Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Categorical phonotactic knowledge filters second language input, but probabilistic phonotactic knowledge can still be acquired

Probabilistic phonotactic knowledge facilitates perception, but categorical phonotactic illegality can cause misperceptions, especially of non-native phoneme combinations. If misperceptions induced by first language (L1) knowledge filter second language input, access to second language (L2) probabilistic phonotactics is potentially blocked for L2 acquisition. The facilitatory effects of L2 probabilistic phonotactics and categorical filtering effects of L1 phonotactics were compared and contrasted in a series of cross-modal priming experiments. Dutch native listeners and L1 Spanish and Japanese learners of Dutch had to perform a lexical decision task on Dutch words that started with /sC/ clusters that were of different degrees of probabilistic wellformedness in Dutch but illegal in Spanish and Japanese. Versions of target words with Spanish illegality resolving epenthesis in the clusters primed the Spanish group, showing an L1 filter; a similar effect was not found for the Japanese group. In addition, words with wellformed /sC/ clusters were recognised faster, showing a positive effect on processing of probabilistic wellformedness. However, Spanish learners with higher proficiency were facilitated to a greater extent by wellformed but epenthesised clusters, showing that although probabilistic learning occurs in spite of the L1 filter, the acquired probabilistic knowledge is still affected by L1 categorical knowledge. Categorical phonotactic and probabilistic knowledge are of a different nature and interact in acquisition.
Are We Learning More about Patient-centered Medical Homes (PCMHs), or Learning More about Primary Care?

The 1971 report by Millis[1][1] promoted family medicine as the remedy for an American health care system “designed to cure the acutely ill and available to those who could afford to pay. ” More than 40 years later, the annual premium for family health coverage has risen to 34% of the average
Redesigning the DNA‐binding specificity of a zinc finger protein: A data base‐guided approach

A peptide corresponding to the three zinc finger domains of the human transcription factor Sp1 has been expressed and found to bind a consensus Sp1 binding site with the sequence 5′‐GGGGCGGGG‐3′. Examination of the amino acid distributions within a large zinc finger sequence data base and chemical arguments suggested that a particular Arg to Gln sequence change might convert binding specificity to 5′‐GGGGCAGGG‐3′. Experimental tests of this hypothesis revealed that such a change could be induced only when two other sequence changes, deduced from examination of sequence correlations, were made as well. These results provide the most direct information to date about how zinc finger proteins might recognize adenine‐containing binding sites and bear on the existence and nature of any code between zinc finger protein and binding site sequences.
A case of ‘task-switching acalculia’

In this study we describe a patient (FR) with left frontal lesions due to a cerebrovascular disorder of embolic origin. Beyond a general slowness, FR showed deficits in simple multiplication only when problems were presented in a mixed operations list (multiplication, addition, and subtraction), while no such deficits were observed for the same multiplication problems in blocked presentation. Deficits were restricted to trials directly affected by a switch (increased switch costs), but not to subsequent trials (no increased mixing costs). Thus, we provide the first detailed description of a condition which could be termed ‘task-switching acalculia’ in a stroke patient. This case highlights the need for mixed operation lists in the diagnosis of acalculia.
What We Know and Do Not Know About Mobile App Usage and Stickiness: A Research Agenda

Mobile applications apps have transformed the way firms and consumers communicate with each other, and have now become integral to firms' marketing strategies. However, in a marketplace characterized by myriad choices, one of the biggest challenges that Marketers face is to foster continued and frequent use, or stickiness. This brings forth two important questions: what factors affect consumers' decision to use and "stick" to apps? What are the key outcomes of stickiness for both consumers and firms? This study maps the conceptual and research issues underlying consumers' decision journey and outcomes with respect to mobile app use. We build a framework based on the central tenets of interactivity combined with the insights gleaned from a survey of interdisciplinary literature. We discuss the implications for research and practice in this emerging area of interest.
Treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty rats with AVE7688 improves vascular and neural dysfunction

Aim: Vasopeptidase inhibitors are drugs that inhibit angiotensin‐converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). The latter is a protease that degrades vasoactive peptides and is increased in diabetes. We have previously shown that treating streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, an animal model of type 1 diabetes, with AVE7688, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, improves neurovascular and neural function. In this study, we determined the effect of treating Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, with AVE7688 on vascular and neural function.
Negative daily events, positive and negative social ties, and psychological distress among older adults.

This study examined whether positive and negative social ties moderate the effects of negative daily events on psychological distress of 110 community-dwelling elders age 60-89. In accord with the stress-buffering hypothesis, the effect of negative daily events on psychological distress significantly (p less than .05) decreased as positive social ties increased. Contrary to the stress-amplifying hypothesis, negative social ties did not interact with negative daily events to influence psychological distress, but instead, had a significant (p less than .01) additive effect on it.
Accuracy of percutaneous core biopsy of isolated breast microcalcifications identified by mammography. Experience with a vacuum-assisted large-core biopsy device.

PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 11-G vacuum-assisted stereotactic core biopsy (VAB) of isolated clusters of microcalcifications identified by mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 364 consecutive procedures from February 1999 to June 2002. Final outcome was histological diagnosis at surgery or mammographic follow-up. Linkage with local cancer registry was available. Diagnostic accuracy and upgrading of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) to carcinoma or of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma (INV) was evaluated. The positive predictive value (PPV) of radiological judgement (score 1 to 5) and of the cluster volume (only for unifocal lesions) for ADH or more severe lesions was also considered. RESULTS A total of 364 consecutive VAB procedures were evaluated (average age 54.9, range 33-81). VAB report was negative, ADH, DCIS or INV in 192, 22, 126 or 24 cases, respectively. Of 188 cases with ADH or more severe reports at VAB or surgical biopsy 16 had an originally negative VAB report, yielding a sensitivity of 91.4%. Upgrading at surgical biopsy for cases with follow-up was 29.4% (5/17) for ADH (DCIS=2, INV=3) and 17.3% (20/115) for DCIS. Of 221 cases with known outcome and mammograms available for review PPV was 37.1%, 65.9%, 90.9%, and 89.4% for radiological suspicion degrees 2,3,4 and 5, respectively (chi squared for trend = 32.44, p<10(-6)) and was 70.0%, 72.4% and 89.4% for cluster volumes of 0-60, 61-500 and >500 mmc, respectively (chi squared for trend= 2.36, p=0.12) among 195 unifocal clusters. No microcalcifications were found at core radiography in 20 cases (VAB negative=18, ADH=1, INV=1) with DCIS or INV occurring in 4 or 1 case, respectively, at further surgery. CONCLUSIONS Core biopsy avoids unnecessary surgery in many subjects with suspicious microcalcifications, although it implies a non negligible risk of false negative report. Surgical biopsy in VAB negative cases could be indicated according to other variables (e.g. the degree of radiological suspicion). VAB has relevant limits in grading breast lesions, as ADH or DCIS are associated to a considerable risk of upgrading at surgical biopsy. VAB reports other than INV need to be confirmed at surgery before an individual treatment strategy may be defined.
Are physicians prepared for whole genome sequencing? a qualitative analysis

Although the integration of whole genome sequencing (WGS) into standard medical practice is rapidly becoming feasible, physicians may be unprepared to use it. Primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of WGS received genomics education before completing semi‐structured interviews. Themes about preparedness were identified in transcripts through team‐based consensus‐coding. Data from 11 PCPs and 9 cardiologists suggested that physicians enrolled in the trial primarily to prepare themselves for widespread use of WGS in the future. PCPs were concerned about their general genomic knowledge, while cardiologists were concerned about how to interpret specific types of results and secondary findings. Both cohorts anticipated preparing extensively before disclosing results to patients by using educational resources with which they were already familiar, and both cohorts anticipated making referrals to genetics specialists as needed. A lack of laboratory guidance, time pressures, and a lack of standards contributed to feeling unprepared. Physicians had specialty‐specific concerns about their preparedness to use WGS. Findings identify specific policy changes that could help physicians feel more prepared, and highlight how providers of all types will need to become familiar with interpreting WGS results.
Sleep Disturbances and Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which was defined as loud snoring, stopping breathing for a while during sleep, and daytime sleepiness, and insomnia with glucose metabolism and incident type 2 diabetes in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Between 1989 and 1993, the Cardiovascular Health Study recruited 5,888 participants ≥65 years of age from four U.S. communities. Participants reported SDB and insomnia symptoms yearly through 1989–1994. In 1989–1990, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, from which insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were estimated. Fasting glucose levels were measured in 1989–1990 and again in 1992–1993, 1994–1995, 1996–1997, and 1998–1999, and medication use was ascertained yearly. We determined the cross-sectional associations of sleep symptoms with fasting glucose levels, 2-h glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion using generalized estimated equations and linear regression models. We determined the associations of updated and averaged sleep symptoms with incident diabetes in Cox proportional hazards models. We adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history. RESULTS Observed apnea, snoring, and daytime sleepiness were associated with higher fasting glucose levels, higher 2-h glucose levels, lower insulin sensitivity, and higher insulin secretion. The risk of the development of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with observed apnea (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84 [95% CI 1.19–2.86]), snoring (HR 1.27 [95% CI 0.95–1.71]), and daytime sleepiness (HR 1.54 [95% CI 1.13–2.12]). In contrast, we did not find consistent associations between insomnia symptoms and glucose metabolism or incident type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Easily collected symptoms of SDB are strongly associated with insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in older adults. Monitoring glucose metabolism in such patients may prove useful in identifying candidates for lifestyle or pharmacological therapy. Further studies are needed to determine whether insomnia symptoms affect the risk of diabetes in younger adults.
Persisting Helicobacter antibodies in Finnish children and adolescents between two and twenty years of age.

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is an important gastric pathogen usually acquired in childhood. The presumed lifelong progression of H. pylori infection has recently been called into question in some longitudinal studies on children. In this follow-up study the prevalence and persistence of H. pylori antibodies in Finnish children and adolescents from three communities was determined. METHODS We measured H. pylori antibodies in follow-up serum samples of 337 Finnish children who participated in a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine study started in 1982. All available samples collected in 1983, 1987 and 1995 were studied first; additional serum samples collected yearly were studied from children who became seropositive during the follow-up period. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori antibodies was 5.6%. About two-thirds of the Helicobacter infections were acquired before the age of 7 years; of the remaining one-third the time of seroconversion varied between 7 and 19 years. No seroreverters were found. There were no statistically significant differences in the seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies in the three communities studied. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori antibodies in Finnish children studied was low. Although the majority of new infections were found in children younger than 7 years of age, new Helicobacter infections were acquired throughout childhood and adolescence. Once acquired H. pylori infection, as verified by Helicobacter antibodies, persisted.
Implicit learning of non-spatial sequences in schizophrenia

Recent studies have reported abnormal implicit learning of sequential patterns in patients with schizophrenia. Because these studies were based on visuospatial cues, the question remained whether patients were impaired simply due to the demands of spatial processing. This study examined implicit sequence learning in 24 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls using a non-spatial variation of the serial reaction time test (SRT) in which pattern stimuli alternated with random stimuli on every other trial. Both groups showed learning by responding faster and more accurately to pattern trials than to random trials. Patients, however, showed a smaller magnitude of sequence learning. Both groups were unable to demonstrate explicit knowledge of the nature of the pattern, confirming that learning occurred without awareness. Clinical variables were not correlated with the patients' learning deficits. Patients with schizophrenia have a decreased ability to develop sensitivity to regularly occurring sequences of events within their environment. This type of deficit may affect an array of cognitive and motor functions that rely on the perception of event regularity. (JINS, 2005, 11, 659–667.)
GABA content and GAD activity in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND Several recent reports have suggested a connection between the GABA-ergic system and neoplastic processes. It has been confirmed that both GABA content and GAD activity, are increased in neoplastic tissues in colon and breast cancer. In the light of the theory of dynamic balance between stimulating and inhibitory amino acids, disturbances in GABA metabolism may be an expression of the cell's defensive response to the neoplastic process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate GABA content and GAD activity in the tissue from gastric cancer and in the macroscopically unchanged wall of the stomach. MATERIAL AND METHODS GABA content and GAD activity were evaluated in tissue material obtained from 34 patients operated for gastric cancer. GABA and GAD levels were determined in neoplastic tissue and surrounding unchanged tissue by spectrofluorometric method. RESULTS The investigations revealed that the GABA content and GAD activity were significantly higher in the neoplastic tissue in comparison to the unchanged tissue of the stomach. CONCLUSION The results obtained, together with reports from the literature, suggest the possibility of introducing GABA-ergic system agonists into adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer.
Is the Prevalence of HIV-Associated Nephropathy Decreasing?

Initial reports have suggested that approximately 10% of patients with HIV-infection develop HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). It has also been predicted that by the end of the decade, HIVAN is likely to become a third leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in African-Americans between the ages of 20–64 years. As the morbidity and mortality from HIV-infection has decreased in the last few years, it is possible that prevalence of HIVAN is also changing. We therefore screened HIV-1-infected patients followed in our hospital for HIVAN. A screening urinalysis was performed in 557 HIV-1-infected adult patients between March and May 1998. Of these, 252 were outpatients and 305 were Texas Department of Criminal Justice inmates (TDCJI). Demographic and laboratory data of these patients was obtained from the HIV patients’ database. Fifty percent of the patients were African-American, 36.6% were Caucasian and 12.7% were Hispanic. The mean age of patients was 37 ± 8 years. Seventy-nine percent of the patients were males and a history of intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) was present in 28%. Twenty-three percent of the patients were concomitantly infected with hepatitis C virus, 4.1% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, and rapid plasma reagin test for syphilis was positive in 9.1%. In 38 patients who had more than 100 mg/dl (2+) proteins on screening urinalysis, total urinary proteins were quantitated by collecting 24 h urine specimens. Fifteen of these patients had urinary proteins more than 1.5 g/day (12 patients >3.5 g/24 h and 3 patients >1.5 g/24 h). A renal biopsy was done in 14 of these patients and clinical diagnosis of HIVAN was made in one patient who refused biopsy. Renal biopsies revealed HIVAN [9], diabetic nephropathy [2], membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis [2], Fibrillary glomerulonephritis [1]. All 10 patients (5 TDCJI and 5 outpatients) with HIVAN were African-American. Two of these 10 patients had a history of IVDA and another two were concomitantly infected with hepatitis C virus. The plasma viral load (Pvl) and total CD4 count was not different in patients with or without HIVAN [(Pvl log 10.05 ± 1.39 vs. 9.9 ± 2.18 copies/ml, p = 0.78) (CD4: 187 ± 192 vs. 288 ± 249 cells/μl, p = 1.17) mean ± SD]. We conclude that in our HIV-infected population HIVAN exclusively affected African-Americans and the prevalence in them was 3.5%.
Controlled Hypotensive Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Nasal Surgery

Background: The nasal surgery in pediatric patient’s caries a major challenge to both anesthesiologist and surgeon. The surgeon faces small nostrils and narrow nasal passages. The anesthesiologist has to produce condition which facilitate the surgery, decrease the operative time by minimize the intraoperative bleeding to allow better visualization this can be achieved by controlled hypotensive anesthesia which is the key issue in the success of nasal surgery in pediatric age group. Patient and methods: Seventy pediatric patients aged 8-12 years scheduled for elective nasal surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were classified into two equal groups (35 patients per group) according to study drugs used. Group (D): The patients in this group received dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg as loading dose over 10 minutes followed by 0.2-0.5 μg/kg/h as maintenance infusion after induction of anesthesia but before surgery. Group (E): The patients in this group received esmolol 0.5 mg/kg as loading dose over 10 minutes followed by 100-300 μg/kg/min as maintenance infusion after induction of anesthesia but before surgery. Measurements: Heart rate, Mean Arterial blood Pressure, Quality of surgical field, duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea, serum creatinine, adverse events and postoperative analgesia. Results: There were no significant differences between groups as regards to demographic data, duration of surgery, and duration of anesthesia. The MABP and HR were significantly decreased after infusion of study drugs till the end of surgery with no differences between both groups in all times of measurements. The quality of surgical field was comparable between both groups in all times of measurements. There were no changes in blood urea, serum creatinine, AST, and ALT. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that both dexmedetomidine and esmolol are safe and effective agents for inducing controlled hypotension in pediatric patients undergoing nasal surgery with no reported complications.
Push-out strength of modified Portland cements and resins.

PURPOSE Modified calcium-silicate cements derived from white Portland cement (PC) were formulated to test their push-out strength from radicular dentin after immersion for 1 month. METHODS Slabs obtained from 42 single-rooted extracted teeth were prepared with 0.6 mm diameter holes, then enlarged with rotary instruments. After immersion in EDTA and NaOC1, the holes were filled with modified PCs or ProRoot MTA, Vitrebond and Clearfil SE. Different concentrations of phyllosilicate (montmorillonite-MMT) were added to experimental cements. ProRoot MTA was also included as reference material. Vitrebond and Clearfil SE were included as controls. Each group was tested after 1 month of immersion in water or PBS. A thin-slice push-out test on a universal testing machine served to test the push-out strength of materials. Results were statistically analyzed using the least squares means (LSM) method. RESULTS The modified PCs had push-out strengths of 3-9.5 MPa after 1 month of immersion in water, while ProRoot MTA had 4.8 MPa. The push-out strength of PC fell after incubation in PBS for 1 month, while the push-out strength of ProRoot MTA increased. There were no significant changes in Clearfil SE Bond or Vitrebond after water or PBS storage.
Turbulence modification and heat transfer enhancement by inertial particles in turbulent channel flow

We present results of direct numerical simulation of turbulence modification and heat transfer in turbulent particle-laden channel flow and show an enhancement of the heat transfer and a small increase in the friction velocity when heavy inertial particles with high specific heat capacity are added to the flow. The simulations employ a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian computational model in which the momentum and energy transfer between the discrete particles and the continuous fluid phase are fully taken into account. The effect of turbophoresis, resulting in an increased particle concentration near a solid wall due to the inhomogeneity of the wall-normal velocity fluctuations, is shown to be responsible for an increase in heat transfer. As a result of turbophoresis, the effective macroscopic transport properties in the region near the walls differ from those in the bulk of the flow. To support the turbophoresis interpretation of the enhanced heat transfer, results of simulations employing no particle-fluid coupling and simulations with two-way coupling at considerably lower specific heat, or considerably lower particle concentration are also included. The combination of these simulations allows distinguishing contributions to the Nusselt number due to mean flow, turbulent fluctuations and explicit particle effects. We observe an increase in Nusselt number by more than a factor of two for heavy inertial particles, which is the net result of a decrease in heat transfer by turbulent velocity fluctuations and a much larger increase in heat transfer stemming from the mean temperature difference between the fluid and the particles close to the walls.