Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of the NG2 chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan after brain injury

Injury to the adult mammalian CNS results in reactive changes among the glial cells surrounding the site of damage. Recently, an unusual class of glial cells has been identified within the intact adult rat cerebellum on the basis of the expression of the NG2 chondroitin- sulfate proteoglycan (Levine and Card, 1987). To determine whether the cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan show reactive changes after injury, small puncture lesions were made into the cerebelli of adult rats, and changes among astrocytes, microglia and NG2-positive cells were examined using immunohistochemical staining with cell type- specific marker antibodies. Beginning at 24 hr after lesion, NG2- positive cells immediately adjacent to the lesion site bound the anti- NG2 antibodies more heavily than cells within the undamaged areas of the cerebellum. This increase in anti-NG2 immunoreactivity was transient, reaching a maximum at 7 d postlesion and declining slowly thereafter. The increase in anti-NG2 immunoreactivity was accompanied by an increase in the levels of mRNA encoding the NG2 core protein as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. NG2-positive cells adjacent to the lesion site incorporated 3H-thymidine into their nuclei beginning at 24 hr postlesion and increased in number. Concurrent with these changes, microglia became activated and increased in number, monocytes invaded the damaged tissue, and an astrocytic scar formed. These observations demonstrate that the cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan are a reactive cell type that responds to brain injury. The increased expression of the NG2 chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan may contribute to the failure of damaged CNS axons to regenerate successfully.
Statistical Screening of Medium Components on Ethanol Production from Cashew Apple Juice using Saccharomyces Diasticus

In the present study, effect of critical medium components (a total of fifteen components) on ethan ol production from waste cashew apple juice (CAJ) using yeast Saccharomyces diasticus was studied. A statistical response surface method ology (RSM) based Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was used for the design of experiments. The design contains a total of 32 e xperimental trails. The effect of medium components on ethanol was studied at two different levels such as low concentration level (- ) and high concentration levels (+). The dependent variables s elected in this study were ethanol concentration (g/L) and cellmass concentration (g/L). Data obtained from RSM on ethanol production were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). In general, initia l substrate concentration significantly influenced the microbia l growth and product formation. Of the medium components evaluated, CAJ concentration, yeast extract, (NH 4)2SO4, and malt extract showed significant effect on ethanol fermentation. A secon d-order polynomial model was used to predict the experiment al data and the model fitted the data with a high correlation coeff icient (R 2 > 0.98). Maximum ethanol (15.3 g/L) and biomass (6.4 g/L) concentrations were obtained at the optimum medium composition and at optimum condition (temperature-30°C; initial pH-6.8) after 72 h fermentation using S.diasticus.
Screening of Stool Samples for Identification of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Isolates Should Include the Methyl-α-dGlucopyranoside Test To Differentiate Nonmotile Enterococcus gallinarum from E. faecium

ABSTRACT The methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MDG) test has been shown to be superior to motility testing in differentiatingEnterococcus faecium from E. gallinarum. In the present study, 33 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) isolates collected as part of a stool surveillance study were compared by using motility and MDG. Motility testing identified all 33 isolates asE. faecium, whereas MDG identified 11 of the 33 isolates as nonmotile E. gallinarum. The MDG results were confirmed by sequencing the 16S rDNA V6-to-V8 region. We conclude that the MDG test is a necessary component of routine VRE screening.
Fetal growth. Liveborn birth weights for gestational age of white middle class infants.

Fetal growth in weight is presented on 40,000 single, newborn infants between 27 and 44 weeks9 gestational age. They were delivered of white mothers who lived near sea level and received obstetric care from private physicians. Their mean birth weights were greater at term and after term than previously reported in the United States and were similar to those presented from the Scandinavian countries.
Management of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms and Cerebrovascular Malformations

ABSTRACT Purpose of Review: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations are detected more frequently because of the increased use and availability of brain imaging. Management of these entities requires knowledge of which patients are at high risk for hemorrhage and what treatment options are available. This article summarizes the epidemiology, natural history, and management strategies for unruptured intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, developmental venous anomalies, and capillary telangiectasias. Recent Findings: Pooled cohort studies and meta-analyses have improved the ability to predict hemorrhage for each vascular abnormality. Scores and tools have been developed to aid the practitioner in predicting hemorrhage risk for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Advances in endovascular techniques for unruptured intracranial aneurysms have improved the ability to treat difficult wide-necked aneurysms. Summary: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are a common incidental finding. The PHASES (population, hypertension, age, size of aneurysm, earlier subarachnoid hemorrhage from another aneurysm, site of aneurysm) score and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment Score may be useful tools for predicting natural history and treatment recommendations. The overall risk of hemorrhage for both arteriovenous malformations and cavernous malformations is about 2% to 4% per year. With both of these entities, prior hemorrhage predicts future hemorrhage. In addition, other select patient and radiologic factors influence risk of hemorrhage. The risk of future hemorrhage should be compared to the risk of treatment. Developmental venous anomalies and capillary telangiectasias are largely benign entities and rarely symptomatic.
A Three-Stage-Integrative Approach for the Identification of Potential Hepatotoxic Compounds From Botanical Products

With the increasing use of herbal medicines and dietary supplements, intensive concerns about their potential toxicities have been raised. Screening and identifying the toxic compounds from these botanical products composed by hundreds of components have become a critical but challenging problem. In this study, 3 methods, including fraction separation, an in-house-developed fluorescein diacetate-based automatic microscopy screening (FAMS) platform, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based compounds identification were integrated within the Three-Stage-Integrative (TSI) approach for the identification of potential hepatotoxicants from botanical products. The sensitivity and linear range of FAMS assay was validated and compared with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay by previously reported hepatotoxic compounds. The success of TSI approach was further demonstrated by its application to Fructus aristolochiae. Aristolochic acid IVa and aristolodione were tentatively identified to be potential hepatotoxicants in this plant. These applications suggested that our TSI approach provides an effective tool for identifying potential toxic compounds from botanical products.
Novel form of transcription attenuation regulates expression the Bacillus subtilis tryptophan operon

Transcription of the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated in response to the availability of tryptophan. The first structural gene of the operon is preceded by a 204-base-pair transcribed leader region that contains a segment with the features of a procaryotic termination site. Transcription of the leader region was analyzed in vivo and in vitro to determine whether this putative termination site was used to regulate operon expression. When RNA was isolated from wild-type cells grown in the presence of excess tryptophan, transcripts of the operon ended at the putative termination site. In contrast, RNA isolated from cells grown in the absence of tryptophan or from a mutant strain which is constitutive for trp operon expression contained trp transcripts that extended beyond the termination site into the structural genes. To assess termination quantitatively in vivo, a trpE-lacZ fusion was constructed in which the trp promoter and leader region controls hybrid beta-galactosidase formation. The effects on hybrid beta-galactosidase levels of point mutations and deletions introduced into this leader region were determined. The results obtained establish that transcription of the trp operon structural genes is regulated in the leader region. This regulation appears to be mediated by the formation of alternative secondary structures of the leader transcript. In vitro transcription studies with wild-type and mutant templates provided additional evidence that the identified alternative RNA secondary structures regulate transcription termination. We hypothesize that binding of a tryptophan-activated regulatory protein to a specific segment of the nascent leader transcript prevents formation of one of the alternative secondary structures, thereby directing RNA polymerase to terminate transcription.
Positive supercoiling is generated in the presence of Escherichia coli SeqA protein

In Escherichia coli, the SeqA protein is known as a negative regulator of chromosome replication. This protein is also suggested to have a role in chromosome organization. SeqA preferentially binds to hemi‐methylated DNA and is by immunofluorescence microscopy seen as foci situated at the replication factories. Loss of SeqA leads to increased negative supercoiling of the DNA. We show that purified SeqA protein bound to fully methylated, covalently closed or nicked circular DNA generates positive supercoils in vitro in the presence of topoisomerase I or ligase respectively. This means that binding of SeqA changes either the twist or the writhe of the DNA. The ability to affect the topology of DNA suggests that SeqA may take part in the organization of the chromosome in vivo. The topology change performed by SeqA occurred also on unmethylated plasmids. It is, however, reasonable to suppose that in vivo the major part of such activity is performed on hemi‐methylated DNA at the replication factories and presumably forms the basis for the characteristic SeqA foci observed by fluorescence microscopy.
Small Wins Big

The present study examined invented spelling of pinyin (a phonological coding system for teaching and learning Chinese words) in relation to subsequent Chinese reading development. Among 296 Chinese kindergartners in Beijing, independent invented pinyin spelling was found to be uniquely predictive of Chinese word reading 12 months later, even with Time 1 syllable deletion, phoneme deletion, and letter knowledge, in addition to the autoregressive effects of Time 1 Chinese word reading, statistically controlled. These results underscore the importance of children’s early pinyin representations for Chinese reading acquisition, both theoretically and practically. The findings further support the idea of a universal phonological principle and indicate that pinyin is potentially an ideal measure of phonological awareness in Chinese.
Personalized Smart Elderly Care

Many care robots have received a lot of attention to help elderly people, however existing care robots have difficult to adapt personalization. For instance, some programmers have to customize robot program to meet needs of individual. In this paper, the authors’ goal is design and develop care robot which provides personalization for an individual elderly people with an efficient and reasonable way. Their proposed service consists of three essential components; VirtualCareGiver (VCG), VirtualCarePersonalizer (VCP) and CareTemplate. VCG is a robot agent, which provides a personalization and integration for each elderly people. The VCG is offered care tasks based on care template which VCP generates. VCP provides adaptation for individual elderly on the cloud. The authors also conduct an experimental evaluation to demonstrate the feasibility with actual 11 subjects in a day care center. As a result, both font size and voice volume are especially contributed for the subjects.
Variability of histologic criteria in clinically healthy human gingiva.

After prophylaxis, 5 dental hygienists performed optimal oral hygiene under supervision for 6 months. At months 0, 1, 4 and 6, Plaque Index, Gingival Exudate Flow Rate and Gingival Index were assessed, and a buccal biopsy of their gingiva taken. Point counting procedures were performed at 2 different levels of magnification to estimate the volume densities of epithelium, infiltrated and non-infiltrated connective tissue, and collagen. The percentages of fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were estimated by counting the number of profiles of these cells in the connective tissue area close to the apical end of the junctional epithelium. All the changes inside the tissue occurred slowly. During the 6-month period there was a continuous increase of the volume density of the epithelium in the gingiva. An increase in the percentage of fibroblasts was observed between months 1 and 4 together with a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes and in the volume density of the infiltrated connective tissue. Between months 4 and 6 an increase of the volume density of the collagen was found together with a further increase in the percentage of fibroblasts and a further decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes. After 6 months of perfect oral hygiene no more plasma cells were visible. This study has shown that, even in presence of clinically healthy gingiva, subclinical changes may take place. It appears realistic to accept the presence of a very mild gingivitis localized in an area adjacent to the attachment as compatible with gingival health.
The Great Escape: Intergenerational Mobility in the United States Since 1940

I develop a method to estimate intergenerational mobility (IM) in education on large cross-sectional surveys and apply the method to U.S. census data from 1940 to 2000. The method estimates IM directly for children age 26-29 who still live with parents and adjusts for independent children using a procedure that I validate extensively. Estimates imply large post-1940 gains in IM that were (1) driven primarily by large IM gains in the South for both whites and blacks, (2) larger for blacks due to their greater concentration in the South, and (3) driven by high school rather than college enrollment.
Call Bell Requests, Call Bell Response Time, and Patient Satisfaction

Based in the center of nursing activity, the nurse call system has potential to gather basic data such as the number of calls and the response time. Analyzing this information may shed light on performance and patient satisfaction. This study used a correlational design to examine results from a patient satisfaction survey administered at discharge in relation to the number of call bell requests from the patient's room and call bell response time.
The role of adenosine in glycine-induced glomerular hyperfiltration in rats.

Ingestion of a high-protein diet or infusion of amino acids induces glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperemia. We have investigated the role of endogenous adenosine in glycine-induced hyperfiltration. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured in conscious chronically instrumented rats. Glycine (3.7 mg/min, i.v.; n = 6) significantly increased GFR and ERPF from 0.92 +/- 0.07 to 1.13 +/- 0.08 and 3.28 +/- 0.24 to 3.69 +/- 0.19 ml/min.100 g, respectively. In the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA, 2 U/kg.min, n = 6), glycine-induced glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperemia were blunted. The small changes in GFR (from 0.86 +/- 0.06 to 0.90 +/- 0.10 ml/min.100 g) and ERPF (from 3.60 +/- 0.57 to 3.83 +/- 0.53 ml/min x 100 g) were not statistically significant. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenosine hydrochloride (100 micrograms/kg.min, n = 6), an ADA inhibitor, reversed the effect of ADA. Injection of 8-phenyltheophylline (10 mg/kg, n = 6), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist that alone did not affect GFR, abolished the glycine-induced glomerular hyperfiltration (GFR from 1.02 +/- 0.08 to 0.93 +/- 0.08 ml/min.100 g, P > .05). 8-phenyltheophylline, which itself decreased ERPF, also significantly decreased the ERPF response to glycine (3.47 +/- 0.26 to 2.78 +/- 0.14 ml/min x 100 g). Thus, endogenous adenosine, acting at adenosine A1 receptors, plays an important role in the glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperemia induced by glycine.
The molecular biology of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Barrett's esophagus is an acquired metaplastic change that occurs in the distal esophagus secondary to chronic gastroesophageal reflux. This premalignant condition forms the most important risk factor for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is an extremely aggressive tumor with a 5‐year survival rate of less than 25%. Carcinomas that arise in the setting of Barrett's esophagus are thought to develop as part of the metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma sequence.
Measurement of extreme impedances

This paper provides an experimental verification of a novel method for measurement of extreme impedances which was theoretically described earlier. In this paper experiments proving that the method can significantly improve stability of a measurement system are described. Using Agilent PNA E8364A vector network analyzer the method is able to measure reflection coefficient with stability improved 36-times in magnitude and 354-times in phase compared to the classical method of reflection coefficient measurement. Further, validity of the error model and related equations stated in the earlier paper are verified by real measurement of SMD resistors (size 0603) in microwave test fixture. Values of the measured SMD resistors range from 12 kΩ up to 330 kΩ. A novel calibration technique using three different resistors as calibration standards is used. The measured values of impedances reasonably agree with assumed values.
Relation between concentrations of digoxin in the myocardium and in the plasma.

It soon becomes apparent to those who use cardiac glycosides clinically that the relation between the amount of drug administered and the therapeutic effect is highly variable. The correlation of dose and effect of the drug is influenced by a number of factors including bioavailability, completeness of absorption, apparent volume of distribution, rate of elimination, degree of plasma protein binding, diffusion and active transport to the site of action, and local factors at the side of action (Koch-Weser, 1972; Sjoqvist and Bertilsson, 1973). KochWeser (1972) has proposed that for the great majority of drugs individual differences in response to a certain dose of a drug are primarily the result of individual differences in plasma concentration achieved, rather than of a different intensity of effect associated with the same plasma concentration. In general terms this has proved true for the digitalis glycosides, and much of the relevant evidence is reviewed by Sheiner (1974) who concludes that, 'The serum concentration of digitalis preparations bears a more consistent relationship to drug effects than do doses administered'. With the ready commercial availability of digoxin radioimmunoassay systems, plasma digoxin measurements are now often made. Antisera for the other cardiac glycosides, including digitoxin, have also been prepared. The importance of knowledge of the timing of the blood sample in relation to drug administration and of the drug's kinetic pattern (Vere, 1972; Doherty, 1973; Ewy et al., 1974) must be emphasised. Endogenous or exogenous steroids, or steroid antagonists such as spironolactone, may interfere with the radioimmunoassay if antisera of sufficient specificity are not selected (Smith and Haber, 1973; Steiness, 1974). The interpretation of drug concentrations in plasma would be straightforward if: (1) therapeutic
The power of cooperative investigation: Summary and comparison of the HUPO Brain Proteome Project pilot study results

Within the pilot phase of the HUPO Brain Proteome Project, nine participating laboratories analysed human (epilepsy and/or post mortem material) and mouse brain samples (embryonic, juvenile and adult), respectively, using a variety of different state of the art techniques. Thirty‐seven different analytical approaches were accomplished. Of these analyses, 17 were done differentially, i.e. the protein expression patterns of the different samples (human or mouse) were compared. A catalogue of all proteins present in the respective sample was built in 20 analyses (mapping). All data were collected in the Data Collection Center in Bochum, Germany, and were reprocessed according to thoroughly defined parameters. In this report, a summary of all results and inter‐laboratory comparisons with respect to the number of identified proteins, the analysed organism, and the used techniques is presented.
Medication Adherence in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study

To effectively address medication adherence and improve cardiovascular health among older adults, a deeper understanding is needed of the barriers that this age group faces and of approaches that would be most effective and feasible for improving adherence. We conducted a focus group study (n = 25) in a diverse population of older adults with hypertension recruited from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence in Older Adults (CoSMO). A structured guide was used to collect feedback on barriers to adherence and acceptability and the feasibility of intervention strategies. The final coding framework outlines factors at the individual, relationship, health care system, and environmental or policy level that affect adherence in older adults. These include memory, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, side effects, social support, interaction with healthcare providers, and cost and convenience of medication filling. Patient responses highlighted the varied nature of barriers and the need for interventions that are both multifaceted and tailored.
Project-based Learning incorporating Interdisciplinary Curriculums Increase Learners ’ Satisfaction

This study is intended to investigate the impact of perceived ease of learning, enjoyment, acquisition of useful knowledge on learning attitude, competence acquisition and satisfaction. Works developed by 40 fifth and sixth graders from Her Herng and Chu Wan elementary schools were gathered and analyzed. An experimental design was developed, and the subjects were divided into control and experimental groups. The results proved that the experimental group exhibited significant differences in terms of perceived ease of learning, enjoyment, and acquisition of useful knowledge as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results of the regressions indicated that perceptions that knowledge is useful and ease of learning have a significantly positive influence on students’ learning attitude. Additionally, learning attitude was shown to have a significantly positive influence on competence acquisition as well as competence leading to learning satisfaction. The results support the premise that designing an interdisciplinary curriculum with the elements of useful knowledge and ease of learning stemming from an enjoyable curriculum may help improve students’ learning attitude and may also help them acquire competence and increased learning satisfaction in project-based learning environments.