Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical mechanics of strong and weak point vortices in a cylinder

The motion of 100 point vortices in a circular cylinder is simulated numerically and compared with theoretical predictions based on statistical mechanics. The novel aspect considered here is that the vortices have greatly different circulation strengths. Specifically, there are 4 strong vortices and 96 weak vortices, the net circulation in either group is zero, and the strong circulations are five times larger than the weak circulations. As envisaged by Onsager [Nuovo Cimento, Suppl. 6, 279 (1949)], such an arrangement leads to a substantial amplification of statistical trends such as the preferred clustering of the strong vortices in either same-signed or oppositely signed pairs, depending on the overall energy level. To prepare the ground, this behavior is illustrated here first by a simple toy model with exactly solvable statistics. A microcanonical ensemble based on the conserved total energy E and angular momentum M for the whole vortex system is then used, in which the few strong vortices are treate.
The DAFT/FADA survey. I. Photometric redshifts along lines of sight to clusters in the z = [0.4, 0.9] interval

Context. As a contribution to the understanding of the dark energy concept, the Dark energy American French Team (DAFT, in French FADA) has started a large project to characterize statistically high redshift galaxy clusters, infer cosmological constraints from weak lensing tomography, and understand biases relevant for constraining dark energy and cluster physics in future cluster and cosmological experiments. Aims. The purpose of this paper is to establish the basis of reference for the photo-z determination used in all our subsequent papers, including weak lensing tomography studies. Methods. This project is based on a sample of 91 high redshift (z ≥ 0.4), massive (>3 × 10 14 M� ) clusters with existing HST imaging, for which we are presently performing complementary multi-wavelength imaging. This allows us in particular to estimate spectral types and determine accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies along the lines of sight to the first ten clusters for which all the required data are available down to a limit of IAB = 24. /24.5 with the LePhare software. The accuracy in redshift is of the order of 0.05 for the range 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.5. Results. We verified that the technique applied to obtain photometric redshifts works well by comparing our results to with previous works. In clusters, photo-z accuracy is degraded for bright absolute magnitudes and for the latest and earliest type galaxies. The photo-z accuracy also only slightly varies as a function of the spectral type for field galaxies. As a consequence, we find evidence for an environmental dependence of the photo-z accuracy, interpreted as the standard used spectral energy distributions being not very well suited to cluster galaxies. Finally, we modeled the LCDCS 0504 mass with the strong arcs detected along this line of sight.
Improved analysis ofB!e from QCD sum rules on the light-cone

We present a new calculation of the B ! form-factorf+, relevant for the measurement ofjVubjfrom semileptonicB! transitions, from QCD sum rules on the light-cone. The new element is the calculation of radiative corrections tonext-to-leadingtwist-3accuracy. Wendthatthesecontributionsarefactorizable atO(s), which lends additional support to the method of QCD sum rules on the light-cone. Weobtainf+(0)=0:260:060:05,wherethersterroraccountsforthe uncertaintyintheinput-parametersandthesecondisaguesstimateofthesystematic uncertainty induced by the approximations inherent in the method. We also obtain a simple parametrization of the form-factor which is valid in the entire kinematical range of semileptonic decays and consistent with vector-meson dominance at large momentum-transfer.
Equivariant Fields in an $SU({\cal N})$ Gauge Theory with new Spontaneously Generated Fuzzy Extra Dimensions

We find new spontaneously generated fuzzy extra dimensions emerging from a certain deformation of $N=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with cubic soft supersymmetry breaking and mass deformation terms. First, we determine a particular four dimensional fuzzy vacuum that may be expressed in terms of a direct sum of product of two fuzzy spheres, and denote it in short as $S_F^{2\, Int}\times S_F^{2\, Int}$. The direct sum structure of the vacuum is revealed by a suitable splitting of the scalar fields in the model in a manner that generalizes our approach in \cite{Seckinson}. Fluctuations around this vacuum have the structure of gauge fields over $S_F^{2\, Int}\times S_F^{2\, Int}$, and this enables us to conjecture the spontaneous broken model as an effective $U(n)$ $(n < {\cal N})$ gauge theory on the product manifold $M^4 \times S_F^{2\, Int} \times S_F^{2\, Int}$. We support this interpretation by examining the $U(4)$ theory and determining all of the $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ equivariant fields in the model, characterizing its low energy degrees of freedom. Monopole sectors with winding numbers $(\pm 1,0),\,(0,\pm1),\,(\pm1,\pm 1)$ are accessed from $S_F^{2\, Int}\times S_F^{2\, Int}$ after suitable projections and subsequently equivariant fields in these sectors are obtained. We indicate how Abelian Higgs type models with vortex solutions emerge after dimensionally reducing over the fuzzy monopole sectors as well. A family of fuzzy vacua is determined by giving a systematic treatment for the splitting of the scalar fields and it is made manifest that suitable projections of these vacuum solutions yield all higher winding number fuzzy monopole sectors. We observe that the vacuum configuration $S_F^{2\, Int}\times S_F^{2\, Int}$ identifies with the bosonic part of the product of two fuzzy superspheres with $OSP(2,2)\times OSP(2,2)$ supersymmetry and elaborate on this feature.
Rapidly rotating B stars with viscous Keplerian decretion disks

In the past decade, a consensus has emerged regarding the nature of clas- sical Be stars: They are very rapidly rotating main sequence B stars, which, through a still unknown, but increasingly constrained process, form an outwardly diffusing gaseous, dust-free Keplerian disk. In this work, first the definition of Be stars is con- trasted to similar classes, and common observables obtained for Be stars are intro- duced and the respective formation mechanisms explained. We then review the cur- rent state of knowledge concerning the central stars as non-radially pulsating objects and non-magnetic stars, as far as it concerns large-scale, i.e., mostly dipolar, global fields. Localized, weak magnetic fields remain possible, but are as of yet unproven. The Be-phenomenon, linked with one or more mass-ejection processes, acts on top of a rotation rate of about 75 % of critical or above. The properties of the process can be well constrained, leaving only few options, most importantly, but not exclusively, non-radial pulsation and small-scale magnetic fields. Of these, it is well possible that all are realized: In different stars, different processes may be acting. Once the mate- rial has been lifted into Keplerian orbit, memory of the details of the ejection process is lost, and the material is governed by viscosity. The disks are fairly well understood in the theoretical framework of the viscous decretion disk model. This is not only true for the disk structure, but as well for its variability, both cyclic and secular. Be binaries are reviewed under the aspect of the various types of interactions a com-
Automatic design of orthogonal or near-orthogonal linear dispersive space-time block codes

This paper considers a wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system in a frequency-nonselective scenario with spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel coefficients and investigates the design of linear dispersive (LD) space-time block codes. Efficient LD codes are obtained by optimizing the constituent weight matrices so that an upper bound on the union bound of the codeword error probability is minimized. Interestingly, the proposed design procedure automatically generates LD codes that either correspond to, or are close to, the well-known class of orthogonal space-time block (OSTB) codes. A theoretical analysis confirms this by proving that OSTB codes are indeed optimal, when the setup under study permits their existence. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the designed codes. In particular, the importance of the codes' near-orthogonal property is illustrated by showing that low-complexity linear equalizer techniques can be used for decoding purposes while incurring a relatively moderate performance loss compared with optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding
Magnetic bion condensation: A new mechanism of confinement and mass gap in four dimensions

In recent work, we derived the long-distance confining dynamics of certain QCD-like gauge theories formulated on small S{sup 1}xR{sup 3} based on symmetries, an index theorem, and Abelian duality. Here, we give the microscopic derivation. The solution reveals a new mechanism of confinement in QCD(adj) in the regime where we have control over both perturbative and nonperturbative aspects. In particular, consider SU(2) QCD(adj) theory with 1{<=}n{sub f}{<=}4 Majorana fermions, a theory which undergoes gauge symmetry breaking at small S{sup 1}. If the magnetic charge of the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) monopole is normalized to unity, we show that confinement occurs due to condensation of objects with magnetic charge 2, not 1. Because of index theorems, we know that such an object cannot be a two identical monopole configuration. Its net topological charge must vanish, and hence it must be topologically indistinguishable from the perturbative vacuum. We construct such non-self-dual topological excitations, the magnetically charged, topologically null molecules of a BPS monopole and KK antimonopole, which we refer to as magnetic bions. An immediate puzzle with this proposal is the apparent Coulomb repulsion between the BPS-KK pair. An attraction which overcomes the Coulomb repulsion between the two is induced by 2n{sub f}-fermion exchange.more » Bion condensation is also the mechanism of confinement in N=1 SYM on the same four-manifold. The SU(N) generalization hints a possible hidden integrability behind nonsupersymmetric QCD of affine Toda type, and allows us to analytically compute the mass gap in the gauge sector. We currently do not know the extension to R{sup 4}. « less
ESTIMATES FOR PRACTICAL QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

In this article I present a protocol for quantum cryptography which is secure against attacks on individual signals. It is based on the Bennett-Brassard protocol of 1984 (BB84). The security proof is complete as far as the use of single photons as signal states is concerned. Emphasis is given to the practicability of the resulting protocol. For each run of the quantum key distribution the security statement gives the probability of a successful key generation and the probability for an eavesdropper's knowledge, measured as change in Shannon entropy, to be below a specified maximal value.
Evolution of the distribution of stellar mass and light since redshift of unity

Abstract We use data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the DEEP2 survey to characterize the distribution of stellar mass and light of galaxies in the low-redshift and z = 1 Universe. We investigate the clustering bias of stellar mass and light by comparing these to projected autocorrelations of dark matter estimated from the Millennium Simulations (MS). All of the autocorrelation and bias functions show systematic trends with spatial scale and waveband, which are impressively similar at the two redshifts. This shows that the well-established environmental dependence of stellar populations in the local Universe is already in place at z = 1. The recent MS-based galaxy formation simulation of Guo et al. (2011) reproduces the scale-dependent clustering of luminosity to an accuracy better than 30% in all bands and at both redshifts, but substantially overpredicts mass autocorrelations at separations below ~ 2 Mpc. Further comparison of the shapes of our stellar mass bias functions with those predicted by the model suggests that both the SDSS and DEEP2 data prefer a fluctuation amplitude of σ8 ~ 0.8 rather than the σ8 = 0.9 assumed by the MS.
Research cafés: how libraries can build communities through research and engagement

The Research Support Team at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) runs events called research cafes throughout the academic year. During these cafes, we bring together PhD students, early career researchers and more established academics over lunch to give them an opportunity to talk about their work to a lay audience of their peers and the public. From its inception in 2013 we have maintained the overall format of the research cafe, based as it is on promoting interdisciplinary dialogue in an informal setting, while also making a few small but significant changes. These changes have in turn increased the visibility and reach of research promotion within the Library. Against that backdrop, this article – which is based on a lightning talk and poster session presented at the 41st UKSG Annual Conference, Glasgow, in April 2018 – will outline why the library is ideally placed to facilitate this type of scholarship sharing and why research and community engagement should be viewed as an integral part of a university library’s agenda. It will also discuss how its success has allowed our Team to work in partnership with colleagues from across the University in new and exciting ways. Finally, it will address what further developments we can make to continue to improve and help the research community at LJMU and beyond.
Decentralized Output Feedback Robust Stabilization for a Class of Nonlinear Interconnected Systems with Similarity

The problem of decentralized output feedback stabilization for a class of nonlinear uncertain interconnected systems with similar subsystems is considered, and a type of controller is developed. It is shown that both the analyses of systems and the design of controllers are simplified by a similar structure. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the results given and an estimation of the associated stabilized domain. Simulation shows that our method is very effective.
Impact of Physical Fatigue State on Military Mission Oriented Obstacle Course Timing Performance

Military oriented obstacle course timing has been used to evaluate different clothing and individual equipment designs and configurations. However, it is unclear if completing operationally relevant fatigue tasks prior to course completion will highlight differences in physical performance due to wearing different equipment configurations. Fifty-one experienced, active duty soldiers completed the course in a rested and fatigued state in three equipment configurations of varying weights and encumbrance. A controlled paced (3 mph) three mile foot march was used to induce fatigue. Time to complete the whole course and each of the 11 obstacle segments were measured. Fatigue state and configurations were found to be significantly different for total course time, where the fatigued moderate configuration was similar in performance to the fully loaded rested configuration. Similar results were also seen for the individual obstacle segment time measurements; however the walls and casualty drag obstacles may be slightly less sensitive.
FLIR Target Recognition Algorithm Based on Template Matching

It is difficult to segmentation and recognition of FLIR image due to blurry edge,we introduced a recognition algorithm base on template matching.The reference image is created depending on the satellite dates and then created the template image,characteristic scale of target areas can be chosen as prior knowledge according to normalize LoG response.Using these scales,a number of blob-like candidate regions can be found with the same size with template image.Then the final result is obtained between candidate regions and the template image using Hasudorff measure.The experimental result shows that method have highly precision and quickly performance.It is useful to recognition of complex ground fixed garget.
Relation Analysis of Hydrological Variables Based on Set Pair Principle

The Set Pair Analysis(SPA) has been introduced into the relation analysis of hydrological variables.The connection degree of SPA can display the detail related structure of hydrological variables,the property and ratio of all relations from the related structure have been probed.Based on the above results,an approach of selecting main impact factors of depended hydrological variable has been suggested,which was applied to the analysis of runoff regressive function.The case studied results showed that the relation analysis of hydrological variables based on the set pair principle is more effective,impersonal and reasonable than the relation coefficient.It can be applied to the science of hydrology and water resources.
Virus-evolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm for knapsack problem

To improve the search capability of particle swarm algorithm,an improved discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on virus evolution theory is proposed and named as virus-evolutionary discrete particle swarm optimization (VEPSO) algorithm. Biological virus mechanism and the infection-based operation between host and virus are introduced in the particle swarm. Virus individual is coded with the same length as particle,and it executes infection and incorporation operations. The horizontal infection and vertical propagation of virus are fully used to maintain the individual diversity and local search capability in solution space. This algorithm is verified by solving knapsack problem. Simulation results show that the search capability of VEPSO algorithm is better than that of genetic algorithm,simulated annealing and standard PSO algorithm. This algorithm is able to effectively solve knapsack and other NP-hard problems.
On McKay quivers and covering spaces

In this paper,we study the relationship between the McKay quivers of finite subgroups of special linear groups and of general linear groups,via natural extension and embedding.We show that under certain condition,the McKay quiver of a finite subgroup G of GL(m,C) is a regular covering of the McKay quiver of its normal subgroup G ∩ SL(m,C),and when embedding G in a canonical way into SL(m + 1,C),the new McKay quiver is obtained by adding an arrow from the Nakayama translation of i back to i for each vertex i.We also show by examples that certain interesting McKay quivers can be obtained in these ways.
Developing analytics models for software project management

Schedule and cost overruns constitute a major problem in software projects and have been a source of concern for the software engineering community for a long time. Managing software projects to meet time and cost constraints is highly challenging, due to the dynamic nature of software development. Software project management covers a range of complex activities such as project planning, progress monitoring, and risk management. These tasks require project managers the capability to make correct estimations and foresee future significant events in their projects. However, there has been little work on providing automated support for software project management activities. Modern software projects mostly follow the iterative development process where software products are incrementally developed and evolved in a series of iterations. Each iteration requires the completion and resolution of a number of issues such as bugs, improvement or new feature requests. Since modern software projects require continuous deliveries in every iteration of software development, it is essential to monitor the execution of iterations and the resolution/completion of issues, and make reliable predictions. There is thus a strong need to provide the project managers, software engineers, and other stakeholders with predictive support at the level of iterations and issues. This thesis aims to leverage a large amount of data from software projects to generate actionable insights that are valuable for different software project management activities at the level of iterations and issues. Using cutting-edge machine learning technology (including deep learning), we develop a novel suite of data analytics techniques and models for predicting delivery capability of ongoing iterations, predicting issue delays, and estimating the effort for resolving issues. An extensive empirical evaluation using data from over ten large well-known software projects (e.g., Apache, Duraspace, Java.net, JBoss, JIRA, Moodle, and Mulesoft) demonstrates the high effectiveness of our approach.
Simultaneous pairwise linear structural relationships.

Prompted by an example in the medical field we are led to consider linear structural relationships between all pairs of a set of p(>2) random variables Xi(i = 0, . , p 1). This model has relevance in assessing the relative calibrations and relative accuracies of a set of p instruments, each designed to measure the same characteristic, on a common group of individuals. In such a situation we need to estimate the slope and intercept parameters in the linear structural relationships, and the error variances, as measures of calibration and accuracy, respectively, for the p instruments. In contrast to the case p = 2, no problem occurs of unideiltifiability of the parameters and the maximum likelihood approach is feasible. This is illustrated for the case p = 3, but rather simpler estimators are presented for p > 3, together with their asymptotic standard errors. The case p = 3 may be viewed as a new and useful form of instrumental variable approach to the difficult p = 2 situation. The theoretical results are used in an example involvilng different types of instrumenlts for measuring human lung capacity.
Initial Smoothing Length and Space Between Particles in SPH Method for Numerical Simulation of High-speed Impacts

High-speed impact problems are simulated with smoothed particle hydrodynamics method.Initial smoothing length and nonconforming space between particles in simulation are analyzed.A modified smoothing length approach is put forward.With increase of initial smoothing length, projectile rigidity decreases gradually.A rational range of initial smoothing length is d_0h_0≤1. 5d_0. With decrease of space between particles,rigidity of material decreases.With XSPH correction on velocity of a particle,results by nonconforming space between particles agree well with those from identical particle distribution.
Stochastic differential equations for ruin probabilities

The present paper proposes a general approach for finding differential equations to evaluate probabilities of ruin in finite and infinite time. Attention is given to real-valued non-diffusion processes where a Markov structure is obtainable. Ruin is allowed to occur upon a jump or between the jumps. The key point is to define a process of conditional ruin probabilities and identify this process stopped at the time of ruin as a martingale. Using the theory of marked point processes together with the change-of-variable formula or the martingale representation theorem for point processes, we obtain differential equations for evaluating the probability of ruin. Numerical illustrations are given by solving a partial differential equation numerically to obtain the probability of ruin over a finite time horizon.