Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding which parameters control shallow ascent of silicic effusive magma

The estimation of the magma ascent rate is key to predicting volcanic activity and relies on the understanding of how strongly the ascent rate is controlled by different magmatic parameters. Linking potential changes of such parameters to monitoring data is an essential step to be able to use these data as a predictive tool. We present the results of a suite of conduit flow models Soufrière that assess the influence of individual model parameters such as the magmatic water content, temperature or bulk magma composition on the magma flow in the conduit during an extrusive dome eruption. By systematically varying these parameters we assess their relative importance to changes in ascent rate. We show that variability in the rate of low frequency seismicity, assumed to correlate directly with the rate of magma movement, can be used as an indicator for changes in ascent rate and, therefore, eruptive activity. The results indicate that conduit diameter and excess pressure in the magma chamber are amongst the dominant controlling variables, but the single most important parameter is the volatile content (assumed as only water). Modeling this parameter in the range of reported values causes changes in the calculated ascent velocities of up to 800%.
Effects of settler size and density on early post-settlement survival of Ciona intestinalis in the field

Effects of variation in larval quality on post-metamorphic performance in marine invertebrates are increasingly apparent. Recently, it has been shown that variation in offspring size can also strongly affect post-settlement survival, but variation in environmental conditions can mediate this effect. The quality of habitat into which marine invertebrate larvae settle can vary markedly, and 1 influence on quality is the number of conspecifics present. We tested the effects of settler size and settler density on early (1 wk after settlement) post-settlement survival in the field for the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Larger settlers survived better than smaller settlers, within and among groups of siblings. Increases in the density of settlers decreased survival, but the density-dependent effects were much stronger for smaller settlers. We suggest that larger settlers are better able to cope with intra-specific competition because they have greater energetic reserves or a greater capacity to feed than smaller settlers.
On The Combination of Feature and Instance Selection

In the last decades, huge amounts of data became omnipresent in diverse areas of knowledge, such as business, astronomy, biology, and so on. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) are fields in Computer Science that focus on the task of transforming these data into useful knowledge. In (Fayyad et al., 1996), KDD is defined as “the nontrivial process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable patterns in data”. Feature and Instance Selection belong to the practice of data preparation (or pre-processing), which is a preliminary process that transforms raw data into a format that is convenient to the data mining (or machine learning) algorithm. Usually, data is stored in a table-like format: the columns of these tables are the attributes or features they describe the data and the rows, or lines, are the records or instances they are the examples of the concept stored in the data. Feature and Instance selection processes allow applications, such as classification or clusterization, to focus only on the important (or relevant) attributes and records to the specific concept that is in study. As important machine learning problems, Feature and Instance Selection have been studied systematically over the last decades, when several algorithms for solving them individually have been proposed. Such selection problems play a fundamental role in the pre-processing step of any learning task. By removing noise, irrelevant and redundant features and instances, and reducing the overall dimensionality of a dataset, feature and instance selection have been demonstrated to improve the performance of most machine learning algorithms, speed up the output of models and allow algorithms to deal with datasets whose sizes are gigantic. Even though the specialized literature have exhibited remarkable results in solving both the feature and instance selection problems individually, little work has been done to manage these solutions to work together in order to solve these related problems simultaneously or even understand the relationship between features and instances. This chapter initially discusses the feature and instance selection problems and their relevance to machine learning, giving an accurate definition of both problems. Next, it surveys different approaches for dealing with feature selection and instance selection separately and some works that tried to integrate the solutions for these two problems, 9
Planetary tidal interactions and the rotational evolution of low-mass stars

Context. The surface angular velocity evolution of low-mass stars is now globally understood and the main physical mechanisms involved in it are observationally quite constrained. However, while the general behaviour of these mechanisms is grasped, their theoretical description is still under ongoing work. This is the case, for instance, about the description of the physical process that extracts angular momentum from the radiative core, which could be described by several theoretical candidates. Additionally, recent observations showed anomalies in the rotation period distribution of open cluster, main sequence, early K-type stars that cannot be reproduced by current angular momentum evolution models. Aims. In this work, we study the parameter space of star-planet system’s configurations to investigate if including the tidal star-planet interaction in angular momentum evolution models could reproduce the anomalies of this rotation period distribution. Methods. To study this effect, we use a parametric angular momentum evolution model that allows for core-envelope decoupling and angular momentum extraction by magnetized stellar wind that we coupled to an orbital evolution code where we take into account the torque due to the tides raised on the star by the planet. We explore different stellar and planetary configurations (stellar mass from 0.5 to 1.0 M⊙ and planetary mass from 10 M⊕ to 13 Mjup) to study their effect on the planetary orbital and stellar rotational evolution. Results. The stellar angular momentum is the most impacted by the star-planet interaction when the planet is engulfed during the early main sequence phase. Thus, if a close-in Jupiter-mass planet is initially located at around 50% of the stellar corotation radius, a kink in the rotational period distribution opens around late and early K-type stars during the early main sequence phase. Conclusions. Tidal star-planet interactions can create a kink in the rotation period distribution of low-mass stars, which could possibly account for unexpected scatter seen in the rotational period distribution of young stellar clusters.
Temperature and the development rates of thrips: evidence for a constraint on local adaptation?

Typically, the relationship between insect development and temperature is described by two characteristics: the minimum temperature needed for development to occur (T-min) and the number of day degrees required (DDR) for the completion of development. We investigated these characteristics in three English populations of Thrips major and T tabaci [Cawood, Yorkshire (N53degrees49', W1degrees7'); Boxworth, Cambridgeshire (N52degrees15', W0degrees1'); Silwood Park, Berkshire (N51degrees24', W0degrees38')], and two populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Cawood; Silwood Park). While there were no significant differences among populations in either T-min (mean for T major = 7.0degreesC; T tabaci = 5.9degreesC; F. occidentalis = 6.7degreesC) or DDR (mean for T major = 229.9; T tabaci = 260.8; F occidentalis = 233.4), there were significant differences in the relationship between temperature and body size, suggesting the presence of geographic variation in this trait. Using published data, in addition to those newly collected, we found a negative relationship between T-min. and DDR for F occidentalis and T tabaci, supporting the hypothesis that a trade-off between T-min and DDR may constrain adaptation to local climatic conditions.
Weakly Supervised Dense Event Captioning in Videos

Dense event captioning aims to detect and describe all events of interest contained in a video. Despite the advanced development in this area, existing methods tackle this task by making use of dense temporal annotations, which is dramatically source-consuming. This paper formulates a new problem: weakly supervised dense event captioning, which does not require temporal segment annotations for model training. Our solution is based on the one-to-one correspondence assumption, each caption describes one temporal segment, and each temporal segment has one caption, which holds in current benchmark datasets and most real world cases. We decompose the problem into a pair of dual problems: event captioning and sentence localization and present a cycle system to train our model. Extensive experimental results are provided to demonstrate the ability of our model on both dense event captioning and sentence localization in videos.
Personality and Education: Contemporary Issues in Psychological Science about Personality in Teacher Education

The purpose of this chapter is to sensitize the public about the importance of research on personality in the process of teaching and learning, regardless of whether it refers to the personality/temperament of children or teachers. By analysing the personality of teachers, the job-fit theory and different theoretical models of personality and temperament in psychology are showcased. With the aim of a better understanding of the moderator’s role of personality in the context of education, a systematic review of relevant studies is presented within Croatian cultural context. Finally, an empirical study is presented which was conducted on future preschool teachers who evaluated their personality as well as their best and worst teachers’ personalities. It was determined that there are significant differences in estimated personality traits of the best and worst teachers. Finally, further guidance in exploring the role of personality in education was provided, with an emphasis on methodological aspects and some specific scientific research designs.
Running head: SLEEP AND QUALITY OF LIFE 1 Effects of Sleep on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease SLEEP AND QUALITY OF LIFE

Sleep problems have been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes and are common in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Even though research working with these patients has frequently used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as a self-report measure to assess sleep quality, its factor structure has yet to be validated in this population. Therefore, the first aim of this study is to examine the factor structure of the PSQI in CHD patients. Additionally, this study also investigated both the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep and health-related quality of life. Participants in the study included 167 patients with CHD enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program, and 109 of them also completed follow-up assessments three months later. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the proposed two-factor structure with sleep efficiency and perceived sleep quality best fitted the data. Subsequent analyses using structural equation modelling found that sleep quality, but not sleep efficiency, significantly predicted emotional, physical, and social quality of life. Sleep quality was also found to predict physical and social quality of life, but not emotional quality of life, three months later. These findings demonstrated the usefulness of assessing sleep in terms of its dimensions, and that improving sleep quality is key to enhancing quality of life in cardiac patients.
The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among Grade 10 - 12 learners in the Free State and Northern Cape – Preliminary results of the Wheels-of-Hope Outreach Programme

An outreach programme was initiated to echocardiographically screen Grade 10 - 12 learners, in Central South Africa, for rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Preliminary results, after the screening of 1 015 learners, identifi ed 102 abnormal echocardiograms. The abnormal echocardiograms were reviewed by an echocardiographer and paediatric cardiologist team and 14 pathological conditions were confi rmed in 13 patients. The abnormalities included RHD (n=5), pericardial effusion (n=2), left ventricular hypertrophy (n=2), mitral valve prolapse (n=3), ventricle septal defect (VSD) (n=1) and sub-aorta stenosis (n=1). The benchmark study by McClaren, et al. conducted in Soweto in 1972 (n=12 050, age 2 - 18 years) showed an overall RHD prevalence of 6.9 per 1 000 and 12.2 per 1 000 in the 15 - 18 year old bracket. The highest incidence (19.2/100) was found in Grade 7 learners (age not defined). The preliminary result of this study is 4.9 RHD cases per 1 000 in Grade 10 - 12 learners. This fi nding may indicate an actual decline in the prevalence of RHD in Central South Africa.
SILAGE AND MILK PRODUCTION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN WILTED GRASS SILAGES MADE WITH AND WITHOUT FORMIC ACID

Fonr grass sUages made in May from the same herbage were compared io a 16-week feeding experiment with 12 Ayrshire cows. The silages were made from herhage wilted for either 1 or 2 days, and with or without \ gal formic acid per ton of herhage. The silages treated with acid were, on average, 5°C cooler than the untreated silages, had lower pH values, higher lactic acid contents, slightly higher DM and crude protein contents, and higher contents of digestible organic matter in the DM. The silages were fed ad lib. with a supplement of harley and groundnut cake. The intakes of silage DM were higher with the acidtreated than with the nntreated silage. The mean daily milk yields on the silages made with and without the acid additive were 35-4 and 331 lb (16-1 and 15-0 kg), respectively, for the sOage, wilted for 1 day and 34-2 and 32 2 Ih (15-5 and 14-6 kg) for the silage wilted for 2 days. The effects of the treatments on the composition of the milk were small. It is concluded that the silages treated with formic acid additive were superior to the nntreated silages as a feed for dairy cows.
CCBS – a method to maintain memorability, accuracy of password submission and the effective password space in click-based visual passwords

Text passwords are vulnerable to many security attacks due to a number of reasons such as the insecure practices of end users who select weak passwords to maintain their long term memory. As such, visual password (VP) solutions were developed to maintain the security and usability of user authentication in collaborative systems. This paper focuses on the challenges facing click-based visual password systems and proposes a novel method in response to them. For instance, Hotspots reveal a serious vulnerability. They occur because users are attracted to specific parts of an image and neglect other areas. Undertaking image analysis to identify these high probability areas can assist dictionary attacks. Another concern is that click-based systems do not guide users towards the correct click-point they are aiming to select. For instance, users might recall the correct spot or area but still fail to include their click within the tolerance distance around the original click-point which results in more incorrect password submissions. Nevertheless, the Passpoints study by Wiedenbeck et al., 2005 inspected the retention of their VP in comparison with text passwords over the long term. Despite being cued-recall the successful rate of their VP submission was not superior to text passwords as it decreased from 85% (the instant retention on the day of registration) to 55% after 2 weeks. This result was identical to that of the text password in the same experiment. The successful submission rates after 6 weeks were also 55% for both VP and text passwords. This paper addresses these issues, and then presents a novel method (CCBS) as a usable solution supported by an empirical proof. A user study is conducted and the results are evaluated against a comparative study.
Wind speed variability between 10 and 116 m height from the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 compared to wind mast measurements over Northern Germany and the Netherlands

Abstract. Hourly and monthly mean wind speed and wind speed variability from the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 is analysed in the range of 10 to 116 m height above ground. Comparisons with independent wind mast measurements performed between 2001 and 2010 over Northern Germany over land (Lindenberg), the North Sea (FINO platforms), and The Netherlands (Cabauw) show that the COSMO-REA6 wind fields are realistic and at least as close to the measurements as the global atmospheric reanalyses (ERA20C and ERA-Interim) on the monthly scale. The median wind profiles of the reanalyses were found to be consistent with the observed ones. The mean annual cycles of variability are generally reproduced from 10 up to 116 m in the investigated reanalyses. The mean diurnal cycle is represented qualitatively near the ground by the reanalyses. At 100 m height, there is little diurnal cycle left in the global and regional reanalyses, though a diurnal cycle is still present in the measurements over land. Correlation coefficients between monthly means of the observations and the reanalyses range between 0.92 at 10 m and 0.99 at 116 m, with a slightly higher correlation of the regional reanalyses at Lindenberg at 10 m height which is significant only at a lower than 95 % significance level. Correlations of daily means tend to be higher for the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6. Increasing temporal resolution further, reduces this advantage of the regional reanalysis. At around 100 m, ERA-Interim yields a higher correlation at Lindenberg and Cabauw, whereas COSMO-REA6 yields a higher correlation at FINO1 and FINO2.
Assessments of Biodiversity Based on Molecular Markers and Morphological Traits among West-Bank, Palestine Fig Genotypes (Ficus carica L.)

Both morphological characters and PCR-based RAPD approaches were used to determine the genetic diversity and relatedness among nine fig genotypes grown at the northern region of the West-Bank, Palestine. Although we tested 28 primers for the RAPD technique, only 9 produced reasonable amplification products. A total of 57 DNA loci were detected in which 70.2% were polymorphic. DNA fragments presented a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 9 polymorphic bands using primers OPT-10 and OPA-18, respectively. Primers exhibited collective resolving power values (Rp) of 18.826. The Mwazi genotype showed the highest genetic distances among all of the other genotypes. Morphologically, considerable variations were found using 41 quantitative and qualitative traits. Adloni could be a very promising genotype for fresh consumption due to its very late maturation period, extended harvesting period, variable fruit size, and easy skin peeling. In addition, 7 genotypes presented firm fruits, which are a very important criterion for exporting purposes. Dendrogram constructed by UPGMA based on RAPD banding patterns appear somewhat contradictory to the morphological descriptors particularly with Swadi and Biadi genotypes (closed genetically and distanced morphologically), which might be attributed to the phenotypic modifications caused by environmental differences across regions. These preliminary results will make a fundamental contribution to further genetic improvement of fig crops for the region.
LSTM based voice conversion for laryngectomees

This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministryof Economy and Competitiveness with FEDER support (RE-STORE project, TEC2015-67163-C2-1-R), the Basque Govern-ment (BerbaOla project, KK-2018/00014) and from the Euro-pean Unions H2020 research and innovation programme un-der the Marie Curie European Training Network ENRICH(675324).
Shifting Engagement Efforts through Disciplinary Departments: A Mistake or A Starting Point? A Cross-Institutional, Multidepartment Analysis.

This article documents the innovative practices and initial outcomes from the Grand Rapids Engaged Department Initiative, a cross-institutional collaboration designed in response to the failures of higher education to systematically engage in place. Created to incentivize and resource systemic and cultural shifts across three institutions of higher education in the region, the initiative seeks to increase faculty knowledge and skills in community-based teaching, foster inter- and intracollaborations, expand students’ community-based learning opportunities, and enhance community partnerships. Initial outcomes and stakeholder perceptions are detailed using previous validated research instruments and systemic action research practices. An examination of the three institutions and the seven participating departments reveals how structural and cultural barriers pose heavy challenges to cross-institutional engagement; we also highlight promising countermeasures for effecting change, including inclusive visioning processes and accountability mechanisms. Recommendations aim to support others’ efforts to generate and sustain collaborative engagement.
An Empirical Analysis on the European Market of Human Experimentation

The target of this work is to support the thesis that pharmaceutical companies' testing phase would be treated like any other form of production in a globalization process, that is to say, a specific phase of pharmaceutical R&D could be localized where the cost of clinical evidence is lower. Considering Europe, an empirical analysis in order to support the main hypothesis is performed. Taking trials of phases II and III, funded by Industry (dependent variable) and the main macroeconomic features (independent variables) of each nation into account, the empirical work is implemented via regression analysis on panel data (2000 - 2007). The sample analyzed considers EU-27 plus the candidate states (Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey), Norway, Switzerland and Iceland. Results suggest the appropriateness of this process since clinical research is clearly affected by economic conditions, regardless of the scientific purpose.
Effect of Obesity on Fertility

Prior studies have shown that obesity causes many gynecologic and obstetric disorders, including anovulation, irregular periods, subfertility, abortion, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Obesity-related infertility or reduced fertility problems were influenced by any step from follicular recruitment to implantation. Adverse effects in reproductive health were not subjected out of entire obese women. Physical activity and nutrition were shown to be the probable determining factors. Assisted reproductive techniques provide obese women with an opportunity to investigate the relationship with pregestational status and reproductive outcomes as well. Although there is a lack of epidemiological data, an association between obesity and abortion is already known in obese women who had spontaneous pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of obesity among various stages of the reproductive process in recent studies, to summarize multidisciplinary strategies, and to facilitate reproductive outcomes in obese women.