Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of ingredient quality and the effect of a combination of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase in the diets of broiler chicks. 2. Energy and nutrient utilisation

1. In order to investigate the effects of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase in the diets of broiler chickens containing graded concentrations of metabolisable energy (ME), two 42-d experiments were conducted using a total of 2208 broiler chicks (8 treatments with 12 replicate pens in each experiment). 2. Four diets including one positive and three negative control diets were used. Three maize/soybean meal-based negative control (NC) diets were formulated to be identical in available phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and amino acids but NC1 contained approximately 0·17 MJ/kg less ME than NC2 and approximately 0·34 MJ/kg less ME than NC3. A positive control (PC) was fed for comparison and was formulated to be adequate in all nutrients, providing approximately 0·63 MJ/kg ME, 0·13% available P, 0·12% Ca and 1 to 2% amino acids more than NC1. 3. The reduction in nutrient density between NC1 and PC was determined using ingredient quality models Avicheck™ Corn and Phycheck™ that can predict the response to exogenous enzymes in maize/soybean meal-based broiler diets. Supplementation of each diet with or without a cocktail of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase gave a total of 8 dietary treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The same treatments and diet designs were used in both experiments but conducted in different locations using different batches of maize, soybean meal and minor ingredients. 4. In both experiments, digestibility was improved by the addition of exogenous enzymes, particularly those for P, Ca and certain amino acids. In addition, the supplementation of the PC with enzymes elicited a positive response indicating that over-the-top addition of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase may offer a nutritionally and economically viable alternative to feed cost reduction. 5. It can be concluded that the digestibility of nutrients by broilers fed on maize/soybean meal-based diets can be improved by the use of a combination of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase.
Quantitative distribution of mRNAs encoding the 19 human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in 26 adult and 3 fetal tissues

The purpose of this study was to generate, by real-time PCR, a quantitative expression level profile of the 19 human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) of subfamilies 1A, 2A and 2B, in 26 adult and 3 fetal tissues, for better understanding of their roles in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. Adult liver contained the highest level of combined UGTs mRNA, and UGT2B4 was the most abundant isoform in this tissue (40% of total). Other well expressed hepatic UGTs, in decreasing order of mRNA level, were 1A9, 2B7, 1A4, 2B10, 1A1, 1A6, 2B11, 2B15, 1A3, 2A3, 2B17 and 2B28. UGT2B4 was by far the most abundant isoform in the fetal liver (90% of total). The combined UGT mRNA expression in both adult and fetal olfactory epithelium was high, about 20% the adult hepatic level. Interestingly, a large developmental change was found in this tissue from high UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 expression in the fetus to UGT1A6 in the adult. The most abundantly expressed UGTs in the small intestine were 2A3, 1A10, 1A1, 1A6 and 2B7, while 1A10 and 2A3 predominated in the colon. The results provide the most comprehensive data to date on the tissue distribution of the human UGTs.
Long-term effect of convulsive behavior on the density of adenosine A1 and A 2A receptors in the rat cerebral cortex.

PURPOSE Adenosine is a neuromodulator that has been proposed to act as an anticonvulsant mainly via inhibitory A1 receptors, but recent data show that genetic deletion of facilitatory A 2A receptors might also attenuate convulsions. Since both A1 and A 2A receptors are prone to down- and upregulation in different stressful situations, we investigated if convulsive behavior leads to a long-term change in A1 and A 2A receptor density in the rat cerebral cortex. METHODS Stage 4-5 convulsions (Racine's scale) were induced in adult Wistar rats either through amygdala stimulation (kindling) or by intraperitoneal injection of kainate (10 mg/ml). Rats were killed after 4 weeks to evaluate adenosine A1 and A 2A receptor density in the cerebral cortex using both Western blot and membrane binding assays. RESULTS The binding density of the A1 antagonist, 3H-DPCPX, decreased by 40. +/- 4.4% and by 20.7 +/- 0.5% after kindling or kainate injection. Likewise, A1 receptor immunoreactivity in cortical membranes from kindled or kainate-injected rats decreased by 19.1 +/- 3.3% and 12.7 +/- 5.7%, respectively. In contrast, the binding density of the A 2A receptor antagonist 3H-SCH 58261 increased by 293 +/- 34% and by 159 +/- 32% in cortical membranes from kindled or kainate-injected rats, and A 2A receptor immunoreactivity also increased by 151 +/- 12% and 79.6 +/- 7.0%. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that after convulsive behavior there is a long-term decrease of A1 receptors accompanied by an increased density of A 2A receptors, suggesting that A 2A antagonists rather than A1 agonists may be more promising anticonvulsive drugs.
Post-discharge intervention in vulnerable, chronically ill patients.

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the inpatient to outpatient transition of care is a vulnerable period for patients, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations may be particularly susceptible. OBJECTIVE In this prospective cohort study, clustered by hospital, we sought to determine the feasibility and utility of a simple, post-discharge intervention in reducing hospital readmissions. METHODS Chronically ill Medicaid managed care members were consecutively identified from the discharge records of 10 area hospitals. For patients from the 7 intervention hospitals, trained medical assistants performed a brief telephone needs assessment, within 1 week of discharge, in which issues requiring near-term resolution were identified and addressed. Patients with more complicated care needs were identified according to a 4-domain care needs framework and enrolled in more intensive care management. Patients discharged from the 3 control hospitals received usual care. We used a generalized estimating equation model, which adjusts for clustering by hospital, to evaluate the primary outcome of hospital readmission within 60 days. RESULTS There were 97 intervention and 130 control patients. Intervention patients were slightly younger and had higher adjusted clinical group (ACG) scores. In unadjusted analysis, the intervention group had lower, but statistically similar, 60-day rehospitalization rates (23.7% vs 29.2%, P = 0.35). This difference became significant after controlling for ACG score, prior inpatient utilization, and age: adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.49 [0.24-1.00]. CONCLUSIONS A simple post-discharge intervention and needs assessment may be associated with reduced recurrent hospitalization rates in a cohort of chronically ill Medicaid managed care patients with diverse care needs.
Hair Sheep Production in Temperate, Deciduous Appalachian Silvopastures

Silvopastoral management has potential to diversify and increase the output from livestock production systems. Silvopasture production offers solutions to many management issues associated with grazing systems in the Appalachian region. Several tree species have been proposed for silvopastures in humid temperate regions, but little data comparing animal performance from systems with different deciduous tree species are available. Forage and animal performance was compared from open systems (i.e., no trees) with that from silvopastures containing 13-yr-old honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) or black walnut (Juglans nigra) trees. Cool-season grass-legume pastures were rotationally stocked with hair sheep crosses from mid-June through September. The objective of this project was to determine carcass characteristics and meat quality of hair sheep crosses grazing honey locust or black walnut silvopastures in comparison with traditional pasture systems. Forage production varied by year with black walnut having lower production, especially in the 2009 season with black walnut producing less forage compared to open pastures and honeylocust silvopastures (P=0.0008). Only small differences in forage nutritive value were observed. Total gains and average daily gains (ADG) did not differ by treatment in 2008, but during the 2009 season black walnut silvopastures produced
Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalization Is Not Increased with Short‐Term Elevations in Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Background: Previous studies have observed that short‐term exposure to elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) air pollution increases risk of acute ischemic heart disease events and heart failure hospitalization, alters cardiac autonomic function, and increases risk of arrhythmias. This study explored the potential associations between short‐term elevations in PM exposure and atrial fibrillation (AF).
Craniotomy for meningioma in the United States between 1988 and 2000: decreasing rate of mortality and the effect of provider caseload.

OBJECT The goal of this study was to determine the risk of adverse outcomes after contemporary surgical treatment of meningiomas in the US and trends in patient outcomes and patterns of care. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective cohort study by using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample covering the period of 1988 to 2000. Multivariate regression models with disposition end points of death and hospital discharge were used to test patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics, including volume of care, as outcome predictors. Multivariate analyses revealed that larger-volume centers had lower mortality rates for patients who underwent craniotomy for meningioma (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.93, p = 0.01). Adverse discharge disposition was also less likely at high-volume hospitals (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.80, p < 0.001). With respect to the surgeon caseload, there was a trend toward a lower rate of mortality after surgery when higher-caseload providers were involved, and a significantly less frequent adverse discharge disposition (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.80, p < 0.001). The annual meningioma caseload in the US increased 83% between 1988 and 2000, from 3900 patients/year to 7200 patients/year. In-hospital mortality rates decreased 61%, from 4.5% in 1988 to 1.8% in 2000. Reductions in the mortality rates were largest at high-volume centers (a 72% reduction in the relative mortality rate at largest-volume-quintile centers, compared with a 6% increase in the relative mortality rate at lowest-volume-quintile centers). The number of US hospitals where craniotomies were performed for meningiomas increased slightly. Fewer centers hosted one meningioma resection annually, whereas the largest centers had disproportionate increases in their caseloads, indicating a modest centralization of meningioma surgery in the US during this interval. CONCLUSIONS The mortality and adverse hospital discharge disposition rates were lower when meningioma surgery was performed by high-volume providers. The annual US caseload increased, whereas the mortality rates decreased, especially at high-volume centers.
High-temperature heat capacity and thermal expansion of SrTiO3 and SrZrO3 perovskites.

The heat capacity and thermal expansion of ${\mathrm{SrZrO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ have been determined by drop calorimetry and energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction from 300 up to 1800 K or more. For both compounds, thermal history has a slight influence on relative enthalpies in the range 900\char21{}1400 K but a satisfactory precision was obtained through systematic quenches from 1820 K before the calorimetric measurements. Strontium titanate is cubic at room temperature. Up to 1800 K, its heat capacity increases smoothly and its thermal-expansion coefficient remains almost independent of temperature with a value of 3.23(2) ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. At room temperature, strontium zirconate is orthorhombic (space group Pbnm). The phase transitions from orthorhombic Pbnm to orthorhombic Cmcm at 995 K and then to tetragonal I4/mcm at 1105 K are revealed by symmetric, \ensuremath{\lambda}-type variations of the heat capacity. A more diffuse thermal effect characterizes the I4/mcm to cubic Pm3m transition at 1440 K, above which the cubic phase shows an apparently low heat capacity at the highest temperatures. With the resolution of the x-ray technique, only the transition from orthorhombic Pbnm to orthorhombic Cmcm at 970 K was detected with a small volume change of 0.14%. Thermal expansion below 970 K is constant at 2.98(2) ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. At higher temperatures, the apparent thermal expansion decreases smoothly from 2.78(2) to 2.43(2) ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ between 1000 and 1800 K. With recent data on ${\mathrm{CaTiO}}_{3}$, the effects of (Ca,Sr) and (Ti,Zr) substitutions on thermal expansion and on the energetics of the phase transitions are discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Achieving Low-$V_{T}$  Ni-FUSI CMOS by Ultra-Thin $\hbox{Dy}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$  Capping of Hafnium Silicate Dielectrics

This letter reports that the effective work function (eWF) of Ni-Fully Silicided (Ni-FUSI) devices with HfSiON gate dielectrics can be modulated toward the silicon conduction band-edge by deposition of an ultra-thin Dy2O3 cap layer on the host dielectric. The obtained eWF depends on the deposited cap layer thickness and the Ni-FUSI phase, with 10 Aring Dy2O3 cap resulting in DeltaeWF ap 400 meV and final eWF ap 4.08 eV for NiSi-FUSI. Dielectric intermixing occurs without impacting the VT uniformity, gate leakage, mobility, and reliability. Well-behaved short-channel devices ( Lg ~ 100 nm, SS ~ 70 mV/dec, and DIBL ~ 65 mV/V) are demonstrated for both HfSiON and [HfSiON/Dy2O3 cap (5 Aring)] devices with NiSi-FUSI gates, corresponding to a similar . This capping approach, when combined with Ni-silicide FUSI phase engineering, allows (n-p) values up to 800 meV, making it promising for low- CMOS.
Effect of 1-Piece Post and Core Fabrication Techniques on Fracture Strength

Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture strengths of post and core systems produced with different fabrication techniques and materials. Methods Forty extracted human single-root premolars were used in this study. After root canal treatment, the teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each as follows: group C: metallic 1-piece posts and cores fabricated by casting, and serving as the control; group CM: metallic posts and cores fabricated with the copy milled technique; group LS: 1-piece posts and cores fabricated with the laser sintering technique; and group ZR: 1-piece zirconia posts and cores fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). The posts and cores were cemented to the teeth with adhesive resin cement; then, the specimens were mounted to acrylic resin blocks, attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine, and loaded with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, until fracture. Data were statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results The highest fracture results were found in group ZR (315.4 ± 53.4 N), which showed significant differences from all other groups (p<0.05). The lowest test values were found in group C (230.2 ± 29.8 N). Group LS (250.9 ± 29.0 N), group CM (253.0 ± 22.4 N) and group C did not show any significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusions Custom-made zirconia 1-piece posts and cores, fabricated using the CAD-CAM procedure, can be an alternative treatment method when compared with other techniques.
Microbiological quality of artisanal ice cream.

In the course of the years 1990 and 1991, 396 samples of artisanal ice-cream had been collected from different ice-cream shops in Udine and province and analysed. All tested flavours contained aerobic germs, coliforms, Enterococci and yeasts in different quantities. In the analysed samples neither Salmonellae spp. , nor Listeria monocytogenes nor Staphylococcus aureus were detected. Numerous species of coliforms and yeasts were randomly isolated and identified. The statistical analysis, used to compare the variables (flavour, month, year), showed significant differences among the samples analysed in the two years. In September, the means of the total aerobic count were significantly different from the ones of July and of August. No significant differences were noted in the means of coliforms, total aerobic counts and yeasts in the different flavours. The techniques for recovery of freeze-stressed coliforms in artificially contaminated samples of ice-cream showed that the three techniques, which use both selective and non-selective mediums, are better than those ones, which use only selective mediums. Lastly, with regard at the coliform values, the ice-creams tested have small-medium quality. In fact 26% of the ice-creams cannot be sealed, according to the Italian Ministry Ordinance (October 11, 1978).
Glucocorticoids Synergistically Enhance NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae-induced Toll-like Receptor 2 Expression via a Negative Cross-talk with p38 MAP Kinase*

The recognition of invading microbes followed by the induction of effective innate immune response is crucial for host survival. Human surface epithelial cells are situated at host-environment boundaries and thus act as the first line of host defense against invading microbes. They recognize the microbial ligands via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. TLR2 has gained importance as a major receptor for a variety of microbial ligands. In contrast to its high expression in lymphoid tissues, TLR2 is expressed at low level in epithelial cells. Thus, it remains unclear whether the low amount of TLR2 expressed in epithelial cells is sufficient for mediating bacteria-induced host defense and immune response and whether TLR2 expression can be up-regulated by bacteria during infection. Here, we show that TLR2, although expressed at very low level in unstimulated human epithelial cells, is greatly up-regulated by nontypeableHemophilus influenzae (NTHi), an important human bacterial pathogen causing otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Activation of an IKKβ-IκBα-dependent NF-κB pathway is required for TLR2 induction, whereas inhibition of the MKK3/6-p38α/β pathway leads to enhancement of NTHi-induced TLR2 up-regulation. Surprisingly, glucocorticoids, well known potent anti-inflammatory agents, synergistically enhance NTHi-induced TLR2 up-regulation likely via a negative cross-talk with the p38 MAP kinase pathway. These studies may bring new insights into the role of bacteria and glucocorticoids in regulating host defense and immune response and lead to novel therapeutic strategies for modulating innate immune and inflammatory responses for otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
No functional reserve at exhaustion in endurance-trained men?

to the editor: We read with great interest the study by Ferguson et al. ([2][1]). The authors remark that the main factor limiting Vo2 max in sedentary people is O2 extraction capacity. However, Saltin’s studies clearly demonstrated that training in deconditioned subjects increases Vo2 max by
Comparison of the clinical and prognostic features of primary breast sarcomas and malignant phyllodes tumor.

OBJECTIVE Primary breast sarcoma is a kind of extremely rare disease. Malignant phyllodes tumor represents a specific subset of breast soft tissue tumors. So till now, the classification and clinical management of primary breast sarcoma and malignant phyllodes tumor are controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in clinical features, treatment, disease-free survival and overall survival between primary breast sarcoma and malignant phyllodes tumor group. METHODS A retrospective review of 35 cases with primary breast sarcoma and 70 cases with malignant phyllodes tumor registered from 1995 to 2010 was carried out in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Prognosis in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival was evaluated. RESULTS In primary breast sarcoma group, the result of univariate analysis demonstrated that surgical type, histopathological nodal status and local recurrence were significantly correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival. While, the result of monofactorial analysis showed the tumor size was significant prognostic indicator of disease-free survival and overall survival in malignant phyllodes tumor group. The Kaplan-Meier curves for 5-year disease-free survival rates and overall survival rates demonstrated that no significant difference was found between the primary breast sarcoma and malignant phyllodes tumor group (P = 0.702 and 0.772, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The primary breast sarcoma patients had identical disease-free survival and overall survival compared with the malignant phyllodes tumor patients, which indicated that primary breast sarcoma and malignant phyllodes tumor patients should be treated with the same strategies. Surgical management is important for both the primary breast sarcoma and malignant phyllodes tumor patients. The role of the adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains uncertain.
Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS As default, Helicobacter pylori infection may cause systemic inflammation and vascular endothelial damage. Therefore, it can be assumed that the glomerular damage as a result may lead to an increase in urinary albumin excretion. In this study, this hypothesis was set, and the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and microalbuminuria was examined. METHODS Ninety-three patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups as Helicobacter pylori infection-positive (Group 1) or -negative (Group 2). In all infected and non-infected patients, urinary albumin excretion and other parameters were compared. RESULTS The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 53 of 93 diabetic patients (56.98%). Diabetic patients infected by Helicobacter pylori (Group 1; 186.7±24.2 mg/24 h) showed significantly higher microalbuminuria than non-infected patients (Group 2; 131.2±11.6 mg/24 h) (p=0.012). Diabetics infected with Helicobacter pylori had significantly higher inflammation marker levels than non-infected patients (p<0.05). It has been concluded that the relation between microalbuminuria level and Helicobacter pylori infection in diabetics is independent from other study variables. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori infection, because of the systemic inflammatory response, may play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy or its development. In this study, demonstrating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection with diabetic microalbuminuria, due to the small number of patients, is inadequate. Therefore, clinical and molecular studies involving more patients should be supported.