Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bound on FWER for correlated normal distribution

In this paper,our main focus is to obtain an asymptotic bound on the family wise error rate (FWER) for Bonferroni-type procedure in the simultaneous hypotheses testing problem when the observations corresponding to individual hypothesis are correlated. In particular, we have considered the sequence of null hypotheses H_{0i} : X_i follows N(0,1) , (i=1,2,.,n) and equicorrelated structure of the sequence (X_1,.,X_n). Distribution free bound on FWER under equicorrelated setup can be found in Tong(2014). But the upper bound provided in Tong(2014) is not a bounded quantity as the no. of hypotheses(n) gets larger and larger and as a result,FWER is highly overestimated for the choice of a particular distribution (e.g.- normal). In the equicorrelated normal setup, we have shown that FWER asymptotically is a convex function (as a function of correlation (rho)) and hence an upper bound on the FWER of Bonferroni-(alpha) procedure is alpha(1-\rho). This implies,Bonferroni's method actually controls the FWER at a much smaller level than the desired level of significance under the positively correlated case and necessitates a correlation correction.
Individual Data Protected Integrative Regression Analysis of High-Dimensional Heterogeneous Data

Abstract Evidence-based decision making often relies on meta-analyzing multiple studies, which enables more precise estimation and investigation of generalizability. Integrative analysis of multiple heterogeneous studies is, however, highly challenging in the ultra high-dimensional setting. The challenge is even more pronounced when the individual-level data cannot be shared across studies, known as DataSHIELD contraint. Under sparse regression models that are assumed to be similar yet not identical across studies, we propose in this paper a novel integrative estimation procedure for data-Shielding High-dimensional Integrative Regression (SHIR). SHIR protects individual data through summary-statistics-based integrating procedure, accommodates between-study heterogeneity in both the covariate distribution and model parameters, and attains consistent variable selection. Theoretically, SHIR is statistically more efficient than the existing distributed approaches that integrate debiased LASSO estimators from the local sites. Furthermore, the estimation error incurred by aggregating derived data is negligible compared to the statistical minimax rate and SHIR is shown to be asymptotically equivalent in estimation to the ideal estimator obtained by sharing all data. The finite-sample performance of our method is studied and compared with existing approaches via extensive simulation settings. We further illustrate the utility of SHIR to derive phenotyping algorithms for coronary artery disease using electronic health records data from multiple chronic disease cohorts.
Abnormality Detection in Musculoskeletal Radiographs with Convolutional Neural Networks(Ensembles) and Performance Optimization

Musculoskeletal conditions affect more than 1.7 billion people worldwide based on a study by Global Burden Disease, and they are the second greatest cause of disability[1,2]. The diagnosis of these conditions vary but mostly physical exams carried out and image tests. There are few imaging and diagnostic experts while there is a huge workload of radiograph examinations which might affect diagnostic accuracy. We built machine learning models to perform abnormality detection using the available musculoskeletal public dataset [3]. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) were used as are the most successful models in performing various tasks such as classification and object detection [4]. The development of the models involved theoretical study, iterative prototyping, and empirical evaluation of the results. The current model, 169 layer DenseNet, by Pranav et al.(2018) on the abnormality detection task, the performance was lower than the worst radiologist in 5 out of the 7 studies, and the overall model performance was lower than the best radiologist. We developed the ensemble200 model which scored 0.66 Cohen Kappa which was lower than the DenseNet model (Pranav et al, 2018) but the model performance with the F1 score outperforms the DenseNet model and its Cohen Kappa score variability with the different studies is lower as the best cohen kappa score on the upper extremity studies is 0.7408 (Wrist) and the lowest is (0.5844) hand. The ensemble200 model outperformed DenseNet model on the finger studies with a Cohen Kappa score of 0.653 showing reduced performance variability on the model performance.
Professional networking with Yahoo! Groups: A case of school librarians from international schools in Hong Kong

The study explores how the group of school librarians from international schools in Hong Kong uses the Yahoo! Groups platform for their professional networking. In this case study quantitative and qualitative data were gathered and analyzed. Quantitative data about the groups’ use of Yahoo! Groups were extracted from the platform archive pages. An online questionnaire was sent to all group members to collect quantitative and qualitative data about their experience with social software and their views on Yahoo! Groups suitability for professional networking. The study findings show that the group members regularly use Messages, a web-based mailing list and occasionally use Files and Polls. While nearly half of the group members take part in discussions via Yahoo! Groups, only a small number posted most of the messages. Most popular discussion topics are reading, group’s administrative issues, professional development, and school library collection development. Group members mostly agree that Yahoo! Groups features which they use are user-friendly and that the platform is a convenient tool for the group. Although group members widely use various social software for leisure and for work purposes, most of them do not consider replacing Yahoo! Groups with another social networking tool.
It's in the Cloud: Theorizing Context-Specific Factors Influencing the Perception of Mobile Cloud Storage

This paper examines the impact of mobile device characteristics on perceptions of cloud storage. Following the framework and guidelines for context-specific theorizing in information systems research, we develop and test a model that examines the following research questions: How does the individual's experience with mobile devices impact perceptions of mobile cloud storage? How do mobile context-specific factors influence the individual's adoption of cloud storage? The model incorporates context-specific factors such as ease of file storage, ease of file transfer, multiple device use, and mobile device use. Our study contributes to the literature on theorizing context-specific factors by highlighting the importance of mobile device characteristics and usage contexts in individual technology adoption research. We also identify both performance increases and security challenges in providing access to cloud storage through mobile devices to individuals.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT , DOMESTIC INVESTMENT AND 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS : THE RISE OF EMERGING NATIONS

This research extends Dunning‟s investment development path theory to assess the long-run relationship among foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, outflow and domestic investment (DI) for 32 emerging market economies (EMEs) based on 17 years data from 1996 to 2012. Breitung, IPS and Fisher-ADF tests have been used to identify the presence of unit root in the panel data. Further, Pedroni‟s panel cointegration test was used to find long-run relationships among DI, FDI inflow, and FDI outflow. The long-run association was further confirmed by Westerlund‟s panel cointegration test. Based on panel VECM a joint long-run causality from both FDI inflow and outflow towards domestic investment was identified. However, in the short-run domestic investment was caused by FDI inflow. Further applying fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and dynamic OLS (DOLS) it was observed that FDI inflow and FDI outflow have crowding-in effects on domestic investment. It can be concluded that for EMEs FDI outflow is also equally important in addition to FDI inflow to augment domestic investment. The impact of 2008 crisis was also examined in the light of FDI outflows and inflows from EMEs. Results based on FMOLS and DOLS indicate that 2008 crisis negatively affected the FDI inflow but the effect on outflows was not statistically significant. These results advocate for a protection mechanism from the financial crises for the EMEs as the FDI inflow declined during the period. JEL Classifications: E22, F21, G01
World Bank Document

Although a growing theoretical literature points to credit constraints as an important source of inefficiently high child labor, little work has been done to assess its empirical relevance. Using panel data from Tanzania, we find that households respond to transitory income shocks by increasing child labor, but that the extent to which child labor is used as a buffer is lower when households have access to credit. These findings contribute to the empirical literature on the permanent income hypothesis by showing that credit-constrained households actively use child labor to smooth their income. Moreover, they highlight a potentially important determinant of child labor and, as a result, a mechanism that can be used to tackle it. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3075, June 2003 The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Policy Research Working Papers are available online at http://econ.worldbank.org. * We thank Jishnu Das, John Strauss, Steven Zeldes, and seminar participants at George Washington University, the NEUDC 2002 conference, the World Bank, and the World Bank Economists’ Forum for useful comments. Dehejia acknowledges the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Industrial Relation Sections, Princeton University, for their kind hospitality. Support from the World Bank’s Research Committee is gratefully acknowledged. Please address correspondence to rgatti@worldbank.org. P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed
SURFO Technical Report No. 11-03

Acartia tonsa is the dominant copepod in Narragansett Bay, RI during the summer, and serves as an important source of nutrients and carbon for species of upper trophic levels. A. tonsa has a diverse diet ingesting different species of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. During the summer of 2012, the types of plankton species A. tonsa consume in situ, as well as the abundance of these prey species in the environment were analyzed using molecular techniques. Samples of adult female A. tonsa were collected weekly from early-June to late-July, their DNA were extracted, Peptide Nucleic Acid mediated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PNA-PCR) was used to amplify prey DNA, and clone libraries were produced and sequenced. The A. tonsa-specific PNA-PCR was used to exclude predator DNA from being amplified in excess. Samples from June 25, 2012 and on July 2 2012 were the only samples sequenced. Sequence results for June 25, 2012 showed copepod species’ DNA including Centropages species, Oithona species, and Temora turbinata. The abundance of these copepods’ DNA found in the sequences as opposed to phytoplankton have been attributed to picking errors made when collecting A. tonsa from Narragansett Bay plankton tow samples, and the possible ingestion of copepod nauplii. Sequences from July 2, 2012 contained double peaks indicating contamination in PCR steps involving clones. When these samples were sequenced once more, other species of copepods and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum were apparent. Though none of the sequences analyzed showed an abundance of prey phytoplankton ingested by A. tonsa, these findings helped to provide ideas on how to improve methods of identifying prey species in the guts of zooplankton.
Analysis of Growth and Convergence among Islands in Indonesia ( Neoclassical Model )

Abstrack. This study aims at analyzing (1) does the growth of real income per capita generate absolute convergence among islands in Indonesia, (2) is there conditional convergence among islands in Indonesia by adding real investment, number of labor, export, and import value as control variables (3) is there a decline disparity of real income per capita among islands in Indonesia over time.The data used were secondary data of BPS and BI publication since 1995 to 2015 paneled with data from six islands (Sumatera, Java, Bali & Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Maluku & Papua) involving real income per capita, real investment, number of labor, export, and import value. Barro Salai Martin convergence model was used to test the convergence hypothesis. The results of the study show that (1) the growth of real income per capita does not generate absolute convergence among islands in Indonesia because the correlation between the growth and real income per capita in the previous period is positive and significant (2) there is not conditional convergence among islands in Indonesia, but real income per capita, real investment, and the number of labor are significant in affecting the growth, while export and import variable are not significant (3) the disparity of income per capita among islands in Indonesia does not decrease over time measured through the improvement of standard deviation. Divergence among islands in Indonesia occurs due to the performance of investment and the quality of labors among islands which is very different. Besides, the ownership of natural resources and infrastructure among island is very unequal. The conclusion of this research is that the growth of real income per capita among islands in Indonesia does not lead to equity. Government’s policy is required to move investments into areas that cannot invest efficiently by prioritizing the development of infrastructure in such regions, boosting the improvement of labors quality in regions with poor society, social modal, politic stability, and trade among islands in order to the inequality does not widened.
Chinese Closed-End Fund Market ( 1998-2003 ) : An Empirical Investigation

The objective of this study is to carry out an empirical analysis of the relationship between trading volumes, returns and volatility on closed-end funds (CEFs) market in China using data for 19982003. In addition, the transmission of market volatility between Chinese stock market and CEF market is also examined. Further, empirical investigations are conducted on the relationship between premia of CEFs and their future net asset value returns, investor sentiment hypothesis and cointegration of fund share prices and net asset values. The lack of empirical studies on Chinese CEF and also the fast growth of funds in the last few years justify this research. The results of this study show that GARCH(1,1) model can capture the dynamic characteristic of CEF market in China and there is an asymmetric relationship between price change and trading volume. This study also provides evidence that the transmission of volatility occurs between stock market and closed-end fund market. Finally, the results suggest that investor sentiment hypothesis can explain the disparity between fund share prices and net asset values. But the rejection of cointegration between fund prices and net asset values indicates that excess returns cannot be obtained by investing in Chinese CEFs with lower discounts. The important policy implication from this research is that since daily price limits have a significant impact on the fluctuations of closed-end fund prices and the movement of discounts or premia of closed-end funds, policy makers should review the price limits so as to improve market making activities.
HETEROSIS FOR FODDER YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN FORAGE SORGHUM

A field experiment was couducted during summer-kharif, 2013 at Sorghum Research Station, Deesa to study the heterosis for fodder yield and quality traits in forage sorghum. Analysis of variance in individual environment as well as on pooled basis revealed highly significant differences among genotypes, parents and hybrids for all the traits. The heterosis was evident for green fodder yield per plant and other important yield contributing traits from the significance of mean squares due to parents vs. hybrids in individual as well as pooled over environments for almost all the traits. Significance of mean squares due to genotypes x environments, parents x environments and hybrids x environments for most of the traits indicated that genotypes, parents and hybrids performed differently in different environments. The analysis also revealed highly significant differences for mean squares due to parents vs. hybrids x environments for all the traits except brix per cent, HCN content and crude protein content. The magnitude of heterosis was high for green fodder yield per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, brix per cent and leaf : stem ratio, medium for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fly dead heart per centage and HCN content and low for days to flowering and crude protein content. The best five hybrids on the basis of standard heterosis were 27A x SRF 317 (39.79 %), 14A x SRF 332 (38.76 %), 104A x SPV 2113 (35.77 %), 9A x SPV 2113 (34.81 %) and 14A x SRF 335 (29.26 %) for green fodder yield per plant. These hybrids also exhibited high heterosis for one or two of its contributing traits, thereby these top hybrids can be exploited commercially for fodder yield after testing in wide range of environments.
Prevalence of Weak D Antigen In Western Indian Population

Introduction: Discovery of Rh antigens in 1939 by Landsteiner and Weiner was the revolutionary stage in blood banking. Of these antigens, D, which decides Rh positivity or negativity, is the most antigenic. A problem is encountered when an individual has a weakened expression of D (Du), i.e., Aims and Objectives: To know the prevalence of weak D in Indian population because incidence varies in different population. To determine the risk of alloimmunization among Rh D negative patients who receives the blood of weak D positive donors. Methods: Rh grouping of 38,962 donors who came to The Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion of Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad from 1 2013 to 30 th September 2014 was done using the DIAGAST (Automated Grouping). The samples that tested negative for D antigen were further analysed for weak D (Du) by indirect antiglobulin test using blend of Ig G and Ig M Anti D. This was done using Column agglutination method in ID card (gel card). 38,962. Out of these 3360(8.6%) were tested Rh D negative. All Rh D negative donors were tested for weak D (Du). 22 (0.056% of total donors and 0.65% of Rh negative donors) turned out to be weak D (Du) positive. Indian population is 0.056 %, So the risk of alloimmunization in our setting due to weak D (Du) antigen is marginal. But, testing of weak D antigen is necessary in blood bank becau weak D antigen is immunogenic and can produce alloimmunization if transfused to Rh D negative subjects.
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 392 Phylogenies and Secondary Chemistry in Arnica ( Asteraceae )

DNA sequences from five chloroplast DNA regions (the rpl16 and rps16 introns and the psbA–trnH, ycf4–cemA, and trnT–L spacers), and the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS and ETS) regions, were analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods to explore the putatively complicated history of the mainly North American genus Arnica. The chloroplast regions were found to contain minimal variation in Arnica. Of 3710 nucleotides, only 119 were variable and 45 informative. However, combined with the ribosomal DNA data, the analysis yielded a number of well-supported clades. Strong support for the monophyly of Arnica was found in both the separate and combined analyses but none of the five currently recognized subgenera was resolved as monophyletic in any of the analyses. Arnica (Whitneya) dealbata and A. mallotopus (Mallotopus japonicus), two species that were previously placed outside Arnica, were confidently confirmed as members of the genus. The analyses revealed that A. nevadensis (subg. Austromontana) is most closely related to A. dealbata and that A. mallotopus forms a strongly supported clade with A. unalaschcensis (subg. Andropurpurea). Earlier biogeographical hypotheses that suggested an arctic origin and southward spread of the genus are not supported by our analyses. Hybridization, homoplasy, and rapid evolution are possible explanations for conflicts between the chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal data sets and for low support of the deeper nodes.
The importance of linear landscape elements for the pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus and the serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus

The relation between two species of bats, the pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774)) and the serotine (Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)) and linear landscape elements such as hedgerows, tree lines and tree lanes was studied in an agricultural area in The Netherlands. The pipistrelle was observed almost entirely close to landscape elements, while serotines more frequently crossed fields and meadows. Serotine activity in these open areas was, however, negatively related to the distance to a landscape element and to windspeed. On a landscape scale the results indicate a more than proportional positive relation between the density of serotine bats and the density of linear landscape elements, whereas this relation was only proportional in the case of the pipistrelle. It is argued, that landscapes with a high density of linear elements have a surplus value for serotine bats. Three possible functions of linear elements for bats (orientation clues, foraging habitat and shelter fi'om wind and/or predators) are discussed. Any of these may explain the results of this study.