Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women, choice and promotion or why women are still a minority in the professoriate

Women remain a minority in the Australian professoriate despite decades of equal opportunity policy. This article discusses the findings of an intensive case study that investigates why women's representation declines at the most senior academic levels. Through in-depth interviews with 24 women, the study explores the extent to which women's choices and aspirations are shaped by academic employment conditions that are ambiguous in their effects on women's capacity to reach senior academic roles. Responses suggest that women are slowed down, in ways that men often are not, by multiple conditions. The findings draw attention to the need for equity policies that support women to reach the professoriate before retirement becomes the preferred option.
Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group 8-2015 Comparing Evapotranspiration from Eddy Covariance Measurements , Water Budgets , Remote Sensing , and Land Surface Models over Canada

This study compares six evapotranspiration ET products for Canada’s landmass, namely, eddy covariance EC measurements; surface water budget ET; remote sensing ET from MODIS; and land surface model (LSM) ET from the Community Land Model (CLM), the Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations (EALCO) model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). The ET climatology over the Canadian landmass is characterized and the advantages and limitations of the datasets are discussed. The ECmeasurements have limited spatial coverage, making it difficult for model validations at the national scale. Water budget ET has the largest uncertainty because of data quality issues with precipitation in mountainous regions and in the north. MODIS ET shows relatively large uncertainty in cold seasons and sparsely vegetated regions. The LSM products cover the entire landmass and exhibit small differences inETamong them.AnnualET from theLSMs ranges from small negative values to over 600mmacross the landmass, with a countrywide average of 2566 15mm. Seasonally, the countrywide average monthly ET varies from a low of about 3mm in four winter months (November– February) to 67 6 7mm in July. The ET uncertainty is scale dependent. Larger regions tend to have smaller uncertainties because of the offset of positive and negative biases within the region. More observation networks and better quality controls are critical to improving ET estimates. Future techniques should also consider a hybrid approach that integrates strengths of the various ET products to help reduce uncertainties in ET estimation.
Conjunctival mucinous adenocarcinoma in an ostrich (Struthio camelus)

A 2-year-old male ostrich (Struthio camelus) presented with a rapidly growing soft tissue mass protruding from the ventromedial aspect of the right eye (OD). The initial physical examination revealed a soft tissue mass attached to the medial inferior conjunctiva. The mass was excised with cryosurgery, and the conjunctival tissue margins were treated with cryoablation. Histopathological examination diagnosed granulomatous inflammation associated with scattered acid-fast bacteria. The ostrich recovered uneventfully and appeared healthy until recurrence of a grossly similar mass 2 months later. Gross examination revealed a botryoid mass attached to the inferior palpebral conjunctiva and extending onto the palpebral aspect of the nictitating membrane. Euthanasia was selected, and the histological diagnosis of the second mass was a mixed mucinous adenocarcinoma; however, no acid-fast bacteria were seen. Granulomatous conjunctival lesions have been previously described in the ostrich, while, to the authors' knowledge, neoplastic conjunctival lesions have not. Neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a rapidly recurring, granulomatous conjunctival mass in this species.
Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling

Significance Gambling games are associated with a distorted psychological processing of random sequences (the gambler’s fallacy) and unrewarded outcomes that fall close to a jackpot (near misses). Problem gamblers appear more susceptible to these effects. Here, we show that these two gambling distortions are disrupted in patients with brain injury affecting the insula compared with patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex or amygdala. In a roulette task (red/black predictions), comparison groups chose either color less after longer runs of that color outcome. On a slot machine task, comparison groups rated higher motivation following near misses relative to full misses. Our results generate a clinical hypothesis that, in disordered gambling, these cognitions may be underpinned by excessive recruitment of insula circuitry. Gambling is a naturalistic example of risky decision-making. During gambling, players typically display an array of cognitive biases that create a distorted expectancy of winning. This study investigated brain regions underpinning gambling-related cognitive distortions, contrasting patients with focal brain lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), insula, or amygdala (“target patients”) against healthy comparison participants and lesion comparison patients (i.e., with lesions that spare the target regions). A slot machine task was used to deliver near-miss outcomes (i.e., nonwins that fall spatially close to a jackpot), and a roulette game was used to examine the gambler’s fallacy (color decisions following outcome runs). Comparison groups displayed a heightened motivation to play following near misses (compared with full misses), and manifested a classic gambler’s fallacy effect. Both effects were also observed in patients with vmPFC and amygdala damage, but were absent in patients with insula damage. Our findings indicate that the distorted cognitive processing of near-miss outcomes and event sequences may be ordinarily supported by the recruitment of the insula. Interventions to reduce insula reactivity could show promise in the treatment of disordered gambling.
Effects of lower limb prosthesis on activity, participation, and quality of life: a systematic review

Background: Effects presented on the use of assistive devices such as prosthesis are often based on laboratory findings (i.e. efficacy). Objectives: To summarise and evaluate findings from studies on effectiveness of lower limb prostheses for adults in real life contexts, primarily in terms of activity, participation, and quality of life (QoL) and secondarily in terms of user satisfaction, use/non-use, and/or cost-effectiveness. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: We included controlled studies and non-controlled follow-up studies including both baseline and follow-up data. Using 14 different databases supplemented with manual searches, we searched for studies published from 1998 until June 2009. Results: Out of an initial 818 identified publications, eight met the inclusion criteria. Four studies reported on the effectiveness of a microprocessor-controlled knee (MP-knee) compared to a non-microprocessor-controlled knee (NMP-knee). Results were inconsistent except for quality of life and use/non-use, where the authors reported an improvement with the MP-knee compared to the NMP-knee. The remaining four studies included a diversity of prosthetic intervention measures and types of endpoints. Conclusions: Overall, there was an inconsistency in results and study quality. This review highlights the need for high-quality research studies that reflect the effectiveness of different prosthesis interventions in terms of users’ daily living and QoL. Clinical relevance Clinical guidelines are important to every practitioner. Information on expected effectiveness from assistive devices should be well founded and contain both facts about the device quality and its contribution to users’ daily lives. Thus, studies based on users’ experiences from prosthetic use in everyday life activities are of great importance.
Looking towards the Future of Language Assessment: Usability of Tablet PCs in Language Testing

This research addresses the change in how the Spanish University Entrance Examination can be delivered in the future. There is a wide acknowledgement that computer tests are very demanding for the delivering institutions which makes computer language testing difficult to implement. However, the use of tablet PCs can facilitate the delivery at even lower cost than the regular computer based language testing. 183 students in their last year of high school took a computer based language test which included reading, writing, listening and speaking. The research aspects were 1) whether they feel at ease with the tablet PC exam; 2) if they felt that visual aspects were accessible and 3) whether the interface organization was clear. The paper first has a brief description of the OPENPAU® platform, after it addresses the field study based on questionnaires and observations with students during the test delivery, finally the results indicate that this means of language test delivery could be adequate not only for the Spanish University Entrance Examination but for most standardized tests.
National trends in pediatric use of anticonvulsants.

OBJECTIVE This research study aimed to assess national trends in pediatric use of anticonvulsants for seizures and psychiatric disorders. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed. Outpatient visit information for youths (ages 0-17 years) was grouped by year for 1996-1997, 2000-2001, 2004-2005, and 2008-2009. Six of the most common anticonvulsant drugs used for psychiatric conditions were examined. Psychiatric diagnoses and seizure or convulsion diagnoses were identified with ICD-9-CM codes. The primary outcome measure was percentage prevalence of visits for anticonvulsants that included a psychiatric diagnosis as a proportion of total youth visits for an anticonvulsant. Total, diagnosis-stratified, and drug-specific visits, as well as visits for concomitant anticonvulsants and psychotropics, were analyzed. RESULTS As a proportion of total youth visits for anticonvulsants, visits with a psychiatric diagnosis increased 1.7 fold (p<.001), whereas the proportion of seizure-related visits did not change significantly. Regardless of diagnosis, anticonvulsant use significantly increased, from . 33% to . 68% of total youth visits in the 14-year period. There were significant increases in anticonvulsant use to treat pediatric bipolar disorder and disruptive behavior disorders. Visits noting divalproex decreased while visits noting lamotrigine increased among visits involving a psychiatric diagnosis. The concomitant use of stimulants and anticonvulsants significantly increased in visits noting a psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Whereas anticonvulsant use for seizure disorders across the 14-year period was stable, the use of these drugs for psychiatric conditions rose to a dominant position. The growth of concomitant and off-label use to treat behavioral disorders raises questions about effectiveness and safety in community populations of youths.
Agreement between weight bearing and non-weight bearing joint position replication tasks at the knee and hip

Abstract Peak joint angles assumed during the stance phase of running may indicate a runner's ability to sense limb position in space. Joint position sense can be assessed through weight bearing and non-weight bearing tasks. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if weight bearing and non-weight bearing knee and hip joint replication tasks elicited similar joint position sense test results. Absolute replication error was measured during sagittal plane knee and frontal plane hip conditions on 23 healthy runners. Three-dimensional kinematics was recorded during running. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) determined agreement between the two measures of joint position sense. Pearson's correlation coefficients measured the relationship between hip and knee absolute error and peak joint angles during running. Despite similar mean absolute error, ICCs indicated low agreement between weight bearing and non-weight bearing conditions at each joint. The results indicate the tests are not interchangeable. Absolute error for non-weight bearing hip replication was correlated with peak stance hip adduction during running. Weight bearing and non-weight bearing joint position sense tasks within the knee and hip joints measure joint position sense differently. Therefore, a task that is relevant to the activity of interest should be selected to measure joint position sense.
The impact of aerobic training upon left ventricular morphology and function in pre-pubescent children

Current knowledge of the impact of training on left ventricular (LV) morphology and function in pre-pubescent children is limited. After ethical approval, 59 pre-pubescent children (mean ± SD age 10.5 ± 0.7 years) volunteered for the study. Twenty-five (11 girls) participated in a 12-week progressive, cycle-based aerobic exercise training programme (ET) of three 30-min sessions per week at 80% maximum heart rate (HR) and 34 (15 girls) as matched controls (CON). Pre- and post-training echocardiograms assessed LV structures and function such as LV internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd), LV mass, stroke volume (SV) and early to late LV filling velocity ratio (E:A). Peak VO2 was determined via a modified McMaster protocol. Mixed, two-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to analyse peak VO2 and LV structural/functional data that had been allometrically scaled. A significant interaction for peak VO2 was observed (54 ± 7 to 55 ± 6 and 57 ± 6 to 56 ± 7 ml/lean body mass (LBM) per min in ET and CON, respectively). A small, but significant, main effect for time was observed for LVIDd over the intervention period (13.9 ± 1.0 to 14.2 ± 1.1 and 13.5 ± 0.9 to 13.8 ± 1.0 cm·LBM−0.33 in ET and CON, respectively) that could be attributed to normal growth and development. Similar changes in SV (2.12 ± 0.45 to 2.24 ± 0.45 and 1.95 ± 0.42 to 2.08 ± 0.44 ml/LBM) and LV mass (2.59 ± 0.55 to 2.79 ± 0.69 and 2.45 ± 0.60 to 2.61 ± 0.65 g/LBM) were evident (main effect for time p < 0.05). The E:A ratio did not alter in either group. A decrease in resting HR in ET (p < 0.05) suggested a training effect. Multiple regression revealed that post-training resting HR was the only significant predictor of peak VO2 (R2=18.2% and 16.9% CON and ET respectively). These data suggest that training in pre-pubescent children does not influence LV morphology and function within the current population. Moreover, the association between LV structure/function and peak VO2 was small. Future work may wish to impose a greater training volume and assess cardiovascular responses in pre-pubescent children.
Predicting vowel discrimination accuracy through cross-linguistic acoustic analyses

This study compares the acoustic properties of Australian English and Brazilian Portuguese vowels as a means of predicting L2 discrimination difficulty. Euclidean Distances between the vowels of the two languages were computed to quantify acoustic similarity and to predict discrimination difficulty for Australian English learners of Brazilian Portuguese. Results show that Euclidean Distances successfully predict classification patterns in statistical models. We further compared the models’ results to those of a previous study reporting Australian English listeners’ discrimination of Brazilian Portuguese vowels, showing that real listeners’ discrimination difficulty is indeed predicted by the current acoustic analyses.
Trefftz Methods for Time Dependent Partial Differential Equations

PCT No. PCT/US92/10698 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 15, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 15, 1994 PCT Filed Dec. 16, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/12107 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 24, 1993Disclosed is a compound of Formula 1.0: (1.0) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective amount of a Compound of Formula 1.0. Further disclosed is a method of treating allergy (for example asthma), inflammation, hypertension, raised intraocular pressure (such as glaucoma)-i.e., a method of lowering intraocular pressure, sleeping disorders, states of hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system (for example, agitation and depression) and other CNS disorders (such as Alzheimers, Schizophrenia, and migraine) comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula 1.0 to a patient in need of such treatment.
Teacher Self-Efficacy as a Function of Student Engagement, Instructional Strategies and Classroom Management

The present study was conducted to assess the teachers’ self efficacy on three subscales namely as Student Engagement, Instructional Strategies and Classroom Management. The main objective of the study was to determine the teachers’ self efficacy on these subscales in relation to gender, age, professional qualification, school status and nature of job. For this purpose a convenient sample of 108 male and 90 female teachers was selected from four public schools in Lahore. Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Beliefs scale (Moran & Hoy, 2001) was administered. Results indicated significant differences between efficacy beliefs of male and female, B.Ed. and M.Ed, permanent and temporary, elementary and secondary, younger and older teachers with regards to classroom management.
Association of vitamin D receptor (Fok-I) polymorphism with the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism on the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis, as a FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene was recently reported to be associated with calcium metabolism disorders. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS In all, 235 patients with calcium urolithiasis and 231 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between June 2003 and February 2005. Clinical information on the age at first onset, stone episodes, stone severity and presence of family history were collected from patients with stones. Any VDR FokI polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. RESULTS The frequency of VDR FokI genotypes between the patients and the healthy controls was not significantly different. However, among patients, those with the FF genotype had a significantly higher risk of having more stone episodes (adjusted odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.02-4.54, P = 0.044) and were younger at the first onset (3.23, 1.08-9.63, P = 0.036) than those with the ff genotype. CONCLUSION The VDR FokI polymorphism might be important in the clinical presentation of patients with calcium urolithiasis, especially for the frequency of stone episodes and age at first onset, although it is not associated with the formation of stones.
Observed DNS Resolution Misbehavior

This memo describes DNS iterative resolver behavior that results in a significant query volume sent to the root and top-level domain (TLD) name servers. We offer implementation advice to iterative resolver developers to alleviate these unnecessary queries. The recommendations made in this document are a direct byproduct of observation and analysis of abnormal query traffic patterns seen at two of the thirteen root name servers and all thirteen com/net TLD name servers. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
A step forward: investigating expertise in materials evaluation

This article reports on a study investigating the textbook evaluation techniques of novice and experienced teachers, which was conducted by the Language Teaching Expertise Research Group (or LATEX) within Lancaster University's Department of Linguistics and English Language. Three ELT teachers were chosen to evaluate the student and teacher editions of a newly-released ELT textbook using the technique of concurrent verbalization. The results of the research add to the growing body of knowledge on expertise, providing insight into the differences between the teachers with respect to their various evaluation strategies. They also point to implications for the development of teacher education and training.
Effective population size/adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review.

Summary The effective population size is required to predict the rate of inbreeding and loss of genetic variation in wildlife. Since only census population size is normally available, it is critical to know the ratio of effective to actual population size (NJN). Published estimates of NJN (192 from 102 species) were analysed to identify major variables affecting the ratio, and to obtain a comprehensive estimate of the ratio with all relevant variables included. The five most important variables explaining variation among estimates, in order of importance, were fluctuation in population size, variance in family size, form of TV used (adults v. breeders v. total size), taxonomic group and unequal sex-ratio. There were no significant effects on the ratio of high v. low fecundity, demographic r. genetic methods of estimation, or of overlapping v. non-overlapping generations when the same variables were included in estimates. Comprehensive estimates of NJN (that included the effects of fluctuation in population size, variance in family size and unequal sex-ratio) averaged only 0-10—0-11. Wildlife populations have much smaller effective population sizes than previously recognized.
Effect of Client-Therapist Gender Match on the Therapeutic Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis

Matching clients and counselors on the basis of heuristics, such as gender, is common in clinical practice. Considerable research has examined the effect of gender matching on the therapeutic alliance with equivocal results. Researchers have offered various hypotheses to explain these findings without consensus. This study sought to examine gender matching in a naturalistic setting and proposed that gender matching varies in importance depending upon the stage of the therapeutic relationship. It was hypothesized that gender matching affects the therapeutic alliance initially and then becomes less important as other factors come into play. Results did not support the hypothesis but showed a general “female effect. ” Across all stages of therapy, female clients matched with female therapists reported therapeutic alliance ratings higher than dyads with a male therapist. Dyads with a female therapist and male client also reported alliance higher than male gender matched dyads. Implications of these results, limitations, and future directions are discussed.