Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classifications and Applications of Physical Layer Security Techniques for Confidentiality: A Comprehensive Survey

Physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as a new concept and powerful alternative that can complement and may even replace encryption-based approaches, which entail many hurdles and practical problems for future wireless systems. The basic idea of PLS is to exploit the characteristics of the wireless channel and its impairments including noise, fading, interference, dispersion, diversity, etc. in order to ensure the ability of the intended user to successfully perform data decoding while preventing eavesdroppers from doing so. Thus, the main design goal of PLS is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper by using well-designed transmission schemes. In this survey, we propose a conceptual, generic, and expandable framework for classifying the existing PLS techniques against wireless passive eavesdropping. In this flexible framework, the security techniques that we comprehensively review in this treatise are divided into two primary approaches: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio-based approach and complexity-based approach. The first approach is classified into three major categories: first, secrecy channel codes-based schemes; second, security techniques based on channel adaptation; third, schemes based on injecting interfering artificial (noise/jamming) signals along with the transmitted information signals. The second approach (complexity-based), which is associated with the mechanisms of extracting secret sequences from the shared channel, is classified into two main categories based on which layer the secret sequence obtained by channel quantization is applied on. The techniques belonging to each one of these categories are divided and classified into three main signal domains: time, frequency and space. For each one of these domains, several examples are given and illustrated along with the review of the state-of-the-art security advances in each domain. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach alongside the lessons learned from existing research works are stated and discussed. The recent applications of PLS techniques to different emerging communication systems such as visible light communication, body area network, power line communication, Internet of Things, smart grid, mm-Wave, cognitive radio, vehicular ad-hoc network, unmanned aerial vehicle, ultra-wideband, device-to-device, radio-frequency identification, index modulation, and 5G non-orthogonal multiple access based-systems, are also reviewed and discussed. The paper is concluded with recommendations and future research directions for designing robust, efficient and strong security methods for current and future wireless systems.
Multi-AGV Path Planning for Indoor Factory by Using Prioritized Planning and Improved Ant Algorithm

Multiple automated guided vehicle (multi-AGV) path planning in manufacturing workshops has always been technically difficult for industrial applications. This paper presents a multi-AGV path planning method based on prioritized planning and improved ant colony algorithms. Firstly, in dealing with the problem of path coordination between AGVs, an improved priority algorithm is introduced, where priority is assigned based on the remaining battery charge of the AGVs, which improves the power usage efficiency of the AGVs. Secondly, an improved ant colony algorithm (IAC) is proposed to calculate the optimal path for the AGVs. In the algorithm, a random amount of pheromone is distributed in the map and the amount of pheromone is updated according to a fitness value. As a result, the computational efficiency of the ant colony algorithm is improved. Moreover, a mutation operation is introduced to mutate the amount of pheromone in randomly selected locations of the map, by which the problem of local optimum is well overcome. Simulation results and a comparative analysis showed the validity of the proposed method.
Active Investing as a Negative Sum Game: A Critical Review

The literature on whether active management adds value is examined through the prism of the proposition by Sharpe (1991) that active investing is a negative sum game after costs. Focal points include how active fund research does not directly test Sharpe’s proposition and seems inconsistent with it acting as a constraint, and the gaps that may leave room for active managers to outperform. It is argued that greater attention needs to be paid to the importance of investor circumstances and market conditions for the active-passive choice, in particular the fee paid, investor objectives and asset category.
A Study of the Glass Ceiling and Strategies for Women's Career Advancement

A Study of Glass Ceiling and Strategies for Women's Career Advancement By Li-Yu Chen (Isabel) February, 2005 Analysis of existing literature indicates that women occupy approximately 50.5% of management positions in the United States. However, despite the steady growth in the number of female managers; they were mostly working in businesses' lower level jobs. This study aimed to explore which of five strategies had most positively affected women's career advancement into senior executive positions. The five specific strategies included in this study's survey built upon the existing literature which had found important strategies to be (a) Advanced Education and Training, (b) Internal Networking, (c) Career Tracking, (d) Formal Mentoring, and (e) Exceeding Performance Expectations. This study was conducted using a quantitative research design with an online survey tool. The 1 6th open-ended question used in this study identifying a new strategy "Opportunity Seeking", which was addressed in the quantitative research questions provided depth of the information the researcher collected. It used a convenience sampling of 500 women in leadership positions (fiom middle-level to top level management positions) who were also members of the Institute for Women's Leadership. The multiple regression methodology used in this study determined which strategies had most positively correlated and affected women's career advancement to senior executive positions. In addition, multiple regression analysis also explored the relationships between demographic variables and the women's promotion rates as well as the relationships between demographic variables and the most effective strategy. OneWay ANOVA analysis was also used to compare means in terms of the most effective strategy for different racial groups. A total of 108 survey responses returned were valid and completed. As a result of multiple regression analysis, Formal Mentoring was identified as the most effective promotional strategy. Additionally, there are statistically significant relationships between demographic variables and the Promotion Rate. Furthermore, there are also statistically significant relationships between demographic variables and the Formal Mentoring strategy. The results of One-Way ANOVA analysis indicated that different perceptions of the most effective promotional strategy did not exist among diverse racial groups. This study's findings provide valuable information for women aiming to break through the glass ceiling, and they contribute to women's career success opportunities. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Comparing GAAP With NIPA Earnings

The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis produces a measure of aggregate corporate profits (national income and product accounts [NIPA] earnings), which is an integral component of the accounting for gross domestic product (GDP). Interesting features of NIPA earnings include consistent accounting rules over time and determination with little or no managerial discretion. Thus, NIPA earnings provide a useful benchmark for generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) earnings, especially in parsing out the effects of real-economy versus the accounting in explaining the documented temporal increase in volatility and decline in persistence of GAAP earnings. We find that GAAP and NIPA earnings are closely related in the early years, with similar means and standard deviations, and with earnings changes correlating at . 90 during 1950-1983. This close relation substantially deteriorates, however, during the second half of the sample period, 1984-2016. Although the behavior of NIPA earnings remains roughly the same, the volatility of GAAP earnings increases 10-fold, and the correlation between GAAP and NIPA earnings changes falls to . 39. Additional tests reveal that the increase in the volatility of GAAP earnings is mostly due to rapid earnings reversals, especially the effect of large transient items during economic downturns. The frequency and severity of such downturns, however, are roughly the same across the two periods. In addition, there is little change in the properties of aggregate cash flow from operations and revenue over time. Overall, this evidence suggests that in addition to changes in the real economy, changing GAAP rules and their application are significant factors in the changing properties of GAAP earnings.
Seeking Alpha from Share Repurchases

We assess the announcement wealth effects and trading opportunities on the stocks of share repurchasing firms. We join the traditional CAR approach to estimating abnormal returns with the EVA style approach to investing. Our empirical results are robust and statistically significant for a sample of 1,540 share repurchases observed over the 18-year reporting period, 1997–2014. Our CAR and EVA style findings confirm both information signaling and the potential availability of alpha-generating trading opportunities on the stocks of share repurchasing firms. Our empirical insights are observed in the overall sample and across the EVA styles. The information signaling content of share repurchases is also observed for sub-periods before, during, and following the Global Financial Crisis. For active investors, we conclude that alpha returns may be available for investors by going long the stocks of share repurchasing firms at the time of the announcement and holding the position open for some 30 trading days thereafter (with caveats concerning the length of our default event trading window). A notable finding linked to EVA style is that alpha-generating returns were consistently available on the stocks of “wise” or cyclical restructuring firms. TOPICS: Analysis of individual factors/risk premia, factor-based models, style investing Key Findings • Our CAR and EVA-joined style findings on share repurchasing firms confirm both information signaling at time of announcement and the potential for alpha-generating trading returns thereafter. • For active investors, alpha-generating trading opportunities may be available by longing the stocks of share repurchasing firms at announcement and holding the position open for several days thereafter. • Based on EVA style classifications of value creators and value destroyers, we find that alpha-generating trading returns from share repurchases were consistently available on the stocks of “wise” or cyclical restructuring firms.
The Polish-Chinese Economic Intensification in the Context of Legal Education: Selected Aspects

The One Belt One Road initiative and overall intensification of Polish-Chinese trade relations need to be reflected in the field of legal education. For this reason, the paper compares the legal education systems in Poland and China, as well as it presents the main goals of the One Belt One Road project, summarizing the mutual business environments and describing the main challenges associated with them. The Authors also attempt to outline potential directions to be followed in legal education in the context of potential benefits to be derived from the initiative and propose possible solutions to achieve this aim.
The Effect of Corporate Income Tax on the Economic Growth Rates of the Canadian Provinces

This paper provides an empirical estimation of the effects of provincial corporate tax rates on economic growth using annual panel data from Canadian provinces over the period 1981-2016. Our empirical approach enables us to investigate the long-run relationship between provincial tax rates and economic growth by allowing short-run dynamics to vary across provinces. We find that a reduction in the provincial CIT rate has a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth rate. Based on our preferred specification of the econometric model, a one percentage-point reduction in a provincial governmentâ€™s statutory CIT rate increases the growth rate by 0.12 percentage points four years after the initial CIT rate cut and increases real per capita GDP by 1.2 per cent in the long run. The results are robust to various sensitivity checks. These results are consistent with the empirical estimates in our previous study of Ferede and Dahlby (2012), who used a different econometric methodology and sample period. They are also broadly consistent with the findings of recent empirical studies of the impact of corporate income taxes on the economic performance of U.S. states. In a companion communiquA©, we use the econometric results to estimate the increase in Albertaâ€™s growth rate from the Alberta governmentâ€™s announced reduction in the provincial CIT rate from 12 per cent in 2018 to eight per cent in 2022.
MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN GLOBAL DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

Professionalism is a performance quality and at the same time as a demand for professional behavior in carrying out their duties. Professionalism Teachers are workers who have a profession and are fully responsible, dedicated to work, therefore must uphold the professionalism of a teacher. Technology of Industrial Revolution 4.0. In this era began and was marked by the emergence of an experiment such as, Super Computers, Smart Robots, Genetic Editing, Vehicles without Drivers, and the development of neuro technology. The role of education is very important to produce teachers who have professionalism, human resources that have qualities that are able to compete with other countries. In order to face this industrial revolution 4.0. There are still many obstacles that are not fulfilled by all qualified human resources, who are able to adapt to the challenges of the times in meeting the needs of the industrial revolution 4.0.
Heterogeneity and netting efficiency under central clearing: A stochastic network analysis

This paper examines the effect of heterogeneity in exposures between banks on the netting efficiency under central clearing. Our network model specifies the prenetted interbank exposures as a joint stochastic process that shapes cross-correlation of asymmetric distributions. Employing OTC derivatives market data provided by the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, we analyze how the correlation between interbank exposure distributions and the dispersion in bank sizes affect multilateral netting efficiency in the presence of a central clearing counterparty across various bank-specific resiliency and volatility parameters. Our simulation results indicate that the multilateral netting benefit under central clearing outweighs the bilateral reduction of expected exposures within an environment of systemic homogeneity in the distributions of interbank exposure dynamics. Furthermore, we find that policymakers should incentivize individual banks to enhance the resiliency and stability of their management of interbank exposures in a less homogeneous way.
If It Works, I like It: Consumer Acceptance of Food-Related Nudging

Abstract The aim of the current study is to investigate factors that influence consumer acceptance of food-related nudging. Previous studies indicate that perceived effectiveness may positively influence acceptance of nudging, while limited freedom of choice may reduce acceptance. On this basis, acceptance, perceived effectiveness and perceived limited freedom of choice were measured for 11 different food-related nudges in a national representative sample of 455 adults. Five of the nudges were variations of placement alteration, while six were variations of informational labeling. Perceived effectiveness was identified as a significant positive predictor for acceptance of all of the investigated nudges (p < 0.001), while perceived limited freedom of choice decreased acceptance of all investigated nudges (p ≤ 0.02). Perceived effectiveness was the strongest predictor for acceptance of all types of nudges (β-values from 0.55 to 0.75), yet perceived limited freedom of choice was also a significant factor (β-values from −0.07 to −0.23).
The triple helix system and regional entrepreneurship in China

ABSTRACT The paper examines the influence of the Triple Helix system of university-industry-government collaboration on regional entrepreneurship in China. Utilizing proprietary survey data collected from industrial firms, academic institutions, and government agencies in five representative Chinese regions, the paper finds that interactions within the three spheres of the Triple Helix system in terms of trilateral collaboration, network relationship, and complementary synergies all have positive influences on regional entrepreneurship in China by shaping local entrepreneurial environment and fostering entrepreneurship activities. The paper also reveals significant regional differences in the functioning of the Triple Helix system. Specifically, the roles of trilateral collaboration and network relationship are more salient in developing regions, while complementary synergies are more effective in developed regions. This study contributes to the burgeoning literature on national and regional innovation systems by emphasizing the multifaceted effect of university-industry-government collaboration on promoting regional entrepreneurship. It also highlights the role of regional institutional context in affecting innovation and entrepreneurship processes.
The Demand of Urban Consumers for Safe Pork in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

This study applied the contingent valuation method to analyze the consumersâ€™ demand for the proposed safe pork. The data was collected by face-to-face interviewing 884 urban households in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The results revealed that the majority of consumers (about 64%) paid attention to the proposed safe pork. Their willingness to pay was about VND 176,000 ($ 7.65) per kg, nearly double compared to the market price of conventional pork. The results showed that the respondents who had higher household income, larger proportion of elderly and children in the family, paid higher price of a conventional pork, and get more knowledge score on the safe pork are more likely, while the respondents who have more number of family members are less likely to pay for the proposed safe pork.
An examination of Historically Black Colleges And Universities’ (HBCU) intercollegiate athletic directors’ utilization and effectiveness of resources to foster student-athlete academic success: a comparative case study analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between athletic directors from Historically Black Colleges and Universities and how they differ in utilization of resources to foster positive academic outcomes within their athletic departments. The primary goal of this study is to make recommendations for Historically Black Colleges and Universities and the National Collegiate Athletic Association leadership facing similar issues with limited resources and poor academic ratings within their athletic departments. This study sought to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the perception of the utilization of resources at Historically Black College and Universities for Athletic Directors? 2. What are the beliefs and attitudes of Historically Black Colleges and University Athletic Directors Athletic Directors towards academic success? This qualitative analysis was conducted applying within-case and cross-case analyses, as well as with the ATLAS.ti 8 software. From this analysis three themes emerged. First, there are acknowledgements of resource dipartites. Second, influences of Revenue/Funding were a
Civil Conflict and Human Capital Accumulation:The Long Term Effects of Political Violence in Perú

This paper provides empirical evidence of the long- and short-term effects of political violence exposure on human capital accumulation. Using a novel data set that registers all the violent acts and fatalities during the Peruvian civil conflict, I exploit the variation in war location and birth cohorts of children to identify the effect of the civil war on educational attainment. The results show that, conditional on being exposed to violence, the average person accumulates about 0.21 less years of education as an adult. In the short-term, the effects are stronger than in the long run. Further, children are able to catch-up if they experience violence once they have already started their schooling cycle, while if they are affected earlier in life the effect persists in the long run. I explore the potential causal mechanisms, finding that supply shocks delay entrance to school but don't cause lower educational achievement in the long-run. On the demand side, suggestive evidence shows that the effect on mother's health status and the subsequent effect on child health is what drives the long-run results.
Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics Why is there a secular decline in idiosyncratic risk in the 2000s?

Except for relatively short but intense episodes of high market risk, average idiosyncratic risk (IR) falls steadily after 2000 until almost the end of our sample period in 2017. The decrease has been such that from 2012 to 2017 average IR was lower than any time since 1965. The secular decline can be explained by the fact that U.S. publicly listed firms have become larger, older, and their stock more liquid. The same changes that bring about historically low IR lead to increasingly high market-model R-squareds.
Refugee education

The recent refugee crisis has put many OECD countries under considerable pressure to accommodate and integrate large numbers of refugees. Refugee students are a particularly vulnerable group due to their forced displacement, but their needs are not always met by education systems, which can hinder the integration potential of these students. This poses considerable challenges as the integration of refugee students in education systems is important for their academic outcomes as well as their social and emotional well-being. The success (or lack of) integration in schools can also affect the future labour market and social integration potential of these children and youth. While there is a growing body of research on the integration of immigrants, policy-relevant research on refugee children and youth from an educational perspective is rather limited, fragmented and case specific. Detailed surveys and research projects focusing on the current wave of refugees that allow for cross-country comparisons are not yet available. Drawing on research from previous refugee waves, the paper examines key needs of refugee students and factors that promote their integration. It proposes a holistic model of integration in education that responds to the learning, social and emotional needs of refugee students. Furthermore, the paper examines what type of policies and practices are in place in OECD countries that support the integration of refugee students. Nonetheless, evaluations of practices and policies are often missing, which makes it difficult to assess whether they are successful. The paper finishes with some policy pointers on how to promote the integration of refugee students.