Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of (cid:1) -secretase inhibitors on muscarinic receptor-mediated calcium signaling in human salivary epithelial cells

Effect of (cid:1) -secretase inhibitors on muscarinic receptor-mediated calcium signaling in human salivary epithelial cells. C76–C82, 2006. intracellular Ca 2 (cid:2) signaling has been observed in cells derived from Alzheimer’s disease patients, and a possible link between (cid:1) -secretase activity and the content of intracellular Ca 2 (cid:2) stores has been suggested. To test this hypothesis we studied the effects of several (cid:1) -secretase inhibitors on muscarinic receptor-mediated intracellular calcium release in the human salivary gland cell line HSG. Although several inhibitors in the peptide aldehyde class partially blocked carbachol-induced Ca 2 (cid:2) transients, these effects did not appear to be due to (cid:1) -secretase inhibition, and overall we found no evidence that inhibition of (cid:1) -secretase activity had any signiﬁcant effect on agonist-induced intracellular calcium release in HSG cells. In complementary experiments with presenilin-null cells we found that the reconstitution of (cid:1) -secretase activity by transfection with wild-type presenilin 1 likewise had no signiﬁcant effect on thapsi-gargin-induced Ca 2 (cid:2) release. In a test of the speciﬁc hypothesis that the level of APP intracellular domain (AICD), the intracellular fragment of the (cid:3) -amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting from (cid:1) -secretase cleavage, can modulate the Ca 2 (cid:2) content of the endoplasmic reticulum, we were unable to demonstrate any effect of APP small interfering RNA on the magnitude of carbachol-induced intracellular calcium release in HSG cells. Together our data cast considerable doubt on the hypothesis that there is a direct link between (cid:1) -secretase activity and the content of intracellular Ca 2 (cid:2) stores.
MtDNA Haplogroups and Elite Korean Athlete Status

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation has recently been suggested to have an association with athletic performance or physical endurance. Since mtDNA is haploid and lacks recombination, specific mutations in the mtDNA genome associated with human exercise tolerance or intolerance arise and remain in particular genetic backgrounds referred to as haplogroups. To assess the possible contribution of mtDNA haplogroup-specific variants to differences in elite athletic performance, we performed a population-based study of 152 Korean elite athletes [77 sprint/power athletes (SPA) and 75 endurance/middle-power athletes (EMA)] and 265 non-athletic controls (CON). The overall haplogroup distribution of EMA differed significantly from CON (p<0.01), but that of SPA did not. The EMA have an excess of haplogroups M* (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.63–11.79, p=0.003) and N9 (OR 2.32, 95% CI 0.92–5.81, p=0.042), but a dearth of haplogroup B (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.75, p=0.003) compared with the CON. Thus, our data imply that specific mtDNA lineages may provide a significant effect on elite Korean endurance status, although functional studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to further substantiate these findings.
A Manual on Hatchery of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra in the Sultanate of Oman

paper or electronic form, for educational and non-commercial purposes, are not authorized without prior written consent from the copyright holder provided the source of information is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material contained in this manual for resale or commercial purposes is prohibited without permission of the copyright holder. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Director General of Fisheries Research, Ministry of Agriculture &Fisheries Wealth, P.O. Box 427, Muscat 100. Sultanate of Oman. First edition March, 2012.
Resistance training promotes cognitive and functional brain plasticity in seniors with probable mild cognitive impairment.

strued as endorsement by the AHRQ or the US DHHS. Additional Contributions: The following additional contributors reviewed and provided their expertise on earlier versions of the manuscript: Janet K. Freburger, PhD, Amir H. Khandani, MD, W. Kimryn Rathmell, MD, PhD, and Sally C. Stearns, PhD, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Bruce E. Hillner, MD, at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Coordination Strategies in an SaaS Supply Chain

The computing industry is gradually evolving to cater to the demand for software-as-a-service (SaaS). Two core competencies that have emerged over the past few years are that of the application service providers (ASPs) and the application infrastructure providers (AIPs). The arrangements between them result in system dynamics that is typical in supply chain networks. We examine the performance of an SaaS set up under different coordination strategies between these two players. Our analysis indicates that coordination between the monopoly ASP and the AIP can result in an outcome with the same overall surplus as can be achieved by a central planner. Even though the players have an incentive to deviate, it is possible to create the right incentives so that the economically efficient outcome is also the Nash equilibrium. The results of the analysis have significant implications for the coordination strategies for providers in the burgeoning business model of delivering software services over the Internet.
Availability of essential medicines: A primary health care perspective

The present study was undertaken to assess the availability of the essential medicines to the people of Kunijarla, Khammam district, AP. This was done in two steps: 1) Comparison of PHC-EML (primary health care essential medicines list) with AP-EML (Andhra Pradesh essential medicines list) and NEML (National essential medicines list); and 2) Assessment of availability of the listed medicines in adequate quantity to meet the needs of people of kunijarla. Results showed that the PHC-EML is on par with AP-EML and NEML. The hospital has 100% availability of the listed medicines; however, there was a need for certain add-on drugs like phenytoin tablets, valproic acid, and activated charcoal since they were prescribed frequently and were not included in PHC-EML. All the drugs which were listed in PHC-EML were being used and none were considered as non-utility supply. Suggestions were given for the revision of PHC-EML according to the criteria for identifying medicines for inclusion in the revised list which was mentioned in NEML.
Does total intravenous anesthesia provide significant blood loss reduction compared to inhalational anesthesia during endoscopic sinus surgery?

BACKGROUND Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is defined as induction and maintenance of general anesthesia using solely intravenous agents, which usually includes propofol and a short-acting opiate (e.g., fentanyl or remifentanil). Traditional inhalational anesthesia (IA) is maintenance of general anesthesia using inhalation agents (e.g., isoflurane or sevoflurane). Several studies have tried to assess the impact of TIVA in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) by evaluating the surgical field visibility score, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, operative time, and blood loss. Although some studies show TIVA reduces surgical blood loss when compared to traditional IA, other studies have shown no difference in blood loss. In our review, we will focus on the relationship between TIVA and intraoperative blood loss in ESS. Accurate measurements of estimated blood loss (EBL) in sinus surgery are difficult because of copious irrigation, blood lost to ingestion, and blood outside the surgical field. Furthermore, surgical time can affect EBL, such that blood loss at a constant rate would yield higher EBL for longer cases. To account for this, some studies calculate blood loss as a rate, yielding outcomes in blood loss per hour. Methods of calculating EBL vary between studies, but usually involve subtracting the volume of irrigation used from the total volume in the suction canisters. To obtain the blood loss rate the EBL is divided by surgical time in hours.
Word associations with “organic”: what do consumers think of?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the word associations that consumers have with organic food, organic meat or organic vegetables, and how these associations differ between food type and consumer groups. Construal-level theory was used as a theoretical framework to interpret the associations. In addition, consumer groups were compared on psychological distance, values, age, and gender. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were performed. In Study 1, a sample of 154 participants filled out the words that came to their mind when thinking of organic food, organic meat or organic vegetables, and psychological distance and values were measured. In Study 2 these words were rated on centrality by an independent sample (n=52). Findings Consumers think of animal welfare, price, health, pesticides, and naturalness the most when thinking of organic. The environment, health, honesty, pesticides, sustainability, quality, natural, additives, origin, certification, and taste were central across organic food, organic meat, and organic vegetables. Thinking of organic meat showed consumers’ concern for animal welfare, while thinking of organic vegetables showed concern for human health. Consumer groups differed regarding psychological distance, values, gender, and age. Consumers who frequently bought organic food were more positive about organic food products compared to consumers who occasionally or hardly ever bought organic food products. Originality/value This research extends the scope of current consumer research about organic food and provides new insight in the word associations consumers have with organic food products.
Strong inducible knockdown of APC/CCdc20 does not cause mitotic arrest in human somatic cells

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a conserved ubiquitin ligase controlling mitosis and G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C is activated by two regulatory subunits Cdc20 (APC/CCdc20) and Cdh1 (APC/CCdh1) to target securin, mitotic cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cdc20 is essential for sister chromatid separation at the meta- to anaphase transition in yeast, drosophila and perhaps mouse embryos. However, whether Cdc20 is essential for mitotic control of human somatic cells is uncertain. Therefore, we used a lentiviral vector-mediated inducible RNA interference (RNAi) system to generate strong downregulation of Cdc20 expression in clonal cells to further elucidate the role of human Cdc20. Here we show, that even an almost complete knockdown of Cdc20 below the detection limit in western blots does neither cause a mitotic block nor significant stabilization of the APCCdc20 substrates cyclin B and securin. Thus, there may be redundant mechanisms of mitotic control in the human somatic cell cycle.
Floor of mouth carcinoma. The management of the clinically negative neck.

OBJECTIVES Examine the management of the clinically negative neck and evaluate the role of elective neck dissection in patients with squamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with squamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and N0 stage disease of the neck who were treated between 1973 and 1992. The mean follow-up was 6 years. PATIENTS The cohort consisted of 129 patients. Excluded from analysis were patients without evidence of disease but less than 3 years of follow-up and those with uncertain resection margins. INTERVENTION Resection of the floor of the mouth lesion with or without marginal mandibulectomy. Elective lymphadenectomy was performed in 26 (23%) of the 129 patients. OUTCOME MEASURE Estimates were obtained of survival according to mode of therapy, classification of treatment modality, determinate cure, locoregional failure, salvage, and occult disease by clinical stage. RESULTS Occult disease was detected in 23% of the patients who underwent elective neck dissection. Recurrence in the neck occurred in 36% of 103 patients who received follow-up but did not undergo elective neck dissection. The determinate survival at 3 years was 100% for patients with occult disease who underwent elective neck dissection. Overall, 96% of the patients who were treated with elective neck dissection were cured; 85% of the patients who received no initial treatment of the neck were cured; and 59% of the patients with failure in the neck were salvaged. CONCLUSIONS A more aggressive approach to the neck with N0 disease may be warranted. Selective neck dissection allows early removal of occult metastases with acceptable morbidity. In elective dissection for clinically and histologically negative necks, the high rate of survival may result from the removal of metastatic carcinoma that was missed in the histopathologic sampling process.
Beyond Benzodiazepines: Alternative Pharmacologic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia

OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, etiology, and classification of insomnia and provide an overview of the pharmacologic therapy of insomnia. Novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics including zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon, as well as nonprescription products such as valerian and melatonin, are reviewed in detail. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify relevant clinical studies, case reports, abstracts, and review articles published between April 1992 and December 1997. Key search terms included insomnia, benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zopiclone, zaleplon, Cl 284,846, melatonin, and valerian. Additional references were obtained from the lists of review articles and textbooks. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data concerning the safety and efficacy of the hypnotic agents were extracted from all available clinical trials and abstracts. Background information regarding insomnia, benzodiazepines, and other hypnotics was extracted from the most current literature, including review articles and textbooks. CONCLUSIONS: New developments in benzodiazepine receptor pharmacology have introduced novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics that provide comparable efficacy to benzodiazepines. Although they may possess theoretical advantages over benzodiazepines based on their unique pharmacologic profiles, they offer few, if any, significant advantages in terms of adverse effects. Over-the-counter agents such as valerian and melatonin may be useful in alleviating mild, short-term insomnia, but further clinical trials are required to fully evaluate their safety and efficacy.
Dental check-up frequency: preferences of Dutch patients.

OBJECTIVE In 1995, the requirement to visit the dentist for a check-up every six months in The Netherlands was replaced by the obligation to get a routine examination no more than once a year. The aim of this study was to determine patients' opinions about this change in policy, and to assess their preferences regarding frequency and content of regular dental check-up visits. Possible associations between patients' preferences for regular dental check-ups and a number of antecedent variables, such as dental attitudes, were examined as well. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Patients' preferences for regular dental check-ups were assessed by means of a questionnaire, containing a 19-item Likert-type scale, twelve visual analogue scales and seven forced choice items. Items assessing various background variables and a selection of items of the Dental Attitude Questionnaire were also added. This questionnaire was administered to patients of seven dental practices. A total of 428 patients completed the questionnaire. RESULTS Results indicated that patients prefer to have regular dental check-ups. Patients' evaluation of six-monthly dental check-up visits was significantly more positive than their evaluation of flexible, individualized, check-up frequencies. Factors positively associated with a higher preference for regular dental check-up visits were female gender, being more satisfied with one's teeth, less cynicism toward dental health care professionals and more intrinsic motivation to maintain one's oral health. CONCLUSIONS Patients seem to prefer to attend their dentist regularly, at fixed intervals of about six months. This fact should be taken into account when deciding about the most appropriate interval between dental examinations.
Intercorporeality and aida: Developing an interaction theory of social cognition

The aim of this article is to develop an interaction theory (IT) of social cognition. The central issue in the field of social cognition has been theory of mind (ToM), and there has been debate regarding its nature as either theory-theory or as simulation theory. Insights from phenomenology have brought a second-person perspective based on embodied interactions into the debate, thereby forming a third position known as IT. In this article, I examine how IT can be further elaborated by drawing on two phenomenological notions—Merleau-Ponty’s intercorporeality and Kimura’s aida. Both of these notions emphasize the sensory-motor, perceptual, and non-conceptual aspects of social understanding and describe a process of interpersonal coordination in which embodied interaction gains autonomy as an emergent system. From this perspective, detailed and nuanced social understanding is made possible through the embodied skill of synchronizing with others.
Not All Education Is Created Equal: How Choice of Academic Major Affects the Racial Salary Gap

Using 48,403 observations from the National Survey of College Graduates, this article examines the racial salary disparity between Black and White college graduates. We find that academic major and first higher education institution influence one’s final occupation, which in turn affects the salary disparity between Blacks and Whites. We suggest that public policy builds awareness among high school students aspiring for college of the importance of preparing for specific academic majors that lead to occupations expected to maintain an earnings premium.
Risk Uncertainty And Profit

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The neglect of reason: a plea for rationalist accounts of the effects of virtual violence

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how experiencing virtual violence might lead to changes in our moral judgments through a process of rational deliberation. This perspective is proposed as a complementary alternative to the dominant tendency in current research to exclusively focus on how virtual violence affects our emotions as behavioural dispositions. I will propose and consider a rationalist, descriptive account that is based on sound principles for case-based reasoning. The controversial notion of ‘virtual rape’ will be used as an example of how the rationalist and emotivist accounts ask fundamentally different questions and how the proposed account can yield an increased understanding of how experiences in virtual worlds can change our moral judgments. This approach can, in turn, yield increased understanding of how games and virtual worlds ought to be designed in order to foster rational deliberation. The ultimate aim of this paper is to make a plea for increased focus on rational deliberation in virtual world research, which calls for increased interdisciplinarity and active collaboration towards a more nuanced and constructive debate.
Role of the oviduct and oviduct-derived products in ruminant embryo development

The fact that embryos can be obtained in vitro undermines the role of the oviduct. However, it has been demonstrated that when in vitro produced bovine zygotes are cultured in the oviduct of sheep, cattle or mice the embryo quality is improved compared to the embryos produced in vitro. Thus the oviduct is not simply a passive organ required only for transporting the embryo to the uterus but also provides a suitable microenvironment for the early embryo. The study of physiological mechanisms and interactions between the embryo and the oviductal environment is essential to understand the correct processes of early embryo developmental. This knowledge can be used to improve current in vitro procedures providing high quality embryos capable of continued development and implantation, and resulting in viable births.
A Torch Library for Action Recognition and Detection Using CNNs and LSTMs

It is very common now to see deep neural networks being applied to all sorts of image classification tasks. Video classification tasks are also now becoming more popular, as it is the logical next step to try following image classification. We write a Torch library for a recurrent convolutional neural network architecture for large-scale video action recognition and detection; the short for Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (LRCN) features a long short-term memory (LSTM) on top of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and can be trained with limited training data and handles complex target concepts well.
Detecting device failures through scale-driven object matching

Abstract This article presents a method for detecting device failures using scale-driven object matching and discusses the use of this method to facilitate object-oriented device diagnosis. A device-independent class called scale, introduced to hide the method from the objects, provides abstraction mechanisms that facilitate knowledge acquisition and system integration. Using this class, plans for diagnosis can be generated from the mismatches resulting from comparing prototypical devices with faulty devices.
An Approach to the Minimization of the Mumford-Shah Functional using \Gamma-convergence and Topological Asymptotic Expansion

In this paper, we present a method for the numerical minimization of the Mumford-Shah functional that is based on the idea of topological asymptotic expansions. The basic idea is to cover the expected edge set with balls of radius \epsilon > 0 and use the number of balls, multiplied with 2\epsilon, as an estimate for the length of the edge set. We introduce a functional based on this idea and prove that it converges in the sense of \Gamma-limits to the Mumford-Shah functional. Moreover, we show that ideas from topological asymptotic analysis can be used for determining where to position the balls covering the edge set. The results of the proposed method are presented by means of two numerical examples and compared with the results of the classical approximation due to Ambrosio and Tortorelli.