Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of dropouts and sparsity for regularization of autoencoders in deep neural networks

USE OF DROPOUTS AND SPARSITY FOR REGULARIZATION OF AUTOENCODERS IN DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS Muhaddisa Barat Ali M.S. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Advisor: Prof. Dr. Ömer Morgül January, 2015 Deep learning has emerged as an effective pre-training technique for neural networks with many hidden layers. To overcome the over-fitting issue, usually large capacity models are used. In this thesis, two methodologies which are frequently utilized in deep neural network literature have been considered. Firstly, for pretraining the performance of sparse autoencoder has been improved by adding p-norm of the sparse penalty term to an over-complete case. This efficiently induces sparsity to the hidden layers of a deep network to overcome over-fitting issues. At the end of the training, features constructed for each layer end up with a variety of useful information to initialize a deep network. The accuracy obtained is comparable to the conventional sparse autoencoder technique. Secondly, the large capacity networks suffer from complex co-adaptations between the hidden layers by combining the predictions of each unit in the previous layer to generate the features of the next layer. This results to certain redundant features. So, the idea we propose is to induce a threshold level on the hidden activations to allow only the highest active units to participate in the reconstruction of the features and suppressing the effect of less active units in the optimization. This is implemented by dropping out k-lowest hidden units while retaining the rest. Our simulations confirm the hypothesis that the k-lowest dropouts help the optimization in both the pre-training and fine-tuning phases giving rise to the internal distributed representations for better generalization. Moreover, this model gives quick convergence than the conventional dropout method.
Molecular Biomarkers and Network Analyses of Neuron-type Connectivity Reveal Cloaked Insights into Hippocampal Function

MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS AND NETWORK ANALYSES OF NEURON-TYPE CONNECTIVITY REVEAL CLOAKED INSIGHTS INTO HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION Christopher Loren Rees, M.S. George Mason University, 2016 Dissertation Director: Dr. Giorgio A. Ascoli To launch Hippocampome.org, a framework for classifying neuron types in the rodent hippocampus, we assembled >14,000 pieces of experimental evidence supporting knowledge of approximately 3,700 properties for 122 neuron types. This resource, the first comprehensive machine-readable neuron inventory for a mammalian cortical region, provides an opportunity to analyze the hippocampus in novel ways and garner unique insights into its intricate structure and enigmatic function. Here, I describe my twopronged attack on the sub-cellular and cellular fronts. First, although chemical messages are disseminated throughout the hippocampus and beyond, their individual and collective purpose as it relates to overall functionality remains shrouded. Thus, in a systematic review of a convoluted body of literature, I surveyed 15 molecular biomarkers present in the brain as well as peripheral tissues. By tracing structural information alongside functional, developmental, pathological, and pharmacological roles, I began to characterize the molecular-level blueprint of the brain. At the cellular level, knowledge of synaptic connectivity among neuron types is sparse. To fill the gaps, I employed Peters’ rule to determine sites of potential connectivity. In testing the principle by comparing these predictions with data for known connections, I uncovered gross inconsistencies in the community as to the interpretation and usage of the rule. This afforded the opportunity to reconcile opposing views and propose a more-nuanced version of Peters’ rule, which, based on the data at hand, is highly accurate, at least in the hippocampus. Emboldened, I combined known connectivity data with the potential connections and assembled a full connectome for the hippocampal formation at the neuron-type level. Using a full complement of graph theory analytic techniques, I investigated the relationship between the connectivity properties and functions of this circuit and unearthed a goldmine of information. Nuggets included, but were not limited to, a highly specialized topology built upon the tri-synaptic loop, a core set of neuron types that manage and control much of the network traffic, an innate resilience to random perturbations, and a set of simple connectivity patterns that combine to produce complex global functionality.
Representation of British Society in paintings of the British Industrial Revolution

Abstract. This thesis examines how the Industrial Revolution was perceived and presented in British art of the Industrial Revolution. This is done by analysing selected paintings of the Industrial Revolution by painters who are considered to be among the most influential figures in British art, these being Joseph Wright of Derby, J.M. W. Turner and Ford Madox Brown. The three painters in question represent different stages of the Industrial Revolution, with Wright of Derby presenting its infancy, Turner presenting its peak and Madox Brown presenting its after-effects. The analysis of their works is supplemented with historical perspectives of the Industrial Revolution by both historians and polemic writers and artists. The paintings chosen for analysis are selected according to their relevance to the Industrial Revolution, with their cultural significance being considered as well. The study is focused on social developments over the course of the Industrial Revolution, and so the ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed and shaped British society are key elements in the analysis. The historical perspectives maintain that while the Industrial Revolution brought advancements in industry and transportation, it also led to working people living destitute lives, and it also caused immense pollution in urban areas, thus causing an increase in death rate in Britain. The polemic views claim that the Industrial Revolution caused the decline of the British countryside and led to the negligence of natural beauty to facilitate the increase of factories. The people who worked in factories had very limited options in their life, as their managers largely had complete control over them, and could thus abuse their workforce to optimise production. The analysis found that the advancements of the Industrial Revolution were initially viewed with optimistic inquisitiveness along with feelings of wariness owing to the uncertainties regarding the advancements which were yet to come. Later on, the advancements became a regular part of life so that even wary observers adapted to them and altered their ways of thinking. Eventually the advancements led to the differences between social classes increasing, causing unemployment and general hardship among the working class. Industrialisation ultimately shaped British society so that it changed irrevocably, and common people ended up in a predicament where they had to adapt to the changes in the world they knew, regardless of how they felt about the changes in question.Tiivistelma. Taman tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittaa, miten teollinen vallankumous ilmeni vallankumouksenaikaisessa brittilaisessa kuvataiteessa ja milla tavoin siihen suhtauduttiin. Tutkielmassa analysoidaan valittuja maalauksia, joiden tekijoita pidetaan Brittilaisen taiteen tarkeimpina edustajina. Kyseiset taiteilijat, Joseph Wright of Derby, J.M. W. Turner seka Ford Madox Brown, edustavat teollisen vallankumouksen eri vaiheita. Wright of Derby edustaa vallankumouksen alkuvaiheita, Turner sen huippua ja Madox Brown…
Reccopolis revealed: the first geomagnetic mapping of the early medieval Visigothic royal town

Abstract Reccopolis, in central Iberia, is the only archaeologically identified town founded by Germanic newcomers on Roman soil during the challenging socio-political and environmental circumstances of the mid to late sixth century AD. Despite archaeological investigations, doubts have persisted concerning the nature and size of Reccopolis. Recent geomagnetic survey, however, has revealed a dense urban fabric, unexpected new royal palace buildings, an extramural suburb and one of the potentially earliest Islamic mosques in Iberia. Reccopolis now stands as an exceptional example of early medieval urbanism that challenges our perceptions of urban development in sixth-century Europe.
Theory And Design For Mechanical Measurements

theory and design for mechanical measurements is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the theory and design for mechanical measurements is universally compatible with any devices to read.
The Beaker People: project individuals, their funerary practices and their grave goods

This chapter introduces the individuals in the BPP Database, focusing on those dating to the Project's core period of 2500-1500 BC (rather than those found to date earlier or later: see Appendices 1 and 2 for thes), and especially those belonging to the Beaker period, from the 25th century to the 18th century BC, It starts with a regioin-by-region review of the individuals who were studied, then considers the range of funerary practices that are attested. Individual types of grave good associated with the BPP individuals are then discussed in detail, and the chapter finishes with some reflections on anspects of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age funerary practice and material culture that finds echoes in Middle Neolitic Britain
Workaholics Living With Them Working With Them

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Improved accuracy of etiological diagnosis of spinal infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing

Currently, the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a new approach to identify organisms in infectious diseases, is rarely reported in the diagnosis of spinal infection. This study aimed to evaluate the potential value of mNGS in etiological diagnosis of spinal infection. In this retrospective study, the clinical data of patients with suspected spinal infection were collected by electronic medical records. Specimens obtained from each patient were tested via mNGS assay and other conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS and CMTs were calculated using the final clinical diagnosis as the golden standard. In total, 108 patients were eligible for the study, with the mean length of stay of 42.8 days. Regarding the overall identification of pathogens, mNGS exhibited a better performance than CMTs, and several nontuberculous mycobacteria, fungi, and bacteria were newly discovered. In the diagnosis of spinal infection, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of mNGS were 90.72%, 81.82%, and 0.89, respectively, which were all higher than 52.17%, 56.25%, and 0.72 of the CMTs. At hospital discharge, the C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count of patients significantly decreased compared with hospitalization (all p < 0.05), and 88.89% showed good outcomes. These findings may suggest that mNGS has a better diagnostic accuracy in pathogenic identification of patients with suspected spinal infection, and patients treated with NGS-guided antimicrobial therapy mostly seem to have good outcomes.
Understanding Regulation Theory Strategy And Practice

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Optimal DG Allocation in Distribution Networks using Cat Swarm Optimization

Dispersed or Distributed Generations (DGs) are becoming more popular on account of socio-economic reasons and also to enhance performance of distribution systems. Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) is one of the recent swarm-intelligence-based optimization techniques which provides local and global search simultaneously. The aim of this study is to introduce the application of CSO method for optimal allocation of DGs in distribution networks. The problem is formulated to maximize annual energy loss reduction and to maintain a better node voltage profile under piece-wise multi-level load profile using penalty factor approach. Modification is suggested in CSO to enhance its exploration and exploitation potentials. In addition, clever search is proposed to enhance overall performance of the optimizing tool. The proposed method is applied on the benchmark IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus system and the obtained results are promising.
Short total sleep duration and poor sleep quality might be associated with asthenozoospermia risk: A case-control study

Sleep has been related to a variety of health outcomes. However, no association between sleep and asthenozoospermia has been reported. The aim of this study is to first investigate the relationship between sleep status and asthenozoospermia risk. A case-control study, including 540 asthenozoospermia cases and 579 controls, was performed from June 2020 to December 2020 in the infertility clinic from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Data on sleep status were collected by Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaires and asthenozoospermia was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization guidelines. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by logistic regression analysis to assess the aforementioned association. Results of this study demonstrated that compared with total sleep duration of 8–9 h/day, < 8 h/day was related to asthenozoospermia risk (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.99); compared to good sleep quality, poor sleep quality was associated with asthenozoospermia risk (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04–1.77). There were multiplicative model interaction effects between sleep quality and tea drinking (p = 0.04), rotating night shift work (p < 0.01) on asthenozoospermia risk. However, we failed to detect any associations between night sleep duration, daytime napping duration, night bedtime, wake-up time, sleep pattern and asthenozoospermia risk. In conclusion, short total sleep duration and poor sleep quality might be related to asthenozoospermia risk. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Re-evaluating the Quoit Brooch Style: Economic and Cultural Transformations in the 5th Century ad, with an Updated Catalogue of Known Quoit Brooch Style Artefacts

QUOIT BROOCH STYLE MATERIAL, produced from the early 5th century onwards, has been primarily considered from a stylistic point of view, leaving much scope for further investigation. In addition, the known corpus of material has been much expanded through newly excavated and metal-detected finds. In this article, I bring together the known extant material for the first time, and document important evidence relating to contextual dating, gender associations, manufacture (including new compositional analyses of c 75 objects), repair, and reuse. The article questions previous interpretations of Quoit Brooch Style material as relating to Germanic mercenaries and/or post-Roman political entities. It interprets the earliest material as a part of wider trends elsewhere, in England and in continental north-western Europe, for the production of material imitating late-Roman symbols of power. It presents new evidence for connectivity with continental Europe via the western-Channel route in the 5th century. A detailed investigation of individual artefacts shows that many Quoit Brooch Style objects were reused, and sometimes subject to extensive repair and modification. This provides new insights into the 5th-century metal economy; for instance, acute problems in the availability of new metal objects in south-eastern Britain in the middle years of the 5th century. Compositional analyses contribute further to our understanding of metal supply in the 5th century and relationships with the post-Roman West. Insights are provided into wider cultural transformations in the 5th century and the gradual loss of value that occurred for Roman-style objects.
‘Tangled up in Blue’: The Death, Dress and Identity of an Early Viking-Age Female Settler from Ketilsstaðir, Iceland

IN 1938, a woman’s burial was uncovered by road builders at Ketilsstaðir in north-eastern Iceland. Recently, her physical remains and associated funerary goods were re-examined by an international, interdisciplinary team and formed the basis for an exhibition at the National Museum of Iceland in 2015. This paper focuses on the items of dress that accompanied the woman in order to gain insights into the ways her cultural identity was expressed at the time of her death. Here we explore the roles played by material culture in signaling her identity, and the technologies and trade networks through which she was connected, visually, to Scandinavia, the British Isles, and the Viking world at large.
Study on coupling coordination of the human settlement environment and tourism industry in the yellow river basin

The human settlement environment is the basic space where people live, produce and live. The tourism industry is one of the industries closest to the development goal of the human settlement environment. The coordinated development of the human settlement environment and the tourism industry provides vital support for high-quality sustainable development in the region, but the related research is relatively insufficient. Based on the panel data from 2010 to 2019, this study takes the Yellow Basin as the research object, using comprehensive evaluation, coupling degree, and coupling coordination models. The study aims to comprehensively measure the development level of the human settlement environment and tourism industry in nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin and analyzes the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the coupling coordination between the human settlement environment and tourism industry in the Yellow River Basin. The results demonstrate an interactive coupling relationship between the human settlement environment and the tourism industry. We observe an upward fluctuation in the development level of the two systems in the Yellow River Basin and converging development trends between the two; however, the tourism industry in the region is far behind in driving the construction of the human settlement environment. Regarding the spatial and temporal evolution of the coupling coordination of the two systems, in the time dimension, the coupling degree of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin was relatively stable from 2010 to 2019 and maintained a high level. The coupling coordination degree was on the rise, evolving from near-disorder to elementary coordination. The two systems in the Basin still showed a pattern of “high coupling-low coordination. ” Nevertheless, in the spatial dimension, the coupling and coupling coordination degrees of the two systems in the Yellow River Basin showed an unbalanced development pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest. ” The regions with a low coordination level demonstrated that the development of the tourism industry lags behind in the construction of the human settlement environment. Findings in this study provide references for increasing the resonance between the human settlement environment and the tourism industry and promoting the overall coordinated, balanced and sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin.
A multiscale stereovision algorithm for a mobile robot

We are interested in matching stereoscopic images. In this context we present a multiscale stereovision algorithm based on primitives of type "contour chain points". We use a pyramidal image as a data structure. The resolution is reduced with a consolidation. We consider a pyramid at its four uppermost levels. The consolidation is done on a 2/spl times/2 neighborhood. The matching process is done at each resolution. The research process is done at a low resolution and becomes finer at the upper ones. The primitives we use are groups of connected edge points called contour chains points. These primitives are rich in information and then easier to match. The contour chain depicts the primitive support and allows verification of the disparity smoothness. In order to have an efficient algorithm able to match the large structures of the scene as well as the details, we have developed a multiscale edge detection algorithm based on the multifractal approach providing high quality contour images and keeping the richness and the details of the scene.
Cracking under pressure

American interventions in Central America and fee hikes at Sonoma State University—he achieved mixed results around local initiatives. Th ose events provide further evidence of Savio’s democratic leadership, but they remain undeniably anticlimactic. Even in those closing chapters, Cohen highlights the impact of Savio’s democratic oratory. Cohen’s deconstruction of Savio’s oratorical oeuvre—including an entire chapter about “Bodies Upon the Gears” and a generous selection of speeches—illustrates how 1960s activism sometimes approached high art and even religion. For Savio, “Th e holy . was right actions performed with great power” (77). If so, Savio’s oratory inspired sacraments of radicalism that Marxists and Catholics could both embrace.