Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child support liability and partnership dissolution

This paper studies the determinants of partnership dissolution and focuses on the role of child support. We exploit the variation in child support liabilities driven by an important UK policy reform to separately identify the effects of children from the effect of child support liability. We find strong evidence that an increase in the child support liability significantly reduces dissolution risk. Our results suggest that child support criteria that are based on the non-custodial parent's income, compared to criteria based on aggregate incomes of both parents, would imply much smaller separation rates.
Physical Layer Security Enhancement Exploiting Intelligent Reflecting Surface

In this letter, the use of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to enhance the physical layer security of downlink wireless communication is investigated. Assuming a single-antenna legitimate user and a multi-antenna eavesdropper, we propose an effective algorithm to jointly optimize the active and passive beamforming. In the proposed algorithm, the optimal transmit beamforming vector at the BS under fixed IRS phase shifts is derived, and a low-complexity algorithm based on fractional programming (FP) and manifold optimization (MO) is proposed to obtain near optimal IRS phase shifts. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can almost achieve the performance upper bound with a fast convergence rate.
Novel nonequilibrium steady states in multiple emulsions

We numerically investigate the rheological response of a non-coalescing multiple emulsion under a symmetric shear flow. We find that the dynamics significantly depends on the magnitude of the shear rate and on the number of the encapsulated droplets, two key parameters whose control is fundamental to accurately select the resulting non-equilibrium steady states. The double emulsion, for instance, attains a static steady state in which the external droplet stretches under flow and achieves an elliptical shape (closely resembling the one observed in a sheared isolated fluid droplet), while the internal one remains essentially unaffected. Novel non-equilibrium steady states arise in a multiple emulsion. Under a low/moderate shear rates, for instance, the encapsulated droplets display a non-trivial planetary-like motion that considerably affects the shape of the external droplet. Some features of this dynamic behavior are partially captured by the Taylor deformation parameter and the stress tensor. Besides a theoretical interest on its own, our results can potentially stimulate further experiments, as most of the predictions could be tested in the lab by monitoring droplets shapes and position over time.
Landscape Capacity for Ecosystem Services Provision Based on Expert Knowledge and Public Perception (Case Study from the Northwest Slovakia)

Abstract Landscape represents appropriate spatial dimension for a study of ecosystems, especially due to ability to translate scientific knowledge into proper guidance for land use practice and enhancing the inclusion of local stakeholders in decision-making procedures. We tested social preferences method to reach initial and raw overview of the ecosystem services (ES) distribution and their values in the study areas. Perception of experts and local residents about capacities of relevant CORINE land cover (CLC) types to provide various ES was linked with Geographic Information System databases. We quantified the results on the basis of the mean values for each CLC type and the ES groups and these were interpreted also in spatial context. The expectation about perceptible capacities of forest to provide goods and services was fulfilled by responses of the experts, as was the expected difficulty to assess capacities of transitional woodland shrub or complex cultivation patterns. However, additional land cover types in question are meadows and pastures or discon-tinuous urban fabric. Mostly middle ranking values prevail in responses of local residents and uncertainty in the background is much greater comparing to the experts. On the other hand, rural people may better recognise diversified fow of services due to their everyday close connection to more ES. Large variation in the scores of some valued CLC classes in responses of the local residents and also experts seems resulting from lack of knowledge in the background and differences in viewpoint and appreciation. We understand the gaps in evaluating ES by the experts and resident population as good experience and key challenge for the further steps and fine-tuning of the research methods.
UV Picosecond-Laser Induced Bulk Modifications and Luminescence in Single-Crystal Diamond

Bulk laser-graphitized microstructures have been fabricated in type IIa single-crystal 1.2-mm-thick diamond plates by UV laser irradiation with 10-ps pulses at λ=355 nm wavelength. It is found that the crystallographic-plane-dependent character of structural modifications in the bulk is influenced by the laser wavelength and the direction of the laser beam incidence relative to a given crystallographic direction (<100> or <110>) in the diamond plates. High-order Stokes Raman lasing is observed during UV laser irradiation and bulk modifications of single-crystal diamond. It is shown that the formation of bulk microstructures results in dramatic changes in the behavior of the stimulated Raman scattering in diamond. The formation and migration of the 3H defects (self-interstitial related centers) is also found to take place in the course of bulk microstructuring with UV ps-pulses. Important limitations of the bulk microstructuring caused by high internal stresses in laser-modified regions resulting in ‘uncontrollable’ damage of the diamond single crystals are discussed.
Are Iberian Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus (collybita) brehmii long-distance migrants? An analysis of flight-related morphology

CapsuleIberian Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus (collybita) brehmii are genetically, morphologically and bioacoustically different from European Chiffchaffs (P. [c.] collybita). Aim To examine the difference in migratory pattern between brehmii and collybita. Methods We inferred variation in distance of migration between brehmii and collybita by analysing differences in flight-related morphology (wing-length, wing shape and tail-length) between individuals breeding or wintering in the Iberian Peninsula. Results Controlling for body size and allometry of feather dimensions, birds captured in spring had more pointed wings (more concave wing shapes and pointed wing tips) and a shorter tail than birds caught in winter, although no spring-to-winter difference was found for wing-length. Conclusion Iberian breeders appear better suited to long-distance migration (their traits are likely to give a higher speed and a lower energy consumption during long non-stop flights) than wintering individuals, which strongly supports the hypothesis that brehmii move south of the Sahara in autumn and are substituted by central European collybita populations in winter. This different migration pattern of brehmii and collybita has important implications for the maintenance of differentiation in their contact zone, because selection against hybrids with maladaptive, intermediate migratory behaviours might contribute to reproductive isolation.
Towards a General Model of Knowledge for Facial Analysis by Multi-Source Transfer Learning

This paper proposes a step toward obtaining general models of knowledge for facial analysis, by addressing the question of multi-source transfer learning. More precisely, the proposed approach consists in two successive training steps: the first one consists in applying a combination operator to define a common embedding for the multiple sources materialized by different existing trained models. The proposed operator relies on an auto-encoder, trained on a large dataset, efficient both in terms of compression ratio and transfer learning performance. In a second step we exploit a distillation approach to obtain a lightweight student model mimicking the collection of the fused existing models. This model outperforms its teacher on novel tasks, achieving results on par with state-of-the-art methods on 15 facial analysis tasks (and domains), at an affordable training cost. Moreover, this student has 75 times less parameters than the original teacher and can be applied to a variety of novel face-related tasks.
Ammonite succession in the Kimmeridgian of southwestern Barents Sea, and the Amoeboceras zonation of the Boreal Kimmeridgian

Shallow cores drilled in the southwestern Barents Sea have revealed Kimmeridgian strata with a fairly complete succession of species of the ammonite genus Amoeboceras . The taxonomical problems of these ammonites are discussed, and the new species Amoeboceras (Euprionoceras) norvegicum WIERZBOWSKI , sp.n. , is established. The recognized ammonite succession is compared with these described previously from East Greenland and Spitsbergen, and the new zonal scheme based entirely on the representatives of the genus Amoeboceras is proposed for the Boreal Kimmeridgian. In this scheme four zones are distinguished: the Bauhini Zone, the Kitchini Zone (with the Subkitchini horizon, and the Modestum horizon), the Kochi Zone (with the Norvegicum horizon, and the Kochi horizon), and the Elegans Zone. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Standardowy; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
The median density of the Universe

Despite the fact that the mean matter density of the universe has been measured to an accuracy of a few percent within the standard $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, its median density is not known even to order of magnitude. Typical points lie in low-density regions and are not part of a collapsed structure of any scale. Locally, the dark matter distribution is then simply a stretched version of that in the early universe. In this single-stream regime, the distribution of unsmoothed density is sensitive to the initial power spectrum on all scales, in particular on very small scales, and hence to the nature of the dark matter. It cannot be estimated reliably using conventional cosmological simulations because of the enormous dynamic range involved, but a suitable excursion set procedure can be used instead. For the Planck cosmological parameters, a 100 GeV WIMP, corresponding to a free-streaming mass $\sim 10^{-6}M_\odot$, results in a median density of $\sim 4\times 10^{-3}$ in units of the mean density, whereas a 10 $\mu$eV axion with free-streaming mass $\sim 10^{-12}M_\odot$ gives $\sim 3\times 10^{-3}$, and Warm Dark Matter with a (thermal relic) mass of 1 keV gives $\sim 8\times 10^{-2}$. In CDM (but not in WDM) universes, single-stream regions are predicted to be topologically isolated by the excursion set formalism. A test by direct N-Body simulations seems to confirm this prediction, although it is still subject to finite size and resolution effects. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that any of these properties is observable and so suitable for constraining the properties of dark matter.
Ameliorative potential of Aframomum melegueta extract in cadmium-induced hepatic damage and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats -

The present study was undertaken to explore the ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Aframomum melegueta (AM) on cadmium-induced hepatic damage in rats. Toxicity was induced by daily administration of 200 mg/L cadmium: Cd (Cd as CdCl2) in the animals’ main drinking water for 21 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in the liver while total protein, albumin, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin concentration as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were monitored in the serum and histological examination was carried out. Exposure to cadmium resulted in various alterations in all the parameters evaluated. Treatment with AM (200 or 400 mg/kg bw) extract showed a significant reversal effect that mitigated the deleterious effect of cadmium. Results of the histological examination also support the above findings. The results suggest that aqueous extracts of A. melegueta when administered orally, could ameliorate cadmium-associated oxidative stress in male Wistar rats in a dose dependant manner via its free radical-scavenging mechanism which could be linked to the synergetic effects between the bioactive constituents present in the extract.
A STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF VELPATASVIR AND SOFOSBUVIR IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORMS

A rapid and sensitive stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous estimation of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir in combined tablet formulations. Chromatography was carried out on a Discovery® C18 HPLC Column (250 x 4.6 mm; 5 particle size) by eluting with a mobile phase consisting of a 60:40 v/v mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile (ACN) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/ minute. The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. Accuracy was assessed by using standard addition method. The developed HPLC method was validated with respect to precision, specificity, accuracy, linearity and robustness. Forced degradation studies on the formulation were conducted by adopting the proposed method to assess the stability of the analytes under acid, base, peroxide, thermal and photolytic conditions and suitability of the method to resolve the degradation products.
ENHANCEMENT INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF CAMPUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH BUSINESS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN SOME COLLEGES IN INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the factors that affect entrepreneurship capital among students at several universities in Indonesia. The focus of this research is to identify the determinants of entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. Specifically, this study investigates the views of respondents regarding entrepreneurship in terms of enhancing the institutional capacity of campus entrepreneurship. It further examines the respondents through self-assessment on entrepreneurship quality and their views on entrepreneurs. In addition, the importance of the various benefits and values for starting a business and the role of influencers according to their perceptions of entrepreneurship will also be analyzed. This study was analyzed through descriptive research method with the aim of obtaining profiling in terms of certain demographic attributes. Thus, entrepreneurship attitudes and intentions can build entrepreneurship skills through appropriate learning methods supported by strengthening the institutional capacity of campus entrepreneurship as a business incubator, container assistance, and entrepreneurship training.
The Nature and Persistence of Buyback Anomalies

Using recent data, we reject the hypothesis that the buyback anomalies first reported by Lakonishok and Vermaelen (1990, Journal of Finance 45:455--77) and Ikenberry, Lakonishok, and Vermaelen (1995, Journal of Financial Economics 39:181--208) have disappeared over time. We find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that open market repurchases are a response to a market overreaction to bad news: significant analyst downgrades, combined with overly pessimistic forecasts of long-term earnings. Stock prices after tender offers are set as if all investors tender their shares, but empirically they do not. Thus, the arbitrage opportunity persists because the market sets prices as if the average, not the marginal investor, determines the stock price. The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
Porous Lattice-based Transformer Encoder for Chinese NER

Incorporating lattices into character-level Chinese named entity recognition is an effective method to exploit explicit word information. Recent works extend recurrent and convolutional neural networks to model lattice inputs. However, due to the DAG structure or the variable-sized potential word set for lattice inputs, these models prevent the convenient use of batched computation, resulting in serious inefficient. In this paper, we propose a porous lattice-based transformer encoder for Chinese named entity recognition, which is capable to better exploit the GPU parallelism and batch the computation owing to the mask mechanism in transformer. We first investigate the lattice-aware self-attention coupled with relative position representations to explore effective word information in the lattice structure. Besides, to strengthen the local dependencies among neighboring tokens, we propose a novel porous structure during self-attentional computation processing, in which every two non-neighboring tokens are connected through a shared pivot node. Experimental results on four datasets show that our model performs up to 9.47 times faster than state-of-the-art models, while is roughly on a par with its performance. The source code of this paper can be obtained from this https URL.
Introducing of a New Experimental Method in Semen Preparation: Supernatant Product of Adipose Tissue: Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SPAS)

Human male infertility mostly is due to deficient semen parameters. One of the seminal plasma components providing chemical function of the ejaculate is growth factors functioning as paracrine, autocrine, and/or endocrine regulators of cell growth and differentiation. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells secret several proteins, such as cytokine, growth factors, and chemokine. On the other hand, due to contemporary semen preparation methods limitations, development of a new approach having least adverse effects and most efficiency is unavoidable. So, we decided to assess the effect of semen sample incubation with SPAS on semen parameters including motility, viability and DNA fragmentation. Semen sample of infertile men attending infertility treatment center whose were 30-40 years old was incubated with supernatant product of adipose tissue- derived mesenchymal Stem cells (SPAS). Motility parameters, viability and DNA fragmentation were evaluated using CASA software, eosin- nigrosine staining and halosperm kit respectively. Then conventional method of semen preparation for Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI)- Density gradient centrifugation (DGC)- was compared with SPAS method. Incubation of semen samples with SPAS (specially SP of 8×105 AD-MSCs for 40 minutes at 1:1 ratio) significantly increased motility parameters while decreased DNA fragmentation (p≤0.05) and has no effect in terms of semen viability. Also, SPAS was significantly more influential in improvement of motility parameters than DGC (p≤0.05). Since effect of growth factors in improvement of motility and DNA fragmentation is documented in previous studies, it seems that SPAS can be an effective method which provides all these factors together.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Past an Oscillating Circular Cylinder using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Consistent Flux Reconstruction Scheme

This paper proposes an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian incompressible finite volume scheme based on Consistent Flux Reconstruction method (ALE-CFR) on deforming two-dimensional unstructured triangular grids. The scheme is further applied to solve for a problem of two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow past a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder when subjected to forced transverse oscillations at Re = 100. The paper first focuses on the mathematical development and validation of the ALE-CFR scheme and then its application on the problem. The rotational oscillation frequencies were taken corresponding to the four primary vortex shedding mode frequencies discovered from the studies conducted by Tokumaru and Dimotakis. The transverse oscillation frequency was varied for a frequency ratio $f_{tv}$ with respect to natural strouhal frequency for flow past a stationary circular cylinder from $0.9 \leq f_{tv} \leq 3.0$. The amplitude ratio for transverse oscillations was taken as 0.2 with respect to the cylinder diameter. The distinct effects on the vortex shedding patterns and the contributions of such rotational and transverse oscillations on lift and drag characteristics of the circular cylinder are studied using the newly developed scheme.
Machine Learning for SERS Quantitative Detection of Pyocyanin

Author(s): Nguyen, Cuong Quoc | Advisor(s): Ragan, Regina | Abstract: Since its discovery in 1977, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been cemented as a powerful spectroscopic technique. Taking advantage of local electric field enhancement from plasmonic nanostructures, SERS provides vibrational fingerprints down to the single molecule detection limits. Yet fully capitalizing on the technique has proven challenging. The problem is rooted in (1) inherent variances in SERS enhancement factors and (2) dated spectral analysis technique. To address (1), I present a fabrication scheme that produces optically uniform SERS substrates by employing electrohydrodynamic flow to drive chemical crosslinking between colloidal gold nanospheres. The resulting substrates exhibit SERS signals with relative standard deviation of 10.4 % over 100 × 100 μm2. With pyocyanin as analyte - a secondary metabolite produced by P. aeruginosa - SERS substrates exhibit limit of quantification of 1 ng·mL-1 and robust quantification of concentrations spanning 5-orders of magnitude. To address (2), I implemented three machine learning algorithms to analyze SERS spectra. Partial least squares regression is crucial in monitoring of P. aeruginosa biollm formation in a microfluidic environment, enabling detection as early as 3 h after inoculation in complex media. Feedforward artificial neural networks trained on pyocyanin data produces prediction errors of 6.2 ± 1.1 %. Finally, 1D convolutional neural networks trained with spectra stack further reduces prediction errors to an impressive 4.9 ± 0.9 %. Overall, this thesis demonstrates SERS spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool while laying the foundation to fully exploit its sensing capability by integrating machine learning in the analysis pipeline.
Exploring Hierarchical Interaction Between Review and Summary for Better Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis provides a useful overview of customer review contents. Many review websites allow a user to enter a summary in addition to a full review. It has been shown that jointly predicting the review summary and the sentiment rating benefits both tasks. However, these methods consider the integration of review and summary information in an implicit manner, which limits their performance to some extent. In this paper, we propose a hierarchically-refined attention network for better exploiting multi-interaction between a review and its summary for sentiment analysis. In particular, the representation of a review is layer-wise refined by attention over the summary representation. Empirical results show that our model can better make use of user-written summaries for review sentiment analysis, and is also more effective compared to existing methods when the user summary is replaced with summary generated by an automatic summarization system.