Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Study of Some Chemical Preparations for Vaginal Isolates

The aim of this study was identification of most common microorganisms of vaginitis with effect of Alum & Gentian violet on them. This study was performed between Feb. 2013 and Juan. 2014, involving 215 married women at 15-49 years who attending TTH and private clinic in Tikrit city, they were examined and taking high vaginal swab. For diagnosis, used Amsel's criteria, Gram staining of vaginal discharge, culture, biochemical tests and API system. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is most common 70(32.6%) than BV associated Gardnerella vaginalis 18(8.4%), in our distinct. Candida albicans represent 32.6%, while E. coli and S. aureus were 11.6% and 7.4% respectively. The history of abortion and PTL in those patients was at 1st and 3rd trimester of gestational age. By disc diffusion method showed resistance 100% to metronidazole. There was a significant strong correlation between Alum and Gentian violet at concentrations (1% to 4%) and the inhibition growth zone of G. vaginalis and C. albicans with statistically significant result at p-value <0.001.
Utility of Mosapride Citrate in Pediatric Functional Constipation with Low Bowel Movement Frequency

Functional constipation (FC) in children often requires medical treatment, including pharmacotherapy. Conventional laxatives such as magnesium oxide, sodium picosulfate, lactulose, and carmellose sodium have been used for many years. However, these drugs are often ineffective for patients with intractable FC, requiring continual transanal treatments such as glycerin enemas or bisacodyl suppositories.
Use of organic phosphorus by Rhizobium leguminosarum

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain TAL 1236 growing on different organic P compounds as sources of phosphate exhibited phosphatase activities. The strain was able to produce both acid and alkaline phosphatase. However, its ability to produce alkaline phosphatase was much higher. When cellular phosphate fell to 0.115% of cell protein, cellular and extracellular phosphatase activities were enhanced. Mg 2+, Co 2+, and Ca z+ stimulated the activity of alkaline phosphatase more than acid phosphatase. However, Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ activated acid phosphatase rather than alkaline phosphatase. It may be concluded that R. leguminosarum contributes significantly to the release of P from organic compounds through the action of phosphatase which can be activated by a range of cations.
The Quran and the Sword: The Strategic Game between Autocratic Power, the Military and the Clerics

This paper elucidates the willingness of an autocrat to push through institutional reforms in a context where traditional authorities represented by religious clerics are averse to them and where the military control the means of repression and can potentially make a coup. We show that although the autocrat always wants to co-opt the military, this is not necessarily true of the clerics. Empirically, the dominant regime in contemporary Muslim countries is the regime of double co-option. Exclusive co-option of the military obtains only where the autocrat's intrinsic legitimacy and the loyalty of his army are strong while the organizational strength of religious movements is rather low. Radical institutional reforms can then be implemented. Rent economies where ultra-conservative clerics are powerful enough to block any institutional reform that they dislike represent another polar case. More frequently, the autocrat resorts to a double-edged tactic: pleasing the official clerics by slowing the pace of reforms, and ensuring the loyalty of the military to be able to put down an opposition instigated by rebel clerics.
The Impact of Simulation on Teaching Effectiveness and Student Learning Performance

Simulation Strategy Is Increasingly Becoming A Popular Educational Tool In The Production Of Highly Qualified Professionals In The Field Of Education, Health, And Applied Sciences. Particularly, The Strategy Helps Improve Teaching Practice Effectiveness And Student Learning Performance. This Research Paper Aimed At Investigating The Effectiveness Of Simulation In Teaching And Student Learning Performance In The University Context. The Study Was Important Since It Highlighted How Different Kinds Of Simulation Improve Teaching Practice Effectiveness And Student Learning Performance. The Explanatory Research Design Was Used In This Research Where Data Was Collected Using Close-Ended Questionnaires Designed To Utilize Likert Scale Described In The Methodology Section. The Study Targeted 150 Student Participants. However, Only 134 Students Filled And Returned Their Questionnaires. Both Descriptive And Statistical Analysis Techniques Were Applied In This Research. Descriptive Statistics, Particularly Percentages Were Used In Describing Participant Information. Also, Statistical Analysis Was Used In Determining Reliability Of The Questionnaire As Well As For Hypothesis Testing. The Study Indicated That Social Process Simulation, Diagnostic Simulation, And Data Management Simulation Have A Statistically Significant Positive Relationship With Teaching Practice Effectiveness And Student Learning Performance. Based On The Findings, It Was Concluded And Recommended That Teachers And Students Should Accept The Use Of Simulation In Their Classroom To Enhance Their Classroom Outcomes.
Are Public Firms Really Myopic? Evidence from Matching IPO Firms at Birth

We track firms at birth and compare the growth and responsiveness to demand shocks of IPO firms and their birth-matched counterparts. Firms that are larger at birth with faster initial growth are more likely to go public. Firms in the top percentile of predicted propensity to go public grow 29 times larger fifteen years later than matched firms if they actually become public, and 14 times larger if they stay private. We show that public firms, especially those public firms backed by venture capital, grow faster, respond more to demand shocks and gain higher efficiency post-IPO. Our results show that the growth patterns of public firms are predictable before their IPOs and are inconsistent with public firms being short-term orientated.
Frequency of Uropathogens in Different Age Groups and Genders-A Laboratory Based Study in Islamabad

Objective: To find out the frequency of uropathogens in different age groups and gender. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Microbiology Department of Islamabad Diagnostic Centre from October 2014 to February 2015 A total of 1434 urine samples were collected in sterile containers from patients both sexes with clinical evidence of urinary tract infection determined by their treating physicians. The patients already on antibiotics, younger than 2 years in age and mixed growth of organisms on culture were excluded from study. Results: Significant growth was revealed in only 464 patients (32.36%), while mixed growth or no growth /insignificant growth was found in 158 (11.02%) and 812 (56.62%) patients respectively. E. coli was found to be the most common organism isolated in 61.20%, followed by Enterococcus Spp (11.85%) and Klebsiella Spp. (10.35%). E. coli was the most common isolated organism in all age groups and both sexes. Age group 5170 years has the highest frequency of uropathogens (29.10%) followed by age group 31-50 years (25.65%). Conclusion: that E. coli was found to be the most common uropathogen in all age groups and both sexes.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF FOOD Relative risk ranking of ready-to-eat foods for vulnerable groups

1. The FSA has a strategic plan priority to reduce foodborne disease using a targeted approach, tackling the pathogens that cause the largest number of cases and severest illness such as Campylobacter in chicken, and L.monocytogenes in Ready-To-Eat (RTE) chilled foods (e.g. soft mould-ripened cheeses, pâtés, smoked fish, cooked sliced meat, sandwiches etc.). Although listeriosis is relatively rare, it is the most common cause of death from foodborne illness in the UK (CSAR 2012).
The correlation between NEDD4L and HIF-1α levels as a gastric cancer prognostic marker

NEDD4L (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like) protein is a member of ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 family. Although studies have shown that Nedd4L may act as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC), its clinical significance and the diagnostic value in GC is not well defined. HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor family of transcription factors) is actively involved in the metabolism of many tumors, although the relationship between its expression levels and clinical significance in GC still need to be established. In this study, the level of HIF-1α and NEDD4L mRNA and protein in 25 freshly frozen GC- and matched normal-tissues were determined by western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, immunohistochemistry assay was performed to measure the protein level of NEDD4L and HIF-1α in 124 GC and 25 normal control tissues. We observed that the NEDD4L mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in GC tissues, while that of HIF-1α increased (P < 0.001), and they both were associated with a poor prognosis, as was the case in patients with lower NEDD4L and higher HIF-1α expression (P < 0.001). On correlation analysis, a significantly negative relationship (r = 0.288, P < 0.01) was revealed between NEDD4L and HIF-1α expressions. Multivariate analysis revealed that co-expression of NEDD4L (P < 0.05) and HIF-1α (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of GC prognosis. Thus, the correlation of NEDD4L and HIF-1α levels may act as a prognostic marker of GC.
Non-Profiled Side-Channel Attack Based on Deep Learning Using Picture Trace

Over the years, deep learning algorithms have advanced a lot and any innovation in the algorithms are demonstrated and benchmarked for image classification. Several other field including side-channel analysis (SCA) have recently adopted deep learning with great success. In SCA, the deep learning algorithms are typically working with 1-dimensional (1-D) data. In this work, we propose a unique method to improve deep learning based side-channel analysis by converting the measurements from raw-trace of 1-dimension data based on float or byte data into picture-formatted trace that has information based on the data position. We demonstrate why “Picturization” is more suitable for deep learning and compare how input and hidden layers interact for each raw (1-D) and picture form. As one potential application, we use a Binarized Neural Network (BNN) learning method that relies on a BNN’s natural properties to improve variables. In addition, we propose a novel criterion for attack success or failure based on statistical confidence level rather than determination of a correct key using a ranking system.
Facility Based Maternal Death Review: Learning from Maternal Deaths in a Teaching Hospital of Eastern India

Background Maternal mortality reflects the womens basic health status and the magnitude of care by the society towards its women. India being a country with a high burden of maternal deaths, there is an urgent need to reduce such deaths many of which are avoidable. The study aims to find out the specific reasons and circumstances of maternal deaths in hospital through facility based maternal death review which will help in improving maternal outcome. Methods All maternal deaths during one year period were reviewed. Data was collected by interview with health care providers associated with maternal deaths. Structured schedules were used for collecting information from relevant documents. Analysis of data was done to arrive at the results. Results Maternal deaths were most common in poor, illiterate rural women; in young women giving birth to first child; most of the maternal deaths were among referred cases and first 24 hours of hospital admission was the most crucial period. Majority of the deaths were avoidable and multiple contributory factors were associated with the death of the women. Conclusion A sizeable portion of maternal deaths in a tertiary hospital setting are preventable. Regular facility based maternal deaths review is essential to know about the avoidable deaths and their contributory factors. This will help in improving the facility settings and current practices, thereby decreasing maternal morbidity and in improving future outcomes.
Mutations in the miR396 binding site of the growth-regulating factor gene VvGRF4 modulate inflorescence architecture in grapevine.

Bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea infections is a notorious problem in grapevine cultivation. To produce high quality fruits, grapevine plants are treated with fungicides, which is cost intensive and harmful to the environment. On the other hand, loose cluster bunches show a considerably enhanced physical resilience to bunch diseases. With the aim to identify genetic determinants that modulate the development of bunch architecture, we have compared loose and compact `Pinot noir´ clones. Loose cluster architecture was found to be correlated with increased berry size, elongated rachis and elongated pedicels. Using transcriptome analysis in combination with whole genome sequencing, we have identified a growth regulating factor gene, VvGRF4, that is up-regulated and harbours heterozygous mutations in the loose cluster clones. At late stages of inflorescence development, the mRNA pools of loose cluster clones contain predominantly mRNAs derived from the mutated alleles, which are resistant to miR396 degradation. Expression of the VvGRF4 gene and its mutated variants in Arabidopsis demonstrates that it promotes pedicel elongation. Taken together, VvGRF4 modulates bunch architecture in grapevine `Pinot noir´ clones. This trait can be introduced into other cultivars using marker-assisted breeding or CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Related growth regulating factors or other genes of the same pathway may have similar functions.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathology might not be inexorably progressive or unique to repetitive neurotrauma

CTE is often conceptualized as a delayed-onset and progressive neurodegenerative disease with unique pathology. However, based on a comprehensive review of the evidence, Iverson et al. argue that CTE pathology cannot be considered inexorably progressive or wholly specific to those who have experienced repetitive neurotrauma.
Association between MCP-1 -2518A>G polymorphism and asthma susceptibility: a meta-analysis

The published data on the association between MCP-1 -2518A>G polymorphism and asthma susceptibility are inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the impact of MCP-1 -2518A>G polymorphism on asthma susceptibility. PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were used to identify eligible studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of association. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of individual studies on the estimates of overall effect, and funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Eight publications with 1562 asthma patients and 1574 controls were finally identified. Overall, we found no significant association between MCP-1 -2518A>G polymorphism and asthma susceptibility in any of the genetic model comparisons. After stratified analysis by ethnicity, the results showed that a significant association with asthma risk was found in Caucasians in all the genetic models. However, a protective association was found in Africans under the dominant model. The present meta-analysis suggested that the MCP-1 -2518 A>G polymorphism is a risk factor for asthma in the Caucasian population, nevertheless it has a protective effect in the African population.
The Mediating Role of Diabetes Distress and Depressive Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Medication Adherence Gender Differences

Background. Medication adherence is negatively related to both diabetes distress (DD) and depressive symptoms (DS). Past research suggests gender differences in adherence, DD, and DS. A gap exists in determining if gender differences in adherence are mediated by DD and DS, or if gender moderates differences in adherence by DD/DS. Aims. This study investigated the relationship between gender, DD, DS, and medication adherence and tested for mediating and moderating effects on medication adherence among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes. Method. The Maawaji idi-oog mino-ayaawin (Gathering for Health) study was a community-based participatory research collaboration with five American Indian tribes. Participants, randomly recruited from clinic records, shared information during computer-assisted personal interviews. This study includes the 166 participants who reported using medications to treat their diabetes. The relationship between gender, DD, DS, and medication adherence are explored. Possible mediating and moderating effects on medication were tested using regression and path analysis. Results. Females had higher levels of DD and DS and lower levels of medication adherence. Higher levels of DD and DS were both associated with lower medication adherence. No evidence was found that gender moderates the relationship between DD or DS and medication adherence. Instead, DD and DS mediated the relationship between gender and medication adherence. Conclusions. Medication adherence differences in male and female patients may be attributable to DD and DS. The present research highlights both DD and DS as targets for clinicians and researchers alike.
Autoantigen-specific B cells and plasma cells are prominent in areas of fatty infiltration in salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Abstract Salivary and lacrimal gland involvement is a characteristic feature of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), where tissue destruction is mediated by mononuclear cell infiltration, resulting in lacrimal and salivary gland impairment. We have previously shown distinct prevalence of adipose tissue replacement in the minor salivary gland tissue from pSS patients. The salivary gland microenvironment was further examined through microarray analysis, identifying signalling pathways that promoted adipose tissue development, inflammation, and lymphoma. As B cells may also contribute to disease progression, we now aimed to study the B cell pattern with regard to adipocyte development in pSS. Double immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded salivary gland tissue from 22 pSS patients and 11 non-SS tissue controls was employed, using the characteristic pSS autoantigens Ro52 or Ro60, alongside CD27. Additional CD138/CD20 double staining was also performed to identify the plasma- and general B- cell pattern. Our results demonstrated CD27-positive Ro52 and Ro60 specific cells observed within and in close proximity to the adipose tissue. CD138-positive plasma cells were also seen in areas of adipose tissue replacement, while the CD20+ cells were located within focal infiltrates, forming distinct B cell zones. The quantification of CD138+ and CD20+ cells revealed elevated numbers of CD138+ cells in areas of fatty infiltration, and also interstitially, in the salivary glands of pSS patients when compared to non-SS controls. A significant increase (p < .01) in CD138+ cells close to areas of fatty infiltration, and interstitially, with increasing fatty infiltration and focus score was further observed in pSS patients. A correlation between the number of CD20+ B cell zones/mm2 of salivary gland tissue and focus score values was also witnessed in the patients (r2 = 0.6047, p < .001). In conclusion, autoantigen-specific B cells and plasma cells appear prominent in areas of fatty infiltration in salivary glands of pSS patients, where an increase in CD138+ plasma cells and CD20+ B cells, in relation to both fatty and focal infiltration, suggests their active involvement in promoting inflammation. Further studies are needed to assess whether these adipocytes are also a result of tissue repair.
Cardio-respiratory signal extraction from video camera data for continuous non-contact vital sign monitoring using deep learning

Non-contact vital sign monitoring enables the estimation of vital signs, such as heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2), by measuring subtle color changes on the skin surface using a video camera. For patients in a hospital ward, the main challenges in the development of continuous and robust non-contact monitoring techniques are the identification of time periods and the segmentation of skin regions of interest (ROIs) from which vital signs can be estimated. We propose a deep learning framework to tackle these challenges. Approach: This paper presents two convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The first network was designed for detecting the presence of a patient and segmenting the patient’s skin area. The second network combined the output from the first network with optical flow for identifying time periods of clinical intervention so that these periods can be excluded from the estimation of vital signs. Both networks were trained using video recordings from a clinical study involving 15 pre-term infants conducted in the high dependency area of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK. Main results: Our proposed methods achieved an accuracy of 98.8% for patient detection, a mean intersection-over-union (IOU) score of 88.6% for skin segmentation and an accuracy of 94.5% for clinical intervention detection using two-fold cross validation. Our deep learning models produced accurate results and were robust to different skin tones, changes in light conditions, pose variations and different clinical interventions by medical staff and family visitors. Significance: Our approach allows cardio-respiratory signals to be continuously derived from the patient’s skin during which the patient is present and no clinical intervention is undertaken.
Association of preceding antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients with ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, or gastrointestinal bleed and mortality

Abstract Aims To analyse 90-day mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients after a stroke or a severe bleed and assess associations with the type of antithrombotic treatment at the event. Methods and results From the Stockholm Healthcare database, we selected 6017 patients with a known history of AF who were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke, 3006 with intracranial haemorrhage, and 4291 with a severe gastrointestinal bleed (GIB). The 90-day mortality rates were 25.1% after ischaemic stroke, 31.6% after intracranial haemorrhage, and 16.2% after severe GIB. We used Cox regression and propensity score-matched analyses to test the association between antithrombotic treatment at the event and 90-day mortality. After intracranial haemorrhage, there was a significantly higher mortality rate in warfarin compared to non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC)-treated patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.78]. After an ischaemic stroke and a severe GIB, patients receiving antiplatelets or no antithrombotic treatment had significantly higher mortality rates compared to patients on NOACs, but there was no difference comparing warfarin to NOACs (aHR 0.84, CI 0.63–1.12 after ischaemic stroke, aHR 0.91, CI 0.66–1.25 after severe GIB). Propensity score-matched analysis yielded similar results. Conclusion Mortality rates were high in AF patients suffering from an ischaemic stroke, an intracranial haemorrhage, or a severe GIB. NOAC treatment was associated with a lower 90-day mortality after intracranial haemorrhage than warfarin.