Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMEM2: a meteoroid environment model for the inner solar system

Context. The interplanetary dust complex is currently understood to be largely the result of dust production from Jupiter-family comets, with contributions also from longer-period comets (Halley- and Oort-type) and collisionally produced asteroidal dust. Aims. Here we develop a dynamical model of the interplanetary dust cloud from these source populations in order to develop a risk and hazard assessment tool for interplanetary meteoroids in the inner solar system. Methods. The long-duration (1 Myr) integrations of dust grains from Jupiter-family and Halley-type comets and main belt asteroids were used to generate simulated distributions that were compared to COBE infrared data, meteor data, and the diameter distribution of lunar microcraters. This allowed the constraint of various model parameters. Results. We present here the first attempt at generating a model that can simultaneously describe these sets of observations. Extended collisional lifetimes are found to be necessary for larger (radius ≥ 150 μm) particles. The observations are best fit with a differential size distribution that is steep (slope = 5) for radii ≥ 150 μm, and shallower (slope = 2) for smaller particles. At the Earth the model results in ~ 90–98% Jupiter-family comet meteoroids, and small contributions from asteroidal and Halley-type comet particles. In COBE data we find an approximately 80% contribution from Jupiter-family comet meteoroids and 20% from asteroidal particles. The resulting flux at the Earth is mostly within a factor of about two to three of published measurements.
Effect of Ap-Index of Geomagnetic Activity on S&P 500 Stock Market Return

Geomagnetic activity with global influence is an essential object of space weather research and is a significant link in the section of the solar wind-magnetospheric coupling process. Research so far provides strong evidence that geomagnetic activity affects stock investment decisions by influencing human health, mood, and human behaviours. Therefore, this research investigates the empirical association between geomagnetic activity and stock market return. Overall, we find that geomagnetic activity exerts a negative influence on the return of the US stock market. Further, market liquidity effectively magnifies the effect of geomagnetic activity. Inconsistent with previous literature, this effect is not mainly caused by the semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity. Our research contributes to the introduction of geomagnetic indices to financial economics studies on the impact of geomagnetic activity influence on stock market return.
Syntactical Knowledge based Stemmer for Automatic Document Summarization

With the rapid growth of the data in the Internet the users are overloaded with huge amounts of information which is more difficult to access large volumes of documents. Automatic text summarization technique is an important activity in the analysis of high volume text documents. Text Summarization is condensing the source text into a shorter version preserving its information content and overall meaning. The proposed system generates a summary for a given input document based on identification and extraction of important sentences in the document. The model will consist of four steps. In first stage, the system decomposes the given text into its constituent sentences. The second stage removes the stop words, stemming the text. Assignment of the POS tag will be done in third stage using dependency grammar. Finally the sentences will be ranked depending on feature terms. The paper presents our work done till the stemming process. The stemmer implemented here promises good results.
Topics in access, storage, and sensor networks

In the first part of this dissertation, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) and IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet Passive Optical Network (ETON), two access networking standards, are studied. We study the impact of two parameters of the DOCSIS protocol and derive the probability of message collision in the 802.3ah device discovery scheme. We survey existing bandwidth allocation schemes for EPONs, derive the average grant size in one such scheme, and study the performance of the shortest-job-first heuristic. In the second part of this dissertation, we study networks of mobile sensors. We make progress towards an architecture for disconnected collections of mobile sensors. We propose a new design abstraction called tours which facilitates the combination of mobility and communication into a single design primitive and enables the system of sensors to reorganize into desirable topologies alter failures. We also initiate a study of computation in mobile sensor networks. We study the relationship between two distributed computational models of mobile sensor networks: population protocols and self-similar functions. We define the notion of a self-similar predicate and show when it is computable by a population protocol. Transition graphs of population protocols lead its to the consideration of graph powers. We consider the direct product of graphs and its new variant which we call the lexicographic direct product (or the clique product). We show that invariants concerning transposable walks in direct graph powers and transposable independent sets in graph families generated by the lexicographic direct product are uncomputable. The last part of this dissertation makes contributions to the area of storage systems. We propose a sequential access detect ion and prefetching scheme and a dynamic cache sizing scheme for large storage systems. We evaluate the cache sizing scheme theoretically and through simulations. We compute the expected hit ratio of our and competing schemes and bound the expected size of our dynamic cache sufficient to obtain an optimal hit ratio. We also develop a stand-alone simulator for studying our proposed scheme and integrate it with an empirically validated disk simulator.
Tweaked residual convolutional network for face alignment

We propose a novel Tweaked Residual Convolutional Network approach for face alignment with two-level convolutional networks architecture. Specifically, the first-level Tweaked Convolutional Network (TCN) module predicts the landmark quickly but accurately enough as a preliminary, by taking low-resolution version of the detected face holistically as the input. The following Residual Convolutional Networks (RCN) module progressively refines the landmark by taking as input the local patch extracted around the predicted landmark, particularly, which allows the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract local shape-indexed features to fine tune landmark position. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed Tweaked Residual Convolutional Network approach outperforms existing methods.
Habitability of galaxies and the application of merger trees in astrobiology

Galaxies represent the main form of organization of matter in our universe. Therefore, they are of obvious interest for the new multidisciplinary field of astrobiology. In particular, to study habitability of galaxies represents one of the main emerging challenges of theoretical and numerical astrobiology. Its theoretical underpinnings are, however, often confused and vague. Here we present a systematic attempt to list and categorize major causal factors playing a role in emergent habitability of galaxies. Furthermore, we argue that the methodology of cosmological merger trees is particularly useful in delineating what are systematic and lawful astrobiological properties of galaxies at present epoch vs. those which are product of historical contingency and, in particular, interaction with wider extragalactic environment. Employing merger trees extracted from cosmological N-body simulations as a new and promising research method for astrobiology has been pioneered by Stanway et al. (2018). We analyse the general issue of applicability of merger trees and present preliminary results on a set of trees extracted from the Illustris Project. In a sense, this approach is directly complementary to using large-scale cosmological simulations to study habitable zones of individual galaxies with high mass/spatial resolution; taken together, they usher a new era of synergy and synthesis between cosmology and astrobiology.
Heat Transfer in a Porous Radial Fin: Analysis of Numerically Obtained Solutions

A time dependent nonlinear partial differential equation modelling heat transfer in a porous radial fin is considered. The Differential Transformation Method is employed in order to account for the steady state case. These solutions are then used as a means of assessing the validity of the numerical solutions obtained via the Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. In order to engage in the stability of this scheme we conduct a stability and dynamical systems analysis. These provide us with an assessment of the impact of the nonlinear sink terms on the stability of the numerical scheme employed and on the dynamics of the solutions.
Dual-Band Single-Layer Microstrip Patch Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth and Beamwidth Based on Reshaped Multiresonant Modes

A dual-band single-layer microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with simultaneous improvement in impedance bandwidth and radiation beamwidth is proposed in this communication. The performances of the MPA are implemented by resonating its radiative TM10 and TM12 modes at the lower and upper bands, respectively. Initially, the far-zone radiated fields of the MPA working in the TM10 mode are theoretically investigated. It demonstrates that its E-plane half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the lower band is significantly widened by removing the array factor between dual equivalent slots. After that, the MPA working in TM12 mode is deeply studied and analyzed. The results depict that its wide E-plane HPBW and low H-plane sidelobe level (SLL) in the upper band could be obtained by reshaping radiation patterns of its improved TM12 mode via the shorting pins. Additionally, a linear slot is cut on the core radiator so as to achieve a good impedance matching. With these arrangements, the E-plane HPBW, H-plane SLL, and impedance bandwidth of this designed MPA can be simultaneously enhanced in the dual bands. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the antenna has gained an improved bandwidth ( $\vert S_{11}\vert < $ –10 dB) ranging from 3.45 to 3.77 GHz and 5.75 to 6.04 GHz with two attenuation poles. Most importantly, the HPBW of its E-plane radiation pattern is successfully widened to around 135° over these dual operating bands. Moreover, the high H-plane SLL of the antenna is decreased to about −10 dB in the upper band.
Time-consistent strategies for multi-period mean-variance portfolio optimization with the serially correlated returns

Abstract In this paper, we discuss several different styles of multi-period mean-variance portfolio optimization problems under the serially correlated returns. We derive the time-consistent strategies for the classical multi-period mean-variance optimization with and without risk-free asset using a backward induction approach. We also propose an alternative multi-period mean-variance model, and the corresponding time-consistent strategies are derived. Whereafter, we provide some portfolio evaluation indexes and perform extensive empirical studies based on real data, aiming to provide useful advice for investors. To a large extent, the empirical results answer one important and practical question: in actual investment situations, which strategy is preferred by different investors?
Pain and spatial inclusion: evidence from Mandarin

The surface grammar of reports such as ‘I have a pain in my leg’ suggests that pains are objects which are spatially located in parts of the body. We show that the parallel construction is not available in Mandarin. Further, four philosophically important grammatical features of such reports cannot be reproduced. This suggests that arguments and puzzles surrounding such reports may be tracking artefacts of English, rather than philosophically significant features of the world.
Cross-Correlation of POD Spatial Modes for the Separation of Stochastic Turbulence and Coherent Structures

This article describes a proper-orthogonal-decomposition (POD) based methodology proposed for the identification and separation of coherent and turbulent velocity fluctuations. Typically, POD filtering requires assumptions to be made on the cumulative energy content of coherent modes and can therefore exclude smaller, but important contributions from lower energy modes. This work introduces a suggested new metric to consider in the selection of POD modes to be included in a reconstruction of coherent and turbulent features. Cross-correlation of POD spatial modes derived from independent samples is used to identify modes descriptive of either coherent (high-correlation) or incoherent (low-correlation) features. The technique is demonstrated through application to a cylinder in cross-flow allowing appropriate analysis to be carried out on the coherent and turbulent velocity fields separately. This approach allows identification of coherent motions associated with cross-flow transport and vortex shedding, such as integral length scales. Turbulent flow characteristics may be analysed independently from the coherent motions, allowing for the extraction of properties such as turbulent length scale.
Unified empirical likelihood ratio tests for functional concurrent linear models and the phase transition from sparse to dense functional data

We consider the problem of testing functional constraints in a class of functional concurrent linear models where both the predictors and the response are functional data measured at discrete time points. We propose test procedures based on the empirical likelihood with bias‐corrected estimating equations to conduct both pointwise and simultaneous inferences. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived under the null and local alternative hypotheses, where sparse and dense functional data are considered in a unified framework. We find a phase transition in the asymptotic null distributions and the orders of detectable alternatives from sparse to dense functional data. Specifically, the tests proposed can detect alternatives of √n‐order when the number of repeated measurements per curve is of an order larger than nη0 with n being the number of curves. The transition points η0 for pointwise and simultaneous tests are different and both are smaller than the transition point in the estimation problem. Simulation studies and real data analyses are conducted to demonstrate the methods proposed.
Survival, Reproduction, and Functional Efficiency

The article examines the relationship between a trait’s effect on survival and reproduction and the notion of functional efficiency underlying the biostatistical theory of health (BST). BST faces the problem of how to measure a trait’s joint effect on survival and reproduction in its account of function. If one measures the joint effect by means of the biological notion of fitness, examples such as the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome do not count as a disorder. If one does not invoke biological fitness, it is unclear how to measure the joint effect while keeping to BST’s naturalist credentials.
ANALISIS PENGARUH ZIS, BELANJA DAERAH, KEMISKINAN DAN PDRB KAPITA TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI 19 PROVINSI INDONESIA PERIODE 2014-2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendistribusian Zakat, Infak dan Sedekah (ZIS), Belanja Daerah, Kemiskinan serta PDRB per Kapita terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di 19 provinsi Indonesia tahun 2014 hingga 2017. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari publikasi BPS, Kementerian Keuangan serta Laporan BAZNAS. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan fixed effect model. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui secara parsial variabel ZIS dan PDRB per Kapita berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IPM. Sementara variabel Belanja Daerah dan Kemiskinan secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap IPM. Secara simultan variabel ZIS, Belanja Daerah, Kemiskinan dan PDRB per Kapita berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPM dengan koefisien determinasi disesuaikan (Adjusted R-Square) sebesar 0.993. Kata kunci: IPM, ZIS, Belanja Daerah, Kemiskinan, PDRB Kapita.
UK regional nowcasting using a mixed frequency vector auto‐regressive model with entropic tilting

Output growth data for the UK regions are available at only annual frequency and are released with significant delay. Regional policy makers would benefit from more frequent and timely data. We develop a stacked, mixed frequency vector auto‐regression to provide, each quarter, nowcasts of annual output growth for the UK regions. The information that we use to update our regional nowcasts includes output growth data for the UK as a whole, as these aggregate data are released in a more timely and frequent (quarterly) fashion than the regional disaggregates which they comprise. We show how entropic tilting methods can be adapted to exploit the restriction that UK output growth is a weighted average of regional growth. In our realtime nowcasting application we find that the stacked mixed frequency vector‐autoregressive model, with entropic tilting, provides an effective means of nowcasting the regional disaggregates exploiting known information on the aggregate.
Foliations with Morse singularities

Neste trabalho estudamos folheacoes suaves de codimensao um com singularidades de Morse sem conexoes de sela em variedades fechadas. Nos estendemos os resultados de [2], [3], que sao extensoes do resultado classico de Reeb em [15], [17] e o resultado de E Wagneur [44]. Em particular, estendemos o seguinte resultado de [2] que diz, uma variedade fechado conexo e orientada tres dimensional admitindo folheacao de Morse ter mais singularidades centro de selas e difeomorfico de tres esferas. Nos estendemos seu caso n-dimensional tambem que e em [3]. Nos tambem estender tipo teorema de Haefliger para S 3 . Em [2], [3] os resultados tem sido provado por meio da tecnica de eliminar pares de centro- selas triviais de singularidades. Neste trabalho, provar os mesmos resultados em [2], [3] por acoplamento e eliminacao de par de selas complementares.
Distribution of different types of expressive lexicon in 18–24-month-old Sorani-Kurdish-speaking children

Background: In the age of 18–19 months, a child’s lexicon increases by acquisition of five words per week. Linguists consider this a period of vocabulary spurt. In the early stages of language acquisition, the diversity of vocabulary also increases in addition to an increase in the number of words. The goal of the present study was to examine the distribution of different types of expressive words in 18–24-month-old Sorani-Kurdish-speaking children. Methods: The present research was conducted in a longitudinal form (for three months) on 16 Kurdish infants of Bukan )four girls and four boys of 18 months in age, and four girls and four boys of 21 months). Normal children were selected, based on their health and demographic records. The data collection materials included a weekly vocabulary recording sheet, a vocabulary list, and a demographic questionnaire. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software, with the significance level set at 0 . 05. Since the data were normally distributed, independent samples were subjected to T-tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the vocabulary distribution (nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs) in gender and age groups. Results: There was no significant difference between genders in the number and type of words (p>0.05). In both groups, with increasing age, the number and variation of the words increased (p<0.05). The most frequently expressed words were nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Among the expressed nouns, the most common ones were food categories (19.51%). Of the expressed adjectives, the most common ones related to condition. Among the expressed verbs, the most common ones were imperatives (80%) and positives (90%). Among the expressed adverbs, the most common ones were adverbs of place (90%). Conclusion: It seems from the findings that the distribution and diversity of vocabulary categories follow a pattern similar to other languages.
Introducing Along-Track Error Correlations for Altimetry Data in a Regional Ocean Prediction System

Because of the systematic error in the processing of altimetry data, sea level anomaly (SLA) observation errors are likely affected by nonnegligible spatial correlations. To account for these, we exploit the synergy of altimetry data with in situ profiles from gliders, piloted to follow the altimetry tracks during the Long-Term Glider Mission for Environmental Characterization 2017 (LOGMEC17) observational campaign in the Ligurian Sea. The assimilation of along-track unfiltered sea level anomalies in a regional ocean analysis and forecast system is consequently optimized by means of introducing spatial correlations for the SLA observation errors. In particular, collocated data of glider and altimetry are used to derive an along-track error covariance model for the sea level anomaly assimilation, assuming that most of the covariance behavior versus separation distance stems from altimetry. Spatial scales of the altimetry error are found to have a correlation radius of about 12 km for the dataset utilized in the Ligurian Sea, using a simple Gaussian shape for the error correlation, shorter than the correlation radius found through assimilation output diagnostics. A variational data assimilation system is modified to relax the usual assumption of uncorrelated altimetry observation errors, thus allowing for along-track error correlations. Its implementation provides promising results in the regional ocean prediction system, outperforming in most verification skill scores the use of uncorrelated observational errors without compromising the analysis scheme efficiency.
Charge transfer and electromagnetic enhancement processes revealed in the SERS and TERS of a CoPc thin film

Abstract Phthalocyanines are frequently used as probing molecules in the field of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). In this work, we systematically compare the SERS and TERS spectra from a thin cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) film that is deposited on a Au film. The contributions from electromagnetic (EM), resonance, and charge-transfer enhancements are discussed. Radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams are used to investigate the influences of molecular orientation and the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Furthermore, two different excitation wavelengths (636 and 532 nm) are used to study the resonant excitation effect as well as the involvement of the charge-transfer processes between CoPc and the Au substrate. It is shown that the Raman peaks of CoPc are mostly enhanced by 636 nm excitation through a combination of resonant excitation, high EM enhancement, and chemical enhancement via charge transfer from the metal to the molecule. At 532 nm excitation, however, the SERS and TERS spectra are dominated by photoluminescence, which originates from a photo-induced charge-transfer process from the optically excited molecule to the metal. The contributions of the different enhancement mechanisms explain the optical contrasts seen in the TERS images of Au nanodisks covered by the CoPc film. The insight achieved in this work will help to understand the optical contrast in sub- or single-molecule TERS imaging and apply SERS or TERS in the field of photocatalysis.