Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Testing of the Suitability of a Coal-Based Jet Fuel

Abstract : A candidate coal-based fuel was evaluated both for use as substitute for conventional petroleum-derived JP-8 fuel and as a candidate for advanced application. Numerous properties and performance behavior were monitored through a combination of specification tests and research-type evaluations. This testing included a variety of physical and chemical property tests in the areas of high temperature thermal stability, low temperature flowability, and combustion emissions characteristics, as well as a thorough series of chemical analysis evaluations. The fuel was found to meet the vast bulk of the testing, but had some off-specification test results (for example, hydrogen content and API gravity) due to the unusual hydrocarbon constituents present in the fuel. In general, the fuel performed extremely well in thermal stability testing, but exhibited a higher viscosity than conventional fuels in low temperature evaluations. The significant oxidative and pyrolytic thermal stability benefits of the coal-based fuel could be used in the future to greatly improve the fuel heat sink and engine and aircraft technologies that are currently limited by thermal concerns.
The prevalence of anxiety disorders in old age   A meta-analysis

Background: Prior research shows that the prevalence of anxiety disorders decreases with age. We hypothesize that anxiety would no decrease with age when the individuals have a chronic disease; Aim: This study aims to summarize all existing literature on the prevalence of anxiety disorders, when having a chronic disease, in old age. The second aim is to find out which type of anxiety disorder is more prevalent in older age groups. Methods: We searched Pubmed in order to find articles about this subject. Data from these papers were pooled in a meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis, metaregression and tests for publication bias were performed. Results: The results suggest that anxiety still decreases with age, even when the individual has a chronic disease.There was no difference in the prevalence of types of anxiety disorders between younger and older age groups. Evidence for publication bias was found. Conclusion: Notwithstanding some limitations such as probable publication bias, our findings suggest that the prevalence of anxiety also decreases with age when having a chronic disease.
A Low-Energy Ultra-Wideband Internet-of-Things Radio System for Multi-Standard Smart-Home Energy Management

This work presents an Internet of Things (IoT) system for home energy management based on a custom-designed Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) transceiver that targets a generic and multi-standard control system. This control system enables the interoperability of heterogeneous devices: it integrates various sensor nodes based on ZigBee, EnOcean and UWB in the same middleware by utilizing an ad-hoc layer as an interface between the hardware and software. The paper presents as a first the design of the IR-UWB transceiver for a portable sensor node integrated with the middleware layer, and also describes the receiver connected to the control system. The custom-designed low-power transmitter on the sensor node is fabricated with 130 nm CMOS technology. It generates a signal with a 1.1 ns pulse width while consuming 39 μW at 1 Mbps. The UWB sensor node with a temperature measurement capability consumes 5.31 mW, which is lower than the power level of state-of-the-art solutions for smart-home applications. The UWB hardware and software layers necessary to interface with the control system are verified in over-the-air measurements in an actual office environment. With the implementation of the presented sensor node and its integration in the energy management system, we demonstrate achievement of the broad flexibility demanded for IoT.
Natural bacterioplankton assemblage composition during blooms of Alexandrium spp. (Dinophyceae) in NW Mediterranean coastal waters

We characterised the spatial and temporal variation in the bacterioplankton assemblage composition during bloom events of different Alexandrium species (Dinophyceae) in the littoral of the NW Mediterranean Sea by means of catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridisation with oligonucleotide probes (CARD-FISH). We studied several Alexandrium blooms through their seasonal development (at La Fosca beach) or in their spatial variability (in Arenys Harbour and Olbia Bay), and we complemented these observations by describing the composition of the bacterial assem- blage associated with cultures of Alexandrium species isolated from the same sites. Our studies on natural bacterioplankton assemblages identified the Bacteroidetes lineage and the Alphaproteobac- teria as the dominating components during the studied blooms of Alexandrium. Alphaproteobacteria dominated in the La Fosca and Olbia blooms, while bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes were abundant in the development phase of the La Fosca beach bloom and in the winter Arenys bloom. Gammaproteobacteria contributed in low proportions without significant changes through the differ- ent bloom phases at La Fosca beach and in Olbia Bay, but were more abundant in Arenys Harbour. While the absolute bacterial abundances in the spatial study of Olbia Bay covaried with the Alexan- drium densities, there were no spatial changes in the bacterioplankton assemblage composition. Alteromonas-like organisms were never an important fraction of the assemblage, but Roseobacter dominated Alphaproteobacteria in Arenys Harbour. Furthermore, the bacterioplankton assemblages associated with Alexandrium spp. cultures were very different from the natural bacterial assem- blages during blooms of the same species. We conclude that the presence of a given harmful algal bloom species during a bloom will not always necessarily be accompanied by the same bacterial assemblage structure, and studies done with dinoflagellate cultures may only reflect the bacteria capable of growing under laboratory conditions, with little resemblance to what occurs under natural conditions.
Hierarchical control design for large-scale urban road traffic networks

Many efforts have been carried out to optimize the trafﬁc signal settings in cities. Neverthe-1 less, state-of-the-art and -practice strategies cannot deal efﬁciently with oversaturated conditions 2 (i.e. queue spillbacks and partial gridlocks), as they are either based on application-speciﬁc heuris-3 tics or they fail to replicate accurately the propagation of congestion. An alternative approach for 4 real-time network-wide control is the perimeter ﬂow control (or gating). This can be viewed as 5 an upper-level control layer, and be combined with other strategies (e.g. local or coordinated reg-6 ulators) in a hierarchical control framework. In the current work, a recently developed perimeter 7 control regulator is utilized for the upper-level layer. Another lower-level control layer utilizes the 8 max-pressure regulator, which constitutes a local feedback control law, applied in coupled inter-9 sections, in a distributed systems-of-systems (SoS) concept. Different approaches are discussed 10 about the design of the hierarchical structure of SoS and a trafﬁc microsimulation tool is used to 11 assess the impact of each approach to the overall trafﬁc conditions. Preliminary results show that 12 integrating a network-level approach within a local adaptive framework can signiﬁcantly improve 13 the system performance when spillback phenomena occur (a common feature of city centres with 14 short links). 15
Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Mathematics Content Knowledge: A Predictor of Sixth Graders' Mathematics Performance.

This study examined the knowledge of mathematics content of elementary preservice teachers at a sixth grade level. The researcher administered a mathematics test for sixth graders mandated by the Texas Education Agency to pre-service teachers; the same test was given to sixth graders in Texas. The study found that pre-service teachers performed lowest on objective four of the test which measures knowledge of measurement in mathematics. This performance was compared with children’s scores in objective four and found that children also received the lowest score among the objectives of the test. This study implies that teachers’ knowledge could affect students’ performance on mathematics. The participants were 87 preservice teachers with over 90% having a Hispanic ethnic background.
Beyond the Carry Trade: Optimal Currency Portfolios

We test the relevance of technical and fundamental variables in forming currency portfolios. Carry, momentum, and value reversal all contribute to portfolio performance, whereas the real exchange rate and the current account do not. The resulting optimal portfolio produces out-of-sample returns that are not explained by risk and are valuable to diversified investors holding stocks and bonds. Exposure to currencies increases the Sharpe ratio of diversified portfolios by 0.5 on average, while reducing crash risk. We argue that besides risk, currency returns reflect the scarcity of speculative capital.
Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in practical diets for redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

Aquaculture of redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus ,i s rapidly developing in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. As the industry is still in its infancy, grow out diets are generally not formulated specifically for this species as there is limited data on nutrient requirements and the acceptability of various ingredients. Given the recent increases in the price of fish meal (FM), the use of alternative protein sources such as poultry by-product meal (PBM) may be more cost effective. The present research evaluated the response of juvenile redclaw to practical diets utilizing PBM as a replacement for FM. Juvenile redclaw crayfish (0.45 g ± 0.01) were stocked into 24, 600-L, outdoor round tanks at a density of 12.5 m )2 . Tanks were supplied water from a watershed reservoir and maintained on a flow through regime. Crayfish in four replicate tanks were maintained on one of the six diets formulated to contain 260 g kg )1 crude protein and 70 g kg )1 crude fat which had previously demonstrated good growth under similar conditions. FM in the basal diets was replaced with PBM at various levels, on an iso-nitrogenous basis, so that the diets contained 150, 120, 90, 60, 30 and 0 g FM kg )1 diet and 78, 105, 132, 158, 185 and 212 g PBM kg )1 diet, respectively. At the conclusion of the 56-day growth trial, survival (>83%) and growth (>11.3 g or 2400%) of the crayfish were not significantly different among treatments. Based on these results, PBM appears to be a viable candidate as a replacement for FM in redclaw crayfish diets.
Does Service Innovation Matter in High-Tech Industry?

Service innovation has been found to be a major driver of innovation performance in service contexts. But this issue raises questions concerning the extent to which the relationship between market orientation and innovation performance holds in the high-tech industry. Relatively little research has examined how market orientation contributes to innovation performance through service innovation. We here report an empirical study of 235 Taiwanese high-tech firms to examine the influence of market orientation on service innovation and innovation performance. A noteworthy finding is that the impacts of customer orientation and competitor orientation on innovation performance are fully mediated by service innovation. However, service innovation does only partially mediate the relationship between inter-functional orientation and innovation performance. The findings of this study should help managers consider appropriate service innovation in high-tech industry.
Precise Modeling of the Exoplanet Host Star and CoRoT Main Target HD 52265

Aims. This paper presents a detailed and precise study of the characteristics of the exoplanet host star and CoRoT main target HD 52265, derived from asteroseismic studies. We compare our results with previous estimates, and provide a comprehensive summary and discussion. Methods. Our basic method is similar to that previously used by the Toulouse group for solar-type stars. Models are computed with various initial chemical compositions and the computed p-mode frequencies are compared with the observed ones. All models include atomic diffusion and we discuss the importance of radiative accelerations. Several tests are used, including the usual frequency combinations and the fits to the echelle diagrams. Possible surface effects are introduced and discussed. Automatic codes are also used to identify the best-fit model for this star (SEEK and AMP) and their results are compared with those obtained with the detailed method. Results. We find precise results for the mass, radius, and age of this star, as well as its effective temperature and luminosity. We also estimate the initial helium abundance. These results are important for the characterization of the star-planet system.
A Framework for Constructing Semantic As-is Building Energy Models (BEMs) for Existing Buildings Using Digital Images

Retrofits of existing buildings have great potential to reduce global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Energy modeling of existing buildings, which is commonly conducted to prioritize retrofit strategies, relies on as-is building energy models (BEMs) that represent actual conditions of buildings. Recent efforts have focused on leveraging sensing technologies such as laser scanning and photogrammetry to capture as-is conditions of buildings and developing automatic methods for creating BEMs using the captured data. However, the majority of these efforts are limited to reconstructing 3D facade geometries with poor semantic information for rough BEM use. To this end, this paper presents a framework for an image-based approach to construct complete and semantic as-is BEM geometry models for existing buildings. The framework consists of four modules: 1) the data capture module that collects digital images of building facades and interior spaces and relevant “placement” information for geometry definition; 2) the building surface geometry reconstruction module that recognizes main building components required by BEM and reconstructs their 3D surface geometries from captured images; 3) the semantic enrichment module that adds the required geometry-related semantic relationships among the reconstructed building elements and interior spaces; and 4) the BEM creation module that stores the semantic geometry model in IDF data model. This framework is expected to extend existing research by creating complete (i.e. include not only building facades but also interior spaces) and semantic-rich asis BEM geometry models.
4 Nano-cones Formed on a Surface of Semiconductors by Laser Radiation : Technology , Model and Properties

Nowadays, nanostructures are some of the most investigated objects in semiconductor physics, especially Quantum confinement effect (QCE) in quantum dots (QDs) (Alivisatos, 1996), quantum wires (QWs) (Xia et al., 2003) and quantum wells (Fowler et al., 1966). In the case of nano-size structures the energy band diagram of semiconductor changes strongly. This leads to a crucial change of semiconductor properties such as: electrical, due to the change of free charge carrier concentration and electrons’ and holes’ mobility; optical, such as: absorption coefficient, reflectivity index, radiative recombination efficiency (Emel'yanov et al., 2005); mechanical and heating properties. The growth of investigations of the homogeneous structures, such as well-defined onedimensional axial heterostructures, multiheterostructures and core-shell nano-wire heterostructures generates a great interest for their potential applications. Conglomeration of the QDs in a line leads to formation of QWs. If diameter of QWs changes monotonously then cones like structure is formed. The cone nanostructure properties have not only quantitative, but also strongly qualitative characteristics and new interesting properties, for example, formation of graded band gap structure in elementary semiconductors (Medvid’ et al., 2008). Fabrication of nanostructures without lithographic process, based on the self-assembling processes is very promising for future nano-electronics. In this case the self-assembling processes utilize the microscopic structures on the surface or the strain induced by lattice mismatch. Today we have only some very well elaborated methods for formation of nanostructures (NSs) in semiconductors. They are: molecular beam epitaxy (Talochkin et al., 2005), ion implantation (Zhu et al., 1997) chemical vapor deposition method (Hartmann et al., 2005), and laser ablation (Morales et al., 1998, Yoshida et al., 1998) with followed by thermal annealing in furnace. A lot of time and high vacuum or special environment, for example, inert gas Ar is needed for nano-crystals growth using these methods. As a result, nanocrystals grow with broad distribution in size. Therefore, elaboration of new methods for growth of NSs in semiconductors is a very important task for nano-electronics and optoelectronics. A significant amount of effort has been dedicated to the production of nanostructured Si-based systems (Werva et al., 1996). Several studies have used ion implantation
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CONTRIBUTION OF HIGH-SKILLED IMMIGRANTS TO INNOVATION IN THE UNITED STATES

We characterize the contribution of immigrants to US innovation, both through their direct productivity as well as through their indirect spillover effects on their native collaborators. To do so, we link patent records to a database containing the first five digits of more than 230 million of Social Security Numbers (SSN). By combining this part of the SSN together with year of birth, we identify whether individuals are immigrants based on the age at which their Social Security Number is assigned. We find immigrants represent 16 percent of all US inventors, but produced 23 percent of total innovation output, as measured by number of patents, patent citations, and the economic value of these patents. Immigrant inventors are more likely to rely on foreign technologies, to collaborate with foreign inventors, and to be cited in foreign markets, thus contributing to the importation and diffusion of ideas across borders. Using an identification strategy that exploits premature inventor deaths, we find that immigrant inventors create especially strong positive externalities on the innovation production of their collaborators, while natives have a much weaker impact. A simple decomposition illustrates that immigrants are responsible for 36% of aggregate innovation, two-thirds of which is due to their innovation externalities on their native-born collaborators. Shai Bernstein Harvard Business School Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163 and NBER sbernstein@hbs.edu Rebecca Diamond Graduate School of Business Stanford University 655 Knight Way Stanford, CA 94305 and NBER diamondr@stanford.edu Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon Stanford University ajirana@stanford.edu Timothy McQuade Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 tmcquade@haas.berkeley. edu Beatriz Pousada Stanford Department of Economics Stanford, CA 94305 bpousada@stanford.edu
Numerical procedures for data assimilation in air pollution models An overview

We present an overview on several procedures for data assimilation applied to models in atmospheric chemistry, oceanography and air pollution. The data assimilation schemes are applied to models de ned by ordinary and partial di erential equations. Emphasis is laid on the performance evaluation of an adaptive proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) procedure with respect to the solution obtained with the classical 4D-Var (full model), and POD 4D-Var data assimilation, as well as that of two types of low-rank Kalman lters. Numerical simulations are also included.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF NEW FRICTION DAMPER DEVICE

A new friction damper device was designed to dissipate and absorb input energy in order to increase building safety. It can be used in retrofitting or in designing of new buildings. The friction damper was tested intensively in order to verify its characteristics and performance. This device consists of several steel plates that rotate against each other in opposite directions, producing friction between its parts. Utilization of this type of geometric deformation of the damper parts of frame displaced laterally, is a way to permit substantial controlled energy dissipation. The interfaces between the inner pieces of the device were faced by use of different materials such as brass or friction pad material. This device is characterized, especially when the friction pad material is used, by a very stable hysteric non-degrading behaviour over many cycles. It is also linearly dependent on displacement amplitude and normal load. Some velocity dependency was observed during tests, due to change of friction coefficient of sliding phase. The damper was implemented in a single story steel frame model. This frame is a 1/3-scale model of typical frame. It is connected to the frame by use of chevron-bracing system and prestressed bars were used instead of structural steel bracing sections. Harmonic loading was used to excite the frame. The response was studied for different values of parameters such as forcing frequencies, displacement amplitude, bolt-clamping force and prestressing bar force. In conclusion, using of supplemental damping provided by this friction damper, dissipate a big amount of kinetic energy in a structure, and thereby eliminate the utilization of structural ductility while the structure remain elastic without damage.
Estrogen receptor a and b in uterine fibroids : a basis for altered estrogen responsiveness

Panagiotis Bakas, M.D., Angelos Liapis, M.D., Spiros Vlahopoulos, Ph.D., Maria Giner, M.D., Stella Logotheti, B.Sc., Georgios Creatsas, M.D., Aggeliki K. Meligova, B.Sc., Michael N. Alexis, Ph.D., and Vassilis Zoumpourlis, Ph.D. a 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens; b Biomedical Application Unit; and c Molecular Endocrinology Programme, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
Dynamics of Marine Viruses along Eutrophication Gradients in Australian Subtropical Estuaries

2 Introduction 4 Materials / Methods 8 Description of Study Sites 8 Field Sampling 8 Enumeration of Micro-organisms 9 Viruses and Bacteria 9 Water Column Virus and Bacteria Enumeration 9 Benthic Virus and Bacteria Enumeration 10 Electron Microscopy of Viruses 11 Microalgae 11 Microalgal Pigments 12 Chemical and Physical Parameters 12 Nutrient Analyses 12 Salinity 12 Filterable Suspended Solids 12 Virus Production 13 Virus Concentrate Experiments 13 Preparation of High Molecular Weight Concentrate 13 In Situ Benthic Microalgae Experiments 14 Aquaria Benthic Microalgae Experiments 14 Phytoplankton Experiments 15 Statistical Analyses 16 Results 17 Characteristics of Nutrient and Salinity Gradients 17 Distribution of Viruses, Bacteria and Microalgae 17 Correlations Between Virus Abundance and Biotic / Abiotic Parameters 19 Virus Production 20 Effects of Virus Enrichment on Benthic Microalgae Along Eutrophication Gradients 20 Effects of Virus Enrichment on Phytoplanton Along Eutrophication Gradients 22 Discussion 23 Distribution of Microbial Communities along Eutrophication Gradients 23 Benthic Virus Abundance and Distribution 23 Pelagic Virus Abundance and Productivity 24 Interaction Between Pelagic and Benthic Virus Communities 25 Potential Hosts of Viruses 26 Potential Underestimation of Virus Abundance 27 Effects of Viruses on Hosts in the Brisbane River and Moreton Bay 28 Physiological Effects of Viruses on Benthic Microalgae 28 Ecological Effects of Viruses on Benthic Microalgae 29 Effects of Viruses on Phytoplankton 31 Comparison of Virus Infection in Eutrophic and Oligotrophic Microalgae 31 Ecological Significance of Viral Infection in Sediments And Water Column 32 Acknowledgements 33 Tables 34 Figures 41 Appendices 55 References 63