Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardisation of Electric Road Systems – An Inventory of Standards for Vehicles , Electric Power Supply , and Infrastructure

The main objective of this study was to identify, analyse and point out areas where standards are missing, or there is need for adaptation of existing standards to ERS. A qualitative method employing document analysis, and e-mail correspondence with a reference group was used for identifying and analysing standards. The study’s main result is an inventory list of more than 230 standards considered as useful for ERS, presented as an Excel file with three main categories; vehicle, electric power supply, and infrastructure. An initial analysis of the list points out more than 80 standards as potentially applicable to ERS.
Controlling malaria in pregnancy : how far from the Abuja targets ?

Background. The Roll Back Malar ia (RBM) initiative recommended that all pregnant women receive Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTp) and that by 2010 at least 80% of people at risk of malaria (including pregnant women) use insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) in areas with stable transmission. We evaluated ITN/IPTp coverage, explored its associated factors, and estimated the number of pregnancies protected from malaria. Materials and methods. This analysis was based on data from the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus). To assess ITN coverage, we used the population of women that was pregnant (n=22,438) at the time of the survey. For IPTp coverage, we used women that had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey (n= 118,187) and extracted the population of pregnant women that, during their last pregnancy, received drugs for protection against malaria. We estimated the number of live births using the projected population of females in each state, population of women of child -bearing age and the total fertility rate. The estimated number of pregnancies covered/protected by ITN and IPTp was obtained from a product of the estimated live births and the reported coverage. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with ITN and IPTp use. Results. We estimated that there were 5,798,897 live bir ths in Niger ia in 2012, of which 3,537,327 and 2,302,162 pregnancies were protected by ITN and IPTp, respectively. Four of 36 states achieved the 80% RBM target for ITN coverage. No state achieved the 100% target for IPTp. Education and socio-economic status were associated with IPTp use. Conclusion. ITN coverage was higher than in previous estimates even though it is still below the RBM targets. However, IPTp coverage remained low in 2012 and was not likely to increase to match the 2015 target coverage of 100%.
Effects of Gradient Mechanical Properties on Human Visual Accommodation studied using Nonlinear Finite Element Method ( FEM )

Studies have confirmed that the primary cause of ‘old sightedness’ (presbyopia; the inability to focus up close for reading) is gradual lens stiffening. It has been suggested that refilling the contents of a presbyopic crystalline lens could restore the accommodative ability of the lens. Phaco-ersatz replaces the hardened content of the presbyopic lens with a flexible polymer to restore the ability of the lens to change shape. For this surgery to be successful, a thorough understanding of the effects of substituting the natural lens material with a gel is critical. In particular, the natural lens possesses a gradient in its mechanical property that cannot be reproduced by an isotropic gel. The impact on accommodation of a loss in mechanical gradient in phaco-ersatz has not been studied. We utilized the Finite Element Method (FEM) to build an axisymmetric model of the accommodative system and to investigate the contribution of gradient mechanical properties to the accommodative response of the lens and to predict the outcome of refilling the lens with a material of isotropic elasticity and refractive index. Using the lens aspect ratio as the criterion, an equivalent isotropic elasticity is found. Results show that the equivalent elasticity, to some extent, depends on the gradient elasticity profile implemented into the model. We showed that this method yields an equivalent elasticity in agreement with previous empirical studies. Numerical ray-tracing using a custom-made MATLABTM code to assess the accommodative response of both models reveals that lens refilling is capable of restoring a major portion of accommodation. Key-Words: Gradient Mechanical Properties; FEM; Accommodation; Lens; Presbyopia; Ray-tracing
Latent-Variable Approaches to the Jamesian Model of Importance-Weighted Averages

The individually importance-weighted average (IIWA) model posits that the contribution of specific areas of self-concept to global self-esteem varies systematically with the individual importance placed on each specific component. Although intuitively appealing, this model has weak empirical support; thus, within the framework of a substantive-methodological synergy, we propose a multiple-item latent approach to the IIWA model as applied to a range of self-concept domains (physical, academic, spiritual self-concepts) and subdomains (appearance, math, verbal self-concepts) in young adolescents from two countries. Tests considering simultaneously the effects of self-concept domains on trait self-esteem did not support the IIWA model. On the contrary, support for a normative group importance model was found, in which importance varied as a function of domains but not individuals. Individuals differentially weight the various components of self-concept; however, the weights are largely determined by normative processes, so that little additional information is gained from individual weightings.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SITE-SPECIFIC AMPLIFIACTION FUNCTIONS MEASURED IN MONTENEGRO

The paper describes the period and amplitude variations, and re-occurrence of the local peaks, in the Fourier amplitude spectra of strong ground motion, during different earthquakes, recorded at seven stations along the Adriatic Coast in Montenegro. The data show that some local peaks re-occur during shaking by small local earthquakes (peak ground velocities 20 10 max − < v cm/s). During large strong-
Rotational Components of Strong-motion Earthquakes

The rotational components associated with the dynamic response of elastic and of poro-elastic half space can be as important as the actual deformations, for computation of the response of the half space and for the response analyses of engineering structures, and must be included in all analyses. The basic theory of elasticity shows that the Euclerian strain tensor of deformations is expressible in terms of the linear strain tensor and the second order terms of rotation tensor. At present, all structural analyses already deal with the generalized displacement of the 3 components of translations and the 3 components of rotations as the 6 independent components. These six generalized components are often simultaneously estimated using the kinematic equations of forces and moments Since rotations are defined in terms of derivatives of translations, with respect to space coordinates, there always should exist analytic expressions for rotations in terms of the translations. This is certainly the case when the translation components are given in rectangular coordinates. Using surface waves, the method of Trifunac (1971) for generating artificial, synthetic strong motion accelerograms can thus immediately be extended to generate both synthetic torsional and rocking accelerograms and of their response spectra (Lee and Trifunac, 1985, 1987, 2008). Those are constructed from the horizontal and vertical acceleration components. These rotational components of strong ground motions are gaining attention as it is becoming evident that they can contribute significantly to the overall response of structures during strong earthquake motions. This paper intends to stress the importance of the rotational components of accelerograms, to develop theories and algorithms for generating rotational motions from the corresponding available translational motions, and to check such validity from several actual, real rotational recordings.
Demountable Shear Connectors for Sustainable Composite Construction *

The UK Government has set an ambitious and legally binding target to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 with an intermediate target of a 34% reduction by 2020, therefore it is important to consider the whole life cycle in composite construction. Composite flooring system formed by connecting the concrete slabs to the supporting steel beams has been widely used for many years throughout the world. Steel and concrete composite construction is well established as a costeffective arrangement for floor systems in multi-storey steel frame building structures. Composite action between steel beams and concrete slabs through the use of shear connectors are responsible for a considerable increases in the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the steel beams, which when utilized in design, can result in significant savings in steel weight and construction cost. However, shear connectors are welded through the steel decking and cast into the concrete; this made reuse of the steel components after deconstruction almost impossible. A demountable shear connector is developed and tested to assess its potential and suitability in term of replacing the traditional welded through headed shear studs. Test results shown that these shear connectors can be easily demounted after test and have a similar capacity and behaviour of the welded headed stud shear connectors. 1) Professor 2) Lecturer
Effects of Alpinumisoflavone and Abyssinone V‐4′‐Methyl Ether Derived from Erythrina lysistemon (Fabaceae) on the Genital Tract of Ovariectomized Female Wistar Rat

Erythrina lysistemon is an African medicinal plant used as a palliative for problems in women. The crude extract of this plant was shown to exhibit estrogenic effects on the female rat reproductive tract and on cell cuture. Using classic chromatographic methods, two compounds have been isolated as major constituents of this extract: alpinumisoflavone (1) and abyssinone V‐4′‐methyl ether (2). To determine whether both compounds are actives principles accounting for E. lysistemon effects, we applied the classic 3‐day uterotrophic assay. We also carried out a ligand binding assay to determine whether the observed effects are estrogen receptor (ER) mediated. This study showed that whereas compound 1 displayed a fourfold preference for ERα, compound 2 bound ERα and ERβ with a same affinity. The in vivo study showed that compound 1 increased the uterine wet weight by 182.23% (p < 0.01) and 71.79% (p < 0.05) at doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg BW/day respectively. The uterine epithelium thickened dose‐dependently. Vaginal epithelial height also increased by 369.97 and 226.76% respectively (p < 0.01). Compound 2 acted only on the vagina and increased vaginal epithelial height by 244.56% (p < 0.01) at 1 mg/kg BW/day. These results suggest that compounds 1 and 2 are endowed with estrogenic properties accounting, at least in part, for E. lysistemon effects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student-Centered Learning di Perguruan Tinggi

ARTIKEL Pendahuluan Student-Centered Learning di Perguruan Tinggi Harsono Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta We assume that students in higher education institutions are adult people who should be encouraged and motivated as adult learners. Moreover, students are diverse; they bring multiple perspectives to the classroom (diverse backgrounds, learning styles, experiences, and aspirations). Hence, as teachers, we can no longer assume a “one-sizefits-all approach”. The adult psychological condition will foster the student-centered learning (SCL) process. The SCL is built on the principles of learning which consist of active and constructive process as well as social activity, require mental reflection, use prior knowledge, take time, depend on rich context, and need motivation. The process of learning is a cycle of reflection (thinking about what happened), idea (of something to try), action (trying out something), and result (of concrete experience).
Effects of Mnemonic Strategy Training on Brain Activity and Cognitive Functioning of Left-Hemisphere Ischemic Stroke Patients

Memory dysfunction is one of the main cognitive impairments caused by stroke, especially associative memory. Therefore, cognitive training, such as face-name mnemonic strategy training, could be an important intervention for this group of patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavioral effects of face-name mnemonic strategy training, along with the neural substrate behind these effects, in the left frontoparietal lobe stroke patients. Volunteers underwent 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during face-name association task: one prior and the other after the cognitive training. The fMRI followed a block design task with three active conditions: trained face-name pairs, untrained face-name pairs, and a couple of repeated face-name pairs. Prior to each fMRI session, volunteers underwent neuropsychological assessment. Training resulted in better performance on delayed memory scores of HVLT-R, and on recognition on a generalization strategy task, as well as better performance in the fMRI task. Also, trained face-name pairs presented higher activation after training in default-mode network regions, such as the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus, as well as in lateral occipital and temporal regions. Similarly, untrained face-name pairs also showed a nonspecific training effect in the right superior parietal cortex, right supramarginal gyrus, anterior intraparietal sulcus, and lateral occipital cortex. A correlation between brain activation and task performance was also found in the angular gyrus, superior parietal cortex, anterior intraparietal sulcus, and lateral occipital cortex. In conclusion, these results suggest that face-name mnemonic strategy training has the potential to improve memory performance and to foster brain activation changes, by the recruitment of contralesional areas from default-mode, frontoparietal, and dorsal attention networks as a possible compensation mechanism.
Ethnic differentials in early childhood mortality in Nepal

Summary This paper investigates the association of early childhood mortality (between birth and second birthday) with ethnicity in Nepal, based on data from the 1976 Nepal Fertility Survey, which was part of the World Fertility Survey. The approach is through a series of hazard models, which incorporate ethnicity, year of birth, mother's illiteracy, father's illiteracy, rural-urban residence, region, sex, maternal age, survival of previous birth, previous birth interval, and breast-feeding as covariates. Ethnic differentials in early childhood mortality are not explained by the other socioeconomic and demographic covariates, except for a modest effect of illiteracy, but the remaining covariates explain a great deal of variability in early childhood mortality itself. Analysis using an improved specification of breast-feeding as an age-varying covariate indicates, on average, that breast-feeding, relative to not breast-feeding, reduces age-specific mortality risks during the first 2 years of life by 76%, a very large effect.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF KARKHEH DAM , FOUNDATION , AND ITS CUTOFF WALL SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE LOADING

A plastic concrete cut-off wall is used for seepage controlling in the foundation of the Karkheh Dam. The foundation comprises conglomerate layers with intercalated mudstone layers. This paper presents a two dimensional, stress-strain, finite element analyses of the Karkheh Dam, foundation, and cut-off wall, subjected to a combination of first impounding and earthquake loading. The paper concentrates mostly on the deformation behavior of the cut-off wall. Stresses and strains within the structure, particularly in the cutoff wall, will be studied in this paper. The analysis indicates that earthquake-induced horizontal displacements maximize in upper elevations of the cut-off wall, particularly where it meets the dam core. Also some residual post-earthquake horizontal deformations remain in the upper part of the cut-off wall.
Cutting Edge: TLR2 Is a Functional Receptor for Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A1

Induced secretion of acute-phase serum amyloid A (SAA) is a host response to danger signals and a clinical indication of inflammation. The biological functions of SAA in inflammation have not been fully defined, although recent reports indicate that SAA induces proinflammatory cytokine expression. We now show that TLR2 is a functional receptor for SAA. HeLa cells expressing TLR2 responded to SAA with potent activation of NF-κB, which was enhanced by TLR1 expression and blocked by the Toll/IL-1 receptor/resistance (TIR) deletion mutants of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6. SAA stimulation led to increased phosphorylation of MAPKs and accelerated IκBα degradation in TLR2-HeLa cells, and results from a solid-phase binding assay showed SAA interaction with the ectodomain of TLR2. Selective reduction of SAA-induced gene expression was observed in tlr2−/− mouse macrophages compared with wild-type cells. These results suggest a potential role for SAA in inflammatory diseases through activation of TLR2.
A role for cingulate pioneering axons in the development of the corpus callosum

In many vertebrate and invertebrate systems, pioneering axons play a crucial role in establishing large axon tracts. Previous studies have addressed whether the first axons to cross the midline to from the corpus callosum arise from neurons in either the cingulate cortex (Koester and O'Leary [ 1994 ] J. Neurosci. 11:6608–6620) or the rostrolateral neocortex (Ozaki and Wahlsten [ 1998 ] J. Comp. Neurol. 400:197–206). However, these studies have not provided a consensus on which populations pioneer the corpus callosum. We have found that neurons within the cingulate cortex project axons that cross the midline and enter the contralateral hemisphere at E15.5. By using different carbocyanine dyes injected into either the cingulate cortex or the neocortex of the same brain, we found that cingulate axons crossed the midline before neocortical axons and projected into the contralateral cortex. Furthermore, the first neocortical axons to reach the midline crossed within the tract formed by these cingulate callosal axons, and appeared to fasciculate with them as they crossed the midline. These data indicate that axons from the cingulate cortex might pioneer a pathway for later arriving neocortical axons that form the corpus callosum. We also found that a small number of cingulate axons project to the septum as well as to the ipsilateral hippocampus via the fornix. In addition, we found that neurons in the cingulate cortex projected laterally to the rostrolateral neocortex at least 1 day before the neocortical axons reach the midline. Because the rostrolateral neocortex is the first neocortical region to develop, it sends the first neocortical axons to the midline to form the corpus callosum. We postulate that, together, both laterally and medially projecting cingulate axons may pioneer a path for the medially directed neocortical axons, thus helping to guide these axons toward and across the midline during the formation of the corpus callosum. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:147–157, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intestinal Epithelial CD98 Directly Modulates the Innate Host Response to Enteric Bacterial Pathogens

ABSTRACT CD98 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein whose expression increases in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during intestinal inflammation. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a food-borne human pathogen that attaches to IECs and injects effector proteins directly into the host cells, thus provoking an inflammatory response. In the present study, we investigated CD98 and EPEC interactions in vitro and ex vivo and examined FVB wild-type (WT) and villin-CD98 transgenic mice overexpressing human CD98 in IECs (hCD98 Tg mice) and infected with Citrobacter rodentium as an in vivo model. In vivo studies indicated that CD98 overexpression, localized to the apical domain of colonic cells, increased the attachment of C. rodentium in mouse colons and resulted in increased expression of proinflammatory markers and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory markers. The proliferative markers Ki-67 and cyclin D1 were significantly increased in the colonic tissue of C. rodentium-infected hCD98 Tg mice compared to that of WT mice. Ex vivo studies correlate with the in vivo data. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies with Caco2-BBE cells showed a decrease in adherence of EPEC to Caco2 cells in which CD98 expression was knocked down. In vitro surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments showed direct binding between recombinant hCD98 and EPEC/C. rodentium proteins. We also demonstrated that the partial extracellular loop of hCD98 was sufficient for direct binding to EPEC/C. rodentium. These findings demonstrate the importance of the extracellular loop of CD98 in the innate host defense response to intestinal infection by attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens.
Imaging , Diagnosis , Prognosis Engrailed-2 ( EN 2 ) : A Tumor Specific Urinary Biomarker for the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cause of cancer related death in men. A number of key limitations with prostate specific antigen (PSA), currently the standard detection test, has justified evaluation of new biomarkers. We have assessed the diagnostic potential of Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor expressed in PC cell lines and secreted into the
Satellite Image Resolution Enhancement using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform ( DT-CWT ) and Nonlocal Means ( NLM )

Resolution enhancement (RE) schemes (which are not based on wavelets) has one major drawback of losing high frequency contents (which results in blurring). The discrete wavelettransform-based (DWT) RE scheme generates artifacts (due to a DWT shift-variant property). A wavelet-domain approach based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) and nonlocal means (NLM) is proposed for RE of the satellite images. A satellite input image is decomposed by DT-CWT (which is nearly shift invariant) to obtain high-frequency sub bands. Here the Lanczos interpolator is used to interpolate the highfrequency sub bands and the low-resolution (LR) input image. The high frequency sub bands are passed through an NLM filter to cater for the artifacts generated by DT-CWT (despite of its nearly shift invariance). The filtered high-frequency sub bands and the LR input image are combined using inverse DT-CWT to obtain a resolution-enhanced image. Objective and subjective analyses show superiority of the new proposed technique over the conventional and state-of-the-art RE techniques.