Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols with the climate model EC-Earth

Abstract. We have integrated the atmospheric chemistry and transport model TM5 into the global climate model EC-Earth version 2.4. We present an overview of the TM5 model and the two-way data exchange between TM5 and the IFS model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the atmospheric general circulation model of EC-Earth. In this paper we evaluate the simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a one-way coupled configuration. We have carried out a decadal simulation for present-day conditions and calculated chemical budgets and climatologies of tracer concentrations and aerosol optical depth. For comparison we have also performed offline simulations driven by meteorological fields from ECMWF's ERA-Interim reanalysis and output from the EC-Earth model itself. Compared to the offline simulations, the online-coupled system produces more efficient vertical mixing in the troposphere, which reflects an improvement of the treatment of cumulus convection. The chemistry in the EC-Earth simulations is affected by the fact that the current version of EC-Earth produces a cold bias with too dry air in large parts of the troposphere. Compared to the ERA-Interim driven simulation, the oxidizing capacity in EC-Earth is lower in the tropics and higher in the extratropics. The atmospheric lifetime of methane in EC-Earth is 9.4 years, which is 7% longer than the lifetime obtained with ERA-Interim but remains well within the range reported in the literature. We further evaluate the model by comparing the simulated climatologies of surface radon-222 and carbon monoxide, tropospheric and surface ozone, and aerosol optical depth against observational data. The work presented in this study is the first step in the development of EC-Earth into an Earth system model with fully interactive atmospheric chemistry and aerosols.
Essais in situ et analyses non-linéaires d'un bâtiment multi-étagé endommagé lors du séisme d'Haïti du 12 janvier 2010

Despite all the damages encountered during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 12-storey reinforced-concrete Digicel building behaved well, sustaining only reparable damages. Visual assessment and ambient vibration tests were carried out to characterize the damages sustained and to identify the building's key dynamics properties (natural vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios). ETABS was used to generate FE models before and after the AVT to evaluate the capabilities of common modelling assumptions to predict the dynamic behaviour of structures. Manual model updating was carried out to present a model representing the building's actual dynamic behaviour. The study showed that the FE method is reliable for predicting the dynamic behaviour of structures, but is very sensitive to the assumptions used during modelling. The model could predict the vibration frequencies precisely, but an accurate representation of the mode shapes required careful model updating. The updated model lead the way to a more sophisticated model able to produce nonlinear time history analyses using the software SeismoStruct. The numerical analyses helped assessing the capabilites of common models to reproduce such events and damages, explaining the observed damages and estimating the probable intensity of the tremor. Several nonlinear analyses involving various ground motion intensities were conducted and the results were compared with the damages reported during the on-site survey. The overall response of the mixed stiff frame-wall structure was clearly dominated by the high stiffness of the shear walls, showing that this type of structural system helps in keeping reasonable inter-storey drift levels. Overall, the building's structure seems to have responded linearly to all the ground motions investigated, but deformation incompatibilities at the interface between beams and shear walls lead to important local damages.
The EDGE-CALIFA survey: the influence of galactic rotation on the molecular depletion time across the Hubble sequence

The authors thank the anonymous referee for the useful insights that largely improved the quality of the paper. DC thanks AxelWeiss and Sharon Meidt for the stimulating discussions. DC acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG through project number SFB956C. The works of DU and LB are supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants AST-1140063 and AST-1616924. ADB and RCL acknowledge support from NSF through grants AST-1412419 and AST-1615960. ADB also acknowledges visiting support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. TW acknowledges support from NSF through grants AST-1139950 and AST-1616199. SFS acknowledges the PAPIIT-DGAPA-IA101217 project and CONACYT-IA-180125. ER is supported by a Discovery Grant from NSERC of Canada. SV acknowledges support from NSF AST-1615960. HD acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the 2014 Ramon y Cajal program MINECO RYC-2014-15686. We acknowledge the usage of the HyperLeda data base (http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr). Support for the CARMA construction was derived from the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the University of Chicago, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, and NSF. This research is based on observations collected at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck Institute forAstronomy (MPIA) and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This research made use of Astropy, a community-developed core PYTHON package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013).
Agility and Speed Standards for Student Teenager Wrestlers

The processes of talent identification and development provide serious advantages to success of athletes. The interpretation of the current situation in the process of the athletes' education gets more worth through the use of objective assessment, in other words using norm values. The observation of the talent by norms is important for each sport event like it is for wrestling. The purpose of this study is to determinate the normative values of speed and agility ability for student wrestlers. The research group is a group of 480 male student wrestlers between 13-16 years old. The linear speed ability of the group is identified for 13 year olds is 3,576±0,239 sec. , for 14 years is 3,422±0,197 sec. , for 15 years is 3,316±0,195 sec. and for 16 years is 3,22±0,166 sec. Agility ability of the students is found out for 13 years is 5,701±0,399 sec. , for 14 years is 5,487±0,391 sec. , for 15 years is 5,399±0,439 sec. and for 16 years is 5,303±0,346 sec. Coaches will have the opportunity to determine objectively the level of their athletes according to their ages because of this study is standardizing speed and agility abilities of student wrestlers as 10% of slices.
Does Language Aptitude Make a Difference? an Investigation of the Effect on Oral Accuracy through Corrective Feedback

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of corrective feedback (prompts and recasts) on oral accuracy with the emphasis on language aptitude. The initial participants of this study were 120 male Iranian elementary learners (15–20 years old) studying English as a foreign language. Their language aptitude was measured by the Words in Sentence component of the Modern Language Aptitude Test-Elementary (MLAT-E) (2002). The Key English Test 2 (2003) was conducted as a placement test. 60 learners were selected using the results of placement and aptitude tests and randomly assigned into three groups (prompt, recast, control) each of them containing 20 members. The study followed placement test, MLAT-E, pre-test, treatment sessions, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test design. A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance was conducted to assess the impact of prompts and recasts on participants’ oral accuracy across three time periods (pre-intervention, post-intervention, three weeks follow-up). The results showed that there was a statistically significant interaction between the use of corrective feedback and the time. The main effect comparing the two types of intervention was statistically significant suggesting a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two teaching approaches showing the superiority of prompts over recasts in post-tests. In the meantime, the results didn’t show any interaction between aptitude and feedback conditions in terms of target language accuracy.
Stock Prices, News, and Business Conditions

Previous research finds that fundamental macroeconomic news has little effect on stock prices. This study shows that after allowing for different stages of the business cycle, a stronger relationship between stock prices and news is evident. In particular, the empirical results suggest that the effect of news about real economic activity depends on the varying responses of expected cash flows relative to equity discount rates. When the economy is strong, for example, the stock market responds negatively to good news about real economic activity, reflecting the larger effect on discount rates relative to expected cash flows.
Classifying low formaldehyde emission from blockboard by gas analysis method and desiccator method

The paper studied formaldehyde emission (FE) of E0 class blockboards by desiccator and gas analysis method. Results showed that for the same formaldehyde emission value got from desiccator method, the gas analysis (GA) values were quite different. It was suggested to use gas analysis method to evaluate formaldehyde emission at low formaldehyde content. The main reason for different gas analysis values was moisture content (MC), the lower the board moisture content the smaller the formaldehyde emission value. Gas analysis value was very sensitive to specimen's moisture content, it was suggested to keep low moisture content could be a solution to decrease formaldehyde emission for blockboards.
Recovery of Tundra Vegetation Three Decades after Hydrocarbon Drilling with and without Seeding of Non-Native Grasses + Supplementary Appendices (See Article Tools)

Oil and gas exploration conducted in the 1970s left a legacy of abandoned test wells with sumps, containing drilling waste, in the Mackenzie Delta region of Canada’s Northwest Territories. One to two years after the wells were decommissioned, a set of sites were seeded with non-native grasses and fertilized to test whether these treatments could accelerate vegetation recovery and prevent erosion. We sampled seeded and unseeded sumps and adjacent tundra vegetation in the Mackenzie Delta region three decades later to examine the impact of post-disturbance seeding treatments on site recovery. Plant species composition and environmental data were collected at 12 sump sites (6 seeded and fertilized and 6 unseeded and unfertilized) in lowland and upland tundra. Multivariate analyses using NMDS and perMANOVA indicated that in the lowlands, seeding and fertilization treatments had small but significant effects on plant species composition that differentiated seeded from unseeded sump caps. Plant communities on sump caps for all treatment types were significantly different from surrounding undisturbed tundra, even after more than 30 years of recovery. Seeded non-native grasses were found on both seeded and unseeded sumps, but not in the surrounding undisturbed tundra. Undisturbed tundra appears resistant to the spread of introduced agronomic grasses, but disturbed areas, such as sumps, provide areas of suitable habitat where non-native plants can persist.
Antiretroviral therapy adherence in Quang Ninh , Vietnam-Analyzing results on adherence from a randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important to obtain a successful treatment, increased quality of life and to decrease drug resistance development in patients. Peer-support is a well-known method, which can help HIV/AIDS patients to improve adherence. Moreover, to improve the therapy for patients living with HIV it is from a public health policy perspective important to study the economical and social benefits of adherence for the treatment and the method peer support. Aim/objective: To assess if there were differences in ART adherence among patients receiving peer support and those who do not in the DOTARV project in Quang Ninh, Vietnam. An additional aim is to investigate adherence in relation to sex and former drug use. Method: Data was extracted from the randomized controlled trial, the DOTARV project. The intervention of the project was peer support. A treatment cohort of 641 patients was randomized into two different treatment cohorts; optimally controlled treatment (OCR) receiving peer support, which means that patients get peer support and self-supervised treatment (SST), which means that patients controlled the treatment without help from a peer supporter. The cohorts were followed up during two years with self-report measures of adherence. An epidemiological and statistical method was applied to investigate the effect of the peer support intervention in relation to gender and IDU ́s. Results: Comparison of frequencies for non-adherence among men and women, former injection drug users and patients without drug use, revealed no significant differences between the support group and the non-support group. However, drug users and male patients within the support group reported a significantly higher non-adherence than patients without a former drug use and women. The regression analysis showed that the support group had less association with non-adherence than the non-support group. Discussion: In contrast to former studies on ART adherence and peer support, the results showed no significant differences in adherence between the patients receiving peer support and the patients without support. This could be due to confounders in the study or bias in the self-report measurements. There was a significant association with non-adherence for the support group compared to the non-support group, which could indicate that peer support is associated with adherence. The results from this study may differ from the final results of the DOTARV project, which has not ended yet.
Comparative development of simple and compound leaves in the genus Cecropia

Plants develop leaves that range from simple to compound in shape. The evolutionary divergence of simple and compound leaves has spurred research into identifying the cellular and molecular processes involved in determining leaf shape. The roles of various genes and signalling pathways have been characterized in specifying leaf shape; however, few studies have investigated leaf primordium structure and shoot apex organization throughout the development of both simple and compound leaves. Using Cecropia obtusa Trecul and Cecropia sciadophylla Martius, two putatively closely related species bearing simple palmate and palmately-compound leaves, respectively, we compared the morphogenesis of leaves of both species at the shoot apex. Analysis of shoot apices using scanning electron microscopy yielded a nonsignificant difference in leaf primordium divergence angles and plastochron ratios, suggesting that divergence of the two leaf types occurred independently of primordium organization and growth rate at the sh.
The development of spelling skill.

By the time the children were 4, adults could easily tell which of the children’s productions were meant as writing and which were meant as drawing. The 4-year-olds’ writings generally consisted of linearly arranged strings of units separated by blanks. The writings tended to be smaller than the drawings. When writing, 3-year-olds either used characters of unidentifiable origin, mostly undifferentiated into units, or nonletters that bore some resemblance to Hebrew letters. Four-year-olds used a combination of real Hebrew letters, digits, and letters of the Roman alphabet, which these children had probably seen in addition to Hebrew letters. It was not until age 5 that children predominantly used real Hebrew letters in their writing. Still, these letters were often not the ones found in the conventional spelling of the utterance. The majority of 5-year-olds wrote in the direction that is standard for Hebrew, from right to left. Although children as young as 3 or 4 know that writing looks different than drawing, they do not yet understand that the function of alphabetic writing is to represent the sounds of language. Instead, young children seem to believe that the written forms of words reflect their meanings. Children think that
Natural Language Processing in Artificial Neural Networks: Sentence analysis in medical papers

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and pre-trained word embeddings have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) during the last years. In this project, CNNs are used on top of the Word2Vec word representation for a sentence classification task on medical research articles. Both individual networks for each category as well as a combined classification network are optimized and achieve average AUC scores of 0.89 and 0.82 respectively. A comparison with the results of a collaborating group using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) shows that simple CNNs can now compete with SVMs in this formerly SVM dominated area. In an extension, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are also trained on the same task and shown to be unfavorable compared to CNNs because of their lack of stability.
Effect of Corporate Reporting and Leadership on performance of Kenya Football Premium League

Football is an “industry” and clubs “businesses” characterized by competition for resources. The opportunities presented by expanding markets and the challenges of an environment characterized by increasing competition require that clubs successfully position themselves to build sustainable, competitive advantage. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effects of corporate reporting and leadership structures on performance of soccer management in Kenya Premium League. The study adopted descriptive research design taking 96 elected officials and 48 employees giving a total of 144 target population who understood key issues of football governance as the target population of the study. The study used probability sampling random sampling technique to select the respondents. Data was collected using both primary data collection tools. Structured questionnaires administered to the selected respondents was used elicit information related to governance structure of the Clubs whereas both structured questionnaire and secondary data collection form was used to collect information related to Kenya Football Premium League Performance. Although the boards had fair corporate reporting practices, their leadership practices were not to the standard of corporate governance practices characterized by most clubs aligned to specific tribe or counties, the idea which was a replica of their respective boards.
REIT Characteristics and Predictability

This paper examines the relationship between return predictability and REIT characteristics. We build a multifactor model based on a set of firm-specific factors that include (1) Risk factors; (2) Liquidity factors; (3) Expensiveness; (4) Profitability; and (5) Return history. Our model demonstrates the capability of predicting the “winners” and the “losers,” with fairly high consistency. Given the large return differences uncovered by the model, and the fundamental characteristics of the “winners” versus the “losers,” it is unlikely that strong results are artifacts of a biased methodology.
Total electron content responses to HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms over South America

Abstract. Total electron content (TEC) is extensively used to monitor the ionospheric behavior under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. This subject is of greatest importance for space weather applications. Under disturbed conditions the two main sources of electric fields, which are responsible for changes in the plasma drifts and for current perturbations, are the short-lived prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) and the longer-lasting ionospheric disturbance dynamo (DD) electric fields. Both mechanisms modulate the TEC around the globe and the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) at low latitudes. In this work we computed vertical absolute TEC over the low latitude of South America. The analysis was performed considering HILDCAA (high-intensity, long-duration, continuous auroral electrojet (AE) activity) events and geomagnetic storms. The characteristics of storm-time TEC and HILDCAA-associated TEC will be presented and discussed. For both case studies presented in this work (March and August 2013) the HILDCAA event follows a geomagnetic storm, and then a global scenario of geomagnetic disturbances will be discussed. Solar wind parameters, geomagnetic indices, O ∕ N2 ratios retrieved by GUVI instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and TEC observations will be analyzed and discussed. Data from the RBMC/IBGE (Brazil) and IGS GNSS networks were used to calculate TEC over South America. We show that a HILDCAA event may generate larger TEC differences compared to the TEC observed during the main phase of the precedent geomagnetic storm; thus, a HILDCAA event may be more effective for ionospheric response in comparison to moderate geomagnetic storms, considering the seasonal conditions. During the August HILDCAA event, TEC enhancements from ∼ 25 to 80 % (compared to quiet time) were observed. These enhancements are much higher than the quiet-time variability observed in the ionosphere. We show that ionosphere is quite sensitive to solar wind forcing and considering the events studied here, this was the most important source of ionospheric responses. Furthermore, the most important source of TEC changes were the long-lasting PPEFs observed on August 2013, during the HILDCAA event. The importance of this study relies on the peculiarity of the region analyzed characterized by high declination angle and ionospheric gradients which are responsible for creating a complex response during disturbed periods.
Effect of some botanicals against pulse beetle, Callosobruchusmaculatus (F.) infesting pigeonpea

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of some plant products viz., neem oil, mustard oil, groundnut oil, turmeric powder and their mixture were used as surface protectants for pigeonpea seed against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). The highest mortality (84-100%) was manifested by neem oil @ 10ml/kg among all the treatments and lowest (3.33%) with turmeric powder @ 3.5g/kg seeds, after 135 days of storage. Neem oil @10ml/kg completely inhibited oviposition, adult emergence, seed damage and also not affected seed quality as compare to other treatment. All the oils prevented egg laying, reduced population build up of beetles and minimized the seed damage as compare to control.
Connection between the decadal variability in the Southern Ocean circulation and the Southern Annular Mode

Previous studies demonstrated the remarkable upward trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Southern Ocean wind stress in association with anthropogenic forcing. An oceanic reanalysis data set is used to investigate the response of the circulation in the Southern Ocean to the decadal variability of SAM. Our results indicate the strengthening and the poleward shift of the northward Ekman velocity as well as the Ekman pumping rate, which led to a corresponding strengthening trend in the Deacon Cell. This strengthening, in turn, intensified the meridional density gradient and the tilting of the isopycnal surfaces. On the interannual time scale, the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents (ACC) transport exhibits a positive correlation with SAM index as seen separately in observations. However, there is no significant trend in the total transport of ACC. Possible reasons are discussed.