Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of pollutants on the antioxidant protection of species of the genus Tilia at different developmental stages

The influence of transport fumes and industrial waste on the activity of catalase, benzidine-peroxidase and guaiacol-peroxidase was studied in the dormant buds, leaves and seeds of the following species of the genus Tilia : T. platyphyllos Scop. , T. europaea L. , T. amurensis Rupr. and T. begoniifolia Stev. We tested the hypothesis that the action of pollutants changes the state of antioxidant protection at different stages of tree development in contaminated phytocenoses. An increase in catalase activity was observed in leaves of all linden species, and the action of transport fumes caused excess over control level by 118, 118, 196, and 61% respectively for T. platyphyllos , T. europaea , T. amurensis and T. begoniifolia . The action of industrial waste was accompanied by a slight decrease in catalase activity in T. europaea leaves, and increase in activity in leaves of T. amurensis and T. begoniifolia (143% and 115%). Benzidine-peroxidase activity increased due to the influence of transport fumes on leaves of T. amurensis and T. begoniifolia (103% and 44%), but decreased due to the effect of industrial waste on leaves of T. europaea , T. amurensis and T. begoniifolia (46%, 30%, and 44% respectively), and was suppressed in the seeds of T. europaea , T. amurensis and T. begoniifolia both under the influence of transport (42%, 47% and 33% below control) and industrial emissions (19%, 19% and 45%), and was reduced in buds of T. platyphyllos , T. europaea and T. amurensis due to the effect of transport fumes (21%, 9% and 20% respectively). Guaiacol-peroxidase activity decreased due to the influence of transport fumes in buds of T. platyphyllos , T. europaea and T. amurensis (41%, 14% and 47% below control), while it increased in the seeds of T. platyphyllos and T. amurensis (104% and 83%), as well as in leaves of T. amurensis and T. begoniifolia both due to the effect of transport (129% and 144%) and of industrial emissions (respectively, 34% and 40% above control). The substantial restructuring of the antioxidant system components in leaves, dormant buds and seeds confirms the hypothesis that metabolic processes in Tilia trees adapt throughout all stages of their development in response to the polluted conditions in urban phytocenoses.
Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

The aim of this work was to quantify the exposure of children to particle resuspension in school gyms. In fact, although moderate standard aerobic activity is suggested for good health, adverse health effects could affect people exercising in micro-environments with ambient pollution. Overall, 12 micro-environments were chosen and analyzed in a 3-month experimental campaign. The different fractions of particulate matter (PM) were measured by means of photometers, calibrated for the specific aerosols studied through gravimetric samplers, whereas particle number distributions in the 0.5–20 μm range were continuously measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) spectrometer. High PM concentration levels were measured in school gyms compared to outdoor values. The dominant source is the particle resuspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles (PM10–2.5) was found to be the most important, with the related emissions factors measured in the range of 1.5–8.9 mg/min. During school activities, under natural ventilation conditions, the average coarse particle concentrations at the 12 school gyms investigated were found to be 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) values. The key parameters are the number and intensity of the physical activities, which can be characterized by the total energy used by the students. Therefore, this study provides useful data on the exposure of students to airborne particles during periods of physical activity in gyms with natural ventilation.
A Developed Algorithm for Automating the Multiple Bands Multiple Endmember Selection of Hyperion data Applied on Central of Cairo, Egypt

This study attempts to provide an answer regarding the utility of Hyperion imagery in mapping urban settings in developed countries. The authors present a novel method for extracting quantitative land cover information at the sub-pixel level from hyperspectral or Hyperion imagery. The proposed method is based on the multiple endmember spectral mixture (MESMA) proposed by Roberts et al. (1998b), but extends it to handle the high-dimensional pixels characterizing hyperspectral images. The proposed method utilizes a multiband multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (Multiband MESMA) model that allows for both spectral bands and endmembers to vary on a per-pixel basis across a hyperspectral image. The goal is to select an optimal subset of spectral bands that maximizes spectral separability among a candidate set of endmembers for a given pixel, and accordingly to minimize spectral confusion among modeled endmembers and increase the accuracy and physical representativeness of derived fractions for that pixel. The authors develop a tool to automate this method and test its utility in a case study using a Hyperion image of Central Cairo, Egypt. The EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor is the only source of hyperspectral data currently available for Cairo, unlike cities in Europe and North America, where multiple sources of such data generally exist. The study scene represents a very heterogeneous landscape and has an ecological footprint of a complex range of interrelated socioeconomic, environmental and urban dynamics. The results of this study show that Hyperion data, with its rich spectral information, can help address some of the limitations in automated mapping that are reported by previous studies. For this, proper bands and endmembers are selected and used within a multiple endmember, with a multiple-band SMA process to determine the best Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and abundance percentages. This results in a better mapping of land cover extricated from hyperspectral imagery (Hyperion). Keywords: Spectral Mixture Analysis, Hyperspectral Data, Hyperion Data, Cairo, Egypt
Hubungan Antara Efikasi Diri Dengan Penyesuaian Diri Santri Baru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan penyesuaian diri santri baru. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 114 orang, yaitu santri baru yang sedang menjalani kelas persiapan belajar di pesantren dan berasal dari sekolah luar non pesantren. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan studi populasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis korelasi product moment dan analisis komparasi dengan independent sample t-test menggunakan program bantu SPSS 19,0 for windows. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara efikasi diri dengan penyesuaian diri santri baru. Semakin tinggi efikasi diri yang dimiliki santri baru maka semakin tinggi penyesuaian diri yang dilakukan, begitu juga sebaliknya. Sumbangan efektif (SE) efikasi diri terhadap penyesuaian diri santri baru sebesar 46,9%. Tingkat penyesuaian diri santri baru dan tingkat efikasi diri tergolong sedang. Santriwan memiliki tingkat penyesuaian diri dan efikasi diri yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan santriwati.
A Workplace to Support Creativity

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the background information regarding to the role of workplace on affecting people’s performance. In today’s industry creativity has a very special and important place because of the dynamic organizational changes and rapid growth of technology. To support these new working styles and specifically, to support creativity within an organization, flexible workplaces are often suggested. Since open-plan office offers more flexibility when compared to completely closed and private ones, they are seen to have more capabilities and are highly valued in today’s industry. So the result of this study will contribute towards enhancing the understanding of the effect office design to enhance employees’ performance, especially in creative tasks.
Evidence-Based Entrepreneurship: Cumulative Science, Action Principles, and Bridging the Gap Between Science and Practice

The concept and desiderata of an evidence-based entrepreneurship (EBE) is discussed as a strategy to overcome the gap between knowledge developed in the field of entrepreneurship and its use in practice. Evidence constitutes the best summary of knowledge based on several sources of information (several studies, several different research groups, several different methodological approaches, among them the best methods available) which clearly goes beyond individual experience and a few isolated studies. We argue that meta-analyses can and should be used in entrepreneurship research (and that they should also be used to review qualitative studies). Meta-analyses establish certain relationships; these should then be summarized in well-founded models and theories that can be translated into action principles. These action principles can then be used by various users of EBE. Users of EBE can be scientists, professionals who regularly deal with entrepreneurs (bankers, consultants, venture capital providers), policy makers (e.g., government), students of entrepreneurship, and last but not least the entrepreneurs themselves. Once a set of action principles has been developed from science, their application can be tested with the help of further evidence on the efficacy of interventions (including meta-analyses on the interventions). Evidence-based entrepreneurship (EBE) has the potential to change research, teaching, and practice.
To study the role of ultrasonography in diagnosis, management and prevention of incomplete surgical release in patient’s of de Quervain’s disease

Background: Fritz de Quervain, in 1895, described the tenosynovitis of first extensor compartment tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. Clinically characterized by pain and swelling over the radial styloid process, a positive finkelstein test and accompanied by a palpable thickening of the tendon sheaths and painful wrist and thumb movements. The diagnosis is usually clinical and the treatment varies from conservative to surgical decompression of the first extensor compartment. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 28 patients of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis involving 30 wrists treated in Father Muller Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore between 1 September 2015 and 30 November 2016. Results: A total of 28 patients and 30 wrists were examined in this study. The disease was found to be more common in fourth and fifth decade of life. In our study there were 23 females out of total 28 patients. Right wrist was more commonly affected than the left. Out of 28 patients 18 underwent surgery. Total 20 wrists out of 30 were surgically decompressed. Ultra sound showed the presence of single tendon of APL in 16 wrists (53.3%) and more than 1 tendon in 14 cases (46.7%). Out of 20 wrists which were operated 12 had 2 slips of APL and 8 had one slip of APL. Ultrasonography correctly identified the number of tendons in all except one case, in which it under diagnosed the number of tendons. Conclusion: Though ultrasound could not pick up a sub compartment it can still prevent the complication of incomplete surgical release as it correctly identifies the number of tendons. We strongly recommend looking for a sub compartment when the number of tendons seen on ultrasound is more than that found intraoperatively.
Diclofenac Influence on the Anticonvulsant Effect of Retigabine: The Potential Role of KCNQ Channels

Retigabine is a new antiepileptic drug. Its mechanism of action involves activation of voltage gated potassium channel (Kv7, KCNQ). Epilepsy is a disease of chronic nature and may be associated with other diseases that need therapy with other drugs as NSAIDs like diclofenac. Purpose. The current work is designed to study the spectrum of retigabine and diclofenac, on acute seizures in albino mice; also, it investigated the possible interactions between retigabine and diclofenac regarding their anticonvulsant activities and the role of KCNQ channel. Method. Convulsions were induced in mice using the picrotoxin model, the pilocarpine-induced-status epilepticus model, and lastly the maximal electroshock model. Results. The study revealed that combined administration of retigabine and diclofenac significantly increased percentage of protection from convulsions induced by picrotoxin model and MES test. Furthermore, the combination significantly prolonged the mean latency period of convulsion in pilocarpine-induced sustained epilepsy model. Conclusion. we concluded that retigabine has a broad spectrum antiepileptic effect and diclofenac potentiated retigabine action as an opener of potassium (KCNQ2/3) channels.
NEST-SITE SELECTION BY MARSH HARRIER (CIRCUS AERUGINOSUS) IN THE SHORE BELT OF HELOPHYTES ON LARGE LAKES

Nest-site selection by Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) was investigated on Lakes Meteliai and Obelija in 1983–1986 and Lake Žaltytis in 1984–1986 in southern Lithuania. Fifty five breeding pairs were detected and 49 nests (89.1%) were found. With regard to the potential breeding habitat, Lakes Meteliai and Žaltytis represented extreme structural types, whereas Lake Obelija – the intermediate type. Despite these differences, most nest-site parameters of the three lakes did not differ or differed slightly. The most similar was the depth. Only the most dissimilar lakes differed according to nest-site vegetation density and height, the latter varied according to the dominant helophytic species on the lake. Distances from nests to water and shore were not statistically significant – nests were built in the middle of the emergent vegetation belt. While selecting nest-sites, pairs gave preference to patches larger in area and diameter. Nest-site selection peculiarities are explained by birds’ balanced efforts.
Urinary Cadmium and Albumin Levels among Residents Living Close to Dumpsite in the Deli Serdang District of Indonesia

Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is present in urine. Albumin levels can be used as biomarker of kidney damage caused by cadmium (Cd). Many factors influence albuminuria, including environmental conditions, lifestylerelated factors, and sociodemographic characteristics. This study examined the association of sociodemographic characteristics with both urinary Cd levels and urinary albumin levels among rural residents living close to a dumpsite in Namo Bintang village. This study used a cross-sectional design, and the study population consisted of adult men and women (n = 99) who were selected using the stratified random sampling method based on the distance from their homes to the landfill. The data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho and Mann–Whitney tests. Urinary albumin was determined using the urinary albumin (μg)/creatinine (mg) ratio, and urinary Cd levels were normalized to Cd (μg)/creatinine (g). Urinary albumin was measured by spectrophotometric and enzymatic analyses. Urinary Cd levels were determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer in spot urine sampled at baseline. The characteristics of the participants, such as age, body mass index (BMI), sex, Cd exposure, occupation, and smoking status, were obtained through a direct interview using a questionnaire. The average urinary albumin level was 8.69 ± 14.55 μg/mg creatinine, and the average urinary Cd level was 35.1 ± 32.65 μg/g creatinine. Women had a higher risk than men of having albumin in their urine, pointing to an association between sex and urinary albumin levels (p = 0.041). Based on the findings of this study, local government officials should advise rural residents in dumpsite areas not to use well water for drinking and to check the water quality regularly to prevent urinary disease.
Effect of Manufacturer Reputation, Retailer Reputation and Seller Reputation in China's Online Shopping Market

T his study examines the effectiveness of manufacturer brand reputation, online retailer reputation, and online seller's reputation in reducing Chinese consumers' perceived risk regarding online shopping and further increasing their purchase intention in online shopping. The experiment is a 2 (manufacturer reputation: well- known and unknown) × 2 (retailer reputation: strong and weak) × 2 (information on the seller's reputation: present and absent) factorial design, and 281 college students participated in this study. The results of the univariate analysis of variance show the availability of information on the online seller's reputation has a significant effect on perceived risk and manufacturer brand reputation and online retailer reputation have no effect on consumers' perception of risk. The linear regression results reveal perceived risk has a negative impact on Chinese consumers' purchase intentions on the Internet.
Interactive comment on "Mechanisms and time scales of glacial inception simulated with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity" by R. Calov et al.

Abstract. We investigate glacial inception and glacial thresholds in the climate-cryosphere system utilising the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2, which includes modules for atmosphere, terrestrial vegetation, ocean and interactive ice sheets. The latter are described by the three-dimensional polythermal ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS. A bifurcation which represents glacial inception is analysed with two different model setups: one setup with dynamical ice-sheet model and another setup without it. The respective glacial thresholds differ in terms of maximum boreal summer insolation at 65° N (hereafter referred as Milankovitch forcing (MF)). The glacial threshold of the configuration without ice-sheet dynamics corresponds to a much lower value of MF compared to the full model. If MF attains values only slightly below the aforementioned threshold there is fast transient response. Depending on the value of MF relative to the glacial threshold, the transient response time of inland-ice volume in the model configuration with ice-sheet dynamics ranges from 10 000 to 100 000 years. Due to these long response times, a glacial threshold obtained in an equilibrium simulation is not directly applicable to the transient response of the climate-cryosphere system to time-dependent orbital forcing. It is demonstrated that in transient simulations just crossing of the glacial threshold does not imply large-scale glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere. We found that in transient simulations MF has to drop well below the glacial threshold determined in an equilibrium simulation to initiate glacial inception. Finally, we show that the asynchronous coupling between climate and inland-ice components allows one sufficient realistic simulation of glacial inception and, at the same time, a considerable reduction of computational costs.
Labour Market Heterogeneity: Distinguishing between Unemployment and Inactivity

In economic analysis, the unemployment rate and the participation rate are two of the most frequently used indicators. Defining the concept of unemployment is therefore an important issue, both for research in economics and for the definition of public policies. Most countries distinguish between the unemployed and the inactive by using a criterion relating to employment search. This definition, however, does not make it possible to highlight the differences existing within each group, above all among those classified as out of the labour force. The purpose of this article is to describe this heterogeneity and its implications in the dynamics of the active population. An attempt will be made, therefore, to give an answer to the following question: is it possible to classify the non-employed in a way that makes it possible to create homogeneous groups in terms of their degree of labour market attachment? Seen from the angle of how the labour market works, it is important to distinguish between those who are looking for work (the unemployed) and those not looking (the inactive). This is particularly important for analyses based on the flows between the different labour market states (normally between employment, unemployment and inactivity). From this point of view, the idea of looking for a job is very often replaced by the notion of productive “waiting” for new work (see, for example Blanchard and Diamond, 1992). The relevant distinction ceases to be based on the actions that the unemployed undertake in their search for work, but rather on their “productivity” during non-employment periods and assessed by the rate of transition to work. This view of the labour market and the way it works is sustained by the importance of transition between inactivity and employment. In Portugal, for example, this represents between 1 and 2 percent of the active population for each three-month period. Given this, we could well think that the behaviour of some individuals who are not looking for work but who are prepared to work, should be considered close enough to the concept of “activity” such that they could even be included in the group of the unemployed(1). If the concept of unemployed is based on the search-for-work criterion, we are assuming that the effort to find work reveals a close connection between individuals and the labour market(2). On the other hand, those who are not looking for work, even though they might want to work, are
Asymptotic Results for Conditional Measures of Association of a Random Sum

Asymptotic results are obtained for several conditional measures of association. The chosen random variables are the first two order statistics and the total sum within a random sum. Many of the results have confirmed the “one-jump” property of the risk model. Non-trivial limits are obtained when the dependence among the first two order statistics is considered. Our results help in understanding the extreme behaviour of well-known reinsurance treaties that involve only few large claims. Interestingly, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the first two order statistics provides an alternative procedure to estimate the tail index of the underlying distribution.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in police officers in Istanbul

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in police officers. The retrospective study was carried out by applying a questionnaire including Rome II criteria in a study population of 1750 police officers who were selected by systematic sampling method among those admitted to Istanbul Police Hospital between 2000 and 2008. We determined IBS prevalence and their clinical characteristics. The IBS prevalence of police officers was 38%. Among the 1750 patients participating in the study, 722 were admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). 54.1% of IBS patients were constipation-dominant, 3% of them were diarrhea-dominant and 42.9% of them had alternating bowel habits. We found the prevalence of IBS to be related with previous infections, abdominal operations, chronic laxative use, absence of reguler diet, lack of fiber foods in nutrition and daily tea or coffee consumption. A negative statistical relationship between IBS prevalence and smoking or alcohol intake was found. No association was found between the prevalence of IBS and psychological events. Distribution of IBS patients among age groups was not different. There were both similar and different results about prevalence and clinical characteristics of IBS in police officers from the other studies. IBS prevalence (38%) in our study was higher than usually estimated. It was around 6.2 to 19.1% in previous studies. The prevalence of IBS with alternating constipation and diarrhea was significantly higher too. The factors having a positive correlation with IBS were similiar to the results of other studies. More studies should be carried out to explain the reasons of the differences. Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), prevalence, police.