Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New genus and species of southern Australian and Pacific Asterinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)

O’Loughlin, P.M. , 2002. New genus and species of southern Australian and Pacific Asterinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59(2): 277–296. The diagnostic characters of the Asterinidae species Asterina atyphoida H.L. Clark from southern Australia and Asterina gibbosa (Pennant) from the Atlantic, type species of Asterina Nardo, are reviewed. Asterina atyphoida is referred to Meridiastra gen. nov., with four other species: Meridiastra fissura sp. nov. and Meridiastra nigranota sp. nov. from southern Australia, Meridiastra rapa sp. nov. from the central south Pacific, and Meridiastra modesta (Verrill) from the Pacific coast of Panama and Mexico. Asterina agustincasoi Caso is synonymised with Meridiastra modesta (Verrill). Asterinides Verrill is recognised as a valid genus. Meridiastra fissura is fissiparous. Meridiastra is distributed from southern Australia to the Pacific coast of Mexico and Panama. A key is provided for the species of Meridiastra.
THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN SET-TYPE YOGURTS USING STATIC HEADSPACE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD

In this study, cows’ milk and aromatic cultures such as CH-1, YF-3331 and YC-350 used in production of yogurts. The volatile compounds in the samples were determined on the 1 st , 7 th , 14 th and 21 st days of storage by using static headspace gas chromatographic method. During storage, the amount of individual volatile compounds varied significantly in yogurts depending on type of culture used. The volatile compounds acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, acetoin, 2-furanmethanol and ethyl phthalate were determined in all samples. On day 1, acetaldehyde (82 mg/kg) was the highest compound in yogurt made using culture CH-1 which followed by yoghurts with YC-350 (66 mg/kg) and YF-3331 (54 mg/kg). Even though the amounts of acetaldehyde and ethanol decreased at the end of storage, acetoin increased in all the samples. While the amount of acetone in yogurt made using culture CH-1 showed fluctuations during storage, its levels in yogurts with cultures YF-3331 and YC-350 steadily increased and decreased, respectively.
Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Perennial weeds are an increasing challenge in organic farming in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to compare different tillage methods in the control of Elymus repens by using two intensified bare fallow strategies. Two field experiments consisted of three ploughing methods and seven fallow methods. The experiments were carried out in organic soils in Central Finland. The methods applied in the brief fallow before cereal sowing (exp. 1) were not effective enough against E. repens. Due to wet weather conditions in the spring the fallow period was limited to two weeks in both years, which did not seem to be enough time. In the late summer fallow after ley (exp. 2), the Kvick-Finn weed-cultivator destroyed E. repens very effectively; on average 5% of E. repens remained alive in the barley crop in the autumn of the following year. After use of ordinary cultivators 10% of E. repens remained alive, after use of the spade harrow 25% and after frequent mowing over 50% remained alive, respectively. As a result of effective E. repens control, barley yield was about 1000 kg ha-1 higher than without any fallow. In conclusion, effective control of E. repens is achieved with proper machinery and repeated treatments at the optimal time.
Multiphase Mineral Inclusions in Ferrikaersutite Megacrysts : Implications for Postmagmatic Alteration of the Kaersutite Host

Primary and secondary multiphase mineral inclusions, without preserved fluid are found in ferrikaersutite megacrysts from the Cenozoic Harrat Ash Sham Volcanic Field in Syria. Mineral phases in the inclusions are magnetite, hematite, pseudobrookite and pyrrhotite. The kaersutite megacrysts formed from a hydrous basanitic melt at depth. Silicate minerals in the inclusions are olivine, plagioclase, phlogopite, hornblende, clino- and orthopyroxene. These silicate minerals crystallized from melt penetration and infillings of veins and fractures in the kaersutite. Magnetite and pyrrhotite inclusion formed through magmatic crystallization which was followed by low temperature alteration and re-equilibration. Late stage near-surface alteration resulted in the formation of hematite, limonite and fine-grained weathering products which comprise high-Fe-Si-, Si-Mg-Al-, Si-Fe-Al-, Si-Al- and Si-Ti-Al-Fe-Ca-rich alterations. The composition of these late stage alteration products was governed by low-temperature post-magmatic alteration of kaersutite along cleavage planes and fractures.
Immigrant naturalization in the context of institutional diversity : policy matters, but to whom ?

Why do some immigrants naturalize and others not? while much of the literature emphasizes the importance of country of origin features and individual characteristics, there is surprisingly little systematic research on the relation between citizenship policies in destination countries and citizenship take-up among immigrants. Most research in this field draws on data from single country cases and has limited comparative scope. In this paper we analyze citizenship take-up among first generation immigrants in 16 european countries. We apply an explicit cross-national perspective and argue that immigrant naturalization in europe is determined not only by country of origin features and individual characteristics, but also by the opportunity structure set by the citizenship laws in the countries of origin and destination. We show that more accessible citizenship policies matter little for immigrants from highly developed countries, particularly those with fewer years of residence, but matter significantly for immigrants from less developed countries. As the composition of immigrant populations and citizenship policies across europe vary significantly, this comparative design is ideally suited to testing the relative importance of factors related to country of origin, individual background and legal opportunity structure.
New Insights on Planet Formation in WASP-47 from a Simultaneous Analysis of Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations

Measuring precise planet masses, densities, and orbital dynamics in individual planetary systems is an important pathway toward understanding planet formation. The WASP-47 system has an unusual architecture that motivates a complex formation theory. The system includes a hot Jupiter (“b”) neighbored by interior (“e”) and exterior (“d”) sub-Neptunes, and a long-period eccentric giant planet (“c”). We simultaneously modeled transit times from the Kepler K2 mission and 118 radial velocities to determine the precise masses, densities, and Keplerian orbital elements of the WASP-47 planets. Combining RVs and TTVs provides a better estimate of the mass of planet d ( ) than that obtained with only RVs ( ) or TTVs ( ). Planets e and d have high densities for their size, consistent with a history of photoevaporation and/or formation in a volatile-poor environment. Through our RV and TTV analysis, we find that the planetary orbits have eccentricities similar to the solar system planets. The WASP-47 system has three similarities to our own solar system: (1) the planetary orbits are nearly circular and coplanar, (2) the planets are not trapped in mean motion resonances, and (3) the planets have diverse compositions. None of the current single-process exoplanet formation theories adequately reproduce these three characteristics of the WASP-47 system (or our solar system). We propose that WASP-47, like the solar system, formed in two stages: first, the giant planets formed in a gas-rich disk and migrated to their present locations, and second, the high-density sub-Neptunes formed in situ in a gas-poor environment.
Automatic Detection of QRS Complex, P-Wave and T-Wave in the Electrocardiogram

Every third death in developed countries is caused by cardiac diseases, which are the number one cause of death. Duration and dynamic changes of certain intervals of the ECG are well established indicators in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Furthermore, several agencies require the assessment of the effect of newly developed drugs on the QT interval. Automated measurement and annotation of the ECG shows numerous advantages over manual methods, therefore the long term aim is to develop an all-in-one device for data acquisition and ECG analysis. The development process is conducted in different stages, whereas the first step and short term aim described in this paper consists of creating algorithms in MATLAB® and validating them against ECG signals manually annotated by medical experts. This early stage is followed by porting all algorithms to the aimed platform and finally by hardware-in-the-loop simulations coupling the measurement hardware with the MATLAB® model. The presented algorithm detects R peaks based on the signals amplitude and first derivative as well as RR intervals. False positive detections due to artifacts are prevented by analyzing the signal’s local statistic characteristics. These intermediate results are automatically classified to distinguish normal heartbeats from potential premature ventricular contractions. QRS complexes, P and T waves are detected by their first derivative for each class of heartbeats and are separately refined for each detected heartbeat. The algorithm has been verified against four PhysioNet databases and achieved a sensitivity of 98.5% and a positive predictive value of 98.3%, respectively. These results are promising, but further work is still required to implement the algorithm on an embedded system to build an easy to use all-in-one device. Introduction Every third death in the United States and actually nearly every second one in Europe is caused by cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]. Their main forms are coronary heart diseases, causing nearly half of all deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Coronary heart diseases are the most and second most common cause of death in Europe and the United States, respectively [1, 2]. Figure 1. Schematic representation of a normal heartbeat and its features seen on ECG (modified from [3]). Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widespread, noninvasive and painless technique to measure physiologic activity and pathologic changes of the myocardium. As shown in Figure 1, the tracing of one heartbeat consists of a P wave (atrial depolarization), a QRS complex (ventricular depolarization) and a T wave (ventricular repolarization). Several well-defined segments and intervals between these features are well established indicators in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases, most notably the PR interval (from the onset of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex) and the QT interval (from the onset of the QRS complex to the offset of the P
The effects of cattle pasture on soil fertility in the Brazilian Amazon: consequences for beef production sustainability.

Amazon rainforest is fast being replaced by cattle pastures as investors respond to financial incentives and the lure of new highways. The Brazilian government's encouragement of pasture is linked to claims that pasture improves soil fertility and therefore represents a "rational" means of development in the Amazon. A review of information related to the ongoing debate concerning soil fertility changes under pasture casts doubt both on the claims of improved fertility for pasture growth, and on the presumption of indefi­ nitely sustainable yields of beef cattle. Resum~ : La for(h pluviale amazonienne ('St remplacee rapidement par le p~turage, les investisseurs repondant aux stimulants financiers et a ! 'attraction des routes nouvelles. L'incitation du gouvernement bresilien pour l'elevage est liee aux declarations concernant l'accroissement de la fertilite du sol par la mise en place de ~turages que repr~senterait alors un moyen "rationnel" de developpement de l'Amazonie. L'examen des changements de fertilite du sol met en doute, tant les declarations relatives a ! 'augmentation de la fertilite en ce qui concerne la croissance de l'herbe, que celles relatives a la possibilite de maintenir des rendements identiques en viande. Resumen : La selva pluvial amazonica esta siendo rapidamente substituida por pastos de ganado mientras que los investidores respondan a los incentivos fiscales y a el atractivo de las carreteras nuevas. El incentivo del gobierno brasileno ,para los prados esta conec­ tado a las declaraciones que en el prado promueve Ia fertilidad del suelo y por lo tanto re­ presenta una manera "racional" de desarollo en la Amazonia, El examen de los cambios en la fertilidad del suelo coloca en duda tanto las declaraciones de promocion de la fertili­ dad del pun to de vista de crecimiento del prado, quanto el supuesto de producciones inde­ finidamente sostentables de ganado. Resumo : A floresta pluvial amaz6nica esta sendo rapidamente substituida por pastagens de gado na medida em que os investidores respondem aos incentivos financeiros e ao atrativo das novas estradas de rodagem. 0 incentivo do governo brasileiro para pas­ tagens esta ligado as declarao;:oes de que a pasta gem promove a fertilidade do solo e portanto representa urn meio "racional" de desenvolvimento na Amazonia. 0 exame das mudano;:as de fertilidade do solo poe em duvida tanto as declara<;oes de promoo;:ao de fertilidade do ponto de vista de crescimento da pasta gem, quanto a pressuposit;ao de produo;:oes indefinida­ mente sustentaveis de gado de corte.
Utilizing idealized mesoscale model simulations to aid the prediction of lake-effect snowstorms

Predicting the development, structure, movement, intensity, and total snowfall of lake-effect (LE) snowstorms continues to be a challenge for weather forecast offices in the Great Lakes region (e.g., Rothrock 1969, Niziol 1987, Burrows 1991, Niziol et al. 1995, Sousounis et al. 1999). These storms can often produce significant snow accumulations within very short time periods which may negatively impact transportation systems, limit business operations, cause significant property damage, and result in injuries and deaths due to accidents and exertion (Schmidlin 1993, Schmidlin and Kosarik 1999). The difficulty in predicting the development and evolution of LE snowstorms rests with the numerous parameters that influence the LE system (e.g., Hjelmfelt 1990, Laird et al. 2003a) and the complex atmospheric circulations that exist and interact across various spatial and temporal scales. The LE storms that frequently result in the greatest impacts are mesoscale systems typically associated with an individual lake. These systems are often characterized by a distinct morphology that may include widespread coverage, typically comprised of windparallel horizontal roll convection (e.g., Kristovich 1993, Kristovich and Laird 1998), shoreline bands (e.g., Passarelli and Braham 1981, Ballentine et al. 1998), mesoscale vortices (e.g., Forbes and Merritt 1984, Laird 1999) or an amalgamation of several morphologies. For this study, historically separated classifications of shore-parallel and mid-lake bands are consolidated into a single morphological regime called shoreline bands. Across the range of shoreline band events, overlake mesoscale low pressure and lower-tropospheric convergence occurs as a result of a linkage and balance between dynamical and surface diabatic forcing. Even though band intensity and position relative to the shoreline may differ depending on the primary forcing, the resulting LE morphology is often a single, coherent shoreline band capable of significant snowfall. An additional reason for consolidating shore-parallel and mid-lake bands into the shoreline band category was the use of LE cases identified by past studies. Not all previous studies have used the traditional LE classifications or have provided enough information to effectively discriminate between shore-parallel and mid-
Lateral heterogeneity of the upper mantle determined from the travel times of multiple ScS

We have extended our investigation of lateral variations in upper mantle shear velocity structure by employing multiple ScS phases. An analysis of 108 multiple ScS differential travel times indicates that to a first approximation, upper mantle heterogeneity as expressed in vertical, travel time differences can be correlated with surface tectonic features. Travel times for continental regions with Phanerozoic orogenic histories are significantly greater than those from Precambrian continental regions and correlate with heat flow. Oceanic regions have large delays relative to stable continental regions, and the travel time residuals show a consistent decay as a function of crustal age. The average one-way vertical shear wave travel time difference between oceans and stable continental regions is estimated to be +4.0±0.5 s, not significantly different from the value obtained in our previous study. These results support the hypothesis that shield ocean heterogeneity persists to great depths, probably exceeding 400 km. For shear waves with characteristic frequencies of 0.1 Hz, the two-way vertical travel time through the mantle of the spherically averaged earth is 937.3±1.0 s, about 3 s less than the value derived from eigenfrequency data and 1.6 s greater than the Jeffreys-Bullen value. This result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that the base line discrepancy between free oscillation models and classical body wave travel time models is because of continental bias in the travel times, but it is consistent with the hypothesis that the base line discrepancy is an expression of anelastic dispersion.
A comparison of using bulk and incremental isotopic analyses to establish weaning practices in the past

ABSTRACT The use of incremental carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis is gaining momentum as a way of establishing infant feeding practices in the past. Here we examine the differences in information gleaned through incremental isotopic techniques applied to individuals, relative to more commonly-used bulk isotopic sampling of a cross-section of a population. We use bulk sampling methods, which use bone collagen isotope values from multiple individuals, to construct Bayesian weaning curves for our samples. We then compare these results to individual weaning times established through incremental isotopic analysis of single deciduous teeth. Our results highlight that in contexts with high adult dietary variation it may not be possible to interpret weaning behaviour using cross-sectional techniques, and incremental isotopic analysis may be the only way of interpreting weaning behaviours. Our findings also suggest that cross-sectional analyses are the most useful way of creating population-scale interpretations of weaning behaviour within a sample. Incremental techniques, however, are necessary if we want to tell individual weaning stories and investigate the variation in infant-feeding present within the past.
VARIATION IN PHYSIO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME CULTIVARS OF SWEET POTATO

The present study was conducted to provide proximate analysis and identification of acidic glycoprotein from sweet potato cultivars. For this purpose, two sweet potato cultivars via. , White star (Pakistan) and Bearuegard (US) were analysed through BCA protein assay and electophoresis to determine true protien and identify protein banding pattern, respectively. When the sweet potatoes were fed to diabetic persons, the mean value of two hours postprandial blood glucose level were 296 mg/dl ± 111.34 in the control, glucose declined to 246 mg/dl ± 87.07 in White Star and marginally increased to 301 mg/dl ± 113.91 in Glucose + Caiapo treatment; substantially decreased to 216.29 ± 93.16 in White Star (Skin) despite fasting glucose level at 253 mg/dl and decreased to 257 mg/dl ± 98.90 in Beauregard treatment. The average value of two hours insulin varied from 5.21 µlŲ/mL ± 2.84 to 12.85 µlŲ/mL ± 6.35. The preliminary results supported the earlier studies that sweet potato has a blood glucose lowering effect on the person with diabetes and Caiapo showed the same results in normal subjects. White star and its skin showed better results than Beauregard as depicted by the postprandial glucose level and insulin response. These findings present a significant opportunity for the North Carolina, US and Pakistan farming community/ industry to consider developing new markets for sweet potato products that offer anti-diabetic health benefits.
Relationship among Fish Assemblages and Main-Channel-Border Physical Habitats in the Unimpounded Upper Mississippi River

Abstract Large rivers worldwide have been altered by the construction and maintenance of navigation channels, which include extensive bank revetments, wing dikes, and levees. Using 7 years of Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) data collected from the unimpounded upper Mississippi River, we investigated assemblages in two main-channel-border physical habitats—those with wing dikes and those without wing dikes. Fishes were captured using daytime electrofishing, mini-fyke netting, large hoop netting, and small hoop netting. Our objectives were to (1) assess associations among fish species richness, physical measurements, and main-channel-border physical habitats using stepwise multiple regression and indicator variables; (2) identify abundant adult and young-of-year (age-0) families in both physical habitats to further investigate assemblage composition; and (3) calculate standardized species richness estimates within each physical habitat for adult and age-0 fishes to provide additional informati.
A strategy for conservation of the Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata in Ladakh

Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. During the early twentieth century, it was distributed over a range of c. 20,000 km 2 in Ladakh, India. Although its conservation status is believed to be secure, our surveys initiated in 2000 found that the gazelle's population in Ladakh has undergone a precipitous decline. Today, c. fifty individuals sur­vive precariously in an area of c. 100 km 2 in eastern Ladakh. Population de­clines have also been reported from Tibet, which remains its stronghold. Local extinction of the gazelle in Ladakh is imminent unless active population and habitat management are undertaken. Management measures, however, are stymied by the lack of understanding of the gazelle's ecology and the causes for its decline. Our recent studies in Ladakh establish that past hunt­ing, particularly in the aftermath of the Sino-Indian war in 1962, and contin­ued disturbance and habitat degradation associated with excessive livestock grazing are the main anthropogenic factors that caused the gazelle's decline. Our studies have also generated an understanding of the important biotic and abiotic habitat correlates of the gazelle's distribution, and the land use and socio-economy of pastoral communities that share the gazelle's range. We re­view these findings, and based on our research results, outline a species re­covery strategy for the Tibetan gazelle.