Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of two educational methods on knowledge and adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients: clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) deal with many potential problems with hemodialysis for all their life. Regarding the importance of preventing dialysis adverse effects, which are in close connection with lack of knowledge and report on how to train the patients? This study aims at comparing the impact of two methods of face to face training and training pamphlet on complying and informing of hemodialysis treatments. METHODS This clinical trial study was conducted on 58 hemodialysis patients who visited Shahid Rahnemun Teaching hospital, Yazd, Iran, and had required conditions of the research. Data were collected through a questionnaire including personal-social information, several questions to assess the level of compliance and to inform the treatment method. The quantitative analysis of this study used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 13 and descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square, paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA) statistics were employed. RESULTS The mean scores for informing both groups (face to face and training pamphlet) were significantly increased. The mean score for adherence to treatments was also significant. CONCLUSION In this research, face to face training was found to be more effective than training pamphlet. It seemed to have more strong effect on increasing the level of information and adherence to treatment. To train these people, face to face training should be, thus, preferred.
On the stellar sources of presolar graphite

Primitive meteorites contain graphite spherules whose anomalous isotopic compositions indicate a stellar origin. The isolation of presolar graphite grains is difficult and they have been less well studied than presolar silicon carbide grains. While previous isotopic measurements have been made on graphite from the Murchison meteorite and mostly on low-density grains, a new separation of graphite from the Orgueil meteorite and the application of a new ion microprobe, the NanoSIMS, have provided a wealth of C, N, O, Al, and Si isotopic data on grains with a range of densities. These data confirm that low-density grains come from supernovae. These grains are characterized by 15 N, 18 O, 28 Si and 49 Ti excesses, high inferred 26 Al/ 27 Al ratios, as well as evidence for the initial presence of the short-lived radionuclides 22 Na, 41 Ca, and 44 Ti. All these signatures point to an origin in Type II supernovae. The Ne-E(L) component, almost pure 22 Ne, is characteristic of presolar graphite and led to its discovery. In SN grains it is due to the decay of short-lived (T1/2 = 2.6 yr) 22 Na, which apparently was implanted into the grains. Many high-density grains have high 12 C/ 13 C ratios (>300) and large excesses in 30 Si and smaller excesses in 29 Si. These signatures are best explained by an origin in low-metallicity AGB stars. In these stars the enrichments of the envelope in the heavy Si isotopes and in 12 C, products of nucleosynthesis in the He shell, are much larger than those expected for solar-metallicity parent stars. The high 12 C/ 13 C ratios imply also high C/O ratios, which probably caused the preferential condensation of graphite grains over SiC grains. An AGB origin of high-density grains is compatible with the presence of internal sub-grains with high concentrations of the s-process elements Zr, Mo, and Ru, reflecting the high abundances of these elements in the envelope of such stars. The stellar source of high-density grains with 12 C/ 13 C ratios around 10 remains elusive.
Service Quality Perception of Customers – a Study of Toyota Motors in India

Attrition is the major problem in the Indian Retail Industry which experienced the attrition rate of 19.4% in FY 2016 according to KPMG Annual Compensation Trends Survey 2017-18. The focus of these organizations is to reduce turnover by focusing on the underlying factors leading to turnover intentions and actual turnover. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of job satisfaction and core self-evaluation on turnover intentions. The purpose of the study was also to see if core self-evaluation (CSE) moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The study was conducted using structured questionnaires for measuring the above-mentioned variables. The sample of the study was 347 salespersons from various retail organizations working in Delhi and NCR. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that both job satisfaction and CSE were negatively related to turnover intentions. Also, CSE was found to moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions such that the relationship was stronger for the employees with low core self-evaluation. The present study has important implications for policy makers in the retail sector. Managers should use strategies to increase job satisfaction in order to curb high attrition in this sector. They must be aware of the moderating role played by personality attributes in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions.
Mind Your Music: The Effects of Music-Induced Mood and Arousal Across Different Memory Tasks

The current study examined the effect of background music on different types of memory. One hypothesis is that background music modulates the listener’s internal mood and arousal, putting them at optimal levels to enhance memory performance. Another hypothesis is that background music establishes a “context” that, when reinstated, aids memory performance. To investigate the role of music-induced mood, arousal, and context on memory, we used background music that varied in mood and arousal to create different memory contexts: music present at study only, test only, and both study and test. We assessed how mood, arousal, and context affected performance on recall, recognition, and associative memory tasks. Participants recalled more words when they listened to low arousal music than high arousal music, regardless of mood or whether context was consistent between study and test. For recognition memory, participants also recognized more words when they listened to low arousal music than high arousal music, but only when the music was negative. For associative memory, no significant effects of mood, arousal, or context were found on recognition of previously studied word pairs. Finally, across all experiments, background music, compared with silence, did not significantly improve verbal memory performance. Thus, mood and arousal affected recall and recognition memory, but overall background music did not enhance memory.
The role of oxidative stress in depressive disorders.

UNLABELLED Studies of the World Health Organization suggest that in the year 2020, depressive disorder will be the illness with the highest burden of disease. Especially unipolar depression is the psychiatric disorder with the highest prevalence and incidence, it is cost-intensive and has a relatively high morbidity. Lately, the biological process involved in the aetiology of depression has been the focus of research. Since its emergence, the monoamine hypothesis has been adjusted and extended considerably. An increasing body of evidence points to alterations not only in brain function, but also in neuronal plasticity. The clinical presentations demonstrate these dysfunctions by accompanying cognitive symptoms such as problems with memory and concentration. Modern imaging techniques show volume reduction of the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. These findings are in line with post-mortem studies of patients with depressive disorder and they point to a significant decrease of neuronal and glial cells in cortico-limbic regions which can be seen as a consequence of alterations in neuronal plasticity in this disorder. This could be triggered by an increase of free radicals which in turn eventually leads to cell death and consequently atrophy of vulnerable neuronal and glial cell population in these regions. Therefore, research on increased oxidative stress in unipolar depressive disorder, mediated by elevated concentrations of free radicals, has been undertaken. This review gives a comprehensive overview over the current literature discussing the involvement of oxidative stress and free radicals in depression. METHODS We have carried out a medline search "oxidative stress depression", "oxidative stress affective disorders", "free radicals and depression", "free radicals and affective disorders" "antidepressants oxidative stress" "antidepressants and free radicals". We found numerous reports elaborating depressive disorder and oxidative stress. Most of the previous studies concentrated on investigating antioxidants in human blood as well as in animal models. However, few of these reports were able to show correlations of reduced oxidative stress with antidepressant treatment and clinical outcome measures. Fewer studies elaborated the concentrations of antioxidants in the human brain and some pro-oxidative enzymes in depression. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the complex role of oxidative stress in the aetiology of depression.
A better transient response, better PSRR and low quiescent current capacitor-less low drop out regulator

This paper presents a capacitor less LDO voltage regulator by varying the substrate voltage using IBM 90-nm technology which improves the performance of LDO voltage regulator by increasing the value of PSRR at high. Low drop out regulator (LDO) is a regulator which provide the difference between unregulated input and regulated output voltage while driving the load to its require range and also provide the require load current. LDO is an essential part of the power management system that provides constant voltage supply with improved transient response i.e. they should be capable of responding quickly to changes in load current. Increased demands of LDO make it important part of various fields like portable devices, biomedical devices, MCUs etc. Simulated results shows ΔVout is less than 1 mV for 5 pF at 1uA load current with 54 uA quiescent current and 50 dB at 10KHz.
Using Risk Characteristics to Classify Funds

We analyzed the South African general equity unit trusts for the period 30 June 2002 to 31 December 2014 to assess if we can re-categorize them into risk homogeneity groups. The current ASISA standards do not fully classify the unit trusts into categories that have within-group homogeneity and between-group heterogeneity.By analyzing the persistence of both systematic and total risk we concluded that we could objectively classify these unit trusts into objective risk homogeneity groups and improve on the current ASISA-mandate-based classification.
Role of Microfinance Banks Credit in the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

The study employed descriptive research design to investigate the role of Microfinance Banks credits in the development of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistic were employed for data analysis and testing the postulated hypotheses. Data were obtained from one hundred Small and Medium Entrepreneurs located in Lokoja, selected through a random sampling process. The results from the study showed that Microfinance Banks credits have impact on the expansion capacity of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lokoja. The findings also revealed that Microfinance Banks have mobilized savings for intermediation and Small and Medium Enterprises development in Lokoja. The study therefore recommends that Microfinance Banks at all levels of government should be mandated by the Central Bank of Nigeria to support and promote Small and Medium Enterprises as part of the object of their establishment with proper enforcement measures to ensure compliance. In addition, policies Original Research Article Duru et al.; AJEBA, 5(3): 1-9, 2017; Article no.AJEBA. 38480 2 that will minimize the entry regulations imposed on Small and Medium Enterprises, promote attainment of high levels of productivity and serve as the bedrock of stable exchange rates and low inflation should be encouraged. Furthermore, good infrastructural facilities that encourage Small and Medium Enterprises to pool their information and resources together should be put in place.
Effects of high-intensity resistance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To confirm, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the efficacy of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in restoring muscle mass and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Additionally, to investigate the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy in the context of RA. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with established, controlled RA were randomized to either 24 weeks of twice-weekly PRT (n = 13) or a range of movement home exercise control group (n = 15). Dual x-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition (including lean body mass [LBM], appendicular lean mass [ALM], and fat mass); objective physical function; disease activity; and muscle IGFs were assessed at weeks 0 and 24. RESULTS Analyses of variance revealed that PRT increased LBM and ALM (P < 0.01); reduced trunk fat mass by 2.5 kg (not significant); and improved training-specific strength by 119%, chair stands by 30%, knee extensor strength by 25%, arm curls by 23%, and walk time by 17% (for objective function tests, P values ranged from 0.027 to 0.001 versus controls). In contrast, body composition and physical function remained unchanged in control patients. Changes in LBM and regional lean mass were associated with changes in objective function (P values ranged from 0.126 to <0.0001). Coinciding with muscle hypertrophy, previously diminished muscle levels of IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 3 both increased following PRT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In an RCT, 24 weeks of PRT proved safe and effective in restoring lean mass and function in patients with RA. Muscle hypertrophy coincided with significant elevations of attenuated muscle IGF levels, revealing a possible contributory mechanism for rheumatoid cachexia. PRT should feature in disease management.
Hydrologic Regulation of Chemical Weathering and the Geologic Carbon Cycle

Hydrologic Thermostat When the silicate-rich rocks and minerals in Earth's interior are uplifted and exposed to Earth's surface, they dissolve. On a geologic time scale, this chemical weathering process ultimately creates a sink for CO2, thereby influencing global temperatures. Maher and Chamberlain (p. 1502, published online 13 March) developed a theoretical framework for understanding the fundamental relationship between weathering, tectonics, and the geological carbon cycle. The analysis suggests that temperature plays less of a role in regulating chemical weathering—which is dependent on the balance of tectonic uplift and erosion—than runoff on continents and the time that silicate minerals are exposed to fluids. Plateaus in weathering fluxes with increasing runoff or temperature allows for the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 despite high rates of uplift or erosion. Consumption of carbon dioxide through silicate weathering is regulated by the intensity of the hydrologic cycle. Earth’s temperature is thought to be regulated by a negative feedback between atmospheric CO2 levels and chemical weathering of silicate rocks that operates over million-year time scales. To explain variations in the strength of the weathering feedback, we present a model for silicate weathering that regulates climatic and tectonic forcing through hydrologic processes and imposes a thermodynamic limit on weathering fluxes, based on the physical and chemical properties of river basins. Climate regulation by silicate weathering is thus strongest when global topography is elevated, similar to the situation today, and lowest when global topography is more subdued, allowing planetary temperatures to vary depending on the global distribution of topography and mountain belts, even in the absence of appreciable changes in CO2 degassing rates.
Blood-brain and CSF barriers to penicillin and related organic acids.

Soon after the introduction of penicillin, it was recognized that only very low concentrations of the drug were obtained in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite high blood levels. 1,2 The relative exclusion of this organic acid from the brain and CSF has been attributed to the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers, terms which imply an impedance to entry of mysterious nature. The barrier effect has been studied extensively in recent years, and it is well established that the physical properties of various substances may inhibit or enhance their ability to enter the brain and CSF. 3-6 These properties, which are relevant to the transfer of compounds across all biological membranes, include: molecular size, degree of binding to serum proteins, lipid solubility, and the degree of ionization at the pH of the blood, CSF, and brain. However, the barrier effect has been shown to depend not only upon factors limiting entry into the
Observation of Self-Reset During Forming of the TiN/HfOx/TiN Resistive Switching Device

Study on complementary resistive switching of TiN/HfOx/TiN memory device has shown that the device is highly susceptible to self-reset, i.e., the device is automatically programmed into the high-resistance state during forming. This is observed in the following opposite-polarity voltage sweep, in which the device exhibits a set behavior (instead of a reset as typically observed in bipolar switching mode). Interestingly, the self-reset behavior is: 1) suppressed in devices with a thin Al2O3 layer inserted in-between the TiN and HfOx and 2) completely eliminated in devices with the TiN cathode replaced by Pt. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that ascribes the self-reset to the migration of oxygen ions from the cathode interfacial oxide into the conducting filament in the HfOx during the forming transient, thus resulting in the disruption of the filament. With the reduction in voltage loading across the cathode interfacial oxide during forming transient in devices with the Al2O3 interlayer and the elimination of interfacial oxide in devices with the Pt cathode, the occurrence of self-reset is reduced or eradicated.
Identification of Diverse Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Carried on Bacterial, Plasmid, or Viral Metagenomes from an Activated Sludge Microbial Assemblage

ABSTRACT Using both sequence- and function-based metagenomic approaches, multiple antibiotic resistance determinants were identified within metagenomic libraries constructed from DNA extracted from bacterial chromosomes, plasmids, or viruses within an activated sludge microbial assemblage. Metagenomic clones and a plasmid that in Escherichia coli expressed resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or kanamycin were isolated, with many cloned DNA sequences lacking any significant homology to known antibiotic resistance determinants.
Comment on "Effects of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyl triclosan on thyroid hormone action and stress in frog and mammalian culture systems".

I their recent article, Hinther et al. 1 made the following statement. “Moreover, Xenopus laevis premetamorphic tadpoles exposed to TCS through prometamorphosis exhibited an increase in TRβ transcript levels in stage-matched tadpoles at metamorphic climax. This same study also found tadpole development was significantly accelerated upon exposure toTCS although thyroidmorphology and thyroxine levels were unchanged (ref 22 for further information). ” Unfortunately, the authors did not provide adequate detail of the findings of Fort et al. (cited as ref 21 in Hinther et al. (2011)), and have thus misrepresented the results described in the paper. In addition, no acknowledgment or discussion of the supplemental data provided in our response to Helbing et al. (2011) (cited as ref 22 inHinther et al. (2011)) was provided in Hinther et al. (2011) which clarify the results presented. Our response to Helbing et al. indicated that a statistical acceleration of Xenopus laevis tadpole development and TRβ induction occurred only at the lowest concentration and an intermediate concentration tested. Thus, no concentration response relationship existed. Hinther et al. (2011) assertion that thyroid histopathology and thyroxin levels “were unchanged” was correctly cited. Further examination of the data from longer-term exposure in Fort et al. (2011) and Fort et al. (2011) in which Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 47 X. laevis tadpoles exposed to triclosan for 32-days indicated that triclosan accelerated tadpole growth as measured by whole body length, snout vent length, and whole body weight. However, thyroid axis-related end points including the rate of tadpole development (developmental stage), thyroid histopathology, andTRβ and deiodinase inductionwere not altered. Reduced plasma T4 levels were again noted in two intermediate test concentrations, but may have been the result of the inability to completely stagematch all specimens due to histopathology and serumhormone end point demands. These clarifications are important for a complete understanding of the controversy that exists regarding triclosan and disruption of the thyroid axis. Our results in X. laevis suggest that triclosan does not alter thyroid axis driven metamorphosis, although triclosan is capable of increasing tadpole growth via apparent nonthyroidal processes.
Bone Marrow–Derived Cells for Enhancing Collateral Development: Mechanisms, Animal Data, and Initial Clinical Experiences

Initial animal studies of single angiogenic agents, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), generated enthusiasm for the concept that these agents might enhance collateral development and thereby provide alternative therapies for patients with vascular disease not amenable to traditional revascularization. The enthusiasm, apparently justified by the subsequent results of small nonrandomized phase-I clinical trials, was then tempered by the subsequent disappointing results of randomized clinical trials. In light of these disappointing results, investigators have pursued alternative strategies in an attempt to improve tissue perfusion. One such strategy is the utilization of bone marrow–derived cell therapy. This review discusses mechanistic pathways mediating the effects of such cell therapy, summarizes the animal and early clinical experience, and speculates on the potential of genetic manipulation of bone marrow–derived cells in an attempt to further enhance their potency.