Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Phone and Internet Addiction among Students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran)

Objective: In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion in use of Internet and cell phone . The purpose of this survey was to identify the extent of cell phone and Internet addiction and relationship between these two forms of behavioral addiction in students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Sampling method was convenience and sample size of 1180 persons was considered. Participants completed demographic questionnaire, Internet Addiction Test, Mobile Phone Addiction Index. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0, T‑test and one way ANOVA were used to identify the possible relations between demographic variables and cell phone and Internet addiction. Results: Overall prevalence of internet addiction was 20% and moderate and severe internet addictions were19.1% and . 9%, respectively. The prevalence of cell phone use addiction was 56.2%% for female students and 64.5%% for male students. Conclusion: Internet and cell phone addiction were related to male gender, age less than 25 year, higher educated father, and high socioeconomic status of family. Educational institutions such as schools and universities should try to develop new teaching concepts to educate the students to use internet and cell phone meaningfully and correctly. Key Words: Behavior Addictive, Internet, Mobile Applications
Deep colour-magnitude diagrams of LMC field stars imaged with HST

We present deep photometry (V≲26) in V and I bands obtained with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope for 7 fields ∼5° away from the Large Magellanic Cloud centre. The fields contain, typically, 2000 stars each. Isochrones were fitted to the colour–magnitude diagrams in order to identify different star populations in these fields. An old population (τ>10 Gyr) has been found in all fields. Some events of enhanced star formation, with ages between 2 and 4 Gyr, were identified in the fields localized in the north to north-west regions. Luminosity functions of low-mass stars were also obtained for all fields. Kolmogorov Smirnov test results suggest differences smaller than 30 per cent in the mixture of stellar populations contributing to the fields. Finally, density profiles were derived for old and intermediate-age stars. The former shows a slightly steeper decline than the latter.
Evaluation of economic traits in progenies of Nigerian heavy ecotype chicken as genetic material for development of rural poultry production

Genetic evaluation of egg production and biometrical traits of the first filial generation of the Nigerian heavy ecotype chicken was carried out. Heritability and genetic correlations between the traits were estimated using the mixed model least squares and maximum likelihood computer programme of Harvey. Results show an average hen day production of 58.91% on the first month and 52.69% on the fourth month of lay. Age at first egg (AFE), weight of first egg (WFE), mean egg weight (EW), egg number (EN) and egg mass (EM) were 162.33 ± 1.22 days; 34.29 ± 0.67; 41.47 ± 0.57 g; 71.50 ± 3.77 eggs and 11790 ± 4.50 g, respectively. Heritability for EN, EW and EM were 0.16 ± 0.13, 0.31 ± 0.30 and 0.28 ± 0.24, respectively and thigh length, back-width and neck length range between 0.13 to 0.52, 0.23 to 0.40 and 0.10 to 0.52 between 4 to 20 weeks, respectively. Genetic correlations estimates between all the traits studied were positive, high and highly significant (P < 0.001). The egg production traits and biometric traits of heavy ecotype of Nigerian local chicken may respond to selection considering the medium heritability and the positive correlations between the traits studied. Key words : Genetic evaluation, egg production traits, heavy ecotype, local chicken.
Food, Feeding Habit and Reproductive Biology of Tire-track Spiny Eel ( Mastacembelus armatus ): A Review

Mastacembelus armatus which is popularly known as tire-track spiny eel or zig-zag eel is a common fish species of Indian sub-continent. It is a popular table fish due to delicious taste and high nutritional value. In Bangladesh, its demand is even higher than that of the carps. It also has good popularity as an aquarium fish and recently has been reported to be exported as indigenous ornamental fish from India to other countries. Information so far available on its food, feeding habit and reproductive biology is in a scattered manner and till date no such consolidated report on these aspects is available. The present review report aims to summarize all the available information on these aspects along with pointing out the lacunae of information further study of which will benefit its fishery and trade.
Effect of fluid viscosity on elastic wave attenuation in porous rocks

Attenuation and dispersion of elastic waves in fluid‐saturated rocks due to pore fluid viscosity is investigated using an idealized exactly solvable example of a system of alternating solid and viscous fluid layers. Waves in periodic layered systems at low frequencies can be studied using an asymptotic analysis of Rytov's exact dispersion equations. Since the wavelength of the shear wave in the fluid (viscous skin depth) is much smaller than the wavelength of the shear or compressional waves in the solid, the presence of viscous fluid layers requires a consideration of higher‐order terms in the low‐frequency asymptotic expansions. This expansion leads to asymptotic low‐frequency dispersion equations. For a shear wave with the directions of propagation and of particle motion in the bedding plane, the dispersion equation yields the low‐frequency attenuation (inverse quality factor) as a sum of two terms which are both proportional to frequency ω but have different dependencies on viscosity η: one term is pr.
When can perfect state transfer occur

Let $X$ be a graph on $n$ vertices with with adjacency matrix $A$ and let $H(t)$ denote the matrix-valued function $\exp(iAt)$. If $u$ and $v$ are distinct vertices in $X$, we say perfect state transfer from $u$ to $v$ occurs if there is a time $\tau$ such that $|H({\tau})_{u,v}| = 1$. Our chief problem is to characterize the cases where perfect state transfer occurs. We show that if perfect state transfer does occur in a graph, then the spectral radius is an integer or a quadratic irrational; using this we prove that there are only finitely many graphs with perfect state transfer and with maximum valency at most 4K4. We also show that if perfect state transfer from $u$ to $v$ occurs, then the graphs $X\setminus u$ and $X\setminus v$ are cospectral and any automorphism of $X$ that fixes $u$ must fix $v$ (and conversely).
‘It’s the best thing I’ve done in a long while’: teenage mothers’ experiences of educational alternatives

Pregnant and mothering schoolgirls have been identified as an educationally vulnerable group. Many are not welcomed in their mainstream schools and as a consequence, access a range of educational alternatives. This article presents the views and experiences of 14 young women in the English Midlands, who became pregnant while still of statutory school age, 12 of whom spent time in alternative educational settings. It is based on data gathered from repeat interviews over an 18-month period and shows that all who attended the educational alternatives rated them highly and benefitted from what they had to offer. Using the concept of ‘difference’ as a central analytic theme, the article examines how and why this was the case. The analysis shows that it was through recognising some differences but not others that the educational alternatives were successful in supporting young women’s learning and well-being. Importantly, those that were recognised were done so in non-stigmatising ways. The research also highlights some limitations of the alternatives, alongside the ways in which gender and class continue to impact the educational outcomes and career trajectories of this particular group of students.
Control of a remote system over network including delays and packet dropout

This work concerns the observer-based control of a remote, Master-Slave system through the Internet network. This communication link introduces variable, asymmetric and unpredictable delays, as well as packet loss. The data-sampling effects are also taken into account, even in the aperiodic case. Whereas the existing strategies require additional buffers, allowing the delay to become constant, the present result uses the information as soon as received. The proposed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and LMI algorithms provide controller and observer gains which ensure the asymptotic stability of the global closed loop. The maximum admissible number of successive packets dropouts is also computed. The last part of the paper provides a simulation, where the Slave is a second-order system.
Importance of light and oxygen for photochemical reactivation in photosynthetic stromatolite communities after natural sand burial

Modern stromatolites at Highborne Cay, Exuma, Bahamas are formed in a high energy environment, where turbulent mixing of the water column supplies the sand particles that are trapped and bound by microbial phototrophs. The photosynthetic communities consist of cyanobac- teria within the surface fabric of the stromatolite, and surface eukaryotic microalgae (e.g. diatoms and chlorophytes). Due to the turbulent environment, stromatolites are often buried for periods of weeks or months as a result of sand wave movements. We investigated the tolerance of subsets of the photosynthetic communities in stromatolites to natural burial processes. Variable chlorophyll fluores- cence was used to monitor PSII quantum efficiency and fluorescence kinetics during and after artifi- cial and natural in situ burial. Excavated samples with an intact cyanobacterial community, but lack- ing surface microalgae, reactivated their quantum efficiency when exposed to both low light and oxygen. Reactivation, indicated by an increase in photochemical efficiency (ΔF/Fm), occurred after 7 to 9 d and 14 to 16 d of natural burial, although reactivation was slower with longer burial. Changes in fluorescence yields indicated that probable state transitions occurred, and we suggest that some form of oxygen dependent process(es) and light were in part responsible for the re-establishment of photochemistry. These processes effectively 'kick start' electron transport, and hence protect against photodamage induced by exposure to light after burial. In contrast to the prokaryotic cyanobacterial mats, mats with surface communities dominated by diatoms did not have high tolerance to burial. Two out of 3 samples of diatom mats failed to reactivate after 7 d of burial. The greater ability of cyanobacteria to survive week to month long periods of burial may be an important factor in account- ing for the importance of these prokaryotes in stromatolite construction.
Evaluating the Impact of the Winning New Jobs Programme on the Re-employment and Mental Health of a Mixed Profile of Unemployed People

This paper reports on the evaluation of the JOBS programme (Caplan et al, 1989), an evidence-based intervention designed to promote re-employment and improve the mental health of the unemployed. While previous evaluations have examined the programme's effects on the recently unemployed, this study examines the programme with a mixed profile of participants, including those long-term unemployed. The JOBS programme was adapted as the Winning New Jobs (WNJ) programme and implemented in the Republic and North of Ireland. It employs a quasi-experimental design, and programme outcomes included re-employment, general and mental health, and job search behaviour followed up over 12 months. The programme has produced positive long-term results, particularly with regard to re-employment. Specifically, 47.7% of the intervention group were employed compared with 16.8% of the comparison group (p<0.001) at the one-year follow-up. WNJ also had a positive effect on reducing economic hardship and enhancing inoculation against setbacks.
Monsoon oscillations regulate fertility of the Red Sea

Tropical ocean ecosystems are predicted to become warmer, more saline, and less fertile in a future Earth. The Red Sea, one of the warmest and most saline environments in the world, may afford insights into the function of the tropical ocean ecosystem in a changing planet. We show that the concentration of chlorophyll and the duration of the phytoplankton growing season in the Red Sea are controlled by the strength of the winter Arabian monsoon (through horizontal advection of fertile waters from the Indian Ocean). Furthermore, and contrary to expectation, in the last decade (1998–2010) the winter Red Sea phytoplankton biomass has increased by 75% during prolonged positive phases of the Multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation Index. A new mechanism is reported, revealing the synergy of monsoon and climate in regulating Red Sea greenness.
On σ−complete uniform ultrafilters

σ−complete uniform ultrafilters where extensively studied in early seventies. Many nice results were obtained, specially by J. Ketonen (see [11]). Recently, G. Goldberg returned to the subject and proved a remarkable result that under The Ultrapower Axiom the first strongly compact cardinal is a supercompact. The purpose of the present paper is to provide some concrete examples of σ−complete uniform ultrafilters. 1 Some basic definitions and facts. Definition 1.1 Let U ⊆ P(λ) be an ultrafilter on λ. 1. U is called uniform iff for every A of cardinality < λ, λ \ A ∈ U . 2. U is called κ−complete iff the intersection of any less than κ members of U is in U . 3. U is called κ−complete exactly iff U is κ−complete, but not κ−complete. If κ is a strongly compact cardinal, then for every λ ≥ κ there is a uniform κ−complete ultrafilter over λ. By J. Ketonen [11] the opposite is true as well. Here we would like to examine the existence of σ−complete uniform ultrafilters over a cardinal λ which are exactly κ−complete for some κ < λ under much weaker assumptions. Note that if U is a σ−complete uniform ultrafilter over a cardinal λ and jU : V →MU ' Ult(V, U) is the corresponding elementary embedding, then sup(jU ′′λ) ≤ [id]U < jU(λ). Also, if U is κ−complete for some κ < λ, then cof(λ) ≥ κ. The following notion replaces the normality in the present context. ∗The work was partially supported by Israel Science Foundation Grants No. 58/14, 1216/18. We are grateful to the referee of the paper for his long list of suggestions, remarks and corrections.
Effect of Stepped Pattern of Feed Intake Using Rice Straw as Roughage Source on Regulation of Growth, Reproduction and Lactation in Dairy Heifers

An attempt was made to improve the efficiency of growth and lactation performance of dairy heifers subjected to a stair-step growth scheme using rice straw as the sole roughage source. Twenty-four young Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either control or test group. The control diet met the National Research Council (NRC) requirement, with heifers calving at 24 to 26 mo of age. The test group was individually fed according to a schedule of 3, 2, 4, 2, 5 and 2 mo in which feed intake was alternately 20% below or 25% above the NRC requirements. Heifers on the stair-step growth pattern gained more body weight and consumed less dry matter (10.80 and 11.22%, respectively), resulting an increasing growth efficiency compared with the control. Body condition, first estrus, first conception, services per conception and calving difficulty (data not shown) were not affected. Milk yield of the test group was 8.5% higher than that of the control group. During the early lactation period, the milk yield was significantly higher in the stair-step group than in that of the control group (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by compensatory growth induced by the stair-step scheme. Also, weight at calving and calf growth performance was not affected by stair-step growth. The results indicate that using rice straw as a sole roughage source in a stair-step compensatory growth scheme can contribute to the improvement of growth efficiency and early lactation performance. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 6 : 794-798)
Climate change, genotypic diversity and gene flow in reef-building corals

In the ocean, large-scale dispersal and replenishment by larvae is a key process underlying biological changes associated with global warming. On tropical reefs, coral bleaching, degradation of habitat and declining adult stocks are also likely to change contemporary patterns of dispersal and gene flow and may lead to range contractions or expansions. On the Great Barrier Reef, where adjacent reefs form a highly interconnected system, we use allozyme surveys of c. 3000 coral colonies to show that populations are genetically diverse, and rates of gene flow for a suite of five species range from modest to high among reefs up to 1200 km apart. In contrast, 700 km further south on Lord Howe Island, genetic diversity is markedly lower and populations are genetically isolated. The virtual absence of long-distance dispersal of corals to geographically isolated, oceanic reefs renders them extremely vulnerable to global warming, even where local threats are minimal.
THE TAIWAN ECDFS NEAR-INFRARED SURVEY: ULTRA-DEEP J AND KS IMAGING IN THE EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD-SOUTH

We present ultra-deep J and KS imaging observations covering a 30′ × 30′ area of the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS) carried out by our Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey (TENIS). The median 5σ limiting magnitudes for all detected objects in the ECDFS reach 24.5 and 23.9 mag (AB) for J and KS, respectively. In the inner 400 arcmin2 region where the sensitivity is more uniform, objects as faint as 25.6 and 25.0 mag are detected at 5σ. Thus, this is by far the deepest J and KS data sets available for the ECDFS. To combine TENIS with the Spitzer IRAC data for obtaining better spectral energy distributions of high-redshift objects, we developed a novel deconvolution technique (IRACLEAN) to accurately estimate the IRAC fluxes. IRACLEAN can minimize the effect of blending in the IRAC images caused by the large point-spread functions and reduce the confusion noise. We applied IRACLEAN to the images from the Spitzer IRAC/MUSYC Public Legacy in the ECDFS survey (SIMPLE) and generated a J+KS-selected multi-wavelength catalog including the photometry of both the TENIS near-infrared and the SIMPLE IRAC data. We publicly release the data products derived from this work, including the J and KS images and the J+KS-selected multi-wavelength catalog.
Macroeconomic Risk Factors and the Role of Mispriced Credit in the Returns from International Real Estate Securities

We examine the canonical influence of global market, currency and inflation risks on the returns from international real estate securities. In addition, we study how mispricing of credit in the local banking systems is related to the returns from these securities. We analyze a global sample of real estate securities over the period 1999 to 2011 to test our hypotheses. We find support for the anticipated relationships between macroeconomic risk factors and the returns from international real estate securities. Our evidence also supports the expected link between local credit market conditions and the performance of international real estate securities.
THE DEARTH OF CHEMICALLY ENRICHED WARM-HOT CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) around galaxies is believed to record various forms of galaxy feedback and contain a significant portion of the “missing baryons” of individual dark matter halos. However, clear observational evidence for the existence of the hot CGM is still absent. We use intervening galaxies along 12 background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as tracers to search for X-ray absorption lines produced in the corresponding CGM. Stacking Chandra grating observations with respect to galaxy groups and different luminosities of these intervening galaxies, we obtain spectra with signal-to-noise ratios of 46–72 per 20 mÅ spectral bin at the expected O vii Kα line. We find no detectable absorption lines of C vi, N vii, O vii, O viii, or Ne ix. The high spectral quality allows us to tightly constrain upper limits to the corresponding ionic column densities (in particular ). These nondetections are inconsistent with the Local Group hypothesis of the X-ray absorption lines at z ≃ 0 commonly observed in the spectra of AGNs. These results indicate that the putative CGM in the temperature range of 105.5–106.3 K may not be able to account for the missing baryons unless the metallicity is less than 10% solar.
Engineering Applications of Correlation and Spectral Analysis

Probability Functions and Amplitude Measures. Correlation and Spectral Density Functions. Single-Input/Single-Output Relationships. System Identification and Response. Propagation-Path Identification. Single-Input/Multiple-Output Problems. Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Relationships. Energy-Source Identification. Procedures to Solve Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Problems. Statistical Errors in Estimates. Nonstationary Data Analysis Techniques. Nonlinear System Analysis Techniques. References. List of Figures. List of Tables. Index. Glossary of Symbols.
ITR : Automated Verification of Asynchronous Software Systems

The proposed research is devoted to the development and implementation of novel sequential and parallel algorithms for the verification of asynchronous software systems, such as communication protocols and distributed or embedded software. Existing automated techniques to verification via state–space exploration, in particular symbolic model checking based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), focus on verifying synchronous hardware and software. Although symbolic model checking may in principle be applied to debugging asynchronous software systems, this poses new challenges which are not or only insufficiently addressed in the literature. Most importantly, the inherent complexity of asynchronous software makes state–space exploration a time–bound problem, in addition to a memory–bound problem. The proposed work addresses these two fundamental limitations by developing algorithms that employ Multi–valued Decision Diagrams (MDDs) and Boolean Kronecker operators to encode sets of states and transitions, respectively, in contrast to BDDs traditionally used for both purposes. This paves the way for exploiting the property of event locality that is inherent in asynchronous software and, thereby, for greatly improving the efficiency of sequential algorithms and enabling their efficient parallelization. The project will focus on the following lines of inquiry: