Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oceanic torques on solid Earth and their effects on Earth rotation

[1] We calculate that the oceanic torque vectors (x, y, z components) acting on the solid Earth using the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM) output data at 3-day intervals for the period 1988–1995. This study examined three distinct types of torque, with different physical mechanisms: pressure, gravitational, and frictional. The pressure torque is further divided into two parts: that due to Earth's ellipticity and that due to the ocean bottom topography. According to resultant time series the ellipticity pressure torque causes the largest effect for the x and y components. The gravitational torque and the ellipticity pressure torque are shown numerically to be exactly proportional by a factor of −0.49. The topographic pressure torque is somewhat smaller in overall amplitude than the ellipticity-induced torque (the sum of the ellipticity pressure torque and gravitational torque). The ocean bottom frictional torque is found to be negligible in all three components. To validate the torque calculations, we compare the calculated oceanic torques with effective torque derived from the ocean angular momentum (OAM) variation, both from POCM. It is shown that the effective torque associated with the mass term of the OAM agrees remarkably well with the ellipticity-induced torque as required by theory. For the motion term the effective torque can be explained mostly by the topographic pressure torque in the intraseasonal periods, but the seasonal and longer-period components show significant differences between the two. The difference should theoretically be attributed to the exclusion of the wind frictional torque on the ocean. However, a comparison based on the NASA GEOS-1 atmospheric model shows that the wind frictional torque obtained is insufficient in power in the x and y components. Finally, in the application to the Earth rotation excitation it is found that both the ellipticity and topographic torques have comparable contributions to polar motion excitation for both seasonal and nonseasonal variations. For the length of day variation, our torque approach is presently inadequate because the oceanic contribution is relatively too small to be estimated in the presence of data and model errors.
Vestibulo‐ocular function in patients with cerebellar atrophy

Eye movement abnormalities were quantitatively assessed in four patients with clinically pure cerebellar atrophy (group A), six patients with brainstem plus cerebellar atrophy (group B), and five patients with Friedreich's ataxia (group C). Twelve patients had one or more types of spontaneous nystagmus: eight gaze nystagmus, three rebound nystagmus, two positional nystagmus, and one vestibular nystagmus. Caloric-induced and rotatory-induced nystagmus was hyperactive in group A and diminished in group C. Group B had mixed responses. All patients demonstrated significant fixation instability and impaired smooth pursuit. There was dysmetria of voluntary saccades, with flutter and "rebound" saccades. Nine of 15 patients had significant slowing of induced saccades, including two patients in group A. It is concluded that quantitative vestibulo-ocular tests can be useful in classifying the cerebellar atrophy syndromes.
High-Coulomb Triggered Vacuum Switch

Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. has conducted more exhaustive tests on the high-coulomb triggered vacuum switches (TVS) produced in Russia and previously reported at the last Pulsed Power Conference [l]. Detailed circuit parameters and corresponding life test data are presented. Further data on the TVS rectifying characteristics, resistive phase delay, and jitter are discussed. Introduction Vacuum switches are not a new technology: Originally developed by a number of investigators, the switches were refined to a usable level [2], but then allowed to lapse in the West for the past 10 years. With the coming of the social and economic reforms in the former Soviet Union, however, also came a Cold War dividend-the Russians have perfected the old forgotten vacuum switch, and now have a device which competes favorably with ignitrons and rotating arc gap switches. As system requirements become more stringent in today's applications, such as electromagnetic launchers (EML), including demands for more switches and longer life times, unreliable switching becomes a greater, more pressing concern. Furthermore, environmental considerations cast doubts on the future availability of the size D ignitrons frequently used in many present systems. Maxwell has recently completed exhaustive testing of model TVS-40 triggered vacuum switches, in which we studied life. peak current, coulomb transfer, turn on characteristics including delay times, and switch jitter. From the results of these tests, we believe the TVS will be a serious switch candidate for future fieldable electromagnetic launching systems. Rating of Maxwell TVS The recommended operating range of the Maxwell TVS-40 shown in Table 1 indicates the diversity of the switch. Simultaneous ratings of 100 kA and 50 Cb are possible with only a modest trigger requirement. TABLE 1 RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGES Operating voltage kV 1-25 Operating current kA 1-100 Operating current duration w 50-104 Electric strength recovery time Charge per pulse Switch-on delay time Trigger voltage Trigger current Trigger current duration Overall dimensions diameter height Life (total coulomb passage) Mass 10 50 1 f 0.2 5 1 2 150 203 0.5 1 x 106 9 With substantially reduced life, the switch can be operated with the extended limiting parameters of 200 kA, 40 kV, or >lo0 A*s. Figure 1 shows a photograph of the TVS-40; a cross-section of the switch is shown in Figure 2, revealing the interdigitated electrode construction, interior shield plates, and trigger pin arrangement. Figure 1. Maxwell's TVS-40 triggered vacuum switch.
Discourse relations in rationale‐containing text‐segments

Offering one's perspective and justifying it has become a common practice in online text‐based communications, just as it is in typical, face‐to‐face communication. Compared to the face‐to‐face communications, it can be particularly more challenging for users to understand and evaluate another's perspective in online communications. On the other hand, the availability of the communication record in online communications offers a potential to leverage computational techniques to automatically detect user opinions and rationales. One promising approach to automatically detect the rationales is to detect the common discourse relations in rationale texts. However, no empirical work has been done with regard to which discourse relations are commonly present in the users’ rationales in online communications. To fill this gap, we annotated the discourse relations in the text segments that contain the rationales (N = 527 text segments). These text segments are obtained from five datasets that consist of five online posts and the first 100 comments. We identified 10 discourse relations that are commonly present in this sample. Our finding marks an important contribution to this rationale detection approach. We encourage more empirical work, preferably with a larger sample, to examine the generalizability of our findings.
Four Stages of Research on the Educational Use of Ubiquitous Computing

In this paper, the Gartner Group's hype cycle is used as the basis for categorizing and analyzing research on the educational use of ubiquitous computing. There are five phases of the hype cycle: the technology trigger, the peak of inflated expectations, the trough of disillusionment, the slope of enlightenment, and the plateau of productivity. Research on the educational use of mobile technology is divided in this paper into four stages: (i) a period of mobility and personal digital assistants (PDAs); (ii) the era of wireless internet learning devices; (iii) the introduction of social mobile media; and (iv) a ubiquitous future. In addition, three empirical case studies are used as examples of these developmental stages. These case studies demonstrate the diversity of contexts, methods, and technologies used, ranging from the workplace to nature trails, from inquiry learning to collaborative knowledge building, and from PocketPCs to smartphones. The four stages of educational use in the context of the hype cycle and the case studies together emphasize that pedagogically grounded instructional design is needed to put emergent technologies to effective use to promote learning skills, namely self-regulated learning and collaboration, and to prepare people for the 21st century learning society.
Preoperative and Perioperative Factors Effect on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgical Outcomes

Study Design. Prospective multicenter database. Objective. To identify factors associated with outcomes from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery outcomes and especially poor results. Summary of Background Data. Because AIS is rarely symptomatic during adolescence, excellent surgical results are expected. However, some patients have poor outcomes. This study seeks to identify factors correlating with results and especially those making poor outcomes more likely. Methods. Demographic, surgical, and radiographic parameters were compared to 2-year postoperative Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) scores in 477 AIS surgical patients using stepwise linear regression to identify factors predictive of 2-year domain and total scores. Poor postoperative score patients (>2 SD below mean) were compared using t tests to those with better results. Results. The SRS instrument exhibited a strong ceiling effect. Two-year scores showed more improvement with greater curve correction (self-image, pain, and total), and were worse with larger body mass index (pain, mental, total), larger preoperative trunk shift (mental and total), larger preoperative Cobb (self-image), and preoperative symptoms (function). Poor results were more common in those with Lenke 3 curve pattern (pain), less preoperative coronal imbalance, trunk shift and rib prominence (function), preoperative bracing (self-image), and anterior procedures (mental). Poor results also had slightly less average curve correction (50% vs. 60%) and larger curve residuals (31° vs. 23°). Complications, postoperative curve magnitude, and instrumentation type did not significantly contribute to postoperative scores, and no identifiable factors contributed to satisfaction. Conclusion. Curve correction improves patient's self-image whereas pain and poor function before surgery carry over after surgery. Patients with less spinal appearance issues (higher body mass index, Lenke 3 curves) are less happy with their results. Except in surgical patient selection, many of these factors are beyond physician control.
Transnational mobility and rootedness: the upper middle classes in European cities

Some authors argue that ‘mobilities’ form the distinctive feature of late modern societies and represent a new social cleavage between cosmopolitan mobile elites and urban residents more rooted in their local neighbourhoods. One assumption in contemporary discourses of rootedness is that this new transnational or global society entails an ongoing process of uprooting individuals and a mainly mobile elite packing up and relocating. In this article, we draw on empirical comparative research to examine the patterns and dynamics of mobility and belonging across European borders among upper-middle-class managers in four cities – Paris, Madrid, Milan and Lyon. We suggest that these new urban upper-middle-class managers display flight responses, or ‘partial exit’ strategies, which operate at various levels to enable them to protect and control their interests while holding onto the reins of power in their local communities. Our study adopts a micro-level perspective to explore individual experiences, strategies, motivations and values based on interviews with 480 managers in these cities. [Resume editeur]
Vaccinia Virus Protein F12 Associates with Intracellular Enveloped Virions through an Interaction with A36

ABSTRACT Vaccinia virus is the prototypical member of the family Poxviridae. Three morphologically distinct forms are produced during infection: intracellular mature virions (IMV), intracellular enveloped virions (IEV), and extracellular enveloped virions (EEV). Two viral proteins, F12 and A36, are found exclusively on IEV but not on IMV and EEV. Analysis of membranes from infected cells showed that F12 was only associated with membranes and is not an integral membrane protein. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed an interaction between amino acids 351 to 458 of F12 and amino acids 91 to 111 of A36. We generated a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses an F12, which lacks residues 351 to 458. Characterization of this recombinant revealed a small-plaque phenotype and a subsequent defect in virus release similar to a recombinant virus that had F12L deleted. In addition, F12 lacking residues 351 to 458 was unable to associate with membranes in infected cells. These results suggest that F12 associates with IEV through an interaction with A36 and that this interaction is critical for the function of F12 during viral egress.
Biphasic Thyroid-Like Low-Grade Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma with a Prominent Spindle Cell Component: A Case Report

Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TLLG-NPPA) is a distinctly rare malignancy of the nasopharynx. Morphologically and immunophenotypically, TLLG-NPPA resembles papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is characterized by a papillary architecture with PTC-like nuclear features and thyroid transcription factor-1 expression. Recently, some cases of TLLG-NPPA with a spindle cell component have been reported. In this study, we report a very interesting case of biphasic TLLG-NPPA that was predominantly composed of spindle cells, with comprehensive analyses of its clinical, pathological, and immunophenotypical features. A 50-year-old woman presented with a sensation of a foreign body in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngoscopy and computed tomography demonstrated a pedunculated mass arising from the nasopharyngeal roof. Based on the clinical impression of a nasopharyngeal tumor, an excisional biopsy was performed. At low-power magnification, the nasopharyngeal mass consisted of papillary tumor tissue, the growth pattern and architecture of which resembled those of PTC. The papillae were complex and packed tightly with fibrovascular cores. At high-power magnification, each papillary structure was lined with a pseudostratified cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium. The tumor cell nuclei frequently showed a ground-glass appearance, intranuclear grooves, pseudoinclusions, and membrane thickening and irregularity, resembling the characteristic nuclear morphology of PTC. These histological features were compatible with TLLG-NPPA. Intriguingly, in between the papillary components were spindle cells that appeared very similar to the glandular epithelial cells that imperceptibly merged with the papillary component. This spindle cell component comprised two-thirds of the entire tumor volume. The nuclear morphology of the spindle cell component was similar to that of the papillary component. On immunostaining, both the papillary and spindle cell components were diffusely and strongly positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, vimentin, and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1. In contrast, the tumor cells tested negative for p63, p40, smooth muscle actin, S-100, cytokeratin 5/6, thyroglobulin, BRAF V600E, and Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNAs. Only two cases of biphasic TLLG-NPPA exhibiting a prominent spindle cell component had been reported previously in the English literature. When the pathologist receives a primary nasopharyngeal mass with the aforementioned histological features, particularly biopsy specimens with predominant spindle cells, biphasic TLLG-NPPA should be considered in the differential diagnosis. By describing its detailed clinicopathological characteristics, we anticipate that this report will expand the existing knowledge on the spindle cell component associated with TLLG-NPPA.
Evaluation of biochemical parameters and productive performance of japanese quail in response to the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal

The present study was conducted to evaluation the different levels canola meal (CM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) in Japanese quails diets on productive performance, egg quality trails and blood parameters including blood protein, minerals concentration, liver enzymes and thyroid hormones. In this study, 160 of Japanese quails in second laying phase from 46 to 56 weeks of age were divided in four treatments with four replicates and 10 quail in each per replicate, on a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments consisted:T1) control (without CM), T2, T3 and T4) replacing 30, 60 and 90% of SBM with CM respectively. The results were shown no significant variation in body weight between treatments in initial and end of the experiment (p > 0.05). There was significant decrease in feed intake by increasing level of CM (p 0.05). However, the egg shell thickness showed significantly decreased with increasing levels of canola meal in the diet (p < 0.05). According to this study results, 30% replacement of SBM by CM in the diet (contained 10% CM) has no adverse effect on quail’s performance.
Measurements and Mesoscale Modeling of Autumnal Vertical Ozone Profiles in Southern Taiwan

Vertical measurements of ozone were made using a tethered balloon at the Linyuan site in Kaohsiung County, southern Taiwan. Ozone was monitored at altitudes of 0, 100, 300, 500, and 1000 m from November 23 to 25 in 2005. The potential temperature profiles revealed a stable atmosphere during the study period, largely because of the dominance of the high-pressure system and nocturnal radiation cooling close to the surface. The mixing height was low (50-300 m), particularly in the late night and early morning. The surface ozone concentrations that were predicted using TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) were high (33.7-119 ppbv) in the daytime (10:00-16:00) and were low (10-40 ppbv) at other times; the predictions of which were consistent with the observations. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reveal that costal lands typically had higher ozone concentrations than those inland, because most industrial parks are located in or close to the boundaries of Kaohsiung City. Both measurements and simulations indicate that daytime ozone concentrations decreased quickly with increasing height at altitudes below 300 m; while nighttime ozone concentrations were lower at low altitudes (50 to 300 m) than at higher altitudes, partly because of dry deposition and titration of surface ozone by the near-surface nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)) and partly because of the existence of the residual layer above the stable nocturnal boundary layer. The simulations show a good correlation between the maximum daytime surface ozone concentration and average nighttime ozone concentration above the nocturnal boundary layer.
Cultural perceptions in cancer care among African-American and Caucasian patients.

PURPOSE This exploratory study examined perceptions and beliefs of African Americans and Caucasians related to cancer care. Understanding belief systems and cultures optimizes cancer treatment and care delivery to ethnic minority individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS Focus groups were conducted with 39 African-American and Caucasian cancer patients. Data analysis included whole group analysis with a team of five researchers. RESULTS Regardless of ethnicity, cancer patients share many of the same emotions and experiences, and want complete information and quality care. Differences were also apparent. African-American participants were more likely to report increased religious behaviors, believe that healthcare providers demonstrate care with simple actions and provision of practical assistance, and use church and community information sources. Caucasian participants were more likely to report spiritual but not overtly religious changes, and depend on healthcare providers for information. CONCLUSION Understanding how culture colors perceptions, communication and information requirements is critical to providing effective care to ethnically diverse cancer patients. Findings have implications for professionals understanding ways patients seek information, the role of spirituality and religion in care, and ways healthcare providers demonstrate care.
Mental workload estimations in unilateral deafened children

Despite of technological innovations, noisy environments still constitute a challenging and stressful situation for words recognition by hearing impaired subjects. The evaluation of the mental workload imposed by the noisy environments for the recognition of the words in prelingually deaf children is then of paramount importance since it could affect the speed of the learning process during scholar period.The aim of the present study was to investigate different electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectral density (PSD) components (in theta4-8 Hz - and alpha - 8-12 Hz - frequency bands) to estimate the mental workload index in different noise conditions during a word recognition task in prelingually deaf children, a population not yet investigated in relation to the workload index during auditory tasks. A pilot study involving a small group of prelingually deaf children was then subjected to EEG recordings during an auditory task composed by a listening and a successive recognition of words with different noise conditions. Results showed that in the pre-word listening phase frontal EEG PSD in theta band and the ratio of the frontal EEG PSD in theta band and the parietal EEG PSD in alpha band (workload index; IWL) reported highest values in the most demanding noise condition. In addition, in the phase preceding the word forced-choice task the highest parietal EEG PSD in alpha band and IWL values were reported at the presumably simplest condition (noise emitted in correspondence of the subject's deaf ear). These results could suggest the prominence of EEG PSD theta component activity in the pre-word listening phase. In addition, a more challenging noise situation in the pre-choice phase would be so “over-demanding” to fail to enhance both the alpha power and the IWL in comparison to the already demanding “simple” condition.
Studies on influenza in the pandemic of 1957-1958. I. An epidemiologic, clinical and serologic investigation of an intrahospital epidemic, with a note on vaccination efficacy.

Influenza caused by a new variant of influenza A virus assumed epidemic proportions in southwest China in late February, 1957 (1). During the next three months influenza outbreaks occurred widely throughout the Orient and first appeared in the United States in the middle of May. During the summer the disease spread slowly and sporadically within the United States, initially involved military establishments which received military personnel from the Orient, and later attacked various civilian groups collected in summer camps and conferences. From September through December, 1957, there was a rapid and diffuse spread of influenza, and epidemics were observed in most cities throughout the country (2). In late August, 1957, it was predicted that influenza would probably be seen in epidemic proportions within New York City. At this time a prospective interdepartmental study was organized at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center with the belief that the pending epidemic might present a unique opportunity to study influenza by a multidisciplined approach not often possible under epidemic conditions. The present series of three papers is a report of these studies. The first paper details observations on an intrahospital epidemic arising within a single medical ward. Included in this initial paper of the report are the results of studies of the clinical