Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Insulin Action in NIDDM in the Presence of Dynamic Changes in Insulin and Glucose Concentration

Both glucose and insulin are important regulators of glucose uptake and hepatic glucose release. Because insulin concentrations rarely if ever increase under daily living conditions, unless glucose concentrations also increase, we sought to determine whether hepatic and extrahepatic responses to changes in insulin and glucose concentration are impaired in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To address this question, glucose metabolism was measured in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. A computer-driven infusion system was used to produce a nondiabetic postprandial insulin profile in both groups while sufficient exogenous glucose was infused to mimic nondiabetic postprandial glucose concentrations. Although NIDDM was associated with greater (P < 0.05) hepatic glucose release both before and during the prandial insulin infusion, suppression did not differ in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects (−1.06 ± 0.20 vs. −0.86 ± 0.15 mmol/kg every 4 h). In contrast, stimulation of both glucose disappearance (0.77 ± 0.27 vs. 1.68 ± 0.27 mmol/kg every 4 h) and forearm glucose uptake (187 ± 81 vs. 550 ± 149 μmol/dl every 4 h) was lower (P < 0.05) in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. Thus, despite increased basal rates of glucose production, obese individuals with NIDDM had decreased stimulation of glucose disappearance but normal suppression of hepatic glucose release in response to nondiabetic prandial glucose and insulin concentrations. These data indicate that the increase in glucose that occurs with carbohydrate ingestion is likely to compensate for hepatic but not extrahepatic insulin resistance.
DIABETES AND SHOULDER ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS

Background: Adhesive capsulitis (AC) of shoulder is a common condition encountered by physical therapists in their routine outpatient care services; AC of shoulder is as by itself being a self limiting disorder lasts from months to years causing pain and discomfort to the patients. The condition is commonly associated with Diabetes mellitus or other co morbidities. The incidence of AC is high among diabetic individuals and it becomes mandatory on the part of physical therapists and other health professionals to approach this issue on a holistic manner. This paper deals with the importance of a physiotherapist role in prevention and dealing with the causative factors of AC and not merely its symptom.Methods: Extensive literature review was done from the electronic data bases, Systematic reviews and critical reviews from Pub med indexed journals and other peer reviewed publications across the globe.Results: It was not the type of diabetes but the duration of the disease and the glycemic index, marking the causative factor for adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.Conclusion: It may be concluded that physiotherapist play a vital role in identifying the pre-diabetic or a diabetic state of an individual reporting in a multi disciplinary set up with a AC of shoulder, and also has a role in the prevention of AC by helping the individual to maintain a good glycemic control with a holistic approach which includes aerobic exercises, General Flexibility exercises, Weight management and Yoga therapy.
Explicit and Implicit Positive Illusory Bias in Children With ADHD

Objective: Children with ADHD overestimate their own social and behavioral competence when using explicit self-report measures, a phenomenon known as Positive Illusory Bias (PIB). This study examined whether children with ADHD show PIB when self-perceptions are measured implicitly, reflecting associations that are relatively difficult to consciously control. Method: Participants were 23 children (ages 6.8-9.8) with ADHD and 55 typically developing (TD) children. Children’s explicit self-perceptions of competence were measured via self-report on the Self-Perception Profile for Children; their implicit associations were assessed using an Implicit Association Test. Parent and teacher ratings formed an adult-reported composite indicator of children’s competence, to which children’s self-perceptions were compared. Results: Children with ADHD overestimated their competence as compared with adult-informant reports on both explicit and implicit measures, whereas TD children tended to be accurate. Conclusion: Inflated self-perceptions in children with ADHD may exist on an implicit level outside of conscious awareness.
Use of a Mail‐Out Continuing Education Article to Teach Health Professionals about Drug‐Induced Disease

A U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Georgetown University Medical Center conference was the basis for “Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug‐Induced Disease,” the first medWatch continuing education (CE) mail‐out article. Developed as a major component of FDA medWatch post‐marketing surveillance outreach, the article used a clinical therapeutic approach to discuss topics including adverse drug events (ADEs) pharmacology and ADE reporting. Distributed nationwide through the medWatch Partners, health professionals applied for CE credit by completing a self‐assessment examination. With the overall response rate slightly more than 2%, 15,260 health professionals (55% physicians and 37% pharmacists) received CE credit. Evaluation of the initial approximate two‐thirds (N = 10,021) of successfully completed exams found 99% agreement that stated learning objectives were met, and the article relevant to their clinical practice; spontaneous comments/letters were also very positive. The highest percentage responding specialists were internists (28%) and psychiatrists (17%), with notable differences found among specialties for response rate versus relative article distribution (such as relatively low response rates among surgeons and radiology/radiation physics specialists). The number of health professionals receiving CE credit, coupled with examination performance and overall response, indicates that “Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug‐Induced Disease” was well received and fulfilled learning objectives. The results provide encouragement for this continuing educational approach.
Recombinant Factor VIIa: A Review on its Clinical Use

Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) (NovoSeven) is a novel hemostatic agent originally developed to treat bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors against coagulation factors VIII and IX. In recent years, rFVIIa has also been employed for the management of uncontrolled bleeding in a number of congenital and acquired hemostatic abnormalities. Based on a literature search including PubMed, references from reviews, and abstracts from the most important meetings on this topic, this review examines the current knowledge on therapy with rFVIIa, from the now well-standardized uses to the newer and less well-characterized clinical applications.
Acute Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Gastric Acid Secretion and Gastric Mucosal Integrity in the Rat

The effect of 3- or 6-Gray (Gy) whole-body gamma irradiation on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in pylorus-ligated rats. Different groups of rats were irradiated with a single 3- or 6-Gy fraction and examined 7 days after irradiation. Exposure to 3-Gy fraction led to marked increase in basal (nonstimulated) gastric acid output in the 4-h pylorus-ligated rat (47.5% compared with unirradiated controls). After exposure to 6 Gy, only 18.2% increase in gastric acid output was noted compared with unirradiated controls. Under pentagastrin or histamine stimulation, gastric acid secretion in those irradiated with 3- or 6-Gy fraction was markedly reduced compared to that of unirradiated controls. Exposure to 3- or 6-Gy gamma irradiation intensified the degree of gastric mucosal injury evoked by indomethacin or 50% ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that in the pylorus-ligated rat model, lower doses of gamma irradiation increase basal gastric acid secretion and impair the gastric mucosal barrier with marked increase in its permeability to H+ following stimulation of acid secretion or exposure to barrier breakers. Exposure to irradiation is likely to result in failure of the parietal cell to respond to direct stimulation with histamine or pentagastrin.
Initial Results of a 12-week, Institution-based, Supervised Exercise Rehabilitation Program for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

This study assessed the effectiveness of a 12-week, institution-based, supervised exercise rehabilitation program with atherogenic risk factor modification in improving cardiovascular profile, ambulatory function, and quality of life of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by comparing pre- and postprogram measurements. Participants were prospectively enrolled. Cardiovascular profile variables, ambulatory function tests, and quality of life questionnaires were evaluated. Of 101 institution-based program participants, 69 completed the 12-session minimum and 47 completed a postprogram evaluation. Mean postprogram results were significantly different from preprogram results, corresponding to improvement, for the following variables: triglyceride levels (p = .036), both function tests (p < .001 for both), four of five Walking Impairment Questionnaire measurements, and Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire score (p = .001). This supervised exercise program improved the cardiovascular profiles, ambulatory function, and quality of life of PAD patients completing the program and is a viable adjunct to drug therapy and surgical intervention.
Safety of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With a History of Heart Failure and Decreased Left Ventricular Systolic Heart Function

Objectives: Patients with heart failure may experience psychiatric disorders for which electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated. Little is known, however, about the safety of ECT in these patients. We assessed the safety of ECT in patients with a history of heart failure and decreased left ventricular systolic heart function. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 35 patients with a history of heart failure and reduced left ventricular systolic heart function who underwent ECT at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1995 and December 2009. Results: Of the 35 patients, 18 (51%) were women. The median age was 77 years (range, 54-92 years). The median left ventricular ejection fraction was 30% (range, 15%-40%). The 35 patients underwent 513 ECT sessions (median number of sessions per patient, 10; range, 1-44). The 35 patients tolerated ECT well. No patient died or experienced decompensated heart failure, myocardial ischemia, or myocardial infarction during or within 24 hours after an ECT session. Prophylactic intravenous &bgr;-blockers were given to patients who, during previous ECT sessions, had marked hypertension (eg, systolic blood pressure >180-200 mm Hg) or a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute; overall, this prophylaxis was used in 26 patients during 413 ECT sessions (80% of the total number of ECT sessions). Three patients experienced temporary, non-life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Conclusions: Electroconvulsive therapy was safe in 35 patients with a history of heart failure and decreased left ventricular systolic heart function treated at our institution.
Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian/Sarmatian) Palaeoecology and Evolution of the Environments in the Area of Medvednica Mt. (North Croatia)

In the area of Medvednica Mt., the Upper Badenian and Sarmatiandeposits are divided into four facies associations: (A) deposits of asmall carbonate platform represented by breccia, conglomerates, biocalcirudites,biocalcarenites and biocalclutites; (B) open-sea depositscomposed of marls with intercalations of clay; (C) nearshore depositsof reduced salinity composed of conglomerates, sandstones, biocalcarenites, biocalcirudites and biocalclutites, and (D) lagoonal deposits represented by spongitic calclutites with clay, marl and sand intercalations.Deposits of these facies associations contain numerous and verydiverse fossil species with very different palaeoecological characteristics,from shallow- and deeper-water normal marine to shallow- anddeeper-water environment of reduced salinity, even of fresh-water.The transition from Late Badenian to Sarmatian deposition wascharacterized by three different unconformities and one conformity.Unconformities are located between different lithologies reflectingan amount of uplifting and erosion at the end of the Badenian. Theoccurrence of an angular unconformity suggests the influence of localtectonics.The Middle Miocene deposition shows different local variationsbut generally fits with the evolution of Central Paratethys and thePannonian Basin System.
Cluster–cluster lensing and the case of Abell 383

Extensive surveys of galaxy clusters motivate us to assess the likelihood of cluster–cluster lensing (CCL), namely, gravitational lensing of a background cluster by a foreground cluster. We briefly describe the characteristics of CCLs in optical, X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect measurements, and calculate their predicted numbers for Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) parameters and a viable range of cluster mass functions and their uncertainties. The predicted number of CCLs in the strong-lensing regime varies from several (<10) to as high as a few dozen, depending mainly on whether lensing triaxiality bias is accounted for, through the c–M relation. A much larger number is predicted when taking into account also CCL in the weak-lensing regime. In addition to few previously suggested CCLs, we report a detection of a possible CCL in A383, where background candidate high-z structures are magnified, as seen in deep Subaru observations.
Mental health and medical consultation in primary care settings

Synopsis This paper examines the effect of psychiatric morbidity, as measured by the GHQ-60, on the probability of being in contact with a primary care physician, and the socio-demographic factors which influenced this effect. We found that the presence of psychiatric morbidity emerged as a major determinant of primary care utilization in both sexes, and about one-sixth of consultations in men and one-fifth of consultations in women could be attributed to it. Logistic modelling was used to investigate the joint effect on general practitioner consultation of psychiatric morbidity and seven socio-demographic variables. Sex, age, and psychiatric morbidity exerted independent, but not interactive, effects on consultation.
Considerations for the Design and Placement of Implantable Annular Slot Antennas for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Devices

Deviation in the performance of measured implanted antennas [such as S11 measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA)], compared to that of antennas encapsulated inside an implant and fully embedded in tissue, is not fully understood. This letter presents simulation and measurement results of an annular slot antenna (ASA) for its use in implantable intracranial pressure (ICP) devices operating at 2.45 GHz. ASA is chosen for its higher radiation efficiency compared to strip antennas such as printed inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) used previously by the authors and some other groups. The performance of the antenna ( S11, gain, and radiation efficiency) with a coaxial feed passing through the device and the surrounding tissue is compared to its performance when the feed is applied from inside the device. It is demonstrated that the insulation coating of the exterior of the cable in the case of the VNA test, and proper grounding of the outer conductor of the cable in the case of the internal feed, are necessary to minimize the performance deviation. Moreover, measured gain and S21 demonstrate the superiority of the ASA over the PIFA, thereby implying higher radiation efficiency of the ASA, which is consistent with simulation results.
A review of natural remedies commonly used by Ethiopian immigrants in the USA

This review discusses the most commonly used natural remedies by Ethiopian immigrants in the United States of America (USA). The data is extracted from a previous survey by the same authors who established that more than half of the respondents (57.5%) used supplements and herbs for a wide array of ailments in the preceding 5 years. Ginger, garlic and flaxseed were the most commonly used herbs by the survey participants.
Lessons Learned From a Lateral Violence and Team‐Building Intervention

BackgroundLateral violence is likely to exist in settings characterized by poor leadership and lack of clearly articulated roles, expectations, and processes that guide behavior. ObjectivesThe purposes of this process improvement project were to (1) identify and improve baseline levels of nurse satisfaction and group cohesion through planned unit-based interventions, (2) determine the effect of a team-building intervention on factors that impact cohesive team functioning, and (3) determine the effect of lateral violence training and communication style differences in improving team cohesion. MethodsThe sample consisted of registered nurses (RNs) from 4 diverse patient care areas, chosen on the basis of low scores on the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) RN-RN interaction subscale. A quasi-experimental pre–post intervention design without a control group was employed. The intervention focused on lateral violence and team building. A qualitative component focused on the impact of the intervention on overall group dynamics and processes. ResultsRN scores on the Group Cohesion Scale (P = .037) and the RN-RN interaction scores improved postintervention. Group sessions focused on building trust, identifying and clarifying roles, engaging staff in decision making, role-modeling positive interactions, and holding each other accountable. ConclusionsKey to a cohesive environment is an effective nurse manager able to drive and sustain change.
Agent dynamics in kinetic models of wealth exchange.

We study the dynamics of individual agents in some kinetic models of wealth exchange, particularly the models with savings. For the model with uniform savings, agents perform simple random walks in the "wealth space. " On the other hand, we observe ballistic diffusion in the model with distributed savings. There is an associated skewness in the gain-loss distribution which explains the steady-state behavior in such models. We find that, in general, an agent gains while interacting with an agent with a larger saving propensity.
VEPs and AEPs: Mapping of Occlusive Lesions in Cerebral Vessels

The recording of cerebral evoked potentials (EPs) has had a rich history. At the same time, the neuromapper computer produced in the last 10 years increased the possibility of looking into a living brain. These advances were the basis for neuroimaging, neurovisualization, and neuromapping studies. On the one hand, the results of such studies are contradictory, but on the other, these methods are relatively inexpensive compared to computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (or tomography), positron emission tomography, and the like, and they are totally noninvasive. *-’ The present study estimates the diagnostic significance of EP mapping and the functional significance of the cortical structure in vascular lesions.
Disrupted iron homeostasis causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice

Significance The brain requires iron for mitochondrial respiration and synthesis of myelin, neurotransmitters, and monoamine oxidases. Iron accumulates in distinct parts of the brain in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and some have proposed that neurons die because they contain too much iron. Neuronal iron handling is not well understood. We focused on dopaminergic neurons, affected in Parkinson’s disease, and manipulated molecules involve in iron uptake and release. We showed that loss of ferroportin, which exports cellular iron, had no apparent effect. In contrast, loss of transferrin receptor, involved in iron uptake, caused neuronal iron deficiency and neurodegeneration with features similar to Parkinson’s disease. We propose that neuronal iron deficiency may contribute to neurodegeneration in human disease. Disrupted brain iron homeostasis is a common feature of neurodegenerative disease. To begin to understand how neuronal iron handling might be involved, we focused on dopaminergic neurons and asked how inactivation of transport proteins affected iron homeostasis in vivo in mice. Loss of the cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, had no apparent consequences. However, loss of transferrin receptor 1, involved in iron uptake, caused neuronal iron deficiency, age-progressive degeneration of a subset of dopaminergic neurons, and motor deficits. There was gradual depletion of dopaminergic projections in the striatum followed by death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Damaged mitochondria accumulated, and gene expression signatures indicated attempted axonal regeneration, a metabolic switch to glycolysis, oxidative stress, and the unfolded protein response. We demonstrate that loss of transferrin receptor 1, but not loss of ferroportin, can cause neurodegeneration in a subset of dopaminergic neurons in mice.
Role of High-Affinity Thrombin Receptors in Postclotting Cellular Effects of Thrombin

Our understanding of thrombin as an initiator of postclotting stimulation of cell proliferation (and a num ber of other events) evolved, in part, from early studies that demonstrated that trypsin and other serine proteases stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of mouse 3T3 cells, 1-3 and quiescent primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. 4-8 The idea that cell proliferation could be studied with proteases was intriguing at that time, since these enzymes were well characterized and readily available. In addition, trypsin action at the cell surface was sufficient to initiate division of chick embryo cells. 9 Thus, it appeared that specific cell surface interac tions of proteases determined their ability to generate mitogenic signals.
Children ’ s Passives and Their Resulting Interpretation

All studies that have examined children’s comprehension of passives using both actional (e.g. wash) and psychological (e.g. see) verbs in English have found a significant interaction of voice (active vs. passive) and verb type (actional vs. psychological), with psychological passives being answered most poorly. Accounts differ as to whether a grammatical impairment with passive syntax underlies these difficulties. We present experimental evidence supporting delayed syntactic knowledge of the passive construction in young children (including actional and psychological short passives), the lack of processing accounts for this delay, and children’s resultative analysis of passives.
The relation between single crystal elasticity and the effective elastic behaviour of polycrystalline materials: theory, measurement and computation

Due to continuing miniaturization, characteristic dimensions of electronic components are now becoming of the same order of magnitude as the characteristic microstructural scales of the constituent materials, such as grain sizes. In this situation, it is necessary to take into account the influence of microstructure when studying the mechanical behaviour. In this paper, we focus on the relation between the (anisotropic) properties of individual grains and the effective elastic behaviour of polycrystalline materials. For large volumes of materials, the conventional averaging theory may be applied. This is illustrated with experiments on various barium titanates. For small volumes of material, we examine the relationship by means of micromechanical computations using a finite-element model, allowing the simulation of a real microstructure, based on a microscopic image of the grain structure. Various cubic and tetragonal materials are studied. The computational results clearly show the influence of the specific microstructural properties on the effective elastic behaviour.