Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pain Associated with Carotid Artery Surgery Performed under Carotid Plexus Block: Preemptive Analgesic Effect of Ketorolac

Carotid artery surgery (CAS) performed under cervical plexus block is frequently associated with significant intra- and postoperative pain. To evaluate whether preoperative administration of ketorolac may improve analgesia in this type of surgery, 80 patients scheduled for CAS under cervical plexus block were randomly allocated to receive intravenously either 30 mg of ketorolac or placebo 30 minutes before surgery. Verbal rating scale pain scores during surgery and 3 and 6 hours after surgery, the number of patients requiring additional analgesia, and the total analgesic consumption both during and within 6 hours after surgery were significantly lower, whereas the time to first postoperative analgesia was significantly shorter in the ketorolac group than in the control group. The results of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study show that a single 30 mg dose of ketorolac administered intravenously 30 minutes before surgery reduces intraoperative pain and preempts postoperative pain in patients undergoing CAS under carotid plexus block.
Group-theoretical approach to the classical and quantum oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency.

We investigate the classical and quantum oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency, in the framework of the Lie group theory. Our analysis shows that both systems possess five time-dependent Noether invariants, where only two of them are functionally independent. In the classical case, three of these invariants form the su(1,1) Lie algebra under the Poisson bracket operation, while in the quantum case the corresponding invariants form the su(1,1) Lie algebra under the commutator operation. Since this algebra underlies the noncompact group SU(1,1), we are thus able to define unambiguously the dynamical group related to the generalized quantum oscillator. Furthermore, the Hamiltonian of this system can be expressed in terms of the Noether invariant operators satisfying the su(1,1) Lie algebra. This form is useful in the evaluation of the energy spectrum and in the study of coherence and squeezing. Some particular cases are briefly illustrated. The other two Noether invariants can be interpreted as the quadrature-phase amplitudes involved in the quantum nondemolition measurements and in the problem of the generation of coherent and squeezed states.
Immune activation and T cell subset abnormalities in circulation of patients with recently diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus

The peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and healthy controls were analysed for the HLA‐DR+, interleukin‐2 receptor‐positive (IL‐2R+) activating antigens, and for CD45R+ and CDw29+ subsets from the purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. Patients with IDDM had an increased percentage of HLA‐DR+ and IL‐2R+ cells in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, the percentage of CD4+CD45R+ suppressor/inducer T cells were decreased and CD4+CDw29+ helper/inducer T cells increased in all patients with IDDM, compared with healthy controls. Thus, IDDM patients exhibit a deficiency in the CD4+CD45R+ suppressor/inducer T cell subsets, which is probably related to the autoimmune phenomenon in this disease. In contrast, the percentage of CD8+CD45R+ and CD8+CDw29+ T cell subsets showed no major differences between patients with IDDM and controls. An alteration in the CD4+CD45R+ and CD4+CDw29+ T cell subsets appears to be a characteristic feature, and may relate to the impaired cell‐mediated immunity in IDDM. These data provide new evidence for T cell dysregulation in IDDM.
Electrical methods of controlling bacterial adhesion and biofilm on device surfaces

This review will summarize the significant body of research within the field of electrical methods of controlling the growth of microorganisms. We examine the progress from early work using current to kill bacteria in static fluids to more realistic treatment scenarios such as flow-through systems designed to imitate the human urinary tract. Additionally, the electrical enhancement of biocide and antibiotic efficacy will be examined alongside recent innovations including the biological applications of acoustic energy systems to prevent bacterial surface adherence. Particular attention will be paid to the electrical engineering aspects of previous work, such as electrode composition, quantitative electrical parameters and the conductive medium used. Scrutiny of published systems from an electrical engineering perspective will help to facilitate improved understanding of the methods, devices and mechanisms that have been effective in controlling bacteria, as well as providing insights and strategies to improve the performance of such systems and develop the next generation of antimicrobial bioelectric materials.
B-cell subset alterations and correlated factors in HIV-1 infection

Objectives:During HIV-1 infection, the development, phenotype, and functionality of B cells are impaired. Transitional B cells and aberrant B-cell populations arise in blood, whereas a declined percentage of resting memory B cells is detected. Our study aimed at pinpointing the demographic, immunological, and viral factors driving these pathological findings, and the role of antiretroviral therapy in reverting these alterations. Design:B-cell phenotype and correlating factors were evaluated. Methods:Variations in B-cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry in HIV-1-infected individuals naive to therapy, elite controllers, and patients treated with antiretroviral drugs (virological control or failure). Multivariable analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with the B-cell alterations. Results:Significant differences were observed among patients’ groups in relation to all B-cell subsets. Resting memory B cells were preserved in patients naive to therapy and elite controllers, but reduced in treated patients. Individuals naive to therapy and experiencing multidrug failure, as well as elite controllers, had significantly higher levels of activated memory B cells compared to healthy controls. In the multivariate analysis, plasma viral load and nadir CD4+ T cells independently correlated with major B-cell alterations. Coinfection with hepatitis C but not hepatitis B virus also showed an impact on specific B-cell subsets. Successful protracted antiretroviral treatment led to normalization of all B-cell subsets with exception of resting memory B cells. Conclusion:Our results indicate that viremia and nadir CD4+ T cells are important prognostic markers of B-cell perturbations and provide evidence that resting memory B-cell depletion during chronic infection is not reverted upon successful antiretroviral therapy.
Regional sympathetic nervous activity and oxygen consumption in obese normotensive human subjects.

BACKGROUND Disturbed sympathetic nervous function may be of importance in obesity; sympathetic underactivity could contribute to deficient thermogenesis, positive energy balance, and weight gain, while in contrast, sympathetic nervous overactivity would predispose to the development of obesity-related hypertension. Global indices of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) function such as plasma or urinary norepinephrine (NE) have been unable to define SNS status in obesity. Since regional SNS activity can be altered in the absence of global changes, we investigated SNS activity in the heart, kidneys, and hepatomesenteric bed in healthy human subjects across a wide body mass index (BMI) range of between 19.6 and 35.5. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-body and regional plasma NE kinetics using [3H]-labeled NE were assessed. Regional oxygen consumption was measured by combining arteriovenous differences in oxygen content and regional blood flow. Arterial plasma NE and whole-body plasma NE spillover were unrelated to BMI. With a BMI cutoff of 27, mean cardiac NE spillover was 46% lower in the obese subjects when compared with the lean subjects (P=.017). Renal NE spillover was significantly correlated with BMI (r=.668, P=.001), the mean value in the obese subjects being more than twice that in the lean subjects. Hepatomesenteric NE spillover was comparable in lean and obese subjects. Renal and hepatomesenteric oxygen consumption were both significantly higher in the obese subjects compared with lean subjects. CONCLUSIONS Regional SNS activity is heterogeneous in the obese state. Important regional alterations, which may be clinically relevant, occur in the absence of changes in global indices of sympathetic nervous function. The enhanced renal NE spillover in obesity may have implications for the development of hypertension in this group, whereas the low cardiac sympathetic tone would be expected to be cardioprotective. Enhanced visceral oxygen consumption evident in the kidneys and hepatomesenteric circulation in proportion to body mass contributes to the greater resting oxygen consumption in obesity.
Construct validity of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form among psychotherapy clients

Interest has been growing in the mental health benefits of self-compassion. Whereas, most research on this topic has been conducted with the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), a briefer 12-item version of the instrument, the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), also exists. The SCS-SF has demonstrated good validity and reliability in non-clinical samples, but it has not been used often in research with psychotherapy clients. This study was designed to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the SCS-SF in a clinical population. Data for this study were collected from 1609 college students receiving services at 10 campus counseling centers. The previously proposed factor structure of the SCS-SF was not supported. Instead, analyses revealed two factors, Self Care and Self Disparagement. Evidence for the construct validity of these factors was found via expected relationships with indices of depression, anxiety, social anxiety, hostility, academic distress, eating concerns, family distress, maladaptive perfectionism, suicidality, self-injurious behavior, and social support. SCS-SF scores were unrelated to various measures of substance use. Implications for clinical work and future research are discussed.
Hypochondriacal Concerns in Panic Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparison

Objective: To gain perspective on the relationship between hypochondriasis and panic disorder, we compared the occurrence of hypochondriasis in patients with panic disorder (N = 59) and major depressive disorder (N = 27) Methods: Patients who participated in separate drug treatment trials were assessed at baseline and eight weeks using the Whiteley Index of Hypochondriasis. Results: At baseline, the Whiteley Index score was greater for patients with panic disorder than for those with major depressive disorder. At eight weeks, a statistically significant reduction in the mean hypochondriasis score was observed in panic patients who had improved but not in major depressive patients who had improved. Modest correlations were observed between hypochondriasis and symptoms of panic and major depressive disorder, but in depressed patients, hypochondriasis was positively correlated with anxiety symptoms as well. Conclusion: A unique relationship appears to exist between hypochondriasis and panic disorder. The nature of this relationship and its implications for classification are discussed.
Robust Anomaly Detection with Applications to Acoustics and Graphs

There are four sorts of men: He who knows not and knows not that he knows not: He is a fool—shun him; He who knows not and knows that he knows not: He is simple—teach him; He who knows and knows not that he knows: He is asleep—wake him; He who knows and knows that he knows: He is wise—follow him. —Arabic proverb Our goal is to develop a robust anomaly detector that can be incorporated into pattern recognition systems that may need to be taught, but will never be shunned. The ability to know what we do not know is a concept often overlooked when developing classifiers to discriminate between different types of normal data in controlled experiments. We believe that an anomaly detector should be used to produce warnings in real applications when operating conditions change dramatically, especially when other classifiers only have a fixed set of bad candidates from which to choose. Our approach to distributional anomaly detection is to gather local information using features tailored to the domain, aggregate all such evidence to form a global ii
A Disquisition on Suppressor T Cells

The main points that I have put forth are that: (1) suppressor T cell activity cannot be explained as simply being too much help; (2) feedback signals from target cells are of crucial importance in determining and maintaining the activity of suppressor T cells; (3) whenever T cells are triggered by antigen, suppression occurs. Immune responses only occur when countermanding signals are also generated. Both intrinsic and extrinsic adjuvanticity is the operational production of countermanding signals; (4) memory T cells are qualitatively different from normal T cells in their sensitivity to feedback signals and also in their susceptibility to suppression; (5) mature thymus dependent B cells cannot be rendered tolerant by the direct action of antigen, while immature and thymus independent B cells can; (6) the mechanism of suppression induced by exogenously administered antigens and that by normal differentiation products (i.e.: GVH; allotypes), is different; (7) generation of suppressor cells requires or results from complex interactions between subpopulations of cells, making it impossible under present conditions to determine which cell is doing what and to which; (8) further work is required before a full understanding of the importance, mechanism of action and other aspects of suppressor T cell function can be fully understood.
ABC of burns: Psychosocial aspects of burn injuries

With the increased survival of patients with large burns comes a new focus on the psychological challenges and recovery that such patients must face. Most burn centres employ social workers, vocational counsellors, and psychologists as part of the multidisciplinary burn team. Physiological recovery of burn patients is seen as a continual process divided into three stages—resuscitative or critical, acute, and long term rehabilitation. The psychological needs of burn patients differ at each stage. The psychological characteristics of this stage include stressors of the intensive care environment, uncertainty about outcome, and a struggle for survival. The intensive care environment can be both overstimulating and understimulating with the monotony of lying in a hospital bed for weeks. [][1] With the increased survival of patients with large burns, there is increased focus on the psychological challenges and recovery that such patients must face Cognitive changes such as extreme drowsiness, confusion, and disorientation are common during this phase. More severe cognitive changes such as delirium and brief psychotic reactions also occur, usually as a result of infections, alcohol withdrawal, metabolic complications, or high doses of drugs. Patients may also be intubated, which greatly limits direct communication. ### Treatment In depth psychological intervention is of minimal value at this phase, since physical survival is the primary goal. Patients should be encouraged to cope with the frighteningly unusual circumstances of the intensive care unit through whatever defences are available to them, even primitive strategies such as denial and repression. Supportive psychological interventions should focus on immediate concerns, such as sleep, pain control, and protecting patients' coping strategies. Non-pharmacological approaches to pain control, such as hypnosis and relaxation, can be effective. View this table: Psychological characteristics of critical stage of recovery from a burn Medical staff can also effectively intervene during this early stage of recovery by working with a patient's family members. … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Screening and identification of major phytochemical compounds in seeds, sprouts and leaves of Tuscan black kale Brassica oleracea (L.) ssp acephala (DC) var. sabellica L.

Abstract We report the spectrophotometric determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosinolates and antioxidant activity in seeds, seedlings and leaves of Tuscan black kale. The highest content of phytochemicals was observed in 10 days sprouts and antioxidant activity was maximum in 2, 4 days seedlings. Identification and characterisation of phytochemicals were performed by mass spectrometry (MS), high resolution and tandem MS with electrospray ionisation mode. Low-molecular-weight metabolites were evidenced in seeds while metabolites at high m/z range were detected in cotyledons and leaves. MS spectra evidenced different phenolic compounds (flavonoid caffeoyl glucose, hydroxycinnamic acid sinapine) and glucosinolates (glucoerucin, glucobrassicin and glucoraphanin) in function of developmental stage; galactolipids ω3 and ω6 were observed in leaves. Identification of stages with the highest phytochemicals content encourages the consumption of black kale sprouts and young leaves. Our research can support food and pharmaceutical industries for production of health promoting products from black kale.
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Light Therapy and Psychiatry

Circadian (24-hr) rhythms are driven by an endogenous pacemaker. In constant conditions free of external time cues (Zeitgebers), the pacemaker and its driven rhythms “free run” at an intrinsic period close to, but not precisely, 24 hr (1). Twenty-four hour precision is accomplished mainly by entrainment, or synchronization, to the 24-hr light-dark cycle through daily phase shifts (a shift to either an earlier or a later time of the day) that result from exposure to light (2-4). These phase shifts vary in magnitude and direction according to when the light exposure occurs, a relationship that can be described by a phase response curve (PRC). The basic features of a PRC are that phase delays (shifts to a later time) occur in response to light exposure during the first part of the subjective night and that phase advances (shifts to an earlier time) occur in response to light exposure during the second part of the subjective night. (In constant dark conditions, subjective night refers to the sleep phase of diurnal animals and the activity phase of nocturnal animals.) During the subjective day, light exposure has relatively little effect. Generally, the middle of the night is when phase shifts are of the greatest magnitude and when there is an inflection point in the PRC that separates delay responses from advance responses. In nature, only moonlight illuminates the high-amplitude portions of the PRC that occur in the middle of the night. Entrainment to the 24-hr day is thus provided by exposure to sunlight at dawn and at dusk, resulting in a phase advance and a phase delay, respectively, each day. These phase shifts compensate for each other and their net effect must also compensate for the pacemaker's intrinsic (free-running) period.
A Diffusion Regime with Nondegenerate Slowdown

In both the conventional and the Halfin-Whitt heavy traffic diffusion regimes, the slowdown (defined as the sojourn time/service time ratio) experienced by a typical customer, degenerates in the limit, to infinity and 1, respectively. In practice, however, it often occurs that delay and service time are comparable. We study a diffusion regime in which delay and service time are of the same order of magnitude. In a setting with many heterogeneous, exponential servers, (possibly with abandonment), we find the limiting joint law of these two processes.
Comparative cardiac safety of low-dose thioridazine and low-dose haloperidol.

AIM To compare the rate of ventricular arrhythmia, sudden death and unexplained or unattended death among users of thioridazine and haloperidol. METHODS Observational cohort study of thioridazine and haloperidol users in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) using data from 1987 through 29 June 2000. Patients were followed for 30 days following each study prescription. The event of interest was a diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmia, sudden death, or unexplained or unattended death. Cox regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to examine potential confounding factors, and to examine dose-response relationships. RESULTS Use of thioridazine and haloperidol in the GPRD was primarily in older patients, at low dose (median daily dose 31 mg thioridazine, 1.8 mg haloperidol). There was no association between thioridazine use and the rate of ventricular arrhythmia, sudden death, and unexplained or unattended death (adjusted RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7, 1.1). The rate did not appear to increase with dose for either drug over the range observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that low-dose thioridazine and haloperidol have similar cardiac safety.