Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning of Children with Hemophilia

ABSTRACT. This study examines the social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of children with hemophilia. Data were collected in the homes and schools of 40 boys with hemophilia and 40 comparison boys of the same race and age. Data on social, emotional, and behavioral functioning were collected from teachers, classmates, parents, and the participants. Children with hemophilia scored comparably with comparison peers in all areas of social functioning but reported more difficulties with emotional well-being, including more depressive symptomatology and lower self-perceptions. Parent report also indicated more difficulties with emotional well-being. Parents did not report significant differences in externalizing behavior problems. In conclusion, children with hemophilia were not found to be at increased risk of social or behavioral difficulties. However, both children with hemophilia and their parents identified more difficulties with emotional well-being. Nevertheless, approximately all mean scores for both groups remained within the normal range.
Relationship Between Persistent Negative Symptoms and Findings of Neurocognition and Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms are defined as loss or reduction of otherwise present behaviors or functions in illness situation, and they have constituted an important aspect of schizophrenia. Although negative symptoms have usually been considered as a single entity, neurobiological investigations yielded discrepant results. To overcome challenges that derive from this discrepancy, researchers have proposed several approaches to structure negative symptoms into more homogenous constructs. Concept of persistent negative symptoms (PNS) is one of the proposed approaches, and includes both primary and secondary negative symptoms that persist after adequate treatment. PNS is relatively easy to assess, and by definition, more inclusive; yet it represents an unmet therapeutic need. Therefore, it is a target of several neurobiological and pharmacological studies. There are several structural and functional brain alterations associated with negative symptoms. On the other hand, neurocognitive investigations in patients with schizophrenia have revealed deficits in several domains that showed correlations with negative symptoms. There are several shared features between negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia such as prevalence rates, course through the illness, prognostic importance, and impact on social functioning. However, exact mechanisms behind the neurobiology of PNS and how it interacts with neurocognition remain to be explained. Earlier reviews on neuroimaging and neurocognitive correlates of PNS have been focused on studies with broadly defined negative symptoms that were selected by methodological closeness to PNS. In this review, we focus on neural correlates and neurocognitive associations of PNS, and we discuss PNS findings available to date.
Spontaneous frequency of micronuclei among the newborns from high level natural radiation areas of Kerala in the southwest coast of India

Purpose: The present study was an attempt to determine the spontaneous frequency of micronuclei (MN) in newborns from High Level Natural Radiation Areas (HLNRA) and the adjoining Normal Level Radiation Areas (NLNRA) of the monazite-bearing Kerala Coast in Southern West India using Cytochalasin Blocked Micronuclei (CBMN) assay. Materials and methods: Human umbilical cord blood samples were collected from a total number of 271 newborns (61 from NLNRA and 210 from HLNRA), born to mothers aged between 17 and 37 years (mean maternal age: 24.08 ± 4.23 years). Lymphocyte cultures were set up following microculture techniques and cultures were terminated at 72 hours. Cytochalasin B at a concentration of 4.0 μg/ml was added to the lymphocyte cultures at 44 h. Enumeration of micronuclei was restricted to Cytochalasin Blocked binucleated (BN) cells only. Results: The frequency of MN among the newborns from NLNRA (1.40 ± 0.12) per 1000 BN cells was not statistically significant as compared to HLNRA newborns (1.33 ± 0.04) per 1000 BN cells. Our data did not show any radiation dose response. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) have been calculated to see statistical significance in the mean MN frequency among the newborns from various dose groups with respect to control and it did not reveal any significant difference (p > 0.05). A marginal increase in the frequency of micronuclei was observed among the female newborns as compared to males with increasing mothers' age groups except for the mothers aged > 30 years, though not statistically significant. Conclusion: The baseline frequency of micronuclei in HLNRA newborns is not statistically different from NLNRA newborns suggesting that elevated level of naturally occurring radiation has no significant effect on the induction of micronuclei frequency among the newborns.
OVIPOSITION ACCEPTANCE AND FECUNDITY SCHEDULE IN THE CACTOPHILIC SIBLING SPECIES DROSOPHILA BUZZATII AND D. KOEPFERAE ON THEIR NATURAL HOSTS

Abstract We tested for the occurrence of oviposition acceptance for different media prepared with cactus tissues of three alternative cactus hosts: Opuntia sulphurea, O. quimilo and Trichocereus terschekii for 4 consecutive days in lines of two Drosophila buzzatii populations and one population of D. koepferae. Our results showed that the former laid significantly more eggs on both Opuntia cacti than on T. terschekii, whereas D. koepferae preferred T. terschekii. In addition, fecundity schedules differed between species: D. buzzatii laid similar numbers of eggs along the four-day sampling period, whereas D. koepferae showed an oviposition peak on the second day of egg collection on T. terschekii. We suggest that the between-species disparities observed in oviposition acceptance and fecundity schedule may be related to the temporal and spatial predictability of Opuntia versus T. terschekii (cardón) as part of the different adaptive strategies that have evolved after the split of D. koepferae and D. buzzatii from their recent common ancestor. Therefore, the willingness to accept hosts would be an important factor in the habitat selection and in the maintenance of species diversity. Corresponding Editor: M. Noor
PHOTOPERIODIC INDUCTION OF OVARIAN MATURATION IN CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS CLARKII IS MEDIATED BY EXTRARETINAL PHOTORECEPTION

The current study was carried out to investigate whether thephotoperiodic induction of ovarian maturation in crayfish is based on a photosensitiverhythm related to extraretinal photoreceptors. To test this, two batches of61 juvenile crayfish Procambarus clarkiiconsisting of intact organisms and animals lacking retina and lamina were exposed to 24hlight-dark cycles of different photoperiodic schedules based on a night-breakprotocol for 3 months. Both batches of crayfish showed the greatest ovarianmaturation (size, color, degree and size of oocytes) when the light pulseinterrupted the scotophase at 21:00 and 05:00, showing a bimodal photoinduciblerhythm. Results of the current study indicate that crayfish ovarian maturationdepends on a photoinducible rhythm with two possible states that is relatedto the circadian clock of crayfish. This phenomenon is mediated by extraretinalphotoreceptors. Results are interpreted in the light of models of externalcoincidence. (Chronobiology International, 18(3),423–434, 2001)
Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound.

BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic paralysis is an uncommon, yet underdiagnosed cause of dyspnea. Data regarding the time course and potential for recovery has come from a few small case series. The methods that have been traditionally employed to diagnose diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis are either invasive or limited in sensitivity and specificity. A new technique utilizing two-dimensional, B-mode ultrasound (US) measurements of diaphragm muscle thickening during inspiration (Deltatdi%) has been validated in the diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis (DP). The purpose of this study was to assess whether serial US evaluation might be utilized to monitor the potential recovery of diaphragm function. METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients with clinically suspected DP were referred to the pulmonary physiology laboratory. Sixteen patients were found to have DP by US (unilateral, 10 patients; bilateral, 6 patients). Subjects were followed up for up to 60 months. On initial and subsequent visits, Deltatdi% was measured by US. Additional measurements included upright and supine vital capacity (VC), maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), and maximal expiratory pressure. RESULTS Eleven of 16 patients functionally recovered from DP. The mean (+/- SD) recovery time was 14.9 +/- 6.1 months. No diaphragm thickening was noted in those patients who did not recover. Positive correlations were found between improvement in Deltatdi% and interval changes in VC, Pimax, and end-expiratory measurements of diaphragm thickness. CONCLUSIONS US may be used to assess for potential functional recovery from diaphragm weakness or DP. As in previous series, recovery occurs in a substantial number of individuals, but recovery time may be prolonged.
Skin Antifreeze Protein Genes of the Winter Flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, Encode Distinct and Active Polypeptides without the Secretory Signal and Prosequences (*)

Distinct antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) were isolated from the skin of the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, by gel filtration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. In parallel, several cDNA clones were isolated from a skin cDNA library using a liver AFP cDNA probe. Both protein and DNA sequence analyses indicate that flounder skin contains several distinct but homologous alanine-rich AFPs. Although the skin type AFPs contain 11 similar amino acid repeats found in the secretory liver type AFPs, the skin type AFPs are mature polypeptides lacking both the signal and prosequences, indicating that they may function intracellularly. The skin type AFP is significantly less active in thermal hysteretic activity than the liver type AFP. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that like the liver type AFP genes, there are multiple copies (30-40 copies) of skin type AFP. Although the liver type AFP genes are specifically expressed in the liver and to a lesser extent in intestine, the skin type AFP genes are expressed in all tissues examined including the liver and abundantly in exterior tissues, i.e. skin, scales, fin, and gills, suggesting an important protecting role in these exterior tissues.
Aplastic anemia complicating orthotopic liver transplantation

The clinical characteristics and outcome of posttransplantation aplastic anemia (AA) were determined in 12 of 1,736 patients (0.007%) undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) that were afflicted with AA. None of the affected patients had a history of hematologic disease. Median patient age was 53 years (range, 2‐61 years); 10 of the affected patients were men, and 2 were women. The etiologies of AA included non‐A, non‐B, non‐C fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) (3 patients), graft‐versus‐host disease (4 patients), Parvovirus‐induced (1 patient), and idiopathic (4 patients). The median duration between OLT and the onset of AA was 12 days (range, 11‐14 days) in the 3 patients undergoing OLT for FHF; in contrast, AA developed in the other 9 patients at 37 days (range, 27‐51 days) after OLT. Eleven patients were treated with reduction of their cyclosporine or tacrolimus dosage, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, anti‐thymocyte globulin, and Solumedrol. Two of the 3 patients developing AA following OLT for FHF achieved hematologic recovery 21 and 92 days after diagnosis. In contrast, all 9 non‐FHF patients developing AA after OLT died, 5 due to infectious complications and 4 following intracranial bleeding. AA is an unusual complication of OLT. In the setting of FHF, it affects young males in the early posttransplantation period, and, when infectious complications can be avoided, remission and stable allograft function can be anticipated. However, in the non‐FHF patient, AA occurs in older individuals later in the posttransplantation period and has a uniformly poor outcome.
česká dezinflace a hrubý domácí produkt [Czech disinflation and gross domestic product]

The first part of the paper characterizes the main features of the czech macroeconomic development in the time period 1995:I - 1999:III. Cross-correlograms of net inflation, adjusted inflation and producer price index on the one side and explanatory variables: wage gap, broad money, nominal rate of exchange and index of world prices of raw materials and foodstaffs on the other side show the correlations with different time lags. In the second part the dynamic model for an open economy with government sector has been constructed and several simulation exercises imitating Czech macroeconomic development have been made. The role of the slope of the short term Phillips curve (3 different coefficients) and that of expectations formation including direct inflation targeting has been analysed. The impact of favourable supply shocks and the response of extinguishing, neutral and accommodating aggregate demand policies has concluded the paper.
Alcohol and all-cause mortality in Europe 1982-1990: a pooled cross-section time-series analysis.

AIM To test the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. DESIGN DATA Yearly mortality rates and per capita consumption from 25 European countries between 1982 and 1990. STATISTICAL MODELS: This paper employs time-series cross-sectional data to model the relationships between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. The data are derived from 25 European countries in the 1980s. The statistical analyses controlling cross-sectional correlation and timewise autoregression were used to implement the econometric modelling. FINDINGS Increases (decreases) in the per capita consumption of 1 litre of pure alcohol were associated with increases (decreases) of 1.3% in all-cause mortality rates. The beverage-specific analyses indicated a significant relationship between consumption of beer and all-cause mortality only. CONCLUSION The data show that per capita alcohol consumption, according to reported levels in Europe, is related to all-cause mortality and is thus of relevance to public health.
I was told it restarts your brain: knowledge, power, and women’s experiences of ECT

Abstract Background: A discrepancy exists between clinician-led studies of people’s experience of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and consumer-led studies, with the former typically being much more positive about the efficacy and side effects of ECT compared with the latter. Qualitative in-depth explorations of people’s experiences of ECT are relatively rare, particularly those looking specifically at women’s experience of ECT. Aims: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore women’s experiences of ECT, particularly their experience of knowledge and power related to ECT. Results: Qualitative analysis of the interviews with nine women resulted in four main themes emerging from the interviews with the women: (i) “he really didn’t say much,” (ii) “I’m going to be very upset with you,” (iii) “I was just desperate,” and (iv) “it was like we were cattle. ” Conclusions: Overall, participants found their experiences with ECT to be quite negative, and characterized by a lack of knowledge during the procedure, and a lack of power throughout the entire process.
Evaluation of Optimal Network Reliability Under Components-Assignments Subject to a Transmission Budget

Network reliability evaluation for flow networks is an important issue in quality management. Many real-life systems can be modeled as stochastic-flow networks, in which each branch is multistate due to complete failure, partial failure, maintenance, etc. That is, each branch has several capacities with a probability distribution, and may fail. Hence, network reliability is the probability that a specified flow can be transmitted through the network successfully. Although there are many researches related to the evaluation of network reliability for a stochastic-flow network, how to assign a set of multistate components to the network so that the network reliability is maximal is never discussed. Therefore, this paper devotes to evaluating the optimal network reliability under components-assignments subject to a transmission budget, in which the transmission cost depends on each component's capacity. The network reliability under a components-assignment can be computed in terms of minimal paths, and state-space decomposition. Subsequently, we propose an optimization method based on a genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be executed efficiently in a reasonable time.
Dyskeratosis Congenita or Chronic Graft‐versus‐Host Disease? A Diagnostic Dilemma in a Child Eight Years After Bone Marrow Transplantation for Aplastic Anemia

Abstract: A 12‐year‐old boy had striking reticulate hyper pigmentation of the neck and upper chest, dystrophic nails, patchy alopecia, and a white streak on the buccai mucosa. He was diagnosed as having chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) based on clinical findings, skin biopsy findings, and his history of a bone marrow transplantation for apiastic anemia eight years earlier. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) was not a diagnostic consideration, although the clinical findings and history of aplastic anemia made it a compelling possibility. This case highlights the clinical similarities between DC and chronic GVHD and the difficulty in arriving at an unequivocal diagnosis.
Correction of Sampler-to-Sampler Comparisons Based on Aerosol Size Distribution

This article explains a simple method for correcting a sampler-to-sampler ratio for changes in size distribution by computing a bias factor that relates the measured ratio with a ratio determined from equations that describe the collection efficiency curves of the samplers while taking size distribution into account. Laboratory trials were conducted to determine whether the resulting bias factor is independent of aerosol size distribution. During these studies, a 3-piece cassette and respirable cyclone were compared with an inhalable sampler in both a still-air chamber and a moving-air chamber operated at 0.2 m/sec and 1.0 m/sec. An ISO test dust of various size fractions was generated to produce an aerosol with mass median aerodynamic diameter ranging from 1.4 μm to 10.1 μm. An organic dust consisting of ground grain material was also applied to the still-air chamber to demonstrate differences between dust types. Results showed that the bias value was significantly different between dust types for both the cyclone/ inhalable (p=0.001) and cassette/inhalable (p=0.033) comparisons but was not different between wind conditions for either comparison. All but one comparison had insignificant slopes when comparing the bias value with median diameter, indicating that the bias value could be used to correct for size distributions in most conditions. However, bias values determined when comparing the cyclone with the inhalable sampler in the still-air condition produced a positive slope for median diameters less than 4μm(p=0.008). Further research is needed to determine why the actual cyclone/inhalable ratio decreases relative to the expected ratio as the proportion of respirable particles increases. These results suggest that, for most conditions, the size-distribution compensation can be applied to sampler-to-sampler correlations provided that the original comparison was performed with the same dust type.
Relation of body mass index, periodontitis and Tannerella forsythia.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there were differences in periodontal status and the composition of the subgingival microbiota in individuals who exhibited different body mass indices (BMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-one periodontally healthy/gingivitis and 574 chronic periodontitis subjects had height and weight determined and were measured for probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival redness and presence of visible plaque. Subgingival plaque samples taken from each tooth were individually analysed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Crude odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of overweight and obese individuals exhibiting periodontitis were 3.1 (1.9-4.8) and 5.3 (2.8-9.5), respectively, when compared with subjects with normal BMI. Logistic regression analysis indicated an OR (95% CI) of 2.3 (1.2-4.5) for an obese subject to exhibit periodontitis after adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. Individuals <46.8 years (median age) were responsible for this association. Only Tannerella forsythia differed significantly in proportions among BMI groups and was significantly higher in obese periodontally healthy/gingivitis individuals. CONCLUSION The data suggest that an overgrowth of T. forsythia occurs in the subgingival biofilms of periodontally healthy, overweight and obese individuals that might put them at risk for initiation and progression of periodontitis.
Genome Scale Evolution of Myxoma Virus Reveals Host-Pathogen Adaptation and Rapid Geographic Spread

ABSTRACT The evolutionary interplay between myxoma virus (MYXV) and the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) following release of the virus in Australia in 1950 as a biological control is a classic example of host-pathogen coevolution. We present a detailed genomic and phylogeographic analysis of 30 strains of MYXV, including the Australian progenitor strain Standard Laboratory Strain (SLS), 24 Australian viruses isolated from 1951 to 1999, and three isolates from the early radiation in Britain from 1954 and 1955. We show that in Australia MYXV has spread rapidly on a spatial scale, with multiple lineages cocirculating within individual localities, and that both highly virulent and attenuated viruses were still present in the field through the 1990s. In addition, the detection of closely related virus lineages at sites 1,000 km apart suggests that MYXV moves freely in geographic space, with mosquitoes, fleas, and rabbit migration all providing means of transport. Strikingly, despite multiple introductions, all modern viruses appear to be ultimately derived from the original introductions of SLS. The rapidity of MYXV evolution was also apparent at the genomic scale, with gene duplications documented in a number of viruses. Duplication of potential virulence genes may be important in increasing the expression of virulence proteins and provides the basis for the evolution of novel functions. Mutations leading to loss of open reading frames were surprisingly frequent and in some cases may explain attenuation, but no common mutations that correlated with virulence or attenuation were identified.
Evidence for a large-scale helical magnetic field in the quasar 3C 454.3

Most current theoretical models link the launching of relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei to the presence of twisted magnetic fields close to the supermassive black hole. While these models predict a large-scale, ordered, helical magnetic field near the central engine, it is not clear if, and to what extent, this order is preserved further downstream in the jet. Here, we present compelling evidence that suggests that the radio emission from the jet of the quasar 3C 454.3 exhibits multiple signatures of a large-scale, ordered helical magnetic field component at a distance of hundreds of parsecs from the launching point. Our results provide observational support for magnetic jet launching models and indicate that the ordered helical field component may remain stable over a large distance down the jet.