Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid identification in Nothofagus subgenus using high resolution melting with ITS and trnL approach

The genus Nothofagus is the main component of southern South American temperate forests. The 40 Nothofagus species, evergreen and deciduous, and some natural hybrids are spread among Central and Southern Chile, Argentina, New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua and Nothofagus dombeyi are potentially very important timber producers due to their high wood quality and relative fast growth; however, indiscriminate logging has degraded vast areas the Chilean forest causing a serious state of deterioration of their genetic resource. The South of Chile has a large area covered by secondary forests of Nothofagus dombeyi. These forests have a high diversity of species, large amount of biomass and high silvicultural potential. This work shows a case of hybrid identification in Nothofagus subgenus in different secondary forests of Chile, using high resolution melting. Unknown samples of Nothofagus subgenus are genetically distinguishable with the ITS region of Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus nitida and N. obliqua species. It was not possible to distinguish between unknown samples of Andean versus coastal origin. Melting curves with ITS approach of unknown material are genetically similar, positioned between N. dombeyi and N. antarctica and distant from N. nitida. The unknown samples are genetically very close to Nothofagus dombeyi. This suggests the presence of hybrid individuality between species (N. dombeyi × N. antarctica) with the possibility of introgression towards the gene pool of N. antarctica, producing the deciduous foliage that is both present. The trnL locus has no distinction between the N. dombeyi and N. antarctica species, since a similar melting curve is present and equal Tm (80.00 °C). The trnL locus cannot be genetically distinguished from one unknown sample of Nothofagus to another, as highlighted in this study.
Serum S-100 Protein, Relationship to Clinical Outcome in Acute Stroke

The clinical significance of serum S-100 protein, a protein released by damaged brain tissue, was assessed in patients with acute ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and matched controls. Serum S-100 protein concentration was significantly elevated in patients with ischaemic stroke [median (SQR): 0·27 (0·09)μg/L, n = 68] and haemorrhagic stroke [0·43 (0·23)μg/L, n=13] compared to controls [0·11 (0·03)μg/L, n = 51, P<0·0001]. Although patients with haemorrhagic stroke had higher serum S-100 concentrations compared to patients with ischaemic stroke, this was not quite statistically significant. Serum S-100 concentrations were related to infarct size, large (total anterior circulation) infarcts concentrations having the highest [0·40 (0·22) μg/L], and small vessel (‘lacunar’) infarcts concentrations having the lowest [0·20 (0·06)μg/L, P<0·0005] concentrations. S-100 protein concentration was also significantly related to clinical outcome at three months measured using three disability and handicap scales (n = 81): modified Barthel index (r s=–0·285, P = 0·01), modified Rankin score (r s = 0·313, P = 0·004) and Lindley score (r s = 0·262, P = 0·018) with high values associated with poor clinical outcome. Similarly high values of serum S-100 protein were observed in patients who died or were discharged to an institution [median (SQR): 0·63 (0·29)μg/L and 0·37 (0·13)μg/L, respectively] compared to those who were discharged home [0·26 (0·11)μg/L, P = 0·13]. The present study suggests measurement of serum S-100 protein could be a useful prognostic marker of clinical outcome in acute stroke. Whether S-100 concentrations can be altered by therapeutic intervention in acute stroke remains to be elucidated. Indexing terms: acute stroke/serum S-100/Barthel index/Rankin scale.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Galaxies During Reionization: Measuring C iii] in a Galaxy at z = 7.5

We present Keck/MOSFIRE H-band spectroscopy targeting C iii] λ1907, 1909 in a z = 7.5056 galaxy previously identified via Lyα emission. We detect strong line emission at with a line flux of (2.63 ± 0.52) × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2. We tentatively identify this line as [C iii] λ1907, but we are unable to detect C iii] λ1909 owing to sky emission at the expected location. This gives a galaxy systemic redshift, , with a velocity offset to Lyα of = 88 ± 27 km s−1. The ratio of combined C iii]/Lyα is 0.30–0.45, one of the highest values measured for any z > 2 galaxy. We do not detect Si iii] λλ1883, 1892, and place an upper limit on Si iii]/C iii] < 0.35 (2σ). Comparing our results to photoionization models, the C iii] equivalent width (WC iii] = 16.23 ± 2.32 Å), low Si iii]/C iii] ratio, and high implied [O iii] equivalent width (from the Spitzer/IRAC [3.6]–[4.5] ≃ 0.8 mag color) require subsolar metallicities (Z ≃ 0.1–0.2 Z⊙) and a high ionization parameter, log U ≳ −1.5. These results favor models that produce higher ionization, such as the bpass models for the photospheres of high-mass stars, and that include both binary stellar populations and/or an IMF that extends to 300 M⊙. The combined C iii] equivalent width and [3.6]–[4.5] color are more consistent with ionization from young stars than active galactic nuclei (AGNs); however, we cannot rule out ionization from a combination of an AGN and young stars. We make predictions for James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopy using these different models, which will ultimately test the nature of the ionizing radiation in this source.
Stellar Winds As a Mechanism to Tilt the Spin Axes of Sun-like Stars

The rotation axis of the Sun is misaligned from the mean angular momentum plane of the solar system by about 6°. This obliquity significantly exceeds the ∼1°–2° distribution of inclinations among the planetary orbits and therefore requires a physical explanation. In concert, Sun-like stars are known to spin down by an order of magnitude throughout their lifetimes. This spindown is driven by the stellar wind, which carries angular momentum from the star. If the mean angular momentum axis of the stellar wind deviates from that of the stellar spin axis, it will lead to a component of the spindown torque that acts to tilt the star. Here, we show that solar-like tilts of 6° naturally arise during the first 10–100 Myr after planet formation as a result of stellar winds that deviate by about 10° from the star’s spin axis. These results apply to the idealized case of a dipole field, mildly inclined to the spin axis. Time-variability in the misalignment between the magnetic and spin poles is modeled as stochastic fluctuations, autocorrelated over timescales comparable to the primordial spindown time of several million years. In addition to wind direction, time-variability in mass-loss rate and magnetic topology over the stellar lifetime may alternatively generate obliquity. We hypothesize that the gaseous environments of young, open clusters may provide forcing over sufficient timescales to tilt the astrospheres of young stars, exciting modest obliquities. The more extreme, retrograde stellar obliquities of extrasolar planetary systems likely arise through separate mechanisms.
Dissipation assisted Thouless pumping in the Rice–Mele model

We investigate the effect of dissipation from a thermal environment on topological pumping in the periodically-driven Rice–Mele model. We report that dissipation can improve the robustness of pumping quantisation in a regime of finite driving frequencies. Specifically, in this regime, low-temperature dissipative dynamics can lead to a pumped charge that is much closer to the Thouless quantised value, compared to a coherent evolution. We understand this effect in the Floquet framework: dissipation increases the population of a Floquet band which shows a topological winding, where pumping is essentially quantised. This finding is a step towards understanding a potentially very useful resource to exploit in experiments, where dissipation effects are unavoidable. We consider small couplings with the environment and we use a Bloch–Redfield quantum master equation approach for our numerics: comparing these results with an exact MPS numerical treatment we find that the quantum master equation works very well also at low temperature, a quite remarkable fact.
Morphological diversity of spiral galaxies originating in the cold gas inflow from cosmic webs

Spiral galaxies comprise three major structural components; thin discs, thick discs, and central bulges. Relative dominance of these components is known to correlate with the total mass of the galaxy, and produces a remarkable morphological variety of spiral galaxies. Although there are many formation scenarios regarding individual components, no unified theory exists which explains this systematic variation. The cold-flow hypothesis predicts that galaxies grow by accretion of cold gas from cosmic webs (cold accretion) when their mass is below a certain threshold, whereas in the high-mass regime the gas that entered the dark matter halo is first heated by shock waves to high temperatures and then accretes to the forming galaxy as it cools emitting radiation (cooling flow). This hypothesis also predicts that massive galaxies at high redshifts have a hybrid accretion structure in which filaments of cold inflowing gas penetrate surrounding hot gas. In the case of Milky Way, the previous study suggested that the cold accretion created its thick disc in early times and the cooling flow formed the thin disc in later epochs. Here we report that extending this idea to galaxies with various masses and associating the hybrid accretion with the formation of bulges reproduces the observed mass-dependent structures of spiral galaxies: namely, more massive galaxies have lower thick disc mass fractions and higher bulge mass fractions. The proposed scenario predicts that thick discs are older in age and poorer in iron than thin discs, the trend observed in the Milky Way (MW) and other spiral galaxies.
Water permeability/impermeability in seeds of 15 species of Caragana (Fabaceae)

Majority legumes in the temperate and arctic zones have water-impermeable seeds (physical dormancy, PY). However, various authors have reported that seeds of some Caragana species are water-permeable and thus non-dormant. We (1) tested seeds of 15 species of Caragana matured in the same site in 2014, 2016 and/or 2017 for presence of PY, (2) determined if dry storage decreased or increased the percentage of seeds with PY and (3) located the site on the seed coat of 11 species where water enters the seed. Sixty-three percent and 45% of the seeds of C. roborovskyi had PY in 2016 and 2017, respectively, but only 0–14% of the seeds of the other 14 species had PY. The palisade layer in the seed coat of water impermeable seeds had no cracks in it, whereas cracks were present in the palisade layer of water-permeable seeds. Year of collection and dry storage had significant effects on imbibition of two species (C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi). In two (C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi) of the 11 species tested, the hilum was the site of water entry into seeds (control seeds, not any dormant broken treatments), but for the other nine species tested water entered through all parts of the seed coat.
A clinician-friendly version of the interpersonal circumplex: structural analysis of social behavior (SASB).

Like the original Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC), the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model was developed in the clinic. Different from and more complicated than the IPC, the SASB model nonetheless is parsimonious. It is consistent with Leary's (1957) original goal of bringing objectivity and clarity to the diagnostic process while acknowledging the complexity and variety of human nature. SASB applications extend from diagnosis into the domains of etiology and treatment. Specific advantages that accrue from the SASB model's more complex structure and assessment techniques include the ability to: (a) define both hostile and friendly differentiation, (b) specifically link social learning experiences with self-concept, (c) define several predictive principles on an a priori basis and confirm them in a variety of data sets, (d) assess personality at all 5 of Leary's levels, (e) define normality and pathology in qualitative rather than quantitative terms, (f) compare and contrast self-ratings with observer ratings using the same metric, (g) generate reasonable parallel models for affect and cognitive style that can help account for "comorbidity" between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Axes I and II, (h) make contributions to understanding personality as a hypothetical construct (i.e., to make testable predictions about etiology and specific treatment interventions), (i) dissect complex communications into their underlying components, and (j) accurately characterize a given relationship through a relatively brief sample of behavior.
Recombinant ADAMTS13 reduces tissue plasminogen activator‐induced hemorrhage after stroke in mice

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is approved for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, but it increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Accumulating evidence suggests that von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a pivotal role in thrombus formation and microcirculatory disturbances after ischemic stroke. By cleaving VWF, ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) protects mice from stroke. Therefore, we hypothesized that recombinant ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13) could increase the safety of tPA thrombolysis in stroke.
Lightweight Semantic based Approach to Assess Readability of Web Service Interfaces

A Web Service has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Service providers expose their services by publishing their WSDL documents. Service consumers can learn about service capabilities and how to interact with services. Service descriptions (WSDL documents) should be ideally understood easily by service stakeholders so that the process of consuming services is simplified. In this work we present a practical metric to quantify readability in WSDL documents. We adapted and extended an existing ontology-based semantic readability metric to focus on WSDL documents by using WordNet as a lightweight concept hierarchy. We have validated our approach by performing both qualitative and quantitative experiments. The first one consists of a controlled survey with a group of service consumers. The results showed that consumers (software engineers) required less time and effort to analyze WSDL documents with higher readability values. The second experiment compares our approach with two ontology-based approaches. The third experiment compares the readability values of a dataset of real-life service descriptions before and after rewriting them. The results showed the effectiveness of our approach to assess readability of Web Services interfaces.
Trends in System Aspects of Database Management

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A Sporadic Third Layer in the Ionosphere of Mars

The daytime martian ionosphere has been observed as a two-layer structure with electron densities that peak at altitudes between about 110 and 130 kilometers. The Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science Experiment on the European Mars Express spacecraft observed, in 10 out of 120 electron density profiles, a third ionospheric layer at altitude ranges of 65 to 110 kilometers, where electron densities, on average, peaked at 0.8 × 1010 per cubic meter. Such a layer has been predicted to be permanent and continuous. Its origin has been attributed to ablation of meteors and charge exchange of magnesium and iron. Our observations imply that this layer is present sporadically and locally.
Therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory drugs in focal stroke

The importance of cytokines, especially TNF-α and IL-1β, are emphasised in the propagation and maintenance of the brain inflammatory response to injury. Much data supports the case that ischaemia and trauma elicit an inflammatory response in the injured brain. This inflammatory response consists of mediators (cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules) followed by cells (neutrophils early after the onset of brain injury and then a later monocyte infiltration). De novo upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules occurs soon after focal ischaemia and trauma, as well as at the time when the tissue injury is evolving. The significance of this brain inflammatory response and its contribution to brain injury is now becoming more understood. In this review, we discuss the role of TNF-α and IL-1β in traumatic and ischaemic brain injury and associated inflammation and the co-operative actions of chemokines and adhesion molecules in this process. We also address novel approaches to target cytokines and reduce the brain inflammatory response and thus brain injury, in stroke and neurotrauma. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38, has been linked to inflammatory cytokine production and cell death following cellular stress. Stroke-induced p38 enzyme activation in the brain has been demonstrated and treatment with a second generation p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB-239063, provides a significant reduction in infarct size, neurological deficits and inflammatory cytokine expression produced by focal stroke. SB-239063 can also provide direct protection of cultured brain tissue to in vitro ischaemia. This robust SB-239063-induced neuroprotection emphasises a significant opportunity for targeting MAPK pathways in ischaemic stroke injury and also suggests that p38 inhibition should be evaluated for protective effects in other experimental models of nervous system injury and neurodegeneration.
Study of tongue-palate pressure patterns during the hold phase in the production of French denti-alveolar and velar stops

ABSTRACT The hold phase of the stop consonants is crucial for a successful production of the release and the acoustic burst. Concurrently, it is also associated with weak acoustic energy and minimal movement, so that conventional acoustic and kinematic approaches are not relevant to investigate motor control. This paper presents an innovative experimental method to study speech motor control during this phase, based on meticulous measurement of the time variation of the mechanical pressure exerted by the tongue against the palate and also characterizing tongue–palate interaction. The concept is based on using miniature transducers with enhanced response characteristics inserted in different locations of the complete denture of edentulous subjects without perturbing the articulation. The study was done with a French-speaking adult whose maxillary denture was duplicated and mounted with six strain gauge transducers. The experiment was done with denti-alveolar and velar stop consonants with two vowel contexts. The results illustrate the potential of such device to analyse speech motor control when contact constrains tongue movements.
Uncovering neurodevelopmental features in bipolar affective disorder

Summary Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are genetically related and their clinical features overlap. Schizophrenia is conceptualised as a neurodevelopmental disorder but the evidence for bipolar disorder is less clear. Cluster-analytic approaches reveal different cognitive profiles within bipolar disorder, possibly reflective of differing neurodevelopmental loads, which are also suggested by recent genetic and neuroimaging studies. Such studies suggest the potential utility of further clinical subcategories in bipolar disorder based on neurodevelopmental load. Declaration of interest None.
Are There Valid Subtypes of Schizophrenia? A Grade of Membership Analysis

Background/Aims: Cluster analysis has had limited success in establishing whether there are subtypes of schizophrenia. Grade of membership (GoM) analysis is a multivariate statistical technique which has advantages when, as in schizophrenia, individuals conforming to pure types are uncommon and mixed forms are frequent. Methods: GoM analysis was applied to 118 chronic schizophrenic patients. The patients were of all clinical subtypes, including 13 with simple schizophrenia. Both current and ‘lifetime’ symptoms were assessed, and two different rating systems were used. Results: Specifying 3 pure types resulted in robust findings across analyses. One pure type corresponded to paranoid schizophrenia, one to simple schizophrenia and the third combined elements of hebephrenic and catatonic schizophrenia. Specifying 4 pure types split the original 3 pure types in ways which were not clinically intuitive. Conclusion: GoM analysis divides schizophrenia into subtypes along conventional lines, with the proviso that hebephrenic and catatonic schizophrenic patients are not separable, at least in the chronic stage of the illness.
Upregulation of the Neuron-Specific K+/Cl− Cotransporter Expression by Transcription Factor Early Growth Response 4

The expression of the neuron-specific K+/Cl− cotransporter (KCC2) is restricted to the CNS and is strongly upregulated during neuronal maturation, yielding a low intracellular chloride concentration that is required for fast synaptic inhibition in adult neurons. To elucidate the mechanisms of KCC2 gene regulation, we analyzed the KCC2 (alias Slc12a5) promoter and proximal intron-1 regions and revealed 10 candidate transcription factor binding sites that are highly conserved in mammalian KCC2 genes. Here we focus on one of these factors, early growth response 4 (Egr4), which shows a similar developmental upregulation in CNS neurons as KCC2. KCC2 luciferase reporter constructs containing the Egr4 site (Egr4KCC2) were strongly induced by Egr4 overexpression in neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells and in cultured neurons. Egr4-mediated induction was decreased significantly by point-mutating the Egr4KCC2. Insertion of Egr4KCC2 into the KCC2 basal promoter in the endogenous reverse, but not in the opposite, orientation reestablished Egr4-mediated induction. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed specific Egr4 binding to Egr4KCC2. Interference RNA-mediated knock-down of Egr4 and a dominant-negative isoform of Egr4 significantly inhibited KCC2 reporter induction and endogenous KCC2 expression in cultured neurons. Together, the results indicate an important role for Egr4 in the developmental upregulation of KCC2 gene expression.