Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE GEMINI NICI PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN: THE ORBIT OF THE YOUNG EXOPLANET β PICTORIS b

We present new astrometry for the young (12–21 Myr) exoplanet β Pictoris b taken with the Gemini/NICI and Magellan/MagAO instruments between 2009 and 2012. The high dynamic range of our observations allows us to measure the relative position of β Pic b with respect to its primary star with greater accuracy than previous observations. Based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, we find the planet has an orbital semi-major axis of 9.1 AU and orbital eccentricity <0.15 at 68% confidence (with 95% confidence intervals of 8.2–48 AU and 0.00–0.82 for semi-major axis and eccentricity, respectively, due to a long narrow degenerate tail between the two). We find that the planet has reached its maximum projected elongation, enabling higher precision determination of the orbital parameters than previously possible, and that the planet's projected separation is currently decreasing. With unsaturated data of the entire β Pic system (primary star, planet, and disk) obtained thanks to NICI's semi-transparent focal plane mask, we are able to tightly constrain the relative orientation of the circumstellar components. We find the orbital plane of the planet lies between the inner and outer disks: the position angle (P.A.) of nodes for the planet's orbit (211.8 ± 0.°3) is 7. 4σ greater than the P.A. of the spine of the outer disk and 3. 2σ less than the warped inner disk P.A. , indicating the disk is not collisionally relaxed. Finally, for the first time we are able to dynamically constrain the mass of the primary star β Pic to 1.76 M☉.
Face-centered-cubic to body-centered-cubic phase transformation of Cu nanoplate under [100] tensile loading

ABSTRACT Molecular dynamics simulation was used to stretch Cu nanoplates along its [100] direction at various strain rates and temperatures. Under high strain rate and beyond the elastic limit, the Cu nanoplates underwent an unusual deformation mechanism with expansion along free surface lateral direction and contraction along the other lateral direction, which leaded to the face-centred-cubic phase transforming into unstressed body-centred-cubic phase. Under low strain rate, the deformation of the nanoplate went back to well-known dislocation mechanism. The face-centred-cubic to body-centred-cubic phase transformation mechanism was further discussed in terms of elastic stability theory and free surface stress effect.
Altitude Illness Practice Guidelines 3 Acetazolamide Multiple trials have established a role for acetazolamide in prevention of AMS

Andrew M. Luks, MD; Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS; Luanne Freer, MD; Colin K. Grissom, MD; Linda E. Keyes, MD; Scott E. McIntosh, MD, MPH; George W. Rodway, PhD, APRN; Robert B. Schoene, MD; Ken Zafren, MD; Peter H. Hackett, MD Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Yellowstone National Park, WY; Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu, HI; Everest ER, Himalayan Rescue Association, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Boulder Community Health, Boulder, CO; Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California, Davis School of Nursing, Sacramento, CA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sound Physicians, St. Mary’s Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Himalayan Rescue Association, Kathmandu, Nepal; Altitude Research Center, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Uralic Languages

In this survey we apply the methodology of [1] to the Uralic family with the specific goal of triage, to help the community decide where the effort is best placed. As in balefield triage, where the relatively lightly wounded and the very heavily wounded are treated last, here we suggest to direct the very limited resources of the computational linguistics community towards the middle class of borderline languages where neither vital nor still/heritage status can be established. e talk will complement from the digital perspective the survey of [2].
MAGNETIZATION DEGREE OF GAMMA-RAY BURST FIREBALLS: NUMERICAL STUDY

The relative strength between forward and reverse shock emission in early gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow reflects that of magnetic energy densities in the two shock regions. We numerically show that with the current standard treatment, the fireball magnetization is underestimated by up to two orders of magnitude. This discrepancy is especially large in the sub-relativistic reverse shock regime (i.e., the thin shell and intermediate regime), where most optical flashes were detected. We provide new analytic estimates of the reverse shock emission based on a better shock approximation, which well describe numerical results in the intermediate regime. We show that the reverse shock temperature at the onset of afterglow is constant, , when the dimensionless parameter ξ0 is more than several. Our approach is applied to case studies of GRB 990123 and 090102, and we find that magnetic fields in the fireballs are even stronger than previously believed. However, these events are still likely to be due to a baryonic jet with σ ∼ 10−3 for GRB 990123 and ∼3 × 10−4 to 3 for GRB 090102.
STAR-CLUSTER MASS AND AGE DISTRIBUTIONS OF TWO FIELDS IN M83 BASED ON HST/WFC3 OBSERVATIONS

We study star clusters in two fields in the nearby spiral galaxy M83 using broadband and narrowband optical imaging taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We present results on the basis of several different catalogs of star clusters in inner and outer fields, and we conclude that different methods of selection do not strongly affect the results, particularly for clusters older than ≈10 Myr. The age distributions can be described by a power law, dN/dτ∝τγ, with γ ≈ −0.84 ± 0.12 in the inner field, and γ ≈ −0.48 ± 0.12 in the outer field for τ ≳ 10 Myr. We bracket the difference, Δγ, between the two fields to be in the 0.18 to 0.36 range, based on estimates of the relative star-formation histories. The mass functions can also be described by a power law, dN/dM∝Mβ, with β ≈ −1.98 ± 0.14 and β ≈ −2.34 ± 0.26 in the inner and outer fields, respectively. We conclude that the shapes of the mass and age distributions of the clusters in the two fields are similar, as predicted by the quasi-universal model. Any differences between the two fields are at the ≈2σ–3σ (≈1σ–2σ) level for the age (mass) distributions. Therefore, any dependence of these distributions on the local environment is probably weak. We compare the shapes of the distributions with those predicted by two popular cluster disruption models. We find that both show evidence that the clusters are disrupted at a rate that is approximately independent of their mass. We compare the shapes of the distributions with those predicted by two popular cluster disruption models, and find that both show evidence that the clusters are disrupted at a rate that is approximately independent of their mass, and that observational results do not support the earlier disruption of lower-mass clusters relative to their higher-mass counterparts.
The aims of this paper were to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV-infected women, and to examine the contribution of demographic, HIV-related variables, and depressive symptoms to neurocognitive performance. In this cross-sectio

The aims of this paper were to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV-infected women, and to examine the contribution of demographic, HIV-related variables, and depressive symptoms to neurocognitive performance. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 103 HIV-infected women, recruited from February to December 2010, was assessed for depressive symptoms [with the Beck Depression Inventory] and neurocognitive performance [with the HIV Dementia Scale]. Severe depressive symptoms were reported by 31.1% of the women. Findings indicated that severe levels of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with reduced cognitive functioning in HIV-infected women, particularly in domains of attention, psychomotor speed, and construction. Older age and low education level were significantly associated with neurocognitive impairment in univariate analyses. In the multivariate model, only depressive symptoms were a significant independent risk factor for neurocognitive impairment. Compared to participants with none/minimal depressive symptoms, those with moderate and severe depressive symptoms had an odds ratio (OR) of 5.03 (95% CI, 1.33-18.99) and 3.22 (95% CI, 1.15-9.06), respectively. These findings support continued investigation of the presence of neurocognitive impairment, particularly among women, and may help mental health providers with early detection, planning, and implementation of more effective interventions.
Scalable verification of probabilistic networks

This paper presents McNetKAT, a scalable tool for verifying probabilistic network programs. McNetKAT is based on a new semantics for the guarded and history-free fragment of Probabilistic NetKAT in terms of finite-state, absorbing Markov chains. This view allows the semantics of all programs to be computed exactly, enabling construction of an automatic verification tool. Domain-specific optimizations and a parallelizing backend enable McNetKAT to analyze networks with thousands of nodes, automatically reasoning about general properties such as probabilistic program equivalence and refinement, as well as networking properties such as resilience to failures. We evaluate McNetKAT's scalability using real-world topologies, compare its performance against state-of-the-art tools, and develop an extended case study on a recently proposed data center network design.
The seeds of sustainable consumption patterns

We present five examples of sustainable consumption measures or campaigns: organic food, changing washing machine use, renting efficient whitegoods, a sustainable lifestyles campaign, and a car-free housing development. The environmental and social impacts of consumption are largely determined through infrastructure, the goods and services available, and habits. Our examples affect habitual use behaviour, the availability of and access to sustainable solutions, or the overall organisation of life. We judge that any of these three targets is important. Sustainable consumption research should focus more on how to shape habits and how to improve the availability and acceptance of sustainable solutions.
A foundation for quantum programming and its highly-parallel virtual execution

The topic of this dissertation stands at the crossroads of two emerging technologies: highly-parallel computing and quantum computing. Both seek to go beyond the limits of current computing practice: in the absence of further miniaturization, highly-parallel computing seeks to increase the available computer power substantially. Quantum Computing looks beyond the classical approach to computation, leveraging quantum-mechanical effects to increase computing power in a fundamental way. In the absence and also in the presence of actual quantum computers it is crucial to support the development of quantum computer applications by creating an appropriate software framework. Creating such a framework currently faces two major research challenges. First, one needs to separate the realization of the quantum computer from the software running on it, whether it is an actual physical or a simulated realization. Our first contribution lies with defining a layered software architecture, ranging from a design tool at the higher abstraction levels to a simulated execution layer underneath. At its core sits a ‘Quantum Virtual Machine’ using the Measurement Calculus as the underlying quantum computational model. Such a virtual machine layer makes the application developed on top of it oblivious to how it is executed. The simulated execution of this quantum virtual machine is fundamentally a computationally intensive task. Parallel computing offers a way to throw more computational resources at the problem, in the light of the saturation of sequential performance of current computers. Simulation is the domain of the second challenge, as it has very high performance requirements. The simulation problem thus becomes: how does one expose the inherent parallelism of quantum computing simulation in a fundamental way, so as to be usable for the highly-parallel computers to come? Our second contribution is to provide a formal translation of quantum programs to highly-parallel dataflow computations, and to develop a virtual environment that compiles and executes such programs. This work demonstrates several properties of both the formal as well as the virtual level of computation that validate our approach.
RECONCILING THE INFRARED CATASTROPHE AND OBSERVATIONS OF SN 2011fe

The observational effects of the “Infrared Catastrophe” are discussed in view of the very late observations of the Type Ia SN 2011fe. Our model spectra at 1000 days take non-local radiative transfer into account and find that this has a crucial impact on the spectral formation. Although rapid cooling of the ejecta to a few 100 K occurs also in these models, the late-time optical/NIR flux is brighter by 1–2 mag due to redistribution of UV emissivity, resulting from non-thermal excitation and ionization. This effect brings models into better agreement with late-time observations of SN 2011fe, and other SNe Ia, and offers a solution to the long-standing discrepancy between models and observations. The models show that spectral formation shifts from Fe ii and Fe iii at 300 days to Fe i at 1000 days, which explains the apparent wavelength shifts seen in SN 2011fe. We discuss the effects of time dependence and energy input from 57Co, finding both to be important at 1000 days.
Influences of the area, shape and connectivity of coastal lakes on the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities in Southern Brazil

In this study we investigated the influence of landscape variables on the alpha taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities in coastal lakes. We built an analytical framework that included possible causal connections among variables, which we analyzed using path analysis. We obtained landscape metrics for the area, shape and connectivity (estuary connectivity and primary connectivity to neighboring lakes) of 37 coastal lakes in the Tramandaí River Basin. We collected fish data from 49 species using standardized sampling with gillnets and obtained a set of traits related to dispersal abilities and food acquisition. The model that best explained the taxonomic diversity and functional richness took into account the shape of the lakes. Functional richness was also explained by estuary connectivity. Functional evenness and dispersion were not predicted by area or connectivity, but they were influenced by the abundant freshwater species. This indicates that all lakes support most of the regional functional diversity. The results highlight the importance of the dispersal process in this lake system and allow the conclusion that considering multiple diversity dimensions can aid the conservation of local and regional fish communities.
The First Day in the Life of a Magnetar: Evolution of the Inclination Angle, Magnetic Dipole Moment, and Braking Index of Millisecond Magnetars during Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

The afterglow emission of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows a shallow decay (plateau) phase implying continuous injection of energy. The source of this energy is very commonly attributed to the spin-down power of a nascent millisecond magnetar. The magnetic dipole radiation torque is considered to be the mechanism causing the spin-down of the neutron star. This torque has a component working for the alignment of the angle between rotation and the magnetic axis, i.e., the inclination angle, which has been neglected in modeling GRB afterglow light curves. Here, we demonstrate the evolution of the inclination angle and magnetic dipole moment of nascent magnetars associated with GRBs. We constrain the initial inclination angle, magnetic dipole moment, and rotation period of seven magnetars by modeling the seven long-GRB afterglow light curves. We find that, in its first day, the inclination angle of a magnetar decreases rapidly. The rapid alignment of the magnetic and rotation axis may address the lack of persistent radio emission from mature magnetars. We also find that in three cases the magnetic dipole moments of magnetars decrease exponentially to a value a few times smaller than the initial value. The braking index of nascent magnetars, as a result of the alignment and magnetic dipole moment decline, is variable during the afterglow phase and always greater than three.
Thinking Forth A Language And Philosophy For Solving Problems

thinking forth a language and philosophy for solving problems is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the thinking forth a language and philosophy for solving problems is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Le The Late Devonian Frasnian – Famennian ( F / F ) biotic crisis : Insights from d 13 Ccarb , d 13 Corg and 87 Sr / 86 Sr isotopic systematics

A severe biotic crisis occurred during the Late Devonian Frasnian–Famennian (F/F) transition (F367 Myr). Here we present dCcarb, d Corg and Sr / Sr isotopic systematics, from identical samples of two sections across F/F boundary in South China, which directly demonstrate large and frequent climatic fluctuations (~200 kyr) from warming to cooling during the F/F transition. These climate fluctuations are interpreted to have been induced initially by increased volcanic outgassing, and subsequent enhanced chemical weathering linked to the rapid expansion of vascular plants on land, which would have increased riverine delivery to oceans and primary bioproductivity, and subsequent burial of organic matter, thereby resulting in climate cooling. Such large and frequent climatic fluctuations, together with volcanic-induced increases in nutrient (e.g., biolimiting Fe), toxin (sulfide) and anoxic water supply, and subsequent enhanced riverine fluxes and microbial bloom, were likely responsible for the stepwise faunal demise of F/ F biotic crisis. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dual Coding Theory

The two mentioned kinds of processing systems, verbal and non-verbal are functionally and structurally independent. This means that each of them can work independently of the other one and that they work on different kinds of representational units. Representational units are “relatively stable long-term information corresponding to perceptually identifiable objects and activities, both verbal and nonverbal. ”. They are divided into:
Robust Digital Watermarking Scheme of Anaglyphic 3 D for RGB Color Images

In this paper, digital watermarking technique using spread spectrum (SS) technology and adaptive DM (dither modulation) with the improved Watson perception model are applied for copyright protection of anaglyphic 3D images. The improved Watson perception model can well solve the problem that the slack do not change linearly as the amplitude scale. Experimental results show that the watermarking schemes provide resistance to Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, JPEG compression, constant luminance change and valumetric scaling; the scheme employing improved Watson perception model is better than the one using unimproved Watson perception model. Compared experiments with the works [4] and [19] were also carried out in experiments. On the other hand, the approach is not sensitive to the JPEG compression while the other based on QIM is not sensitive to constant luminance change and valumetric scaling.
Moduli spaces of sheaves that are semistable with respect to a Kähler polarisation

Using an existence criterion for good moduli spaces of Artin stacks by Alper-Fedorchuk-Smyth we construct a proper moduli space of rank two sheaves with fixed Chern classes on a given complex projective manifold that are Gieseker-Maruyama-semistable with respect to a fixed Kahler class.
Determination of Young'S Modulus of a Metallic Bar Using Traveler Pulse Detection by Fiber Optic Sensors Type LPG

Two fiber optic accelerometers LPG were glued on the surface of a metal rod simply supported at its ends. Transverse and longitudinal pulses were excited at one end of the rule. The sensors were placed near the ends of the rod. Step pulse is detected by each LPG sensor. Measuring the distance between the sensors and travel time pulse, the transmission speeds longitudinal and transverse pulses are determined, from which is the estimated value of the elastic modulus of the metal rod.
Durability and Performance of Ferrocement Infill Wall Panel

Ferrocement is composed of cement mortar reinforced with small diameter closely spaced steel wire mesh to form a thin section conforming high performance of serviceability. The present study investigates the performance of ferrocement panels focused on the mechanical properties, water absorption and durability. A series of specimens were cast with single and double mesh layers. Flexural performance was carried out following sixty days in temperature cycle and in corrosion cell. These results was compared with the controlled sample. The test results shows that the flexural strength performance was reduced by 52% and 35% for single and double layer wire mesh samples respectively followed by corrosion environment. First crack load also changed after completion of sixty temperature cycles. This load is 27.3%, 42.3% and 31.8% of failure load for controlled sample, sample in room air after every temperature cycle and samples in room air following quenching after every temperature cycle respectively for single mesh layer sample, and for double mesh layer sample these values are 38.9%, 30.1% and 17.7%. Early first crack is found for the samples following quenching and cooled in room air; however, both types of samples are in low absorption level. This data represents that double layer mesh specimen exhibits better when compared to single layer mesh specimen in strength and corrosion parameters.