Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable and maximally-permissive deadlock avoidance for FMS

Single-unit resource allocation systems model flexible manufacturing systems in which deadlocks arise as a result of jobs contending for buffering capacity at processing, storage and transportation stations. In the paper, a new sub-class of single-unit resource allocation systems is identified for which the set of deadlock free unsafe states is empty. Thus, if the system is not already deadlocked, it is in a safe state. This results in single-step lookahead deadlock detection providing scalable and maximally permissive deadlock avoidance supervisory control.
Failure to find bound ascorbic acid in plasma.

Summary of Ultrafiltration Studies of Ascorbic Acid in Plasma by Method of Clew (16) Environment Distilled water*. 6% metaphosphoric acid*. Plasma (Cutter). Fresh pooled plasma. I‘ “ “ “ “ . “ “ ‘1 . “ “ * . - - li . - Original ascorbic acid concentration rag. )e? 100 ml. 1.75 1.18 - . - li Ascorbic acid concentration in ice box control kzg. per 100 ml. 1.75 1.05 3.35 2.85 2.50 2.20 1.85 1.85 1.60 1.55 1.45 1.45 1.25 1.30 Meant. I _- 1 _- - Final ascorbic acid fig. per 100 ml. 1.80 1.02 2.70 1.90 1.49 1.18 1.35 0.37 1.49 1; -- - Ascorbic acid concentration of ultrafiltration ng. ger 100 ml. 1.84 1.00 2.33 2.05 0.90 0.98 1.29 0.58 1.36 * No thermal control during centrifugation. t t = 0.32; P = 0.76. series log B was maximal at about 270 rnp, being 4.16 for ascorbic acid6 in equimolar KCN and 4.15 for ascorbic acid in diluted plasma and in dilute solution of amino acids. In both these series, log E, calculated on the basis of no reaction, agreed remarkably well with those of the standard ascorbic acid solution. Method of Continuous Variations-A typical experiment with plasma and an analysis of all the results are given in Table III. One may conclude from these data that the method of continuous variations did not indicate
Assessing morphological and DNA‐based diet analysis techniques in a generalist predator, the arrow squid Nototodarus gouldi

Establishing the diets of marine generalist consumers is difficult, with most studies limited to the use of morphological methods for prey identification. Such analyses rely on the preservation of diagnostic hard parts, which can limit taxonomic resolution and introduce biases. DNA‐based analyses provide a method to assess the diets of marine species, potentially overcoming many of the limitations introduced by other techniques. This study compared the effectiveness of morphological and DNA‐based analysis for determining the diet of a free‐ranging generalist predator, the arrow squid (Nototodarus gouldi). A combined approach was more effective than using either of the methods in isolation. Nineteen unique prey taxa were identified, of which six were found by both methods, 10 were only detected using DNA and three were only identified using morphological methods. Morphological techniques only found 50% of the total number of identifiable prey taxa, whereas DNA‐based techniques found 84%. This study highlights the benefits of using a combination of techniques to detect and identify prey of generalist marine consumers.
Reproductive Success of Captive‐Bred Steelhead Trout in the Wild: Evaluation of Three Hatchery Programs in the Hood River

Abstract: Population supplementation programs that release captive‐bred offspring into the wild to boost the size of endangered populations are now in place for many species. The use of hatcheries for supplementing salmonid populations has become particularly popular. Nevertheless, whether such programs actually increase the size of wild populations remains unclear, and predictions that supplementation fish drag down the fitness of wild fish remain untested. To address these issues, we performed DNA‐based parentage analyses on almost complete samples of anadromous steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Hood River in Oregon (U.S.A.). Steelhead from a supplementation hatchery (reared in a supplementation hatchery and then allowed to spawn naturally in the wild) had reproductive success indistinguishable from that of wild fish. In contrast, fish from a traditional hatchery (nonlocal origin, multiple generations in hatcheries) breeding in the same river showed significantly lower fitness than wild fish. In addition, crosses between wild fish and supplementation fish were as reproductively successful as those between wild parents. Thus, there was no sign that supplementation fish drag down the fitness of wild fish by breeding with them for a single generation. On the other hand, crosses between hatchery fish of either type (traditional or supplementation) were less fit than expected, suggesting a possible interaction effect. These are the first data to show that a supplementation program with native brood stock can provide a single‐generation boost to the size of a natural steelhead population without obvious short‐term fitness costs. The long‐term effects of population supplementation remain untested.
Frequency of Epitope-Specific Naive CD4+ T Cells Correlates with Immunodominance in the Human Memory Repertoire

The frequency of epitope-specific naive CD4+ T cells in humans has not been extensively examined. In this study, a systematic approach was used to examine the frequency of CD4+ T cells that recognize the protective Ag of Bacillus anthracis in both anthrax vaccine-adsorbed vaccinees and nonvaccinees with HLA-DRB1*01:01 haplotypes. Three epitopes were identified that had distinct degrees of immunodominance in subjects that had received the vaccine. Average naive precursor frequencies of T cells specific for these different epitopes in the human repertoire ranged from 0.2 to 10 per million naive CD4+ T cells, which is comparable to precursor frequencies observed in the murine repertoire. Frequencies of protective Ag-specific T cells were two orders of magnitude higher in immunized subjects than in nonvaccinees. The frequencies of epitope-specific memory CD4+ T cells in vaccinees were directly correlated with the frequencies of precursors in the naive repertoire. At the level of TCR usage, at least one preferred Vβ in the naive repertoire was present in the memory repertoire. These findings implicate naive frequencies as a crucial factor in shaping the epitope specificity of memory CD4+ T cell responses.
The Stroop Color-Word Test

The Stroop Color-Word Test was administered to 1,856 cognitively screened, healthy Dutchspeaking participants aged 24 to 81 years. The effects of age, gender, and education on Stroop test performance were investigated to adequately stratify the normative data. The results showed that especially the speed-dependent Stroop scores (time to complete a subtest), rather than the accuracy measures (the errors made per Stroop subtask), were profoundly affected by the demographic variables. In addition to the main effects of the demographic variables, an Age Low Level of Education interaction was found for the Error III and the Stroop Interference scores. This suggests that executive function, as measured by the Stroop test, declines with age and that the decline is more pronounced in people with a low level of education. This is consistent with the reserve hypothesis of brain aging (i.e., that education generates reserve capacity against the damaging effects of aging on brain functions). Normative Stroop data were established using both a regression-based and traditional approach, and the appropriateness of both methods for generating normative data is discussed.
Human p53 Binds Holliday Junctions Strongly and Facilitates Their Cleavage*

Holliday junctions in DNA are generated as a product of homologous recombination events. To test the hypothesis that human p53 may bind to Holliday junctions, synthetic junctions with four ∼75-base pair (Hol75) or ∼565-base pair (Hol565) arms were generated. As seen by electron microscopy, under conditions in which 50-61% of the Hol565 DNAs were bound by p53, 80-96% of the p53 was located specifically at the junction with, in the latter case, only 4% of the p53 visualized at the DNA ends or along the arms. Given the large number of potential binding sites, this represents very high specificity for the junctions. Gel retardation assays using the Hol75 DNA confirm these observations, and indicate that the tight junction complexes have a half-life of greater than 4 h. The binding of p53 to three-way junctions is severalfold less than to four-way junctions. Addition of p53 greatly increases the rate of resolution of the Hol75 DNA by T4 endonuclease VII and T7 endonuclease I, two enzymes known to cleave such junctions. This latter finding further confirms the interaction of p53 with Holliday junctions and suggests that p53 binding facilitates their resolution in vivo
The vaginal smear of senile laboratory rats.

Rats aged 17 months or more did not undergo regular oestrous cycles during a period of 12 weeks when daily vaginal smears were taken. Vaginal cornification occurred at irregular intervals in most of the animals. Its incidence decreased following unilateral ovariectomy and temporarily increased following injections of gonadotrophin. Acceptance of the male was rare and spasmodic and could not be correlated consistently with the presence of cornified cells in the vaginal smears. Compensatory ovarian hypertrophy after unilateral ovariectomy occurred in all senile animals examined. The response of the vaginal epithelium to oestrogen did not appear to be less in senile than in young animals.
Patient Perspectives on Epilepsy in a Developing Country

Summary: Adolescent and adult epileptic patients attending the Neurological Clinics at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were interviewed to assess patient perspectives of epilepsy. Although all of them admitted to having recurrent seizures, 35.9% did not accept that they had epilepsy. Among those who accepted the diagnosis, only 34.5% were willing to disclose it to other people. The majority thought that people generally fear epilepsy and avoid contact with epileptic patients. Most of the patients did not know the causes of epilepsy. The majority, however, had many positive views on epilepsy and favorable attitudes toward other epileptic patients. Although many of them rated epileptic persons lower than nonepileptic persons with respect to contribution to society, hard work, temperament, and ability to make close friends, a majority thought that epileptic patients were not disabled and had the same intelligence, ambition, and ability to be educated as nonepileptic persons. Only 50.4% of them thought epileptic persons should not drive motor vehicles, and 19.7% thought epilepsy should be reported to the licensing authority. On their treatment 62.4% were satisfied with medical treatment alone, whereas 32.5% combined medical treatment with “native medicine” or spiritual church healing.
Nutrition and morbidity: acute lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea and malaria.

SUMMARY The three most important infectious diseases of young children in Papua New Guinea are acute lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea and malaria, each of which has been shown to have a negative effect on growth. Low nutritional status is associated with increased risk and severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections and with increased severity of diarrhoea. There is no evidence to indicate that malnutrition is associated with increased risk of malaria. Adequate control and prompt treatment of infectious diseases will improve nutritional status. At the same time, improvement in nutritional status will reduce morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease, particularly acute lower respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea.
Memory and cognitive function in the elderly. A preliminary trial of physostigmine.

Memory and cognitive (M-C) functions are known to decline with advancing age. Pharmacologic studies during the last decade have suggested that this may be due to a decrease in cholinergic function in the brains of the elderly. In particular, two lines of evidence support this concept. First, scopolamine, a cholinergic receptorblocking agent, produces a pattern of M-C impairment in young subjects that closely mimics the pattern seen in the elderly. 1,2 Second, biochemical studies with the cholinergic receptor ligand, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate ( 3 H-QNB), have demonstrated a decline in cholinergic receptors in the cerebral cortices of the aged. 3 Although centrally-active cholinergic agonists (physostigmine, choline, arecoline) have been given to young, normal subjects with some variable improvement in M-C functions 4,5 and to demented patients with less consistent results, 6-8 the effects of these drugs on M-C functions in normal aged subjects have not yet been studied. The purpose of this communication
Optic neuropathy due to microbead-induced elevated intraocular pressure in the mouse.

PURPOSE To characterize a glaucoma model of mice, the authors adopted and modified a method of inducing the chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) by anterior chamber injection of polystyrene microbeads. METHODS Chronic elevation of IOP was induced unilaterally in adult C57BL/6J mice by injecting polystyrene microbeads to the anterior chamber. Effectiveness of microbeads of different sizes (small, 10 μm; large, 15 μm) on inducing IOP elevation was compared, and IOP was measured every other day using a tonometer. After maintaining elevated IOP for 2, 4, or 8 weeks, the degree of RGC and axon degeneration was assessed quantitatively using electron microscopy, fluorogold, retrograde labeling, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Eighty-one of 87 mice that received anterior chamber injection of microbeads exhibited consistent IOP elevation above that of control eyes. Injection of small microbeads induced longer and higher peak value of IOP elevation compared with that of the large microbeads. A single injection of small microbeads resulted in a 4-week elevation of IOP that was maintained to an 8-week period after a second injection of microbeads in week 4. As the duration of IOP elevation increased, RGC bodies and their axons degenerated progressively and reached an approximately 50% loss after an 8-week elevation of IOP. CONCLUSIONS Anterior chamber injection of microbeads effectively induced IOP elevation and glaucomatous optic neuropathy in mice. Development of an inducible mouse model of elevated IOP will allow applications of mouse genetic technology to the investigation of the mechanisms and the evaluation of treatment strategies of glaucoma.
Relaxation of Critical Coupling Condition and Characterization of Coupling-Induced Frequency Shift in Two-Ring Structures

We present a systematic study of two-ring-one-bus (2R1B) and two-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2RMZI). By exciting the cavity modes in certain ways, it is possible to shape the transmission spectrum that may be suitable for specific applications, such as relaxation of critical coupling for the case of 2R1B or finesse enhancement for the case of 2RMZI. The deteriorating effects of resonator self-coupling known as coupling-induced resonance frequency shift is quantized. The two-ring structures are demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform where good agreement is obtained between the experiment and the theory.
Import of frog prepropeptide GLa into microsomes requires ATP but does not involve docking protein or ribosomes.

Frog prepropeptide GLa, a precursor to a secretory protein containing 64 amino acids, was processed and imported by dog pancreas microsomes. These events did not depend on either docking protein or on the presence of ribosomes. A hybrid protein between the first 60 amino acids of prepropeptide GLa and an unrelated peptide of 49 amino acids fused to the carboxy terminus, however, behaved like a typical secretory protein precursor with regard to docking protein dependence. This suggests that independence of the need for docking protein, in the case of prepropeptide GLa, can be attributed to the size of the precursor protein. Processing and import of prepropeptide GLa by microsomes were ATP dependent. Therefore, import of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) includes an ATP‐requiring step not involving a ribosome/ribosome receptor or signal recognition particle (SRP)/docking protein interaction.
Cell wall anchoring of the Streptococcus pyogenes M6 protein in various lactic acid bacteria

The M6 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes is the best-characterized member of a family of cell envelope-associated proteins. Based on the observation that the C-terminal sorting signals of these proteins can drive cell wall anchoring of heterologous unanchored proteins, we have cloned and expressed the emm6 structural gene for the M6 protein in various lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The emm6 gene was successfully expressed from lactococcal promoters in several Lactococcus lactis strains, an animal-colonizing Lactobacillus fermentum strain, Lactobacillus sake, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus. The M6 protein was efficiently anchored to the cell wall in all strains tested. In lactobacilli, essentially all detectable M6 protein was cell wall associated. These results suggest the feasibility of using the C-terminal anchor moiety of M6 for protein surface display in LAB.
Influence of hyaluronic acid on wound healing using composite porcine acellular dermal matrix grafts and autologous skin in rabbits

This study aims to explore the influence of hyaluronic acid (HA) on wound healing during xenogeneic porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) composite skin grafting. The results will facilitate the development of methods for improving graft contracture and poor elasticity of composite transplantation. Exogenous HA was added to composite PADM grafts and to thin autologous skin grafts during rabbit full‐thickness skin wound repair. The influence of HA on wound healing was evaluated according to its contracture rate and its expression of collagen types I and III. The possible mechanism was then explored based on HA metabolism and vascularisation in the skin graft. The results show that exogenous HA relieves graft contracture on rabbit wound surfaces, increases collagen I and III expression and decreases the ratio between collagen types. HA stimulates the generation of more CD44 receptors to strengthen its enzymolysis. The resulting metabolites promote the vascularisation of the wound surface, which are conducive for mitigating graft contracture, and further improve the composite grafting effect.
Framing Disparities Along the Continuum of Care from Chronic Kidney Disease to Transplantation: Barriers and Interventions

Research in renal transplantation continues to document scores of disparities affecting vulnerable populations at various stages along the transplantation process. Given that both biological and environmental determinants contribute significantly to variation, identifying factors underlying an unfairly biased distribution of the disease burden is crucial. Confounded definitions and gaps in understanding causal pathways impede effectiveness of interventions aimed at alleviating disparities. This article offers an operational definition of disparities in the context of a framework aimed at facilitating interventional research. Utilizing an original framework describing the entire continuum of the transplant process from diagnosis of chronic kidney disease through successful transplant, this article explores the case of racial disparities, illustrating key factors predicting and perpetuating disparities. Though gaps in current research leave us unable to identify which stages of the transplant pathway adversely affect most people, by identifying key risk factors across the continuum of care, this article highlights areas suited for targeted interventions and presents recommendations for improvement and future research.
Multi-technique study of defect generation in high-k gate stacks

A set of measurement techniques- SILC, low frequency noise, and pulse CV - combined with the physical descriptions of the processes associated with these measurements were applied to study pre-existing and stress generated traps in the SiO2/HfO2 gate stacks. By correlating the analysis results obtained by these techniques, the defects in the high-k dielectric and interfacial layer were identified. The stress-induced degradation of the high-k gate stack was found to be caused primarily by the trap generation in the SiO2 interfacial layer.
A Meta-Analysis of Pair-Programming in Computer Programming Courses

Several experiments on the effects of pair programming versus solo programming in the context of education have been reported in the research literature. We present a meta-analysis of these studies that accounted for 18 manuscripts with 28 independent effect sizes in the domains of programming assignments, exams, passing rates, and affective measures. In total, our sample accounts for N = 3,308 students either using pair programming as a treatment variable or using traditional solo programming in the context of a computing course. Our findings suggest positive results in favor of pair programming in three of four domains with exception to affective measures. We provide a comprehensive review of our results and discuss our findings.
Feeding and eating disorders in childhood.

OBJECTIVE To review the literature related to the current DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood; pica; rumination disorder; and other childhood presentations that are characterized by avoidance of food or restricted food intake, with the purpose of informing options for DSM-V. METHOD Articles were identified by computerized and manual searches and reviewed to evaluate the evidence supporting possible options for revision of criteria. RESULTS The study of childhood feeding and eating disturbances has been hampered by inconsistencies in classification and use of terminology. Greater clarity around subtypes of feeding and eating problems in children would benefit clinicians and patients alike. DISCUSSION A number of suggestions supported by existing evidence are made that provide clearer descriptions of subtypes to improve clinical utility and to promote research.
Potato Variety Identification by Molecular Markers Based on Retrotransposon Analyses

We analyzed a set of twenty most grown potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties listed in the Czech Variety List using the PCR-IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) method in order to distinguish fast and unambiguously the varieties. In total, 62 polymorphic alleles were amplified using the three primers P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and P-Tst-6. The recorded pattern of markers was stable and reproducible. The analyses were repeated three times and identical results were always obtained. The level of polymorphism varied from 11% to 79% depending on the respective primer. All analysed varieties could be reliably distinguished after multivari - ate statistics have been applied to the data obtained by the PCO and UPGMA analyses. The best resolution of individual varieties was obtained if all three primers were evaluated as a complex. The use of retrotransposon- based markers appears to be suitable for the differentiation of large sets of potato samples and should be an eligible complement to other molecular markers used in potato variety identification such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP).