Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of naked oats and enzyme supplementation on egg yolk fatty acid composition and performance of hens

The experiment was conducted on 192 Hy-Line hens at the age of 25 weeks, divided into 3 groups, 64 hens per group. The birds were kept in individual cages. Three diets were prepared: diet 1 contained 450 g/kg maize, diets 2 and 3,450 g/kg naked oats, with (diet 3) or without (diet 2) 1 g/kg of an enzymatic preparation with B-glucanase activity. Performance was recorded for 14 weeks, in the 5th week 20 eggs were collected from each group and the fatty acid composition of yolk lipids was analysed. The laying rate in the group fed the maize diet was 93%, in both groups fed naked oat diets, 92%, feed consumption did not differ among groups. The level of fatty acids and their ratio in egg yolks depended on the type of grain used. Yolks in groups fed diets with naked oats had more PUFA and a higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than yolks in the group fed the maize diet. The supplementation of the naked oat diet with B-glucanase had no influence on performance or on the fatty acid profile in egg yolks.
Small distances, great differences: a case study involving the biomass of reef seaweeds and fishes on the coast of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil

Shallow reefs on the coast of Paraíba state are poorly known. An analysis at three stations (Prot = protected; SP = semi-protected; Exp = exposed) with different gradients of wave exposure revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences related to the biomass of seaweed (Prot = SP ≠ Exp). Station Exp with 9.97g (23%) presented the lowest value followed by SP with 10.93 (25%) and Prot with 22.55g (52%). The values suggest that the biomass of seaweeds is inversely related to the gradative higher exposure to waves. Additionally, a first record of Wrangelia argus (Montagne) Montagne was made for the coast of Paraíba.
Nest architecture of the stingless bee Geotrigona subterranea (Friese,1901) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

We located ten nests of Geotrigona subterranea in the transition area between Cerrado and Caatinga within the municipalities of Lontra and Januaria, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. We collected the nests to study their architecture in detail. In the present paper, we describe the general nest structure of this bee species in terms of: number, shape and area of the combs; size of the brood cells; size of honey and pollen pots; volume of honey and mass of pollen stored in closed pots; presence of inquiline species; and defensive characteristics. All nests were found in subterranean cavities. The nest structure of G. subterranea is similar to that of other congeneric species.
495 Assimilation of MIPAS limb radiances in the ECMWF system . Part I : Experiments with a 1-dimensional observation operator

Emitted infrared limb radiances from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) are for the first time assimilated directly in a global Numerical Weather Prediction system, using a fast radiative transfer model that assumes local horizontal homogeneity. The study reports on the monitoring of the observed MIPAS radiances against model equivalents, and the subsequent assimilation experiments within a 4-dimensional variational data assimilation system. The impact of the limb radiance assimilation on the resulting analyses and forecasts is assessed by considering the fit to other observations assimilated in the system and by comparing the resulting analyses with independent data. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct assimilation of emitted infrared limb radiances and highlight how information on stratospheric temperature, humidity, and ozone can be extracted from the radiances directly within the assimilation system. The assimilation of MIPAS radiances leads to considerable differences in the mean stratospheric analyses, without a significant degradation of the fit to other observations used in the assimilation. The assimilation of MIPAS limb radiances appears to correct temperature biases with an oscillatory structure above 10 hPa in the analyses, and the assimilation leads to a considerable moistening of the stratosphere, typically by 20-40 %. For ozone, the assimilation causes an increase in the tropical ozone maximum in the analysis, and a reduction of ozone over the poles. The changes to the humidity and ozone fields are retained in the subsequent 10-day forecast. The changes introduced in the analyses are overall supported qualitatively and quantitatively by independent retrievals of temperature and humidity, whereas results for ozone are more mixed. Analyses with MIPAS radiances agree better with independent ozone sondes or retrievals over the North Polar region, whereas over the tropics the changes to the mean ozone analyses are not supported by other observations. The limb radiance assimilation shows considerable sensitivity to the bias correction applied to the limb radiances prior to the assimilation, suggesting that the assimilation would benefit from refinements in the bias correction method.
In Vitro Insulinotropic Actions of Various Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Leaves

This study investigated the in vitro insulin-releasing and cytotoxic effects of various extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves. Pulverized Moringa oleifera leaves were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane, acetone, ethylacetate and water. Clonal pancreatic beta cells, BRIN-BD11, were grown in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air in RPMI-1640. Insulin and LDH assays were carried out using Krebs Ringers Bicarbonate buffer. Insulin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay and LDH release was assessed using a commercially available non-radioactive assay kit (Promega, UK). Aqueous extraction produced the best yield (361 mg/20kg powder). Acute incubation of BRIN-BD11 cells with different extracts of M. Oleifera produced a concentration-dependent stimulation of insulin-release at concentrations ≥10 μg/ml. The aqueous extract produced the best insulinotropic effect, with a maximum stimulation of 347% (P<0.001) of basal rate at 100μg/ml and the lowest stimulating concentration of 0.1 μg/ml. Dichloromethane and acetone extracts produced similar stimulatory effects (130% of basal rate, 100μg/ml, P<0.01). Insulin-releasing effects of the four extract were not associated with beta cell cytotoxicity. These results showed that extracts of M. oleifera possess insulinotropic effects and encourage further studies to uncover the physiological mechanism involved.
Sufficient conditions for existence of solutions to vectorial differential inclusions and applications

In this paper we discuss the existence of solutions to vectorial differential inclusions, refining a result proved in Dacorogna and Marcellini [8]. We investigate sufficient conditions for existence, more flexible than those available in the literature, so that important applications can be fitted in the theory. We also study some of these applications.
Title Quantification system for the viral dynamics of a highly pathogenic simian / human immunodeficiency virus based on an in vitro experiment and a mathematical model

Background: Developing a quantitative understanding of viral kinetics is useful for determining the pathogenesis and transmissibility of the virus, predicting the course of disease, and evaluating the effects of antiviral therapy. The availability of data in clinical, animal, and cell culture studies, however, has been quite limited. Many studies of virus infection kinetics have been based solely on measures of total or infectious virus count. Here, we introduce a new mathematical model which tracks both infectious and total viral load, as well as the fraction of infected and uninfected cells within a cell culture, and apply it to analyze time-course data of an SHIV infection in vitro. Results: We infected HSC-F cells with SHIV-KS661 and measured the concentration of Nef-negative (target) and Nef-positive (infected) HSC-F cells, the total viral load, and the infectious viral load daily for nine days. The experiments were repeated at four different MOIs, and the model was fitted to the full dataset simultaneously. Our analysis allowed us to extract an infected cell half-life of 14.1 h, a half-life of SHIV-KS661 infectiousness of 17.9 h, a virus burst size of 22.1 thousand RNA copies or 0.19 TCID50, and a basic reproductive number of 62.8. Furthermore, we calculated that SHIV-KS661 virus-infected cells produce at least 1 infectious virion for every 350 virions produced. Conclusions: Our method, combining in vitro experiments and a mathematical model, provides detailed quantitative insights into the kinetics of the SHIV infection which could be used to significantly improve the understanding of SHIV and HIV-1 pathogenesis. The method could also be applied to other viral infections and used to improve the in vitro determination of the effect and efficacy of antiviral compounds.
Common Methodological Misunderstandings in PLS and Related Methods

PLS and related methods are currently enjoying widespread popularity in part due to the availability of easy to use computer programs that require very little technical knowledge. Most of these methods focus on examining a fit function with respect to a set of free or constrained parameters for a given collection of data under certain assumptions. Although much has been written about the assumptions underpinning these methods, many misconceptions are prevalent among users and sometimes even appear in premier scholarly journals. In this chapter, we discuss a variety of methodological misunderstandings that warrant careful consideration before indiscriminately applying these methods.
ntercontinental island hopping : Colonization and speciation of the rasshopper genus Phaulacridium ( Orthoptera : Acrididae ) in ustralasia

Due to their distance from the pole and extent of surrounding oceans, southern hemisphere lands were not subjected to such severe climatic conditions in the Pleistocene as those in the northern hemisphere. Pleistocene climate cycling did however result in extensive shifts in habitat zones due to fluctuation of rainfall and temperature. Warm and wet conditions during interglacials supported southward extension of forests, whereas cooler and drier environments during glacial maxima increased the extent of dry grassland and scrub conditions. Such fluctuations are likely to have influenced the spatial distribution and evolution of the fauna of Australasia. Using data from four genes (two mitochondrial and two nuclear) the genetic structure of the trans-Tasman grasshopper genus Phaulacridium was used to infer phylogeographic patterns. The widespread New Zealand species Phaulacridium marginale shows a phylogeographic pattern typical of recent range expansion, with low genetic diversity within the species. In stark contrast, the other
Methane fluxes from three peatlands in the La Grande Rivière watershed, James Bay lowland, Canada

[1] Methane fluxes were measured on vegetated surfaces (2003) and pools (2004) of three peatlands (LG1-LG2-LG3) located 30, 100, and 200 km along a transect from the James Bay coast, in the La Grande Riviere watershed, James Bay lowland, Quebec, Canada. Fluxes were measured with static chambers at sites chosen to represent the biotypes characteristic of each peatland, from hummocks with a water table 35 cm below the surface to pools 100 cm deep. Average CH4 fluxes for the biotypes on vegetated surfaces sampled during summer 2003 ranged from 3.5 to 197 mg m−2 d−1, while summer 2004 average floating chamber pool fluxes ranged between 6.2 and 3165 mg CH4 m−2 d−1. Seasonal average daily CH4 fluxes on vegetated surface were strongly correlated with average water table depth, greater fluxes occurring where the water table was close to the surface, and with vegetation cover, particularly the aboveground biomass of sedges. Within the summer, increasing CH4 fluxes from vegetated surfaces were correlated with rising peat temperature. Pool fluxes from the LG1 and LG2 peatlands decreased with increasing pool depth, but not at LG3. Estimated growing season CH4 emissions for the three peatlands were of 44 ± 21 (standard error), 21 ± 9.4 and 52 ± 17 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 for the LG1, LG2, and LG3 peatlands, respectively. Estimated annual release of CH4 is 3.8 g m−2 with the winter contributing to 13% of the overall emission, based on winter-time measurements at LG2.
Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China: Synthesis of observational data

[1] Anthropogenic nitrous pollutant emissions in China significantly increased during the last decades, which contributed to the accelerated nitrogen ( N) deposition. In order to characterize spatial pattern of nitrogen deposition, we employed the kriging technique to interpolate sampling data of precipitation chemistry and ambient air concentration from site-network observations over China. The estimation of wet deposition in China was limited to aqueous NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+), while ambient NO(2) was the only species involved in the predicted dry deposition fluxes. To obtain wet deposition fluxes, precipitation concentration was multiplied by 20-year mean precipitation amounts with a resolution of 10 x 10 km. Dry deposition fluxes were products of the interpolated ambient NO(2) concentration and deposition velocities modeled for the main vegetation types in China. The total deposition rates of wet and dry deposition peaked over the central south China, with maximum values of 63.53 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), and an average value of 12.89 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). With ambient NO(2) concentration data spanning from the year 1990 through 2003, we detected and evaluated trends in the time series of the annual values of atmospheric NO(2) concentration. Significant upward trends at 21 of 102 sites were exhibited, with median percent change of 61.45% over the period 1990-2003. In addition, spatially continuous patterns of dry deposition fluxes based on ambient NO(2) measurements in two 5-year phases, 9 years apart, were carried out. On average, there was a rise of 7.66% in NO(2) dry deposition during 9 years throughout China.
Influence of stochastic physics on the frequency of occurrence of North Pacific weather regimes in the ECMWF model

One common problem of many atmospheric circulation models is that the strength of the mean westerly winds is overestimated in the mid-latitude North Pacific. This westerly wind bias is also a prominent feature in a recent version of the ECMWF model. Here we use the ECMWF model in order to investigate whether the use of stochastic physics helps reducing this error using the concept of weather regimes. The focus is on the winter season when the atmospheric regime structure is most pronounced. It is shown that the operational version of the ECMWF stochastic physics has little impact on the frequency of occurrence of North Pacific weather regimes. A recently developed scheme, however, which is based on combining a cellular automaton with a stochastic backscatter component, leads to substantial improvements in the simulation of the frequency of occurrence of North Pacific weather regimes.
Relationship among Sleep Quality , Heart Rate Variability , Fatigue , Depression , and Anxiety in Adults

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among sleep quality, heart rate variability (HRV), fatigue, depression, and anxiety reported by Korean adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 208 adults aged 20~60 years was conducted using a short-term HRV analysis and self-reported questionnaires of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: Subjects with good sleep quality (PSQI score≤5) had higher HRV total power (t=2.03, p=.043) and high-frequency (t=2.04, p=.043) with lower fatigue (t=-4.08, p<.001), depressive mood (t=-3.66, p<.001), and trait anxiety (t=-3.84, p<.001) than subjects with poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was negatively correlated with HRV total power (r=-.17, p=.016), high-frequency (r=-.14, p=.049), and positively fatigue (r=.39, p<.001), depression (r=.44, p<.001), state anxiety (r=.23, p=.001) and trait anxiety (r=.34, p<.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that sleep quality is correlated with HRV which reflects the activities of the autonomic nerve system, fatigue, depression, and anxiety in adults.
Assessment of Biochemical Compositions and Mineral Contents of Carapace of Some Important Commercially Crustaceans and Mollusks Organisms from Egyptian and Saudi Arabia Coasts as a New Animal Feed

Carapace of commercial crustaceans species (mantis shrimps ; Erugosquilla. massavensis, the penaeid shrimps ; Peaneus. semisulcatus ; Metapenaeus monoceros and blue crab; Portunus pelagicus ) and commercial mollusks (cuttlefish ; Sepia and bivalve mollusks; Cardium edule) were chosen for this study to assess carbohydrates, protein, lipids and to estimate their Fe, Cu, Co, Hg, Pb and Cd contents, as an attempt to use the carapace of marine invertebrates organisms as a cheap protein animal feed. Additionally, to investigate the interrelation between the exoskeleton of these marine animals and water pollution. In the terms of nutritive quality, the present results show that the carapace of both sex of E. massavensis was the richest nutritive source compared to that of all studied samples. Furthermore, the recorded data indicate that the exoskeleton of all studied crustaceans organisms and the internal shell of cephalopod mollusks had higher nutritive contents than the exoskeleton of bivalve mollusks. Concerning with heavy metal bioaccumulation, the present study show that the carapace in both sexes of E. massavensis accumulated higher percentages of the determined metals than those of other studied crustaceans species. On the other hand, Sepia spp. exhibited the lowest levels of the studied metals comparable to crustaceans and C. edule species. While, all species of C. edule accumulated the higher concentrations of Fe, Co, Pb and Cd in their shells than those in all studied crustaceans species. In this respect, the values of Metal Pollution Index (MPI) of studied essential elements in all studied species were higher than that of non- essential elements. Moreover, the highest values of essential and non-essential elements were recorded in all E. massavensis and C. edule samples respectively. While, the lowest level was detected in Sepia spp. followed by crab species. This primary work is an attempt to pursue further research in this line and will also be useful in the preparation of value added sea foods; the findings of the current study may help to select the appropriate species for animal feed. Moreover, the present study suggests that the exoskeleton of crustaceans and bivalves mollusks can be used as indicator of water pollution and this suggest their tendency to detoxification mechanism of heavy metals as a mean of protection. This in turn suggests that a close monitoring program is need to ensure the safety of these crustacean and mollusks species as a food source for animals.
Dispersion and abundance of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in a Norwegian fjord system

Based on numerical results of currents from a high resolution fjord model, dispersion of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in the Hardangerfjord has been modelled. The results show that salmon lice abundance in the fjord have large spatial and temporal variations. Still, enlarged densities of salmon lice occur in certain areas, especially along shores, in bays and in narrows. If there exist a critical dose of salmon lice copepodid density necessary to infect the salmonid fish, the model results of salmon lice dispersion can be used to design a management strategy for salmon aquaculture.
A Survey on Data Security in Cloud Computing using Cryptography

Cloud computing is the latest technology through which people can share resources, services and information among the people through use of internet. Since we share the data through the internet, security is considered as a major issue. In Cloud computing several security issues arises like confidentiality, integrity and authentication. Most of the time the data passed via internet might contain confidential or personal information which many people would want to be protected against attacks. Various data encryption algorithms has been developed to make sure that the data transmitted via internet is secure from any sort of hacking or attacks. Several cryptographic algorithms also have been developed for encryption and with each one having some advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a detailed study of symmetric and asymmetric encryption/decryption algorithms and its advantages and disadvantages.
Elemental Analysis of Soils as Possible Resuspended Dust Sources in Mexico City

Soil samples were collected from seven sites in and around the Metropolitan Area of MexicoCity. The locations were chosen as possible sources of fugitive dusts which contribute to suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere of Mexico City. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine the concentrations of several major elements (Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe), as well as of other trace elements that might be useful to identify the source of the airborne particles (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, and Zr), while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was employed to identify the most important mineral phases present in the samples. It was found that the concentrations of some elements and the presence of minerals (like albite, quartz, and calcite) show a certain similarity to those determined by other authors in samples of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) from this urban area. Also, a comparison is made with ratios of published elemental compositions of fugitive dust profiles for inhalable particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). The ratio Mn/Fe obtained in this work is very similar to all other studies, suggesting a crustal origin, while the ratios Cr/Fe and Ni/Fe in the other studies may be affected by anthropogenic sources.
Two types of all-optical magnetization switching mechanisms using femtosecond laser pulses

Using a time-dependent electrical investigation of the all-optical switching in ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic Hall crosses via the anomalous Hall effect, intriguing insights into the rich physics underlying the all-optical switching are provided. We demonstrate that two different all-optical magnetization switching mechanisms can be distinguished; a " single pulse " switching for ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys, and a " two regimes " switching process for both ferrimagnetic TbCo alloys and ferromagnetic Pt/Co multilayers. We show that the latter takes place at two different time scales, and consists of a steplike helicity-independent multiple-domain formation within the first 1 ms followed by a helicity-dependent remagnetization on several tens of milliseconds.
Size and Development of the Shadow Economy in Germany and Austria: Some preliminary findings

The size and development of the shadow economy of Germany and Austria is estimated, us-ing various estimation procedures. An increased burden of taxation and social security pay-ments, combined with intensive labor market regulation, quality of state institutions and the tax morale are the driving forces for the shadow economy. Moreover, the results of recent surveys for Germany and Austria demonstrate, that the readiness to undertake illicit employ-ment as well as its acceptance are high in both countries. Finally, conclusions are made about the effect of the shadow economy on the official one and incentive oriented policy means are presented, so that the ? black? value added can be transformed into official value added.