Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Diversity of Assembly Histories Leading to Disc Galaxy Formation in a ΛCDM Model

Abstract Disc galaxies forming in a LambdaCDM cosmology often experience violent mergers. The fact that disc galaxies are ubiquitous suggests that quiescent histories are not necessary. Modern cosmological simulations can now obtain realistic populations of disc galaxies, but it is still unclear how discs manage to survive massive mergers. Here we use a suite of hydrodynamical cosmological simulations to elucidate the fate of discs encountering massive mergers. We follow the changes in the post-merger disc-to-total ratios (D/T) of simulated galaxies and examine the relations between their present-day morphology, assembly history and gas fractions. We find that approximately half of present-day disc galaxies underwent at least one merger with a satellite more massive the host's stellar component and a third had mergers with satellites three times as massive. These mergers lead to a sharp, but often temporary, decrease in the D/T of the hosts, implying that discs are usually disrupted but then quickly re-grow. To do so, high cold gas fractions are required post-merger, as well as a relatively quiescent recent history (over a few Gyrs before z = 0). Our results show that discs can form via diverse merger pathways and that quiescent histories are not the dominant mode of disc formation.
Nutritional and Sensory Value of Conventionally vs. Organically Grown Chinese Radish ( Raphanus Sativus L. var. longipinnatus )

Jurica M. , Petřikova K. , 2014. Nutritional and sensory value of conventionally vs organically grown Chinese radish ( Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus). Hort. Sci. (Prague), 41: 64–70. The nutritional and sensory value of Chinese radish, cv. Jarola F1, grown in organic and conventional systems was evaluated. The experiments were based on certified organic land and conventional land of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague at the experimental station of Troja. Radish was grown in two spacings. Radish from the organic cul tivation system exhibited a significantly lower dry matter content compared to the conventional production, 62.4 g/kg and 68.9 g/kg, respectively. This can be explained by growing under unwoven textile. Furthermore, radish cultivated organically had a significantly lower content of monosaccharides (17.2 mg/kg, while the conventional production con tained 26.1 mg/kg) and significantly higher contents of nitrates. The content of vitamin C in organic production tended to be higher (212 mg/kg, in conventional production 169 mg/kg). The crude fibre content or the content of minerals was not significantly affected by the growing system. Growing spacing did not affect the nutritional value. Organically produced radish had better sensorial evaluation.
Effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and isolation on the density, species richness, and distribution of ladybeetles in manipulated alfalfa landscapes

Abstract 1. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main causes of changes in the distribution and abundance of organisms, and are usually considered to negatively affect the abundance and species richness of organisms in a landscape. Nevertheless, habitat loss and fragmentation have often been confused, and the reported negative effects may only be the result of habitat loss alone, with habitat fragmentation having nil or even positive effects on abundance and species richness.
The Effect of Pre Exercise Carbohydrate Consumption on Cognitive Function

The Effect of Pre Exercise Carbohydrate Consumption on Cognitive Function Glucose supplementation before exercise has been shown to improve exogenous glucose availability which may alter cognitive function. We tested the consumption of two carbohydrate containing drinks, Performance Drink® (PD) and Gatorade® (GA) prior to exercise to determine if they will result in a higher blood glucose level during prolonged exercise compared with a water placebo (PL). We hypothesize that in a hydrated state there will be a cognitive function decline after two hours of exercise on a cycle ergometer. This cognitive decline will be lessened with carbohydrate supplementation. Furthermore, work output will be highest with carbohydrate supplementation.
A finite element study of the onset of vortex shedding in a flow past two-dimensional circular cylinder

The objective of this investigation is to study the onset of vortex shedding. The simulation of the flow throws deep insight into the wake-zone dynamics. The diagnostic tools such as Fast Fourier Transform and phase portrait are used to understand the wake dynamics better. Furthermore, a stability analysis is accomplished by involving the complex Stuart-Landau model. The critical value of the Reynolds number is estimated from the Landau constants that correspond to the non-linearity. Three different blockages were considered in this study and are found that the critical values of the Reynolds number and the Strouhal number are sensitive to the blockage ratio. The Landau model was suggested for the local wake variable rather than a global variable. The bifurcation diagram, culminated from the simulation results, clearly reveals the occurrence of super critical Hopf bifurcation.
A conceptual model and analytical framework for studying purchasing & supply management within SMEs

The central objective of this conceptual paper is to gain a better understanding under what circumstances purchasing and supply activities within Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are managed. Purchasing & Supply Management (PS Management) within SMEs differs from that in large enterprises. SMEs have different organisational settings and are not small versions of large enterprises. Whilst there is abundant literature on SMEs as well as on PSM, there is only little literature on PSM within SMEs. PSM research within SMEs must consider specific characteristics such as informal organisation, less specialization in business functions and less available resources. SME management will focus more on the overall operations and less on specific business functions. The approach of SME management to inward-bound purchasing and supply activities is often holistic; its approach to outward-bound purchasing and supply activities is characterized by a relative dependent position in supply chains. This paper proposes a conceptual model to explain the relationship between the governance of purchasing and supply activities and their purchasing and supply performance. The paper adopted the Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) with levels of integration to describe five governance types. To explain the relation between these governance types and performance, the paper includes the TCT-related moderating variables general uncertainty (macro and meso environment) and asset specificity (meso environment). It also introduces the moderating variables SME characteristics and management characteristics and business model. From this conceptual model the paper then develops an analytical framework which describes the five governance types and the circumstances under which they are idealtypically sustained. The conceptual model and analytical framework combine different domains of literature to enhance the understanding of the different forms of purchasing and supply activities within an SME context. Combining these different domains gives beneficial insights that cannot be found in the separate literature domains. The applying model and framework in empirical research will enable the design of management instruments. Hence this paper is a starting point into purchasing and supply management research within SMEs aimed at supporting SMEs in their performance.
RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO DIFFERENT DOSES OF ZnSO4 UNDER THAL DESERT ENVIRONMENT

Effect of Zn as Zinc sulphate on wheat crop cultivar ‘AS-2002’ was investigated through field experiments laid out at Adaptive Research Farm and Farmer’s fields under arid environment of Thal desert at Karor district Layyah during Rabi 2005-06 and 2006-07. Levels of ZnSO4 (33%) applied were 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 kg ha -1 . As evidenced by the grain yield successive increase in grain yield was witnessed with each incremental dose of Zn reaching the threshold level of ZnSO4 at 22.5 kg ha -1 . But, for the economic gains in terms of each Rupee invested in Zinc, 7.5 kg ZnSO4 coupled with recommended dose of NPK generated the maximum return (1:4.08) based on the mean performance at both locations and averaged over the two year studies. The Zn application at 22.5 kg ha -1 having the mean CBR of 2.93 emerged as the next remunerative treatment in the studies. Thus, in the light of our findings it is recommended that alongwith the recommended dose of NPK at 114-84-62 kg NPK ha -1 , ZnSO4 33% may be applied with the first irrigation either at 7.5 or 22.5 kg ha -1 for the highest economic returns in wheat production under the agro-ecological conditions of Thal desert. Further studies are suggested to elaborate the present findings.
ISOLATION OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS USING PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS

Brucella transmission and epidemiology depend on infecting species and biovar. Therefore, exact identification of the Brucella is important to design correct control and treatment strategies. In this study, we examined presence of other Brucellae in Isfahan. One hundred twenty Brucella isolates were collected and genomic DNA was extracted from them. omp2a fragment of all isolates were amplified using a pair of specific primers and the PCR products were electrophoresed and stained with EtBr. These PCR products were then restricted using PstI restriction endonuclease. The PCR products of all isolates had the same size of 1100bp. The banding pattern of PCR-RFLP for all of the isolates were similar to banding pattern of the Brucella melitensis biotype 1 except for 5 samples that demonstrated banding pattern similar to B. abortus. Based on our results, it is clear that biotype 1 of the B. melitensis is not the only Brucella present in Isfahan and now B. abortus is also present in our area. These results are very important in planning for the control of the disease as well epidemiology and even treatment of the patients.
A Model for Supply Chain Performance of Electronics Industry in Malaysia

During the last decades supply chain issues have attracted researchers and industrialists’ attention especially in manufacturing-based industries. Enhancing supply chain performance can significantly affect firm’s competitive position within competitive markets and provide the enterprise with competitive advantage over its rivals. Based on the existing literature in the context of supply chain, this study tries to present a model for supply chain performance. The conceptual model presented in this study consists of supply chain design, information sharing, flexibility, delivery and supply chain performance and the electronics industry in Malaysia is selected as the population of this study in order to test the model by using the data collected from the industry. The model is investigated through path analysis and then by using factor analysis, Friedman test and paired sign test the variables are identified and the priority of each variable is investigated. The model presented by this study can be employed as a platform by Malaysian electronics manufacturing companies in order to improve their supply chain performance and obtain competitive advantage within local and foreign markets.
Histological and Histochemical Alterations Induced by Phenol Exposure in Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) Juveniles

he present study inspects the effect of phenol as one of environmental xenobiotic compound on the histology and histocemistry of liver, gills and spleen of Oreochromis aureus (O.aureus) juveniles. Fish were subjected to three sub-lethal concentrations of phenol (20%, 40% and 80% of LC50) for seven days. The liver, gills and spleen were studied from the histopathological and histochemical point of sight. Histopathological changes viz degeneration, necrosis, severe hemorrhage pynknosis and distinct cellular proliferation in the prescribed organs of fishes exposed to phenol were observed. Further, detachment of gill epithelium (GE), marked proliferation of gill epithelium (Hyperplasia, H) with distinct shortening of lamellae were recorded. Even though, complete fusion of gill lamellae, enhanced connective tissue disposition and blood permeation were also induced due to phenol exposure. Furthermore, histochemical annotations affirmed reduction of carbohydrate store due to oxidative stress caused by phenol publicity. Marked rise of gills mucoplysaccharides which impedes fish respiration were reported. DNA was also amplified in tested organs after phenol exposure, signifying carcinogenesis of phenol.
Microwave power dependent properties of ferroelectric varactors

Ferroelectrics, especially in paraelectric phase, are widely considered for microwave applications. The main feature, that’s makes them attractive for tuneable microwave applications, is the DC field non-linear dependent dielectric permittivity. A large number of tuneable microwave devices and systems have been demonstrated in the past [1], In general, the microwave power dependence of film parameters is an undesirable effect [2], however when properly designed, ferroelectric components may be used in harmonic generators and mixers. In this work we report preliminary results of nonlinearity measurements of parallel-plate ferroelectric varactors integrated on Si wafers. The first reports on experimental investigation of nonlinearities in BaxSr1-xTiO3 based ceramics date back to 1950s and early 1960s. DiDomenico et al [3] report the first successful demonstration of a 3 harmonic generator in 1962. Recently 2 harmonic generation was demonstrated [4], by applying DC bias. Samoilova et al. [5] reported frequency conversion (harmonic generation) experiment in a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) with a ferroelectric film. Where as Booth et al [6] uses a CPW with Ba0.3Sr0. 7TiO3 film, the non-linear capacitance C by using two approaches: i) third harmonic generation, and ii) C(VDC) measurements at microwave frequencies. It was shown that the non-linear capacitance C determined from C(VDC) measurements is in excellent agreement with the one found from third harmonic generation experiment, this leads to the conclusion that ferroelectric devices might be tuned with nanosecond speeds. To study nonlinearities Kozyrev et al [2] designed a resonator loaded by a ferroelectric capacitor, using both a single signal as well as intermediation distortion, which confirmed previous results [3]. Kozyrev et al also gives a simple theory for estimation of overheating of the ferroelectrics films at high power levels, and it was shown that the power handling capability of a ferroelectric tuneable filter may be as high as 3.5 W. Experiments and more detailed analysis of the microwave heating on nonlinearities are given elsewhere [7]. In this work, we used simple, on-chip microprobe reflection measurements to determine microwave power dependence of the capacitance of parallel-plate ferroelectric varactors. It is shown that the nonlinear parameters estimated from this experiment are in good agreement with the nonlinear parameters found from C(VDC) measurements at low frequencies. Hence, nonlinear parameters found from simple C(VDC) measurements may be used in the development of microwave devices, such as harmonic generators and mixers.
Teachers’ views on the role of visualisation and didactical intentions regarding proof.

In this paper we explore secondary teachers’ views on the role of visualisation in the justification of a claim in the mathematics classroom and how these views could influence instruction. We engaged 91 teachers with tasks that invited them to: reflect on/solve a mathematical problem; examine flawed (fictional) student solutions; and, describe, in writing, feedback to students. Eleven teachers were also interviewed. Here we draw on the interviews and the responses to one Task (which involved recognising a line as a tangent to a curve at an inflection point) of two teachers. We do so in order to explore potential influences on the didactical contract regarding proof that these teachers are likely to offer their students. One such influence is the clarity and stability of their beliefs about the role of visualisation.
AN ANALYSIS OF SOUND FOR FAULT ENGINE

Various types of faults of the gasoline engine may result in similar symptoms. Sound analysis of engin e has been conducted to diagnose the engine faults. This study presents a study of sound analysis of the normal e ngine and the engine with three different fault conditions. T he gasoline engine was our target of this study. Th e engine sound has been recorded by using a microphone at the engine room for three directions. Three condition s of engine faults including the engine that is not smoo th while idling, the engine that goes missing while idling and the engine that has no power are simulated. In the signal processing of the sound, we use five signal features including fundamental frequency, long term spectrum, energy, long term cestrum and zero crossing rate. Thereafter, the important differences between normal engine and the fault engines are concluded. These proposed signal features can be used to discriminate all thr ee conditions and the engine with normal condition effectively.
MRI- Detected Breast Masses: Are CAD-Measured Kinetic Diversity Analyses Useful for Differential Diagnosis? A New Approach with Whole Lesion Curve Distribution Analysis.

Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-1901 / MRI- Detected Breast Masses: Are CAD-Measured Kinetic Diversity Analyses Useful for Differential Diagnosis? A New Approach with Whole Lesion Curve Distribution Analysis. " by: "A. Shimauchi1, H. Abe2, N. Mori1, H. Ota1, K. Takase1, S. Takahashi1, G. M. Newstead3; 1Sendai/JP, 2Chicago, IL/US, 3Winter Harbor, ME/US"
Multinational Corporations, Wages and Employment: Do Adjustment Costs Matter?

This paper investigates the extent to which expansion of international production by US multinational reduces labor demand at home and at other foreign locations. The few existing empirical studies on this subject maintain, along with firm’s cost minimizing behavior, perfectly variable inputs. In our view, this constitute s a strong restriction, which may seriously bias the short run cross-price elasticity estimates. We offer simple examples in which this is actually the case. We suggest an alternative approach to the problem, which explicitly considers for the presence of adjustment costs. A dynamic model of the firm is applied to estimate short-run and long-run cross-price elasticities between home and foreign labor. We find evidence of significant adjustment costs for employment in Latin American and Canadian affiliates, We also find that, in some instances, due to the presence of slow input adjustments, the complementarity/substitution relationship between employment in different international locations is reversed from the short to the long-run.
Does social capital really enhance community based ecotourism? A review of the literature

Community Based Ecotourism (CBET) is a unique type of tourism which was introduced as a way of alleviating the impact of tourism activities on the environment as well as striking a balance between local people and the natural environment. It is a responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people implying that there is a necessary social dimension to ecotourism. The results from the review of literature suggest that social capital plays a critical role in the successful CBET ventures. However, most CBET ventures are failing due to a number of problems such as unequal distribution of economic benefits, poor or lack marketing knowledge and poor infrastructure. This paper suggests that, there is a need for government intervention to help CBET ventures for them to be successful. It is argued in the paper that social capital can be a route through which the accumulation of other forms of capital can be achieved and contribute to enhancing sustainable community based ecotourism.
The logic of pension accounting

Abstract Accounting for pensions has been a problem for standard‐setters for over 30 years. Early attempts to develop accounting standards were based on a cost orientation and reflected funding considerations. More recently, a balance sheet focus has led to issues over identification and measurement of pension liabilities and assets. Accounting standards that permit enterprises to ignore, spread or segregate elements of pension cost, or to create artificial cost measures, are open to criticism and are gradually disappearing. The aim of a principle‐based pension accounting system will be to ‘tell it as it is’, fairly reflecting the rights and obligations of employers, employees and funding vehicles. This means, though, that these complex rights and obligations must be properly understood. By focusing on pension liabilities, this paper illustrates how accounting standards translate rights and obligations into numbers in financial statements.
On-farm post-harvest physical grain losses of “ Kaiso ” rice variety in Eastern Uganda

Rice, Oryza sativa is one of the major crops through which people in eastern Uganda particularly Butaleja district earn their livelihoods. Kaiso is the main swamp rice variety grown and marketed in the region. The smallholder farmers who are the majority use rudimentary technologies to undertake post-harvest operations. Technocrats and policy makers have observed and noted with concern that high physical grain losses are occurring along the various post-harvest operations. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to generate post-harvest physical grain losses of rice during harvesting, threshing, drying and cleaning at farms of smallholder farmers in Doho rice irrigation scheme. Methodology involved experiments using quadrants and social interviews based on participatory research techniques. A total of 48 farmers and 5 extensions officers were involved in the various parts of the study. The results showed that highest grain losses occur during harvesting and threshing and the average quantities were 6.7% (285.1 kg ha -1 of paddy) and 4.7% (183 kg ha -1 of paddy). The total average physical grain loss during harvesting, threshing, drying and cleaning was 13.5% (578.8 kg ha -1 of paddy). The results generated correlate well with similar findings in the Asian countries reported by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. Keywords: Eeastern Uganda, grain losses, physical, post-harvest, rice
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE WITH EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE ( A Lesson from PT . Wika Bitumen Jakarta-Buton )

In the business competition PT. WIKA Bitumen makes each employee a human capital. The human capital concept applies the quality of employees shall be improved through the competence training, knowledge, attributes, and abilities, which is manifested in the ability to work properly so as to generate economic value in development. The objective of this research is to find the influence of organizational culture and employee engagement, and to see the interrelationship of influence between these variables and strategies to improve the employee performance. This study uses primary data obtained from interviews by using questionnaires to employees of PT. Wika Bitumen. The number of respondents is 143 respondents. Employee engangement has a significant positive effect on the performance of PT. Wika Bitumen then The results of organizational culture and employee engangement showes quite well influence. And organizational culture also has a good influence on the performance of employees PT. Wika Bitumen, It becomes an information for the company to find the best solution to create a good organizational culture for employees to be enggaged against the company and employee performance will increase.