Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Contact Lens Materials on a Multipurpose Contact Lens Solution Disinfection Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus

Objectives: To determine the effect of 8 different lens materials on polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) concentration in multipurpose solution (MPS) levels over time and to determine the effect of lenses on lens solution microbial efficacy over time. Methods: Silicone hydrogel lenses and conventional hydrogel lenses were soaked in polypropylene lens cases filled with contact lens MPS containing 1 ppm PHMB for 6, 12, 24, 72, and 168 hours. Cases filled with the same solution without lenses were controls. After each time period, solutions from cases with the 8 types of lenses and controls were assayed for activity against Staphylococcus aureus according to International Organization for Standardization-14729 with modifications. Solutions were analyzed for PHMB concentration at each time point. Results: Some of the different lens materials significantly affected the PHMB concentration (P<0.0001) and the biocidal efficacy. Etafilcon A lenses significantly decreased PHMB levels after only 6 hours of lens soak time. The product lot of MPS used was also significant (P<0.0001). Enfilcon A, senofilcon A, and lotrafilcon B lenses did not significantly decrease PHMB levels. Conclusions: The efficacy of MPS was affected by some lens materials and PHMB concentration. Lens materials differ in their effect on PHMB concentration and the subsequent efficacy of the MPS. Over time, some lens materials can significantly reduce the PHMB concentration and the MPS's microbial activity against S. aureus.
An Empirical Comparison of Domain Adaptation Methods for Neural Machine Translation

In this paper, we propose a novel domain adaptation method named “mixed fine tuning” for neural machine translation (NMT). We combine two existing approaches namely fine tuning and multi domain NMT. We first train an NMT model on an out-of-domain parallel corpus, and then fine tune it on a parallel corpus which is a mix of the in-domain and out-of-domain corpora. All corpora are augmented with artificial tags to indicate specific domains. We empirically compare our proposed method against fine tuning and multi domain methods and discuss its benefits and shortcomings.
Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients in Punjab, Pakistan.

Globally, Pakistan with population of around 180 million moved up two spots to 6 in the list of countries with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) patients in the world according to WHO report (2011). Global TB control is further challenged by drug-resistant TB. For controlling the spread and better understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) isolates circulating in this region, it is important to explore the characteristics of these strains. In this study 71 isolates were tested for drug sensitivity and 41 out of 71 were found to be resistant. Out of these 41 isolates, 21 (51%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) and remaining have different drug resistance patterns. Genes associated with drug resistance like ahpC, katG and inhA for INH, rpoB for RIF, rrs and rpsL for streptomycin (STR) and embB for ethambutol (EMB) resistant isolates were checked for mutation using PCR amplification and sequencing. Out of 27 RIF resistant strains, 22 have mutation affecting four amino acid codons of rpoB; 531 (52%), 516 (15%), 526 (7.0%) and 512 (7.0%). In codon 512 two isolates showed insertion of GCC. These insertions were novel and observed for the first time in Pakistani isolates. The overall sensitivity of mutation detection in rpoB gene was 88.8% and specificity was 100%. Out of 24 INH resistant isolates, 19 (79 %) had S315T mutation in katG while 5 isolates had no mutation in this region. Thus, the overall sensitivity of mutation detection in katG gene was 79 % and specificity was 100%. These 5 isolates were further checked for mutation in promoter region of inhA and ahpC. In 2 isolates there was G to A transition at -88 of the promoter region of ahpC while 3 isolates had C to T transition at point -15 for inhA promoter region. Out of 14 STR resistant isolates, 7 isolates showed the mutation K88M, K88R and K43R in the gene rpsL while no mutation was found in the gene rrs in STR resistant strains. Six (67%) out of 9 EMB resistant isolates showed the mutation M306I while no mutation was found in 3 isolates. The mutations observed in this study are similar to the mutations commonly present worldwide. However, our results have shown one novel mutation in rpoB gene that can be considered for improving molecular methods used for the detection of multidrug-resistant strains. Furthermore wide range of screening is needed to characterize drug resistant strains prevalent in this region.
Problèmes de tournées avec gains : étude et application au transport inter-usines

Dans cette these, nous nous interessons a une classe de problemes particuliers issus des problemes de tournees de vehicules, pour lesquels un gain est disponible chez les clients et l'objectif est d'optimiser simultanement la collecte des gains et les couts de parcours des vehicules. En raison d'un manque d'homogeneite rencontre dans la litterature, nous nommons cette classe de problemes « problemes de tournees avec gains » et nous en proposons une classification, avant de faire une synthese detaillee des approches de resolution qui leur sont consacrees. Nous abordons ensuite un probleme de transport inter-usines, rencontre dans le secteur de l'industrie automobile, ou la production se deroule sur plusieurs sites distants les uns des autres. L'objectif est de proposer un plan de transport tactique optimise en tenant compte des plans de production et des formules de transport disponibles. Nous proposons une modelisation originale qui nous conduit a chercher une famille optimale de circuits de longueur limitee dans un graphe sous contraintes de capacites, et qui situe ce modele dans la lignee des problemes de tournees avec gains. Nous proposons un algorithme de resolution exacte du type Branch and Price pour la resolution de ce modele. Des experimentations evaluent l'efficacite de l'algorithme sur des instances generees aleatoirement et sur des instances reelles, proposees par un partenaire industriel, qu'il permet de resoudre en quelques secondes. Des adaptations permettent de resoudre un probleme plus complexe, concernant l'optimisation simultanee du plan de transport et des itineraires de containers vides.
Interaction of Intrathecally Infused Morphine and Lidocaine in Rats (Part I): Synergistic Antinociceptive Effects

Background Synergistic antinociception of opioids and local anesthetics has been established in bolus injections but not in long‐term use. The somatic and visceral antinociceptive effects of intrathecally infused morphine or lidocaine were characterized, and the nature of the interaction of those agents in rats was evaluated. Methods Intrathecal catheters were implanted in rats. Morphine (0.3 to 10 [micro sign]g [middle dot] kg‐1 [middle dot] h‐1), lidocaine (30‐1,000 [micro sign]g [middle dot] kg‐1 [middle dot] h‐1), a combination of those, or saline was infused intrathecally at a constant rate of 1 [micro sign]l/h for 6 days. The tail flick and colorectal distension tests were used to measure the somatic and visceral antinociceptive effects, respectively. Nociceptive tests and motor function tests were repeated on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Isobolographic analysis was performed on the results of the tail flick test to determine the magnitude of the interaction. Results Intrathecally infused morphine produced dose‐dependent antinociceptive effects in both the tail flick and the colorectal distension tests. Morphine showed a lower peak percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE) in the colorectal distension test than in the tail flick test. Intrathecal lidocaine also produced dose‐dependent antinociceptive effects. Lidocaine infusion at 1,000 [micro sign]g [middle dot] kg‐1 [middle dot] h‐1 caused motor impairment. Coinfusion of morphine 0.3 [micro sign]g [middle dot] kg‐1 [middle dot] h‐1 and lidocaine 200 [micro sign]g [middle dot] kg‐1 [middle dot] h‐1, which had no effects by themselves, significantly increased the percentage maximum possible effects (P < 0.01). Coinfused lidocaine potentiated the duration and the magnitude of morphine antinociception. Isobolographic analysis of the tail flick test on day 1 showed a synergistic interaction between morphine and lidocaine. Conclusions Morphine and lidocaine intrathecally coadministered synergistically potentiated the antinociceptive effects of each other. That coinfusion dramatically potentiated visceral antinociception, whereas the infusion of morphine alone showed little visceral antinociception.
THE EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF EUSTRONGYLIDOSIS IN WADING BIRDS (CICONIIFORMES) IN FLORIDA

A total of 2,167 individuals representing 15 species of wading birds was examined for infection with the nematode Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida (USA). Ten of the species were infected with the greatest prevalences occurring in great blue herons (Ardea herodius) (33%), great egrets (Casmerodius albus) (22%), and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) (19%). Among nestlings, prevalences increased with age. This parasite was estimated to cause at least 80% mortality among nestling ciconiiforms at one colony in Everglades National Park, and was found in 15% of nestling ardeids throughout the state. Despite wide sampling efforts, infected fish (second intermediate hosts) were only found at six sites in Florida, all of which had been physically altered, such as with canals and ditches, and had an anthropogenic (human-caused) source of nutrient pollution. Colonies near sources of infected fish experienced significantly higher prevalences of eustrongy-lidosis than did colonies for which no source of infected fish could be found within 20 km. Higher prevalences were found at freshwater and estuarine mainland colonies than at marine colonies. Densities of aquatic oligochaetes, which may act as first intermediate hosts, were highest at sites containing infected fish and at sites with a source of nutrient pollution. Conservation and management of wading bird species should include consideration of this disease, epizootics of which seem to be linked to nutrient pollution.
Dentine hypersensitivity - Australian dentists' perspective.

BACKGROUND Dentine hypersensitivity is a frequent clinical presentation though inadequately comprehended by dentists. The objective of this study was to describe Australian dentists' perception on the occurrence, predisposing factors, triggers, diagnosis and management of dentine hypersensitivity. METHODS Eight hundred dentists were randomly selected using the Australian Dental Association membership list and invited to participate in a questionnaire-based survey. RESULTS Out of 295 responding dentists, 284 private practitioners were included in the final analysis. Most dentists perceived that the occurrence of dentine hypersensitivity was <20% and commonest among 30-49 year olds. According to them, abrasion and gingival recession were the main predisposing factors whilst cold stimuli were the commonest trigger. A differential diagnosis-based approach was adopted by a majority to diagnose dentine hypersensitivity although routine screening was resorted to by a few. Most dentists were aware of the current mechanisms underlying dentine hypersensitivity whereas the majority perceived that ongoing predisposing factors was the main reason for dentine tubules to remain exposed. The commonest management strategy employed by most dentists was to prescribe desensitizing agents for home use. CONCLUSIONS Australian dentists' perception of dentine hypersensitivity is generally consistent with the current scientific consensus on this subject.
Estimation of incidence and recovery rates of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia from longitudinal data.

A method is described of estimating the malaria incidence rate ĥ and the recovery rate r from longitudinal data. The method is based on the assumption that the phenomenon of patent parasitaemia can be represented by a reversible two-state catalytic model; it is applicable to all problems that can be represented by such a model.The method was applied to data on falciparum malaria from the West African savanna and the findings suggested that immunity increases the rate of recovery from patent parasitaemia by a factor of up to 10, and also reduces the number of episodes of patent parasitaemia resulting from one inoculation. Under the effect of propoxur, ĥ varies with the estimated man-biting rate of the vector while r increases, possibly owing to reduced super-infection.
Examining the Relationships between Service Quality, Corporate Image, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty for an Indonesian Bank

This research aimed to discover the effect of service quality, corporate image, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The primary data used in this study was obtained from a structured questionnaire sent to 98 customers of Bank BJB Saharjo, Jakarta Branch. Quantitative research was achieved using AMOS program to develop a structural equation model. The results of the study showed that service quality had a positive impact on customer loyalty, however corporate image had a negative effect on customer loyalty. Service quality and corporate image have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is a positive determinant of customer loyalty. Thus, this paper supports previous empirical analysis and improves knowledge on improving relationships with bank customers.
Microinjection and growth of bacteria in the cytosol of mammalian host cells

Most facultative intracellular bacteria replicate in specialized phagosomes after being taken up by mammalian cells. Relatively few intracellular bacteria escape the phagosomal compartment with the help of cytolytic (pore-forming) proteins and replicate in the host cell cytosol. Without such toxins, intracellular bacteria cannot reach this cellular compartment. To circumvent the requirement of an “escape” step, we developed a procedure allowing the efficient direct injection of bacteria into the cytosol of mammalian cells. With this technique, we show that most bacteria, including extracellular bacteria and intracellular pathogens that normally reside in a vacuole, are unable to replicate in the cytosol of the mammalian cells. In contrast, microorganisms that replicate in the cytosol, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and, to some extent, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, are able to multiply in this cellular compartment after microinjection. Further L. monocytogenes with deletion in its PrfA-regulated hpt gene was found to be impaired in replication when injected into the cytosol. Complementation of the hpt mutation with a plasmid carrying the wild-type hpt gene restored the replication ability in the cytosol. These data indicate that cytosolic intracellular pathogens have evolved specific mechanisms to grow in this compartment of mammalian cells.
Is methamphetamine use associated with domestic violence?

There is considerable evidence of the impact of methamphetamine use on violent behaviour. This paper presents findings from a review of existing research on the association between methamphetamine use and domestic violence. Eleven studies met the criteria for inclusion. Domestic violence is common among methamphetamine users; however, methamphetamine users account for a small proportion of all domestic violence offenders. There is evidence that methamphetamine users are more likely than non-users to perpetrate domestic violence. Importantly, methamphetamine use is frequently present along with other risk factors. This means methamphetamine use probably exacerbates an existing predisposition to violence, rather than causing violent behaviour.
Focus on the Melatonin Metabolite N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK)

The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) is a bioactive compound that acts as a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenases, of neuronal NO synthase and myeloperoxidase, as a downregulator of cycloxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase. Additionally, AMK is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl, peroxyl and carbonate radicals. It eliminates singlet oxygen more efficiently than histidine and related compounds. As a scavenger of all NO redox congeners, it forms a stable compound, 3-acetamidomethyl-6-methoxycinnolinone, that does not re-donate NO. Carbamoylating metabolites convert AMK into N-[2-(6-methoxyquinazolin-4-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide, another stable product. Upon oxidation, AMK forms an adduct-generating intermediate, which can attach to aromates, among them tyrosine and tryptophan. Protein AMKylation at tyrosines may cause inhibition of enzymes. With regard to receptor tyrosine kinases, this possibility may explain the observed growth inhibition in keratinocytes.
Cryosurgery (N2O) Application to Remove Lip Lesions of Lipoid Proteinosis Syndrome: A Case Report

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is characterized by the deposition of an amorphous hyaline-like material (glycoprotein) in the mucous membranes, skin and various internal organs. Cryosurgery (N2O) was applied to remove and reshape the lip lesions in a case of this rare syndrome. The patient was a 24-year-old female. Cryosurgery (−63ºC N2O for one minute) was performed to re-shape some areas of the upper lip. The lips were softer and had better esthetics after treatment. The use of cryosurgery offers advantages over surgery in reshaping of the lip lesions in this syndrome, since suturing is not feasible in rigid mucosa of these patients.
The Effect of Positive End‐Expiratory Pressure on Central Haemodynamics in the Pig

The effect on central haemodynamics of a stepwise increase in airway pressure from spontaneous breathing (SB) to intermittent positive pressure ventilation with a positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 0, 8, 16 and 24 cmH2O was studied in eight pigs under ketamine anaesthesia. Compared with SB, cardiac output (CO) was reduced by 12, 36, 50 and 64% at the respective ventilator settings. The transmural pressures of the right and left atrium, measured as the difference between atrial and pleural pressure, both decreased with increments in airway pressure. At a PEEP level of 24, there was a threefold increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. This increase was secondary to the decrease in CO and no signs of CO deterioration due to increased right ventricular afterload were found. When 250 ml of dextran 70 was administered at a PEEP level of 24 and the airway pressure was then released stepwise, the left ventricular function curve improved, disclosing a relative myocardial failure at the highest PEEP levels. It is concluded that the principal causative mechanism in CO reduction due to increased intrathoracic pressure is a decrease in preload to the right ventricle. At high PEEP levels there are also signs of myocardial depression.
Bone reconstruction: A history of vascularized bone transfer

Defects of bone have captured the imagination of reconstructive surgeons for millennia (Wagels, Rowe, Senewiratne, & Theile, 2013). The earliest attempts at bone reconstruction date back to 2000 BCE when Peruvian priests implanted metallic plates to reconstruct the contour defects of religious trephination (Sanan & Haines, 1997). Calvarial defects remained the focus of bone reconstruction for some time. In 1668, Jobs van Meekeren reported the use of dog bone graft by a Russian surgeon to reconstruct the calvarium in a soldier (van Meekeren, 1682). The graft healed too well, and the man was subsequently ostracized from his religious community because of the perceived impurity of the xenograft. Experimentation with non-vascularized bone graft, both autologous and allogeneic, followed throughout the 19th century until it was fully appreciated that preservation of a blood supply to bone prevented resorption and improved the likelihood of bone healing (Curtis, 1893). And so the scene was set, as surgeons, biologists, and immunologists recognized that in order to preserve the structural integrity of bone, it should retain a blood supply and be harvested from an autologous source (Sparks et al., 2017). Autologous vascularized bone transfer has since evolved in parallel with other advances in reconstructive surgery including bone handling, fixation, and microsurgery (Ostrup & Fredrickson,1974; Taylor, Miller, & Ham, 1975) leading to the higher rates of union (Berggren, Weiland, & Dorfman, 1982; Weiland, Phillips, & Randolph, 1984), resistance to resorption (Arata, Wood, & Cooney, 1984; Klein, Stevenson, Shaffer, Davy, & Goldberg, 1991), and biomechanically superior outcomes (Weiland et al., 1984) that are enjoyed today, even in the setting of complex defects (Taylor, Corlett, & Ashton, 2016). Our aim is to reflect on the evolution of vascularized bone transfer, its key pioneers, the changing indications for its use and progress in understanding the patterns of blood supply to bone.
Type 2 Segmental Trichoepitheliomatosis: A Genetic Concept that may Explain Congenital Multiple Trichoepitheliomas in the Lines of Blaschko

defined, keratotic plaques, usually in a linear fashion following Blaschko lines. Occasionally, the lesions itch. Sometimes they are more generalized and disfiguring. At least 10 histologic patterns have been observed in epidermal nevus (3,4). Virtually, all are characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and variable parakeratosis. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH) and focal acantholytic dyskeratosis may be prominent features (1). Five to ten percent of verrucous epidermal nevi feature EH (5). According to Ackerman (6), the characteristic histologic features of EH include: (i) perinuclear vacuolization of the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, (ii) keratinocytes exhibiting not well-defined limits, which gives the epidermis a reticulate appearance, (iii) an increased number of basophilic bodies with a keratohyalin appearance, irregular in size and shape, eosinophilic bodies of a trichohyalin appearance, always of the same thickness, at any level of epidermis but located mainly in the granular layer and sparing the basal layer, and (iv) compact hyperkeratosis of the stratum corneum. The surface characteristics of EN vary considerably from patient to patient, and correlate to a great extent with the histologic type of EN. The epidermolytic type tends to be more warty (5). The differential diagnosis should be made clinically and histologically from a group including seborrheic keratoses, verruca vulgaris, psoriasis, acrokeratosis verruciformis, lichen striatus, and ichthyosis (1). In the treatment of EN, surgical excision, carbon dioxide laser vaporization, cryotherapy, and topical therapies with corticosteroids, retinoic acid, tar, anthralin, 5-fluorouracil, and podophyllin have been tried, but recurrences have been observed (1,7,8). Genital verrucous epidermolytic epidermal nevus is not often seen. The lesions can mimick genital warts on clinical and histologic bases. We would like to point out that for childrenwithwarty lesions localized on the genitalia, EN should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of metastatic lymphadenopathies.

Examen de 1280 malades, dont 38,67% avaient des lesions metastatiques et 57,2% avaient des adenopathies cervicales. Il n'y a pas eu de diagnostic cytologique faussement positif, mais il y a eu 3,43% de diagnostics faussement negatifs