Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia in xylazine premedicated donkeys with ketamine and ketamine-propofol mixture: A comparative study

This study was conducted to evaluate the anesthetic quality produced by ketamine hydrochloride (K) (3 mg/kg, I.V.) and ketamine–propofol (K-P) mixture (2 mg/kg-1 mg/kg, I.V., respectively) in six donkeys premedicated with xylazine (X), (1 mg/kg, I.V.). Each donkey was anesthetized one time with each dose of (K) and (K-P), five minutes after (X) administration, in random order at (1) week intervals. The anesthetic parameters; induction and sleeping time, abolishment of the swallowing reflex, recumbencey period, cardiopulmonary responses, were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. The results revealed presence of significant difference (p< 0.05) in the induction and sleeping time between (K) and (K-P) protocols. Neither the swallowing reflex, nor recumbency period represented statistical difference between (K) and (K-P) protocols. But clinically, anesthesia with (K-P) produced shorter and smoother recovery to recumbency than with (K), and the swallowing reflex was abolished while persisted with (K) anesthesia. The excellent anesthesia produced with K-P was characterized by smooth, calm, gradual and free of excitement induction (23.75±1.75 sec), good narcosis (22.50±3.57 minutes) and muscle relaxation. The swallowing reflex was abolished for (15.75±5.61 minutes). The recumbency period was characteristically smooth and featured by its rapidness (10.50±2.62 minutes). While on the other hand, induction of anesthesia with (K) protocol was characterized by rough, slow and excitement (56.25±8.44 sec), muscle rigidity, and persistence of the swallowing reflex (not disappeared or slightly disappeared). The shorter sleeping time (10.5±0.95 minutes) and the longer recumbencey (14.75±2.28 minutes) periods that was associated with violent convulsion and excitement, were clinically an obvious associate with (K) anesthesia. The intubations with (K-P) anesthetic protocol was easily performed, but was difficult or failed during (K) anesthesia. In conclusion, anesthesia with (K-P) protocol produced an excellent anesthetic mixture for induction of general anesthesia in donkeys, and up to our knowledge this the first report on the use of this mixture for total intravenous anesthesia in donkeys. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 21, No.1, 2007 (117-123)
Applying the Explicit Aggregation Algorithm to Heterogeneous Macro Models

This paper applies the explicit aggregation (Xpa) algorithm developed by den Haan and Rendahl (J Econ Dyn Control 34:69–78, 2010) to the heterogeneous-firm models of Khan and Thomas (J Monet Econ 50:331–360, 2003; Econometrica 76:395–436, 2008) and the heterogeneous-household models of Krueger et al. (in: Taylor, Uhlig (eds) Handbook of macroeconomics, vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 843–921, 2016). We find the Xpa algorithm is an order of magnitude faster for solving these models than the standard Krusell–Smith (KS) algorithm because it does not need to simulate the distribution of individual capital and productivity when updating the aggregate forecasting rules. However, the simulation results in the Xpa and KS algorithms in terms of both the micro- and macro-level moments are almost identical, even in levels, because of bias correction. The Xpa algorithm also exhibits accuracy comparable with the KS algorithm.
Using K-core Decomposition on Class Dependency Networks to Improve Bug Prediction Model's Practical Performance

In recent years, Complex Network theory and graph algorithms have been proved to be effective in predicting software bugs. On the other hand, as a widely-used algorithm in Complex Network theory, k-core decomposition has been used in software engineering domain to identify key classes. Intuitively, key classes are more likely to be buggy since they participate in more functions or have more interactions and dependencies. However, there is no existing research uses k-core decomposition to analyze software bugs. To fill this gap, we first use k-core decomposition on Class Dependency Networks to analyze software bug distribution from a new perspective. An interesting and widely existed tendency is observed: for classes in k-cores with larger k values, there is a stronger possibility for them to be buggy. Based on this observation, we then propose a simple but effective equation named as top-core which improves the order of classes in the suspicious class list produced by effort-aware bug prediction models. Based on an empirical study on 18 open-source Java systems, we show that the bug prediction models’ performances are significantly improved in 85.2 percent experiments in the cross-validation scenario and in 80.95 percent experiments in the forward-release scenario, after using top-core. The models’ average performances are improved by 11.5 and 12.6 percent, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed top-core equation can help the testers or code reviewers locate the real bugs more quickly and easily in software bug prediction practices.
Interactive and Uncertainty-aware Imitation Learning: Theory and Applications

Living entities have an innate ability to replicate others' behaviour. As this mechanism helps with overcoming time, mobility and resources constraints in learning new abilities, it is not surprising then that the Imitation Learning framework has played a vital role in many AI systems. In the context of machine learning, Imitation Learning algorithms have been used to infer optimal behaviour for a task using traces of the execution performed by another expert agent. This paradigm has the potential to apply to any setting where an expert's demonstrations are available. The first part of the present work develops an example of a system where imitation learning principles were applied to the problem of visually impaired people guidance at intersections. As an indirect learning method to transfer skills among intelligent agents, imitation learning techniques helped with capturing the knowledge of sighted individuals into a solution for helping blind individuals with the task of intersection crossing. A system of this kind has the potential to change the lives of its users as it aids their mobility and exploration capabilities. However, in order to deploy a system of this kind, it is required to guarantee that a policy derived from machine learning-based methods can consistently perform in familiar environments and safely react to the unknown. Hence, the second part of this work is devoted to the development of a theoretical and experimental framework to improve safety on the Imitation Learning process through interactivity and uncertainty estimation. Uncertainty-aware Interactive Imitation Learning algorithms will help the derivation of policies that can guarantee safety in AI systems, thus expanding the range of areas where they can be applied.
Family farms and the markets: examining the level of market-oriented production 15 years after the Zimbabwe Fast Track Land Reform programme

ABSTRACT Small family farmers aim to secure food through own production, and the surplus is only sold to finance productive and reproductive investments. The Fast Track Land Reform programme (FTLRP) caused a dramatic increase in the number of family farms, with approximately 180,000 families being resettled on 70% of agricultural land previously held by about 4500 commercial white farmers. This increased demand for agricultural capital goods, thus putting pressure on the under-resourced government of Zimbabwe, which had to provide inputs considering the FTLRP and capital outflows induced by the economic meltdown. The study tracks and maps out the position of family farmers in Zimbabwe with respect to the agricultural inputs and outputs markets over 15 years of land reform implementation. Specifically, the study utilises the SMAIAS 2013–14 Household Survey to calculate commercialisation indices for major agricultural crops in Zimbabwe. Commercialisation involves the creation of mechanisms that encourage farmers’ active participation and integration in the commodity markets. The survey results show that participation is found to be highly differentiated, with small-scale producers participating the least. More farmers were more active in the inputs markets than they were in the outputs markets, thus implying a perennial reduction of farmers’ incomes and productive asset investment capacity. Additionally, the study provides structural transformative policy alternatives for improving production and rural household income to reduce poverty.
Qualitative characteristics of company annual reports as perceived by constituencies in the reporting environment

In this article a list of qualitative characteristics which investors and analysts are likely to require from the annual report of a listed company is identified. The research analyses data obtained from a questionnaire in an effort to determine which qualitative characteristics are most important to investors and financial analysts. It is attempted to determine whether a more parsimonious list can be constructed. Finally, a statistical test is performed in order to establish whether preparers and regulators of financial information perceive the qualitative characteristics deemed important by investors and analysts correctly. In hierdie artikel word 'n lys van kwalitatiewe eienskappe wat beleggers en finansiele analiseerders moontlik van die jaarverslag van 'n gekwoteerde maatskappy kan verwag, geidentifiseer. Die navorsing analiseer data verkry van 'n vraelys in 'n poging om te bepaal watter kwalitatiewe eienskappe die mees belangrikste vir beleggers en analiseerders is. Daar word verder gepoog om vas te stel of 'n korter lys opgestel kan word. Laastens word 'n statistiese toets uitgevoer om te bepaal of die voorbereiders en reguleerders van finansiele inligting die kwalitatiewe eienskappe wat beleggers en analiseerders belangrik ag, korrek waarneem.
Coding Literacy: How Computer Programming Is Changing Writing

Searching for the majority of offered publication or reading source worldwide? We supply them done in layout type as word, txt, kindle, pdf, zip, rar and ppt. one of them is this professional coding literacy how computer programming is changing writing software studies that has actually been written by Still puzzled ways to get it? Well, just read online or download by registering in our website below. Click them.
Adverse political incentives and obstinate behavioural norms: a study of social safety nets in Bangladesh

Despite the relative success of poverty alleviation over the last two decades, the issue of social safety nets remains an intriguing issue in the area of the strategic intervention of the government of Bangladesh. This article aims at exploring two sets of challenges: adverse political incentives and obstinate behavioural norms. In doing so, the current article proposes a conceptual framework that highlights the effects of clientelism, institutional frameworks and their enforcements, and social, human and technological factors on social safety nets. Further, it also shows how social safety nets influence the reduction of poverty, vulnerabilities and risks, leading towards the capacity building and empowerment of vulnerable people. The case of Bangladesh is discussed in the light of the proposed conceptual framework. Points for practitioners State decision-makers and implementers may take cognizance of the importance of the participation of pro-poor civic forums at different stages of social safety net intervention, the allocation of adequate resources, and addressing numerous management deficits confronting social safety nets. International development organizations also need to consider the contextual variables while providing assistance to developing countries in general and Bangladesh in particular. Political actors and administrators also need to take into account major contradictions in the formulation and implementation of social safety net programmes in Bangladesh.
Welfare Impact of Globalization in Developing Countries: Examining the Mediating Role of Human Capital

Despite remarkable progress in the fight against poverty during the past few decades, the proportion of the poor living in developing countries is still on the high side. Many countries have promoted integration as an important development strategy; however, its impact on welfare of the poor is still unclear. In this study, we examine the roles of education and health dimensions of human capital in globalization and its impact on the poverty gap and the child mortality rate using cross-country panel data covering 110 developing countries between 1970 and 2015. We use a model based on system generalized method of moments (SGMM) to control for unobserved heterogeneity and potential endogeneity of the explanatory variables. The empirical results reveal that globalization reduces poverty gap and child mortality rate, and that an increase in the stock of human capital in developing economies improves welfare outcomes. The study also finds that human capital strengthens the negative impact of globalization on poverty gap and child mortality rate. For example, should enrollment in secondary school in Nigeria (in 2013) be increased from 39.2% to 61.6%, on average, it could translate into 2508 fewer under-five child deaths. We recommend that interconnectedness and promotion of human capital development should constitute a fundamental component of policy mix targeted at enhancing reduction of poverty and child mortality rate in developing countries.
The Contribution of Global Alliances to Airlines’ Environmental Performance

Global alliances have traditionally been related to improvements in the economic and operational performances of companies, particularly in the airline industry. However, we still do not know the effect of the participation in this kind of multilateral agreement on the environmental performance of airlines. The main aim of this work is to analyze whether the alliance membership of airlines has an effect upon their environmental performance, and if so, whether or not the characteristics of the global alliance, as well as the business model of the airline, may influence this relation to a greater or lesser extent. The results of regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a sample of 252 airlines (58 included in one of the three global alliances: Star Alliance, Oneworld, and SkyTeam) show a strong and inverse relationship between environmental performance and belonging to an alliance. The paper also shows empirical evidence of the influence of the business model of the airline on environmental performance. These results suggest important implications for managers facing challenges regarding sustainability.
Macroecenomic identification of the pricing factors on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

This paper considers the main economic forces which drive the various sectors of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, over the period 1979-1987. A factor-analysis approach identified these main forces as the price of gold, the short-term rate of interest, the performance of foreign stock markets, and local business confidence. The period considered is broken down into several subperiods in which these economic factors performed differently and where one or other dominated. This enables one to obtain a precise idea of which economic variables move which sectors and when.
Compressive Imaging Using RIP-Compliant CMOS Imager Architecture and Landweber Reconstruction

In this paper, we present a new image sensor architecture for fast and accurate compressive sensing (CS) of natural images. Measurement matrices usually employed in CS CMOS image sensors are recursive pseudo-random binary matrices. We have proved that the restricted isometry property of these matrices is limited by a low sparsity constant. The quality of these matrices is also affected by the non-idealities of pseudo-random number generators (PRNG). To overcome these limitations, we propose a hardware-friendly pseudo-random ternary measurement matrix generated on-chip by means of class III elementary cellular automata (ECA). These ECA present a chaotic behavior that emulates random CS measurement matrices better than other PRNG. We have combined this new architecture with a block-based CS smoothed-projected Landweber reconstruction algorithm. By means of single value decomposition, we have adapted this algorithm to perform fast and precise reconstruction while operating with binary and ternary matrices. Simulations are provided to qualify the approach.
An epidemiological Study of Domestic Violence Against Women and its Association with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Bangalore Rural

Background: Gender-based violence is universal, differing only in scope from one society to the other. The most common form of violence against women is domestic violence or violence within families. Objectives: 1. To study the prevalence and different forms of domestic violence perpetrated by intimate partner against married women. 2. To study socio economic and demographic factors which affect the victimization of woman for domestic violence. 3.To study prevalence of sexually transmitted infection and its association with domestic violence in the study group. Methods: Based on a pilot study results, a sample size of 257 was determined. Total 257 currently married women in the reproductive age group (15-49 yrs) were interviewed by systematic random sampling with prior consent using a well designed, pre- tested questionnaire . All the women were screened for sexually transmitted infections as per the WHO guidelines by syndromic approach. The data was analyzed by percentages and chi-square test. Results: Prevalence of domestic violence was found to be 29.57% in the study group. Verbal abuse was reported by 81.58% of the women, Physical abuse by 31.58% of the women ,Psychological abuse by 27.63% of the women and Sexual abuse by 10.53% of the women. Among the 76 victimized women none of them reported to the police. Interpretation and conclusions: The vulnerability to domestic violence was found significantly associated with age at marriage, duration of marriage and addiction of husband to alcohol. The association between domestic violence and sexually transmitted infections was also found significant.
Selection of the attributes in intuitionistic fuzzy models

: We present a novel method of attribute selection for data bases which are expressed via intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs, for short). We use the three term representation of the IFSs which makes it possible to construct a transparent and justiﬁed function that makes it possible to select attributes for widely understood decision making, e
Extreme Inflation and Time-Varying Expected Consumption Growth

In a parsimonious regime switching model, we find strong evidence that expected consumption growth varies over time. Adding inflation as a second variable, we uncover two states in which expected consumption growth is low, one with high and one with negative expected inflation. Embedded in a general equilibrium asset pricing model with learning, these dynamics replicate the observed time variation in stock return volatilities and stock-bond return correlations. They also provide an alternative derivation for a measure of time-varying disaster risk suggested by Watcher [ Wachter J (2013) Can time-varying risk of rare disasters explain aggregate stock market volatility? J. Finance 68(3):987–1035]. implying that both the disaster and the long-run risk paradigm can be extended toward explaining movements in the stock-bond correlation. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Political leadership in times of crisis: the Commission presidency of Jean-Claude Juncker

Abstract This article explores the leadership of Jean-Claude Juncker as Commission president, addressing two questions: to what extent did Juncker exercise political leadership and in what ways did his leadership qualify as explicitly political? Drawing on leadership theory and recent insights into political leadership in the EU, the article first conceptualises the Commission president’s potential for acting as a leader – particularly a political leader. The empirical section analyses Juncker’s provision of agenda-setting and mediative-institutional leadership in two phases: the first marked by an extraordinary activism and an assertive attitude in agenda-setting, but with limited successes in achieving binding decisions; the second characterised by launching proposals for deliberation and debate, embedded in longer-term visions. The article concludes that around the mid-term of his incumbency, Juncker adapted to the constraining institutional and situational context by engaging in mediative-institutional leadership and carving out a new, more political role for the Commission president.
(Mis)taking social responsibility? Implementing welfare state reform by private and non-profit organizations

ABSTRACT This article relates institutional theory to the concept of organizational legitimacy with cognitive, moral, and pragmatic dimensions, to analyse how a Dutch national policy reform – aimed at expanding the social responsibility for sick leave and disability toward non-state organizations – is understood and enacted locally. Based on interviews in 52 organizations, the study highlights that implementing welfare state reform is predominantly based on pragmatic reasoning, and justified by specific moral and cognitive interpretations. The findings reveal that implementing reform is active institutional work by – paradoxically – restricted local agency, with disciplinary effects on a narrow range of actors.
Stakeholder Salience and Accountability Mechanisms in Not‐For‐Profit Service Delivery Organizations

Motivated by the importance and distinctiveness of accountability to stakeholders in not&#8208;for&#8208;profit organizations (NFPs), we examine the use of Ebrahim's accountability mechanisms in a large sample of service delivery NFPs in Australia. Although much prior literature relies on the concept of stakeholder power to explain NFPs&#8217; accountability practices, stakeholder salience (embracing the concepts of stakeholder power, legitimacy, and urgency) emerges as a competing explanation. Utilizing Mitchell et&#160;al.&#8217;s stakeholder salience framework, we examine the impact of stakeholder power, legitimacy, and urgency on NFPs&#8217; use of accountability mechanisms to account to two key stakeholder groups, government and beneficiaries. Our results show that although legitimacy and urgency of government influence the use of upward accountability mechanisms, beneficiary power influences the use of the downward accountability mechanism of participation.
Challenges in public procurement in Kwahu West Municipal Assembly, Ghana

Public procurement is a legal means by which goods, works and services are acquired by public entities including District Assemblies to promote development. Although the procurement process is to enhance judicious government spending, it has been seen as bureaucratic and cumbersome. This study set out to examine challenges that characterise public procurement process in Kwahu West Municipal Assembly within the legal framework in Ghana. Qualitative approach was employed in the study. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to draw participants for the study while interview guides and focus group discussion guides were used in data collection. The study found that low level of professionalism on the part of suppliers and contractors, bureaucracy, corruption and political interference characterised the procurement process and recommended that citizens should be concerned about how their monies are being spent by monitoring the procurement process in order to achieve value for money. Keywords: Bureaucracy, Corruption, Development, Government, Procurement