Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Caspian Sea and its catchment area using a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM4-ROMS): model design and preliminary results

Abstract. We describe the development of a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean model (RegCM4-ROMS) and its implementation over the Caspian Sea basin. The coupled model is run for the period 1999–2008 (after a spin up of 4 yr) and it is compared to corresponding stand alone model simulations and a simulation in which a distributed 1d lake model is run for the Caspian Sea. All model versions show a good performance in reproducing the climatology of the Caspian Sea basin, with relatively minor differences across them. The coupled ROMS produces realistic, although somewhat overestimated, Caspian Sea Surface Temperature (SST), with a considerable improvement compared to the use of the simpler coupled lake model. Simulated near surface salinity and sea currents are also realistic, although the upwelling over the eastern coastal regions is underestimated. The sea ice extent over the shallow northern shelf of the Caspian Sea and its seasonal evolution are well reproduced, however, a significant negative bias in sea-ice fraction exists due to the relatively poor representation of the bathymetry. ROMS also calculates the Caspian Sea Level (CSL), showing that for the present experiment excessive evaporation over the lake area leads to a drift in estimated CSL. Despite this problem, which requires further analysis due to many uncertainties in the estimation of CSL, overall the coupled RegCM4-ROMS system shows encouraging results in reproducing both the climatology of the region and the basic characteristics of the Caspian Sea.
Approximation schemes for countably-infinite linear programs with moment bounds

We introduce approximation schemes for a type of countably-infinite-dimensional linear programs (CILPs) whose feasible points are unsigned measures and whose optimal values are bounds on the averages of these measures. In particular, we explain how to approximate the program's optimal value, optimal points, and minimal point (should one exist) by solving finite-dimensional linear programs. We show that the approximations converge to the CILP's optimal value, optimal points, and minimal point as the size of the finite-dimensional program approaches that of the CILP. Inbuilt in our schemes is a degree of error control: they yield lower and upper bounds on the optimal values and we give a simple bound on the approximation error of the minimal point. To motivate our work, we discuss applications of our schemes taken from the Markov chain literature: stationary distributions, occupation measures, and exit distributions.
Cost and Return Analysis of Cassava Flour ( Lafun ) Production Among the Women of Osun State, Nigeria

Recent hike in food prices in Nigeria has led to increased food insecurity among rural and urban dwellers. Rural households who are majorly farmers are faced with low income generation from farm produce. This study examined the economic analysis of cassava flour production among women in Boripe Local Government Area of Osun state. Primary data were collected through a well structured questionnaire supplemented with oral interview and a multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 146 respondents. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, gross margin technique to estimate the profitability of cassava flour production. Ordinary least square regression model was used to analyze determinants of total revenue generated from cassava flour production enterprise. Results obtained showed that almost all cassava processors have low educational status with an average of 10 years of experience in cassava flour processing. Most of the respondents (67.8%) engaged in cassava flour production as their main occupation and all (100%) of them carried out fermentation of cassava tubers between 2-3 days, and sundry it within 3-4 days. The gross margin technique showed that in every one naira (₦) invested on cassava flour production, 35 kobo is gained by each cassava processor. Hence, cassava flour production in the study area is profitable. Age (5%), educational level (5%), involvement in associations (10%) and the cost of cassava tuber (1%) are the key variables influencing the amount of revenue earned from cassava flour production. In conclusion, cassava flour production has the potentials of reducing food insecurity problem in Nigeria due to its profitability and as well contribution to people livelihood sustainability.
Coral disease prevalence in Mandapam group of islands, Gulf of Mannar, Southeastern India.

Assessment of coral disease prevalence was carried out in six islands in the northern region of the Gulf of Mannar during February 2007. Assessment was made in two sites in each island and three transects were laid in each site. white band, white plaque, white spot, pink spot, black spot, black band, yellow spot, yellow band and tumors were the observed common diseases in this regime. Overall coral disease prevalence was 8.9%. Prevalence was highest at Poomarichan Island (10.90%), followed by Manoli (9.38%), Pullivasal (9.28%), Hare (8.64%), Krusadai (8.27%) and Shingle (6.82%). Most common disease was pink spot in Porites sp followed by black band in Porites sp. , Pocillopora sp. , Favia sp. , and Favites sp. Tumors were also observed in low frequencies in Acropora cytheria. Other affected species were Acrpora cytherea, Favia pallida and Goniastrea sp. Present study also consists the frequency of temperature anomalies, which can increase the susceptibility of corals to disease, leading to outbreaks where corals are abundant both in cover and diversity.
Micrometeorological simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles neighborhood

The urban heat island impacts the thermal comfort of pedestrians in cities. In this paper, the effects of four heat mitigation strategies on micrometeorology and the thermal comfort of pedestrians were simulated for a neighborhood in eastern Los Angeles County. The strategies investigated include solar reflective ‘cool roofs’, vegetative ‘green roofs’, solar reflective ‘cool pavements’, and increased street-level trees. A series of micrometeorological simulations for an extreme heat day were carried out assuming widespread adoption of each mitigation strategy. Comparing each simulation to the control simulation assuming current land cover for the neighborhood showed that additional street-trees and cool pavements reduced 1.5 m air temperature, while cool and green roofs mostly provided cooling at heights above pedestrian level. However, cool pavements increased reflected sunlight from the ground to pedestrians at a set of unshaded receptor locations. This reflected radiation intensified the mean radiant temperature and consequently increased physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by 2.2 °C during the day, reducing the thermal comfort of pedestrians. At another set of receptor locations that were on average 5 m from roadways and underneath preexisting tree cover, cool pavements caused significant reductions in surface air temperatures and small changes in mean radiant temperature during the day, leading to decreases in PET of 1.1 °C, and consequent improvements in thermal comfort. For improving thermal comfort of pedestrians during the afternoon in unshaded locations, adding street trees was found to be the most effective strategy. However, afternoon thermal comfort improvements in already shaded locations adjacent to streets were most significant for cool pavements. Green and cool roofs showed the lowest impact on the thermal comfort of pedestrians since they modify the energy balance at roof level, above the height of pedestrians.
Anomalous diffusion in two‐dimensional Euclidean and prefractal geometrical models of heterogeneous porous media

Disordered systems are known to induce anomalous diffusion. This phenomenon may be important for environmental applications such as contaminant transport and nutrient availability. However, few studies have investigated anomalous diffusion in this context. In particular, the relationship between pore space geometry and anomalous diffusion is not well understood. We report on numerical simulations of solute diffusion within the water‐filled pore spaces of two‐dimensional geometrical models of heterogeneous porous media. Euclidean and mass, pore, and pore‐solid prefractal lattices were used to generate random pore networks with varying porosity (ϕ) and lacunarity (L). The objectives were to investigate the effects of ϕ and L on the solute random walk dimension (dw) and to identify which of these models best represents a natural porous medium. Solute diffusion was simulated using a stochastic cellular automaton based on the “myopic ant” algorithm. Estimates of dw ≫ 2 occurred with increasing frequency as ϕ → 0, indicating scale dependency in the standard diffusion coefficient at low porosities. The relationship between dw and ϕ for the mass and pore‐solid prefractal lattices was the closest to that for natural 2‐D systems (i.e., soil thin sections). The presence of large, interconnected pore spaces (L → 1) at low porosities reduced the intensity of anomalous diffusion (dw → 2). A power law relationship based on the product of dw and L explained >96% of the total variation in ϕ regardless of the type of lattice considered. The potential predictive capability of this approach for natural porous media deserves further investigation.
Data Summaries and Representations: Definitions and Practical Use

The chapter “Data Summaries and Representations: Definitions and Practical Use” examines data structures used to deal with complex networked data, using temporal networks as a concrete case. Complex networked data has become available in a variety of contexts, describing a variety of systems with growing abundance of details, such as, for instance, links between individuals in social networks, or the temporal evolution of these links. However, data needs to be summarized and represented in simple forms. This chapter describes several commonly used data summaries and levels of representation of temporal networks, as well as novel data representations that have been developed through the MULTIPLEX project. It focuses in particular on the case of temporal networks of contacts between individuals and shows in a series of concrete use cases how different representations can be used to characterize and compare data, or feed data-driven models of epidemic spreading processes.
Cyberloafing Management in Organizations

Entering into the third millennium and current information age, organizations andpeople are increasingly using technologies and networks. In recent decades,technological progresses have rapidly dominated the world. In this vein, theemergence of the Internet in different aspects of life is considered to be the greatestdevelopment of the 21st century. The Internet, along with technologicaladvancements in the workplace, has created new opportunities for individuals’deviational behaviours. As a result, organizations face serious challenges. Internetemergence in the workplace has created many opportunities for organizations, e.g.,increasing the velocity of communications in the organization. On the other hand,employees can use the internet for personal and non-working purposes. Onlineactivities with personal aims are called cyberloafing/ cyberslacking. Hence,cyberloafing management is highly important. In this paper, we analyse theimportance of this subject, as well as the different aspects of this phenomenon. Todo this, we discuss relevant literature and texts. We also show these aspects in anAntecedents Behaviour Consequences (ABC) model. In this model, personality, jobdemands, role conflict, organizational policies and organizational justice areconsidered as the antecedents. Cyberloafing as behaviour, productivity andexhaustion are the consequences.
Improving the Asset Pricing Ability of the Consumption-Capital Asset Pricing Model?

This paper compares the asset pricing ability of the traditional consumption-based capital asset pricing model to models from two strands of literature attempting to improve on the poor empirical results of the C-CAPM. One strand is based on the intertemporal asset pricing model of Campbell (1993, 1996) and Campbell and Vuolteenaho (2004). The model takes the traditional C-CAPM as its starting point, but substitutes all references to consumption out, as empirical consumption data is assumed to be error ridden. The other strand to be investigated is based on the premise that the C-CAPM is only able to price assets conditionally as suggested by Cochrane (1996) and Lettau and Ludvigson (2001b). The unconditional C-CAPM is rewritten as a scaled factor model using the approximate log consumptionwealth ratio cay, developed by Lettau and Ludvigson (2001a), as scaling variable. The models are estimated on US data and the resulting pricing errors are compared using average pricing errors and a number of composite pricing error measures. The conditional C-CAPM and the two beta I-CAPM of Campbell and Vuolteenaho (2004) result in pricing errors of approximately the same size, both average and composite. Thus, there is no unambiguous solution to the pricing ability problems of the C-CAPM. Models from both the alternative literature strands are found to outperform the traditional C-CAPM on average pricing errors. However, when weighting pricing errors by the full variance-covariance matrix of returns or the moment matrix of returns, the traditional C-CAPM actually outperforms the models from both the two new litterature strands.
DISSOLVING THE ANALOGICAL PARADOX : RETRIEVAL UNDER A PRODUCTION PARADIGM IS HIGHLY CONSTRAINED BY SUPERFICIAL SIMILARITY

Experimental studies on analogical retrieval have shown that interdomain retrieval is less frequent than intradomain retrieval. Using a production paradigm, Blanchette and Dunbar (2000) obtained opposite results. Dunbar (2001) hypothesized that when analogs are encoded in natural settings, retrieval is not constrained by superficial similarity. The study reported here complemented the production paradigm with two additional controls: 1) a survey of naturally encoded sources available in long-term memory, and 2) a measure of analogical retrieval that was less vulnerable to report bias. Comparison between available and retrieved sources demonstrated that retrieval under a production paradigm—just as retrieval under a reception paradigm—is strongly constrained by superficial similarity.
Consumer psychographic surveys as part of the decision-making in customer relationship management in omni-channel retail environments-Case Tokmanni

The theoretical understanding of online shopping behavior and customer relationship management have received much attention among researchers. Less focus has been given to understanding how the information on online shopping behavior combined with customer psychographic attributes can be used when developing online stores as part of the customer relationship management strategy in omni-channel retail environment. This study develops and empirically tests a customer survey, with the aim of to better understand customer needs and behavior in online stores in omni-channel retail environment. The survey data is combined with the purchase data of one Finnish discounter retailer, and four different regression analyses are done to study if the customer psychographic attributes explain the purchase behavior. The results give valuable information as well as relationships between the customer behavior and psychographics. Based on the results the case company can develop its online store to better serve customer needs, thus yielding to better customer-based performance and enhanced omni-channel strategy as part of the customer relationship management.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with childhood trauma, depression, trait anxiety, and somatization: a case-control study

Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with childhood trauma, depression, trait anxiety, and somatization: a case-control study Objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a disease characterized by severe nausea and vomiting; it is the most common cause of hospitalization in the first months of pregnancy. The effects of childhood trauma, anxiety types, and exaggeration of somatic sensations on HG have not been defined. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between HG and factors including depression, anxiety, childhood abuse, and exaggeration of physical sensations. Method: Forty-five pregnant women diagnosed with HG and 45 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Socio-demographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and PregnancyUnique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) scales were administered to the participants in the study. Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups in relation to socio-demographic data except income levels. The income level of the patient group was lower than that of the control group. Compared to the control group, scores for PUQE (p<0.01), BDI (p<0.01), Trait Anxiety Scale (TAI) (p<0.05), SSAS (p<0.05), and CTQ (p<0.001) were found to be significantly higher in the patient group. According to correlation analysis, while a relation was detected between PUQE scale results and CTQ, BDI, SSAS, and TAI results, no relation was found with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Conclusion: In this study, a history of childhood trauma, depression, exaggeration of somatic sensations, and trait anxiety were found to be more common in individuals with HG. In addition, these factors were also found to be associated with the severity of nausea and vomiting.
Perceptions of Risk and the Buffering Hypothesis: The Role of Just World Beliefs and Right-Wing Authoritarianism

Although perceptions of risk have been studied extensively by both social and cognitive psychologists, relatively little work has focused on individual differences in these perceptions. Across two studies, the authors examined the relationship of perceived risk to just world beliefs (BJW) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Both studies showed that these two variables have interactive effects on perceived risk across a wide variety of different types of threats (e.g., getting hijacked, contracting AIDS). Among high authoritarians, participants felt much less at risk if they believed in a just world than if they did not. Among low authoritarians, however, BJW and perceived risk were unrelated. Results are conceptualized in terms of a buffering hypothesis, which suggests that the extent to which self-protective variables (such as BJW) mediate risk are most pronounced among persons who view the world in threatening terms (i.e., high authoritarians). Implication of these findings for previous models of risk and personality development are discussed.
InriaFBK at Germeval 2018: Identifying Offensive Tweets Using Recurrent Neural Networks

In this paper, we describe two systems for predicting message-level offensive language in German tweets: one discriminates between offensive and not offensive messages, and the second performs a fine-grained classification by recognizing also classes of offense. Both systems are based on the same approach, which builds upon Recurrent Neural Networks used with the following features: word embeddings, emoji embeddings and social-network specific features. The model is able to combine word-level information and tweet-level information in order to perform the classification tasks.
Aggression Detection on Social Media Text Using Deep Neural Networks

In the past few years, bully and aggressive posts on social media have grown significantly, causing serious consequences for victims/users of all demographics. Majority of the work in this field has been done for English only. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning based classification system for Facebook posts and comments of Hindi-English Code-Mixed text to detect the aggressive behaviour of/towards users. Our work focuses on text from users majorly in the Indian Subcontinent. The dataset that we used for our models is provided by TRAC-1in their shared task. Our classification model assigns each Facebook post/comment to one of the three predefined categories: “Overtly Aggressive”, “Covertly Aggressive” and “Non-Aggressive”. We experimented with 6 classification models and our CNN model on a 10 K-fold cross-validation gave the best result with the prediction accuracy of 73.2%.
Total valorisation of red cedar (Thuja Plicata) sawmills wastes. Isolation of extractives and production of activated carbon from the solid residue

Experiments were performed to evaluate a recent extraction process called the instantaneous controlled pressure drop process (briefly: DIC process: “Détente Instantanée Contrôlée”) for extracting some volatile compounds from red cedar wood. This process involves subjecting red cedar chips for a short time (30 s to 5 min) under a steam pressure (1 to 6 bars or from 100 to 165 °C). This first step is followed by a flash decompression toward vacuum (up to 50 mbar). This transition induces a fast evaporation of water and volatile compounds and a cooling effect. The effects of two processing parameters (steam pressure and heating time) on the total extraction yield and on yield of four volatile compounds were evaluated by response surface methodology. The results indicated that the processing pressure is the predominant parameter for global extraction yield of oil (E.O= Extracted Oil) and for yield of the four compounds investigated in this study. The processing time is also a significant parameter but less than processing pressure. Moreover, activated carbon produced from DIC-treated residue revealed larger pore sizes compared to untreated samples.
Talking With Your Mouth Full: Gustatory Mmms and the Embodiment of Pleasure

This article examines the expression of gustatory pleasure as an interactional and discursive construction. Psychological studies of food and eating typically focus on the individual consumer, with bodily experiences conceptualized as internal and private events. It is argued that this approach underestimates the role of discourse and the interactional nature of food consumption. The expression of pleasure is examined here as a constructed and evaluative activity, using conversational examples from family and adult group mealtimes. The "gustatory mmm" expression is used as a focus for this analysis. Intonation and sequential features of mmm are seen as essential to the construction of pleasure as an immediate and spontaneous, but descriptively vague experience. The gustatory mmm also expresses a particularly embodied sense of pleasure. This study therefore contributes to research on 3 levels. First, it extends work on eating practices to incorporate the interactional, conversational domain. Second, it engages with the debate surrounding embodiment and discursive psychology, and extends work in the latter domain to more naturalistic materials. Third, it contributes to the growing body of conversation analytic work on mmms and response tokens.