Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes to Mathematics

This chapter aims to explore why attitudes towards mathematics are generally so poor in Britain. It will encourage you to reflect on the immense effect this can have on the teaching and learning of mathematics, and to consider both the consequences of this and its possible solutions by: 1. Exploring our society’s general attitudes towards mathematics 2. Examining why it is so important that these general attitudes change 3. Considering how such attitudes may have evolved: a) The contribution of popular culture and the British media b) Adults reflections on their childhood experiences c) Parental influence over developing attitudes 4. Exploring the difficulties experienced by some of our primary school teachers 5. Reflecting on the way forward and how you can play a part in affecting change
Regulatory T Cells and Their Association with Serum Markers and Symptoms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Impairment in number and functions of regulatory T cells (Treg) has been found to be associated with many autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to identify and compare Treg by flow cytometry using two different staining approaches.Methods: Treg were identified by using CD4+CD25+high and CD4+CD25+CD127dim staining approaches in SLE and RA patients and healthy controls. Association of both identified Treg levels with various serum markers and clinical presentation was also examined.Results: Blood CD4+CD25+CD127dim cells levels were 11.4+3.57 %, 9.76+2.37 % and 6.95+1.16 %; while CD4+CD25+high cells were 1.46+1.09 %, 0.95+0.59 % and 1.87+1.14 % in SLE patients, RA patients and healthy controls respectively. Number of CD4+CD25+CD127dim cells was higher than CD4+CD25+high cells in blood samples of all three study groups. Levels of CD4+CD25+CD127dim cells were significantly higher in SLE and RA patients, compared to healthy controls, but this difference was not observed for CD4+CD25+high Treg. CD4+CD25+high levels showed significant correlation with serum C4, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in healthy subjects and with C4 levels and fever in SLE patients. CD4+CD25+CD127dim levels showed significant association with alopecia and oral ulcers in SLE patients only, but no correlation with measured serum markers.Conclusion: Results suggest that both staining approaches detect Treg differently and also that Treg play different role in pathogenesis of SLE and RA.
Congruent Behavior without Interpersonal Commitment: Evidence from a Common Pool Resource Game

Abstract Cheap talk, mainly in the form of promises, has shown to increase the efficiency in bilateral exchanges and to promote cooperation. This paper provides evidence of consistent behavior when messages aiming to directly update the recipients' second order beliefs, instead of updating first order beliefs as promises do, are exchanged. Artisanal fishermen played a common pool resource game in which they were allowed to send simultaneous non-binding recommendations to their exogenously predefined neighbors. Building a link between experimental behavior and survey data, I found that the preferences for being consistent (i.e. for minimizing the difference between the extraction level and the outgoing recommendation) are negatively correlated with the earnings considered as satisfactory by the fishermen that took part in the study, but they are not correlated with their realized earnings
Effects of Different Fertilizer Application Level on Growth and Physiology of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Kenaf) Planted on BRIS Soil

Hibiscus cannabinus L. or Kenaf is one of the most potential annual crop planted throughout the world. Being fast growing and multipurpose, it has been utilized as a substitute of jute and, more recently, as raw product for the production of pulp and paper. With strong and long fiber yield, mass production of Kenaf throughout Malaysia is critical. The utilization of less fertile soils such as BRIS soils is important to increase the Kenaf production throughout Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different level fertilizer application on growth and physiology of Kenaf planted on BRIS soils. V36 variety was used and planted in three different plots by treatments with fertilizers namely high (1960 kg/ plot), medium (1260 kg/ plot) and low (700 kg/ plot) respectively. Each plot comprises 106,000 trees where trees were planted on 20 lines. There were contrasting results on the effects of fertilizer on growth and physiology of Kenaf in the dry (41 days) and wet season (64 days). Significant effects were only observed for diameter, height, leaf number and area during the wet season. Similar results were also found for biomass. The increasing trends with increasing the rates of fertilizer were observed in the wet season for growth and biomass parameters. The correlation analyses between total aboveground biomass with diameter and height were more pronounced in the wet season. AGR, RGR and EG calculated from the differences between the dry and wet season readings for aboveground biomass showed that the higher rate of fertilizer recorded the higher values of AGR and RGR. However, no trend was observed for EG.
Technology Spillover and Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: An Analysis of Indian Manufacturing Industries

This paper examines the technology spillover from foreign direct investment (FDI) and subsequently, determines the factors for FDI-participation in Indian manufacturing industries. The result based on a two-equation model facilitating the link between labor productivity and foreign presence suggests that foreign presence plays an important role in the diffusion of technology from foreign firms to domestic firms, provided the recipient firms have the capacity to absorb and adopt the foreign technology. Furthermore, the results suggest that industries experiencing decline in the tariff cost exhibit stronger growth in labor productivity. Finally, we find that large domestic market size and highly productive domestic sectors, are likely to attract more FDI from abroad.
Fecal calprotectin among patients infected with some protozoan infections

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a vital system in the body of human being, several assessor organs are joined with it. Maintaining GIT healthy from any infectious agents give raises healthy body. The more famous mysteries to this system are factorial involving; International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 3258-3274 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Wintertime aerosol chemical composition, volatility, and spatial variability in the greater London area

Abstract. The composition of PM1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 µm) in the greater London area was characterized during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) project in winter 2012. Two high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (HR-ToF-AMS) were deployed at a rural site (Detling, Kent) and an urban site (North Kensington, London). The simultaneous and high-temporal resolution measurements at the two sites provide a unique opportunity to investigate the spatial distribution of PM1. We find that the organic aerosol (OA) concentration is comparable between the rural and urban sites, but the contribution from different sources is distinctly different between the two sites. The concentration of solid fuel OA at the urban site is about twice as high as at the rural site, due to elevated domestic heating in the urban area. While the concentrations of oxygenated OA (OOA) are well-correlated between the two sites, the OOA concentration at the rural site is almost twice that of the urban site. At the rural site, more than 70 % of the carbon in OOA is estimated to be non-fossil, which suggests that OOA is likely related to aged biomass burning considering the small amount of biogenic SOA in winter. Thus, it is possible that the biomass burning OA contributes a larger fraction of ambient OA in wintertime than what previous field studies have suggested. A suite of instruments was deployed downstream of a thermal denuder (TD) to investigate the volatility of PM1 species at the rural Detling site. After heating at 250 °C in the TD, 40 % of the residual mass is OA, indicating the presence of non-volatile organics in the aerosol. Although the OA associated with refractory black carbon (rBC; measured by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer) only accounts for
Astrophysical parameters and orbital solution of the peculiar X-ray transient IGR J00370+6122

Context. BD +60 ◦ 73 is the optical counterpart of the X-ray source IGR J00370+6122, a probable accretion-powered X-ray pulsar. The X-ray light curve of this binary system shows clear periodicity at 15.7 d, which has been interpreted as repeated outbursts around the periastron of an eccentric orbit. Aims. We aim to characterise the binary system IGR J00370+6122 by deriving its orbital and physical parameters. Methods. We obtained high-resolution spectra of BD +60 ◦ 73 at different epochs. We used the fastwind code to generate a stellar atmosphere model to fit the observed spectrum and obtain physical magnitudes. The synthetic spectrum was used as a template for cross-correlation with the observed spectra to measure radial velocities. The radial velocity curve provided an orbital solution for the system. We also analysed the RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT light curves to confirm the stability of the periodicity. Results. BD +60 ◦ 73 is a BN0.7 Ib low-luminosity supergiant located at a distance ∼3.1 kpc, in the Cas OB4 association. We derive Teff = 24 000 K and log gc = 3.0, and chemical abundances consistent with a moderately high level of evolution. The spectroscopic and evolutionary masses are consistent at the 1-σ level with a mass M∗ ≈ 15 M� . The recurrence time of the X-ray flares is the orbital period of the system. The neutron star is in a high-eccentricity (e = 0.56 ± 0.07) orbit, and the X-ray emission is strongly peaked around orbital phase φ = 0.2, though the observations are consistent with some level of X-ray activity happening at all orbital phases. Conclusions. The X-ray behaviour of IGR J00370+6122 is reminiscent of “intermediate” supergiant X-ray transients, though its peak luminosity is rather low. The orbit is somewhat wider than those of classical persistent supergiant X-ray binaries, which when combined with the low luminosity of the mass donor, explains the low X-ray luminosity. IGR J00370+6122 will very likely evolve towards a persistent supergiant system, highlighting the evolutionary connection between different classes of wind-accreting X-ray sources.
Precognition as a form of prospection: A review of the evidence.

Prospection, the act of attempting to foresee one’s future, is generally assumed to be based on conscious and nonconscious inferences from past experiences and anticipation of future possibilities. Most scientists consider the idea that prospection may also involve influences from the future to be flatly impossible due to violation of common sense or constraints based on one or more physical laws. We present several classes of empirical evidence challenging this common assumption. If this line of evidence can be successfully and independently replicated using preregistered designs and analyses, then the consequences for the interpretation of experimental results from any empirical domain would be profound.
Tensile behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastics subjected to different environmental conditions

Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites are being used in a large number of diverse applications ranging from aerospace to sports equipment. The mechanical and environmental characterization of these materials is necessary to further enhance their application spectrum. GFRP composites are subjected to different working environments when put into service. The mechanical behavior of polymeric matrix composites in particular is affected by the environmental conditions. There is an imminent need to investigate the mechanical behavior of these materials when subjected to various types of environments for different exposure times. The objective of the present research endeavor is to characterize the tensile behavior of the GFRP composites when exposed to brine, acid and base solution, Ganga water, freezing conditions and kerosene oil for four different exposure times. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of GFRP plates is affected at different levels when subjected to selected environmental conditions for various exposure times.
The importance of nitric oxide availability in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury : regulatory roles of arginase, L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin

4 List of abbreviations 5 List of original papers 6 Introduction 7 Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury 7 Nitric oxide in regulation of cardiovascular function 7 Nitric oxide availability in vascular dysfunction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury 10 Remote ischemic conditioning and nitric oxide availability in myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury 13 Aims 15 Material and methods 16 Animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion 16 Rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus 17 Experimental protocols 17 Determination of area at risk and infarct size 18 Myocardial arginase activity 19 Myocardial ROCK activity 19 Peroxynitrite formation in myocardium 19 Immunoblotting 19 Determination of tetrahydrobiopterin levels in myocardium 20 Determination of superoxide production in myocardium 20 Statistical analysis 21 Results 22 Mechanisms of the cardioprotection induced by arginase inhibition (Study I) 22 Cardioprotective effects of L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin (Study II) 24 ROCK signaling and arginase upregulation following myocardia ischemia-reperfusion: Effects of remote ischemic perconditioning, ROCK inhibition and arginase inhibition on infarct size (Study III) 27 Influence of diabetes on cardioprotection induced by arginase inhibition, ROCK inhibition and remote ischemic perconditioning (Studies III-IV) 30 General discussion 35 Mechanisms of protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by arginase inhibition 35 Role of L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin for the protection against myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury 37 The interaction between the ROCK pathway and arginase in myocardial ischemiareperfusion 38 The role of ROCK and arginase in cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic perconditioning 38 The importance of diabetes for cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion 39 Limitations 40 Future perspectives 40 Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 43 References 45
Initial observations of mesospheric winds using IDI Radar measurements at the Bear Lake Observatory

The adaptation of Imaging Doppler Interferometry (IDI) to the dynasonde deployed at the Bear Lake Observatory (41.9°N, 111.4°W) in northeastern Utah enables the routine measurement of mesospheric dynamics. Influenced by the direction of the prevailing wind, a clear seasonal variation is seen in the mesospheric echo numbers. The technique also provides a monitor for the amplitude of the main tidal modes as well as for studying planetary waves with periods of several days. The observations are found to be consistent with those from different instruments based at the same site thus confirming the IDI characterisation of the mesospheric wind field.
COMPOSITION RANGES AND EXSOLUTION PAIRS FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES FROM FELBERTAL, AUSTRIA

A combination of electron-microprobe data, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry and BSE-based image analysis of polished sections was used to evaluate the composition of single-phase grains, replacement aggregates and exsolution intergrowths of the members of the bismuthinite–aikinite series from the scheelite deposit at Felbertal, Austria. Composition ranges of the classical products and new members of the series have been established, and the mineral associations in products of replacement and exsolution defined. The deposit contains a nearly complete range of bismuthinite–aikinite derivatives, the proportion of the aikinite component in them ranging from 3 to 95%. Three independent events of sulfosalt replacement were recognized at Felbertal, respectively yielding krupkaite, gladite and Cu-bearing bismuthinite as replacement products of the older bismuthinite–aikinite derivatives. Exsolution in the bismuthinite–aikinite series proceeds at each stage toward a pair of phases that are compositionally closest to the parent phase, building up to three-stage exsolution-induced sequences not described before. Ample documentation on these, as well as on all the measured compositions and crystallography of bismuthinite–aikinite derivatives, form part of this paper. We attempt a geological interpretation of the observed spatial distribution of the observed phenomena over the scale of the deposit.
Genetic Possibilities to Reduce Calf Mortality

Calf mortality is a trait that needs more attention especially because the stillbirth rates have increased within the Holstein population. In Denmark the stillbirth rate is 11% at first calving and 6% at later calvings. With this background a PhD study, which aimed to describe the genetic possibilities to reduce the calf mortality, has been carried out. The study showed that stillbirth at first calving has high genetic variance both as a direct (calf) trait and as a maternal (cow) trait. At later calvings the genetic variance is much lower. The calf mortality after birth was found to have low genetic variance but management practices were found to be quite important for this trait. Stillbirth needs to be recorded, monitored, and genetically evaluated to reduce the stillbirth rate. A genetic evaluation for calving ease only, is not efficient to reduce the stillbirth rate, because the correlation between calving ease and stillbirth is only moderately high. The Danish calving and birth index consist of information of stillbirth, calving difficulty, and calf size. The indices are found to be efficient tools for lowering the stillbirth rate. The most important and efficient way to gain long-term genetic improvements of the stillbirth rate is to take direct and maternal effects of calving traits into account when selecting sires of sons. Sires of Danish AI-bulls have historically been chosen without putting much emphasis on calving traits. However, it is my impression that Danish Holstein breeders are now motivated to reduce the mortality. Background Calf mortality is a trait which has an ethical importance but indeed also an economic importance on the dairy farm. The economic importance of calf mortality consists of the loss of the calf and the additional work relating to mortality. Calf mortality at birth is also associated with more calving difficulties and health problems for the cows. Therefore, good arguments for lowering the calf mortality rate exist. Action can be taken by improving management factors and by improving the genetic factors deciding the ability of the calf to survive. The aim of the article is to describe the genetic possibilities that may reduce the calf mortality rate. My focus is on calf mortality at birth (also known as stillbirth) but also calf mortality after birth has my attention. This article is based on results from the PhD thesis (Hansen, 2004) combined with updated information from the Danish Cattle Federation.
Hyperprogressive disease in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab: A case series

Nivolumab is an anti‐PD‐1 blocking monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some patients on immunotherapy may experience rapid progression and worsening clinical status, known as hyperprogressive disease. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with NSCLC administered nivolumab therapy at Toneyama National Hospital, Japan, from January 2016 to January 2018. Of the 87 patients administered nivolumab therapy, five experienced rapid progression during one cycle of nivolumab therapy. Four patients were treated with corticosteroids to overcome their symptomatic events. Nivolumab exhibited efficacy after temporal progression, so‐called “pseudoprogression”, in three patients, and their symptoms and laboratory results improved. In the other patient, pleural and pericardial effusions increased after nivolumab therapy, and drainage was required, with no subsequent recurrence. The clinical courses of our case series indicate that alternative treatment, namely high‐dose corticosteroids, antibiotics, and drainage, effectively treated the symptoms of rapid tumor progression. Of note, corticosteroids suppressed the temporary inflammatory reaction to nivolumab. Although hyperprogressive disease is thought to be associated with poor quality of life and survival, these treatment strategies may be useful in patients with expected responses to immunotherapy.
A Sociology of Religious Emotion

Introduction 1. Emotion - a relational view 2. Delineating religious emotion 3. Dynamics of religious emotion I: connections of self, society, and symbols 4. Dynamics of religious emotion II: disconnections of self, society, and symbols 5. The power of religious emotion 6. Religious emotion in late modern society and culture Conclusion Appendix: Studying religious emotion: Suggestions for method and practice
The use of serum uric acid as an indicator of amino acid utilization in diets for broilers

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Southern for giving me the opportunity to attain my masters degree and for his guidance over the past two years. I would also like to thank Dr. Bidner for his guidance and encouraging words. I would like to thank all of the graduate students in animal science who have been a great support and those who have become great friends. I would like to thank Syrena, Danielle, Melanie, Victor, April, and Emily who have helped me every step of the way and have become like a family for me in Louisiana. I would especially like to thank Emily and April who have welcomed me into their home many times for dinner, a place to stay for the night or even just for a break from work. Your friendship means a lot to me and I'm glad we are able to have talks about just about anything. All of the friends I have met since I have been in Louisiana have had a huge impact on my life, and I thank them for making the past six years the best times I've ever had. They have supported me along the way and were always there when I needed them. I appreciate the close family of friends I have built here and you all hold a special place in my heart. Hoop, and Josh for all of their help in making my research projects possible. Jill Maclaughlin has been my very best friend over the past six years and has always been there for me, even though we are separated by space. I feel our friendship has only grown stronger and I would like to thank her for allowing me to share my stories with her and for sharing hers with me. I truly look forward to talking to her every chance I get and I appreciate her support and friendship. iii Most of all, I would like to thank my parents for allowing me the opportunity to move away and pursue my dreams. I know it was hard for them to let me go, but they have always supported me in every decision I have made. They have always been there for me, even at two in the morning when I'm stressing about a test or just needed to talk. I don't think there has been a day that I have been away …
On the mechanism of adhesion in biological systems

I study adhesion relevant to biological systems, e.g., flies, crickets and lizards, where the adhesive microstructures consist of arrays of thin fibers. The effective elastic modulus of the fiber arrays can be very small which is of fundamental importance for adhesion on smooth and rough substrates. I study how the adhesion depend on the substrate roughness amplitude and apply the theoretical results to lizards.