Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in semen samples of asymptomatic fertile and infertile men: prevalence and relation between semen parameters and IL-18 levels

Objective: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infections, and the relationship of these infections to semen parameters and proinflammatory cytokine (IL18) levels in both sexually active and asymptomatic men. Materials and methods: One hundred and seventy-five (144 infertile and 31 fertile as control) men were included in this study. The presence of HPV and C. trachomatis were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in semen samples. IL-18 levels were measured using ELISA method in seminal plasma. Results: The prevalence rates were 1.1% and 8.6% for HPV and C. trachomatis, respectively. All HPV positive samples subtyped as high-risk HPV. There was no significant difference for both HPV and C. trachomatis rates between fertile and infertile groups (p>0.05). Although the seminal parameters between infertile and fertile groups were different (p<0.001), the differences of mean IL-18 levels were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevelance rates of HPV and C. trachomatis in asymptomatic sexually active men in our region were comparable with the other studies. These findings might provide a basic data for preventive measures and policy development for sexually transmitted infections in
Exploiting 3D Structure for Scalable Routing in MANETs

Avoiding the mismatch between a physical network (PT) and a logical identifier structure (LIS) in a distributed hash table (DHT) based routing for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) would prevent the problems of long routes, high path-stretch ratio, and increased traffic overhead. To address this mismatch problem, the proposed scheme exploits a 3-dimensional (3D) logical identifier space (LS), where each node computes a consecutive logical identifier (LID) to route packets. The proposed scheme also utilizes 3D-logical identifier structure (3D-LIS) to maintain multi-paths by exploiting multihops at a node to the destination node. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol is better than existing DHT-based routing protocol.
A Substrate-induced Switch in the Reaction Mechanism of a Thermophilic Esterase

The reaction mechanism of the esterase 2 (EST2) from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius was studied at the kinetic and structural level to shed light on the mechanism of activity and substrate specificity increase previously observed in its double mutant M211S/R215L. In particular, the values of kinetic constants (k1, k-1, k2, and k3) along with activation energies (E1, E-1, E2, and E3) were measured for wild type and mutant enzyme. The previously suggested substrate-induced switch in the reaction mechanism from kcat = k3 with a short acyl chain substrate (p-nitrophenyl hexanoate) to kcat = k2 with a long acyl chain substrate (p-nitrophenyl dodecanoate) was validated. The inhibition afforded by an irreversible inhibitor (1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride), structurally related to p-nitrophenyl dodecanoate, was studied by kinetic analysis. Moreover the three-dimensional structure of the double mutant bound to this inhibitor was determined, providing essential information on the enzyme mechanism. In fact, structural analysis explained the observed substrate-induced switch because of an inversion in the binding mode of the long acyl chain derivatives with respect to the acyland alcohol-binding sites.
The probability of identification: applying ideas from forensic statistics to disclosure risk assessment

Summary. The paper establishes a correspondence between statistical disclosure control and forensic statistics regarding their common use of the concept of ‘probability of identification’. The paper then seeks to investigate what lessons for disclosure control can be learnt from the forensic identification literature. The main lesson that is considered is that disclosure risk assessment cannot, in general, ignore the search method that is employed by an intruder seeking to achieve disclosure. The effects of using several search methods are considered. Through consideration of the plausibility of assumptions and ‘worst case’ approaches, the paper suggests how the impact of search method can be handled. The paper focuses on foundations of disclosure risk assessment, providing some justification for some modelling assumptions underlying some existing record level measures of disclosure risk. The paper illustrates the effects of using various search methods in a numerical example based on microdata from a sample from the 2001 UK census.
Targeting NOX, INOS and COX‐2 in inflammatory cells: Chemoprevention using food phytochemicals

Biological, biochemical and physical stimuli activate inflammatory leukocytes, such as macrophages, resulting in induction and synthesis of proinflammatory proteins and enzymes, together with free radicals, as innate immune responses. On the other hand, chronic and dysregulated activation of some inducible enzymes, including NADPH oxidase (NOX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, have been shown to play pivotal roles in the development of certain inflammatory diseases such as oncogenesis. While the use of synthetic agents, especially those targeting molecules, is an attractive and reasonable approach to prevent carcinogenesis, it should be noted that traditional herbs and spices also exist along with their active constituents, which have been demonstrated to disrupt inflammatory signal transduction pathways. In this mini‐review, the molecular mechanisms of activation or induction of NOX, iNOS and COX‐2, as well as some food phytochemicals with marked potential to regulate those key inflammatory molecules, are highlighted. For example, 1′‐acetoxychavicol acetate, which occurs in the rhizomes of the subtropical Zingiberaceae plant, has been shown to attenuate NOX‐derived superoxide generation in macrophages, as well as lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production through the suppression of iNOS and COX‐2 synthesis, respectively. Notably, this phytochemical has exhibited a wide range of cancer prevention activities in several rodent models of inflammation‐associated carcinogenesis. Herein, the cancer preventive potentials of several food phytochemicals targeting the induction of NOX, iNOS and COX‐2 are described. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antipsychotic use among nursing home residents.

in the contemporary era, in a trial of 45 852 patients with acute MI, neither a composite outcome of death, reinfarction, or cardiac arrest nor death was significantly reduced by metoprolol compared with placebo. More recent trials suggest that long-term -blocker use is not a necessity for patients without heart failure. While it is true that many patients were excluded from the propensity score–matched analysis, the online supplement included a regression adjustment to a propensity score, in which all patients were included and the results were similar to the main analysis. Moreover, the analysis with -blocker use as a time-dependent covariate showed results that were similar to the main analysis. Drs Costagliola and Hernán state that our article illustrates several ways an observational study may differ from an RCT. As outlined in our response above, the results of our observational study are not very different from RCTs in patients without heart failure. While the concerns about enrolling patients with prevalent -blocker use and immortal time bias are valid and are limitations of the study, it should be noted that the results of our study are not vastly different from those of RCTs. Despite this, we agree and stated in the article that observational studies have inherent limitations, including inability to correct for unmeasured confounders. The results of our study are hypothesis generating and should be confirmed in future RCTs. Until that time, physicians should base recommendations for -blocker use on RCTs. However, in patients without heart failure, this evidence for the prevention of long-term clinical outcomes is nonexistent.
A systematic review on the treatment of phantom limb pain with spinal cord stimulation.

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a challenging chronic pain syndrome to treat with pharmacologic agents being first line of management. However, when these agents fail to provide pain relief, other interventions must be considered in a clinical setting. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to provide analgesia in PLP, and should be considered by clinicians. METHODS This PRISMA systematic review analyzes the efficacy of SCS for treatment of PLP. RESULTS After review of 12 studies, there are mixed results to base a conclusion on. DISCUSSION While there is some evidence of efficacy, due to the relatively small number of patients in each study, further research is needed to demonstrate the benefits of SCS for PLP.
Design and Implementation of a Genomics Field Trip Program Aimed at Secondary School Students

With the rapid pace of advancements in biological research brought about by the application of computer science and information technology, we believe the time is right for introducing genomics and bioinformatics tools and concepts to secondary school students. Our approach has been to offer a full-day field trip in our research facility where secondary school students carry out experiments at the laboratory bench and on a laptop computer. This experience offers benefits for students, teachers, and field trip instructors. In delivering a wide variety of science outreach and education programs, we have learned that a number of factors contribute to designing a successful experience for secondary school students. First, it is important to engage students with authentic and fun activities that are linked to real-world applications and/or research questions. Second, connecting with a local high school teacher to pilot programs and linking to curricula taught in secondary schools will enrich the field trip experience. Whether or not programs are linked directly to local teachers, it is important to be flexible and build in mechanisms for collecting feedback in field trip programs. Finally, graduate students can be very powerful mentors for students and should be encouraged to share their enthusiasm for science and to talk about career paths. Our experiences suggest a real need for effective science outreach programs at the secondary school level and that genomics and bioinformatics are ideal areas to explore.
ENERGETICS OF CLIMATE MODELS: NET ENERGY BALANCE AND MERIDIONAL ENTHALPY TRANSPORT

We analyze the publicly released outputs of the simulations performed by climate models (CMs) in preindustrial (PI) and Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRESA1B) conditions. In the PI simulations, most CMs feature biases of the order of 1 W m−2 for the net global and the net atmospheric, oceanic, and land energy balances. This does not result from transient effects but depends on the imperfect closure of the energy cycle in the fluid components and on inconsistencies over land. Thus, the planetary emission temperature is underestimated, which may explain the CMs' cold bias. In the PI scenario, CMs agree on the meridional atmospheric enthalpy transport's peak location (around 40°N/S), while discrepancies of ∼20% exist on the intensity. Disagreements on the oceanic transport peaks' location and intensity amount to ∼10° and ∼50%, respectively. In the SRESA1B runs, the atmospheric transport's peak shifts poleward, and its intensity increases up to ∼10% in both hemispheres. In most CMs, the Northern Hemispheric oceanic transport decreases, and the peaks shift equatorward in both hemispheres. The Bjerknes compensation mechanism is active both on climatological and interannual time scales. The total meridional transport peaks around 35° in both hemispheres and scenarios, whereas disagreements on the intensity reach ∼20%. With increased CO2 concentration, the total transport increases up to ∼10%, thus contributing to polar amplification of global warming. Advances are needed for achieving a self‐consistent representation of climate as a nonequilibrium thermodynamical system. This is crucial for improving the CMs' skill in representing past and future climate changes.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and angiographic profile of acute coronary syndrome patients in a tertiary care center of Nepal.

Background and Aims: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of clinical symptoms consistent with new onset or worsening ischemic symptoms. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) are the three types of ACS. The objectives were to study the risk factors prevalence, angiographic distribution and severity of coronary artery stenosis in ACS among patients admitted in Cardiology Department of Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center (MCVTC). Methods: This is a restrospective study of 419 ACS patients admitted and treated in MCVTC from November 2017 to October 2018. Patients were divided into STEMI, NSTEMI and UA then analyzed for various risk factors, angiographic patterns and severity of coronary artery disease. Results: Mean age of presentation was 59. 3Å}12.8 years. Majority were male 317(75.7%). Most patients had STEMI 252 (60.1%) followed by NSTEMI 98 (23.4%) and UA 69 (16.5 %). Risk factors: smoking was present in 241 (57.5%), hypertension in 212 (50.6%), diabetes in 144 (34.4%), dyslipidemia in 58 (13.8%). Single-vessel disease was present in 34.6 % patients, double- vessel disease was present in 27.44 % patients and triple vessel disease was present in 26.3 % patients, left main disease in 1.4 % patients. Normal coronaries were present in 6.4% patients and minor coronary artery disease in 3.8 % patients. Conclusions: STEMI was the most common presentation. Three quarters of ACS were male patients. Smoking was most prevalent risk factor. Single vessel involvement was the most common CAG finding in all spectrum of ACS. Diabetic patients had more multivessel disease.
Vacation—Still an Issue of Workers' Protection? An Empirical Study of Vacation and Recuperation

The aim of this study was to investigate how commonly employees take vacation or compensatory leave instead of sick leave, and how commonly they do not feel rested/recuperated following a fairly lengthy vacation. In the study group (n = 2,536), consisting of a representative sample based on Sweden's regular labor-market surveys, 14 percent of subjects had taken vacation or compensatory leave over the previous 12 months instead of taking sick leave. As many as 15 percent of subjects in the entire sample reported not being rested/recuperated when returning to work following several weeks' leave. A stepwise logistic regression prediction model was constructed to compute the probabilities of not being recuperated. Personal financial situation is a contributory factor, but there is also a strong correlation with the way work is organized.
Operational Security Log Analytics for Enterprise Breach Detection

Enterprises today are facing an increasing number of criminal threats ranging from financially motivated and opportunistic malware to more advanced targeted attacks organized by nation-state actors. To protect against these threats, enterprises deploy a number of perimeter defenses, including traditional controls (antivirus software, intrusion detection systems, firewalls) and more advanced techniques (web proxies or deep packet inspection products). Organizations collect and store the log data generated by these security controls, but this data is most of the time used for forensic investigation once an attack has been discovered by an external mechanism. In this paper, we describe a security log analytics framework for proactive breach detection, which we have tested on three applications. We summarize the algorithms and detection results from our previous work ([13, 20, 21]). Compared to other research in this area, our framework analyzes multiple sources of security logs, performs large-scale analysis, and is continuously refined from feedback given by security experts. Our techniques have been successfully used in operational setting in a large organization and are currently integrated in a real-time behavior analytics product.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the insulin and growth hormone gene with growth traits of Mia Chicken

This study was conducted in Mia chicken breed to evaluate the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in insulin (INS) and growth hormone (GH) genes, with growth traits. Three genotypes for the SNP A3971G of INS gene and the SNP G662A and C423T of GH gene were present in the population while only two genotypes were found in the Mia chicken breed for SNP T3737C of INS gene (TT and TC). The SNP T3737C INS gene and G662A GH gene had significant association with growth traits (P less than 0.05). A significant association of T3737C INS gene with body weight (BW) was observed at 10 to 12 weeks of age and average daily gain (ADG) at 6-8 weeks of age. The SNP G662A of the GH gene was significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with BW of Mia chicken at ages from 7 to 14 weeks and with ADG (4-6; 6-8; 8-10; 10-12 and 2-16 weeks). Chicken with the GG genotype had greater BW and ADG compared to the other genotypes. The results demonstrated that this SNP G662A GH gene may be used as a candidate marker gene for genetic improvement of growth traits in Mia chicken breed.
Neuro-muscular control of dipteran flight.

1. Electrical activity from the indirect, myogenic muscles of calliphorid flies was recorded during flight. The animals were suspended from an aerodynamic balance in the laminar air-stream from a wind-tunnel. Muscle action potentials, recorded with 25µ wire, were 5-7 msec. in duration, up to 10mV. in amplitude and positive in sign. Frequencies were mostly under 20/sec. 2. Frequencies in all the indirect muscles were similar, but these varied together with changes in aerodynamic power. 3. Frequencies in the indirect muscles of the two sides varied by no more than ± 10% during extreme turns to right or left (only left or only right wing beating). 4. Electrical records from the non-myogenic direct muscles were made during tethered flight. The potentials were 2-4 msec. in duration, up to 2 mV. positive and had frequencies up to 180/sec. 5. A nearly linear positive correlation exists between impulse frequency in the musculus latus (pleurosternal muscle), the inward movement of the pleural wall, and the wingbeat frequency, suggesting that this muscle is the basic frequency determiner. 6. Strong turning behaviour is associated with opposed frequency changes in the pairs of antagonistic adductor and abductor muscles of the wings on the two sides of the body. 7. The musculus dorsoventralis IV (tergo-trochanteral) is activated by a short impulse burst at the beginning of flight. It apparently acts as an oscillation starter. 8. Flight initiation normally requires 30-60 msec. Usually activity begins in the musculus latus, which stiffens the thorax. Then simultaneously the myogenic muscles are activated and the ‘starter’ muscle causes a jump and the beginning of oscillation of the thorax. Then the wings are drawn gradually forward and full wingbeat amplitude develops within the first six wingbeats. Flight begins with maximal lift and wingbeat frequency and a nearly synchronous burst discharge in all the indirect muscles. 9. Power production and the transmission and distribution of power are under separate control. The myogenic indirect motor varies only in total power output, this being influenced by its own state of excitation and by a muscle-controlling wingbeat frequency. Steering is accomplished by non-myogenic direct muscles which are capable of differentially engaging the two wings with the motor.
Mobile Crowdsensing from a Selfish Routing Perspective

We present a selfish routing model to optimize the allocation of tasks in a mobile crowdsensing (MCS) system. The players of our game are sensing service requesters that wish to route their demand along paths that are made up of resources belonging to the crowd participants. Resource usage involves load-dependent costs and one resource may serve several requests at the same time. Due to human involvement and mobility there exists uncertainty, which we address by introducing certainty parameters. For the Nash equilibria of our game, we can transfer efficiency guarantees, i.e., the worst-case ratio between the welfare of an equilibrium and the welfare of a social optimum is provably bounded by a small constant when cost functions are polynomials. An epsilon-approximation of a Nash equilibrium solution can be computed in polynomial time for affine cost functions. Based on our model, we develop a mechanism for the automation of efficient task allocations in MCS systems and we present a proof for the truthfulness of this mechanism.
PKB/Akt inhibits ceramide‐induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by blocking apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) translocation

Ceramide is a sphingolipid that is abundant in the plasma membrane of neuronal cells and is thought to have regulatory roles in cell differentiation and cell death. Ceramide is known to induce apoptosis in a variety of different cell types, whereas the physiological significance of gangliosides, another class of sphingolipids, in these processes is still unclear. We examined the mechanisms of ceramide‐induced cell death using a human neuroblastoma cell line. Treatment of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y with ceramide induced dephosphorylation of the PKB/Akt kinase and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, ceramide‐induced neuronal cell death was not completely blocked by inhibition of caspase activity. This incomplete inhibition appeared to be attributable to the translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor to the nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of active PKB/Akt or Bcl‐2 successfully blocked ceramide‐induced neuronal cell death through inhibition of the translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1160–1170, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE LITHIUM TREATMENT OF MANIACAL PSYCHOSIS

averaged about 60 pel' year and the recovery rate about 50%. This admission rate is only a little more than half the number expected when calculated from the admission rats of fifteen years previously, and when allowance is made for the increased population. In other words, nearly half the melancholics are being so successfully treated that they are never admitted to mental hospitals. The figures for recovery in mental hospitals are not very impressive even with modern treatment-50 % against the spontaneous rate of 38%. But remember that those admitted to mental hospitals must include most of those who have failed to respond to treatment elsewhere.