Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fat and Sugar on Sensory Quality of Shrikhand

Shrikhand is a semi-soft, sweetish sour, whole milk product prepared from lactis fermented curd, the curd is partially strained through a muslin cloth to remove the whey and thus, produce a solid mass called chakka. This chakka is mixed with the required amount of sugar to yield Shrikhand. This is very popular in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The buffalo milk was standardized to three fat levels i.e. 4 per cent (F 1 ), 5 per cent (F 2 ) and 6 per cent (F 3 ). During the preparation of Shrikhand three levels of sugar i.e. 30 per cent (S 1 ), 40 per cent (S 2 ) and 50 per cent (S 3 ) was added and then the Shrikhand was put in plastic cups and earthen pots. The experiment was laid in CRD with three replication. The impact of all treatment individually and their interaction was studied on sensory quality of Shrikhand. The results of present investigation useful information of productive utility. Fat (6 %) resulted in providing best flavour in Shrikhand and for sugar the treatment S 2 scored the highest value. Among the various treatment combinations F 3 S 2 resulted in excellent flavour of Shrikhand. The maximum score of body and texture was recorded for fat at 6 per cent, sugar 40 per cent level. F 3 S 2 resulted in excellent body and texture score on 9 point hedonic scale. At 6 per cent fat and 40 per cent sugar levels exhibited better sweetness in Shrikhand. F 3 S 2 resulted in excellent sweetness score on 9 point hedonic scale. For overall acceptability of Shrikhand the maximum levels of fat and sugar (F 3 ×S 2 ) showed best acceptability individually irrespective of plastic cup used.
Local Structural Properties of the V3 Loop of Thailand HIV-1 Isolate

Abstract The model of locally accurate conformation for the HIV-Thailand principal neutralizing determinant (PND) located within the V3 loop of the virus envelope protein gp 120 was built in terms of NMR spectroscopy data. To this end, the NMR-based conformational analysis of synthetic molecule representing the peptide copy of the fragment under study was carried out using the published sequential d connectivity data and values of spin-spin coupling constants. As a result, (i) the local structure for the V3 loop from Thailand isolate was determined, (ii) the conformations of its irregular segments were analyzed, and the secondary structure elements identified, (iii) the ensemble of conformers matching the experimental and theoretical data was derived for the stretch forming the neutralizing epitope of the HIV-Thailand PND, (iv) to estimate the probability of realizing each of these conformers in solution, the results obtained were collated with the X-ray data for corresponding segments in synthetic molecules imitating the central region of the HIV-MN PND as well as for homologous segments 39–44 in Bence-Jonce REI protein (BJRP), 41–46 in immunoglobulin λ (Igλ), and 50–55 in β-chain of horse hemoglobin (HH), (v) to find the conserved structural motifs inside diverse HIV-1 isolates, the structure determined was compared with the one derived earlier for the HIV-MN PND from NMR spectroscopy data, (vi) on the basis of all data obtained, the 3D structure model describing the set of biologically relevant conformations, which may present different antigenic determinants to the immune system in various HIV-1 isolates, was proposed for the immunogenic crown of the V3 loop. The results obtained are discussed in conjunction with the data on the structure for the HIV-1 PND reported in literature.
The role of visual search in the design of effective soft keyboards

As portable, handheld computing devices become more common, alternatives to traditional keyboards must be explored. These alternatives must be compact, lightweight and sufficiently efficient to support the users' tasks. One alternative is the use of small physical keyboards or soft keyboards presented on touch-sensitive surfaces. Many alternative layouts have been explored, including the QWERTY, Dvorak, telephone and various alphabetic organizations. Soukoreff and MacKenzie proposed a model to predict typing times for alternative layouts, but have experienced limited success matching their predictions to observed performance. This paper proposes a revision of the visual search component of their model that considers the familiarity of the organization and the number of letters represented by each key. Results are reported of an experiment that supports the claim that both familiarity and the number of letters per key must be considered when predicting visual search times for alternative keyboard layouts.
Predicting online product sales via online reviews, sentiments, and promotion strategies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate if online reviews (e.g. valence and volume), online promotional strategies (e.g. free delivery and discounts) and sentiments from user reviews can help predict product sales. Design/methodology/approach – The authors designed a big data architecture and deployed Node.js agents for scraping the Amazon.com pages using asynchronous input/output calls. The completed web crawling and scraping data sets were then preprocessed for sentimental and neural network analysis. The neural network was employed to examine which variables in the study are important predictors of product sales. Findings – This study found that although online reviews, online promotional strategies and online sentiments can all predict product sales, some variables are more important predictors than others. The authors found that the interplay effects of these variables become more important variables than the individual variables themselves. For example, online volume interactions with .
A preliminary study of the comparative effects of olanzapine and risperidone on cognition in schizophrenia

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of olanzapine and risperidone on cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects were schizophrenic outpatients, all meeting DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and already treated with risperidone. In the experimental group (15), risperidone was changed to olanzapine to be administered for 8 weeks. Risperidone was maintained without a change in the daily dose in the control group (13). The assessment of clinical symptoms and cognitive functions in both groups was made at baseline and at 8 weeks. The experimental group relative to the control group showed significant improvement in five items such as immediate and delayed recall of verbal memory, verbal fluency, visual memory and total error of executive function. Although these data are preliminary, they could suggest the possibility of cognitive benefits from treatment with olanzapine relative to risperidone. These findings did not appear to be mediated by changes in clinical symptoms and side effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expense Neglect in Forecasting Personal Finances

This article examines how consumers forecast their future spare money, or “financial slack. ” Although consumers generally think that both their income and expenses will rise in the future, they underweight the extent to which their expected expenses will cut into their spare money, a phenomenon the authors term “expense neglect. ” The authors test and rule out several possible explanations for this phenomenon and conclude that expense neglect is due in part to insufficient attention toward expectations about future expenses relative to future income. “Tightwad” consumers, who are chronically attuned to costs, show less severe expense neglect than “spendthrifts,” who are less attuned to costs. The authors further find that expectations regarding changes in income (and not changes in expenses) predict responses to the Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment, a leading macroeconomic indicator. Finally, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of their entire file drawer (27 studies, 8,418 participants) and find that (1) across studies, participants place 2.9 times greater weight on income change than they do on expense change when forecasting changes in their financial slack, and (2) expense neglect is stronger for distant than for near-future forecasts.
Influence of dietary calcium and protein on fecal pH, consistency, and rate of passage in dairy cattle.

Sixteen Holstein heifers and 20 calves were in trials on the effect of 10 and 15% crude protein and . 3 and . 9% calcium in the diet on fecal pH and consistency and on rate of passage of the liquid phase of digesta. Time of first appearance of polyethylene glycol was an indicator of rate of passage of the liquid phase in the lower tract of the animal. Respective fecal pH and standard errors for heifers and calves increased from 5.79 +/- . 03 and 5.78 +/- . 03 on low calcium diets to 6.24 +/- . 03 and 6.33 +/- . 03 on high calcium diets. High protein diets increased fecal pH from 5.89 +/- . 03 and 5.97 +/- . 03 to 6.13 +/- . 03 and 6.14 +/- . 03 for heifers and calves. Effects of calcium and protein were additive. Neither dietary protein nor calcium affected consistency of feces or first appearance of polyethylene glycol in feces. Mean first appearances of PEG in feces were 683 +/- 13 min for heifers and 528 +/- 18 min for calves. Small correlations between fecal pH and fecal consistency and between fecal pH and first appearance of polyethylene glycol in feces indicate little or no relationship of fecal pH to these two variables. From variance in the heifer trial, 10 fecal samples are required to estimate fecal pH within +/-. 16 pH units with 95% confidence.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection facilitates acute colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals and patients ventilated mechanically and is the major pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis, in which it causes chronic infections. Epidemiological, in vitro and animal data suggest a role for respiratory virus infections in facilitating colonization and infection with P. aeruginosa. A study was undertaken to determine whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection could facilitate the initiation of an acute infection with P. aeruginosa in vivo. Balb/c mice were infected intranasally with P. aeruginosa, with and without simultaneous inoculation with RSV. Lung function measurements were undertaken using Whole Body Plethysmography and lungs were harvested 24 hr after inoculation. Mice exposed to RSV and P. aeruginosa showed 2,000 times higher colony‐forming units (CFU) counts of P. aeruginosa in the lung homogenates when compared to mice which were only infected with P. aeruginosa and lung function changes were more severe in co‐infected mice. Control mice receiving RSV alone showed no significant changes in lung function or cytokine production, and no inflammatory changes in the lung parenchyma. These results suggest that RSV can facilitate the initiation of acute P. aeruginosa infection without the RSV infection being clinically apparent. This could have implications for treatment strategies to prevent opportunistic P. aeruginosa lung infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:2096–2103, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Healthcare costs of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile infections in Veterans: role of vitamin D deficiency

SUMMARY Clostridium difficile and staphylococcal infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Vitamin D deficiency may also contribute to increased healthcare costs. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D may have an antimicrobial role. We examined the relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels to staphylococcal and C. difficile infections to determine if vitamin D deficiency was associated with adverse outcomes. In the outpatient setting, vitamin D deficiency in patients with C. difficile and staphylococcal infections were associated with significantly increased total outpatients costs and fee-based consultation. Laboratory expenses had a trend towards higher costs in the vitamin D-deficient group but did not reach statistical significance. The differences were most clearly seen in the in-patient group with enhanced laboratory, pharmacy and radiology costs. These differences resulted in vitamin D-deficient patients with C. difficile or staphylococcal infections having costs more than five times higher than the non-deficient patients. The total length of hospital stay was four times greater in the vitamin D-deficient group. In addition, the total number of hospitalizations was also significantly greater in the vitamin D-deficient group. Surgery costs demonstrated a tendency to be higher in the vitamin D-deficient group but failed to reach statistical significance. Vitamin D deficiency is intimately linked to adverse health outcomes and costs in Veterans with staphylococcal and C. difficile infections in North East Tennessee. We recommend that vitamin D status be checked in patients with these infections and appropriate therapy be instituted to restore vitamin D level to normal in an expeditious manner.
Ownership Structure, Control Type Classifications and the Performance of Large British Companies

Ownership structure among 470 U.K. listed companies is described by concentration indices and by "control type," the latter defined using both a fixed percentage shareholding and the "degree of control. " The authors also test for possible controlling coalitions among groups of shareholders. Control-type effects on performance are tested using reduced-form equations for valuation ratio, profit margin, return on capital, growth rates, and directors' pay. There is no clear evidence to support managerial theories. Ownership structure is analyzed with the results that greater size and capital cost (beta) imply greater shareholding dispersion. A probit model of control type gives weak results. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
Cigarette Smoking: Stimulatory Effect on Metabolism of 3,4-Benzpyrene by Enzymes in Human Placenta

The enzymatic hydroxylation of 3,4-benzpyrene was not detected in human placentas obtained after childbirth from nonsmokers, whereas this enzyme activity was present in placentas obtained from individuals who smoked cigarettes. The degree of induction of benzpyrene hydroxylase caused by cigarette smoking varied in different individuals. Treatment of pregnant rats with benzpyrene increased the activity of this hydroxylase in the placenta.
Latching dynamics in neural networks with synaptic depression

Prediction is the ability of the brain to quickly activate a target concept in response to a related stimulus (prime). Experiments point to the existence of an overlap between the populations of the neurons coding for different stimuli, and other experiments show that prime-target relations arise in the process of long term memory formation. The classical modelling paradigm is that long term memories correspond to stable steady states of a Hopfield network with Hebbian connectivity. Experiments show that short term synaptic depression plays an important role in the processing of memories. This leads naturally to a computational model of priming, called latching dynamics; a stable state (prime) can become unstable and the system may converge to another transiently stable steady state (target). Hopfield network models of latching dynamics have been studied by means of numerical simulation, however the conditions for the existence of this dynamics have not been elucidated. In this work we use a combination of analytic and numerical approaches to confirm that latching dynamics can exist in the context of a symmetric Hebbian learning rule, however lacks robustness and imposes a number of biologically unrealistic restrictions on the model. In particular our work shows that the symmetry of the Hebbian rule is not an obstruction to the existence of latching dynamics, however fine tuning of the parameters of the model is needed.
On the Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Responses of In-Line Metal Detectors to Metal Contaminants

This paper considers a dipole solution to the low-frequency electromagnetic responses of a typical in-line metal detector to metal contaminants. This solution is determined by the characteristics of metal targets and incident magnetic fields, which are treated separately as two independent factors. For the metal targets, the responses of sphere and wire samples are determined. The electromagnetic polarizability matrix of a metal sphere is directly computed from a spherical response function. The electromagnetic polarizability tensor of metal wire is derived from a measured eigenvalue matrix and a rotation matrix. The approximated responses of sphere and wire samples from the proposed solutions agree well with the measured responses from in-line metal detectors. In theory, the approximation method on metal wire samples is also applicable to the metal contaminants of other shapes.
Innovative State: How New Technologies Can Transform Government

Over the last twenty years, our economy and our society, from how we shop and pay our bills to how we communicate, have been completely revolutionized by technology. As Aneesh Chopra shows in Innovative State, once it became clear how much this would change America, a movement arose around the idea that these same technologies could reshape and improve government. But the idea languished, and while the private sector innovated, our government stalled, trapped in a model designed for the America of the 1930s and 1960s.The election of Barack Obama offered a new opportunity. In 2009, Aneesh Chopra was named the first Chief Technology Officer of the United States federal government. Previously the Secretary of Technology for Virginia and managing director for a health care think tank, Chopra was tasked with leading the administrations initiatives for a more open, tech-savvy government.Inspired by private sector trailblazers, Chopra wrote the playbook for governmental open innovation. In Innovative State he offers an absorbing look at how open government can establish a new paradigm for the internet era and allow us to tackle our most challenging problems, from economic development to affordable health care.
On Spatial Frequencies and Cerebral Hemispheres: Some Remarks from the Electrophysiological and Neuropsychological Points of View

The spatial frequency hypothesis on hemispheric specialization gave rise to contradictory experimental results, commented on in Brain and Cognition by Christman (1989) and Peterzell (1991). The question is discussed through a review of the electrophysiological and neuropsychological research on hemispheric asymmetry of spatial frequency processing. The general hypothesis of the hemispheric specialization for this basic visual information appears to be supported by recent works on evoked potentials by gratings and checkerboards. However, an interaction between the cerebral hemisphere, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency was found more than a sharp dichotomy between low (right hemisphere) and high spatial frequencies (left hemisphere), as indeed it was proposed by the spatial frequency hypothesis. Other relevant physical parameters in generating the hemispheric asymmetry were found to be the contrast and the visual field size. The neuropsychological research on brain-injured patients has given some further evidence of the hemispheric asymmetry in spatial frequency processing. In conclusion, it is argued that the major merit of the spatial frequency hypothesis was in the attempt to investigate the hemispheric specialization of lower and higher levels of visual information processing from the perspective of a unified computational conception of visual perception.
The invasion protein InlB from Listeria monocytogenes activates PLC‐γ1 downstream from PI 3‐kinase

Entry of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes into non‐phagocytic mammalian cells is mainly mediated by the InlB protein. Here we show that in the human epithelial cell line HEp‐2, the invasion protein InlB activates sequentially a p85β‐p110 class IA PI 3‐kinase and the phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLC‐γ1) without detectable tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC‐γ1. Purified InlB stimulates association of PLC‐γ1 with one or more tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins, followed by a transient increase in intracellular inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) levels and a release of intracellular Ca2+ in a PI 3‐kinase‐dependent manner. Infection of HEp‐2 cells with wild‐type L. monocytogenes bacteria also induces association of PLC‐γ1 with phosphotyrosyl proteins. This interaction is undetectable upon infection with a ΔinlB mutant revealing an InlB specific signal. Interestingly, pharmacological or genetic inactivation of PLC‐γ1 does not significantly affect InlB‐mediated bacterial uptake, suggesting that InlB‐mediated PLC‐γ1 activation and calcium mobilization are involved in post‐internalization steps.
Management of sinonasal complications after endoscopic orbital decompression for Graves' orbitopathy

Endoscopic orbital decompression (EnOD) has proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy; however, complications do occur. Although the literature focuses on orbital complications, sinonasal complications including postobstructive sinusitis, hemorrhage, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak can also be challenging to manage. This study examines the incidence and management of sinonasal complications in these patients.
What is the existing evidence supporting the efficacy of compression bandage systems containing both elastic and inelastic components (mixed‐component systems)? A systematic review

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyse current evidence on the efficacy of bandage systems containing both elastic and inelastic components (mixed-component systems). BACKGROUND International consensus on the efficacy of types of compression systems is difficult to achieve; however, mixed-component systems are being promoted as combining the best properties of both elastic and inelastic bandage systems and increasingly being used to treat venous leg ulcers in practice. DESIGN A systematic literature review. METHODS Search terms such as venous leg ulcer, varicose ulcer, leg ulcer, compression, bandage, elastic, inelastic, short stretch, healing rate, interface pressure, mixed component, two-layer, four-layer and multi-layer were used in database and hand searches in several combinations. Limits were set for years 2005-March 2015 and English-language publications. RESULTS A total of 475 studies were identified at initial search, and following elimination from abstract and title, this was reduced to 7. A further study was identified on Google Scholar, bringing the final number of studies fitting inclusion criteria to 8. The following subgroups relating to outcomes of efficacy were identified: ulcer healing, maintenance of interface pressure, slippage, ease of application and patient quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Mixed-component systems were found to have comparable ulcer healing rates to alternative compression systems and be easy to apply; have similar abilities to maintain pressure as four-layer bandages and better abilities than short-stretch bandages; have less slippage than alternative systems; and to be significantly associated with several favourable quality of life outcomes. Clinician skill in bandage application was an uncontrolled variable in all eight papers included in the review, which may limit reliability of findings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This review synthesises existing evidence on the efficacy of mixed-component systems and encourages clinicians to regard them as an effective alternative to purely elastic or inelastic compression systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of clinician skill in bandage application as a crucial determinant of effective compression.