Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter and Deposition Fractions in Human Respiratory System in a Typical African City: Nairobi, Kenya

Information from elemental and mass composition of size-fractionated airborne particle matter (PM) provides insightful knowledge about their impact on human health, meteorology and climate. To attain insight into the nature of sizefractionated PM from a typical African city, samples were collected from an urban background site in Nairobi, Kenya, during the months of August and September in 2007. PM samples ranging in size from 0.06 to 16 µm aerodynamic diameter were collected on pre-weighed polycarbonate filters with 0.4 µm pore size using a nine-stage cascade impactor. Particles less than 0.06 µm were collected on a backup filter. A total of 170 samples were collected and analysed for trace elements using the Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The analysis showed that Si, Fe and S dominated in all size ranges and displayed unimodal mass-size distribution whereas K, Cu, Zn and Pb, depicted bimodal mass-size distribution highlighting the multiplicity of their sources. To estimate human exposure to PM, deposition fractions of both the coarse and fine PM in the human respiratory system were calculated. The deposited concentration was found to be highest in the head airways region compared to the tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions.
Effect of Group Counselling on Attitude of Senior Secondary School Students’ Towards Schooling in Federal Government College Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

The study investigated the effect of group counselling on attitude of senior secondary school students’ towards schooling in Federal Government College, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Two objectives were stated and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at . 05 level of significance. Experimental design was used for the study. The target population for the study comprised all the 356 (SS1) students in Federal Government College, Maiduguri. However, 30 students were drawn through random sampling technique as sample for the study. Three stages were used in collecting the data: pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment phases. Students Attitudes Towards Schooling Scale (SATSS) developed by the researchers was used for data collection. Pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the instrument. The data collected was tested using a Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient and reliability coefficient of . 76 was obtained which showed that the instrument was reliable for the purpose of this study. t-test of independent samples was used to test hypotheses one and two. The results were considered at P<. 05 level. The findings of the study showed that group counselling had significant effect on the attitude of senior secondary school students’ towards schooling in Federal Government College, Maiduguri. It was further found that gender has no significant effect on the attitude of senior secondary school students’ towards schooling in Federal Government College, Maiduguri. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that group counselling promoted favourable attitude of students towards schooling. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that Guidance and Counselling Unit of the Federal Government College Maiduguri should re-orient the students through information service on the benefits of positive attitude towards schooling. Keywords: effect, group counselling and attitude towards schooling
Stocking density effects on growth indices, survival and production of Thai Sharpunti, Barbonymus gonionotus (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) reared in earthen Ponds

To test the effects of stocking density on growth, survival and production of Thai Sharpunti (Barbonymus gonionotus) an experiment was carried out for a period of 2 months in 9 earthen ponds (each of 2.0 decimal). Three stocking densities were tested: ponds with 100, 200 and 300 fish per decimal designated as treatment T1, T2, T3 each having three replications that were randomly selected. At stocking, all the fishes were same age group having body weight of 2.05g. Fishes in all the experimental ponds were supplemented with Saudi Bangla nursery feed for the first 29 days and starter-1 feed for days of 30 to 64. Water quality parameters were within suitable range for fish culture. At the expiration of trial period, results showed significant differences (P<0.01) including weight gain, percent weight gain, average daily weight gain and specific growth rate among the three treatments (T1, T2 and T3 respectively), indicating the decrease of growth performance with the increasing stocking density, whereas total fish yield were higher with higher stocking density. The survival rate was estimated highest in T1 compared to other two treatments (T2 and T3). Considering the highest net production the stocking density applied in T3 found best, but more research still needed to further optimize stocking density of Thai Sharpunti in aquaculture ponds. Till then, stocking 300 B. gonionotus fish per decimal will yield a better production to fish farmers.
Male- biased dispersal and the potential impact of human-inducedhabitatmodificationsontheNeotropicalbat Trachops cirrhosus TanjaK.Halczok1,2 | StefanD.Brändel2,3 | VictoriaFlores2,4 | SébastienJ.Puechmaille1 | MarcoTschapka2,3 | RachelA.Page2 | GeraldKerth1

The amount of gene flow is an important determinant for genetic differentiation among populations (e.g., Slatkin, 1985). As it can influence effective population size, genetic diversity, local adaptation, and ultimately speciation, gene flow is one of the most important processes in both population genetics and ecology (e.g., Bohonak, 1999). In the absence of this transfer of genetic material between populations, a combination of mutations and genetic drift cause genetic divergence of populations. Gene flow between populations can Received: 18 January 2018 | Revised: 26 March 2018 | Accepted: 16 April 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4161
Determining the Levels of Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone in Patients on Hemodialysis

Summary Vitamin D deficiency is fequently observed in chronic kidney disease. We conducted this study to determine the concentration of the above-mentioned parameters and the correlation between them in order to optimize therapy with vitamin D in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. In 53 patients on hemodialysis due to ESRD, vitamin D [Calcidiol (25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, albuminuria, albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and other parameters have been followed up. Analysis of the levels of vitamin D has been carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the PTH is determined by the system Centaur XP, Siemens Diagnostic, Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and for albumin in urine we used immunological method [Miltigent microalbumin assay (Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics). We found out deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in 56.6% and 37.7%, as well as average 4.5 times increase in the PTH, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, albuminuria (A2 or A3), over 10 times increase in the ACR, secondary hyperparathyroidism. We registered a negative correlation between vitamin D and PTH. We confirmed the increase in creatinine and cystatin C in the patients on hemodialysis. There are few literature data for patients on hemodialysis, however, regarding the extent of the vitamin deficiency and its relationship with PTH, albuminuria, calcium, phosphorus, etc. Our data have indicated that patients on hemodialysis due to ESRD are associated with high incidence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.
HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS AND INVENTORY MODEL BASED ON PROBABILISTIC CELLULAR AUTOMATA

Logistics and inventory operations, which involve transportation, communication, and storage management, are a crucial part of disaster relief. Chaotic conditions after a disaster might cause imbalances in the inventory level at each storage location or shelter. To ensure an even level of inventory among shelters, a new approach for modeling logistics and inventory operations after a natural disaster using probabilistic cellular automata is proposed. In our model, two states – normal and abnormal – represent the inventory level of each shelter. Each shelter receives items from a central warehouse and can transfer their items to other shelters. Our model uses eight parameters to characterize the dynamic interactions among shelters.
Atmospheric field variations before the March 31, 2002 M6.8 earthquake in Taiwan

Atmospheric electric field (AEF) observations and other concurrent measurements have been carried out in Taiwan over a three-year period in the context of seismo-electromagnetic studies. Generally, AEF variations appear to be due to meteorological effects. However, there seems to have been a correlation between AEF and the largest M6.8 earthquake on 31 March, 2002.
Role of Zinc in Plant Nutrition- A Review

Zinc is plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions its inadequate supply will reduce crop yields. Zinc deficiency is the most wide spread micronutrient deficiency problem, almost all crops and calcareous, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are expected to be deficient. Zinc deficiencies can affect plant by stunting its growth, decreasing number of tillers, chlorosis and smaller leaves, increasing crop maturity period, spikelet sterility and inferior quality of harvested products. Beside its role in crop production Zn plays a part in the basic roles of cellular functions in all living organisms and is involved in improving the human immune system, due to its insufficient intake, human body will suffer from hair and memory loss, skin problems and weakness in body muscles.
Composition and Biological Properties of Agaricus bisporus Fruiting Bodies – a Review

Abstract White Agaricus bisporus is both the most popular and the most commonly eaten edible mushroom species in the world. It is popular not only because of its taste, but also due to its high level of nutrients: dietary fiber (chitin), essential, semi-essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and linolenic acids, easily digestible proteins, sterols, phenolic and indole compounds, and vitamins − especially provitamin D2 and B1, B2, B6, B7, and C. Fruiting bodies of A. bisporus have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activity. The presence of antioxidant ergothioneine (which also displays the antimutagenic, chemo- and radioprotective activity) is also noteworthy. A. bisporus also contains derivatives of benzoquinone, a substance which belongs to the group of antibiotics. Studies of tyrosinase isolated from this species show its very high similarity to human tyrosinase. This points directly to the fact that this species could be a rich source of tyrosinase used for medicinal and cosmetics purposes. A. bisporus is also a rich source of selenium, zinc and other elements such as magnesium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur or manganese. In conclusion, the presence of these compounds and elements with biological activity in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus confirms their nutraceutical and medicinal properties.
Effect of the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves and Seeds of Avocado Pear ( Persea Americana ) On Some Marker Enzymes and Cholesterol in the Albino Rat Tissues

The effects of various doses of aqueous extract of the leaves and seeds of Persea Americana, a widely used medicinal plant, on the enzyme activities of some rat tissues were studied. The effect of these extracts on cholesterol as a metabolite was also investigated. The enzymes assayed were Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphate (ACP), Alanine Aminotransaminase(ALT), and Aminoaspartate Transaminase (AST). The results obtained showed that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05), in the activities of all enzymes studied in the liver of the rat. There was a concomitant increase in the activities of these enzymes in the plasma possibly due to leakages into the blood. This result indicates a probable damage to the hepatic cells which may be as a result of prolonged usage of the aqueous extract of the leaves and seeds of Persea Americana. Also, there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the cholesterol level in the plasma and liver of rats. The result obtained indicates Persea Americana to have hypocholesteric effect, thereby suggesting it may help in the treatment of hypertension and thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Book-tax conformity: empirical evidence from Germany

We use a unique matched tax return-financial statement data set to examine the magnitude and sources of book-tax differences in Germany. For the first time, the data set enables us to evaluate the extent to which financial and tax accounting differ in Germany in the most accurate manner. Despite the close link between financial and tax accounting in Germany, we find that corporate taxable income and income reported to shareholders diverge considerably. Regression results suggest that this reporting gap is largely attributable to legal differences between financial and tax accounting and we cannot provide evidence that tax aggressive reporting adds to it. However, further analyses show that firms actively engaged in corporate restructuring exhibit larger book-tax differences than other firms. We interpret this result as evidence of firms willing to give up the administrative advantages of a one-book accounting system in order to achieve desired tax or financial accounting result, if book-tax conformity is not required. Thus, the results not only provide insights into the relatively unexplored area of behavioral response to changes in the degree of book-tax conformity, but also add a new perspective to the discussion surrounding the implementation of the German Accounting Law Modernization Act (BilMoG) in 2010.
Analysis of Simulated and Measured Indoor Channels for mm-Wave Beamforming Applications

Ray tracing- (RT-) assisted beamforming, where beams are directly steered to dominant paths tracked by ray tracing simulations, is a promising beamforming strategy, since it avoids the time-consuming exhaustive beam searching adopted in conventional beam steering strategies. The performance of RT-assisted beamforming depends directly on how accurate the spatial profiles of the radio environment can be predicted by the RT simulation. In this paper, we investigate how ray tracing-assisted beamforming performs in both poorly furnished and richly furnished indoor environments. Single-user beamforming performance was investigated using both single beam and multiple beams, with two different power allocation schemes applied to multibeamforming. Channel measurements were performed at 28–30 GHz using a vector network analyzer equipped with a biconical antenna as the transmit antenna and a rotated horn antenna as the receive antenna. 3D ray tracing simulations were carried out in the same replicated propagation environments. Based on measurement and ray tracing simulation data, it is shown that RT-assisted beamforming performs well both for single and multibeamforming in these two representative indoor propagation environments.
Modeling optical properties of mineral dust over the Indian Desert

[1] The direct radiative forcing (DRF) of dust particles is most uncertain among all the major aerosol species because of the large regional variation in their shapes and composition. The Indian Desert is known to be a source of natural mineral dust of nonspherical shapes. Particle shape and exact mineralogical information are essential for modeling dust optical properties as the latter governs their refractive indices. The realistic dust shapes, namely, sphere, spheroid, Chebyshev, and cylinder, based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, have been used to model the mineral dust optics of the Indian Desert using the T-matrix method. The particle radius from 0.1 to 5.0 μm has been considered at wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared (0.38–1.2 μm). Using Bruggman's effective medium mixing rule, the refractive index of composite dust particle has been calculated, accounting for both nonmetallic and metallic component (as hematite). Our calculations show that increasing the hematite percentage from 0% to 10% results in reduction of 0.477 and 0.013 in single scattering albedo (SSA) for cylindrical particle of radius 1 μm at 0.38 and 1.02 μm wavelengths, respectively, while the same for volume equivalent spherical particle were 0.484 and 0.022, respectively. The scattering signature of sharp-edged cylindrical particle showed the largest deviation to sphere compared with that of other relatively smooth particles (spheroid and Chebyshev). Changes in dust optical properties because of nonsphericity and varying hematite percentage were estimated for two cases: background dust and dust storm at visible wavelength. The change in SSA between the above two cases was insignificant for particles of radii <0.4 μm for each hematite percentage considered. On the other hand, for particles of size range 0.4–1 μm, the change in SSA increases with increasing hematite percentage. A 6% increase in hematite leads to an SSA reduction of more than 0.2 for particle radius of 1 μm for both background dust and dust storm cases. Optical properties of polydisperse dust distribution at visible wavelength suggest the likely hematite percentage as 0%–4% in the Indian mineral desert dust. The effect of hematite variation on SSA is found to be stronger than particle nonsphericity. The present work will lead to a better estimation of the radiative forcing imposed by dusts as well as their satellite retrieval over the Indian Desert region.
Preventing School Failure : Alternative Education for Children and Youth

Spurred by preservice teachers’ perceptions that diversity issues such as poverty would not affect their teaching, professors in 1 southeastern U.S. elementary teacher–preparation program took action, which resulted in this examination of the culture of poverty and the identification of strategies to best serve children living in poverty. The authors explored the effect of poverty in the role of schools, families, and teachers. In this article, they identify key strategies that focus on providing a strong support system for children living in poverty. The authors make recommendations on how teacher-preparation programs could infuse the teaching of these strategies into programs.
Outcomes and Factors Affecting HIV Status Disclosure to Regular Sexual Partner among Women Attending Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic

Introduction: HIV infected individuals face a number of challenges when they disclose their sero-status. Although discloser improves access to HIV prevention, increased opportunities for risk reduction and increased opportunities to plan for the future, HIV positive status discloser is lower in developing countries. Objective: To assess outcomes and factors affecting HIV status discloser to regular sexual partner among women attending anti-retroviral treatment clinic at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital. Method and materials: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 191 randomly selected HIV positive women attending Hawassa university referral hospital ART Clinic from Mar 1 –Mar 30 in 2017. The data was collected after having ethical clearance letter from institutional review board and consent from client. Data were collected through interview using pre-tested questioners. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done and final significantly associated factors were identified on the basis of OR with 95% CI. Results: over all 72.9 of the women has disclosed their HIV status to sexual partners. Among those disclosed their HIV positive status, 54.1% get their freedom to have follow up. While 30% get their freedom to use condom. Negative outcomes associated with status disclosure were stigma 11.6%, discrimination 10.1% and psychological violence 5%. Women who had rough relation with her 89% less likely to disclose their status as compared to women with smooth relationship (AOR=0.11 955CI 0.01, 0.119). Women who had children were 9.89 times more likely to disclose their status to sexual partners than their counter parts (AOR 9.89, 95% CI 2.68, 36.36 ). women who received counseling were almost 7 times more likely disclose their HIV status to their sexual partner (AOR=5.63 95%CI 2.24, 14.13) . Conclusion: HIV positive status discloses to sexual partners was found to be low.HIV status disclosure was accompanied by both negative and positive consequences. Presence of offspring, counseling, relationship status before status disclosure was factors associated with HIV positive status disclosure.
2010-3 Optimal Mechanism for Selling Two Goods

We solve for the optimal mechanism for selling two goods when the buyer’s demand characteristics are unobservable. In the case of substitutable goods, the seller has an incentive to offer lotteries over goods in order to charge the buyers with large differences in the valuations a higher price for obtaining their desired good with certainty. However, the seller also has a countervailing incentive to make the allocation of the goods among the participating buyers more efficient in order to increase the overall demand. In the case when the buyer can consume both goods, the seller has an incentive to underprovide one of the goods in order to charge the buyers with large valuations a higher price for the bundle of both goods. As in the case of substitutable goods, the seller also has a countervailing incentive to lower the price of the bundle in order to increase the overall demand. JEL classification: C78; D42; D82; L11
Failure of intuition when presented with a choice between investing in a single goal or splitting resources between two goals

In a series of related experiments, we ask people to choose whether to split their attention between two equally likely potential tasks, or prioritise one task at the expense of the other. When the tasks are easy, the best strategy is to prepare for both of them. As di culty increases beyond the point where participants can perform both tasks accurately, they should switch strategy and focus on one task at the expense of the other. Across three di↵erent modalities (target detection, throwing, and memory), none of the participants switch strategy at the correct point. Moreover, the majority consistently fail to modify their behaviour with task di culty at all. This failure may be related to uncertainty about the trial outcome, because in a version of the experiment in which there is no uncertainty, participants were uniformly optimal.