Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Regions Affecting Female Aggression and Receptivity in Drosophila melanogaster

The genetic tools that exist in Drosophila melanogaster make it possible to assess the influence of specific regions of the brain on complex behaviour. Examples of such behaviours include female aggression and receptivity to male courtship. Silencing a candidate region called the mushroom body (MB) was found to decrease female receptivity. Additionally, silencing a specific subset of the MB, the alpha/beta lobes, was also found to decrease receptivity. SIFamide neurons are known to affect receptivity, though manipulation of SIFamide signaling in the MB produced no such changes in receptivity. Aggression, another complex behaviour in Drosophila, was also affected by genetically controlled neural manipulation. More specifically, hyperactivation of a subset of neurons expressing the doublesex gene was found to incite high amounts of aggression in females but not males. Furthermore, the aggression demonstrated by these females differed based on the stimulus presented by the partners, with locomotion being a major elicitor of aggression.
ifh Working Papers No . 7 DUI mode learning and barriers to innovation – the case of Germany

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of informal modes of learning based on Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI). Innovating firms from Germany are grouped according to the degree to which they combine DUI mode competencies with formal learning of science and technology (i.e. the Science, Technology and Innovation – STI – mode). To more deeply assess the practical relevance of this grouping for innovation policy, it is subsequently examined how a firm’s learning mode relates to the relevance of different sets of innovation barriers. According to the empirical results, DUI mode learning is generally important in the field of innovation, since it occurs either in its pure form or in combination with formal processes of research and development (R&D). Moreover, the more dominant that the DUI mode of learning is at the company level, the more likely that the corresponding firm is small. In such a less R&D-oriented knowledge environment, innovating firms can exploit certain competitive advantages when they concentrate on their experience-based DUI mode competencies. On the other hand, firms trying to compensate for limited in-house R&D capabilities through collaboration with external partners have to overcome a number of knowledge and market barriers to innovation. The paper concludes with implications for policy and research.
Analysis of Interruptions in Classroom Group Discussions

Interruption is often seen as a negative gesture for someone to take the floor. However, through further research, it was proven that interruption can be used as a way to encourage and support other speakers in the conversation. With this, the research aims to determine the classifications and purposes of interruptions used in classroom group discussions and the factors that led these interruptions to take place. The data were gathered from the selected group of English and Filipino Majors through the use of audio and video recording devices. The conversations in group discussions were transcribed using Gumperz et al. (1993) transcription method which then were classified and interpreted through the classifications of interruption by Ferguson et al. (1977). Results showed that the participants‟ interruptions were mostly classified as cooperative/supportive in Filipino (L1) and silent in English (L2). Furthermore, there are myriads of reasons as to why students interrupt and some of these are to agree, to disagree or to contribute meaningfully in the discussion. This study is a part of the growing body of research on interruptions in the classroom; thus, allow teachers to construct ways to use group discussion to enhance students‟ fluency and utilization of L1 and L2.
Vitamin B 12-fortified toothpaste improves vitamin status in elderly people : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study

Background Elderly people are at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. Aims We studied the ability of vitamin B12-enriched toothpaste vs. placebo to increase vitamin B12 status in elderly subjects. Methods We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled intervention in 103 elderly subjects. Serum concentrations of vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Results 92 subjects met the inclusion criteria, completed the 3 months study, and were included in the data analysis. After the intervention, concentrations of vitamin B12 were higher [mean (SD) = 368 (123) vs. 295 (123) pmol/L; p = 0.005] and holoTC tended to be higher [112 (48) vs. 91 (68) pmol/L; p = 0.088] in the vitamin B12 group compared with the placebo group. The changes of serum vitamin B12 [54 (74) vs. 3 (60) pmol/L, p < 0.001], holoTC [21 (34) vs. 2 (32) pmol/L, p = 0.007], and tHcy [− 0.9 (2.3) vs. 0.3 (1.9) μmol/L, p = 0.010] were significantly different between the intervention groups. Mean percentage increase of serum vitamin B12 (+ 23% corresponds to + 54 pmol/L) in the vitamin B12 toothpaste group suggests that the intervention had provided an additional daily intake of approximately + 7 μg oral B12. Common diseases and drugs did not predict the change of blood markers in the vitamin group. No side effects were observed. Conclusions The toothpaste enriched with 100 μg cyanocobalamin/g has increased vitamin B12 status and can thus be used for preventing vitamin B12 depletion in elderly people. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02679833.
The Effects of Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Functions Tests and Arteriel Blood Gas for The Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

This study has been done to determine the effects of pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises on pulmonary functions tests and arteriel blood gas for the patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The research has been done in GMMA Thorax Diseases and Tuberculosis Clinic. The population of the research has consisted of the patients hospitalised because of COPD in a year. The sample has consisted of the patients with the same problem hospitalised from January 2002 to May 2002. Within this period, the patients hospitalised for the first two weeks of the month have been accepted as control group and the patients hospitalised for the last two weeks have been accepted as case group. Case group has involved 16 patients and control group has involved 18 patients. Before treatment, blood has been taken from all the patients and arterial blood gas and pulmonary function tests has been done. For the patients in the control group, care and treatment have been applied only in the framework of clinical routine until they have been discharged. The patients in the case group have been done pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises for ten days. After 10 days, blood has been taken and arterial blood gas and pulmonary functions tests have been done the patients in both groups and the results have been recorded. The data obtained have been evaluated through SPSS 10.0 statistical program. At the end of the research, it has been found that there has been no significant difference between the case group and control group in terms of arterial blood gas and pulmonary functions tests results. However, after a 10-day breathing exercise period of the case group, it has been revealed that there has been a statistically significant difference (decrease) in the value of PaC02 (z=2.744, p=0.006). It has been explored that there has been a significant decrease in the breathing rate and dyspnea of the patients in the case group. Average hospitalization period of the patients in the control group has been 15 days while it has been 13 days for the case group. It has'nt been statistically significant(z=0.658, p=0.511).
Credit Spreads as Predictors of Economic Activity in Eight European Economies

In this paper we examine the relationship between real activity and financial market tightness in Europe using data on 500 straight corporate bonds between July 1994 and May 2011 for Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain – and the United Kingdom. We evaluate the importance of credit spreads in predicting real activity at the individual country level, and find they are consistent predictors of real activity even when we include measures of monetary policy tightness and other leading indicator variables. Our results are consistent at different forecast horizons and are robust to different measures of the credit spreads. When we compare the predictive ability of the credit spread and the excess bond premium in individual countries within the euro area and outside the euroarea, we find that only the core European countries have similar predictive ability in the credit spreads. Other countries in the euro area, and the UK, do not have similar predictive ability in the credit spreads.
Effect of simulated microgravity on human chondrocyte-like cells

Background: Cartilage tissue engineering shows a promising prospect for human cartilage reconstruction. However, the effect of microgravity rotating culture system on the proliferation of tissue-engineered human chondrocyte-like cells remains poorly understood. Materials and methods: Chondrocyte-like cells differentiated from human multipotent adult progenitor cells were seeded in the three-dimensional composite scaffold. They were cultured for three weeks under simulated microgravity environment by rotating cell culture system or under the static environment. Structure of complexes was determined by scanning electron microscopy, while HE-staining, immunohistological staining for type II collagen and MTT assay of both group samples were conducted after threeweek culture. Results: Micrographs under scanning electron microscopy represented the structure of scaffold, in which chondrocyte-like cells appeared. HE-staining analysis exhibited more cells within the scaffold in the simulated microgravity group than that in the control group. The immunohistological staining result showed that the contents of collagen type II were higher in chondrocyte-like cells exposed to simulated microgravity. The chondrocyte-like cells proliferated faster in the simulated microgravity group than that in normal group as demonstrated by MTT assay. Conclusions: Simulated microgravity promotes the proliferation and matrix production of tissue-engineered human chondrocyte-like cells, suggesting the promising prospect of simulated microgravity by rotating cell culture system combined with tissue-engineered cartilage for human cartilage reconstruction.
HIGH FREQUENCY IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ALOE VERA L . THROUGH SHOOT TIP CULTURE

A high frequency in vitro plant regeneration in Aloe veraL. was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l NAA + 40.0 mg/l Ads using shoot tip as explants. Maximum 90% of the explants were produced multiple shoot in this medium. The average number of shoot per explant was 36.70 ± 2.25 and the average shoot length of 10.60 ± 2.70 cm were observed after 120 days of culture. Shoots rooted well when they were transferred into half strength MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA. The average number of root per shoot was 12.60 ± 0.45 and the average root length of 6.90 ± 0.40 cm were recorded in this medium after 30 days of culture whilst 90% shoots induced root.
Mandibular hypertrophic osteodystrophy fibrosa in a German shepherd puppy.

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy is a developmental disease of unknown etiology and affects primarily young rapidly growing large and giant breed dogs. The present study reports a case of mandibular hypertrophic osteodystrophy fibrosa in a 6-month-old male German shepherd puppy admitted with a history of one month decreased appetite, difficulty in chewing, and open mouth with continuous drooling. Clinical examination revealed thickened mandible and filling of the intermandibular space with hard tissue. Radiography revealed bone-like material filling the intermandibular space. Biopsy from the thickened mandibular mass demonstrated marked osteoclastic activity and resorption of bone trabeculae that were replaced by fibrous connective tissue. The marrow cavity was filled with massive fibrous tissue mixed with hemorrhage and osteoclasts. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy fibrosa should be taken into consideration in dogs with mandibular masses. Radiography and histologic evaluation are suitable tools to differentiate hypertrophic osteodystrophy. fibrosa from mandibular neoplasms and cranio-mandibular osteopathy.
THE EFFECT OF NOSTALGIA MARKETING TOWARDS ADVERTISING ENGAGEMENT ( AQUA CASE )

This research examines the effect of nostalgia marketing towards the advertising engagement. This study attempts to provide an insight and to contribute a research finding about the effect of nostalgia marketing towards advertising engagement. The hypotheses were tested using data collected from two experiments of nostalgic and non-nostalgic groups. Findings indicate that people who have nostalgic feeling towards the ads is engaged with the ads, measured by how they remember the message of the ads and brand image. This paper concludes with a discussion of managerial implications, limitations and directions for future research.
THE ROLE OF MEDIATOR IN THE BREACH OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND TRUST AMONG EMPLOYEES

Today, working in organizations has undergone major changes. Breach of the psychological contract is an important factor that affects an employee's psychological condition. Workers in the formal and informal organizations play an important role especially in meeting the organizational goals and the quality of service. Previous studies show that the breach of the psychological contract in these organizations influences on how services are provided by the employees. The employees are also influenced by variables such as breach of the psychological contract, trust, psychological investment and so on are. This article tries to measure the variables and by providing a questionnaires to the employees to achieve a conceptual model. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational based on the structural equations. Results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between psychological capital and trust, and also between breach of the psychological capital and trust. The variables examined in this study should be considered for a better understanding of the psychological conditions among the staff. Other researchers also consider these variables important for survival of the organization and better communication with the people in the organization.
Precautionary Savings and Pecuniary Externalities : Optimal Taxes on Capital in the OLG Model with Idiosyncratic Income Risk ∗

We characterize the optimal linear tax on capital in an Overlapping Generations model with two period lived households who face uninsurable idiosyncratic labor income risk. For logarithmic utility we provide a full analytical solution of the Ramsey problem. The Ramsey government internalizes that an increase in the household saving rate impacts wages and interest rate in general equilibrium. With logarithmic utility this pecuniary externality general equilibrium e ect exactly cancels out the standard precautionary savings e ect so that the optimal aggregate saving rate, the share of aggregate (labor) income devoted to capital accumulation, is constant and independent of idiosyncratic income risk. The constant tax on capital implementing this saving rate is increasing in income risk, but might be positive or negative, depending on how the Ramsey government values current and future generations and the extent of income risk. If the Ramsey tax rate that maximizes steady state utility is positive, then implementing this tax rate permanently generates a Pareto-improving transition from the unregulated steady state equilibrium even if this equilibrium is dynamically e cient. We generalize our results to arbitrary Epstein-Zin-Weil utility and show that the optimal steady state saving rate is increasing in the amount of income risk if and only if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) is smaller than 1. The associated tax rate is increasing in income risk unless both the IES and risk aversion are large.
MU R-CNN: A Two-Dimensional Code Instance Segmentation Network Based on Deep Learning

In the context of Industry 4.0, the most popular way to identify and track objects is to add tags, and currently most companies still use cheap quick response (QR) tags, which can be positioned by computer vision (CV) technology. In CV, instance segmentation (IS) can detect the position of tags while also segmenting each instance. Currently, the mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) method is used to realize IS, but the completeness of the instance mask cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, due to the rich texture of QR tags, low-quality images can lower intersection-over-union (IoU) significantly, disabling it from accurately measuring the completeness of the instance mask. In order to optimize the IoU of the instance mask, a QR tag IS method named the mask UNet region-based convolutional neural network (MU R-CNN) is proposed. We utilize the UNet branch to reduce the impact of low image quality on IoU through texture segmentation. The UNet branch does not depend on the features of the Mask R-CNN branch so its training process can be carried out independently. The pre-trained optimal UNet model can ensure that the loss of MU R-CNN is accurate from the beginning of the end-to-end training. Experimental results show that the proposed MU R-CNN is applicable to both high- and low-quality images, and thus more suitable for Industry 4.0.
Incidence of HIV infection in rural KwaZulu-Natal in the context of the epidemiology and impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa.

South Africa has had one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world and almost 30% of women attending public antenatal clinics (ANC) are currently infected with the virus. But as the epidemic is starting to level off and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is becoming increasingly available, few methods exist to determine the impact of ART or other interventions on the epidemic in South Africa. This thesis explores the epidemiology and dynamics of HIV infection and investigates the potential impact of ART. Methods Total and age-specific prevalence data are analysed in time and space and are used to investigate patterns of infection in men and women, urban and rural, and low and high risk populations. Dynamical models are developed to estimate incidence from age-specific prevalence and trends over time and are compared to laboratory-based estimates of recent HIV sero-conversion. Incidence is estimated in different populations in South Africa. A dynamical model is developed to estimate the impact of ART on the future course of the HIV epidemic. Results HIV prevalence varies geographically and by age, sex and race. The average female-tomale HIV prevalence ratio is 1.7 and prevalence peaks at an older age among men than women. The age at which prevalence peaks among women has increased from 23.0 to 26.5 years between 1995 and 2002. Four patterns of infection are identified: among pregnant women attending ANCs, among men and women in the general population, and among migrant workers. HIV incidence among ANC attendees peaked in the mid to late 1990s (at 6.6% per year nationally) with variation between provinces. Current estimates of HIV prevalence and incidence among the general population in South Africa (aged 15-49 year) are 18.8% and 2.4% per year, respectively. Age-specific incidence estimates from dynamical models and laboratory methods are in good agreement provided the window period for the laboratory method is increased. Over the next ten years the provision of ART could avert 1 to 1.5 million deaths depending on whether it is provided when the CD4 cell count falls to 200 or 350 cells/ul. By 2015 about 1.1 million people will be receiving ART but this will have little impact on the incidence of HIV and scaling up of prevention efforts remains urgent. Conclusions The thesis explores some of the determinants and patterns of HIV prevalence and incidence in South Africa in order to find better ways to manage the epidemic of HIV, monitor changes and evaluate progress in control efforts. In order to fight the epidemic we need to mobilize the best possible science in support of those people and communities affected by the epidemic.
Isoviscs as useful parameters for describing sedimentation

To enable better judgement of the sludge situation in the outer harbour of Emden, a series of measurements were carried out in 1999. In this connection both a newly developed procedure to determine the nautical horizon in this typical Fluid-Mud Region and the more conventional “classical” procedures to determine and describe the density/consistency-relationship and the yield stress of these layers were applied. The first results of this investigation are described here and methods will be discussed of how these “new” procedures could be combined with the “classical” ones.
The Characteristics and Needs of Asian-American Grandparent Caregivers

Abstract This study addresses the characteristics and needs of Asian-American grandparent caregivers. This population has been ignored in the past by social services providers and researchers in New York City. For this study, one hundred and one Chinese-American and Korean-American grandparents were recruited with the help of various organizations. The results suggest that most Asian-American grandparents are extensive caregivers who provide a significant proportion of their grandchildren's day care while the parents are at work, without having legal guardianship or primary care-giving responsibility. It also appears that major difficulties and needs of Asian-American grandparent caregivers may be different from those of non-Hispanic whites, African-Americans and Hispanics since the groups are different in terms of immigration history, acculturation and their status as grandparent care-givers. Surprisingly, and contrary to widespread perception, Asian-American grandparent caregivers want access to services that are appropriate to their needs. Implications of the results for practice and research include the need for service extension for Asian-American grandparent extensive caregivers, implementation of culturally and linguistically appropriate services and programs, education of social work practitioners and program planners and further studies.
Studies on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Cissampelos pareira ( L . )

The present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro callus induction, phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial act ivity of C. pareira. The sterilized exp lants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of auxins and cytokinins for callus induction. The methanolic ext racts of leaf, stem, root and callus were used for phytochemical and antioxidant assays using standard methods. The antibacterial activ ity was analyzed by agar well diffusion method against different bacterial strains. The significant percentage of callus induction was observed on MS medium fortified with 2, 4-D, NAA and in combination of NAA + KIN showed the significant percentage of callus induction from leaf and stem explants. The maximum content of total flavonoids and alkalo ids were recorded in root. Whereas, higher total tannins and phenolic content were observed in stem and callus respectively. The methanolic stem ext racts of C. pareira showed significant antioxidant activity followed by leaf and callus ext ract. The maximum zone of inhib ition was observed in root and stem against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa respectively. In conclusion, effective protocol for callus induction was developed and further studies have to be carried out to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds from this important medicinal p lant.