Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-level summertime isoprene observed at a forested mountaintop site in southern China: implications for strong regional atmospheric oxidative capacity

Abstract. To investigate the atmospheric oxidative capacity (AOC) in forested high mountain areas adjacent to the photochemistry-active Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China, one-month online observations of isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) were conducted at a national background station in Nanling Mountains in summer 2016. The results showed that the observed daytime isoprene levels (377±46 pptv) were significantly lower in comparison with other forest sites within and outside China, although the sampling site was surrounded with subtropical evergreen broad-leaved trees which are strong isoprene emitters. Also, high daytime (MVK + MACR) ∕ isoprene ratios (1.9±0.5) were observed. Based on the observations, we hypothesized that the lower isoprene levels in the study forest might be attributable to a strong AOC in relation to the elevated regional complex air pollution. In further data analyses, high site-level concentrations of daytime OH (7.3±0.5×106 molecules cm−3) and nighttime NO3 radicals (6.0±0.5×108 molecules cm−3) were estimated by using a photochemical box model incorporating the master chemical mechanism (PBM-MCM), and high regional mixing ratios of OH (19.7±2.3×106 molecules cm−3) during 09:00–15:00 LT were also obtained by applying a parameterization method with measured aromatic hydrocarbons. And besides, high initial mixing ratios (1213±108 pptv) and short atmospheric reaction time (0.27 h) of isoprene during the day were derived by a sequential reaction approach. All these indicate that isoprene was rapidly and highly oxidized in this forest, which supports our hypothesis. The study suggests that the complex air pollution in the PRD may have significantly elevated the background AOC of the adjacent forests, and probably affects the regional air quality and ecological environment in the long term. The feedback of forest ecosystems to the increasing AOC in southern China warrants further studies.
Does the Unemployment Invariance Hypothesis Hold for Canada?

This article explores the long-run relationship between unemployment rate and labor force participation rate in Canada. The cointegration analysis vindicates the existence of a long-run relationship between these two variables. This finding leads us to doubt the pertinence of the unemployment invariance hypothesis for Canada. This is consistent with the empirical studies for Japan, Sweden and the United States, but contradicts the empirical studies for Australia, Romania and Turkey. There are contradictory studies for the United Kingdom.
An Efficient Prediction Model for Water Discharge in Schoharie Creek, NY

Flooding normally occurs during periods of excessive precipitation or thawing in the winter period (ice jam). Flooding is typically accompanied by an increase in river discharge. This paper presents a statistical model for the prediction and explanation of the water discharge time series using an example from the Schoharie Creek, New York (one of the principal tributaries of the Mohawk River). It is developed with a view to wider application in similar water basins. In this study a statistical methodology for the decomposition of the time series is used. The Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter is used for the decomposition of the hydrological and climatic time series into the seasonal and the long and the short term component. We analyze the time series of the water discharge by using a summer and a winter model. The explanation of the water discharge has been improved up to 81%. The results show that as water discharge increases in the long term then the water table replenishes, and in the seasonal term it depletes. In the short term, the groundwater drops during the winter period, and it rises during the summer period. This methodology can be applied for the prediction of the water discharge at multiple sites.
Meaningless and ambiguous differentiation: considering their relative value using random utility theory and signalling theory

Traditional product differentiation occurs when consumers are offered something that is relevant and of perceived value. In contrast, some empirical evidence suggests success is achievable by offering a feature that has ambiguous value or revealed to be of meaningless value. Previous assessments of such strategies only consider the overall rating of a single differentiated product. However, we argue that feature differentiation strategies should be assessed in environments where the relative value of the feature is considered and compared to trade-offs made on competing features (e.g., price). A theoretical model and experimental approach based on random utility theory and signalling theory is offered. We find meaningless differentiation is meaningless; however, ambiguous differentiation may be successful if contextual signals (e.g., premium pricing; uniqueness) are diagnostic and consistent in suggesting its value.
Growth of folds in a deep-water setting

Regional 3D seismic data of the deep-water area offshore NW Borneo provide a detailed picture of the interaction between sedimentary processes on a continental slope and the growth of major folds over a time period of ca. 3.5–5 Ma. In the deep-water area, the estimated rates of fold propagation of tens of mm/yr −1 , shortening rates of mm/yr −1 , and fold segment lengths of tens of kilometers indicate the studied folds are similar in scale and deformation rate to folds in orogenic belts such as the Zagros Mountains and Himalayas. Feedbacks between sediment dispersal patterns, anticline growth, and structural style are manifested in many ways, and are enhanced by the presence of weak, poorly lithified, synkinematic sediments at fold crests that undergo mass wasting as the fold grows. As folds tighten they range in geometry through simple folds—folds affected by crestal normal faults, folds with crestal normal faults and rotational slides, and folds with forelimb degradation complexes and pronounced erosional unconformities. The unconformity surfaces are either elongate parallel to the fold axes (related to local mass wasting) or perpendicular (related to flows crossing the anticlines). Mass wasting processes in the study area that are large in scale compared with folds (i.e., giant landslides) have modified anticline shape by erosion, and are little affected by anticline topography. More commonly, gravity flows are relatively small compared with the anticlines, and transport pathways are influenced by anticline surface topography. The factors influencing sediment pathway changes during anticline growth include: proximal to distal propagation of folds, lateral propagation of folds, and changing locations of fold growth with time. Assuming an overall consistency in sediment supply, local relative changes in sediment supply to individual piggyback basins are defined by relative changes in sediment supply (generally increasing with time) with respect to growth in anticline amplitude. Such changes may be due to sediment infilling of depressions farther updip and prograding downslope with time or to changes in rate of deformation with time. Initial sediment pathways were predominantly subparallel to growing faults. As folds matured, canyons and channels exploited low points (e.g., fold linkage or intersection points) or weak points (e.g., mud pipes) on folds to initiate transverse channel systems. At a late stage, transverse channels carved up the once long and linear surface ridges into isolated segments.
Multimodal Human-Robot Interactions: the Neurorehabilitation of Severe Autistic Children

In the context of human-robot interactions, we studied quantitatively and qualitatively the interaction between autistic children and a mobile toy robot during free spontaneous game play. A range of cognitive nonverbal criteria including eye contact, touch, manipulation, and posture were analysed, firstly in a dyadic interaction and secondly in a triadic interaction. Once the cognitive state between the child and the robot established, the child interacts with a third person displaying positive emotion. Both dyadic and triadic interactions of autistic children and a mobile toy robot suggest that the mobile toy robot in an ecological situation such as free, spontaneous game play could be used as a neural mediator in order to improve children's brain activity. Keywords-multimodal interactions ; severe autism ; mobile toy robot ; spontaneous free game play ; neural mediator.
Unexpected patterns of global population structure in melon-headed whales Peponocephala electra

Foraging specialization, environmental barriers, and social structure have driven the development of strong genetic differentiation within many marine species, including most of the large dolphin species commonly referred to as ‘blackfish’ (subfamily Globicephalinae). We used mitochondrial sequence data (mtDNA) and genotypes from 14 nuclear microsatellite loci (nDNA) to examine patterns of genetic population structure in melon-headed whales Peponocephala electra (MHWs), poorly known members of the blackfish family for which genetic structuring is unknown. MHWs are globally distributed in tropical and subtropical waters, and have formed resident populations around oceanic islands. They frequently mass strand, suggesting strong social cohesion within groups. Based on these characteristics, we hypothesized that MHWs would exhibit strong regional genetic differentiation, similar to that observed in other members of the Globicephalinae subfamily. Instead we found only moderate differentiation (median mtDNA ΦST = 0.204, median nDNA FST = 0.012) among populations both within and between ocean basins. Our results suggest that populations of MHWs that are resident to oceanic islands maintain a higher level of genetic connectivity than is seen in most other blackfish. MHWs may be more behaviorally similar to delphinids from the Delphininae subfamily (particularly the spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris), which are known to form coastal and island-associated resident populations that maintain genetic connectivity either through occasional long-distance dispersal or gene flow with larger pelagic populations. Our results suggest that differences in social organization may drive different patterns of population structure in social odontocetes.
Effect of a period of exercise during pregnancy on certain delivery parameters

Scientific advancements, especially in medicine, have minimized pregnancy discomforts and delivery risks. However, pregnant women are always concerned with delivery and associated discomforts. This may be one of the reasons for the large number of Caesarean section in Iran. One of the methods for making delivery easier is to prepare the mother through exercises. Due to the importance of delivery, the present research is carried out to examine the effect of a period of physical exercise on certain delivery parameter such as the duration of the first (active) and second stages of labor, type of delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery, and birth weight. This study was ex post facto or causal-comparative. The subjects were 55 healthy, primiparous women who were randomly assigned to an experimental group ( = 25) and a control group ( = 30). The training protocol involved aerobic, strengthening, and stretching exercises for 30-60 minutes, 2 days per week, and 22 weeks, beginning from the 14thweek of pregnancy. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro's test were applied to examine the normal distribution of the data. Also t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test were applied for data analysis at the 0.05 significance level. The results showed that the first stage of labor was significantly shorter in the experimental group than the control group. Moreover, frequency of Caesarean section significantly decreased in the experimental group. However, there were no significant differences between these groups in duration of the second stage of labor, frequency of instrumental vaginal delivery, and birth weight. Based on the results, performing a set of exercises during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy decreases the duration of the first stage of labor and the frequency of Caesarean section. It is thus recommended that medical centers invest on training courses with the proposed protocol to reduce some of the problems associated with childbirth.
'African' Tone in the Sinosphere *

Linguists often refer to tonal languages as belonging to ‘types’ ─ African, East Asian, etc. This paper documents the tonal system of the Mianchi dialect of Southern Qiang, a Tibeto-Burman language located squarely in the East Asian tone environment. Although tone has developed in Southern Qiang under heavy influence from Chinese, the tone system found in Mianchi fits an ‘African’ typology much better than it does a ‘Chinese’ or ‘East Asian’ type. The degrees of African-ness and Chinese-ness are evaluated, and African-style features are shown to be lurking throughout the Qiangic family. Similarities of word structure and word length between African and Qiangic languages are held responsible for the similarities.
Designing Experimental Auctions for Marketing Research: The Effect of Values, Distributions, and Mechanisms on Incentives for Truthful Bidding

Accurately estimating consumer preferences for new products is an arduous task made difficult by the fact that individuals tend to exhibit a number of biases when answering hypothetical survey questions. Experimental auctions have advantages over conventional methods of estimating consumer preferences because they provide incentives for consumers to truthfully reveal their preferences. However, there is currently little information available to determine which mechanism to select among the class of incentive compatible mechanisms. In this paper, we provide insight into the theoretical properties of several incentive compatible value elicitation mechanisms including the Becker, DeGroot, Marschak (BDM) mechanism, Vickrey nth price auctions, and the random nth price auction. In particular, we draw attention to the shapes of the payoff functions and illustrate that the mechanisms differ with respect to the expected cost of deviating from truthful bidding. We show that incentives for truthful bidding depend on the distribution of competing bidders' values and/or prices and individuals' true values for a good. Our approach can be viewed as a diagnostic tool to aid in selecting between preference elicitation mechanisms.
Nonequilibrium electron spectroscopy of Luttinger liquids

We theoretically study a Luttinger liquid ! LL" driven out of equilibrium by injection of high-energy electrons. The electrons are injected into the LL locally at a fixed energy and their spectral properties are detected at another spatial point some distance away by evaluating the average tunneling current from the LL into a resonant level with tunable energy. For energies slightly below the injection energy, the dependence of the detected current on the difference between injection, and detection energies is described by a power law whose exponent depends continuously on the Luttinger parameter. In contrast, for tunneling into a chiral LL edge of a fractional quantum-Hall state from the Laughlin sequence, we find that the detected current grows linearly with energy difference, despite a decreasing density of states.
Development of INS-Aided GPS Tracking Loop and Flight Test Evaluation

Robust tracking of a GNSS signal in a harsh environment such as a severe ionospheric scintillation is a challenge for the civil aviation. The use of an inertial sensor would improve the tracking performance since the Doppler frequency caused by aircraft dynamics could be compensated by the inertial measurements. In order to evaluate such an aiding, an INS aided GPS tracking loop is developed by using a software receiver, and a preliminary flight test is conducted. A navigation grade INS tightly-coupled with GPS as well as a low-cost MEMS INS loosely-coupled with GPS are installed to provide aiding information. In addition, two GPS front end units with different clock (TCXO and OCXO) are installed to collect digitized IF data. Off-line analyses during aircraft take-off show that the noise band width in tracking loop can be reduced to three hertz by the aiding. Also, the Doppler aiding by a low-cost MEMS INS shows a similar performance with the aiding by a navigation grade INS.
Tidal stripping and the structure of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group

The shallow faint-end slope of the galaxy mass function is usually reproduced in Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) galaxy formation models by assuming that the fraction of baryons that turn into stars drops steeply with decreasing halo mass and essentially vanishes in haloes with maximum circular velocities Vmax < 20–30 km s−1. Dark-matter-dominated dwarfs should therefore have characteristic velocities of about that value, unless they are small enough to probe only the rising part of the halo circular velocity curve (i.e. half-mass radii, r1/2 ≪ 1 kpc). Many dwarfs have properties in disagreement with this prediction: they are large enough to probe their halo Vmax but their characteristic velocities are well below 20 km s−1. These ‘cold faint giants’ (an extreme example is the recently discovered Crater 2 Milky Way satellite) can only be reconciled with our ΛCDM models if they are the remnants of once massive objects heavily affected by tidal stripping. We examine this possibility using the APOSTLE cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the Local Group. Assuming that low-velocity-dispersion satellites have been affected by stripping, we infer their progenitor masses, radii, and velocity dispersions, and find them in remarkable agreement with those of isolated dwarfs. Tidal stripping also explains the large scatter in the mass discrepancy–acceleration relation in the dwarf galaxy regime: tides remove preferentially dark matter from satellite galaxies, lowering their accelerations below the amin ∼ 10−11 m s−2 minimum expected for isolated dwarfs. In many cases, the resulting velocity dispersions are inconsistent with the predictions from Modified Newtonian Dynamics, a result that poses a possibly insurmountable challenge to that scenario.
Faculty Perceptions of Adult Learner Experiences in the Classroom: A National Comparison Between Part-Time and Full-Time Faculty at Community Colleges

The purpose of this quantitative study was to compare full and part-time community college faculty perceptions to a question set forth in the 2012 national Community College Faculty Survey of Student Engagement (CCFSSE) study of the degree to which adult student life experiences contribute to (a) learning effectively on their own and (b) understanding themselves. Higher education institutions are facing challenging times due to education budgets bring slashed, increasing diverse student populations, more parttime faculty being hired and reduced resources for professional development. The qualities of effective educational practices including teaching styles within community colleges are a critical component of learning campaigns. Educational institutions across the country are seeking alternatives to improving teaching styles of faculty to meet the growing needs of a diverse student population. The results of the study suggest that both full and part-time faculty at community colleges would benefit from exposure to effective educational practices such as learner-centered instructional practices. The real story that emerges from the research was the need for increased professional development for all faculty groups at community colleges. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Janice Kelly Second Supervisor Byron Hargrove Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/129 Faculty Perceptions of Adult Learner Experiences in the Classroom: A National Comparison Between Part-Time and Full-Time Faculty at Community Colleges
Behavior of anchored walls in soils overlying rock in Stockholm

The deformations of retained soil and retaining walls are of importance for the design of a deep excavation in soft soils. The beneficial influence of bedrock underlying the soils on the behavior of the retaining wall needs proper evaluation. This contribution shows a case study on deep excavation in soft soils overlying bedrock at the South Link tunnel project in Stockholm. The behaviors of sheet pile walls and retained soils at the South Link show that both lateral displacement and settlement are larger than the magnitude from similar case histories. Exemplified by a test section, the features of lateral displacement are analyzed with monitoring and PLAXIS simulating results. The analysis results indicate that the displacement mainly takes place during the upper excavations in a section and the beneficial influence of bedrock may be overshadowed by the low strength of soils, where depth of the excavation bottom to bedrock is larger than the excavation depth.
PCCP Guidelines for Referees

Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. Accepted Manuscript
Novel Therapy of Relapsed and Refractory Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is generally considered a highly curable disease, with approximately 80 % of patients cured with standard first-line chemotherapy. The standard treatment approach for relapsed/refractory patients is second-line salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). About half of all patients undergoing ASCT are rescued and definitely cured by such an approach, but the outcome in patients relapsing or refractory to second-line chemotherapy and ASCT is dismal, with a median survival of less than three years. Therapeutic options for this subset of patients comprise tandem ASCT, reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and novel agents. Median overall and progression-free survival rates following allo-SCT have ranged from 27 to 56 % and from 18 to 39 %, respectively, with a treatment-related mortality ranging from 15 to 25 %. Several new compounds have been identified as promising agents for the treatment of patients with relapsed classical HL. These drugs have shown promising activity in a subset of heavily pre-treated relapsed/refractory patients, with response rates and disease control rates exceeding 40 and 70 %. If approved, these compounds will probably change the standard of care, making it possible to develop combination regimens with chemotherapy or other new agents, thus improving efficacy with a decreased toxicity profile.