Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Millennials in policing: Recommendations for reshaping the workplace to recruit and retain millennials in law enforcement

Purpose As older generations of police officers retire, an increasing number of police officer vacancies are emerging. The millennial generation, however, does not appear interested in law enforcement as profession thereby creating a critical officer shortage for law enforcement agencies across the United States. Based on the increasing demand of law enforcement, this has placed a large amount of stress on law enforcement agencies and their administrators. The purpose of this paper was to understand this problem through an examination of the generational preferences of millennials and how they relate to the law enforcement profession so as to provide practical recommendations on how to address the officer shortage. Methods Through analysis of empirical research, similarities and differences between the law enforcement profession and millennial preferences were identified. Using this information, recommendations were made so as to better align millennial occupational preferences and the internal environment of law enforcement. This was done using Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory as a framework to increase motivation and decrease dissatisfaction of those millennials within policing or considering it as a profession. Key Findings Three major aspects of the internal law enforcement agency were found to be in direct contradiction to millennial preferences; the traditional police structure, police culture, and police leadership. It was postulated that “flattening” police structure, creating an inclusive work environment, and implementing transformational leadership would motivate millennials to consider policing as a profession thereby addressing the officer shortage.
Government Internal Control System and Reliability of Social Aid Fund Management Financial Statements

This study aims to determine the effect of the government internal control system (SPIP) which refers to Central Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 on the reliability of financial statements for the management of social aid (BANSOS). Tests were carried out on 19 SKPD as social aid managers in Sukoharjo regency area. The results show that the elements of SPIP, namely the environment control, activities control and information and communication did not significantly influence the reliability of financial statements of social aid fund management. While other SPIP elements, namely risk assessment and monitoring have a significant effect on the reliability of financial statements of social aid management.
Brand Co-creation in the Saudi Telecommunication Sector: Antecedents and Consequences from Customer Perspective

This work carried out in collaboration between the two authors. Both authors designed the study, managed and wrote the literature review, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the findings and recommendations and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Brand co-creation has been a crucial concept in contemporary marketing. The growing interest in co-creation had its impact on business research efforts as a support mechanism for developing the firm’s brands to meet its customer requirements and enhance the company’s competitive advantage. This research investigates the relationships between customers’ brand co-creation
Exploring Churn and Alignment between Retention and Occupational Culture as Perceived by Professional Truck Drivers

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvi CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 Background of the Study . 2 Statement of the Problem . 7 Statement of Purpose . 9 Significance of the Study . 9 Research Question and Objectives . 10 Conceptual Framework . 11 Environment . 11 Population ecology. 12 Environmental alignment . 13 Assumptions . 14 Delimitations . 15 Operationalized Definitions . 16 vii Summary . 19 CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW . 21 Human Capital . 21 Ecological Paradigm . 22 Organizational Ecology . 24 Organizational demography . 24 Population ecology. 25 Criticism of population ecology and research implications. 26 Community ecology . 30 Environment . 31 Environmental turbulence . 32 Institutional theory . 37 Historical institutionalism. 38 Rational choice institutionalism. 38 Sociological institutionalism. 39 Competition theory . 41 Resource dependence theory . 43 Resource dependence theory versus resource based view. 44 Resource dependence theory. 45 Occupational Culture . 47 viii Occupational culture as a sociological institution . 50 Occupational culture’s influence on behavior . 51 Occupational culture’s influence as a sociological institution . 53 Occupational culture research . 53 Healthcare. 56 Leisure and hospitality. 58 Environmental Alignment as Adaptation . 60 Human Capital and Performance . 64 Human capital, resource based view, and performance . 65 Human capital, retention performance, and population ecology . 68 Trucking and Deregulation—Historical Primer. 71 Driver retention . 72 Summary . 75 CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY . 78 Methodological Considerations . 79 Characteristics of qualitative research . 79 Philosophical assumptions . 80 Research Design. 80 Interpretive framework—pragmatism . 82 Combining qualitative methodologies . 84 ix Ethnographic research . 88 Phenomenological research . 90 Site selection . 91 Population and Sample . 92 Participant criterion . 95 Participant recruitment . 95 Participant incentive. 97 Field Environment and Data Collection Procedures . 99 Online field environment . 100 Computer-mediated communication (CMC) observations . 101 Defining the online field . 103 Blog data collection . 105 Offline field environment . 108 Interviews . 108 Ethnographic and phenomenological interviews . 110 Interview structure and protocol. 111 Interview location. 113 Confidentiality. 114 Pilot. 116 Interview data collection. 118 x Documentary data . 120 Data collection of documents. 121 Data Analysis . 126 Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) . 126 Data analysis procedures. 128 Validity and reliability . 133 Summary . 136 CHAPTER IV – RESULTS . 137 Participant Demographics . 137 Trucking Industry Retention Strategies .
Computational analysis of two similar neuropeptides yields distinct conformational ensembles

Conformational states and thermodynamic properties for two similar neuropeptides, GDPFLRF‐NH2 and GYPFLRF‐NH2, have been computed by Monte Carlo simulated annealing (MCSA) conformational searches and Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) calculations. These peptides were recently shown to have dramatically different conformations in solution by NMR [Edison et al., J Neuroscience 1999 ;19:6318–6326]. Final conformations of multiple independent MCSA runs were the starting points for MMC calculations, and conformations saved at intervals during MMC runs were characterized in terms of total energy, configuration entropy, side‐chain fraction population, and ensemble average inter‐nuclear distances. Without the use of any NMR data‐generated pseudo‐potentials, the present calculations were in excellent qualitative agreement with all previous NMR experimental data and provided a foundation by which to more quantitatively interpret the experimental NMR results. Proteins 2000;40:367–377. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addictive potential of modafinil and cross‐sensitization with cocaine: a pre‐clinical study

Repeated or even a single exposure to drugs of abuse can lead to persistent locomotor sensitization, which is the result of an abundance of neuroplastic changes occurring within the circuitry involved in motivational behavior and is thought to play a key role in certain aspects of drug addiction. There is substantial controversy about the addictive potential of modafinil, a wake‐promoting drug used to treat narcolepsy that is increasingly being used as a cognitive enhancer and has been proposed as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence. Male mice were used to investigate the ability of modafinil to induce locomotor sensitization after repeated or single administration in mice. Bidirectional cross‐sensitization with cocaine and modafinil‐induced conditioned place preference were also evaluated. Both repeated and single exposure to moderate and high doses of modafinil produced a pronounced locomotor sensitization that cross‐sensitized in a bidirectional way with cocaine. Remarkably, when cocaine and modafinil were repeatedly administered sequentially, their behavioral sensitization was additive. Supporting these behavioral sensitization data, modafinil produced a pronounced conditioned place preference in the mouse. Taken together, the present findings provide pre‐clinical evidence for the addictive potential of modafinil. Our data also strongly suggest that similar neural substrates are involved in the psychomotor/rewarding effects of modafinil and cocaine.
Humoral immune response as predictor of recurrence in Clostridium difficile infection.

Low serum concentrations of antibodies directed against the toxins TcdA and TcdB have been associated with a higher risk of recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) after successful antibiotic treatment. However, there are conflicting reports. Herein, we compared serum levels of antibodies of patients with a single episode of CDI with those of patients who subsequently suffered a recurrence. We used a serum bank from patients who received an experimental whey protein product following successful antibiotic treatment for CDI. We determined levels of IgA and IgG directed against TcdA, TcdB and non-toxin cell surface antigens in serum collected directly and 3 weeks after completing a 10-day course of antibiotic treatment for CDI. We also developed an objective flow cytometry-based assay to determine the proportion of cells exhibiting cytopathic effect after exposure to TcdB. Using this method, we measured the TcdB-neutralizing capacity of sera. We compared the results for patients without a subsequent recurrence with those of patients who suffered a recurrence within 60 days after completing the antibiotic treatment. Advanced age, comorbidity other than immunocompromised state and low serum levels of anti-TcdA and anti-TcdB antibodies were associated with recurrence, whereas serum levels of antibodies directed against cell surface antigens were not. Serum TcdB-neutralizing capacity, which correlated only weakly with serum IgG anti-TcdB, was not significantly associated with recurrence.
Comparisons between Geographically Diverse Samples of Carried Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Approximately one-third of the human population is asymptomatically colonized by Staphylococcus aureus. However, much of the global diversity within the carriage populations remains uncharacterized, and it is unclear to what degree the variation is geographically partitioned. We isolated 300 carriage isolates from 1,531 adults contemporaneously in four countries: France, Algeria, Moldova, and Cambodia. All strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. Six clonal complexes (CCs) were present in all four samples (CC30, -45, -121, -15, -5, and -8). Analyses based on the genotype frequencies revealed the French and Algerian samples to be most similar and the Cambodian sample to be most distinct. While this pattern is consistent with likely rates of human migration and geographic distance, stochastic clonal expansion also contributes to regional differences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a highly divergent and uncharacterized genotype (ST1223) within Cambodia. This lineage is related to CC75, which has previously been observed only in remote aboriginal populations in northern Australia.
Embodied cognition and its applications: A brief review

Embodied cognition is a research program comprising an array of methods from diverse theoretical fields (e.g., philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, etc.) held together by the key assumption that the body functions as a constituent of the mind rather than a passive perceiver and actor serving the mind. With a longstanding tradition in continental and pragmatic philosophy and a recent explosion in theoretical and empirical research in psychology and cognitive science, the embodied cognition research program is now ready to be formally translated into an applied approach for clinical, sport, education, social, media and health settings. This brief review sets the scene for this special edition by outlining philosophies and theory underpinning the embodied cognition research program and briefly reviewing accounts of embodied cognition that form themes running through the articles included in this special edition. Finally, we provide some examples of existing interventions, therapies and practices that utilise body–mind principles common to embodied cognition, though under other descriptive methodological titles. We suggest that embracing and integrating these interventions, therapies and practices under “applied embodied cognition” will encourage interdisciplinary discussion, thereby helping to move the field forward.
Ownership Structure and Financial Performance: Evidence from Panel Data of South Korea

The study seeks to examine the effect of equity ownership structure on firm financial performance in South Korea. I focus on the role of two main dimensions of the ownership structure- Ownership concentration (i.e., the distribution of shares owned by majority shareholders) and identity of owners (especially, foreign investors and institutional investors). Using panel data for South Korea in 2000--2006, I find that firm performance measured by the accounting rate of return on assets generally improves as ownership concentration increases, but the effects of foreign ownership and institutional ownership are insignificant. I also find that there exists a hump-shaped relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance, in which firm performance peaks at intermediate levels of ownership concentration. The study provides some empirical support for the hypothesis that as ownership concentration increases, the positive monitoring effect of concentrated ownership first dominates but later is outweighed by the negative effects, such as the expropriation of minority shareholders. The empirical findings shed light on the role ownership structure plays in corporate performance, and thus offer insights to policy makers interested in improving corporate governance systems in an emerging economy such as South Korea.
Ex-Vivo and In-Vitro Evidence that Low Molecular Weight Heparins Exhibit Less Binding to Plasma Proteins than Unfractionated Heparin

Summary We have compared the non-specific binding of unfractionated heparin (UFH) with that of low molecular weight heparin (LMWFl) to plasma proteins both ex vivo and in vitro. Non specific binding to plas ma proteins was assessed by comparing the heparin levels measured as anti-factor Xa activity before and after the addition of low affinity heparin, which is essentially devoid of anti-factor Xa activity, in order to displace heparin bound to plasma proteins. For the ex-vivo studies, we compared the recovery of UFH and a LMWH (ardeparin) from the plasma of patients participating in a randomized trial of post operative venous thrombosis prophylaxis. For the in-vitro studies, we compared the recovery of UFH and 4 different LMWHs when added to the plasma from healthy volunteers and from patients with suspected venous thromboembolic disease. The results indicate that the recovery of LMWH is much less affected by nonspecific binding to plasma proteins both ex-vivo and in-vitro. In addition, there are differences between the LMWHs with respect to their plasma protein-binding.
Neurological involvement in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

✓ Four patients who had medulloblastomas in association with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome are reported, for a total of six known cases. Involvement of the central nervous system appears to be an integral component of this syndrome. The medulloblastoma appear earlier in life (50% of the patients are less than 2 years old), and the prognosis appears to be better (five of the six are still living). Possible reasons for these features are considered, and other associated abnormalities are discussed.
Mental Fatigue Negatively Influences Manual Dexterity and Anticipation Timing but not Repeated High-intensity Exercise Performance in Trained Adults

This study examined the impact of a period of mental fatigue on manual dexterity, anticipation timing and repeated high intensity exercise performance. Using a randomised, repeated measures experimental design, eight physically trained adults (mean age = 24.8 ± 4.1 years) undertook a 40 minute vigilance task to elicit mental fatigue or a control condition followed by four repeated Wingate anaerobic performance tests. Pre, post fatigue/control and post each Wingate test, manual dexterity (Seconds), coincidence anticipation (absolute error) were assessed. A series of two (condition) by six (time) ways repeated measures ANOVAs indicated a significant condition by time interactions for manual dexterity time (p = 0.021) and absolute error (p = 0.028). Manual dexterity and coincidence anticipation were significantly poorer post mental fatigue compared with control. There were no significant differences in mean power between conditions or across trials (all p > 0.05).
Effect of phenobarbitone treatment on vitamin D metabolism in mammals.

1. The metabolism of radioactive cholecalciferol was studied in control and phenobarbitone-treated rats and pigs. 2. Treatment with phenobarbitone enhanced the appearance in plasma of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (peak IV on silicic acid chromatography), and of more-polar metabolites (peak V), but not of the most-polar metabolites (peak VI). Peak IV had the chromatographic properties of authentic 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) and had biological activity. 3. There was no effect on the appearance of peaks V and VI in plasma after an injection of radioactive 25-HCC. 4. Treatment with phenobarbitone enhanced the excretion of metabolites of radioactive vitamin D 3 in bile. These metabolites were largely water-soluble conjugates of peaks IV, V and VI, which included glucuronides. Peak IV in bile was not identical with 25-HCC. 5. Prolonged treatment with phenobarbitone depleted the tissue radioactivity of rats given radioactive vitamin D 3 .
Quantitative Models of Wealth Inequality: A Survey

While in the data wealth is concentrated in the hands of a small number of rich people and the saving rate of the rich is high, many models used for quantitative policy evaluation fail to match these facts. In addition, some of the models that succeed in matching these facts have radically different policy implications, depending on the nature and strength of the saving motives assumed. This paper surveys the savings mechanisms proposed so far (preference heterogeneity, transmission of bequests and human capital across generations, entrepreneurship, and high earnings risk for the top earners) and argues that more work is needed to understand wealth inequality and the saving motives behind it, and to evaluate policy more reliably.
Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae)

The genus Protocrea is redefined, based on holotype and fresh specimens of its type species P. farinosa, using morphology of teleomorph and anamorph and phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 sequences. Data based on currently available specimens suggest the existence of three well defined and three still unnamed species. Apart from the type, P. farinosa, none of the species originally included are accepted in the genus. Species of Protocrea are characterized by perithecia formed in or on a subiculum, bicellular ascospores that disarticulate at the septum while still in the ascus and by anamorphs belonging to Gliocladium sensu stricto. For Hypocrea farinosa sensu auct. the new species H. decipiens is introduced. Hypocrea pallida is recognized as a species of Protocrea. It is closely related to P. farinosa, morphologically, phylogenetically and by habit. Protocrea illinoënsis is described here as the sister taxon of P. farinosa found in the USA. All species are polyporicolous, with the principal hosts Skeletocutis nivea for P. farinosa and P. illinoënsis, and species of Oligoporus/Tyromyces for P. pallida. In addition to hosts the main differences among these species are a stronger (orange) pigmentation of perithecia and subiculum in P. pallida and a violaceous KOH reaction in P. pallida and P. illinoënsis. P. farinosa is known only from Europe with certainty and P. illinoënsis only from the USA, while P. pallida is probably cosmopolitan. Putative synonymy of some similar species is discussed.
Optimum and Suboptimum Combining of Independent Class-A Noise Channels

Optimum and suboptimum combining is investigated for a 2-branch diversity system containing unique Class-A noise in each branch. Expressions for log-likelihood ratio (LLR) reveal that the optimum scheme can be viewed as a linear combiner which is conditioned on the Class-A state. Bit-error rate (BER) performance curves for BPSK demonstrate that use of a saturated Gaussian metric for low-complexity signal combining results in good performance. However, maximal ratio combining (MRC) performs poorly due to mismatch between the MRC LLR and the LLR for optimum schemes.
Contracting out schools at scale: evidence from Pakistan

ABSTRACT Can governments contract out school management at scale? In 2016 the Government of Punjab transferred management of over 4,000 failing primary schools to private operators. Schools remained free to students. Private operators received a government subsidy per enrolled student of less than half per-student spending in government schools. This paper evaluates the effects on performance of converted schools. Comparing early converters to later converters, we estimate that enrolment in treated schools increased by over 60 percent, and test scores declined sharply.
Expression of leaf nitrate reductase genes from tomato and tobacco in relation to light-dark regimes and nitrate supply.

The influence of light-dark cycles and nitrate supply on nitrate reductase (NR) mRNA levels was studied in two plant species, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using specific NR DNA probes. In the same series of experiments, changes in the levels of NR protein (NRP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and changes in the level of NADH-nitrate reductase activity (NRA) were also followed. During a light-dark cycle, it was found that in both tomato and tobacco, NR mRNA accumulation increased rapidly during the dark period and reached a maximum at the beginning of the day, while NRP reached a peak 2 and 4 hours after mRNA peaked, for tomato and tobacco, respectively. At the end of the day, the amount of mRNA was decreased by a factor of at least 100 compared to sunrise in both species. These results demonstrate that light is involved, although probably not directly, in the regulation of the NR gene expression at the mRNA level. The peak of NRA in tobacco coincided with the peak in NR mRNA accumulation (i.e. sunrise), whereas in tomato the peak of NRA was approximately 5 to 6 hours after sunrise. There is no obvious correlation between NRP and NRA levels during the day. In nitrogen starvation experiments, a rapid decrease of NRP and NRA was detected, while NR mRNA levels were not significantly altered. Upon nitrate replenishment, nitrogen-starved plants accumulated NR mRNA rapidly. These results suggest that the availability of nitrogen affects the expression of NR activity at the transcriptional as well as at the post-transcriptional levels.