Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weaving the model web: a multi-modeling approach to concepts and features in domain engineering

This paper describes an advance in understanding the semantics of concepts and features in domain modeling for software reuse, incorporated into Organization Domain Modeling (ODM) Version 2. Previous approaches to feature modeling, such as FODA, use a single model with a particular semantics (AND/OR linkages, constraints) and a specific feature typology. ODM V2 utilizes a multi-modeling approach based on Sigma, a mathematical formalism (developed at Synquiry) for reasoning about how multiple abstractions of sets of instances interrelate and combine to give a unified understanding of a subject. Sigma defines a number of semantic relationships that can hold between separate conceptual models linked into a larger model web. One of these inter-model relationships captures the needed semantics for a flexible and general notion of features within a domain modeling context. The paper describes previous approaches to feature modeling in domain engineering, ODM's goals of general applicability which created requirements for a different approach, and key elements of the Sigma approach and its application to domain concept and feature modeling.
Efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia for neurological salvage in patients with cardiogenic sudden cardiac arrest: the importance of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation.

AIM OF THE STUDY Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) have improved neurological outcomes after sudden cardiac arrest, but the factors affecting favorable neurological outcome remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify these factors in patients in cardiac arrest treated with MTH. METHODS Forty-six consecutive patients (mean age, 59.4 ± 14.3 years; 37 men and 9 women) who had had cardiogenic cardiac arrest from January 2008 through December 2011, including cases that were and were not shockable, were enrolled in this study, and the factors affecting favorable neurological outcome were retrospectively investigated. The interval from cardiac arrest to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the start of MTH, and the attaining of the target temperature were retrieved from the medical records. The relationship between the neurological outcome and clinical findings, including the causes of cardiac arrest and vital signs before MTH, were also investigated. RESULTS Blood pressure and body temperature before MTH were higher, the interval from cardiac arrest to ROSC was shorter, and MTH was started earlier in patients with favorable neurological outcomes than in those with unfavorable outcomes. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the presence of prehospital ROSC was predictive of a favorable neurological outcome. In addition, renal failure during MTH occurred more frequently in patients with unfavorable neurological outcomes. CONCLUSION MTH is associated with favorable neurological outcomes after sudden cardiac arrest, including those with non-shockable rhythms, especially in patients with prehospital ROSC.
PLTP secreted by HepG2 cells resembles the high-activity PLTP form in human plasma Published, JLR Papers in Press, June 16, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300059-JLR200

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is an important regulator of plasma HDL levels and HDL particle distribution. PLTP is present in plasma in two forms, one with high and the other with low phospholipid transfer activity. We have used the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, as a model to study PLTP secreted from hepatic cells. PLTP activity was secreted by the cells into serum-free culture medium as a function of time. However, modification of a previously established ELISA assay to include a denaturing sample pretreatment with the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate was required for the detection of the secreted PLTP protein. The HepG2 PLTP could be enriched by Heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and eluted in size-exclusion chromatography at a position corresponding to the size of 160 kDa. PLTP coeluted with apolipoprotein E (apoE) but not with apoB-100 or apoA-I. A portion of PLTP was retained by an anti-apoE immunoaffinity column together with apoE, suggesting an interaction between these two proteins. Furthermore, antibodies against apoE but not those against apoB-100 or apoA-I were capable of inhibiting PLTP activity. These results show that the HepG2-derived PLTP resembles in several aspects the high-activity form of PLTP found in human plasma.
Prognostic factors for gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors

Data collected by population‐based cancer registries in Iowa and metropolitan Atlanta were evaluated to determine prognostic factors for gastrointestinal (n = 270) and bronchopulmonary (n = 151) carcinoids. The predictors considered in univariate and multivariate analyses were: age, sex, race, marital status, anatomic subsite, stage, occurrence of other malignancies, and surgery. For surgically treated gastrointestinal tumors, the cumulative percentages of survivors at five years were: appendix, 85.6%; small intestine, 66.0%; and large intestine, 37.7%. The likelihood of death from gastrointestinal carcinoids was found to be related independently to increasing age (P = 0.001), advanced stage (P < 0.0001), location within the large intestine (P < 0.0001), and occurrence of another malignancy (P = 0.02). The overall five‐year survival rate for bronchopulmonary carcinoids was 87.6%, and lack of surgical treatment (P < 0.0001) and advanced stage (P = 0.006) were associated independently with unfavorable prognosis.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Four Orbiting Astronauts

This experiment measured the sleep and circadian rhythms of four male astronauts aboard a space shuttle (STS-78) orbiting the Earth for 17 days. The space mission was specially scheduled to minimize disruptions in circadian rhythms and sleep so that the effects of space flight and microgravity per se could be studied. Data were collected in 72-h measurement blocks: one block 7 days before launch, one early within the mission (3 days after launch), one late in the mission (12 days after launch), and one 18 days after landing. Within each measurement block, all sleep was recorded both polysomnographically and by sleep diary. Core body temperature was sampled every 6 mins. Actillumes© were worn continuously. All urine samples were collected separately. Performance was assessed by a computerized test battery (3/day) and by end-of-shift questionnaires (1/day); mood and alertness were measured by visual analogue scales (5/day). Circadian rhythms in orbit appeared to be very similar in phase and amplitude to those on the ground, and were appropriately aligned for the required work/rest schedule. There was no change from early flight to late flight. This was also reflected in mood, alertness, and performance scores, which were satisfactory at both in-flight time points. However, in-flight sleep showed a decreased amount of sleep obtained (mean = 6.1 h), and all four astronauts showed a decrease in delta sleep. No further degradation in sleep was seen when early flight was compared to late flight, and no other sleep parameters showed reliable trends.
Effects of Nifedipine on Contractile Responses to Potassium, Histamine, and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in Isolated Human Pulmonary Vessels

Isolated human pulmonary arteries and veins cut to ring preparations responded with maximum contractions to potassium (127 mM: K), histamine (90 μM), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (47 μM: 5-HT). Nifedipine (0.003–3 μ) had a concentration-dependent relaxant effect on contractions induced by K, histamine, or 5-HT. The magnitudes of the relaxant effect of nifedipine were equal in arteries and veins, except in the highest concentrations used, in which case the effect was more pronounced on K-induced contractions in veins than in arteries. The effect of nifedipine was less pronounced on contractions induced by histamine or 5-HT than on K-induced contractions, and was more pronounced on histamine- than on 5-HT-induced contractions. In Ca-free medium, the response to K was nearly abolished in both arteries and veins. When the Ca concentration was increased from 0 to 4 mM without nifedipine, the contractile response to K was completely restored, while in the presence of nifedipine the response to extracellular Ca was nearly abolished in both types of vessel. The results indicate that active tone induced by K in pulmonary vessels is dependent on Ca entry from the extracellular medium. Nifedipine has a relaxant effect on both arteries and veins. In both types of vessel contractions induced by histamine of 5-HT are more resistant to the effect of nifedipine than contractions mediated by depolarization.
Biological Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)

ABSTRACT Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is becoming a serious problem in Mediterranean areas where it is well-adapted, and now is present even in the United States (California). The infestations are primarily in urban areas where chemical control is not advisable and million of Euros are spent to control it. The effects of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) on mortality, growth, as well as the immune activity of R. ferrugineus larvae, were investigated. R. ferrugineus mortality exhibited a positive trend with the dosage and duration of exposure to S. carpocapsae. The median lethal dose and median lethal time, important to optimize the treatments, were calculated. S. carpocapsae also had a detrimental effect on R. ferrugineus weight. In vivo and in vitro effects of S. carpocapsae on the phagocytic responses of R. ferrugineus hemocytes also were recorded. S. carpocapsae was not encapsulated by R. ferrugineus hemocytes. After 24 h, the number of hemocytes recorded in treated larvae was reduced. To investigate the defensive abilities of R. ferrugineus humoral and cellular immune systems, specifically against the bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila (Enterobacteraceae), the minimum inhibitory concentration that inhibits bacterial growth was measured. This is the first time that this technique is applied to entomopathogenic bacteria.
Effects of atorvastatin versus fenofibrate on apoB-100 and apoA-I kinetics in mixed hyperlipidemia Published, JLR Papers in Press, October 1, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300309-JLR200

Kinetics of apo B and apo AI were assessed in 8 patients with mixed hyperlipidemia at baseline and after 8 weeks of atorvastatin 80 mg q.d. and micronised fenofibrate 200 mg q.d. in a cross-over study. Both increased hepatic production and decreased catabolism of VLDL accounted for elevated cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations at baseline. Atorvastatin significantly decreased triglyceride, total, VLDL and LDL cholesterol and apo B concentrations (−65%, −36%, −57%, −40% and −33%, respectively, P < 0.05). Kinetic analysis revealed that atorvastatin stimulated the catabolism of apo B containing lipoproteins, enhanced the delipidation of VLDL1 and decreased VLDL1 production. Fenofibrate lowered triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol (−57% and −64%, respectively, P < 0.05) due to enhanced delipidation of VLDL1 and VLDL2 and increased VLDL1 catabolism. Changes of HDL particle composition accounted for the increase of HDL cholesterol during atorvastatin and fenofibrate (18% and 23%, P < 0.01). Only fenofibrate increased apo AI concentrations through enhanced apo AI synthesis (45%, P < 0.05). We conclude that atorvastatin exerts additional beneficial effects on the metabolism of apo B containing lipoproteins unrelated to an increase in LDL receptor activity. Fenofibrate but not atorvastatin increases apo AI production and plasma turnover.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE EISPHORA IN CLASSICAL ATHENS

The Athenian state sometimes levied a direct tax, the eisphora, to meet civic needs, especially in war time.1 The administration of this tax during the classical period has been the subject of much scholarly controversy over the past two centuries, due to limited and often confusing ancient testimonia and later lexicographical entries. This article seeks to clarify the relation between the arrangements for collecting the eisphora from citizens before and after the reforms of 378/7 B.C. It will argue that the reforms of 378/7 were more fundamental and significant than is commonly appreciated. Before this time, the wealthy Athenians upon whom the tax fell probably each paid an equal amount in tax, regardless of differences in wealth among them. Only after 378/7, within the newly established symmory system, did Athenians require wealthy citizens to submit assessments ( ) of their wealth, which were then subject to scrutiny, and tax them in proportion to these; this innovation may have been modelled on the arrangements attested in 394/3 for metics liable to the eisphora. The initial purpose of the citizen symmories established in 378/7, in fact, was probably not to provide a framework for administering the proeisphora, as many scholars have argued, but rather to make it possible to determine the wealth of rich citizens and tax them in proportion to this.
Intercropping of chick pea and mustard on control of botrytis grey mold in western Terai, Nepal

Integrated management strategies are required to minimize botrytis grey mold disease of chickpea (CICER ARIETINUM L.) caused by Botrytis cineria . This study was undertaken to determine the effect of cultivars and seed ratio in chickpea-mustard intercropping system on the severity of botrytis grey mold. Three chickpea varieties Abarodhi, KGP59 and ICCCV 97207 were intercropped with Bikash variety of mustard in different combinations. These two crops were grown at RARS, Khajura in three replications in 2012 at the ratio of sole chickpea, 3.1 ICCV97207.Bikash, 3.1 KPG-59.Bikash, 2.1 KPG59.Bikash, 2.1 ICCV-97207.Bikash,2.2 ICCV97207.Bikash, 2.2 KPG- 59.Bikash,1.2 ICCV97207.Bikash, and 1.2 KPG 59.Bikash. Among the three tested varieties, highest disease score and AUDPC was recorded in Abarodhi (7.00, 0.83), followed by KPG59 (6.444, 0.79), and lowest in ICCV97207 (4.77, 0.58). Similarly in sole cropping, highest yield per plant was found in KPG59 (5.47g), followed by ICCCV9720 (4.46 g) and Abarodhi (3.46 g). Among the tested intercropping system, lowest disease incidence was recorded in 1.2 ICCV97207. Bikas followed by 1.2 KPG59. Bikash. From this research, it can be suggested that intercropping chickpea with mustard can significantly reduce BG of chickpea and thus it could be developed into an environment-friendly cropping system for BG control in chickpea fields. The combination, in which disease incidence was lowest, can be replicated in the areas where BG is a major constraint in chickpea production. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 89-96 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0. 9010
PTEN promoter is methylated in a proportion of invasive breast cancers

The PTEN protein is a negative regulator of the Akt pathway, leading to suppression of apoptosis and increased cell survival. Its role as a tumor‐suppressor gene has been adequately substantiated, and homozygous mutations have been demonstrated in familial and sporadic cancers. In breast cancers, expression of PTEN protein is lost/reduced in 38% of cases. Somatic mutations are, however, rarely found. Our study was therefore designed to determine if differential methylation of the PTEN promoter region has a role in the transcriptional inactivation of the gene in invasive breast carcinomas. A total of 44 samples of invasive human breast cancer, 5 breast cancer cell lines and 16 samples of normal human breast tissue from young and elderly women were studied for methylation of the PTEN promoter by methylation‐specific PCR and PTEN protein expression by immunohistochemistry. PTEN methylation occurred in 34% of breast cancers, and 60% of these samples were associated with loss of PTEN protein. Analyzed from a different perspective, 34% of breast cancers had reduced expression of PTEN and 60% had a methylated PTEN promoter. None of the breast cancer cell lines and normal breast tissues showed methylation. In summary, methylation of the PTEN promoter leads to PTEN inactivation in a subset of human breast cancers. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Challenges, Emotions, Coping, and Gains of Family Caregivers Caring for Patients With Advanced Cancer in Singapore: A Qualitative Study

Background: Caring for a family member with advanced cancer at home is demanding as the ill family member is likely to have complex physical and emotional needs. There is a paucity of studies on the experience of home family caregivers of people with advanced cancer in the Asian region. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of family caregivers caring for a person with advanced cancer at home in Singapore. Methods: This was a qualitative study; data were collected by semistructured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. A purposive sample of 19 family caregivers who were taking care of a family member with advanced cancer were recruited from home hospice care services in Singapore. Results: Most of the caregivers were female (n = 14), ranging in age from 21 to 64 years (mean, 46.4 [SD, 10.5] years). Four themes were generated from the data: (1) caregiving challenges, (2) negative emotions, (3) ways of coping, and (4) positive gains of caregiving. Conclusions: This study generated insights into the challenges, emotions, and coping of Asian family caregivers caring for patients with advanced cancer. Such understanding could help in developing appropriate intervention for caregivers to reduce their burden and stress. Implications for Practice: Caregivers require knowledge on resolving family conflicts and about communicating and enhancing closeness with the ill family member. Support from healthcare professionals is essential even if caregivers have support from family members and friends; nurses can make conscious efforts to show concern for caregivers as well as for patients.
The pattern and prognostic features of QT intervals and dispersion in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke, which is perhaps the commonest subtype of stroke, is associated with electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. Some of these changes have been thought to be due either to the stroke state itself or pre-existing heart disease. Some, particularly QT intervals, have been associated with increased mortality. OBJECTIVE The aim is to investigate the pattern of QTcmax, QTd and QTcd in patients with ischemic stroke and to compare these changes in patients without pre-existing heart disease in order to determine their prognostic importance. METHODS Sixty-four patients with acute ischemic stroke were compared with 60 controls observing the various ECG changes. Patients without pre-existing heart disease were isolated and compared with the total cohort. RESULTS Thirty-five (54.7%) of the patients had ischemic-like ECG changes made up of ST depression (29.7%), T-wave inversion (21.8%) and U wave (9.3%). Twenty-eight (43.8%) had QTcmax prolongation. Twenty-four (37.5%) of the patients had no pre-existing heart disease. The QT was similar when compared with the total cohort except in QTcmax, where there was significant difference (447.3+/-72.2 vs. 408.6+/-40.3 msecs). Mortality rate of the total cohort at 28.1% was significantly higher than in those without pre-existing heart disease at 8.3%, suggesting that presence of pre-existing heart disease contributed to mortality. QTcmax (r=0.293 p=0.045) and days on admission (r=-0.543 p=0.001) were the other variables that correlated with mortality in the total cohorts. CONCLUSION Ischemic-like and repolarisation ECG changes are common in our patients with acute ischemic stroke. These changes tend to be due to pre-existing heart disease rather than the stroke state.
Efficiency of cognitive rehabilitation with REHACOP in chronic treatment resistant Hispanic patients.

INTRODUCTION Cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia has been proved to benefit cognition depending on the severity of the illness and the cognitive deficits. Nevertheless studies of efficiency with chronic patients, refractory to additional treatment interventions, have not yet been published. DESIGN Ninety three patients with schizophrenia were recruited from the Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia Unit in Alava (Spain). All subjects underwent a baseline and a 3 months assessment including cognition, clinical symptoms and functional capacity. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either neuropsychological rehabilitation or occupational therapy for 3 months in addition to treatment as usual (TAU). RESULTS Patients at the Rehacop group showed significantly greater improvements at 3 months in most areas of cognition evaluated including speed of processing, language, memory and executive functioning, compared to the occupational therapy group (group x time interactions p< 0.001). The Rehacop group also showed significant improvement in positive symptoms, functional and insight measures. Although data was not statistically significant, the Rehacop group showed a tendency to also improve negative symptoms compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Despite to their limited respond to TAU, our data suggest that chronic refractory patients can improve their cognitive performance after neuropsychological rehabilitation with the Rehacop. These findings support the feasibility of integrating neuropsychological rehabilitation into TAU programs for patients with lower responses to other treatment plans.
Teacher Ratings of Executive Function Difficulties in Finnish Children with Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Symptoms of ADHD

ABSTRACT School-age children with difficulties in executive functions (EFs) are at risk for substantial academic impairment and poorer developmental outcome. Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is generally associated with weaknesses in EFs, a relatively minimal amount is known about school-related EF difficulties and differences between ADHD subtypes. The present study examined teacher ratings of EF behaviors in 7- to 15-year-old Finnish children with combined symptoms of ADHD (ADHD-C; n = 189), predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I; n = 25), and no ADHD (n = 691). The teacher ratings showed that both ADHD groups had more EF difficulties than controls. Ratings also indicated specific EF profiles for the ADHD subtypes, students with ADHD-I having more wide-ranging EF difficulties in attention as well as initiation, planning, and execution of actions than children with ADHD-C. According to the present findings, the school-related EF difficulties of children with ADHD-I need to be specifically acknowledged. Teacher ratings seem to be sensitive indicators of EF difficulties and distinguish between different kinds of EF profiles. In clinical practice, rating scales with reliable psychometric properties and normative data relevant to the specific cultural environment should be employed.