Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Four Classifications of Calcaneal Fractures

Background: The purpose of this study was to assist surgeons treating calcaneal fractures in choosing the most predictive fracture classification and clinical outcome tool. Materials and Methods: For 152 patients (189 calcaneal fractures; average followup, 9.9 years), all fractures were classified in accordance with the Essex-Lopresti, OTA, Regazzoni, and Sanders classifications and matched with the following scores: AOFAS score, CNHF, FOA, MFS, Rowe, MFA, SF-36, and VAS. Results: The Essex-Lopresti classification showed no statistically significant relation with any of the clinical scores (p <0.05). The OTA classification related statistically significant with the MFS (p = 0.006), AOFAS score (p = 0.013), FOA (p = 0.019), Rowe (p = 0.0027), and MFA score (p = 0.03). The Regazzoni classification correlated with the AOFAS score (p = 0.003), MFS (p = 0.002), Rowe (p = 0.002), CNHF (p = 0.0001), FOA (p = 0.003), MFA score (p = 0.002), and VAS (p = 0.005). The Sanders classification corrrelated with the AOFAS score (p = 0.007), MFS (p = 0.001), Rowe (p = 0.001), CNHF (p = 0.024), FOA (p = 0.021), MFA score (p = 0.036), and VAS (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Compared to radiological based classifications, the CT based classifications, especially the Regazzoni and Sanders classifications, exhibited higher prognostic value compared to ultimate outcome scores. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Money Market Mutual Funds, Risk, and Financial Stability in the Wake of the 2010 Reforms

Following comprehensive reforms to their regulatory structure in 2010, money market funds were hit in the summer of 2011 by two financial market shocks: the standoff over the U.S. federal debt ceiling and deteriorating conditions in eurozone debt markets. Anticipating that concerns about the debt ceiling impasse might lead investors to redeem shares, both government and prime funds shortened their maturities in the weeks leading up to a key August 2011 deadline. Funds also maintained levels of liquidity well above new liquidity requirements. Money market funds gradually reduced their holdings to banks most exposed to the unfolding debt crisis in Europe. Prime money market fund holdings of banks in the eurozone fell from 30 percent of their assets in May 2011 to 11 percent by December 2011. Prime funds also reduced their exposures to other European banks that, although outside of the eurozone itself, were exposed to eurozone banks. Bolstered by the 2010 reforms, money market funds easily met the heightened 2011 redemptions triggered by market difficulties. Prime money market funds had plentiful liquidity to meet redemptions in the summer of 2011. As of May 31, 2011, prime money market funds held an estimated $626 billion in weekly liquid assets, well in excess of the outflows they experienced over the next several months. Evidence from 2011 shows that prime money market funds took only marginally more credit risk than did Treasury-only money market funds. Analysis of credit default swap spreads (when calibrated to the securities money market funds held) shows that the credit risk in prime money market fund portfolios remained minimal throughout 2011 despite small increases as the eurozone crisis progressed in the second half of 2011.
Management of neck metastases in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines

Abstract This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. A rational plan to manage the neck is necessary for all head and neck primaries. With the emergence of new level 1 evidence across several domains of neck metastases, this guideline will identify the evidence-based recommendations for management. Recommendations • Computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory for staging neck disease, with choice of modality dependant on imaging modality used for the primary site, local availability and expertise. (R) • Patients with a clinically N0 neck, with more than 15–20 per cent risk of occult nodal metastases, should be offered prophylactic treatment of the neck. (R) • The treatment choice of for the N0 and N+ neck should be guided by the treatment to the primary site. (G) • If observation is planned for the N0 neck, this should be supplemented by regular ultrasonograms to ensure early detection. (R) • All patients with T1 and T2 oral cavity cancer and N0 neck should receive prophylactic neck treatment. (R) • Selective neck dissection (SND) is as effective as modified radical neck dissection for controlling regional disease in N0 necks for all primary sites. (R) • SND alone is adequate treatment for pN1 neck disease without adverse histological features. (R) • Post-operative radiation for adverse histologic features following SND confers control rates comparable with more extensive procedures. (R) • Adjuvant radiation following surgery for patients with adverse histological features improves regional control rates. (R) • Post-operative chemoradiation improves regional control in patients with extracapsular spread and/or microscopically involved surgical margins. (R) • Following chemoradiation therapy, complete responders who do not show evidence of active disease on co-registered positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) scans performed at 10–12 weeks, do not need salvage neck dissection. (R) • Salvage surgery should be considered for those with incomplete or equivocal response of nodal disease on PET–CT. (R)
An Investigation of the Association between Corporate Governance and Environmental Reporting in Malaysia

Environmental problems have become major headlines due to the negative effects they bring to the stability of the ecosystem. Thus, the increased awareness of social responsibility or, specifically, environmental concern is now a challenge facing the corporate world. This study tests whether the independence of Boards of Directors, CEO duality, management ownership and board size have any association with the companies’ decision to disclose environmental information in annual reports. The data is based on a content analysis of the annual reports of 243 companies listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia for the year 2005. The findings reveal that only board size has a significant relationship with environmental reporting.
The four Cs of customer loyalty

Purpose – To propose a categorisation of customer loyalty types to further increase our understanding of the nature of loyalty.Design/methodology/approach – By segmenting customers who are both loyal in attitude and behaviour to a brand, a model is proposed that differentiates between customers whose loyalty is inertial, and those whose loyalty is positive.Findings – Four categories of loyal customer are proposed: captive, convenience‐seekers, contented and committed. The behaviours and attitudes that can be expected of customers in these different categories are discussed. It is also suggested that customers in different categories will respond in different ways to triggers to switching. Further research that investigates customers' reasons for loyalty behaviour in relation to a portfolio of brands is recommended to validate the model and to enhance understanding and predictability of customer loyalty propensities.Originality/value – There is agreement that loyals are important for the future of the busi.
Capital Budgeting Practices: The Case of Qatar

The purpose of this project was to investigate the capital budgeting practice in the largest firms in Qatar. A survey was conducted of the 170 largest firms and corporations. A total of 55 completed surveys were received, for a response rate of 34 percent. The results showed that Qatari companies in general tend to adopt the discounted cash flow methods, with Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) being the most widely used methods. Capital asset Pricing Model (CAPM) including some extra “risk factors” was used to estimate the cost of capital in more than half of the companies. Companies tend to use the cost of debt plus some premium as the discount rate, and they frequently reviewed and adjusted that rate, mainly as to the expected changes in the project’s risk. The terminal value was commonly estimated using the present value of future cash flow in perpetuity and multiples of terminal earnings.
Psychological morbidity and quality of life in Australian women with early‐stage breast cancer: a cross‐sectional survey

TheVisualImpairment Projectwas funded in part by grantsfrom the Victorian HealthPromotionFoundation, the NationalHealth and MedicalResearch Council,theAnsellOphthalmologyFoun· dation, the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, and the Dorothy Edols Estate. SupportfromBayerAustralia, the Rotary Clubof Brightand the APEX Club of Bright is also gratefullyacknowledged. would be classified as having undiagnosed diabetes (two unknown cases for every known case). If the Bayer Diagnostics recommended cutoff (> 6.2%) were used, 70 people would be defined as having diabetes (one unknown case for each diagnosed case). If a very conservative HbA l c cutoff of two standard deviations from the mean (> 6.5%) were applied, 27 people would be classified with undiagnosed diabetes (one undiagnosed case for every two diagnosed cases). Of the 70 people with no history of diabetes who had HbAl c levels greater than 6.2%,25 (35.7%) were confirmed by their GP as having diabetes, 23 (32.9%) were told that they did not have diabetes, 20 (28 .6%) had not seen their GP and two (2.9%) could not be traced. The mean HbAl C at our examination was not significantly different (P=0.16) between these groups: 7.2% (SD, 1.0%) for people with confirmed diabetes, 6.9 % (SD, 1.1%) for people told that they did not have diabetes, and 6.7% (SD, 0.5%) in people without further follow-up. Based on these results, we propose that HbA l c could be a useful tool for diabetes screening in the population. James Kolllas,' Ian NOlvert • Senior Consulting Surgeon: t Clinical Director, Royal Adelaide Hosp~al Cancer Centre, North Terrace, Adelaide , SA 5000
Forecasting Stock Performance in Indian Market using Multinomial Logistic Regression

The objective of this paper is to predict the outperforming stock with the help of Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR). This paper uses financial ratios as usable selection criteria for determining performance in the stock market i.e. into three categories GOOD, AVERAGE and POOR based on the stock return and variance comparing with market return and variance. The sample of the study consists of 30 large market capitalization companies’ ratio of four years, which are actively traded in the Indian Stock Market. Using various financial ratios as the independent variables, this study investigates and determines the financial indicators that significantly affect the share performance by ð using ð Multi ð Logistic ð Regression ð Method. ð A Multi Logistic Regression was constructed with seven financial ratios i.e., Book Value (BV) , PBIDT/Sales(PBIDTS) and Earnings per Share(EPS), Percentage change in operating profit(OP), Percentage change in net sales(NS),Price to Cash earnings per share(PECEPS), Price to book value(PEBV). The classification results showed high predictive accuracy rates of 56.8%. The model developed here can enhance an investor's stock price forecasting ability. The macro-ecomonic variable which also can influence the share price has not taken into account. The paper dicusses the practical implications , how Multinomial Logistic regression method can be used for prediction of the probability of good stock performance . The model can be used by investors, fund manager and investment companies to enhance their abilty to pick outperforming stock. This paper adds value to equity investor, fund manager, investment companies . So far in India no attempt has been made to use Multi logistic regression to predict stock performance with the help of financial ratios.This paper examines , how it can be used for prediction of stock market return in the Indian market.
New Product Adoption and Diffusion

This paper summarizes what we have learned from research on the diffusion of innovations that contributes to understanding new product adoption, discusses how the background of diffusion research affected its contributions and shortcomings, and indicates future research priorities. Diffusion research has played an important role in helping put social structure back in the communication process. Network analysis and field experiments are promising tools in diffusion studies. The diffusion model has aided our understandings of the consumption of new products.
Overcoming the Early Entrant Advantage: The Role of Alignable and Nonalignable Differences

Prior research has focused on early entrant advantage rather than on theories that explain and predict how late entrants can surpass the early entrant's performance. In this research, the authors propose that learning about new brands is influenced by the way the attributes of later entrants compare with attributes of the first. In three experiments, the authors show that attributes that differentiate later entrants from the first entrant are better remembered and listed more often in judgment formation protocols if the attributes are comparable along some common aspect (i.e., they are alignable differences) than if they do not correspond to any attributes of the first entrant (i.e., they are nonalignable differences). The impact of greater memorability of alignable over nonalignable differences is that later entrants whose attributes are superior to those of the first entrant can come to be preferred over the first entrant when the attributes are alignable differences but not when they are nonalignable differences. These findings have important implications for product entry, differentiation, and positioning strategies.
Effective and sustainable computing summer camps

universities. But, it is not enough to offer computing summer camps and hope that students like them. The camps should be effective by some measure, such as broadening participation by underrepresented groups and/or increasing learning. Summer camps should also be financially sustainable, so that institutions can continue to offer them regularly. The summer camps at Georgia Tech have become effective and financially sustainable. This paper presents the rationale for our camps, the evaluation results that demonstrate positive attitude changes and increases in learning, and the business model that makes them financially sustainable. It also reports on the evaluation results from seven other colleges and universities in Georgia that offered computing summer camps during the summer of 2011 with assistance from Georgia Tech.
Customer Participation and Project Performance: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing in the Chinese Telecommunication Service Industry

Purpose: Extant literature has devoted more attention to customer value co-creation and knowledge sharing, not only in business-to-customer (B2C) markets, but also in business-to-business (B2B) markets. This study explores and examines the antecedents and consequences of customer knowledge sharing in the context of B2B markets by applying the motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) framework. Methodology/Approach: This empirical study involves two structured surveys of project managers from both suppliers (n = 213) and customers (n = 312), which were conducted in the context of the Chinese telecommunication service industry. The conceptual model of this study was subsequently tested by developing Partial Least Squares (PLS) based structural equation models. Findings: It was found that customer knowledge sharing is facilitated by four MOA factors: customer orientation, customer perceived benefits, customer socialization, and customer technological capability. It was determined that knowledge sharing has a direct and significant effect on project performance. Furthermore, the study revealed that such relationships vary across suppliers and customers. Research Implications: This study extends the existing research stream of interfirm knowledge sharing by examining the antecedents and consequences of customer knowledge sharing from dual perspectives of customers and suppliers, and sheds light on the benefits of customer knowledge sharing. The dyadic perspective embodied in this design facilitates our understanding and management of knowledge sharing between organizations. Originality/Value/Contribution: This article provides an important contribution to the existing literature of customer knowledge sharing by revealing how to effectively facilitate interorganizational knowledge sharing, particularly knowledge from customers to suppliers, and discovers conditions under which customers are more likely to exchange information, and share knowledge with their suppliers from the dyadic perspective.
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION: A SIGNALING MODEL

This paper analyzes the choice of signaling mechanisms by firms in a loan arrangement with banks. In a world of asymmetric information, firms have several debt instruments and hence can use them simultaneously to self-select. It is shown that different separating equilibria may result for self-selection. If separation occurs, low-quality firms will always borrow long-term debt without collateral, while high-quality firms will borrow long-term debt with collateral or borrow short-term debt with or without collateral. The optimal loan policy depends on the relative signaling costs of the different signaling mechanisms. Separation will be more likely if the proportion of low-quality firms in the market is higher. JEL Classification Number: D82, G21, G32
The impact of salesperson customer orientation on sales performance via mediating mechanism

Purpose – This study aims to address the need to study salesperson’s customer orientation and its effectiveness to explain the efficacy of predispositions and skills at individual level. This study is set in the Indian context and, therefore, offers a detailed insight from an Indian sales force perspective. Also, this study introduces self-leadership into sales literature. Design/methodology/approach – A model was tested using survey data collected from salespeople within a print media company located in India. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results suggest an interesting interplay between salesperson’s customer orientation and his/her sales performance. The relationship between customer orientation is fully mediated by salesperson’s emotion regulation ability and his/her salesmanship skills. Results support the role of natural rewards strategies as driver of individual level customer orientation which will be of great interest in future research in this area.
Increased serum visfatin in patients with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis

Objective Visfatin is a newly identified adipocytokine and recent studies indicated that visfatin may have potential proinflammatory effect. However, its pathophysiological role in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not fully understood. In this study we investigated whether serum visfatin levels is altered in patients with the MetS, and compared the levels of visfatin between patients with and without carotid plaques.
Ensemble Learning Methods for Binary Classification with Multi-modality within the Classes

We consider binary classification problems where each of the two classes show multi-modal distribution in the feature space. Inspired by existing ensemble learning methods for multi-class classification, we develop ensemble learning methods for binary classification that make use of the bipartite nature of the positive and negative modes in the data. By constructing ensembles that make use of the multi-modal structure within the two classes, as opposed to using random samples, we are able to ensure sufficient diversity among the classifiers and adequate representation of the modes in the learning of the classifiers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble learning methods in comparison with existing approaches over a synthetic dataset and a real-world application involving global lake monitoring, over a broad range of base classifiers.
Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in processed meat products during refrigerated storage

The fate of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage was determined on several processed meat products, including ham, bologna, wieners, sliced chicken, sliced turkey, fermented semidried sausage, bratwurst, and cooked roast beef. The meats were surface inoculated with a five-strain mixture of less than or equal to 200 or ca. 10(5) L. monocytogenes cells per package, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4.4 degrees C. Survival or growth of listeriae was determined for up to 12 weeks of storage or until the product was spoiled. The organism survived but did not grow on summer sausage, grew only slightly on cooked roast beef, grew well on some wiener products but not on others, grew well (10(3) to 10(5) CFU/g increase within 4 weeks) on ham, bologna, and bratwurst, and grew exceptionally well (10(3) to 10(5) CFU/g increase within 4 weeks) on sliced chicken and turkey. The rate of growth depended largely upon the type of product and the pH of the product. Growth was most prolific on processed poultry products. The organism generally grew well on meats near or above pH 6 and poorly or not at all on products near or below pH 5. These results indicate the importance of preventing postprocessing contamination of L. monocytogenes in a variety of ready-to-eat meat products.
Early Change in Coping Strategies in Responsive Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Mediation Analysis

Background: Difficulty in emotion regulation is a hallmark feature of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Therefore, change in the frequency of certain patient’s coping strategies—aiming at emotion regulation—are among the most promising mechanisms of change in treatments for BPD. In parallel, it was highlighted that therapist responsiveness significantly contributed to outcome across treatment approaches (Stiles, 2009). Based on a randomized controlled trial (Kramer et al., 2014), the present process-outcome mediation analysis aims at examining the patients’ early change in frequency of coping strategies—in particular the decrease in behavioral forms of coping—as potential mechanism of change in responsive treatments for BPD. Method: A total of 57 patients with BPD were included in the present analysis, out of whom 27 were randomly assigned to a 10-session psychiatric treatment and 30 to a 10-session psychiatric treatment augmented with the responsive intervention of the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (Caspar, 2007). The 1st, 5th, and 9th session of each therapy were transcribed and analyzed using the Coping Action Pattern Rating Scale (Perry et al., 2005; 171 sessions analyzed in total), a validated observer-rated method for assessing coping strategies in the therapy process. Psychological distress was assessed using the OQ-45 at intake, after Session 5, and after Session 10. Results: The results confirmed a responsiveness effect associated with the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship and showed a significant decrease in frequency of behavioral forms of coping, F(1, 54) = 3.09, p = . 05, d = . 56, which was not different between the 2 conditions. In addition, we demonstrated that the early decrease in behavioral forms of coping between Sessions 1 and 5 partially mediated the link between the group assignment and the change in psychological distress between Sessions 5 and 10. Conclusions: These results shed light on the centrality of therapist responsiveness in treatments for BPD and its impact on very early change in patient’s in-session behavioral coping strategies, contributing to the effectiveness of short-term treatments for BPD.