Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in selected biomarkers of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to chemical additives effluent

The toxicity of Sublethal concentrations of chemical additives effluents were investigated on African catfish Clarias gariepinus using a renewable static bioassay. The trend of bioconcentration of metals in the gut, liver, gills and kidney of the test organisms differs significantly (p < 0.05) and it followed the order, liver> gill >gut > muscle. The result revealed that the liver had Ni concentration of 0.0046 mg/L and 16.1208 mg/L of magnesium as the highest. In the muscle, Ni was not bioaccumulated (0.0000 mg/L) while the highest magnesium concentration of 10.7345 mg/L was recorded. The gill had the least concentration of 0.0010 mg/L for Cu while the highest concentration recorded for Mg was 12.6797 mg/L. The gut had Mn concentration of 0.0401 mg/L and Mg concentration of 14.5001mg/L. It was revealed that fish can bioaccumulate heavy metals from a polluted environment, which may result in reduction or impairment of natural population size and could be a risk to consumers. Consumption of fish from polluted environment should be discouraged.
How the EU Single Farm Payment should be modelled: lump-sum transfers, area payments or… what else?

The 2003 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform radically changes the way the European Union (EU) supports its agricultural sector by decoupling direct payments. Production is no longer required to get the payment attached to Single Farm Payment (SFP) entitlements. However, the new scheme maintains a specific link between payments and hectares; in addition, SFP entitlements can be exchanged among farmers. These features question the way SFP entitlements should be regarded, hence modelled, i.e., as lump-sum transfers, area payments or… something else. We develop a microeconomic analytical framework which shows that the answer crucially depends on the total number of entitlements which are initially made available relative to the number of hectares, more specifically the number of cultivated hectares in a zero support regime, the number of cultivated hectares in a policy support regime trough per-hectare direct aids, and the number of cultivated or idled hectares in a policy regime where support is granted through direct aids per hectare and production is not required.
The Impacts of Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Equity in the Context of Social Media

Social media has become the driving force which transforms the web into an interactive information andcommunications technology device. Social media has a significant role in influencing customer’s choice inselecting products and services based on the customers’ feedbacks that appeared in the weblogs, web sites,online boards and other kinds of user-generated content (Raman, 2009). It is indeed important to remember thatbrand equity is no longer valued by large sums of money that companies invest; instead customers are dictatingthe value of brand equity by what they are saying to each other. Therefore, this study will focus on evaluating theroles of various brand equity constructs (including brand loyalty, brand association, brand awareness and brandimage) in mediating the interrelation among electronic word of mouth and the dimensions of brand equity in thecontext of social media. There were total of 300 usable questionnaires were collected in this research. Thefinding revealed that there is an indirect inter-relationship between electronic word of mouth and the dimensionof brand equity, mediated by the respective various brand equity constructs.
The role of public insight in urban planning process: Increasing efficiency and effectiveness

Public interest (citizens, investors, interest groups, NGOs, media and similar) in the urban planning process and proposed planning solutions, certainly is not negligible, however, according to the opinion of the professional public, it has often been wrongly directed and conducted. The legal basis, which in rudimentary outlines prescribes the procedure of the public insight/hearing, i.e. the presentation of the planning document, does not provide sufficient input, however, also does not prevent organization of more qualitative and productive communication with the interested individuals, not only at the very finalization of plan development, but also at the initial phases of the initiative for decision making or forming the conceptual solution. In order to better comprehend the real needs of the citizens, urban planners should much earlier than the public insight i.e. presentation of already formed solutions, get in touch with citizens, interview them, organize workshops, insights and meetings on specific topics, trying to explain the planning procedures, standards and norms, as well as to present all that which is required in order to raise the quality of life in the neighborhood and provide some level of public interest and good, and thus increase the value of real estate. On the other hand, the citizens knowing their living environment the best should participate more actively in its creation, by indicating to the problems and needs, reacting to certain topics and thus assisting the professionals in shaping and committing their planning solutions. To that respect this paper provides certain recommendations, based on international experience, by implementation of which the satisfactory level of democracy (more transparency, inclusivity and effectiveness) of the procedure should be provided in Serbia as well.
Towards an Agent-Based design for the management of Urban Wastewater Systems

Urban Wastewater Systems (UWS) have an important role in nowadays growing and urbanized areas. The management of the water and wastewater cycle in these areas is complex since wastewater sources are both heterogeneous and rapidly changing. Moreover, it implies to deal with different spatial and temporal references and to adapt to the changing conditions that might appear in both natural and urban environments. New paradigms are required to be undertaken when designing and modelling this complex dynamic system, since the need to communicate the embedded elements is essential for an efficient and effective management and a better understanding of the UWS. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are systems composed of several software agents that collectively are capable of reaching goals that are difficult to achieve by individuals. The concept of MAS shapes an important step towards the possibility to design the system to reach decisions in a more collaboratively and integrated way. The paper proposes a primary but consistent design of UWS using an agent-oriented methodology (GAIA). The agents in the UWS are designed in terms of the roles they can perform, so the activities and protocols they act upon, which finally depict a detailed description of the relations in between them. A general hierarchy between the agents is also given (e.g. the acquaintance model). Therefore, the agent-oriented design enables to depict both micro and macro level design of the UWS management.
Ammonium and nitrate in soil and upland rice yield as affected by cover crops and their desiccation time

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and their desiccation times on upland rice yield and on the levels of nitrate and ammonium in a no-tillage soil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks, with split plots and three replicates. Cover crops (plots) were sowed in the off-season (March 2009). In November 2009, at 30, 20, 10 and 0 days before rice sowing (split plots), herbicide was applied on the cover crops (fallow, Panicum maximum, Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha and millet). Straw and soil were sampled (0 - 10 cm) at the sowing day, and after 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Straws from millet and fallow were degraded more rapidly and provided the lowest level of nitrate in the soil. Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha and P. maximum produced higher amounts of dry matter, and provided the highest levels of nitrate in the soil. Millet provides the lowest nitrate/ammonium ratio and the highest upland rice yield. Desiccations carried out at 30 and 20 days before sowing had the largest levels of nitrate in the soil at the sowing date. Nitrogen content and forms in the soil are affected by cover crops and their desiccation times.
LEAD, CADMIUM AND COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN LEAVES OF Nerium oleander L. AND Robinia pseudoacacia L. AS BIOMONITORS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants collected from industrial areas in Gaziantep-Turkey were examined for biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Pb levels in the leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. collected at a distance of 50 m from the battery plant were observed to be 2820 and 1860 mg kg -1 , respectively. The Pb, Cd, and Cu concentrations in the soils studied were in the range of 17-602, 0.142-0.656 and 12-38 mg kg -1 , respectively. Lead concentrations described above for plant leaves were found to be about 2000-fold higher than those in the same plants collected from the control area (1.0 mg Pb kg -1 for both plant species). Similarly, Cd levels in Robinia pseudoacacia L. collected from polluted area were observed to be about 40 times higher than those from control area. Consequently, it is observed that the leaves of Nerium oleander L. can be used for biomonitoring of Pb, and Robinia pseudoacacia L. for biomonitoring of both Pb and Cd pollution.
Residential Energy Consumption in Urban China

Residential energy consumption (REC) is the second largest energy use category (10%) in China and urban residents account for most of the REC. Understanding the underlying drivers of variations of urban REC thus helps to identify challenges and opportunities and provide advices for future policy measures. This paper applies the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to a decomposition of China’s urban REC during the period of 1998-2007 at disaggregated product/activity level using data collected from a wide range of sources. Our results have shown an extensive structure change towards a more energy-intensive household consumption structure as well as an intensive structure change towards high-quality and cleaner energy such as electricity, oil, and natural gas, which reflects a changing life style and consumption mode in pursuit of a higher level of comfort, convenience and environmental protection. We have also found that China’s price reforms in the energy sector have contributed to a reduction of REC while scale factors including increased urban population and income levels have played a key role in the rapid growth of REC. We suggest that further deregulation in energy prices and regulatory as well as voluntary energy efficiency and conservation policies in the residential sector should be promoted.
C O ] 2 2 O ct 2 01 7 Rainbow saturation of graphs

In this paper we study the following problem proposed by Barrus, Ferrara, Vandenbussche, and Wenger [1]. Given a graph H and an integer t, what is satt (n,R(H)), the minimum number of edges in a t-edge-coloured graph G on n vertices such that G does not contain a rainbow copy of H , but adding to G a new edge in any colour from {1, 2, . , t} creates a rainbow copy of H? Here, we completely characterize the growth rates of satt (n,R(H)) as a function of n, for any graph H belonging to a large class of connected graphs and for any t ≥ e(H). This classification includes all connected graphs of minimum degree 2. In particular, we prove that satt (n,R(Kr)) = Θ(n logn), for any r ≥ 3 and t ≥ (
Sr‐Nd‐Pb composition of Mesozoic Pacific oceanic crust (Site 1149 and 801, ODP Leg 185): Implications for alteration of ocean crust and the input into the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana subduction system

We report Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of sediments and variably altered igneous rocks from ODP Site 801 (Marianas) and ODP Site 1149 (Izu‐Bonin). These Sites provide the most complete drilled ocean crust sections located in front of the Mariana and Izu‐Bonin trenches and characterize the unmodified isotopic input into these subduction zones. The subducted ocean crust belongs to the oldest (130–167 Ma) in situ Pacific Ocean crust and thus has end‐member character with respect to alteration and sediment load. The lithostratigraphic division of sedimentary units at Site 1149 into clays, cherts, lower clays and carbonates with clay is reflected on isotope correlation diagrams. The Pb isotope data of the sediments show much greater variation than previously reported from this region. Particularly noteworthy are zeolite‐bearing clays and clay bearing carbonates from the lower Units that have Pb isotopic compositions identical to the Izu Volcanic Front. The basaltic basement samples display variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios at near constant 143Nd/144Nd ratios, indicating mixing with seawater derived Sr. Most basaltic samples from Site 1149 and 801 exhibit highly variable 206Pb/204Pb (17.88–20.00) at near constant 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios. Three samples from Site 801 display the most extreme 206Pb/204Pb (23.70–26.86) and 207Pb/204Pb (15.73–15.83) ratios ever measured in altered MORB reflecting an increase of 238U/204Pb ratios (μ), most likely through addition of seawater derived U. Initial Pb isotopes of most samples overlap with the age corrected field of the Pacific MORB source, thus the increase in μ took place shortly after formation of the crust in most samples. According to our new isotope data the radiogenic end‐member of the Izu arc volcanic rocks could either represent Pb from the lower sediment column released from the slab by delayed dewatering or an integrated slab fluid in which 90–95% of the Pb comes from the basaltic crust and 5–10% of the Pb from the sediments. The Pb isotope systematics of the Mariana arc output suggest two component mixing. Both components appear to be input derived with the radiogenic component represented by average Site 801 sediment and the unradiogenic component generated by mixing of ∼80% unaltered crust with ∼20% highly altered crust.
Particle processing on the gill plicae of the oyster Crassostrea gigas: fine-scale mucocyte distribution and functional correlates

In order to resolve outstanding problems in the understanding of mechanisms of parti- cle processing in the oyster gill, the technique of mucocyte mapping was used to quantify mucocyte types and fine-scale distributions on the frontal ciliated tracts of the ordinary filaments comprising the gill plicae. The frontal tracts were divided into 1 frontal median tract (FMT) and 2 frontal lateral tracts (FLT) per filament, based on relative cilia lengths. Mucocyte counts within each tract were per- formed on periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-alcian blue-stained histological sections under oil immersion, and densities were recorded per linear µm (l µm) of tract width, after evaluation of artefactual shrink- age for exact dimensions of tracts. Total mucocyte volumes were obtained using mean mucocyte vol- umes. Two types of mucocytes were most frequently observed: acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) containing mucocytes, and mixed (acid + neutral) mucopolysaccharide (MMPS) containing muco- cytes. Neutral mucopolysaccharide (NMPS) containing mucocytes were rare. The apical filaments contained over twice the mucocyte densities and total mucocyte volumes, compared to the lateral filaments of the plicae (p ≤ 0.001), indicating that the apical filaments are the principal particle processing site of the plicae. The lateral filaments may accomplish functions more related to the establishment of the plicae and ensuing consequences (hydrodynamic particle capture, physical sep- aration of the dorsal and ventral gill particle groove functions, and enlargement of filtering area). On the apical filaments, the FMT showed much greater AMPS containing mucocyte densities and total mucocyte volumes, compared to the FLT. This, together with the respective cilia length differences, indicates that the FMT is the principal particle transport tract. Such a specialization was not observed on the lateral filaments of the plicae, again supporting the conclusion that the apical filaments are the active site of particle processing on the plicae. FLT appear to be uninvolved in particle transport, and probably participate in the establishment and maintenance of the dorsalward current flow in the pallial cavity.
Description of Quantum Entanglement with Nilpotent Polynomials

We propose a general method for introducing extensive characteristics of quantum entanglement. The method relies on polynomials of nilpotent raising operators that create entangled states acting on a reference vacuum state. By introducing the notion of tanglemeter, the logarithm of the state vector represented in a special canonical form and expressed via polynomials of nilpotent variables, we show how this description provides a simple criterion for entanglement as well as a universal method for constructing the invariants characterizing entanglement. We compare the existing measures and classes of entanglement with those emerging from our approach. We derive the equation of motion for the tanglemeter and, in representative examples of up to four-qubit systems, show how the known classes appear in a natural way within our framework. We extend our approach to qutrits and higher-dimensional systems, and make contact with the recently introduced idea of generalized entanglement. Possible future developments and applications of the method are discussed.
A Comparison of Classical and Pulsating Jets in Crossflow at Various Strouhal Numbers

Investigation of the classical and pulsating jet in crossflow (JICF) at a low Reynolds number (Re = 100) has been performed by the LES method based on varied velocity ratios ( 1~4). Time-averaged particle trajectories are compared in the classical and pulsating JICF. The formation mechanism and the corresponding flow characteristics for the counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP) have been analyzed. An unexpected “vortex tail” has been found in the JICF at higher velocity ratio due to the enhanced interactions indicated by the increased jet momentum among the CRVP, upright vortices, and shear layers. The analysis of time-averaged longitudinal vorticity including a coupling mechanism between vortices has been performed. The returning streamlines appear in the pulsating JICF, and two extra converging points emerge near the nozzle of the jet at different Strouhal numbers. The temperature profiles based on the iso-surface for the classical and pulsating JICF have been obtained computationally and analyzed in detail.
The effect of dietary garlic powder and a low temperature on the physical quality of stored eggs

Eggs are a rich source of protein having, a primary advantage in satisfying human nutritional needs. However, the loss in egg quality within a short time during storage calls for more research to improve their condition following storage. This study investigated the potential of garlic powder as a feed supplement and low temperature in maintaining physical egg quality during storage. Seventy two thirty-week old hens of the Dekalb white strain were used in the study. Hens were divided into three dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design experiment. Three treatments were control (no garlic addition), 3%, and 5% garlic powder (GP) additions to a basal diet on a weight ratio basis. Birds were fed the experimental diets for seven weeks. Eggs (n = 108) were collected from days 43 to 45 of the trial and stored either at 8 ± 2 oC or 25 ± 2 oC for 21 days. Feeding GP in the hens’ diet improved Haugh unit value by 11.9 HU and albumen height by 1.4 mm when eggs were stored at 25 ± 2 oC. For eggs stored at a low temperature, GP supplementation had no affect on egg quality indicators. In comparison to values for fresh eggs, egg weight and albumen percentage were significantly reduced. An increase in yolk percentage was recorded in eggs stored at 25 ± 2 oC. Similarly, changes were marginal for eggs stored at a low temperature. This study indicated that both dietary garlic powder and low temperature significantly maintained albumen quality of eggs stored during summer. Keywords: Egg quality, garlic powder, layer hens, low temperature, storage
Summer Diet of Two White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus , Populations Living at Low and High Density in Southern Québec

We investigated summer diets of two White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) populations through rumen content analyses. Samples from 93 deer were collected in a low density, LD (1 deer/km 2 ) and a high density, HD (14 deer/km 2 ) area of southern Quebec during the growing seasons of 1997 and 1998. Availability of preferred forage in forests was greater in LD than in HD, whereas agriculture covered a larger proportion of the area in HD than LD. Rumen composition differed between the two populations. Deer from HD consumed less forbs and leaves of shrubs and trees than did LD deer, whereas they consumed more fruits, grasses and farm crops. The rarity in HD rumens of food items common in LD, as well as in many parts of the White-tailed Deer range (i.e., Lilliacae), indicated that deer could not compensate for the rarity of preferred forest forage by increasing foraging time and had to feed on cultivated crops. Rumen contents of LD deer had a higher level of cell solubles and lignin, which reflected their greater reliance on quality forage growing in forests. Feeding habits and forage quality can explain why deer body size decreased in HD between the 1970s and 1990s whereas LD deer remained large. Nous avons examine le regime alimentaire estival de deux populations de cerf de Virginie ( Odocoileus virginianus ) par l’analyse du contenu des rumens. Des echantillons ont ete preleves sur 93 cerfs provenant d’un secteur a faible densite de cerfs, LD, (1 cerf/km 2 ) et d’un secteur a haute densite, HD, (14 cerfs/km 2 ) du sud du Quebec durant la saison de croissance des vegetaux de 1997 et 1998. La disponibilite des aliments forestiers preferes des cerfs etait plus grande dans LD que dans HD alors que la proportion du territoire agricole etait superieure dans HD. La composition des rumens des cerfs de chacune des regions differait. Les cerfs de HD ont consomme de moins grandes proportions de plantes herbacees et de feuilles d’arbustes et d’arbres que ceux du secteur LD, mais de plus grandes proportions de fruits, de graminees et de plantes agricoles. La rarete dans les rumens du secteur HD d’aliments communs dans ceux du secteur LD et dans plusieurs autres regions de l’aire de repartition du cerf (e.g., Lilliacae), indique que les cerfs du secteur HD ne pouvaient compenser pour la rarete de leurs aliments preferes par un accroissement de la duree de la quete alimentaire, et qu’ils devaient consommer des plantes agricoles. Les cerfs de LD ont mange des aliments contenant plus de solubles cellulaires et de lignine que ceux de HD, ce qui reflete une consommation de plantes forestieres de bonne qualite. Le regime alimentaire et la qualite de la nourriture peuvent expliquer pourquoi la taille des cerfs de HD a diminue entre les annees 1970 et 1990 alors que celle des cerfs de LD est demeuree grande.