Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Stress on Phytopigments of Zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.) Symbiotic with the Corals Acropora hyacinthus, Porites solida, and Favites complanata

The question of whether global warming affects phytopigments within Symbiodinium spp. of coral is central to understanding the process of coral bleaching. In this study, corals A cropora hyacinthus, Porites solida, and Favites complanata were exposed to elevated temperatures (28, 30, 32, and 34 o C) for 48 h and the responses of Symbiodinium chl a, chl c, total carotenoids, total phaeophytins, and fucoxanthins were examined. In A. hyacinthus , the phytopigment concentrations at 28 and 30 o C were significantly different from 32 and 34 o C, implying a step-function response initiated between 30 and 32 o C. In P. solida , all phytopigments varied significantly between the temperatures, except in the case of total carotenoids which had no significant response. In F. complanata , all phytopigments decreased linearly as temperature increased. Our results indicate that decreases in Symbiodinium phytopigments in response to heat stress may be a need to adapt while their host coral may already be adapted (or exapted).
Quantitation of Total Phenolic Contents of Bioactive Compounds Fractions Streptomyces species

Streptomyces species, KB1 and KB3, were isolated from air samples collected from Aonang, Krabi province, Southern Thailand. The strain KB3 was found to be an efficient pigment (dark brown) producer and has been selected for further studies. Both strains were used to study for antioxidant activity. The fraction extracts with ethyl acetate (EA), hexane (HE) and methanol (MT) possessed DPPH free radical scavenging activity, especially pigment extracted from KB3 with MT (KB3-MT). The results of antioxidantac tivity produced by the Streptomyces species clearly indicated that the actinomycetes are source of bioactive
Effect of Substituting Commercial Feed with Mulberry Leaf Meal on Performance of Broiler Chickens

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting commercial broiler feed with mulberry leaf meal on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. One hundred forty four Cobb 500 broiler breed chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments in completely randomized design. Treatment diets were prepared by substituting 7.5, 15 and 22.5% of commercial broiler feed with mulberry leaf meal during the starter, grower and finisher phases. The average feed intake of broilers was affected (P<0.0001) by treatment diets where substitution of mulberry leaf meal at 7.5% and above had decreased the feed intake. Analysis of variance revealed higher (P<0.0001) weight gain in control group (M0) as compared to the other treatments. Inclusion of mulberry leaf meal up to 15% has no adverse effect on the survival rate. This study has showed that mulberry leaf meal substitution at 7.5% and more seems to have good effect on broilers carcass quality and reduction of abdominal fat that can positively affect consumers’ desire. Keywords : Feed intake, Feed conversion ratio, Mortality, Weight gain
The effect of grain processing and grain source on performance, rumen fermentation and selected blood metabolites of Holstein calves

Physical and metabolic development of the reticulorumen is important for both easing the transition from pre-ruminant to mature ruminant state and improving calf health (Khan et al., 2011). The preweaning growth of calves is a complex process involving interactions among nutritional components and physiological signals, which mostly depend on feeding management (Baldwin et al., 2004). Cereal grains are the primary source of starch in ruminant diets. Maize grain is more slowly fermented than barley and slower rates of digestion increase the amount of starch bypassing the rumen (Khan et al., 2007). ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of type of grain processing and grain source on growth performance of calves. Thirty-two male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments differing in type of grain processing and grain source: CON – ground maize + ground barley, DMGB – dry-rolled maize + ground barley, GMDB – ground maize + dry-rolled barley, and DMDB – dry-rolled maize + dry-rolled barley. All calves were fed for 14 days (starting from day 4 of experiment) and weaned on 60 day of age and remained in the study until day 74. It was obtained that final and weaning body weights were higher in DMGB and DMDB groups in comparison to CON group. The total dry matter intake was greater in calves fed DMGB diet than in those fed CON diet. Averaged daily gain (ADG) was greater in calves fed DMDB diet than in those fed CON diet during the pre-weaning and overall periods, whereas during post-weaning period the ADG was greater in DMGB group in comparison to CON treatment. Ruminal pH was greater in DMGB and DMDB groups as compared to other groups on days 46 and 60, while ruminal NH3-N content was decreased in DMGB and GMDB groups. On day 46 glucose level was decreased in blood of animals fed all examined treatments. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate level was greater ( = 0.01) in group fed DMGB diet in comparison to CON and GMDB groups at weaning. In conclusion, starter diets containing dry-rolling maize and barley can better improve calf performance than diets containing ground maize/ ground barley. Received: 29 September 2015 Revised: 17 May 2016 Accepted: 26 August 2016
Doctoral Students ’ Conceptions of Research Rod Pitcher

In this paper I report a study of the conceptions of research held by a sample of doctoral students at an Australian research-intensive university. I take a unique approach by using metaphor analysis to study the students' conceptions. The students in this study were recruited for an on-line survey in which they answered questions relating to their conceptions of research. I arrived at four categories that I have labelled research is explorative, research is constructive, research is spatial, and research is organic.
The cost of default: growth and o¢ cial vs. private restructurings

This paper studies the relationship between debt default and short term GDP growth taking into account the depth of a debt restructuring. More speci…cally, creditors’losses (or haircuts) are used as proxies of the severity of the default episoded. Analyzing 89 defaults in 72 countries over the period 1979-2005, consistently with previous results in this literature, we …nd that defaults are correlated with signi…cant contraction of short-term output growth. Moreover, controlling for the severity of the default through the haircut’s size, we …nd that the severity of the default is indeed correlated with a further contraction in output one year after the default and with a positive increase in output three years after the default. Therefore, the use of a variable which is taken as a proxy of the severity of the default episode allows us to detect a more lasting (and eventually positive) link between debt default and growth.
The Dividend-Price Ratio and Expectations of Future Dividends and Discount Factors

A linearization of a rational expectations present value model for corporate stock prices produces a simple relation between the log dividend-price ratio and mathematical expectations of future log real dividend changes and future real discount rates. This relation can be tested using vector autoregressive methods. Three versions of the linearized model, differing in the measure of discount rates, are tested for U. S. time series 1871-1986: versions using real interest rate data, aggregate real consumption data, and return variance data. The results yield a metric to judge the relative importance of real dividend growth, measured real discount rates and unexplained factors in determining the dividend-price ratio.
Müzik Öğretmeni Adaylarinin Akademik Öz Yeterlikleriyle Öğretmenlik Öz Yeterlikleri Arasindaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi An Analysis of the Relationship between Academic Self-efficacy and Teaching Self-efficacy of Pre-service Music Teachers

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between the academic self-efficacy and teaching self-efficacy levels of pre-service music teachers. For this purpose, the data was collected from 493 preservice music teachers attending the music education departments of the Faculty of Art Education in six different universities in Turkey. The participants of the study include 280 (57%) female and 213 (43%) male pre-service music teachers. The age of the students varies from18 to 26. Findings show that academic self-efficacy levels of pre-service music teachers differentiate according to gender, class level, academic grades and their mothers’ education level. As for the teaching self-efficacy beliefs, there is a significant difference according to the preservice teachers’ mothers’ education level. Teaching self-efficacy level and academic self-efficacy level of preservice music teachers significantly relate to each other in a positive way. The findings were discussed.
EFFICIENT SCREENING PROCEDURE FOR BLACK SIGATOKA DISEASE OF BANANA

Current methods for screening for reaction of Mycosphaerella fijiensis are mostly field based and subject to variability caused by weather conditions. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient screening procedure for black sigatoka disease in order to provide a reliable controlled environment screening method. A fragmented mycelia-based infection system was developed using weighed mycelia suspensions, in 0.18% water agar. Consistent and repeatable black sigatoka infection was achieved in cv. Gross Michel as a reference susceptible cultivar. The infection system developed was used to validate screenhouse reaction of banana genotypes to M. fijiensis . Three East African highland genotypes (AAA-EA), one plantain genotype (ABB), two dessert (AAB and AAA) and one hybrid genotype (AAAA) were tested. Inoculum of M. fijiensis was adjusted to 15 mg ml -1 fragmented mycelium and applied to the abaxial surfaces of the first two open leaves. Plants were evaluated for 6 weeks post inoculation (PI). Significant differences in the response of the different genotypes, to M. fijiensis infection were observed at 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks PI. All East African highland and dessert genotypes were susceptible. M9 hybrid and Psang awak (ABB) expressed resistance, characterised by high disease incubation period and slow rate of symptom development, with Psanag awak being the most resistant. Artificial inoculation of in vitro plants with weighed fragmented mycelial suspension, was practicable for determining resistance to M. fijiensis . This is the first report demonstrating that use of weighed fragmented mycelial inoculum spread over the entire leaf surface, can be used to quantitatively assess reaction of banana genotypes to M. fijiensis under screenhouse conditions. Keywords: Ascomycete, Black leaf streak, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Musa sp.
Links between satellite-retrieved aerosol and precipitation

Abstract. Many theories have been proposed detailing how aerosols might impact precipitation, predicting both increases and decreases depending on the prevailing meteorological conditions and aerosol type. In convective clouds, increased aerosol concentrations have been speculated to invigorate convective activity. Previous studies have shown large increases in precipitation with increasing aerosol optical depth, concluding an aerosol effect on precipitation. Our analysis reveals that these studies may have been influenced by cloud effects on the retrieved aerosol, as well as by meteorological covariations. We use a regime-based approach to separate out different cloud regimes, allowing for the study of aerosol–cloud interactions in individual cloud regimes. We account for the influence of cloud properties on the aerosol retrieval and make use of the diurnal sampling of the TRMM satellite and the TRMM merged precipitation product to investigate the precipitation development. We find that whilst there is little effect on precipitation at the time of the aerosol retrieval, in the 6 h after the aerosol retrieval, there is an increase in precipitation from cloud in high-aerosol environments, consistent with the invigoration hypothesis. Increases in lightning flash count with increased aerosol are also observed in this period. The invigoration effect appears to be dependent on the cloud-top temperature, with clouds with tops colder than 0 °C showing increases in precipitation at times after the retrieval, as well as increases in wet scavenging. Warm clouds show little change in precipitation development with increasing aerosol, suggesting ice processes are important for the invigoration of precipitation.
MODELLING BRANCH DEVELOPMENT FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT

The locations and dimensions of branches encased within a tree-stem influence the appearance, strength, and ultimately the end-use of timber. A model which predicts branch development through time would enable the New Zealand forest industry to obtain better estimates of log and timber grades at time of harvest from inventory information collected at any time during the rotation. Choosing the appropriate level of detail with which to model branch development for forest management requires a compromise between understanding growth processes, data collection costs, model accuracy and precision, and suitability for use by forest management. The approach chosen was to model the occurrence of branch clusters within annual shoots on Pinus radiata D. Don, and to model the diameter growth of branches at the point of attachment to the tree stem. This approach has several major advantages. It is based on an understanding of branch morphology and basic growth processes. It allows the utilisation of existing models of annual height development, stem taper, and growth which are based on extensive field measurements. We believe that the model structure is cost-efficient in terms of the data requirements. The increased costs of data collection to develop a more detailed model of the full extent of the crown would not be matched by a similar increase in worth to the forest industry.
Relationships Between the Community of Soil Nematodes and the Microbial Biomass in the Root Zone of Citrus

Summary - Freitas, V.M. , M.L. G. Ramos, J.E. Cares, A.S. Costa & S.P. Huang. Relationships between thecommunity of soil nematodes and the microbial biomass in the root zone of citrus.The nematode community and its relationship with microbial biomass was evaluated in the root zone ofcitrus in seven equidistant soil cores in a diagonal projection from one plant trunk to the mid point betweenrows. Soil samples were collected at two soil depths (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) in the dry and in the rainyseasons. There was no statistical difference among soil cores with respect to microbial biomass carbon (MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), basal respiration (BR) and total soil nitrogen (TN). While BR and TNwere higher during the dry season, MBC and MBN were higher during the rainy period. For all the analyses,values were higher in the 0-10 cm layer of the soil profile. Generally, the microbial biomass correlated negativelywith plant parasitic nematodes and positively with omnivores and predators. BR and TN correlated negativelywith plant parasites and positively with predators, omnivores, bacterial feeders and fungal feeder nematodes.These data indicate that nematodes and microbial biomass are suitable indicators of soil quality.
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Genetic changes conferring adaptation to a new environment may induce a fitness cost in the previous environment. Although this prediction has been verified in laboratory conditions, few studies have tried to document this cost directly in natural populations. Here, we evaluated the pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance on putative fitness components of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Experiments using different larval densities were performed during the summer in two natural breeding sites. Two loci that possess alleles conferring organophosphate (OP) resistance were considered: ace-1 coding for an acetylcholinesterase (AChE1, the OP target) and Ester, a ‘‘super locus’’ including two closely linked loci coding for esterases A and B. Resistance ace-1 alleles coding for a modified AChE1 were associated with a longer development time and shorter wing length. The pleiotropic effects of two resistance alleles Ester1 and Ester4 coding for the overproduced esterases A1 and A4-B4, respectively, were more variable. Both A1 and A4-B4 reduced wing length, although only A1 was associated with a longer preimaginal stage. The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of the wing did not respond to the presence or to the interaction of resistance alleles at the two loci at any of the density levels tested. Conversely, the FA of one wing section decreased when larval density increased. This may be the consequence of selection against less developmentally stable individuals. The results are discussed in relation to the local evolution of insecticide resistance genes.
Evaluation of Different Planting Beds Effects on Mini-Tuber Production of Potato Cultivars under Greenhouse Condition

4 Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the different planting beds effects on mini-tuber production of potato cultivars during 2010 and 2011. Seedlings of Agria, Savalan, Caesar and Satina cultivars were raised by using single node cuttings under optimum light intensity and temperature for two months. Then, these seedlings propagated by single node cuttings. Experiment design was factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications with two factors, that, first factor included four levels of planting beds (Clasman, Mikskaar, Biolan and Soil) and second factor included four potato cultivars (Agria, Savalan, Caesar and Satina). Analysis of variance the studied parameters measurement showed that between planting beds, cultivars and their interaction as traits mini-tuber numbers and weight per square meter, mini-tuber size average, mini-tuber numbers and weight smaller than 3 g, between 3-7 g and bigger than 7 g had significantly different. Maximum mini-tuber number and weight per square meter, and mini-tuber number and weight between 3-7 g depended to Mikskaar planting bed in Savalan cultivar. In this research, planting bed of Mikskaar in Savalan cultivar increased mini-tuber numbers per square meter by 1033 numbers.
Web Server Performance with Cubic and Compound TCP

TCP congestion control mechanisms are used to prevent traffic volume from exceeding network resource limits. Consequently, they indirectly impact the performance of Web servers in a congested network. Systems running under Windows and Linux, including Web servers, use respectively the Compound and Cubic TCP congestion control variants that are designed for high-speed longdelay networks. We evaluate the performance under congestion of the popular Windows-based IIS and Linuxbased Apache Web servers when serving a single request from a browser. Specifically, we conduct experiments in a real test network with several routers to compare delay, throughput and shared bandwidth percentage when the Web server is subjected to various workloads under different levels of background network traffic. We find that IIS with Compound TCP has performance advantages over Apache with Cubic TCP when the two servers compete for bandwidth, but Apache has smaller delays than IIS for large and medium-sized files.
Morphology of fetal liver under the influence of silver and gold citrates on a background of lead intoxication in rats

Background: Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to lead exposure. A range of trace elements are known, which are natural bioantagonists of lead. However, liver organogenesis under combined influence of silver and gold citrates on a background of lead intoxication isn’t studied enough. Methods: the aim of present study was to identify morphological state of fetal liver under combined influence of silver, gold and lead acetate. Results: combined influence of silver citrate and lead acetate causes improvement in fetal liver weight, the relative area of the vessels was reduced, number of hematopoietic cells decreased and number of hepatocytes increased. Conclusions: morphological condition of fetal liver was improved by silver citrate on a background of lead intoxication; oxidative stress was decreased; processes of maturation and differentiation of liver cells were improved.
Magnetism and structural ordering on a bcc lattice for highly magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys: A coherent potential approximation study

We calculate the electronic structure, magnetic moments, and ordering energies of highly magnetostrictive Fe1−xGax alloys from first-principles in the composition range up to x=0.25. The coherent potential approximation was used to treat effects of chemical disorder. Given an underlying bcc lattice in whole range compositions investigated, the DO3 type of ordering is found to have a lower energy than A2- and B2-type structures. We find that ordering energies strongly depend on the state of magnetic order such that thermal magnetic disorder strongly favors chemical ordering (DO3 and B2). The values of the magnetic moments of Fe on different sublattices of ordered structures are found to have a distinctive dependency on the Ga concentration. By taking into account the results of earlier fully relativistic and full potential calculations of magnetostriction for ordered stoichiometric Fe3Ga compounds and available experimental phenomenology, our results for disordered alloys suggest an eventually more complex.
Etude et réalisation d'une tête de réception hétérodyne en ondes submillimétriques pour l'étude des atmosphères et surfaces de planètes

L'objectif de l'instrument heterodyne MAMBO (Mars Atmosphere Microwave Brightness Observer) est d'etudier et de cartographier l'atmosphere et la surface de la planete Mars, a partir d'observations radiometriques dans le domaine submillimetrique, couvrant la bande de frequence 320-350 GHz. Prevu initialement pour etre embarque sur la mission Mars Premier Orbiter du CNES en 2007, la definition de l'instrument ainsi que les caracteristiques de la tete de reception heterodyne sont presentees en premiere partie. Le theme principal de la these concerne l'etude et la realisation d'un melangeur subharmonique a diodes Schottky planaires, constitutif de la tete de reception heterodyne de l'instrument. Un modele numerique du melangeur a ete concu en couplant des simulations electromagnetiques tridimensionnelles et des simulations de circuits non-lineaires. Cette methode de simulation a permis d'optimiser les structures guidantes et le circuit du melangeur pour elargir au maximum la bande de frequence instantanee, et reduire la puissance d'Oscillateur Local (OL) necessaire au fonctionnement optimal de la paire de diodes. Les performances mesurees du prototype realise sont en accord etroit avec les resultats de simulations, avec une sensibilite a l'etat-de-l'art dans une bande de fonctionnement entre 300 et 360 GHz, et une puissance d'OL comprise entre 2,5 mW et 4 mW. La derniere partie de la these est consacree a l'etude des proprietes dielectriques de plusieurs echantillons de mineraux, roches et sables dans le domaine millimetrique (jusqu'a 170 GHz), dans le cadre scientifique de la cartographie de la surface de Mars par l'instrument MAMBO. Des mesures de la permittivite de ces materiaux par analyse vectorielle, et des mesures radiometriques faites en collaboration avec l'IAP (Institut de Physique Appliquee) de Berne (Suisse) sont presentees. L'objectif est de mettre en avant les differences d'emissivite des roches carbonatees par rapport a des roches riches en silicates. Ce travail de these est egalement preparatoire aux futurs instruments radiometriques embarques, pour l'observation de la terre aux longueurs d'onde submillimetriques. Dans cette perspective, le developpement de recepteurs heterodynes integrant dans une meme mecanique plusieurs elements de melange et de multiplication en frequence permettra des avancees technologiques dans le domaine de l'imagerie Terahertz.