Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: I Microcystin-LR

Blooms of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are known to have caused poisoning in fish, waterfowl, animals and man. One of the toxins responsible for this is the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR which has been found to occur in blooms present intermittently in sources used for domestic water supplies. Three sets of experiments were undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of microcystin-LR in mice and rats by the oral and intraperitoneal routes, the potential for effects on foetal development in the mouse, and the effects of repeated oral dosing over 13 weeks in the mouse. The results of this work were as follows: (1) Microcystin-LR is 30-100 times less toxic via oral ingestion than via intraperitoneal injection; (2) Microcystin-LR is not a selective developmental toxicant in the mouse. There was a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 600 μg kg-1 bodyweight per day given on days 6-15 of pregnancy for any form of developmental toxicity; (3) There was a clear NOAEL for tissue damage in the liver of 40 μg kg-1 bodyweight per day of microcystin-LR. Using this data, a value of 1 μg l-1 microcystin-LR would be an appropriate guideline value for drinking water.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 as a Prognostic Indicator in Osteogenic Sarcoma

Prognostic biologic factors that can be assessed at the time of diagnosis for patients with osteogenic sarcoma have not been identified. The current study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 as it relates to histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and event-free survival. A retrospective immunohistochemical study was performed on material from patients who were newly diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma who were treated according to the T12 protocol from the authors’ institution between 1986 to 1993. Staining for HER2/erbB-2 was accomplished using standard monoclonal antibodies and methods. At the time of initial biopsy, 42.6% of the samples showed HER2/erbB-2 overexpression. Higher levels of expression were observed in samples from patients with clinically detectable metastases at initial presentation and at relapse. Expression of HER2/erbB-2 correlated with inferior event-free survival in patients with nonmetastatic disease (47% versus 79% at 5 years). In addition, HER2/erbB-2 expression was associated with significantly less tumor necrosis after preoperative chemotherapy as determined by the Huvos grading system. These data suggest that HER2/erbB-2 should be evaluated prospectively as a prognostic indicator and clinical trials using antibodies that target this receptor should be considered for the treatment of patients with osteogenic sarcoma.
Lactate Production and Absence of Gluconeogenesis from Placental Transferred Substrates in Fetuses from Fed and 48-H Starved Rats

ABSTRACT: Fed and 48-h starved rats were infused on day 21.5 of gestation for 20 min through the left uterine artery with [U-14C-]-D-glucose, [U-14C]-glycerol, or [U-14Q -L-alanine. The mother and fetuses from both uterine horns were processed separately for radioactivity measurements in plasma and liver. Differences in radioactivity values between fetuses from the left and the right sides are used as indexes of placental transference of the infused tracers prior to their distribution and transformation in the maternal circulation. After infusion of [U-14C]-D-glucose, [U-14C] -glycerol, or [U-14C]-L-alanine, plasma radioactivity values and specific activities corresponding to the respective infused tracer appeared much higher in fetuses from the left than the right uterine side. Plasma 14C-lactate values also were higher in the left than the right fetuses indicating that fetoplacental structures produced lactate from those placentally transferred 14C-metabolites. No difference in plasma 14C-glucose between left and right uterine horn fetuses was observed after maternal infusion with either [U-14C]-glycerol or [U-14C]-L-alanine, either in fed or 48-h starved rats. In the mother both [U-14C]-glycerol and [U-14C]-L-alanine were efficiently converted to 14C-glucose, and this process was significantly enhanced with starvation. 14C-fatty acids present in fetal liver after maternal infusions with either [U-14C]-D-gIucose or [U-14C]-glycerol were decreased by starvation whereas no fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]-L-alanine was detected. Much less 14C-glyceride glycerol was found in fetal liver after maternal infusions of [U-14C]-D-glucose than [U-14C]-glycerol, and its incorporation was unaffected by maternal starvation. Results show the significant production by the fetoplacental unit of lactate from transferred maternal substrates and the absence of gluconeogenesis in the rat fetus even after 48 h of maternal food deprivation. Lack of gluconeogenesis occurred even above the triose phosphate step and despite the fact that glycerol phosphorylation is active in fetal liver, indicating that maternal glucose is the only source of this metabolite for the normal rat fetus.
DRD 2 / ANKK 1 Polymorphism Modulates the Effect of Ventral Striatal Activation on Working Memory Performance

Charlotte Nymberg*, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun LW Bokde, Christian Büchel, Patricia Conrod, Herta Flor, Vincent Frouin, Hugh Garavan, P Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Karl Mann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Frauke Nees, Tomas Paus, Zdenka Pausova, Marcella Rietschel, Trevor W Robbins, Michael N Smolka, Andreas Ströhle, Gunter Schumann, Torkel Klingberg and the IMAGEN consortium Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurospin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 ‘Imaging & Psychiatry’, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Experimental Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
Bipolar prosthetic replacement for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Eighty-three hips in 66 patients with nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) showing evidence of severe collapse or secondary osteoarthritic changes were treated with surgical implantation of bipolar hip prostheses either with or without cement fixation of femoral stems. The cases were observed for more than three years (range, three to ten years seven months; average, five years seven months) and assessed in terms of functional and roentgenographic results. These data were compared with the results of classic hemiarthroplasties using fixed head prostheses (Austin-Moore-type with curved or straight stem) that were performed at the authors' institutions before 1980. The results confirm that the clinical outcome is improved with use of the bipolar prosthesis. Satisfactory results (a score of 80 or greater on a hip function scoring system proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association) were maintained throughout the follow-up period in most cases (71 of 83 hips) with the bipolar prosthetic replacements. In a group of patients with unsatisfactory results (12 hips), proximal migration of prosthetic head was seen in two cases. The incidence of proximal migration of bipolar heads, including those exhibiting minimal movement, was significantly lower when compared with that observed in an Austin-Moore-type head-fixed prosthesis group (7/83 versus 12/19) during a comparable postoperative follow-up period. It is noteworthy that the proximal migration of the bipolar head was not progressive, and, in most cases observed more than five years, the cartilaginous spaces of acetabulum were preserved, whereas in the Austin-Moore-replaced group, the migration was evident and progression occurred within three years of surgery. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The 7–13 March 2006 dust storm over West Africa: Generation, transport, and vertical stratification

Several studies have shown the importance of desert dust aerosols in weather forecast models. Nevertheless, desert dust has been poorly represented in such models and is the source of some prediction errors, in particular for tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the formation and the three-dimensional transport of a severe dust storm which occurred in March 2006 over West Africa. An intense dust haze was transported southward over the Gulf of Guinea thereby generating an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) greater than 4 over Nigeria. The MesoNH mesoscale atmospheric model coupled with new dust parameterization schemes has been used to illustrate the three-dimensional transport of the dust plume and the vertical layering of this desert air mass above the lower atmosphere monsoon flux layer. It is modeled that more than 50 g m−2 of dust was emitted during this event from the surface by a strong Harmattan wind over the Sahel region. It is also shown that when the dust layer is located over the boundary layer, it can modify the atmospheric stability by as much as 9.5 K in terms of potential temperature in the lowest 2000 m of the atmosphere.
TROP‐2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma

TROP‐2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which is over‐expressed in various malignancies, and is related to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also called TROP‐1, gp40, and KSA. In this study, we evaluated TROP‐2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and compared it to other thyroid neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation for TROP‐2 was performed on 137 thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cell blocks (CB) which included classic PTC (64), follicular variant PTC (FVPTC) (10), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (AC) (2), medullary carcinoma (MC) (8), follicular neoplasms (FN) (8), Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN) (9), follicular lesion of uncertain significance (FLUS) (12), and benign thyroid nodule (BTN) (24). IHC for TROP‐2 expression was also performed on 331 BTN and malignant tumor tissue sections in tissue microarray (TMA). Membranous staining in >5% of tumor cells was considered positive. TROP‐2 stained 61 of 64 PTC CB, 7 of 10 FVPTC CB, and 9 of 12 FLUS CB. All other cases were negative for TROP‐2. TROP‐2 showed a sensitivity of 95.31% and specificity of 89% for classic PTC in FNA CB. In TMA samples, TROP‐2 stained 54 of 60 classic PTC cases and hence showed a high sensitivity and specificity. All BTN in CB and TMA were negative. We conclude that TROP‐2 is a highly sensitive and specific IHC marker for identifying classic PTC. TROP‐2 may play an important role in diagnosing classic PTC, especially in equivocal cases. This study also identifies a strong role for TROP‐2 in separating PTC from BTN. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:26–31. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (Sandhoff-like disease) in a family of toy poodles.

BACKGROUND GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (human Sandhoff disease) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiencies of acid β-hexosaminidase (Hex) A and Hex B because of an abnormality of the β-subunit, a common component in these enzyme molecules, which is coded by the HEXB gene. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, pathological, biochemical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of Sandhoff-like disease identified in a family of Toy Poodles. ANIMALS Three red-haired Toy Poodles demonstrated clinical signs including motor disorders and tremor starting between 9 and 12 months of age. The animals finally died of neurological deterioration between 18 and 23 months of age. There were some lymphocytes with abnormal cytoplasmic vacuoles detected. METHODS Observational case study. RESULTS The common MRI finding was diffuse T2-hyperintensity of the subcortical white matter in the cerebrum. Bilateral T2-hyperintensity and T1-hypointensity in the nucleus caudatus, and atrophic findings of the cerebrum and cerebellum, were observed in a dog in the late stage. Histopathologically, swollen neurons with pale to eosinophilic granular materials in the cytoplasm were observed throughout the central nervous system. Biochemically, GM2 ganglioside had accumulated in the brain, and Hex A and Hex B were deficient in the brain and liver. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that the 3 affected dogs were from the same family line. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The Sandhoff-like disease observed in this family of Toy Poodles is the 2nd occurrence of the canine form of this disease and the 1st report of its identification in a family of dogs.
Oriental Crown-Shaped Differentially Fed Dual-Polarized Multidipole Antenna

A differentially fed dual-polarized multidipole antenna is proposed in this paper. Two pairs of long dipoles and two pairs of short dipoles are printed on an oriental crown-shaped substrate. Through a rational design of positions of dipoles, stable radiation patterns are achieved at the horizontal plane within a relative bandwidth of 45%. Because of the symmetry of the antenna, its differential port-to-port isolation is theoretically infinite. The antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated ones in terms of gain, radiation patterns, and voltage standing wave ratio. Wideband impedance matching and stable radiation patterns are achieved by the proposed antenna. In particular, the half power beamwidth (HPBW) at the horizontal plane maintains a mean value 65° with only 4° variations across the desired band, which is suitable for the requirement of a three-sector base-station antenna. Interestingly, the proposed antenna looks like the famous building: the Oriental Crown-China Pavilion in the World Expo held in Shanghai.
A Discounted Stochastic Game with No Stationary Equilibria: The Case of Absolutely Continuous Transitions

We present a discounted stochastic game with a continuum of states, finitely many players and actions, such that although all transitions are absolutely continuous w.r. t. a fixed measure, it possesses no stationary equilibria. This absolute continuity condition has been assumed in many equilibrium existence results, and the game presented here complements a recent example of ours of a game with no stationary equilibria but which possess deterministic transitions. We also show that if one allows for compact action spaces, even games with state-independent transitions need not possess stationary equilibria.
Deposição de glifosato e utilização de adjuvante para diferentes pontas de pulverização e horário de aplicação

Sao contraditorios os resultados obtidos por pesquisadores quanto a eficiencia do uso de adjuvantes, que tem com finalidade promover melhorias nas qualidades fisicas da calda de pulverizacao, maximizando a eficiencia e diminuindo os riscos de deriva. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influencia de adjuvante na deposicao da calda de pulverizacao com glifosate, aplicada com tres pontas de pulverizacao e em condicoes distintas de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Em dois horarios aplicou-se uma solucao de glifosate, com e sem a adicao de adjuvante ‘antideriva + cobre’, com tres tipos de pontas de pulverizacao. A condutividade eletrica da solucao de lavagem dos alvos de pulverizacao foi a metodologia adotada para avaliar o nivel de deposicao. Os resultados mostraram que sem o uso do adjuvante a deposicao teve a variacao esperada em funcao do tamanho da gota produzida pelas pontas de pulverizacao e horario de aplicacao. Ja com o uso do adjuvante, de forma geral, os resultados preconizados nao ocorreram, ou foram ate contrarios aos esperados.
Análisis de Ecuaciones Estructurales: conceptos, etapas de desarrollo y un ejemplo de aplicación

Resumen El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (Structural Equation Modeling, SEM) es una tecnica que combina tanto la regresion multiple como el analisis factorial. Permite al investigador no solo evaluar las muy complejas interrelaciones de dependencia sino tambien incorporar los efectos del error de medida sobre los coeficientes estructurales al mismo tiempo. Debido al crecimiento y la utilidad de esta tecnica en la actualidad, se propone a continuacion una introduccion de los seis pasos recomendados para poder aplicar un SEM: especificacion, identificacion, estimacion de parametros, evaluacion del ajuste, reespecificacion del modelo e interpretacion de resultados. Con el objetivo de ayudar al lector a comprender esta tecnica, se propone un ejemplo practico de aplicacion. Palabras clave: Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales - estimacion de parametros -indices de ajuste
Trace element status in eczema and psoriasis

Concentrations of zinc, copper and selenium were determined in plasma and leucocytes from 23 patients with psoriasis and 24 with eczema. Selenium was also determined in whole blood. Values were compared with those of matched controls. Levels of zinc in plasma and leucocytes were the same as in controls but copper and ceruloplasmin in plasma were significantly increased in both patient groups, probably as a result of the inflammatory condition. No similar increase was noted for leucocyte copper. Concentrations of selenium in whole blood, plasma and leucocytes were significantly reduced in both groups. This finding may be of importance in relation to the effect of free radicals on skin.
Incidence of viral respiratory pathogens causing exacerbations in adult cystic fibrosis patients

Abstract Respiratory infections caused by respiratory viruses are common in paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are associated with increased morbidity. There is only little data on the incidence of viral respiratory pathogens causing exacerbations in the adult CF patient population. In this observational pilot study we show, by using molecular as well as conventional techniques for viral isolation, that during 1 y a viral pathogen could be isolated in 8/24 (33%) adult CF patients who presented with a pulmonary exacerbation. This result shows that there is a considerable incidence of viral pathogens in pulmonary exacerbations in adult CF patients. Newly identified viruses such as pandemic influenza A/H1N1, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and human coronavirus NL63 were not detected in our population, except for 1 human coronavirus NL63.
Mild cognitive impairment after adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients - evaluation of appropriate research design and methodology to measure symptoms

The development of new chemotherapeutic agents and regimens has contributed to reduced risk of cancer recurrence and prolonged patient survival. However, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), also known as “chemofog” or “chemobrain” following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has been reported since the late 1980s. Unfortunately, little is known about it's mechanism, type, severity, and episode length. This article reviewed related studies on the subject, and found that chemotherapy-induced MCI appears to occur in 10-40% of patients, and memory loss and lack of concentration are the most frequent symptoms. The symptoms are apparently transient, but take at least several years to disap-pear. Reviewed studies show a lack of clear understanding of what causes MCI directly. There is also a lack of consistency in symptom measurement. We point to the need to conduct well-designed studies which begin with a proper hypothesis. Future research needs to be randomized and longitudinal with a base measurement point before the chemotherapy cycle starts. Future studies must adopt an effective and sensitive method to measure MCI. The latest imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET) may be a powerful tool. Also, all confounding factors, such as age, education, intelligence quotient (IQ), fatigue and depression, hormonal therapy and other treatments should be controlled within the study design. It is hoped that the results of such future studies will allow medical professionals to contemplate effective prevention, treatment and rehabilitation for MCI.
Evidence from sentence priming for an atypical language organisation in the brain of dyslexic males

The present study used an experimental paradigm that combined sentence priming, lexical decision, and visual hemifield stimulation to investigate the relationship between dyslexia and linguistic processing by the two hemispheres. It was predicted that left hemisphere (LH) superiority for word recognition in a constraining versus a neutral sentence context would be reduced, or even reversed in dyslexic as compared to normal participants. Because both dyslexia and LH superiority for language processing are considered to be more prevalent for males than for females, it was further expected that this decrease, or reversal, in LH superiority for word recognition in a sentence context would be more pronounced for males with dyslexia than for females with dyslexia. A total of 88 children, half of whom were females, participated in the study: 44 children were diagnosed as dyslexic and 44 were normal readers. The results generally confirmed the hypothesis and provided strong support for a reversal in hemispheric asymmetry in males with dyslexia. Implications for sentence processing of the excessive involvement of the right hemisphere (RH) in the dyslexia of males are discussed and the lexical-decision–sentence-priming paradigm is recommended as a promising means of exploring the issues related to these implications.