Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Implementation of Kangaroo Holding in a Special Care Nursery

PurposeTo describe factors identified by nurses that promote kangaroo holding in the Special Care Nursery (SCN) environment. Study Design and MethodsDescriptive survey. Sixty-seven experienced registered nurses completed a survey to identify factors that support the implementation of kangaroo holding, including assessment strategies of the infant and family, staffing requirements, and necessary environmental considerations at a 70-bed tertiary care, Level III SCN. ResultsAlthough the primary factor for implementing kangaroo holding was the assessed physiologic stability of the infant (stated by 98.5% of nurses), other factors identified as integral components included adequate staffing patterns, maternal readiness, and encouragement from management. Nurses with 5 or more years of SCN practice were more likely to implement kangaroo care (KC) as an intervention to support attachment for any gestational age neonate. Clinical ImplicationsThe nurses in this study identified management support as an essential factor in utilizing KC, including “educational programs,” “adequate staffing” (so coworkers could help if necessary), and “encouragement” from management as factors that support the practicing nurse in instituting KC. Nursing managers can use this information to help start KC programs in their settings that include adequate education for staff, appropriate staffing to allow time for parent education, and a supportive approach toward fostering KC among infants and parents.
On the nature of shear thinning in nanoscopically confined films

Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) computer simulations were employed to study films in nanometer confinements under shear. Focusing on the response of the viscosity, we found that nearly all the shear thinning takes place inside the solid-oligomer interface and that the adsorbed layers are more viscous than the middle part of the films. Moreover, the shear thinning inside the interfacial area is determined by the wall affinity and is largely insensitive to changes of the film thickness and the molecular architecture. The rheological response of the whole film is the weighted average of these two regions—"viscous" interfacial layer and bulk-like middle part—resulting in an absence of a universal response in the shear thinning regime, in agreement with recent SFA experiments of fluid lubricants.
Relationship between family sizes of two successive generations.

T h e object of the present article is to show, on the basis of sample material described below, that the size of the family from which the parents come holds an important place among the biological and social factors influencing the number of children born to them. This problem, which may be described as the study of the relationship between the fer­ tility of successive generations, has received comparatively little attention from students of differential fertility. Raymond Pearl (1 ) records that “ a number of ad hoc attempts have been made to measure biometrically the degree of inheritance of human fertility, by the technique of correlating size of com­ pleted families in parental and filial generations. ” Among these attempts the study of Karl Pearson and his associates (2) published in 1899 can still be regarded as a classic on the sub­ ject and references to it will be made in the subsequent discus­ sion. More recently Marcel Bresard (3 ) found the existence of positive association between family sizes of two generations within several socio-economic groups, and came to the follow­ ing conclusions: “ Les reinseignements sur la dimension des families sur deux generations ont fourni des indications tres interessantes sur un phenomene important: le caractere traditionel de la fecondite differentielle dans les lignees. ” “Les personnes appartenant a des families nombreuses descendent plus frequemment de parents appartenant eux-memes a des families nombreuses et inversement, les influences tant paternelles que maternelles se manifestant avec une intensite tres voisine, phenomene manifeste dans tons les groupes professionels. ”
Alteration of the Alkaloid Pro fi le in Genetically Modi fi ed Tobacco Reveals a Role of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Nicotine N-Demethylation 1 [ C ] [ W ] [ OA ]

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707 (C.-Y.H., F.S.K., B.M.H., J.X.); Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China (L.F., J.Q., S.T.); Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (K.S., S.R.); Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi 653100, China (B.X.); United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (K.O.B.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (L.P.B.); and AgriTech Interface, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516 (M.A.C.)
NURSES' VIEWS ON SITUATIONS RELATED TO PRIVACY IN PROVIDING HOME CARE FOR PERSONS WITH LONG-TERM MENTAL ILLNESS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

The main aim of this exploratory study was to explore the views of nurses and mental health care workers on situations related to patient privacy in the home care of persons with long-term mental illness in Sweden. A specifically designed questionnaire was developed from theoretical constructs obtained in a qualitative study and distributed to 1,139 respondents. Data from 660 district nurses, psychiatric nurses, and mental health care workers revealed significant differences in perceptions by age, gender, and professional groups. For example, psychiatric nurses and mental health care workers indicated to a greater extent than district nurses feelings that relate to intrusion on patient privacy. Respondents who were 41 years or younger also indicated to a greater extent than those who were older that they felt home care was an intrusion on patient privacy. Moreover, men indicated to a greater extent than women feelings of insecurity in their professional role. Further investigation is needed, especially into how nurses deal with situations that intrude on patient privacy and how nursing intervention impacts on the patients' own sense of privacy.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in children: Recent outcomes and response to dual rituximab/low‐dose chemotherapy combination

Gupta S, Fricker FJ, González‐Peralta RP, Slayton WB, Schuler PM, Dharnidharka VR. Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in children: Recent outcomes and response to dual rituximab/low‐dose chemotherapy combination. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:896–902. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of simple ratings and linear measures of atrophy in the temporal lobe structures obtained with magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN Prospective series. The National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease. Blinded assessment. SETTING Dementia study in a university hospital. SUBJECTS Patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 34), scoring 150 or more on the Extended Scale for Dementia, and age-matched healthy community volunteers (n = 39) who had both magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans and a psychometric assessment using the Extended Scale for Dementia within 6 months were included. MEASURES MAIN MEASURES T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging coronal scans, a 1.5-T system. The degree of atrophy rated (0 to 4) in both sides of the temporal neocortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal formation, temporal horns, third ventricle, lateral ventricles, and frontal and parietal cortex. Linear measures: the area of hippocampus and the maximal transverse width of temporal horns. RESULTS Differentiation between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls was limited by considerable variations in sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed a clear order of discrimination, the entorhinal cortex and the temporal neocortex being the two best, followed by the temporal horns and hippocampal formation. For a given specificity of 90%, the corresponding sensitivity for the entorhinal cortex, temporal neocortex, temporal horns, and hippocampal formation was 95%, 63%, 56%, and 41%, respectively. Linear measures differed significantly but showed considerable overlap. CONCLUSION The presence of rated atrophy in selected temporal structures makes the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease more likely, but the absence does not rule out the possibility of early Alzheimer's disease.
Exploring Genetic Variability at PI, GSK3, HPA, and Glutamatergic Pathways in Lithium Response: Association With IMPA2, INPP1, and GSK3B Genes

Abstract Lithium is considered the first-line treatment in bipolar disorder, although response could range from an excellent response to a complete lack of response. Response to lithium is a complex phenotype in which different factors, part of them genetics, are involved. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of genetic variability at genes related to phosphoinositide, glycogen synthetase kinase-3 (GSK3), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and glutamatergic pathways with lithium response. A sample of 131 bipolar patients (99 type I, 32 type II) were grouped and compared according to their level of response: excellent responders (ER), partial responders (PR), and nonresponders (NR). Genotype and allele distributions of the rs669838 (IMPA2), rs909270 (INNP1), rs11921360 (GSK3B), and rs28522620 (GRIK2) polymorphisms significantly differed between ER, PR, and NR. When we compared the ER versus PR+NR, the logistic regression showed significant association for rs669838-C (IMPA2; P = 0.021), rs909270-G (INPP1; P = 0.009), and rs11921360-A (GSK3B; P = 0.004) with lithium nonresponse. Haplotype analysis showed significant association for the haplotypes rs3791809-rs4853694-rs909270 (INPP1) and rs1732170-rs11921360-rs334558 (GSK3B) and lithium response. Our study is in line with previous studies reporting association between genetic variability at these genes and lithium response, pointing to an effect of IMPA2, INPP1, and GSK3B genes to lithium response in bipolar disorder patients. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to assess the strength of the reported associations.
Increased estrogen formation and estrogen to androgen ratio in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that physiologic levels of estrogens stimulate immune responses whereas androgens suppress inflammatory reactions. Thus, prevalence of synovial androgens relative to estrogens would be favorable in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated synovial fluid (SF) concentrations of several estrogens and androgens and conversion products of the sex steroid precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in supernatants of mixed synoviocytes. METHODS SF steroid concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromotography and mass spectrometry in 12 patients with RA and 8 subjects with traumatic knee injury (noninflammatory controls). Conversion of DHEA to downstream hormones was measured by thin-layer chromatography and phosphorimaging detection in 3 patients with RA and 3 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). RESULTS Overall, SF concentration of free estrogens tended to be higher in RA patients versus controls (p < 0.06). Molar ratio of free SF estrogens/free SF androgens was elevated in RA compared to controls (1.17 +/- 0.32 vs 0.29 +/- 0.08, without unit; p = 0.017). The free SF concentration of the precursor androstenedione was significantly higher in RA patients than in controls (104.6 +/- 32.6 vs 30.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; p = 0.011), and SF estrone the aromatase conversion product of androstenedione was also elevated in RA compared to controls (13.6 +/- 2.6 vs 6.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml; p = 0.035). The biologically active estrogen derivatives, 16a-hydroxyestrone and 4-hydroxyestradiol, were both higher in RA compared to controls (p = 0.085 and p = 0.044, respectively). In mixed RA synoviocytes, DHEA conversion yielded high local levels of 17beta-estradiol (708 pmol/l = 0.193 ng/ml) compared to testosterone (88 pmol/l = 0.026 ng/ml). CONCLUSION SF levels of estrogens relative to androgens are significantly elevated, while those of androgens are markedly reduced, in patients with RA compared to controls. This imbalance is most probably due to increased aromatase activity. Thus, an available steroid precursor, such as DHEA, may be rapidly converted to proinflammatory estrogens in the synovial tissue, which may in turn stimulate the inflammatory process in patients with RA.
Difficult early sonographic diagnosis of absence of the fetal septum pellucidum

Standard sonographic views of the brain obtained along the axial planes at mid‐gestation failed to identify absence of the septum pellucidum in two consecutive fetuses. It was presumably the close proximity of the walls of the lateral ventricles that generated an artifact resembling a normal cavum septi pellucidi. In one of these fetuses, septo‐optic dysplasia was confirmed by magnetic resonance demonstration of hypoplastic optic tracts. In the other fetus, isolated absence of the septum pellucidum was the final diagnosis. Standard axial scans are unreliable in predicting absence of the septum pellucidum in the mid‐trimester fetus when the lateral ventricles are normal in size. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in augmentation of treatment of bipolar depression.

Transient upper motor neuron signs can occur after a variety of reversible disturbances of cortical function including seizures, migraines, deep sleep, anesthesia, or metabolic abnormalities. In his 1952 textbook on ECT, Kalinowsky reports observing the Babinksi sign in approximately one fifth of the cases. Todd’s paralysis, a transient focal neurological deficit after a seizure, has also been reported after ECT. Our patient had no neurological complications during her course of 6 right unilateral ECT treatments at 30% energy, and her depressive illness remitted completely (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 24-Item, score decreased from 28 to 9). Her Babinksi sign was not elicited in subsequent treatments, the significance of which remains to be explored.
A REGISTRY OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH DROTRECOGIN ALFA (ACTIVATED) IN BELGIAN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract Background: Drotrecogin alfa (activated) [DrotAA] is the only specific sepsis therapy that has been shown to reduce mortality. The objectives of this study were to document the profile of patients treated with DrotAA in Belgian intensive care units (ICUs), using data from a database established as part of drug reimbursement conditions in Belgium, and to compare the observed hospital mortality of these patients with their expected mortality, calculated using data from non-DrotAA-treated patients from the Belgian section of PROGRESS, a separate, voluntary, international sepsis registry collecting data from patients with severe sepsis. Material and methods: Data from the non- DrotAA-treated patients in PROGRESS were used to calculate the expected mortality rates for DrotAA-treated patients in the Belgian registry. Using a logistic regression equation, these rates were controlled for age and the presence or absence of organ dysfunction in each of 5 organ systems. The same logistic regression technique was used to control the mortality rates observed in the DrotAAtreated patients from the Belgian registry for age and the presence or absence of each of the 5 organ dysfunctions. Adjusted expected and observed hospital mortality rates could then be compared. Results: There were 436 DrotAA patients in the Belgian registry. Almost all the patients (99.5%) had at least 2 organ failures and the hospital mortality was 51.6%. Two hundred and eighty-six of the patients had enough baseline data to be included in the regression model. Using data from the PROGRESS non-DrotAA patients, the predicted hospital mortality, controlled for age and organ dysfunction, of Belgian registry patients, had they not been treated with DrotAA, was 63.5%. The observed hospital mortality, again controlled for age and organ dysfunction, of the 286 Belgian registry patients was 50.7%, implying an adjusted absolute mortality reduction of 12.8%. Conclusions: Comparing Belgian reimbursement registry data with those of a voluntary severe sepsis register provides support for the observation that DrotAA reduces mortality rates in severe sepsis and septic shock.
The active learning hypothesis of the job–demand–control model: an experimental examination

The active learning hypothesis of the job–demand–control model [Karasek, R. A. 1979. “Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. ” Administration Science Quarterly 24: 285–307] proposes positive effects of high job demands and high job control on performance. We conducted a 2 (demands: high vs. low) × 2 (control: high vs. low) experimental office workplace simulation to examine this hypothesis. Since performance during a work simulation is confounded by the boundaries of the demands and control manipulations (e.g. time limits), we used a post-test, in which participants continued working at their task, but without any manipulation of demands and control. This post-test allowed for examining active learning (transfer) effects in an unconfounded fashion. Our results revealed that high demands had a positive effect on quantitative performance, without affecting task accuracy. In contrast, high control resulted in a speed–accuracy tradeoff, that is participants in the high control conditions worked slower but with greater accuracy than participants in the low control conditions. Practitioner Summary: The job–demand–control model proposes positive effects of high job demands–high job control combinations on active learning and performance. In an experimental workplace simulation, we found positive effects of high demands on quantitative performance, whereas high control resulted in a speed–accuracy trade-off (participants worked slower but were more accurate).
Examination of cellular and molecular events associated with optic nerve axotomy

Purpose: Analyzing cellular behavior during scar formation and determining the expression of growth inhibiting molecules in the optic nerve and retina following acute optic nerve injury. Methods: A rat model of complete transection of the optic nerve that spares the vascular supply and the neural scaffold was used. The response of the optic nerve and retinas to axotomy was studied by immunological and biochemical approaches. Results: Optic nerve axotomy led to massive cell invasion at the site of injury that spread along both sides of the nerve. The cells were microglia, oligodendrocytes, and to a lesser extent astrocytes. A marked induction of semaphorin 3A was evident, especially in the area of the scar, and persisted up to the 28th day of the experiment. Expression of neuropilin‐1, a component of the semaphorin 3A receptor, increased following injury. The molecular events associated with axotomy were studied by measuring the levels of semaphorin 3A, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 in the retina. Semaphorin 3A levels and the activated form of p38 were elevated 3 days post‐axotomy and then declined; ERK1/2 activation levels reached their peak 14 days post axotomy. Acute nerve injury led to morphological alterations in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and the extracellular matrix, disrupting the delicate internal organization of the optic nerve. Conclusions: We suggest that cell invasion, semaphorin 3A and neuropilin‐1 induction, and disruption of the internal organization of the optic nerve contribute to axotomy‐induced degenerative processes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cost of rationing medical care by insurance coverage and by waiting.

This paper raises the question of the least-cost institutional mechanism to secure the value of certainty by reducing risk over the purchase of medical care. Two methods of reducing risk are evaluated: financing medical care with 'complete insurance', that is, ready access to medical care that is free at the point of purchase; and rationing by waiting time in a national health service that supplies a limited volume of medical care. The first system corresponds to the type of insurance held by most people in the United States, while the latter represents a stylized model of a national health service. The cost of over-utilization of services by insured consumers in the U.S. is substantial--larger on a per-family basis, and far larger for the nation, than the cost of under-utilization by those who lack insurance. The cost of rationing by waiting is estimated to be between $541 and $828 per family (in 1984 dollars). Thus, both systems involve costly mis-allocation of resources.
Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) on hot flashes and quality of life in perimenopausal women: a randomized pilot trial

Objective: The aim of this pilot double-blind, randomized clinical trial, which initially targeted breast cancer survivors, was to obtain preliminary evidence of the effect of Hypericum perforatum extract (St. John's wort extract) compared with placebo on symptoms and quality of life of symptomatic perimenopausal women. We also assessed practical difficulties in recruiting women to such a trial. Methods: Symptomatic perimenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years who experience hot flashes (three or more per day, Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study scale) were randomly assigned to receive ethanolic St. John's wort extract (900 mg TID) or placebo. The women were asked to keep a daily diary during the week before randomization and during the week before the 3-month follow-up (primary outcome) to record hot flash frequency and intensity. A hot flash score (frequency × severity) was calculated. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire was used to assess menopause-specific quality of life. Results: Forty-seven women were randomized. After 12 weeks of treatment, a nonsignificant difference favoring the St. John's wort group was observed in the daily hot flash frequency (St. John's wort, −2.3 ± 3.6; placebo, −1.0 ± 2.2; P = 0.11) and the hot flash score (−3.8 ± 8.3 and −1.8 ± 6.5, respectively; P = 0.10). After 3 months of treatment, compared with the placebo group, women in the St. John's wort group reported significantly better menopause-specific quality of life (P = 0.01) and significantly fewer sleep problems (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Hypericum perforatum may improve quality of life in ways that are important to symptomatic perimenopausal women, but these results need to be confirmed by a larger clinical trial.
Best of both worlds

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings How firms perform with new product launches significantly depends on the strategic approach adopted. Both innovation and imitation offer specific benefits but have risks attached too. By adopting a combination innovation strategy, it is possible for organizations to exploit the advantages of each approach and also minimize any negative impact from these risks. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.