Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinking life is not worth living. A population survey of Great Britain.

BACKGROUND "Saving lives: our healthier nation" includes a target to reduce the death rate from suicide. Thoughts of suicide and feeling life is not worth living might be the first step in a pathway that can end in completed suicide. This study aims to identify factors associated with feeling life is not worth living amongst the household population of Great Britain, and to assess the strength of these associations after taking account of an individual's level of psychiatric morbidity. METHODS The 1993 OPCS National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys of Great Britain assessed psychiatric morbidity using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule amongst a stratified, clustered probability sample of 9830 subjects representative of the British private household population aged 16-64. RESULTS Of the sample 0.8 % (95 % CI 0.6 %-1 %) had thoughts of suicide in the week before interview and 3.1 % (95 % CI 2.7 %-3.5 %) reported thoughts of life not worth living in the week before interview. Psychiatric morbidity was most strongly associated with such thoughts. Ethnicity, marital status and low social support were strongly associated with such thoughts after adjusting for age, sex and psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Reducing psychiatric morbidity in the population as a whole might also decrease the frequency of suicidal thoughts. Policies which improve social support at a population level might also have a large impact on prevalence of suicidal thoughts.
Role of hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts in folding of the second β‐hairpin fragment of protein G: Molecular dynamics simulation studies of an all‐atom model

Predicting the folding mechanism of the second β‐hairpin fragment of the Ig‐binding domain B of streptococcal protein G is unexpectedly challenging for simplified reduced models because the models developed so far indicated a different folding mechanism from what was suggested from high‐temperature unfolding and equilibrium free‐energy surface analysis based on established all‐atom empirical force fields in explicit or implicit solvent. This happened despite the use of empirical residue‐based interactions, multibody hydrophobic interactions, and inclusions of hydrogen bonding effects in the simplified models. This article employs a recently developed all‐atom (except nonpolar hydrogens) model interacting with simple square‐well potentials to fold the peptide fragment by molecular dynamics simulation methods. In this study, 193 out of 200 trajectories are folded at two reduced temperatures (3.5 and 3.7) close to the transition temperature T* ∼ 4.0. Each simulation takes <7 h of CPU time on a Pentium 800‐MHz PC. Folding of the new all‐atom model is found to be initiated by collapse before the formation of main‐chain hydrogen bonds. This verifies the mechanism proposed from previous all‐atom unfolding and equilibrium simulations. The new model further predicts that the collapse is initiated by two nucleation contacts (a hydrophilic contact between D46 and T49 and a hydrophobic contact between Y45 and F52), in agreement with recent NMR measurements. The results suggest that atomic packing and native contact interactions play a dominant role in folding mechanism. Proteins 2002;47:154–162. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of online corporate reporting in three Latin American markets: The role of web presence development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of online corporate reporting in three Latin American emerging markets, Argentina, Mexico and Chile, providing further evidence to test the mediation role of web presence development in the relationship between these determinants and e-disclosure. Web presence development measures the firm's efforts to archive web visibility, web usability and convenience. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a content analysis of corporate web sites, the extent of the information is measured by three internet disclosure indexes. Four constructs which are considered key drivers of a firm's disclosure strategy are identified. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess the research model. The sample contains publicly available data on listed companies’ web sites. Findings – The results reveal that the development of a firm's presence on the internet is as important as its characteristics in determining corporate transparency and in mediating th.
Synergistic Antithrombotic Properties of G4120, a RGD-Containing Synthetic Peptide, and Argatroban, a Synthetic Thrombin Inhibitor, in a Hamster Femoral Vein Platelet-Rich Thrombosis Model

Summary The synergistic antithrombotic properties of G4120, a synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) containing peptide which strongly inhibits platelet aggregation, and of Argatroban, a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, were examined in a reproducible quantitative hamster femoral vein platelet-rich mural thrombosis model. Bolus injections of G4120 and Argatroban inhibit thrombus formation in a dose-dependent way; 50% inhibition (ID50) is obtained with 11 µg/kg G4120 and with 2 mg/kg Argatroban. Combined bolus injections of 3 µg/kg G4120 with 0.5, 0.75 or 1 mg/kg Argatroban and of 1 mg/kg Argatroban with 1.5 or 3 µg/kg G4120 caused linear dose-dependent inhibition of thrombus formation, whereas 3 µg/kg G4120 or 1 mg/kg Argatroban alone had very little effect (<20% inhibition). ID50 was obtained with the combination of 3 µg/kg G4120 and 0.5 mg/kg Argatroban, corresponding to an equi-effective fractional combination of 0.62 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.50 to 0.74. Alternatively the ID50 was obtained with the combination of 1 mg/kg Argatroban and 1.3 µg/kg G4120, corresponding to an equi-effective fractional combination of 0.52 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.18 to 0.86. In both instances these results are indicative of a significant synergistic interaction. Bolus injection of 10 mg/kg aspirin, 100 U/kg heparin or the combination did not inhibit thrombus formation. The synergistic effect of the combination of platelet inhibiting RGD-peptides and synthetic thrombin inhibitors could be useful in the prevention of arterial occlusion with platelet-rich thrombus in patients with ischemic heart disease following thrombolytic therapy or angioplasty, although this combination is not expected to reverse platelet thrombus formation.
The characteristics of the chosen mycotoxins and their toxic influence on the human and animal metabolism

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi belonging mainly to the Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera. They can be formed in various agricultural produce in specific conditions. These natural and zootoxic chemical compounds cause an array of diseases in people and animals, i.e., mycotoxicoses. Depending on the type and dose, mycotoxins may cause liver, kidney, and lung cancers, as well as damage to the immune system, pathological changes in the nervous system, and reproduction disorders. Many mycotoxins disrupt digestion process, cause vomiting, nausea, anorexia, skin irritation and dermatitis, and even haemorrhages. A significant threat to the health of animals and people can be observed in the case of major infestation of crop ears from which foodstuff or feed are then produced. The ear infestation is facilitated by a suitable humidity and temperature during the growing season or while harvesting and storing the agricultural produce, which enhances the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Suitable agricultural treatment, crop rotation, proper storing of crops in the conditions of limited humidity after the harvest as well as regular chemical analyses of the content of mycotoxins minimize their consumption and, accordingly, decrease the threat caused by these substances to the human and animal health.
Cryoanalgesia in Interventional Pain Management A Focused Review

From The Pain Center, Orange Park, Florida . Address Correspondence: Andrea M. Trescot, MD, The Pain Center, 1564 Kingsley Ave, Orange Park, FL 32073. E-mail: amt57@aol.com Funding: There was no external funding in preparation of this manuscript. Cryoneuroablation, also known as cryoanalgesia or cryoneurolysis, is a specialized technique for providing long-term pain relief in interventional pain management settings. Modern cryoanalgesia traces its roots to Cooper et al who developed in 1961, a device that used liquid nitrogen in a hollow tube that was insulated at the tip and achieved a temperature of 190° C. Lloyd et al proposed that cryoanalgesia was superior to other methods of peripheral nerve destruction, including alcohol neurolysis, phenol neurolysis, or surgical lesions. The application of cold to tissues creates a conduction block, similar to the effect of local anesthetics. Long-term pain relief from nerve freezing occurs because ice crystals create vascular damage to the vasonervorum, which produces severe endoneural edema. Cryoanalgesia disrupts the nerve structure and creates wallerian degeneration, but leaves the myelin sheath and endoneurium intact. Clinical applications of cryoanalgesia extend from its use in craniofacial pain secondary to trigeminal neuralgia, posterior auricular neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia; chest wall pain with multiple conditions including post-thoracotomy neuromas, persistent pain after rib fractures, and post herpetic neuralgia in thoracic distribution; abdominal and pelvic pain secondary to ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, subgastric neuralgia; pudendal neuralgia; low back pain and lower extremity pain secondary to lumbar facet joint pathology, pseudosciatica, pain involving intraspinous ligament or supragluteal nerve, sacroiliac joint pain, cluneal neuralgia, obturator neuritis, and various types of peripheral neuropathy; and upper extremity pain secondary to suprascapular neuritis and other conditions of peripheral neuritis. This review describes historical concepts, physics and equipment, various clinical aspects, along with technical features, indications and contraindications, with clinical description of multiple conditions amenable to cryoanalgesia in interventional pain management settings.
Long Term Sex‐Dependent Psychoneuroendocrine Effects of Maternal Deprivation and Juvenile Unpredictable Stress in Rats

We have analysed the long‐term psychoneuroendocrine effects of maternal deprivation (MD) [24 h at postnatal day (PND) 9] and/or exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) during the periadolescent period (PND 28 to PND 43) in male and female Wistar rats. Animals were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM, anxiety) at PND 44 and in two memory tests, spontaneous alternation and novel object recognition (NOT) in adulthood. The expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors, as well as of synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, was analysed by in situ hybridisation in selected hippocampal regions. Endocrine determinations of leptin, testosterone and oestradiol plasma levels were carried out by radioimmunoassay. Young CUS animals showed decreased anxiety behaviour in the EPM (increased percentage of time and entries in the open arms) irrespective of neonatal treatment. Memory impairments were induced by the two stressful treatments as was revealed by the NOT, with males being most clearly affected. Although each stressful procedure, when considered separately, induced different (always decrements) effects on the three synaptic molecules analysed and affected males and females differently, the combination of MD and CUS induced an unique disruptive effect on the three synaptic plasticity players. MD induced a long‐term significant decrease in hippocampal GR only in males, whereas CUS tended to increase MR in males and decrease MR in females. Both neonatal MD and periadolescent CUS induced marked reductions in testosterone and oestradiol in males, whereas MD male animals also showed significantly decreased leptin levels. By contrast, in females, none of the hormones analysed was altered by any of the stressful procedures. Taking our data together in support of the ‘two‐hit’ hypothesis, MD during neonatal life and/or exposure to CUS during the periadolescent period induced a permanent deficit in memory, which was accompanied by a decrement in markers for hippocampal plasticity. The long‐term effects on body weight and hormone levels, particularly among males, might reflect sex‐dependent lasting metabolic alterations as well as an impaired reproductive function.
Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding a novel beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans.

: A novel beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene was cloned from Bacillus circulans ATCC 31382. The coding region was 1,758 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 586 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 66,888. Active staining for beta-gal showed that B. circulans ATCC 31382 produced three beta-gal isozymes. Two of these were detected in Biolacta N5 (Daiwakasei Co.), but the product of this novel gene corresponded to the one not contained in Biolacta N5. The novel beta-gal showed the highest amino acid sequence identity (43.3%) with a beta 1-->3 > 1-->4 galactosidase from Xanthomonas manihotis and was also highly similar to beta-gals from animals, plants, and fungi. This suggests an evolutionary relationship between this novel gene and those of eukaryotic origins. One of the two B. circulans beta-gals, the nucleotide sequences of which are available in the GenBank, was 20% identical to the novel beta-gal. Other bacterial beta-gals showed little or no similarity. We propose that this novel beta-gal be called B. circulans beta-gal-3, and the gene be called bgaC.
A positive-definite form of bounce-averaged quasilinear velocity diffusion for the parallel inhomogeneity in a tokamak

In this paper, the analytical form of the quasilinear diffusion coefficients is modified from the Kennel–Engelmann diffusion coefficients to guarantee the positive definiteness of its bounce average in a toroidal geometry. By evaluating the parallel inhomogeneity of plasmas and magnetic fields in the trajectory integral, we can ensure the positive definiteness and help illuminate some non-resonant toroidal effects in the quasilinear diffusion. When the correlation length of the plasma-wave interaction is comparable to the magnetic field variation length, the variation becomes important and the parabolic variation at the outer-midplane, the inner-midplane, and trapping tips can be evaluated by Airy functions. The new form allows the coefficients to include both resonant and non-resonant contributions, and the correlations between the consecutive resonances and in many poloidal periods. The positive-definite form is implemented in a wave code TORIC and we present an example for ITER using this form.
Early Predictors of ADHD: Evidence from a Prospective Birth Cohort

Objective: To identify preschool predictors of registered ADHD diagnoses and compare two ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R:S). Method: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) is a prospective population-based cohort study. The sample were singletons whose mothers responded to MoBa questionnaires at child age 3 years (n = 57,986) and 5 years (n = 32,377). ADHD diagnoses were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Register. Predictors were child gender, development and symptoms, and maternal ADHD symptoms. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: In all final models, ADHD symptoms at age 3 and 5 years predicted later ADHD: Age 3, CBCL: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.23 (CI [2.59, 4.02]); age 5, CBCL: HR = 10.30 (CI [7.44, 14.26]); and age 5 CPRS-R:S: HR = 5.92 (CI [4.95, 7.07]). Conclusion: The findings underline the importance of taking early parent-reported symptoms seriously. Both rating scales were useful for predicting ADHD.
Trust and online information-sharing in close relationships: a cross-cultural perspective

Culture has an essential influence on online trust building in close relationships. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of culture on interpersonal trust and online information-sharing in close relationships. A social dilemma game experiment was conducted by inviting close friend dyads from interdependent (that is, Chinese) or independent cultures (that is, German). Their trust and information-sharing performance in either online text chatting or face-to-face communication were examined. The results showed that in close relationships, Chinese participants had higher interpersonal trust and objective-sharing performance than German participants; Chinese trust and self-evaluated performance were not influenced by communication media; in comparison, German participants’ trust and self-evaluated performance significantly dropped online. The results confirmed that interdependent people are more relation-oriented in building their trust than independent people. Implications for online information-sharing management and the interface design were provided.
An MGF-derivative based unified analysis of incoherent diversity reception of M-ary orthogonal signals over fading channels

Exact error probability expressions for noncoherent M-ary frequency-shift-keying (MFSK) systems that employ postdetection equal-gain diversity over Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami-m channels are derived using a Laplace derivative formula. Both independent and generically correlated fading cases are considered. For independent fading, closed-form solutions are also derived for both Nakagami-q fading (either with identical or dissimilar fading statistics) and mixed fading cases. Previous results are shown to be specific instances of our general expressions. Additionally, a new concise, derivative formula is obtained for calculating the bit error rate of square-law detected multichannel binary differential phase-shift-keying (BDPSK) signals. All these expressions are applicable in many cases of practical interest and provide accurate predictions of the performance of both binary and M-ary orthogonal signalling over generalized fading channels (with arbitrary fading parameters). Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of the theory, including the investigation into optimal diversity order in energy-sharing communications, characterization of block orthogonal codes with soft-decision decoding (i.e., MFSK may also be viewed as a form of repetition coding) and analysis of MFSK with space (antenna) diversity.
An Application of Curriculum-Based Assessment: The Use of Direct and Repeated Measurement

A model of special education is presented in this article based on the use of a direct and repeated measurement and evaluation system for developing effective educational programs. The major premise in applying this system is the development of a continuous data base across all educational decisions, including initial problem selection, program planning, program implementation and evaluation, and program certification. To highlight the issues, two separate studies are included, presenting student outcome data at both the individual and system level, for academic and social behaviors.
Nucleolin enhances the proliferation and migration of heat‐denatured human dermal fibroblasts

Denatured dermis, a part of dermis in burned skin, has the ability to restore its normal morphology and functions after their surrounding microenvironment is improved. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the denatured dermis could improve wound healing are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of nucleolin during the recovery of heat‐denatured human dermal fibroblasts. Nucleolin mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased time‐dependently during the recovery of heat‐denatured human dermal fibroblasts (52 °C, 30 seconds). Heat‐denaturation promoted a time‐dependent cell proliferation, migration, chemotaxis, and scratched wound healing during the recovery of human dermal fibroblasts. These effects were prevented by knockdown of nucleolin expression with small interference RNA (siRNA), whereas overexpression of nucleolin enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis of human dermal fibroblasts with heat‐denaturation. In addition, the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta 1(TGF‐β1) was significantly increased during the recovery of heat‐denatured dermis and human dermal fibroblasts. TGF‐β1 expression was up‐regulated by nucleolin in human dermal fibroblasts. The results suggest that nucleolin expression is up‐regulated, and play an important role in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis of human dermal fibroblasts during the recovery of heat‐denatured dermis with a mechanism probably related to TGF‐β1.
How to optimize HCV therapy in genotype 1 patients: predictors of response

The advent of triple therapy (TT) with first‐generation protease inhibitors boceprevir (BOC) and telaprevir (TVR) in addition to pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG‐IFN/RBV) has resulted in a significant improvement in the sustained virological response (SVR) rate and potentially in life years gained compared to dual therapy (DT), when treating naïve or treatment‐experienced patients with genotype 1 (G1) chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This benefit is partly offset by the increased complexity of treatment, and the increased costs and risks of therapy, making it necessary to optimize the indications for TT. Naïve patients with mild fibrosis and the IL28B CC polymorphism and/or with a rapid virological response (RVR) to DT can still benefit from DT, while TT is preferable in all others. Phase 3 trials have clearly shown that a 1 log10 decrease in HCVRNA after 4 weeks of DT associated with a favourable IL28B genotype and a low stage of fibrosis, and a pattern of previous response to DT in treatment‐experienced patients are the strongest predictors of an SVR to TT. Moreover, an extended rapid virological response (eRVR) is associated with an SVR rate >90%, so that the overall duration of treatment can be shortened in a high proportion of patients. Further efforts to optimize the current TT regimens both by increasing efficacy and improving tolerance are still needed. Most important, in the future, treatment can probably be personalized based on data from post‐marketing surveillance of TT providing information about patient groups that were underrepresented in phase 3 studies such as those with cirrhosis.
Evaluating Sign Language Recognition Using the Myo Armband

The successful recognition of sign language gestures by computer systems would greatly improve communications between the deaf and the hearers. This work evaluates the usage of electromyogram (EMG) data provided by the Myo armband as features for classification of 20 stationary letter gestures from the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) alphabet. The classification was performed by binary Support Vector Machines (SVMs), trained with a one-vs-all strategy. The results obtained show that it is possible to identify the gestures, but substantial limitations were found that would need to be tackled by further studies.