Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Simultaneous Application of Ultrasound and Microwave on Level of Wrinkle and the Ability of Water Reabsorption during Bell Pepper Drying by Oven

One of the very significant features in dried foods is their ability of absorbing water. Reabsorption of water is a key feature in dried foods, so the more a product has the ability in absorbing water, the better condition will be established. The aim of the research has been investigating effects of microwave, ultrasound and oven on drying bell pepper. Hence, pepper slices were pretreated using microwave and ultrasound separately and then they were placed inside oven for the final drying. In this research three microwaves power (200, 300 and 400 watt), three microwave times( 5, 10 and 15 seconds), three oven temperatures (50, 60 and 70 degree Celsius), three different frequencies of ultrasound (30, 70 and 110 kilohertz) and three different times of using ultrasound (10, 20 and 30 minutes) were applied. The results indicated that using microwave with lower level of time and power, oven with lower temperature and ultrasound with higher level of frequency and fewer times can lead to improvement in the product which can be suggested as a fine pretreatment in producing bell pepper.
Degradation of Organic Dyes over Polymeric Photocatalyst C 3 N 3 S 3

Objective: Due to the good visible-light response and strong electron transfer ability, the polymeric semiconductor C3N3S3 was developed as an inspired photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes. Methods: Trithiocyanuric acid was used as the raw material for the synthesis of C3N3S3 by hydrolytic method in NaOH-KI mixed solution. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and ultravioletvisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were employed to identify the obtained product. Organic dyes with different characteristics were used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of C3N3S3. Results: The characterization results revealed that the obtained sample had the stable structure of C3N3S3 polymer with the band gap of 2.67eV, which is one of the characteristics of conductors. The photocatalytic tests showed that C3N3S3 polymer had good photocatalytic activity and adsorption capacity, especially for the cationic dyes. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity was better when the pH value of dyeing solution was 5. Conclusion: Polymeric semiconductor C3N3S3 showed good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes, which would be one of the most important materials for the environmental remediation and pollution control. Keywords-C3N3S3; Polymeric photocatalyst; Organic dyes; Photocatalytic activity; Adsorption capacity
EVALUATION OF ONLINE SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC BANKS OF GUILAN

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of online service quality on customer satisfaction in banks of Guilan. Standard model of this article was elected based on Yang and others (2004). Six factors including reliability, responsiveness, competence, ease of use, security and Product portfolio are identified as dimensions of online services quality. In the present study, multiple and linear regression was measured the impact of online service quality on satisfaction. The results showed that all 6 factors of online service quality had effect on customer satisfaction of public banks of Guilan.
ON CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY LECTURES

This paper reports on the analysis of the spoken production of academic lectur ers in a Spanish university context where teaching is conducted through a foreign language (English). Adopting a Systemic Functional Approach (Halliday 1994; 2004) as the theoretical framework, this study explores the discourse that non- native speakers use in their engineering lectures as well as the structure that they follow in the delivery of the subject content. The preliminary results show that university lectures are complex genres that do not only transmit factual information (i.e. Halliday's ideational function) but encode multifaceted interpersonal relations which play a vital part in the construction of knowledge and in the conceptualisation of lecturers' and students' roles. A persistent use of the personal pronoun we in conjunction with modal verbs of possibility, specifically can, help to establish common ground between participants while meeting the typical problem-solving structure of scientific discourse. Following previous research (Llinares, Dafouz and Whittaker 2007) this study also views Systemic Functional Grammar as a powerful tool in the analysis of university lectures in particular and CLIL classrooms in general.
Natural gas buses in Serbia public transport: Some operational experiences

The state of development and application of compressed natural gas (CNG) buses in Serbia is presented, together with a review of their number in some European countries and cities. After several years of operation of these buses in the largest fleets in Serbia (Belgrade and Novi Sad), an analysis of their economic benefits and ecological characteristics has been carried out. Special attention is paid to the operational costs and possible savings achievable by CNG buses compared to diesel buses. Ecological characteristics of these buses are presented through the measurements of exhaust emissions on one type of these buses and through presentation and analysis of data from the literature on emissions of the buses of identical or similar engines. The preformed investigations show that application of CNG buses brings significant savings as regards total costs during their operational lifecycle compared to diesel buses. On the other hand, CNG buses have a significant ecological potential as regards fulfilling stringent requirements for exhaust emissions standards.
Progress in ENSO prediction and predictability study

ENSO is the strongest interannual signal in the global climate system with worldwide climatic, ecological and societal impacts. Over the past decades, the research about ENSO prediction and predictability has attracted broad attention. With the development of coupled models, the improvement in initialization schemes and the progress in theoretical studies, ENSO has become the most predictable climate mode at the time scales from months to seasons. This paper reviews in detail the progress in ENSO predictions and predictability studies achieved in recent years. An emphasis is placed on two fundamental issues: the improvement in practical prediction skills and progress in the theoretical study of the intrinsic predictability limit. The former includes progress in the couple models, data assimilations, ensemble predictions and so on, and the latter focuses on efforts in the study of the optimal error growth and in the estimate of the intrinsic predictability limit.
Development of a new method of wavelet aided trend detection and estimation

The detection and estimation of trends in the presence of noise, periodicities, or discontinuous patterns is important in hydrology and climate research studies. The basic idea of currently available trend estimation techniques (tests) is that the trends should be smooth and monotonic; however, hydro‐climatologic variables contain multiple signals, and have segments of increasing and decreasing trends. As a result, estimating trends in time series is an essential but arcane art and it is therefore important to continue developing the theory and practice of trend analysis.
Effects of Petroleum Products Polluted Soil on Ground Beetle Harpalus rufipes

The effects of soil contamination of petroleum products: unleaded petrol, diesel oil and used engine oil on ground beetle Harpalus rufipes De Geer were investigated. We measured development parameters (the survival and growth rate) and biochemical defense system parameters (the activity of the cytosolic fraction enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase, heat shock proteins HSP70, carboxyloesterase and acetylcholinesterase and microsomal fraction enzymes: cytochrome c (P450) reductase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) in the ground beetle H. rufipes. Animals were reared on contaminated soil (6 g of each petroleum product per kg of dry soil weight) through four week. There was no difference in growth rate among animals from different experimental groups. The negative impact was revealed on survival rate of the ground beetles exposed to diesel oil (ca 30 % lower) at the end of the rearing in comparison with animals from control group. In turn, for animals exposed to other petroleum products, the inhibition of some examined enzymes was measured. The effects of each petroleum product were specific. The animals kept through four weeks on soil contaminated with diesel oil had only higher glutathione transferase activity than control ones. The decrease of catalase activity, HSP70 protein in animals exposed to used engine oil and the decrease of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione transferase activity in animals exposed to unleaded petrol were noted.
Effect of deboning time on the quality of broiler breast meat (Pectoralis major)

The present study evaluated the effect of different deboning times on the quality of broiler breast meat. Seventy-two broiler breasts were evaluated. They were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments, six repetitions and two birds per parcel. The treatments were denominated as follows: A - deboning immediately after chilling, B - deboning 1 h after chilling, C - deboning 2 h after chilling, D - deboning 3 h after chilling, E - deboning 4 h after chilling, and F - deboning 24 hours after chilling. Lowest pH values (p<0.05) were seen when deboning was performed 24†h after carcass chilling (pH=6.00) in comparison to deboning at 0 h (6.69) and 1 h (6.42) after chilling. R values were inversely proportional to pH values, i.e., R values were lower (p<0.05) in treatments A (1.05) and B (1.07) when compared to treatment F (1.44). No differences were seen in cooking loss during thermal treatment (broiling) of the muscle P. major. Higher shear forces (p<0.05) were seen in broiled muscles from carcasses with shorter storage times (A - 11.78 kgf and B - 10.75 kgf) before deboning, when compared to treatments E (6.11 kgf) and F (5.64 kgf). Higher L* values were observed in the treatment in which carcass deboning was performed 24 hours after chilling (49.26) in comparison to deboning immediately after chilling (44.68). Therefore, it was concluded that an interval of at least 4 hours is needed between chilling and deboning to obtain broiled breast fillets with tender texture. Furthermore, paler meat color (L* value) was produced with longer carcass storage before deboning.
The Normalisation of Cannabis Use Among Bangladeshi and Pakistani Youth: A New Frontier for the Normalisation Thesis?

Background: The Asian population in Britain has grown, representing the second largest ethnic group; Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Indian nationalities are prevalent (Jivraj, 2012; ONS, 2012). Yet, we know relatively little about the nature and extent of their substance use. Jayadowsky (2006) argues ethnic minority groups may be influenced by the norms and values of the dominant culture. Given recreational drug use has undergone a process of normalisation in Britain (Aldridge et al., 2011; Parker et al, 1998, 2002), we explore the degree to which this is occurring in a Bangladeshi and Pakistani community of Muslim faith in Northern England; a group typically assumed to reject substance use because of robust religious and cultural values. Objectives: To examine the extent, frequency and nature of substance use, and associated attitudes. Methods: A cross-sectional study collecting qualitative data from a sample (N=43) of adolescents accessing a drug service and a range of professionals working with them during 2014. We also present analyses of routinely collected quantitative client data. Results: Adolescent interviewees reported extensive personal experience smoking skunk cannabis, and professionals working in the community confirmed many young Asians smoked it. Its consumption appeared to be accommodated into the daily lives of young people and the supply of it also showed signs of acceptance. Conclusions: Skunk cannabis may be undergoing a process of normalisation within some Asian communities in Britain. Our study has significant implications for the normalisation thesis, finding evidence for normalisation within a subpopulation that is typically perceived to resist this trend.
Anthropogenic pressure on the open ocean: The growth of ship traffic revealed by altimeter data analysis

Marine ecosystems are under increasing anthropogenic pressures from marine and terrestrial activities. Ship traffic, the major cause of change in the open ocean, and its temporal evolution are still largely unknown because of lack of data. Altimeter data provide a new powerful tool to detect and monitor the ship traffic through a method of analysis of echo waveform. The archive of seven altimeter missions has been processed to create a two decade database of ship locations. The estimated annual density maps compare well with the ones obtained from Automatic Identification System. The ship traffic analysis shows a global fourfold growth between 1992 and 2012, the largest increase being observed in the Indian Ocean and the Chinese seas reflecting the world trade change. Although mainly concentrated along lanes, the traffic has a direct impact on the atmosphere, e.g., on the growth of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide in the Indian Ocean.
Effectiveness of a Lesson on Multimodal Writing in Science Education

This study investigates how a multimodal writing lesson was received by 13 to 14-year-olds in a science class. The research addresses the following research questions (i) how does a lesson on multimodal writing effect students’ text production and use of alternative modes of representation in a science writing task, (ii) is there a gender difference in the use of multimodal writing, and (iii) how do different lesson structures affect students’ ability to use multimodal writing. The principles of effective writing-to-learn lesson were implemented and the written products of 98 science students from three different schools were analyzed. Out of these students, 54 were given a lesson on multimodal writing and 44 were in a control group. Content analysis of the data showed that a single lesson on multimodal writing did not affect students’ text production, but students in the test group used more alternative modes than students in the control group. However, this difference in quantity did not affect the quality of the end products. However, a significant difference in the use of multimodal writing was seen between genders, females outperforming males. Furthermore, some differences in lesson structures were noted, but evidence on their effect on learning is not evident. In conclusion, the findings suggest that a single lesson on multimodal writing is not enough for students to understand how to implement multimodal writing, but that good general writing skills benefit students in transferring from traditional writing to multimodal writing.
The Design and Optimization of GaAs Single Solar Cells Using the Genetic Algorithm and Silvaco ATLAS

Single-junction solar cells are the most available in the market and the most simple in terms of the realization and fabrication comparing to the other solar devices. However, these single-junction solar cells need more development and optimization for higher conversion efficiency. In addition to the doping densities and compromises between different layers and their best thickness value, the choice of the materials is also an important factor on improving the efficiency. In this paper, an efficient single-junction solar cell model of GaAs is presented and optimized. In the first step, an initial model was simulated and then the results were processed by an algorithm code. In this work, the proposed optimization method is a genetic search algorithm implemented in Matlab receiving ATLAS data to generate an optimum output power solar cell. Other performance parameters such as photogeneration rates, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and internal quantum efficiency (EQI) are also obtained. The simulation shows that the proposed method provides significant conversion efficiency improvement of 29.7% under AM1.5G illumination. The other results were Jsc = 34.79 mA/cm2, Voc = 1 V, and fill factor (FF) = 85%.
Imparting Multi-functional Performance on Cellulosic Fabrics via Nanotechnology

Three different metal oxides namely TiO2 , MgO and ZnO in the nano particle size (NPs)form were prepared through chemical methods and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) to evaluate its particle size and size distribution. The cotton and viscose fabrics were first pre-treated separately with the NPs metal oxides and then printed with pastes containing reactive and/or natural dyes. The colour strength (K/S) of pre-treated fabrics with nanoparticles were measured and compared with the untreated one. The existence of NPs on the fabrics during printing process highly increase the K/S of the printed goods irrespective of the nature of the colour or the kind of fabrics to be print. However, the value of the K/S of the printed goods depends on: (a) the nature of the metal oxide, (2) its concentration, (c) the nature of the colour, and (d) the nature of the printed fabric. Besides the NPs-treatment leads to produce a coloured fabrics with excellent antibacterial and very good UV protection properties and very good fastness properties.
Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of ecological stress in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the small and random departures from perfect symmetry of an organism's bilateral traits, has been used as a measurement of developmental stability and an indicator of stress in endangered populations. We were interested in testing if the level of developmental stability is the same in different populations experiencing the same conditions, as the use of FA as an indicator of ecological stress is only meaningful if this is true. In order to do this, the effect of thermal stress on wing size FA over a range of temperatures was determined on three different lines of Drosophila melanogaster: two lines were maintained at one of two different constant temperatures (18°C or 28°C) and one under a fluctuating thermal regime (18°C and 28°C) for eight years. The differences in viability of these lines, when reared at a range of different temperatures, are associated with the temperature con- ditions they previously experienced. All lines showed a similar increase in FA at the two ends of the thermal range but with signifi- cantly different mean values. The two units of wing development (compartments) differed in their FA response depending on the selective history of each line. We discuss the implication of our results for the use of FA as an indicator of ecological stres s.
The Right to the City

is true that the town and country separation and contradiction (which envelops without reducing to itself the opposition of the two terms) is part of the social division of labour, it must be acknowledged that this division is neither overcome nor mastered. Far from it. No more than the separation of nature and society, and that of the material and the intellectual (spiritual). Overcoming this today cannot not take place from the opposition between urban fabric and centrality. It presupposes the invention of new urban forms. As far as industrial countries are concerned, one can conceive polycentric cities, differentiated and renovated centralities, even mobile centralities (cultural ones for example). The critique of planning as ideology can be about such and such a conception of centrality (for example, the distinction between the urban and the centres of information and decision-making). Neither traditional city (separated from the countryside to better dominate it), nor the Megalopolis without form or fabric, without woof or warp, would be the guiding idea. The disappearance of centrality is neither called for theoretically nor practically. The only question that can be asked is this one: ‘What social and political forms, what theory will one entrust with the realization on the ground of a renovated centrality and fabric, freed from their degradations? ’
Molecular typing of the fresh water snail Lymnaea arabica, the possible intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, collected from Saudi Arabia, by RAPD- PCR

Fasciolosis is caused by Fasciola hepatica with Lymnaea spp. as intermediate hosts. Lymnaea arabica, as a possible snail host collected from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was investigated by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique. Polymorphic bands from L. arabica were sought for fingerprinting (typing) and identification of this species. The resultant electrophoretic patterns would be used as molecular bio-markers for these molluscas. This will help in the identification of the snails at a molecular level for the first time in the country that, in turn, will help in disease control. This technique was proved to be an accurate, appropriate, efficient and valuable alternative to traditional identification tools of Lymnea spp.
The Effects of Using the Multi Carbohydrase Preparation in Diets Containing Canola Meal on Performance of Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects the addition of multi enzyme preparation and the replacement value of canola meal (CM) for soybean meal (SBM) on performance broiler chickens. A total of 384 (Ros-308) day-old broiler chicks were allotted randomly to 8 dietary treatments each in 4 replicates of 12 birds per pen. The 2 enzyme levels (0 and 500 gr/ton) and the 4 CM levels (0, 20, 30 and 40) were used in 2 x 4 factorial arrangements in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets. The experiment lasted for 42 d and a single mash diet was used throughout the experiment. The body weight (BW) gain and feed consumption were significantly (P 0.05). The interaction between CM and enzyme for total performance parameter at this experiment were not significant. These results showed that CM can be used in place of 20% of the SBM.
New Safrole Oxide Derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro Antiproliferative Activities on A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells

E-mail: dsshin@changwon.ac. krReceived May 29, 2012, Accepted August 1, 2012A number of novel small molecules, safrole oxide derivatives 4a-c, 6a-c, 9a-h, were synthesized by the reactionof safrole oxide with anilines 3 and 5, or its alkyl allyl ether derivative 7 with alkyl bromide 8 in moderateyields. The antiproliferative effects of all the target molecules on A549 cell growth were investigated and it wasfound that the 14 novel compounds could suppress A549 lung cancer cell growth. Among them, compound 6bwas the most effective compound in inhibiting the proliferation of A549 cells.Key Words : Safrole derivatives, A549 cells, MTT assay, Growth inhibitionIntroductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morta-lity in the developed countries, accounting for 26-28% of allcancer deaths.