Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Speed Flow Visualisation of an Impinging Jet on a Pelton Turbine Bucket

This paper deals with flow investigations using endoscopes in a single-injector reduced scale Pelton turbine performed with a CMOS high-speed camera. Both onboard and external visualizations techniques of the flow in a bucket are presented. The flow observations evidence the unsteadiness of the successive steps of jet/bucket interaction, free surface flow development and evolution throughout the bucket duty cycle.
Interactive comment on “ Arctic sea ice in the PlioMIP ensemble : is model performance for modern climates a reliable guide to performance for the past or the future ? ” by F . W

Arctic sea ice in the PlioMIP ensemble: is model performance for modern climates a reliable guide to performance for the past or the future? F. W. Howell, A. M. Haywood, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, F. Bragg, W. -L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, C. Contoux, Y. Kamae, A. Abe-Ouchi, N. A. Rosenbloom, C. Stepanek, and Z. Zhang School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan Columbia University – NASA/GISS, New York, NY, USA Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, Aix en Provence, France Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Alfred Wegener Institute – Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
ENERGY LOSS OF SOLAR p MODES DUE TO THE EXCITATION OF MAGNETIC SAUSAGE TUBE WAVES: IMPORTANCE OF COUPLING THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE

We consider damping and absorption of solar p modes due to their energy loss to magnetic tube waves that can freely carry energy out of the acoustic cavity. The coupling of p modes and sausage tube waves is studied in a model atmosphere composed of a polytropic interior above which lies an isothermal upper atmosphere. The sausage tube waves, excited by p modes, propagate along a magnetic fibril which is assumed to be a vertically aligned, stratified, thin magnetic flux tube. The deficit of p-mode energy is quantified through the damping rate, Γ, and absorption coefficient, α. The variation of Γ and α as a function of frequency and the tube's plasma properties is studied in detail. Previous similar studies have considered only a subphotospheric layer, modeled as a polytrope that has been truncated at the photosphere. Such studies have found that the resulting energy loss by the p modes is very sensitive to the upper boundary condition, which, due to the lack of an upper atmosphere, have been imposed in a somewhat ad hoc manner. The model presented here avoids such problems by using an isothermal layer to model the overlying atmosphere (chromosphere, and, consequently, allows us to analyze the propagation of p-mode-driven sausage waves above the photosphere. In this paper, we restrict our attention to frequencies below the acoustic cut off frequency. We demonstrate the importance of coupling all waves (acoustic, magnetic) in the subsurface solar atmosphere with the overlying atmosphere in order to accurately model the interaction of solar f and p modes with sausage tube waves. In calculating the absorption and damping of p modes, we find that for low frequencies, below ≈3.5 mHz, the isothermal atmosphere, for the two-region model, behaves like a stress-free boundary condition applied at the interface (z = −z0).
Renormalized Solutions to Stochastic Continuity Equations with Rough Coefficients

We consider the stochastic continuity equation associated to an It\^{o} diffusion with irregular drift and diffusion coefficients. We give regularity conditions under which weak solutions are renormalized in the sense of DiPerna/Lions, and prove well-posedness in $L^p$. As an application, we give a new proof of renormalizability (hence uniqueness) of weak solutions to the stochastic continuity equation when the diffusion matrix is constant and the drift only belongs to $L^q_tL^p$, where $\frac{2}{q} + \frac{n}{p} <1$, without resorting to the regularity of the stochastic flow or a duality method.
pidemiological and pathological aspects of astrointestinal tumors in Togo spects épidémiologiques et anatomopathologiques es tumeurs du tube digestif au Togo

ummary urpose. — The incidence of gastrointestinal tumors is difficult to estimate in Togo, so the purose of this report was to describe the tumors diagnosed by the national pathology laboratory. ethods. — This was a retrospective descriptive study of 742 gastrointestinal tumors diagnosed etween 1986 and 2005 by the pathology laboratory of the Tokoin university hospital in Lomé, ogo. esults. — There was an annual incidence of 37 gastrointestinal tumors, including 27 cancers, ith twice as many tumors diagnosed in men as in women. The average age of patients diagnosed ith a benign tumor was 44 years compared with 52 years for those with a malignant tumor. Stoach tumors predominated (n = 306; 41.2%). Papilloma was the most frequent benign tumor type n = 100; 47.8%), while malignant tumors were mostly gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 224; 42% of ll cancers), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 100; 19%) and colorectal adenocarcinoma n = 89; 17%). onclusion. — Gastrointestinal tumors are frequently seen in Togo, and an epidemiological monioring program is needed. 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Geo-Social Targeting for Privacy-Friendly Mobile Advertising: Position Paper

This position paper is about methods for effective, privacy-friendly mobile advertising. Specifically, we propose a new social-targeting design for using consumer location data from mobile devices (smartphones, smart pads, laptops, etc.) to target advertisements in a manner that is both effective and privacy friendly. This paper introduces the main concepts, provides theoretical background and ties to the literature, presents the design itself, and discusses applications.
Sources and Levels of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety of English as a Foreign Language University Students with regard to Language Proficiency and Gender

Although foreign language anxiety is a widely explored subject in the area of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), studies that focus on the speaking anxiety in EFL, as well as the gender and language proficiency level–anxiety relationship, are rare. The present study investigates the phenomenon in an EFL context and analyzes the levels of EFL students’ speaking anxiety and the sources that make them anxious. It also explores whether there is any relationship between anxiety and students’ language proficiency level and gender. Data were gathered from 196 Turkish and Turkish Cypriot students through questionnaires (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale), as well as through semi-structured interviews with 10 students who participated in the questionnaires. The findings indicated that the students generally had low level of speaking anxiety, although students with a higher level of language proficiency had a higher level of anxiety compared with that for students with a lower level of language proficiency. No statistically meaningful difference was observed with regard to students’ gender and anxiety levels. Factors that caused anxiety—such as difficulty in pronunciation, being asked immediate questions by the teacher, not understanding the question asked by the teacher—not found in the current literature also emerged from the present study. Implications for teacher education are also discussed.
Antecedents and consequences of replacing international independent intermediaries

Purpose – What characterizes the relationships with intermediaries that are soon to be replaced, and are the replacements successful? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies a longitudinal design. The paper conducted a survey among a sample of exporters concerning their relationships with independent intermediaries in terms of trust, commitment, communication, control and two performance variables; financial performance and strategic goal achievement. Five years thereafter the author contacted the same companies again and questioned which independent intermediaries had been replaced in the period. The author then compared the replaced intermediaries with the extended intermediaries before they were replaced and analysed changes in the evaluations of the relationships and of the performance after the replacement. Findings – The relationships with terminated intermediaries that were replaced by sales subsidiary or home-based direct sales were characterized hav.
The Maturity Premium

This paper shows that firms with longer debt maturities earn risk premia not explained by unconditional standard factor models. We develop a dynamic capital structure model and find that firms with long-term debt exhibit more countercyclical leverage, making them more highly levered in downturns, when the market price of risk is high. The induced covariance between risk exposure and the market price of risk generates a maturity premium which we estimate at 0.21% per month. Empirical results from a conditional CAPM as well as observed beta dynamics are consistent with the model. We also exploit exogenous variation of debt maturities at the onset of the financial crisis and find that firms with shorter debt maturities experienced a smaller increase in leverage during the crisis. Also, after an initial spike, the betas of short-maturity firms reverted to levels below those of long-maturity firms by the end of 2008.
INTEGRATED MODEL OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY EQUIPPED WITH AXIAL TURBINES

Solar chimneys are large devices which are becoming frequently proposed in new energy systems. The early prototypes (Manzanares) have demonstrated a potential for improvements with increasing size and height. The new trends in tall buildings technology allow to reach tower heights exceeding 1000m, so that the idea of integrating a solar chimney in a tall building is attracting the attention of architects, building designers and real estate investment companies. Model of solar chimneys can be found in the literature; also, the fundamentals of the design of turbines to handle the large volumetric flows have been investigated by some researchers. In practice, however, the system composed of tower and turbine should be investigated together, because the turbine design determines its characteristic curve, and the solar chimney/turbine system is operated in variable conditions over the year, thereby changing both the buoyancy effects in the tower, and the operating conditions of the turbine. The model applied is a simple buoyancy-driven flow model for the tower; for the turbine, once the sizing has been performed considering the design operating conditions, a simplified off-design model is applied to predict the turbine losses and efficiency, considering the full characteristic curve in terms of resistance versus flow rate. The overall model allows to investigate parametrically the relevance of the fundamental design variables (such as degree of reaction, flow and work coefficient for the turbine; tower height and diameter) and the sensitivity to variable daily meteorological conditions.
Density-functional-theory response-property calculations with accurate exchange-correlation potentials

Response calculations in the framework of time-dependent density-functional theory ~TDDFT! have by now been shown to surpass time-dependent Hartree-Fock ~TDHF! calculations in both accuracy and efficiency. This makes TDDFT an important tool for the calculation of frequency-dependent ~hyper! polarizabilities, excitation energies, and related properties of medium-sized and large molecules. Two separate approximations are made in the linear DFT response calculations. The first approximation concerns the exchange-correlation ~xc! potential, which determines the form of the Kohn-Sham orbitals and their one-electron energies, while the second approximation involves the so-called xc kernel f xc , which determines the xc contribution to the frequencydependent screening. By performing calculations on small systems with accurate xc potentials, constructed from ab initio densities, we can test the relative importance of the two approximations for different properties and systems, thus showing what kind of improvement can be expected from future, more refined, approximations to these xc functionals. We find that in most, but not all, cases, improvements to v xc seem more desirable than improvements to f xc . @S1050-2947~98! 10004-5#
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE , SUNK COSTS AND FIRMS ’ EXPORT BEHAVIOR *

Transport infrastructure investment reduces the cost of distance and enables firms to establish contacts over larger distances. We study the impact of transport-cost reductions on firms’ export behaviour, accounting for the role of entry costs and other firms’ characteristics. Using Spanish data we estimate dynamic probability models controlling for firms’ unobserved heterogeneity and for the simultaneity of firms’ export and location decisions. Our results provide support for a positive effect of domestic transport improvements on firms’ exporting probability for small and medium sized firms. We find a strong effect of previous export experience, suggesting high entry costs into export markets.
River-bed erosion due to changing boundary conditions: performance of a protective measure

Due to the introduction of man-made sediment barriers along a river, the amount of sediment load entering the downstream river reach is different to that leaving the reach, and erosion processes occur downstream of the barrier itself. Designers are often required to take into account the scouring process and to include adequate protective measures against the local scour. This paper addresses the performance of bio-engineering protective measures against the erosion process. In particular, a green carpet, realized with real flexible vegetation, has been used as the protective measure against erosion processes downstream of a rigid bed. Analyses are based on experimental work carried out in a straight channel constructed at the laboratory of the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aereospaziale, dei Materiali, Palermo University (Italy).
Factors Associated with Audit Committee Meeting Frequency: Evidence from Kuwait

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to examine factors influencing Audit Committee (AC) meeting frequency in the Kuwaiti market. In particular, this study aims at investigating whether AC meeting frequency is significantly related to ownership concentration, board ownership, board characteristics, AC characteristics, and certain firm organizational characteristics. A regression model is used to examine the research questions of interest using data related to firms listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). The study’s results show that AC meeting frequency is positively related to ownership concentration, the audit firm type, and firm’s affiliation to the finance industry, but is negatively related to board independence and firm’s financial leverage. The results, however, reveals no significant relationship between AC meeting frequency and board size, or any of the AC characteristics examined.
Lunch Breaks Unpacked: The Role of Autonomy as a Moderator of Recovery during Lunch

Work recovery research has focused mainly on how after-work break activities help employees replenish their resources and reduce fatigue. Given that employees spend a considerable amount of time at work, understanding how they can replenish their resources during the workday is critical. Drawing on ego depletion (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), we employed multi-source experience sampling methods to test the effects of a critical boundary condition, employee lunch break autonomy, on the relation between lunch break activities and end-of-workday fatigue. Although specific energy-relevant activities had a main effect on end-of-workday fatigue, each of these was moderated by the degree of autonomous choice associated with the break. Specifically, for activities that supported the psychological needs of relatedness and competence (i.e., social and work activities, respectively), as lunch break autonomy increased, effects switched from increasing fatigue to reducing fatigue. To the extent that lunch break activities involved relaxation, however, lunch break autonomy was only important when levels of relaxation were low. We conclude that lunch break autonomy plays a complex and pivotal role in conferring the potential energetic benefits of lunch break activities. Contributions to theory and practice are discussed
Factors that Affect the Dosing Regimen of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adulthood is now widely accepted as a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities. These include abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidaemia, and increased cardiovascular risk; all of which can either be improved or ameliorated with GH replacement. It is now over 10 years since recombinant GH has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use as replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults in the United States; whereas in Europe, it has been used for an even longer period of time. However, despite this widespread clinical experience, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the optimal approach to GH replacement in terms of dose initiation, titration and maintenance in GH-deficient adults. This is because the appropriate dose of GH replacement needs to be determined for each individual patient based on the patient’s age, sex, concomitant medications, glucose tolerance, serum insulin-like growth factor I levels, and pregnancy to reduce the rates of adverse events. In this review, data of a retrospective analysis of the GH dosing practices within one institution over a 5-year period is presented to define GH dose requirements during the initiation, titration and maintenance phases of treatment, the frequency of dose adjustments, and the reasons necessitating dose adjustments in young and older GH-deficient adults. Based on these data, this review offers practical recommendations for practicing clinicians involved in managing GH-deficient adults on long-term GH replacement therapy.
Sexes of a monomorphic species differ in preference for mates with a novel trait

We investigated the different roles of the sexes in the origination of novel traits in the sexually monomorphic Javanese mannikin Lonchura leucogastroides. We introduced a red feather as an evolutionarily novel trait in both sexes and tested their preferences for prospective mates with this trait. Males rejected females bearing the red feather and preferred to court unadorned females. In contrast, females partly preferred adorned males. Specifically, previously unattractive males gained in attractiveness and could increase their reproductive success when bearing the ornament, whereas previously attractive males lost in attractiveness, but this did not affect their reproductive success. We introduced two other novel traits in males and investigated the females’ response to these in mate choice tests. Each of the three new traits interacted with the natural attractiveness of males. The more attractive a male was before ornamentation, the more it lost in attractiveness after ornamentation and vice versa. Thus, the position of the trait did not affect the interaction. Because males rejected adorned females and females partly preferred adorned males, novel traits might evolve by intersexual selection in males rather than in females. This can lead to a sexual dimorphism with conspicuous traits in males. Our study reveals a new insight into the mechanism of the evolution from monomorphism to dimorphism with ornamental traits in males.
Foundations and Evidence for an Interaction-based Approach to Conflict Negotiation.

This paper outlines 4 assumptions behind attempts to explain the sequential organization of communication behavior during conflict. These assumptions were supported by an analysis of behavioral sequences coded from 9 hostage negotiations and 20 divorce mediations. Analyses showed that negotiators use only a small proportion of available responses to other party’s behavior, and that this proportion rapidly decreases as sequence length increases. Critical to this channeling in behavior was the triple-interact (i.e., cue-response-cue-response), which represents the maximum sequence length required to enable accurate prediction of negotiators’ future behavior. More detailed analysis showed that the triple-interact reduced uncertainty in behavior by over 70%, which compares to less than 1% from knowledge of negotiation context and approximately 10% from knowledge of individual differences. Efforts to understand the complex behavioral processes that drive conflict originate from one of two perspectives. Most research has focused on the interpersonal dimensions that characterize negotiation and how changes in these dynamics allow an interaction to unfold. Constructs such as facework, affiliation, interdependence, and behavioral intensity have each been shown to play a role in the progress of negotiations (Donohue & Hoobler, 2002; Rogan & Hammer, 1994; Taylor, 2002a) and the outcome that is achieved (Olekalns, Smith, & Kibby, 1996). A second approach to understanding conflict is to looks for consistent patterns in the sequences of actions that underlie and give rise to the patterns found at the conceptual level. Although several researchers have discussed this process in relation to negotiation (Putnam, 1985), evidence of the behavioral sequences that actually shape interaction is only beginning to emerge (Olekalns & Smith, 2003; Weingart, Prietula, Hyder, & Genovese, 1999). This paper adds to that growing body of work by explicating and then testing some of the assumptions that underlie an interaction-based approach to understanding conflict. These assumptions represent basic predictions about the character and limits of behavioral organization in conflict.
On the transcendence degree of group algebras of nilpotent groups

Let G be a finitely generated (f.g.) torsion-free nilpotent group. Then the group algebra k[G] of G over a field k is a Noetherian domain and hence has a classical division ring of fractions, denoted by k(G). Recently, the division algebras k(G) and, somewhat more generally, division algebras generated by f.g. nilpotent groups have been studied in [3] and [5]. These papers are concerned with the question to what extent the division algebra determines the group under consideration. Here we continue the study of the division algebras k(G) and investigate their Gelfand–Kirillov (GK–) transcendence degree.