Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Polyomavirus JCPyV and Its Role in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Oncogenesis

The human neurotropic virus JCPyV, a member of the Polyomaviridiae family, is the opportunistic infectious agent of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal disease seen in severe immunosuppressive conditions and, during the last decade, in patients undergoing immunotherapy. JCPyV is a ubiquitous pathogen with up to 85% of the adult population word-wide exhibiting antibodies against it. Early experiments demonstrated that direct inoculation of JCPyV into the brain of different species resulted in the development of brain tumors and other neuroectodermal-derived neoplasias. Later, several reports showed the detection of viral sequences in medulloblastomas and glial tumors, as well as expression of the viral protein T-Antigen. Few oncogenic viruses, however, have caused so much controversy regarding their role in the pathogenesis of brain tumors, but the discovery of new Polyomaviruses that cause Merkel cell carcinomas in humans and brain tumors in racoons, in addition to the role of JCPyV in colon cancer and multiple mechanistic studies have shed much needed light on the role of JCPyV in cancer. The pathways affected by the viral protein T-Antigen include cell cycle regulators, like p53 and pRb, and transcription factors that activate pro-proliferative genes, like c-Myc. In addition, infection with JCPyV causes chromosomal damage and T-Antigen inhibits homologous recombination, and activates anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Survivin. Here we review the different aspects of the biology and physiopathology of JCPyV.
Higher vs. Lower DP for Ventilated Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives Driving pressure (DP) has recently become a promising mediator for the identification of the effects of mechanical ventilation on outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to systematically and quantitatively update and assess the association between DP and mortality among ventilated patients with ARDS. Methods PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase were systematically searched from inception to June 2018. Two investigators conducted the literature search study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation independently. RevMan 5.3 software was used for all statistical analyses. Results A total of seven studies comprising 8010 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Higher DP showed a significant association with higher mortality (pooled risk ratio, 1.10; 95% [CI], 1.05–1.16; I2 =58%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that one study significantly affected the stability of pooled results. One of the subgroups investigated, ARDS severity, could account for the heterogeneity. An exploratory post hoc subgroup analysis and higher DP significantly increased mortality in the mild to severe ARDS subgroup (RR 1.28; 95% [CI], 1.14–1.43; I2 =0), but not in the moderate to severe ARDS subgroup (RR 1.18; 95% [CI], 0.95–1.46; I2 =52%). Conclusion Higher DP was significantly associated with an increased risk of death among ventilated patients with ARDS. But it did not seem to predict prognosis to moderate to severe ARDS. Future prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to verify the results of this meta-analysis and address the unresolved questions about optimum cutoff values for DP. Trial Registration This trial is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018102146), on 11 August 2018.
Elimination of HER3-expressing breast cancer cells using aptamer-siRNA chimeras

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite recent developments in breast cancer detection and treatment, 1.38 million women each year are still affected. Breast cancer heterogeneity at the population and single-cell level, complexity and developing different metastases are setting several challenges to develop efficient breast cancer therapies. RNA interference (RNAi) represents an opportunity to silence gene expression and inhibit specific pathways in cancer cells. In order to reap the full advantages of RNAi-based therapy, different pathways that sustain cancer cells growth have been targeted using specific siRNAs. The present study investigated the ability of a set of cytotoxic siRNAs to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells. These siRNAs are targeting eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) and sphingosine kinase interacting protein (SKIP5). To facilitate their targeted delivery, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER3)-specific aptamer A30 was used. The in vitro results described in this work indicate that combining the highly specific HER3 aptamer with cytotoxic siRNAs targeting (EEF2, PLK1, GRK4 and SKIP5) can inhibit its activity and ultimately suppress proliferation of HER3 positive breast cancer cells.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Troponin I as Possible Predictive Biomarkers for Cardiotoxicity Induced By Tricyclic Antidepressants and Antipsychotics Overdose

Overdose by tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs can lead to potentially lifethreatening cardiotoxicity. In clinical medicine, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are used as serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of cardiac affection. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the utility of BNP and troponin I as early predictors for TCA and antipsychotic drug -induced cardiotoxicity and correlation with severity of poisoning. Method: The study enrolled 45 patients admitted in ICU of Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCC-ASUH) with history of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and /or antipsychotics overdose. Collected data included sociodemographic data, manner of exposure, clinical variables, ECG changes, Poison Severity Score (PSS), serum levels of BNP and cTnI. Duration of ICU and hospital stay, and outcome were also noted. Results: In contrast to cTnI level, BNP level was significantly higher in cardiotoxicity group. Mean BNP level correlated with ECG and blood pressure changes. Biomarkers levels were nonsignificantly correlated with PSS, total hospital stay &ICU stay. PSS had low sensitivity and accuracy for prediction of cardiotoxicity. Both BNP and cTnI showed at specific cut off point showed 100% specificity with sensitivity of 53.13% & 25.0% respectively Conclusion: Although unsuitable for screening purposes, BNP surpassed cTnI as a useful tool for the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity due to overdose by tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs
Mobile Health for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Mobile Application Market

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a growing public health issue with an increasing burden of disease globally. TBI can lead to significant motor, cognitive and emotional deficits. Mobile health (mHealth) is a promising technology to help diagnose and manage patients with TBI. The aim of this study was to systematically examine and classify available TBI mobile applications (apps) and critically appraise the literature underpinning mHealth for the management of TBI. Two major app markets (Apple and Google Play) were systematically searched. Included apps were classified and had data extracted. Coupled to this, a systematic search of the literature (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO) was performed examining the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in helping patients manage their symptoms after TBI (registered with PROSPERO: CRD42018107386). From 1296 apps, 53 met our inclusion criteria. The top three functions were TBI screening, education and biomechanics monitoring. Twenty-six apps (49.1%) focused on sports-related concussion. Eight apps (15.1%) were gamified and 12 apps (22.6%) connected to an external device. From the literature, a total of eight articles were included of which four (50%) were case series, two (25%) were feasibility/pilot studies, one (12.5%) was a case report, and one (12.5%) was a randomised controlled trial. The median number of patients was seven (1 - 43). There is a small number of mobile apps for TBI, mostly focusing on sports-related concussion. At present, the uptake and application of these apps as a management aid is limited and the evidence for their usefulness in TBI remains low.
Sociodemographic and clinical characterization of patients with chronic hepatitis C

Objetivo: Describir la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de los pacientes portadores de hepatitis C crónica acompañados en el ambulatorio de un hospital de referencia en infectología. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo, con usuarios portadores de hepatitis C crónica asistidos en el ambulatorio de un hospital de referencia durante noviembre de 2015 a abril de 2016 con una muestra de 47 usuarios. Resultados: Los participantes son de sexo masculino (76,6%) con rango de edad superior a 57 años (57,5%), pardo (38,3%), casado (55,3%), con grado de escolaridad (31,9%), y residente en la capital (61,7%), con tiempo de descubrimiento de hasta 6 años (68,1%), desconociendo la forma de contaminación (57,5%), inmunizado contra la hepatitis B (65,9%), realizando tratamiento medicamentoso (85,1%) con Ribavirina (55,6%); Y el 70,2% presentó efectos adversos. Conclusión: La caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica auxilian en la práctica clínica del equipo multiprofesional con los portadores de hepatitis C crónica. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characterization of patients with chronic hepatitis C followed at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in infectology.Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study with chronic hepatitis C patients attended at a referral hospital during November 2015 to April 2016 with a sample of 47 users. Results: The participants were male (76.6%), 57 years old (57.5%), brown (38.3%), married (55.3%), (61.7%), with a discovery time of up to 6 years (68.1%), not knowing the form of contamination (57.5%), immunized against hepatitis B (65.9%), undergoing drug therapy (85.1%) with Ribavirin (55.6%); And 70.2% had adverse effects. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical characterization assist the clinical practice of the multiprofessional team with patients with chronic hepatitis C Objetivo: Descrever a caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica dos pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital referência em infectologia. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, com usuários portadores de hepatite C crônica assistidos no ambulatório de um hospital referência durante Novembro 2015 a Abril de 2016 com uma amostra de 47 usuários. Resultados: Os participantes encontram-se no sexo masculino (76,6%) com faixa etária acima de 57 anos (57,5%), pardo (38,3%), casado (55,3%), com grau de escolaridade fundamental incompleto (31,9%), e residente na capital (61,7%), com tempo de descoberta de até 6 anos (68,1%), desconhecendo a forma de contaminação (57,5%), realizando tratamento medicamentoso (85,1%) com Ribavirina (55,6%); e 70,2% apresentaram efeitos adversos. Conclusões: A caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica auxiliam na prática clínica da equipe multiprofissional com os portadores de hepatite C crônica.
Management of preterm labour In Sohag University hospital: A clinical audit

Objective : Auditing the current management of preterm labor in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sohag University hospital against RCOG recommendations ,Identifying the gap between the current practice and ideal practice and Setting recommendations for filling the gap(if present) to improve neonatal and maternal out comes. Methods : This is an observational study which was conducted at Sohag University hospital durin the period from 1 march 2017 to 31 December 2017. All patients with preterm birth who admitted to Sohag university hospital during the study period were included into the study and their data were recorded in a special check list sheet. IBM-SPSS ( version 24) was used for statistical data analysis. Results : The mean age of our studied group was 26.01±5.15 and 81.1 % of them were rural,48 cases had scarred uterus due to mostly previous caesarean section, while the other 79 cases had non scarred uterus. Also, a little more than half of our cases (66 cases, 52%) . UTI were the only indication for the use of antibiotics . Antibiotics not used for prophylactic in management of preterm birth in our study which is recommended by RCOG . Vaginal swab for oncofetal fibronictine or GBS/vaginal infection were not done as it is not accepted in our department which is against RCOG recommendation . Tocolysis failed in 12 cases out of the 15 multiple pregnancy cases, with a significant difference from the failure rate among singleton pregnancy women . As regard RCOG recomendatins : There is insufficient evidence for any firm conclusions about whether or not tocolysis leads to any benefit in preterm labour in multiple pregnancy. Conclusion : The use of Mgso4 as IV tocolytic drug in our hospital play effective role in prevention of preterm labour and giving the chance for receving the dexamethasone but we need to modyfiy our strategy and using other tocolytic drugs as Ca channel blocker as recommended .
CD8+ Cytotoxic Immune Infiltrate in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Standardized Methodology to Study Association with Clinico-Pathological Features and Prognosis

Background: Major interest lies in the evaluation of immune infiltrate in bladder cancer. CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes are key effectors of adaptive immune response. Objectives: The aims of the study were to set up a standardized methodology for CD8+ lymphocytes estimation in NMIBC and investigate how intra-tumoral heterogeneity influences CD8+ immune infiltrate. Methods: We considered 995 NMIBC included in the Spanish Bladder Cancer (SBC)/EPICURO Study. Duplicate 0.6mm TMA spots and paired full sections (FS) for 50 selected cases were double stained with anti-pan cytokeratin antibody and anti-CD8 antibody. Slides were digitalized and CD8+ cells were automatically counted after tissue recognition (tumor vs stroma). Spatial heterogeneity was assessed and a resampling strategy was applied to estimate the proper number of 0.6mm TMA spots providing an adequate CD8+ cell estimate. Association between CD8+ count and expression of urothelial differentiation markers was estimated. Cox regression models were performed to assess association between CD8+ cell count and risk of recurrence and progression. Results: Microscopic examination of full sections showed spatial heterogeneity for CD8+ infiltrates. Simulation analyses demonstrated that 5 TMA regions provided a correct sampling of tumor and stromal compartments in Ta while 2 and 6 TMA regions were necessary in T1, respectively. CD8+ cells infiltration was associated with stage, regardless of the histological compartment analyzed (median CD8+ /mm2 were 25/mm2 and 129/mm2 in tumor and stroma respectively in Ta and 111/mm2 and 344/mm2 in T1; p-value = 0.006). CD8+ infiltration in tumor compartment was significantly associated with low FGFR3 expression. CD8+/mm2 count in the tumor compartment was not associated with prognosis. Conclusion: Differences identified between Ta and T1 tumours supported the hypothesis that rigorous efforts should be placed in proper study design. These results provide a new framework to investigate microenvironment complexity in bladder cancer.
Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Tracheal Intubation for Laparoscopic Hernia Repair in Children: Analysis of Respiratory Complications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative and postoperative respiratory complications between laryngeal mask (LM) airway and tracheal intubation (TI) in children undergoing percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) for inguinal hernia. Patients and Methods: From October 2015 to February 2019, 135 pediatric patients (97 males and 38 females) with median age of 4 years, who underwent PIRS for inguinal hernia, were included in study. Patients were divided in two groups. In group I (n = 94) LM airway was used, and in group II (n = 41) TI was performed. Demographic data, surgical and anesthesia times, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, muscle relaxation, level of pneumoperitoneum, and complications of anesthesia were compared between the groups. Results: No significant differences among compared groups regarding age (P = .435), sex (P = .306), body mass index (P = .548), ASA classification (P = .506), level of pneumoperitoneum (P = .968), and duration of surgery (P = .968) were found. Duration of anesthesia was significantly shorter when LM was used compared to TI (25 minutes versus 36 minutes; P < .00001). During recovery from anesthesia, the incidences of desaturation (n = 1 versus n = 5; P = .003), laryngospasm (n = 2 versus n = 5; P = .015), and cough (n = 0 versus n = 4; P = .002) were significantly lower when LM airway was used for securing of the airway. Postoperative incidences of sore throat (P = .543), bronchospasm (P = .128), and aspiration (P = .128) did not differ between LM and TI. Conclusions: The use of LM in pediatric anesthesia results in a decrease in a number of common complications and significantly shortened patient anesthesia time. It is therefore a valuable device for the management of the pediatric airway for laparoscopic hernia repair in children.
Evaluation of Serological Tests for Immunodiagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis using A60 and Lipoarabinomannan Antigens

Background: Problems in diagnosis of tuberculosis using smear and culture for acid fast bacilli (AFB) techniques have necessitated the exploration of the utility of serodiagnosis to support the clinical suspicion of tuberculosis. Three serological tests, namely Anti-A60 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Anti-A60IgM (ELISA) using A60 antigen and Mycodot test using lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen were evaluated as tools of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis against smear and culture methods. Materials and Methods: ELISA was used for the detection of IgG& IgM using A60 antigen, while Mycodot test was performed utilizing Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen bound to plastic combs in parallel with other familiar diagnostic methods in 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (Group I),25 patients with chest diseases other than tuberculosis (Group II) and 25 apparently healthy individuals(Group III) Members of (Group II) & (Group III) participate as control groups. All members of the three groups were examined for Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear stains, culture for acid fast bacilli (AFB) and Tuberculin skin test. Results: ELISA IgG results were positive in 42 (84%) tuberculous patients of Group I compared to 10 (40%) non tuberculous patients in Group II and 8 (32%) individuals in Group III. ELISA IgM results were positive in 30 (60%) tuberculous patients of Group I compared to 3(12%) non-tuberculous patients of Group II and 2 (8%) individuals of Group III. Mycodot test results were positive in 33 (66%) tuberculous patients in Group I compared to 6 (24%) non-tuberculous patients in Group II and 3 (12%) individuals of Group III. The overall sensitivities and specificities of the three tests (Mycodot, IgG and IgM) were obtained on basis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each test and comparison of (ROC) curves of the three tests and they were (66 , 82%) for Mycodot test, (80 , 92%) for Anti-A60 IgG and (82,74%) for Anti-A60 IgM. Positive predictive values and negative predictive values were (78.57, 70.69%) for Mycodot test, (90.91, 82.14%) for IgG and (75.93, 80.43%) for IgM. Results of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear stains and culture for Acid fast Bacilli (AFB) were positive in all members of group (I), while were negative in all members of control groups { group (II) and group (III) }. Tuberculin skin tests were positive in 46(92%) tuberculous patients of group (I), 7 of 20 (35%) non-tuberculous patients and 3 of 15 (20%) individuals of group III. Conclusion: Anti A60 IgG ELISA was the best serodiagnostic technique compared with Anti 60 IgM ELISA and Bull. Egypt. Soc. Physiol. Sci. 31 (2) 2011 El Kabeer et al. 126 Mycodot test. The high diagnostic performance of Anti 60 IgG makes it a useful, Simple and rapid supporting tool to confirm the clinical judgment of tuberculosis when used as an adjunct to symptoms and signs together with other investigation tools.
Mothers Management of their Child's After-school Activities and the Well-being of Children

The present investigation was an exploratory attempt to examine daily activity profile and the well- being of children of employed and non-employed mothers. A representative sample of 180 mothers (90 employed mothers and 90 non-employed mothers, having eldest child of 6-9 years) belonging to nuclear families of Udaipur, Rajasthan were selected. Data were collected using self-structured Interview schedule (Child's after-school activity schedule). The results of the study revealed that the employed mothers' children's major part of after school time was devoted to skill classes, academics and watching TV and least time was given to interaction with persons, parents and play. In comparison to this, non-employed mothers' children's, major portion of after school time is devoted to TV watching, academics, skill classes and playing videogames. In both the cases, less time is given to play during after school hours. In employed mothers children, more than 80% mothers reported that their children are facing well- being problems "always" whereas in case of non-employed mothers', approximately 55% reported "sometimes, regarding well-being problems. Thus, it is evident that children are having no time during after school hours for play and available free time is devoted to sedentary activities like TV watching and playing videogames instead of playing freely. The results of the study revealed that highly significant difference was found between employed and non- employed mothers' children in their after school hours as well as well-being of children