Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MPAs, fishery closures and stock rebuilding

Few regions on earth remain untouched by fishing activity. As such, effective longterm no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) and other area-based management systems that restrict fishing serve as vital reference areas for assessing the magnitude and recovery potential of marine ecosystems from human influence over both space and time. Much of the peer-reviewed literature and meta-analyses demonstrate variable but overall positive responses to such protection for fish and some other taxa. These include significant increase of stock species abundance and biomass within boundaries, cross-boundary spill-over of adults and larvae, and increased egg production. A reserve may meet its biodiversity objectives and contribute to fished stocks, however, determining the extent of that contribution depends on several factors. These factors include: understanding and monitoring the species biology, and the effectiveness of and compliance with management, and changes in fishing pressure external to the NTMR or other type of spatially-managed area from which some fishing activities are excluded. This presents significant data and cost challenges of scope, scale and monitoring method for assessment of NTMRs and fishery management throughout the, often extensive, range of the stock. The situation is one in which proof is hard to establish and absence of proof of effect is not proof of absence of effect (the issue of Type I and Type II errors in experimental design). Publication Details Kenchington, R. , Kaiser, M. J. & Boerder, K. (2018). MPAs, fishery closures and stock rebuilding. In S. M. Garcia & Y. Ye (Eds.), Rebuilding of Marine Fisheries Part 2: Case Studies (pp. 182-205). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao. org/3/ca0342en/CA0342EN.pdf This book chapter is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow. edu.au/lhapapers/3748 182 Rebuilding of marine fisheries Part 2: Case studies MPAs, fishery closures and stock rebuilding Kenchington1 R. , Kaiser2 M.J. and Boerder3 K. 1Australian National Centre for Ocean resources and Security, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522 AUSTRALIA 2School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, United Kingdom 3Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
Sex ratios and age structure of several waterfowl species wintering at Poyang Lake, China.

The sex ratios of four dabbling duck species were investigated by point count method during the wintering period between October and the following April from 2012 to 2014 at 45 survey sites of Poyang Lake. From October 2013 to April 2014, the age structure of the Tundra Swan was surveyed by point count method at 45 survey sites of Poyang Lake. In middle wintering stage (from December to February), the sex ratio of common teal Anas crecca (60.66% male, n=361) was male-biased while falcated duck Anas falcata (52.10%, n=286), mallard Anas platyrhynchos (50.00%, n=90) and Eurasian wigeon Anas penelope (49.18%, n=183) were near parity. The male ratio of common teal, falcated duck and Eurasian wigeon all showed a tendency of initially increasing and later decreasing throughout the wintering period while mallard showed a continuous growth trend. The male-biased sex ratios in the common teal may be owing to increased female mortality on both breeding and wintering grounds. The intra-seasonal differences in sex ratios for all the ducks can be partly attributed to earlier arrival of males to wintering areas closer to breeding areas, while females and juveniles head further south. There were greater numbers of females for all the ducks in the early wintering stage (from October to November) and the male ratio increased again in the middle wintering stage, which shows that females arrive at winter areas before males in Poyang Lake. Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus had relative high juvenile percentage (28.27%, n=3130). In the early wintering and spring migration stages (from March to April), the proportions of juveniles were significantly higher than in the middle wintering stage. This may indicate that family groups with young ones arrived at Poyang Lake to winter before those who did not participate or failed to breed, but returned later to breeding grounds, knowledge about this can provide guidance to management task.
Postmortem whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct to autopsy: Preliminary clinical experience

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cadavers as an adjunct to autopsy. Eight consecutive patients underwent both whole‐body MRI and autopsy [either conventional (six), limited (one), or percutaneous (one)] within 24 hours of death. Comparison was made of major and minor abnormalities and predicted cause of death recorded by independent readers at both MRI and autopsy. Major discrepancies between the recorded primary cause of death at imaging and autopsy occurred in five (5) patients. These included a myocardial infarction found at autopsy alone, bowel infarction and portal venous gas found at MRI alone, and aortic dissection and occipital infarct found at MRI alone in a patient on whom only limited autopsy was performed. Postmortem MRI may represent a useful adjunct to autopsy, particularly in patients in whom autopsy is limited due to patient/family consent, inoculation risks, and ethnic doctrines. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:277–287. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat.

OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the contribution of the subcutaneous tissues to 1st and 2nd intention cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Domestic shorthaired cats (n=6) and 6 beagle dogs. METHODS Paired wounds were created on either side of the dorsal midline; the subcutaneous tissue was removed on 1 side and left intact on the other. Square, open wounds of the dorsal aspect of the thorax were observed for 21 days to monitor granulation tissue formation, wound contraction, epithelialization, and total healing (contraction+epithelialization). Breaking strength of sutured linear wounds was measured 7 days after wounding. Laser-Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) was used to measure cutaneous perfusion. RESULTS First intention healing: subcutaneous tissue removal had no consistent effect on sutured wound strength at 7 days in dogs or cats. Second intention healing: removal of subcutaneous tissue reduced wound perfusion, granulation, contraction, epithelialization, and total healing. Granulation tissue formation and wound contraction were delayed to a significantly greater degree in cats than in dogs (P<.05). Two dogs (33%) had minor wound infections. CONCLUSIONS The subcutaneous tissues make an important contribution to 2nd intention cutaneous healing. Dog and cat wounds had delayed 2nd intention healing when subcutaneous tissues were removed; wounds in dogs, but not cats, had largely recovered from this delay by 21 days. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Extensive debridement of subcutaneous tissue may delay wound healing particularly in feline patients. A higher risk for wound infections may accompany extensive removal of subcutaneous tissues in dogs.
Interferon Gamma Expression during Human Pregnancy and in Association with Labour

In this study, the expression of the type 1 cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNγ) during human gestation and in association with labour was assessed. Immunoreactive (ir) IFNγ concentrations (ng/ml) were quantified in maternal plasma (n = 136) and amniotic fluid (n = 68). In addition, irlFNγ content (pg/mg protein) was determined in term gestational tissues (placenta, amnion and choriodecidua, n = 39). In peripheral plasma, irlFNγ was detected in 34% of all samples assayed. Where detected, the concentration averaged 0.19 ± 0.03 ng IFNγ/ml plasma (mean ± SEM). During pregnancy, irlFNγ concentrations in maternal plasma declined significantly (p < 0.05). irlFNγ was identified in all gestational tissues examined and content increased significantly with labour status (p < 0.01). irlFNγ was not detectable in amniotic fluid (assay sensitivity = 0.02 ng/ml) at any stage of pregnancy. The data obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that, during pregnancy, cell-mediated immunity is suppressed. At term and in association with labour and delivery, lower plasma IFNγ concentrations and high tissue content may indicate a contributing role for IFNγ in parturition.
Improving the Dissolution Rate of Poorly Water Soluble Drug by Solid Dispersion and Solid Solution—Pros and Cons

The solid dispersions with poloxamer 188 (P188) and solid solutions with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30) were evaluated and compared in an effort to improve aqueous solubility and bioavailability of a model hydrophobic drug. All preparations were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, intrinsic dissolution rates, and contact angle measurements. Accelerated stability studies also were conducted to determine the effects of aging on the stability of various formulations. The selected solid dispersion and solid solution formulations were further evaluated in beagle dogs for in vivo testing. Solid dispersions were characterized to show that the drug retains its crystallinity and forms a two-phase system. Solid solutions were characterized to be an amorphous monophasic system with transition of crystalline drug to amorphous state. The evaluation of the intrinsic dissolution rates of various preparations indicated that the solid solutions have higher initial dissolution rates compared with solid dispersions. However, after storage at accelerated conditions, the dissolution rates of solid solutions were lower due to partial reversion to crystalline form. The drug in solid dispersion showed better bioavailability in comparison to solid solution. Therefore, considering physical stability and in vivo study results, the solid dispersion was the most suitable choice to improve dissolution rates and hence the bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug.
Prospek Penerapan Sistem Corporate Farming (Studi Kasus di Koperasi Pertanian Gerbang Emas)

Corporate farming adalah kegiatan penggabungan lahan usaha tani untuk dikelola secara bersama-sama oleh para petani dan terpadu di dalam satu manajemen. Sistem ini dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu solusi dalam mengatasi berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi petani saat ini. Efisiensi usaha, standarisasi mutu, dan efektivitas serta efisiensi manajemen pemanfaatan sumber daya merupakan hal yang diharapkan akan tercapai saat sistem corporate farming diterapkan. Koperasi Pertanian Gerbang Emas merupakan lembaga usaha petani yang berfokus pada produksi serta pemasaran tanaman-tanaman hortikultura. Koperasi melaksanakan kegiatan pemasaran secara kolektif sejak tahun 2014, namun untuk kegiatan produksi dilaksanakan secara individual oleh petani anggota koperasi. Produktivitas yang masih rendah merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi koperasi saat ini. Kegiatan usahatani yang saat ini dilakukan oleh petani anggota koperasi akan lebih efisien apabila dikelola oleh koperasi dengan menerapkan sistem corporate farming . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis prospek penerapan sistem corporate farming serta mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kemungkinan keberhasilan atau ketidakberhasilan penerapan sistem ini pada Koperasi Pertanian Gerbang Emas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dengan melihat prospek penerapan dari tiga sisi, yaitu ekonomi, kelembagaan, dan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem corporate farming memiliki prospek yang baik untuk diterapkan pada koperasi, baik dari sisi ekonomi, kelembagaan, dan sosial. Selain itu diperoleh pula beberapa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemungkinan keberhasilan atau ketidakberhasilan penerapan sistem ini pada koperasi.
Towards a sustainable local business community by women℉s empowerment programs through corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Based on data from Central Bureau of Statistics, the population of Indonesia in 2016 amounted to 258.71 million people, consisting of 128.72 million women and 129.99 million men. Thus, women need to be empowered to increase their competence so that they can contribute in the national economy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of women's empowerment into a sustainable local business community through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The qualitative research methodology was conducted in this study. Data collection is conducted through in-depth interview with the related women. The informants in this study were the women who were involved in CSR program located in Kampung Kue, Surabaya City. This research uses the theory of women empowerment by Nursahbani Katjasungkana in discussion of Strategic Plan Team of National Development. The results show that women empowerment programs have a positive impact on women's self-development in Kampung Kue. Women become skilled and have the ability to become independent entrepreneurs. Thus, women have additional income and are able to increase household incomes. In addition, the slum neighborhoods in Kampung Kue previously became a productive local business community due to the empowerment program.
Audit committee, internal audit function and earnings management: evidence from Jordan

PurposeThis study aims to examine the influence of audit committee existence and internal audit function on the earnings management of companies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses generalised least squares regression to investigate the influence of audit committee existence, internal audit function and the interaction of these two mechanisms on earnings management for a sample of 86 industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange over a four-year period from 2007 to 2010. The paper uses the extent of discretionary accruals as the proxy for earnings management.FindingsThis paper finds that audit committee existence and the internal audit function reduce the level of earnings management. The number of meetings between the audit committee and internal audit function also reduces discretionary accruals. Overall, this study finds that audit committee existence and internal audit function decrease earnings management and improve the financial reporting quality.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is that it investigates the combined effects of audit committee existence and internal auditors on earnings management. Furthermore, this study is the initial paper to examine the impact of audit committee and internal audit on earnings management in Jordan.
If customer relationships are so important, why does CRM implementation fail so often?

x CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Statement of the problem . 1 1.2. Relevance to current literature . 4 1.3. Research questions addressed . 7 1.3. 1. What specific practices and attitudes of teams contribute to DE? 8 1.3. 2. Does DE have a meaningful impact on CRM results? 9 1.3. 3. Can firms measure and try to influence the level of DE in their teams? 10 1.3. 4. Research propositions tested . 10 1.4. Mixed method approach to the research . 11 1.5. Significance of the studies . 13 CHAPTER TWO – ADDRESSING THE ROOT CAUSES OF CRM STRATEGY FAILURE . 15 2.1. Three modes of strategy failure . 15 2.1.1. Failure Mode I – Incompleteness of execution . 17 2.1.2. Failure Mode II – Inability to execute . 17 2.1.3. Failure Mode III – Mismatch with environmental conditions . 18 2.2. DE through the lens of CRM strategy failure . 18 2.3. DE through the lens of marketing capabilities . 20
Effect of Topical Anesthesia with Lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) Cream and Local Pressure on Pain during Infiltration Injection for Maxillary Canines: A Randomized Double-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES This study compared the effect of local pressure and topical lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream on pain during infiltration injection for maxillary canine teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 140 volunteer students participated in this split-mouth design randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (n = 35). Before administration of anesthesia, in each group, one side was randomly selected as the experimental and the opposite side as the control. In group 1, finger pressure was applied on the alveolar mucosa on the experimental side and on the tooth crown on the control side. In group 2, 5% EMLA cream and placebo; in group 3, finger pressure and 5% EMLA cream; and in group 4, 5% EMLA cream and 20% benzocaine gel were applied. In all the groups, a buccal infiltration procedure was carried out. Pain during injection was recorded with visual analog scale (VAS). Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used for statistical analysis of the results. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The results showed that EMLA reduced the injection pain significantly more than benzocaine (p = 0.02). Also, injection pain was significantly lower with the use of EMLA in comparison to placebo (p = 0.00). Application of local pressure reduced the injection pain, but the difference from the control side was not significant (p = 0.05). Furthermore, the difference between application of local pressure and EMLA was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Topical anesthesia of 5% EMLA was more effective than 20% benzocaine in reducing pain severity during infiltration injection. However, it was not significantly different in comparison to the application of local pressure.
Improving science teachers' conceptions of nature of science: a critical review of the literature

This paper aimed to review, and assess the 'effectiveness' of the attempts undertaken to improve prospective and practising science teachers' conceptions of nature of science (NOS). The reviewed attempts could be categorized into two general approches: implicit and explicit. Implicit attempts utilized science process-skills instruction or engagement in science-based inquiry activities to improve science teachers' conceptions of NOS. To achieve the same goal, explicit attempts used instruction geared towards various aspects of NOS and/or instruction that utilized elements from history and philosophy of science. To the extent that teachers' NOS conceptions were faithfully assessed by the instruments used in the reviewed studies, the explicit approach was relatively more effective in enhancing teachers' views. The relative ineffectiveness of the implicit approach could be attributed to two inherent assumptions. The first is that developing an understanding of NOS is an 'affective', as compared to a 'cognitive', learning outcome. The second ensuing assumption is that learners would necessarily develop understandings of NOS as a by-product of engaging in science-realated activities. However, despite the relative 'effectiveness' of the explicit approach, much is still required in terms of fostering among science teachers 'desired' understandings of NOS. The paper emphasizes that explicitness and reflectivness should be given prominence in any future attempts aimed at improving teachers' concepts of NOS.
Family structure and children's television viewing and physical activity.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine how physical activity (PA) and television (TV) viewing time of children varied according to family structure. METHODS In 2001, 5- to 6-yr-old (N = 296) and 10- to 12-yr-old (N = 919) children and their parents were recruited from 19 state elementary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Children's PA was objectively assessed using accelerometers worn for 8 d. Sociodemographic and family structure information and time spent watching TV was collected via questionnaire completed by parents. RESULTS ANCOVA revealed that, after controlling for socioeconomic status and age of child, boys without any siblings spent more minutes per day watching TV (153.2 +/- 71.3) compared with those who have siblings (129.0 +/- 64.4, P < 0.05). There were also significant differences in TV viewing time between boys with one sibling (125.5 +/- 59.9), two siblings (141.9 +/- 70.1), or three or more siblings (111.6 +/- 62.6, P < 0.001). Girls from single-parent families (145.7 +/- 85.1) spent significantly more minutes per day watching TV compared with girls from two-parent families (125.1 +/- 67.7, P < 0.05). Girls with siblings spent more minutes per day in PA (148.3 +/- 67.7) compared with those who were an only child (131.0 +/- 58.9, P < 0.05). There were significant interactions between parental status and having a sibling, with PA, and also with TV viewing for girls and between parental status and having a brother with PA for boys. There were also significant interactions between having an older sibling and child's sex with PA and between number of siblings and sex with TV viewing. CONCLUSIONS Family structure may be an important source of influence on children's PA and TV viewing time. Aspects of family structure interact differently with PA and TV viewing, suggesting interventions may need to be tailored with consideration of the family structure of children.
Performance evaluate of carbon-interspaced and aluminum-interspaced antiscatter grids based upon the IEC standard fixture

Recently, we have successfully developed very precise carbon-interspaced antiscatter grids by adopting the sawing process used in the semiconductor industry, in order to employ them to digital radiographic (DR) systems. For the systematic performance evaluate, we prepared 12 carbon-interspaced sample grids with strip densities in the range of 40-85 lines/cm for a fixed grid ratio of 5:1 and with grid ratios in the range of 5:1-10:1, in turn, for a fixed strip density of 80 lines/cm and established a well-controlled test condition based upon the IEC standard. For comparison, we also prepared 6 additional aluminum-interspaced sample grids, which were fabricated by using the conventional method, with the same geometrical parameters. In this paper, we presented the performance characteristics of the prepared sample grids with both experimental measurements and calculations in terms of the transmission of primary radiation (Tp), the transmission of scattered radiation (Ts), the transmission of total radiation (Tt), the selectivity (Sigma), the contrast improvement factor (Cif), and the Bucky factor (B). We also described the line artifacts which were easily found in the use of grids in DR imaging systems and proposed possible solutions to overcome these difficulties effectively.
Cause-related marketing: it's applicability in hypermarket context

The concept of cause-related marketing (CRM) was not sufficiently studied in the context of hypermarket. The objective of this study is to discover if CRM enhances customers’ patronage behaviour towards a hypermarket and whether the absence of CRM in a hypermarket initiates a switching behaviour among consumers. Therefore, five variables (attitude, CSR image, company-cause fit, education level and personal income) were examined for their influence on consumers’ patronage behaviour changes before and after the implementation of CRM. A total of 405 questionnaires were used for analysis. A paired-sample T-Test, one sample T-Test and multiple regression analyses were employed to analyse the research questions in this study. Results revealed that CRM implementation was able to produce two outcomes: customers’ patronage behaviour and customers’ switching behaviour. Also, factors such as attitude, CSR image and personal income were found to have different significant influences upon patronage behaviour increment across different hypermarkets.