Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Product and contaminant measurement in bioprocess development by SELDI‐MS

Bioprocesses for therapeutic protein production typically require significant resources to be invested in their development. Underlying these efforts are analytical methods, which must be fit for the purpose of monitoring product and contaminants in the process. It is highly desirable, especially in early‐phase development when material and established analytical methods are limiting, to be able to determine what happens to the product and impurities at each process step with small sample volumes in a rapid and readily performed manner. This study evaluates the utility of surface‐enhanced laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (SELDI‐MS), known for its rapid analysis and minimal sample volumes, as an analytical process development tool. In‐process samples from an E. coli process for apolipoprotein A‐IM (ApoA‐IM) manufacture were used along with traditional analytical methods such as HPLC to check the SELDI‐MS results. ApoA‐IM is a naturally occurring variant of ApoA‐I that appears to confer protection against cardiovascular disease to those that carry the mutated gene. The results show that, unlike many other analytical methods, SELDI‐MS can handle early process samples that contain complex mixtures of biological molecules with limited sample pretreatment and thereby provide meaningful process‐relevant information. At present, this technique seems most suited to early‐phase development particularly when methods for traditional analytical approaches are still being established. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2010
Early access to vocational rehabilitation for spinal cord injury inpatients.

OBJECTIVES To describe a novel early vocational rehabilitation programme (In-Voc) for inpatients with spinal cord injury and to report early vocational outcomes. DESIGN Observational longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS One hundred adults with spinal cord injury admitted to spinal units in Sydney, Australia within a 24-month period. METHODS In-Voc was offered to all inpatients within the first 6 months of acquired spinal cord injury and was provided by trained vocational consultants. Baseline demographics, opinions about work readiness, details of the vocational services provided and preliminary employment outcomes were documented. RESULTS The In-Voc programme was relatively short in duration (median 11 weeks, range 3-39 weeks) with a median total of 9.1 h (range 1-75.2 h) of service delivered per participant. At case closure (median 3 weeks post-discharge), 29/84 (34.5%) of participants were in paid employment (7% full-time, 8% part-time, 7% on sick leave, and 12% working with hours unknown), 36% were unemployed (6% seeking work, 16% not seeking work, 14% job seeking status unknown), 13% were students or in-training, and 17% were in vocational rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that implementing an early vocational rehabilitation programme with individuals in the hospital setting is feasible and has good potential for enhancing post-injury labour-force participation.
Patients' Attitudes Toward Medical Student Participation Across Specialties: A Systematic Review

Phenomenon: Medical students commonly participate in patient care in a variety of different settings. However, a systematic review of patients' attitudes toward medical student participation across specialties has not been performed. Approach: The authors searched 7 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) between January 1, 1999, and August 5, 2014. Two authors independently screened the results and selected articles that were written in English, were published in a peer-reviewed journal, and used a structured or semistructured survey or interview to determine patients' attitudes toward medical student participation in their care. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Findings: Fifty-nine studies were included. Average study quality was low. Sixty-one unique evaluation instruments were used, and 34 instruments (56%) lacked validity data. Patient satisfaction was not significantly affected by medical student participation. However, patients' acceptance of medical student participation varied widely between studies and depended on the type of participation. The most common reason for acceptance was a desire to contribute to the education of others, and the most common reason for refusal was concerns about privacy. Minorities were more likely to refuse medical student participation. Patients preferred to be informed before medical students participated in their care. Insights: Patient satisfaction is not significantly affected by medical student participation. However, patient satisfaction may be a poor surrogate marker of patients' acceptance of medical students. Future research should employ validated evaluation instruments to further explore patients' attitudes toward medical student participation.
Effect of Fertilization and Organic Manure on Water Quality Dynamics a Proximate Composition of Cyprinus carpio

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer (single super phosphate and urea) on water quality (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, alkalinity, total solids, nitrate and phosphate) and proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, total fat and carbohydrates) of Cyprinus carpio. 210 fingerlings of C. carpio obtained from Government fish hatchery, Jammu were acclimatized for one month with conventional feed and daily water exchange. The experimental tubs were cleaned, fresh soil was spread to 5 cm height and treated with lime @ 250 kg/ha. After three days of liming, tubs were filled with water at 40cm depth. Experimental water in tubs were treated in duplicates with low (PT1) @8000 kg/ ha, medium (PT2) @10,000 kg/ha and high (PT3) @12,000 kg/ha doses of chicken manure and also with low, medium and high dose of inorganic fertilizer(urea + SSP) @104 kg/ha + 155 kg/ha (IT1), @218 kg/ha + 310 kg/ha (IT2) and 322 kg/ha +470 kg/ha (IT3) respectively, along with control. Water quality parameters were within the tolerable range for C. carpio. Level of crude protein and total fat were highest in PT2. Moisture and carbohydrate showed insignificant changes while ash content changed significantly in all the treatments and control. These observations indicate that chicken manure alone was effective to stimulate productivity with conducive range of water quality and growth of fish without affecting proximate composition of fish meat.
Putting metabolic side effects into perspective: risks versus benefits of atypical antipsychotics.

The lengthy list of the side effects and morbidity associated with the atypical antipsychotics might make a patient with psychosis and his or her caregivers so concerned about the use of any of these medications, particularly those associated with a higher risk of diabetes, weight gain, or increased lipid levels, that they would prefer to avoid all of them. However, schizophrenia is associated with a relatively high risk for several diseases, including diabetes, that is independent of the risks that are linked to atypical antipsychotic use. Therefore, the clinician who might think, "Why use atypicals if using the typical drugs will escape the problems of monitoring and all the associated effects of diabetes and hyperglycemia? " needs to know that these problems cannot be avoided simply by choosing typical antipsychotics. Clinicians, patients, and concerned family members must balance the significant benefits of atypical antipsychotic treatment-improved cognition, reduced suicidality, and less depression-against the risks of metabolic disturbances and select a course of treatment that includes a realistic monitoring program.
Cerebral Metabolism following Neonatal or Adult Hemineodecortication in Cats: I. Effects on Glucose Metabolism Using [14C]2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Autoradiography

In the cat, cerebral hemispherectomy sustained neonatally results in a remarkable degree of recovery and/or sparing of function as compared with the effects of a similar lesion but sustained in adulthood. We have proposed that this effect is due to a combination of reduced neuronal loss within partially denervated structures and a lesion-induced reorganization of corticofugal projections arising from the remaining intact hemisphere in the neonatally lesioned animal. The current study was designed to assess the physiological consequences of these anatomical changes utilizing [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose autoradiography. A total of 17 adult cats were studied. Seven animals served as intact controls, five received a left cerebral hemineodecortication as neonates (NH; mean age 11.4 days), and five sustained the same lesion in adulthood (AH). Histological analysis indicated that the lesion was very similar between the two age groups and essentially represented a unilateral hemineodecortication. Local CMRglc (LCMRglc; μmol 100 g-1 min-1) values were calculated for 50 structures bilaterally and indicated that in the remaining intact contralateral (right) cerebral cortex (including all areas measured), AH cats exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) lower level of LCMRglc (ranging from 20 to 72 μmol 100 g-1 min-1) than NH (ranging from 49 to 81 μmol 100g-1 min-1). In comparison, the rates of NH cats within the cerebral cortex were very similar to those seen in intact animals (ranging from 48 to 119 μmol 100 g-1 min-1). Ipsilateral to the lesion in AH cats, the structures spared by the resection, including the basal ganglia and thalamus, exhibited LCMRglc rates of between 23 and 69 μmol 100 g-1 min-1, which were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in NH cats (range 47–72 μmol 100 g-1 min-1). Considering all structures, both age-at-lesion groups exhibited a lower level of metabolism compared with similar measurements for intact control animals (LCMRglc range 45–75 μmol 100 g-1 min-1). However, this depression of glucose metabolism was more pronounced in the AH cats (p < 0.05). These results indicate that following neonatal hemineodecortication, LCMRglc is maintained at a higher level in many regions of the brain than in animals that sustain the same resection in adulthood. This higher level of glucose metabolism in NH animals suggests that the lesion-induced anatomical reorganization of structures not directly injured by the lesion plays a functional role that is probably responsible for the greater degree of recovery and/or sparing of function in these early lesioned cats.
Attachment Pattern and Cognitive Skills: An Exploratory Study in an Italian Non-Clinical Sample

Bowlby (1973) stated that the attachment relationship between a child and parents might help the child learn many skills important for survival, with a lifelong effect. However, there is a scarcity of research into attachment and intelligence in adulthood. This study examines the relationship between attachment status and cognitive skills in an Italian non-clinical sample of 101 young adults (M age = 22.6 yr.; SD = 1.8). The Adult Attachment Projective Picture Stimuli and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised were administered to participants and four-way attachment classifications were analyzed regarding participants' IQ. Statistically significant differences were found for Full Scale IQ and Verbal IQ, with Dismissing participants scoring higher than Unresolved participants. Similar results were obtained for two-way attachment patterns with Resolved participants scoring higher than Unresolved. Implications regarding different attachment patterns and the concept of trauma are discussed.
Spectrum and outcome analysis of marked neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with blood group incompatibility.

BACKGROUND Blood group mismatch between a mother and newborn carries a substantial risk for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. In the current study, we investigate the spectrum and outcome of marked neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with blood group incompatibility. METHODS We retrospectively assessed a cohort of 413 neonates with peak total serum bilirubin (TSB) values > or = 20 mg/dL between 1995 and 2007. Those with a gestational age< 34 weeks, birth weight < 2000 grams or G6PD deficiency were excluded. A total of 83 subjects with blood group incompatibility were enrolled. Neonates with unknown etiology of hyperbilirubinemia (except breast milk feeding) were selected as the controls (n = 168). Kernicterus referred to classic neurological signs after follow up for more than 1 year. RESULTS The clinical symptoms of acute bilirubin encephalopathy included apnea (2.4%), tachypnea (6.0%), fever (1.2%), irritability (2.4%), lethargy (4.8%), seizures (1.2%) and poor feeding (19.3%). Hyperbilirubinemia was more severe among babies with Rh incompatibility than those with ABO incompatibility. After double-volume exchange transfusion, the TSB levels significantly decreased from 25.8 3.5 to 17.6 4.0 mg/dL. Using logistic regression analysis, we found neonates with blood group incompatibility more often had a reticulocyte count> 7 %, a hemoglobin value< 13 g /dL and a peak TSB at age< 3 days old than the controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, kernicterus was more common in neonates with blood group incompatibility (9.8 %) than in the controls (0.0%) (p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This survey depicts the clinical profiles of babies with marked neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with blood group incompatibility. Neonates with blood group incompatibility often develop early-onset, hemolysis-mediated hyperbilirubinemia. Our findings show they are at great risk of kernicterus.
Quality Assessment and Yield of Baikal Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) Grown at Multiple Locations

Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) is an important medicinal plant with proven bioactivity. Commercially available products in the United States containing extracts or derivatives from this plant species have beep shown to lack consistency of chemical composition and bioactivity. In the United States, these issues could be solved through domestic production of skullcap. The hypothesis of this study was that Baikal skullcap grown in the Mississippi climate would accumulate sufficient bioactive flavonoids, baicalin, and baicalein in the roots to justify domestic production, and that shoots of these plants might also contain the flavonoids of interest. A replicated field experiment was conducted at four locations in Mississippi (Beaumont, Crystal Springs, Stoneville, and Verona) to test the hypothesis. The concentration of the main flavonoid, baicalin, in the roots ranged from 8.1 % to 15.6%, whereas the concentration of baicalein varied from 0.2% to 1.2%. The flavonoid concentrations in the roots were similar to that ofcommercially available skullcap roots, and to concentrations reported in the literature. Chrysin was detected in the roots from one location. Furthermore, the flavonoids apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, chrysin, and scutellarein were detected and quantified in the skullcap shoots. Overall, yields ofdry roots tended to increase from southern to northern locations. This is the first report on flavonoid accumulation in Baikal skullcap roots and shoots grown in the United States. The results from this study are promising and suggest that 1) Baikal skullcap grown in Mississippi accumulates similar amounts of baicalein and baicalin to skullcap grown in other regions and can provide up to 128 kg·ha -1 of baicalin and up to 2.32 kg·ha- 1 ofbaicalein; 2) flavonoid concentration in Baikal skullcap roots and shoots, yields, and mineral concentration ofroots might depend on climatic and growing conditions; and 3) Baikal skullcap could be developed as a high-value crop for Mississippi and possibly other regions ofthe United States. Further research is needed on skullcap production methods and economic feasibility.
Edge Selection-Based Low Complexity Detection Scheme for SCMA System

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA), as a promising non-orthogonal multiple access approach, can support massive access devices communications for cellular the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper focuses on the research of low complexity detection scheme for SCMA system. Although the original message passing algorithm (MPA) detector achieves nearly optimal bit error ratio (BER) performance for SCMA system, the high computation complexity makes it hard to implement in practice. To handle this problem, we propose a low complexity detection scheme based on the edge selection. The message passing from function nodes (FNs) to variable nodes (VNs) on factor graph model is updated only with partial selected edges, furthermore the information loss brought by the edge selection is compensated via the mean feedback. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve an affordable trade-off between BER performance and complexity for SCMA system.
Precificação de opções sobre contratos futuros de boi gordo na BM&BOVESPA: um estudo das volatilidades.

O setor de carne bovina e um dos principais destaques do agronegocio brasileiro no cenario mundial, o recente processo de estabilizacao da economia, as vantagens de custos de producao com base em recursos naturais abundantes e poucas restricoes ambientais tem garantido o crescimento e a competitividade do setor. Com a diminuicao da intervencao governamental as politicas privadas de gestao de risco comecaram a tornar-se uma preocupacao entre os agentes envolvidos no agronegocio e tambem entre os agentes do setor de carne bovina que passaram a buscar formas de gerenciamento de risco, dentre elas os mercados futuros e de opcoes, a fim de garantir antecipadamente a lucratividade, reduzindo a exposicao ao risco de oscilacoes dos precos. Em face a importância do setor de carne bovina, e a evolucao apresentada pelos instrumentos derivativos, e o uso, ainda pouco expressivo, desses contratos para a administracao do risco, buscou-se aplicar o modelo de precificacao de opcoes sobre contratos futuros, desenvolvido por Black, a realidade do mercado futuro de boi gordo. O metodo consistiu em aplicar diferentes tipos de volatilidade (historica, implicita e deterministica) ao modelo de precificacao de Black e em seguida realizou-se a analise de desempenho dos modelos por meio do calculo dos erros. Foi encontrado que volatilidade historica para as diferentes janelas moveis, subprecifica os valores dos premios negociados no mercado; enquanto que os modelos calculados com volatilidade EWMA e TARCH superprecificam os premios das opcoes. De modo geral o modelo de precificacao com volatilidade historica por janela movel foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho nas analises realizadas. Os resultados foram avaliados ainda de acordo com os periodos de maturidade e os graus de moneyness, buscando proporcionar informacoes para que mais agentes tenham acesso a esses instrumentos familiarizando-se com os metodos de precificacao existentes e assim melhorando a liquidez desse mercado.
Autonomous Regulation and Locus of Control as Predictors of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence

The purpose of the current study was to examine the interrelationships between autonomous regulation (AR) and locus of control (LOC) and their prediction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence among 189 HIV+ patients. Path analyses revealed that neither AR nor LOC directly predicted adherence although AR was indirectly related when mediated by self-efficacy. AR was positively related to internal and doctors LOC, but not related to chance or others LOC. Overall, results support Self-determination Theory's conceptualization of AR and indicate that AR may be a more robust predictor of medication adherence than LOC variables.
A Comparison of Equisedative Infusions of Propofol and Midazolam for Conscious Sedation During Spinal Anesthesia - A Prospective Randomized Study

Background: Supplemental sedation with an intravenous agent is often required to allay fear and anxiety in patients subjected to spinal anesthesia . We studied and compared the properties of propofol and midazolam as equisedative continuous infusions. Patients & Methods: 100, ASA grade 1 and 2 patients, 18 to 60 years of age, undergoing spinal anesthesia, were randomly allocated to receive either propofol 1mg/ml or midazolam 0.1mg/ml in 50ml syringes through syringe pump. The infusion rates were titrated in order to maintain a desired sedation score of 4 on the Observer's assessment of alertness/ sedation scale. Anxiety score was assessed at regular intervals by a single observer in all cases, using a 100mm visual analog scale.Intraoperative and postoperative amnesia was assessed using visual task of recall of pictures and verbal task of recall of words. Results: Propofol infusion was found to be superior to that of midazolam as it showed a statistically significant faster onset in achieving the desired sedation score, significantly lower mean anxiety scores, a clear headed, rapid recovery and significantly lesser postoperative impairment of recall, but midazolam infusion was seen to be associated with deeper intraoperative amnesia over the former which was beneficial. Conclusion: Equisedatine infusion of propofol & midazolam as an adjunct & spinal anesthesia offer good anxiolysis and cardio respiratory stability. Propofol her faster onset & recovery while midazolam provides better intraoperative annesia.
Glutamate Transporter Alterations in Alzheimer Disease Are Possibly Associated with Abnormal APP Expression

Recent studies have shown that deficient functioning of glutamate transporters (GTs) in Alzheimer disease (AD) might lead to neurodegeneration. The main objectives of the present study were to determine which GT subtype is most affected in AD and to asses to what extent altered GT function is associated with abnormal amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression. While EAAT2-immunoreactivity (IR) was decreased in AD frontal cortex, EAAT1− and EAAT3-IR were unaffected; mRNA levels for all 3 GTs were not affected. Decreased EAAT2-IR was associated with decreased GT activity. EAAT2-IR inversely correlated with EAAT2 mRNA levels, suggesting that in AD, GT expression alterations occur due to disturbance at the post-transcriptional level. EAAT2-IR was inversely correlated with APP770 mRNA. In addition, GT activity directly correlated with APP695 mRNA and total APP protein levels, and inversely correlated with APP751/770 mRNA levels. This study supports the notion that astroglial EAAT2 is affected in AD and abnormal functioning and/or processing of APP might play an important role in this process.
Cost-effectiveness of farm interventions for reducing the prevalence of VTEC O157 on UK dairy farms

SUMMARY A randomized control trial on verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC)-infected farms found evidence that: (1) keeping animals in the same group; (2) maintaining dry bedding; (3) preventing direct contact with neighbouring cattle; and (4) maintaining a closed herd, were associated with a reduced risk of infection in youngstock aged 3–18 months. This study evaluated these interventions using a cost-effectiveness framework for UK dairy farms. Keeping animals in the same group was considered to have negligible cost and was feasible for herds containing over 77 dairy cows. Assuming equal efficacy of the remaining interventions, preventing direct contact between neighbouring cattle is most cost-effective with a median annual cost of £2.76 per cow. This compares to £4.18 for maintaining dry bedding and £17.42 for maintaining a closed herd using quarantine procedures. Further model validation and exploration of other potential benefits are required before making policy decisions on VTEC control.