Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unified frequentist and Bayesian testing of a precise hypothesis

In this paper, we show that the conditional frequentist method of testing a precise hypothesis can be made virtually equiva- lent to Bayesian testing. The conditioning strategy proposed by Berger, Brown and Wolpert in 1994, for the simple versus simple case, is gener- alized to testing a precise null hypothesis versus a composite alternative hypothesis. Using this strategy, both the conditional frequentist and the Bayesian will report the same error probabilities upon rejecting or ac- cepting. This is of considerable interest because it is often perceived that Bayesian and frequentist testing are incompatible in this situation. That they are compatible, when conditional frequentist testing is allowed, is a strong indication that the \wrong" frequentist tests are currently be- ing used for postexperimental assessment of accuracy. The new unied testing procedure is discussed and illustrated in several common testing situations.
Homocysteine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression via transcription factor Nrf2 activation in HepG2 cell.

BACKGROUND Elevated level of plasma homocysteine has been related to various diseases. Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia can develop hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by homocysteine might play an important role in pathogenesis of liver injury. Also, the cellular response designed to combat oxidative stress is primarily controlled by the transcription factor Nrf2, a principal inducer of anti-oxidant and phase II-related genes. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with homocysteine in different time periods. Glutathione content was measured by flowcytometry. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western-blotting, anti-oxidant response element (ARE)-binding activity of Nrf2 for heme ocygenase-1 (HO-1) was demonstrated. Real time RT-PCR and Western-blotting were performed to evaluate whether homocysteine was able to induce mRNA and protein expression of HO-1. RESULTS The role of Nrf2 in cellular response to homocysteine is substantiated by the following observations in HepG2 cells exposed to homocysteine (i) Western-blotting revealed that Nrf2 is strongly stabilized and became detectable in nuclear extracts. (ii) EMSA demonstrated increased binding of Nrf2 to oligomers containing HO-1 promoter-specific ARE-binding site. (iii) Real time RT-PCR and Western-blotting revealed increased mRNA and protein expression of inducible gene HO-1 after treatment with homocysteine. CONCLUSION Data presented in the current study provide direct evidence that the immediate cellular response to oxidative stress provoked by homocysteine is orchestrated mainly by the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Therefore, induction of Nrf2-ARE-dependent expression of HO-1 could be a therapeutic option for hepatic cells damage induced by homocysteine.
Deciphering amphibian diversity through DNA barcoding: chances and challenges

Amphibians globally are in decline, yet there is still a tremendous amount of unrecognized diversity, calling for an acceleration of taxonomic exploration. This process will be greatly facilitated by a DNA barcoding system; however, the mitochondrial population structure of many amphibian species presents numerous challenges to such a standardized, single locus, approach. Here we analyse intra- and interspecific patterns of mitochondrial variation in two distantly related groups of amphibians, mantellid frogs and salamanders, to determine the promise of DNA barcoding with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) sequences in this taxon. High intraspecific cox1 divergences of 7–14% were observed (18% in one case) within the whole set of amphibian sequences analysed. These high values are not caused by particularly high substitution rates of this gene but by generally deep mitochondrial divergences within and among amphibian species. Despite these high divergences, cox1 sequences were able to correctly identify species including disparate geographic variants. The main problems with cox1 barcoding of amphibians are (i) the high variability of priming sites that hinder the application of universal primers to all species and (ii) the observed distinct overlap of intraspecific and interspecific divergence values, which implies difficulties in the definition of threshold values to identify candidate species. Common discordances between geographical signatures of mitochondrial and nuclear markers in amphibians indicate that a single-locus approach can be problematic when high accuracy of DNA barcoding is required. We suggest that a number of mitochondrial and nuclear genes may be used as DNA barcoding markers to complement cox1.
Review: Evaluation and management of dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a common clinical problem seen by both primary care physicians and gastroenterologists. Initial evaluation should focus on the identification and treatment of potential causes of symptoms such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and medication side effects but also on recognizing those at risk for more serious conditions such as gastric cancer. This manuscript discusses the evaluation and management of dyspepsia including the role of proton-pump inhibitors, treatment of Helicobacter pylori, and endoscopy. Finally, treatment of refractory functional dyspepsia is addressed.
Preferentially impaired neurotransmitter release sites not their discreteness compromise the validity of microdialysis zero‐net‐flux method

Intracerebral microdialysis is a popular technique for studying neurochemistry and neural circuits in various brain regions. Recent studies called into question the validity of the microdialysis zero‐net‐flux (ZNF) method by suggesting that this method significantly underestimates the basal level of extracellular dopamine as a result of the discreteness of dopamine release sites as well as the preferential damage to dopamine release over uptake. To identify which factor is most important in undermining the microdialysis ZNF measurements and the extent of underestimation, two mathematical models were developed to explore the influences of the discrete nature and the probe‐induced impairment in the neurotransmitter release. The two models differ in their characterizations of the transmitter release as spatially discrete and homogeneous, respectively. Simulations using physiologically reasonable parameters for striatal dopamine systems indicate that the preferential release site damage surrounding the implanted probe is the most important determinant to the underestimation of the microdialysis ZNF concentration. Under normal physiological conditions, the discreteness of neurotransmitter release sites is of minor importance, except when neuronal degeneration occurs. It is concluded that homogeneous models can adequately describe microdialysis operating processes as long as the corresponding tissue damage parameters in such models are appropriately incorporated.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA of human X chromosomal gene (CCG1) which complements the temperature‐sensitive G1 mutants, tsBN462 and ts13, of the BHK cell line.

The tsBN462 cell line, a temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutant isolated from the hamster cell line, BHK21/13 has a ts defect in G1 progression and belongs to the same complementation group as the ts13 cell line. We cloned human cDNA which can complement both tsBN462 and ts13 mutations, from the cDNA library of the secondary ts+ transformant (K‐1‐1) of tsBN462 cells using, as a probe, the isolated human X chromosomal genomic DNA. The cloned DNA is 5.3 kb long and has an open reading frame of 4662 bp, encoding a protein of 178,768 daltons. The putative protein is hydrophilic with a tandem repeat of 120 amino acids in the C‐terminal region. An amino acid sequence (PPKKKRRV), similar to the consensus sequence for the nuclear translocation signal, is located immediately before the tandem repeat of amino acids.
The effect of the Nintendo Wii Fit on balance control and gross motor function of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy

Objective: To study the impact of training using the Nintendo Wii Fit in 14 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: A single-subject single blinded design with multiple subjects and baselines was utilised. Interactive video gaming (IVG) in lieu of regular physiotherapy was given for 3 weeks. Outcome measures included modified balance and running speed and agility (RSA) scales of the Bruininks–Oserestky test of Motor Performance 2 and the timed up and down stairs (TUDS). Results: Balances score improved significantly (F(2, 26) = 9.8286, p = 0.001). Changes over time in the RSA (F(2, 26) = 0.86198, p = 0.434) and the TUDS (F(2, 26) = 1.3862, p = 0.268) were not significant. Ten children preferred the intervention to conventional physiotherapy. Conclusion: Most children preferred the IVG but as the effect did not carry over into function, IVG should not be used in place of conventional therapy and further research is needed into its use as an adjunct to therapy.
Electromagnetic Scattering From General Bi-Isotropic Objects Using Time-Domain Integral Equations Combined With PMCHWT Formulations

Electromagnetic scattering by general bi-isotropic objects is calculated by using the time-domain integral equations which are incorporated with the Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai (PMCHWT) formulations. By introducing a pair of equivalent electric and magnetic sources, electromagnetic fields inside a homogeneous bi-isotropic region can be represented by these sources over its boundary after applying fields splitting method. A series of coupled surface integral equations are obtained after imposing boundary conditions. These equations are then solved numerically using the method of moment (MoM) which involves separate spatial and temporal testing procedures. The Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions are used as the spatial expansion and testing functions, and the weighted Laguerre functions are derived as the temporal basis and testing functions. Numerical results such as transient currents, far scattered fields, and normalized radar cross sections are presented and compared with analytical results as well as MoM-based frequency-domain analysis, and good agreements are observed.
Analysis of D-Q Small-Signal Impedance of Grid-Tied Inverters

This paper analyzes the small-signal impedance of three-phase grid-tied inverters with feedback control and phase-locked loop (PLL) in the synchronous reference (d-q) frame. The result unveils an interesting and important feature of three-phase grid-tied inverters - namely, that its q-q channel impedance behaves as a negative incremental resistor. Moreover, this paper shows that this behavior is a consequence of grid synchronization, where the bandwidth of the PLL determines the frequency range of the resistor behavior, and the power rating of the inverter determines the magnitude of the resistor. Advanced PLL, current, and power control strategies do not change this feature. An example shows that under weak grid conditions, a change of the PLL bandwidth could lead the inverter system to unstable conditions as a result of this behavior. Harmonic resonance and instability issues can be analyzed using the proposed impedance model. Simulation and experimental measurements verify the analysis.
No evidence for parallel sympatric speciation in cichlid species of the genus Pseudotropheus from north‐western Lake Malawi

Abstract To test the hypothesis of parallel speciation by sexual selection, we examined length variation at six microsatellite loci of samples from four sites of four to six putative species belonging to two subgenera of rocky shore mbuna cichlids from Lake Malawi. Almost all fixation indices were significantly different from zero, suggesting that there is presently little or no gene flow among allopatric populations or sympatric species. Analysis of variance indicated that genetic distances among allopatric populations of putative conspecifics were significantly lower than among sympatric populations of heterospecifics. The topology of trees based on distance matrices was also largely consistent with the hypothesis that the putative species are monophyletic and have thus not evolved in parallel in their present locations. If parallel speciation does occur in Malawi cichlids, it may be on a larger spatial scale than investigated in our study.
Within-tree variation in density and survival of leafminers on oak Quercus dentata

The density and survival of leafminers were examined on 50 sun leaves from each of 65 Quercus dentata Thunb. individuals in northern Japan in 1997 and 1998. Phyllonorycter (two species), Caloptilia (one species) and Stigmella (three species) were abundant or common on this oak in the study area. These leafminers appeared after mid-June, whereas most externally feeding caterpillars occurred from late May to early June when the water content and nitrogen concentration of leaves were high. The density of these leafminers was about four times higher in 1998 than in 1997. A negative correlation was more often observed between mine density and leaf size, leaf wet weight per area or leaf toughness in the Phyllonorycter species, but the opposite correlation was more frequent for Caloptilia and Stigmella species. Conversely, no clear relation was observed between the survival of Phyllonorycter larvae and leaf traits. In all leafminers except the gregarious Stigmella species, the mine density was more often positively correlated with leaf damage by chewing insects, and also the survival of Phyllonorycter larvae was often positively correlated with leaf damage. In the Phyllonorycter species, the survival of larvae tended to increase with the increase in density at the autumn generation. The correlation in the densities of mines between the summer and autumn generations was more frequently positive in the Phyllonorycter and Caloptilia species. In addition, the densities of different leafminers were often positively correlated. Thus, relations among leafminers, between leafminers and externally feeding caterpillars, and also between herbivores and host plants are complicated.
The role of rituximab in combination with pentostatin or cladribine for the treatment of recurrent/refractory hairy cell leukemia

The purine analogs pentostatin and cladribine have revolutionized the treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with overall responses in greater than 85% of patients and a median progression‐free survival of up to 15 years. They continue to be effective at second‐ and even third‐line therapy; however, alternative treatments are needed for patients who are or have become refractory to these agents or whose remissions are shorter with each course of therapy.
Cardiovascular responses to acute mental "stress" in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), aged 7 months (‘manifest’ hypertension) or 10–11 weeks (‘prehypertensive’), and renal hypertensive rats (RHR; ‘nonhereditary’ hypertension were compared with normotensive rats (NCR) concerning cardiovascular responses to mental ‘stress’. Blood pressure and heart rate were followed in pairs of awake SHR—NCR and RHR—NCR, while defence reactions were provoked by alerting stimuli (light, noise, vibrations). The tachycardia, here involving both accentuated sympathetic and centrally suppressed vagal discharge, reflected the intensity of neural activation and the pressuie rise the imposed load on heart and vessels. In both respects the SHR groups responded decidedly stronger than NCR and RHR, also after either adrenergic or vagal cardiac blockade. Since SHR and NCR hearts responded equally to graded vagal stimulations or to isoprenaline, the enhanced tachycardia responses reflected a truly intensified defence reaction in SHR. Further, SHR responded more often to mild stimuli than NCR, suggesting a lower ‘threshold’ for defence reactions, and more frequently with clearcut defence reactions than NCR which exhibited vagal bradycardia responses in 30 %, versus 5 % in SHR. This hyperreactivity and apparent prevalence concerning ‘sympathotonic’ patterns in SHR during alertness, in turn tending to trigger structural vascular adaptation and manifest hypertension, is evidently genetically linked and not secondary to hypertension, being observed particularly in ‘prehypertensive’ SHR but not in RHR.
A model structure of the muscle protein complex 4Ca2+.troponin C.troponin I derived from small-angle scattering data: implications for regulation.

We report here a model structure for 4Ca2+. troponin C.troponin I derived from small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data using a Monte Carlo modeling method. In this model, troponin I appears as a spiral structure that wraps around 4Ca2+. troponin C which adopts an extended dumbbell conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structures of troponin C. The troponin I spiral has the approximate dimensions of an alpha-helix and winds through the hydrophobic "cups" in each globular domain of troponin C. The model is consistent with a body of previously published biochemical data on the interactions between troponin C and troponin I, and suggests the molecular mechanism for the Ca(2+)-sensitive switch that regulates the muscle contraction/relaxation cycle involves a signal transmitted via the central spiral region of troponin I.
PLASMA‐DIAZEPAM IN INFANTS AFTER RECTAL ADMINISTRATION IN SOLUTION AND BY SUPPOSITORY

Abstract. Twenty infants aged 1–2 years who had previously had one attack of febrile convulsions were randomly given a single dose of diazepam rectally, either as a solution (0.7 mg/kg) or by suppository (5 mg). Plasmadiazepam levels were determined repeatedly during the first hour using gas chromatography. Rectal administration of diazepam in solution resulted in anticonvulsant plasma values within 4±1 min. Similar plasma levels were obtained only after 20–30 min in the group treated with suppositories. Diazepam in solution given rectally may therefore be useful in the acute treatment of febrile convulsions, while treatment by suppository would seem to be of little value in this respect. Moreover, diazepam in solution given rectally seems suitable for use at home in case of recurrent febrile convulsions. This treatment, however, cannot be recommended until the anticonvulsant effect and side‐effects have been elucidated further.
SPECIES MOTIF EXTRACTION USING LPBS Sharifah Lailee

This paper presents the use of the ̳Linear-PSO with Binary Search‘ (LPBS) algorithm for discovering motifs, especially species-specific motifs. In this study, fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI/COX1) and genome of COI were collected from the Genbank online database. For the first experiment, the genome of COI was used as a reference set and other DNA sequences were used as a comparison set. All the collected DNA sequences are from the same species. The results show that the LPBS algorithm is able to discover motifs. For the second experiment, all the discovered motifs were used as a reference set and the genome of COI from other species were used as a comparison set. The results show that the LPBS algorithm is able to identify correct motifs for species identification.
The Interaction Effect of Perceived Competence and Goal Harmony on Perceived Usefulness

The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence teachers’ perceived usefulness of e-learning technology in a university context. We argue that perceived competence and goal harmony will have an interaction effect on perceived usefulness as well as being predictor variables themselves. Additionally, we include and test the established constructs of confirmation of pre- adoption expectations, and perceived ease of use as independent variables and controls in the study. The model is tested in a university setting, and the results show that perceived competence and goal harmony are positively related to perceived usefulness. The negative interaction effect between goal harmony and perceived competence on perceived usefulness is also supported, indicating the synergic effect of these two constructs on the dependent variable.
Students' network integration as a predictor of persistence in introductory physics courses

Increasing student retention (successfully finishing a particular course) and persistence (continuing through the major area of study) is currently a major challenge for universities. While students' academic and social integration into an institution seems to be vital for student retention, research into the effect of interpersonal interactions is rare. We use the network analysis approach to investigate academic and social experiences of students in the classroom. In particular, centrality measures identify patterns of interaction that contribute to integration into the university. Using these measures, we analyze how position within a social network in a Modeling Instruction (MI) course -- a course that strongly emphasizes interactive learning -- impacts their persistence in taking a subsequent physics course. Students with higher centrality at the end of the first semester of MI are more likely to enroll in a second semester of MI. Moreover, we found that chances of successfully inferring the persistence based on centrality measures are fairly high -- up to $75\%$, making the centrality a good predictor of persistence. These findings indicate that student social integration influences persistence and that it may help in designing retention strategies in STEM fields.
Private Equity Investment Game Base on Fuzzy Optimization

This paper analyze the uncertainty impact factors and asymmetric information in the two private equity investment decision-making stages. Attributed the private equity candidate firms’ select to fuzzy optimal assessment. Build a risk-weight fuzzy optimal return model to assess the candidate firms. Get the optimal solution set. Boils down the private equity investment game to incomplete and dynamic game: signaling game. Get the combination perfect Bayesian equilibrium solution. An example is used to demonstrate the selection model and game model represent in this paper.
Interoception in pathological health anxiety.

According to cognitive-behavioral models, pathological health anxiety is triggered and maintained by the perception of mostly mild and benign bodily sensations that are misinterpreted as signs of illness. Arguably, abnormalities in interoception may account for this misguided preoccupation with somatic sensations. Using a multimethod approach, the current study investigated possible abnormalities in interoception in patients with pathological health anxiety (PHA; n = 51) and healthy participants (n = 56). Different types of interoception were assessed with a heartbeat-tracking task and a signal-detection task for nonspecific skin conductance fluctuations (NSCFs task). Patients compared with healthy participants showed a more liberal interoceptive response bias for NSCFs, t(79) = 2.32, p = . 02, d = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.30, 0.68). Specifically, patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder compared with healthy participants exhibited a significantly higher interoceptive sensitivity for NSCFs, t(57) = 3.12, p < . 01, d = 0.89, 95% CI (0.54, 1.12). No evidence for higher interoceptive sensitivity in PHA (neither in the heartbeat mental tracking task nor in the NSCF task) was observed after accounting for comorbid anxiety disorders. The findings suggest that higher interoceptive sensitivity might not be specific to health anxiety, but rather associated with factors shared with the anxiety disorders. Biased (i.e., more liberal) interoceptive processing appears more specific to health anxiety, but further studies using larger sample sizes and a multimethod approach for the assessment of interoception are needed to more completely unravel the role of interoception in health anxiety. (PsycINFO Database Record