Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Environmental Policies Matter for Productivity Growth

Environmental policies address wellbeing and sustainability objectives, affecting firm and household behaviour. A newly developed, cross-country composite proxy of environmental policy stringency (EPS) shows that stringency has been increasing across OECD countries over the past two decades. However, the tightening environmental policies have had little effect on aggregate productivity, spurring primarily short-term adjustments. Nevertheless, they have led to various effects within the economy - the most technologically advanced industries and firms have seen a small increase in productivity, possibly being in the best position to adapt. Least productive firms have seen their productivity fall. Part of the effect is likely to have taken place through entry and exit of firms and relocation of activities. Finally, this project provides evidence on the anti-competitive bias of some aspects of environmental policies. The indicator of Burdens on the Economy due to Environmental Policies (BEEP) shows that barriers to entry and competition, and the consideration given to economic effects of environmental policies vary notably across countries, but that this variation is not related to the stringency of policies. Hence, to support both economic and environmental outcomes, stringent environmental policies can and should be implemented with minimum barriers to entry and competition.
Twistorial construction of harmonic maps of surfaces into four-manifolds

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The Hydra I cluster core - I. Stellar populations in the cD galaxy NGC 3311

Context. The history of the mass assembly of brightest cluster galaxies may be studied by mapping the stellar populations at large radial distances from the galaxy centre, where the dynamical times are long and preserve the chemodynamical signatures of the accretion events. Aims. We provide extended and robust measurements of the stellar population parameters in NGC 3311, the cD galaxy at the centre of the Hydra I cluster, and out to three effective radii. We wish to characterize the processes that drove the build-up of the stellar light at all these radii. Methods. We obtained the spectra from several regions in NGC 3311 covering an area of ~3 arcmin 2 in the wavelength range 4800 ≲ λ (A) ≲ 5800, using the FORS2 spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope in the MXU mode. We measured the equivalent widths of seven absorption-features defined in the Lick/IDS system, which were modelled by single stellar populations, to provide luminosity-weighted ages, metallicities, and alpha element abundances. Results. The trends in the Lick indices and the distribution of the stellar population parameters indicate that the stars of NGC 3311 may be divided in two radial regimes, one within and the another beyond one effective radius, R e = 8.4 kpc, similar to the distinction between the inner galaxy and the external halo derived from the NGC 3311 velocity dispersion profile. The inner galaxy ( R ≤ R e ) is old (age ~14 Gyr), has negative metallicity gradients and positive alpha element gradients. The external halo is also very old, but has a negative age gradient. The metal and element abundances of the external halo both have a large scatter, indicating that stars from a variety of satellites with different masses have been accreted. The region in the extended halo associated with the off-centred envelope at 0° Conclusions. The different stellar populations in the inner galaxy and extended halo reflect the dominance of in situ stars in the former and the accreted origin for the large majority of the stars in the latter. The low value of the velocity dispersion in the inner galaxy indicates that its stars are bound to the galaxy’s gravitational potential, and the abundances and gradients suggest that the inner galaxy is formed in an outside-in scenario of merging gas-rich lumps, reminiscent of the first phase of galaxy formation. The external halo has a higher velocity dispersion, it is dynamically hotter than the galaxy and its stars are gravitationally driven by the cluster’s gravitational potential. The stars in the external halo were removed from their parent galaxies, either disks with truncated star formation, or the outer regions of early-type galaxies. Late mass accretion at large radii is now coming from the tidal stripping of stars from dwarfs and S0 galaxies. These results provide supporting evidence for the recent theoretical models of formation of massive ellipticals as a two-phase process.
Spectrum of perforation peritonitis -260 cases experience

IntroductIon: Perforation peritonitis is the most common surgical emergency in Nepal. The etiology and sites of perforation showed wide geographical variation. The aim of this study was to find the spectrum of perforation peritonitis managed at Bir hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal Methode:260 Operated patients of perforation peritonitis were studied retrospectively in terms of clinical presentation, duration, operative findings and postoperative morbidity and mortality over a period of three years at Bir hospital. All the patients had undergone emergency laparatomy under general anesthesia and sites of perforation were identified. Results: The perforation peritonitis due to non-trauma were more (227 cases) than trauma (33 cases). In non-traumatic perforation common site of perforation was duodenum (83 cases) followed by ileum (70 cases) and appendix (60 cases). In traumatic cases common site was jejunum (15 cases) followed by transverse colon and sigmoid colon. Over all the most common sites of perforation was duodenum and peptic ulcer (73 cases) was the most common cause. Malignant perforation was low in number (11cases). Overall mortality was 11.5% and morbidity was at higher range, 57.7%. ConclusIon: Non-traumatic upper gastrointestinal perforation peritonitis is common in our place. Peptic ulcer is the leading etiology and traumatic perforation is also increasing. Mortality is comparable to that of best centers. The associated high morbidity requires more effort to rectify it. key words:perforation peritonitis, etiology, sites
Diurnal and vertical grazing activity of mesozooplankton during summer on the SW coast of Finland

Diurnal and vertical grazing activity of the most dominant mesozooplankton species was studied during the summer 1987 in the coastal area of the SW Finland. The samples for gut fluorescence measurements (Chl-a + phaeopigments) were taken from five depths between the surface and 35 m depth four times a day. Chl- a concentration was higher in the upper water layer of 10 m than at 20 m depth, and higher in the daytime (1300 and 1900 hrs samplings) than by night (0100 and 0700 hrs samplings). The ambient Chl- a concentration explained 34% to 90% of the variation in the gut pigment contents of Eurytemora affinis, Bosmina longispina maritima and Synchaeta spp. , when the whole data was examined using the linear regression analysis. In Acartia spp. this relation was insignificant. The gut pigment contents of copepods, B. longispina maritima and Synchaeta spp. were higher in the upper water layer (0 to 10 m) than in the deeper layer (20 to 35 m), but only by night. Diurnal variation was not found within either of the water layers or vertically between the layers in the daytime. The gut pigment content of the cladocerans Podon/Pleopsis spp. and Evadne nordmanni exceeded several times that of copepods and B.longispina maritima. The estimated daily specific ingestion rate (ingestion% of body carbon) varied from 2% to 12% in Acartia spp. and 3% to 28% in E. affinis, the highest percentages being found in the upper water layer. For Pseudocalanus minutus enlongatus , which was mostly found in the deeper depths, the corresponding percentage was only 4%. Carbon originating from other sources than phytoplankton was likely to be important for the nutrition of copepods.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Osmanabadi and Boer Breeding Bucks Breeds

Goat is an important livestock species of livestock for India. Around 80 per cent of the global goat population is found in developing countries. Amongst them, India ranks second in goat population with 125.7 million goats. At present there are 26 documented breeds of goat in India out of which4 breeds are found in Maharashtra. Osmanabadi is the important goat breed of Maharashtra found mainly in Osmanabad and Latur district. It is famous for quality of chevon and also known for better prolificacy. The dressing percentage varies from 45-50 per cent. Boer is a breed of goat that was developed in South Africa in the early 1900s for meat production. The Boer goat has a fast growth rate and making it one of the most popular breeds of meat goat in the world. Boer goats have a high resistance to disease and adapt well to hot and dry semi deserts. The kid of a proven fast-growing sire might weigh 36 kg at 90 days, while the kid of a poor-quality sire might weigh only 15 kg at 90 days.
Organizational model of ensuring safety and quality of treatment of aggressive psychiatric patients in mental health nursing in Slovenia

Introduction: The paper presents the organizational measures for managing violence in psychiatric settings and the study that introduces the preliminary success rate of the proposed model. Methods: For the purpose of this study a non-experimental sampling method was employed using a structured questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The sample covered the personnel most frequently exposed to violence namely, the nursing staff in closed and/or intensive psychiatric units in 5 Slovenian psychiatric hospitals, 3 psychiatric homes and 2 special education, and work and care centres. The data were statistically analysed with the SPSS v20 software package, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The practical part of the functional training was conducted between 2010 and 2013 in specific psychiatric hospitals and wards. In a study carried out in 2013, preliminary results indicating the success rate of the proposed model were obtained. Discussion and conclusions: Health care workers in psychiatry are responsible for providing safe and high quality treatment even in cases of aggressive outbursts, but they lack the necessary functional knowledge to cope with aggression in the workplace. The paper presents an organizational model for ensuring the safety of the patients and the quality of their treatment in case of an aggressive outburst, along with the presentation of the required functional training.
Activation of the Retinoid X Receptor Augments the Expression of Akt2 to Enhance Myogenic Differentiation

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Skeletal myogenesis and its regulatory factors 1 1.2 The Retinoid X receptors 4 1.3 The Retinoid X receptor subtypes 6 1.4 The Retinoid X receptor in development and muscle differentiation 7 1.5 The role of Akt isoforms in development 8 1.6 The role of Akt isoforms in muscle 10 1.7 Akt2 in skeletal muscle 12 1.8 Enhancers and gene expression regulation 13 1.9 In vitro cachexia assay 16 2. HYPOTHESIS 17 3. OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE 17 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 4.1 Cell culture and differentiation 18 4.2 shRNA knockdown 19 4.3 Immunofluorescence microscopy 19
The Study of Axiological Orientations of Kazakh Diaspora, Living Abroad.

Considers the lines of development for ethnic-national values as the driving force of the Kazakh nation’s multiethnic society, characterizes ethnic and national value orientations inherent in the representatives of the Kazakh nation based on a comparison of value orientations of Kazakh living in Kazakhstan and abroad, determines the dominating value orientations that are the basis for the identification of the representatives of the Kazakh nation. The research determines the content, character, and efficiency of ethnic-national values, which significantly depend on the formation conditions of the multiethnic society. The results of the conducted factor analysis allow concluding that the value structure of Kazakhstan’s main ethnic group and that of foreign Kazakhs is multifaceted and has certain similarities and differences. Foreign Kazakhs’ values focus to the search for meaning in religion, faith, destiny, and spirituality; alongside this, foreign Kazakhs value the sense of community and wellbeing, which reflects their collective values and manifests in the balance and harmony with themselves and other people. The Kazakhs who live in Kazakhstan are characterized by individual values, what allows determines the most important value what for their his family and financial status, while collective and social values, in this case, are of secondary importance.
Prospects of GRB observations for CTA from a phenomenological model

Very high energy (VHE, i.e. & 10 GeV) photons from Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), as high as 90 GeV in rest frame energy, have been detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This provides hope for a high statistics GRB detection by a ground-based instrument in the VHE domain. We here report on our estimates of the expected GRB detection rate and -ray rate (in case of detection) for the next generation ground-based Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs): the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Moreover, we investigated the effect critical design parameters of CTA have on our predictions and we compare the performance of various observing strategies for the array pointing. Our estimations are based on a phenomenological model which uses temporal and spectral information from GRBs detected by Fermi-LAT as well as other instruments operating at lower energy. While detection of VHE emission from GRBs has eluded ground-based instruments thus far, our results suggest it should be within reach of CTA with a rate between 0.35 and 1.6 GRBs/year depending on the characteristics of the true GRB population and the performance that CTA will eventually achieve.
Discriminant analysis of solar bright points and faculae. I. Classification method and center-to-limb distribution

Context. While photospheric magnetic elements appear mainly as Bright Points (BPs) at the disk center and as faculae near the limb, high-resolution images reveal the coexistence of BPs and faculae over a range of heliocentric angles. This is not explained by a “hot wall” effect through vertical flux tubes, and suggests that the transition from BPs to faculae needs to be quantitatively investigated. Aims. To achieve this, we made the first recorded attempt to discriminate BPs and faculae, using a statistical classification approach based on Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). This paper gives a detailed description of our method, and shows its application on high-resolution images of active regions to retrieve a center-to-limb distribution of BPs and faculae. Methods. Bright “magnetic” features were detected at various disk positions by a segmentation algorithm using simultaneous G-band and continuum information. By using a selected sample of those features to represent BPs and faculae, suitable photometric parameters were identified for their discrimination. We then carried out LDA to find a unique discriminant variable, defined as the linear combination of the parameters that best separates the BPs and faculae samples. By choosing an adequate threshold on that variable, the segmented features were finally classified as BPs and faculae at all the disk positions. Results. We thus obtained a Center-to-Limb Variation (CLV) of the relative number of BPs and faculae, revealing the predominance of faculae at all disk positions except close to disk center (μ ≥ 0.9). Conclusions. Although the present dataset suffers from limited statistics, our results are consistent with other observations of BPs and faculae at various disk positions. The retrieved CLV indicates that at high resolution, faculae are an essential constituent of active regions all across the solar disk. We speculate that the faculae near disk center as well as the BPs away from disk center are associated with inclined fields.
The Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid Solution by Flavonoid (Catechin) Separated from Nypa Fruticans Wurmb Leaves Extract

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in sulphuric acid by flavonoids, separated from Nypa fruticans Wurmb leaves extract was studied using weight loss technique at 303K, 313K, 323K, 333K and 353K,. The constituents were separated by fractionation using Soxhlet apparatus after room temperature extraction with 70% acetone. The constituents were identified using standard functional group analysis (phytochemical screening) methods. The inhibitor concentrations of 0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.4 g/L and 0.5 g/L were used in 0.1M, 0.5M, 1M and 2M concentrations of acid solutions. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in temperature and inhibitor concentration. Thus, maximum inhibition efficiency of 74.48% was obtained at the optimum temperature (323K) and concentration (0.5 g/L) for the flavonoid constituent. The flavonoid (catechin) separated from Nypa fruticans Wurmb leaves extract were used separately as efficient corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in H2SO4.
An Improved Composite Estimator for Cut-off Sampling

Cut-off sampling is widely used for a highly skewed population like a business survey by discarding a part of the population (the take-nothing stratum). In this paper, we suggest a new composite estimator of the take-nothing stratum total obtained by use of the survey results of the take-nothing stratum and a take-some sub-stratum (a part of take-some stratum) for a more accurate estimate of the population total. Small simulation studies are conducted to compare the performances of known estimators and the new composite estimator suggested in this study. In addition, we use briquette consumption survey data for real data analysis.
Suffering, Compassion and the Telethon: from producers to the Audience

An explorative study is conducted on La Marato de TV3, as it is the most popular telethon in Catalonia and is responsible for the most fundraising in all of Spain. The most recent edition, in December 2010, raised € 8,735,103, the highest amount raised in the telethon’s history. This study focuses on the two aspects that are key in explaining the success of this Catalan telethon: the production and the audience. The production of the telethon with references to the content and the audience reactions and involvement (participation and donation) are studied to find out what specific elements enable the telethon’s success. La Marato de TV3 is not yet analyzed in this way by other researchers. Two datasets have been collected. The first dataset comprises of opinions expressed by three experts of La Marato de TV3 and one philosopher specialized in compassion. Compassion is one of the main emotions that audiences can feel while watching a telethon or images of suffering. The data obtained from these four experts were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews. The second dataset comprises of an online survey distributed to a sample of the audience of the Catalan telethon (N=500). This questionnaire was conducted to study (1) the different motivations to participate or donate in that telethon, (2) the feelings that the audience has while watching images of suffering on the telethon, and (3) the main reasons why La Marato de TV3 achieves such a success every year. In my review of the literature, I defined a variety of aspects related to suffering media content, audiences, compassion, and telethons. The results of this research suggest that La Marato de TV3 achieves a great popularity, participation, and donations mostly from the Catalan audience not due to the harsh images of suffering but due to different reasons such as the transparency of the project, the consolidated television program, the audience’s confidence and belief in the project, the proximity from the channel TV3 and from the testimonials, the diverse representation of cases, and an overall Catalan community feeling.
Smart Bin Implementation for Smart City

: In our town persistently we tend to see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overflowing. It creates unsanitary conditions for people. Conjointly it creates ugliness to it place. At a similar time unhealthy smell is additionally unfold. To avoid all such things we are attending to implement a project referred to as garbage collection bin overflow indicator mistreatment GSM and IOT technology. During this project we tend to area unit attending to place level detector within the ash-bin. Once the dirt reaches to the threshold value, a SMS will be sent to the several Municipal / Government authority person with location of that dirt bin by mistreatment GPS. Or usually we tend to see that they need a daily schedule of finding out these garbage bins or dustbins. This schedule varies as per the population of that place. But we tend to see that just in case there's some competition or some perform, a lot of garbage material is generated by people therein specific space. In such cases the garbage dustbin gets at once full so it overflows that creates several issues. Therefore in things, with facilitate of our project the govt. authority person will get SMS at once. So that they can get SMS before their periodic interval visit of finding out the dustbin.
Adsorption of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide on Activated Carbon

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is widely used in manufacturing thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) and semiconductors. Because of its toxicity and nitrogen content, TMAH-containing wastewater has to be properly treated before discharge. In this study, several commercial activated carbons were characterized and used for TMAH adsorption. Activated carbon with micropores showed higher adsorption capacity for TMAH. The adsorption kinetics could be represented by pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir model fitted the adsorption of TMAH on activated carbon under different pH adsorption well. Higher pH was favorable for TMAH adsorption, while there was no TMAH adsorption at pH 4:7 � 0:2. The adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Exhausted carbon could be easily regenerated by 0.1 N HCl, with no considerable reduction in performance even after five cycles of adsorption- desorption. It was proposed that electrostatic interaction was the main mechanism of TMAH adsorption on the activated carbon. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000482. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Adsorption; Activated carbon; pH; Wastewater management. Author keywords: Adsorption; Activated carbon; pH; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH); Thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD); Wastewater.