Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional MRI- findings in children and adolescents with antisocial behavior.

BACKGROUND The developmental course of children with conduct disorder (CD) is heterogeneous. Especially children who exhibit symptoms early in their lifetimes are characterized by a negative outcome. Neurobiological aspects of CD have been investigated in these children but little is known about structural and functional brain aberrations. METHODS We describe the developmental taxonomy of children with CD and focus on those with the early onset subtype. Structural MRI data of these children and antisocial adults are recapitulated. The impact of investigating neurobiological underpinnings of antisocial behavior and how this might contribute to future forensic and psychiatric assessments is discussed. RESULTS/ CONCLUSION: Children display similar structural aberrations of fronto-limbic structures to adults with antisocial behavior, and amygdala dysfunction might be closely related to dysregulated emotions. Though the investigation of biological factors in antisocial subjects has made great progress in recent years, today MRI is still a rather complex, expensive and indistinct method for forensic assessment.
Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content1[OPEN]

The maize C2-Idf mutant has reduced levels of soluble flavonoids, reduced incorporation of tricin into the lignin polymer, and higher total lignin that is enriched in β-β and β-5 interunit linkages. Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls, where it provides mechanical strength. A recent structural characterization of cell walls from monocot species showed that the flavone tricin is part of the native lignin polymer, where it is hypothesized to initiate lignin chains. In this study, we investigated the consequences of altered tricin levels on lignin structure and cell wall recalcitrance by phenolic profiling, nuclear magnetic resonance, and saccharification assays of the naturally silenced maize (Zea mays) C2-Idf (inhibitor diffuse) mutant, defective in the CHALCONE SYNTHASE Colorless2 (C2) gene. We show that the C2-Idf mutant produces highly reduced levels of apigenin- and tricin-related flavonoids, resulting in a strongly reduced incorporation of tricin into the lignin polymer. Moreover, the lignin was enriched in β-β and β-5 units, lending support to the contention that tricin acts to initiate lignin chains and that, in the absence of tricin, more monolignol dimerization reactions occur. In addition, the C2-Idf mutation resulted in strikingly higher Klason lignin levels in the leaves. As a consequence, the leaves of C2-Idf mutants had significantly reduced saccharification efficiencies compared with those of control plants. These findings are instructive for lignin engineering strategies to improve biomass processing and biochemical production.
An Investigation of Perceptual and Decisional Influences on the Perception of Hierarchical Forms

When observers are asked to identify the global and local dimensions of hierarchical forms, their responses are typically faster when the dimensions are consistent rather than inconsistent. This effect, which we refer to as the dimensional consistency effect, has been demonstrated numerous times in paradigms requiring responses to a single dimension. However, most hypotheses regarding dimensional consistency effects address the simultaneous perception of both dimensions, and the manner in which the information about these dimensions may (or may not) ‘interact’. Most explanations of the dimensional consistency effect attribute the effect to perceptual influences. The present study uses the constructs of general recognition theory (Ashby and Townsend, 1986 Psychological Review 93 154–179) to represent the source of the effect in terms of both perceptual and decisional influences. In addition, a complete identification response paradigm was used to collect data on the simultaneous perception of both global and local dimensions of hierarchical forms. Analyses of multidimensional signal detection measures and fits of parametric models of the perceptual space were used to guide inferences, with all sources of evidence pointing to both perceptual and decisional influences.
From Rehabilitation to Punishment: The Institutionalization of Suspension Policies in Post-World War II New York City Schools

The disproportionate suspension and criminalization of black students, referred to in the literature as disproportionality over-representation and in a nod to the achievement gap, as the discipline gap, has become the subject of increased concern and analysis in recent years. In this dissertation, I apply concepts from Historical Institutionalism to the formation of exclusionary and criminalizing disciplinary policies in post-war New York City. First, I identify and illuminate how actors, in framing the problem of school disorder, deployed competing logics of discipline. Next I explore how the context, in particular tensions regarding school integration, influenced the framing of school disorder and contributed to the rising salience of logics that individualized school disorder and decontextualized it from the conditions of racism. Finally, I examine how school personnel engaged with and deployed these logics in their participation in the expansion and institutionalization of punitive, exclusionary and criminalizing disciplinary policies. This analysis demonstrates that punitive and criminalizing disciplinary policies were never neutral, but rather emerged out of a context of fraught racial politics that favored policies and actors that individualized, criminalized and racialized school disorder. Ultimately I demonstrate that the policies under-girding contemporary disproportionality in discipline were contested, contingent with pressure for integration and supported by educators and school personnel. This complicates existing explanations for the discipline gap that conceptualize the disproportionate punishment, exclusion and criminalization of black students as “unintended” and “unconscious. ” It also highlights the organizational and ideological forces embedded in the institutional environment of schools that may pose challenges to reform efforts.
Early programming of adult blood pressure in the low birth weight Yucatan miniature pig is exacerbated by a post-weaning high-salt-fat-sugar diet

We previously demonstrated that intra-uterine growth-restricted (IUGR) Yucatan miniature pigs develop modestly elevated blood pressure (BP) as young adults. The present study evaluated the effects of a post-weaning Western-style, high-salt-fat-sugar (HSFS) diet on early programming of BP. IUGR piglets (3 d old, 0·77 (sem 0·04) kg, n 6) were paired with normal weight (NW) same-sex littermates (1·14 (sem 0·03) kg, n 6) and fed milk replacer for 4 weeks. A third littermate was left with the sow (SF; 1·01 (sem 0·05) kg, n 6). When 4 weeks old, all pigs were placed on a HSFS diet ad libitum for 5 h/d. When 11 months old, telemeters were implanted to measure BP in pigs before (4·5 % NaCl) and after (0·5 % NaCl) a 7 d reduced salt challenge. At necropsy, nephron numbers were determined. Before sexual maturity, IUGR pigs had greater relative feed intake (P < 0·05), and experienced catch-up growth with greater adiposity, with correlations between adiposity and BP (P < 0·05). Adult IUGR pigs had 26–34 % fewer nephrons and higher diastolic BP (107·7 (sem 4·9) mmHg, P = 0·044) than NW (97·2 (sem 1·8) mmHg) and SF (98·9 (sem 5·3) mmHg) pigs. Systolic BP was similar among the three groups, but was significantly elevated compared with levels previously reported for a control diet. Salt restriction reduced BP in all groups (P < 0·05), but with no differences (P>0·05) in the degree of salt sensitivity among groups. In conclusion, a post-weaning Western-style diet exacerbates early programming of diastolic BP in Yucatan miniature swine, whereas systolic BP is more sensitive to postnatal diet.
Life Goals Collaborative Care for patients with bipolar disorder and cardiovascular disease risk.

OBJECTIVE This pilot study compared Life Goals Collaborative Care (LGCC) with enhanced treatment as usual in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors and improving outcomes for persons with bipolar disorder. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to LGCC (N=34) or enhanced treatment as usual (N=34). LGCC included four weekly self-management sessions and monthly telephone contacts for six months thereafter. Enhanced treatment as usual included wellness mailings. Outcomes were blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), quality of life, functioning, and symptoms. RESULTS Compared with enhanced treatment as usual, LGCC was not associated with reductions in cardiometabolic risk factors in 12-month repeated-measures analyses. Among patients with a BMI of ≥30 or systolic blood pressure of ≥140, LGCC was associated with improvements in functioning (beta=-2.2 and beta=-3.8, respectively, p=.04) and reduced depressive symptoms (beta=-2.0 and -3.5, respectively, p=.04). CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to determine whether LGCC improves outcomes for patients with elevated cardiometabolic risk.
Transgenic miR156 switchgrass in the field: growth, recalcitrance and rust susceptibility

Summary Sustainable utilization of lignocellulosic perennial grass feedstocks will be enabled by high biomass production and optimized cell wall chemistry for efficient conversion into biofuels. MicroRNAs are regulatory elements that modulate the expression of genes involved in various biological functions in plants, including growth and development. In greenhouse studies, overexpressing a microRNA (miR156) gene in switchgrass had dramatic effects on plant architecture and flowering, which appeared to be driven by transgene expression levels. High expressing lines were extremely dwarfed, whereas low and moderate‐expressing lines had higher biomass yields, improved sugar release and delayed flowering. Four lines with moderate or low miR156 overexpression from the prior greenhouse study were selected for a field experiment to assess the relationship between miR156 expression and biomass production over three years. We also analysed important bioenergy feedstock traits such as flowering, disease resistance, cell wall chemistry and biofuel production. Phenotypes of the transgenic lines were inconsistent between the greenhouse and the field as well as among different field growing seasons. One low expressing transgenic line consistently produced more biomass (25%–56%) than the control across all three seasons, which translated to the production of 30% more biofuel per plant during the final season. The other three transgenic lines produced less biomass than the control by the final season, and the two lines with moderate expression levels also exhibited altered disease susceptibilities. Results of this study emphasize the importance of performing multiyear field studies for plants with altered regulatory transgenes that target plant growth and development.
Deep Learning for Drug Discovery, Property Prediction with Neural Networks on Raw Molecular Graphs

The lengthy and expensive process of developing new medicines is a driving force in the development of machine learning on molecules. Classical approaches involve extensive work to select the right chemical descriptors to use as input data. The scope of this thesis is neural network architectures learning directly on raw molecular graphs, thereby eliminating the feature engineering step. The starting point of experimentation is a reimplementation of the previously proposed message passing neural networks framework for learning on graphs, analogous to convolutional neural networks in how it updates node hidden states through aggregation of neighbourhoods. Three modiﬁcations of models in this framework are proposed and evaluated: employment of a recently introduced activation function, a neighbourhood aggregation step involving weighted averaging and a message passing model incorporating hidden states in the graph’s directed edges instead of its nodes. The resulting models are hyperparameter optimized using a parallelized variant of Bayesian optimization. Comparison to literature benchmarks for machine learning on molecules shows that the new models are competitive with state-of-the-art, outperforming it on some datasets.
Conditional Market Exposures of the Value Premium

Value strategies exhibit a large positive beta if contemporaneous market excess returns are positive, and a small beta if contemporaneous market excess returns are negative. Value also has a large positive beta after bear markets, but a small beta after bull markets. These facts hold for equity-value strategies in 21 countries, and to a lesser extent for three non-equity-value strategies. Betas conditional on contemporaneous market returns capture expected-return variation associated with the book-to-market ratio. These betas also partially capture the value premium, and are related to larger cash-flow risks of value strategies.
Evaluation and Management of Women and Newborns With a Maternal Diagnosis of Chorioamnionitis: Summary of a Workshop.

In January 2015, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development invited an expert panel to a workshop to address numerous knowledge gaps and to provide evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pregnant women with what had been commonly called chorioamnionitis and the neonates born to these women. The panel noted that the term chorioamnionitis has been used to label a heterogeneous array of conditions characterized by infection and inflammation or both with a consequent great variation in clinical practice for mothers and their newborns. Therefore, the panel proposed to replace the term chorioamnionitis with a more general, descriptive term: "intrauterine inflammation or infection or both," abbreviated as "Triple I. " The panel proposed a classification for Triple I and recommended approaches to evaluation and management of pregnant women and their newborns with a diagnosis of Triple I. It is particularly important to recognize that an isolated maternal fever is not synonymous with chorioamnionitis. A research agenda was proposed to further refine the definition and management of this complex group of conditions. This article provides a summary of the workshop presentations and discussions.
Influence of vibration on delayed onset of muscle soreness following eccentric exercise

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which may occur after eccentric exercise, may cause some reduction in ability in sport activities. For this reason, several studies have been designed on preventing and controlling DOMS. As vibration training (VT) may improve muscle performance, we designed this study to investigate the effect of VT on controlling and preventing DOMS after eccentric exercise. Methods: Fifty healthy non-athletic volunteers were assigned randomly into two experimental, VT (n = 25) and non-VT (n = 25) groups. A vibrator was used to apply 50 Hz vibration on the left and right quadriceps, hamstring and calf muscles for 1 min in the VT group, while no vibration was applied in the non-VT group. Then, both groups walked downhill on a 10° declined treadmill at a speed of 4 km/hour. The measurements included the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (IMVC) of left and right quadriceps muscles, pressure pain threshold (PPT) 5, 10 and 15 cm above the patella and mid-line of the calf muscles of both lower limbs before and the day after treadmill walking. After 24 hours, the serum levels of creatine-kinase (CK), and DOMS level by visual analogue scale were measured. Results: The results showed decreased IMVC force (P = 0.006), reduced PPT (P = 0.0001) and significantly increased mean of DOMS and CK levels in the non-VT group, compared to the VT group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: A comparison by experimental groups indicates that VT before eccentric exercise may prevent and control DOMS. Further studies should be undertaken to ascertain the stability and effectiveness of VT in athletics.
Delusions of Technical Alien Control: A Phenomenological Description of Three Cases

Background: A considerable number of schizophrenic patients develop delusions of technical alien control. In such cases, patients experience their thoughts, movements and feelings to be controlled by mysterious machines and contemporary technologies such as computers, the internet, X-rays and lasers. Methods: In this paper, we describe 3 cases of patients with disorders of self-experience and schizophrenic delusions involving a controlling technical device. We also analyse case reports from historical and modern psychiatric literature which describe ‘influencing machines’ and similar phenomena. Results: Of the 3 patients analysed, all complained of being controlled and impaired by some form of contemporary technology. Moreover, the presented cases illustrate psychopathological phenomena such as self-centrality, loss of ego boundaries, subjectification of perception, ‘paradoxes of delusions’, morbid objectification and loss of the sense of agency. Conclusion: Delusions of technical alien control and influencing machines constitute a characteristic form of delusional ideation in schizophrenic patients. They may be preceded by prodromal schizophrenic alterations such as disembodiment, alienation and reification of self-experience, depersonalization, derealization and bodily hallucinations. We propose that these prior experiences, especially if technically reifying in nature, may give rise to the phenomenon of technical delusions, thus expressing a particular affinity of basic self-experience in schizophrenia to modern technology. This is also consistent with the pathoplasticity hypothesis.
FISH- MAPPING AND STANDARD GTG-BANDING KARYOTYPE OF THREE EGYPTIAN SHEEP BREEDS.

Mona E. Abd El-Gawad 1 , Hanaiya A. El-Itriby 1 , Hassan M. Sobhy 2 and Ebtissam H. A. Hussein 3 . 1. National Gene Bank, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. 2. Department of Natural Resources, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. 3. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 06 February 2019 Final Accepted: 08 March 2019 Published: April 2019
Study on the Accuracy of RANS Modelling of the Turbulent Flow Developed
 in a Kaplan Turbine Operated at BEP. Part 2 - Pressure Fluctuations

The aim of the paper is to investigate the limitations of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the flow in an axial turbine. The study is focused on modelling the pressure pulsations monitored on the runner blades. The scanned blade geometry renders the meshing process more difficult. As the pressure monitor points are defined on the blade surface the simulation relies on the wall functions to capture the flow and the pressure oscillations. In addition to the classical turbulence models, a curvature correction model is evaluated aiming to better capture the rotating flow near curved, concave wall boundaries. Given the limitations of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models to predict pressure fluctuations, the Scale Adaptive Simulation-Shear Stress Transport (SAS-SST) turbulence model is employed as well. The considered test case is the Porjus U9, a Kaplan turbine model, for which pressure measurements are available in the rotating and stationary frames of reference. The simulations are validated against time-dependent experimental data. Despite the frequencies of the pressure fluctuations recorded on the runner blades being accurately captured, the amplitudes are considerably underestimated. All turbulence models estimate the correct mean wall pressure recovery coefficient in the upper part of the draft tube.
Health lifestyles of pre-school children in Nordic countries: parents' perspectives

Summary Holistic understanding of health is one of the key principles of health promotion indicating that the health status of individuals and populations is determined by a variety of environmental, economic, social and personal factors. Traditionally, research focus has been on school-aged children and school-based interventions and less on pre-school children and their families' engagement in promoting health in everyday life. The aim of the present study was to explore factors that parents of pre-school children in the Nordic countries experienced as influencing health lifestyles in their children's everyday lives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 parents of pre-school children in the five Nordic countries. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The parents identified themselves as the primary shapers of their children's lifestyles and described influencing factors related to themselves as well as to their immediate surroundings and the larger society. Attaining a health lifestyle in everyday life of Nordic parents with pre-school children appeared to be all about the ‘management of time when attempting to live up to expectations’. Pre-school children's lifestyles are to a great extent intertwined with their parent's lifestyles and should be approached, both in research and practice, accordingly. Parents of pre-school children in the Nordic countries appear to be living their everyday lives straining to adapt to norms prevailing in society and may need encouragement and support in managing time in order to promote health lifestyles for themselves and their children.
Determinants of Consumption Function, In Case of China and G7 Countries

Purpose: The objective of the study is to estimate consumption function for China and G7countries. Methodology: The study applied ARDL approach to estimate consumption function over the period 1985 to 2013. Findings: The results of the study indicate that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and wealth are the most important determinants of aggregate consumption in both short and long run. However, real interest rate, negatively affect the aggregate private consumption both in the long and short run, apart from Canada, similarly, unemployment rate have negative effect of aggregate consumption in all cases. Recommendations: This study open new directions for further research.