Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Membrane Trafficking in Regulation of Cdc42 Polarity

Vesicle delivery of Cdc42 has been proposed as an important mechanism for generating and maintaining Cdc42 polarity at the plasma membrane. This mechanism requires the density of Cdc42 on secretory vesicles to be equal to or higher than the plasma membrane polarity cap. Using a novel method to estimate Cdc42 levels on post‐Golgi secretory vesicles in intact yeast cells, we: (1) determined that endocytosis plays an important role in Cdc42's association with secretory vesicles (2) found that a GFP‐tag placed on the N‐terminus of Cdc42 negatively impacts this vesicle association and (3) quantified the surface densities of Cdc42 on post‐Golgi vesicles which revealed that the vesicle density of Cdc42 is three times more dilute than that at the polarity cap. This work suggests that the immediate consequence of secretory vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane polarity cap is to dilute the local Cdc42 surface density. This provides strong support for the model in which vesicle trafficking acts to negatively regulate Cdc42 polarity on the cell surface while also providing a means to recycle Cdc42 between the cell surface and internal membrane locations.
Diagnostic accuracy of immunofluorescence versus immunoperoxidase staining to distinguish immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis and C3 dominant glomerulopathy

The technique used for classification of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) has been changed from an electron microscopy‐based to an immunofluorescence (IF)‐based semiquantitative technique with immunoperoxidase (IP) staining as a backup option when IF is not possible. Since data on that matter is lacking, our aims were to study the interobserver variability, the correlation and the reclassification of MPGN based on these two techniques.
Quantitation of IgG, IgA and IgM in the CSF by radioimmunoassay

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for quantitating IgG, IgA and IgM in unconcentrated CSF has been developed. The amounts and percentages of these immunoglobulins in CSF from 31 normal individuals were determined. Using these values as normal, CSF from patients with syphilis, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied. Abnormalities were detected, indicating the potential relevance of more extensive study of the CSF immunoglobulins. CSF from patients with myotonic dystrophy and myasthenia gravis was normal. RIA was compared with rocket electroimmunodiffusion (EID) for the quantitation of IgG. Although RIA consistently gave lower absolute values, both assays reliably detect elevated IgG in CSF. However, an advantage of RIA is its capacity to quantitate IgA and IgM.
The development of an ID model for collaborative learning in mobile learning environments

This study involves the development and validation of an Instructional Design (ID) model for collaborative learning in mobile learning (m-learning) environment. The study's phases consist of the following: three round Delphi method and validation of the formulated ID model. Collaborative learning model is involved into the ID model of this study. The ID model plays an essential role for collaborative learning in planning, implementing, and evaluating teaching and learning activities using mobile devices systematically. In addition, as innovative technologies such as clouding computing and social networking services change current teaching and learning environments, it is needed to offer teachers diverse instructional supports and develop the instructional design model for collaborative learning in m-learning environments. Thus, the results of this study can be utilized as meaningful resources for specific realization of the model.
Acculturation and depressive symptoms in latino caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults

ABSTRACT Background: Caregiving for older adults is a growing public health concern because of the negative psychological effects it has on caregivers. Despite the growing Latino caregiver population, little is known regarding how the effects of acculturation on caregiver depressive symptoms might vary by caregiver age. This study aimed to examine the relationship between language acculturation and depressive symptoms in Latino caregivers, and to test whether this relationship was moderated by age. Methods: Ninety-four Latino caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults with and without dementia were identified through an ongoing epidemiological cohort study. Caregivers were interviewed in their homes, in either Spanish or English. A Poisson regression was used to analyze the caregiver characteristics associated with caregiver depressive symptoms. Results: Language acculturation was positively associated with caregiver depressive symptoms, as was age, female gender, and being married or living with someone. Those with excellent or good health and who had spent more than one year caregiving had lower depressive symptoms. Finally, the positive relationship between language acculturation and depressive symptoms was increased in older caregivers. Conclusions: Language acculturation appears to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms in Latino caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults. The relationship between language acculturation and depressive symptoms is complex such that caregiver age and health status further nuance this relationship. Future research should explore the independent and interactive effects of these variables on depressive symptoms.
Sources of primary school teachers’ self-efficacy in dealing with bullying among students: A case study in rural primary school teachers in Sarawak.

Whenever a teacher deals with bullying it is also very important for students to have teacher whom they see as taking an active stand against bullying in terms of propagating anti bullying norms and having an efficacious approach to decreasing bullying. But there is also evidence suggesting that teachers might be less effective in dealing with bullying among students in schools. On the other hand, it is not fair to judge or perceive a teacher as less effective or less efficacious when comes to dealing with bullying because the development of teachers’ self-efficacy in this matter could be influenced by some variables that serve as sources of efficacy among teachers. As the one who actually engaged in dealing with this destructive behavior, little attention was paid to sources of influence of teachers self-efficacy in dealing with bullying among students in primary school setting. This quantitative research utilizes a correlation method in order to examine the relationship between various sources of influence and teacher sense of efficacy when dealing with bullying among students in rural primary schools. Based on the standardized regression coefficients (βs) indices of direct effects of each predictor variable on each sub scale of teacher selfefficacy in dealing with bullying among students, Verbal Persuasion and Physiological Arousal had significantly predicted Behavioral Self-efficacy, Cognitive Self-efficacy and Emotional Self-efficacy in dealing with bullying among students in primary school. Based on the finding of this study, verbal persuasion and physiological arousal are prominent predictors of teacher selfefficacy in dealing with bullying among students in rural primary schools. It is recommended that teacher preparation or teacher developmental programs regarding the issue of bullying among students in rural primary schools, explicitly address these two influences with specific types of training and educational experiences that focus on mastery building through cognitive and meta cognitive strategies, cultivating self-regulation competencies, and establishing a social support system.
Comparative Analysis of Extremely Thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor Species Reveals Common and Unique Cellular Strategies for Plant Biomass Utilization

ABSTRACT Microbiological, genomic and transcriptomic analyses were used to examine three species from the bacterial genus Caldicellulosiruptor with respect to their capacity to convert the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass at 70°C to simple sugars, acetate, lactate, CO2, and H2. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, C. kronotskyensis, and C. saccharolyticus solubilized 38%, 36%, and 29% (by weight) of unpretreated switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) (5 g/liter), respectively, which was about half of the amount of crystalline cellulose (Avicel; 5 g/liter) that was solubilized under the same conditions. The lower yields with C. saccharolyticus, not appreciably greater than the thermal control for switchgrass, were unexpected, given that its genome encodes the same glycoside hydrolase 9 (GH9)-GH48 multidomain cellulase (CelA) found in the other two species. However, the genome of C. saccharolyticus lacks two other cellulases with GH48 domains, which could be responsible for its lower levels of solubilization. Transcriptomes for growth of each species comparing cellulose to switchgrass showed that many carbohydrate ABC transporters and multidomain extracellular glycoside hydrolases were differentially regulated, reflecting the heterogeneity of lignocellulose. However, significant differences in transcription levels for conserved genes among the three species were noted, indicating unexpectedly diverse regulatory strategies for deconstruction for these closely related bacteria. Genes encoding the Che-type chemotaxis system and flagellum biosynthesis were upregulated in C. kronotskyensis and C. bescii during growth on cellulose, implicating motility in substrate utilization. The results here show that capacity for plant biomass deconstruction varies across Caldicellulosiruptor species and depends in a complex way on GH genome inventory, substrate composition, and gene regulation.
Morphometric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory system in elasmobranchs: The significance of structure–function relationships based on phylogeny and ecology

This study investigated the relationship between olfactory morphology, habitat occupancy, and lifestyle in 21 elasmobranch species in a phylogenetic context. Four measures of olfactory capability, that is, the number of olfactory lamellae, the surface area of the olfactory epithelium, the mass of the olfactory bulb, and the mass of the olfactory rosette were compared between individual species and groups, comprised of species with similar habitat and/or lifestyle. Statistical analyses using generalized least squares phylogenetic regression revealed that bentho‐pelagic sharks and rays possess significantly more olfactory lamellae and larger sensory epithelial surface areas than benthic species. There was no significant correlation between either olfactory bulb or rosette mass and habitat type. There was also no significant difference between the number of lamellae or the size of the sensory surface area in groups comprised of species with similar diets, that is, groups preying predominantly on crustaceans, cephalopods, echinoderms, polychaetes, molluscs, or teleosts. However, some groups had significantly larger olfactory bulb or rosette masses than others. There was little evidence to support a correlation between phylogeny and morphology, indicating that differences in olfactory capabilities are the result of functional rather than phylogenetic adaptations. All olfactory epithelia exhibited microvilli and cilia, with microvilli in both nonsensory and sensory areas, and cilia only in sensory areas. Cilia over the sensory epithelia originated from supporting cells. In contrast to teleosts, which possess ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor types, no ciliated olfactory receptor cells were observed. This is the first comprehensive study comparing olfactory morphology to several aspects of elasmobranch ecology in a phylogenetic context. J. Morphol. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real earnings management and the cost of debt capital: international evidence

ABSTRACT This study examines the association between the extent of real earnings management and the cost of debt capital in an international setting. Using a sample of 14,654 observations across 18 countries from 1987 to 2013, we find that on average, the extent of real earnings management is positively associated with the cost of debt capital. Moreover, we find that debt investors impose more premiums on the cost of debt capital for the firms in countries with more developed debt markets. This study contributes to the literature in the following ways: To begin with, this is the first international study to examine the effect of firms’ real earnings management on the cost of debt capital. Next, this study suggests that the association between the extent of real earnings management and the cost of debt capital varies depending on the institutional environment of the country a firm is based in. Finally, this study implies that financial policy makers need to extend bond market development in order to encourage debt investors to price the negative effects of real earnings management on the firm’s future performance.
One-Step Maxillary Sinus Augmentation in Association With Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Introduction:Sinonasal anatomical anomalies and inflammatory conditions may reduce success rates of maxillary sinus elevation (MSE) procedures used to allow implant placement in the atrophic posterior maxilla. Approaches combining endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and MSE were firstly proposed by our group and have already been described in the literature. This article aims to re-evaluate the procedure in a larger sample of patients comparing results and indications with the pertaining literature. Materials and Methods:Thirty-three patients (19 men and 14 women, mean age 52.79 ± 11.95 years) underwent combined ESS/MSE with 48 MSE procedures performed. Results:No intraoperative complications were reported. An uneventful and complete graft integration was obtained after 6 months in all but one patient. All patients completed prosthetic rehabilitation within 9 to 12 months. Conclusion:Combined ESS and MSE has proven to be a safe and reliable procedure, which can be proposed to selected patients presenting with reversible sinonasal contraindications to MSE and should be no more considered an experimental procedure.
The Economic Origin of Treasury Excess Returns: A Cycles and Trend Explanation

In this paper we try to understand the economic explanation of the difference in predictability afforded by the old and the new-generation return-predicting factors. To do so, first we show that the Cieslak-Povala (2010) approach can be expressed in terms of a conditional prediction of where the level and the slope of the yield curve should be, given long-term inflation. We then explore whether this interpretation is valid, or whether, as Cochrane (2015) argues, the Cieslak-Povala factor simply owes its effectiveness to its acting as a de-trender. We answer this question by decomposing excess returns into low- and high-frequency components; by showing that the old and new return-predicting factors capture very different periodicities of the return power spectrum; and by showing that a high speed of mean-reversion is required for the high-frequency part of the spectrum. We conclude that creating strongly mean-reverting cycles is key to predicting excess returns effectively, and explore to what extent the Cieslak-Povala approach may be 'special' in this respect. We give a financial interpretation to the low- and high-frequency sources of excess returns, and, based on the understanding this decomposition affords, we show how to build almost by inspection a whole class of extremely parsimonious, robust and financially-motivated return-predicting factors which forecast in- and out-of-sample returns as well or better than factors built using many more variables.
Rural Conservatism or Anarchism? The Pro‐state, Stateless, and Anti‐state Positions

Popular discourse today so weds rurality and conservatism together in the United States that one does not seem quite at home without the other. But what is it really about the rural that beckons slapjack labels of conservatism? Scholars and practitioners, only a handful of them rural sociologists, have suggested a variety of explanations: antigovernmentalism, religion, lack of education, manual labor, poverty, primitivism, and a culture of poverty, among others. Each of these approaches, though, misses a sustained agent of rural dispossession and depopulation: the state. This article theorizes rural politics through pro-state, stateless, and anti-state positions. I bridge literature that documents the state as an agent of industrialization, extraction, exploitation, consolidation, and corporatization in rural America and literature on politics and the rural. In the process of my review, I suggest anarchism can help explain the significance and potential of the stateless and anti-state positions in rural politics.
Overview of generalized monopulse estimation

Monopulse is an established technique for radar angle estimation. One can show that monopulse estimation is based on a general approximation derived from maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. This tutorial provides a derivation of this relation and presents extensions of this monopulse principle to multi-dimensional array and parameter estimation problems, in particular to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) with reduced dimension, subarrays and generalized sidelobe canceller (GSLC) configurations. The performance of these monopulse applications can be predicted by exploiting the distribution of the monopulse ratio. It is demonstrated that this distribution is more realistic than the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Several examples of performance of monopulse estimators are given for thinned and fully filled planar arrays, adaptive beamforming with and without low sidelobes, GSLC, and STAP. Finally, conditions for estimates with low variance are discussed
Consumer participation in early detection of the deteriorating patient and call activation to rapid response systems: a literature review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This review investigated the impact of consumer participation in recognition of patient deterioration and response through call activation in rapid response systems. BACKGROUND Nurses and doctors have taken the main role in recognition and response to patient deterioration through hospital rapid response systems. Yet patients and visitors (consumers) have appeared well placed to notice early signs of deterioration. In response, many hospitals have sought to partner health professionals with consumers in detection and response to early deterioration. However, to date, there have been no published research-based reviews to establish the impact of introducing consumer involvement into rapid response systems. DESIGN A critical research-based review was undertaken. METHODS A comprehensive search of databases from 2006-2014 identified 11 studies. Critical appraisal of these studies was undertaken and thematic analysis of the findings revealed four major themes. RESULTS Following implementation of the consumer activation programmes, the number of calls made by the consumers following detection of deterioration increased. Interestingly, the number of staff calls also increased. Importantly, mortality numbers were found to decrease in one major study following the introduction of consumer call activation. Consumer and staff knowledge and satisfaction with the new programmes indicated mixed results. Initial concerns of the staff over consumer involvement overwhelming the rapid response systems did not eventuate. Evaluation of successful consumer-activated programmes indicated the importance of: effective staff education and training; ongoing consumer education by nurses and clear educational materials. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated positive patient outcomes following introduction of consumer call activation programmes within rapid response systems. Effective consumer programmes included information that was readily accessible, easy-to-understand and available in a range of multimedia materials accompanied by the explanation and support of health professionals. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Introduction of consumer-activated programmes within rapid response systems appears likely to improve outcomes for patients experiencing deterioration.
Time perception differences in children with and without ADHD.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare time perception in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with use of a time reproduction task. METHODS The sample consisted of 60 children (30 with ADHD and 30 without ADHD) ranging in age from 9 to 12 years. Children were asked to watch a light, verbally estimate how long the light was illuminated, and hold a lever in a depressed position for the same amount of time they thought the light was on. Each child participated in 16 trials of 3, 6, 12, or 24 seconds for a total of 64 trials. RESULTS Children with ADHD had significantly greater absolute discrepancy scores on the time reproduction task (F(1,58) = 10.878; P <. 01) than did children in the control group. In addition, children with ADHD had greater increases in absolute discrepancy scores across time intervals (F(3,174) = 82.08; P <. 01). DISCUSSION Poor time perception affects the performance of social skills and other adaptive behaviors such as health consciousness and concerns for safety. The findings of this study indicate that children with ADHD have impaired time perception compared with children who do not have ADHD.
Alterations in adipokines in feline hepatic lipidosis.

BACKGROUND Feline hepatic lipidosis (HL) is associated with alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The adipokines, adiponectin, and leptin have lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects. HYPOTHESIS Serum concentrations of adiponectin and leptin are altered in feline HL. ANIMALS Client-owned cats: 55 healthy and 45 with liver disease. METHODS Cats with liver disease were categorized as having HL (n = 20), HL and concurrent disease (n = 19), or other liver disease (n = 6), based on clinical signs, laboratory findings, abdominal ultrasound examination as well as liver cytopathology, histopathology, or both. Serum samples were collected and body condition score determined. RESULTS Mean serum concentrations of adiponectin were higher in overweight cats with HL (4.5 μg/mL), HL and concurrent disease (4.4 μg/mL), or other liver disease (6.1 μg/mL), as compared with healthy cats (1.5 μg/mL; P < .001, P < .001, and P = .04, respectively). Mean serum concentration of leptin was higher in cats with HL (9.8 ng/mL) or HL and concurrent disease (10.7 ng/mL) than healthy cats (4.9 ng/mL, P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Cats with other liver disease had leptin concentration (4.9 ng/mL) similar to healthy cats. Concentrations of adiponectin were correlated with alanine aminotransferase activity (r = 0.40, P = .0069), and concentrations of leptin were correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity (r = 0.42, P = .0051) in cats with liver disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Adipokine concentrations are altered in feline HL. Increased concentrations of adiponectin are related to liver disease, whereas increased concentrations of leptin are specifically related to HL.