Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Mandatory Inpatient Infectious Disease Consultation on Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy

Background:Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) has had an important impact on infections historically requiring prolonged intravenous antibiotic treatment. Within the past decade, new antibiotics with oral/intravenous bioequivalence, plus recent data on infection management, have increased the potential role of the Infectious Disease (ID) consultant for OPAT. Methods:We studied the impact of mandatory ID consultation on the use and outcomes of OPAT in patients initially hospitalized. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and the Executive Committee of the Medical Staff of Baystate Medical Center. Patients older than 18 years of age being considered for discharge to home on OPAT were identified, primarily through discharge planning. Formal ID consultation was performed to determine both need for OPAT and a variety of issues regarding antibiotic choice. Thirty-day telephone follow-up determined outcomes. Data regarding demographics, outcomes, and costs were analyzed. Results:Forty-four patients received mandatory ID consultation, 39 (88.6%) of whom had some change in antibiotic recommendations. Seventeen (38.6%) were discharged on oral antibiotics, 1 (2.3%) had antibiotics discontinued, 13 (29.6%) had a change in parenteral antibiotic, 5 (11.4%) had a change in antibiotic dose, and 3 (6.8%) had a change in antibiotic duration. Follow-up demonstrated a single rehospitalization for unrelated issues. The total cost savings were $33,667.00, approximately $760.00 per patient. Charges of consults were approximately $11,970.00, still resulting in savings of close to $21,700.00, or almost $500.00 per patient. Conclusions:Mandatory ID consultation resulted in substantial cost savings and excellent outcomes.
Further studies of effects of vehicles and elicitation concentration in experimental contact sensitization testing in humans

Further confirmation of the effects of vehicles and elicitation concentration in experimental contact sensitization testing with fragrance ingredients is reported. A dose‐response relation was seen when sensitized human subjects were challenged with dihydrocoumarin, alantroot oil and diethylmalleate. Furthermore, alcohol was shown to be a more effective vehicle than petrolatum, when cinnamon bark oil, vetiver acetate and diethylmalleate were used in predictive tests. The relation of these findings to risk‐benefit judgments is discussed briefly.
The Effect of Competition Level and Banking Concentration to Systemic Risks: Indonesia Case

This article analyzes relationship between Indonesian banking competition, concentration, and systemic risk considering individual bank charateristics and state variable as control variables. This article uses Panzar-Rosse Model and Concentration Ratio to measure banking competition and CoVaR for systemic risk measurement. The empirical result shows concentration and competition increase the systemic risk. This means increasing competition leads banks to take higher risks (competition-fragility) and banks with high market power tends to charge higher interest rate thus increasing systemic risk. Net Interest Margin as control variable is statistically significant for both models. This shows further support. Size and interbank deposit ratio are significant, meanwhile, profitability, capital structure, and demand deposit to total funding ratio are not significant.
5‐HT1A and NMDA receptors interact in the rat medial septum and modulate hippocampal‐dependent spatial learning

Cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MS/vDB) projecting to the hippocampus, constitute the septohippocampal projection, which is important for hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory. There is also evidence for an extrinsic as well as an intrinsic glutamatergic network within the MS/vDB. GABAergic and cholinergic septohippocampal neurons express the serotonergic 5‐HT1A receptor and most likely also glutamatergic NMDA receptors. The aim of the present study was to examine whether septal 5‐HT1A receptors are important for hippocampal‐dependent long‐term memory and whether these receptors interact with glutamatergic NMDA receptor transmission in a manner important for hippocampal‐dependent spatial memory. Intraseptal infusion of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist (R)‐8‐OH‐DPAT (1 or 4 μg/rat) did not affect spatial learning in the water maze task but impaired emotional memory in the passive avoidance task at the higher dose tested (4 μg/rat). While intraseptal administration of (R)‐8‐OH‐DPAT (4 μg) combined with a subthreshold dose of the NMDA receptor antagonist D‐AP5 (1 μg) only marginally affected spatial acquisition, it produced a profound impairment in spatial memory. In conclusion, septal 5‐HT1A receptors appears to play a more prominent role in emotional than in spatial memory. Importantly, septal 5‐HT1A and NMDA receptors appear to interact in a manner, which is particularly critical for the expression or retrieval of hippocampal‐dependent long‐term spatial memory. It is proposed that NMDA receptor hypofunction in the septal area may unmask a negative effect of 5‐HT1A receptor activation on memory, which may be clinically relevant. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing purchase intent in virtual worlds: a review of the literature

Abstract Previous empirical studies have identified several factors that seem to play a role in determining purchase intent in virtual worlds; three-dimensional online environments in which users interact while represented by their avatars. So far however, a clear overview of these factors is lacking, and the question that remains is what factors affect purchase intent most. Therefore, this study aims to create an overview of factors that influence users’ purchase intent in virtual worlds, and to subsequently identify the most influential factors. To conduct this review, relevant literature was gathered using a variety of search engines and keywords. An article had to explicitly study factors influencing purchase intent in virtual worlds in order to be included in this review. This search method resulted in a selection of twelve relevant articles that were used for further analysis. Results show that perceived enjoyment, social influence, customization and ease of use are important factors that influence purchase intent in virtual worlds. Enjoyment of the virtual world, beliefs and attitudes of others, avatar customization, and easy-to-use virtual world applications can thus increase users’ willingness to purchase products in the virtual world. Practical implications as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Learning from Best practices of Business incubation of high-tech start-ups

The business incubation, successfully implemented in several countries. The business incubation of start-ups shows different output in countries with different institutional setting and different intensity of market turbulence: innovation driven economy in Finland, new EU member innovation-oriented Hungary and most turbulent economy in Russia. We interviewed the high-tech start-ups in Finland, Hungary and Russia, to study the actual practices of technology start-ups incubation and to analyse the problems which can be overcome by successful incubation. Business incubators play the same role in different countries, but they have different services and the companies' perceptions of the incubators' services is different. This study contributes to the research stream of NISs and implementing business incubators for boosting the innovations by creating favourable growth conditions for technology start-ups. Study also formulates policy recommendation on benchmarking the successful business incubation practices when technology start-ups growth is the aim of innovation policy.
PERAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING MEMEDIASI PENGARUH ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEMASARAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on performance marketing mediated competitive advantage. Research was conducted on the retail clothing store owner in the form of small-scale outlets (outlet) clothing boutiques. The sample size of 105 respondents, by using non-probability shaped sampling. Teknik incidental and purposive analysis of the data used is Path Analysis and Sobel test. Based on the analysis it was found that the regression model used in compliance with the assumptions of classical test. This study found that 1) Orientation Entrepreneurship positive and significant effect on the Competitive Advantage; 2) Competitive Advantage positive and significant effect on marketing performance; 3) Orientation Entrepreneurship positive and significant effect on marketing performance; 4) Competitive Advantage proved to be positive and significant mediating effect on the Performance Marketing Entrepreneurship Orientation.
H(+)-coupled uphill transport of the dipeptide glycylsarcosine by bovine intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles.

In monogastric species, a considerable portion of amino acid nitrogen is absorbed across the brush-border membrane of the small intestine as small peptides (e.g., tripeptides and dipeptides). In ruminants, however, this process is less clear. Therefore, we investigated the uptake of radioactively labeled glycylsarcosine as a model dipeptide across the intestinal brush-border membrane using brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from the bovine small intestine. Uphill transport of glycylsarcosine was energized by a transmembrane H+ gradient and was further stimulated by an electrical potential difference across the membrane. Transport mediated by a carrier contributes to total glycylsarcosine transport across the brush-border membrane. Comparison of the apparent kinetic constants between brush-border membranes prepared from the proximal jejunum or ileum revealed similar half-saturating substrate concentrations (1.28 and 0.93 mmol/L for proximal jejunum and ileum, respectively), but maximal transport rates appeared to be somewhat higher in the proximal small intestine (2.15 and 1.20 nmol/mg of protein per 3 s for proximal jejunum and ileum, respectively). Uptake of glycylsarcosine was strongly inhibited by other dipeptides, but the amino acids glycine and sarcosine did not affect transport. Inhibition of glycylsarcosine uptake by cephalexin indicated an affinity of the carrier for cephalosporin antibiotics. Transport of intact dipeptides across the brush-border membrane of the small intestine might be of physiological importance in ruminants because the microbial and dietary proteins resistant to rumen degradation are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.
Variability in transfusion practice for coronary artery bypass surgery persists despite national consensus guidelines: a 24-institution study. Institutions of the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.

BACKGROUND An estimated 20% of allogeneic blood transfusions in the United States are associated with cardiac surgery. National consensus guidelines for allogeneic transfusion associated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have existed since the mid- to late 1980s. The appropriateness and uniformity of institutional transfusion practice was questioned in 1991. An assessment of current transfusion practice patterns was warranted. METHODS The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia database consists of comprehensive information on the course of surgery in 2,417 randomly selected patients undergoing CABG surgery at 24 institutions. A subset of 713 patients expected to be at low risk for transfusion was examined. Allogeneic transfusion was evaluated across institutions. Institution as an independent risk factor for allogeneic transfusion was determined in a multivariable model. RESULTS Significant variability in institutional transfusion practice was observed for allogeneic packed red blood cells (PRBCs) (27-92% of patients transfused) and hemostatic blood components (platelets, 0-36%; fresh frozen plasma, 0-36%; cryoprecipitate, 0-17% of patients transfused). For patients at institutions with liberal rather than conservative transfusion practice, the odds ratio for transfusion of PRBCs was 6.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-10.8) and for hemostatic blood components it was 2 (95% CI, 1.2-3.4). Institution was an independent determinant of transfusion risk associated with CABG surgery. CONCLUSIONS Institutions continue to vary significantly in their transfusion practices for CABG surgery. A more rational and conservative approach to transfusion practice at the institutional level is warranted.
Clinical and molecular analysis of children with central pulverulent cataract from the Arabian Peninsula

Aim To clinically and genetically characterise central pulverulent cataract in a consecutive cohort of children from the Arabian Peninsula who were referred for ophthalmic evaluation. Methods Ophthalmic examination, homozygosity mapping in a consanguineous family and candidate gene analysis. Results All 16 children (4–16 years old, mean 9 years; seven girls and nine boys from 10 families) had bilateral central nuclear dust-like lenticular opacities. Two patients (one family) had cortical riders and six had associated strabismus. Cycloplegic retinoscopy was usually hyperopic (13/16; right eye spherical equivalent +0.50 to +6.25 dioptres, mean +3.50) but was sometimes myopic (3/16; right eye spherical equivalent −0.50 to −11.75, mean −6.50). In children with amblyopia (5/16), the cause was significant uncorrected ametropias rather than the lens opacities. Three patients had uncomplicated unilateral cataract surgery suggested by an outside second opinion that did not improve best-corrected visual acuity. Homozygosity mapping for one consanguineous family suggested the candidate gene CRYBB1. Sequencing of this gene revealed a homozygous c.171del mutation (p.N58Tfs*107) with a shared haplotype in all 16 children. In asymptomatic carrier parents from five of the six families available for careful slit-lamp examination, occasional central dot lenticular opacities were documented. Conclusions Central pulverulent cataract in this consanguineous population does not significantly impact visual acuity during early childhood, can be associated with significant ametropias (with amblyopia and/or strabismus) and is specific for a homozygous CRYBB1 founder mutation. Primary management in children is typically spectacle correction based on cycloplegic retinoscopy to treat significant refractive error rather than paediatric cataract surgery.
'Exchange Rate Risk' within the European Monetary Union? Analyzing the Exchange Rate Exposure of German Firms

In this paper we show that inflation differentials among the countries in the European Monetary Union (EMU) are an economically significant risk to German firms, which make up the largest economy in the EMU. This risk can be interpreted as real “exchange rate exposure” resulting from trade within the euro area. Actually, we find that this EMU exposure is nearly as high as the standard exchange rate exposure caused by trade with non-EMU countries. Moreover, our analysis shows that many of the conventional factors that drive firm-specific exchange rate risk, such as size, debt ratio, asset turnover and foreign business activity, also determine EMU exposure in an economically meaningful way. However, EMU exposure challenges firms’ risk management, particularly as it cannot be reduced by standard financial hedging instruments such as currency derivatives.
Cross-reactivity of anti-chicken IgY antibody with immunoglobulins of exotic avian species.

BACKGROUND A major challenge in the serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases in exotic birds is the limited availability of species-specific antibodies. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to determine if there is cross reactivity between commercially available anti-chicken IgY antibodies and immunoglobulins of several avian species, with particular emphasis on psittacines. METHODS To quantitate the reactivity with anti-chicken IgY, Western blot analysis was performed using plasma samples from many different avian species. Results were compared with gamma globulin fraction quantitation obtained by protein electrophoresis. RESULTS By Western blot, 2 protein bands corresponding to the heavy and light chains of chicken IgY were identified in species from 21 avian orders using 1 of 2 rabbit anti-chicken IgY antibodies. Densitometric analysis showed that the amount of immunoglobulin estimated from Western blots correlated strongly with data from protein electrophoresis assays. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that some commercially available anti-chicken IgY antibodies exhibit good cross-reactivity with most avian species.
6.7 A 28Gb/s digital CDR with adaptive loop gain for optimum jitter tolerance

As we move to higher data rates, the performance of clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits becomes increasingly important in maintaining low bit error rates (BER) in wireline links. Digital CDRs are popular in part for their robustness, but their use of bang-bang phase detectors (BB-PD) makes their performance sensitive to changes in jitter caused by PVT variations, crosstalk or power supply noise. This is because the gain of a BB-PD depends on the CDR input jitter, causing the loop gain of the CDR to change if the jitter magnitude or spectrum varies. This problem is illustrated in Fig. 6.7. 1 where small jitter leads to excessive loop gain and hence to an underdamped behaviour in the CDR jitter tolerance (JTOL), while large jitter leads to insufficient loop gain and hence to low overall JTOL. To prevent this, we propose a CDR with an adaptive loop gain, KG, as shown in Fig. 6.7. 1.
Using Google Glass in Surgical Settings: Systematic Review

Background In recent years, wearable devices have become increasingly attractive and the health care industry has been especially drawn to Google Glass because of its ability to serve as a head-mounted wearable device. The use of Google Glass in surgical settings is of particular interest due to the hands-free device potential to streamline workflow and maintain sterile conditions in an operating room environment. Objective The aim is to conduct a systematic evaluation of the literature on the feasibility and acceptability of using Google Glass in surgical settings and to assess the potential benefits and limitations of its application. Methods The literature was searched for articles published between January 2013 and May 2017. The search included the following databases: PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO (EBSCO), and IEEE Xplore. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed full-text articles. Original research articles that evaluated the feasibility, usability, or acceptability of using Google Glass in surgical settings were included. This review was completed following the Preferred Reporting Results of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results Of the 520 records obtained, 31 met all predefined criteria and were included in this review. Google Glass was used in various surgical specialties. Most studies were in the United States (23/31, 74%) and all were conducted in hospital settings: 29 in adult hospitals (29/31, 94%) and two in children’s hospitals (2/31, 7%). Sample sizes of participants who wore Google Glass ranged from 1 to 40. Of the 31 studies, 25 (81%) were conducted under real-time conditions or actual clinical care settings, whereas the other six (19%) were conducted under simulated environment. Twenty-six studies were pilot or feasibility studies (84%), three were case studies (10%), and two were randomized controlled trials (6%). The majority of studies examined the potential use of Google Glass as an intraoperative intervention (27/31, 87%), whereas others observed its potential use in preoperative (4/31, 13%) and postoperative settings (5/31, 16%). Google Glass was utilized as a videography and photography device (21/31, 68%), a vital sign monitor (6/31, 19%), a surgical navigation display (5/31, 16%), and as a videoconferencing tool to communicate with remote surgeons intraoperatively (5/31, 16%). Most studies reported moderate or high acceptability of using Google Glass in surgical settings. The main reported limitations of using Google Glass utilization were short battery life (8/31, 26%) and difficulty with hands-free features (5/31, 16%). Conclusions There are promising feasibility and usability data of using Google Glass in surgical settings with particular benefits for surgical education and training. Despite existing technical limitations, Google Glass was generally well received and several studies in surgical settings acknowledged its potential for training, consultation, patient monitoring, and audiovisual recording.
Leukocyte-mediated lysis of infected hepatocytes during listeriosis occurs in mice depleted of NK cells or CD4+ CD8+ Thy1.2+ T cells

An important early component of defense against listeriosis in mice is the lysis of infected hepatocytes by leukocytes that accumulate at foci of infection in the liver. This serves to release Listeria monocytogenes from permissive parenchymal cells for ingestion and inactivation by phagocytic cells. It is shown here that lysis of infected hepatocytes is as extensive in mice depleted of T cells or NK cells as it is in control mice. This supports the original interpretation that hepatocyte lysis is mediated mainly by neutrophils.
Modeling HTTP service times

The service time distribution is a fundamental parameter in analysis and simulation models. However, the distribution of the service times of Web servers and caches is not well understood. As a consequence, in many studies on Web server scheduling and task assignment, the service times have been assumed as directly proportional to the size of the file transferred. But Web transfers of the same size may experience different service times due to dynamic characteristics such as server load, network traffic and client connectivity. In this paper we present models for both the service time and the file size of Web cache transfers. Our goal is to compare both empirical distributions, exploring the correlation between them. Our results are based on recent logs from NLANR. We show that both variables may be modeled by the log-normal distribution but with different parameters.