Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Year : 2010 Inefficient policies and incumbency advantage

We present a model of (re)elections in which an incumbency advantage arises because the incumbent can manipulate issue salience by choosing inefficient policies in the policy dimension in which he is the stronger candidate. The voters are uncertain about the state of the world and the incumbent’s choice of policy. Under complete information they would reelect the incumbent if and only if the state is sufficiently high. Undesirable policy outcomes may be due to either a bad state or the incumbent’s choice of inefficient policies. The incumbent uses inefficient policies in intermediate states, whereby he creates uncertainty about the true state in such a way that voters are better off in expectation reelecting him. Hence the equilibrium exhibits an incumbency advantage that stems from asymmetric information and the use of inefficient policies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco. 2010.05. 002 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-42449 Accepted Version Originally published at: Hodler, R; Loertscher, S; Rohner, D (2010). Inefficient policies and incumbency advantage. Journal of Public Economics, 94(9-10):761-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco. 2010.05. 002 Inefficient Policies and Incumbency Advantage∗ Roland Hodler†, Simon Loertscher‡and Dominic Rohner§
Nonlinear Tollmien-Schlichting/vortex interaction in boundary layers

The nonlinear reaction between two oblique three-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves and their induced streamwise-vortex flow is considered theoretically for an incompressible boundary layer. The same theory applies to the destabilization of an incident vortex motion by subharmonic TS waves, followed by interaction. The scales and flow structure involved are addressed for high Reynolds numbers. The nonlinear interaction is powerful, starting at quite low amplitudes with a triple-deck structure for the TS waves but a large-scale structure for the induced vortex, after which strong nonlinear amplification occurs. This includes nonparallel-flow effects. The nonlinear interaction is governed by a partial differential system for the vortex flow coupled with an ordinary-differential one for the TS pressure. The solution properties found sometimes produce a breakup within a finite distance and sometimes further downstream, depending on the input amplitudes upstream and on the wave angles, and that then leads to the second stages of interaction associated with higher amplitudes, the main second stages giving either long-scale phenomena significantly affected by nonparallelism or shorter quasi-parallel ones governed by the full nonlinear triple-deck response.
Trends in Academic Attention to Fathers, 1930-2006

This systematic analysis of 1115 articles in five child development and family journals was conducted to: 1) examine whether academic attention to fathers has increased over time, and 2) describe temporal changes in content areas relevant to fathering and child development. Each article was coded for type of family structure, dimension of fatherhood, and type of child outcome. Percentages of articles per year were the dependent measures and analyses were conducted using regression curve-estimation techniques. Considered together, journals increased their father-relevant publications over time, but there was individual variation by journal. Content analyses showed increased attention to diverse types of fathers and to a wide range of areas of fathering and child outcomes. Both linear and non-linear trend lines fit these data. Results indicate that the “culture of fatherhood” is alive and well in academic journals, although the historical patterns of academic attention to fathers are often complex.
Response to SC 1 by Richard Essery : a )

Light-absorbing impurities decrease snow albedo, increasing the amount of solar energy absorbed by the snowpack. Its most intuitive and direct impact is to accelerate snow melt. Enhanced energy absorption in snow also modifies snow metamorphism, which can indirectly drive further variations of snow albedo in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum because of the evolution of the near-surface snow microstructure. New capabilities have been implemented in the detailed snowpack model 5 SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus (hereafter referred :::::: referred :: to as Crocus) to account for impurities deposition and evolution within the snowpack and their direct and indirect impacts. Once deposited, the model computes impurities mass evolution until snow melts out, accounting for scavenging by melt water. Taking benefits of the recent inclusion of the spectral radiative transfer model TARTES in Crocus, the model explicitly represents the radiative impacts of light-absorbing impurities in snow. The model was evaluated at ::: the Col de Porte experimental site (French Alps) during the 2013-2014 snow season, against 10 in-situ standard snow measurements and spectral albedo measurements. In-situ meteorological measurements were used to drive the snowpack model, except for aerosol deposition fluxes. Black carbon and dust deposition fluxes used to drive the model were extracted from simulations of the atmospheric model ALADIN-Climate. The model simulates reasonably snowpack evolution :::::::: snowpack :::::::: evolution ::::::::: reasonably, ::::::::: providing :::::: similar ::::::::::: performances :: to :::: our ::::::: reference ::::::: Crocus :::::: version : in term of snow depth, snow water equivalentand , : near-surface specific surface area ::: and ::::::::: shortwave :::::: albedo. ::::: Since ::: the :::::::: reference :::::::: empirical :::::: albedo ::::::: scheme 15 ::: was :::::::: calibrated :: at :::: Col :: de ::::: Porte, :::::::::::: improvements :::: were ::: not :::::::: expected :: to :: be ::::::::: significant :: in ::: this ::::: study. Indeed, the model performances are not deteriorated compared to our reference Crocus version, while explicitly representing the impact of light-absorbing impurities. We show that the deposition fluxes from :: the : ALADIN-Climate model provide a reasonable estimate of the amount of light-absorbing impurities deposited on the snowpack except for extreme deposition events which are greatly underestimated. For this particular season, the simulated melt-out date advances from :: by : 6 to 9 days due to the presence of light-absorbing 20 impurities. The model makes it possible to apportion the relative importance of direct and indirect impacts of light-absorbing impurities on energy absorption in snow. For the snow season considered, the direct impact in the visible part of the solar
Heart failure self-care interventions to reduce clinical events and symptom burden

Background: Lack of adherence to prescribed therapies and poor symptom recognition are common reasons for recurring hospitalizations among heart failure (HF) patients. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the effectiveness of HF self-care interventions in relation to clinical events and symptom burden. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with a HF self-care measure was conducted. The PubMed, CINAHL
Simultaneous two-color lasing in a single CdSSe heterostructure nanosheet

The ability of a single monolithic semiconductor structure to emit or lase in a broad spectrum range is of great importance for many applications such as solid-state lighting and multi-spectrum detection. But spectral range of a laser or light-emitting diode made of a given semiconductor is typically limited by its emission or gain bandwidth. Due to lattice mismatch, it is typically difficult to grow thin film or bulk materials with very different bandgaps in a monolithic fashion. But nanomaterials such as nanowires, nanobelts, nanosheets provide a unique opportunity. Here we report our experimental results demonstrating simultaneous lasing in two visible colors at 526 and 623 nm from a single CdSSe heterostructure nanosheet at room temperature. The 97 nm wavelength separation of the two colors is significantly larger than the gain bandwidth of a typical single II–VI semiconductor material. Such lasing and light emission in a wide spectrum range from a single monolithic structure will have important applications mentioned above.
Theoretical Analysis of Stability of Axially Symmetric Rotating Objects with Regard to Orienting Apples

Inspection using machine vision offers the potential for improved food safety and quality. However, effectiveness of fruit inspection has been limited by the difficulty of appropriately orienting fruit for imaging. Commercial orientation systems have had limited impact due to mechanical complexity, cost, error, or some combination thereof. Preliminary tests demonstrated that apples could be oriented by rolling them down a track consisting of two parallel rails. After achieving sufficient angular velocity, the apples moved to an orientation where the stem/calyx axis was perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to the plane of the track. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether this orientation phenomenon could be explained in terms of the inertial characteristics of axially symmetric objects. Rotation of a free body around an axis of axial symmetry was found to be stable, while rotation around an axis perpendicular to this symmetric axis was not. Furthermore, comparisons of action values for two different mathematical models of apples indicate that inertial characteristics can be used to orient apples. The critical assumption for this analysis was that for the same object traveling the same path with different initial orientations, lower action values represent preferred motions. This study introduces the novel use of action integrals to examine stability, and the results provide testable predictions that round apples as compared to elongated or squat apples and larger elongated apples will need to travel farther before orientation is favored.
Air-ice carbon pathways inferred from a sea ice tank experiment

Given rapid sea ice changes in the Arctic Ocean in the context of climate warming, better constraints on the role of sea ice in CO2 cycling are needed to assess the capacity of polar oceans to buffer the rise of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Air-ice CO2 fluxes were measured continuously using automated chambers from the initial freezing of a sea ice cover until its decay during the INTERICE V experiment at the Hamburg Ship Model Basin. Cooling seawater prior to sea ice formation acted as a sink for atmospheric CO2, but as soon as the first ice crystals started to form, sea ice turned to a source of CO2, which lasted throughout the whole ice growth phase. Once ice decay was initiated by warming the atmosphere, the sea ice shifted back again to a sink of CO2. Direct measurements of outward ice-atmosphere CO2 fluxes were consistent with the depletion of dissolved inorganic carbon in the upper half of sea ice. Combining measured air-ice CO2 fluxes with the partial pressure of CO2 in sea ice, we determined strongly different gas transfer coefficients of CO2 at the air-ice interface between the growth and the decay phases (from 2.5 to 0.4 mol m−2 d−1 atm−1). A 1D sea ice carbon cycle model including gas physics and carbon biogeochemistry was used in various configurations in order to interpret the observations. All model simulations correctly predicted the sign of the air-ice flux. By contrast, the amplitude of the flux was much more variable between the different simulations. In none of the simulations was the dissolved gas pathway strong enough to explain the large fluxes during ice growth. This pathway weakness is due to an intrinsic limitation of ice-air fluxes of dissolved CO2 by the slow transport of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ice. The best means we found to explain the high air-ice carbon fluxes during ice growth is an intense yet uncertain gas bubble efflux, requiring sufficient bubble nucleation and upwards rise. We therefore call for further investigation of gas bubble nucleation and transport in sea ice.
New hard X-ray emitters discovered by BAT

G. Cusumano∗,a V. La Parolaa, C. Ferrignoabc, V. Manganoa, A. Segretoa, P. Romanoa, S. Campanae, G. Chincarinie f , G. Tagliaferrie, P. Giommig a INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via U. La Malfa 153 I-90146 Palermo Italy b Abt. Astronomie und Astrophysik Tubingen (IAAT), Sand 1, 72076 Tubingen, Germany c ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, Chemin d’Acogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland e INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46 I-23807 Merate Italy f Universita degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza delle Scienze 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy g ASI Science Data Center via Galileo Galilei I-00044 Frascati Italy E-mail: cusumano@ifc.inaf. it
Neural Correlates and Temporal Dynamics of Task-Switching in Normal Aging

Task-switching paradigms consistently show an age-related increase in mixing cost i.e., older adults show a greater increase in RT on repeat trials in mixed-task blocks as compared to single task blocks. We examined changes in mixing cost in four age groups spanning across the adult lifespan using a cued trials switching paradigm. We compared behavioral variables and latent variables derived from evidence accumulation models of speed-accuracy trade-off against electrophysiological variables measuring preparation for an impending repeat trial and stimulus processing. Increasing age was associated with a higher RT and greater RT variance mixing cost but smaller error mixing cost, suggestive of age-related changes in speed-accuracy tradeoff. Diffusion model parameters indicated a more conservative decision process under mixed-task conditions in older adults. Cue-locked ERPs showed a prolongation of the mixingpositivity across the lifespan and this was associated with greater criterion increase for mixed-repeat trials. Stimuluslocked ERPs showed gradual changes in the mixing effect across the lifespan and this was associated with drift rate reduction for mixed-repeat trials. The results suggest that the early emergence of strategic differences in response criterion may modulate preparatory processes. These do not adversely affect behavioral performance until slowing of the rate of evidence accumulation in older adults makes this strategy ineffective. The analysis strategy used here indicates that diffusion model parameters and ERP measures are complementary approaches that can illuminate the processes that contribute to age-related cognitive changes.
Chemistry in Disks X: The Molecular Content of Proto-planetary Disks in Taurus

(abridged) We used the IRAM 30-m to perform a sensitive wideband survey of 30 protoplanetary disks in the Taurus Auriga region. We simultaneously observed HCO$^+$(3-2), HCN(3-2), C$_2$H(3-2), CS(5-4), and two transitions of SO. We combine the results with a previous survey which observed $^{13}$CO (2-1), CN(2-1), two o-H$_2$CO lines and one of SO. We use available interferometric data to derive excitation temperatures of CN and C$_2$H in several sources. We determine characteristic sizes of the gas disks and column densities of all molecules using a parametric power-law disk model. Our study is mostly sensitive to molecules at 200-400 au from the stars. We compare the derived column densities to the predictions of an extensive gas-grain chemical disk model, under conditions representative of T Tauri disks. This survey provides 20 new detections of HCO$^+$ in disks, 18 in HCN, 11 in C$_2$H, 8 in CS and 4 in SO. HCO$^+$ is detected in almost all sources, and its J=3-2 line is essentially optically thick, providing good estimates of the disk radii. The other transitions are (at least partially) optically thin. Variations of the column density ratios do not correlate with any specific property of the star or disk. Disks around Herbig Ae stars appear less rich in molecules than those around T Tauri stars, although the sample remains small. SO is only found in the (presumably younger) embedded objects, perhaps reflecting an evolution of the S chemistry due to increasing depletion with time. Overall, the molecular column densities, and in particular the CN/HCN and CN/C$_2$H ratios, are well reproduced by gas-grain chemistry in cold disks. This study provides a census of simple molecules in disks of radii $> 200-300$ au. Extending that to smaller disks, or searching for less abundant or more complex molecules requires a much more sensitive facility, i.e. NOEMA and ALMA.
Active molecular plasmonics: tuning surface plasmon resonances by exploiting molecular dimensions

Abstract: Molecular plasmonics explores and exploits the molecule–plasmon interactions on metal nanostructures to harness light at the nanoscale for nanophotonic spectroscopy and devices. With the functional molecules and polymers that change their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external stimuli such as electric fields and light, one can dynamically tune the plasmonic properties for enhanced or new applications, leading to a new research area known as active molecular plasmonics (AMP). Recent progress in molecular design, tailored synthesis, and self-assembly has enabled a variety of scenarios of plasmonic tuning for a broad range of AMP applications. Dimension (i.e., zero-, two-, and threedimensional) of the molecules on metal nanostructures has proved to be an effective indicator for defining the specific scenarios. In this review article, we focus on structuring the field of AMP based on the dimension of molecules and discussing the state of the art of AMP. Our perspective on the upcoming challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of AMP is also included.
Effect of Art Production on Negative Mood: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Art therapists have long held that art production causes reductions in stress and elevations in mood (Rubin, 1999). The authors examined this claim in a randomized, controlled trial. Fifty adults between the ages of 18 and 30 were randomly assigned to either create an art work or to view and sort a series of art prints. Three measures of overall negative mood and of anxiety were collected before and after each intervention. Two-way ANOVAs (Group by Time) demonstrated significantly greater reductions in negative mood and anxiety in the art production group compared with the art viewing control group on all three measures (all p-values <.005). These results demonstrate that the simple act of creating a work of art can produce dramatic reductions in negative mood and that these reductions can be attributed specifically to the production of art rather than to its viewing.
Green jobs and occupational safety and health : Foresight on new and emerging risks associated with new technologies by 2020 Report

Work (EU-OSHA) contributes to making Europe a safer, healthier and more productive place to work. The Agency researches, develops, and distributes reliable, balanced, and impartial safety and health information and organises pan-European awareness raising campaigns. Set up by the European Union in 1996 and based in Bilbao, Spain, the Agency brings together representatives from the European Commission, Member State governments, employers’ and workers’ organisations, as well as leading experts in each of the EU-27 Member States and beyond.
PHONON INSTABILITIES IN FCC AND BCC TUNGSTEN

The lattice dynamics of bcc and fcc W is studied as a function of pressure using the density-functional linear-response theory. At high pressures and T=0 K, bcc W has a higher enthalpy than the fcc and hcp phases and it develops phonon softening anomalies related to this thermodynamic instability; however, it remains dynamically stable. In contrast, the widely unstable shear modes of fcc W at zero pressure (when H{sup fcc}{sub W}{gt}H{sup bc c}{sub W} ) stabilize with increasing pressure before H{sup fcc}{sub W}{lt}H{sup bc c}{sub W} . Hence the thermodynamic and dynamic instabilities are uncorrelated. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Development of the wake behind a circular cylinder impulsively started into rotatory and rectilinear motion

The temporal development of two-dimensional viscous incompressible flow generated by a circular cylinder impulsively started into steady rotatory and rectilinear motion at Re = 200 (based on the cylinder diameter 2a and the magnitude U of the rectilinear velocity) is studied computationally. We use an explicit finite-difference/pseudospectral technique and a new implementation of the Biot–Savart law to integrate a velocity/vorticity formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. Results are presented for the four angular: rectilinear speed ratios α = Ωa/U (where Ω is the angular speed) considered experimentally by Coutanceau & Ménard (1985). For α ≤ 1, extension of the computations to dimensionless times larger than achieved either in the experimental work or in the computations of Badr & Dennis (1985) allows for a more complete discussion of the temporal development of the wake. Using the frame-invariant vorticity distribution, we discuss several aspects of the vortex kinematics and dynamics not revealed by the earlier work, in which vortex cores were identified from frame-dependent streamline and streamfunction information. Consideration of the flow in the absence of sidewalls confirms the artifactual nature of the trajectory of the first vortex reported by Coutanceau & Ménard for α = 3.25. For α greater than unity (the largest value considered by Badr & Dennis), our results indicate that at Re = 200 shedding of more than one vortex does indeed occur for α = 3.25 (and possibly for larger α), in contrast to the conclusion of Coutanceau & Ménard. Moreover, the shedding process is very different from that associated with the usual Kármán vortex street for α = 0. Specifically, consecutive vortices can be shed from one side of the cylinder and be of the same sense, in contrast to the non-rotating case, in which mirror-image vortices of opposite sense are shed alternately from opposite sides of the cylinder. The results are discussed in relation to the possibility of suppressing vortex shedding by open- or closed-loop control of the rotation rate.
Do More Parties Make for Happier Voters? Democratic satisfaction and party representation across thirty-six democracies

Extensions of Downsian theory of party competition imply that the greater the number of political parties, the greater the perception of representation and satisfaction with the democratic process. However, this logic has been subjected to increasing scrutiny. This paper conducts a cross-national analysis of public opinion data from thirty-six democracies to assess whether a) feeling represented by a party increases democratic satisfaction, and b) whether more parties induce a greater sense of party representation. Multivariate regression results find that feeling represented by a party correlates with greater satisfaction with the democratic process. The more striking results emerge when testing the relationship between the number of parties (as measured by the effective number of electoral parties (ENEP) and parliamentary (ENPP) parties) and party representation. Namely, although more parliamentary parties correlate with greater perceived representation, the opposite is true for the number of electoral parties. This implies that more parties do not necessarily make for happier voters. 1 Contact info: tpavone@umich.edu. I am grateful to Allen Hicken for his feedback and thoughts regarding this paper. The usual conventions apply, and all errors are my own. ICPSR Bulletin Special Edition 2011 1 —Do More Parties Make for Happier Voters? — 1