Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legacy of star formation in the pre-reionization universe

We utilize gizmo, coupled with newly developed sub-grid models for Population III (Pop III) and Population II (Pop II), to study the legacy of star formation in the pre-reionization Universe. We find that the Pop II star formation rate density (SFRD), produced in our simulation (${\sim } 10^{-2}\ \mathrm{M}_\odot \, {\rm yr^{-1}\, Mpc^{-3}}$ at z ≃ 10), matches the total SFRD inferred from observations within a factor of <2 at 7 ≲ z ≲ 10. The Pop III SFRD, however, reaches a plateau at ${\sim }10^{-3}\ \mathrm{M}_\odot \, {\rm yr^{-1}\, Mpc^{-3}}$ by z ≈ 10, remaining largely unaffected by the presence of Pop II feedback. At z = 7.5, ${\sim } 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Pop III star formation occurs in isolated haloes that have never experienced any Pop II star formation (i.e. primordial haloes). We predict that Pop III-only galaxies exist at magnitudes MUV ≳ −11, beyond the limits for direct detection with the James Webb Space Telescope. We assess that our stellar mass function (SMF) and UV luminosity function (UVLF) agree well with the observed low mass/faint-end behaviour at z = 8 and 10. However, beyond the current limiting magnitudes, we find that both our SMF and UVLF demonstrate a deviation/turnover from the expected power-law slope (MUV,turn = −13.4 ± 1.1 at z = 10). This could impact observational estimates of the true SFRD by a factor of 2(10) when integrating to MUV = −12 (−8) at z ∼ 10, depending on integration limits. Our turnover correlates well with the transition from dark matter haloes dominated by molecular cooling to those dominated by atomic cooling, for a mass Mhalo ≈ 108 M⊙ at z ≃ 10.
Combining Logics to Transform Organizational Agency

To understand how organizations combine conflicting institutional logics strategically to create and pursue new market opportunities, we conducted an in-depth longitudinal study of the multiple efforts of the Italian manufacturer of household goods Alessi to combine the logics of industrial manufacturing and cultural production. Over three decades, Alessi developed three different strategies to combine normative elements of the two logics, using each strategy to envision and pursue different market opportunities. By combining the logics of industrial manufacturing and cultural production, Alessi was able to envision new possibilities for value creation and to enact them through innovation in product design. The three strategies triggered a common set of mechanisms through which the purposeful combining of logics enabled the pursuit of opportunity, while each strategy structured the process differently. We develop a theoretical model linking the development of recombinant strategies to the dynamic restructuring of organizational agency and the related capacity to create and pursue new market opportunities. Our findings and theoretical insights advance understanding of the processes through which organizations challenge taken-for-granted beliefs and practices to create new market opportunities, use logics as resources to enable embedded agency, and design hybrid organizational arrangements.
A Review of the Optimum Feeding Rates and Feeding Frequency in Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Reared at Seven Different Water Temperatures

Seven feeding trials were conducted to determine the effects of feeding rate and frequency in the Korean rockfish S ebastes schlegeli at seven different water temperatures. Two feeding-rate experiments for 5-g Korean rockfish at 17 °C and 20°C; three feeding rate experiments for 16-g Korean rockfish at 16 °C and 24°C; and finally, two feeding frequency experiments for 93- and 100-g at 15°C and 20°C were conducted. Twenty fish averaging 5.5 ± 0.2 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 18 indoor tanks containing 40-L seawater from a semi-recirculation system. Fish were fed a commercial diet for 4 weeks at water temperatures of 17°C and 20°C. Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency in growing Korean rockfish reared at temperatures of 15°C and 19°C. Broken line regression analysis of weight gain (WG) indicated that the optimum feeding rates of 5-g growing Korean rockfish were 4.48% (BW/day; BW, body weight) at 17 °C and 4.83% (BW/day) at 20°C. Broken line regression analysis of WG showed optimum feeding rates of 16-g juvenile Korean rockfish of 3.41% (BW/day) at 16 °C, 3.75% (BW/ day) at 20°C, and 3.34% (BW/day) at 24°C. The biological performance, results, along with morphological indices and serological characteristics, suggest that a feeding frequency of 1 meal/day was optimal to improve WG in growing Korean rockfish grown from 93 to 133 g at a water temperature of 15°C, and 100 to 132 g at 19°C.
Improved Inference on Cointegrating Vectors in the Presence of a Near Unit Root Using Adjusted Quantiles

It is well known that inference on the cointegrating relations in a vector autoregression (CVAR) is difficult in the presence of a near unit root. The test for a given cointegration vector can have rejection probabilities under the null, which vary from the nominal size to more than 90%. This paper formulates a CVAR model allowing for multiple near unit roots and analyses the asymptotic properties of the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator. Then two critical value adjustments suggested by McCloskey (2017) for the test on the cointegrating relations are implemented for the model with a single near unit root, and it is found by simulation that they eliminate the serious size distortions, with a reasonable power for moderate values of the near unit root parameter. The findings are illustrated with an analysis of a number of different bivariate DGPs.
Morphological Patterns of Geriatric Anemia – A Study

Anemia is a very common feature in older age group and also one of the most neglected. As anemia is a sign and not a diagnosis a thorough evaluation to identify the underlying cause is warranted. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of anemia in the geriatric age group in the rural setting and to study the commonest morphological pattern in this age group. 300 patients of age 60 years and above were evaluated for morphological pattern of anemia based on red cell indices, peripheral smear, and leukocyte and platelet parameters over a period of one year. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria as Hemoglobin concentration lower than 13g/dl in men and 12g/dl in women (6). Elderly was defined as a person 60 years and above according to WHO criteria.70% of the patients studied were found to be anaemic with 59 % of these in 60 -69 years age group. 54% of the total was men with predominantly mild anemia while in women moderate anemia was more common. 73% of the elderly evaluated had Normocytic Normochromic anemia while 16 % had Microcytic Hypochromic and 3% Macrocytic anemia.
Does Practicing Total Quality Management Affect Employee Job Satisfaction in Saudi Arabian Organizations

While extensive research has been done on total quality management (TQM) practices, few studies have investigated their effect on employee job satisfaction, particularly in Saudi Arabian organizations. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the impact of TQM practices on employee job satisfaction in private firm in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative approach with self-administered survey methodology technique was used to distribute a pre validated pre piloted questionnaire to a 350 employees holding varying positions within the organization at a large Saudi Telecom company between September and December 2013 with response rate 74.5%. The statistical data analysis method used was SPSS program Version 15.0. The results showed that practicing TQM has a significant positive effect on employee satisfaction. Organizational culture was found to be a dominant TQM practice which has a significant impact on improving levels of job satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis which supported the proposed model was found to be creditable and sound. The study finds that Saudi Arabians organizations would benefit from implementing TQM programs to impact employee job satisfaction levels and thus improve quality and productivity. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Total quality management (TQM), Private organization, Saudi Arabia.
Perspective of Lecturers in Implementing PISMP Science Curriculum in Malaysia’s IPG

The article aims to identify lecturers’ perspectives in implementing PISMP science curriculum in IPG Malaysia based on teaching experience with KIPP model. The respondents consisted of 105 lecturers from 20 IPG Malaysia. The study used a questionnaire consisting of 74 items covering the four dimensions (Context, Input, Process and Product). Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The study found that there was not a significant difference of curriculum goals and course objectives based on teaching experience at school. For input dimension, there was no significant difference of evaluation, content, source and pedagogy based on school teaching experience. In process dimension, there was no significant difference pedagogical process, the content and the process of assessment based on teaching experience at school. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of product dimension of science curriculum based on teaching experience at school. Based on the experience of teaching in IPG, lecturers did not have a significant difference of curriculum goals, course objectives, evaluation input, content, source, pedagogy, and evaluation process, and content process, but there were significant differences in the pedagogical input and product in the implementation of the PISMP science curriculum in IPG. Its discussions and recommendation were also discussed in this article.
Governance and voluntary disclosure of intangibles

This paper examines the effect of governance on the quality of firms’ voluntary disclosure of intangibles. While disclosure of intangibles reduces information asymmetry, company-level managerial ownership and country-level institutional environment provide incentives that can affect the quality of disclosure. I use a comprehensive set of information about intangibles for disclosure, the aggregate percentage of ownership by directors for managerial ownership, and an index of legal institutions for institutional environments. Based on data from 430 East Asian firms, lower quality disclosure is evident for firms in stronger institutional environment regime. However, the quality of disclosure is not affected by managerial ownership or its joint-effect with institutional environment. The findings highlight the importance of voluntary disclosure about intangibles regardless of the influencing effect of governance mechanisms.
Schubert Polynomials, Theta and Eta Polynomials, and Weyl Group Invariants

We examine the relationship between the (double) Schubert polynomials of Billey-Haiman and Ikeda-Mihalcea-Naruse and the (double) theta and eta polynomials of Buch-Kresch-Tamvakis and Wilson from the perspective of Weyl group invariants. We obtain generators for the kernel of the natural map from the corresponding ring of Schubert polynomials to the (equivariant) cohomology ring of symplectic and orthogonal flag manifolds.
Association of Maternal Serum C- Reactive Protein Levels with Severity of Preeclampsia

The aim of this study was to investigate C-reactive protein (CRP) level in preeclampsia (PE) and its association with the severity of the disease. This cross-sectional study included 43 women with mild PE, 43 women with severe PE, and 43 healthy pregnant. They were selected in the third trimester of pregnancy in the Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran, from March 2006 to March 2007. Mean diastolic pressure and level of proteinuria were used as indicators of the severity of the disease. The results were analyzed by t-test and spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Hemoglobin, aspartate and alanine transaminase, creatinine and urine protein excretion, serum CRP, and alkaline phosphatase were higher in women with PE. There were significant correlations between serum CRP levels and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.5, P = 0), urinary protein excretion (r = 0.5, P = 0), creatinine (r = 0.2, P = 0.003), spartate transaminase (r = 0.3, P = 0), alanine transaminase (r = 0.2, P = 0.006), and Hemoglobin (r = 0.2, P = 0.001). There were a negative correlation between serum CRP and weight of the new born (r = -0.09, P = 0.01) and gestational age in the time of delivery (r = -0.07, P = 0). We showed higher levels of CRP in women with PE. Elevated serum levels of CRP in PE women are, thus, correlated with severity of disease.
Protein landmarks for diversity assessment in wheat genotypes.

Grain proteins from 10 Pakistani registered wheat genotypes were evaluated for diversity assessment based on sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Genetic diversity was evaluated via UPGMA cluster analysis by constructing dendrogram of fractions of proteins, which were used for the calculation of similarity coefficients between these varieties. The greatest similarity (95%) was observed between Shahkar-95 and Mehran-89, while the lowest similarity (16%) was observed between Parwaz-94 and Abadgar-93. Adoption of this technology would be useful to plant protection regulatory systems, especially for plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties, breeding programs and protection purposes.
Quantitative Constraints on the Reionization History from the IGM Damping Wing Signature in Two Quasars at z > 7

During reionization, neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) imprints a damping wing absorption feature on the spectrum of high-redshift quasars. A detection of this signature provides compelling evidence for a significantly neutral universe, and enables measurements of the hydrogen neutral fraction xH i(z) at that epoch. Obtaining reliable quantitative constraints from this technique, however, is challenging due to stochasticity induced by the patchy inside-out topology of reionization, degeneracies with quasar lifetime, and the unknown unabsorbed quasar spectrum close to rest-frame Lyα. We combine a large-volume semi-numerical simulation of reionization topology with 1D radiative transfer through high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the high-redshift universe to construct models of quasar transmission spectra during reionization. Our state-of-the-art approach captures the distribution of damping wing strengths in biased quasar halos that should have reionized earlier, as well as the erosion of neutral gas in the quasar environment caused by its own ionizing radiation. Combining this detailed model with our new technique for predicting the quasar continuum and its associated uncertainty, we introduce a Bayesian statistical method to jointly constrain the neutral fraction of the universe and the quasar lifetime from individual quasar spectra. We apply this methodology to the spectra of the two quasars with the highest redshifts known, ULAS J1120+0641 and ULAS J1342+0928, and measure volume-averaged neutral fractions and (posterior medians and 68% credible intervals) when marginalized over quasar lifetimes of 103 ≤ tq ≤ 108 yr.
Regulating Innovation with Uncertain Quality: Information, Risk, and Access in Medical Devices

We study the impact of regulating product entry and quality information requirements on an oligopoly equilibrium and consumer welfare. Product testing can reduce consumer uncertainty, but also increase entry costs and delay entry. Using variation between EU and US medical device regulations, we document patterns consistent with valuable learning from more stringent US requirements. To derive welfare implications, we pair the data with a model of supply, demand, and testing regulation. US policy is indistinguishable from the policy that maximizes total surplus in our estimated model, while the European Union could benefit from more testing. “Post-market surveillance” could further increase surplus. (JEL D43, I18, L13, L51, L64, O31, O38)
Theory of mind and preschoolers’ understanding of implicit causality in verbs: a comparison between Serbian and Hungarian children.

This study aims to investigate the effect of theory of mind, age and mother tongue on the implicit causality effect in preschoolers from two different language backgrounds. Serbian and Hungarian native speakers aged 3–7 years participated in the study. After taking part in a Theory of Mind task, children were presented verbs in simple „Subject verb Object” sentences describing interactions between two participants, with the interactions being based on emotional, mental or visual experiences. Children were asked “Why does S verb O? ” and their responses were categorized as containing an inference about the sentence-S or the sentence-O. The results show that Theory of Mind is a significant factor in the emergence of implicit causality, with age of participants and mother tongue being also contributing to explaining patterns of implicit causality.
Developmental Effect on Transcript Expression of Genes Encoding Enzymes for Flavan-3-ols Synthesis and its Content in Leaves and Flowers of Tea ( Camellia sinensis ( L . ) O . Kuntze )

The production of monomeric flavan-3-ols mainly comprises of catechin and epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epicatechingallate, and their polymeric form as proanthocyanidins is highly controlled during the developmental stages of leaf and flower. We studied the accumulation of monomeric flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins during the developmental stages of leaf and flower in relation to the expression of flavan-3-ols-specific genes of tea (Camellia sinensis). The expression analyses of flavan-3-ols-specific genes were also studied in the presence of exogenous monomeric flavan-3-ols such as catechin and epicatechin during different development stages of both organs. We selected two developmental stages of leaf (leaf bud (LB) and old leaf (OL)) and three stages of flower development (flower bud (FB), semi-mature flower (SMF) and fully mature flower (FMF)) to assess various activities. The monomeric flavan-3-ols were highest in LB and FB and lowest in OL and FMF. The pattern of accumulation of anthocyanins was opposite to monomeric flavan-3-ols content during different development stages of the leaf and flower. In leaves, proanthocyanidins, oligomeric and/or polymeric forms of flavan-3-ols were higher in OL than in LB while in flowers, proanthocyanidins were lowest in FMF. Expression of the DFR gene encoding dihyroflavonol 4-reductase, the LAR gene encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase and the ANR gene encoding anthocyanidin reductase was correlated with the accumulation of monomeric flavan-3-ols during leaf and flower development. Expression of the ANS gene, encoding anthocyanidin synthase, was only detected in OL, which also contained the highest anthocyanin content. Exogenous exposure of flavan-3-ols (catechin and epicatechin) modulated the expression of DFR, LAR and ANR in OL and LB tissues but only modulated the expression of LAR during all stages of flower development. This study provides an overview of new insight for monomeric flavan-3-ols biosynthesis, and their transcript regulation during leaf and flower development of C. sinensis. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A GAME THEORY APPROACH TO SALINIZATION PROBLEM OF THE ARAL SEA BASIN

This paper studies a transboundary economy with two countries located in a lake basin. Each country withdraws water from the lake for irrigation purposes, which in turn causes the lake to desiccate. The receding lake leaves surfaces covered with salt dust, which is transported by wind to the surrounding area, increasing the salinity of the two countries' lands. This paper examines whether a partially cooperative water - allocation scheme, where a central authority chooses the two countries' respective abatement levels (of salt dust) after the countries individually choose per-unit taxes on water withdrawal, induces the countries to withdraw water at the socially efficient level. We find that the partial scheme works, i.e. it induces both countries to optimally choose to withdraw at the socially efficient level.
Links between local ecological knowledge and wealth in indigenous communities of Indonesia: implications for conservation of marine resources

Accumulated knowledge about nature is an important part of people’s capacity to manage and conserve the environment. Local ecological knowledge is vital if natural habitats are to receive sufficient public support for their conservation and if local capacity for self-management is to be maintained. Loss of traditional knowledge is a worldwide phenomenon, resulting in reduced environmental awareness and diminished local capacity for sustainable use and conservation of natural resources. Economic development leading to environmental disconnection through reduced local resource dependence and interaction is causing local knowledge to be hybridised and lost or replaced with modern knowledge systems. Simultaneously, globalisation and increased opportunities to trade can result in severe overexploitation. To date, there have been few cross-cultural and quantitative studies to describe this knowledge loss. This study illustrates the loss of local knowledge using an Indonesian case study, the Kaledupa sub-district of Wakatobi Marine National Park. Kaledupa has a population of around 17,000 comprised of two distinct cultural groups, Kaledupan Islanders (Pulo) and traditionally nomadic boat people (Bajo) now living in permanent houses on stilts over the sea. Marine resources are heavily exploited for income, food, building materials and waste disposal by both groups. Marine ecological knowledge differed significantly between Bajo and Pulo communities (U = 1305.000; p < 0.001). An inverse relationship was shown between marine ecological knowledge and wealth (Rs = -0.395; p < 0.001), and a positive relationship between marine ecological knowledge and support for traditional management practices (Rs = 0.396; p < 0.001). This has implications for the future management of marine and coastal systems in the area and in similar small island communities worldwide.
Changes in wing length in the pollinator Bombus dahlbomii occurring with the fragmentation of the Maulino forest, Chile

La fragmentacion del habitat puede afectar el diseno morfologico de los insectos voladores de distintas maneras, a traves de cambios en los costos y beneficios de los patrones de dispersion. Como resultado, es probable que alas mas grandes puedan ser favorecidas cuando los recursos necesarios se encuentren dispersos a lo largo del paisaje fragmentado. En esta investigacion se puso a prueba esta prediccion en Bombus dahlbomii (Guerin), un polinizador nativo de Chile asociado al bosque Maulino fragmentado. Mediante trampas colgantes, se capturaron individuos en el bosque nativo continuo, en cuatro pequenos fragmentos y en dos plantaciones de Pinus radiata (matriz). A cada individuo colectado se le midio su tamano corporal (mm) y el largo de su primer y segundo par de alas (mm). En total, fueron capturados 280 individuos. El tamano corporal y el largo de ambos pares de alas fue mayor en los fragmentos y en la matriz, en comparacion con el bosque continuo. Ademas, se observo una relacion positiva y significativa entre la longitud de las alas y el tamano corporal en todos los habitats, sin embargo, la varianza explicada fue menor en el bosque continuo que en los fragmentos y la matriz. Estos resultados sugieren que la fragmentacion del bosque Maulino podria favorecer fenotipos con alas mas grandes, probablemente con mayores capacidades de vuelo para la busqueda de recursos escasos durante el forrajeo.