Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attributions about Perpetrators and Victims of Interpersonal Abuse

This analogue study (written vignettes and videotapes) examines the influence of victim-perpetrator relationship (spouse or acquaintance), sex of perceiver, and type of abuse (psychological vs. physical) on attributions about victims and perpetrators of domestic abuse. College student participants (73 men, 108 women) were randomly assigned to condition. As expected, type of relationship influenced observer perceptions. Specifically, participants rated the victim of marital violence as more psychologically damaged and disturbed by the abuse than the victim of acquaintance violence. Furthermore, interaction effects showed that men, more than women, rated the actions of the married perpetrator as more of a victim’s rights violation than the actions of the acquaintance perpetrator. Second, type of abuse was shown to influence perceptions of the perpetrator but not the victim. Sex-of-perceiver effects were also obtained. Women held the perpetrator more responsible and assigned less blame to the victim than did men. Legal and clinical implications are then discussed.
Current Advances in Radiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common adult primary brain tumor that is associated with very poor survival. The current standard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme includes surgical resection and a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. This treatment strategy leads to better overall survival; however, majority of tumor recurrences occur within the irradiated field. To overcome this problem, dose intensification is being tested in the management of glioblastoma multiforme. In recent years, technological development of radiotherapies, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radio surgery, stereotactic radiation therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and particle beam therapy, has improved dose distribution. Several prospective studies using these radiotherapies have shown that dose escalation is feasible and appears to be effective. Although the number of patients with glioblastoma multiforme in each study was not large, the survival times in these studies tended to be better than in those with standard dosing schedules. Dose escalation radiotherapy could be a hopeful strategy for patients with glioblastoma multiforme. In this review, we review advances in current radiotherapies for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.
The Emergence of Ebola as a Global Health Security Threat: From ‘Lessons Learned’ to Coordinated Multilateral Containment Efforts

First reported in remote villages of Africa in the 1970s, the Ebolavirus was originally believed to be transmitted to people from wild animals. Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes a severe, frequently fatal hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Each outbreak of the Ebolavirus over the last three decades has perpetuated fear and economic turmoil among the local and regional populations in Africa. Until now it has been considered a tragic malady confined largely to the isolated regions of the African continent, but it is no longer so. The frequency of outbreaks has increased since the 1970s. The 2014 Ebola outbreak in Western Africa has been the most severe in history and was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Given the widespread use of modern transportation and global travel, the EBOV is now a risk to the entire Global Village, with intercontinental transmission only an airplane flight away. Clinically, symptoms typically appear after an incubation period of approximately 11 days. A flu-like syndrome can progress to full hemorrhagic fever with multiorgan failure, and frequently, death. Diagnosis is confirmed by detection of viral antigens or Ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the blood or other body fluids. Although historically the mortality of this infection exceeded 80%, modern medicine and public health measures have been able to lower this figure and reduce the impact of EBOV on individuals and communities. The treatment involves early, aggressive supportive care with rehydration. Core interventions, including contact tracing, preventive initiatives, active surveillance, effective isolation and quarantine procedures, and timely response to patients, are essential for a successful outbreak control. These measures, combined with public health education, point-of-care diagnostics, promising new vaccine and pharmaceutical efforts, and coordinated efforts of the international community, give new hope to the Global effort to eliminate Ebola as a public health threat. Here we present a review of EBOV infection in an effort to further educate medical and political communities on what the Ebolavirus disease entails, and what efforts are recommended to treat, isolate, and eventually eliminate it.
Estimation of Shear Wave Speed in the Rhesus Macaques’ Uterine Cervix

Cervical softness is a critical parameter in pregnancy. Clinically, preterm birth is associated with premature cervical softening and postdates birth is associated with delayed cervical softening. In practice, the assessment of softness is subjective, based on digital examination. Fortunately, objective, quantitative techniques to assess softness, and other parameters associated with microstructural cervical change are emerging. One of these is shear wave speed (SWS) estimation. In principle, this allows objective characterization of stiffness because waves travel more slowly in softer tissue. We are studying SWS in humans and rhesus macaques, the latter in order to accelerate translation from bench to bedside. For the current study, we estimated SWS in ex vivo cervices of rhesus macaques, n=24 nulliparous (never given birth) and n=9 multiparous (delivered at least one baby). Misoprostol (a prostaglandin used to soften human cervices prior to gynecological procedures) was administered to 13 macaques prior to necropsy (nulliparous: 7; multiparous: 6). SWS measurements were made at predetermined locations from the distal to proximal end of the cervix on both the anterior and posterior cervix, with five repeat measures at each location. The intent was to explore macaque cervical microstructure, including biological and spatial variability, to elucidate the similarities and differences between the macaque and the human cervix in order to facilitate future in vivo studies. We found that SWS is dependent on location in the normal nonpregnant macaque cervix, as in the human cervix. Unlike the human cervix, we detected no difference between ripened and unripened rhesus macaque cervix samples, nor nulliparous versus multiparous samples, although we observed a trend toward stiffer tissue in nulliparous samples. We found rhesus macaque cervix to be much stiffer than human, which is important for technique refinement. These findings are useful for guiding study of cervical microstructure in both humans and macaques.
Enzymuria in neonates receiving continuous intravenous infusion of gentamicin

Urinary excretion of the tubular enzymes NAG and AAP was investigated during gentamicin treatment of 105 newborn infants. The values found for NAG and AAP show a significant positive correlation. The urinary excretion of NAG was on the average 92% higher during gentamicin treatment as compared with non‐treatment periods in the same newborn infant (33 infants). The same tendency applied to AAP. Newborn infants receiving continuous intravenous infusion of gentamicin were not found to be at greater risk of nephrotoxicity than those receiving intermittent gentamicin treatment, using NAG and AAP as an index of nephrotoxicity. The changes in NAG and AAP within treatment periods were studied. During gentamicin treatment an insignificant average increase in the urinary excretion of NAG occurred, whereas a significant decrease was found during non‐treatment periods. A significant negative correlation was found between urinary excretion of NAG and birth weight/gestational age. The long‐term effect of the higher excretion of NAG and AAP in newborn and adult patients during aminoglycoside treatment is unknown.
Perceptions of Teacher Educators Regarding ICT Implementation in Israeli Colleges of Education

ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in teacher education poses new challenges to faculty and students. This study was carried out to examine factors facilitating and hindering ICT implementation in teacher education institutes in Israel. Findings from our study, administered at two points in time, revealed that providing technological-pedagogical support to teacher educators and their perceptions and beliefs regarding ICT usage were consistent with being either facilitating or hindering factors in the integration process in colleges of education. Professional development of teacher educators in ICT skills and guidance in applying advanced technologies are additional facilitating factors. Resources, mainly time and infrastructure, were mostly a hindering factor with adverse influence on ICT integration. Three levels of successful ICT integration indicated successful implementation: teacher educators’ level, students in their practice, and the organization level in terms of policy.
Physical activity, body mass index and mental health in Chinese adolescents: a population based study.

AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the association between physical activity, BMI level and mental health among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Three thousand ninety-six adolescents aged 11 to 13 were analyzed from 6 middle schools of Xuzhou. Physical activity level was measured using self-designed questionnaires. BMI was calculated according to the results of these students' physical examinations. Anxiety symptoms were assessed by using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder, depression via the Children's Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS Adolescents' self-reported rate of insufficient physical activity was 58.1%. The overweight and obesity rates were 18.4%, 16.0%. The point prevalence rates on anxiety and depression were 15.2%, 11.5%. Insufficient physical activity was positively associated with anxiety and depression (OR [95%CI]: 1.31 [1.06-1.63]; 1.33 [1.04-1.70]). Obesity was positively associated with depression (OR [95%CI]: 1.48 [1.10-2.00]). IS-OB was positively associated with anxiety and depressive (OR [95%CI]: 1.71 [1.19-2.45]; 1.99 [1.33-2.97]). CONCLUSION Physical inactivity and overweight/obesity were negatively association with mental health of adolescents, respectively. Meanwhile, to explore the combined effects of physical inactivity and obesity would increase the risk of anxiety and depression in adolescents.
Safety in Distributed Sensor Networks: A Literature Review

: The connectivity megatrend dominates the current social change. The number of networked devices and the resulting amount of data is constantly increasing worldwide. For this reason, the dependability of computer systems is becoming increasingly relevant. Especially in the context of civil infrastructures, the constant availability of computer systems is of great importance. This paper provides a structured overview of the current literary status of safety in distributed sensor networks. Most approaches from the literature focus on the design phase. By the following connection with the existing dependability theory, the potential for the optimization of dependability could be proven.
PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE KYPHOSCOLIOSIS OF THE THORACIC SPINE

THE unfortunate hunchback has to bear, in addition to physical disability and deformity, the burden of ever increasing respiratory deficiency which inexorably results in heart failure and premature death. Pregnancy in this setting seems, to say the least, incongruous and in fact often has a fatal outcome. It is because of the complication of heart failure that the prognosis in pregnancy is worse when the thoracic spine is chiefly affected than when the lesion is lumbar or sacral (Jensen, 1938). It was recognized in the early nineteenth century that the heart could fail in severe kyphoscoliosis but the pathophysiology of “heart failure of the hunchback” has been described only comparatively recently by Chapman, Dill and Graybiel (1939), Gray (1956), Hanley and his colleagues (1958) and Bergofsky, Turino and Fishman (1959). References to kyphoscoliosis in pregnancy are to be found mainly in German, French, Scandinavian and American literature. The present paper reports four cases of pregnancy associated with severe kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine seen by the author during a period of five months all having a successful outcome (see Table I and Figures 1-4).
Respirable Particles and Carcinogens in the Air of Delaware Hospitality Venues Before and After a Smoking Ban

How do the concentrations of indoor air pollutants known to increase risk of respiratory disease, cancer, heart disease, and stroke change after a smoke-free workplace law? Real-time measurements were made of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in a casino, six bars, and a pool hall before and after a smoking ban. Secondhand smoke contributed 90% to 95% of the RSP air pollution during smoking, and 85% to 95% of the carcinogenic PPAH, greatly exceeding levels of these contaminants encountered on major truck highways and polluted city streets. This air-quality survey demonstrates conclusively that the health of hospitality workers and patrons is endangered by tobacco smoke pollution. Smoke-free workplace laws eliminate that hazard and provide health protection impossible to achieve through ventilation or air cleaning.
An Impedance-Based CT Saturation Detection Algorithm for Bus-Bar Differential Protection

This paper presents an algorithm for current transformer (CT) saturation detection based on the measurement of the power system source impedance seen at the relay location. The algorithm estimates this source impedance using a short-data window impedance-estimation algorithm and samples taken from the CT secondary current and bus-bar voltage. Following the changes on the impedance seen at the relay location, the algorithm is able to detect a CT saturation and send a blocking order to a fast tripping bus-bar differential relay.
A LIM-homeobox gene is required for differentiation of Wnt-expressing cells at the posterior end of the planarian body

Planarians have high regenerative ability, which is dependent on pluripotent adult somatic stem cells called neoblasts. Recently, canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was shown to be required for posterior specification, and Hedgehog signaling was shown to control anterior-posterior polarity via activation of the Djwnt1/P-1 gene at the posterior end of planarians. Thus, various signaling molecules play an important role in planarian stem cell regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms directly involved in stem cell differentiation have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that one of the planarian LIM-homeobox genes, Djislet, is required for the differentiation of Djwnt1/P-1-expressing cells from stem cells at the posterior end. RNA interference (RNAi)-treated planarians of Djislet [Djislet(RNAi)] show a tail-less phenotype. Thus, we speculated that Djislet might be involved in activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the posterior blastema. When we carefully examined the expression pattern of Djwnt1/P-1 by quantitative real-time PCR during posterior regeneration, we found two phases of Djwnt1/P-1 expression: the first phase was detected in the differentiated cells in the old tissue in the early stage of regeneration and then a second phase was observed in the cells derived from stem cells in the posterior blastema. Interestingly, Djislet is expressed in stem cell-derived DjPiwiA- and Djwnt1/P-1-expressing cells, and Djislet(RNAi) only perturbed the second phase. Thus, we propose that Djislet might act to trigger the differentiation of cells expressing Djwnt1/P-1 from stem cells.
Efficacy of Hijamat Bila Shurt (Dry Cupping) on Intensity of Pain in Dysmenorrhoea-A Preliminary Study

Waje rehm (Dysmenorrhoea) means painful menstruation. Since ancient times, hijamat bila shurt (Dry cupping) is a method of treatment of for this disease. Therefore, objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the efficacy of hijamat bila shurt on intensity of pain in waje rehm by using Visual Analogue Scale for pain. It was conducted from May 2009 to July 2010 on 25 patients in National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore. Patients suffering from primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea with regular cycles, age group 12-37years were selected. For dry cupping, two glass cup of medium size were applied below the umbilicus for 15 minutes on day land/or day 2 of the menstrual phase for one cycle and pain intensity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale score for pain before and after the treatment. The Mean and Standard Error Mean for pain intensity before and after the treatment was 6.48 (0.32) and 2.12 (0.32) respectively with P<0.001, considered significant. Thus, hijamat bila shurt was effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea.
Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rates following total hip replacement: a randomized controlled trial (TRANX-H).

BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery require one to three units of blood postoperatively. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic antifibrinolytic agent that has been successfully used intravenously to control bleeding after total hip replacement. A topical application is easy to administer, provides a maximum concentration of tranexamic acid at the bleeding site, and is associated with little or no systemic absorption of the tranexamic acid. METHODS A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 161 patients undergoing unilateral primary total hip replacement investigated the effect of topical (intra-articular) application of tranexamic acid on blood loss. The primary outcome was the blood transfusion rate. Secondary outcomes included the drain blood loss, hemoglobin concentration drop, generic quality of life (EuroQol), Oxford Hip Score, length of stay, a cost analysis, and complications. RESULTS Tranexamic acid reduced the absolute risk of blood transfusion by 19.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.9% to 32.1%; p = 0.004), from 32.1% to 12.5%, and reduced blood loss by 129 mL (95% CI, 47 to 211 mL; p = 0.002), the hemoglobin concentration drop by 0.84 g/dL (95% CI, 0.41 to 1.27; p < 0.0001), the length of stay by 1.0 days (95% CI, -0.2 to 2.3 days; p = 0.109), and the cost per episode by £305 (95% CI, £0 to £610; p = 0.05). (In 2010, £1 = 1.5 U.S. dollars.) Oxford Hip Scores and EuroQol scores were similar at three months. CONCLUSIONS Topically applied tranexamic acid was effective in reducing blood loss and the need for blood transfusion following total hip replacement, avoiding the potential complications of intravenous tranexamic acid administration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Definitions and nomenclature of nucleic acid structure parameters.

At an EMBO Workshop on DNA Curvature and Bending, held at Churchill College, Cambridge, on 10-15 September 1988, two sessions were scheduled on definitions of parameters used to describe the geometry of nucleic acid chains and helices, and a common nomenclature for these parameters. The most widely used library of helix analysis programs, HELIB (Fratini et al., 1982; Dickerson, 1985) suffers from the fact that the translations and rotations as defined are not fully independent and depend to a certain extent upon the choice of overall helix axis. Several research groups have been engaged independently in developing alternative programs for the geometrical analysis of polynucleotide chains, but with different definitions of quantities calculated and with widely different nomenclature even when the same parameter was involved.
Carriage by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospitals and households in Tripoli, Libya

Abstract Using standard bacteriological procedures, 403 cockroaches (Blattella germanica) collected in Tripoli, from hospitals or the households surrounding the hospitals, were examined for bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans. Almost all of the cockroaches (96.1% of the 253 from hospitals and 98.7% of the 150 from households) were found to be carrying potentially pathogenic bacteria, with similar mean burdens of 3.2 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) (range=0–1.4 × 107) for each hospital cockroach and 1.9 × 105 cfu (range=0–3.1 × 106) for each household cockroach (P>0.05). Overall, 27 and 25 species of potential pathogen were isolated from the hospital and household cockroaches, respectively, with Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Streptococcus predominant. Carriage of species of Serratia was significantly more common among the hospital cockroaches than among the household cockroaches, whereas carriage of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Aeromonas was significantly more common among the household cockroaches than among the hospital. Multiple resistance, to at least six different antibiotics, was more commonly observed among the enteric bacteria isolated from the hospital cockroaches than among those recovered from the household cockroaches. Overall, >30% of the isolates of Enterobacteria recovered were each resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents, and 95% of the Pseudomonas isolates were each resistant to at least eight such agents. Cockroaches may play an important role in the spread of multiple-antibiotic-resistant, bacterial pathogens within the hospitals and surrounding communities of Tripoli and other, similar cities. The local health and environmental authorities need to be encouraged to treat B. germanica infestations seriously and to control them quickly and effectively.
Human neutrophil bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein reduces mortality rate from endotoxin challenge: A placebo‐controlled study

ObjectivesTo study the toxicology and pharmacology of the endotoxin-neutralizing agent, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. DesignProspective, randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study. SettingAcademic research laboratory. SubjectsCD-1 mice (n = 259); Sprague Dawley rats (n = 26); New Zealand White rabbits (n = 19). InterventionsPharmacokinetics of intravenously injected bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein was assessed in mice. Toxicology was tested in mice and rats. Efficacy of intravenously administered bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein as an endotoxin-neutralizing agent was tested in mice, rats, and rabbits. Measurements and Main ResultsAdministration of a single 10-mg/kg bolus injection of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein resulted in no alterations in hematologic, renal, or hepatic function, activity level, or weight gain in animals observed over a 7-day study period. A single bolus injection (10 mg/kg) of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein protected 15 of 16 mice from a lethal endotoxin challenge (mortality rate 1/16 [6.25%]) compared with a 100% (16/16) mortality rate in the saline-treated controls (p < .001). Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein administered up to 1 hr after endotoxin provided significant protection against lethal endotoxin challenge. Furthermore, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein reduced the induration and dermal necrosis observed in the localized dermal Shwartzman reaction. ConclusionsBactericidal/permeability-increasing protein is a potent antiendotoxin that neutralizes endotoxin in vivo and prevents mortality in animal models of lethal endotoxemia. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:553–558)