Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer trial in node-positive breast cancer comparing the addition of docetaxel to doxorubicin with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy: BIG 02-98.

PURPOSE Previous preclinical and clinical data suggest that the immune system influences prognosis and response to chemotherapy (CT); however, clinical relevance has yet to be established in breast cancer (BC). We hypothesized that increased lymphocytic infiltration would be associated with good prognosis and benefit from immunogenic CT-in this case, anthracycline-only CT-in selected BC subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the relationship between quantity and location of lymphocytic infiltrate at diagnosis with clinical outcome in 2009 node-positive BC samples from the BIG 02-98 adjuvant phase III trial comparing anthracycline-only CT (doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil [CMF] or doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by CMF) versus CT combining doxorubicin and docetaxel (doxorubicin plus docetaxel followed by CMF or doxorubicin followed by docetaxel followed by CMF). Readings were independently performed by two pathologists. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and interaction with type of CT associations were studied. Median follow-up was 8 years. RESULTS There was no significant prognostic association in the global nor estrogen receptor (ER) -positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -negative population. However, each 10% increase in intratumoral and stromal lymphocytic infiltrations was associated with 17% and 15% reduced risk of relapse (adjusted P = .1 and P = .025), respectively, and 27% and 17% reduced risk of death in ER-negative/HER2-negative BC regardless of CT type (adjusted P = .035 and P = .023), respectively. In HER2-positive BC, there was a significant interaction between increasing stromal lymphocytic infiltration (10% increments) and benefit with anthracycline-only CT (DFS, interaction P = .042; OS, P = .018). CONCLUSION In node-positive, ER-negative/HER2-negative BC, increasing lymphocytic infiltration was associated with excellent prognosis. Further validation of the clinical utility of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in this context is warranted. Our data also support the evaluation of immunotherapeutic approaches in selected BC subtypes.
Inhibitory potential of ginger extracts against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, inflammation and induced oxidative stress

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) continues to be used as an important cooking spice and herbal medicine around the world. Gingerols, the major pungent components of ginger, are known to improve diabetes, including the effect of enhancement against insulin sensitivity. In the current study, ginger sequentially extracted with different solvents—namely, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 70% methanol–water and water—were screened to determine the variations in phenolic-linked active constituents. The potential of these extracts to inhibit key enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes and inflammation was studied. Phenolic compounds—namely, gingerols and shoagols—were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Ethyl acetate extract showed higher activity compared with other extracts. These studies indicate that ginger has very good potential for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition relevant for type 2 diabetes management and cyclooxygenase inhibition for inflammation.
The Role of Diabetes Duration, Pubertal Development and Metabolic Control in Growth in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether pubertal development, duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), or metabolic control play some role in the anomalies in growth observed in diabetic children. PATIENTS We conducted a prospective evaluation of 83 patients (37 female, 46 male) who were followed from the onset of DM1 at the prepubertal stage until they reached final height. All patients were treated with a conventional regimen of insulin. METHODS Height SDS, weight SDS, BMI SDS, duration of DM1 in years, and values of HbA1c were the study variables. RESULTS In prepubertal (P1) girls (data for the initial vs the intermediate evaluations): weight SDS was -0.14 +/- 0.19 vs 0.11 +/- 0.20, p = ns; BMI SDS -0.25 +/- 0.15 vs 0.01 +/- 0.13, p = ns. In postpubertal (P3) girls, weight SDS was 0.49 +/- 0.2 vs 1.2 +/- 0.32, p <0.01; BMI SDS 0.09 +/- 0.16 vs 1.03 +/- 0.24, p <0.01, whereas in P1 boys, height SDS was 0.16 +/- 0.30 vs -0.20 +/- 0.27, p <0.05; and in P3 boys: 0.09 +/- 0.21 vs -0.28 +/- 0.26, p <0.05. Thus pubertal development influenced changes observed in girls with DM1, but did not do so in boys. The anomalies described in children with DM1 were observed from the third year of DM1 duration in both girls and boys. We did not observe any correlation between HbA1c values with height SDS, weight SDS or BMI SDS. CONCLUSIONS The anomalies in growth observed in girls with DM1 are related to pubertal development, but this is not the case in boys. Alterations in children with DM1 were found from the third year of DM1 duration. Furthermore, the present data also indicate that the degree of metabolic control observed in our patients treated with modern but conventional regimen did not play a major role in the anomalies observed.
An ArsR/SmtB family member regulates arsenic resistance genes unusually arranged in Thermus thermophilus HB27

Arsenic resistance is commonly clustered in ars operons in bacteria; main ars operon components encode an arsenate reductase, a membrane extrusion protein, and an As‐sensitive transcription factor. In the As‐resistant thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB27, genes encoding homologues of these proteins are interspersed in the chromosome. In this article, we show that two adjacent genes, TtsmtB, encoding an ArsR/SmtB transcriptional repressor and, TTC0354, encoding a Zn2+/Cd2+‐dependent membrane ATPase are involved in As resistance; differently from characterized ars operons, the two genes are transcribed from dedicated promoters upstream of their respective genes, whose expression is differentially regulated at transcriptional level. Mutants defective in TtsmtB or TTC0354 are more sensitive to As than the wild type, proving their role in arsenic resistance. Recombinant dimeric TtSmtB binds in vitro to both promoters, but its binding capability decreases upon interaction with arsenate and, less efficiently, with arsenite. In vivo and in vitro experiments also demonstrate that the arsenate reductase (TtArsC) is subjected to regulation by TtSmtB. We propose a model for the regulation of As resistance in T. thermophilus in which TtSmtB is the arsenate sensor responsible for the induction of TtArsC which generates arsenite exported by TTC0354 efflux protein to detoxify cells.
Association between HLA class II gene and susceptibility or resistance to chronic hepatitis B.

AIM To investigate the association between the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles and viral hepatitis B. METHODS HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles in 54 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 30 patients with acute hepatitis B and 106 normal control subjects were analyzed by using the polymerase chain reaction/sequence specific primer (PCR/SSP) technique. RESULTS The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*0301 in the chronic hepatitis B group was markedly higher than that in the normal control group (17.31% vs 5.67%), there was a significant correlation between them (chi2=12.3068, Pc=0.0074, RR=4.15). The allele frequency of HLA-DQA1*0501 in the chronic hepatitis B group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (25.96% vs 13.68%), there was a significant correlation between them (chi2=9.2002, Pc=0.0157, RR=2.87). The allele frequency of HLA-DQB1*0301 in the chronic hepatitis B group was notably higher than that in the normal control group (35.58% vs 18.87%), there was a significant correlation between them (chi2=15.5938, Pc=0.0075, RR=4.07). The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*1101/1104 in the chronic hepatitis B group was obviously lower than that in the normal control group (0.96% vs 13.33%), there was a significant correlation between them (chi2=11.9206, Pc=0.0145, RR=18.55). The allele frequency of HLA-DQA1*0301 in the chronic hepatitis B group was remarkably lower than that in the normal control group (14.42% vs 30%), there was a significant correlation between them (chi2=8.7396, Pc=0.0167, RR=0.35). CONCLUSION HLA-DRB1*0301, HLA-DQA1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0301 are closely related with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B, and HLA-DRB1*1101/1104 and HLA-DQA1*0301 are closely related with resistance to chronic hepatitis B. These findings suggest that host HLA class II gene is an important factor determining the outcome of HBV infection.
Bayesian Network Model With Monte Carlo Simulations for Analysis of Animal-Related Outages in Overhead Distribution Systems

This paper extends previous research on using a Bayesian network model to investigate impacts of time (month) and weather (number of fair weather days in a week) on animal-related outages in distribution systems. Outage history (outages in the previous week) is included as an additional input to the model, and inputs and outputs are classified systematically to reduce errors in estimates of outputs. Conditional probability table obtained from the historical data are used to estimate weekly animal-related outages which is followed by a Monte Carlo simulation to find estimates of mean and confidence limits for monthly animal-related outages. Comparison of results obtained for four cities of different sizes in Kansas with those obtained using a hybrid wavelet/neural network model shows consistency between the two models. The methodology presented in this paper is simple to implement and useful for the utilities for year-end analysis of the outage data to identify specific reliability-related concerns.
PENGUJIAN BIAS PERILAKU: GAMBLER’S FALLACY, HALO EFFECT, DAN FAMILIARITY EFFECT DI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA

This study aims to examine the biased behavior of investor in uptrend and/or downtrend market in Indonesian stock exchange. Behavioral bias is indicated by three variables: gambler’s fallacy, halo effect, and familiarity effect. Data were collected using questionnaire and distributed to 384 respondents. First, questionnaires were analyzed using frequency distribution. Second, questionnaires were assessed using Likert scale and analyzed using one sample t-test and paired t-test to answer the hypothesis and research questions. The result shows that gambler’s fallacy exists in investors when they trade in uptrend stock market, but does not exist in downtrend stock market. Halo effect does not exist when they trade in uptrend and downtrend stock market. Meanwhile, familiarity effect exists when they trade in uptrend and downtrend stock market. In uptrend stock market, familiarity effect was greater than that of the downtrend stock market. Based on the result, this research concluded that in general, investors in Indonesian stock market are irrational in decision making process. In the uptrend market, behavioral bias is potentially greater than that in the downtrend market as indicated by the occurrence of gambler’s fallacy and familiarity effect. Meanwhile, in the downtrend market, the behavioral bias is indicated by familiarity effect. --- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bias perilaku yang terjadi pada investor saat kondisi uptrend dan downtrend di pasar modal Indonesia. Bias perilaku diteliti melalui 3 variabel: gambler’s fallacy, halo effect, dan familiarity effect. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 384 responden. Pertama, kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Kedua, kuesioner diberikan nilai menggunakan skala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan one sample t-test dan paired t-test untuk menjawab hipotesis dan pertanyaan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambler’s fallacy terjadi pada investor saat kondisi uptrend, tetapi tidak terjadi saat kondisi downtrend. Halo effect tidak terjadi pada investor, baik ketika kondisi uptrend dan downtrend. Sementara itu, familiarity effect terjadi pada investor saat kondisi uptrend dan downtrend. Familiarity effect terjadi lebih besar saat kondisi pasar modal mengalami uptrend. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, secara umum, investor di pasar modal Indonesia mengambil keputusan secara irasional. Saat kondisi uptrend, perilaku bias berpeluang lebih besar terjadi dibandingkan saat kondisi downtrend, yang diindikasikan dengan terjadinya gambler’s fallacy dan familiarity effect. Sementara itu, saat kondisi downtrend, perilaku bias diindikasikan dengan terjadinya familiarity effect.
An OPTN Analysis of National Registry Data on Treatment of BK Virus Allograft Nephropathy in the United States

Introduction. Published data for BK virus allograft nephropathy, a recently emerged graft-threatening complication of kidney transplantation, are from limited-center series. Since June 30, 2004, the Organ Procurement Transplant Network national registry in the United States started collecting data on treatment of BK virus (TBKV) on the kidney follow-up forms. This study determined the rates of TBKV within 24 months posttransplant time and elucidated the risk factors for TBKV from this multicenter database. Methods. We queried the database for all primary and solitary kidney transplant recipients transplanted between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2006, followed through July 18, 2008, and who were reported to have TBKV. Cumulative incidence of TBKV over time was estimated using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method to reduce potential under reporting. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to determine risk factors for TBKV development, and time dependent Cox model was fitted to determine if TBKV was associated with higher risk of graft loss. Results. We included 48,292 primary and solitary kidney transplants from the US Organ Procurement Transplant Network database. The cumulative K-M incidence of BKVAN kept rising over time (0.70% at 6 months posttransplant to 2.18% at 1 year, 3.45% at 2 years and 6.6% at 5 years). Risk for BKVAN was higher with certain immunosuppressive regimens that included rabbit antithymocyte globulin or tacrolimus/mycophenolate combinations. Higher center volume and living kidney donation exerted a protective effect. Of concern, TBKV rates were significantly higher in more recent transplant years. TBKV report was associated with higher risk of subsequent graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio=1.69, P<0.001).
Longitudinal Trajectories of Awareness in Early-stage Dementia

Although it is often assumed that awareness decreases as dementia severity increases, there is limited evidence regarding changes in awareness over time. We examined awareness in 101 individuals with early-stage dementia (PwD) and their carers; 66 were reassessed after 12 months and 51 were seen again at 20 months. Awareness was assessed in relation to memory, everyday activities, and socio-emotional functioning using discrepancies between PwD and carer ratings on parallel questionnaires. PwD completed neuropsychological tests and measures of mood and quality of life. Carers completed measures of mood and stress. At initial assessment, discrepancies were greatest for activities of daily living, moderate for memory, and least pronounced for socio-emotional functioning. Discrepancy scores did not change over time. PwD self-ratings indicated perceived poorer functioning in everyday activities over time, but no change for memory and socio-emotional functioning. Carer ratings indicated perceived decline in everyday activities and socio-emotional functioning, but no change for memory. PwD declined in neuropsychological functioning, but self-ratings of depression, anxiety, and quality of life remained stable over time. Carer mood and stress levels also remained stable. At least in the earlier stages of dementia, it should not be assumed that awareness will inevitably decrease as dementia progresses.
Sperm DNA fragmentation measured by Halosperm does not impact on embryo quality and ongoing pregnancy rates in IVF/ICSI treatments

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been proposed to be one of the main markers regarding male infertility. A prospective study was performed to assess primarily whether sperm DNA damage has any impact on embryological data and secondarily on pregnancy rates. This prospective study evaluated the sperm DNA damage in fresh ejaculated sperm samples from couples undergoing IVF/ICSI treatments, using the improved SCD method, known as Halosperm®. The results were evaluated by performing statistical analysis with the statistical package of SPSS v17. A total of 156 fresh semen samples derived from 156 couples undergoing 156 IVF/ICSI cycles. From the 156 couples, 139 finally reached the embryo transfer (ET) procedure. Overall, SDF did not correlate with embryological data, while ongoing pregnancy rate/ET was 21.6%. SDF only correlated with sperm characteristics. After the categorisation of SDF (≤35% and >35%), according to the specific references of the method used, embryological data were comparable as also ongoing pregnancy rates. Using the SCD method, sperm DNA damage is associated neither with embryological data nor to pregnancy rates. However, we should not rule out the fact that extremely high DNA damages are associated with total pregnancy failure.
Pregnancy in association with a newly diagnosed cancer: A population‐based epidemiologic assessment

Cancer patients who were pregnant at the time of cancer diagnosis were identified by the National Cancer Registry of the German Democratic Republic for the years 1970 through 1979. A total of 355 such cases occurred in women aged 15‐44, and during the same period 2,103,112 live births were registered. Rank by site in order of decreasing frequency was cervix, breast, ovary, lymphoma, melanoma, brain and leukemia. On the basis of general female population rates, 555.8 cases were expected, giving a significantly reduced observed to expected ratio (O/E) of 0.64. O/E ratios rose with age. The O/E for invasive carcinoma of the cervix was significantly elevated at 1.15; carcinoma in situ of the cervix occurred significantly less frequently than expected (O/E = 0.57). For breast, brain, melanoma and leukemia, significantly fewer cases were observed than expected. Explanations considered for the low number of pregnancy‐associated incident cancer cases include underreporting of pregnancy‐associated cancer, altered tumor progression in pregnancy or decreased fertility in women with early neoplastic disease.
Research on the applicability of international databases to fossil fuel emission in China

ABSTRACT The accuracy of carbon emissions statistics is a prerequisite for low-carbon development research. There are nearly 10 institutions in the world that have conducted in-depth studies on the carbon emissions of various countries; however, the accounting results of different databases are not the same and the analyses mainly focus on qualitative comparison. In order to clarify the source of databases’ difference in practical application, a quantitative applicability evaluation methodology has been built, which takes the data's scope, consistency and authority as the criterion, and combines the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy integrated evaluation, enabling an applicability analysis of different databases on parameter level. Based on the emission characteristics of fossil fuel in China, the evaluation system has been applied to four core databases. The corresponding applicability to China, in descending order, is the International Energy Agency (IEA), Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), Energy Information Administration (EIA) and Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Furthermore, by identifying the advantages/disadvantages of databases’ accounting of China's emissions, several suggestions on activity data, emission coefficients and supporting evaluation are proposed, aiming to provide references for the construction of a comprehensive database on carbon emissions in China.
The Audience-Oriented Editor

Spurred by the increasingly central role of audience metrics in the editorial process, a new set of roles is being introduced in the newsroom primarily focused on navigating audience data. This paper aims to understand these emerging audience-oriented roles and to what extent considerations of the audience figures in editorial choices. This paper draws from a set of 15 in-depth interviews with engagement editors, social media editors and audience editors from different media systems around the world. Three major findings emerge: First, the definition of engagement is almost entirely centered on different types of metrics. Second, while audience-oriented editors take part in the editorial process, their role is to help journalists negotiate between the information obtained by their metrics and their journalistic intuition to make editorial decisions. Third, there is a lack of cohesiveness regarding what these newsroom positions are and how they operate. The paper contributes to the growing literature on the pervasiveness of metrics and quantification of journalistic processes by offering a more nuanced understanding of a new set of editorial roles.
Usefulness of translocation‐associated immunohistochemical stains in the fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms

Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is challenging due to cytologic overlap with one another and with other salivary gland tumors having prominent epithelial and myoepithelial components. Recognition of characteristic chromosomal aberrations in several salivary gland tumors, including PA and ACC, has the potential to resolve diagnostic uncertainty, but molecular diagnostics are not routinely available. To leverage these molecular alterations, the authors examined a panel of commercially available immunostains directed at commonly overexpressed proteins in translocation‐associated PA (PLAG1 and HMGA2) and ACC (MYB) to assess their diagnostic usefulness.
Music Reduces Patient Anxiety During Mohs Surgery: An Open‐Label Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Many patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) experience anxiety and stress. Although music has been proven to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation in other fields of medicine, scant research investigates the effect of music on anxiety during MMS. OBJECTIVES To determine whether music can reduce anxiety in patients undergoing MMS. METHODS AND MATERIALS An open‐labeled randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess anxiety before and after listening to music. Subjects undergoing MMS were randomly allocated to listen to self‐selected music (n = 50) or to have surgery without music (n = 50). Anxiety was measured using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and on a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS Subjects in the music group experienced statistically significantly lower STAI and VAS scores than those in the control group. STAI and VAS scores were significantly lower in subjects who underwent MMS for the first time. Anxiety measures did not correlate with sex or type of skin cancer. CONCLUSION Listening to self‐selected music reduces anxiety in patients undergoing MMS, especially those who undergo MMS for the first time. Presenting patients the opportunity to listen to music is a simple strategy to minimize anxiety during MMS.