Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women in agriculture: risk and injury experiences on family farms.

OBJECTIVES To determine the one-year incidence of nonfatal farm injuries among women actively engaged in farm work; to determine the distribution of these injuries by external cause, severity, and other characteristics; and to determine the potential risk factors for injuries among farm women. METHODS A population-based study of the occurrence of agricultural injuries during the previous year was conducted in a stratified, random sample of 1096 actively working farm women in Texas and Louisiana. Sampling pools were generated from county plat listings in Texas and maintained mailing lists in Louisiana; counties were selected based on geographical and agricultural diversity. Eligible women were interviewed by phone about injury occurrences and patterns. RESULTS The cumulative one-year incidence of farm injuries for women in this area was 5% (95% CI = 3.7-6.3), based on the number of farm women injured. Lower extremities were the most frequently injured body parts. The leading external causes were contact with foreign object/substance, falls, and overdoing/lifting/hauling. Most injuries occurred in the summer or spring. Factors predictive of increased injury risk in adjusted logistic regression included working on large-animal farms, more time spent in farm work, persistent back pain or weakness during the previous 12 months, driving a tractor, and hauling farm goods to market. Most women consulted physicians as a result of their injuries. CONCLUSION Physicians are in a unique position to institute interventions to prevent risky behaviors.
The Relationship between Breakfast and Performance in Junior Secondary Schools

This study investigated the relationship between breakfast and school performance,(academic performance, class participation and recall ability). Three null hypotheses were tested. The study population was made up of all the junior secondary school students in Ogun State, out of whom 800 students were drawn to constitute the sample using the multi-stage sampling technique. Two instruments developed and validated by the researchers were used for data collection. Both the BAS and SPQ were validated with each having 0.91 and 0.86 reliability co-efficient respectively. Data analysis was done using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient. Findings showed a strong positive relationship between breakfast and each of academic performance, class-participation and recall ability. Hence, regular breakfast should be provided to students by their parents while government and voluntary agencies should also help to boost students' breakfast intake.
Unchanged Distribution Density of Anionic Sites on the Glomerular Wall in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy

As a cause of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy, a decrease in anionic charge on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is considered to be related to protein leakage. However, the constancy of the anionic charge has been reported in several types of nephropathy. To elucidate the relation between glomerular protein leakage and anionic charge, we examined the distribution of anionic sites on the GBM and podocytes in diabetic rats induced by a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Five months after the treatment with STZ, urinalysis for glucose and protein levels was conducted, and the kidneys were examined using electron microscopic cytochemistry for the assessment of anionic charge with two cationic probes. The distributions of anionic sites on the GBM demonstrated by two kinds of cationic markers in the diabetic rats were similar in density to those seen in the control animals. The distributions of anionic sites on the foot processes and cell membrane of podocytes were regular and also similar in density to that of the control group. From these results, we consider that the charge barrier of the GBM and podocytes is irrelevant to the protein leakage in diabetic rats.
An Integrated Transient and Steady-State Adhesive Wear Model

The integrated adhesive wear model tokes into account both the transient wear and the steady-state wear in wear testing. The transient wear volume is described by an exponential equation while the steady-state wear by a revised Archard's equation. In this study, the integrated wear model was used to analyze experimental wear data obtained previously for an A6061-T6 alloy and MMC-D, an aluminium alloy matrix composite containing 20% spherical alumina particles. Two loads of 7.5 kgf and 10.0 kgf, and a speed of 4.58ms−1 were used in conducting the experiments. Both the standard wear coefficient and the net steady-state wear coefficient values for both types of materials were determined. On the average, the average standard steady-state wear coefficient, as compared with the net steady-state wear coefficient, was about 52% higher for MMC-D and 246% higher for A6061-T6. A higher load was found to have the effect of increasing the wear coefficient values. Scheduled for Presentation at the 58th Annual Meeting in New York City April 28–May 1, 2003
Physicians' knowledge of genetics and genetic tests

PURPOSE. To assess primary care physicians' and psychiatrists' knowledge of genetics and genetic tests and the factors associated with differences in these physicians' knowledge. METHOD. Questionnaires were mailed in 1991 to 1,795 primary care physicians (family physicians, internists, pediatricians, obstetrician-gynecologists) and psychiatrists who had graduated from medical school between 1950 and 1985 (67.6% of the sample had graduated after 1970) and who were members of professional societies. The questions elicited demographic and practice characteristics as well as knowledge of genetics concepts and facts and awareness of the availability of genetic tests. To validate the questionnaire, 360 medical geneticists and genetic counselors received questionnaires. Statistical analysis involved arc-sine function transformation, t-tests, analyses of variance, F-tests, Tukey's HSD, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS. A total of 1,140 (64.8%) of the non-geneticist physicians responded. They correctly answered an average of 73.9%, SD, 13.9%, of the knowledge items, compared with 94.6%, SD, 4.2%, for the genetics professionals (p < .001). The most significant predictors of knowledge were recency of graduation from medical school and practicing in primary care specialties in which exposure to genetics problems is likely. Other significant predictors (from most to least important) were graduation from a U.S. medical school, willingness to adopt a new predictive test before it becomes standard practice, not using pharmaceutical companies as a source of information about new medical practices, and taking a required genetics course in medical school. CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest that knowledge of genetics and genetic tests is increasing among physicians, particularly among more recent graduates and physicians who are exposed to genetics problems in their practices, but deficiencies remain. Although a medical school course in genetics may improve knowledge, it is not sufficient. Greater emphasis is needed at all levels of medical education to reduce the chance of physician error as more genetic tests become available.
Moderate soft tissue trauma delays new bone formation only in the early phase of fracture healing

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a moderate soft tissue trauma to the course of fracture healing in a standardized animal model. Thirty‐eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into a fracture group (F, n = 19) and a group with a fracture and a soft tissue trauma (F + STT, n = 19). The fracture and the soft tissue trauma were created using an impact device with a standardized energy. All fractures were stabilized by two Kirschner wires. Three rats were measured for blood flow and sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7, and 14, and seven rats at day 28, from both groups. A three‐point bending test was performed on the healed tibia after 28 days. During the first 24 h there was a reduction in blood flow, which was more pronounced in the F + STT group than in the F group. From histological sections, the shape of the callus formation, as well as the tissue distribution of newly formed bone, fibrous cartilage and fibrous connective tissue were determined. Distinctly more periosteal new bone formed and a larger callus formed at days 3 and 7 in group F compared to group F + STT. However, by days 14 and 28, the ossification and overall callus size no longer showed differences between the two groups. A fast recovery of blood flow and callus formation took place in the F + STT group, which led to similar histological and biomechanical results in fracture healing observed after 28 days between the two groups. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1178–1185, 2006
Acquired aphasia in childhood

We studied eight children with acquired aphasia. All had left hemisphere lesions. In most, the correlation between the CT lesion site and the resulting aphasic syndrome duplicated an anatomic-clinical correlation described in adults. Rapid recovery of language fluency distinguished the children from reported adults. Late follow-up indicated poor scholastic achievements, reflecting an acquired handicap in new learning. Anatomic-clinical correlates and recovery patterns suggest that brain organization for language is similar but not identical in children and adults.
The anti-SLAMF7 antibody elotuzumab mediates NK cell activation through both CD16-dependent and –independent mechanisms

ABSTRACT Elotuzumab is a humanized therapeutic monoclonal antibody directed to the surface glycoprotein SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. Improved clinical outcomes have been observed following treatment of MM patients with elotuzumab in combination with lenalidomide or bortezomib. Previous work showed that elotuzumab stimulates NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), via Fc-domain engagement with FcγRIIIa (CD16). SLAMF7 is also expressed on NK cells, where it can transmit stimulatory signals. We tested whether elotuzumab can directly activate NK cells via ligation with SLAMF7 on NK cells in addition to targeting ADCC through CD16. We show that elotuzumab strongly promoted degranulation and activation of NK cells in a CD16-dependent manner, and a non-fucosylated form of elotuzumab with higher affinity to CD16 exhibited enhanced potency. Using F(ab')2 or Fc-mutant forms of the antibody, the direct binding of elotuzumab to SLAMF7 alone could not stimulate measurable CD69 expression or degranulation of NK cells. However, the addition of soluble elotuzumab could costimulate calcium signaling responses triggered by multimeric engagement of NKp46 and NKG2D in a CD16-independent manner. Thus, while elotuzumab primarily stimulates NK cells through CD16, it can also transduce effective “trans”-costimulatory signals upon direct engagement with SLAMF7, since these responses did not require direct co-engagement with the activating receptors. Trans-costimulation by elotuzumab has potential to reduce activation thresholds of other NK cell receptors engaging with their ligands on myeloma target cell surfaces, thereby potentially further increasing NK cell responsiveness in patients.
Diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes across environmental gradients in Chesapeake Bay sediments

Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in North America, encompasses a wide range of nutrient loading and trophic levels from the rivers and upper Bay to the sea, providing an ideal natural environment in which to explore relationships between functional diversity, physical/chemical complexity and ecosystem function (e.g. nitrification). In this study, amoA gene fragments (encoding subunit A of the key nitrification enzyme, ammonia monooxygenase) were PCR‐amplified from DNA extracted from sediment cores collected at five stations spanning gradients of salinity, ammonium, nitrate, oxygen and organic carbon along the Bay and Choptank River, a subestuary of the Bay. Phylogenetic analysis of ∼30 amoA clones from each station revealed extensive diversity within the β‐Proteobacteria group of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB), with the vast majority of sequences falling into coherent phylogenetic clusters distinct from sequences of cultivated AOB. Over 70% of the clones fell into two major phylogenetic clusters that appear to represent novel groups of Nitrosomonas‐like and Nitrosospira‐like amoA sequences that may be specific to estuarine and marine environments. Rarefaction analysis, estimators of genetic variation and dissimilarity indices all revealed differences in the relative amoA‐based diversity and/or richness among most of the stations, with the highest diversity at the North Bay station and the lowest at the mesohaline stations. Although salinity appears to play a role, no single physical or chemical parameter entirely explains the pattern of diversity along the estuary, suggesting that a complex combination of environmental factors may shape the overall level of AOB diversity in this dynamic environment.
Field effect on electron emission from the deep Ti donor level in InP.

The effect of electric field on the thermal emission of electrons from the ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ deep donor level in InP has been investigated. Double-correlation deep-level transient spectroscopy as well as differential-isothermal-capacitance transient measurements have been carried out on low-pressure--metalorganic-chemical-vapor-deposition-grown InP:Ti samples. It is found that the emission rates are strongly field dependent increasing by up to a factor of 17 corresponding to an increase of the field by a factor of 3.5 in the measured temperature range of 260 to 340 K. The experimental data are well fitted with a Poole-Frenkel model employing a three-dimensional square-well potential associated with the ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ level with a radius r=4.6 nm. The fit of this model to the experimental data yields variations in the activation energy, \ensuremath{\Delta}E=0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 eV to 0.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 eV, depending upon the actual field strength. An extrapolated zero-field \ensuremath{\Delta}E(0)=${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{C}}$-${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{T}}$=0.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 eV is found. The electron-capture cross section is determined to be \ensuremath{\approxeq}(6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Thus, the controversy about the previously reported variations in \ensuremath{\Delta}E values is resolved. A comparison of \ensuremath{\Delta}E(0) with the ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ energy position in GaAs and ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.53}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.47}$As shows that the energies are within 20 meV horizontally across the heterojunction, confirming a prediction of the ``internal-reference'' rule for the energy position of transition-metal levels in isoelectronic semiconductors.
P‐glycoprotein, lung resistance‐related protein and multidrug resistance associated protein in de novo acute non‐lymphocytic leukaemias: biological and clinical implications

P‐glycoprotein (PGP), lung resistance‐related protein (LRP) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) expression and the blast cells' intracellular daunorubicin accumulation (IDA) were evaluated in 96 previously untreated cases of de novo acute non‐lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). 47/96 patients (49%) were classified as PGP+, 44/96 (46%) as LRP+, and 8/96 (8%) as MRP+. The more frequent MDR clusters were PGP−/LRP−/MRP− (32/96 cases, 33%) and the PGP+/LRP+/MRP− (27/96 cases, 28%) followed by PGP+/LRP−/MRP− (15/96 cases, 16%) and PGP−/LRP+/MRP− (14/96 cases, 14%). A favourable karyotype was observed more frequently in PGP− and LRP− cases. A highly significant correlation was found between either PGP or LRP overexpression and leukaemic blast cell IDA.
Yersinia Outer Protein P Suppresses TGF-β-Activated Kinase-1 Activity to Impair Innate Immune Signaling in Yersinia enterocolitica-Infected Cells1

Pathogenic Yersinia spp. use a panel of virulence proteins that antagonize signal transduction processes in infected cells to undermine host defense mechanisms. One of these proteins, Yersinia enterocolitica outer protein P (YopP), down-regulates the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, which suppresses the proinflammatory host immune response. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which YopP succeeds to simultaneously disrupt several of these key signaling pathways of innate immunity. Our data show that YopP operates upstream of its characterized eukaryotic binding partner IκB kinase-β to shut down the NF-κB signaling cascade. Accordingly, YopP efficiently impaired the activities of TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) in infected cells. TAK1 is an important activator of the IκB kinase complex in the TLR signaling cascade. The repression of TAK1 activities correlated with reduced activation of NF-κB- as well as AP-1-dependent reporter gene expression in Yersinia-infected murine macrophages. This suggests that the impairment of the TAK1 enzymatic activities by Yersinia critically contributes to down-regulate activation of NF-κB and of MAPK members in infected host cells. The inhibition of TAK1 potentially results from the blockade of signaling events that control TAK1 induction. This process could involve the attenuation of ubiquitination of the upstream signal transmitter TNFR-associated factor-6. Together, these results indicate that, by silencing the TAK1 signaling complex, Yersinia counteracts the induction of several conserved signaling pathways of innate immunity, which aids the bacterium in subverting the host immune response.
Tha analysis of The relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Citizenship Behavior ( Case Study : isfahan of University )

In this study, the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is investigated. The aim of the research is to examine the effect of CSR on the organizational citizenship behaviors of the employees in different sectors in university of Isfahan in iran. The research method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of employees of isfahan University. The sample included 180 employee, which were selected randomly. Data have been collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire and sampling has been done through census and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The validity of the instrument was achieved through content validity and the reliability through Cronbach Alpha. It was concluded that the social responsibility variable with less than five percent significance has an efficient role in citizenship behavior and the five main dimensions including: Benevolence, Dutifulness, Citizenship virtue, Chivalry and Respect and honor. The study discusses important implications regarding uses of CSR for enhancing employee’s Organizational citizenship behavior.
Hippocampal Contributions to Episodic Encoding : Insights From Relational and Item-Based Learning

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January 7, 2009; 29 (1): 131-139. J. Neurosci. K. Duncan, C. Curtis and L. Davachi Mismatch Enhancement Signals Distinct Memory Signatures in the Hippocampus: Intentional States Distinguish Match and [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May 1, 2009; 19 (5): 1198-1207. Cereb Cortex B. P. Staresina, J. C. Gray and L. Davachi and Relational Binding Event Congruency Enhances Episodic Memory Encoding through Semantic Elaboration [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May 21, 2009; 0 (2009): sbp039v1-sbp039. Schizophr Bull Eichenbaum and D. L. Levy M. J. Coleman, D. Titone, O. Krastoshevsky, V. Krause, Z. Huang, N. R. Mendell, H. Schizophrenia Reinforcement Ambiguity and Novelty Do Not Account for Transitive Inference Deficits in [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June 1, 2009; 30 (6): 1134-1141. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. Spreafico and M.G. Bruzzone C. Rosazza, L. Minati, F. Ghielmetti, E. Maccagnano, A. Erbetta, F. Villani, F. Epifani, R. with Functional MR Imaging in Healthy Subjects Engagement of the Medial Temporal Lobe in Verbal and Nonverbal Memory: Assessment [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 1, 2009; 34 (6): 513-521. Chem Senses N. J. Goodrich-Hunsaker, P. E. Gilbert and R. O. Hopkins The Role of the Human Hippocampus in Odor-Place Associative Memory
Effects of erythropoietin-dextran microparticle-based PLGA/PLA microspheres on RGCs.

PURPOSE We explored the neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO)-loaded dextran microparticle-based Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/Poly(DL-lactide) (PLGA/PLA) microspheres (EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic nerve crush rats for a prolonged period of time. METHODS EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres were prepared first by a novel solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) technique. Then, the in vitro EPO release profile was assessed. Afterward, the bioactive effect of EPO released from EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres was explored in vitro on the retinal explants. Lastly, the neuroprotective effects of EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres on RGCs were evaluated in optic nerve crush rats with TUNEL staining for apoptotic RGCs. The level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressed in retina was explored by immunohistochemistry staining. Survival RGCs were observed by DiI retrograde labeling using a DiI fluorescent tracer (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate). RESULTS The results demonstrated that a sustained release of EPO from PLGA/PLA microspheres could last for at least 60 days. EPO released from the microspheres showed as efficaciously neuroregenerative as EPO protein solution on retinal explants (P = 0.2554 for neurite density, P = 0.1004 for neurite length). TUNEL staining revealed that EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres remarkably reduced RGCs death when compared to the control (untreated) group (P < 0.01 at five days and one week post-crush, P < 0.05 at two weeks post-crush). Increased GFAP expression in retina was reduced greatly in EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres-administrated rats two weeks post optic nerve crush. DiI retrograde labeling revealed that a single injection of EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres significantly promoted RGCs survival (P < 0.01 at four and eight weeks post-crush). CONCLUSIONS A single intravitreal injection of EPO-dextran PLGA/PLA microspheres appeared to have a prolonged protective effect on RGCs in optic nerve crush rats. The PLGA/PLA microspheres may be a feasible protein delivery system, such as EPO, to intravitreal injection for retinal degeneration diseases.
Improved accuracy when building an orthonormal basis

Frisvad’s method for building a 3D orthonormal basis from a unit vector has accuracy problems in its published floating point form. These problems are investigated and a partial fix is suggested, by replacing the threshold 0.9999999 by the threshold -0.999805696, which decreases the maximum error in the orthonormality conditions from 0.623 to 0.0062.