Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Periods and Budget Negotiations: Cooperative and Ratcheting Behavior

Budgets in organizations are typically negotiated over repeated periods. However, much of the past budgeting research examines unilaterally set budgets in single-period settings. This study extends budgeting research by examining two issues: (1) whether the expectation of future budget negotiations with the same individual affects current period negotiation strategies and outcomes, and (2) changes in negotiation strategies and outcomes across periods. The results indicate that an expectation of future budget negotiations affect current period negotiation strategies and outcomes in a manner consistent with superiors and subordinates who expect future budget negotiations focusing on the benefits from acting cooperatively, rather than competitively. The results are not consistent with superiors and subordinates who expect future budget negotiations focusing on the incentives arising from ratcheting (Weitzman, 1980). The results also indicate that the difference in superiors’ and subordinates’ initial negotiation positions decrease across period, leading to a greater likelihood of negotiation agreement across periods. These results suggest that some problems identified in prior budgeting research using single-period settings may not generalize to the more common multi-period setting. Thus, our study highlights the importance of future budgeting studies using multi-period settings. The finding that cooperative incentives dominate ratcheting incentives provides evidence that analytical models, such as Weitzman (1980), ignore important determinants of behavior.
Incentives, organisational identification, and relationship quality among members of fine arts museums

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between museums and their donor clients (“friends”) by analysing the relative importance of the benefits (material and non‐material) that such friends of the organisation receive, their organisational identification with the museum: and their perceptions of satisfaction, trust, and future commitment.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on the tenets of both relationship marketing and social identity theory, the study develops and proposes a model of the relationships among the relevant constructs. This is empirically tested using survey data collected from 231 friends of Spanish museums of fine arts.Findings – The study finds that positive and significant links exist between: the benefits (material and non‐material) that members receive and their degree of organisational identification with the museum, and organisational identification and certain relational constructs (satisfaction with products and services, trust in the organisation an.
AN EVALUATION OF USER SATISFACTION WITH LIBRARY SERVICES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO, MEDUNSA CAMPUS (MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA)

The study defined User Satisfaction as an evaluation of a product or service in terms of whether that product or service has met their needs and expectations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the services and resources which the library provide and find out if the users are satisfied with them. The library plays an important support role in any university. It supply information needs to students and staff. The study focused mainly on the following problem areas; type of services required by the users, adequacy of information resources and user satisfaction of the services they receive. Three hundred and twenty seven (327) questionnaires were distributed to students, academic staff and administrative staff. 233 out of 327 questionnaires issued were received back yielding a 71% response rate. Microsoft Excel was used to analyse data collected. It was discovered that the users do make significant use of the library, its services and resources. The following are the main findings: that users do visit the library frequently, make use of the books, are satisfied with library hours, registration process and the staff members. It was drawn that there are some areas that need attention like the increase of book and journal collection, photocopy machines, improvement of the internet service, increase of library hours and improvement of the services from library staff. The study therefore recommends the following: the increase of book and journal collections, improvement of internet facility and photocopy service, that the library hours are increased and that staff are trained in maintaining high level of user satisfaction.
The Successor Representation as a model of behavioural flexibility

Accounting for behavioural capabilities and flexibilities experimentally observed in animals is a major issue in computational neurosciences. In order to design a comprehensive algorithmic framework for this purpose, the model-free and model-based reinforcement learning (RL) components are generally taken as reference either in isolation or in combination. In this article, we consider the RL Successor Representation (SR) approach as an alternative. We compare it to the standard model-free and modelbased models on three relevant experimental data-sets. These modelling experiments demonstrate that SR is able to account better for several behavioural flexibilities while being algorithmically simpler.
The Internationalization of Polish Firms: An Empirical Investigatin of the M-P Relationship

The purpose of this paper was to determine the nature of the relationship between multinationality and performance (M-P relationship) among Polish companies. It is based on a sample of over 300 Polish companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange, studied over two years (625 observations were used for statistical processing). Multiple regression and t-statistic analyses were applied to test three hypotheses. The dependent variable was company performance and the independent variable was the degree of company internationalization. A number of control variables were also incorporated in the regression models. The statistically significant results of the multiple regression analyses show that Polish companies experience a negative linear relationship between their degree of internationalization and performance for two variants of the dependent variable, and a non-linear, U-shaped relationship for one dependent variable. The results also show that companies operating on international markets achieve lower market-valuation results than their domestic counterparts, and companies with lower levels of multinationality perform better than those with higher levels of multinationality.
POST-ACQUISITION FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

This study reports the results of an empirical analysis of post‐acquisition financial performance and changes in executive compensation. A model of the determinants of cash compensation is presented and tested. Firm size, form of acquisition, executive motivation, and financial performance are analyzed for two groups of acquiring firms. Results are compared to a group of non‐acquiring firms. The financial performance measures include accounting and capital market data for a 4‐year period both preceding and following acquisition activity. The results indicate that, on average, firms which engaged in a major acquisition performed poorly in the post‐acquisition period. Top executives of those firms, on average, experienced significant increases in cash compensation. After controlling for size effects, financial performance related strongly to changes in executive compensation for the non‐acquiring firms, but generally did not relate to changes in executive compensation for the acquiring firms.
PERSISTENCE OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA IN WETLANDS FOLLOWING AVIAN CHOLERA OUTBREAKS

Avian cholera, caused by Pasteurella multocida, affects waterbirds across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Once an epizootic begins, contamination of the wetland environment likely facilitates the transmission of P. multocida to susceptible birds. To evaluate the ability of P. multocida serotype-1, the most common serotype associated with avian cholera in waterfowl in western and central North America, to persist in wetlands and to identify environmental factors associated with its persistence, we collected water and sediment samples from 23 wetlands during winters and springs of 1996–99. These samples were collected during avian cholera outbreaks and for up to 13 wk following initial sampling. We recovered P. multocida from six wetlands that were sampled following the initial outbreaks, but no P. multocida was isolated later than 7 wk after the initial outbreak sampling. We found no significant relationship between the probability of recovery of P. multocida during resampling and the abundance of the bacterium recovered during initial sampling, the substrate from which isolates were collected, isolate virulence, or water quality conditions previously suggested to be related to the abundance or survival of P. multocida. Our results indicate that wetlands are unlikely to serve as a long-term reservoir for P. multocida because the bacterium does not persist in wetlands for long time periods following avian cholera outbreaks.
Satisfaction, Repurchase Intent, and Repurchase Behavior: Investigating the Moderating Effect of Customer Characteristics

Despite the claim that satisfaction ratings are linked to repurchase behavior, few attempts can be found that relate satisfaction ratings to actual repurchase behavior. This article fills this void by presenting a conceptual model for relating satisfaction ratings and repurchase behavior. The model is based on the premise that ratings observed in a typical customer satisfaction survey are error-prone measures of the customer's true satisfaction, and they may vary systematically on the basis of consumer characteristics. The authors apply the model to a large-scale study of 100,040 automotive customers. Results show that consumers with different characteristics have different thresholds such that, at the same level of rated satisfaction, repurchase rates are systematically different among different customer groups. The authors also find that the nature and extent of response bias in satisfaction ratings varies by customer characteristics. In one group, the response bias is so high that rated satisfaction is completely uncorrelated to repurchase behavior (r = 0). Furthermore, the authors find that, though nonlinear, the functional form relating rated satisfaction to repurchase intent is different from the one relating it to repurchase behavior. Although the functional form exhibits decreasing returns in the case of repurchase intent, it exhibits monotonically increasing returns in the case of repurchase behavior.
Customers Perceptions Toward The Use of Online Services: The Case of Saudi Telecommunication Sector

Abstract The consumer attitudes perceptions toward online services can help marketing managers predict the online services rate and evaluate the future growth of commerce. In general, the research expected to contribute to the theory and practice of consumer behavior consumer perceptions toward online services. This research intends to propose framework that will implementing the consumer perceptions towards online service dimensions, mainly, (perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and privacy security) that is compatible with the Saudi telecommunication companies. The objective of this study are to test the framework, structural equation modeling techniques have been applied to data collected from 102 customers of telecommunication sector in Saudi Arabia. Therfor the result build that the factors affects the consumer perceptions towards online service, thus all of these factors enhance the ability of the consumer to handle the products or services and search them through the internet. Additional, there is statistically significant effect the factors consumer perceptions towards online service at Saudi telecommunication sector. Keywords: Customers, Attitudes, Perceptions, Toward, Online Services
“I Believe What I See”: College Students’ Use of Media, Issue Engagement, and Perceived Responsibility Regarding Campus Sexual Assault

The topic of campus sexual assault has received much media attention recently, prompting scholars to examine media effects on students’ attitudes and behaviors. A survey of 567 American college students examined how their media exposure is related to issue engagement, perceived responsibility, and acceptance of rape myths. Results indicated that reading newspaper stories about campus sexual assault might contribute to college students’ victim blaming. Among other media channels examined, social media were found to be highly correlated with students’ engagement with the issue. We also found that victim blaming and acceptance of rape myths could be reduced by raising students’ perceived importance of the issue. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail.
Is Parental Longevity Associated With the Cardiovascular Risk and the Successful Aging of Their Offspring? Results From the Multinational MEDIS Study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of parental longevity and parental cardiovascular disease (CVD) history in CVD risk and successful aging of a random sample of older adults living in the Mediterranean basin and who participated in the MEDiterranean Islands (MEDIS) study. During 2005 to 2011, 2663 elders were voluntarily enrolled. A multidimensional successful aging index consisting of 10 components was used. Paternal and maternal longevity was defined as those older participants of whom both parents lived above the age of 90. The burden of CVD-related factors (CVD-RFs) was calculated as the total score of 4 major CVD-RFs (range 0-4). After adjustment, parental longevity was inversely associated with the burden of CVD-RFs (P = .04). Moreover, parental longevity was positively associated with the older adults’ successful aging score (β-coefficient [95% confidence interval]: .38 [0.06-0.71]). Parent’s long living was revealed as an important factor for successful aging and for reduced CVD risk, suggesting that further research is needed in the genetic predisposition of longevity.
Deep-Bed Electret Filters: The Determination of Single Fiber Charge and Collection Efficiency

Deep-bed electret filters are used to separate small solid or liquid particles from gas flows. Compared with conventional deep-bed filters of similiar pressure loss, they operate with substantially higher collection efficiencies. During the course of filtration, however, the electrical charges of the deposited particles neutralize the electret fibers, temporarily decreasing the collection efficiency. In this paper, experimentally determined fractional separation functions of different types of electret filters are presented for the particle size range from 10 nm to 10 , um at a filter face velocity of 10 cm/s. The initial efficiencies are compared to that of a conventional (glass fiber) filter and also to those of the electret filters in discharged state. The results of long-term filtration experiments show that a complex time-dependent behavior exists for different filter materials. Furthermore, two experimental methods are presented and discussed which determine the charge characteristics of single electret fibers.
A Study of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intent among the IT and ITES Sector Employees

Of late, the Indian economy is booming by leaps and bounds, mainly powered by the service sector. In turn, Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Service (ITES) industries are the prime movers of the service sector. Although these two industries are somewhat related, they differ in significant ways. In addition, a large number of women are entering workforce, posing new challenges for organizations in managing diversity at the workplace. There is evidence that high job satisfaction leads to greater productivity. Research also shows that committed employees have less turnover intent. The present study examines the impact on industry background and gender on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intent. A total of 313 respondents were selected through convenience sampling from different IT and ITES organizations of National Capital Region (NCR), Delhi. The results showed that the IT group had lower job satisfaction and organizational commitment compared to the ITES group, while it displayed higher turnover intent. The male group showed significantly higher job satisfaction and significantly lower turnover intent compared to the female group. Further, job satisfaction increased organizational commitment. Finally, both job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased turnover intent. The findings are discussed in the light of the expectations of employees and the future directions for research are outlined.
Plasma homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B₁₂ levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and normotensive glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, and folic acid in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS), PEXS plus normotensive glaucoma (NTG). MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 24 patients with PEXG, 35 patients with PEXS, 18 patients with PEXS plus NTG, and 35 control subjects were enrolled into study. Their Hcy levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); the levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured by a competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Higher plasma Hcy levels and lower folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were found in all 3 patients' groups compared with the control group (all P<0.001, expect for folic acid in the PEXG group, P=0.03). Although plasma Hcy levels in the PEXG and PEXS groups were similar, the PEXS plus NTG group had significantly higher Hcy levels compared with these groups (P=0.019 and P=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that there was an association between hyperhomocysteinemia and PEXS either with or without glaucoma. The patients with PEXS plus NTG had higher plasma Hcy levels than the patients with PEXS or PEXG and the healthy controls. The treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia by taking low-cost vitamin B12 and folic acid preparations may prevent additional vascular problems.
Stock Market’s Reactions to Industrial Accidents: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This study attempts to explore whether and how stock market responds to industrial accidents. We employ the event study method to look into the responses of stock markets to 83 accidents experienced by various listed companies in China, and explore how industrial accidents influence stock market in the different markets. Findings imply that the stock market shows negative reaction with respect to these accidents. However, as time goes by, the market reaction tapers off. In the bear market, the negative market reaction was highly significant. Small-sized companies, in comparison with other companies, have a most significant reaction to accidents and they also have the worst ability to recover from accidents. The findings of this study can help the investors to better understand how the stock market reacts to the industrial accidents in different market environments and under other conditions.
Involvement of a pasteurizer in the contamination of milk by Bacillus cereus in a commercial dairy plant

Bacillus cereus is a common contaminant in raw milk. The spores survive pasteurization and psychrotrophic strains of B. cereus often limit the keeping quality of pasteurized milk stored at > 6 °C (Griffiths, 1992). High numbers of B. cereus in pasteurized milk are most frequent when the cows are grazing (Slaghuis et al. 1997), mainly owing to increased levels of spores in raw milk resulting from teat contamination by soil (Christiansson et al. 1999). However, high numbers can also be found in pasteurized milk while the cows are housed indoors, and this is probably caused by additional contamination at the dairy plant (te Giffel et al. 1996; Larsen & Jørgensen, 1997; Lin et al. 1998). There is little information available about the sites of recontamination in the dairy. The use of typing techniques capable of discrimination below the species level, such as fatty acid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction (RAPD–PCR), could be helpful in demonstrating contamination routes (Lin et al. 1998; Nilsson et al. 1998). Spores of B. cereus are very hydrophobic and readily adhere to surfaces of steel, glass and rubber (Rönner et al. 1990), and short cleaning-in-place programmes do not always eliminate all the spores (Rönner & Husmark, 1992). Spores adhering to surfaces are more difficult to eliminate by disinfectants than spores in solution (te Giffel et al. 1995). Many B. cereus spores germinate rapidly in milk upon heat activation and, if allowed to propagate undisturbed on surfaces, may form biofilms that are extremely difficult to eliminate (Mosteller & Bishop, 1993; Wirtanen et al. 1996; Kumar & Anand, 1998). This paper describes how we demonstrated the involvement of a pasteurizer in the contamination of pasteurized milk by B. cereus in a commercial dairy plant using a combination of classic microbiological analyses and typing of strains by RAPD–PCR.
Mandatory audit firm rotation and auditor independence: empirical evidence from Nigerian listed banks

The consolidation of banking sector in Nigeria in 2006 brought about the introduction of mandatory audit firm rotation as part of banks code of corporate governance with the aim of further strengthening auditors independence. Internationally, the debate on the propriety of mandatory rotation of external auditors by companies assumed greater prominence following corporate failures across the globe especially the collapse of Enron and WorldCom in the USA and Parlmalat in Italy. The research employs cross sectional research design to gather panel data from mega money deposit banks in Nigeria using multivariate logistic regression as method of analysis. The research found that there is no significant relationship between audit firm rotation and auditor independence. This is inconsistent with prior work of DeFond et al. (2002), but consistent with the work of DeAngelo (1981). The research concludes that there is no statistically significant relationship between audit firm rotation and auditor independence.
The African-American Financial Services Market: Profiling The Substantiality And Viability Of An Underserved Segment

The purpose of this study is to help marketers recognize, understand and respond to the underserved African-American financial services market in the U.S. To do so, the study examines demographic trends and financial consumption patterns of African-American consumers, drawing on the most recent Survey of Consumer Finances to explore the principal differences between black and white households’ asset holdings and financial product and service preferences. Findings indicate that the African-American market has grown rapidly in size and viability over the past decade, and that African-American consumers differ markedly from their white counterparts in terms of financial product preferences and investment portfolio composition. The difference between the two segments is especially evident in the case of relatively more risky, but higher return, financial products. Based on these findings it is apparent that marketers should endeavor to reach this increasingly attractive but underserved segment of the U.S. financial services marketplace.