Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Chronic Postoperative Groin Pain

Postoperative groin pain is a common complaint following surgery of the abdomen and groin. Although this pain usually resolves in the early postoperative period, some experience prolonged, debilitating pain lasting months to years. There is currently a lack of consensus as to the appropriate transition from medical to surgical management of these patients. A retrospective review of 19 consecutive patients with postoperative pain symptoms suspicious for neuropathic origin was undertaken. Neuromas or entrapment of 1 or more nerves was identified in all patients. Improvement of pain and quality of life was reported in 84%, with a minimum 1 year's follow-up. Average preoperative and postoperative pain was 7.6 and 1.2, respectively, a statistically significant reduction. This study confirms high success rates for patients surgically treated for chronic postoperative groin pain when proper selection criteria and appropriate surgical techniques are applied. A management approach is proposed and the surgical technique is described for treatment of these patients.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenaseS , a sperm-specific glycolytic enzyme , is required for sperm motility and male fertility

*Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, and Departments of †Cell and Developmental Biology and §Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; ‡Gamete Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; ¶Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; and **Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Study of the effect of different hole sizes on mechanical strength of wafers for back contact solar cells

Drilling process on wafers to produce EWT or MWT solar cells is a critical fabrication step, which affects on their mechanical stability. The amount of damage introduced during drilling process depends on the density of holes, their size and the chemical process applied afterwards. To quantify the relation between size of the holes and reduction of mechanical strength, several sets of wafers have been prepared, with different hole diameter. The mechanical strength of these sets has been measured by the ring on ring bending test, and the stress state in the moment of failure has been deduced by FE simulation.
Clinical Characteristics and Time Trends in Etiology of Hepatocellular Cancer in Germany

Introduction: The incidence of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) continues to rise in Europe with a shift of the primary cause towards alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolic factors like diabetes mellitus and overweight have been identified as significant risk factors for HCC development. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis in a large single-center cohort of 650 patients diagnosed with HCC was performed. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, tumor stage at diagnosis and survival were evaluated. Results: Among 650 patients (aged 17-87 years, with a male: female ratio of 4:1), 80.8% had underlying liver cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse was identified as the only risk factor for liver cirrhosis in 52.2% of patients. Viral infection with hepatitis C and hepatitis B was present in 13.7 and 3.6% of patients, respectively. 66.1% of patients with HCC were overweight with a body mass index exceeding 25, 25.5% even exceeding 30; 52% of patients had diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Strategies aiming at prevention and surveillance of patients at risk to develop HCC in the future need to widen the focus from patients with chronic viral hepatitis and a history of alcohol abuse to patients with metabolic risk factors.
On parameter identification in stochastic differential equations by penalized maximum likelihood

In this paper we present nonparametric estimators for coefficients in stochastic differential equations if the data are described by independent, identically distributed random variables. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear ill-posed operator equation with a deterministic forward operator described by the Fokker–Planck equation. We derive convergence rates of the risk for penalized maximum likelihood estimators with convex penalty terms and for Newton-type methods. The assumptions of our general convergence results are verified for estimation of the drift coefficient. The advantages of log-likelihood compared to quadratic data fidelity terms are demonstrated in Monte-Carlo simulations.
An Envelope Modification That Renders a Primary, Neutralization-Resistant Clade B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate Highly Susceptible to Neutralization by Sera from Other Clades

ABSTRACT SF162 is a primary (PR), non-syncytium-inducing, macrophagetropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade B isolate which is resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization. Deletion of the first or second hypervariable envelope gp120 region (V1 or V2 loop, respectively) of this virus does not abrogate its ability to replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary macrophages, nor does it alter its coreceptor usage profile. The mutant virus with the V1 loop deletion, SF162ΔV1, remains as resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization as the wild-type virus SF162. In contrast, the mutant virus with the V2 loop deletion, SF162ΔV2, exhibits enhanced susceptibility to neutralization by certain monoclonal antibodies whose epitopes are located within the CD4-binding site and conserved regions of gp120. More importantly, SF162ΔV2 is now up to 170-fold more susceptible to neutralization than SF162 by sera collected from patients infected with clade B HIV-1 isolates. In addition, it becomes susceptible to neutralization by sera collected from patients infected with clade A, C, D, E, and F HIV-1 isolates. These findings suggest that the V2, but not the V1, loop of SF162 shields an as yet unidentified region of the HIV envelope rich in neutralization epitopes and that the overall structure of this region appears to be conserved among clade B, C, D, E, and F HIV-1 PR isolates.
Relationship between plasma lipid profile and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients

This study aimed to determine the relationship between plasma lipid profile and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. A cross sectional study was done in Ophthalmologic Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta for 52 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Data collected were demographic, life style, duration of diabetes, physical and antropometric examinations, fat, fatty acid and cholesterol intake, fasting plasma glucose, A1C, total-, LDL-,HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level, and fundus examination. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test to see the associations between plasma lipid profile and DR in type 2 diabetes patients. Subjects comprised of 20 males and 32 females diabetes patients with mean age of 53.8 ± 5.2 years. As much as 53.8% had been diagnosed as DM for >10 years. The mean value of BMI was 24.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2 and 38.5% were classified as obese I and II. The mean value of fasting plasma glucose was 157.5 ± 71.8 mg/dL, and A1C was 9.1 ± 2.4 %. For lipid profile, 40.4% had high total cholesterol level (>240 mg/dL), 34.6% had high and very high LDL-cholesterol level (≥160 mg/dL), and 65.4% had normal HDL-cholesterol (40-60 mg/dL) and triglyceride level (<150 mg/dL). For the severity of retinopathy, 61.6% had severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopahy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopahy (PDR). In conclusion, there were no significant associations between plasma lipid profile and the severity of diabetic retinopathy. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 221-5) Keywords: Fat intake, lipid profile, diabetic retinopathy
ROLE OF SOCIOCULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE CAUSE OF SCABIES

A house‐to‐house survey for scabies was done in a semiurban area with a population of 1727 from 273 families in 253 households, to study the sociocultural and environmental factors in families with scabies. It was found that sleeping habits, overcrowding for sleeping space and sharing of clothes, towel, etc, were significantly associated with scabies. There was no significant correlation between the size of family and the number of persons infected with scabies per family. The prevalence of scabies within the families was almost the same either with good hygiene, satisfactory hygiene or unsatisfactory hygiene. The factors significantly associated with the disease were observed to be more frequent among Christian families than among Hindus and were thought to be responsible for higher prevalence of the disease within the Christian families.
Micromorphological differences between some European and American Fraxinus (Oleaceae) species

Micromorphological differences in leaves and pollen between two American (Fraxinus americana L., F. pennsylvanica Marshall) and two European (F. angustifolia Vahl, F. excelsior L.) ash species were studied using scanning electron microscope. The types, dimensions and distribution of characteristic trichomes were established and measured. Capitate hairs on the leaves had the same shape in all researched ash species. Acicular hairs were regularly present in two American ash species, but very rarely in the glabrous phase of F. angustifolia and F. excelsior. Only F. americana had coronulate abaxial surface of leaves. Pollen of F. angustifolia and F. excelsior had 3 (tricolpate) apertures, and F. americana and F. pennsylvanica 4 (stephanocolpate) apertures. Based on the appearance of the reticulum it’s possible to clearly distinguish all four species. F. angustifolia and F. pennsylvanica had muri with transversal ridges and seldom granules. Muri of F. excelsior and F. americana had slightly visible transversal ridges, and because of that noticeable granules.
The mechanism of the force response to stretch in human skinned muscle fibres with different myosin isoforms

Force enhancement during lengthening of an active muscle, a condition that normally occurs during locomotion in vivo, is attributed to recruitment of myosin heads that exhibit fast attachment to and detachment from actin in a cycle that does not imply ATP splitting. We investigated the kinetic and mechanical features of this cycle in Ca2+ activated single skinned fibres from human skeletal muscles containing different myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, identified with single‐fibre gel electrophoresis. Fibres were activated by using a new set‐up that allows development of most of the tension following a temperature jump from 0–1°C to the test temperature (∼12°C). In this way we could prevent the development of sarcomere non‐uniformity and record sarcomere length changes with a striation follower in any phase of the mechanical protocol. We found that: (i) fibres with fast MHC isoforms develop 40–70% larger isometric forces than those with slow isoforms, as a result of both a larger fraction of force‐generating myosin heads and a higher force per head; (ii) in both slow and fast fibres, force enhancement by stretch is due to recruitment of myosin head attachments, without increase in strain per head above the value generated by the isometric heads; and (iii) the extent of recruitment is larger in slow fibres than in fast fibres, so that the steady force and power output elicited by lengthening become similar, indicating that mechanical and kinetic properties of the actin–myosin interactions under stretch become independent of the MHC isoform.
Rupture of the gravid uterus in a tertiary health facility in the Niger delta region of Nigeria: A 5-year review

Background: Ruptured uterus is a major life-threatening condition encountered mostly in developing countries and is an index of failure of obstetric care at a point in time in a woman's reproductive career. With worsening economic condition, increasing caesarean section rates, and patients’ aversion for operative delivery this condition would still remain a major obstetric matter for discussion. Objective: To identify the incidence, sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, causes, and outcome of ruptured uterus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective study of cases of ruptured uterus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was carried out. The case notes of 40 patients with uterine rupture during the period 2003-2007 were analyzed. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, etiologic factors, clinical presentation, and outcome. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2007 and SPSS 14.0 computer software. Results: The incidence of rupture of the gravid uterus was 1:258 deliveries. In patients with rupture of the gravid uterus, 65% (26) of patients were unbooked; 37.5% (15) were aged between 25 and 29 years. A total of 42.5% (17) of patients had secondary education and 21 (52.5%) were housewives. Rupture of a previous scar was the commonest etiologic factor accounting for 32.5% (11). The commonest presentation was abdominal pain in 92.5% of cases. Perinatal mortality and maternal mortality were 80% and 17.5% respectively. Conclusion: Rupture of the gravid uterus still remains a major cause of maternal mortality. Injudicious use of oxytocics should be discouraged in peripheral health facilities and reinforcement of the need for hospital based deliveries in patients with previous caesarean sections should also be intensified to improve outcome.
Oxidation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to 10-formyldihydrofolate by complex IV of rat mitochondria.

We hypothesized that the unanticipated bioactivity of orally administered unnatural carbon-6 isomers, (6R)-5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-HCO-THF) and (6S)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH-THF), in humans [Baggott, J. E. , and Tamura, T. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1472, 323-32] is explained by the rapid oxidation of (6S)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-HCO-THF), which is produced by in vivo chemical processes from the above folates. An oxidation of 10-HCO-THF produces 10-formyldihydrofolate (10-HCO-DHF), which no longer has the asymmetric center at carbon-6 and is metabolized by aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (AICAR) transformylase forming bioactive dihydrofolate. Since cytochrome c (Fe(3+)) rapidly oxidizes both (6R)- and (6S)-10-HCO-THF [Baggott et al. (2001) Biochem. J. 354, 115-22], we investigated the metabolism of 10-HCO-THF by isolated rat liver mitochondria. We found that 10-HCO-THF supported the respiration of mitochondria without uncoupling ATP synthesis. The site of electron donation was identified as complex IV, which contains cytochrome c; the folate product was 10-HCO-DHF, and the reaction was saturable with respect to 10-HCO-THF. Both (6S)- (unnatural) and (6R)-10-HCO-THF supported the respiration of mitochondria, whereas (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-HCO-THF) was inactive. To our knowledge, this cytochrome c oxidation of 10-HCO-THF to 10-HCO-DHF in the mitochondrial intermembrane space represents a possible folate metabolic pathway previously unidentified and would explain the bioactivity of unnatural carbon-6 isomers, (6R)-5-HCO-THF and (6S)-5,10-CH-THF, in humans.
Travel medicine for Asian travelers--do we need new approaches?

Travel medicine evolved as an interdisciplinary field in the late 1980s with an initial focus on travelers from Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand (referred to as “Western” countries) visiting developing countries. The basis of travel medicine was to try to decrease the risks of disease and injury for individual travelers when visiting environments perceived as having excess health risks compared to the home country. Owing to economic growth in large parts of Asia, the number of outbound travelers from this region is dramatically increasing. In 1990, only 50 million Asians traveled abroad, while this number reached 100 million in the year 2000 and 190 million in 2010. 1 The outbound tourism growth rate among Asian travelers is the highest in the world. Thus, travelers from Asia are becoming a major proportion of world tourism. In 1980 less than 10% of international travelers were from Asia. This proportion doubled in 2010 and it is expected to reach 30% in 2030, equal to 500 million. 1 So far, the concept of travel medicine is not well known in Asia among both travelers and health care professionals. Only 21% to 40% of Asian travelers sought pre‐travel health information before their trip; 2,3,4 this proportion being far lower as compared to 60% to 80% in “Western” travelers. 5,6 Recent evidence is even more concerning; only 4% of Chinese travelers who traveled to high malaria risk areas visited a travel clinic before their trip, 7and only 5% of Japanese travelers who traveled to developing countries … Corresponding Author: Watcharapong Piyaphanee, MD, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. E‐mail: watcharapongpiy{at}mahidol.ac. th
Do Women with Gestational Diabetes Require Cardiovascular Risk

Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are growing at an alarming rate and are emerging public health problems, both in the developed and low middleincome countries (LMIC). Their major economic, social and healthcare impacts are likely to be seen more in LMIC, as these countries harbor 80% of people with diabetes [1]. Similarly, 80% of the global burden of CVD deaths occurs in developing country [2]. Approximately 5% of the pregnancies develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (ranging from 1 to 14%). However, its incidence is likely to rise in developing countries due to increased prevalence of obesity [3]. According to the guidelines from the American Heart Association, GDM is a risk factor for future CVD [4]. Hence, there is an urgent need to screen GDM pregnancies for early detection of cardiovascular events later in life.
Prostaglandin D2 release by endometrium and myometrium

Summary. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) release was studied using a super‐fusion technique in endometrium and myometrium obtained at hysterectomy from 36 women with measured menstrual blood loss (range 4–840 ml). PGD2 was produced by both tissues with greater rates from endometrium. Cyclical changes in release were found only in the endometrium with increased rates during menstruation and the midluteal phase. In the myometrium the highest release rates were present during menstruation at the start of the superfusion. No significant correlation was found between menstrual blood loss and endometrial or myometrial PGD2 release.
Diabetes Type 1 and 2: What is Behind a Classification?

At present, we wonder if the current classification of diabetes agrees with the new advances At the molecular genetic level. Every day we can see an exponential increase of type 1 and 2 diabetes anywhere in the world. On the other hand, although several clinical and biochemical characteristics have been described in order to differentiate between both types of diabetes, this does not seem satisfactory for all cases when facing the patient. These characteristics are: (a) The presence of a strong familiar history of diabetes, obesity, acanthosis nigricans, and lack of ketoacidosis and auto-antibodies against antigens of pancreatic b-cells islets supports the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes; (b) In contrast, patients with type 1 diabetes are usually thin and with ketoacidosis; almost 90% of them have autoantibodies at the onset of the disease. Nevertheless, in the last decades numerous reports described adults and adolescents (usually from minority groups) presenting ketoacidosis with lack of antibodies and characteristics of type 2 diabetes such as obesity, acanthosis nigricans and/or one significant familiar history of diabetes (Pinhas-Hamiel et al., 1997; Pinhas-Hamiel & Zeitler, 1999;). Until very recently, most children and adolescents diagnosed with the disease were diagnosed as type 1 diabetes; however, there have recently been numerous reports describing an increase in the number of cases of type 2 diabetes in youngsters (Dabelea et al., 1998; Hathout et al., 2001; Neufeld et al., 1998; Pinhas Hamiel et al., 1996; Scott et al., 1997). Epidemiological data suggests that type 1 and 2 diabetes can coexist in the same family (Kolb & Mandrup-Poulsen, 2005; Libman & Becker, 2003). The potential importance of formulating a specific diagnosis has been emphasized, as this could determine the type of treatment, associated complications, and outcomes (Fagot et al., 2001; Pinhas-Hamiel & Zeitler, 1999). The current criteria for defining diabetes (Asociacion Latinoamericana de Diabetes [ALAD], 2010; American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2010) do not always explain neither the evolution of the disease in different patients or the different responses of individuals to treatments. These facts are suggesting the importance
Collaborative network governance: Understanding Social Capital dimensions

The present paper addresses the issue of Social Capital dimensions considering its application for collaborative network governance. The objective of the project is to understand how collaborative networks can be influenced considering the perspective of Social Capital. Initially, we present the most important Brazilian Wine Cluster, where the present work will be implemented. We defend the importance of linking Social Capital in collaborative networks as an integrator concept. In this sense, a theoretical model to analyze the linking of the Social Capital approach in collaborative networks is presented. In this model, we defend four elements of analysis: identity building, power relations, evaluation process and network performance.
EVA as Superior Performance Measurement Tool

Prior to the East Asian financial crisis scholars found the necessity of a true financial performance measure in Malaysia. After more than one decade of the crisis Malaysian firms still stick with the conventional performance measures, which are criticised due to general accepted accounting principles. In this vein, this study aims to study a value based financial performance measure which can be adopted by the Malaysian firms over the conventional measures currently used. Economic Value Added (EVA) was introduced and advocated by Stern Stewart and Co. in 1982. This study intended to identify why EVA should be used as financial performance measure over the conventional measures and any added value or added advantage in EVA compare to conventional methods. EVA has been able to gain attention of the corporate giants like Coca-Cola, Sprint Corporation and Quaker Oats, as it is able to depict the true profitability of the company, however, there have been very little research conducted on EVA in Asian countries including Malaysia.
Neurodevelopmental processes and psychological functioning in autism

Autism is a developmental disorder with variable severity, occurring at all levels of cognitive ability and having a number of slightly different clinical presentations. It is associated with neuropsychological deficits that occur in other conditions also, but its pattern may be specific to autism. Genetic and environmental early insults to brain development are etiological determinants of the disorder. Brain circuitries important for social, communicative, and integrational purposes have been suggested to be dysfunctional in autism. There could be at least two different pathways to autism, one connected with primary temporofrontal dysfunction (and late prenatal–early postnatal origins) and another linked to primary brain-stem dysfunction (and early prenatal origins). Further study of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological processes in autism will help elucidate not only the pathological mechanisms involved in the specific syndromes but also the underpinnings of normal brain development.