Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PARASITES OF THE COYOTE (Canis latrans) IN CENTRAL UTAH 1

Seventeen coyotes, Canis latrans, from central Utah were surveyed for parasites. Five species of parasites not reported previously from coyotes in Utah were detected: Filaroides osleri, Physaloptera sp. , Spirocerca sp. , Ancylostoma caninum, and Cediopsylla simplex. In all, 11 genera of parasites were observed.
Humanin Binds and Nullifies Bid Activity by Blocking Its Activation of Bax and Bak*

Recently, we discovered that Humanin (HN), a small endogenous peptide of 24 amino acids, binds to and inhibits the proapoptotic protein Bax. We show here that HN also interacts with the BH3-only Bcl-2/Bax family protein, Bid, as well as a truncated form of Bid (tBid) associated with protease-mediated activation of this proapoptotic protein. Synthetic HN peptide binds purified Bid and tBid in vitro and blocks tBid-induced release of cytochrome c and SMAC from isolated mitochondria, whereas mutant peptides that fail to bind Bid or tBid lack this activity. Moreover, HN peptide also retained protective activity on bax–/–mitochondria, indicating that HN can block tBid-induced release of apoptogenic proteins from these organelles in a Bax-independent manner. HN peptide inhibits tBid-induced oligomerization of Bax and Bak in mitochondrial membranes, as shown by experiments with chemical cross-linkers or gel filtration. Gene transfection experiments showed that HN (but not an inactive mutant of HN) also protects intact cells from apoptosis induced by overexpression of tBid. We conclude that Bid represents an additional cellular target of HN, and we propose that HN-mediated suppression of Bid contributes to the antiapoptotic activity of this endogenous peptide.
Poly(A) Nuclease Interacts with the C-terminal Domain of Polyadenylate-binding Protein Domain from Poly(A)-binding Protein*

The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is an essential protein found in all eukaryotes and is involved in an extensive range of cellular functions, including translation, mRNA metabolism, and mRNA export. Its C-terminal region contains a peptide-interacting PABC domain that recruits proteins containing a highly specific PAM-2 sequence motif to the messenger ribonucleoprotein complex. In humans, these proteins, including Paip1, Paip2, eRF3 (eukaryotic release factor 3), Ataxin-2, and Tob2, are all found to regulate translation through varying mechanisms. The following reports poly(A) nuclease (PAN) as a PABC-interacting partner in both yeast and humans. Their interaction is mediated by a PAM-2 motif identified within the PAN3 subunit. This site was identified in various fungal and animal species suggesting that the interaction is conserved throughout evolution. Our results indicate that PABP is directly involved in recruiting a deadenylase to the messenger ribonucleoprotein complex. This demonstrates a novel role for the PABC domain in mRNA metabolic processes and gives further insight into the function of PABP in mRNA maturation, export, and turnover.
Malagasy Swidden Agriculture: The Influence of Conservation Organizations on Indigenous Knowledge

This research evaluates the influence of conservation organizations on the cultural model of tavy (swidden agriculture) in eastern Madagascar. It compares communities in protected and unprotected areas of eastern Madagascar, whose members have been influenced to varying degrees by the introduction of non-indigenous conservation practices. The analysis makes use of schema theory and cultural models to present the various stages of tavy agriculture. Principal components analysis and ANOVA are used to test following hypothesis: As knowledge of non-indigenous conservation practices increases, knowledge of tavy decreases. The implications for the hypothesis being accepted are then discussed.
Fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool for determining microbial quality in potable water applications

Building on previous work where fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to detect sewage in rivers, a portable LED spectrophotometer was used for the first time to establish bacterial numbers in a range of water samples. A mixed-method approach was used with standard bacteria enumeration techniques on diluted river water and sewage works final effluent using a number of diluents (Ringer's solution, tap water and potable spring water). Fluorescence from uncultured dilutions was detected at a 280 nm excitation/360 nm emission wavelength (corresponding to the region of tryptophan and indole fluorescence) and compared with bacteria numbers on the same cultured sample. Good correlations were obtained for total coliforms, E. coli and heterotrophic bacteria with the portable LED spectrophotometer (R 2=0.78, 0.72 and 0.81 respectively). The results indicate that the portable spectrophotometer could be applied to establish the quality of drinking water in areas of poor sanitation that are subject to faecal contamination, where infrastructure failure has occurred in the supply of clean drinking water. This would be particularly useful where laboratory facilities are not at hand.
Inventing Use for a Novel Mobile Service

Multimedia rich mobile broadband services are expected to be used widely in the near future. To become commercially successful, meaningful uses for them need to be invented. We approached the takeup of such novel mobile services from the perspective of user innovations. Mobile phones with video capability were handed out to test users in order to discover what kinds of meaningful contexts they might find for watching streaming mobile video. There were two different contexts in which users considered it natural to view mobile video. First, they were able to alleviate boring situations by entertaining themselves. Second, mobile video made it possible to share experiences with other people. Although streaming video service provides little room for user innovations, users came up with two distinctly different contexts of use. This implies that early user feedback in the innovation and commercialization processes likely will promote the development of successful next-generation mobile services.
A case of cow's milk allergy in the neonatal period‐evidence for intrauterine sensitization?

Clinical manifestations of cow's milk allergy rarely occur in the first days after birth. We report on a newborn presenting with hemorrhagic mecon‐ium in the first hour of life followed by bloody diarrhea in the next few days. At day 14, an elevaled total IgE, specific IgE to cow's milk and an eosinophilia in peripheral blood were found. Symptoms disappeared when the milk feed was changed to an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula. Two challenges with cow's milk formula (on day 30 and at 7 months of age) were followed by recurrence of vomiting, watery diarrhea and failure to thrive. At the age of 17 months cow's milk was tolerated well. Although other pathogenetic mechanisms cannot completely be ruled out, there is strong evidence that cow's milk allergy— induced by intrauterine sensiti‐zation—explains the symptoms in our patient. In conclusion, cow's milk allergy can occur even in the first days of life, and our clinical observation supports the concept of intra‐uterine sensitization to allergens.
A Study of 24 Patients with Colistin-Resistant Gram-negative Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Background: As the use of colistin to treat carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections increases, colistin resistance is being increasingly reported in Indian hospitals. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review of clinical data from patients with colistin-resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration >2 mcg/ml). Clinical profile, outcome, and antibiotics that were used for treatment were analyzed. Results: Twenty-four colistin-resistant isolates were reported over 18 months (January 2014-June 2015). A history of previous hospitalization within 3 months was present in all the patients. An invasive device was used in 22 (91.67%) patients. Urine was the most common source of the isolate, followed by blood and respiratory samples. Klebsiella pneumoniae constituted 87.5% of all isolates. Sixteen (66.6%) were considered to have true infection, whereas eight (33.3%) were considered to represent colonization. Susceptibility of these isolates to other drugs tested was tigecycline in 75%, chloramphenicol 62.5%, amikacin 29.17%, co-trimoxazole 12.5%, and fosfomycin (sensitive in all 4 isolates tested). Antibiotics that were used for treatment were combinations among the following antimicrobials-tigecycline, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and sulbactam. Among eight patients who were considered to have colonization, there were no deaths. Bacteremic patients had a significantly higher risk of death compared to all nonbacteremic patients (P = 0.014). Conclusions: Colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria, especially K. pneumoniae, is emerging in Indian hospitals. At least one-third of isolates represented colonization only rather than true infection and did not require treatment. Among patients with true infection, only 25% had a satisfactory outcome and survived to discharge. Fosfomycin, tigecycline, and chloramphenicol may be options for combination therapy.
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on nucleic acid and protein content of Heterocapsa sp.

Changes in the protein, RNA and DNA content related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) starvation were studied in the marine dinoflagellate Heterocapsa sp. grown in batch cultures. In both cases of nutrient starvation, metabolic adaptations affected protein and RNA pools, while the DNA content per cell remained approximately constant. N starvation led to a parallel de crease in protein and RNA concentration which caused the protein/RNA ratios to remain constant. A dramatic decrease in the RNA content characterized the P-starved cultures, although protein synthesis continued. The ribosomal RNA content was lower than expected given the continuation of protein synthesis. It is suggested that protein/RNA ratios could be used as an indicator of P starvation, while protein/chlorophyll ratios would characterize N starvation.
Autonomous Precision Landing and Hazard Detection and Avoidance Technology (ALHAT)

As NASA plans to send humans back to the Moon and develop a lunar outpost, technologies must be developed to place humans and cargo safely, precisely, repeatedly, on the lunar surface with the capability to avoid surface hazards. Exploration Space Architecture Study requirements include the need for global lunar surface access with safe, precise landing without lighting constraints on terrain that may have landing hazards for human scale landing vehicles. Landing accuracies of perhaps 100's of meters for sortie crew missions to 10's of meters for Outpost class missions are required. The Autonomous precision Landing Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project will develop the new and unique descent and landing Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) hardware and software technologies necessary for these capabilities. The ALHAT project will qualify a lunar descent and landing GNC system to a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6 capable of supporting lunar crewed, cargo, and robotic missions. The (ALHAT) development project was chartered by NASA Headquarters in October 2005. This paper describes the project development, research, analysis and concept evolution that has occurred since the assignment of the project. This includes the areas of systems engineering, GNC, sensors, sensor algorithms, simulations, fielding testing, laboratory testing, Hardware-In-The-Loop testing, system avionics and system certification concepts. This paper provides a high level overview of the background, the program management plan, and the current status of the ALHAT project.
Absolutely no hope? Some ambiguity of futility of care in devastating acute stroke*

Objective:Devastating stroke can produce irreversible brain damage of massive proportions. In those patients, continuation of aggressive medical or surgical care may be futile and may unnecessarily prolong the suffering of families. Therefore, it is essential for clinicians to be aware of key clinical and radiologic features predictive of poor outcome. There has not been a critical review of the data used to make decisions of withdrawal of care in patients with severe strokes. Data Source:Literature review. Data Synthesis:Although in many instances the studies that validate these prognosticators represent class III or class IV evidence, there are several clinico-radiologic profiles that have consistently been predictive of mortality or dependency after cerebrovascular catastrophes. Conclusions:Inconclusiveness remains in the determination of futility of care after major stroke. However, predictors of dismal outcome after several types of stroke have been identified and are relevant information in regard to withdrawal of care.
Emerging issues in peripheral nerve repair

It is today widely acknowledged that nerve repair is now more than a matter of perfect microsurgical reconstruction only and that, to further improve clinical outcome, the involvement of different scientific disciplines is required. This evolving reconstructive/regenerative approach is based on the interdisciplinary and integrated pillars of tissue engineering such as reconstructive microsurgery, transplantation and biomaterials. In this paper, some of the most promising innovations for the tissue engineering of nerves, emerging from basic science investigation, are critically overviewed with special focus on those approaches that appear today to be more suitable for clinical translation.
Analysis of the Antecedents of Customer Loyalty of Telecommunication Industry in Ghana: The Case of Vodafone (Ghana)

The study investigated the determinants of customer loyalty in Vodafone (Ghana). The main variables of concern were service quality, customer satisfaction and image, even though other factors were also considered. The study adapted the SERVQUAL model as the main framework for analyzing service quality. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction, image and customer loyalty. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. However, the results show a negative relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results of the findings suggest that Telecom management needs to emphasise service quality. Due to the fact that telecom firms do not provide tangible products, their service quality is usually assessed by measures of the service provider’s relationship with customers. Thus, telecom service management should pay attention to staff skill possession and offering fast and efficient services.
Hypoxia-Dependent Inhibition of Tumor Cell Susceptibility to CTL-Mediated Lysis Involves NANOG Induction in Target Cells

Hypoxia is a major feature of the solid tumor microenvironment and is known to be associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome. Recently, we reported that hypoxia protects human non-small cell lung tumor cells from specific lysis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and inducing STAT3 phosphorylation. In this study, we show that NANOG, a transcription factor associated with stem cell self renewal, is a new mediator of hypoxia-induced resistance to specific lysis. Our data indicate that under hypoxic conditions, NANOG is induced at both transcriptional and translational levels. Knockdown of the NANOG gene in hypoxic tumor cells is able to significantly attenuate hypoxia-induced tumor resistance to CTL-dependent killing. Such knockdown correlates with an increase of target cell death and an inhibition of hypoxia-induced delay of DNA replication in these cells. Interestingly, NANOG depletion results in inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that hypoxia-induced NANOG plays a critical role in tumor cell response to hypoxia and promotes tumor cell resistance to Ag-specific lysis.
Influence of apoA-I and apoE on the formation of serum amyloid A-containing lipoproteins in vivo and in vitro Published, JLR Papers in Press, November 1, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300414-JLR200

Serum amyloid A (SAA) circulates bound to HDL3 during the acute-phase response (APR), and recent evidence suggests that elevated levels of SAA may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In this study, SAA-HDL was produced in vivo during the APR and without the APR by injection of an adenoviral vector expressing human SAA-1. SAA-HDL was also produced in vitro by incubating mouse HDL with recombinant mouse SAA and by SAA-expressing cultured hepatoma cells. Whether produced in vivo or in vitro, SAA-HDL floated at a density corresponding to that of human HDL3 (d 1.12 g/ml) separate from other apolipoproteins, including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I; d 1.10 g/ml) when either apoA-I or apolipoprotein E (apoE) was present. In the absence of both apoA-I and apoE, SAA was found in VLDL and LDL, with low levels in the HDL and the lipid-poor fractions suggesting that other HDL apolipoproteins are incapable of facilitating the formation of SAA-HDL. We conclude that SAA does not exist in plasma as a lipid-free protein. In the presence of HDL-associated apoA-I or apoE, SAA circulates as SAA-HDL with a density corresponding to that of human HDL3. In the absence of both apoA-I and apoE, SAA-HDL is not formed and SAA associates with any available lipoprotein.
A novel autoimmune pancreatitis model in MRL mice treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid

In this study we established a new animal model for exploring the pathogenesis of autoimmune pancreatitis. We have found previously that MRL/Mp‐+/+(MRL/+) mice develop pancreatitis spontaneously by an autoimmune mechanism but only when they are more than 34 weeks old. Because this disease might be a model of multi‐factorial diseases controlled by genetic and environmental factors, beginning at 6 weeks old, we injected polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) into MRL/+ mice and in addtion, into MRL/Mp mice bearing the Fas deletion mutant gene, lpr (MRL/lpr). Poly I:C induced chronic severe pancreatitis in all the MRL/+ mice and to a lesser extent in the MRL/lpr mice by 18 weeks of age. There was no pancreatitis in control mice of both strains at the same age. Other than chronic pancreatitis, no severe autoimmune diseases were observed in MRL/+ mice. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed predominant infiltration of CD4+ T cells and Mac‐2+ activated macrophages in the pancreatic lesions. Splenic expression of the mRNAs for TNF‐α and IL‐10, which is known to suppress the development of pancreatitis, were increased in both strains of mice. These findings suggest that an MRL strain of mice treated with poly I:C might be a good model for developing new approaches to the study of the pathogenesis of autoimmune pancreatitis.
Outcome following coronal fractures of the hamate

This is a case series of 14 hamate body fractures, in the coronal plane, with 12 patients having an associated metacarpal injury. Treatment was either conservative or operative and was decided according to the degree of fracture displacement and presence of carpometacarpal subluxation. Patient follow-up was 14.8 months on average, using DASH scores and postoperative radiographs to determine functional and anatomical outcomes. Undisplaced fractures were treated in a cast with good outcome. Postoperative radiographs of patients treated with Kirschner wires for displaced fractures showed incomplete reduction and the outcomes were less favourable. Rigid internal fixation gave excellent radiographic results, although these did not correlate with functional outcome in all patients.
Adrenocortical carcinoma is characterized by a high frequency of chromosomal gains and high‐level amplifications

Distinction of adrenocortical carcinoma from benign adrenocortical lesions by standard criteria is often difficult. In order to search for additional diagnostic parameters, a series of 25 adrenocortical tumors, 8 adenomas, 14 primary carcinomas, 1 metastasis, and the 2 adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines SW13 and NCI‐H295 were analyzed by the approach of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Except for the two smallest adenomas, all tumors showed chromosomal imbalances with a high incidence of chromosomal gains, most frequently involving chromosomes or chromosome arms 5, 7, 8, 9q, 11q, 12q, 14q, 16, 17q, 19, 20, and 22q. The only significant loss of material concerned the distal part of 9p. Furthermore, 21 high‐level amplifications were identified in 15 different regions of the genome. The consensus regions of recurrent gains and the focal high‐level amplifications allowed identification of a series of chromosomal subregions containing candidate proto‐oncogenes of potential pathogenic function in adrenocortical tumors: 1p34.3–pter, 1q22–q25, 3p24–pter, 3q29, 7p11.2–p14, 9q34, 11q12–11q13, 12q13, 12q24.3, 13q34, 14q11.2–q12, 14q32, 16p, 17q24–q25, 19p13.3, 19q13.4, and 22q11.2–q12. A subset of the CGH data was independently confirmed by interphase cytogenetics. Interestingly, the adenomas larger than 4 cm contained gained material of regions also overrepresented in carcinomas. In addition, several chromosomal gains, in particular the high‐level amplifications, were exclusive for the malignant status of the tumors. These data indicate that the larger adrenal lesions need to be carefully considered in the diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors, and that genetic aberrations might provide useful markers for a better diagnostic differentiation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:145–152, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical mistrust is related to lower longitudinal medication adherence among African-American males with HIV

African-Americans living with HIV show worse health behaviors (e.g. medication adherence) and outcomes (e.g. viral suppression) than do their White counterparts. In a 6-month longitudinal study, we investigated whether medical mistrust among African-American males with HIV (214 enrolled, 140 with longitudinal data) predicted lower electronically monitored antiretroviral medication adherence. General medical mistrust (e.g. suspicion toward providers), but not racism-related mistrust (e.g. belief that providers treat African-Americans poorly due to race), predicted lower continuous medication adherence over time (b = −.08, standard error = .04, p = .03). Medical mistrust may contribute to poor health outcomes. Intervention efforts that address mistrust may improve adherence among African-Americans with HIV.
Dynamic Analog Characteristics of 10^9 Cycle-Endurance Low-Voltage Nonvolatile Ferroelectric-Gate Memory Transistors

Precise Vg-pulse response of low-voltage FeFETs were systematically investigated for the first time. The FeFETs showed good reproducibility of the Vth values controlled by voltage height, time width, and number of the imposed Vg pulses. Parameter extractions of the static and dynamic ferroelectric characteristics are valuable for modeling the FeFETs and simulating the analog circuits. 10^9 cycle endurance at room temperature and long retention at 85, 120 and 150 &#186;C were demonstrated using 3.9 V and 10 &#956;s Vg pulses for the erase and the program.