Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zooplanktivory in the Baltic sea: a comparison of prey selectivity by Clupea harengus and Mysis mixta, with reference to prey escape reactions

We investigated prey selection by the 2 most important planktivores in the northern Baltic, the Baltic herring Clupea harengus membras L. and the mysid shrimp Mysis mixta Lilljeborg. We hypothesised that the intensity of prey selection by herring is positively related to prey size and that deviations from this relationship can be explained by prey escape capabilities. For the non-visu- ally hunting mysids we assumed that prey size is less important than in herring and that escape capa- bilities of the prey explain a larger fraction of selectivities. To evaluate these hypotheses, we obtained selectivity indices for C. harengus membras and M. mixta from previous studies made either in the field (herring) or in the laboratory (mysids). We then quantified the escape performances of the 5 most abundant crustacean zooplankton species in the Baltic Sea by videofilming the plankters escap- ing from an artificially created water flow (siphon). As hypothesized, herring behaved as size-selec- tive predators: prey selectivity rank was Temora longicornis > Eurytemora affinis > Pseudocalanus elongatus > Acartia sp. > Bosmina longispina maritima. In M. mixta, the selectivity rank was surpris- ingly similar, only the cladoceran B. longispina maritima was relatively more positively selected than in herring. Comparing the observed predator selectivities with the results of the siphon experiments allowed us to identify cases where the predators appeared to show 'true' positive selection for a cer- tain prey (E. affinis) and where the selection was 'truly' negative (P. elongatus). On the basis of these results we suggest that large-sized copepods are important food for both herring and mysids and that a hydrography-induced shift towards a cladoceran-dominated zooplankton community may decrease the food gain by Baltic herring.
A Large Eddy Simulation Intercomparison Study of Shallow Cumulus Convection

This paper reports an intercomparison study on undisturbed trade wind cumulus convection under steadystate conditions as observed during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) with 10 large eddy simulation (LES) models. A main objective of this study is to obtain a quantitative assessment of the quality of the turbulent dynamics for this type of boundary layer clouds as produced by the different LES codes. A 6-h simulation shows excellent model-to-model agreement of the observed vertical thermodynamical structure, reasonable agreement of variances and turbulent fluxes, and good agreement of quantities conditionally sampled within the model clouds, such as cloud cover, liquid water, and cloud updraft strength. In the second part of this paper the LES dataset is used to evaluate simple models that are used in parameterizations of current general circulation models (GCMs). Finally, the relation of this work to subsequent LES studies of more complicated regimes is discussed, and guidance is given for the design of future observational studies of shallow cumulus boundary layers.
Letter to the Editor: Reproductive Toxicology

The article published in Reproductive Toxicology entitled, In itro and in vivo reproduction toxicology of 12 monoaminergic reupake inhibitors: Possible mechanisms of infrequent cardiovascular nomalies by Sloot et al. [1], presents the authors’ views in deterining the teratogenicity of a group of drugs utilizing whole mbryo culture (WEC). The authors used a well-described proocol for WEC utilizing five exposures ranging from 0–9 g/mL o 0–100 g/mL. For example, the five exposures for fluoxeine and paroxetine were 0 g/mL, 0.3 g/mL, 1 g/mL, 3 g/mL nd 9 g/mL and for mazindol and venlafaxine were 0 g/mL, 0 g/mL, 30 g/mL, 60 g/mL, and 100 g/mL. The rat embryos ere harvested at 9.5 days and grown for 48 h at which time hey were evaluated. The effects of the drugs were labeled as mbryotoxic, potentially teratogenic or teratogenic. It is approprite to label pathologic findings at 48 h as an embryotoxic effect. owever you cannot label WEC pathologic findings as potenially teratogenic unless you have data indicating that the embryo ill survive to a viable stage. Even more important you cannot abel a chemical or drug as a teratogen unless you have evidence hat the embryo will survive the exposure during organogensis as a malformed fetus. Of course, some embryotoxins can ause the embryo to die with malformations before viability is eached. Sloot et al. all believe that they can demonstrate a teratoenic effect using WEC since the authors labeled toxicological ndings in the cultured embryos as evidence of a teratogenic ffect. While it is true that the authors of this paper used the erm embryotoxicity and potential teratogenicity in many places n the paper, they also describe paroxetine as a teratogen. Let e quote from the paper the following two sentences. “In vitro, aroxetine and the positive control retinol were the only comounds identified as a clear teratogen” (Abstract). In paragraph . 1.2 under the Results section the following statement is also epeated, “Retinol and paroxetine were the only two compounds dentified as clear teratogens. ” This conclusion is inappropriate ecause the whole-animal teratology studies cited by authors did ot result in teratogenesis [2,3] and the exposures of paroxeine and fluoxetine in the WEC were greater than the exposures hat occur in the human with these drugs. Furthermore, these uthors were unable to determine whether the embryotoxic effects bserved in WEC would result in lethality in vivo at these expoures. You cannot utilize only the results of WEC to determine uman teratogenic risks, unless the investigator is certain that the xposure used in the WEC will not be lethal to the embryo in ivo. The use of WEC can have the following positive goals or puroses.
Kaluza-Klein states of the standard model gauge bosons: Constraints from high energy experiments

In theories with the standard model gauge bosons propagating in TeV 21 -size extra dimensions, their KaluzaKlein states interact with the rest of the SM particles confined to the 3-brane. We look for possible signals for this interaction in the present high-energy collider data, and estimate the sensitivity offered by the next generation of collider experiments. Based on the present data from the CERN LEP 2, Fermilab Tevatron, and DESY HERA experiments, we set a lower limit on the extra dimension compactification scale MC . 6.8 TeV at the 95% confidence level~dominated by the LEP 2 results! and quote expected sensitivities in the Tevatron Run 2 and at the CERN LHC.
Studies on Physiological Response of FH-682 Cotton to Various Dosage of Dimecron 100SCW

Physiological response of cotton, Gassypium hirsutum L. , to increasing rates of different doses of Dimecron was investigated. Dimecron was applied fortnightly and the seed cotton yield was found to be positively correlated to the physiological characters. Out of the total contribution to seed cotton yield, 85.08% was shared by number of opened bolls and weight of dry leaves which was significant compared with 13.29% contributed by other physiological characters. Although there was no clear difference in the influence of any single dose of Dimecron on all the characters yet it could be suggested that 200 ml acreG had comparatively more influence on the seed cotton yield compared with other doses tested.
Spiritual formation in women: A theoretical examination of Christian spirituality and self-concept

This thesis reviewed literature exploring the factors contributing to spirituality and their effects on the development of self-concept in girls and women. Self-esteem, self-concept, and self-image, although closely related, were distinct constituents of mental health. Although religiousness and spirituality appeared to describe different concepts, they also were not fully independent. Christian spiritual formation was identified by the practice of spiritual disciplines and acts of faith with others. Spiritual and religious involvement were consistently and positively related to health and inversely related to disorders. However, there was inadequate conceptualization of Christian spirituality in the literature as an explanation effecting selfconcept. Review of the evidence indicated that continued research is needed regarding the integration of spiritual disciplines as predictors for a distinct spiritual formation in women. Further research may provide evidence that healthy self-concept in women increases as a function of Christian spiritual formation. Spiritual Formation in Women 4
Modelling the catalyst fragmentation pattern in relation to molecular properties and particle overheating in olefin polymerization

Atwo-dimensional single particle finite element model was used to examine the effects of particle fragmental pattern on the average molecular weights, polymerization rate and particle overheating in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. A two-site catalyst kinetic mechanism was employed together with a dynamic two-dimensional molecular species in diffusion-reaction equation. The initial catalyst active sites distribution was assumed to be uniform, while the monomer diffusion coefficient was considered to be different inside the fragments and cracks. In other words, the cracks were distinguished from fragments with higher monomer diffusion coefficient. To model the particle temperature a lumped heat transfer model was used. The fragmentation pattern was considered to remain unchanged during the polymerization. A Galerkin finite element method was used to solve the resulting two-dimensional (2-D) moving boundary value, diffusion-reaction problem. A two-dimensional polymeric flow model (PFM) was implemented on the finite element meshes. The simulation results showed that the fragmentation pattern had effects on the molecular properties, reaction rate and the particle temperature at early stages of polymerization. Polyolefins J (2014) 1:77-91
Prognostic Factors of Male Breast Cancer: Proteomic Approaches for Early Detection and Treatment

Incidence of male breast cancer is still quite uncommon, and accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers in the United States. In the recent years, its incidence is showing an increasing trend in various parts of the globe. Risk factors that regulate the development of male breast cancer include age, family history, Klinefelter’s syndrome, lifestyle and various susceptible genes. In this review, we have focused on the diverse range of gene categories: DNA repair genes, breast cancer susceptibility genes, apoptotic and cell growth regulatory genes as well as some other genes responsible for male breast cancer. Additionally, this review also explores the avenues in prognostic factors, treatment by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and adjuvant hormonal therapy. Proteomics is the emerging field in cancer research and has already contributed in the detection and treatment of breast cancer in women. Since, the etiology of the breast cancer among female and male breast cancer is different therefore novel approaches to handle this disease are required. This review will aim at summarizing the efforts done so far in this direction by describing the different proteomic techniques currently applied to clinical samples of breast cancer. By understanding the basic concepts, one can illustrate how to apply these high throughput technologies for the early detection and treatment of male breast cancer.
The trophic role and impact of plankton ciliates in the microbial web structure of a tropical polymictic lake dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria

The recent interest in the plankton structures and dynamics in tropical and subtropical lakes has revealed important trends that set these lakes apart from temperate lakes, and one of the main differences is the enhanced importance of the microbial food web with respect to net plankton. Ciliates are a key component of subtropical and tropical microbial webs because of their role as dominant picoplankton grazers and their ability to channel picoplankton production to the uppermost trophic levels. Plankton ciliates have been found to play a crucial role in the survival of fish larvae in lakes that share several features with Lake Catemaco, a eutrophic tropical Mexican lake. Therefore, the plankton ciliate composition, abundance, and biomass of Lake Catemaco were studied to assess their role in the microbial food web. The data were obtained from surface and bottom water samples collected at eleven points during three surveys in 2011 and an additional survey in 2013, with the surveys covering the local climatic seasons. The most abundant components of the plankton ciliate assemblages were small prostomatids (Urotricha spp.), choreotrichs (Rimostrombidium spp.), cyclotrichs (Mesodinium and Askenasia), and scuticociliates (Cyclidium, Cinetochilum, Pleuronema, and Uronema). Other important ciliates in terms of abundance and/or biomass were haptorids (Actinobolina, Belonophrya, Monodinium, Paradileptus, and Laginophrya), Halteria, oligotrichs (Limnostrombidium and Pelagostrombidium), Linostomella, Bursaridium, Cyrtolophosis, and Litonotus. The ciliate abundance averaged 57 cells mL(-1) and ranged from 14 to 113 cells mL(-1). The mean ciliate biomass was 71 mu g C L-1 and ranged from 10 to 202 mu g C L-1. Differences were not detected in ciliate abundance or biomass between the sampling points or sampling depths (surface to bottom); however, significant differences were observed between seasons for both variables. Nano-sized filamentous cyanobacteria were the most abundant component of the plankton, and their abundance was assessed through epifluorescence microscopy counts. The autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton abundance was measured through epifluorescence, and their abundance and biomass were higher at the study site relative to other shallow freshwater ecosystems. The total ciliate biomass distribution patterns were similar to those of filamentous cyanobacteria and autotrophic or heterotrophic picoplankton, although the nanociliate biomasses peaked when the picoplankton and filamentous cyanobacteria were least abundant. The consequences of this increased importance of ciliates on the structure of the plankton at Lake Catemaco will be discussed along with the probable causes.
Trajectories of life satisfaction during one-year period among university students: Relations with measures of achievement strategies and perception of criteria for adulthood

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine how university students’ achievement strategies in an academic context and perceptions of criteria for adulthood relate to life satisfaction trajectories across one year. Methods: A convenience sample of 143 young adults 18-28 years (mean age: 20.9±2.7 years; 109 females and 34 males) attending the University of Turin in northwest Italy completed questionnaires at three points with a six-month interval between each measurement. Latent Growth Curve Modelling and Latent Class Growth Analysis were used to assess longitudinal changes in life satisfaction and the related heterogeneity within the current sample. Results: Three trajectories of life satisfaction emerged: high stable (37%), moderate decreasing (57%), and low stable (6%). At every time point high success expectations were related to a high stable life satisfaction trajectory. In turn, those adopting achievement avoidance strategies were more likely to have low-stable or moderately decreasing life satisfaction trajectories. The perception of the criteria deemed important to be defined as adults did not change across time points or across life satisfaction trajectories’ groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-reported measures of achievement strategies among university students relate longitudinally to life satisfaction levels. Positive and optimistic dimensions of personal striving may be protective factors against the risk of decrease of life satisfaction among university students.
Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal fruit bodies in Como National Park, a Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage in Cte dIvoire (West Africa)

The key role of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in ecosystems functioning has been demonstrated worldwide. However, their diversity, spatial distribution, fruiting phenology and production as influenced by climatic parameters variability remain poorly understood in tropical African forests. Weekly surveys were conducted from April to early October 2014 at the Comoe National Park (CNP), Cote d’Ivoire (West Africa) in 09 permanent plots established in Isoberlinia doka (IW), Uapaca togoensis (UW) and Mixed (MW) woodlands. Non metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of EcM fungi abundance was run to assess the influence of environment tal parameters on fungi distribution using the package VEGAN. Hierarchical clustering based on dissimilarity and indicator species analysis were run to characterize fungi communities. Analyses were computed with the statistical program R. A total of 123 EcM fungi species belonging to 23 genera and 09 families were collected at CNP. Simpson diversity (1-D) and evenness were 0.97 and 0.54, 0.97 and 0.61, 0.96 and 0.52 for IW, MW and UW respectively. Yet, weekly-based species accumulation curves did not reach an asymptote. Stem density of U. togoensis Pax (UTDen) and I. doka Craib & Stapf were the most important tree parameters influencing EcM fungi distribution (respectively r2 = 0.92 / p-value = 0.002 and r2 = 0.83 / p-value = 0.018). Two sites groups were distinguished and four indicators species were identified. Key words: EcM fungi, fruit bodies, diversity, indicator species.
Bridging the Discontinuity in Adolescent Literacy? Mixed Evidence from a Middle Grades Intervention

Strong literacy skills are crucial to ensuring an individual's future educational and economic success. Existing evidence suggests the transition from elementary to middle school is a decisive period for literacy development. In this paper I investigate the impact of extended learning time in literacy instruction on subsequent cognitive outcomes. I capitalize on the existence of a natural experiment born out of a district's use of an exogenously- determined cutoff in Iowa Test scores in fifth grade to assign students to an additional literacy course in middle school. My findings suggest that exposure to this intervention generates strong negative impacts for black students, and noisy positive impacts for white, Latino, and Asian students. My findings suggest that additional literacy instruction in middle school can have markedly different effects on students, and program differentiation or augmentation may be necessary to prevent harm for students of average literacy ability in fifth grade.
Physical, chemical and texture characteristics of Aro cheese

González, M.L. , Sánchez, H.C. ,Franco, F.M. J., Güemes, V.N. and Soto, S.S. Universidad de la Cañada. Cuerpo Académico Aprovechamiento Integral de Productos Agroindustriales. Carr. Teotitlán-San Antonio Nanahuatipán Km. 1.7 s/n. Paraje Titlacuatitla. Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, México. C.P. 68540 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México. C.P. 43600
Task space consensus in networks of heterogeneous and uncertain robotic systems with variable time‐delays

This work deals with the leader‐follower and the leaderless consensus problems in networks of multiple robot manipulators. The robots are non‐identical, kinematically different (heterogeneous), and their physical parameters are uncertain. The main contribution of this work is a novel controller that solves the two consensus problems, in the task space, with the following features: it estimates the kinematic and the dynamic physical parameters; it is robust to interconnecting variable‐time delays; it employs the singularity‐free unit‐quaternions to represent the orientation; and, using energy‐like functions, the controller synthesis follows a constructive procedure. Simulations using a network with four heterogeneous manipulators illustrate the performance of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship between Solvency Ratios and Profitability Ratios: Analytical Study in Food Industrial Companies listed in Amman Bursa

This study aims to examine the relationship between solvency ratios and profitability ratios. The study was conducted on the food industrial companies listed in Amman Bursa during the period of 2012-2014. The results revealed no relationship between the following solvency ratios (debt/asset ratio, debt/equity ratio, long-term debt/assets ratio, long-term debt/equity ratio, and interest coverage) and the following profitability ratios (gross profit margin and operating cash flow margin). The results show negative relationship between both ratios of solvency (debt/asset ratio, debt/equity ratio) and the following profitability ratios (operating profit margin [OPM], net profit margin [NPM] and return on assets [ROA]). There are no relationships between the remaining of the solvency ratios (long-term debt ratios/assets, long-term debt ratios/equity, and interest coverage) and the following profitability ratios (OPM, NPM, and ROAs)
Onset of 2D magnetic reconnection in the solar photosphere, chromosphere and corona

Aims: We aim to investigate the onset of 2D time-dependent magnetic reconnection that is triggered using an external (non-local) velocity driver located away from, and perpendicular to, an equilibrium Harris current sheet. Previous studies have typically utilised an internal trigger to initiate reconnection, for example initial conditions centred on the current sheet. Here, an external driver allows for a more naturalistic trigger as well as the study of the earlier stages of the reconnection start-up process. Methods: Numerical simulations solving the compressible, resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations were performed to investigate the reconnection onset within different atmospheric layers of the Sun, namely the corona, chromosphere and photosphere. Results: A reconnecting state is reached for all atmospheric heights considered, with the dominant physics being highly dependent on atmospheric conditions. The coronal case achieves a sharp rise in electric field (indicative of reconnection) for a range of velocity drivers. For the chromosphere, we find a larger velocity amplitude is required to trigger reconnection (compared to the corona). For the photospheric environment, the electric field is highly dependent on the inflow speed; a sharp increase in electric field is obtained only as the velocity entering the reconnection region approaches the Alfven speed. Additionally, the role of ambipolar diffusion is investigated for the chromospheric case and we find that the ambipolar diffusion alters the structure of the current density in the inflow region. Conclusions: The rate at which flux enters the reconnection region is controlled by the inflow velocity. This determines all aspects of the reconnection start-up process, that is, the early onset of reconnection is dominated by the advection term in Ohm’s law in all atmospheric layers. A lower plasma-β enhances reconnection and creates a large change in the electric field. A high plasma-β hinders the reconnection, yielding a sharp rise in the electric field only when the velocity flowing into the reconnection region approaches the local Alfven speed.