Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Pollutants in the Urban Environment and Implications for Public Health: A Case Study

This study investigated the management of biomedical pollutants in the Accra Metropolitan Area in Ghana, using a qualitative case study approach involving interviews, focus-group discussions, and observation techniques. A state of precariousness was found to characterize the management of biomedical pollutants in the study area, culminating in the magnification of risks to the environment and public health. There is neither a single sanitary landfill nor a properly functioning incineration system in the entire metropolis, and most of the healthcare facilities surveyed lack access to suitable treatment technologies. As a result, crude burning and indiscriminate dumping of infectious and toxic biomedical residues were found to be widespread. The crude burning of toxic biomedical pollutants was found to provide environmental pathways for carcinogenic substances. These include polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydrogen, lead, mercury, cadmium, chlorobenzenes, particulate matter, and chlorophenols. The improper disposal of biomedical pollutants in open dumps and unsanitary landfills also carries a risk of providing environmental entry points for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), inorganic macrocomponents, heavy metals, and xenobiotic organic compounds.
Minimally invasive tension band wiring for displaced transverse patellar fractures

Background Patellar fractures account for ∼1% of all fractures. Most are transverse fractures involving the middle third of the patella in patients aged 20–50 years, and affect almost twice as many men as women. Patients and methods Percutaneous tension band wiring of 18 fresh transverse fractures of the patella with displacement of more than 3 mm in 18 patients was performed as a prospective study. The mean age was 40 years (range: 27–60 years). Results The average follow-up period was 30 months (range: 24–36 months). Radiological evidence of union was apparent in all cases at 8 weeks after surgery, with no hardware migration in 17 cases. Skin problems including superficial abrasions and contusions were encountered in 10 patients, which healed with local care, within the immobilization period. One osteoporotic female patient aged 60 years had proximal migration of one Kirschner wire, which necessitated replacement of the Kirschner wire with a thicker one 3 weeks postoperatively. Two cases had mild postoperative articular step-off but without patellofemoral arthritic changes on radiographs. Two patients encountered hardware irritation of the skin over the knee necessitating implant removal after the fractures were healed. Discussion and conclusion Percutaneous tension band wiring technique has many advantages, including minimal dissection of the soft tissues, good cosmesis, early rehabilitation, and shorter hospital stay.
Ethnic Differences Influencing the Impact of Childhood Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Low Income Families

ETHNIC DIFFERENCES INFLUENCING THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN LOW INCOME FAMILIES. Sadiqa A.I. Edmonds-Myles (Sponsored by Margaret Grey, Dean, Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT; Sponsored by William Tamborlane, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT) Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although these advances have increased the proportion of young patients who are able to achieve strict metabolic control, there continues to be a disparity in the HbA1c levels of the African American and Hispanic American youth relative to Caucasian American youth, and in children of lower socioeconomic status (SES) relative to children of higher SES. Few studies have explored the underlying factors associated with this disparity and even fewer have analyzed how people of different ethnic backgrounds within lower socioeconomic groups deal with the diagnosis and its demands differently, particularly in the post-DCCT era of intensive diabetes management. To enhance understanding of these factors, a qualitative study was carried out to describe factors which influence the impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus in people of different ethnic backgrounds within lower income socioeconomic groups. Seven patients of African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian heritage respectively who are treated by the diabetes treatment team at the Yale Pediatric Diabetes Program were recruited to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore each family’s perception of challenges in caring for their child and maintaining control of their child’s diabetes, parent-child relationships around management of diabetes, and responsibilities of parents with children who have been diagnosed with diabetes. We also
The Effects of Bupivacaine on Postoperative Back Pain After Lumbar Laminectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy experience severe pain in the postoperative period, which may increase the incidence of postoperative morbidity and complications. This study determined the effect of bupivacaine on postoperative back pain after lumbar laminectomy. Sixty consecutive patients who underwent posterior approach laminectomy were randomly allocated to control and study groups. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam, fentanyl, and morphine. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by Atra, and patients’ lungs were ventilated with a mixture of 66% nitrous oxide and 0.5% to 1% halothane in oxygen. Anesthesia was continued with panthotal. Before wound closure in the study group, the surgeon injected 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine in paravertebral muscle and 30 mL of normal saline at the same site in the control group. Pain was assessed at rest on a linear visual analog scale at 6 and 12 hours after surgery. Also, the size of incision was recorded in all patients. No difference was noticed for pain intensity scores in different age groups. Level of education did not influence the pain tolerance and there was no relation between increases in size of incision and pain intensity. In the study group, after 6 and 12 hours postoperatively, female patients had more visual analog scale values than male patients, which was more significant statistically after 6 hours postoperatively when compared with 12 hours postoperatively. Regarding education and pain perception, there was no significant correlation. There was no statistical difference for age between groups. As injection of bupivacaine in paravertebral muscles did not diminish the postoperative back pain experienced by the patients and no difference was noticed in pain intensity scores between groups, our findings denote to ineffectiveness of local bupivacaine in postoperative back pain.
The effect of sildenafil citrate and kraussianone-2 on pre-eclampsia-like manifestations in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sildenafil citrate on various fetal and physiological parameters, including fetal mortality, number of pups, placental weights and microalbuminuria in pregnant, L-NAME treated Sprague–Dawley rats. Study design: Twenty-four pregnant female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8). In the L-NAME treated group (PRE), L-NAME (0.3 g/l, drinking water) was used to induce pre-eclampsia-like symptoms on day 1 of the experiment. The experimental group (SCT) also received L-NAME (0.3 g/l, drinking water) on day 1 of the experiment. However, sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg, s.c., daily) was administered as the test compound from day 7 until day 19. The experimental control (CON) did not receive either L-NAME or sildenafil citrate. L-NAME administration was discontinued in both the PRE and the SCT groups on day 19 of the experiment and the animals were given access to normal drinking water ad libitum. All the animals were sacrificed on day 20, at which time a laparotomy was performed and the various fetal parameters measured. On day 0 and day 20, blood pressure measurements were recorded non-invasively and protein estimations in 24 h urine samples were conducted. Results: Sildenafil citrate decreased fetal mortality and protein excretion and further demonstrated a trend toward increasing birth and placental weights in pregnant, L-NAME treated, Sprague–Dawley rats. In addition, sildenafil citrate administration ameliorated the amplification of the L-NAME induced hypertension in the SCT group. Conclusion: We speculate that sildenafil citrate by potentiating the effects of nitric oxide in vivo improves uterine artery blood flow resulting in improved fetal outcomes in pregnant, L-NAME treated, Sprague–Dawley rats. 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Perawat Tentang Pemberian Obat Terhadap Tindakan Pendokumentasian Keperawatan

This research aims to determine the relationship of the level of knowledge and attitude of nurses on drug giving in nursing documentation . The design of this research was" descriptive correlative " with “cross-sectional " approach . This research was conducted in medical surgical room Eka Hospital Pekanbaru . Total sample was 58 people’s which taken using purposive sampling technique with attention to inclusion criteria . Measuring instruments used in this research is a questionnaire and observation sheet to measure knowledge , attitudes and actions. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate chi square test . The results showed the correlation between knowledge and attitudes about drug giving in nursing documentation ( p - value < 0.05 ). Nurses are expected to do drug giving in nursing documentation b medication according to Potter Perry’s standard (2010) is name of patien , name of drug, dose, time, and documentation, so there is no mistake in the act of drug giving. Keywords : Knowledge , attitudes , actions , documentation
Adaptive Treatment Strategies in Practice: Planning Trials and Analyzing Data for Personalized Medicine

Personalized medicine is a medical paradigm that emphasizes systematic use of individual patient information to optimize that patient's health care, particularly in managing chronic conditions and treating cancer. In the statistical literature, sequential decision making is known as an adaptive treatment strategy (ATS) or a dynamic treatment regime (DTR). The field of DTRs emerges at the interface of statistics, machine learning, and biomedical science to provide a data-driven framework for precision medicine. The authors provide a learning-by-seeing approach to the development of ATSs, aimed at a broad audience of health researchers. All estimation procedures used are described in sufficient heuristic and technical detail so that less quantitative readers can understand the broad principles underlying the approaches. At the same time, more quantitative readers can implement these practices. Adaptive Treatment Strategies in Practice: Planning Trials and Analyzing Data for Personalized Medicine provides the most up-to-date summary of the current state of the statistical research in personalized medicine; contains chapters by leaders in the area from both the statistics and computer sciences fields; and also contains a range of practical advice, introductory and expository materials, and case studies. The authors multidisciplinary approach unifies the subject for practicing statisticians, medical and public health researchers, and computer scientists interested in medical applications. Graduate students in all these fields will find both theory and practice in the book, including real-world case studies.
Effectiveness of “Health Promotion Evaluation” workshop using Kirkpatrick Model

Introduction: Training evaluation is an integral part of the education systems which helps managers making better decisions about curriculums. This study aims to investigate effectiveness of a workshop on evaluating health promotion programs which was held for health staffs of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Method: In this quasi experimental study a workshop on Evaluating Health Promotion Programs was evaluated based on Kirkpatrick's model. Data were collected through a self administered researcher designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods using SPSS V.19. Results: Mean satisfaction of teaching method and workshop conditions were 38.97±7.89 and 45.67±5.62 respectively. Increasing knowledge had positive correlation with participants' satisfaction of teaching method (r=0.684, P=0.007). Participants' evaluation score about attending in the workshop (18.47±2.67) were positively correlated to workshop Environmental and Managerial conditions (r=0.545, P=0.019). 89.5 % of participants reported that they are willing to evaluate their health promotion programs in the future. Discussion: For such workshops, teachers' selection teaching methods and workshop conditions should be considered. When using Kirkpatrick model, not only the descriptive results should be reported, but also it is important to report other analytical findings in order to achieve better results.
Speaker-independent large vocabulary word recognition using an LVQ/HMM hybrid algorithm

An LVQ-HMM (learning vector quantization/hidden Markov model) hybrid algorithm was evaluated. For this evaluation, large vocabulary (5240 word) Japanese word recognition and Japanese phrase recognition were examined. Experiments in both a speaker-dependent and a speaker-independent mode were conducted. Comparison with conventional HMMs showed that LVQ-HMM improved recognition rates for words and phrases as well as for phonemes. In the speaker-dependent mode, LVQ-HMM yielded clear increases in word/phrase recognition accuracy; improvements in the recognition rates ranged between 0.8% and 4.3%. In the speaker-independent mode, however, increases in the word/phrase accuracy were small, but the results suggested some points for further study, e.g., an increase of 8% in recognition rate was achieved for one of the unknown (test) speakers, and LVQ-HMM seemed particularly effective in improving the performance for the test speakers on which conventional HMMs performed poorly. <<ETX>>
Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing

A detergent composition mainly for automatic laundering machines which comprises, on the basis of 100 parts by weight of total composition, at least 60 parts of soap and no more than 10 parts of a mixture of surfactants comprising 10 to 30% of at least one non-ionic polyoxyalkylated surfactant and 90 to 70% of an anionic surfactant selected essentially from alpha -sulfonated fatty acids derivatives, the remainder of the composition comprising at least one ingredient selected from alkaline detergent additives, bleaching agents, optical brighteners, fragrances, antiredeposition agents and enzymes. The non-ionic surfactants are preferably fatty acid amides derived from tallow, copra or palm-oil condensed with polyoxyethylene residues. The anionic surfactants are preferably alpha -sulfonated fatty esters or amides derived from tallow, copra or palm-oil. The proper combination of said non-ionic and anionic surfactants with soaps impart to the laundering compositions an excellent detergent ability and foam control even in very soft waters and non-polluting properties.
The evaluation of idiopathic osteosclerosis on panoramic radiographs with an investigation of lesion's relationship with mandibular canal by using cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomography images

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) in a Turkish population on orthopantomographs with respect to age, sex, and lesion characteristics and investigate the lesion's relationship with mandibular canal with the aid of cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: 8000 panoramic radiographs taken with two digital orthopantomograph devices over a 10-month period were evaluated. Each patient was assigned an identification number, and demographic information (age, sex), absence/presence of a lesion, and if present, lesion characteristics (localization, dental relationship, size, and shape) were recorded. Additionally, cross-sectional CBCT images of 30 patients with IO were examined in terms of relationship with mandibular canal. Results: 273 IO lesions were detected in 225 patients (130 females, 95 males; mean age: 33.1 years). The majority of lesions were observed in the mandibular premolar and molar areas. IO lesions occurred more frequently among middle-aged individuals and at higher rates among females (3.1%, n = 130) than males (2.8%, n = 95); however, differences by age and sex were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Cross-sectional images revealed that 80% of the lesions were in contact with mandibular canal. None of the lesions showed any cortical expansion. Conclusions: This large-scale study found IO to have a low prevalence rate among a Turkish population. IO was observed to occur more frequently in females than in males and to be most common among individuals aged 20-29. CBCT results suggested a possible association between IO lesions and mandibular canal.
Functional Outcome of Total Knee Replacement in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective : To evaluate the functional outcome of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Data was analyzed from Pakistan National Joint Registry (PNJR) from April 2014 to April 2015 to assess functional outcome of all patients who underwent TKA by a single surgeon and had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis using Knee Society Scores (KSS) preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months, 6 month and 1 year. Result: Out of 39 patients 31 were female and 8 were male with mean age of 55.58±8.35 and mean Body Mass Index of 29.21±4.80. Within 39 patients, 22 patients had left sided TKA and 17 patients had right sided TKA. The mean average of Knee and Function score was 95.38±1.23 and 94.17±9.87 respectively after 1 year follow up. Average knee range of motion had increased from 98.52±2.46 degrees preoperatively to 109.37±3.61 degrees postoperatively. Conclusion : Total knee arthoplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a good surgical option with about 71.8 percent of people having excellent functional outcome according to knee society scoring system.
Estilos e dimensões da liderança: iniciativa e investigação no cotidiano do trabalho de enfermagem hospitalar

Considerando que as dimensoes de lideranca dos enfermeiros condiciona seu estilo gerencial, delimitou-se como problema: quais sao os estilos dominante e subdominante de lideranca do enfermeiro no exercicio de atividades gerenciais segundo sua autopercepcao? Tem-se como objetivo identificar o estilo Grid adotado por enfermeiros, segundo as dimensoes de lideranca, iniciativa e investigacao, no cotidiano do trabalho de enfermagem hospitalar. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva-quantitativa, realizada em hospital do Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados 66 enfermeiros de junho a julho de 2007. Constatou-se na dimensao iniciativa como estilos: 5.5 dominante e 9.9 subdominante. Na dimensao investigacao, o estilo 9.9 e dominante e o 1.1, subdominante. Conclui-se que o estilo 1.1, como subdominante do enfermeiro, revela que os sujeitos tendem a se acomodar. Portanto, idealizam um estilo de lideranca 5.5 (Homem Organizacional) compativel com as necessidades da equipe de enfermagem e com os objetivos da instituicao hospitalar.
Child protection Australia 2002-03

This report provides comprehensive information on child protection services provided by state and territory community service departments. It contains data for 2002-03, as well as trend data on child protection notifications, investigations and substantiations, children on care and protection orders and children in out-of-home care. Detailed information on the characteristics of children in the child protection system is presented, specifically data on their age, sex and Indigenous status. In addition, for child protection substantiations, data on the family type, the relationship of the person believed responsible and the source of notification are also included. For children on care and protection orders there are data on types of orders and living arrangements, and for children in out-of-home care there are data on types of placements and length of time in out-of-home care.
Health and Nutritional Status of Elderly Food Stamp Participants

Abstract This study compared the demographic characteristics and health status of low-income elderly who participated in the food stamp program. Using NHANES III data, we found that food stamp participants had lower incomes, larger household sizes, a higher number of prescription medications, an increased incidence of poor dentition, and an increased perception of overall health as poor. Food stamps participants had higher protein and folate intake and better Healthy Eating Index scores for fats, but other measures of nutrient intake were not influenced by food stamp participation. Participation in the food stamp program did not ensure improved health and nutritional status. Nutrition education should enhance ability to make healthier food choices on a limited budget.
Comparing of Frequent Central Venous Catheter Insertion and Selection Procedure and its Complications

Background: Central venous catheterization is used for several goals in the emergency department. Common sites of insertion of centralvenouslinesaretherightandleftjugularveinsaswellastherightandleftsubclavianveins. Theaimof thisstudywastoeval-uate the tendency frequency of emergency medicine residents to choose central venous line insertion route and also to determine the post-procedure complications. Methods: Inthisdescriptivecross-sectionalstudy,allpatientswhounderwentcentralvenouscatheterizationandwereintheemer-gency ward of the Imam Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran during March 21, 2015 to September 23, 2015 were included, preferences route of insertion and complications of both right and left jugular and subclavian veins were descriptively analyzed. Results: Of allthe134evaluatedpatients,54.5% werecatheterizedincourseof shock. 88.1% of patientsunderwentrightjugularvein catheterization and only 4.5% experienced post-procedure complications. In 91.8% of cases, the decision-making was done by the physician and 75.4% of the catheterizations were fulﬁlled by second-year emergency medicine residents. Conclusions: Themostcommonrouteof catheterizationwasthroughtherightjugularvein. Additionally,themostcommoncom-plication was hematoma of the insertion site. In most of the cases, decision making was made by the physician and most of the catheterization procedures were fulﬁlled by second-year emergency medicine residents.