Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Service provision for people with schizophrenia

Background This second report of a study of service provision for patients with schizophrenia describes patients' contact with general practice and general practitioners' (GPs’) views of the mental health services. Method A postal questionnaire was sent to the GPs, and patients' primary care records were examined. Results Data were collected on 131 subjects. The majority of patients (96) (73%) were in regular contact with their GP and were consulting for many different reasons; 27 (21%) were posing particular difficulties for the primary care team. GPs reported that 27 (21%) patients required additional support and that the care arrangements for 50 (38%) patients could be improved if alterations were made to the roles of the professionals already involved. Conclusions GPs are central to service provision for patients with schizophrenia. Both additional resources and changes in working practices are required to improve patient care. The service implications of these findings are discussed.
Predictors of Persistent or Recurrent Disease After Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure

Objective Follow-up recommendations after an excisional procedure vary depending on whether or not there is a positive ectocervical or endocervical margin or endocervical curettage (ECC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of these findings in predicting recurrent/persistent (r/p) disease in a sample of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and -negative patients. Materials and Methods Loop electrosurgical excision procedures with a concurrent ECC performed at the Cook County ambulatory clinic between September 29, 2008, and April 15, 2014 were included in this study. Chart review was performed to collect demographic data, pathology results, and all subsequent cytology or histology. We examined the association of these factors with r/p disease using &khgr;2 and Fisher exact tests as well as log-binomial regression. Results There were 242 women included for analysis. Of these, 9 LEEP specimens showed invasive cancer or adenocarcinoma in situ, and 15.7% were HIV positive. Mean follow-up was 16.4 months. On bivariate analysis, HIV serostatus, LEEP histology, ectocervical margin, endocervical margin, and ECC were all associated with r/p disease. On multivariate regression, only HIV serostatus and ECC were associated with r/p disease. Among women with either a positive endocervical or ectocervical margin or ECC, the prevalence of r/p disease is 29% if they are HIV negative, and 75% if they are positive. Conclusions In our study, ECC seems more predictive of r/p disease than margin status. Most HIV-positive women with positive margins or ECC have r/p disease, whereas most HIV-negative women do not. One should consider HIV serostatus when deciding whether or not to perform repeat excision.
Discrepancies in the Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgeon Workforce

Introduction It is unclear whether the current distribution of surgeons practicing female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery in the United States is adequate to meet the needs of a growing and aging population. We assessed the geographic distribution of female pelvic surgeons as represented by members of the American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) throughout the United States at the county, state, and American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists district levels. Materials and Methods County-level data from the AUGS, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the United States Census were analyzed in this observational study. State and national patterns of female pelvic surgeon density were mapped graphically using ArcGIS software and 2010 US Census demographic data. Results In 2013, the 1058 AUGS practicing physicians represented 0.13% of the total physician workforce. There were 6.7 AUGS members available for every 1 million women and 20 AUGS members for every 1 million postreproductive-aged women in the United States. The density of female pelvic surgeons was highest in metropolitan areas. Overall, 88% of the counties in the United States lacked female pelvic surgeons. Nationwide, there was a mean of 1 AUGS member for every 31 practicing general obstetrician-gynecologists. Conclusions These findings have implications for training, recruiting, and retaining female pelvic surgeons. The uneven distribution of female pelvic surgeons throughout the United States is likely to worsen as graduating female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery fellows continue to cluster in urban areas.
Delayed infusion of normal donor cells after MHC-matched bone marrow transplantation provides an antileukemia reaction without graft-versus-host disease.

When allogeneic BMT is used for the treatment of leukemia, depletion of T cells from the donor BM to avoid GVHD may be accompanied by persistence of host cells and post-transplant relapse. In this report, a murine model of MHC-compatible BMT was used to show that delayed infusion of immunocompetent donor cells early after T cell-deficient BMT eliminated residual host cells and provided an antileukemic effect without causing lethal GVHD. AKR (H-2k) recipient mice were pre-conditioned with 9 Gy total body irradiation (LD50) and transplanted with 10(7) BM cells from MHC-matched B10.BR donors. These mice did not develop GVHD and became stable, long-term mixed (donor-host) T cell chimeras. In this model, mixed or incomplete donor T cell chimerism was associated with decreased GVL reactivity. AKR hosts that were transplanted with B10.BR bone marrow admixed with 3 x 10(7) B10.BR spleen cells (as a source of T cells) became complete donor T cell chimeras, but they developed severe and lethal GVHD. However, when the infusion of donor spleen cells was delayed until 21 days after BMT, few mice exhibited any clinical signs of GVHD, and > 95% of the mice became long-term survivors. The infused spleen cells eliminated residual host T cells by 21 days after infusion, and most chimeras were able to resist a supralethal challenge with AKR leukemia/lymphoma cells. Thus, post-transplant adoptive immunotherapy with normal mononuclear cells from the marrow donor may be an effective way to eliminate residual disease or treat leukemia relapse after BMT without causing significant GVHD.
Effects of Flavoring and Casing Ingredients on the Toxicity of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke in Rats

A series of in vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the potential effects of tobacco flavoring and casing ingredients. Study 1 utilized as a reference control cigarette a typical commercial tobacco blend without flavoring ingredients, and a test cigarette containing a mixture of 165 low-use flavoring ingredients. Study 2 utilized the same reference control cigarette as used in study 1 and a test cigarette containing eight high-use ingredients. The in vitro Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay did not show any increase in mutagenicity of smoke condensate from test cigarettes designed for studies 1 and 2 as compared to the reference. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by nose-only inhalation for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk to smoke from the test or reference cigarettes already described, or to air only, and necropsied after 13 wk of exposure or following 13 wk of recovery from smoke exposure. Exposure to smoke from reference or test cigarettes in both studies induced increases in blood carboxyhemoglobin ((COHb)) and plasma nicotine, decreases in minute volume, differences in body or organ weights compared to air controls, and a concentration-related hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and inflammation in the respiratory tract. All these effects were greatly decreased or absent following the recovery period. Comparison of rats exposed to similar concentrations of test and reference cigarette smoke indicated no difference at any concentration. In summary, the results did not indicate any consistent differences in toxicologic effects between smoke from cigarettes containing the flavoring or casing ingredients and reference cigarettes.
Patient Satisfaction Influenced by Interpersonal Treatment and Communication for African American Men

The purpose of this study was to determine if a particular set of health behaviors of health care providers and African American men (AAM) influence patient satisfaction from the AAM’s perspective. This descriptive, correlational study consisted of 505 AAM in North Carolina diagnosed with prostate cancer and enrolled in the North Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). Analyses consisted of bivariate analyses and multiple regression. Patient-to-provider communication, interpersonal treatment, and provider-to-patient communication accounted for 45% (p ≤ .0001) of the variability in patient satisfaction. Interpersonal treatment (provider focusing on the patient) explained the greatest amount (F = 313.53, R2 = .39) of patient satisfaction. Since interpersonal treatment focuses on the patient and demonstrated to be the strongest predictor in patient satisfaction, it is noteworthy to consider the emphasis that should be placed on patient-centered care. In addition, knowing important variables positively affecting patient satisfaction provides useful information for developing appropriate interventions to improve AAM health care experiences.
Effects of Natural Acquired Immunity in an Age-Structured Malaria Model

Malaria, a vector borne disease, is one of the most important major global public health challenges. In this paper we develop a deterministic mathematical model for malaria, which considers the effects on malaria prevalence of the chronological age of human hosts and the role of natural acquired immunity (NAI) of people continuously exposed to the parasite. We identify the basic reproduction number, R0, and run numerical simulations on a discrete age version of the model. The aim of this study is to determine how different levels of age dependent NAI, which depend on levels of transmissibility (mosquito presence) can affect malaria dynamics. We conclude that the proportion of infectious individuals decrease with increasing levels of transmissibility and that for levels of transmissibility greater than a certain threshold, the number of infectious people in younger age groups is larger than in older ones.
Prednisolone‐induced changes in dystrophic skeletal muscle

Although glucocorticoids delay the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) their mechanism of action is unknown. Skeletal muscle gene expression profiles of mdx mice, an animal model of DMD, treated with prednisolone were compared with control mice at 1 and 6 wk. Of the 89 early differentially regulated genes and ESTs, delta‐sarcoglycan, myosin Va, FK506‐binding protein 51 (FKBP51), the potassium channel regulator potassium inwardly‐rectifying channel Isk‐like (IRK2) and ADAM 10 were overexpressed, whereas growth hormone‐releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) and Homer‐2 were underexpressed. The 58 late differentially overexpressed genes included kallikreins (13, 16, and 26), FKBP51, PI3K a regulatory subunit, and IGFBP6, while underexpressed genes included NeuroD and nicotinic cholinergic receptor gamma. At both time points, overexpression of a cohort of genes relating to metabolism and proteolysis was apparent, alongside the differential expression of genes relating to calcium metabolism. Treatment did not increase muscle regeneration, reduce the number of infiltrating macrophages, or alter utrophin expression or localization. However, in the treated mdx soleus muscle, the percentage of slow fibers was significantly lower compared with untreated controls after 6 wk of treatment. These results show that glucocorticoids confer their benefit to dystrophic muscle in a complex fashion, culminating in a switch to a more normal muscle fiber type.
A longitudinal behavioral genetic analysis of the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior

Developmental studies of antisocial behavior (ASB) have found two subgroups of behaviors, roughly described as aggressive and nonaggressive ASB. Theoretical accounts predict that aggressive ASB, which shows greater stability, should have high heritability. In contrast, nonaggressive ASB is very common in adolescence, shows less continuity, and should be influenced both by genes and shared environment. This study explored the genetic and environmental influences on aggressive and nonaggressive ASB in over 1,000 twin pairs aged 8–9 years and again at 13–14 years. Threshold models were fit to the data to incorporate the skew. In childhood, aggressive ASB was highly heritable and showed little influence of shared environment, whereas nonaggressive ASB was significantly influenced both by genes and shared environment. In adolescence, both variables were influenced both by genes and shared environment. The continuity in aggressive antisocial behavior symptoms from childhood to adolescence was largely mediated by genetic influences, whereas continuity in nonaggressive antisocial behavior was mediated both by the shared environment and genetic influences. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that aggressive ASB is a stable heritable trait as compared to nonaggressive behavior, which is more strongly influenced by the environment and shows less genetic stability over time.
Antimicrobial agents from Rubia cordifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra against phytopathogens of Gossypium.

The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts has been recognized for many years. In the present study, 55 plant methanolic extracts were investigated for antimicrobial activity against, thirteen phytopathogens of Gossypium using agar ditch diffusion method. Results from the in vitro antimicrobial assays indicated that six plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity, in which highest activity was observed from the root extracts of R. cordifolia and G. glabra. Qualitative phytochemical tests, Column chromatography and of these two active root extracts demonstrated the presence of phyto compounds VIZ, anthraquinones and flavonoids as major active constituents respectively.
Suppression of Chaos Time Delay Signature in a Ring Network Consisting of Three Semiconductor Lasers Coupled With Heterogeneous Delays

The properties of chaos time delay signature (TDS) in a ring network consisting of three mutually coupled semiconductor lasers (MCSLs) are investigated numerically, where heterogeneous coupling delays are proposed to obtain the TDS concealment from the intensity chaos in wide parameter regions. The evolution of the TDS patterns, which are quantified via the autocorrelation function, for a ring network with identical coupling delays as well as that with heterogeneous coupling delays is compared. By analyzing the effects of the coupling strength, frequency detuning, and injection current on the TDS, the parameter regions for successful TDS concealment are identified. It is found that the intensity chaos with a desirable TDS concealment can be generated in the proposed ring network in which the TDS is mainly affected by the injection current and coupling strength, but is not so sensitive to the frequency detuning. In particular, a larger injection current and smaller coupling strength are preferable to obtain chaos with a low TDS. Besides, the ring network with heterogeneous coupling delays allows for better TDS concealment in much wider parameter regions, compared to that with identical coupling delays, and, thus, is highly desirable for the chaos-based random bit generators.
Overexpression of UCP3 in cultured human muscle lowers mitochondrial membrane potential, raises ATP/ADP ratio, and favors fatty acid versus glucose oxidation

The skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling protein‐3 (UCP3) promotes substrate oxidation, but direct evidence for its metabolic role is lacking. Here, we show that UCP3 overexpression in cultured human muscle cells decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Despite this, the ATP content was not significantly decreased compared with control cells, whereas ADP content was reduced and thus the ATP/ADP ratio raised. This finding was in contrast with the effect caused by the chemical protonophoric uncoupler, CCCP, which lowered ΔΨm, ATP, and the ATP/ADP ratio. UCP3‐overexpression enhanced oxidation of oleate, regardless of the presence of glucose, whereas etomoxir, which blocks fatty acid entry to mitochondria, suppressed the UCP3 effect. Glucose oxidation was stimulated in UCP3‐overexpressing cells, but this effect was inhibited by oleate. UCP3 caused weak increase of both 2‐Deoxyglucose uptake and glycolytic rate, which differed from the marked stimulation by CCCP. We concluded that UCP3 promoted nutrient oxidation by lowering ΔΨm and enhanced fatty acid‐dependent inhibition of glucose oxidation. Unlike the uncoupler CCCP, however, UCP3 raised the ATP/ADP ratio and modestly increased glucose uptake and glycolysis. We propose that this differential effect provides a biological significance to UCP3, which is up‐regulated in metabolic stress situations where it could be involved in nutrient partitioning.
Principal Component Analysis-Based Visual Saliency Detection

In this paper, a novel patch-wise saliency detection algorithm is proposed based on principal component analysis (PCA). As a powerful statistical procedure in data analysis, PCA is fully exploited to convert color space and produce compact patch representation. Specifically, images are first converted to linearly uncorrelated channels and divided into non-overlapped patches. Then the patches are represented by the coefficients of principal components using PCA analysis. Based on the compact representation of patches, two types of distinctiveness are introduced: 1) center-surround contrast and 2) global rarity. Experimental results demonstrate that the PCA-based color space conversion and patch representation can improve the accuracy of human fixations prediction. And the proposed algorithm outperforms the mainstream algorithms on predicting human fixations. Additional experiments on salient object detection and image retargeting show that the proposed model can achieve better performance than traditional models.
[Triatoma dimidiata populations' (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) feeding behaviour in an endemic zone and related epidemiological implications].

OBJECTIVE Determining Triatoma dimidiata's feeding behaviour in domiciliary and extra-domiciliary habitats in an endemic area of the Santander department in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ELISA technique was used for processing the intestinal contents of 367 insects captured in rural areas around the municipalities of Capitanejo and Macaravita. 12 anti-animal species specific polyclonal anti-sera were used in ELISA. T. dimidiata hosts were determined by reactivity to each anti-serum; host percentages were established. RESULTS 42.2% of the intestinal content processed by ELISA was reactive for blood proteins from one or more than 10 hosts. Domestic animal proteins were identified in all reactive intra-domiciliary and peridomestic insects, most often chicken blood, followed by that from goats, canines and humans. Blood from domestic animals like goats, chicken and horses was also detected in wild insects. Blood from animals such as armadillo and fara were identified in intra-domiciliary insects. Human host protein was found in 11% of intra-domiciliary and peri-domiciliary insects. CONCLUSIONS The vector's eclectic nature in domiciliary and extra-domiciliary habitats was determined by identifying human blood in wild and domestic animals. The wild populations' mobility towards domiciliary and peri-domiciliary areas was demonstrated by finding domestic animals' blood in them and wild animals' blood in domestic and peri-domestic insects. These results contribute towards understanding Trypanosoma cruzi transmission-cycles.
Effects of transitory lingual nerve impairment on speech: an acoustic study of vowel sounds.

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of the lingual nerve impairment on phonetic quality of speech by analyzing the main acoustic features of vowel sounds when the normal lingual nerve function was partly distorted by local anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 7 men, whose right side lingual nerve was anesthetized with 0.8 mL of Ultracaine D-Suprarenin (Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmpH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany). The speech material analyzed consisted of 8 vowels produced in sentence context by speakers. Every utterance was repeated 10 times with and without local anesthesia. After recording, the speech samples were analyzed with a computerized speech laboratory. In addition, the vowels of 1 man with permanent nerve impairment were studied. RESULTS The results show that the deprived function of the tongue after lingual nerve impairment had various effects on vowel quality for every subject. The main acoustic determinants of different vowels, the lowest vocal tract resonances, changed in frequency. In addition, the total duration of vowels changed and the vowels had different fundamental frequencies. However, these effects were extremely individual and variable. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of acoustic analysis, the distortion of lingual nerve function has effects on vowel production. Some of these changes were so extensive that they also could be perceptually detectable. Lingual nerve impairment seems to have potential to change speech production.
Oxytocin and callous-unemotional traits: towards a social-cognitive approach to forensic analysis

Abstract Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children and adolescents are an important risk factor for forensic behaviors in youth and in adulthood. There is a strong biologic basis in CU traits, offering the possibility to design biological interventions to address this risk factor. This paper advances the hypothesis that the administration of exogenous oxytocin is a biological intervention worthy of further investigation to address CU traits and moderate future risk factors for forensic behaviors. The evidence for this assertion rests in the empiric evidence that social cognitive deficits play a major role in child and adolescent CU traits and psychopathy. Simultaneously, emerging evidence suggests that youth with CU traits have defined neuroendocrinological correlates within the oxytocin system. A review of the normal neurohormonal physiology of this system is presented to provide a groundwork for the delineation of these correlates. That deficits in this system are found in alternate psychopathologies that present with deficits in social cognition serves as the basis for the hypothesis that these deficits may play a key role in the development and manifestation of CU traits. Their correction through psychopharmacologic and alternate means may provide a future route to addressing a central area of adolescent forensic psychiatry.