Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Good Governance Framework for Corporate Waqf: Towards Accountability Enhancement

The revival of waqf institution creates the needs for good governance framework, which could improve transparency and accountability of the institution. One of the aspects least focused in waqf literature generally, and corporate waqf specifically, is on the governance issue. The objective of this paper therefore, is to evaluate the potential of developing a governance framework specifically for corporate waqf. The purposes of waqf are to provide continuous charity that could generate perpetual income flow for the needy. If good governance is in place, the accountability can be discharge to various stakeholders such as givers and beneficiaries. The paper looks at the potential of governance framework for corporate waqf. Looking at the nature of waqf institution, it can be either classified as a non-profit-organization or social enterprise. While the underlying principles of corporate waqf indicated that it can be categorized as a corporation and Islamic financial institution.The governance of these institutions are been examined to gauge themes and elements for good governance for corporate waqf. Findings of this paper opens to potential development of governance framework that may improve the effectiveness and efficiency of waqf management.
Continuous 900-megahertz electromagnetic field applied in middle and late-adolescence causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the ovarian morphology, tissue and blood biochemistry of the rat

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use histological and biochemical methods in order to evaluate changes taking place in the ovarian of rats exposed to the effect of a 900-megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) in middle and late adolescence. Materials and methods: Twenty-four 34-d-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned equally to control, sham and EMF groups. EMF group rats were exposed to the effect of a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h a day, at the same time every day between postnatal days 35 and 59, while inside an EMF cage. Sham group rats were kept inside the EMF cage for the same time between postnatal days 35 and 59 without being exposed to any EMF effect. At the end of the study, rats’ ovarian were removed and blood specimens were taken. Right ovarium tissues were subjected to routine histological procedures and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid shift and Masson’s trichrome. Follicles were counted in ovarian sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The TUNEL method was used to evaluate apoptosis. Left ovarian tissue and blood specimens were investigated biochemically. Results: Histopathological examination of EMF group ovarian tissue revealed thinning in the zona granulosa and theca layers, shrinking in granulosa cells, reduced mitotic activity and leukocyte infiltration in the follicles and stroma. Secondary follicle numbers in the EMF group were significantly lower than in the other groups. In terms of biochemistry, EMF and sham group superoxide dismutase, catalase and anti-Mullerian hormone levels and EMF group 3-nitrotyrosine values increased significantly compared to the control group. EMF and sham group serum catalase and 8-hydroxy-deoxiguanosine values increased significantly compared to the control group, and EMF group total oxidant status and oxidative stress index values were significantly higher compared to the sham and control groups. Conclusions: A total of 900-MHz EMF applied in middle and late adolescence may cause changes in the morphology and biochemistry of the rat ovarium.
REAKSI PASAR TERHADAP PENGUMUMAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PERCEPTION INDEX (CGPI) SEPULUH BESAR DAN NON SEPULUH BESAR

This study tries to examine the difference in market reaction that reflected from abnormal return and trading volume activity between companies that have rating of corporate governance perception index (CGPI) in big ten and non-big ten. The companies in the big ten CGPI are presumed that the corporate governance companies are better than those in non-big ten CGPI,. There is possbibly difference in market reaction among those companies. This study employs a independent sample t-test to test the hypothesis that there are the differences between abnormal return and trading volume activity in big ten CGPI firms and non-big ten CGPI firms around the date of the corporate governance perception index (CGPI) announcement. The rating of CGPI for 2004-2006 by the Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance and SWA Magazine is used to measure an eefort mentioned above. The analysis shows that there is no difference between abnormal return and trading volume activity in big ten CGPI firms and non-big ten CGPI firms. It means that the information about CGPI announcement is not effective for the investor’s decision making. The rating in CGPI announcement is not used by the investors in their decision making and even there is no no effect on their preference in their decision making.
Performance of Santa Ines lambs fed diets of variable crude protein levels

Differences among dietary protein levels suggested in the literature point out to the need for better evaluation of protein requirements of growing lambs, raised in drylot on a high-concentrate diet. This study evaluates the influence of crude protein (CP) levels in high concentrate diets on performance and carcass traits of ram lambs, confined for 56 days. Forty eight (48) Santa Ines lambs (initial body weight 18.4 ± 0.4 kg; 86 ± 2 days old) were fed 4 experimental diets containing 14, 16, 18 or 20% CP, in a completely randomized block design. Diets consisted of 80% concentrate and 20% sugarcane bagasse. There were no differences in average daily gain: values of 228, 220, 230 and 231 g d-1 were obtained for diets containing 14, 16, 18 and 20% CP, respectively. There were no differences in dry matter intake and feed conversion: values were 1.03; 1.02; 1.08 and 1.10 kg d-1; 4.19; 4.28; 4.35 and 4.44 kg DM kg-1 gain for diets with 14, 16, 18 and 20% CP, respectively. Plasma urea nitrogen concentrations increased linearly as diets contained more CP. There were no differences in carcass traits.
Independent and synergistic activity of rol A, B and C loci in stimulating abnormal growth in plants

The Ri plasmid A4 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes contains within its T‐DNA genetic information able to trigger root formation in infected plants. Tobacco plants regenerated from transformed roots display the hairy root (hr) syndrome. We show that DNA fragments containing the rol B locus alone are able to induce root formation both in tobacco and kalanchoe tissues. The rol A and the rol C loci by themselves are also able to induce root formation in tobacco but not in kalanchoe. This capacity to induce root formation in either host is greatly increased when the rol A and/or C loci are combined with the rol B locus. Root induction is shown to be correlated with the expression of the rol loci. Transgenic plants exhibit all the characteristics of the hairy root syndrome only when all three loci are present and expressed. Although the activity of the rol encoded functions is synergistic, each of them appears to independently influence host functions involved in the determination of root differentiation.
Assessment of Estradiol Response after Depot Triptorelin Administration in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty

Background: Estradiol at baseline or after a classical gonadotropin-releasing hormone test did not reflect ovarian steroidogenesis in central precocious puberty (CPP) girls. Aims: To evaluate estradiol response to depot triptorelin, both at start and during therapy to determine how active ovarian steroidogenesis is at pubertal stage and under therapy. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 43 CPP girls. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone at 3 h (LH-3h, FSH-3h) and estradiol at 24 h (E2-24h) after injection of depot triptorelin 3.75 mg were measured, at first dose and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of treatment. Results: E2-24h after depot triptorelin was >100 pg/ml after the first dose. Estradiol response (E2-24h) fell to levels <14 pg/ml in 78 out of 82 follow-up visits along 2 years of therapy. Concomitantly, LH-3h and FSH-3h were <4.0 and <6.3 IU/l, respectively. In 4 patients with inadequate treatment, E2-24h, LH-3h and FSH-3h rose to pubertal values similar to those observed at first dose. Conclusion: Estradiol (<14 pg/ml) assessment 24 h after depot triptorelin administration is a reliable and simple manner to confirm ovarian suppression in CPP girls during treatment.
Evaluation of epidural morphine and incisional bupivacaine for analgesia following hemilaminectomy in the dog

A blind, placebo – controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of topically administered, intraoperative, epidural morphine (Duramorph) and intramuscular infiltration of the incision site with bupivacaine prior to closure of the skin in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for Hansen type I Intervertebral Disk Disease (IVDD). Thirtythree dogs were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: epidural Duramorph with incisional bupivacaine (DUR/BUP), epidural saline with incisional bupivacaine (SAL/BUP), epidural Duramorph with incisional saline (DUR/SAL), and epidural saline with incisional saline (SAL/SAL). All dogs were premedicated with a standard protocol and were anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. After surgery, scores were assigned using a visual analog scale (VAS) for both pain and sedation and a composite pain scale (CPS). In addition, a von Frey anesthesiometer was used to determine pain thresholds at 1 cm and 3 cm from the surgical incision line (primary hyperalgesia) as well as on the lateral aspect of the stifle (secondary hyperalgesia). Assessments were carried out at fixed intervals over the 48 hour postoperative period. Significant differences were found between those groups treated with the epidural Duramorph and those that received epidural saline. Those dogs in the DUR/BUP and DUR/SAL groups exhibited lower von Frey pain thresholds and higher VAS and CPS scores than the SAL/BUP and SAL/SAL groups. The administration of bupivacaine had no significant effect on any measured outcome. The authors conclude that topically administered epidural Duramorph and intramuscular incisional bupivacaine do not enhance analgesia following hemilaminectomy in the dog.
A framework for deciding what to outsource in information technology

The theory and background of outsourcing are examined from a general perspective. It is concluded that the pressures to outsource activities can best be understood through two main sources: the work of organization theorists on the management of organizational complexity and the transaction economics approach of Williamson which argues the virtues of provision of many organizational services through market mechanisms rather than by internal departments. Within IT, the early motivation for outsourcing was the cost reduction one implied by the Williamson approach. However, a number of authors have argued that the complexity of managing IT outsourcing means that it is often preferable to try to improve the efficiency of internal suppliers. This suggests that there is a need to develop a framework that will enable a decision to be made about what to outsource and what to insource. A model is applied to the IT sourcing decision.
Finite element simulation of spinal deformities correction by in situ contouring technique

Biomechanical models have been proposed in order to simulate the surgical correction of spinal deformities. With these models, different surgical correction techniques have been examined: distraction and rod rotation. The purpose of this study was to simulate another surgical correction technique: the in situ contouring technique. In this way, a comprehensive three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model with patient-specific geometry and patient-specific mechanical properties was used. The simulation of the surgery took into account elasto–plastic behavior of the rod and multiple moments loading and unloading representing the surgical maneuvers. The simulations of two clinical cases of hyperkyphosis and scoliosis were coherent with the surgeon's experience. Moreover, the results of simulation were compared to post-operative 3D measurements. The mean differences were under 5° for vertebral rotations and 5 mm for spinal lines. These simulations open the way for future predictive tools for surgical planning.
DNA Methylation in Acute Leukemia

After birth, all blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by a process known as hematopoiesis. The basic biological process of hematopoiesis is the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to generate different types of mature blood cells (Kawamoto et al., 2010). In an adult, approximately 1012 blood cells are produced daily and released into the circulating peripheral blood. As new cells are released, some old cells undergo apoptosis in tissues or cleaned by spleen in order to maintain a homeostatic level of blood cells. Hematopoiesis is highly regulated through the interaction between hematopoietic cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Many cytokines or growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules that are secreted either from stromal cells or from hematopoietic cells, as well as nutrients and vitamins, provide a favorable microenvironment for hematopoiesis to occur (Metcalf, 2008). Under the influence of specific growth factors such as c-KIT ligand and FLT-3 ligand, after rounds of asymmetric divisions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), some daughter cells participate in lineagecommitment differentiation to become either lymphoid or myeloid progenitors. After several rounds of proliferation, these progenitor cells undergo terminal differentiation becoming mature lymphocytes (B-cells, T-cells and NK-cells) or myeloid cells (granulocytes, monocytes, red blood cells, mast cells and platelets). Generation of lymphocytes and myeloid cells in bone marrow during hematopoiesis is termed as lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis, respectively. Disruption of these normal physiological processes at the stages of HSCs and/or progenitors may initiate leukemogenesis, a neoplastic transformation, and result in leukemia. Leukemia is classified as acute or chronic leukemia based on the clinical presentation and pathophysiological features. Acute leukemia is classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on the cell lineages. Therefore, ALL may be B-cell, T-cell, or NK-cell in origin, while AML may be a granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic subtype (Swerdlow et al., 2008; Vardiman et al., 2009).
UVA Light‐mediated Ascorbate Oxidation in Human Lenses

Whether ascorbate oxidation is promoted by UVA light in human lenses and whether this process is influenced by age and GSH levels are not known. In this study, we used paired lenses from human donors. One lens of each pair was exposed to UVA light, whereas the other lens was kept in the dark for the same period of time as the control. Using LC‐MS/MS analyses, we found that older lenses (41–73 years) were more susceptible to UVA‐induced ascorbate oxidation than younger lenses (18–40 years). Approximately 36% of the ascorbate (relative to control) was oxidized in older lenses compared to ~16% in younger lenses. Furthermore, lenses with higher levels of GSH were less susceptible to UVA‐induced ascorbate oxidation compared to those with lower levels, and this effect was not dependent on age. The oxidation of ascorbate led to elevated levels of reactive α‐dicarbonyl compounds. In summary, our study showed that UVA light exposure leads to ascorbate oxidation in human lenses and that such oxidation is more pronounced in aged lenses and is inversely related to GSH levels. Our findings suggest that UVA light exposure could lead to protein aggregation through ascorbate oxidation in human lenses.
THERMAL INACTIVATION OF ANIMAL VIRUSES

The published reports on the thermal inactivation of animal viruses give a picture of a complex phenomenon. However, much of this may be the result of a lack of thoroughness and accuracy in experimentation rather than of inherent complexity in the system. Nevertheless, there are several well-established characteristics of animal virus thermal inactivations that do indicate some complexity, a t least. Examples are: (1) the Qlo for virus inactivations often varies greatly with temperature; (2) first-order kinetics are obeyed for a few loglo units only, there being a relatively thermal-resistant 10 per cent or less of most virus cultures; and (3) a t certain temperatures two virus functions (for example, infectivity and serologic properties) are lost a t the same rate, while a t other temperatures the two functions are lost a t different rates. In recent years several thorough studies on the subject of animal virus thermal inactivations have appeared, and there seems to be a common pattern to all of these. In this paper I shall attempt to identify the general characteristics of animal virus thermal inactivations as elucidated by these studies and try to develop a simple unified hypothesis relating all or most of the facts. Before turning to the details of virus inactivations, it will be profitable to review what is known of the thermal inactivation of the component parts, namely protein and nucleic acids. The Eyring theory of absolute reaction rates has proved to be very useful in elucidating the mechanism of many simple chemical reactions. Furthermore, i t has been applied with some success to an understanding of the inactivation of enzymes and protein denaturation. ’ Written in its usual form the Eyring equatioq2 relating the reaction rate constant, k , to thermodynamic parameters is
Effect of ethanol and methyl‐Tert‐butyl ether on monoaromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation: Response variability for different aquifer materials under various electron‐accepting conditions

Aquifer microcosms were used to determine how ethanol and methyl‐tert‐butyl ether (MtBE) affect monoaromatic hydrocarbon degradation under different electron‐accepting conditions commonly found in contaminated sites experiencing natural attenuation. Response variability was investigated by using aquifer material from four sites with different exposure history. The lag phase prior to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and ethanol degradation was typically shorter in microcosms with previously contaminated aquifer material, although previous exposure did not always result in high degradation activity. Toluene was degraded in all aquifer materials and generally under a broader range of electron‐accepting conditions compared to benzene, which was degraded only under aerobic conditions. The MtBE was not degraded within 100 d under any condition, and it did not affect BTEX or ethanol degradation patterns. Ethanol was often degraded before BTEX compounds and had a variable effect on BTEX degradation as a function of electron‐accepting conditions and aquifer material source. An occasional enhancement of toluene degradation by ethanol occurred in denitrifying microcosms with unlimited nitrate; this may be attributable to the fortuitous growth of toluene‐degrading bacteria during ethanol degradation. Nevertheless, experiments with flow‐through aquifer columns showed that this beneficial effect could be eclipsed by an ethanol‐driven depletion of electron acceptors, which significantly inhibited BTEX degradation and is probably the most important mechanism by which ethanol could hinder BTEX natural attenuation. A decrease in natural attenuation could increase the likelihood that BTEX compounds reach a receptor as well as the potential duration of exposure.
Superstars or Superlemons? Top Executive Pay and Corporate Acquisitions

Why are top executives of U.S. corporations paid so much? This paper evaluates empirically the merit of the two main existing answers to this question: 1) because of their talent; or 2) because of their power. To this end, I construct a simple measure of short-term excess pay of CEOs and other top executives, defined as the deviation of actual pay from the normal pay implied by firm, industry, and executive characteristics. I study the effect of excess pay on the profitability of corporate acquisitions and the related choice of financing method. I find that excess pay has a positive impact on shareholder value, in that acquirers who give excess rewards to their top executives experience significantly higher announcement-period abnormal stock returns than acquirers who do not. Moreover, excess pay decreases the likelihood that an acquisition is financed with equity. These results are strongly consistent with a model of executive pay based on talent rather than power.
Does the Learning Channel Really Matter? - Insights from Commercial Online ICT-training

Evolving ICT has provided new options to participate to training. Online participation has been found to be cost effective, helping people to deal with the time and cost pressures they are facing on their jobs. Previous studies conducted in higher education sector indicates that student satisfaction or learning outcomes does not differ between online and classroom participants. However, little is known what is the situation in commercial ICT-training. This paper studied course feedbacks from courses having both online and classroom participants of a commercial ICT-training provider. Results revealed that the learning channel has no effect on satisfaction, perceived teacher’s substance and teaching skills, or course arrangements. The results also revealed some areas how the commercial training providers could improve their online training.
Relative sensitivities of forward and reverse mutation assays in Salmonella typhimurium.

Forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance and reverse mutation to histidine prototrophy were measured in Salmonella typhimurium after treatment with 16 mutagens of both base-substitution and frameshift classes. The two approaches were found to be equisensitive for all 16 mutagens--i.e., induction of significant mutation occurred at similar concentrations in the forward mutation assay and in the most sensitive of the five Ames tester strains.
Are underserved borrowers lower risk? new evidence on the performance and pricing of FHA-Insured mortgages

This paper estimates an option-based hazard model of the competing risks of FHA mortgage termination. Results indicate that the elevated default risks of loans originated among lower credit quality and minority borrowers are more than offset by the damped prepayment speeds of those loans, so as to result in markedly lower loan termination probabilities among underserved borrower groups. Those damped termination risks translate into sizable reductions in risk premia to investors in simulated lower credit-quality mortgage pools. Empirical findings suggest that such pooling and risk-based pricing of FHA-insured mortgages could serve to substantially reduce housing finance costs among underserved borrowers, so as to advance both their homeownership opportunities and related federal housing policy objectives.