Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive processes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates during the progression from acute to chronic bone and joint infections in patients

Staphylococcus aureus bone and joint infection (BJI) is associated with significant rates of chronicity and relapse. In this study, we investigated how S. aureus is able to adapt to the human environment by comparing isolates from single patients with persisting or relapsing BJIs that were recovered during the initial and recurrent BJI episodes. In vitro and in vivo assays and whole‐genome sequencing analyses revealed that the recurrent isolates induced a reduced inflammatory response, formed more biofilms, persisted longer in the intracellular compartments of host bone cells, were less cytotoxic and induced less mortality in a mouse infection model compared with the initial isolates despite the lack of significant changes at the genomic level. These findings suggest that S. aureus BJI chronicization is associated with an in vivo bacterial phenotypical adaptation that leads to decreased virulence and host immune escape, which is linked to increased intraosteoblastic persistence and biofilm formation.
Comparison of pain‐resilient working individuals to population‐based case controls with/without momentary low back pain

Few studies have examined the 20% of individuals who never experience an episode of low back pain (LBP). To date, no investigation has been undertaken that examines a group who claim to have never experienced LBP in their lifetime in comparison to two population‐based case–control groups with and without momentary LBP. This study investigates whether LBP‐resilient workers between 50 and 65 years had better general health, demonstrated more positive health behaviour and were better able to achieve routine activities compared with both case–control groups.
Regional cerebral blood flow difference between dementia with Lewy bodies and AD

Article abstract The authors studied 14 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 14 patients with AD, and 14 healthy control subjects with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine SPECT. Comparison with the statistical parametric mappings revealed that relative cerebral blood flow was lower in the occipital lobes and higher in the right medial temporal lobe in the DLB group than in the AD group. Decreased occipital perfusion and relatively well preserved medial temporal perfusion are features that distinguish DLB from AD.
THE COMPARISON OF INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENTS OF ATOPIC AND NONATOPIC CHILDREN IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

Background: Atopy-related illnesses such as atopic dermatitis and asthma are chronic illnesses, and children suffering from such illnesses are subjected to frequent absenteeism from school. Studies have shown that the performance of children with asthma was comparable to their healthy counterparts despite their absenteeism at school, in contrast to findings in other chronic illnesses like epilepsy. Aim: In the present study, we investigated the association between atopy and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in a group of Nigerian children in Ibadan, a city in southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of children in an urban elementary school. Questionnaires to ascertain the presence of atopy-associated conditions such as hay fever, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis were administered to the parents of 128 pupils in the 3rd to 6th grades of elementary school. Based on the responses to the questionnaire, pupils were categorized as being atopic and nonatopic. All the pupils underwent the Standard Progressive Matrices IQ test. The IQ scores were then compared among these two groups of children. Results: Out of the children studied, 26.6% were found to have atopy and after adjusting for factors such as age and sex, the IQ scores in this atopic group were not found to be statistically different from the scores in the nonatopic group (r = 2.122872, P = 0.009). Conclusion: IQ scores were not statistically significantly different for children with and without atopy. Thus, the presence of atopy does not appear to be associated with low IQ scores and hence, may not be related to poor school performance.
Do Beliefs About Hospital Technologies Predict Nurses' Perceptions of Quality of Care? A Study of Task-Technology Fit in Two Pediatric Hospitals

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that nurses' beliefs about the technology they use in practice would affect their perception of individual and unit quality of care. A survey was administered to 347 pediatric nurses (response rate = 57.3%) from two academic freestanding pediatric hospitals in the United States. Two separate equations were constructed; one tested whether technology beliefs affected perceived individual quality of care, and the other tested whether technology beliefs affected perceived quality of care provided by the nursing unit. Nurse confidence in their ability to use computer technology and their beliefs that the technologies fit task requirements were significant predictors of nurse beliefs that they and their unit were able to provide quality care to their patients.
Effects of age, amount of advancement, and genioplasty on neurosensory disturbance after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

PURPOSE There are numerous risks for developing neurosensory deficits after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of genioplasty, length of advancement, and age and their interactions in a group of patients undergoing BSSO advancement and followed up for 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were examined at multiple time intervals during the 2 years. Measuring in the mental nerve distribution assessed damage. 127 subjects were divided into the following 3 age groups: younger than 24 years, 24 to 35 years, and older than 35 years old. They also were divided into small (< or =7 mm) and large (>7 mm) advancements and genioplasty and no genioplasty. Change in tactile sensitivity from presurgical to the subsequent time periods is reported as a function of these variable and interactions among the variables. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Friedman test, all at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS Older subjects had greater sensory losses than younger subjects. Patients with a genioplasty had a greater loss of sensation initially. For all subjects, the sensory function of those receiving large and small advancements was not significantly different. Among subjects receiving small advancements there was no significant difference among the 3 age groups. However, among patients receiving advancements greater than 7 mm, older patients did worse. Among patients not receiving genioplasty, there was no significant difference among the 3 age groups. In contrast, older subjects with a genioplasty had significantly greater sensory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Age at the time of surgery and addition of a genioplasty increases the risk of a neurosensory injury. Large advancements further increase the risk of injury in older patients.
Functional cDNA clones of the human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus N, P, and L proteins support replication of RS virus genomic RNA analogs and define minimal trans-acting requirements for RNA replication

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus was expressed in a functional form from a cDNA clone. Coexpression of the viral polymerase (L) protein, phosphoprotein (P), and nucleocapsid (N) protein allowed us to develop a system for expression and recovery of replicable RS virus RNA entirely from cDNA clones. cDNA clones of the N, P, and L genes were constructed in pGEM-based expression plasmids and shown to direct expression of the appropriate polypeptides. Two types of RS virus genomic RNA analogs were expressed from an intracellular transcription plasmid that directed the synthesis of RNAs with defined 5' and 3' ends. One analog included the authentic 5' and 3' termini of the genome, and the second contained the authentic 5' terminus and its complement at the 3' terminus as found in copyback defective interfering RNAs of other negative-strand RNA viruses. Both types of genomic analogs were encapsidated and replicated in cells expressing the RS virus N, P, and L proteins. Omission of any of the three viral proteins abrogated replication, thereby defining the N, P, and L proteins as the minimal trans-acting proteins required for RNA replication. This system has the advantages that expression occurs at a level sufficient to allow direct biochemical analysis of the products of RNA replication and that neither the use of reporter genes nor wild-type RS helper virus is required. These features allow analysis of both cis- and trans-acting factors involved in the control of replication of RS virus RNA.
Sindbis virus‐induced silencing of dengue viruses in mosquitoes

Aedes aegypti were injected intrathoracically with double subgenomic Sindbis (dsSIN) viruses with inserted sequences derived from the genome of one or more of the four dengue (DEN) virus serotypes. Mosquitoes were highly resistant to challenge with homologous DEN viruses from which the effector sequences were derived, and resistance to DEN viruses was independent of the orientation of the effector RNA. dsSIN viruses designed to express RNA derived from the premembrane coding region of DEN‐2 prevented the accumulation of DEN2 RNA, and C6/36 cells were highly resistant to DEN‐2 virus when challenged at 2, 5 or 8 days after the initial dsSIN virus infections, even though the dsSIN‐derived RNA had sharply declined at the later time points. Initiation of resistance occurred prior to or within the first 8 h after challenge with DEN‐2 virus. We conclude that DEN viruses are inhibited by a mechanism similar to post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or RNA interference (RNAi) phenomena described in plants and invertebrates, respectively. The potential occurrence of PTGS or RNAi in mosquitoes and mosquito cells suggests new ways of inhibiting the replication of arthropod‐borne viruses in mosquito vectors, studying vector–virus interactions, and silencing endogenous mosquito genes.
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in adulthood

A 54-year-old woman was seen due to weakness and gait difficulty. Physical examination revealed spasticity (Ashworth 2–3), weakness (3/5), hyperactive deep tendon reflexes on the right side, and facial asymmetry. MRI of the brain was consistent with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) (figure). DDMS ensues due to an insult to the developing brain, characterized by cerebral hemiatrophy, contralateral hemiparesis, unilateral thickening of the skull, widening paranasal sinuses, fascial asymmetry, and mental retardation. Diagnosis of DDMS is very uncommon in adulthood.1,2 This unusual presentation suggests that a late diagnosis of DDMS may occur.
Randomized Trial Comparing Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention with Relapse Prevention for Women Offenders at a Residential Addiction Treatment Center

Reincarceration rates are high among substance-involved criminal offenders. This study (conducted during 2010–2011 in an urban area and funded by a Washington State University-Vancouver mini-grant) used a randomized design to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) as compared to relapse prevention (RP), as part of a residential addictions treatment program for women referred by the criminal-justice system (N = 105). At 15-week follow up, regression analyses found women in MBRP, compared to RP, reported significantly fewer drug use days and fewer legal and medical problems. Study limitations and future research directions for studying the efficacy of MBRP are discussed.
A re-analysis of the NuSTAR and XMM-Newton broad-band spectrum of Serpens X-1

Context. High-resolution X-ray spectra of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the energy range 6.4-6.97 keV are often characterized by the presence of Kα transition features of iron at different ionization stages. Since these lines are thought to originate by reflection of the primary Comptonization spectrum over the accretion disk, the study of these features allows us to investigate the structure of the accretion flow close to the central source. Thus, the study of these features gives us important physical information on the system parameters and geometry. Ser X-1 is a well studied LMXB that clearly shows a broad iron line. Several attempts to fit this feature as a smeared reflection feature have been performed on XMM-Newton, suzaku, NuSTAR, and, more recently, on Chandra data, finding different results for the inner radius of the disk and other reflection or smearing parameters. High-quality broad-band NuSTAR data on Ser X-1 have recently been published. Using relativistically smeared self-consistent reflection models, a value of R_(in) close to 1.0 RISCO (corresponding to 6 R_g, where R_g is the Gravitational radius, defined as usual R_g = GM/c^2) was found, as well as a low inclination angle of less than 10°. Aims: The aim of this paper is to probe to what extent the choice of reflection and continuum models (and uncertainties therein) can affect the conclusions about the disk parameters inferred from the reflection component. To this aim, we re-analyze all the available public NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations, which have the best sensitivity at the iron line energy, of Ser X-1. Ser X-1 is a well studied source, its spectrum has been observed by several instruments, and is therefore one of the best sources for this study. Methods: We used slightly different continuum and reflection models with respect to those adopted in the literature for this source. In particular, we fit the iron line and other reflection features with self-consistent reflection models, such as reflionx (with a power-law illuminating continuum modified with a high-energy cutoff to mimic the shape of the incident Comptonization spectrum) and rfxconv. With these models, we fit NuSTAR and XMM-Newton spectra yielding consistent spectral results. Results: Our results are in line with those already found by Miller et al. (2013) but are less extreme. In particular, we find the inner disk radius to be 13 R_g with an inclination angle with respect to the line of sight of 27°. We conclude that, while the choice of the reflection model has little impact on the disk parameters, as soon as a self-consistent model is used, the choice of the continuum model can be important in the precise determination of the disk parameters from the reflection component. Hence broad-band X-ray spectra are highly preferable to constrain the continuum and disk parameters.
Post-divorce wellbeing in Flanders: Facilitative professionals and quality of arrangements matter

Abstract Expanding on current advancement in divorce and family dispute resolution research, an integrative and process-oriented model is presented This article explores the extent to which, and how, individual, trajectory, and arrangement factors are related to post-divorce personal wellbeing. Questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 423 individuals who divorced through mediation or litigation. A subsample of 112 respondents provided extra information on the personal qualities of divorce professionals. A series of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that: (1) gender, (2) experienced facilitative problem solving behaviors and the Rogerian personal qualities of professionals, and (3) the quality of divorce arrangements all directly relate to post-divorce wellbeing. No significant associations emerged for other individual characteristics (i.e., age, having children or not, pre-divorce conflict levels, relationship duration, initiator-status), or trajectory features (i.e., type of professional and type of legal procedure). Path analytic procedures did not show any indirect effect from problem solving behaviors or Rogerian attitudes of lawyers and mediators on post-divorce wellbeing through its effect on the quality of divorce arrangements. The implications for mediation practice are discussed.
Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: a national cohort study.

OBJECTIVE--To identify children with febrile convulsions, classify their febrile convulsions into simple and complex, and determine the number and type of subsequent afebrile seizures in those children. DESIGN--National population based study. SETTING--United Kingdom. SUBJECTS--16,004 neonatal survivors born during one week in April 1970. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Information about febrile and afebrile seizures obtained from questionnaires at 5 and 10 years of age and from hospital records. RESULTS--Information was available for 14,676 of the cohort children. 398 (2.7%) of them had had at least one febrile convulsion. 16 children were known to be neurologically or developmentally abnormal before the first attack. Of the remaining 382 children, 305 had had a simple first febrile convulsion and 77 a complex first febrile convulsion. Thirteen of the 382 had had one or more afebrile seizures, nine of whom had developed epilepsy (recurrent afebrile seizures). A higher proportion of children with complex febrile convulsions (6/95) rather than simple febrile convulsions (3/287) developed epilepsy, the risk being highest for those who had had focal febrile convulsions (5/17; chi 2 = 39.9, p less than 0.001). Three of the 32 children who had prolonged febrile convulsions developed afebrile complex partial seizures. CONCLUSIONS--The risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions is much less than reported in many hospital studies, and if febrile convulsions cause brain damage that leads to later epilepsy this is a rare occurrence.
High performance submicron inversion-type enhancement-mode InGaAs MOSFETs with ALD Al2O3, HfO2 and HfAlO as gate dielectrics

High-performance inversion-type enhancement-mode n-channel In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As MOSFETs with atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, HfO<sub>2</sub>, and HfAlO as gate dielectrics are demonstrated. The ALD process on III-V compound semiconductors enables the formation of high-quality gate oxides and unpinning of Fermi level on III-V in general. A 0.5-mum gate-length MOSFET with an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate oxide thickness of 8 nm shows a maximum drain current of 430 mA/mm and a transconductance of 160 mA/mm at drain voltage of 2 V. The transconductance is improved to 180 mA/mm by implementing HfO<sub>2</sub> or HfAlO as gate dielectrics with the same oxide thickness. The peak effective mobility is -1200 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs from dc measurement, ~ 4000 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs after interface trap correction for HfO<sub>2</sub>/In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As NMOSFETs.
Choroidal Thickness, Photoreceptor Thickness, and Retinal Vascular Caliber Alterations in Dark Adaptation

ABSTRACT Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the alterations of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), photoreceptor layer thickness (PRT), and retinal vessel diameter in the dark and light adaptation. Methods: Twenty-four eyes of 24 healthy volunteers (12 males, 12 females) were included in this cross-sectional and observational study. The SFCT, PRT, retinal arteriole, and venule caliber measurements were performed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the dark (0.0 cd/m2) and under light (80 cd/m2) adapted conditions. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.4 ± 4.4 years (range: 22–42). The SFCT increased statistically significantly in dark adaptation (p < 0.001), then returned to baseline values following light adaptation. The PRT, retinal arteriole, and venule caliber measurements were similar in the dark and light (p > 0.05). Conclusions: While SFCT increased, PRT, and retinal vessel diameter did not change following transition from light to dark.
Dental arch dimensions and palatal height in children with Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most frequent genetic anomalies caused by a complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes in the karyotype of phenotypic females with gonadal dysgenesis. The most common karyotype is monosomy X, found in 50-60% of the females, and the less common are the mosaic and isochromosome karyotypes for the long arm of the X chromosome. 1,2 Short stature and gonadal dysgenesis are the main characteristics of this disease. 3 while reduced cranial growth has also been reported in some cases. Cranial growth reduction has also been registered. 4-9 The most frequent oral findings are small teeth, thin enamel, and short roots. 10-16 The commonly observed malocclusions include distal molar occlusion, tooth crowding, lateral crossbite, and open bite associated with a narrow maxilla. 11,17-19 In addition, mandibular arches are reported to be wide and short in TS females. 11,15,20,21 In several studies 22-24, a high arched palate has been described as a specific feature of TS; however, the majority of these studies are based on subjective assessment of the investigated features. ABSTRACT
Bulk Fermi surface of the Weyl type-II semimetallic candidate NbIrTe 4

The electronic structure of WTe${}_{2}$ and of orthorhombic $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-MoTe${}_{2}$ are theoretically claimed to contain pairs of Weyl type-II points associated with linearly touching electron and hole pockets. A series of recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments claims to observe general agreement with these predictions. Here, the authors report a de Haas--van Alphen study on $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-MoTe${}_{2}$ which, in contrast to ARPES and predictions, finds a simpler and more isotropic Fermi surface. Upon the guidance of ARPES, they show here that it is possible to explain the observed Fermi surface geometry by an independent displacement of the theoretical electron and hole bands relative to the Fermi level. However, this $a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$ $h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c$ procedure, previously used by a number of groups, suppresses the crossings between electron and hole bands and hence the predicted Weyl type-II points.
Cosmopolitanism, Geographical Imaginaries and Belonging in North London

Cosmopolitanism has been described as the cultural habitus of globalisation. It is therefore, albeit defined somewhat loosely, often associated with ethnically diverse, global cities. This paper considers the extent to which London engenders cosmopolitan values amongst its residents. It draws on survey data from the LOCAL MULTIDEM study of minorities’ political participation to address these themes. The analysis examines perceptions of respect, belonging and geographical imaginaries—amongst established minorities and the ethnic majority—in north London. It is argued that cosmopolitan ethics are transformative and dialectical and, critically, cannot remain the preserve of the privileged in multi-ethnic neighbourhoods. The analysis presented demonstrates that a sense of belonging and cosmopolitan imaginaries are not evenly accessed by different ethnic groups; notably, that Bangladeshi Londoners who are born and bred in the city are less likely to appropriate these discourses than Caribbean, Indian or White residents.