Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG Avidity Testing in Diagnosing Primary CMV Infection during Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The risk of intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy is much greater for women who contract primary CMV infection after conception than for women with evidence of infection (circulating CMV antibodies) before conception. Thus, laboratory tests that aid in the identification of recent primary CMV infection are important tools for managing the care of pregnant women suspected of having been exposed to CMV. CMV IgM detection is a sensitive marker of primary CMV infection, but its specificity is poor because CMV IgM is also produced during viral reactivation and persists following primary infection in some individuals. Studies conducted over the last 20 years convincingly demonstrate that measurement of CMV IgG avidity is both a sensitive and a specific method for identifying pregnant women with recent primary CMV infection and thus at increased risk for vertical CMV transmission. IgG avidity is defined as the strength with which IgG binds to antigenic epitopes expressed by a given protein; it matures gradually during the 6 months following primary infection. Low CMV IgG avidity is an accurate indicator of primary infection within the preceding 3 to 4 months, whereas high avidity excludes primary infection within the preceding 3 months. In this minireview, we summarize published data demonstrating the clinical utility of CMV IgG avidity results for estimating time since primary infection in pregnant women, describe commercially available CMV IgG avidity assays, and discuss some of the issues and controversies surrounding CMV IgG avidity testing during pregnancy.
Kulin greenstone quarries: The social contexts of production and distribution for the Mt William site

Abstract This paper considers aspects of the distribution of greenstone artefacts from quarries in southeastern Australia, particularly that at Mt William. It explores the social contexts of production and of distribution by considering the archaeological evidence against that provided by ethnography, linguistics and ethnohistory. Testing for correlations between features of the artefact distributions and of other aspects of culture for the Kulin tribes of south‐east Australia allows a case to be made for the social determination of many of these features, and that the distribution arrays may be effective reflectors of aspects of group relationships.
Measuring Explicit Political Positions of Media

We amass a new, large-scale dataset of newspaper editorials that allows us to calculate fine-grained measures of the political positions of newspaper editorial pages. Collecting and classifying over 1500 editorials adopted by 25 major US newspapers on 495 Supreme Court cases from 1994 to 2004, we apply an item response theoretic approach to place newspaper editorial boards on a substantively meaningful — and long validated — scale of political preferences. We validate the measures, show how they can be used to shed light on the permeability of the wall between news and editorial desks, and argue that the general strategy we employ has great potential for more widespread use.
Inhibition of salt appetite in rats by central oxytocin.

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: Fitts DA, SN Thornton, AA Ruhf, DK Zierath, AK Johnson, and RL Thunhorst. Effects of central oxytocin receptor blockade on water and saline intake, mean arterial pressure, and c-Fos expression in rats. Am J Physiol
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND Reported risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) vary widely, and the magnitude and independence of each are uncertain. OBJECTIVES To identify independent risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and to estimate the magnitude of risk for each. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a population-based, nested, case-control study of 625 Olmsted County, Minnesota, patients with a first lifetime VTE diagnosed during the 15-year period from January 1, 1976, through December 31, 1990, and 625 Olmsted County patients without VTE. The 2 groups were matched on age, sex, calendar year, and medical record number. RESULTS Independent risk factors for VTE included surgery (odds ratio [OR], 21.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4-49.9), trauma (OR, 12.7; 95% CI, 4.1-39.7), hospital or nursing home confinement (OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 4.5-14.2), malignant neoplasm with (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.1-20.2) or without (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.9-8.5) chemotherapy, central venous catheter or pacemaker (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.6-19.6), superficial vein thrombosis (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.8-10.6), and neurological disease with extremity paresis (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3-7.4). The risk associated with varicose veins diminished with age (for age 45 years: OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.6-11.3; for age 60 years: OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.6; for age 75 years: OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6-1.4), while patients with liver disease had a reduced risk (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7). CONCLUSION Hospital or nursing home confinement, surgery, trauma, malignant neoplasm, chemotherapy, neurologic disease with paresis, central venous catheter or pacemaker, varicose veins, and superficial vein thrombosis are independent and important risk factors for VTE.
Novel approach for ISAR image cross-range scaling

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging systems produce electromagnetic images of targets in the range-Doppler domain. In order to rescale the image in a homogeneous range-cross range domain (meters by meters), the modulus of the target effective rotation vector must be known. Although in some cases it can be retrieved by means of ancillary data, in most cases the modulus of the target effective rotation vector must be estimated. A blind technique is proposed for estimating the modulus of the target effective rotation vector that exploits information carried by the chirp rate of scattering centres. A technique based on image segmentation, local polynomial Fourier transform (LPFT), and image contrast (IC) maximisation is used in order to extract the scattering centres and estimate their chirp rate. Simulated and real data analyses are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Calibrating a global three-dimensional biogeochemical ocean model (MOPS-1.0)

Global biogeochemical ocean models contain a variety of different biogeochemical components and often much simplified representations of complex dynamical interactions, which are described by many (≈10–≈100) parameters. The values of many of these parameters are empirically difficult to constrain, due to the fact that in the models they represent processes for a range of different groups of organisms at the same time, while even for single species parameter values are often difficult to determine in situ. Therefore, these models are subject to a high level of parametric uncertainty. This may be of consequence for their skill with respect to accurately describing the relevant features of the present ocean, as well as their sensitivity to possible environmental changes. We here present a framework for the calibration of global biogeochemical ocean models on short and long time scales. The framework combines an offline approach for transport of biogeochemical tracers with an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy, CMAES). We explore the performance and capability of this framework by five different optimizations of six biogeochemical parameters of a global biogeochemical model. First, a twin experiment explores the feasibility of this approach. Four optimizations against a climatology of observations of annual mean dissolved nutrients and oxygen determine the extent, to which different setups of the optimization influence model's fit and parameter estimates. Because the misfit function applied focuses on the large-scale distribution of inorganic biogeochemical tracers, parameters that act on large spatial and temporal scales are determined earliest, and with the least spread. Parameters more closely tied to surface biology, which act on shorter time scales, are more difficult to determine. In particular the search for optimum zooplankton parameters can benefit from a sound knowledge of maximum and minimum parameter values, leading to a more efficient optimization. It is encouraging that, although the misfit function does not contain any direct information about biogeochemical turnover, the optimized models nevertheless provide a better fit to observed global biogeochemical fluxes.
Organelle Pathology in Primary and Secondary Haemochromatosis with Special Reference to Lysosomal Changes

Summary. The organelle pathology of liver biopsy specimens from patients with either primary or secondary haemochromatosis was investigated by analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis. The most striking changes were found in the lysosomes. Increased total activities but decreased latent activities of enzymes selectively localized to the high density population of lysosomes was demonstrated in the iron overloaded biopsies. Depletion of the iron, where possible, by venesection was accompained by a return to normal of these changes.
Detection of child mental health disorders by general practitioners.

BACKGROUND Few children with mental disorders access specialist services. Although previous studies suggest that general practitioner (GP) recognition is limited, parents may not be presenting these problems. AIM To compare GP recognition of disorders with child mental health data and to examine factors affecting recognition, in particular whether recognition is enhanced if the parent expresses concern during the consultation. DESIGN OF STUDY A two-phase design involving an initial community survey of children between the ages of 5 and 11 years. In the second phase, primary care attenders who were regarded by their GP as having a mental health disorder were compared with those who were not. SETTING Five general practices in Croydon, outer London. METHOD For 186 children attending primary care, GP recognition of disorders was compared with the results of a child mental health questionnaire completed by parents. Accuracy and predictors of GP recognition were examined. RESULTS Seventy-four per cent of children meeting criteria for caseness were not recognised by GPs as having a mental health disorder. The expression of parental concern in the consultation about a mental health problem increased the sensitivity of recognition from 26% to 88%. Expression of concern also increased GP recognition of non-cases; this reflected GP identification of other mental health and learning problems. Only a third of parents who had concerns expressed these during the consultation. CONCLUSIONS GPs are responsive to concern and take parental views into account. As well as detecting disorders, GPs are also sensitive to other psychosocial and educational problems that may present in primary care. There is a need for parental education about child mental health disorders.
Input third-degree price discrimination by congestible facilities

This paper studies third-degree price discrimination by transport facilities, such as airports and seaports, which sell access to the infrastructure as a necessary input for downstream production. These facilities are prone to congestion –which makes downstream markets interrelated– and their ownership structure is diverse, varying from public (domestic welfare maximizing) to private (profit maximizing). We show that input price discrimination by a private supplier can increase aggregate output and increase welfare in a setting where, in absence of congestion, output does not change and welfare is reduced when price discrimination is allowed. Therefore, the presence of negative consumption externalities enlarges the extent to which input price discrimination is desirable. We also analyze the effects of price discrimination by a public facility and describe the conditions under which banning input price discrimination is efficient for both types of ownership forms. We argue that there is a limited scope for this to occur, which suggests that the current practice of enforcing a broad ban on input price discrimination that covers congestible facilities with different ownership forms may have to be revised.
Abnormal Segregation in Hereditary Renal Disease with Deafness.

IN SOME FAMILIES renal disease with deafness appears to constitute an inherited syndrome. One of us (Glover) has discovered, in the region served by the University of Virginia Hospital, a large kindred with the disorder. Consideration of this kindred together with another reported by a group of workers in Utah reveals some very strange segregation ratios and suggests the occurrence of a genetic phenomenon not hitherto reported in man. Review of the Literature: Families with hereditary nephritis have been known since the last century. The early literature is reviewed by Eason, Smith, and Buchanan (1924) and by Mitchell (1930). Alport (1927) pointed out that the kidney disorder tended to be associated with deafness. This was nerve deafness in his opinion. Since that time the following authors have reported families with renal disease and deafness: Stephens, Perkoff, Dolowitz, and Tyler (1951); Poli (1953, 1955); Reyersbach and Butler (1954); Hamburger, Crosnier, Lissac, and Naffah (1956); Sturtz and Burke (1956, 1958); Sohar (1956); Goldbloom, Fraser, Waugh, Aronovitch, and Wiglesworth (1957); Perkoff, Nugent, Dolowitz, Stephens, Carnes, and Tyler (1958). It is difficult to say whether one or several diseases are described in these studies, but all of the kindreds do appear to have the following features in common, although not in every individual: 1) Red and white blood cells and granular casts in the urine. 2) Intermittent gross hematuria. 3) Progressive deafness. 4) Renal insufficiency, especially in the males who often die before maturity. The few pathological and biopsy specimens studied have not so far helped markedly to define the disease or explain its basic mechanism. The difficulty of this approach is discussed by Perkoff et al. (1958). They suggest the designation "hereditary chronic nephritis" for cases that some of the same authors had earlier called by the more knowledgeable sounding "hereditary interstitial pyelonephritis". A great variety of names has been employed by others. It might be well to avoid confusion by referring to the condition as "Alport's syndrome". This would honor the man whose acute observation did most to delimit the disease, and do away
Tussive effect of a fentanyl bolus administered through a central venous catheter

One hundred and ten male patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting were allocated randomly into one of three groups. Patients in group A received fentanyl 7 μg/kg via a central venous catheter, those in group B were given fentanyl 7 μg/kg through a peripheral venous cannula, and patients in group C received sterile water via a central venous catheter. In group A, 45.9% of patients coughed after injection of fentanyl; the mean onset time from the end of fentanyl administration to the beginning of coughing was 10.6 seconds. Only one patient in group B and no patient in the control group exhibited a cough response (p < 0.0001). We hypothesise that fentanyl can evoke the pulmonary chemoreflex.
Effects of Pedal Type and Pull-Up Action during Cycling

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different shoe-pedal interfaces and of an active pulling-up action during the upstroke phase on the pedalling technique. Eight elite cyclists (C) and seven non-cyclists (NC) performed three different bouts at 90 rev . min (-1) and 60 % of their maximal aerobic power. They pedalled with single pedals (PED), with clipless pedals (CLIP) and with a pedal force feedback (CLIPFBACK) where subjects were asked to pull up on the pedal during the upstroke. There was no significant difference for pedalling effectiveness, net mechanical efficiency (NE) and muscular activity between PED and CLIP. When compared to CLIP, CLIPFBACK resulted in a significant increase in pedalling effectiveness during upstroke (86 % for C and 57 % NC, respectively), as well as higher biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle activity (p < 0.001). However, NE was significantly reduced (p < 0.008) with 9 % and 3.3 % reduction for C and NC, respectively. Consequently, shoe-pedal interface (PED vs. CLIP) did not significantly influence cycling technique during submaximal exercise. However, an active pulling-up action on the pedal during upstroke increased the pedalling effectiveness, while reducing net mechanical efficiency.
New Estimates of Undocumented Mexican Migration and the Probability of Apprehension*

Using a new source of data, we estimate the probability of apprehension among Mexican migrants attempting to cross into the United States without documents. Over the period 1965-1989 we found an average apprehension probability of . 35, confirming earlier estimates. We then applied annual probabilities to estimate the gross volume of undocumented Mexican migration and adjusted these figures to derive estimates of the net undocumented inflow.
Noncavernous arteriovenous shunts mimicking carotid cavernous fistulae.

PURPOSE The classic symptoms and signs of carotid cavernous sinus fistula or cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) consist of eye redness, exophthalmos, and gaze abnormality. The angiography findings typically consist of arteriovenous shunt at cavernous sinus with ophthalmic venous drainage with or without cortical venous reflux. In rare circumstances, the shunts are localized outside the cavernous sinus, but mimic symptoms and radiography of the cavernous shunt. We would like to present the other locations of the arteriovenous shunt, which mimic the clinical presentation of carotid cavernous fistulae, and analyze venous drainages. METHODS We retrospectively examined the records of 350 patients who were given provisional diagnoses of carotid cavernous sinus fistulae or cavernous sinus dural AVF in the division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok between 2008 and 2014. Any patient with cavernous arteriovenous shunt was excluded. RESULTS Of those 350 patients, 10 patients (2.85%) were identified as having noncavernous sinus AVF. The angiographic diagnoses consisted of three anterior condylar (hypoglossal) dural AVF, two traumatic middle meningeal AVF, one lesser sphenoid wing dural AVF, one vertebro-vertebral fistula (VVF), one intraorbital AVF, one direct dural artery to cortical vein dural AVF, and one transverse-sigmoid dural AVF. Six cases (60%) were found to have venous efferent obstruction. CONCLUSION Arteriovenous shunts mimicking the cavernous AVF are rare, with a prevalence of only 2.85% in this series. The clinical presentation mainly depends on venous outflow. The venous outlet of the arteriovenous shunts is influenced by venous afferent-efferent patterns according to the venous anatomy of the central nervous system and the skull base, as well as by architectural disturbance, specifically, obstruction of the venous outflow.
Opportunistic relay selection and outage performance analysis for 60GHz wireless system

In this paper, we investigates idle user as a potential relay node to improve performance of system in 60 GHz millimeter wave wireless communication. We analyze the performance of the relay assist dual-hop transmission, and derive a closed form outage probability (OP) solutions. To minimize the OP for relay position selection, we formulate the objective task as a minimization problem. This position is a function of the transmit power, path loss and height of the access point (AP), and it can be obtained numerically. In addition, we compare the performance for different transmission schemes, including optimal user relay node (URN) assisted transmission, dual-hop transmission assisted by a fixed relay node (FRN), and the single-hop direct transmission. The simulation results have demonstrated that the optimal relay position selection transmission can provide significant higher throughput than FRN assisted transmission as well as direct transmission, therefore it is very promising for the future 60 GHz wireless systems.
Factors Influencing Parents' Preferences and Parents' Perceptions of Child Preferences of Picturebooks

This study examined factors influencing parents' preferences and their perceptions of their children's preferences for picturebooks. First, a content analysis was conducted on a set of picturebooks (N = 87) drawn from the sample described in Wagner (2013); Then, parents (N = 149) rated the books and several content properties were examined for their ability to predict parents' preferences and their perception of their children's preferences. The initial content analysis found correlated clusters of disparate measures of complexity (linguistic, cognitive, narrative) and identified a distinctive sub-genre of modern books featuring female protagonists. The experimental preference analysis found that parents' own preferences were most influenced by the books' age and status; parents' perceptions of their children's preferences were influenced by gender, with parents perceiving their sons (but not daughters) as dis-preferring books with female protagnoists. In addition, influences of the child's reading ability and the linguistic complexity of the book on preferences suggested a sensitivity to the cultural practice of joint book-reading.
Is Fraud Contagious? Coworker Influence on Misconduct by Financial Advisors

Using a novel data set of U.S. financial advisors that includes individuals' employment histories and misconduct records, we show that coworkers influence an individual's propensity to commit financial misconduct. We identify coworkers' effect on misconduct using changes in coworkers caused by mergers of financial advisory firms. The tests include merger‐firm fixed effects to exploit the variation in changes to coworkers across branches of the same firm. The probability of an advisor committing misconduct increases if his new coworkers, encountered in the merger, have a history of misconduct. This effect is stronger between demographically similar coworkers.
The 1930s Nutrition Controversy

The study of nutrition, or metabolism as it was more commonly called, until almost 1900 was limited to energy requirements with an emphasis solely on carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Quantity of food was seen as all-important; with the exception of gross starvation and obvious cases of food poisoning, disease and ill-health were not considered to have any connection with food. But, with the discovery of vitamins, amino acids and mineral elements, analysis of food became more sophisticated and quality was recognized as being as important as quantity. Animal experiments showed that diseases such as rickets, beriberi and scurvy were caused by faulty diet and, more importantly, there was a gradual realization that a vast amount of ill-defined disease and poor health, as well as low resistance to infection, could be identified with latent malnutrition.
A sequential Bayesian approach for hydrologic model selection and prediction

When a single model is used for hydrologic prediction, it must be capable of estimating system behavior accurately at all times. Multiple‐model approaches integrate several model behaviors and, when effective, they can provide better estimates than that of any single model alone. This paper discusses a sequential model fusion strategy that uses the Bayes rule. This approach calculates each model's transient posterior distribution at each time when a new observation is available and merges all model estimates on the basis of each model's posterior probability. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of this approach through case studies that fuse three hydrologic models, auto regressive with exogenous inputs, Sacramento soil moisture accounting, and artificial neural network models, to predict daily watershed streamflow.