The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation. Doris Zames Fleischer and Frieda Zames.

Personal Notes Preface Acknowledgments Chronology Abbreviations and Acronyms 1. "Wheelchair Bound" and "The Poster Child" FDR, the "Cured Cripple" * League of the Physically Handicapped * The March of Dimes * Parent-Initiated Childhood Disability Organizations * The Poster Child and the Telethon * Changing Views of Disability in the United States 2. Seeing by Touch, Hearing by Sign Blindness and Deafness: A Comparison * Sign Language and Oralism * Braille and Talking Books * Sheltered Workshops * The Lighthouse * Mobility for Blind People: Guide Dogs and White Canes * Jacobus tenBroek and the National Federation of the Blind * NYC Subway Gates: A Controversy in the Blind Community * NFB: Trailblazer for Sections 504 and 501 * NFB and ACB: Different Approaches to Blindness * Deafness as Culture * American Sign Language * The Gallaudet University Uprising * Black Deaf Advocates * Education of Deaf Children * Helen Keller, the Social Reformer 3. Deinstitutionalization and Independent Living Deinstitutionalization * Early Accessibility Efforts in the Colleges * Ed Roberts and the Independent Living Movement * Proliferation of the Independent Living Concept * Characteristics of Independent Living Centers * Independent Living as an Extension of Rehabilitation * Evaluation of the Independent Living Movement * Independent Living and the New Disability Activism 4. Groundbreaking Disability Rights Legislation: Section 504 The Cherry Lawsuit for the Section 504 Regulations * Section 504 as a Spur to Political Organizing * ACCD, Propelling Section 504 * The Section 504 Demonstrations * The Transbus Controversy * Accessible Transit and New York City * Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) * California Accessible Buses * Mainstreaming Public Transit * The Civil Rights Significance of Accessible Transportation 5. The Struggle for Change: In the Streets and in the Courts Disabled In Action * New York Lawyers for the Public Interest * Recognizing Disability as a Civil Rights Issue * Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund * The Need for Disability Rights Attorneys * ADAPT * Justice For All 6. The Americans with Disabilities Act 88 Enacting the ADA * The ADA and Section 504 * Title I: Employment * Title III: Public Accommodation * Title II: Public Services (State and Local Government) * Title II: Public Transportation * Title IV: National Telephone Relay Service * Title V: Miscellaneous * The Supreme Court and the ADA * The Myth of "The Disability Lobby" * Backlash * Every American's Insurance Policy Log 7. Access to Jobs and Health Care Employment Discrimination * Affirmative Action * Disability Employment in Corporate America * Employment of People with Developmental Disabilities * Employment of People with Psychiatric Disabilities * The Criminalization of People with Psychiatric Disabilities * Different Approaches to Psychiatric Disabilities * Mangled Care * A Two-Tier Health Care System * People with Special Needs in Managed Care * An Arbitrary Patchwork * Falling through the Cracks: Children with Special Health Needs * Long-Term Care in the Community * Health Policy Reforms * The Nexus between Jobs and Health Care 8. "Not Dead Yet" and Physician-Assisted Suicide Opposition to "the Death Train" * The Supreme Court * AIDS Activists * Pain Management * Focus on Cure: A Pernicious Message * The Eugenics Movement and Euthanasia * The Politics of Physician-Assisted Suicide * Netherlands "Slippery Slope" vs. U.S. "Political Strategy" * First-Year Report on Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon * Legalizing Disability Discrimination * Dangers of an Inflexible Law * "A Better Solution" * The Distinction between Severe Disability and Terminal Illness 9. Disability and Technology Universal Design * Accessible Taxis * Teletypewriters and Relay Systems * A Clash of Cultures * The One-Step Campaign * Wheelchair Ingenuity * Accessible Classrooms and Laboratories * The Computer as an Accommodation * Psychopharmacology * Bioethical Dilemmas * The Internet and a Miracle Baby * Medical and Genetic Information * "Slash, Burn, and Poison" * Transforming Scientific Orthodoxy: AIDS Activism * Toward a New Vision: Three Queries 10. Disabled Veterans Claim Their Rights Legislation and Self-Advocacy * Rehabilitation: The Man, Not the Wound * Paralyzed Veterans of America * Automobiles: Opening "New Vistas" * The Pattern of Denial * Atomic and Chemical Guinea Pigs * Holding a Nation Accountable 11. Education: Integration in the Least Restrictive Environment A "Quiet Revolution" * Enforcing the IDEA: Early Efforts * Least Restrictive Environment * An Appropriate Identity * The IDEA in the Courts * The Special Education Controversy * Somnolent Samantha * A Microcosm of the Real World 12. Identity and Culture Three Strands of the Movement * Disability Pride: Celebrating Difference * Changing Perceptions and the Media * Assessment of the Movement * A Stealth Movement Notes Index