Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat, pH and coating process with stearic acid using a fluidized bed granulator on viability of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri C 10

This study was conducted to investigate the use of a fluidized bed granulator to coat a probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri C 10 with stearic acid with a view to enhance its survival rate during storage. L reuteri C 10 cells of two treatments, namely, freeze-dried cells incorporated with trehalose and sucrose as cryoprotectants prior to freeze-drying, and freeze-dried cells without any incorporation of cryoprotectants were evaluated. Since the pH of stearic acid is 5.5 and the melting point is 57.23°C, and the inlet temperature of the fluidized bed granulator could be as high as 70°C, a preliminary study was initiated to determine the tolerance of L. reuteri C 10 cells to heat exposure from 58 to 70°C and acidic conditions of pH 4 to 6 for 60 min, during which the cell viabilities were determined every 15 min. In the coating process, 2:3 ratio of freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells and stearic acid, fluidization air of 20 to 50 rpm, coating rate of 40 to 80 g/min and inlet and outlet temperatures of between 50 to 70°C were assessed for optimization of the fluidized bed granulator. Results of the preliminary study showed that freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells incorporated with cryoprotectants exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) less cell loss than cells without cryoprotectants when exposed to 62°C for 15 to 60 min, 64 °C for 15 to 30 min, 66°C for 30 min and 68°C for 15 to 30 min. Freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells with cryoprotectants were also able to survive for 15 min at 70°C, but not freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells without cryoprotectants. Freeze-dried L. reuteri C 10 cells with or without cryoprotectants could tolerate acidic conditions and there was growth and increase in cell viability at pH 4, 5 and 6. However, cells with cryoprotectants had significantly (P < 0.05) more growth when exposed to pH 5 for 30 to 60 min, and pH 6 for 15 to 60 min than cells without cryoprotectants. The application of a fluidized bed granulator to coat L. reuteri C 10 cells with or without cryoprotectants with melted stearic was not successful in this study because the fluidized bed granulator could not maintain the temperature of stearic acid above its melting point which led to clogging of the tube and spray nozzle of the fluidized bed granulator or resulted in the formation of a big lump of stearic acid and L. reuteri C 10 cells instead of uniform coated cell granules. Installation of a temperature jacket on the fluidized bed granulator may be necessary to control the temperature of stearic acid in the tube and spray nozzle above melting point. Key words : Coating, fluidized bed granulator, Lactobacillus reuteri C10, stearic acid.
A Historical Overview of Uses and Gratifications Theory

This paper is a part of the thesis: A Study on Chinese IPTV audience. In this study, on the basis of uses and gratifications theory, starting from IPTV audience demand, the author endeavors to explore how variables affect audience satisfaction and put forward feasible suggestions so as to improve IPTV audience satisfaction. Some mass communications scholars have contended that the uses and gratifications are not a rigorous social science theory. In this article, I argue just the opposite, and any attempt to speculate on the future direction of mass communication theory must seriously include the uses and gratifications approach. And, I assert that the emergence of computer-mediated communication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. Theoretically and practically, for U&G scholars, however, the basic questions remain the same. Why do people become involved in one particular type of mediated communication or another, and what gratifications do they receive from it? Although we are likely to continue using traditional tools and typologies to answer these questions, we must also be prepared to expand our current theoretical models of U&G to include concepts such as interactivity, demassification, hypertextuality, asynchroneity, and interpersonal aspects of mediated communication.
Correlation between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in temporomandibular disorders

This study was carried out to determine the value of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic tool in patients with temporomandibular disorders. The clinical presentation and MRI findings on 88 temporomandibular joints belonging to 44 symptomatic patients were retrospectively studied. The disk position, configuration and signal intensity; mandibular condyle morphology and signal intensity; temporomandibular joint space and surrounding soft tissue abnormality were assessed. The correlation between the clinical and MRI findings was statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact (1-sided) test. Pain in the temporomandibular region was the most common clinical presentation, it accounts for 64% of cases. There was significant correlation between pain, and disc displacement with no reduction (DDWNR) and condylar hyperlaxity (p = 0.04, 0.03, respectively), as well as between clicking and each type of DD (p = 0.00). Statistically significant relationship was also found between tenderness, and DDWNR and presence of joint effusion (p = 0.02, 0.03, respectively) as well as between limitation of mouth opening and condylar marrow edema (p = 0.02). Causes of temporomandibular disorders can be well defined by clinical examination. However, MRI can be preserved for patients with pain in whom an initial medical conservative oral treatment failed in order to exclude other pathological process.
Complex method for performance prediction of photovoltaic systems

This paper shows a method for modelling photovoltaic (PV) systems, including different models for the solar cells, DC circuit and the inverter. The author created a Matlab simulation based on these models, enabling to perform various calculations. Predicting the amount of energy produced by PV systems has a great impact on the accurate calculation of financial return of investment. Furthermore the more accurate estimation of produced energy promotes the system integration of small-scale PV generators by enabling to schedule their production. The different analyses shown in this paper helps to understand the operation characteristics and the most important design considerations of these small-scale solar plants.
Levels of 25(OH)D3, IL-2, and C-peptide in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Receiving Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has become a health problem in many countries. T1DM is the consequence of autoimmune destruction process of β cells. There was relationship between vitamin D deficiency with T1DM. The destruction process was caused by an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. One of the pro-inflammatory cytokines is IL-2. C-peptide examination to see the function of beta cells due to destruction of pancreatic beta cell. Administration of vitamin D 3 supplementation still cause controversy and give varying results. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the levels of 25(OH)D 3 , IL-2, and C-peptide in people with T1DM who received vitamin D 3 supplementation. The subjects were 26 children with T1DM, divided into K1 group (received vitamin D 3 supplementation) and K2 group (received placebo). The results showed higher levels of 25(OH)D 3 in the K1 group and statistically found a significant difference (p = 0.00). Higher levels of IL-2 and lower C-peptide were obtained in the K1 group and no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.76 and p= 0.26). The insignificant relationship and the negative correlation were found between 25(OH)D 3 and IL-2 (p = 0.71; r = - 0.12), 25(OH)D 3 and C-peptide (p = 0.59; r = -0.16), also levels of IL-2 and C-peptide (p = 0.13; r = -0.44) in children with type 1 diabetes who received vitamin D3 supplementation. From this study can be concluded that administration vitamin D 3 supplementation in patients with T1DM can increase levels 25(OH)D 3 significantly. This increase has not significantly lowered levels of IL-2 and increased levels of C-peptide. However, there was an absolute decrease in the rate of slower C-peptide in the supplemented group than in the placebo group.
The effect of collaboration on the cohesion and coherence of L2 narrative discourse between english NS and korean L2 english users

This research looks at differences between how native speakers of English and Korean L2 English learners manage cohesive reference maintenance, as well as the effect of scaffolded interlocutor collaboration on the coherence and cohesion of extended L2 narrative discourse. Scaffolded and unscaffolded narratives were elicited from 10 Korean learners of English as an L2 and were compared against the narratives of 5 native speakers of English, to compare the grammatical means used to maintain coherent reference to discourse referents within and across clauses, as well as to see the effect that any scaffolding had on the L2 participant s ability to maintain coherence during performance. A link was found between the coherence of NS narrative discourse and accurate use of co-referential & distant anaphoric grammatical referential devices, and the presence of scaffolding was found to increase the accuracy of non-native speakers use of these devices. The implication of these results is that scaffolding helps L2 learners to create and hold more accurate reference to discourse referents, and instances of unscaffolded narrative discourse present increased difficulty for the L2 speaker. Finally, as L2 learners have more difficulty managing accurate reference maintenance, the overall coherence of their discourse is reduced.
Re-examining Long-Run PPP under an Innovation Regime Switching Framework

This paper avoids the usual dichotomy between unit-root nonstationarity and stationarity in testing long-run PPP and re-examine this hypothesis based on the Innovation Regime-Switching model of Kuan, Huang, and Tsay (2005, JBES). This model permits the random shock in each period to be permanent or transitory, depending on a swtiching mechanism, and hence results in distinct dyanmics (unit-root nonstationarity or stationarity) in different periods. Our empirical study on centuried U.S./U.K. real exchange rates shows that there are both temporary and permanent influences on the real exchange rate such that approximately 42% of the shocks in the long run are more likely to have a permanent effect. It is also found that transitory shocks dominate in the fixed-rate regimes, yet permanent shocks play a more important role during the floating regimes. Thus, long-run PPP is rejected due to the presence of a significant amount of permanent shocks, and there are still long periods of time in which the deviations from long-run PPP are only transitory. Moreover, after the distinct effects of shocks are properly accounted for, the half-life of a given transitory shock is considerably shorter than those reported in the literature.
Understanding Constraints and Facilitators to Salmon Angling Participation: Insights from Structural Equation Modeling

ABSTRACT Atlantic salmon sport fisheries have declined remarkably in many countries and participation seems to correlate with salmon abundance. We investigated angling participation in the Atlantic salmon sport fishery in Norwegian rivers by incorporating facilitators for participation in a constraint–negotiation model. We conducted an Internet survey of Norwegian anglers yielding 3,635 responses (40% response rate). The structural model confirmed our hypotheses and supported the conceptual constraints-effects-mitigation model of leisure constraint negotiation. Of the constraints and facilitators investigated, the structural constraints and facilitators subcategory “quality of fishing” exerted the largest influence on angling participation. The influence of constraints and facilitators was mitigated by use of corresponding negotiation strategies where “skills, knowledge, and money,” and different substitution strategies were important. To increase participation, we suggest increasing salmon abundance, offering longer fishing stretches per angler, and providing better information about where to book salmon angling.
Status of Milk Fat Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Selected Commercial Dairies

Because of the increasing evidence of potential benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on human health, there is a need to investigate its status in commercial dairies and develop feeding strategies to enhance the content and supply of CLA in milk and milk products. A two-year experiment was conducted to study the status of milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA on four selected commercial dairy farms in Utah (two) and Idaho (two), USA. Farms A and C grazed cows on pasture and supplemented with 7.0 kg/cow per day of their respective grain mixes during summer, while conserved forage and grain mix was fed during winter. Farm B fed a total mixed diet all year, with 10% of diet dry matter as fresh cut pasture during summer. Farm D had 1/3 of its cows grazed on pasture and supplemented with a total mixed diet during summer, while the rest were fed a total mixed diet. All cows in Farm D were fed a total mixed diet during winter. Farms A, B, C, and D had on average 80, 400, 150, and 500 milking cows, respectively, with Holstein or its crosses as the major breed. On a year-round basis, Farms A and C produced milk with 60% or more milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA and transvaccenic acid (TVA) contents than Farm B. Similarly, Farm D produced 30% or more c-9, t-11 CLA and TVA in milk than Farm B. Milk fat content of CLA and TVA was 150-200% more during summer compared with winter. Individual cows varied from 0.16 to 2.22% in milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA contents and 89% of the cows had c-9, t-11 CLA contents between 0.3 and 1.0% of milk fat. Individual cow variation was larger on Farms A and C compared with Farm D, with least variation on Farm B. Variation was larger in summer than in winter. The bulk tank milk c-9, t-11 CLA content varied from 0.27 to 1.35% of milk fat. Cows on Farms A and C produced similar or higher amounts of milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA on a daily basis even though their milk yield was lowest among the dairies. Concentration and supplies of c-9, t-11 CLA and TVA were highest from June through September and lowest from February through April, which should be the months for targeting improvement in the content and supply of milk fat c-9, t-11 CLA and TVA.
Interface-resolved simulations of particle suspensions in Newtonian, shear thinning and shear thickening carrier fluids

We present a numerical study of non-colloidal spherical and rigid particles suspended in Newtonian, shear thinning and shear thickening fluids employing an immersed boundary method. We consider a linear Couette configuration to explore a wide range of solid volume fractions ( $0.1\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}\leqslant 0.4$ ) and particle Reynolds numbers ( $0.1\leqslant Re_{p}\leqslant 10$ ). We report the distribution of solid and fluid phase velocity and solid volume fraction and show that close to the boundaries inertial effects result in a significant slip velocity between the solid and fluid phase. The local solid volume fraction profiles indicate particle layering close to the walls, which increases with the nominal $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ . This feature is associated with the confinement effects. We calculate the probability density function of local strain rates and compare the latter’s mean value with the values estimated from the homogenisation theory of Chateau et al. (J. Rheol., vol. 52, 2008, pp. 489–506), indicating a reasonable agreement in the Stokesian regime. Both the mean value and standard deviation of the local strain rates increase primarily with the solid volume fraction and secondarily with the $Re_{p}$ . The wide spectrum of the local shear rate and its dependency on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ and $Re_{p}$ point to the deficiencies of the mean value of the local shear rates in estimating the rheology of these non-colloidal complex suspensions. Finally, we show that in the presence of inertia, the effective viscosity of these non-colloidal suspensions deviates from that of Stokesian suspensions. We discuss how inertia affects the microstructure and provide a scaling argument to give a closure for the suspension shear stress for both Newtonian and power-law suspending fluids. The stress closure is valid for moderate particle Reynolds numbers, $O(Re_{p})\sim 10$ .
On the value of social reproduction: Informal labour, the majority world and the need for inclusive theories and politics

Radical feminist analyses have always placed considerable emphasis on the crucial role played by social reproduction for the development of capitalism. Early social reproduction analyses – primarily premised on housework but also more broadly concerned with wagelessness – developed a robust critique of Marxian views that identified processes of value-generation only with the productive sphere, and de facto deployed ‘productive’ and ‘paid’ labour as synonyms.1 Some more recent approaches, by contrast, propose social reproduction as a ‘theory’ (SRT), and deploy the concept in order to focus on how labour is regenerated daily and inter-generationally through private and public institutions in contemporary contexts.2 This second set of studies seem concerned with analysing the circuits of care that reproduce the worker as connected yet distinct to those of capital and value-generation. At the same time, however, they are committed to avoiding what they consider ‘dual theories’, conceptualising patriarchy and capitalism as separate systems.3 Starting from a review of the social reproduction debate, old and new, and focusing on the rise and spread of informal and informalised labour, the following analysis argues that only interpretations of social reproduction activities and realms as value-producing can advance our understandings of labour relations of contemporary capitalism. In fact, reproductive activities and realms play a key role in shaping such relations and in the processes of surplus extraction they are embedded in, particularly, (albeit not only), developing regions; that is, in the ‘majority world’. Specifically, this analysis argues that reproductive realms and activities contribute to processes of valuegeneration through three channels: first, by directly reinforcing patterns of labour control, expanding rates of exploitation; second, by absorbing the systematic externalisation of reproductive costs by capital, working as a de-facto subsidy to capital; and, third, through processes of formal subsumption of labour that remain endemic across the majority world. I conclude that the exclusion of informal and informalised labour from debates on the relation between social reproduction and value creation will inevitably lead to problematic – in fact, dualist – understandings of capitalist development. I discuss by way of conclusion the political relevance of stressing the value-producing nature of wagelessness for a politics (and theory) of inclusion, able to capture the leading features of the contemporary world of labour, and aimed at building solidarities between productive and reproductive struggles.
Antibiotic Self-Medication for Oral Conditions: Characteristics and Associated Factors

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of antibiotic self-medication for oral conditions in dental patients. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 501 patients attending Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia during late 2016. Questions were on socio-demographic characteristics, and pattern of antibiotic self-medication for oral disease. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 21. Statistical significance level was set at p ≤. 05. Results: Age range was 15-64 years (29.08±9.32 years) with 297 females (59.3%) and 204 males (40.7%). 135 patients (27%) self-medicated with antibiotics for oral disease. This practice was statistically significantly associated with the older adults (p=0.001), lack of medical or dental insurance (p=0.014 and 0.007, respectively), and poor dental attendance (p=0.021). A number of 26 (25.7%) perceived analgesics as antibiotics. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the most commonly cited antibiotic by 18 patients (17.8%). Dental pain was the most frequently reported oral condition. Pharmacists were the most common source for antibiotic prescription cited by 58 (57.4%). Conclusion: Antibiotic self-medication for oral disease is associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for non-indicated clinical oral conditions. The practice was encouraged by lenient behavior of pharmacists, lack of health insurance, and poor dental attendance.
A study on basic physiological parameters and their response to exercise of exotic horses (Equas cabellus) kept under Sri Lankan conditions.

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the basic physiological parameters, their diurnal changes and response to exercise in exotic horses reared in Sri Lanka. Thirty two healthy horses (9 Thoroughbreds and 23 Selle Fransiasis) of the Sri Lanka Police Mounted Division at Colombo, Kandy and Nuwara Eliya were used for the study. Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR) and Rectal Temperature (RT) of individual horses at resting stage (T 0 ) at three locations were obtained at hourly intervals during 24-hour periods. Environmental Temperature (ET) and Relative Humidity (RH) were measured simultaneously. Individual RT, HR and RR were measured for 21 days, just after completing the following continuous exercise regime (T 1 to T 4 ) or traffic duty (T 5 ): T 1 :0800-8010 hwalking (speed 100 m/min); T 2 :0812-0822 h-trotting (speed 250 m/min); T 3 :0824-0834 hcantering (speed 350 m/min); T 4 :0836-0900 h-parading(100 m/min) and T 5 : 0800-0930 htraffic duty. Horses were stabled after exercise/traffic duty and bathed from 1030-1100 h. RT, HR and RR were measured at 1000 h and 1100 h on stabling (T 6 ) and bathing (T 7 ). Data were analyzed using correlation, regression and GLM procedures. Overall mean±SD values of resting RT, RR and HR were 101.0±1.3 °F, 30.3±23.5 and 35.6±8.6 beats/min, respectively. Resting RT, RR and HR varied diurnally, signifying that ET>75 °F were thermally challenging. The RT, RR and HR increased (p 75 °F. Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 23 (4): 309-318 (2012) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/tar.v23i4. 4866