Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak phenotypic reversion of ivermectin resistance in a field resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus by verapamil

Recent advances in anthelmintic resistant phenotype reversion by Pgp modulating drugs in ruminant nematodes indicate that this can be a useful tool to helminth control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) in combination with verapamil (VRP), in oil or water-based vehicle, against an IVM-resistant field isolate of Haemonchus contortus through a larval migration assay and experimental infection trial. In the in vitro assay was observed a phenotypic reversion of H. contortus resistance to ivermectin at a high concentration of VRP, increasing IVM efficacy from 53.1% to 94.3. In the in vivo trial, IVM + VRP demonstrated 36.02% efficacy compared to the 7.75% of IVM alone. The vehicle formulation showed no influence in efficacy. These are the first results demonstrating the effect of VRP as a partial IVM-resistance phenotype reverser in a field isolate of IVM-resistant H. contortus experimentally inoculated in sheep.
The Faces of Positive Emotion

Although several theorists posit the existence of multiple discrete positive emotion states,1–4 much empirical research on the nature and consequences of emotion considers only one: happiness.5–8 Studies of the facial display of emotion have documented universally recognized expressions of sadness, anger, fear, and other negative emotions, but have not differentiated among positive emotions.6 The Duchenne smile, which includes contraction of the orbicularis oculi as well as the zygomaticus major, is generally considered the sole reliable expression of positive affect. The goal of this study was to establish the features of facial and upper-body displays participants associate with the experience of distinct positive emotions. Although the full data set explores displays of 17 positive and negative emotions, only the data regarding awe, amusement, and pride displays are discussed here.
Hematopoietic Proliferative Lesions in the Spleen of rasH2 Transgenic Mice Treated with MNU

In this study, rasH2-Tg mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosurea (MNU) developed exuberant hematoproliferative changes in the spleen that included dysplasia and features of neoplasia. Hematoproliferative change was characterized as exuberant proliferation of hematopoietic cells within the spleen that distorted but did not displace normal splenic morphologic features. The hematopoietic cells were of mixed lineage, but one type, often erythroid, predominated. Cellular atypia was present in all mice with hematoproliferative change, and dysplasia was present in five of eight examined. Hematoproliferative neoplasia was characterized by similar cytologic features but also resulted in displacement/disruption of normal splenic architecture and increased numbers of unidentified blast cells. One case was differentiated toward myeloid proliferation, suggesting granulocytic leukemia. Affected mice had other neoplasms, such as lymphoma and anemia. These proliferative and dysplastic lesions of the spleen in rasH2-Tg mice treated with MNU require additional characterization to definitively differentiate them from the reactive hematopoiesis that can occur in response to inflammatory, neoplastic, or hematopoietic insults in mice.
Allergen-Derived T Cell Peptide-Induced Late Asthmatic Reactions Precede the Induction of Antigen-Specific Hyporesponsiveness in Atopic Allergic Asthmatic Subjects1

Allergen-derived peptides can induce T cell tolerance in naive and Ag-primed mice. This is preceded by transient T cell activation. In humans, intradermal administration of short allergen-derived T cell peptide epitopes provokes IgE-independent isolated late asthmatic reactions (LARs) in sensitized subjects. In this study, we determine whether, as in mouse models, such peptides produce hyporesponsiveness to rechallenge with peptides, or whole allergen, either clinically or in terms of in vitro T cell responses. We found that a second injection of cat allergen (Fel d 1)-derived T cell peptides was associated with a marked reduction, or absence, of the LAR, and that up to 40 wk was required for return to baseline values. The cutaneous late-phase reaction to whole cat dander was also inhibited, even in subjects who did not experience an initial LAR. These observations were associated with a significant decrease in peptide- and whole allergen-induced proliferation of PBMCs and the production of IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ in cultures. Thus, allergen-derived peptides induce tolerance to subsequent peptide injection in the target organ (the lung), reduce late-phase cutaneous responsiveness to whole allergen, and alter in vitro T cell reactivity.
Subjective response to alcohol challenge: a quantitative review.

BACKGROUND Individual differences in subjective response to alcohol, as measured by laboratory-based alcohol challenge, have been identified as a candidate phenotypic risk factor for the development of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). Two models have been developed to explain the role of subjective response to alcohol, but predictions from the 2 models are contradictory, and theoretical consensus is lacking. METHODS This investigation used a meta-analytic approach to review the accumulated evidence from alcohol-challenge studies of subjective response as a risk factor. Data from 32 independent samples (total N = 1,314) were aggregated to produce quantitative estimates of the effects of risk-group status (i.e., positive family history of AUDs or heavier alcohol consumption) on subjective response. RESULTS As predicted by the Low Level of Response Model (LLRM), family history-positive groups experienced reduced overall subjective response relative to family history-negative groups. This effect was most evident among men, with family history-positive men responding more than half a standard deviation less than family history-negative men. In contrast, consistent with the Differentiator Model (DM), heavier drinkers of both genders responded 0.4 standard deviations less on measures of sedation than did the lighter drinkers but nearly half a standard deviation more on measures of stimulation, with the stimulation difference appearing most prominent on the ascending limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve. CONCLUSIONS The accumulated results from 3 decades of family history comparisons provide considerable support for the LLRM. In contrast, results from typical consumption comparisons were largely consistent with predictions of the DM. The LLRM and DM may describe 2 distinct sets of phenotypic risk, with importantly different etiologies and predictions for the development of AUDs.
An Experience Report on Update of Systematic Literature Reviews

Context: In order to preserve the value of Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs), they should be frequently updated including new studies produced after the conduction of the reviews. However, most of SLRs are outdated and there is a lack of works that support the conduction of SLRs updates. Objective: The main goal of this paper is to report our experience in updating two of our SLRs. Method: To update these two SLRs, we used automated techniques based on VTM (Visual Text Mining) to guarantee the presence of relevant studies. Results: From our experience, some factors to satisfactorily update SLRs were identified: (i) to adopt software tools to support the updating process; (ii) to provide as much as possible information of previous SLR; (iii) to involve researchers from previous SLR; and (iv) to reuse protocol from preliminar SLR. Conclusions: Reported lessons learned can be used as a basis of knowledge to guide researchers when updating their SLRs. Keywords—Systematic literature review, update, VTM
Binding and inhibition of human spermidine synthase by decarboxylated S‐adenosylhomocysteine

Aminopropyltransferases are essential enzymes that form polyamines in eukaryotic and most prokaryotic cells. Spermidine synthase (SpdS) is one of the most well‐studied enzymes in this biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme uses decarboxylated S‐adenosylmethionine and a short‐chain polyamine (putrescine) to make a medium‐chain polyamine (spermidine) and 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐methylthioadenosine as a byproduct. Here, we report a new spermidine synthase inhibitor, decarboxylated S‐adenosylhomocysteine (dcSAH). The inhibitor was synthesized, and dose‐dependent inhibition of human, Thermatoga maritima, and Plasmodium falciparum spermidine synthases, as well as functionally homologous human spermine synthase, was determined. The human SpdS/dcSAH complex structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography at 2.0 Å resolution and showed consistent active site positioning and coordination with previously known structures. Isothermal calorimetry binding assays confirmed inhibitor binding to human SpdS with Kd of 1.1 ± 0.3 μM in the absence of putrescine and 3.2 ± 0.1 μM in the presence of putrescine. These results indicate a potential for further inhibitor development based on the dcSAH scaffold.
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Expression and Regulation in Human Intracellular Infection Correlate with Th1 Cytokine Patterns1

Induction of Th1 cytokines, those associated with cell-mediated immunity, is critical for host defense against infection by intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM, CD150) is a transmembrane protein expressed on lymphocytes that promotes T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. The expression and role of SLAM in human infectious disease were investigated using leprosy as a model. We found that SLAM mRNA and protein were more strongly expressed in skin lesions of tuberculoid patients, those with measurable CMI to the pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae, compared with lepromatous patients, who have weak CMI against M. leprae. Peripheral blood T cells from tuberculoid patients showed a striking increase in the level of SLAM expression after stimulation with M. leprae, whereas the expression of SLAM on T cells from lepromatous patients show little change by M. leprae stimulation. Engagement of SLAM by an agonistic mAb up-regulated IFN-γ production from tuberculoid patients and slightly increased the levels of IFN-γ in lepromatous patients. In addition, IFN-γ augmented SLAM expression on M. leprae-stimulated peripheral blood T cells from leprosy patients. Signaling through SLAM after IFN-γ treatment of Ag-stimulated cells enhanced IFN-γ production in lepromatous patients to the levels of tuberculoid patients. Our data suggest that the local release of IFN-γ by M. leprae-activated T cells in tuberculoid leprosy lesions leads to up-regulation of SLAM expression. Ligation of SLAM augments IFN-γ production in the local microenvironment, creating a positive feedback loop. Failure of T cells from lepromatous leprosy patients to produce IFN-γ in response to M. leprae contributes to reduced expression of SLAM. Therefore, the activation of SLAM may promote the cell-mediated immune response to intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Treatment with argon plasma coagulation reduces recurrence after piecemeal resection of large sessile colonic polyps: a randomized trial and recommendations.

BACKGROUND Recurrence is frequent after piecemeal snare resection of large sessile colorectal polyps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in preventing recurrence when applied to the edge and base of the polypectomy site after apparently complete piecemeal resection. METHODS Patients with large (>1.5 cm) sessile polyps removed by piecemeal snare cautery were placed into 2 groups. The first consisted of patients with polyps believed by the endoscopist to be completely excised. These patients were randomized to either no further therapy (control) or to APC of the rim and any residual mucosal or submucosal tissue in the base of the polypectomy site. The second group comprised patients in whom polyps, as judged by the endoscopist, were incompletely excised by snare polypectomy; APC was routinely applied without randomization to all visible remaining adenomatous tissue. Follow-up colonoscopy was performed within 3 months and 1 year; biopsy specimens were taken routinely from the resection site and further polypectomy was performed as indicated. RESULTS There were fewer recurrences after APC in the randomized group (1/10 APC, 7/11 no APC; p = 0.02). In the group with initial incomplete snare polypectomy, recurrence was detected at 3 months in 6 of 13 despite APC. One patient was hospitalized with abdominal pain and minor rectal bleeding but required no intervention. There were no other episodes of significant late bleeding caused by piecemeal polypectomy. One patient was referred for surgery after unsuccessful endoscopic management. CONCLUSIONS In patients with apparent complete endoscopic snare resection of large adenomas, postpolypectomy application of APC reduces adenomatous recurrence.
A Hot-Vent Gastropod with Iron Sulfide Dermal Sclerites

1, C and D). The dominant crystalline mineral phase is pyrite, whereas greigite, the sulfide analog of magnetite, is present in lower proportions and accounts for the ferrimagnetism. The interior of the sclerites is penetrated by a pulp of pedal tissue that extends almost to the tip. Between the pulp and the outer mineralized layers there is a tough, laminated, organic layer, histologically indistinguishable from molluscan conchiolin. The conchiolin is studded with minute (typically about 1 m in diameter) iron sulfide granules and finely dispersed iron sulfur compounds; these minerals are more common in the outer layers of the conchiolin. Where the sclerite surface is overlain by adjacent sclerites, the sclerites are covered by a coat of bacteria (Fig. 1C; fig. S2G). Iron sulfide as a skeletal material is not known in metazoans (4), although accumulations of metal sulfides occur in animal tissues
Nanotherapeutics for enhancing thermal therapy of cancer

Purpose: The current work describes the synergistic enhancement of hyperthermic cancer therapy by selective thermal sensitization and induction of vascular injury at the tumor site. The specificity of this response was mediated by CYT-6091: a pegylated colloidal gold-based nanotherapeutic designed to selectively deliver an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), to solid tumors. Materials and methods: FSaII murine fibrosarcoma-bearing C3H mice received an intravenous injection of either soluble TNF or CYT-6091 (50–250 µg/kg TNF). Four hours later the tumors were exposed to localized heating (42.5 or 43.5°C, 60 min). Tumor responses were assessed by growth delay and/or perfusion. Results: Both soluble TNF and CYT-6091 reduced tumor perfusion by 80% of control (no treatment), 4 hours post administration. However, soluble TNF was toxic to the tumor burdened mice and resulted in 40% mortality alone and 100% mortality when combined with hyperthermia. Conversely, no toxicities were noted with CYT-6091 alone or when combined with hyperthermia. Additionally, CYT-6091 combined with heat yielded significant tumor regression in vivo as compared to heat or CYT-6091 alone as demonstrated by tumor growth delay. Pretreatment with soluble TNF or CYT-6091 followed by heating reduced in vitro tumor and endothelial cell survival by 40–50% (TNF) and 70–75% (CYT-6091) of the control cell (i.e. tumor and endothelial) values, respectively. Conclusions: CYT-6091, by selectively delivering TNF to solid tumors, improves the safety of TNF treatment. In addition, the targeted delivery of TNF augments cancer thermal therapy efficacy possibly by inducing a tumor-localized inflammatory response.
Assessment of hydration status by urinary analysis of elite junior taekwon-do athletes in preparing for competition

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess over time the hydration status of taekwon-do athletes during a preparatory camp. Measures of urine osmolality, conductivity, specific gravity and colour were made on the first urine sample passed by the participants (n = 32) in the morning before breakfast. The urinary measurements were made on samples collected at the beginning of the camp, 5 days later and one day before competition. Body mass was also measured at the same instants. Body mass (mean ± s) was essentially the same on each of the measurement days (62.6 ± 12.2, 62.7 ± 12.3 and 62.2 ± 12.6 kg, respectively). Mean urine osmolality at the beginning of the camp was relatively high (998 ± 171 mOsmol · kg−1), suggesting that a significant number of the athletes were already hypohydrated. However, no significant differences were detected in urine osmolality at the three time points during the study. There were no significant differences in any of the four methods of urine analysis during the study (P > 0.05). The average values for all samples were 989 ± 205 mOsmol · kg−1 for osmolality, 25.5 ± 6.7 mS · cm−1 for conductivity, 1.017 ± 0.010 g · cm−3 for specific gravity and 4 ± 1 arbitrary units for colour. Correlation analysis between the different methods suggested moderately good agreement (correlation coefficient = 0.5–0.7) between all four measurement techniques (P < 0.01). The coefficients of variation for these techniques were relatively low (CV = 11.8 – 35.0%). The results of this study suggest that some of the taekwon-do athletes were slightly hypohydrated in the morning on each of the test days, but there was no evidence to suggest that most of the athletes further restricted their fluid intake to make weight. In addition, it appears that each of the four methods used gave essentially the same estimate of hydration status of these athletes.
Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in primary school children of the Kotto Barombi Health Area, Cameroon.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in school pupils aged five to sixteen years. SETTING Barombi Kotto Health Area, southwest Cameroon. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Three hundred and forty seven primary school children. INTERVENTION All children found to be infected were treated with praziquantel (biltricide). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The study would be able to provide baseline information on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis which is vital for control strategies. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in the study areas was 53.6%, with the highest prevalence of 73.9% recorded in Barombi Kotto village. Children resident on Barombi Kotto island were more significantly infected than those on the peripheral mainland (93.3% versus 46.2%, p < 0.01). Prevalence rate and intensity of infection did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) with sex, class or age of the pupils. The mean egg count varied significantly between schools (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Barombi Kotto village was identified as the focus of urinary schistosomiasis, with the highest recorded in children dwelling on the island, the surrounding lake being the main focus of transmission. Focal snail control as an adjunct of chemotherapy and intensive health education for the local population are strongly recommended as a means of reducing the high infection rate in the area.
In vivo proteomic analysis of cytokine expression in laser capture-microdissected urothelial cells of obstructed ureteropelvic junction procured by laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is defined as an impediment to urinary flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter. The exact cause remains an enigma despite investigations along embryologic, anatomic, and histologic lines. Our goal was to investigate in vivo the expression profile of cytokines in hyperplastic urothelial cells as a means of determining the source of UPJO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular proteomes of matched normal and hyperplastic urothelial cells were analyzed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and tissue microdissection and human cytokine proteomic chips. All specimens (N = 9) were surgically obtained from patients undergoing laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty and were immediately embedded in O.C. T. solution and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissue sections (6 microm) were mounted on uncoated glass slides using a cryostat, fixed in 70% ethanol, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and sequentially dehydrated in ethanol and xylene. Typically, paired samples of normal and hyperplastic urothelial cells were procured on separate caps from serial sections of each specimen by the Arcturus PixCell II LCM system using 3000 laser pulses and a spot diameter of 30 microm. Total proteins were harvested and quantitated. Differential expression profile analysis of 43 cytokines in normal and hyperplastic cells were performed using human protein chips. Briefly, the membranes were initially probed with protein (150 ng) from normal or hyperplastic cells and sequentially reacted with a cocktail of biotinylated cytokine antibodies and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The membranes were developed using enhanced chemiluminescence and analyzed by densitometry. RESULTS Comparative densitometric analysis revealed twofold to fourfold upregulation of growth-related oncogene alpha (GRO-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1alpha, interferon (INF)-gamma, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) and twofold to fourfold downregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IL-10 in hyperplastic urothelial cells compared with paired control cells. CONCLUSIONS We here report the efficient application of LCM and proteomic array chips for expression profile analysis of cytokines in vivo. Because the etiology and pathogenesis of UPJO are still fragmentary, the marked heterogeneity of the observed cytokine alterations reported here may be of significance. Further studies are required to elucidate the functional significance of the differentially expressed cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Mean response and oscillations of accommodation for various stimulus vergences in relation to accommodation feedback control

Mean responses and fluctuations of accommodation were recorded by means of a high‐sensitivity infra‐red optometer over a large dioptric range (+3 to ‐9 D) We found that both the effective absoulute amplitude and the 2 Hz relative activity of fluctuations of accommodation exhibit a maximum within the ‐1 to ‐4 D range of stimulus vergence for which the focus error (lag of accommodation) is minimal, whereas no activity is observed at the subject's near and far points. But the 2 Hz relative activity of accommodative fluctuations provides a better description of the control; this parameter was found to be positively correlated with the sensitivity of the accommodative system to defocus blur (input of the feedback loop), providing support for the active role of these fluctuations in the accommodative system.
Comparison of bus frequency estimators for power system transient stability analysis

The paper presents a study on the dynamic response of power system frequency control devices considering different approaches to estimate bus frequencies in power system simulators. The frequency signals considered in this paper are obtained based on the center of inertia, a commonly-used washout filter that approximates the derivative of the bus voltage phase angle, and a frequency divider formula developed by the authors. The dynamic behavior of frequency control devices such as thermostatically regulated loads is compared considering the three signals above. Different scenarios are discussed based on the IEEE 14-bus and New England 39-bus, 10-machine test systems.