Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF IMPAIRED DENTIN FORMATION ON DENTAL CARIES An experimental study in the molars of growing rats SISKO HUUMONEN

The effects of dietary sucrose and systemic glucocorticoid treatment on the response of the pulpodentinal complex to dental caries were examined in an experimental rat model. The possible role of dentinal caries on dentin formation was also examined. After 5-6 weeks of a dietary and/or medication period, the areas of dentin formation and dentinal caries were quantified in the molars of growing animals. Also the number and severity of caries lesions were estimated. The 43% sucrose diet significantly reduced dentin formation and increased dentinal caries progression. Although glucocorticoid medication alone reduced dentin formation, without dietary sucrose it did not have an effect on caries. In combination of these two, glucocorticoids further increased the progression of dentinal caries, however without significant increase in the number of caries lesions. The cariogenic bacterial inoculation of rats fed a sucrose or control diet increased the progression of dentinal caries. The relationship between cariogenic bacteria and caries was not strong, but there was a stronger relationship between the total amount of dietary sucrose and dentinal caries. In addition to the overall reduction of dentin formation there was no difference in the amount of dentin formed between intact and carious fissures in the sucrose diet group. On the contrary, rats receiving the control diet positively responded to the dentinal caries by increasing dentin formation to prevent pulpal exposure. Whereas the high sucrose diet impaired both the deposition and mineralization of the dentin matrix, glucocorticoids affected matrix formation only. These results indicate that the functional alterations in the pulpo-dentinal complex might contribute to dentinal caries progression in a cariogenic environment, irrespective of the causative mechanism.
Sexual Harassment: Why Men Do It? A Study to Examine The Predictors That Leads Men To Sexually Harass

Sexual harassment is a phenomenon that has always been looked from a woman's perspective. Almost all earlier studies on sexual harassment look at the incidences of sexual harassment, the effects on victims and coping strategies for victims. There is a dire need to change our understanding of this issue. In order to obtain a more holistic view of this issue, there should be a paradigm shift where the focus should be on the perpetrators. As men are generally the perpetrators, it is hoped that an insight into background, thoughts, feelings, perceptions and attitude would help understand why this phenomenon does exist. A total of 900 male respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The major finding of the study shows that men, regardless of his position and status, view sexual harassment as a sexual act, rather than a crime that affects the victims in many ways. Therefore, men are generally ignorant to the fact that their behaviour are subject to legal action.
The Development of a Long-Stroke Precision Positioning Stage for Micro Fabrication by Two-Photon Polymerization

This paper applies a combined precision stage to fabricate micro-structures by two-photon polymerization (TPP). The combined stage consists of PZT and stepper-motor stages to achieve precision positioning in long displacements. First, we derive the models of the stages by identification experiments. Second, we apply robust loop-shaping techniques to improve the positioning performance of the stages. Third, we integrate the stages and develop a multi-loop control structure to provide long-stroke and high precision. In addition, we propose coordinate transformation and anti-locking functions for further improvement of the system performance. Last, we apply the combined stage to a TPP system for fabricating micro-structures, and define performance indexes based on image processing and optical qualities. The obtained performance criteria can be used to adjust controller design to improve precision manufacturing.
Intrathecal injection of the neurosteroid, DHEAS, produces mechanical allodynia in mice: involvement of spinal sigma‐1 and GABAA receptors

Background and purpose: The neurosteroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and its non‐sulphated form, DHEA, are considered as crucial endogenous modulators of a number of important physiological events. Evidence suggests that DHEAS and DHEA modulate central nervous system‐related functions by activating sigma‐1 receptors and/or allosterically inhibiting γ‐aminobutyric acic receptor type A (GABAA) receptors. As both the sigma‐1 receptor and the GABAA receptor play important roles in spinal pain transmission, the present study was designed to examine whether intrathecally injected DHEAS or DHEA affect nociceptive signalling at the spinal cord level.
PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH KEPUASAN PELANGGAN (STUDI PADA PT. COCA COLA AMATIL DENPASAR)

This study aims to find the effect of corporate social responsibility toward company's repution mediated by customer satisfaction, this study was conducted at PT. Coca Cola Amatil Denpasar by using qualitative research. The datas were gained by spreading questioner to 120 consumers of PT.Coca Cola Amatil product in Denpasar city. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the datas. The results show CSR has positive and significant effect toward company reputation. Customer satisfaction has positive and significant effect toward company reputation. And customer satisfaction was eligible to act as mediation variable in the effect of CSR toward company reputation .
Corporate Governance Quality and Firm Value in Brazil

This paper investigates the influence of corporate governance quality on market value of 154 Brazilian listed companies in 2002. In order to obtain a proxy for corporate governance quality, a broad governance index was built. The investigation was carried out by different econometric approaches in increasing order of complexity, including multiple regressions by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), instrumental variables approach and systems of simultaneous equations. The results obtained in all econometric approaches show a positive and significant influence of corporate governance quality on firm's market value. OLS results with market value variables Tobin's Q and PBV multiple suggest that, ceteris paribus, a worst-to-best change in governance quality would result in a market capitalization increase of around 85% and 100%, respectively. The paper also finds evidence of corporate governance variable endogeneity and proposes different instruments for estimation by instrumental variables approach. Moreover, results by simultaneous equation approach indicate a relation of reverse causality between corporate governance quality and firm valuation.
Component-oriented network management system development

The integration and seamless interconnection of local and global networks enable a variety of network services. However, they also mean that the swift evolution of network systems and associated computer technologies require rapid and flexible development of network management. In this paper, we propose a component-oriented approach that provides rapid and flexible construction of a network management system.
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Indonesia: Issues and Reform Options

The paper describes and assesses intergovernmental fiscal relations in Indonesia and outlines options for reform. The discussion encompasses issues in all major aspects of fiscal relations between the national and subnational governments: expenditure assignment; tax assignment; intergovernmental transfers; reform of subnational taxes and user charges; subnational government borrowing; the framework for planning, budgeting and implementation; and development of subnational government institutional capacities. The focus is on systemic issues of reform. The paper's objective is to present an analytical framework to guide the reform of the intergovernmental fiscal system, and, using that framework, sketch out a broad agenda for fiscal decentralization and development of subnational government financial and institutional capacities. The paper does not seek to develop detailed recommendations for decentralization for individual sectors or public services.
Testing the Relation between Price-to-Earnings Ratio and Stock Returns in the Athens Stock Exchange

Market anomalies have always been an object of research by many scholars and financial professionals. Among others, Basu (1997), Fama and French (1992), Jaffe, et.al. (1989), and Lakonishok, et.al. (1994) documented the existence of P/E effect as market inefficiency, in the US and UK markets at different periods of time. Our research showed that the P/E phenomenon also exists in the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). In respect to our resulting evidence, the ratio is found to be negatively related to subsequent equity performance. Furthermore, accounting variables such as market value and earnings growth play an important role in the explanation of the cross- sectional variation of stock returns. The size-effect as it appears in literature, is found to hold for firms listed on ASE. The resulting evidence presented industry as being an indicative factor of such accounting variables, as well as, past market returns to be negatively related to subsequent stock performance. We could not verify the existence of P/E effect on firms listed on ASE using the extrapolation model of Lakonishok, et.al. (1994). However, our results are consistent with the overreaction hypothesis of De Bondt and Thaler (1985, 1987) in relation to news announcements.
Advances in Brief Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) Modulation by Targeting Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 a 3 Hypoxia Response Element 3 VEGF Cascade Differentially Regulates Vascular Response and Growth Rate in Tumors 1

Although tumors can activate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter in host stromal cells, the relative contribution to VEGF production of host versustumor cells and the resulting vascular response have not been quantitated to date. To this end, we implanted VEGF 2/2 and wild-type (WT) embryonic stem (ES) cells in transparent dorsal skin windows in severe combined immunodeficient mice. VEGF 2/2 ES cellderived tumors produced;50% of VEGF compared with the WT tumors, suggesting significant contribution of host stromal cells. To discern the hypoxia-induced hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1a 3 hypoxia response element (HRE)3 VEGF signaling cascade, we also examined tumors derived from HIF-1 a and HRE ES cells. As expected, the VEGF protein level in HIF-1a ES tumors was intermediate between VEGF and WT ES cell tumors. Surprisingly, HRE ES tumors produced the same level of VEGF as the VEGF 2/2 ES tumors, suggesting a critical role of HRE in tumor cell VEGF production. Angiogenesis in these tumors was proportional to their VEGF levels (VEGF ' HRE < HIF-1a < WT). In contrast, vascular permeability, leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and tumor growth were reduced in VEGF and HRE tumors but were comparable in HIF-1a and WT tumors. This discrepancy suggests that different intracellular signaling pathways may be involved in each of these functions of VEGF. More importantly, these data suggest that host cells are active players in tumor angiogenesis and growth and need to be taken into account in the design of any therapeutic strategy.
Corticothalamic Projections from the Cortical Barrel Field to the Somatosensory Thalamus in Rats: A Single‐fibre Study Using Biocytin as an Anterograde Tracer

This study investigated the pattern of axonal projections of single corticothalamic neurons from the cortical barrel field representing the vibrissae in the rat. Microiontophoretic injections of biocytin were performed in cortical layers V and VI to label small pools of corticothalamic cells and their intrathalamic axonal projections. After a survival period of 48 h, the animals were perfused and the tissue was processed for biocytin histochemistry. On the basis of the intrathalamic distribution of axonal fields and of the types of terminations found in the thalamus, four types of corticothalamic projections were identified, (i) Cells of the upper part of layer VI projected exclusively to the ventral posteromedial (VPm) nucleus, where they arborized in long rostrocaudally oriented bands or‘rods’, (ii) All cells of the lower part of layer VI projected to the medial part of the thalamic posterior group (Pom) but the vast majority of them also collateralized in VPm where they participated in the formation of rods, (iii) A minority of corticothalamic cells in the lower portion of layer VI, possibly located under the interbarrel spaces (septae), arborized exclusively in Pom. (iv) The corticothalamic projection of layer V cells originated from collaterals of corticofugal cells whose main axons ran caudally towards the brainstem. These collaterals arborized exclusively in Pom or in the central lateral nucleus. All corticothalamic cells from layer VI displayed the same type of axonal network, made of long branches decorated by terminal buttons emitted en passant at the tip of fine stalks. Corticothalamic fibres arising from layer V pyramids, however, remained smooth as they ran across the lateral thalamus and they generated in Pom one or two clusters of large boutons. All corticothalamic axons derived from layer VI cells, but not those derived from layer V cells, gave off collaterals as they traversed the thalamic reticular complex. These observations are discussed in the light of previous studies bearing on the topological organization and function of corticothalamic projections to VPm and Pom in rats. The possibility that a similar cellular specificity and a similar organizational plan may characterize corticothalamic relationships in other sensory systems is also considered.
Alcohol consumption as a preventive factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Objective To summarise the evidence regarding the dose-response association between alcohol consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method Studies were identified from search of MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases between 1 January 1946 and 10 April 2013, and from review of the conference abstracts and the reference lists of retrieved articles. Prospective studies that reported relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs for the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of RA were included. Results from individual studies were pooled using a dose-response meta-analysis. Results Up to 10 April 2013, 8 prospective studies contained 195 029 participants and 1878 RA cases were included. The results indicated that low to moderate alcohol consumption yielded a preventive effect on RA development (RR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94), and provided some evidence of a non-linear relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of RA. Dose-response meta-analysis of the study data revealed that compared with that for no alcohol consumption, the adjusted RR was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.98) for 3 g/day of alcohol consumption, 0.86 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.97) for 9 g/day, 0.88 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.99) for 12 g/day, 0.91 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.03) for 15 g/day, and 1.28 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.73) for 30 g/day. Subgroup analysis indicated that women who had low to moderate alcohol consumption had a 19% reduction in RA risk. Regardless of sex, a consistent low to moderate alcohol consumption for a period of at least 10 years was found to have a 17% reduction in RA risk. Conclusions Low to moderate alcohol consumption inversely associated with the development of RA in a manner that appears to be dose-dependent, time-dependent and sex-dependent. Large prospective studies that investigate gene-environment interactions are required to further clarify the aetiology of RA.
THE FINANCIAL IMPACT OF SUPPLY MANAGEMENT.

SUBTITLE: THE FINANCIAL IMPACT OF PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT GOES WELL BEYOND COST REDUCTION. IT EXTENDS TO SUCH CRITICAL PERFORMANCE AREAS AS BUSINESS GROWTH, PROFITABILITY, CASH FLOW, AND ASSET UTILIZATION. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGERS NEED TO BE ABLE TO QUANTIFY THAT BROADER IMPACT. AND THEN CONVEY THAT MESSAGE UPWARD SO THAT TOP MANAGEMENT BETTER UNDERSTANDS HOW PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO COMPANY SUCCESS.
Long-Term Effects of Magnetically Targeted Ferumoxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

The long-term effect of magnetically targeted neural stem cells in a rat focal cerebral ischemia model was investigated. In middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model rats, ferumoxide-labeled human neural stem cells (hNSCs) were injected into the tail vein. MCAO rats were divided into three groups: ischemia only (IO), ischemia with NSC injection (IC), and ischemia with NSC injection and the use of magnet targeting (IM). Four weeks after MCAO and 3 weeks posttransplantation, a greater number of hNSCs were found in ischemic lesion sites in IM rat brain compared with IO and IC animals. In addition, differentiation of hNSCs into neurons or astrocytes and angiogenesis were markedly increased. In IM rats, infarct volume was considerably reduced, and function was significantly improved. The present study indicates that long-term use of magnetic fields may be a useful way to improve the efficacy of targeted migration of stem cells and functional deficits in stem cell-based therapy for ischemic brain injury.
Impact of glaucoma on visual functioning in Indians.

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of glaucoma on visual functioning in Indians. METHODS Patients attending the glaucoma service who had undergone a comprehensive glaucoma evaluation were recruited. Better mean deviation (MD, using Humphrey Field Analyzer program 24-2) between two eyes was used to classify participants into mild, moderate, and severe visual field (VF) loss groups. Participants were administered the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to validate the GQL-15 and its four subscales. Linear regression was used to determine associations between GQL-15 scores and VF loss after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS A total of 198 patients (mean age ± SD, 59.8 ± 12.3 years; 67% male) were recruited. Participants with severe VF loss (39%) followed by mild loss (35%) comprised the largest group. Rasch analysis resulted in a 10-item reliable and valid questionnaire: the Glaucoma Activity Limitation-10 (GAL-10). Although a single subscale, "peripheral vision," met requirements of the Rasch model, it could not be preserved in the GAL-10. In multivariate analyses, the middle-income group (compared with higher income) and severe VF-loss (compared with mild VF-loss) participants reported significantly poorer functioning on GAL-10 ([β = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-1.52; P = 0.02] and [β = 1.19; 95% CI, 0.61-1.78; P < 0.000], respectively). None of these associations were, however, clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma patients in India, especially those with severe VF loss, face significant challenges in performing daily tasks and in mobility. It is important to prevent progression such that activity limitation is minimized in glaucoma patients.
Effect of Incorporation of Potato on the Quality of Chicken Cutlets

A study was carried out to assess the effect of addition of different levels of potato (25% and 50%) and compared with control (C) on the basis of physicochemical, proximate and sensory attributes of chicken cutlets. Results for physico-chemical analysis indicated that pH values of both treatments were higher than C and differences were highly significant (P<0.05). Cooking losses and Shrinkage values of T25 and T50 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of C. Highly significant (P<0.01) differences were observed in WHC values of treatments and C. Moisture retention of T25 and T50 were highly significant (P<0.01) than C. Fat retention was significantly (P<0.05) higher for both treatments than C however protein content of T25, T50 and C did not differ significantly. Moisture content of T25 and T50 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than C. However, no significant differences were observed in ash content of all samples. Sensory evaluation revealed that highly significant (P<0.01) scores for colour & appearance, juiciness and overall acceptability were observed for T25. However, no significant differences were observed for texture and flavour values. It can be concluded that potato incorporation at 25% level improves quality and also decreases cost of production of chicken cutlets.
From Generic to Branded: A Model of Spillover Dynamics in Paid Search Advertising

In paid search advertising on the Internet, marketers can bid for search engines to serve their text ads in response to keyword searches that are either generic or branded. A generic keyword does not contain branded words, e.g., "Hotels LA"; a branded keyword does, e.g., "Hilton Hotels LA. " Managers operating search campaigns face the question how to allocate resources across these types of keywords. For example, the advertising cost associated with a sale is typically much higher when it is tied to a generic versus a branded search. However, if advertising spillover occurs from generic search to branded search, metrics for generic keywords should be adjusted. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and extent of potential spillover effects in paid search advertising. To do this, the authors model response to paid search advertising using the Nerlove-Arrow Goodwill Model. Exposure to brand-related information served after a search, e.g., seeing a paid search text ad or company website, is modeled as advertising which affects goodwill. The model incorporates the potential effect that goodwill has on search-related activity (e.g., impressions, clicks and sales) over time, thereby revealing whether spillover effects are present. Using a Bayesian estimation approach, the authors apply the model to an aggregate dataset containing daily information on impressions, clicks and reservations from a paid search campaign for a major lodging chain. (Such information is commonly available to advertisers and managers rely upon it to operate search campaigns.) The results show that generic search activity affects branded impressions, clicks and reservations through positive goodwill. Branded search activity, however, does not affect generic activity, indicating that the spillover is asymmetric.
Smart Sensing System for Combined Activity Classification and Estimation of Knee Range of Motion

This paper proposes a novel wearable system and assesses its reliability in monitoring sagittal knee movement, and discriminating between activities of daily living. The system consists of a flexible conductive polymer unit, embedded into a pair of leggings at the level of the knee, interfaced with a customized sensing node for wireless data acquisition. Design constraints included the need for the system to be unobtrusive, low cost, low power, and simple to use. The wearable system was evaluated through a series of trials conducted on healthy participants, tested on two different occasions, while walking, running, and going up and down a set of stairs. The waveforms of the sensor output resemble typical knee kinematics curves. An intraclass correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 was obtained for the output signal of the sensor from which, knee movement is derived for each of the different activities. Time and frequency domain features of the signal were used to discriminate between activities. Results show good discriminative capacity of selected parameters to an accuracy of 93% when employing a random forest analytical approach. These results suggest that the system can be used accurately to monitor both knee movement and activity performed in unconstrained environments, and thus suggesting its potential use to support knee rehabilitation.