Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essence and an Approach to Identify the Hazardous Locations of Urban Arterial Link Based on BP Artificial Neural Network

The advantages and limitations of each kind of generalize methodologies to identify the hazardous locations were analyzed and evaluated, and the essence to identify the hazardous locations was discussed in detail through the analysis of a practical instance. Furthermore, a model to identify the hazardous locations of urban arterial link based on BP artificial neural network was established. The model involves in seven factors affecting the accidents greatly, and it can identify the prone sections that cannot be identified by other generalize models. Lastly, the weights and biases of the BP network were demarcated according to the data of 13764 accidents occurred on 430 arterial links from 1999 to 2004 and the data of exposures. Hazardous locations among the 430 links were identified by probability method of accident frequency, matrix method, quality control method as well as the BP network method just established, and the comparison between the results of different method was performed.
Scope alternation and type logical grammar.

This thesis provides an analysis of QNP scope which naturally explains the characteristic tensed-clause locality constraint. Linguistically, I argue that QNP scope is not explained by A-bar movement or A-movement. A-bar movement is different from QNP scope in terms of the locality constraints and A-movement is not flexible enough to explain scope ambiguity. Instead of reducing QNP scope to A-bar or A-movement phenomena, I argue that scope ambiguity is a result of an independent operation that allows us to merge QNPs as syntactic arguments of the local functors even though they are semantically operators. To instantiate this idea, I reformulate Hendriks' argument raising as a special rule (called Argument Slot Raising or ASR) in a non-associative grammar NL. ASR only affects the local functor of the QNP in question. Thus, the QNP's scope is predicted to stay within the final output of this functor. For control/auxiliary/raising constructions, I extend NL by introducing an association rule that is restricted by a pair of merge modes in Moortgat's (1997) Multi-Modal grammar. This structural rule may postpone the saturation of NP argument slots, allowing a complex predicate to be formed. Application of ASR to such complex predicates may switch QNP scope within each finite TP. Structural rules for A-bar movement are introduced in terms of introduction and discharge of modally marked hypothetical categories, which explains the longer distance nature of A-bar extraction in comparison to QNP scope. Finally, I explain the apparent 'exceptional scope' of indefinites in terms of their domain restriction and anaphoric dependency on other operators. This maintains the uniform locality of QNP scope. The underlying claim is that the QNP scope switch mechanism itself does not involve structural ambiguity. The thesis considers the implications for natural language grammar of implementing this idea.
Human Resources, Scientists, and Internal Reputation: The Role of Climate and Job Satisfaction

This paper identifies the factors which determine the human resources reputation of firms involved in R&D. Reputation in this context refers to the extent to which employees regard their organization as a “good” place to work. The sample of 402 respondents was drawn from ten science-based firms. In terms of age, educational qualifications, and years of experience, the sample was representative of scientists employed in the ten organizations. Reputation is regarded as being of importance both conceptually and practically. Organizational reputation has been widely referred to in the literature, but it has not been consistently defined nor its determinants investigated systematically. Innovatory climate and job satisfaction are identified as the main determinants of reputation among R&D scientists.
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND EXEMPLAR THEORY

In the last decade or so, there has been a revived interest in studying the phonetic aspects of second language (L2) acquisition. In spite of increased research efforts, the representation and processing of L2 speech is still unclear. The aim of this session is to discuss the construction of a mental lexicon for L2 and the use of L1-specific speech processing strategies by L2 learners. A central issue is the extent to which words are stored as episodic traces or as abstract representations. This introductory paper summarises the two target papers by Cutler & Weber and Goldinger, and the views of the four commentators: Bradlow, Davidson, Maye and M c Lennan.
Assessing Reading Comprehension.

This report responds to Indiana House Act 1629 which requires the Indiana State Board of Education (ISBoE) to submit a report defining “reading comprehension” and describing how ILEARN, the statewide assessment program, measures it. The report must include a review of accommodations that are appropriate for measuring reading comprehension in the 2019 assessment program, and recommendations for the 2020 program. This report was authored by the Technical Advisory Committee for the ISBoE to address these issues. Assessment accommodations are intended to level the playing field for all students: to allow students to show what they know and can do, unhampered by the format of the assessment, the wording of the assessment questions, or the assessment administration procedures. However, it is also important to ensure any accommodations provided to a student does not change the construct of what is being assessed. Whereas the affordance of appropriate accommodations increases the validity and usefulness of a student’s test score, inappropriate accommodations or improper modifications would decrease the validity of the results and could seriously degrade the possibility of making confident conclusions about the student’s level of knowledge or skill and undermine the ability to make desired comparisons across students and schools and corporations.
Computation vs. Memory in Japanese Causative Formation: Evidence from Agrammatic Aphasics

There has been much controversy concerning the mental mechanisms involved in the processing of complex words, especially between the dual mechanism theory and the single mechanism theory over inflectional morphology. In this article we present a new set of data from Japanese causatives drawn from the experiments on aphasic patients, which show that two different types of causatives may involve two different mechanisms of rule and associative memory, thus demonstrating the validity of the dual mechanism theory over the processes of derivational morphology.
Early detection of Basal Cell Carcinoma using Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Recognition Techniques

Description Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common tumor in light-skinned humans. BCC is induced at least in part by ultraviolet irradiation and with the aging of the American population, these tumors will continue to cause significant morbidity. Due to their limited metastatic potential, BCC are usually not fatal. However, because of their propensity to invade and destroy surrounding tissues, early treatment is essential. Especially in the face, one of the common sites for this tumor, destruction of surrounding tissues such as the eye or nose is a major problem. In the face, the treatment of choice is excisional surgery. Since BCC usually invades the tissues surrounding the main tumor mass without causing clinically visible changes, determination of the margins of the tumor becomes difficult. This has led to the development of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). In this type of surgery the main tumor is removed and then the edges of the excised tissue are processed for histological examination. If the tumor can still be detected histologically at the edges of the excised tissue, more tissue is removed until the margins are " clear ". Because of the time needed to mark the excised tissue and process the frozen sections for histological examination, MMS is a time consuming and expensive procedure. The specific aim of this proposal is to combine a new imaging technology-Optical Coherence To-mography-with the proven success of pattern classification techniques and apply these to the diagnosis and early detection of BCC. OCT is a non-invasive, rapid technique for imaging slices of tissue at an unprecedented resolution of 10 micrometers or less. This allows the imaging of the fine structures of the skin necessary for determining tumor margins. Our research will develop procedures for 1) acquiring images of skin at a depth of WHATEVER [ask Zhonping] 2) Compare the images obtained by OCT at the tumor's margin with the tumor margins defined by histological assessment during MMS. 3) Evaluate the ability of pattern recognition techniques for automating the diagnosis.
Conjugate gradient algorithm for efficient training of artifi-cial neural networks

A novel approach is presented for the training of multilayer feedforward neural networks, using a conjugate gradient algorithm. The algorithm updates the unput weights to each neuron in an efficient prallel way, similar to the one used by the well known backpropagation algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is superior to that of the conventional backpropagation algorithm and is based on strong theoretical reasons supported by the numerical results of three examples.
Ranking and Prioritization for Multi-indicator Systems: Introduction to Partial Order Applications

Preface. - Why Prioritization, Why Ranking. - Partial Order and Hasse Diagrams. - Simple Combinatorial Structures. - Sensitivity and Ambiguity. - Structures of Partial Orders. - Hasse Diagrams Based on Transformed Data Matrices. - Reducing the Number of Incomparabilities. - Formal Concept Analysis. - Methods to Obtain Linear or Weak Orders by Means of Partial Order. - Comparison of Partial, Linear and Weak Orders. - Illustrative Case Studies. - Case Studies: Child Development (Sociology). - Case Study: Stream Channel Stability Infrastructure at Bridge Crossings (Engineering Sciences). - Case Study: Watersheds Analysis (Hydrology). - Case Study: Environmental Performance Index (EPI) (Human and Environmental Health). - Partial Order and Related Disciplines. - Partial Order and Software. - Ranking and Prioritization with Partial Order for Multi-Indicator Systems - An Integrative View with a Look Forward. - Appendix. - Index.
Bireylerin Bilgisayarca Düşünme Becerilerinin Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Bilgisayarca Dusunmeyi, guncel yasamda karsilasilan problemlerin cozumunde bilgisayarlari uretim araci olarak kullanabilmek icin gerekli olan bilgi, beceri ve tutumlara sahip olmak seklinde tanimlamak mumkundur. Bilgisayarca Dusunme; bir cesit problem cozme, sistemleri tasarlama ve bilgisayar biliminin temel kavramlarina dikkat cekerek insan davranislarini anlama yontemidir. Bilgisayarca Dusunme analiz, veri gosterimi ve modelleme gibi tanidik kavramlari ve bunun yani sira ikili arama, yineleme ve paralelizasyon gibi daha az bilinen dusunceleri de kapsar. Bilgisayarca Dusunme cok genis ve genel bir cerceveye sahip oldugu goz onunde bulunduruldugunda sadece bilgisayarcilar icin degil herkes icin gecerli bir temel beceridir ve yakin gelecekte herkes tarafindan kullanilan temel beceriler (okuma, yazma ve aritmetik gibi) arasinda yer alacagi dusunulmektedir. Bu cercevede bu arastirmanin amaci da bireylerin bilgisayarca dusunme beceri duzeylerinin okul turu, bolum, sinif duzeyi/mezuniyet durumu, cinsiyet ve yas degiskenlerine gore incelenme olarak belirlenmistir. Bu calisma, betimsel tarama modelindedir. Bu arastirmanin calisma grubunu 1306 birey olusturmaktadir. Arastirma kapsaminda ogrencilerin bilgisayarca dusunme becerileri “Bilgisayarca Dusunme Becerileri Olcegi” kullanilarak toplanmistir (α=0,822). Elde edilen veriler uzerinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, mod, medyan, frekans, t, Anova, LSD, ve korelasyon analizleri gerceklestirilmis, anlamlilik duzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edilmis ve su sonuclara erisilmistir: Bireylerin bilgisayarca dusunme beceri duzeyine iliskin algilarinin yarisinin yuksek, diger yarisinin ise orta duzeyde oldugu, belirlenmistir. Teknoloji Fakultesi ve Enstitude uygulanan programlarin, ogrencilerin bilgisayarca dusunme beceri duzeylerine diger birimlere gore anlamli derecede daha fazla katki saglamaktadir. Matematik, fen ve teknoloji bolumlerinde uygulanan programlarin ogrencilerin bilgisayarca dusunme beceri duzeylerine diger bolumlere gore anlamli derecede daha fazla katki sagladigi gorulmektedir.
Comment on the second reply by Higdon to the comment by Romero and Kannada on "Genetic analysis of 16th-century whale bones prompts a revision of the impact of Basque whaling on right and bowhead whales in the western North Atlantic".

The second reply by J.W. Higdon (2008. Can. J. Zool. 86: 76–79) criticizes a previously published comment by us of T. Rastogi et al.’s (2004. Can. J. Zool. 82: 1647–1654) paper saying that we presented factual errors, misused key sources, and made a number of omissions. The main objective of our original comment was to show that there had been many other peoples and nations besides the Basques who were engaged in whaling in the North Atlantic for many centuries and, therefore, the Basques could not have been solely responsible for anthropogenic impacts on the populations of large whales in that part of the world. To that end we only sampled some sources to make our point. In this rebuttal, we show that Higdon mischaracterizes our comment as a historical review and that neither he nor B.A. McLeod et al. (2006. Can. J. Zool. 84: 1066–1069) provide any evidence that challenges our fundamental conclusions. Resume : La deuxieme reponse de J.W. Higdon (2008. Can. J. Zool. 86: 76–79) critique un commentaire que nous avons publie anterieurement sur un article de T. Rastogi et al. (2004. Can. J. Zool. 82: 1647–1654) legue que nous avons presente des erreurs de fait, utilise des sources importantes a mauvais escient et fait plusieurs omissions. L’objectif principal de notre commentaire initial etait de demontrer qu’en plus des basques, il y avait eu de nombreux peuples et pays impliques dans la chasse a la baleine dans l’Atlantique Nord au cours de plusieurs siecles et qu’en consequence les basques ne pouvaient pas etre tenus les seuls responsables des impacts anthropiques sur les grandes baleines dans cette partie de la planete. A cette fin, nous n’avons echantillonne qu’une partie des sources pour appuyer notre argumentation. Dans notre refutation des arguments de Higdon, nous montrons que celui-ci a mal caracterise notre commentaire en y voyant une retrospective historique et que ni lui ni B.A. McLeod et al. (2006. Can. J. Zool. 84: 1066–1069) n’apportent de donnees qui mettent en question nos conclusions essentielles. [Traduit par la Redaction]
Signal Detection in EEG Brainwaves -a classification based approach

Supervised classification within EEG signals has previously been applied only within Brain Computer Interfaces. In this thesis, classification rates are examined for EEG data originating from the cognitive science experiment called the Standard Object Recognition Paradigm, where the activation of human memory is activated by visual stimulation. Applying methods previously used within Brain Computer Interfaces such as the Support Vector Machine and feature selection algorithms, the classification rates for the data are improved, showing that the data contains enough signal to achieve feasible classification rates. Aspects within Support Vector Machine classification and general EEG classification are discussed. By applying a kernel based visualisation method with the Support Vector Machine, it is shown that this method is capable of extracting information from EEG signals, by finding that the signal content used for the classification, is the one expected to be present from previous studies of the Standard Object Recognition Paradigm.
Caracterização do Estado da Prática das Atividades de Teste em um Cenário de Desenvolvimento de Software Brasileiro

Software testing can be applied during the software development with the purpose of improving the final product quality. However, there is a gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice regarding software testing area. There are just a few evidences concerned with effectiveness of software testing practices suggested by the technical literature in the industry. Based on this context, this paper shows the characterization of the software testing actual state for a specific software development scenario, where it has been evaluated what practices are being applied by these organizations. The results have shown the lack, limitation, and interest of these organizations in the applying of testing for their software projects. Resumo. As atividades de teste estao sempre presentes no desenvolvimento de um software com o objetivo de contribuir para a qualidade do produto final. No entanto, percebe-se a existencia de uma grande diferenca entre o estado da arte e o estado da pratica de teste de software. Existem poucas evidencias relatadas da efetividade das praticas de teste de software sugeridas pela literatura tecnica na industria. Baseado neste contexto, este artigo apresenta a caracterizacao do estado atual das praticas de teste em um cenario de desenvolvimento de software especifico, onde foram avaliadas quais praticas de teste estao sendo adotadas pelas organizacoes. Os resultados indicam carencia, limitacao e o interesse dessas organizacoes em aplicar praticas de teste de software em seus projetos. 1. Introducao
KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil Uji Kompetensi Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) yang rata-rata di bawah standar (Data LPMP 2012), dan hasil observasi awal peneliti menunjukkan bahwa mereka belum profesional dalam menyelenggarakan program BK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi profesional guru BK. Alat pengumpul data: observasi, wawancara, inventory dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) sebagian besar guru BK memiliki kompetensi profesional; (2) sebagian besar guru BK telah melakukan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan kompetensi profesional, namun masih belum ada yang melanjutkan pendidikan (S2 BK) dan belum ada yang melakukan penelitian dalam BK;(3) sebagian besar guru BK telah menyelenggarakan kegiatanBK mulai darimerancang, melaksanakan, mengevaluasi dan sebagian kecil menguasai penggunaan alat tes/instrumen dalam BK.Rekomendasi penelitian ini disampaikan kepada guru BK, kepala sekolah, pengurus MGBK-SMK, peneliti selanjutnya, dan pemerintah.
OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY ON 08 / 05 / 17 Does educational similarity drive parental support ?

This article tests competing mechanisms explaining linkages between parent-child educational similarity and parental advice and interest to adult children, asking whether mechanisms differ for mothers and fathers. Educational similarities might provide common ground whereas educational dissimilarity affects parents’ authority to dispense advice. Using ordered logistic regression with data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (N=2,444) parental advice and interest are modeled separately for mothers and fathers. Seemingly Unrelated Estimation is used to test for gender differences across models, revealing that mechanisms driving parental support differ by parents’ gender. Fathers show more interest in adult children when they are educationally similar (consistent with the homophily hypothesis), but only among the highly educated, whereas mothers show more interest to highly educated children, regardless of their own level of educational attainment. Fathers’ advice is conditioned on their own educational attainment whereas mothers give advice unconditionally (consistent with the gender hypothesis).
History of Handicraft in Pavlodar Region

In traditional Kazakh culture evolved over the centuries, reflected the socio-economic, historical, geographical conditions of life of the Kazakh ethnic group. Kazakh tradition of craftsmanship are jewelry, weaving, leather, felt, wooden products, created by prominent artists of the Pavlodar region. The nomadic way of life of Kazakh people contributed to the development of weaving and the creation of felt products are widely used in everyday life. The Kazakhs experience of different ways to melt iron, brought from outside, allowed to make various household items, tools. The development in the nineteenth century, wood crafts led to the emergence of wooden household products, home building, which helped raise the level of life of Kazakh people. Deep traditions of folk music been continued and developed in the manufacture of Kazakh musical instruments (kobyz, dombra, dauylpaz, shandauyl, sybyzgy). The variety of works of craftsmanship presented in the second half of the nineteenth century in numerous exhibitions in the central cities of Russia also proved the excellence of outstanding craftsmen of the Kazakh people.
Serving the Word: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench

Vincent Crapanzano assumes an anthropological perspective to describe literalism-a form of interpretation that uncritically reaffirms knowledge-as being unique to American culture. He takes as his project a critical ethnographic examination of systems of interpretation. drawing parallels between evangelical Fundamentalists-literalists-who hold to a literal reading of the Bible and United States jurists-originalists-who seek the original intent of the Framers of the Constitution. For Crapanzano, these seemingly divergent groups share a 'faith' in the meaning of the 'word' that results in a decontextualization of the document; the text becomes ahistorical and privileged as either the "God-breathed" or the "selfevident" truth. This book is, inactuality, two separate works brought together by the reflexive conclusion wherein we are cautioned to be wary of the tyrannical interpretive regimes that are antithetical to creative thought and a threat to true democracy.
The Age Factor and Early Language Learning

This edited volume offers readers 17 chapters on the age factor in different educational contextsacross three continents. Papers discuss curriculum and assessment, individual differences, innovation in teacher education, and the role of target language. The book documents the impressive development in research methods into early language learning and teaching. It is a valuable resource for future studies.
Knowledge-Based Analysis of Genomic Expression Data by Using Different Machine Learning Algorithms for the Purpose of Diagnostic, Prognostic or Therapeutic Application

KNOWLEDGE-BASED ANALYSIS OF GENOMIC EXPRESSION DATA BY USING DIFFERENT MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION by Venkata J. Thodima August 2008 With more and more biological information generated, the most pressing task of bioinformatics has become to analyze and interpret various types of data, including nucleotide and amino acid sequences, protein structures, gene expression profiling and so on. In this dissertation, we apply the data mining techniques of feature generation, feature selection, and feature integration with learning algorithms to tackle the problems of disease phenotype classification, clinical outcome and patient survival prediction from gene expression profiles. We analyzed the effect of batch noise in microarray data on the performance of classification. Batchmatch, a batch adjusting algorithm based on double scaling method is advantageous over Combat, another batch correcting algorithm based on the empirical bayes frame work. In order to identify genes associated with disease phenotype classification or patient survival prediction from gene expression data, we compared and analyzed the performance of five feature selection algorithms. Our observations from these studies indicated that Gainratio algorithm performs better and more consistently over the other algorithms studied.