Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caries risk determination and cost-effectiveness of targeted prevention in adolescents

The aim of this study was to assess a series of caries risk indicators to find a suitable model for screening adolescents for risk cases, and to evaluate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an one-year intervention programme provided for the resulting risk groups. To reduce the spread of infectious diseases at 20 day-care centres, risk factors for the occurrence of salivary mutans streptococci were surveyed in 345 children before and after 8 months of intervention, i.e. withdrawal of tooth brushing in 10 centres. Dental health habits were evaluated by means of questionnaires. Four clinical and six salivary tests were related to 11-month caries increment in 181 adolescents. The 109 high-risk subjects presenting four or more risk factors were provided either with chlorhexidine or fluoride treatment, the low-risk group receiving basic prevention. An age and sex-matched control group was chosen. Life-long data on all 390 subjects were collected from their dental records. Survival analysis was applied, taking as the starting point the time of tooth eruption and as the event the first filling due to caries. The costs of the intervention and the number of fillings were compared between the groups. The dental health of the risk groups tended to approach the average level for the control group. One tooth surface per subject was saved from filling. The costs of fillings for the control group were twice as great as those for the risk groups at the end of the intervention, but only slightly more after the five-year follow-up period. The model (DFS, Candida and sucrase) offers additive information for finding adolescents at risk of caries, and for targeting preventive measures at the individual level and for the motivation of patients. The results stress the importance of dental age and of providing preventive procedures at the time of tooth eruption. The present risk-based strategy proved to be of moderate benefit to dental health by comparison with the costs of normal preventive and restorative care and cannot be recommended as such for a target population with a high risk of caries.
Filtering informal learning in everyday life: invoking ordinariness and moving to civic engagement

This article explores the role of informal learning from television as it is anchored within the ordinariness of daily life. It examines the consequences for pedagogy and civic engagement, questioning how informal learning from television can enhance civic engagement. For many, this learning was localised through personalised and interpersonal relations of everyday life. Learning was not viewed as a distant institutional force but as an embedded part of an ordinary life. The invoking of ordinariness rendered the relationship between learning and civic engagement unproblematic. Learning was localised in subjective terms for self‐identity and interpersonal relations rather than critically reflecting on the power structures of everyday life.
Analysis of the T Cell Response to Zika Virus and Identification of a Novel CD8+ T Cell Epitope in Immunocompetent Mice

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. Although ZIKV infection is typically mild and self-limiting in healthy adults, infection has been associated with neurological symptoms such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, and a causal link has been established between fetal microcephaly and ZIKV infection during pregnancy. These risks, and the magnitude of the ongoing ZIKV pandemic, have created an urgent need for the development of animal models to study the immune response to ZIKV infection. Previous animal models have primarily focused on pathogenesis in immunocompromised mice. In this study, we provide a model of ZIKV infection in wild-type immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, and have provided an analysis of the immune response to infection. We evaluated the activation of several innate immune cell types, and studied the kinetics, phenotype, and functionality of T cell responses to ZIKV infection. Our results demonstrate that ZIKV infection is mild in wild-type immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, resulting in minimal morbidity. Our data establish that at the peak of the adaptive response, antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells polarize to a Th1 phenotype, and antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells exhibit an activated effector phenotype, producing both effector cytokines and cytolytic molecules. Furthermore, we have identified a novel ZIKV CD8+ T cell epitope in the envelope protein that is recognized by the majority of responding cells. Our model provides an important reference point that will help dissect the impact of polymorphisms in the circulating ZIKV strains on the immune response and ZIKV pathogenesis. In addition, the identification of a ZIKV epitope will allow for the design of tetramers to study epitope-specific T cell responses, and will have important implications for the design and development of ZIKV vaccine strategies.
Amino acid, peptide, and protein volume in solution.

Modern physicochemical biology steadily enriches our knowledge of the functional role of proteins and their elements-amino acids and peptides. These substances are involved in all essential molecular processes occurring in the living cell and perform key regulatory functions at the cellular and organismic levels. Their functional specificity arises from their unique physicochemical properties, specific chemical composition, and the variety of intraand intermolecular interactions of protein residues with each other and with neighboring molecules. As a result, the protein assumes a particular form and volume. Spatial coordinates of the atoms of all macromolecules completely characterize the macromolecule structure. It is difficult to define a portion of space filled by a macromolecule, i.e. the volume. To do so, one must estimate the surface surrounding the macromolecule or the volume of all its atoms and all intramolecular cavities. Nevertheless, there are a number of definitions of macromolecule volume. For example, the concept of hydrodynamic volume is used to characterize a space occupied by the macromolecule together with its "impregnating" solvent. Or the volume may be defined by measuring the structures observed with the electron microscope, using X-ray small-angle scattering, etc. Of special interest are the macromolecule volume values obtained under conditions approaching natural ones, i.e. without electron beams or X rays, without applying great hydrodynamic fields and hydrostatic pressure, and
Self-Compassion and Internet Addiction.

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship of self-compassion and internet addiction. Participants were 261 university students who completed a questionnaire package that included the Selfcompassion Scale and the Online Cognition Scale. The hypothesis model was tested through structural equation modeling. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found negatively related to internet addiction. On the other hand, self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification factors of self-compassion were found positively correlated to internet addiction. According to path analysis results, internet addiction was predicted negatively by self-kindness and mindfulness. Further selfjudgment, isolation, and over-identification predicted internet addiction in a positive way. Results were discussed in the light of literature.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL VERSUS MODERN APPRAISAL SYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TELECOM SECTOR OF PAKISTAN.

Current study aims at investigating the comparison of online performance appraisal system in relation with Traditional paper and pencil based performance appraisal system on employees’ work outcome and behavior. In this way, the contemporary study will focus on major areas of online performance appraisal system and paper and pencil based performance appraisal system. The universe selected for this study is telecommunication industry of Pakistan and two stage sampling is used to conduct the study. First all the telecommunication and cellular companies were the population and then PTCL was finally selected for study purpose. The results showed that there is a significance difference between the responses of the manual and online respondents and it is very clear that the employees consider online based performance appraisal system to be more beneficial and accurate with respect to the above mentioned six constructs.
The validity of the 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales as a routine clinical outcome measure

Objective: This study aimed to test the validity of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) as a routine clinical outcome measure in the private in-patient setting. We hypothesized that it would be a suitable routine outcome instrument in this setting. Method: All in-patients treated at a private psychiatric hospital over a period of 24 months were included in the study. Data were collected on demographics, service utilization, diagnosis and a set of four routine measures both at admission and discharge. These measures consisted of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scales, Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS), the Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ-14) and DASS-21. The results of these measures were compared. Results: Of 786 admissions in total, the number of fully completed (ie paired admission and discharge) data sets for the DASS-21 depression, anxiety and stress subscales were 337, 328 and 347, respectively. All subscales showed statistically significant reductions in mean scores from admission to discharge (P < 0.001) and were significantly correlated with all MHQ-14 subscales and significantly related to CGI scale categories. The total DASS-21 and total HoNOS scores were also significantly correlated. Conclusions: The findings from the present study support the validity of DASS-21 as a routine clinical outcome measure in the private in-patient setting.
Evaluation of Pyriproxyfen Dissemination via Aedes albopictus From a Point-Source Larvicide Application in Northeast Florida

Abstract The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, ranks among the most important vectors of dengue fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus. With no specific medications or vaccines available, vector control is the only way to combat these diseases. Autodissemination of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (NyGuard®) from a point-source treatment was evaluated in field settings in northeast Florida. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of pyriproxyfen dissemination from a treatment site to nontreated oviposition sites via the skip oviposition behavior of Ae. albopictus. A spray application was made to a tire pile using a Stihl® SR 420 backpack sprayer. Autodissemination oviposition vases containing oak infusion water were positioned in groups of five at 25 to 400 m in 4 transects surrounding the tire pile. Two sets of 5 control vases containing oak infusion water were placed 1,500 m from the tire pile and oak infusion water samples were collected directly from the tire pile. Fifty milliliter samples were extracted from each vase weekly and preserved for pyriproxyfen residue analysis. All vases were analyzed at week 0 (4 h post-treatment), 1, 2, 4, and 6. Overall, there were no differences in pupal mortality between the control and autodissemination vases. The tire pile samples had significantly more mortality (P < 0.0001) out to 4 wk when compared to autodissemination and control vases.
Soluble Phosphorus Losses in Spring Snowmelt Runoff in the Northern Great Plains

The development of water quality beneficial management practices (BMPs) requires detailed information about the effects of landscape and climate on the processes and management practices that affect P export from agricultural land to surface water bodies. However, most of the information on P behavior and transfer has been developed for areas where P losses are dominated by soil erosion caused by rainfall runoff. This information may not be pertinent to the Northern Great Plains, with its relatively flat agricultural land base, cold and dry climate, and snowmelt dominated runoff. The relatively low rates of erosion in this region create a situation where most of the P in runoff is in a dissolved form; therefore, erosion control practices will probably do little to reduce P loss. Recent research in the Canadian Prairies confirms that conservation tillage, perennial forages and vegetated buffer strips may not be very effective for reducing P losses in this region. Conversely, water management practices that allow nutrient-rich snowmelt runoff water to be retained and used upstream in our watersheds show considerable promise for reducing P loss from Prairie farms. However, that practice must also be employed carefully, since submergence of some soils can release large amounts of soluble P to overlying floodwater when the soils become anaerobic. CONCERNS FOR PHOSPHORUS IN THE ENVIRONMENT Increasing P enrichment of surface water bodies and the subsequent decline in water quality is a concern across North America, and the Canadian Prairie province of Manitoba is no exception. This increase in availability of P in aquatic environments increases the growth of algae, surface scums, followed by the depleted oxygen concentrations, foul odours, sedimentation, fishkills and release of algal toxins (Schindler, 1977; Sharpley et al., 1994). Within Manitoba, the greatest public concern is for the health of province's largest lake, Lake Winnipeg. This lake is the sixth largest freshwater lake in Canada and the tenth largest in the world. However, the health of this aquatic ecosystem has deteriorated over the past three decades, with evidence pointing to excessive nutrient enrichment from P as the primary cause (Lake Winnipeg Stewardship Board, 2006). Similar to many other watersheds around the world, the majority of phosphorus flowing into Lake Winnipeg comes from nonpoint sources, including natural ecosystems, atmospheric deposition, and agricultural and urban activities (Lake Winnipeg Stewardship Board, 2006). Nevertheless, to reduce agriculture's portion of P that flows into Lake Winnipeg, it is critical to improve our understanding of how phosphorus losses in the Lake Winnipeg watershed are related to soil characteristics, topography, and local climatic conditions, as well as the crop, soil, nutrient, and water management practices used for agricultural production in the watersheds. * Adapted from a presentation at the Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference, Denver, CO. March 2014.
Corneroboletus, a new genus to accommodate the southeastern Asian Boletus indecorus

Corneroboletus was erected in the Boletaceae to accommodate Boletus indecorus originally described from southeastern Asia. The mucilaginous surface of the basidioma, the ixohyphoepithelium pileipellis and the irregularly warty to irregularly bacillate ornamentation of basidiospores distinguish this fungus from other described species in Boletaceae. Phylogenetic placement of this fungus was investigated further with molecular data including LSU rRNA and concatenated alignment of nrLSU, 5.8S rRNA and rpb2 genes, and an independent lineage among existing genera of Boletaceae was suggested by our phylogenetic results. Consequently a description, illustrations and a comparison of Corneroboletus with allied taxa are presented.
Postoperative testing to predict recurrent Cushing disease in children.

CONTEXT Postoperative testing after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for Cushing disease (CD) in children and its usefulness in predicting residual disease or recurrence are not well studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify which one of three tests that are routinely performed in our institution after TSS performs better in the identification of noncured patients or predict relapse for CD. DESIGN This was a retrospective review of clinical data of 72 children who received surgery for CD (age range 5.8-18.3 yr). SETTING The study was conducted at a tertiary care center. METHODS After TSS, plasma ACTH and serum cortisol (at 0800 h), urinary free cortisol (UFC) values and an ovine CRH (oCRH) stimulation test were obtained. Patients were followed up for 24-120 months by a formal protocol. RESULTS Of 72 children with CD, 66 (94%) achieved sustained remission after TSS. Two children had persistent disease after TSS, whereas four children appeared cured at first but relapsed later. All four had low or undetectable UFCs that were not different from cured patients (P > 0.0.1). Children who remained in remission had significantly lower morning ACTH and cortisol levels after TSS compared with those who relapsed (P < 0.001). During an oCRH stimulation test, ACTH and cortisol values were higher in patients who relapsed vs. those in remission (P <0.001). Lack of histological confirmation of an adenoma, normal serum cortisol or ACTH, a normal response to oCRH, and glucocorticoid replacement for less than 6 months after surgery were associated with relapse. CONCLUSION In pediatric patients with CD, low UFCs after TSS are not good predictors of sustained remission; morning ACTH and cortisol values and/or an oCRH test after TSS predicted patients that recurred.
Idenntification of Parameters for Power System Stability Analysis Using Kalman Filter

We propose that parameters on generators and the control units, used for power stability analysis, should be identified on the field data for reliable analysis in planning and operation of power supply systems. We apply Kalman filter technique in estimating the parameters. The identified data are compared with the design data and are well verified by analyzing the dynamic stability under line switching condition. Which deviation of designed values from identified values has the largest influence on the analysis, is also investigated.
Sonar target discrimination by instrumented human divers.

A series of sonar discrimination experiments has been performed using instrumented human divers wearing a helmet with a sending and two receiving transducers. Porpoiselike broad‐band clicks, with energy centered about 60 kHz, were projected and the returning echoes stretched electronically in time by a factor of 128 to enable the divers to hear them. Data were collected using metallic plate targets and targets of different geometrical shapes that were previously used in experiments with a porpoise. A comparison of scores indicated that the instrumented divers performed as well as, and in some cases better than, the porpoise.Subject Classification: [43]65.62; [43]30.82.
Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the breakdown strength of transformer oil

A new class of colloidal dielectric fluids is formulated with the objective of enhancing the dielectric performance of mineral oil for application in power system. TiO2 nanoparticles modified by different organic reagents are suspended by means of sonication. Dielectric strength measurements are carried out under AC for a number of different colloidal systems with varying particle mass fraction. It was found that breakdown voltages under power frequency condition have been improved at the optimum composition. The enhancement of breakdown strength (50Hz) of transformer oil-based nanofluid is mainly attributed to dielectric property of TiO2 nanoparticles, which may act as electron traps in the process of electron transfer in electrically stressed nanofluids. Furthermore, the high specific surface area of nanoparticles also increases the probability of electron scattering in the nanofluids, which reduces the impact energy of electrons and prevents the oil from ionizing. All these results confirmed that transformer oil modified with TiO2 nanoparticles hold a promise to improve its insulating properties.
Analysis of the DYSF mutational spectrum in a large cohort of patients

Dysferlinopathies belong to the heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies. Mutations in the gene encoding dysferlin (DYSF) lead to distinct phenotypes, mainly Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy (MM). Here, we analysed the mutational data from the largest cohort described to date, a cohort of 134 patients, included based on clinical suspicion of primary dysferlinopathy and/or dysferlin protein deficiency identified on muscle biopsy samples. Data were compiled from 38 patients previously screened for mutations in our laboratory (Nguyen, et al., 2005; Nguyen, et al., 2007), and 96 supplementary patients screened for DYSF mutations using genomic DHPLC analysis, and subsequent sequencing of detected variants, in a routine diagnostic setting. In 89 (66%) out of 134 patients, molecular analysis identified two disease causing mutations, confirming the diagnosis of primary Dysferlinopathy on a genetic basis. Furthermore, one mutation was identified in 30 patients, without identification of a second deleterious allele. We are currently developing complementary analysis for patients in whom only one or no disease‐causing allele could be identified using the genomic screening procedure. Altogether, 64 novel mutations have been identified in this cohort, which corresponds to approximately 25% of all DYSF mutations reported to date. The mutational spectrum of this cohort significantly shows a higher proportion of nonsense mutations, but a lower proportion of deleterious missense changes as compared to previous series. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global analysis of in vivo EGR1‐binding sites in erythroleukemia cell using chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing

Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) has been implicated in megakaryocyte differentiation induced by phorbol ester. But the molecule mechanism of EGR1 in this process has not been widely investigated. The identification of direct EGR1 target genes in a global scale is critical for our understanding of how EGR1 contributes to this process. In this study, we provide a global survey on the binding location of EGR1 in the K562 cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing. Over 14 000 highly confident in vivo EGR1 binding sites were identified in phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐treated K562 cells. More than 70% of these genomic sites associated with EGR1 binding were located around annotated gene regions. Molecular functional classification of 6138 putative EGR1 target genes showed that the transcription factor class (695 of 6138; 11%) is the largest significantly enriched one. The results showed that a high coverage of the genome and a high positive rate achieve were achieved. This whole genome study on the EGR1 targets may provide a better understanding of the EGR1 regulated genes and the downstream pathway in megakaryocyte differentiation.