Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses to Financial Loss During the Great Recession: An Examination of Sense of Control in Late Midlife.

OBJECTIVES The "Great Recession" shocked the primary institutions that help individuals and families meet their needs and plan for the future. This study examines middle-aged adults' experiences of financial loss and considers how socioeconomic and interpersonal resources facilitate or hinder maintaining a sense of control in the face of economic uncertainty. METHOD Using the 2006 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, change in income and wealth, giving help to and receiving help from others, household complexity, and sense of control were measured among middle-aged adults (n = 3,850; age = 51-60 years). RESULTS Socioeconomic resources predicted both the level of and change in the engagement of interpersonal resources prior to and during the Great Recession. Experiences of financial loss were associated with increased engagement of interpersonal resources and decreased sense of control. The effect of financial loss was dampened by education. Sense of control increased with giving help and decreased with household complexity. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that, across socioeconomic strata, proportional loss in financial resources resulted in a loss in sense of control. However, responses to financial loss differed by socioeconomic status, which differentiated the ability to maintain a sense of control following financial loss.
Self-neglect: a proposed new NANDA diagnosis.

PURPOSE To propose a new NANDA diagnosis, self-neglect. DATA SOURCES Research studies and literature published from a variety of disciplines including nursing as well as primary research. DATA SYNTHESES This diagnosis can be used to describe a constellation of self-care problems of varying severity and impact on the health and well-being of people who self-neglect. Included are two subtypes of self-neglect based on the degree of intentionality. Clarification of self-neglect is long overdue because self-neglect presents conceptual, identification, and intervention problems for nurses, healthcare workers, and for medicolegal systems across settings and in many countries. CONCLUSION The proposed diagnosis, self-neglect, fills a gap in current standardized terminology. This diagnosis will contribute significantly to nurses leading the way in the explication of an interdisciplinary and international health concern. PRACTICE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Developing self-neglect as a recognized nursing label is vital to clinicians and policy makers within and across countries. Appreciating less serious/non-life-threatening presentations will give nurses a care perspective to improve the health and well-being of those in earlier stages of self-neglect. Definitions for this phenomenon will contribute to care planning and interventions, leading to consistency in practice and research.
Usual source of care and nonurgent emergency department use.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether dissatisfaction with one's usual source of care (USC) and perceived access difficulties to one's USC were associated with nonurgent emergency department (ED) use. METHODS Variables that measured USC satisfaction and access were identified in the 1996 cohort of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a nationally representative sample administered by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The main outcome measured was nonurgent ED use at least once during 1996. RESULTS A total of 9,146 adults had a USC other than the ED, had at least one contact with the health care system or were unable to get needed care, and had complete data for all the variables in the final model. Dissatisfaction with the USC, dissatisfaction with the USC staff, lack of confidence in the USC's ability, difficulty scheduling an appointment, difficulty reaching the USC by phone, and long waiting times with an appointment were all associated with having a nonurgent ED visit in 1996 (all at p < 0.05). The positive associations between both dissatisfaction and perceived access barriers and nonurgent ED use persisted even in multiple logistic regression that adjusted for age, sex, race, education, health status, employment status, income, insurance, region of residence, and rural vs. urban residence. CONCLUSIONS Patients who are dissatisfied with their USC or perceive access barriers to their USC are more likely to have a nonurgent ED visit.
Fermented foods in common use in Egypt. I. The nutritive value of kishk.

The nutrient contents as well as the amino acid pattern of kishk samples were determined. The level of most of the amino acids were also estimated. High figures for digestibility, biological value and net protein utilisation of kishk were obtained. The use of kishk in school feeding programmes and in military canteens as a high protein food is discussed.
Brain aerobic glycolysis and motor adaptation learning

Significance A substantial fraction of glucose used by the brain does not enter the oxidative phosphorylation pathway despite the presence of adequate oxygen, a phenomenon known as aerobic glycolysis. Among its several functions, aerobic glycolysis makes substantial contributions to biosynthesis, thus becoming a marker of synaptic plasticity. Combining PET and MRI brain-imaging techniques, we characterized the role of aerobic glycolysis in plasticity during the performance of a motor adaptation learning task. Our findings support a link between aerobic glycolysis and learning as well as providing unexpected evidence of a potential role of microglia in long-term depression and synaptic pruning. Ten percent to 15% of glucose used by the brain is metabolized nonoxidatively despite adequate tissue oxygenation, a process termed aerobic glycolysis (AG). Because of the known role of glycolysis in biosynthesis, we tested whether learning-induced synaptic plasticity would lead to regionally appropriate, learning-dependent changes in AG. Functional MRI (fMRI) before, during, and after performance of a visual–motor adaptation task demonstrated that left Brodmann area 44 (BA44) played a key role in adaptation, with learning-related changes to activity during the task and altered resting-state, functional connectivity after the task. PET scans before and after task performance indicated a sustained increase in AG in left BA 44 accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption. Intersubject variability in behavioral adaptation rate correlated strongly with changes in AG in this region, as well as functional connectivity, which is consistent with a role for AG in synaptic plasticity.
MPEG-2 standard system: A new blind watermarking approach using spread spectrum method

In this paper, a new method for blind watermarking in MPEG-2 standard video system is proposed. In this method, Walsh codes are used for coding watermark bits in spread spectrum. The watermark information vector (WIV) is obtained by applying DCT on the coded watermark bits. The watermarked video is transmitted with a few alternations in comparison of the host video. Therefore, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), influenced by watermarking, is high in this method. Simulation results express reasonable resistance versus most of typical attacks and bit rate has a trivial increment in this method.
Costs of Breast Cancer and the Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening

Abstract Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer among women in the United States. The total cost of illness for breast cancer has been estimated to be $3.8 billion, of which $1.8 billion represents medical care costs. It has been estimated that breast cancer detected early is considerably less expensive than when the tumor is discovered at a later stage. Mass screening using mammography can improve early detection by as much as 15–35%. Cost-effectiveness studies have estimated that the costs of breast cancer screening range between $13,200 and $28,000 per year of life saved. The cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening in the 40–49-year-old age group is controversial. Mass screening for breast cancer will probably increase total health care costs, but when all economic costs are included, screening appears to be more cost-effective than not screening.
Fast Response of Deviation-Constrained Hybrid Controllers for Indirect Energy Transfer Converters

This paper introduces and surveys a new family of transient-oriented controllers for indirect energy transfer converters. The controllers incorporate a peak current programmed mode control for steady-state operation and a nonlinear, state-plane-based transient-mode control schemes for load transients. The new controllers facilitate extremely fast convergence from a loading transient to the new steady-state operating point while constraining the output voltage and inductor current deviations to a desired (minimal) value. As a result, the loading transient performance of indirect energy transfer converters can be significantly improved since two control objectives (convergence time and minimal components’ stress) are simultaneously obtained. A detailed principle of operation of the controllers is provided and explained through a state-plane analysis. The operation of the controllers is experimentally verified on a 30 W 3.3 V-to-12 V boost converter, demonstrating a significantly lower output voltage deviation and lower peak inductor current when compared to time-optimal control, allowing for volume reduction of the converter.
c-Rel Is Required for Chromatin Remodeling Across the IL-2 Gene Promoter

IL-2 gene transcription occurs in an activation-dependent manner in T cells responding to TCR and CD28 activation. One of the critical events leading to increased IL-2 transcription is an alteration in chromatin structure across the 300-bp promoter region of the gene. We initially showed that IL-2 gene transcription in CD4+ primary T cells is dependent on the NF-κB family member, c-Rel, but not RelA. We found that c-Rel is essential for global changes in chromatin structure across the 300-bp IL-2 promoter in response to CD3/CD28 in primary CD4+ T cells, but not in response to pharmacological signals, paralleling the requirement for c-Rel in IL-2 mRNA and protein accumulation. Interestingly, measurement of activation-induced localized accessibility changes using restriction enzyme digestion revealed that accessibility close to the c-Rel binding site in the CD28RR region of the promoter is specifically dependent on c-Rel. In contrast, restriction enzyme sites located at a distance from the CD28RR behave independently of c-Rel. These results suggest a nonredundant role for c-Rel in generating a correctly remodeled chromatin state across the IL-2 promoter and imply that the strength of the signal determines the requirement for c-Rel.
How Long is the Memory of Tropical Ocean Dynamics ?

Combining classic equatorial wave dynamics and midlatitude wave dynamics, a unified view is proposed to account for the memory of tropical ocean dynamics in terms of oceanic basin modes. It is shown that the dynamic memory of the ocean is bounded by the cross-basin time of planetary waves along the poleward basin boundary. For realistic ocean basins, this memory originates from the midand high-latitude processes and is usually at interdecadal timescales.
LTV-MPC based path planning of an autonomous vehicle via convex optimization

This paper investigates the stochastic path planning of a vehicle in the presence of some moving obstacles and uncertainty sources. Upon a successive linearization, a Linear-Time Varying Model Predictive Control (LTV-MPC) is used as the planning method. The uncertainty is modelled by a Gaussian distribution and the obstacle avoidance mission is modelled in the form of linear constraints of the LTV-MPC. Finally by applying some algebraic simplification the LTV-MPC is converted to a convex optimization problem. There are strong algorithms for solving a convex optimization problem, thus the consequent path planning method can be solved efficiently and has high performance operation that will be obtained.
Direct Gating of ATP-activated Ion Channels (P2X2 Receptors) by Lipophilic Attachment at the Outer End of the Second Transmembrane Domain*♦

Background: ATP-gated (P2X) receptors form pores with second transmembrane helices from each of three subunits. Results: Addition of an unbranched lipophilic group at I328C in P2X2 receptors opened the channel as effectively as ATP. Conclusion: Destabilizing the Ile328/Val48 interaction allows the Ile328 side chain to move laterally and open the pore. Significance: Transmembrane domains can open and close P2X receptors without ATP binding. The ionic pore of the P2X receptor passes through the central axis of six transmembrane (TM) helices, two from each of three subunits. Val48 and Ile328 are at the outer end of TM1 and TM2, respectively. Homology models of the open and closed states of P2X2 indicate that pore opening is associated with a large lateral displacement of Ile328. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that lipids enter the interstices between the outer ends of the TM domains. The P2X2(I328C) receptor was activated by propyl-methanethiosulfonate (MTS) as effectively as by ATP, but cysteine substitutions elsewhere in TM2 had no such effect. Other lipophilic MTS compounds (methyl, ethyl, and tert-butylethyl) had a similar effect but not polar MTS. The properties of the conducting pathway opened by covalent attachment of propyl-MTS were the same as those opened by ATP, with respect to unitary conductance, rectification, and permeability of N-methyl-d-glucamine. The ATP-binding residue Lys69 was not required for the action of propyl-MTS, although propyl-MTS did not open P2X2(K308A/I328C) receptors. The propyl-MTS did not open P2X2 receptors in which the Val48 side chain was removed (P2X2(V48G/I328C)). The results suggest that an interaction between Val48 and Ile328 stabilizes the closed channel and that this is broken by covalent attachment of a larger lipophilic moiety at the I328C receptors. Lipid intercalation between the separating TM domains during channel opening would be facilitated in P2X2(I328C) receptors with attached propyl-MTS. The results are consistent with the channel opening mechanism proposed on the basis of closed and open crystal structures and permit the refinement of the position of the TMs within the bilayer.
The Influence of Altitude Training on Selected Blood Parameters and Lactate Curves During Swimming

Introduction: Moderate altitude training has become popular to improve competition performance in swimming both at altitude and sea level. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of moderate altitude training on lactate curve during three weeks and after the exposure to altitude training at 1860 m and to examine the effects of altitude training on selected blood parameters before and after the training at altitude. Methods: In the study participated four (1 men, 3 women) high competition-level swimmers (mean ± SD; age 21 ± 1.2 years). All swimmers performed 5 times standardized test 5x3x200m to obtain velocities and heart rates at lactate thresholds and OBLA thresholds (before, three times on altitude and after altitude exposure). Blood samples for selected blood parameters (Erci, Hb, Ht, ERC-ret and ferritin) were taken before and after exposure to altitude. Results: There were no significant changes (P < 0.05) in heart rate and blood lactate at a lactate threshold and OBLA threshold during altitude camp and 21 days after return at sea level. Individual response at altitude camp were found above OBLA threshold. No significant differences were found in selected blood parameters before and after exposure to altitude training (Erci, Hb, Ht, ERC-ret and ferritin). Conclusions: These data indicate that no significant changes in lactate threshold, OBLA threshold, and selected blood parameters were found at altitude and upon return to sea-level after three weeks of training at 1860 m.
Nondegenerate multidimensional matrices and instanton bundles

In this paper we prove that the moduli space of rank 2n symplectic instanton bundles on P 2n+1 , defined from the well-known monad condition, is affine. This result was not known even in the case n = 1, where by Atiyah, Drinfeld, Hitchin, and Manin in 1978 the real instanton bundles correspond to self-dual Yang Mills Sp(1)-connections over the 4-dimensional sphere. The result is proved as a consequence of the existence of an invariant of the multi-dimensional matrices representing the instanton bundles.
Internalising symptoms and body dissatisfaction: untangling temporal precedence using cross-lagged models in two cohorts.

BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that body dissatisfaction and internalising symptoms are correlated and are both overrepresented in girls compared to boys. However, it is not clear whether body dissatisfaction typically precedes internalising symptoms or vice versa. Existing literature provides theoretical and empirical support for both possibilities, but is limited in two ways: (a) no study has simultaneously tested the two temporal hypotheses within the same model, and (b) the studies focus almost exclusively on early adolescents resulting in little being known about development from preadolescence and across puberty. METHODS This study used data from 5485 primary school students (49.1% girls, aged 8-9 years at baseline) and 5981 secondary school students (53.9% girls, aged 11-12 years at baseline). Self-reports of internalising symptoms and body dissatisfaction were collected over three consecutive years at 1-year intervals. Cross-lagged models were estimated in the two cohorts, for boys and girls separately, to examine the temporal associations between these two domains across the three measurement points. RESULTS In the younger cohort, internalising symptoms predicted body dissatisfaction 1-year later for both boys and girls, whereas there was no evidence for the reverse being true. In the older cohort, internalising symptoms predicted later body dissatisfaction for boys. However, in girls, body dissatisfaction predicted later internalising symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In preadolescents, internalising symptoms drive later body dissatisfaction regardless of gender, suggesting body dissatisfaction is a specific manifestation of a tendency towards negative affect. From age 11, girls develop a distinct risk profile whereby body dissatisfaction drives later internalising symptoms. Preventative interventions in this field would benefit from adopting a developmentally sensitive approach that takes into account gender differences in risk pathways.
High linear voltage references for on-chip CMOS smart temperature sensor from −60°C to 140°C

A low-cost and high linear voltage reference circuitry is designed and implemented in TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS technology. Previous research has proposed the use of MOS transistors operated in the weak inversion region to replace the bipolar devices with conventional PTAT (proportional to absolute temperature) circuits. However, such solutions often cause linearity problem in high temperature region because of the current leaking devices in modern deep sub micron and nano-scale CMOS technology. The proposed circuit utilized temperature complementation technique on two voltage references, PTAT and IOAT (independent of absolute temperature) references, to enhance the linearity and produce a stable IOAT voltage reference. Based on the measurement results, the R-square of PTAT reference is better than 0.9 and the temperature coefficient of IOAT reference is 14 ppm/degC in a considerable wider temperature range from -60degC to 140degC. The occupied chip area is 0.00126 mm . Thus, a fully integrated temperature sensor with wider temperature range is designed and easily to integrate to modern system-on-chip designs with minimal efforts.
Nasal immunization using a mimovirus vaccine based on the Eppin B-cell epitope induced suppressed fertility in mice

To elicit potent humoral immunity and produce adequate neutralizing antibody especially in the genital tract and eventually to promote its immunogenicity, we designed an Eppin B-cell-dominant-epitope-based mimovirus vaccine with an RGD motif which can be nasally inoculated into male mice. Our results indicate that this immune strategy successfully generated a high antibody response with significantly higher anti-Eppin IgA in the genital tract, and eventually achieve significant inhibition of fertility without any interference with testis function and alteration in structural integrity. The fertility rate of the females mating with the vaccinated males declined and the progeny size was greatly reduced, but the contraceptive efficacy was still far from that of immunocontraceptives for human use. However, the research showed a new contraceptive vaccine construction and inoculation avenue, that is, mimovirus vaccine delivered nasally. Further investigation geared toward improving fertility inhibition efficacy using this inoculation strategy still remains to be explored.
An Examination of the Stretching Practices of Division I and Division III College Football Programs in the Midwestern United States

Judge, LW, Craig, B, Baudendistal, S, and Bodey, KJ. An examination of the stretching practices of Division I and Division III college football programs in the midwestern United States. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1091-1096, 2009-Research supports the use of preactivity warm-up and stretching, and the purpose of this study was to determine whether college football programs follow these guidelines. Questionnaires designed to gather demographic, professional, and educational information, as well as specific pre- and postactivity practices, were distributed via e-mail to midwestern collegiate programs from NCAA Division I and III conferences. Twenty-three male coaches (12 from Division IA schools and 11 from Division III schools) participated in the study. Division I schools employed certified strength coaches (CSCS; 100%), whereas Division III schools used mainly strength coordinators (73%), with only 25% CSCS. All programs used preactivity warm-up, with the majority employing 2-5 minutes of sport-specific jogging/running drills. Pre stretching (5-10 minutes) was performed in 19 programs (91%), with 2 (9%) performing no pre stretching. Thirteen respondents used a combination of static/proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation/ballistic and dynamic flexibility, 5 used only dynamic flexibility, and 1 used only static stretching. All 12 Division I coaches used stretching, whereas only 9 of the 11 Division III coaches did (p = 0.22). The results indicate that younger coaches did not use pre stretching (p = 0.30). The majority of the coaches indicated that they did use post stretching, with 11 of the 12 Division I coaches using stretching, whereas only 5 of the 11 Division III coaches used stretching postactivity (p = 0.027). Divisional results show that the majority of Division I coaches use static-style stretching (p = 0.049). The results of this study indicate that divisional status, age, and certification may influence how well research guidelines are followed. Further research is needed to delineate how these factors affect coaching decisions.