Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic source imaging and ictal SPECT in MRI‐negative neocortical epilepsies: Additional value and comparison with intracranial EEG

Purpose: To investigate the utility of magnetic source imaging (MSI) and ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), each compared with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) (ICEEG), to localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and predict epilepsy surgery outcome in patients with nonlesional neocortical focal epilepsy.
Case study interpretation—New Orleans: Case 5

CASE HISTORY The patient is an 81-year-old gentleman who was referred to the hematology/oncology service for worsening fatigue and skin lesions. His past medical history is significant for myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed 5 months ago. He was symptomatically treated and followed a relatively stable course until approximately 1 month ago. At that time, he noticed multiple skin lesions over his trunk and legs, and also became increasingly fatigued with exertional dyspnea, finding himself short of breath after climbing one flight of stairs. Laboratory data were significant for 30% circulating blasts, neutropenia (ANC 1⁄4 0.96/mm), macrocytic anemia (Hgb 7.7 g/dL, MCV 109.6), and thrombocytopenia (52 10/L). A bone marrow biopsy was performed for further evaluation (Fig. 1).
Validation of long‐term survival prediction for scheduled abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with an independent calculator using only pre‐operative variables

We observed survival after scheduled repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 1096 patients for a median (IQR [range]) of 3.0 (1.5–5.8 [0–15]) years: 943 patients had complete data, 250 of whom died. We compared discrimination and calibration of an external model with the Kaplan–Meier model generated from the study data. Integrated Brier misclassification scores for both models at 1–5 postoperative years were 0.04, 0.08, 0.11, 0.13 and 0.16, respectively. Harrel's concordance index at 1–5 postoperative years was 0.73, 0.71, 0.68, 0.67 and 0.66, respectively. Groups with median 5‐year predicted mortality of 40% (n = 251), 18% (n = 414) and 8% (n = 164) had lower observed mortality than 114 patients with 70% predicted mortality, hazard ratio (95% CI): 0.58 (0.37–0.76), p = 0.0031; 0.30 (0.19–0.48), p = 1.7 × 10−12 and 0.19 (0.13–0.27), p = 1.3 × 10−10, respectively, test for trend p = 5.6 × 10−15. Survival predicted by the external calculator was similar to the Kaplan–Meier estimate.
Why I Hit Him: Women's Reasons for Intimate Partner Violence

This study examines motives for intimate partner violence (IPV) among a community sample of 412 women who used IPV against male partners. A “Motives and Reasons for IPV Scale” is proposed, and exploratory factor analyses identified five factors: expression of negative emotions, self-defense, control, jealousy, and tough guise. To our knowledge, the study is the first to investigate the relationship between women's motives for IPV and their perpetration of physical, psychological, and sexual aggression, as well as coercive control, toward partners. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed participants' aggression was driven by complex, multiple motives. All five motives were related to a greater frequency of perpetrating IPV. Treatment programs focusing on women's IPV perpetration should address both defensive and proactive motives.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL SURVIVAL OF SYNGENEIC ISLETS TRANSPLANTED INTO HYPERGLYCEMIC C57BL/6J VERSUS C57BL/KsJ MICE

C57BL/KsJ (BKs) male mice were more sensitive to diabetes induction by administration of multiple low-doses of streptozotocin (Sz) than were C57BL/6J (B6) male mice. Analysis of islet size and insulin content of the two parental strains did not indicate that differences in drug sensitivity could be attributed to an effect of genetic background on islet size or insulin content. 50 BKs islets implanted into the spleens of BKs male mice made diabetic by Sz were eliminated within 12 days posttransplantation, whereas an equal number of B6 islets implanted into the spleens of diabetic B6 recipients were retained, even though the numbers of islets implanted were insufficient to effect remission from hyperglycemia. In contrast to the rapid loss of islets implanted into spleens of hyperglycemic BKs recipients, BKs islets implanted into spleens of normoglycemic recipients were not eliminated, thus suggesting that the basis for the differential survival between the B6 and BKs strains reflected their ability to survive hyperglycemic stress rather than a differential ability to replicate. Since BKs beta cells have been shown to respond to hyperglycemia by expression of an endogenous retroviral gene that cannot be expressed by B6 beta cells, the possibility that this differential survival represents a strain difference in autoreactivity against islet cells is raised.
Who has Pap tests? Variables associated with the use of Pap tests in absence of screening programmes.

Characteristics associated with the use of Pap tests were studied in a random sample of 581 women 18-69 years old; residents of Turin, Italy. There has been no organized screening programme in the area. (Tests possibly related to symptoms were not considered). Data were analysed by multiple logistic regression. Some 48% of women had never had a smear. The prevalence of women ever undergoing a Pap test was higher in middle-aged, married and more educated women (p less than 0.001 in all these cases). We found a linear trend (p less than 0.05) related to time since last visit to the family physician. A number of 'preventive' behavioural practices (physical exercise, no alcohol consumption) and experience of early diagnostic procedures for cancer e.g. BSE and mammography, were also associated with ever having had a Pap smear. The prevalence of ever-tested women was significantly lower among lifetime non-smokers than among ex-smokers and current smokers who planned to stop smoking but not lower than in current smokers who did not plan to stop. Results were similar when having had a test within the last three years was taken as the outcome. These results may be useful in planning screening strategies and educational programmes designed to improve attendance in an organized screening programme.
Accessing the World of Doctors and their Computers: 'Making available' objects of study and the research site through ethnographic engagement

The present invention relates to an antenna comprising a plurality of feeds, and either a single reflector or a single lens wherein the reflector or lens includes a predetermined curved major surface that produces a maximum field of view in a first one of two principal planes of the antenna. The major curved surface is designed to produce a first and a second "stigmatic" focal point, which are spaced apart by a predetermined amount on either side of an axis normal to the center of the reflector or lens in the first principal plane, such that the coefficient of astigmatism is at a maximum predetermined tolerable amount at the center and at the opposite edges of the maximum field of view to produce a peanut-shaped area where the coefficient of astigmatism is within tolerable limits. For the lens design, the plurality of feeds can be disposed within the peanut-shaped area, while for the reflector design the feeds should preferably be disposed within the peanut-shaped area where no antenna aperture blockage occurs.
Spatial versus temporal instabilities in a parametrically forced stratified mixing layer

A spatial instability of parametrically excited stratified mixing layer flows is considered together with the related temporal instability problem. A relatively simple iteration procedure yielding solutions of both temporal and spatial problems is proposed. Using this procedure a parametric analysis of the temporal and spatial Kelvin–Helmholtz and Holmboe instabilities is performed and characteristic features of the instabilities are compared. Both inviscid and viscous models are considered. The parametric dependence on the mixing layer thickness and on the Richardson and Reynolds numbers is studied. It is shown that in the framework of this study the Gaster transformation is valid for the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, but cannot be applied to the Holmboe one. The neutral stability curves are calculated for the viscous flow case. It is found that the transition between Kelvin–Helmholtz and Holmboe instabilities is continuous in the spatial case and in the temporal case occurs via the codimension-two bifurcation at which a complex pair of the leading eigenvalues merges into a multiple real eigenvalue. It is also found that for the same governing parameters the spatial upstream and downstream Holmboe waves have different amplification rates and different absolute phase velocities, with larger difference observed at larger Richardson numbers. It is shown that at large Richardson and small Reynolds numbers the primary temporal and spatial instabilities set in as a three-dimensional oblique Holmboe wave.
Number of accelerometer monitoring days needed for stable group-level estimates of activity

To determine the number and distribution of days required to produce stable group-level estimates of a 7 d mean for common accelerometer-derived activity measures. Data from the 2003–2006 NHANES were used in this analysis. The sample included 986 youth (6–19 year) and 2532 adults (⩾20 year) with 7 d of ⩾10 h of wear. Accelerometer measures included minutes of inactive, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); and total activity counts/d. Twenty-five alternative protocols were bootstrapped with 50 000 samples drawn for each protocol. Alternative protocols included: 1–6 random days, Saturday plus 1–5 random weekdays (WD), Sunday plus 1–5 random WD, 1 random weekend day (WE) plus 1–5 WD, and both WE plus 1–4 random WD. Relative difference was calculated between the 7 d mean and alternative protocol mean (((alternative protocol mean – 7 d mean)/7 d mean) * 100). Adult MVPA is used as an example; however, similar trends were observed across age groups and variables except adult inactive time, which was stable across protocols. The 7 d mean for adult MVPA was 44.1(0.9) min d−1. The mean bias for any 1–6 random days ranged from −0.0(0.3) to 0.0(0.2) min d−1 with a relative difference of −0.1 to 0.0%. For protocols with non-random components, bias ranged from −1.4(0.2) to 0.6(0.1) min d−1 with relative difference ranging from −7.2 to 3.1%. Simulation data suggest that stable estimates of group-level means can be obtained from as few as one randomly selected monitoring day from a sampled week. On the other hand, estimates using non-random selection of weekend days may be significantly biased. Purposeful sampling that disproportionally forces inclusion of weekend data in analyses should be discouraged.
WISE J072003.20-084651.2: AN OLD AND ACTIVE M9.5 + T5 SPECTRAL BINARY 6 pc FROM THE SUN

We report observations of the recently discovered, nearby late-M dwarf WISE J072003.20-084651.2. New astrometric measurements obtained with the TRAPPIST telescope improve the distance measurement to 6.0 ± 1.0 pc and confirm the low tangential velocity (3.5 ± 0.6 km s−1) reported by Scholz. Low-resolution optical spectroscopy indicates a spectral type of M9.5 and prominent Hα emission ( ⟨ log 10 L H &agr; / L bol ⟩ ? > = −4.68 ± 0.06), but no evidence of subsolar metallicity or Li i absorption. Near-infrared spectroscopy reveals subtle peculiarities that can be explained by the presence of a T5 binary companion, and high-resolution laser guide star adaptive optics imaging reveals a faint (ΔH = 4.1) candidate source 0 &farcs; 14 ? > (0.8 AU) from the primary. With high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, we measure a stable radial velocity of +83.8 ± 0.3 km s−1, indicative of old disk kinematics and consistent with the angular separation of the possible companion. We measure a projected rotational velocity of v sin i = 8.0 ± 0.5 km s−1 and find evidence of low-level variabilty (∼1.5%) in a 13 day TRAPPIST light curve, but cannot robustly constrain the rotational period. We also observe episodic changes in brightness (1%–2%) and occasional flare bursts (4%–8%) with a 0.8% duty cycle, and order-of-magnitude variations in Hα line strength. Combined, these observations reveal WISE J0720-0846 to be an old, very low-mass binary whose components straddle the hydrogen burning minimum mass, and whose primary is a relatively rapid rotator and magnetically active. It is one of only two known binaries among late M dwarfs within 10 pc of the Sun, both of which harbor a mid T-type brown dwarf companion. We show that while this specific configuration is rare (≲1.6% probability), roughly 25% of binary companions to late-type M dwarfs in the local population are likely low-temperature T or Y brown dwarfs.
Effects of Phytosterols on Growth Performance and Fat Metabolism in Broilers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet supplemented with different levels of phytosterols (PS) on growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers. A total of four hundred 1-day-old chicks (female: male =1:1) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments, each of which replicated 5 times with 20 chicks per replicate. Birds were fed with a basal diet without any additive (control), or supplemented with PS at 30, 40, or 50mg/kg for 42 d. The results showed that PS had no significant (P>0.05) effect on growth performance during the whole experimental period of 1 to 42d of age. The highest levels of serum free fatty acid were found in diets supplemented with PS at 40mg/kg and 50 mg/kg in female and male chickens, respectively (P<0.05). PS had no significant influence (P<0.05) on the serum triglycerides compared with the controls in chickens. Serum fatty acid synthetase was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all chickens supplemented with PS compared with the control. In addition, hepatic fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c mRNA expressions in the 40 mg/kg and 50mg/kg PS treatments were found to be lower (P<0.05) than those in other treatments. It is concluded that PS, as feed additives, had a positive effect on lipolysis by inhibiting the enzymes related to lipolysis. Diets supplemented with 40mg/kg and 50mg/kg of PS had a better effect in female than in male chickens, respectively.
The efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy for acute hypomania or mania in an outpatient setting

&NA; Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of olanzapine for treating acute mania or depression symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication in more usual care outpatient settings. A consecutive series of 15 patients entered an open, uncontrolled 8‐week trial of olanzapine monotherapy. Inclusion criteria included significant hypomanic or manic symptoms greater than or equal to 15 on the Young Mania Rating Scale and no psychotic symptoms. The majority of patients experienced significant decreases in mania ratings and more limited improvement on depression ratings. Most patients reported adverse events consistent with other studies, but few discontinued due to these complaints. This case series highlights the individual variation in response to a proven medication. Furthermore, it highlights that those medications effective at one end of the mood spectrum may not be equally or simultaneously effective with other symptoms, emphasizing the complexity of treating bipolar illness.
Adipose, bone and muscle tissues as new endocrine organs: role of reciprocal regulation for osteoporosis and obesity development

Abstract The belief that obesity is protective against osteoporosis has recently been revised. In fact, the latest epidemiologic and clinical studies show that a high level of fat mass, but also reduced muscle mass, might be a risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Furthermore, increasing evidence seems to indicate that different components such as myokines, adipokines and growth factors, released by both fat and muscle tissues, could play a key role in the regulation of skeletal health and in low bone mineral density and, thus, in osteoporosis development. This review considers old and recent data in the literature to further evaluate the relationship between fat, bone and muscle tissue.
Tuberculosis - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection: Bidirectional effect

Summary Tuberculosis (TB) remained a major public health problem all over the world with high incidence particularly in developing countries. There has been a global resurgence of TB in the last decades and the majority of these cases occur in the impoverished countries of Africa, Asia and South America. This is largely due to the pandemic of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); the direct effect being immunodeficiency caused by HIV, which leads to an increased risk of developing TB in those with latent infection, increased risk of re-infection and a higher probability of new infection, with a rapid progression of active TB. On the other hand, TB shortens the survival of patients affected with HIV infection and accelerates the progression of HIV infection to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The objective of this manuscript was to review the existing literature on TB/HIV co-infection, compile and avail for the readers. Furthermore, the pathological and immunological mechanisms in TB/HIV co-infection were discussed. Due emphasis was given on the effect of one on the other. Lastly, relevant recommendations were forwarded.
Overcoming resistance to fulvestrant (ICI182,780) by Downregulating the c‐ABL Proto‐Oncogene in breast cancer

Inhibiting estrogen receptor (ER) function with specific estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) can achieve a primary response in cancer patients; however, intrinsic or subsequently acquired resistance to the therapy remains a major obstacle in treatment. The pure anti‐estrogen fulvestrant has been shown to be a promising antagonist of ERα in treating advanced breast cancer. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms governing cellular responsiveness to this agent is limited. Here we show that down‐regulation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c‐ABL enhanced sensitization to fulvestrant in breast cancer cells. Blocking c‐ABL kinase activity with the inhibitor imatinib further increased ERα downregulation induced by fulvestrant, decreased the number of proliferating cells entering the cell cycle, and increased cellular sensitivity to fulvestrant treatment. Conversely, introducing kinase‐activated c‐ABL can rescue fulvestrant‐induced ERα downregulation. Consistent with the effects of imatinib, the silencing of endogenous c‐ABL increased the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to fulvestrant treatment. These results demonstrate a role for c‐ABL in mediating resistance to the pure anti‐estrogen fulvestrant. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of angiotensinogen gene haplotypes and genotypes combinations in hypertension

Objective Renin–angiotensin system gene polymorphisms are associated with essential hypertension; angiotensinogen gene variants are considered potential genetic risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the G−6A, T174M, M235T polymorphisms, genotypic interactions, and haplotypes toward essential hypertension. Methods In a case–control design, 810 consecutive ethnically matched unrelated individuals comprising 450 hypertensive patients and 360 controls were recruited. Genotyping by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, genotypes combinations, and haplotypes analyses were performed. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were measured. Results The G−6A and M235T polymorphisms differed significantly (P = 0.007, odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–2.9; P < 0.0001, odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 2.3–5.7, respectively), wherein the −6A and 235T mutant alleles were over-represented in hypertensive patients (P < 0.0001, each). Genotypes combinations of six wild-type alleles versus the remaining resulted in odds ratio of 2.4 (P < 0.0001), further mutant alleles based combinations linearly correlated with systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Over-representation of the haplotypes, namely, A/174T, 174T/235T, A/235T, and A/174T/235T in hypertensive patients and G/174T, 174T/235M, G/235M, and G/174T/235M in controls, was identified as risk and protective haplotypes (P < 0.0001, each), respectively. The patients had significantly higher plasma aldosterone concentration and lower plasma renin activity (P < 0.0001), the former correlated with −6A and 235T alleles (P < 0.0001). Conclusion The interaction among G−6A, M235T and T174M polymorphisms in combinations or haplotypes emerged significant. These findings, conjoint with significant high plasma aldosterone concentration and low plasma renin activity, suggest low-renin hypertension in our study population.
The Malaga Schizophrenia Case-Register (Resma): Overview of Methodology and Patient Cohort

Background: Little information has become available after psychiatric reforms regarding outcomes of persons with schizophrenia and related disorders cared for in community-based mental health facilities. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of psychiatric services in the users of mental health services in Malaga. Method: We describe the cohort and methods involved in the Schizophrenia Case Register (RESMA) in Malaga, Spain. All cases (n = 1,022) were users of public mental health services provided in the catchment area over one year. The majority were male (65%), single (68%), living with their original family (50%), with primary education (41%) and living on disability benefits (52%). Results: Concerning use of services, the majority had out-patient contacts (89%). Results show a substantial overlap in the use of different services during the study period. Conclusion: The Malaga Schizophrenia Case Register provides sociodemographic, clinical and service use information for a large sample of patients with schizophrenia or related disorders. Results obtained from the cohort studied will be instrumental for the follow-up and evaluation of the mental health care reform.
Pesticides Exposure and Cardiovascular Hemodynamic Parameters Among Male Workers Involved in Mosquito Control in East Coast of Malaysia.

BACKGROUND Research findings have linked exposure to pesticides to an increased risk of cardiovascular (CVS) diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of chronic mix-pesticides exposure on CVS hemodynamic parameters. METHODS A total of 198 male Malay pesticide-exposed and 195 male Malay nonexposed workers were examined. Data were collected through exposure-matrix assessment, questionnaire, blood analyses, and CVS assessment. Explanatory variables comprised of lipid profiles, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Outcome measures comprised of brachial and aortic diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP), heart rate, and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Linear regressions identified the B coefficient showing how many units of CVS parameters are associated with each unit of covariates. RESULTS Diazoxonase was significantly lower and ox-LDL was higher among pesticide-exposed workers than the comparison group. The final multivariate linear regression model revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and pesticide exposure were independent predictors of brachial and aortic DBP and SBP. Pesticide exposure was also associated with heart rate, but not with PWV. Lipid profiles, PON1 enzymes, and ox-LDL showed no association with any of the CVS parameters. CONCLUSIONS Chronic mix-pesticide exposure among workers involved in mosquito control has possible association with depression of diazoxonase and the increase in ox-LDL, brachial and aortic DBP and SBP, and heart rate. This study raises concerns that those using pesticides may be exposed to hitherto unrecognized CVS risks among others. If this is confirmed by further studies, greater efforts will be needed to protect these workers.