Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the kinematics of the 44 Ti ejecta of Cassiopeia A from INTEGRAL/SPI

Context. The medium-lived 44Ti isotope is synthesised by explosive Si-burning in core-collapse supernovae. It is extremely sensitive to the dynamics of the explosion and therefore can be used to indirectly probe the explosion scenario. The young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A is to date the only source of gamma-ray lines from 44Ti decay. The emission flux has been measured by CGRO/COMPTEL, BeppoSAX/PDS and INTEGRAL/IBIS. Aims. The high-resolution spectrometer SPI on-board the INTEGRAL satellite can provide spectrometric information about the emission. The line profiles reflect the kinematics of the 44Ti in Cassiopeia A and can thus place constraints on its nucleosynthesis and potentially on the associated explosion process. Methods. Using 4 years of data from INTEGRAL/SPI, we have searched for the gamma-ray signatures from the decay of the 44Ti isotope. The overwhelming instrumental background noise required an accurate modelling and a solid assessment of the systematic errors in the analysis. Results. Due to the strong variability of the instrumental background noise, it has not been possible to extract the two lines at 67.9 and 78.4 keV. Regarding the high-energy line at 1157.0 keV, no significant signal is seen in the 1140–1170 keV band, thereby suggesting that the line signal from Cassiopeia A is broadened by the Doppler effect. From our spectrum, we derive a ∼500 km s−1 lower limit at 2σ on the expansion velocity of the 44Ti ejecta. Conclusions. Our result does not allow us to constrain the location of 44Ti since the velocities involved throughout the remnant, derived from optical and X-ray studies, are all far above our lower limit.
A leadership styles competency framework for governing bodies in sport

National Governing Bodies in Sport in the United Kingdom increasingly implement the Regional Development Managers Scheme in the quest to promote effective leadership within their organisations. Regional Development Managers need professional leadership development. However, much of what has been done in this regard falls drastically short. Leadership development has been too vague, outdated and theoretical. It has rarely been tied to an organisation’s immediate needs, nor has it adequately prepared leaders for the challenges of the future. An approach to leadership development programmes that combines theoretical concepts with opportunities to apply observable behaviours is required. The 21st century demands a new kind of leader with relevant skills. Action learning is effective in developing leaders because it is adaptable and flexible. In this investigation, 58 Regional Development Officers were asked to rate the leadership styles of Regional Development Managers on the Leadership Style Inventory (LSI). In turn, 18 Regional Development Managers were asked to report on the same questionnaire their own leadership styles. According to Regional Development Officers, the two leadership styles mostly displayed by Regional Development Managers (according to behavioural rating) are the coaching and democratic styles. Regional Development Managers deemed the affiliative and democratic styles to be the mostly used. The findings of this study, together with relevant literature, are used to propose a Leadership Styles Competency Framework for Governing Bodies in Sport.
Wave propagation through an assembly of spheres: IV. Relations between different multiple scattering theories

The exact determinantal equation satisfied by the coherent wave vector in a statistically defined medium of spherical scatterers, which was obtained by Lloyd in III of this series of papers, is used to show two things. First, the determinant can be written as an infinite series similar to that obtained by ordinary resummation methods, except that it does not involve elements of the T matrix off the energy shell. Secondly, the first two terms of the series are specialized to the case of point scatterers which are uncorrelated except for an infinitesimal sphere of exclusion about each of them, and the results found to disagree with those of other calculations; this discrepancy is clarified. The formalism is generalized to deal with vector waves, and it is shown that, for electric dipole scattering, the simplest approximations to the functions appearing in the determinant lead to the Lorentz-Lorenz law.
Corporate social responsibility disclosures and board structure: evidence from Malaysia

Corporate governance is a critical element in driving excellence in corporate social responsibility (CSR). One of the important cornerstones of corporate governance is board of directors. Thus, this study attempts to examine the effect of this board structure on corporate social responsibility disclosures of public listed companies in Malaysia. Data for the study was collected using secondary source. CSR disclosure index was developed in an attempt to examine the CSR disclosure in the four dimensions as specified by the Bursa Malaysia. The four dimensions are environmental, community, workplace and marketplace. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. The result shows that managerial ownership is significant and negatively influences the CSR disclosure in Malaysian listed companies. The other board variables appear to have the expected direction of the hypotheses, but are not significant.
Modeling the processing of interstellar ices by energetic particles

Context. Interstellar ice is the main form of metal species in dark molecular clouds. Experiments and observations have shown that the ice is significantly processed after the freeze-out of molecules onto grains. The processing is caused by cosmic-ray particles and cosmic-ray-induced UV photons. These transformations are included in current astrochemical models only to a very limited degree. Aims. We aim to establish a model of the "cold" chemistry in interstellar ices and to evaluate its general impact on the composition of interstellar ices. Methods. The ice was treated as consisting of two layers - the surface and the mantle (or subsurface) layer. Subsurface chemical processes are described with photodissociation of ice species and binary reactions on the surfaces of cavities inside the mantle. Hydrogen atoms and molecules can diffuse between the layers. We also included deuterium chemistry. Results. The modeling results show that the content of chemically bound H is reduced in subsurface molecules by about 30 % on average. This promotes the formation of more hydrogen-poor species in the ice. The enrichment of ice molecules with deuterium is significantly reduced by the subsurface processes. On average, it follows the gas-phase atomic D-to-H abundance ratio, with a delay. The delay produced by the model is on the order of several Myr. Conclusions. The processing of ice may place new constraints on the production of deuterated species on grains. In a mantle with a two-layer structure the upper layer (CO) should be processed substantially more intensively than the lower layer (H2O). Chemical explosions in interstellar ice might not be an important process. They destroy the structure of the mantle, which forms over long timescales. Besides, ices may lack the high radical content needed for the explosions.
Comprehensive Study of a Handheld Raman Spectrometer for the Analysis of Counterfeits of Solid-Dosage Form Medicines

The fight against medicine counterfeiting is a current focus of the pharmaceutical world. Reliable analytical tools are needed to pursue the counterfeiters. Handheld devices present the advantage of providing quick results, with analyses possibly performed on the field. A large number of solid-dosage form medicines have been analyzed with a handheld Raman spectrometer. 33 out of 39 product families could be successfully analysed. The methods were validated with 100% of correct identification. Each product was additionally tested by the methods of the other products and successfully rejected. A second validation was performed using counterfeits, placebos, and generics. All the counterfeits were rejected, with values close to zero. Some generics presented a similar formulation to the brand products and were then identified as such. One placebo was positively identified, showing that low dosage products are difficult to analyze with Raman. Robustness tests were carried out, showing, for instance, that the operator has no influence on the results and that the analyses might be performed through transparent packaging. The discovery mode was also investigated, which proposes the chemical composition of the samples. The results demonstrated that the Raman handheld device is a reliable tool for the field analysis of counterfeits.
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE COUVIN FORMATION (EIFELIAN, SOUTH WESTERN BELGIUM): CARBONATE PLATFORM INITIATION IN A HOSTILE WORLD

The Eifelian of Belgium is mainly characterised by a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentation on a ramp profile. In this context, the Couvin Formation is the more important and remarkable exception. It represents a carbonate platform initiation in a hostile environment. This work is mainly based on the stratotype, corresponding to two stratigraphic sections located in Couvin, along the southern border of the Dinant Synclinorium. These sections are the Eau Noire and Falaise de l'Abime sections. Unfortunately, they are discontinuous. To allow a better understanding of the sedimentary dynamics, the data are complemented by a shorter but continuous section located in Villers-la-Tour (3.5 km West of Chimay). Petrographic study leads to the definition of 14 microfacies which are integrated in a palaeogeographical model. It corresponds to a platform setting where the reef complex is mainly constituted by an accumulation of crinoids, stromatoporoids and tabulate corals. The microfacies evolution is interpreted in terms of bathymetrical variations. It shows a general shallowing-upward trend encompassing the vertical succession of fore-reef settings, reef development, back-reef and then lagoon environment. This interpretation is supported by trends in mean magnetic susceptibility data, providing a better understanding of the sedimentary dynamics. Moreover, these data show positive correlation with concentrations of detritic minerals, but an inverse relationship with well washed skeletal limestones. The comparison of the three studied sections leads to considerations concerning the lateral variability in the Couvin Formation indicating more agitated conditions in the Abime Member in Villers-le-Tour section.
Carbon stock and dynamics in a managed forest in Central Amazon

The Amazon forest has been in evidence in global discussions about their role in control of global climate change, both by the ability to emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere via burning or thinning, how to absorb carbon from the atmosphere by through the growth of the stand. This study analyzed data from a forest managed in 1987, in Manaus/AM. This work aimed to study the carbon stock and dynamics. The forest inventories were conducted in 15 hectares of permanent plots. The average rates of recruitment were 4.9%, 4.8%, 3.7% and 5% for control treatments and logging of 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3, respectively, and the average mortality rates were 3.1%, 6%, 4.8% and 6.7%, for control treatments and logging of 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3, respectively. The basal area (23.1 m 2 ha -1 in 2005, 23.6 m 2 ha -1 in 2007 and 23.7 m 2 ha -1 in 2010), the volume (345 m 3 ha -1 in 2005, 351.3 m 3 ha -1 in 2007 and 353.7 m 3 ha -1 in 2010) and the carbon content (149.2 t ha -1 in 2005, 151.8 t ha -1 in 2007 and 152.6 t ha -1 in 2010) increased in all measurements. However, the statistical difference between these values was not significant, so it was concluded that the forest was in equilibrium with the atmosphere during the period evaluated. A comparison of the carbon stock of the years measured with the stock pre-exploratory, in 1986, showed that in 2010 the carbon stock equaled the content before logging, meaning the forest recovery. found higher increment values in diameter, as expected in relation to a non-managed area. The values ranged from 2 cm year -1 , for pioneer species, to 0.1 cm year -1 , for some brushwood species. The same happened with the increments in volume. Research conducted by Higuchi et al. (1997), in the same region of study, describe the growth and the development of a forest, ten years after the selective exploitation of wood. The results showed that the increments in trade volume with bark were: 5.57 m 3 ha -1 year -1 for exploitation of light intensity (DBH ≥ 55 cm); 4.45 m 3 ha -1 year -1 for mean exploitation (DBH ≥ 50 cm); and 5.75 m 3 ha -1 year -1 for heavy exploitation (DBH ≥ 40 cm). In the unmanaged area, the PAI was 2.82 m 3 ha -1 year -1 . As well as in the study of Silva et al. (1996), for trade species (including only species locally and nationally commercialized and with DBH ≥ 50 cm), the increase was 1 m 3 ha -1 year -1 . In the region of Santarém/PA, Silva et al. (1996) also obtained higher increment values, 7 and 13 years after exploitation. In these areas, the periodic annual increments in volume ranged from 1.6 m 3 ha -1 year -1 in primary forest to 4.8 m 3 ha -1 year -1 in managed forest. A possible explanation for these results is that Silva et al. (1996) and Higuchi et al. (1997) evaluated the forests about a decade after the exploitation, when they were showing higher growth due to the intervention carried out. The forests studied in the present study were evaluated 23 years after the management, when a balance in its growth process is expected, approaching the rates presented by primary forest.
TBX3 Role in Colorectal Cancer Treatment

The T-box family of developmentally important transcription factors has been shown to play a role in the genesis of cancer and shows much promise for a targeted therapeutic approach. For example, the T-box factor TBX3 is overexpressed in a number of cancers including colorectal cancer but its precise role in the treatment of this disease still need to be clarified. We provide novel evidence to show that knocking down TBX3 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin treatment.
A review of the South Pacific albacore troll fishery 1985-1992

Information on the South Pacific albacore troll fishery has been accumulated since 1985 through a combination of exploratory fishing, high seas tagging and observer programmes. Over 4,000 daily fishing records were used to describe trends in this fishery. Median daily catches per vessel in the Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ) and around Australia and New Zealand (AUNZ) during 1991—92 were 125 and 39 respectively, and highest catches were 1,544-d" and 812-d respectively. Average CPUE during 1991—92 were 51.2 and 18.9 per 100 line-hours for both regions respectively. Catch rates in the STCZ were consistently higher than in the AUNZ. The 1991—92 STCZ catch rates were the lowest on record, and were -60 per cent of the level obtained during the peak season of 1986—87. Albacore caught in the STCZ tended to be larger than those caught in the AUNZ. The size composition of the albacore catch exhibited up to three distinct modes in some seasons. On average, 24 per cent of the albacore hooked were lost prior to being hauled aboard. On average, seven per cent of the albacore caught were discarded, mainly because of bad injuries or small size (<57 cm). The number of albacore examined that exhibited net marks during 1991—92 was negligible, which reflected the cessation of gillnet fishing activity.
The Debate of Written Corrective Feedback: What to do And Where to Go

This article presents the debate of written direct CF (WCF) stated by the previous studies. Being a controversial issue leads written CF into two different positions: that written CF is plausible for ESL and EFL learners (Bitchener et al, 2005; Bitchener, 2008; Bitchener & Knoch, 2008, 2009, 2010; Bruton, 2007, 2009; Chandler, 2003; Lee, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c; Montgomery & Baker, 2007; Lundstrom & Baker, 2009; Vasquez & Harvey, 2010; Evans et al., 2010) or that it does not contribute significantly for ESL and EFL learners (Truscott & Hsu, 2008; Bruton, 2007). Through the debate, there are two queries revealed: what to do and where to go. Finally, it can be concluded that an effort to assist learners in improving their accuracy of ESL and EFL writing has to be conducted by a teacher, and CF is one of the alternative techniques among others to make the learning outcome better. Moreover, both local and global aspects are to be checked and treated proportionally meaning the written CF should not only concern local aspects but also global aspects. Later, it would be better to evaluate the long term effect of providing WCF on other occasions (a month or a semester after WCF is given). Keywords: Written Direct CF, Indirect CF
Export Barriers of Small Firms in Turkey: A Study of Ankara-Ivedik Industrial District

This paper examines the export barriers of small firms in Turkey and empirically tests a set of rela-tionships between some critical factors and the export status of firms. The study identifies six factors such as firm size and age, technology level, CEO age, the number of formal meetings and participation in the international fairs. In the light of the data, the export problems are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.
A comprehensive organic nitrate chemistry: insights into the lifetime of atmospheric organic nitrates

Abstract. Organic nitrate chemistry is the primary control over the lifetime of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in rural and remote continental locations. As NOx emissions decrease, organic nitrate chemistry becomes increasingly important to urban air quality. However, the lifetime of individual organic nitrates and the reactions that lead to their production and removal remain relatively poorly constrained, causing organic nitrates to be poorly represented by models. Guided by recent laboratory and field studies, we developed a detailed gas-phase chemical mechanism representing most of the important individual organic nitrates. We use this mechanism within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to describe the role of organic nitrates in nitrogen oxide chemistry and in comparisons to observations. We find the daytime lifetime of total organic nitrates with respect to all loss mechanisms to be 2.6 h in the model. This is consistent with analyses of observations at a rural site in central Alabama during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer 2013. The lifetime of the first-generation organic nitrates is ∼2 h versus the 3.2 h lifetime of secondary nitrates produced by oxidation of the first-generation nitrates. The different generations are subject to different losses, with dry deposition to the surface being the dominant loss process for the second-generation organic nitrates and chemical loss being dominant for the first-generation organic nitrates. Removal by hydrolysis is found to be responsible for the loss of ∼30 % of the total organic nitrate pool.
Biodegradable polymer composites based on brazilian lignocellulosic

Use of eco friendly and energy saving biomaterials and processes have enabled to overcome the effects of growing urbanization and population along with increasing agro-industrial wastes. This has led to a new approach to the industrial design of products and processes along with the implementation of sustainable manufacturing strategies to "optimize the total material cycle from virgin material to finished material, to component, to product, to waste product and to ultimate disposal". Developing countries such as Brazil possess abundantly available but underutilized biomaterial resources, which may possibly give excellent opportunities for scientists to discover methods for their better utilization. This talk presents attempts made so far on the developments of biodegradable composites based on biomaterials of Brazil, with details on their processing matrix-reinforcement combinations, morphology properties and market. Some results of the studies carried out by the author and his colleagues at UFPR-Curitiba are also included.
Discipline-Based Art Education in Secondary Classrooms

An interesting paradox attends current discussion of discipline-based art education. On the one hand the comment is heard that, "this is nothing new, the ideas have been around for decades. " On the other hand is the remark that "DBAE is present in theory, but can it be accomplished in the classroom? " Salome (1987) asked, "Where can I find descriptions of application of DBAE programs, and analysis of results that prove they work? Are there any research reports that translate DBAE theory into classroom practice? " (p. 67). He pointed out that, although theoretical articles about the discipline-based approach detail characteristics such as the requirement for a balanced art curriculum derived from aesthetics, art criticism, art history, and art production, and integration of this content for instruction, more papers are needed that "describe classroom application of DBAE curricula". He wrote that "there has been no widely distributed data describing successful, DBAE programs," and that there is a need to "compare the achievements of students in DBAE and non-DBAE programs" (p. 67). Because the term, discipline-based art education, is so recent in the literature (Greer, 1984), Salome's statement is accurate, but it does not take into consideration earlier studies of art programs that exhibited essential characteristics of DBAE. In this paper I will discuss two earlier studies that reported results of integrated instruction compared with traditional programs (Day, 1969, 1976) and provide additional descriptions of the "classroom applications" that resulted in student achievement. I will refer also to a study commissioned by the Getty Center for Education in the Arts in "search for school districts that are developing art education programs that include art production, art history, and art criticism. " (Duke, 1984). This study yielded "rich and vivid accounts of how art specialists and general classroom teachers are practicing discipline-based art education" (p. v). The reports will be discussed in relation to these recurring questions: 1. How is DBAE applied at the secondary level (junior high, middle, and senior high schools)? 2. Does the academic DBAE approach result in programs of instruction that lack excitement? 3. Does quality of students' art production decrease when a balanced art curriculum is implemented? 4. Is balance among the four art disciplines required for discipline-based art courses at the high school level? Considerable attention has been paid to elementary art curriculum development (Eisner, 1969; SWRL, 1982; Chapman, 1985), but applications of DBAE theory to secondary levels are less prominent in the literature (Mittler, 1986). A study that applied and tested discipline-based theory in the junior high school
Effect of vitamin AD3E supplementation for haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine in laboratory mice

Haemorrhagic septicemia is a fatal disease in tropical countries and annual vaccination is carried out in endemic areas. It is a killed vaccine with mineral oil as the adjuvant. The protection level of animal against infectious agent can be improved by the maintenance of proper nutrient status and vitamin supplementation. This method is followed by many vaccines both in animal and human medicine to enhance both cell mediated and humoral immunity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the logarithmic protection values of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccine by vitamin AD3E supplementation in laboratory mice model. Active mouse protection test was performed by Reed and Muench’s method to calculate the logarithmic protection value in HS vaccine using mice model. The logarithmic protection value of non-supplemented group was 6.33 and supplemented groups were 6.73 and 6.75; and were found to be significant in treatment. It was concluded that the logarithmic protection level of vaccine can be significantly improved by the addition of vitamin AD3E in mice and presumption may be the same with livestock in field situation.