Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translation's histories and digital futures

Drawing on Latour’s actor-network-theory and De Landa’s robot historian, this essay asks in what ways translation’s past is a prehistory of the present and to what extent nonhuman agents have shaped and are shaping translation. In particular, it examines the impact of computational media on translation and finds that the difference made by the computer as a convergence medium is that, for the first time in history, one medium has become capable of presenting in its entirety the media history of translation. To grasp the changes that translation is undergoing in the 21st century therefore requires a comparative understanding of its relations to the mediascapes of the past, present, and future.
Code-Switching as a Multilingual Strategy in Conversations among Indonesian Graduate Dtudents in the US

Choosing what language to use and what cultural values to adopt may be problematic for international students undertaking cross-border studies in the U.S. This –problem occurs simply because the students bring with them the various cultural values and beliefs, and language-related identities with them in a new linguistic environment. This paper aims at identifying the major patterns of language use among Indonesian students in the U.S. and the reasons of Indonesian students in choosing particular languages in conversations.The study involved eighteen Indonesian students undertaking master and doctoral studies in some American universities. The survey and interview methods are used to gather the data. The results of the survey and interview disprove my previous prediction that the inter-or intrapersonal mechanism, such as community or institutional norms, accommodation, politeness, physical condition such as fatigue or laziness, and rationality may determine the speakers' language choices. This study indicated that that Indonesians in the U.S. might be aware of the importance of influences such as, cultural values that may directly or indirectly impact the language preference, and some unpredictable and violable arrangements for language choice, such as exclusion/inclusion of others in addition to the apparent communal perception of English as the accepted institutional and social password in the U.S. Additionally, I learned that the students' multilingual strategy was reflected in. their ability to 'play safe' in using the languages in multilingual interactions, by selecting the most comfortable languages in conversations without neglecting others who were within their earshot.
Frequency of Enuresis in Primary School Children in Basra and its Impact on Their Growth

Background: Nocturnal enuresis is common clinical problem in children. Although it is considered as a benign symptom, it causes substantial distress and presents significant psychosocial problems for children and their parents. It is now generally accepted that 15 to 20 % of children will have some degree of bed-wetting at five years of age, with a spontaneous remission rate of approximately 15 % per year. Enuresis is an important urologic problem. It may have a significant impact on the child’s growth and development. Subjects and methods: This is a cross- sectional with case control study carried out on (675) primary schools children; aged (6-7) years. Over a period of 5 months from (2nd of January 2009 till the end of May 2009). Total of (129) children with no history of bed-wetting were randomly selected as control group. A standard questionnaire was filled out for each student. The ages of the children were obtained from birth record maintained in the school; other information were obtained through a direct interview with the parents. All enuretic children and controls were under went physical Examination to assess their height and weight. Result: Sixty four students had NE, the overall frequency of NE was (9.48%). (53.1%) were boys and (46.9%) were girls. Family history of enuresis was reported in (57. 8%), (1.3%) of enuretic and non enuretic children respectively. The result was statistically significant, p value <0.05. Enuresis was mainly nocturnal of primary type. Children with NE had lower body mass index (BMI), weight and height for age compare to their control group. Conclusion: Nocturnal enuresis can serve as easily noticeable indicator for delays in some spheres of child growth. Since enuresis and other stressful conditions in family can cause growth failure in children, the treatment of enuresis and eliminating stressful condition could be an effective measure in improving children's physical growth. In this paper, we describe the submission guidelines for preparing papers for the Asian Journal of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences (AJPNMS). Use this document as a template with Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. The abstract body is typed in Times New Roman, 10 pt. italic and in bold face.
Assessment of hygiene practices of pork retail outlets in Kampala district, Uganda

This study was conducted to map the distribution of pork retail outlets as well as assess their role in food borne disease transmission. Using a structured questionnaire, practices associated with hygiene related to infrastructure, workers, and equipment were assessed. Sources of pork were assessed to determine whether pork had undergone inspection, as were socio economic determinants of hygiene outcomes and risk factors for foodborne disease. There were 158 pork outlets in the five divisions of Kampala. Overall, 68% of the pork was from places where slaughtering was not authorized (ungazetted) and meat inspection not carried out. Worker hygiene score was highest (average 71%), followed by infrastructure (68.2%) and equipment (47.3%). There was a significant relation between good hygiene and the presence of a public health certificate. However only 42% of the outlets had a public health certificate. Holding a public health certificate is an important predictor of good practices.
Strategic Asset Allocation, Asset Price Dynamics, and the Business Cycle

The main contribution of this work is to provide a dynamic general equilibrium model of asset allocation, allowing to reconcile economic theory with several puzzling contradictions recently pointed out in the literature: (i) the asset allocation puzzle, (ii) the observed timevariation in aggregate portfolio holdings and (iii) the occurrence of twin peaks in equity and house prices. In this approach, compared to the existing literature, the main difference stems from the fact that, in addition to consumption and dividends, both prices and portfolio decisions are allowed to be endogenously determined within a general equilibrium framework. Secondly, real estate is introduced into the analysis, labor supply is allowed to be endogenously determined and macroeconomic shocks are the main source of riskiness.
Status of grey seals along mainland Europe from the Southwestern Baltic to France

An air bag inflator (10) includes inflation fluid stored in a chamber (18). The inflator (10) includes a combustible sheet member (100) which comprises an oxidizable substrate, such as a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and a layer of a fuel material, such as magnesium, on the substrate. The combustible sheet member (100) is disposed in a perforated tube (90) in the chamber (18). The combustible sheet member (100), when ignited by an igniter (70), emits combustion products through openings (98) in the perforated tube (90) to warm and increase the pressure of the inflation fluid in the chamber (18). The inflation fluid includes 5% to 20% oxygen to support the combustion of the combustible sheet member (100).
Analysis of the national early infant diagnosis dataset, Zimbabwe: 2007 to 2010

Zimbabwe introduced the early infant diagnosis (EID) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed infants in 2007. Data captured through this initiative has never been analysed in detail. A detailed EID data analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in reducing HIV transmission. A retrospective record review of the national EID dataset for the period of January, 2007 to August, 2011 was conducted. Secondary data analysis was done to calculate EID population coverage and HIV positivity amongst samples tested, to compare effectiveness of PMTCT regimens among tested children, and to determine the correlation between mode of delivery and infant outcomes. EID population coverage increased from 1% in January, 2007 to 38% by August, 2011, far below universal access target of 80%. Of the samples tested, HIV positivity showed an apparent decline from 38% in 2007 to 11% in 2011. HIV positivity in infants born vaginally was comparable to those delivered by caesarean section for the years 2010 (p-trend 0.427) and 2011 (p-trend 0.99). Both maternal and infant antiretroviral (ARV) prophylactic regimens were found to reduce HIV positivity significantly (p-trend < 0.001). The national EID database is an important and readily available tool for monitoring and evaluating the PMTCT program and paediatric HIV trends. The Ministry of Health through its PMTCT programme should regularly use this data to inform prioritization of PMTCT interventions. Increased access to both maternal and infant ARV prophylactic drug regimens is critical, if the target of eliminating paediatric HIV by 2015 is to be met in Zimbabwe. Key words: Early infant diagnosis, PMTCT, ARV prophylaxis, Zimbabwe.
Documentos de Trabajo Subjective Well-Being in the Southern Cone : Health , Income and Family

The happiness literature provides evidence on various factors, other than money, that do seem to contribute to individual happiness. As one explores the produced “happiness economics” literature, it is direct to understand the difficulty to find proper information on developing countries reality. In our analysis we investigate the relationship between income, family composition, health and religion over subjective well-being in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay). Specifically, we analyze data from the SABE survey a study conducted among people who are 60 years old or over, in various Latin American countries. Main obtained results show a positive correlation between higher levels of income and health, being married and the frequent religion practice and higher levels of subjective well-being. On the contrary, malnutrition has a negative impact on happiness indicators. In order to add robustness to our results and to deal with endogeneity issues, this paper uses different indicators of well-being, alternative estimation models such as a semiparametric one and a propensity score approach for the treatment of marriage. JEL classification: I31, I10, J14, J12
Generic strategies employed by food and beverage firms in Kenya and their effects on sustainable competitive advantage

The focus of this study was on competitive strategies that firms adopt in the Kenya beverage industry in order to create above average performance. The fundamental basis of above industry performance is sustainable competitive advantage which is either created by low cost or differentiation strategy. The study aimed at establishing the generic strategies food and beverage firms in Kenya employ for sustainable competitive advantage. This research entailed a descriptive study design. Descriptive design uses a set of scientific methods to collect raw data and create data structures that are used to describe the existing characteristics of a defined target population. This study sought to do that among the F & B firms in Kenya. The study population consisted of 138 food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya registered with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) by 2011. The data was tested for central tendency and dispersion after confirmation of normal distribution by appropriate tests of normality. Since the sample size was 32 (over the minimum 30 required for statistical analysis), regression analysis was carried out and interpretation of results of tests of hypothesis done. The research showed that 56.2 percent of the firms embrace duo strategies of cost leadership and differentiation simultaneously while 25 percent were exclusively on cost leadership and 18.8 percent were exclusively using differentiation. The use of dual strategies is a company survival tactic in terms of diversification of risks especially in very competitive environments like that of the Kenyan F&B industry. Results from Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient between the dependent variable Y and the independent variables X1 and X2 gave coefficients of 0.653 and 0.279 respectively which was an indication of positive correlation.
PETROGENESIS OF THE METACARBONATE AND RELATED ROCKS OF THE SILGARÁ FORMATION, CENTRAL SANTANDER MASSIF, COLOMBIAN ANDES: AN OVERVIEW OF A "REACTION CALCIC EXOSCARN

Metacarbonate rocks (pure and impure marbles, carbonate-silicate rocks, calc-silicate rocks and carbonate-bearing silicate rocks) form a very complex group within the metamorphic sequence of the Silgara Formation at the central Santander Massif (CSM). These rocks are interpreted as derived from a sedimentary sequence (including limestones and dolostones, carbonate-bearing mudstones, sandstones, tuffaceous and evaporitic sediments and marlstones) overprinted by near-isochemical regional metamorphism. They usually appear as scarce intercalations from millimeter up to meter scale, within the high-grade pelitic rocks, in the lower part of the metamorphic section, although the proportion of metacarbonate rocks can be higher and different marble layers are exploited. We report for the first time the occurrence of a "reaction calcic exoskarn", which corresponds to such metacarbonate rocks, taking into account that a skarn can be developed during regional metamorphism and by different metasomatic processes, adjacent to intrusive bodies, along faults and shear zones, and what defines these rocks as a skarn is its mineralogy, which includes a variety of calc-silicate and associated minerals, usually dominated by garnet and pyroxene. Therefore, this paper focus attention to the occurrence of metacarbonate and related rocks, which occurs as small scale reactions zones that show a gradational contact from garnet-bearing pelitic rocks to marbles or carbonate-silicate rocks, giving particular interest to the calc-silicate rocks, which are characterized by the presence of elongated grains of banded clinopyroxene (diopside) and scapolite and massive or scattered garnet. Several reaction-zones occur in the contact between impure calcite marble and garnet-bearing metapelite and the sequence of mineral assemblages in these reaction zones is: biotite + plagioclase K-feldspar  garnet (Zone I), biotite + plagioclase  K-feldspar  garnet  staurolite  epidote (Zone II), plagioclase + amphibole  garnet  epidote (Zone III), amphibole + diopside + garnet + plagioclase (Zone IV), plagioclase + diopside  scapolite (Zone V), epidote  calcite (Zone VI), and calcite  dolomite (Zone VII).
Beliefs Regarding Faculty Participation in Peer Reviews of Online Courses

Prior to implementing a voluntary, unofficial Quality Matters peer review process for online courses at our institution, several faculty members openly expressed concerns about the process. To systematically identify and examine how highly endorsed these beliefs actually were, we used the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985) to investigate faculty beliefs and their plans to participate in the peer review. This behavior prediction model provided a logical theoretical basis for this investigation because it targets intentions to perform volitional behaviors and directly examines salient beliefs underlying attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward the behavior. Though differences in belief endorsement between faculty members who chose to participate in the peer review and those who did not could not be tested statistically due to small sample sizes, a qualitative examination of the endorsement of the modal belief statements provided useful information about faculty members’ perceptions of completing the peer review. Our results indicated that many of the concerns and criticisms of the peer review process were not as highly endorsed as initially assumed. Our objective examination of faculty beliefs, instead of reliance on hearsay and a vocal minority, was useful in identifying genuine faculty concerns that could be directly addressed. Our data provided directions to guide administrative changes in our process to increase participation in internal peer reviews with the goal of improving the online course design quality.
Annealing Effect of Temperature on the Optical Properties of Nanostructure CdS Films

Cadmium Sulfide polycrystalline thin films were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath technique at deposition temperature of 60 o C from a bath containing cadmium chloride, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide and thiourea. The structure and the crystallite size of these films were studied by X-ray diffraction. The optical properties: absorption, transmission, reflection, band gap, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and refractive index as a function of annealed temperature were measured. The influence of thermal treatment under various annealing temperature on the optical properties for some deposited films were studied and discussed.
The Negotiation of Leisure Citizenship: Leisure Constraints, Moral Regulation and the Mediation of Rural Place

Abstract This paper extends the constraints of leisure literature by demonstrating how materials are circulated to regulate and constrain leisure behaviour in the countryside. It is argued that constraints in the form of moral regulation should be recognised as part of the constraints literature. The development of the Country Code in England 1 is regarded as part of a long‐term and ongoing effort to extend governance and control by means of informal and semi‐formal codes of conduct. Crucially, however, the Code has changed over time and may act as a means of placating different interests in the countryside as much as observably constraining them. The Code is seen as a constraint project mediated between groups and is found to be contested and reworked over time. Drawing on key concepts expounded in Bourdieu’s post‐structural social theory it is argued that actors occupy positions within social fields and draw on their own habitus, other dispositions of power and imaginations to co‐construct leisure regulation and behaviour. Such conceptual devices should more properly be viewed as contingent dispositions that are subject to challenge and revision. As such the more diffuse and circulatory constraints affect practices differentially. A need for more attention to this in leisure studies research and a recognition of how different constraints are experienced and responded to is needed.
Prescribing trends in respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Polypharmacy and irrational prescribing in respiratory diseases are common practice worldwide. Keeping in consideration this scenario, present study was undertaken to analyze the drug utilization pattern of respiratory tract infections. Methods: This drug utilization study was conducted by Pharmacology department at SGRRIM & HS to analyze drug utilization pattern of respiratory infections. A total of 585 prescriptions were collected from hospital and randomly evaluated for prescribing pattern using WHO drug indicators. Results: A total of 585 prescriptions were analyzed. Male:Female ratio was 1:0.77. Age wise distribution was done; 81(13.84%) 0-15 years, 54(9.23%) 16-30 years, 198(33.84%) 31-45 years, 75(12.82%) 46-60 years and 177(30.25%) patients belongs to >60 years of age group respectively. A total of 4869 drugs were prescribed, 2754(56.56%) antibiotics, 675(13.8%) bronchodilators, 630(12.93%) corticosteroids, 303(6.22%) antacids, 507(10.41%) in miscellaneous category respectively. 2562(52.61%) oral, 1491(30.62%) injectable and 816(16.75%) inhalational drugs were prescribed. Numbers of Fixed dose combinations were 645(13.24%). 8.32 drugs were prescribed per prescription. 2409(49.47%) drugs were prescribed from national essential medicine list 2015. 4320(88.72%) drugs were prescribed by their brand names. Conclusions: Irrational prescribing and polypharmacy was observed. The drug utilization studies are important tool to sensitize and increases awareness among physicians, which ultimately improves rational prescribing and patient care.
Better understanding epidemiology of Panama disease of banana

This study involved traditional and molecular methods to track the movement of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) in the vascular system of banana. Traditional studies were conducted in the field using naturally-infected Lady finger banana plants, and molecular studies are currently being conducted at UQ using banana plants artificially-inoculated with GFP-transformed Foc isolates in the glasshouse. Panama disease is a polycyclic disease where inoculum causing infection is produced in individual plants infected during the course of the epidemic. This field study clearly demonstrated that the sap produced in such plants will be contaminated with Foc, and will contribute to epidemic build-up if allowed to contaminate the soil. Thus, sap as a source of inoculum is very important when managing disease containment. The study also suggested that the laticifers are not colonised by Foc and that when a pseudostem is cut, the sap from the laticifers is contaminated by inoculum from severed vascular strands and/or associated necrotic tissues. It is difficult to separate these tissues, but results suggest that mycelial fragments may come from severed vascular strands or xylem fluid, and microconidia from necrotic cells adjacent to the vascular bundles. It is anticipated that GFP-transformed isolates being used in the experiment at UQ will provide more definitive evidence on the systemic infection process of Foc in banana. It will determine whether movement in the vascular tissue is via mycelial growth or microconidia, and may explain why the incubation and latent periods for the disease are often so long. Chemical intervention to reduce inoculum levels may be possible but will require much more detailed research. The production of a volatile chemical (bicyclo(4,2,0) octa-1, 3, 5-triene) detected in this study by race 4 strains of Foc in culture is interesting and presents the opportunity for detection of disease by “sniffer” dogs before external disease symptoms are produced. Whether this chemical is produced in infected plants is yet to be determined.