Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived competence and warmth influence respect, liking and trust in work relations

Many studies confirmed the positive effect of trust on human relations and performance in organizations. As a social judgment, trust should be related to perceived competence and warmth as two basic dimensions of person perception. Surprisingly, to date no attempts have been made to examine the influence of attributed competence and warmth on social judgments in interpersonal relations at work. To this end, we examine the influence of perceived competence and warmth on trust, liking and respect in upward and downward work relations. A study involving 190 middle-stage managers revealed that the two fundamental dimensions of social cognition (competence and warmth) influence respect, liking and trust. Competence had a stronger effect on respect than warmth; the opposite was true for liking. Trust was conditioned by both competence and warmth to an equal, high extent. At the same time, warmth expressed by supervisors led to higher results in liking, respect and trust in them than warmth expressed by subordinates.
Ghost-House Busters: The Electoral Response to a Large Anti Tax Evasion Program

The incentives of political agents to enforce tax collection are key determinants of the levels of compliance. We study the electoral response to the Ghost Buildings program, a nationwide anti-tax evasion policy in Italy that used innovative monitoring technologies to target buildings hidden from tax authorities. Two million buildings were registered as a result of the program. Our difference-in-differences identification strategy exploits both variation across towns in the ex-ante program scope to increase enforcement as well as administrative data on actual building registrations. Local incumbents experience an increase in their reelection likelihood as a consequence of the policy. In addition, these political returns are higher in areas with lower tax evasion tolerance and with higher speed of public good provision, implying complementarity among enforcement policies, the underlying tax culture, and government efficiency.
Empirical Analysis of Selection Screens for Domestication and Improvement Loci in Maize by Extended DNA Sequencing

Both domestication and crop improvement in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) have involved selection of specific alleles at genes controlling key morphologic and agronomic traits, resulting in reduced genetic diversity relative to unselected genes. This difference in genetic diversity has led to the development of genomic screens for artificial selection in maize that have identified ∼50 candidate agronomic genes. One limitation of these initial genome screens is that the short length of the alignment (average length < 300 bp) restricts the statistical power and may lead to false positives. The major objective of this research was to provide an empirical determination of the false positive rate of genomic screens for artificial selection in maize. Therefore, we performed extended sequencing throughout the available gene sequence of 27 previously identified selection candidates using maize inbred, maize landrace (for 12 genes), and teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) accessions. The extended sequence alignments (average length > 2000 bp) allowed clear separation of strong candidates for selection from those that cannot be distinguished from the tail of the diversity distribution of all maize genes. The extended alignments also allowed linkage disequilibrium to be considered in evaluating a candidate's selection status. This proved particularly useful in distinguishing selection at domestication versus subsequent crop improvement.
Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015eruption

Abstract. Lava flow simulations help to better understand volcanic hazards and may assist emergency preparedness at active volcanoes. We demonstrate that at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, such simulations can explain the 2014–2015 lava flow crisis and therefore provide a valuable base to better prepare for the next inevitable eruption. We conducted topographic mapping in the field and a satellite-based remote sensing analysis. We produced the first topographic model of the 2014–2015 lava flow from combined terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and photogrammetric data. This high-resolution topographic information facilitates lava flow volume estimates of 43.7 ± 5.2 × 106 m3 from the vertical difference between pre- and posteruptive topographies. Both the pre-eruptive and updated digital elevation models (DEMs) serve as the fundamental input data for lava flow simulations using the well-established DOWNFLOW algorithm. Based on thousands of simulations, we assess the lava flow hazard before and after the 2014–2015 eruption. We find that, although the lava flow hazard has changed significantly, it remains high at the locations of two villages that were destroyed during this eruption. This result is of particular importance as villagers have already started to rebuild the settlements. We also analysed satellite radar imagery acquired by the German TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite to map lava flow emplacement over time. We obtain the lava flow boundaries every 6 to 11 days during the eruption, which assists the interpretation and evaluation of the lava flow model performance. Our results highlight the fact that lava flow hazards change as a result of modifications of the local topography due to lava flow emplacement. This implies the need for up-to-date topographic information in order to assess lava flow hazards. We also emphasize that areas that were once overrun by lava flows are not necessarily safer, even if local lava flow thicknesses exceed the average lava flow thickness. Our observations will be important for the next eruption of Fogo Volcano and have implications for future lava flow crises and disaster response efforts at basaltic volcanoes elsewhere in the world.
Irreversibility of electrical insulating material properties

Property changes in electrical insulating materials that appear during repeated voltage stress (e. g. in an applied voltage test) are an often discussed problem. The voltage exposure leads to irreversible changes in a negative sense as this investigation clearly demonstrates. A slow deterioration appears even in the case of the above mentioned applied voltage test when the irreversible effects of particular measurements superimpose. These are the effects of irreversible behavior of the insulating materials at applied voltage stress.
Atmospheric OH reactivity in central London: observations, model predictions and estimates of in situ ozone production

Abstract. Near-continuous measurements of hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity in the urban background atmosphere of central London during the summer of 2012 are presented. OH reactivity behaviour is seen to be broadly dependent on air mass origin, with the highest reactivity and the most pronounced diurnal profile observed when air had passed over central London to the east, prior to measurement. Averaged over the entire observation period of 26 days, OH reactivity peaked at ∼ 27 s−1 in the morning, with a minimum of ∼ 15 s−1 during the afternoon. A maximum OH reactivity of 116 s−1 was recorded on one day during morning rush hour. A detailed box model using the Master Chemical Mechanism was used to calculate OH reactivity, and was constrained with an extended measurement data set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from a gas chromatography flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and a two-dimensional GC instrument which included heavier molecular weight (up to C12) aliphatic VOCs, oxygenated VOCs and the biogenic VOCs α-pinene and limonene. Comparison was made between observed OH reactivity and modelled OH reactivity using (i) a standard suite of VOC measurements (C2–C8 hydrocarbons and a small selection of oxygenated VOCs) and (ii) a more comprehensive inventory including species up to C12. Modelled reactivities were lower than those measured (by 33 %) when only the reactivity of the standard VOC suite was considered. The difference between measured and modelled reactivity was improved, to within 15 %, if the reactivity of the higher VOCs (⩾ C9) was also considered, with the reactivity of the biogenic compounds of α-pinene and limonene and their oxidation products almost entirely responsible for this improvement. Further improvements in the model's ability to reproduce OH reactivity (to within 6 %) could be achieved if the reactivity and degradation mechanism of unassigned two-dimensional GC peaks were estimated. Neglecting the contribution of the higher VOCs (⩾ C9) (particularly α-pinene and limonene) and model-generated intermediates increases the modelled OH concentrations by 41 %, and the magnitude of in situ ozone production calculated from the production of RO2 was significantly lower (60 %). This work highlights that any future ozone abatement strategies should consider the role that biogenic emissions play alongside anthropogenic emissions in influencing London's air quality.
A “BRIC”-variety of capitalism and social inequality: The case of Brazil

The focus of this contribution is on the mode of capitalism within the industrialized sectors of “emerging markets”. Particularly in the context of the rise of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) this question has gained considerable importance, also for the development of the world economy as a whole. The core question is whether the type of capitalism within these economies is similar to the capitalist variety of the triad, or diverges in more or less permanent ways. The article gives a preliminary answer to this question, by developing a rough sketch of a “BRIC” model of capitalism and illustrating this model with the case of Brazil. In terms of theory, the article extends the Comparative Capitalism (CC) perspective to the BRICs. On the one side, the focus is on the classical questions of CC, i.e. the determinants of economic development and the differences to other types of capitalism, on the other side the relationship between these varieties and social inequality. It argues that the “state-permeated market economies” of the BRICs rely on clans as a mode of social coordination. As demonstrated by the case of Brazil, this type of capitalism can be quite successful, but is based on a highly unequal distribution of economic and political resources.
The Cost of Exclusion and the Benefit of Overinclusion: Individual Differences Moderate Sensitivity to Inclusionary Status

The current study examined the impact of varying degrees of exclusion and overinclusion on mood and the needs for belonging and control. Participants played an online ball tossing game with two computerized confederates in which they were initially included, then gradually excluded or overincluded. Participants in the exclusion condition suffered a reduction in mood and impaired psychological needs (belonging, control). This effect was evident after receiving four (7.4%) fewer tosses than when included. Overinclusion resulted in improved psychological needs, but not mood. Rejection sensitivity (RS) did not moderate the effect of exclusion, demonstrating the negative and highly detectable nature of exclusion. RS, however, did moderate the effect of overinclusion, such that high RS individuals experienced improved mood and psychological needs, whereas low RS individuals did not. Implications for future research are discussed.
Evaluation of growth and nitrogen fixation of pea nodulation mutants in western Canada

Optimized biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) could increase crop productivity and reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in western Canada. We tested the BNF capabilities and growth of three pea nodulation mutants [Frisson P64 Sym29, Frisson P88 Sym28, and Rondo-nod3 (fix+)] compared with check cultivars [CDC Dakota, CDC Meadow, Frisson, Rondo, and non-fixing negative control Frisson P56 (nod–)] under field conditions in Saskatchewan, Canada, in three environments. CDC Meadow and CDC Dakota produced greater dry biomass and seed yield but less fixed N compared with the mutants. On average, Frisson P88 Sym29 fixed 19% and 31% more N per plot compared with CDC Dakota and CDC Meadow, respectively. Rondo-nod3 (fix+) fixed 12% and 23% more N per plot compared with CDC Dakota and CDC Meadow, respectively. All lines grown at Saskatoon in 2015 had longer time to flowering, greater biomass, and greater grain yield but less amounts of N fixation compared with these lines grown at Saskatoon in 2014 or Floral in 2015. Compared with the commercial checks, Frisson P88 Sym29 and Rondo-nod3 (fix+) had a high percent N derived from the atmosphere and good nodulation under relatively high soil available N content, while requiring at least one week shorter growing period to reach maturity, indicating that these mutants have potential as parents in breeding for improved BNF in pea.
Teachers and other educational agents' sentiments, attitudes and concerns about inclusion: portuguese data

In the beginning of the 21st century schools are characterised as multicultural spaces and times (Cesar, 2009). In the two last decades we observe a growing cultural diversity among students who attend Portuguese mainstream schools (Cesar, Santos, 2006). The construction of broader inclusive educational settings is related with teachers and other educational agents’ sentiments, attitudes and concerns towards inclusive education (IE) (Forlin, Loreman, Sharma, Earle, 2007; Loreman, Earle, Sharma, Forlin, 2007). This research is part of a broader project Educacao Inclusiva e Processos de Formacao whose main goal was to study the sentiments, attitudes and concerns presented by educational agents, before and after attending pre- and in-service teacher education which included some curricular units regarding IE. We assumed an interpretative approach and carried out a long panel survey. To collect data we used documents and the SACIE scale – Sentiments, Attitudes, Concerns about Inclusive Education scale, by Loreman, Earle, Sharma, Forlin, (2006). The SACIE scale was answered in two moments: (1) at the beginning; and (2) at the end of the selected curricular units. Data treatment and analysis was based in descriptive statistics and used the SPSS software. The main results of the study are presented and discussed in the paper, starting from the analysis of the data referred to the majority of teachers and other educational agents, who reported comfort sentiments, but only a lower number of them showed inclusive attitudes towards students who need some specialised educational support.
An Improved Mass-loss Description for Dust-driven Superwinds

We derive an improved description of dust-driven stellar mass-loss for the cool winds of carbon-rich tip-AGB stars. We use pulsating wind models in which the mass loss is driven by radiation pressure on dust grains, for C-rich chemistry. From a larger set of these models, selected for representative dynamical (pulsational velocity amplitudev ,p eriodP ) and chemical (theC=O abundance ratio) input parameters, an improved approximative mass-loss formula has been derived which depends only on the stellar parameters (eective temperature Te, luminosity L and mass M). Due to the detailed consideration of the chemistry and the physics of the dust nucleation and growth processes, there is a particularly strong dependence of the mass-loss rate _ M (in M=yr) on Te :l og _ M =8 :86 1:95logM=M 6:81logT=K+2:47logL=L. The dependence of the model mass-loss on the pulsational period has explicitly been accounted for in connection with the luminosity dependence, by applying an observed period{luminosity relation for C-rich Miras. We also apply the improved mass-loss description to our evolution models, and we revisit their tip-AGB mass-loss histories and the total masses lost, in comparison to our earlier work with a preliminary mass-loss description. While there is virtually no dierence for the models in the lower mass range of consideration (Mi =1 : 0t o 1:3M), we now nd more realistic, larger superwind mass-loss rates for larger stellar masses: i.e., _ M between0: 4a nd 1:0 10 4 M/yr for Mi between 1.85 and 2.65 M, removing between 0.6 and 1.2 M, respectively, during the nal 30 000 yrs on the tip-AGB.
Phytochemical and Nutritive Qualities of Dried Seeds of Buchholzia Coriacea

The qualitative, quantitative phytochemical analyses, proximate and the minerals composition of dried seeds of Buchholzia coriacea were determined using standard methods. The proximate analysis showed that the seeds contained moisture (1.30%), crude fat (2.30%), crude protein (13.34%), ash content (6.6%), crude fibre (2.19%), carbohydrate (75.43%). the mineral analysis indicated that the dried seeds contained sodium (1.22ppm), potassium (1.34 ppm), phosphorous (0.22mg/g), calcium (0.19%), magnesium (1.62%), zinc (0.18%) iron (1.11%), and manganese (0.46%). The phytochemicals detected where alkaloids (3.16 and 3.32%), glycosides (2.16 and 2.46 %), saponin (2.10 and 2.23%), steroids (0.14 and 0.16%) ,tannin (6.46 and 6.73%), flavonoids (0.68 and 0.79%), terpenes (0.22 and 0.16%), reducing sugars (1.14 and 1.71%) and phenol (1.83 and 1.26%) for ethanol and methanol extract respectively.
Corn Stalk Lodging: A Forensic Engineering Approach Provides Insights into Failure Patterns and Mechanisms

Stalk lodging is essentially a structural failure. It was therefore hypothesized that application of structural and forensic engineering principles would provide novel insights into the problem of late-season stalk lodging of maize (Zea mays L.). This study presents results from a structural engineering failure analysis of corn stalk lodging, involving detailed inspection and measurements of lodged stalks and a multidimensional imaging study to assess stalk architecture based on structural engineering principles. This work involved infield observation of >20 varieties of lodged corn stalk in eight international locations and detailed geometric analysis of four varieties. Analysis of collected data revealed very strong, yet previously unreported, patterns in corn stalk lodging. Corn stalks predominantly fail (break) by creasing, fall in the direction of the minor diameter of the cross section, and break within 4 cm of a node. These failure patterns, across a broad sampling of varieties and environments, suggest a consistent weakness in maize stalk architecture, indicating that a common solution might be identified to strengthen maize stalks. Structural engineering analysis of stalk architecture and morphology revealed that several geometric stress concentrators (features known from engineering theory to increase local stresses) occur in the predominant failure region of corn stalk. Identified stress concentrators include surface irregularities, sharp changes in diameter, and voids occurring in the stalk pith. Each of these stalk features persist across different international locations, environmental conditions, and hybrid varieties. These findings support the use of new selective breeding approaches that focus on stalk morphology and structural engineering analysis of corn stalk architecture to develop lodging resistant varieties of maize. D. Robertson, M. Julias, and D.D. Cook, Dep. of Mechanical Engineering, New York Univ–Abu Dhabi, PO BOX 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; B, Gardunia, and T. Barten, Monsanto Corporation, 1551 Highway 210, Huxley, Iowa. Received: 8 Jan. 2015. Accepted 22 Apr. 2015. *Corresponding author (douglascook@nyu.edu). Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography. Published in Crop Sci. 55:2833–2841 (2015). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.01. 0010 Freely available online through the author-supported open-access option. © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Published October 19, 2015
The Influence of Postharvest Storage on Quality Characteristics of Fruit of Eggplant Cultivars

Quality changes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits, as affected by short-term storage at simulated retail conditionswere investigated. The fruits were obtained from greenhouse-grown plants. The cultivars chosen for the experiment were:â€˜Scorpioâ€™, â€˜Oscarâ€™, â€˜Tangoâ€™ and DRA 2086. The fruits were harvested in the middle of June, at marketable maturity, wrappedwith stretch film and stored for one week at 16oC temperature. Before and after storage there were determined: fruit firmness,puncture load of flesh, colour of skin with CIE L*a*b* system, soluble solids content, total phenolics content in fruit flesh andskin, free phenolic acids in flesh and skin (with HPLC method). Sensory quality of the fruits was determined with quantitativedescriptive analysis in expert panel, using 19 quality attributes. Results of the experiment showed that both the storage and thegenotype affected several quality attributes of the fruits concerning physical characteristics and chemical composition, whichcan be perceived by instrumental and sensory methods. Flesh firmness and flesh puncture load decreased, as well as solublesolids content. Total phenolics content in fruit skin increased during storage, but the content in flesh was not affected. Fromfree phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid was found in the highest amount, and its content in fruits decreased during storage.
Spatially-averaged oscillatory flow over a rough bed

A rigorous framework involving flow decomposition and averaging is presented, within which the mechanics of rough-(e.g., rippled-) bed oscillatory flows can be better interpreted and understood. Spatiallyaveraged equations for conservation of fluid mass and momentum are developed for analyses of rapidly-changing bed conditions, e.g., for growing ripples. Where repeated observations of the changing bed conditions are available, the ensemble and spatially-averaged versions of these equations can be used for more detailed analyses of the flow dynamics.The double-averaged (in space and phase or time) equations of mass and momentum conservation are shown to be appropriate for analyses of flows over fixed rough beds and equilibrium ripples. The value of the present framework is highlighted herein by its application to PIV-measured oscillatory-flow velocities, stresses and vorticities over growing and equilibrium wave-induced intermediate-depth orbital-vortex ripples. In particular, discussions are provided regarding the mechanisms by which gravity-induced and pressure-gradient-induced momentum is transferred to the bed, with the analysis framework naturally and explicitly including the combination of the full range of fluid stresses and boundary form and skin friction drag that is important in defining the flow mechanics.
Building A Dataset For Bilateral Maritime Connectivity

This paper presents a unique database reporting the shortest liner shipping routes between any pair of countries for a reference sample of 178 countries over the 2006-2012 period. Computed maritime distances are re-trieved using an original database containing all existing direct liner shipping connections between pairs of countries and the corresponding sea distance. The number of transhipments necessary to connect any country pair to allow for containerizable trade is also retrieved. The contribution of this database is threefold. First, it is expected to be a useful tool for a better appreciation of transport costs and access to regular container shipping services and their im-pact on trade. Secondly, as presented in this paper, it helps to describe and analyse the structure of the existing global network of liner shipping services for containerizable trade, i.e. most international trade in manufactured goods. Finally, our database is expected to facilitate the construction of a bilateral liner shipping connectivity index building on UNCTAD’s original work.