Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure-function studies of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein, p17

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) matrix protein, p17, plays important roles in both the early and late stages of the viral life cycle. Using our previously determined solution structure of p17, we have undertaken a rational mutagenesis program aimed at mapping structure-function relationships within the molecule. Amino acids hypothesized to be important for p17 function were mutated and examined for effect in an infectious proviral clone of HIV-1. In parallel, we analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the structure of recombinant p17 protein containing such substitutions. These analyses identified three classes of mutants that were defective in viral replication: (i) proteins containing substitutions at internal residues that grossly distorted the structure of recombinant p17 and prevented viral particle formation, (ii) mutations at putative p17 trimer interfaces that allowed correct folding of recombinant protein but produced virus that was defective in particle assembly, and (iii) substitution of basic residues in helix A that caused some relocation of virus assembly to intracellular locations and produced normally budded virions that were completely noninfectious.
Experimental Infection of Dogs and Monkeys with Two Rabies Serogroup Viruses, Lagos Bat and Mokola (IbAn 27377). Gross Pathologic and Histopathologic Changes

Dogs and monkeys were inoculated intracerebrally or intramuscularly with Lagos bat virus or Mokola virus, two viruses serologically and morphologically related to rabies virus. All animals inoculated intracerebrally died, but some animals inoculated intramuscularly survived. One monkey inoculated intramuscularly with Lagos bat virus survived with a hemiparesis. In both dogs and monkeys that died there was a nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis and ganglionitis. Lesions were more extensive than those reported after infection with street rabies virus. Intracytoplasmic inclusions, morphologically indistinguishable from Negri bodies, were seen in the central nervous system of monkeys, but not dogs, that died. With fluorescent-antibody microscopy, granular aggregations of viral antigen were observed in the cytoplasm of many neurons in the central nervous system. In some animals, the retina and ciliary body of the eye had focal inflammatory changes.
Fixed prosthodontics in adults in Jönköping, Sweden in 1983 and 1993. An epidemiological study of prevalence and choice of material.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of fixed prostheses, i.e. single crowns and fixed partial dentures, in adults 20-80 years old in two cross-sectional studies carried out in 1983 and 1993 and to analyse whether the choice of material for fixed prostheses had changed during this time period. The material comprised 586 and 593 individuals. A descriptive analysis of number of individuals with fixed prostheses was made concerning the number of crowns and pontics, the distribution in the jaws, and the materials used. The prevalence of individuals with fixed prostheses was shown to increase with age both in 1983 and 1993. In 1993 the number of individuals with fixed prostheses was slightly lower than in 1983 (44 and 48 percent respectively). There was no difference according to gender. The proportion of individuals with fixed prostheses was lower or almost unchanged in the 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, and 80-year-olds in 1993 compared to 1983. In the 70-year-olds, however, the proportion of individuals with fixed prostheses was considerably higher in 1993 compared to 1983. Most individuals with fixed prostheses had a small number of crowned teeth, and about half of the individuals had not more than four crowned teeth. Likewise most individuals with pontics had a small number of pontics. The distributions of crowned teeth and pontics in the jaws were similar in 1983 and 1993. Pontics and crowns were more frequent in the upper than in the lower jaw. Crowns made of porcelain or metal ceramic had increased by 1993 in the 30-80 year age groups, and the study thus confirms general clinical experience that porcelain and metal ceramic are more often the materials of choice in fixed prosthodontics in adults today.
Adeno-Associated Virus Major Rep78 Protein Disrupts Binding of TATA-Binding Protein to the p97 Promoter of Human Papillomavirus Type 16

ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is known to inhibit the promoter activities of several oncogenes and viral genes, including the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6 and E7 transforming genes. However, the target elements of AAV on the long control region (LCR) upstream of E6 and E7 oncogenes are elusive. A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay was performed to study the effect of AAV on the transcription activity of the HPV-16 LCR in SiHa (HPV-positive) and C-33A (HPV-negative) cells. The results reveal that (i) AAV inhibited HPV-16 LCR activity in a dose-dependent manner, (ii) AAV-mediated inhibition did not require the HPV gene products, and (iii) the AAV replication gene product Rep78 was involved in the inhibition. Deletion mutation analyses of the HPV-16 LCR showed that regulatory elements outside the core promoter region of the LCR may not be direct targets of AAV-mediated inhibition. Further study with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that Rep78 interfered with the binding of TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box of the p97 core promoter more significantly than it disrupted the preformed TBP-TATA complex. These data thus suggest that Rep78 may inhibit transcription initiation of the HPV-16 LCR by disrupting the interaction between TBP and the TATA box of the p97 core promoter.
Spectrum of cisplatin-induced mutations in Escherichia coli.

Using a forward-mutation assay based on the inactivation of the tetracycline-resistance gene located on plasmid pBR322, we have determined the mutation spectrum induced in Escherichia coli by cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)], a widely used antitumor drug. Cisplatin is known to form mainly intrastrand diadducts at ApG and GpG sites. We found that cisplatin efficiently induces mutations in an SOS-dependent way (i.e., dependent upon UV irradiation of the host bacteria). More than 90% of the mutations are single-base-pair substitutions occurring at the potential sites of cisplatin adducts (ApG and GpG). Taking into account the relative proportions of ApG and GpG adducts, we found that the ApG adducts are at least 5 times more mutagenic than the GpG adducts. Moreover, a strong mutation specificity was seen at the 5' side of the ApG adducts (A X T----T X A transversions). The observation that most mutations occur at the 5' end of the adduct at both ApG and GpG sites is discussed in relation to recent structural data.
Endocrine effects of adjuvant letrozole + triptorelin compared with tamoxifen + triptorelin in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer.

PURPOSE To compare the endocrine effects of 6 months of adjuvant treatment with letrozole + triptorelin or tamoxifen + triptorelin in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer within an ongoing phase 3 trial (Hormonal Adjuvant Treatment Bone Effects study). PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospectively collected hormonal data were available for 81 premenopausal women, of whom 30 were assigned to receive tamoxifen + triptorelin and 51 were assigned letrozole + triptorelin +/- zoledronate. Serum 17-beta-estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Delta4-androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, progesterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were measured at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. For each hormone, 6-month values were compared between treatment groups by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney exact test. RESULTS Median age was 44 years for both groups of patients. Letrozole + triptorelin (+/- zoledronate) induced a stronger suppression of median E2 serum levels (P = .0008), LH levels (P = .0005), and cortisol serum levels (P < .0001) compared with tamoxifen + triptorelin. Median FSH serum levels were suppressed in both groups, but such suppression was lower among patients receiving letrozole, who showed significantly higher median FSH serum levels (P < .0001). No significant differences were observed for testosterone, progesterone, ACTH, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION Letrozole in combination with triptorelin induces a more intense estrogen suppression than tamoxifen + triptorelin in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer.
Phase Transformation at High Temperatures in Hafnia and Zirconia

Phase transformation curves for HfO2 and ZrO2 have been made. Transformation hysteresis is discussed. The transformation of monoclinic to tetragonal as temperature increases occurs over the range 1000� to 1200�C in ZrO2, and 1500� to 1600�C in HfO2. With decreasing temperature the transition back to monoclinic occurs from 970� to 750�C in ZrO2 and 1550� to 1450�C in HfO2. These transformations have been visually observed in ZrO2, but not in HfO2.
TNF-&agr; INHIBITS TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 EXPRESSION ON MONOCYTIC CELLS VIA TRISTETRAPROLIN DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a major role in regulating the innate immune response, which is related to postoperative complications. Although inflammatory capacity and TNF-&agr; synthesis were altered on monocytes after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), whether the CPB and the CPB-induced TNF-&agr; affect TLR4 expression on monocytes have not yet clarified. We speculate that the changing of TNF-&agr; level during CPB may be involved in monocytic TLR4 expression. As previous report, our enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that CPB elevated the plasma level of TNF-&agr;, whereas off-pump cardiac surgery does not. Flow cytometry reported decreased levels of monocytic TLR4 in patients undergoing CPB but not undergoing off-pump cardiac surgery. To elucidate whether the CPB-induced TNF-&agr; is related to TLR4 down-regulation, we used human monocytic THP-1 cells. Actinomycin D chase experiments demonstrated that TNF-&; decreased TLR4 expression and TLR4 mRNA stability on THP-1. Confocal microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that TNF-&agr; induced intracellular tristetraprolin (TTP) expression. Transfection with TTP siRNA reversed the down-regulation of TLR4 in TNF-&agr;-stimulated THP-1. Treatment with ERK1/2 inhibitor and SAPK/JNK inhibitor decreased TNF-&agr;-induced TTP expression. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis showed that the TNF-&agr;-mediated activation of TTP might be inhibited by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor and by PD98059. We also demonstrated in clinical samples with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry that CPB led to an elevation of TTP in monocytes. In conclusion, CPB and TNF-&agr; decrease TLR4 expression on monocytes; TTP expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase-signaling pathways play critical roles in CPB- and TNF-&agr;-mediated decreases of TLR4 on monocytes. Our results suggest that using TTP to control cytokine message decay rate may be a promising approach for controlling system inflammation and preventing post-CPB complications.
The Role of Dynamic Capabilities in Responding to Digital Disruption: A Factor-Based Study of the Newspaper Industry

Abstract Internet and digitization are fundamentally changing and disrupting newspaper companies’ traditional operating models. Disruptive innovation theory offers explanations for why companies succeed or fail to respond to disruptive innovations. This study builds on disruptive innovation theory by ascertaining the role of dynamic capabilities in the performance of response to digital disruption. Empirical results suggest that first-order dynamic capabilities that are created by changing, extending, or adapting a firm’s existing resources, processes, and values are positively associated with building digital platform capabilities, and that these capabilities impact the performance of response to digital disruption. For information systems (IS) researchers, this study clarifies the role of first-order dynamic capabilities in responding to digital disruption. For IS practice, it helps managers to focus on the most promising factors for creating first-order dynamic capabilities, for building digital platform capabilities, and for reinventing their core functions to accelerate digitization.
Heterogeneity and Disorder in Ti{1-x}Fe{y}O{2-d) Nanocrystal Rutile-based Flower Like Aggregates: Detection of Anatase

Here we report results of systematic investigation of heterogeneity and disorder in Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub y}O{sub 2-d} nanorod rutile-based flowerlike aggregates. It was found that Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub y}O{sub 2-d} aggregates are composed of two crystalline phases: rutile as a dominant and anatase as a minor phase. Flowerlike aggregates were found to grow from an isometric core ca. 5-10 nm in diameter that was built from anatase and rutile nanorods ca. 5 x 100 nm that were grown on the anatase surface having base plane (001) intergrowth with an anatase plane. The direction of rutile nanorods growth, i.e., direction of the nanorod elongation, was [001]. Highly nonisometric rutile crystals produce anisotropic X-ray powder diffraction line broadening and doubling of vibrational bands in Raman spectra. Both these techniques confirmed nonisometric character of rutile crystals and gave a quantitative measure of crystal shape anisotropy in excellent agreement with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements. In addition, from the atomic pair distribution function and Raman spectral analyses the level of vacancy concentration was determined in rutile and anatase phases of investigated samples.
Evaluation of Random Urine Sample Protein-Cretinine Ratio as an Index of Quantitative Proteinuria

The present study was conducted to find out a correlation between protein to creatinine (PC) ratio in random sample and 24 hr. urinary protein (UP) in patients with proteinuria with normal renal functions (serum cretinine 4.0mg%) -group-III. 24 hr. and a random urine sample was taken for each patient and was tested for protein and creatinine. PC ratio was found in each random sample. The mean 24 hr.UP (g/24 hr.) estimated by 24 hr. urine collection was 1.15± 0.97, 3.26 ±1.34 and 7.39±2.19 in group I, II and III respectively. However, the mean UP estimated by random sample was 1.35±1.09, 3.94±1.93 and 10.38±3.70 in group-1, group-II and group-III respectively. P value was statistically insignificant in group 1 & II. However, there was significant difference in values in group-III (P=0.012). Coefficient of correlation on univariate analysis was r=0.889 in group-I, 0.788 in group-II and 0.375 in group-III indicating a significant correlation in results in groupI and II and not in group-III. The results in the study have shown that single voided urine method of estimating quantitative proteinuria holds its value in patients with normal, as well as in mild to moderately impaired renal functions. However, this method does not hold good for patients with severely impaired renal functions.
Human neutrophil elastase and elastase/alpha 1-antiprotease complex in cystic fibrosis. Comparison with interstitial lung disease and evaluation of the effect of intravenously administered antibiotic therapy.

In cystic fibrosis (CF), extracellular lung matrix is progressively damaged, neutrophils invade the air spaces, and activated neutrophils may release large amounts of neutrophil elastase (NE). Although alpha 1-antiprotease (alpha 1-AP) binds and inactivates NE and is the major antielastase of the lower respiratory tract, antielastase defenses may be overwhelmed in CF, leading to progressive lung damage. To determine whether the ability of alpha 1-AP to neutralize NE is impaired in CF, we compared NE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and human neutrophil elastase/alpha 1-antiprotease (NE/alpha 1-AP) complex in both BAL fluid and peripheral blood serum from patients with CF, normal volunteers, and patients with interstitial lung disease. We detected a considerable amount of NE activity in BAL fluid from all but one patient with CF but none in that from normal volunteers or from patients with interstitial lung disease. Although in interstitial lung disease there was a significant correlation between increased NE/alpha 1-AP complex in BAL or peripheral blood and the degree of neutrophil influx, NE/alpha 1-AP complex was disproportionately low in CF BAL compared with significantly elevated values in serum. These data suggest that in CF, alpha 1-AP-mediated defense against free NE in the lower respiratory tract is significantly impaired, and high levels of uncomplexed, enzymatically active, NE are present in CF respiratory secretions. To determine whether intravenously administered antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy for exacerbations of CF lung disease diminished the amount of free NE in respiratory secretions, we used BAL to investigate the effect of such therapy on neutrophils and NE in patients with CF colonized with pseudomonads. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Une théorie des constructions

On propose une synthese de differents systemes de types: la theorie des types de Martin-Loef, le calcul d'ordre superieur de Girard, et le calcul automath de De Bruijn. Le resultat fondamental de ce travail est une preuve de coherence du calcul ainsi obtenu (la theorie des constructions). D'apres les resultats de Girard, ce systeme a la puissance d'expression de l'arithmetique d'ordre superieure. Les exemples developpes sont de deux ordres: en logique (on retrouve les differents systemes logiques connus) et en informatique (le type etant alors la specification du programme)
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of nurses in small bowel capsule endoscopy reading

Introduction Increasing demands on healthcare systems mean that nurses are taking on more roles as physician extenders. Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a laborious procedure where specialist nurses could reduce physician workload and rationalise resource utilisation. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to consolidate data on nurses' performance in small bowel CE (SBCE). Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted for randomised controlled trials and comparative studies on nurses in SBCE reading compared to physicians. We examined the performance of nurses compared to SBCE-trained physicians. Results Sixteen relevant studies were identified, with 820 SBCE examinations involving 20 nurses. 11/16 studies reported the numbers of SBCE findings detected. Overall, the pooled proportion of all findings reported by physicians and nurses was 86%. Studies involving nurses with endoscopic experience showed a summative detection rate of 89%. 7/16 studies reported the number of videos where there was agreement between the nurse and physicians for overall findings/diagnosis. The overall proportion of videos with agreement was 68%. In studies where nurses had endoscopy experience, the proportion of videos with agreement was 71%. Conclusion Our meta-analysis supports a more active role for nurses in SBCE reading. We suggest nurses can function as independent CE readers in general, given adequate training and formal credentialing.
Joint Doppler and Channel Estimation for High-Speed Railway Wireless Communication with Massive ULA

This paper investigates joint maximum likelihood (ML) Doppler shift and channel estimation problem for high speed railway (HSR) wireless communication systems with applying massive uniform linear array (ULA). For characterizing the performance of the considered scenarios, we provide a tractable framework for analyzing the performance of on Doppler shift estimation. Furthermore, the analytical expressions of ML channel estimation are derived, under the joint consideration of Doppler shift. Both analysis match their corresponding Cramer-Rao Bounds (CRBs) well. Finally, simulation results are provided to corroborate our proposed studies.
Ankle Joint Range of Motion Measurements in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children: Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability and Reproducibility of Goniometry and Visual Estimation

The aim of this study was to assess the intra- and interobserver reliability and reproducibility of goniometry and visual estimation of ankle joint range of motion measurements in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Forty-six ankles of 24 spastic cerebral palsy children were measured under a strict protocol. The global mean measurement error was 5°(SD, 5°) for intra- and interobserver measurements and 3° (SD, 3°) for goniometry versus visual estimation. Statistical analysis showed a high reliability for intra- and interobserver measurements (r>0.75), between visual estimation and goniometry (correlation coefficient, r>0.967; concordance coefficient, r>0.957). Both visual estimation and goniometry ankle range-of-motion measurements are reliable and reproducible in spastic cerebral palsy children if a strict but simple protocol is applied.
Association of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs with Q-T interval prolongation.

PURPOSE The association of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs with Q-T interval prolongation is reviewed. SUMMARY Prolongation of the Q-T interval can be of particular concern to practitioners when prescribing antidepressants and antipsychotics. Patients may be at a greater risk for developing fatal arrhythmias when taking many of these drugs. In general, antipsychotics cause Q-T interval prolongation at a higher rate than do antidepressants. The typical antipsychotics thioridazine, pimozide, and intravenous haloperidol all have the highest potential for Q-T interval prolongation. The tricyclic antidepressants have a higher rate of Q-T interval prolongation than do selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly at higher concentrations and in cases of overdose. In addition, nonpharmacologic risk factors such as existing heart disease, female sex, electrolyte abnormalities, hepatic insufficiency, and stimulant drug abuse contribute to the risk for developing these arrhythmias, as do pharmacologic factors such as multidrug therapy and high dosages of drugs known to prolong the Q-T interval. Risk factors may be identified in the patient's history and demographic information. However, all pharmacists may not have this information readily available to them. CONCLUSION Antipsychotics cause Q-Tc interval prolongation at a higher rate than do antidepressants, and the typical anti-psychotics thioridazine, pimozide, and i.v. haloperidol all have the highest potential for Q-Tc interval prolongation. Tricyclic antidepressants have a higher rate of Q-Tc interval prolongation than do the SSRIs, particularly at higher concentrations and in overdose situations. The frequency of adverse events associated with drug-induced Q-T interval prolongation is unknown.
The cone photoreceptor mosaic of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus

Abstract Recent empirical and theoretical evidence has implicated the geometrical birefringence of the double cones of the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) as the biophysical basis of this vertebrate’s sensitivity to polarized light. Because of the intimate link between the organization of the cone-photoreceptor mosaic and the psychophysical details of polarization sensitivity, we have examined the structural features of the green sunfish cone-photoreceptor mosaic, in particular the orientation of the elliptical cross sections of the double cones. Our primary observations are that (1) the arrangement of the cone-photoreceptor mosaic is constant across the retina (with two regional exceptions), with double cones arranged in a rhombic mosaic and aligned roughly ±45 deg to the nearest retinal margin; (2) the double-cone/single-cone ratio is everywhere the same; (3) cone density is inhomogeneous across the retina, with the highest densities in the temporal hemiretina. These results are discussed as they relate to the animal’s retinal growth and visual mechanisms, particularly the sensitivity to polarized light.