Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIAL ANTIGENS IN CHILDREN WITH TURBECULOSIS

Different clinical outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) are related to the balance between cellmediated and humoral immunity and may depend on environmental and individual factors including age and sex. The purpose of this study was to analyze the humoral immune response to recombinant and native mycobacterial antigens in relation to clinical presentations of pulmonary TB in children. We examined 224 serum samples including 81 primary and 31 postprimary TB cases, 30 cases of latent TB infection, and 82 nontuberculosis controls. Commercially available ELISA assays detecting IgG, IgA, and IgM against antigens: 38 kDa, 16 kDa, 38kDa, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and A-60 were used. The results indicate that IgG production was very low in primary compared with postprimary TB (P<0.0001). IgM levels did not differ between the examined groups. Antibody levels strongly depended on the child's age. In infants aged below 1 there was no difference in the antibody level between the TB and control cases. Most positive cases were observed in children aged above 10. The influence of BCG vaccination on the antibody level was not seen. In all subgroups, person-to-person heterogeneity of antigen recognition was observed. We conclude that humoral immune response is associated with the phase of TB and is stronger in more advanced TB forms. IgG and IgA production against mycobacterial antigens is very low in young children.
A Comparison Between Life Quality and Weight-Height Measurements of Patients, Under Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Treatment due to Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Healthy Population

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) comprises a disorder which is charac‐ terized with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, seen in 3-7% of school-age children Boys are two to nine times more often affected than girls [1]. Twin, adoption, and molecular genetic studies show ADHD to be highly heritable. Evidence from animal and human studies implicates the dysregulation of frontal-subcortical-cerebellar catecholaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Imaging studies suggest that abnormalities of the dopaminergic and adrenergic transmitter systems lead to impaired neurotransmission [2]
DISCOVERY OF A GIANT RADIO HALO IN A NEW PLANCK GALAXY CLUSTER PLCKG171.9−40.7

We report the discovery of a giant radio halo in a new, hot, X-ray luminous galaxy cluster recently found by Planck, PLCKG171.9−40.7. The radio halo was found using Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 235 MHz and 610 MHz, and in the 1.4 GHz data from an NRAO Very Large Array Sky Survey pointing that we have reanalyzed. The diffuse radio emission is coincident with the cluster X-ray emission, and has an extent of ∼1 Mpc and a radio power of ∼5 × 1024 W Hz−1 at 1.4 GHz. Its integrated radio spectrum has a slope of α ≈ 1.8 between 235 MHz and 1.4 GHz, steeper than that of a typical giant halo. The analysis of the archival XMM-Newton X-ray data shows that the cluster is hot (∼10 keV) and disturbed, consistent with X-ray-selected clusters hosting radio halos. This is the first giant radio halo discovered in one of the new clusters found by Planck.
Beyond the human development index : a stochastic spanning methodology

The well-known Human Development Index (HDI) goes beyond single measure of wellbeing comparisons by obtaining a composite index by combining achievements in education, income and health dimensions. Yet, many still argue that dimensions covered by the HDI do not reflect overall well-being of societies and new indicators should be included to the HDI. This paper offers a new methodology, stochastic spanning, to test the inclusion of new dimensions to the HDI. This methodology takes the current measurement of HDI as a benchmark and tests whether spanning occurs or not by examining the distributions of composite scores obtained from a particular expansion of the feasible choice set or not. We use this methodology to test the inclusion of 13 indicators of governance to the benchmark components of the HDI and find that inclusion of some governance indicators to the list of components of the HDI leads to welfare improvements. JEL classifications: C14; I31; O15
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENT OF NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EDUCATORS TO ADOPT AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM

In North Carolina, secondary agricultural education programs can now offer a state adopted integrated biotechnology course entitled Biotechnology and Agriscience Research. Empirical evidence was needed to identify and describe factors related to the intent of agricultural educators to adopt this curriculum in order to assist teachers during this transition. North Carolina agricultural educators were randomly surveyed to determine their self-perceived level of knowledge, actual level of knowledge and perceived importance of integrated science competencies in the course. This descriptive correlational study described how agricultural educators perceived the course in fulfilling program needs, perceived barriers to teaching the course, and the likelihood of agricultural educators in North Carolina adopting the course. Exploratory research was conducted to identify factors that best predicted the intent of agricultural educators to adopt the course. Agricultural educators accurately perceive that they lack biotechnology knowledge but they support its importance and recognize the benefits of integrated curriculum in agricultural education. Agricultural educators perceive that funding, equipment and teacher knowledge are the largest barriers to adopting integrated science curriculum. Agricultural educators most likely to teach biotechnology have less years of teaching experience, have attended some biotechnology training, and perceive that the curriculum will fulfill their program needs.
Foreshocks , aftershocks , and remote triggering in quasi-static fault models

[1] We present the results of time-space analysis of synthetic catalogs, generated using a quasi-static discrete fault model that is governed by rateand state-dependent friction. These analyses reveal that increase in the postmain shock earthquake production rate occurs over an area surrounding the main shock rupture with dimensions that are several times larger than the main shock dimensions. We show that the increase in seismicity rate far from the main shock (where the static stress changes imposed by the main shock were small) is a consequence of multiple stress transfers and that the very distant aftershocks are not directly triggered by the main shock but that instead they are aftershocks of previous aftershocks. Snapshots of the fault state at progressive times prior to each main shock show that the regions which accelerated toward failure covered areas that were much larger than the final size of the main shock ruptures. As a result, as time approached the main shock time, the seismicity rate in these regions increased while the B value of the earthquake size distribution decreased. It has been previously suggested that remote seismicity rate increase could be triggered by the passage of seismic waves. Remote triggering in a quasi-static model indicates that it is not necessary to invoke such a ‘‘dynamic effect’’ in order to explain distant aftershocks.
Cumulative economic impact of future trade agreements on EU agriculture

This report presents potential effects of twelve free trade agreements (FTAs) under the current EU FTA agenda. It sheds some light on relatively balanced cumulated impacts in terms of trade, production and price for the EU agricultural sector as a whole, while quantifying also the market development for specific agricultural sectors. Different from a forecast exercise, it compares a conservative and an ambitious FTA scenario with a business as usual (reference) scenario.
Carbohydrate composition, in vitro digestion, and effects of xylanase and phytase on nutrient and energy digestibility by pigs in grains and grain coproducts

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of xylanase and phytase supplementation to swine diets based on corn, soybean meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and wheat bran. In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients were determined. Eight pigs (initial BW: 24.1 ± 1.9 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 diets and 8 periods. Four diets were formulated to meet the pig’s AA requirements using a low amount of crystalline AA, whereas 3 additional diets were formulated to contain greater amounts of crystalline AA. The last diet was unrelated to this experiment. The 4 low-AA diets included the control diet that contained no phytase or xylanase, the phytase diet that contained 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg, and 2 diets that contained 500 FTU/kg of phytase and 2,000 or 4,000 xylanase units/kg. The 3 high-AA diets contained 500 FTU/kg of phytase and 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 xylanase units/kg. Results indicated phytase improved (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, Ca, P, and most AA by 2.2, 13.9, 9.4, and approximately 2%, respectively, compared with the control diet. Phytase also improved (P < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca and P by 18.1 and 13.8%, respectively, compared with the control diet. Xylanase added to the low-AA diets improved (P < 0.05) the AID of DM, GE, and NDF by 2.3, 1.9, and 5.8%, respectively, compared with the
THE EFFECT OF PILOCARPINE MOUTHWASH ON SALIVA AMOUNT IN STUDENTS OF AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Dry mouth is a common disorder in the salivary function. Pilocarpine is one of the most common drugs in treatment of this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pilocarpine mouthwash on the saliva amount in students of Ahwaz Jundi Shapour University of Medical science. The study was designed as a double-blind, clinical trial, involving 86 healthy volunteers students. In the intervention group, the pilocarpine mouthwash 2% was used and the control group received normal saline 0.9%. Results were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney and chi-square (P < 0/05 was considered significant). Before intervention, significant differences were not existed between two groups, while immediately and after 60 minutes after using the mouthwash significant differences was seen between intervention group comparing to the control group (P=%004) (p=%027). The results indicate that using pilocarpine mouthwash increased amount of saliva was produced.
Critical Periods and Causes of Death in Avian Embryonic Development

ARIAN embryonic mortality has long been a subject of biological interest. It is also a problem oœ obvious economic importance. The total embryonic mortality of domestic fowl, Gallus gallus, has been progressively increasing for some time. Less than 30 years ago, when flocks were small and kept at large, the embryonic death rate rarely exceeded i0 per cent. As simple and primitive methods of poultry management have been replaced by such efficient modern practices as intensive feeding, breeding in confinement, and largescale artificial incubation, embryonic mortality has frequently risen to 25 per cent or more. Numerous investigations have attempted to determine the causes of death during the incubation period, and to explain the rising embryonic death rate. Studies have been made not only of chickens, but also of a number of other domestic birds and some game birds raised in captivity.
SN 2014J at M82 – I. A middle-class Type Ia supernova by all spectroscopic metrics

We present the intensive spectroscopic follow up of the type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2014J in the starburst galaxy M82. Twenty-seven optical spectra have been acquired from January 22 nd to September 1 st 2014 with the Isaac Newton (INT) and William Herschel (WHT) Telescopes. After correcting the observations for the recession velocity of M82 and for Milky Way and host galaxy extinction, we measured expansion velocities from spectral line blueshifts and pseudo-equivalent width of the strongest features in the spectra, which gives an idea on how elements are distributed within the ejecta. We position SN 2014J in the Benetti (2005), Branch et al. (2006) and Wang et al. (2009) diagrams. These diagrams are based on properties of the Si II features and provide dynamical and chemical information about the SN ejecta. The nearby SN 2011fe, which showed little evidence for reddening in its host galaxy, is shown as a reference for comparisons. SN 2014J is a border-line object between the Core-normal (CN) and Broad-line (BL) groups, which corresponds to an intermediate position between Low Velocity Gradient (LVG) and High Velocity Gradient (HVG) objects. SN 2014J follows the R(Si II){m 15 correlation, which conrms its classication as a relatively normal SN Ia. Our description of the SN Ia in terms of the evolution of the pseudo-equivalent width of various ions as well as the position in the various diagrams put this specic SN Ia into the overall sample of SN Ia.
Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

1 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China 2 School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China 3 Faculty of Biology, Thai Nguyen University of Education, No. 20, Luong Ngoc Quyen Street, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam 4 Ecole Normale Superieure, Departement des Sciences Naturelles, Boulevard du 28 Novembre, B.P 6983 Bujumbura, Burundi * Corresponding author, E-mail:dandan.cheng@cug.edu. cn
"SUBOPTIMAL" KIDNEY DONORS

Female, pecliatric, and older donors have bee~'~ elated with iDfer10r paft IlU'Vivai after reDaI. traD8plantation. We anaIyzecl these three sublP'Oups°in 88'7 patients receivina tacrolhnua-bued. immunosuppression. There were no cWrerences in recipient age, incidence of retransplantation, or percentage of 8eD8ltized patients. Female donors, compared with male donors, were 8880Clated with comparable 1and a-year patient 81U"Vlval rates (98% and 93% VB. 95% and 91%, respectively) and comparable 1and a-year graft survival rates (90% and 80% va. 88% and 81 %, respectively). Renal function was also slmilar. Recipients of pediatric en bloc kidneys, when compared with recipients of other cadaveric kidneys, also had comparable 1and a-year patient survival rates (94% and 94% VB. 95% and 91%, respectively) and comparable 1and a-year graft survival rates (84% and 84% VB. 89% and 79%, respectively). Renal function was better in recipients of en bloc kidneys, with a mean serum creatinine level of 1.4%1.8 mgldl vs. 2.0%1.5 mg/dl (P=O.OI). In contrast to the first two subgroups, donors over 80 yean of age, when compared with donors under 80 yean of age, were associated with worse 1and a-year patient survival rates (88% and 80% vs. 98% and 94%, respectively; P<O.03) and worse 1and a-year graft survival rates (74% and 62% vs. 91% and 83%, respectively; P<O.OOOl). Renal function was worse in the older donor group, with a serum creatinine level of 2.7:U.2 mglml vs. 1.9%1.5 mgldl (P=O.Ol). We conclude that, under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, kidneys from female or very young pediatric donors are not associated with adverse outcomes, whereas kidneys from donors over 80 yean of age are 8880Ciated with inferior outcomes.
Validity of Creative Responsibility Based Learning: An Innovative Physics Learning to Prepare the Generation of Creative and Responsibility

Learning physics has been able to improve the responsibility of the students to be creative in overcoming the impact of the development of science and technology. The purpose of this study was to describe the validity of the Creative Responsibility Based Learning (CRBL) model to increase accountability, science process skills, and scientific creativity of students.Collecting data use preliminary research and validation phase of physics learning expert in the Focus Group Discussion. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The tests have shown that there is conformance to requirements, design models meet the provisions novelty scientific knowledge, and there is consistency between the components of internal models. The CRBL model has valid can be used to improve the responsibility, process skills, and scientific creativity of students. The CRBL model has been able to support the implementation of the National Qualifications Framework Indonesia (i.e. KKNI in Indonesia) to produce the competence of graduates of higher education of creative and responsibility.
The Scale for Existential Thinking

This study introduced the construct of existential thinking, which we defined as the tendency to explore the fundamental concerns of human existence and the capacity to engage in a meaning-making process that locates oneself in respect to these issues. We also assessed the psychometric properties of the 11-item “Scale for Existential Thinking” (SET). In two studies, we found the SET to have unidimensional factor structure and good reliability diagnostics in both student and adult samples. Moreover, the SET showed construct validity by correlating with meaning in life, curiosity, and other existential variables. Furthermore, we found meaning in life to mediate the relation of existential thinking and existential wellbeing, which supports our conceptualization of existential thinking as a meaning-making process.
Development of Pattern Recognition Methods for Golf Swing Motion Analysis

The golf swing is one of the most complex movement sequences in any sports. Even human experts can be overwhelmed by the amount of details that have to be taken into account for its analysis. We present a novel pattern recognition approach that can help in this analysis by automatically and robustly evaluating even tiny swing differences. Our approach is based on the accurate 3D spatiotemporal information about the posture of the golfer and the position of the club that the TaylorMade MAT-T motion-capture based swing measurement system provides. Golf club fitting experts have been using these systems throughout the last decade and have captured more than 500 000 swings worldwide. Based on the positional data contained in this unique database, we developed a feature description of the golf swing with the goal of classifying even small differences between groups of players. In this manuscript, we show the results of the application of several classifiers to two selected problems of group classification. The presented system can be used for example to distinguish expert from novice players. The information that is calculated by our software tool can substantially support the process of golf club fitting and furthermore assist coaches and golfers to improve performance.
Expression of Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein in Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Background : Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) recently has been identified as a metastasis suppressor in a variety of human carcinomas. The prognostic significance of RKIP expression in extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) carcinoma has not been studied. The aims of the current study were to evaluate RKIP expression and to determine the prognostic significance of RKIP expression in EBD carcinoma. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining for RKIP was performed for 131 cases of EBD carcinoma. The associations of RKIP expression with clinicopathologic parameters and patient outcomes were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictive parameters for lymphovascular invasion and nodal and distant metastases. Results : Loss of RKIP expression was observed in 55.0% (72/131) of cases. EBD carcinoma had significantly lower RKIP immunoreactivity than normal EBD (p < 0.001). Loss of RKIP expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (p = 0.030) and nodal metastasis (p = 0.036), but it was not found to be a significant prognostic predictor for overall, disease-free or distant metastasis-free survival. In addition, loss of RKIP expression was an independent predictor for lymphatic invasion (p = 0.027). Conclusions : These results suggest that RKIP may play a role in the suppression of lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis in EBD carcinoma.
Quantifying the role of colonization history and biotic interactions in shaping communities –a community transplant approach

The role of colonization history and subsequent biotic interactions in determining the species composition in communities has long been the subject of debate in ecology. While one narrative has emphasized deterministic assembly rules, another has emphasized historical contingency. One problem lies in approach: community studies are typically either manipulative but somewhat unnatural, or observational but lacking manipulation. Furthermore, while most ecologists now recognize that both historical and biotic factors shape communities, too few studies have moved beyond qualitative descriptions of their roles. Here we use a manipulative approach that leverages natural variation to provide quantitative estimates of the relative contributions of colonization history and the subsequent biotic interactions. 384 communities were developed on artificial substrata in a homogeneous environment before undergoing reciprocal transplantation. We then compare community structure before and after transplantation as proxies for colonization history and biotic interactions. We found that the importance of history and the ensuing biotic environment differed at different times in community development. Early transplantations resulted in the local environment modifying community history faster compared to postponed transplantations. With a four-week difference in age, colonization history explained 20% more of the variation in older communities than in younger communities. Biotic interactions were able to modify colonization history at the age of 16 weeks, but older communities showed more resistance to the changing biotic environment. Our method provides a manipulative and quantitative approach for understanding the relative contributions of colonization history and biotic interactions to community in natural systems.
Cooperation in Social Dilemmas Through Position Uncertainty

We present a natural environment that sustains full co-operation in one-shot social dilemmas among a finite number of self-interested agents. Players sequentially decide whether to contribute to a public good. They do not know their position in the sequence, but observe the actions of some predecessors. Since agents realise that their own action may be observed, they have an incentive to contribute in order to induce potential successors to also do so. Full contribution can then emerge in equilibrium. The same environment leads to full co-operation in the prisoners’ dilemma.