Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of microbial phytase, citric acid, and their interaction in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for weanling pigs.

Crossbred weanling pigs (an equal number of barrows and gilts) with an average initial weight of 7.4 (Exp. 1) or 9.6 kg (Exp. 2) were used in two 4-wk experiments (Exp. 1, n = 96; Exp. 2, n = 96) to investigate the effects of added phytase or citric acid on performance, rib mineralization, gastric pH, and digestibility measurements. A corn-soybean meal-based diet low in Ca and P was used in both experiments. In Exp. 1, three citric acid levels (0, 1.5, or 3.0%) and four phytase levels (0, 250, 500, or 750 U/kg) were used in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. In Exp. 2, two citric acid levels (0 or 2.0%) and three phytase levels (0, 250, or 500 U/kg) were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Phosphorus was maintained at . 33 and . 34% in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Calcium was maintained at a 2.5:1 ratio with total available P (available P plus the estimated released phytate P by phytase) in Exp. 1 and at a level of . 44% in Exp. 2. In both experiments, BW and feed consumption were measured weekly, and pen fecal samples were collected twice daily for 5 d during wk 4. At the end of wk 4, the barrow in each pen was killed following a fast-refeed-fast (22-1-2 h) regimen for collection of 10th ribs and stomach digesta. In Exp. 1 and 2, phytase addition did not affect (P > .05) performance but linearly increased (P < .05) rib shear force, shear energy, dry bone weight, ash weight, ash percentage, and Ca and P digestibilities. Addition of citric acid in both experiments reduced dietary pH and stomach digesta pH (P < .05). The addition of citric acid improved (P < .05) ADG, feed efficiency, and Ca digestibility in Exp. 1, but it had no effect on performance and Ca digestibility in Exp. 2. In summary, the additions of citric acid and phytase to weanling pig diets were each beneficial, but no synergistic effects were observed.
Practice-Based Teacher Education Coursework: An Examination of the Extent and Characteristics of How Teacher Education Coursework Is Grounded in Practice Across Six Teacher Education Programs in Finland, Norway and California, US.

I discuss the focus on a research-based teacher education in Finland (Jyrhämä et al., 2008; Krokfors et al., 2011; Maaranen, 2010; Westbury, Hansén, Kansanen, & Björkvist, 2005) and Norway (Munthe & Rogne, 2015; Wæge & Haugaløkken, 2013) as a way of grounding teacher education in practice. Research-based in this context might take many forms; for
Internal migration and public opinion about the European Union: a time series cross-sectional study

Although the European Union (EU) allows citizens from member countries to migrate freely within its confines to facilitate integration, it may be alienating public support for Europe. This article investigates this by extending group threat theory to explain how internal migration is related to public opinion about the EU using annual Eurobarometer data from 1998 to 2014 across 15 Western European countries. Employing a pooled time cross-sectional design, I find that the presence of EU citizens from Central and Eastern European member states is positively related to public beliefs that EU membership is not beneficial for their country. The results also show that this relationship is even stronger during an economic downturn. There is weak evidence that it may be related to distrust in European institutions as well. These findings shed light on why public support for the EU can erode over time and how it responds to contextual changes in Europe’s internal migration patterns. The study concludes by discussing how group threat theory is relevant for understanding public opinion about the EU.
Devolution, democracy, and the challenge of diversity : community energy governance in Scotland

For rural communities, energy projects can provide a host of benefits, and yet also be a source of significant conflict. Place attachment has become an increasingly popular concept for understanding local responses to large scale renewable energy installations. However, there has been significantly less attention paid to how place attachment influences local responses to community-led developments. This study contributes to the body of research on place attachment by examining its role in shaping opinions on two locally initiated projects. Interviews were conducted with residents in two rural communities in the Scottish Highlands, where community organisations are developing renewable energy projects. The findings show that place attachment was an important motivator for the development of these projects, but that different types of place attachment also formed a key source of disagreement. Finally, the implications of these findings for rural communities engaging in community-led development initiatives will be discussed.
Incidence of Secondary Intra-articular Injuries With Time to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Precise locations of chondral and meniscal damage with increased time to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have not been well described. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between delay in primary ACLR and incidence of secondary intra-articular injury. The hypothesis was that patients with increased time between initial injury and ACLR will exhibit greater incidence of secondary intra-articular injury when compared with those who receive surgical intervention promptly after injury. A second hypothesis was that patients with higher preinjury activity levels or older age will exhibit greater secondary injury when compared with those with minimal preinjury activity levels and younger age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 1434 patients with an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency who underwent primary ACLR at a single institution between 2009 and 2013. Patients were grouped according to time to surgery after initial injury: 0-3, 4-12, and >12 months. Operative notes were used to analyze 10 variables across time-to-surgery groups: cartilage damage in the patella, trochlea, medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, medial tibial plateau, and lateral tibial plateau; medial and lateral meniscal injury; and the incidence of procedures involving either the meniscus or cartilage. Patient age and preinjury activity level were also analyzed for the 10 variables based on time-to-surgery groups. Results: An association was noted between time to surgery and increased incidence of injury in the trochlea, lateral femoral condyle, medial tibial plateau, and medial meniscus (P < .001). Different significant findings within each age group were observed, but overall positive findings were seen in the same 4 locations described above. On the basis of preinjury activity level, the less active patients were most at risk for medial meniscal and trochlear injury, while the more active patients were most at risk for medial tibial plateau injury with increased time from injury to ACLR. Conclusion: Increasing time from injury to ACLR was associated with increased incidence of secondary injury seen in the trochlea, lateral femoral condyle, medial tibial plateau, and medial meniscus. Separate analyses of patient age and preinjury activity level showed similar findings, thus supporting the primary analysis.
An Analysis of Trade Patterns and the Effects of the Real Exchange Rate Movements in East Asia

ABSTRACT This article investigates the patterns of vertical specialization in trade among China, Japan and Korea, and the effects of real exchange rate fluctuations under a multistage production process. By extending the models of Yi (2003, 2010), we derive two distinct features of vertical specialization and test them using Time-Varying Parameter (TVP) VAR. We find that a positive shock to China’s final good consumption increases the intermediate goods trade between Korea and China, with expanding magnitude over time. In addition, the positive effect of a real exchange rate depreciation on intermediate goods trade is strengthened through the competitiveness-enhancing channel, with this effect being more pronouncing in Korea-China trade than in Korea-Japan trade.
The Actions of Ibutilide and Class Ic Drugs on the Slow Sodium Channel: New Insights Regarding Individual Pharmacologic Effects Elucidated Through Combination Therapies

Background: Ibutilide (I) has been reported to block Ik and to delay inactivation of the slow Na+ current (S-Na). There is debate about the clinical importance of the latter. Class Ic drugs block the fast Na+ channel, but their effect on S-Na is uncertain. If Ic treatment before infusion lessened the QT increase with I, this result would suggest both an Ic effect on S-Na and significant S-Na actions of I. Methods: We infused I, 2 mg over 30 minutes, to 6 patients pretreated with propafenone (n = 5) or flecainide (n = 1) (group 1) and compared their increase with the QT increase seen with I alone in a combined group of 85 patients from our lab and the multicenter I database (group 2). Results: The QTc increased in group 2, 65 ms, from 413 to 478 ms. This effect was attenuated by 47% in group 1 patients to 34 ms (P < .01). There appeared to be a dose-response relationship between Ic dose and its effects on QTc prolongation. The lowest dose of propafe none had minimal effect on the increase in QTc with I (72 ms), while higher doses of propafenone and high doses of flecainide attenuated the increase to 13 to 39 ms. Nonetheless, ibutilide efficacy was not changed, possibly suggesting differing importance of K+ channel and slow sodium-channel effects in atrial versus ventricular tissues, and having implications for means to reduce some antiarrhythmic drug proarrhythmia without reducing efficacy. Conclusions: (1) Pretreatment with Ic agents can reduce the increase in QTc seen with I; (2) I's effect in humans appears to be at least partly mediated through the delay of S-Na inactivation; and (3) Ic agents probably inhibit S-Na.
Prognostic factors of mortality in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis submitted to exploratory laparotomy.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify and assess mortality predictive factors in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring emergency exploratory laparotomy. METHODS A prospective study of 91 newborns with NEC submitted to exploratory laparotomy was conducted. Clinical outcomes were death and survival 60 days after surgery. Nine variables were analyzed: weight at birth, gestational age, intrauterine growth, sex, gas in the portal vein at abdominal x-ray, pneumoperitoneum, extent of the disease, operative strategies, and extension of bowel resection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify mortality predictors. RESULTS Mean weight at birth was 1,676 +/- 634.8 g, and mean gestational age was 34 +/- 2.8 weeks. Thirty-nine newborns (42.9%) presented intrauterine growth retardation. Operative techniques included bowel resection with enterostomy (80 patients), bowel resection with primary anastomosis (10 patients), and decompressive enterostomy (1 patient). Six deaths occurred caused by co-existing disease. NEC-related mortality rate was 46.15% (42 of 91). CONCLUSIONS Two variables, intrauterine growth retardation, and diffuse bowel involvement, were predictive of mortality according to both univariate and multivariate analyses. Site of bowel involvement seems to be important mortality predictors in infants with NEC requiring surgery. The size of our population did not allow statistical analysis of this relationship. Further studies should focus on examining this aspect.
A comprehensive study of corner effects in tri-gate transistors

We have performed extensive 2D and 3D device simulations to assess the impact of gate and drain voltages, channel doping, discrete impurity effects, and the device dimensions on the electron density accumulation in the corner regions of tri-gate transistors. For channel doping concentrations higher than 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/, these 'corner effects' are found to dominate the device behavior. They are most pronounced in the subthreshold regime and significantly reduced in short devices with rounded corners, thin gate oxides, and narrow channels.
Disparities in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Junior High Schools

The government's policy on inclusive education demands that the implementation of inclusive education of each implementing agency should be in accordance with the standards that have become the reference. However, it is undeniable that every institution has different interpretation about implementing an inclusive education policy. This research aims at describing and analyzing the implementation of inclusion education in Junior High School 36 Surabaya with Junior High School 32 Surabaya in order to reveal the disparity. This research used qualitative descriptive method with multi-site research type. The data were collected through interview with the school principals, coordinators and special escort teachers. Furthermore, direct observation during the learning process was also reinforced through documentation. The results of this study indicated that the implementation of inclusive education among institutions was not similar] seen from the learning management, classroom management, and curriculum management. Those results indicated that there were disparities in the implementation of inclusive education between Junior High School 36 and Junior High School 32. Keywords— inclusive education; Disparity; Special need education
Regional variation in the lamina propria T cell receptor V beta repertoire in normal human colon.

Lamina propria (LP) T cell populations in the normal human colon contain oligoclonal expansions, but their distribution has not been well studied. We analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain (V beta) variable region expression in CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood T cells and LP T cells from separated colonic segments in 13 subjects. CD4(+) and CD8(+) V beta subset expansions were found in the LP of most individuals, and remarkable differences in CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCR repertoires were apparent between colon and blood as well as between colon segments within each individual. The presence of such T cell expansions in colon therefore cannot be used to infer immunopathology. In addition, CD8(+) V beta expansions seen in peripheral blood T cells, which have been previously shown to be clonal in origin, were also often expanded in LP T cells of the same subject. These results suggest that LP CD8(+) T cell stimulation may contribute to CD8(+) peripheral blood T cell expansions.
Dominant-negative inhibition of prion replication in transgenic mice

Our discovery of dominant-negative inhibition of prion formation in cultured cells provided an explanation for the resistance of some sheep to scrapie and humans to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. To determine whether dominant-negative inhibition occurs in vivo, we produced transgenic (Tg) mice expressing prion protein (PrP) with either the Q167R or Q218K mutation alone or in combination with wild-type (wt) PrP. Tg(MoPrP,Q167R)Prnp0/0 mice expressing mutant PrP at levels equal to non-Tg mice remained healthy for >550 days, indicating that inoculation with prions did not cause disease. Immunoblots of brain homogenates and histologic analysis did not reveal abnormalities. Tg(MoPrP,Q167R)Prnp+/+ mice expressing both mutant and wt PrP did not exhibit neurologic dysfunction, but their brains revealed low levels of the PrP pathogenic isoform (PrPSc), and sections showed numerous vacuoles and severe astrocytic gliosis at 300 days after inoculation. Both Tg(MoPrP,Q218K)Prnp0/0 and Tg(MoPrP,Q218K)Prnp+/+ mice expressing high levels of the transgene product remained healthy for >300 days after inoculation. Neither PrPSc nor neuropathologic changes were found. Our studies demonstrate that although dominant-negative inhibition of wt PrPSc formation occurs, expression of the dominant-negative PrP at the same level as wt PrP does not prevent prion formation completely. However, expression of dominant-negative PrP alone had no deleterious effects on the mice and did not support prion propagation.
Glycogen storage disease type IIIa in curly-coated retrievers.

BACKGROUND Inborn errors of metabolism impose a significant genetic burden on purebred dogs and cats. The glycogen storage diseases are a category of such disorders that are typed by enzyme analysis, but deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based carrier tests are needed for definitive, noninvasive diagnosis and to prevent at-risk matings. HYPOTHESIS Glycogen storage disease type IIIa (GSD IIIa) is caused by a mutation of the glycogen debranching enzyme gene (AGL) in Curly-Coated Retrievers (CCR). ANIMALS Two CCR exhibiting episodic exercise intolerance, collapse, and lethargy, and related dogs were studied. METHODS Structure and amount of glycogen isolated from tissue biopsy specimens was determined by enzymatic digestion, and activities of enzymes of glycogen metabolism were measured. The 33 AGL coding exons and flanking splice sites of an affected dog were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. RESULTS Debranching enzyme activity was undetectable in liver and skeletal muscle of affected dogs, and accumulated glycogen had absent or short outer chains of alpha1, 4-linked glucose. A single adenosine (A) deletion in AGL exon 32 of affected dog genomic DNA predicted a frame-shift and truncation of the protein product by 126 amino acid residues. The mutation was homozygous in affected dogs and heterozygous in both parents. In addition, the deletion mutation was heterozygous in 16 or not detected at all in 31 related but clinically normal CCR. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE GSD IIIa in CCR is an autosomal recessive trait caused by mutation of AGL. A DNA sequence-based carrier test was developed, and carriers were identified in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, and Finland.
Symboldrama, a Psychotherapeutic Method for Adolescents with Dissociative and PTSD Symptoms: A Pilot Study

A total of 15 clinically referred adolescents who had been sexually or physically abused participated in this pilot study of the use of symboldrama psychotherapy. Symboldrama is a psychotherapeutic method that uses imagery as the major psychotherapeutic tool. All adolescents reported to be suffering from a high level of dissociative symptoms and other symptoms such as anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and anger after their traumas. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that symboldrama psychotherapy in addition to psycho-education of the non-offending parent would significantly reduce the reported symptoms. Before treatment, the participants answered three questionnaires: (a) the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events Scale, (b) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, and (c) the Dissociation Questionnaire–Swedish version. After treatment, the participants once again filled out the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children and the Dissociation Questionnaire–Swedish version. The scores from before and after treatment were compared, and the results showed that the symptoms had been statistically significantly reduced.
Understanding the nexus between energy and water: A basis for human survival in South Africa

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that the South African economy is highly diversified, the sustainability of its economic growth depends on the availability of two critical resources: water and energy. The national energy grid is mostly based on coal combustion, with very few viable alternative resources. Large amounts of water are needed to produce energy from coal and, in most places where coal reserves are located, there is evidence of water scarcity. The sustainable management of both sectors is essential, since research has shown that access to potable water and energy will lead to a better quality of life for people and help alleviate poverty. This paper will focus on the interlinkages and understanding of the trade-offs between water and energy and its implications for sustainable development in South Africa. The simultaneous implementation of selected Sustainable Development Goals targets could help reduce the trade-off between the two sectors.
Localization of proteins bound to a replication origin of human DNA along the cell cycle

The proteins bound in vivo at the human lamin B2 DNA replication origin and their precise sites of binding were investigated along the cell cycle utilizing two novel procedures based on immunoprecipitation following UV irradiation with a pulsed laser light source. In G1, the pre‐replicative complex contains CDC6, MCM3, ORC1 and ORC2 proteins; of these, the post‐replicative complex in S phase contains only ORC2; in M phase none of them are bound. The precise nucleotide of binding was identified for the two ORC and the CDC6 proteins near the start sites for leading‐strand synthesis; the transition from the pre‐ to the post‐replicative complex is accompanied by a 17 bp displacement of the ORC2 protein towards the start site.
Effect of mucin production on survival in colorectal cancer: a case-control study.

AIM To investigate the impact of mucin production on prognosis in colorectal cancer, in terms of overall survival (OS) and time to disease progression (TTP) in patients with mucinous compared to those with non-mucinous colorectal cancer (NMCRC), matched for age, gender, and tumor stage. METHODS Thirty five patients with mucinous colorectal cancer (MCRC) were matched for age, gender, and tumor stage with 35 controls having NMCRC. OS and TTP were compared among 4 groups divided according to mucin content: group A (50%-75% mucin), group B (75%-100% mucin), group C or controls (<50% mucin). Group D consisted of all patients with tumors having <75% mucin (controls and groups A together). RESULTS Median survival in MCRC and NMCRC groups was 46.2 and 112.9 mo, respectively (P=0.26). OS in groups A and B was 70.1 and 32.8 mo (P=0.46), and in groups B and D was 32.8 and 70.1 mo, respectively (P=0.143). TTP in MCRC and NMCRC was 50.17 and 44.77 mo, respectively (P=0.795). TTP in groups A, B, and D was 70.1, 24.8, and 65.5 mo, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of patients with MCRC had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma versus 8.6% in NMCRC patients (P=0.028). CONCLUSION MCRC is associated with a non-significant decrease in median survival and TTP, particularly when mucin content is >75% of tumor volume. However, it tends to be more poorly differentiated. A larger study matching for stage and grade is needed.
Effects of drugs interfering with sodium channels and calcium channels on the release of endogenous dopamine from superfused substantia nigra slices

The importance of voltage‐dependent sodium channels and different types of voltage‐sensitive calcium channels for depolarisation‐induced release of endogenous dopamine from dendrites and cell bodies in superfused guinea pig substantia nigra slices was investigated. The stimulatory effect of veratridine (10 μM) on dopamine release was only marginally attenuated in Ca2+‐free medium but was completely blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 μM) and by the dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (10 μM). Low extracellular concentration of Na+ stimulated the dopamine release. Potassium‐evoked dopamine release was completely Ca2+‐dependent, not blocked by GBR 12909 and partially blocked by tetrodotoxin. Nifedipine (20 μM), ω‐conotoxin GVIA (0.5 μM), penfluridol (5 μM), and Ni2+ (20 μM) had no effect, amiloride (1 mM) attenuated and neomycin (350 μM), and ω‐agatoxin IVA (1 μM) almost totally blocked the potassium‐induced dopamine release.