Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Things Could Have Been Worse - The Counterfactual Nature of Gratitude

Counterfactual thinking, which contrasts a real event with a hypothetical scenario, is a fundamental characteristic of healthy social, emotional and cognitive functioning, and frequently triggers affective reactions. The aim of this research is to investigate what role, if any, different types of counterfactual thinking play in gratitude. Experiment 1 investigates if levels of gratitude are associated with the generation of both upward counterfactuals (things could have been better) and downward counterfactuals (things could have been worse) following the recollection of a negative life event. Results indicate that thoughts of how much worse things could have been and thinking about a how the individual could have done more to produce a better outcome, are both significantly associated with gratitude. In Experiment 2 we further examine this relationship using the same directional elements of counterfactual thinking but using a more detailed conceptualization of gratitude. Similar to Experiment 1, the findings indicate that aspects of counterfactuals relating to thoughts about how things could have been worse, better, or better if someone else had acted differently are significantly associated with gratitude. These findings are discussed in the context of previous research on counterfactual thinking and affect. The implications for the functional theory of counterfactual thought are considered.
Mobile-based Recommendation System for the Tour Package Using the Hybrid Method

Although it has been a lot of research recommendation of the tourist attraction, there has been no research that discusses the recommendations of tour packages from a collection of travel in the past. Therefore, in this study it is important to conduct a related study 1) The development of a mobile recommendation system using the Hybrid Method. 2) Test system accuracy in providing tour package recommendations.The study is using CBR stages in providing travel package recommendations from a collection of travel in the past. There are 4 stages of the process: Retrieve, Reuse, Revise, and Retain. In this study the main focus on the retrieve stage using the method hybrid method. The hybrid method of the mobile recommendation system is the combination of the Naive Bayes method, Bayes Theorem, and Dempster Shafer. Where Naive Bayes is used for calculating the probability of continuous criteria such as age and frequency of visits. The Bayes theorem is used for calculating the probability such as country, gender, and visiting purpose. To determine the mass value of the combination of evidence using the Dempster Shafer method. Based on system accuracy test, stated that the total system accuracy in giving recommendation is 95% consisting of 2 kinds of accuracy is 46% full accuracy and 49% of half accuracy. While the error rate of the system in providing tour package of 5%.
Fast blind equalization via antenna arrays

A scheme of fast blind equalization of multipath channels using antenna arrays is proposed. An array of antennas is used along with a fractionally spaced equalization structure to combine with temporal and spatial diversities. Necessary and sufficient conditions of channel (blind) identifiability are presented. The proposed approach offers fast equalization by exploiting cyclostationary properties of the observation. <<ETX>>
On Graphs Representable by Pattern-Avoiding Words

Abstract In this paper we study graphs defined by pattern-avoiding words. Word-representable graphs have been studied extensively following their introduction in 2004 and are the subject of a book published by Kitaev and Lozin in 2015. Recently there has been interest in studying graphs represented by pattern-avoiding words. In particular, in 2016, Gao, Kitaev, and Zhang investigated 132-representable graphs, that is, word-representable graphs that can be represented by a word which avoids the pattern 132. They proved that all 132-representable graphs are circle graphs and provided examples and properties of 132-representable graphs. They posed several questions, some of which we answer in this paper. One of our main results is that not all circle graphs are 132-representable, thus proving that 132-representable graphs are a proper subset of circle graphs, a question that was left open in the paper by Gao et al. We show that 123-representable graphs are also a proper subset of circle graphs, and are different from 132-representable graphs. We also study graphs represented by pattern-avoiding 2-uniform words, that is, words in which every letter appears exactly twice.
Uncertain future plans – Personal identity among Finnish youth and its links with well-being, digital engagement and socio-economic circumstances

Mannerström, Rasmus Uncertain future plans – Personal identity among Finnish youth and its links with well-being, digital engagement and socio-economic circumstances Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2018, 78 p. (JYU dissertations, ISSN 2489-9003; 68) ISBN 978-951-39-7701-6 (PDF) For this dissertation I studied personal identity formation among Finnish adolescents and young adults and its links with well-being, digital engagement and socio-economic circumstances, referring to occupation, incomes and key developmental transitions experienced in young adulthood. Experiencing a sense of identity, defined as coherence, direction and meaning in life, is critical for individuals’ psychological well-being and social integration. Sociological theory and studies suggest that maintaining a sense of identity has become more difficult than in the past, prolonging the task from adolescence well into adulthood. At the same time, adolescents and young adults have new tools and are developing new competencies to manage increasing contingency. Three studies were conducted, where the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) was employed to measure multiple aspects of exploration and commitment within the identity domain of general future plans. Study 1 (N = 751, Mage = 24.6, 60.3% women) showed a relatively high prevalence of identity diffusion among Finnish young adults. In addition, positive identity development was associated with strong well-being and both past and present economic status. Study 2, conducted among a high-school sample (N = 932, Mage = 17.1, 69% women), showed that identity formation was related to digital practices and competencies. Study 3, in a longitudinal sample of young adults (measured at ages 24 and 29; N = 854, 63% women), showed that identity exploration and commitment processes decreased during this life-phase. Moreover, these changes were moderated by developmental transitions such as becoming a parent and achieving education-related full-time employment. Further, parenthood was the variable most strongly linked with positive identity development. In conclusion, the results suggest that identity is a major challenge for Finnish young adults still in their mid and late twenties, with commitment issues being more enduring and dynamic than hitherto recognised. A sense of identity, in this case certainty regarding one’s future plans, remains in flux depending on the individual’s social and economic circumstances. Cultural context may further moderate how identity uncertainty is tolerated. Similarly, digital engagement operates as an extension of mind and advanced digital competence (cf. digital literacy) seems to support positive identity development.
Performance evaluation of amplify‐and‐forward relaying cooperative vehicular networks under physical layer security

In this paper, we address the physical layer security of a cooperative vehicular network in the presence of a passive eavesdropper vehicle, where the communication from a fixed source node to a fixed destination node is assisted by an amplify‐and‐forward relay vehicle and by direct link, in two transmission phases. Based on the security of the first transmission phase, we consider two scenarios for the cooperative vehicular networks. In Scenario I, the first phase is secure (ie, the direct link between source and eavesdropper is not available) and the eavesdropping occurs only in the second phase. In Scenario II, the first phase is not secure (ie, the direct link between source and eavesdropper is present) and the eavesdropping occurs during both the first and second phases. We assume that source‐to‐destination, source‐to‐relay vehicle, relay vehicle‐to‐destination, and source‐to‐eavesdropper vehicle channels are modeled as Rayleigh fading, whereas the channel between relay and eavesdropper vehicles is modeled by double‐Rayleigh fading. Under such channel modeling, we deduce the new tight closed‐form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) under both Scenario I and Scenario II. We also investigate the effective secrecy diversity order in the high main‐to‐eavesdropper ratio (MER) regime. The numerical and simulation results corroborate our theoretical analysis and findings and show the occurrence condition for SOP floor phenomenon and influences of channel conditions and relay and eavesdropper locations on the SOP performance. Our results also reveal that the presence of source‐to‐eavesdropper link has significant impact on the SOP performance and relay location.
Analysis and Synthesis of Reset Control Systems

This survey monograph overviews a large core of research results produced by the authors in the past decade about reset controllers for linear and nonlinear plants. The corresponding feedback laws generalize classical dynamic controllers because of the interplay of mixed continuous/discrete dynamics. The obtained closed-loop system falls then within the category of hybrid dynamical systems, with the specific feature that the hybrid nature arises from the nature of the controller, rather than the nature of the plant, which is purely continuous-time. Due to this fact, the presented results focus on performance and stability notions that prioritize continuous-time evolution as compared to the discrete-time one. Dwell-time logics (namely, conditions preventing consecutive jumps that are too close to each other) are indeed enforced on solutions, to ensure that the continuous evolution of solutions is complete (no Zeno solutions occur). After presenting a historical motivation and an overview of the results on this topic in Part I, several results on stability and performance analysis and on control design for general linear continuous-time plants are developed in Part II. These results are developed by exploiting the well-established formalism for nonlinear hybrid dynamical systems introduced by Andy Teel and co-authors around 2004. With this formalism, by ensuring sufficient regularity of the reset controller dynamics, we ensure robustness of stability with respect to small disturbances and uncertainties together with suitable continuity of solutions, generally regarded as well-posedness of the hybrid closed loop. Throughout Part II, we provide several simulation studies showing that reset control strategies may allow to attain better performance with respect to the optimal ones obtained by classical continuous-time controllers. Finally, in Part III we focus on planar systems, that is reset closed loops involving a one-dimensional linear plant and a one-dimensional reset controller. For this simple interconnection interesting stability conditions can be drawn and relevant extensions addressing the reference tracking problem are introduced, illustrating them on a few relevant case studies emerging in the automotive field.
Online Multi-label Text Classification using Topic Models

Every day, an enormous amount of text data is produced. Sources of text data include news, social media, emails, text messages, medical reports, scientific publications and fiction. Due to these increasing amounts of data, the need for scalable and interpretable models, that help analyze this data, is growing. Such models may generally be divided into supervised and unsupervised models. In the case of supervised methods, the problem is to classify the data given an existing set of labels. In the case of unlabeled data, unsupervised models may be learned, that cluster the data to reveal hidden similarities and regularities. For both of these tasks, existing methods often lack either scalability or interpretability. Scalability is especially important as dataset sizes grow and it is often necessary to be able to process streaming data online without being able to store it. Interpretability helps to understand a given result and is of increasing importance if actions have to be taken based on the modeling result. Such actions often need to be justified to customers or other stake-holders based on information extracted from the model. In this thesis, both scalability and interpretability are achieved by focusing on generative Bayesian topic models for text data. These models are applicable in the supervised as well as the unsupervised setting while maintaining interpretability in both cases. Overall, four novel topic models are proposed in this thesis. These models allow to not only cluster and classify the data but also to assign a semantic interpretation to each cluster that helps to understand its content. This way, it is possible to understand why a text document was assigned a certain topic. At the same time, the proposed models are scalable to large datasets and able to handle streams of data. The first model is trained online and used for multi-label classification of text, meaning that each document may be assigned several labels that possibly exhibit dependencies. The second model is a nonparametric multi-label topic model that utilizes a novel sampling method to make it more efficient. Its nonparametric nature allows it to model different label frequencies. The third model is also nonparametric and trained with a hybrid VariationalGibbs sampling training algorithm that takes advantage of sparsity. The last model is trained online and tracks changes of topics over time to analyze the German media with respect to the refugee crisis. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the manifold possibilities and flexibility of the topic model framework for complex settings such as multi-label classification by exploring different learning and sampling strategies.
Modeling and Forecasting the Diffusion of ATM/POS Terminals and Debit/Credit Cards in Albania

The advancement of information technology has enhanced delivery of banks' services, and has an enormous effect on development of more flexible payments methods and more user-friendly banking services. Commercial banks in Albania to be competitive have started to offer electronic banking services in year 2004. This paper aims to study the diffusion process of electronic payment instruments in Albania. The main objective of this research is to model and to forecast the diffusion of electronic payment instruments such as ATMs, POS, credit cards and debit cards, using the data from Central Bank of Albania. After it was confirmed that the diffusion of each electronic payment instrument follow the S-shaped curve, the Logistic and Gompertz models were estimated using STATA software. The parameters of Logistic and Gompertz models give information on the diffusion speed and the maximum potential number of each electronic payment instrument, terminals or cards. These findings are useful to regulators, commercial banks, bank customers, other financial institutions, and policy makers.
A field manual of camel diseases: traditional and modern health care for the dromedary.

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Faster coroutine pipelines: A reconstruction

Abstract The three-continuation approach to coroutine pipelines efficiently represents a large number of connected components. Previous work in this area introduces this alternative encoding but does not shed much light on the underlying principles for deriving this encoding from its specification. This paper gives this missing insight by deriving the three-continuation encoding based on eliminating the mutual recursion in the definition of the connect operation. Using the same derivation steps, we are able to derive a similar encoding for a more general setting, namely bidirectional pipes. Additionally, we evaluate the encoding in an advertisement analytics benchmark where it is as performant as pipes, conduit, and streamly, which are other common Haskell stream processing libraries.
Khan, Qaiser M., Faguet, Jean-Paul, Gaukler, Christopher and Mekasha, Wendmsyamregne Improving basic services for the bottom forty percent: lessons from Ethiopia

Ethiopia, like most developing countries, has opted to deliver services such as basic education, primary health care, agricultural extension advice, water, and rural roads through a highly decentralized system (Manor 1999; Treisman 2007). That choice is based on several decades of theoretical analysis examining how a decentralized government might respond better to diverse local needs and provide public goods more efficiently than a highly centralized government. Ethiopia primarily manages the delivery of basic services at the woreda (district) level. Those services are financed predominantly through intergovernmental fiscal transfers (IGFTs) from the federal to the regional and then the woreda administrations, although some woredas raise a small amount of revenue to support local services. Since 2006, development partners and the government have cofinanced block grants for decentralized services through the Promoting Basic Services (PBS) Program. Aside from funding the delivery of services, the program supports measures to improve the quality of services and local governments capacity to deliver them by strengthening accountability and citizen voice.
Factors influencing the academic performance of the female medical students in preclinical and clinical years

The present study was undertaken to investigate the factors influencing the academic performance of the female medical students in the preclinical (2 nd and 3 rd year) and clinical years (4 th and 5 th years). A crosssectional study was carried out involving 100 female medical students (preclinical and clinical) in Northern Border University. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to evaluate the factors influencing their academic performance. A comparison was done between the factors influencing the academic performance of the preclinical and the clinical students. The strongest positive factors which influenced the academic performance of all the female medical students were the facility available for study, family support, and awareness about the medical course. Anxiety and stress and lack of sleep were the strong negative factors in both. There was significant difference between preclinical and clinical students regarding the time for self-study (p<0.05) and lack of sleep (p<0.05). Although the strongest positive factors and negative factors were similar in both preclinical and clinical students, there was variation in factors like English skills, personal time, family time and time for self-study. There was an increase in the English language skills, competition in studies and time for self-study in the clinical students when compared to the preclinical students, though the difference was not statistically significant.
The Relationship between Mobile Phone Usage in Classroom and Academic Achievement in College Life

The use of mobile phone has been increasing nowadays in most part of the world and it has become the phenomenon where people cannot live without. This study aims to reveal whether mobile phone use affects student’s academic achievement compared to other factors such as study program, student’s focus and gender. The frequent of mobile phone use and how excellence student’s academic performance will be analysed. A survey has been conducted to a large number of college students. A questionnaire was developed and delivered by online questionnaire to 513 students of Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia. Using Ordinary Least Square’s result statistical analysis, it can be concluded that gender and study program have significant effects to GPA, while the use of mobile phone and its effect of distracting student’s focus are not significant to GPA. Furthermore , female students significantly scored higher GPA result by 0.23 point than male students, cateris paribus. Then, students from social sciences have higher GPA results by 0.2 point than students from engineering sciences, cateris paribus. Generally, the results should be interesting for decision maker in academic field on how important to embrace mobile phone for learning style.
Artificial Agency Requires Attention: The Case of Intentional Action

What does it mean to build an artificial agent? In prior work, we have argued at length that the promise of AI introduced into our social milieu calls for a rethinking of the question [1]. We have claimed that agency of the form that all of us naturally recognize requires consciousness to support reasons-responsive choice (ibid). In this short paper, we further claim that consciousness, or something close enough, is often necessary for intentional action as well, and explore the connection between them through thought experiments and computational modeling.
Agency Attribution and Temporal Binding. Towards a New Model of Time Perception

Sense of agency is a concept which represents our ability to attribute actions to ourselves or other people. Studies found that when we perform selfgenerated actions and when we observe other people doing the same, a phenomenon known as temporal binding occurs. It consists of a perception of “temporal attraction” between actions and outcomes [5,8]. Some studies proved that agency and temporal binding rely on multiple top-down and bottom-up mechanisms, such as inferential and sensorimotor processes [18]. However, not many researches considered the impact of experimental factors. For this reason, the present study will focus on this aspect, particularly on the role of the interface and the measure of agency, in order to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying agency attribution and temporal binding. From one side, we found no significant difference in temporal binding in screen and virtual reality conditions, although virtual reality seemed to increase the accuracy of time perception. From the other side, we found that the range of intervals significantly influenced people’s estimations, and errors linearly diverged from one specific interval which was estimated with the most accuracy. Our hypothesis is that people use contextual cues and their knowledge of the world to find an optimal interval between actions and outcomes in different circumstances. This not only questions what we know about agency and temporal binding, but it can be also the foundation of a new model of time perception, where long-term memory and context play a fundamental role.