Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the Power of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Testing to Detect Genotyping Error

Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has become an accepted test for genotyping error. While it is generally considered that testing departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to detect genotyping error is not sensitive, little has been done to quantify this sensitivity. Therefore, we have examined various models of genotyping error, including error caused by neighboring SNPs that degrade the performance of genotyping assays. We then calculated the power of chi-square goodness-of-fit tests for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to detect such error. We have also examined the affects of neighboring SNPs on risk estimates in the setting of case-control association studies. We modeled the power of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as a test to detect genotyping error and quantified the effect of genotyping error on disease risk estimates. Generally, genotyping error does not generate sufficient deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be detected. As expected, genotyping error due to neighboring SNPs attenuates risk estimates, often drastically. For the moment, the most widely accepted method of detecting genotyping error is to confirm genotypes by sequencing and/or genotyping via a separate method. While these methods are fairly reliable, they are also costly and time consuming.
The Price of Polarization: Estimating Task Prices Under Routine-Biased Technical Change

This paper proposes a new approach to estimate task prices per efficiency unit of skill in the Roy model. I show how the sorting of workers into tasks and their associated wage growth can be used to identify changes in task prices under relatively weak assumptions. The estimation exploits the fact that the returns to observable talents will change differentially over time depending on the changes in prices of those tasks that they predict workers to sort into. In the generalized Roy model, also the average non‐pecuniary amenities in each task are identified. I apply this approach to the literature on routine‐biased technical change, a key prediction of which is that task prices should polarize. Empirical results for male workers in U.S. data indicate that abstract and manual tasks' relative prices indeed increased during the 1990s and 2000s.
Mortality and morbidity from injuries in sports and recreation.

Injuries from nonintentional causes resulted in 102,130 deaths in the US population during 1981 (70). In this same year 70,214,976 persons required either medical attention or a day of restricted activity because of injuries from all causes (10). The known-and admittedly incomplete-impact, economic and otherwise, of these injuries included over 144 million bed days of disabil­ ity, almost 493 million days of restricted activity, and over 14 million days lost from school by children aged 6 to 16 years. Injuries and adverse effects from all causes accounted for over 8% of all office visits to physicians in 198 1 (60) and almost 5 million physician contacts per month (estimated) (18). Furthermore, in 1981 nonintentional injuries and adverse effects accounted for an estimated annual total of 2,587,140 potential years lost before age 65 (17). This figure is almost 50% greater than the number of potential years of life lost before age 65 due to malignant neoplasms or diseases of the heart , the two leading causes of death in the US. The current system for classification and coding of cause of death and morbidity does not permit a description of activities surrounding the death or injury; therefore, an accurate annual count of deaths and injuries from athletics or recreational activities in the US is not possible. For example, a person struck by a car and killed would be classified as a pedestrian fatality; there would be no way of knowing from the International Classification of Diseases rubric (i.e. E81O. 7-819.7) whether the pedestrian was struck while crossing a street on the way to work (nonrecreational), jogging on a street in a park (recreational), or running in a marathon (sport). The only remedy for this problem would be to
Modèles paramétriques pour la tomographie sismique bayésienne

La tomographie des temps de premiere arrivee vise a retrouver un modele de vitesse de propagation des ondes sismiques a partir des temps de premiere arrivee mesures. Cette technique necessite la resolution d’un probleme inverse afin d’obtenir un modele sismique coherent avec les donnees observees. Il s'agit d'un probleme mal pose pour lequel il n'y a aucune garantie quant a l'unicite de la solution. L’approche bayesienne permet d’estimer la distribution spatiale de la vitesse de propagation des ondes sismiques. Il en resulte une meilleure quantification des incertitudes associees. Cependant l’approche reste relativement couteuse en temps de calcul, les algorithmes de Monte Carlo par chaines de Markov (MCMC) classiquement utilises pour echantillonner la loi a posteriori des parametres n'etant efficaces que pour un nombre raisonnable de parametres. Elle demande, de ce fait, une reflexion a la fois sur la parametrisation du modele de vitesse afin de reduire la dimension du probleme et sur la definition de la loi a priori des parametres. Le sujet de cette these porte essentiellement sur cette problematique.Le premier modele que nous considerons est base sur un modele de mosaique aleatoire, le modele de Jonhson-Mehl, derive des mosaiques de Voronoi deja proposees en tomographie bayesienne. Contrairement a la mosaique de Voronoi, les cellules de Johsnon-mehl ne sont pas forcement convexes et sont bornees par des portions d’hyperboloides, offrant ainsi des frontieres lisses entre les cellules. Le deuxieme modele est, quant a lui, decrit par une combinaison lineaire de fonctions gaussiennes, centrees sur la realisation d'un processus ponctuel de Poisson. Pour chaque modele, nous presentons un exemple de validation sur des champs de vitesse simules. Nous appliquons ensuite notre methodologie a un modele synthetique plus complexe qui sert de benchmark dans l'industrie petroliere. Nous proposons enfin, un modele de vitesse base sur la theorie du compressive sensing pour reconstruire le champ de vitesse. Ce modele, encore imparfait, ouvre plusieurs pistes de recherches futures.Dans ce travail, nous nous interessons egalement a un jeu de donnees reelles acquises dans le contexte de la fracturation hydraulique. Nous developpons dans ce contexte une methode d'inference bayesienne trans-dimensionnelle et hierarchique afin de traiter efficacement la complexite du modele a couches.
Distance distributions in proteins recovered by using frequency-domain fluorometry. Applications to troponin I and its complex with troponin C.

We used resonance energy transfer to examine the distribution of distances between two sites on troponin I (TnI). The donor (D) was the single tryptophan residue at site 158 (Trp 158), and the acceptor (A) was cysteine 133 (Cys 133) which was labeled with N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(1-sulfo-5-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (IE). A distribution of D-A distances results in a distribution of donor decay times, which were resolved by using frequency-domain fluorometry. In the native state we recovered a relatively narrow distribution of D-A distances. The widths of the distance distributions were found to increase progressively and dramatically with increasing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. Binding of calcium-free troponin C (TnC) to troponin I did not alter the distance distribution. Addition of Ca2+ to the TnI.TnC complex resulted in a sharper distance distribution and protected against the guanidine hydrochloride induced increase in the width of the distance distribution. Additionally, the same distance distributions were recovered for native and denatured TnI when the Forster distance for energy transfer was decreased by acrylamide quenching. These results demonstrate that distance distributions can be recovered with good accuracy, to the extent of revealing modest changes due to binding of other components. This technique should have widespread applications in studies of protein folding.
Adolescent identity development and distress in a clinical sample.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of identity development and identity distress to psychological adjustment within adolescents affected by psychological problems. METHOD Participants included 88 adolescents (43.2% female) ranging from 11 to 20 years of age who were receiving services from a community mental health center. RESULTS A high proportion of the participants (22.7%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision criteria for Identity Problem. Regression analyses found psychopathology symptom score was associated with identity distress, identity exploration, and identity commitment, while identity distress was only related to psychopathology symptom score and not the other two identity variables. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with a clinical diagnosis may report significant levels of identity distress. Given that the relationship between psychopathology and identity distress may be reciprocal, assessing for identity issues might be prudent when conducting clinical diagnostic interviews and useful in treatment planning.
5-Fuorouracil Cardiotoxicity

Two cases of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity, resulting in one patient in myocardial infarction, are described. A review of the literature confirms that cardiotoxicity is a rare but genuine complication of 5-fluorouracil treatment; the cardiotoxic effect seems to range from mild angina without persistent electrocardiographic changes to severe myocardial infarction. No factors predictive of this complication were identified. The authors therefore feel it is advisable to stop 5-fluorouracil treatment when precordial pain occurs, even if the ECG (after angina) is normal, since angina can in some cases result in myocardial infarction.
An Evidence‐based Project to Improve Depression and Alcohol Use Screening

Using research to improve practice is a high priority. Research shows that routine screening helps identify adults who are at risk for various disorders. Depression and alcohol use screening tools can improve evaluation and treatment. Nurses aimed to improve the screening rates for depression and alcohol use from the existing 50%–80% to 100% with a 1-hour educational program on depression screening and alcohol use disorders screening for 2 clinic areas: primary care and home-based care. Postprogram evaluation revealed that depression screening and alcohol use disorders screening rates increased to 100%.
Rationale and Design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 Studies : Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials Comparing Single-Agent Chemotherapy Versus Cisplatin-Based Doublets in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non e Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but the efficacy of adding cisplatin to single-agent chemotherapy remains to be demonstrated in prospective phase III trials dedicated to elderly patients. Furthermore, the superiority of cisplatin/pemetrexed over cisplatin/gemcitabine in non-squamous NSCLC has not been confirmed prospectively. We present the rationale and design of two open-label, multicenter, randomized phase III trials for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC: Multicenter Italian Lung cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES)-3 and MILES-4. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of adding cisplatin to single-agent chemotherapy (both trials) and the efficacy of pemetrexed versus gemcitabine in nonsquamous tumors (MILES-4). Patients and Methods: Both trials are dedicated to first-line therapy of patients older than 70 years with advanced NSCLC, ECOG performance status 0-1. In the MILES-3 trial, patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to gemcitabine or cisplatin/gemcitabine. In the MILES-4 study patients with non-squamous histology are randomized, in a factorial design with 1:1:1:1 ratio, to four arms: gemcitabine (A), cisplatin/gemcitabine (B), pemetrexed (C), cisplatin/pemetrexed (D). Two comparisons are planned: AþC vs BþD to test the role of cisplatin; AþB vs CþD to test the role of pemetrexed. Primary endpoint of both trials is overall survival. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include progression-free survival, response rate, toxicity, and quality of life. Conclusions: MILES-3 and MILES-4 results will add important evidence about the role of cisplatin-based doublets and pemetrexed in the first-line therapy of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Clinical Lung Cancer, Vol. 15, No. 2, 166-70 a 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Omega-3 supplementation effects on polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms and metabolic syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder with unknown etiology and with different complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation on PCOS symptoms and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was performed in 2015 in Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals, Isfahan, Iran, on 88 patients with PCOS. Intervention group took omega-3 supplements with dose of 2 g/day for 6 months (two capsules), but control group received two olive oil capsules. Finally, ultrasound and laboratory findings and the recovery rate of menstrual disorders in both groups were compared. Results: After 6 months’ intervention, waist circumference (WC) was significantly lower in omega-3 as compared to control (81.18 ± 2.87 vs. 84.22 ± 2.61 cm, respectively, P < 0.0001). High-density lipoprotein was increased (47.2 ± 1.37 vs. 41.56 ± 1.34 mg/dl, respectively, P < 0.0001) while low-density lipoprotein (107.79 ± 1.68 vs. 117.4 ± 1.57 mg/dl, respectively), triglyceride (116.02 ± 3.13 vs. 125.06 ± 2.91 mg/dl, respectively), and cholesterol (180.34 ± 6.34 vs. 189.56 ± 5.93 mg/dl, respectively) in omega-3 were significantly lower than control (P < 0.0001). The interval between periods in omega-3 was significantly shorter than control (29.83 ± 4.68 vs. 47.11 ± 8.72 days, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Omega-3 decrease lipid profiles, WC, and interval between periods while weight, hip circumference, fasting blood sugar, number of ovarian follicle, size of ovary, bleeding volume, menstrual bleeding, and hirsutism score did not change by administration of omega-3.
Characterization of leachates from a municipal solid waste landfill site in Ibadan, Nigeria

Leachates have been implicated in environmental pollution, developmental anomalies, birth defects, surface and groundwater pollution worldwide. The knowledge of the quantity and composition of leachates usually gives an insight into appropriate, effective and sustainable treatment approach. Hence, the study documented the physical, chemical and trace metals characteristics of leachates from the major repository of municipal solid wastes in Ibadan. The study was descriptive and analytical in design aimed at documenting the quality of leachates with the intention of designing a cost effective treatment method. Integrated samples of leachates were collected during wet and dry periods and analysed for pH, Suspended Solids (SS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia, Nitrate Phosphate, Sulphate and trace metals among others. Leachates were alkaline and amber in appearance.
Infant feeding practices and risk of dental caries in Japan: the Osaka Maternal And Child Health Study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between infant feeding practices and the development of early childhood caries (ECC). METHODS Subjects were 315 children. Information about the variables under study and potential confounding factors were obtained by questionnaire during pregnancy and when the children were two to nine, 16 to 24, 29 to 39, and 41 to 49 months old. Outcome data were collected at 41 to 50 months old. Children were classified as having ECC if one or more primary teeth had decayed or been filled. RESULTS Compared with breast-feeding for six months or fewer, breast-feeding for 18 months or longer tended to be positively associated with a risk of ECC, and a U-shaped relationship was observed. Use of a bottle to drink sweetened liquids other than milk and the introduction of solid foods at six months old or later were positively associated with a risk of ECC. There was no significant association between bottle-feeding while falling asleep at night and the risk of ECC. CONCLUSION Prolonged breast-feeding, bottle use for sweetened liquids other than milk, and the introduction of solid foods at six months old or later might be risk factors for the development of dental caries.
How T lymphocytes switch between life and death

While insufficient cell death of activated T cells can result in autoimmune disorders, elimination of too many T cells can lead to immunodeficiency. Therefore, T lymphocyte fate is highly regulated and requires that cells can switch from an apoptosis‐resistant towards an apoptosis‐sensitive state. This switch is tightly controlled by various effector molecules. Basically, two separate pathways control the fate of antigen‐activated T cells: activation‐induced cell death (AICD) and activated T cell autonomous death (ACAD). Autoreactive T lymphocytes are eliminated by restimulation via their T cell receptor (TCR) and undergo AICD involving death receptors (extrinsic pathway). In contrast, ACAD can lead to T cell deletion without TCR restimulation, and is determined by the ratio between anti‐ and pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family members at the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway). While the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathway lead to caspase activation, non‐caspase proteases (e.g., cathepsins) can be released by the lysosomes and might contribute to AICD as well as to ACAD. Activated T cells posses cell death escape mechanisms which are needed for survival of (memory) T cells, but are deleterious for autoimmune disorders or progression of T cell lymphomas.
Analysis of Clusterin and Clusterin Receptors in the Endometrium and Clusterin Levels in Cervical Mucus of Endometriosis

Clusterin (CLU) is expressed in tissues and body fluids and is altered in some pathologies. In endometriosis, a noninvasive test is still lacking, thus, we analyzed CLU in mucus samples of patients. Additionally, we investigated localization of CLU and the putative CLU receptors (apolipoprotein E receptor 2 [ApoER2], megalin, very low-density lipoprotein receptor [VLDLR], and transforming growth factor β receptor type I and II [TβR1/TβR2]). In mucus samples, CLU levels are modestly, but not significantly, higher in cases with endometriosis compared to cases without endometriosis, however, CLU levels are significantly (P = .02) reduced in patients with endometriosis receiving contraception compared to cases with endometriosis without contraception. Analysis of CLU and CLU receptors showed CLU mainly in the uterine epithelial cells in the majority of glands, but also in endothelial cells. Similarly, ApoER2 and TβR1 could also be found preferentially in the endometrial glands. Whereas ApoER2 staining was strong in the vessels, TβR1 was modestly expressed in vessels and muscle cells. In contrast, staining of VLDLR and TβR2 was modest in the glands but stronger in vessels and muscle cells. Megalin staining was faint in the glands. A similar pattern for these proteins could be observed in adenomyosis. We demonstrate for the first time high concentrations of CLU in mucus samples and significantly reduced CLU levels in cases with endometriosis receiving contraception compared to cases with endometriosis without contraception. Furthermore, we identified uterine epithelial and endothelial cells as the main source of CLU and found different preferential CLU receptor complexes on glands, vessels, and smooth muscle cells.
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL VERSUS VIDEO BASED TEACHING ON NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS

Correspondence: Mobile: 09964242765 Email : sushmarathna@gmail.com Abstract: Background: The new computer assisted and interactive video instructions have been merged into teaching system as an efficient method. This method is an effective medium for student learning, regardless of discipline and its potentials have encouraged instructors and learners to opt this method. Purpose: The current study has aimed to compare the traditional lecture method with video based teaching, in improving the knowledge and skill of Undergraduate Nursing students on Neurological assessment. Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted on 30 undergraduate nursing students who were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A attended a lecture cum demonstration method and group B underwent video based teaching on neurological assessment. Learning level of both the groups was compared by using independent't' test. Results: In both the groups the post test scores were significantly higher than the pretest scores, but there was no statistically significant difference between group A and B. Hence both the teaching methods were found to be equally effective in improving the knowledge and skill of undergraduate nursing students on neurological assessment.
Advanced Machine Learning Coupled with Heart-Inter-beat derivatives for Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection

This paper presents a novel strategy based on derivatives time series and advanced machine learning for medical decision-support especially for cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis. Most of recent technologies (smartphones, smart watches, etc.) are focusing on a unique source of information extracted from electrocardiography/photoplethysmography (i.e. heat inter-beat (RR) interval time series) coupled with classical pattern recognition methods to build efficient data-driven models. Herein, we demonstrate that the second derivative time series coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) and relevance vector machine (RVM) allow detection of abnormal rhythm. To achieve this aim, four features were extracted from one minute RR time series as well as from their derivatives and were subjected to PCA and RVM. PCA, as explanatory method, has shown that detection of AF arrhythmia became straightforward by targeting the second derivative time series. RVM was optimized through four kernel functions and the best model has reached 99.83% success rate to diagnosis AF and normal rhythm. The proposed approach outperformed several recent studies dealing with automatic AF diagnosis. Therefore, this method, which can be easily embedded in personal monitoring devices for real time cardiac arrhythmia detection, could be adapted for various medical decision-support involving time series recordings.
The Part played by the Different Blood Elements in Glycolysis.

When blood ia allowed to stand at a suitable temperature an appreciable amount of the sugar present disappears. This glycolysis occurs to a marked extent in human blood; it is also observed in the blood of certain of the lower animals (dog, sheep) [Loeb, 1913], while in other animals (pig) [Melvin, 1912], (goat) [Maclean, 1911], little or no decrease in sugar content appears to take place'. This difference explains certain divergent statements encountered in the literature. Not only are there differences in the degree of glycolysis in different animals, but great variations may be observed in the same animal under different circumstances. In certain pathological conditions in man, as will be shown later, glycolysis may be greatly increased. Various observers have demonstrated that the glycolytic power of blood is essentially dependent on the formed tissue elements, and that the fluid constituent plays no part [Rona and D6blin, 1911; MacLeod, 1913]. In general, the power of destroying sugar has been ascribed to the red corpuscles and various theoretical deductions have been drawn, based chiefly on the normal glucose content of the erythrocytes and the relative inability of glucose to penetrate the envelopes and gain access to their interior [Loeb, 1913]. Rona and Arnheim [1913] attempted to separate the cellular elements of blood into erythrocytes and white cells, and found, on estimating the glycolytic