Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Disparities in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pennsylvania

Background:It has been shown that women are at greater risk than men of not receiving screening and treatment services for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this research was to determine whether there were gender disparities in the use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Pennsylvania in 2000 and, if so, whether outcomes were affected. Methods:Data included 10,170 patients treated with PCI and 21,181 patients medically managed in Pennsylvania hospitals. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to estimate the impact of gender on PCI. In addition, we performed retrospective matching on propensity scores to compare outcomes for women who were treated with PCI to comparable groups of women and men. Results:After controlling for age, race/ethnicity, severity at admission, location of infarct, and source of admission, women had 24% lower odds than men of receiving PCI (P < 0.0001). In a propensity score-matched sample of 3023 women who received PCI and 3023 women who did not, women who received PCI were significantly less likely to die (2.3% vs. 10.4%, P < 0.0001). In a second propensity score-matched sample of 3329 women and 3329 similar men who received PCI, the difference in mortality was not statistically significant (1.59% vs. 1.92%, P = 0.39). Conclusions:These results suggest that the morbidity and mortality associated with AMI in women could be reduced by increased use of PCI and that more women admitted for AMI should receive consideration for PCI.
Bandwidth determines modulatory effects of centrifugal pathways on cochlear hearing desensitization caused by loud sound

Centrifugal olivocochlear (OC) pathways modulate cochlear hearing losses induced in cats by loud sounds varying in bandwidth from tones to clicks and noise bands, in a variety of conditions. The general effect, always to reduce hearing damage, can be a net effect resulting from complex interactions between OC subcomponents (crossed and uncrossed OC pathways). The interactions between these subcomponents vary with type of loud sound, suggesting that sound bandwidth may be important in determining how OC pathways modulate loud sound‐induced hearing loss. This dependency was examined and here it is reported that OC pathways do not alter cochlear hearing losses caused by loud noise with a 2‐kHz‐wide bandwidth intermediate between the loud sounds of previous studies. Increasing stimulus bandwidth even slightly more, to use a loud 3.5‐kHz‐wide bandwidth noise as the damaging sound, once again revealed OC modulation of cochlear hearing loss. The fact that OC pathways do not modulate cochlear hearing losses induced by loud 2‐kHz‐wide noise was demonstrated in three very different test conditions in which OC pathways modulate hearing losses caused by narrower or broader bandwidth sounds. This confirmed that the absence of centrifugal modulation of hearing loss to this particular sound was a robust phenomenon not related to test condition. The absence of overall centrifugal effects was also true at the level of subcomponent pathways; neither crossed nor uncrossed OC pathways individually modulated cochlear hearing losses to the loud 2‐kHz‐wide noise. This surprising frequency dependency has general implications for centrifugal modulation of cochlear responses.
Factors associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Coping Styles in Parents of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Introduction: Birth of a premature infant and subsequent neonatal intensive care leads to psychological distress and trauma in parents. A large proportion of mothers show signs of trauma long after discharge from hospital. Fathers of premature infants are known to experience more stress than fathers of full-term infants. The sorrow experienced by parents of preterm infants is significantly higher than that experienced by parents of full-term infants because they have not been adequately prepared for the experience of birth, and need to cope with the stress caused by the clinical state and intensive care of the infant. Method: This was a descriptive-comparative study conducted in medical centers of Qom, Iran in 2012. In this study, 82 couples (164 mothers and fathers), participated in two groups as parents of preterm and full-term infants and completed demographic, midwifery, posttraumatic stress disorder, Spielberg anxiety questionnaires, and the Coping Inventory with Stressful Situation within 2 months after birth of their infant. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney, independent t tests, logistic regression, and Repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS-18 software. Results: Posttraumatic stress disorder in preterm group mothers was significantly higher than in term group mothers (P=0.03), but no significant difference in this disorder was observed between fathers in these groups. There was a significant difference in coping styles with stress between mothers in the two groups (P<0.001) and between fathers in the two groups (P<0.001). Logistic model showed a significant correlation between posttraumatic stress and housing and coping strategies with stress in mothers. Conclusion: Parents of premature infants are more exposed to psychological disorders, and there is a need to adopt educational approaches to improve parents’ coping ability with preterm infant’s circumstance.
Diagnostic Accuracy of FISH and RT-PCR in 50 Routinely Processed Synovial Sarcomas

BackgroundMolecular detection of SYT-SSX fusion genes is the most reliable tool for diagnosing synovial sarcoma (SS). The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a commercially available fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. Patients and MethodsFifty tumors with typical SS histology and 12 histologic mimics of SS were included. RT-PCR for SYT-SSX1/SSX2 gene fusions and FISH analysis for SYT gene breaks were performed on these 62 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumors. ResultsAll 50 SS were positive by either RT-PCR or FISH. Forty-seven SS (94%) were true positive by RT-PCR and 41 SS (82%) were true positive by FISH. FISH and RT-PCR results were interpretable and concordant in 38 cases (76%). Two cases were not interpretable by RT-PCR and 6 cases were not interpretable by FISH. One SS was false-negative with RT-PCR and 3 SS were false-negative with FISH. RT-PCR and FISH had a sensitivity of 94% and 82%, a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% and 100% and a negative predictive value of 80% and 75%, respectively. ConclusionsRT-PCR had a higher sensitivity than FISH. One of both methods was always positive, whereas both methods were concordant in 76% of cases. From an economic point of view, we advocate to use FISH as a method of first choice, because it allows microscopic control of a true positive result (unpaired fluorescent signals in a break apart assay). Using this approach, 80% of SS can be diagnosed by FISH only and 20% would need to be confirmed by RT-PCR.
Clinco-Pathological Patterns in Women with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

Background: The term dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) refers to any abnormal bleeding from the uterus, unassociated with tumour, inflammation and pregnancy. The histological diagnosis of DUB is very essential for adequate management especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females. The present study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating DUB in various age groups, carry out histopathological study of the endometrium and analyze its clinic-pathological patterns. Methods: The study included 500 cases of atypical uterine bleeding, out of which 120 cases of DUB were included based on clinical features and detailed investigations. Study was conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, between March 2003 to December 2004 Endometrial tissue was collected by D&C procedure and the samples were sent for histopathological evaluation by pathologist. Result: Hyperplasia was the commonest endometrial pathology (20.5%) followed by luteal phase insufficiency (15.6%) and secretory endometrium (13.7%). Endometritis including tubercular endometritis (12.7%), post abortal (5.8%), proliferative (6.8%), polyp (3.9%), atrophic (3.9%), exogenous hormone changes (2.9%) and anovulatory cycles (6.8%) made up for the remaining lesions. Conclusion: DUB occurs secondary to a wide variety of functional and structural abnormalities, warranting a thorough evaluation especially in perimenoupausal females. Menorrhagia is a common symptom and the most likely etiology relates to the patient’s age. Significant number of endometrial samples revealed pathology rendering endometrial curetting and biopsy an important procedure. Cervical cytology is a valuable adjunct however histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosis.
A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome.

BACKGROUND Treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome with a four-day course of intravenous gamma globulin, together with aspirin, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing coronary-artery lesions and reducing systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that therapy with a single, very high dose of gamma globulin would be at least as effective as the standard regimen. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving 549 children with acute Kawasaki syndrome. The children were assigned to receive gamma globulin either as a single infusion of 2 g per kilogram of body weight over 10 hours or as daily infusions of 400 mg per kilogram for four consecutive days. Both treatment groups received aspirin (100 mg per kilogram per day through the 14th day of illness, then 3 to 5 mg per kilogram per day). RESULTS The relative prevalence of coronary abnormalities, adjusted for age and sex, among patients treated with the four-day regimen, as compared with those treated with the single-infusion regimen, was 1.94 (95 percent confidence limits, 1.01 and 3.71) two weeks after enrollment and 1.84 (95 percent confidence limits, 0.89 and 3.82) seven weeks after enrollment. Children treated with the single-infusion regimen had lower mean temperatures while hospitalized (day 2, P less than 0.001; day 3, P = 0.004), as well as a shorter mean duration of fever (P = 0.028). Furthermore, in the single-infusion group the laboratory indexes of acute inflammation moved more rapidly toward normal, including the adjusted serum albumin level (P = 0.004), alpha 1-antitrypsin level (P = 0.007), and C-reactive protein level (P = 0.017). Lower IgG levels on day 4 were associated with a higher prevalence of coronary lesions (P = 0.005) and with a greater degree of systemic inflammation. The two groups had a similar incidence of adverse effects (including new or worsening congestive heart failure in nine children), which occurred in 2.7 percent of the children overall. All the adverse effects were transient. CONCLUSIONS In children with acute Kawasaki disease, a single large dose of intravenous gamma globulin is more effective than the conventional regimen of four smaller daily doses and is equally safe.
Bioinformatics Approach Reveals Systematic Mechanism Underlying Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background The purpose of this work was to explore the systematic molecular mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma and gain a deeper insight into it. Methods Comprehensive bioinformatics methods were applied. Initially, significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed from the Affymetrix microarray data (GSE27262) deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using online Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery (DAVID) software. Finally, significant pathway crosstalk was investigated based on the information derived from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Results According to our results, the N-terminal globular domain of the type X collagen (COL10A1) gene and transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) gene were identified to be the most significant DEGs in tumor tissue compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The main GO categories were biological process, cellular component and molecular function. In addition, the crosstalk was significantly different between non-small cell lung cancer pathways and inositol phosphate metabolism pathway, focal adhesion signal pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction signal pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway in tumor. Conclusions Dysfunctional genes and pathways may play key roles in the progression and development of lung adenocarcinoma. Our data provide a systematic perspective for understanding this mechanism and may be helpful in discovering an effective treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.
New treatments for infant colic

Purpose of review Infantile colic is a common problem within the first 3 months of life and causes considerable distress for parents and paediatricians. Despite 40 years of research, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood and treatment remains an open issue. This review will describe recent studies that have examined different kinds of interventions. Recent findings Important advances in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of infantile colic have been recently proposed and opened new perspectives in its management. The composition of intestinal microbiota, specially an inadequate amount of lactobacilli and an increased concentration of coliforms, might influence the pathogenesis of infantile colic. The benefit of supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri has been recently reported and experimental data showed the effect of probiotics may be related to the influence on gut motility and pain perception. Summary Infantile colic is a clinical entity with a wide range of clinical presentations and outcome. Firstly, paediatricians have to exclude other underlying diseases with a medical examination and prevent feeding disorders. Then, considering the favourable clinical course of the disturbance, well tolerated strategies should be adopted. The findings highlighted in this review may promote the implementation of new researches and treatments to reduce abdominal pain related to infantile colic.
Breastfeeding-Associated Hypernatremia

There are increasing reports on hypernatremia, a potentially devastating condition, in exclusively breastfed newborn infants. Our purposes were to describe the clinical features of the condition and identify the risk factors for it. We performed a review of the existing literature in the National Library of Medicine database and in the search engine Google Scholar. A total of 115 reports were included in the final analysis. Breastfeeding-associated neonatal hypernatremia was recognized in infants who were ≤ 21 days of age and had ≥ 10% weight loss of birth weight. Cesarean delivery, primiparity, breast anomalies or breastfeeding problems, excessive prepregnancy maternal weight, delayed first breastfeeding, lack of previous breastfeeding experience, and low maternal education level were significantly associated with breastfeeding-associated hypernatremia. In addition to excessive weight loss (≥ 10%), the following clinical findings were observed: poor feeding, poor hydration state, jaundice, excessive body temperature, irritability or lethargy, decreased urine output, and epileptic seizures. In conclusion, the present survey of the literature identifies the following risk factors for breastfeeding-associated neonatal hypernatremia: cesarean delivery, primiparity, breastfeeding problems, excessive maternal body weight, delayed breastfeeding, lack of previous breastfeeding experience, and low maternal education level.
Effect of sphingosine kinase modulators on interleukin‐1β release, sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 1 expression and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The sphingosine analogue, FTY720 (GilenyaR), alleviates clinical disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Here, we variously assessed the effects of an azide analogue of (S)‐FTY720 vinylphosphonate (compound 5; a sphingosine kinase 1 activator), (R)‐FTY720 methyl ether (ROMe, a sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor) and RB‐020 (a sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor and sphingosine kinase 2 substrate) on IL‐1β formation, sphingosine 1‐phosphate levels and expression of S1P1 receptors. We also assessed the effect of compound 5 and ROMe in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in mice.
Adipocyte Differentiation, Mitochondrial Gene Expression and Fat Distribution: Differences between Zidovudine and Tenofovir after 6 Months

Background Abnormal lipid metabolism and cell oxidative mechanisms are reported in patients on antiretroviral treatment. We compared the expression of several key adipocyte genes in HIV-infected patients randomized to antiretroviral regimens containing zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Methods Subcutaneous fat was sampled from 32 HIV-positive treatment-naive patients before and 6 months after randomization to AZT/lamivudine/efavirenz (n=15) or TDF/emtricitabine/efavirenz (n=17) plus 15 HIV-negative matched controls. Expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and glucocorticoid generation were pro-filed using real-time PCR. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity were assessed. Results Before treatment, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression was down-regulated compared with controls. Following 6 months treatment with AZT, there was a significant increase in visceral adipose tissue (VAT; P=0.02) and the ratio of VAT to subcutaneous adipose tissue (P=0.008), down-regulation of cytochrome B (P=0.003) and cytochrome oxidase (COX)-3 gene expression (P=0.03), up-regulation of NADH dehydrogenase (P=0.008) and nuclear-encoded COX-4 (complex IV) gene expression (P=0.012). Genes involved with adipocyte cortisol generation, fatty acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were up-regulated. In the TDF-treated patients, there was no significant change in regional body fat or mitochondrial genes compared with pretreatment values. Changes in the expression of genes involved with cortisol and fatty acid metabolism were less marked with TDF. Conclusions Interference with the mitochondrial electron transport chain appears to occur early in an AZT- containing regimen and occurs at a time when there is increased visceral fat and up-regulation of genes involved with adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid flux.
Etude du ligand TRAIL et ses récepteurs dans la prostate normale et pathologique reliée au statut hormonal

L'hormonotherapie permet une regression du cancer de la prostate metastatique par apoptose des cellules tumorales. L'evolution ineluctable de la maladie vers un stade hormono-independant et apoptose-resistant souligne l'importance de l'etude des genes androgeno-sensibles impliques dans l'apoptose de la prostate normale et pathologique, tels que le ligand TRAIL et ses recepteurs DR4 et DR5 pro et, DcR1 et DcR2 anti-apoptotiques. Nous rapportons une correlation entre la regulation du recepteur DcR2, le statut hormonal et l'apoptose dans la prostate de rat et dans la lignee humaine hormonosensible de cancer prostatique, LNCaP. Nous montrons que l'expression de DcR2 joue un role regulateur de l'apoptose TRAIL-induite dans la cellule LNCaP. Enfin, dans un modele de cancer prostatique humain hormonosensible greffe chez la souris nude traitee par un anti-androgene nous montrons l'expression des recepteurs au TRAIL, et de certains genes renseignant sur la relation entre croissance tumorale et statut hormonal.
Effects of a three-year exercise program on motor function and cognitive processing speed in older women.

This study evaluated the effects of a three-year exercise program on motor performance and cognitive processing speed of previously sedentary older women, ages 57-85. Variables tested were simple and choice reaction time (CRT), balance, sit and reach flexibility, shoulder flexibility, and grip strength. Subjects participated three times a week in exercise performance classes designed to meet American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Results indicate that performance was significantly improved on all measures during the course of the study (p less than .01) except for the sit and reach test (SRT), where significance was approached (p less than .027), but not reached. A comparison of the exercise subjects with a comparable group of nonexercising control subjects revealed significant interactions between treatment and time on all variables except CRT and grip strength. Pretest to posttest scores of the exercise subjects tended to improve over the three-year period, whereas the scores of the control subjects declined. Improved reaction time indicated exercise is effective in reversing or at least slowing ceratin age-related declines in motor performance and in speed of cognitive processing.
CIDP – the relevance of recent advances in Schwann cell/axonal neurobiology

Early pathological studies in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, and the animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) showed similarities in the process of demyelination. These studies focused on compact myelin proteins and peptides as targets of immune attack in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and EAN. However, serological studies in patients with subsets of GBS highlighted the importance of gangliosides – glycolipids enriched in non‐compact Schwann cell regions and the node, paranodal, and internodal axolemma. In the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) rabbit model, antibodies to the ganglioside GM1 bind in the nodal region, impair Na channel clustering and disturb Schwann cell/axon organisation. Schwann cell neurobiological studies now highlight the importance of adhesion molecules, including neurofascins, gliomedin, contactins, and NrCAM to Schwann cell/axon integrity. Changes to nodal fine structure by immune responses against such molecules may provide a mechanism for reversible conduction failure or block. Recovery of patients with CIDP or multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) following treatment may sometimes be better explained by reversal of conduction failure than remyelination or regeneration. This review considers the importance of the intricate molecular arrangements at the nodal and paranodal regions in inflammatory neuropathies such as CIDP. Early images of compact myelin stripping and phagocytosis, may have diverted the research focus away from these vital non‐compact myelin Schwann cell areas.
Deriving a "Phase Response Curve" from Adjustment to Simulated Time Zone Transitions

Thirty-eight subjects in groups of two to four have been subjected to simulated time zone transitions of 8 hr eastward, 8 hr westward, or 12 hr; all experiments have taken place in a temporal isolation unit, in which the light intensity during the waking periods was 250-300 lux. Circadian rhythms of rectal temperature have been used as a marker of the process of adjustment, the data being analyzed before (raw) and after "purification. " Conventional results have been obtained, but when the data have been treated appropriately, they have produced a relationship between shift of the sleep-activity cycle and shift of the temperature rhythms that shows many characteristics of a phase response curve. Even though the factor or factors causing such adjustment are unknown, the results confirm that changes of a consonant set of "weak" zeitgebers is sufficient for entrainment to a new time zone to occur.