Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Video Game Functional Assessment-Revised (VGFA-R) and Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20)

Initially labeled as internet addiction in the mid-1990s (e.g., Griffiths, 1996; Young, 1996), researchers have since focused on how specific online activities result in negative consequences for those who overuse and have problems with online applications such as online gambling and online sex (Griffiths, 2000; Potenza, 2017). More recently, this has been applied to online problematic video game play, often used synonymously with terms such as online video game addiction, online gaming addiction, and Internet gaming disorder (IGD). With the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), IGD was identified by the APA as warranting further study. The current proposed diagnostic criterion in the DSM-5 requires the presence of five of nine symptoms over a 12-month period. These include: (a) preoccupation or obsession with Internet games, (b) withdrawal symptoms when not playing Internet games, (c) an increasing need over time to spend more and more time playing video games, (d) failed attempts to stop or curb Internet gaming, (e) loss of interest in other activities such as hobbies, (f) continued overuse of Internet games even with knowledge of the impact of overuse on their life, (g) lying about extent of Internet game usage, (h) uses Internet games to relieve anxiety or guilt, and (i) has lost or put at risk an opportunity or relationship because of Internet games (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). However, it is unclear if the disorder represents addiction to the internet or if IGD evaluates specific behaviors occurring within the context of the video gaming (Starcevic and Billieux, 2017; Young and Brand, 2017).
Strong Managers, Weak Boards?

Many governance reform proposals are based on the view that boards have been too friendly to executives, for example, by awarding them excessive pay. Although boards are often on friendly terms with executives, it is less clear that they have systematically failed to function in the interests of shareholders. Understanding board monitoring requires a theory of boards that takes into account how firms provide incentives for their Chief Executive Officer's (CEOs) through other means. We develop a model in which a CEO's ownership stake and private benefits have opposite effects on his willingness to share private information with an independent board of directors. To encourage the CEO to communicate, the board may optimally commit to a low monitoring intensity when either CEO ownership is low or private benefits are high. Our model suggests that the existing cross-section evidence on the correlation between board composition and CEO ownership and tenure needs re-evaluation. Using a new proxy for board monitoring, we provide new evidence that this cross-sectional correlation appears to be non-monotonic, with board independence first decreasing and then increasing in CEO ownership and tenure. We discuss the implications of our model for the design and evaluation of governance structures.
Connecting the Milky Way potential profile to the orbital time-scales and spatial structure of the Sagittarius Stream

Recent maps of the halo using RR Lyrae from Pan-STARRS1 depict the spatial structure of the Sagittarius stream, showing the leading and trailing stream apocentres differ in Galactocentric radius by a factor of 2, and also resolving substructure in the stream at these apocentres. Here we present dynamical models that reproduce these features of the stream in simple Galactic potentials. We find that debris at the apocentres must be dynamically young, being stripped off in pericentric passages either one or two orbital periods ago. The ratio of the leading and trailing apocentres is sensitive to both dynamical friction and the outer slope of the Galactic rotation curve. These dependencies can be understood with simple regularities connecting the apocentric radii, circular velocities, and orbital period of the progenitor. The effect of dynamical friction can be constrained using substructure within the leading apocentre. Our models are far from final; the errors allowed when sampling parameter space are deliberately generous, not every stream feature is reproduced, and we explore a limited set of potentials. Still, it is interesting that we consistently find the mass within 100 kpc to be ∼7×10^(11) M⊙⁠, with a nearly flat rotation curve between 50 and 100 kpc. This points to a more extended Galactic halo than assumed in some current models. We show one example model in various observational dimensions. A plot of velocity versus distance separates younger from older debris, and suggests that the young trailing debris will serve as an especially useful probe of the outer Galactic potential.
The chemical evolution of galaxies within the IGIMF theory: the [ $\alpha$/Fe] ratios and downsizing

Context. The chemical evolution of galaxies is investigated within the framework of the star formation rate (SFR) dependent integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF). Aims. We study how the global chemical evolution of a galaxy and in particular how [α/Fe] abundance ratios are affected by the predicted steepening of the IGIMF with decreasing SFR. Methods. We use analytical and semi-analytical calculations to evaluate the mass-weighted and luminosity-weighted [α/Fe] ratios in early-type galaxies of different masses. Results. The models with variable IGIMF produce an [α/Fe] vs. velocity dispersion relation which has the same slope as the observations of massive galaxies, irrespective of the model parameters, provided that the star formation duration inversely correlates with the mass of the galaxy (downsizing). These models also produce steeper [α/Fe] vs. σ relations in low-mass early-type galaxies and this trend is consistent with the observations. Constant IMF models are able to reproduce the [α/Fe] ratios in large elliptical galaxies as well, but they do not predict this change of slope for small galaxies. In order to obtain the best fit between our results and observations, the downsizing effect (i.e. the shorter duration of the star formation in larger galaxies) must be milder than previously thought.
Comparison of neoadjuvant therapy and upfront surgery in resectable pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Objective The role of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) remains controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical differences between NAT and upfront surgery in RPC. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases. Only patients with RPC who underwent tumor resection and received adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment were enrolled. The OR or HR and 95% CIs were calculated employing fixed-effects or random-effects models. The HR and its 95% CI were extracted from each article that provided survival curve. Publication bias was estimated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Results In total, eleven studies were included with 9,386 patients. Of these patients, 2,508 (26.7%) received NAT. For patients with RPC, NAT resulted in an increased R0 resection rate (OR=1.89; 95% CI=1.26–2.83) and a reduced positive lymph node rate (OR=0.34; 95% CI=0.31–0.37) compared with upfront surgery. Nevertheless, patients receiving NAT did not exhibit a significantly increased overall survival (OS) time (HR=0.91; 95% CI=0.79–1.05). Conclusion In patients with RPC, R0 resection rate and positive lymph node rate after NAT were superior to those of patients with upfront surgery. The NAT group exhibited no significant effect on OS time when compared with the upfront surgery group. However, this conclusion requires more clinical evidence to improve its credibility.
Estimating stellar parameters from spectra I. Goodness-of-fit parameters and lack-of-fit test

Estimating stellar parameters from spectrophotometric data is a key tool in the study of stellar structure and stellar evolution. Although many methods have been proposed to estimate stellar parameters from ultraviolet (UV), optical and infrared (IR) data using low, medium or high-resolution observational data of the target(s), only a few address the problem of the uncertainties in the stellar parameters. This information is critical for a meaningful comparison of the derived parameters with results obtained from other data and/or methods. Here we present a frequentist method to estimate these uncertainties. We demonstrate that the combined use of both a local and a global goodness-of-fit parameter alters the uncertainty intervals as determined from the use of only one of these deviation estimating parameters. This technique using both goodness-of-fit parameters is applied to the infrared 2.38-4.08 μ m ISO-SWS data (Infrared Space Observatory – Short Wavelength Spectrometer) of α Boo, yielding an effective temperature range from 4160 K to 4300 K, a logarithm of the gravity range from 1.35 to 1.65 dex and a metallicity from -0.30 to 0.00 dex. However, using a lack-of-fit test, it is shown that even the “best” theoretical models are still not capable of capturing all the structure in the data, and this is due to our incomplete knowledge and modelling of the full physical stellar structure or due to problems in the data reduction process.
Phospholipase C z causes Ca 2 1 oscillations and parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes

At fertilization in mammals the sperm activates development of the oocyte by inducing a prolonged series of oscillations in the cytosolic free Ca concentration. One theory of signal transduction at fertilization suggests that the sperm cause the Ca oscillations by introducing a protein factor into the oocyte after gamete membrane fusion. We recently identified this sperm-specific protein as phospholipase Cz (PLCz), and we showed that PLCz triggers Ca oscillations in unfertilized mouse oocytes. Here we report that microinjection of the complementary RNA for human PLCz causes prolonged Ca oscillations in aged human oocytes that had failed to fertilize during in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The frequency of Ca oscillations was related to the concentration of complementary RNA injected. At low concentrations, PLCz stimulated parthenogenetic activation of oocytes. These embryos underwent cleavage divisions and some formed blastocysts. These data show that PLCz is a novel parthenogenetic stimulus for human oocytes and that it is unique in its ability to mimic the repetitive nature of the Ca stimulus provided by the sperm during human fertilization. Reproduction (2004) 128 697–702
The anthropogenic influence on carbonaceous aerosol in the European background

To constrain the relatively uncertain anthropogenic impact on the organic aerosol load, radiocarbon analyses were performed on aerosol samples, collected year-round, at six non-urban sites including a maritime background and three remote mountain stations, lying on a west-east transect over Western Europe. From a crude three component model supported by TOC and levoglucosan filter data, the fossil fuel, biomass burning and biogenic TOC fraction are estimated, showing at all stations year-round, a relatively constant fossil fuel fraction of around (26 ± 6)%, a dominant biogenic contribution of on average (73 ± 7)% in summer and the continental as well as the maritime background TOC to be only about 50% biogenic. Assuming biomass burning as completely anthropogenic, the carbonaceous aerosol concentration at the mountain sites was found to have increased by a factor of up to (1.4 ± 0.2) in summer and up to (2.5 ± 1.0) in winter. This figure is significantly lower, however, than the respective TOC change since pre-industrial times seen in an Alpine ice core. Reconciling both observations would require an increase, since pre-industrial times, of the background biogenic aerosol load, which is estimated at a factor of 1.3–1.7.
The Impact of Trade Reform in the 1990s on Welfare and Poverty in the Philippines

This paper analyzes the impact of trade reform on welfare and poverty in the Philippines in the 1990s using a CGE model. The results indicate that while welfare rises and poverty falls for all household groups except the poorest (those with rural unskilled private employees as household head), urban households gain more than rural households. Policy experiments involving full tariff reduction and uniform five percent tariff rate indicate generally the same pattern of effects, except that the magnitude of change is relatively larger in the former while all household groups, including the poorest, experience a reduction in poverty in the latter. Since poverty remains high and the disparity between rural and urban poverty is still wide, other poverty-reducing measures have to be designed and implemented to target those households that do not benefit much from this type of market reform.
Increasing per cow milk solids production in a pasture-based dairy system by manipulating the diet: A review

Research suggests that thegenetic potential formilksolids (MS) production by New Zealanddairy cows isconsiderably under-exploited undercurrent grazing conditions.There is also agrowing awareness that only small improvements in MS production percow can be achieved with pasture-only systems on high producing New Zealand dairy farms (i.e. those producing 3 15kg MS/cow or 1 ,Okg MS/ha). The review identifies nutritional limitations of a pasture-based diet as one of the batriers to further increases in per cow MS production. It is argued that further increases in per cow production on New Zealand’s high producing (in terms of per cow MS production) dairy farms is contingent upon the need to balance the pasture-based diet for protein, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals and vitamins through strategic use of feedstuffs. One of the keys to successfully balancing a pasture-based diet is to obtain better data on the nutritional status of pasture throughout the year so that the most economic feedstuffs which will balance the ration can be identified.
The social scientific turn in UK financial accounting research: A philosophical and sociological analysis

Abstract The demise of the classical programme of financial accounting research is generally represented as a progressive development. This paper argues that the academy's abandonment of classical methods was justified neither by the fruitfulness of post‐classical programmes nor by their incontestable epistemological superiority. Rather, what occurred was a turn to mainstream social science, reflecting sociological characteristics of the UK financial accounting research community. The paper concludes with a call for a revival of the classical programme.
Permeation Process of Small Molecules across Lipid Membranes Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The transport of small molecules across a phospholipid membrane is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of size, hydrophobicity, and asphericity of the penetrants on the permeation process are investigated. For this purpose, permeability coefficients of oxygen and ammonia are computed using an inhomogeneous solubility−diffusion model and compared to the previously computed results of the permeation of water. Furthermore, solubility and diffusion data are computed for a series of Lennard-Jones particles that differ in size and shape. The results are discussed within the framework of the four-region model and are especially related to the free volume characteristics of the membrane. It is concluded that the free energy of solvation mainly determines the shape of the permeation resistance profile. For hydrophobic particles the membrane interior will act as a trap instead of a barrier. Moderately hydrophilic and hydrophilic penetrants experience the largest resistance to permeation in the de.
3D Numerical Model of the Spherical Particle Saltation in a Channel with a Rough Fixed Bed

3D Numerical Model of the Spherical Particle Saltation in a Channel with a Rough Fixed Bed The paper describes a 3D numerical model of the spherical particle saltation. Two stages of particle saltation were distinguished — the particle free motion in water and the particle-bed collision. The particle motion consists of the translational and rotational particle motion. A stochastic method of calculation of the particle-bed collision was developed. The collision height and the contact point were defined as random variables. Impulse equations were used and the translational and angular velocity components of the moving particle immediately after the collision were expressed as functions of the velocity components just before the collision. The dimensionless coefficients of the drag force and drag torque were determined as functions of both translational and rotational Reynolds numbers. The model is in good agreement with known experimental data. Examples of calculation of the particles' lateral dispersion and the mean absolute values of the deviation angle of the particle trajectory are presented. 3D Numerický Model Sal-Tace Kulovité Částice V Korytě S Pevným Drsným Dnem Studie popisuje 3D numerický model saltačního pohybu kulovité částice, v němž jsou uvažována dvě fáze saltačního pohybu — volný pohyb částice v proudící vodě a kolise částice se dnem. Model počítá s translačním i rotačním pohybem částice. Byla vyvinuta stochastická metoda výpočtu kolise částice se dnem. Kolizní výška a kontaktní bod byly definovány jako náhodné proměnné. Byla použita soustava momentových rovnic a složky translační a rotační rychlosti pohybující se částice po kolizi byly vyjádřeny jako funkce složek rychlosti těsně před kolizí. Bezrozměrné koeficienty odporu částice a odporu rotující částice byly určeny jako funkce translačního i rotačního Reynoldsova čísla částice. Výsledky modelu jsou v dobré shodě se známými experimentálními daty. Studie presentuje příklady výpočtu příčné disperze částice a střední absolutní hodnoty deviačního úhlu trajektorie částice.
Chemical Constituents of Leaves and Barks of Melicope hookeri

Phytochemical investigation on the leaves and bark of Melicope hookeri T.G. Hartley (Rutaceae) has resulted in the isolation and identification of three flavonoids, ayanin, ombuin and kumatakenin, two coumarins, umbelliferone and scopoletin and p-sitosterol. The structures of these compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic methods.
Magnetic field suppression of Andreev conductance at superconductor–graphene interface

Studying the interplay between superconductivity and quantum magnetotransport in 2D materials has been a topic of interest in recent years. Towards such a goal it is important to understand the impact of magnetic field on the charge transport at the superconductor-normal channel (SN) interface. Here we carried out a comprehensive study of Andreev conductance under weak magnetic fields using diffusive superconductor- graphene Josephson weak links. We observe that the Andreev conductance is suppressed even in magnetic fields far below the upper critical field of the superconductor. The suppression of Andreev conductance depends on and can be minimized by controlling the ramping of the magnetic field. We identify that the key factor behind this suppression is the reduction of the superconducting gap due to the piling of vortices on the superconducting contacts. In devices where superconducting gap at the superconductor–graphene interface is heavily reduced by proximity effect, the enlarged vortex cores overlap quickly with increasing magnetic field, resulting in a rapid decrease of the interfacial gap. However, in weak links with relatively large effective superconducting gap the AR conductance persists up to the upper critical field. Our results provide guidance to the study of quantum material-superconductor systems in presence of magnetic field, where ‘survival’ of induced superconductivity is critical.
Who is audited? Experimental study on rule-based and human tax auditing schemes

In this study, we employ a game theoretic framework to formulate and analyze tax audit schemes; we test the theoretical predictions in a laboratory experiment. We compare five audit schemes including three rule-based audits: random audit rule, cut-off audit rule, and lowest income reporter audited rule. The cut-off audit rule is theoretically optimal but, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been experimentally examined. We also employ a novel experimental design for two schemes involving the human auditor conditions. The rule-based audits experimentally enhance tax compliance as predicted, and cut-off yields the highest tax revenue among the three rule-based audits in the lab. Moreover, beyond our prediction, the human auditor conditions maximized tax revenue among the five schemes in the lab. This suggests that auditorsâ€™ strategic ambiguity is another route to enhance tax compliance. We also show that subjectsâ€™ social norms regarding tax payment influence the choice of tax evasion, in accordance with the experimental literature.
Relationship between accounting information systems implementation and corporate governance of rural banks in Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between accounting information systems implementation and the governance of rural banks (bank perkreditan rakyat/BPR). Specifically, this study examines the effect of bookkeeping systems, financial reporting, budgeting systems, and IFRS for SMEs implementation on good corporate governance of rural banks. PLS-SEM wasemployed for data analysis to 145 rural banks registered in Regional Owned Bank Association of Central Java Indonesia. The results of data analysis found that bookkeeping systems, financial reporting and budgeting systems implemetation positively affectgood corporate governance of rural banks, while IFRS for SMEs implementation was not significantly affectgood corporate governance of rural banks.
Pragmemic Triggers in the Acehnese Commensality

Food is one of the ways through which humans make meaningful connections and hospitality with each other. Commensality is one of the social events of people to eat together that involves linguistic acts from the public to the intimate. The Acehnese culture in commensality is the way to honor guests by inviting them to eat together to show the host’s hospitality. This qualitative study is about the Acehnese language use functions in commensality. In this study the linguistic formula called ‘pragmemic triggers’ by Beeman (2014) was applied. Pragmemic triggers are speech acts which move the participants by stages through the ritual process and back to the external world that they accomplish social action. The result indicates eight stages with seven transitions between stages and seven pragmemic triggers that initiate these transitions which have the same structure and use based on the pragmemic triggers formulas by Beeman (2014). However, the act of commensality is transformative of social relations as the way to make connections between one another.
Physiological and biochemical responses of two maize cultivars (Corralejo and Tlaltizapon) under salt stress

+better selectivity K/Na. To identify the biochemical characteristics associated with the physiological behavior, we conducted measures activity of PEPC, the protein, catalase and peroxidase on the fourth leaf from the bottom. A negative correlation between the activity of PEPC and Na+ amount was found at 50 mM in the sensitive cultivar and at 100 mM of NaCl in tolerant cultivar Corralejo. Furthermore, the antioxidant response was marked by a greater accumulation of malondialdehyde, in Tlaltizapan at 100 mM of NaCl. At the same concentration, catalase +