Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children’s Attributional Style From Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence: Further Validation of the Paper-and-Pencil Versions of the Children’s Attributional Style Interview

The psychometric properties of two paper-and-pencil versions of the Children’s Attributional Style Interview (i.e., CASI-I and CASI-II) were evaluated in a sample of 166 third and fourth graders and a sample of 245 sixth and seventh graders. The results demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and a factor structure that was consistent with theory in both samples. Furthermore, analyses demonstrated adequate evidence of the reliability and validity of several dimensional subscale scores and the composite measures of attributional style for both positive and negative events. These results suggest the utility of the CASI in research testing specific attributional predictions of cognitive theories of depression with the dimensional subscale scores. They further add to the literature by demonstrating item-level factor analytic support for a children’s attributional style measure and the feasibility of administration sizes larger than previously tested, which add to the utility of the CASI in large-scale research designs.
Factors affecting the benefits of high-frequency amplification.

PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the extent to which high-frequency amplification helped or hindered speech recognition as a function of hearing loss, gain-frequency response, and background noise. METHOD Speech recognition was measured monaurally under headphones for nonsense syllables low-pass filtered in one-third-octave steps between 2.2 and 5.6 kHz. Adults with normal hearing and with high-frequency thresholds ranging from 40 to 80 dB HL listened to speech in quiet processed with an identical "nonindividualized" gain-frequency response. Hearing-impaired participants also listened to speech in quiet and noise processed with gain-frequency responses individually prescribed according to the National Acoustic Laboratories-Revised (NAL-R) formula. RESULTS Mean speech recognition generally increased significantly with additional high-frequency speech bands. The one exception was that hearing-impaired participants' recognition of speech processed by the nonindividualized response did not improve significantly with the addition of the highest frequency band. Significantly larger increases in scores with increasing bandwidth were observed for speech in noise than quiet. CONCLUSIONS Given that decreases in scores with additional high-frequency speech bands for individual participants were relatively small and few and did not increase with quiet thresholds, no evidence of a degree of hearing loss was found above which it was counterproductive to provide amplification.
In Vitro Activity of a New Oral Triazole, BMS-207147 (ER-30346)

ABSTRACT The antifungal activity of BMS-207147 (also known as ER-30346) was compared to those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 250 strains of fungi representing 44 fungal species. MICs were determined by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)-recommended broth macrodilution method for yeasts, which was modified for filamentous fungi. BMS-207147 was about two- to fourfold more potent than itraconazole and about 40-fold more active than fluconazole against yeasts. With the NCCLS-recommended resistant MIC breakpoints of ≥1 μg/ml for itraconazole and of ≥64 μg/ml for fluconazole against Candida spp. , itraconazole and fluconazole were inactive against strains of Candida kruseiand Candida tropicalis. In contrast, all but 9 (allC. tropicalis) of the 116 Candida strains tested had BMS-207147 MICs of <1 μg/ml. The three triazoles were active against about half of the Candida glabrata strains and against all of the Cryptococcus neoformans strains tested. The three triazoles were fungistatic to most yeast species, except for BMS-207147 and itraconazole, which were fungicidal to cryptococci. BMS-207147 and itraconazole were inhibitory to most aspergilli, and against half of the isolates, the activity was cidal. BMS-207147 and itraconazole were active, though not cidal, against most hyaline Hyphomycetes (with the exception ofFusarium spp. and Pseudallescheria boydii), dermatophytes, and the dematiaceous fungi and inactive againstSporothrix schenckii and zygomycetes. Fluconazole, on the other hand, was inactive against most filamentous fungi with the exception of dermatophytes other than Microsporum gypseum. Thus, the spectrum and potency of BMS-207147 indicate that it should be a candidate for clinical development.
Physical fitness and injury reporting among active duty and National Guard/Reserve women: associations with risk and lifestyle factors.

OBJECTIVE As more women enter the military, it is important to understand how different risks and lifestyle factors influence physical fitness and injury among women in both active duty (AD) and National Guard/Reserve (NG/R). Women in military service are less fit and more likely to suffer musculoskeletal injuries during physical training than men. They also use more medical care during deployment than men. Using data from the Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness Global Assessment Tool 2.0 (GAT 2.0), self-reported health and lifestyle and behavioral risk factors were analyzed in nondeployed Army personnel, with the goals of examining (1) service-component differences across traditional risk and lifestyle factors, and (2) correlates of physical performance and physical activity-related injury. METHODS Self-report GAT 2.0 data included health risk factors (overall perceived health, sleep, diet, tobacco and alcohol use), self-reported health metrics (height, weight, Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores), and history of physical activity-related injury. The GAT 2.0 was completed by 1,322 AD and 1,033 NG/R women, and APFT data were available for a subsample of 605 AD and 582 NG/R women. RESULTS Initial analyses of GAT 2.0 data indicated that AD had higher rates of fair/poor perceived health, poor sleep, and unhealthy diet compared to NG/R women. However, AD women had a lower APFT fail rate (8%) than NG (27%) and R (28%). Active duty women were more likely to experience a physical injury in the past 6 months (38%) than NG (19%) and R (22%) women, and more likely to seek medical care than NG/R women. Across all service components, predictive factors for APFT failure included high body mass index (BMI), fair/poor health, and unhealthy diet. Predictive factors for physical injury included high BMI, fair/poor health, and binge drinking. CONCLUSION Our analyses suggest that AD women Soldiers are more physically fit than NG/R women Soldiers, which is accompanied by a greater prevalence of physical activity-related injuries. As women's roles expand into combat military occupation specialties, a thorough understanding of service component differences will be critical to inform training programs, mitigate physical injury, and enhance force health protection and readiness.
Skp2‐mediated p27(Kip1) degradation during S/G2 phase progression of adipocyte hyperplasia

p27(Kip1), an important regulator of Cdk2 activity and G1/S transition, is tightly regulated in a cell‐type and condition‐specific manner to integrate mitogenic and differentiation signals governing cell cycle progression. We show that p27 protein levels progressively declined from mid‐G1 through late‐G2 phase as density‐arrested 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes synchronously reentered the cell cycle during early stages of adipocyte differentiation. This dramatic fall in p27 protein accumulation was due, at least in part, to a decrease in protein stability. Specific inhibitors of the 26S proteasome were shown to completely block the decrease in p27 protein levels throughout G1, increase the abundance of ubiquitylated p27 protein, and inhibit G1/S transition resulting in G1 arrest. It is further demonstrated that p27 was phosphorylated on threonine 187 during S phase progression by Cdk2 and that phosphorylated p27 was polyubiquitylated and degraded. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Skp2 and Cks1 dramatically increased during S/G2 phase progression concomitantly with the maximal fall in p27 protein. Complete knockdown of Skp2 with RNA interference partially prevented p27 degradation equivalent to that observed with Cdk2 blockade suggesting that the SCFSkp2 E3 ligase and other proteasome‐dependent mechanisms contribute to p27 degradation during preadipocyte replication. Interestingly, Skp2‐mediated p27 degradation was not essential for G1/S or S/G2 transition as preadipocytes shifted from quiescence to proliferation during adipocyte hyperplasia. Finally, evidence is presented suggesting that elevated p27 protein in the absence of Skp2 was neutralized by sequestration of p27 protein into Cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 101–111, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent Genetic and Family-Wide Environmental Contributions to Early Number Knowledge and Later Achievement in Mathematics

This study investigated the stable and transient genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in number knowledge in the transition from preschool (age 5) to Grade 1 (age 7) and to the predictive association between early number knowledge and later math achievement (age 10–12). We conducted genetic simplex modeling across these three time points. Genetic variance was transmitted from preschool number knowledge to late-elementary math achievement; in addition, significant genetic innovation (i.e., new influence) occurred at ages 10 through 12 years. The shared and nonshared environmental contributions decreased during the transition from preschool to school entry, but shared and nonshared environment contributed to the continuity across time from preschool number knowledge to subsequent number knowledge and math achievement. There was no new environmental contribution at time points subsequent to preschool. Results are discussed in light of their practical implications for children who have difficulties with mathematics, as well as for preventive intervention.
Outbreak of acute hepatitis E virus infection among military personnel in northern Ethiopia

An outbreak of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurred from October 1988 to March 1989 in military camps in northern Ethiopia. The epidemic was waterborne and entirely confined to military men, of whom 423 hospitalized, icteric patients were studied. The clinical course was mild and short, without any fulminant hepatitis or death. All sera tested for anti‐HAV‐lgM were negative and among 54(13%) patients who were positive for HBsAg, 7(2%) were positive for anti‐HBc IgM. On the other hand, 28 of 30 (93%) patients had antibodies against hepatitis E virus (anti‐HEV) in contrast to 1 of 29 (3%) asymptomatic controls (P< 0.01). The need for an easily available, inexpensive serologic test for HEV infection, protection of water supplies from fecal contamination, adequate chlorination and/or boiling of drinking water, and health education about personal and environmental hygiene, especially in communities at high risk, is emphasized.
Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress

This review focuses on the responses of the plant cell wall to several abiotic stresses including drought, flooding, heat, cold, salt, heavy metals, light, and air pollutants. The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are discussed at the physiological (morphogenic), transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical levels. The analysis of a large set of data shows that the plant response is highly complex. The overall effects of most abiotic stress are often dependent on the plant species, the genotype, the age of the plant, the timing of the stress application, and the intensity of this stress. This shows the difficulty of identifying a common pattern of stress response in cell wall architecture that could enable adaptation and/or resistance to abiotic stress. However, in most cases, two main mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) an increased level in xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin proteins, associated with an increase in the degree of rhamnogalacturonan I branching that maintains cell wall plasticity and (ii) an increased cell wall thickening by reinforcement of the secondary wall with hemicellulose and lignin deposition. Taken together, these results show the need to undertake large-scale analyses, using multidisciplinary approaches, to unravel the consequences of stress on the cell wall. This will help identify the key components that could be targeted to improve biomass production under stress conditions.
Prognostic impact of immunohistochemical biomarkers in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the rituximab era

We evaluated the usefulness of prognostic markers in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone (CHOP) ± rituximab (R‐CHOP) in Japan. We studied 730 patients with DLBCL; 451 received CHOP and 279 R‐CHOP. We analyzed biopsy samples immunohistochemically for markers of germinal center B cells (CD10, Bcl‐6), postgerminal center B cells (Multiple myeloma‐1), and apoptosis (Bcl‐2). The median follow‐up period for surviving patients was 56.4 months for the CHOP group and 25.2 months for the R‐CHOP group. DLBCL were categorized as germinal center B (GCB) subtype (352/730; 48.2%) or non‐GCB subtype (378/730; 51.8%). In the CHOP group, the high expression of CD10 (P = 0.022) or Bcl‐6 (P = 0.021), or GCB subtype (P = 0.05) was associated with better overall survival, whereas the high expression of Bcl‐2 (P = 0.001) or MUM1 (P = 0.011), or non‐GCB subtype (P = 0.05) was associated with worse overall survival. In the R‐CHOP group, however, these biomarkers except Bcl‐6 were not significant prognostic factors. The patients with non‐GCB subtype showed improved survival in the R‐CHOP group (P = 0.756). The International Prognostic Index was a useful clinical marker of survival in the CHOP group (P < 0.001) and also in the R‐CHOP group (P < 0.001). Results of improved survival with rituximab addition indicate that the relevance of previously recognized prognostic factors should be re‐evaluated. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1842–1847)
Temporal trends in sexually transmitted infection prevalence and condom use following introduction of the female condom to Madagascar sex workers

We followed 1000 sex workers in Madagascar for 18 months to assess whether adding female condoms to male condom distribution led to increased protection levels and decreased sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For months 1–6, participants had access to male condoms only; in the final 12 months, they had access to male and female condoms. We interviewed participants about condom use every two months and tested for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis every six months. Following six months of male condom distribution, participants used protection in 78% of sex acts with clients. Following female condom introduction, protection at months 12 and 18 rose to 83% and 88%, respectively. Aggregate STI prevalence declined from 52% at baseline to 50% at month 6. With the female condom added, STI prevalence dropped to 41% and 40% at months 12 and 18, respectively. We conclude female condom introduction is associated with increased use of protection to levels that reduce STI risk.
Individual and Institutional Trading Volume Around Firm-Specific Announcements

Purpose - We investigate the immediate impact of firm-specific announcements on the trading volume of individual and institutional investors on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), during a period when the market becomes fragmented. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses intraday trading volume data in five-minute intervals prior to and after firm-specific announcements to measure individual and institutional abnormal volume. There are 70 such intervals per trading day and 254 trading days in the sample period. The first 10 minutes of trading (from 10.00am to 10.10am) is excluded to avoid the effect of opening auction and to ensure consistency in the “starting time” for all stocks. The volume transacted during five-minute intervals is aggregated and attributed to individual or institutional investors using Broker IDs. Findings - Institutional investors exhibit abnormal trading volume before and after announcements. However, individual investors indicate abnormal trading volume only after announcements. Consistent with outcomes expected from a dividend washing strategy, abnormal trading volume around dividend announcements is statistically insignificant. Both individual and institutional investors’ buy volumes are higher than sell volumes before and after scheduled and unscheduled announcements. - Research limitations/implications The study is Australian focused, but the results are applicable to other limit order book markets of similar design. - Practical implications Our results add to the understanding of individual and institutional investors’ trading behaviour around firm-specific announcements in a securities market with continuous disclosure. - Originality/value These results will help regulators to design markets that are less predatory on individual investors.
A Time-Stepping Complementarity Approach for Frictionless Systems of Rigid Bodies

This paper presents a time-stepping complementarity approach for computing a numerical trajectory of a system of rigid bodies under frictionless contact. Such a system is formulated as a time-dependent (ordinary) differential complementarity problem (DCP), which consists of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) coupled with a complementarity condition. The phenomenon of impact plays an essential role when modeling a mechanical system of this type. Within the time-stepping scheme, which uses a high-order ODE discretization, we include an impact detection routine and an impact law governing the behavior of the system over the duration of an impact. We report computational results for the application of the overall numerical scheme to computing the solution trajectories of several realistic mechanical systems.
Validating predicted activity preferences of individuals with severe disabilities.

We examined the accuracy of 24 staff members' predictions of activities preferred by 14 individuals with severe disabilities. For each of 144 activities, staff members assigned a client preference rating of "likes a lot," "likes," or "dislikes. " Two activities from each category were randomly selected for each individual with disabilities. Pairs of selected activities were presented to the individuals, who were prompted to choose an activity. Staff members' activity preference ratings correctly predicted the choices made by the individuals with disabilities for 78% of the trials. The more divergent the preference ratings of the paired activities, the more likely staff members were to predict correctly the activity selected by a participant.
Effectiveness of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

INTRODUCTION This is the fi rst prospective study done locally to determine the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic vacuum pump was used to apply controlled negative pressure evenly across the wound surface. Changes in wound dimension, presence of wound granulation and infection status of diabetic foot ulcers in 11 consecutive patients with diabetes were followed over the course of VAC therapy. RESULTS Healing was achieved in all wounds. Nine wounds were closed by split-skin grafting and 2 by secondary closure. The average length of treatment with VAC therapy was 23.3 days. Ten wounds showed reduction in wound size. All wounds were satisfactorily granulated and cleared of bacterial infection at the end of VAC therapy. CONCLUSIONS VAC therapy was useful in the treatment of diabetic foot infection and ulcers, which after debridement, may present with exposed tendon, fascia and/or bone. These included ray amputation wounds, wounds post-debridement for necrotising fasciitis, wounds post-drainage for abscess, a heel ulcer and a sole ulcer. It was able to prepare ulcers well for closure via split-skin grafting or secondary closure in good time. This reduced cost of VAC therapy, as therapy was not prolonged to attain greater reduction in wound area. VAC therapy also provides a sterile, more controlled resting environment to large, exudating wound surfaces. Large diabetic foot ulcers were thus made more manageable.
Hybrid System State Tracking and Fault Detection Using Particle Filters

When particle filters are used for fault detection, they have the problem of sample impoverishment, which means there are not enough particles that can transition to a rare-occurring faulty mode. The consequence is that the fault cannot be properly detected. This paper proposes a method to overcome this problem. Essentially, we develop an algorithm for tracking the states of hybrid systems where fault detection is modeled as a special case of the state tracking of a hybrid system. Extensive simulations are carried out to analyze the effects of various parameters on the performance of the algorithm. It is shown that our algorithm can detect both known and unknown faults using a very small number of particles
Single-Dose Trivalent VesiculoVax Vaccine Protects Macaques from Lethal Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Challenge

ABSTRACT Previous studies demonstrated that a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of an attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector (VesiculoVax vector platform; rVSV-N4CT1) expressing the glycoprotein (GP) from the Mayinga strain of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) protected nonhuman primates (NHPs) from lethal challenge with EBOV strains Kikwit and Makona. Here, we studied the immunogenicities of an expanded range of attenuated rVSV vectors expressing filovirus GP in mice. Based on data from those studies, an optimal attenuated trivalent rVSV vector formulation was identified that included rVSV vectors expressing EBOV, Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), and the Angola strain of Marburg marburgvirus (MARV) GPs. NHPs were vaccinated with a single dose of the trivalent formulation, followed by lethal challenge 28 days later with each of the three corresponding filoviruses. At day 14 postvaccination, a serum IgG response specific for all three GPs was detected in all the vaccinated macaques. A modest and balanced cell-mediated immune response specific for each GP was also detected in a majority of the vaccinated macaques. No matter the level of total GP-specific immune response detected postvaccination, all the vaccinated macaques were protected from disease and death following lethal challenge with each of the three filoviruses. These findings indicate that vaccination with a single dose of attenuated rVSV-N4CT1 vectors each expressing a single filovirus GP may provide protection against the filoviruses most commonly responsible for outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in sub-Saharan Africa. IMPORTANCE The West African Ebola virus Zaire outbreak in 2013 showed that the disease was not only a regional concern, but a worldwide problem, and highlighted the need for a safe and efficacious vaccine to be administered to the populace. However, other endemic pathogens, like Ebola virus Sudan and Marburg, also pose an important health risk to the public and therefore require development of a vaccine prior to the occurrence of an outbreak. The significance of our research was the development of a blended trivalent filovirus vaccine that elicited a balanced immune response when administered as a single dose and provided complete protection against a lethal challenge with all three filovirus pathogens.