Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLICdet: The post-CDR CLIC detector model

A new model for the CLIC detector has been defined based on lessons learnt while working with the CDR detector models and after a series of simulation studies. The new model, dubbed "CLICdet", also incorporates the experience from various R&D activities linked to a future experiment at CLIC. This note describes the studies and thoughts leading to the new detector model, and gives details on all of its sub-detector systems. 2 Working Hypotheses
Cholangiolocellular Carcinoma With “Ductal Plate Malformation” Pattern May Be Characterized by ARID1A Genetic Alterations

Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) is a unique subtype of primary liver carcinoma, which sometimes coexists with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). “Ductal plate malformation” (DPM)-pattern of primary liver carcinoma, which resembles biliary lesions in Caroli disease and von Meyenburg complex, is sometimes associated with CLC. We examined genetic alterations of hTERT promoter (hTERT), IDH1 or 2 (IDH1/2), KRAS, ARID1A, PBRM1, ARID2, BAP1, p53 and their association with histologic features such as proportion of CLC and DPM-pattern in 77 patients with primary liver carcinoma diagnosed as cHCC-CCA or CLC. Primary liver carcinomas were histologically subdivided into 29 CLC-predominant (CLC component >80%), 31 with CLC (5% to 80%) and 17 without CLC (<5%). CLC-predominant group was characterized by older age, male-predominant and smaller tumor size. Genetic alterations were detected in hTERT (25%), ARID1A (21%), PBRM1 (20%), ARID2 (3%), BAP1 (1%), p53 (46%), KRAS (5%), and IDH1/2 (8%). ARID1A alteration was more frequent in CLC-predominant group, compared with other groups (P<0.05) and was correlated with the degree of DPM-pattern (P<0.01). Alterations of hTERT and p53 were less frequent in CLC-predominant group compared with “with CLC group” (P<0.05). hTERT mutation was less frequent in carcinomas with DPM-pattern (P<0.01). PBRM1 alteration was more frequent in CLC with focal HCC subgroup and without CLC group compared with other groups (P<0.05). CLC may be a distinct subgroup of primary liver carcinoma, which is different from cHCC-CCA, based on clinicopathologic and genetic alterations. ARID1A alterations may characterize CLC with DPM-pattern and could be a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for small CLCs with DPM-pattern.
Reliability of an fMRI paradigm for emotional processing in a multisite longitudinal study

Multisite neuroimaging studies can facilitate the investigation of brain‐related changes in many contexts, including patient groups that are relatively rare in the general population. Though multisite studies have characterized the reliability of brain activation during working memory and motor functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks, emotion processing tasks, pertinent to many clinical populations, remain less explored. A traveling participants study was conducted with eight healthy volunteers scanned twice on consecutive days at each of the eight North American Longitudinal Prodrome Study sites. Tests derived from generalizability theory showed excellent reliability in the amygdala ( Eρ2 = 0.82), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; Eρ2 = 0.83), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; Eρ2 = 0.76), insula ( Eρ2 = 0.85), and fusiform gyrus ( Eρ2 = 0.91) for maximum activation and fair to excellent reliability in the amygdala ( Eρ2 = 0.44), IFG ( Eρ2 = 0.48), ACC ( Eρ2 = 0.55), insula ( Eρ2 = 0.42), and fusiform gyrus ( Eρ2 = 0.83) for mean activation across sites and test days. For the amygdala, habituation ( Eρ2 = 0.71) was more stable than mean activation. In a second investigation, data from 111 healthy individuals across sites were aggregated in a voxelwise, quantitative meta‐analysis. When compared with a mixed effects model controlling for site, both approaches identified robust activation in regions consistent with expected results based on prior single‐site research. Overall, regions central to emotion processing showed strong reliability in the traveling participants study and robust activation in the aggregation study. These results support the reliability of blood oxygen level‐dependent signal in emotion processing areas across different sites and scanners and may inform future efforts to increase efficiency and enhance knowledge of rare conditions in the population through multisite neuroimaging paradigms. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2558–2579, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of region-of-influence methods for estimating high quantiles of precipitation in a dense dataset in the Czech Republic

Abstract. In this paper, we implement the region-of-influence (ROI) approach for modelling probabilities of heavy 1-day and 5-day precipitation amounts in the Czech Republic. The pooling groups are constructed according to (i) the regional homogeneity criterion (assessed by a built-in regional homogeneity test), which requires that in a pooling group the distributions of extremes are identical after scaling by the at-site mean; and (ii) the 5T rule, which sets the minimum number of stations to be included in a pooling group for estimation of a quantile corresponding to return period T. The similarity of sites is evaluated in terms of climatological and geographical site characteristics. We carry out a series of sensitivity analyses by means of Monte Carlo simulations in order to explore the importance of the individual site attributes, including hybrid pooling schemes that combine both types of the site attributes with different relative weights. We conclude that in a dense network of precipitation stations in the Czech Republic (on average 1 station in a square of about 20×20 km), the actual distance between the sites plays the most important role in determining the similarity of probability distributions of heavy precipitation. There are, however, differences between the optimum pooling schemes depending on the duration of the precipitation events. While in the case of 1-day precipitation amounts the pooling scheme based on the geographical proximity of sites outperforms all hybrid schemes, for multi-day amounts the inclusion of climatological site characteristics (although with much lower weights compared to the geographical distance) enhances the performance of the pooling schemes. This finding is in agreement with the climatological expectation since multi-day heavy precipitation events are more closely linked to some typical precipitation patterns over central Europe (related e.g. to the varied roles of Atlantic and Mediterranean influences) while the dependence of 1-day extremes on climatological characteristics such as mean annual precipitation is much weaker. The findings of the paper show a promising perspective for an application of the ROI methodology in evaluating outputs of regional climate models with high resolution: the pooling schemes might serve for defining weighting functions, and the large spatial variability in the grid-box estimates of high quantiles of precipitation amounts may efficiently be reduced.
Fitness and Training NGTH-POWER RELATIONSHIPS DURING TWO ER EXTREMITY MOVEMENTS IN FEMALE DIVISION

RJ, Dolny DG, Browder KD. Strength-power relationships two lower extremity movements in female Division I rowers. line 2006;9(3):41-52. The purpose of this study was to examine e of strength in the ability to express power during concentricCO) and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) leg press movements in p of similarly strength-trained members of a Division I female team, and to observe the effect of load on the relationship en strength and power. Subjects (n=30) performed oneion maximum (1RM) tests on the Omnikinetic (Omk) ometer as well as two series (CO vs. SSC) of explosive leg s with loads ranging from 30-80% 1RM. Moderate to strong nships were observed between 1RM and peak power (PP) (r = – 0.718) for both CO and SSC except for 80% CO and 70-80% There were few significant correlations between 1RM and power during the initial 200 ms of the concentric phase (P50-200). nally, subjects were placed into high-RM (n=13, 1RM>187 kg) w-RM (n=17, 1RM<187 kg) groups and compared. The high-RM had significantly greater PP at all loads for both CO and SSC 5). There were no significant differences at P50 for both CO and Stronger subjects had significantly greater P100 at 30–50% CO 40% SSC, greater P150 at 30–50% CO and at 40% SSC as well ater P200 at 30-50% CO and at 50-60% SSC. It appears that th plays a significant role in PP during both CO and SSC leg movements in similarly trained female Division I rowers and the of strength diminishes at the greatest loads. ords: Force, Concentric-Only, Stretch-Shortening Cycle Strength-Power Relationships 42
Determinants of Attitude of Customers towards Usage of Islamic Credit Card: A Study of Graduate Students of Kolej Universiti Insaniah

This study examines the factors that influence the attitude of customers toward utilization of Islamic credit cards among graduate students of Kolej Universiti Insaniah. The factors which are included in this study are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, knowledge on the Islamic credit card, financial cost and trust. The study adopts the application of the technology acceptance model (TAM) to capture factors which have impact on the usage of Islamic credit cards. The result from the regression shows that trust is the most significant predicting variable on the attitude to use Islamic credit cards with the 24.9% explanation on the variance. Three variables out of the five independents variables; trust, knowledge and financial cost jointly explained 40 % of the variance of attitude toward using Islamic credit cards. The remaining variables, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness do not have a significant contribution in predicting attitude toward using Islamic credit card. Keywords: Islamic Credit Card, Students, Usage
Diagnostic performance of gait speed, G8 and G8 modified indices to screen for vulnerability in older cancer patients: the prospective PF-EC cohort study

Background The diagnostic performance of tools used to screen vulnerability in older cancer patients varies widely. We assessed the diagnostic performance of gait speed (GS) for assessing vulnerability in such patients. Methods All consecutive outpatients 65 years and older were referred for geriatric oncology assessment (GA) before a therapeutic decision between November 2013 and April 2016 in a bicentric observational and prospective cohort study. Vulnerability was defined as impaired score on at least one of the 6 domains of the GA. GS and the G8 index and G8 modified index were assessed at the first geriatric oncology visit during the GA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and positive and negative likelihood ratio were estimated. The accuracy of the three tools was analysed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Among 269 included patients (mean [SD] age, 81.3 years [5.9]; 55% women, 94.4% solid tumors; 39.4% with metastasis), 252 (93.7%) had impaired GA. With the GS threshold of 1 m/s, sensitivity was 79.4% (95% CI, 73.8-84.2), specificity 64.7% (38.3-85.8), and AUC 82.0 (74.0-90.0). The corresponding values for the G8 index were 90.1% (85.7-93.5), 35.3% (14.2-61.7), and 79.0 (70.0-88.0) and G8 modified index were 89.3% (84.8-92.8), 64.7% (38.3-85.8), and 84.0 (74.0-92.0). Conclusions GS < 1 m/s with a single measure could be used as a new screening tool for detecting vulnerability in older cancer outpatients. This first external validation of the G8 modified index was very good.
Effect of meloxicam and lidocaine administered alone or in combination on indicators of pain and distress during and after knife castration in weaned beef calves

To assess the effect of meloxicam and lidocaine on indicators of pain associated with castration, forty-eight Angus crossbred beef calves (304 ± 40.5 kg of BW, 7–8 months of age) were used in a 28 day experiment. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial design where main factors included provision of analgesia and local anaesthesia. Analgesia consisted of: no-meloxicam (N; n = 24) single s.c. administration of lactated ringer’s solution and meloxicam (M; n = 24) single dose of 0.5 mg/kg of s.c. meloxicam. Local anesthesia consisted of: no-lidocaine (R; n = 24) ring block administration of lactated ringer’s solution or lidociane (L; n = 24) ring block administration of lidocaine. To yield the following treatments: no meloxicam + no lidocaine (N-R; n = 12), no meloxicam + lidocaine (N-L; n = 12), meloxicam + no lidocaine (M-R; n = 12) and meloxicam + lidocaine (M-L; n = 12). Salivary cortisol concentrations were lower (lidocaine × time effect; P < 0.01) in L calves than R calves 0.5 and 1 hours after castration, while concentrations were lower (meloxicam × time effect; P = 0.02) in M calves than N calves at 2, 4 and 48 hours. The serum amyloid-A concentrations were greater (lidocaine × time effect; P < 0.01) in R calves than L calves on days 1, 3, 21 and 28 after castration. Haptoglobin concentrations were greater (meloxicam × time effect; P = 0.01) in N calves than M calves 24 and 48 hours after castration. Lower (lidocaine effect; P < 0.01) visual analog scale (VAS) scores, leg movement frequencies and head movement distance were observed in L calves than R calves at the time of castration. Escape behaviour during castration was lower (lidocaine effect; P < 0.05) in L calves than R calves based on data captured with accelerometer and head gate devices. Scrotal circumference had a triple interaction (lidocaine × meloxicam × time; P = 0.03), where M-R calves had greater scrotal circumference than M-L calves 28 d after castration, but no differences were observed between both groups and N-R and N-L calves. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for average daily gain (ADG), weights or feeding behaviour. Overall, both lidocaine and meloxicam reduced physiological and behavioural indicators of pain. Although there was only one meloxicam × lidocaine interaction, lidocaine and meloxicam reduced physiological and behavioural parameters at different time points, which could be more effective at mitigating pain than either drug on its own.
Identification of Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak) resistant to the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in native stands using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy

Over the last two decades coast live oak (CLO) dominance in many California coastal ecosystems has been threatened by the alien invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. In spite of high infection and mortality rates in some areas, the presence of apparently resistant trees has been observed, including trees that become infected but recover over time. However, identifying resistant trees based on recovery alone can take many years. The objective of this study was to determine if Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, a chemical fingerprinting technique, can be used to identify CLO resistant to P. ramorum prior to infection. Soft independent modeling of class analogy identified spectral regions that differed between resistant and susceptible trees. Regions most useful for discrimination were associated with carbonyl group vibrations. Additionally, concentrations of two putative phenolic biomarkers of resistance were predicted using partial least squares regression; >99% of the variation was explained by this analysis. This study demonstrates that chemical fingerprinting can be used to identify resistance in a natural population of forest trees prior to infection with a pathogen. FT-IR spectroscopy may be a useful approach for managing forests impacted by sudden oak death, as well as in other situations where emerging or existing forest pests and diseases are of concern.
Title Early clinical and laboratory risk factors of intensive care unit requirement during 2004-2008 dengue epidemics in Singapore : a matched case-control study

Background: Dengue infection can result in severe clinical manifestations requiring intensive care. Effective triage is critical for early clinical management to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, there is limited knowledge on early risk factors of intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. This study aims to identify early clinical and laboratory risk factors of ICU requirement at first presentation in hospital and 24 hours prior to ICU requirement. Method: A retrospective 1:4 matched case–control study was performed with 27 dengue patients who required ICU, and 108 dengue patients who did not require ICU from year 2004–2008, matched by year of dengue presentation. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were performed. Optimal predictive models were generated with statistically significant risk factors identified using stepwise forward and backward elimination method. Results: ICU dengue patients were significantly older (P=0.003) and had diabetes (P=0.031), compared with non-ICU dengue patients. There were seven deaths among ICU patients at median seven days post fever. At first presentation, the WHO 2009 classification of dengue severity was significantly associated (P<0.001) with ICU, but not the WHO 1997 classification. Early clinical risk factors at presentation associated with ICU requirement were hematocrit change ≥20% concurrent with platelet <50 K [95% confidence-interval (CI)=2.46-30.53], hypoproteinemia (95% CI=1.09-19.74), hypotension (95% CI=1.83-31.79) and severe organ involvement (95% CI=3.30-331). Early laboratory risk factors at presentation were neutrophil proportion (95% CI=1.04-1.17), serum urea (95% CI=1.02-1.56) and alanine aminotransferase level (95% CI=1.001-1.06). This predictive model has sensitivity and specificity up to 88%. Early laboratory risk factors at 24 hours prior to ICU were lymphocyte (95% CI=1.03-1.38) and monocyte proportions (95% CI=1.02-1.78), pulse rate (95% CI=1.002-1.14) and blood pressure (95% CI=0.92-0.996). This predictive model has sensitivity and specificity up to 88.9% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first matched case–control study, to our best knowledge, that identified early clinical and laboratory risk factors of ICU requirement during hospitalization. These factors suggested differential pathophysiological background of dengue patients as early as first presentation prior to ICU requirement, which may reflect the pathogenesis of dengue severity. These risk models may facilitate clinicians in triage of patients, after validating in larger independent studies.
Solving the "selective intervention" puzzle

This paper discusses the way in which the economic literature has solved Williamson’s selective intervention puzzle: why is that vertical integration, which gives the purchasing firm more control over its trading partner, not always more profitable than vertical separation? I argue that all the models which tackle this problem share a common feature: in the contracts which describe the relations between agents, the principal still makes decisions and acts after the contract is signed. As a consequence, the greater control provided by vertical integration can affect the principal’s ex-post behavior in ways which are ex-ante point of view detrimental to its profits.
Is aquaculture development an effective tool for poverty alleviation? A review of theory and evidence.

What role does the growth in aquaculture play in poverty reduction? In theory, aquaculture development could affect the poor either positively or negatively, so the article reviews the available empirical literature. There is almost no evidence of aquaculture reducing poverty directly, but the literature presents numerous examples of how the development of aquaculture can influence poverty-related outcomes. The article concludes that the answer to the question stated in its title is highly context-specific, so rigorous social impact assessment of major projects in the sector will continue to be necessary. Further, if the objective of aquaculture development is to reduce poverty, more emphasis should be placed on the labour-intensity of new technologies, and less on their yield increasing properties. Finally, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the main barriers to adoption of aquaculture by the poor, and the effect of that adoption on the welfare of the poor.
THE IMPACT OF GLOSS TYPES ON IRANIAN EFL STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION AND LEXICAL RETENTION

Research has shown that the effect of marginal glosses on reading comprehension and vocabulary retention is a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue among Iranian university EFL students. Three types of glosses were applied in this study: single gloss in participants’ first language (SL1G), single gloss in participants’ second language (SL2G), and multiple-choice gloss (MCG) in participants’ second language. One hundred and twenty undergraduate students majoring in English Teaching at Azad University of Najafabad, Iran, read the texts under three conditions: SL1G, SL2G, and MCG. Afterwards, participants answered two vocabulary tests, one administered immediately after the reading test and another three weeks later. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and follow-up post hoc tests (p<.05) showed that MCG facilitated participants’ vocabulary learning while reading the text more than SLGs. The results of One-way ANOVA also revealed that SL2G was the most facilitative gloss type for the participants’ reading comprehension. The study illustrates how different types of textual glosses can affect both reading comprehension and vocabulary retention. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Bio-inspired Parametric Design for Adaptive Stadium Façades

The challenge of developing sustainable, adaptive architecture requires unconventional approaches to innovative knowledge about composition and dynamic interaction between building facades and environmental conditions. These approaches are often inspired by biology, its complex fine-tuned behaviour and integration of living systems. This paper proposes a system inspired from the optics of reflecting superposition compound eyes to create responsive facade structures that capture and distribute daylight within a building in response to the movement of the sun. This is investigated using the parametric reshaping of a building envelop as part of solar radiation and target ray simulations. The prototype facade system is capable of adapting to different functional needs, locations, times of the day, and other contextual conditions. Keywords: Biomimetics, kinetic/adaptive facades, reflecting superposition compound eyes