Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN ETHOGRAM FOR ADULT MALE RAINBOW SKINKS,

Lizards provide an excellent model system for studying signal evolution. However, the scientific literature on lizard social behaviour displays a strong taxonomic bias, with disproportionate attention to certain lineages, such as iguanids (Carpenter & Ferguson, 1977; Stamps, 1977; Ord et al., 2001). Although the family Scincidae is one of the largest and most diverse lizard lineages (ecologically, geographically and morphologically), the social behaviour of scincids has received far less attention than many other groups. Small skinks are thought to lack obvious social displays (Done & Heatwole, 1977; Stamps, 1977), but recent research has revealed that skinks exhibit complex social characteristics, including stable social aggregations (Greer, 1989; Gardner et al., 2001), kin recognition (Bull, 2000; Bull et al., 2000, 2001), female mate choice (Cooper & Vitt, 1993), mate guarding (Olsson & Shine, 1998), and aggressive territory defence (Jennings & Thompson, 1999). Skinks occur virtually worldwide, but are most diverse in Australia (>300 species: Cogger, 2000). Nevertheless, we have been able to locate in the literature comprehensive descriptions of behavioural repertoires (ethograms) for only three species of Australian skink (Carlia rostralis: Whittier & Martin, 1992; Whittier, 1994; Lampropholis guichenoti : Torr & Shine, 1994; Ctenotus fallens : Jennings & Thompson, 1999), as well as for one North American species (Eumeces inexpectatus : Perrill, 1980). Before we can understand and interpret the evolution of behavioural traits in lizards, we need to document patterns in a large number of phylogenetically divergent lineages. Ethograms for a range of species are necessary before we can undertake comparative studies. This study aims to provide a thorough account of the behaviours displayed by males of an Australian skink, Carlia jarnoldae, under a range of circumstances, and to explore their probable function. We observed males in naturalistic outdoor enclosures in one of four treatments: while alone, with a female conspecific, with a male conspecific, or in the presence of a “predator”. We describe the behaviours observed during these trials, and discuss the functional significance of various behaviours by examining the degree to which they are performed in the different treatments.
Analytic Methods’ Considerations for the Translation of Sensitive Qualitative Data From Mandarin Into English

Background: In non-English or cross-cultural qualitative research, scholars have long debated the impact of involving translators on the transfer of meanings during the process of translation between languages. The management of sensitive data can even further complicate the research process when translators outside the research team are involved in the translation. Purpose: To discuss a translation method, which is drawn from a qualitative study, for managing sensitive qualitative data and enhancing research transparency. Method: Translation approach in qualitative research. Findings: The use of this translation method was revealed in this study to (1) enhance the researcher’s prolonged engagement with the data and intimate understanding of the meanings underlying participants’ experience, (2) to increase the transparency of qualitative data interpretation and analysis, (3) to facilitate sensitizing cultural nuances and finding meaning and concept equivalence during the process of data translation and analysis, and (4) to handle data more sensitively. Implications: This article has implications for the understanding of how researchers can work as an analyst and translator to develop research findings without the loss of meaning, to enhance transparency during the translation process, and to manage data more sensitively.
Specific Adhesive Pole of Brucella suis Required for Full Virulence and Defines a Trimeric Autotransporter Family , Is BtaE , an Adhesin That Belongs to the

Published Ahead of Print 14 January 2013. 2013, 81(3):996. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01241-12. Infect. Immun. and Angeles Zorreguieta Abdian, Fernando A. Martín, Rodrigo Sieira, Xavier De Bolle Henst, Silvia M. Estein, Gastón M. Arocena, Patricia L. Verónica Ruiz-Ranwez, Diana M. Posadas, Charles Van der Specific Adhesive Pole of Brucella suis Required for Full Virulence and Defines a Trimeric Autotransporter Family, Is BtaE, an Adhesin That Belongs to the
building BLOCKS Mortar Compressive Strength

M is specified by proportions or by properties. The proportion method is simply a mortar recipe or certain volumes of cementitious materials and aggregate combined with water that gives a workable mix. Experience shows that if a specified recipe is followed, mortar with certain performance characteristics is consistently obtained. Sampling, testing, or measurement of properties in the laboratory or in the field is not required of a proportion-specified mortar. The property method of specifying mortar allows for construction flexibility but requires the mortar to have minimum average values of certain mechanical properties, including compressive strength. The values of the mortar’s mechanical properties, to be compared with the minimum specified values, are determined through laboratory testing according to the requirement prescribed in ASTM C270, Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry. Once the minimum average values of the mechanical properties are obtained, the quantities of cementitious materials and aggregates used in the preparation of the laboratory mortar are converted to volumetric proportions for making the mortar at the construction site.
FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION , MONETARY POLICY AND MONEY DEMAND IN SIERRA LEONE

The study examines the rate at which changes in the financial markets in Sierra Leone have affected money demand behaviour and seeks to draw the implications for monetary policy using annual data for the period 1981 to 2010. Employing the ARDL approach to cointegration, the long-run results show that real GDP, inflation, real exchange rate and foreign interest rate have a significant impact on real money balances in Sierra Leone. The short-run dynamics results also confirm that real GDP, inflation real exchange rate and foreign interest rate have significant impact on real money balances. The Granger causality test results identify uni-directional causality running from real balances to inflation and real effective exchange rate respectively. In spite of the numerous economic and financial reforms undertaken since the 1980s, the results still suggest a stable demand for real money balances in Sierra Leone. Hence, it is suggested that monetary authorities should continue to pursue real money balances as an intermediate target in setting their monetary policy framework.
Beyond coups: terrorism and military involvement in politics

A wealth of research in comparative politics and international relations examines how the military intervenes in politics via coups. We shift attention to broader forms of military involvement in politics beyond coups and claim that terrorist violence and the threat of terror attacks provide a window of opportunity for military intervention, without taking full control of state institutions. We highlight two mechanisms through which terrorism influences military involvement in politics: (1) government authorities demand military expertise to fight terrorism and strengthen national security and “pull” the armed forces into politics, and (2) state armed actors exploit their informational advantage over civilian authorities to “push” their way into politics and policy-making. A panel data analysis shows that domestic terror attacks and perceived threats from domestic and transnational terrorist organizations increase military involvement in politics. We illustrate the theoretical mechanisms with the cases of France (1995–1998 and 2015–2016) and Algeria (1989–1992).
Methodological Innovation for the Study of Request Production in Telecollaboration.

Second language (L2) request production has long been a central area of inquiry in interlanguage pragmatics, including how L2 learners mitigate their requests and whether such strategies correspond to or differ from those of first language (L1) speakers. Methodologically, such research often involves elicited speech and tends to isolate the speech act from the surrounding discourse using instruments such as discourse completion tasks. While some naturalistic speech contexts (e.g., academic advising sessions) have been investigated, few studies to date have analyzed requesting in synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC). The current study responds by presenting a multifactorial analysis of L1 and L2 request production that occurred during eight one-hour web conferences between L2 learners of German for professional purposes and L1 German professionals. Three taxonomies traditionally used in face-to-face pragmatics research were adapted for analysis of the SCMC, enabling the use of a generalized linear mixed model. Findings indicate that while both groups of speakers used predominantly direct requesting behavior, L1 speakers used significantly more internal modification devices than did L2 learners. Language(s) Learned in this Study: German
Tilburg University Learning to be Prepared

Behavioral economics provides several motivations for the common observation that agents appear somewhat unwilling to deviate from recent choices. More recent choices can be more salient than other choices, or more readily available in the agent’s mind. Alternatively, agents may have formed habits, use rules of thumb, or lock in on certain modes of behavior as a result of learning by doing. This paper provides discrete-time adjustment processes for strategic games in which players display precisely such a bias towards recent choices. In addition, players choose best replies to beliefs supported by observed play in the recent past, in line with much of the literature on learning. These processes eventually settle down in the minimal prep sets of Voorneveld [Games Econ. Behav. 48 (2004) 403 – 414, and Games Econ. Behav. 51 (2005) 228 – 232]. JEL classification: C72, D83
ADOPTION OF SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION PRACTICES AND ITS EFFECT ON SMALLHOLDERS ’ FOOD SECURITY IN ETHIOPIA

Sustainable intensification practice (SIP) facilitates increased and sustained productivity of the limited and existing farmland with less pressure on the environment. Currently, there is a myriad of literature on the effect of SIP on food security. However, unlike previous studies, this study examines the effect of the adoption of multiple sustainable intensification practices on the improvement of food security among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Three basic conservation techniques, Agronomic (A), Biological (B) and Physical (P), are analyzed after derivation from 13 implemented soil and water conservation (SWC) practices using principal component analysis (PCA). The result of the multinomial endogenous switching regression (MNESR) shows that SIP adopters have a 55% higher food security, have 51% more access to clean water and sanitation, and consume at least one more dietary food item daily than non SIP adopters. A complete (A1B1P1) and combined (A0B1P1 and A1B1P0) package had the highest food security status as compared to other combination strategies, while single technology users gain the least benefit. Our findings strongly promote the adoption of a complete or combined SIP package in agriculture to leverage the full benefits associated with food security.
Hedonic Games with Externalities : Myopic , Farsighted and Individual Stability Concepts

Our objective is to study the stability of coalition structures in symmetric majority games and apex games. In this paper, we define hedonic games with externalities, in which each player’s preferences are defined over all possible partitions of the player set. We consider the coalition formation problems of symmetric majority games and apex games to be subclasses of hedonic games with externalities. Our stability concepts are classified into three types: myopic, farsighted, and individual. We demonstrate which coalition structure satisfies which stability concept.
Return Asymmetry , and the Accrual Anomaly

We find a positive association between short selling and accruals during 1988–2009, and that asymmetry between the upand downsides of the accrual anomaly is stronger when constraints on short arbitrage are more severe (low availability of loanable shares as proxied by institutional holdings). Short arbitrage occurs primarily among firms in the top accrual decile. Asymmetry is present only on NASDAQ. Thus, there is short arbitrage of the accrual anomaly, but short-sale constraints limit its effectiveness. ( JELG14, G11)
The use of hypnosedative drugs in a university hospital : has anything changed in ten years time ?

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The use of hypnosedative drugs in a university hospital: has anything changed in 10 years? Annemie Somers, Hugo Robays, Kurt Audenaert, Georges Maele, Marc Bogaert, Mirko Petrovic
Restrictive Versus Liberal Fluid Bolus Therapy in Pediatric Septic Shock: Should It Be Debated

To date, sepsis has contributed significantly to the child mortality rate, which is around 8.9% in developed countries to 14.2% in developing countries [1-3]. The most common cause of death (23.1-34.6%) was refractory shock [2-4], of which most occured in the first 3 days [5]. An additional hour of persistent shock was associated with >2-fold increased odds of mortality [6]. This shows that early treatment of septic shock is one of the keys to reduce sepsis mortality.
Identifying and Investigating Difficult Concepts in Engineering Mechanics and Electric Circuits. Research Brief.

This study extends ongoing work to identify difficult concepts in thermal and transport science and measure students’ understanding of those concepts via a concept inventory. Two research questions motivated this study: “What important concepts in electric circuits and engineering mechanics do students find difficult to learn? ” and “How can we describe students’ mental models of the concepts identified in the previous question? ” This study was designed with the hope that commonalities might be found among difficult concepts in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
Thermal and acoustic performance expectations on timber buildings

In recent years, building technologies have been developed in order to improve comfort and energy saving. European institutions and single countries firmly invite individuals to choose high energy-saving strategies in order to decrease carbon emissions and energy consumption. Examples could be found in thermal insulators added to façades and improvement of glazing performance. At present, two technologies are the most used in construction realization: traditional (concrete, masonry or in general heavyweight structure) or wood (timber, crosslam or in general timber lightweight structure). Designers, scientists and builders have their own opinions on these two topics, but good insulation performance are achievable with both of them. Nevertheless, for lay people as well as for designers, wooden structures seem more comfortable, reliable and insulated. Therefore, an international survey was realized in order to investigate what individuals expect from these two different construction technologies in terms of insulation performance. Results indicate that timber buildings stereotypes are confirmed for acoustic and thermal insulation and show how scientific communication may help to deal with new or untraditional constructions.
Coarticulation as synchronized dimension-specific sequential target approximation : An articulatory synthesis simulation

The present study tested the idea that coarticulation, despite involving overlap of articulatory gestures, is achieved by sequential target approximation at the level of individual articulator dimensions. For example, CV co-onset in a velar stop can be achieved by having the tongue body vertically move upward for a closure contact, while at the same time also moving horizontally to achieve the tongue shape for the vowel, resulting in velar contact locations that vary gradiently with adjacent vowels. We examined this hypothesis in an analysis-by-articulatorysynthesis paradigm, whereby vocal tract parameters were optimized to minimize acoustic differences between synthetic and natural speech. Results of a perceptual identification experiment demonstrated that syllables synthesized with articulatory parameters learned this way had fairly high intelligibility. Potential impacts of the findings on understanding coarticulation, coarticulation resistance and vocal learning as well as on articulatory synthesis are discussed.
STRUCTURE OF NESTED SEQUENCES OF BALLS IN BANACH SPACES

In this paper, we study the structure of the union of unbounded nested sequences of balls, and use them to characterize some geometric properties of X∗. We show that the union of an unbounded nested sequence of balls is a cone if the centers of the balls lie in a finite dimensional subspace. However, in general, such a union need not be a cone. In fact, examples can be constructed, up to renorming, in any infinite dimensional Banach space. We also study when such an union is the intersection of at most k half-spaces, and relate it with the number of extreme points of any face of the dual ball.
University of Southern Denmark Feeding-related controls on microbial nitrogen cycling associated with the Arctic marine copepod

The copepod Calanus hyperboreus, a key species of Arctic marine ecosystems, has a partially anoxic gut that is suspected to host anaerobic microbial activities. So far, however, only dead specimens have been studied in which gut processes are quickly abolished by microbial carcass degradation. Here, live specimens were exposed to different feeding regimes and ambient oxygen levels to study the controls on copepod-associated microbial nitrogen cycling in 15N-enrichment experiments. Algae-fed copepods exhibited consistently high rates of denitrification and low or variable rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (or nitrite), nitrification, and nitrous oxide release. Thus, live C. hyperboreus contribute to pelagic fixed-nitrogen loss through denitrification that is otherwise absent from oxygenated Arctic surface waters. The feeding-related controls on copepod-associated anaerobic nitrogen cycling are supported by significantly reduced rates in starved copepods. In addition, freshly released fecal pellets showed similar patterns of nitrogen cycling as fed copepods. Unlike in previous studies on copepod carcasses, low ambient oxygen levels did not stimulate anaerobic nitrogen cycling in live specimens, supporting that the C. hyperboreus gut is anoxic, irrespective of ambient oxygen levels. Fecal pellets and carcasses retained denitrification activity for 4 d of simulated sinking. We estimate that during the time of the Arctic spring bloom, pelagic denitrification associated with live specimens, fecal pellets, and carcasses of C. hyperboreus is equivalent to ~12% of the benthic fixed-nitrogen loss. This estimate increases to ~28%, provided that the abundant sibling species C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus exhibit denitrification activities in proportion to their smaller body size. A bottle full of copepods dominated by Calanus hyperbo reus specimens (collected in Disko Bay, West Greenland) in which microbial denitrification activity was found. Photo: Peter Stief OPEN ACCESS
Weak localization and electron – electron scattering in fl uorine-doped SnO 2 random nanobelt thin fi lms

Electronic properties of self-assembled high crystalline quality fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nanobelts were studied. We report the experimental transport data of a thin film made using a dispersion of these single-crystal nanobelts. We have shown that the theory of weak localization in a weak disorder regime provides a reasonable description of the observed electrons’ transport characteristics of fluorine doped tin oxide nanobelts thin films. Also, our results suggest that the macroscopic extrinsic disorder, related to the random distribution of nanobelts, does not give a noticeable contribution to the whole transport
Entire Large Solutions to Semilinear Elliptic Systems of Competitive Type

We consider the elliptic system ∆u=p(|x|)uavb, ∆v=q(|x|)ucvd on Rn (n≥3) where a, b, c, d are nonnegative constants with max{a,d}≤1, and the functions p and q are nonnegative, continuous, and the support of min{p(r),q(r)} is not compact. We establish conditions on p and q, along with the exponents a, b, c, d, which ensure the existence of a positive entire solution satisfying lim|x|→∞ u(x)= lim|x|→∞ v(x)=∞. AMS Subject Classifications: 35J47, 35B44 Chinese Library Classifications: O175.25
Response of Different Potassium Application Rates on Growth, Yield, Carbohydrates and Protein Content of Mungbean (Vignaradiata L.)

The study was conducted at Kyungpook National University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences experimental site, Daegu, South Korea from November 2017/2018.The research objectives were to investigate the response of different potassium applicationsrates on the growth and yield of mungbean in the greenhouse and outside and to find the best potassium application rate on mungbean for enhancing high production. The field experimental design was a randomized complete block design and each treatment had four replications. Mungbean (Vignaradiata L.) was grown under five levels of potassium K1 (0g/pot), K2 (0.13g/pot), K3 (0.3g/pot), K4 (0.5g/pot) and K5 (0.63g/pot). The results showed that different potassium fertilizer applications have significantly affected the growth and yield of mungbean both inside and outside of the greenhouse. The application of K4 (0.5g/pot) produced the maximum seed yield (7.81g) inside the greenhouse and (8.16g) outside. The lowest yield (3.11g) and (3.82g) were observed at K1 (0g/pot) inside and outside of the greenhouse respectively. Total carbohydrates and total proteins content were significantly increased by increasing applications of potassium. It can be concluded that the application of K4 (0.5g/pot) have shown the best results and can be used to get the maximum growth and yield of mungbean both inside and outside of greenhouse conditions. The potassium application outside condition gave a significantly higher growth and seed yield than inside the greenhouse.
EFFECTS OF WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK ON STUDENTS OF INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY , BANGLADESH

Being in the spotlight in the field of second language teaching, corrective feedback has generated a lot of arguments and debate regarding how effective it truly is. Using a mixed method design, this study aimed to find out the effects of using corrective feedback on student’s writing, specifically in the area of subject-verb agreement. Quantitative analysis was carried out to see the effects corrective feedback had on the students, whether their writing improved or not, and how they perceived corrective feedback itself. The subjects were students of lower-intermediate to intermediate level, their writing and the revisions done along with the quantitative data from the surveys led to the findings that students prefer receiving grammatical corrective feedback and that it seems to have slightly positive effect on students’ accuracy. However, any concrete statements cannot be made at this stage as only through delayed testing can the study truly measure students’ uptake.