Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Dental Attrition and its Association with Factors of Age, Gender, Occlusion, and TMJ Symptomatology

Dental attrition severity in 222 young adults was assessed from dental casts as the sum of the most severe facet in each arch segment. The attrition scores were compared by age, gender, bruxism awareness, prior bite adjustment, orthodontic class, maxillomandibular relationship, and temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms. Awareness of bruxism was not associated with the wear scores and should not be used to define bruxist groups. Attrition scores did not differ significantly between age groups, indicating that notable attrition, when present, often occurs early. Men had higher attrition scores than women (p<0.01), despite fewer signs and symptoms. Dental attrition was not associated with the presence or absence of TMJ clicking, TMJ tenderness, or masticatory muscle tenderness. Class II division 2 males had laterotrusive attrition scores lower than those of Class III (p<0.05). Class III females had lower incisor attrition scores than did other Angle Classes (p<0.05). Discernible dental attrition in a non-patient population was not associated with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, nor with the occlusal factors studied. These results are compatible with the findings in other studies that point to bruxism as a centrally induced phenomenon common to all people and unrelated to local factors.
Cutting Edge: MHC Class II-Restricted Killing In Vivo during Viral Infection1

Class II-restricted CD4 T cell-mediated killing of target cells has previously been documented in vitro but not in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate CD4-dependent MHC class II-restricted killing in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice in vivo using an in vivo cytotoxicity assay that features class II-expressing B cells as targets.
Dementia Caregiving During the “Stay-at-Home” Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess family caregivers’ primary appraisal of stressors related to COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, secondary appraisal of resources and support availability, and use of coping strategies as predictors of perceived role overload during the stay-at-home phase of the pandemic. Method Telephone interviews with 53 family caregivers of persons with dementia from rural Virginia 2 weeks after enactment of the governor’s stay-at-home order using structured and open-ended questions were conducted. Results Caregivers who were more concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic were at greater odds of experiencing high role overload than those who recognized positive aspects of the pandemic, as were those who received insufficient support from family and friends. Discussion Use of the transactional model of stress responses yielded important insights about families coping with dementia. Caregivers’ perceptions of the pandemic’s impact varied, with differential effects on their well-being.
Avian Companionship in Alleviation of Depression, Loneliness, and Low Morale of Older Adults in Skilled Rehabilitation Units

To assess effects of a companion bird on the depression, morale, and loneliness of 40 older adults in a skilled rehabilitation unit, self-reported measures of depression, loneliness, and morale were completed on admission and 10 days later. With the presence of a companion bird the experimental group (n = 20) showed a significant decrease in depression but none in morale or loneliness from the control group (n = 20) who were without a bird. Use of a companion bird may lessen negative effects of change of residence for older adults.
Dust detection over bright surfaces using high-resolution visible SEVIRI images

Reflectance observations from the high-resolution visible (HRV) channel of the SEVIRI instrument, onboard Meteosat Second Generation, have shown to be sensitive to dust over bright surfaces, i.e. bright desert sand. This was observed when deriving the cloud index from the HRV channel for dusty days over the desert environment of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sensitivity of the HRV channel to dust could then be used to derive an index giving an indication of the dust conditions in the atmosphere. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose an index, the interception index, for dust detection over bright desert surfaces in the UAE using the HRV SEVIRI channel. The ability of the interception index to estimate the direct normal irradiance is also investigated.
Rat intralaminar thalamic nuclei projections to the globus pallidus: A biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing study

The topographical organization and ultrastructural features of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) projections to the globus pallidus (GP) were studied using the biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) anterograde tracing method in the rat. To assess the functional association of BDA injection sites in the ITN, the known topographical organization of the ITN‐neostriatal (Str) projections and calcium binding protein (CaBP) immunostaining patterns of the Str and GP were used. BDA injection in the lateral part of the lateral parafascicular nucleus and the caudal part of the central lateral nucleus labeled fibers and boutons mainly in the dorsolateral sensorimotor territory of the Str and the middle territories of the GP. BDA injection in the medial part of the lateral parafascicular nucleus and the central lateral nucleus labeled mainly the middle association territory of the Str and the border and the caudomedial territories of the GP. BDA injection in the medial parafascicular nucleus and the central medial nucleus labeled mainly the medial limbic territory of the Str. The medial parafascicular nucleus projected to the medial‐most region of the GP, while the central medial nucleus projection to the GP was very sparse. Electron microscopic observations indicated that BDA‐labeled boutons form asymmetric synapses mainly on 0.5–2.0 μm diameter dendritic shafts in the GP. The boutons were small but had a relatively long active zone. The present observations together with the known topographical organization of striatopallidal projections indicated that the ITN‐GP projections were topographically organized in parallel to the ITN‐Str projections. Thus, each part of the ITN projecting to the sensorimotor, the association, and the limbic territories of the Str also projects to the corresponding functional territories of the GP. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:153–167, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Distance Measures Using K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm on KDD Dataset

: Classification is the process of analyzing the input data and building a model that describes data classes. K-Nearest Neighbor is a classification algorithm that is used to find class label of unknown tuples. Distance measure functions are very important for calculating distance between test and training tuples. Main aim of this paper is to analyze and compare Euclidian distance, Chebychev distance and Manhattan distance function using K-Nearest Neighbor. These distance measures are compared in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, false positive rate and false negative rate on KDD dataset. Manhattan distance gives high performance.
Lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: results of therapeutic lymph node dissection.

BACKGROUND Cervical lymph node metastases are quite common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and they usually spread in a contiguous fashion. However, "skip metastasis," defined as lateral lymph node metastasis without central lymph node metastasis, also occurs in patients with PTC. There is little information regarding skip metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated clinical and imaging features of skip metastasis in PTMC. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 245 patients with PTMC who underwent either thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection or thyroidectomy, central lymph node dissection, and lateral lymph node dissection if preoperative ultrasonography or computed tomography suggested lateral node metastasis. Clinicopathologic results were reviewed, and the patterns of cervical lymph node metastasis were analyzed. RESULTS Cervical lymph node metastases were present in 26.5% of cases. The frequency of lymph node metastases was 21.8% in the group that only had thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection and 51.3% in the group that had thyroidectomy, central lymph node dissection, and lateral lymph node dissection. Younger age, larger tumor size, multiplicity, bilaterality, encapsulation, extrathyroid extension, and lymphatic invasion were associated with metastasis to nodes in the central or lateral compartment. Lateral lymph node dissection was performed in 15.9% of patients. Skip metastasis was observed in 7.7% of the cases in which combined central and lateral node dissection was performed. No features of the primary thyroid tumor could be associated with the development of skip metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Skip metastases occur in a minority of patients with PTMC. We recommend, therefore, that preoperative studies in patients suspected of having PTMC focus not only on nodes in the central compartment but also lateral cervical nodes since the information obtained would guide the extent of surgery.
Colocalization of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in rat spinal cord

In our previous in situ hybridization study in the adult rat spinal cord we demonstrated that only neurons express mRNAs for acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7.) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; EC 3.1.1.8.) in this CNS region; no staining was detected for these two messages in the glia cells. Here we used immunocytochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; EC 2.3.1.6.) to answer the, as yet only briefly approached, question whether the cells expressing the messages for both cholinesterases are cholinergic. All neurons expressing mRNAs for AChE and BuChE were found to be ChAT positive. This finding supports the previous proposal that BuChE modulates cholinergic transmission in AChE knockout mice.
Clinical implications of positive tests for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in asymptomatic blood donors.

Of 693,000 volunteer blood donors in Washington, D.C., who were screened for infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from July 1985 through December 1988, 284 tested positive on both enzyme immunoassay and Western blot assay. To determine the clinical importance of confirmed positive test results in asymptomatic blood donors, we followed 156 donors with positive Western blot assays and 80 donors with positive enzyme immunoassays but negative or indeterminate Western blots at 6-month intervals for a mean of 28 months. As compared with Western blot-negative persons, those with positive Western blots were significantly more likely to be black, male, and first-time donors and to have a history of venereal disease, generalized lymphadenopathy on examination, CD4-cell counts lower than 0.4 x 10(9) per liter, IgG levels higher than 18 g per liter, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen on initial evaluation. In 17 (11 percent) of the Western blot-positive donors, the disease progressed to Class IV (symptomatic disease), according to the Centers for Disease Control system. CD4 counts below 0.2 x 10(9) per liter, IgA levels above 4 g per liter, abnormal proliferative responses to tetanus toxoid, and positive viral cultures were the strongest predictors of disease progression. Among the 80 donors with repeatedly reactive assay results but either negative or indeterminate Western blot assays, there was no evidence of HIV exposure in their histories, physical examinations, or laboratory evaluations, and manifestations of HIV infection developed in none of them. We conclude that a small number of persons with HIV infection continue to donate blood, despite attempts to exclude them, but that donors who test positive on enzyme immunoassay but persistently negative or indeterminate on Western blot assay probably do not represent a risk for the transmission of HIV.
Effect of Dietary Energy Concentration on Performance Parameters and Egg Quality of White Leghorn Laying Hens

An experiment was carried out with 1200 23-week-old white Dekalb commercial laying hens to investigate production responses, egg quality, and energy utilization of laying hens fed different dietary energy levels at the beginning of lay. Birds were housed and divided in five groups of 240 birds according to dietary apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn): 2700 kcal/kg; 2775 kcal/kg; 2850 kcal/kg; 2925 kcal/kg; and 3000 kcal/kg, with six replicates of 40 birds each. Birds were fed the experimental diets based on corn and soybean meal for 17 weeks. Diets were iso-nutritive, except for energy level. Increasing AMEn levels had a negative effect on egg production and egg mass (p≤0.05). AMEn levels did not influence body weight, egg weight, or livability (p>0.05). Increasing AMEn levels increased (p≤0.05) feed intake and AMEn conversion ratio and feed conversion ratio. AMEn intake remained constant, independently of dietary AMEn level (p>0.05). There were no differences in albumen height, yolk total solids content, or egg component percentages (p>0.05). Egg specific weight improved with increasing AMEn levels (p≤0.05). Therefore, the energy level of 2700 kcal/kg of feed may be fed to young laying hens.
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition reduces stress-induced affective pathology

Mood and anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions and are exacerbated by stress. Recent studies have suggested cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition could represent a novel treatment approach or augmentation strategy for affective disorders including anxiety disorders and major depression. We show that traditional COX-2 inhibitors and a newly developed substrate-selective COX-2 inhibitor (SSCI) reduce a variety of stress-induced behavioral pathologies in mice. We found that these behavioral effects were associated with a dampening of neuronal excitability in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) ex vivo and in vivo, and were mediated by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel and CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation. Taken together, these data provide further support for the potential utility of SSCIs, as well as traditional COX-2 inhibitors, as novel treatment approaches for stress-related psychiatric disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.14137. 001
Parameters identification of HIV dynamic models for HAART treated patients: A comparative study

We present a comparative study of parameters identification of HIV dynamic models for naive patients that are treated with two different HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) protocols during a period of 48 weeks. Three HIV models of increasing complexity (in terms of number of state variables and parameters) have been chosen, and for each one the model parameters are computed by solving a nonlinear optimization problem via sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Model parameters are divided into “group dependent”, common to all patients treated with same HAART protocol, and “patient dependent”, specific for each patient, and are estimated in a way that an overall cost function comprising the fitting error of CD4+ concentration and viral load measurements. A preliminary parameter space grid search algorithm is performed in order to find a suitable initial guess for the SQP algorithm. Numerical results indicate that all considered models can give a good matching despite the scarcity of available measurements for each patient, and in this limited situation the minimal model appears to be (slightly) more effective than the other models.
Application of Deep Learning to Sentiment Analysis for recommender system on cloud

Sentiment analysis of short texts like single sentences and reviews available on different social networking sites is challenging because of the limited contextual information. Based on the sentiments and opinions available, developing a recommendation system is an interesting concept, which includes strategies that combine the small text content with prior knowledge. In this paper, we explore a new application of Recursive Neural Networks (RNN) with deep learning system for sentiment analysis of reviews. The proposed RNN-based Deep-learning Sentiment Analysis (RDSA) recommends the places that are near to the user's current location by analyzing the different reviews and consequently computing the score grounded on it. Deep Learning is used to optimize the recommendations depending on the sentiment analysis performed on the different reviews, which are taken from different social networking sites. The Experiments performed indicate that the RNN based Deep-learning Sentiment Analysis (RDSA) improvises the behavior by increasing the accuracy of the sentiment analysis, which in turn yields better recommendations to the user and thus helps to identify a particular position as per the requirement of the user need.
Comparative in vitro effects of liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B-deoxycholate, and free amphotericin B against fungal strains determined by using MIC and minimal lethal concentration susceptibility studies and time-kill curves

Multilamellar liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) was generally less active in vitro against yeast strains than was amphotericin B-deoxycholate or free amphotericin B, although continual agitation of the broth disproportionately increased the activity of L-AmB. Time-kill studies also demonstrated a slower onset of action of L-AmB and supported the hypothesis that liposomes may act as reservoirs for free amphotericin B, which is the active moiety.
Hyperthermia mediated by dextran-coated La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles: in vivo studies

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate radiofrequency-induced dextran-coated lanthanum strontium manganese oxide nanoparticles-mediated hyperthermia to be used for tumor regression in mice. Materials and methods Nanoparticles were injected intra-tumorally in melanoma-bearing C57BL/6J mice and were subjected to radiofrequency treatment. Results Hyperthermia treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth (~84%), increased survival (~50%), and reduced tumor proliferation in mice. Histopathological examination demonstrated immense cell death in treated tumors. DNA fragmentation, increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling signal, and elevated levels of caspase-3 and caspase-6 suggested apoptotic cell death. Enhanced catalase activity suggested reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death. Enhanced expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in treated tumors suggested the possible development of “antitumor immunity”. Conclusion The dextran-coated lanthanum strontium manganese oxide-mediated hyperthermia can be used for the treatment of cancer.
Velocity-modulation and transit-time effects in InP/InGaAs HBTs

The base-collector capacitance C/sub bc/ and the collector transit time delay /spl tau/c govern the high-speed performance of modern heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Both are shown to be strongly modified by velocity modulation effects in InP/InGaAs HBTs: The carrier velocity in the collector depends on V/sub cb/ and I/sub c/, causing a reduction of C/sub bc/ and /spl tau/c respectively. The current induced transit time modulation is shown to be conveniently expressed by a minor but important modification of the conventional transit time delay expression. Particle simulations are performed to assess the relevance of these effects.
Generalizing Negative Imaginary Systems Theory to Include Free Body Dynamics: Control of Highly Resonant Structures With Free Body Motion

Negative imaginary (NI) systems play an important role in the robust control of highly resonant flexible structures. In this paper, a generalized NI system framework is presented. A new NI system definition is given, which allows for flexible structure systems with colocated force actuators and position sensors, and with free body motion. This definition extends the existing definitions of NI systems. Also, necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for the stability of positive feedback control systems where the plant is NI according to the new definition and the controller is strictly negative imaginary. Furthermore, the stability conditions given are independent of the plant and controller system order. As an application of these results, a case study involving the control of a flexible robotic arm with a piezo-electric actuator and sensor is presented.
Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in various forms of hepatitis B virus infection

The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the activity of paraoxonase and arylesterase enzymes in various clinical forms of hepatitis B infection and to investigate the correlation between these parameters and chronic disease course/fibrosis. Overall, 40 patients diagnosed as hepatitis B carriers (CIHBV), 40 chronic active hepatitis B (CAHBV) patients, and 40 healthy adults (control group) between 18 and 65 years of age were enrolled the study. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Their activities were significantly lower in patients with CAHBV compared with CIHBV patients or with control group patients (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between alanine aminotransferase levels and theactivity of paraoxonase and arylesterase (r=−0.38, P=0.001 and r=−0.28, P=0.002, respectively). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between arylesterase activity in the sera of CAHBV patients and HBV DNA levels (ρ=−0.33, P=0.03). On the contrary, no correlation was found between paraoxonase levels and HBV DNA levels (P>0.05). The histology activity index of CAHBV patients did not correlate with paraoxonase and arylesterase activities (P>0.05). In light of these findings, it may be assumed that during the progression of an inactive hepatitis B carrier to being actively infected, reduced paraoxonase and arylesterase activities may be observed. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:311–316, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NONSTOCHASTIC VARIATION OF SPECIES‐LEVEL DIVERSIFICATION RATES WITHIN ANGIOSPERMS

Abstract Variations in the origination and extinction rates of species over geological time often are linked with a range of factors, including the evolution of key innovations, changes in ecosystem structure, and environmental factors such as shifts in climate and physical geography. Before hypothesizing causality of a single factor, it is critical to demonstrate that the observed variation in diversification is significantly greater than one would expect due to natural stochasticity in the evolutionary branching process. Here, we use a likelihood‐ratio test to compare taxonomic rate heterogeneity to a neutral birth‐death model, using data on well‐supported sister pairs of taxa and their species richness. We test the likelihood that the distribution of extant species among angiosperm genera and families could be the result of constant diversification rates. Results strongly support the conclusion that there is significantly more heterogeneity in diversity at the species level within angiosperms than would be expected due to stochastic processes. This result is consistent in datasets of genus pairs and family pairs and is not affected significantly by degrading pairs to simulate inaccuracy in the assumption of simultaneous origin of sister taxa. When we parse taxon pairs among higher groups of angiosperms, results indicate that a constant rates model is not rejected by rosid and basal eudicot pairs but is rejected by asterid and eumagnoliid pairs. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that species‐level rates of origination and/or extinction have varied nonrandomly within angiosperms and that the magnitude of heterogeneity varies among major groups within angiosperms.