Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) - A support vector machine classification of galaxies, stars, and AGNs

Aims. The aim of this work is to develop a comprehensive method for classifying sources in large sky surveys and to apply the techniques to the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Using the optical (u ∗ ,g � ,r � ,i � ) and near-infrared (NIR) data (z � , Ks), we develop a classifier, based on broad-band photometry, for identifying stars, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and galaxies, thereby improving the purity of the VIPERS sample. Methods. Support vector machine (SVM) supervised learning algorithms allow the automatic classification of objects into two or more classes based on a multidimensional parameter space. In this work, we tailored the SVM to classifying stars, AGNs, and galaxies and applied this classification to the VIPERS data. We trained the SVM using spectroscopically confirmed sources from the VIPERS and VVDS surveys. Results. We tested two SVM classifiers and concluded that including NIR data can significantly improve the efficiency of the classifier. The self-check of the best optical + NIR classifier has shown 97% accuracy in the classification of galaxies, 97% for stars, and 95% for AGNs in the 5-dimensional colour space. In the test of VIPERS sources with 99% redshift confidence, the classifier gives an accuracy equal to 94% for galaxies, 93% for stars, and 82% for AGNs. The method was applied to sources with low-quality spectra to verify their classification, hence increasing the security of measurements for almost 4900 objects. Conclusions. We conclude that the SVM algorithm trained on a carefully selected sample of galaxies, AGNs, and stars outperforms simple colour–colour selection methods and can be regarded as a very efficient classification method particularly suitable for modern large surveys.
Breast cancer: Knowledge and perceptions of Chinese women in Hong Kong

This study explored the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and employed the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine the perception and barriers of breast cancer screenings of Hong Kong Chinese women using a structured questionnaire. Of the 496 respondents, 70.8% and 77.0% considered a family history of breast cancer and prior history of benign beast problems as risk factors respectively. However, over 40% were unsure of other risk factors including age, early age at menstruation, late age at menopause, childlessness and oral contraceptive use. About 80% regarded breast cancer as a serious illness and 88.7% acknowledged that both mammography and breast self examination (BSE) could help early detection of the disease. Nevertheless about 68% had never had a mammogram, and the most important perceived barriers were not knowing how the test was done (81.3%) and the cost (63.0%). Only 31.9% did not practice BSE, and not knowing how to perform BSE was the primary perceived barrier.
Cahier 01-2005 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNDER ALTERNATIVE TRADE REGIMES

How does openness affect economic development? This question is answered in the context of a dynamic general equilibrium model of the world economy, where countries have technological differences that are both sector-neutral and specific to the investment goods sector. Relative to a benchmark case of trade in credit markets only, consider (i) a complete restriction of trade, and (ii) a full liberalization of trade. The first change decreases the cross-sectional dispersion of incomes only slightly, and produces a relatively small welfare loss. The second change, instead, decreases dispersion by a significant amount, and produces a very large welfare gain. (JEL E13, F43, O11, O30)
Characterizing Upward Lightning With and Without a Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash

We compare two observations of gamma rays before, during, and after lightning flashes initiated by upward leaders from a tower during low‐altitude winter thunderstorms on the western coast of Honshu, Japan. While the two leaders appear similar, one produced a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) so bright that it paralyzed the gamma ray detectors while it was occurring and could be observed only via the weaker flux of neutrons created in its wake, while the other produced no detectable TGF gamma rays at all. The ratio between the indirectly derived gamma ray fluence for the TGF and the 95% confidence gamma ray upper limit for the gamma ray quiet flash is a factor of 1.0 × 107. With the only two observations of this type providing such dramatically different results—a TGF probably as bright as those seen from space and a powerful upper limit—we recognize that weak, subluminous TGFs in this situation are probably not common, and we quantify this conclusion. While the gamma ray quiet flash appeared to have a faster leader and more powerful initial continuous current pulse than the flash that produced a TGF, the TGF‐producing flash occurred during a weak gamma ray glow, while the gamma ray quiet flash did not, implying a higher electric field aloft when the TGF was produced. We suggest that the field in the high‐field region approached by a leader may be more important for whether a TGF is produced than the characteristics of the leader itself.
On the theory of mass-loss in dwarf galaxies - I. Basic equations and the case of wave/thermal driven winds

In this work we present a semi-analytical model of galactic wind for dwarf galaxies where thermal and turbulent/momemtum driving mechanisms are studied. The model takes into account wave and internal adiabatic heating mechanisms, as well as radiative and adiabatic cooling. The importance of external sources of energy is discussed. We also studied the role of the spatial distribution of dark matter in the acceleration of the wind and on the mass loss rates. The basic model parameters that regulate the wind mass loss rate and terminal velocity are the gravitational potential profile, the equilibrium temperature of the gas and the amplitude of the turbulent motions of the gas. We found that dwarf galaxies are likely to present quasi-stationary winds with mass loss rates larger than $10^{-3}$M$_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$ even in the absence of turbulent motions (which is possibly related to the SNe feedback), if the interstellar gas is heated to $T > 10^4 - 10^5$K. We also found that the wind mass loss rate is enhanced for cusped dark matter distributions, such as the NFW-profile, due to the increased pressure gradients at the center of the galaxy. The solutions presented here may serve as benchmarks for numerical simulations, and as inputs for single zone chemical evolution models of dwarf galaxies.
Estimated Direct Costs of Patients Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in the Mexican Social Security Institute. Winter Season, 2013-2014

Objective: To estimate the direct cost in patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory infection, 2013-2014 winter season. Material and methods: We analyzed data on all hospitalizations with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza and the days of hospital stay per patient were determined, according to the level of medical care; so the cost bed/day unit cost of 1) was added a query emergency, 2) a survey of basic clinical laboratory, 3) a chest radiograph, 4) antiviral treatment and 5) confirmatory laboratory diagnosis; by a rising cost of illness approach. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. Results: 13,242 cases were reported, of which 3,214 were excluded and removed, the universe of study was 10,028 inpatients. The costs in secondary care were $874,848,088 (US$66,608,910), while in third level was $37,435,173 (US$2,850,227), making the total cost was $912,283,262 (US$69,459,137). By delegation, there was heterogeneity in costs and days stay. Conclusions: It essential to establish appropriate preventive interventions and perform a comprehensive patient care.
Nanophotonics for optical super resolution from an information theoretical perspective: a review

Optical super resolution is one of the most applicable as well as scientifically exciting field of optics dealing with imaging and aiming to improve the spatial resolvable capabilities of any imaging system (digital or ophthalmic) without modifying the optical parameters of the imaging lenses or the geometry of the detection array. Recent developments in nanotechnological fabrication capabilities open new doors of possibilities in fulfilling modified and improved super resolving configurations. Fundamental concepts for obtaining super resolved imaging are related with time, angular, wavelength, polarization and gray levels multiplexing. The state of the art in the field of optical super resolution is reviewed while showing its relation with nanophotonics.
Producing Appropriation: Negotiating Islam-Sunda in Terebang Sejak

This article is an ethnographic account of my research on negotiating Islam and Sunda in Islamic Sundanese music. By taking special case of Terebang Sejak , I draw my attention on the issue based on my fieldwork in Cikeusal village, TasikMalaya, West Java. Observations and interviews are the main tools I used in gathering information. By presenting particularity of Terebang Sejak, this paper aims to present complexity and negotiations that are formed from the interaction between Islam and Sunda in the music in the village. In this context, presenting the idea of the truism of marginalizing Islam on local culture is in accordance with the idea of Indonesian modernity, which has parallelism with the mission of modernist Islam. While many scholars describe Islam in Indonesia with the idea of syncretism to depict the religion as ‘not really Islam’, in this article I provide different interpretation of localizing Islam by which people produce their own interpretation and appropriation in response to social and political changes in their environs. This interpretation will contribute to new understanding in addressing the particularity of meanings based on local knowledge, among Cikeusal people that forms what coded as ‘identity’ of being Muslim-Sunda. Here, Islamic text of Kitab Mulud in the music has played an agentive role to acknowledge the music as Islamic, thus continues to be part of ritual.
Compressive Strength Characteristics of Concrete-Filled Plastic Tubes Short Columns

This paper presents the results of an experimental programme which investigated the effect, on compressive strength, of using unplasticized polyvinyl (UPVC) tubes in confining short concrete columns. Plastic tubes having varying diameters and heights were used to confine concrete of different strengths. The resulting composite columns were subjected to concentric axial compressive loads until failure. The principal failure mode was a typical shear failure. The results indicated that compressive strength of the column specimens increase with increased concrete strength while the same decreased with increased column height, albeit by a small margin since all the columns considered were short columns. A comparison of the ultimate load carrying capacity and column compressive strength was then made between unconfined and the resulting composite column. Strength increased between 1.18 to 3.65 times the unconfined strength. The study shows greater potentiality of plastics as concrete confinement construction materials of the near future.
Insects associated with the composting process of solid urban waste separated at the source

Sarcosaprophagous macroinvertebrates (earthworms, termites and a number of Diptera larvae) enhance changes in the physical and chemical properties of organic matter during degradation and stabilization processes in composting, causing a decrease in the molecular weights of compounds. This activity makes these organisms excellent recyclers of organic matter. This article evaluates the succession of insects associated with the decomposition of solid urban waste separated at the source. The study was carried out in the city of Medellin, Colombia. A total of 11,732 individuals were determined, belonging to the classes Insecta and Arachnida. Species of three orders of Insecta were identified, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Diptera corresponding to 98.5% of the total, was the most abundant and diverse group, with 16 families (Calliphoridae, Drosophilidae, Psychodidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Milichiidae, Ulidiidae, Scatopsidae, Sepsidae, Sphaeroceridae, Heleomyzidae, Stratiomyidae, Syrphidae, Phoridae, Tephritidae and Curtonotidae) followed by Coleoptera with five families (Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Ptiliidae, Hydrophilidae and Phalacaridae). Three stages were observed during the composting process, allowing species associated with each stage to be identified. Other species were also present throughout the whole process. In terms of number of species, Diptera was the most important group observed, particularly Ornidia obesa, considered a highly invasive species, and Hermetia illuscens, both reported as beneficial for decomposition of organic matter.
Histological Appearance of Distal Second Part of Duodenum with Normal Endoscopic Findings in Bangladeshi People in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Biopsy from the distal second part of duodenum is now widely accepted as a useful and simple way to evaluate patients with malabsorption or other small intestinal diseases.Histological findings of the second part of duodenum in tropical countries are different from that of other countries. Histological appearance of the second part of the duodenum may be changed due toceliac disease, tropical sprue, tropical enteropathy and some other conditions. As Bangladeshi people, we are exposed to different infection always due to its geographical distribution. Normal histological appearance of second part of duodenume.g. standard villous architecture, length, villous crypt ratio, IELcounts of our country in not known. The main objective of our study was to see the normal histological appearance of second part of duodenum in our country so that we can differentiate from abnormal condition. This observational study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology & Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, (BSMMU)during the period of July 2010 to June 2011. A total of 116 patients were included from out patientdepartment and admitted patient in the department of Gastroenterology during the study period. Among the total numbers, the mean age was 32.7±9.77 (±SD) years.In our study, 48.27% subjects had finger shaped villous with normal height, 27.58% had both normal and broad villous, 22.41% subjects showed mixed findings of normal, broad and blunted villous and only 1.7% subjects showed broad and blunted villous without normal architecture. In our study, the highest IEL count was 62 cells per 100 epithelial cells and lowest value was 16. Mean value IEL/100 cells were 32.52 ±8.63 (±SD) and 95%CI was 1.57. The result of the study was very similar to Asian people but a little different from the western population. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jom.v16i1. 22385 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 23-26
IRAS 18357-0604 - an analogue of the galactic yellow hypergiant IRC +10420?

This research is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Mineco) under grants AYA2010-21697-C05-05 and AYA2012-39364-C02-02. The AAT observations have been supported by the OPTICON project (observing proposal 2012/A015), which is funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7).
Introduced freshwater fishes in a global endemic hotspot and implications of habitat and climatic change

Introductions of alien freshwater fish species into the Mediterranean-climatic South-west Coast Drainage Division of Australia have impacted a highly endemic (≈82%) yet depauperate (11 species) native freshwater fish fauna. This study updates the current known introduced freshwater fishes in Western Australia, assesses the historic rate of introductions and how habitat, water quality and climatic changes have facilitated those introductions. South-western Australia has undergone a ≈63% increase in alien freshwater fish introductions since 1970 (44% increase over the past decade) to 13 species; overtaking the number of native fishes. Aquarium species represent 80% of the latest introductions (46% of total number) and the majority (54%) of introduced fishes in the region are of sub-tropical or tropical origin. As found elsewhere, species with broad environmental tolerances and generalist diets are likely to continue to be the main colonizers in this region. We propose that past and future climatic and habitat changes in the Mediterranean-climatic south-west region will facilitate continued invasion of tropical and sub-tropical aquarium fishes and that strategic monitoring, control and public education programs are required to halt future introductions.
Enabling performance measurement in a small professional service firm

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to show why developing an enabling performance measurement system (PMS) can be useful to small professional service firms (PSFs) and how small PSFs can develop such an enabling PMS. Design/methodology/approach - The authors used a process-consultation type of action research design; they developed an enabling PMS in close cooperation with the employees of a small PSF. The effects of this intervention were assessed by means of document analysis, participant observation, and individual/group interviews. Findings - The enabling PMS development process helped the firm deal with three challenges common to small PSFs: it increased employees’ understanding about how to apply the firm's strategy; it led to greater knowledge exchange among employees; and it enabled them to create new knowledge. Research implications/limitations - The research results suggest the type of intervention used for developing an enabling PMS – that has already been shown to be effective in large firms – may also be useful for small PSFs. Similarities and differences with the intervention in large firms are discussed. Practical implications - Small PSFs may benefit from the approach described herein: to develop a PMS in a participatory manner. It is especially useful if interested in better alignment of operations with strategy and/or to better explicate tacit and create new firm-relevant knowledge. Originality/value - This is the first paper about developing an enabling PMS in a small PSF.
Do International Networks and Foreign Market Knowledge Facilitate SME Internationalization? Evidence from the Czech Republic

In this study we draw on the social network and international entrepreneurship literatures to examine the role of structural and relational embeddedness of international networks in firm internationalization. Based on a sample of 169 small– and medium–sized enterprises in the Czech Republic, we found that firms with chief executive officers who had developed strong and diverse international networks exhibited greater knowledge of foreign markets prior to internationalization. However, contrary to our expectations, no relationship was found between network density and such knowledge. In addition, our findings indicate that foreign market knowledge prior to the first international venture had a positive impact on venture performance.
Modelling the asymmetric wind of the luminous blue variable binary MWC 314

Aims. We present a spectroscopic analysis of MWC 314, a luminous blue variable (LBV) candidate with an extended bipolar nebula. The detailed spectroscopic variability is investigated to determine if MWC 314 is a massive binary system with a supersonically accelerating wind or a low-mass B[e] star. We compare the spectrum and spectral energy distribution to other LBVs (such as P Cyg) and find very similar physical wind properties, indicating strong kinship. Methods. We combined long-term high-resolution optical spectroscopic monitoring and V-band photometric observations to determine the orbital elements and stellar parameters and to investigate the spectral variability with the orbital phases. We developed an advanced model of the large-scale wind-velocity and wind-density structure with 3-D radiative transfer calculations that fit the orbitally modulated P Cyg profile of He i λ5876, showing outflow velocities above 1000 km s-1. Results. We find that MWC 314 is a massive semi-detached binary system of ≈1.22 AU, observed at an inclination angle of i = 72.8 with an orbital period of 60.8 d and e = 0.23. The primary star is a low-vsini LBV candidate of m1 = 39.6 M and R1 = 86.8 R. The detailed radiative transfer fits show that the geometry of wind density is asymmetric around the primary star with increased wind density by a factor of 3.3, which leads the orbit of the primary. The variable orientation causes the orbital modulation that is observed in absorption portions of P Cyg wind lines. Wind accretion in the system produces a circumbinary disc. Conclusions. MWC 314 is in a crucial evolutionary phase of close binary systems, when the massive primary star has its H envelope being stripped and is losing mass to a circumbinary disc. MWC 314 is a key system for studying the evolutionary consequences of these effects. © 2013 ESO.
Wildfire influences on the variability and trend of summer surface ozone in the mountainous western United States

Abstract. Increasing wildfire activities in the mountainous western US may present a challenge for the region to attain a recently revised ozone air quality standard in summer. Using current Eulerian chemical transport models to examine the wildfire ozone influences is difficult due to uncertainties in fire emissions, inadequate model chemistry, and resolution. Here we quantify the wildfire influence on the ozone variability, trends, and number of high MDA8 (daily maximum 8 h average) ozone days over this region in summers (June, July, and August) 1989–2010 using a new approach. We define a fire index using retroplumes (plumes of back-trajectory particles) computed by a Lagrangian dispersion model (FLEXPART) and develop statistical models based on the fire index and meteorological parameters to interpret MDA8 ozone concentrations measured at 13 Intermountain West surface sites. We show that the statistical models are able to capture the ozone enhancements by wildfires and give results with some features different from the GEOS-Chem Eulerian chemical transport model. Wildfires enhance the Intermountain West regional summer mean MDA8 ozone by 0.3–1.5 ppbv (daily episodic enhancements reach 10–20 ppbv at individual sites) with large interannual variability, which are strongly correlated with the total MDA8 ozone. We find large fire impacts on the number of exceedance days; for the 13 CASTNet sites, 31 % of the summer days with MDA8 ozone exceeding 70 ppbv would not occur in the absence of wildfires.
Formal framework for a nonlocal generalization of Einstein’s theory of gravitation

The analogy between electrodynamics and the translational gauge theory of gravity is employed in this paper to develop an ansatz for a nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation. Working in the linear approximation, we show that the resulting nonlocal theory is equivalent to general relativity with ``dark matter. '' The nature of the predicted dark matter, which is the manifestation of the nonlocal character of gravity in our model, is briefly discussed. It is demonstrated that this approach can provide a basis for the Tohline-Kuhn treatment of the astrophysical evidence for dark matter.
What passes as a rigorous case study

This article investigates the methodological sophistication of case studies as a tool for generating and testing theory by analyzing case studies published during the period 1995-2000 in 10 influential management journals. We find that case studies emphasized external validity at the expense of the two more fundamental quality measures, internal and construct validity. Comparing case studies published in the three highest-ranking journals with the other seven, we reveal strategies that may be useful for authors wishing to conduct methodologically rigorous case study research.