Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of provider breastfeeding encouragement timing: Evidence from a large population-based study

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the healthiest and most economical form of infant nutrition. Although research hasindicated that professional support increases the length of time women breastfeed, the optimal timing of provider encouragementto sustain mothers’ breastfeeding is unknown. We evaluated the impact of the timing of provider encouragement on breastfeedinginitiation and three-month duration, especially among racial/ethnic minority mothers who have been underrepresented inbreastfeeding outcomes research. Methods: We used data from the 2010 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) Survey. LAMB is a population-based mailsurvey, distributed to women in Los Angeles County who recently gave birth to a live infant. Participants were asked abouttheir perceptions of provider encouragement of breastfeeding at three specific time points: during prenatal care visits, during thebirth hospital stay after the baby was born, and during early well-baby checkups. Mothers were asked whether they breastfed orpumped breast milk to feed their baby after delivery and if they were still breastfeeding at the time of the survey. Results: Overall, 87.6% of LA County mothers initiated breastfeeding after delivery. At 3 months, 60% were still breastfeeding.Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between provider encouragement at the delivery hospitaland breastfeeding initiation (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.60-3.96) that was significant across all races/ethnicity. Encouragementduring well-baby checkups was positively associated with breastfeeding at 3 months (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.22-1.93). Thislatter association was found among all races and ethnicities, except for Black mothers. There was no association betweenencouragement provided during prenatal care and breastfeeding practices. Conclusions: The optimal timing of provider encouragement on breastfeeding initiation is likely during the birth hospitalization,while sustained breastfeeding likely requires professional support after discharge. Culturally appropriate interventions to maintainpositive breastfeeding practices must be identified, especially for black mothers.
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TEST OF PATHOGENIC LISTERIA SPECIES IN LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND FARM ENVIRONMENT OF ODISHA*

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of Listeria species in different animal and farms of Odisha. A total of 456 samples including 386 clinical samples and 70 environmental samples collected from different animals like cattle, sheep, goat, pig and poultry of different farms were screened for presence of Listeria species and 33 Listeria species were isolated which on pathogenicity testing revealed 5 L. monocytogenes and 3 L. ivanovii to be pathogenic. On biochemical characterization they were identified as L. monocytogenes , L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. welshimeri , L. seeligeri and L. gray i with prevalence rate of 1.75, 0.65, 1.75, 1.53, 1.31 and 0.21 percent respectively. Out of these isolates 5 L. monocytogenes and 2 L. ivanovii were found to be pathogenic in nature. Similarly prevalence of Listeria in different animals revealed 6.49% from cattle, 10% from sheep, 12.5% from goat, 15.83% from pig and 7.14% from poultry. Screening of environmental samples revealed isolation of 4 Listeria species with sewage having the highest prevalence followed by soil. Antibiotic sensitivity study indicated high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, livofloxacin, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin where as high resistance were observed against gentamycin, penicillin G, cephadroxil, ceftriaxone, cephotaxim and oxytetracycin.
Textiles and Radiocarbon Dating

Natural textiles provide suitable material for radiocarbon dating. Short-lived organic matter is usually involved and, if 14C dating is applied to pieces that are stylistically well dated, a better understanding of 14C dating of this type of material can be gained. This study presents some examples of dating that support the stylistic dates. Repeated analyses illustrate the robustness of the standard treatment applied to the textiles.
In situ distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the liver: Relationship to histopathology and serum HCV- RNA levels

In situ hybridization (ISH) technique was applied to 60 liver biopsies obtained from Egyptian patients with chronic HCV hepatitis in an attempt to: assess the tissue localization of HCV RNA in the liver and to investigate its relationship to the liver pathology, serum level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and viral load in the serum. No similar studies have been reported from Egypt, which is an area of high HCV prevalence. ISH labeling for HCV was observed in 24 of the 60 liver biopsies from HCV infected patients (40%) as compared to the complete negative ISH results in the 10 control liver biopsies from patients with non HCV hepatitis. ISH positivity was seen only in the liver cells and it was usually cytoplasmic. ISH results were not significantly related to the patients’ age, sex, histologic features of HCV hepatitis, grade of disease activity, stage of fibrosis, serum ALT levels or serum HCV RNA. However, ISH was statistically correlated to the grade of liver cell dysplasia (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001). The latter was also significantly correlated to the level of HCV RNA in the serum as measured by branched DNA technique (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the present study suggests that the load of HCV RNA in the liver is not related to extent of liver injury, serum ALT levels or the viral load in the serum. More importantly, the significant correlation between the grade of dysplasia and both the tissue and serum load of the virus, leads to the assumption that HCV has a direct carcinogenic effect on liver cells.
Sub-3 nm Particles Detection in a Large Photoreactor Background: Possible Implications for New Particles Formation Studies in a Smog Chamber

New particles formation experiments have been conducted in the experimental multiphasic atmospheric simulation chamber (CESAM) smog chamber. The nucleation events generated during the dark ozonolysis of sabinene were monitored using a neutral cluster and air ions spectrometer in the size range 0.8–42 nm under simulated atmospheric conditions. The measurements show that a significant amount of pre-existing clusters exist in the 1–2 nm size range even in very clean controlled conditions. Numerical modeling experiments indicate that a range of 9–67% of pre-existing clusters can explain, through activation by organic vapors, the number of new particles formed when sabinene is oxidized, with an increasing contributing fraction for increasing condensable vapor concentrations. These findings suggest that atmospheric simulation chambers backgrounds have to be carefully characterized for their sub-3-nm neutral cluster concentration content before nucleation parameterizations can be derived. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
SOURCE CREDIBILITY OF COMPANY-PRODUCED AND USER-GENERATED CONTENT ON THE INTERNET: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE FILIPINO YOUTH

This study explores the Filipino youth's perception of source credibility of Company-Produced Content (CPC) and User-Generated Content (UGC) on the Internet. CPC advertisements have content that is controlled by the company, while UGC creations are owned and managed by users not related to the firm. Results from a paired samples t-test (n=120) suggest that the youth find UGC sources such as bloggers, video uploaders, and forum posters more credible than companies, despite being personally unknown or unrelated to the user. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions

A new specialist driftwood talitrid from the Swale, U.K., is figured and described as Neotenorchestia kenwildishi gen. n. , sp. n. A further new driftwood talitrid, Macarorchestia pavesiae sp. n. , is figured and described from coastal regions in the Adriatic Sea. Orchestia microphtalma Amanieu & Salvat, 1963 from the Atlantic coast of France is re-designated as Macarorchestia microphtalma (Amanieu & Salvat, 1963). A key is provided for the known species of driftwood talitrids in northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions.
Heavy Metal Levels in Some Fish Species Sold at Retail in Elazig

In this study, the levels of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and iron in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sold in Elazig fish market were determined. A total of 60 fish samples (15 samples for each fish species) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer. Average levels of cadmium and lead in the samples, except rainbow trout, were found higher than the maximum acceptable levels established by Turkish Food Codex while levels of copper, zinc and iron in the samples were below. Among the four types of fish samples analyzed, the highest levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and iron were found in common carp while the highest level of lead was in sea bass. According to our results, 50 of 60 (83.3%) fish samples analyzed were not acceptable for human consumption.
Foreign Language Identity and English Achievement at a Specific Educational Level

The present study aimed not only to study the factorial structure of 30-indicator Foreign Language Identity Scale (FLIS) within an educationally controlled level but also to explore its relationships with the achievement of English as a foreign language (EFL). To this end, the FLIS was administered to six hundred and eighty grade three high school (G3HS) students in Mashhad, Iran, and their responses were subjected to Principal Axis Factoring. The rotation of results via Varimax with Kaiser Normalization and removing low cross loading indicators yielded five factors, i.e., Idealized Reception, Idealized Society, First Languaculture, Idealized Self-Expression, and Idealized Communication. The findings thus confirm EFL identity as a factorial construct whose five dimensions correlate significantly with each other. With the exception of First Languaculture which emphasis the relationship between G3HS students’ Persian and EFL identity, Idealized Reception, Idealized Society, Idealized Self-Expression, and Idealized Communication correlate significantly with EFL achievement. Among these factors, Idealized Reception shows the strongest relationship with EFL achievement followed by the FLIS itself. The results are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
Prediction of the Chemical Composition of Fresh Whole Crop Barley Silages by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid and accurate method of evaluating some chemical compositions in forages and feedstuff. This study was carried out to explore the accuracy of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the prediction of chemical parameters of fresh whole crop barley silages. A representative population of 284 fresh whole crop barley silages was used as a database for studying the possibilities of NIRS to predict chemical composition. Samples of silage were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range 680~2,500 nm and the optical data were recorded as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R) and were scanned in fresh condition. NIRS calibrations were developed by means of partial least-squares (PLS) regression. NIRS analysis of fresh whole crop barley silages provided accurate predictions of moisture, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP) and pH, as well as lactic acid content with correlation coefficients of cross-validation (R 2 cv) of 0.96, 0.81, 0.79, 0.84, 0.72 and 0.78, respectively, and standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 1.26, 2.83, 2.18, 1.19, 0.13 and 0.32% DM, respectively. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of the NIRS method to predict the chemical parameters of fresh whole crop barley silages as a routine analysis method in feeding value evaluation and for farmer advice.
Sparse Bayesian Additive Nonparametric Regression with Application to Health Effects of Pesticides Mixtures

In many practical problems that simultaneously investigate the joint effect of covariates, we first need to identify the subset of significant covariates, and then estimate their joint effect. An example is an epidemiological study that analyzes the effects of exposure variables on a health response. In order to make inferences on the covariate effects, we propose a Bayesian additive nonparametric regression model with a multivariate continuous shrinkage prior to address the model uncertainty and to identify important covariates. Our general approach is to decompose the response function into the sum of the nonlinear main effects and the two-way interaction terms. Then we apply the computationally advantageous Bayesian variable selection method to identify the important effects. The proposed Bayesian method is a multivariate Dirichlet–Laplace prior that aggressively shrinks many terms toward zero, thus mitigating the noise of including unimportant exposures and isolating the effects of the important covariates. Our theoretical studies demonstrate asymptotic prediction and variable selection consistency properties. In addition, we use numerical simulations to evaluate the model performance in terms of prediction and variable selection under practical scenarios. The method is applied to a neurobehavioral data set from the Agricultural Health Study that investigates the association between pesticide usage and neurobehavioral outcomes in farmers. The proposed method shows improved accuracy in predicting the joint effects on the neurobehavioral responses, while restricting the number of covariates included in the model through variable selection.
Modelling ethanol supply, demand and price in the Brazilian macro economy

The Brazilian program for sugarcane ethanol has been greatly successful since its inception about 40 years ago. But the road has been bumpy and today there are still major problems with price, supply and demand stability. This paper describes a research with the objective to propose policies by the government to stabilise and foster the Ethanol market in Brazil. The policies are tested by simulation. For that purpose a system dynamics model was built and calibrated to mimic the industry. Once the model is considered robust, it is used to test several proposed policies under different macroeconomic scenario forecasts. Historical evidence and the simulations suggest that the dynamics in the system are highly important in defining prices and other important variables. Shifts in sugar and gasoline prices have big short term and delayed influence in the ethanol market dynamics. The effects of long term dynamics are mixed with several short and long term cycles typical of commodities markets and the combination increases complexity exponentially. Simulation can be a crucial tool for understanding causality and planning sound policies for the medium to long terms. 1. Problem and Purpose In the 1970s Brazil started a national program for sugarcane ethanol. As the technology evolved, ethanol produced from sugarcane was added to gasoline in an increasing proportion (fixed by the government). In 1979 the industry started producing ethanol vehicles, boosting the market still further (Moreira & Goldemberg, 1999); (MartinesFilho et al, 2006). During the month of may in 2011 several reports on the news in Brazil were discussing how ethanol prices had fallen more than 14% in the preceding three weeks. Other reports speculated that the big instabilities on price were expected to continue to happen. Some weeks before, protests were taking place as fuel prices kept soaring to a record high. At least three editorial texts related to this crisis were found in one of the biggest newspapers in the country during this month, what shows how worried the public was with the problem (Folha de Sao Paulo, 1994-2012). The volatility in prices was mentioned as a serious issue that leads to lack of trust in the energy matrix and undermines companies and consumers' confidence leading to a decreased level of investments which may affect the whole macroeconomic productivity and growth. Figure 1 shows the evolution of prices for ethanol since 2003, where the volatility is clear. Figure 1. Ethanol wholesale prices evolution (R$ 2010/litre) Source: CEPEA (2012), corrected with IGP-DI 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Core / Shell Structure of TiO 2-Coated MWCNTs for Thermal Protection for High-Temperature Processing of Metal Matrix Composites

,e production of metal matrix composites with elevated mechanical properties depends largely on the reinforcing phase properties. Due to the poor oxidation resistance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as their high reactivity with moltenmetal, the processing conditions for the production ofMWCNT-reinforcedmetal matrix composites may be an obstacle to their successful use as reinforcement. Coating MWCNTs with a ceramic material that acts as a thermal protection would be an alternative to improve oxidation stability. In this work, MWCNTs previously functionalized were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers of different thicknesses, producing a core-shell structure. Heat treatments at three different temperatures (500°C, 750°C, and 1000°C) were performed on coated nanotubes in order to form a stable metal oxide structure. ,e MWCNT/TiO2 hybrids produced were evaluated in terms of thermal stability. ,ermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed in order to investigate TiO2-coated MWCNT structure and thermal stability under oxidative atmosphere. It was found that the thermal stability of the TiO2-coated MWCNTs was dependent of the TiO2 layer morphology that in turn depends on the heat treatment temperature.
Connections between recent Olech-type lemmas and Visintin's theorem

A recent Olech-type lemma of Artstein-Rzezuchowski [2] and its generalization in [7] are shown to follow from Visintin’s theorem, by exploiting a well-known property of extreme points of the integral of a multifunction. 1. Main results. Let (Ω,F , μ) be a nonatomic finite measure space, and let F : Ω → 2Rd be a given multifunction with measurable graph and closed values. Recall that the integral of the multifunction F over Ω is defined by ∫
A comparative study of three non-nutritive sweeteners effects on insulin andglucose in healthy, non-diabetic adults.

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are sugar substitutes that provide the sweet taste with few or no calories. NNS are widely used for weight management, dental caries prevention, and diabetic diets. In addition, several low calorie diet food and beverages use NNS or their components. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of some NNS on blood glucose and insulin as compared to a glucose solution and placebo in healthy, non-diabetic adults. Thirty five healthy, non-diabetic subjects aged 18 to 40 with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) were selected randomly and divided into 5 groups. Each group received a different solution. Group 1 received 9 g of Canderel®, group 2 received 9 g of Nevella®, group 3 received 9 g of Canderel Green Stevia®, group 4 received 75 g of glucose and group 5 received only water. Serum glucose and insulin levels were performed fasting and one hour after ingestion of each solution. No differences were observed between the genders (p>0.05). The pre and post prandial blood glucose did not differ significantly between the 3 NNS groups and water (p>0.05). Insulin levels increased postprandially in the Canderel® and glucose groups (p 0.05). In conclusion, the NSS are not all similar, there is a clear difference among the groups between the NNS, glucose and water intake. Canderel® was the only NNS that caused a rise in insulin levels without any effect on blood glucose in healthy subjects. It might not be the preferred NNS to use due to its potential effects on the beta cells and insulin resistance possibly putting the consumer at risk of developing diabetes or pre-diabetes.
Climate Sensitivity and Potential Vulnerability of Guatemalan Fir (Abies guatemalensis) Forests in Totonicapán, Guatemala

abstract:Despite continued forest loss and extensive demand for wood products throughout Guatemala, the locally managed and protected forests of Totonicapán remain some of the most intact within the country. Here, we study the growth rings of Guatemalan fir (Pinaceae, Abies guatemalensis Rehder, pinabete) at Totonicapán to assess environmental influences on tree growth and the potential vulnerability of these forests to climate change in the western highlands. We find that late summer and dry season precipitation are critical drivers in annual ring-width variability and that tree growth responds negatively to warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific. Considering our results in light of future climate model projections for Central America, we suggest that these forests will become increasingly susceptible to widespread drying and higher temperatures. Such shifts could fundamentally jeopardize an endemic and endangered tree species that has traditionally been preserved by K’iche’ communal governance and that is highly regarded for its ecosystem services and role in the Guatemalan economy.resumen:A pesar de la pérdida continua de bosques y la amplia demanda de productos maderables en toda Guatemala, los bosques protegidos y manejados por las comunidades locales de Totonicapán forman parte de algunos de los más intactos del país. En este estudio analizamos los anillos del tronco arbóreo de pinabete (Pinaceae, Abies guatemalensis Rehder) de Totonicapán para evaluar las influencias ambientales sobre el crecimiento arbóreo y la vulnerabilidad de los bosques ante potenciales cambios en el ambiente en el altiplano del país. Encontramos que la precipitación al final del verano y la de la estación seca son claves para la variabilidad anual del crecimiento arbóreo y que los arboles responden negativamente a las anomalías cálidas de las temperaturas de la superficie del mar en el Pacífico tropical oriental. Considerando nuestros resultados ante las proyecciones de modelos climáticos para Centroamérica, sugerimos que estos bosques van a ser cada vez más susceptibles a sequías generalizadas y aumentos en la temperatura. Estos cambios pueden poner en peligro una especie endé-mica y amenazada que tradicionalmente ha sido conservada por la gobernanza comunal de los K’iche’ y que es altamente valorada por sus servicios ecosistémicos y su rol en la economía guatemalteca.