Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession

PREAMBLE The Health Education profession is dedicated to excellence in the practice of promoting individual, family, organizational, and community health. The Code of Ethics provides a framework of shared values within which Health Education is practiced. The responsibility of each Health Educator is to aspire to the highest possible standards of conduct and to encourage the ethical behavior of all those with whom they work. Article I: Responsibility to the Public A Health Educator’s ultimate responsibility is to educate people for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, and improving individual, family, and community health. When a conflict of issues arises among individuals, groups, organizations, agencies, or institutions, health educators must consider all issues and give priority to those that promote wellness and quality of living through principles of self-determination and freedom of choice for the individual. Article II: Responsibility to the Profession Health Educators are responsible for their professional behavior, for the reputation of their profession, and for promoting ethical conduct among their colleagues. Article III: Responsibility to Employers Health Educators recognize the boundaries of their professional competence and are accountable for their professional activities and actions. Article IV: Responsibility in the Delivery of Health Education Health Educators promote integrity in the delivery of health education. They respect the rights, dignity, confidentiality, and worth of all people by adapting strategies and methods to the needs of diverse populations and communities. Article V: Responsibility in Research and Evaluation Health Educators contribute to the health of the population and to the profession through research and evaluation activities. When planning and conducting research or evaluation, health educators do so in accordance with federal and state laws and regulations, organizational and institutional policies, and professional standards. Article VI: Responsibility in Professional Preparation Those involved in the preparation and training of Health Educators have an obligation to accord learners the same respect and treatment given other groups by providing quality education that benefits the profession and the public.
Management strategies and surgical techniques for deep-seated supratentorial arteriovenous malformations.

The therapeutic options for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the thalamus and the basal ganglia have expanded to include preoperative embolization, stereotactic radiation, and microsurgery. Adjuncts to surgery such as stereotactic guidance, electrophysiological monitoring, intraoperative ultrasound, intraoperative angiography, and induced hypotension have significantly reduced postoperative morbidity. We review the management and outcome of 65 consecutive patients who were treated for deep-seated supratentorial vascular malformations; 45 patients (69%) were treated surgically, 10 patients (15%) were treated conservatively, and 10 patients (15%) underwent radiosurgery. This retrospective study (1976-1993) includes 51 AVMs (78%), 14 cavernous angiomas (22%), and 10 associated vascular anomalies (15%). Initially, 59 (91%) of 65 patients presented with hemorrhage; 23 patients (39%) suffered recurrent hemorrhages. Malformations ranged in size from 1 to 7.5 cm (mean, 2.8 cm). AVMs were fed principally by the anterior and posterior choroidal, thalamoperforate, and lenticulostriate arteries. Venous drainage was uniform via the deep venous system. Among 39 patients who underwent surgery for AVMs, 26 (67%) improved, 7 (18%) remained unchanged, 5 (13%) worsened, and 1 (3%) died. Among six patients who underwent surgery for cavernous angiomas, four (66%) improved, one (17%) remained unchanged, and one (17%) worsened. Operative complications included transient neurological deficits in seven patients (16%), permanent neurological deficits in six patients (13%), and new bleeding from residual AVMs in four patients (9%). Among 10 patients treated conservatively, 3 (30%) had repeat hemorrhages, 2 (20%) had progressive neurological deficits, and 1 (10%) died. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Romatoid artritin risk faktörleri: Eğitim düzeyi, tonsillektomi ve apendektomi

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of flexible joints with unknown etiology, which affects 1% of the world’s population. The aim of this 2010 study was to investigate the association between the level of education, tonsillectomy and appendectomy in the patients’ history with RA. The study was carried out in Hamedan City, in the West of Iran. Patients and Methods: As a patient-control study, information from 128 patients and 130 controls, matched for age and gender, was collected by questionnaires and physical exams with the consent of both patients and controls, followed by an SPSS statistical analysis (Pearson’s Chi-Square test). Results: In patient and control groups, there were 116 and 117 females, respectively, and the rest were males. Statistical analysis showed that there is no significant association between level of education or tonsillectomy with RA (p>0.05), whereas appendectomy was significantly associated inversely with the risk of RA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering previous global investigations on this topic with different results and the results of our study, it seems that more studies are needed to determine the definitive association between level of education, tonsillectomy and appendectomy with the risk of RA
Antipsychotic prescribing in dementia patients in care homes: proactive in‐reach service improved quality of care

poor mental health as measured by the GHQ-28. Carers scoring ≥23 felt a need for more information and counseling (p=0.05), worried more about how the dementia would progress (p< 0.01), and had financial difficulties (p=0.02). Similar associations were found between a score on BDI ≥10 and in the following items of Care-EOD: (i) they felt a need for more information and counseling (p< 0.01); (ii) worried more about how the dementia would progress (p= 0.02); (iii) experienced financial difficulties (p< 0.01); (iv) were more scared about the patient not being able to recognize them any longer (p< 0.01); (v) rarely met anyone who understood them (p= 0.04); and (vi) felt sad and worried about the future (p= 0.01).
Ascertaining the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in relation to occupation using a case-control design.

BACKGROUND Recent community surveys have reported a risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in occupations involving exposure to organic dust and gas/vapour. Aims Our aim was to confirm these results using a case-control design on 131 COPD cases (FEV(1) < 80% of predicted value, minimally reversible with bronchodilators) and 298 controls, selected from registers for patients admitted to our Institute of Occupational Medicine. METHODS Surrogates of past exposure were occupation, exposure assigned by a job-exposure matrix, and years spent in a given occupation. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for COPD were calculated using logistic regression models with office workers as the reference. RESULTS Age-smoking-adjusted ORs (and CIs) were: 15.1 (3.2-71.6) in farmers; 7.2 (1.3-41.1) in cotton workers; 6.4 (1.6-25.5) in welders; 4.7 (1.3-16.4) in painters; 12.1 (1.3-108) in foundry workers; 6.50 (1.14-37.0) in refractory brick workers; and 3.1 (1.0-9.5) in construction workers. In farmers, cotton workers, welders and painters, the adjusted ORs significantly increased (by 6-9%) for each extra year of work, while in other occupations any such increase was of borderline significance. Adjusted ORs were 3.80 (1.21-12.0), 5.83 (1.82-18.6) and 8.86 (2.29-34.3) in workers exposed to high levels of mineral dust, gas/vapour/fume and biological dust, respectively. Consistent risk estimates were obtained for farmers, textile workers, painters and welders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm previous epidemiological evidence and are supported by recent observations that cigarette smoke, cotton and organic farm dust contain the same powerful pro-inflammatory agents, and that organic dust and irritant gas induce bronchitis by triggering the same effector molecules as cigarette smoke.
Major bleeding risk prediction using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equations in acute coronary syndrome

Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equations estimate glomerular filtration rate more accurately than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation. Our aim was to evaluate whether CKD‐EPI equations based on serum creatinine and/or cystatin C (CysC) predict risk for major bleeding (MB) more accurately than the MDRD Study equation in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
Effects of Oral Administration of Probiotics from Mongolian Dairy Products on the Th1 Immune Response in Mice

We investigated 10 lactic acid bacteria strains with probiotic potential prepared from Mongolian dairy products for their ability to induce T helper type-1 (Th1) cytokine production in mouse immune cells in vitro and in vivo. Among these strains, the Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2 strain was effective in elevating the level of interleukin (IL)-12p40 in co-culture with J774.1 cells and the levels of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ in co-culture with mouse spleen cells in vitro. Oral administration of this strain augmented the gene expression of IFN-γ and IL-12p40 and enlarged the population of CD4+, CD25+, and CD49b+ cells in the spleens of normal mice. It also significantly elevated the gene expression of IL-12 receptor β2 as well as IL-12p40 and IFN-γ in Peyer's patches. Thus oral administration of strain 06CC2 was effective in inducing Th1 cytokine production activating the Th1 immune response associated with intestinal immunity in normal mice.
Disease Control in Patients with Asthma is Associated with Alexithymia but not with Depression or Anxiety

This observational cohort study investigated the relationship between alexithymia, coping strategies, anxiety, depression, pulmonary function, and disease control in bronchial asthma (BA) patients who attended a tertiary care center between December 2010 and November 2011. Participants (N = 117) were administered self-report scales measuring anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and coping strategies. Pulmonary function expressed as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the FVC (FEF25–75) as% predicted and FEV1/FVC as%, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in ppb and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) were recorded. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two clusters of patients with different FEV1 values (p < .001) and alexithymia scores (p < .001). The cluster with lower FEV1 and higher alexithymia used more maladaptive coping strategies (p < .05), and had lower ACT scores (p < .05). Alexithymia was significantly associated with the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms (p < .001 for each comparison). In BA patients, alexithymia was associated with worse pulmonary function and disease control and a more frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies. These results support a multidimensional approach to asthmatic patients, including psychoeducational and behavioral interventions aimed at reducing maladaptive coping strategies.
Hepatitis C virus directly associates with insulin resistance independent of the visceral fat area in nonobese and nondiabetic patients

Summary. Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be associated with the visceral adipose tissue area. Elucidation of the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and IR is of great clinical relevance, because IR promotes liver fibrosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HCV infection by itself may promote IR. We prospectively evaluated 47 patients with chronic HCV infection who underwent liver biopsy. Patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), or a history of alcohol consumption were excluded. IR was estimated by calculation of the modified homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index. Abdominal fat distribution was determined by computed tomography. Fasting blood glucose levels were within normal range in all the patients. The results of univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the quantity of HCV‐RNA and the HOMA‐IR (r = 0.368, P = 0.0291). While a significant correlation between the visceral adipose tissue area and the HOMA‐IR was also observed in the 97 control, nondiabetic, non‐HCV‐infected patients (r = 0.398, P < 0.0001), no such significant correlation between the visceral adipose tissue area and the HOMA‐IR (r = 0.124, P = 0.496) was observed in the patients with HCV infection. Multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender and visceral adipose tissue area revealed a significant correlation between the HCV‐RNA and the HOMA‐IR (P = 0.0446). HCV is directly associated with IR in a dose‐dependent manner, independent of the visceral adipose tissue area. This is the first report to demonstrate the direct involvement of HCV and IR in patients with chronic HCV infection.
A Novel Adenine Nucleotide Translocase Inhibitor, MT-21, Induces Cytochrome c Release by a Mitochondrial Permeability Transition-independent Mechanism*

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria is a critical step during apoptosis. In order to study this process, we have used a synthetic compound, MT-21, that is able to initiate release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. We demonstrate that MT-21 significantly inhibits ADP transport activity in mitochondria and reduces binding of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) to a phenylarsine oxide affinity matrix. These results suggest that ANT, one of the components of the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore, is the molecular target for MT-21. In agreement with this, the MT-21-induced cytochromec release was effectively inhibited in the presence of ANT ligands, and MT-21 could dissociate ANT from a complex with a glutathione S-transferase-cyclophilin D fusion protein. Interestingly, we also found that specific inhibitors of ANT such as MT-21 and atractyloside could induce cytochrome c release without mitochondrial swelling and that this event was highly dependent on the presence of Mg2+. These results suggest that although ANT resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, specific ANT inhibitors can induce cytochrome c release without having an effect on inner membrane permeability. Therefore, MT-21 can be a powerful tool for studying the mechanism of PT-independent cytochromec release from mitochondria.
Combining ability for yield and yield contributing characters of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.).

Crosses were made between three varieties and seven accessions of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) in all possible combinations to establish 10 × 10 full diallel set. Variances for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant or highly significant for all the characters indicating additive and non-additive gene actions played predominant role for expression of these characters. The magnitudes of GCA variance were higher than the corresponding SCA variance confirmed the predominance of additive genetic variations for these traits. The variety CVL-1 and Acc. 1831 were good general combiners for plant height, technical height, base diameter, number of nodes, bark weight, fibre weight and stick weight. Crosses, var. CVL-1 × Acc. 1831, Accs. 3695 × 4087, Accs. 1831 × 1833, Accs.1831 × var.CC-45, Acc. 2146 × var. A-38 and Acc. 2146 × var.CC-45 revealed significant positive SCA effect for fibre weight. Significant reciprocal SCA effect was observed in crosses, Accs.1832 × 3695, Accs.1833 × 1831 and Acc. 4087 × var.CVL-1. Crosses, var. CVL-1 × Acc.1831, Accs. 3695 × 4087, Acc.1831 × var.CC-45, Acc.2146 × var.CC-45 and a reciprocal cross, Accs.1833 × 1831 were found to be good specific combiners for bark weight, fibre weight and stick weight.
Microbiologic Examination of Bandage Contact Lenses Used after Corneal Collagen Cross-linking Treatment

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the agents of bacterial contamination of contact lenses after corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL), and to present the possible changes of ocular flora after riboflavin/ultraviolet A. Methods: Seventy-two contact lenses of patients who underwent CCL and 41 contact lenses of patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) as control group were enrolled to the study. After 48 h of incubation, broth culture media was transferred to plates. Samples were accepted as positive if one or more colony-forming units were shown. Results: There were positive cultures in 12 (16.7%) contact lenses in the CCL group and 5 (12.2%) had positive cultures in PRK group. Coagulase-negative staphlycocci (CNS) were the most frequent microorganism. Alpha hemolytic streptococci and Diphteroid spp. were the other isolated microorganisms. Conclusions: Bacterial colonization can occur during and early after the CCL procedure in epithelial healing. To prevent corneal infections after the treatment, prophylactic antibiotics should be prescribed.
Validation of the RT3 triaxial accelerometer for the assessment of physical activity.

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to assess and compare the validity of the RT3 accelerometer for the assessment of physical activity in boys and men, to compare RT3 and Tritrac accelerometer counts, and to determine count cut-off values for moderate (> or =3 < 6 METs) and vigorous (> or =6 METs) activity. METHODS Nineteen boys (age: 9.5 +/- 0.8 yr) and 15 men (age: 20.7 +/- 1.4 yr) walked and ran on a treadmill, kicked a ball to and fro, played hopscotch, and sat quietly. An RT3 was worn on the right hip; boys also wore a Tritrac on the left hip. Oxygen consumption was expressed as a ratio of body mass raised to the power of 0.75 (S VO2). RESULTS RT3 counts correlated significantly with S VO2 in boys (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) and men (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). However, during treadmill activities, RT3 counts were significantly higher for boys (P < 0.05). RT3 counts corresponding to "moderate" and "vigorous" activity were similar for boys and men for all activities (moderate = 970.2 for boys and 984.0 for men; vigorous = 2333.0 for boys and 2340.8 for men) but approximately 400 counts lower in men when only treadmill activities were considered. Tritrac counts correlated significantly with S VO2 in boys (r = 0.87, P < 0.01), but were significantly lower than RT3 counts across most activities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The RT3 accelerometer is a good measure of physical activity for boys and men. However, moderate and vigorous intensity count thresholds differ for boys and men when the predominant activities are walking and running. RT3 counts are significantly higher than Tritrac counts for a number of activities. These findings have implications when comparing activity counts between studies using the different instruments.
Lipoprotein lipase suppression in 3T3‐L1 cells by a haematoprotozoan‐induced mediator from peritoneal exudate cells

Summary Lysates of the haematoprotozoa Trypanosoma brucei or Plasmodium berghei stimulated murine peritoneal exudate cells to release a mediator, which suppressed lipoprotein lipase activity in differentiating 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. The parasite‐induced mediator suppressed the activity of cell surface lipoprotein lipase up to 39% in a dose dependent manner. By impairing the activity of cell surface lipoprotein lipase, this mediator acts to inhibit the uptake of fatty acid, and ultimately the accumulation of lipid by the adipocyte. In vivo this defect in triglyceride removal may explain the hypertriglyceridemia commonly observed in haematoprotozoan infections. We suggest that the lipoprotein lipase suppression mediator is produced as a consequence of the immune response to these parasitic protozoa.
Mandatory Disclosure Quality, Inside Ownership, and Cost of Capital

Abstract This paper examines whether and how inside ownership mediates the relation between disclosure quality and the cost of capital. Both ownership and more transparent reporting have the potential to align incentives between managers and investors thereby reducing systematic risk. Employing a large global sample across 35 countries over the 1990–2004 period, we show that country-level disclosure regulation is negatively related to (i) inside ownership, and (ii) firms' implied cost of capital and realised returns. We then introduce ownership into the cost of capital model, and also find a negative relation. These relations extend to the systematic component of the cost of capital, estimated from Fama–French portfolio sorts on ownership and disclosure regulation. Thus, while the direct effect of disclosure on cost of capital is negative, the indirect effect via ownership is positive, consistent with disclosure quality and ownership acting as substitutes. Using path analysis to assess the relative magnitude, our estimates suggest that the direct effect of disclosure quality outweighs the indirect effect by a ratio of about five to one.
Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a Poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Therapeutic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) -targeted poxviral vaccines for prostate cancer have been well tolerated. PROSTVAC-VF treatment was evaluated for safety and for prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a randomized, controlled, and blinded phase II study. In total, 125 patients were randomly assigned in a multicenter trial of vaccination series. Eligible patients had minimally symptomatic castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC). PROSTVAC-VF comprises two recombinant viral vectors, each encoding transgenes for PSA, and three immune costimulatory molecules (B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3). Vaccinia-based vector was used for priming followed by six planned fowlpox-based vector boosts. Patients were allocated (2:1) to PROSTVAC-VF plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or to control empty vectors plus saline injections. Eighty-two patients received PROSTVAC-VF and 40 received control vectors. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. The primary end point was PFS, which was similar in the two groups (P = .6). However, at 3 years post study, PROSTVAC-VF patients had a better OS with 25 (30%) of 82 alive versus 7 (17%) of 40 controls, longer median survival by 8.5 months (25.1 v 16.6 months for controls), an estimated hazard ratio of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.85), and stratified log-rank P = . 0061. PROSTVAC-VF immunotherapy was well tolerated and associated with a 44% reduction in the death rate and an 8.5-month improvement in median OS in men with mCRPC. These provocative data provide preliminary evidence of clinically meaningful benefit but need to be confirmed in a larger phase III study. Comment in Developing immunotherapy as legitimate therapy for patients with prostate cancer. [J Clin Oncol. 2010] Poxviral-based prostate-specific antigen vaccine in prostate cancer. [J Clin Oncol. 2010] Words of wisdom. Re: overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a Poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. [Eur Urol. 2010] Words of wisdom. Re: Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Kantoff PW, Schuetz TJ, Blumenstein BA, et al. [Eur Urol. 2010] Abstract 1 Author information Full text links Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a. http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/20100959 1 di 2 28/08/2015 08.00