Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Standards Advisory Group (Csag) Cleft Lip and Palate Study

A national study of care and outcomes in children born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) was performed over a 15-month period. Two cohorts of children (‘5-year-olds’ and ‘12-year-olds’) were examined. There were 57 active cleft teams in the U.K. with 105 consultant orthodontists involved in the care of these children. Only 36 teams could provide basic data such as patients names. Of the patients, 47–51 per cent had neonatal appliances. The dental arch relationships were measured with the Goslon Index and a Five-Year-Old Index, 37–39 per cent of both age groups were either ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’. Seventy per cent of the 12-year-old patients had a Skeletal III relation and 42 per cent of bone grafts were seriously deficient or failed. Dental treatment for active caries was needed by 40 per cent of 5-year-olds and 20 per cent of 12-year-olds. In addition, the training of recently appointed consultant orthodontists involved in the care of these children was scrutinized. As a whole, the results were disappointing with standards of care not significantly raised in the last decade. Recommendations have been made to the Department of Health and the implications for the orthodontic profession are explored. Overall, it seems that fewer orthodontists will need to be involved in a centralized care model for
Limited Prognostic Value of c-erbB-2 Compared to uPA and PAI-1 in Primary Breast Carcinoma

In a retrospective study of 488 women with primary breast cancer, after a median follow-up of 10 years, we sought interactions between disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) and tumor antigen levels of two components of the plasminogen system, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1, and the transmembrane growth factor receptor c-erbB-2. We used ELISAs (American Diagnostica, Greenwich, CT, USA) to quantify uPA and PAI-1 antigen levels in cytosols, and a double monoclonal antibody-based assay (EIA) (Ciba Corning Diagnostics, Alameda, CA, USA) to quantify c-erbB-2 in membrane extracts of the same tissues. Weak positive correlations were found between uPA and c-erbB-2 (rs=0.146; p=0.001) and between PAI-1 and c-erbB-2 (rs=0.154; p<0.001). In the overall population, using univariate analyses, c-erbB-2 overexpression and high uPA and PAI-1 antigen levels (>300 IU/mg, >1.40 ng/mg and >5.53 ng/mg, respectively) were significantly associated with shorter DFS (p=0.003, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and OS (p<0.001 in all cases). Using multivariate analyses, PAI-1, node status and tumor size were independent predictors of DFS and c-erbB-2 was retained in the model only for OS. In the node-negative subgroup, PAI-1 was the strongest significant survival predictor both for OS (p=0.003; HR 2.52) and DFS (p<0.001; HR 2.39). This study shows that in primary breast cancer c-erbB-2 offers no additional prognostic information when uPA and/or PAI-1 are candidates in the multivariate analyses.
Linear and Angular Changes in Dento-Facial Dimensions in the Third Decade

It is generally recognized that small changes in dentofacial dimensions and relationships occur in adult life. It has been suggested that these may be sufficient to account for postretention changes in the occlusion and alignment of the dentition in subjects who have undergone orthodontic treatment (Sarnäs and Solow, 1980; Behrents et al ., 1989; Bondevik, 1995). Longitudinal studies on untreated, dentate subjects after the age of 20 years using cephalometric radiographs report an increase in anterior face height, but a measure of disagreement exists as to the nature and amount of the changes in some other dimensions, notably incisor angulations (Forsberg, 1979; Sarnäs and Solow, 1980; Behrents, 1985; Forsberg et al., 1991; Bishara et al., 1994; Bondevik, 1995). The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the changes in some dentofacial parameters in untreated, dentate subjects during the third decade of life.
The determinants of prone infant sleep position : analysis of the 1998-1999 Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System dataset

vii BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE. 1 SIDS . 1 INFANT SLEEP POSITION. 3 STUDY GOALS AND HYPOTHESES. 8 METHODS. 9 PRAMS . 9 POPULATION STUDIED. 11 VARIABLE SELECTION AND CODING . 12 SPSS AND SUDAAN . 15 ANALYTICAL METHOD. 16 Univariable logistic regression . 16 Multivariable logistic regression. 16 Post hoc Power analysis and the Design Effect. 19 RESULTS . 20 DEMOGRAPHICS . 21 UNIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTS . 21 MULTIVARIABLE LOGISCTIC REGRESSION RESULTS: RACE/ETHNICITY . 26 MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTS: BIRTH ORDER . 28 MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTS: INITIATION OF PRENATAL CARE . 31 MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTS: TYPE OF MEDICAL CARE SITES . 33 MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTS: FORWARD STEPWISE REGRESSION. 39 MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTS: COMPARISON WITH POLLACK & FROHNA MODEL. 40 POST HOC POWER ANALYSIS . 42 DISCUSSION . 44 RACE/ETHNICITY. 45 BIRTH ORDER. 51 THE INITIATION OF PRENATAL CARE . 53 PRENATAL AND WELL BABY CARE SITES . 53 LIMITATIONS. 67 IMPORTANCE OF THE FINDINGS. 72 DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH. 74 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 76 REFERENCES. 78 APPENDICES. 86
Is ossification of sternum at all a valuable guide for determination of age at middle age group

In spite of stringent rulling on compulsory birth and death registration there are many cases that do not have a birth certificate even today. Forensic Pathologists often required to estimate the chronological age of a subject biologically for various reasons. It is particularly a increasing problem with advancing age above 25 yrs. As from around 25 years untill old age there is no dramatic events as eruption of tooth or the appearance of ossification center.
Interchangeability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Assays for Total and Free Prostate-Specific Antigen: Two not Always Related Items

The variation between different PSA assays seems to influence the interpretation of individual PSA values and the clinical decisions about prostate cancer. One reason for this variability could be the different reactivity of antibodies for the various molecular forms of serum PSA; as a result, samples containing the same amount of tPSA but different proportions of fPSA can produce very different values. In this study, serum samples were collected prospectively from 152 consecutive patients referred to 2 institutions (Regional Hospital, Venice, 90 subjects; San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, 62 subjects) for PSA elevation and/or symptoms. Serum samples were assessed according to the manufacturers’ instructions on the following 2 analyzers: the Immulite 2000 assay (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, USA), which measures tPSA and fPSA, and the ADVIA Centaur (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, USA), which assays tPSA and cPSA. cPSA values were transformed into fPSA by the equation fPSA=tPSA-cPSA. When taking Immulite tPSA and f/tPSA values as 100%, ADVIA Centaur values were 92.6% and 122%, respectively, which means that 20% of patients would be classified differently according to the traditional biopsy cutoff. In conclusion, there are considerable differences between the 2 methods, which could affect clinical decisions. (Int J Biol Markers 2007; 22: 154-8)
Detection of Breast Cancer by Surface-enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Tissue and Serum Protein Profiling

Aim: Novel diagnostic breast cancer markers have been extensively searched for in the proteome, using, among others, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). Thus far, the majority of SELDI-TOF MS studies have investigated samples originating from biorepositories, which hampers biomarker discovery as they likely suffer from variable adherence to collection protocols. Material and methods: We investigated breast cancer (n=75) and control (n=26) serum and tissue samples, collected prospectively by rigorous adherence to a strictly defined protocol. Sera were collected preoperatively and postoperatively, and serum and tissue samples were analyzed by SELDI-TOF MS using the IMAC30 Ni and Q10 pH 8 array. Results: Three serum peaks were significantly associated with breast cancer, while in tissue, 27 discriminative peaks were detected. Several peak clusters gradually increased or decreased in intensity from healthy to benign to cancer, or with increasing cancer stage. The constructed classification trees had a tenfold cross-validated performance of 67% to 87%. Two tissue peaks were identified as N-terminal albumin fragments. These are likely to have been generated by (breast) cancer-specific proteolytic activity in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: These albumin fragments can potentially provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with, or underlying, breast cancer, and aid in improving breast cancer diagnosis. (Int J Biol Markers 2009; 24: 130-41)
Baseline Urinary Phytoestrogen Levels and the Natural History of Untreated, Localised Prostate Cancer in a British Population

Aim To determine whether urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens are associated with the rate of disease progression in men with untreated, localised prostate cancer. Patients and methods Patients with untreated, localised prostatic adenocarcinoma on a prospective clinical study of active surveillance had urine samples collected at baseline. Patients underwent monitoring with serial PSA levels and repeat octant prostate biopsies. Disease progression was defined as either adverse histology on repeat biopsy (primary Gleason grade ≥4, or >50% positive cores) or radical treatment for PSA velocity >1 ng/mL/year. Time to disease progression was analysed with respect to baseline urinary levels of genistein, enterolactone, daidzein and equol, assayed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results 191 patients were evaluable, with a median follow-up of 2.5 years. 71 patients experienced disease progression. No significant association was seen between time to disease progression and baseline urinary levels of daidzein (p=0.85), genistein (p=0.81), enterolactone (p=0.085) or equol (p=0.33). No significant association was seen between adverse histology on repeat biopsy and urinary levels of either daidzein (p=0.85), genistein (p=0.58), enterolactone (p=0.88) or equol (p=0.71). There was no significant correlation between PSA velocity and urinary levels of daidzein (p=0.90), genistein (p=0.98), enterolactone (p=0.10) or equol (p=0.60). Conclusion These data do not support the hypothesis that phytoestrogens prevent disease progression in men with localised prostate cancer.
Cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly hypertensive

The prevention of cognitive disorders and dementia represents a major challenge in the coming years. The identification and management of the risk factors for these incapacitating conditions must therefore be a priority in order to define the best tools for early prevention. Studies over the past few years indicate that hypertension is involved not only in cerebro-vascular morbidity and mortality, but also in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders and dementia. The existence of cognitive deficits and dementia syndromes in certain hypertensive elderly subjects has led a number of authors to study the relationships between cognitive functions and blood pressure (BP). Although the results of cross-sectional studies diverge, longitudinal studies show that subjects’ cognitive level is often inversely proportional to their BP values measured 15 or 20 years previously. The higher their BP used to be, the poorer their cognitive function. Data from certain recent therapeutic trials suggest that antihypertensive treatment might prevent the occurrence of dementia (of all aetiologies) in hypertensive patients aged 60 years and over. In this context, the effect of antihypertensive treatment on cognitive functions should represent one of the main criteria of evaluation of future morbidity and mortality studies, some of which are already in progress, with results available in the near future.
Separate, Dedicated Care Teams for Living Organ Donors

team that provides the evaluation, education, care, support, and follow-up for them alone. At our center, we have dedicated living donor personnel; because of the feedback we have received from our donors regard ing this approach, and the arguments presented in this article, we believe that establishing separate care teams for donors and recipients, including all of the disciplines involved, should be the best practice goal of every transplant program.
Levels of Cathepsins S and H in Pleural Fluids of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Origin

Cathepsins S and H are present in immune cells and tissues and may play a role in the activation of an adoptive immune response. Our goal was to assess their protein levels in pleural fluids from 82 patients who underwent thoracentesis or thoracoscopy for therapeutic or diagnostic reasons and to relate them to an inflammatory, neoplastic or hemodynamic origin. Pleural effusions were also analyzed for a panel of 13 inflammatory or proliferative markers to test possible links to a nonspecific host reaction. Increased levels of cathepsin S were found in parainflammatory and cancer-related effusions compared to transudates. Cathepsin H levels were elevated only in parainflammatory effusions, whereas the levels in cancer-related effusions were comparable to transudates. Cathepsin S values significantly correlated with LDH, alpha-1-AT, VEGF, sICAM, sVCAM, MPO, uPA, MMP-9/TIMP-1, IL-8 and MCP-1, but not with CRP, IL-10 or cathepsin H. In contrast to cathepsin S, cathepsin H values did not correlate with markers of inflammation, indicating a specific role for cathepsin H in the pleural host response. In conclusion, the estimation of cathepsin S and cathepsin H may help to distinguish between effusions of different etiology. (Int J Biol Markers 2009; 24: 47-51)
Role of diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation of infertility

Background: Infertility has become nowadays not only a medical, but a social problem as well. None of the laboratory findings alone is conclusive in diagnosing infertility. Diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy is an accurate method of assessing and treating infertility. Direct visualization of abdominal and pelvic organs in hysteroscopy and laparoscopy allows a definite diagnosis where clinical examination and less invasive techniques such as ultrasound, SSG and HSG fail to identify the problem. The main objective of study was to determine the role of diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation of infertility in tertiary care centers. Methods: A prospective hospital based study was carried out in two tertiary care centers (Sheth V.S. General Hospital and Smt. S.C.L. Municipal Hospital) over a period of 2 years from July 2013 to June 2015. Hysterolaparoscopy was done in 300 patients. Women aged 20-40 years with normal hormone profile without male factor infertility were included. Results: Out of 300 cases, 206 (69%) patients had primary infertility. While laparoscopy detected abnormalities in 35% of the cases, significant hysteroscopy findings were noted in 17% of cases. Together, diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy detected abnormalities in 26% of the infertile patients in both groups. While the most common laparoscopic abnormality was endometriosis (14%) and adnexal adhesions (12%) in primary and secondary infertile patients respectively, on hysteroscopy, intrauterine septum was found as the commonest abnormality in both the groups. Conclusions: Hysterolaparoscopy is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of certain significant and correctable tubo-peritoneal and intrauterine pathologies like peritoneal endometriosis, adnexal adhesions and subseptate uterus, which are usually missed by other imaging modalities.
Stat3 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival

The present study sought to explore the occurrence of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (n=135) and its potential relationship with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Stat3 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of Stat3 was observed in 62% of patients, whereas only nuclear Stat3 expression was found in 44%. Stat3 positivity in early-stage patients was 45% compared to 79% in advanced-stage patients. However, early-stage Stat3-positive patients showed a gradual increase in staining intensity, with intense staining seen in 52% of the tumors compared to 18% in Stat3-positive advancedstage patients, where a gradual decrease in intensity expression was observed (p=0.001). Stat3 showed a significant positive correlation with disease stage (p=0.001), nodal status (p=0.033) and tumor size (p=0.001). Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that nuclear Stat3 was a significant independent prognosticator for both relapse-free survival (p=0.014) and overall survival (p=0.042) in early-stage patients. Our results indicated that Stat3 activation is an early event in oral squamous cell carcinoma and represents a potential risk factor for poor prognosis in early-stage patients. (Int J Biol Markers 2006; 21: 175-83)
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Expression of ErbB-4 in Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate cytoplasmic and nuclear ErbB-4 expression in prostate cancer specimens and its association with outcome. Basic procedures: Specimens of 50 prostate cancer patients were investigated for ErbB-4 overexpression using immunohistochemistry staining. Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was graded as 0-3 according to its intensity. The prognostic parameters were tumor stage, PSA level, Gleason score, probability of positive lymph nodes (Partin’s tables and Roach equation), and 5-year disease free survival (Kattan nomogram). Main findings: Overexpression of ErbB-4 (≥ 1) was detected in 30 (60%) patients and overexpression using cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was ≥ 2 in 19 (38%) and 17 (34%) patients, respectively. In only one third of the specimens was there any similarity between the 2 types of staining. Advanced tumor stage, high pretreatment PSA levels and high Gleason scores were evenly distributed among the patients with low (≤ 1) and intermediate/high (≥ 2) ErbB-4 expression. The probability of lymph node involvement and 5-year disease free survival were similar in both types of staining. Principal conclusions: ErbB-4 was overexpressed (cytoplasmic and nuclear staining) in approximately one third of prostate cancer patients. The rate of similarity between the 2 staining types was only 33%: overexpression was evenly distributed among intermediate/high and low risk prostate cancer patients with both staining methods. (Int J Biol Markers 2007; 22: 181-5)
Alternative Therapy Use in Liver Transplant Recipients

including herbal products has increased exponentially in the last decade. An estimated 42% of the US population consume herbal medicines, and this proportion is believed to be growing. Americans spent approximately $27 billion on alternative therapies in 1997. Heightened awareness of the evolving role of alternative therapies in contemporary American society is evidenced by the fact that in 2000, 43% of US medical schools included complementary and alternative medicine among their required courses. Additionally, a survey of physicians in 2002 documented that 60% of the respondents wished to learn more about alternative therapies. The use of alternative therapies has several relevant implications for organ transplant recipients. Herbal products are perceived as natural and therefore generally considered safe and innocuous. However, their use in transplant recipients can be associated with significant drug interactions and potentially life-threatening sequelae. Physicians may be unaware of herbal medicine use by patients. Thus, potentially harmful drug interactions may go unrecognized. Resorting to alternative therapies may involve significant and, at times, needless expense incurred by many already financially strained patients. Finally, data in nontransplant settings suggest that the use of alternative therapies may be a marker of greater psychosocial distress and depression. A few studies have reported on the use of alternative therapies in organ transplant recipients. However, the psychosocial and behavioral factors that may contribute to the use of alternative therapies in these patients have not been fully examined. The goals of this study were to determine the extent of use and types of alternative therapies used by liver transplant recipients; to determine the psychological, behavioral, and qualityof-life variables associated with the use of alternative therapies; and to document any adverse effects attributed to alternative therapy use in these patients.
Parental Perceptions and Attitudes on Orthodontic Care

The objective of this paper is to determine whether an association existed between parents’ attitudes to ortho dontic issues affecting themselves and their attitudes to possible orthodontic treatment for their child. It consisted of an analytical survey using a self-administered questionnaire, taken in South East England of six-hundred parents of children aged 9 years. The questionnaires were delivered to the parent with the help of their child’s school. Four-hundred-and-thirty-seven questionnaires were returned (73 per cent). Significant associations were found between desire by the parents for orthodontic treatment for themselves and perception of need in their child, parental satisfaction with own dental appearance and perception of need in their child, a parental history of orthodontic treatment and a determination to insist on their child’s co-operation with orthodontic treatment. Logistic regression models show the odds of parents who desire orthodontic treatment themselves, perceiving need in their children are three times greater than for other parents. 1. There is some evidence that parents who desire orthodontic treatment for themselves, or who are former orthodontic patients are more likely to approve of orthodontic care in principle and to perceive a need for it in their child. 2. Further research is required to establish to what extent genetic factors are involved. Index words: Attitude to Health; Malocclusion Psychology; Orthodontics Corrective Psychology; Parents’ Psychology; Self-concept;