Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Evaluation of Dosing Body Weight for Unfractionated Heparin in Obese Patients

Purpose: Using adjusted body weight (AdjBW) for heparin dosing in obese patients is a common but not validated clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether using AdjBW in obese patients would lead to quick achievement of therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and low bleeding risk with heparin therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients that received heparin before and after implementation of a revised heparin protocol that utilized AdjBW for obese patients. The primary outcome was percentage of first aPTT values within the therapeutic range. Secondary outcomes included time to first therapeutic aPTT and clinically significant bleeding. Results: There was no difference in the primary outcome in obese compared to non-obese patients in the pre-implementation group (11% vs. 15%) or post implementation group (17% vs. 21%). No difference was seen in time to first therapeutic aPTT between obese and non-obese patients in either group. However, obese patients in the post-implementation group achieved therapeutic aPTT significantly faster than obese patients in pre-implementation group (14 vs. 24 hours, p = 0.002). Clinically significant bleeding was higher in obese than non-obese patients prior to implementation (11% vs. 1%, p = 0.01), but no difference was seen after implementation. Conclusion: Although there was no difference in the first aPTT values, more bleeding was seen in obese patients when actual body weight was used for heparin dose calculation. When AdjBW was used for dosing in obese patients, it was associated with faster achievement of therapeutic aPTT.
The oligodendrocyte‐specific antibody ‘CC1’ binds Quaking 7

The mouse monoclonal antibody marketed as anti‐adenomatous polyposis coli clone CC1, often referred to as CC1, is the antibody most commonly used to specifically label mature oligodendrocytes without labeling myelin. Previous studies have shown that despite being raised against adenomatous polyposis coli, this antibody binds another unknown antigen. We show that the CC1 antibody binds Quaking 7, an RNA‐binding protein that is highly up‐regulated in myelinating oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
Outcome following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal involvement in preadolescent children: emphasis on mesial temporal sclerosis.

OBJECT The authors conducted a multiinstitutional, retrospective analysis to better define outcome and prognostic indicators for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery for suspected mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) in young children. METHODS Data were collected for all children undergoing temporal resections at four epilepsy centers over approximately 10 years. Children with a histopathological diagnosis of neoplasm were excluded. Forty-nine patients (28 boys and 21 girls) were included in the study. Their mean age at surgery was 9.1 years (range 1.25-13.9 years). The mean age at seizure onset was 3.2 years (range birth-10 years). Histopathological examination demonstrated MTS in 26 cases, gliosis in nine, dysplasia in five, gliosis with dysplasia in four, and nonspecific or normal findings in five. Forty-one anterior temporal lobectomies (nine tailored) and eight selective amygdalohippocam-pectomies were performed (28 left side, 21 right side). Twenty-nine children (59.2%) underwent invasive monitoring. Operative complications included extraaxial hematomas (two cases), cerebrospinal fluid leaks (two cases), and hydrocephalus (one case), each in children undergoing invasive monitoring. The mean duration of follow up was 26.4 months (range 5-74 months) overall and 23.9 months (range 6-74 months) for the Engel Class I subgroup. Outcomes at the most recent follow-up examination were categorized as Engel Class I-II in 31 (63.3%) of 49 children overall, 20 (76.9%) of 26 children with confirmed MTS, four (36.4%) of 11 children with gliosis, and four (57.1%) of seven children with dysplasia. All patients who underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomies had confirmed MTS and Engel Class I outcomes. Patients with more than one seizure type (p = 0.048) or moderate to severe developmental delay (p = 0.03) had significantly worse outcomes (Engel Class III or IV). Age at seizure onset, age at surgery, and duration of seizure disorder were not significantly related to outcome. There was a trend for bilateral or extratemporal findings on electroencephalography (EEG) (p = 0.157), high preoperative seizure frequency (p = 0.097), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings inconsistent with MTS (p = 0.142) to be associated with worse outcome, although it did not reach statistical significance. In only 12 (46.1%) of the 26 patients with confirmed MTS was the condition prospectively diagnosed on preoperative MR imaging. CONCLUSIONS Younger children with temporal lobe epilepsy have satisfying surgical outcomes, particularly when MTS is present. Magnetic resonance imaging may not be as sensitive in detecting MTS in children as in older patients. Negative predictors identified include multiple seizure types and preoperative developmental delay. Multifocal or bilateral EEG findings, high preoperative seizure frequency, and MR imaging findings inconsistent with MTS also independently suggested worse outcome.
The electrocardiogram of the buzzard (Buteo buteo).

ummary Using the methods previously employed for chickens and quail, electrocardiograms were recorded in five wild buzzards (Buteo buteo), after capture and confinement to a cage for three weeks. The ECG pattern showed considerable uniformity, with only two patterns of QRS complex — QS in leads I, II, III and aVF and R types in leads aVR and aVL. The ECG was very similar to those in the chicken and quail. Zusammenfassung Das EKG des Bussards Bei 5 wilden Bussarden, welche wahrend 3 Wochen nach der Gefangennahme einzeln in Kafigen gehalten wurden, um sie an die neue Umgebung und das neue Futter zu gewohnen, wurden EKG registriert. Die EKG zeigten eine relativ geringe Variabilitat und nur zwei QRS-Typen. Die Kammeranfangsschwankungen der Ableitungen I, II, III und aVF wiesen einen QS-Typ, diejenigen der Ableitungen aVR und aVL einen R-Typ auf. Die EKG zeigten eine grose Ahnlichkeit mit denen des Huhnes und der Wachtel. Resume L'ECG de la buse variable (Butec butec) On a enregistre l'ECG chez 5 busses variables sauvages qui avaient ete mises en cage isolement durant 3 semaines pour les habituer a leur nouvel environnement et a une nouvelle alimentation. Les ECG presenterent une variabilite relativement faible et seulement deux types QRS. On a obtenu un type QS dans les derivations I, II, III et a VF et une type R avec les derivations aVR et AVL. Les ECG presenterent une grande analogie avec ceux de la poule et de la caille. Resumen El ECG de la arpella (Buteo buteo) En 5 busardos salvajes, los cuales se tuvieron durante 3 semanas en jaulas individuales, contando desde su captura, para que se adaptasen a su medio ambiente nuevo y al pienso desacostumbrado, se registraron ECG. Los modelos de ECG mostraron una uniformidad considerable y solo dos tipos QRS. Las oscilaciones iniciales del ventriculo de las derivaciones I, II, III y aVF senalaban hacia un tipo QS, mientras que las de las derivaciones aVR y aVL hacia un tipo R. Los ECG presentaban una semejanza grande con los de los pollitos y de la codorniz.
DEPENDENCE OF MUTATION FREQUENCY ON RADIATION DOSE RATE IN FEMALE MICE.

The specific locus mutation rate in females is significantly higher following acute than following chronic irradiation. Since conditions in the adult mouse ovary are such that complications from secondary factors are unlikely, it can be concluded that in oocytes there is a dose-rate effect on the mutation process itself. The influence of dose ratc on the frequency of mutations following irradiation of spermatogonia, which was demonstrated earlier and which could have been due to secondary factors, is now, in the light of the oocyte results, also considered to be due to a dose-rate effect on the mutation process. The most significant features of the results, from the point of view of human hazards, are, first, that there is, at present, no evidence that females are less sensitive than males and, second, that the finding of a dependence of mutation frequency on radiation dose rate, now extended from males to females, applies to those germ cell stages that are important in human hazards. (auth)
CORRELATED RESPONSE IN SHELL AND ALBUMEN QUALITY IN LOCAL CHICKEN STRAIN SELECTED FOR INCREASING EGG MASS By

The present study was carried out during two successive generations beside base generation, to improve egg mass (EM) through selection in developed Baheij chicken strain and to study correlated response of some production traits. The results showed that: 1- Egg mass means for based generation (G0), first generation (G1) and second generation (G2) were 1741.29, 1904.52 and 2157.38g for S line and 1704.72, 1779.20 and 1856.94g for C line, respectively. 2- The direct responses for egg mass through the first 90 days of laying were 88.75 and 175.12g for G1 and G2, respectively. 3- The overall means for fertility (F), hatchability of total eggs set (HAE) and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE)% were 92.18, 82.25 and 90.36 % for S line and 90.23, 80.63 and 86.21% for C line, respectively. 4- The pullets of the G2 were significant matured earlier than those for G0 and G1 in the S line by 2.38 and 4.75 days, respectively. 5- Positive cumulative correlated responses were found with most of studied traits while they were negative for age at sexual maturity (ASM) and egg shape index ( Esh). 6- Heritability estimates for ASM, body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM),egg number (EN),egg weight ( EW), albumen height (Albh) and shell with membranes thickness ( Shth) were 0.21, 0.43, 0.27, 0.49, 0.42 and 0.16 in G2, respectively. 7- The genetic correlations between EM and each of F and HFE percentages were positive and low while the correlations were positive and moderate between EM and each of BWSM, EN, albumen weight (Albw), yolk weight ( Yw), shell weight (Shw) and Albh. In conclusion, dual purpose of improvement for EN and EW traits had been realized in this experiment through selection of EM, besides the improvement in EW was reflected on the improvement of egg quality and in turn the increase in hatchability percentage.
Microbe Hunting in Laboratory Animal Research

Abstract Recent advances in nucleic acid diagnostic technologies have revolutionized microbiology by facilitating rapid, sensitive pathogen surveillance and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases. With the expansion and dissemination of genomic sequencing technology scientists are discovering new microbes at an accelerating pace. In this article we review recent progress in the field of pathogen surveillance and discovery with a specific focus on applications in the field of laboratory animal research. We discuss the challenges in proving a causal relationship between the presence of a candidate organism and disease. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of various assay platforms and describe a staged strategy for viral diagnostics. To illustrate the complexity of pursuing pathogen discovery research, we include examples from our own work that are intended to provide insights into the process that led to the selection of particular strategies.
A zinc finger transcription factor, ZicL, is a direct activator of Brachyury in the notochord specification of Ciona intestinalis

In ascidian embryos, Brachyury is expressed exclusively in blastomeres of the notochord lineage and play an essential role in the notochord cell differentiation. The genetic cascade leading to the transcriptional activation of Brachyury in A-line notochord cells of Ciona embryos begins with maternally provided β-catenin, which is essential for endodermal cell specification. β-catenin directly activates zygotic expression of a forkhead transcription factor gene, FoxD, at the 16-cell stage, which in turn somehow activates a zinc finger transcription factor gene, ZicL, at the 32-cell stage, and then Brachyury at the 64-cell stage. One of the key questions to be answered is whether ZicL functions as a direct activator of Brachyury transcription, and this was addressed in the present study. A fusion protein was constructed in which a zinc finger domain of Ciona ZicL was connected to the C-terminus of GST. Extensive series of PCR-assisted binding site selection assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the most plausible recognition sequence of Ciona ZicL was CCCGCTGTG. We found the elements CACAGCTGG (complementary sequence: CCAGCTGTG) at -123 and CCAGCTGTG at -168 bp upstream of the putative transcription start site of Ci-Bra in a previously identified basal enhancer of this gene. In vitro binding assays indicated that the ZicL fusion protein binds to these elements efficiently. A fusion gene construct in which lacZ was fused with the upstream sequence of Ci-Bra showed the reporter gene expression exclusively in notochord cells when the construct was introduced into fertilized eggs. In contrast, fusion constructs with mutated ZicL-binding-elements failed to show the reporter expression. In addition, suppression of Ci-ZicL abolished the reporter gene expression, while ectopic and/or overexpression of Ci-ZicL resulted in ectopic reporter expression in non-notochord cells. These results provide evidence that ZicL directly activates Brachyury, leading to specification and subsequent differentiation of notochord cells.
An Empirical Assessment of a Modified Technology Acceptance Model

The technology acceptance model (TAM) is one of the most influential research models in studies of the determinants of information systems/information technology (IS/IT) acceptance. In TAM, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are hypothesized and empirically supported as fundamental determinants of user acceptance of a given IS/IT. A review of the IS and psychology literature, however, suggests that perceived usefulness can be of two distinct types: near-term usefulness and long-term usefulness. This paper reviews the concept of perceived usefulness and modifies TAM to include the two types of perceived usefulness. Data collected from nearly 285 administrative/clerical staff in a large organization were tested against the modified model using the structural equation modeling approach. The results of the study showed that, even though perceived near-term usefulness had the most significant influence on the behavioral intention to use a technology, perceived long-term usefulness also exerted a positive, though lesser, impact. No significant, direct relationship was found between ease of use and behavioral intention to use a technology. Implications of the findings and future research areas are discussed.
Propofol block of Ih contributes to the suppression of neuronal excitability and rhythmic burst firing in thalamocortical neurons

Although the depressant effects of the general anesthetic propofol on thalamocortical relay neurons clearly involve γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors, other mechanisms may be involved. The hyperpolarization‐activated cation current (Ih) regulates excitability and rhythmic firing in thalamocortical relay neurons in the ventrobasal (VB) complex of the thalamus. Here we investigated the effects of propofol on Ih‐related function in vitro and in vivo. In whole‐cell current‐clamp recordings from VB neurons in mouse (P23–35) brain slices, propofol markedly reduced the voltage sag and low‐threshold rebound excitation that are characteristic of the activation of Ih. In whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings, propofol suppressed the Ih conductance and slowed the kinetics of activation. The block of Ih by propofol was associated with decreased regularity and frequency of δ‐oscillations in VB neurons. The principal source of the Ih current in these neurons is the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) type 2 channel. In human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells expressing recombinant mouse HCN2 channels, propofol decreased Ih and slowed the rate of channel activation. We also investigated whether propofol might have persistent effects on thalamic excitability in the mouse. Three hours following an injection of propofol sufficient to produce loss‐of‐righting reflex in mice (P35), Ih was decreased, and this was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in HCN2 and HCN4 immunoreactivity in thalamocortical neurons in vivo. These results suggest that suppression of Ih may contribute to the inhibition of thalamocortical activity during propofol anesthesia. Longer‐term effects represent a novel form of propofol‐mediated regulation of Ih.
Sex Crimes

Crimes relating to sexual behaviour account for only 1 per cent of all indictable crimes but for half a century sex offenders have been the subject of a disproportionate amount of psychiatric interest and enquiry. The belief, that there is a link between specific mental malfunction and sex offending, as distinct from other forms of offending appears to have wide acceptance. In 1972 the Royal College of Psychiatrists appeared sufficiently confident of this view to ask candidates aspiring to membership of the College to “Give an account of the psychopathology of rape”. Like incest and buggery, rape is an act, a deed, an item of behaviour. To speak of the aetiology, treatment and prognosis of such acts is to misapply terminology and to confuse criminal behaviour with mental disorder. The problem is not simply one of semantic niceties for the sloppy use of medical language in this controversial area can lead jurists and policy-makers to carry expectations that lack any firm psychiatric basis. This contribution will attempt to review some legal and psychiatric aspects of the more serious crimes.
Vesicular trafficking and salinity responses in plants

Research spanning three decades has demonstrated that vesicles pinch off from the plasma membrane and traffic through the cytoplasm of plant cells, much as previously reported in animal cells. Although the well‐conserved clathrin‐mediated mechanism of endocytosis has been well characterized, relatively little is known about clathrin‐independent pathways in plants. Modulation of endocytosis by both physical stimuli and chemical ligands has been reported in plants. Here, we review the effect of salinity—one of the most deleterious environmental assaults—on endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):677–686, 2015
Predictors of Partially Met or Unmet Need Reported by Consumers of Mental Health Services: An Analysis of Data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

Objective: We examined data from the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing to identify factors associated with consumers of mental health help reporting that their needs were unmet or only partially met. Predictor factors included sociodemographic variables, psychological morbidity measures and type of health practitioner seen. Method: Five types of mental health help were considered: information, medication, psychological therapy, social interventions and skills training. A respondent's unmet need for each type of mental health help was given one of three values: 0: no unmet need reported; 1: some but not enough help of this type provided; and 2: no help of this type provided although it was needed. Multiple ordered logistic regressions were undertaken to identify predictor variables associated with reporting unmet need for each type of help. Results: Few sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with consumers reporting unmet need for mental health help. Those with less education were more likely to report unmet need for medication. Being male, living alone and being unemployed were associated with unmet need for skills training. Having seen a general practitioner for mental health reasons was found to be associated with reporting unmet need for both information and social interventions. Self-identifying, or being diagnosed, as having an anxiety disorder was associated with reporting unmet need for four of the five types of help. Conclusions: In this exploratory analysis, we examined factors associated with consumers of mental health help reporting that their needs were unmet or partially met. We found that the needs of those with anxiety problems were not generally well met. Our findings also indicate there is a need to continue to improve collaboration between the medical and community services sectors.
A transcription factor links growth rate and metabolism in the hypersaline adapted archaeon Halobacterium salinarum

Co‐ordinating metabolism and growth is a key challenge for all organisms. Despite fluctuating environments, cells must produce the same metabolic outputs to thrive. The mechanisms underlying this ‘growth homeostasis’ are known in bacteria and eukaryotes, but remain unexplored in archaea. In the model archaeon Halobacterium salinarum, the transcription factor TrmB regulates enzyme‐coding genes in diverse metabolic pathways in response to glucose. However, H. salinarum is thought not to catabolize glucose. To resolve this discrepancy, we demonstrate that TrmB regulates the gluconeogenic production of sugars incorporated into the cell surface S‐layer glycoprotein. Additionally, we show that TrmB–DNA binding correlates with instantaneous growth rate, likely because S‐layer glycosylation is proportional to growth. This suggests that TrmB transduces a growth rate signal to co‐regulated metabolic pathways including amino acid, purine, and cobalamin biosynthesis. Remarkably, the topology and function of this growth homeostatic network appear conserved across domains despite extensive alterations in protein components.
The N and C Termini of the Splice Variants of the Human Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinase Mnk2 Determine Activity and Localization

ABSTRACT The cap-binding eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E is phosphorylated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-interacting kinases (Mnk's). Three forms of the Mnk's exist in human cells: Mnk1, Mnk2a, and Mnk2b. These last two are derived from the same gene by alternative splicing and differ only at their C termini. While Mnk2a contains a MAP kinase-binding site in this region, Mnk2b lacks such a sequence and is much less readily activated by MAP kinases in vitro. Expression of Mnk2b in mammalian cells leads to increased phosphorylation of eIF4E, showing that it acts as an eIF4E kinase in vivo. While Mnk2a is cytoplasmic, a substantial amount of Mnk2b is found in the nucleus. Both enzymes contain a stretch of basic residues in their N termini that plays a role in binding to eIF4G and functions as a nuclear localization signal. Binding of eIF4G or nuclear import appears to be regulated by the C terminus of Mnk2a. Furthermore, the MAP kinase-binding site of Mnk2a regulates nuclear entry. Within the nucleus, Mnk2b and certain variants of Mnk2a that are present in the nucleus colocalize with the promyelocytic leukemia protein PML, which also binds to eIF4E.