Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graduate Students’ Needs and Preferences for Written Feedback on Academic Writing

The aim of this research is to examine graduate students’ needs and preferences for written feedback on academic writing from their lecturers and thesis supervisors. Quantitative method via survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 21 respondents. The data collection involved Master and Doctorate students at a tertiary level institution in Malaysia. The data was analyzed and tabulated using descriptive analysis. Results indicate that graduate students regularly need written feedback on their academic writing and they preferred electronic method to obtain feedback from their supervisors. Findings also indicate that graduate students appreciated feedback which was straightforward, provided clear instructions, directed them to other related resources, and feedback which was detailed or specific. This research filled the gap in literature by providing awareness among thesis supervisors and lecturers on the students’ needs and preference for written feedback on their academic writing. Apart from that, greater understanding of students’ perceived needs for feedback and preferences of feedback is also vital for lectures and thesis supervisors to increase the effectiveness of providing constructive written feedback.
Crowdfunding in a Context of Financing Firms Through Their Life Cycle

Abstract In this paper we first present some developed theories of financing that firms might accord with in their development stages. The framework, assumptions and predictions of the capital structure of firms in each theory is shown. Afterwards, crowdfunding, as a fairly new source of financing that is increasing significance, is described and is differentiated on the basis of the type of return on investment for the outside investors. In recent literature there have been models that introduce crowdfunding in the framework of financing firms through their life cycle stages. We point the difficulty of encompassing crowdfunding in the mentioned models because of characteristics that are unique to it from the perspective of the investor and the firm. While it is not surprising that crowdfunding is used in development stages, these characteristics make it difficult to construct a model of financing firms that has traditional means of financing and crowdfunding.
Examining the Intersection of Gender and Age on Backlash Effects in Negotiations

Backlash effects are the social and economic sanctions for women, but not men, when exhibiting masculine and agentic traits such as assertiveness. This social disincentive has been suggested to account for women’s decreased likelihood to initiate negotiations relative to men. One question that extends from prior findings is how other demographic characteristics (i.e., age) might intersect with gender differences in the experience of backlash in negotiations. Using role congruity theory, research on backlash effects in negotiations and age stereotypes as additional theoretical underpinnings, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the extent to which an individual’s gender (male or female), age (younger or older), and level of assertiveness (assertive or non-assertive) influence the likelihood that they would experience both economic and social backlash. Specifically, this study aimed to examine the interplay between these three variables and predicted that older women who display assertive negotiation behaviors would experience the most backlash in negotiations as compared to younger assertive negotiators and less assertive negotiators because their assertive behaviors are perceived as the most incongruent with both gender role and age role beliefs. Data were collected from 417 participants via the use of Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight possible conditions based on three independent variables: gender of the hypothetical employee (male vs. female), the age of the employee (28 years old vs. 55 years old) and negotiation style of the employee (assertive vs. non-assertive), resulting in a 2 X 2 X 2 between-subjects design. Results showed that assertive male negotiators received more economic and social backlash than female negotiators. Overall, the results of this study, albeit non-significant findings do, however,
Prevalence and speciation of hookworm in Plateau State, Nigeria

This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and speciation of hookworm in Plateau State. 592 faecal samples were collected from patients with abdominal discomfort from six health facilities in the state and examined for presence of parasitic eggs or cysts. Among them, 147 (24.8%) were positive for at least one parasitic egg or cyst, whereas 39 (6.6%) had hookworm eggs alone. Hookworm was found in all the localities. Langtang South had the highest prevalence (1.5%), while Shendam had the lowest (0.7%). Females were more infected with hookworm (3.9%) than males (2.7%). Age group 1 to 10 showed more positive rate (33.3%), whereas subjects <1year had the least (2.6%). However, there is no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the prevalence rate observed with respect to gender, age and location. Among the 39 samples positive for hookworm eggs, it was determined that 23 (59.0%) were Necator americanus and 9 (23.1%) were Ancylostoma duodenale, whereas 7 (17.9%) samples contained both species when Harada-Mori larvae recovery was used. The findings showed that Plateau State has a prevalence rate of 6.6% for hookworm infections with N. americanus as the dominant specie.
Regular dessins uniquely determined by a nilpotent automorphism group

Abstract It is well known that the automorphism group of a regular dessin is a two-generator finite group, and the isomorphism classes of regular dessins with automorphism groups isomorphic to a given finite group G are in one-to-one correspondence with the orbits of the action of Aut⁢(G){{\mathrm{Aut}}(G)} on the ordered generating pairs of G. If there is only one orbit, then up to isomorphism the regular dessin is uniquely determined by the group G and it is called uniquely regular. In this paper we investigate the classification of uniquely regular dessins with a nilpotent automorphism group. The problem is reduced to the classification of finite maximally automorphic p-groups G, i.e., the order of the automorphism group of G attains Hall’s upper bound. Maximally automorphic p-groups of nilpotency class three are classified.
Influential Factors in Customer’s Brand Image of the Sponsor

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sponsorship on customer’s brand image of the sponsor company while considering involvement (attraction), involvement (centrality) and team attachment as a predictor on sponsoring outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: The statistical population of this study was Tracktorsazi fans of Tabriz and Tehran. Using sampling method of simple random, the questionnaire of this study were distributed among the fans (N=434). Factor analysis, structural analysis, spearman correlation test, binominal test and kolmogro-smimrnov test was employed in order to test the model. Findings: Data reveal that highly attached fans are more likely to develop positive image about the sponsor and also involvement (centrality) is an important predictor in being attached to specific team. Research limitation/implications: The results of this research can be used by team sport marketer and sponsors, which needed to have a complete comprehension of the effectiveness of sport sponsorship. Key words: Sponsorship; Involvement-attraction; Involvement-centrality; Team attachment
The association between 3020INSC mutation in NOD2 gene and arterial stiffness in hypertensives

Summary Background The innate immune system elicits an inflammatory process which is believed to be involved in the development of vascular damage in hypertension. The NOD2 gene (CARD15) is involved in the control of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of the 3020insC mutation in the NOD2 gene in relation to vascular damage in hypertensives. Materials and methods In 466 hypertensives, genotyping for 3020insC mutation, cholesterol, serum creatinine, and echocardiography were carried out. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and pulse pressure (PP) were taken at 2–3 month intervals for one year and treated according to ESC/ESH guidelines. Results The 3020insC mutation was found in 7.08% of hypertensives and was associated with earlier onset of hypertension 48.2 ± 12.1 vs. 42.8 ± 10.9, p < 0.01 (age of pts). After one year of treatment, patients with the mutation had significantly higher SBP (138.48 ± 18.35 vs. 131.74 ± 14.97, p < 0.04) and PP (57.27 ± 14.04 vs. 52.70 ± 12.96, p < 0.04) than patients without the mutation, whereas the number of drugs was the same in both groups. Conclusions The results suggest that the 3020insC mutation is associated with earlier onset of hypertension and
Molecular Links between Erythrocyte Adhesion and Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus, Polycythemia Vera, Retinal Vascular Occlusion

Despite clinical and epidemiological studies quantitative and qualitative abnormalities red blood cell (RBC) role in thrombosis has been ignored. Abnormal interaction of RBCs with vascular endothelium has been demonstrated in diabetes mellitus, Polycythemia vera (PV) and retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) after the first description in sickle cell anemia. The molecular basis has been identified. In diabetes mellitus, glycation of RBC band 3 caused the ligation to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) present on endothelium. An abnormal Lu/BCAM (CD 239) expression in PV is responsible for the binding to endothelium annexin V. In RVO, RBC phosphatidylserine overexpression mediated the attachment to vascular laminin alpha-5 chain. Red blood cell binding altered the nonthrombotic properties of endothelium leading to thrombosis.
Dividend Policy In Indonesia State Owned Enterprises

This study is an explanatory study to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. As the dependent variable is the dividend payout ratio. Meanwhile, the independent variable is the variable that is measured by the growth of the company's capital expenditure ratio proxy, state ownership, firm size, profitability, cash flow, and the ratio of dividends last year as a control variable. The study uses panel data with a sample of 46 state-owned companies in the form of a limited liability company engaged non-financial sector with the financial period 2005-2009. The sample selection was purposive sampling that samples deposited SOE dividends during the study period. Hypothesis testing using a fixed-effect regression analysis models. As for overcoming heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation using the method of generalized least squares (GLS). The results found that the company's growth variables and firm characteristics variables simultaneously significant effect on dividend policy. To model the dividend policy, partial, variable capital expenditures, capital structure, firm size, and cash-flow negative and significant to dividend payout ratio, while profitability and state ownership variables having an positive and significant to dividend payout ratio. The study also found that non-listed state-owned companies have an average dividend payout ratio lower than the listed SOEs. Keyword: capital spending, sales growth, firm characteristics, fixed effects models, generalized least squares, recursive models, dividend policy, SOE ————————————————————
Effect of replacing soybean meal (Glycine max) with kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on egg quality parameter of white Leghorn layers

An experiment was undertaken in Haramaya University to find out the effect of replacing Soybean meal (SBM) by processed kidney bean (PKB) on egg quality parameters. To carry out the experiment, 180 white leghorn hens of similar initial body weight of 1121.17 g ± 24.92 and 6.5 months of age and 30 cocks were randomly distributed into five treatments using complete randomized design (CRD). Each treatment consisting 12 layers and 2 cocks was replicated three times. PKB replaced SBM at a rate of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The optimum amount of biological and economic level of SBM (26%) recommended in layers’ ration in the Haramaya University poultry farm was used as a basis of replacement. Three eggs per replicate or 9 eggs per treatment were collected every two weeks to assess egg shell weight, shell thickness, albumen weight and height, Haugh unit and egg yolk weight and color. All qualitative egg quality parameters were analyzed by general logistic regression model while all quantitative egg quality parameters were analyzed by general linear model. The results showed no significant eggshell weight, albumin height, albumin weight, yolk height, yolk weight, and yolk diameter and yolk index among treatments. Yolk color of the layers fed T5 was significantly yellow compared to groups offered T1 and T2. It is concluded that PKB can replace SBM up to 75% (195 g/kg) without adverse effect on egg quality. Key words: Egg weight, egg yolk, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color
Working Paper Series Dynamics and Labor Adjustments n : A Bayesian DSGE Approach

Many studies of inflation dynamics assume that in the presence of competitive labor markets firms adjust labor input only at the intensive margin. We consider labor market search and examine the role of the extensive margin for inflation dynamics by estimating three models with distinct labor adjustments. Our Bayesian estimation result shows that the model with only the extensive margin is superior to that with only the intensive one in terms of marginal likelihood. This suggests that the extensive margin may be more important for inflation dynamics in Japan. We also show that introducing the intensive margin into the extensive margin model further improves marginal likelihood. Moreover, we find that real marginal costs in these models with the extensive margin are highly correlated with the Bank of Japan’s estimates of the output gap. JEL classification: E24; E32; E37
Public Participation in Market-based Climate Policy: A Political Economy Perspective and the Cases of Japan and Germany

Due to the increasing threat of irreversible, dangerous global warming, effective climate policy is one of the most urgent political challenges. And as mitigation costs are going to increase even in the case of cost efficient measures, government action against global warming needs the sovereign’s support. So what is the role of public participation in modern market-based climate policy? Public Choice theory has been analyzing respective questions since the 1970s, mainly because economists’ recommendations for expanding the use of economic incentives had been ignored in practice. However, recently carbon taxes and cap-and-trade have been spreading, raising questions on the validity of Public Choice arguments anew. Against this background, in this paper I summarize Public Choice’s hypotheses on public participation in climate policy instrument choice, survey respective empirical studies, and add new case study data on carbon market decision making in Germany and Japan. I mainly argue, that public opinion will play an increasingly important role in effective and efficient climate policy, that political support by citizens becomes most effective via environmental groups’ activities, and that strengthening citizen participation calls for lowering information costs and for supporting the civil society. JEL classification: D62, D72, D73, Q48, Q54, Q58
The linear dependence of GHz scintillation on electron density observed in the equatorial anomaly

Abstract. The dependence of scintillation caused by equatorial bubbles on the electron density in the post sunset anomaly cannot generally be determined because the irregularities that produce the scintillation obscure the measurement of the electron density. This work addresses this problem with the introduction of a new technique based on the finding that anomaly electron density is so regular that its LT distribution can be fit by a polynomial over its post-sunset extent. By means of this polynomial, gaps in the data caused by the irregularities can be inferred where otherwise not measurable. Observations are of amplitude scintillation at 1.5 GHz from the Marisat satellite and of NmF2 measured by ionospheric soundings at Ascension I. in Mar 2001 during solar maximum. The result is that the well defined maximum of the S4 scintillation index is a linear function of coinciding NmF2. Evidence that supports this result has been found in 3 differing cases: The first finds that both S4 and NmF2 decrease linearly with LT; the second, that both occurrence of scintillation and NmF2 increase linearly with F10.7 cm solar flux; the third finds a linear relation between occurrence of scintillation at 137 MHz and NmF2. The importance of these results is that scintillation is caused by the bubble, but its magnitude is determined by the magnitude of the electron density that the bubble intersects. A further implication is that, given the unpredictability of bubbles, if NmF2 could be predicted, the maximum level of S4 possible could be predicted if a bubble were to occur.
From a spatial adposition to a grammatical relations marker: contact- and context-induced grammaticalization and their interaction

This paper is an investigation of grammatical relations marking that combines the advances of monolingual analysis with cross-linguistic comparison. It examines adpositions as grammatical relations markers and the linguistic change which leads to the rise of adpositional objects from freely insertable spatial adverbials. This study concentrates on the Finnish adposition peraan , ‘after’. An empirical monolingual corpus analysis shows that peraan as a grammatical relations marker is a productive device for argument linking in contemporary Finnish. In a cross-linguistic comparison, the properties of Swedish, German and Finnish adpositional objects with efter , nach and peraan , ‘after’, are studied with regard to the continuum between prototypical freely insertable adverbials and prototypical adpositional objects. A diachronic comparison, in turn, focuses on the development of adpositional objects from spatial adverbials and examines three alternative possibilities for peraan : native grammaticalization, contact-induced grammaticalization and the interaction of both language-internal and -external factors. http://dx.doi. org/10.5128/LV20.04
Irrational Exuberance and Herding in Financial Markets

In the context of a two-state, two-trader financial market herd model introduced by Avery and Zemsky (1998) we investigate how informational ambiguity in conjunction with waves of optimism and pessimism affect investor behavior, social learning and price dynamics. Without ambiguity, neither herding nor contrarianism is possible. If there is ambiguity and agents have invariant ambiguity preferences, only contrarianism is possible. If on the other hand ambiguity is high and traders become overly exuberant (or desperate) as the asset price surges (or plummets), we establish that investor herding may drive prices away from fundamentals with economically relevant probability.
The impact of different physical processes on the statistics of Lyman-limit and damped Lyman α absorbers

We compute the z = 3 neutral hydrogen column density distribution function f(NHI) for 19 simulations drawn from the Overwhelmingly Large Simulations project using a post-processing correction for self-shielding calculated with full radiative transfer of the ionizing background radiation. We investigate how different physical processes and parameters affect the abundance of Lyman-limit systems (LLSs) and damped Lyman α absorbers including: (i) metal-line cooling; (ii) the efficiency of feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei; (iii) the effective equation of state for the interstellar medium; (iv) cosmological parameters; (v) the assumed star formation law and (vi) the timing of hydrogen reionization. We find that the normalization and slope, D=dlog10f/dlog10NHI, of f(NHI) in the LLS regime are robust to changes in these physical processes. Among physically plausible models, f(NHI) varies by less than 0.2 dex and D varies by less than 0.18 for LLSs. This is primarily due to the fact that these uncertain physical processes mostly affect star-forming gas which contributes less than 10 per cent to f(NHI) in the LLS column density range. At higher column densities, variations in f(NHI) become larger (approximately 0.5 dex at f(NHI) = 1022 cm-2 and 1.0 dex at f(NHI) = 1022 cm-2) and molecular hydrogen formation also becomes important. Many of these changes can be explained in the context of self-regulated star formation in which the amount of star-forming gas in a galaxy will adjust such that outflows driven by feedback balance inflows due to accretion. Tools to reproduce all figures in this work can be found at the following url: https://bitbucket.org/galtay/hi-cddf-owls-1
Exploring the construct of school readiness based on child development for kindergarten children

Indonesian government has regulated that the basic age of readiness of a child to attend elementary schools is 7 years old. In fact, some children are not exactly 7 years old when they first go to school because they develop more rapidly. This study is aimed at investigating some aspects of child development which affect their readiness to attend elementary school. The subjects were 101 grade 1, 2, and 3 teachers of elementary schools in Yogyakarta, a special Region in Indonesia. The data were collected through interviews. The results of the data collection were analyzed using both descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results of the study show some aspects of child development affecting their readiness to attend elementary schools, including cognitive and language ability, social emotional skills, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, arts, religion and moral values, and some others. Beside these aspects, some problems in grades 1, 2, and 3 are also found. This study is expected to give significant indicators to create the construct of school readiness.
Variable Exponent Lebesgue Spaces on Metric Spaces: The Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Operator

In this article we introduce variable exponent Lebesgue spaces on metric measure spaces and consider a central tool in geometric analysis: the HardyLittlewood maximal operator. We show that the maximal operator is bounded provided the variable exponent satisfies a log-Hölder type estimate. This condition is known to be essentially sharp in real Euclidean space, however, we show that this is not so in metric spaces.
Cognitive Load Increases Risk Aversion

We investigate how stable individuals’ risk attitudes are with respect to changes in cognitive load. In a laboratory experiment using pairwise lottery choice and a within-subject design, we showthat putting subjects under load via a concurrent working-memory task significantly increases their risk aversion. Subjects made significantly faster choices under load. Regardless of load, they responded faster when choosing the less risky option in safe–risky trials, but not in risky–risky trials. We discuss how these findings relate to both dual-system and unitarysystem theories of decision making.We observe that predictions of both recent dual-system and drift–diffusion models of the decision-making process are confirmed by our data and argue for a convergence of these to-date separate strands of the literature.