Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practice and play as determinants of self-determined motivation in youth soccer players

Abstract Based upon predictions derived from the Developmental Model of Sports Participation, we tested whether hours in domain-specific play (self-led activities) and practice (coach-led activities) during childhood (~5–12 year) in an elite group of youth soccer players from the UK (N = 144) were related to motivation. Independent analysis of three different age groups (Under 13, 15 and 17 year) did not show relations between play and practice activities during childhood and global measures of motivation. However, secondary analysis showed that when controlling for years in soccer, years in the UK Academy system were negatively related to global indices of self-determined motivation (SDI) and positively related to controlled motivation for the oldest players. Despite predictions, there was no evidence that play during childhood was positively related to more SDI. Prospective research is recommended to enable more robust conclusions about the role of early developmental practice activities, especially early specialisation in a high-performance system, on both skill and psychosocial development.
Neural network based universal tone detector

This paper presents a new algorithm for universal tone detection, which uses two outputs of the Goertzel filter as inputs to a neural network. This algorithm is referred to as the neural tone detector (NTD). Detailed analysis and comparison with existing solutions in terms of performance and computational complexity is given. The NTD was found to be a reliable high performance solution for the tone detector under noisy conditions - whereas computational complexity and memory requirements are low.
Work resumption after vocational rehabilitation: a follow-up two years after completed rehabilitation.

UNLABELLED A short-term evaluation of vocational rehabilitation (VR) may give conclusions not automatically applicable over a longer term. The present study follows up alterations in work resumption or in social insurance benefits from the time of completed VR and during the following two years. AIM The primary objective was to evaluate work resumption among previous sick-leavers granted vocational rehabilitation. The aim of the follow-up was to assess the stability of the outcome of VR over time and to analyse factors of importance for clients that remained at work. METHOD A register investigation was based on 815 cases where the clients had taken part in vocational rehabilitation and were served by one of six local social insurance offices of a Swedish county. RESULTS Of the clients studied, 52.4% had attained full working capacity The proportion had decreased to 37.4% two years later. One factor that differed between those who resumed work and those who returned to sick leave was the duration of the previous sick-leave period. Those who returned to work had had shorter sick leave, had jobs to return to and had received job training as a vocational rehabilitation measure. CONCLUSIONS The clients with the best chances of being in work two years after completed vocational rehabilitation were those with short sickness absence, who had been selected for job training as a vocational rehabilitation, were aged 16-29 years and were employed in industry.
Bilateral cholesterol granulomas.

Lesions of the petrous apex can be broken down into several categories: benign versus malignant, primary versus metastatic, vascular versus nonvascular, and solid versus cystic. Cholesterol granulomas are cystic lesions. They are giant cell granulomatous reactions to cholesterol noted from the breakdown of blood and are the most common lesions of the petrous apex. They can present with hearing loss and dizziness because of their effects on the hearing and balance mechanisms; they can also cause diplopia, facial palsy/hemifacial spasm, and facial hypesthesia (because of effects on cranial nerves VI, VII, and V, respectively) (1,2). They have infrequently been reported as being bilateral (3–9). Imaging of the lesions with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help differentiate cholesterol granulomas from other lesions on the basis of a characteristic appearance. Several surgical approaches have been used for their drainage based primarily on location, size, and hearing status. We present the case of a patient who presented with bilateral cholesterol granulomas drained via a transsphenoidal approach. We then review the English literature reports of bilateral cholesterol granulomas.
On the Classical Necessary Second-Order Optimality Conditions in the Presence of Equality and Inequality Constraints

For nonconvex optimization problems in Rn, a counterexample was recently given by Anitescu [SIAM J. Optim. , 10 (2000), pp. 1116--1135] that showed that the Mangasarian--Fromovitz constraint qualification (MFCQ) is not sufficient for the classical necessary second-order optimality conditions to hold. We prove these optimality conditions with the assumptions that the set of Lagrange multipliers is a bounded line segment and a relaxed strict complementary slackness (SCS) condition holds. A new constraint qualification is presented in this paper: We assume that the MFCQ holds and the active constraint rank deficiency is 1. This assumption relaxes the linear independence constraint qualification and enforces the MFCQ. In addition, the set of Lagrange multipliers is a bounded line segment.
RAIN FOREST FRAGMENTATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF AMAZONIAN LIANA COMMUNITIES

In tropical forests, lianas (woody vines) are important structural parasites of trees. We assessed the effects of forest fragmentation, treefall disturbance, soils, and stand attributes on liana communities in central Amazonian rain forests. Over 27 500 liana stems (≥2 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) were recorded in 27 1-ha plots in continuous forest and 42 plots in 10 forest fragments ranging from 1 to 100 ha in area. For each plot, an index of forest disturbance was determined from a 20-yr study of tree-community dynamics, and 19 soil-texture and chemistry parameters were derived from soil surface samples (top 20 cm). Liana abundance was 187–701 stems/ha, and liana aboveground dry biomass varied from 3.7 to 12.3 Mg/ha. Liana abundance increased significantly near forest edges and was significantly positively associated with forest disturbance and significantly negatively associated with tree biomass. Liana biomass was similarly associated with disturbance and tree biomass but also increased signifi.
ACCURACY OF FINITE‐DIFFERENCE MODELING OF THE ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION

two methods rapidly deteriorates. This effect, known as “grid dispersion,” must be taken into account in order to avoid erroneous interpretation of seismograms obtained by finite-difference techniques. Both seconti-order accuracy and fourth-order accuracy finite-difference algorithms are considered. For the second-order scheme, a good rule of thumb is that the ratio of the upper half-power wavelength of the source to the grid interval should be of the order of ten or more. For the fourth-order scheme, it is found that the grid can be twice as coarse (five or more grid points per upper half-power wavelength) and good results are still obtained. Analytical predictions of the effect of grid dispersion are presented; these seem to be in agreement with the experimental results. ence methods to that obtained by classical analytical methods for the simple case of an infinite twodimensional 90.degree wedge (quarter space) in an otherwise infinite homogeneous medium. The source field was that due to a line source distribution located parallel to the corner of the wedge (see Figure I). For analytical simplicity, the acoustic velocity of the wedge medium is taken to be zero. This is equivalent to having a perfectlj “soft” wedge medium such as a vacuum.
Computer-Aided Diagonosis for Colorectal Cancer using Deep Learning with Visual Explanations

Detection, diagnosis, and removal of colorectal neoplasms are well-accepted colorectal cancer prevention methods. Although promising endoscopic imaging techniques including narrow-band imaging have been developed, these techniques are operator-dependent and interpretations of the results may vary. To overcome these limitations, we applied deep learning to develop a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system of colorectal adenoma. We collected and divided 3000 colonoscopic images into 4 categories according to the final pathology, normal, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. We implemented three convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using Inception-v3, ResNet-50, and DenseNet-161 as baseline models. We further altered the models using several strategies: replacement of the top layer, transfer learning from pre-trained models, fine-tuning of the model weights, rebalancing and augmentation of the training data, and 10-fold cross-validation. We compared the outcomes of the three CNN models to those of two endoscopist groups having different years of experience, and visualized the model predictions using Class Activation Mapping (CAM). The CNN-CAD achieved the best performance in our experiments with a 92.48% classification accuracy rate. The CNN-CAD results showed a better performance in all criteria than those of endoscopic experts. The model visualization results showed reasonable regions of interest to explain pathology classification decisions. We demonstrated that CNN-CAD can distinguish the pathology of colorectal adenoma, yielding better outcomes than the endoscopic experts group.
Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and physical performance in older men: results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.

OBJECTIVE This manuscript examines the relationships of total testosterone (T), bioavailable T, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) to measures of physical performance in a large, population-based, random sample of men. METHODS In the most recent wave of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, measures of strength and physical performance [seven-item physical performance test (PPT), timed chair stand test, and grip strength] were made in 684 men, aged 55-85 yr. Complete hormone data were also obtained. Initial graphical exploration of performance outcomes as a function of hormone levels showed linear increases in physical performance up to certain threshold hormone concentrations, beyond which the associations were diminished. Regression models were used to estimate threshold locations and standardized regression coefficients quantifying the association between hormones and strength. RESULTS All hormones exhibited significant age-adjusted positive association with PPT score below, but not necessarily above, the thresholds. DHEA was positively associated with chair stand score below, but was not above the threshold. None of the hormones studied was significantly associated with grip strength. CONCLUSION Up to certain critical concentrations, elevated levels of TT, total T, bioavailable T, DHEA, and DHEA sulfate are associated with increased physical performance, as indicated by the PPT. However, levels beyond those critical concentrations, as might be achieved through exogenous supplementation, do not appear to confer any additional benefit. In general, hormone concentrations do not appear to be meaningfully associated with grip strength or chair stand scores.
A Hardware/Software Stack for Heterogeneous Systems

Plenty of novel emerging technologies are being proposed and evaluated today, mostly at the device and circuit levels. It is unclear what the impact of different new technologies at the system level will be. What is clear, however, is that new technologies will make their way into systems and will increase the already high complexity of heterogeneous parallel computing platforms, making it ever so difficult to program them. This paper discusses a programming stack for heterogeneous systems that combines and adapts well-understood principles from different areas, including capability-based operating systems, adaptive application runtimes, dataflow programming models, and model checking. We argue why we think that these principles built into the stack and the interfaces among the layers will also be applicable to future systems that integrate heterogeneous technologies. The programming stack is evaluated on a tiled heterogeneous multicore.
Clinical Utility of Pharmacy-Based Adherence Measurement in Predicting Virologic Outcomes in an Adult HIV-Infected Cohort in Jos, North Central Nigeria

Objectives: We examined the association between adherence to drug-refill visits and virologic outcomes in a cohort of HIV-infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in North Central Nigeria. Methods: Retrospectively, 588 HIV-infected, cART-naive adults (aged ≥15 years), initiated on first-line ART between 2009 and 2010 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, were evaluated. Association between adherence to drug-refill visits, virologic (viral load > 1000 copies/mL), and immunologic failure was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: After a median of 12 months on cART, 16% (n = 94) and 10% (n = 59) of patients had virologic and immunologic failures, respectively. In the final multivariable model, suboptimal adherence to drug-refill visits was a significant predictor of both virologic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.2–2.3) and immunologic (AOR 1.92; 95% CI:1.06–3.49) failures. Conclusion: Adherence to drug refill is a useful predictor of successful virologic control and could be utilized for routine monitoring of adherence to cART in our clinical setting.
Continuous transcutaneous oxygen tension measured with a heated electrode.

A new oxygen electrode was constructed and tested. The Clark-type of cell is applied on the skin and has a heating unit. The latter serves to maintain vasodilatation, constant temperature of the electrode, and as a relative means of monitoring blood flow. Eight patients were studied during inhalation provocation tests. Transcutaneous blood PO2 (tcPO2) was of the same order of magnitude as arterial PO2 (PaO2) and changed parallel to PaO2 with a time lag of about 30 seconds. PO2 increased with the degree of hyperventilation in all patients and decreased in those five subjects who became asthmatic. PO2 may be monitored for several hours with the skin electrode.
TTV infection in colorectal cancer tissues and normal mucosa

Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg and the Molecular Gastroenterology Unit,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, GermanyDear Sir,Genetic modiﬁcations and environmental factors are presentlyseen as the key factors in the etiology of colorectal cancer,
The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: Prevalence in an eating disorder sample and anxiety disorder sample

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of comorbid eating and anxiety disorders in women presenting for inpatient and outpatient treatment of an eating disorder and women presenting for outpatient treatment of an anxiety disorder. Methods: The prevalence of comorbidity was investigated from a sample of 152 women, which included 100 women presenting for treatment of an eating disorder and 52 women presenting for treatment of an anxiety disorder. Results: Of women presenting for treatment of an eating disorder, 65% also met criteria for at least one comorbid anxiety disorder; 69% of these reported the onset of the anxiety disorder to precede the onset of the eating disorder. Of the anxiety disorders diagnosed, social phobia was most frequently diagnosed (42%) followed by post-traumatic stress disorder (26%), generalised anxiety disorder (23%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (5%), panic/agoraphobia (3%) and specific phobia (2%). We also found that 13.5% of women presenting for anxiety treatment also met criteria for a comorbid eating disorder. Furthermore, 71% (n = 5) reported the onset of the anxiety disorder to precede the onset of the eating disorder. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of eating and anxiety disorder comorbidity is high. The present research should improve the clinical understanding of the comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders. In particular, it is anticipated that this research will have significant aetiological and therapeutic implications especially with regard to improving the clinical effectiveness of psychological treatments for eating disorders and highlighting the importance of screening for eating pathology in the clinical assessment of anxiety disorders.
Bounding Stationary Averages of Polynomial Diffusions via Semidefinite Programming

We introduce an algorithm based on semidefinite programming that yields increasing (resp. decreasing) sequences of lower (resp. upper) bounds on polynomial stationary averages of diffusions with polynomial drift vector and diffusion coefficients. The bounds are obtained by optimising an objective, determined by the stationary average of interest, over the set of real vectors defined by certain linear equalities and semidefinite inequalities which are satisfied by the moments of any stationary measure of the diffusion. We exemplify the use of the approach through several applications: a Bayesian inference problem; the computation of Lyapunov exponents of linear ordinary differential equations perturbed by multiplicative white noise; and a reliability problem from structural mechanics. Additionally, we prove that the bounds converge to the infimum and supremum of the set of stationary averages for certain SDEs associated with the computation of the Lyapunov exponents, and we provide numerical evidence of convergence in more general settings.
Interaction of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibody with Graves’ Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone-Binding Antibody

Objective: Evidence of anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) antibody in Graves’ serum has been reported. We found that extremely high Graves’ anti-TSH antibodies neutralized other Graves’ thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) activity. Method: TSAb-IgG was affinity-purified by Sepharose-bound Graves’ anti-TSH antibody (extremely high). Result: The thyroid-stimulating activity in affinity-purified TSAb-IgG increased about 4–5 times compared to that before purification. TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) activity in affinity-purified TSAb-IgG also increased using TSH receptor-coated tube assay. A similar increase of thyroid-stimulating activity accompanied with TBII activity was also observed in affinity-purified TSAb-IgG-F(ab′)2. Conclusion: This suggests the possibility that either TSAb may be an anti-idiotypic antibody against anti-TSH antibody or anti-TSH antibody may be an anti-idiotypic antibody against anti-TSH receptor antibody.
Early response to therapy and survival in multiple myeloma

Whether the response to chemotherapy is a prognosticator in multiple myeloma (MM) is still not known. Therefore, the relationship between survival and the rate of monoclonal protein (M‐protein) decrement during the first cycles of therapy was prospectively assessed in 262 patients with newly diagnosed MM that were included in a phase III trial (HOVON‐16). M‐proteins were collected monthly during melphalan–prednisone therapy (MP: melphalan 0·25 mg/kg, prednisone 1·0 mg/kg orally for 5 d every 4 weeks). Patients with light chain disease (n = 18), immunoglobulin M (IgM)‐MM (n = 1) and no immunotyping (n = 1) were excluded. Of the 242 patients studied, 75% had IgG M‐protein and 25% IgA; MM stages: I: 1%, II: 35% and III: 64%. The median M‐protein decrease after the first cycle of MP was 21% for IgG and 27% for IgA, and declined to < 5% after four cycles. An obvious survival advantage was seen for patients who had an M‐protein decrease of at least 30% after the first MP cycle, which became significant when an M‐protein decrease of 40% or more was reached. As established prognostic parameters (Salmon & Durie stage, serum creatinine, and haemoglobin) also remained prognostically significant, we concluded that early response to MP predicts for survival in MM.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate and Beta-alanine on repeated sprints during intermittent exercise performed in hypoxia.

PURPOSE To investigate the separate and combined effects of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on repeated sprints during simulated match play performed in hypoxia. METHODS Study A: 20 recreationally active participants performed two trials following acute supplementation with either sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g·kg-1BM) or placebo (maltodextrin). Study B: 16 recreationally active participants were supplemented with either a placebo or beta-alanine for 5 weeks (6.4 g·day-1 for 4 weeks, 3.2 g·day-1 for 1 week), and performed one trial before supplementation (with maltodextrin) and two following supplementation (with sodium bicarbonate and maltodextrin). Trials consisted of 3 sets of 5 × 6 s repeated sprints performed during a football specific intermittent treadmill protocol performed in hypoxia (15.5% O2). Mean (MPO) and peak (PPO) power output were recorded as the performance measures. RESULTS Study A: Overall MPO was lower with sodium bicarbonate than placebo (p = .02, 539.4 ± 84.5 vs. 554.0 ± 84.6 W), although there was no effect across sets (all p > .05). Study B: There was no effect of beta-alanine, or cosupplementation with sodium bicarbonate, on either parameter, although there was a trend toward higher MPO with sodium bicarbonate (p = .07). CONCLUSIONS The effect of sodium bicarbonate on repeated sprints was equivocal, although there was no effect of beta-alanine or cosupplementation with sodium bicarbonate. Individual variation may have contributed to differences in results with sodium bicarbonate, although the lack of an effect with beta-alanine suggests this type of exercise may not be influenced by increased buffering capacity.
Comparison of home and ambulatory blood pressure measurement in the diagnosis of masked hypertension

Introduction The best method to diagnose masked hypertension is controversial. The objective of the present study was to compare home blood pressure (HBP) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurement in the evaluation of masked hypertension. Methods Two hundred and sixty-one individuals from the general population underwent office BP (duplicate measurements on four visits), HBP (duplicate measurements on seven days) and 24-h ABP measurement, and risk factor evaluation. Target organ damage was assessed by echocardiography and 24-h urinary albumin measurement. Masked hypertension was defined as normal office BP (<140/90 mmHg) with elevated out-of-office BP (HBP ≥135/85 mmHg, daytime ABP ≥140/85 mmHg or both). Results HBP and ABP detected 10.6 and 11.4% of masked hypertension, respectively. Only 59% of patients diagnosed as masked hypertensive with ABP measurement also had masked hypertension on HBP measurement. Masked hypertensive patients had higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and serum insulin levels than normotensive individuals. They also had greater waist-to-hip ratio than sustained hypertensive individuals. Target organ damage in masked hypertension was between that of normotension and that of sustained hypertension. Office normotensive individuals with elevated HBP tended to have higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage than patients with elevated ABP. Conclusion HBP and ABP detect a similar, but not an identical, group of masked hypertensive individuals. Their agreement in the diagnosis of masked hypertension is only moderate. Our results suggest that HBP measurement can be used to diagnose masked hypertension, but this diagnosis is not analogous with that made with ABP measurement.