Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential Delivery of Synaptic GluA1- and GluA4-containing AMPA Receptors (AMPARs) by SAP97 Anchored Protein Complexes in Classical Conditioning*

Background: Subunit-specific synaptic delivery of AMPARs during associative learning is not well characterized. Results: SAP97-AKAP/PKA-GluA1 followed by SAP97-KSR1/PKC-GluA4 complexes function for surface delivery of AMPARs. Conclusion: SAP97 interacts with AKAP and KSR1 proteins to coordinate the sequential synaptic delivery of AMPAR subunits during in vitro classical conditioning. Significance: A cooperative interaction of multiple scaffolding proteins selectively delivers AMPARs to synapses during conditioning. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in AMPAR trafficking to synapses during synaptic plasticity and learning. The mechanisms for how these pathways are coordinated in parallel but maintain their functional specificity involves subcellular compartmentalization of kinase function by scaffolding proteins, but how this is accomplished is not well understood. Here, we focused on characterizing the molecular machinery that functions in the sequential synaptic delivery of GluA1- and GluA4-containing AMPARs using an in vitro model of eyeblink classical conditioning. We show that conditioning induces the interaction of selective protein complexes with the key structural protein SAP97, which tightly regulates the synaptic delivery of GluA1 and GluA4 AMPAR subunits. The results demonstrate that in the early stages of conditioning the initial activation of PKA stimulates the formation of a SAP97-AKAP/PKA-GluA1 protein complex leading to synaptic delivery of GluA1-containing AMPARs through a SAP97-PSD95 interaction. This is followed shortly thereafter by generation of a SAP97-KSR1/PKC-GluA4 complex for GluA4 AMPAR subunit delivery again through a SAP97-PSD95 interaction. These data suggest that SAP97 forms the molecular backbone of a protein scaffold critical for delivery of AMPARs to the PSD during conditioning. Together, the findings reveal a cooperative interaction of multiple scaffolding proteins for appropriately timed delivery of subunit-specific AMPARs to synapses and support a sequential two-stage model of AMPAR synaptic delivery during classical conditioning.
A novel high‐affinity arginine transporter from the human parasitic protozoan Leishmania donovani

We describe the first functional and molecular characterization of an amino acid permease (LdAAP3) from the human parasitic protozoan Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in humans. This permease contains 480 amino acids with 11 predicted trans‐membrane domains. Expressing LdAAP3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants revealed that LdAAP3 codes for a high‐affinity arginine transporter (Km 1.9 µM). LdAAP3 is highly specific for arginine as its transport was not inhibited by other amino acids or arginine‐related compounds. Using green fluorescence protein (GFP) fused to the N‐terminus of LdAAP3, this transporter was localized to the surface membrane of promastigotes. The GFP–LdAAP3 chimera mediated a threefold increase in arginine transport in promastigotes, indicating that it is active and confirmed that LdAAP3 codes for an arginine transporter in parasite cells as well. LdAAP3 is novel as it shares a high level of homology with amino acid permeases from other trypanosomatidae but almost none with permeases from other phyla. The results of this work suggest that LdAAP3 might play a role in host–parasite interaction.
Investigation of Growth Phases for Bottlenose Dolphins using a Bayesian Modeling Approach

The Gompertz function is the most commonly used growth function for cetacean studies. However, this function cannot represent multiple phases of growth. In this study, we present a Bayesian framework fitting parameters of a triple-logistic growth function to describe multiple phases of growth for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), simultaneously fitting and comparing all growth parameters between South Carolina (SC), Mississippi Sound (MSS), and Indian River Lagoon (IRL) cohorts. The fitted functions indicated a preliminary early, rapid growth phase, followed by a second phase of slower growth, and then a moderate growth
Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and flavonoids on LDL submitted to different degrees of oxidation.

UNLABELLED Although a high intake of antioxidants may decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, under certain circumstances they may promote free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. The objectives of the present study were to determine the antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and flavonoids on LDL submitted to different degrees of oxidation. LDL was submitted to oxidation with CuCl2 (2.4 microM). Before or at different times after the propagation of the oxidation process, 28 microM (5 micrograms/ml) of either AA or DHA or 5 micrograms/mL flavonoids extract were added. Alpha-tocopherol, conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and LDL electrophoretic mobility were determined as indices of LDL oxidation. The presence of any of the three antioxidants from the onset of the incubation delayed the oxidation process. However, the addition of both DHA and flavonoids to the oxidation process when it was already initiated and alpha-tocopherol consumed, accelerated the oxidation. In contrast, AA delayed the oxidation process even when added after alpha-tocopherol was consumed. Nevertheless, it also accelerated LDL oxidation when added during the propagation phase of the oxidation process. IN CONCLUSION although AA, DHA and flavonoids delay LDL oxidation when added before the initiation of the process, they accelerate the process if added to minimally oxidized LDL.
Lets Vi: A Collaborative Video Editing Tool Based on Cloud Storage

Video editing is considered as a process of manipulating video and audio data with video editing software. With advances in video editing/device technologies, many useful tools are presented to support effective video editing even for novice users. In this paper, we introduce a new video editing tool named LetsVi which provides systematic collaboration features through the associated group workspaces utilized by the C3ware collaborative middleware. LetsVi supports workspaces over cloud storage with user groups defined by the XMPP messaging service. The video editing functions of LetsVi is presented by extending the Pitivi open source video editing tool with useful collaborative functions.
Age-related changes in T 1 relaxation times across the surface of the cortex

The brain undergoes substantial morphological and neurochemical changes with advancing age. Although gross atrophy is typically apparent in magnetic resonance (MR) scans of older adults, conventional MR is unable to detect more subtle changes in tissue composition. Quantitative MR imaging (qMRI) techniques can be used to estimate MR tissue signal parameters, such as signal relaxation times. Prior studies have used qMRI to detect brain changes below the resolution of conventional MRI in clinical syndromes such as sickle cell disease [1]. Thus, changes in qMRI measures may be useful for detecting more subtle tissue changes, and could be useful in clinical applications, such as the diagnosis of preclinical dementia.
Patient Preferences for Features of Health Care Delivery Systems: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative importance of organizational-, procedural-, and interpersonal-level features of health care delivery systems from the patient perspective. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING We designed four discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to measure patient preferences for 21 health system attributes. Participants were recruited through the online patient portal of a large health system. We analyzed the DCE data using random effects logit models. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS DCEs were performed in which respondents were provided with descriptions of alternative scenarios and asked to indicate which scenario they prefer. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of the three possible health scenarios (current health, new lung cancer diagnosis, or diabetes) and asked to complete 15 choice tasks. Each choice task included an annual out-of-pocket cost attribute. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 3,900 respondents completed the survey. The out-of-pocket cost attribute was considered the most important across the four different DCEs. Following the cost attribute, trust and respect, multidisciplinary care, and shared decision making were judged as most important. The relative importance of out-of-pocket cost was consistently lower in the hypothetical context of a new lung cancer diagnosis compared with diabetes or the patient's current health. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the complexity of patient decision making processes regarding features of health care delivery systems. Our findings suggest the importance of these features may change as a function of an individual's medical conditions.
A Proactive Personalized Mobile News Recommendation System

Recommendation Systems have become an important research area in mobile computing. Although various recommendation systems have been developed to help users to deal with information overload, few systems focus on proactive information recommendation. This paper presents a news recommender system that proactively pushes just-in-time personalized news articles to mobile users based on user’s contextual information as well as news content. User’s information needs are estimated based on Bayesian network technique. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model, which supports both Content-based filtering and Collaborative filtering, is developed to rate the relevance of news articles. The weight of contexts (criteria) is automatically adjusted via individual-based and/or group-based (group decision making) assignment. The experiments show that the system can push relevant news to mobile users.
Vector-based phase classification of initial dips during word listening using near-infrared spectroscopy

This study examined the classification of initial dips during passive listening to single words by analysis of vectors of deoxyHb and oxyHb measurements simultaneously derived from near-infrared spectroscopy. The initial dip response during a single-word 1.5-s task in 13 healthy participants was significant only in the language area, which includes the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and angular gyrus. Event-related vectors of responses to comprehended words moved significantly into phase 4, a dip phase, whereas vectors of responses to unknown words moved into a nondip phase (P<0.05). The same results were reproduced after previously unknown words were learnt by the participants. Among the five dip phases, reflecting variations in transient oxygen metabolic regulation during a task, the frequency of occurrence of hypoxic–ischemic initial dips (decreased oxyHb) was around three times that of the canonical dip (increased deoxyHb and oxyHb). Phase classification of event-related vectors enhances the slight amount of oxygen exchange that occurs in word recognition, which has been difficult to detect because of its small amplitude.
Stress-strain relations in embryonic chick heart.

To the Editor : In the July 2000 issue of the American Journal of Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiology , Tobita and Keller ([6][1]) used experimental data and a theoretical model to compute wall stress in stages 17, 21, and 24 embryonic chick hearts, and they proposed a way to characterize
Somatosensory disinhibition in dystonia

Despite the fact that somatosensory processing is inherently dependent on inhibitory functions, only excitatory aspects of the somatosensory feedback have so far been assessed in dystonic patients. We studied the recovery functions of spinal N13, brainstem P14, parietal N20, P27, and frontal N30 somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) after paired median nerve stimulation in 10 patients with dystonia and in 10 normal subjects. The recovery functions were assessed (conditioning stimulus: S1; test stimulus: S2) at interstimuls intervals (ISIs) of 5, 20, and 40 ms. SEPs evoked by S2 were calculated by subtracting the SEPs of the S1 only response from the SEPs of the response to the paired stimuli (S1 + S2), and their amplitudes were compared with those of the control response (S1) at each ISI considered. This ratio, (S2/S1)*100, investigates changes in the excitability of the somatosensory system. No significant difference was found in SEP amplitudes for single stimulus (S1) between dystonic patients and normal subjects. The (S2/S1)*100 ratio at the ISI of 5 ms did not significantly differ between dystonic patients and normal subjects, but at ISIs of 20 and 40 ms, this ratio was significantly higher in patients than in normals for spinal N13 and cortical N20, P27, N30 SEPs.
Path-based cell flipping optimization for wirelength reduction and routability

Wirelength reduction is always a concern in almost every methodology in physical design optimization. A recent study shows that solving cell flipping optimally can further reduce wirelength without affecting the original placement solution. In practical observation, there are still a lot of placed standard 2-pin logic cells which can be further mirrored to decrease the total routing length. In this work, we provide a path-based optimization methodology that can be applied before detailed routing, and this will help the router to improve the final routing length. This method can also be easily applied in the ECO stage to prevent the wire crossing effects, without impacting the local routability. A number of real industry tape-out cases are experimented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and to get shorter wirelength.
The Role of Insulin Insensitivity and Hepatic Lipase in the Dyslipidaemia of Type 2 Diabetes

Fourteen male patients with Type 2 diabetes were studied to identify relationships between insulin‐mediated glucose disposal, basal and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, fasting lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, and the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. Sensitivity of glucose disposal to exogenous insulin correlated positively with HDL‐cholesterol (r=0.65, p<0.05), HDL2‐cholesterol (r=0.59, p<0.05), and apolipoprotein A1 (r=0.57, p<0.05) and negatively with apolipoprotein B (r=‐0.53, p<0.05) and total: HDL‐cholesterol ratio (r=‐0.68, p<0.01). Fasting C‐peptide correlated negatively with HDL‐cholesterol (r=‐0.76, p<0.01), HDL2‐cholesterol (r= −0.80, p<0.001) and apoprotein A1 (r=‐0.56, p<0.05) and positively with total:HDL‐cholesterol ratio (r=0.64, p<0.05). Neither fasting plasma glucose nor the indices of stimulated insulin secretion (glucose‐stimulated plasma insulin and C‐peptide) were related to any of the lipoprotein measures. Insulin insensitivity and hyperinsulinaemia were both associated with higher levels of hepatic lipase activity but did not influence lipoprotein lipase activity. In multiple linear regression analysis, hepatic lipase activity was related to HDL‐cholesterol independent of insulin insensitivity. In addition, fasting C‐peptide alone accounted for 70 % of the variance in hepatic lipase activity and this was independent of insulin sensitivity and body mass index. We propose that the abnormalities of HDL‐cholesterol in Type 2 diabetes are closely related to enhanced hepatic lipase activity brought about by increased insulin secretion which, in turn, is secondary to the defect in insulin action.
GROUPS IN CONFLICT: Size Matters, But Not In The Way You Think

This paper studies costly conflict over private and public goods. Oil is an example of the former, political power an example of the latter. Groups involved in conflict are likely to be small when the prize is private, and large when the prize is public. We examine these implications empirically by constructing a global dataset at the ethnic group level and studying conflict along ethnic lines. Our theoretical predictions find significant confirmation in an empirical setting.
The Role of GM1 Ganglioside in Regulating Excitatory Opioid Effects a

ABSTRACT: Our studies with cultured cells have provided new insight into the particular role of GM1 in regulating excitatory opioid responses. GM1 is significantly elevated in chronic opioid‐treated cells via Gs/adenylyl cyclase activation. Such GM1 elevation promotes coupling of opioid receptor with Gs, resulting in attenuation of inhibitory opioid effects and induction of a sustained excitatory response. Application of exogenous GM1, but not other gangliosides, induces excitatory opioid responses not only in neurons and neuroblastoma cells that bear intrinsic opioid receptors but also in nonneuronal cells that are transfected with δ‐opioid receptor. The latter system provides evidence that allosteric binding of GM1 changes receptor conformation from a Gi‐coupled to a Gs‐coupled mode. This is supported by preliminary experiments with a mutated δ‐opioid receptor.
Young people with psychiatric disabilities and their views of day centres

Abstract Young people with psychiatric disabilities may require support in structuring their everyday life. To learn more about the relevance of day centres in this respect, this study aimed to examine the experiences of young people with psychiatric disabilities. A particular focus was on the perceptions of meaningful occupation when visiting day centres, their reasons for not choosing this option when given it and what they desired instead. A qualitative design based on individual interviews was used. Twelve women and eight men between 18 and 35 years, with a need for organized daily occupations, participated as informants. Qualitative content analysis revealed three categories: ‘Being in a context’, ‘Balancing between developing and stagnating’, and ‘Longing for something more’. The findings indicated that the occupations were inherently age neutral, as were the possibilities for socializing. There was a desire for more activities in the community and more support for engaging in occupations that other young people did. A major issue in the accomplishment of this was the need to earn money, and the lack of opportunities for doing that in the day centre context was a considerable drawback. The findings highlight the importance of identifying young people’s views when designing day centres.
Delinquency

three maladjustment categories as of those who appeared in court before the ratings were made. Specifically, the two groups contain the same proportion of maladjusted children. This remains true even for those children who made their first court appearance eighteen months after the teachers' judgments were recorded. As Stott (1962) has found, efficient delinquency prediction instruments can be built on teachers' ratings.
Comparison of neurovascular relationships between human pulp and rat pulp

The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationships of nerves and blood vessels between human and rat. Human premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic reason, and rat maxilla and mandible were placed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The presences of blood vessels (vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF), nerves (neurofilament heavy NFH) and myelinated nerve fiber (myelin basic protein MBP) were examined in the pulp by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The pulp region was examined to determine the integral optical density (IOD) of blood vessels and nerves by using fluorescence microscopy. Morphology of human pulp was largely consistent with that of rat molar pulp. Nerve fibers were seen to run along the blood vessels in both human and rat dental pulps. Myelinated nerve fiber was in the human peripheral area of the dental pulp, but appeared at central area of the rat molar pulp. In addition, the distributions of human pulp nerves were appeared to vessel wall and perivascular space but the rat pulp only existed in vessel wall. There were significant differences in blood vessels between human and rat teeth at root and chamber (P<0.05), and the proportion of nerve fibers of human was significantly different from that of rat teeth at root and chamber (P<0.05). The distribution and proportion of blood vessels and nerve fibers in rat molar teeth were significantly different from that of the human teeth, which indicated that the rat molar teeth could not a valid model for human teeth research.
Treatment Strategies for Dosing the Second Generation Antipsychotics

Background: The second generation antipsychotics now have clinical approvals for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar depression, bipolar mania, autism, major depressive disorder and are used furthermore off‐label to treat other mental disorders. Each agent is unique in its pharmacodynamic profile and allows for unique dosing strategies to be employed when treating these different disorders. Aims: To review relevant data regarding the second generation antipsychotics and their empirical dosing strategies. To further review and comment theoretically in these areas where substantial, definitive data are lacking. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE and recent textbook review was conducted regarding each second generation antipsychotic and cross‐referenced with searches for major mental disorders. The findings are compiled in the review below. Discussion: The second generation antipsychotics are clearly delineated in the treatment of psychosis and mania and share similar mechanisms of action to achieve these results: dopamine‐2 receptor antagonism for efficacy and serotonin‐2a receptor antagonism for EPS tolerability. From here, each agent has a unique pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile where some agents carry more, or less antidepressant, anxiolyic, or hypnotic profiles. Choosing an agent, and dosing it in low, middle, or high ranges may result in differential effectiveness and tolerability. Conclusion: The second generation antipsychotics have many clinical applications in psychiatric practice. This article serves to review this and also suggests ways clinicians may optimize treatment based upon patient diagnosis and utilizing appropriate dosing of each individual second generation antipsychotic.
Direct DNA amplification and restriction pattern analysis of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer and their families.

Sera from 14 patients with duodenal ulcer and their families were tested for IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori. Fourteen serologically negative patients and their families served as controls. Index patients and their family members who were serologically positive were advised to undergo endoscopic biopsy. Gastric biopsy tissues were subjected to HaeIII restriction analysis of nested polymerase chain reaction products of the urease gene. By serology, 28 (49.0%) of 57 in index families and 11 (27.5%) of 40 in control families tested positive. A higher prevalence rate was found in children of index patients (11/31, 35.5%) than in those of control patients (1/18, 5.6%; P < .05). On DNA analysis, 11 patterns were found in 13 patients, and 6 families underwent endoscopy. Children in 5 families exhibited identical patterns to those of their siblings and, in 3 of the 5 families, identical to the pattern of 1 of the parents. These results suggest that parent-to-child transmission and common infection source are probable causes of intrafamilial clustering of H. pylori.