Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expansion of the genetic code: Site‐directed p‐fluoro‐phenylalanine incorporation in Escherichia coli

Site‐directed incorporation of the amino acid analogue p‐fluoro‐phenylalanine (p‐F‐Phe) was achieved in Escherichia coli. A yeast suppressor tRNAPheamber/phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase pair was expressed in an analogue‐resistant E. coli strain to direct analogue incorporation at a programmed amber stop codon in the DHFR marker protein. The programmed position was translated to 64‐75% as p‐F‐Phe and the remainder as phenylalanine and lysine. Depending on the expression conditions, the p‐F‐Phe incorporation was 11‐21‐fold higher at the programmed position than the background incorporation at phenylalanine codons, showing high specificity of analogue incorporation. Protein expression yields of 8‐12 mg/L of culture, corresponding to about two thirds of the expression level of the wild‐type DHFR protein, are sufficient to provide fluorinated proteins suitable for 19F‐NMR spectroscopy and other sample‐intensive methods. The use of a nonessential “21 st” tRNA/synthetase pair will permit incorporation of a wide range of analogues, once the synthetase specificity has been modified accordingly.
Effect of Embryonic Thermal Exposure on Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) Gene Expression and Serum T3 Concentration in Two Broiler Populations

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the Hsp-70, 27 and Ubiquitin mRNA expressions and serum T3 concentration in synthetic colored broiler female lines, Punjab Broiler-2 (PB-2), and Naked neck (NN) broiler chicken whose eggs were exposed to 2°C increased incubation temperature for 3 hours each on the 16th, 17 th, and 18th day of incubation. Another set of eggs were incubated at normal conditions that were utilized as the control. A total of 432 chicks, 216 from each breed (PB-2; NN) and treatment (Heat exposed: HE; normal: N), were randomly distributed and reared at high ambient temperatures (32°C-45°C) during the summer season in battery brooders. Birds were sacrificed at 0 and the 28th day post hatch and different tissues (heart, liver, muscle, spleen, and bursa) were collected to study Hsps and ubiquitin mRNA expression. There was no difference between the breeds and age of slaughter in Hsp-70 mRNA expression. The Hsp(70, 27, and ubiquitin) mRNA expression was significantly (P≤0.001) lower in HE birds than that of N birds in PB-2 chickens. Nonsignificant variation was observed in NN chicken. The Hsp-70 mRNA expression was highest in bursa and lowest in muscle and liver. Serum T3 concentration was similar in both HE and N birds. The study concludes that exposure to increased temperature during incubation results in reduced expressions of Hsp mRNA in almost all tissues indicating better thermotolerance of the HE birds.
Impact of Psychological Climate & transformational Leadership on Employee Performance

The perceptions of an employee about his/her work environment play a predictive role in determining his/her level of job satisfaction. Similarly, managerial leadership that is based on leader-member trust and non-formal methods of communication also increases the meaningfulness of job interpretation. This in turn leads to improved individual performance which, when summated, leads to an overall improvement in organizational effectiveness. The present paper attempts to study the influence of psychological climate and transformational leadership on job satisfaction which in turn leads to better levels of employee performance. Data for the present study were collected from manufacturing as well as service sector organizations all over India.
WWOX , the FRA 16 D Gene , Behaves as a Suppressor of Tumor Growth 1

We recently reported the cloning of WWOX, a gene that maps to the common fragile site FRA16D region in chromosome 16q23.3-24.1. It was observed that the genomic area spanned by WWOX is affected by chromosomal translocations and homozygous deletions. Furthermore, the high incidence of allelic loss in breast, ovarian, prostate, and other cancers affecting this region suggests that WWOX is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Expression of WWOX is highly variable in breast cancer cell lines, with some cases showing low or undetectable levels of expression. In this report, we demonstrate that ectopic WWOX expression strongly inhibits anchorage-independent growth in soft agar of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-435 and T47D. Additionally, we observed that WWOX induces a dramatic inhibition of tumorigenicity of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells when tested in vivo. We also detected the common occurrence of aberrant WWOX transcripts with deletions of exons 5–8 or 6–8 in various carcinoma cell lines, multiple myeloma cell lines, and primary breast tumors. These aberrant mRNA forms were not detected in normal tissues. Interestingly, we further observed that proteins encoded by such aberrant transcripts display an abnormal nuclear localization in contrast to the wild-type WWOX protein that localizes to the Golgi system. Our data indicate that WWOX behaves as a potent suppressor of tumor growth and suggest that abnormalities affecting this gene at the genomic and transcriptional level may be of relevance in carcinogenesis.
Understanding golf country club members' loyalty: factors affecting membership renewal decisions.

Most private country clubs across the United States have experienced a decline in membership and smaller waitlists of members wanting to join. The objective of this study was to investigate whether member involvement, service quality, and perceived value, influence member satisfaction and intention to renew membership for members of private country clubs. An online survey instrument customized for the country club industry was distributed to members of three country clubs in the Northeast Ohio area. Results indicate that involvement, service quality, and perceived value impact country club members’ satisfaction and intention to renew their membership. Managerial implications are discussed.
Timing New Drug Introductions: The Roles of Regulatory Rules and Firms' Complementary Assets

We demonstrate the dual affects that regulatory rules and firms' complementary assets have on the timing of new product introductions in the pharmaceutical industry. We develop theory and evidence to explain how incumbent firms respond with new product introductions to a change in their competitive environment-namely, the increasing use by generic entrants of Paragraph IV Challenges under the U.S. Hatch-Waxman Act. Noting that such challenges increase the likelihood of earlier generic competition, we theorize incumbent firms' branded-product revenue streams are being compressed and that, in turn, incumbents are responding to the Hatch-Waxman milestones by marketing new products. We also uncover the important role that complementary assets play, both in enabling and constraining the firm's ability to respond. Using a novel set of product-level data, we explore the determinants of firms' new product introductions, uncovering the importance of internal research capabilities and strategic patenting. Extending this analysis, we examine the factors that increase the tendency of firms to target the Hatch-Waxman milestones with new product launches. We also investigate the types of new products being launched, and find a dependence on reformulations and next-generation products, but also emphasize the critical role of novel drug development.
Intergenerational aspects of the development of aggression: a preliminary report.

Across studies in a variety of environmental settings, secure attachment relationships early in life are associated with a lower rate of abnormally aggressive patterns of behavior later in childhood. The quality of an attachment relationship can be predicted by a recently developed measure of parents' mental representations of their own early childhood relationships, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). AAI classifications of single parents of abnormally aggressive preschoolers (n = 10) from two low income day care centers were compared with those of single parents of age-, race-, sex-, and center-matched controls (n = 10). All abnormally aggressive children had parents classified as insecure on the AAI; parents of all but one of the nonaggressive controls were classified as secure (p < .001). The AAI may be a useful intergenerational predictor of antisocial and resilient outcomes among children for whom a single caregiver is the only resource for longstanding attachment relationships. Efforts to enhance the constellation of children's early attachment relationships may serve to prevent antisocial outcome.
Transoesophageal needle aspiration using a convex probe ultrasonic bronchoscope

Background and objective: Although endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration can be helpful when combined with bronchoscopic procedures, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration is not available as a conjunctive procedure with bronchoscopy at many institutions. This study evaluated the feasibility and the additional role of transoesophageal fine needle aspiration using a convex probe ultrasonic bronchoscope (EUS‐B‐FNA).
The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Wound Healing

*University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; †New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; ‡Hospital for Special Surgery, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, New York, New York; §New York University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine, New York, New York; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Pennsylvania State Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
Understanding vision in wholly empirical terms

This article considers visual perception, the nature of the information on which perceptions seem to be based, and the implications of a wholly empirical concept of perception and sensory processing for vision science. Evidence from studies of lightness, brightness, color, form, and motion all indicate that, because the visual system cannot access the physical world by means of retinal light patterns as such, what we see cannot and does not represent the actual properties of objects or images. The phenomenology of visual perceptions can be explained, however, in terms of empirical associations that link images whose meanings are inherently undetermined to their behavioral significance. Vision in these terms requires fundamentally different concepts of what we see, why, and how the visual system operates.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign needed consensus to exclude selective decontamination of the digestive tract.

To the Editor: We thank Dr. MacIntyre for his editorial (1) on our article (2). We have four questions for him. One, we identified more than 15 methodologic errors in the metaanalysis performed by the EvidenceBased-Medicine Task Force on weaning (3). Our article holds no importance if we are wrong about the methodologic errors we identified (2). Dr. MacIntyre does not contend a single one of these errors. He writes “I’m not going to address the methodologic criticisms” (1). Yet, this is the very core of our article. The primary means for correcting scientific error is the dialectic process (4). Avoiding engagement in argument and counter-argument is the antithesis of science (4). We ask Dr. MacIntyre: “If we mistakenly identified some methodologic errors, which ones are they? ” (Dr. MacIntyre writes “the methodologic criticisms [are] addressed in accompanying editorial”. But Dr. Marini did not write that we made methodologic errors). Two, Dr. MacIntyre continues, “Rather I will clarify how the McMaster findings were used by the task force to create operational guidelines for clinicians at the bedside. ” (1) In this sentence, Dr. MacIntyre implies that the Task Force created clinical guidelines without analyzing the primary data (5). Our questions to Dr. MacIntyre: “Did Task-Force members check for errors in the analyses undertaken by the McMaster group? ” (If the Task Force’s primary role was to imprint a seal-of-approval on a metaanalysis conducted by another group, readers should be so informed). Three, Dr. MacIntyre notes their meta-analysis revealed “consistently significant likelihood ratios” (1). But consistency is no guard against systematic error. If a spirometer contains a positive bias, the recorded volumes will overestimate true volume in a “consistent” manner (2). Dr. MacIntyre writes “the task force concluded that the individual likelihood ratios were not sufficiently high enough to drive clinical decision making at the bedside. ” (1) We ask Dr. MacIntyre: “Is it wise to drive clinical decisions based on likelihood ratios that involve a series of compounded methodologic errors? ” Four, Dr. MacIntyre writes “The guidelines seem to be standing the ‘test of time’ and are continuing to serve as an important tool to reduce iatrogenic delays in mechanical ventilation withdrawal. ” (1) We ask Dr. MacIntyre: “If these are not mere assertions, please present the data that warrant your conclusion: that the guidelines are (a) standing the test of time and (b) reducing iatrogenic weaning delays? ” We listed more than 15 methodologic errors in the Task Force’s meta-analysis (2). If we are wrong about these, we welcome correction from any member of the Task Force (3, 5). If the methodologic errors cannot be refuted, then what is the validity of the evidence on which the Evidence-Based-Medicine Task Force base their conclusions? The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Therapy development for ALS: Lessons learned and path forward

Several therapies have shown promise in preclinical models of motor neuron disease. Several of these treatment approaches, however, failed in human studies. In moving forward with new promising therapies, it is important to first identify whether the past trials were unsuccessful due to wrong therapy and biological target or because of flaws in trial design and conduct. We review treatment development in ALS and discuss the strengths and limitations of past clinical trials. Better biomarkers of disease and markers of biological activity of the therapies under development are urgently needed. Obtaining information regarding dosage, pharmacokinetics, short-term safety and biological activity in well designed phase I and II studies is critical to the design of phase III trials that will yield meaningful results.
A comparative clinical study on the Carisolv caries removal method.

OBJECTIVE Carisolv is a relatively new chemomechanical method for caries removal. The aim of this clinical study was to compare Carisolv with the conventional drilling technique. METHOD AND MATERIALS Forty-five volunteers, ages 18 to 55 years, each with two contralateral primary coronal mesio-occlusal or disto-occlusal carious lesions, similar in extent, participated in the study. Two calibrated operators treated all lesions. One operator treated both lesions in one visit (one lesion with Carisolv and the other with conventional drilling). Following the filling procedure, the opinion of each patient regarding each caries removal method was recorded. The need for drilling in addition to the Carisolv application, the time required for caries removal, the need for anesthesia, and the gingival reaction to the Carisolv gel were recorded by each operator for each case. RESULTS The patients found Carisolv treatment more pleasant (82%) and preferable (88%) to drilling. Of the patients treated with drilling, 40% required anesthesia compared to the 8% treated with Carisolv. Additional drilling for complete caries removal was needed in 10% of Carisolv-treated lesions. Carisolv induced no gingival reaction. Significantly longer times were required for caries removal with Carisolv (12.2 +/- 4.1 minutes) compared to drilling (6.8 +/- 2.8 minutes). CONCLUSIONS The Carisolv technique was: (a) accepted by the majority of patients, (b) efficient for caries removal, (c) considered a time-consuming technique for the dentists, and (d) considered less dependent on local anesthesia.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome engineering of CHO cell factories: Application and perspectives

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used production host for therapeutic proteins. With the recent emergence of CHO genome sequences, CHO cell line engineering has taken on a new aspect through targeted genome editing. The bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system enables rapid, easy and efficient engineering of mammalian genomes. It has a wide range of applications from modification of individual genes to genome‐wide screening or regulation of genes. Facile genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 empowers researchers in the CHO community to elucidate the mechanistic basis behind high level production of proteins and product quality attributes of interest. In this review, we describe the basis of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing and its application for development of next generation CHO cell factories while highlighting both future perspectives and challenges. As one of the main drivers for the CHO systems biology era, genome engineering with CRISPR/Cas9 will pave the way for rational design of CHO cell factories.
Omega-3 fatty acids: new insights into the pharmacology and biology of docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid

Purpose of review Fish oil contains a complex mixture of omega-3 fatty acids, which are predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Each of these omega-3 fatty acids has distinct biological effects that may have variable clinical effects. In addition, plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids are affected not only by dietary intake, but also by the polymorphisms of coding genes fatty acid desaturase 1-3 for the desaturase enzymes that convert short-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The clinical significance of this new understanding regarding the complexity of omega-3 fatty acid biology is the purpose of this review. Recent findings FADS polymorphisms that result in either lower levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or higher levels of long-chain omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, are associated with dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors. EPA and DHA have differences in their effects on lipoprotein metabolism, in which EPA, with a more potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha effect, decreases hepatic lipogenesis, whereas DHA not only enhances VLDL lipolysis, resulting in greater conversion to LDL, but also increases HDL cholesterol and larger, more buoyant LDL particles. Summary Overall, these results emphasize that blood concentrations of individual long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which reflect both dietary intake and metabolic influences, may have independent, but also complementary- biological effects and reinforce the need to potentially provide a complex mixture of omega-3 fatty acids to maximize cardiovascular risk reduction.
Propensity scores for confounder adjustment when assessing the effects of medical interventions using nonexperimental study designs

Treatment effects, especially when comparing two or more therapeutic alternatives as in comparative effectiveness research, are likely to be heterogeneous across age, gender, co‐morbidities and co‐medications. Propensity scores (PSs), an alternative to multivariable outcome models to control for measured confounding, have specific advantages in the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects. Implementing PSs using matching or weighting allows us to estimate different overall treatment effects in differently defined populations. Heterogeneous treatment effects can also be due to unmeasured confounding concentrated in those treated contrary to prediction. Sensitivity analyses based on PSs can help to assess such unmeasured confounding. PSs should be considered a primary or secondary analytic strategy in nonexperimental medical research, including pharmacoepidemiology and nonexperimental comparative effectiveness research.
Do Cognitive Deficits in Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Persist Into Adulthood?

This article reviews neuropsychological research in adults with bipolar disorder and compares the findings with emergent data on neuropsychological function in juvenile bipolar disorder. Despite a recent surge of interest in childhood onset bipolar disorder, there remains a scarcity of neuropsychological literature investigating this population. From the study of adult bipolar disorder a substantial body of literature points to the existence of trait deficits in verbal and executive function that are detectable even during euthymia. In the nascent literature on neuropsychology in early onset bipolar, there is growing evidence to suggest that some of the deficits apparent in adults are also discernible in adolescents. Precise knowledge about when, how, and why these deficits appear requires future research of prodromal changes in neurocognition in childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder.
Catalase Activity, Serum Trace Element and Heavy Metal Concentrations, and Vitamin A, D and E Levels in Pre-Eclampsia

Catalase (antioxidant enzyme) activity in erythrocytes and serum levels of trace elements (copper, iron, zinc), heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt) and vitamins A (retinol), D (cholecalciferol) and E (α-tocopherol) were measured in 145 subjects comprising 47 pre-eclamptic pregnant women (PE), 48 healthy pregnant women (HP) and 50 healthy non-pregnant controls (NP). Catalase, vitamins A, D and E and levels of cobalt were significantly lower in the PE group compared with the HP and NP groups, whereas levels of copper, iron and cadmium were significantly higher in the PE group than in the HP and NP groups. Levels of zinc were significantly lower in both the PE and HP groups compared with the NP group. This assessment of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in pregnant women could be useful in the early identification of pre-eclampsia and antioxidant supplementation in the early weeks of gestation might be useful.
Best Proximity Sets and Equilibrium Pairs for a Finite Family of Multimaps

We establish the existence of a best proximity pair for which the best proximity set is nonempty for a finite family of multimaps whose product is either an -multimap or a multimap such that both and are closed and have the KKM property for each Kakutani multimap . As applications, we obtain existence theorems of equilibrium pairs for free 1-person games as well as for free 1-person games. Our results extend and improve several well-known and recent results.
Parental Knowledge of Child Sexual Abuse Symptoms

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate parental knowledge of symptoms of child sexual abuse (CSA), and to determine the factors associated with that knowledge. A total of 150 parents listed symptoms of CSA in the following areas: physical/medical, emotional, sexual behavior, and behavior towards others. Results suggest that, although most parents are familiar with some of the symptoms of CSA, they are more likely to know emotional or behavioral reactions which could be suggestive of many other life stressors. Parents with higher socioeconomic status listed more symptoms, but race and parenting experience were not significant factors. Results suggest the need to inform parents of more indicative physical or sexual symptoms, and to target parents of lower SES background in awareness efforts.