Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATMPA: Attacking Machine Learning-based Malware Visualization Detection Methods via Adversarial Examples

Since the threat of malicious software (malware) has become increasingly serious, automatic malware detection techniques have received increasing attention, where machine learning (ML)-based visualization detection methods become more and more popular. In this paper, we demonstrate that the state-of-the-art ML-based visualization detection methods are vulnerable to Adversarial Example (AE) attacks. We develop a novel Adversarial Texture Malware Perturbation Attack (ATMPA) method based on the gradient descent and L-norm optimization method, where attackers can introduce some tiny perturbations on the transformed dataset such that ML-based malware detection methods will completely fail. The experimental results on the MS BIG malware dataset show that a small interference can reduce the accuracy rate down to 0% for several ML-based detection methods, and the rate of transferability is 74.1% on average.
Predicting Individuals’ Usage Intention of Social Commerce

Online interactions pave the way for new streams of collaborations and support among connected users of social networking sites, and this collaboration is leveraged for business purposes. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a growing body of research on social commerce by studying individuals’ behavior from the consumer perspective of information technology innovations . By adopting “social support” and the technology acceptance model as a theoretical base, this study used a web-based questionnaire survey to collect data from 325 users of SNSs in Jordan. The data were then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences regression. Jordan was selected because it is a country that has reported high SNS usage compared to other countries. The main factors that were identified as playing a significant role in individual adoption of social commerce were social commerce construct and perceived usefulness. This study did not find enough evidence that perceived ease of use and perceived information quality were a significant determinant of social commerce adoption. These findings have important implications and value for the academia, businesses managers, and social media specialists in terms of formulating better strategies for handling social commerce effects on businesses. For social media specialists, using the research model in this study can assist in increasing their understanding of why some individuals choose to adopt social commerce services. Additionally, business managers may need to improve their interaction with SNS users and develop a better understanding of how consumers use social commerce in the purchasing decision process. Based on our review of the existing scientific literature on social commerce, few empirical studies have been conducted to scientifically evaluate and explain the usage behavior of social commerce in Jordan. This paper contributes to the continuing research in social commerce adoption and diffusion in the individual context.
MICROREVIEW 30 years of the drug candidate NAMI-A and the myths in the field of ruthenium anticancer compounds : a personal perspective

As anticipated in the title, this contribution is basically divided into two, strictly connected, parts. The first contains a personal overview of the ruthenium drug candidate NAMI-A, almost 30 years after its making and the discovery of its unprecedented antimetastatic properties in animal models at non-toxic dosages. The sections concerning the chemical and biological behaviors of the complex, and the hypotheses on its mechanism(s) of action, are kept to a minimum, whereas more space is devoted to discuss the results of the clinical investigations. The second part of this review treats in detail a number of undemonstrated commonplaces (or myths) that, over the years, have thrived around NAMI-A and other ruthenium drug candidates, thus affecting negatively the whole field of Ru anticancer drugs.
The European Large Area ISO Survey – III. 90-μm extragalactic source counts

We present results and source counts at 90 μm extracted from the preliminary analysis of the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS). The survey covered about 12 deg 2 of the sky in four main areas and was carried out with the ISOPHOT instrument onboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) . The survey is at least an order of magnitude deeper than the IRAS 100-μm survey and is expected to provide constraints on the formation and evolution of galaxies. The majority of the detected sources are associated with galaxies on optical images. In some cases the optical associations are interacting pairs or small groups of galaxies, suggesting that the sample may include a significant fraction of luminous infrared galaxies. The source counts extracted from a reliable subset of the detected sources are in agreement with strongly evolving models of the starburst galaxy population.
Effects of fungal root infection on the vigor of grapevines infested by root-feeding grape phylloxera

The role of fungal pathogens in damage of grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L.; cv. Chardonnay) associated with grape phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH) was investigated. Seven different genera of secondary fungi were isolated from surface-disinfected feeding sites of phylloxera but none from surface-disinfected root tissues undamaged by phylloxera. Damage in vines infested with phylloxera and infected with Fusarium solani (MART.) or with F. solani and Pythium ultimum TROW. was significantly greater than damage in vines infested with phylloxera only. In a greenhouse experiment, total biomass was reduced by 16% in vines infested with phylloxera and 24 to 29% in vines infested with phylloxera and infected with fungus in comparison with control vines. Chlorophyll content, average internode length, shoot biomass, and root biomass in the uninfested, uninfected vines were significantly greater than vines infested with phylloxera or vines infested with phylloxera and infected with F. solani or P. ultimum , or both. Preventative treatment with metalaxyl, benomyl or copper quinolinolate fungicides significantly decreased damage in phylloxera-infested vines in comparison with untreated vines. The implications of this research with respect to management of grape phylloxera are discussed.
Polls, plans and tweets: an analysis of the candidates’ discourses during the 2018 Brazilian presidential election

Over the past years, Brazil has gone through movements of erosion of trust, and political scandals made room for new presidential candidates to arise, many fueled by a liberal agenda or pure and simple distaste for the legacy of the left-wing party that was in power. This led to a heated election in 2018, with 13 candidates facing off each other online and offline during the first round, fomenting passionate debates among a population of over 208 million with a vast online audience. In this context, a growing relevance of online campaigning appears, with the widespread use of social media by the candidates. By the means of a research methodology centered on discourse and quantitative analysis in politics, we discussed the converging and diverging patterns that emerged among election polls, comparing the online performance manifested on Twitter throughout the first round of presidential elections with the officially registered government plan. Our goal was to see if data visualization could help to explain the relevance of online campaigning in social media and how candidates reacted to the election polls and debates through posting on Twitter. The proposed research methodology and related tools can be used to perform the same type of analysis in future elections.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION-68(CD-68) AND KI-67 IN ASTROCYTOMAS

Astrocytoma is common primary malignant brain tumors which arise from immortalized astrocytes. In astrocytoma microglia density is higher than in normal brain, and microglia increase in number according to the grade of malignancyIntense CD68 staining was marginally significant prognosticator for shorter survival.Since proliferative activity is a reliable method to assess tumour biology. Ki-67/MIB-1 has proven to be of prognostic and diagnostic power in astrocytic tumours and shown to correlate with tumour grade. Aim: This study was conducted to detect immunohistochemical expression of CD-68 and Ki-67 in astrocytoma and assessing their relation to proliferative activity and prognosis of such tumors. Methods: Thirty representative cases; 30 cases of astrocytoma examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against CD-68 and Ki-67. Results: CD-68 was positive in 73.3% of astrocytoma cases and it was negative in 26.7%. LowKi-67LI was found in low grade astrocytoma and high Ki-67 LI was found in high grade astrocytoma. Conclusion: CD-68 and Ki-67 were the most useful IHC markers in the discrimination of different grades of astrocytoma and predict proliferative activity and prognosis of such tumors. Key words: Astrocytoma, Prognosis, CD-68, Ki-67.
The effect of ramp constraints on coalitional storage games

Energy storage systems (ESS) are envisaged as a solution to a vast number of problems in Smart Grids, yet their prices are hindering a massive adoption at residential level. To facilitate such massive deployments, we propose the shared investment in a battery among a group of consumers. We obtain conditions under which such collective purchase is profitable and show that the earnings that can be obtained by a community are directly linked to key properties of the battery, ramp constraints in particular, and individual intraday consumption profiles. This is achieved by modeling the investment problem using cooperative game theory. For an extensive class of relevant games, we provide theoretical results guaranteeing the existence of a non-empty core, i.e., a set of payoffs across consumers that are stable against the formation of sub-coalitions. Empirical validation of the results is carried with real consumption data from Pecan Street and characteristics of typical batteries available on the market.
Clinical and histopathological presentation of pustular psoriasis in an HLA-B27-positive Caucasian with reactive arthritis

eactive arthritis (ReA) was first described in 1916 by Hans Reiter, a German physician, and was known as Reiter's syndrome. The classic triad of Reiter's syndrome consists of post-infectious arthritis, nongonococcal urethritis and conjunctivitis. However, the term "Reiter's syndrome" was replaced with "reactive arthritis" in 2003 so as not to honor Hans Reiter, who was found guilty of committing war crimes in Germany during the Second World War. ReA is classified as one of the spondyloarthropathies (SpA), along with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated spondyloarthropathy. These are known as seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SNSA) because the rheumatoid factor (RF) is usually negative. The human leukocyte antigen, HLA-B27, is strongly associated with ReA (30%70% HLA-B27 positive rate), including SpA groups. HLA-B27-associated arthritis is distinguished from HLAB27 non-associated "infection-related arthritides," such as post-streptococcal, Lyme, and viral arthritis. Mucocutaneous lesions associated with sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA) are specific. White plaques of circinate balanitis on the penis and erythematous macules Case Report Kitasato Med J 2011;41:97-102
Seasonal Dynamics and Biomass of Mixotrophic Flagellate Dinobryon

Mixotrophic protists, combining both heterotrophy and phototrophy, are found abundantly in eutrophic waters. Dinobryon sertularia Ehr. from Chrysophyceae (golden algae) are mixotrophic organisms often make up blooms and colony in pools, lakes and dam reservoirs. This study was carried out in Derbent Dam Lake in the Middle Black Sea Region. Seasonal dynamics and biomass of D. sertularia were investigated at four stations between February 2001 and July 2002. D. sertularia consisted of 47-60% in spring, 61-79% in summer, and 82-88% in autumn of all phytoplankton population. In August 2001, D. sertularia was calculated in the highest amounts numbers (18,740-13,140 cells ml). This species provided important contributions to phytoplankton biomass. In the present study, it was found that there is an inverse correlation between water depth and phytoplankton biomass production. According to Bray-Curtis Similarity Indice, 88% similarity was determined among Station 3, Station 4 and 4-6 m of Station 1. D. sertularia was dominant and common organism in all seasons. The reservoir water was defined as oligomesotrophic and alkaline characters (pH 7.98), and average temperature was 15.56C.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of IRRDB 1981 and Wickham Rubber Germplasm Based on EST-SSR

The accession of the IRDB 1981 (PN’81) population is a newly introduced and an important rubber tree germplasm while the Wickham clone is a commercial variety one. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic diversity and the population structure of PN’81 populations and the Wickham clones using 15 EST-SSR loci. Results of the analysis showed that the evaluated SSR primers yielded polymorphic markers. The gSSR 268 primer pairs yielded the most informative markers while HBE 280 primers generated the lowest ones. Results of the genetic diversity analysis supported that the PN’81 population belonged to a single large natural population of rubber trees while the Wickham clones belonged to a different group than that of PN’81. The population structure analysis of the rubber accessions was also in agreement with the results of the genetic diversity analysis. The experiment also indicated that PN’81 populations would be useful for future rubber breeding in Indonesia, especially as the sources of parent clones for rubber tree hybridization programs and rubber tree genetic resource conservation.
Awarding GCSE and GCE - time to reform the code of practice?

It is argued that, although the process has changed little since GCE A levels started in 1951, much of the context in which it is practised has changed substantially, and as such it should be reconstructed, perhaps quite radically. In particular, it is argued that the process has neither adequately kept pace with, nor adapted to, the findings of research projects, developments in technology, and the availability of mass, candidate-level data. Some of its implicit theoretical underpinnings are frequently exposed as ill-founded, it is expensive in terms of both time and money, and is opaque and not conducive to rigorous monitoring and evaluation. Perhaps most concerning of all is the evidence that strict adherence to the statutory GCSE, GCE and AEA Code of Practice (CoP) (2009) not only provides no guarantee of the alignment of standards – whether between awarding organisations or years – it may actually serve to undermine that aim. In short, it is argued that the process is in need of a substantial reform.
CFD modelling of the interaction between the Surface Boundary Layer and rotor wake. Comparison of results obtained with different turbulence models and mesh strategies

A simplified CFD wake model based on the actuator disk concept is used to simulate the wind turbine, represented by a disk upon which a distribution of forces, defined as axial momentum sources, are applied on the incoming non-uniform flow. The rotor is supposed to be uniformly loaded, with the exerted forces function of the incident wind speed, the thrust coefficient and the rotor diameter. The model is tested under different parameterizations of turbulence models and validated through experimental measurements downwind of a wind turbine in terms of wind speed deficit and turbulence intensity.
Predictive Switch-Controller Association and Control Devolution for SDN Systems

For software-defined networking (SDN) systems, to enhance the scalability and reliability of control plane, existing solutions adopt either multi-controller design with static switch-controller association, or static control devolution by delegating certain request processing back to switches. Such solutions can fall short in face of temporal variations of request traffics, incurring considerable local computation costs on switches and their communication costs to controllers. So far, it still remains an open problem to develop a joint online scheme that conducts dynamic switch-controller association and dynamic control devolution. In addition, the fundamental benefits of predictive scheduling to SDN systems still remain unexplored. In this paper, we identify the non-trivial trade-off in such a joint design and formulate a stochastic network optimization problem which aims to minimize time-averaged total system costs and ensure long-term queue stability. By exploiting the unique problem structure, we devise a predictive online switch-controller association and control devolution (POSCAD) scheme, which solves the problem through a series of online distributed decision making. Theoretical analysis shows that without prediction, POSCAD can achieve near-optimal total system costs a tunable trade-off for queue stability. With prediction, POSCAD can achieve even better performance with shorter latencies. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate POSCAD. Notably, with mild-value of future information, POSCAD incurs a significant reduction in request latencies, even when faced with prediction errors.
Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Acokanthera oppositifolia and Leucaena leucocephala

Objective:The generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals in human is suggested to contribute to the wide range of pathological disturbances such as, inflammations, cancer, diabetes and arthritis. Therefore the present study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Acokanthera oppositifolia and Leucaena leucocephala. Methods:Three different solvent extractsof both plants were used in thestudy toevaluate their TPC by using Folin Coilteau reaction and flavonoid contents were determined by AlCl3 assay. The antioxidant potential was determined using four different test including metal chelation, reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging and by hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Results:Total phenol content ranged from 7.51±. 02 to 12.06±. 03 mg GAEg -1 (Gallic acid equivalent) for A.oppositifoliaand13. 40±. 08 to 28.49±. 02mg GAEg -1 for L. leucocephalawhile total flavonoid ranged 0.373±0.04 to 1.325±0.08 mgQEg -1 (Quercetin equivalent) for A.oppositifoliaand 2.806±0.05 to 3.587±. 003 mg QEg -1 for L. leucocephala. All the extractsunder study exhibited good antioxidant activity in concentration dependent manner. Among all extracts methanolic extract of A. oppositifolia andchloroform extract of L. leucocephala exhibited better Fe 2+ chelating activity with IC50 0.065 and 0.112 mg/ml respectively,Fe (III) to Fe (II) reducing capacity with IC50 0.23 and 0.42 mg/ml and superoxide anion scavengingpotential with IC500.425 and 0.675 mg/ml. In scavenging of hydroxyl radical A. oppositifolia acetone and L. leucocephala methanolic extract was most effective one with an inhibitory effect of 83.22 % ±. 03 and 85.47 % respectively at 1.0 mg/ml (IC50 0.12 & 0.25 mg/ml). Conclusion:All the extractsA.oppositifoliaand L. leucocephalaleaves is potentiallygood source of antioxidant, which are found to be quite promising as a multipurpose medicinal agent. Phenolic and flavonoids contents are suggested to be responsible for antioxidant potential.
Evaluation of Seed Quality of Barley Varieties through Controlled Deterioration Test

Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all the seeds and leads to the gradual decline in seed viability. Storage temperature and the seed moisture content are the most important determinants of longevity in storage. The rate at which the seed deterioration process takes place depends on the tolerance of seeds to resist degradation which is specific for different species (Gupta and Aneja, 2004). The processing and storage problems are common in tropical countries like India which has hot and humid tropical and subtropical conditions with fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature throughout the year. Seed deterioration is generally characterized by reduced seedling growth, germination capacity and viability (Mohammadi et al., 2011). The rate of seed deterioration varies greatly among the varieties of the same species (Jatoi et al., 2001).
Effects of different degrees of acidity and concentration of bleaching agents on human enamel mineral content and surface morphology over time

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH and concentration of bleaching agents on the mineral content and surface morphology of human dental enamel for 14 days. Material and Methods : Eighty human central incisors were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10): G1-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G2–9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G3-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G4-9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G5-10% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G6-16% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G7-37% phosphoric acid 15s (positive control); G8-no treatment (negative control). The mineral analysis of the bleaching gel collected was assessed by ICP-AES and surface morphology was observed by SEM. Results : Friedman and Dunn’s statistical test demonstrated significant differences among the proposed treatments (p 0.01). However, the latter groups showed significantly higher values as compared to groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 (p<0.01). Conclusion : Alteration in enamel mineral content may not be influenced by concentration when bleaching agents with the same pH are compared. The most apparent alterations in mineral content and surface morphology may be noted when more acidic products are used. The daily mineral content measurement may not be influenced by repeated applications of bleaching agents. Keywords Dental bleaching; Mineral content; Enamel; Peroxide; Demineralization; pH.
Proactive Inter-Datacenter Multicast with Realtime and Bulk Transfers

In content distribution networks, a key objective is the efficient utilization of the network that interconnects geographically distributed datacenters. This is a challenging problem due to vastly different characteristics and requirements of bulk and realtime transfers that share the interconnection network. Bulk transfers aim at delivering a copy of a usually large file to multiple datacenters before a deadline, while realtime transfers are absolutely delay-intolerant with unsteady and dynamic demands. In this paper, we consider the problem of multicasting deadline-critical bulk transfers in an inter-datacenter network in the presence of unknown and fluctuating demand by realtime transfers. Specifically, we develop a joint admission control and routing algorithm called PMDx, which anticipates future realtime demands and proactively reserves just the right amount of network resources in order to serve future realtime transfers without adversely affecting network utilization or bulk transfer deadlines. We show that the PMDx algorithm is a $2/\delta$-approximation with probability $1-\varepsilon$, and runs in polynomial time proportional to $\ln(1/\varepsilon)/(1-\delta)^{2}$, for $0 < \delta, \varepsilon < 1$. We also provide extensive model-driven simulation results to study the behaviour of our algorithms in real world network topologies. Our results confirm that PMDx is very close to the optimal, and improves the utilization of the network by 14% compared to a recently proposed algorithm.