Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Happiness and related factors in infertile women

Infertility could be considered as one of the diseases which cause many psychological problems such as low level of happiness. Beside the direct effects of infertility, other factors could affect the happiness level of the infertile women. This study was conducted to investigate these factors. In this descriptiveanalytic study, a total of 130 women who visited our center in Kermanshah, Iran, were selected by using convenience sampling method. Demographic data questionnaire, the Spiritual Intelligence Self‐Report Inventory (sisri-24), Oxford happiness inventory (OHI) and Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to collect the data. In this study, the mean score for happiness level of the infertile women was found to be 30.98. The results, also, showed that there is a positive significant correlation between happiness with income, wife and the husband’s education level, life satisfaction and spiritual intelligence and its three subscales. Moreover, a significant but negative correlation was found to exist between the length of the infertility period and the happiness level of these women. Finally, the education level factor was found to be the most effective in predicting the happiness level of the infertile women. Based on the findings of this study, the happiness level of the infertile women was lower than the rest of the population within the society. Considering the fact that some factors affects the happiness level of these people; therefore, interventions which could target these factors could increase these women’s happiness level.
Nutrition, weight status and physical activity in Saudi Arabia : with special focus on women

Background: The high prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia is a growing challenge to public health. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of physical activity (PA) and associated factors among female university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 663 randomly selected female university students who completed the Arab Teens Life Style questionnaire. Data included measurements of anthropometric, socioeconomic and environmental factors, as well as self-reported PA. Ordinal regression was used to identify associated factors with low, moderate and high PA levels. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.4 years (SD 1.5). Mean BMI of the students in relation to PA were 23.0, 22.9, 22.1 for high, moderate and low levels of activity, respectively. The analysis revealed significantly higher PA levels among married students, those with high educated mothers, and those who lived far from parks, and lower activity levels among underweight students. Conclusions: This study raises four important determinants for female university students’ PA levels. These factors could be of great importance in the endeavor to prevent the health-threatening increase in physical inactivity patterns and thus non-communicable diseases and obesity where the focus should be on the specific situation and needs of women in Saudi Arabia.
Aid Effectiveness for Poverty Reduction: Lessons from Cross‑country Analyses, with a Special Focus on Vulnerable Countries

Introduction: focus of the paperFollowing the adoption of the MDG, particularly the first one that is to reduce poverty by half between 1995 and 2015, numerous studies have examined how external aid can contribute to their achievement. The formula "doubling aid to reduce the poverty by half" relied on the implicit assumption that aid was an effective instrument for poverty reduction. The formula and corresponding assumption have been debated. Two opposite views clearly appeared, one, represented by Jeffrey Sachs in his End of Poverty, underlining the need for a big push to get low income countries out of poverty traps, the other one, illustrated by the attacks of William Easterly against aid as a support of a big push and the idea of a poverty trap, and also including arguments about a limited absorptive capacity. Elsewhere we have argued that the absorptive capacity of aid depends on aid modalities and can be enhanced by a reform of aid, a way by which big push and absorptive capacity views can be reconciled and to which we come back later (Guillaumont and Guillaumont Jeanneney, 2010). Actually the academic debate on aid effectiveness of the first millennium decade has been dominated by another controversy, relying on cross country regressions and initiated by the highly influential paper of Burnside and Dollar (2000). After so many cross country studies following their paper, supporting or, more often, criticizing it, there seems to be a temptation to consider this research orientation as a deadlock and to switch to micro impact analysis. Whatever the importance and need of impact micro-analyses, we argue that it would be a dangerous dismissal to give up the cross-section approach, for several reasons. First the methodological weaknesses of many studies does not entail that other ones relying on better methodology and data cannot lead to more robust results. Second, since cross section studies on aid effectiveness will never be totally given up, there is a risk to see only the most provocative (and possibly least robust) retaining the attention of media and policy makers, a policy challenge to be kept in mind in the orientation of research. Finally micro studies and impact analyses, while they supply policy makers with useful information in a given context, are not an appropriate tool for assessing the impact of macro-economic features of countries on aid effectiveness.The aim of this paper, relying on results of the cross country literature on aid effectiveness, and drawing only on those we consider as particularly relevant and robust is to examine how aid can contribute to poverty reduction, with a special focus on the way it can address the vulnerability of many developing countries.
Nonlinear dynamics and output feedback control of multiple spacecraft in elliptical orbits

Considers the problem of relative position control for multiple spacecraft formation flying. Specifically, the nonlinear dynamics describing the motion of a follower spacecraft relative to a leader spacecraft are developed for the case where the leader spacecraft is in an elliptical orbit. Next, a Lyapunov-based, nonlinear, output feedback control law is designed which guarantees global uniform ultimate boundedness of the position and velocity tracking errors in the presence of unknown, spacecraft masses and disturbance force parameters. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the output feedback control design methodology for formation maintenance in ideal, naturally attractive orbits.
Feedback Stabilization of a 1-D Linear Reaction–Diffusion Equation With Delay Boundary Control

The goal of this paper is to design a stabilizing feedback boundary control for a reaction–diffusion partial differential equation (PDE), where the boundary control is subject to a constant delay while the equation may be unstable without any control. For this system, which is equivalent to a parabolic equation coupled with a transport equation, a prediction-based control is explicitly computed by splitting the infinite-dimensional system into two parts: a finite-dimensional unstable part and a stable infinite-dimensional part. A finite-dimensional delayed controller is computed for the unstable part, and it is shown that this controller stabilizes the whole PDE. The proof is based on an explicit expression of the classical Artstein transformation combined with an adequately designed Lyapunov function. A numerical simulation illustrates the constructive feedback design method.
The Reliability of Crowdsource Grading in a Creative Marketing Project Context

Purpose of the Study: In this paper, the authors show how crowdsourcing and social media can be utilized in the creation and grading of creative student assignments without compromising academic rigor or integrity. Method/Design and Sample: The study was conducted in three distinct steps. First, a group of students was asked to volunteer to make a creative video (n=14) describing the Millennial generation’s characteristics to an audience of Baby Boomers using a social media platform. A second group of students (n=60) was asked to review the videos and evaluate each video for content and creativity. Finally, a group of four marketing educators was asked to rate the videos on both content and creativity. Inter Raters Agreement coefficients were used to test the Hypotheses. Results: Contrary to current research (Sadler & Good, 2006), students’ rating of the video projects on the basis of content was not more stringent than educators’ ratings (t,20=1.08, p=.29). Students agreed with educators in both rating (IRA = .89) and ordinal ranking (z= -.27, p=.79) of the video projects on the basis of creativity. Value to Marketing Educators: Educators can rely on crowdsourcing mechanisms to help them grade creative assignments, saving time while getting students more involved with the feedback process.
The first report of a Salmonella enterica serovar Havana phage and its lytic activity at storage temperature of processed chicken

Salmonella enterica serovar Havana was isolated from raw, unprocessed chickens. A bacteriophage, designated as Bacteriophage A3CE, capable of lysing S. Havana was isolated from soil. It possesses an icosahedral head, a contractile tail, and linear, double-stranded DNA genome classified under the Family Myoviridae. There was a >90% reduction in the number of host, given that the ratio of phage A3CE to S. Havana was 10 or more (MOI>10), 6 h after the bacteriophage was introduced to the host at room temperature. Phage A3CE and its host were mixed and incubated at both room temperature and 4°C (same concentration for both temperatures). Results show that there is no significant difference between the activity of the isolated phage at room temperature and at 4°C (p>0.05). Thus, Phage A3CE was effective in reducing the number of S. Havana at both temperature conditions making it a promising alternative agent against the said bacterium. This was the first study to document S. Havana phages and was the first recorded Salmonella phage in the Philippines.
Sustratos orgánicos en la germinación y crecimiento de Pinus ayacahuite var. veitchii (Roezl) Shaw en vivero

In the Region Mountain of Guerrero, access to commercial substrates is limited and expensive, so it is pertinent to generate alternatives in the production of seedlings with local materials that complement the forest soil. The present study evaluates the effect of three organic components —forest soil (fs), vermicompost (vc) and compost (cp)— on the nursery germination and growth of Pinus ayacahuite var. veitchii, in the locality known as Plan de Guadalupe, Tlacoapa, Guerrero. The seeds were sown in expanded polystyrene trays of 77 cavities, distributed on tables of racks under a fully random design with four treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and a control (CT) with four repetitions. The evaluated variables were: germination percentage (%), germination in time (days), basal diameter of the stem (mm) and height of the plants (cm). The results of the variance analysis were statistically significant (p <0.05) for all the variables analyzed. To obtain the highest germination of P. ayacahuite, the use T1 (50 % fs + 50 % vc) is recommended; however, the maximum growth in diameter, height and slenderness index is attained by using the substrate composed of 50 % fs + 20 % vc + 30 % cp (T4). In conclusion, it is advisable to use different plants at each stage of nursery plant production, so as to ensure a high germination, but also good growth resulting in high quality plants for establishment in the field.
Effects of Maalox Plus® Antacid and PureCal® Calcium Supplement on Physical Characteristics, Body Weight, Tissue Minerals and Histopathology of Rats Subjected to Alcohol Intoxication

Overconsumption of alcohol is associated with morbidity including depletion of the body’s stores of magnesium and calcium. Conversely therapy with magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in the event of chronic alcoholism normalizes elevated enzyme activities. Similar information on acute alcohol intoxication is missing. This study examined the effects of Maalox plus® antacid and pureCal® calcium supplement which are rich in Mg and Ca, respectively, on the body weight, tissue magnesium and calcium together with histopathology of rats exposed to acute alcohol intoxication. Alcohol was administered orally at a dosage 5 g/kg body weight for five days and supplements for two days of the week for duration of 28 days. The animals were weighed weekly and tissues obtained at the end of the treatment regimen. Statistical comparison was done using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Alcohol ingestion leads to hypomagnesemia a condition that was reversed by both drugs. Liver histology showed that alcohol caused cellular infiltration and cytoplasmic vacuolization. For kidney there was cellular infiltration and widening of tubules. Visible improvement of the liver histology architecture was discernible in rats cotreated with Ca and Mg. These results showed that alcohol altered tissue architecture and the renal cation exchange mechanism as shown by the variation in serum Ca2 and K levels. Maalox plus® and pureCal® alleviated the alcohol induced adverse effects. These findings allude to these drugs being useful agents with potential applications in the management of adverse effects associated with acute alcohol intoxication.
Ethnicization and Identity Construction in Malaysia

1. Introduction: configurations of ethnicization in Malaysia - Current state of research - Structure 2. Reconceptualizing ethnicized identities - Race and ethnicity - Concrete issues: the role of language and religion - Ethnic identity construction and ethnicization - Beyond ethnicity 3. History of ethnicization in Malaysia - Ethnicized identities in Malaysia - The colonial system - After independence - Transethnic cooperation in history - Historical reframings and erasures 4. Manifestations of ethnicization - The ethnicized political and party system - Malaysia's ethnicized political economy 5. Implementations of ethnicization - Ethnicization through language and religious policies - Defining discourses and identities 6. Impacts of ethnicization - "Us" versus "Them": othering against migrant populations - Malaysia's universities: transethnic cooperation despite ethnic quotas? - Social activism between ethnicization and transethnic cooperation 7. Conclusion
A Gas Ion Source for Radiocarbon Measurements at 200 kV

The novel tabletop miniaturized radiocarbon dating system (MICADAS) at ETH Zurich features a hybrid Cs sputter negative ion source for the measurement of solid graphite and gaseous CO2 samples. The source produces stable currents of up to 6 μA C− out of gaseous samples with an efficiency of 3–6%. A gas feeding system has been set up that enables constant dosing of CO2 into the Cs sputter ion source and ensures stable measuring conditions. The system is based on a syringe in which CO2 gas is mixed with He and then pressed continuously into the ion source at a constant flow rate. Minimized volumes allow feeding samples of 3–30 μg carbon quantitatively into the ion source. In order to test the performance of the system, several standards and blanks have successfully been measured. The ratios of 14C/12C could be repeated within statistical errors to better than 1.0% and the 13C/12C ratios to better than 0.2%. The blank was <1 pMC.
Effect of dietary water content on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) growth and disease resistance

The effect of dietary water content on Dicentrarchus labrax growth parameters and resistance to Vibrio anguillarum infection was investigated using commercial pellets with identical energy contents and different moisture levels. The first experiment hypothesis was that moisturizing pelleted ration can have an impact on Dicentrarchus labrax growth performance by the osmoregulation energy cost reduction. In a second time, the experiment explores the effect of water addition in pellets on the fish resistance to a disease. A specific device was built to uniformly moisturize dry pellets to different moisture levels, i.e. 8%, 20%, 40% and 60%. After an acclimation period and a 54-day rearing period, the control fish had grown from 72.7 ± 17.9 g to 133.3 ± 29.4 g. No significant differences were recorded for fish growth parameters. After the growth period, the tagged fish were mixed and challenged by bath exposure to live Vibrio anguillarum in triplicate. After 7 days, mortality was significantly lower in the group of fish fed with pellets containing 60% water. Adding water to Dicentrarchus labrax feed did not affect fish growth parameters but increase its resistance to a Vibrio anguillarum infection. The moisturizing process could be used to add specific compounds (such as probiotics or vitamins) to pellets just before fish feeding and could have a positive effect on fish rearing.
Nanodomain faceting in ferroelectrics

We show that after long times (24 h), individual circular domains in 50 nm thick [001] epitaxial films of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) develop facets due to the crystalline anisotropy, e.g. along [100] directions. This appears to be a creep process (Tybell et al 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 097601; Paruch et al 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 051608) and was first seen in a nanoarray of 180° domains (Ganpule et al 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 014101). The effect is independent of polarity and thus rules out any electronic dependence on different work functions for top and bottom electrodes. The phenomenon is interpreted instead as a mechanical relaxation due to highly inhomogeneous stress distributions on the nanodisks, assumed to have stress-free edges.
Pose Encoding for Robust Skeleton-Based Action Recognition

Some of the main challenges in skeleton-based action recognition systems are redundant and noisy pose transformations. Earlier works in skeleton-based action recognition explored different approaches for filtering linear noise transformations, but neglect to address potential nonlinear transformations. In this paper, we present an unsupervised learning approach for estimating nonlinear noise transformations in pose estimates. Our approach starts by decoupling linear and nonlinear noise transformations. While the linear transformations are modelled explicitly the nonlinear transformations are learned from data. Subsequently, we use an autoencoder with L2-norm reconstruction error and show that it indeed does capture nonlinear noise transformations, and recover a denoised pose estimate which in turn improves performance significantly. We validate our approach on a publicly available dataset, NW-UCLA.
With Parkinson ' s Disease Etiology and Management of Spinal Deformity in Patients

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly develop severe spinal deformity, including scoliosis, antecollis, camptocormia, and Pisa syndrome. The etiology of PD-associated spinal deformity is not completely understood and in most cases is likely due to multiple interrelated factors, including central dystonia and focal myopathy. Once spinal deformity has occurred, surgery is often the only modality that can correct the condition, although control of the movement disorder through medication and deep brain stimulation may slow progression. Advances in spinal instrumentation and deformity correction techniques have improved the outcomes of PD spinal deformity patients, though complications and revision surgery rates remain high. Surgical intervention is reserved for individuals who are physiologically healthy and whose condition is refractory to nonoperative management and follows similar treatment principles as other causes of neuromuscular scoliosis/kyphosis. Spinal deformity patients with PD are optimally treated by spinal deformity surgeons who are familiar with the unique needs of PD patients, with vigilant preoperative and postoperative treatment of their movement disorder and bone density.
Energy conversion : A study on rainfall ’ s gravitational force for urban area power generation

Electric power harvesting from thermal energy using thermoelectric (TE) has been getting popular as a potential electrical energy source to replace batteries due to its direct current output. The focus of this paper is on the investigation of low level thermal energy below 150 C that generated from electronic devices and mechanical machinery, and using TE’s to convert the heat energy, which normally treated as wasted energy into a useful amount of electrical power to power up portable low power electronic devices. For this study, the TE module is subjected to a range of heat source using heating element that resemble the real temperature that generated from the real electronic devices and mechanical machinery. The quantity of harvested electrical power was reported. From the experimental results it can be observe that the voltage output is linearity proportion to the applied heat gradient on the TE faces. At a temperature gradient of 60 C, a voltage output of 4 V is measured. The voltage output can be increased by stacking the TE on top of each other, from 0.067V/C for 1 TE to 0.093V/C for 4 TE.
QUANTIFYING A POSSIBLE MIOCENE PHYLETIC CHANGE IN HEMIPRISTIS ( CHONDRICHTHYES ) TEETH

Using a new MATLAB-based measuring tool, teeth of the fossil shark Hemipristis serra from active mining sites were analyzed for changes in size and extent of serrations. Teeth were taken from disturbed sediments of the Late Oligocene – Pliocene Belgrade, Pungo River, and Yorktown Formations at two mining sites in eastern North Carolina. Four populations (approximate ages: 4.5 Ma, 15.2 Ma, 17.35 Ma, and 23.8 Ma) were analyzed and seem to differ in average size and proportion of serrated edge. Linear regression yields two plausible models for the relationship between the population age, the length of tooth edge, and the ratio of the unserrated portion to total edge length. While individual teeth vary, the average tooth length decreases with geologic age of the population. The ratio (unserrated tip length) / (total edge length) is length dependent (larger teeth have a smaller ratio on average), but is also age dependent (older populations generally have a larger ratio). To argue the soundness of these models, teeth from a chronostratigraphically better constrained Miocene deposit were also analyzed and compared to the quarry derived sample populations. Richard E. Chandler. Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8205. chandler@math.ncsu. edu Karen E. Chiswell. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8203. kechiswe@unity.ncsu. edu Gary D. Faulkner. Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8205. gdf@math.ncsu. edu
The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs – a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Abstract. Occurrences of suspected sauropod geo-gastroliths and "exoliths" (exotic clasts) are compared with authentic finds of stomach stones in the sauropods Diplodocus, Cedarosaurus, and Camarasaurus. Sedimentological and taphonomical evidence from classic sauropod dinosaur localities in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation (Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Carnegie Quarry/Dinosaur National Monument, Howe Quarry, Como Bluff, and Bone Cabin Quarry) reveals very few sauropod finds with unambiguous gastroliths. The scarcity of clasts in the fine-grained sediments of most of the localities suggests that only a small number of sauropods possessed gastroliths. The occurrence of a hypothetical avian-style gastric mill in sauropods is not supported by taphonomical evidence. Exoliths that are abundant in the Early Cretaceous of the western USA are nearly absent in Late Jurassic sediments. Without an association with fossil bone, there is no convincing evidence that such clasts represent former gastroliths. It is more plausible that most exoliths have been transported in hyperclastic flows or that surface-collected stones are weathering relicts of former conglomerate layers.