Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Antidepressants to Treat Postpartum Depression, During Breast Feeding

Postpartum depression affects approximately 14.5% of women and it can affect both mother and infant. Therefore, rapid attention and treatment are imperative. The pharmacological approach often represents one of the most realistic options of treatment. However, women may be reluctant to take antidepressants because of the fear of adverse effects for the infant, since that most drugs pass into breast milk. The use of pharmacotherapy has not been extensively documented in this population. The objective of this review is to evaluate the risk benefit of using antidepressants during breastfeeding to treat postpartum depression. An electronic search was performed by using PubMed database, from January 2001 through December 2010. The search was limited to articles in the English language and to articles that relate human’s research. Manual searches of bibliographies were also conducted to identify additional pertinent studies. The use of antidepressants that do not appear in infants’ plasma, for which use during breastfeeding is better documented and at standard therapeutic doses is recommended, such as sertraline and paroxetine. Fluoxetine has a long half-life which can lead to a long infant exposition through breast milk and citalopram can cause adverse effects in infants exposed through breast milk. Therefore, citalopram and fluoxetine should not be used as first-line treatments. More information is needed about the use of the other antidepressants referred in this study. This study aims to emphasize the importance of postpartum depression treatment, always considering its repercussions for the breastfed infants. Studies are needed with larger samples to properly evaluate the short and long-term effects of antidepressants on infants exposed through breast milk, so that clinicians can create standard decisions regarding the treatment of postpartum depression, without putting infants at risk.
Influence of physiotherapy on severity of motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most frequent diseases of the central nervous system. Rehabilitation is one of the factors which may help the patients to maintain higher physical activity in everyday life. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of movement rehabilitation on severity of motor symptoms in PD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 70 patients suffering from PD according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Patients' clinical status was assessed with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts I-III. Additionally, activity of daily living was evaluated with the Schwab and England scale. The quality of life was evaluated by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). The examinations were conducted before and after the twelve weeks of the experiment. Patients included in the intervention group (n = 40) took part in 60-minute rehabilitation exercises twice a week, which were aimed at increasing movement ranges, balance improvement, movement agility and walking. The main emphasis was placed on the ability to cope with daily activities. RESULTS A significant difference in scores of given scales before and after the 12-week period was observed in the intervention group: UPDRS part I score decreased by 17.31%, part II decreased by 22.2%, part III decreased by 18.96%, and PDQ-39 score decreased by 17.12%. Mean score of the Schwab and England scale increased by 9.69%, indicating an improved quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The applied rehabilitation programme decreased the severity of motor symptoms in patients with PD.
Modification of aortic contractility in the cardiomyopathic hamster

1 The functional arterial response in the cardiomyopathic hamster compared with inbred control, was investigated in thoracic aortae. For this purpose, vessels were cut into 6‐mm rings and mounted in 20‐ml organ baths. 2 In a first experimental series, the function of the endothelium was evaluated. Dose‐response curves to acetylcholine (0.1 nM = 10 μm) on phenylephrine (0.3 μm)‐preconstricted rings of cardiomyopathic hamsters and inbred age‐matched controls were comparable (log[EC50] of −7.08 ± 0.12 and −7.18 ± 0.12, respectively; n = 4). 3 Changes in contractility of cardiomyopathic hamster endothelium‐denuded aortae were investigated. Dose‐response curves to phenylephrine (1 nM‐0.1 mM), angiotensin II (10 pM‐0.3 μm), 5‐hydroxy‐tryptamine (5‐HT) (1 nM‐0.1 mM) and KCl (1 mM‐0.1 m) were performed. Increased sensitivity in cardiomyopathic hamster aortae, compared to controls, was observed with phenylephrine (log[EC50] of −7.25 ± 0.05 and −6.83 ± 0.05, respectively, n = 6, P < 0.001) and angiotensin II (log[EC50] of −8.67 ± 0.07 and −8.26 ± 0.06, respectively, n = 6, P = 0.001) but not with 5‐HT or KCl. A decreased maximum response in cardiomyopathic, compared to control, was observed with 5‐HT (1.28 ± 0.06 g vs 1.56 ± 0.07 g, respectively, n = 6, P = 0.03). Comparable results were found in aortae with an intact endothelium. 4 No difference in the maximum contractile response to the G‐protein activator, NaF (3, 10 and 30 mM) was observed in either group of animals. 5 Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA, 1–10 μm) was used to assess changes in the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). Contractility to PMA was increased in cardiomyopathic hamster aortae compared to controls (0.22 ± 0.02 g vs 0.07 ± 0.03 g at 3 μm, respectively, n = 6, P = 0.003). 6 Finally, cardiomyopathic hamsters aortae were found to be less sensitive when exposed to increasing concentrations of Ca2+ (10 μm‐1 mM) in KCl‐depolarized rings (0.58 ± 0.04 g in cardiomyopathic vs 0.79 ± 0.06 g in control aortae at 0.3 mM, n = 8, P = 0.03). 7 In conclusion, aortae from cardiomyopathic hamsters are more sensitive to phenylephrine and angiotensin II, but not to 5‐HT, than those of controls. The increase in sensitivity does not implicate Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ itself since cardiomyopathic hamsters aortae are not more sensitive to KCl‐ and Ca2+‐induced contraction. The greater effect of PMA on cardiomyopathic hamster aortae suggests that the increase in sensitivity to phenylephrine and angiotensin II involves an enhanced activity of PKC.
Inhibition by insulin of hypothalamic VMN neurons in rats overweight due to postnatal overfeeding

Single unit activity was studied in brain slices of normal and overweight adolescent rats, the latter grown up until weaning in small litters of three pups per mother (SL). Significantly fewer neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) were activated by insulin in overweight SL rats than in normal (NL) rats (χ2p < 0.01). Although there is no significant difference between NL and SL rats in the number of VMN neurons responsive to insulin, the neurons differ in the type of reaction. In overweight SL rats neurons were mainly inhibited by insulin (Wilcoxon test p < 0.0001, n = 45). This altered response to the satiety signal insulin in postnatally overnourished rats might contribute to their persisting hyperphagia and overweight.
FLAPPING IN THREE VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

/t/ flapping is a commonly documented feature of American English. Experimental research has shown that numerous factors can inhibit of facilitate flapping. However, most of this research focuses on American English production. The current paper examines the effects of two variables, prosodic pitch accent placement and lexical frequency, on flap production across word boundaries in three varieties of English: American, Australian and Standard British. Acoustic and articulatory parameters are used to describe stop production in the different conditions. Results show that lexical frequency has little effect on stop production across word boundaries. There was, however, a noticeable interaction between dialect type and prosodic pitch accent placement.
OMIP‐015: Human regulatory and activated T‐cells without intracellular staining

effector memory T-cells (13). CD45RA, CD45RO, and CD127 are differen-tially expressed during T-cell differentiation, while CD25 and PD-1 are expressed inan activation-dependent manner.Finally, CD38 and HLA-DR were included; differential expression of thesetwo T-cell activation markers identifies subsets disparately correlating with diseasecontrol, particularly in HIV-1 infection (14,15). To explore the expression of activation markers on T
Do Social Network Characteristics Predict Mammography Screening Practices?

Background: Many breast cancer outreach programs assume that dissemination of information through social networks and provision of social support will promote screening. The authors prospectively examined the relationship between social network characteristics and adherence to screening guidelines. Method: Employed women age 40 years and older completed baseline and 2-year follow-up assessments (N = 1,475) as part of an intervention trial. The authors modeled screening adherence at follow-up as a function of social network characteristics at baseline. Results: Baseline adherence explained most of the variation in adherence at follow-up. For women age 40 to 51 years, having a mammogram at follow-up was predicted by encouragement by family and/or friends and subjective norms at baseline (odds ratio = 2.20 and 1.18, respectively). For women age 52 years and older, the perception that screening was normative was related to adherence at follow-up (odds ratio = 1.46). Conclusions: Previous mammography use is strongly predictive of future screening. Social network characteristics have a modest impact on screening. Outreach efforts should focus on those who have previously underutilized mammography.
Mercury content in Chilean fish and estimated intake levels

The intake of fish products is a major public health concern due to possible methyl mercury exposure, which is especially toxic to the human nervous system. This pilot study (n = 46) was designed to determine mercury concentrations in fish products for national consumption (Chilean jack mackerel, hake, Chilean mussel, tuna) and for export (salmon, Patagonian toothfish, swordfish, southern hake), and to estimate the exposure of the general population. The fish products were collected from markets in Talcahuano, Puerto Montt and Santiago. Samples were analyzed at the National Environmental Center by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mercury levels in swordfish and one canned tuna sample exceeded levels prescribed by national and international standards. The remaining two export products (Patagonian toothfish, also known as Chilean sea bass, and salmon) complied with international limits, which are more demanding than Chilean regulations. Theoretical estimates of mercury intake varied from 0.08 to 3.8 µg kg−1 bw day−1 for high fish consumers, exceeding the provisional tolerable intake for tuna, Chilean seabass, Chilean jack mackerel and swordfish. This group appears to be at the greatest risk from mercury contamination among the Chilean population.
An automatic performance evaluation method for document page segmentation

Automatic performance evaluation for a document page segmentation module is necessary, as OCR products are used to manipulate large scale of documents with complex layout, especially for newspapers. The paper presents a region-based method to evaluate the performance of a page segmentation module by analyzing geometric region relationships between the segmentation results and the preset ground-truth. The ground-truth is not only the correct answer to page segmentation, but also the comparison benchmark of the automatic evaluation, so it has more restricted geometric constraints. The region-matching algorithm is realized by searching the equal region in the segmentation results for each region in the ground-truth. The performance parameters are calculated based on the matching results. An experiment is given to test two page segmentation modules in a popular Chinese OCR product-THOCR2000, and the results show this method is effective.
Cerebral Metabolic Dysfunction in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Visual Hallucinations

Aims: To identify the pattern of cerebral hypometabolism in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and visual hallucinations (VH). Methods: Fourteen patients with DLB and VH, 7 with DLB without VH and 16 healthy controls underwent clinical and 18F-FDG PET evaluations. The 2 patient groups did not significantly differ in their clinical characteristics, except in the occurrence of VH. A voxel-wise comparison of 18F-FDG PET scans was conducted between each of the 2 patient groups and the control group, and the patient groups among each other. Results: Compared with the control group, hypometabolic regions were more extensive and confluent in the patient group with VH than in the group without VH. The direct comparison between the 2 patient groups revealed a significant metabolic deficit in the group with VH at the right occipito-temporal junction and the right middle frontal gyrus. Conclusions: These results suggest that hypometabolism in visual association areas rather than the primary visual cortex is involved in VH in DLB.
The effects of a selective D4 dopamine receptor antagonist (L-745,870) in acutely psychotic inpatients with schizophrenia. D4 Dopamine Antagonist Group.

BACKGROUND Based mainly on the selective antagonism of clozapine at D4 compared with D2 dopamine receptors, hopes have run high that a selective D4 dopamine receptor antagonist might improve the pharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia. We report, to our knowledge, the first multicenter study of the antipsychotic potential of a highly specific D4 dopamine receptor antagonist (ie, L-745,870) in patients with acute schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-eight acutely psychotic and neuroleptic responsive (by history) newly admitted inpatients with schizophrenia were randomized to 4 weeks of double-blind treatment (2:1) with either L-745,870 (n = 26), 15 mg/d, or placebo (n = 12) after a 3- to 5-day placebo run-in period. RESULTS Overall, a greater percentage of patients receiving L-745,870 compared with patients receiving placebo discontinued the study for insufficient therapeutic response (32% vs 16%). At the end of 4 weeks by last observation carried forward analysis, the mean change from baseline to week 4 on the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale favored placebo (i.e., -8 points [-15% change from baseline] vs -1 point [-2% change from baseline] for placebo vs L-745,870, P = .09). Similar differences in favor of placebo in changes from baseline mean scores were observed for the not carried forward analysis on the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (P < .03), for not carried forward and last observation carried forward analyses on the sum of selected positive symptom items of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and for the Clinical Global Impression analysis (P = .03, last observation carried forward). A greater percentage of patients receiving L-745,870 had scores indicative of some level of worsening (compared with baseline) on the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions' Severity of Illness Scale as well as positive symptoms compared with those receiving placebo. CONCLUSION The selective D4 dopamine receptor antagonist L-745,870 was ineffective as an antipsychotic for the treatment of neuroleptic responsive inpatients with acute schizophrenia.
Congenital Cardiac Rhabdomyoma in a Pig

A case of congenital cardiac rhabdomyoma is described in a 5-month-old female pig. Multiple nodules of various sizes in the wall of the ventricles were made up of large myoblastic cells containing glycogen and cytoplasmic vacuoles. Typical ‘spider cells’ occurred.
Induction of p53 and up-regulation of the p53 pathway in the human 5q- syndrome.

To the editor: There is mounting evidence from the study of animal models of human disorders of defective ribosome biogenesis, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia and Treacher Collins syndrome, that ribosomal stress leads to activation of the p53 pathway. [1][1][⇓][2]–[3][3] Stabilization of p53
Demonstration of a High Power, Wideband 220-GHz Traveling Wave Amplifier Fabricated by UV-LIGA

We present the first vacuum electronic traveling wave amplifier to incorporate an interaction circuit fabricated by ultraviolet (UV) photolithography and electroforming, demonstrating over 60 W of output power at 214.5 GHz from a 12.1 kV, 118 mA electron beam. The tube also achieved an instantaneous bandwidth of ~15 GHz in G-band in the small signal regime. The all-copper circuit was fabricated in two layers using a UV-transparent polymer monofilament embedded in the photoresist to form the beam tunnel prior to electroforming. Effects arising from fabrication errors and target tolerances are discussed. This microfabrication technique and demonstration paves the way for a new era of vacuum electron devices that could extend into the 1-2 THz range with advances in high-current-density electron guns.
HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIO CONTINUUM MEASUREMENTS OF THE NUCLEAR DISKS OF Arp 220

We present new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio continuum images of the nuclei of Arp 220, the nearest ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. These new images have both the angular resolution to study the detailed morphologies of the two nuclei that power the galaxy merger and sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales. At 33 GHz, we achieve a resolution of 0. ″081 × 0. ″063 (29.9 × 23.3 pc) and resolve the radio emission surrounding both nuclei. We conclude from the decomposition of the radio spectral energy distribution that a majority of the 33 GHz emission is synchrotron radiation. The spatial distributions of radio emission in both nuclei are well described by exponential profiles. These have deconvolved half-light radii (R50d) of 51 and 35 pc for the eastern and western nuclei, respectively, and they match the number density profile of radio supernovae observed with very long baseline interferometry. This similarity might be due to the fast cooling of cosmic rays electrons caused by the presence of a strong (∼mG) magnetic field in this system. We estimate extremely high molecular gas surface densities of (east) and (west) M☉ pc−2, corresponding to total hydrogen column densities of NH = (east) and cm−2 (west). The implied gas volume densities are similarly high, (east) and cm−3 (west). We also estimate very high luminosity surface densities of (east) and , and star formation rate surface densities of ΣSFR ∼ 103.7 ± 0.1 (east) and ΣSFR ∼ 104.1 ± 0.1(west) M☉ yr−1kpc−2. These values, especially for the western nucleus are, to our knowledge, the highest luminosity surface densities and star formation rate surface densities measured for any star-forming system. Despite these high values, the nuclei appear to lie below the dusty Eddington limit in which radiation pressure is balanced only by self-gravity. The small measured sizes also imply that at wavelengths shorter than λ = 1 mm, dust absorption effects must play an important role in the observed light distribution while below 5 GHz free–free absorption contributes substantial opacity. According to these calculations, the nuclei of Arp 220 are only transparent in the frequency range ∼5–350 GHz. Our results offer no clear evidence that an active galactic nucleus dominates the emission from either nucleus at 33 GHz.
Age‐Dependent Effects of Captopril on the Arterial Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate in Conscious Lambs

To test the hypothesis that angiotensin (ANG) II modulates the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) in an age‐dependent manner, various parameters governing the arterial baroreflex control of HR were assessed before and after removal of endogenously produced ANG II by administration of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, to conscious, chronically instrumented lambs aged ∼1 week (8 ± 1 days; n = 8) or ∼6 weeks (46 ± 5 days; n = 8). After administration of captopril, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures decreased significantly from control levels and HR increased; however, the effects were greater in 1‐ than in 6‐week‐old lambs. In 1‐week‐old lambs, after administration of captopril, there was also a significant increase in the slope coefficient, a decrease in minimum HR and a decrease in the point of maximum gain. In 6‐week‐old lambs, there were no effects of captopril on any of the parameters governing the arterial baroreflex. Therefore, we accept our hypothesis and conclude that the role of ANG II in modulating cardiovascular homeostasis appears to be more predominant in the newborn than later in life.
Cartel Overcharges: Survey and Meta-Analysis

The article presents a unique regression analysis of social-science estimates of the size of cartel overcharges. More than 800 overcharge rates were collected from a variety of published sources that have appeared in the literature during the last 125 years. A meta-analysis of overcharges from 395 cartel episodes finds that duration, legal environment, and organizational characteristics of cartels explain the variation on overcharge rates to a greater extent than the type of publication or the method of overcharge analysis. In particular, overcharges are significantly higher for durable international cartels and are declining as antitrust enforcement regimes have stiffened. Historical case studies and government reports calculate lower overcharges, whereas antitrust authorities arrive at relatively high rates.
Hardness of three resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials as a function of depth and time.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The polymerization of bulk-placed resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) restoratives is compromised when penetration of the curing light is limited because of the materials' thickness. It is unknown if additional post light-curing resin polymerization and/or glass-ionomer setting occurs over time to ensure adequate polymerization. PURPOSE The primary objective was to evaluate the depth of cure of various thicknesses of RMGI restorative products over 1 year using Knoop hardness (KH) testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials were placed in Delrin molds having an internal diameter of 5.0 mm and heights of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm and were photopolymerized with a halogen light-curing unit. Five specimens of each depth were prepared for each time period evaluated. Specimens were stored in darkness at 37 +/- 2 degrees C and 98 +/- 2% humidity until being tested at 24 hours, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after fabrication. Mean KH values were calculated for the bottom and top surfaces of each thickness group and used to determine bottom/top hardness ratios. Data were compared using two-way analysis of variance (factors of time, thickness) at a 0.05 significance level with Scheffé's post hoc analysis, where required. RESULTS The materials had relatively stable top surface KH, which permitted valid assessment of changes in bottom surface KH over time. The bottom surface KH of some RMGIs changed significantly over time (p < 0.001), but degrees of change were material dependent. Certain RMGIs demonstrated a potential for statistically significant post light-activation hardening; however, that too was material dependent. As compared with top surface KH, deeper layers of the thicker RMGI specimens consistently failed to achieve an adequate degree of polymerization. CONCLUSION Although certain RMGI materials demonstrate a potential for post light-activation chemically initiated resin polymerization and/or polyalkenoate acid/base reaction, these reactions may not be sufficient to ensure that the material is adequately polymerized for long-term success. This is particularly true when RMGI materials are placed in thicker layers where curing light penetration may be compromised. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE RMGI materials should not be placed in bulk but photopolymerized in layers to ensure adequate light activation. The results of this study suggest that Photac-Fil Quick be placed in layers no thicker than 2 mm while Fuji II LC and Vitremer may be placed in layers up to 3 mm in thickness.