Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of enrofloxacin therapy on shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle

The effect of enrofloxacin therapy was investigated in 110 male double-muscled cattle weighing 275 +/- 3 kg, during a spontaneous outbreak of shipping fever occurring 11 +/- 2 days after they arrived in the feedlot. Forty-six diseased animals were divided randomly into three groups A, B and C, containing 17, 19 and 10 animals, respectively; the animals in group A were injected intramuscularly once daily for three consecutive days with 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin, those in group B with 5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin and those in group C with 10 mg/kg of oxytetracycline. Clinical, serological, production and respiratory functional observations were recorded. The animals were clinically cured after the three day treatment except for three in group A and two in group C. These five animals made a clinical recovery after a three day booster treatment with a dose of 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin. The changes in respiratory gas exchange values induced by shipping fever were completely reversed 15 days later, suggesting that there had been no irreversible lung damage. The daily weight gains and the arterial blood gas values of the three groups of treated cattle were not significantly different. The high efficacy of the low dosage of enrofloxacin in this clinical syndrome may be explained by its antibacterial activity against Pasteurella species and Mycoplasma species. This field trial supports the in vitro studies which suggested than enrofloxacin is an appropriate therapy in cases of shipping fever.
Modelling the growth, survival and death of Listeria monocytogenes

In this paper, the predictive microbiology approach has been generalized to the study of growth, survival and death of Listeria monocytogenes. As this micro‐organism is involved in food poisoning, its growth, survival and death were studied as functions of low temperatures, NaCl and phenol compounds, in a synthetic medium, by a factorially designed experiment. A significant inactivation of L. monocytogenes was obtained with 20 ppm of phenol and 4% (w/v) NaCl at temperatures from 4 to 12°C. An empirical model is proposed to describe, in a single step, the biomass profile vs studied factors. Thereby, the influence of temperature, NaCl and phenol concentration on L. monocytogenes biomass quantity (0·5–8 log cfu ml−1) are presented as a function of storage duration. The comparisons of the proposed model with existing models (Gompertz for growth, vitalistic for survival and death) were performed. The use of a single equation allows the prediction of contamination levels in all experimental conditions without knowledge a priori. The model offers considerable prospects for its use in food microbiology.
The Variability of Immunoglobulins and Albumin in Salivary Secretions of Children

The variation of concentrations of immunoglobulins and albumin in consecutive daily collections of saliva was studied m 33 infants, aged 6 months to 5 years, for periods ranging from 16 to 26 days. The concentration and the within‐child variability of IgA and albumin and the detection of IgG and IgM in saliva increased with age. Between‐child variances were greater than the within‐child variances by a factor of 2.8 for log (IgA) and 1.3 for log (albumin). The geometric mean IgA levels were consistently higher and IgG was detected more frequency during upper respiratory tract infections compared with periods of non‐infection. There were no changes in albumin levels between infection and non‐infection periods, suggesting a local immune response rather than serum leakage. There were significant within‐child correlations (autocorrelations) between levels of IgA in saliva collected on consecutive days and samples collected up to 3 days apart. The autocorrelations between levels of albumin were significant for samples collected up to 2 days apart. The autocorrelation for IgA was significantly greater during infection periods compared with non‐infection periods FOR samples collected on consecutive days.
Perceived Neighborhood Conditions and Depression: Positive Local News as a Buffering Factor

ABSTRACT This study investigates positive local news as a moderator of the effects of perceived neighborhood conditions on depression. Data from an online survey of Chicago residents indicate that the relationship between fear of crime and depression is weaker for respondents who pay more attention to positive local news. Data also reveal that the indirect relationships that perceived neighborhood disorder and crime have with depression through fear of crime are weaker as attention to positive local news increases. Implications are discussed for the role of positive news as a protective factor for mental health.
Clinical and pathological characterisation of primary pulmonary hypertension in a dog

Primary pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed in an eight-year-old labrador retriever on the basis of echocardiographic findings of severe right ventricular eccentric hypertrophy, abnormally high systolic and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressures calculated by applying the modified Bernoulli equation to the tricuspid and pulmonary insufficiency peak velocities, and the absence of any underlying disease known to cause secondary pulmonary hypertension. The clinical abnormalities developed gradually, from exercise intolerance starting early in life to terminal right-sided congestive heart failure. Consistent histopathological findings were severe intimal and medial thickening of small arteries and arterioles that led to vascular obliteration.
Role of the nucleotide‐binding domain‐like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with high mortality rates, involves renal inflammation related to the activation of innate immunity. The inflammatory response in AKI involves the inflammasome, which integrates danger signals into caspase‐1‐activating platforms, leading to the processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18. The nucleotide‐binding domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a role in the development of many diseases, including AKI. However, the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome translates different danger signals into the expression of proinflammatory cytokines remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in renal injury in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis‐induced AKI. CLP decreased blood pressure and increased serum creatinine levels and neutrophil infiltration into the kidney in parallel with the upregulation of NLRP3, the adaptor protein apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein, and caspase‐1 expression and activity in kidney tissues, and increases in the serum and kidney levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Genetic deletion of NLRP3 reversed the CLP‐induced reduction in blood pressure and increases in serum creatinine level and neutrophil infiltration, and attenuated the CLP‐induced upregulation of apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein, caspase‐1 expression and activity, and the secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐18, similarly to the effects of caspase‐1 inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development of hypotension and the inflammatory response of AKI, suggesting its possible role as a therapeutic target for the treatment of kidney diseases.
The role of body flexibility in stroke enhancements for finite-length undulatory swimmers in viscoelastic fluids

The role of passive body dynamics on the kinematics of swimming micro-organisms in complex fluids is investigated. Asymptotic analysis of small-amplitude motions of a finite-length undulatory swimmer in a Stokes–Oldroyd-B fluid is used to predict shape changes that result as body elasticity and fluid elasticity are varied. Results from the analysis are compared with numerical simulations and the numerically simulated shape changes agree with the analysis at both small and large amplitudes, even for strongly elastic flows. We compute a stroke-induced swimming speed that accounts for the shape changes, but not additional effects of fluid elasticity. Elasticity-induced shape changes lead to larger-amplitude strokes for sufficiently soft swimmers in a viscoelastic fluid, and these stroke boosts can lead to swimming speed-ups. However, for the strokes we examine, we find that additional effects of fluid elasticity generically result in a slow-down. Our high amplitude strokes in strongly elastic flows lead to a qualitatively different regime in which highly concentrated elastic stresses accumulate near swimmer bodies and dramatic slow-downs are seen.
Blood platelet production: a novel approach for practical optimization

BACKGROUND: The challenge of production and inventory management for blood platelets (PLTs) is the requirement to meet highly uncertain demands. Shortages are to be minimized, if not to be avoided at all. Overproduction, in turn, leads to high levels of outdating as PLTs have a limited “shelf life. ” Outdating is to be minimized for ethical and cost reasons.
conferenceseries.iop.org materials science and engineering open access proceedings IOP Conferences Series: Materials Science and Engineering

In order to understand the mechanisms involved in the extraction processes developed to separate minor actinides, the “ligand/metallic cation” complexes formed in the organic phases are characterized by electrospray ionization-mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS). This paper deals with the application of the ESI-MS technique to analyze americium complexes in organic solutions. Two extractant systems are investigated : 1/ organic solutions of nitrogen polydentate extractants such as 6,6’-bis(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’-bipyridines (BTBPs) and 2/ organic solutions composed of mixture of a malonamide and a dialkylphosphoric acid.
Childhood sleep duration and lifelong mortality risk.

OBJECTIVE Sleep duration is known to significantly affect health in adults and children, but little is understood about long-term associations. This prospective cohort study is the first to examine whether childhood sleep duration is associated with lifelong mortality risk. METHOD Data from childhood were refined and mortality data collected for 1,145 participants from the Terman Life Cycle Study. Participants were born between 1904 and 1915, lived to at least 1940, and had complete age, bedtime, and waketime data at initial data collection (1917-1926). Homogeneity of the cohort sample (intelligent, mostly White) limits generality but provides natural control of common confounds. Through 2009, 1,039 participants had confirmed deaths. Sleep duration was calculated as the difference between each child's bed and wake times. Age-adjusted sleep (deviation from that predicted by age) was computed. Cox proportional hazards survival models evaluated childhood sleep duration as a predictor of mortality separately by sex, controlling for baseline age. RESULTS For males, a quadratic relation emerged: Male children who underslept or overslept compared with peers were at increased risk of lifelong all-cause mortality (HR = 1.15, CIs [1.05, 1.27]). Effect sizes were smaller and nonsignificant in females (HR = 1.02, CIs [0.91, 1.14]). CONCLUSIONS Male children with shorter or longer sleep durations than expected for their age were at increased risk of death at any given age in adulthood. The findings suggest that sleep may be a core biobehavioral trait, with implications for new models of sleep and health throughout the entire life span.
Assessment in undergraduate psychiatric education

Summary. An assessment of medical Students' psychiatric performance demonstrated no association between the ability to rate psycho‐pathology or to observe interview behaviour and traditional written methods of academic achievement. This is in accordance with those few studies which have addressed this issue and indicates that there may well be at least three independent skills involved in clinical decision‐making: the ability to observe psychopathology; the ability to engage in interpersonal interaction and elicit information; and the ability to acquire and use academic knowledge. This is consistent with work suggesting that maturational and learning processes influence clinical reasoning, and demonstrates that each component should be addressed in assessing students in psychiatry.
Access to diabetes services: the experiences of Bangladeshi people in Bradford, UK

Recent years have seen a renewed emphasis in UK healthcare policy on access to services, yet there has been little research into possible inequalities in access for people from different ethnic backgrounds. This paper examines access from the point of view of a group of Bangladeshi people with diabetes, whose views were obtained as part of a wider evaluation of diabetes services. Their message is a powerful one. The problems they experienced, however, cannot be attributed solely to cultural insensitivity, in which providers adopt a ‘like it or lump it’ approach. The wider evaluation provides a context within which to identify similarities with, as well as differences from, other groups in the community, and the findings show that the experiences of this vulnerable group highlight more general weaknesses in service provision. The paper also shows that conventional analysis of access in terms of barriers to be overcome misses a crucial dimension: the ability to make full use of services. Gaining access does not mean that needs will be met appropriately, and patients vary in the extent to which they are able and enabled to play an active role in obtaining the services they need.
Relationship between sea surface temperature and surface air temperature over Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean

Climatology and relationship of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Surface Air Temperature (SAT) over the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean north of 15 o S are examined on annual and seasonal time scales using the Voluntary Observing Ships data for a period of 40 years (1961-2000). Seasonally, spatial patterns of climatological SST indicate large northward spread of temperatures greater than 28 o C from winter to summer in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. During monsoon season, there is appreciable cooling in the western half of the Arabian Sea while the entire Bay of Bengal still remains warm (>28 o C). The SST and SAT correlation coefficients are quite high over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean as compared to the Bay of Bengal, providing a good justification for using SST as an indicator of SAT variability over these regions. Relationship between SST and SAT indicates same variance over the Arabian Sea and large parts of the north Indian Ocean. But variance ratios of SST and SAT over the Bay of Bengal are quite high for all seasons, indicating a less energetic atmosphere causing smaller SAT variance as compared to SST variance over the area. The striking feature of the mean SST and SAT difference field is the change from strong winter patterns to weak monsoon patterns for sensible heat exchange over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
Information Quality , Systematic Risk and the Cost of Capital ∗

Most models that examine the relationship between information quality and cost of capital do so in a single firm setting, and predict that the relationship is negative. Given the lack of consistent empirical support for this prediction, we reconsider this relationship in a setup where covariance risk, and not variance risk, determines the cost of capital. We allow investors to independently learn about systematic risk-factors and firm-specific betas. We show that an increase in information quality of either type (systematic or firm-specific) has two effects on a firm’s expected returns: (i) a “beta” effect which decreases expected returns when beta is positive, but increases expected returns when beta is negative, and (ii) a “convexity” effect which generally increases the expected returns. We test these predictions using proxies for systematic information quality based on the VIX and firm-specific information quality based on analyst forecasts and accruals quality, and find evidence consistent with our predictions. ∗We have benefited from comments from Andres Almazan, John Core, Lorenzo Garlappi, Mike Faulkender, Mike Fishman, Yaniv Konchitchki, Bob Korajczyk, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Dimitris Papanikolaou, Jonathan Parker, Mitchell Petersen, Ernst Schaumburg, Viktor Todorov, and seminar participants at the University of Toronto. All errors are our own. †The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, email: carms@wharton.upenn. edu ‡Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, email: snehalbanerjee@kellogg.northwestern. edu §McCombs School of Business, University of Texas, email: Carlos.Corona@mccombs.utexas. edu
The Rational Zero Point for an Illness Index With Ratio Properties

To be of greatest use for the measurement of significant variations in treatment outcomes, a health status index should have ratio properties. Previous attempts to construct such a scale using the magnitude estimation technique have failed, principally because of an inappropriate choice for the zero point. By rejecting death as the logical zero point for a scale of social preference and choosing instead the absence of that being measured (dysfunction and discomfort), the authors attained reliable values from patients, for an illness index, using magnitude estimation. This type of scale allows comparative judgments between treatment methods to be made with greater validity. It should aid in the wise allocation of health care resources
Dynamic hyporheic and riparian flow path geometry through base flow recession in two headwater mountain stream corridors

The hydrologic connectivity between streams and their valley bottoms (stream corridor) is a critical determinant of their ecological function. Ecological functions are known to be spatially and temporally variable, but spatial dimensions of the problem are not easily quantified and thus they are usually overlooked. To estimate the spatial patterns of connectivity, and how connectivity varies with changes in discharge, we developed the hyporheic potential model. We used the model to interpret a series of solute tracer injections in two headwater mountain streams with contrasting valley bottom morphologies to estimate connectivity in the stream corridor. The distributions of flow path origination locations and the lengths of hyporheic flow paths appear to vary with base flow recession, even in cases where transport timescales are apparently unchanged. The modeled distribution of origination locations further allowed us to define a spatial analog to the temporal window of detection associated with solute tracer studies, and enables assessment of connectivity dynamics between streams and their corridors. Altogether, the reduced complexity hyporheic potential model provides an easy way to anticipate the spatial distribution and origination locations of hyporheic flow paths from a basic understanding of the valley bottom characteristics and solute transport timescales.
Complete nucleotide sequence of wild-type hepatitis A virus: comparison with different strains of hepatitis A virus and other picornaviruses

The complete nucleotide sequence of wild-type hepatitis A virus (HAV) HM-175 was determined. The sequence was compared with that of a cell culture-adapted HAV strain (R. Najarian, D. Caput, W. Gee, S.J. Potter, A. Renard, J. Merryweather, G.V. Nest, and D. Dina, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2627-2631, 1985). Both strains have a genome length of 7,478 nucleotides followed by a poly(A) tail, and both encode a polyprotein of 2,227 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed 624 nucleotide differences (91.7% identity) but only 34 amino acid differences (98.5% identity). All of the dipeptide cleavage sites mapped in this study were conserved between the two strains. The sequences of these two HAV strains were compared with the partial sequences of three other HAV strains. Most amino acid differences were located in the capsid region, especially in VP1. Whereas changes in amino acids were localized to certain portions of the genome, nucleotide differences occurred randomly throughout the genome. The most extensive nucleotide homology between the strains was in the 5' noncoding region (96% identity for cell culture-adapted strains versus wild type; greater than 99% identity among cell culture-adapted strains). HAV proteins are less homologous with those of any other picornavirus than the latter proteins are when compared with each other. When the sequences of wild-type and cell culture-adapted HAV strains are compared, the nucleotide differences in the 5' noncoding region and the amino acid differences in the capsid region suggest areas that may contain markers for cell culture adaptation and for attenuation.
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Stimulates Flowering and Induce Defense Related Proteins in Finger Millet Plants

Induction of defense related proteins, such as chitinase, protease inhibitor, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase was studied in finger millet plants treated with salicylic acid. Treated plants showed changes in the isoform pattern with new isoformsof chitinase,protease inhibitor, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment stimulates flowering and grain set. Induction of defense related proteins in salicylic acid treated finger millet plants may play a role in disease resistance.
Geometrical Stiffness of Thin-Walled I-Beam Element Based on Rigid-Beam Assemblage Concept

Using conventional virtual work method to derive geometric stiffness of a thin-walled beam element, researchers usually have to deal with nonlinear strains with high order terms and the induced moments caused by cross sectional stress results under rotations. To simplify the laborious procedure, this study decomposes an I-beam element into three narrow beam components in conjunction with geometrical hypothesis of rigid cross section. Then let us adopt Yang et al.’s simplified geometric stiffness matrix [kg]12x12 of a rigid beam element as the basis of geometric stiffness of a narrow beam element. Finally, we can use rigid beam assemblage and stiffness transformation procedure to derivate the geometric stiffness matrix [kg]14x14 of an I-beam element, in which two nodal warping deformations are included. From the derived [kg]14x14 matrix, it can take into account the nature of various rotational moments, such as semi-tangential (ST) property for St. Venant torque and quasi-tangential (QT) property for both bending moment and warping torque. The applicability of the proposed [kg]14x14 matrix to buckling problem and geometric nonlinear analysis of loaded I-shaped beam structures will be verified and compared with the results presented in existing literatures. Moreover, the post-buckling behavior of a centrally-load web-tapered I-beam with warping restraints will be investigated as well.
Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine Phosphorylation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Thai Patients and Healthy Volunteers

ABSTRACT We assessed the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) in plasma and intracellular ZDV phosphate anabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Thai human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected patients and healthy volunteers. The plasma ZDV area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 6 h (AUC0–6) was similar in patients and healthy volunteers (32.77 and 22.77 μmol/liter · h, respectively; confidence interval, −3.37 to 19.92). Although the concentration of ZDV triphosphate (ZDVTP) was similar in the two groups, the ZDV monophosphate (ZDVMP) AUC0–6 was significantly greater in HIV patients (1.12 pmol/106 cells) than in healthy volunteers (0.15 pmol/106 cells). In agreement with previously published data obtained with Caucasians, the significant difference in intracellular phosphorylation in Thai volunteers and HIV patients is primarily due to ZDVMP. Comparing the data from this study with the data obtained with Caucasians suggests no marked ethnic differences in ZDV phosphorylation.