Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability in recruitment of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in an oligotrophic lake

Abstract Recruitment from dormant stages in the benthos can provide a critically important inoculum for surface populations of phytoplankton, including bloom-forming cyanobacteria. For example, water-column populations of the large (1–3-mm diameter) colonial cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) P. Richter can be strongly subsidized by benthic recruitment. Therefore, understanding controls on recruitment is essential to an investigation of the factors controlling Gloeotrichia blooms, which are increasing in low-nutrient lakes across northeastern North America. We quantified surface abundances and recruitment from littoral sediments at multiple near-shore sampling sites in oligotrophic Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, USA, during the summers of 2005–2012 and used this data set—the longest known record of cyanobacterial recruitment—to investigate potential drivers of interannual differences in Gloeotrichia recruitment. We found extensive spatiotemporal variability in recruitment. Recruitment was higher at some sites than others, and within seasons, recruitment into replicate traps at the same site was generally more similar than recruitment at different sites. These data suggest that local factors, such as substrate quality or the size of the seed bank, may be important controls on recruitment. Benthic recruitment probably accounted for <4%, but possibly up to 8%, of pelagic populations, within the range observed in previous studies. Across years, higher seasonal recruitment rates were associated with greater lake mixing during August, including deeper thermoclines, lower Schmidt stability, lower minimum air temperatures, and greater variability in water temperature. Taken together, our data suggest that interannual variation in Gloeotrichia recruitment may be related to regional climatic variability.
Effects of biological Nano-fertilizer on the morphological, physiological and proliferation traits and quality of Buxus hyrcana Pojark.

The effect of various concentrations of biologic Nano-fertilizer special for ornamental plants (0.00, 0.60, 1.20, 1.80, 2.40 and 3.00 g per pot as drench and 0.00, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00 and 5.00 g/l as leaf spray) on Buxus hyrcana Pojark were evaluated. Totally among 36 treatments, 3.00 g/pot drench + 2.00 g/l spray, also 1.80 g/pot drench + 2.00 g/l spray of Nano-fertilizer special for ornamental plants introduces as a good treatment for proliferation of Buxus hyrcana Pojark. The highest and the lowest concentrations of this Nanofertilizer were no good.
Morphology, ultrastructure and ecology of Muriella decolor (Chlorophyta) from subaerial habitats in Poland and the Antarctic.

This paper offers a comparison of Muriella decolor specimens from different geographical regions and habitats (limestone caves in Poland and ice denuded areas near the Ecology Glacier, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctic). Morpho− logical and cytological variability, ecology and life strategies of M. decolor were studied in fresh samples, and also in cultures grown on agar plates. The complete life cycle, with de− tailed ultrastructural (LM and TEM) analysis are presented. The electron microscopic ob− servations prove that materials identified as M. decolor collected in Poland and the Antarc− tic have distinct ultrastructural features. These include the chloroplast lamella arrangement, mitochondrial cristae structure and the cell wall thickness.
Application of the Bleu algorithm for recognising textual entailments

The BLEU algorithm has been applied to many different fields. In this paper, we explore a new possible use: the automatic recognition of textual entailments. BLEU works at the lexical level by comparing a candidate text with several reference texts in order to calculate how close the candidate text is to the references. In this case, the candidate would be the text part of the entailment and the hypothesis would be the unique reference. The algorithm achieves an accuracy around 50% that proves that it can be used as a baseline for the task of recognising entailments.
Boreal forest BVOC exchange: emissions versus in-canopy sinks

Abstract. A multilayer gas dry deposition model has been developed and implemented into a one-dimensional chemical transport model SOSAA (model to Simulate the concentrations of Organic vapours, Sulphuric Acid and Aerosols) to calculate the dry deposition velocities for all the gas species included in the chemistry scheme. The new model was used to analyse in-canopy sources and sinks, including gas emissions, chemical production and loss, dry deposition, and turbulent transport of 12 featured biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) or groups of BVOCs (e.g. monoterpenes, isoprene+2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), sesquiterpenes, and oxidation products of mono- and sesquiterpenes) in July 2010 at the boreal forest site SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations). According to the significance of modelled monthly-averaged individual source and sink terms inside the canopy, the selected BVOCs were classified into five categories: 1. Most of emitted gases are transported out of the canopy (monoterpenes, isoprene + MBO). 2. Chemical reactions remove a significant portion of emitted gases (sesquiterpenes). 3. Bidirectional fluxes occur since both emission and dry deposition are crucial for the in-canopy concentration tendency (acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, formaldehyde). 4. Gases removed by deposition inside the canopy are compensated for by the gases transported from above the canopy (acetol, pinic acid, β-caryophyllene's oxidation product BCSOZOH). 5. The chemical production is comparable to the sink by deposition (isoprene's oxidation products ISOP34OOH and ISOP34NO3). Most of the simulated sources and sinks were located above about 0.2 hc (canopy height) for oxidation products and above about 0.4 hc for emitted species except formaldehyde. In addition, soil deposition (including deposition onto understorey vegetation) contributed 11–61 % to the overall in-canopy deposition. The emission sources peaked at about 0.8–0.9 hc, which was higher than 0.6 hc where the maximum of dry deposition onto overstorey vegetation was located. This study provided a method to enable the quantification of the exchange between atmosphere and biosphere for numerous BVOCs, which could be applied in large-scale models in future. With this more explicit canopy exchange modelling system, this study analysed both the temporal and spatial variations in individual in-canopy sources and sinks, as well as their combined effects on driving BVOC exchange. In this study 12 featured BVOCs or BVOC groups were analysed. Other compounds could also be investigated similarly by being classified into these five categories.
A-K 3 KEY COMPARISON OF PRESSURE RECIPROCITY CALIBRATION OF LS 2 P MICROPHONES : RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The CCAUV.A-K3 Key Comparison has involved 15 countries organized in two loops with two common laboratories, CENAM and DPLA. The measurements took place in 2003. This is the first CCAUV key comparison organized with more than one loop, and therefore the analysis of the results required a more elaborated method to arrive to the desired degrees of equivalence per laboratory and between any pair of laboratories. An implementation of the linear least squares has been applied to the analysis of the CCAUV.AK3 key comparison. In this paper, the mathematical development is presented in parallel with the results of the comparison. The details of the analysis are reviewed, and suggestions are made in order to further improve comparison protocols in acoustics.
Why we Prototype! An International Comparison of the Linkage between Embedded Knowledge and Objective Learning

Abstract Prototypes are made, presented, and interpreted differently by people according to their understanding and frame of reference. Design educators have, in recent decades, come closer to one another in how they approach design creativity. Still, many distinct differences exist. One of the most striking has to do with the role of prototyping in developing ideas into concrete manifestations. Prototypes unlock cognitive association mechanisms related to visualisation, prior experience, and interpersonal communication in ways that favour iterative learning between peers in the product development community. When, where, and how to use prototyping strategies depends on context, and it demands a high level of situation awareness. The nature of this awareness is, in turn, dependent on cultural variables and curriculum development. Prototyping has been portrayed as an excellent activity to share inner thoughts, yet a deeper connection to its knowledge-building processes has been lacking in previous research. This paper builds on related literature in shaping a common understanding of how prototyping is perceived and applied in two different high-performance academic contexts (Stanford University, Stanford, USA, and the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden). Our exploration focuses on students’ perceived learning experiences and on teachers’ experiences within engineering design projects. Prototyping is an active enabler in both cases, establishing iterative loops of new knowledge through social interaction and team-based communication. The deeper level of cognitive attachments to prototyping provides an explicit link between embedded implicit knowledge and its consequences for objective learning.
Storage of pollen and properties of olive stigma for breeding purposes

In order to ensure success in controlled hybridizations in olive tree cultivation, the information on pollen viability and stigma receptivity is essential. The aim was to establish methodologies that increase the preservation of pollen viability and to establish the time to perform crossbreeds in hybridization studies with olive trees. Three experiments were performed with plants from the cultivar Arbequina, in Maria da Fe, MG, Brazil. In the first experiment, the description of the flower events was performed. In the second, anthers were desiccated in eppendorfs, being stored at three different conditions for pollen viability test: room temperature (27 °C), refrigerator (8 °C) and freezer (-10 °C). In order to evaluate the in vitro germination, culture medium for olive pollen grains was used. In this respect, pollen grains were transferred in Petri dish containing culture medium and placed in a BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) chamber at 28 °C for 60 h, being counted. The first evaluation was performed prior to the assembly of the experiment, testing the initial viability, whereas the second occurred 24 h after storage. Subsequently, seven evaluations were performed fortnightly. In the third experiment, the stigma receptivity was verified by the 3% hydrogen peroxide method, with flowers in pre-anthesis, anthesis and post-anthesis, evaluated hourly in the period from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. for three days. In the description of the flower events, it was verified that the olive tree shows diurnal anthesis, with flower opening between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m. The anthers stored in a freezer preserved the viability for 60 days and the stigmas were receptive since the pre-anthesis.
Vegetated greywater treatment walls : design modifications for intermittent media filters

The incorporation of on-site wastewater treatment systems is one means to meet the infrastructure needs of the rapidly expanding urban population. With space at a premium, the existing technologies for on-site systems should be reexamined and adapted to fit the needs of the urban setting. This study examined the potential to combine the existing wastewater treatment technology of the intermittent media filter with the new architectural trend of green walls, creating a treatment system with minimal spatial footprint and with a built-in urban greening component. A novel vegetated intermittent media filter wall was constructed in As, Norway and dosed with domestic greywater for a period of three months. Overall treatment performance and removal trends over the 175cm filter depth were monitored. Three separate wall sections were constructed to monitor the treatments effects of containing wall material choice and presence of vegetation. Despite a daily dosing rate of nearly 1000 l/m 2 the system achieved average reduction rates of over 95%, 80%, 90%, 30%, and 69% for BOD5, COD, TSS, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, respectively, as well as approximately two log unit reduction of bacteria indicator E. coli. Examination over the depth of the system showed that most organic (COD) and solids removal takes place in the upper 15cm, but with a sudden increase in loading a greater removal was seen at lower depths. With regard to nitrification, increased nitrate levels did not appear before 100cm filter depth, likely suppressed by high organic loading at the surface. The findings suggest that the great filter height associated with the wall design was useful for buffering sudden increases in hydraulic loading, as well as for facilitating nitrification under extreme loading conditions. Wall material with a more permeable construction (geotextile grid) preformed slightly better in the treatment of organics than non-permeable wall material (plastic liner), but confounding variables reduce the confidence in this finding. The vegetated wall section showed the greatest removal rates in almost every parameter measured, especially removal of E. coli. A difference in hydraulic retention times as shown by (NaCl) tracer tests is the likely cause of this phenomenon, rather than the vegetation itself. The significant reduction of constituents of concern using only a small spatial footprint make this system a worthy candidate for further research and development regarding urban wastewater treatment applications.
Real classes of finite special unitary groups

Abstract We classify all real and strongly real classes of the finite special unitary group SU n ⁢ ( q ) ${\mathrm{SU}_{n}(q)}$ . Unless q ≡ 3 ⁢ ( mod ⁡ 4 ) ${q\equiv 3\;(\operatorname{mod}4)}$ and n | 4 ${n|4}$ , the classification of real classes is similar to that of the finite special linear group SL n ⁢ ( q ) ${\mathrm{SL}_{n}(q)}$ . We relate strong reality in SU n ⁢ ( q ) ${\mathrm{SU}_{n}(q)}$ to strong reality in the finite special orthogonal groups SO n ± ⁢ ( q ) ${\mathrm{SO}^{\pm}_{n}(q)}$ , and we classify real and strongly real classes in the last case for the group SO n ± ⁢ ( q ) ${\mathrm{SO}_{n}^{\pm}(q)}$ , when q is odd and n ≡ 2 ⁢ ( mod ⁡ 4 ) ${n\equiv 2\;(\operatorname{mod}4)}$ .
The Preliminary Study on The Effect of Coarse Particles Content on OMC and Maximum Dry Unit Weight: A Case of Aceh’s Fill Materials

Empirical evidence suggests that the percentage of coarse fraction content on soil has an influence on the soil optimum moisture content (OMC) and soil maximum dry density (MDD). This phenomenon is used as a basis to examine the characteristics of Aceh’s fill materials. The major objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between coarse-grained content and OMC and MDD of the Aceh’s fill materials. This relationship is important in the justification of soil suitability as materials for engineering construction. Thirty (30) soil samples from various locations in the Province of Aceh have been collected and tested. The tests carried out include soil physical properties tests and standard compaction test. In the case of a relationship between soil coarse fraction content and soil OMC or MDD, two general findings have been deduced. The first finding of the present study shows that the soil OMC decreases when the content of coarse-grained particles in the soil increases. The later finding shows a positive correlation between coarse particles content and the soil MDD which the increase of the content of coarse-grained particles in the soil will increase the value of the soil’s MDD. In conclusion, the coarse particles content affects the OMC and MDD of Aceh’s fill materials
Informal Learning and Labour Market Returns. Evidence from German Panel Data

Informal learning, the self-initiated acquisition of knowledge, takes a central position in political and scientific debates on skill formation. Human capital theory argues that informal learning increases skills and thereby will positively affect returns in the labour market. Signalling and closure theories do not expect returns to informal learning, as informal learning does not result in a formal degree. So far only a few studies have empirically investigated how informal learning affects labour market outcomes, all of them applying a cross-sectional design. By using the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we model the returns to three forms of informal learning in person fixed-effects models, thereby reducing problems of selection into informal learning. We find that up to 33 per cent of the respondents engage in at least one form of professional purpose informal learning. While participation is high, the effects on labour market returns are negligible. We find a very small positive effect of one of the three types of informal learning on employment, and we find no effect of informal learning on wages.
Evaluation of Energy Saving Using a New Yeast Combined with Temperature Management in Sparkling Base Wine Fermentation

Heat removal accounts for ~90% of the total energy requirements of the winery and is mostly related to the temperature control of the wine tanks used for fermentation and maturation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of a selected wine yeast, chosen to optimize sensory characteristics and minimize SO2 production at temperatures higher than the standard for winemaking, on energy consumption during the fermentation process of the Franciacorta base wine. Fermentations using the new yeast strain were conducted at 15 and 19°C, and energy consumption was compared. Moreover, the sensory, chemical, and aromatic features of the Franciacorta sparkling base wines were measured. Fermentation required 21.6 Wh/Lgrape must at 15°C and 7.7 Wh/Lgrape must at 19°C, reducing energy use by ~65% at the higher temperature. Use of the tested yeast had positive effects on energy saving during fermentation without compromising sensory, chemical, and aromatic profiles of the resulting wine. This work suggests possible methods for wineries to adopt a more sustainable winemaking process that lowers energy consumption and decreases SO2 content in wines, which may introduce eco-labeling strategies and price-premium policies.
Closed-Loop Control of Anaesthetic Effect

Archivo disponible en la web de la revista, Open Access, en la siguiente URL: https://www.intechopen. com/books/pharmacology/closed-loop-control-of-anesthetic-effect Se puede referenciar de la siguiente manera: Santiago Torres, Juan A. Mendez, Hector Reboso, Jose A. Reboso and Ana Leon (2012). Closed-Loop Control of Anaesthetic Effect, Pharmacology, Dr. Luca Gallelli (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/37609. Available from: https://www.intechopen. com/books/pharmacology/closed-loop-control-of-anestheti
Understanding Cultural Omnivorousness: Or, the Myth of the Cultural Omnivore

The concept of omnivorousness has become influential in the sociologies of culture and consumption, cited variously as evidence of altered hierarchies in cultural participation and as indicative of broader socio-cultural changes. The ‘omnivore thesis’ contends that there is a sector of the population of western countries who do and like a greater variety of forms of culture than previously, and that this broad engagement reflects emerging values of tolerance and undermines snobbery. This article draws on the findings of a study of cultural participation in the UK to explore the coherence of the omnivore thesis. It uses a survey to identify and isolate omnivores, and then proceeds to explore the meanings of omnivorousness through the analysis of in-depth, qualitative interviews with them. It concludes that, while there is evidence of wide cultural participation within the UK, the figure of the omnivore is less singularly distinctive than some studies have suggested.
O DISARRANGEMENT-DOMINANT SYMPTOM OF TRAUMATISED PEOPLE IN SERBIA Rastrojenost – dominantan simptom traumatizovanih osoba u Srbiji

The psychopathological status of 175 subjects from Belgrade and wider surroundings was examined. Out of them, 70 subjects had somatic trauma (26 war traumas and 44 somatic peacetime traumas); 45 subjects had mental trauma, and 60 had no trauma. The following instruments were used: PTSD-Scale, Brief Eysenck’s Personality Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-60) and Late Effect of Accidental Injury (LEAIQ), as well as appropriate statistical procedures (ANOVA, discriminative analysis, linear correlation). In qualitative terms, the majority of symptoms were conversive, the first of which was disarrangement. In quantitative terms, the symptoms of general neuroticism were most frequent in the subgroup of subjects with somatic war traumas, then in the subgroup with mental traumas in peacetime, and finally in the subgroup of subjects with somatic peacetime traumas. In the subgroup of mentally traumatised subjects, the PTSD symptoms were most frequent.
DECISION SCIENCES INSTITUTE

Product recalls are often associated with quality failures and considered negative with regard to customer satisfaction and firm performance. Motivated by anecdotal evidence and equipped with new development in decision economics, we develop an endogenous consumer reference model to examine the consumer’s willingness to buy in the events of recalls, and construct an empirical study to associate value of recalls with firm profitability. We find that as the consumer forms a different reference point under recalls, she may react positively to the recalls with higher willingness to buy. The positive effect of recalls is substantiated empirically at the firm level by estimation results from an econometric model of firm profitability in association with recall value, with data collected from public sources in the U.S. A main reason for this counter-intuitive result is that recalls change the quality distribution under which the consumer expects to buy the product, which in turn changes her view of product quality as her reference in making the buying decision. In addition, we find that supply chain offshoring as reflected in consumer loss aversion, may mitigate the effect of recalls on both consumer willingness to buy and firm profitability, as demonstrated in both of our analytical model and empirical test.
Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries Prevents Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Liver: A Study in A Rat Model of Low-Level and Moderate Lifetime Human Exposure to this Toxic Metal

The study investigated, in a rat model of low-level and moderate environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd; 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg diet, respectively, for 3 to 24 months), whether the co-administration of 0.1% extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AE) may protect against oxidative stress in the liver and in this way mediate this organ status. The intoxication with Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, weakened the enzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased the concentrations of reduced glutathione and total thiol groups, and increased the concentrations of oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, xanthine oxidase, and myeloperoxidase in this organ. These resulted in a decrease in the total antioxidative status, increase in the total oxidative status and development of oxidative stress (increased oxidative stress index and malondialdehyde concentration) and histopathological changes in the liver. The administration of AE at both levels of Cd treatment significantly improved the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased pro-oxidant concentration, and protected from the development of oxidative stress in the liver and changes in its morphology, as well as normalized the serum activities of liver enzymes markers. In conclusion, consumption of aronia products may prevent Cd-induced destroying the oxidative/antioxidative balance and development of oxidative stress in the liver protecting against this organ damage.