Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory-of-Mind ContinuumModel : WhyMindMatters in Philosophy , Psychology and Education

Theory-of-Mind has been defined as the ability to explain and predict human behaviour by imputing mental states, such as attention, intention, desire, emotion, perception and belief, to the self and others (Astington & Barriault, 2001). Theory-of-Mind study began with Piaget and continued through a tradition of meta-cognitive research projects (Flavell, 2004). A study by Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith (1985) of Theory-of-Mind abilities in atypically developing children reported major difficulties experienced by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in imputing mental states to others. Since then, a wide range of follow-up research has been conducted to confirm these results. Traditional Theory-of-Mind research on ASD has been based on an either-or assumption that Theory-of-Mind is something one either possesses or does not. However, this approach fails to take account of how the ASD population themselves experience Theory-of-Mind. This paper suggests an alternative approach, Theory-of-Mind continuum model, to understand the Theory-of-Mind experience of people with ASD. The Theory-of-Mind continuum model will be developed through a comparison of subjective and objective aspects of mind, and phenomenal and psychological concepts of mind. This paper will demonstrate the importance of balancing qualitative and quantitative research methods in investigating the minds of people with ASD. It will enrich our theoretical understanding of Theory-of-Mind, as well as contain methodological implications for further studies in Theoryof-Mind.
ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL ITERATIVE GRAPH APPLICATIONS ON SHARED MEMORY SYSTEMS

ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL ITERATIVE GRAPH APPLICATIONS ON SHARED MEMORY SYSTEMS Funda Atik M.S. in Computer Engineering Advisor: Özcan Öztürk January 2018 Graph analytics have come to prominence due to their wide applicability to many phenomena of real world such as social networks, protein-protein interactions, power grids, transportation networks, and other domains. Despite the increase in computational capability of current systems, developing an effective graph algorithm is challenging due to the complexity and diversity of graphs. In order to process large graphs, there exist many frameworks adopting different design decisions. Nonetheless, there is no clear consensus among the frameworks on optimum design selections. In this dissertation, we provide various parallel implementations of three representative iterative graph algorithms: Pagerank, Single-Source Shortest Path, and Breadth-First Search by considering different design decisions such as the order of computations, data access pattern, and work activation. We experimentally study the trade-offs between performance, scalability, work efficiency of each implementation on both real-world and synthetic graphs in order to guide developers in making effective choices while implementing graph applications. Since graphs with billions of edges can fit in memory capacities of modern shared-memory systems, the applications are implemented on a shared-memory parallel/multicore machine. We also investigate the bottlenecks of each algorithm that may limit the performance of shared-memory platforms by considering the micro-architectural parameters. Finally, we give a detailed road-map for choosing design points for efficient graph processing.
THE OIL PALM GENOME REVOLUTION

Palm oil is a versatile vegetable oil that is a major contributor to the world’s edible oil market. The importance of the crop led to the use of biotechnology to better understand and further improve its performance. Initial efforts were focused on the identification of genes and markers associated with specific traits. Although these efforts provided some insights, they were unable to identify the causal genes and mutations relevant to the traits. The major advance came with the introduction of next-generation sequencing, which provided a cost-effective way to sequence the oil palm genome. The publication of the genome sequence in 2013 resulted in the identification of the SHELL, Virescens (VIR) and MANTLED genes. The genome sequence also accelerated the identification of genomic regions influencing other complex traits, such as height and fatty acid composition, and facilitated comparative genomics analyses. This review describes the developments of oil palm biotechnology research, and diagnostic assays for SHELL, VIR and MANTLED traits. The assays have practical applications in improving the efficiency of oil palm breeding and tissue culture. The genomics and epigenomics-based approaches have started to provide the necessary tools that will support the sustainable development of oil palm.
Chapter 13 Biomedical Applications of Lasers

Lasers are being increasingly used for biomedical imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this chapter we first provide a brief overview of light propagation in tissue. Next we discuss the techniques developed for a more comprehensive utilization of the information content of the light scattered from tissue and how this is helping high-resolution biomedical imaging of tissue microstructure and quantitative, sensitive, and noninvasive diagnosis. The use of lasers for ultraprecise surgery in a minimally invasive manner and also the use of photoactivated drugs for therapy with high selectivity are discussed next. By using illustrations from the work carried out at RRCAT, the chapter also provides a brief overview of the activities at RRCAT in these areas.
The left inferior parietal lobe represents stored hand-postures for object use and action prediction

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Regional Deviations in Marine Reservoir Age ( ∆ R ) Within Fjords

High freshwater inputs into Scottish sea lochs (fjords) combined with the restricted exchange between sea loch basin water and coastal Atlantic water masses are likely to result in reduced regional marine radiocarbon reservoir ages (R[t]) in these environments. To test this hypothesis, historical, museum-archived shells, collected live on known dates prior to AD 1950 from coastal locations in NW Scotland, were 14C dated to provide a means of determining R(t) and hence the regional deviation (∆R) from the modeled global surface ocean reservoir age (R). The sea loch data, when combined with 14C dates from the Scottish west coast (Harkness 1983), yield a regional ∆R value of –26 ± 14 yr. The ∆R of sea loch (fjordic) and coastal waters of NW Scotland are statistically different (at a confidence level >95%) from the ∆R value of 17 ± 14 yr reported for UK coastal waters (Reimer 2005; data after Harkness 1983) and are in good agreement with the coastal ∆R value of –33 ± 93 yr reported by Reimer et al. (2002). Therefore, it is recommended that a regional ∆R correction of –26 ± 14 yr should be applied to modern (i.e. pre-bomb but not prehistoric) marine 14C dates from the NW coast of Scotland.
Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical Systems - What's the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology

As businesses and their networks transform towards co-creation, several concepts describing the resulting systems emerge. During the past years, we can observe a rise of the concepts Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber-Physical Systems. However, distinct definitions are either very broad or contradict each other. As a result, several characteristics appear around these terms, which also miss distinct allocations and relationships to the underlying concepts. Previous research only describes these concepts and related characteristics in an isolated manner. Thus, we perform an inter-disciplinary structured literature review to relate and define the concepts of Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber-Physical Systems as well as related characteristics. This article can, therefore, serve as a basis for future research endeavors as it delivers a unified terminology.
Title Fine mapping of the NRG 1 hirschsprung ' s disease locus

The primary pathology of Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR, colon aganglionosis) is the absence of ganglia in variable lengths of the hindgut, resulting in functional obstruction. HSCR is attributed to a failure of migration of the enteric ganglion precursors along the developing gut. RET is a key regulator of the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the major HSCR-causing gene. Yet the reduced penetrance of RET DNA HSCR-associated variants together with the phenotypic variability suggest the involvement of additional genes in the disease. Through a genome-wide association study, we uncovered a ,350 kb HSCR-associated region encompassing part of the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1). To identify the causal NRG1 variants contributing to HSCR, we genotyped 243 SNPs variants on 343 ethnic Chinese HSCR patients and 359 controls. Genotype analysis coupled with imputation narrowed down the HSCR-associated region to 21 kb, with four of the most associated SNPs (rs10088313, rs10094655, rs4624987, and rs3884552) mapping to the NRG1 promoter. We investigated whether there was correlation between the genotype at the rs10088313 locus and the amount of NRG1 expressed in human gut tissues (40 patients and 21 controls) and found differences in expression as a function of genotype. We also found significant differences in NRG1 expression levels between diseased and control individuals bearing the same rs10088313 risk genotype. This indicates that the effects of NRG1 common variants are likely to depend on other alleles or epigenetic factors present in the patients and would account for the variability in the genetic predisposition to HSCR. Citation: Tang CS-M, Tang W-K, So M-T, Miao X-P, Leung BM-C, et al. (2011) Fine Mapping of the NRG1 Hirschsprung’s Disease Locus. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16181. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0016181 Editor: Florian Kronenberg, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria Received September 17, 2010; Accepted December 7, 2010; Published January 20, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Tang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by research grants from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council HKU 765609M to MGB and from The University of Hong Kong Seed Funding 200911159071 and 200811159006 to PT and MGB respectively. Support was also obtained from The University of Hong Kong Genomics Strategic Research Theme. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: cherny@hku.hk (SSC); mmgarcia@hku.hk (MMGB) . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Stock market driven acquisitions versus the Q theory of takeovers – The UK evidence

Using a sample of UK mergers and acquisitions from 1985-2004, we show that equity over-valuation appears to play an important role in the determination of financing method. Our results are broadly consistent with those theories based upon market over-valuation driving mergers and their financing, rather than a Q-theory explanation. In some contrast to the US results of Dong et al (2006) we find that proxies for over-valuation appear to be the more persuasive explanation for acquisition financing behaviour in the UK. Given the evidence in favour of valuation effects, we argue that a treatment effects model is necessary in investigating the long run performance of acquirers. Taken together with results from a univariate analysis, such a model reveals some modest support for the Shleifer and Vishny (2003) hypothesis. Forthcoming, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting JEL Classifications: G14; G34 The paper has benefited from the helpful comments of Cherif Guermat, Richard Harris, Grzegorz Trojanowski, Paul André (the Editor of this paper), and an anonymous referee, as well as seminar participants at the University of Exeter. The usual caveats on errors and omissions apply. All errors remain the responsibility of the authors
Preoperative automated fiber quantification predicts postoperative seizure outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy

Complete List of Authors: Keller, Simon; University of Liverpool, The Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Neuroradiology; King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Glenn, G; Medical University of South Carolina, Centre for Biomedical Engineering Bernd, Weber; Universitatsklinikum Bonn, Department of Epileptology Kreilkamp, Barbara; University of Liverpool, The Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine Jensen, Jens; Medical University of South Carolina, Radiology and Radiological Science Helpern, Joseph; Medical University of South Carolina, Radiology and Radiological Science Wagner, Jan; University of Bonn, Epileptology Barker, Gareth; King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging Richardson, Mark; Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Bonilha, Leonardo; University of South Carolina, Neuropsychiatry and Communication Disorders and Sciences
Developmental patterns of DR 6 in normal human hippocampus and in Down syndrome

Background: Death receptor 6 (DR6) is highly expressed in the human brain: it has been shown to induce axon pruning and neuron death via distinct caspases and to mediate axonal degeneration through binding to N-terminal β amyloid precursor protein (N-APP). Methods: We investigated the expression of DR6 during prenatal and postnatal development in human hippocampus and temporal cortex by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis (118 normal human brain specimens; 9 to 41 gestational weeks; 1 day to 7 months postnatally; 3 to 91 years). To investigate the role of NAPP/DR6/caspase 6 pathway in the development of hippocampal Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated pathology, we examined DR6 immunoreactivity (IR) in the developing hippocampus from patients with Down syndrome (DS; 48 brain specimens; 14 to 41 gestational weeks; 7 days to 8 months postnatally; 15 to 64 years) and in adults with DS and AD. Results: DR6 was highly expressed in human adult hippocampus and temporal cortex: we observed consistent similar temporal and spatial expression in both control and DS brain. Western blot analysis of total homogenates of temporal cortex and hippocampus showed developmental regulation of DR6. In the hippocampus, DR6 IR was first apparent in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare at 16 weeks of gestation, followed by stratum oriens, radiatum, pyramidale (CA1 to CA4) and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus between 21 and 23 gestational weeks, reaching a pattern similar to adult hippocampus around birth. Increased DR6 expression in dystrophic neurites was detected focally in a 15-year-old DS patient. Abnormal DR6 expression pattern, with increased expression within dystrophic neurites in and around amyloid plaques was observed in adult DS patients with widespread AD-associated neurodegeneration and was similar to the pattern observed in AD hippocampus. Double-labeling experiments demonstrated the colocalization, in dystrophic neurites, of DR6 with APP. We also observed colocalization with hyper-phosphorylated Tau and with caspase 6 (increased in hippocampus with AD pathology) in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites and within the white matter. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a developmental regulation of DR6 in human hippocampus and suggest an abnormal activation of the N-APP/DR6/caspase 6 pathway, which can contribute to initiation or progression of hippocampal AD-associated pathology.
Explaining Students’ Continuance Intention to Use Mobile Web 2.0 Learning and Their Perceived Learning: An Integrated Approach

In the literature, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the factors influencing the deployment of mobile Web 2.0 (MW2.0) as pedagogical tools in higher education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adoption of mobile Web 2.0 learning (MW2.0L) by students and further to explore their perceived learning. Accordingly, a research framework was developed through the integration of technology-to-performance chain model, uses and gratifications theory, technology acceptance model, and theory of planned behavior. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling approach was taken to assess the model using 456 data collected from Malaysian public university students. The results of the analysis revealed that students’ intention to continue use of MW2.0L learning was determined by the factors such as mobility, social interaction, and information exchange as gratifications, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and task-technology fit. It was found that students’ MW2.0L perceived learning was significantly explained by their behavioral intention. Implications of the study both for literature and practice are further discussed.
Study on the Cultivation of Agaricus blazei (Almond Mushroom) Grown on Compost Mixed with Selected Agro-Residues

The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the ratio of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (by weight). The data was collected on the colony diameter of mycelial growth, days required for spawn run (colonization), days required for primordial formation, whiteness measurement, days required for fruit body formation, number, size and fresh weight of mushrooms, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom production (MP). It was observed that the mycelial growth showed two types of mycelia according the level of mycelial density; compact (C) and somewhat compact (SC). The fastest spawn run (17 days) was found in woodchips (50%) among all the different treatments while the least spawn run took 26 days in corncob (75%). Sawdust substrates promoted longer days for primordial formation and fruit body development, if compared with woodchips substrates and corncob substrates. With regard to yield, 100%, 75% and 50% mixture with compost were superior to 25% mixture with compost in each group of selected agro-residues and it indicated that adding more compost gave the increased yield. Interestingly, it was noted that mushroom size on compost (100%) was double to the mushroom size of other treatments. In conclusion, it was clearly showed that compost (100%), woodchips (25%) and corncob (25%) could produce better yields among all treatments, and it was also possible to obtain acceptable yields of good quality almond mushroom using main substrates of compost mixed with different agro-residues at various concentrations.
Special Issue: Applied cognitive linguistics to L2 acquisition and learning: research and convergence

This introduction provides an overview of the intersection between Applied Cognitive Linguistics and Second/Foreign Language Learning. First, the relevance of Cognitive Linguistics (CL) for Applied Linguistics in general is discussed. The second section explains the main principles of CL and how each relates to the acquisition of second languages: (i) language and human cognition, (ii) language as symbolic, (iii) language as motivated; and (iv) language as usage-based. Section three offers a review of previous literature on CL and L2s that are different from English, as it is one the main aims of this Special Issue to provide state-of-the-art research and scholarship to enhance the bigger picture of the field of Second Language Acquisition beyond English as the target language. Spanish as L2/FL in Applied Cognitive Linguistics is the focus of the next section, which leads to a brief overview of the papers included in the Issue, featuring Spanish as the L2 with L1s such as English, French, German and Italian. Polysemy, Motion Events Typology, Cognitive Grammar and Construction Grammar are the Cognitive Linguistics areas addressed in the contributions here presented.
On understanding, modeling and predicting user behavior in web search

Web search engines provide quick and easy access to information available online. In the early days of the Internet, web links were the most valuable source of information for predicting result usefulness. Nowadays, the whole web search stack relies on user behavioral data, starting from crawling policies to optimizing presentation of the results. However, accurately interpreting user interaction behavior is not straightforward due to various types of bias. For example, users tend to click more on results ranked on top positions (position bias) and visually salient results (attention bias). In this thesis, we study existing tools for modeling and predicting user interactions with a search engine, improve them and develop new ways of gaining insights about user behavior.
High-Throughput and Area-Optimized Architecture for rBRIEF Feature Extraction

Feature matching is a fundamental step in many real-time computer vision applications such as simultaneous localization and mapping, motion analysis, and stereo correspondence. The performance of these applications depends on the distinctiveness of the visual feature descriptors used, and the speed at which they can be extracted from video frames. When combined with standard key-point detectors, the rotation-aware binary robust independent elementary features (rBRIEF) descriptor has been shown to outperform its counterparts. In this paper, we present a deep-pipelined stream processing architecture that is capable of extracting rBRIEF features from high-throughput video frames. To achieve high processing rate and low complexity hardware, the proposed architecture incorporates an enhanced moving summation strategy to calculate the key-points’ patch moments and employs approximate computations to achieve patch rotation. Multiplier-less circuitry is introduced throughout the architecture to avoid the use of costly multipliers. Implementation on the Altera Aria V device demonstrates that the proposed architecture leads to 53.3% reduction in hardware resources (adaptive logic modules), while achieving 50% higher accuracy (in terms of average Hamming distance) when compared to the state-of-the-art architecture. In addition, the proposed architecture is able to process high-resolution ( $1920 \times 1080$ ) images at 60 fps, while consuming only 456.15 mW power.
An Improved Quasi-Polynomial Algorithm for Approximate Well-Supported Nash Equilibria

We focus on the problem of computing approximate Nash equilibria in bimatrix games. In particular, we consider the notion of approximate well-supported equilibria, which is one of the standard approaches for approximating equilibria. It is already known that one can compute an ε-well-supported Nash equilibrium in time nO (log n/ε2), for any ε > 0, in games with n pure strategies per player. Such a running time is referred to as quasi-polynomial. Regarding faster algorithms, it has remained an open problem for many years if we can have better running times for small values of the approximation parameter, and it is only known that we can compute in polynomial-time a 0.6528-well-supported Nash equilibrium. In this paper, we investigate further this question and propose a much better quasi-polynomial time algorithm that computes a (1/2 + ε)-well-supported Nash equilibrium in time nO(log logn1/ε/ε2), for any ε > 0. Our algorithm is based on appropriately combining sampling arguments, support enumeration, and solutions to systems of linear inequalities.