Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A universal encoding scheme for MIMO transmission using a single active element for PSK modulation schemes

A universal scheme for encoding multiple symbol streams using a single driven element (and consequently a single radio frequency (RF) frontend) surrounded by parasitic elements (PE) loaded with variable reactive loads, is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on creating a MIMO system by expanding the far-field of a compact parasitic array into an orthogonal set of angular functions (basis). Independent information streams are encoded by means of angular variations of the far-field in the wavevector domain, rather than spatial variations as usually happens in conventional MIMO systems. The array can spatially multiplex the input streams by creating all the desired linear combinations (for a given modulation scheme) of the basis functions. The desired combinations are obtained by projecting the ratio of the symbols to be spatially multiplexed on the ratio of the basis functions' weights (complex coefficients), which is a function of the currents induced on the PE within the antenna domain, and controlled by the independent reactive loadings.
Controlled Attention and Sleep Deprivation: Adding a Self-Regulation Approach?

The current study examined performance on an automated task battery under short-term sleep deprivation and non-sleep deprivation conditions. Twenty-six volunteers completed the sleep deprivation study. Twenty-three volunteers completed the non-sleep deprivation study. Performance was examined across five test sessions during 25 hours of acute sleep deprivation conditions and during two days of non-sleep deprivation conditions. ANOVAs examining changes in performance from baseline levels indicated that performance under sleep deprivation conditions resulted in a decrease in performance in some tasks and an increase in estimated blood alcohol concentration. Non-sleep deprivation resulted in stable or increasing performance and a decrease in estimated blood alcohol concentration. The Controlled Attention Model suggests that the task characteristics would have helped maintain performance levels but does not explain how performance decreased on some but not all of the tasks. Extending the Controlled Attention Model to include a broader self-regulation approach suggests that on some of the tasks the participants did not adequately regulate their engagement in the task (even with rapidly changing stimuli) resulting in a decrease in performance levels. Incorporating a self-regulation approach with the Controlled Attention Model could provide a model that better explains the range of effects seen under sleep deprivation conditions.
Assessing Croatian GDP Components Via Economic Sentiment Indicator

Abstract This paper is an attempt of applying Business Survey results in creation of a holistic macroeconomic model for Croatia. Since the BUSY model (1982.), there exists an aspiration for forming a statistical business survey model that will forecast main GDP components for individual EU countries in the short run. However, the idea hasn’t yet been applied in practice in Croatia. Therefore the statistical relationship between the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) and corresponding official statistics series will be analyzed in order to see how the changes in ESI reflect on various segments of economic activity in Croatia. On the basis of two VAR models it can be seen that ESI can help in short-run forecasting of Croatian GDP and private consumption as its main component. It was shown that other GDP components don’t exhibit a strong statistical connection with ESI.
Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on the EEG during a memory task

The effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by cellular phones on the ERD/ERS of the 4–6 Hz, 6–8 Hz, 8–10 Hz and 10–12 Hz EEG frequency bands were studied in 16 normal subjects performing an auditory memory task. All subjects performed the memory task both with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. The exposure to EMF significantly increased EEG power in the 8–10 Hz frequency band only. Nonetheless, the presence of EMF altered the ERD/ERS responses in all studied frequency bands as a function of time and memory task (encoding vs retrieval). Our results suggest that the exposure to EMF does not alter the resting EEG per se but modifies the brain responses significantly during a memory task.
Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS National surveillance data show recent, marked reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To evaluate these declines, we analyzed data on 1255 patients, each of whom had at least one CD4+ count below 100 cells per cubic millimeter, who were seen at nine clinics specializing in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in eight U.S. cities from January 1994 through June 1997. RESULTS Mortality among the patients declined from 29.4 per 100 person-years in the first quarter of 1995 to 8.8 per 100 in the second quarter of 1997. There were reductions in mortality regardless of sex, race, age, and risk factors for transmission of HIV. The incidence of any of three major opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, and cytomegalovirus retinitis) declined from 21.9 per 100 person-years in 1994 to 3.7 per 100 person-years by mid-1997. In a failure-rate model, increases in the intensity of antiretroviral therapy (classified as none, monotherapy, combination therapy without a protease inhibitor, and combination therapy with a protease inhibitor) were associated with stepwise reductions in morbidity and mortality. Combination antiretroviral therapy was associated with the most benefit; the inclusion of protease inhibitors in such regimens conferred additional benefit. Patients with private insurance were more often prescribed protease inhibitors and had lower mortality rates than those insured by Medicare or Medicaid. CONCLUSIONS The recent declines in morbidity and mortality due to AIDS are attributable to the use of more intensive antiretroviral therapies.
“She's a Waterfall”: Motion Aftereffect and Perceptual Design in Video Games Involving Virtual Musicianship

A particularly unpleasant version of motion aftereffect was revealed after extensively playing proprietary video games in which the task is to co-ordinate spatially distributed responses in time with music. During playing, key musical and rhythmic phrases descend as coloured shapes from the top of the screen. After playing, static text is presented that appears to slide upwards, reflecting a neural reaction contrary to the falling shapes. The game both serves as a contemporary example of motion aftereffect and also highlights certain cross-modal associations between space, time, and sound in the design of stimulus-response relations.
Global-Scale Similarities in Nitrogen Release Patterns During Long-Term Decomposition

Litter decomposition provides the primary source of mineral nitrogen (N) for biological activity in most terrestrial ecosystems. A 10-year decomposition experiment in 21 sites from seven biomes found that net N release from leaf litter is dominantly driven by the initial tissue N concentration and mass remaining regardless of climate, edaphic conditions, or biota. Arid grasslands exposed to high ultraviolet radiation were an exception, where net N release was insensitive to initial N. Roots released N linearly with decomposition and exhibited little net N immobilization. We suggest that fundamental constraints on decomposer physiologies lead to predictable global-scale patterns in net N release during decomposition.
[Introduction of WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs, fourth edition].

《WHO女性生殖器官肿瘤学分类(第4版)》[1](WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs)终于出版了,距《WHO乳腺和女性生殖器官肿瘤病理学和遗传学分类》[2]的出版已经10年余. 在此期间,女性生殖系统肿瘤病理领域出现了诸多进展,对一些疾病的认识有了进一步提高,同时对另一些疾病的性质、命名等仍存在许多争议. 本书的出版期望对近十余年来妇科病理领域的学术进展进行了有效梳理,根据现有认识及循证医学证据,对有争议的问题进行了阶段性的厘清。
Investigations of coagulation and fibrinolysis in homocystinuria.

The coagulation mechanisms have been investigated in a 22-year-old woman with homocystinuria during two periods, one without and one with treatment. In spite of significant changes in the homocystine concentrations in both plasma and urine no changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic relations could be proved during the two periods. It is concluded that the factor causing the tendency to thromboembolic episodes still has to be disclosed.
The relationship between structure and antioxidative activity of piperidine nitroxides

We have investigated the relationship between structure and antioxidative activity of piperidine nitroxides which were substituted by different groups at the 4‐position. All of the tested piperidine nitroxides inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) generation caused either spontaneously or by a hydroxyl free radical generation system (Fe2+‐ascorbic acid) in homogenates of liver, heart and kidney of rats, and antagonized H2O2‐induced haemolysis from rat erythrocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner. The same rank was followed: Bis‐(4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl) (4‐BIS‐Tempo) and 4‐azido‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4‐N3‐Tempo) >4‐isothiocyanate‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4‐ISO‐Tempo), 4‐2′,4′‐dinitrophenyl‐hydrazone‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4‐D‐Tempo), 4‐sulfonate‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4‐S‐Tempo) and 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4‐NH2‐Tempo) > 4‐acetate ester‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4‐A‐Tempo) and 4‐benzoate‐2,2,6,6‐tetra‐methyl piperidinooxyl (4‐B‐Tempo). With the exception of 4‐A‐Tempo and 4‐D‐Tempo, the tested piperidine nitroxides inhibited superoxide anion (O2.‐) release from neutrophils stimulated by zymosan. The concentration required for inhibiting O2. ‐ release was higher than that of inhibiting MDA formation and haemolysis. However, 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidine (4‐NH2‐TempH) and other 4‐position substitutes, such as NaN3 and isothiocyanate, had no effects on MDA formation, haemolysis or O2. ‐ release. The results indicated that nitroxides have a wide range of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) actions. The nitroxide moiety was the essential group while the 4‐position substitutes could influence the activity of nitroxides on scavenging ROS.
Persistence with asthma treatment is low in Germany especially for controller medication – a population based study of 483 051 patients

To cite this article: Hasford J, Uricher J, Tauscher M, Bramlage P, Virchow JC. Persistence with asthma treatment is low in Germany especially for controller medication – a population based study of 483 051 patients. Allergy 2010; 65: 347–354.
Joint Estimation Using Quadratic Estimating Function

A class of martingale estimating functions is convenient and plays an important role for inference for nonlinear time series models. However, when the information about the first four conditional moments of the observed process becomes available, the quadratic estimating functions are more informative. In this paper, a general framework for joint estimation of conditional mean and variance parameters in time series models using quadratic estimating functions is developed. Superiority of the approach is demonstrated by comparing the information associated with the optimal quadratic estimating function with the information associated with other estimating functions. The method is used to study the optimal quadratic estimating functions of the parameters of autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) models, random coefficient autoregressive (RCA) models, doubly stochastic models and regression models with ARCH errors. Closed-form expressions for the information gain are also discussed in some detail.
Spectral Properties of Modulated Signal in the Doppler Domain in Urban Radio Channels With Fading

We examine propagation of frequency modulated (FM ) radio signals in the urban environments for different elevations of base station (BS) and mobile subscriber (MS) antennas, below and above the rooftops, based on the stochastic multi-parametric approach. We concentrate our attention on the spectral properties of signal power variations in the frequency domain and describe them based on the Doppler-spread spectrum of bandpass signal power. In the framework of the stochastic approach, the total signal power, the correlation function, the Ricean K-parameter of fading, and the scale of correlation of different spectral components of the modulated signal are analyzed. A practical aspect of relationship between the correlation scale of any two components of the FM signal and the coherent bandwidth of the urban channel with fading is examined via prism of special experiment. New effects of buildings' density and the elevation of BS antenna on above characteristics of the FM signal are examined numerically. It is found that, depending on various scenarios occurring in the urban scene, the buildings' density and the elevation of BS antenna can significantly distort the modulated signal within radio link with fading.
No Support for Endoscopic Surveillance for Gastric Cancer in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer

Background: The DNA mismatch repair gene mutations underlying hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) also predispose, besides colorectal and endometrial cancer, to gastric cancer, usually of the intestinal type. The carcinogenetic pathway behind the elevated gastric cancer risk is largely unknown. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any premalignant lesions to search for in gastric surveillance in HNPCC by comparing gastric histopathology between mutation-positive and mutation-negative family members. We searched for differences in occurrence of Helicobacter pylori , inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplastic changes. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed for 73 mutation-positive and 32 mutation-negative family members. Results: One case of duodenal cancer was detected in the mutation-positive group, but no gastric neoplastic lesions were seen in either group. There were no differences in the occurrence of polyps, H. pylori , inflammation, activity, atrophy nor intestinal metaplasia tested with binaric, logistic, regression analysis. Conclusions: We conclude that surveillance gastroscopy may not be beneficial in HNPCC, since neither cases of early cancer nor premalignant lesions could be detected in our series of 73 mutation-positive subjects.
Near disappearance of rhinovirus along a fomite transmission chain.

Rhinovirus infections are the most common cause of human respiratory illness and in children may cause serious respiratory disease and exacerbations of asthma [1]. The transmission of these infections requires the spread of contaminated respiratory secretions by one or more of three methods: aerosol, direct contact, or indirect contact involving environmental objects (fomites). In recent volunteer experiments in our laboratory [2], natural transmission of rhinovirus infections by aerosol alone was nearly as efficient (56^0 transmission) as transmission by aerosol and indirect (fomite) contact combined (67 ^o transmission). Moreover, in one experiment, when indirect transmission via only fomites was attempted, rhinovirus spread did not occur at all. In this latter experiment, the fomites (playing cards, poker chips, and pens), heavily used for an average of 9 h during a poker game among eight men (donors) with moderate-to-severe rhinovirus type 16 (RV16) colds, were the only possible route of spread to 12 men who were free of RV16 antibody (fomite recipients) and who were located in an isolated room. Each hour, the cards, chips, and pens were interchanged between the separated donor and fomite recipient rooms in order to maintain a continuous supply of freshly contaminated fomites for the recipients. Every 15 min, hand-to-nose and face contact, often with conjunctival and nasal mucosal rubbing, was carried out by all 12 fomite recipients. Surprisingly, even after this exaggerated 12-h exposure to much-handled fomites, no virus could be recovered from the 12 fomite recipients' hands [2]. To understand why rhinovirus spread did not occur via these fomites, we embarked on a series of experiments to quantitate the amount of rhinovirus traveling from a donor's nose onto his hands, then via a fomite to the hands of a recipient and onto the recipient's nose.
A single-site mutant and revertants arising in vivo define early steps in the pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

The early stages of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) pathogenesis in the mouse model have been examined using a genetic approach. Disease progression of a molecularly cloned single-site mutant was compared with that of the parental virus to determine the step in the VEE pathogenetic sequence at which the mutant was blocked. Assuming that such a block constitutes a genetic screen, isolates from different tissues thought to be distal to the block in the VEE pathogenetic sequence were analyzed to determine the pathogenetic step at which revertants of the mutant were selected. Directed mutation and analysis of reversion in vivo provide two powerful genetic tools for the dissection of the wild-type VEE pathogenetic sequence. Virus from the parental virulent clone, V3000, first replicated in the draining lymph node after subcutaneous inoculation in the left rear footpad. Movement of a cloned avirulent mutant, V3010 (E2 76 Glu to Lys), to the draining lymph node was impaired, replication in the node was delayed, and spread beyond the draining lymph node was sporadic. Serum, contralateral lymph node, spleen, and brain isolates from V3010 inoculated animals were invariably revertant with respect to sequence at E2 76 and/or virulence in mice. Revertants isolated from serum and contralateral lymph node retained the V3010 E2 Lys 76 mutation but also contained a second-site mutation, Glu to Lys at E2 116. Modification of the V3010 clone by addition of the second-site mutation at E2 116 produced a virus that bypassed the V3010 block at the draining lymph node but that did not possess full wild-type capacity for replication in the central nervous system or for induction of mortality. A control construct containing only the E2 116 reverting mutation on the V3000 background was identical to V3000 in terms of early pathogenetic steps and virulence. Therefore, analysis of mutant replication and reversion in vivo suggested (1) that the earliest steps in VEE pathogenesis are transit to the draining lymph node and replication at that site, (2) that the mutation in V3010 impairs transit to the draining lymph node and blocks dissemination to other tissues, and (3) that reversion can overcome the block without restoring full virulence.
How Much Does Size Erode Mutual Fund Performance? A Regression Discontinuity Approach

The level of diseconomies of scale in asset management has important implications for tests of manager skill and the expected level of performance persistence. To identify the causal impact of fund size on future returns, we exploit the fact that small differences in returns can cause discrete changes in Morningstar ratings that, in turn, generate discrete differences in fund size. Using our regression discontinuity approach, we find that ratings significantly increase fund size, but that fund size has a negligible effect on fund returns. Within Berk and Green’s (2004) model, the absence of meaningful fund-level diseconomies of scale implies that the lack of performance persistence arises from a lack of fund manager skill. Alternatively, the lack of performance persistence may arise from competitive pressures outside of their model.
Rhinitis and asthma in athletes: an ARIA document in collaboration with GA2LEN

This consensus document is aimed at reviewing evidence that the rhinits‐asthma links have peculiar features in athletes. Beside a review of epidemological data on the high prevalence of rhinitis and asthma in athletes, the effects on intense physical exercise on the immune system and repiratory functions are discussed, with special reference to the role of allergens and pollutants. In extending the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) recommendations to athletes, the issue is addressed of adapting diagnosis and management to criteria set by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and regulations adopted by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA).
Hearing loss in diabetics

The relationship between diabetes and senbsorineural hearing loss has been disputed. This study compares 44 insulin-dependent diabetics with 38 age and sex matched controls. All had pure tone and speech audiometry performed, with any diabetics showing sensorineural deafness undergoing stapedial reflecx decat tests. In 14 diabetics stapedial reflex tests showed no tone decay in any patient, but seven showed evidence of recruitment. Analysis of vaiance showed the diabetics to be significantly deafer than the control population.The hearing loss affected high frequencies in both sexes, but also low frequencies in the male. Speech discrimination scores showed no differences. Further analysis by sex showed the males to account for most of the differences. Analysys of the audiograms showered mostly a high tone loss. Finally duration of disbetes, insulin dosage and family history of diabtes were not found to have a significant effect on threshold.
Strategies for assessing and fostering hope: the hope assessment guide.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To detail behavioral manifestations of hope and to present the Hope Assessment Guide with stage-specific nursing strategies to foster the development of hope. DATA SOURCES Previous research and a concept analysis of hope, including interviews with survivors of breast cancer, people awaiting heart transplants, breast-feeding mothers returning to work, and patients with spinal cord injuries. Criteria for inclusion included empirical validity of the conceptual framework, power of the autobiographic data to illustrate theoretical fit, and usefulness of the theory in assessing hope and devising clinical strategies. DATA SYNTHESIS Behavioral manifestations within reported breast cancer experiences demonstrated theoretical fit. From this, the researchers extracted assessment factors and identified clinical strategies based on reported experiences and strategies found helpful at various stages of the hope development process. CONCLUSIONS The conceptual model provides structure for assessing and responding to developing hopefulness in a stage-specific manner. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE By becoming aware of the processes of developing hope, nurses are better prepared to clinically assess this dynamic process and to devise highly individualized clinical interventions in cases in which hope needs to be supported or modified.