Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employee involvement and participation: developing the concept of institutional embeddedness using WERS2004

It is widely accepted that employee involvement and participation (EIP) is a key component of the high commitment bundle of HRM, but that it can take a range of forms in practice. Much of the analysis to date has either treated different forms of EIP as a single construct or has measured EIP by virtue of its presence or absence alone. Drawing on earlier work based on the data from WERS1998 examining the link between various forms of EIP and employee outcomes such as job satisfaction and organisational commitment, the authors re-apply and extend these ideas to data from WERS2004. In particular they develop the concept of institutional embeddedness, in order argue that both the depth and breadth of EIP have important associations with commitment though not with satisfaction. This association held for workplaces employing 25 or more workers, and here it was apparent that the more that employees are involved at workplace level – through a wider number of EIP practices that are held more frequently and include opportunities for workers to have their say – the more likely it is that investments in EIP will reap the reward of organisational commitment. For smaller establishments, given that they tend to operate with relatively few formal schemes, it is likely that managers in these workplaces find alternative ways in which to engage the workforce, and that informal EIP offer similar levels of embeddedness in these situations. A clear implication to be drawn from the findings is that, in a context of lower levels of formality within organisations (large and small), line managers are more than ever the key link between HR policy and the embodiment of actual practice at the workplace.
Direct Spectrophotometric Analysis of Cr(VI) Using a Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a notorious ground water contaminant toxic to humans and animals. Assessment of an exposure risk for aquatic receptors necessitates frequent Cr(VI) concentration data from a range of surface and groundwater locations at Cr(VI) contamination sites. In this work, we demonstrate that enhanced ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) offers an easy-to-use and economical methodology for the determination of chromate anion CrO42− in Hanford natural waters without chemical pretreatment and generation of hazardous waste. Direct determination of CrO42− in actual surface and ground water samples with the complexities of competing ions, dissolved organics, and other potential interfering agents was achieved by measuring the chromate optical absorbance at 372 nm. For a 100 cm path length LWCC, the detection limit for chromate was found to be as low as 0.073 ppb. A quantitative relationship between the intensity of the absorbance signal and water pH allowed for the straightforward calculation of total Cr(VI) content in natural water. The described method is applicable for in-field monitoring of Cr(VI) in environmental water samples at trace levels.
Pay Peanuts and Get Monkeys? Evidence from Academia

Abstract In most countries, academic pay is independent of discipline, thus ignoring differences in labor market opportunities. Using some unique data from a comprehensive research assessment exercise undertaken in one such country -- New Zealand -- this paper examines the impact of discipline-independent pay on research quality. I find that the greater the difference between the value of a discipline's outside opportunities and its New Zealand academic salary, the weaker its research performance in New Zealand universities. The latter apparently get what they pay for: disciplines in which opportunity cost is highest relative to the fixed compensation are least able to recruit high-quality researchers. Paying peanuts attracts mainly monkeys.
Oxytocin: its role in benign prostatic hyperplasia via the ERK pathway.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate oxytocin and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and study the cell signalling mechanism. Investigation was performed in patients about the correlation between oxytocin level and BPH. Mice were injected with oxytocin or oxytocin antagonist for 2 weeks and the prostate morphology was studied after their sacrifice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the oxytocin effect through the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway. Oxytocin was significantly elevated in the serum and prostate tissue of patients with BPH, and a positive correlation with prostate volume indicated. In the animal experiments, prostate enlargement was observed in the oxytocin-treated group, whereas oxytocin antagonist reduced prostate hyperplasia. The in vitro study confirmed this result and also revealed activation of the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway. Oxytocin is highly expressed in the serum and prostate tissue of patients with BPH. In addition, oxytocin aggravates BPH and the oxytocin-induced proliferative effect on prostatic cells is mediated through the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway, at least partly. Thus, the hypothalamic regulation may be involved in development of BPH, which may open a new door to more medications for BPH in the future.
Solving the Ecological Problems of Capitalism: Capitalist and Socialist Possibilities

In this article, the author identifies three ecological problems of capitalism—growth, technology, and consumption—that must be solved to develop a sustainable society. Consistent with previous work, especially in the Marxist ecology tradition, the author argues that overcoming the growth problem requires an alternative to capitalism. This is necessary, though not sufficient: ecological sustainability also depends on overcoming the problems of technology and consumption, which requires an ongoing reform but of a sort only minimally attainable under capitalism. Yet, as the historical record demonstrates, there are no guarantees that socialist alternatives to capitalism will be ecologically sustainable. For socialism to be ecologically sustainable, it must (a) represent a revolutionary break from capitalist approaches toward growth and (b) involve the ongoing reform of technology and consumption, beyond what is possible in capitalism. Examples from the Soviet Union and Cuba illustrate the argument.
Factors affecting accuracy of cost estimation of building contracts in the Gaza Strip

Estimating is a fundamental part of the construction industry. The success or failure of a project is dependent on the accuracy of several estimates through‐out the course of the project. Construction estimating is the compilation and analysis of many items that influence and contribute to the cost of a project. Estimating which is done before the physical performance of the work requires a detailed study and careful analysis of the bidding documents, in order to achieve the most accurate estimate possible of the probable cost consistent with the bidding time available and the accuracy and completeness of the information submitted. Overestimated or underestimated cost has the potential to cause loss to local contracting companies. The objective of this paper is to identify the essential factors and their relative importance that affect accuracy of cost estimation of building contracts in the Gaza strip. The results of analyzing fifty one factors considered in a questionnaire survey concluded that the main factors are: location of the project, segmentation of the Gaza strip and limitation of movements between areas, political situation, and financial status of the owner.
Social Economics: Market Behavior in a Social Environment

Acknowledgments Part I The Effect of Social Capital on Market Behavior 1. The Importance of Social Interactions 2. Social Forces, Preferences, and Complementarity 3. Are Choices "Rational" When Social Capital Is Important? Part II The Formation of Social Capital 4. Sorting by Marriage 5. Segregation and Integration in Neighborhoods 6. The Social Market for the Great Masters and Other Collectibles with William Landes 7. Social Markets and the Escalation of Quality: The World of Veblen Revisited with Edward Glaeser 8. Status and Inequality with Ivan Werning Part III Fads, Fashions, and Norms 9. Fads and Fashion 10. The Formation of Norms and Values References Author Index Subject Index
Partisan Heterogeneity and International Cooperation

This article analyzes the relationship between partisan heterogeneity and cooperation in international organizations. We argue that partisan heterogeneity increases distributional conflict among states during intergovernmental negotiations, thereby increasing the costs of cooperation. This decreases governments’ willingness to contribute to cooperative efforts. We test the theory against data on governments’ financial contributions to the European Development Fund. The empirical analyses robustly demonstrate that partisan heterogeneity reduces governments’ incentives to contribute to European cooperation on international development. On a more general level, we offer new perspective on the role of domestic politics in international cooperation.
Empirical Testing of Convergence Hypothesis of International Tourism Sector

The importance of the tourism sector has been increasing over the last 20 years across the world, since it makes a contribution, enabling developing countries converge developed countries economically. The aim of this study is to analyze whether or not there is any convergence between top ten countries, listed by World Tourism Organization, which have the largest volume of visitor arrivals, Turkey being one of these countries. To test the convergence hypothesis, the authors of the current research have generated a 15-year panel data set to apply panel unit root analysis for the period of 1995 through 2009. The results show that the convergence is justified regarding a joint unit root process. For the individual unit root process, however, it is justified only among France, Germany, China, Turkey, Malaysia, and Mexico. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ss. 79.1. 4070
Incentives to Work: Replacement Ratios and the Cost of Job Loss among Indigenous Australians

The relationship between the social welfare system and employment incentives has received considerable attention in the literature. This paper uses data from the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey to consider these issues for indigenous Australians. Two measures are calculated, the replacement ratio which measures the expected gains from employment for those not in work and the cost of job loss which measures the expected costs of becoming unemployed for those in employment.
Enhancing Creativity in Groups -- Proposition of an Integrated Framework for Designing Group Creativity Support Systems

In organizations, creative work is predominantly approached in groups. They develop new services or products like advertising campaigns or movie scripts. Group creativity support systems (GCSS) can have a positive impact on the creative performance of these groups. However, current literature on GCSS design requires system designers to consider a magnitude of aspects when constructing systems that support the creative group process. In a literature review we identify recurring topics in design recommendations, drawing both on design-oriented and experimental research, and develop an integrated set of design principles. We apply these design principles to generic GCSS components, resulting in an integrated GCSS framework, which provides guidance in system implementation. Future research directions that could complement the field are indicated.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nonprofit Fundraising

In this article, I apply and discuss two alterative approaches for evaluating nonprofit fundraising practices. First, I introduce simple financial ratios, using a sample of New York state social welfare nonprofits. Then, I construct Adjusted Performance Measures, which attempt to neutralize the uncontrollable outside forces that nonprofits face in their fundraising. I compare the two types of measures statistically, and examine their respective strengths and weaknesses.
A novel HSP90 chaperone complex regulates intracellular vesicle transport

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is considered a specialized molecular chaperone that controls the folding of cell-regulatory proteins such as steroid receptors and kinases. However, its high abundance is suggestive of a more general function in other fundamental processes. Here, we show that HSP90 is required for vesicular protein transport in the cell. We have identified a novel chaperone complex comprising HSP90 and TPR1 that is recruited to the membrane protein VAP-33. Depletion of the TPR1 protein in mammalian cells inhibits transport of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) and leads to accumulation of this cargo protein in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, trafficking of VSVG between Golgi stacks is dependent on the ATPase function of HSP90 and can be inhibited by drugs specific for HSP90. Our results identify a new role for HSP90 in protein sorting, pointing to a central role for this molecular chaperone in the cell.
Loan loss provisions during the financial crisis in Ukraine

This article investigates the determinants of impaired loans in the Ukrainian banking sector using bank balance sheet data at the micro level. The case of Ukraine is exceptionally interesting because the particularly severe contagion from the global financial crisis turned into a prolonged economic crisis resulting in large loan loss provisions. It seems, however, that both macroeconomic and bank-specific variables have an effect on loan quality as the banks have not been uniformly affected by the crisis. It seems that banks that do not specialise in loans were particularly affected with deteriorating asset quality. The authors’ estimation results are based on dynamic panel regression methods on a unique dataset of Ukrainian banks with quarterly frequency from 2005 to 2013 to avoid problems associated with using samples from the BankScope database.
JMJD5 Functions in concert with TOC1 in the arabidopsis circadian system

The circadian clock modulates the expression of approximately one-third of Arabidopsis genes and as such plays a central role in the regulation of plant metabolism and responses to the environment. We have recently identified a novel component of the Arabidopsis circadian clock, JMJD5, based on its coexpression with TOC1, an evening-phased component of the molecular oscillator. We now examine the genetic interaction between TOC1 and JMJD5 in greater detail and demonstrate that toc1 is not epistatic to jmjd5, suggesting that these two proteins act in closely linked but parallel genetic pathways. The human homolog of JMJD5, KDM8, has been shown to have histone demethylation activity and is able to partially rescue the plant jmjd5 circadian phenotype. The potential role of JMJD5 as a histone demethylase within the circadian clock is discussed.
Life Cycle Assessment of Frozen Tilapia Fillets From Indonesian Lake‐Based and Pond‐Based Intensive Aquaculture Systems

We used life cycle assessment to evaluate a subset of the cradle‐to‐destination‐port environmental impacts associated with the production, processing, and transportation of frozen, packaged Indonesian tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets to ports in Chicago and Rotterdam. Specifically, we evaluated the cumulative energy use; biotic resource use; and global warming, acidifying, and eutrophying emissions at each life cycle stage and in aggregate. We identify the importance of least environmental cost feed sourcing for reducing supply chain environmental impacts. We also highlight the need for more effective nutrient cycling in intensive aquaculture. The environmental trade‐offs inherent in substituting technological inputs for ecosystem services in intensive pond‐based versus lake‐based production systems are discussed. We further call for more nuanced considerations of comparative environmental advantage in the production and interregional trade of food commodities than has been characteristic of historic food miles discussions. Significant opportunities exist for improving environmental performance in tilapia aquaculture. This product compares favorably, however, with several other fishery, aquaculture, and animal husbandry products, according to the suite of impact categories considered in this study.
Neighborhood Networks, Social Capital, and Political Participation: The Relationships Revisited

ABSTRACT: This article explores the relationship between informal networks of interaction and trust among neighbors and political engagement by neighborhood residents. The United States lacks mass-based political organizations that directly represent the interests of poor and working class citizens. Therefore, geographically based neighborhood associations are one of the few mechanisms available to represent these interests. The segregation of urban neighborhoods by class and race presents many disadvantages for lower income residents, but geographical concentration can have the advantage of facilitating organized political action. Because neighborhood organizations are such an important mechanism by which disadvantaged urban populations assert their needs and perspectives, it is critical to understand which characteristics of residents encourage the formation of such organizations and enable them to be effective in influencing public policies. What kinds of networks and relationships exist among residents of lower income neighborhoods that might encourage them to organize for political action?
Physician response to fee changes: using inheritance as a quasi-natural experiment

We used data on inheritance received by Norwegian primary care physicians and their spouses to study how wealth affects the amount of medical treatment provided by fee-for-service physicians. The effect of wealth on the number of consultations, and the amount of treatment provided during consultations, was small. Our results suggest that the income effect of fee changes on service provision of fee-for-service physicians is moderate, implying that fee regulation is an effective means of controlling spending on primary care physician services.
Analysis of mannans of two relatively avirulent mutant strains of Candida albicans

We previously reported the isolation of two cerulenin-resistant mutant strains of Candida albicans 4918 that differ in adherence properties and are less virulent than the parental strain. In addition, biochemical characterization demonstrated significant differences in both protein and polysaccharide composition of cell wall material between the mutant and wild-type strains. These observations prompted studies concerning the chemical structure of mannans in these strains. After extraction and subsequent purification by ion-exchange chromatography, mannan fractions were subjected to either mild acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, or acetylation followed by acetolysis. Acid- and alkali-modified mannans were studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and released products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography on an Aminex HPX-42A column. The results demonstrated quantitative and qualitative differences between mannooligosaccharides of the wild-type and mutant strains in the identity of released oligosaccharides as well as in linkage of the oligosaccharides to the protein backbone.
An Equilibrium Model of Waiting Times for Elective Surgery in NSW Public Hospitals

This article studies the effects of waiting times on the demand and supply of elective surgery in NSW public hospitals. The demand and supply equations are estimated at the level of postal code areas using data on public hospital elective surgery admissions in 2004–2005, postal code area characteristics and area‐level provisions of public and private hospital capacities. Empirical results imply that demand for elective surgery is affected negatively, and supply positively, by waiting time. The estimated elasticity of demand with respect to waiting time is higher in NSW than estimates reported in studies based on data from the UK National Health Service.
Oral hygiene and dental caries in 5- to 6-year-old children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between oral hygiene and dental caries in young children in the Emirate of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. METHODS A one-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select children. Clinical examinations were conducted by a single examiner. Parents completed questionnaires seeking information on child and family characteristics, dietary habits and oral hygiene practices. RESULTS The total number of children sampled was 1297. Dental examination and questionnaire data were obtained for 1036 (79.9%). Frequency of eating per day and snack consumption level were both significantly associated with plaque score. Children who brushed their teeth more often had lower plaque scores. The observed association between mean plaque score and mean decayed, missing, filled teeth suggests that children with high plaque scores are more likely to experience caries. CONCLUSIONS Brushing with fluoride toothpaste was under-utilized in Ajman. Tooth brushing therefore needs better promotion and reinforcement.
The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Audit Fees: Theory and Evidence

ABSTRACT: This study examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on audit fees. We first build an analytical audit fee model to analyze the impact on audit fees for the change in both audit complexity and financial reporting quality brought about by IFRS adoption. We then test the model's predictions using audit fee data from European Union countries that mandated IFRS adoption in 2005. We find that mandatory IFRS adoption has led to an increase in audit fees. We also find that the IFRS-related audit fee premium increases with the increase in audit complexity brought about by IFRS adoption, and decreases with the improvement in financial reporting quality arising from IFRS adoption. Finally, we find some evidence that the IFRS-related audit fee premium is lower in countries with stronger legal regimes. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity checks. Data availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Resolution of chromosomes III and VI of Aspergillus nidulans by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis shows that the penicillin biosynthetic pathway genes pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE are clustered on chromosome VI (3.0 megabases)

An improved electrophoretic molecular karyotype of Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 28901 has been obtained by contour-clamped electric field gel electrophoresis, which separates seven chromosomal bands and allows resolution of chromosomes III and VI. The three genes of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway, pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE, encoding alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase, isopenicillin N synthase, and isopenicillin N acyltransferase, respectively, are clustered together on a chromosome of 3.0 Mg, corresponding to linkage group VI, whereas the argB gene was located on a chromosome of 3.4 Mb, corresponding to linkage group III. Three other strains of A. nidulans contained a modified chromosome III of about 3.1 Mb that overlaps with chromosome VI, forming a doublet. Resolution of chromosomes III and VI in strain ATCC 28901 allowed unequivocal mapping of the penicillin gene cluster on chromosome VI of A. nidulans.
Estimating Time‐Varying Bargaining Power: A Fishery Application

We propose an unobserved‐components‐inspired approach to estimate time‐varying bargaining power in bilateral bargaining frameworks. We apply the technique to an ex‐vessel fish market that changed management systems from a regulated open‐access system to an individual fishing quota (IFQ) system over the timespan analyzed. We find that post‐IFQ implementation fishers do improve their bargaining power and thus accrue more of the rents generated by the fishery. However, unlike previous studies, we find that fishers do not move to a point of complete rent extraction. Rather, fishers and processors appear to be in a near‐symmetric bargaining situation post‐IFQ implementation.