Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Action potentials in maize sieve tubes change phloem translocation

The inhibition of phloem translocation caused by electric- and cold-shock was studied by macro- and microautoradiography in mature leaves of maize (Zea mays L.). In addition, both types of stimulation triggered action potentials with amplitudes of more than 50 mV which were transmitted without diminution in sieve tubes with velocities of 3-5 cm s -1 . By utilizing X-ray microanalysis ion concentrations of sieve tubes were measured in non-stimulated and stimulated leaves. It was shown that potassium and chloride diminished about 3-fold after stimulation while the amount of cytoplasmic calcium may have increased. These displacements lead to the conclusion that calcium influx as well as potassium and chloride efflux are involved in the propagation of action potentials
A constitutive model for soft clayey rocks that includes weathering effects

Microstructural and mineralogical observations of clay-stones reveal the presence of clay aggregates bonded by a skeleton of inert minerals such as calcium carbonate. The behaviour of these natural materials evolves from a rock-like behaviour, when undisturbed, to clay-like soil when weathered or when subjected to straining. A model has been developed to simulate the constitutive behaviour of these transitional materials. Following the proposal made by Vaunat & Gens, the material is conceived as a composite medium made of a clay matrix and a quasi-brittle bonding microstructure. The basic model has been modified and extended to reproduce the expansive behaviour of the clay matrix, a fundamental aspect to simulate weathering effects, induced largely by drying–wetting cycles. The clay matrix reacts to stress and suction changes, whereas the bond component is not affected by suction changes. An elasto-plastic double-structure model for expansive clay soils describes the clay matrix. The bonding structure fol.
The Association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) During Pregnancy and Birth Weight

Introduction: Intimate partner violence is referred to actual or threatened abuse by an intimate partner. These abuses are including sexual, physical, psychological, or emotional which can cause indirect adverse fetal health effects including low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. The results of some studies explain that the violence during pregnancy can affect the birth weight. The purpose of this research is therefore to examine Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and low birth weight. Materials and Methods: This is a correlation-descriptive analytical study. It was performed on 843 females that they were victims of violence (physical, psychological, and sexual) in Zahedan in south-east of Zahedan, Iran, in 2008-2009. The sampling method was multistage randomquota sampling. The inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, full-term (37-42 gestational weeks), passing four hours after childbirth, and exclusion criteria included a history of medical diseases, smoking, and violence by someone other than the husband. All data were entered in SPSS for Windows (Version 18.0, SPSS Inc., Evenston, Illinois) and analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-square, t-test by statistician. Results: The results indicated that some types of psychological violence such as “threatening to divorce” and “disrespecting and swearing among other people” and some types of sexual violence like “oral or rectal intercourse” and “any other sexual violence by the husband” associated with birth weight, but physical violence and birth weight had not significant relationship (P>0.05). Conclusion: The psychological violence was the most frequent type of violence in Zahedan that it associated with birth weight in Zahedan.
Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Mulberry

Mulberry being a C3 crop responsive to carbon, climate change in the form of elevated CO2 coupled with increased temperature would be helpful for crop but it gets altered in presence of herbivore. The eCO2 and temperature favoured growth and development of mulberry only in terms of quantity which was evidenced by accelerated growth of more plant height, leaves, leaf area index, leaf yield and plant biomass. Biochemical analysis of mulberry showed a lot of changes in it, wherein, the chlorophyll, carbon and carbon based compounds viz., tannins, phenols, total sugars, carbohydrates significantly increased in eCO2 as compared to aCO2 treatments. On the contrary, nitrogen (N) and N-based compounds viz., proteins decreased in eCO2 compounds which in turn altered C:N ratio.
Controlled viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear rough PDEs

We propose a definition of viscosity solutions to fully nonlinear PDEs driven by a rough path via appropriate notions of test functions and rough jets. These objects will be defined as controlled processes with respect to the driving rough path. We show that this notion is compatible with the seminal results of Lions and Souganidis and with the recent results of Friz and coauthors on fully non-linear SPDEs with rough drivers.
On the complete integrability and linearization of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. II. Third-order equations

We introduce a method for finding general solutions of third-order nonlinear differential equations by extending the modified Prelle–Singer method. We describe a procedure to deduce all the integrals of motion associated with the given equation, so that the general solution follows straightforwardly from these integrals. The method is illustrated with several examples. Further, we propose a powerful method of identifying linearizing transformations. The proposed method not only unifies all the known linearizing transformations systematically but also introduces a new and generalized linearizing transformation. In addition to the above, we provide an algorithm to invert the non-local linearizing transformation. Through this procedure the general solution for the original nonlinear equation can be obtained from the solution of the linear ordinary differential equation.
Security Enhanced Adaptive TCP for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

TCP is a reliable transport protocol designed to perform well in wired networks where packet losses are due congestion. However in wireless ad hoc networks, where packet losses are due to channel errors or link failures between mobile nodes, TCP degrades its performance. Further, it lacks certain protection mechanisms from internal and external malicious nodes. In this paper, a security enhanced and adaptive TCP, namely SA-TCP, has been proposed for wireless ad hoc networks. SA-TCP uses network layer information to detect various types of packet losses and adjusts the value of congestion window dynamically according to the conditions of the dynamic network. It works normally to collect the samples of congestion window and calculates the mean from these samples to set the value of future congestion window. SA-TCP also adjusts the value of congestion window limit according to network conditions. In order to make SA-TCP suitable in highly vulnerable wireless ad hoc networks, a less complex identity-based public key cryptography has been integrated with the proposed protocol. The three-way handshaking process of SA-TCP is made secure by generating a secret session key on-fly between source-destination. Simulation results show that SA-TCP gives higher throughput compared to the popular New Reno and ATCP in different wireless ad hoc network scenarios.
BISQ Questionnaire for Infant Sleep Assessment: translation into brazilian portuguese

1 Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre RS Brazil. 2 Laboratory for Children’s Sleep-Wake Disorders, Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Corresponding author: Magda Lahorgue Nunes. Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul. Servico de Neurologia do HSl PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, no 6690, sala 220. Porto Alegre RS. CEP: 90610-000. Received: 18/12/2011. Accepted: 15/05/2012. ABSTRACT
Reward or Penalty: Aligning Incentives of Stakeholders in Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing is a promising platform, whereby massive tasks are broadcasted to a crowd of semi-skilled workers by the requester for reliable solutions. In this paper, we consider four key evaluation indices of a crowdsourcing community (i.e., quality, cost, latency, and platform improvement), and demonstrate that these indices involve the interests of the three stakeholders, namely the requester, worker, and crowdsourcing platform. Since the incentives among these three stakeholders always conflict with each other, to elevate the long-term development of the crowdsourcing community, we take the perspective of the whole crowdsourcing community, and design a crowdsourcing mechanism to align incentives of stakeholders together. Specifically, we give workers reward or penalty according to their reporting solutions instead of only nonnegative payment. Furthermore, we find a series of proper reward-penalty function pairs and compute workers personal order values, which can provide different amounts of reward and penalty according to both the workers reporting beliefs and their individual history performances, and keep the incentive of workers at the same time. The proposed mechanism can help latency control, promote quality and platform evolution of crowdsourcing community, and improve the aforementioned four key evaluation indices. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided to validate and evaluate the proposed mechanism, respectively.
APPLICATION OF HYBRID PSOGA FOR OPTIMAL LOCATION OF SVC TO IMPROVE VOLTAGE STABILITY OF POWER SYSTEM

Due to huge increase in power demand, modern power system networks are being operated under highly stressed conditions. This has resulted into the difficulty in meeting reactive power requirement and maintaining the bus voltage within acceptable limits. Voltage instability in the system occurs in the form of a progressive decay in voltage magnitude at some of the buses. The problems of voltage instability and voltage collapse are the major concerns in the operation of power system. It is very important to do the power system analysis with respect to voltage stability. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device in a power system improves the stability, enhances the voltage stability margin and reduces the power losses. Identification of location of FACTS device in the power system is very important task. Research is carried out to investigate application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and hybrid PSOGA to find optimal location and rated value of SVC device to minimize the voltage stability index, total power loss, load voltage deviation, cost of generation and cost of FACTS device to improve voltage stability in the power system. Optimal location and rated value of SVC device have been found for different loading scenario using PSO, GA and PSOGA. It is observed from the results that the voltages stability margin is improved, voltage profile of the power system is increased, load voltage deviation is reduced and real power losses also reduced by optimally locating SVC device in the power system. The proposed algorithm is verified with IEEE 14 bus and 30 bus power systems Keywords—Voltage stability analysis, Voltage collapse, SVC, PSO, GA, Hybrid PSOGA.
Optimal directed searches for continuous gravitational waves

Wide parameter space searches for long-lived continuous gravitational wave signals are computationally limited. It is therefore critically important that the available computational resources are used rationally. In this paper we consider directed searches, i.e., targets for which the sky position is known accurately but the frequency and spin-down parameters are completely unknown. Given a list of such potential astrophysical targets, we therefore need to prioritize. On which target(s) should we spend scarce computing resources? What parameter space region in frequency and spin-down should we search through? Finally, what is the optimal search setup that we should use? In this paper we present a general framework that allows us to solve all three of these problems. This framework is based on maximizing the probability of making a detection subject to a constraint on the maximum available computational cost. We illustrate the method for a simplified problem.
'Distorted gravity: The intensive and extensive margins of international trade' revisited; an application to an intermediate Melitz model

With the extension of the standard Melitz Model from Ahn et al. [2011], the important role of intermediaries in facilitating trade is now recognized. In this paper, we are going to expand Chaney's [2008] approach to an Intermediate Melitz Model. By researching if Chaney's results still apply for an Intermediate Melitz Model, main results of Chaney are confirmed for the direct export model, but this is not so for the indirect export mode. Here, the elasticity of substitution still dampens the extensive margins; however, whether the dampening effect on the extensive margin still dominates the magnifying effect on the intensive margin is ambiguous. Also, the elasticities of trade ows are no longer larger, but rather smaller than in the Krugman Model. All results are economically meaningful.
Title : The risk-return trade-off in Europe : A temporal and cross-sectional analysis

This paper analyzes the risk-return trade-off in European equities considering both temporal and cross-sectional dimensions. In our analysis, we introduce not only the market portfolio but also 15 industry portfolios comprising the entire market. Several bivariate GARCH models are estimated to obtain the covariance matrix between excess market returns and the industrial portfolios and the existence of a risk-return trade-off is analyzed through a cross-sectional approach using the information in all portfolios. It is obtained evidence for a positive and significant risk-return trade-off in the European market. This conclusion is robust for different GARCH specifications and is even more evident after controlling for the main financial crisis during the sample period.
Electrofusion of model lipid membranes viewed with high temporal resolution

The interaction of electric fields with lipid membranes and cells has been extensively studied in the last decades. The phenomena of electroporation and electrofusion are of particular interest because of their widespread use in cell biology and biotechnology. Giant vesicles, being of cell size and convenient for microscopy observations, are the simplest model of the cell membrane. However, optical microscopy observation of effects caused by electric DC pulses on giant vesicles is difficult because of the short duration of the pulse. Recently this difficulty has been overcome in our lab. Using a digital camera with high temporal resolution, we were able to access vesicle fusion dynamics on a sub-millisecond time scale. In this report, we present some observations on electro- deformation and -poration of single vesicles followed by an extensive study on the electrofusion of vesicle couples. Finally, we suggest an attractive approach for creating multidomain vesicles using electrofusion and present some preliminary results on the effect of membrane stiffness on the fusion dynamics.
Country Characteristics and the Incidence of Capital Income Taxation on Wages: An Empirical Assessment

This paper examines the incidence of corporate income taxes on wages using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics for 13 OECD countries. Within a wage-bargaining framework, our econometric analysis shows that a substantial share of the corporate tax burden is shifted from capital to labour. However, the magnitude of this shift is influenced importantly by country characteristics affecting the process of wage determination, such as the degree of capital mobility, a country's relative influence over the world price of output and trade unions strength.
Magnetic structure of cobalt clusters

The magnetic moments of free standing Co N clusters (4≤ N ≤ 55) were calculated through a self-consistent spd-tight-binding method. The lowest energy geometrical structures of these clusters were obtained by exhaustive global searches on a many-body Gupta potential energy surface using an evolutive algorithm. The relevant structures mainly follow an icosahedral growth pattern with some fcc-type structures at some particular sizes. The calculated magnetic moments demonstrate a decreasing behavior with cluster size with small superimposed oscillations. The calculations are good agreement with the available experimental data. Our results are briefly discussed and compared with other published theoretical results. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Rapid Maxillary Expansion

Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a remarkable and ideal procedure which has a long history of over 100 years. When a transverse maxillary Arch is diagnosed it is treated by doing RME. Although numerous studies have been done in last four decades on gingival crevicular fluid, no data have been reported on the repeatability of gingival crevicular fluid collection and then following its quantification procedure. The objectives of the study were to observe the changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during rapid maxillary expansion and particularly in retention period and then explore the relationship between these changes and periodontal tissue remodeling. Methodology: Seventeen patients with age between 9-14 years were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study. Periodontal parameters, including probing depth, were recorded at 3 months after RME. Furthermore, the GCF ALP activity was measured at the buccal and palatal sites. Results: Periodontal parameters were generally similar between the Testing and Control sites during the study, with the exception that probing depth underwent a slight increase at the Testing sites. It was observed that at baseline, the GCF ALP activity was similar between the buccal and Control sites; however, at 3 months of retention period a considerably increased enzymatic activity was seen at the Testing sites. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that in the retention phase of RME, there is reported increased GCF ALP activity observed even at the end of 3 months of retention period with no clinically considerable tissue inflammation. This increase in GCF ALP activity suggests a longer period of retention phase after maxillary expansion may be up to 6 months of duration.
Feeding, fasting and foraging success during chick rearing in macaroni penguins.

Foraging behaviour and energy expenditure were measured continuously throughout the chick-rearing period of free-ranging macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus. These data were integrated with values obtained from the literature on body mass, assimilation efficiency, body reserve consumption and deposition rates, chick growth and energy expenditure and energy content of food in a new type of algorithm to predict (with 95% confidence limits (CL)) foraging success and daily changes in body mass. A successfully breeding pair of macaroni penguins will capture 111.7 kg (95% CL: 79.4 to 158.0 kg) of prey during the chick-rearing period. The crucial phase of the chick rearing period was around the time that chicks creche, when prey consumption rates more than dou- bled as the male assisted in foraging and recovered from a long fast. Female macaroni penguins extracted 2.28 (1.60 to 3.26) and males extracted 2.84 (2.02 to 3.99) g of prey from their environment for every minute spent submerged during foraging. Only 15.3 (14.7 to 15.6)% of all prey consumed was fed to chicks. While food capture rates increase in the middle of the breeding season, this may be more a function of greater food availability than a response to demands from their chick. Male and female macaroni penguins have differing breeding strategies with the male showing the characteris- tics of a capital then income breeder while the female has a strategy that shows characteristics of both capital and income strategies simultaneously. The high synchronicity and precise timing of the mac- aroni penguin breeding season and timing of the increase in prey capture rates suggest an influx of prey to their foraging area during the middle of the breeding season. A depletion of prey resources in the foraging area used during the breeding season could affect foraging success and have pro- found effects on the body condition and composition of this species and its ability to raise chicks suc- cessfully.
Behavioral and Neural Enhancing Effects of a Summer Treatment Program in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Deficiency in executive functioning is a core symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The brain part responsible for executive functions is the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although drug-based interventions can improve PFC activity, reports on PFC activity being improved by behavioral treatment are lacking. We evaluated whether a summer treatment program (STP) administering comprehensive behavioral treatment would increase PFC activity in children with ADHD. We examined behavioral and neural changes in 20 children before and after the STP, conducted over a 2-week period. We asked the parents/guardians to complete the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale to assess severity of ADHD. The main task evaluating executive control was the reverse Stroop task. To examine changes in physiological indices, we used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in PFC activity. Subjective assessments by parents/guardians indicated that ADHD symptoms improved significantly. There was also significant improvement in the number of correct responses and interference rates in the reverse Stroop task. Furthermore, post-intervention PFC activity was significantly higher. These results suggest that the STP improved inhibitory control in executive function, which is considered as a key symptom of ADHD. The increase in PFC activity further suggests that the STP improves cognition through neural function.
Transcutaneous and Transrectal Ultrasonography in Buffalo Calves with Urine Retention

This study describes the ultrasonographic findings of the urinary tract of buffalo calves suffered from urine retention. In this study, 25 male buffalo calves with urine retention and 8 apparently clinically healthy male buffalo calves were used. All calves were subjected to thorough clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. Based on the clinical findings, the diseased calves were classified into four groups. The first group included 8 calves with severe abdominal pain and absence of urine outflow, second group included 5 calves with mild abdominal pain and absence of urine outflow, third one included 8 calves with absence of both pain reactions and urine outflow and finally, fourth group included 4 calves with severe abdominal pain and dribbling of bloody urine. Both transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonographic examinations were carried out by using 3.5-5.0 MHz convex and 6-8 MHz linear transducers. Ultrasonographic examination revealed distended urinary bladder in first, second and fourth groups. In third group, the urinary bladder was ruptured with anechoic to hypoechoic fluid accumulated in the abdomen. In the second group, the anechoic urine was present inside and outside the urinary bladder. Hydronephrosis of variable degrees was detected in all diseased calves. Moreover, urethral calculi could be detected in 4 calves at 3rd group. Renal calculi were seen in a calf at 4th group. Both renal and urethral calculi appeared as hyperechogenic dots with acoustic shadowing. In conclusion, ultrasonography may be considered a diagnostic and prognostic tool for urine retention in buffalo calves.