Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Educational Leaflet for Caregivers of Preterm Infants.

INTRODUCTION Facilitation of child development is usually emphasized in the form of early intervention classes and practical demonstrations. However, non-adherence to home program for such interventions has been reported due to various reasons. AIM To develop and validate an educational leaflet as a supplement guide for caregivers to promote better development of their child during 4-6 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in-depth literature review and focus group discussion with the experts was conducted to formulate the content of leaflet. Initial framework consisted of introduction, main text with pictorial representation and instructions about facilitation of various milestones, do's-don'ts and disclaimer. Validation was done through a questionnaire consisting of 9 questions pertaining to completeness, understandability, legibility, clarity and utility of educational material for caregivers and a section for comments. Leaflet with enclosed questionnaire was distributed to 14 validators (2 neonatologists, 4 paediatricians and 8 physiotherapists), along with a covering letter stating the purpose and relevance of this educational material, and the importance of their participation in validation process. Scoring was done on 5 point Likert scale for each item in the material. RESULTS Responses from the 14 evaluators were collected and analysed. Item level content validity index (I-CVI) was calculated for individual items which ranged from 0.73 - 1. Scale level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was calculated for complete nine items and it was found to be 0.91. Validators expressed their views to include a column on normal milestones across 4-6 months of age and also to highlight the significance of performing each activity mentioned in the leaflet. These suggestions were incorporated in consensus with the subject experts and the final draft was made. CONCLUSION Educational leaflet for caregivers of 4-6 months preterm infants has been developed and validated. It can be provided as a supplement guide to the caregivers to facilitate better development of their child.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth with pyramidal signs is genetically heterogeneous: Families with and without MFN2 mutations

Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy (CMT) is divided into two broad categories: demyelinating forms (CMT1), characterized by median motor conduction velocities of <38 m/s; and axonal forms (CMT2), characterized by axonal degeneration without demyelination and preserved or only mildly reduced motor conduction velocities.1 CMT with pyramidal features is an axonal form of CMT with variable pyramidal features (upper motor neuron signs) but without frank spasticity. The dominantly inherited form was classified as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type V (HMSN V [MIM 600361])2 and also defined as peroneal muscular atrophy with pyramidal features.3 The pyramidal signs include extensor plantar responses, mild increase in tone, flexor plantar weakness, and preserved or increased reflexes (knee and ankle). There is no frank spasticity differentiating this disorder from the spastic paraplegias. The disorder has not been mapped to a chromosomal locus. Eight loci have been reported for the autosomal dominant forms of CMT2. Genes with mutations have been identified for five of these loci. Recently, two closely mapped genes, MFN2 (MIM 608507) and KIF1B (MIM 6059950), were reported to cause CMT2A4,5, but mutations in KIF1B have not been independently …
Social and biological early life influences on severity of dental caries in children aged 6 years.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between social and biological conditions experienced in very early life and dental caries in children aged 6 years. METHODS The design was a dental caries cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort study started in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1993. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 1999. A random sample of 400 6-year-old children was selected from among 5249 live births in 1993. The World Health Organization (1997) criteria were used to diagnose dental caries. Results from the oral health study were linked to the data concerning perinatal and childhood health and illnesses and family social conditions collected at birth, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and in the sixth year of life. Dental caries was the outcome measured at two levels of severity (very low: dmft < or = 1; high: dmft > or = 4). Unconditional univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Self-employed and employees/unemployed, fathers with <8 years of education at time child was born, child's height deficit for age at 12 months; child who did not attend day care centre in sixth year of life; brushing teeth less than once a day, and children with sweet consumption of at least once a day at 6 years were risk factors for high dental caries after controlling for possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS Harmful social and biological risk factors accumulated in early life contributed to the development of a high level of dental caries in childhood.
Broadband spectral generation with refractive index control

We describe a method for generating a wide spectrum and at the same time improving propagation through a model inhomogeneous gaseous medium. The method is based on using a small two-photon detuning from a Raman resonance to adiabatically establish an appropriate molecular superposition state. This state, in turn, generates a broad spectrum of sidebands whose refractive index, Rayleigh scatter, and accumulated phase delay are much less than those of a single spectral component, if propagating alone. @S1050-2947~97! 50606-8#
Average Delay at an Unsignalized Intersection with Two Major Streams Each Having a Dichotomized Headway Distribution

The average time a driver has to wait before he can cross two major streams has been a major performance indicator for unsignalized intersections. The equations presented in this paper give an estimate of this average delay as a function of the average delay to isolated minor stream vehicles Adams' delay and the degree of saturation of the minor stream minor stream entry flow/maximum entry flow and a form factor which quantifies the effect of queueing in the minor stream. It was assumed that drivers were consistent and homogeneous and that headways in each major stream were independent of other headways in the same stream and in the other stream. Although the concepts were described in general terms, equations for the maximum minor stream entry flow and Adams' delay were developed assuming that the headways in the major stream to have a dichotomized distribution as given by R. J. Cowan in 1975. Tanner's equations can be used to calculate the form factor when there is a single major stream and when the minor stream headways are Poissonian. For other conditions, a computer simulation program was used to give estimates of the form factor which give satisfactory estimates of average delay for practical purposes. The discussion in this paper indicates that the degree of bunching in the major streams has a major effect of Adams' delay, average delay and the maximum minor stream entry flow.
A Convolutional Approach for Misinformation Identification

The fast expanding of social media fuels the spreading of misinformation which disrupts people's normal lives. It is urgent to achieve goals of misinformation identification and early detection in social media. In dynamic and complicated social media scenarios, some conventional methods mainly concentrate on feature engineering which fail to cover potential features in new scenarios and have difficulty in shaping elaborate high-level interactions among significant features. Moreover, a recent Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based method suffers from deficiencies that it is not qualified for practical early detection of misinformation and poses a bias to the latest input. In this paper, we propose a novel method, Convolutional Approach for Misinformation Identification (CAMI) based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CAMI can flexibly extract key features scattered among an input sequence and shape high-level interactions among significant features, which help effectively identify misinformation and achieve practical early detection. Experiment results on two large-scale datasets validate the effectiveness of CAMI model on both misinformation identification and early detection tasks.
Low birth weight and blood pressure at age 7-11 years in a biracial sample.

The hypothesis that birth weight predicts blood pressure inversely at age 7 through 11 years was examined in 1,446 white children and black children in Washington Parish, Louisiana. Two data sets of the Bogalusa Heart Study were merged: 1) newborn cohort participants (n = 233), initially examined at birth, 1973-1974, and reexamined in 1984-1985 at ages 9 through 11 years; and 2) subjects examined at ages 7 through 11 years in 1987-1988 (n = 1,213) whose birth weight was collected from birth certificates in 1991. The prevalence ratios for being in the race-, sex-, and age-specific upper decile of diastolic blood pressure in children born with low birth weight (< 2,500 g) versus those with birth weight > or = 2,500 g were 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.28-2.56) for white boys, 2.66 (95% confidence interval 1.24-5.70, p < 0.05) for black boys, 1.38 (95% confidence interval 0.63-3.03) for white girls, and 1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.40-2.75) for black girls. For systolic blood pressure, the corresponding prevalence ratio for each race-sex group did not differ from one. When the analyses were restricted to full-term births, prevalence ratios in any race-sex group did not differ from one for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In multiple linear regression analyses, the concurrently determined Quetelet index (p < 0.001) was a much stronger correlate of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after appropriate adjustment than was birth weight (p > 0.05). From this study, there is some evidence that low birth weight may determine a risk for subsequent high blood pressure in black boys in the age group 7 through 11 years, but the inconsistency of the results for other race-sex groups was unexpected and remains unexplained, if the underlying hypothesis is true.
Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1)-dependent risk for colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND The deleted GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes (null genotypes) resulting in loss of transferase activity are found in 10-20% and 50-60% of the population, respectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS The GSTT1- and GSTM1-dependent risk for sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) was studied in 247 incident CRC cases and 296 hospital-based controls. RESULTS The GSTT1-null genotype was found to be 1.5 times more prevalent in CRC patients (17.4%) compared with controls (11.1%) (crude OR 1.6; p = 0.03). The GSTM1-null genotype was found to be equally prevalent in cases and controls (53%). Multivariate analysis showed a significant 1.7-fold risk for CRC associated with the GSTT1-null genotypes (p = 0.04) and this increased to 2.9 for smokers (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of gene-environment interaction and illustrates the importance of further research into the role of genetic susceptibility for CRC.
Gastric erosions – clinical significance and pathology : a long-term follow-up study

Gastric erosions are superficial mucosal breaks. With the exception of bleeding, they are considered harmless, but their aetiology, histopathology and long-term course have remained unknown and even the evolution of gastritis in patients with gastric erosions is unclear. The present study aimed to solve clinical significance and pathology of gastric erosions in a long-term follow-up study. Initially, 117 patients and 117 controls were studied in 1974–1981, and a follow-up study was performed in 1996. We evaluated the presence of Helicobacter pylori and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, use of NSAIDs and alcohol, smoking, and assessed features of gastric histopathology. For follow-up, 52 patients and 66 controls were available. In the follow-up visit, 39% patients still had gastric erosions while 11% of the controls had developed erosions (p = 0.001). In H. pylori-positive subjects, peptic ulcer or a scar was more common in patients (17%) than in controls (4%, p = 0.006), but otherwise no increased morbidity or mortality was seen. High antibody titres against HSV predicted the persistence of erosions (p = 0.000), but H. pylori infection, use of NSAIDs, alcohol or smoking were not associated. Initially, inflammation was more active in the region of erosions than elsewhere in the antral mucosa, and more active inflammation in the erosion was associated with HSV seropositivity, H. pylori infection and the recent use of NSAIDs. Initially, H. pylori-positive subjects with chronic or recurrent erosions had higher scores of neutrophils compared to those with non-chronic/nonrecurrent erosions. In H. pylori-positive subjects, body gastritis was initially less active in the patient group. With time, antral gastritis worsened only in the patient group. In H. pylori-negative subjects, there was no evolution of gastritis. These results show that a significant proportion of gastric erosions are chronic/recurrent but mostly without serious complications. However, H. pylori-positive patients have a significant risk to develop a peptic ulcer. A significant proportion of chronic gastric erosions is related to HSV infection. Focally enhanced inflammation modified by HSV or NSAID may be important in the pathogenesis of gastric antral erosions. Active inflammation in the erosions seems to predict their chronicity/recurrency. Patients with erosions share the characteristics of gastritis of the duodenal ulcer phenotype.
Correlating Translation Product and Translation Process Data of Professional and Student Translators

The paper presents an exploratory study of the translation processes for 12 student and 12 professional translators. We relate properties of the translators’ process data (eye movements and keystrokes) with the quality of the produced translations, using BLEU scores and human evaluation scores for fluency and accuracy to assess translation quality. We also investigate how BLEU scores correlate with human scores, and how BLEU scores depend on the number of reference translations. We segment the translation process into skimming, drafting and post-editing phases, and show that the translation behavior of student and professional translators differ with respect to how they use the translation phases. We also show that students and professionals differ mainly with respect to produced translation fluency.
Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein deficiency promotes genomic instability and premature aging-like phenotypes

Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family known to regulate cell actin cytoskeleton organization, polarity, and growth, but its function in mammalian organismal physiology remains unclear. We found that natural aging of WT mice is marked with increased Cdc42 activity in various tissues. Among the negative regulators of Cdc42, gene targeting of Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (Cdc42GAP) results in constitutively elevated Cdc42-GTP level in diverse tissues of adult mice; significantly shortened life span of the animals; and multiple premature aging-like phenotypes, including a reduction in body mass, a loss of subdermal adipose tissue, severe lordokyphosis, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and reduction of reepithelialization ability in wound-healing. Cdc42GAP−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts and/or tissues display reduced population doubling, significantly dampened DNA damage repair activity after DNA-damaging agent treatment, accumulated genomic abnormalities, and induction of p53, p16Ink4a, p21Cip1, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase expressions. Furthermore, Cdc42 activation is sufficient to promote a premature cellular senescence phenotype that depends on p53. These results suggest a role of Cdc42 activity in regulating mammalian genomic stability and aging-related physiology.
Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy (CDT) Editorial: the Minimalist Immediate Mechanical Intervention study.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the standard of care in patients presenting with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) (1). However, since stent implantation may cause intra-procedural thrombotic complications (IPTEs), including distal embolization of thrombus leading to microvascular obstruction (MVO) and no-reflow (2,3) some clinicians have questioned whether immediate stent implantation is mandated in all patients, or instead, whether stent implantation could be deferred for a limited period to enable the beneficial effects of restored blood flow and medical therapy. With this in mind, a number of clinical investigations of deferred stenting (DS) strategies have been assessed (4-16). This was the focus of the Minimalist Immediate Mechanical Intervention (MIMI) trial (14).
Sequential adjuvant epirubicin-based and docetaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients: the FNCLCC PACS 01 Trial.

PURPOSE The PACS 01 trial compared six cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) with a sequential regimen of three cycles of FEC followed by three cycles of docetaxel (FEC-D) as adjuvant treatment for women with node-positive early breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 1997 and March 2000, 1,999 patients with operable node-positive breast cancer were randomly assigned to either FEC every 21 days for six cycles, or three cycles of FEC followed by three cycles of docetaxel, both given every 21 days. Hormone-receptor-positive patients received tamoxifen for 5 years after chemotherapy. The primary end point was 5-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Median follow-up was 60 months. Five-year DFS rates were 73.2% with FEC and 78.4% with FEC-D (unadjusted P = .011; adjusted P = .012). Multivariate analysis adjusted for prognostic factors showed an 18% reduction in the relative risk of relapse with FEC-D. Five-year overall survival rates were 86.7% with FEC and 90.7% with FEC-D, demonstrating a 27% reduction in the relative risk of death (unadjusted P = .014; adjusted P = .017). The incidence of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, the need for hematopoietic growth factor, and incidence of nausea/vomiting were higher with FEC. Docetaxel was associated with more febrile neutropenia in the fourth cycle, stomatitis, edema, and nail disorders. Though rare overall, there were fewer cardiac events after FEC-D (P = .03), attributable mainly to the lower anthracycline cumulative dose. CONCLUSION Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy with FEC followed by docetaxel significantly improves disease-free and overall survival in node-positive breast cancer patients and has a favorable safety profile.
Sports clubs as accessible developmental assets for all? Adolescents’ assessment of egalitarianism vs. elitism in sport clubs vs. school

School and sport clubs are considered important public institutions in the nationwide scaffolding of developmental assets for adolescents. However, external assets’ impact on individuals’ internal assets is not given and developmental institutions do not necessarily function as the society would like to believe. Previous qualitative studies from Norway indicate that organized youth sport appears as competitive and exclusive and the purpose of the present study was therefore to assess a national sample of adolescents’ perceptions of their local sports clubs in terms of egalitarianism (inclusiveness) and elitism (exclusiveness). A comparison with their assessments of their local school was performed. This study offers a youth development perspective on personal experience, and a sociological sport policy perspective focusing on sports for all. A sample of Norwegian adolescents’ (N = 2055) appraisal of their local school and sports club was assessed and the results showed no significant cross-domain difference between the two institutions regarding the perception of egalitarianism/inclusiveness. However, the adolescents rated the sports club as significantly more elitist and thus more exclusive compared to schools. The perception of inclusiveness was positively related to a measure of parenting quality while the perception of sports clubs as elitist was positively related to age among girls, but not among boys. The results confirm an incongruity between the Norwegian ‘sport for all’ policy and adolescents’ assessment of their local sports club, and this article questions the use of democratic and egalitarian rhetoric in sports policy documents emphasizing the concepts as democracy, loyalty, equality, community, health, integrity and tolerance.
M cell pockets of human Peyer's patches are specialized extensions of germinal centers

M cells in follicle‐associated epithelium of Peyer's patches (PP) mediate antigen entrance into the underlying lymphoid tissue. To investigate the functional potential of B cells in this unique microcompartment, the expression of co‐stimulatory molecules necessary for B‐T cell interaction was examined in histologically normal human PP by three‐color immunohistochemistry. In the M cell areas, CD80 / CD86 expression was much more frequent on memory (sIgD–CD20+) B cells than on naive (sIgD+CD20+) B cells. M cell areas identified by such co‐expression of CD20 and CD80 / CD86 were always spatially related to germinal centers (GC). Contrary to the GC B cell phenotype (sIgD–CD20+CD80 / 86hiCD10+Bcl‐2–), however, M cell‐associated B cells with a high level of CD80 / CD86 were CD20loCD10–Bcl‐2+, and adjacent memory T cells (CD3+CD45R0+) often expressed CD40L (CD154). Autologous peripheral blood B‐T cell cocultures with purified protein derivative as antigen showed that the sIgD–CD80 / CD86hiCD20lo phenotype could indeed be generated during cognate B‐T interactions, concurrent with CD40L up‐regulation on memory T cells. Thus, this M cell‐associated phenotype might result from B‐T cell interactions in the course of antigen presentation by memory B cells, with subsequent CD40 engagement by CD40L‐expressing cognate memory T cells. We propose that this M cell‐associated event contributes to memory B cell survival and diversification of intestinal immunity, representing a specialized limb of GC function.
The amyloid cascade hypothesis: are we poised for success or failure?

The first description of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was made in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer (Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psyciatrie und Psychisch‐Gerichtliche Medizin 64, 3, 1907), although other contemporary physicians had made similar, and rather more complete, assessments of the neuropathological changes present in the AD brain (Fischer, Monatsschr Psychiat Neurol 22, 17, 1907). Our knowledge of AD has increased dramatically and continues to accelerate. This year is 25 years after the publication of a series of papers that, in various ways, articulated the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) for AD (Beyreuther and Masters, Brain Pathol 1, 241–251, 1991; Hardy and Allsop, Trends Pharmacol Sci 12, 383–388, 1991; Selkoe, Neuron 6, 487–498, 1991; Hardy and Higgins, Science 256, 184–185, 1992). This review will cover some familiar territory, but we shall also place the ACH into a wider context, compare it with other hypotheses for AD, explore the evolution of the hypothesis to encompass new findings, and determine, irrespective of the merits of the hypothesis itself, whether it has been useful for the research field, both in academia and in industry. Finally, we shall review how the ACH has led to a number of therapeutic approaches, all of which have, to date, failed to reach their primary efficacy end‐points in clinical trials and reflect upon what the future may hold.