Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attribution as a Predictor of Procrastination in Online Graduate Students.

Online courses are growing at a tremendous rate, and although we have discovered a great deal about teaching and learning in the online environment, there is much left to learn. One variable that needs to be explored further is procrastination in online coursework. In this mixed methods study, quantitative methods were utilized to evaluate the influence of online graduate students' attributions for academic outcomes to ability, effort, context, and luck on their tendency to procrastinate. Additionally, qualitative methods were utilized to explore students' attributional beliefs about their tendency to procrastinate in their online coursework. Collectively, results indicated that ability, effort, context, and luck influenced procrastination in this sample of graduate students. A discussion of these findings, implications for instructors, and recommendations for future research ensues. Online course offerings and degree programs have recently increased at a rapid rate and have gained in popularity among students (Allen & Seaman, 2010, 2011). Garrett (2007) reported that half of prospective students surveyed about postsecondary programs expressed a preference for online and hybrid programs, typically because of the flexibility and convenience (Daymont, Blau, & Campbell, 2011). Advances in learning management systems such as Blackboard have facilitated the dramatic increase in asynchronous programs. Although the research literature concerning online learning has blossomed over the past decade, much is left to learn about important variables that impact student learning and achievement. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to better understand the relationship between online graduate students' attributional beliefs and their tendency to procrastinate. The approach to this objective was twofold. First, quantitative methods were utilized to evaluate the influence of students' attributions for academic outcomes to ability, effort, context, and luck on their tendency to procrastinate. Second, qualitative methods were utilized to explore students' attributional beliefs about their tendency to procrastinate in their online coursework.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia in a complex neoplastic lesion involving anogenital mammary‐like glands

Anogenital mammary‐like glands (AMLG) may give rise to various pathologic lesions identical to those known in mammary pathology. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH), a relatively frequent hormonal change associated with different benign and malignant processes in the breast, was only once mentioned in the literature concerning the pathology of AMLG. We present here a new case of PASH in a lesion of AMLG. The present case of PASH is remarkable because of its occurrence within a complex lesion evidencing the changes identical to or reminiscent of blunt duct adenosis, fibroadenoma and hidradenoma papilliferum.
Comparison of Serological Detection Methods for Diagnosis of Ehrlichia canis Infections in Dogs

ABSTRACT We determined the value of four serological assays for the diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis by comparing them to the indirect fluorescent-antibody assay “gold standard. ” The specificity of Dip-S-Ticks was significantly lower than that of all of the other tests evaluated. The sensitivity of Dip-S-Ticks was significantly higher than that of Snap3Dx or the Snap Canine Combo. The sensitivity of the rMAP2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was significantly higher than that of the Snap Canine Combo. The accuracy levels of the rMAP2 ELISA, Snap3Dx, Dip-S-Ticks, and Snap Canine Combo were 97.0, 89.8, 85.1, and 82.9%, respectively.
Comparing the Cost‐Effectiveness of the Triple Test Score to Traditional Methods for Evaluating Palpable Breast Masses

Background. Physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration are traditionally used to guide further management of palpable breast masses, often leading to open biopsy of benign masses. The triple test score (TTS) integrates physical examination, mammography, and fine needle aspiration in the initial evaluation, limiting open biopsy. Objective. To compare cost‐effectiveness of TTS and traditional methods. Methods. The primary measure of clinical effectiveness, frequency of missed malignancy, was determined for each strategy using probabilities and outcomes from a systematic literature review. Costs were calculated using the Medicare resource‐based relative‐value scale. A decision‐analytic model compared costs of initial work‐up, costs per mass evaluated, and costs per malignancy diagnosed. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of variations in model assumptions. Results. In the base case, neither strategy led to undiagnosed breast cancer. However, open biopsy was required in 13% of benign masses using TTS versus 88% using the traditional strategy. The cost of the initial work‐up using traditional management was less than TTS ($377 vs. $627), but cost per mass evaluated and cost per malignancy diagnosed ($1793 vs. $925 and $5670 vs. $2925) favored TTS, due to substantially reduced open biopsy. In sensitivity analyses, TTS cost varied most with changes in cost of initial evaluation, whereas the traditional strategy cost varied most with changes in open biopsy cost. Conclusions. The TTS provides equivalent diagnostic effectiveness but substantially lower cost than traditional management. Cost savings are based on decreased open biopsy, a major contributor to the cost of traditional evaluation in this model.
Normal Circulating PTH in Saudi Healthy Individuals with Hypovitaminosis D

Abstract Recent studies in the Middle East have shown an increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency across this region of year-round sunlight. There is scarcity of information, however, as to the levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], the active form of vitamin D, and its associations with cardiometabolic parameters in an Arab cohort and this study aims to fill this gap. In a cross-sectional study, 33 male and 43 female (22 children and 54 adults, total 76) Saudis with previously established low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (<50 ng/ml or 20 nmol/l) were recruited. Anthropometrics were obtained and fasting blood samples were taken for a routine measurement of glucose, lipid profile, calcium, and albumin, while serum 25(OH)D, 1,25-(OH)2D, and intact PTH were quantified using specific ELISAs. Serum calcium, intact PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D were all within the normal range in both children and adults in both genders. In all subjects, serum 1,25(OH)2D was not associated with intact PTH, while circulating 1,25(OH)D inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure (p=0.01) and waist circumference (p=0.04). Thus, vitamin D deficient Saudi children and adults with normal levels of 1,25-(OH)2D also had normal circulating calcium and PTH. This study suggests that local cutoffs should be set that will be of clinical significance in the identification of those at true risk for harder end-points, such as secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone-related diseases.
A Second-Generation Genetic Linkage Map of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank data libraries under accession nos. G68180, G68324 and BV005269, BV005594.

We constructed a second-generation linkage map of tilapia from the F2 progeny of an interspecific cross between Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus. The map reported here contains 525 microsatellite and 21 gene-based markers. It spans 1311 cM in 24 linkage groups, for an average marker spacing of 2.4 cM. We detected associations of sex and red color with markers on linkage group 3. This map will enable mapping and selective breeding of quantitative traits important to the economic culture of tilapia as a food fish and will contribute to the study of closely related cichlids that have undergone explosive adaptive radiation in the lakes of East Africa.
Effect of Vitamin C in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft : a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Objective: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery. As an antioxidant, vitamin C has a crucial role in reducing the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of vitamin C administration in reducing the incidence of post-CABG atrial fibrillation. Methodology: In this double-blind parallel clinical trial, 170 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG were divided into two groups of intervention and control according to the table of random numbers and received vitamin C and placebo, respectively. The groups had no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The intervention group received 2 g intravenous vitamin C the night before surgery. The medication was continued for 5 days as 500 mg twice a day. After surgery, the groups were evaluated and compared in terms of important outcomes of the study, particularly the occurrence of arrhythmia, length of stay in ICU, and length of stay in hospital. Findings: A total of 118 men and 52 women with a mean age of 59.1±9.8 years were enrolled in the study in the two groups of vitamin C and placebo (each with 85 patients). The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 12.9% and 29.4% in the vitamin C and control groups, respectively (p=0.009). The length of ICU stay was 2.5±1.4 days in the vitamin C group and 3.0±1.6 days in controls (p=0.035), and the length of hospital stay was 6.6±1.5 days in the vitamin C group and 8.2±2.3 days in controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin C is a relatively safe, cheap, and well-tolerated treatment with low complication. Since the incidence of post-CABG atrial fibrillation was reduced by 44% in the vitamin C group, the drug can be prescribed as a prophylaxis for prevention of post-CABG atrial fibrillation.
Integrating Disparate Sources of Experts for Robust Image Denoising

We study an image denoising problem: Given a set of image denoisers, each having a different denoising capability, can we design a framework that allows us to integrate the individual denoisers to produce an overall better result? If we can do so, then potentially we can integrate multiple weak denoisers to denoise complex scenes. The goal of this paper is to present a meta-procedure called the Consensus Neural Network (ConsensusNet). Given a set of initial denoisers, ConsensusNet takes the initial estimates and generates a linear combination of the results. The combined estimate is then fed to a booster neural network to reduce the amount of method noise. ConsensusNet is a modular framework that allows any image denoiser to be used in the initial stage. Experimental results show that ConsensusNet can consistently improve denoising performance for both deterministic denoisers and neural network denoisers.
Pathology and localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in the reproductive tract of chronically infected male rhesus macaques.

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted by sexual contact, the biology of this mode of transmission remains largely undefined. HIV is present in semen in both cell-free and cell-associated forms and can be isolated from asymptomatic individuals and AIDS patients. The source of HIV in semen and the target cells for HIV transmission to men are unknown. Epidemiologic studies have shown that in men, the presence of an intact foreskin is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The reproductive tracts from 13 chronically simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected adult male rhesus macaques were examined for this study. Routine histologic examination was undertaken to characterize the reproductive tract pathology. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to localize SIV-infected cells and determine the immunophenotype of inflammatory infiltrates. RESULTS SIV-infected cells (macrophages, T cells) were found at all levels of the reproductive tract and were commonly associated with inflammatory lesions. Infected cells were found most consistently in the epididymis. In one animal, SIV-infected cells (presumably Langerhans cells) were present in the stratified squamous epithelium of the foreskin. Testicular atrophy and degeneration were relatively common findings. The most common lesion in the accessory glands was mild lymphocytic inflammation. In addition, atrophy of the glandular elements and interstitial fibrosis in the prostate gland were found. One animal had a granulomatous epididymitis with multinucleate giant cells that may have been a primary SIV lesion. CONCLUSIONS The reproductive tract pathology in chronically SIV-infected male rhesus macaques and AIDS patients is similar. SIV-infected cells can be found at all levels of the male rhesus macaque reproductive tract and SIV can infect cells in the mucosal epithelium of the foreskin. This latter finding indicates that target cells for HIV transmission may be present in the foreskin epithelium of uncircumcised men.
Pre- and Postoperative Abdominal Examinations in Testicular Carcinoma

The histopathologic findings at retroperitoneal lymph node excision in 29 patients with a non-seminomatous germ cell tumour were compared with the findings at preoperative computed tomography, ultrasound and lymphography. The possibilities of detecting retroperitoneal metastases are somewhat greater with computed tomography than with lymphography. In the present material ultrasound was less reliable than computed tomography for demonstrating small metastases. At postoperative follow-up, in more than half of the patients computed tomography could not discriminate benign postoperative abnormalities from recurrent tumours. Ultrasound seemed to be a more reliable method for postoperative evaluation of the retroperitoneal space.
Identification of a Novel Sequence Involved in Lysosomal Sorting of the Sphingolipid Activator Protein Prosaposin*

Prosaposin is synthesized as a 53-kDa protein, post-translationally modified to a 65-kDa form and further glycosylated to a 70-kDa secretory product. The 65-kDa protein is associated to Golgi membranes and is targeted to lysosomes, where four smaller nonenzymatic saposins implicated in the hydrolysis of sphingolipids are generated by its partial proteolysis. The targeting of the 65-kDa protein to lysosomes is not mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. The Golgi apparatus appears to accomplish the molecular sorting of the 65-kDa prosaposin by decoding a signal from its amino acid backbone. This investigation deals with the characterization of the sequence involved in this process by deleting the saposin functional domains A, B, C, and D and the highly conserved N and C termini of prosaposin. The truncated cDNAs were subcloned into expression vectors and transfected to COS-7 cells. The destination of the mutated proteins was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Deletion of the C terminus did not interfere with the secretion of prosaposin but abolished its transport to lysosomes. Deletion of saposins and the N-terminal domain did not affect the lysosomal or secretory routing of prosaposin. A chimeric construct of albumin and the C terminus of prosaposin was not directed to lysosomes. However, albumin connected to the C terminus and one or more functional domains of prosaposin reached lysosomes, indicating that the C terminus and at least one saposin domain are required for this process. In summary, we are reporting a novel sequence involved in the targeting of prosaposin to lysosomes.
Risk Factors for Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis Associated with Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters

Purpose To identify clinically important risk factors associated with upper extremity venous thrombosis following peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC). Methods A retrospective case control study of 400 consecutive patients with and without upper extremity venous thrombosis post-PICC insertion was performed. Patient data included demographics, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, site of insertion, size and lumen of catheter, internal length, infusate, and co-morbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and renal failure. Additional risk factors analyzed were active cancer, any history of cancer, recent trauma, smoking, a history of prior deep vein thrombosis, and recent surgery, defined as surgery within three months prior to PICC insertion. Results The prevalence of trauma, renal failure, and infusion with antibiotics and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was higher among patients exhibiting upper extremity venous thrombosis (UEVT), when compared to controls. Patients developing UEVT were also more likely to have PICC line placement in a basilic vein and less likely to have brachial vein placement (P<.001). Left-sided PICC line sites also posed a greater risk (P=.026). The rate of standard DVT prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin and the use of warfarin was similar in both groups. Average length of hospital stay was almost double among patients developing UEVT, 19.5 days, when compared to patients undergoing PICC line insertion without thrombosis, 10.8 days (t=6.98, P<.001). Conclusions In multivariate analysis, trauma, renal failure, left-sided catheters, basilic placement, TPN, and infusion with antibiotics, specifically vancomycin, were significant risk factors for UEVT associated with PICC insertion. Prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin, unfractionated heparin or use of warfarin did not prevent the development of venous thrombosis in patients with PICCs. Length of hospital stay and cost are markedly increased in patients who develop PICC-associated upper extremity venous thrombosis.
Evaluation of the Value of Frozen Tissue Section Used as “Golden Standard” for Immunohistochemistry

To examine the traditional concept that acetone or ethanol‐fixed frozen tissue sections represent the “golden standard” for IHC, we have conducted a study evaluating frozen sections with various conditions of fixation and antigen retrieval (AR). Fresh human tissues were frozen in OCT. An adjacent tissue was fixed routinely in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE). Preparations of human cell lines were processed into frozen and FFPE cell blocks to confirm the IHC results of tissues. Frozen tissue/cell sections were fixed by 6 protocols: acetone 10 min; ethanol 10 min; NBF 30 min, & 24 hrs; NBF + CaCl2 30 min, & 24 hrs. The AR technique was used for all NBF fixed tissue sections. 26 antibodies with ABC kit, DAB, were used to generate the IHC signal.
Pediatricians' perceptions of the use of sweetened medications related to oral health.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate pediatricians' perceptions and attitudes about the use of liquid pediatric medicines and their relationship with dental caries and dental erosion. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study was conducted. Data was collected by questionnaires handed out in hospitals, medical clinics and offices. A convenience sample of 104 pediatricians was obtained. RESULTS Most respondents (80.8%) stated that pediatric medicines could be related with dental disorders. Dental caries (64.70%) and tooth discoloration (43.7%) were the most frequent mentioned alterations, while only 3 (4.2%) respondents pointed out dental erosion. A considerable number of respondents (62.50%) recognized the presence of fermentable carbohydrates as a contributing factor to tooth decay, however not all of them recommended oral hygiene after their consumption (50.80%). Besides, 48 respondents (46.20) also believed that pediatric medicines could cause dental wear. CONCLUSIONS Pediatricians in this study did not perceive the correct relationship between the presence of acidity in medicines and dental erosion; however, most of them presented a reasonable awareness about the relationship between sugared pediatric medicines and dental caries. Besides, they were unaware about the need of recommending oral hygiene after medicines' use.
Energy Resolution of Scintillation Detectors—New Observations

According to the present knowledge, the non-proportionality of the light yield of scintillators appears to be the fundamental limitation of energy resolution. However, several observations collected in the last 10 years on the influence of slow components of the light pulses on energy resolution suggest more complex processes in the scintillators. This was observed with CsI(Tl), ZnSe(Te), undoped NaI at liquid nitrogen temperature and finally for NaI(Tl) at temperatures reduced below 0degC. A common conclusion of these observations is the fact that the highest energy resolution, and particularly the intrinsic resolution measured with scintillators, characterized by two components of the light pulse decay, is obtainable when the spectrometry equipment integrates the whole light of both components. In the limiting case, the afterglow could be considered also as a very slow component destroying the energy resolution. The aim of this work is to summarize all above observations looking for their origin.
Sertoli cells in the testis of caecilians, Ichthyophis tricolor and Uraeotyphlus cf. narayani (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Light and electron microscopic perspective

The caecilians have evolved a unique pattern of cystic spermatogenesis in which cysts representing different stages in spermatogenesis coexist in a testis lobule. We examined unsettled issues relating to the organization of the caecilian testis lobules, including the occurrence of a fatty matrix, the possibility of both peripheral and central Sertoli cells, the origin of Sertoli cells from follicular cells, and the disengagement of older Sertoli cells to become loose central Sertoli cells. We subjected the testis of Ichthyophis tricolor (Ichthyophiidae) and Uraeotyphlus cf. narayani (Uraeotyphliidae) from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India, to light and transmission electron microscopic studies. Irrespective of the functional state of the testis, whether active or regressed, Sertoli cells constitute a permanent feature of the lobules. The tall Sertoli cells adherent to the basal lamina with basally located pleomorphic nuclei extend deeper into the lobule to meet at the core. There they provide for association of germ cells at different stages of differentiation, an aspect that has earlier been misconceived as the fatty matrix. Germ cells up to the 4‐cell stage remain in the intercalating region of the Sertoli cells and they are located at the apices of the Sertoli cells from the 8‐cell stage onwards. The developing germ cells are intimately associated with the Sertoli cell adherent to the basal lamina until spermiation. There are ameboid cells in the core of the lobules that appear to interact with the germ cells at the face opposite to their attachment with the Sertoli cells. Adherence of the Sertoli cells to the basal lamina is a permanent feature of the caecilian testicular lobules. The ameboid cells in the core are neither Sertoli cells nor their degeneration products. J. Morphol. 258:317–326, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Bound for Publication Bias Based on the Fraction of Unpublished Studies

Summary. Publication bias in meta‐analysis is usually modeled in terms of an accept/reject selection procedure in which the selected studies are the “published” studies and the rejected studies are the “unpublished” studies. One possible selection mechanism is to suppose that only studies that report an estimated treatment effect exceeding (or falling short of) some threshold are accepted. We show that, with appropriate choice of thresholds, this attains the maximum bias among all selection mechanisms in which the probability of selection increases with study size. It is impossible to estimate the selection mechanism from the observed studies alone: this result leads to a “worst‐case” sensitivity analysis for publication bias, which is remarkably easy to implement in practice. The method is illustrated using data on the effectiveness of prophylactic corticosteroids.