Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ecology and evolution of autotomy

Autotomy, the self‐induced loss of a body part, occurs throughout Animalia. A lizard dropping its tail to escape predation is an iconic example, however, autotomy occurs in a diversity of other organisms. Octopuses can release their arms, crabs can drop their claws, and bugs can amputate their legs. The diversity of organisms that can autotomize body parts has led to a wealth of research and several taxonomically focused reviews. These reviews have played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of autotomy within their respective groups. However, because of their taxonomic focus, these reviews are constrained in their ability to enhance our understanding of autotomy. Here, we aim to synthesize research on the ecology and evolution of autotomy throughout Animalia, building a unified framework on which future studies can expand. We found that the ability to drop an appendage has evolved multiple times throughout Animalia and that once autotomy has evolved, selection appears to act on the removable appendage to increase the efficacy and/or efficiency of autotomy. This could explain why some autotomizable body parts are so elaborate (e.g. brightly coloured). We also show that there are multiple benefits, and variable costs, associated with autotomy. Given this variation, we generate an economic theory of autotomy (modified from the economic theory of escape) which makes predictions about when an individual should resort to autotomy. Finally, we show that the loss of an autotomizable appendage can have numerous consequences on population and community dynamics. By taking this broad taxonomic approach, we identified patterns of autotomy that transcend specific lineages and highlight clear directions for future research.
A Study on the Effect of Blog Characteristics on Satisfaction and Word- Of-Mouth Intention - Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Consumer Knowledge -

Blog has been as influential as TV and radio as a source of information in the speed of information spread, as well as the diversity of information and the quality of content. Once people recognize the importance of blog as a means of personal and day-to-day communication, there have been various studies on motivation of blog user, their using patterns, the ways of information delivery and sharing, the activity of the specific group and the effects on satisfaction with blog and word-of-mouth. Previous studies on blog were usually to investigate the fragmentary relationship. However, we derived new factor of blog characteristics and examined how it can affect satisfaction and word of mouth intention. Accordingly, we researched domestic and foreign theses, journal papers, books, research reports and established hypothesis and finally derived the results through the verification of the hypothesis after performing empirical research to achieve the purpose of the study. The implications of this study drawn from major issues are as follows. First, previous studies on the use of blog were macroscopic approaches which were related to satisfaction and word-of-mouth intention but you could also see the details by using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis in this paper. Second, fame of blog shows the least effect on satisfaction so the influence of power bloggers has been reduced. Third, The increasing user's satisfaction with blog is the way to increase the word-of-mouth intention in that satisfaction and word-of-mouth intention typically occurs sequentially with time. Fourth, companies need to regard online word-of-mouth information which is created by consumers as a competitive factor of more differentiated internet site. It is asked to subdivide and customize the range and scope of word-of-mouth information to improve the interaction with customers. Fifth, operating blog focusing on contents and interaction is an effective ways of wordof-mouth marketing and it is also recommended to use power bloggers.
RotationNet for Joint Object Categorization and Unsupervised Pose Estimation from Multi-View Images

We propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based model “RotationNet,” which takes multi-view images of an object as input and jointly estimates its pose and object category. Unlike previous approaches that use known viewpoint labels for training, our method treats the viewpoint labels as latent variables, which are learned in an unsupervised manner during the training using an unaligned object dataset. RotationNet uses only a partial set of multi-view images for inference, and this property makes it useful in practical scenarios where only partial views are available. Moreover, our pose alignment strategy enables one to obtain view-specific feature representations shared across classes, which is important to maintain high accuracy in both object categorization and pose estimation. Effectiveness of RotationNet is demonstrated by its superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods of 3D object classification on 10- and 40-class ModelNet datasets. We also show that RotationNet, even trained without known poses, achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art methods on an object pose estimation dataset. Furthermore, our object ranking method based on classification by RotationNet achieved the first prize in two tracks of the 3D Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) 2017. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of real-world applications of RotationNet trained with our newly created multi-view image dataset using a moving USB camera.
Optical coherence tomography angiography versus fluorescein angiography in diagnosing choroidal neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy

Purpose: Diagnosis of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is difficult in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) due to overlapping features of both on conventional dye angiography. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows a quick and noninvasive detection of CNVM in these eyes. We compared the fluorescein angiography (FA) features of CNVM with those of OCTA to assess the role of FA in detecting CNVM in CCSC eyes. Methods: Patients with CCSC undergoing FA, spectral domain (SD)-OCT, and OCTA were identified (March 2015–June 2015). Four retina specialists individually reviewed FA images (without OCTA and SD-OCT) to determine whether CNVM was present. In parallel, two other retina specialists reviewed all images (FA/SD-OCT/OCTA) for CCSC features and confirmed whether CNVM was present using OCTA as the gold standard. The inter- and intraobserver variability was measured by Kappa (k) coefficient. The FA features of CNVM were compared and correlated with those on OCTA. Results: Of 43 eyes (26 patients, mean age 45.6 ± 8.5 years, all males), a definite CNVM (detected by OCTA) was present in nine (20.9%) eyes. FA alone detected CNVM in 13 (30.2%) eyes [sensitivity 44.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.9–76.9), specificity 73.5% (95% CI: 58.7–88.3), positive and negative predictive values 30.8% and 83.3%, respectively, and accuracy 67.44% (95% CI: 53.4–81.4)]. Conclusion: When compared with OCTA, the FA was unable to characterize CNVM in CCSC (with a very low sensitivity and moderate specificity) as none of the specific dye leakage patterns on FA correlated with CNVM seen on OCTA, limiting its usefulness and accuracy in detecting CNVM in these eyes.
Comparative Integrated Omics Analysis of the Hfq Regulon in Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative strictly human pathogen of the respiratory tract and the etiological agent of whooping cough (pertussis). Previously, we have shown that RNA chaperone Hfq is required for virulence of B. pertussis. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed that a large number of genes are affected by the lack of Hfq. This study represents the first attempt to characterize the Hfq regulon in bacterial pathogen using an integrative omics approach. Gene expression profiles were analyzed by RNA-seq and protein amounts in cell-associated and cell-free fractions were determined by LC-MS/MS technique. Comparative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed solid correlation (r2 = 0.4) considering the role of Hfq in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Importantly, our study confirms and further enlightens the role of Hfq in pathogenicity of B. pertussis as it shows that Δhfq strain displays strongly impaired secretion of substrates of Type III secretion system (T3SS) and substantially reduced resistance to serum killing. On the other hand, significantly increased production of proteins implicated in transport of important metabolites and essential nutrients observed in the mutant seems to compensate for the physiological defect introduced by the deletion of the hfq gene.
Genes and Gene Models, An Important Distinction.

Genome sequencing has fundamentally changed how plant biologists think about genes. All or nearly all genes can ultimately be associated with a gene model. However, many gene models appear to play little or no role in the traits of an organism. A range of structural, molecular, population, and evolutionary features all show a separation between genes with known phenotypes and the overall set of annotated gene models. These data types could be combined to develop models to distinguish genes that determine the traits of plants from the subset gene models unlikely to do so. Efforts to identify the subset of annotated gene models likely involved in specifying the characteristics of plants would help aid a wide range of researchers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Morphological and primary structural consistency of fibrils from different AA patients (common variant)

Abstract Aims: To test the hypothesis that the fibril morphology and the fibril protein primary structure are conserved across different patients suffering from the common variant of systemic Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. Methods: Amyloid fibrils were extracted from the renal tissue of four patients. The fibril morphology was analysed in negatively stained samples with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fibril protein identity and fragment length were determined by using mass spectrometry. Results: The fibrils show a consistent morphology in all four patients and exhibit an average width of ∼9.6 nm and an average pitch of ∼112 nm. All fibrils are composed of polypeptide chains that can be assigned to human serum amyloid A (SAA) 1.1 protein. All fragments lack the N-terminal arginine residue and are C-terminally truncated. Differences exist concerning the exact C-terminal cleavage site. The most prominent cleavage site occurs at residues 64–67. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that AA amyloid fibrils are consistent at the level of the protein primary structure and fibril morphology in the four analysed patients.
Translation as Communication across Languages and Cultures

List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Central Concepts Chapter 1: The Nature of Translation as Part of Applied Linguistics Chapter 2: Overview of Different Approaches to Translation Chapter 3: Some New Trends in Translation Studies Chapter 4: Culture and Translation Part II: Translatability, Universals, Text, Context and Translation Evaluation Chapter 5: From Untranslatability to Translatability Chapter 6: Universals of Translation? Chapter 7: Text and Context: A functional-pragmatic view Chapter 8: Translation Quality Assessment: Review of Approaches and Practices Part III: Some New Research Avenues in Translation Studies Chapter 9: Translation and Bilingual Cognition Chapter 10: The Role of Corpora in Translation Studies Chapter 11: Globalization and Translation Part IV: Translation Practice in Different Societal Domains Chapter 12: Translation and Foreign Language Learning and Teaching Chapter 13: The Professional Practice of Translators: New Challenges and Problems Bibliography
Metagenomic assessment of the Cebus apella gut microbiota

Cebus Apella (C. apella) is a species of Nonhuman Primate (NHP) used for biomedical research because it is phylogenetically similar and shares anatomical commonalities with humans. Here, the gut microbiota of three C. apella were examined in the different regions of the intestinal tract. Using metagenomics, the gut microbiota associated with the luminal content and mucus layer for each intestinal region was identified, and functionality was investigated by quantifying the levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced. The results of this study show a high degree of similarity in the intestinal communities among C. apella subjects, with multiple shared characteristics. First, the communities in the lumen were more phylogenetically diverse and rich compared to the mucus layer communities throughout the entire intestinal tract. The small intestine communities in the lumen displayed a higher Shannon diversity index compared to the colon communities. Second, all the communities were dominated by aero‐tolerant taxa such as Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Abiotrophia, and Lactobacillus, although there was preferential colonization of specific taxa observed. Finally, the primary SCFA produced throughout the intestinal tract was acetic acid, with some propionic acid and butyric acid detected in the colon regions. The small intestine microbiota produced significantly less SCFAs compared to the communities in the colon. Collectively, these data provide an in‐depth report on the composition, distribution, and SCFA production of the gut microbiota along the intestinal tract of the C. apella NHP animal model.
Enhanced smoking cessation support for newly abstinent smokers discharged from hospital (The Hospital to Home trial): A randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance (NICE PH48) recommends that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural support be provided for all smokers admitted to hospital; however, relapse to smoking after discharge remains common. This study aimed to assess the effect of adding home support for newly-abstinent smokers to conventional NICE-recommended support in smokers discharged from hospital. DESIGN individually-randomised parallel group trial. SETTING One UK acute hospital. PARTICIPANTS 404 smokers aged >18 admitted to acute medical wards between June 2016 and July 2017 were randomised in equal numbers to each treatment group. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATORS The intervention provided 12 weeks of at-home cessation support which included help in maintaining a smoke-free home, help in accessing and using medication, further behavioural support and personalised feedback on home air quality. The comparator was NICE PH48 care as usual. MEASURES The primary outcome was self-reported continuous abstinence from smoking validated by an exhaled carbon monoxide level <6ppm four-weeks after discharge from hospital. FINDINGS In an intention-to-treat analysis at the four-week primary endpoint, 38 participants (18.8%) in the usual care group and 43 (21.3%) in the intervention group reported continuous abstinence from smoking (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.90, Bayes factor 0.33). There were no significant differences in any secondary outcomes, including self-reported cessation at 3 months, having a smoke-free home, or number of cigarettes smoked per day in those who did not quit. CONCLUSIONS Provision of a home visit and continued support to prevent relapse to smoking after hospital discharge did not appear to increase subsequent abstinence rate above usual care in accordance with UK guidance from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence.
Application of the GheOP3S-tool in nursing home residents: acceptance and implementation of pharmacist recommendations

ABSTRACT Background and objective: The prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) among nursing home (NH) residents is high. This study aimed to investigate the acceptance and implementation of pharmacist recommendations based on a screening tool for PIP, the Ghent Older People’s Prescriptions community Pharmacy Screening (GheOP3S)-tool. Setting and method: Prospective observational study in NH residents (≥ 70 years, using ≥ 5 medications) with a 3-month follow-up period. A pharmacist screened the medication lists using the GheOP3S-tool and formulated recommendations to reduce PIP. The acceptance of recommendations discussed during face-to-face pharmacist-general practitioner (GP) meetings was recorded. Implementation was examined by comparing baseline and follow-up medication lists. A pre-post comparison of the number of chronic medications and GheOP3S-criteria; the anticholinergic and sedative burden quantified by the Drug Burden Index (DBI); and medication costs was performed. Results: Screening with the GheOP3S-tool resulted in 168 pharmacist recommendations for 50 NH residents, mainly to stop (78.0%) and to substitute (14.3%) medications. Ninety-three % (156/168) of recommendations were considered relevant. GPs acceptance rate was 44.9%. Fifty-four % of all accepted recommendations were implemented. At follow-up, the number of chronic medications (p = 0.007), and DBI scores (p = 0.004) significantly differed from baseline. There was no significant decrease in the number of GheOP3S-criteria (p = 0.075) and medication costs (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The acceptance and implementation of pharmacist recommendations were relatively low. Future studies should increase the involvement of patients and all health-care providers. Interdisciplinary collaboration with sufficient education for all disciplines and patients is essential.
MIR137 polygenic risk is associated with schizophrenia and affects functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently revealed that a variant of microRNA 137 (MIR137) shows a quite significant association with schizophrenia. Identifying the network of genes regulated by MIR137 could provide insights into the biological processes underlying schizophrenia. In addition, DLPFC functional connectivity, a robust correlate of MIR137, may provide plausible endophenotypes. However, the regulatory role of the MIR137 gene network in the disrupted functional connectivity remains unclear. Here, we tested the effects of the MIR137 regulated genes on the risk for schizophrenia and DLPFC functional connectivity. Methods To evaluate the additive effects of the MIR137 regulated genes (N = 1274), we calculated a MIR137 polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia and tested its association with the risk for schizophrenia in the genomic data of a Han Chinese population that included schizophrenia patients (N = 589) and normal controls (N = 575). We then investigated the association between MIR137 PRS and DLPFC functional connectivity in two independent young healthy cohorts (N = 356 and N = 314). Results We found that the MIR137 PRS successfully captured the differences in genetic structure between the patients and controls, but the single gene MIR137 did not. We then consistently found that a higher MIR137 PRS was correlated with lower functional connectivities between the DLPFC and both the superior parietal cortex and the inferior temporal cortex in two independent cohorts. Conclusion The findings suggested that these two functional connectivities of the DLPFC could be important endophenotypes linking the MIR137-regulated genetic structure to schizophrenia.
To select or to wait? Response to the commentaries

ABSTRACT In [Nozari, N. , & Hepner, C. R. (2018). To select or to wait? The importance of criterion setting in debates of competitive lexical selection. Cognitive Neuropsychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/02643294.2018. 1476335], we proposed a theoretical framework for reconciling two seemingly irreconcilable theories of lexical selection: competitive vs. non-competitive selection. The key point in this framework is the division of language production into two separate—albeit interacting—systems: a decision-making framework and a multi-layered system which maps meaning to sound. Technically, this can be accomplished by superimposing a signal detection model onto the distributions of conflict derived from the core dynamics of mapping semantic features to lexical representations. Based on this framework, we argued that a flexible selection criterion could accommodate patterns predicted by both competitive and non-competitive models of lexical selection. Five excellent commentaries posed various questions regarding the necessity, applicability, and scope of the proposed framework. This paper addresses those questions.
Toward an understanding of the habenula's various roles in human depression

The habenula is an evolutionarily conserved structure in the vertebrate brain. Lesion and electrophysiological studies in animals have suggested that it is involved in the regulation of monoaminergic activity through projection to the brain stem nuclei. Since studies in animal models of depression and human functional imaging have indicated that increased activity of the habenula is associated with depressive phenotypes, this structure has attracted a surge of interest in neuroscience research. According to pathway‐ and cell‐type‐specific dissection of habenular function in animals, we have begun to understand how the heterogeneity of the habenula accounts for alteration of diverse physiological functions in depression. Indeed, recent studies have revealed that the subnuclei embedded in the habenula show a wide variety of molecular profiles not only in neurons but also in glial cells implementing the multifaceted regulatory mechanism for output from the habenula. In this review, we overview the known facts on mediolateral subdivision in the habenular structure, then discuss heterogeneity of the habenular structure from the anatomical and functional viewpoint to understand its emerging role in diverse neural functions relevant to depressive phenotypes. Despite the prevalent use of antidepressants acting on monoamine metabolisms, ~30% of patients with major depression are reported to be treatment‐resistant. Thus, cellular mechanisms deciphering such diversity in depressive symptoms would be a promising candidate for the development of new antidepressants.