Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis growth by Australian native plants used traditionally as antibacterial medicines

Introduction: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is often fatal if left untreated. Many Australian plants have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptics, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. This study examines the ability of selected Australian plant extracts to inhibit B. anthracis growth. Methods: Solvent extracts were prepared using plants with documented ethnobotanical usage to treat bacterial infections, or published antibacterial activity. The extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for the ability to inhibit the growth of an environmental strain of B. anthracis. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus baileyana and Eucalyptus major displayed potent antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay against B. anthracis. The methanolic extracts were particularly potent with MIC values as low as 290 μg/mL (E. major methanolic extract). Tasmannia insipidia and Tasmannia stipitata extracts also inhibited B. anthracis growth, albeit with low efficacy. The E. baileyana and E. major methanolic leaf extracts as well as the E. baileyana aqueous leaf extract induced significant mortality in the Artemia fransiscana bioassay, with LC50 values substantially <1000 μg/mL, indicating the toxicity of these extracts. Conclusion: The potent inhibitory bioactivity of the E. baileyana and E. major extracts against B. anthracis demonstrate their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of anthrax. However, their toxicity indicates that their use may be limited to the treatment of the cutaneous form of the disease, or for sterilisation of infected sites.
Experimental performance investigation and case study of combined desalination and power generation

This paper presents experimental performance data of a total flow combined desalination and power generation system. A twophase flow simple reaction turbine has been used in this system which operates on the trilateral flash cycle. Hot saline water is used as the working fluid. The hot water supply temperature is varied from 80oC to 95oC, while the condenser is maintained at about 35oC to 45oC. This paper examines the concept of using the trilateral flash cycle for combined desalination and power generation from saline water in the salt affected areas using geothermal energy. The basic working principle of the combined desalination and power generation system is presented followed by discussions of the governing equations and the thermodynamics of the proposed system. Experimental setup and the test results are briefly explained to give an idea of the performance of the proposed system in a laboratory scale. Later it is shown how a combined desalination and power generation system can be coupled with conventional solar water heaters to boost the fluid temperature when the geothermal resource is at low temperature. Following the introduction of this concept the preliminary design is presented for combined desalination and power generation plant that would use saline water from hot water springs in the western coast of India and provide drinking water for a small coastal village with 20 houses (i.e. approximately 80 people with drinking water need of around 3 L/day/person). Most of the hot water springs along the western coast of India have temperature of around 60oC and hence possibility of boosting the temperature using bio mass or solar thermal energy will also be explored. Attempts are also made to provide some information on the basic economics of such a system.
BOLTS UNDER COMBINED TENSION AND SHEAR

Prior investigations of the load-bearing capacity of bolts during fire have shown differing behaviour between bolts that have been loaded by shear or by tensile loads. A combination of the two loads has not yet been examined under fire conditions. This paper describes a series of tests on high-strength bolts of property class 10.9 both during and after fire under a combined shear and tensile load.
Resource partitioning in the communities of terrestrial turtles: a review of the evidences

In this study I reviewed the studies on the community organization of terrestrial turtles to examine the main patterns of resource partitioning, and to predict whether interspecifi c competition may be or may not be an important organizing force for these ectotherms. These reptiles exhibit four (nearly) constant ecological/life-history traits that may affect the role and the infl uence of interspecifi c competition: (i) low species richness, (ii) high longevity, (iii) herbivorous/omnivorous dietary habits, and (iv) low population density. Based on the expectations derived from these ecological characteristics, I predicted that interspecifi c competition should be of lesser relevance for these turtle communities than for other reptilian communities (lizards, snakes). After reviewing the international literature, I concluded that most of the turtle communities around the world appear currently uninfl uenced by interspecifi c competition. Much of their species diversity refl ects geographic replacement of one species by another. In the regions of the world where two or more species are sympatric, current interspecifi c competition is also of relatively low importance, because the sympatric species tend to partition very clearly the spatial axis or the food axis. By Monte Carlo simulations of niche overlap data versus current niche overlap data at a geographic region in tropical Africa where the community ecology of three sympatric species of terrestrial turtles, three of scincid lizards, four of chameleons, and nineteen of snakes, was accurately studied, I concluded that the interspecifi c competition among turtles was statistically lower than that among these other reptiles, with the spatial niche being the niche dimension most clearly partitioned by turtles in comparison with the other ectotherms. Hence, terrestrial turtles would be unusual among reptiles with respect to the un-infl uence of the competition process for their community ecology
CORRELATION BETWEEN KINEMATICAL VARIABLES OF CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING TECHNIQUE AND SKIER'S PERFORMANCE

Within the comprehensive supervision of crosscountry skiing training, it is necessary to pay attention to the monitoring of the technique, carried out by means of analysis of movement performed by competitors during competitions. By means of a computer program, the filmed shots are transformed into a humanoid, who performs movements in a coordinate space [4]. The calculation of the space coordinates represents the basis by means of which movement can be divided into individual segments and can be separately and independently observed and analysed. In several studies [2, 3] researchers have attempted to analyze kinematic variables and their relationship to velocity during Olympic and World Cup competitions. Their intent was to identify the characteristics common for successful competitors. The measurements were undertaken at different slope inclinations, requiring execution of different elements of the cross-country skiing technique. To negotiate more demanding ascents in the skating technique, the so-called shorter two-skating stride, also called V1 skate, “alternate stride” or “offset” skate [1] is used. With respect to the highly demanding level of race trails in competitions of the highest rank, the said component represents one of the most important elements in the structure of the competition result attained by crosscountry skier. The aim of the study was to examine a component of cross-country skiing technique − the shorter two-skate stride in competition situations. The study of the selected kinematic variables was made possible with the use of 3-D kinematic analysis. As the analysis was carried out both times in the same section of the competition trail and in the same conditions, the first goal was to establish if statistically important differences in individual kinematic variables under study occurred over the race distance. We were also interested in what proportion of the variability of the criterion variable can be explained in the respective analysed parts of the race distance by the thus selected cluster of kinematic variables.
Association between Lateral Epicondylalgia and Upper ExtremityAnthropometric Measurements: A Case Control Study

Objectives: Directional asymmetry is a measure of departure from bilateral symmetry. In the upper extremities, directional asymmetry can be determined by comparing the anthropometric measurements of arm length, elbow circumference and elbow breadth of individuals with and without Lateral epicondylalgia. This study aimed to detect the presence of significant directional asymmetry in the upper extremities of individuals with Lateral epicondylalgia. Methods: Potential case and control participants were recruited from January 2011 to September 2011 in Manila, Philippines. To qualify as a case with Lateral epicondylalgia in the study, participants must have lateral elbow pain on at least one elbow, which was replicated by at least one of the provocation tests (Cozen, Mill or Maudsley test). A single case was ideally matched with two control participants based on gender, age, and occupation. Bilateral arm length, elbow circumference (at the level of the elbow joint, at 5cm above and 5cm below the elbow joint) were measured by the senior physiotherapist. The odds ratio using the using a General Linear Model Univariate Analysis approach was applied to examine the relationship between the differences in the upper extremity anthropometric measurements, diagnosis of LE (case or control) and hand dominance (right or left). Results: 52 individuals with 48 unilateral elbow pain and 4 bilateral elbow pain were eligible for the study. The cases were matched with 99 control participants with 198 non-symptomatic elbows. Hand dominance was found to be significantly associated with elbow circumferential measurements taken at the level of the lateral epicondyle, 5cm above the lateral epicondyle and 5cm below the lateral epicondyle (p 0.05) Conclusion: Arm length, elbow circumference, and elbow breadth were not associated with Lateral epicondylalgia in our sample.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Web-Based Versus In-Class Textbook Ethics Instruction on Accounting Students’ Propensity to Whistle-Blow

The authors examined whether accounting students’ propensity to whistle-blow differed between those instructed through a web-based teaching module and those exposed to a traditional in-class textbook-focused approach. A total of 156 students from a second-year financial accounting course participated in the study. Ninety students utilized the web-based module whereas 66 students were instructed through a traditional teaching approach based on ethical problems presented in the textbook. Subsequently, when presented with a whistle-blowing situation, it was found that students exposed to a web-based ethics instruction module were more likely to whistle-blow than those students exposed to a traditional in-class textbook ethics instruction approach.
Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Based Composites Containing Alumina Whiskers: Influence of Filler Functionalization on Dielectric Properties

Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is one of the most widely used semicrystalline thermoplastics polyester because of its superior thermal and mechanical properties, high dimensional stability and excellent processability. In this research PBT-based nanocomposites, including various amounts (up to 10 wt%) of commercial alumina whiskers, have been prepared by using a Brabender internal chamber mixer and analysed in terms of morphological features and dielectric properties. Specific attention has been focused on the effect of the filler functionalization considering 3-glycidoxy propylmethoxysilane (GPS) or 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as coupling agents. Tests, performed on compounds filled with neat and functionalized alumina whiskers, show a clear dependence of relative dielectric permittivity , invariance of dissipation factor (), and a sensible increase of volume electrical resistivity with the filler’s content and are encouraging for a future introduction of such composites in many electrical applications.
Infectivity comparison between “red” and “green” isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 1976 (Rhabditida: Nematoda) in relation to temperature

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature on the infective efficacy of 3 isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (IH-C3, IH-C6, IH-C13) associated with green strains of Photorhabdus luminescens (infected larvae of Galleria mellonella L. turn green) in comparison with 3 isolates of H. bacteriophora (IH-ME2, IH-LU1, IH-CE1) associated with red strains of Photorhabdus luminescens (infected larvae turn red). The percentage of larval mortality was recorded after a 72-h exposure period to the infective juvenile nematodes (Ijs) at various temperatures between 10°C and 35°C, at intervals of 5°C. For all nematode strains the highest larval mortality was recorded at 25-30°C. The data showed that temperature had a significant influence on host mortality for all H. bacteriophora isolates tested. Strain IH-CE1 showed the highest larval mortality percentage for the range 20-35°C. There were no significant differences among red and green isolates at the same temperatures except for one case: at 20°C the red isolates were more virulent than green ones. Key words: entomopathogenic nematodes, pine forest, olive-grove, maize field, bioassay. CONFRONTO DI PATOGENICITA TRA CEPPI “ROSSI” E “VERDI” DI HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA POINAR 1976 (RHABDITIDA: NEMATODA) IN RELAZIONE ALLA TEMPERATURA. E stata valutata la patogenicita di 3 isolati Italiani di Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (IH-C3, IH- C6, IH-C13), il cui batterio simbionte Photorhabdus luminescens fa diventare le larve test di colore verde, con 3 isolati di H. bacteriophora (IH-ME2, IH-LU1, IH-CE1) che colorano le larve infe- state di rosso. I dati sulla mortalita sono stati rilevati 72 ore dopo aver sottoposto larve di Galleria mellonella ad una sospensione acquosa di 1000 Ijs/ml. a 10-15-20-25-30-35 °C. Per tutti gli isolati il tasso di mortalita piu elevato si e verificato tra i 25 e i 30°C. IH-CE1 ha ucciso un maggior numero di larve di G. mellonella tra i 20 e i 35°C. Alle diverse temperature testate non si sono avute differenze significative tra gli “isolati rossi” e quelli “verdi”; soltanto a 20°C gli “isolati rossi” hanno mostrato una maggiore patogenicita nei confronti con gli ” isolati verdi”. Parole chiave: nematodi entomopatogeni, pineta, oliveto, campo di mais, test di patogenicita.
Dental Implants as a Treatment Modality: Awareness Survey among People of Ahmedabad

Aim: To assess the sources, level of awareness, and need for information about dental implants among patients attending the outpatient ward of department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted on 300 patients attending the outpatient ward department of prosthodontics, Government dental college and hospital, Ahmedabad. A printed questionnaire was used to evaluate the awareness about dental implants. Result: Out of 300 patients only 41.33% had heard about the implant as treatment modality and most of them were of 16 to 30 age group (53.33%). For most of the participants, dentist was the main sources of information about dental implants (69.35%), and most of them were found to have interest to know about implants. 45.33% were willing to go under the treatment if needed, while 52.67% cited high costs as the main reason for refusal of the treatment if needed. Conclusion: Patient should be informed about implants by conducting and implementing various public awareness campaigns, counseling centers should be established in patient outpatient ward in Prosthodontic departments of dental colleges and in private dental clinics. It also concludes that various efforts should be made by the public sector to lower the cost of implants so that they can be made affordable to all who are in need and to improve their oral health.
Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Quality of Accounting Information: A Review of Evidence

The purpose of this review is to provide evidence on whether the adoption of IFRS by countries which had their own accounting standards has had any effect on quality of accounting information thereafter. This review argues that much as IFRS adoption could have a significant effect on financial reporting in relation to reported accounting information and numbers, IFRS application alone, is not sufficient to reduce on the opportunistic behavior of managers. Hence, effective enforcement of IFRS standards by strong institutional framework and monitoring and supervisory systems is necessary to reduce opportunistic behavior of managers. Therefore combination of high quality standards like IFRS and effective corporate governance systems is necessary to enhance the quality of accounting information.
PHOTOPROTECTIVE ACCLIMATION OF XANTHOPHYLL PIGMENTS TO HIGH LIGHT IN MARINE DIATOMS

さらに北海道サロマ湖にて、珪藻が優占するアイスアルジー群集の光保護機構の応答を数分から数時間の短時間の規模 で調べた。 暗所適応した温帯性珪藻 Thalassiosira weissflogii を光飽和の明暗周期下に移行すると、最大光合成量子収率 (Fv/Fm)と細胞数が増加し、それらが最大値を示した 2 日目以降に DT と NPQ は増加した。 さらに、弱光適応した T. weissflogiiを始めとする温帯性珪藻 3 種およびアイスアルジー群集の DT と NPQ は、強光照射して 1 分から 120 分の間 にも増加した。 120分間強光照射し続けると、キサントフィルサイクル由来ではない DTの新たな合成が見られた温帯性 珪藻 3種は、新たな DTの合成が起こらなかったアイスアルジー群集よりも Fv/Fmの減少は小さく、過剰な光エネルギー による損傷が比較的小さかった。 温帯性珪藻 3 種において新たに合成された DT は、NPQ との間に直接的な関係性を示 さなかった。 新たな DTの合成が起こらなかったアイスアルジー群集は DTと NPQの間に直線関係を示したが、NPQ全
A study of vortex ring generation by a circular disc with its application in bionic investigation

Numerical simulation on a vortex ring generated by an impulsive started disc is studied. Commercial CFD software is used for the numerical simulation. Modelling results are compared with previous experimental data. The circulation, vortex core position and symmetric breaking time are discussed at two different velocities. Results show that a larger velocity leads to a greater vortex ring circulation, a shorter developing time for occurring asymmetry phase comparing with a smaller velocity.
Formation of Porosity in Al-Si Alloys

Porosity is one of the major defects in aluminum castings and results in a decrease of the mechanical properties of Al- Si alloys. It is induced by two mechanisms: solidification shrinkage and gas segregat ion. One of the methods for complex evaluation of macro and micro porosity in Al- Si alloys is using the Tatur test technique. This article deals with the evaluation of porosity with the help of Tatur tests for selected Al- Si alloys. These results will be compared with results obtained from the ProCAST simulation software.
Injection of energetic protons during solar eruption on 1999 May 9: Effect of flare and coronal mass ejection

A solar energetic particle (SEP) event was observed on 1999 May 9 by the Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron instrument (ERNE) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft in association with a coronal mass ejection (CME) and X-ray flare at the western limb. Near flare onset the active region coronal loop structure was seen to erupt and simultaneous blue and red shift velocities of the hot plasma were recorded by the SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) instrument onboard SOHO. We observe for the first time three periods of the SEP injection in a single event: (i) the first, extremely-hard spectrum injection triggered by the passage of the flare initiated coronal (shock) wave; (ii) a moderately-hard spectrum phase starting about half a hour later, proceeding and ceasing concurrently with metric continuum radio burst; (iii) a prolonged soft spectrum injection dominating in the late phase of the event, after about 1.5 h from the first proton production. The CME bow shock acceleration provides a straightforward explanation of the final spectral redressing, whereas the first acceleration seems triggered by the flare. These observations lead us to conclude that the 1999 May 9 SEP event was caused by a combination of coronal and interplanetary acceleration processes contributing with varying importance at different stages of the solar eruption associated with both flare and CME. Comparison with other events suggests that it is a common property of mixed SEP events.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA

The purpose of the study was to determine the psychological factors predicting entrepreneurial intentions of University undergraduate students. The design for the study was a correlation survey design. The area for the study covered all Federal Universities of Technology in North East Nigeria, with a population of 3700, when split, 2000 and 1700 are from ATBU, Bauchi and MAUTECH, Yola respectively. Stratified proportionate sampling technique was employed to arrive at 348 students, using Krejcie and Morgan table for determining sample. When split, 188 and 160 students are from ATBU and MAUTECH respectively. Two structured questionnaires, namely, PFQ and EIQ used for data collection were adapted from four different authors. The PFQ comprises of 41, while the EIQ contains 12 items. Results obtained in the pilot tested questionnaires revealed Cronbach’s alpha of PFQ and EIQ to be 0.784 and 0.730 respectively. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS (Version 20). Findings of the study revealed that all the three independent variables were found to be significant with the dependent variable, as well as all variables combined were found to have been positive in predicting the dependent variable. Finally, conclusions were reached and recommendations made.
Board quality and the performance of Indonesian listed companies

This paper provides an analysis on the effect of board quality on company performance. Using a sample of 133 companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange in the year 2007, this study specifically examines whether multiple directorships, director shareholding and board independence (i.e. proxies for board quality) can be associated with company financial performance. This study also investigates the effect of audit committee characteristics (as proxied by audit committee independence and financial expertise) on company performance, while controlling for the effects of leverage and size. With regard to board quality, the results indicate that only board independence is found to be associated with performance, though in the opposite direction. The direction of influence suggests that having too many independent directors (i.e. non-executive) might slow down the business as they might have a lack of detailed knowledge about the company’s business, and are more concerned about their gatekeeper role. As expected, leverage and size are found to have a significant influence on company performance.