Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nest generated intersection rings in Tychonoff spaces

Tychonoff spaces were characterized by Frink [4] as T1-spaces possessing normal bases. The zero-sets of continuous real-valued functions provide the best known normal base, but in general there are many others. They need not consist entirely of zero-sets. Each normal base leads to a Hausdorff compactification (called Wallman because of the construction used). If the normal base consists entirely of zerosets, the compactification has been called a Z-compactification [15]. This generalization of the Wallman procedure was also considered earlier by Sanin [12] and Banaschewski [2], but apparently Frink was first to consider whether all Hausdorff compactifications might be obtained in this way. Frink was also concerned about the hereditary property of complete regularity and asked for a direct internal proof of this using the normal base characterization. A complication lies in the fact that the trace of a normal base on a subspace need not be a normal base. In [13], one of the authors showed that completely regular spaces (not necessarily T1) are characterized by possessing a stronger base, the trace of which forms a base with the same properties. These bases are called separating nest generated intersection rings. The hereditary property of such rings shows the hereditary property of complete regularity. In this paper we consider the Wallman compactification co(X, Y) and the Wallman realcompactification v(X, 3) associated with a given separating nest generated intersection ring. v(X, Y) is constructed in w(X, 3) in the same way that the Hewitt realcompactification v(X) is constructed in the Stone-Cech compactification :(X). Alo and Shapiro [1] have considered normal bases which are intersection rings (but not necessarily nest generated). Following the analogy with v(X) in :(X), they construct a space -q(X) and show that in many cases it is realcompact. They ask whether this is always the case and also whether all realcompactifications may be obtained in this manner. In ? 3 we provide examples which give negative answers to both of these questions. Thus nest generation cannot be relaxed and still keep v(X, 3) realcompact. In ? 4 we investigate the relation between separating nest generated intersection rings and certain inverse-closed subalgebras of C(X) (see [6], [7], [9]). Earlier in
The binary fraction of planetary nebula central stars - III. the promise of VPHAS+

The majority of planetary nebulae (PNe) are not spherical, and current single-star models cannot adequately explain all the morphologies we observe. This has led to the Binary Hypothesis, which states that PNe are preferentially formed by binary systems. This hypothesis can be corroborated or disproved by comparing the estimated binary fraction of all PNe central stars (CS) to that of the supposed progenitor population. One way to quantify the rate of CS binarity is to detect near infra-red (IR) excess indicative of a low-mass main sequence companion. In this paper, a sample of known PNe within data release 2 of the ongoing VPHAS+ are investigated. We give details of the method used to calibrate VPHAS+ photometry, and present the expected colours of CS and main sequence stars within the survey. Objects were scrutinized to remove PN mimics from our sample and identify true CS. Within our final sample of 7 CS, 6 had previously either not been identified or confirmed. We detected an $i$ band excess indicative of a low-mass companion star in 3 CS, including one known binary, leading us to to conclude that VPHAS+ provides the precise photometry required for the IR excess method presented here, and will likely improve as the survey completes and the calibration process finalised. Given the promising results from this trial sample, the entire VPHAS+ catalogue should be used to study PNe and extend the IR excess-tested CS sample.
"Shocks" and Productivity

Are productivity increases from small amounts of stress (or shocks) in an economic task dependent upon the content of the shock? It has been found small amounts of stress can lead to an increase in memory. We examine if the same is true with productivity in an economic experiment and whether it depends on the content of the stress. In our first experiment we suddenly expose participants to a "scary" or "cute" image during a real-effort task. We observe significant productivity gains after subjects view the scary image only. Our second experiment tests whether it was the method by which the image was presented or the image itself that lead to productivity gains. Results suggest productivity gains in the workplace depend on the shock itself and how the content is viewed by employees.
IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN MAIZE , II : YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS

Nikolić A. , V. Anđelković, D. Dodig, S. Mladenović Drinić, N. Kravić and D. Ignjatović Micić (2013): Identification of Qtl-s for drought tolerance in maize, II : Yield and yield components. Genetika, Vol 45, No. 2, 341-350. Grain yield is the primary trait of interest in maize breeding programs. Worldwide, drought is the most pervasive limitation to the achievement of yield potential in maize. Drought tolerance of maize has been considerably improved through conventional breeding. Traditional breeding methods have numerous limitations, so development of new molecular genetics techniques could help in elucidation of genetic basis of drought tolerance . In order to map QTLs underlying yield and yield components under drought 116 F3 families of DTP79xB73 cross were evaluated in the field trials. Phenotypic correlations calculated using Pearson’s coefficients were high and significant. QTL detection was performed using composite interval mapping option in WinQTL Cartographer v 2.5. Over all nine traits 45 QTLs were detected:five for grain yield per plant and 40 for eight yield components. These QTLs were distributed on all chromosomes except on chromosome 9. Percent of phenotypic variability determined for the identified QTLs for all the traits was in the range from 27.46 to 95.85%. Different types of gene action were found for the QTLs identified for analyzed traits.
Phenolic Profiles and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Gene Expression of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Selected for Decreased Postharvest Browning

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a legume forage abundant in phenolic compounds. It tends to brown when cut for hay, due to oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and subsequent binding to proteins. Selecting for a greener hay may provide information about the relationship of browning, PPO, and phenolics to each other. The red clover Kenland cultivar was selected over eight breeding cycles for decreased browning after being cut and dried 48 h in the field. Expression of PPO1 and PPO3, in Kenland and three of the eight cycles, was compared by real-time quantitative PCR. Phenolic compounds in Kenland and Cycle 8, collected 0, 24, and 48 h after cutting, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Visual browning scores decreased 12% between Kenland and Cycle 8 (P = 0.02). PPO1 and PPO3 gene expression were not affected by selection. Clovamide decreased 26% in Cycle 8 relative to Kenland (P = 0.016). Sissotrin decreased 10% in Cycle 8 (P = 0.043). Neither total formononetin nor total biochanin A was affected by selection (P = 0.63 and 0.45, respectively). These results suggest that when selecting clover for decreased postharvest browning, a decrease occurs in a phenolic compound that can bind protein independently of PPO. However, PPO1 and PPO3 gene expression, and the major red clover isoflavones, are minimally affected.
Spillover Effects of Pension Funds on Capital Markets: The Mechanism and Preconditions

This paper analyzes the mechanism whereby accumulation of pension funds leads to development of capital markets and the preconditions for this to take place. The mechanism is in essence posited as a process of internalizing the pecuniary external effects arising from risk taking within amarket-based financial system. The preconditions consist of the 'scale condition' with respect to the size of pension funds and an 'institutions condition' to ensure the efficient management of pension funds' assets.Results from empirical analyses confirm the 'externality hypothesis' for the mechanism. Differing patterns in the effects of pension funds on capital markets and R&D activities between the Anglo-Saxon countries and the countries of Continental Europe and Japan attest to the significance of the two preconditions for the spillover effects.
Collective Innovation Spaces in Shanghai-spatial patterns and social life

In 2014, the Chinese central government began an initiative "mass innovation and entrepreneurship" as its new strategy of economic development. Collective innovation spaces were promoted as the physical manifestation to fuel this economic development strategy. As a result, the establishment of collective innovation spaces has since received significant funding from both the public and the private sector. The number of collective innovation spaces has grown exponentially over the years. With this significant growth rate, collective innovation spaces have started to exhibit a distinctive spatial pattern and made an impact on urban life. However, few systematic studies have been carried out to understand this spatial pattern and the mechanisms behind it. This thesis takes Shanghai as the study site. Using statistical model and spatial analysis, the study identifies several clusters of collective innovation spaces (CIS) in Shanghai as well as their spatial characteristics. It demonstrates that rental housing units, IT companies, universities, restaurants, bars and coffee shops have a positive relationship with CIS clusters. However, housing developments and parks have a negative relationship with CIS clusters. Development of CIS and the thriving third places, which are privatized social spaces other than home and workspaces, generate an innovation network that facilitates social interactions, innovation, and entrepreneurship. It represents a new kind of urban development in China, integrating, connecting and preserving the existing urban fabric. Furthermore, by investigating in two case studies in Shanghai, the thesis gives policy and design suggestions on the development of CIS clusters.
Compatible Maxwell solvers with particles II: conforming and non-conforming 2D schemes with a strong Faraday law

This article is the second of a series where we develop and analyze structure-preserving finite element discretizations for the time-dependent 2D Maxwell system with long-time stability properties, and propose a charge-conserving deposition scheme to extend the stability properties in the case where the current source is provided by a particle method. The schemes proposed here derive from a previous study where a generalized commuting diagram was identified as an abstract compatibility criterion in the design of stable schemes for the Maxwell system alone, and applied to build a series of conforming and non-conforming schemes in the 3D case. Here the theory is extended to account for approximate sources, and specific charge-conserving schemes are provided for the 2D case. In this second article we study two schemes which include a strong discretization of the Faraday law. The first one is based on a standard conforming mixed finite element discretization and the long-time stability is ensured by the natural $L^2$ projection for the current, also standard. The second one is a new non-conforming variant where the numerical fields are sought in fully discontinuous spaces. In this 2D setting it is shown that the associated discrete curl operator coincides with that of a classical DG formulation with centered fluxes, and our analysis shows that a non-standard current approximation operator must be used to yield a charge-conserving scheme with long-time stability properties, while retaining the local nature of $L^2$ projections in discontinuous spaces. Numerical experiments involving Maxwell and Maxwell-Vlasov problems are then provided to validate the stability of the proposed methods.
Comparing Coefficients of Nested Nonlinear Probability Models

In a series of recent articles, Karlson, Holm, and Breen (Breen, Karlson, and Holm, 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstractid=1730065; Karlson and Holm, 2011, Research in Stratification and Social Mobility 29: 221– 237; Karlson, Holm, and Breen, 2010, http://www.yale.edu/ciqle/Breen Scaling %20effects.pdf) have developed a method for comparing the estimated coefficients of two nested nonlinear probability models. In this article, we describe this method and the user-written program khb, which implements the method. The KHB method is a general decomposition method that is unaffected by the rescaling or attenuation bias that arises in cross-model comparisons in nonlinear models. It recovers the degree to which a control variable, Z, mediates or explains the relationship between X and a latent outcome variable, Y*, underlying the nonlinear probability model. It also decomposes effects of both discrete and continuous variables, applies to average partial effects, and provides analytically derived statistical tests. The method can be extended to other models in the generalized linear model family.
Pattern formation in fl uidized beds as a tool for model validation : A two-fl uid model based study

Article history: Received 23 April 2015 Received in revised form 23 February 2016 Accepted 8 March 2016 Available online 16 March 2016 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have been broadly used during the last twenty years to engineer and understand fluidized beds. Nevertheless, there is some controversy about the rigor of their current validation methodologies (Powder Technol. 139 (2004), 99). A robust tool to determine whether or not a model reproduces—let alone, can predict—the dynamics of a fluidized bed is still missing. This is especially relevant for the validation of the fluid-particle closures that are emerging with the help of direct numerical simulation. More than a decade ago, it was demonstrated experimentally that regular patterns emerge in pulsed fluidized beds under certain experimental conditions. These patterns are not a singular feature of the dynamics, such as average bubble size or bed expansion, but form as a result of a precise coupling betweenmulti-scale physical phenomena. Remarkably, CFD has not been able, so far, to reproduce the experimental bubble patterns convincingly. In this work, we want to bring to the attention of the fluidization community the power of pattern formation in fluidized beds as a tool for model validation. As a proof of concept, we apply this validation test to two-fluid models. Our two-fluid simulations reproduce bubble properties reasonably well, but fail to reproduce the experimentally witnessed patterns, suggesting that the physics of the fluidized state are not correctly captured by this approach, under any of its common implementations. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The interaction between tectonics, topography, and climate in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado

Alpine glaciers have been referred to as „buzzsaws” on the grounds that they control the topographic development of actively deforming mountain ranges; however, the nature of the linkage between glacial erosion and topography in different tectonic and climatic settings remains unclear. In the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, an intracontinental mountain range with dramatically lower annual precipitation than previously studied ranges, distinct spatial variations in morphology resulting from Quaternary glaciation coincide with different exhumation histories that were derived using apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology. The northwestern region had cooling ages of 3-10 Ma over an elevation range of 1300 m, moderate correlation between mean elevation and glacial thresholds, and regionally high values for relief and slope above cirque floors. The southern region, by contrast, had cooling ages of 19-32 Ma over an elevation range of 800 m, no correlation between mean elevation and glacial thresholds, and low values for relief and slope above cirque floors. The average magnitude of incision into a reconstructed maximum topography surface is nearly equal for the two study regions suggesting that the effects of glacial erosion are localized to high topography. The northwestern and southern regions show little variation in climate and fluvial and hillslope erosive potential, which implies that erosionally induced isostatic rebound is an unlikely source for the difference in cooling ages. Instead, I infer that active tectonism (possibly related to the Aspen anomaly) is responsible for different cooling ages and drove the greater degree of glacial modification of the northwestern region. As a result of the spatial variability in epeirogenic uplift, the San Juan Mountains appear to be both a mountain range that was just high enough to be glaciated, the southern region, and a mountain range where glacial erosion controls the elevation of high topography, the northwestern region; and thus are a microcosm for the diverse mountain ranges of the western United States.
Construction of the SILAM Eulerian atmospheric dispersion model based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin

Abstract. The paper presents the transport module of the System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition SILAM v.5 based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin. This advection routine, so far weakly presented in the international literature, is positively defined, stable at any Courant number, and efficient computationally. We present the rigorous description of its original version, along with several updates that improve its monotonicity and shape preservation, allowing for applications to long-living species in conditions of complex atmospheric flows. The scheme is connected with other parts of the model in a way that preserves the sub-grid mass distribution information that is a cornerstone of the advection algorithm. The other parts include the previously developed vertical diffusion algorithm combined with dry deposition, a meteorological pre-processor, and chemical transformation modules. The quality of the advection routine is evaluated using a large set of tests. The original approach has been previously compared with several classic algorithms widely used in operational dispersion models. The basic tests were repeated for the updated scheme and extended with real-wind simulations and demanding global 2-D tests recently suggested in the literature, which allowed one to position the scheme with regard to sophisticated state-of-the-art approaches. The advection scheme performance was fully comparable with other algorithms, with a modest computational cost. This work was the last project of Dr. Sci. Michael Galperin, who passed away on 18 March 2008.
Regional unemployment and regional industrial diversity in New South Wales statistical districts 1996 to 2006

This paper explores the link between regional industry diversity and unemployment outcomes within the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) New South Wales (NSW) statistical districts, using 1996, 2001 and 2006 Census of Population and Housing data. This paper found that while there had been a considerable improvement in unemployment outcomes from 1996 to 2006 in all NSW SDists and especially those coming off high unemployment levels, variation from region to region still occur. Moreover, industry diversity, as measured by the National Averages Index approach, and as suggested in much of the literature as improving unemployment outcomes was not always able to explain this variation. Indeed, from this research, there seems to be no clear advantage, in itself, for either industry diversification or industry specialisation as a regional strategy for improving labour market performance. Further research seeking associations between level of industry specialisation/diversification and additional labour market variables is needed.
THE EFFICACY OF PREEMPTIVE EPIDURAL LEVOBUPIVACAINE AND MORPHINE FOLLOWING THE POSTERIOR FUSION SURGERY IN ADOLESCENTS PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL SCOLIO- SIS

Purpose: Congenital Idiopathic Scoliosis (CIS) is responsible for approximately 70% of all cases of scoliosis. Surgical correction of the CIS associated with severe postoperative pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the double epidural catheter placed before a posterior instrumentation on postoperative pain management. Methods: This randomized, prospective, double blind study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Using a sealed envelope technique patients, who were diagnosed as CIS were allocated one of the two groups. The study groups were as follows; Group I (n=15) “the postoperative intravenous morphine PCA”, Group II (n=15) “preoperative segmental epidural analgesia and postoperative intravenous (IV) PCA”. Standard anaesthesia protocol was applied in all patients. The MEP monitorization and measurements were done after the neuromuscular blockers washout. A standard epidural medication with levobupivacaine and morphine was prepared and administered patients in Group II for every segment to be operated before the surgical intervention. Standard IV morphine PCA was initiated in all patients. Preoperative hemodynamic and postoperative pain data (VAS and VPRS scores), morphine consumption at the first 24 hours and morphine related side effects were noted. Results: Groups were comparable for demographic data and MEP measurements. Patients in Group I experienced higher postoperative hemodynamic and VAS- VPRS data at rest, movement and stepping. Morphine consumption was higher in Group I compared to Group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: Initiation of a local anesthetic and opioid combination through double epidural catheter before scoliosis surgery provides improvement in pain levels and decreases IV morphine PCA consumption.
Exploring the potential of using undergraduates’ knowledge, skills and experience in research methods as a proxy for capturing learning gain

Abstract Learning gain is a politicised concept within contemporary HE, and as such has been aligned with agendas of teaching excellence and learning outcomes but the extent to which it captures actual learning has yet to be clarified. Here, we report the outcomes of a learning gain study which examines how students’ knowledge, skills and experiences as researchers develops throughout their studies. We examine data from a self-reporting survey administered across a university and college-based HE providers during students’ second year of undergraduate study. The data highlight disciplinary differences in student engagement with research methods and the significance of perceived relevance of research methods to students’ learning. These findings do have a bearing on the development of measures of learning gain as they are demonstrating the complexity of capturing student learning across disciplines. Our findings can be employed to develop a method of capturing learning gain that can be integrated into undergraduates’ research methods education.