Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safe Strategy to Control Mosquito: The Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated Indigenously from East Java as a Natural Agents of Mosquito: Aedes aegypti

Mosquitoes are insect vectors responsible for the transmission of many diseases. Mosquitoes cause more human sufferings than any other organism; over one million people worldwide die from mosquitoborne diseases every year. Mosquito borne diseases include malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, chikungunya and dengue fever cause extensive morbidity and mortality and are a major economic burden within disease-endemic countries (Boutayeb, 2006; Poopathi and Abidha, 2010; Nareshkumar et al., 2012). Aedes aegypty (L.) is the main dengue vector worldwide because of its close association with humans in tropical and sub-tropical urbanized areas (Jansen and Beebe, 2010; Cox et al., 2007). The Aedes aegypti mosquito, the principal vector for DHF, which is considered the most pressing vector-borne viral disease in the world, is particularly susceptible to climate variability and climatic change. These mosquitoes are well adapted to urban environment and successfully breed in containers where water is allowed to accumulated, such as discarded can, bottles, plastic containers and tires. The ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 179-197 http://www.ijcmas. com
Problem framing in new innovation spaces: Insights from software outsourcing

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The Relationship Networks of Entrepreneurs and the Effects of A Formation of An Industry Cluster on Their Relationships

We examine how marine technology entrepreneurs in Iceland build their business network relationships through weak and strong ties and the effects of the formation of an industry cluster on their relationships. This study finds that marine technology entrepreneurs build their network relationships mainly through the formation of strong ties leading to a slow expansion of business relationships. We also find a formation of an industry cluster of marine technology entrepreneurs to enhance the weak ties of the entrepreneurs and their skills in developing these weak relationships. Further, the analytical model we develop shows how factors such as an industry cluster influences the entrepreneurs’ relationships.
Pre-existing spatial patterns in fish abundances influence species-specific responses in a Caribbean marine reserve

No-take marine reserves have been used to promote biodiversity conservation and have increasingly been implemented with the goal of rebuilding depleted fish stocks. Yet, marine reserves may cause some species to decrease in abundance while others increase, in part because species are not equally impacted by the effort displaced from the reserve into surrounding fished areas. We eval- uate temporal patterns in the abundance and distribution of reef fishes at Glover's Atoll, Belize, where a no-take reserve was enforced in 1998. For the set of commercial species investigated in our study, the most important variable in predicting species responses to reserve protection was the pre- reserve spatial distribution of fishes with respect to reserve boundaries. Variation in species responses to protection could not be attributed to benthic habitat degradation, but maximum body length and trophic level were both positively correlated with response to protection. We suggest that reserve implementation caused mortality rates to increase for some fish species that were originally distributed in higher abundances outside reserve boundaries, leading to declines in abundance in these populations. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating knowledge on spatial distributions of fishes when designing and monitoring marine reserves. Our methods can be used by reserve managers to predict the responses of individual species to protection at the time of reserve implementation, thereby facilitating agreement between the expectations of fishery managers and the needs of stakeholders.
Nearshore–offshore differences in planktonic chlorophyll and phytoplankton nutrient status after dreissenid establishment in a large shallow lake

Abstract In Lake Simcoe, a large lake in southern Ontario, Canada, with more than 50% of its surface area <15 m deep, dreissenid mussels are abundant in the extensive nearshore zone but not offshore. We hypothesized that mussel grazing would depress chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations in the nearshore compared to the offshore while alleviating nearshore phosphorus (P) deficiency through nutrient regeneration. During both years of our study Chl-a concentration and other indicators of phytoplankton biomass, including particulate carbon (C), nitrogen, P, and silicon, were lower in the nearshore areas of Lake Simcoe where the exotic invader Dreissenia polymorpha was in contact with overlying epilimnetic water. In the first year of our study, grazing and associated nutrient regeneration activity seemed to reduce P deficiency in phytoplankton in the dreissenid-impacted shallow locations. In the second year, however, phytoplankton in the nearshore dreissenid-affected areas remained as strongly P deficient as phytoplankton in offshore waters physically separated from dreissenid grazing. Photoacclimation in the nearshore phytoplankton was evident in higher particulate C:Chl-a ratios and higher effective absorptive cross section of photosystem II (σPS II) throughout the stratified sampling season compared to offshore phytoplankton. A multiple linear regression utilizing the mean light intensity in the mixed layer as well as total P (TP) resulted in better predictions of Chl-a than TP alone. We conclude that, in shallow lakes where transparency is strongly impacted by dreissenid grazing, the comparison of Chl-a–TP relationships over time will require accounting for the effect of changing transparency.
Testing the Difference between School Level and Academic Mindset in the Classroom: Implications for Developing Student Psycho-Social Skills in Secondary School Classrooms

This study explored the relationship between school level and the psychosocial construct of an academic mindset operationalized on the Likert-style Project for Educational Research That Scales (PERTS) instrument; widely used in testing academic mindset interventions at the classroom level. Analyses were conducted using existing school district data collected during the month of April, 2016, delivered to students, grades 3 through 8, (n = 2,908) in the classroom at three elementary schools and two middles schools. The overarching research question was, “Is there a relationship between school level and students’ academic mindset as measured by the PERTS scale? ” Results revealed a significant decrease in the classroom PERTS scale mean scores between elementary classrooms (n = 70) and secondary classrooms (n = 50). A history of psycho-social construct theory and practical applications for the classroom are provided.
ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES DESIGNED FOR THE ENERGY DISSIPATION OPTIMIZATION

The work herein presented has the main purpose to show a practical application of a proper design procedure able to dimension Eccentrically Braced Frames with Inverted Yscheme equipped with removable dissipative devices substituting the link member. Column bases are conceived with pin-jointed base connections in order to assure that the global mechanism is achieved only when link members results activated in plastic range. The control of devices activation and the optimization of energy dissipation capacity is obtained by applying a rigorous design procedure assuring that only the dissipative zones are involved in plastic range while non dissipative ones remain in elastic range. Dissipative devices are designed in order to bear the whole storey seismic shear without a strength and stiffness degradation. In addition, being the link members substituted by dissipative devices, column bases pin jointed and column sections designed in order to remain in elastic range by a properly design procedure, the structure can be considered as free from damage. In fact after a destructive seismic event all the damaged devices can be replaced by new ones. The accuracy of the design approach has been investigated by means push-over and non-linear dynamic analyses by applying a properly chosen set of earthquake ground motions.
The Effects of Monetary Policy on House Prices in Spain: the role of the economic and monetary union membership in the housing bubble prior to the great recession

Aim: This paper aims to discover the evolution of monetary transmission in Spain by focusing on the short-term interest rate, credit aggregates and house prices through different stages of economic development and European integration between 1975 and 2008. In addition, the analysis devotes special attention to the interval of the last housing boom, in order to reveal the importance of the interest rate policy of the ECB.Design / Research methods: The study applies a tri-variate autoregressive model assigned to three overlapping periods outlined by regime shifts in the Spanish economy. The estimation output determines the strength and persistency of the links between interest rates, credit aggregates and house prices. Consequently, the results of the econometric analysis provide proper base for comparison in order to identify the dominating channels of monetary transmissions through a prolonged period.Conclusions / findings: It is found that the transmission mechanism in Spain essentially altered over time since 1975. At the beginning of the full analysed interval the role of the credit channel was dominant, then its importance gradually diminished. After the EMU accession the traditional interest rate channel became the leading factor with an intensified and more persistent effect on house prices.Originality / value of the article: While there are numerous researches aimed at estimating the impact of monetary policy on the real economy, empirical studies focusing exclusively on the link between interest rate policy and house prices in Spain are still rare. As the present paper concentrates solely on the Spanish characteristics through extended interval, the study provides country-specific inferences.Implications of the research: Understanding the mechanism of the monetary policy effects on the housing sector is an essential aspect of designing policy interventions aimed at keeping house price development in check.Limitations of the research: Despite the significant results of the empirical analysis, the excessively dynamic increase in the property prices suggests that the factor of irrational expectations also played important role in the latest Spanish housing bubble.Key words: Monetary policy, VAR, ECB, Housing boom, Monetary transmission mechanismJEL: E52, E58.
Cooperative learning and embodied accountability: an ethnographic analysis of classroom participation in an English school

Based on a school ethnography carried out in an English primary school in the last years of New Labour Government, this paper examines the processes and dynamics involved in the introduction of a cooperative learning method as part of the Success for All Literacy Program, which was being implemented in the school for the first time. It discusses the difficulties and resistances showed by children’s interactions and teachers’ declarations during the development of the program as the sign of competing agendas within the school and within the educational policy as well. They also manifest the deep penetration of a model of participation and learning that suits the neoliberal educational policy embraced by the British governments since the Education Reform Act in 1988 up to the present time. The establishment of a culture of performativity and accountability is revealed in children’s behavior during cooperative tasks as they tend to work in a competition rather than in a cooperation scheme and perceive their peers more as threats to their individual performance than as a support in their learning process. On the other side, teachers struggle to rely on a method more process-oriented than product-oriented as they feel that, with no individual and written tasks, they are not able to give account of children’s progress and therefore, of their work as teachers. The paper shows that a conception of learning (as private achievement), of person (as individual) and of classroom participation (as competition) are at play within the accountability educational system.
Worksite Wellness: A Preliminary Study Utilizing E-mail Health Messages for City Employees

The purpose of this 38-week, quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of one weekly e-mail health (e-health) message that utilized the World Health Organization’s seven dimensions of wellness. Employees from a large Midwestern city were recruited and divided into two groups based on their desire to receive additional health information. The participants in each group were then randomly assigned to receive basic or detailed e-health messages. The basic e-health message consisted of an e-mail with health tips for the specific topic; whereas the detailed message included the basic message plus links to games, surveys, and websites to supplement the basic message. Those lacking an e-mail address comprised the control group, and did not receive any e-health messages. A total of 46 employees completed both assessments and comprised the analytic sample. Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in unmotivated participants receiving the detailed messages (-2.1 mmHg, p=0.04). Across all groups, at-risk participants (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm/Hg or body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) showed greatest improvement with significant drops in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Detailed ehealth messages may be an effective approach to assist employees who are at-risk for chronic disease.
A comparison of ocean emissivity models using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, the Special Sensor Microwave Imager, the TRMM Microwave Imager, and airborne radiometer observations

[1] New measurements of the permittivity of saline water at millimeter wavelengths have the potential to improve the accuracy of ocean surface emissivity models for use with microwave and millimeter-wave imaging and sounding instruments. Recent radiative transfer models employing a range of different treatments of surface ocean emissivity are compared with observations from the following microwave radiometers: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, Special Sensor Microwave Imager, TRMM Microwave Imager, Microwave Airborne Radiometer Scanning System, and Deimos. Emissivity models using the new permittivity model fit these observations more closely than those models which use the Klein and Swift extrapolation model.
Foreign Investment Strategies and Sub-national Institutions in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Vietnam*

Foreign investors entering emerging markets have to take strategic decisions on where and how to set up operations. These decisions have to accommodate institutional conditions that vary not only between countries, but also within the host economy. We offer a theoretical framework to analyse how institutions in an emerging economy influence entry strategy decisions. On this basis, we analyse the determinants of two key aspects of entry strategy: location and entry mode in Vietnam. We find that sub-national institutional variables have a significant influence on both dimensions. The availability of scarce resources affects the location of FDI and the likelihood of Greenfield entry. Institutional pressures arising from incumbent state-owned firms and the domestic market orientation of the investor lead to a preference for joint venture entry. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.
Tuberculosis in Pacific salmon and steelhead trout

Tuberculosis in salmonoid fishes was first observed in the 1952 run of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to the Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission. In the studies reported here, tuberculosis was found not only in adult spring chinook but in silver salmon (0. kisutch), blueback salmon (0. nerka), and in anadromous and resident strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). Advanced tuberculosis was found in salmonoid fishes held in fresh water for two years or longer, as well as in adults returning from the sea. Lesions were most frequently observed in the liver, and varied in size from small miliary tubercles to huge necrotic areas, filled with characteristic acid-fast bacilli. The typical bacilli were found in stained smears from the kidney, heart, musculature, brain, intestines, pyloric caeca, and roe of infected fish. The disease was originally observed in sexually-underdeveloped fish, and there is indication that it interferes with sexual maturation. It was found that tuberculosis in marked salmon known to be of hatchery origin was extremely high—in some cases 100 per cent. Tuberculosis was absent in the small number of silver and chum salmon examined which were known to be the progeny from natural spawning. It is suggested that dissemination of the disease may be due to fish-cultural practices such as the feeding of untreated carcasses and the viscera from tuberculous fish. Since acid-fast bacilli were found in the roe of some fish, it is also suggested that the disease may be transmitted to healthy eggs during the process of fertilization. Tuberculous adult spring chinook were found less capable of surviving to maturity after they reached the spawning grounds than were non-infected fish. It is likely that tuberculosis also influences the ability of salmon to survive during earlier stages of their life history. The incidence of tuberculosis in adult spring chinook entering the Dexter holding ponds on the Middle Fork of the Willamette River in 1955 and 1956 was 8.7 and 6.1 per cent, respectively. The increase in incidence to 58.8 per cent in 1957 is attributed to the increased dependency of the run on artificial propagation necessitated by the construction of Lookout Point Dam. Among chinook caught in the Columbia River gill-net fishery in. February and in May 1956, 12.3 and 10.5 per cent, respectively, of those examined were tuberculous. Although these are spring chinook, it is believed that hatcheryreared fall chinook also entered the catch, especially during May, and may have contributed to the number of tuberculous fish taken.
Nuclear Data for Innovative Fast Reactors: Impact of Uncertainties and New Requirements

It is widely accepted that the current status of neutronics calculations for fast reactor design is such that present uncertainties on nuclear data should still be significantly reduced, in order to get full benefit from advances in modeling and simulation. Only a parallel effort in advanced simulation, in high accuracy validation experiments and in nuclear data improvement will provide designers with more general and well validated calculation tools to meet tight design target accuracies to further improve safety and economics. The present paper presents very recent results related to nuclear data uncertainty impact assessment, as a new step in the frame of an international activity, sponsored by OECD-NEA.
Does Investment in Technology Resources affect Motor Carrier Firm Performance

Prevalent in the IT literature is the concept of the productivity paradox. This states that the effects of IT investment seem to show up everywhere except those that measure productivity (firm performance). Owing to the extremely competitive nature of the motor carrier industry, money must be well spent and provide the carrier with performance gains to survive. In this study, two measures of IT spending, physical capital and human capital, are used to examine whether IT investment does indeed affect carrier performance. Performance is measured as a level of firm efficiency (sales/employee). Results are significant and have important implications. The level of physical assets (computers) that a firm uses has a direct and positive impact on firm efficiency. However, the more human capital (programmers) a firm hires to develop software, the worse the efficiency of the firm. This suggests that perhaps motor carriers should invest in off-the-shelf IT packages as opposed to creating their own. Finally, the interaction of the two variables and sales was looked at to determine their effect as firms grow. The interaction of physical IT capital and firm size showed that as the firm grows, the effect of physical IT capital grows, suggesting that it may be an antidote to firm bureaucracy.
Estimation of nitrogen content based on fluorescence spectrum and principal component analysis in paddy rice.

Paddy rice is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Nitrogen (N) is closely related to crops production by influencing the photosynthetic efficiency of paddy rice. In this study, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed to monitor leaf N content (LNC) of paddy rice. The PCA is utilized to extract the characteristic variables of LIF spectra by analysing the major attributes. The results showed that the first three principal components (PCs) can explain 95.76% and 93.53% of the total variance contained in the fluorescence spectra for tillering stage and shooting stage, respectively. Then, BPNN was utilized to inverse the LNC on the basis of the first three PCs as input variables and can obtain the satisfactory inversion results (R-2 of tillering stage and shooting stage are 0.952 and 0.931, respectively; residual main range from -0.2 to 0.2 mg/g). The experimental results demonstrated that LIF technique combined with multivariate analysis will be a useful method for monitoring the LNC of paddy rice, which can provide consultations for the decision-making of peasants in their N fertilization strategies.
Poverty among women in Latin America: Feminization or over-representation?

We propose two different concepts of feminization of poverty and analyze household survey data to verify if there is an ongoing feminization of poverty in eight Latin American countries, according to each of these concepts. We also verify if our results respond to changes in values of poverty lines and to different scenarios of intra-household inequalities, concluding that poverty may be higher among women, but there is no clear evidence of a recent and widespread feminization of poverty in the countries studied.