The Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Periodontal Health Andmeasuringa Specific Salivary Inorganic Ions in Smokers and Non Smokers Participants with Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tissues supporting the teeth. Salivary enzymes and inorganic ions have been most intensely studied as a potential marker for periodontal disease.This study aimed to measure sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium ions level in saliva of patients who are smokers and non smokers with chronic periodontitis before and after non surgicalperioontal treatment. Materials and Methods:The study sample consists of (16) males with chronic periodontitis who are non smokers(A) and (16) males with chronic periodontitis who are smokers (B) of both gender with an age ranged (35-45) years.Unstimulated whole saliva were collected to measuresalivary inorganic ions(sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium) by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer devicethen the clinicalperiodontal parameters were measured which include Plaque index (PLI) gingival index (GLI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), the patients treated periodonticaly by oral hygien motivation , instruction, scaling and deep scaling.Then one week after the first visit from the treatment of patients who are chronic periodontitis non smokers and patients who are chronic periodontitis smokers which referred(A1)and (B1)respectively, clinicalperiodontal parameters and unstimulated salivary samplesweremeasured and analyzedfrom those patients. Results:In the inter group comparison between (A) and (A1), there was a significant difference in the mean level of (GLI) and (PLI) indices while in the intergroup comparison between (B) and (B1), there was a significant difference in the mean level of GLI, PLI and PPD. The biochemical finding showed in theinter group comparison of salivary inorganic ions showed high significant difference in the level of Ca ++ ions in the comparison between (A) and (B) also in (A1) and (B1) while significant difference appeared in the comparison between (A) and (A1) . The level of Mg ++ ions showed significant difference in the comparison between (A) and (B) also high significant differences in the comparison between (A1) and (B1) but no significant differences in the comparison between (A) and (A1) also in the comparison between (B) and (B1) . The remaining minerals Na + and K + showed no significant difference in the comparison among these groups. Conclusion:smokers with periodontitis(B) exhibited high level of salivary calcium, as compared with nonsmokers with periodontitis(A), after treatment smokers with periodontitis(B1) exhibited reduced level of salivary calcium with reduction in the mean level of GLI, PLI and PPD, as compared with non-smokers with periodontitis(A1) and the differences were statistically significant.Also the level of Mg ++ ions showed significant difference in the comparison between (A) and (B) also high significant differences in the comparison between (A1) and (B1) . So that changes in salivary inorganic ions might be useful to establish favorable response to periodontal therapy. Keyword:Chronic periodontitis,smokers,inorganicions,atomicabsorption spectrophotometer,saliva.