Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Bracing and Taping, and the Influence of Light Finger Touch, During Unexpected Ankle Inversion Perturbations

Ankles are the most frequent site of musculoskeletal injury and a major cause for lost time in sports. Taping and bracing are commonly used to support unstable ankle joints. The purpose of this project was to evaluate whether taping or bracing effectively reduce ankle motion, or alter the timing or amplitude of muscle activation, during unexpected perturbations. 14 male subjects stood on their right foot on an inversion motion platform and underwent a sudden inversion. Half of the subjects had finger contact with a stationary touch platform and the other half was without finger touch contact. All subjects performed taped, braced and control trials. Surface EMG was recorded from the right soleus, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, gluteus medius and biceps femoris muscles, and an electrogoniometer measured ankle joint motion. Peak activations following the perturbation were quantified, and timing focused on the peroneus longus. There were no statistically significant differences in peroneal onset between touch and no touch, or between the different ankle support conditions. The peak angles in the braced and taped conditions were both significantly less than the control condition (40% change). There were no significant differences in peak muscle activation between the taped, braced and control conditions. Finger touch had significantly less peak muscle activation for soleus, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (12-25% reduction). In conclusion, both taping and bracing limited ankle inversion during an unexpected ankle perturbation, and light finger touch significantly decreased muscle activation in four of the muscles related to standing balance.
The Effect of 4-Week Training with Shoulder Kinesio-Taping on Shooting Accuracy of Young Archers

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of exercises done by the kinesio-taping technique with 4-week on target shooting accuracy in young archers using olympic recurve bow. Eight athletes (3 females-5 males) (age: 15.63 ± 1.85 years) who competed in different ages and categories were voluntarily participated in the study, with the consent of their families. Athletes trained for 4 weeks through exercising deltoid muscles on the shoulders of grasp arm with a kinesiology tape before training by the help of a specialis. They performed 10 series of arrow shots consisting of three shots a standard olympic recurve bow according to the rules of saloon (18 meter distance) before and after the athletic training. Shooting scores were recorded according to the international scoring system. To determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test shot scores, the paired sample t-test and a correlation analysis between them was performed. The statistical significance (p) value was taken as <0.05. Statistically significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test values of average score of the shooters (p <0.05). This increase in post-test shooting scores in the archers shows that the kinesio-taping on shoulders positively affects the shooting accuracy during 4 weeks of trainings. The use of this method, which is thought to improve shooting accuracy of archers.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF GAGEA FIBROSA AND ROMULEA RAMIFLORA

Free radicals involved in a number of diseases due to the oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins and which can result in failure of cellular functions. Dried plant bulbs and leaves methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared. Total antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of Romulea ramiflora and Gagea fibrosa were determined using �-caroten- linoleic acid assay. Romulea-Bulb-Ethanol (RBE) extract showed the highest (89.64 ± 1.25%) but, Romulea-Leaves-Ethanol (RLE) extract showed the lowest (33.23 ± 1.13%) antioxidant activity. The lowest antioxidant activity of the Gagea leaves extract (GLE - Gagea-Leaves-Ethanol, 46.18 ± 0.09%) was higher (p < 0.05) then Romulea Leaves Extract (RLE - 33.23 ± 1.13%). This may be related with the structure of the plant's leaves cells. The DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antiradical activities. Gagea-Leaves-Methanol extract (GLM - 61.16 ± 1.46%) has higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than Romulea-Bulb-Methanol extract (RBM - 51.27 ± 0.94%). Generally leaf extracts have the highest free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content of extracts was determined using to the Folin-Ciocalteu method. RBE has the highest phenolic content (74,12 ± 4,6 mg/100 g plant extract). R. ramiflora and G. fibrosa have the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. These properties are due to the number of the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic compounds, but not amount of them.
Effect of partially or totally replacing soybean meal and maize by chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) in lamb diets: growth performances, carcass and meat quality

Twenty-seven weaned Barbaresca lambs, divided on the basis of live weight into three groups of nine animals, were offered access to one of three different diets addressing the partial or to- tal replacement of soybean meal and maize by chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.). Soybean meal, maize and chickpeas were present in the diets in the following proportions (% on an as-fed basis): 13-30-0 (SBM); 7-18-20 (C20) and 0-0-42 (C42). The diets had similar crude protein (162.6, 163.9 and 166.4 g·kg -1 DM for SBM, C20 and C42 diets, respectively) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF: 265.8, 250.0 and 253.1 g·kg -1 DM, respectively). Lambs from the SBM and C20 groups tended ( P< 0.10) to grow faster compared to lambs from the C42 group (276 and 285 vs. 225 g·d -1 , respectively). Accord- ingly, final weight and empty body weight were higher ( P< 0.10) in the SBM and C20 groups than in the C42 group. Carcass fat score, caudal fat colour and firmness were not different across treatments. On hind leg dissection, a higher ( P< 0.10) lean/bone ratio was observed in C20 and C42 groups than SBM. Meat ultimate pH, colour coordinates, drip and cooking losses and shear force were not af- fected by diet as well as the chemical composition of the meat. In conclusion, partially replacing soy- bean meal and maize by 20% chickpeas did not negatively affect growth performance compared to totally replacing (42% chickpeas). Furthermore, the lean/bone ratio was more favourable in lambs fed diets with soybean meal and maize partially or totally replaced by chickpeas. Meat quality was not affected by the diet treatments.
Cylindrospermopsin in Water Supply Reservoirs in Brazil Determined by Immunochemical and Molecular Methods

It is reported for the first time in Brazil and South America the presence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in water supply reservoirs. CYN is a powerful hepatotoxic alkaloid implicated in outbreaks of human sicknesses. We detected CYN in different sources of water in Northeastern Brazil using molecular and immunological techniques. The highest concentrations of toxin occurred in the Jucazinho reservoir with the phytoplankton containing the potentially CYN-producing Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides (previously known as Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides). The polyketide synthase (PKS) and peptide synthetase (PS), which are directly related to the ability to produce CYN, were found in all the analyzed samples. The result of the present study emphasizes the need to improve monitoring of CYN in water bodies used for drinking and recreation, in order to avoid exposure of human populations to this toxin.
Psychometric Properties for the Brazilian Version of the New Ecological Paradigm – Revised

The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP-R) is one of the hallmarks for the measurement of ecological attitudes. Attention has been given to its psychometric properties during the last ten years, but no analyses have been conducted until now using an Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. With this purpose, a sample of 410 recruited responders answered the NEP-R’s 15 items in Brazilian Portuguese. An item analysis was conducted considering: dimensionality; reliability; discrimination; item information; and item/person hierarchy. The results for the principal component analysis of standardized residues supports a unidimensional structure. Results for item fi t coeffi cients (INFIT and OUTFIT) indicate that the items have good predictive power for the response patterns in the latent trait continuum representing ecocentrism. In turn, the results for person discrimination and item hierarchy point out that the scale is restricted as to the levels of diffi culty it represents. The fi ndings include that the most revealing items for environmental attitudes in a Brazilian sample consist of the set of items representing the “limits of growth” facet.
Global MHD simulations of Saturn's magnetosphere at the time of Cassini approach

We present the results of a 3D global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the magnetosphere of Saturn for the period of Cassini's initial approach and entry into the magnetosphere. We compare calculated bow shock and magnetopause locations with the Cassini measurements. In order to match the measured locations we use a substantial mass source due to the icy satellites (∼1 × 1028 s−1 of water product ions). We find that the location of bow shock and magnetopause crossings are consistent with previous spacecraft measurements, although Cassini encountered the surfaces further from Saturn than the previously determined average location. In addition, we find that the shape of the model bow shock and magnetopause have smaller flaring angles than previous models and are asymmetric dawn‐to‐dusk. Finally, we find that tilt of Saturn's dipole and rotation axes results in asymmetries in the bow shock and magnetopause and in the magnetotail being hinged near Titan's orbit (∼20 RS).
Coherent imaging with pseudo-thermal incoherent light

We investigate experimentally fundamental properties of coherent ghost imaging using spatially incoherent beams generated from a pseudo-thermal source. A complementarity between the coherence of the beams and the correlation between them is demonstrated by showing a complementarity between ghost diffraction and ordinary diffraction patterns. In order for the ghost imaging scheme to work it is therefore crucial to have incoherent beams. The visibility of the information is shown for the ghost image to become better as the object size relative to the speckle size is decreased, and therefore a remarkable tradeoff between resolution and visibility exists. The experimental conclusions are backed up by both theory and numerical simulations.
Comparison of MnO2 nanoparticles and microparticles distribution in CNS and muscle and effect on acute pain threshold in rats

Objective(s): Recently, applications of MnO2 nanoparticles and microparticles in industry, pharmacology, and medicine have considerably expanded. Mn distribution and clearance from brain and spinal cord tissue compared with muscle tissue of rats after single subcutaneous injection of nanoparticles and microparticle of MnO2. Pain sensory threshold of rat was evaluated as neurologic consequence of the particles on CNS activity of rats. Materials and Methods: Rats divided to control and two experimental groups. Each experimental group received a single subcutaneous injection of MnO2 nano- and microparticles, respectively. Acute pain thresholds of rats were evaluated by tail immersion method and its weight gain was recorded during these weeks. Samples taken from brain, spinal cord and muscle tissues of rats, once every 2 week for 8 weeks. The tissue Mn level was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method. Results: Both particles size passed from blood barriers. Unlike brain tissue, manganese completely cleared from spinal tissue after 8 weeks in both groups. Clearance of Mn from muscle tissue is not complete in both of the groups. Weight gain of rats in both groups was slower than control rats. In microparticle group, rats showed progressive analgesia (p<0.05). In nanoparticle groups, rats showed hyperalgesia for first 4 weeks and analgesia during remaining weeks. Conclusion: Change in MnO2 particles size affect on Mn distribution and clearance from central nervous system. Effect of particles on whole body metabolism varied with its size too. Finally, comparison of pain response of rats among particle treated groups indicates that neurobiological mechanism affected by particles is varied with their size during times after administration.
Improving the accuracy of the magnetic field integral equation with the linear‐linear basis functions

Basis functions with linear variations are investigated in terms of the accuracy of the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) and the combined‐field integral equation (CFIE), on the basis of recent reports indicating the inaccuracy of the MFIE. Electromagnetic scattering problems involving conducting targets with arbitrary geometries, closed surfaces, and planar triangulations are considered. Specifically, two functions with linear variations along the triangulation edges in both tangential and normal directions (linear normal and linear tangential (LN‐LT) type) are defined. They are compared to the previously employed divergence‐conforming Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson (RWG) and curl‐conforming × RWG functions. Examples are presented to demonstrate the significant improvement in the accuracy of the MFIE and the CFIE gained by replacing the commonly used RWG functions with the LN‐LT type functions.
Reduced Scale Experiment of Frequency Dependence of Single Spherical Biconcave Acoustic Lens for Ambient Noise Imaging

By the numerical analysis results using the Finite Difference Time Domain method in our previous studies, it was supposed that the spherical biconcave lens with an aperture diameter of 2.0 m has sufficient directional resolution (for example, the beam width is 1 deg at 60 kHz) for realizing the Ambient Noise Imaging (ANI) system. In this study, to confirm the directional resolution of the lens in a wide frequency band of 20‐100 kHz, we performed a reduced scale experiment of one‐fifth space in a water tank. The lens, made of acrylic resin, has an aperture diameter of 400 mm and a radius of curvature of 500 mm. A burst pulse of 25 cycles at 100, 200, 300, and 500 kHz, in which the frequency increases 5 times, was radiated from the sound source to the lens. The results show that the ‐3 dB area, whose pressure is 3 dB lower than the maximum at the image point, does not overlap each other at 300 and 500 kHz. It is supposed that the lens of 2.0 m aperture has the fine resolution over 60 kHz in the original scale.
Stages of Relationship Development A Comparison of Offline and Online Friendship Qualities at Different

The present study was designed to compare offline and online friendship qualities at different stages of relationship development. The sample consisted of 162 Hong Kong Internet users. They were asked to think of two friends, one they knew through face-to-face interactions and one they knew through the Internet, and then describe the qualities of their offline and online friendships. Results revealed that offline friendships involved more interdependence, breadth, depth, code change, understanding, commitment, and network convergence than online friendships. However, although the qualities of both online and offline friendships improved as the duration of the relationship increased, the differences between the two types of friendships diminished over time. Furthermore, contrary to the evidence typically found for offline friendships, the qualities of cross-sex online friendships were higher than that of same-sex online friendship. These results suggest that the influence of the structural and normative constraints typically found in face-to-face interaction may be different in the online setting.
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy Versus Medical Management in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with Signs of Raised Intracranial Pressure

Background: Mass effect is the major cause of death in cortical venous sinus thrombosis and there is no clear cut the role of decompressive hemicraniectomy. Aims: To study the outcome of patients with large venous infarct and acutely increased intracranial pressure subjected to either conservative treatment or decompressive surgery. Materials & Methods: 20 consecutive patients admitted with moderate to large venous infarct were examined for features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) . Cranial CT and or MRI and CT venogram or MR venogram and or cerebral DSA were examined for site of Sino venous occlusion. Results: There were 20 patients with 10 each in conservatively and surgically treated group. Cranial CT/MRI head revealed large venous infarct with midline shift and mass effect in all patients. Overall 15 of 16 survivors had good outcome at 3 months without any significant residual deficit irrespective of mode of treatment used. There is no statistical difference between medical and surgical groups in mRS 1 month, 3 months and death with p value 0.651, 0.185 and 0.474 respectively. Conclusion: Patient with large venous infarct with signs of raised intracranial pressure carries good overall outcome with timely care irrespective of conservative or surgical management.
Harming others’ task-related efforts: The distinct competitive effects of ranking information on performance and mastery goal individuals

This paper demonstrates that, when individuals with mastery goals and their exchange partners occupy increasingly higher ranks on a task (#4 and #5 vs. #51 and #52 or #96 and #97, on a top-100), they display stronger interpersonally harmful behavior in order to interfere with exchange partners’ task performance. In contrast, performance goal individuals damage the task performance of others more when ranks are low or high rather than average (#4 and #5 or #96 and #97 vs. #51 and #52). These results signify that social comparison information is processed differently by mastery and performance goal individuals. The resulting interpersonally harmful behaviors depend on whether such behavior is instrumental for their particular achievement goal pursuit or not.
Factors That Impact on Entrepreneurial Intention of Tertiary Students in Ghana

Entrepreneurship has been found as an important driver of economic growth, productivity and social development; hence the need for entrepreneurial graduate is on the increase. Thus the purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of polytechnic students in Ghana. In the study a model was proposed and empirically tested on a sample of 228 polytechnic students in Ghana. In the model, entrepreneurial intention is taken as a function of educational, community and family supports. The result of the survey showed that all the support factors impacts on students entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of this study have important implications for those who formulate, deliver and evaluate educational policies in Ghana. Based on the findings policy makers may make changes to foster students interest in entrepreneurship.
The occurrence of major potato viruses in Poland

The research was carried out in field conditions in Bonin in the north of Poland, in 1996-2009, and additionally in Bonin, Przechlewo (also in the north of Poland) and Stare Olesno located in the southern part of Poland, in 2008 and 2009. The outcome showed that Potato virus Y posed the most serious threat to potatoes. The share of progeny tubers infected by this pathogen was 32.5% (mean of 1996-2009) and was considerably higher in comparison to PVM (18.2%) and PVS (22.1%), and in particular to PLRV (15.3%). The additional research carried out in the years 2008 and 2009 in three places: Bonin, Przechlewo (located in the north of Poland) and Stare Olesno (south of Poland) included three potato cultivars of low resistance to PLRV. The results also showed a very low pressure of this virus in both years and in all places of the research. In Przechlewo, PLRV was not detected at all in progeny tubers. While in Stare Olesno and particularly in Bonin, the percentage of PLRV-infected tubers was very small. The average for years and the average for localities amounted to 2.1 and 0.3%, respectively. Whereas the share of tubers infected by PVY, PVM and PVS was considerably higher and ranged from 11.8% to 59.8% depending on the cultivar, year and place. The progeny tubers infected by PVY and PVM were mostly detected in the very early term of exposure(from the 21st of May to the 1st of June). Whereas PVS posed the most serious threat in a somewhat later term i.e. during the exposure of plants which lasted from the 1st of June to 11th of June.
Comparable disparity in the appendicular skeleton across the fish–tetrapod transition, and the morphological gap between fish and tetrapod postcrania

Appendicular skeletal traits are used to quantify changes in morphological disparity and morphospace occupation across the fish–tetrapod transition and to explore the informativeness of different data partitions in phylogeny reconstruction. Anterior appendicular data yield trees that differ little from those built from the full character set, whilst posterior appendicular data result in considerable loss of phylogenetic resolution and tree branch rearrangements. Overall, there is a significant incongruence in the signals associated with pectoral and pelvic data. The appendicular skeletons of fish and tetrapods attain similar levels of morphological disparity (at least when data are rarefied at the maximum sample size for fish in our study) and occupy similarly sized regions of morphospace. However, fish appear more dispersed in morphospace than tetrapods do. All taxa show a heterogeneous distribution in morphospace, and there is a clear separation between fish and tetrapods despite the presence of several evolutionarily intermediate taxa.
Interpretive claims and methodological warrant in small-number qualitative, longitudinal research

This article discusses issues of methodological warrant in a qualitative, longitudinal study that works with only a small number of subjects. The 12 to 18 Project was designed to contribute to research on gender, class and schooling. The rationale for a design using only 26 students spread between 4 schools is explained. It is argued that even with small number research issues of selection and comparison are important – but that emphasis on techniques of data-treatment and comparison is misplaced. It is argued that the meaningfulness and contribution of studies of this type lie in multiple acts of design, comparison, reflexive interpretation and dialogue with the broader field, and that the more that such studies emphasize technical analytic procedures, the more they undermine their warrant to be anything other than a report on a small sample. Illustrations of interpretations of the data and from the data are given.
The Medical Migration: Experiences and Perspectives of Medical Students for the Professional Career

The purpose of this paper is to present a short overview over the determinants and implications of medics’ international migration and to determine if the international migration of medics can be considered a predictable phenomenon, from the Romanian medical student’s perspective. The study has been conducted on a group of students from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa” from Ia[i, Romania. The research was conducted on an availability sample of 158 students from the 3rd to 6th year of study, which responded to an auto-administrated questionnaire. The results are in accordance with the results of other similar studies, namely that students are considering international migration to more developed countries as an option for their career development.