Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Sharing in Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Teams

This paper considers the problem of cooperative search and task response in a heterogeneous team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with limited communication. The UAVs are engaged in a mission to search and verifiably destroy targets in an uncertain environment. The UAVs do not have access to centralized information, and each UAV makes its decisions based on subjective information obtained through observation and communication with other UAVs. We present a strategy for information sharing and fusion, and study the impact of this strategy's parameters on the performance of the UAV team.
Ubiquity of the water-borne pathogens, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in KwaZulu-Natal populations

The prevalence of the diarrhoea disease caused by the water-borne pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia in KwaZulu-Natal, was determined from pathology laboratory data. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were found to be endemic in KwaZulu-Natal with laboratory-confirmed incidences ranging from 2.9 to 3.7% and 2.9 to 3.0% respectively of diarrhoea samples submitted for protozoan parasite analysis. Increases in the number of samples submitted for Cryptosporidium or Giardia analysis were independent of the actual incidence of either protozoan pathogen. Female and male patients tested for cryptosporidiosis had similar positive percentages while giardiasis was more prevalent in female patients. Cryptosporidium and Giardia prevalence in children under 5 years indicated that Cryptosporidium was most prevalent (39.3%) in the Giardia was most prevalent in the 3 to 4 year age group (38.5%). A low percentage of Cryptosporidium and Giardia positive cases were recorded in symptomatic (4.5% and 5.3% respectively) and asymptomatic (2.4% and 0.8% respectively) HIV patients. The incidence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia did not appear to correlate (Pearson's correlation test) with climatic factors such as rainfall, season or year, possibly indicating that water-borne transmission is not the predominant route and other factors such as personal hygiene, potable water supply, sanitation and education probably have a more significant impact. WaterSA Vol.27(1) 2001: 57-64
Sexually Transmitted Infections, Pregnancy, and Intimate Partner Violence

Women in abusive relationships are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but the strategies they use to protect themselves from such infections have not been studied. Using the descriptive qualitative approach of thematic analysis, I explored those strategies among formerly abused women and examined the role of pregnancy as a protective factor for both STIs and intimate partner violence (IPV). Women described creative strategies, but as the abuse continued, women came to realize that the only way to protect themselves was to leave the relationship. Health care providers are well situated to provide information and support to abused women.
Procesamiento de modismos: un enfoque psico-pragmático

Este trabajo presenta un enfoque psico-pragmatico de procesamiento de modismos con la superficie flexibilidad como para poder analizar los procesos cognitivos subyacentes en cualquier modismo por diversa y compleja que sea su naturaleza. Para ello, se han combinado dos perspectivas de analisis, indispensables y complementarias, a mi modo de ver: por un lado, la teoria pragmatica de la relevancia de Sperber y Wilson y, por otro, la teoria psicolinguistica de la descomposicionalidad idiomatica, propuesta por Gibbs. La tesis esta estructurada en seis capitulos. En el primero de ellos se realiza un analisis terminologico y tipologico de las denominaciones mas comunes, como son "modismo", "expresion fija", "unidad fraseologica" o "expresion extendida". Dicho analisis pone de manifiesto la imprecision y subjetividad con que se utilizan los terminos anteriormente citados. Por ello, se propone una definicion y tipologia de los modismos atendiendo a criterios de uso pragmatico. En el segundo capitulo se lleva a cabo una revision critica de los modelos psicolinguistas sobre procesamiento de modismos, analizando de forma mas exhaustiva la propuesta de Gibbs. Tras el repaso a los modelos de procesamiento psicolinguistas, en el tercer capitulo se exponen las idea principales de la teoria de la relevancia. El capitulo cuarto esta dividio en dos partes vinculadas entre si. La primera de ellas trata el tema de los que los modismos comunican explicita e implicitamente. La segunda parte estudia los distintos usos de los modismos: descriptivos - cuando la forma proposicional de un modismo representa un estado de cosas del mundo-, e interpretativos y/o metalinguisticos -cuando dicha forma proposiconal posee cirta semejanza semantcia y/o formal respectivamente con el pensamiento de la hablante, como es el caso de la mayoria de los modismos y de todas las variantes idiomaticas. Si en el capitulo cuarto se tien
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Genotype Alter the Atorvastatin and Simvastatin Efficacy

We compared the efficacy of atorvastatin with simvastatin according to cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) genes. Patients treated with atorvastatin (n = 254) or simvastatin (n = 332) were genotyped for CETP (TaqIB and I405V) and ABCA1 (R219K) genetic variants. For genotype B1B2, atorvastatin compared with simvastatin treatment resulted in a greater decrease in total cholesterol (35.4% vs 31.6%, P = .035) and a lower increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2% vs 8%, P = .05). For genotype B2B2, atorvastatin compared with simvastatin treatment resulted in a lower decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31.85 vs 42%, P = .029). For genotypes RR and KK, atorvastatin compared with simvastatin treatment resulted in a greater decrease of triglycerides (27% vs 17% and 35% vs 15%, respectively; P = .02 for all comparisons). The TaqIB and R219K (opposite to I405V) gene polymorphisms seem to modify the response to lipid-lowering therapy with simvastatin or atorvastatin treatment.
MUTATIONS IN AND DELETIONS OF THE Ca2+ CHANNEL-ENCODING GENE CACOPHONY, WHICH AFFECT COURTSHIP SONG IN DROSOPHILA, HAVE NOVEL EFFECTS ON HEARTBEATING

The cacophony (cac) locus of Drosophila melanogaster encodes the α-1 subunit of a voltage gated Ca2+ channel, termed Dmca1A. A subset of mutations at this locus cause characteristic alterations in the male mating song, manifest as polycyclic pulses with higher than normal amplitude. This phenotype has been postulated to result from disruption of an oscillator involving the cac-encoded channel, nearly identical to a model proposed for the pacemaker of the Drosophila heart. We report here that flies bearing two intragenic mutations that affect song, cacS and cacTS2, cause aberrant heartbeating. Hearts of both cacS and cacTS2 mutants beat significantly more rapidly than wild type and the heartbeat is more regular across temperature. Deletions of the cac gene, heterozygous with cac+, caused interestingly similar heartbeating anomalies. For the heart phenotypes, the mutations are dominant, unlike the effects of cacS on song. In sum, our results establish the hypothesis that the observed effects are a result of a reduced number of functional cac-encoded channels rather than any specific alteration in the protein, and that in addition to Dmca1A, a second Ca2+ channel with different kinetics is also involved in pacemaking.
LONG-TERM INHALATION OF DIESEL EXHAUST AFFECTS CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN MURINE LUNG TISSUES: COMPARISON BETWEEN LOW- AND HIGH-DOSE DIESEL EXHAUST EXPOSURE

The authors investigated the effect of diesel exhaust (DE) on cytokine expression in murine lung tissues. BALB/c mice were exposed to DE for 1 month at different dose levels of DE (low dose: diesel exhaust particles [DEP] 100 μ g/m 3 ; high dose: 3mg/m 3) . After exposure, the authors examined mRNA expression of cytokines (tumor nocrosis factor alpha [TFN- α ], Interleukin [IL]-1 β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and interferon gamma [IFN- γ ] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lung, and also measured the secretion of TNF- α and IL-10 protein by alveolar macrophages (AM). The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IFN- γ) and iNOS, which are important for host defense, were suppressed significantly. However, the IL-10 mRNA level was increased by DE exposure. The IL-4 mRNA level was increased by low-dose DE exposure but suppressed by high-dose DE exposure. TNF- α and IL-10 secretion by AM paralleled mRNA expression. Chronic inhalation of DE affects cytokine expression in murine lung. These results suggest that DE alters immunological responses in the lung and may increase susceptibility to pathogens, and that increased IL-4 expression by low-dose DE exposure may induce allergic reaction such as asthma.
Limit distributions for different forms of four-state quantum walks on a two-dimensional lattice

Long-time limit distributions are key quantities for understanding the asymptotic dynamics of quantum walks, and they are known for most forms of one-dimensional quantum walks using two-state coin systems. For two-dimensional quantum walks using a four-state coin system, however, the only known limit distribution is for a walk using a parameterized Grover coin operation and analytical complexities have been a major obstacle for obtaining long-time limit distributions for other coins. In this work however, we present two new types of long-time limit distributions for walks using different forms of coin-flip operations in a four-state coin system. This opens the road towards understanding the dynamics and asymptotic behaviour for higher state coin system from a mathematical view point.
Exosomes : Mechanisms of Uptake Review Article

Exosomes are 30–100 nm microvesicles which contain complex cellular signals of RNA, protein and lipids. Because of this, exosomes are implicated as having limitless therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer, pregnancy complications, infections, and autoimmune diseases. To date we know a considerable amount about exosome biogenesis and secretion, but there is a paucity of data regarding the uptake of exosomes by immune and nonimmune cell types (e.g., cancer cells) and the internal signalling pathways by which these exosomes elicit a cellular response. Answering these questions is of para‐ mount importance.
Management of Hyperkalemia in Dialysis Patients

Hyperkalemia is common in patients with end‐stage renal disease, and may result in serious electrocardiographic abnormalities. Dialysis is the definitive treatment of hyperkalemia in these patients. Intravenous calcium is used to stabilize the myocardium. Intravenous insulin and nebulized albuterol lower serum potassium acutely, by shifting it into the cells. Despite their widespread use, neither intravenous bicarbonate nor cation exchange resins are effective in lowering serum potassium acutely. Prevention of hyperkalemia currently rests largely upon dietary compliance and avoidance of medications that may promote hyperkalemia. Prolonged fasting may provoke hyperkalemia, which can be prevented by administration of intravenous dextrose.
The Role of Parental ADHD in Sustaining the Effects of a Family-School Intervention for ADHD

This study investigated the extent to which parental Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms impact child and parent outcomes following a multimodal family–school intervention, the Family School Success (FSS) program, when compared to an active-control condition (CARE). Participants were 139 children with ADHD (67% male; 91% non-Hispanic; 77% Caucasian; Grades 2–6) and their primary caretaker (91% female; ages 26–59) who participated in a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of FSS. Associations were examined between parent-reported ADHD symptoms at baseline and intervention outcomes reported by parents and teachers after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up, including child homework and classroom impairments, child ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, parenting behaviors, and parent–teacher relationship quality. Across both treatment conditions, parental ADHD was not associated with parent or child outcomes at postassessment. However, differences emerged between the two treatment groups at follow-up for parents with ADHD, particularly when an empirically supported symptom cutoff was used to identify parents at risk for having ADHD. In FSS, but not in CARE, parental ADHD was associated with declines in treatment gains in the quality of the parent–teacher relationship and the child's homework performance. Parents at risk for ADHD had difficulty maintaining treatment effects for themselves and their child in the FSS intervention but not in CARE. The supportive and educational components central to the CARE intervention may be helpful in promoting the sustainability of psychosocial interventions for children with ADHD who have parents with elevated ADHD symptoms.
Recurrence after percutaneous ethanol ablation of simple hepatic, renal, and splenic cysts: is it true recurrence requiring an additional treatment?

Background: Recurrence after percutaneous ethanol ablation (PEA) of benign hepatic and renal cysts has been common, resulting in re-treatment or additional surgery. However, in recent years, a few cases of spontaneous regression of recurrent cysts following PEA have been experienced, which led to the design of this study to evaluate cyst recurrence after PEA and the necessity of additional treatment. Purpose: To evaluate whether the initial recurrence after PEA of benign hepatic, renal, and splenic cysts is true recurrence, and to decide whether additional treatment is needed. Material and Methods: Thirty-nine benign cysts (21 hepatic, 17 renal, and one splenic) were treated with PEA. PEA was performed with injection of 13–900 ml (40–50% of the volume of aspirated fluid) of absolute ethanol into the cysts. For cysts larger than 100 ml, two or more PEAs were given in one session. Ultrasonography was then performed during a period of 12 months with 1–2-month intervals. Results: Two months after PEA, eight cysts (20.5%) regressed completely; another 31 cysts recurred with decreased size. After 6 months, 10 of the recurrent cysts had regressed spontaneously. Another four recurrent cysts regressed after 8 months, and three regressed after 12 months. Hence, 25 out of 39 (64.1%) cysts regressed within 12 months after PEA. The mean regression time of the 25 recurrent cysts was 6.3 months. All recurrent cysts, including the 14 that were lost to complete follow-up, showed gradual decrease overtime. There were no major complications associated with PEA. Conclusion: Initial relapse of a cyst following PEA does not signify true recurrence, but transient, reactive, or inflammatory fluid collections which eventually disappear within several months, and thus does not necessitate additional treatment.
Secondary Victimization of Abused Mothers by Family Court Mediators

Family court often assists divorcing parties in establishing custody arrangements. Mediation is commonly used for custody negotiation; however, its applicability for cases involving intimate partner abuse (IPA) is debated. This study was designed to gain an in-depth understanding of abused mothers’ court mediation experiences and how those experiences impact future court help-seeking when the fathers of their children have been abusive to them. Most women experienced secondary victimization during mediation, which had a negative impact on their willingness to use the court in the future. Policy recommendations include screening for IPA, providing separate mediation sessions, and improving court mediators’ training.
Oral health survey of the adult population of the Valencia region (Spain).

OBJECTIVES Ascertain the oral health status of the adult population in the Valencia region of Spain. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional prevalence study was conducted on a sample of 1264 adults, comprising 733 individuals aged 35-44 years and 531 individuals aged 65-74 years. Data collection was carried out in 2006. In both age groups (younger adults and older adults), the clinical examinations were carried out by calibrated dentists (Kappa <0.76). RESULTS The caries prevalence in the group of 35-44 year-old subjects was 92.2% (DMFT=7.64). In the group of 65-74 year-old subjects, it was 98.3% (DMFT=16.38). The F/DMFT percentage of the younger adults was 66% and that of the older adults was 16.3%. The edentate percentage was 0.1% in the group of 35-44 year-old subjects and 20.7% in the group of 65-74 year-old subjects. Calculus prevalence was almost 60% among the younger adults. Nearly 22% of the younger adults and 26% older adults presented periodontal pockets, although only a minority (4.6% and 4.3%) were CPI score 4. Significant differences in the various indices were found in relation to institutionalization and socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS The caries prevalence (DMFT>0) found in the two age groups studied remains very high: over 90%. The worst health status is found in certain groups, such as the institutionalized elderly and adults with a low socio-economic status.
The ontology of words: a structural approach

ABSTRACT Words form a fundamental basis for our understanding of linguistic practice. However, the precise ontology of words has eluded many philosophers and linguists. A persistent difficulty for most accounts of words is the type-token distinction [Bromberger, S. 1989. “Types and Tokens in Linguistics. ” In Reflections on Chomsky, edited by A. George, 58–90. Basil Blackwell; Kaplan, D. 1990. “Words. ” Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume LXIV: 93–119]. In this paper, I present a novel account of words which differs from the atomistic and platonistic conceptions of previous accounts which I argue fall prey to this problem. Specifically, I proffer a structuralist account of linguistic items, along the lines of structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics [Shapiro, S. 1997. Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and Ontology. Oxford University Press], in which words are defined in part as positions in larger linguistic structures. I then follow Szabò [1999. “Expressions and Their Representations. ” The Philosophical Quarterly 49 (195): 145–163] and Parsons [1990. “The Structuralist View of Mathematical Objects. ” Synthese 84: 303–346] in further defining words as quasi-concrete objects according to a representation relation. This view aims for general correspondence with contemporary generative linguistic approaches to the study of language.
The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non‐clinical sample

This study focuses on the relationship between the use of specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems. Two samples were included: 99 adults from a clinical population and 99 matched non‐clinical adults. Data was obtained in both groups on the use of nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies: self‐blame, other‐blame, rumination, catastrophizing, putting into perspective, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, and refocus on planning. Logistic regression analyses show that self‐blame, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal were, relative to the other strategies, the most important variables for distinguishing between the two samples. While the first two strategies were reported significantly more often by the clinical than by the non‐clinical sample, positive reappraisal was reported significantly more often by the non‐clinical sample. The results suggest that cognitive emotion regulation strategies may be a useful target for prevention and intervention. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving Long-Term Optimal Outcomes in Geriatric Depression and Anxiety

Abstract Depression and anxiety disorders are very common in the elderly. Data accumulated over the past 2 decades have shown that most older patients can tolerate and respond to acute treatment with serotonergic antidepressants, other psychotropic agents, or manual-based psychotherapy. However, outcomes under usual-care conditions remain poor. This review proposes that clinicians may significantly improve the long-term outcomes of their older patients with depression and anxiety by focusing on four key factors: (1) identification and treatment of comorbid conditions; (2) full remission of acute symptoms; (3) education of patients, families, and professional colleagues about the need for long-term treatment; and (4) prevention and management of medication side-effects.
The pattern of response to anti-interleukin-1 treatment distinguishes two subsets of patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade and in vitro IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS Twenty-two patients with systemic-onset JIA were treated with the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anakinra. Monocytes from 18 patients and 20 healthy donors were activated by different Toll-like receptor ligands. Intracellular and secreted IL-1beta and IL-18 were analyzed by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Ten patients with systemic-onset JIA exhibited a dramatic response to anakinra and were classified as complete responders. Eleven patients had an incomplete response or no response, and 1 patient could not be classified in terms of response. Compared with patients who had an incomplete response or no response, complete responders had a lower number of active joints (P = 0.02) and an increased absolute neutrophil count (P = 0.02). In vitro IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion in response to various stimuli was not increased and was independent of treatment efficacy. Likewise, secretion of IL-1Ra by monocytes from patients with systemic-onset JIA was not impaired. An overall low level of IL-1beta secretion upon exposure to exogenous ATP was observed, unrelated to treatment responsiveness or disease activity. CONCLUSION Two subsets of systemic-onset JIA can be identified according to patient response to IL-1 blockade. The 2 subsets appear to be characterized by some distinct clinical features. In vitro secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18 by monocytes from patients with systemic-onset JIA is not increased and is independent of both treatment outcome and disease activity.