Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and beliefs of Malaysian adolescents regarding cancer.

BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents toward cancer prevention and treatment. This lack of research and its potential utility in the development of new educational initiatives and screening methods, or the reconstruction of existing ones, provided the impetus for this study. The primary research aim was to assess secondary school student knowledge of cancer and determine whether or not they possessed basic knowledge of cancer symptoms, risk factors, and treatments and to determine the relationship between cancer knowledge and key demographic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Management and Science University conducted a cross-sectional study analyzing responses through cross-tabulation with the socio-demographic data collected. RESULTS The findings of our quantitative analysis suggest that Malaysian youth generally possess a moderate knowledge about cancer. Quantitative analyses found that socioeconomic inequalities and bias in education present as important factors contributing to cancer awareness, prevention, and treatment among Malaysian adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that Malaysian youth generally possess a moderate knowledge about cancer but the current deficiencies in initiatives directed to cancer awareness continue to hinder the improvement in prevention of cancer among Malaysian adolescents.
School violence: teenagers perceptions

Machine translation to English: Introduction: To identify the occurrence and the perception of bullying among adolescents. METHODS: exploratory descriptive research, joint approach held in a public school of the Lord of Bonfim with 68 teenagers. A semi-structured questionnaire was used and analysis performed through relative frequencies and content analysis. RESULTS and Discussion: There was an average of 76.75% of adolescent victims of bullying , most of the violence occurred in the form of offensive nicknames, generating a priority , angry feelings by the abuser, these, in turn, were either externalized parents or silenced victims who pointed out the aggressors as the main culprits for the acts of violence. CONCLUSIONS: Violence is present at school, and the bullying is a the most common forms of violence. This phenomenon is perceived by students as something inherent to the everyday life. Language: es
Dexamethasone-induced Gene 2 (dig2) Is a Novel Pro-survival Stress Gene Induced Rapidly by Diverse Apoptotic Signals*

Glucocorticoid hormones induce apoptosis in lymphoid cells. This process requires de novo RNA/protein synthesis. Here we report the identification and cloning of a novel dexamethasone-induced gene designated dig2. Using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray analysis of ∼10,000 genes and expressed sequence tags, we found that the expression of dig2 mRNA is significantly induced not only in the murine T cell lymphoma lines S49.A2 and WEHI7.2 but also in normal mouse thymocytes following dexamethasone treatment. This result was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The induction of dig2 mRNA by dexamethasone appears to be mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor as it is blocked in the presence of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dig2 is a novel stress response gene, as its mRNA is induced in response to a variety of cellular stressors including thapsigargin, tunicamycin, and heat shock. In addition, the levels of dig2 mRNA were up-regulated after treatment with the apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic drug etoposide. Though the function of dig2 is unknown, dig2 appears to have a pro-survival function, as overexpression of dig2 reduces the sensitivity of WEHI7.2 cells to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis.
A presença evolutiva de um material impactante e seu efeito no transiente populacional de especies interativas

Resumo. Neste trabalho, partindo de um efetivo problema de impacto ambiental numa região de pantanal e de um levantamento na literatura, justificamos a modelagem de uma interação entre quatro espécies-chave, incluindo as ações intra-espećıficas. Este quadro recebe a perturbação da presença de um produto impactante, nascido de ações antrópicas na região ou próximas, e o sistema evolutivo de equações diferenciais parciais não-linear usado para modelar aspectos transientes dos ńıveis populacionais é apresentado em suas formulações clássica e variacional. Um esquema algoŕıtmico é apresentado, com o qual se obtêm aproximações locais de terceira ordem nas variáveis espaciais e de segunda ordem na aproximação temporal. A aproximação espacial feita com o Método dos Elementos Finitos, usando os de segunda ordem em triângulos com os quais se discretiza o domı́nio. No tempo, usa-se Crank-Nicolson e, para aproximar a solução do sistema não-linear resultante, recorre-se a uma sucessiva linearização em cada passo no tempo. Resultados numéricos são apresentados de modo a permitir discussão e análise dos gráficos obtidos para as soluções aproximadas.
The Legal Reasoning of ICSID Tribunals - An Empirical Analysis

This empirical analysis of the use of interpretive arguments by ad hoc tribunals of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes covers almost 100 cases decided during the past 10 years. The cases are analysed with a view to determining which arguments the tribunals use and how the arguments are used in light of Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The analysis provides a basis for addressing the extent to which ICSID tribunals contribute to creating a predictable legal framework in which the interests of investors, states, and third parties are taken properly into account; the extent to which ICSID tribunals contribute to a coherent development of international investment law; and whether ICSID tribunals contribute to a fragmentation of international law. Despite ICSID tribunals being ad hoc tribunals that solve legal disputes on the basis of heterogeneous legal sources, the article indicates that there is a tendency among ICSID tribunals to contribute to a homogeneous development of the methodology of international law. Nevertheless, the article concludes that ICSID tribunals could do significantly more to align their approaches to interpretive arguments with those of other international tribunals.
Ethnic Differences in Glucose Tolerance: A Comparison of South Asian, Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian Adolescents

The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate differences in glucose tolerance and other factors related to the metabolic syndrome among adolescents from four prominent ethnic groups. Various studies have shown that the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing among adults in the US. This also extends to higher incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome. Particular ethnic groups, such as South Asians, are at risk for developing early and fatal cardiovascular disease related to microvascular changes from impaired glucose tolerance.
Influence of hormonal contraceptive use and health beliefs on sexual orientation disparities in Papanicolaou test use.

OBJECTIVES Reproductive health screenings are a necessary part of quality health care. However, sexual minorities underutilize Papanicolaou (Pap) tests more than heterosexuals do, and the reasons are not known. Our objective was to examine if less hormonal contraceptive use or less positive health beliefs about Pap tests explain sexual orientation disparities in Pap test intention and utilization. METHODS We used multivariable regression with prospective data gathered from 3821 females aged 18 to 25 years in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). RESULTS Among lesbians, less hormonal contraceptive use explained 8.6% of the disparities in Pap test intention and 36.1% of the disparities in Pap test utilization. Less positive health beliefs associated with Pap testing explained 19.1% of the disparities in Pap test intention. Together, less hormonal contraceptive use and less positive health beliefs explained 29.3% of the disparities in Pap test intention and 42.2% of the disparities in Pap test utilization. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal contraceptive use and health beliefs, to a lesser extent, help to explain sexual orientation disparities in intention and receipt of a Pap test, especially among lesbians.
Improved Osteochondral Allograft Preservation Using Serum-Free Media at Body Temperature

Background: Osteochondral allografts (OCAs) are currently preserved at 4°C and used within 28 days of donor harvest. The window of opportunity for implantation is limited to 14 days due to a 2-week disease testing protocol. Hypothesis: Osteochondral allograft tissues stored at 37°C will have significantly higher chondrocyte viability, as well as superior biochemical and biomechanical properties, than those stored at 4°C. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Osteochondral allografts from 15 adult canine cadavers were aseptically harvested within 4 hours of death. Medial and lateral femoral condyles were stored in Media 1, similar to the current standard, or Media 2, an anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic media containing dexamethasone and transforming growth factor−β3, at 4°C or 37°C for up to 56 days. Chondrocyte viability, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (hydroxyproline [HP]) content, biomechanical properties, and collagen II and aggrecan content were assessed at days 28 and 56. Five femoral condyles were stored overnight and assessed the next day to serve as controls. Results: Storage in Media 1 at 37°C maintained chondrocyte viability at significantly higher levels than in any other media-temperature combination and at levels not significantly different from controls. Osteochondral allografts stored in either media at 4°C showed a significant decrease in chondrocyte viability throughout storage. Glycosaminoglycan and HP content were maintained through 56 days of storage in OCAs in Media 1 at 37°C. There were no significant differences in elastic or dynamic moduli among groups at day 56. Qualitative immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of collagen II and aggrecan throughout all layers of cartilage. Conclusion: Osteochondral allograft viability, matrix content and composition, and biomechanical properties were maintained at “fresh” levels through 56 days of storage in Media 1 at 37°C. Osteochondral allografts stored at 4°C were unable to maintain viability or matrix integrity through 28 days of storage. These findings suggest that storage of OCAs in a defined media at 37°C is superior to current protocols (4°C) for tissue preservation prior to transplantation. Clinical Relevance: Storage of OCAs in serum-free chemically defined media at 37°C can increase the “window of opportunity” for implantation of optimal tissue from 14 days to 42 days after disease testing clearance.
Transgene-induced gene silencing in plants.

The recent development of gene transfer methods for almost all eukaryotes has revealed that transgenes can undergo silencing after integration in the genome. Host genes can also be silenced as a consequence of the presence of a homologous transgene, thus limiting the potential application of genetic transformation. Despite this limitation, transgene-induced gene silencing events were considered originally as anecdotal phenomena. However, as more and more similarities were found between transgene-induced gene silencing and natural epigenetic phenomena, considerable interest has been devoted to this subject (for recent reviews see Depicker and Van Montagu, 1997; Stam et al., 1997b). Epigenetics is commonly defined as ‘the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in the function of a gene that cannot be explained by changes in its DNA sequence’ (Russo et al., 1996). For a long time, DNA was considered as the only target for epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes corresponding to changes in chromatin structure and affecting transcription have been reported in almost all eukaryotes: yeast, fungi, Drosophila, plants and mammals (Dorer, 1997; Foss and Selker, 1991; Rossignol and Faugeron, 1994; Ye and Signer, 1996). However, recent studies have suggested that, besides DNA, other molecules can be modified in a manner that resembles epigenetic DNA changes. First, it was shown that proteins can be converted into molecules of aberrant conformation called prions in yeast and mammals (Lacroute, 1971; Prusiner, 1982). More recently, the involvement of RNA was hypothesized to explain post-transcriptional silencing in plants, fungi and nematodes (Cogoni et al., 1996; Fire et al., 1998; Napoli et al., 1990). This review will focus on transgene-induced silencing phenomena in plants. The number of copies of a transgene that integrate into the genome of a transformed plant and
Economic volatility in childhood and subsequent adolescent mental health problems: a longitudinal population-based study of adolescents

Objective The aim of the current paper was to investigate the association between the patterns of duration, timing and sequencing of exposure to low family income during childhood, and symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence. Setting Survey administered to a large population-based sample of Norwegian adolescents. Participants Survey data from 9154 participants of 16–19 years age (53% participation rate; 52.7% girls) were linked to registry-based information about childhood family income from tax return data. Outcome measures Mental health outcomes were symptoms of emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems and general mental health problems measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, symptoms of depression measured with Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) measured with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Results Latent class analysis and the BCH approach in Mplus were used to examine associations between patterns of poverty exposure and mental health outcomes. Four latent classes of poverty exposure emerged from the analysis. Participants moving into poverty (2.3%), out of poverty (3.5%) or those chronically poor (3.1%) had more symptoms of mental health problems (Cohen’s d=16-.50) than those with no poverty exposure (91.1%). This pattern was, however, not found for symptoms of ADHD. The pattern of results was confirmed in robustness checks using observed data. Conclusions Exposure to poverty in childhood was found to be associated with most mental health problems in adolescence. There was no strong suggestion of any timing or sequencing effects in the patterns of associations.
Development of juman male meiosis in vitro.

Testes material from 16 men was used to study the development of human meiosis in vitro. The present report deals with the results from the analysis of the cells from the organ cultures of five of these men. H3-thymidine was added to the culture medium for 75 to 90 minutes. The isotope was removed and the cells were thoroughly washed in 3 changes of fresh medium without tritium. Subsequently they were incubated at 36°C for 14 days. Feulgen squashes and sections were prepared and labelled cells were photographed. After this procedure the silver grains were removed from the autoradiographs in order to identify the meiotic stages. The most advanced stages found labelled, after the cells had been in culture for 14 days, were the following: prometaphase I, metaphase I, prophase II and telophase II. Under the culture conditions used human spermatocytes are able to develop in vitro from DNA synthesis to the end of the second division of meiosis.
Psychobiology of traumatization and trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality.

21.1 The theory of trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality . 339 21.1.1 Personality . 340 21.1.1. 1 Genetic factors in personality . 341 21.1.1.2 Gene-environment interaction . 341 21.1.1.3 Personality and action systems . 342 21.1.2 Dissociative parts and action systems . 344 21.1.2.1 EP is primarily fi xated on survival under threat . 344 21.1.2.2 ANP primarily involves action systems that manage daily life . 344 21.1.2.3 A dimension of trauma-related structural dissociation . 345 21.1.2.4 Structural dissociation and disorganized attachment . 345 21.2 Similarities between the human and animal defensive system . 346 21.3 Psychobiological interference with integration of ANP and EP . 346 21.3. 1 Peritraumatic integrative failure . 346 21.3. 2 Posttraumatic integrative failure . 347 21.3. 2.1 Traumatization and classical conditioning . 347 21.3. 2.2 Phobias of traumatic memories and dissociative personalities . 347 21.3. 2.3 Evaluative conditioning . 347 21.3. 2.4 Relational factors that maintain structural dissociation . 348 21.4 Different survivors, different psychobiological reactions to threat . 348 21.5 Arousal, polyvagal theory, and structural dissociation . 348 21.6 Different reaction patterns in different survivors . 351 21.6. 1 Different neuroendocrinological features in different survivors: cortisol . 351 21.6. 2 Different psychophysiological features in diffi erent survivors . 352 21.6. 3 Different neural activity in different survivors . 352 21.7 Different psychobiological reactions for different dissociative parts . 353 21.7. 1 Psychophysiological reactivity . 353 21.7. 2 ANP and EP dependent neural activity . 355 21.7. 2.1 Supraliminal exposure to perceived threat . 355 21.7. 2.2 Subliminal exposure to perceived threat . 356 21.7. 2.3 Limitation . 357 21.8 Positive feedforward excitation (EP) and negative feedback inhibition (ANP) . 357 21.8. 1 EP-dependent responsivity to threat . 357 21.8. 2 ANP-dependent responsivity to threat . 358 21.9 Conclusion . 358
Distractive Flexion Injuries of the Subaxial Cervical Spine Treated With Anterior Plate Alone

The clinical and radiographic effect of anterior plate fixation alone was evaluated in 36 consecutive patients with distractive flexion (DF) injuries in the lower cervical spine. Mean follow-up time was 15 months. The aim of the present study was to determine whether anterior plate fixation alone provides sufficient stability when treating DF injuries in the cervical spine. Solid union was seen in 6 of 6 patients with stage 1 injury and in 15 of 17 patients with stage 2 injury. In the patients with stage 3 injury, 7 of 13 of the anterior fixations failed. These failures occurred mainly among the patients with severe neurologic injuries. We believe these findings substantiate the use of anterior plate alone for DF injuries at stage 1 and 2 but disqualify anterior plate fixation alone for DF injuries at stage 3, with neurologic injury present.
Executive functioning deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: The influence of intellectual and social functioning

The aim of this study was to provide a broad picture of Executive Functioning (EF) in NF1 children, while taking into account their lower average IQ and increased Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms. This was done by administering an extended battery of tasks and questionnaires, designed to reduce task impurity, that measures five EF domains (inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, generativity and planning) in a laboratory setting and in daily life. Data are presented for 42 age‐ and gender‐matched NF1, 52 typically developing, and 52 ASD children (8–18 years). Our results indicated that although EF is highly influenced by IQ and severity of ASD symptoms, EF deficits seem to be a core feature of NF1 and not merely a secondary effect of a lower IQ and/or increased ASD symptoms. However, additional research is needed to confirm these findings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unsteady Ground: Certification to Unstable Criteria

Cross Domain Systems for handling classified information complicate the certification test and evaluation problem, because along with multiple data owners comes duplicate responsibility for residual risk. Over-reliance on independent verification and validation by certifiers and accreditors representing different government agencies is interpreted as conflating the principle of defence-in-depth with the practice of repeated verification and validation testing. Using real-world examples of successful and unsuccessful certification test and evaluation efforts to guide the development of a new communication tool for accreditors, this research aims to reduce time and cost wasted on unnecessary retesting of the same or similar security requirements during security test and evaluation in multi-level environments.
Papillary dermal elastosis: a unique elastic tissue disorder or an unusual manifestation of pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like papillary dermal elastolysis?

There are numerous acquired elastic tissue disorders, several of which present cutaneously with small yellow‐to‐white papules resembling plucked chicken skin. Differential diagnoses depend on the abnormalities within the network of elastic tissues. We report a case with distinct histologic features, which may represent a unique elastic tissue disorder or a variant of pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like papillary dermal elastolysis. Our patient's clinical presentation includes scattered 1–2 mm white‐to‐yellow papules without surface change on the upper back and neck region. Histology is characterized by foci of clumped, granular elastic tissue, which have replaced the oxytalan and elaunin fibers, alternating with foci of decreased concentrations of normal‐appearing elastic fibers within the papillary dermis. Given its characteristics, we have termed this novel entity ‘papillary dermal elastosis’.
Association of the PD-1.3A allele of the PDCD1 gene in patients with rheumatoid arthritis negative for rheumatoid factor and the shared epitope.

OBJECTIVE To study the frequency of allele A of polymorphism PD-1.3 of the PDCD1 gene in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its subsets, based on the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and the shared epitope (SE) alleles. METHODS A total of 1,175 patients with RA and 3,404 controls were genotyped for the PD-1.3 A/G polymorphism, which previously was identified as being involved in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients of European descent. RESULTS We first detected a trend for association of allele A of the single-nucleotide polymorphism PD-1.3 with RA (P = 0.053, odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.99-1.41). To further clarify the nature of this association, patients with RA were divided into 4 groups according to the presence of RF and the SE alleles. Association was found only in the group of patients negative for both RF and the SE alleles (P = 0.0054 [corrected P = 0.015], OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.15-2.65). CONCLUSION Patients negative for both RF and the SE alleles showed association with the same allele that we previously identified as being involved in susceptibility to SLE. These results provide the first evidence of the involvement of the human PDCD1 gene in arthritis.