Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular localization of proenkephalin mRNA in rat brain: gene expression in the caudate-putamen and cerebellar cortex.

The cellular locations of proenkephalin mRNA have been determined for the caudate-putamen and cerebellar cortex of the rat brain by in situ hybridization. In the caudate-putamen, more than half of the neurons express the proenkephalin gene. Morphologically, they are medium-sized cells that may represent projection neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, proenkephalin mRNA is present in a subpopulation of neurons in the granule layer that appear to be Golgi cells--i.e., inhibitory interneurons. The presence of [Met]enkephalin, a pentapeptide derived from proenkephalin, in these two brain areas is consistent with a synthetic role for this mRNA and implicates proenkephalin gene expression in the control of motor function.
Determination of pregabalin in human plasma by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectroscopy

A rapid, precise, specific, and accurate Electrospray Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS / MS) method has been developed and subsequently validated, for the determination of pregabalin (PB) in human plasma. Gabapentin (GB) was used as the internal standard. PB and GB were extracted from the plasma using a combination of deproteinization, using 0.1% formic acid and liquid–liquid extraction, using methylene chloride. PB and GB were separated using the Hypurity advance column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and mobile phase, consisting of methanol : 0.1% formic acid (80:20 v / v). PB was determined by using ESI-MS / MS in positive ion mode, with the help of the API 2000 spectrophotometer, operated in a multiple reaction monitoring mode. The parent-to-product ion combination of m / z 160.2→55.1 and 172.2→95.0 was used to quantify PB and GB, respectively. The assay was validated in the concentration range of 99.79 – 4019.90 ng / mL for PB. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 99.79 ng / mL. The method has been successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of PB in healthy male volunteers.
Implication of a Healthcare Worker With Chronic Skin Disease in the Transmission of an Epidemic Strain of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Abstract This outbreak of colonization of neonates in a 10-bed pediatric intensive care unit illustrates the probable role of a healthcare worker (HCW) in the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, despite good hygienic practices. It raises the issue of preventive exclusion of HCWs affected by chronic skin disease from high-risk units.
Extrusion of Penem Antibiotics by Multicomponent Efflux Systems MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT The high intrinsic penem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is due to the interplay among the outer membrane barrier, the active efflux system MexAB-OprM, and AmpC β-lactamase. We studied the roles of two other efflux systems, MexCD-OprJ and MexXY-OprM, in penem resistance by overexpressing each system in an AmpC- and MexAB-OprM-deficient background and found that MexAB-OprM is the most important among the three efflux systems for extrusion of penems from the cell interior.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication in the Glycemia of Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Preliminary Study

Background. We previously reported that children with diabetes and Helicobacter pylori infection had higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than uninfected peers. We sought to determine whether eradication of the infection could decrease their HbA1c level. Methods. Eight children with type 1 diabetes and H pylori infection (cases) were treated to eradicate the infection. Cases were matched (2:1) with uninfected diabetic children (controls), and their HbA1c levels were monitored. Results. As previously described, cases started with higher HbA1c values than controls. More than 2 years after treatment, cases showed a decreasing trend and controls an increasing trend in HbA1c values. At the end of the study, cases and controls had comparable HbA1c values. Conclusion. These data suggest that eradication of H pylori infection in patients with type 1 diabetes might be associated with better control of glycemia.
Measurement of SEU Thresholds and Cross Sections at Fixed Incidence Angles

Current SEU testing and analysis techniques have as basic assumptions that the charge deposited at a junction depends linearly on the linear energy transfer (LET) of the ion and the pathlength of the ion through an imagined parallelepiped that represents the depletion region. This study tests these assumptions for two bipolar parts, AMD 27LSOO and Fairchild 93L422, by irradiating at fixed angles while varying the LET of two ion species. It was found that the 27LSOO shows a pronounced ion species dependence, and may show a deviation of deposited charge from the usual inverse-cosine times a fixed depletion depth, while the 93L422 exhibited the expected inverse-cosine dependence and no ion species dependence.
Effects of Post-Adoption Beliefs on the Online Product Recommendation continuance: an Extension of is continuance Model

The IS continuance model has been extensively applied in past studies for investigating continued information system (IS) usage behavior. The current study attempts to extend the post-adoption beliefs in the IS continuance model based on effort-accuracy model, by extending the application of IS continuance model beyond an instrumental focus. The extended IS continuance model, incorporating the post-adoption beliefs of perceived usefulness, perceived decision quality, and perceived decision effort, was empirically validated with data collected from an online survey of 626 existing users of online product recommendations (OPRs). The data analysis revealed that the extended IS continuance has good explanatory power (R2 = 62.1% of continued OPRs use intention, R2 = 53% of satisfaction, R2 = 50.5% of perceived usefulness, and R2 = 9% of perceived decision effort, and R2 = 72.3% of perceived decision quality), with all major paths supported except two. We also analysed the data on the original IS continuance model. The higher variances explained for the extended IS continuance model (D6% in continued OPRs use intention, D5.1% in customer satisfaction, and D3.2% in perceived usefulness). Hence, the extended IS continuance model can provide additional information that is relevant for understanding continued IS use. The significant effects of post-adoption perceived decision quality signify that the nature of the IS can be an important boundary condition in understanding the continued IS usage behavior. At a practical level, the extended IS continuance model presents IS product/service providers with deeper insights into how to address IS users’ satisfaction and continued patronage.
High levels of microbial contamination of vegetables irrigated with wastewater by the drip method

The public health aspects of the use of wastewater in agriculture and the effects of the drip irrigation method on the contamination of vegetables were studied. The method used was to simulate enteric microorganisms' dissemination by contaminated irrigation water in the field. The vegetables were irrigated with an effluent inoculated with a high titer of traceable microorganisms: poliovirus vaccine and a drug-resistant Escherichia coli. The dissemination of the marker organisms in the field was followed, and the effects of certain manipulations of the drip irrigation method on the contamination of the crops by the effluent were examined. It was shown that drip irrigation under plastic sheet cover with the drip lines placed either on the soil surface or buried at a depth of 10 cm significantly reduced crop contamination from inoculated irrigation water even when massive doses of bacteria and viruses were used. The microbial contamination was found to persist in the irrigation pipes and in the soil for at least 8 and 18 days, respectively. The data indicate that the recovery of the marker organisms was affected by soil texture and environmental conditions.
The Response of a Co-culture Lung Model to Fine and Ultrafine Particles of Incinerator Fly Ash at the Air–liquid Interface

Elevated concentrations of particulate matter in the environmental atmosphere constitute a potential risk to human health. In vitro cell-based assays are therefore necessary to evaluate the toxicological potential of inhaled particulate emissions. In this study, the exposure of a co-culture cell model at the air–liquid interface was used to evaluate the dose-dependent biological effects of a test aerosol. The CULTEX® system was used to expose human cells to an environmentally-relevant aerosol, generated from fly ash collected in a commercial municipal waste incinerator and resuspended in filtered air. Human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, co-cultured with differentiated THP-1 macrophages growing on Transwell® inserts, were employed in the bioassay. Analyses of cell viability, interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, intracellular glutathione, and haeme oxygenase-1 enzyme expression were performed. Transportation of the cells and exposure to humidified filtered air or the test aerosol, at 100ml/min for 1 to 6 hours, were well tolerated by the cells and had no effect on their viability. Levels of IL-8 release and haeme oxygenase-1 expression were elevated by exposure to fly ash aerosol as a function of time, but not by exposure to clean air. For IL-8 release, a dose-dependent effect was demonstrated with the assumption that the deposited mass of the particles correlated with exposure time. Exposure to the test aerosol did not affect the intracellular glutathione concentration. This in vitro approach simulates particle deposition in the human lung more realistically than does submerged exposure, and it preserves the inherent properties of the particles. It shows promise for use to detect particulate emissions which are potentially detrimental to human health.
DAT1 3′‐UTR 9R allele: Preferential transmission in Indian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Genetic alterations in the dopaminergic system are frequently observed in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a 40 bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the 3'‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) has been investigated in different populations. Both significant association and lack of association with the10 repeat allele (10R) of DAT1 VNTR have been reported. Objective of the present investigation was to examine association of this polymorphism with ADHD in Indian children. Genotypic data obtained from ADHD probands (n = 79), their parents (n = 148) and control individuals (n = 153) were analyzed for haplotype‐based haplotype relative risk analysis (HHRR), transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), and family‐based association test (FBAT). HHRR analysis revealed significant (P = 0.009) transmission of shorter alleles (≤9R). TDT analysis of informative ADHD families (n = 32) also exhibited highly significant transmission of the shorter alleles (P = 0.002). Further analysis by FBAT showed preferential transmission (P = 0.019) of the 9R allele from parents to ADHD probands. It can be inferred from the data obtained that the DAT1 3′‐UTR 9R allele may confer risk of ADHD in the Indian population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone tunnel remodeling at the site of biodegradable interference screws used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 5-year follow-up.

PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study was to review, using expanded clinical-assessment tools, the long-term results of the local effects of a bioabsorbable interference screw (copolymer 85/15 D,L lactide/glycolide) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. TYPE OF STUDY This prospective study was initiated in May 1993. The inclusion criteria for patient selection included rupture of the ACL in athletic patients without involvement of the collateral ligaments, arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using middle third of the ligamentum patella, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plain radiographic examinations of the knee joint during follow-up. MATERIALS Between May 1993 and October 1994, 32 patients were enlisted in the study; 48 patients did not fit the inclusion criteria. There were 25 men 7 women. The average age was 29.1 years (range, 19 to 50 years). There were 21 right knees and 11 left knees. The follow-up examinations were performed by an independent examiner. There were 28 patients available for follow-up at a medium of 5.2 years (range, 4.1 to 6.4 years). The evaluation included various testing systems (i.e., OAK, IKDC, Lysholm) as well as MRI and plain radiographic studies to investigate the longevity of the implant and potential adverse effects of this new bioabsorbable material. RESULTS The clinical results were good. The OAK score (Orthopädische Arbeitsgruppe Knie) showed 93% excellent and good results, and 7% fair results. The IKDC and Lysholm scores were 92% and 96% good and excellent results, respectively. MRI showed bone remodeling and new bone formations at the site of the implant in the femoral as well as in the tibial bone tunnel at follow-up. No cystic or osteolytic changes where seen on MRI or plain radiographs. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the correlation between histology and MRI: there was minimal surgical-site edema, minimal reaction to this material, and complete replacement by new bone formation of the previous site of this implant. At 5 years, this bioabsorbable interference screw appeared clinically safe and effective for fixation of bone blocks during ACL reconstruction and MRI showed complete absorption and replacement with new bone.
Species Composition of Bacteroidales Order Bacteria in the Feces of Healthy People of Various Ages

A study of species distribution of numerically predominant Bacteroidales order isolates in feces of healthy people aged 1–33 years was accomplished using a combination of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. It was found that the majority of isolates in all age groups belonged to species B. xylanisolvens, B. vulgatus, and B. uniformis. Members of genera Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Odoribacter, Barnesiella, and Prevotella were also detected frequently.
Deixis proposicional en el habla de caracas: Un análisis cuantitativo del (de)queísmo

En esta investigacion se analiza el (de)queismo a partir de la hipotesis de que el uso de la preposicion de es un tipo de marcador de evidencialidad (Schwenter 1999). El espanol no tiene una categoria gramatical como tal; sin embargo, de Haan (en prensa) propone analizar la evidencialidad como una categoria deictica que ubica una accion descrita en una proposicion con respecto al hablante. El proposito de la siguiente investigacion es determinar las propiedades deicticas que tienden a marcar los hablantes cuando hacen uso de de ante que conjuntivo, mediante un estudio cuantitativo de los contextos de variacion para especificar el posible uso de la preposicion como deictico proposicional y su distribucion social en el espanol caraqueno. El estudio se realizo sobre el Corpus Sociolinguistico de Caracas 1987; los casos fueron analizados con el programa GoldVarb_2001. Los resultados indican que el hablante tiende a hacer uso de de ante que conjuntivo para proyectarse a si mismo como centro epistemico e indicar que tiene evidencia directa de lo expresado en la subordinada y que considera confiable su contenido.
Nurses’ online behaviour: lessons for the nursing profession

Social networking is popular online activity; however, like many activities on the internet, there are some privacy risks and concerns associated with its use. Recently, an increasing number of nurses have been censured or asked to appear before regulatory or registering authorities for unprofessional behaviour on social media sites. Problem behaviours identified include: inappropriate content and postings, crossing professional boundaries and breaching patient privacy and confidentiality. This discussion paper aims to give the nursing profession an understanding of how their online behaviour can impact on their professionalism, and how they can avoid problematic situations when using social media (Facebook). This exploratory discussion paper will inform a study researching nurses’ online behaviour. Social media is here to stay and nurses need to navigate the complexities of the boundaries between the personal and the professional. Nurses need to learn to balance the growing usefulness of social media, with the legalities and etiquette of the online environment.
Aspectos comparativos entre el cáncer mamario humano y canino con especial referencia al cáncer mamario inflamatorio:grado histológico de malignidad, mecanismos endocrinos e interleucinas

El cancer mamario humano (CMH) es un gran problema de salud puesto que es el cancer que mas frecuentemente se diagnostica en la mujer y es la segunda causa de muerte por cancer. El cancer mamario inflamatorio (CI) humano y canino (CIH y CIC, respectivamente) es un tipo de cancer mamario especialmente agresivo de baja prevalencia. El CIC se ha propuesto como modelo para el estudio de la enfermedad humana. El CI se define como una entidad clinicopatologica caracterizada clinicamente por edema difuso, eritema y dolor de la mama, ocupando la mayor parte de la misma y, frecuentemente, sin presentar nodulo mamario, lo que complica el diagnostico al poder confundirse con una dermatitis o una mastitis. Por otro lado, los tumores mamarios caninos (TMC) se presentan como el primer grupo de tumores en la perra, suponiendo un 52% de todas las neoplasias y el segundo tras los tumores cutaneos teniendo en cuenta ambos sexos. En la especie canina el CI representa el 7,6% de todos los tumores mamarios caninos y el 17% de todas las neoplasias mamarias malignas. Una gran parte del conocimiento sobre el cancer mamario humano (CMH) se basa en las investigaciones realizadas in vitro o in vivo. En numerosas ocasiones se han propuesto los TMC espontaneos como modelo para el estudio del CMH. Como previamente se ha indicado, se ha demostrado que la perra es un buen modelo animal para el estudio del CIH, ya que tienen caracteristicas epidemiologicas, clinicas e histologicas similares. Sin embargo, la mayoria de los aspectos comparables en los canceres de mama de ambas especies, incluyendo el perfil hormonal o la presencia de ciertas citocinas, no han sido todavia evaluados.
Wireless radar devices for smart human-computer interaction

Due to the noncontact and low-cost features of Doppler radar sensors, it has been adopted to detect physiological motion signals in variety applications. This paper introduces two portable Doppler radar sensor devices named as “iMotion radar” and “iMotion2 radar”. The iMotion radar is a 2.4-GHz AC-coupled direct-conversion continuous-wave Doppler radar. The iMotion2 radar is designed with the same structure except this version adopts DC coupling method in order to sense motions at very low frequency without frequency-dependence distortions. An additional circuit is designed for iMotion2 to eliminate large DC offset. Both of the two radars have been used in different applications. The experimental results have demonstrated good reliability and flexibility. The details in hardware design are given in this paper and two applications, which are achieved by those radar devices, are reviewed.
Percent carboxyhemoglobin in resting humans exposed repeatedly to 1,500 and 7,500 ppm CO.

Eleven nonsmoking male resting subjects were exposed to two transient CO profiles to examine whether the resultant carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) differs with CO concentration for a fixed total CO dose and to determine the predictive capability of the theoretical model of Coburn et al. (J. Clin. Invest. 44: 1899-1910, 1965) using measured alveolar ventilation. One profile consisted of five sequential exposures to 1,500 ppm CO for 5 min each and spaced 3 min apart. The other consisted of five sequential exposures to 7,500 ppm CO for 1 min each and spaced 7 min apart. The subjects, therefore, were exposed to the same overall nominal dose of 37,500 ppm.min. During the experiment, the subject's ventilatory functions and respiratory gases were recorded continuously, and the resultant HbCO% was measured in venous blood samples by gas chromatography. Mean increase (+/- SD) in HbCO% per exposure was 2.08 +/- 0.27% for the 1,500 ppm CO exposures and 2.05 +/- 0.29% for the 7,500 ppm CO exposures with no significant difference between the two. When the measured values of the subject's alveolar ventilation were applied to the theoretical model of Coburn et al., the predicted rate of HbCO% formation was found to agree with the experimental results.
Survivable Virtual Network Design and Embedding to Survive a Facility Node Failure

As virtualization is becoming a promising way to support various emerging application, provisioning survivability to requested virtual networks (VN) in a resource efficient way is important. In this paper, we investigate the survivable VN embedding (SVNE) problem from a new perspective. First, we consider the failure dependent protection (FDP) in which each primary facility node would have a different backup facility node, as opposed to the Failure Independent Protection (FIP) which has been studied before, in order to provide the same degree of protection against a single node failure with less substrate resources. Secondly, we enhance the VN with additional computing and communication resources and design the Enhanced VN (or EVN) before embedding it to the substrate in order to further reduce the amount of substrate resources needed to survive a single facility node failure. The work is the first that combines the FDP with EVN design (FD-EVN) to explore a resource efficient solution to the SVNE problem. After presenting a binary quadratic programming (BQP) formulation of the FD-EVN design problem and a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation of the EVN embedding (EVNE) problem, we propose two heuristic algorithms for FD-EVN design, as well as an EVNE algorithm that explores primary and backup substrate resources sharing. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the solutions to the BQP/MILP formulation when possible, and the heuristics. The proposed FD-EVN approach has shown to be resource efficient and in particular, outperform other approaches in terms of request acceptance ratio and embedding cost, although as a tradeoff, requiring more service migration after failures.
The therapeutic applications of multipotential mesenchymal/stromal stem cells in skeletal tissue repair

Four decades after the first isolation and characterization of clonogenic bone marrow stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the laboratory of Dr. Alexander Friedenstien, the therapeutic application of their progeny following ex vivo expansion are only now starting to be realized in the clinic. The multipotency, paracrine effects, and immune‐modulatory properties of MSC present them as an ideal stem cell candidate for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In recent years it has come to light that MSC encompass plasticity that extends beyond the conventional bone, adipose, cartilage, and other skeletal structures, and has expanded to the differentiation of liver, kidney, muscle, skin, neural, and cardiac cell lineages. This review will specifically focus on the skeletal regenerative capacity of bone marrow derived MSC alone or in combination with growth factors, biocompatible scaffolds, and following genetic modification. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 237–245, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.