Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Newborn-care training and perinatal mortality in developing countries.

BACKGROUND Of the 3.7 million neonatal deaths and 3.3 million stillbirths each year, 98% occur in developing countries. An evaluation of community-based interventions designed to reduce the number of these deaths is needed. METHODS With the use of a train-the-trainer model, local instructors trained birth attendants from rural communities in six countries (Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Pakistan, and Zambia) in the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Care course (which focuses on routine neonatal care, resuscitation, thermoregulation, breast-feeding, "kangaroo" [skin-to-skin] care, care of the small baby, and common illnesses) and (except in Argentina) in a modified version of the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program (which teaches basic resuscitation in depth). The Essential Newborn Care intervention was assessed among 57,643 infants with the use of a before-and-after design. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program intervention was assessed as a cluster-randomized, controlled trial involving 62,366 infants. The primary outcome was neonatal death in the first 7 days after birth. RESULTS The 7-day follow-up rate was 99.2%. After birth attendants were trained in the Essential Newborn Care course, there was no significant reduction from baseline in the rate of neonatal death from all causes in the 7 days after birth (relative risk with training, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.22) or in the rate of perinatal death; there was a significant reduction in the rate of stillbirth (relative risk with training, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.88; P=0.003). In clusters of births in which attendants had been randomly assigned to receive training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, as compared with control clusters, there was no reduction in the rates of neonatal death in the 7 days after birth, stillbirth, or perinatal death. CONCLUSIONS The rate of neonatal death in the 7 days after birth did not decrease after the introduction of Essential Newborn Care training of community-based birth attendants, although the rate of stillbirths was reduced. Subsequent training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program did not significantly reduce the mortality rates. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00136708.)
GENERALIZED KNOT COMPLEMENTS AND SOME ASPHERICAL RIBBON DISC COMPLEMENTS

We generalize some aspects of standard knot-theory to all ribbon-disc complements. We study asphericity of the complement of properly embedded links in certain contractible singular 3-manifolds that should be thought off as replacements of the 3-ball in the classical setting. We apply our results to show asphericity of 2-complexes modelled on labelled oriented graphs that correspond to alternating prime projections on some surface.
A Need to Protect: Parents’ Experiences of the Practice of Restricting a Child for a Clinical Procedure in Hospital

There is concern about the potential negative consequences of the common practice of restricting a child for a clinical procedure. The primary objective of this study was to describe parents’ experiences of their child being restricted for a clinical procedure. Individual interviews were conducted with seven parents. Data was analysed using the Thematic Network Analysis framework. The findings show that many parents were very uncomfortable with the care of their child when they were restricted for a clinical procedure; this was attributed to perceived ambivalence, or an impersonal attitude, from some healthcare professionals towards their child. The findings indicate the need for multi-disciplinary examination of the practice of restriction. Parents identified a need for greater information at the time of procedures, including information on the expected number of attempts at a procedure, and specific guidance on correct positioning techniques to enhance the expedient and safe care of their child.
Comparative Study of Sevelamer Carbonate and Calcium Carbonate on Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Parathyroid Hormone in Hemodialysis Iraqi Patients

Fibroblast growth factor-23, play an important role in atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification. Sevelamer can improve vascular calcification, serum uric acid, low-density lipoprotein -cholesterol and Fibroblast growth factor-23. Aim of study: Assessment the effect of sevelamer as phosphate binder against calcium carbonate on Fibroblast growth factor-23. Methods: A prospective openlabelled study that included patients on hemodialysis. A total of 72 patients were screened, only 53 patients completed the 10 week period. Adults patients with serum phosphate as >5.5 mg/dl were included. There were Group1: Includes 28 patients (19 males and 9 females receiving sevelamer carbonate (Renvela) tablet. Group 2: Include 25patients (17 male and 8 female) receiving calcium carbonate tablet. Level of serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, at pre wash, baseline and every 5 weeks, meanwhile the Level Low-density lipoprotein, Fibroblast growth factor23, and parathyroid hormone were measured at baseline and after 10 weeks. Results: Serum phosphorus was significantly reduced after 10 weeks with both sevelamer carbonate -22.4% and calcium carbonate -23.5%. Serum parathyroid was significantly reduced in both groups. Only group 1 was associated with significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 26.4% from base line, significant reduction in Fibroblast growth factor-23 level by -31.2% and significant decrease in Calcium × phosphate product -29.5%. Significant rise in the serum calcium in group 2 patients(14.34%). Conclusion: Sevelamer superior to calcium-based binders in reducing hypercalcemia and Calcium × phosphate product which decrease intimal calcification of dialysis patient arteries, and favorable reduction in Fibroblast growth factor 23, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in dialysis patients.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the heart.

The role of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in regulating fatty acid oxidation was investigated in isolated fatty acid perfused working rat hearts. Overall fatty acid oxidation rates were determined by addition of 1.2 mM [3H]palmitate to the perfusate of hearts in which the endogenous triglyceride pool was prelabeled with [14C]palmitate. Rates of both exogenous and endogenous fatty acid oxidation were measured by simultaneous measurement of 3H2O and 14CO2 production, respectively. A second series of hearts were perfused under similar conditions except that [U-14C]glucose was present in the perfusate for measurement of glucose oxidation rates. Addition of dichloroacetate (DCA, 1 mM) to the perfusate resulted in a dramatic stimulation of glucose oxidation (a 411% increase), with a parallel decrease in fatty acid oxidation (from 305 +/- 51 to 206 +/- 40 nmol/g dry weight.min.unit work). DCA treatment increased the contribution of glucose oxidation to ATP production from 7.1 to 30.6%, while decreasing the contribution of overall fatty acid oxidation from 92.9 to 69.4%. Tissue levels of malonyl-CoA in hearts treated with DCA were higher compared to controls (14.0 +/- 0.6 and 10.0 +/- 0.7 nmol/g dry weight, respectively) and were negatively correlated (r = -0.85) with overall fatty acid oxidation rates. Acetyl-CoA levels were also significantly higher in DCA-treated hearts, and a positive correlation (r = 0.88) was seen between myocardial acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA levels. This suggests that DCA treatment increased the supply of acetyl-CoA for ACC. Western blots revealed the presence of both the 280-kDa (ACC-280) and the 265-kDa (ACC-265) isoforms of ACC in cardiac tissue, with a predominance of ACC-280. The activity of ACC extracted from hearts was similar in both groups when assayed under optimal conditions of acetyl-CoA and citrate. However, using affinity purified ACC, it was demonstrated that heart ACC (predominantly ACC-280) had a higher Km for acetyl-CoA than ACC isolated from white adipose tissue (predominantly ACC-265). We conclude that ACC is an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart and that acetyl-CoA supply is a key determinant of heart ACC-280 activity. As acetyl-CoA levels increase, ACC-280 is activated resulting in an increase in malonyl-CoA inhibition of fatty acid oxidation.
A Solution of the Transmission Limited Dispatch Problem by Sparse Linear Programming

An efficient and reliable algorithm is developed for studying the load shedding and generation reallocation problem in emergencies where a major portion of the transmission system is disabled and an a.c. power flow solution cannot be found for the over- loaded system. The problem is first formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem, and an approximation based on a linear sensitivity between real injections and voltage angles is derived. The linearized problem is solved by a linear programming algorithm which exploits the sparsity of the linear programming tableau. The sparse linear programming algorithm is described, and the test result on a 37-node system shown. The solution algorithm is applicable for large networks.
Postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction: The role of intestinal stenting

Aim: Six children with adhesive obstruction in the postoperative period were treated with stenting the small bowel with long intestinal tube. Materials and Methods: In two children the stenting was done through jejunostomy, and in the other four through the base of appendix. Results: During a follow-up period of 2-14 years, there had been no recurrence. Conclusions: Use of an intraluminal tube stent in preventing recurrent small bowel obstruction due to adhesions is safe and effective when used on appropriately selected patients.
A new approach to projecting 21 st century sea-level changes and extremes 4 Accepted for publication in Earth ’ s Future 6 26 th January

1 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography 14 Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK 2 Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, 16 Canberra 2601, Australia 3 Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), University of 18 Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 4 Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine & 20 Delta Systems, Yerseke, The Netherlands 22
HyperVAE: A Minimum Description Length Variational Hyper-Encoding Network

We propose a framework called HyperVAE for encoding distributions of distributions. When a target distribution is modeled by a VAE, its neural network parameters \theta is drawn from a distribution p(\theta) which is modeled by a hyper-level VAE. We propose a variational inference using Gaussian mixture models to implicitly encode the parameters \theta into a low dimensional Gaussian distribution. Given a target distribution, we predict the posterior distribution of the latent code, then use a matrix-network decoder to generate a posterior distribution q(\theta). HyperVAE can encode the parameters \theta in full in contrast to common hyper-networks practices, which generate only the scale and bias vectors as target-network parameters. Thus HyperVAE preserves much more information about the model for each task in the latent space. We discuss HyperVAE using the minimum description length (MDL) principle and show that it helps HyperVAE to generalize. We evaluate HyperVAE in density estimation tasks, outlier detection and discovery of novel design classes, demonstrating its efficacy.
Non-Markovian sensing of a quantum reservoir

Quantum sensing explores protocols using quantum resource of sensors to achieve highly sensitive measurement to physical quantities. The conventional schemes generally use the unitary dynamics of the sensors to encode the quantities into their states. In order to measure the spectral density of a quantum reservoir, which plays a vital role in controlling the reservoir-caused decoherence to microscopic systems, we here propose a nonunitary-encoding optical sensing scheme. Although the nonunitary dynamics for encoding in turn degrades the quantum resource, we surprisingly find a mechanism to make the encoding time as a resource to improve the precision and the coherent-state-obtained shot-noise limit a prefactor improved by the squeezing of the optical sensor at any long encoding time. Our result shows that this is due to the formation of a sensor-reservoir bound state. Enriching the family of quantum sensing, our scheme gives an efficient way to measure the quantum reservoir and might supply an insightful support to decoherence control.
Interactions between variants in the beta3-adrenergic receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 genes and obesity.

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported modest associations between measures of obesity and the Trp64-Arg variant of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADRbeta3) and the Pro12Ala variant of the peronisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2. We hypothesized that these single gene variants may mark mutations that act through convergent pathways to produce synergistic effects on obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 453 subjects from 10 large Mexican-American families participating in the population-based San Antonio Family Heart Study. The effects of each gene variant singly and jointly were estimated as fixed effects using the measured genotype approach framework. Analyses were conditioned on the pedigree structures to account for the correlations among family members. Statistical significance was evaluated by the likelihood ratio test with adjustment for age, sex and diabetes status. RESULTS The allele frequencies for the ADRbeta3 Trp64Arg and PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala variants were 18 and 12%, respectively. The ADRbeta3 variant was not significantly associated with any of the obesity-related traits, but subjects with the PPAR-gamma2 variant (n = 98) had significantly higher levels of lasting insulin (P = 0.03), leptin (P = 0.009), and waist circumference (P = 0.03) than those without. Subjects with the gene variants (n = 32) had significantly higher BMI, insulin, and leprtin levels than those with only the PPARgamma2 variant (n = 66) (P for interaction: 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 for BMI, fasting insulin, and leptin, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that epistatic models with genes that have modest individual effects may be useful in understanding the genetic underpinnings of typical obesity in humans.
Development of tolerance to the inhibitory effects of ethanol in the rat isolated vas deferens: effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration in vivo

1 Contractions of the rat vas deferens elicited by the addition of noradrenaline (NA), K+‐depolarizing solutions or by electrical stimulation were recorded before and after incubation with ethanol 181 mM. 2 In tissues from untreated rats, the contractions were inhibited 40–50% by such exposure. 3 Injection of ethanol (2 g kg−1) significantly attenuated ethanol's reduction of peak tension generated by the lowest concentration of NA (10−4 mM). 4 Chronic administration of ethanol, 18‐14 g kg−1 daily for two weeks, resulted in significant tolerance to ethanol. Tissues of treated animals demonstrated ethanol‐induced decreases of roughly one‐half those of the maltose dextrin (isocaloric) and water (fluid control) groups. 5 This tolerance persisted for at least 48 h after ethanol treatment had been terminated. 6 Overall, the data suggest that ethanol acts both pre‐ and postsynaptically to produce acute inhibition of smooth muscle contractions or tolerance to these actions upon chronic exposure.
Subcellular localization of the dopamine D2 receptor and coexistence with the calcium‐binding protein neuronal calcium sensor‐1 in the primate prefrontal cortex

Structures of the cerebral cortex expressing the D2 dopamine receptor subtype (D2) are important sites of action of antipsychotic drugs. It has also been repeatedly suggested that the prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Here, by using single and double immunohistochemical techniques with electron microscopy, we investigated in the primate prefrontal cortex the ultrastructural localization of D2 and we compared it with that of the neuronal calcium sensor‐1 (NCS‐1), a neuron‐specific calcium‐binding and D2‐interacting protein. D2 immunoreactivity, revealed with preembedding immunoperoxidase in single labeling and with preembedding immunogold for double labeling, was localized in cell bodies with ultrastructural characteristics of both neurons and astroglia. D2 was localized in pre‐ and postsynaptic structures, including spines and dendrites, and in both excitatory‐ and inhibitory‐like axon terminals. Immunogold labeling revealed peri‐ and extrasynaptic localization of D2 in postsynaptic structures, whereas extrasynaptic labeling was typically found in boutons. NSC‐1 immunoreactivity was abundant in pre‐ and postsynaptic structures, in which it was also colocalized with D2. With the present strategy (that has high resolution but relatively limited sensitivity), NSC‐1 was observed in about 10% of the D2‐immunopositive spines and in a lower proportion of D2‐immunopositive dendrites and boutons. The data demonstrate the localization of D2 in pre‐ and postsynaptic as well as extra‐ and perisynaptic structures of the primate prefrontal cortex. The data also show the coexistence of NCS‐1 and D2 at the ultrastructural level. The latter finding suggests a role for NCS‐1 in desensitization of D2 in the prefrontal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:464–475, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi-View Collaborative Network Embedding

Real-world networks often exist with multiple views, where each view describes one type of interaction among a common set of nodes. For example, on a video-sharing network, while two user nodes are linked, if they have common favorite videos in one view, then they can also be linked in another view if they share common subscribers. Unlike traditional single-view networks, multiple views maintain different semantics to complement each other. In this article, we propose Multi-view collAborative Network Embedding (MANE), a multi-view network embedding approach to learn low-dimensional representations. Similar to existing studies, MANE hinges on diversity and collaboration—while diversity enables views to maintain their individual semantics, collaboration enables views to work together. However, we also discover a novel form of second-order collaboration that has not been explored previously, and further unify it into our framework to attain superior node representations. Furthermore, as each view often has varying importance w.r. t. different nodes, we propose MANE, an attention-based extension of MANE, to model node-wise view importance. Finally, we conduct comprehensive experiments on three public, real-world multi-view networks, and the results demonstrate that our models consistently outperform state-of-the-art approaches.
Citizenship Behavior at the Team Level of Analysis: The Effects of Team Leadership, Team Commitment, Perceived Team Support, and Team Size

The authors investigated citizenship behavior at the team level of analysis by examining 71 change management teams, teams that are responsible for implementing organizational change. The authors collected data at an automotive-industry firm in the mid-Atlantic United States using a questionnaire methodology and an examination of company records. Team leader behavior, team commitment, and perceived team support all had large effects on team citizenship behavior, whereas team size had a small-to-negligible effect.
Mediating science and nature: Representing and consuming infant formula advertising in China

This article analyses the representation and consumption of infant formula advertising on Chinese television, following the food scare of 2008 when milk supplies were contaminated with the poisonous chemical melamine. Drawing on the concepts of encoding/decoding and ‘circuit of culture’, the article investigates how the Chinese dairy industry encodes the messages of food safety and quality in their advertisements, and how parents decode these messages as part of their daily risk management strategies. Combining a critical analysis of advertising imagery with focus group and interview evidence regarding its consumption, the article suggests that the dairy industry juxtaposed images of science and nature to mediate messages about the quality and safety of infant formula. The study’s evidence confirms that Chinese consumers decode these messages based on their previous experience and knowledge, exhibiting considerable ambivalence about the advertising of infant formula and reflecting significant anxiety about the product’s quality and safety.
Proteasome isoforms exhibit only quantitative differences in cleavage and epitope generation

Immunoproteasomes are considered to be optimised to process Ags and to alter the peptide repertoire by generating a qualitatively different set of MHC class I epitopes. Whether the immunoproteasome at the biochemical level, influence the quality rather than the quantity of the immuno‐genic peptide pool is still unclear. Here, we quantified the cleavage‐site usage by human standard‐ and immunoproteasomes, and proteasomes from immuno‐subunit‐deficient mice, as well as the peptides generated from model polypeptides. We show in this study that the different proteasome isoforms can exert significant quantitative differences in the cleavage‐site usage and MHC class I restricted epitope production. However, independent of the proteasome isoform and substrates studied, no evidence was obtained for the abolishment of the specific cleavage‐site usage, or for differences in the quality of the peptides generated. Thus, we conclude that the observed differences in MHC class I restricted Ag presentation between standard‐ and immunoproteasomes are due to quantitative differences in the proteasome‐generated antigenic peptides.
Controlling hydrogelation kinetics by peptide design for three-dimensional encapsulation and injectable delivery of cells

A peptide-based hydrogelation strategy has been developed that allows homogenous encapsulation and subsequent delivery of C3H10t1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Structure-based peptide design afforded MAX8, a 20-residue peptide that folds and self-assembles in response to DMEM resulting in mechanically rigid hydrogels. The folding and self-assembly kinetics of MAX8 have been tuned so that when hydrogelation is triggered in the presence of cells, the cells become homogeneously impregnated within the gel. A unique characteristic of these gel–cell constructs is that when an appropriate shear stress is applied, the hydrogel will shear-thin resulting in a low-viscosity gel. However, after the application of shear has stopped, the gel quickly resets and recovers its initial mechanical rigidity in a near quantitative fashion. This property allows gel/cell constructs to be delivered via syringe with precision to target sites. Homogenous cellular distribution and cell viability are unaffected by the shear thinning process and gel/cell constructs stay fixed at the point of introduction, suggesting that these gels may be useful for the delivery of cells to target biological sites in tissue regeneration efforts.
Interruption of the ferredoxin (flavodoxin) NADP+ oxidoreductase gene of Escherichia coli does not affect anaerobic growth but increases sensitivity to paraquat

Ferredoxin (flavodoxin) NADP+ oxidoreductase participates in methionine biosynthesis and in the function of two anaerobic enzymes, pyruvate formate-lyase and ribonucleotide reductase. We prepared insertion mutants of Escherichia coli lacking a functional enzyme. They do not require methionine and they grow well anaerobically, but they show increased sensitivity to paraquat.