Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Reducing the Black Economy be an Alternative Solution for Solving Poverty in Turkey

Government is fighting with the black economy particularly in the relatively underdeveloped regions of our country. In this regard, the searches for a solution to the black economy in the underdeveloped regions have being used for both maintaining inter regional income distribution equity and also reducing the poverty. In this study, the monetary ratio will be used in order to estimate the black economy and Republic of Turkey Central Bank database will be used in this regard. And in the appraisals with regards to the poverty the parameters of interregional income distribution and some kind of social development parameters obtained from TurkStat (Turkish Statistical Institute) and SPO (State Planning Organization). As a summary this study is aiming to put forth that whether the solution searches to the black economy may bring a solution to the poverty in the long run as well.
SLEEP AS A DETERMINANT OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE, SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA

Sleep has been found to be of the least priority of most individuals especially students. This may not be unconnected with the fact that, they feel they must always meet up with deadlines in form of school assignments and examinations. A descriptive survey design was used to find the relationship between sleep and the academic performance of University students. The population comprised undergraduate students attending Private universities in Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. Three hundred and eight participants were randomly selected for the study. The Groninger Sleep Quality Questionnaire was adapted for the purpose of this study. The scale has response choices ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree, measuring the students’ sleep quality. The Cumulative Grade Point Average of the respondents was correlated with the amount of sleep, using Pearson moment correlation coefficient. The result shows a significant relationship between adequate / inadequate sleep and academic performance. The study has important implications for policy makers, school administrators and educators planning to improve students’ academic performance who should consider the potential benefits of taking a multidisciplinary approach at understanding and promoting the academic and behavioral wellness of the students.
GECO: Galaxy Evolution COde - A new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation

Aims. We present a new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation, GECO (Galaxy Evolution COde), aimed at a better understanding of when and how the two processes of star formation and galaxy assembly have taken place, by comparison with a wide variety of recent data on the evolutionary galaxy mass functions and star-formation histories. Methods. Our model is structured into a Monte Carlo algorithm based on the Extended Press-Schechter theory, for the representati on of the merging hierarchy of dark matter halos, and a set of ana lytic algorithms for the treatment of the baryonic physics, including classical recipes for the gas cooling, the star formation ti me-scales, galaxy mergers and SN feedback. Together with the galaxies, the parallel growth of BHs is followed in time and their feedback on the hosting galaxies is modelled. We set the model free parameters by matching with data on local stellar mass functions and the BH-bulge relation at z = 0. Results. Based on such local boundary conditions, we investigate how data on the high-redshift universe constrain our understan ding of the physical processes driving the evolution, focusing i n particular on the assembly of stellar mass and on the star fo rmation history. Since both processes are currently strongly constrained by cosmological near- and far-IR surveys with the Spitzer Space Telescope,
The Dawn of the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham By Aymenn

Hudson Institute is a nonpartisan, independent policy research organization dedicated to innovative research and analysis that promotes global security, prosperity, and freedom. Founded in 1961 by strategist Herman Kahn, Hudson Institute challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strategic transitions to the future through interdisciplinary studies in defense, international relations , economics, health care, technology, culture, and law. With offices in Washington and New York, Hud son seeks to guide public policymakers and global leaders in government and business through a vigorous program of publications, conferences, policy briefings, and recommendations. Hudson Institute is a 501(c)(3) organization financed by tax-deductible contributions from private individuals, corporations, foundations, and by government grants. Visit www.hudson. org for more information. Hudson Institute's Center on Islam conducts a wide-ranging program of research and analysis addressed to the political, religious, social, and other dynamics within majority Muslim countries and Muslim populations around the world. A principal focus of the Center's work is the ideological dynamic within Islam and the connected issue of how this political and religious debate impacts both Islamic radicalism and the Muslim search for moderate and democratic alternatives. Through its research, which includes collaboration with partners throughout the Muslim world and elsewhere, the Center aims to contribute to the development of effective policy options and strategies to win the worldwide struggle against radical Islam.
The Relationship between Learning Style and Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Speaking Performance

There are a number of factors which influence the success of learning foreign language including students’ learning styles. This study investigated language learning styles of Iranian EFL learners and their class achievement. To this end, sixty female intermediate learners of instruction and different ages (15-25), studying at a language institute in Rasht city were asked to take part in the study. A 30item language learning styles questionnaire developed by Reid (1987) was employed to elicit information for the study. The data obtained through the questionnaire were subjected to Pearson correlation in order to check the relationship between the learning style and students’ speaking achievement. Results showed that students use different learning styles in class and indicated that kinesthetic and group learning styles were the most favorable ones among Iranian EFL learners. The aforementioned styles positively correlated with the learners’ speaking achievement.
A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for the robust pollution-routing problem

Emissions resulted from transportation activities may lead to dangerous effects on the whole environment and human health. According to sustainability principles, in recent years researchers attempt to consider the environmental burden of logistics activities in traditional logistics problems such as vehicle routing problems (VRPs). The pollution-routing problem (PRP) is an extension of the VRP which consists of routing a number of vehicles to serve a set of customers and determining their speed on each route segment so as to minimize a function of comprising fuel, emissions and driver costs. This paper proposes an adaptive large neighborhood search for the robust PRP (RPRP) under demand uncertainty. The achieved results indicate a premium performance of the solutions obtained by the proposed robust models.
Simulation of Multiagent-Based Agile Manufacturing

At the Utrecht University of Applied Science we are developing an agent-based software infrastructure for agile industrial manufacturing of microdevices. This manufacturing is done on special devices called equiplets. A grid of these equiplets connected by a fast network is capable of producing an variety of different products in parallel. The multi-agent-based software infrastructure is responsible for the agile manufacturing. To test our concepts, a simulation was build based on the Jade framework, a Java-based framework for distributed multiagent systems. Index Terms – Software agents, Multi-agent systems, Agile manufacturing, Simulation.
Switchgrass root exudates have allelopathic potential on lettuce germination and seedling growth

Non-native plant species may inhibit the growth of native vegetation either by competing for resources or by secreting allelochemicals. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial grass that is adaptable to a wide range of environments, has recently been introduced to China's Loess Plateau as a forage and as a biofuel source. In this study, we assayed the allelopathic potential of root exudates from 11 switchgrass cultivars (Alamo, Blackwell, Cave-in-Rock, Dakota, Forestberg, Illinois USA, Kanlow, Nebraska 28, Pathfinder, Sunburst, and Unnamed) on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) germination and seedling growth. The root exudates were applied to lettuce seeds at three concentrations (1, 10, or 100 mg L−1). Germination percentage (Gp), germination speed (Gs), and allelopathic response index (RI) were calculated to compare the effects of the switchgrass cultivars. The results indicated that lettuce germination and seedling growth generally decreased as the concentration of root exudates increased. Root exudates of Forestberg generally reduced lettuce seedling growth, regardless of the concentration at which the exudates were applied. In contrast, depending on their concentration, root exudates of Nebraska 28 either had no significant effect or increased germination speed and lettuce seedling growth. Cluster analysis showed that Nebraska 28 and Forestberg had the highest allelopathic potential among the switchgrass cultivars. The allelopathic potential of Alamo and Kanlow were similar, suggesting that allelopathic potential is related to ecotype. These results provide important information for additional studies about allelopathic potential of switchgrass and about interactions between switchgrass and neighboring plants.
A micro-UAV with the capability of direct georeferencing

This paper presents the development of a low cost UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) with the capability of direct georeferencing. The advantage of such system lies in its high maneuverability, operation flexibility as well as capability to acquire image data without the need of establishing ground control points (GCPs). Moreover, the precise georeferencing offers an improvement in the final mapping accuracy when employing integrated sensor orientation. Such mode of operation limits the number and distribution of GCPs, which in turns save time in their signalization and surveying. Although the UAV systems feature high flexibility and capability of flying into areas that are inhospitable or inaccessible to humans, the lack of precision in positioning and attitude estimation on-board decrease the gained value of the captured imagery and limits their mode of operation to specific configurations and need of groundreference. Within a scope of this study we show the potential of present technologies in the field of position and orientation determination on a small UAV. The hardware implementation and especially the non-trivial synchronization of all components is clarified. Thanks to the implementation of a multi-frequency, low power GNSS receiver and its coupling with redundant MEMSIMU, we can attain the characteristic of a much larger systems flown on large carries while keeping the sensor size and weight suitable for MAV operations.
Running head : LATEST 1 LATEST : A Model of Saccadic Decisions in Space and Time

Many of our actions require visual information and for this it is important to direct the eyes to the right place at the right time. Two or three times every second, we must decide both when and where to direct our gaze. Understanding these decisions can reveal the moment-to-moment information priorities of the visual system and the strategies for information sampling employed by the brain to serve ongoing behaviour. Most theoretical frameworks and models of gaze control assume that the spatial and temporal aspects of fixation point selection depend on different mechanisms. We present a single model that can simultaneously account for both when and where we look. Underpinning this model is the theoretical assertion that each decision to move the eyes is an evaluation of the relative benefit expected from moving the eyes to a new location compared to that expected by continuing to fixate the current target. The eyes move when the evidence that favours moving to a new location outweighs that favouring staying at the present location. Our model provides not only an account of when the eyes move, but also what will be fixated. That is, an analysis of saccade timing alone enables us to predict where people look in a scene. Indeed our model accounts for fixation selection as well as (and often better than) current computational models of fixation selection in scene viewing.
Inter-annual mobility of nitrogen between beech rings: a labelling experiment

Mobilite de l'azote dans les cernes annuels de hetre: une experience de marquage. La concentration [N] et la composition isotopique (δ 15 N) de l'azote ont ete mesurees dans les cernes annuels d'arbres d'un jeune peuplement de hetre (Fagus sylvatica L.) du Nord-Est de la France, âges de 16 ans. Les analyses ont ete effectuees sur des echantillons de bois avant et apres l'extraction des composes labiles par des solvants organiques. Les arbres ont ete soumis a un enrichissement en 15 N par une solution d'uree pulverisee sur les feuilles. L'enrichissement a ete effectue durant trois annees successives: 1993, 1994 et 1995. Les arbres ont ete echantillonnes en 2001. Le δ 15 N du bois de l'arbre non marque variait entre -4 et -7 ‰. Le marquage a conduit a une augmentation significative de δ 15 N dans le bois brut pour les annees 1994, 1995 et 1996. On a egalement trouve des valeurs elevees de δ 15 N dans les cernes formes avant et apres la periode de marquage. Cela traduit une forte mobilite de N entre les cernes. L'extraction a elimine 36 % de l'azote total et 14 % du carbone. Le traitement applique a ameliore la resolution inter-annuelle de [N] et δ 15 N, mais n'a pas ramene le niveau du signal 15 N dans les cernes formes avant l'experience de marquage au meme niveau que ceux de l'arbre temoin. Apres extraction, on a observe une correlation significative entre les precipitations du mois d'aout et les variations inter-annuelles de [N] pour la periode 1990-2000.
The Role of Corporate Intellectual Capital

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test empirically the relationship between measures of intellectual capital to firm performance. The research was done by taking a sample of 78 companies from the manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange the period 2006-2008. Intellectual capital is measured by VAICTM developed by Pulic. While the size of the company's performance measured by ROE, EPS, ASR, ATO, PER, GR. The results of this study is that the Intellectual Capital (VAIC) proved to be significantly positive effect on the performance of the company, Intellectual Capital (VAIC) proved to be significantly positive effect on future company performance, average growth rate (ROGIC) did not show significant positive effect on depan. The company's performance of this research is expected to be additional information on business organization and performance assessment in the management of the company's intellectual capital to create value for companies that can provide a competitive advantage. Keywords: Intellectual capital, performance, competitive, value.
Video completion based on improved belief propagation

In this paper, a novel computer vision technique is introduced to fill the holes in a video sequence due to removal moving foreground objects. Contrary to existing greedy techniques, we regard the task as a global optimization problem, which can overcome the obstacle of visual inconsistencies and don't require user intervention. After the pixel extensions in the frame via our definitions, we can deal with the time information included in video sequence freely and well. By means of minimizing the energy defined on the 3d label graph, we could match the appropriate patches to fill the hole. Since the traditional standard BP will lead to efficient problem caused by a great deal of labels, we improve the standard belief propagation algorithm and apply a better algorithm called priority belief propagation. This algorithm use label pruning and priority based message scheduling method to reduce the computational cost. From the experiment results, we can discover our method can considerably speed up BP's convergence and the completion performance is impressive.
Architect and contractor attitudes to waste minimisation

Around 420 million t of materials are used each year in the construction industry in the UK; however, only 360 million t are incorporated into products. Additionally, construction and demolition activities in the UK generated more than 150 million t of waste in 1998 comprising 40% from the manufacture of products and 60% from site-based activities, including an estimated 13 million t of unused materials. Research has been undertaken to assess UK architects'p and contractors' attitudes towards waste minimisation, by investigating the integration of waste minimisation strategies into current design processes, examining contractors' existing waste management practices and establishing responsibilities for, and barriers to, managing waste minimisation. A questionnaire survey based on specific and interrelated organisational waste minimisation issues was conducted with architects and contractors and revealed that very few attempts are made to reduce waste during the design process. On the other hand, the resul.
Discourse Analysis and Media Attitudes: The Representation of Islam in the British Press

1. Introduction 2. Sketching Muslims: the big picture 3. Muslim or Moslem: differences between newspapers 4. The 9/11 effect: change over time 5. Welcome to Muslim world: collectivisation and differentiation 6. What's a devout Muslim? Ways of believing 7. From hate preachers to scroungers: who benefits? 8. Burqas and brainwashing: Muslims and gender 9. Does history rhyme? Earlier news representations of Muslims 10. Conclusion.
Delafield-Butt, Jonathan and Gangopadhyay, Nivedita (2013) Sensorimotor intentionality : the origins of intentionality in prospective agent

Efficient prospective motor control, evident in human activity from birth, reveals an adaptive intentionality of a primary, pre-reflective, and pre-conceptual nature that we identify here as sensorimotor intentionality. We identify a structural continuity between the emergence of this earliest form of prospective movement and the structure of mental states as intentional or content-directed in more advanced forms. We base our proposal on motor control studies, from foetal observations through infancy. These studies reveal movements are guided by anticipations of future effects, even from before birth. This implies that these movements, even if they are simple and discrete, are the actions of an intentional agent. We develop this notion to present a theory of the developing organisation of a core feature of cognition as embodied agent action, from early single actions with proximal prospectivity to the complex serial ordering of actions into projects to reach distal goals. We claim the prospective structural continuity from early and simple actions to later complex projects of serially-ordered actions confirms the existence of an ontogenetically primary form of content-directedness that is a driver for learning and development. Its implications for understanding autism are discussed.
Developing Self-Regulation by Using Reflective Support in a Video-Digital Microteaching Environment

Recent research efforts have established that self-regulated learning (SRL) is necessary for teachers to attain successful professional development. Our study addresses two central questions: under what conditions in preservice teachers' education can SRL processes be enhanced to the optimum level, and how can we assess these processes? The participants of the study were ninety-seven preservice teachers, who were engaged in real-time teaching in a video-digital Microteaching environment. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of two groups: reflective support (RS) for SRL or no support (NS) for SRL. Participants in the RS group were explicitly exposed to SRL aspects and were directed to address these aspects in their reflective discussions of the teaching experience. The SRL process was measured as an online event during real-time teaching exercises, based on a coding scheme developed for this study to identify and assess the SRL skills by two major aspects: metacognition (planning, information management, monitoring, debugging, and evaluating) and motivation (interest and value, self-efficacy, and teaching anxiety). Results indicate that the RS group outperformed the NS group in all SRL measures. Implications for reflective support for SRL and event measures of real-time observations of preservice teachers' SRL are discussed.
Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern Vipers – an update

Th e number of recognized viper species in the Near and Middle East has been raised signifi cantly in the last 25 years (Table 1). While some smaller genera remained more or less stable, the genus Vipera has been subdivided into four genera on the basis of molecular genetic data. Of these genera, Daboia contains the former Vipera palaestinae and D. russelii, Macrovipera the species M. lebetina, M. schweizeri and an undescribed, basal species from Iran, and Montivipera the former Vipera xanthina and V. raddei complexes. While the genetic diversity in the M. raddei complex is fairly low, it is high in the M. xanthina complex. Th is may give reason to synonymize several taxa in the M. raddei complex, while new taxa can be described in the Turkish M. xanthina complex. Th e number of known species in the Middle Eastern Saw-scaled vipers (genus Echis) must be raised from 2 to 6. Th ese species belong to 3 diff erent species complexes (an Asian, an African and an Arabian complex). A particularly high diversity of Echis is found in southern Arabia. Antivenom producers should pay particular attention to new species in the medically important genera Echis and Macrovipera.