Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poorer maternal diet quality and increased birth weight*

Abstract Objective: Maternal diet and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence birth weight and infant adiposity, which are important predictors of lifetime health. To better understand these relationships, we studied associations between maternal diet and GWG, adiposity, and birth weight in a well characterized cohort of pregnant women. Study design: Data were obtained from 41 term (>37 weeks), uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories of normal (n = 11), overweight (n = 15), or obese (n = 15). Daily consumption of protein, fat, and carbohydrates and a Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) score were determined from 24 h food recall collections. Associations were modeled using multinomial logistic and linear regression. Results: Neither the third trimester maternal diet quality nor the macronutrient consumption was associated with GWG after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, and parity. A ten-point lower HEI-2010 score was associated with 200 g higher infant birth weight and a 1.0 cm longer length. However, maternal HEI-2010 and macronutrient composition were unrelated to infant percent body fat, ponderal index, or abdominal circumference. Conclusions: Poorer third trimester maternal diet quality was associated with higher birth weight and longer length, but was unrelated to markers of infant adiposity. GWG was independent of third trimester maternal diet composition and quality.
Trends and characteristics of fetal and neonatal mortality due to congenital anomalies, Colombia 1999–2008

Abstract Objective: To describe fetal and neonatal mortality due to congenital anomalies in Colombia. Methods: We analyzed all fetal and neonatal deaths due to a congenital anomaly registered with the Colombian vital statistics system during 1999–2008. Results: The registry included 213,293 fetal deaths and 7,216,727 live births. Of the live births, 77,738 (1.08%) resulted in neonatal deaths. Congenital anomalies were responsible for 7321 fetal deaths (3.4% of all fetal deaths) and 15,040 neonatal deaths (19.3% of all neonatal deaths). The fetal mortality rate due to congenital anomalies was 9.9 per 10,000 live births and fetal deaths; the neonatal mortality rate due to congenital anomalies was 20.8 per 10,000 live births. Mortality rates due to congenital anomalies remained relatively stable during the study period. The most frequent fatal congenital anomalies were congenital heart defects (32.0%), central nervous system anomalies (15.8%), and chromosomal anomalies (8.0%). Risk factors for fetal and neonatal death included: male or undetermined sex, living in villages or rural areas, mother’s age >35 years, low and very low birthweight, and <28 weeks gestation at birth. Conclusions: Congenital anomalies are an important cause of fetal and neonatal deaths in Colombia, but many of the anomalies may be preventable or treatable.
Short interpregnancy intervals and associated risk of preterm birth in Asians and Pacific Islanders

Abstract Purpose: The prevalence of short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and associated rates of preterm birth has been understudied in Asian and Pacific Islander populations. We sought to estimate rates of short IPI among Asian subgroups and Pacific Islanders and associated risk of preterm birth. Materials and methods: For this retrospective cohort study, we linked records of women in California with a first birth in 1999–2000 and a second birth before 2005 with hospital discharge data. We used multivariate modeling to determine whether specific Asian ethnicities and Pacific Islanders were at greater risk of short IPI (<6 months, 6–18 months) and if a short IPI increased risk for preterm birth in these groups. Results: Our sample included 189,931 women. In multivariable analyses, Asian subgroups and Pacific Islanders were more likely to have an IPI <6 months than were White women (Pacific Islanders: OR 3.31 (95%CI [2.7, 4.1]); Filipinas: OR 1.51 (95%CI [1.33, 1.71]); Southeast Asians: OR 1.93 (95%CI [1.73, 2.1]); East Asians: OR 1.65 (95%CI [1.48, 1.84]); other Asians: OR 2.04 (95%CI [1.70, 2.4])). Conclusions: Asian and Pacific Islander women have higher rates of IPI <6 months, but this did not significantly increase their risk of preterm birth.
Current developments and uses of cryosurgery in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars

Cryosurgery is currently regarded as the treatment of choice for keloids and hypertrophic scars. Four techniques are established or currently under evaluation in this area. The first is cryosurgery as monotherapy. Using this regimen, 241 of 356 patients (68%) with keloids and 72 of 89 patients with hypertrophic scars (81%), showed a greater than 50% improvement or complete regression (five studies). Using the second technique, cryosurgery with intralesional corticosteroids, significant regression of keloids was found in 119 of 159 patients (75%; four studies). Cryosurgery induces tissue edema and facilitates intralesional injections; however, the combined therapy was not superior (90% greater than 50% reduction of lesional volume) to monotherapy (83.3%) in a study of 40 patients with keloids. The third technique is surgical debulkment prior to cryosurgery without corticosteroids. This regimen is unavoidable in large keloids; however, it can result in recurrences despite its shortterm promising effects. Intralesional cryosurgery, the fourth technique, was developed by modifying the technique by Weshahy and is under evaluation in our department. In addition, histological and immunohistological studies of keloids and keloidal fibroblasts in vitro treated by cryosurgery have detected changes indicating potential rejuvenation of the scars. Cryosurgery—the well-aimed and controlled destruction of diseased tissue by application of cold—is an effective and efficient method for treating various skin diseases. The technique has several advantages and, especially in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars, provides good therapeutic and cosmetic results with few contraindications and a low incidence of complications. The therapeutic properties of tissue freezing have also been used successfully to treat superficial atrophic acne scars.
Assessing Community Hospice Needs and Preferences

The purpose of this article is to present the results of an assessment to identify future service needs and preferences for a hospice program in an Upstate New York hospice catchment area. Information and data were collected through a literature review, focus groups, and surveys. Perspectives of professional providers, patients, and patients' families were included in the data collection. One need identified by patients and families was short-term respite in the home. A major need identified by all participants was more education of community members and healthcare professionals about the hospice concept and services. Discussion focuses on how the assessment design and results may provide a template for other communities in planning, implementing, and/or evaluating hospice services.
IGF‐1 receptor‐mediated ERK/MAPK signaling couples status epilepticus to progenitor cell proliferation in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus

Adult progenitor cell proliferation in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus is a dynamic process that is modulated by an array of physiological process, including locomotor activity and novel environmental stimuli. In addition, pathophysiological events, such as ischemia and status epilepticus (SE), have been shown to stimulate neurogenesis. Currently, limited information is available regarding the extracellular stimuli, receptors, and downstream intracellular effectors that couple excitotoxic stimulation to progenitor cell proliferation. Here we show that pilocarpine‐induced SE triggers a set of signaling events that impinge upon the p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to drive progenitor cell proliferation in the SGZ at 2‐days post‐SE. Increased proliferation was dependent on insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), which was localized to activated microglia near the SGZ. Using a combination of techniques, we show that IGF‐1 is a CREB‐regulated gene and that SE triggered CRE‐dependent transcription in microglia at 2‐days post‐SE. Together, these data identify a potential signaling program that couples SE to progenitor cell proliferation. SE triggers CREB‐dependent transcription in reactive microglia. As a CREB‐target gene, IGF‐1 expression is upregulated, and by 2‐days post‐SE, IGF‐1 triggers MAPK pathway activation in progenitor cells and, in turn, an increase in progenitor cell proliferation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relation between problematic Internet use and healthy lifestyle behaviours in high school students

Internet provides significant benefits for learning about the world but excessive Internet use can lead to negative outcomes. Problematic Internet use becomes a significant health concern among adolescents. However, the relation between problematic Internet use and adolescents adopting health-promoting behaviour is understudied. This study examined the relation between problematic Internet use and healthy lifestyle behaviours among a sample of 1000 students from seven high schools in Sivas, Turkey. Data were collected using the problematic Internet usage scale and health promotion lifestyle profile. Among male students, levels of problematic Internet use were significantly high in individuals using the Internet every day, those connecting to the Internet at home and those who use the Internet at least 5 h a day. Even though a weak negative correlation between problematic Internet use and healthy lifestyle behaviours was observed, gender and daily Internet use time also appeared to affect healthy lifestyle behaviours. The results from this study support the importance of developing early protective and preventive actions against problematic Internet use to promote adolescent health.
Relationship between the Required Coefficient of Friction and Gait Initiation in Young Adults on a Low Friction Floor

The objective of this study was to clarify how movement is controlled at gait initiation in order to avoid increasing required coefficient of friction (RCOF) on a low friction floor. We aimed at examining the relationship between RCOF during push off for the second step and movement of the first step. Twelve healthy young adults underwent measurement of ground reaction forces during push off for the second step using a force plate. Movement of the first step was measured with a motion analysis system. Upon initiation of the gait on the low friction floor, frequency and displacement of slips were greatest during push off for the second step. As the step length for the first step decreased, there was a significant decrease in the maximum value of RCOF during push off for the second step. These findings suggest that the step length for the first step is reduced in order to avoid increasing RCOF during push off for the second step.
Prehypertension in early versus late pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Hypertensive disorders play a significant role in maternal morbidity and mortality. Limited data on prehypertension (preHTN) in pregnancy exist. We examine the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with preHTN in early (<20 weeks) versus late pregnancy (>20 weeks). Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study of singleton gestations between August 2013 and June 2014. Patients were divided based on when they had the highest blood pressure in pregnancy, as defined per the Joint National Committee 7 (JNC-7). Groups were compared using χ2, Fisher’s exact, Student’s t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test with p < . 05 used as significance. Results: There were 125 control, 95 early preHTN, 136 late preHTN, and 21 chronic hypertension (CHTN). Early preHTN had an increased risk of pregnancy-related hypertension (PRH) (OR 12.26, p < .01) and composite adverse outcomes (OR 2.32, p < .01). Late preHTN had an increased risk for PRH (OR 4.39, p = .02) compared with normotensive and decreased risk for PRH (OR 0.26, p = .02), and composite adverse outcomes (OR 0.379, p = .04) compared with CHTN. Compared with late preHTN, early preHTN had more PRH (OR 2.85, p < .01), and composite adverse outcomes (OR 1.68, p = .04). Conclusions: Early prehypertension increases the risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes. Other than an increased risk of PRH, patients with late prehypertension have outcomes similar to normotensive women.
The Inner Life at the End of Life

This study utilized Husserl's phenomenological perspective and Colaizzi's analysis technique to investigate the lived experience of the inner life of 10 hospice patients as they faced their dying experience. Interview results revealed three metathemes: (1) life review leading to life perspectives; (2) factors related to death attitudes; and (3) lifestyle changes, including subthemes: "living while dying" and "the search: to find an acceptable and satisfying completion to this life. " The significance of this study was the discovery of an effective process for guidance and support of dying patients that the author calls the "inner life at the end of life. " During this process, participants engaged in life review and reevaluation based on their life perspectives and attitude toward death. Within that framework, participants experienced a range of shared dimensions, punctuated by specifically unique experiences as they engaged in a search for meaning and significance. End-of-life changes compelled participants to seek new resources and strategies for maintenance of control and stability. When challenges emerged, the participants implemented "the search: to find an acceptable and satisfying completion to this life," engaging family members, friends, and the hospice team in an effort to relieve discomfort and regain a degree of control.
B-1a cells and plasma cells in periodontitis lesions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Host response mechanisms in periodontal tissues are complex and involve numerous systems of interactions between cells. The B-cell lineage seems to predominate in chronic periodontitis lesions. The aim of the present investigation was to study the correlation between inflammatory cells and some functional markers in gingival lesions obtained from subjects with severe chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-eight Caucasian subjects volunteered to take part in the study. A gingival biopsy from one randomly selected diseased proximal site (probing pocket depth > 6 mm and bleeding on probing positive) was obtained from each patient. Immunohistochemical preparation was used to identify inflammatory cells and functional markers. Correlations between the different percentages of cell markers were analyzed by pairwise correlation. RESULTS B cells (B-1a and B-2 cells) occurred in larger proportions than T cells and plasma cells. A statistically significant correlation was found between the percentage of B-1a cells and plasma cells and between all B lymphocytes and plasma cells. About 60% of B lymphocytes exhibited autoreactive features. CONCLUSION It is suggested that B-1a cells constitute a significant part of the host response in periodontitis lesions and that plasma cells may develop from both B-2 and B-1a cells.
Developmental and post‐injury cortical gliogenesis: A Genetic fate‐mapping study with Nestin‐CreER mice

The primary sources of cortical gliogenesis, either during development or after adult brain injury, remain uncertain. We previously generated Nestin‐CreER mice to fate‐map the progeny of radial glial cells (RG), a source of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system. Here, we show that Nestin‐CreER mice label another population of glial progenitors, namely the perinatal subventricular zone (SVZ) glioblasts, if they are crossed with stop‐floxed EGFP mice and receive tamoxifen in late embryogenesis (E16–E18). Quantification showed E18 tamoxifen‐induction labeled more perinatal SVZ glioblasts than RG and transitional RG combined in the newborn brain (54% vs. 22%). Time‐lapse microscopy showed SVZ‐glioblasts underwent complex metamorphosis and often‐reciprocal transformation into transitional RG. Surprisingly, the E10‐dosed RG progenitors produced astrocytes, but no oligodendrocytes, whereas E18‐induction fate‐mapped both astrocytes and NG2+ oligodendrocyte precursors in the postnatal brain. These results suggest that cortical oligodendrocytes mostly derive from perinatal SVZ glioblast progenitors. Further, by combining genetic fate‐mapping and BrdU‐labeling, we showed that cortical astrocytes cease proliferation soon after birth (
Butyrate, a bacterial metabolite, induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death in gingival epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Butyrate is produced by some types of anaerobic periodontal bacteria. Millimolar concentrations of butyrate are found in mature dental plaque from periodontitis patients. Although butyrate reportedly has a variety of effects in many mammalian cells, its effect on gingival epithelial cells is not well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of butyrate on gingival epithelial Ca9-22 cell death. MATERIAL AND METHODS Death of Ca9-22 cells was assessed after treating the cells with or without butyrate. A SYTOX Green dye, which exhibits strong green fluorescence once it enters dead cells through ruptured cell membranes, was used for cell death detection. Phosphatidylserine redistribution was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled annexin V. The activity of caspase-3 was measured as the amount of cleaved substrate peptide. Anti-apoptotic bcl-2 mRNA expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Western blotting and fluoromicroscopic analysis with anti-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) antibodies were performed for detection of autophagy. RESULTS Stimulation with millimolar concentrations of butyrate for 48 h induced Ca9-22 cell death. The stimulation also caused increased caspase-3 activity, phosphatidylserine redistribution and bcl-2 down-regulation, suggesting butyrate-induced apoptosis. However, the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, did not inhibit cell death completely. This implies the existence of other types of cell death. In addition, markers of autophagy, namely, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and increased LC3 accumulation, were observed. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine suppressed the butyrate-induced cell death, suggesting that butyrate could induce cell death through autophagy. CONCLUSION These data suggest that butyrate induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death.
Growth and neurodevelopment in very preterm infants receiving a high enteral volume-feeding regimen – a population-based cohort study

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate a feeding regimen routinely providing >180 ml/kg/d fortified human milk to very preterm infants and impact on in-hospital growth, osteopenia, and neurodevelopment. Method: Retrospective population-based descriptive study of infants <30-week gestation admitted within 24 h of birth and discharged during the 6-year period 2005–2010. Growth and neurodevelopment was assessed until 2 years corrected age, and cerebral palsy up to 4 years corrected age Results: Ninety-nine infants below 30-week gestation were admitted within 24 h of birth during the 6-year period, of which 84 (85%) survived to discharge. Two infants had surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, both survived to 2 years follow up. Seventy-eight infants (mean 27 weeks) had complete growth data until discharge. Full enteral feeds were tolerated after mean 10 d. Average milk volumes were 193 ml/kg/d from 15 to 42 d of life. Rates of weight below 10th centile were 10% at birth and 14% at discharge. Head circumference Z-scores were stable from birth to discharge. Blood values did not indicate osteopenia. Increasing head circumference Z-scores were associated with improved language development. Conclusions: This high enteral feeding volume regimen was associated with low rates of in-hospital growth restriction and good head growth. High enteral volume intake seems safe and may improve nutritional status of very preterm infants.
Characteristics associated to lipodystrophy syndrome among HIV-infected patients naive and on antiretroviral treatment.

Background: HIV-associated lipodystrophy involves changes in complex metabolic networks that are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It has been associated with the use of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART), particularly Protease Inhibitors (PI) and thymidine analogs. This study aims to evaluate characteristics and use of ART associated with lipodystrophy, lipohypertrophy, and lipoatrophy among HIV-infected patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-infected patients of both genders, aged 18 years or older, who sought care at an HIV/AIDS referral service for diagnostic confirmation or treatment between June 2006 and December 2008. Results: 1240 out of 1295 patients with HIV infection were included. Among patients on cART, women had a higher risk of lipohypertrophy than men, as well as a time since diagnosis of HIV greater than 6 years (versus <3 years). For lipoatrophy, age, education, lifestyle, and body mass index were associated with increased risk. Metabolic parameters were higher among patients on ART; and cART and PI use were independently associated with lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy and lipodystrophy. The use of IPs can be regarded as responsible for 13% of the association of ART and lipodystrophy, and of 11.5% for the thymidine analogs use, independent of gender, skin color, smoking, CD4, and BMI. Conclusions: Risk factors fo
Antenatal magnesium sulfate is beneficial or harmful in very preterm and extremely preterm neonates: a new insight

Abstract Aims: To evaluate whether antenatal MgSO4 is beneficial or harmful in very preterm and extremely preterm neonates. Materials and methods: We retrieved published literature through searches of PubMed or Medline, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and relevant observational studies. Results: Evidence revealed that antenatal MgSO4 has neuroprotective role in preterm neonates and it decreased the risk of cerebral palsy and gross motor dysfunction. Evidences regarding association of antenatal MgSO4 with feed intolerance, NEC and SIP were from cohort studies and controversial. Conclusions: We should continue use antenatal MgSO4 to all eligible patients according to protocol till the more robust evidence will suggest association with gastrointestinal complications. In the meantime, we should have a high index of suspicion of gastrointestinal complications in extremely preterms particularly <26 weeks of gestation.