Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intermediate Goods–Skill Complementarity

Abstract Recent research has begun to imply intermediate goods–skill complementarity; however, this possible complementarity has been hypothesized but not statistically tested, despite the increasing importance of intermediate goods in production. This study provides statistical evidence regarding whether intermediate goods are more complementary with skilled labor than with unskilled labor. Using panel data from 40 countries over the period 1995–2009, we estimate a two-level constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. Our major findings are fivefold. First, at the aggregated one-sector level, the elasticity of substitution between intermediate goods and unskilled labor is 1.22, which is significantly greater than that between intermediate goods and skilled labor of 1.05, indicating intermediate goods–skill complementarity. Second, at the disaggregated level, such complementarity is primarily observed in heavy manufacturing industries and the service sector, whereas complementarity is observed between intermediate goods and unskilled labor in the primary sector and light manufacturing industries. Third, the normalization of the data and the cumulant estimators exhibit stronger results. Fourth, our baseline results are confirmed applying several robustness checks, such as switching skilled and unskilled labor or considering capital–skill complementarity. Finally, intermediate goods–skill complementarity tends to be higher for industries that use more imported intermediate goods.
THE INTERACTIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUTREACH BREADTH AND OUTREACH DEPTH OF VIETNAM’S FORMAL MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

Outreach breadth and outreach depth are factors affecting the operations and the goals of formal microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to discover the interactive relationship between outreach breadth and outreach depth and to examine factors that affect the outreach breadth and outreach depth of formal MFIs. After regression analysis on a set of panel data from 2010 to 2018 of all formal MFIs in Vietnam, it appears that financial sustainability, repayment ratio have positive relationships with outreach breadth; number of branches andoutreach depth have negative relationships with outreach breadth; whiledeposit-to-loan ratio has a negative impact on outreach breadth. Debt-to-equity ratio and financial sustainability have positive relationships with outreach depth; the size growth of MFIs and loan-to-deposit ratio have negative relationships with outreach depth, portfolio at risk has a negative impact on outreach depth. The study finds bidirectional interactions between outreach breadth and outreach depth. This study helps researchers and managers to understand the key determinants for better management of formal MFIs.
TESTING THE CAUSALITY AND COINTEGRATION BETWEEN EXPORTS, IMPORTS, AND EXCHANGE RATES: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamic causality and cointegrationbetween the exports, imports, and the USD exchange rate in India. The quarterly time series data from 2002:Q1 to 2018:Q3 are used. Stationarity of the variables are diagnosed using the Ng-Perron unit root test,and the long-run equilibrium relationship vetween the variables is tested using the Johansen’s cointegration test. In addition, the direction of causality and the short and long-run relationships between the variables are investigated using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The findings indicate the existence of a long-run cointegrating relationship between the exports, imports, and the USD exchange rate. In the long-run, exchange rate is positively related to the exports and negatively related to the imports. The VECM results suggest that there are unidirectional Granger causalities running from exchange rate to exports andfrom exchange rate to imports. In addition, there is a feedback relationship between exports and imports. The existence of cointegration suggests that the macroeconomic policies have been effective in bringing exports and imports in long-run equilibrium, and thus, India is not in violation of her international budget constraint. These findings may have important implications for decision-making by national policymakers.
Evaluating the impact of instruction in critical thinking on the critical thinking skills of English language learners in higher education

In 1994 the Lebanese government called for an education reform to introduce critical thinking (CT) in the curriculum. The reform failed as there was no consensus on how CT should be taught. Some commentators consider CT a cultural practice that cannot be taught in cultures that do not encourage independent thinking. This study examines whether instruction in CT can develop the CT skills of undergraduate English language learners in a system where politics and religion take precedence over the quality of education. The thesis begins with a systematic review that synthesises empirical evidence of the effect of teaching CT on CT skills of undergraduate English language learners. Of 1,830 records, only 36 studies were deemed relevant. The review suggests indicative evidence that explicit instruction may be beneficial. However, because of methodological flaws, the strength of the evidence is weak. To establish the effect of this approach, a cluster randomised control trial was carried out in a university in Lebanon involving 29 English classes (413 students). The trial was conducted over one term in which 11 lessons in CT (14 sessions) were substituted for material from the regular curriculum. Experimental students made bigger gains on the Cornell Critical Thinking Test between pre- and post-test (ES = +0.3). Process evaluation shows that the key factors in successful implementations were teachers’ positive attitude, training of teachers, and the readily available lesson plans that were integrated into the curriculum. Students’ attitudes and lack of general knowledge were key barriers. The predominance of poorly designed research in the review suggests that research in CT is underdeveloped and is not a priority for policymakers in non-native English speaking countries. More funding could be invested to strengthen research in CT. Overall, this study shows that the objective of the education reforms in Lebanon to introduce CT is not difficult to achieve if teachers are trained.
The Experience of Consensus: Video as an Effective Medium to Communicate Scientific Agreement on Climate Change

Research on the gateway belief model indicates that communicating the scientific consensus on global warming acts as a “gateway” to other beliefs and support for action. We test whether a video conveying the scientific consensus on global warming is more effective than a text transcript with the same information. Results show that the video was significantly more effective than the transcript in increasing people’s perception of scientific agreement. Structural equation models indicate indirect increases in the beliefs that global warming is happening and is human-caused, and in worry about global warming, which in turn predict increased global warming issue priority.
The Pathogen, Scapegoat, or a Miracle Drug? Short Selling and Stock Price Crash Risk

We identify the causality between short selling and stock price crash risk. Employing the difference-in-differences approach and a regulatory change from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Regulation SHO program, as an exogenous shock, we find that the lifting of short-sale constraints reduces the stock price crash risk, and the effect is stronger for the firms with more severe agency problems and greater information asymmetry. This study sheds light on the monitoring role of short selling in the equity market and its impact on corporate governance. In addition, our results have policy implications to security market regulators.
Personality-Based Content Engineering for Rich Digital Media

Firms have increasingly turned to rich digital media, such as videos and photos, to attract attention and boost awareness. Although extant research may help firms promote these media more effectively, the marketing process truly begins with creation of the media. Content creators may thus benefit from understanding what content features are likely to help their media achieve greater popularity. We develop a method to understand the effect of content on the consumption of online videos, and apply this method on a unique dataset of 16,414 videos from 363 YouTube channels. Our approach labels videos as high- or low-performing relative to comparable videos, and employs natural language processing to characterize videos by the extent to which their captions reflect each of the “Big Five” personality traits. We then leverage a non-linear, data-driven machine learning inductive technique to identify content features associated with performance level. Our analysis uncovers novel predictive, economic, and prescriptive insights. We find that using just their personality, we can predict with 72% accuracy whether videos will perform better than comparable media. Furthermore, videos associated with high-performing personalities can expect a 15% increase in consumption relative to those with low-performing personalities. Finally, we examine which personalities are associated with high consumption, offering prescriptive insights for content engineering.
Describing and Comparing Archaeological Spatial Structures Case Study Meymanat Abad

Traditionally, occupation phases, without clearly identifiable contexts, have been excavated according to arbitrarily defined vertical spits. The disadvantages of this approach are obvious—where occupation occurred on an undulating or sloped surface, stratigraphic levels or activity horizons, if they existed, are often unlikely to be identified and it becomes almost impossible to differentiate different phases of occupation within any period. Recently, three-dimensional recording of artefact locations with survey equipment, such as total stations, has become more common on these types of sites. In this paper, this method for recording and modeling stratigraphic relationships using 3D analysis a ”Arcmap” programs is applied.
Multi Time Steps Prediction dengan Recurrent Neural Network Long Short Term Memory

Tidak tersedianya sumber daya alam seperti migas, hasil hutan ataupun industri manufaktur yang berskala besar di pulau Lombok menyebabkan pariwisata telah menjadi sektor andalan dalam pembangunan daerah. Kontribusi sektor pariwisata menunjukkan trend yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Dampak positif pengeluaran wisatawan terhadap perekonomian terdistribusikan ke berbagai sektor. Akan tetapi, pemerinatah daerah umumnya akan melakukan persiapan wisata daerah hanya pada saat even lokal saja. Padahal kunjungan wisatawan bukan hanya karena faktor adanya event lokal saja. Persiapan pemerintah daerah dan pelaku wisata sangat penting untuk meningkatkan stabilitas kunjungan wisatawan. Penelitian ini mengkaji prediksi kunjungan wisatawan dengan pendekatan Recurrent Neural Network Long Short Term Memory (RNN LSTM). LSTM berisi informasi di luar aliran normal dari recurrent nertwork dalam gate cell. Cell membuat keputusan tentang apa yang harus disimpan dan kapan mengizinkan pembacaan, penulisan dan penghapusan, melalui gate yang terbuka dan tertutup. Gate menyampaikan informasi berdasarkan kekuatan yang masuk ke dalamnya dan akan difilter menjadi bobot dari gate itu sendiri. Bobot tersebut sama seperti bobot input dan hidden unit yang disesuaikan melalui proses leraning pada recurrent network. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan membangun model prediksi kunjungan wisatawan dengan RNN LSTM menggunakan multi time steps mendapatkan hasil RMSE sebesar 6888.37 pada data training dan 14684.33 pada data testing.
How Reliable are Compositions of Series and Parallel Networks Compared with Hammocks?

A classical problem in computer/network reliability is that of identifying simple, regular and repetitive building blocks (motifs) which yield reliability enhancements at the system-level. Over time, this apparently simple problem has been addressed by various increasingly complex methods. The earliest and simplest solutions are series and parallel structures. These were followed by majority voting and related schemes. For the most recent solutions, which are also the most involved (e.g., those based on Harary and circulant graphs), optimal reliability has been proven under particular conditions. Here, we propose an alternate approach for designing reliable systems as repetitive compositions of the simplest possible structures. More precisely, our two motifs (basic building blocks) are: two devices in series, and two devices in parallel. Therefore, for a given number of devices (which is a power of two) we build all the possible compositions of series and parallel networks of two devices. For all of the resulting twoterminal networks, we compute exactly the reliability polynomials, and then compare them with those of size-equivalent hammock networks. The results show that compositions of the two simplest motifs are not able to surpass size-equivalent hammock networks in terms of reliability. Still, the algorithm for computing the reliability polynomials of such compositions is linear (extremely effcient), as opposed to the one for the size-equivalent hammock networks, which is exponential. Interestingly, a few of the compositions come extremely close to size-equivalent hammock networks with respect to reliability, while having fewer wires.a
Network Topology Detection System

Detecting network topology is essential to cope with any existing or future network changes such as the loss of network devices (routers, switches, or hubs), interfaces going down, or cable issues, any if which might change packets’ paths, interfere with the network structure, interface status, or neighbour status, or disconnect and reconnect devices. This paper develops a low-cost network detection system that is responsible for discovering network topology by identifying each network device’s neighbours to allowed the network administrators to know where each device and its neighbours are located, maintaining these devices’ information in a local database to be used for visualisation purposes to demonstrate relevant changes inside the devices such as IP address, interfaces, and neighbours by using a configured hardware device. This system can be implemented in any large to medium size of network, measured depending on the number of users that join such a network. In addition, it can be used to remotely fix any minor issues that are detected which may later affect the entire network. The experimental results substantiate the fact that the system resolves the high cost of hardware experienced by previous work in this field.
THE IMPACT OF MANAGERIAL STOCK OPTION ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

This paper examined the effects of the managerial stock options of the listed Chinese firms on the firm performance. Based on our knowledge, it is the first empirical evidence describing the marketâ€™s reaction of stock option implementation in China. The results revealed that the firm performance was influenced by working machinery and external factors. One of the factors was a stock option that has a significant negative impact on firm performance; however, the level of impact decreases year by year in a long-term. In addition, the study showed that duality CEO and board size also have a significant negative impact on the performance of the firms but the independent boards and state-ownership positively increase firm performance. Moreover, there was a little impact of the international financial crisis on firm performance in Chinese stock markets during 2007-2009 was uncovered.
Effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia powder

Abstract This work aimed to determine the influence of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia (BFU) powder. For this purpose, fine powder (FP) and two superfine powders (SPs) were obtained via superfine and conventional grinding methods. The properties of different powders were studied and compared. Compared with FP, SPs exhibited higher values in terms of the angle of repose, swelling capacity, ethanol extraction yield, total alkaloid content, and imperialine content, while lower values in terms of particle size and bulk density. Especially, the total alkaloid content of SP‐I increased by 66.7%. Proper grinding is more conducive to reduce particle size and improve alkaloid content. FTIR analysis indicates that no new functional groups produced after superfine grinding. XRD analysis suggests that grinding treatment lead to decreases in the crystallinity. Therefore, superfine grinding displays immense potential in the BFU application.
Quality of Peach (Prunus persica L.) Genotypes Packed in LDPE Plastic Packaging under Different Storage Conditions

Peach Marketing in Ethiopia is complicated by postharvest losses like other horticulture produce. Although peach varieties have been introduced and studied for their productivity, their postharvest quality has not been evaluated at Holeta. Therefore, the experiment was done to assess influence of polyethylene plastic packaging and storage conditions on postharvest quality and storage life stability of peach genotypes. It was conducted at Holeta agricultural research center from January to February, 2018. Peach genotypes ‘Bonnigold, Early Grande, 90-19H and Topic Beauty’ packed in perforated and non-perforated low density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) and stored under two storage conditions i.e. ambient (6.4°C to 20.2 °C; 40%–71 % RH) and cold storage (-1°C to1 °C; 85–99 % RH). Genotypes had different response to packaging materials and storage conditions. Perforated bag packaging with cold storage was found more effective as compared to non-perforated and the control fruits in maintaining firmness. Non-perforated bag packaging’s combined with cold storage extended shelf life of peach fruits 10 – 20 days compared to other treatment combinations. The non-perforated plastic packaged fruits stored in the cold storage also maintained more TSS, AA, TA, TSS/TA, pH, marketability and specific gravity content and lowered weight loss and decay. Therefore, non-perforated plastic packaging with cold storage condition can be considered in maintaining its quality and extending the shelf life of peaches mainly for commercial producers, traders as well as research stations.
High-Resolution, Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Human Trabecular Meshwork In Vivo

Purpose To image the human trabecular meshwork (TM) in vivo using adaptive optics gonioscopy (AOG) with approximately 2-μm lateral resolution. Methods An existing Indiana University adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope was altered by adding a 12-mm button lens to a clinical gonioscopic lens allowing high-resolution imaging of the human iridocorneal angle. First an anatomic model eye was used to refine the imaging technique and then nine participants (7 controls and 2 participants with pigment dispersion syndrome) were imaged. Results All nine participants were successfully imaged without adverse events. High-resolution imaging of the human TM was achieved allowing for visualization of the TM beams, and presumed endothelial cells. Uveal meshwork beams in controls averaged 25.5 μm (range, 15.2–44.7) in diameter with pores averaging 42.6 μm (range, 22.3–51.4) while the corneoscleral meshwork pores averaged 8.9 μm (range, 7.7–12.1). Differences in appearance of the uveal and corneoscleral meshwork were noted between the two participants with pigment dispersion syndrome and the controls. These included nearly absent spacing between the beams and enlarged endothelial cells with hyperreflective areas. Conclusions AOG allows for near cellular level resolution of the human TM in vivo. This may allow for further understanding of age-related changes that occur as well as provide a deeper understanding of medical and surgical alterations for the treatment of glaucoma. Translational Relevance Further development of this approach may allow for direct measurements at a micometer level in vivo of changes that occur in the human trabecular meshwork with glaucoma and therapeutic interventions.
A neural basis of unpleasant emotional processing in modified guided imagery and music: An fMRI study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Music and imagery are often used as stimuli in emotionally focused therapy to induce personal emotions, especially unpleasant emotions, which are related to personal episodic memories. In this study, we designed an fMRI study to demonstrate the enhancement effect of unpleasant emotions by modified guided imagery and music (GIM), which is a music psychotherapy approach utilizing music and imagery. Methods: Music excerpts and verbal instructions (VI) were presented to 23 right-handed healthy participants, and regions of interest (ROI) analysis for the difference between GIM as a combined stimulus (GIM-CS) and music as a single stimulus (M-SS) was conducted. Additionally, subjective responses about the experience of GIM-CS, M-SS, and VI were obtained and compared with the results of the ROI analysis. Results: The ROI analysis revealed statistically significant differences between GIM-CS and M-SS in the amygdala, insular, parahippocampal gyrus, and putamen. More specifically, GIM-CS increased the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activity in these regions. Subjective responses clearly indicated that unpleasant emotions were remarkably increased by GIM-CS than by M-SS and that VI assisted the participants to focus on personal emotions. Discussion: This study showed the neural networks of unpleasant emotional processing, which is initiated by modified GIM. Even though the fMRI experiments were conducted with a modified form of GIM, the study results can be potentially used to provide the neuroscientific rationale for effective use of GIM in clinical practice.
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba, Corporate Governance, dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan dan Pertanian yang Listing di Bei 2013-2015)

This research aimed to present an empirical evidence influence of earnings management, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility disclosure on tax avoidance. Earnings management measured using model jones, corporate governance mechanism seen from institusional ownership, managerial ownership, audit commutte, audit quality. Disclosure of corporate social responsibiltiy using the global reporting initiative generation four (GRI-G4). Tax avoidance as measured by cas effective tax rate (CETR). The sampling method using purposive sampling and data was analyzed using multiple linier reggression. The results show that earnings management and corporate social responsibiltity influence on action of tax avoidance. Meanwhile, Institusional ownership, managerial ownership, audit comittes and audit quality does not influence on action of tax avoidance.