Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supported Coding Schemes. MATE Deliverable D1.1

The first step of the MATE project is to define an overall mark-up formalism which is based on the TEI/CES standards. This formalism accommodates the needs of current and emerging coding schemes for the level of prosody, (morhpo-) syntax, co-reference, dialogue acts, communication problems, and cross-level issues. In order to accomplish this one has to observe existing coding schemes. These schemes should have proved their reliability in the way that they have been used in systems by a couple of novice and / or expertise users for annotating a corpus of reasonable size. This report represents a survey of such coding schemes which fulfil this property. These coding schemes are described in detail with regard to their coding book, number of annotators working with it, number of annotated dialogues / segments / utterances, evaluation results, underlying task, list of annotated phenomena, and mark-up language used. Also annotation examples are provided.
A reassessment of the relationship between text, speech tone, melody, and aria structure in Beijing Opera

Abstract Many scholarly evaluations of traditional Chinese operatic aria structure assume that musical structure matches speech‐tone structure. Accordingly, song structure has often been explained in terms of binary units, even though most operatic songs are extended, multi‐couplet structures in performance. When multiple couplets are examined, they tend to be compared rather than assessed as a whole. In this essay, I suggest that the subordination of musical elements to the sounds of the spoken language in Chinese opera is neither automatic nor complete. Even in a genre where language is of unquestioned importance, music‐structural considerations may, sometimes, challenge the dictates of speech‐tone and lyric structure in the production of a finished musical text. A singer's melodic style may take precedence over his or her setting of speech tone, and that singer may consistently create in performance musical structures of greater stature than the ongoing variation of two‐line units. Performances by the .
Internal visuomotor models for cognitive simulation processes

Recent theories in cognitive science step back from the strict separation of perception, cognition, and the generation of behavior. Instead, cognition is viewed as a distributed process that relies on sensory, motor and affective states. In this notion, internal simulations -i.e. the mental reenactment of actions and their corresponding perceptual consequences - replace the application of logical rules on a set of abstract representations. These internal simulations are directly related to the physical body of an agent with its designated senses and motor repertoire. Correspondingly, the environment and the objects that reside therein are not viewed as a collection of symbols with abstract properties, but described in terms of their action possibilities, and thus as reciprocally coupled to the agent. In this thesis we will investigate a hypothetical computational model that enables an agent to infer information about specific objects based on internal sensorimotor simulations. This model will eventually enable the agent to reveal the behavioral meaning of objects. We claim that such a model would be more powerful than classical approaches that rely on the classification of objects based on visual features alone. However, the internal sensorimotor simulation needs to be driven by a number of modules that model certain aspects of the agents senses which is, especially for the visual sense, demanding in many aspects. The main part of this thesis will deal with the learning and modeling of sensorimotor patterns which represents an essential prerequisite for internal simulation. We present an efficient adaptive model for the prediction of optical flow patterns that occur during eye movements: This model enables the agent to transform its current view according to a covert motor command to virtually fixate a given point within its visual field. The model is further simplified based on a geometric analysis of the problem. This geometric model also serves as a solution to the problem of eye control. The resulting controller generates a kinematic motor command that moves the eye to a specific location within the visual field. We will investigate a neurally inspired extension of the eye control scheme that results in a higher accuracy of the controller. We will also address the problem of generating distal stimuli, i.e. views of the agent's gripper that are not present in its current view. The model we describe associates arm postures to pictorial views of the gripper. Finally, the problem of stereoptic depth perception is addressed. Here, we employ visual prediction in combination with an eye controller to generate virtually fixated views of objects in the left and right camera images. These virtually fixated views can be easily matched in order to establish correspondences. Furthermore, the motor information of the virtual fixation movement can be used to infer depth information.
Emergent literacy development: Case studies of four deaf ASL-English bilinguals.

The research is clear; given the opportunity to do so, children begin transacting with print at very young ages (Ferreiro & Teberosky, 1982). Deaf children with full access to language from birth frequently experience higher success rates in literacy acquisition (Kuntze, 1998). However, there remains a paucity of studies on how young Deaf children whose success with literacy development can be reasonably predicted, begin their journeys toward literacy. With the understanding that early literacy experiences significantly impact all children’s literacy development (Bus, Van Ijzendoorn, & Pelligrini, 1995), it is important to have a clearer understanding of how Deaf children develop emergent literacy skills. This dissertation presents a year-long case study on four young Deaf children from native-ASL families who were immersed in literacy-rich environments and how they developed literacy skills in school and at home. In order to provide the fullest possible picture, parents, teachers and children were interviewed and observed. As literacy development does not happen in isolation; this dissertation provides information about the children’s sociocultural context that included the literacy experiences and beliefs of the adult participants and the children’s own experiences at home and in school. Artifacts including writing samples and data from an early literacy checklist were also collected to provide information about each child’s individual written language development. The data were organized and analyzed based on salient themes and framed by socio-psycholinguistic studies on hearing children by researchers such as Dyson (1993),
An anytime approach to connectionist theory refinement - refining the topologies of knowledge-based neural networks

Many scientific and industrial problems can be better understood by learning from samples of the task at hand. For this reason, the machine learning and statistics communities devote considerable research effort on generating inductive-learning algorithms that try to learn the true "concept" of a task from a set of its examples. Often times, however, one has additional resources readily available, but largely unused, that can improve the concept that these learning algorithms generate. These resources include available computer cycles, as well as prior knowledge describing what is currently known about the domain. Effective utilization of available computer time is important since for most domains an expert is willing to wait for weeks, or even months, if a learning system can produce an improved concept. Using prior knowledge is important since it can contain information not present in the current set of training examples. In this thesis, I present three "anytime" approaches to connectionist theory refinement. Briefly, these approaches start by translating a set of rules describing what is currently known about the domain into a neural network, thus generating a knowledge-based neural network (KNN). My approaches then utilize available computer time to improve this KNN by continually refining its weights and topology. My first method, TopGen, searches for good "local" refinements to the KNN topology. It does this by adding nodes to the KNN in a manner analogous to symbolically adding rules and conjuncts to an incorrect rule base. My next approach, R scEGENT, uses genetic algorithms to find better "global" changes to this topology. R scEGENT proceeds by using (a) the domain-specific rules to help create the initial population of KNNs and (b) crossover and mutation operators specifically designed for KNNs. My final algorithm, A scDDEMUP, searches for an "ensemble" of KNNs that work together to produce an effective composite prediction. A scDDEMUP works by using genetic algorithms to continually create new networks, keeping the set of networks that are as accurate as possible while disagreeing with each other as much as possible. Empirical results show that these algorithms successfully achieve each of their respective goals.
Refugees and general practitioners. Partners in care

The results are presented of a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with Somali refugees living in The Netherlands, on their experiences with general practitioners (GPs). The central question is: what are the frames of reference participants use to interpret their experiences? The actual situation in The Netherlands appears to be a more significant frame of reference than healthcare as it was known in Somalia. There is a general narrative in the Somali communities that healthcare in The Netherlands is not good for Somali’s and feelings of being discriminated against appear to be common. Stories about medical calamities circulating within the communities illustrate and enhance this perception. Consulting practitioners in neighbouring countries is a frequently taken escape route. The individual narratives show a more varied picture. Critical episodes can be identified, where encounters with GPs have had either a positive or negative outcome for the individual. The content of positive and negative episodes is analysed. The personal attitude and communication skills of the practitioner appear to be central issues, building or undermining trust. Depending on their personal experiences, participants identify with the general narrative, or keep some distance from it.
A Collaborative Approach to Implementing 21st Century Skills in a High School Senior Research Class

Businesses and higher education leaders are looking for students with the ability to evaluate and analyze information and to use this information to solve real-world problems. These are the information literacy skills students need for the 21st century. However, several recent studies on the ability of college freshmen to handle the rigor of college courses and research indicate that high school students are not being adequately prepared to apply these skills. The authors provide a case study of a collaborative effort between an English teacher and the high school librarian to better prepare high school seniors on how to locate reliable information, analyze the information and then determine how it can be applied to solving a real world issue or problem.
Pragmatic software reuse

Many software reuse tasks involve reusing source code that was not designed in a reusable manner. These pragmatic reuse tasks arise for a variety of organizational and technical reasons. To investigate a pragmatic reuse task, a developer must navigate through, and reason about, unfamiliar source code in order to identify those program elements that are relevant to his reuse task and to decide how they should be reused. Once these elements have been identified, the developer must convert his mental model of the task into a set of actions he can perform. These tasks are poorly supported by modern development tools and practices. The thesis of this dissertation is that by providing developers with a mechanism to create pragmatic reuse plans in a structured way, and a methodology to semi-automatically perform the pragmatic reuse task using this plan, we can enable developers to perform pragmatic reuse tasks more quickly and with greater confidence. To validate these claims we have created a model that captures the program elements involved in a pragmatic reuse task, along with annotations that correspond to the developer's decisions about how an element should be treated in a reuse task; the model explicitly enumerates each of the actions required to perform a pragmatic reuse task. We have created a tool, called Gilligan, that allows developers to create pragmatic reuse plans by navigating through unfamiliar source code and annotating its structural elements corresponding to how they should be treated in a reuse task. Using this plan, Gilligan can semi-automatically transform the source code from its originating system and integrate it into the developer's system. We have evaluated Gilligan using a series of case studies and experiments using a variety of source systems and tasks. The results show that pragmatic reuse plans are a robust metaphor for capturing pragmatic reuse intent and that Gilligan can significantly decrease the amount of time developers require to perform pragmatic reuse tasks.
Performance-Metric Driven Atmospheric Compensation for Robust Free-Space Laser Communication

The effect of turbulence on laser propagation is a significant challenge to current electro-optical systems. While atmospheric compensation techniques in space object imaging and high-energy laser weapons have been thoroughly investigated, optimizing these techniques for Laser Communication (LaserCom) has not been examined to the same degree. Average Strehl ratio is the typical design metric for current atmospheric compensation systems. However, fade probability is the relevant metric for LaserCom. This difference motivated the investigation into metric-driven atmospheric compensation. Metric-based tracking techniques for fade mitigation is the first major focus of this research. In a moderate range air-to-air scenario, focal plane spot breakup is the dominant failure mechanism. Although the impact of spot breakup on average Strehl is small, spot breakup considerably increases fade probability. This result demonstrates that optimization of an atmospheric compensation system requires consideration of the metric of interest. Metric-driven design led to exploration of peak intensity tracking, which reduces fade probability by greater than 50% over conventional centroid trackers and Adaptive Optics (AO) systems for scenarios studied. An investigation of atmospheric compensation requirements based on deep fade phenomenology is the second major focus of this research. Fades are classified based on complexity of the required compensation technique. For compensation techniques studied, regions of superior performance, in terms of fade probability, are identified. Peak tracking is shown to outperform AO for thresholds below approximately 4% of the unabberated intensity. Furthermore, the boundary between superior performance regions is nearly invariant to turbulence strength. This boundary invariance simplifies operation of a composite system which is able to adaptively select compensation methodology in near real-time.
Effects of Using Interactive CAI on Primary Grade Students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills: Inferences, Generalizations, and Math Problem Solving.

This document reports the results of a 4-month experimental study designed to determine the effectiveness of using computers with interactive software programs to teach higher-order thinking skills. The effects of CAI (computer-assisted instruction) on affective domains were assessed, as well as the effectiveness of CAI with interactive software programs in the areas of making inferences, making generalizations, and math problem solving. Sixty-one first graders and 70 second graders participated in the study, with an experimental group receiving CAI 30 minutes a week for four months. Afterward, all of the subjects' 1992 scores on inference, generalizations, and math problem solving subtests of ITBS, including scores on four affective domains, were analyzed. A statistically significant difference was found between CAI and non-CAI groups in generalizations and math problem solving, and in affective domains such as attitude toward school, attitude toward computers, and skills students could do with computers. The impact of CAI on students' overall academic achievement and self-concapt was not statistically significant; however, the effect size was greater at the first-grade level than at second-grade level. The same held true with grade level equivalent in reading and math. The statistical findings of this study suggest that: (1) CAI with varieties of interactive software is an effective tool to teach higher-order thinking skills; (2) it is developmentally appropriate to expose first-graders to a computerized environment; and (3) CAI is more effective in enhancing affective domains than cognitive domains. Appendices include copies of letters of approval, details concerning the software used in the study, and questionnaires and worksheets used in the student attitude measure. (Contairs 16 tables and 94 references.) (BEW) U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MiceniLl,mona! Rosearcnaimirm.r. mem EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy EFFECTS OF USING INTERACTIVE CAI ON PRIMARY GRADE STUDENTS' HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS: INFERENCES, GENERALIZATIONS, AND MATH PROBLEM SOLVING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE TEXAS WOMAN'S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN ECOLOGY
Missed Opportunities: How Mathematics Education in the U.S. Puts Our Students at a Disadvantage and What Can Be Done about It. Policy Report No. 7.

Data collected as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Survey have produced some important new findings on the mathematics preparation of U. S. 8th grade students. These findings illustrate several fundamental obstacles to student success in middle school mathematics, and they may point to similar problems in other subject areas and at other grade levels. At the same time, the TIMSS findings also suggest action that educators and policymakers can take to improve opportunities to learn for U.S. students.
DREM: ARCHITECTURAL SUPPORT FOR DETERMINISTIC REDUNDANT EXECUTION OF MULTITHREADED PROGRAMS

DREM: ARCHITECTURAL SUPPORT FOR DETERMINISTIC REDUNDANT EXECUTION OF MULTITHREADED PROGRAMS Stan Kvasov Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2009 Recently there have been several proposals to use redundant execution of diverse replicas to defend against attempts to exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities. However, redundant execution relies on the premise that the replicas behave deterministically, so that if inputs are replicated to both replicas, any divergences in their outputs can only be the result of an attack. Unfortunately, this assumption does not hold for multithreaded programs, which are becoming increasingly prevalent – the non-deterministic interleaving of threads can also cause divergences in the replicas. This thesis presents a method to eliminate concurrency related non-determinism between replicas. We introduce changes to the existing cache coherence hardware used in multicores to support deterministic redundant execution. We demonstrate that our solution requires moderate hardware changes and shows modest overhead in scientific applications.
Design and Evaluation of FPGA-based Hybrid Physically Unclonable Functions

A Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) is a new and promising approach to provide security for physical systems and to address the problems associated with traditional approaches. One of the most important performance metrics of a PUF is the randomness of its generated response, which is presented via uniqueness, uniformity, and bit-aliasing. In this study, we implement three known PUF schemes on an FPGA platform, namely SR Latch PUF, Basic RO PUF, and Anderson PUF. We then perform a thorough statistical analysis on their performance. In addition, we propose the idea of the Hybrid PUF structure in which two (or more) sources of randomness are combined in a way to improve randomness. We investigate two methods in combining the sources of randomness and we show that the second one improves the randomness of the response, significantly. For example, in the case of combining the Basic RO PUF and the Anderson PUF, the Hybrid PUF uniqueness is increased nearly 8%, without any pre-processing or post-processing tasks required. Two main categories of applications for PUFs have been introduced and analyzed: authentication and secret key generation. In this study, we introduce another important application for PUFs. In fact, we develop a secret sharing scheme using a PUF to increase the information rate and provide cheater detection capability for the system. We show that, using the proposed method, the information rate of the secret sharing scheme will improve significantly.
How can mental maps, applied to the coast environment, help in collecting and analyzing spatial representations?

Apres avoir ete principalement utilisees en geographie urbaine, puis quelque peu mises de cote par les geographes, les cartes mentales font desormais l’objet d’un regain d’interet, en particulier dans le champ de la geographie de l’environnement. Appliquees a l’espace littoral et employees en complement de l’entretien, elles se revelent etre non seulement un bon outil de recueil des representations spatiales, mais aussi une aide precieuse pour leur analyse. Cet article s’appuie sur l’exemple de l’utilisation des cartes mentales dans le poster scientifique Des ingenieurs de plus en plus « verts ». Evolution du regard des ingenieurs en charge de la gestion du littoral neerlandais, laureat du concours organise par le forum de l’Ecole Doctorale de Geographie de Paris de 2011.
A Collaboration Facilitator Model for Learning Virtual Environments

In virtual environments most pedagogical virtual tutors or facilitators supervise or guide the learning activity; they are task-oriented. In contrast, the here proposed facilitator is strictly about monitoring some aspects of collaboration and offering advice in this regard. In a multiuser virtual environment, that is, a Collaborative Virtual Environment, oral communication is chosen over written communication in order to enhance the feelings of presence, co-presence, and immersion for the user; but oral communication analysis presents a high resource overhead. As an alternative, the monitoring activity of this facilitator is based on two nonverbal cues of interaction: talking-turn patterns and object manipulation. An empirical study to validate this approach was conducted based on the participants' perception regarding the suitability of the facilitator's messages; the results showed that the students' accepted a significant number of generated advice.