Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between odour intensity assessed by human assessors and odour concentration measured with olfactometers

Zhang, Q. , Feddes, J.J.R. , Edeogu, I.K. and Zhou, X.J. 2002. Correlation between odour intensity assessed by human assessors and odour concentration measured with olfactometers. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 44: 6.276. 32. Odour data were collected on four swine farms to determine the relationship between odour intensity assessed by trained human odour assessors (Nasal Rangers) and odour concentration measured with olfactometry. Odour intensity was assessed by two or more Nasal Rangers using the 8-point n-butanol reference scale in the field, as well as in the laboratory for odour samples collected in Tedlar bags. The field odour intensity did not correlate well with the odour concentration measured with olfactometers. When high odour intensity was detected by the Nasal Rangers in the field, the odour concentration measured from the bagged samples changed little. In other words, the odour samples taken in Tedlar bags could not capture instantaneous bursts of strong odour in the field. Odour intensity of bagged samples measured by Nasal Rangers in the laboratory correlated well with the odour concentration measured with olfactometers and the relationship could be adequately predicted by two commonly used models - the Weber-Fechner model and the Stevens model. When a strong source odour was diluted, its intensity decreased linearly with the dilution level on a log-scale. Keywords: swine odour, human assessor, olfactometer, n-butanol scale. Des donnees d'odeur ont ete recueillies sur quatre fermes porcines pour determiner la relation qui existe entre l'intensite de l'odeur evaluee par des evaluateurs humains (evaluateurs d'odeur) et la concentration d'odeur mesuree avec un olfactometre. L'intensite d'odeur a ete evaluee au champ par deux evaluateurs d'odeur ou plus qui ont utilise une echelle de reference au n-butanol de huit points et, en laboratoire en evaluant des echantillons d'air recueillis dans des sacs Tedlar. L'intensite d'odeur evaluee au champ n'a pu bien predire la concentration d'odeur mesuree a l'aide des olfactometres. Lorsque des odeurs d'intensite elevee etaient detectees par les evaluateurs d'odeur au champ, les concentrations d'odeur mesurees a partir des echantillons d'air des sacs Tedlar, elles, variaient peu. En d'autres termes, les echantillons d'odeur provenant des sacs Tedlar ne pouvaient capter les effluves de fortes odeurs percues de maniere instantanee au champ. L'intensite d'odeur des echantillons en sac mesuree en laboratoire par les evaluateurs d'odeur s'est averee etre un bon predicteur de la concentration d'odeur mesuree avec les olfactometres et des relations ont pu etre definies de maniere adequate en utilisant deux modeles courants - le modele Weber - Fechner et le modele Stevens. Lorsqu'une source d'odeur de forte intensite etait diluee, son intensite decroissait lineairement avec son taux de dilution sur une echelle logarithmique.
A Dual Analysis of Verb-less Coordination in Korean

This paper explores the nature of verb-less coordination (VLC) in Korean. Various proposals have been made to explain the peculiar proper­ ties of VLC: movement analysis, string deletion analysis, and multiple dominance analysis. We show that none of these analyses are fully sat­ isfactory by observing apparent mismatches between elided parts in the first conjunct and the shared parts in the second conjuncts. We claim that ellipsis analysis is basically correct in capturing apparent mismatches which we coin as vehicle change effects. However, we further propose that some VLC constructions are instances of multiple fragments. Hence VLC in Korean exhibits the dual nature. We show that multiple fragments analysis of VLC is selectively available only with distributed reading of the shared verb, otherwise ellipsis analysis of it is forced by default.
ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES

The concept of "institutional corruption" as developed by Professor Dennis Thompson is a critically important way to understand the failings of a modern democratic state. In this paper, Professor Lessig advances one way to simplify the analysis of "institutional corruption," through the introduction of the idea of improper institutional dependence. That conception of institutional corruption explains the corruption of the United States Congress.
Changing the Conversation: Facebook as a Venue for Online Class Discussion in Higher Education

In this paper, the author reports on a study of the online activity of students in a final-year unit in the Internet Communications course at Curtin University. Student activity was recorded in the discussion forums of the Blackboard learning management system for three instances of the same unit, in 2011 and 2012. Then, in the latter two of these instances, an additional discussion forum was added, on Facebook, and activity was also recorded. Students’ posts were measured for content, length, and which week of the study period they were posted online. The study found the addition of the Facebook forum resulted in a significantly higher level of student activity, in real terms and across the 13 weeks of the unit. The addition of the Facebook forum did not significantly affect the level of student participation in the Blackboard forum. The use of the Facebook forum also changed the type of interactions by students, with the learners being more involved in discussions about course administration and assignments. Most notably, both students and staff began posting additional links to material that supported learning in the unit, but were not set as part of the unit’s formal readings.
Experimental analysis and numerical simulation of the stainless AISI 304 steel friction drilling process

This paper deals with experimental analysis and numerical simulation of the stainless AISI 304 steel fric-tion drilling process. During fiction drilling, thermal and plastic material processes take place: temperatures in the contact zone vary in a very wide range reaching the metal melting temperature, thus, large-sized plastic deformations occur in the material around the forming hole. Also, the parameters of this process are constantly changing during the drilling due to the complicated shape of the tool. Therefore simulation of friction drilling is a very complex problem. For this reason a friction drilling experiment was carried out. Variations of experimental axial force and torque values were obtained and compared to finite element simulation results and a conclusion was made that the presumptions taken in the simulation are correct and realistically define the friction drilling process. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 20.6. 8664
Tariff Reforms in the Presence of Pollution

Accepted date 8 May 2017 but publication date 2016 - Greek journal - no open access information available. Acknowledgments An earlier version of this paper was part of my PhD thesis conducted at the University of Exeter. I am grateful to the faculty of Economics, University of Exeter, for their support. Special thanks to Christos Kotsogiannis for introducing me to the issue of border tax adjustments and for his helpful comments and suggestions. I also thank Pascalis Raimondos Moller, Ben Zissimos and Michael Michael for their comments and suggestions as well as the participants in the ETSG 2013 and the Second Environmental Protection and Sustainability Forum: Towards Global Agreements on Environmental Protection and Sustainability 2015.
Density of leopards Panthera pardus on protected and non-protected land in the Waterberg Biosphere, South Africa

Data on the population size and trends of large carnivores remains the cornerstone of effective management and conservation programs. However, such data are rarely available for the majority of large carnivore species. Furthermore, large carnivore research is often directed towards formally protected areas. There is therefore a need to improve our knowledge regarding the population ecology of large carnivores in non-protected areas. In this study we use camera trapping in conjunction with spatially explicit mark—recapture models to estimate leopard Panthera pardus density across different land use types in the Waterberg Biosphere, South Africa. Estimated densities (mean ± SE) ranged from 6.59 (± 5.2/100 km2) on a matrix of commercial game and livestock farms to 5.35 (± 2.93/100 km2) and 4.56 (± 1.35/100 km2) on two protected areas (Lapalala and Welgevonden respectively). Although density estimates had large confidence intervals we suggest that these results indicate similar densities across the three sites. These results support other studies suggesting that non-protected areas can harbour as dense leopard populations as protected areas, and can therefore not be neglected in the management of leopards.
The Directors' and Officers' Insurance Premium: An Outside Assessment of the Quality of Corporate Governance

Using a sample of directors' and officers' (D&O) premiums gathered from the proxy statements of Canadian companies, this article examines the D&O premium as a measure of ex ante litigation risk. I find a significant association between D&O premiums and variables that proxy for the quality of firms' governance structures. The association between the proxies for governance structure quality and D&O premiums is robust to a number of alternative specifications. This article provides confirmatory evidence that the D&O premium reflects the quality of the firm's corporate governance by showing that measures of weak governance implied by the D&O premium are positively related to excess CEO compensation. The overall results suggest that D&O premiums contain useful information about the quality of firms' governance. Copyright 2000 by Oxford University Press.
Transfer of the Method of Loci, Pegword, and Keyword Mnemonics in the Eighth Grade Classroom

_____________________________________________________________________________________ All correspondence should be sent to Dr. Richmond at: Metropolitan State College of Denver, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 54, P.O. Box 173362, Denver, CO, 80217-3362, e-mail: arichmo3@mscd.edu, phone: 303556-3085, fax: 303-556-2169. Transfer of the Method of Loci, Pegword, and Keyword Mnemonics in the Eighth Grade Classroom
Disk Evolution in Cep OB2: Results from the Spitzer Space Telescope

We present the results of an infrared imaging survey of two clusters in the Cep OB2 Association, Tr 37 and NGC 7160, using the IRAC and MIPS instruments on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our observations cover the wavelength range from 3.6 to 24 μm, allowing us to detect disk emission over a typical range of radii ~0.1 to ~20 AU from the central star. In Tr 37, with an age of about 4 Myr, about 48% of the low-mass stars exhibit detectable disk emission in the IRAC bands. Roughly 10% of the stars with disks may be "transition" objects, with essentially photospheric fluxes at wavelengths ≤4.5 μm but with excesses at longer wavelengths, indicating an optically thin inner disk. The median optically thick disk emission in Tr 37 is lower than the corresponding median for stars in the younger Taurus region; the decrease in infrared excess is larger at 6-8 μm than at 24 μm, suggesting that grain growth and/or dust settling has proceeded faster at smaller disk radii, as expected on general theoretical grounds. Only about 4% of the low-mass stars in the 10 Myr old cluster NGC 7160 show detectable infrared disk emission. We also find evidence for 24 μm excesses around a few intermediate-mass stars, which may represent so-called "debris disk" systems. Our observations provide new constraints on disk evolution through an important age range.
Changing the game: a case for gamifying knowledge management

Purpose This exploratory paper investigates gamification as a medium for knowledge workers to interact with each other. The purpose of this paper is to open the discussion around the sustaining impact that gamification might have on knowledge management (KM). Design/methodology/approach The paper employs an exploratory literature review investigating the current state of the art in relation to KM and gamification; this literature review serves as the starting point of subsequent theorizing. Findings Based on the literature review the authors theorize that the use of gamification in KM can go far beyond the motivational aspects. To name just a few uses of gamification, it can help in: supporting flexibility, facilitating transparency and therefore improving trust, visualizing skills and competences as well as generating requirements for new competences and promoting a collaborative environment among the knowledge workers. Research limitations/implications This paper opens the discussion around KM and gamification and suggests a wide range of areas for further research. Practical implications In this paper the authors argue that by looking at gamification as more than just a set of tools for improving motivation and engagement a company can address some pitfalls of a particular type of knowledge workers. Originality/value Gamification is a new, but increasingly popular approach, which has been shown to be powerful in many areas. This paper is novel in that it initiates a dialogue around the impact that gamification might have on KM.
School xenophobia and interethnic relationships among secondary level pupils in Spain

Migratory processes in southern Europe over the last two decades have brought about substantial changes to the ethnic makeup of secondary schools. Classrooms have increased in their complexity in terms of teaching, as there are pupils with different cultural and economic backgrounds and educational needs, but also in the relationships among the peer groups of pupils. What kinds of attitudes and relations can be found among the members of this culturally diverse pupil body? What kinds of views are held by the pupils about each other? The aim of this paper is to shed light on stereotypes and xenophobic attitudes towards immigrant pupils in secondary schools in Spain, principally among peer groups, and on how teachers address this multicultural classroom dynamic and complexity and any possible prejudices towards stereotypes and racist attitudes that surface inside the classroom. Relationships tend to be formed among peer groups of the same ethnicity and there is a marked rejection of pupils from Moroccan origin. Teachers are neither aware of pupilsâ€™ stereotypes nor of their own. As a consequence, they are not giving sufficient pedagogical responses to resolve arguments or disrespectful situations against immigrant pupils. This in turn is contributing, on the one hand, to racist and xenophobic societies (Banks 2011; Deusdad 2013). On the other hand, teachersâ€™ low expectations of these immigrant pupils has had an effect on their academic achievements and on dropout rates (Deusdad 2009). The present study is based on 2196 questionnaires administered to pupils at 43 Spanish secondary schools. In-depth interviews with 54 secondary school teachers were also carried out, so as to understand teachersâ€™ discourses and pedagogical resources. Â
Design Fires For Means Of Egress In Office Buildings Based On Full-scale Fire Experiments

In performance-based fire safety design for means of egress, t-squared heat release rates have been used as design fires. In order to estimate fire growth rates in office rooms, eleven full-scale fire experiments were conducted for typical office arrangements. They included cases with and without suppression. Typical office arrangements were modeled based on fuel load surveys in contemporary office buildings. The results of experiments clarified that: 1) fire growth in office rooms largely depends on the combustion of plastic materials, which are commonly used in office fuel packages; and 2) In the case of quick response sprinkler operation, HRRs continued to be approximately 200 kW during suppression. We estimated fire growth rates for all experimental cases by modeling the t-squared fires and examined the effects of parameters on fire growth rates. We compared the results of experiments with several design fires in the engineering design guidelines and discussed design fires for office buildings. Fire growth rates for office desk units range from 0.007 to 0.017 kW/s, that are close to the ‘medium’ fire growth in NFPA 92B. Heat release rate curves with suppression are almost included within the design fire that was proposed by Lougheed, even if only one sprinkler head was activated.
Net growth rates of picocyanobacteria and nano-/ microphytoplankton inhabiting shelf waters of the central (17° S) and southern (20° S) Great Barrier Reef

Growth rates of diffusion cultures of nano- and microphytoplankton from Great Barrier Reef shelf water, especially diatoms (µmax = 3.2 doublings d -1 ), exceeded those of picocyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) when DIN (NH4 + + NO2 - + NO3 - ) concentrations were ≥ 0.05 µM. The picocyanobacteria (µmax = 1.1 and 1.6 doublings d -1 for Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus respectively) achieved higher relative and absolute growth rates when time-averaged DIN concen- trations were 2 µM) are far above growth-saturating levels, and in the oligotrophic North Pacific Gyre. In contrast, for those nano-/microphytoplankton for which in situ or simulated in situ growth rates were estimated, growth rates appeared to be nitrogen-limited at DIN concentrations <0.1 µM. The results provide further support for the hypothesis that picocyanobacteria dominate oligotrophic marine water columns because of their superior ability to grow at low nutrient concentrations.
Communicating Geographic Information in a Digital Age

ieter Brueghel the Elder painted three versions of “The Tower of Babel,” but it is the second version, painted in 1563 (Figure 1) and currently hanging in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, that is perhaps best known. In it, Brueghel depicts events described in the eleventh chapter of the Bible’s Book of Genesis . The people conceived of a project to build a tower so high it would reach to Heaven. The style is immensely detailed, and gives a fascinating account of such matters as European construction methods of the sixteenth century. Early human society spoke one language, according to the story. The allegory becomes more compelling when one realizes that no one in the picture is holding a plan, or in any way controlling or coordinating the effort. There is a prince or king, shown in the lower left, but he is facing away from the tower, and there is no indication of power over its construction or design. This is humanity united in a common purpose, and communicating through a common language—in the words of the King James edition, “and now nothing will be restrained from them which they have imagined to do” ( Genesis 11:6). God was displeased by the P
Chapter 10 Neuroplasticity in Bipolar Disorder : Insights from Neuroimaging

Background: Advances in neuroimaging techniques have produced evidence about disrupted frontolimbic circuits related to emotional regulation. These neuroimaging studies may suggest impairments in cellular plasticity in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. However, the long-term use of mood stabilizers may restore these dysfunctions by neurotrophic effects Objectives: Review the major structures of the brain that underpin this disorder, synthesize the main findings in neuroimaging in BD, and debate neuroplastic effects of psychopharmacological treatment on findings from the neuroimaging studies. Methods: We undertook a review from neuroimaging in BD. Search words entered were “bipolar disorder”, “mania”, “depression”, “mixed states”, “suicide”, “psychosis” “lithium”, “mood stabilizers”, “neuroplasticity”, magnetic resonance imaging”, “functional magnetic resonance”, “FDG-PET”,”SPECT”. Results: The literature highlighted specific brain areas that support emotional regulation and processing. Moreover, there is heterogeneity across studies and some findings are controversial, but some results suggest neuroplastic effects from the long-term psychopharmacological treatment (particularly mood stabilizers) in bipolar disorder. Conclusion: The findings in neuroimaging studies suggest there is fronto-limbic circuitry dysregulation in BD; changes in specific brain areas have been replicated in several studies, which may reflect impairments in neuroplastic phenomena. Evidence from neuroimaging studies have been also show that long-term treatment may be © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. associated with metabolic/functional compensation or structural restoration in bipolar responders.
X-ray observations of PKS 0745-191 at the virial radius: Are we there yet?

Aims. We reassess the properties of the ICM at large radii in the galaxy cluster PKS 0745-191 in light of recent Suzaku measurements. Methods. We analyze an archival 10.5 ks ROSAT/PSPC observation to extract the surface-brightness profile of PKS 0745-191 and infer the deprojected density profile. We then compare the ROSAT surface-brightness profile with the Suzaku result. We perform a mass analysis by combining the ROSAT density profile and the published temperature profiles from different instruments. Results. We find that the ROSAT surface-brightness profile is statistically inconsistent (7.7σ) with the Suzaku result around and beyond the value of r 200 estimated by Suzaku. We argue that, thanks to its large field of view and low background, ROSAT/PSPC is to the present day the most sensitive instrument for studying low surface-brightness X-ray emission in the 0.4-2.0 keV band. We also note that the Suzaku temperature and mass profiles are at odds with the results from at least two other satellites (XMM-Newton and Swift). Conclusions. The difference in surface brightness between ROSAT and Suzaku is most likely explained by the existence of additional foreground components at the low Galactic latitude of the source, which were not taken into account in the Suzaku background modeling. In light of our mass analysis, we conclude that any estimate of the fraction of the virial radius reached by X-ray measurements is affected by systematic errors of the order of 25%. As a result, the properties of the ICM at the virial radius are still uncertain, and the Suzaku results on PKS 0745-191 should be considered with caution.
Inward Investment, Firm Embeddedness and Place

This paper examines the embeddedness of multinational software firms located in the Republic of Ireland. Over the past 15 years, Ireland has emerged as a software centre of growing importance. Many leading US companies now use Ireland as a platform from which to service the European market, in turn making Ireland the world’s leading software exporter. As a result, the extent to which software multinationals become embedded within Ireland will affect future economic development. Although subject to several interpretations, the conceptualization of embeddedness offered in this paper incorporates traditional concerns with local linkages between multinational corporations and host regions as well as issues of growing interest such as affiliate evolution and expansion. In addition, it considers the wider business environment’s influence on firm embeddedness. The findings are based on published data and corporate and government interviews conducted during field research in Ireland. The paper finds that over time software multinationals are becoming somewhat more embedded within Ireland, but several issues related to the negative externalities of Dublin’s rapid growth potentially hinder future development.