Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Invariance of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire-Short Form

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a short form of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire (DSQ) with adequate psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency, convergent, criterion, discriminant validity, construct validity, and measurement invariance). METHODS In total, 181 youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) completed the 65-item DSQ, and archival data were obtained from 142 youth with T1D to serve as an independent cross-validation sample. Twenty-four items were chosen to retain the original eight scales of the DSQ and to maximize internal consistency and correlations to full subscales. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the proposed factor structure of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire-Short Form (DSQ-SF) and to assess invariance of the DSQ-SF across sex, race, grade level, glycemic control, illness duration, and annual income categories. RESULTS The 24-item DSQ-SF was found to have good internal consistency, factor structure and fit, correlated highly to the full scale (r = .98), and was invariant across sex, race, grade level (<9th grade or >9th grade), glycemic control, illness duration, and annual income. CONCLUSIONS The DSQ-SF appears to be a psychometrically robust measure of diabetes-specific stress in youth with T1D. Present findings suggest that the DSQ-SF has the potential to be a useful, quick, cost-effective, and comprehensive screening tool for identifying youth with T1D who may benefit from T1D-specific stress reduction interventions as a way to improve health behaviors, psychosocial well-being, and glycemic control.
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

Objectives: The main research aims were to investigate whether physical therapists are examining the hip(s) in individuals with a primary complaint of low back pain (LBP) and if so, the interventions being provided that target the hip(s). Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to the membership of the American Physical Therapy Association Orthopaedic and Sports Sections, as well as that of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapists. Participant demographics and survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Associations between variables were examined using chi-square analysis. Results: The estimated response rate was 18.4% ( n = 1163, mean age 40.5 ± 11.4 years). The majority of respondents (91%, n = 1059) reported they always or most of the time examined the hip(s) in individuals with LBP. The most common examination items utilized were hip strength testing (94%, n = 948), passive range of motion (91%, n = 921) and muscle ﬂexibility testing (90%, n = 906). The most common interventions included hip strengthening (94%, n = 866) and hip ﬂex-ibility exercises (90%, n = 814). Respondents enrolled in or having completed a post-professional fellowship were more likely to utilize hip joint manual therapy techniques ( x 2 = 25.3, p =
A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna With Filtering Structures for Sub-6 GHz Base Station Applications

This letter presents a novel compact dual-band dual-polarized antenna with filtering structures for Sub-6 GHz base station applications. It is operating at the LTE (2500–2690 MHz) and Sub-6 GHz of 5G (3300–3600 MHz) bands, where the center frequency of upper-band (UB) is 1.32 times of lower-band (LB). Mutual coupling between LB and UB is suppressed by the introduction of the filtering stubs near the feeding lines. A sufficiently high isolation between LB and UB (>25 dB) is also obtained. The size of the proposed antenna is only 0.43 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\rm{\lambda }}_1} \times \text{0.43}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\rm{\lambda }}_1} \times \text{0.26}$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\rm{\lambda }}_{1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\rm{\lambda }}_1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-wavelength at 2.6 GHz). The half power beam widths are 65° ± 5° over both bands at horizontal planes. A four-element array, which consists of four hybrid antennas (the UB element is nested in the LB element) with a small array width (only 105 mm) is also studied. The proposed antenna and its array are suitable for wireless communication applications.
Modelling the L-Band Snow-Covered Surface Emission in a Winter Canadian Prairie Environment

Detailed angular ground-based L-band brightness temperature (TB) measurements over snow covered frozen soil in a prairie environment were used to parameterize and evaluate an electromagnetic model, the Wave Approach for LOw-frequency MIcrowave emission in Snow (WALOMIS), for seasonal snow. WALOMIS, initially developed for Antarctic applications, was extended with a soil interface model. A Gaussian noise on snow layer thickness was implemented to account for natural variability and thus improve the TB simulations compared to observations. The model performance was compared with two radiative transfer models, the Dense Media Radiative Transfer-Multi Layer incoherent model (DMRT-ML) and a version of the Microwave Emission Model for Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS) adapted specifically for use at L-band in the original one-layer configuration (LS-MEMLS-1L). Angular radiometer measurements (30°, 40°, 50°, and 60°) were acquired at six snow pits. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) between simulated and measured TB at vertical and horizontal polarizations were similar for the three models, with overall RMSE between 7.2 and 10.5 K. However, WALOMIS and DMRT-ML were able to better reproduce the observed TB at higher incidence angles (50° and 60°) and at horizontal polarization. The similar results obtained between WALOMIS and DMRT-ML suggests that the interference phenomena are weak in the case of shallow seasonal snow despite the presence of visible layers with thicknesses smaller than the wavelength, and the radiative transfer model can thus be used to compute L-band brightness temperature.
Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with ventricular tachycardia? A retrospective study from the National Inpatient Sample and a literature review on the pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known independent risk factor for a multiple cardiovascular morbidities and mortality. The association of OSA and ventricular arrhythmias is less well understood. The aim of this analysis is to study the relationship between OSA and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
DEPTH IMAGE BASED VIEW SYNTHESIS WITH MULTIPLE REFERENCE VIEWS FOR VIRTUAL REALITY

This paper presents a method for view synthesis from multiple views and their depth maps for free navigation in Virtual Reality with six degrees of freedom (6DoF) and 360 video (3DoF+), including synthesizing views corresponding to stepping in or out of the scene. Such scenarios should support large baseline view synthesis, typically going beyond the view synthesis involved in light field displays [1]. Our method allows to input an unlimited number of reference views, instead of the usual left and right reference views. Increasing the number of reference views overcomes problems such as occlusions, tangential surfaces to the cameras axis and artifacts in low quality depth maps. We outperform MPEG’s reference software, VSRS [2], with a gain of up to 2.5 dB in PSNR when using four reference views.
The Looming Threat of China: An Analysis of Chinese Influence on Bitcoin

As Bitcoin's popularity has grown over the decade since its creation, it has become an increasingly attractive target for adversaries of all kinds. One of the most powerful potential adversaries is the country of China, which has expressed adversarial positions regarding the cryptocurrency and demonstrated powerful capabilities to influence it. In this paper, we explore how China threatens the security, stability, and viability of Bitcoin through its dominant position in the Bitcoin ecosystem, political and economic control over domestic activity, and control over its domestic Internet infrastructure. We explore the relationship between China and Bitcoin, document China's motivation to undermine Bitcoin, and present a case study to demonstrate the strong influence that China has over Bitcoin. Finally, we systematize the class of attacks that China can deploy against Bitcoin to better understand the threat China poses. We conclude that China has mature capabilities and strong motives for performing a variety of attacks against Bitcoin.
A 55-Year Time Series Station for Primary Production in the Adriatic Sea: Data Correction, Extraction of Photosynthesis Parameters and Regime Shifts

In 1962, a series of in situ primary production measurements began in the Adriatic Sea, at a station near the island of Vis. To this day, over 55 years of monthly measurements through the photic zone have been accumulated, including close to 3000 production measurements at different depths. The measurements are conducted over a six-hour period around noon, and the average production rate extrapolated linearly over day length to calculate daily production. Here, a non-linear primary production model is used to correct these estimates for potential overestimation of daily production due to linear extrapolation. The assimilation numbers are recovered from the measured production profiles and subsequently used to model production at depth. Using the recovered parameters, the model explained 87% of variability in measured normalized production at depth. The model is then used to calculate daily production at depth, and it is observed to give on average 20% lower daily production at depth than the estimates based on linear extrapolation. Subsequently, water column production is calculated, and here, the model predicted on average 26% lower water column production. With the recovered parameters and the known magnitude of the overestimation, the time-series of water column production is then re-established with the non-linearly-corrected data. During this 55-year period, distinct regimes were observed, which were classified with a regime shift detection method. It is then demonstrated how the recovered parameters can be used in a remote sensing application. A seasonal cycle of the recovered assimilation number is constructed along with the seasonal cycle of remotely-sensed chlorophyll. The two are then used to model the seasonal cycle of water column production. An upper and a lower bound on the seasonal cycle of water column production based on remotely-sensed chlorophyll data are then presented. Measured water column production was found to be well within the range of remotely-sensed estimates. With this work, the utility of in situ measurements as a means of providing information on the assimilation number is presented and its application as a reference for remote sensing models highlighted.
Knowledge Spillover among Semiconductor Foundries

Constant innovation has become an important survival rule for companies in the knowledge economy. How to capture the external knowledge (the knowledge spillover), and how to internalize external knowledge from the knowledge flow (the technology convergence) have become important issues. A case analysis of knowledge spillover and technology convergence was conducted, and focuses on the top IC foundries including AMD, Chartered Semiconductor, Samsung Electronics, TSMC, and UMC. In this study, the analysis is distinguished by wafer size into three periods: the six-inch (1976–1991), eight-inch (1989–1999), and twelve-inch wafer (1997–2011). Patentometrics and social network analysis (SNA) methods are adopted, and the R&D cooperation and patent citations among foundries are used to represent the strong ties and weak ties of knowledge spillover. The strength and range of technology convergence can be measured based on the co-occurrence of patent classes between foundries. The results of this study revealed that there are similar knowledge spillover patterns among the major IC foundries, however, there were considerable differences in terms of technology convergence. The comparison between the knowledge spillover and technology convergence of these foundries can help technology managers predict the emergence of new technology and assist in the planning of R&D strategies.
Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Cancer Stigma Scale

Purpose To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS). Methods After translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CASS into Chinese (C-CASS), a random online survey of the general population in China was conducted. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and construct validity was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. The C-CASS was evaluated in a sample of 382 non-cancer patients through online format. Results The study found that the C-CASS had satisfactory internal reliability (Cronbach’s α of the overall scale and six components was 0.88 and 0.70–0.89, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-factor structure (χ2/df = 2.2, GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.056, SRMR = 0.065). Younger individuals and those who had less knowledge of cancer showed more negative attitudes towards cancer. Conclusion The C-CASS had adequate internal consistency, reliability and indices of model fit, allowing its feasible use to assess levels of cancer stigma in Chinese populations.
Research on the Magnetic Field Generator of Overhauser Magnetic Sensor

Magnetic field generator is an essential part of the automatic measurement of geomagnetic elements. Based on the Biot-Savart law, mathematical models of magnetic field distribution of different types of magnetic field generators are established. The magnetic intensity and the homogenous area of them are discussed. The analysis results show that increasing the number of coils can increase magnetic intensity. Meanwhile, the designed sphere coil can generate a larger uniform magnetic field with a smaller geometric size, and overcomes the deficiencies in the space utilization of the traditional magnetic field generator. In addition, it has great potential to miniature the size of the geomagnetic measurement instruments.
Speeding Up the Internet of Things: LEAIoT: A Lightweight Encryption Algorithm Toward Low-Latency Communication for the Internet of Things

The flow of data traffic has been vastly increased because of the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT)-and security is a top need for Internet communication. The encryption-decryption process ensures that data access is restricted to legitimate users. But there is a tradeoff between the level of security and the communication overhead.
Applications of a Frequency Selective Surface Based on a Combination of a Jerusalem Cross and a Circular Ring

Screening applications of a frequency selective surface (FSS) built on a FR4 substrate with two metal periodic patterns are reported. The square shaped unit cell contains a Jerusalem Cross (J cross) metal pattern on one face and a circular ring one on the other. Broadband, X band and WLAN filters are proposed and assessed for TE and TM plane wave incidence up to an angle of 45 ° The operation of the FSS is demonstrated by computer simulation. Two commercial solvers are used to verify the consistency of the results.
Mode-Stirring Impact in Radar Cross Section Evaluation in Reverberation Chamber

This paper presents the evaluation of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) pattern of a rectangular metallic plate from Reverberation Chamber measurement. It is seen that the measured RCS strongly depends on the environment and especially on the stirrer position. An approach based on averaging the measurement over a stirrer rotation is presented and allows increasing the measurement accuracy when compared to simulated data.
Projection-Based Dynamics for Distributed Optimization Subject to General Constraints

This paper presents a continuous-time multi-agent system for distributed convex optimization problem subject to bound, equality, and inequality constraints. The individual dynamics of each agent is designed based on projection operator, subgradient operator, and consensus operator. All agents in the system communicate state information using a proportional-integral protocol. It is proved that all agents with any initial state can reach state consensus at an optimal solution to the given constrained optimization problem, provided that communication graph among agents is undirected and connected. Simulation results are presented to substantiate the theoretical results.
Natural history of a cohort of ABCD1 variant female carriers

The therapeutic scenario of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is rapidly changing. Whereas the disease is well characterized in men, the condition remains to be fully clarified in women carrying ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1 (ABCD1) variants. Specifically, data on clinical progression are needed, in order to recommend any appropriate management. The objective of this study was to outline the natural history of a cohort of untreated ABCD1 heterozygous female carriers.
Deep Neural Network for Image Recognition Based on the Caffe Framework

Deep Leaning of the Neural Networks has become one of the most demanded areas of Information Technology and it has been successfully applied to solving many issues of Artificial Intelligence, for example, speech recognition, computer vision, natural language processing, data visualization. This paper describes the developing the deep neural network model for image recognition and a corresponding experimental research on an example of the MNIST data set. Some practical details for creating the Deep Neural Network and image recognition in the Caffe Framework are given as well.
A Low Power Diode-Clamped Inverter-Based Strong Physical Unclonable Function for Robust and Lightweight Authentication

Strong physical unclonable function (PUF) transcends the limitations of legacy secure key storage methods as emerging security primitive for cryptography and device identification/authentication. In this paper, a new low power and reliable mono-stable strong PUF is proposed. Its primary entropy is derived from the process variations of the parallel diode-clamped single inverter ring working in the subthreshold region. Due to manufacturing process variations, the mono-stable state of the output voltage of single inverter ring is Gaussian distributed around the half <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> point. The spread of the Gaussian is broadened by mixing it with another Gaussian distributed trip point obtained from a diode-clamped parallel inverter stage. As the main entropy of the raw response bits is derived from a mono-stable circuit, it has greater immunity to perturbances introduced by operating environments. In addition, as the mono-stable state for the output voltage is a non-linear combination of individual inverter rings, the resilience against machine learning attacks can be improved. The prototype chip was fabricated using a commercial 40-nm CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the power consumption of the 64-bit mono-stable PUF is merely <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.85~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The native bit error rate is <8% at 0.9 ~ 1.3 V and −40~ 90°C, which can be further reduced to <1% using the proposed thresholding technique. The proposed PUF reduces the accuracy of support vector machine and reliability-based covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy attacks by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$36{\times}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$75{\times}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, over that of arbiter PUF.
BIGGER ORGANS and ELEPHANT EAR-LIKE LEAF1 control organ size and floral organ internal asymmetry in pea

Control of organ size and shape by cell proliferation and cell expansion is a fundamental process during plant development, but the molecular mechanisms that set the final size and shape of determinate organs in plants remain unclear, especially in legumes. In this study, we characterized several mutants including bigger organs (bio) and elephant-ear-like leaf 1 (ele1) in pea that displayed similar phenotypes, with enlarged leaves and symmetrical lateral and ventral petals. Genetic analysis showed that BIO interacted with the specific regulators SYMMETRICAL PETAL1 (SYP1) and SYP5 to control floral organ internal asymmetry in pea. Using a comparative approach, we cloned BIO and ELE1, revealing that they encode a KIX domain protein and an ortholog of Arabidopsis PEAPOD (PPD), respectively. Furthermore, genetic analysis, physical interaction assays, and gene expression analysis showed that BIO and ELE1 physically interact with each other and with the transcription factor LATHYROIDES (LATH) to repress expression of downstream genes such as GROWTH-REGULATING-FACTOR 5. Our data show that the BIO-ELE1 module in legumes plays a key role in regulating organ development to create distinct final forms with characteristic size and shape.
A Flat Dual-Polarized Transformation-Optics Beamscanning Luneburg Lens Antenna Using PCB-Stacked Gradient Index Metamaterials

Based on a transformation optics method, a flat compact dual-polarized Luneburg lens antenna is proposed and implemented using the printed-circuit-board-stacked gradient-index metamaterials for beamscanning and multibeam applications at X-bands. The transformed material properties of the planar Luneburg lens are designed with 17-layered permittivity distribution of polynomials. Each layer is discretized into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$41 \times 41$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixels made of broadband and less polarization-dependent unit cells responsible for desired index distributions. The effects of transformation, approximation, and discretization on the lens performance are analyzed comprehensively. Also, to validate the implementation method, a flat Luneburg lens with a thickness of 14.1 mm, a focal length of 28 mm, and an aperture size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$98.9 \times 98.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup> is designed and tested. A stacked aperture-coupled patch antenna operating at 10 GHz is applied as a feeder. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can operate over a bandwidth of ~20% with an antenna efficiency of 32%, a cross-polarization level of <−17.1 dB, as well as the maximum gain of 15.9/16.35 dBi and a scanning angle of ±32°/±35° for two orthogonal polarizations, respectively. The presented flat Luneburg lens antenna featuring broad bandwidth, high gain, wide scanning angle, and easy fabrication has a high potential in 5G wireless communication, imaging, and remote sensing applications.
Hybrid Antenna Module Concept for 28 GHz 5G Beamsteering Cellular Devices

This paper presents a novel hybrid antenna module concept at millimeter-waves to realize spherical beamsteering coverage that is structurally and systematically compatible with present day cellular devices. The hybrid antenna module concept coherently combines two existing concepts - the AiP (Antenna-in-Package) and AoD (Antenna-on-Display) to steer the antenna main lobe in the end-fire and broadside direction. A compact end-fire antenna array (AiP) and a fully optically transparent antenna array (AoD) achieve impedance bandwidth (2:1 VSWR) of 1.67 GHz and 0.85 GHz respectively at 28 GHz. Investigation in the far-field ascertains hat the 4-element end-fire AiP and the 16-element broadside AoD exhibit a realized gain of 9.2 dBi and 12.8 dBi in the θ = 90° and θ = 0° respectively.