Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summertime observations of elevated levels of ultrafine particles in the high Arctic marine boundary layer

Abstract. Motivated by increasing levels of open ocean in the Arctic summer and the lack of prior altitude-resolved studies, extensive aerosol measurements were made during 11 flights of the NETCARE July 2014 airborne campaign from Resolute Bay, Nunavut. Flights included vertical profiles (60 to 3000 m above ground level) over open ocean, fast ice, and boundary layer clouds and fogs. A general conclusion, from observations of particle numbers between 5 and 20 nm in diameter (N5 − 20), is that ultrafine particle formation occurs readily in the Canadian high Arctic marine boundary layer, especially just above ocean and clouds, reaching values of a few thousand particles cm−3. By contrast, ultrafine particle concentrations are much lower in the free troposphere. Elevated levels of larger particles (for example, from 20 to 40 nm in size, N20 − 40) are sometimes associated with high N5 − 20, especially over low clouds, suggestive of aerosol growth. The number densities of particles greater than 40 nm in diameter (N > 40) are relatively depleted at the lowest altitudes, indicative of depositional processes that will lower the condensation sink and promote new particle formation. The number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN; measured at 0.6 % supersaturation) are positively correlated with the numbers of small particles (down to roughly 30 nm), indicating that some fraction of these newly formed particles are capable of being involved in cloud activation. Given that the summertime marine Arctic is a biologically active region, it is important to better establish the links between emissions from the ocean and the formation and growth of ultrafine particles within this rapidly changing environment.
Growth and Gonad Quality of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Broodstock Fed Varying Dietary Protein Levels.

Growth performance and gonad development of female broodstock of Clarias gariepinus was investigated in the study for 70 days. Fish were fed diets with varying crude protein levels; 30, 35 and 40% in triplicates with imported feed as control. Proximate analysis of feeds, fish and eggs were done and data were collected on fish growth and nutrient utilization efficiency fortnightly. Results showed that fish fed diets with 35% crude protein exhibited superior (P<0.05) growth rate, feed conversion ratio and apparent net protein utilization than fish fed diet with 40% crude protein. Fish fed diets with 35 and 40% crude protein had higher crude protein values for carcass and for eggs while both were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the crude protein content in the carcass and eggs of diet with 35% crude protein. Egg development was however higher in fish fed 40% crude protein diet but with marginal differences as compared to the values obtained in fish fed 35% crude protein diet. Result showed that diet with 35% crude protein produced good growth rate in catfish brood stock and better nutrient utilization as well as improved egg development and maturity than fish fed diet with 30% crude protein.
Success Factors in Leveraging the Corporate Information and Knowledge Resource Through Intranets

Copyright © 2000, Idea Group Publishing. The chapter presents the empirical findings of two large organizations’ attempts at competitively leveraging the knowledge and information sharing capabilities of intranets. The work sought to identify the organization and management requirements that are critical to the realization of business benefits of intranet investments. The qualitative analysis suggests that intranets do provide a communications infrastructure that enables communities to exploit their information and knowledge resources for improved business performance provided a number of enabling changes is implemented. Next to the provision of continual user training, the user community must compile the business case, appoint the content manager, and negotiate guidelines for use. Unless these organizational and management changes constitute an integral part of the implementation strategy, the intranet will fail to deliver its investment objectives.
Nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance and foldover in yttrium iron garnet thin films-inadequacy of the classical model

A thin-film resonator structure has been used for quantitative measurements of ferromagnetic resonance foldover and the associated bistable power response for yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films. The resonator consisted of a 1-mm by 1-mm-square, 4.9 /spl mu/m-thick epitaxial YIG film on top of a 50 /spl mu/m-wide, 3-mm-long microstrip transducer. A static magnetic field of 3200 Oe was applied perpendicular to the film. Low- order magnetostatic forward volume wave standing modes were excited at low power levels in the -20-dBm range and detected as resonance dips in reflected power versus frequency spectra over the range 4-5 GHz. At powers in the 0- to +15-dBm range, these dips showed foldover and bistable response characteristics for increasing and decreasing frequency or power sweeps. The use of 1-10-/spl mu/s-wide pulses instead of continuous-wave (CW) excitation resulted in the consistent disappearance of the foldover and bistability characteristics. The frequency sweep pulse data at fixed power reproduced the down-sweep CW results, and the pulse data for both increasing and decreasing power at fixed frequency reproduced the increasing-power CW results. A quantitative theoretical analysis demonstrates that observed foldover and bistable response characteristics are much weaker than predicted from the classical precession foldover mechanism proposed by Anderson and Suhl, in which the decrease in the static component of the magnetization drives the response. The up-sweep and down-sweep foldover frequency jumps both occur sooner than predicted by this classical mechanism and the calculated foldover profiles are much more severe than the data show.
Resilience and Poly-Victimization among Two Cohorts of Norwegian Youth

Previous research shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between being a victim of violence and experiencing high levels of psychological problems among young people. Conversely, resilience is negatively associated with psychological problems among young people in general, and this negative association is particularly strong among victims of violence. Our study examines resilience among young people (aged ≥ 18 years) who reported being victims of multiple forms of violence during childhood and adolescence using data from two national youth surveys administered in Norway in 2007 (N = 7033) and 2015 (N = 4531), respectively. We first compared the score of resilience, as measured by the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ), and the prevalence of poly-victimization, as identified by the number of young people in our study who were exposed to three of the four forms of violence (i.e., non-physical violence, witnessing violence against parents, physical violence, and sexual abuse). Second, we tested our hypothesis using our data and found that resilience—individuals’ capacity to handle adversity, as well as their use of social and cultural resources when facing adversity—moderates the association between poly-victimization and the onset of psychological problems.
Vertical variation in photosynthetic parameters in two different tropical forest ecosystems

Forests contribute to the carbon balance as the largest vegetative sink for atmospheric carbon (CO2). Anthropogenic emissions are counteracted by carbon sequestration in trees, but nutrients could be limiting photosynthesis and the effect could possibly be not as large as believed. In tropical forests, phosphorus (P) is only available from weathered bedrock and is thereby in an imbalance with the rising levels of carbon and nitrogen in the atmosphere. If P is limiting carbon uptake in tropical forests, global carbon cycle models are likely overestimating uptake by forests. Another overestimation might be to only conduct photosynthesis measurements on sunlit leaves of the canopy and take this as an overall canopy average, whilst a vertical profile in photosynthesis is very likely. Our study was conducted on two sites of the Amazonian rain forest in French Guiana. Photosynthesis and dark respiration (Rd) was measured of 120 trees in 12 plots per site. The plots were situated along a geographical gradient (at top, slope and bottom) to cover a large variety in soil P concentration. We derived the photosynthetic parameters Vcmax and Jmax from the photosynthesis measurements using the Farquhar model (Farquhar et al., 1980). The measurements were performed at two different height levels in the canopy to investigate the vertical profile. In this study we aimed to relate the spatial and vertical variability to parameters such as leaf P concentration, leaf height, light availability, the specific leaf area and the chlorophyll content (SPAD). Soil P concentrations were correlated with the leaf P concentrations, which indicates P uptake from the soil is limited. There were significant vertical differences in the leaves in Vcmax, Jmax, Rd and leaf P concentrations. We conclude that P limits the photosynthetic capacity in our study areas and vertical profiles of photosynthesis should be taken into account when estimating carbon uptake by a tropical forest ecosystem.
Fruit production and classification of four cherry tomato genotypes under an organic cropping system

A field experiment was carried out in the Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil, during the summer of 2008-2009, to evaluate the productive features of cherry tomato genotypes cultivated under different spacing, in an organic cropping system. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial scheme with three replications. The experimental plot was made up of four rows (spaced 1.00 m between rows) with thirty two plants each, utilizing the eight central plants for the analysis. The treatments consisted of three genotypes of cherry tomatoes (CH152, CLN1561-A and Carolina) and four spacings between plants (0.40; 0.60; 0.80; 1.00 m). The fruit percentage in the different diameter classes and the commercial fruits yield per plant and hectare were evaluated. The CH152 genotype produced a greater percentage of noncommercial fruit (with diameter less than 20 mm). The greatest percentage of fruit classified with the largest diameters (above 30 mm) was achieved by the CLN1561A genotype. The highest commercial yields of fruit per plant and per area were found in the CLN1561A genotype, pointing it out as a promising genotype for an organic crop in the summer in the north of Minas Gerais
Pharmacological means to improve patients’ mood. Are they effective and safe?

Low mood and depression can be treated with many non-pharmacological means. However, in terminally ill these means are sometimes insufficient and the doctors need to prescribe drugs. In this article I shall discuss simple and proven drugs that improve patients mood and, some of them do have proven antidepressant activity. I shall discuss methylphenidate, ketamine, cannabinoids and buprenorphine in more detail. Cautious use of these drugs in different clinical situations may improve nearly instantly quality of life and quality of dying. However, unskilled use of some of them may result in earlier death, neurosis, epilepsy and even psychosis.
Modified Ratio Estimators Using Known Median and Co-Efficent of Kurtosis

The present paper deals with two modified ratio estimators for estimation of population mean of the study variable using the linear combination of the known population values of the Median and the Co-efficient of Kurtosis of the auxiliary variable. The biases and the mean squared errors of the proposed estimators are derived and are compared with that of existing modified ratio estimators for certain natural populations. Further we have also derived the conditions for which the proposed estimators perform better than the existing modified ratio estimators. From the numerical study it is also observed that the proposed modified ratio estimators perform better than the existing modified ratio estimators.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Lavandula multifida L.

The use of antibiotics continues to select resistant bacteria and fungi hence the need to search for new effective molecules. Natural product seems to be a promising source of inhibitory substances, among these substances essential oils extracted mainly from medicinal plants often have a remarkable effect on the microorganisms. In this work we studied the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of medicinal plant Lavandula multifida L. on human Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria by the method ofdiscs impregnated with different volumes of oil and the measure of MICs. The results show a remarkable effect on the different bacterial strains. Keywords: Lavandula multifida, antimicrobial activity, MICs, antibiogram, essential oil.
Sex‐specific patterns in body condition and testosterone level changes in a territorial migratory bird: the Bluethroat Luscinia svecica

The Bluethroat Luscinia svecica is a migratory passerine that exhibits a socially monogamous pair bond and a high level of parental care. Males are territorial both when wintering and breeding whereas females are territorial only in winter. We investigated changes in body condition and testosterone levels during successive life-history stages and determined their relationships. Sex-specific patterns were observed in the variation in body condition and testosterone level. Male body condition varied mainly during the winter. It peaked at the onset of the prenuptial moult and then decreased, whereas it remained stable throughout breeding. In contrast, female body condition varied mainly during the breeding season. It increased during the prelaying stage and then abruptly decreased until fledgling provisioning. As in other monogamous and territorial passerines, testosterone levels in Bluethroat males were low during winter, increased in late winter, peaked during the prelaying stage and then decreased when provisioning young. In wintering females, territorial competition caused testosterone levels to rise. These females were able to produce territorial vocalizations and exhibit aggressive postures. Females showed higher mean testosterone levels than males when wintering whereas the opposite was observed when breeding. Our data from wintering female Bluethroats support the ‘challenge hypothesis’ under which high testosterone levels are associated with periods of social instability, and testosterone can regulate female territorial behaviour during this period.
Testing the Expectations Hypothesis on Corporate Bond Yields

This paper has the purpose of testing the expectations hypothesis of the term structure for two corporate bond yields. A new test is developed based on an ARIMA data generation process of the short rate, and on the derivation of a relation between the change in the long rate and revisions of expectations of future short rates. The paper makes the point that adjustment of the change in the long rate to short rate news does not occur instantaneously but is dynamic over time. For this reason a polynomial distributed lag of the rate news, which provides support to the expectations hypothesis, is estimated. This is quite remarkable because the liquidity, term, and default risk premiums are left out of the analysis.
Abteilung Molekulare Botanik

RNA editing in flowering plant mitochondria alters numerous C nucleotides in a given mRNA molecule to U residues. To investigate whether neighbouring editing sites can influence each other we analyzed in vitro RNA editing of two sites spaced 30 nt apart. Deletion and competition experiments show that these two sites carry independent essential specificity determinants in the respective upstream 20–30 nucleotides. However, deletion of a an upstream sequence region promoting editing of the upstream site concomitantly decreases RNA editing of the second site 50–70 nucleotides downstream. This result suggests that supporting cis-/trans-interactions can be effective over larger distances and can affect more than one editing event. 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Image Quality and Radiation Dose Comparison between Filtered Back Projection and Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction in Non-contrast Head CT Studies

Purpose: The goal of the study was to compare the total radiation dose and subjective image quality between conventional Filtered Back Projection (FBP) and Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) in non-contrast head CT. Method: Forty seven patients underwent non contrast head CT with image reconstruction using 100% FBP. The same set of patients underwent subsequent non contrast head CT within 6 months using combination of ASIR and FBP reconstruction. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Objective assessment of total radiation dose was obtained by measuring the dose length product (DLP) and effective radiation dose. Subjective image quality was assessed by 2 attending radiologists who were blinded to the scanning technique. All images were graded for sharpness, image noise and overall image quality on a 5 point Likert scale. Both subjective and objective measurements from the two sets of images were compared. Paired Student’s t-Test was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant reduction in DLP with the application ASIR from 1781.7 (310) to 1098.9 (SD 281.4) mGy-cm (p<0.01), resulting in mean total dose reduction of 38.4%. The total effective dose also showed similar reduction from 3.9 (SD 0.68) to 2.4 (SD 0.62) mSv (P<0.01). Subjective score for image noise was 4.44 (SD 0.43) and 4.40 (SD 0.48), before and after application of ASIR, respectively (p=0.59). Overall image quality scores were 4.87 (SD 0.33) and 4.85 (0.36) before and after application of ASIR, respectively (p=0.12). Subjective scores for image sharpness decreased after application of ASIR from 4.94 (SD 0.24) to 4.77 (SD 0.47) (p=0.04) Conclusion: Compared to conventional FBP reconstruction, combination of ASIR with FBP reconstruction results in significant reduction in total radiation dose without affecting the overall image quality in non-contrast head CT.
Meteorite Fall at Sadiya, India: A Raman Spectroscopic Classification

This report demonstrates compositional, spectroscopic and mineralogical analysis of a new meteorite that fell at Natun Balijan village of Sunpura, Sadiya, India on June 5, 2017. The olivine and pyroxene composition (Fa28.97; Fo71.03; Fs24.47; En74.03 and Wo1.5) of the meteorite are determined. The measured Raman band positions are consistent with chemical composition for olivine and pyroxene. The compositional and spectroscopic analysis of the Sadiya meteorite sample show that the meteorite belongs to LL-5 type chondrite.
Influence of sickle heterozygous status and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on the clinico-haematolgoical profile of Plasmodium falciparum-infected children

Sickle haemoglobin (HbS) and glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme deficiency genes are known to offer reliable protection against falciparum malaria in malaria endemic areas of the world. However, the mechanism of protection is not yet completely understood. In this study, we investigated the contribution of HbS and G6PD enzyme deficiency status in ameliorating the severity of malaria attack by comparing the clinical symptoms, parasitaemia and haematological profiles of Plasmodium falciparum–infected volunteer children. The selected group of children, G6PD deficient sickle heterozygotes (HbAS) (n = 5), G6PD non–deficient HbAS (n = 30), G6PD deficient dominant homozygotes (HbAA) (n = 10) and G6PD non–deficient HbAA (n = 30) were monitored for a period of one year with a view to elucidating further the involvement of HbS and G6PD enzyme deficiency in the protection of children against plasmodial infection. Results revealed greater severity (indicated by malarial anaemia), higher incidence of atypical thrombocytopenia, high white blood cell (WBC) counts and significantly higher (P attack. These results seem to indicate that inheriting both genetic defects reduces the profligacy of malaria parasite and hence, ameliorate the severity of acute falciparum malaria. Consequently, selective advantage against fatal falciparum malaria seems to be conferred since malarial anaemia, parasitaemia and severe malarial symptoms were significantly reduced.
Windows to Functional Decline: Naturalistic Eye Movements in Older and Younger Adults

Subtle changes in everyday tasks precede and predict future disability in older adults. Eye tracking may provide a sensitive tool for detecting subtle disruption of everyday task performance and informing the mechanism(s) of breakdown. We tracked eye movements of healthy older adults (OA, n = 24) and younger adults (YA, n = 25) while they passively viewed a naturalistic scene (Passive Viewing condition) and then verbally reported the necessary steps for achieving a task goal (e.g., pack a lunch; Verbalize Goal condition). Participants also completed a performance-based task of packing a lunch using real objects as well as neuropsychological tests. Group (young vs. old) by Condition (Passive Viewing vs. Verbalize Goal) ANOVAs were conducted to analyze eye tracking variables (i.e., fixation rate, number/duration of fixations to target/distractor objects and off objects). Both the younger and older adults made significantly fewer fixations to distractors during Verbalize Goal than Passive Viewing. Also, significant Group × Condition interactions were observed, indicating that younger adults, but not older adults, spent significantly more time viewing targets and less time off-objects in the goal driven, Verbalize Goal condition than the Passive Viewing condition. Goal-directed eye movements correlated with everyday action errors and tests of executive functioning. Taken together, results support theories of age-related decline in top-down cognitive control and indicate the potential utility of this eye tracking paradigm in detecting subtle age-related functional changes.
Marine fish life history strategies: applications to fishery management

The life history traits of 42 marine fish species were grouped according to the theoretical classifications of life history strategies. This provides a conceptual framework of management options, because life history strategies are the underlying determinants for population responses to climate and ocean changes, they can be used to classify typical population responses. When faced with providing management advice for species for which there is no information on absolute or relative biomass, such as newly exploited species, life history traits can be used to classify the species into a strategist grouping and the appropriate management options can be selected from the conceptual framework.
Understanding and researching complexity with Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Evaluating transportation infrastructure projects

This article proposes a complexity-informed framework for evaluating transportation infrastructure projects. The article does this through four steps. First, the properties of infrastructure development projects are discussed. This leads to the conclusion that the specific locality or contextualization of a given project is important for explaining the outcome. Hence, there is a need for an ontology and epistemology that addresses the importance of this contextualization. The second step concerns the development of the prerequisites for a methodological framework that follows from this epistemology and ontology. The third step is the assessment of common infrastructure evaluation methods against these prerequisites. This leads to the conclusion that a comparative case-based approach is the most suitable way to study the relationship between context and outcomes in projects. A framework based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is presented in the fourth step. The article concludes with a discussion of the further development of QCA.