Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION INTO RISE TIME OF BUOYANT FIRE PLUME FRONTS

Experiments were conducted to investigate the rise time of buoyant plumes induced above fire sources in a free space and in vertical shafts. Two other existing full scale experiments available for this purpose were also analyzed. It was found that the time for the front of a buoyant plume to reach a given height from a fire source was inversely proportional to the 1/3 power of the heat release rate and proportional to the 4/3 power of the height in a free space and the region near the fire source in shafts, while proportional to the 2/3 and to the 2 power of the height in the region far from the source depending on that the top of the shaft is open and closed, respectively. Results of the experiments in spaces with different scales were correlated by a non-dimensional time. Based on the experiments, formulas to predict rise time of fire plume fronts were proposed.
Investment-Specific Technological Change and the Brazilian Macroeconomy

This study discusses the importance of investment-specific technological change for the brazilian macroeconomy. We document evidence that a model that takes this specific type of technical progress into account is better suited to explain the Brazilian economy over the long term. We then present a DSGE [Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium] model with two sectors that incorporates technical progress in the investment goods sector and estimate the model for Brazil. The results demonstrate that productivity shocks in the investment goods sector are more volatile and persistent than in the final goods sector and that the output gap has a greater variance in the two-sector model. In addition, these results recommend a more rigorous monetary policy prescription to improve the economy’s well-being.
Estimating the rainfall erosivity factor from monthly precipitation data in the Madrid Region (Spain)

Abstract The need for continuous recording rain gauges makes it difficult to determine the rainfall erosivity factor (Rfactor) of the Universal Soil Loss Equation in regions without good spatial and temporal data coverage. In particular, the R-factor is only known at 16 rain gauge stations in the Madrid Region (Spain). The objectives of this study were to identify a readily available estimate of the R-factor for the Madrid Region and to evaluate the effect of rainfall record length on estimate precision and accuracy. Five estimators based on monthly precipitation were considered: total annual rainfall (P), Fournier index (F), modified Fournier index (MFI), precipitation concentration index (PCI) and a regression equation provided by the Spanish Nature Conservation Institute (RICONA). Regression results from 8 calibration stations showed that MFI was the best estimator in terms of coefficient of determination and root mean squared error, closely followed by P. Analysis of the effect of record length indicated that little improvement was obtained for MFI and P over 5- year intervals. Finally, validation in 8 additional stations supported that the equation R = 1.05·MFI computed for a record length of 5 years provided a simple, precise and accurate estimate of the R-factor in the Madrid Region.
Privatization and the Environment

We investigate the privatization policy of an industry where the production process generates emissions. We show that the high degree of negative externality leads to production substitution from the public firm to private firms. Moreover, we show that, if the degree of negative externality is sufficiently high, then a mixed oligopoly is preferable to a pure oligopoly for social welfare, even if the number of firms in the market is large. Furthermore, we consider free entry of private firms.
The Level of Shelves and Space Solution as One of the Key Factors for Consumer Attention

This paper is focused on consumer attention to the positioning of 5 product categories (packaged vegetables, dairy food, packaged fish, packaged meat and frozen food) in store bays and shelves. The results compare consumer attention to different levels of shelves. A different space solution – the SpaceGrid II system – was also used in the chosen bays. In these bays, the data indicate a distinct increase of consumer attention. The data were obtained through the eye‑tracking device SMI RED 250 (n = 22). Particular attention was given to consumer perception by analysing AOI (areas of interest). The research was carried out during September 2015 in the Eye‑Tracking Laboratory at Mendel University in Brno. The objective of the research was to identify attention in different levels of shelves and differences in perception between two types of shelves (classic and SpaceGrid). The results imply that the shelf level significantly influences the variability of attention of all product categories except for vegetables. The influence of the type of shelves was proven for meat and fish. The article also offers detailed information about the behaviour of participants who were surveyed in the framework of in depth interviews.
Multifractal dimensions for invariant subsets of piecewise monotonic interval maps

The multifractal generalizations of Hausdorff dimension and packing dimension are investigated for an invariant subset A of a piecewise monotonic map on the interval. Formulae for the multifractal dimension of an ergodic invariant measure, the essential multifractal dimension of A, and the multifractal Hausdorff dimension of A are derived. Introduction. Consider a piecewise monotonic map T on the interval (exact definitions will be given later), and denote by Z the collection of its intervals of monotonicity. Let U be an open interval and consider the set A of all points x whose orbit {Tnx : n ∈ N0} omits U , that is,
Assessment of the Prevalence of Hepatotoxicity among HIV/TB Co-infected Patients in Adama Referral Hospital, Adama, Ethiopia

Background: Hepatotoxicity is historically the 3rd most common reason for ART toxicity related discontinuation. Liver toxicity generates medical visit, work plan exams, and frequent hospital admissions all of which increases expenses. In addition, hepatotoxicity hampers the maintenance of HIV suppressions over time. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatotoxicity and identify the major predictors that may cause hepatotoxicity in Adama hospital, Adama City, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted by reviewing charts of TB/HIV co- infected patients. All Patients on HAART and TB treatment and in ART follow up clinic of Adama Hospital of the last two years were included in the study. A total of 105 patients’ charts were included in the study considering a 4 to 1 control to case proportion. A systematic random sampling method was used to collect data from patients’ chart. Results: Of the total 105 patients included in the study, 21(20%) were developed hepatotoxicity. Fifty four (51.43%) of the participants were females. The mean CD4 count of the patients was 205.1 + 96.18 cells/µL and ranges from the lowest count of 51 cells/µl to the highest recorded count of 559 cells/ul. The most frequent anti-TB regimen prescribed was 2(INH, RIF, ETM, PZA)/4(INH, RIF). Ninety five (90.5 %) of the participants were on the primarily prophylactic drugs. Of this figure, 49(46.7%) were on cotrimoxazole. Relatively more female patients 12(57.1%) were vulnerable for the development of hepatotoxicity. Most of the patients who had developed hepatotoxicity were on WHO clinical stage 3. Social drug use was significantly associated with development of hepatotoxicity (P=.005) with a 95% CI (0.01-311). Patients on TDF/3TC/EFV (OR= 121.7, P=.010) and D4T/3TC/NVP (OR= 47.4, P=.009) ART regimen were found to be more prone to develop hepatotoxicity compared to patients on D4T/3TC/NVP regimen and similarly patients on 2(ERHZ)/4(RH) anti-TB regimen (OR= 575.96, P=.002) with a 95% CI (0.02-3.8), was found to be more prone to develop hepatotoxicity compared to the other types anti-Tb regimens. Spearman correlation analysis of age, weight and/or CD4 count with of hepatotoxicity showed no statistical association. Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatotoxicity in TB/HIV coinfected patients can be due to a number of factors among which sex, the WHO clinical staging, use of Social drugs, type of ART regimen and type of anti-TB regimen are the major, according to the findings of this study.
The Initial Value Problem for the Quadratic Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Equation

We study the initial value problem for the quadratic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation ℒ𝑢=⟨𝑖𝜕𝑥⟩−1𝑢2, (𝑡,𝑥)∈𝐑×𝐑, 𝑢(0,𝑥)=𝑢0(𝑥), 𝑥∈𝐑, where ℒ=𝜕𝑡
Trace element indices in hair and saliva of school children

Evaluation of essential trace elements in hair and saliva is gradually being accepted as a useful tool in both scientific research and the diagnoses of disease. The normal concentration of these trace elements in hair and saliva; iron, zinc, copper, manganese were determined in 265 healthy children (7-9y). The concentration of these trace elements in hair and saliva were in (Hair: Fe 28.47±0.70mg/kg; Zn 172.08±4.49mg/kg; Cu 21.03±0.79kg; Mn 1.30±0.05kg and Saliva: Fe 1.06±0.03mg; Zn 0.64±0.39mg; Cu 0.19±0.09mg; Mn 0.11±0.00 nmol/L). There was a significant high levels of trace element in hair but reduced concentration in saliva samples when compared with the reference means (P<0.05 in each case). There is correlation between Zn concentration in saliva and Zn concentration in hair (P<0.05). There is also a relatively low level of Mn in saliva compared with the proportion that meets the thresholds (0.11±0.003nmol/l) in the children. In comparing samples levels with some other parameters there is no significant correlation between them, also the anthropometric data and socioeconomic status of children had no effect on the levels of these elements in hair and saliva. The results indicate the possibility of assessing the presence of these elements using non-invasive methods in the absence of contamination and thus substantiate the potential of hair and saliva as a biomarker but could not ascertain the exact tolerable levels of the elements in children.
Discard composition and release fate in the snapper and grouper commercial hook‐and‐line fishery in North Carolina, USA

Minimum size limits may be ineffective for reef fishes because they often sustain barotrauma when caught from deep (>20 m) waters. A study was undertaken in conjunction with hook-and-line commercial fishermen to calculate discard percentages and evaluate potential release mortality of eight economically important species: black sea bass, Centropristis striata (Linnaeus), red grouper, Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes), snowy grouper, Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes), gag, Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean), scamp, Mycte- roperca phenax (Jordan and Swain), vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier), white grunt, Haemulon plumieri (Lacepede) and red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus). Fishing with baited hook and line occurred in 2004 and 2005 in Onslow Bay, NC, in waters 19-150 m deep. Sub-legal discard rates were 15% for vermilion snapper, 25% for red porgy, 7% for red grouper, 33% for gag, 35% for scamp and 12% for black sea bass. Although mortality based on post-release behaviour was relatively low, higher mortalities estimated from models incor- porating hooking location and depth of capture suggest that minimum size limits may not provide the population benefits intended by management in the North Carolina reef fishery.
A Comparison of Aspatial and Spatial Measures of Segregation

The modifiable areal unit problem arises when the boundaries that define neighborhoods affect perceived levels of segregation. Scholars postulate that this problem is exacerbated when one uses a definition of neighborhoods that is based on administrative units; doing so leads to an aspatial measure of segregation, which may or may not adequately account for the spatial relationships among residential locations. In this article, we assess whether aspatial and spatial definitions of neighborhoods produce different perceived levels of income segregation. Using an original individual‐level dataset on income in San Mateo County, California, we define each individual's neighborhood in three ways – two aspatial and one spatial. On the basis of these definitions of neighborhoods, we then estimate residential income segregation using the local Moran's I statistic. We report two primary findings. First, the three measures generate different perceived levels of income segregation. Specifically, we observe less income segregation when using the aspatial measures as compared with the spatial one. Second, the inconsistencies between these measures are systematic in such a way as to lead to different inferences when used to predict individual voter turnout.
Towards a Panchronic Perspective on a Diachronic Issue: The Rhyme <-uiw> in Old Burmese

This paper aims at introducing the panchronic perspective by solving a specific problem of historical linguistics in Burmese, namely the phonetic value of the rhyme <-uiw> in Old Burmese. Its purpose is to demonstrate that a diachronic account is not exclusively indicative of system internal contingencies, but also a medium through which socio-cultural situations of the past surface. As such, I will argue that internal (systemic) as well as external (socio-cultural) factors of a specific diachrony contribute to and complete our understanding of panchrony, and that a combined analysis of both diachronic factors generates powerful explanatory models.
Price transmission in the beef value chain – the case of Bloemfontein, South Africa

The primary objective of the study was to analyse the nature of price transmission in the Bloemfontein beef value chain. The deregulation of the South African agricultural market in 1996 led to an unknown difference between the producer and retail prices of beef, which raised concerns among producers. These concerns were caused by the possibility of asymmetry in the market, as the variation in the producer carcass (A2/A3) price and retail price does not always reflect the same relationship. Producers believed that they were carrying all the risk and that retailers fixed their prices, irrespective of the market price at that stage. The first sub-objective of this study was to determine the existence of a long term relationship between producer and retail prices. Secondly, the short term nature of price transmission in the value chain was investigated to determine whether the marketing margin returned to the long term equilibrium after short term shocks, and how this had taken place. Thirdly, the causality of the market was investigated to determine whether the casual flow of information was bidirectional, unidirectional or undirectional. The data preparation and the procedures applied to perform the analyses of this study, were the stationary test at levels and at first difference to eliminate any uneven data points or spikes that may skew results. To determine co-integration, four competing models (EG, M-TAR, TAR and MC-TAR) were applied to the three-year data. The model best suited to represent the level of price transmission for each specific data series, would be the one with the highest absolute Akaike information criterion (AIC) value. After confirmation of co-integration and type of transmission (symmetrical or asymmetrical), an error correction model (ECM) was matched with those data series that confirmed asymmetrical price transmission. The error correction model
Flexicurity as a moderator of the relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being

Flexicurity has been heralded as the solution to simultaneously maintain the well-being of employees through employment security while allowing employers to benefit from flexibility. This paper examines one of the claimed benefits that countries with flexicurity policies will reduce the stress on employees who experience job insecurity. More specifically, it is argued that more generous unemployment benefits along with active labour market policies to facilitate rapid re-employment reduces the anxiety associated with insecurity. Analyses of two international data sets found little evidence for this moderation of the link between insecurity and well-being in countries that are assumed to be exemplars of flexicurity. The economic rationality behind these claims is questioned, and a psychological approach to job insecurity is suggested as an alternative. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Generating Functional Mockup Units from Software Specifications

This paper presents an approach to use the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) for integration of classical controller specications and statechartbased specications of real-time critical message exchange protocols. The Functional Mockup Unit (FMU) is automatically generated from the specication. Using the generated FMU we are able to exploit simulation facilities as provided by Model
Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement of Karen Refugee Students

Because there is so little research on individual factors in refugee education, the current study investigated the relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement of Karen refugee students from Burma studying at two post-secondary schools on the Thailand-Burma border. This study used the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) to assess refugee students' motivation in relation to their grade point average (GPA), which was obtained from the schools' registrars. The sample size for this study was 192 participants (57.8% female). Pearson product-moment correlations and regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, amotivation and academic performance. The findings from this study indicated that: 1) in the current sample, there was no significant correlation between intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation as measured by the AMS and academic achievement as represented by GPA; and 2) there was a statistically significant negative correlation between academic amotivation and academic achievement. The results are discussed in light of previous findings. In particular, the current finding builds on the possibility that models emphasizing the role of autonomy in motivation may have less validity in marginalized populations. Further research on factors influencing academic achievement in refugee education is urgently required.
Analysis of Business Performance of Housing Developers in Makassar City

This study aims to; identify and analyze the effects of the business environment directly on business strategy and product innovation, to know and analyze the effects of market orientation directly on business strategy and product innovation, to know and analyze the influence of the business environment either directly or indirectly through the strategy and product innovation o n business performance, knowing and analyzing the effects of market orientation both directly and indirectly through business strategy and product innovation on business performance, knowing and analyzing the effects of business strategies on business performance, knowing and analyzing the effects of product innovation directly and significantly to business performance Data analysis method using path analysis is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which is part of inferential statistic. This research uses Partial Least Square (PLS). PLS analysis technique is used to answer the research problem. The data of the research were 42 respondents. The results of this study indicate its business environment which directly and significant influence on business strategy and product innovation. Market orientation takes its directly and significant impact on business strategy and product innovation. Business environment takes its direct and significant towards business performance, but indirectly the business environment which no significant effect through business strategy on business performance, while the business environment indirectly significantly influences innovation on business performance. Market orientation takes its direct affect business performance, while indirect market orientation does not significantly affect business performance through business strategy, then indirect market orientation influence through significant product innovation on business performance. Strategy its no significant effect towards business performance, while product innovation takes its direct significant effect towards business performance. Keywods: Business Environment, Market Orientation, Business Strategy, Product Innovation, and Business Performance
Internal Push Factors and External Pull Factors and Their Relationships with Lecturers’ Turnover Intention

The globalization of the higher education has resulted in the rise of private universities in Malaysia. As it is the aim of the country to be an international hub for higher education, the role of lecturers has become pivotal in the success of this industry. Literature has indicated that internal push factors such as role stress factors and attraction to various external factors may have a significant effect on employees’ turnover intention. This study examines the impact of three internal push factors--role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict--and four external pull factors--job opportunity, compensation, working location, and university image--on lecturers’ turnover intention. Data were obtained from 401 lecturers of private universities via self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of this study reveal that internal role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict and external working location have a significant relationship with lecturers’ turnover intention respectively. The findings indicate that internal push factors play a much more significant role than external pull factors on lecturers’ turnover intention. Implications of the research findings were discussed.
The impact of airport shopping environments and dwell time on consumer spending

This article provides new insight into how the ambience and design of shopping environments impact onspending behaviour. Environmental cues in a retail area influence emotional states of by-passers, which in turn influence spending levels. Past research suggested that this effect only applies to shops with moderate arousal level. Also, several studies failed to confirm a relationship between emotions and spending levels. This is surprising, since high arousal environments (e.g., amusement parks, sports stadiums and airports) often feature a wide range of retail outlets. Based on survey data collected in a live airport shopping area, this study finds a relationship between pleasure emotions associated with the retail area and recalled consumer spending, but also the time available for shopping (which in an airport is constrained). Also, visitors’ emotional state was influenced by the ambience (e.g., cleanliness, noise levels, lighting) as well as the design (e.g., easy wayfinding, seating areas) of the retail area. Shopper’s arousal levels did not explain variations in spending level. Implications for researchers and managers are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.