Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Persistent Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

Refractory auditory hallucinations warrant evidence-based pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. The current psychotropic medications have only modest anti-hallucinatory effect and the efficacy of non-pharmacological therapies is not well established. While clozapine seems to have the maximum anti-hallucinatory effect, some patients remain super-refractory even to clozapine treatment. Thus, going forward research should focus on the discovery of a derivative of clozapine that is free from the haematological side-effects, as this could lead to remarkable advancements in the treatment of schizophrenia. Recent years have witnessed an interest in the development of various forms of non-pharmacological approaches to addressing this problem alongside pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy alone may not be the answer to refractory auditory hallucinations and a greater spectrum of non-pharmacological therapies is clearly needed. In this work, different forms of non-pharmacological therapies are reviewed, including CBT, which has gained popularity as a psychological intervention and an efficacious form of voice therapy. Antipsychotics are also reviewed, revealing that, despite having only modest anti-hallucinatory properties, they are essential for reducing the psychic pain and correcting the underlying psychotic process.
Out, Damned Spot: Can the “Macbeth Effect” Be Replicated?

Zhong and Liljenquist (2006) reported evidence of a “Macbeth Effect” in social psychology: a threat to people's moral purity leads them to seek, literally, to cleanse themselves. In an attempt to build upon these findings, we conducted a series of direct replications of Study 2 from Z&L's seminal report. We used Z&L's original materials and methods, investigated samples that were more representative of the general population, investigated samples from different countries and cultures, and substantially increased the power of our statistical tests. Despite multiple good-faith efforts, however, we were unable to detect a “Macbeth Effect” in any of our experiments. We discuss these findings in the context of recent concerns about replicability in the field of experimental social psychology.
Water, Melting, and the Deep Earth H 2 O Cycle

Hydrous melting driven by changes in H2O storage capacity may occur in a variety of settings in the mantle, including in oceanic basalt sources and in deeper regions above and below the transition zone. The 50–200 ppm H2O in the upper mantle likely derives from a blend of sources that may include residues of hydrous partial melting, either in the deep mantle and/or beneath arcs or oceanic islands. Relative to the large storage capacity in the transition zone, low storage capacities above and below may lead to hydrous melting for material upwelling through 410 km or downwelling through 670 km. The apparently very low storage capacity of the lower mantle (<20 ppm H2O) may force melting even if downwelling rocks have normal upper mantle H2O (50–200 ppm) concentrations. Very low storage capacity in the lower mantle, if verified experimentally, presents a challenge to the view that the H2O-rich sources of oceanic island basalts reside in the lower mantle.
Recommendations for assessing cognitive risks in young children treated for ependymoma for clinical and research protocols: evidence from a systematic literature review

Background: Current treatment approaches for pediatric ependymoma differ between North American and European studies. Post-surgical adjuvant irradiation is used in children aged <36 months in North America, whilst European approaches use chemotherapy to avoid or defer radiotherapy until three years of age, in order to avoid late neurocognitive toxicity. To establish evidence for the effects of cranial radiotherapy in children aged <36 months with ependymoma on neurocognitive outcomes, we conducted a systematic literature review assessing methodological approaches for measuring neurocognitive outcome. Methods: Eight databases were selected to perform an advanced search, retrieval and systematic review of papers describing neurocognitive outcome in children diagnosed with ependymoma who received cranial radiotherapy at <36 months. Results: Limitations of published data permitted descriptive analysis only. Considerable variation in reporting survival rates, techniques and timing of psychometric testing and the results of neurocognitive outcomes was identified. Conclusions: The review identified significant inconsistencies of neurocognitive testing, particularly literacy skills, developmental time points for testing and methods of data reporting. The role of the cerebellum for cognitive development, especially reading, has been inadequately evaluated in published studies. Recommendations are made to improve assessment methods, and time points for testing, so that reports do not fail to identify children who acquire deficits as they mature through childhood and adolescence. We conclude that claims that radiation treatment for ependymoma administered aged <36 months is associated with limited neurocognitive consequences, are not supported by the literature.
Atomic data for astrophysics: Fe x soft X-ray lines

New atomic calculations for Fe x are presented. They focus on the need to model the soft X-ray spectrum and in particular the line at 94.0 A which is the dominant contribution to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 94 A band in quiet Sun conditions. This line, and others in the band, are due to strong decays from n = 4 levels. We present new large-scale R-matrix (up to n = 4) and distorted-wave (DW, up to n = 6) scattering calculations for electron collisional excitation and compare them to earlier work. We find significant discrepancies with previous calculations. We show that resonances significantly increase the cross-sections for excitations from the ground state to some n = 4 levels, in particular to those in the 3s2 3p4 4s configuration. Cascading from higher levels is also important. We suggest a new identification for the 3s 3p62S1/2–3s 3p5 4s 2P3/2 transition, that has a predicted intensity larger than the decays from the 3s2 3p4 4s levels which were identified by Edlen in 1936. The results presented here are relevant to our understanding of transitions from n = 4 levels in a wide range of other ions.
La educación a distancia en México: Narrativa de una historia silenciosa

Martha Diana Bosco Hernandez, Presidenta de la Academia Mexicana de Profesionales de Educacion Abierta y a Distancia, vicepresidenta de Innovacion de la Academia Mexicana de la Ciencia en Sistemas, academica de la Facultad de Filosofia y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
COLLARS IN PSL ( 2 , H )

Let M = H/Γ denote a 4-dimensional oriented hyperbolic manifold of finite volume. By identifying Iso (H) with PSL(2,H) , we construct embedded tubular neighborhoods around short simple closed geodesics in M whose collar width depends on the length of g , only. We show that two non-intersecting short geodesics have disjoint collars. Moreover, the constructed collars do not intersect the canonical cusps associated to parabolic elements in Γ. Finally, we discuss some applications and provide bounds for the injectivity radius and the number of short simple closed geodesics in M . 0. Introduction Consider the group of orientation preserving Möbius transformations of Ê = E ∪ {∞} which acts by direct isometries on hyperbolic 4-space realized in the upper half space model. As such, the group Iso(H) can be identified with the group PSL(2,H) of Clifford matrices with quaternion coefficients (cf. Section 1). In this setting, we study the geometry of discrete groups in Iso(H) and quotient manifolds of finite volume. The main result of this paper is a collar theorem for hyperbolic 4-manifolds M providing around each simple closed geodesic g in M of length l ≤ l0 = ( √ 3 /4π) log 2 ' 0.06622 an embedded tubular neighborhood whose collar width depends on the length l of g , only (cf. Section 2.1). One important tool in the proof (cf. Section 2.2) is the inequality for discrete non-elementary two generator groups of Clifford matrices due to P. Waterman [Wat] which generalizes the wellknown trace inequality for PSL(2,C) . Moreover, we make use of properties of the generalized cross ratio for an ordered quadruple of vectors in a Clifford algebra as developed by C. Cao and P. Waterman [CW, Section 6]. In the remaining part of Section 2, we prove some results about the size and the position of the collars in the thin part of M . In Section 2.3, we show that distinct simple closed geodesics have disjoint collars. In Section 2.4, we investigate parabolic group elements and cusps in a non-compact manifold M of finite volume (cf. also [K2]). We show that the canonical cusps and the collars do not intersect in M . Moreover, for a sequence of loxodromic elements converging to a parabolic 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 53C22, 53C25, 57S30, 51N25, 15A45. Partially supported by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds No. 2000-050579.97.
1 Formation of Deformation-Induced Products in a 2 Metastable β-titanium Alloy during High 3 Temperature Compression 4

A metastable β-Ti alloy, Ti–10V–3Fe–3Al (wt.%), was subjected to thermos-mechanical 17 processing including the compression test at 725°C, which is below the β transus temperature 18 (780°C), and at strain rate of 10-3s-1. The presence of phases was determined using transmission 19 electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Although the dynamic recovery took place together with 20 slip, both deformation-induced α ̋ martensite and ω were detected as other operating mechanisms 21 for the first time in metastable-β Ti alloys deformed in α+β region. The volume fraction of stress22 induced α ̋ was higher than that of the same alloy deformed at room temperature due to higher 23 strain applied. Stress-induced twinning was not operational, which could be related to the priority 24 of slip mechanism at high temperature resulted from thermally-assisted nucleation and lateral 25 migration of kink-pairs. 26
Knowledge, Knowledge Work and Organizations: An Overview and Interpretation

There is current interest in the competitive advantage that knowledge may provide for organizations and in the significance of knowledge workers, organ izational competencies and knowledge-intensive firms. Yet the concept of knowledge is complex and its relevance to organization theory has been insuf ficiently developed. The paper offers a review and critique of current approaches, and outlines an alternative. First, common images of knowledge in the organizational literature as embodied, embedded, embrained, encultured and encoded are identified and, to summarize popular writings on knowledge work, a typology of organizations and knowledge types is constructed. How ever, traditional assumptions about knowledge, upon which most current speculation about organizational knowledge is based, offer a compartmental ized and static approach to the subject. Drawing from recent studies of the impact of new technologies and from debates in philosophy, linguistics, social theory and cognitive science, the second part of the paper introduces an altern ative. Knowledge (or, more appropriately, knowing) is analyzed as an active process that is mediated, situated, provisional, pragmatic and contested. Rather than documenting the types of knowledge that capitalism currently demands the approach suggests that attention should be focused on the (culturally located) systems through which people achieve their knowing, on the changes that are occurring within such systems, and on the processes through which new knowledge may be generated.
Workplace Pedagogic Practices: Co–participation and Learning

This paper advances tentative bases for understanding workplace pedagogic practices. It draws on a series of studies examining learning through everyday work activities and guided learning in the workplace. These studies identified the contributions and limitations of these learning experiences. However, whether referring to the activities and interactions arising through work or intentional guided learning, the quality and likely contributions of these learning experiences are underpinned by workplace participatory practices. These practices comprise the reciprocal process of how workplaces afford participation and how individuals elect to engage with the work practice, termed co–participation. Workplace experiences are not informal. They are a product of the historical–cultural practices and situational factors that constitute the particular work practice, which in turn distributes opportunities for participation to individuals or cohorts of individuals. That is, they shape the conduct of work and learning through these practices. However, how individuals construe what is afforded by the workplace shapes how they elect to engage in that practice and learn. There is no separation between engaging in conscious thought – such as when participating in socially derived activities and interactions – and learning. Learning is conceptualised as an inter–psychological process of participation in social practices such as workplaces. It is not reserved for activities and interactions intentionally organised for learning (e.g. those in educational institutions). Nevertheless, particular kinds of activities are likely to have particular learning consequences, regardless of whether they occur in the workplace or in educational institutions. The significance of co–participation is discussed in terms of the affordance of the workplace and individuals’ construction of that affordance and subsequent engagement. Co–participation is proposed as a platform to build an understanding of workplace pedagogic practices. This includes understanding the likely contributions of learning through everyday work activities and the use of intentional workplace learning strategies, such as guided workplace learning (e.g. modelling, coaching, questioning, etc.). Instances of co–participatory practices are illustrated and discussed. Following this, a tentative scheme, founded in socio–historical activity theory, is advanced as a means for describing the requirements for work and bases for participation. The scheme comprises two dimensions: activities and interdependencies.
Progress Report on MIMO Research : Fall 2005

During Fall 2005, we investigated the performance of bit interleaved coded multiple beamforming with OFDM (BICMB-OFDM) for frequency selective channels. We provide interleaver design criteria such that the resulting system achieves full spatial multiplexing of min(N, M) and full spatial and frequency diversity of NML for a system with N transmit and M receive antennas over L-tap frequency selective channels when an appropriate convolutional code is used. Simulation results show that BICMB-OFDM provides substantial performance gain when compared to the best spatial multiplexing systems.
THE IMPORTANCE OF “ EXTRAGENITAL SYMPTOMS ” DURING MENOPAUSE

Focusing more closely on the question of climacteric symptoms and by listing these symptoms in an order of occur­ rence, one finds that nearly 90% of the effects of sexual hormones are of an extragenital nature and that, therefore, the use of the expression “sexual” to describe these hormones is too much of a restriction in terms of a functional analysis (fig 1). The term “extragenital target organs” was chosen to account for the fact that it was only in the past 20 to 30 years that the whole variety of target organs became known and gave rise to a more specific discussion and understanding. It was our colleague, Dr Markus Metka, from the Gynecological Department of the Vienna General Hospital, who was one of the first to address this issue and to deal with it comprehensively [1]. The working group which he organised for that purpose drew the attention of specialists from the various disciplines to the interac­ tions of sexual hormones and got them involved in further research. One of the main tasks of this working group was to objectively discuss and study the “target organs” which had previously hardly attracted any interest. The variety of climacteric symptoms and the effects of long-term oestrogen substitution on the body, as mentioned above, requires a view of sexual ster­ oids that reaches beyond the sexual sphere. It is from that perspective that
Sodium-calcium interactions under salinity stress 205 CHAPTER 10 SODIUM-CALCIUM INTERACTIONS UNDER SALINITY STRESS

There are a wide range of responses of plants to salinity which involve interactions of Na with Ca. Plant processes such as growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition, water and ion transport are affected by these Na-Ca interactions. Many of these responses can be linked to the direct Na-Ca interactions at the surface of the plasma membrane and subsequent Ca signaling events. 10.1. General Effects of Salinity Salinity affects plant growth through ionic and osmotic effects. Sometimes these effects are distinct from each other; sometimes these effects overlap. The difference in a plant’s response to a given level of salinity is dependent upon the concentration and composition of the ions in solution as well as the genotype that is exposed to the salinity. Once the importance of Ca in the external solution was fully appreciated (Epstein, 1961), there was a large increase in the number of experiments that focused on the interactions of Na with Ca in plants. Na-Ca interactions are particularly apparent in plants when the Na:Ca ratio in the external solution is above 17 (Greenway and Munns, 1980), but again the plant response will vary with genotype. 10.2. General Characteristics of Na and Ca 10.2. 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Na AND Ca
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF AN ANISOTROPIC UNIVERSE MODEL: SYSTEMATICS AND POLARIZATION

We revisit the anisotropic universe model previously developed by Ackerman, Carroll, and Wise (ACW), and generalize both the theoretical and computational framework to include polarization and various forms of systematic effects. We apply our new tools to simulated Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data in order to understand the potential impact of asymmetric beams, noise misestimation, and potential zodiacal light emission. We find that neither has any significant impact on the results. We next show that the previously reported ACW signal is also present in the one-year WMAP temperature sky map presented by Liu & Li, where data cuts are more aggressive. Finally, we re-analyze the five-year WMAP data taking into account a previously neglected -term in the signal covariance matrix. We still find a strong detection of a preferred direction in the temperature map. Including multipoles up to ℓ = 400, the anisotropy amplitude for the W band is found to be g = 0.29 ± 0.031, nonzero at 9σ. However, the corresponding preferred direction is also shifted very close to the ecliptic poles at (l, b) = (96, 30), in agreement with the analysis of Hanson & Lewis, indicating that the signal is aligned along the plane of the solar system. This strongly suggests that the signal is not of cosmological origin, but most likely is a product of an unknown systematic effect. Determining the nature of the systematic effect is of vital importance, as it might affect other cosmological conclusions from the WMAP experiment. Finally, we provide a forecast for the Planck experiment including polarization.
Erythrina, a Potential Source of Chemicals from the Neotropics

R. Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Rosario Garcia-Mateos, Ruben San Miguel-Chavez, Geoffrey Kite, Mariano Martinez-Vazquez and Ana C. Ramos-Valdivia 1Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo Mexico, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Preparatoria Agricola, Mexico, 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, 3Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Quimica Mexico, 4Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco, 1,3,4Mexico 2UK
Identification and Prediction of Latent Classes of Hikers Based on Specialization and Place Attachment

The purpose of this study is to extend previous research by combining the specialization and place attachment concepts. Applying a latent profile analysis (LPA) to data from hikers on the Olle Trail of Jeju Island in South Korea (N = 428), we classified hikers who share similar profiles based on multiple dimensions of specialization and place attachment, and examined correlates of the derived typologies for drawing managerial implications. We also explored associations between these typologies and outcome variables of hikers. LPA identified three subgroups: “novice” (38%), “affection-driven” (40%), and “expert” (22%). The findings indicated that these groups differed in their past experience and socio-demographic characteristics, such that the “affection-driven” and “expert” groups have more experience in the setting than the “novice” group. These typologies also showed significant associations with hikers’ satisfaction and revisit intention; thus, “novice” hikers tended to be less satisfied with their hiking and the setting. Furthermore, the “novice” group reported lower intention to revisit the setting. Our findings reveal that LPA can be a useful tool for identifying subgroups of individuals who have engaged in particular sets of strategies by incorporating multiple activity-place dimensions.
Human Leukocyte Elastase Is an Endogenous Ligand for the Integrin CR 3 ( C D l l b / C D 1 8 , Mac-l , c ~ [ 32 ) and Modulates Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Adhesion

Integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD 18, Mac-l, 0~a[32) mediates the transient adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to surfaces coated with fibrinogen, C3bi, ICAM-1, and other ligands. Recent studies (Cai, T.-Q., and S.D. Wright. 1995.J. Biol. Chem. 270:14358) suggest that adhesion may be favored by stimulus-dependent changes in the kinetics of ligand binding by CR3. Cell detachment, on the other hand, must occur by a different mechanism because binding kinetics cannot affect cell adhesion after binding of ligand has occurred. We have sought a mechanism that would reverse binding of ligand to CR3 and report here that lysates of PMN contain an endogenous ligand that binds CR3 and competes the binding of C3bi. Purification and sequence analysis identified the structurally homologous azurophilic granule proteins, elastase, protease 3, and azurocidin as candidates. Studies with purified elastase and azurocidin showed that each bound specifically to purified, immobilized CR3. Elastase may play a role in modulating integrin-mediated ceil adhesion because it is expressed at the cell surface, and the expression level is inversely proportional to cell adhesivity. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody against elastase prevented detachment of PMN from fibrinogen-coated surfaces and blocked chemotaxis, confirming a role for this protein in regulating integrin-mediated adhesion. These studies suggest a model for release of integrin-mediated cell adhesion in which endogenous ligands such as elastase may release adhesion by "eluting" substrate-bound ligand. A role for the proteolytic activity of elastase appears likely but is not demonstrated in this study.