Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The size of the core in school choice

We study the determinants of the size of the core in the school choice problem using three years of data from a large higher education application clearinghouse. The clearinghouse uses a variation of the college-optimal stable mechanism (COSM) to assign applicants to slots in Finnish polytechnics. If the core is large, switching to a student-optimal stable mechanism (SOSM) could yield large improvements for applicants at a cost to schools. We however find that the core is either a singleton or very small each year. This suggests that the student/school trade-off is relatively unimportant within the set of stable matchings in Finnish polytechnic assignments. We show that the similarity of COSM and SOSM matchings is due to correlated school priorities, differing numbers of students and slots, and to students only applying to a small number of programs each. Because these properties are common to other higher education school choice problems, our conclusions are likely to generalize. In spite of the fact that Finnish polytechnics jointly only accept a third of applicants, accepted applicants' average matriculation exam grades are not much better than those of the median applicant. We attribute this to the low effective number of programs applied to, and suggest that details in the design of the application process affect the trade-off in match quality. JEL Classification: C78, D82, C71
Metal Interaction with Organic Acids: Semiempirical Molecular Modeling Approach

Metal interaction with organic acids is an important aspect in the environment. Both, acetic acid and benzoic acid were chosen as model molecules for aliphatic and aromatic structures, respectively. Monovalent alkalis were interacted with each acid through the hydrogen bonding of the COOH group. Divalent alkalis and heavy metals were interacted through hydrogen bonding with two acid units. PM5 semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations indicate that the interaction transform carboxyl band into metal carboxylate with a shift toward lower wavenumber. Monovalent metals showed reactive complexes which are further dedicated for interaction. Divalent metals showed stable complexes according to their lower dipole moment values, leaving no further interactions for these complexes. Increasing the hydrocarbon chain is not affecting either the vibrational characteristics or the reactivity of metal carboxylate in the environment. Higher level of theory indicates the suitability of PM5 method for this study.
Deviation of the tunica media of aorta of goat from conventional structural concept : case for including collagen.

Knowledge of the structural organization of the aortic tunica media is important in understanding the physicomechanical properties and alterations which underpin aortic aging and pathologies such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms and aortitis. Recent studies have cast doubt on the exclusivity of the medial lamella unit and musculoelastic fascicle concepts of the aortic structure. The goat is a suitable model for studying cardiovascular disease. Therefore the structure of tunica media of its aorta was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Materials were obtained from 6 healthy adult male goats [age range 12 – 24 months]. Specimens from the mid thoracic aortic segment were fixed in 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde and processed for durcupan embedding and sectioning. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate, counterstained in lead citrate and examined by Philips 210 transmission electron microscope. Besides medial lamella units and musculoelastic fascicles in the tunica media, we observed longitudinal elastic lamellae, and cells surrounded by collagen bundles both of which were sandwiched by elastic lamellae. In some instances, cells were disposed between collagen bundles on one side, and elastic lamella on the other. These observations imply that the aortic tunica media is heterogeneous with a mosaic structure, rather than the uniform one conventionally known.
REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN A PRECOCIAL SMALL MAMMAL, CAVIA MAGNA

Abstract Small mammals usually produce large litters of altricial young, resulting in high reproductive rates. In contrast, cavies give birth to few precocial young after a long gestation. The price of this reproductive strategy is a low intrinsic rate of natural increase. We investigated if the patterns of reproduction in a wild population of Cavia magna are consistent with the hypotheses that cavies can increase their reproductive output by breeding aseasonally and by maturing extremely early. We collected data on reproduction and growth by capture–recapture during a 26-month field study in a wetland in Uruguay, and from a laboratory population founded with individuals from the same region. Among the Caviinae, C. magna is particularly precocial, with individual neonates weighing on average 18% of maternal mass. Reproduction was mostly seasonal, with the main birth season starting at the end of September (austral spring) and extending until May in 1999 and February in 2000, respectively, with only a few females reproducing during the 1st but not the 2nd austral winter. Individual females produced on average 3 litters per year. Some females born in early spring conceived successfully between the age of 30 and 45 days, similar to females in the laboratory. The remainder of the 1st spring cohort and females of subsequent birth cohorts delayed reproduction until the following spring. Body condition and growth rates were highest in the spring, declined through the year, and varied between years, and may be the proximate factors determining whether an adult female or a juvenile initiates breeding. Breeding opportunistically whenever conditions allow might partly compensate for the low reproductive rate of cavies.
Effects of Logging on Periphyton in Coastal Streams of Oregon

Changes in the stream algal flora were observed during a multi—disciplinary logging study of small watersheds in Oregon. Clearcut logging was applied to one watershed of 71 hectares, while a second watershed of 304 ha was patch—out leaving a buffer—strip of vegetation along the stream channel. A third watershed of 203 ha was not logged but remained as a control. Pre—logging and post—logging oxygen levels, temperature, and sedimentation loads were analyzed. Access roads were built in 1963, and logging completed in 1966. Analysis of the algal communities of the three watershed streams prior to the logging operation of 1966 indicated that the communities were predominantly a periphyton type composed mainly of diatoms. Immediately following the yarding operation of the clearcut watershed, large quantities of Sphaerotilus natans colonized all debris and mud in the stream, and a change in the algal floral appeared to take place. Large mats of green algae were observed colonizing all mud and slash. Results from .
THE VIEWPOINTS OF PATIENTS, FAMILIES AND MEDICAL TEAM ON INTERNAL BARRIERS TO BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL MANAGEMENT

BACKGROUND: Internal barriers are an important group of barriers to blood glucose level control. Finding the viewpoints of patients, their families and medical team on these barriers is an important step towards correct planning and effective control of blood glucose. This study aimed to find and compare viewpoints of patients, their families and medical team about internal barriers to control glucose levels. METHODS: This was a descriptive-comparative and cross-sectional study with three groups and one stage. A total of 938 subjects including 420 type 2 diabetic patients, 420 members of their families and 98 medical team staff participated in the study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed by subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods and SPSS software. RESULTS: Results showed significant differences between viewpoints of the 3 groups of patients, families and medical team about internal barriers of blood glucose control (p < 0.001). The medical team gave the highest importance to these barriers while patients gave the lowest value to these barriers. CONCLUSION: Regarding the significant difference between the viewpoints of three groups, it can be concluded that this difference may count for lack of success in controlling patients' glucose levels, because medical teams focus on barriers that are not so important to patients and their families and the barriers which are important in the viewpoints of patients and their families are less considered by the medical team. KEY WORDS: Type 2 diabetes, internal barriers to blood glucose level control, viewpoint.
Policy Strategy Towards Achieving Investment Grade Status for Emerging Economies

The paper discusses a possible policy strategy towards achieving an investment grade status for emerging economies. Through the use of an econometric model, it determines which among the macroeconomic variables considered by Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) impacts speculative and investment grade economies. More importantly, it ranks these macroeconomic determinants according to its largest effect on the probability of achieving an investment grade status. This vital information will aid policymakers in identifying target areas where government efforts and resources should be focused.
A DEM-CFD approach to predict the pressure drop through an air-rockbed thermal storage system: Part 1

This paper, the first of two, explains the methods used to create an irregular packed rock bed with the DEM and how the developed geometric model can then be converted into the appropriate format, such that a method to predict the pressure drop over the bed, by means of a CFD analysis can be developed. It started by first investigating the degree to which the DEM input parameters affect the porosity of a bed with spherical particles and the results showed that only low internal friction coefficients have a significant effect. At the same time it was established that the porosity of a bed consisting out of irregular shaped particles cannot be obtained if only spherical particles are used in the models. However, when the particle shape and size distribution was improved by clumping several spheres together in order to model the non-spherical particles, the correct porosity could be obtained.
Analysis of ECG Arrhythmia for Heart Disease Detection using SVM and Cuckoo Search Optimized Neural Network

This paper tried to address several topics concerning the analysis, synthesis and compression of the electrocardiogram signal (ECG) using the MIT database. We detect the R-wave by identifying the location of each interval delineating a QRS complex using unbiased and biased estimators. In the second part of the work, we segmented the signal into RR periods constituting the vectors of a data matrix, where we extracted its main components in order to reduce the size of the cardiac information, and then further reduced in addition the size by the use of a threshold on the signal. Then the classification is done for automatic detection of heart disease using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Cuckoo Search Optimized Neural Network. ECG beats with 4 types of abnormalities (RBBB, APC, PVC and LBBB) from ECG records is retrieved from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Analysis of the different groups shows the overall recognition performance was 99.50%. The worst is 99.63% for the RBBB class.
In the back of your mind: Subliminal influences of religious concepts on prosocial behavior

Does religion enhance prosocial behavior? We investigate the ways in which implicit influences of religious concepts affect generosity and cooperation. In contrast to previous studies, we assess the direct impact of religion as an independent variable on prosocial behavior. We do so by subliminally priming participants with religious concepts in a scrambled sentence task before they play a dictator game and a prisoner’s dilemma game. We found that implicit priming of religious concepts significantly increased prosocial behavior in both games. This result was present among both religious and nonreligious participants. Selfreported measure of religiosity was related neither to generosity nor to cooperation.
Bank market concentration, relationship banking, and small business liquidity

This article examines two contrasting interpretations of how bank market concentration (Market Power Hypothesis) and banking relationships (Information Hypothesis) affect three sources of small firm liquidity (cash, lines of credit, and trade credit). Supportive of a market power interpretation, we find that in a highly concentrated banking market, small firms hold less cash, have less access to lines of credit, and are more likely to be financially constrained, use greater amounts of more expensive trade credit, and face higher penalties for trade credit late payment. We also find support for the information hypothesis: relationship banking improves small business liquidity, particularly in a concentrated banking market, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of bank market concentration derived from market power. Our results are robust to different cash, lines of credit, and trade credit measures and to alternative empirical approaches.
BRIGHT GALAXIES AT HUBBLE’S REDSHIFT DETECTION FRONTIER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND DESIGN FROM THE REDSHIFT z ∼ 9–10 BoRG PURE-PARALLEL HST SURVEY

We present the first results and design from the redshift z ∼ 9–10 Brightest of the Reionizing Galaxies Hubble Space Telescope survey BoRG[z9–10], aimed at searching for intrinsically luminous unlensed galaxies during the first 700 Myr after the Big Bang. BoRG[z9–10] is the continuation of a multi-year pure-parallel near-IR and optical imaging campaign with the Wide Field Camera 3. The ongoing survey uses five filters, optimized for detecting the most distant objects and offering continuous wavelength coverage from λ = 0.35 μm to λ = 1.7 μm. We analyze the initial ∼130 arcmin2 of area over 28 independent lines of sight (∼25% of the total planned) to search for z > 7 ? > galaxies using a combination of Lyman-break and photometric redshift selections. From an effective comoving volume of (5–25) × 105 Mpc3 for magnitudes brighter than m AB = 26.5 – 24.0 ? > in the H 160 ? > -band respectively, we find five galaxy candidates at z ∼ ? > 8.3–10 detected at high confidence ( S / N > 8 ? > ), including a source at z ∼ ? > 8.4 with m AB = 24.5 ? > ( S / N ∼ 22 ? > ), which, if confirmed, would be the brightest galaxy identified at such early times ( z > 8 ? > ). In addition, BoRG[z9–10] data yield four galaxies with 7.3 ≲ z ≲ 8 ? > . These new Lyman-break galaxies with m ≲ 26.5 ? > are ideal targets for follow-up observations from ground and space-based observatories to help investigate the complex interplay between dark matter growth, galaxy assembly, and reionization.
Experimental evolution of Vibrio fischeri to squid symbiosis

Background. Co-evolution of Vibrio fischeri strains with Euprymna scolopes has led to isolates that are superior squid colonists [1, 2]. To better understand how V. fischeri adapts to symbiosis with squid we serially transferred a planktonic Hawaiian isolate, H905 [3], and the natural E. scolopes symbiont, ES114, in squid. We characterized derived isolates for colonization ability as well as other phenotypic traits that have been implicated as being important to symbiosis. Results. We hypothesized that as a result of adaptation to symbiosis H905 would become more phenotypically similar to ES114. We see this trend in luminescence and siderophore production of derived isolates; however, biofilm production and motility became more different from the natural squid symbiont. Conclusions. These findings may indicate that H905 utilizes different mechanisms of colonization than symbiotic isolates, or it could also be the result of differential regulation of phenotypes between H905 and ES114 under squid vs. in-vitro conditions.
Lean implementation within SMEs: a literature review

Purpose – Lean business ideology has been one of the recent dominant research areas in operations management. However, there is a dearth of research focusing on Lean in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by systematically reviewing the literature in relation to the implementation of Lean in SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – Tranfield et al.’s (2003) systematic review methodology was employed covering three stages: planning, conducting and reporting/dissemination. Findings – A descriptive analysis of the papers reviewed is provided. From the thematic analysis of the literature four main themes are identified: the scope/type of Lean being adopted by SMEs, how Lean is used in SMEs, the impact of Lean implementation on SMEs and the critical success factors for Lean implementation in SMEs. Key inhibitors and enablers related to firm size when implementing Lean are also identified in the concluding discussion. Research limitations/implications – Nine reco.
Fake Alphas, Tail Risk and Reputation Traps

This paper develops a model of active asset management where a fraction of managers have skill and invest alongside unskilled managers who can generate active returns at a disutility. Because of agency frictions, star funds exploit their status by extracting higher rents from investors and by exposing them to tail risk, while poor performers may end up in a reputation trap, limiting their ability to attract investment. These effects exacerbate fluctuations, especially in times of high-volatility. Moreover, there exists a feedback effect between the managers’ reputation and the compensation for selling disaster insurance which exacerbates agency frictions.
Role of Dairy Cooperative Services on Dairy Development in Indonesia A Case Study of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province

Various efforts had been made to promote dairy development as a major instrument for rural development in Indonesia. In general, the objectives of the policies and programs are to increase milk production, improve nutritional standards, and improve the economy of small farmers. Dairy cooperatives have an important role on dairy development in Indonesia, such as milk collection and improving milk marketing facilities, adopting measures; credit, feed supply, veterinary aid, artificial insemination and cows insurance to promote milk production, undertaking more farmers oriented research and studies on the socio economic aspects of dairy business, expanding dairy education and extension services, and enhancing government role in integrated dairy development. The role of dairy cooperative services on dairy development is discussed in this paper with the case study of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province.
Molecular pathomechanisms of ischemic stroke

Stroke is the third most prevalent cause of death and disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 80% of all strokes, 70% of all acute cerebrovascular diseases, and is the most frequent acute neurological disorder. Its incidence is 14 cases/10000 population/year, and 25% of IS occur in working-age people. Only 1/3 of all stroke patients reach full social and professional reintegration, whereas the remainder die or invalid. Yet there is no efficient therapy against IS [5]. IS is mainly caused by intracranial thrombosis or extracranial embolism. It is characterized by a sudden loss of circulation to an area of the brain where crucial artery is narrowed or blocked, resulting in an oxygen cutoff to the brain and corresponding loss of the latest neurological function. The disruption of blood flow to a portion of the brain induces an ischemic cascade, leading to the death of neurons and cerebral infarction. Within minutes of a stroke, an initial cell death zone is surrounded by additional damaged and dying cells forming an ischemic penumbra. This process can continue for hours and days leading to irreversible brain damage. The existence of the ischemic penumbra, a potentially salvageable tissue around a core of irreversibly damaged cells, is a central concept of acute IS therapy, which primary goal is to prevent this not yet irreversibly damaged tissue from proceeding towards infarction, that is to reduce the final size of infarction [17].
OPTIMIZATION OF TMD PARAMETERS FOR EARTHQUAKE VIBRATIONS OF TALL BUILDINGS INCLUDING SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION

This paper investigates the optimized parameters of Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) for highrise structures considering Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) effects. Three optimization methods, namely the ant colony optimization (ACO) technique together with artificial bee colony (ABC) and shuffled complex evolution (SCE) methods are utilized for the optimization of TMD Mass, damping coefficient and spring stiffness as the design variables. The objective is to decrease the maximum displacement of structure. The 40 story structure with three soil types is employed to design TMD for six types of far field earthquakes. The results are then utilized to obtain relations for the optimized TMD parameters with SSI effects. The relations are then applied to design TMD for the same structure with another five types of far field oscillations, and reasonable results are achieved. For further investigations, the obtained relations are utilized to design TMD for a new structure, and the reduction values are obtained for five types of earthquakes, which show acceptable results. This study improves the understanding of earthquake oscillations, and helps the designers to achieve the optimized TMD for high-rise buildings.
Textual Enhancement across Linguistic Structures: EFL Learners' Acquisition of English Forms

The benefits of textual input enhancement in the acquisition of linguistic forms have produced mixed results in SLA literature. The present study investigates the effects of textual enhancement on adult foreign language intake of two English linguistic forms-subjunctive mood and inversion structures-to explore the role of the type of linguistic items in input enhancement studies. It also investigates learners’ trend of development in the acquisition process of these structures. Thirty first year college-level participants were exposed to twelve enhanced texts for subjunctive mood and twelve other texts for inversion structures. The study employed a pretest-posttest-delayed posttest design to explore the effectiveness of instructional treatment in the short term and long term acquisition of the structures. Alongside a pretest and a posttest, three production tests were administered to assess the trend of development in each structure. The results revealed that textual enhancement aided the learning of the target forms. With regard to type of linguistic items, significant benefits of subjunctive mood over inversion structures were found during both short term and long term. This study revealed that textual input enhancement may have differential effects on the acquisition of linguistic forms. Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications are also discussed.
Stakeholder Influence on Earnings Management: Ethical Considerations and Potential Avenues

Financial reports are a major bonding agent in (prospective) firm-stakeholder relationships. Therefore, earnings management might induce stakeholders to accept terms of trade which they would have not, knowing the true situation. The issue becomes even more complicated and potentially conflict-laden if some stakeholders would possess the ability to influence firms' earnings management behavior and exploit this at the expense of others. Four generalizable avenues of potential stakeholder influence are presented.