Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous measurement of pressure in the interstitium and the terminal lymphatics of the cat mesentery.

1. Simultaneous measurements of the pressure in terminal lymphatics and interstitial tissue have been made in the exteriorized cat mesentery superfused with either physiological salt solution (Krebs solution) or a water‐immiscible fluorocarbon, FC‐80. 2. The pressures within individual terminal lymphatics were measured using glass micropipettes attached to a servo pressure‐measuring system. Tissue pressures were recorded using saline‐filled cotton‐wool wicks. 3. Mean pressure recorded in the terminal lymphatics of the Krebs‐superfused mesentery were slightly above atmospheric (+0.2 mmHg, n = 45), while those recorded in the FC‐80‐superfused mesentery were slightly below atmospheric (‐0.2 mmHg, n = 46). 4. Tissue pressures were also slightly subatmospheric in the in situ mesentery, and the recently exposed tissue. Continuous superfusion with Krebs solution caused the tissue pressure to rise to atmospheric pressure or above; with FC‐80‐superfusion the tissue pressure also rose, but never to above atmospheric pressure. 5. Isolated strips of mesentery immersed in Krebs solutions of different concentrations gained weight, but when immersed in FC‐80 no change in weight was detected. 6. It was concluded that the interstitial gel of the mesentery is normally unsaturated and that superfusion with Krebs solution leads to tissue oedema. This tendency is less marked in FC‐80‐superfused preparations. Possible mechanisms for lymph formation and propulsion are discussed.
Diffuse microgliosis associated with cerebral atrophy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The cause of cerebral atrophy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is obscure because human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)‐related histopathological changes hardly correlate with cerebral atrophy. In this study, brain ventricular expansion was compared to the frontal lobe density of mononuclear and astroglial cells at autopsy. Twenty‐eight male patients with AIDS displaying varying degrees of atrophy were compared to 17 age‐matched male control subjects without AIDS or atrophy. An index of ventricular expansion was measured in uniformly sliced, formalin‐fixed brain specimens, and immunochemically marked cells in coronal sections of the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 8) were quantified by field counting and planimetry. In the cortex, diffuse ferritin‐stained microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes were about twice as numerous in the patients with AIDS. Sixty‐five percent (18/28) of the patients with AIDS had a microglial cell density greater than 2 standard deviations above the control mean. Microglial cell density was correlated positively with the severity of ventricular expansion (r = 0.71, p <0.0001), while hypertrophied astroglial cells were very weakly related. In white matter, Ham‐56–‐positive macrophages and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes were not meaningfully correlated with the index of ventricular expansion. Brain ventricular expansion and diffuse cortical microgliosis are highly prevalent anomalies in patients with AIDS, and their interrelationship may be more important than previously recognized.
Perturbation of rRNA Synthesis in the bap28 Mutation Leads to Apoptosis Mediated by p53 in the Zebrafish Central Nervous System*

Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system for using forward genetics to elucidate mechanisms of early development. We have used chemical mutagenesis to screen for mutants that show defects in the CNS. Here we describe the isolation of the bap28 mutation that leads to abnormalities in the brain starting at midsomitogenesis stages. Mutant embryos display excess apoptosis primarily in the central nervous system (CNS) and die by days 6-7 after fertilization. The mutation was positionally cloned and shown to affect a gene that encodes a large protein with high similarity to the uncharacterized human protein BAP28 and lower similarity to yeast Utp10. Utp10 is a component of a nucleolar U3 small nucleolar RNA-containing RNP complex that is required for transcription of ribosomal DNA and for processing of 18 S rRNA. We show that zebrafish Bap28 likewise is required for rRNA transcription and processing, with a major effect on 18 S rRNA maturation. We suggest that bap28 is required for cell survival in the CNS through its role in rRNA synthesis and processing. Inhibition of p53 protein expression in bap28 mutants led to embryos with morphologically normal appearance, suggesting that p53 is involved in triggering apoptosis in the bap28 mutant CNS. The bap28 mutation provides a genetic approach to study the role of ribosome biogenesis in the development of a vertebrate embryo.
Intravenous diuretic and vasodilator therapy reduce plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background and objective: Plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are elevated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and high plasma BNP levels are associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a diuretic and a vasodilator on plasma BNP levels and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).
Superconducting and resistive tilted coil magnets for generation of high and uniform transverse magnetic field

Mathematical foundation is laid for a relatively new type of magnets generating uniform transverse magnetic field-tilted coil magnets. These consist of concentric nested coils with elliptical turns tilted at a certain angle to the central axis and current flowing in opposite directions in the coils tilted at opposite angles, generating a perfectly uniform transverse field. Both superconducting wire-wound and resistive Bitter tilted coils are discussed. An original analytical method is used to prove that the wire-wound tilted coils have the ideal distribution of the axial current density-"cosine-theta". To program coil fabrication tooling, a parametric description of the helical path of the conductor within a tilted coil is given. Magnetic fields are calculated for a tilted Bitter coil magnet using an original exact solution for current density in an elliptical Bitter disk.
Interrelations between motivational stance, cortical excitability, and the frontal electroencephalogram asymmetry of emotion: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Several electrophysiological studies have provided evidence for the frontal asymmetry of emotion. In this model the motivation to approach is lateralized to the left, whereas the motivation to avoidance is lateralized to the right hemisphere. The aim of the present experiment was to seek evidence for this model by relating electrophysiological and phenomenological indices of frontal asymmetry to a direct measure of cortical excitability. Frontal asymmetrical resting states of the electroencephalogram and motivational tendencies indexed by the Carver and White questionnaire were compared with neural excitability of the left and right primary motor cortex as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 24 young healthy right‐handed volunteers. In agreement with the model of frontal asymmetry, predominant left over right frontal cortical excitability was associated with enhanced emotional approach relative to emotional avoidance. Moreover, the asymmetries of brain excitability and approach–avoidance motivational predispositions were both reflected by frontal beta (13–30 Hz) electroencephalogram asymmetries. In conclusion, the currently demonstrated interconnections between cortical excitability, electrophysiological activity, and self‐reported emotional tendencies for approach or avoidance support the frontal asymmetry of emotion model and provide novel insights into its biological underpinnings. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between malaria parasites infecting the same vertebrate host

SUMMARY Several species of malarial protozoans commonly parasitize the same host population and often the same individual host. This paper reviews the evidence for interactions among such host-sharing parasites. Field studies measuring the cross-sectional prevalence of malarial species often record fewer mixed infections than expected by chance, suggesting that one parasite has excluded another or suppressed its parasitaemia to undetectable levels. Prevalences may vary reciprocally between seasons, with one species increasing in prevalence while another decreases, despite parallel increases in the transmission rates of both, again suggesting suppression of one species by another. However, longitudinal studies of individual hosts indicate that malarial parasites may also favourably affect the host environment for each other, perhaps due to their depressive effect on the immune system: this is shown by the recrudescence of a latent malarial species immediately before or after the parasitic wave of another species. The suppression hypothesis is supported by data derived from the simultaneous inoculation of two Plasmodium species into laboratory animals; many studies have shown that one or both species are suppressed. This may be mediated by competition for host cells or nutrients, or by heterologous immunity. However, the suppressed species rebounds after the other species has abated, and may show a prolonged infection. Experimental evidence that one species can facilitate the recrudescence of another is minimal, but this may reflect the paucity of investigations of this phenomenon. Laboratory studies show only minor cross-resistance between host-sharing species, which is consistent with the hypothesis that their co-occurrence has led to antigenic divergence or that species showing strong heterologous resistance cannot co-exist in the same host population. Such complementarity occurs not only with the host immune response but also with many other life-history characteristics of host-sharing parasites, such as host cell preference. I conclude that malarial species have been important in each other's evolution, particularly in the tropics where multi-species complexes are common.
Administrative Change in the EU: A Cross‐Country Empirical Study on the Contextual Determinants of NPM Reform Rhetoric

Framed within the paradigm of New Public Management (NPM), structural reforms in the EU aimed at modernizing the public administrations of Member States (MSs) have long since been a priority area of the EU's economic policy. Since the 1990s, these reforms have been sharply intensified across European countries with the declared purpose of enhancing economy, efficiency and effectiveness in their national public sectors’ organizations. In line with the European Commission's recent research initiatives in search for novel quantitative data on NPM in the EU, this paper studies European parties’ NPM reform rhetoric. More specifically, it investigates the MSs’ institutional, economic and political context within which parties have declared their intention of reforming national administrative systems. Thus, it sheds light on the MSs’ domestic factors that are associated with the diffusion of the NPM values across the political discourse of EU's national parties.
Does government ownership affect corporate governance and corporate disclosure?: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Purpose This paper aims to examine the moderating effect of government ownership (GO) on the association between corporate governance (CG) and voluntary disclosure (VD). Design/methodology/approach This study used multivariate analysis to examine the moderating variable. Findings GO has a moderating negative effect on the association between CG factors [e.g. board size, non-executive directors (NEDs)] and VD, which indicates that GO plays a negative role in the effectiveness of CG. The study also found that audit quality is not affected by the influence of GO, indicating that companies without GO are better than companies with GO in terms of applying the best practices of CG to provide sufficient and high-quality disclosure. Originality/value This study has important implications for governments to be more effective in implementing the best practices of CG. Additionally, the findings could have implications for authority regulators, policy makers and shareholders to require effective implications for CG to reduce the effects of GO the implementation of best CG practices and the disclosure of quality information.
TRPV3 Channel Negatively Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Safeguards the Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have tremendous potential for research and future therapeutic purposes. However, the calcium handling mechanism in ESCs is not fully elucidated. Aims of this study are (1) to investigate if transient receptor potential vanilloid‐3 (TRPV3) channels are present in mouse ESCs (mESCs) and their subcellular localization; (2) to investigate the role of TRPV3 in maintaining the characteristics of mESCs. Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that TRPV3 was present at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of mESCs. Calcium imaging showed that, in the absence of extracellular calcium, TRPV3 activators camphor and 6‐tert‐butyl‐m‐cresol increased the cytosolic calcium. However, depleting the ER store in advance of activator addition abolished the calcium increase, suggesting that TRPV3 released calcium from the ER. To dissect the functional role of TRPV3, TRPV3 was activated and mESC proliferation was measured by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. The results showed that TRPV3 activation led to a decrease in mESC proliferation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that TRPV3 activation increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase; consistently, Western blot also revealed a concomitant increase in the expression of inactive form of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1, suggesting that TRPV3 activation arrested mESCs at G2/M phase. TRPV3 activation did not alter the expression of pluripotency markers Oct‐4, Klf4 and c‐Myc, suggesting that the pluripotency was preserved. Our study is the first study to show the presence of TRPV3 at ER. Our study also reveals the novel role of TRPV3 in controlling the cell cycle and preserving the pluripotency of ESCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 403–413, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sufentanil administration guided by surgical pleth index vs standard practice during sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND Evaluation of analgesia and antinociception during anaesthesia is still a challenging issue and routinely based on indirect and non-specific signs such as movement, tachycardia, or lacrimation. Recently, the surgical pleth index (SPI) derived by finger plethysmography was introduced to detect nociceptive stimulation during anaesthesia. While SPI guidance reduced the number of unwanted events during total i.v. anaesthesia (TIVA), the impact of SPI during volatile-based anaesthesia with intermittent opioid administration has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Ninety-four patients were randomized into either SPI-guided analgesia or standard practice (Control). In both groups, anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane to keep bispectral index values between 40 and 60. In the SPI group, patients received a sufentanil bolus (10 μg) whenever SPI value increased above 50, whereas in the control group, sufentanil was administered according to standard clinical practice. The number of unwanted somatic events, haemodynamics, sufentanil consumption, and recovery times were recorded. RESULTS The incidence of intraoperative unwanted somatic events was comparable between the groups (P=0.89). No significant differences with respect to hypotensive or hypertensive events were found. The mean (95% confidence interval) sufentanil consumption was non-significantly (P=0.07) reduced in the SPI group, 0.64 (0.57-0.71) vs 0.78 (0.64-0.91) µg min(-1). Recovery times were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Sufentanil administration guided by SPI during sevoflurane anaesthesia is clinically feasible. In contrast to TIVA, it did not improve anaesthesia conduct with respect to unwanted somatic events, haemodynamic stability, sufentanil consumption, emergence time, or post-anaesthesia care unit care. Therefore, we conclude that anaesthesia regimen has an impact on beneficial effects by SPI guidance. Clinical trial registration NCT01525537. (Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov.).
When the difference makes a difference – the regional embeddedness of entrepreneurship

Abstract Regional determinants of new firm formation are of interest to researchers and policymakers. In the analysis of new firm formation, most studies use econometric approaches that mask intra-unit variations, not recognizing counterbalancing and dilution effects as a result. Recent advances in spatial statistics such as Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) take local variations into account. However, these approaches operate only on a bivariate level, making it impossible to detect the homogenous parts of the area under examination with regard to a number of relationships between new firm formation and its determinants. Based on a sample of 412 German regions, we apply GWR and subsequent graph-partitioning clustering to identify multi-relationally homogeneous sub-areas. Being that the results suggest a four-cluster solution, ‘one size fits all’ policies and premature unit zoning can be called into question.
The Relation of Executive Functioning to CVLT-II Learning, Memory, and Process Indexes

Previous research has found that executive functioning plays a role in memory performance. This study sought to determine the amount of variance accounted for in the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) by a global executive-functioning factor score. Archival data were extracted from 285 outpatients in a mixed neurologic sample. Measures used included: CVLT-II, Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (Perseverative Errors), Trail-Making Test-Part B, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Animal Naming, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition Similarities. Executive data were reduced to a single executive-functioning factor score for each individual. Regression was used to determine the amount of variance accounted for by executive functioning in CVLT-II performance. Executive functioning accounted for minimal variance (0%–10%) in the following CVLT-II indexes: Total Learning (Trials 1–5), Semantic Clustering, Repetitions, Intrusions, and False Positives. However, executive functioning accounted for substantial variance (24%–31%) in CVLT-II performance for both Short- and Long-Delay Recall indexes and most discriminability indexes. CVLT-II indexes that would intuitively be associated with executive functioning accounted for a smaller-than-expected amount of variance. Additionally, level of executive functioning was related to level of CVLT-II performance. These results suggest that clinicians should consider executive deficits when interpreting mild-to-moderate memory impairments in recall and discriminability functions but that executive abilities have little effect on other aspects of memory.
A Systematic Review of the Causes and Management of Ischaemic Stroke Caused by Nontissue Emboli

Introduction The inadvertent or purposeful introduction of foreign bodies or substances can lead to cerebral infarction if they embolize to the brain. Individual reports of these events are uncommon but may increase with the increased occurrences of their risk factors, for example, intra-arterial procedures. Method We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for articles on embolic stroke of nontissue origin. 1889 articles were identified and screened and 216 articles were ultimately reviewed in full text and included in qualitative analysis. Articles deemed relevant were assessed by a second reviewer to confirm compatibility with the inclusion criteria. References of included articles were reviewed for relevant publications. We categorized the pathology of the emboli into the following groups: air embolism (141 reports), other arterial gas embolisms (49 reports), missiles and foreign bodies (16 reports), and others, including drug embolism, cotton wool, and vascular sclerosant agents. Conclusion Air and gaseous embolism are becoming more common with increased use of interventional medical procedures and increased popularity of sports such as diving. There is increasing evidence for the use of hyperbaric oxygen for such events. Causes of solid emboli are diverse. More commonly reported causes include bullets, missiles, and substances used in medical procedures.
The distribution of visceral primary afferents from the pelvic nerve to Lissauer's tract and the spinal gray matter and its relationship to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus

The central distribution of visceral primary afferent fibers from the pelvic nerve of the cat and the relationship of these fibers to preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic neurons (SPN) have been studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the cut pelvic nerve was detected ipsilaterally in preganglionic neurons and dorsal root ganglion cells (segments S1–S3), and in central afferent projections to Lissauer's tract (LT), the dorsal columns, the dorsolateral funiculus, and spinal gray matter. The afferent projections were strongest in the region of the SPN (S1–S3) but extended far beyond its limits (e.g., LT was labeled from L4 to Cx7). In the transverse plane, collateral fiber bundles formed a thin shell around the dorsal horn predominantly within lamina I and expanded into terminal fields in the gray matter. The more prominent lateral collateral projection (LCP) extended into laminae V and VI, whereas the medial one (MCP) ended in the dorsal commissure. In longitudinal planes these projections exhibited a periodicity with an interval of approximately 200 μm. The distribution of afferent collateral projections overlaps the regions where many preganglionic neurons and their dendritic extensions are located, and also areas known to contain interneurons involved in visceral pathways. A differential distribution of afferents within the SPN was noted where a higher intensity was observed in proximity to those neurons located in laminae V and VI, which innervate the colon, and a lower intensity near neurons located in lamina VII which innervate the bladder. This is consistent with the known spinal control of colon reflexes and the supraspinal control of bladder reflexes. The widespread rostrocaudal extent of the pelvic primary afferent projection is consistent with the necessity for the integration of somatic and autonomatic elements from various levels of the lumbo‐sacral‐coccygeal spinal cord in the performance of pelvic visceral functions.
The Inflation Process

This paper documents three major and favourable inflation dynamics in emerging market economies (EMEs). First, the level of inflation has moderated in EMEs and has been broadly stable since the early 2000s. Second, inflation persistence has declined over the past decade. Third, EME exchange rate pass-through, both short-term and long-term, has also declined after the financial crisis. In addition, the paper shows that the role of global factors on inflation is larger for EMEs that are more open to trade.Full Publication: Inflation Mechanisms, Expectations and Monetary Policy