute care setting. Here, we report on staff experiences of this coaching approach. Data were collected from 16 members of staff via semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: Putting a Label on It, Stepping Back and Listening, Identifying the Opportunities, and Working as Team. Our findings show that a coaching approach can be successful in getting staff to reconsider their interactions with patients and to focus on strategies that foster the independence and autonomy of older adult patients.
ROI analysis for remote photoplethysmography on facial video

As wide spreading of camera-equipped devices to the daily living environment, there are enormous opportunities to utilize the camera-based remote photoplethysmography (PPG) for daily physiological monitoring. In the camera-based remote PPG (rPPG) monitoring, the region of interest (ROI) is related to the signal quality and the computational load for the signal extraction processing. Designating the best ROI on the body while minimizing its size is essential for computationally efficient rPPG extraction. In this study, we densely analyzed the face region to find the computationally efficient ROI for facial rPPG extraction. We divided the face into seven regions and evaluated the quality of the signal of each region using the area ratio of high-SNR and high-correlation, and mean and standard deviation (SD) of SNR and correlation coefficient. The results show that a forehead and both cheeks especially have a potential to be a good candidates for computationally efficient ROI. On the other hand, the signal quality from a mouth and a chin was relatively low. A nasion and a nose have a limitation to be efficient ROI.
Identity, Representations, and Beliefs

Some people living with HIV spontaneously control the virus without antiretroviral treatment. They are called HIV controllers, and their status places them at the limits of bio-clinical normality. The objective of this study was to investigate HIV controllers’ beliefs and representations of their individual trajectories using a qualitative approach. Fourteen HIV controllers were interviewed. Vertical analysis focused on examining how interviewees’ specific beliefs and representational processes help these patients adapt to their particular situation. Horizontal analysis focused on how patients’ biographic trajectories and identity positioning help them make sense of their situation. Results highlighted that perceiving oneself to be healthy or ill was linked to change or a lack of change in terms of disease perception, beliefs, and representations, when seropositivity was announced. This study of social representations and the processes involved provide crucial elements for health professionals caring for HIV controllers.
Preliminary Results of Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Technique-Specific Problems

Background: In this study, we determined the efficiency of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the double-bundle technique and addressed technique-specific problems. Patients and Methods: Twenty-nine patients who underwent ACL reconstruction due to ACL rupture with the arthroscopic double-bundle ENDOBUTTON CL method using autogenous hamstring tendons were evaluated. All patients were males and the mean age was 24.3 years (range 20 - 41 years). The mean follow-up period was 36.4 months (minimum 16 and maximum 53 months). Diagnosis was based on medical history and physical examination. Lachman, anterior drawer and pivot shift tests were performed. The patient diagnosis was verified with X-ray roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tunnel mergence and graft hanging problems were discussed. Results: Pre- and postoperative clinical assessments of the patients showed the mean Lysholm score increased from 60.2 (48 - 72) preoperatively to 91.5 (85 - 98) at the final visit, whereas the mean Tegner score increased from 5.58 (3 - 9) preoperatively to 6.03 (4 - 9) at the final visit. According to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee ligament standard evaluation system, five patients were classified as B (17%); 11 patients were classified as C (38%); and 13 patients were classified as D (45%) before the surgery. At the postoperative evaluation, 17 (59%) patients were classified as A; 11 (38%) patients were classified as B; and 1 (3%) patient was classified as C. Conclusion: The double-bundle technique using hamstring tendons and femoral braces is an efficient and satisfactory method for ACL reconstruction.
Developing a Personal and Social Identity With Type 1 Diabetes During Adolescence

This study explored the incorporation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) into self-identity among adolescents. Guided interviews explored 40 adolescents’ views of T1DM in relation to their sense of self and relationships with others. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results revealed that the entire sample described T1DM as a significant burden; many described how T1DM made them feel less “normal. ” Adolescents described both positive and negative aspects of self-management in social relationships, though most reported benefits in sharing T1DM with friends. Females were more likely to share information about T1DM and to describe positive changes in self-perception as a result of T1DM. The psychosocial processes related to integration of T1DM into self-identity described in these qualitative data provide hypothesis-generating findings that can guide future quantitative research examining incorporation of T1DM into adolescent self-identity in relation to measures of self-esteem, peer orientation, self-management, and glycemic control.
Observation of chiral currents at the magnetic domain boundary of a topological insulator

Magnetizing a topological insulator Inducing magnetism in a topological insulator can lead to exotic effects. The usual experimental route is to introduce magnetic dopants into the material, but that approach is intricate and creates unwanted disorder. Wang et al. used a simpler technique: They fabricated a bilayer consisting of Bi2Se3, a topological insulator, and EuS, a magnet. The physical proximity of EuS induced magnetism on the surface of Bi2Se3. This approach allowed for the creation of magnetic domains at will and the detection of characteristic current flowing along the domains' edges. Science, this issue p. 948 A scanning superconducting quantum interference device can write magnetic domains in a EuS/Bi2Se3 heterostructure. A magnetic domain boundary on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator is predicted to host a chiral edge state, but direct demonstration is challenging. We used a scanning superconducting quantum interference device to show that current in a magnetized topological insulator heterostructure (EuS/Bi2Se3) flows at the edge when the Fermi level is gate-tuned to the surface band gap. We further induced micrometer-scale magnetic structures on the heterostructure and detected a chiral edge current at the magnetic domain boundary. The chirality of the current was determined by magnetization of the surrounding domain, and its magnitude by the local chemical potential rather than the applied current. Such magnetic structures provide a platform for detecting topological magnetoelectric effects and may enable progress in quantum information processing and spintronics.
An open-source toolbox for standardized use of PhysioNet Sleep EDF Expanded Database

PhysioNet Sleep EDF database has been the most popular source of data used for developing and testing many automatic sleep staging algorithms. However, the recordings from this database has been used in an inconsistent fashion. For example, arbitrary selection of start and end times from long term recordings, data-hypnogram mismatches, different performance metrics and hypnogram conversion from R&K to AASM. All these differences result in different data sections and performance metrics being used by researchers thereby making any direct comparison between algorithms very difficult. Recently, a superset of this database has been made available on PhysioNet, known as the Sleep EDF Expanded Database which includes 61 recordings. This provides an opportunity to standardize the way in which signals from this database should be used. With this goal in mind, we present in this paper a toolbox for automatically downloading and extracting recordings from the Sleep EDF Expanded database and converting them to a suitable format for use in MATLAB. This toolbox contains functions for selecting appropriate data for sleep analysis (based on our previous recommendations for sleep staging), hypnogram conversion and computation of performance metrics. Its use makes it simpler to start using the new sleep database and also provides a foundation for much-needed standardization in this research field.
Families Living Well With Chronic Illness

Chronic illness is a global issue of escalating importance. While prevention, control, and management of chronic disease are imperative, it is also critical to shift our focus away from illness and toward living. In particular, attention needs to focus on living well despite illness. This article reports a grounded theory study with 43 members from 17 families who perceived they were managing well with serious chronic illnesses. The theory that captures the circular, iterative healing process of moving on is comprised of five phases: the fight, accepting, living with the chronic illness, sharing the experience, and reconstructing life. Families moved on through the process and moved on over time toward healing where they lived well alongside chronic illness. Family issues associated with each phase are identified as well as implications for health care providers. The theory provides a way of conceptualizing wellness in illness that supports patient- and family-centered care.
Acting Out: Enabling Meaningful Participation Among People With Long-Term Mental Health Problems in a Music and Theater Workshop

In this article, we explore what enables meaningful participation in a music and theater workshop from a first person’s perspective of people with mental health problems. The study uses a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach. Data were collected from qualitative in-depth interviews with 12 participants in a music and theater workshop located in a Norwegian mental health hospital. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Two overarching themes were identified: (a) room for dignity and (b) a creative arena. This study indicates that to enable participation for people with long-term mental health problems, it is important to facilitate activities that are flexible, person centered, and resource oriented, in which participants have the possibility to participate regardless of symptoms, functional ability, or whether they are hospitalized. In addition, having professionals who believe in creative growth and offer an illness-free zone that belongs to the participants in a hospital setting is of great importance.
Mass spectrometry imaging with laser-induced postionization

Imaging lipid composition Chemical imaging of cell membranes can be performed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI), but low ionization efficiency often leads to a signal dominated by the main lipid components, such as abundant phosphatidylcholine species. Soltwisch et al. used a tunable laser for post-ionization of neutral species to boost the signal for other membrane components, such as cholesterol and phospho- and glycolipids. Imaging of cells and tissues with these methods allows differentiation based on a more extensive chemical signature. Science, this issue p. 211 The sensitivity of mass spectrometric imaging of membrane lipids is boosted by laser-induced gas-phase ionization. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) can simultaneously record the lateral distribution of numerous biomolecules in tissue slices, but its sensitivity is restricted by limited ionization. We used a wavelength-tunable postionization laser to initiate secondary MALDI-like ionization processes in the gas phase. In this way, we could increase the ion yields for numerous lipid classes, liposoluble vitamins, and saccharides, imaged in animal and plant tissue with a 5-micrometer-wide laser spot, by up to two orders of magnitude. Critical parameters for initiation of the secondary ionization processes are pressure of the cooling gas in the ion source, laser wavelength, pulse energy, and delay between the two laser pulses. The technology could enable sensitive MALDI-MS imaging with a lateral resolution in the low micrometer range.
Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook

Not getting all sides of the news? People are increasingly turning away from mass media to social media as a way of learning news and civic information. Bakshy et al. examined the news that millions of Facebook users' peers shared, what information these users were presented with, and what they ultimately consumed (see the Perspective by Lazer). Friends shared substantially less cross-cutting news from sources aligned with an opposing ideology. People encountered roughly 15% less cross-cutting content in news feeds due to algorithmic ranking and clicked through to 70% less of this cross-cutting content. Within the domain of political news encountered in social media, selective exposure appears to drive attention. Science, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1090 Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer] Exposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook’s algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users’ choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals’ choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content.
Fast Group Verification System for Intelligent Robot Service

The intelligent robot service is a promising area and based on many researches such as navigation, hardware control, image processing, and pattern recognition. The intelligent service robot provides the personalized service to a user without the help of a user. In case of the home robot service, the robot providing intelligent services needs a fast verification process which knows whether the user is a family member or non-family member to provide the differentiated services to each group member. In this paper, we develop the fast group verification system for providing intelligent robot services. The proposed system consists of face detection part, preprocessing and feature extraction part, and group verification part. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves better accuracy and faster computational time than other well known methods and our system is suitable for the intelligent home robot service .
Apoptosis and antigen affinity limit effector cell differentiation of a single naïve B cell

For a single B cell, many roads to take To successfully fight a pathogen, immunological B cells must wage a multipronged attack: They can differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells or become T cell–helping germinal center cells, or even long-lived memory cells. But can a single B cell acquire all of these different fates? To find out, Taylor et al. tracked the responses of single B cells in mice. Although some B cells acquired only one fate, others differentiated into all three. The authors linked the ability of B cells to differentiate into multiple subsets to their ability to proliferate and resist cell death, and the affinity of their antigen receptor. Science, this issue p. 784 Antigen affinity and the ability to resist cell death determine the differentiation patterns of individual immunological B cells. When exposed to antigens, naïve B cells differentiate into different types of effector cells: antibody-producing plasma cells, germinal center cells, or memory cells. Whether an individual naïve B cell can produce all of these different cell fates remains unclear. Using a limiting dilution approach, we found that many individual naïve B cells produced only one type of effector cell subset, whereas others produced all subsets. The capacity to differentiate into multiple subsets was a characteristic of clonal populations that divided many times and resisted apoptosis, but was independent of isotype switching. Antigen receptor affinity also influenced effector cell differentiation. These findings suggest that diverse effector cell types arise in the primary immune response as a result of heterogeneity in responses by individual naïve B cells.
Relationship Between Arterial Disease in Different Sites

contrary, the untreated patient may become severely disabled. It is more difficult to assess the outcome of an operation for a single transient attack, as it is not uncommon for this to be unique in the natural history of the untreated case. This summarizes the results of operating upon what might be called the appropriate artery to a particular "'stroke. There is, however, a growing tendency to consider the state of the quartet of arteries to the brain and to regard them not only as supplying blood to their own particular territory but also as contributing to the circle of Willis for general distribution. This concept is the reason for considering a bilateral internal carotid artery disobliteration or an operation contralateral to an inoperable complete block. It also raises the possibility of internal carotid artery surgery to improve oxygenation of the brain-stem. As yet few operations on the vertebral arteries have been done. There is a steady improvement of surgical technique; by-pass manceuvres, for instance. may replace the need for hypothermia. Until atheroma is curable or, more likely, preventable, surgery may stay as the most certain method of increasing the circulation to the brain.
THERAPY OF CHRONIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS WITH EIGHT YEARS' GASTROSCOPIC CONTROL

The anatomic entity known as chronic "atrophic gastritis" may be observed gastroscopically to improve or disappear from the stomachs of patients having pernicious anemia after liver therapy. Since the initial report of this observation by Jones, Benedict and Hampton 1 in 1935, several other reports 2 have appeared in the literature. In addition, gastroscopic changes in the atrophic gastric mucosa of patients without pernicious anemia have been observed by several investigators after specific types of therapy. Some of the substances used are dessicated hog's stomach ("ventriculin") by Schiff and Goodman, 3 liver and iron by Schindler, Kirsner and Palmer 4 and others, 5 thiamine by Bower 6 and others, and the separate components of the vitamin B complex by Shapiro and his associates. 7 Each of these studies was made on extremely small groups of patients and followed over relatively short periods of time. Some observers reported disappearance of atrophy
The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO2 sink

The difference is found at the margins The terrestrial biosphere absorbs about a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, but the amount that they take up varies from year to year. Why? Combining models and observations, Ahlström et al. found that marginal ecosystems—semiarid savannas and low-latitude shrublands—are responsible for most of the variability. Biological productivity in these semiarid regions is water-limited and strongly associated with variations in precipitation, unlike wetter tropical areas. Understanding carbon uptake by these marginal lands may help to improve predictions of variations in the global carbon cycle. Science, this issue p. 895 Semi-arid regions cause most of the interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon dioxide sink. The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations since industrialization is characterized by large interannual variability, mostly resulting from variability in CO2 uptake by terrestrial ecosystems (typically termed carbon sink). However, the contributions of regional ecosystems to that variability are not well known. Using an ensemble of ecosystem and land-surface models and an empirical observation-based product of global gross primary production, we show that the mean sink, trend, and interannual variability in CO2 uptake by terrestrial ecosystems are dominated by distinct biogeographic regions. Whereas the mean sink is dominated by highly productive lands (mainly tropical forests), the trend and interannual variability of the sink are dominated by semi-arid ecosystems whose carbon balance is strongly associated with circulation-driven variations in both precipitation and temperature.
PANCREATIC TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS DIAGNOSIS BY ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY: REPORT OF TWO CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Mass lesions in the head of the pancreas are generally malignant and it is difficult to diagnose benign lesions preoperatively. We describe two patients with pancreatic tuberculosis, who presented with abdominal pain, jaundice and a pancreatic head mass, mimicking cancer. The correct diagnosis could be made by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in both patients, precluding the need for surgery. Both patients responded well to anti‐tuberculosis treatment. We conclude that EUS with guided FNA is a useful modality to diagnose pancreatic tuberculosis.