Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VLASOVITE , Na 2 Zr ( Si 4 O 11 ) , FROM THE KIPAWA ALKALINE COMPLEX , QUEBEC , CANADA : CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE REFINEMENT AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

The crystal structure of vlasovite, Na2 Zr (Si4O11), from the Kipawa alkaline complex, Quebec, Canada, monoclinic, a 11.0390(5), b 10.0980(3), c 8.5677(4) Å, 100.313(1)°, V 939.6(1) Å3, space group C2/c, Z = 4, D (calc.) = 3.008 g.cm–3, was refi ned to an R1 index of 1.9% based on 1352 observed [|Fo| > 4 F] unique refl ections measured with MoK X-radiation on a Bruker P4 diffractometer equipped with a 4K CCD detector. An electron-microprobe analysis gave the composition Na1.98 Zr1.00 (Si4O11) based on 11 O apfu. In the crystal structure, there are two tetrahedrally coordinated Si sites with a grand <Si–O> distance of 1.612 Å, and one octahedrally coordinated Zr site with <Zr–O> = 2.085 Å. There are two Na sites: the Na(1) site is [7]-coordinated with <Na(1)–O> = 2.620 Å. The Na(2) site is split into two subsites, Na(2A) and Na(2B), with a separation of 0.829 Å, and the symmetry-related Na(2B) sites are separated by 1.525 Å. Na(2A) is octahedrally coordinated, and Na(2B) is [5]-coordinated, and their occupancies are 0.826(8) and 0.092(4) Na, respectively. Thus the Na(1) and aggregate Na(2) sites are each fully occupied. In the crystal structure of vlasovite, four-membered rings of (SiO4) tetrahedra link together to form an [Si4O11] chain. Chains of tetrahedra and Zr octahedra link together to form a heteropolyhedral framework with channels extending along [001]. Three channels contain the Na atoms, which are bonded to O atoms of the octahedron–tetrahedron framework. Vlasovite is not signifi cantly damaged by exposure to X-rays. Infrared spectroscopy shows that vlasovite can be free of H2O or can contain variable amounts of H2O; single crystals can be anhydrous in some regions and hydrous in other regions. Moreover, the H2O content and its spectral response are unaffected by exposure of crystals to X-rays.
A case of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pulmonary disease and Crohn ’ s disease

We report a case of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) in a previously fit 48-year-old man who subsequently developed Crohn’s disease. We discuss the potential predisposing factors for pulmonary MAI; the diagnostic uncertainties in this particular case; the relationship between pulmonary MAI and Crohn’s disease; and the difficulties in management that are highlighted by this case.
A modified level set approach to 2D modeling of dynamic recrystallization

The macroscopic properties of metallic materials depend on the state of the grain microstructure. Recrystallization acts as one of the most important mechanisms in the evolution of the microstructure and hence also of the macroscopic properties. This paper presents a mesoscale model of microstructure evolution due to recrystallization, based on a level set formulation employed in a finite element setting. The use of level sets to represent grains and grain boundaries in polycrystal microstructures is a relatively recent development in computational materials science and the present contribution suggests new methodologies such as interface reconstruction, allowing for example boundary conditions to be prescribed along grain boundary interfaces and distinct localization and representation of grain boundary junctions. Polycrystal plasticity is modeled by considering the evolution of dislocation density in the individual crystals. The influence of grain boundaries on dislocation accumulation is captured in the model, causing the formation of dislocation density gradients within the grains. The model is used in simulations of dynamic recrystallization, taking pure copper as example material. It is shown that the proposed model captures the salient features of dynamic recrystallization during thermomechanical materials processing.
Optimal and Simple Monetary Policy Rules with Zero Floor on the Nominal Interest Rate

Recent treatments of the issue of a zero floor on nominal interest rates have been subject to some important methodological limitations. These include the assumption of perfect foresight or the introduction of the zero lower bound as an initial condition or a constraint on the variance of the interest rate, rather than an occasionally binding non-negativity constraint. This paper addresses these issues offering a global solution to a standard dynamic stochastic sticky price model with an explicit occasionally binding non-negativity constraint on the nominal interest rate. It turns out that the dynamics and sometimes the unconditional means of the nominal rate, inflation and the output gap are strongly affected by uncertainty in the presence of the zero lower bound. Commitment to the optimal rule reduces unconditional welfare losses to around one-tenth of those achievable under discretionary policy, while constant price level targeting delivers losses which are only 60% larger than under the optimal rule. Even though the unconditional performance of simple instrument rules is almost unaffected by the presence of the zero lower bound, conditional on a strong deflationary shock simple instrument rules perform substantially worse than the optimal policy.
Short‐term variability of 10 trans‐Neptunian objects

We present our latest results about the short-term variability of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). We performed broad-band CCD photometric observations using several telescopes in Spain and Chile. We present results based on three years of observations and report the short-term variability of 10 TNOs. Our sample of studied targets contains classical objects: (275809) 2001 QY297, (307251) 2002 KW14, (55636) 2002 TX300, 2004 NT33, (230965) 2004 XA192 and (202421) 2005 UQ513; a resonant body: (84522) 2002 TC302; a scattered target: (44594) 1999 OX3; and two detached objects: (145480) 2005 TB190 and (40314) 1999 KR16. For each target, light curves as well as possible rotation periods and photometric amplitudes are reported. The majority of the observed objects present a low peak-to-peak amplitude, < 0.15 mag. Only two objects exhibit light curve amplitudes higher than 0.15 mag: (275809) 2001 QY297 and (307251) 2002 KW14. We note two biases in the literature, previously studied in Thirouin et al. and confirmed by this new study: a bias towards objects with a small amplitude light curve and a second one against objects with a long rotational period in the data base of published rotational periods. We derive constraints on physical properties of some targets. We also report the solar phase curves of (40314) 1999 KR16 and (44594) 1999 OX3 for solar phase angles from 0 ◦ to around 2 ◦ . Part of our discussion is focused on the study of (275809) 2001 QY297 which turned out to be an asynchronous binary system.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Flux and polarisation spectra of water clouds on exoplanets

Context. A crucial factor for a planet’s habitability is its climate. Clouds play an important role in planetary climates. Detecting and characterising clouds on an exoplanet is therefore crucial when addressing this planet’s habitability. Aims. We present calculated flux and polarisation spectra of starlight that is reflected by planets covered by liquid water clouds with different optical thicknesses, altitudes, and particle sizes, as functions of the phase angle α. We discuss the retrieval of these cloud properties from observed flux and polarisation spectra. Methods. Our model planets have black surfaces and atmospheres with Earth-like temperature and pressure profiles. We calculate the spectra from 0.3 to 1.0 μm, using an adding-doubling radiative transfer code with integration over the planetary disk. The cloud particles’ scattering properties are calculated using a Mie-algorithm. Results. Both flux and polarisation spectra are sensitive to the cloud optical thickness, altitude and particle sizes, depending on the wavelength and phase angle α. Conclusions. Reflected fluxes are sensitive to cloud optical thicknesses up to ∼40, and the polarisation to thicknesses up to ∼20. The shapes of polarisation features as functions of α are relatively independent of the cloud optical thickness. Instead, they depend strongly on the cloud particles’ size and shape, and can thus be used for particle characterisation. In particular, a rainbow strongly indicates the presence of liquid water droplets. Single scattering features such as rainbows, which can be observed in polarisation, are virtually unobservable in reflected fluxes, and fluxes are thus less useful for cloud particle characterisation. Fluxes are sensitive to cloud top altitudes mostly for α < 60◦ and wavelengths <0.4 μm, and the polarisation for α around 90◦ and wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.6 μm.
Big words, small phrases: Mismatches between pause units and the polysynthetic word in Dalabon

Abstract This article uses instrumental data from natural speech to examine the phenomenon of pause placement within the verbal word in Dalabon, a polysynthetic Australian language of Arnhem Land. Though the phenomenon is incipient and in two sample texts occurs in only around 4% of verbs, there are clear possibilities for interrupting the grammatical word by pause after the pronominal prefix and some associated material at the left edge, though these within-word pauses are significantly shorter, on average, than those between words. Within-word pause placement is not random, but is restricted to certain affix boundaries; it requires that the paused-after material be at least dimoraic, and that the remaining material in the verbal word be at least disyllabic. Bininj Gun-wok, another polysynthetic language closely related to Dalabon, does not allow pauses to interrupt the verbal word, and the Dalabon development appears to be tied up with certain morphological innovations that have increased the proportion of closed syllables in the pronominal prefix zone of the verb. Though only incipient and not yet phonologized, pause placement in Dalabon verbs suggests a phonology-driven route by which polysynthetic languages may ultimately become less morphologically complex by fracturing into smaller units.
Stochastic averaging lemmas for kinetic equations

We develop a class of averaging lemmas for stochastic kinetic equations. The velocity is multiplied by a white noise which produces a remarkable change in time scale. Compared to the deterministic case and as far as we work in $L^2$, the nature of regularity on averages is not changed in this stochastic kinetic equation and stays in the range of fractional Sobolev spaces at the price of an additional expectation. However all the exponents are changed; either time decay rates are slower (when the right hand side belongs to $L^2$), or regularity is better when the right hand side contains derivatives. These changes originate from a different space/time scaling in the deterministic and stochastic cases. Our motivation comes from scalar conservation laws with stochastic fluxes where the structure under consideration arises naturally through the kinetic formulation of scalar conservation laws.
nhancing the measurement of remote associative ability : A ew approach to designing the Chinese Remote Associates est

The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is an important measurement of creativity and is well known because it is simple to use and the results are objective. To determine how the RAT would work for native Mandarin speakers, RAT was translated into Chinese in 2004 in a version called the CRAT. However, the construct validity of the CRAT was absent, and correlations with other creativity tasks, such as the Divergent Thinking Test and Creative Tendency Inventory, were not significant. Thus, the validity of the CRAT is limited. To enhance the CRAT, based on the remote association of the Association theory, the present study initiates a new approach to redesign the CRAT by developing a set of remote associate items with low frequency vocabularies and a set of close associate items with high frequency vocabularies, according to the associative hierarchies. By investigating the performance of 49 participants on these remote and close associate items, we determine the passing rate, response time, and the correlations with the Divergent Thinking Test and the insight problems task as well as the validity of the CRAT in the measurement of creativity. We find that the passing rate of remote associate items was lower than that of the close associate items as it took more time to solve remote associate items than close ones. The remote associate items were positively correlated to the Divergent Thinking Test and the insight problems task, but the close associate items were not related to these tasks. The passing rates of remote associate items and close associate items were higher in high creativity groups than low creativity groups. The construct of the present CRAT is strongly correlated with creativity and is now effective for measuring the creativity of Mandarin language speakers. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Life cycle and population ecology of the cave cricket Dolichopoda geniculata (Costa) from Valmarino cave (Central Italy)

A D. geniculata population inhabiting a natural cave at low altitude near seashore was followed during two years. The population size, distribution in three age classes, spatial distribution, feeding habits were recorded. The life-cycle was found semivoltine, with overlaps between next choorts in each age class. A comparison to other Dolichopoda showed that the population of Valmarino cave is one of the best adapted to cave life, and this may be related with both historical and present geographical and ecological conditions of the cave.
Comparison of Word Embeddings and Sentence Encodings as Generalized Representations for Crisis Tweet Classiﬁcation Tasks

Many machine learning and natural language processing approaches, including supervised and domain adaptation algorithms, have been proposed and studied in the context of ﬁltering crisis tweets. However, the application of these approaches in practice is still challenging due to the time-critical requirements of emergency response operations, and also to the diversity and unique characteristics of emergency events. To address this limitation, we explore the idea of building “generalized” classiﬁers for ﬁltering crisis tweets, classiﬁers which can be pre-trained and ready to use in real-time, while generalizing well on tweets that will be posted during future disasters. We propose to achieve this objective using a simple feature-based adaptation approach, where tweets are represented as dense numeric vectors of reduced dimensionality using either word embeddings or sentence encodings. Given that several types of word embeddings and sentence encodings exist, we compare tweet representations corresponding to diﬀerent word embeddings and sentence encodings with the goal of understanding what embeddings/encodings are more suitable for use in crisis tweet classiﬁcation tasks. Our experimental results on three crisis tweet classiﬁcation tasks suggest that the tweet representations based on GloVe embeddings produce better results than the representations that use other embeddings, when employed with traditional supervised learning algorithms. Furthermore, the GloVe embeddings trained on crisis data produce better results on more speciﬁc crisis tweet classiﬁcation tasks (e.g., tweets informative versus non-informative), while the GloVe embeddings pre-trained on a large collection of general tweets produce better results on more general classiﬁcation tasks (tweets relevant or not relevant to a crisis).
FACE IMAGE RECOGNITION BASED ON PARTIAL FACE MATCHING USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

In various real-world face recognition applications such as forensics and surveillance, only partial face image is available. Hence, template matching and recognition are strongly needed. In this paper, a genetic algorithm to match a pattern of an image and then recognize this image by this pattern is proposed. This algorithm can use any pattern of an image such as eye, mouth or ear to recognize the image. The proposed genetic algorithm uses a small length chromosome to decrease the search space, and hence the results could be obtained in a short time. Two datasets were used to test the proposed method which are AR Face database and LFW database of face, the overall matching and recognition accuracy were calculated based on conducting sequences of experiments on random sub-datasets, where the overall matching and recognition accuracy was 91.7% and 90% respectively. The results of the proposed algorithm demonstrate the robustness and efficiency compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms. صلختسملا يف سمأ يف نوكن بلاقلا ةطساوب فرعتلاو بلاقلا ةقباطم اذهل ،دوجوم نوكی هجولا نم طقف ءزج هجولا ىلع فرعتلا تاقیبطت نم ریثك تمدق دق بلاقلا مادختساب قباطتلاو فرعتلل ةینیج ةیمزراوخ ،ثحبلا اذه يف ،اهیلا ةجاحلا . لثم ءزج يأ مدختست نا اهنكمی ةیمزراوخلا هذه ،نیعلا ا ،مفلا ةبولطملا ةروصلا ىلع فرعتتل نذلاا و . ،ةمدختسملا ةینیزختلا ةحاسملا لیلقتل ریصق هلوط موسومرك مدختست ةحورطملا ةیمزراوخلا دیزی اذهو ةیمزراوخلا ةعرس نم . مت دقل نینثا مادختسا روص تانایب دعاوق نم عم لماعتلا ىلع ءانب تبسح فرعتلاو قباطتلا جئاتن ةقد تناكو هوجولا ومجم دعاوق نم ةیئزج ةیئاوشع ةع روصلا , يواست ةیلكلا زییمتلاو ةقباطملا ةقد تناكو 91.7 % و 90 % روص ةدعاق لكل , حضوت جئاتنلا هذه ةدوج و تابث و ةءافك ةمدقملا ةیمزراوخلا نراقم ة ةزیمتم يرخا تایمزراوخب .
Weak-value amplification: state of play

Abstract Weak values arise in quantum theory when the result of a weak measurement is conditioned on a subsequent strong measurement. The majority of the trials are discarded, leaving only very few successful events. Intriguingly those can display a substantial signal amplification. This raises the question of whether weak values carry potential to improve the performance of quantum sensors, and indeed a number of impressive experimental results suggested this may be the case. By contrast, recent theoretical studies have found the opposite: using weak-values to obtain an amplification generally worsens metrological performance. This survey summarises the implications of those studies, which call for a reappraisal of weak values’ utility and for further work to reconcile theory and experiment.
Periodontal Health Awareness among Medical Students - A Survey

Aim: The aim of the present survey is to find the periodontal awareness among medical students and to correlate its importance in day-today medical practice. Materials and Methods: A total of one–hundred and eighty seven medical students participated in this survey. Nine questions pertaining to oral health and its relation with systemic health were given. Based on their answers their knowledge related to periodontology was assessed. Results: Only one-third of the students had awareness about periodontitis. Its importance in maintaining systemic health was not known by many of them. Majority of the students were eager know to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Conclusion: Periodontitis and periodontal medicine are subject to be known by both dental and medical professionals. It should be made a usual curriculum for all medical students.
Transition to turbulence scaling in Rayleigh-Bénard convection

If a fluid flow is driven by a weak Gaussian random force, the nonlinearity in the Navier-Stokes equations is negligibly small and the resulting velocity field obeys Gaussian statistics. Nonlinear effects become important as the driving becomes stronger and a transition occurs to turbulence with anomalous scaling of velocity increments and derivatives. This process has been described by V. Yakhot and D. A. Donzis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 044501 (2017) for homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT). In more realistic flows driven by complex physical phenomena, such as instabilities and nonlocal forces, the initial state itself, and the transition to turbulence from that initial state, are much more complex. In this paper, we discuss the Reynolds-number-dependence of moments of the kinetic energy dissipation rate of orders 2 and 3 obtained in the bulk of thermal convection in the Rayleigh-Benard system. The data are obtained from three-dimensional spectral element direct numerical simulations in a cell with square cross section and aspect ratio 25 by A. Pandey et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 2118 (2018). Different Reynolds numbers $1 \lesssim {\rm Re}_{\ell} \lesssim 1000$ which are based on the thickness of the bulk region $\ell$ and the corresponding root-mean-square velocity are obtained by varying the Prandtl number Pr from 0.005 to 100 at a fixed Rayleigh number ${\rm Ra}=10^5$. A few specific features of the data agree with the theory but the normalized moments of the kinetic energy dissipation rate, ${\cal E}_n$, show a non-monotonic dependence for small Reynolds numbers before obeying the algebraic scaling prediction for the turbulent state. Implications and reasons for this behavior are discussed.
Egg production of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to variable sex ratio, maturity, and fecundity

Observed fluctuations in relative fecundity of Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua L.) were related to food availability during the main feeding period and were used to develop a predictive model that explained 72% of the interannual variations in fecundity. Time series of sex ratios, maturity ogives, and relative fecundity were combined with mean weights-at-age and stock sizes from an analytical multispecies model to estimate the potential egg production (PEP). Relationships between PEP and independent estimates of realized daily and seasonal egg production from egg surveys were highly significant. The difference between estimates of potential and realized seasonal egg production was of a magnitude corresponding to the expected loss of eggs as a result of atresia, fertilization failure, and early egg mortality. The removal of interannual variability in sex ratio, maturity, and fecundity on estimates of PEP deteriorated the relationships in all three cases. PEP proved to be superior to spawning stock biomass.
Observations on the predation behaviour of the otter Lutra lutra in NE Spain

Adult and sub-adult otters Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) caugh and consumed 3.36 prey (fish) per hour (n=32 captures). This represents 273.8 g of wet mass/h of activity outside the rest sites. (10.5-13.1% of the day) and it is enough to get their daily needs. Otters ate the pray without hiding on average (n=93) 0.46 m from the bank (up to 3.9 m) and 0.25 m above water level (up to 2.05 m). Prey weighing less than 150-200 g were consumed entirely, for this reason prey remains are very rare (except large trout, American crayfish and gravide cyprond females). Unpleasant tasting or toxic parts and sharp or wide parts of the bones, scales, teeth, claws, heads or leggs in large prey were not eaten.
Prediction Markets, Social Media and Information Efficiency

We consider the impact of breaking news on market prices. We measure activity on the micro‐blogging platform Twitter surrounding a unique, newsworthy and identifiable event and investigate subsequent movements of betting prices on the prominent betting exchange, Betfair. The event we use is the Bigotgate scandal, which occurred during the 2010 UK General Election campaign. We use recent developments in time series econometric methods to identify and quantify movements in both Twitter activity and Betfair prices, and compare the timings of the two. We find that the response of market prices appears somewhat sluggish and is indicative of market inefficiency, as Betfair prices adjust with a delay, and there is evidence for post‐news drift. This slow movement may be explained by the need for corroborating evidence via more traditional forms of media. Once important tweeters begin to tweet, including importantly breaking news Twitter feeds from traditional media sources, prices begin to move.