Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effect of Melatonin vs. Vitamin E in the Ischemic/Reperfused Skeletal Muscle in the Adult Male Rat Model

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the role vitamin E vs. melatonin in the prevention of the harmful effect of ischemia/reperfusion on the skeletal muscle of the adult male albino rat. Materials and methods: forty-four adult male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups; each group consisted of 6 rats. Group I (control group), group II (ischemic/reperfusion group): ischemia was induced by clamping the right femoral arteries for two hours then the clamps were removed for 2 hours to induce reperfusion, group III (Vit E–treated group): the rats received Vitamin E injection one hour prior to reperfusion and group VI (Melatonin-treated group): the rats received melatonin injection one hour prior to reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and samples from the right quadriceps muscles were subjected to biochemical, light and electron microscopic studies. The oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in the muscular tissue. Results: The skeletal muscle was markedly affected after induction of ischemia/reperfusion. The skeletal myocytes showed fragmentation, cytoplasmic lysis and degeneration. The nuclei were pyknotic and central. There were intercellular edema and exudation. The mitochondria were damaged and there was vascular congestion. The mean value of MDA increased, while that of the GSH decreased. The administration of vitamin E or melatonin showed marked improvement in the biochemical profile as well as the histological architecture of the skeletal muscle. However, the improvement was more obvious in the melatonin-treated group. Conclusion: The protective effect of melatonin is superior to vitamin E in the protection of the skeletal muscle against the harmful effect of I/R.
Effect of blending ginger starch (Zingiber officinale) on the dynamic rheological, pasting and textural properties of rice flour

Rice flour (RF) was blended with ginger starch (GS) (Zingiber officinale) at various concentration levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and compared with that of cassava starch (CaS). The dynamic rheological, pasting and textural property effects of these starches on RF were studied. CaS and GS and their blends with RF all exhibited a weak gel behavior as shown by their dynamic moduli (G’ and G”) values. The higher tan δ (0.45 and 0.51) values recorded by GS and CaS respectively raised the tan δ values in their blends with RF thereby reducing the elasticity of RF. The rapid visco analyzer (RVA) results revealed that, GS exhibited the appropriate characteristics for noodle processing in most of the pasting properties as compared to CaS such as; higher trough viscosity (165.05 RVU), final viscosity (241.20 RVU) and lower swelling power (13.17 g/g). CaS gets to be selected over GS for energy conservation during cooking since it recorded a lower pasting temperature of 70.90°C likewise its formulated blends with RF. Measurement of textural property demonstrated that, the hardness and chewiness of RF could be increased (101.25-293.34 g and 47.34-72.19) respectively by blending with GS. Also, the cohesiveness of RF got to be reduced (0.51-0.27) by the addition of GS. The various properties of GS and its effect on RF blends unveiled in this study makes GS fit to be considered in the modification of rice flour for noodle production. Key words: Rice flour, ginger starch, cassava starch, formulated blends, physiochemical properties.
Glutamatergic Receptors Modulate Normoxic but Not Hypoxic Ventilation and Metabolism in Naked Mole Rats

Naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals, but their physiological responses to acute and chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH), and the molecular underpinnings of these responses, are poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated the acute hypoxic ventilatory response and the occurrence of ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia following CSH exposure (8–10 days in 8% O2) of naked mole rats. We also investigated the role of excitatory glutamatergic signaling in the control of ventilation and metabolism in these conditions. Animals acclimated to normoxia (control) or CSH and then exposed to acute hypoxia (7% O2 for 1 h) exhibited elevated tidal volume (VT), but decreased breathing frequency (fR). As a result, total ventilation (V.E) remained unchanged. Conversely, VT was lower in CSH animals relative to controls, suggesting that there is ventilatory plasticity following acclimatization to chronic hypoxia. Both control and CSH-acclimated naked mole rats exhibited similar 60–65% decreases in O2 consumption rate during acute hypoxia, and as a result their air convection requirement (ACR) increased ∼2.4 to 3-fold. Glutamatergic receptor inhibition decreased fR, V.E, and the rate of O2 consumption in normoxia but did not alter these ventilatory or metabolic responses to acute hypoxia in either the control or CSH groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia is atypical in naked mole rats, and glutamatergic signaling is not involved in their hypoxic ventilatory or metabolic responses to acute or chronic hypoxia.
An empirical analysis of the influence of human capital on product innovation performance

The authors build on the resource-based view of the firm, new product development and intellectual capital perspectives to analyse the influence of human capital on product innovation performance at Portuguese innovative SMEs. By conducting a questionnaire within a network of Portuguese innovative SMEs and performing both a partial least squares and a regression analysis of the data, this study aims to clarify if human capital at the firm level influences its product innovation performance, and also if such influence is equally relevant among the distinct human capital elements that are considered for the purpose of this study. The findings indicate that human capital does have a significant and positive relationship with product innovation performance in Portuguese innovative SMEs. Moreover, the results also indicate that not all human capital elements have a significant impact on such performance. "Commitment to the product innovation process" stands out as the only human capital factor that significantly affects product innovation performance. At a time when intellectual capital and product innovation management are both considered to be major determinants of sustainable competitive advantage, and consequently critical to gain a competitive edge (and even survive) in today's unstable business environment, this study contributes to acknowledge the relevance of intellectual capital management, and human capital management in particular, to achieve better product innovation performance in innovative SMEs. Keywords Intellectual capital, Human capital, Product innovation, New product development, Portugal, innovative SMEs.
Lipschitz Generative Adversarial Nets

In this paper, we study the convergence of generative adversarial networks (GANs) from the perspective of the informativeness of the gradient of the optimal discriminative function. We show that GANs without restriction on the discriminative function space commonly suffer from the problem that the gradient produced by the discriminator is uninformative to guide the generator. By contrast, Wasserstein GAN (WGAN), where the discriminative function is restricted to 1-Lipschitz, does not suffer from such a gradient uninformativeness problem. We further show in the paper that the model with a compact dual form of Wasserstein distance, where the Lipschitz condition is relaxed, may also theoretically suffer from this issue. This implies the importance of Lipschitz condition and motivates us to study the general formulation of GANs with Lipschitz constraint, which leads to a new family of GANs that we call Lipschitz GANs (LGANs). We show that LGANs guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the optimal discriminative function as well as the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium. We prove that LGANs are generally capable of eliminating the gradient uninformativeness problem. According to our empirical analysis, LGANs are more stable and generate consistently higher quality samples compared with WGAN.
Efficient Deep Learning of GMMs

We show that a collection of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) in $R^{n}$ can be optimally classified using $O(n)$ neurons in a neural network with two hidden layers (deep neural network), whereas in contrast, a neural network with a single hidden layer (shallow neural network) would require at least $O(\exp(n))$ neurons or possibly exponentially large coefficients. Given the universality of the Gaussian distribution in the feature spaces of data, e.g., in speech, image and text, our result sheds light on the observed efficiency of deep neural networks in practical classification problems.
Availability of nutrients from an accelerated compost for maize (Zea mays) production in two soil types

ABSTRACT Accelerated composting is becoming popular globally. This has led to a commercial accelerated compost (AC); OBD-plus. This study, therefore, evaluated the availability of nutrients from this AC for maize (Zea mays) production in two common soil types; Alfisol and Ultisol. The AC at the rates of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer (NPK 15–15-15) and conventional compost (CC) at the rate of 60 kg N/ha each, were mixed with 5 kg soil (Alfisol and Ultisol) in pots, and arranged in a completely randomised design with three replications. Pots without any amendment served as control. Maize was grown at two plants/pot for six weeks, to determine the dry matter and N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium) uptake. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α0. 05. The results showed that N, P, and K uptake of maize plants increased with an increase in the rate of the accelerated compost in both soil types. The N uptake of maize treated with 60 kg N/ha AC (403 and 301 mg/plant) was comparable with 60 kg N/ha NPK (311 and 325 mg/plant) and 60 kg N/ha CC (452 and 215 mg/plant) in Alfisol and Ultisol, respectively. The AC also improved P and K uptake, however, P and K uptake values were influenced by soil types, whereby the performance was better on Alfisol than Ultisol. It could be concluded that the nutrients from OBD-plus accelerated compost evaluated were available to maize plants similar to conventional compost and mineral fertilizers, in spite of its shorter composting duration.
Spectrum and energy efficient solutions for OFDMA collaborative wireless networks

Chang, Zheng Spectrum and Energy Efficient Solutions For OFDMA Collaborative Wireless Networks Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2013, 58 p.(+included articles) (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing ISSN 1456-5390; 177) ISBN 978-951-39-5499-4 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5500-7 (PDF) Finnish summary Diss. On the way towards providing gigabytes transmission, incorporation of OFDMA and relays is foreseen to offer a promising network infrastructure. This thesis concentrates on how to improve the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency of cooperative relay-assisted OFDMA wireless networks. First, various radio resource allocation (RRA) schemes are proposed here in order to provide reliable transmissions. The goal of this research is to investigate relay selection, subcarrier allocation and power allocation in wireless relay networks with objective to maximize the system throughput. Various practical scenarios are considered including channel information imperfectness and link asymmetry. With a variety of mathematical tools, theoretical expressions for the presented algorithms and solutions are derived. Simulation results validate our expectation. Second, in order to reduce the energy consumption of networks, we make use of the concept of mobile relays in introducing the platform of collaborative mobile cloud (CMC) which is formed by a coalition of users. We examine the energy efficiency performance of CMC by using unicast and multicast as its transmission strategies. Two schemes, referred to as unicast supported multicast and multicast supported multicast are proposed to improve the energy efficiency performance of CMC.
Concatenated k-path covers

Given a graph , a k-Path Cover is defined as a subset C of the nodes V such that every simple path in G consisting of k nodes contains at least one node from C. Similarly, a k-Shortest Path Cover has to contain at least one node of every shortest path in G that consists of k nodes. In this paper, we extend the notion of k-(Shortest) Path Covers such that the objects to be covered don't have to be single paths but can be concatenations of up to p simple (or shortest) paths. For the generalized problem of computing concatenated -Shortest Path Covers, we present theoretical results regarding the VC-dimension of the concatenated path set in dependency of p in undirected as well as directed graphs. By proving a low VC-dimension in both settings, we enable the design of efficient approximation algorithms. Furthermore, we discuss how a pruning algorithm originally developed for k-Path Cover computation can be abstracted and modified in order to also solve concatenated -Path Cover problems. A crucial ingredient for the pruning algorithm to work efficiently is a path concatenation recognition algorithm. We describe general recognition algorithms for simple path concatenations as well as shortest path concatenations. Subsequently, we present more refined results for interesting special cases as piecewise shortest paths, hyperpaths, round tours, and trees. An extensive experimental study on different graph types proves the applicability and efficiency of our approaches.
INTERACTIVE SIMULATIONS IN THE TEACHING OF STATISTICS: PROMISE AND PITFALLS

Research on discovery learning and simulation training are reviewed with the focus on principles relevant to the teaching of statistics. Research indicates that even a well-designed simulation is unlikely to be an effective teaching tool unless students' interaction with it is carefully structured. Asking students to anticipate the results of a simulation before interacting with it appears to be an effective instructional technique. Examples of simulations using this technique from the project Online Statistics Education: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study (http://psych.rice.edu/online_stat/) are presented.
Disruption of the Prefrontal Cortex Improves Implicit Contextual Memory-Guided Attention: Combined Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence.

Many studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays an important role in top-down cognitive control over intentional and deliberate behavior. However, recent studies have reported that DLPFC-mediated top-down control interferes with implicit forms of learning. Here we used continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) combined with electroencephalography to investigate the causal role of DLPFC in implicit contextual memory-guided attention. We aimed to test whether transient disruption of the DLPFC would interfere with implicit learning performance and related electrical brain activity. We applied neuronavigation-guided cTBS to the DLPFC or to the vertex as a control region prior to the performance of an implicit contextual learning task. We found that cTBS applied over the DLPFC significantly improved performance during implicit contextual learning. We also noted that beta-band (13-19 Hz) oscillatory power was reduced at fronto-central channels about 140 to 370 ms after visual stimulus onset in cTBS DLPFC compared with cTBS vertex. Taken together, our results provide evidence that DLPFC-mediated top-down control interferes with contextual memory-guided attention and beta-band oscillatory activity.
Gamma Band Oscillations Reflect Sensory and Affective Dimensions of Pain

Pain is a multidimensional process, which can be modulated by emotions; however, the mechanisms underlying this modulation are unknown. We used pictures with different emotional valence (negative, positive, and neutral) as primes and applied electrical painful stimuli as targets to healthy participants. We assessed pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings and recorded electroencephalograms (EEGs). We found that pain unpleasantness and not pain intensity ratings were modulated by emotion, with increased ratings for negative and decreased ratings for positive pictures. We also found two consecutive gamma band oscillations (GBOs) related to pain processing from time frequency analyses of the EEG signals. The early GBO had a cortical distribution contralateral to the painful stimulus and its amplitude was positively correlated with intensity and unpleasantness ratings, but not with prime valence. The late GBO had a centroparietal distribution and its amplitude was larger for negative compared to neutral and positive pictures. The emotional modulation effect (negative vs. positive) of the late GBO amplitude was positively correlated with pain unpleasantness. The early GBO might reflect the overall pain perception, possibly involving the thalamocortical circuit, while the late GBO might be related to the affective dimension of pain and top-down-related processes.
Epileptic Seizures and the EEG: Measurement, Models, Detection and Prediction

EPILEPTIC SEIZURES AND THE EEG MEASUREMENT MODELS DETECTION AND PREDICTION PDF Are you looking for epileptic seizures and the eeg measurement models detection and prediction Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time epileptic seizures and the eeg measurement models detection and prediction PDF is available at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find epileptic seizures and the eeg measurement models detection and prediction PDF or just found any kind of Books for your readings everyday.
Pore Surface Functionalization of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica with Tungsten and Molybdenum Metal Centers: Perspectives on Catalytic Peroxide Activation

The pore surface of MCM-48 mesoporous silica was functionalized with tungsten and molybdenum metal centers by the anhydrous reaction of metal alkoxides with surface silanol groups. Resulting metal−oxo species were attached via covalent M−O−Si bonds as confirmed with photoacoustic (PAS)-FTIR. Diffuse reflectance UV−visible spectroscopy indicates that the metal oxo groups are predominantly comprised of tetrahedral and octahedral coordinated monomers. MCM-48 grafted with Mo and W is active for brominating phenol red with hydrogen peroxide at neutral pH in a manner similar to Ti−MCM-48, as we reported earlier. The rates of bromination for Mo, W, and four other metals, after normalization for metal concentration, measured as absorption peak intensities of the resultant bromophenol blue, are as follows: 50:46:16:2.8:1:0 W:Mo:Ti:Zr:V:Re. The different rates of reactivity, and hence the general degree of metal−peroxo activation, can be explained on the basis of size, charge, coordination sphere, and electronegat.
DAG Reliability Model and Fault-Tolerant Algorithm for Heterogeneous Distributed Systems

The performance of heterogeneous distributed systems has been improved significantly,but caused increased failures dramatically.Tolerant scheduling in heterogeneous distributed systems with DAG(Directed Acyclic Graph)task model becomes a research focus.Widely used fault-tolerant algorithms based on task replication have following problems:(1)there are some deficiencies and lack of rigorous proof on constraint between DAG task reliability requirement and DAG reliability requirement;(2)only one backup copy of each task,which not enough to cope with potential repeated failures;(3)blindly to tolerateefaults of each task withe+1backup copies,which improved the reliability of system,but caused high redundancy and resources consumption.Firstly,task dependencies of DAG are analyzed,then the DAG task reliability probability model is determined and based on this,the DAG reliability model is constructed.Secondly,lower limit of task duplication algorithm,economic task duplication strategy algorithm and greedy algorithm for task replication strategy are presented to meet the reliability target of DAG and achieve precise quantification for each task's replicas.Finally,the OPDFT(Optional Policy on DAG Fault-Tolerant)algorithm is proposed based on above 3algorithms.Experiments show that the reliability cost of economic policy and greed policy of OPDFT algorithm is about 60% and70% of blind strategy respectively.
‘Hypernudge’: Big Data as a mode of regulation by design

ABSTRACT This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as ‘Big Data’ can be understood as a mode of ‘design-based’ regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the ‘choice architect’. By relying upon the use of ‘nudge’ – a particular form of choice architecture that alters people’s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a ‘soft’ form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence ‘hypernudge’). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.
Itosides AI, New Phenolic Glycosides from Itoa orientalis

Eight new benzoylated gentisyl alcohol (=2-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,4-diol) glucosides, itosides A–H (1–8), together with the new pyrocatechol (=benzene-1,2-diol) glycoside itoside I (9) were isolated from the bark and twigs of Itoa orientalis (Flacourtiaceae). In itosides B–D (2–4), the gentisyl alcohol moiety was esterified by 1-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, while itosides E–H (5–8) contained instead an additional 2-hydroxybenzoic acid moiety. The compounds were accompanied by the known derivatives 4-hydroxytremulacin (10), poliothyrsoside (11), poliothyrsin (12), homaloside D (13), tremulacin, and pyrocatechol β-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods.
a Regulator of Procaspase-1 Activation Is Containing a Caspase Recruitment Domain Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein

Angela Stassinopoulos, Junji Sagara and John C. ReedChristian Stehlik, Sug Hyung Lee, Andrea Dorfleutner,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/171/11/6154J Immunol€2003; 171:6154-6163; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/171/11/6154.full#ref-list-1This article cites 41 articles, 20 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: