Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impaired medial temporal repetition suppression is related to failure of parietal deactivation in Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVES Neural networks supporting encoding of new information are affected early in the course of Alzheimer disease (AD). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in AD have reported decreased medial temporal lobe (MTL) activation when comparing novel versus repeated stimuli. It is, however, unclear whether this finding is related to a failure of normal suppression of MTL activity to repeated stimuli in AD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Twenty-nine healthy older subjects comprising a comparison group (OC) and 15 mild AD patients underwent fMRI during an associative memory paradigm in an academic medical center. The task consisted of blocks of Novel and Repeated face-name pairs and visual Fixation. To reveal neural correlates of processing repeatedly presented stimuli, Repeated blocks were contrasted to Fixation. RESULTS AD patients demonstrated greater activation during Repeated stimuli in the MTL and in prefrontal and superior parietal cortices, compared with OC. In contrast, OC showed greater parietal task-induced deactivation than AD. Increased MTL activity during Repeated was correlated with more impaired parietal deactivation and poorer performance of the postscan recognition memory test of encoding the face-name pairs. CONCLUSION Reduction of MTL activity to repeated stimuli, which become highly familiarized to healthy OC, was impaired in AD. This abnormal increased MTL activation was related to disrupted parietal deactivation and to poor recognition memory performance. These preliminary results suggest that the typical episodic memory impairment seen in mild AD may manifest as a failure of normal repetition suppression and loss of "beneficial" deactivation in the MTL-parietal memory networks.
Azithromycin versus tetracycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris affects a large number of young adults and often presents with facial and truncal involvement. Systemic antibiotics are used for the treatment of papulopustular and cystic lesions. Objective: We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus tetracycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods: A randomized, investigator‐blind, clinical trial was carried out for 3 months at the outpatient clinic of Emam Khomeini University Hospital, Ahwaz, Iran. A total of 290 patients with moderate to severe papulopustular acne vulgaris were allocated to two groups, azithromycin and tetracycline, for 3 months of treatment. Azithromycin 500 mg was prescribed for 3 consecutive days a week for 1 month and then 250 mg every other day for the following 2 months. Tetracycline 1 g was similarly prescribed: daily for 1 month and then 500 mg daily for the following 2 months. Results: Both antibiotics were effective in reducing inflammatory lesions and improving acne. Azithromycin produced a slightly higher percentage of improvement compared with tetracycline (100 cases/84.7% vs 94 cases/79.7%). Conclusion: Azithromycin is a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of inflammatory acne.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance to Bean Fly and Population Structure of Market Classes of Common Bean

Common bean (Phaesolus vulgaris L.) distribution across eastern, central and southern Africa region is widely driven by choice of grain types, which is affecting the genetic composition and adaptation to target production environments for biotic and abiotic constraints. Two bean fly species, Ophiomyia spencerella and Ophiomyia phaseoli are harmful insect pests of beans causing significant yield losses. Our objectives were to assess the population structure of common bean germplasm of different market classes and to identify polymorphic loci associated with resistance to O. spencerella. The study was carried out on a diversity panel of 284 genotypes using 9040 SNP markers. The genotypes were differentiated in to 14 distinct clusters. The mean FST of 0.4849, revealed major differentiation among the populations. Andean gene pool was more diverse compared to Mesoamerica gene pool which could be attributed to preference for large seeded cultivars. Multi-dimensional scaling and structure analyses revealed admixture among seed types. From genome wide association studies (GWAS), major genomic regions associated with O. spencerella resistance were identified on chromosome 1 (Pv01). The most significant SNP on Pv01 was aligned to gene PHAVU_001G075500g that is related to the Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) pathway, critical in regulating inherent immune responses to disease infection and insect herbivore attack. The diversity uncovered on the basis of market classes of beans and the presence of QTL regions associated with resistance to bean fly could serve as a valuable genetic resource for improvement of beans of different seed types in eastern and southern Africa region. Core Ideas GWAS revealed major loci associated with bean fly resistance on chromosome 01. New sources of resistance to bean fly were uncovered from different market classes. Genetic diversity uncovered is based on recent farmer preferences selection events.
Establishing Prognosis and Maximizing Functional Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Current and Future Directions in Rehabilitation Management

Study Design. Review article. Objectives. To review the medical literature and provide a framework for predicting neurorecovery and functional outcomes after spinal cord injury based on injury severity. Summary of Background Data. The ability to accurately predict the magnitude of neurorecovery and expected functional outcomes after spinal cord injury is of great importance. This information is needed to justify medical and rehabilitation interventions to third party payers as well as to begin the process of planning for postdischarge care. Over the past several decades, significant progress has been made in accurately predicting neurorecovery and its impact on functional outcomes. Methods. Structured review of published reports obtained through MED-LINE search and texts. Results/Conclusion. Within 72 hours to 1 month after a spinal cord injury, it is possible to predict with reasonable accuracy the magnitude of expected recovery based on physical examination. The impact of motor level on long-term functional outcomes is also clear and has remained relatively unchanged for several decades. Functional outcomes are likely to improve in upcoming years as novel interventions, such as drugs and functional neuromuscular stimulation, are developed with the goals of limiting secondary injury and restoring neurologic function. New training methods, such as body weight support, that use activity-dependent neuroplasticity will also have a more prominent role.
Temperature-Compensated Multifunctional All-Fiber Sensors for Precise Strain/High-Pressure Measurement

We propose two types of temperature-compensated all-fiber sensors based on a novel laser-machined Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) whose sensitivity is adjusted by controlling the FPI gauge length and fiber material. The sensors are demonstrated to achieve precise multiparameter measurements under high temperatures. One sensor is an enhanced sensitivity FPI cascaded with a femtosecond laser inscribed fiber Bragg grating. We propose a modified calculation formula considering the temperature dependence of strain/pressure sensitivities to ensure measurement accuracies. The experiment shows that the cascaded sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance with the maximum strain and pressure sensitivities of 41.6 pm/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mu \varepsilon }$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-222$</tex-math></inline-formula> pm/MPa, respectively, and in a stable environment, its strain–temperature and pressure–temperature crosstalk are 0.139 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mu \varepsilon }$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C and 0.027 MPa/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C, respectively. The other sensor is the FPI itself with a length-matched gutter. It achieves an ultralow average thermal drift of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>0.1 pm/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C over 16–400 °C. Experimental results show that it exhibits low temperature–pressure and temperature–strain cross sensitivities of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>0.0017 MPa/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>0.015 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mu \varepsilon }$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C, respectively.
Public Knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Three Rural Communities of Nigeria

This study aimed at assessing knowledge of HIV/AIDS among residents of three rural communities in Nigeria. A total of 371 persons residing in selected rural communities were recruited for this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from all participants. Results of the study showed a generally high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS in all communities surveyed. However, among study participants, knowledge of mode of prevention and management of HIV infection was poor as was knowledge of HIV status and readiness to utilize free voluntary counseling and testing for HIV/AIDS services. Scale-up of HIV/AIDS education by relevant health authorities is strongly advocated.
Biology of Human Tumors Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Low Antimicrobial Peptide Expression in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma

Purpose:Atopic dermatitis is characterizedbydecreased expressionof filaggrin and loricrin. Patientswith atopic dermatitis often suffer from skin infections, which are also frequently seen in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the skin barrier in CTCL. Experimental Design:We assessed skinmoisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in patients with CTCL.Wenext examinedmRNAexpression levels of filaggrin, loricrin, and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in skin samples of CTCL, using skin from healthy volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis as controls. Immunostainings for filaggrin, loricrin, and S100 proteins were also performed. Results: Lower levels of skinmoisture accompanied byhigher levels of TEWLwere seen in lesional skin of CTCL than in normal skin. CTCL lesional skin contained lower levels of filaggrin and loricrin mRNA than normal skin, which was also true with atopic dermatitis and psoriatic skin. mRNA expression levels of filaggrin in CTCL skin negatively correlated with disease severity markers. Expression levels of AMPs in lesional skin of CTCL and atopic dermatitis were significantly lower than in psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemistry confirmed decreased expression of filaggrin and loricrin in CTCL, atopic dermatitis, and psoriatic skin and enhanced expression of S100 proteins in psoriatic skin. Conclusions:Our results show that there is barrier dysfunction in CTCL skin, similar towhat is seenwith atopic dermatitis skin. In addition, lowAMPexpression inCTCL skinwasdocumentedwhen comparedwith psoriatic skin, which may explain frequent infections that can occur in patients with CTCL. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 1–10. 2014 AACR.
When will is not the same as should: The role of modals in reasoning with legal conditionals

Naïve reasoners reject logically valid conclusions from conditional rules if they can think of exceptions in which the antecedent is true, but the consequent is not. However, when reasoning with legal conditionals (e.g., “If a person kills another human, then this person should be punished for manslaughter”) people hardly consider exceptions but evaluate conclusions depending on their own sense of justice. We show that participants’ reluctance to consider exceptions in legal reasoning depends on the modal auxiliary used. In two experiments we phrased legal conditionals either with the modal “should” (i.e., “ … then this person should be punished”), or with “will” (i.e., “ … then this person will be punished”) and presented them as modus ponens or modus tollens inferences. Participants had to decide whether the offender should or will be punished (modus ponens) or whether the offender indeed committed the offence (modus tollens). For modus ponens inferences phrased with “should” we replicate previous findings showing that participants select conclusions on the basis of their own sense of justice (Experiments 1 and 2). Yet, when the legal conditional is phrased with the modal “will” this effect is attenuated (Experiments 1 and 2), and exceptions are considered (Experiment 1). The modal auxiliary did not affect modus tollens inferences.
Information Technologies in Human Resources Management - Selected Examples

 Abstract —Rapid growth of Information Technologies (IT) has had huge influence on enterprises, and it has contributed to its promotion and increasingly extensive use in enterprises. Information Technologies have to a large extent determined the processes taking place in an enterprise; what is more, IT development has brought the need to adopt a brand new approach to human resources management in an enterprise. The use of IT in human resource management (HRM) is of high importance due to the growing role of information and information technologies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of information technologies in human resources management in enterprises. These practices will be presented in the following areas: recruitment and selection, development and training, employee assessment, motivation, talent management, personnel service. Results of conducted survey show diversity of solutions applied in particular areas of human resource management. In the future, further development in this area should be expected, as well as integration of individual HRM areas, growing mobile-enabled HR processes and their transfer into the cloud. Presented IT solutions applied in HRM are highly innovative, which is of great significance due to their possible implementation in other enterprises.
Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities

1215 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– © 2019 The Authors. Oikos published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Subject Editor: Jarrett Byrnes Editor-in-Chief: Pedro Peres-Neto Accepted 3 May 2019 128: 1215–1242, 2019 doi: 10.1111/oik.05946 doi: 10.1111/oik.05946 128 1215–1242
Verapamil‐ and state‐dependent effect of 2‐aminoethylmethanethiosulphonate (MTSEA) on hKv1.3 channels

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T‐cells usually express voltage‐gated Kv1.3 channels. These channels are distinguished by their typical C‐type inactivation. Therefore, to be able to rationally design drugs specific for the C‐type inactivation state that may have therapeutic value in autoimmune disease therapy, it is necessary to identify those amino acids that are accessible for drug binding in C‐type inactivated channels.
The Assessment of the Phenomenology of Sleep Paralysis: The Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire (USEQ)

Previous research has found a relationship between sleep paralysis (SP) and anxiety states and higher rates have been reported among certain ethnic groups. To advance the cross‐cultural study of SP, we developed a brief assessment instrument (which can be self‐administered), the Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire (USEQ). In this article, we report on a pilot study with the USEQ in a sample of 208 college students. The instrument was easily understood by the participants, with one quarter reporting at least one lifetime episode of SP. As in previous studies, SP was associated with anxiety (in particular, panic attacks).
A Comparative Study of Protein Unfolding in Aqueous Urea and DMSO Solutions: Surface Polarity, Solvent Specificity and Sequence of Secondary Structure Melting

Elucidation of possible pathways between folded (native) and unfolded states of a protein is a challenging task, as the intermediates are often hard to detect. Here we alter the solvent environment in a controlled manner by choosing two different co-solvents of water, urea and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and study unfolding of four different proteins to understand the respective sequence of melting by computer simulation methods. We indeed find interesting differences in the sequence of melting of alpha-helices and beta-sheets in these two solvents. For example, at 8M urea solution, beta-sheet parts of a protein is found to unfold preferentially, followed by the unfolding of alpha helices. In contrast, 8M DMSO solution unfolds alpha helices first, followed by the separation of beta-sheets for majority of proteins. Sequence of unfolding events in four different alpha/beta proteins and also in chicken villin head piece (HP-36) both in urea and DMSO solution demonstrate that the unfolding pathways are determined jointly by relative exposure of polar and non-polar residues of a protein and the mode of molecular action of a solvent on that protein.
Children's Narratives Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Linguistic Structure, Cohesion, and Thematic Recall

Narrative discourse and intellectual functioning were examined 3 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children 1 to 8 years of age at the time of injury. The language-impaired TBI group (n = 9) had language deficits during the subacute stage of recovery; their performance was contrasted with that of a TBI comparison group equated on neurologic and demographic variables that did not show subacute language impairment (n = 8) and a sibling comparison group (n = 9). The language-impaired TBI group had lower Verbal and Full-Scale IQ scores and produced fewer words and utterances than the sibling group on a story retelling task; their stories were characterized by fewer complete referential and lexical ties and more referential errors, indicating difficulty conjoining meaning across sentences. The language-impaired TBI group recalled approximately one-third of the propositions needed to maintain the story theme and made more errors sequencing the propositions than either the TBI or the sibling comparison groups. Group differences were not obtained on the Performance IQ scores or on measures of rate or fluency of speech production, mazes, use of conjunctives, or naming errors. The discourse deficiencies of children with TBI and acute language impairment were most pronounced at the level of cognitive organization of the text reflecting text macrostructure and were least apparent at the level of lexical and sentential organization reflecting text microstructure. Results are discussed in terms of the vulnerability of developing language abilities to disruption by brain injury.
Global Gene Expression Analysis of Gastric Cancer by Oligonucleotide Microarrays 1

To gain molecular understanding of carcinogenesis, progression, and diversity of gastric cancer, 22 primary human advanced gastric cancer tissues and 8 noncancerous gastric tissues were analyzed by high-density oligonucleotide microarray in this study. Based on expression analysis of approximately 6800 genes, a two-way clustering algorithm successfully distinguished cancer tissues from noncancerous tissues. Subsequently, genes that were differentially expressed in cancer and noncancerous tissues were identified; 162 and 129 genes were highly expressed (P < 0.05) >2.5-fold in cancer tissues and noncancerous tissues, respectively. In cancer tissues, genes related to cell cycle, growth factor, cell motility, cell adhesion, and matrix remodeling were highly expressed. In noncancerous tissues, genes related to gastrointestinal-specific function and immune response were highly expressed. Furthermore, we identified several genes associated with lymph node metastasis including Oct-2 or histological types including Liver-Intestine Cadherin. These results provide not only a new molecular basis for understanding biological properties of gastric cancer, but also useful resources for future development of therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for gastric cancer.
The Rise and Fall of a Facebook Hate Group

One Facebook group has repeatedly caught the media’s attention. The group is called "Israel" is not a country! Delist it from Facebook as a country! Despite the opinions of experts who highlighted the racist nature of the group, Facebook refused to take action. After unsuccessfully lobbying Facebook for intervention, a organization known as the Jewish Internet Defense Force took control of the Facebook group in late July 2008 and began to manually dismantle it from the inside. The rise and fall of this group highlights open questions on the right response to online hate in user generated content.
Connectivity for species on the move: supporting climate‐driven range shifts

Many species are already responding to global climate change by shifting their ranges to track suitable climatic conditions. However, habitat loss and fragmentation, coupled with the rapidity of climate change, make it difficult for species to keep pace. It is therefore unsurprising that enhancing landscape connectivity is the most frequently cited climate‐adaptation strategy for conserving biodiversity. Yet most connectivity planning, even if intended to address climate change, does not directly take climate change and climate‐driven range shifts into account. Nonetheless, several approaches that do explicitly address the unique challenges posed by climate change have recently emerged. We review these connectivity modeling approaches: specifically, how they incorporate species' responses, identify movement routes, and address uncertainties. Despite this proliferation of approaches, conceptual and analytical hurdles remain, and meeting these challenges will be critical to achieving effective landscape connectivity for species in the face of climate change.