Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lupus Clouds

The Lupus clouds compose one of the main low-mass star forming complexes within 200 pc of the Sun. They contain four main star forming sites, including the rich T Tauri association in Lupus 3. They are located in the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association, whose massive stars are likely to have played a significant role in the evolution and perhaps the origin of the complex. The entire variety of objects related to the various stages of early stellar evolution are represented in Lupus, including some of the best studied T Tauri stars like RU Lup. The determination of many properties of the clouds, as well as their associated stellar population, are limited by the uncertainty with which the distance is known. We argue that a single value of the distance is probably inadequate to be representative of the entire complex, and that depth effects are likely to be significant, as expected from its large extent on the plane of the sky. The total mass of molecular gas in the complex is a few times 10 M⊙. The most distinctive property of its stellar population is the outstanding abundance of mid M-type pre-main sequence stars. Some likely substellar objects have been identified as well, particularly thanks to mid-infrared observations carried out with the Spitzer Space Observatory. A widely distributed young low-mass population of weak-line T Tauri stars, identified by its X-ray emission, is observed in the direction of Lupus but it is probably related to the Gould Belt rather than to the star forming complex. A few individual objects of particular interest are briefly reviewed: the Herbig Ae/Be stars HR 5999 and HR 6000 that dominate the Lupus 3 cloud, the classical T Tauri star RU Lup, the EXor class prototype EX Lup, the very low luminosity, outflow-driving sources HH 55 and Par-Lup3-4, the extreme emission-line star Th 28, and the binary object GQ Lup composed of an ordinary T Tauri star with a substellar companion of possible planetary mass.
A Systemic Approach to Multi‐agency Community Safety

In this paper we examine a multi-paradigm systemic approach to multi-agency community safety. A detailed case study was undertaken of a multi-agency partnership involving a fire and rescue service, a local council, an NHS primary care trust and a police force in the North West region of the UK. The community safety project studied was funded by the UK Department of Communities and Local Government over an eighteen month period. The multi-paradigm approach used was beneficial for understanding the nature of community safety, and its application in actual practice. The project involved the development of a novel customer segmentation approach based upon combined fire risk, health risk, social care risk, and crime risk to support identification of at-risk social groups in order to enable more targeted and co-ordinated provision of preventative measures for community safety by the public sector agencies involved.
EFFECTS OF GROUNDNUT HUSK ASH (GHA) IN CEMENT PASTE AND MORTAR

This paper presents the findings of an investigation on the effects of Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA) in cement paste and Mortar as a supplementary cementing material. The GHA used was obtained by controlled burning of groundnut husk to a temperature of 600 o C and sieved through 75 µm sieve after allowing cooling, and characterized. The effects of GHA on cement paste and mortar were investigated at replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %, respectively by weight of cement. A total of ninety 40 mm x 40 mm x 160 mm GHA-Mortar prisms made with 1 : 3 (cement : sand) and 0.5 water-cement ratio were tested for flexural and compressive strengths at 3, 7, 28, 60 and 90 days of curing. The results of the investigations showed that GHA was of low reactivity, with a combined SiO 2, Al 2O3 and Fe 2O3 content of 26.06 %. The drying shrinkage decreased, while consistency, initial and final setting times of cement paste increased with increase in GHA content, where as the flexural and compressive strengths of Mortar decreased with increase in GHA content. However, 10 % GHA replacement was considered as optimum for structural mortar.
Improving Astronomy Achievement and Attitude through Astronomy Summer Project: A Design, Implementation and Assessment

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of an astronomy summer project implemented in different learning activities on elementary school students, pre-service elementary teachers and in-service teachers’ astronomy achievement and their attitudes to astronomy field. This study is the result of a five-day, three-stage, science school, “I Learn the Planet I Live on”. The first stage involved astronomy science schools with 30 elementary school teachers, the second stage involved 30 pre-service elementary school teachers and the last stage involved 30 primary school pupils (aged 14). Within this scope, 30 elementary school teachers from different cities who are volunteer to participate in project, one seventh grade class of each of these teachers from their own schools and 30 pre-service teachers attending elementary department of education faculties of universities in Turkey are participated in the astronomy summer project in Samsun City in 2015 make up the sample of the study. For this purpose, within the scope of a nine-day long project, the participants were presented with hands on activities, outdoor practices, planetarium and observatory activities to enable them to view astronomy education from different views. The study was designed as one group, pre-test post-test experimental research. Astronomy attitude scale and astronomy achievement test were used as pre-test and post-test. The data obtained were evaluated using the SPSS 20.0 software package program. For the analysis of data, a parametric test, a two-way ANOVA for mixed measures, an experiment model, was used. The results of the study showed that the project was effective in increasing the participants’ attitudes towards the astronomy field and their astronomy achievement. A comparison of the data from the teachers and the students produced interesting results, notably that more pupils than teachers answered certain questions correctly.
Investigating smooth breaks in real exchange rates

We investigate the validity of purchasing power parity of 7 Middle East countries over January 1980 to August 2008 by applying the stationary test with a nonlinear Fourier function as proposed by Becker et al. (2006). This test allows us to study the presence of unknown smooth structural breaks and the stationarity of real exchange rates. The empirical results indicate that PPP is not valid for most of these Middle East countries except the Bahrain and Israel.
Systematic characterization of Puerariae Flos metabolites in vivo and assessment of its protective mechanisms against alcoholic liver injury in a rat model

Puerariae Flos, a representative homology plant of medicine and food for alcoholism, has a long history of clinical experience and remarkable curative effect in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, its effective forms and hepatoprotective mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, a strategy based on UPLC-QTOF MS combined with mass defect filtering technique was established for comprehensive mapping of the metabolic profile of PF in rat plasma, urine, bile, and feces after oral administration. Furthermore, the absorbed constituents into plasma and bile with a relatively high level were subjected to the network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking to clarify the potential mechanism. Finally, the therapeutic effect of PF on ALD and predicted mechanisms were further evaluated using a rat model of alcohol-induced liver injury and Western blot analysis. In total, 25 prototype components and 82 metabolites, including 93 flavonoids, 13 saponins, and one phenolic acid, were identified or tentatively characterized in vivo. In addition, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, hydroxylation, and reduction were observed as the major metabolic pathways of PF. The constructed compound–target–pathway network revealed that 11 absorbed constituents associated with the 16 relevant targets could be responsible for the protective activity of PF against ALD by regulating nine pathways attributable to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid regulation as well as inflammation and immune regulation. In addition, four active ingredients (6″-O-xylosyltectoridin, genistein-7-glucuronide-4′-sulfate, tectoridin-4′-sulfate, and 6″-O-xylosyltectoridin-4′-sulfate) as well as two target genes (MAO-A and PPAR-α) were screened and validated to play a crucial role with a good molecular docking score. The present results not only increase the understanding on the effective form and molecular mechanisms of PF-mediated protection against ALD but also promote better application of PF as a supplement food and herbal medicine for the treatment of ALD. Graphical Abstract
Synchronous breathing by pilot whales

When two or more animals behave synchronously, then, unless they are both independently responding to some external stimulus, they are attempting tomatch to each other’s behavior, or at least one is trying tomatch the other’s behavior. Synchrony can thus be a particularly clear example of integrative behavior (Whitehead 2008), and so synchronous behavior can be used to indicate affiliative relationships among individuals and thus to buildmodels of social structure. Synchrony has been described in a range of animal groups, including odontocete cetaceans (Norris and Dohl 1980, Heimlich-Boran 1988, Whitehead 1996, Mann and Smuts 1999, Hastie et al. 2003, Connor et al. 2006, Perelberg and Schuster 2008, Sakai et al. 2009). Synchrony has been defined in two principal ways: a nonrandom, overly clustered, temporal distribution of behavior among members of a group (Whitehead 1996, Hastie et al. 2003), and simultaneous behavior by individual groupmembers (Connor et al. 2006). As no two actions are actually absolutely simultaneous, these two definitions are not completely distinct. Rather their usage reflects different research emphases. In the first the degree of temporal synchrony is measured and analyzed (e.g., Hastie et al. 2003), whereas in the second the temporal matching is assumed and data collection concentrates on issues such as the identities of the participants and their social and environmental circumstances (e.g., Connor et al. 2006). Both types of study give insight into the function of synchronous behavior. In cetaceans, as well as in other animals, a range of functions have been suggested for synchronous behavior. These include a signal for cooperation or to reduce tension (Connor et al. 2006), which may be more manifested at times of stress (e.g., Hastie et al. 2003). Rather more prosaically, synchrony may be an artifact of swimming in close proximity, commencing a cyclical behavioral sequence at the same time (Whitehead 1996), or a method of reducing hydrodynamic drag (Weihs 2004). In bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.), the cetaceans for which synchrony has been most studied, synchrony is sometimes seen as being involved with the advertisement or reinforcement of social bonds (Connor et al. 2006, Perelberg and Schuster 2008, Sakai et al. 2009).
Subseasonal and Interannual Temperature Variability in Relation to Extreme Temperature Occurrence over East Asia

AbstractThis study investigates interannual variability in the frequency of occurrence of daily surface air temperature (SAT) extremes over East Asia in summer and winter between 1979 and 2009. In particular, this study examines the dominant seasonal SAT patterns, as obtained through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, and the associated variability in SAT extreme occurrence. Overall, the authors find that changes in extreme temperature occurrence associated with these dominant patterns are impacted by both shifts and narrowing/broadening of the subseasonal SAT probability distribution functions (PDFs). In summer, the leading pattern features large SAT anomalies in midlatitude East Asia centered over Mongolia. Over this center of action, positive SAT anomalies are accompanied by decreased precipitation and soil moisture, which increases the ratio of sensible to latent heat flux. Consequently, subseasonal SAT variance increases, resulting in an enhanced occurrence of positive SAT extremes relativ.
Solving inherent problems of Anomaly Detection by Cooperation

Anomaly detection compensates shortcomings of signature-based detection such as protecting against Zero-Day exploits. However, Anomaly Detection can be resource-intensive and is plagued by a high false-positive rate. In this work, we address these problems by presenting a Cooperative Intrusion Detection approach for the AIS, the Artificial Immune System, as an example for an anomaly detection approach. In particular we show, how the cooperative approach reduces the false-positive rate of the detection and how the overall detection process can be organized to account for the resource constraints of the participating devices. Evaluations are carried out with the novel network simulation environment NeSSi as well as formally with an extension to the epidemic spread model SIR
An image cryptology application using three-dimensional autonomous continuous chaotic equations

In this paper, a three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system is introduced, which contains the quadratic, cubic and quartic nonlinearities. Cryptology application of the proposed chaotic system is discussed for the purpose of creating secure data bases and for send-ing secure messages. In particular, a chaotic encryption on an image implemented out to ensure data security.
The Risk Profile of Private Equity Funds of Funds

Private equity fund of funds (FoF) investments are now contributing more than 10% of the capital to private equity, i.e., venture capital and buyout. However, their risk profile is not well understood due to the opaque and illiquid market, and limited access to performance figures. FoFs need to understand their own risk profile, if they are to convince potential investors of their lower risk. Research on direct investments shows significant variability of returns with a significant probability of a total loss and extreme profits while research on funds shows that they are less risky because they invest in up to 20 direct investments. This article examines the risk profile of fund of funds. It illustrates that FoFs significantly reduce risk due to diversification. A framework that constructs the risk profile of FoFs using fund performance data is presented. Results show that the risk associated with a FoF investment is significantly smaller than that for a fund investment
Counting in Qualitative Research: Why to Conduct it, When to Avoid it, and When to Closet it

In this essay we discuss the issue of counting: the process of assigning numbers to data that are in nonnumerical form. We review why counting is a controversial issue in qualitative research, and explain how this controversy creates what we call the “multiple audience problem” for qualitative researchers. We then identify the purposes that can be served by four different types of counting, explore when counting should be avoided entirely, and discuss when the results of counting should be concealed, or as Sutton put it, kept in the closet.
More than Schooling: Understanding Gender Differences in the Labor Market When Measures of Skill are Available

This paper uses measures of cognitive and noncognitive skills in an expanded definition of human capital to examine how schooling and skills differ between men and women and how those differences relate to gender gaps in earnings across nine middle-income countries. The analysis finds that post-secondary schooling and cognitive skills are more important for women's earnings at the lower end and middle of the earnings distribution, and that men and women have positive returns to openness to new experiences and risk-taking behavior and negative returns to hostile attribution bias. Especially at the lower end of the earnings distribution, women are disadvantaged not so much by having lower human capital than men, but by institutional factors such as wage structures that reward women's human capital systematically less than men's.
Short-Term Effects of India's Employment Guarantee Program on Labor Markets and Agricultural Productivity

This paper uses a large national household panel from 1999/2000 and 2007/08 to analyze the short-term effects of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme on wages, labor supply, agricultural labor use, and productivity. The scheme prompted a 10-point wage increase and higher labor supply to nonagricultural casual work and agricultural self-employment. Program-induced drops in hired labor demand were more than outweighed by more intensive use of family labor, machinery, fertilizer, and diversification to crops with higher risk-return profiles, especially by small farmers. Although the aggregate productivity effects were modest, total employment generated by the program (but not employment in irrigation-related activities) significantly increased productivity, suggesting alleviation of liquidity constraints and implicit insurance provision rather than quality of works undertaken as a main channel for program-induced productivity effects.
Comparisons of Soil Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities in Heavy Metal Contaminated Bulk and Rhizosphere Soils of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the Northern Foot of Qinling Mountain

The toxic effects of heavy metal (HM) contamination on plant metabolism and soil microorganisms have been emphasized recently; however, little is known about the differences in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties between bulk and rhizosphere soils contaminated with HMs in forest ecosystem. The present study was conducted to evaluate the rhizosphere effect on soil properties, enzyme activities and bacterial communities associated with Robinia pseudoacacia L. along a HM contamination gradient. Soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN) and phosphorus (AP) contents were significantly higher in rhizosphere soil than those in bulk soil at HM contaminated sites (p 0.05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that soil pH, EC, SOM and total/DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations were the most important variables affecting relative abundance, composition and diversity of bacteria (p < 0.05). Our study highlights the importance of rhizosphere effect on soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, bacterial abundance and community in HM contaminated forest soils. Further study is still required to understand the specific processes in the rhizosphere to achieve a suitable rhizosphere biotechnology for restoration of degraded forest ecosystem.
Making a molehill out of a mountain: spreading the morning peak with flexible working hours

Travel demand-management strategies are employed as cost-effective tools to ease peak-hour pressures. In this paper, we focused on the use of flexible working hours and measured its efficacy in spreading the morning peak demand using empirical data from the NSW Transport and Infrastructure's Sydney Household Travel Survey. The results indicated firstly, that the commute patterns of those with fixed hours during the morning showed striking similarity to those with flexible hours. This is largely because the required start times of those with fixed hours are already spread, effectively re-distributing travel outside the high demand period. This suggests that enforcing staggered start times is itself an effective tool in spreading peak hour demand. Among those workers with flexible hours, three-fifths arrived outside the "super-peak" 8-9am period. This indicates a potential in dampening the sharp peak period if this flexible arrangement is extended to workers with fixed start times during this super-peak period. This paper makes simple calculations and assumes a 61 per cent take-up of flexible hours based on revealed preferences to estimate this dampening effect, but it is expected that actual take-up would likely be influenced by other factors, many of which are qualitative and not easily assessable for this purpose.
Sero-prevalence of dengue type-3 Virus among patients with febrile illnesses attending a tertiary hospital in Maiduguri , Nigeria

Biomedical researches available to date indicate that Dengue viruses (DENV) could be among the etiologies of acute fevers in Nigeria. Dengue viruses are mosquito-borne and exist in four serotypes (DENV1 to DENV4) which immunologically do not cross protect but cross react. Dengue fever is clinically difficult to diagnose especially in the developing countries with no established diagnostic facility and could easily be mistaken for malaria and/or typhoid etc. The objective of this study is to determine whether Dengue Type-3 virus is circulating in this community; to determine its significance in febrile illnesses and also to encourage periodic surveillance work on the viral infection. The method adopted was: 256 serum samples from suspected cases of malaria and/or typhoid were collected from patients seeking for medical assistance at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Cell culture-based Microneutrilization assay was used to test all the sera for DENV-3 neutralizing antibodies. Out of 256 samples 26 (10.1%) had neutralizing antibodies to DENV-3 virus. Among the seropositive patients, prevalence of DENV-3 antibodies was significantly higher in female patients (18.5%) compared to males (6.3%). The highest antibody titre recorded in this study was 1:320 while the lowest was 1:10. Majority of the seropositive patients were ≥ 20 years (14.5%). Co-circulation of dengue virus with malaria and/typhoid in North-eastern Nigeria has been suspected. The findings of this study suggest the need to conduct further research on dengue virus in order to confirm its involvement or exclude it from being responsible for febrile illnesses.
Effect of Different Phosphorus Levels on Growth and Yield Performance of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic)

The investigation was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield performance of Lentil (Lens culinaris medic) CV. Masoor-85. Flowering and maturity of the crop was significantly affected by different rates of phosphorus. Maximum 1000-grain weight (19.38 g) was recorded with the application of 75 kg P2O5 haG. Application of 75 kg P2O5 resulted in higher yield of 1250 kg ha!