Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological disturbances and behavioural impairment associated with the incidental capture of freshwater turtles in a commercial fyke-net fishery

Turtles are caught as bycatch in commercial fisheries in both inland and marine waters. Turtle mortality associated with bycatch is concerning, as life-history characteristics of tur- tles, including high juvenile mortality and delayed sexual maturity, make them particularly sus- ceptible to population declines following small increases in adult mortality. In eastern Ontario, Canada, freshwater turtles are encountered as bycatch in an inland commercial fyke-net fishery. Although some temperate turtle species can tolerate prolonged submergence, their ability to with- stand submergence decreases as water temperatures increase such that turtles may experience severe physiological disturbances and mortality following prolonged forced submergence. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the sublethal physiological consequences and related be - havioural impairments associated with fyke-net capture for 3 species of freshwater turtles (eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus, northern map turtle Graptemys geographica and painted turtle Chrysemys picta). Individuals that were entrapped for 3 h at elevated water temperatures (23 to 29°C) displayed considerably higher blood lactate and lower blood pH compared to free- living individuals. This trend was consistent across species and sexes. Despite having the largest increase in blood lactate, musk turtles did not exhibit behavioural impairment from entrapment, whereas both map and painted turtles displayed low responsiveness to behavioural assessments following entrapment. Our results suggest that sub-lethal responses can be used to identify poten- tial harm or fitness impacts even in the absence of immediate mortality. Assessment of behav- ioural impairments, which could compromise activity and potentially result in post-release mortal- ity, is important for protected and at-risk species that exhibit high juvenile mortality and delayed sexual maturity.
STORAGE CONDITION AND PERIOD EFFECT ON THE DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF IRREVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of brand, holding solution and storage periods on dimensional stability of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials. Impressions were taken from a master maxillary typodont, using a newly designed device and five different irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials. A total of 245 impressions were taken and divided into a control group, two main groups and three subgroups through storing procedure and time. Stone models were obtained for each model and five different dimensions were measured and compared to each other. Comparison of the groups according to brand of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials showed statistically significant differences. While the storage period was statistically important at all distances, storage condition was significant only at some distances. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials can be stored in holding solution or sealed plastic bags up to two weeks. Type of the impression material, storage condition and storage period may affect dimensions.
Fusarium graminearum growth inhibition mechanism using phenolic compounds from Spirulina sp

The application of natural antifungal substances is motivated by the need for alternatives to existing methods that are not always applicable, efficient, or that do not pose risk to consumers or the environment. Furthermore, studies on the behaviour of toxigenic species in the presence of natural fungicides have enabled their safe application in the food chain In this study, Spirulina LEB-18 phenolic extract was assessed for its antifungal activity on 12 toxigenic strains of Fusarium graminearum isolated from barley and wheat. The susceptible metabolic pathways were assessed through the determination of structural compounds (glucosamine and ergosterol) and enzyme activity of the microorganisms' primary metabolism. The results indicate that phenolic extracts reduced the growth rate of the toxigenic species investigated. The IC50 was obtained by applying 3 to 8% (p/p) of phenolic compounds in relation to the culture medium. The use of this natural fungicide proved promising for the inhibition of fungal multiplication, especially in terms of the inactivation of enzymatic systems (amylase and protease) of Fusarium graminearum.
Impact evaluation of programme review at University of Stuttgart (Germany)

ABSTRACT The article reports on a case study of impact evaluation of internal quality assurance, i.e. Programme Reviews, which was carried out by the Evaluation Agency Baden-Wuerttemberg and the Staff Unit of Quality Development at University of Stuttgart (Germany) in the form of a methodological before-after comparison. The impact evaluation exhibits that the external evaluations of Programme Reviews were in tune with the idea of a ‘critical friend’ approach, stressing the positive aspects while including some constructive criticism. It is shown that the evaluations initiated intended constructive discussions about the programmes, while the integration of internal and external evaluations in the Programme Review needs to be improved. A further related result is that programmes need more extensive feedback to improve acceptance from critical corners. Finally, a series of open answers gives indications for possible improvement of the university's quality assurance and organizational structures, including a better and fair integration of students in quality assurance and a more strategic orientation/integration of teaching and learning.
Pancreatic fistula and mortality after surgical management of pancreatic trauma: analysis of 81 consecutive patients during 11 years at a Korean trauma center

Purpose Pancreatic trauma is infrequent because of its central, deep anatomical position. This contributes to a lack of surgeon experience and many debates exist about its standard care. This study aimed to investigate the postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and mortality of pancreatic trauma after operation. Methods We reviewed records in the trauma registry of our institution submitted from January 2006 to December 2016. The grade of pancreatic injury, surgical management, morbidity, mortality, and other clinical variables included in the analyses. Results Data from a total of 26,072 trauma patients admitted to the Emergency Department were analyzed. Pancreatic trauma was observed in 114 of these patients (0.44%). Laparotomy was performed in 81 patients (2 pan creatico duodenectomies, 2 pancreaticogastrostomies, peripancreatic drainage in 41 patients, distal pancreatectomies in 34 patients, and 9 patients who underwent surgery for damage control). The incidence of POPF was 38.3%. The overall mortality was 8.8% (7 of 81). In multivariate analysis, pancreas injury grade IV (≥4) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.071; P = 0.029) and preoperative peritonitis signs (AOR, 2.903; P = 0.039) were independent risk factors for POPF. All patients who died had also another major abdominal injury (≥grade 3). Multiorgan failure was a major cause of death (6 of 7, 85.7%). The mortality rate of isolated pancreas injury was 0%. Conclusion The pancreas injury grade and preoperative peritonitis were significant risk factors of POPF. The mortality rate of isolated pancreatic trauma was very low.
The occurrence and dynamics of Ligula intestinalis in its cyprinid fish host, tench, Tinca tinca, in Mogan Lake (Ankara, Turkey)

Although Ligula intestinalis (L., 1758) has been recorded in several fish hosts, available data on the parasitization parameters of Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids such as prevalence, mean intensity and parasitic index in tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) is limited. In this study, totally 272 fishes were investigated for the presence of L. intestinalis plerocercoids. The prevalence value was 40.01% of the whole fish sample and the mean intensity was 2.48. The lower IP values and mean intensity levels may provide some evidence of the strategy of Ligula in order to complete its life cycle. None of the parasitization parameters showed significant differences between the sexes.
Factors Influencing Postrelease Predation for a Catch‐And‐Release Tropical Flats Fishery with a High Predator Burden

AbstractPostrelease predation (PRP) of fishes released by anglers is a potentially significant contributor to overall mortality in recreational fisheries. We quantified PRP and examined the impacts of handling and release practices on Shortjaw Bonefish Albula glossodonta, a species of shallow-water Pacific bonefish that supports a recreational fishery throughout its range and is emerging as recreationally important to the economy in Anaa Atoll, French Polynesia. We caught, released, and monitored the postrelease movements of Shortjaw Bonefish on the shallow flats of Anaa Atoll via recreational angling gear and small floats attached to the bonefish. Using Cox proportional hazards regression of our observations of PRP we tested how handling practices (air exposure) and release strategies (retained for a short period versus immediate release) influenced the probability of PRP. There was some evidence that air exposure increased susceptibility to PRP. However, retention in a recovery bag for 30 min did not re.
Organizational Injustice and Psychological Strain.

Tout en considerant l'injustice percue comme une forme de stress et en tenant compte de la variable de l'insecurite d'emploi, nous avons examine les relations principales et interactives propres aux injustices en matiere d'interaction, de procedure et de categorie, et la fatigue psychologique. Une analyse de regression multiple soumise a un echantillon de 1 083 employes du gouvernement nous a permis de demontrer que les injustices en matiere d'interaction, de procedure et de categorie sont toutes des variables independantes de la fatigue psychologique qui peuvent expliquer une variance unique significative differente de celle de l'insecurite d'emploi. Les personnes qui percoivent, dans leur milieu de travail, un plus grand nombre d'injustices en matiere d'interaction, de procedure et de categorie rapportent une fatigue plus intense. Cependant, aucun effet interactif significatif n'a ete observe, ce qui donne a penser que ces trois categories d'injustice percue n'interviennent pas dans la prediction des symptomes de fatigue psychologique.
Challenges in Genomic Privacy : An Analysis of Surname Attacks in the Population of Britain 1 Sahel

In 2013, Gymrek et al. reported that personal genomes can be re-identified through surname inference using patrilineal information inherent in the Y chromosome. They highlighted that the attack is based on freely available resources. This finding has raised significant concerns about the privacy of participants in genomic studies and genomic privacy in general. However, the findings are much less clear cut than the high profile nature of the paper might suggest and the experiments reported in the paper are somewhat ad hoc. Therefore, a more thorough analysis of the risk of privacy breaches of genomic data through surname inference is desirable. The current paper analyses this risk in the British population. Our work demonstrates: (i) that although re-identifying personal genomes by surname inference attack is possible, the risk is relatively low in the population of Britain and crucially dependent on the scale of external resources used to perform the attack; (ii) that many different factors influence the risk and so the risk of re-identifying genomic data via this route is specific to each genomic dataset and hence the risk should be assessed for every dataset individually and (iii) that attaching geo-demographic metadata to genomic data could greatly facilitate re-identification and so we advise that caution should be adopted with such attachments.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in powdered infant milk: paratuberculosis in cattle - the public health problem to be solved 1

Fifty one products of dried milk baby food purchased from 10 producers from seven countries available on the Czech market have been tested. IS900, the specific fragments for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have been detected using PCR in 25 samples (49.0 %) and fragment f57 by real time PCR in 18 samples (35.3%). These results correspond to the epidemiological situation in Europe and are not unexpected. Paratuberculosis in cattle was almost unknown in the Czech Republic until 1990. An increase in the number of cows with paratuberculosis found in slaughterhouses and the incidence of Crohn's disease in the last decade is evident. The possible risk of MAP dead cells or bacterial structures in food is discussed in respect to autoimmune Crohn's disease. The national programmes of paratuberculosis control and certification of paratuberculosis-free herds should be strongly supported to decrease the risk for children and other people under higher risk. Producers should use MAP free milk for baby food production on a voluntary basis.
Protective effects of the antioxidants curcumin, ellagic acid and methionine on motility, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity in freeze-thawed Merino ram sperm.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of curcumin, ellagic acid and methionine on sperm parameters following the freeze-thawing of Merino ram semen. Ejaculates were collected via an artificial vagina from four Merino rams, evaluated microscopically and pooled at 37 °C. The pooled semen samples were diluted in a Tris-based extender and separated into groups containing curcumin (1, 2, 4mM), ellagic acid (1, 2, 4mM), methionine (1, 2, 4mM) and no antioxidant (control). The diluted semen was cooled to 5 °C slowly and equilibrated for 3 h. After the equilibration, the samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour, and plunged into liquid nitrogen (–196 °C) for storage. Frozen straws were thawed at 37 °C for 30 s in a water bath for microscopic sperm evaluation, individually. All antioxidants led to a higher percentage of sperm motility in comparison to the control group. The freezing extender supplemented with methionine (1mM), curcumin (1 and 2mM) and ellagic acid (1 and 2mM) led to higher percentage of sperm plasma membrane integrity when compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Antioxidant supplementation also resulted in a higher percentage of sperm acrosome integrity in comparison to the control. Methionine, curcumin and ellagic acid (1mM: 27.7 ± 2.4, 28.0 ± 2.1 and 26.8 ± 2.0) groups provided higher protection in terms of sperm mitochondrial activity when compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The findings of this study show that varying concentrations of curcumin, methionine and ellagic acid have markedly different effects on the spermatological variables under study.
Unpalatable prey resolves the paradox of enrichment

Enrichment is an increasingly serious trend in natural ecosystems. A theoretical model of a predator–prey system with a natural assumption of satiation in predation predicts that enrichment causes the populations to fluctuate to stochastic extinction. However, this ‘paradox of enrichment’ does not always occur in experimental and natural communities. Here we present a theoretical model that describes a novel mechanism for resolving the paradox in the case of a predator with optimal selective feeding. Specifically, a less profitable but edible (thus ‘unpalatable’) prey species sharply reduces the amplitude of population oscillations and firmly prevents the minimum abundances of species from falling below certain values. The presence of such an unpalatable prey thus guarantees the robustness of the system against enrichment.
Frequency, composition and stability of associations among individual largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at diel, daily and seasonal scales

A whole-lake acoustic telemetry observatory situated in eastern Ontario was used to continuously monitor the three-dimensional position of 20 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) over a 120-h period during the winter and a separate 120-h period during the early spring. These data were used to evaluate the frequency and stability of associations among fish to provide an understanding of seasonal aggregations and the sociobiology of largemouth bass. The temporal and spatial proximity of each fish relative to the other 19 individuals was assessed and, based on our definition of spatial/temporal proximity (i.e., two fish having an average hourly position <2 m apart), associations were shown to vary among fish, as well as diurnally, daily and seasonally. Associations during the winter were found to be more stable and involved fewer fish than associations during the spring. Of those fish that formed pair aggregations during the winter and spring study periods, male-female pairs occurred more often than male-male and female-female pairs. Our analysis also demonstrated that associations occurred primarily during daylight hours, suggesting that fish may use visual cues to form these aggregations.
Hepatopancreatic ganglioneuroma in a young dog: a case report

The clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of a hepatobiliary and pancreatic gangli- oneuroma in a seven-month-old dog are described. The dog presented progressive weight loss, anorexia and abdominal pain. At laparoscopic examination numerous whitish nodules ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter were found in the peripancreatic tissues, the bile duct system and perihepatic tissues. Due to poor prognosis the dog was euthanized and necropsy was conducted. Tumour nodules were not noted in the other examined abdominal organs. Microscopically, the nodules were composed of large, well differentiated neurons embedded in an abundant stroma of nerve fibres and connective fibrous tissue. Through immunohistochemistry analysis, neurons were found to express neurofilaments and did not express S-100 protein. The histopathological and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. This case is atypical as the majority of reported canine ganglioneuromas involve the gastrointestinal tract. The early age of the dog is also considered to be atypical for this tumour.
Morphological Characteristics of Malaysian National Cricket Batsmen

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological characteristics and physical strength of the Malaysian cricket batsmen. Methods: Twenty four top order batsmen from the Malaysian senior, under-19s and under-16s cricket team were recruited for the study. Twenty six anthropometric, four somatotype and two physical strength variables were measured from all participants. Stature were measured by using stadiometer, calipers for skin-fold, non-stretch tape for girth, sliding caliper for segmental lengths and circumferences (breadths) and dynamometers for hand grip and back strength. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyses significant between group differences in the variables. Results: The senior batsmen were significantly higher than under-19s and under-16s in body mass, relax and flex arm girths, forearm girth, chest girth, waist girth, calf girth, bi-acromial breadth, transvers breadth and hand grip strength. Both senior and under-19s batsmen were significantly higher than under-16s batsmen in arm span, total arm length, humerus and femur breadths. The under-16s batsmen were also significantly lesser than senior in hip girths, hand lengths and bi-ilocrist breadth, and from under-19s in sitting height and total leg length. Conclusion: Senior batsmen were significantly higher in the anthropometric measurement of girths, breadth and lengths than U-16 because of 10 years age difference. Future research is essential to confirm the relationship between the anthropometric characteristics of batsmen with the batting technique and performance.
Voluntary institutions and behaviours as alternatives to formal regulations in recreational fisheries management

Traditional regulatory options (formal institutions) imposed by government agencies such as harvest and gear restrictions represent the standard in recreational fisheries management, at least in developed countries. However, there exist a number of alternatives including the use of angler education programmes that attempt to evoke voluntary changes in angler behaviour, resulting in the emergence of voluntarily motivated resource-conserving informal institutions. These ‘softer’ approaches to aquatic stewardship and fisheries management can be developed in cooperation with stakeholders and in many cases are led by avid anglers and angling groups. Examples of such measures include voluntary sanctuaries, informally enforced seasonal closures, personal daily bag limits, self-imposed constraints on gear, development of entirely live-release fisheries, and adoption of fish and aquatic ecosystem conservation-oriented gears and release practices. Education efforts that provide anglers with knowledge on best practices and empower them to modify their behaviour hold great promise to meet formal management goals and objectives, but seem to be underutilized relative to formal regulations. This article highlights the benefits and challenges of relying on informal institutions as alternatives to traditional regulatory options. Informal institutions that protect resources and help overfished stocks recover hold great promise in both developed and developing countries, particularly when there is a single stakeholder group or when the capacity to enforce traditional regulations or to invest in stock assessments is limited. Informal institutions may help make formal institutions more effective or can even be alternatives to costly institutions that depend on enforcement to be effective.
Effects of replacing dietary fat with lecithin on broiler chicken zootechnical performance

« L'objectif de cette etude est de rechercher les effets sur la croissance des poulets d'une supplementation alimentaire en lecithine de soja utilisee comme substitut de l'huile de soja ou de suif. Quatre cent poussins de 5 jours ont ete repartis en 4 groupes egaux et ont recu un aliment de demarrage pendant 17 jours puis un aliment de croissance pendant 14 jours dans lesquels l'huile de soja a ete remplacee par de la lecithine de soja avec un coefficient de remplacement de 0% (groupe controle, n = 100), 25% (groupe SL1, n = 100), de 50% (groupe SL2, n = 100). Un dernier groupe a recu comme matieres grasses ajoutees un melange a part egale de suif et de lecithine (groupe TL, n = 100). Bien que les oiseaux aient presente des poids corporels comparables a la fin de l'etude, une faible augmentation du gain de poids quotidien a ete constatee dans le groupe SL pendant la periode de croissance tandis que ce parametre etait reduit dans le groupe TL. Meme si la consommation alimentaire a baisse durant les periodes de demarrage et de croissance ainsi que de facon cumulee sur toute la duree de l'experience, aucune amelioration significative du taux de conversion alimentaire n'a ete obtenue. En revanche, la prise alimentaire a significativement augmente dans le groupe TL et a conduit a des elevations significatives du taux de conversion alimentaire. En conclusion, la substitution de l'huile de soja par de la lecithine dans l'aliment n'a pas nettement ameliore l'assimilation intestinale des lipides par les oisillons et n'a pas abouti a accroitre leurs performances zootechniques.