Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classi fi cation of Head Injury

Head injuries can be categorized in several ways: by mechanism of injury (closed or penetrating injury), morphology (fractures, focal intracranial injury, diffuse intracranial injury), or severity of injury (mild to severe). Immediate triage and assessment of the severity and probable survival of the traumatized patient should be made whenever possible already at the scene of injury. Of useful help are the various trauma scores that have been developed to triage the patients for proper care and evaluate the severity of injury. The scores are based on physiological and/or anatomical features, as well as patient responses. Physiological scores are exempli fi ed by Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) (Teasdale and Jennett 1974 ) , the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) (Champion et al. 1989 ) , and the Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) (Tepas et al. 1987 ) . The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is an anatomical score based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) that provides an overall score of the patient (Baker et al. 1974 ) . The GCS has been the most valuable and frequently used scoring system for assessing the severity of a head trauma. To estimate severity of brain injury after head trauma, various classi fi cation systems of head injury have been proposed and modi fi ed throughout the years. Most of them are based on the patients’ level of consciousness according to the GCS, as e.g. the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS) (Stein and Spettell 1995 ) . The Swedish Reaction Level Scale 85 (RLS) is a somewhat
Clinical significance and diagnostic value of IgG 4 in patients with sicca syndrome

Objective: To study the sensitivity and specificity of IgG4 in the diagnosis of Sicca syndrome (SS) and to explore its clinical application value in the diagnosis of SS. Methods: The medical records of 215 patients with Sicca syndrome (SS group), 304 cases with simple connective tissue disease (CTD group) and 100 healthy volunteers (control group) were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A difference in course of disease was found between the SS and CTD groups (P < 0.05). The course of disease in patients with sSS was longer than that in patients with pSS (P < 0.05). The serum IgG4 levels in the SS and CTD groups were higher than that in the control group and the serum IgG4 levels were higher in the SS group than that in CTD group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the AUC of IgG4 in diagnosing SS from healthy people was 0.868, the diagnostic level of IgG4 was 0.485 g/L. AUC of IgG4 in diagnosing SS from CTD was 0.675, the IgG4 diagnostic level was 0.541 g/L, the sensitivity was 71.7% and the specificity was 59.1%. Conclusion: IgG4 has good application value in SS diagnosis and IgG4 is applicable as a supplement to routine diagnosis of SS patients so as to increase sensitivity.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Temperature Trend and its Possible Effects on Water Resources and Water Uses in Climatic Zones of Iran's Zayandehrud River Basin

The minimum, moderate and maximum temperature trends at seasonal time scale in 5 climatic zones using 37 meteorological stations in Zayandehrud river basin was studied regionally and the relationship to water resources, water uses of each zone and its possible effects were determined. The results showed that the majority of the climatic zones will have an increasing trend in spring, summer and fall and a decreasing trend in winter. The highest growth rate occurs in overnight temperature in spring and summer and daily temperature in fall. In winter, there is no significant difference between the slopes of temperature variables trend. The Most increasing slopes of the trend are seen in the northern part of the basin and during summer and the least decreasing slopes are in the northern and North-western parts of the basin during winter. The temperature rise in fall, spring and summer affect the reduction of water resources and increasing consumption in different areas. Among the various zones, the Eastern part of the basin will be faced with more water stress to meet their needs. The findings of this study can be effective for an identification of sensitive areas to climate change in the basin and planning to control water stress and achieving sustainable river basin management. Cloud coverage and rainfall associated defectively with the subtractive temperature span. Detailing long-term tendencys or determined moves in temperature and precipitation is significant for considerate the present and future alterations in nature. Monthly precipitation alterations may be optimistic or undesirable in various months of the year. While heating can possibly abridge the crop growth period, crop production and water efficiency of all crops are anticipated to reduction due to lower precipitation and higher water prerequisites under higher temperature. The Zayandeh-Rud River basin, Iran, is anticipated to encounter spatiotemporally heterogeneous temperature rise and precipitation decrease that will reduction water supply by mid-century. consequences propose that infrastructural recoveries, strict water request management and ecosystem-based regulatory prioritization, integrated by supply increase can temporarily reduce water stress in a basin.
AN INTRODUCTION TO MALGRANGE PSEUDOGROUP by

— The pseudogroup defined by B. Malgrange as a generalization of the differential Galois group for nonlinear differential equation is presented. It is proved that a equation integrable by quadratures has a solvable pseudgroup. From this a new proof of a theorem of M. Singer is given. Résumé (Une introduction au pseudo-groupe de Malgrange). — Nous donnons une introduction au pseudo-groupe défini par B. Malgrange généralisant aux équations différentielles non linéaires le groupe de Galois différentiel. Nous prouvons que le pseudo-groupe d’une équation intégrable par quadratures est résoluble et donnons une nouvelle preuve d’un théorème de M. Singer.
Software defined radio based laboratories in undergraduate computer networking courses

The explosion of wireless technology has made it a hot topic in undergraduate education. Many undergraduate students are intrigued by the secrets behind wireless communication and networking, but few institutions can provide hands-on laboratories in their networking courses due to expensive hardware equipment. Funded by a collaborative NSF TUES type II project, a series of affordable and evolvable software defined radio (SDR) based laboratories was implemented and institutionalized at three institutions to demonstrate its capability and adaptability. As a participating institution, Central State University worked closely with Wright State University and Miami University and successfully adapted the novel SDR based laboratories. We further initialized our own laboratory modules to improve undergraduate students' understanding and learning. The laboratory modules were integrated into two undergraduate level networking-related courses, and the course assessment showed positive learning outcomes. The exploratory project is a work in progress and we will continue the development in order to lead a national model of SDR laboratory based courses.
Globalisation and Total Factor Productivity in the Selected Malaysian Construction Sector

The construction sector has been growing dramatically in line with the expansion of other economic sectors in the Malaysian economy. This sector has been experiencing a tremendous growth and contributes significantly to the employment generation. The sustainability and competitiveness of this sector is very much dependent on its efficiency that can be measured from total factor productivity (TFP) growth. However, the globalisation process may give positive or negative affect on TFP growth of the construction sector, hence, influencing its competiveness in the global arena. This paper aims to investigate the effect of globalisation on TFP growth of the construction sector. Analysis is based on the data from the Construction Survey Malaysia for the period of 1990-2009 collected by the Department of Statistics Malaysia. There are four construction subsectors included in the analysis, namely, residential buildings, non-residential buildings, building installation and civil engineering. The results show that capital-labour ratio and the composition of professional workers are significantly positive. The globalisation indicators like foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign workers and economic openness are used as independent variables in the TFG growth model. The estimation results show that all globalisation indicators in the model affect TFP growth of the construction sector.
PROOF COVER SHEET

We test the sensitivity of hydrodynamic andmagnetohydrodynamic turbulent convection simulationswith respect toMachnumber, thermal andmagneticboundary conditions, and the centrifugal force.We find that varying the luminosity, which also controls the Mach number, has only a minor effect on the large-scale dynamics. A similar conclusion can also be drawn from the comparison of two formulations of the lower magnetic boundary condition with either vanishing electric field or current density. The centrifugal force has an effect on the solutions, but only if its magnitude with respect to acceleration due to gravity is by two orders of magnitude greater than in the Sun. Finally, we find that the parameterisation of the photospheric physics, either by an explicit cooling term or enhanced radiative diffusion, is more important than the thermal boundary condition. In particular, runs with cooling tend to lead to more anisotropic convection and stronger deviations from the Taylor-Proudman state. In summary, the fully compressible approach taken herewith the Pencil Code is found to be valid, while still allowing the disparate timescales to be taken into account. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 24 July 2018 Accepted 2 January 2019
Solution-Processable Conductive Graphene-Based Materials for Flexible Electronics

Zhao, J. 2019. Solution-Processable Conductive Graphene-Based Materials for Flexible Electronics. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1799. 65 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0636-0. This thesis work explores electrical conductors based on few-layer graphene flakes as an enabler for low-cost, mechanically flexible, and high-conductivity conductors in large area flexible and printed electronic devices. The flakes are deposited from aqueous solutions and processed at low temperature. Graphene is selected for its excellent properties in mechanical, optical, electronic, and electrical aspects. However, thin films of pristine few-layer graphene flakes deposited from dispersions normally exhibit inferior electrical conductivity. One cause responsible for this problem is the loose stacking and random orientation of graphene flakes in a graphene deposition. We have solved this problem by implementing a simple post-deposition treatment leading to dramatically densified and planarized thin films. Significantly increased electrical conductivity by ~20 times is obtained. The 1-pyrenebutyric acid tetrabutylammonium salt as an exfoliation enhancer and dispersant in water yields ~110 S/m in conductivity when the graphene based thin films are processed at 90 °C. In order to achieve higher conductivity, a room-temperature method for site-selective copper electroless deposition has been developed. This method is of particular interest for the self-aligned copper deposition to the predefined graphene films. The resultant two-layer graphene/copper structure is characterized by an overall conductivity of ~7.9 × 10 S/m, an increase by ~7000 times from the template graphene films. Several electronic circuits based on the graphene/copper bilayer interconnect have been subsequently fabricated on plastic foils as proof-of-concept demonstrators. Alternatively, highly conductive composites featuring graphene flakes coated with silver nanoparticles with electrical conductivity beyond 10 S/m can be readily obtained at 100 C. Moreover, a highly conductive reduced-graphene-oxide/copper hybrid hydrogel has been achieved by mixing aqueous graphene oxide solution and copper-containing Fehling's solution. The corresponding aerogel of high porosity exhibits an apparent electrical conductivity of ~430 S/m and delivers a specific capacity of ~453 mAh g at current density of 1 A/g. The experimental results presented in this thesis show that the solution-phase, low-temperature fabrication of highly conductive graphene-based materials holds promises for flexible electronics and energy storage applications.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS – HYPERSPECTRAL MAPPING OF CORAL REEF SYSTEMS USING EO-1 HYPERION , BUCK ISLAND , U . S . VIRGIN ISLANDS

1.0 Introduction Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data consisting of hundreds of spectral bands provide the unique ability to identify Earth surface materials based on their spectral properties (Goetz et al., 1985). While these data can be analyzed using multispectral image (MSI) analysis techniques, classical MSI methods do not take full advantage of the spectral dimensionality of these datasets. Geologists have been analyzing hyperspectral data since 1983 with excellent results (Goetz et al., 1985; Lang et al. 1987; Kruse, 1988; Crowley, 1993; Boardman and Kruse, 1994; Clark et al., 1996; Boardman and Huntington, 1996; Crowley and Zimbelman, 1996, Kruse et al., 1993a, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003). Consequently, a broad range of hyperspectral-specific analysis techniques have been examined, refined, and put into operational practice (Kruse, 1988; Mazer et al., 1988; Clark et al., 1991; Clark and Swayze, 1995; Boardman et al., 1995; Boardman, 1998; Kruse et al., 1993a, 1993b, 1999). These methods utilize the unique capabilities of hyperspectral data to locate, map, and identify the materials present on the Earth’s surface. This paper describes a successful geologic case history using an end-to-end approach with satellite-based (Hyperion) data, including data correction to apparent reflectance, use of a linear transformation to minimize noise and determine data dimensionality, location of the most spectrally pure pixels, extraction of endmember spectra, and spatial mapping of specific endmembers. Recently, AIG has begun utilizing this approach with hyperspectral data of the near-shore marine environment (Kruse et al., 1997; Richardson and Kruse, 2000). While ocean data are generally more complex, and some work has been done in applying HSI data to near-shore-marine problems (Dekker et al., 1992; Davis et al., 1993; Carder et al., 1993; Clark et al., 1997, Holasek et al, 1998; Holden and LeDrew, 1999; Holden et al., 1999; Hochberg and Atkinson, 2000), many of the concepts developed for geologic analysis are applicable to analysis of near-shore hyperspectral data. The Hyperion case history described here for Buck Island, St Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands utilizes the unique capabilities of hyperspectral data to locate, map, and identify components of the coral reef ecosystem, assessing hyperspectral data’s capability with respect to established ground truth. Use of the “standard” methods provides a viable first look at reef composition and distribution. Application of additional water column corrections to the hyperspectral data prior to signature extraction results in mapping improvements and demonstrates the requirement for extraction of bottom reflectance signatures to avoid mapping water depth dependencies rather than bottom composition differences.
Neck circumference can be used as a valuable tool to screen the cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese elderly : a community based study

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between neck circumference and cardiovascular risk factors including diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose in Chinese elderly. Methods: 2074 individuals of the East China elderly population over 65 years old were analyzed. Anthropometric index, lifestyle and past history were recorded. The biomarkers of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and total bilirubin were detected. Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between neck circumference and cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose). Results: Neck circumference was correlated with the investigative cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose) (P < 0.001). After adjusting age and gender, multiple linear regression analysis showed that neck circumference was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides (P < 0.05). After a further adjustment of smoking, drinking, physical exercise and lifestyle, there was still a significant difference in correlation between neck circumference and each relevant index (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We found that neck circumference was closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors including diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose.
Combining Point and Line Samples for Direct Illumination

We develop a unified framework for combining point and line samples in direct lighting calculations. While line samples have proven beneficial in a variety of rendering contexts, their application in direct lighting has been limited due to a lack of formulas for evaluating advanced BRDFs along a line and performance tied to the orientation of occluders in the scene. We lift these limitations by elevating line samples to a shared higher‐dimensional space with point samples. Our key insight is to separate the probability distribution functions of line samples and points that lie along a line sample. This simple conceptual change allows us to apply multiple importance sampling (MIS) between points and lines, and lines with each other, in order to leverage their respective strengths. We also show how to improve the convergence rate of MIS between points and lines in an unbiased way using a novel discontinuity‐smoothing balance heuristic. We verify through a set of rendering experiments that our proposed MISing of points and lines, and lines with each other, reduces variance of the direct lighting estimate while supporting an increased range of BSDFs compared to analytic line integration.
Price Search Across Time and Across Stores

In response to price dispersion across stores and price promotions over time, consumers search across both stores and time, in many retail settings. Yet there is no search model in extant research that jointly endogenizes search in both dimensions. We develop a model of search across stores and across time that nests a nite horizon model of search across stores within an in nite horizon model of inter-temporal search. The model is estimated using an iterative procedure that formulates it as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) embedded within an E-M algorithm to allow estimation of latent class heterogeneity. The empirical analysis uses data on household store visits and purchases in the milk category. In contrast to extant research, we nd that omitting the temporal dimension underestimates price elasticity. We attribute this di? erence to the relative frequency of household stockouts and purchase frequency in the milk category. Interestingly, we nd that for a given mean and variance in price, increasing the frequency while reducing depth of price promotions across all stores can increase share of visits and pro ts for consumers’ preferred store for the segment with high price sensitivity and low cross-store search cost; consumers who are most prone to search across stores and across time.
Greedy or Grateful? Asking for More when Thanking Donors

Charities often send annual “thank you letters” to express gratitude to donors, but seek to defray these costs by inviting additional donations or engagement. However, the additional asks may backfire if potential donors see the thank you message as “insincere” or “manipulative. ” We test this trade-off by conducting a field experiment in cooperation with a leading charity in India. We find that an explicit ask for additional donations or even a request to follow the organization on Facebook reduces giving. However, these effects are not only heterogeneous, but asymmetric by past giving behavior. Recent, frequent, and higher monetary value donors react negatively to additional asks by reducing giving, but lapsed, infrequent, and lower monetary value donors react positively by giving more. Our results highlight that findings based on purely cross-sectional experiments may offer incomplete insight. We estimate that differentially targeted ask messages based on past donation behavior, data readily available to charities, can increase donations overall by 6-11%.
The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: The role of HI kinematics and HI column density on the escape of Lyα photons in star-forming galaxies at 2 < z < 4

This work is supported by funding from the European Research Council Advanced Grant ERC–2010–AdG–268107–EARLY and by INAF Grants PRIN 2010, PRIN 2012, and PICS 2013. This work is based on data products made available at the CESAM data center, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, France. R.A. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant 695671 “QUENCH” and I.O. from the Czech Science Foundation grant 17-06217Y.
Estimation of time-varying coefficient dynamic panel data models

Abstract In this paper, we consider dynamic panel data models where the autoregressive parameter changes over time. We propose the GMM and ML estimators for this model. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation to compare the performance of these two estimators. The simulation results show that the ML estimator outperforms the GMM estimator.
A Frequency Analysis and Dual Hierarchy for Efficient Rendering of Subsurface Scattering

BSSRDFs are commonly used to model subsurface light transport in highly scattering media such as skin and marble. Rendering with BSSRDFs requires an additional spatial integration, which can be significantly more expensive than surface-only rendering with BRDFs. We introduce a novel hierarchical rendering method that can mitigate this additional spatial integration cost. Our method has two key components: a novel frequency analysis of subsurface light transport, and a dual hierarchy over shading and illumination samples. Our frequency analysis predicts the spatial and angular variation of outgoing radiance due to a BSSRDF. We use this analysis to drive adaptive spatial BSSRDF integration with sparse image and illumination samples. We propose the use of a dual-tree structure that allows us to simultaneously traverse a tree of shade points (i.e., pixels) and a tree of object-space illumination samples. Our dualtree approach generalizes existing single-tree accelerations. Both our frequency analysis and the dual-tree structure are compatible with most existing BSSRDF models, and we show that our method improves rendering times compared to the state of the art method of Jensen and Buhler.
Minimal dimension faithful linear representations of common finitely presented groups

For various finitely presented groups, including right angled Artin groups and free by cyclic groups, we investigate what is the smallest dimension of a faithful linear representation. This is done both over C and over fields of positive characteristic. In particular we show that Gersten's free by cyclic group has no faithful linear representation of dimension 4 or less over C, but has no faithful linear representation of any dimension over fields of positive characteristic.