Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crossover Memories and Code-Switching in the Narratives of Arabic-Hebrew and Hebrew-English Bilingual Adults in Israel

This study examines two bilingual phenomena in the narratives of Arabic Hebrew and Hebrew-English bilingual adults in Israel: CO memories and code-switching (CS). The study examined these phenomena in the context of autobiographical memory, using a cue word technique. Student experimenters held two sessions in the homes of the participants. In separate language sessions, the participant was asked to look first at each of 16 cue words and then to state a concrete memory. After stating the memory, participants reported whether their memories were in the same language of the experiment session or different. Memories were classified as ‘Crossovers’ (CO) or ‘Same Language’ (SL) according to participants' self-reports. Participants were also required to elaborate about the setting, interlocutors and other languages involved in the specific memory. Beyond replicating the procedure of cuing technique, one memory from a specific lifespan period was chosen per participant, and the participant was required to provide further details about it. For the more detailed memories, CS count was conducted. Both bilingual groups confirmed the Reminiscence Bump phenomenon, retrieving more memories in the 10-30 age period. CO memories prevailed in second language sessions (L2). Same language memories were more abundant in first language sessions (L1). Higher CS frequency was found in L2 sessions. Finally, as predicted, 'individual' CS was prevalent in L2 sessions, but 'community-based' CS was not higher in L1 sessions. The two bilingual measures in this study, crossovers, and CS came from different research traditions, the former from an experimental paradigm in the psychology of autobiographical memory based on self-reported judgments, the latter a behavioral measure from linguistics. This merger of approaches offers new insight into the field of bilingual autobiographical memory. In addition, the study attempted to shed light on the investigation of motivations for CS, beginning with Walters’ SPPL Model and concluding with a distinction between ‘community-based’ and individual motivations. Keywords—Autobiographical memory, code-switching, crossover memories, reminiscence bump.
Identifying values and beliefs in an outcomes-based curriculum

The introduction of Curriculum 2005 and the National Curriculum Statement emphasised the Outcomes-Based Education approach to school education. In an analysis of Curriculum 2005 and the National Curriculum Statement, value and belief systems are identified and integrated in most of the eight learning areas. The multicultural and multireligious character of the South African society holds important implications for education, as the different values that are inherent in each belief system have to be accommodated in societal structures. Research has indicated that most teachers have not played an active or successful role in teaching different values and beliefs in schools. Most of these teachers will now be responsible for the implementation of C2005 and the NCS and their associated values. There is therefore a need for teachers to be sensitised to the different values embedded in each belief system and all cultureal orientations. The prevalence of values and belief systems in the OBE curricula of C2005 and the NCS will have to be acknowledged, identified, and promoted. South African Journal of Education Vol.24(1) 2004: 25-30
Catching Liars: Why it can be so Hard

Considerable research reveals that most people, including mental health and law enforcement professionals, are remarkably poor at catching liars, doing no better than chance. Our comparative inability to detect deception poses a profound threat to the reliability of forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations of criminal defendants intended to assess such things as current mental status and future dangerousness. In forensic evaluations, where one’s personal freedom, even life, can be at stake, some clients, perhaps more than some, will inevitably dissemble. This essay provides a brief and non-technical description of the research my students and we have conducted designed to better understand the reasons for which detecting deception is so difficult. In this regard, and consistent with much previous research, we discovered that in assessing the verbal content of other persons’ statements, it is possible with a good degree of reliability to differentiate between true and deceptive statements of criminal defendants. We also found that the “truth” is itself a multidimensional concept and that truthful versus false statements differ with regard to both the quantity and quality of information contained in a statement. While multiple challenges exist to accurately detect deception, our data strongly suggested that it may be so difficult to catch liars because it requires more cognitive work to identify false rather than true statements. Indeed, the data indicate that determining a statement is true appears to involve a one-step cognitive process while determining a statement is false appears to involve a two-step cognitive process, whereby a false statement is recognized as lacking attributes of truthfulness while simultaneously manifesting attributes of deception. That it would be more difficult to recognize falsehoods and require more cognitive work does not seem surprising considering that the identification of a lie forces us to look below and reject the surface meaning of a statement concluding that the statement is not simply inaccurate but actually intended to deceive or mislead us. On a more positive note, even though deception is ubiquitous in human relationships and a significant number of dangerous liars will be successful, the accuracy of deception detection can be improved by the application of the findings from verbal content analysis identifying those statement attributes characteristic of truthfulness versus deception. It would seem especially important for forensic psychologists and psychiatrists to be aware of research capable of assisting them in assessing the veracity of criminal defendants participating in court-ordered evaluations.
Exploration-exploitation trade-offs via probabilistic matrix factorization

Movie recommendation has become a hot topic in the recent years. Companies which sell or rent movies have larger and larger catalogs. Therefore, recommending the best movies to the users has become more important with time. Making good recommendations accounts to higher user engagement and higher profits for the companies. Usually movie recommender systems are aiming at predicting the ratings for each user-movie pair. The most popular solutions for the problem, defined that way, are based on probabilistic matrix factorization. We approached the topic from a different angle. Instead of predicting all ratings, we modeled the recommendation as a sequential decision problem in which we repeatedly suggest movies to a given user and receive feedback about the quality of our suggestions. That setup is similar to the problem of multiarmed bandits. The main contribution of the current thesis is combining probabilistic matrix factorization with bandit-like algorithms for solving the movie recommendation problem as sequential decision problem. We introduced greedy (purely exploitation) algorithm which had big improvement over a naive non-learning solution. Then we introduced upper confidence bound (UCB) solution which further improved the performance.
A Natural Experiment for Inferring Causal Association between Smoking and Tooth Loss: A Study of a Workplace Contemporary Cohort

Background: Natural experiments in former smokers are an important criterion for inferring causality between smoking and tooth loss. We examined how former smoking influenced risk estimate of tooth loss incidence. Methods: Records of dental check-ups of the work cohort were examined. The sample consisted of data from 1,724 workers recorded at the ages of 40 years and 50 years, and this was analyzed for tooth loss incidence during a 10-year period. Former smokers were categorized into two groups based on whether they quit smoking before or during the observational period. Variables used for adjustment were age, sex, oral and overall health behavior, dental visit, and number of existing teeth immediately prior to observation. Results: The prevalence of tooth loss incidence and number of teeth lost during the observational period were both higher in current smokers than in never smokers (33.7% vs. 23.9% and 0.83 vs. 0.42, respectively). Incident odds ratio of tooth loss in long-term quitters relative to never smokers was not significant and less than one (incident odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.56â€“1.29). Incident odds ratios of short-term quitters and current smokers were both significant, though short-term quitters exhibited higher values (1.72, 1.15â€“2.55) than current smokers (1.48, 1.10â€“2.00). Conclusions: The causal interpretation is strengthened by attenuation of the risk in long-term quitters. However, additional factors may influence the risk estimates of former smokers, suggesting potential limitations of a natural experiment for inferring causal association between smoking and tooth loss.
Somatic and Body Composition Factors Underlying Aerobic Capacity

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of somatic and body composition variables on aerobic capacity among the male college students. Five hundred (250 trained and 250 untrained) young college levels male students (mean age 20.54 years) participated in this study. In order to evaluate the somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy) and body composition variables (body mass index, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass, % skeletal mass and body surface area) researcher applied a testing procedure that included measurements of height (cm), body weight (kg), five muscle girths (upper arm, fore arm, chest, thigh and calf) in cm, four bone diameters (humerus, bistyloid, femur and bimalleolus) in cm, and eight skinfolds thickness (triceps, sub-scapular, suprailiac, pectoral, axilla, abdominal, thigh and calf) in mm. Estimation of aerobic capacity through V O2max. Queen College Step Test was administered. A negative correlation was found between the body fat percentage and V O2max. Also a negative correlation was found to V O2max.with body surface area and endomorphy of both trained and untrained groups. The lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and mesomorphy components of somatotype have the greatest positive correlations with V O2max.
The impacts of climate, land use, and demography on fires during the 21st century simulated by CLM-CN

Abstract. Landscape fires during the 21st century are expected to change in response to multiple agents of global change. Important controlling factors include climate controls on the length and intensity of the fire season, fuel availability, and fire management, which are already anthropogenically perturbed today and are predicted to change further in the future. An improved understanding of future fires will contribute to an improved ability to project future anthropogenic climate change, as changes in fire activity will in turn impact climate. In the present study we used a coupled-carbon-fire model to investigate how changes in climate, demography, and land use may alter fire emissions. We used climate projections following the SRES A1B scenario from two different climate models (ECHAM5/MPI-OM and CCSM) and changes in population. Land use and harvest rates were prescribed according to the RCP 45 scenario. In response to the combined effect of all these drivers, our model estimated, depending on our choice of climate projection, an increase in future (2075–2099) fire carbon emissions by 17 and 62% compared to present day (1985–2009). The largest increase in fire emissions was predicted for Southern Hemisphere South America for both climate projections. For Northern Hemisphere Africa, a region that contributed significantly to the global total fire carbon emissions, the response varied between a decrease and an increase depending on the climate projection. We disentangled the contribution of the single forcing factors to the overall response by conducting an additional set of simulations in which each factor was individually held constant at pre-industrial levels. The two different projections of future climate change evaluated in this study led to increases in global fire carbon emissions by 22% (CCSM) and 66% (ECHAM5/MPI-OM). The RCP 45 projection of harvest and land use led to a decrease in fire carbon emissions by −5%. The RCP 26 and RCP 60 harvest and landuse projections caused decreases around −20%. Changes in human ignition led to an increase of 20%. When we also included changes in fire management efforts to suppress fires in densely populated areas, global fire carbon emission decreased by −6% in response to changes in population density. We concluded from this study that changes in fire emissions in the future are controlled by multiple interacting factors. Although changes in climate led to an increase in future fire emissions this could be globally counterbalanced by coupled changes in land use, harvest, and demography.
Local properties of algebraic correspondences

Introduction. The author has developed in [l](2) a method of approach to the theory of algebraic correspondences between algebraic varieties; the method is based upon the consideration of a certain form ^t.vi associated to each cycle 3 of an algebraic variety. Any logically sound method of defining algebraic systems of cycles on a variety V must display a one-to-one correspondence (strictly one-to-one! ) between a variety G (that is, the set of its points) and the cycles of a set S of cycles on V, the set Ê being the one to be called an algebraic system of cycles. In the theory developed in [l] the variety G turns out to be constructed with the coefficients of the form ^¡. ¡A, where A is the "general element" of S. The consideration of G is necessary in order to establish a 1-1 correspondence, and in order to prove that the cycles of F of a given order and dimension form an algebraic system (Theorem 5.5 of [l]); but Theorem 5.1 of [l] states that whenever an algebraic correspondence D between two varieties F, V has been established, the cycles of V which correspond to the points of F according to D form an algebraic system, with possibly the exception of the correspondents of the fundamental points of D on F, and of certain other points at which F has more than one sheet. Therefore the study of algebraic correspondences remains the basic tool for investigating properties of algebraic systems which are deeper than the mere foundations. Hence it is to be expected that the availability of various methods suited to the study of algebraic correspondences should prove to be useful in order to select, for any particular application, the one which yields results more readily or with more details. It is with this reason in mind that in the present paper, rather than selecting the shortest path to the main results, we indulge in giving detailed expressions for the "multiplicity" with which a given component has to be "counted" in constructing the cycle D {P} of V corresponding to the point P of F according to D. The manner of defining such multiplicity is the backbone of the whole theory of algebraic correspondences, since the actual determination of the components of D\P} does not offer any difficulty. The definition used in [l] is the following one: those multiplicities are the exponents of the irreducible factors of the form ~&t,yA, after operating a "specialization" on the coefficients
Accuracy of Cephalometric Analyses and Tooth Movements of Conventional vs CBCT-Generated Cephalograms

xi Chapter 1. Review of Literature . 1 2. Accuracy of Cephalometric Analyses and Tooth Movements of Conventional vs CBCT-Generated Cephalograms . 8 Abstract . 8 Introduction . 10 Statement of Problem . 12 Purpose of Study . 12 Null Hypothesis . 13 Materials and Methods . 13 Inclusion Criteria . 13 Exclusion Criteria . 14 Conventional Lateral Cephalogram Tracing . 14 CBCT-Generated Cephalogram Tracing . 17 Cephalometric Measurements . 19 Measurements of Tooth Movements . 22 Intraexaminer Reliability . 29 Statistical Analysis . 29 Results . 30 Discussion . 37 Cephalometric Measurements . 38 Measurements of Tooth Movements . 40 General Source of Variability . 42
Aggregate Power Flexibility in Unbalanced Distribution Systems

With a large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), distribution systems are expected to be capable of providing capacity support for the transmission grid. To effectively harness the collective flexibility from massive DER devices, this paper studies distribution-level power aggregation strategies for transmission-distribution interaction. In particular, this paper proposes a method to model and quantify the aggregate power flexibility, i.e., the net power injection achievable at the substation, in unbalanced distribution systems over time. Incorporating the network constraints and multi-phase unbalanced modeling, the proposed method obtains an effective approximate feasible region of the net power injection. For any aggregate power trajectory within this region, it is proved that there exists a feasible disaggregation solution. In addition, a distributed model predictive control (MPC) framework is developed for practical implementation of the transmission-distribution interaction. At last, we demonstrate the performances of the proposed method via numerical tests on a real-world distribution feeder with 126 multi-phase nodes.
Factors governing longitudinal variation in benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of a small Vindhyan river in Central Highlands ecoregion (central India)

Variation in the taxonomic composition of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna was examined in the Paisuni river at four stations (P1 to P4) located longitudinally along the river, with P1 being nearest the source of origin. The fauna was dominated by insects at all the stations. Total density increased from P1 to P3, decreased at P4 and differed significantly among the stations. Increase in the relative abundance from P1 to P4 was observed for Baetidae, Chironomidae and Gomphidae, and a decrease for Leptophlebiidae, Heptageniidae, Neoephemeridae, Rhyacophilidae and Thiaridae. Ordination analysis indicated that Rhyaco- philidae was the characteristic taxon at P1, Thiaridae at P2 and Chironomidae at stations P3 and P4. Ordination also revealed that current velocity, substratum and landuse were the major environmental factors influencing the relative composition of macro-invertebrates. The longitudinal variation in taxonomic composition and assemblages showed a change of trophic status due to direct human interference at P2. Collectors were abundant at all stations but predominated the assemblages from P3 to P4. The balance between collectors, scrapers and predators shifted to predominance by collectors indicating heterotrophic conditions at P3 and P4 in contrast to autotrophic conditions at P1 and P2. Hence, two ecological zones are evident in the Paisuni river.
Epidermal club cells do not protect fathead minnows against trematode cercariae: a test of the anti-parasite hypothesis

Epidermal club cells of fishes in the superorder ostariophysi have puzzled evolutionary biologists because they were historically linked to chemical alarm signalling and relied on group selectionist explanations. Alternative hypoth- eses to explain the existence of these cells include the possibility of an anti-pathogenic or anti-parasitic function. If this is so, individual fish should invest in increased numbers of club cells after exposure to parasites, and club cells should contain components that reduce the infectivity of skin-penetrating larvae. Infectivity of cercariae of the trematode Ornithodiplostomum sp. was significantly reduced when exposed to the skin extract of fathead minnows (an ostariophysan), but also to skin extract of mollies (a non-ostariophysan that lacks club cells), respectively, compared to controls. Moreover, club cell density was not affected by exposure to cercariae. Taken together, these results are inconsistent with an anti-parasite function for these cells and instead suggest a generic role in response to injury. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 98, 884-890. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: alarm substance - anti-predation - Ornithodiplostomum - Ostariophysi - infectivity - Pimephales.
Controls on Holocene denudation rates in mountainous environments under Mediterranean climate

The Mediterranean domain is characterized by a specific climate resulting from the close interplay between atmospheric and marine processes and strongly differentiated regional topographies. Corsica Island, a mountainous area located in the western part of the Mediterranean Sea is particularly suitable to quantify regional denudation rates in the framework of a source‐to‐sink approach. Indeed, fluvial sedimentation in East‐Corsica margin is almost exclusively limited to its alluvial plain and offshore domain and its basement is mainly constituted of quartz‐rich crystalline rocks allowing cosmogenic nuclide 10Be measurements. In this paper, Holocene denudation rates of catchments from the eastern part of the island of Corsica are quantified relying on in situ produced 10Be concentrations in stream sediments and interpreted in an approach including quantitative geomorphology, rock strength measurement (with a Schmidt Hammer) and vegetation cover distribution. Calculated denudation rates range from 15 to 95 mm ka‐1. When compared with rates from similar geomorphic domains experiencing a different climate setting, such as the foreland of the northern European Alps, they appear quite low and temporally stable. At the first order, they better correlate with rock strength and vegetation cover than with morphometric indexes. Spatial distribution of the vegetation is controlled by morpho‐climatic parameters including sun exposure and the direction of the main wet wind, so‐called ‘Libecciu’. This distribution, as well as the basement rock strength seems to play a significant role in the denudation distribution. We thus suggest that the landscape reached a geomorphic steady‐state due to the specific Mediterranean climate and that Holocene denudation rates are mainly sustained by weathering processes, through the amount of regolith formation, rather than being transport‐limited. Al/K measurements used as a proxy to infer present‐day catchment‐wide chemical weathering patterns might support this assumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scratch tests with single diamond tools on reinforced concrete and its components for the analysis of the material separation

Core drilling with diamond impregnated segments is a common process for the machining of concrete or reinforced concrete. These materials are characterised by their structure consisting of various components. This inhomogeneity influences the cutting process due to changing process forces or varying chip formation. Therefore an analysis regarding the material separation of the single components (cement stone, aggregates like basalt, steel as reinforcement) as well as of the compound materials is necessary. As a basis to analyse the core drilling process and in order to gain detailed knowledge concerning the material separation process of reinforced concrete and its components, scratch tests with single diamonds and varying process strategies were conducted. In analogy with the core drilling process, circular grooves were produced. For the scratch tests steel, cement stone, basalt, high performance concrete and reinforced concrete were used as sample materials. One test series was conducted on a machining centre with the focus on process forces under varying process parameters such as cutting velocity or feed speed. Further experiments focused on the analysis of the development of the scratches due to repeated scratching. For this microscopic investigation a tribometer in combination with a large-chamber scanning electron microscope was used.