Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accelerating retreat and high-elevation thinning of glaciers in central Spitsbergen

Abstract. Svalbard is a heavily glacier-covered archipelago in the Arctic. Dickson Land (DL), in the central part of the largest island, Spitsbergen, is relatively arid and, as a result, glaciers there are relatively small and restricted mostly to valleys and cirques. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of glacier changes in DL based on inventories compiled from topographic maps and digital elevation models for the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum, the 1960s, 1990, and 2009/2011. Total glacier area has decreased by ∼ 38 % since the LIA maximum, and front retreat increased over the study period. Recently, most of the local glaciers have been consistently thinning in all elevation bands, in contrast to larger Svalbard ice masses which remain closer to balance. The mean 1990–2009/2011 geodetic mass balance of glaciers in DL is among the most negative from the Svalbard regional means known from the literature.
The impact of relative performance feedback on beliefs and preferences across dissimilar tasks

Employees typically work on multiple tasks that require unrelated skills and abilities. While past research strongly supports that feedback influences beliefs and preferences for comparative pay within same tasks, little is known about effects of feedback across different tasks. In a novel laboratory experiment using two unrelated real effort tasks, we find that feedback of relative performance in the first task significantly affects valuations of (i.e. revealed preferences for) comparative pay in the second task. Further analysis suggests that a taste-based mechanism and a belief-based mechanism play independent roles in explaining the observed feedback effects. We also find that relative performance feedback on average increases females’ valuations of comparative pay compared to when such feedback is absent. The results have important implications for organizations to understand both the powers and the limitations of using relative performance feedback as intervention policies.
Glacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventories

In this study, we assess glacier area and length changes in mainland Norway from repeat Landsat TM/ETM+-derived inventories and digitized topographic maps. The multi-temporal glacier inventory consists of glacier outlines from three time ranges: 1947 to 1985 (GI n50 ), 1988 to 1997 (GI 1990 ), and 1999 to 2006 (GI 2000 ). For the northernmost regions, we include an additional inventory (GI 1900 ) based on historic maps surveyed between 1895 and 1907. Area and length changes are assessed per glacier unit, 36 subregions, and for three main parts of Norway: southern, central, and northern. The results show a decrease in the glacierized area from 2994 km 2 in GI n50 to 2668 km 2 in GI 2000 (total 2722 glacier units), corresponding to an area reduction of −326 km 2 , or −11% of the initial GI n50 area. The average length change for the full epoch (within GI n50 and GI 2000 ) is −240 m. Overall, the comparison reveals both area and length reductions as general patterns, even though some glaciers have advanced. The three northernmost subregions show the highest retreat rates, whereas the central part of Norway shows the lowest change rates. Glacier area and length changes indicate that glaciers in maritime areas in southern Norway have retreated more than glaciers in the interior, and glaciers in the north have retreated more than southern glaciers. These observed spatial trends in glacier change are related to a combination of several factors such as glacier geometry, elevation, and continentality, especially in southern Norway.
Characterization and Corrosion Behaviour of Selected Duplex Stainless Steels in Acidic and Acidic-Chloride Solution

The 2101, 2205 and 2507 are duplex stainless steels. They have two phases: austenite and ferrite. The metallurgical characterization was performed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with EDX and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The corrosion behaviour was evaluated by potentiodynamic tests. The corrosion tests were conducted with the aid of potentiostat. The SEM and XRD revealed phases of austenite and ferrite without any intermetallic phase. The elemental analysis of the phases showed that the elements partitioned more into the phases that they promoted. The corrosion resistance of 2507 was higher than 2205 and 2101 as it may be seen on the polarization curves. Comparing the two media, the following relation to their corrosion resistance: 2507 > 2205 > 2101 was established.
THE NUCLEUS OF COMET 10P/TEMPEL 2 IN 2013 AND CONSEQUENCES REGARDING ITS ROTATIONAL STATE: EARLY SCIENCE FROM THE DISCOVERY CHANNEL TELESCOPE

We present new lightcurve measurements of Comet 10P/Tempel 2 carried out with Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope in early 2013 when the comet was at aphelion. These data represent some of the first science obtained with this new 4.3 m facility. With Tempel 2 having been observed to exhibit a small but ongoing spin-down in its rotation period for over two decades, our primary goals at this time were two-fold. First, to determine its current rotation period and compare it to that measured shortly after its most recent perihelion passage in 2010, and second, to disentangle the spin-down from synodic effects due to the solar day and Earth's orbital motion and to determine the sense of rotation, i.e., prograde or retrograde. At our midpoint of 2013 February 24, the observed synodic period is 8.948 ± 0.001 hr, exactly matching the predicted prograde rotation solution based on 2010 results, and yields a sidereal period of the identical value due to the solar and Earth synodic components just canceling out during the interval of the 2013 observations. The retrograde solution is ruled out because the associated sidereal periods in 2010 and 2013 are quite different even though we know that extremely little outgassing, needed to produce torques, occurred in this interval. With a definitive sense of rotation, the specific amounts of spin-down to the sidereal period could be assessed. The nominal values imply that the rate of spin-down has decreased over time, consistent with the secular drop in water production since 1988. Our data also exhibited an unexpectedly small lightcurve amplitude which appears to be associated with viewing from a large, negative sub-Earth latitude, and a lightcurve shape deviating from a simple sinusoid implying a highly irregularly shaped nucleus.
The role of finger gnosis in the development of early number skills

The role of fingers in the development of early number skills has often been the focus of discussion in mathematics education, psychology and neuroscience. This study describes the findings of a longitudinal exploration of the mathematical development of children with Apert syndrome. Children with Apert syndrome are born with their fingers fused and even after surgery to separate them, do not often use their fingers spontaneously in activities involving number. Through observations over a 2 year period, the role of fingers in supporting learning and activities in numerical aspects of mathematics was seen to be complex and requiring good finger awareness and finger mobility. The findings suggest a possible explanation for the observation that some children who are low-attaining in mathematics are over-dependent on finger-use.
Dynamical analysis of a demand governed market

We use a modified Rosenzweig-Mac Arthur ODE system in order to model a market in which innovative products are launched according to a growth function influenced by both producers and consumers. Interesting properties of the related dynamics, such as the uniqueness of a limit cycle, can easily be proved. M.S.C. 2000: 34C05, 34C07, 91B42.
Quasi-two-dimensional acoustic metamaterial with negative bulk modulus

This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN under Contracts No. TEC2010-19751 and No. CSD2008-0066 (CONSOLIDER program), and by the USA Office of Naval Research. We acknowledge the technical help by A. Diaz-Rubio and A. Climente. J.S. -D. acknowledges useful discussions with A. Broatch and A. Krokhin. D.T. acknowledges the postdoctoral grant provided by the UPV under the program Campus de excelencia internacional.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF EMBEDDED FOUNDATION-SOIL SYSTEMS

DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN FOUNDATION AND UNDERLYING SOILS IS DISCUSSED WITH A VIEW TO IDEALIZATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE THEORIES, WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE EFFECT OF EMBEDMENT ON THE INTERACTION. AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION TO STUDY THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF EMBEDDED FOUNDATION-SOIL SYSTEMS IS DESCRIBED. BASED ON SMALL-SCALE MODEL TESTS ON FOOTINGS OF VARIOUS SIZES AND SHAPES, EVALUATION IS MADE OF THE EFFECT OF EMBEDMENT DEPTH, MASS RATIO, AND FOUNDATION SHAPE ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE SYSTEM. IT IS FOUND THAT THE AMPLITUDE OF MOTION OF THE EMBEDDED FOUNDATION IS GREATLY REDUCED BY THE ADDITIONAL SHEARING RESISTANCE ALONG SIDES OF THE FOUNDATION AND A SHIFT IN THE CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION. EMBEDMENT IS FOUND, HOWEVER, TO HAVE NO APPRECIABLE EFFECT ON THE RESONANT FREQUENCY OF THE SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM WITH A HIGHER MASS RATIO PRODUCES A GREATER AMPLITUDE FOR A GIVEN DEPTH OF EMBEDMENT, BUT THE EFFECT OF MASS RATIO BECOMES SMALLER WITH INCREASING EMBEDMENT DEPTH. THE EFFECTS OF EMBEDMENT DEPTH, MASS RATIO, AND FOUNDATION SIZE ARE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF TWO NEWLY DEFINED DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS, THE AMPLITUDE REDUCTION COEFFICIENT AND THE EMBEDMENT FACTOR, BY MEANS OF WHICH THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF EMBEDDED FOUNDATIONS CAN BE ADEQUATELY DETERMINED. /AUTHOR/
The influence of belief conflict on stress and burnout syndrome in healthcare workers: Using structural equation modeling in a cross-sectional study

Results : The hypothesized model exhibited an excellent model fit (RMSEA = 0.041, CFI = 0.937, TLI = 0.933). The results suggested that belief conflict has positive causal effects on stress and burnout syndrome: standardized total effect = 0.676 (S.E. = 0.041, Est . /S.E. = 16.334, p-value = 0.000, 95% CI = 0.411; 0.646), standardized total indirect effect = 0.221 (S.E. = 0.031, Est . /S.E. = 7.066, p-value = 0.000, 95% CI = 0.115; 0.231), standardized direct effect = 0.455 (S.E. = 0.048, Est . /S.E. = 9.497, p-value = 0.000, 95% CI = 0.257; 0.455). Conclusion: This study indicated that healthcare workers suffer stress and burnout related to belief conflict. Therefore, assessment of belief conflict in healthcare workers, followed by appropriate intervention where indicated, would be beneficial in preventing stress and burnout.
Labour Disputes and the Game of Legal Representation

This paper explores the prisoner’s dilemma that may result when workers and firms are involved in labour disputes and must decide whether to hire a lawyer to be represented at trial. Using a representative data set of labour disputes in the UK and a large population of French unfair dismissal cases, we find that a lawyer substantially increases the firm’s probability of winning at trial but has little effect on the worker’s victory probability. The UK data contain award and litigation costs and allow us to compute the pay-off matrix. We do not find evidence of a prisoner’s dilemma, given that the total pay-off for the worker is not significantly different whether she is represented or not. Surprisingly, the dominant strategy for the firm is not to be represented.
Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD Score for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Koja Hospital

Background: The frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG) was a specific questionnaire to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which has been validated against the endoscopic findings in Japan. The high score FSSG is one of the factors related to failure of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) mono therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine FSSG score in patients with GERD at Koja hospital, in order to predict the need for combination therapy of PPI with pro- kinetic drug or PPI only. Method: Dyspeptic patients which had have heartburn and/or regurgitation were collected in the period of March until July 2010. The FSSG score was obtain containing 12 questions which consisted of seven questions for reflux symptoms and five questions for dysmotility/dyspeptic symptoms. Results: There were 129 patients, 51 (39.5%) males and 78 (60.5%) females, mostly in the age group of < 40 years (55.8%), body mass index of most patients (66.6%) were normal, only 12.4% were overweight. FSSG score revealed the mean of total score of 17.6 ± 6.9. From 129 dyspepsia patients who complained heartburn and or regurgitation, obtained 121 (94%) met criteria for GERD with cutoff eight. The mean of reflux score was 7.4 ± 4.6 while the mean of dyspeptic/dysmotility score was 10.1 ± 4. Thus from 129 patients studied, the symptoms of dyspeptic/dysmotility more dominant than symptoms of reflux Conclusion: GERD patients in Koja hospital have a high mean FSSG score, whereas dysmotility symptoms was proved to be more dominant than acid reflux Keywords: GERD, FSSG, dyspeptic/dysmotility score, reflux score
Economic Effects of the Urbanization Process in China

The aim of the paper is to present and combine selected aspects of China's economic development: the agricultural reform, the household registration system, internal migration, and urbanization. Its further objective is to test the hypothesis that urbanization positively influences the economic growth in China whereas the hukou system has a negative impact on growth. The main method chosen for verification of the hypothesis is the critical analysis of existing literature of the topic. Some basic statistical analysis is also used. The relationship between variables is tentatively explored with correlation analysis. The hypothesis positing the beneficial influence of the urbanization process on economic growth in China may be verified positively. This occurs through the increase of productivity in the rural areas, the increase of the internal demand, and the utilization of labour surpluses. The hypothesis positing the negative effects of the hukou system on the economic growth can also be confirmed. Through limiting the free flow of migration, the hukou system lowers the pace of modernization and efficiency of the agricultural sector and also decreases the quality of the human capital by depriving people of social care. The urbanization process requires a fair amount of control and planning if it is to be considered one of the most important factors in Chinese economic growth. A reform of the hukou system is also crucial. Naturally, further research is needed. The suggested fields of analysis are as follows: the restraints of the continuous rapid economic growth in China, the relation between the accelerating urbanization and the income level, and the regional income disparity. The paper adds to the literature by combining concepts and presenting them as one multidimensional problem.
Effect of Crotonylidene Di-Urea on Yield and Quality of Banana on Inceptisol

Slow release fertilizers (SRF) like Crotonylidene Di-urea having more nutrient use efficiency compared to traditional fertilizers like Urea, Ammonium Sulphate. SRF are easy to apply and produce more yield thats why farmers have to started product like CDU, IBDU, SCU. Products like Crotonylidene Diurea is useful for long duration crops like Banana, Sugarcane and other fruit crops as well as field crops. Now its time to improve our farming technology.
Organizing to counter terrorism: Sensemaking amidst dynamic complexity

Organizations increasingly find themselves contending with circumstances that are suffused with dynamic complexity. So how do they make sense of and contend with this? Using a sensemaking approach, our empirical case analysis of the shooting of Mr Jean Charles de Menezes shows how sensemaking is tested under such conditions. Through elaborating the relationship between the concepts of frames and cues, we find that the introduction of a new organizational routine to anticipate action in changing circumstances leads to discrepant sensemaking. This reveals how novel routines do not necessarily replace extant ones but, instead, overlay each other and give rise to novel, dissonant identities which in turn can lead to an increase rather than a reduction in equivocality. This has important implications for sensemaking and organizing amidst unprecedented circumstances.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of innate immune receptors in patients with renal rejection

Background: The innate immunity plays an important role in the host response to transplantation by Toll-like receptors and results in development of acute allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of TLR2 and CD14 (co receptor) gene polymorphisms with acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: The study was conducted in a population of 239 subjects consisting of 71 patients with acute rejection, 71 patients without acute rejection (SGF) and 97 Healthy Control (HC). The allele and genotype frequencies of TLR2 (R753Q, rs5743708) and CD14 (-159 C>T, rs2569190) polymorphisms were genotyped by Real-time PCR in the study groups. Results: Genotype distribution of CD14 -159 polymorphism was significantly different in AR vs. SGF and HC. CD14 -159 TT genotype was more prevalent in rejection than SGF and HC (P<0.0001, P<0.007, respectively). Also Graft loss, defiened as need of dialysis after acute rejection, was occurred in 24 patients (33.8%) from AR group. The frequencies of three genotype in CD14 (TT, CT, CC) in rejection With Graft loss were 75.0%, 20.8% and 4.1% respectively, While 25.5%, 31.9% and 42.5% in rejection without Graft loss (P<0.0001 for TT vs. CT, CC). Many recipients with AR were involved with graft loss had CD14 -159 TT genotype, whereas only a few recipients without graft loss had TT genotype (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Therefore, due to the importance of CD14 polymorphism (-159 C/T, rs2569190) in disease progression and also as a biomarker, could be considered as a crucial therapeutic target in early prognosis of acute rejection.
Mild Decrease in Skin Temperature Reduces the Heart Rate during Moderate Exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mild decrease in skin temperature on the heart rate, substrate oxidation, and hormonal responses during exercise. Ten young men performed treadmill exercises approximately 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake for 60 min under two trials: (1) mild body cooling trial, and (2) control trial. Rectal and skin temperatures were recorded during and after exercise. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were monitored during exercise. Blood samples for catecholamine, cortisol, free fatty acid, insulin, and glucose concentrations were collected before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise. In the mild body cooling trial, mean skin temperature decreased by 1.7 ± 0.7°C in the last minutes of exercise, compared with before exercise. No differences in rectal temperature were seen between the two trials. Although oxygen uptake during exercise and blood parameters did not differ between the trials, heart rate and subjective fatigue during exercise was lower in the mild body cooling trial than in the control trial. This study suggests that mild body cooling reduces the heart rate and subjective fatigue during moderate exercise, but does not affect substrate oxidation or hormonal responses to exercise.
Cluster observations of EMIC triggered emissions in association with Pc1 waves near Earth's plasmapause

The Cluster spacecraft were favorably positioned on the nightside near the equatorial plasmapause of Earth at L ∼ 4.3 on 30 March 2002 to observe electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) rising tone emissions in association with Pc1 waves at 1.5 Hz. The EMIC rising tone emissions were found to be left‐hand, circularly polarized, dispersive, and propagating away from the equator. Their burstiness and dispersion of ∼30s/Hz rising out of the 1.5 Hz Pc1 waves are consistent with their identification as EMIC triggered chorus emissions, the first to be reported through in situ observations near the plasmapause. Along with the expected H+ ring current ions seen at higher energies (>300 eV), lower energy ions (300 eV and less) were observed during the most intense EMIC triggered emission events. Nonlinear wave‐particle interactions via cyclotron resonance between the ∼2–10 keV H+ ions with temperature anisotropy and the linearly‐amplified Pc1 waves are suggested as a possible generation mechanism for the EMIC triggered emissions.
Differential Emotional State Reasoning in Young and Older Adults: Evidence from Behavioral and Neuroimaging Data

The ability to infer the emotions, intentions, and beliefs of others has a self-protecting function in social life but declines with age. Little is known about the cerebral mechanisms underlying this impairment in older adults. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the brain regions associated with an emotional state reasoning paradigm in which subjects were required to infer the emotion of a seen facial expression by choosing one out of four statements describing what might have happened to the depicted person. Behaviorally, empathic reasoning performance correlated inversely with age with the older subjects (42-61 years, n=12) being significantly worse than the young subjects (22-39 years, n=14) in the accuracy of empathic reasoning. FMRI showed that young and older adults recruited similar brain regions but at different time points during empathic reasoning. In the older adults, higher order control areas became engaged early during viewing the target facial expressions, while in the young adults these were first recruited when all necessary information for the decision was present. Our data suggest that older subjects employ an inefficient mechanism leading to impaired empathic reasoning.
Use of platelet-rich plasma in orthopaedics and traumatology

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a concentration of blood platelets suspended in a small volume of plasma, and it can be obtained by centrifuging the patient’s whole blood. It is used in many fields of medicine, including orthopaedics and traumatology. The range of indications for PRP therapy has been extended. The mechanism of action of PRP is based on function of growth factors. The application of PRP can be considered for tendinopathy and enthesopathy treatment, osteoarthritis treatment, muscle and ligament injuries, bone lesion treatment, bone infections and many other diseases. There are no standardised guidelines concerning PRP therapy, and the most efficient and optimal method of PRP preparation is yet to be determined. This article aims to present the opportunities of PRP therapy in orthopaedics and traumatology and evaluate
General Purpose Technologies and their Implications for International Trade

Abstract This paper develops a simple model of trade and “quality-ladders” growth without scale effects to study the implications of general purpose technologies (GPTs) for international trade. GPTs refer to a certain type of drastic innovations, such as electrification, the transistor, and the Internet, that are characterized by the pervasiveness in use, innovational complementarities, and technological dynamism. The model presents a two-country (Home and Foreign) dynamic general equilibrium framework and incorporates GPT diffusion within Home that exhibits endogenous Schumpeterian growth. The model analyzes the long-run and transitional dynamic effects of a new GPT on the pattern of trade and relative wages. The main findings of the paper are: 1) when the GPT diffusion across industries is governed by S-curve dynamics, there are two steady-state equilibria: the initial steadystate arises before the adoption of the new GPT and the final one is reached after the GPT diffusion process has been completed, 2) when all industries at Home have adopted the new GPT, Home enjoys comparative advantage in a greater range of industries compared to Foreign, 3) during the transitional dynamics, Foreign gains back its competitiveness in some of the industries that lost its comparative advantage to Home.