Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Presentation: Goffman and Total Institutions

Erving Goffman’s essay on total institutions exemplifies his solution to a major problem in the presentation of social science thinking and results: how can we describe concrete social phenomena without using the descriptive terms already in use in the organization studied? Existing terminology embodies the perspectives of participants in the organization and so accepts all of those people’s conventional judgments. This makes it impossible to isolate a class of similar social objects about which generalizations can be made. Goffman avoided this trap by creating a neutral but specific technical language and by a rigorously comparative analysis. I knew Goffman quite well early in his sociological career. We were graduate students together at the University of Chicago and finished our dissertations within a few years of each other. We saw a good deal of each other in that close-knit academic community. We even walked our babies together down the neighborhood streets. We kept in close touch for some time after we left Chicago, he eventually to St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington, D.C., where he did the fieldwork that produced Asylums, and I to Kansas City, where my colleagues and I did the fieldwork that produced Boys in White. Two features of Goffman’s sociological orientation deserve attention, and I mention them as they contrast with my own way of thinking about sociological work. The first is that although he later identified himself as a student of Everett C. Hughes and indeed his sociological work clearly reflected the influence of Hughes, his lineage was a little different from Hughes’s other students, such as me. The pure Hughes lineage could be said to start with Georg Simmel, and to go from there to Simmel’s student Robert E. Park, and from Park to his student Hughes, and thence to me and many others. Goffman’s lineage, in contrast, begins with Emile Durkheim, and goes from there to pioneer social anthropologist A. R. Brown, from him to his student W. Lloyd Warner (who was responsible directly or indirectly for many of the famous American community studies of the 1930s and 1940s), and from Warner to Goffman, who worked very closely with him.
Creation, Covenant, and the Beginnings of Judaism: Reconceiving Historical Time in the Second Temple Period

1: Introduction: The Relationship Between Time and History in Second Temple Literature 2: Wisdom of Ben Sira: Jewish History as the Unfolding of Creation 3: Wisdom of Ben Sira: Timelessness in Support of the Temple-State 4: The Book of Jubilees: Timeless Dimensions of a Covenantal Relationship 5: The Animal Apocalypse: The Timeless Symbols of History 6: Fourth Ezra: Time and History as Theological Critique 7: Synthesis and Conclusions
Variability of the Needle Essential Oils of Pinus heldreichii from Different Populations in Montenegro and Serbia

The essential‐oil compositions of Pinus heldreichii Christ. from Montenegro and Serbia are reported at the population level. Whitebark pine is a sub‐endemic high‐mountain Balkan pine relict of an anthropogenically reduced area, with large morphological diversity and insufficiently clear taxonomic position. In the pine‐needle terpene profile from three populations from Montenegro, and one from Serbia, 101 compounds were detected, 72 of which could be identified (Table 3). The dominant constituents are limonene (26.3%), α‐pinene (17.5%), germacrene D (13.5%), and β‐caryophyllene (10.4%), comprising ca. 67.7% of the essential oil. Medium‐to‐high contents (0.5–10%) of the following 16 additional components were found: β‐pinene, β‐myrcene, α‐humulene, δ‐cadinene, α‐muurolene, (E)‐hex‐2‐enal, β‐gurjunene, γ‐muurolene, isopimarol, camphene, γ‐cadinene, aromadendrene, β‐bisabolene, trans‐β‐farnesene, α‐cadinene, and (Z)‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol. The similarity of the populations and the within‐population variability was visualized by principle‐component analysis (PCA) of eleven selected terpenes in 97 tree samples. Cluster and genetic analyses suggest closest connection between the two spatially most‐distant populations I (Montenegro) and IV (Serbia). Based on the profile of the main sesquiterpene components, the studied populations from Montenegro and Serbia are more similar to the populations from Greece and the Central Balkan peninsula (Bosnia and Serbia–Kosovo) than to those on the furthest eastern margin of their natural range (Bulgaria).
Impacts of Low Temperature on the Teleost Immune System

As poikilothermic vertebrates, fish can experience changes in water temperature, and hence body temperature, as a result of seasonal changes, migration, or efflux of large quantities of effluent into a body of water. Temperature shifts outside of the optimal temperature range for an individual fish species can have negative impacts on the physiology of the animal, including the immune system. As a result, acute or chronic exposure to suboptimal temperatures can impair an organisms’ ability to defend against pathogens and thus compromise the overall health of the animal. This review focuses on the advances made towards understanding the impacts of suboptimal temperature on the soluble and cellular mediators of the innate and adaptive immune systems of fishes. Although cold stress can result in varying effects in different fish species, acute and chronic suboptimal temperature exposure generally yield suppressive effects, particularly on adaptive immunity. Knowledge of the effects of environmental temperature on fish species is critical for both the optimal management of wild species and the best management practices for aquaculture species.
Ultrasound confidence maps and applications in medical image processing

Advances in ultrasound system development have led to a substantial improvement of image quality. Nevertheless, ultrasound attenuation and shadowing artifacts cannot be entirely avoided and continue to challenge medical image computing algorithms. In this thesis a confidence measure is introduced that emphasizes uncertainty in attenuated and/or shadow regions in ultrasound images. The measure was introduced into various ultrasound image processing applications including: 3D freehand reconstruction, shadow detection, mono- and multimodal registration, tissue classification, and bone detection.
0 MIDAS – Mammographic Image Database for Automated Analysis

Fabiano Fernandes1, Rodrigo Bonifácio2, Lourdes Brasil3, Renato Guadagnin4 and Janice Lamas5 1Instituto Federal de Brasília, 2Computer Science Department, University of Brasília, 3Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Brasília at Gama 4Post-Graduate Program in Knowledge Management and Information Technology, Catholic University of Brasília, 5Janice Lamas Radiology Clinic Brazil
Acyl phosphatidylglycerol. A new phospholipid from Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract A new phospholipid, isolated from extracts of Salmonella typhimurium, has been identified as 3-sn-phosphatidyl-1'-[3'-acyl]-sn-glycerol, or acyl phosphatidylglycerol (acyl-PG). The compound, whose analysis gave the ratios 3:2:1 for ester-glycerol-phosphorus, comprises 2% of the phospholipid of this organism, along with phosphatidylethanolamine (83%), phosphatidylglycerol (11%), and cardiolipin (4%). The designated configurations are inferred from enzymatic analyses showing that the two glycerols of the molecule are of opposite configuration with respect to their attachments to the central phosphate, as in phosphatidylglycerol. Acetolysis of acyl-PG gave equal amounts of diacylglycerol monoacetate and monoacylglycerol diacetate. The location of the third acyl group on the α position of the monoacylglycerol was determined from nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and from comparative rates of triphenylmethylation, and general conditions were determined for the detection of primary hydroxyls in lipids by use of the latter method. The fatty acids of acyl-PG resemble in composition those of the total lipids of the organism. However, the fatty acids of the monoesterified glycerol moiety are much more saturated than those of the diacylglycerol part of the same compound or those of the total lipid. These results are consistent with the observation that fatty acids on the α position of glycerol are generally more saturated than those on the β position in phospholipids, and provide direct support for the conclusion that the substance is not an artifact of chemical transacylation. In vivo incorporation of acetate-14C by S. typhimurium failed to reveal any rapid labeling or "chase" of label in any of the fatty acids of acyl-PG. When the bacteria entered the stationary phase of growth, the mole percentage of this lipid declined to zero, while that of phosphatidylethanolamine increased, apparently because of a time differential in the cessation of biosynthesis of the two compounds.
Working Conditions and Major Weight Gain—A Prospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the associations of working conditions with major weight gain. Three different groups of work-related factors were examined: (i) work arrangements, (ii) physical working conditions, and (iii) psychosocial working conditions. The data are based on the Helsinki Health Study (HHS) questionnaire surveys. A baseline mail survey was made among middle-aged employees of the City of Helsinki in 2000–2002. A follow-up survey was made in 2007. Regression analyses with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. During the 5- to 7-year follow-up, 26% of women and 24% of men gained in weight 5 kg or more. Working conditions were mostly unassociated with weight gain. However, nighttime shift work, physical threat at work, and hazardous exposures at work were moderately associated with weight gain. More attention should be devoted to the prevention of weight gain in general and among risk groups in particular.
Insulin resistance is unrelated to circulating retinol binding protein and protein C inhibitor.

CONTEXT Recent data suggest that circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) might be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Moreover, protein C inhibitor (PCI), which specifically binds retinoic acid, was found to be increased in myocardial infarction survivors who are also insulin resistant. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the association of insulin resistance with RBP factors and PCI active antigen. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a clinical study. PATIENTS Nondiabetic humans with high (IS; n = 20, 14 females, six males, aged 47.2 +/- 1.9 yr, body mass index 26 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) and low (IR; n = 20, 14 females, six males, aged 45.5 +/- 1.7 yr, body mass index 28 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) insulin-stimulated glucose-disposal (M) participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES M was measured by 2-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU.min(-1). m(-2))-isoglycemic clamp tests. Measurements of RBP were performed using a nephelometric method and validated using quantitative Western blotting. RESULTS M (80-120 min) was higher in IS (10.9 +/- 0.6 mg.min(-1). kg(-1)) than IR (4.0 +/- 0.2; P < 10(-12)). Fasting plasma RBP concentrations were comparable between IS and IR measured by both nephelometry (IS: 4.4 +/- 0.3; IR: 4.6 +/- 0.3 mg/dl, P = 0.6) and quantitative Western blot (IS 7.9 +/- 0.5, IR 8.3 +/- 0.6 mg/dl; P = 0.6). Fasting plasma PCI active antigen was similar in both groups. Plasma RBP and PCI were not significantly related to M. RBP was positively correlated with uric acid (r = 0.488, P = 0.003), triglycerides (r = 0.592, P < 0.001), prealbumin (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), and vitamin A (r = 0.75, P < 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that healthy, insulin-resistant humans do not show altered plasma retinol binding factors, such as RBP and PCI. Both do not significantly correlate with insulin sensitivity. Thus, our findings do not support the hypothesis of insulin sensitivity modulation by proteins involved in retinol transport.
RwHash: Rewritable Hash Table for Fast Network Processing with Dynamic Membership Updates

Hash table is one of the most fundamental and critical data structures for membership query and maintenance. However, the performance of a standard hash table degrades greatly when the hash collision is large due to high load factor or unpredictable dynamic membership updates, especially per-packet updates in network processing. In this paper, we shape a hash table from the conventional slim-and-tall style to a wide-and-short style by facilitating an extension of logical cache block. Then, a cache aware hash table (CaHash) is given and explored in detail. Based on an observation that the operation sequences may be in a potential and probabilistic successive order, especially for network applications, a rewritable hash table (RwHash) is finally proposed, which provides two rewritable policies to dynamically move elements within a bucket when updating. Theoretical analysis shows that, no matter what load factor and collision are, RwHash can achieve near-optimal performance the same as the performance when a standard hash table in the case of no collision. Real experiments show that RwHash can achieve 4.10 times speedup in some parameter and even more with different configurations than a standard hash table in the case of heavy collisions. Our approaches are elegantly practical in implementation for both software and hardware.
Superoxide dismutase 3 suppresses hyaluronic acid fragments mediated skin inflammation by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway: superoxide dismutase 3 inhibits reactive oxygen species-induced trafficking of toll-like receptor 4 to lipid rafts.

AIMS Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a component of the extracellular matrix and has been extensively applied for cosmetic, therapeutic, and antiaging purposes. However, HA fragments (HAFs) cause adverse effects. Considering that UV-exposure produces HAF that accumulated on the skin, the role of HAF in skin inflammation and its precise mechanism needs to be clarified, and strategies for the prevention of skin inflammation are necessary. RESULTS We found that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD3, suppresses HAF-mediated skin inflammation, while HAF mediated skin inflammation, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) dominantly infiltrate, up-regulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines receptors. However, keratinocytes indirectly responded to HAF. Instead, epidermis containing keratinocytes were stimulated by secreted molecules from HAF-treated macrophages or DC and produced inflammatory molecules including chemokines, which, in turn, led to skin inflammation. This orchestrated inflammatory response was inhibited by SOD3. In addition, SOD3 inhibited DC maturation by suppressing the expression of major histocompatibility complex II, CD80, and CD86. Interestingly, these responses did not occur in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficient mice. Similar to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HAF promoted TLR4 translocation into the lipid rafts to initiate signaling. This trafficking was mediated, at least in part, by NAPDH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Subsequently, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) subunit, p65, was recruited the promoters of genes encoding inflammatory molecules. This inflammatory machinery was blocked by SOD3. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Thus, we propose that SOD3 might provide an effective strategy for the treatment of HAF-mediated skin inflammation.
Lexicon-Driven Handwritten Word Recognition Using Optimal Linear Combinations of Order Statistics

In the standard segmentation-based approach to handwritten word recognition, individual character-class confidence scores are combined via averaging to estimate confidences in the hypothesized identities for a word. We describe a methodology for generating optimal linear combination of order statistics operators for combining character class confidence scores. Experimental results are provided on over 1000 word images.
SVM-based salient region(s) extraction method for image retrieval

In region-based image retrieval, not all the regions are important for retrieving similar images and rather, the user is often interested in performing a query on only salient regions. Therefore, we propose a new method for extraction of salient regions using support vector machines (SVM) and a method for importance score learning according to the user's interaction. Once an image is segmented, our algorithm permits the attention window (AW) according to the variation of an image and selects salient regions by using the pre-defined feature vector and SVM within the AW. By using SVM, we do not need to determine the heuristic feature parameters and produce more reasonable results. The distance values from SVM are used for initial importance scores of salient regions and our proposed updating algorithm using relevance feedback updates them automatically. Through performance comparison with parametric salient extraction method, our proposed method shows better performance as well as semantic query interface for object-level image retrieval.
Light Pulses Suppress Responsiveness within the Mouse Photic Entrainment Pathway

We have characterized a decrease in photic responsiveness of the mammalian circadian entrainment pathway caused by light stimulation. Phase delays of the running-wheel activity rhythm were used to quantify the photic responsiveness of the circadian system in mice (C57BL/6J). In an initial experiment, the authors measured the responsiveness to single “saturating” light pulses (“white” fluorescent light; [.approxequal]1876 [.mu]W; 15 min). In two additional experiments, the authors measured responses to this stimulus at several time points following a saturating pulse at CT 14 or CT 16. Data from these experiments were analyzed in two manners. Experiment 2 was analyzed assuming that the phase of the circadian pacemaker was unchanged by an initial pulse, and Experiment 3 was analyzed assuming that the initial pulse induced an instantaneous phase delay. Results reveal a significant reduction in responsivity to light that persists for at least 2 h and possibly up to 4 h after the initial stimulus. Immediately after the stimulus, the responsiveness of the photic entrainment pathway was reduced to levels [. lessequal] 12% of normal. After 2 h, the responsiveness was [. lessequal] 42% of normal, and by 4 h, responsiveness had recovered to levels that were [. lessequal] 60% of normal (levels not statistically different from controls). By the following circadian cycle, responsiveness was more completely recovered, although the magnitude of some phase delays remained [. lessequal] 85% of normal. These major reductions in the magnitude of phase delays (and phase response curve amplitude) caused by saturating light pulses confound interpretations of two-pulse experiments designed to measure the rate of circadian phase delays. In addition, the time course for this reduced responsiveness may reflect the time course of cellular and molecular events that underlie light-induced resetting of the mammalian circadian pacemaker.
Assessment of Depression in a Primary Care Setting in Nigeria using the PHQ-9

Context: Mental disorders are major contributors to the burden of diseases all over the world. In general practice, which provides essentially primary care, depression is the most common mental disorder seen and often goes unrecognized. Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of depression, the variables associated with depression, and the degree of recognition by the Physician in family medicine unit. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional descriptive survey of consecutive patients who presented at the general medical out-patient unit of the State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was done. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire incorporating sociodemographic variables and primary diagnosis made by attending Physician. Depression was assessed with the PHQ-9. Results: Two hundred and seventy two patients were interviewed during the period of the study. Participants were mostly of 45 years or older (51.2%), female (59.9%), married (68.4%), and educated (85.7%). One hundred and thirty (47.8%) of the respondents had significant depressive symptoms with majority (49.2%) being classified as mild. Statistical analysis revealed significant association between depression and age, gender, marital status, and clinical diagnoses (P < 0.05). Over a quarter (28.7%) were presented with infectious diseases, other diagnoses made included cardiovascular disorders (15.8%), endocrine disorders (8.8%), psychiatric disorders other than depression (2.9%) and none had depression as primary diagnosis. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among patients attending the general medical out-patient clinics is high and highly under-recognised.
Highly non-parabolic strained Ge quantum well for THz ultra-strong light-matter coupling

Ultra-strong light-matter interactions can be realized in various physical systems and has thus attracted many experimental and theoretical investigations [1-4]. One possible realization is to couple strongly subwavelength split ring resonators (SRR) to the Landau level transition of a two dimensional electron (or hole) gas [2, 3]. In a previous work on parabolic AlGaAs/GaAs QWs, we showed that very high values of the normalized vacuum Rabi frequency Ω/ω = 0.87 can be reached [5]. Strained Ge quantum wells, which are used for the present study, are very appealing as the material exhibits a strong non-parabolicity. The non-parabolicity can be directly observed in THz spectroscopy [6, 7]. The heavy-hole cyclotron resonance spin-splits at a magnetic field of B ∼ 4.5 T [6, 7]. A THz split ring resonator array is deposited on top of the sGe QW, as shown in a sample sketch in Fig. 1 d) with the resonances shown in Fig. 1 b). Coupling a LC-resonance at f = 0.4 THz to the single cyclotron resonance at B ∼ 1.5 T leads to an anti-crossing, as shown in Fig. 1 a). In Fig. 1 c) a zoom to the LC-resonance with fitted polaritons branches is shown and reveals a normalized coupling ratio of Ω/ω = 0.25. The polaritons branches are fitted with a Hopfield-like Hamiltonian [1, 2] and is in good agreement with the experiment. The dipole-like mode of the resonator couples to the spin-splitted heavy-hole cyclotron resonance at B = 4.5 T and f = 1.25 THz. Multiple polaritons can be observed [8], as shown in Fig. 1 a). A modeling of this multiple oscillator system is done by expanding the Hopfield-like Hamiltonian to include all involved oscillators.