Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic changes during infant cardiac surgery: measurements by near infrared spectroscopy.

Despite dramatic advances in the survival rate amongst infants undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease, the incidence of brain injury suffered by survivors remains unacceptably high. This is largely due to our limited understanding of the complex changes in cerebral oxygen utilization and supply occurring during the intraoperative period as a result of hypothermia, neuroactive drugs, and profound circulatory changes. Current techniques for monitoring the adequacy of cerebral oxygen supply and utilization during hypothermic cardiac surgery are inadequate to address this complex problem and consequently to identify the infant at risk for such brain injury. Furthermore, this inability to detect imminent hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is likely to become all the more conspicuous as new neuroprotective strategies, capable of salvaging ‘‘insulted’’ neuronal tissue from cell death, enter the clinical arena. Near infrared spectroscopy is a relatively new, noninvasive, and portable technique capable of interrogating the oxygenation and hemodynamics of tissue in vivo. These characteristics of the technique have generated enormous interest amongst clinicians in the ability of near infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanisms of intraoperative brain injury and ultimately to identify infants at risk for such injury. This paper reviews the experience with this technique to date during infant cardiac surgery.
The Educational Impact of Bench Model Fidelity on the Acquisition of Technical Skill: The Use of Clinically Relevant Outcome Measures

Objective:To evaluate the impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill using clinically relevant outcome measures. Methods:Fifty junior surgery residents participated in a 1-day microsurgical training course. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: 1) high-fidelity model training (live rat vas deferens; n = 21); 2) low-fidelity model training (silicone tubing; n = 19); or 3) didactic training alone (n = 10). Following training, all participants were assessed on the high- and low-fidelity bench models. Immediate outcome measures included procedure times, blinded, expert assessment of videotaped performance using checklists and global rating scales, anastomotic patency, suture placement precision, and final product ratings. Delayed outcome measures (obtained from the live rat vas deferens 30 days following training) included anastomotic patency, presence of a sperm granuloma, and the presence of sperm on microscopy. Results:Following training, checklist (P < 0.001) and global rating scores (P < 0.001) on the bench model simulators were higher among subjects who received hands-on training, irrespective of model fidelity. Immediate anastomotic patency rates of the rat vas deferens were higher with increasing model fidelity training (P = 0.048). Delayed anastomotic patency rates were higher among subjects who received bench model training, irrespective of model fidelity (P = 0.02). Rates of sperm presence on microscopy were higher among subjects who received high-fidelity model training compared with subjects who received didactic training (P = 0.039) but did not differ among subjects in the high- and low-fidelity groups. Conclusions:Surgical skills training on low-fidelity bench models appears to be as effective as high-fidelity model training for the acquisition of technical skill among novice surgeons.
Vesicles within vesicles: what role do multivesicular bodies play in alveolar type II cells?

Multivesicular bodies have an unusual struc­ ture when compared with most other types of intracellular organelles. Whereas most or­ ganelles are closed compartments formed by a single cellular membrane, multivesicular bodies consist of numerous small vesicles that are surrounded as a group by another mem­ brane. These organelles are found in most if not all eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have indicated that multivesicular bodies partici­ pate in the metabolism and transport of materials that enter the cells by endocytosis, a general process also likely to be carried out by all cells. lular space into this pathway provides cellu­ lar nutrients, influences cellular metabolism, and may participate in immune responses. The key studies of Goldstein, Brown, and cowork­ ers (3) on receptor-medi ated uptake of low density lipoproteins and the resultant suppres­ sion of cholesterol synthesis, of Cohen and coworkers (5) on endocytosis of epidermal growth factor, of Hubbard (6) on hepatic me­ tabolism of asialoglycoproteins, and of many other researchers illustrate the general func­ tional roles of multivesicula r bodies. These general concepts can be summarized as follows. Receptor molecules reside on a cell surface, scattered randomly or clustered to­ gether, with their ligand-binding moieties ex­ posed to the extracellular space. When ligands bind to the receptor, the complex, or some­ times receptors alone, enter the cell in small vesicles, which may be clathrin-coated (7-9). These vesicles fuse or enlarge to become an endosome, an acidic compartment that gener­ ally lacks internal vesicles. If the internalized receptors are to be recycled to the cell sur­ face, they cluster together and bud off from the endosome to form a vesicle (10), which fuses with the plasma membrane. This pro­ cess reexposes the ligand-binding site of the receptor to the extracellular space. During or after the receptors are shed, if this occurs, small vesicles appear within the lumen of the endosome, and the organelle is now appropri­ ately called a multivesicular endosome. As used by Wall and Hubbard (9), this term aptly describes both the lack of lysosomal enzymes, which is characteristic of endosomes, and the organellar structure. Within a few minutes af­ ter endocytosis has begun, these large, pale- staining, multivesicular endosomes contain the internalized ligand. Most studies suggest that the inner vesicles appear prior to the en­
Preoperative factors of apathy in subthalamic stimulated Parkinson disease: A PET study

SUBTHALAMIC STIMULATED PARKINSON DISEASE: A PET STUDY Melissa J. Nirenberg, New York: Robert et al. examined the relationship between preoperative clinical features and cerebral metabolic patterns with apathy after deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease. The authors found no correlation between preoperative total levodopa equivalent daily doses (LEDD) or postsurgical reduction in total LEDD with subsequent postoperative apathy symptoms. However, the authors did not distinguish between total LEDD vs dopamine agonist LEDD (DA-LEDD) in their analysis. There is increasing evidence that post-DBS apathy may be specifically related to the tapering of dopamine agonists vs other dopaminergic medications, and may respond to increasing or restarting dopamine agonist therapy. The authors should have specifically evaluated preoperative DA-LEDD and postoperative changes in DA-LEDD in the groups with vs without apathy. If present, such differences would provide further evidence that DA taper may increase the risk of post-DBS apathy, perhaps as a manifestation of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome.While the current study may have been underpowered to detect differences in DA-LEDD, it is important that this analysis be included in future publications.
The Informational Value of Key Audit Matters in the Auditor’s Report: Evidence from an Eye-tracking Study

SYNOPSIS We examine whether and how the addition of mandatory paragraphs that highlight Key/Critical audit matters (KAMs) in the auditor's report affects users' information acquisition process using eye-tracking technology. We experimentally manipulate the presence of KAMs, their number (one or three KAMs), and their format with the inclusion of an overview of audit procedures performed to address each KAM. We find that KAMs have attention directing impact, in that participants access KAM-related disclosures more rapidly and pay relatively more attention to them when KAMs are communicated in the auditor's report. However, when exposed to an auditor's report with several KAMs, participants devote less attention to the remaining parts of the financial statements. Depending on the relevance of the information for the decision task users are less attentive to, our results have direct policy implications as they underline the potential costs and benefits associated with KAMs.
High‐Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Symmetric Bitemporal Cortical Necrosis After Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

High‐resolution magnetic resonance images obtained in a patient several months after carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication revealed nearly symmetric regional atrophy of both lateral temporal lobes. This pattern of cortical lesions after CO exposure has not been reported before. The patient suffered from severe cognitive deficits including a transient Klüver‐Bucy–like behavior. This report underlines the value of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging in chronic stages of CO intoxication in the attempt to understand the neuroanatomical bases of the observed behavior.
PENGARUH BRAND AWARENESS DAN BRAND ASSOCIATION TERHADAP BRAND LOYALTY MELALUI PERCEIVED QUALITY PADA SEPATU MERK NIKE DI SURABAYA

The famous and trusted brand is an invaluable asset. After determining the brand, the company had to build the brand into a brand that has a high equity. High brand equity is influenced by four main elements of brand equity, brand awareness, perceptions of quality, brand association, and brand loyalty. The research aims to know the influence of brand awareness, brand association,, the brand loyalty of brand Nike shoes in Surabaya with perceived quality as an intervening variable. In this study used is the conclusive research on the study of experimental or causal research. Samplingtaking techniques used are non probability sampling. The type of method used is the purposive sampling. The sample used was 200 consumer brand Nike shoes in Surabaya. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The technique used is the analysis of structural equation modeling with Lisrel program assistance. The results of this analysis indicate that brand awareness, and brand image effect directly against the perceived quality, and indirectly to the brand loyalty by using the quality perceived as intervening variable. The research also found that perceived quality to brand loyalty.
Applying the service profit chain to analyse retail performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply Heskett, Sasser and Schlesinger's service profit chain to a single retail service with a view to developing a better understanding of the performance linkages between employee perceptions and performance, customer perceptions and behaviour, and financial performance.Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on the case study of a UK home improvement store chain. Measures of each of the variables in the service profit chain were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, with a dataset based on 75 stores.Findings – Although analysis of the performance relationships revealed many interesting correlations, the data lent little support for some of the expected linkages; in particular, the “satisfaction mirror” effect between employee and customer satisfaction and loyalty, and the link between customer loyalty and financial performance. The possible asymmetries and non‐linearity of certain performance relationships may also have added to the dif.
Evaluation of tuned-aperture computed tomography depth discrimination for image series acquired variously with linear horizontal, linear vertical, and conical beam projection arrays.

OBJECTIVE To compare depth discrimination by using tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT) variously with linear horizontal, linear vertical, combined linear horizontal and linear vertical, and conical beam projection arrays. STUDY DESIGN The first test object was a metallic mesh angled at 30 degrees to the surface of a computed dental radiography size No. 1 x-ray sensor. The second test object was a dry human mandible. The sensor was mounted on an optical bench constructed to permit free and precise geometrical settings for the horizontal and vertical angulations of the x-ray beam. The extent of blurring of horizontal and vertical wires in each TACT reconstructed image slice was observed for each of the tested beam projection arrays. RESULTS With a linear horizontal beam projection array, it was not possible to determine the depth of structures parallel to the horizontal dimension, such as the mandibular canal. With a linear vertical beam projection, it was not possible to determine the depth of structures parallel to the vertical dimension. A conical array of beam projections was best suited to the task of depth discrimination of objects in all planes. The best second alternative was a combination of linear vertical and linear horizontal projections. CONCLUSIONS Beam projection geometry is important for the accurate depth discrimination of TACT reconstructed images. A conical beam projection array is ideal.
Analysis by immunoblotting of human cytomegalovirus antibody in sera of renal transplant recipient

Human cytomegalovirus‐infected cell polypeptides were immunoreacted by sera of renal transplant recipients and compared with those reactive with sera of healthy adult donors by means of the Western immunoblotting technique. At least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights of 155K, 123K, 102K, 89K, 79K, 71K, 65K, 60K, 55K, 50K, 46K, 42K, 38K, 33K, and 28K were immunoreacted. Sera obtained serially from renal transplant recipients reacted with most of these polypeptides and reacted more frequently and intensely with the smaller polypeptide species such as 38K, 33K, and 28K, compared with sera of healthy seropositive adults. The implications of these findings are discussed.
PROFILE OF ICT INNOVATIVENESS IN MALAYSIAN SMES FROM SERVICES SECTOR BASED ON CORE ICT INDICATORS

This study is to determine the profile of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) innovativeness in Malaysian SMEs from services sector by using the core ICT indicators by businesses as suggested by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Previous research had indicated that the rate of adoption of ICT innovation specifically among SMEs in Malaysia was low although there are many initiatives have been implemented by the government but the outcomes have not been fully translated into results. This is important to improve the business performances, to sustain and compete globally by adopting the ICT innovation as SMEs are key drivers and engine for the economic growth. More importantly, ICT are among the National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs) that need to be focus especially for the purpose of SMEs development. Core ICT indicators have been used as the measuring tools adhered to globally accepted standards. From the probability proportionate stratified random sampling, 390 respondents participated in the survey questionnaires. The results are analyzed using descriptive statistic. This study revealed the profile of ICT innovativeness for Malaysia services sector SMEs specifically based on the 12 elements of core ICT indicators. Mainly, the findings supported government agenda for developing the SMEs as stated in SME Masterplan (2011-2020) and towards achieving government’s aspiration to become high income and developed nation by 2020 as stated in New Economic Model (NEM).
The Role of Hubs in the Adoption Process

The authors explore the role of hubs (people with an exceptionally large number of social ties) in diffusion and adoption. Using data on a large network with multiple adoptions, they identify two types of hubs—innovative and follower hubs. Contrary to recent arguments, hubs tend to adopt earlier in the diffusion process, even though they are not necessarily innovative. Although innovative hubs have a greater impact on the speed of the adoption process, follower hubs have a greater impact on market size (total number of adoptions). Importantly, a small sample of hubs offers accurate success versus failure predictions early in the diffusion process.
Effects of lung volume reduction surgery on left ventricular diastolic filling and dimensions in patients with severe emphysema.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Data on the influence of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on cardiac function and hemodynamics are scarce and controversial. Previous studies have focused mainly on right ventricular function and pulmonary hemodynamics. Here, we evaluated the effects of LVRS on left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic filling pattern, dimensions, stiffness, and performance, as well as pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. DESIGN A prospective, open, controlled study. PATIENTS Patients with severe emphysema undergoing LVRS (10 patients). Patients scheduled for pulmonary lobectomy due to carcinoma (ie, the lobectomy group) served as control subjects (10 patients). MEASUREMENTS LV dimensions and mitral flow velocities were measured by transesophageal, two-dimensional, Doppler echocardiography, and central hemodynamics were measured by a pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter. Measurements were performed during anesthesia in the supine position, before and after surgery, without and with passive leg elevation. RESULTS Baseline cardiac index (CI) [- 21%], stroke volume index (SVI) [- 31%], stroke work index (SWI) [- 26%], and LV end-diastolic area index (EDAI) [- 15%] were significantly (p < 0.001) lower, whereas LV end-diastolic stiffness (LVEDS) did not differ in the LVRS group compared to the lobectomy group. The time from peak early diastolic filling to zero flow (E-dec time) [58%] and the deceleration slope of early diastolic filling (E-dec slope) [45%] were significantly higher (p < 0.01), whereas peak early diastolic filling velocity (E-max) [- 31%; p < 0.01] and the proportion of E-max vs peak late diastolic filling velocity (A-max) [ie, the E/A ratio] (- 27%; p < 0.001) were significantly lower compared to the lobectomy group. LVRS significantly increased CI (40%; p < 0.001), SVI (34%; p < 0.001), SWI (58%; p < 0.001), LV EDAI (18%; p < 0.001), E-max (44%; p < 0.01), A-max (15%; p < 0.05) and E/A ratio (28%; p < 0.01), decreased E-dec time (- 31%; p < 0.05) and E-dec slope (- 98%; p < 0.01), and had no effect on LVEDS. In the lobectomy group, surgery affected none of these variables. CONCLUSIONS LV function is impaired in patients with severe emphysema due to small end-diastolic dimensions. LVRS increases LV end-diastolic dimensions and filling, and improves LV function.
Stability Analysis of Optimal Adaptive Control Using Value Iteration With Approximation Errors

Effects of the presence of <italic>approximation errors</italic> are analyzed on the stability of adaptive optimal control using value iteration, initiated from a stabilizing control policy. This analysis includes the system operated using any <italic>single/constant</italic> resulting control policy and also using an <italic>evolving/time-varying </italic> control policy. Sufficient conditions on the ‘per iteration’ approximation errors are obtained for guaranteeing the stability. A feature of the presented results is providing estimations of the <italic>region of attraction</italic>, under the approximation errors, so that if the initial condition is within this region, the whole trajectory will remain inside the training region, and hence, the function approximation results remain reliable.
Obstetrical implications of pregnancy in primigravidae aged 16 years or less.

A study of 100 white primigravid patients under age 16 was conducted for the period January 1960-February 1966 and matched against a control group of white patients aged 22 delivered during the same period. 32% of the study group was married compared to 78% of the control group. 94% of both groups were seen at antenatal clinics on 3 or more occasions but antenatal care was not evaluated. Incidence of pre-eclamptic toxemia was 21% for the study group 12% in the control group. The fetal head was unengaged before labor in 50% of the study group 48% of the controls. Labor began at 36 weeks or earlier among 13% of the study group 6% of the control group. 2% of both groups were delivered at 41-44 weeks gestation. The prematurity rate in the study groups was 10% in the controls 3%. The average birth weight in the study group was 6 lb. 15 oz. 7 lb. 4 oz. in the control group. There was no significant difference between the average duration of the first second and third stages of labor. Prolonged labor of more than 24 hours occurred in 16 study group cases and 10 control group cases. Since the women were unmarried in the study group caesarean section was avoided if possible. Better antenatal care would reduce the risks of toxemia of pregnancy and prematurity; young women should be seen weekly after the 32nd week.
Flexivirga lutea sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga.

A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 (H4) (70.2 %) and MK-8 (H6) (29.7 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, seven unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Flexivirga is proposed.