Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a review

Resume Thc paper summarizes aspects of nutrition and growth in Clurias species. Of the many Clarias species cultured, Clarias gariepinus has been subject to particularly intensive rescarch; the species has been widely introduced for aquaculture outside its natural range. Clarias arc omnivorous fish. Their dietary protein reyuirements arc about 40%, thcir cnergy requirements range between 13 and 17 kJ.g-'. Controversy exists on their ability to utilize carbohydrates, despite the fact that their natural feed may contain high lcvcls of carbohydrates. Comparison of growth performances as recordcd in literature indicate that C. gariepinus seems to perform better in terms of growth rates and feed conversion than other species (C. isheriensis, C. batrachus, C. fuscus). Monosex culture (in C. gariepinus) or triploidy (in C. gariepinus and C. batruchus) do not seem to hold much future for improving growth and feed utilization, in contrast to hybridization. Selection for improved growth could have drawbacks, such as an increased level of agression. To achieve improved growth, selection for lower maintenance requirements or better glucose metabolization seems preferable over selection for high feed utilization efficiencies.
Parapatric speciation found in Limnonectes (Dicroglossidae) species in Thailand

Biodiversity stems from speciation, and species identification allows scientists to measure species biodiversity. However, some closely related species, particularly amphibians that choose to inhabit the same environment, are difficult to identify. Juvenile specimens of Limnonectes gyldenstolpei (Lg) and L. taylori (Lt) were used as models to study the speciation process in populations with a parapatric distribution. Samples of the two species were collected from six provinces in the north and northeast of Thailand. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) data of five loci showed 96 polymorphic bands and species-specific bands of the primers UBC811 (Lg) and UBC824 (Lt). There was limited genetic variation within the same population, 8% in Lg and 2% in Lt, whereas a high genetic variation was observed between populations from different provinces 90% and 97% in Lg and Lt, respectively. An unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) tree was constructed for each population using Jaccard’s similarity efficient. The tree demonstrated genetic differentiation between the two species. Principal coordinates analysis also supported the UPGMA diagram by showing no clear clusters with close genetic distances. The results of the molecular variance analysis within the population were high, indicating that they were genetically similar, and that microhabitat is an important factor influencing genetic distribution. Overall, the present study proves the hypothesis that the distribution of the two species is in a Parapatric form and that the ISSR technique is inappropriate tool to study the differentiation of a species complex.
Challenges Facing Urban Transportation in Tanzania

Transportation is a key to the economy and production; it makes mobility more accessible and enhances the social and economic interactions. On the other hand, the increase of urban population, pollution and other negative impacts directly compromise the existing transportation systems and endanger the future transportation systems in developing countries. This paper examines the challenges facing urban transportation in Tanzania cities and provides some suggestions to reduce the existing problem. This has been done by looking at the design and plan of the Tanzania cities, coordination of transportation systems and car dependency. Environmental and social impacts which include congestions, air pollution, traffic accidents and energy consumption have been described. Suggestions for addressing the challenges facing urban transportation in developed countries like Tanzania have been examined by adopting the holistic approach. Such approach has shown to be effective in solving the challenges facing urban transportation in the cities of developing countries such as improving public transport, provision of off-street parking, enforcement of traffic laws and regulations and restrict car use. Moreover, approaches to alleviate challenges facing urban transportation should be designed for specific cities and urban transport planners must understand that models and solutions used for cities in the developed countries may not be applicable to cities of developing countries Keywords: T ransport system, land use, rural-urban
Bird community composition and relative abundance in production and natural habitats of New Zealand

This work was funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (Contract Number AGRB0301) with additional assistance from the Certified Organic Kiwifruit Producers Association, Fonterra, Merino New Zealand Inc., a meat packing company, in-kind support from Te Rūnanga O Ngāi Tahu, and ZESPRI Innovation.
SIMULATION OF POTENTIAL REFRIGERANTS FOR RETROFIT REPLACEMENT

This paper shows two approaches of refrigerant comparison for retrofit replacement. One is the screening based on refrigerant thermo-physical properties and cycle performance analysis, another method is the full simulation. The impact of component sizes on the refrigerant temperatures and performance is included in the full simulation while it is ignored in the former analysis. The methods are exemplified by comparing some common refrigerants, including R32, R410A, R125, R1270, R22, R407C, R290, R134a, R600a and R600.
Single surgeon experience: intraoperative complications and conversion to open surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the fore and aft of 20 years' experience

Background: With the increasing experience of surgeons, there has been a decrease in the conversion rates from Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) to Open Cholecystectomy (OC). We aimed to investigate the experience of single surgeon in the decrease of conversion and complication rates related with gall bladder disease by examining data from the first and last 5 y of 20 y experiences. Material and Methods: The data of 848 patients with cholelithiasis who underwent LC by the same surgeon in the first and last 5 y of a 20 y period from 1996-2016 were evaluated and compared. The first 5 y (1996-2001) was named as period 1 (n=418) and the last 5 y (2011-2016) were named as period 2 (n=430). Demographic data and conversion reasons were recorded. Results: Period 1 consisted of 418 patients (380 females, 38 males) and period 2 comprised 430 patients (350 females, 80 males). The mean age was 45.2 y (20-84 y). Unclear obscure anatomy more prominently affected the conversion to OC in males in both periods (p=0.002 and p=0.043). Statistical significance was found in period 1 for male sex (p=0.019). The rate of males was detected higher in period 2 (p=0.001). Conversion to OC was 38 patients (9.1%) in period 1 and 20 patients (4.7%) in period 2. Conclusion: Surgical experience is associated with lower conversion rates from LC to OC. Also many male patients are being operated on experienced phase.
Quality Control and Verification of Weather Radar Wind Profiles

Weather radar wind profiles (WRWPs) have been retrieved from Doppler volume scans using different implementations of the velocity–azimuth display (VAD) and volume velocity processing (VVP) methods. An extensive quality control of the radial velocity data and the retrieved wind vectors has been applied. The quality and availability of the obtained wind profiles have been assessed by comparisons with collocated radiosonde observations and numerical weather prediction (NWP) data over a 9-month period. The comparisons reveal that the VVP methods perform better than the VAD methods, and that the simplest implementation of the VVP (VVP1) method performs the best of all. The availability fraction of VVP1 wind vectors is about 0.39 at ground level and drops below 0.16 at a 6-km altitude. The observation minus background statistics of the VVP1 wind profiles against the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) NWP model are at least as good as those of the radiosonde profiles. This result clearly demonstrates the high quality of (quality controlled) weather radar wind profiles.
How much can Conus swallow? observations on molluscivorous species

Feeding of three species of molluscivorous Conus, C. textile, C. bandanus and C. omaria, was studied in aquaria. Conus spp. are able to kill and remove from the shell prey larger than themselves. Also, Conus swallowed prey with weight up to half that of the predator. Estimates suggest that molluscivorous species of Conus are probably able to swallow prey with a shell volume reaching 85% of that of the predator, depending on the shape of the prey’s body. It is confirmed that the thinning of the inner shell walls in Conus is connected with the ability to swallow voluminous prey. Digestion of prey occurs in both the oesophagus and stomach.
Carcinosarcoma of the Gallbladder Arising in a Patient with Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder is a very uncommon malignancy. We present a case of gallbladder carcinosarcoma arising in a 38-year-old female patient with pancreaticobiliary maljunction where FNA documented recurrence of this very unusual tumor. Case: A 38-year old woman presented with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis due to gallstones (biliary pancreatitis) Further investigations, including abdominal ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), revealed an ill-defined mass in the gallbladder, in addition to pancreaticobiliary maljunction. At laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a mass was found within the gallbladder lumen itself. A biphasic malignant neoplasm was diagnosed in a free lying, polypoid mass within the gallbladder lumen. This carcinosarcoma was considered to have been locally confined to the gallbladder, equivalent to a stage T1a, and further surgery was not undertaken. The patient re-presented under a year later with dyspnoea; and a large subdiaphragmatic mass was noted that underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. The cytomorphologic findings showed a tumor comprising malignant glandular structures and pleomorphic stromal cells in a metachromatic background, compatible with the previous diagnosis of carcinosarcoma. Conclusion: Carcinosarcomas are uncommon malignancies and can arise in almost any site where carcinomas arise. Careful attention to morphology will allow the biphasic nature of this lesion to be determined but ancillary investigations may be required. Carcinosarcoma is a biphasic malignant neoplasm with both malignant epithelial (carcinomatous) and stromal (sarcomatous) elements. Carcinosarcoma occurring in the gallbladder is a rare malignancy of which there have been fewer than seventy reports in the worldwide literature to date, with thirty two of these in the English literature [1-14]. We present a case of gallbladder carcinosarcoma in a young patient with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, treated with cholecystectomy, with subsequent local recurrence diagnosed on image-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA). There appears to be only one other reported case of FNA of a carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder in which an initial diagnosis of a high-grade spindle cell sarcoma was made cytologically.
GROSS SUBSTITUTES CONDITION AND DISCRETE CONCAVITY FOR MULTI-UNIT VALUATIONS: A SURVEY

Efficient allocation of indivisible goods is an important problem in mathematical economics and operations research, where the concept of Walrasian equilibrium plays a fundamental role. As a sufficient condition for the existence of a Walrasian equilibrium, the concept of gross substitutes condition for valuation functions is introduced by Kelso and Crawford (1982). Since then, several variants of gross substitutes condition as well as a discrete concavity concept, called M ♮ -concavity, have been introduced to show the existence of an equilibrium in various models. In this paper, we survey the relationship among Kelso and Crawford's gross substitutes condition and its variants, and discuss the connection with M ♮ -concavity. We also review various characterizations and properties of these concepts.
High-Added Value Materials Production from OMW: A Technical and Economical Optimization

The extraction of olive oil generates huge quantities of solids and of high organic wastewaters with toxic constituents that have a great impact on land and water environments. Based on a membrane process, authors proposed an alternative method for treatment of olive mill wastewaters (OMWs). In the present paper, a technoeconomic analysis for the implementation of the proposed method in the entire Region of Western Greece (RWG) is presented. This paper takes into account fixed and operational costs, costs for the infrastructure, equipment, land, maintenance, and so forth, considering the treatment of 50,000 tons per harvesting period in the area of RWG. The study showed that the establishment of only one central treatment manufacture could reduce the uncontrolled disposal of OMW. Exploitation of the isolated fractions as manure in fertilizers (nutrients components) or as components in ecological herbicides (phenolics) can depreciate the total cost in a period of about five years.
Assessment For Children’s Values: Picture-Based Value Survey for Children Adaptation Study

The aim of the current study is to adapt the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C) to Turkish in order to determine the values of elementary school level children. The participants were students from three different schools, age group of 7-12 (573 students: 270 (47%) male and 303 (53%) female). The Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C) was used to measure children’s values. Multi-dimensional Scaling analyses (MDS) was used to create the model. The data analysis showed that the scale being developed based on Schwartz’s theoretical model featured different dimensions for some of the values; e.g. different results were obtained for the “universalizm” dimension. Children make moral judgements from the very early periods of their lives, so their values begin to develop at quite early ages
Decades of Practical Experience and Network Theory

Funded “Networking” has steadily gained importance among European Union (EU) rural policies instrumentation: Since 1991, with LEADER the formation of regional public-private partnerships and EU-wide information exchange has been supported. Later also inter-territorial cooperation was funded. Additionally, National Rural Networks interlinked at the European level and associating the implementation of rural interventions have recently been established. Networking activities are acknowledged as drivers for rural development. While it is true that good practices are assiduously collected, the deficit in systematically scrutinizing networking activ-ities and their underlying causal patterns is only filled by the present research. Applying network theory, the concept of social capital and transaction-costs considerations, this paper strives to investigate the relevance of financial support for networking, and whether the potential that networking theoretically offers could be exploited more sufficiently. In addition to its unique approach, the empiri-cal data underlying this research presents a novelty, as the various stakeholders surveyed across the EU in the period 2008-2010 in-clude potential LAGs and the newly established rural networks. Reviewing the literature and survey results, determinants for using the potential of networking interventions are identified, and the effects of different types of networking are discussed against finan-cial, technical and social inputs. The results reveal significant contributions that sociology can make to public policies, and can allow conclusions about designing external support to networking. The findings highlight that: 1) funding networking can be meaningful; 2) strongly funded networks tend to fail to create added value; 3) networking needs endogenously grown objectives; and 4) support-ing networking between regions technically is preferable to funding inter-regional partnerships.
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poeppig & Endlicher) H. Robinson): a new crop in the Central Europe

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poeppig Endlicher) H. Robinson, Asteraceae) is a tuber plant originated in Andes. In contrast to other root crops, which store the carbohydrates in the form of starch, yacon cumulates the carbohyd- rates in the form of fructooligosaccharides. They are not metabolized in the digestive tract and thus the consump - tion of yacon does not increase the level of glucose in the blood. This is one of the reasons why yacon is considered to be nourishment with a high potential for diabetics and overweight and obese people. As yacon leaves contain up to 25% of proteins in dry mass, it can be also used as forage. In the years 2001-2005, the meteorological conditions in the Czech Republic and their influence on biomass production (yield of root tubers, rhizomes and aboveground parts) were studied on yacon landraces originated in Bolivia, Ecuador, Germany and New Zealand. Yields of root tubers reached up to 35 t/ha, rhizomes up to 33 t/ha, and aboveground parts up to 54 t/ha. In terms of root tubers formation, the landrace with the highest yield (29.18 t/ha) was the one coming from New Zealand; in terms of ove- rall biomass production, the landrace with the highest yield (92 t/ha) originated in Bolivia. The crucial factor for the root tubers yields is the precipitation; the length of vegetation period and the temperature are secondary.
Social Polarisation and Socioeconomic Segregation in a Welfare State: The Case of Oslo

This paper looks at the competing theses of polarising convergence and policy-related divergence in the study of socioeconomic segregation. Using data from Oslo, Norway, it is shown that the level of segregation has remained fairly stable, or has even declined, in spite of increasing income inequality. This spatial stabilisation is causally related to a more flexible design in city planning and policy. It is, however, not a development in accordance with the welfare state approach proposed by Chris Hamnett and some other scholars. Rather, we observe a 'perverse' effect where social democracy has been helped by opposition policies. In consequence, the paper suggests the use of models of action and the identification of 'closed' and 'open' processes of change.
Entrepreneurship Education and Pupils' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as an engine of economic and social development. Initiating policies to increase peoples' propensity to become entrepreneurs is a key challenge for policymakers, and entrepreneurship education is considered important to create a culture for entrepreneurship. Over the past decades there has been a significant increase in the use of entrepreneurship education in schools, university colleges and universities in Europe. This chapter will focus on entrepreneurship education in upper secondary education and training. The main aim is to assess whether a European entrepreneurship programme promotes positive attitudes towards entrepreneurs among pupils. An investigation of pupils' attitudes towards entrepreneurs is important because these attitudes may also reflect how desirable they find the prospect of becoming an entrepreneur themselves as a future career choice (Kolvereid, 1996; Guerrero et al., 2008). It is also argued that the roots of an entrepreneurial career can be attributed to early phases of a person’s socialization, and that there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurial intentions at a young stage in life and entrepreneurial activity later on (Krueger et al., 2000; Aldrich, 2006).
Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Trait Performance under Flooded and Non-flooded Conditions in Rice with SUB1 QTL

Farmers in South-east Asia are adopting rice crop establishment methods from transplanting to direct wet or dry seeding as it requires less labour and time and comparatively less energy than transplanting. In contrast to irrigated condition, in rainfed lowland, direct seeding is a common practice. Early flooding controls weeds but decreases seedling establishment in direct seeded rice. Anaerobic germination is an important trait to counteract damages caused by early flooding. Management options which can help in crop establishment and improve crop growth under flooding could remove the constraints related to direct seeding. The investigation was carried out with two near isogenic lines Swarna and Swarna- Sub1. Swarna-Sub1 is tolerant to submergence whereas Swarna is susceptible. Seed priming was done with water and 2% Jamun (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract. Seed priming improved seedling establishment under flooding. Acceleration of growth occurred due to seed pretreatment, which resulted longer seedling and greater accumulation of biomass. Seed priming greatly hastened the activities of total amylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in variety Swarna-Sub1 than Swarna. Swarna-Sub1 outperformed Swarna when the plants were cultivated under flooding. Weed biomass decreased significantly under flooding compared to non-flooding condition. Priming had positive effects on yield and yield attributing parameters both under non-flooding and early flooding conditions.
Extinction Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame by Very Small Water Droplets Injected into the Air Stream

Abstract : Computations are performed to examine the effectiveness of mono-disperse water droplets in extinguishing a co-flow, propane diffusion flame by injecting the droplets into the air stream. The calculations show that the droplets entrained into the reaction kernel at the flame base are crucial for extinction. The reaction kernel detaches from the burner rim and blows-off when the droplet concentration is increased to a critical value (extinction concentration). At the critical value, the maximum chain-branching reaction (H2+O=OH+H) rate in the reaction kernel was found to be reduced by a factor of 5 in our computations. A large decrease in the reaction rate indicates that the maximum heat generations rate and Damkholer number are too low to sustain the flame, and cause the flame blow-off. Large drops are more effective than small drops, and the extinction concentration of water increases from 10.5% to 15% by mass as the size is reduced from 32 to 4 micro m. As the droplet size is increased further (>32 micro m), the trend will reverse as the evaporation rates get too small despite increased penetration of flame core by the drops.
Performance of Optimization Algorithms Applied to Large Nonlinear Constrained Problems

A new optimization algorithm is developed in this work based on the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) of (Svanberg, 1987; Svanberg, 2002). The new algorithm is optimized via a new internal iterative strategy, and it is then analyzed via a parametric study for the best possible performances. It serves as an important numerical tool (in C++ language with external Linear Algebra Libraries) for solving inequality-constrained nonlinear programming problems of large number of variables. The new numerical tool is applied to two well-known academic problems which are both nonlinear constrained minimization large scale problems. The convergence time is reduced by a factor up to 28 after comparing the numerical results with previous ones from literature (Svanberg, 2002; GomesRuggiero et al., 2008; Gomes-Ruggiero et al., 2010; Gomes-Ruggiero et al., 2011). The algorithm is an efficient and robust scientific computation tool that can be used in many applied complex engineering optimization problems. Moreover, it can be easily coupled (single class of IO (Input Output) arguments) to many already existing external commercial and free multiphysics solvers such as Finite Elements, Finite Volumes, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Solid mechanics solvers, etc.