Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anniversary of Birth Trauma: Failure to Rescue

Background: The reported prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to birth trauma ranges from 1.5% to 5.6%. Serious ramifications of birth trauma are beginning to be recognized, such as impaired mother-infant interaction. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the essence of mothers' experiences regarding the anniversary of their birth trauma. Methods: Colaizzi's method of phenomenology was used to guide the study. Participants were recruited via the Internet through a charitable trust located in New Zealand called Trauma and Birth Stress. Thirty-seven women sent attachment stories describing their experiences of the anniversary of their traumatic childbirths. Results: Four themes revealed the essence of women's experiences of the anniversary of their birth trauma: (a) The prologue: An agonizing time; (b) The actual day: A celebration of a birthday or the torment of an anniversary; (c) The epilogue: A fragile state; and (d) Subsequent anniversaries: For better or worse. Discussion: Based on the findings of this study on the anniversary of traumatic childbirths, the time seems right to broaden the use of the term failure to rescue to these childbearing women. Not only clinicians but also family and friends failed to rescue mothers during the period surrounding the anniversary of their birth trauma.
Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms: Two Models of Strategic Momentum

Two very different models of product innovation are postulated and tested. The conservative model assumes that innovation is performed reluctantly, mainly in response to serious challenges. It therefore predicts that innovation will correlate positively with environmental, information processing, structural and decision making variables that represent, or help to recognize and cope with these challenges. In contrast, the entrepreneurial model supposes that innovation is always aggressively pursued and will be very high unless decision makers are warned to slow down. Thus negative correlations are predicted between innovation and the variables that can provide such warning. Correlational and curvilinear regression analyses revealed that each model was supported by conservative and entrepreneurial sub‐samples, respectively, in a diverse sample of 52 Canadian firms.
Robust Specification Testing in Regression: The FRESET Test and Autocorrelated Disturbances

This study investigates the degree of size-distortion of the RESET, FRESETL and FRESETS tests, and their ability to reject falsely specified models in terms of an omitted variable, in the presence of autocorrelation. Specifically, in the presence of AR(1) and MA(1) processes, respectively. We also explore the properties of the corresponding tests when the robust error covariance matrix estimator of Newey and West (1987) is used in the construction of the tests. Our results indicated that the FRESET tests performed equally as well as, and in many cases yield higher "power" than the comparable RESET test. The dominance of the FRESET tests was even more pronounced when a Newey-West correction for autocorrelation was used as evidenced by higher rejection rates.
Detection and in-cell selectivity profiling of the full-length West Nile virus NS2B/NS3 serine protease using membrane-anchored fluorescent substrates

Abstract Flaviviral NS2B/NS3 heterocomplex serine proteases are a primary target for anti-flavivirus drug discovery. To gain insights into the enzymatic properties and molecular determinants of flaviviral NS2B/NS3 protease substrate specificity in host cells, we developed and applied a novel series of membrane-anchored red-shifted fluorescent protein substrates to detect West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B/NS3 endoproteolytic activity in human cells. The substrate consists of a fluorescent reporter group (DsRed) tethered to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by a membrane-anchoring domain. Between the two domains is a specific peptide linker that corresponds to the NS2A/NS2B, NS2B/NS3, NS3/NS4A, and NS4B/NS5 protein junctions within the WNV polyprotein precursor. When the protease cleaves the peptide linker, the DsRed reporter group is released, changing its localization in the cell from membrane-bound punctate perinuclear to diffuse cytoplasmic. This change in protein location can be monitored by fluorescent microscopy, and cleavage products can be quantified by Western blotting. Our data demonstrate the robustness of our trans-cleavage fluorescence assay to capture single-cell imaging of membrane-associated WNV NS2B/NS3 endoproteolytic activity and to perform in-cell selectivity profiling of the NS2B/NS3 protease. Our study is the first to provide cellular insights into the biological and enzymatic properties of a prime target for inhibitors of WNV replication.
Food Culture Distance as a Predictor of Foreign Market Selection: The Case of Swedish Food Exporters

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of dissimilarity in food culture, “food culture distance,” as a predictor of foreign market selection by food exporters. The sample for this study consisted of 96 export ventures by Swedish food companies in 27 international markets. A composite index of the construct food culture distance was calculated and used as a predictor of foreign market attractiveness for food exporters. The findings indicate that food culture distance does positively impact the attractiveness of a foreign market for food exporters, implying that the greater the perceived distance in terms of food culture, the more attractive is the market for food exporters to enter.
Impact of Gender on Difficulties Faced by Entrepreneurs

During the last decade, women have been recognized as successful entrepreneurs, and the constantly rising number of women-owned businesses all over the world has led to an increasing number of studies on the differences between male and female entrepreneurs and their businesses. Women's entrepreneurship is characterized by structural constraints such as family responsibility and a relative lack of relevant resources such as social capital. Following the resource-based perspective, this study investigates whether women entrepreneurs face different difficulties from their male counterparts and are indeed disadvantaged as to resources such as management experience, business and technical skills, raising capital, etc. The results of the study show that women's ventures are smaller, service-oriented and ‘cheaper’ to finance. Compared with their male counterparts, women entrepreneurs perceive their lack of management experience and business skills as a major constraint.
Volunteering and employability : the roles and experiences of volunteer-involving organisations and employers in Scotland

Volunteering is viewed as having a role to play in meeting policy objectives of Government at a local, Scottish, UK and EU level. One of those roles is in preparing people for paid employment. Some research has suggested that volunteering enhances employability, and this has become something of a universal truth. However, the majority of research on volunteering and employability is based upon the experience of the individual who has been volunteering. The perspective of other players in the labour market has typically not been taken into consideration. This research aims to fill this gap in knowledge by considering the roles played in employability by the employer, and by labour market intermediaries, specifically volunteer-involving organisations. Drawing on existing models of employability which demonstrate the importance of the labour market context, this qualitative research aims to better understand experiences of volunteering and employability that go beyond the individual volunteer. Taking a critical realist approach, the research is based upon in-depth interviews, and, in the case of employers, a pre-interview online survey. The data was analysed thematically to draw out themes within and across participating organisations. The research has found that volunteer-involving organisations are providing a key specialist role in employability provision, offering coaching and support to volunteers. Funding available for employability has allowed these organisations to become more financially sustainable, but there are tensions relating to the impact on volunteering, and balancing the needs of organisations with the demands of Government programmes and the needs of volunteers. From a labour market viewpoint, while third sector employers actively seek volunteering experience, public and private sector employers demonstrate an ambivalence towards volunteering; suggesting that while it can provide experience for those outwith the labour market, it does not form a part of the recruitment process, except where applicants are able to demonstrate its relevance
Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism

Abstract Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits, and repetitive behavior. Studies investigating the integrity of brain systems in autism suggest a wide range of gray and white matter abnormalities that are present early in life and change with development. These abnormalities predominantly affect association areas and undermine functional integration. Executive function, which has a protracted development into adolescence and reflects the integration of complex widely distributed brain function, is also affected in autism. Evidence from studies probing response inhibition and working memory indicate impairments in these core components of executive function, as well as compensatory mechanisms that permit normative function in autism. Studies also demonstrate age-related improvements in executive function from childhood to adolescence in autism, indicating the presence of plasticity and suggesting a prolonged window for effective treatment. Despite developmental gains, mature executive functioning is limited in autism, reflecting abnormalities in wide-spread brain networks that may lead to impaired processing of complex information across all domains.
Child Labour, Fertility, and Economic Growth

This paper explores the evolution of child labour, fertility and human capital in the process of development. In early stages of development, the economy is in a development trap where child labour is abundant, fertility is high and output per capita is low. Technological progress, however, gradually increases the wage differential between parental and child labour, thereby inducing parents to substitute child education for child labour and reduce fertility. The economy takes off to a sustained growth steady-state equilibrium where child labour is abolished and fertility is low. Prohibition of child labour expedites the transition process and generates a Pareto dominating outcome.
Phenotypic variation in combined granular-lattice (Avellino) corneal dystrophy.

OBJECTIVE To describe the phenotypic variation exhibited by members of families with combined granular-lattice (Avellino) corneal dystrophy. SETTING We examined 40 patients (age range, 12 to 85 years) from six unrelated families with Avellino corneal dystrophy. This included the first individuals to ever be examined near the presumed site of origin in Italy. In addition, one family was the first to trace its origins to Germany rather than to Italy. We studied the phenotypic expression of the disease in the cornea, visual acuities, subjective complaints, complications, treatment, and histologic condition of these individuals. RESULTS The granular stromal lesions reach their mature quantity and size early in life, and appear as either gray and crumb-shaped deposits or superficial with an annular and planar distribution. The lattice component appears gradually, beginning and maturing later in life. The phenotypic variation within families was found to be substantial. Widely variable proportions of lattice and granular changes were found within single sibships. Visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/400. Recurrent corneal erosions were present but infrequent. Subjective complaints included glare and decreased night vision. Penetrating keratoplasty was required in one individual to restore vision. Histopathologic examination revealed typical amyloid and granular deposits. Granular deposits were found replacing Bowman's membrane and extending to the corneal surface. These deposits probably represent the cause of recurrent erosions. CONCLUSIONS Combined granular and lattice corneal dystrophy may present with substantial phenotypic variation. The disease can be found in individuals who trace their ancestry to both Italy and Germany, a wider geographic distribution than previously proposed.
Unilateral control and the moderating effects of fairness on the target's performance in asymmetric channel partnerships

With the use of unilateral control, the leader in a channel dyad (source) leads the activities of its partner (target) to achieve its own goals. Although there are numerous studies that have found a positive effect of a company's unilateral control on its own performance, the effects on the target's performance remain unexplored, even though this is essential to explain the long‐term survival of the relationship. In this research, the concept of attributed performance, defined as the fraction of its own performance that the target attributes to the relationship maintained with the source, is addressed postulating a number of hypotheses about the direct effects of unilateral control and the moderating role of the source's fair behaviour. In a sample of companies involved in channel partnerships, strong evidence is found about the positive effects of unilateral control on attributed performance, and the moderating role of the source's distributive and procedural fairness.
What Do Boards Do? Evidence from Board Committee and Director Compensation Data

This paper uses data on 1542 board committees and director compensation in a sample of 352 Fortune 500 companies in 1998 to analyze variation in board behavior. I use this data to quantify the amount of effort boards devote to their three different functions: monitoring, dealing with strategic issues and considering the interests of stakeholders. I show that boards appear to take their traditional oversight role seriously, since on average boards devote effort primarily to monitoring. However, there is a fair amount of variation across firms in the amount of effort boards devote to their different functions. In particular boards of larger firms and firms that face more uncertainty devote relatively less effort to monitoring, while boards of diversified firms devote relatively more effort to monitoring. Boards of larger, growing and older firms devote more effort to stakeholder interests on both an absolute and a relative basis. Finally, boards of growing firms devote relatively more effort to strategic issues.
Analysis of firm size, leverage, corporate governance on earnings management practices (Indonesian evidence)

A B STRA C T The inconsistency of the results in previous studies related to the relationship of firm size and leverage on earnings management practices is still interesting. In contrast to the previous studies, this study is not merely to determine the effect of firm size, leverage, and corporate governance on earnings management practices partially but also to include the variable corporate governance (CG) is also thought to be able to moderate the effect of firm size and leverage variables on earnings management practices. Discretionary accruals as proxy for earnings management and are also measured using Performance-Matched Discretionary Accruals Model. Using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) and Residual Test, the result shows that firm size and corporate governance have a significant effect on earnings management, whereas the leverage was not found to have a significant effect. In addition, the results of this study indicate that corporate governance is able to moderate the relationship firm size and leverage on earnings management practices.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND FIRM VALUATION IN MALAYSIAN LISTED

Corporate governance mechanisms emerge to tackle agency problems in ensuring that shareholders' funds are not expropriated or wasted on unprofitable activities, The issue arises as to whether these improvements have been effective in reducing agency costs, and therefore enhancing firm value. The objectives of this paper is to examine the effects of governance mechanisms of dividend, types of ownership structure, and board governance on firm value. This paper utilises a panel data analysis of 403 firms Iisted on the Bursa Malaysia over a four-year period from years 2002 to 2005. A hierarchical regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses and the data is analysed using the generalized least square (GLS) estimation technique. Overall, the results highlight the importance of moderating role played by board governance variables with types of ownership structure to inf1uence firm value. However, the benefits of better corporate governance through enhanced board governance are not the same across all firms since their incentives vary with respect to dividend and different types of ownership structure mechanisms.
Cost effective ferroelectric thick film phase shifter based on screen-printing technology

A cost effective phase shifter technology based on ferroelectric thick film fabricated by screen-printing technology is described in this paper. As the demonstration device, a reflection-type phase shifter is designed and fabricated. At 2.2GHz to 2.6GHz band, the reflection-type phase shifter offers an average differential phase shift about 48/spl deg/ with a mean insertion loss of -2.4dB. The biasing DC voltage to achieve this performance is about 100V. This is the first report on screen-printed ferroelectric thick film phase shifter which offers promising device performance.
Predicting entrepreneurial intentions when satisfactory employment opportunities are scarce

Purpose – The present survey seeks to investigate the moderating effect of the availability of employee positions on the configuration of intention to start a business in the post‐Soviet context. The research question is whether the perceived availability of employment opportunities moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents.Design/methodology/approach – The sample for this study consists of 276 military officers from the Armed Forces of Ukraine who transferred into the reserve and undertook a retraining programme designed by a Norwegian business school.Findings – The results indicate that the availability of satisfactory employment moderates the relationship between subjective norm (SN) and entrepreneurial intentions, so that the SN is even more important when employment opportunities are scarce. In contrast with this result, the availability of satisfactory employment opportunities was found not to have a moderating effect on the relationship between attitudes and i.
The Location Decisions of Foreign Logistics Firms in China: Does Transport Network Capacity Matter?

In recent years the logistic needs have created tremendous pressure on the ‘hard’ transport infrastructure. Logistics and the harness of information technology are the key facilitators of mobility. The Chinese logistics market is still in its infancy and creates tremendous opportunities for investors. It recognized as one of important driving forces both for national economy and business. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guanzhou aspire to be regional or international logistics hubs and have adopted preferential policies in attracting FDIs in logistics. From 1996 to 2001, foreign capital invested in transportation, storage, post and telecommunications increased from USD6.96 billion to USD15.16 billion. This study looks at the location decisions of foreign logistics firms and identifies with the aid of a multinomial logit model factors that are crucial in attracting them to China. This is important as they have an important role to play in filling in the gap left by traditional Chinese firms, which largely concentrate, on warehousing and distribution. The results suggest that location of logistics firms depends on transport infrastructure, market size, labor quality and cost, agglomeration economies, communication cost, economic privatization degree, as well as government incentives. The importance of the above factors varies by source of region. European and North American firms favor higher population densities, lower labor cost, convenient airway transport and large cities while logistics firms from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan put more emphasis on communication infrastructure.
Diabetes mellitus affects the duration of action of vecuronium in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To compare the duration of action of vecuronium in diabetic dogs with a control group. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Forty client-owned diabetic (n = 20) and non-diabetic dogs. METHODS Dogs were considered free from other concurrent disease based on clinical examination and laboratory data. After pre-anaesthetic medication with acepromazine and methadone, anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol and maintained with isoflurane-nitrous oxide in oxygen. Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) was achieved with vecuronium, 0.1 mg kg(-1) IV and its effects recorded by palpation (pelvic limb digital extension) and electromyography (m. tibialis cranialis) of responses (twitches; T) to repeated train-of-four (TOF) nerve stimulation. Time to onset of NMB was the period between vecuronium injection and loss of fourth twitch (T4) in the TOF pattern recorded by EMG and palpation. Duration of NMB was defined as the time from drug administration to return of T1 by palpation (T1(tactile) ) and EMG (T1(EMG) ). Times to return of T2-4 were also recorded. Time from induction of anaesthesia to vecuronium injection was recorded. Heart rate, non-invasive mean arterial pressure, body temperature, end-tidal isoflurane and end-tidal CO(2) concentrations were recorded at onset of NMB and when T1(EMG) returned. Loss and return of palpable and EMG responses for diabetic and non-diabetic dogs were compared using t-tests and Mann Whitney U-tests. RESULTS There were significant (p < 0.05) differences between diabetic and non-diabetic dogs for the return of all four palpable and EMG responses. Times (mean ± SD) for return of T1(tactile) were 13.2 ± 3.5 and 16.9 ± 4.2 minutes in diabetic and non-diabetic dogs respectively. There were no differences between diabetic and non-diabetic dogs in the time to onset of vecuronium with EMG or tactile monitoring. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The duration of action of vecuronium was shorter in diabetic dogs as indicated by both tactile and EMG monitoring.
Sustaining Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Small- and Medium-sized Cities

Abstract Whereas immigrant entrepreneurs are seen as engines of economic growth and sustainable urban development, small- and medium-sized cities (SMCs) are challenged by their lack of tradition and appropriate infrastructure in settling/integrating immigrants. This article asks if geography matters in theories on immigrant entrepreneurship, and to what extent immigrant entrepreneurs in SMCs are embedded in social relations. A case study conducted in a medium-sized Canadian city finds that immigrant entrepreneurship in SMCs is characterised by a low degree of social embeddedness, and immigrant entrepreneurs are more satisfied with their accomplishment and optimistic about their business future than their non-immigrant counterparts. It raises questions about the general applicability of current theories that ignore the role of geography in affecting the social, economic and institutional contexts of the place where immigrants conduct their economic endeavours, and suggests how SMCs can attract and retain immigrant businesses.