Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Place attachment as a motivation for community preservation: The demise of an old, bustling, Dubai community

This paper describes how Dubai’s top-down redevelopment strategy affected residents of Sha’biyat Al Defaa’ and Sha’biyat Al Shorta, or Army and Police Colony, a densely aging Dubai neighbourhood. The article draws on an original ethnographic case study, including field observation, interviews with residents and local press reports. Findings show that redevelopment demolished this old neighbourhood to appeal to economic elites without making any effort to preserve any of its social, economic or emotional value to residents or the larger community. In doing so, Dubai sacrificed the wellbeing of a vulnerable population. I draw on the concept of place attachment to interpret this case’s significance for planning and preservation theory and practice. Place attachment conceptualises affective ties to both physical settings and the relationships and memories that such settings support. This study gives planners, policy makers and preservationists new evidence that attachment to land and community are important motivations for expanding historic preservation into concerns for community preservation. Conventionally, historic preservation concerns itself primarily with built landscapes; this paper argues that individuals’ feelings and bonds to social settings can be used as engines for preservation. The paper concludes that Dubai’s top-down planning model does not sensitively capture the needs of low-income communities. It argues that in advocating preservation and mitigating displacement impacts, city planners must pressure the state and developers for more affordable housing policies and projects, and must establish service programmes that provide technical and economic assistance to city residents who face eviction.
Persistent enhanced platelet activation in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary microvascular obstruction: clinical implications

Summary About 30% of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing recanalisation of the infarct-related coronary artery do not achieve valid myocardial reperfusion (no-reflow phenomenon or coronary microvascular obstruction [MVO]). The mechanisms of MVO are incompletely understood. In this study we investigated the role platelet activation in the pathogenesis of coronary MVO in STEMI patients. We enrolled 48 STEMI patients (age 56.2 ± 11 years; 31 men), treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by double anti-platelet treatment, and 20 control patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) on single antiplatelet treatment (age 57.5 ± 6 years, 12 men). STEMI patients were divided into two groups: 35 patients with complete myocardial reperfusion (MR) and 13 patients with coronary MVO despite successful PCI. Platelet activation was assessed on admission and at one-month follow-up by measuring platelet receptor expression and monocyteplatelet aggregates (MPAs). Platelet receptor expression, platelet receptor conformational change for fibrinogen binding availability and MPA formation were increased in STEMI patients with MVO compared to both STEMI patients with MR and stable CAD patients, both on admission and at one-month follow-up (p<0.05 for all). Among STEMI patients, platelet activation is greater in those who display coronary MVO, compared to those with MR, after successful PCI, both on admission and one month after STEMI, suggesting that enhanced platelet activation might be involved in the pathogenesis of MVO. The persistence of enhanced platelet activation despite double classical anti-platelet therapy suggests that new anti-platelet strategies should be considered in patients with coronary MVO.
Cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction

Purpose of review Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease share the same risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking, all of which are implicated in causing endothelial dysfunction. In this review, an overview is given on the role of endothelium in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and the metabolic syndrome as well as the links between them. Recent findings Current literature offers strong evidence that endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction are linked. Erectile dysfunction appears to be one of the earliest signs of systemic vascular disease and might be considered as an early marker for subclinical cardiovascular disease. Obesity is one of the many risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is also associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, which together define the metabolic syndrome. Experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic studies support the association between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Summary The above-mentioned risk factors are a potential threat to the penile endothelium and the smooth muscle tissue leading to functional and structural changes. These important pathophysiologic factors are the foundation for the strong link between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Recent literature supports the link between metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction and highlights metabolic syndrome as a potential risk factor for the development of erectile dysfunction.
How Political Candidates' Use of Facebook Relates to the Election Outcomes

This paper examines the relationship between political candidates' use of Facebook and their election outcomes (vote share and election success). The use of social media in political marketing campaigns has grown dramatically over the past few years. It is also expected to become even more critical to future political campaigns, as it creates two-way communication and engagement that stimulates and fosters candidates' relationships with their supporters. Online Facebook data were acquired for all 84 candidates running in a municipal election in Taiwan. Results suggest that a candidate's Facebook presence, the type of account they use, the authentication of the account, and the number of online fans they have are related to their election outcomes.
Wound-Induced Metabolism in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tubers

Suberin, a cell specific, wall-associated biopolymer, is formed during normal plant growth and development as well as in response to stress conditions such as wounding. It is characterized by the deposition of both a poly(phenolic) domain (SPPD) in the cell wall and a poly(aliphatic) domain (SPAD) thought to be deposited between the cell wall and plasma membrane. Although the monomeric components that comprise the SPPD and SPAD are well known, the biosynthesis and deposition of suberin is poorly understood. Using wound healing potato tubers as a model system, we have tracked the flux of carbon into the aliphatic monomers of the SPAD in a time course fashion. From these analyses, we demonstrate that newly formed fatty acids undergo one of two main metabolic fates during wound-induced suberization: (1) desaturation followed by oxidation to form the 18:1 ω-hydroxy and dioic acids characteristic of potato suberin, and (2) elongation to very long chain fatty acids (C20 to C28), associated with reduction to 1-alkanols, decarboxylation to n-alkanes and minor amounts of hydroxylation. The partitioning of carbon between these two metabolic fates illustrates metabolic regulation during wound healing, and provides insight into the organization of fatty acid metabolism.
Prospective Randomized Study of Objective and Subjective Clinical Results Between Double-Bundle and Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: There is controversy as to whether double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft (DB-HT) or single-bundle ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon graft (SB-PT) obtains the best clinical outcomes. Purpose: To compare the short-term clinical outcomes of DB-HT with those of rectangular-tunnel SB-PT (RTSB-PT) at 2-year follow-up and to identify the factors that affect subjective knee functional score. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Sixty-three male patients (mean age, 26.1 years) and 87 female patients (mean age, 25.8 years) were included in this study and were randomly distributed to either the DB-HT (n = 76) or RTSB-PT (n = 74) group. Clinical outcomes (knee flexion range of motion [ROM], heel-height difference, side-to-side difference in anterior laxity, rotational laxity, and Tegner activity score) were compared between the DB-HT and RTSB-PT groups, and examination of factors affecting subjective outcomes (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score [KOOS] results) was performed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Fourteen patients (9 DB-HT, 5 RTSB-PT) had secondary ACL injury within 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction and were excluded from analysis. In the examination of 136 patients at the 24-month follow-up, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in clinical or subjective outcomes. The normalized knee extensor strength of the RTSB-PT group showed negative surgical technique effect in the early postoperative phase (P = .005), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at the 24-month follow-up (P = .114). There was no significant difference in change of normalized knee flexor strength between the 2 groups (P = .493). Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and presence of meniscus injury were the factors that affected KOOS subscale scores. Conclusion: In this prospective randomized controlled study, there was no significant difference in the incidence of secondary ACL injury and no difference in objective or subjective outcomes between the DB-HT and RTSB-PT reconstruction at 24-month follow-up. Age, sex, presence of meniscus injury, and BMI affected subjective KOOS subscale scores, while surgical technique did not.
- / - Ym Protein Expression in Allergic IL-13 Airways Hyperreactivity, Eosinophilia, and Correlate with a Polymorphisms in IL-4R

The development of airways hyperreactivity in allergic IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice is controversial and appears to correlate with the number of times that the original 129 (cid:3) C57BL/6 founder strain has been crossed to the BALB/c background. In this investigation, we compared allergic responses in founder IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice crossed for either 5 (N5) or 10 (N10) generations to BALB/c mice. Whereas allergic N5 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice developed airways hyperreactivity, tissue eosinophilia, elevated IgE, and pulmonary expression of Ym proteins, these processes were attenuated in N5 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice treated with an IL-4-neutralizing Ab, and in N10 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice. These data showed that IL-4 was more effective in regulating allergic responses in N5 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice than in N10 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice. To elucidate the mechanism associated with these observations, we show by restriction and sequence analysis that N5 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice express the C57BL/6 form of IL-4R (cid:1) and N10 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice express the BALB/c form. Despite the near identical predicted molecular mass of these isoforms, IL-4R (cid:1) from N5 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice migrates with a slower electrophoretic mobility than IL-4R (cid:1) from N10 IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice, suggesting more extensive posttranslational modiﬁcation of the N5 form. The Thre 49 Ile polymorphism in the extracellular domain of BALB/c IL-4R (cid:1) has been demonstrated to disrupt N -linked glycosylation of Asn 47 and increase the dissociation rate of the IL-4R (cid:1) /IL-4 interaction. Collectively, these data show that polymorphisms in IL-4R (cid:1) , which have been shown to affect the interaction with IL-4, correlate with the ability of IL-4 to regulate allergic responses in IL-13 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 1092–1098.
Dictyostelium discoideum Developmentally Regulated Genes Whose Expression Is Dependent on MADS Box Transcription Factor SrfA

ABSTRACT The MADS box transcription factor SrfA is required for spore differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. srfA null strains form rounded spores that do not resist adverse environmental conditions. Five genes whose expression is dependent on SrfA have been isolated by differential hybridization. One of these genes, sigC, is identical to phg1b, previously characterized in mutants with altered adhesive properties and found to encode a nine-transmembrane-domain protein. This gene is transcribed into two mRNAs as the result of alternative splicing of two internal exons. The slower-migrating mRNA codes for a shorter protein that lacks the first transmembrane fragment and is not expressed in srfA null strains. The other four genes (sigA, sigB, sigD, and 45D) are expressed only during late developmental stages. In situ hybridization experiments showed that expression of sigA, sigB, and sigD is restricted to the sorus of developing structures. sigA codes for a homologue of malate dehydrogenase that converts pyruvate to malate to replenish the tricarboxylic acid cycle. sigB encodes a protein with significant similarity to the GP63 metalloproteinase of Leishmania, leishmanolysin. The sequence of SigD is highly similar to that of several spore coat proteins of D. discoideum, and it may play a role in that structure. The gene 45D codes for an RNA-binding protein homologue whose expression is also dependent on the GATA transcription factor stalky (StkA). The expression of sigB is also dependent on both SrfA and StkA. The expression of 45D, but not of sigA, sigB, sigC, and sigD, can be induced in srfA null cells by constitutive protein kinase A activation. Strains in which either sigA, sigB, or sigD is disrupted were isolated and found to form spores that are not detectably different from those of wild-type strains.
Evolution of Mate-Choice Imprinting: Competing Strategies

Abstract Mate-choice imprinting, the determination of mating preferences at an early age based on an individual's observation of adults, plays a role in mate choice in a wide variety of animals. Theoretical work has thus far been focused either on the effects of mate-choice imprinting on the evolution of the male trait used as a mating cue, or on the evolution of imprinting against a nonimprinting background. We ask the question: if multiple types of imprinting are possible in a species, which is likely to evolve? We develop a haploid population genetic model to compare the evolution of three forms of imprinting: paternal, maternal, and oblique (nonparental adult) imprinting. We find that paternal imprinting is the most likely to evolve, whereas maternal and oblique are nearly equivalent. We identify two factors that determine a strategy's success: its “imprinting set,” the set of individuals imprinted upon, and phenogenotypic disequilibrium, the association between imprinted preferences and mating cues. We assess the predictive power of these factors, and find that the imprinting set is the primary determinant of a strategy's success. We suggest that the imprinting set concept may be generalized to predict the success of additional imprinting strategies, such as mate-choice copying.
A Comparative Evaluation of Community Treatments for Post-Partum Depression: Implications for Treatment and Management Practices

Objective: To compare existing community treatments for post-partum depression (PPD), treatment efficacy was evaluated for 146 women seeking treatment for PPD in the local community. Method: Self-report questionnaires were designed to assess clinical depression and anxiety (psychological and physiological), risk factors, treatment satisfaction and the impact of social supports. Results: Comparison of treated subjects with those on a wait-list demonstrated that depression and the psychological component of anxiety decreased significantly after treatment. Psychological and pharmacological interventions produced similar clinical benefit in the treatment of psychological symptoms, and receiving both treatments in combination was of no added clinical benefit in the immediate or longer term. Individual treatment was associated with more rapid treatment gains initially than group treatment. However, the benefits of group treatment emerged during the 6 months following treatment, leading both interventions to be equally effective in the longer term. Cognitive behavioural therapy was not superior to the combination of non-specific counselling or behavioural strategies, either immediately following treatment or 6 months later. Conclusions: Clinical efficacy together with other clinical and financial benefits strongly advocate the application of psychological treatment for PPD. Clear parallels between PPD and general depression support the application of knowledge about general depression to extend understanding of PPD and refine clinical management practices.
HOW STICKY ARE DIVIDENDS? ANALYSIS UNDER CASH SHORTFALLS

This paper analyzes dividend stickiness by examining managers’ decisions whether to cut dividends when facing cash flow shortfalls. I present two hypotheses regarding this decision. One, which I label “tradition”, suggests that managers are looking back at dividend history, and view cutting as a last resort. The other suggests managers are forward looking and their decisions primarily on expectations about future performance. Analysis of maintaining and cutting groups with poor cash flows lend support to both hypotheses, but firms that maintained their dividend see significant increases in sales growth, and in some cases cash flow, the following year, indicating that managers are forward looking. Firm leverage is particularly important for determining whether a firm cuts its dividend under cash shortfalls.
SOME MODELS FOR DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH, AND MORPHOMETRIC CORRELATION

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between morphometric traits can be a direct consequence of shared developmental history and common systems of growth regulation. Correlation between traits, therefore, need not imply direct functional or adaptive constraints on those traits. Useful models of the developmental origins of correlations will consider mechanisms that can reduce initially high correlation of traits that arise from a single developmental precursor. Several models presented here predict such correlations for different modes of fission of a precursor. Timing of developmental events may also affect correlations and respond to selection on adult traits. The models may apply to development of the tetrapod limb bud, including variance and covariance induced by known developmental mutants.
Colonic abnormalities on CT in adult hospitalized patients with Clostridium difficile colitis: prevalence and significance of findings.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of an abnormal colon on CT in adult inpatients with Clostridium difficile colitis, compare the clinical presentation of these patients, and determine whether CT findings predicted the need for surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a 21-month period, 152 of 572 inpatients with C. difficile colitis were identified and had CT scans performed within 2 weeks of the diagnosis. These were independently and retrospectively reviewed by two reviewers. Those with colonic wall thickness greater than 4 mm were considered positive (CT-positive patients) and were further reviewed for specific findings in the colon. All 152 patients with CT scans were also retrospectively reviewed using the hospital information system for certain clinical parameters, admitting diagnoses, and reasons for scanning. The following were compared using several statistical tests: clinical parameters in CT-positive and CT-negative patients and surgical and nonsurgical groups to determine if positive scans or surgical treatment could be clinically predicted; specific CT findings in CT-positive patients to see if an association was found with clinical parameters or surgical treatment; and admitting diagnoses and reasons for scanning in scanned and unscanned populations to see which patients were more likely to undergo CT. RESULTS Seventy-six (50%) of 152 scanned hospitalized patients with C. difficile colitis were CT-positive. These patients most often had segmental involvement (50 [66%] of 76 patients), with the rectum (60 [82%] of 73 patients) and sigmoid colon (61 [82%] of 74 patients) most often affected. Positive scans were associated with increased WBC, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Patients with signs and symptoms of infection or abdominal complaints were more likely to be scanned. No statistical correlation was found between specific CT findings and clinical parameters or clinical parameters and patients requiring surgery. There was no predictive value of specific CT findings for surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Half of the patients scanned had an abnormal CT, with segmental colonic disease more common than diffuse. Positive scans were more likely in patients with leukocytosis, abdominal pain, and fever. Specific CT findings did not correlate with clinical parameters and could not predict surgical treatment.
Duration of Sodium Amytal Effect: Behavioral and EEG Measures

Summary: In performance of an intracarotid sodium amytal test duration of action is a critical factor since measurements obtained after cessation of action are invalid. Duration of action is often monitored by measuring handstrength contralateral to injection or by visual inspection of amytal‐induced EEG slow waves ipsilateral to injection. We describe new objective methods of monitoring drug effect: quantified EEG and sensory discrimination. In a first study of patients with scalp electrodes, the two traditional and the two new measures were compared in 40 injections. Results indicated that the two EEG measures did not differ significantly and estimated a shorter drug effect than the two behavioral measures, which were also not significantly different. The two new measures had a smaller SD, indicating that they may be less erratic. In a second study of 14 patients, using intracerebral electrodes, we showed that slow waves in the frontocentral region lasted as long as the motor and sensory effects, but also that slow waves in the medial temporal region dissipated earlier than the motor and sensory deficits. Our results suggest that motor and sensory measures may overestimate the time in which valid testing can occur if hippocampal function is at issue.
Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk, cheese and sour cream samples from Costa Rica using enzyme-assisted extraction and HPLC

Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites, which can be found in feed. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted into milk when ruminants ingest aflatoxin B1 contaminated feedstuffs. Due to its carcinogenic potential, contamination of milk and dairy products with AFM1 may pose a risk for consumers. Hence, it is considered a public health concern. In this survey, the level of AFM1 contamination of dairy products marketed in Costa Rica was determined by enzyme-assisted extraction, immunoaffinity clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescent detector (HPLC-FLD) in fluid milk (n = 70), fresh cheese (n = 70) and sour cream (n = 70) collected at local convenience stores and supermarkets. AFM1 concentrations in milk and fresh cheese ranged from 19 to 629 ng/L and from 31 to 276 ng/L, with mean values of 136 ng/L and 74 ng/L, respectively, whereas none of the sour cream samples analysed tested positive for this aflatoxin. In 30 milk samples, and 10 cheese samples, AFM1 concentrations surpassed threshold concentrations as established by the European Commission. Thus, sour cream and – to a lesser extent – cheese manufacturing seems to reduce the amount of AFM1 present in milk, possibly due to fraction redistribution or microbiological degradation. The survey results reveal improper quality control procedures in the Costa Rican dairy industry. Therefore, a surveillance programme for dairy products in our country is recommended.