Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Type of Specialized Transduction forCTXφ or Its Satellite Phage RS1 Mediated by Filamentous PhageVGJφ in Vibriocholerae

ABSTRACT The main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin, is encoded by the ctxAB operon, which is contained in the genome of the lysogenic filamentous phage CTXφ. This phage transmits ctxAB genes between V. cholerae bacterial populations that express toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), the CTXφ receptor. In investigating new forms of ctxAB transmission, we found that V. cholerae filamentous phage VGJφ, which uses the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pilus as a receptor, transmits CTXφ or its satellite phage RS1 by an efficient and highly specific TCP-independent mechanism. This is a novel type of specialized transduction consisting in the site-specific cointegration of VGJφ and CTXφ (or RS1) replicative forms to produce a single hybrid molecule, which generates a single-stranded DNA hybrid genome that is packaged into hybrid viral particles designated HybPφ (for the VGJφ/CTXφ hybrid) and HybRSφ (for the VGJφ/RS1 hybrid). The hybrid phages replicate by using the VGJφ replicating functions and use the VGJφ capsid, retaining the ability to infect via MSHA. The hybrid phages infect most tested strains more efficiently than CTXφ, even under in vitro optimal conditions for TCP expression. Infection and lysogenization with HybPφ revert the V. cholerae live attenuated vaccine strain 1333 to virulence. Our results reinforce that TCP is not indispensable for the acquisition of CTXφ. Thus, we discuss an alternative to the current accepted evolutionary model for the emergence of new toxigenic strains of V. cholerae and the importance of our findings for the development of an environmentally safer live attenuated cholera vaccine.
High-Bandwidth Organic Photodetector Analyzed by Impedance Spectroscopy

An organic bulk heterojunction photodetector (OPD) is fabricated on the basis of a blend of poly(3-hexyl thiophene):1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-1-phenyl-(6,6) C61. The OPD responsivity is calculated from current density-voltage characteristic (J-V) under green-LED illumination obtaining 1 A/W. Frequency response at different biases is measured, which shows a high-3-dB cutoff frequency of 343 kHz at -3 V . Impedance measurements are carried out at different reverse biases, and the results are fitted with a small signal equivalent circuit. The device cutoff frequency (fc) can be estimated with the parameters extracted from this circuit obtaining good agreement between measured and calculated (fc).
Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species

Abstract A diagnosis of the South and Central American genus Cratocerus Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and a key to all species is provided. Eight species are recognized including six species that are newly described: Cratocerus sinesetosus sp. n. from French Guiana and Peru; Cratocerus multisetosus sp. n. from Costa Rica and Panama; Cratocerus tanyae sp. n. from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Mexico; Cratocerus indupalmensis sp. n. a species widely distributed throughout Central and South America; Cratocerus kavanaughi sp. n. from French Guiana and Peru; and Cratocerus culpepperi sp. n. from Peru. A lectotype for Cratocerus sulcatus Chaudoir is designated. Habitus images are provided along with illustrations and images of male genitalia, female genitalia, and diagnostic morphological characters.
MEK Mediates v-Src-induced Disruption of the Actin Cytoskeleton via Inactivation of the Rho-ROCK-LIM Kinase Pathway*

Cellular transformation by v-Src is believed to be caused by aberrant activation of signaling pathways that are normally regulated by cellular Src. Using normal rat kidney cells expressing a temperature-sensitive mutant of v-Src, we examined the role of the Raf/MEK/ERK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and Rho pathways in morphological transformation and cytoskeletal changes induced by v-Src. Activation of v-Src elicited a loss of actin stress fibers and focal contacts. A decrease in the phosphorylation level of cofilin was detected upon v-Src activation, which is indicative of attenuated Rho function. Inhibition of MEK using U0126 prevented v-Src-induced disruption of the cytoskeleton as well as dephosphorylation of cofilin, whereas treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor had no protective effect. In normal rat kidney cells stably transformed by v-Src, we found that the chronic activation of MEK induces down-regulation of ROCK expression, thereby uncoupling Rho from stress fiber formation. Taken together, these results establish MEK as an effector of v-Src-induced cytoskeleton disruption, participating in v-Src-induced antagonism of the cellular function of Rho.
Opioid and benzodiazepine prescription among patients with cirrhosis compared to other forms of chronic disease

Objective Data on patterns and correlates of opioid and benzodiazepines prescriptions among patients with chronic conditions are limited. Given a diminished capacity for hepatic clearance, patients with cirrhosis represent a high risk group for use. The aim of this study was to characterise the patterns and correlates of prescription opioid, benzodiazepine and dual drug prescriptions among individuals with common chronic diseases. Design Analysis of Truven Marketscan database to evaluate individuals with drug coverage with cirrhosis (n=169,181), chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis (n=210 191), congestive heart failure (n=766 840) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=1 438 798). Pharmacy files were examined for outpatient prescriptions. Results Patients with cirrhosis had a significantly higher prevalence of opioid prescriptions (37.1 per 100 person-years vs 24.3–26.0, p≤0.001) and benzodiazepine prescriptions (21.3 per 100 person-years vs 12.1–12.9, p<0.001). High dose opioid prescription (>90 daily oral morphine equivalents) (29.1% vs 14.4%, p<0.001) and dual opioid and benzodiazepine prescription (17.5% vs 9.6%–10.5 %, p<0.001) were also significantly more prevalent in cirrhosis. High dose opioid prescription was greater in men, individuals ages 40–59, in the Western USA, and among those with a mental health or substance abuse condition. Dual opioid and benzodiazepine prescription were highest among those with alcoholic cirrhosis and middle aged-adults. Conclusion Persons with cirrhosis have significantly higher rates of prescription opioid and benzodiazepine prescription compared to others with chronic diseases despite their high risk for adverse drug reactions. Demographics and mental health or substance abuse history can help identify high risk groups to target interventions.
Conformity and controversies in the diagnosis, staging and follow‐up evaluation of canine nodal lymphoma: a systematic review of the last 15 years of published literature†

Diagnostic methods used in the initial and post-treatment evaluation of canine lymphoma are heterogeneous and can vary within countries and institutions. Accurate reporting of clinical stage and response assessment is crucial in determining the treatment efficacy and predicting prognosis. This study comprises a systematic review of all available canine multicentric lymphoma studies published over 15 years. Data concerning diagnosis, clinical stage evaluation and response assessment procedures were extracted and compared. Sixty-three studies met the eligibility criteria. Fifty-five (87.3%) studies were non-randomized prospective or retrospective studies. The survey results also expose variations in diagnostic criteria and treatment response assessment in canine multicentric lymphoma. Variations in staging procedures performed and recorded led to an unquantifiable heterogeneity among patients in and between studies, making it difficult to compare treatment efficacies. Awareness of this inconsistency of procedure and reporting may help in the design of future clinical trials.
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis.

OBJECTIVE The worldwide prevalence estimates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/hyperkinetic disorder (HD) are highly heterogeneous. Presently, the reasons for this discrepancy remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible causes of the varied worldwide estimates of the disorder and to compute its worldwide-pooled prevalence. METHOD The authors searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases from January 1978 to December 2005 and reviewed textbooks and reference lists of the studies selected. Authors of relevant articles from North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East and ADHD/HD experts were contacted. Surveys were included if they reported point prevalence of ADHD/HD for subjects 18 years of age or younger from the general population or schools according to DSM or ICD criteria. RESULTS The literature search generated 9,105 records, and 303 full-text articles were reviewed. One hundred and two studies comprising 171,756 subjects from all world regions were included. The ADHD/HD worldwide-pooled prevalence was 5.29%. This estimate was associated with significant variability. In the multivariate metaregression model, diagnostic criteria, source of information, requirement of impairment for diagnosis, and geographic origin of the studies were significantly associated with ADHD/HD prevalence rates. Geographic location was associated with significant variability only between estimates from North America and both Africa and the Middle East. No significant differences were found between Europe and North America. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that geographic location plays a limited role in the reasons for the large variability of ADHD/HD prevalence estimates worldwide. Instead, this variability seems to be explained primarily by the methodological characteristics of studies.
Information and knowledge management: dimensions and approaches

Introduction. Though literature on information and knowledge management is vast, there is much confusion concerning the meaning of these terms. Hence, this article should give some orientation and work out the main aspects of information and knowledge management. Method. An author co-citation analysis, which identified the main dimensions of information management, forms the basis of the study of literature. In it, the main aspects of information management are further refined. Furthermore, it will be investigated if the concept of knowledge management adds anything to information management, and if so what it is. Analysis. Data for analysis were retrieved from Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index. Though the literature review is based on the quantitative results of the bibliometric analysis and has tried to consider the most prominent publications, some degree of subjectivism cannot be excluded. Results. As a result of analysis, a distinction can be made between content and technology-oriented information management approaches. According to the literature review, technology-oriented information management includes data management, information technology management and strategic information technology management. The main emphasis of these approaches is the effective and efficient use of information technology. In contrast, content-oriented approaches focus on information and its use. They can be distinguished in records management, provision of external information, human-centered information management, and information resources management. The reading of the literature on knowledge management reveals, that this term is either used synonymously for information management or for the management of work practices with the goal of improving the generation of new knowledge and the sharing of existing knowledge. Conclusions This article identifies various aspects that are embraced by the
A Multichannel Power-Supply-Modulated Microstimulator With Energy Recycling

This paper presents an energy recycling power-supply-modulated multichannel microstimulator with energy recycling. To improve the stimulation efficiency, the supply of the current driver is modulated according to the instantaneous electrode voltage. Multichannel stimulation together with energy recycling is achieved through decoupling the electrode array from the power supply. A digital pulse-skipping PWM quasi-PID (D-PS-PWM-QPID) controller is proposed to improve the stimulation efficiency.
ndodontic Retreatment of Maxillaryfirst Molar with Additional MB 2 Root Canal

For root canal treatment to be successful, the clinician should have thorough knowledge of the internal anatomy and morphology of permanent teeth. Occurrence of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) is a frequent finding in maxillary molars. Failure to locate these extra canals may result in endodontic failure. This article presents an retreatment of maxillary first molar, in which an extra canal in the mesiobuccal root was located using visual, tactile and magnifying devices.
Benthic communities and their drivers: A spatial analysis off the Antarctic Peninsula

Multiple environmental factors control benthic community patterns, and their relative importance varies with spatial scale. Since this variation is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, extensive sampling across a broad range of spatial scales is required. Here, we present a first case study on Southern Ocean shelf benthos, in which mega‐epibenthic communities and biota‐environment relationships have been explored at multiple spatial scales. The analyses encompassed 20 seafloor, water‐column, and sea‐ice parameters, as well as abundances of 18 mega‐epibenthic taxa in a total of 2799 high‐resolution seabed images taken at 28 stations at 32–786 m depth off the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Based on a priori nesting of sampling stations into ecoregions, subregions, and habitats, analyses indicated most pronounced patchiness levels at finest (within transects among adjacent seabed photos) and largest (among ecoregions) spatial scale considered. Using an alternative approach, explicitly involving the spatial distances between the geo‐referenced data, Moran's Eigenvector mapping (MEM) classified the continuum of spatial scales into four categories: broad (> 60 km), meso (10–60 km), small (2–10 km), and fine (< 2 km). MEM analyses generally indicated an increase in mega‐epibenthic community complexity with increasing spatial scale. Moreover, strong relationships between biota and environmental drivers were found at scales of > 2 km. In contrast, few environmental variables contributed to explaining biotic structures at finer scales. These are likely rather determined by nonmeasured environmental variables, as well as biological traits and interactions that are assumed to be most effective at small spatial scales.
Mitigating Address Spoofing Attacks in Hybrid SDN

Address spoofing attacks like ARP spoofing and DDoS attacks are mostly launched in a networking environment to degrade the performance. These attacks sometimes break down the network services before the administrator comes to know about the attack condition. Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a novel network architecture in which date plane is isolated from the control plane. Control plane is implemented at a central device called controller. But, SDN paradigm is not commonly used due to some constraints like budget, limited skills to control SDN, the flexibility of traditional protocols. To get SDN benefits in a traditional network, a limited number of SDN devices can be deployed among legacy devices. This technique is called hybrid SDN. In this paper, we propose a new approach to automatically detect the attack condition and mitigate that attack in hybrid SDN. We represent the network topology in the form of a graph. A graph based traversal mechanism is adopted to indicate the location of the attacker. Simulation results show that our approach enhances the network efficiency and improves the network security.
Twelve years of Wikipedia research

Wikipedia was formally launched in 2001, but the first research papers mentioning it appeared only in 2002. Since then it raised a huge amount of interest in the research community. At first mainly the content creation processes and the quality of the content were studied, but later on it was picked up as a valuable source for data mining and for testing. In this paper we present preliminary results that characterize the research done on and using Wikipedia since 2002.
Late-onset laryngomalacia: a variant of disease.

OBJECTIVE To identify and describe the features of laryngomalacia (LM) in a cohort of older children, with the goal of providing an approach to diagnosis and management of these patients. Laryngomalacia is a common congenital disorder characterized by decreased laryngeal tone, supraglottic collapse, and stridor during inspiration and is rarely seen in older children. However, the presence of LM in this population may be obscured by related but uncommon clinical features. DESIGN Prospective collection and retrospective evaluation of older children with evidence of LM from 1998 to 2005. SETTING Two tertiary pediatric institutions. PATIENTS Prospective data collection of 239 patients with LM, including 222 with congenital LM and 17 diagnosed as having LM when they were older than 2 years and without a medical history of prior disease or symptoms-late-onset LM (mean age at onset, 6.6 years). INTERVENTION Supraglottoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Symptom improvement. RESULTS Patients with late-onset LM were classified into 3 categories according to their symptom complex; those presenting with feeding-disordered LM (n = 7; mean age at onset, 3.3 years), sleep-disordered LM (n = 7; mean age at onset, 6.3 years), and exercise-induced LM (n = 3; mean age at onset, 15 years). Stridor was rarely present except in patients with exercise-induced LM during strenuous activity. Profound arytenoid redundancy and prolapse was discovered in all patients during nasolaryngeal endoscopy. Typical anatomic features of congenital LM (shortened aryepiglottic folds or retroflexed epiglottis) were not discovered. No patient had a history of neuromuscular disease. Supra-arytenoid reduction (supraglottoplasty) led to clinical cure in all patients (mean duration of follow-up, 7.4 months). Prior adenotonsillectomies were performed in 5 patients with sleep-disordered LM. This did not improve symptoms, and these patients displayed evidence of LM as the source of obstruction. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should consider late-onset LM as a potential cause of feeding difficulties in toddlers, sleep apnea in children, and exercise intolerance in teenagers. As in infants with LM, supraglottoplasty improves late-onset disease.
MEG Insight into the Spectral Dynamics Underlying Steady Isometric Muscle Contraction

To gain fundamental knowledge on how the brain controls motor actions, we studied in detail the interplay between MEG signals from the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex and the contraction force of 17 healthy adult humans (7 females, 10 males). SM1 activity was coherent at ∼20 Hz with surface electromyogram (as already extensively reported) but also with contraction force. In both cases, the effective coupling was dominant in the efferent direction. Across subjects, the level of ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery positively correlated with the “burstiness” of ∼20 Hz SM1 (Pearson r ≈ 0.65) and peripheral fluctuations (r ≈ 0.9). Thus, ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery is tightly linked to the presence of ∼20 Hz bursts in SM1 and peripheral activity. However, the very high correlation with peripheral fluctuations suggests that the periphery is the limiting factor. At frequencies <3 Hz, both SM1 signals and ∼20 Hz SM1 envelope were coherent with both force and its absolute change rate. The effective coupling dominated in the efferent direction between (1) force and the ∼20 Hz SM1 envelope and (2) the absolute change rate of the force and SM1 signals. Together, our data favor the view that ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery during isometric contraction builds on the presence of ∼20 Hz SM1 oscillations and needs not rely on feedback from the periphery. They also suggest that effective cortical proprioceptive processing operates at <3 Hz frequencies, even during steady isometric contractions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Accurate motor actions are made possible by continuous communication between the cortex and spinal motoneurons, but the neurophysiological basis of this communication is poorly understood. Using MEG recordings in humans maintaining steady isometric muscle contractions, we found evidence that the cortex sends population-level motor commands that tend to structure according to the ∼20 Hz sensorimotor rhythm, and that it dynamically adapts these commands based on the <3 Hz fluctuations of proprioceptive feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first report to give a comprehensive account of how the human brain dynamically handles the flow of proprioceptive information and converts it into appropriate motor command to keep the contraction force steady.
Entrepreneurial Status, Social Norms, and Economic Growth

We offer a behavioural approach on the relation between growth and volatility, based on a monetary growth model where entrepreneurs borrow funds to invest in projects that produce capital goods. In addition to their varying pecuniary returns, different projects also vary with respect to the status they confer to the entrepreneurs who operate them. We show that social status promotes capital accumulation. We also show that, even when the status-induced increase of marginal utility is constant over time, the interaction between status and inflation is an additional source of transitional dynamics. When a social norm links this increase of marginal utility to past outcomes, however, the dynamics can generate endogenous cycles in the transition to the balanced growth path.
High-performance BiCMOS technologies without epitaxially-buried subcollectors and deep trenches

A 0.25 µm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology family (SG25H) with high-speed npn and pnp transistors for different performance requirements is presented. A CMOS-friendly integration scheme is realized by using collector wells, implanted after shallow trench formation, and avoiding deep trenches and extra collector sinkers. Three process variants are offered. The key bipolar transistor of the SG25H1 process is a 200 GHz npn device. The SG25H3 process offers three different types of npn HBTs. The performance ranges from fT/fmax /BVCEo values of 110 GHz/180 GHz/2.3 V for the high-speed (HS) device to 50 GHz/140 GHz/4.5 V for the medium voltage (MV) device and 30 GHz/80 GHz/6.5 V for the high-voltage (HV) transistor. The SG25H2 process provides in addition to npn transistors similar to those of SG25H1 and H3 a very high-speed SiGe:C pnp HBT with fT/fmax/BVCEo values of 90 GHz/120 GHz/2.8 V.
Successful soft and hard tissue augmentation with platelet‐rich fibrin in combination with bovine bone space maintainer in a delayed implant placement protocol in the esthetic zone: A case report

Replacement in the esthetic zone can be very unpredictable and difficult to manage in cases with extreme bone and soft tissue loss. In this case report (2.5‐year follow‐up), we demonstrate that the use of platelet‐rich fibrin in combination with bovine bone can result in a stable, esthetic outcome.