Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Policy options for sustainability and resilience in potato value chains in Bihar: a system dynamics approach

Potatoes are an important crop for food security in Bihar, providing significant income generating activities for participating farmers and an additional source of diet diversification for consumers. Recent reforms to the Agriculture Production Market Committee (APMC) Act and improvements in state-wide governance have provided further incentives for investment in the potato sector, particularly in cold storage facilities that can mitigate seasonal price fluctuations and improve the availability of potatoes. At the same time, climate change could have severe ramifications on the potato sector in Bihar, with some forecasts predicting a decline in yields of over 20 percent in the coming decades. In this paper, we look at the quantitative impacts over time of different investment, trade, and policy scenarios in the potato value chain, particularly those that can mitigate climate change effects, using a system dynamics model of the potato value chain that builds on previous qualitative studies (e.g. Minten et al. 2011). Preliminary results highlight that reducing storage costs, either through subsidies or increased competition, could reduce the price variability inherent with climatic shocks. On the other hand, encouraging conventional types of cold storage could have additional feedback effects that exacerbate climatic shocks, suggesting a need to consider “climate-smart” investments. Published by Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Comparison theorems for Gromov–Witten invariants of smooth pairs and of degenerations

We consider four approaches to relative Gromov-Witten theory and Gromov-Witten theory of degenerations: Jun Li's original approach, Bumsig Kim's logarithmic expansions, Abramovich-Fantechi's orbifold expansions, and a logarithmic theory without expansions due to Gross-Siebert and Abramovich-Chen. We exhibit morphisms relating these moduli spaces and prove that their virtual fundamental classes are compatible by pushforward through these morphisms. This implies that the Gromov-Witten invariants associated to all four of these theories are identical.
The Consolidation of the Global Brewing Industry and Wealth Effects from Mergers and Acquisitions

The brewing industry has recently experienced increased merger activity. This paper analyzes the shortterm wealth effects of horizontal mergers and acquisitions on acquirers in the brewing industry. Based on a sample of 69 takeover announcements between 1998 and 2010, significant positive announcement returns were identified. In addition, the study finds significant positive returns for domestic transactions as well as cross-border deals involving targets in emerging markets. Other identified drivers of shortterm success include transaction size, acquirer size and the targetâ€™s public status. Furthermore, significant negative rival effects are identified across leading brewing groups, when missing a potential M&A opportunity.
Model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses

We develop a new approach to extracting model-independent information from observations of strong gravitational lenses. The approach is based on the generic properties of images near the fold and cusp catastrophes in caustics and critical curves. Observables used are the relative image positions, the magnification ratios and ellipticities of extended images, and time delays between images with temporally varying intensity. We show how these observables constrain derivatives and ratios of derivatives of the lensing potential near a critical curve. Based on these measured properties of the lensing potential, classes of parametric lens models can then easily be restricted to such parameter values compatible with the measurements, thus allowing fast scans of large varieties of models. Applying our approach to a representative galaxy (JVAS B1422+231) and a galaxy-cluster lens (MACS J1149.5+2223), we show which model-independent information can be extracted in those cases and demonstrate that the parameters obtained by our approach for known parametric lens models agree well with those found by detailed model fitting.
Patients, performance and parlours:the perception and socially constructed practises ofdental sedation clinics

Conscious Sedation is a pharmacological intervention which enables anxious patients to have dental treatment. Although there is a strong research tradition into the efficacy of sedation modalities, there is a weak evidence base for the experience of sedation by those who use it. The aim of this thesis was to explore patients’, referrers’ and providers’understandings and experiences of conscious sedation and the Secondary Care Sedation Clinics which use it. A qualitative study was undertaken of stakeholders’ experiences of conscious sedation provided by five Secondary Care Sedation Clinics within the United Kingdom. Data were collected through thirty one semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and subsequently analysed using a constant comparative method. The data show that sedation and secondary care sedation clinics are imbued with a variety of interpretations by differing participants. Patients primarily perceive sedation clinics as access points for addressing dental needs, whilst clinicians also anticipate an influential role in rehabilitating patients to primary care and recognise the importance of such settings for training future dentists. Successful sedation provision requires a variety of work, and sedation clinics play a hosting role to visiting patients as hinterlands to the dental world. The outcome of patients’engagement with sedation clinics varies from breaking avoidant patterns to creating a cycle of sedation dependency, whilst the process of sedation performance has a potential negative impact for providers. 2 The purposes and processes reported by participants mirror those of Victorian domestic parlours. This thesis suggests a novel theoretical construct of clinical ‘Parlours’. Such frontier social structures provide safe interaction for patients in a temporarily hosting environment. They require front-stage performance augmented by back-stage work, and seek to influence patients in the long-term whilst providing short-term clinical services. Further research is required to explore the transferability of such a concept to other clinical settings.
Do Cost Leadership Strategy and Process Innovation Influence the Performance of Malaysia Hotel Industry

This research used strategy implementation perspective and strategic alignment of organizational strategies to investigate the link of cost leadership strategy, process innovation and organizational performance in context of Malaysia hotel industry. The purpose is to show that cost leadership strategy and process innovation have a significant impact on organizational performance. The paper designed a mail and email survey that was sent to top and middle level managers in three stars and above rated hotels, which resulted in 54 usable surveys. The results show that cost leadership significantly affects the process innovation and process innovation also significantly affects the organizational performance. Furthermore, the results show that process innovation mediates the cost leadership strategy and organizational performance link. Consequently, the hotel managers, perhaps make strategic decisions by simultaneously develop cost leadership and process innovation to obtain superior organizational performance and competitive advantage.
The Impact of a College Career Intervention Program on Career Decision Self-Efficacy, Career Indecision, and Decision-Making Difficulties

A quasi-experimental longitudinal intervention study utilizing intervention and comparison groups was carried out with first-year Malaysian college students in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a careers course designed to help students in their career decision-making. Participants in both groups were given questionnaires assessing career decision self-efficacy (CDSE), career indecision, and career decision-making difficulties at various time points. Career indecision and decision-making difficulties (CDDs) are different constructs in that research on career indecision encompasses a wider area wherein the identification of sources of career indecision, often referred to as decision-making difficulties, is one line of research. Gender differences at the outset and over the duration of the course were also examined. Results indicated that upon completion of the course participants in the intervention group experienced increased CDSE and reduced career indecision compared to the comparison group. An overall decrease in career decision-making difficulties was also observed, but further investigation revealed that the decrease was not significant in 1 of 10 subcategories of difficulties. Although gender differences in career indecision and career decision-making difficulties were observed at the outset, these disappeared over the course of the intervention. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
High-gradient studies on 11. 4 GHz copper accelerator structures

This paper is a progress report on studies carried out at SLAC to assess the high-gradient behavior of 11.4 GHz copper accelerator structures for future linear colliders. the structures which have been examined in the last year are a 7-cavity standing-wave (SW) section and a 30-cavity traveling-wave (TW)section. Both structures are of the constant-impedance uniform-aperture type with a 2{mu}/3 phase shift per cavity. The results presented here included new information on RF breakdown, field emission, RF processing and dark current. the captured dark current depends on the rise time of the RF pulse.
Extracting document features to improve classification and clustering

ion, applied sciences, arts, belief, culture, events, geography, health, health science, history, mathematics, nature, natural sciences, people, personal life, philosophy, religion, science, self, self-care, social sciences, society, surnames, technology, thought Category sizes are wildly varying, some comprise of a single article, others carrying more than 1000, although there is a constant effort to split large categories into more manageable ones. In addition to categories, there are also so called portals, on one hand classifying the above main categories into twelve groups (for example joining “Health”, “Self-care” and “Health science” under the title “Health and fitness”), and on the other hand providing a short list of the most popular and important sub-categories. Let us see a document about the chemical compound pantopon, in its original Wiki markup form: ’’’Pantopon’’’ is a preparation of [[opiates]] made up of all of the [[alkaloids]] present in [[opium]] in their natural proportions as [[hydrochloride]] salts. It can sometimes be tolerated by persons who are allergic to [[morphine]]. Pantopon is just [[opium]] with all of the tar and other insoluables removed in an injectable form which is nearly as potent as [[morphine]] is by weight. Other drugs of the same type have include opium alkaloid sulphates (Omnopon), phosphates, and valerates. ==References== *"[[Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties]]" {{pharma-stub}} [[Category:Opioids]] Wikipedia is an optimal choice in almost all aspects: its text reflects current language usage, contains a large number of documents (approximately 1,600,000 at the start of 2007), documents are well written, are richly linked together, and cover almost every conceivable topic, even the most recent events, persons, technical devices. However, it also has its disadvantages: categorization and linkage of articles is sometimes inconsistent or wrong, the classification system is ad-hoc, does not follow any established
Stability indicating HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of Azithromycin & Ofloxacin in bulk and its dosage forms

A simple, precise, sensitive and reproducible stability indicating Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for determination of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form was developed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypersil-Keystone RP C18 (250 4.6 mm, 5m) column maintained at 30 C eluted with mobile phase at flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The mobile phase consists of Buffer (0.02 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate): methanol: acetonitrile in the ratio 65:25:10 v/v at pH maintained at 3.2 with OPA was used and the determination was carried out at 285 nm. The retention time for Azithromycin and Ofloxacin were 9.7 min and 5.01 respectively. The linearity was found in the range of 5? 50 ? g/ml for Azithromycin and 4? 40 ? g/ml for Ofloxacin. In stability studies the drugs were well separated from degradation products. The degradation was studied in the individual standard drugs, their mixture and formulation which gave the idea about the orgin of the degradant products. The analytical method was validated as per ICH guideline for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, stability in analytical solution etc. and method can be extended to the analysis of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin in tablet formulations.
Petrography and Petrochemical Characteristics of Rare Metal Pegmatites around Oro, Southwestern Nigeria

Petrographic and geochemical evaluation of pegmatite bodies occurring as discontinuous dykes have been studied in Oro area of southwestern Nigeria, with a view to determine the compositional characteristics that may be related to Ta-Nb mineralization potentials. They are found intruding semi discordantly, the older assemblages of quartz mica schist and granite gneiss. A total of twenty-eight samples comprising whole rock pegmatites and eluvial soils were analyzed for major, trace and rare earth elements using (ICP-AES) geochemical method which show the pegmatite samples to be generally highly siliceous with SiO2 values ranging from (71.49-97.77%) with an average of 86.43% in the whole rock samples, and it also ranges from (41.88-57.99%) with an average of 48.43% in the eluvial soil samples, while Al2O3 content is as high as 25.87% in the eluvial soil samples and 6.86% in the whole rock samples depicting the complexity of the pegmatite rock. Variation plots of K/Rb versus Rb, Ta versus Rb, Ta versus Nb, Ta versus K/Cs, Ta versus Cs+Rb and Ta versus Cs discriminant plot indicate the potentials of rare metal mineralization.
Advances in the management of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: role of oral dimethyl fumarate (BG-12)

Abstract Multiple sclerosis is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which affects an estimated 2.3 million individuals worldwide. Genetic research has uncovered over 100 immune-related genes associated with the disease and has provided a multitude of potential therapeutic targets. To date, 13 US Food and Drug Administration-approved disease-modifying therapies designed to influence the aberrant immune system are available for the indication of relapsing forms of the disease. BG-12 is a novel oral multiple sclerosis therapeutic with a unique putative mechanism of action that activates the Nrf2 anti-oxidant pathway. Despite the enthusiasm for multiple therapeutic options, including oral options, the practitioner is faced with the difficult task of providing guidance for patients regarding optimal sequencing of therapeutics without sensitive clinical biomarkers to match a particular therapy’s putative mechanism of action to the patient’s specific pathophysiology. Moreover, while BG-12 has a preferred route of administration, there is limited safety data with which to guide counseling in the clinic. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF or BG-12) is one of three available oral therapies which will be discussed in this review in terms of its pharmacokinetic profile, putative mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, safety, tolerance, and patient-reported experience. BG-12’s potential as a first-line therapy and as a sequencing therapeutic to aid in transition off natalizumab will be discussed.
Quality of Life Among Cancer Patients Treated With Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy in Erbil City An Evaluation Study

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the quality of life in its different domains among cancer patients in relation to their treatment modality. Methods: A convenience sample of 200 patients with cancer was selected, 100 patients were on chemotherapy and the other 100 were on radiotherapy. Data was obtained through direct interview, using FACT-G questionnaire, version 4, and was managed through a statistical program, using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The emotional domain was the least affected one in both study groups (P = 0.800), while the physical domain reflected a significant statistical differences (P < 0.001); it was mildly affected in 92% of those with radiotherapy and moderately affected in 47% of those on chemotherapy. The social and functional domains were the most badly affected with a significant difference in the functional domain only (P <0.001) where 93% of those on radiotherapy being badly affected. The functional well-being of breast cancer was more affected among those with radiotherapy (P = 0.039), while the physical domains of quality of life of patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer was more badly affected by chemotherapy (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Patients on chemotherapy are more badly affected in some domains of quality of life, compared to those on radiotherapy. The emotional domain of QoL was the least affected, while the social and functional domains were the most badly affected ones among cancer patients, whether they were treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Mutual Fund Dividend Policy: Evidence from Egypt

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether mutual fund governance has an effect on fund dividend policy in the Egyptian Stock Market. Using a final sample of 27 mutual funds between 2004 and 2013, this paper applies a Structural Equation Modelling technique to solve the potential endogeneity problem between internal governance measures and dividend policy. The empirical evidence shows a positive correlation between governance quality and dividend policy measured by dividend yield. The results are consistent with the notion that shareholders of firms with better governance quality are able to force managers to disgorge more cash through dividends, thereby reducing what is left for expropriation by opportunistic manager. No significant association was found between board independency and dividend policy, because firms with higher number of independent directors are more restricted to pay higher dividends. This study provides additional evidence of the applicability of the Outcome Model in the emerging market of Egypt. It was found that the payment of higher dividend was considered necessary to attract capital during this transitional period. Keywords : Corporate Governance, Dividend Policy, Mutual Fund, Endogeneity. JEL Classification G34, G35, G23, C3.
Relative magnetic helicity as a diagnostic of solar eruptivity

Context. The discovery of clear criteria that can deterministically describe the eruptive state of a solar active region would lead to major improvements on space weather predictions. / Aims. Using series of numerical simulations of the emergence of a magnetic flux rope in a magnetized coronal, leading either to eruptions or to stable configurations, we test several global scalar quantities for the ability to discriminate between the eruptive and the non-eruptive simulations. / Methods. From the magnetic field generated by the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations, we compute and analyze the evolution of the magnetic flux, of the magnetic energy and its decomposition into potential and free energies, and of the relative magnetic helicity and its decomposition. / Results. Unlike the magnetic flux and magnetic energies, magnetic helicities are able to markedly distinguish the eruptive from the non-eruptive simulations. We find that the ratio of the magnetic helicity of the current-carrying magnetic field to the total relative helicity presents the highest values for the eruptive simulations, in the pre-eruptive phase only. We observe that the eruptive simulations do not possess the highest value of total magnetic helicity. / Conclusions. In the framework of our numerical study, the magnetic energies and the total relative helicity do not correspond to good eruptivity proxies. Our study highlights that the ratio of magnetic helicities diagnoses very clearly the eruptive potential of our parametric simulations. Our study shows that magnetic-helicity-based quantities may be very efficient for the prediction of solar eruptions.
The Predictability Characteristics and Profitability of PriceMomentum Strategies: A New Approach

We suggest a flexible method to study the dynamic effect of common risk factors on the profitability of price momentum returns. Unlike the existing work which evaluate momentum profits under constant coefficient time-series framework, our approach helps us to incorporate serial correlations and heteroskedasticity in changes in expected momentum profit level. As a result, the expected momentum profit level differs in magnitude from its traditional counterpart. Our empirical implementation demonstrates new evidence on the predictability characteristics and profitability of price momentum portfolios using our theoretical framework.
THE EFFECTS OF SYNTACTIC KNOWLEDGE AND EXTRA-GRAMMATICAL FACTORS ON SENTENCE ACCEPTABILITY JUDGMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON CHINESE TOPIC CONSTRUCTIONS

In this study, we explore how different components like syntactic knowledge and discourse context may interact with each other in sentence acceptability judgment performance. We examined the acceptability judgment patterns on Chinese topic constructions in different contexts and we also looked at how different types of topic NPs (definite topic NPs vs. bare topic NPs) may affect the judgment patterns. Our findings show that island-obeying topic sentences were consistently judged better than their island-violating counterparts, whether presented in a null context or in a relevant context. This contrast suggests that discourse context and syntactic knowledge do not interact in sentence acceptability judgment performance, and favors a categorical approach to grammar. In addition, our findings also show that topic sentences with a definite topic NP were consistently rated better than those with a bare topic NP, and that canonical sentences which served as the baseline were also consistently judged to be better than grammatical topic sentences. These patterns suggest that acceptability judgment is continuous with a wider range of variations due to the ambiguity, frequency, and processing complexity involved in the given sentences. Overall, our study not only suggests that the traditional acceptability judgment task can elicit good data about grammaticality, but it also recognizes that extra-grammatical factors can affect acceptability judgment performance and should therefore be taken into consideration to ensure the quality of the collected data.