Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of genetic zone routing protocol (GZRP) in 3G-WiFi Offload Multi Base Station

Offloading Technology Metropolitan Advanced Deliver Network (MADNET) which has been developed from several previous studies make the best solution to address the traffic density in a cellular operator. One of them is the implementation of third generation (3G), lately WiFi Offload is being developed, this is in line with the WiFi network in Urban and Metropolitan Networks. MANET is a technology which is the development of WiFi. On MANET routing concepts genetic zone routing prtocol (GZRP) are very useful in treating bottle neck in Multi Base Station WiFi network. In the present study, the concept will be combined with vertical hand off (VHO) Algortihm on 3G-WiFi Offload Network Multi Base Station. Based on the results of this simulation can improve troughput and reduce handover delay and end-to-end delay tolerance.
CP-MAS 13C-NMR dipolar correlation spectroscopy of 13C-enriched chlorosomes and isolated bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates of Chlorobium tepidum: the self-organization of pigments is the main structural feature of chlorosomes.

Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR dipolar correlation spectroscopy was applied for the first time to a biologically intact system, the light-harvesting chlorosomes of the green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. The MAS spectra provide evidence that the self-organization of many thousands of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) molecules is the predominant structural feature of the chlorosome. 13C-Enriched chlorosomes were prepared from nonuniformly labeled cultures grown with NaH13CO3 as the main carbon source and from a uniformly 13C-labeled culture grown with NaH13CO3 as the sole carbon source. For the nonuniformly labeled samples, the positions of the chlorin macrocycle originating from C-4 and C-5 of 5-aminolevulinic acid contained > 95% 13C while the remaining positions, which could have originated also from unlabeled acetate, were labeled to approximately 60% with 13C. The 1-D and 2-D MAS data of the labeled chlorosomes, when compared with data on the isolated labeled BChl c aggregated in n-hexane, show that the major component of the MAS signals in the chlorosomes is from BChl c, and only minor signal contributions arise from lipids and proteins. The 13C MAS signals of the BChl c aggregates were fully assigned by MAS 2-D dipolar correlation spectroscopy, using data on monomeric BChl c in CDCl3/CD3OD as reference. The 2(1)-, 3-, 3(2-), 5-, 12(1)-, 13-, and 13(1)-carbons are shifted by 2.5 ppm or more upfield with respect to the solution data. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Habit Formation and Long-Run Utility Functions*

This paper extends the work on habit formation of Pollak [Habit formation and dynamic demand functions. J. Polit. Econ. (197O)J and provides a critical counterexample to a conjecture of von Weizslcker [Notes on endogenous changes of tastes, J. Econ. Theory (1971)J concerning the existence of a “longrun utility function. ” A linear specification of habit formation is applied to a general system of demand functions with linear Engel curves. It is shown that there exists a utility function which rationalizes the long-run demand functions if and only if they are the steady-state solution to a system of short-run demand functions generated by an additive utility function.
The calcium receptor modulates the hyperpolarization‐activated current in subfornical organ neurons

Here we report that neurons of the subfornical organ (SFO), a circumventricular structure devoid of a blood-brain barrier, show time-dependent, inward rectification indicative of the presence of a subthreshold, hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih). In whole-cell patch clamp experiments of isolated SFO neurons, we observed a Cs+-sensitive Ih in 47% of cells tested. Furthermore, we show that Ih is involved in the generation of evoked bursts in SFO neurons. An allosteric agonist of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) was found to potentiate Ih consistent with our previous observations of CaR-mediated bursting in SFO neurons. These studies indicate that a proportion of SFO neurons express Ih, and this may be one ionic mechanism through which bursting is regulated by various extracellular messengers.
Patients’ outcome expectancies and their impression of suitability as predictors of treatment outcome

Abstract In treatment studies, the correlation of patients’ outcome expectancies and their impression of treatment suitability with treatment outcome shows a contradictory pattern. It seems that a significant correlation can be shown only if outcome is measured with posttherapy scores or with retrospective success ratings but not if outcome is operationalized as any form of pre–post change scores. This study with 499 outpatients (222 with anxiety disorders, 63 with affective disorders, 136 with both anxiety and depression, and 78 with other disorders) examines whether this difference in the correlation pattern can be replicated by simultaneously using three kinds of outcome assessment. Three subscales of the Patients’ Therapy Expectation and Evaluation questionnaire (Hope of Improvement, Fear of Change, and Suitability) were correlated with the treatment outcome. Results confirm the hypothesized model. Possible explanations of this pattern of results are discussed.
Comparing approaches to the management of malignant pleural effusions

ABSTRACT Introduction: Management of symptomatic malignant pleural effusions is becoming more complex due to the range of treatment options, which include therapeutic thoracenteses, thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis, bedside pleurodesis with talc or other sclerosing agents via small-bore chest catheters, indwelling pleural catheters, surgery, or a combination of some of these procedures. Areas covered: Recent advances for the expanding range of treatment options in malignant pleural effusions are summarized, according to the best available evidence. Expert commentary: Selection of a treatment approach in malignant pleural effusions should take into account patient preferences and performance status, tumor type, predicted prognosis, presence of a non-expandable lung, and local experience or availability. The role of pleurodesis has decreased with the advent of indwelling pleural catheters, which provide a high degree of symptomatic relief on an outpatient basis and, therefore, are being positioned as a first choice therapy in many centers. Talc poudrage pleurodesis should probably be reserved for those situations in which pleural tumor invasion is discovered during diagnostic thoracoscopy. Ongoing randomized controlled trials will offer solid evidence on which of the available palliative approaches should be selected for each particular patient.
The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample.

OBJECTIVES To test the construct validity of the short-form version of the Depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and in particular, to assess whether stress as indexed by this measure is synonymous with negative affectivity (NA) or whether it represents a related, but distinct, construct. To provide normative data for the general adult population. DESIGN Cross-sectional, correlational and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). METHODS The DASS-21 was administered to a non-clinical sample, broadly representative of the general adult UK population (N = 1,794). Competing models of the latent structure of the DASS-21 were evaluated using CFA. RESULTS The model with optimal fit (RCFI = 0.94) had a quadripartite structure, and consisted of a general factor of psychological distress plus orthogonal specific factors of depression, anxiety, and stress. This model was a significantly better fit than a competing model that tested the possibility that the Stress scale simply measures NA. CONCLUSIONS The DASS-21 subscales can validly be used to measure the dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, each of these subscales also taps a more general dimension of psychological distress or NA. The utility of the measure is enhanced by the provision of normative data based on a large sample.
A global strategy for prevention and detection of blood doping with erythropoietin and related drugs.

The definition blood doping was introduced by the media in the 1970s to describe the use of blood transfusion to increase red cell mass artificially, and in turn to enhance both maximal oxygen uptake and performance in endurance sports. Since the late 1980s blood doping is no longer achieved by autologous transfusion but instead through administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo).
Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps

Color rendition vectors of 1269 spectrophotometrically characterized test samples of the Munsell palette were analyzed for common solid-state and fluorescent lamps with respect to reference illuminants. The vectors were individually normalized to the size of color discrimination shapes obtained from the known data of just perceived differences of chromaticity and luminance. Based on the analysis performed, we categorized the rendered colors into three groups-colors rendered with high fidelity, colors rendered with increased saturation, and those rendered with distorted hue-and introduced three corresponding indexes to assess the color quality of light sources. In combination with the correlated color temperature, these indexes, which represent important color quality characteristics of white light, constitute a simple 4-D metric for an advanced rating of illumination-grade lamps.
Efficient suspension bioreactor expansion of murine embryonic stem cells on microcarriers in serum‐free medium

Large numbers of cells will be required for successful embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐based cellular therapies or drug discovery, thus raising the need to develop scaled‐up bioprocesses for production of ESCs and their derived progeny. Traditionally, ESCs have been propagated in adherent cultures in static flasks on fibroblasts layers in serum‐containing medium. Direct translation of two‐dimensional flatbed cultures to large‐scale production of the quantities of cells required for therapy simply by increasing the number of dishes or flasks is not practical or economical. Here, we describe successful scaled‐up production of ESCs on microcarriers in a stirred culture system in a serum‐free medium. Cells expanded on CultiSpher S, Cytodex 3, and Collagen microcarriers showed superior cell‐fold expansions of 439, 193, and 68, respectively, without excessive agglomeration, compared with 27 in static culture. In addition, the ESCs maintained their pluripotency after long‐term culture (28 days) in serum‐free medium. This is the first time mESCs have been cultured on microcarriers without prior exposure to serum and/or fibroblasts, while also eliminating the excessive agglomeration plaguing earlier studies. These protocols provide an economical, practical, serum‐free means for expanding ESCs in a stirred suspension bioprocess. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
Impact of Voltage Resets on Supercapacitors Aging

Compared to Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors (SCs) boast longer lifespan, higher power density, and wider operational temperature range. Nevertheless, SCs are expensive (almost 40 times more expensive per watthour than Li-ion batteries). SCs aging is critical. Two types of aging tests are usually performed. Floating aging tests apply constant constraints (voltage and temperature), and cycling aging tests apply multiple charges and discharges. We focus our study on floating aging [corresponding for instance to parking mode for electrical vehicles (95% of the time) or uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) when they are not solicited (quite all the time)]. All results in the literature conclude that voltage level is an acceleration factor for SC aging. According to the literature, it would be interesting to totally discharge the SCs when they are not in active use (i.e., when the UPSs or vehicles are turned off) to improve their lifespan. Contrary to the literature forecasts (i.e., lower voltage increases lifespan of SC), the results obtained in this paper by alternating voltage resets (0 V, 60 °C) and floating aging (2.8 V, 60 °C) show that discharging even very few times the SCs shortens their lifespan drastically. Physical interpretations are presented to explain aging increase with voltage resets.
High-density CMOS interconnect realized on flexible organic substrate

High-density interconnect integrated circuits (ICs) have been realized on flexible organic substrate with the demonstration of excellent electrical yield and well maintained reliability. Long metal-via chain structures were pre-fabricated with 0.18-/spl mu/m Cu-backend technology on Si-substrate and later transferred onto the organic substrates with wafer-transfer technology. By optimizing the transfer process with thin FR-4 (4 mil /spl ap/0.1 mm), our results demonstrate that both Cu/USG and Cu/low-/spl kappa/ [Black-Diamond (BD)]-based interconnects can be reliably realized over the organic substrate. For via chain structures with via size /spl sim/0.26 /spl mu/m and via number /spl sim/10/sup 4/, the yields were /spl ges/90% and 85% at room temperature and at 100/spl deg/C, respectively. The dielectric breakdown field of the Cu/USG transferred interconnect ICs has been characterized to be /spl ges/5 MV/cm, which is comparable with the results on Si-substrate.
Toxin on a stick

Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is the first contact-dependent competition system identified in bacteria. CDI is mediated by the CdiA/CdiB two-partner secretion system, and the BamA outer membrane protein serves as the CDI receptor on target cells. A small immunity protein, CdiI, is required to protect inhibitor cells from their own CDI system. Recent results from our group show that CDI systems are present in a number of important gram-negative plant and animal pathogens. The C-terminal region of CdiA (CdiA-CT) is polymorphic and contains growth inhibitory activity. The CdiA-CT from uropathogenic Esherichia coli 536 is a tRNase whereas a CdiA-CT from Dickeya dadantii 3937 has DNase activity. Accordingly, these bacteria contain distinct CdiI proteins, which specifically bind and inactivate cognate CdiA-CT. Remarkably, CdiA-CTs are modular: one CdiA "stick" can deliver different CdiA-CT toxins. We discuss these findings as well as results showing that CDI plays an important role in intra-strain bacterial competition in the natural world. A detailed mechanistic understanding of CDI could facilitate development of probiotics and antimicrobials that target specific pathogens.
Perceived susceptibility measures are not interchangeable: absolute, direct comparative, and indirect comparative risk.

OBJECTIVE To provide an explanation of perceived susceptibility judgment that accounts for both inconsistencies among commonly used measures of perceived susceptibility (i.e., absolute risk, direct comparative risk, and indirect comparative risk) and their inconsistent relationships to disease risk factors. Inconsistencies are attributed to differential processing of general versus personal risk factors, coupled with the method of computation of the risk measures. DESIGN AND MEASURES Study 1 characterized risk factors as general versus personal. In Studies 2 and 3, community-residing adult women (ns = 432 and 147, respectively) rated perceived susceptibility to osteoporosis, breast cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, rated risk factors, and reported personal medical history. RESULTS Correlations and regression analyses mainly supported our characterization of the source of inconsistencies among susceptibility measures and their relationships to risk factors. CONCLUSION Perceived susceptibility measures are not interchangeable and can lead to opposite conclusions about correlates of perceived susceptibility. Researchers are cautioned against using indirect comparative measures, computed as difference scores, and are encouraged to use other methods to compel participants to consider the risk of others when making comparative judgments.
Iron Uptake and Ferritin Synthesis by Peripheral Blood Leucocytes in Patients with Primary Idiopathic Haemochromatosis

Summary. Iron uptake and storage in peripheral blood leucocytes has been studied to test the hypothesis that the basic lesion in idiopathic haemochromatosis resides in a failure of mononuclear phagocytic cells to store iron. In seven fully treated cases of this disease there was no evidence of any abnormality in iron uptake, synthesis of the storage protein ferritin or its ability to incorporate iron. The ferritin content of leucocytes was found to be increased.
Optimization of in vivo confocal autofluorescence imaging of the ocular fundus in mice and its application to models of human retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility and to identify sources of experimental variability of quantitative and qualitative fundus autofluorescence (AF) assessment in mice. METHODS Blue (488 nm) and near-infrared (790 nm) fundus AF imaging was performed in various mouse strains and disease models (129S2, C57Bl/6, Abca4(-/-), C3H-Pde6b(rd1/rd1), Rho(-/-), and BALB/c mice) using a commercially available scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Gray-level analysis was used to explore factors influencing fundus AF measurements. RESULTS A contact lens avoided cataract development and resulted in consistent fundus AF recordings. Fundus illumination and magnification were sensitive to changes of the camera position. Standardized adjustment of the recorded confocal plane and consideration of the pupil area allowed reproducible recording of fundus AF from the retinal pigment epithelium with an intersession coefficient of repeatability of ±22%. Photopigment bleaching occurred during the first 1.5 seconds of exposure to 488 nm blue light (∼10 mW/cm(2)), resulting in an increase of fundus AF. In addition, there was a slight decrease in fundus AF during prolonged blue light exposure. Fundus AF at 488 nm was low in animals with an absence of a normal visual cycle, and high in BALB/c and Abca4(-/-) mice. Degenerative alterations in Pde6b(rd1/rd1) and Rho(-/-) were reminiscent of findings in human retinal disease. CONCLUSIONS Investigation of retinal phenotypes in mice is possible in vivo using standardized fundus AF imaging. Correlation with postmortem analysis is likely to lead to further understanding of human disease phenotypes and of retinal degenerations in general. Fundus AF imaging may be useful as an outcome measure in preclinical trials, such as for monitoring effects aimed at lowering lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium.
Validity and Reliability of the Taiwanese Version of the General Fatigue Scale in Cancer Patients

Background: Fatigue has been described as the most frequent and distressing problem of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Taiwanese version of the General Fatigue Scale (GFS-T) and to evaluate the severity of the fatigue among breast cancer patients in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used, recruiting breast cancer patients from 2 medical centers in Taiwan. Patients completed the scale exploring their GFS-T, the Brief Fatigue Inventory–Taiwan Form, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status. The data were collected between the day before the first chemotherapy (T1) and 1 week after the first chemotherapy (T2). Results: A total of 171 patients participated in this study. Cronbach’s &agr; for the GFS-T at both time points both were . 94. Factor analysis generated 1 factor that accounted for 73.7% of variance in participants’ fatigue. The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggested that the GFS-T cut-point of 24 had an adequate combination of sensitivity and specificity to distinguish high and low performance status. The receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.75). Conclusions: The GFS-T is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing fatigue among cancer patients. Further research is needed to better understand predictors of cancer-related fatigue. Implications for Practice: The GFS-T can provide clinical nurses with a useful measure to assess fatigue in cancer patients.
A meta-analysis of the risk for psychotic disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants

Background There is increasing acceptance of migration as a risk factor for schizophrenia and related disorders; however, the magnitude of the risk among second-generation immigrants (SGIs) remains unclear. Generational differences in the incidence of psychotic disorders among migrants might improve our understanding of the relationship between migration, ethnicity and psychotic disorders. This meta-analysis aimed at determining the risk of psychotic disorders among SGIs in comparison with non-migrants and first-generation immigrants (FGIs). Method Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched systematically for population-based studies on migration and psychotic disorders published between 1977 and 2008. We also contacted experts, tracked citations and screened bibliographies. All potential publications were screened by two independent reviewers in a threefold process. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they reported incidence data, differentiated FGIs from SGIs and provided age-adjusted data. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted for each study. Results Twenty-one studies met all inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 61 effect sizes for FGIs and 28 for SGIs yielded mean-weighted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 2.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–2.7] for FGIs and 2.1 (95% CI 1.8–2.5) for SGIs. There was no significant risk difference between generations, but there were significant differences according to ethno-racial status and host country. Conclusions The increased risk of schizophrenia and related disorders among immigrants clearly persists into the second generation, suggesting that post-migration factors play a more important role than pre-migration factors or migration per se. The observed variability suggests that the risk is mediated by the social context.
Warm debris disks candidates in transiting planets systems

We have bandmerged candidate transiting planetary systems (from the Kepler satellite) and confirmed transiting planetary systems (from the literature) with the recent Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) preliminary release catalog. We have found 13 stars showing infrared excesses at either 12 μm and/or 22 μm. Without longer wavelength observations it is not possible to conclusively determine the nature of the excesses, although we argue that they are likely due to debris disks around the stars. If confirmed, our sample ~doubles the number of currently known warm excess disks around old main sequence stars. The ratios between the measured fluxes and the stellar photospheres are generally larger than expected for Gyr-old stars, such as these planetary hosts. Assuming temperature limits for the dust and emission from large dust particles, we derive estimates for the disk radii. These values are comparable to the planet’s semi-major axis, suggesting that the planets may be stirring the planetesimals in the system.
Economic, Political and Ethnic Influences on End-of-Life Decision-Making

Abstract Implementation of the Patient Self Determination Act (PSDA) a decade ago has been followed by considerable research examining usage of advance directives among patient populations as well as among health care professionals. This article summarizes the history of end-of-life medical treatment options and provides a discussion of critical economic, political, and legal events that preceded passage of the PSDA. A review of the literature during the decade that followed is presented including research exploring ethnic factors in the completion of advance directives. Barriers to completing advance directives by minority populations are discussed and considerations for policy makers are provided.