Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A head with a suckermouth: a functional-morphological study of the head of the suckermouth armoured catfish **Ancistrus** cf. **triradiatus** (Loricariidae, Siluriformes)

The neotropical loricariid catfishes are highly specialized for adhering to substrates, and can continue breathing and even scrape food from these surfaces while using the mouth for suction. A detailed study integrating bones, muscles and ligaments was performed on Ancistrus cf. triradiatus, using cleared and stained specimens, dissections and manipulations on fresh specimens, serial sections, and histological examination of key tissues. A limited kinematic study using high-speed video was performed as well. The suspensorium is a rather rigid structure; the hyoid is more movable and associated muscles are more substantial; it appears to be more important in the buccal pump system. The transverse orientation of the hyohyoideus abductor suggests it can't open the branchiostegal membrane. This movement might be passive. Apart from divisions inserting on the lower and upper jaws, a medial adductor mandibulae division, the retractor veli, inserts on the oral valve. The retractor tentaculi 1 and the lateral part of the completely subdivided extensor tentaculi move the maxillary barbel, a structure that allows controlled inspiration preventing failing of the suction system. Rotational movements of the lower and upper jaws result in scraping the substrate. Antagonistic muscles for the adductor mandibulae divisions inserting on the lower and upper jaws might be a part of the protractor hyoidei and the medial part of the extensor tentaculi. The lower jaws are most mobile, not being linked to the hyoid arch medially. A medial cartilage plug acts as a supporting and gliding device for the lower jaws.
Separating the effects of physical and biological aspects of mussel beds on their associated assemblages

Mussels provide habitat for diverse assemblages and have a major influence on local biodiversity. Organisms may be associated with the physical structure of the mussels or mussel beds, with biological characteristics of the shells of the mussels or with the living mussels themselves. We examined colonisation of experimentally-built patches of live mussels, dead mussel shells and resin mimics to test models regarding these cues. The sessile assemblage on the valves of the mussels and the mobile assemblage living in the spaces among the mussels were separately examined to evaluate whether they respond in the same way. In addition, the experiment incorporated 2 levels of clumping of mussels to represent sparse and clumped mussel beds after 5 and 9 mo of deployment of the patches. With few exceptions, there was no effect of the types of mussels provided; similar species and abundances were found on and among live mussels, dead shells and resin mimics after both time periods. Therefore, it appears that mussel beds act predominantly as physical habitats for these fauna. In contrast, the degree of clumping of mussels in a patch had major effects. After 5 mo, barna- cles and spirorbid polychaetes had greater covers on the valves of sparsely packed mussels than on clumped mussels. The opposite pattern was shown by spirorbids and serpulids after 9 mo, although barnacles retained their original pattern. Some mobile taxa showed greater abundances in clumped than sparse patches, but these differences largely disappeared when the data were corrected for the number of mussels. Therefore, mobile taxa appeared to respond directly to the number of mussels in a patch; more mussels created more habitat. This was not the case for the sessile assemblage, where mussel shells in sparse beds appeared to provide different habitat from those in clumped beds.
Integrating Moral in a Dynamic Model of Corporate Social Responsibility in Islamic Economics and Finance (Frontier of Islamic Economics and Finance : New Challenges)

This paper focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Islamic Economics and fi nance. The escalating social and economic problems in particular during the current fi nancial crisis have raised new questions as well as expectations about corporate governance, ethical and social responsibilities. Commentators have raised “ethical” as the missing link in fi nancing and also in running fi nancial institutions. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged and developed with the aim of constructing and directing the social responsibilities of economic and fi nancial institutions. The main objective of this paper is to study the concept of CSR from an Islamic perspective with special reference to the moral values that are essential in Islam. Importantly, Islamic banks are criticized for not considering the social dimensions related to development, which is an essential distinguishing point of Islamic moral economy. This paper therefore attempts to respond by suggesting a new paradigm within CSR framework to help Islamic banking and fi nancial institutions to overcome the gap between aspirations and realities. As a concrete policy implication, the paper suggests that Islamic banks should shift from the practice of giving charity and zakah in a traditional manner to a more systematic method of performing charity and zakah in order to ensure community development.
The Continuing Controversy over Affective Education.

A mong the general purposes of education, affective learning is one of the most important and controversial, "Affect" refers to those aspects of human nature and conduct having to do with emotions, feelings, values, attitudes, predispositions, and morals. While such definitions are rel atively easy to come by, the form or substance of affective education repre sents perhaps the most problematic of all school issues. In fact, the debate over affective education has been brewing for some time and is appar ently nearing a turning point. Beneath the surface of the controversy are fun damental questions about what affec tive learnings schools ought to pro mote and how such learning should take place. How the debate over these ques tions will eventually end is unclear. Misunderstanding and misinterpreta tion abound. Constructive progress to ward consensus about die form of affective education requires clarifica tion of its purposes, origins, and possi ble methods.
A study evaluating what best inspires visitor behaviour and attitude changes in zoos, with a small botanical garden comparison: addressing zoos educational and subsequent conservation values

The planet is currently under intense stress, though unsustainable consumption carries on rising at an exponential rate. One explanation for this is ignorance, especially within developed nations. Governments and industry are under extensive pressure to increase awareness, if we are to achieve a sustainable future and prevent the loss of the natural world. Zoos with their high visitation numbers have a significant role to play in educating the public, which they declare as a main goal. This study focuses on how zoos can better achieve this educational and subsequent conservation goal by looking into what learning techniques at Dartmoor Zoo and Paignton Zoo best inspire behaviour and attitude change amongst visitors. Data collection consists of; observation sheets to help clarify the results for 100 exiting questionnaires at each zoo; as well as 110 exiting questionnaires at Eden to gain further understanding of the value of animal attractions. The outcomes from this research are an overall greater understanding of the factors that influence inspiration for conservation; adding to current literature on the importance of the sense of helplessness; feeling of being powerless or incompetent, and the emotional value achievable at zoos created by their animal collections. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of familiarity (e.g. impact of the repetition of a symbol in improving education) more so than past literature, which has also overlooked the value of non-commercialised environments. The best learning techniques that came out from this study are: talks, close encounters, species type/enclosures and information boards/signs. Emphasising the importance of social interaction and contradicting past data which depreciates the value of information boards. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB ZH-CN AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
The ethical orientation of aspiring entrepreneurs

Research reported in this article seeks to better understand the ethical orientation of aspiring entrepreneurs. Using data from a sample of business students pursuing degrees in entrepreneurship, and collected with a set of well-established research tools, respondents are described by their reaction to a series of ethical situation and by their degree of moral intensity brought to each situation. Outcomes are mixed.
The prosody of Swedish underived nouns: No lexical tones required

This paper provides a detailed representational analysis of the morpho-prosodic system of underived nouns in a dialect of Swedish. It shows that the morphology, stress and tonal patterns are not as complex as they first appear once the data are looked at in sufficient detail. Further, it shows that the renowned Swedish "lexical pitch accent" is not the result of lexical tones/tonemes. Rather, Swedish is like all other languages and uses tones to mark the edges of prosodic constituents on the surface. "Accent 2" occurs when tones mark the edge of a structural uneven trochee (i.e. recursive foot) and "accent 1" occurs elsewhere. This analysis is counter all other treatments of North Germanic tones and denies the almost unquestioned assumption that there is an underlying tone specification on roots and/or affixes in many North Germanic varieties. At the same time, it unifies the intuitions behind the three previous approaches found in the literature.
Effect of Host Species, Sex, Length, Diet and Different Seasons on the Parasitic Infection of Tilapia Fish in Lake Manzalah

Tilapia nilotica, Tilapia zilli, Tilapia galilaea and Clarias lazera were taken from Lake Manzalah to carry out this investigation. A total number of 264 Tilapia fishes and 50 specimens of Clarias lazera (as a com- parative group) were examined for parasitic infection. The effect of some factors, on the incidence of the parasitic infection on the host fish is carried out. The results of this study show that, 57.6% of the examined Tilapia fishes are infected with different types of parasites. These parasites are: Protozoa ( Trichodina ), Monogenea ( Dactylogyrus ) Copepoda ( Lernaea and Ergasilus) and Acanthocephala (Acanthosentis ). The prevalence of infection is highest in Tilapia zilli and lowest in Tilapia nilotica. Female fishes are heavily parasitized than males. The large sized fishes are more subjected to parasitic infection than smalle! ones. A definite seasonal effect is noted for the three Tilapia species under consideration. Winter is found to be the season of severe parasitic infection of fishes, where the percentage of infection is obviously higher than the other sea- sons. The lowest percentage of infection is recorded in summer . The kind of food is a fairly factor in determining the type of helminth parasites which can be found in a fish. Orientocreadium, 11 digenetic trematode is found in the intestine of Clarias lazera which is a carnivorous fish and of different mode of habits than Tilapia fishes.
Judicial deradicalization of the Wagner Act and the origins of modern legal consciousness, 1937-1941

The legal system is, fundamentally, a normative instance of history. It defines goals, decides what roads society must travel, and dictates the norms of social action. The legal system, therefore, has within its essence a profound political content; it is not a flower which blossoms in the desert. Law always expresses a vision of society. It also expresses the groups behind this vision and the interests served by conceiving the society in that particular form. -From a speech by Jos6 Antonio Viera-Gallo*
Could Increasing the Duration of Triple Therapy Be a Clinically Useful Strategy ?

TO THE EDITOR: We would like to congratulate Fuccio and colleagues (1) on their well-performed meta-analysis comparing different durations of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. However, we disagree with their conclusion that prolonging treatment is unlikely to be a clinically useful strategy. In our opinion, this statement is not supported by their results. The authors confirm previous findings (2, 3) that extending duration of treatment from 7 days to 10 or 14 days improves eradication rates, although the improvements in eradication rates (4% for 10 days and 5% for 14 days) were slightly lower than those previously reported (3% for 7 days, 8% for 10 days, and 12% for 14 days) (2, 3). They also found that extending treatment from 7 to 10 days increases efficacy in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (relative risk difference, 11%) but not in patients with ulcer (relative risk difference, 2%) (4). We disagree with the conclusion for 3 reasons. First, it is based on a subanalysis of only 4 studies with high Jadad scale scores (5) that did not find statistically significant differences. Any subanalysis limited to 4 studies is likely to give negative results because of the small sample size and the consequent type II error; it cannot be used to argue for the lack of an effect. Second, their results show that the increase in eradication rates depends on the proportion of patients with nonulcer dyspepsia included in the meta-analysis. Therefore, the inclusion of 2 large studies dealing exclusively with patients with ulcer could only have led to an underestimation of the benefit of prolonging treatment. In fact, as we currently treat more patients with nonulcer dyspepsia than patients with ulcer, the benefit of lengthening duration of treatment is likely to be greater in clinical practice than Fuccio and colleagues’ study suggests. Finally, eradication rates with triple therapy seem to be decreasing, and secondand third-line therapies often achieve suboptimal results as well. In this scenario, even a 4% to 5% increase in eradication rates is probably worth the greater cost, especially because there is no increase in side effects. In conclusion, we believe that the correct inference from the meta-analysis is that prolonging H. pylori treatment statistically significantly increases eradication rates. Whether it represents a clinically useful strategy remains a matter of opinion until new evidence emerges.
Uncovering latent structure in valued graphs: A variational approach

As more and more network-structured data sets are available, the statistical analysis of valued graphs has become common place. Looking for a latent structure is one of the many strategies used to better understand the behavior of a network. Several methods already exist for the binary case. We present a model-based strategy to uncover groups of nodes in valued graphs. This framework can be used for a wide span of parametric random graphs models and allows to include covariates. Variational tools allow us to achieve approximate maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of these models. We provide a simulation study showing that our estimation method performs well over a broad range of situations. We apply this method to analyze host parasite interaction networks in forest ecosystems.
Heterogeneity of Sonic Hedgehog response dynamics and fate specification in single neural progenitors

During neural tube patterning, a gradient of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling specifies ventral progenitor fates. The cellular response to Shh is processed through a genetic regulatory network (GRN) to specify distinct fate decisions. This process integrates Shh response level, duration and other inputs and is affected by noise in signaling and cell position. How reliably Shh response profile predicts the fate choice of a single cell is unclear. Here we use live imaging to track neural progenitors in developing zebrafish and quantify both Shh and fate reporters in single cells over time. We found that there is significant heterogeneity between Shh response and fate choice in single cells. We quantitatively modeled reporter intensities to obtain single cell response levels over time and systematically evaluated their correlation with cell fate specification. Motor neuron progenitors (pMN) exhibit a high degree of variability in their Shh responses, which is particularly prominent in the posterior neural tube where the Shh response dynamics are similar to those of the more ventrally fated lateral floor plate cells (LFPs). Our results highlight the precision limit of morphogen-interpretation GRNs in small and dynamic target cell fields.
Does the age of the residents influence occupant heating practice in UK domestic buildings

The UK Government is committed to reducing CO 2 emissions by 80% of 1990 levels by 2050. To meet this target significant reductions in energy consumption are required from the UK housing stock. Space heating is the most significant end use of energy in residential buildings. Behaviour that relates to the direct interaction of residents with heating systems is termed occupant heating practice (OHP). More empirical evidence is required to determine if OHPs relate to socio-demographic and economic status of households. Improved knowledge of OHP will aid policy makers in successfully targeting energy efficiency measures. To build the evidence base for OHP, a large-scale city-wide housing survey was carried out in Leicester, UK in 2009-2010. Internal temperature measurements and details about household composition were collected in over 300 dwellings. These data are used to explore the links between OHP and the age of occupants. Results of the initial analysis suggest that older occupants demand higher living room temperatures but may heat a lower proportion of their dwelling. 36% of dwellings were observed to have lower than average temperatures. Continued analysis is required to find out if energy efficiency measures could improve the thermal comfort of occupants or if low temperatures are a result of short daily heating periods. A more detailed monitoring study is required to investigate the variation in internal temperatures throughout dwellings and to gain further insight into OHP.
Effect of Prilled Urea, Urea and NPK Briquettes on the Yield of Bitter Gourd in Two Upazillas of Jessore District

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of deep placement of urea and NPK briquettes compared to broadcast application of prilled urea for bitter gourd production during the Kharif-1 season of 2013. The experiments were conducted in two locations in Jessore district, Chowgacha and Jessore sadar. Seven treatments were designed to evaluate crops response: T 1 : Control, T 2 : Farmer’s practice, T 3 : Recommended doses of all fertilizers except N, T 4 : Recommended doses of all fertilizers, T 5 : Urea briquette + other fertilizers, T 6 : NPK briquette + other fertilizers and T 7 : NPK briquette + other fertilizers except cowdung. The rate of urea and NPK briquette was 10 percent less than the rate of recommended prilled urea. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The sizes of NPK and urea briquette were 3.4 g and 2.7 g, respectively. The recommended fertilizer doses were used to supply N, P, K, S, Zn and B from Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate (hepta) and boric acid, respectively. The results showed that deep placement of NPK briquette gave significantly the highest yield of bitter gourd (32.16 tha -1 ) followed by urea briquette (30.45 tha -1 ) which were 12.34 and 7.41 percent higher over recommended doses of all fertilizers. The highest N recovery (77.4 %) was found when 72 kg N ha -1 was applied as NPK briquette. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 157-160 2015
Tracking Gauteng thunderstorms using Crowdsourced Twitter data between Soweto and Pretoria

Summer thunderstorms in Gauteng are often dramatic, noisy, wet events. They can appear suddenly on exceptionally hot sunny days travelling fast across the province. With such dramatic arrivals, people often flock to social media sites such as Twitter to comment on the rain, wind, hail, lightning and thunder. This paper investigates the possibility of mapping the track of Gauteng thunderstorms by using crowdsourced data from Twitter. This paper describes a model (entitled the ThunderChatter Model) and instantiation of that model which extracts data from Twitter, analyses the textual information for thunderstorm information and plots the appropriate data on a map. For evaluation purposes, these generated maps are then compared against lightning-stroke maps provided by the South African Weather Service. The maps are visually compared by independent people using Content Analysis techniques ensuring unbiased and reproducible results. The results of this research are mixed. For thunderstorms which traverse the strip of land between Soweto and Pretoria more or less correlated to the N1 highway (and representing the most heavily populated area of Gauteng and the area with the highest percentage of home Internet facilities), the results are excellent. However, in outlying areas of Gauteng such as Carletonville, Heidelberg, Hammanskraal and Bronkhorstspruit, the thunderstorms are only trackable using crowdsourced Twitter data in the case of extreme storms which damage property. The results imply that data obtained from social media could be used in some cases to supplement geographical data obtained from traditional sources.
Investigating the Effects of a Math-Enhanced Agricultural Teaching Methods Course.

Numerous calls have been made for agricultural education to support core academic subject matter including mathematics. Previous research has shown that the incorporation of mathematics content into a teaching methods course had a positive effect on preservice teachers’ mathematics content knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a math-enhanced agricultural education teaching methods course on preservice agricultural education teachers’ mathematics ability, personal mathematics efficacy, mathematics teaching efficacy, and personal teaching efficacy. Results indicated that preservice teachers’ mathematics ability increased after the math-enhanced teaching methods course. Interestingly, personal mathematics efficacy decreased while mathematics teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy increased slightly after the math-enhanced teaching methods course. Based on the results of this study, peer-teaching that utilizes the seven components of a math-enhanced lesson may be an appropriate means to improve the mathematics ability of preservice agricultural education teachers.
Procurement Auctions with Renegotiation and Wealth Constraints

Renegotiation is a common practice in procurement auctions which allows for post-auction price adjustments and is nominally intended to deal with the problem that sellers might underestimate the eventual costs of a project during the auction. Using a combination of theory and experiments, we examine the effectiveness of renegotiation at solving this problem. Our findings demonstrate that renegotiation is rarely successful at solving the problem of sellers misestimating costs. The primary effect of allowing renegotiation is that it advantages sellers who possess a credible commitment of default should they have underbid the project. Renegotiation allows these weaker types of sellers to win more often and it also allows them to leverage their commitment of default into higher prices in renegotiation from a buyer.