Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A P ] 5 N ov 2 01 9 GLOBAL EXISTENCE OF STRONG SOLUTIONS TO A BIOLOGICAL NETWORK FORMULATION MODEL IN 2 + 1 DIMENSIONS

In this paper we study the initial boundary value problem for the system −div [ (I +mm )∇p ] = s(x), mt −α ∆m+ |m|m = βm · ∇p∇p in two space dimensions. This problem has been proposed as a continuum model for biological transportation networks. The mathematical challenge is due to the presence of cubic nonlinearities, also known as trilinear forms, in the system. We obtain a weak solution (m, p) with both |∇p| and |∇m| being bounded. The result immediately triggers a bootstrap argument which can yield higher regularity for the weak solution. This is achieved by deriving an equation for ( (I +mm )∇p · ∇p j , j ≥ 1, and then suitably applying the De Giorge iteration method to the equation.
Re–Pt–Os Isotopic and Highly Siderophile Element Behavior in Oceanic and Continental Mantle Tectonites

Tectonically emplaced mantle rocks, such as ophiolites, abyssal peridotites, and orogenic peridotite massifs, provide a principle constraint on the composition of and processes in the Earth’s upper mantle (Bodinier and Godard 2003). In the past, these ‘mantle tectonites’ have sometimes received different names because their history and origin has been unclear. Mantle tectonites are now understood to reflect a range of geologic environments regarding their emplacement and their origin (e.g., Dilek and Furnes 2014). The advantage of these rocks compared to mantle xenoliths is the large-scale exposure of textural and compositional relations between different rock types that can be used to identify processes such as melting, magma or fluid transport, chemical reactions, mixing or deformation at a range of spatial scales. A disadvantage of most mantle tectonites is that they commonly display substantial chemical modification of some elements, resulting from widespread serpentinization at low temperatures. In some cases, this may also affect abundances of several of the highly siderophile elements (HSE: Re, Au, PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd), however, this can be tested by comparison with unaltered rocks of similar composition. As is discussed in Luguet and Reisberg (2016, this volume), Harvey et al. (2016, this volume) and Aulbach et al. (2016, this volume), peridotite xenoliths have their own alteration issues regarding sulfides and chalcophile elements. Numerous studies have obtained Os isotope and/or highly siderophile element abundance data on many different types of mantle tectonites. Some of these studies have focused on large-scale chemical and isotopic variations, others on grain size-scale compositional variations to understand small-scale distribution processes. These studies have, together, significantly advanced the understanding of the processes that fractionate the HSE in the mantle at different spatial scales and have provided insights into the behavior of sulfide in the mantle—the phase that typically …
Motion Correction for MR Cystography by an Image Processing Approach

This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Abstract—Magnetic resonance (MR) cystography or MR-based virtual cystoscopy is a promising new technology to evaluate the entire bladder in a fully non-invasive manner. It requires the anatomical bladder images be acquired at high spatial resolution and with adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This often leads to a long-time scan (> 5 minutes) and results in image artifacts due to involuntary bladder motion and deformation. In this paper, we investigated an image-processing approach to mitigate the problem of motion and deformation. Instead of a traditional single long-time scan, six repeated short-time scans (each of approximately 1 minute) were acquired for the purpose of shifting bladder motion from intra-scan into inter-scans. Then the inter-scan motions were addressed by registering the short-time scans to a selected reference and finally forming a single average motion-corrected image. To evaluate the presented approach, three types of images were generated: (1) the motion-corrected image by registration and average of the short-time scans; (2) the directly-averaged image of the short-time scans (without motion correction); and (3) the single image of the corresponding long-time scan. Six experts were asked to blindly score these images in terms of two important aspects: (i) the definition of the bladder wall and (ii) the overall expression on the image quality. Statistical analysis on the scores suggested that the best result in both the aspects is achieved by the presented motion-corrected average. Furthermore the superiority of the motion-corrected average over the other two is statistically significant by the measure of a linear mixed-effect model with p-values<0.05. Our findings may facilitate the detection of bladder abnormality in MR cystography by mitigating the motion challenge. The effectiveness of this approach depends on the noise level of acquired short-time scans and the robustness of image registration and future effort on these two aspects is needed.
Cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality in patients with metal-on-metal hip replacements in Finland A population-based study with a mean follow-up of 4.6 (1–11) years

1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Surgical Hospital, Turku University Hospital, Turku; 2Hjelt Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki; 3Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere; 4Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Peijas Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki; 5School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere and the Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland. Correspondence: keijo.makela@tyks.fi Submitted 13-07-24. Accepted 13-11-11
Metabolizable Energy and Chemical Composition

Poultry by-product meal (PBPM) is a valuable animal protein source in poultry rations. Although PBPM primarily considered as a source of protein, it also contains substantial quantities of energy, calcium, highly available phosphorus and essential fatty acids (Kristein, 2005; Dozier, 2000; Waldroup and Adams, 1994; Sell and Jeffry, 1996; Waldroup, 1999). Protein, ash and fat contents, protein quality and amino acid digestibility of PBPM can vary greatly depending on processing system (extraction by pressure or by organic solvents), processing temperature and duration and raw material sources (Johnson and Parsons, 1997; Parsons et al. 1997; Wang and Parsons, 1998; Shirley and Parsons, 2000; Shirley and Parsons, 2001). Increasing in bone or ash content has been showed to have a negative effect on protein and energy concentrations (Dale, 1997; Mendez and Dale, 1998; Wang and Parson, 1998). The ME content and the nutrient digestibility of PBPM are affected by many factors such as origin, processing methods of the product, levels of feeding and methods for measuring digestibility (Johns et al. 1986; Ravindran and Bryden, 1999). While protein, moisture, fat and other components can be quickly ascertained by proximate analysis, metabolizable energy determination requires more elaborate assays. Although TMEn is a better indicator for energy requirements in poultry but because of some limitations on TMEn (such as inadequately that exist for the necessary information), AMEn has been accepted for poultry and is common now (Cole and Haresign, 1989; NRC, 1994; Sibbald, 1987; Wolynetz and sibbald, 1984). Pesti et al. (1986) reported a high negative correlation between AMEn and ash / calcium content and a high positive correlation between MEn and gross energy. Therefore, the aim of this This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and metabolizable energy of poultry byproduct meal (PBPM) from two slaughterhouses in Iran. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ash, ether extract and gross energy. The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, copper and Zinc were determined. The apparent metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (kcal/kg) (AMEn), true metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) (TME) and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (kcal/kg) (TMEn) were determined based on sibbald’s procedure. For this purpose, twelve 230-day old New Hampshire males were used. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) between kinds of metabolizable energies in samples. The standardized digestible amino acid content also determined. The highest and lowest amount belongs to leucine and tryptophan. Results from this study showed there is different between two samples of PBPM.
A survey of algebraic actions of the discrete Heisenberg group

The study of actions of countable groups by automorphisms of compact Abelian groups has recently undergone intensive development, revealing deep connections with operator algebras and other areas. The discrete Heisenberg group is the simplest non-commutative example, where dynamical phenomena related to its non-commutativity already illustrate many of these connections. The explicit structure of this group means that these phenomena have concrete descriptions, which are not only instances of the general theory but are also testing grounds for further work. This paper surveys what is known about such actions of the discrete Heisenberg group, providing numerous examples and emphasizing many of the open problems that remain. Bibliography: 71 titles.
Effect of eyestalk ablation on ovarian maturation and spawning in green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan 1844)

Effect of unilateral eyestalk ablation on ovarian maturation and spawning in Penaeus semisulcatus was studied in indoor cement tanks. Induction of maturation in ablated female shrimps was studied at two different light intensities with the experimental animals forming the following four groups: ablated shrimps maintained in tanks provided with shading (light intensity at 10 Lux) (T1), unablated females maintained in tanks with shading (T2), ablated shrimps in tanks with out shading (receiving light intensity at 400 Lux). (T3), and unablated females in tanks without shading (T4). Earliest spawning occurred on the 7, 14, 14, and 11th day in the treatment groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Ovarian maturation in ablated shrimps maintained in tanks receiving dim light was significantly (p<0.05) faster than that in the other treatments, and females in T1 spawned repeatedly. The number of spawnings per female was also significantly affected by treatments (p<0.05), the average number of spawnings per female was 1.88±0.08 for ablated animals receiving dim light (T1), 0.08± 0.01 for non–ablated animals exposed to dim lighting (T2), 0.21±0.02 for ablated shrimps receiving bright light (T3), and 0.02±0.00 for non-ablated animals receiving bright light (T4). Eyestalk ablation was found to have no significant effect on egg quantity/spawning, egg hatching rate and nauplii quantity (p＞0.05), while eyestalk ablated animals had significantly higher mortality rate (p< 0.05).
MichU DeptE ResSIE

This paper was prepared for the National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on International Aspects of Taxation to be held on February 24-4, 1989 in Nassau, Bahamas. I am grateful to David Hartman, other conference attendees, and to the participants at the NBER Summer Institute for valuable comments and suggestions. I also acknowledge the help of Leticia Fernandez and Ken Timbers in providing exceptionally able research assistance, and of Julian Alworth for graciously providing critical data. The Sumner and Laura Foster Library The University of Michigan
Race, Bureaucratic Discretion, and the Implementation of Welfare Reform

This paper explores the impact of the race of individual clients and of the local racial context on the implementation of sanctions for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in a Midwestern state. We find that although nonwhites are sanctioned at lower rates than whites overall, nonwhites are sanctioned more compared to whites in each local area. This paradox occurs because nonwhites tend to live in areas with lower sanction rates. Consistent with the literature on race and policy, we find that sanction rates increase as the nonwhite population increases until a threshold is reached where nonwhites gain political power.
G N ] 2 8 A ug 2 01 8 RELATED REFLECTIONS TO THE AXIOMS OF SEPARATION IN SEMIGROUPS WITH TOPOLOGIES AND SOME APPLICATIONS

In this paper we study the reflections of the category of topological and semitopological semigroups on the category of the class of topological spaces satisfying separation axioms T0, T1, T2, T3 and regular and we apply its properties for to find conditions under which a topological semigroup has the Souslin property. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 54B30, 18B30, 54D10; Secondary: 54H10, 22A30
The Absolute-Relative Deprivation Dichotomy in Estimating Variations in Reaction to Inequality: Comparing Antecedents of Collective Action among Disadvantaged Groups

The conceptualization of poverty lines has often relied on the absolute measure of deprivation. However, scholars have for long agreed that feelings of injustice accompanying experiences of deprivation becomes active when such experiences are negatively compared with similar others. This sort of analysis presumes that absolute deprivation itself is not a sufficient condition for frustration. This study compares the reaction of a sample of low income urban dwellers (n=383) on indices of absolute and relative deprivation to determine which measure better predicts respondents’ willingness to engage in collective action as a result of deprivation and actions they recently participated in. The results of the study showed that neither construct predicts willingness to embark on collective action or actual action. It was therefore recommended that Social Movement organizations willing to foster change should emphasize more on changing structural conditions and resources for mobilization rather than the victim’s feelings or experiences of deprivation.
Firms’ Earnings Smoothing, Corporate Social Responsibilities, and Valuation

Income smoothing via accounting discretion could improve or garble actual earnings information. Although managers prefer a less volatile earnings path and perceive lower risk for income smoothness, prior studies show that there is no discernible relation between smoothness and firm valuation. Recent literature documents that socially responsible firms behave differently from other firms in their earnings management and financial reporting. We conjecture that the reported earnings of smoothers that are socially responsible deviate less from their permanent earnings, thus their reported earnings are more value relevant. Our empirical tests show incomesmoothing firms with higher corporate social responsibility (CSR) experience higher contemporaneous earnings-return relationship, greater Tobin’s Q, and stronger current returnfuture earnings relationship. The results show that CSR is proved desirable as it adds a unique “quality dimension” to the smoothed earning and is useful for firm valuation.
Productivity dispersion and the roles of quality of labour input and competition: A case of Vietnamese manufacturing sector

This paper examines the roles of cost of labour input and competition on productivity dispersion in the Vietnamese manufacturing sector. We look at the effect accounting for labour input quality has on explaining productivity dispersion. This paper tests the hypothesis that mismeasurement of labour input may play a role in large productivity dispersion. We use the cost of labour input of firms as a proxy measure of labour input quality to examine whether incorporating this measure accounts for a part of the productivity dispersion. The paper also examines the role of competition in the extent of productivity dispersion.
Multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot assay to simultaneously detect 22 virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and are responsible for significant morbidity and health care costs worldwide. The main bacterial cause of uncomplicated UTI is Escherichia coli, which possesses numerous virulence factors (VFs). Many studies of the pathogenesis of E. coli UTI have centered on VF genes. Hence, the development of better molecular assays to study VF genes would facilitate these studies. We developed a highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay to simultaneously detect 22 VF genes of uropathogenic E. coli and then used it to characterize 180 isolates from nonpregnant women of child-bearing age with cystitis and 153 fecal isolates from similar-age healthy women, in regional New South Wales, Australia. The assay accurately identified all VF genes (of the 22 under study) known to be present in 30 previously characterized control strains. The detection limits were 28 ng of DNA from E. coli isolates and 50 CFU/ml in mock-infected urine specimens containing known concentrations of E. coli. Cystitis isolates (compared to the fecal isolates) showed a significantly higher prevalence of 18 individual VF genes and contained significantly more VF genes per isolate (median number, 18.5 versus 6.5 [P = 0.001]). Discordance between paired probes for a given VF gene occurred in several clinical test isolates but no reference strains and among the test isolates was associated with fecal source (10% of VF genes versus 2% for cystitis isolates [P < 0.001]). This novel mPCR/RLB method is a potentially powerful tool for investigating the prevalence and distribution of VFs in E. coli.
Finding the words for it: how alexithymia can account for apparent deficits in the ability of an ASD group to describe their emotional responses to music

It is common practice, when studying musically evoked emotions in listeners, to use a self-report format to measure their responses. This paper points out that the outcome of such studies will be affected by individual variability in participants’ ability to verbalize their emotions (type-II alexithymia). It presents results from new research, comparing a sample of high-functioning adults with ASD to a matched control group on their emotional responses to a set of musical items. The study, which included both self-report and physiological measures of emotional responsiveness to music, as well as a separate measure of type-II alexithymia, demonstrates that an apparent reduction in emotional responsiveness to music in the ASD group can be accounted for by the higher mean level of alexithymia in that group. The implication of this, that the ASD group is essentially unimpaired in emotional respononsiveness, is confirmed by the lack of group difference in the physiological responses to music. These findings suggest that future studies of musical emotions using self-report measures to compare groups whose mean alexithymia scores may differ, should not be interpreted as proving the existence of group differences in emotional responsiveness unless the alexithymia factor has also been taken into consideration.
Internationalization pathways of family SMEs: psychic distance as a focal point

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how psychic distance affects the internationalization process, foreign market entry (FME), and entry mode choice of Finnish small and medium‐sized family enterprises (family SMEs) operating in France.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports findings from an in‐depth case study covering four Finnish manufacturing family SMEs operating in the French market. The data were analyzed using the Uppsala model and distance creating and distance‐bridging factors encountered in the FME to France.Findings – The findings reveal that the family SMEs mainly followed a sequential process and favored indirect entry modes before entering the French market. The French market was psychically distant, but the case firms were able to overcome the distance by using different distance‐bridging factors. Based on the findings, it can be argued that psychic distance has an especially important role in the internationalization and the FME of family SMEs, mainly because of .
Business Plan: In or Out? A Holistic View of the Combination of Planning and Learning Processes when Evaluating Business Opportunities

Entrepreneurship is an important driver of innovation that is a critical factor to boost the competitiveness of modern economies. However, the rate of failure of start-ups tends to be quite significant. This chapter offers a new understanding of entrepreneurship inasmuch as a particular attention is given to different insights on the business plan in the creation of start-ups. In this context, we propose a broader understanding of the business plan integrating it in a holistic understanding of the business planning process. This investigation project results from the merits associated with the concomitant approach that combines planning and learning when creating new businesses. We support the adoption of this approach by developing a scheme that combines two processes that seem to be opposite. One focuses on the business planning and the other on the information collected from customers and other stakeholders. This scheme is likely to guide entrepreneurs and managers when they choose the concomitant approach that combines planning and learning over the other approaches previously studied. Furthermore, we also establish the foundation for future scientific research to develop a framework that can be used to help decrease the number of new businesses that do not survive in the market.
Effects of Relational Embeddedness and Innovative Opportunity on Intention to Cooperative Innovation

Based on the theory of social network, a theoretical model of the relationship between relational embeddedness, innovative opportunity and intention to cooperative innovation(ICI) was proposed. By using the data collected from 197 SMEs in Guangdong Province, the theoretical model is empirically tested. The results show that relational embeddedness has positive impacts on innovative opportunity and ICI; innovative opportunity has a positive impact on ICI and mediates the relationship between relational embeddedness and ICI.
The effect of Viscum album L. on annual diameter increment of Pinus nigra Arn.

In this study, the influence of infestation by mistletoe ( Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) on the annual diameter increment of Anatolian black pine ( Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) in Goksun district (Kahramanmaras province, Turkey), was investigated. Differences among annual diameter increment measured in nine growing years between 1992 and 2000 were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by the infestation of the mistletoe. The percent decrease in the annual diameter increment of infested trees ranged between 36 and 50% depending upon the years. In conclusion, the annual diameter increments of Anatolian black pine trees were reduced by about 41% within 9 years due to infestation by the mistletoe.