Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of an Educational Intervention on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women Undergoing Cervical Cerclage .

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of an educational intervention on maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women undergoing cervical cerclage. Design: A quasi experimental study design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in gynecological outpatient unit affiliated at obstetric and gynecological department at Benha University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 82 pregnant women undergoing cervical cerclage selected according to certain criteria and divided into two group the study group (42) and control group (40). Three Tools were used for data collection: A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, self-care reported practices assessment tool and maternal and neonatal outcomes assessment tool. Results: reveled that the mean age of both study and control group was (27.59±7.84 & 26.49±6.54) years respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups in various sociodemographic data. There was a highly statistically significant difference in knowledge, self-care practices and maternal and neonatal outcomes in the study group compared to the control group after implementing the educational intervention P≤0.001. Moreover, there was a highly statistically significant association between total knowledge score and total self-care practices score before and after intervention. The study Concluded that, the educational intervention positively affect women's knowledge, self-care practices regarding postoperative cervical cerclage and had better maternal and neonatal outcomes with significant differences between both groups. There was a positive association between total knowledge and total self-care practices score before & after implementing the educational intervention P≤0.001. The study recommended that the educational intervention should be used as one of the routine hospital care for women undergoing cervical cerclage.
The Rise and Fall of Immigrant Employment : A Lifecycle Study of Labor Migrants to Norway

We find that the lifecycle employment profiles of nonwestern male labor migrants that came to Norway in the early 1970s diverge significantly from those of native comparison persons. During the first years after arrival almost all of the immigrants worked and their employment rate exceeded that of natives. But, about ten years upon arrival, immigrant employment started a sharp and steady decline. By 2000, the immigrant employment rate was 50 percent, compared to 87 percent for the native comparison group. That year, as many as 74 percent of the non-employed immigrants received a permanent disability pension and an additional 16 percent received another form of social security transfer. We identify considerable disincentives embedded in the social security system that may be responsible for the poor lifecycle employment performance of the immigrant cohort. But we also uncover evidence that labor immigrants are particularly vulnerable to the state of the economy and face a high probability of permanent exit from the labor market during economic downturns.
Effects of Striatal Lesions on Reward Choice Using a Multi-Box Environment

Howard C. Cromwell, Advisor Making decisions based on rewards is a behavior that all animals have in common. Being able to decide between an advantageous and disadvantageous choice is an element that could be key to an animal’s survival. While much work has been done investigating which brain areas play a role in this function, there are still many components of reward choice that need to be worked out. We used a novel, 3-box setup to test reward choice in rats. Rats were tested over two, three-week periods where the amount of reward being delivered changed on a week to week basis. We expected choice preference to shift from a mixed-outcome box in the first week, to equal preference in the second week, to the single-outcome box in the third week. This same pattern was to hold true for the second three-week period, except preference would shift according to the changing values in the mixed-outcome box. Preliminary data using 0/2 pellets in a mixed-outcome box showed that rats quickly shifted preference to a 1-pellet reward as opposed to showing equal preference, so a 0/3 pellet mixed-outcome was used instead. During the first three-week session, rats chose between a delivery of 0/3 pellets versus 0 pellets, then 1 pellet, and 2 pellets. Over the second three-week session, rats chose between 1 pellet versus 0/5 pellets, 0/3 pellets, and 0/1 pellet. Rats that received sham lesions showed choice preferences that very closely mapped on to what was expected, showing that they were able to make advantageous choices. To investigate which brain regions may be playing a role in the reward choice process, we performed lesion surgery targeting the ventral striatum, dorsal striatum, or gave rats a sham lesion. While there were not many overall significant group differences, rats with ventral striatal lesions did show a more impulsive choice in week 4 when they preferred the 1-pellet reward opposed to the 0/5 pellet reward. Implementing our new 3-box paradigm in future studies could
Centralization of Body Fat

Centralization of body fat stores has proven to be an index of several serious diseases and their precursor states, indicated by risk factors. Historically this is an observation which originates from anthropologists in the early twentieth century. Kretschmer (1) noticed the difference in disease associations with different body build, mainly from the aspect of his own specialty, which was psychiatry. He observed that the pychnic type frequently suffered from gout, atherosclerotic disease and stroke, and he saw early signs of glucose intolerance as well as abnormal pharmacological reactions of the autonomic nervous system in comparison with, particularly, the leptosomic body build type. Both these types were also different from the aspect of food intake, where the pychnic type increased more readily in body weight.Kretschmermade anthropometricmeasurements from which the waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) can be calculated. Such calculations show that the pychnic type had a WHR which is well within the risk zone for disease, as recently suggested by the WHO (2). The pychnic type was also more prone to develop depressive symptoms while the leptosomic type often had a schizoid personality. Jean Vague in Marseille (3) is another pioneer who already 50 years ago saw the differences between gynoid and android obesity and the risk for complications in the latter. Vague was focusing mainly on adipose tissue distribution but also made observations on other diseases than obesity. All these sharp-sighted clinical observations have been confirmed and extended in modern science with more refined methods, as will be briefly reviewed in this chapter. Centralizationof body fat stores can bemeasured in a number of ways. The gold standardmethods for obtaining absolutemasses of various body fat stores are the imaging techniques. These methods are, however, complicated and expensive to use in epidemiological work, where simpler surrogate measurements have to be employed. Such methods include skinfolds, which, however, do not measure intra-abdominal fat masses. Various circumference measurements such as waist circumference or the WHR provide an estimate of internal fat masses. The WHR has probably been somewhat better anchored in prospective studies of disease than the waist circumference, although the latter is slightly easier to measure. The abdominal sagittal diameter seems to provide themost accurate estimation of the important visceral, intra-abdominal fat masses (4). Utilizing such measurements, it has now become increasingly clear that body fat centralization is a powerful index of prevailing previously established risk factors for disease such as insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, is found with high prevalence in already established disease, and is a powerful independent risk factor for disease in prospective studies. The abnormalities associated with body fat centralization span awide range of somatic diseases in metabolism and energy intake, such as obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, respiratory, haematological
Emerging Concept and Technology on Mycobacterial Biofilm

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, (M. tuberculosis) generally called M.TB or simply the tubercle bacillus, is a slightly. More than 60% of the patients were from China, India, the Russian Federation, Pakistan, and South Africa [1]. Species other than M. tuberculosis and M. leprae have been nominated “atypical mycobacteria” or “mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis” (MOTT) in the past and are now called simply “NonTuberculous Mycobacteria” (NTM). The incidence of NTM infections surpasses that of TB infections in developed countries. Although infection may occur in virtually any organ, pulmonary infections are most common. M. avium, M. kansasii, and M. abscessus are the most frequently identified organisms causing lung disease. The isolation of an NTM organism does not necessarily equate with active infection; clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic parameters are all needed to Abstract
The Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2-i) on Fatty Liver, Steato-Hepatitis, Liver Fibrosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A Review

The drug category of Sodium-Glucose co-transporters 2 inhibitors (SGLT 2 inhibitors) is a newer class of pharmaceutical agents for the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus, with a proved promising cardio-protective effects. In addition to above beneficial effects, Sodium-Glucose co-transporters 2 inhibitors showed their effectiveness to reduce abdominal fat content, amount of fat in liver tissues and progression of inflammation and fibrosis in experimental as well as clinical studies. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) are common among patients with type 2 diabetes patients and includes fatty liver, Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis and when present together these disorders exacerbates each other deleterious consequences. This review article is carried out with an objectives to find out the effects of Sodium-Glucose co-transporters 2 inhibitors on non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, steato-hepatitis, fibrosis liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors identified 21 relevant articles including twelve experimental and nine clinical studies with inclusion of 15152 patients, in study period ranges from 20-104 weeks. The analysis of these studies showed beneficial effects SGLT 2 inhibitors on fatty liver, liver function and NASH development, hepatic fibrosis and prevention and regression of hepatocellular carcinoma and concluded that SGLT-2 inhibitors may protect or reduce the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, steato-hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetes patients.
STIMULUS: Noninvasive Dynamic Patterns of Neurostimulation using Spatio-Temporal Interference

Using a systematic computational and modeling framework, we provide a novel Spatio-Temporal Interference-based stiMULation focUsing Strategy (STIMULUS) for high spatial precision noninvasive neurostimulation deep inside the brain. To do so, we first replicate the results of the recently proposed temporal interference (TI) stimulation (which was only tested in-vivo) in a computational model based on a Hodgkin-Huxley model for neurons and a model of current dispersion in the head. Using this computational model, we obtain a nontrivial extension of the 2-electrode-pair TI proposed originally to multielectrode TI (> 2 electrode pairs) that yields significantly higher spatial precision. To further improve precision, we develop STIMULUS techniques for generating spatial interference patterns in conjunction with temporal interference, and demonstrate strict and significant improvements over multielectrode TI. Finally, we utilize the adaptivity that is inherent in STIMULUS to create multisite neurostimulation patterns that can be dynamically steered over time.
Bear Beta

We test whether bear market risk - time-variation in the probability of future bear market states - is priced. We construct an Arrow-Debreu security that pays off in bear market states (AD Bear) from traded S&P 500 index options and use its returns to measure bear market risk. We find that bear beta (exposure to bear market risk) has a strong relation with expected stock returns that is robust, persistent, and remains strong among liquid and large stocks. Historical bear beta also predicts future bear market risk exposure. We conclude that bear market risk is priced in the cross-section of stock returns.
BENEFICIAL ROLE OF FOLIAR-APPLIED PROLINE ON CARROT ( DAUCUS CAROTA L . ) UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

A pot experiment was conducted to appraise the beneficial role of foliar application of proline on two cultivars of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Arwa red long and cv. Red corl grown in pots under salt-stress conditions. There were two levels of salinity i.e. non-stress (0 mM) and NaCl stress (150 mM) and three levels of foliar applied proline (0, 5, 10 mM). Growth, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, while enzymes activities and proline contents increased in carrot plants under saline conditions. Proline treatment as foliar spray significantly enhanced growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, activity of peroxidase, root K and Ca and shoot K contents, while decreased Na contents of root in both carrot cultivars. Arva Red Long showed better performance as compared to cultivar Red Corl due to improved growth, gas exchange characteristics, antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, POD), high free proline and K and Ca contents.
Finding the site of Boudica ' s last battle : Roman logistics empowered the sword

Note: this is an updated version of an earlier essay issued in 2012. The updates largely relate to a complete recomputation of the hydrology of Britain, the inclusion of insights gained from a study of Roman marching camps and, subsequently, a reworking of the statistics to produce a weighted listing of possible Boudican battle sites. This essay is one of a series based on the core work related to terrain analysis, hydrology and Roman marching camps, all of which can be found on the author's website at www.bandaarcgeophysics. co.uk/arch_intro. html . Index • Introduction • Review of Events • Summary of the earlier terrain analysis work • Logistics of the Roman army • The water needs of the marching legionary • Logistics of the Boudican rebels • Roman and British water requirements • The Hydrology of Britain • Water Replenishment • Terrain analysis and water availability • Weighting and ranking of battle sites • Discussion • References and copyright • Appendix 1: Limitations and caveats
The Elasticity of Taxable Wealth: Evidence from Switzerland

We study the effects of wealth taxation on reported w alth in Switzerland, which has the highest rate of annual wealth taxation in t he developed world, and where tax rates vary considerably across locations and ov er time. We use aggregate data on wealth holdings by canton and individual-level d ata for the canton of Bern. We find implied behavioral elasticities that substanti lly exceed those of the taxable income literature. We also find that taxpayers bunc h below the tax threshold, that our responses are driven by changes in wealth holdi ngs rather than mobility, and that financial wealth is more responsive than non-f inancial wealth. * We are grateful to Jonathan Petkun for excellent r search assistance, to Etienne Lehmann, Jim Poterba and seminar participants at Bristol, Geneva , Kentucky, MIT and Yale for helpful comments, to the tax administration of the canton o f Bern for allowing us to use their micro data for the purpose of this research, to Raphaël Parche t and Stephan Fahrländer for sharing valuable complementary data and to Nina Munoz-Schmid and Rog er Amman of the Swiss Federal Tax Administration for useful information. Financial su pport from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 166618 and Sinergia grant 147668) is gratefully acknowledged. § University of Lausanne and CEPR. Address: Departme n of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC Lausanne), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerlan d; email: marius.brulhart@unil.ch. † MIT and NBER. Address: Department of Economics, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg E52-434, Cambridge, MA 02139; email: gruberj@mit.edu. ‡ University of Lausanne. Address: Department of Eco nomics, Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC Lausanne), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; email: tthias.krapf@unil.ch. ¶ University of Basel, CEPR and CESifo. Address: Wir tschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Peter Merian-Weg 6, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; e-mail: kurt . schmidheiny@unibas.ch.
Annual Review of Control , Robotics , and Autonomous Systems Planning and Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles

In this review, we provide an overview of emerging trends and challenges in the field of intelligent and autonomous, or self-driving, vehicles. Recent advances in the field of perception, planning, and decision-making for autonomous vehicles have led to great improvements in functional capabilities, with several prototypes already driving on our roads and streets. Yet challenges remain regarding guaranteed performance and safety under all driving circumstances. For instance, planning methods that provide safe and systemcompliant performance in complex, cluttered environments while modeling the uncertain interaction with other traffic participants are required. Furthermore, new paradigms, such as interactive planning and end-to-end learning, open up questions regarding safety and reliability that need to be addressed. In this survey, we emphasize recent approaches for integrated perception and planning and for behavior-aware planning, many of which rely on machine learning. This raises the question of verification and safety, which we also touch upon. Finally, we discuss the state of the art and remaining challenges for managing fleets of autonomous vehicles. 187 A nn u. R ev . C on tr ol R ob ot . A ut on . S ys t. 20 18 . 1 :1 87 -2 10 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y D el ft U ni ve rs ity o f T ec hn ol og y on 0 5/ 30 /1 8. F or p er so na l u se o nl y. AS01CH08_Rus ARI 11 April 2018 20:0
Advanced practices and patient safety : an integrative literature review

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Confl ict of interest: none Abstract Objective: To identify, in the national and international literature, advanced practices in nursing that contribute to safe care. Methodology: An integrative review study was conducted in the indexed databases of PubMed, EBSCO, Proquest and Web of Science from June to August 2018 to answer the guiding questions: (1) What studies in the national and international literature relate advanced practices and patient safety? ; and (2) How can advanced practices in nursing contribute to patient safety? The inclusion criteria were: academic articles published in journals (abstract and full text) in Portuguese, English or Spanish, adopting an empirical method of investigation of the study subject. The study had no restriction regarding the publication year. Results: The search in databases resulted in 91 references obtained at fi rst; after analysis, the fi nal sample consisted of 12 studies. Conclusion: The results of this integrative review showed that advanced practices in nursing have a positive relation to patient safety.
Dynamic Bayesian Networks for semantic localization in robotics

This project presents a solution based on Bayesian Artificial Intelligent for the problem of semantic localization in Autonomous Robots. We have developed a methodology that covers the following steps: (1) Image processing and discretization for creating feature-based scene descriptors. (2) Learning of static Bayesian Networks and Naive Bayes classifier. (3) Learning of Dynamical Bayesian Networks. (4) Evaluation of the models. (5) Comparison. We must pay attention to DBNs, which have proven to be a solution to consider. This process includes the use of different software tools, since it is not possible to cover all these fields with only one. That implies a great effort, because we must first know all the tools in order to solve the problem. Moreover, we have to implement our own techniques for the task of tool integration, as well as, a discretization process for histograms and a method of constructing DBNs. All this process has been tested in a real case: the KTH-IDOL2 (Image Database for rObot Localization) dataset for scene classification. Our experimental results show that BN models obtain good accuracy values.
School Counselor Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Related to the Implementation of Standards-Based Comprehensive School Counseling in the United States

As school counselors have adapted to changing policy and social structures, their beliefs, knowledge, and practices have evolved. Over the past two decades, a body of survey research has examined school counselors’ beliefs, knowledge, and practices, though no systematic review exists. In this review, we synthesize and evaluate survey research on the knowledge, beliefs, and practices relevant to the implementation of a standards-based comprehensive school counseling model in the United States. We identify the most salient findings, evaluate the research, identify the most rigorous studies, discuss their findings, and provide recommendations for future research. Considering the recent changes to how funding is distributed to states and schools within the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015, such research is both timely and necessary to help clarify and increase the role school counselors play in helping schools achieve the goals of legislation.
A prospective randomised comparative study between 10 ml and 15 ml of normal saline for epidural volume expansion on 10mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for elective infraumbilical surgeries in adult patients

Introduction: The technique of combined spinal epidural (CSE) anaesthesia has become popular for patients undergoing elective infraumbilical surgeries where intraoperative prolonged and effective post-operative analgesia is required. CSE has the reliability of subarachnoid block as well as the flexibility of epidural block. The epidural volume expansion (EVE) technique is a modification of CSE in which the level of sensory analgesia obtained by subarachnoid block is increased by saline administered through the epidural catheter. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to compare different volumes of normal saline (10ml and 15ml) for epidural volume expansion on spinal anaesthesia with 10 mg (2 ml) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective infraumbilical surgeries in adult patients with respect to sensory and motor block characteristics and haemodynamic stability. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double blind, prospective study, ninety patients of ASA I and II of age group 18 – 59 years undergoing elective infraumbilical surgeries were randomly assigned into three groups namely group 0, group 10 and group 15. Combined Spinal Epidural technique was performed using double segment technique in lateral position in all the patients. Group 0 received 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine intrathecally without EVE, group 10 received 10mg of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine followed by EVE with 10 ml of normal saline, group 15 received 10mg of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine followed by EVE with 15 ml of normal saline. Results: There were no statistically significant difference in the demographic data among the studied groups. Regarding block profile, the time of onset of sensory block was found to be statistically insignificant whereas a significant difference was noted among the three groups regarding maximum level of sensory blockade. Time to achieve maximum level of sensory blockade was observed to be longest in group 15 (mean ± SD: 4.76 ±0.72 minute