Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Content Feedback on Extroverted and Introverted English Learners' Reading Comprehension Ability

The present study aims to explore the effectiveness of content feedback (CF) embedded into reading strategies on L2 learners' reading comprehension ability across extrovert/introvert personality style. To do so, 35 pre-intermediate learners studying in a private language institute in Chaloos, Mazandaran, Iran took part in this study comprising the experimental and control groups. The study followed the test-treatment-retest design to quantitatively assess the effect of content feedback on the learners' improvement. As to the qualitative part of the study, the teacher-learner talks were analyzed through conversation analytic (CA) perspective to examine the efficiency of treatment sessions. Semi-structured interview was also deployed to qualitatively probe into the learners' perceptions about teaching reading. The qualitative and quantitative results revealed the positive effect of CF on the learners’ reading comprehension ability. It was also concluded that the extroverted learners outperformed the introverted ones. Moreover, the learners in the experimental group believed that benefiting from content feedback can arm them with better learning environment paving the way for their reading development. On implication side, the study suggests that teaching reading skill by applying effective strategies as well as content feedback can result in improving the learners’ reading comprehension ability since they are interacting with the teacher as well as their peers, allowing them to self-regulate the reading comprehension process.
Survey of staff attitudes to smoking in a large psychiatric hospital

AIMS AND METHOD The aim of this survey was to examine staff views on smoking at work in a large psychiatric hospital. A postal questionnaire was sent to all clinical staff ( n =1471) asking about their smoking habits and attitudes to smoking at work. RESULTS The response rate was 40.7%. Overall, 22.0% of respondents were smokers, with unqualified nursing staff having the highest rate (31.0%). The majority of staff did not favour a total ban on smoking by staff, patients or visitors. Smoking habit and profession influenced responses. Smokers and nurses were more permissive in their attitude towards smoking on wards than nonsmokers and psychiatrists. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Implementation of the government’s recommendations on tobacco control in psychiatric units is likely to require considerable preparatory work with staff to ensure full compliance.
Co-Infections from Zika and Chikungunya Virus in Bahia, Brazil Identified by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing

1 Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing 2 3 Silvia Sardi*, Sneha Somasekar*, Samia N. Naccache, Antonio Carlos Bandeira, 4 Laura B. Tauro, Gubio S. Campos, and Charles Y. Chiu 5 6 Affiliations: 7 Laboratory of Virology, Health Institute of Science, Federal University of Bahia, 8 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 9 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107 10 UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA 91407 11 Alianca Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 12 Gonçalo Moniz Research Center Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, 13
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Patients towards Orthodontic Treatment: A Multi-centric Study

Introduction: Patient’s perspective and cooperation on treatment procedure and service is very important to evaluate the management system and success of the orthodontic treatment. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Nepalese patients towards orthodontic treatment and to find the difference of perception between female and male patients. Materials & Method: A structured questionnaire comprising of fifteen questions in three sections was used among 536 orthodontic patients at eight orthodontic treatment centers. The knowledge, attitude and practice were assessed on Likert scale. The data were rescored based on positive, neutral or negative perceptions and depicted for a level. The difference in perception between female and male patients was tested using Mann-Whitney U test. Result: 85% of orthodontic patients possess good knowledge about ongoing orthodontic treatment; however about half of the patients are unaware about retainers. About 35% patients think that people wearing braces do not look good, 59% experience long waiting time, 25% feel time spent for procedure is inadequate and 68% believe orthodontic treatment is expensive; still 82% are happy about treatment outcome. Most of the patients brush and rinse more carefully, however 28.9% patients are careless about braces and 12.7% forget appointment dates. Conclusion: Nepalese orthodontic patients possess good knowledge about orthodontic treatment, however lack adequate attitude and practice towards the treatment. The practitioners should inform patients about retainers and be concerned about waiting time, procedure duration and cost of the treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ojn.v4i1. 11304 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.4(1) 2014; 6-11
SOLID FUEL FROM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBER AND WASTE PAPERS PART 7 : WATER ABSORPTION TEST

1.0 INTRODUCTION Producing energy from renewable biomass is only one of the various ways of responding to the challenges of the energy crisis. Since the oil crisis in 1970’s the use of biomass as a source of energy is a topic of growing interest and debate as agreed by Gómez-Loscos (2012), Tong and Li (2012), Arias (2011), Vaclav (2010), Fernando (2009), Kaygusuz and Keles (2008). Corley and Tinker (2008) in their book discuss in detail about oil palm in Malaysia. In 2004, Malaysia had about 3.87 million hectares of land under oil palm cultivation. Currently, more than 80 percent of the oil palm produced is used for food applications like cooking oil, frying oil and many others. Oil palm is a perennial crop. It has an economic life span of about 25 years. Traditionally, oil palm is grown for its oil example like palm oil, palm kernel oil, and palm kernel cake as the community products. Besides palm oil and palm kernel, oil palm industry generates large quantity of biomass residue which is side products as stated before like fronds, trunks, EFB, palm oil mill effluent, palm fibre and shell that have not been fully commercially exploited. Through concerted research and development efforts by many research organizations including Malaysian Oil Palm Board, this co – products from palm oil industry have been found to be good resources for many application such as palm oil fuel ash a biomass residue (Brown et al., 2011), oil palm as a viable concrete pozzalanic material (Foo and Hameed, 2009), Oil palm ash as partial replacement of cement for solidification/stabilization of nickel hydroxide sludge (Chun et al., 2008), oil palm ash in concrete (Tangchirapat et al., 2007). There are many competitive uses of these materials. One of them is to utilize them as a fuel for energy production but in term of biodiesel fuel. In fact, Malaysian government has identified biomass as fifth fuel resource to compliment the petroleum, gas, coal, and hydro as energy resources, while palm biomass has been identified as a single most important energy source as stated by Sumiani (2006). On the other hands, the main sources of biomass in Malaysia are domestic wastes, agricultural wastes, effluent sludge and wood chips (Yuhazri et al., 2011) and (Yuhazri et al., 2010). ABSTRACT
MEDICAL AND NURSING SERVICES AND PATIENTS' SATISFACTION LEVEL

Patients’ satisfaction is a complex phenomenon which is affected by different factors. Managers and care givers have to be aware of patients’ opinion about their services. Promoting quality of care depends on this issue. To assess the satisfaction level of patients in medical surgical wards, we conducted a cross-sectional study in which 400 patients, selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by interviewing and completing questionnaires. Findings revealed that 79% of patients were satisfied with services gained from physicians and 74% of them said that they were satisfied with nursing services. To sum up, promoting the satisfaction level of patients, we recommend purposeful considerations and interventions.
Hippocampal deep brain stimulation for drug resistant epilepsy in a rodent model

Animal models that closely resemble the characteristics of human epilepsy are essential for the elucidation of the pathophysiology and in the search for novel treatment strategies. In this study we describe the natural evolution of epilepsy in the systemic kainic acid post status epilepticus rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy and evaluate the presence of histopathological features of human TLE. Rats were implanted with depth EEG recording electrodes in the left and right hippocampus. Rats received repeated low-dose KA injections (5mg/kg) until induction of a self-sustained SE. Continuous EEG monitoring was started from the moment of KA injection and was continued during 30 weeks. Mortality due to KA injections was limited to 7%, while 100% of the surviving KA injected rats developed spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). The median duration of the electrographic SE was 10.5 to 11.5 hours depending on the analysis method. The latency to the first spontaneous electrographic seizure was 7.4 ± 0.7 days after SE. Mean seizure rate progression of all rats in the KA rat model followed a sigmoid curve from 1 ± 0.2 seizures per day during the second week after SE to 24.4 ± 6.4 seizures per day during week 30 after SE. Seizure rate progressed to a plateau phase 122 ± 9 days after SE in 8 out of 9 rats. Although the development of a high stable seizure rate according to a sigmoid function was similar for these rats, the individual seizure rate during the final plateau phase was quite variable with a minimum of 14.5 seizures per day and a maximum of 48.6 seizures per day. A circadian rhythm in seizure occurrence was observed in all rats. Histological features typically found in human TLE such as astrogliosis and aberrant mossy fiber sprouting were also observed in the post SE KA model. Correlation analysis of SE and seizure rate progression parameters shows that rats with a fast increase in seizure rate during the exponential growth phase have higher seizure rates when reaching the plateau phase, compared to rats with a slower exponential increase in seizure rate. This long-term EEG monitoring study shows that the post SE model obtained with repeated low-doses of KA injections has a low mortality and results into the occurrence of SRS in all surviving rats after a silent period of about 1 week. All rats experienced an exponential increase in seizure rate during the 30 week long EEG monitoring period and reached a plateau in 8 out 9 rats after 122 ± 9 days. All rats displayed extensive astrogliosis and mossy fiber sprouting 30 weeks after SE, which are typical histopathological features of human TLE.
Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Atrazine to Amphibian Larvae

صخلملا The effects of Atrazine contamination on amphibian larval stages were assessed, using acute and chronic toxicity in the laboratory. Tadpoles of Ptychadena bibroni at varying post-hatch developmental stages (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) were exposed to environmental relevant treatment concentrations of 200, 400, 600μg/L and 3, 30, 100μg/L for acute and chronic toxicity tests respectively. The effects were assessed by comparing mortality, glycogen levels and behavioral response of a control group and a group exposed to the pesticide. The American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) recommended semi-static renewal bioassay method to be employed, and LC50 was measured at 96 hours. Percentage of mortality increased with increase in concentration and exposure duration; but decreased as the tadpoles matured. Mean percentage mortality of tadpoles were significantly affected by concentrations and developmental stages . Derived 96 hours LC50 values decreased with increase in exposure duration but increased with each successive developmental stage. Estimated 96 hours LC50 ranged from 230.06 – 431.32μg/L. Glycogen levels varied negatively with concentrations, but it increased with each successive developmental stage. Mean glycogen level of tadpoles, exposed to Atrazine, were significantly different in the developmental stages but showed no significant difference with concentrations (F= 1.493, P>0.05). The above results of acute and chronic exposure to Atrazine indicate marked behavioral and physiological effect of Atrazine on Ptychadena tadpoles. Results obtained from this study would serve as a fundamental platform for development of Atrazine safety limits for monitoring the waters of the Niger Delta ecological zones of Nigeria. عدافضلا تاقري ىلع نيزارتأ يرشحلا ديبملاب ثولتلا راثأ مييقت مت ربتخملا ف ةنمزملا ةيمسلاو ةداحلاةيمسلا مادختساب . ضيرعت مت ثيح عدفضلا تاقري Ptychadena bibroni اهرمع غلابلا 1 و 2 و 3 و 4 زيآارتلل عيباسا 200 و 400 و 600 و رتللا يف مارجوركيم كلذآ 3 و 30 و 100 رتللا يف مارجوركيم . بسن ةنراقمب مييقتلا متو مل يتلا تاقريلاب ةيآولسلا تاباجتسلااو نيجوكيلاجلا ىوتسمو تايفولا ممستلل ضرعتت . ةيعمجلا ةقيرط بسح ةنراقملا تمتو ةيآريملاا (ASTM) تاصوحفلل . باسح متو LD50 دعب 96 ةعاس . دقل رتلا دايدزاب دادزت تايفولا ةبسن نا دجو هنكلو ضرعتلا ةدمو زيآ ةقريلا رمع داز املآ صقانتي . باسح نا دجو دقل LD50 ةدايزب صقانتي تحوارتو ةقريلا رمع ةدايزب عفتريو ةدملاو زيآرتلا LD50 نم 23.06 ىلا 431.32 رتللا يف مارجوركيام . نيجوكيلاجلا تايوتسم تصقانت ةقريلا رمع عم تدادزاو زيآرتلا عم . لا جئاتنلا لدتو دوجو ىلع ةقباس عدفضلا تاقري ىلع نيزارتأ يرشحلا ديبملل يجولويسفو يآولس ريثأت Ptychadena . ةمزلالا دودحلا عضول اساسأ جئاتنلا ةذه ربتعتو رجينلا اتلد هايمل ةيئيبلا قطانملا يف نيزارتلاا زيآارتل . © 2009 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved
79-EXPEDIENCE OF APPLICATION MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF SCHOOLCHILDREN ' S PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, many scientists from different countries of the world are working at the problem of improving the system of physical education for all age groups of the population [2]. To ensure full adaptation a person to the living conditions in modern settlements, require high level development of basic physical qualities. Therefore it is extremely important to conduct some scientific investigations, devoted to the process of physical education of pupils in schools and other educational institutions [3, 5]. Thorough analysis of the domestic and foreign scientific literature suggests that in our time many scientists continue to find the optimal ways to improve the system of physical education in schools, and this direction of research work is considered one of the most important in the field of physical culture and sports [1, 7]. Harmonious development of the basic physical qualities of a person in his or her childhood and adolescence is an extremely important not only for adaptation to conditions in modern society, but also to successful performing difficult and responsible work assignments in the future [4]. In the course of most kinds of professional activity, in general, are used such physical qualities, as strength, endurance, agility, flexibility, and many others. So, for the full development of these qualities the process of their formation must be started in childhood and continued for a long period of time [9]. In order to successful implementation modern system of physical training of schoolchildren, designed to develop their basic physical qualities, it is necessary to use such mode of physical loads, which is sufficient for the formation of these physical qualities, but will not harmful for health of all schoolchildren. As a rule, the implementation of this complicated process requires the participation of skilled specialists and large resource of time [6, 10]. The results of research works, carried out in many countries in recent years, strongly suggests, that scientists, working in many different countries of the world, are making significant efforts to create a universal global system of physical, intellectual and spiritual education of the people, aimed at preserving and strengthening their health [8].
An Investigation of the Factors that Influence Maternal Encouragement of Healthy Diets for their Preadolescent Daughters

Childhood overweight has reached epidemic levels in the United States. Twenty percent of U.S. children are overweight or obese. This problem is likely to carry into adulthood with increased risk of certain cancers and cardiovascular problems. It has also been demonstrated that diets of preadolescent girls are strongly influenced by their mothers in terms of communication, modeling, and regulation. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, the factors that influence mothers to communicate encouragement of a healthy diet for their preadolescent daughters were studied in an effort to reduce female child overweight and subsequent negative consequences. A websurvey (N = 104) with mothers with at least one preadolescent daughter was conducted. Attitude toward encouraging their daughters to eat healthily, the most likely subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control all significantly influenced intention to communicate encouragement to daughters to eat healthily. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Differences in recruitment order of motor units in phasic and tonic flexion reflex in `spinal man'

The recruitment order of motoneurones in muscle contractions has been held to be largely constant and determined by the size of the cell. However, as shown in a previous investigation using electromyographic techniques, the order in which different motor units are activated during voluntary muscle contractions changes in normal human subjects on shifts from phasic to tonic contraction. In order to investigate these two types of activity also in cases in which the cerebral influence on the motoneurone pool is blocked, an analysis was made of the recruitment order in phasic and tonic flexion reflexes in 10 patients with total interruption of the spinal cord. The following four principles were found to apply and presumed to be generally valid for the isolated human spinal cord: (1) in the phasic exteroceptive reflex, the order of recruitment varies despite application of a standardized stimulus; (2) in the tonic reflex, the first unit to be recruited is usually the same even with widely different types of stimuli; (3) a shift from phasic to tonic reflex activation may result in considerable changes in recruitment order; (4) after facilitation by a subliminal long-lasting stimulus, the first unit to be recruited in the phasic reflex is also the first to be recruited in the tonic reflex. It is suggested that a tonic influence on the motoneurone pool is required for the presupposed constancy of the recruitment order.
3 Measurement of Soil Respiration

Within terrestrial ecosystems, the soil CO2 efflux is one of the largest carbon flux components. The global efflux of carbon from the soil is estimated between 50 and 75 Gt C year–1 and makes up 20–40 % of the total annual input of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Houghton and Woodwell 1989; Raich and Schlesinger 1992; Schimel 1995). The magnitude of the soil flux is similar to that of the net primary productivity (Houghton and Woodwell 1989). It has been suggested that as global temperature rises, enhanced decomposition of the large soil carbon stock (1580 _ 1015 g; Schimel 1995), especially in the high northern latitudes, might increase the input of carbon into the atmosphere (Gordon et al. 1987; Kirschbaum 1995; Trumbore et al. 1996; Zimov et al. 1996). However, the effect of a temperature increase on the decomposition rate is still unsolved and a point of discussion. Others suggest that decomposition rates in forest soils are not controlled by temperature (Liski et al. 1999; Giardina and Ryan 2000). Besides the potential temperature-induced feedback, changes in land use and forest management, which do affect the storage of carbon in the soil, were important points of discussion throughout the negotiations of the Kyoto protocol. Therefore, understanding the processes underlying the exchange of carbon from and into the soil is needed to make “management of the net carbon budget” possible (IGBP Terrestrial Carbon Working Group 1998). The efflux of CO2 from the soil originates from different sources. Decomposition of organic matter (heterotrophic respiration) and respiration by living roots (autotrophic respiration) are the two main sources, but chemical oxidation and carbonate dissolution may also contribute to the total flux (Burton and Beauchamp 1994). The contribution of the diverse sources to the total flux is difficult to obtain. Reported estimates of the contribution of root respiration to the total soil CO2 efflux in forests range from 10 to 90 % (Tate et al. 1993; Thierron and Laudelout 1996; Hanson et al. 2000) and an average of 45 % is given by Landsberg and Gower (1997). However, part of the observed Ecological Studies Vol 164, page proofs as of September 6, 2002
Efficacy of BASNEF Model in Controlling ofDiabetic Patients in the City of Yazd. Iran.

Although many considerations were made by developed countries to control infectious diseases resulted in increasing the age of individuals, non contagious diseases did not have the same attention. Diabetes is one of those disease which has now become a major global health problem1. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 100 million people worldwide are suffering from diabetes disease (about 6% of adults). It is however predicted that it may reach up to 240 million by 2010. This figure is expected to rise to 40% in some regions of the world2,3,4.
Migration , remittances , labor market and human capital in Senegal working paper 2016-10

This study investigates how migration and remittances affect labour market participation in Senegal. Further, it examines the effect of remittances on human capital development. The results reveal that migration and remittances reduce labour market participation of household members with migrants. More importantly, we find that the labour market participation depends negatively on the level of remittances, which supports the reservation wage theory. We also find that remittances increase expenditures on human capital development, as approximated by education and health spending. These findings hold true across specifications and econometric estimation procedures. JEL Classification: F22, F24, J21, J24
Red Cell Alloimmunization in Repeatedly Transfused Thalassemia Major Patients

Thalassemia major patients managed by regular transfusion regimen may develop anti-red cell alloimmunization. If the alloantibodies are hemolyzing in nature, transfusion reaction may occur, and provision of blood thereafter requires matching of the relevant blood group in addition to ‘ABO” and Rh ‘D’ matching. We investigated 75 cases of multiply transfused thalassemia major patients for development of alloantibodies against red cells by indirect antiglobulin test, using 3-red cell panel, and when required 11-red cell panel. Anti-red cell alloantibodies were detected in 17 (22.7%) patients. Anti-Kp a antibodies were the commonest, followed by Anti-e, anti-E and anti-K antibodies, respectively. Anti-k, -C W , -Fy b , -Kp b , -Rh ‘D’ and –c were detected in one patient each. It is concluded that in multiply transfused patients, alloantibodies develop in a significant number of patients. The hemolyzing nature of antibodies should be determined in patients who develop these antibodies, and transfusion should be arranged accordingly