Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restless Legs Syndrome in patients after renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND There is an almost complete lack of information on the epidemiology of sleep disorders in kidney-transplanted patients. In this report the authors assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in kidney-transplanted (Tx) patients. They also analyze the impact of declining renal function on this condition in the Tx population. Finally, the prevalence of RLS was compared between waitlisted dialysis patients (WL), and the Tx group. METHODS In a cross-sectional study enrolling 992 patients (816 Tx and 176 WL), the presence of RLS was assessed using the Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from the patients' medical records. RESULTS In transplanted patients, the prevalence of RLS was 4.8%. RLS was associated strongly with declining renal function. In groups formed on the basis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the prevalence of RLS was 1.8%, 5.1%, 6.5%, and 23.5% in patients with eGFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; eGFR 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; eGFR 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; and eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , respectively (P < 0.001). There was also a significant association between RLS and lower serum hemoglobin, higher number of self-reported comorbid conditions, and higher prevalence of iron deficiency. RLS was significantly less frequent in patients taking steroids than in patients not taking this medication (4% versus 9%, P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, not taking steroids, eGFR, self-reported comorbidity, and iron deficiency were significant and independent predictors of RLS. Dialysis treatment was associated with increased odds for RLS (odds ratio 2.2; 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 4.35; P < 0.05) even after adjusting for serum hemoglobin and comorbidity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of RLS is significantly lower in Tx patients than in patients on maintenance dialysis. Declining renal function is associated with increasing prevalence of the condition.
Post-traumatic stress disorder following military combat or peace keeping

Psychological or somatic dysfunction after military conflict may hide post-traumatic stress disorder Trauma related to military service is not only physical. Since the American civil war it has been recognised that a proportion of veterans have symptoms but few physical signs.1 Conflicts and peacekeeping tours potentially carry long term psychiatric consequences. There is a strong concordance between symptoms after conflict regardless of the conflict.1 Histories of physical symptoms would be similar if taken from veterans of any of the 20th century conflicts. In the Gulf Veterans' Medical Assessment Programme we continue to recognise new cases of post-traumatic stress disorder.2 We present four histories of people who served in the Gulf during the conflict. All patients were provisionally diagnosed by RG and the diagnoses confirmed by consultant psychiatrists. Usually the diagnosis is not difficult, and its initial recognition is within the ability of all medical practitioners. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition (DSM-IV),3 initiation of post-traumatic stress disorder comprises experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted with a catastrophic stressor event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others. The response involves intense fear, helplessness, or horror (box). #### Criteria for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder Re-experiencing the trauma by recurrent, intrusive, distressing recollections of the stressor Persistent efforts at avoidance of the memories and numbing of general responsiveness by adjustments in behavioural and cognitive patterns with emotional blunting Persistent symptoms of hyperarousal: sleep impairment, irritability, reduced concentration, hypervigilance, and exaggerated startle response ### Case 1 During active service in Northern Ireland the patient was involved in a helicopter crash. The patient was strapped in but the blood and brains of his “best mate” spattered him. Four months of psychological help was deemed successful. Later, in the Gulf war, observation of …
Advanced gate technologies for state-of-the-art fT in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

In this paper, the lower-than-expected frequency performance observed in many AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been attributed to a significant drop of the intrinsic small-signal transconductance (gm) with respect to the intrinsic DC gm. To reduce this gm-collapse and improve high frequency performance, we have developed a new technology based on a combination of vertical gate-recess, oxygen plasma treatment, and lateral gate-etch which has allowed us to fabricate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with a record current-gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 225 GHz for a gate length (Lg) of 55 nm, and 162 GHz for an Lg of 110 nm.
Synthetic combinatorial libraries: novel discovery strategy for identification of antimicrobial agents

Bacterial resistance to existing drugs is a constantly growing process that is reaching alarming levels (for reviews, see references 16 and 35). This, combined with the recent decline in the development of new antibiotics, can be anticipated to lead to the appearance of infectious diseases lacking a ready treatment regimen. For instance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to all b-lactams, including penicillins, carbapenems, and penems, because of the production of a penicillin-binding protein that has a low affinity for b-lactam antibiotics (31). This resistance positions MRSA as an increasingly dangerous pathogen in the 1990s (10). Vancomycin is currently the agent of choice against MRSA (for a review, see reference 9). However, its widespread use, as expected, is leading to new resistant strains, as has been observed in enterococcal species (43). Classical sources for novel antimicrobial agents include biological sources (e.g., marine waters, insects, mammals, plants, and soil samples [1, 8, 33, 34, 39]), as well as large collections of individual compounds gathered from various laboratories. While these compounds have diverse skeletal and functional arrays, the isolation and characterization of such natural compounds or the synthesis of large collections of individual compounds can be cumbersome and can delay the discovery process. The recent development of synthetic combinatorial libraries (SCLs) represents a major advancement in the discovery of new lead compounds for drug development (for reviews, see references 4, 21, and 37). Although its use for the identification of novel antimicrobial agents has not been fully exploited, the findings reported so far indicate that combinatorial techniques will play an important role in the infectious disease area.
Photoexcitations From Intrachain and Interchain Excitons of Surface Plasmon Mediated Conjugated Polymers for PLED

Picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy studies are performed on surface plasmon (SP) mediated conjugated polymers. Huang-Rhys factor and photoluminescence (PL) decay time at low temperature were unchanged with the respect to thickness of Ag nanostructures due to a decrease in the surface plasmon coupling rates (Okamoto , Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, 07112, 2005). However, Huang-Rhys factor and PL decay time at room temperature were increased with respect to the thickness of the Ag nanostructures. Relatively strong emission from the interchain excitons of surface plasmon (SP) mediated conjugated polymers in the film-like Ag nanostructure was verified by PL decay dynamics from time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) measurement.
Notch signaling in the nervous system. Pieces still missing from the puzzle.

Notch has been known for many years as a receptor for inhibitory signals that shapes the pattern of the nervous system during its development. Genes in the Notch pathway function to prevent neural determination so that only a subset of the available ectodermal cells become neural precursors. The localization of Notch signaling is crucial for determining where neural precursor cells arise on a cell-by-cell basis. The unresolved problem is that studies of the expression of Notch protein and its ligands are inconsistent with the pattern of neurogenesis. During neural cell fate specification, distributions of Notch protein and of its ligand Delta appear uniform. Under the reigning paradigm, such widespread expression should lead to N signal transduction in all cells and thereby prevent any neural specification. Yet, contrary to this expectation, neural elements still form, in characteristic patterns, hence, Notch signal transduction must have been inactive in the precursor cells. The mechanism preventing Notch signaling in certain cells must be posttranslational but it has not yet been identified. This review will outline the experimental evidence supporting this view of Notch signaling, and briefly evaluate some of the possible mechanisms that have been suggested.
Association analysis of the E‐selectin 98G > T polymorphism and the risk of childhood ischemic stroke

Genes related to platelet and arterial endothelial function have been recently considered as independent risk factors for stroke. We aimed to analyze a relationship between the E‐selectin 98G > T polymorphism and stroke in children and to observe the transmission of E‐selectin alleles from heterozygous parents to their affected children. We studied 59 children after stroke, 112 parents, and 87 healthy children. The E‐selectin 98G > T polymorphism was analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. The frequency of the 98T allele in patients was almost twofold lower than in controls (5.1% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.145, odds ratios (OR) = 0.49) as well as carriers of the 98T allele (19.5% in controls vs. 8.5% in cases, p = 0.067, OR = 0.38). The G allele of the E‐selectin 98G > T polymorphism was more frequently transmitted to the children after stroke compared to the T allele (68% vs. 32%). In conclusion, we did not confirm the relationship between the 98G > T polymorphism of the E‐selectin gene and childhood ischemic stroke. There is still a need for further studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human papillomavirus type‐specific prevalence in women referred for colposcopic examination in Beijing

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with several disorders of the genital tract, skin, and oropharynx. This study investigated the prevalence of infection by 37 HPV genotypes among women of the Beijing area in China. Cervical specimens from 1,082 patients and 165 healthy controls were tested for HPV genotypes using a chip hybridization assay. Based on the local pathology, patients were divided into cervicitis and cervical lesion groups. Overall HPV infection rates were 30.5% for the cervicitis group and 78.4% for the cervical lesion group; whereas infection rates for high‐risk HPV types (i.e., those associated with cervical cancers) were 24.0% and 73.4%, respectively. The most common HPV genotypes were HPV 52, 16, 81, 58, and 18 in healthy controls, HPV 52, 61, 55, 16, and 53 in those with cervicitis, HPV 52, 16, 33, 39, and 58 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, HPV 16, 58, 31, 52, and 33 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or grade 3, and HPV 16, 33, 18, 52, and 58 in cervical cancer. Established high‐risk HPV showed two peaks, in patients aged 30–34 and 55–79 years. In Beijing, HPV 16, 52, 58, and 33 are the most prevalent HPV types in women with cervical lesions, which should affect development of a cervical cancer vaccination for local use. J. Med. Virol. 86:1937–1943, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of addition of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and herb preparation to feed on selected physiological indicators, growth rate and pelt quality of growing arctic foxes

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and oil-and-water preparations (extracts) of plants are used in feeding farm animals, improving their health and productivity. It was attempted to use a plantorigin preparation (extract) and spray-dried brewer’s yeast as feed additives. The experiment was conducted on 80 arctic foxes of both sexes born in the first decade of May. An addition of a phytogenic preparation and yeast to feed did not show a negative effect on health or final body weight of growing foxes. Supplementation of diet with yeast increased the feed intake, leading to a higher weight and higher content of storage fat in the body. Moreover, an addition of yeast to feed significantly improved coat quality as assessed both in vivo and post-slaughter.
Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 12 years in Jaragua do Sul, Brazil.

AIM To assess the causes and the prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jaragua do Sul, Brazil. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Public and private primary schools. PARTICIPANTS 476 children of both sexes, selected by multistage sampling technique. METHODS Clinical examination of upper and lower permanent incisors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incisal overjet, lip coverage, traumatised anterior teeth, cause of trauma. Parents' levels of education and employment status and family income. RESULTS Boys experienced double the percentage of injuries compared to girls. Children with incisal overjet greater than 5 mm (P = 0.077) and inadequate lip coverage (P = 0.667) were not more likely to have experienced dental injuries. The main causes of injuries to the permanent incisors were falls (26 per cent), traffic accidents (20.5 per cent), sports (19.2 per cent), violence (16.4 per cent) and collisions with people or inanimate objects (6.8 per cent). Socio-economic measures had no significant effect on prevalence of trauma. CONCLUSIONS Policy makers must take the causes of trauma into account when developing a strategy for the prevention of dental injuries. The role of violence in causing traumatic dental injuries has been underestimated.
Angiotensin II and Anti Diuretic Hormone Exert Synergistic Effects on Thick Ascending Limb Transport in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Background: Sodium reabsorption is increased in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle in several hypertensive models. In this segment, while transport is increased by ADH via cAMP, sodium reabsorption results from Ang II-induced superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) production. Surprisingly, it is unknown whether these mechanisms overlap in hypertension. We hypothesized that Ang II and ADH have accumulative effects on TAL's transport during hypertension. Methods: The effect of ADH/Ang II in TALs from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) on oxygen consumption (QO<sub>2</sub>), cAMP and O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> was measured. Results: Basal QO<sub>2</sub> was 113.3 ± 14.2 nmol O<sub>2</sub>/min/mg protein. Addition of ADH (1 n<smlcap>M</smlcap>) increased QO<sub>2</sub> by 198%. In the presence of ADH, Ang II (1 n<smlcap>M</smlcap>) elicited a QO<sub>2</sub> transient response and then rose to 321.5 ± 28.3 (p = 0.003 vs. ADH). These accumulative effects could be due to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling, lower Ang II ability to decrease cAMP or increased O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. We first measured QO<sub>2</sub> using a NOS inhibitor. Pretreatment with <smlcap>L</smlcap>-NAME did not block the observed interaction (p = 0.001 Ang II vs. ADH). Also, Ang II blocked the ADH-stimulated cAMP accumulation in TAL of SHRs. In the presence of ADH, Ang II increased O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> production in TALs from SHR by 309% (p = 0.015 vs. basal). The O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> scavenger tempol blocked the Ang II effects on QO<sub>2</sub>. In the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, the accumulative effects of ADH and Ang II were abolished. We conclude that (1) in SHR, Ang II has accumulative effects on ADH-stimulated transport; (2) this effect is mediated by AT1 receptors, and increased O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> production.
Plant species identity surpasses species richness as a key driver of N2O emissions from grassland

Grassland ecosystems worldwide not only provide many important ecosystem services but they also function as a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), especially in response to nitrogen deposition by grazing animals. To explore the role of plants as mediators of these emissions, we tested whether and how N2O emissions are dependent on grass species richness and/or specific grass species composition in the absence and presence of urine deposition. We hypothesized that: (i) N2O emissions relate negatively to plant productivity; (ii) four‐species mixtures have lower emissions than monocultures (as they are expected to be more productive); (iii) emissions are lowest in combinations of species with diverging root morphology and high root biomass; and (iv) the identity of the key species that reduce N2O emissions is dependent on urine deposition. We established monocultures and two‐ and four‐species mixtures of common grass species with diverging functional traits: Lolium perenne L. (Lp), Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (Fa), Phleum pratense L. (Php) and Poa trivialis L. (Pt), and quantified N2O emissions for 42 days. We found no relation between plant species richness and N2O emissions. However, N2O emissions were significantly reduced in specific plant species combinations. In the absence of urine, plant communities of Fa+Php acted as a sink for N2O, whereas the monocultures of these species constituted a N2O source. With urine application Lp+Pt plant communities reduced (P < 0.001) N2O emissions by 44% compared to monocultures of Lp. Reductions in N2O emissions by species mixtures could be explained by total biomass productivity and by complementarity in root morphology. This study shows that plant species composition is a key component underlying N2O emissions from grassland ecosystems. Selection of specific grass species combinations in the context of the expected nitrogen deposition regimes may therefore provide a key for mitigation of N2O emissions.
Role of illness in male professional football: not a major contributor to time loss

Background There are limited data on the nature, type and incidence of illness in football. Previous studies indicate that gastrointestinal and respiratory tract illnesses are most common. Aim To describe the incidence and burden of illness in male professional football. Methods Over the 4-year study period, 2011–2014, 73 professional football teams in Europe participated, with a total of 1 261 367 player-days recorded. All time-loss illnesses were recorded by the medical staff of each club. A recordable illness episode was any physical or psychological symptom (not related to injury) that resulted in the player being unable to participate fully in training or match play. Results A total of 1914 illness episodes were recorded. The illness incidence was 1.5 per 1000 player-days, meaning that, on average, a player experienced an illness episode every second season, with a median of 3 days absence per illness episode. Severe illness (absence >4 weeks) constituted 2% of all illnesses. Respiratory tract illness was the most common (58%), followed by gastrointestinal illness (38%). Respiratory tract illness, gastrointestinal illness and cardiovascular illness caused the highest illness burden. Conclusions The illness incidence among male professional football players is low compared with the injury incidence. We found that the highest illness burden was caused by illness to the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system.
THE EFFECT OF MATRIX ORDER IN DNA CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS

The effect of order in separation media on DNA capillary zone electrophoresis is studied experimentally. A microfluidic technique based on colloidal self-assembly is employed to generate structures with different degrees of order. A model, SEM, and thermoporosimetry of the structures are employed to characterize media properties. The DNA mobility and dispersion coefficient is quantified in each structure through fluorescent detection. The result shows that higher ordered structures are favored because of greater mobility and less dispersion. This shows DNA separation can be improved further by introducing ordered materials in dense porous matrix.
Multitasking models for quantitative structure–biological effect relationships: current status and future perspectives to speed up drug discovery

Introduction: Drug discovery is the process of designing new candidate medications for the treatment of diseases. Over many years, drugs have been identified serendipitously. Nowadays, chemoinformatics has emerged as a great ally, helping to rationalize drug discovery. In this sense, quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) models have become complementary tools, permitting the efficient virtual screening for a diverse number of pharmacological profiles. Despite the applications of current QSAR models in the search for new drug candidates, many aspects remain unresolved. To date, classical QSAR models are able to predict only one type of biological effect (activity, toxicity, etc.) against only one type of generic target. Areas covered: The present review discusses innovative and evolved QSAR models, which are focused on multitasking quantitative structure–biological effect relationships (mtk-QSBER). Such models can integrate multiple kinds of chemical and biological data, allowing the simultaneous prediction of pharmacological activities, toxicities and/or other safety profiles. Expert opinion: The authors strongly believe, given the potential of mtk-QSBER models to simultaneously predict the dissimilar biological effects of chemicals, that they have much value as in silico tools for drug discovery. Indeed, these models can speed up the search for efficacious drugs in a number of areas, including fragment-based drug discovery and drug repurposing.
Linkage of a familial platelet disorder with a propensity to develop myeloid malignancies to human chromosome 21q22.1-22.2.

Linkage analysis was performed on a large pedigree with an autosomal dominant platelet disorder and a striking propensity in affected family members to develop hematologic malignancy, predominantly acute myelogenous leukemia. We report the linkage of the autosomal dominant platelet disorder to markers on chromosome 21q22. Four genetic markers completely cosegregate with the trait and yield maximum logarithm of difference scores ranging from 4.9 to 10.5 (theta = .001). Two flanking markers, D21S1265 and D21S167, define a critical region for the disease locus of 15.2 centimorgan. Further analysis of this locus may identify a gene product that affects platelet production and function and contributes to the molecular evolution of hematologic malignancy.