Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraintestinal manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Is there effective liver therapy?

Hepatobiliary diseases are common in IBD patients, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, sclerosing cholangitis of the small bile ducts, cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, fatty liver and cholelithiasis. PSC is the most common of these diseases, with an incidence ranging from 2.5% to 7.5%. It usually progresses insidiously and finally leads to cirrhosis independent of inflammatory bowel disease activity. The probability of cholangiocarcinoma is very high in PSC patients and the prognosis is dismal. There is an elevated risk of developing colon cancer in patients with PSC. Medical therapy has not proven successful in slowing disease progression or prolonging survival in PSC. Endoscopic therapy is recommended for treating complications of recurrent cholangitis or worsening jaundice in cases of dominant stricture, but these approaches have not been definitely demonstrated to improve survival or decrease the need for liver transplantation. Liver transplantation remains the therapy of choice for patients with advanced liver disease.
Neglected intrapelvic dislocation of femoral head

A 40-year-old man sustained trauma while walking and presented three months after trauma. The attitude of left hip was flexion, neutral rotation, and neutral abduction/adduction with an arc of flexion available from 30° to 90°. No movement was possible in other planes. On roentgenogram and 3D computed tomography, the femoral head was lying inferior and medial to the acetabulum, and it was in the same coronal plane of the acetabulum, neither anterior nor posterior, within the pelvic cavity. An indentation over the superolateral half of femoral head was observed. The acetabulum was found intact except for a small defect in the inferior aspect of its medial wall. Cemented total hip replacement was done without any need to reconstruct the acetabulum, and at the two years follow-up, the patient was having a pain-free, stable hip and was able to walk unaided. We hereby report a late presentation of intrapelvic dislocation of hip in view of rarity.
Themed Review: Clinical Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Youth

National recommendations call for children and adolescents to accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity on most days of the week and for physicians to counsel their patients about physical activity. Physical inactivity tracks from childhood into adulthood, and among youth, it is associated with unfavorable risk factor profiles that promote the development of cardiovascular and metabolic chronic diseases. Few studies of clinical interventions to promote physical activity in children and youth have been published, and the paucity of evidence describing effective interventions and significant barriers limit delivery of counseling. However, existing studies provide evidence about elements of counseling most likely to be effective to guide clinical interventions and inform future research. Based on a literature review, this article offers guidance for incorporating physical activity promotion into clinical care, identifies gaps in current evidence, and suggests methodologic considerations for future research.
Role of suture anchors in management of fractures of inferior pole of patella

Background The traditional recommendation for displaced comminuted inferior pole fractures is excision of the comminuted pole followed by reattachment of the patellar tendon with transosseous suture. To the best of our knowledge there has been no previous published study mentioning the use of suture anchors for fracture inferior pole of patella. We present a retrospective analysis of five cases of patients doing well at final follow-up of two years. Materials and Methods Five patients treated at our institute using suture anchors for repair of comminuted inferior pole fractures of patella between January 2007 to March 2007. (range 28 years-55 years). There were three males and two females. Results The average follow-up was 25 months (range 24 months-26 months). The patients were evaluated for range of motion, strength, patellofemoral scores and any alteration of patellar height. The outcome of the procedure was assessed with use of the patellofemoral scoring system of Noyes et al ,^5 as adapted by Saltzman et al . ^6 The final patellofemoral score (maximum 100 points) was 94.6 (range 93-96). Conclusion We believe it is a novel extended indication of the use of suture anchors and should be in the armament of every trauma surgeon.
Focus on TILs: Prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in human bladder cancer.

Human colorectal cancer tissues are infiltrated by various immune/inflammatory cells, usually along the invasive margin. These responses tend be regarded as “non-specific”. However, it is now clear that these cellular responses, particularly lymphocytic reactions, are independent prognostic factors for a better survival. Immunohistochemical subset analyses have generally disclosed that the number of T-lymphocytes is important. The effects of these T cells tend to be more manifest when the observation periods are longer. These data suggest that some degrees of anti-tumor immunity exist in human colorectal carcinomas. However, human tumors are generally composed of various histologic subtypes, which sometimes complicates these analyses and simple explanations may be misleading. Considered with precaution, these morphologic analyses on immune cell subtypes are important tools to understand the immune responses in human cancers. This article was published in Cancer Immunity, a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research.
Reliability of ultrasonographic measurements in suspected patients of developmental dysplasia of the hip and correlation with the acetabular index

Background: Ultrasonography is accepted as a useful imaging modality in the early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Early detection and early treatment of DDH prevents hip dislocation and related physical, social, economic, and psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of ultrasonographic and roentgenographic measurements measured by seven different observers. Materials and Methods: The alpha angles of 66 hips in 33 patients were measured using the Graf method by seven different observers. Acetabular index degrees on plane roentgenograms were measured in order to assess the correlation between the ultrasonographic alpha angle and the radiographic acetabular index, which both show the bony acetabular depth, retrospectively. Results: The interclass correlation coefficient, measuring the interobserver reliability, was high and statistically signifcant for the ultrasonographic measurements. There was a negative correlation between the alpha angle and the acetabular index. Conclusions: Ultrasonography, when applied properly, is a reliable technique between different observers, in the diagnosis and follow up of DDH. When assessed concomitantly with the roentgenographic measurements, the results are reliable and statistically meaningful.
Scoliosis after thoracotomy/sternotomy in children with congenital heart disease

Context: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients bear a higher risk of scoliosis during their lifetime compared to their normal counterparts. On the other hand, operation on chest wall has been shown to increase the risk of scoliosis. However, the data are inconclusive. The present retrospective analysis is undertaken to determine the frequency of post-thoracotomy/sternotomy scoliosis in children with CHD. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty children with CHD who underwent thoracotomy/sternotomy and had a minimum followup of 3 years in a teaching center from 1997 to 2010 were recruited. After operation, all the patients were regularly examined for the development of scoliosis. 102 patients underwent thoracotomy and 78 sternotomy. Student’s t test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Eighty-eight males and 92 females with a mean age of 9.95 ± 2.31 (range: 5–15) years were enrolled. The mean age at operation was 2.59 ± 1.66 (range: 0–9) years and the mean follow-up period was 7.36 ± 2.12 (range: 5–13) years. Scoliosis was confirmed in two patients (1.1%): 1 (1%) in the thoracotomy group (a 12-year-old female operated 2 years earlier with a spinal 22° convexity to the right and 78° kyphosis) and another (1.1%) in the sternotomy group (an 8-year-old female operated during her neonatal period with a spinal 23° convexity to the left). Conclusion: Scoliosis is not a common finding among the operated children with CHD in our center.
Prophylactic bioactive screw fixation as an alternative augmentation for femoroplasty

Abstract Femoroplasty is theoretically a prophylactic surgical procedure for femoral neck fracture. Although bone cement is generally used for augmentation, its distribution cannot be easily controlled. This study investigated whether a bioactive screw is feasible for femoroplasty as an alternative augmentation material. A mechanical test was done to compare the strength of four types of augmentation bioactive screw (Superfixsorb), two bioinert cements, or no intervention in a composite femoral bone. The peak load to fracture under simulated falling was compared among the four groups. The mean peak load to failure in the bioactive screw group (2667 N) was significantly higher than that in the intact group (2391 N) (p=0.028), comparable to that in the Simplex P cement group (2864 N) (p=0.11), and significantly lower than that of the cranioplastic cement group (3022 N) (p=0.006). The strength of a composite femur with the bioactive screw was higher than that of an intact bone and comparable to one cement augmentation. Thus, this bioactive screw can be potentially used as augmentation material for femoroplasty.
A retrospective analysis of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy for varus osteoarthritic knee

Background Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) has proven to be an effective treatment for varus osteoarthritic knees. Various methods of fixation with different implant types and using either bone grafts or bone substitutes have been reported. We performed non-locking T-buttress plate fixation with autologous iliac bone graft augmentation, which is defined here as the traditional method, and locking compression plate fixation without any bone graft or bone substitute. We aimed to compare bone union and complications of these two MOWHTO techniques. Materials and Methods Between June 2005 and December 2007, 50 patients who underwent MOWHTO (a total of 60 knees) were retrospectively reviewed and classified into two groups: group A, which consisted of 26 patients (30 knees) was treated using T-buttress plate fixation with autologous iliac bone graft augmentation and group B, which consisted of 24 patients (30 knees) was operated upon using a medial high tibial locking compression plate without any augmentation. Demographic characteristics and radiographic outcomes, including union rate, time to union, medial osteotomy defects, and complications, were collected and compared between the two groups. The progress of all patients was followed for at least 2 years. Results All osteotomies united within 12 weeks after surgery. Group B had slightly longer time to union than group A (10.3 weeks and 9.5 weeks, respectively; P = 0.125). A significantly higher incidence of medial defects after osteotomy was reported in the locking compression plate group ( P = 0.001). A total of 5 (8.3%) knees had complications. In group A, one knee had a superficial wound infection and another knee had a lateral tibial plateau fracture without significant loss of correction. In group B, one knee had screw penetration into the knee joint and two knees had local irritation that required the removal of the hardware. Conclusion Locking compression plate fixation without the use of bone grafts or bone substitutes provides a satisfactory union rate and an acceptable complication rate when compared to the traditional MOWHTO technique. Thus, we recommend using this technique for treating unicompartmental medial knee osteoarthritis.
Evolution of the G+C Content Frontier in the Rat Cytomegalovirus Genome

Within the 230138 bp of the rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) genome, the G+C content changes abruptly at position 142644, constituting a G+C content frontier. To the left of this point, overall G+C content is 69.2%, and to the right it is only 47.6%. A region of extremely low G+C content (33.8%) is found in the 5 kb immediately to the right of the frontier, in which there are no predicted coding sequences. To the right of position 147501, the G+C content rises and predicted coding sequences reappear. However, these genes are much shorter (average 848 bp, 50% G+C) than those in the left two-thirds of the genome (average 1462 bp, 70% G+C). Whole genome alignment of several viruses indicates that the initial ultra-low G+C region appeared in the common ancestor of the genera Cytomegalovirus and Muromegalovirus, and that the lowering of G+C in the right third has been a subsequent process in the lineage leading to RCMV. The left two-thirds of RCMV has stop codon occurrences at 67.5% of their expected level, based on a modified Markov chain model of stop codon distribution, and the corresponding figure for the right third is 78%. Therefore, despite heavy mutation pressure, selective constraint has operated in the right third of the RCMV genome to maintain a degree of gene length unusual for such low G+C sequences.
Application of multiple regression analysis in optimization of anastrozole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles

Abstract The present investigation deals with development of anastrozole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternate to conventional cancer therapy. The NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and optimized using multiple regression analysis. Independent variables included drug:polymer ratio (X1), polymer concentration in organic phase (X2) and surfactant concentration in aqueous phase (X3) while dependent variables were percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and particle size (PS). Results of desirability criteria, check point analysis and normalized error were considered for selecting the formulation with highest PDE and lowest PS. Prepared NPs were characterized for zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro drug release studies. DSC and TEM studies indicated absence of any drug–polymer interaction and spherical nature of NPs, respectively. In vitro drug release showed biphasic pattern exhibiting Fickian diffusion-based release mechanism. This delivery system of anastrozole is expected to reduce the side effects associated with the conventional cancer therapy by reducing dosing frequency.
A bibliometric analysis of bipolar affective disorders using density-equalizing mapping and output benchmarking

Background: Bipolar affective disorder (BaD) has a great impact on health systems worldwide. Although bibliometric studies have been done on this subject, these studies did not do an analysis of the contents of papers, the cooperation between countries, or of the names currently used to describe the condition. Furthermore, the number of publications since the last bibliometric study has doubled. Aim: This study was to examine the recent developments in the field, explore main topics/subject areas of the top 10 authors in this research field, and to compare diagnosis-defined data between International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Materials and Methods: Using distinct search terms, the Web of Science database developed by the Thompson Reuters Institute of Scientific Information was scanned for relevant items published between 1900 and 2008. Results were analyzed using scientometric methods and density-equalizing calculations. Results: We found an important increase of publications on the subject over the last decade. Most published studies came from North America and Europe, while the countries cooperating with each other were comparable to other areas of medical research. Although there has been an increase in publications on BaD (m=3.3 publications per year in the last decade), the number of works using the term bipolar disorder (BD) was considerably higher (m=141.8 publications per year in the last decade). We found that the subject areas, genetics and pharmacology were focuses of research for the 10 most prolific authors, all of whom where psychiatrists. Conclusion: Research interest in BaD is rising. Reflecting the two main disease classification systems, DSM and ICD, both terms BD and BaD are used in research, with a preponderance of the former. The research of the most prolific authors engages genetic and pharmacological questions.
EZSCAN™ a new technology to detect diabetes risk:

Key to putting prevention of diabetes into practice is finding the people with increased risk. Several tools are currently in use: oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose measurement and a number of questionnaires to identify those with increased risk. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. One new tool that can identify those with increased diabetes risk is the EZSCAN™. This new diagnostic device developed by Impeto Medical uses the sweat gland function to detect risk for insulin resistance and diabetes. The basic pathophysiology behind this technology is supported by the growing number of clinical studies worldwide which show a strong association between small nerve neuropathies to insulin resistance and diabetes risk. Because the EZSCAN™ test takes only three minutes to run, is noninvasive and easy to operate, it is an ideal diagnostic tool for both the medical and paramedical setting. Several applications are possible: the EZSCAN™ can be used to monitor insulin resistance-based treatment, to diagnose increased diabetes risk and to aid proposing diabetes prevention programmes. EZSCAN™ has the potential to become a very useful tool in diabetes risk diagnostics. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2011;11:204-209
Randomized clinical trial of yoga-based intervention in residents from elderly homes: Effects on cognitive function

Context: Elderly have increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. Yoga therapy may be helpful in elderly to improve cognitive function. Aims: We examined the benefits of yoga-based intervention compared with waitlist control group on cognitive function in the residents of elderly homes. Settings and Design: Single blind controlled study with block randomization of elderly homes. Materials and Methods: Study sample included yoga group (n=62) and waitlist group (n=58). A total of 87 subjects (yoga=44, waitlist=43) completed the study period of 6 months. Yoga group received daily yoga sessions for 1 month, weekly until 3rd month and encouraged to continue unsupervised until 6 months. They were assessed on Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Rey's complex figure test (CFT), Wechsler's Memory Scale (WMS)-digit and spatial span, Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test, Stroop Color Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test A and B at baseline and at the end of 6th month. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the difference in neuropsychological test scores. Results: Yoga group showed significant improvement in immediate and delayed recall of verbal (RAVLT) and visual memory (CFT), attention and working memory (WMS-spatial span), verbal fluency (COWA), executive function (Stroop interference) and processing speed (Trail Making Test-A) than waitlist group at the end of 6 months after correcting for corresponding baseline score and education. Conclusion: Yoga based-intervention appears beneficial to improve several domains of cognitive function in elderly living in residential care homes. Study findings need to be interpreted after considering methodological limitations like lack of active comparison group.
Yoga increases the volume of the hippocampus in elderly subjects

Context: The neurobiological effect of yoga on the cortical structures in the elderly is as yet unknown. Materials and Methods: Seven healthy elderly subjects received yoga intervention as an add-on life-style practice. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained before and 6 months later. Voxel-based-morphometric analyses compared the brains before and after the yoga. Results: Yoga group was found to have increases in hippocampal, but not in occipital gray matter. Conclusion: Yoga has potential to reduce neuro-senescence. Small sample size and absence of the control group prevent generalization of the findings limiting its translational value.
Prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity and health related quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Psychiatric morbidity and Health Related Quality of Life (Hr-QoL) in Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) are relatively less studied in our country. Aims: This cross-sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the common psychiatric disorders and Hr-QoL in IHD. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and thirty patients with IHD were evaluated for psychiatric morbidity and Hr-QoL. Tools used were SCID-1, Euro QoL-5D, and Socio-demographic data sheet. The data were analyzed using SPSS v 10.0 software, Chi-square test, T-test, ANOVA were used as needed. Results: Psychiatric morbidity was assessed using psychiatric assessment schedule SCID-I for generating diagnosis as per DSM-IV criteria. Major depressive disorder was found in 34.6% (n=45) patients. 23.8% (n=31) patients had a diagnosis of depression due to general medical condition. Anxiety disorder due to general medical condition was present in 36.9% (n=48) patients. Around 95.4% of patients reported psychiatric symptoms, either depression or anxiety. Though widely disputed, low educational status was reported as significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity in IHD. Female sex of the patient and the presence of diabetes mellitus were associated with psychiatric morbidity in a significant manner. Majority of patients with poor quality of life were in the domain of anxiety/depression. Conclusion: The findings of our study reveal a high rate of psychiatric morbidity and impaired quality of life in IHD Patients.
Glucagon-like peptide-2-loaded microspheres as treatment for ulcerative colitis in the murine model

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinal hormone that promotes intestinal growth, but the rapid degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV limits its applications. PLGA microsphere is a well-developed drug delivery system, while seldom been studied as a solution for prolonging in vivo effects of GLP-2. In this study, we encapsulated porcine GLP-2 (pGLP-2) into microspheres and investigated its therapeutic effects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. pGLP-2 microspheres showed 20.36% in initial burst and constant release for at least 9 d. In the DSS-treated mice, a single injection of GLP-2 microspheres significantly increased the body weight, colonic length, small intestinal weight and mRNA expression of Occludin, decreased the colonic damage score, mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ. In conclusion, pGLP-2 microspheres were resistant to degradation and decreased the severity of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis which suggested that GLP-2-loaded microspheres could be a proper candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.