Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferior Pedicle Breast Reduction for the Management of Gestational Gigantomastia: Literature Review and a Case Presentation

Background: The actual cause of Gestational gigantomastia (Gg) remains a dilemma. Its treatment has ideally been surgical, employing most commonly the different pedicle techniques in the last decade. Aim: This paper reviews the literature on the management of Gg using the inferior pedicle technique (IPT) and supports it with a successful case presentation using the IPT. Method: Using the PubMed search engine and Google scholar, literature search was done for Gg treated with the inferior pedicle reduction method. Published literature from other sources was also included. Data obtained was cleaned and analysed. The inferior pedicle breast reduction technique was employed without any modification in the normal procedure for the case presented. Results: Thirty-one literature addressing Gg and IPT were identified. Most surgeons use this technique with very good outcomes. Our patient confirmed reduced breast mould, firm and adolescent looking breast with no back, shoulder, neck and rib pains. She also experienced with time increased nipple areolar sensation, ability to undertake all tasks with ease and a new sense of confidence. Conclusion: The inferior pedicle breast reduction technique can be the standard treatment for gestational gigantomastia with the length from suprasternal notch to the nipple ≤ 50 cm that present without any anatomical complications.
Prevalence of most common human pathogenic Campylobacter spp. in dogs and cats in Styria, Austria

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of most common human pathogenic Campylobacter species, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli), in dogs and cats in Styria, Austria. In the period from April 2010 to April 2012, 842 faecal samples from dogs and cats from Styria, Austria were examined for Campylobacter (C.) species (spp.). All samples were subjected to qualitative microbiological culture testing, and additionally, some of them have been studied using qualitative real‐time PCR. In microbiological culture, 5.9% of all samples investigated were C. spp. positive. With 3.1% out of positive samples, C. jejuni was the most common type. Campylobacter upsaliensis (C. upsaliensis) was detected only in 0.5% of the samples. The remaining positive samples (2.4%) were classified as C. species (sp.). C. coli could not be found in any of the samples. A higher prevalence of C. jejuni was found in kittens with 14.3% and in diarrhoeic dogs (7.4%) and cats (23.8%). The real‐time PCR revealed for dogs and cats together, 27% of C. jejuni‐positive faecal and 8% positive faecal swap samples. The obtained C. jejuni strains underwent antibiotic resistance testing using three different tests (agar diffusion, MIC testing and E‐test) with different numbers of antibiotics. From the antibiotics used in this study, several showed high test‐dependent resistance rates (cephalexin, cefovecin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, nalidixic acid). Overall, the prevalence of C. spp. in this study was very low compared to others, with the exception of C. jejuni in kittens and diarrhoeic animals. The results of the real‐time PCR suggest that the rate of colonization of C. jejuni was actually higher than the results of the culture showed. As the resistance rates of C. jejuni isolates partly were very high, possible transmission of (multi‐) resistant C. jejuni strains to humans especially from kittens and diarrhoeic animals must be expected.
A Rapid Immunochromatography Test Based on Hcp1 Is a Potential Point-of-Care Test for Serological Diagnosis of Melioidosis

Melioidosis is a fatal infectious disease caused by the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is highly endemic in Asia and northern Australia but neglected in many other tropical countries. ABSTRACT Melioidosis is a fatal infectious disease caused by the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is highly endemic in Asia and northern Australia but neglected in many other tropical countries. Melioidosis patients have a wide range of clinical manifestations, and definitive diagnosis requires bacterial culture, which can be time-consuming. A reliable rapid serological tool is greatly needed for disease surveillance and diagnosis. We previously demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that a hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp1) is a promising target for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. In this study, we developed a rapid immunochromatography test (ICT) using Hcp1 as the target antigen (Hcp1-ICT). We evaluated this test for specific antibody detection using serum samples obtained from 4 groups of human subjects, including the following: (i) 487 culture-confirmed melioidosis patients from four hospitals in northeast Thailand; (ii) 202 healthy donors from northeast Thailand; (iii) 90 U.S. healthy donors; and (iv) 207 patients infected with other organisms. Compared to culture results as a gold standard, the sensitivity of ICT for all hospitals was 88.3%. The specificities for Thai donors and U.S. donors were 86.1% and 100%, respectively, and the specificity for other infections was 91.8%. The results of the Hcp1-ICT demonstrated 92.4% agreement with the Hcp1-ELISA results with a kappa value of 0.829, indicating that the method is much improved compared with the current serological method, the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) (69.5% sensitivity and 67.6% specificity for Thais). The Hcp1-ICT represents a potential point-of-care (POC) test and may be used to replace the IHA for screening of melioidosis in hospitals as well as in resource-limited areas.
Social Capital and Large-Scale Agricultural Investments: An Experimental Investigation

Following the 2007-2008 global food crisis international agricultural producers have invested in large tracts of land in developing countries. We investigate how the new arrival of large-scale market-oriented farms changes social capital in traditional subsistence-oriented villages. Specifically, we employ a lab-in-the-field and a natural field experiment to elicit cooperativeness in villages that lie near large-scale farms and compare them to villages at a distance. Our data reveal greater social capital in near villages. Smallholders who worked on large farms also show greater cooperativeness. These results are likely to be driven by increased exposure to market-oriented forms of agriculture.
Original Article A MOLASSES BASED FERMENTATION MEDIUM FOR MARINE YEAST BIOMASS PRODUCTION

Four marine yeasts were used for the study based on their performance in a feeding experiment in Fenneropenaeus indicus viz.,1. Debaryomyces hansenii (S8) 2. Debaryomyces hansenii (S100), 3.Candida sake (S165) and 4.Candida tropicalis (S186). Molasses was the most preferred carbon source by the marine yeasts compared to glucose, sucrose and rice water. Molasses (amount of total sugars 9mg/ml) supplemented with peptone (0.75%), yeast extract (0.5%) and MgSO4 (0.25%) was found to be favouring maximum growth of the four yeast strains tested. Two yeast strains (S8 & S186) showed their maximum growth at 30ppt salinity and the other two (S100 & S165) at 25ppt and 20ppt respectively. pH6 was found to be most favourable for growth. This study shows that molasses supplemented with peptone and yeast extract could be used as a good production medium for large scale production of yeast biomass.
Extent, causes and timing of moose calves mortality in western interior Alaska

We examined the causes and timing of moose (Alces alces) calf mortality during 1988­ 90 in 2 locations in western interior Alaska. Annual survival rates of all calves in 1988 (0.34, n = 42) and 1989 (0.29, n =47) on the NowitnaNational Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and in 1990 (0.25, n = 62) on the Koyukuk NWR were not significantly different. Survival rates of male and female calves were not significantly different during any year. Annual survival of single calves was significantly higher than that for twins in 1989 (0.56 vs. 0.20) and 1990 (0.37 vs. 0.21), but not in 1988. Black bears (Ursus americanus) killed 40% ofall calves. Wolves (Canis lupus) killed 9% of the calves, unknown predators killed 8%, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) killed 3%, and 5% died from other causes.
Stable, Single-Layer MX2 Transition-Metal Oxides and Dichalcogenides in a Honeycomb-Like Structure

Recent studies have revealed that single-layer transition-metal oxides and dichalcogenides (MX2) might offer properties superior to those of graphene. So far, only very few MX2 compounds have been synthesized as suspended single layers, and some of them have been exfoliated as thin sheets. Using first-principles structure optimization and phonon calculations based on density functional theory, we predict that, out of 88 different combinations of MX2 compounds, several of them can be stable in free-standing, single-layer honeycomb-like structures. These materials have two-dimensional hexagonal lattices and have top-view appearances as if they consisted of either honeycombs or centered honeycombs. However, their bonding is different from that of graphene; they can be viewed as a positively charged plane of transition-metal atoms sandwiched between two planes of negatively charged oxygen or chalcogen atoms. Electron correlation in transition-metal oxides was treated by including Coulomb repulsion through LDA.
BC Tree-Based Proxy Graphs for Visualization of Big Graphs

Recent work for visualizing big graphs uses a proxy graph approach: the original graph is replaced by a proxy graph, which is much smaller than the original graph. The challenge for the proxy graph approach is to ensure that the proxy graph is a good representation of the original graph. However, previous work to compute proxy graphs using graph sampling techniques often fails to preserve connectivity and important global skeletal structure in the original graph. This paper introduces two new families of proxy graph methods BCP-W and BCP-E, tightly integrating graph sampling methods with the BC (Block Cut-vertex) tree, which represents the decomposition of a graph into biconnected components. Experimental results using graph sampling quality metrics show that our new BC treebased proxy graph methods produce significantly better results than existing sampling-based proxy graph methods: 25% improvement by BCP-W and 15% by BCP-E on average. We also present DBCP, a BC tree-based proxy graph method for distributed environment. Experiments on the Amazon Cloud EC2 demonstrate that DBCP is scalable for big graph data sets; runtime speed-up of 77% for distributed 5-server on average. Visual comparison using a graph layout method and the proxy quality metrics confirm that our new BC tree-based proxy graph methods are significantly better than existing sampling-based proxy graph method. Our main results lead to guidelines for computing sampling-based proxy graphs for visualization of big graphs.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON CERVIX

ABSRACT: BACKGROUND: The infections of female genital tract are the “Gateway” predisposing the women not only to tubal infertility but also increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Now-a-days leucorrhoea is the common gynaecological problem in the women of all ages. Chronic nonspecific cervicitis is the commonest non-neoplastic lesion in all age groups, usually between 20-60 years, but rare before menarche or after menopause. Agents from bacterial, viral & metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, the infections are also due to local trauma, parturition, foreign bodies, diaphragm, pessaries and IUCD’s. The HPV and HSV play a major role and strongly associated with carcinoma. The age at first coitus, smoking, parity is the other etiological factors. These factors cause dysplastic changes in epithelium leading to carcinoma. The present study is undertaken in view of disease sequelae of chronic cervicitis, Ca – in situ & Ca cervix. AIM: To analyse the cervical lesions and also early detection of carcinoma. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, relation to age, parity, and etiological factors and to study different benign, premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present prospective study is done for a period of 3 years in the Dept. of Pathology, RIMS, Kadapa. Cases were analysed pathologically according to WHO classification. RESULTS: The commonest lesions were neoplastic – Large cell non-keratinising squamous cell carcinoma (36.9%) noted in the age group of 40-50 yrs. Next common lesion noted was non-neoplastic with chronic cervicitis (25.5%) noted in the age group of 30-40yrs. The 3 rd common lesion noted was chronic endocerviitis (14.4%) seen in 40-50 yrs of age group. The next common were squamous intraepithelial lesions (5.6%) in the age group of 30-40yrs. Rare cases of leiomyomas of cervix, tuberculous cervicitis, actinomycosis, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinomas were noted. Precancerous and cancerous lesions were associated with increased parity and poor personal hygiene.
Propofol administration by endoscopists versus anesthesiologists in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient safety outcomes.

BACKGROUND With a growing demand for endoscopic services, the role of anesthesiologists in endoscopy units must be reassessed. The aim of this study was to compare patient outcomes in non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) versus anesthesiologist-administered propofol (AAP) during routine endoscopy. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL and the grey literature for studies comparing NAAP and AAP. Primary outcomes included endoscopy- and sedation-related complications. Secondary outcomes included measures of endoscopy quality and of patient and endoscopist satisfaction. We reported treatment effects using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 602 articles identified, 5 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included only patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of I or II. Non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol did not result in increased rates of airway intervention (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29 to 3.95; 3443 patients) or hypotension (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.40 to 5.41; 17 978 patients) but did result in higher rates of bradycardia (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.65 to 8.17; 17 978 patients). Nonanesthesiologists administered lower propofol dosages than anesthesiologists (mean difference -61.79, 95% CI -114.46 to -9.12; 3443 patients), and their patients more commonly experienced awareness with recall (OR 19.99, 95% CI 7.88 to 50.76; 2090 patients). However, NAAP neither compromised patient willingness to repeat the procedure (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.83; 2367 patients) nor lengthened total procedure time (mean difference -0.08, 95% CI -3.51 to 3.34; 2367 patients). CONCLUSION Endoscopists may safely administer propofol without compromising procedural quality in patients classified as ASA I or II undergoing routine endoscopy. The results of this meta-analysis are limited by a lack of available high-quality studies. Further, large-scale studies are needed for definitive conclusions.
Type I and Type II Error Rates and Overall Accuracy of the Revised Parallel Analysis Method for Determining the Number of Factors

Traditional parallel analysis (T-PA) estimates the number of factors by sequentially comparing sample eigenvalues with eigenvalues for randomly generated data. Revised parallel analysis (R-PA) sequentially compares the kth eigenvalue for sample data to the kth eigenvalue for generated data sets, conditioned on k− 1 underlying factors. T-PA and R-PA are conceptualized as stepwise hypothesis-testing procedures and, thus, are alternatives to sequential likelihood ratio test (LRT) methods. We assessed the accuracy of T-PA, R-PA, and LRT methods using a Monte Carlo approach. Although no method was uniformly more accurate across all 180 conditions, the PA approaches outperformed LRT methods overall. Relative to T-PA, R-PA tended to perform better within the framework of hypothesis testing and to evidence greater accuracy in conditions with higher factor loadings.
Effect of Yoga on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index

Background: Yoga is an ancient Indian system of exercise and therapy, is an art of righteous living or an integrated system for the benefit of the body, mind and inner spirit. Regular practice of Yoga can help to decrease stress and anxiety. Forward bends such as the Paschimottana Asana help to increase blood flow to the brain, reduce stress, have a calming effect on the nervous system, and greatly help in reducing hypertension. Aim: The aim of yoga is the attainment of the physical, mental and spiritual health and to control the blood pressure. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of yoga training on 50 male (with or without CAD) subjects. Methods: We examined the effects of yoga on hemodynamic and laboratory parameters in a 6-months pilot study. A course in yoga was given to all the subjects for 1.5 Hours six days in week for twenty four weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, body mass index (BMI) were all studied , before and after 6months of yoga practice. Results: This prospective cohort study included 50 subjects (mean age 52 ± 2 years) both with CAD (30%) and without established coronary artery disease (CAD) (70%). Yoga training causes decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (average 20%), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (11%), heart rate (HR) (average12.5%) and BMI (8%). SBP, HR and BMI value shows statistically highly significant (p<0.05). These results suggest that there is a significant reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, and BMI in the total cohort with yoga. Conclusion: Yoga appears to control blood pressure of CAD patients.
An investigation of war trauma types , symptom clusters , and risk-factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder : where does gender fit ?

The female-male ratio in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is approximately 2:1. Gender differences in experienced trauma types, PTSD symptom clusters, and PTSD risk factors are unclear. We aimed to address this gap using a cross-sectional design. A sample of 991 civilians (522 women, 469 men) from South Lebanon was randomly selected in 2007, after the 2006 war. Trauma types were grouped into disaster and accident, loss, chronic disease, non-malignant disease, and violence. PTSD symptom clusters involved re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. These were assessed using parts I and IVof the Arabic version of the Harvard TraumaQuestionnaire (HTQ). Risk factors were assessed using data from a social support and life events questionnaire in multiple regression models. Females were twice as likely as males to score above PTSD threshold (24.3 vs. 10.4%, p ˂ 0.001). Total scores on all trauma types were similar across genders. Females scored higher on all symptom clusters (p < 0.001). Social support, social life events, witnessed traumas, and domestic violence significantly were associatedwith PTSD in both genders. Social support, social life events, witnessed traumas and domestic violencewere significantly associated with PTSD in both genders. Conversely, gender difference in experienced traumas was not statistically significant. These findings accentuate the need to re-consider the role of gender in the assessment and treatment of PTSD.
Long‐term antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia: does it help or hurt over a 20‐year period?

was needed in the acute episode (though they say not less than 50%). Guidelines need to be developed on when and how slowly to reduce antipsychotics, and in whom it is appropriate to eventually stop them. In their initial trial of the prophylactic use of antipsychotics, Leff and Wing reported that these were helpful to patients with a moderate, but not those with a very good, outlook. Similarly, Correll et al accept that a significant minority of people who receive the diagnosis of schizophrenia (perhaps up to 20%) will be able to come off the drugs without disadvantage, probably because they have milder illnesses. Leff and Wing also noted that those with a very poor outcome do not benefit from continued antipsychotics. The reason that such individuals are treatment resistant is because they do not synthesize excessive striatal dopamine. There appear to be two types of treatment resistance. First, those who have never responded to antipsychotics and whose psychosis may not involve dopamine dysregulation. Second, those who once responded to D2 blockers but have lost this ability, possibly due to the development of dopamine supersensitivity. Correll et al ignore the evidence that prolonged administration of antipsychotics to animals cause an increase in D2 receptor numbers, and that the resultant dopamine supersensitivity causes antipsychotics to lose their efficacy. They do, however, cite reports that partial dopamine agonists may have less propensity to cause dopamine supersensitivity. Once again this is an issue that demands further investigation. Finally, we psychiatrists need to reach out to our patients and to those groups critical of antipsychotic prescribing. Doctors and patients may have different priorities; patients may put more emphasis on remaining slim rather than having voices totally eradicated, or may consider it more important to be alert enough to work rather than to have conventional thoughts. In the absence of such conversations, patients may become disillusioned with psychiatry and rely on alternatives such as the Hearing Voices Network or therapies without any evidence base.
A Prospective Evaluation of Two Rapid Phenotypical Antimicrobial Susceptibility Technologies for the Diagnostic Stewardship of Sepsis

Rapid identification of bloodstream pathogens by MALDI-TOF MS and the recently introduced rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (rAST) directly from positive blood cultures allow clinicians to promptly achieve a targeted therapy, especially for multidrug resistant microorganisms. In the present study, we propose a comparison between phenotypical rASTs performed in light-scattering technology (Alfred 60AST, Alifax®) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (Pheno™, Accelerate) directly from positive blood cultures, providing results in 4–7 hours. Blood samples from 67 patients admitted to the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana were analyzed. After the direct MALDI-TOF MS identification, the rAST was performed at the same time both on Alfred 60AST and Pheno. Alfred 60AST provided qualitative results, interpreted in terms of clinical categories (SIR). Pheno provided identification and MIC values for each antibiotic tested. Results were compared to the broth microdilution assay (SensiTitre™, Thermo Fisher Scientific), according to EUCAST rules. Using Alfred 60AST, an agreement was reached, 91.1% for Gram-negative and 95.7% for Gram-positive bacteria, while using Pheno, the agreement was 90.6% for Gram-negative and 100% for Gram-positive bacteria. Both methods provided reliable results; Alfred 60AST combined with MALDI-TOF MS proved itself faster and cheaper. Pheno provided identification and MIC determination in a single test and, although more expensive, may be useful whenever MIC value is necessary and where MALDI-TOF MS is not present.
A long‐acting FGF21 alleviates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis partly through an FGF21‐adiponectin‐IL17A pathway

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe form of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and is a serious public health problem around the world. There are currently no approved treatments for NASH. FGF21 has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases. However, the disadvantages of FGF21 as a clinically useful medicine include its short plasma half‐life and poor drug‐like properties. Here, we have explored the effects of PsTag600‐FGF21, an engineered long‐acting FGF21 fusion protein, in mice with NASH and describe some of the underlying mechanisms.