Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active faulting, 3-D basin architecture and Plio-Quaternary structural evolution of extensional basins: a 4-D perspective on the central Apennine chain evolution, Italy

GENERAL COMMENTS The authors present new field geological and geophysical evidence of the role played by a chain-crossing fault in the development of one of the Quaternary extensional intermontane basins of central Apennine. In particular, detailed outcrop and borehole stratigraphic data coupled with ambient seismic noise measurements are collected to reconstruct the 3-D basin architecture and to compare
Evaluation of the validity of risk malignancy index in clinically diagnosed ovarian masses and to compare it with the validity of individual constituent parameter of risk malignancy index

Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background: Pre-operative knowledge regarding the nature of ovarian mass is necessary in order to plan surgery. Risk malignancy index (RMI) is a simple scoring system based on three factors serum CA 125, USG score & menopausal status. The RMI was interpreted as 1) score > 250 = high risk, 2) 25-250 =intermediate risk, 3) score <25 = low risk. The objective of the study was, 1) to evaluate risk malignancy index (RMI) in pre-operatively clinically diagnosed ovarian mass, 2) to compare the validity of individual parameter in RMI i.e. menopausal status, serum CA 125 & USG score with validity of RMI as a comprehensive index . Methods: This was an observational study conducted at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, GMCH Aurangabad from October 2012 to 2014 with sample size of 102 cases with clinical diagnosis of ovarian mass admitted for laparotomy. The validity of RMI and validity of individual parameter was calculated and compared. Results: RMI showed better sensitivity of 85.71%, specificity of 85.07% and ppv of 75%, npv of 91.93% and accuracy of 82.29% as compared to validity of individual parameters. Conclusions: RMI is simple, valuable & highly reliable in pre-operative differentiation of malignant & benign lesion. Simplicity and applicability of this method in the primary evaluation of patients with pelvic masses makes it a good option in daily clinical gynaecological practice.
Fair Value and Audit Fees 1 Introduction

This paper investigates the effect of fair value reporting and its attributes on audit fees. We use as our primary sample the European real estate industry around mandatory IFRS adoption (under which reporting of property fair values becomes compulsory), due to its unique operating and reporting characteristics. We document lower audit fees for firms reporting property assets at fair value relative to those employing depreciated cost―a difference that appears driven (in part) by impairment tests that occur only under depreciated cost. We further find that audit fees are decreasing in firm’s exposure to fair value, and increasing both in the complexity of the fair value estimation and for recognition (versus only disclosure) of fair values. We corroborate our findings in two alternative settings: contrasting UK and US real estate firms; and using UK investment trusts. Overall, these results complement prior research documenting that fair values can reduce information asymmetries by suggesting they can also lead to lower monitoring costs. However, any reductions in audit fees will vary with salient characteristics of the fair value reporting, including the difficulty to measure and the treatment within the financial statements. Key Terms: fair value, audit fees, audit pricing, real estate industry, IFRS * Corresponding author: Boston University 595 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 Phone: 1.617. 353.2317 Email: eriedl@bu.edu Acknowledgements: We appreciate helpful comments from Jannis Bischof, Jere Francis, Martin Glaum, Paul Michas, Frank Moers, Brian Mayhew, George Serafeim, Suraj Srinivasan, Ann Vanstraelen, and workshop participants at HEC Paris, University of Essen, University of Frankfurt, University of Giessen, University of Innsbruck, University of Maastricht, University of Mannheim, University of Missouri, WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, the 2011 EAA Annual Congress, and the 2011 AAA Annual Meeting. We also appreciate the insights from audit partners participating in interviews.
Brewer’s spent grain as a functional ingredient for breadsticks

Summary Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was evaluated for its potential as a functional baking ingredient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of BSG and wheat flours. Baked snacks (breadsticks) were prepared using 15%, 25% and 35% BSG and evaluated for their baking quality and fibre and protein content (over a period of 3 months). The addition of BSG altered the baking characteristics of the breadsticks by affecting their structure and texture. The snacks appeared to lack in cellular structure and crispiness. However, they had quite a stable shelf-life, as changes in texture, moisture and aw progressed at a low rate. Addition of 25% and 35% BSG significantly increased the protein content of the snacks, and addition of 15% BSG more than doubled the content of dietary fibre in the samples.
An equatorial Laurentia at 550 Ma confirmed by Grenvillian inherited zircons dated by LAM ICP-MS in the Skinner Cove volcanics of western Newfoundland : implications for inertial interchange true polar wander

Volcanics of the Skinner Cove Formation of western Newfoundland carry a primary remanence acquired at 550 Ma at a paleolatitude of 19 ◦S. There has been doubt that this represents the latitude of the Laurentian margin at 550 Ma, because the Skinner Cove Formation is allochthonous. We present new evidence from inherited zircons in the volcanics that should remove this doubt. Zircon crystals extracted from an ankaramite flow and a trachyte flow were dated individually by measuring U–Th–Pb isotopes for∼30 m × 30 m areas using a laser ablation microprobe (LAM) linked to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Most of the zircons from the ankaramite are concordant and yield a 550 ± 5 Ma date indistinguishable from the 550+ 3/−2 Ma date previously reported using multi-grain thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. About half of the zircons from the trachyte are also concordant yielding an overlapping date of 556 ± Ma. The other half clustered at ∼1000 and 1500–1600 Ma, which are characteristic ages of the Grenvillian basement exposed nearby in the Long Range Inlier. These zircon xenocrysts were very likely picked up as the Skinner Cove magma ascended through Grenvillian basement of the Laurentian margin. There can now be little doubt that the ∼19◦S Skinner Cove paleolatitude represents Laurentia’s southern margin at 550 Ma. This makes it unlikely that Laurentia changed from south polar at ∼523 Ma to equatorial at ∼508 Ma due to a rapid ∼90◦ change in the Earth’s rotation axis. Such an inertial interchange true polar wander (IITPW) event has been proposed as a trigger for the Cambrian faunal explosion. An IITPW event may have occurred in the Vendian, mostly between 577 and 565 Ma, judging by paleomagnetic results from Laurentia. However, it is more likely that the paleomagnetic results suggesting high latitude for Laurentia at 577 Ma or low latitude at 565 Ma are flawed. We suggest that Laurentia remained at low latitude throughout the Vendian (from the∼600 Ma start of near-equatorial glaciations). This is supported by magmatic evidence suggesting that Laurentia’s incipient Iapetus margin was stationary over a mantle plume throughout the Vendian. Laurentia at low latitude throughout the Vendian also helps provide the predominance of low latitude continents needed to account for the Vendian’s near-equatorial glaciations, according to the snowball Earth hypothesis. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Impact of Gestational Age at Delivery on Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring During the Second Stage of Labor

Objective: To clarify whether gestational age at delivery affects the interpretation level of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings in the second stage of labor in primiparous and singleton pregnancies. Methods: The database at one tertiary hospital in Japan was retrospectively reviewed for women with singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation and vaginal labor at � 37+0 gestational weeks between June 1, 2011, and March 31, 2013. Continuous FHR tracings in the second stage of labor were subdivided into 10-minute intervals, each of which we called a window, from the beginning through delivery, and were assessed according to the five-tier classification proposed by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in which level 1 is normal, level 2 is subnormal, and levels 3-5 are abnormal patterns. Subjects were divided into two groups, including early term (37 0/7 to 38 6/7 weeks) and full term (39 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks), according to the delivery age. Results: In total, 914 parturient women were eligible for the study protocol, including 228 and 686 women in early and full term, respectively. Vacuum extraction was more often observed in full term than in early term (P=0.007). Although the maximal level, number of level-5 windows, number of level-4 windows, and number of level-3 and level-4 windows were similar between the groups, the summation of level-4 windows � 3 was significantly higher in full term than in early term (P=0.004). Conclusion: Full term delivery has a higher risk than does early term delivery from the standpoint of FHR monitoring.
Why Are Crisis-Induced Devaluations Contractionary? Exploring Alternative Hypotheses

Why are some currency crises followed by economic contractions while others are not? This paper is an attempt at answering this query. In particular, we investigate two closely related questions. First, we explore whether there is a difference in the output effects of a devaluation during “normal” periods versus crises ones; after all, during non-crisis periods, real exchange devaluation is seen as an important policy option for promoting exports and output growth. Yet, the literature has not made a distinction between crisis and non-crisis periods. To preview the main conclusion, we find that the contractionary effects tend to exist only during the crisis period. Building on this, we go on to explore the factors that cause a crisis-induced devaluation to be contractionary.
Sentiment Indices on Financial Markets: What Do they Measure?

Sentiment indices based on investor sentiment surveys attempt to measure the stock market sentiment. The literature on these indices focusses mainly on whether investor sentiment influences the financial markets or not. But the term 'sentiment' has never been defined in the literature. Therefore it is unclear what is measured by sentiment indices, whether it is really sentiment or something different. This paper closes this gap in the literature by using psychological definitions about feelings to explain what might be meant by 'market sentiment'. It shows how useful these definitions are with data from the German sentiment index 'Sentix'. The paper contributes to the current discussion in three ways: 1. It presents a simple concept of sentiments in general. 2. It relates short and long term sentiment indices to two distinct parts of sentiments, emotion and mood. 3. It extracts two factors representing investor emotion and mood across all markets in the dataset. These results are stable across markets and model specifications in the Sentix dataset.
Growing-Season Disturbance in Tallgrass Prairie: Evaluating Fire and Grazing on Schizachyrium scoparium

Abstract Historically, fire occurred throughout the year in the Great Plains, but current fire prescriptions are generally limited to the dormant season because of concerns for potential damage to fire-sensitive herbaceous plant species deemed economically and ecologically important. We coupled a field-based study and a controlled greenhouse study to quantify the effects of fire season and herbivory on plant species composition, along with survival and productivity of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash). We investigated the effects of both dormant and growing-season fire interacting spatially with grazing on plant community composition in a 10-yr field study. We also examined the influence of both growing-season fire and clipping on survival and aboveground and belowground production of potted little bluestem plants at multiple ages in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown to 6 wk, 10 wk, or 18 wk, then either burned or clipped, followed by as many as two successive clipping events. Plant community composition and canopy cover of little bluestem were unaffected by season-of-burning in the field study. Survival of individual little bluestem seedlings in the greenhouse study was dependent primarily on plant age, with nearly 100% survival among all burning and clipping treatments at 18 wk old. Burning or clipping once did not decrease survival compared to seedlings that were not burned or not clipped, and burning followed by clipping did not decrease survival over multiple clipping events among 6-wk-, 10-wk-, or 18-wk-old plants. Both aboveground regrowth and belowground biomass increased with burning, but clipping reduced regrowth. Based on both field and greenhouse experiments, we conclude that little bluestem is well adapted to growing-season disturbance. Moreover, little bluestem responds more positively to growing-season fire than to clipping. Our results provide no evidence that little bluestem should be deferred from grazing after burning as part of a rangeland management strategy.
Generation of a Murine Model for Renal Cell Carcinoma by Overexpression of HIF2α

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common urogenital tumor, accounting for 3% of all adult malignancies, and is characterized by an increase in expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). During normoxia, the HIFα subunits are recognized by the product of the von Hippel Lindau gene, pVHL, and targeted for proteasomal degradation. In RCC, mutations in the VHL gene allow the HIFα subunits to escape degradation and translocate to the nucleus where they activate transcription of their target genes. Over 60 HIF target genes have been identified, which are involved in the regulation of processes such as angiogenesis, erythropoeisis, glycolysis, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Although both HIF1α and HIF2α are upregulated in RCC, it has been suggested that HIF2α plays the more critical role. To further elucidate the role of HIF2α in RCC, we have generated an inducible transgenic mouse model that permits temporal stabilization of a transcriptionally active form of HIF2α in renal tubular epithelial cells. Induction of HIF2α results in the rapid development of renal cysts that have lost markers of tubular epithelial differentiation, which is noted in the early stages of RCC. Taken together, these results suggest that HIF2α is a key player in development of RCC and an excellent candidate target for therapy of this disorder.
Infrastructure Development for ASEAN Economic Integration

With a population of 600 million, ASEAN is considered to be one of the most diverse regions in the world. It is also one of the world’s fastest growing regions. ASEAN’s aim is to evolve into an integrated economic community by 2015. Crucial to achieving this ambitious target is cooperation in infrastructure development for physical connectivity, particularly in crossborder infrastructure. This paper provides an overview of the quantity and quality of existing infrastructure in ASEAN member countries, as well as ASEAN initiatives in cross-border infrastructure development in the energy, transportation and communication sectors. It examines the role of, and need for, infrastructure development towards an integrated ASEAN, and discusses associated issues and challenges. This paper also provides estimates of ASEAN infrastructure financing requirements up to 2015, and identifies ways to meet this demand, especially in view of the current global economic crisis. The paper concludes with a discussion on the need to enhance ASEAN infrastructure cooperation towards achieving the ultimate vision of Asia-wide connectivity and integration. JEL Classification: F1, F4, R11, R50 ADBI Working Paper 138 Bhattacharyay
Differentiation of Blastema Cells in Decellularized Bladder Scaffold in vitro

Background:: Biological scaffolds that compose extracellular matrix (ECM) can facilitate the restructuring of a large number of pre-clinical studies in animal tissues and also in clinical applications. As we know interaction between cells and ECM provides suitable three-dimensional structures. Objectives:: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of induced matrix of New Zealand rabbit bladder on the blastema cells in vitro. Materials and Methods:: In this experimental study, first of all, in order to decellularize, it is necessary to put bladder of New Zealand rabbit in 1% weight/vol solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 hours. Then, to prepare blastema tissue, the pinna of New Zealand rabbit should be punched-hole manually with a special puncher, and after 72 hours a circular blastema is separated with another puncher. After that, the decellularized samples are put in the middle of the blastema ring and transferred to the culture. Then to test, we first use Hematoxylin & Eosin and pick indigo staining. To identify 1 micron samples Toluidine Blue staining is used. After preparing 7 nm sections, some samples are studied by transitional electron microscope on day 15 and 20. Results:: Collagen fibers are preserved after decellularizing in matrix of bladder. Most migration of blastema cells occur on days 15 and 20 of culture. Blastema cells are differentiated in different types of cells. Toluidine Blue staining shows desmosome connections between epithelial cells. Glycoproteins that are secreted by the epithelial cells can be indicated in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conclusions:: Bladder scaffold has the ability to induce blastema cells as they differentiate and migrate. This finding is very important since no other growth factor and inducer component has been used.
Quantum Capacitance of Graphene Sheets and Nanoribbons

In this chapter, semi-analytical models for the calculation of the quantum capacitance of both monolayer and bilayer graphene and its nanoribbons, are presented. Since electron-hole puddles are experimental facts in all graphene samples, they have been incorporated in our calculations. The temperature dependence of the quantum capacitance around the charge neutrality point is also investigated and the obtained results are in agreement with many features recently observed in quantum capacitance measurements on both monolayer and bilayer graphene devices. Furtheremore, the impact of finite-size and edge effects on the quantum capacitance of graphene nanoribbons is studied taking into account both the edge bond relaxation and third-nearest-neighbour interaction in the band structure of GNRs.
Modeling and simulation of economic processes

In general, any activity requires a longer action often characterized by a degree of uncertainty, insecurity, in terms of size of the objective pursued. Because of the complexity of real economic systems, the stochastic dependencies between different variables and parameters considered, not all systems can be adequately represented by a model that can be solved by analytical methods and covering all issues for management decision analysis-economic horizon real. Often in such cases, it is considered that the simulation technique is the only alternative available. Using simulation techniques to study real-world systems often requires a laborious work. Making a simulation experiment is a process that takes place in several stages.
Planted Picea mariana growth and nutrition as influenced by silviculture x nursery interactions on an ericaceous-dominated site

Summary of ANOVA results and treatment means with (SE) or [95% CI] for the scarification effect on selected soil variables measure for the upper mineral horizon (0–10 cm) 8 growing seasons after plantation ndf P Single-pass scarification (S1) Double-pass scarification (S2) SE C a) (g/kg) 1 0.119 21.0 [16.7; 26.3] 26.5 [21.2; 32.8] -C/N a) 1 0.517 25.4 [23.7; 27.2] 26.2 [24.4; 28.0] -Organic matter (g/kg) 1 0.409 46.8 52.1 4.4pH 1 0.032 4.74 4.88 0.04NH 4 concentration (mg/kg) 1 0.112 3.3 3.7 0.2P concentration (mg/kg) 1 0.990 14.4 14.5 2.3K a) concentration (mg/kg) 1 0.475 17.4 [14.7; 20.4] 18.7 [15.9; 21.9] -Ca a) concentration (mg/kg) 1 0.476 29.8 [21.4; 40.9] 33.7 [24.3; 45.9] -Mga) concentration (mg/kg) 1 0.562 4.5 [2.9; 6.5] 4.0 [2.4; 5.8] Bold indicates significant effects (α= 0.05). a) Analyses performed on ln-transformed data. We present back-transformed means and 95% CI with bias correction (Ung and Vegiard 1988). Fig. 3. Scarification × fertilization effects on ericaceous cover 8 growing seasons following plantation. Refer to Fig. 1 for treatment abbreviations.
On threats and violence for staff and patient accessible electronic health records

Abstract Does patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHR) result in increased risk of threats and violence? This study was conducted one year after launching PAEHR in Uppsala to examine whether staff whose patients had gained access to the patient portal perceived greater risks of threats and violence, and were exposed to more threats and violence, than those whose patients had not yet gained access. A total of 174 (35%) professionals responded to a web survey. 83 were from the emergency department, whose patients had online electronic health record access, and 91 were from the psychiatric department, whose patients had not. 40% of all participating professionals believed that risks of threats and violence increase after launch. The results did not support a correlation with more incidents of threats and violence, and only one respondent reported that patient access had played any significant negative role in relation to an incident.
Zinc and childhood infections: From the laboratory to new treatment recommendations

Zinc is an essential nutrient particularly important for growing children and for those who experience frequent infections. Many children in developing countries have inadequate zinc nutrition that impairs their immune system. Diarrhea and pneumonia are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children of low-income countries. Zinc deficiency increases the susceptibility to these infections and administration of zinc to children with diarrhea and, possibly, pneumonia speeds up recovery. Furthermore, zinc given to otherwise healthy children also reduces the incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia. Thus, thousands of lives can be saved every year by giving zinc to prevent childhood infections or by providing zinc to children with ongoing infections. This paper gives a brief outline of the history of zinc research and reviews existing evidence from clinical trials on the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of oral zinc on childhood pneumonia and diarrhea