Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is typically caused by leakage from abnormal retinal blood vessels. Mechanical causes at the vitreoretinal interface are increasingly implicated in select patients. Surgical interventions, including vitrectomy, epiretinal membrane (ERM) peel, and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel, have been proposed in these patients to relieve traction, clear cytokines, and improve oxygenation. This chapter reviews the efficacy of these interventions, which varies by the type of vitreoretinal interface abnormality. Vitrectomy is beneficial in most DME cases where a taut posterior hyaloid or vitreomacular traction is present. It can also be beneficial in select cases where the posterior hyaloid is attached, even if there is no observable traction. When separation of the posterior hyaloid has occurred, vitrectomy can still be beneficial if an ERM is present. Unfortunately, favorable anatomic results, including improved thickness on optical coherence topography scans, are more common than improved visual results. This may reflect that surgical intervention is often performed for refractory DME cases with long-standing edema, with limited potential for substantial improvement. However, surgical intervention may be beneficial for select cases of DME, especially when surgical intervention is undertaken before photoreceptor damage has occurred.
Workplace social capital in nursing: an evolutionary concept analysis.

AIM To report an analysis of the concept of nurses' workplace social capital. BACKGROUND Workplace social capital is an emerging concept in nursing with potential to illuminate the value of social relationships at work. A common definition is needed. DESIGN Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, PsychINFO and ProQuest Nursing. REVIEW METHODS Databases were systematically searched using the keywords: workplace social capital, employee social capital, work environment, social capital and nursing. Sources published between January 1937-November 2012 in English that described or studied social capital of nurses at work were included. A total of 668 resources were found. After removing 241 duplicates, literature was screened in two phases: (1) titles and abstracts were reviewed (n = 427); and (2) remaining data sources were retrieved and read (n = 70). Eight sources were included in the final analysis. RESULTS Attributes of nurses' workplace social capital included networks of social relationships at work, shared assets and shared ways of knowing and being. Antecedents were communication, trust and positive leadership practices. Nurses' workplace social capital was associated with positive consequences for nurses, their patients and healthcare organizations. CONCLUSION Nurses' workplace social capital is defined as nurses' shared assets and ways of being and knowing that are evident in, and available through, nurses' networks of social relationships at work. Future studies should examine and test relationships between antecedents and consequences of nurses' workplace social capital to understand this important aspect of healthy professional practice environments better.
Michael Gove, Charismatic Leadership and the Radical Reorganisation of English School Sport

Abstract Purpose This paper analyses the radical reorganisation of English school sport by the coalition government, a move that led to the emergence of a significant discourse of dissatisfaction amongst school sport advocacy coalition groups. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilises Sabatier’s (Sabatier & Jenkins-Smith, 1999) Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) to identify how the coalition government’s decision to abolish the successful Physical Education School Sport and Club Links (PESSCL) programme has specifically weakened the power of formerly influential advocacy coalitions within the school sport arena. Weber’s (1947) conceptualisation of charisma, in particular, the concept of charismatic rhetoric, is used to explain how these historically extensive policy changes were communicated by the coalition government, and particularly, by Michael Gove, the Secretary of State. Findings Locating the government’s rhetoric within the charismatic literature allowed the exploration of how a disempowerment of advocacy coalition groups and centralisation of power towards the state might have been partly achieved via the use of charismatic rhetoric (Weber, 1947). Originality/value Javidan and Waldman (2003) identified a lack of rigorous empirical study of the role of charismatic leadership and its consequences in public sector leadership, a critique that has been addressed by this paper.
Interview with Robert G. Shulman

Robert G. Shulman is the Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees at Columbia in physical chemistry, with an intervening period as Lt(jg) USNR. Soon after graduate studies with C. H. Townes in microwave spectroscopy, he went to Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he started Nuclear Magnetic Resonance research on antiferromagnetics; superconductors; semiconductors; and, eventually, biomolecules. A year working with F. H. C. Crick and S. Brenner on phage genetics solidified his interest in biophysics. He started and led biophysics research at Bell Labs, where he studied a variety of biomolecules by NMR. This led him to in vivo NMR, at first in microorganisms; then animals; and, finally, humans. Since 1979 he has been at Yale University, where he has been following metabolism in vivo by magnetic resonance in brain and muscle measuring changes during activation. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine.
ER-Associated Degradation of Membrane Proteins in Yeast

Proteins destined for the secretory pathway are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they are subjected to a variety of post-translational modifications before they reach their final destination. Newly synthesized proteins that have defect in polypeptide folding or subunit assembly are recognized by quality control systems and eliminated by the 26S proteasome, a cytosolic ATP-dependent proteolytic machinery. Delivery of non-native ER proteins to the proteasome requires retrograde transport across the ER membrane and depends on a protein-unfolding machine consisting of Cdc48p, Ufd1p, and Npl4p. Recent studies in yeast have highlighted the possible function of the Sar1p/COPII machinery in ER-associated degradation of some lumenal and membrane proteins.
Light and electron microscopic findings in human epidermis reconstructed in vitro upon topical application of liposomal tretinoin.

The topical application of tretinoin is a well-established approach to the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, induced inflammation, clinically addressed as a "flare-up", is a major drawback. Recently, clinical and experimental investigations have hinted at a better tolerability, with equal efficacy, if the active compound is liposomally encapsulated. Using epidermis reconstructed in vitro, we compared the morphological changes upon topical application of a liposomal form (0.05% and 0.025%) and conventional form (0.05%) light and electron microscopically. After 24 h several remarkable changes of the stratum corneum with all treatment modalities, representing inhibition of keratinisation wanted in acne vulgaris, were seen. When preparations of equal strength, i.e. 0.05%, were compared, the changes representing toxic dermatitis in the epidermis were more marked with the conventional form. Epidermis reconstructed in vitro treated with the liposomal forms showed no significant differences due to either concentration. It is suggested that these changes correspond to the flare-up on clinical grounds. The in vitro findings further corroborate the hypothesis that liposomal encapsulation can increase the benefit/risk ratio of an active compound applied to the skin.
On the Decidability and Complexity of Diagnosability for Labeled Petri Nets

In this paper, we investigate the decidability and complexity of the fault diagnosis problem in unbounded labeled Petri nets. First, we show that checking diagnosability for unbounded Petri nets is decidable. We present a new necessary and sufficient condition for diagnosability, which can be reduced to a model checking problem for unbounded Petri nets. Then, we show that checking diagnosability for unbounded Petri nets is EXPSPACE-complete. This complexity result is further extended to various subclasses of Petri nets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that establishes decidability and complexity results for diagnosability of unbounded Petri nets.
Tissue expression of VEGF in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.

PURPOSE To examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cervical tissue of individuals divided into the control group (normal cervix), group A (HSIL lesions), and group B (cervical cancer, FIGO stage I-IIA). Analyzed was also the expression of VEGF between groups and subgroups in group A and B. The expression of VEGF was also compared with histopathological parameters in group B. METHODS Examined was the histopathological material taken from 109 operated patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the definitive histopathological findings: control group (30 patients), group A (33 patients), and group B (46 patients). Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of VEGF. RESULTS The expression of VEGF was negative in the control group, while in 11 patients (33.33%) from group A and 28 patients (60.87%) from group B it was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the control group. There was neither statistically significant difference in the expression of VEGF in group A regarding the type of intraepithelial lesion, nor in group B regarding the FIGO disease stage (p>0.05). In patients with poor histopathological prognostic parameters such as tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm (24/46), depth of stromal invasion ≥ 10 mm (32/46), positive lymph nodes (17/46), and with infiltration of the uterine body (11/46) a statistically significant difference was confirmed regarding the expression of VEGF. CONCLUSION The increased VEGF expression in groups A and B compared with the control group indicated the importance of VEGF as a proangiogenic factor in neoangiogenesis in precancerous and cancerous changes in the cervix. The frequent expression of VEGF in the subgroup of patients with poor histopathological prognostic factors (group B) indicated the importance of the activity of proangiogenic factors in the process of cervical cancer neoangiogenesis. Further investigations should be aimed at these markers as prognostic factors in the high risk group of patients with cervical cancer who should receive adjuvant therapy after radical operation and consider using antiangiogenic drugs as part of adjuvant treatment.
Impact of Telework On the Perceived Work Environment of Older Workers

Abstract Telework has become a natural part of regular work life of employees who use the information communication technology (ICT). Telework has a potential to support postponing retirement for mental workers. The objective of this research was to find out interaction between senior employees′ teleworking and well-being. The main research question was - can telework improve elderly employees′ well-being? Over 100 respondents from different areas in mental work were involved in a quantitative survey. The results of a conducted survey showed that telework is exaggerated to some extent as teleworkers’ well-being (M = 7.79; SD = 1.28) does not diverge from non-teleworkers′ wellbeing (M = 7.75; SD = 1.40). However, telework can be neither underestimated nor taken as interchangeable with traditional work. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to telework as a different way of working with its specialties. Systematic approach to telework enables companies to employ elderly by providing diversity of work forms.
Escherichia coli supH suppressor: temperature-sensitive missense suppression caused by an anticodon change in tRNASer2

We describe the cloning and the DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli supH missense suppressor and of the supD60(Am) suppressor genes. supH is a mutant form of serU which codes for tRNASer2. The supH coding sequence differs from the wild-type sequence by a single nucleotide change which corresponds to the middle position of the anticodon. The CGA anticodon of wild-type tRNA and CUA anticodon of supD tRNA is changed to CAA in supH tRNA, which is expected to recognize the UUG leucine codon. We propose that the supH suppressor causes the insertion of serine in response to this codon. The temperature sensitivity caused by supH may be due to a conformation of the CAA anticodon in the supH tRNASer that is slightly different than that in the corresponding tRNALeu species.
Effects of Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function and gut microbiota of suckling piglets

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the effects of orally administrated Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecalis on performance, immune function and gut microbiota of suckling piglets. Neonatal piglets (n = 120) were randomly assigned to 4 groups, with 30 suckling piglets in each group. The piglets were from 15 litters, one male and one female piglet were selected for each group in each litter. The Control group was administrated with normal saline, the other groups with L. casei or E. faecalis or a combination of L. casei and E. faecalis at a ratio of 3:1. Each piglet was orally administrated with 1, 2, 3 and 4 ml probiotics or normal saline at the age of 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The piglets were weaned at the age of 21 d. The results showed that compared with the Control group, the average daily gain of piglets administrated with probiotics was significantly increased, and the diarrhoea rate and mortality were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After supplementation of the combined probiotics, the protease activity in stomach, duodenum and colon was increased and in all supplemented groups, the immunoglobulin A concentration in plasma was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The combined probiotics significantly increased villus length and the expression level of transforming growth factor-β in the jejunum (p < 0.05) but decreased the expression level of the jejunal tumour necrosis factor-α (p < 0.05). In addition, probiotics could regulate gut microbiota and increase microbial similarity coefficients for keeping piglet gut microbiota stable.
Unilateral striatal dopamine depletion: time‐dependent effects on cortical function and behavioural correlates

Previously, we showed that unilateral blockade of D1 dopamine receptors in the striatum inhibits immediate‐early gene expression bilaterally throughout large parts of the cortex, including sensory‐evoked expression in the barrel cortex. To further investigate this dopamine regulation of cortical function, we examined the effects of dopamine depletion on cortical gene regulation and behavioural correlates. Two days after unilateral infusion of 6‐hydroxydopamine into the midbrain, rats displayed a (to some degree) bilateral reduction in cortical zif 268 expression that was more pronounced on the lesioned side. This decrease was found across motor, somatosensory, insular and piriform, but not cingulate, cortex, similar to the effects of blockade of striatal D1 receptors. Furthermore, whisker stimulation‐evoked c‐fos and zif 268 expression in the barrel cortex ipsilateral to the lesion was also attenuated by acute dopamine depletion. These cortical deficits were accompanied by a breakdown of spontaneous behaviours in an open‐field test. In contrast, 21 days after dopamine depletion, both basal and sensory‐evoked gene expression in the cortex were near‐normal. This cortical recovery was paralleled by recovery in locomotion and in sensory‐guided behaviour (scanning) related to the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion, but not in scanning by the dopamine‐depleted hemisphere. Our results suggest that striatal dopamine exerts a widespread facilitatory influence on cortical function that is necessary, but not sufficient, for normal behaviour. Moreover, the mechanisms mediating this cortical facilitation appear to be subject to substantial neuroplasticity after dopamine perturbation.
Sub-attomole detection of microrna in twenty minutes using power-free microfluidic chip: Towards point-of-care testing

This paper reports the first achievement in sub-attomole microRNA detection on the microfluidic device realized by laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification (LFDA). This method allows us to detect microRNA at a limit of detection of 0.5 pM from 0.5 μL sample solution, which corresponds to 0.25 attomole, with the detection time of 20 min. Since some miRNAs circulating in blood have been found to have strong relation to specific cancers, this method, together with the advantages of self-reliance of this device, might substantially contribute to the future point-of-care early-stage cancer diagnosis.
Mapping the evolution of entrepreneurship as a field of research (1990–2013): A scientometric analysis

This article applies scientometric techniques to study the evolution of the field of entrepreneurship between 1990 and 2013. Using a combination of topic mapping, author and journal co-citation analyses, and overlay visualization of new and hot topics in the field, this article makes important contribution to the entrepreneurship research by identifying 46 topics in the 24-year history of entrepreneurship research and demonstrates how they appear, disappear, reappear and stabilize over time. It also identifies five topics that are persistent across the 24-year study period––institutions and institutional entrepreneurship, innovation and technology management, policy and development, entrepreneurial process and opportunity, and new ventures––which I labeled as The Pentagon of Entrepreneurship. Overall, the analyses revealed patterns of convergence and divergence and the diversity of topics, specialization, and interdisciplinary engagement in entrepreneurship research, thus offering the latest insights on the state of the art of the field.
Design and characterization of a compact dual channel virus counter

Although there is a growing need in the field of biotechnology to rapidly and accurately quantify viruses, time‐consuming techniques such as the plaque titer method remain the “gold standard. ” Flow cytometric methods for virus quantification offer the advantages of rapid analysis and statistical treatment. The technique presented in this work represents the first demonstration of a flow cytometric determination of a viral count that is directly related to the count obtained by plaque titer.
Human platelet alloantigens (HPA) 1, HPA2, HPA3, HPA4, and HPA5 polymorphisms in sickle cell anemia patients with vaso‐occlusive crisis

Objectives: Vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. Insofar as polymorphism in human platelet alloantigen (HPA) exhibit a prothrombotic nature, we hypothesized that specific HPA polymorphic variants are associated with VOC. We investigated the distribution of HPA1, HPA2, HPA3, HPA4, and HPA5 alleles genotypes among VOC and non‐VOC control SCA patients.
Tamoxifen as a new therapeutic tool for neutrophilic lung inflammation

Neutrophilic asthma is an important disease subgroup, including patients with severe phenotypes and erratic responses to standard treatments. Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used as treatment of human breast cancer, has been shown to induce early apoptosis of equine blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils in vitro. Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a naturally occurring neutrophilic condition, closely related with human asthma. Our purpose was to investigate the therapeutic potential of tamoxifen in horses with neutrophilic lung inflammation.
A Family of MicroRNAs Present in Plants and Animals[W][OA]

Although many miRNAs are deeply conserved within each kingdom, none are known to be conserved between plants and animals. We identified Arabidopsis thaliana miR854 and miR855, two microRNAs (miRNAs) with multiple binding sites in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of OLIGOURIDYLATE binding PROTEIN1b (At UBP1b), forming miRNA:mRNA interactions similar to those that cause translational repression/mRNA cleavage in animals. At UBP1b encodes a member of a heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding protein (hnRNP) family. The 3′UTR of At UBP1b is sufficient to repress reporter protein expression in tissues expressing miR854 or miR855 (rosette leaves and flowers, respectively) but not where both miRNAs are absent (cauline leaves). Intergenic regions containing sequences closely resembling miR854 are predicted to fold into stable miRNA precursors in animals, and members of the miR854 family are expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens, all with imperfect binding sites in the 3′UTR of genes encoding the T cell Intracellular Antigen-Related protein, an hnRNP of the UBP1 family. Potential binding sites for miR854 are absent from UBP1-like genes in fungi lacking the miRNA biogenetic machinery. Our results indicate that plants and animals share miRNAs of the miR854 family, suggesting a common origin of these miRNAs as regulators of basal transcriptional mechanisms.
Conspicuousness, color resemblance, and toxicity in geographically diverging mimicry: The pan‐Amazonian frog Allobates femoralis

Predation risk is allegedly reduced in Batesian and Müllerian mimics, because their coloration resembles the conspicuous coloration of unpalatable prey. The efficacy of mimicry is thought to be affected by variation in the unpalatability of prey, the conspicuousness of the signals, and the visual system of predators that see them. Many frog species exhibit small colorful patches contrasting against an otherwise dark body. By measuring toxicity and color reflectance in a geographically variable frog species and the syntopic toxic species, we tested whether unpalatability was correlated with between‐species color resemblance and whether resemblance was highest for the most conspicuous components of coloration pattern. Heterospecific resemblance in colorful patches was highest between species at the same locality, but unrelated to concomitant variation in toxicity. Surprisingly, resemblance was lower for the conspicuous femoral patches compared to the inconspicuous dorsum. By building visual models, we further tested whether resemblance was affected by the visual system of model predators. As predicted, mimic‐model resemblance was higher under the visual system of simulated predators compared to no visual system at all. Our results indicate that femoral patches are aposematic signals and support a role of mimicry in driving phenotypic divergence or mimetic radiation between localities.
Does Subsidy Work? An Investigation of Post-Adoption Switching on Car-Hailing Apps

Subsidy has been consistently considered as an efficient way to attract consumers with low price, and can be measured through users’ price perception. By focusing on car-hailing apps, this study investigates users’ switching intention and continuous usage based on value-intention framework and Limayem’s intention-habit-usage model under the context of lower subsidy. Price perception, as a perceived cost, was proved to have an effect on perceived value. From value perspective, utilitarian value, hedonic value and social value are conjointly hypothesized to affect users switch intention, while the switch intention is influenced by habit and alternative attractiveness. The relationships between switch intention and continuous usage are also investigated. Questionnaire data collected from 295 valid car-hailing apps users provide support for hypothesis validation of the research model. Discussions and implications of this study are provided.