Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AN EFFECTIVE TOOL IN REDUCING AND PREVENTING MEDICAL ERRORS: SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

Medical errors are a great concern among health care authorities and providers. Medical error is the third most common cause of death in the United States Health Care Facilities and every year, almost 98,000 people die as a result of this problem. Health care policy makers recommend that application of information technology may promote patient safety through prevention of errors, creation of surveillance and error analysis. Medical errors happen with medications ,treatments ,diagnoses ,procedures and administration. CPOE (Computerized Physician Order Entry), CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System), HER (Electronic Health Record) and BCMA( Bar Code Medication Administration) are known systems for preventing and reducing medical errors. This article means to the review and define medical errors as well as analyzing the effect of information technology on reducing and preventing medical errors. Finally some suggestions are presented on the use of IT in health care facilities. Keywords : Information Technology; Medication Errors; Diagnostic Errors.
Continuing Care of Multiorgan Donor Patients

Preserving the optimal function of donor organs must be the primary goal of physicians caring for patients who have been certified brain dead and from whom organs will be transplanted. During the hours before organ removal, several significant medical challenges may emerge. These challenges include restoration and maintenance of intravascular volume and cardiac output to assure adequate oxygen delivery to donor tissue; re suscitation of the patient from spontaneous cardiac ar rest ; evaluation and reversal of polyuria; management of poikilothermia and the effects of hypothermia; and treat ment of hypopituitarism and other possible changes in circulating hormones. Individual organ function and the interdependency among donor organs must be carefully monitored and balanced to assure that the recipient re ceives organs that have the best opportunity for optimal primary function. Care of the multiorgan brain dead pa tient and his or her family requires a multidisciplinary team skilled not only in the medical and surgical aspects of transplantation but also in the care of families who have suffered loss. A new focus for patient care is appropriate after the decision has been made that a patient is brain dead and will become an organ donor. Because preser vation of brain function is no longer possible, treat ment priorities should shift to maximize perfusion and function of the donor organs. Through careful management of the donor patient, the recipient will receive organs that are less likely to undergo pri mary failure. This discussion will review the physio logical support necessary to sustain brain dead pa tients and to optimize donor organ function until organ removal is completed. It is assumed that indi vidual organs will be assessed and accepted or re jected for donation using criteria established by lo cal organ procurement teams. Such criteria will not be discussed here. The brain dead organ donor presents a variety of management challenges (Table 1) that may extend over many hours while members of transplant teams and organ recipients are assembled and tis sue testing is completed. The responsibility for care may remain with the admitting physician or critical care medicine specialists, or it may be transferred to the transplant service. Coordination, however, remains the key to a successful outcome. The avail ability and interest of a knowledgeable physician to supervise the donor patient's care continues to be crucial because a variety of problems, each capable of rendering donor organs useless, may develop in the hours between brain death and organ removal.
Coinage in Roman Egypt: The Hoard Evidence

The Evidence of Coin Hoards Currency in Roman Egypt The Hoards of Tetradrachms: Karanis Other Hoards of Tetradrachms Nero and a Stable Currency Commodus and a Dormant Crisis? Gallienus and Aurelian Probus and the Tetrarchy From Corrosion to Clarity Index.
Comparing male and female dental students′ perceptions regarding their learning environment at a dental college in Northwest, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Male and female students often have different expectations and requirements regarding learning institutions. Taibah Dental College has separate male and female sections, and it is essential to determine the students′ perceptions regarding the dental college. Methods: All male and female dental students who were in the 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th year of study during the 2014/2015 academic year were asked to participate. The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure, which is a self-administered questionnaire, was used to obtain the necessary data. It consists of fifty items categorized into five domains. For each item, students chose one option that best described their perceptions using a Likert-type scale. A higher score indicated higher levels of satisfaction and vice versa. Results: The 4 th year female students reported the lowest scores. Overall the scores were relatively low and indicated that students were generally dissatisfied. Common areas of dissatisfaction included poor learning experiences, poor teaching experiences, and type of learning atmosphere. The 3 rd year females reported significantly higher scores for their teaching experience compared to their male counterparts. There were significant differences for each domain between the years of study with the 4 th year having lowest scores. Conclusion: In general, the student′s perception was low but within the range of other similar studies. The females tended to be much more dissatisfied compared to males and the 4 th year seemed to have the most problems.
(Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.,17:924-929)High ejaculation frequency enhances semen production in Taiwan Country chickens

The objective of this study were to investigate the effect of ejaculation frequency on semen characteristics and to establish a method for quick assessment of sperm concentration in TCC using packed cell volume (PCV) as the parameter (Trial 1). Eighty senior roosters, averaging 61 wk-old, were used and the sperm concentrations were determined using a hemacytometer. The PCV value was measured in a capillary (0.75 mm in inner diameter) by centrifugation. A simple linear regression analysis suggested that the sperm concentrations were significantly correlated with PCV values (r=0.62, p<0.001). Trial 2 was conducted to determine the optimal ejaculation frequency of TCC roosters in a weekly semen collection program. The male birds were subjected to 1, 2, 3 or 6 ejaculations per week for four consecutive weeks and semen characteristics including ejaculation volume (EV, mL), sperm motility (%), PCV (%), sperm concentration (ESC, ×10 9 /mL), weekly sperm production (WSP, 10 9 /wk) and average motile sperm numbers (AMSN, ×10 9 /ejac) were determined. Average EV was greater in the group with 3 ejac/wk than with only 1 ejac/wk in weeks 1 and 3 of the collection period. WSP increased with ejaculation frequency during the first 3 weeks of collection (p<0.05). Sperm motility was better in the birds with 6 ejac/wk than in single ejaculation group for the first 2 wk and no significant differences were found for the last 2 wk of study. In contrast, the PCV value showed a trend of reduction for the first 2 wks in the 6 ejac/wk group. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the AMSN among treatment groups. The weekly motile sperm production (WMSP) increased with ejaculation frequency. Based on our observation, PCV values could be used for a quick estimation of sperm concentration and an intensive semen collection program enhanced weekly sperm production in TCC roosters.
The effect of compensation on employees motivation: In Jimma University academic staff

This study investigates the role of compensation and its components such as payment, promotion, recognition, working condition and benefit towards academic staffs work motivation in Jimma University. The population of this study was 1337 academic staff of Jimma University. The researcher stratified the total population of the study based on their college. The samples were selected proportionally and conveniently from the strata. In this study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. The primary data were gathered through questionnaires from 230 respondents of Jimma university academic staffs. An interview was also conducted with human resource personnel and each college deans of the university. Journals, books, internet, and other references were used as secondary sources of data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and inferential statistics such as correlations and regression analysis The findings of this study indicated that there is a relationship between compensation and its components and employee work motivation.
Gazing into the Crystal Ball: When the Future Internet Meets the Mobile Clouds

The latest advances in mobile devices and the widespread diffusion of networked objects are driving the evolution of traditional Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) systems toward a new framework where storage, computing, sensing, and other device capabilities are offered as a service at the network edge. This visionary scenario, encompassing heterogeneous resources generated, shared, and consumed everywhere in the network, requires innovative architectural and protocol design. In this context, can the approaches recently formulated in the Future Internet research arena (e.g., middleware-based virtualization, Information Centric Networking, and Software-Defined Networking/Network Function Virtualization) support the evolution of mobile cloud systems? This paper provides an affirmative answer by proposing Future-MCC, a novel architecture that capitalizes on such promising approaches and re-thinks (when needed) their philosophy to better fit the evolution of MCC systems. The performance of Future-MCC has been investigated in a representative heterogeneous and dynamic Smart City scenario. Computer simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed solution ensures (i) a reduction of the bandwidth requirements spanning from 66 to 91 percent and (ii) an average energy saving equal to 99 percent with respect to a conventional cloud computing platform.
ÖĞRETMEN ALGILARINA GÖRE OKUL MÜDÜRLERİNİN LİDERLİK STİLLERİ

Bu arastirmanin amaci; okul mudurlerinin liderlik stillerinin incelenmesidir. Arastirmada; betimsel tarama modeli kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin verileri 2014 yilinda, Istanbul ili, Kadikoy ilcesi sinirlari icinde Milli Egitim Bakanligi’na bagli resmi ve ozel okullarda calisan 1.723 ogretmenden elde edilmistir. Bu arastirmada veriler, arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Liderlik Stilleri Olcegi”’den olusan “Okul Mudurlerinin Liderlik Stilleri” envanteri ile toplanmistir. Katilimcilardan elde edilen verilerin girisi, SPSS 17.0 araciligiyla yapilmis ve arastirma sorulari icin uygun istatiksel analizler kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucuna gore: Ogretmenlerin, okul mudurlerinin liderlik stillerine iliskin algi ortalamasi ( = 3.92), donusumcu liderlige iliskin algi ortalamasi ( = 3.94), islemci liderlige iliskin algi ortalamasi ise ( = 3.77)’dir. Ogretmenlerin, okul mudurlerinin donusumcu liderlik ozelliklerine iliskin algilari; mesleki kidemlerine, gorev yaptigi okuldaki calisma surelerine ve ogrenim durumlarina gore anlamli olarak farklilasirken, cinsiyet degiskenine gore farklilasmamaktadir. Ogretmenlerin, okul mudurlerinin islemci liderlik ozelliklerine iliskin algilari; mesleki kidemlerine gore anlamli olarak farklilasirken; cinsiyet, ogrenim durumlari ve gorev yaptigi okuldaki calisma surelerine gore farklilasmamaktadir.
The integrated model of behavioral prediction as a tool for designing health messages: Theory and Practice

INTRODUCTION Why do we study health communication? Why are health messages typically a central component of health interventions? For many of us an obvious part of the answer to these questions is that we have an interest in improving public health, and specifically, that we believe that communication has the potential to improve health behavior. Considering that there is evidence that interventions do not always produce desired effects or can be even countereffective one could wonder whether this is a realistic belief. While there are many reasons why a particular health message may not move people to behavior change as intended, health messages in fact can positively influence behavior change. A primary contributing factor in this regard is the correspondence between the message and the recipient. Maximizing the message– recipient match requires a good understanding of why people engage in healthy or risky behavior. A conceptual framework that can account for different health behaviors in different populations is the integrative model of behavioral prediction (Fishbein, 2000, 2008). This chapter explicates how the integrated model can be used in health interventions to design maximally effective messages for different populations. The integrative model takes a reasoned action approach to understanding behavior, which holds that although an infinite number of variables may in some way influence behavior, only a small number of variables need to be considered to predict, change, or reinforce a particular behavior in a particular population (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975, 2010). The integrative model can identify in any given population which variables most importantly determine a given behavior, and proposes that a health message should address those critical determinants in order to improve the recommended behavior in the particular population. It therefore has the ability to maximize the correspondence between the target population's unique needs and the content of a message. The integrative model is the most recent formulation of Fishbein and Ajzen's (2010) reasoned action approach. The development of the reasoned action approach has been sequential. Most notably is early work by Martin Fishbein in the 1960s on conceptual differences between beliefs, attitude, and intention constructs that he produced in response to scholars who doubted the usefulness of the attitude construct for predicting human behavior (e.g., Fishbein, 1966). This work informed the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), which models beliefs about particular outcomes and referents' approval regarding the behavior as antecedents, and intentions and behaviors as …
Serum Soluble Fas Levels and Superoxide Dismutase Activity and the Risk of Death from Pancreatic Cancer: A Nested Casecontrol Study within the JACC Study

In a search for novel circulating biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, we examined the association between serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the risk of death from pancreatic cancer in a nested case-control study within the Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study. Case subjects were 68 persons who were free of morbidity, had provided a blood sample at baseline (1988-1990), and subsequently died from pancreatic cancer before December 31, 1997. Control subjects were 199 matched persons who were selected from the remaining participants in the cohort. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate age-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). No statistically significant differences were noted in mean sFas levels (p=0.11) and SOD activity (p=0.42) between cases and controls. Overall, neither serum sFas levels nor SOD activity were associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer deaths, after adjustment for area, BMI, cigarette smoking, and history of diabetes. Furthermore, no significant risk trends were noted. Our results do not support the hypothesis that serum sFas levels and SOD activity are associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
Applied Multivariate Techniques

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A high-speed 850-nm optical receiver front-end in 0.18-μm CMOS

A high-speed optical interface circuit for 850-nm optical communication is presented. Photodetector, transimpedance amplifier (TIA), and post-amplifier are integrated in a standard 0.18-μm 1.8-V CMOS technology. To eliminate the slow substrate carriers, a differential n-well diode topology is used. Device simulations clarify the speed advantage of the proposed diode topology compared to other topologies, but also demonstrate the speed-responsivity tradeoff. Due to the lower responsivity, a very sensitive transimpedance amplifier is needed. At 500 Mb/s, an input power of -8 dBm is sufficient to have a bit error rate of 3 ·10 -10 . Next, the design of a broadband post-amplifier is discussed. The small-signal frequency dependent gain of the traditional and modified Cherry-Hooper stage is analyzed. To achieve broadband operation in the output buffer, so-called "f T doublers" are used. For a differential 10 mV pp 2 31 - 1 pseudo random bit sequence, a bit error rate of 5 · 10 -12 at 3.5 Gb/s has been measured. At lower bit-rates, the bit error rate is even lower: a 1-Gb/s 10-mV pp input signal results in a bit error rate of 7 · 10 -14 . The TIA consumes 17 mW, while the post-amplifier circuit consumes 34 mW.
Relationship between student preparedness, learning experiences and agency: Perspectives from a South African university

Background . One of the more discernible needs that challenges universities is addressing the level of preparedness of students entering the higher education environment. Students expect to participate in active learning, while at the same time adopting a certain level of agency to successfully pass through higher education. Objective . To determine the relationship between student preparedness, learning experiences and agency of students in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (FCHS), University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town, South Africa. Methods . A cross-sectional study was conducted on 266 (N=578) convenience sampled 3rd-year students in the FCHS. Data were collected with an instrument constructed from items of evaluation from the departments in the FCHS and other validated instruments. Results . Findings suggest that 3rd-year students perceive themselves as moderately prepared on enrolling at UWC (mean (SD) 13.74 (1.86)); current learning experiences are favourably indicated (94.04 (15.32)). On average, students perceive themselves to be agents of their own learning (51.56 (8.79)). Furthermore, a significantly positive relationship was found between learning experiences and agency. Conclusion . This study broadens our understanding of the Vygotskian perspective of the zone of proximal development, where students bring their own knowledge, interact with lecturers who scaffold their learning, and then become agents in their own learning.
You have printed the following article : Learning by Analogical Bootstrapping

Analogies are typically drawn from a well-understood situation to a situation that is poorly understood. In this research, we investigate a different route to analogical insight. We suggest that mutual alignment-that is, comparison between 2 partially understood situations--can act to promote comprehension and abstraction. We presented participants with 2 analogous scenarios depicting heat flow. They were given processing tasks that varied in the degree to which comparison was required. We then measured insight into the common structure in 3 ways. Participants were asked to (a) specify differences between the 2 pictured scenarios, (b) write scenario descriptions, and (c) rate the similarity of the 2 scenarios. The results show that carrying out comparison promotes greater insight into the common causal structure, but only when the comparison is intensive. The best results were obtained when participants were asked to jointly interpret the scenarios and to list specific correspondences. In a second experiment designed to further pinpoint the source of the comparison advantage, participants were asked to make correspondences between the elements of the 2 scenarios. These results suggest that mutual alignment is an effective means of promoting insight.
Reintubation and risk of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants after surfactant replacement therapy

Background: In preterm infants at risk for RDS, reintubation following surfactant replacement therapy and successful extubation may be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Methods: Initial extubation, reintubation, mortality, and major morbidity rates associated with prematurity from two surfactant trials utilizing lucinactant, colfosceril palmitate, beractant, and poractant alfa were compared for reintubated infants versus infants who were not reintubated, and among treatment groups.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO ISOMETRIC HAND GRIP EXERCISE IN OFFSPRING OF HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE PARENTS

Blood pressure and heart rate response to isometric hand grip exercise were studied in young (age 1725years) normotensive men with parental history of hypertension (n=27) and in young normotensive men with normotensive parents (n=27) with an aim to find whether subjects with positive family history established a different pattern of blood pressure and heart rate responses during isometric hand grip exercise. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at rest (baseline), at 4 minutes after initiation of isometric hand grip (IHG) and after 5 minutes of completion of isometric hand grip. Baseline heart rate (p<0.05) was significantly higher in test group. Baseline blood pressure did not differ between the two groups. Heart rate increased during the IHG in both groups with greater increase (p<0.01) in test group. Heart rate showed delayed recovery (p<0.001) i.e. time taken to return to baseline, in test group. Systolic blood pressure showed greater increase during IHG (p<0.05) and delayed recovery (p<0.001) in test group. We conclude that normotensive subjects with positive family history of hypertension were characterized by increased heart rate and blood pressure responses during IHG and delayed recovery after 5 minutes of completion of IHG as compared with subjects with negative family history. Such increased responsiveness to IHG could be related to subsequent development of high blood pressure in subjects predisposed to essential hypertension.