Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Capital Disclosure

Human capital is a primary source of value in modern ﬁrms, yet little is known about what employee information ﬁrms disclose and whether it is timely and informative given the SEC’s ﬂexible disclosure rules. We examine the determinants of ﬁrms’ human capital disclosures by combining textual analysis of disclosures via natural language processing with a proprietary dataset on 45 million individual career histories. We show that human capital disclosure is greater when market demand for disclosure is likely to be higher. Contrary to proprietary costs theories of disclosure, ﬁrms in competitive environments disclose more. Human capital disclosures also respond to changes in the underlying stock and ﬂow of employees. Two SEC rule changes that encourage but do not require speciﬁc human capital information elicit greater disclosures, especially from ﬁrms that previously under-disclosed workforce information.
SARS-CoV-2: The Monster Causes COVID-19

Coronaviruses are viruses whose particles look like crowns. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the human coronavirus family to cause COVID-19 which is regarded as a once-in-a-century pandemic worldwide. It holds has the characteristics of a pandemic, which has broy -55ught many serious negative impacts to human beings. It may take time for humans to fight the pandemic. In addition to humans, SARS-CoV-2 also infects animals such as cats. This review introduces the origins, structures, pathogenic mechanisms, characteristics of transmission, detection and diagnosis, evolution and variation of SARS-CoV-2. We summarized the clinical characteristics, the strategies for treatment and prevention of COVID-19, and analyzed the problems and challenges we face.
The Brain-Computer Metaphor Debate Is Useless: A Matter of Semantics

It is commonly assumed that usage of the word “computer” in the brain sciences reflects a metaphor. However, there is no single definition of the word “computer” in use. In fact, based on the usage of the word “computer” in computer science, a computer is merely some physical machinery that can in theory compute any computable function. According to this definition the brain is literally a computer; there is no metaphor. But, this deviates from how the word “computer” is used in other academic disciplines. According to the definition used outside of computer science, “computers” are human-made devices that engage in sequential processing of inputs to produce outputs. According to this definition, brains are not computers, and arguably, computers serve as a weak metaphor for brains. Thus, we argue that the recurring brain-computer metaphor debate is actually just a semantic disagreement, because brains are either literally computers or clearly not very much like computers at all, depending on one's definitions. We propose that the best path forward is simply to put the debate to rest, and instead, have researchers be clear about which definition they are using in their work. In some circumstances, one can use the definition from computer science and simply ask, what type of computer is the brain? In other circumstances, it is important to use the other definition, and to clarify the ways in which our brains are radically different from the laptops, smartphones, and servers that surround us in modern life.
Conceptualising and measuring service culture

Service culture relies on four principles for creating value, as defined by Ostrom, Bitner, Brown, Burkhard, Goul, Smith-Daniels, Demirkan and Rabinovich (2010). This research explores these principles and thus focuses on conceptualising and measuring service culture through the development of a conceptual model. The four principles as per Ostrom et al. (2010, pg 12) are as follows: “(1) Recruiting, training and rewarding, (2) Developing a service mindset in product focused organizations, (3) Creating a learning service organization by harnessing employee and customer knowledge and, (4) Keeping a service focus as the organization grows and evolves”. The conceptual model illustrates that an organization’s service culture is at its core oriented around service transformation. Among other things, continual change creates a service mindset and enables learning, knowledge creation and sharing amongst stakeholders. Service transformation helps an organization to incorporate training, reward employees and engage in co-creation. Service transformation is also important to service culture as it continually interacts with the process of service orientation and service climate (shared stakeholder perceptions of the service processes). To keep the organization focused on service and value creation as the organization grows and evolves, the service climate and service orientation will continually impact on the encounters and their value. Besides Ostrom et al., (2010), this research has also made use of the study by Davis and Gautam (2011) to further understand the literature around service culture. This research has two studies. Study 1 is based upon the case study of Davis, Crotty and Hawkins (2010) and Davis (2013) to explore service culture (training, rewards, co-creation, climate, transformation, orientation, encounters and value) in a specific industry in Auckland, New Zealand in 2010. This initial phase of the research provides anecdotal evidence to support and elucidate the conceptual model. The discussion highlights the transformation of a
First Characterization of a Hafnia Phage Reveals Extraordinarily Large Burst Size and Unusual Plaque Polymorphism

A unique lytic phage infecting Hafnia paralvei was isolated and identified. Hafnia phage Ca belongs to the family Autographiviridae, possessing an icosahedral head with a diameter of 55 nm and a short non-contractile tail. Unusually, the burst size of Hafnia phage Ca of 10,292 ± 1,097 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/cell is much larger than other dsDNA phages reported before. Compared to the genome of the related phage, Hafnia phage Ca genome contains extra genes including DNA mimic ocr, dGTP triphosphohydrolase inhibitor, endonuclease, endonuclease VII, and HNH homing endonuclease gene. Extraordinarily, the phage developed different sizes of plaques when a single plaque was picked out and inoculated on a double-layer Luria broth agar plate with its host. Furthermore, varied packaging tightness for the tails of Hafnia phage Ca was observed (tail length: 4.35–45.92 nm). Most of the tails appeared to be like a cone with appendages, some were dot-like, bun-like, table tennis racket handle-like, and ponytail-like. Although the complete genome of Hafnia phage Ca is 40,286 bp, an incomplete genome with a deletion of a 397-bp fragment, containing one ORF predicted as HNH homing endonuclease gene (HEG), was also found by high throughput sequencing. Most of the genome of the virus particles in large plaques is complete (>98%), while most of the genome of the virus particles in small plaques is incomplete (>98%), and the abundance of both of them in medium-sized plaques is similar (complete, 40%; incomplete, 60%). In an experiment to see if the phage could be protective to brocade carps intramuscularly injected with H. paralvei LY-23 and phage Ca, the protection rate of Hafnia phage Ca to brocade carp (Cyprinus aka Koi) against H. paralvei was 33.38% (0.01 < p < 0.05). This study highlights some new insights into the peculiar biological and genomic characteristics of phage.
X‐ray fluorescence elemental mapping and microscopy to follow hepatic disposition of a Gd‐based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

1. Spatially resolved X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation is a technique that allows imaging and quantification of chemical elements in biological specimens with high sensitivity. In the present study, we applied XRF techniques at a macro and micro level to carry out drug distribution studies on ex vivo models to confirm the hepatobiliary disposition of the Gd‐based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent B22956/1.
Relationships between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Profiling, Academic Performance and Student Satisfaction in Nursing Students

The purpose of this study was an investigation of the relationship between the MyersBriggs Type Indicator personality profiling (MBTI), academic performance and student satisfaction in nursing students. The participants were 109 college students in Daejeon, Korea. All the students were administered three instruments, the MBTI, academic performance and student satisfaction scale. Descriptive statistics t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations technique were used to analyze the data with the SPSS Win 15.0 program. Judging types scored higher in academic performance than perceiving types. Extrovert types scored higher in student satisfaction than introvert types. This finding indicates that students’ academic achievement levels and student satisfaction were different according to their MBTI personality types in nursing students.
1.6-GHz low power low phase noise quadrature phase locked loop with on chip DC-DC converter for wide tuning range

This paper presents the design of a 1.6 GHz quadrature phase locked loop for GPS applications, operated with a supply voltage of 1.2 V and dissipating a current of less than 5 mA. It is capable of delivering quadrature locked signals in the range from 1.22 GHz to 1.96 GHz with a phase noise response of less than 115 dBc at an offset of 1 MHz from the carrier. The wide tuning range is obtained using an on-chip regulated DC-DC converter clocked by the reference signal, with negligible effect on phase noise and spurious level of the PLL. The design was made using the STMicroelectronics proprietary 0.13 mum HCMOS9 technology design kit.
Improved detection of clinically significant, curable prostate cancer with systematic 12-core biopsy.

PURPOSE While systematic 12-core (S12C) biopsy detects more cancers than sextant biopsy, to our knowledge the clinical significance of these additionally detected tumors has not been established. We studied pathological parameters of prostatectomy specimens from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer detected with a S12C biopsy to determine the clinical significance of these cancers in comparison with sextant detected cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 179 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer detected by S12C biopsy were studied. The groups compared consisted of the sextant core subset of the S12C and the entire S12C set. Total tumor volume, Gleason score, organ confined status, surgical margin status, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node involvement, and clinical significance of tumors detected by sextant and by S12C templates were compared. RESULTS S12C biopsy detected a greater number of cancers scored as moderate (Gleason score 2 to 6) or high (Gleason score 7 or greater) grade, and cancers of all sizes regardless of organ confined status than the sextant cores alone (all p <0.05). S12C biopsy identified a greater number of biologically significant and insignificant tumors regardless of how they were defined. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the sextant set S12C biopsy detects a significantly greater number of surgically curable, biologically significant tumors as well as those that might be considered clinically insignificant.
Saccadic Eye Movements of Dyslexic and Normal Reading Children

Twenty-four children made saccades in five noncognitive tasks. Two standard tasks required saccades to a single target presented randomly 4 deg to the right or left of a fixation point. Three other tasks required sequential saccades from the left to the right. 75 parameters of the eye-movement data were collected for each child. On the basis of their reading, writing, and other cognitive performances, twelve children were considered dyslexic and were divided into two groups (D1 and D2). Group statistical comparisons revealed significant differences between control and dyslexic subjects. In general, in the standard tasks the dyslexic subjects had poorer fixation quality, failed more often to hit the target at once, had smaller primary saccades, and had shorter reaction times to the left as compared with the control group. The control group and group D1 dyslexics showed an asymmetrical distribution of reaction times, but in opposite directions. Group D2 dyslexics made more anticipatory and express saccades, they undershot the target more often in comparison with the control group, and almost never overshot it. In the sequential tasks group D1 subjects made fewer and larger saccades in a shorter time and group D2 subjects had shorter fixation durations than the subjects of the control group.
High-resolution oligonucleotide array-CGH pinpoints genes involved in cryptic losses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Although recurrent chromosomal alterations occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), relatively few affected tumor suppressors and oncogenes have been implicated. To improve genetic characterization of CLL, we performed high-resolution gene copy number analysis of 20 CLL patients using oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The most recurrent losses were observed in 13q and 11q with variable sizes. The 11q losses varied between 7.44 Mb and 41.72 Mb in size and targeted ATM among others. Lost regions in 13q were generally smaller, spanning from 0.79 Mb to 29.33 Mb. The minimal common region (158 kb) in 13q14.3, which was also homozygously deleted in some cases, harbored five genes: TRIM13, KCNRG, DLEU2, DLEU1, and FAM10A4. Additionally, two micro-RNA genes (MIRN15A and MIRN16-1) locate to the region. New cryptic losses were detected in 1q23.2→q23.3, 3p21.31, 16pter→p13.3, 17p13.3→p13.2, 17q25.3→qter, and 22q11.22. In conclusion, our oligonucleotide aCGH study revealed novel aberrations and provided detailed genomic profiles of the altered regions.
Skills, rules and knowledge in aircraft maintenance: errors in context

Automatic or skill-based behaviour is generally considered to be less prone to error than behaviour directed by conscious control. However, researchers who have applied Rasmussen's skill-rule-knowledge human error framework to accidents and incidents have sometimes found that skill-based errors appear in significant numbers. It is proposed that this is largely a reflection of the opportunities for error which workplaces present and does not indicate that skill-based behaviour is intrinsically unreliable. In the current study, 99 errors reported by 72 aircraft mechanics were examined in the light of a task analysis based on observations of the work of 25 aircraft mechanics. The task analysis identified the opportunities for error presented at various stages of maintenance work packages and by the job as a whole. Once the frequency of each error type was normalized in terms of the opportunities for error, it became apparent that skill-based performance is more reliable than rule-based performance, which is in turn more reliable than knowledge-based performance. The results reinforce the belief that industrial safety interventions designed to reduce errors would best be directed at those aspects of jobs that involve rule- and knowledge-based performance.
Advertising, Promotion, and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications

Market-leading ADVERTISING, PROMOTION, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS, 9th Edition discusses all aspects of marketing communications, from time-honored methods to the newest developments in the field. Comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals focuses on advertising and promotion, including planning, branding, media buying, sales, public relations, and much more. Emerging topics get special attention in this edition, such as the enormous popularity of social media outlets, online and digital practices, viral communications, and personal selling, along with all of their effects on traditional marketing. Revised to make ADVERTISING, PROMOTION, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS, 9th Edition the most current I.M. C. text on the market, chapters address must-know changes to environmental, regulatory, and ethical issues, as well as Marcom insights, place-based applications, privacy, global marketing, and of course, memorable advertising campaigns.
Lymphatic transport of proteins after subcutaneous administration.

This mini-review summarizes the relevant literature regarding the lymphatic transport of proteins after subcutaneous administration. A review of the physiology of the lymphatics and inherent anatomical differences between blood and lymph capillaries is presented followed by a brief overview of the general characteristics of protein absorption and bioavailability following S.C. injection. A description of factors known to directly affect the lymphatic uptake of macromolecules follows and is supported by representative data from this laboratory. A brief perspective on the importance of lymphatic uptake and transport in understanding the biopharmaceutical properties of protein drugs and potentially targeting the lymphatics is presented.
The relative survival rate

Because of the expanding interest in cancer patient outcome studies, knowledge of the various methods to express survival is essential for analysis and for understanding the results. For this reason, we comment on one method, the relative survival rate, because it is ideally suited for large data bases, especially those with limited follow-up information. Standard methods are available to express survival, including the observed, adjusted observed, KaplanMeier, and the relative rate. ' An observed rate is based on the time from diagnosis to death regardless of the cause of death. An adjusted observed rate accounts for deaths from causes other than from cancer. The Kaplan-Meier method calculates a new rate with every cancer death; it is not based on intervals. '
Direct antisite formation in electron irradiation GaAs

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Fullerene Derivative‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanofilm as the Cathode of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Low‐Bandgap Polymer (PTB7‐Th) for High Performance

Modification of a ZnO cathode by doping it with a hydroxyl-containing derivative - giving a ZnO-C60 cathode - provides a fullerene-derivative-rich surface and enhanced electron conduction. Inverted polymer solar cells with the ZnO-C60 cathode display markedly improved power conversion efficiency compared to those with a pristine ZnO cathode, especially when the active layer includes the low-bandgap polymer PTB7-Th.
Cannabidiol restores intestinal barrier dysfunction and inhibits the apoptotic process induced by Clostridium difficile toxin A in Caco-2 cells

Background Clostridium difficile toxin A is responsible for colonic damage observed in infected patients. Drugs able to restore Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced toxicity have the potential to improve the recovery of infected patients. Cannabidiol is a non-psychotropic component of Cannabis sativa, which has been demonstrated to protect enterocytes against chemical and/or inflammatory damage and to restore intestinal mucosa integrity. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate (a) the anti-apoptotic effect and (b) the mechanisms by which cannabidiol protects mucosal integrity in Caco-2 cells exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin A. Methods Caco-2 cells were exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin A (30 ng/ml), with or without cannabidiol (10−7–10−9 M), in the presence of the specific antagonist AM251 (10−7 M). Cytotoxicity assay, transepithelial electrical resistence measurements, immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblot analysis were performed in the different experimental conditions. Results Clostridium difficile toxin A significantly decreased Caco-2 cells’ viability and reduced transepithelial electrical resistence values and RhoA guanosine triphosphate (GTP), bax, zonula occludens-1 and occludin protein expression, respectively. All these effects were significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited by cannabidiol, whose effects were completely abolished in the presence of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist, AM251. Conclusions Cannabidiol improved Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced damage in Caco-2 cells, by inhibiting the apoptotic process and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity, through the involvement of the CB1 receptor.
Cramer-Rao bound of laser Doppler anemometer

Derives the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the frequency estimation from noisy signals of laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measurement. The obtained result is different from the CRB for harmonic signals, which is widely used by most LDA engineers today. It is concluded that the CRB by the LDA burst is two to six times as large as that by harmonic signal.
AFRICA DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ADRRI) JOURNAL ADRRI JOURNAL (www.adrri.org) pISSN: 2343-6662 ISSN-L: 2343-6662 VOL. 5,No.5(2), pp 107-120, February, 2014

This study has examined the adoption of improved cassava varieties among 350 cassava farmers in the Sekyere South District of Ashanti region, Ghana. The improved cassava varieties introduced into district were Bankye Hemaa, Esam Bankye and Bankye Afisiafi. Fifteen percent of the respondents adopted at least one of the improved cassava varieties and 85 percent been non adopters. The determinants of adoption were estimated with probit model. The results of the probit model showed that extension services, credit access, education, marital status, farmer based organization, and household size have significant positive effect on the probability of farmers to adopt improved cassava varieties. The study showed that in order to enhance adoption of improved cassava varieties, extension services should be intensified, farmers should form or join groups; farmers should also register with the credit union AFRICA DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ADRRI) JOURNAL ADRRI JOURNAL (www.adrri.org) pISSN: 2343-6662 ISSN-L: 2343-6662 VOL. 5,No.5(2), pp 107-120, February, 2014 2 in the district to have access to credit. Policy makers and crop breeders should come out with varieties that best suit farmers’ objectives.
A Fast Algorithm for Optimum Height-Limited Alphabetic Binary Trees

In this paper, an $O(nL\log n)$-time algorithm is presented for construction of an optimal alphabetic binary tree with height restricted to $L$. This algorithm is an alphabetic version of the Package Merge algorithm, and yields an $O(nL\log n)$-time algorithm for the alphabetic Huffman coding problem. The Alphabetic Package Merge algorithm is quite simple to describe, but appears hard to prove correct. Garey [SIAM J. Comput. , 3 (1974), pp. 101--110] gives an $O(n^3\log n)$-time algorithm for the height-limited alphabetic binary tree problem. Itai [SIAM J. Comput. , 5 (1976), pp. 9--18] and Wessner [Inform. Process. Lett. , 4 (1976), pp.\ 90--94] independently reduce this time to $O(n^2L)$ for the alphabetic problem. In [SIAM J. Comput. , 16 (1987), pp.\ 1115--1123], a rather complex $O(n^{3/2}L\log ^{1/2}n)$-time "hybrid" algorithm is given for length-limited Huffman coding. The Package Merge algorithm, discussed in this paper, first appeared in [Tech. Report, 88-01, ICS Dept. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA], but without proof of correctness.