Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report of the Morphology and rDNA Sequences of Two Pseudopolydora Species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan

The morphology of two Pseudopolydora species, P. cf. reticulata Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000 and P. achaeta Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000 are reported from Japan for the first time. Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata was collected from Japanese tidal flats, and individuals possess the characteristic netlike pigmentation on the dorsum of anterior chaetigers and the longitudinal black band along midline of caruncle. Pseudopolydora achaeta was collected from subtidal bottom mud of Onagawa Bay, and individuals have distinctive characteristics, such as intensive black pigmentation on dorsal and ventral sides of the anterior body and nearly straight vertical rows of major spines on the fifth chaetiger. The morphology of P. cf. reticulata is very similar to that of P. cf. kempi, with which it had been confused in Japan. We analyzed the 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences of all five Pseudopolydora species recorded from Japan and found strong evidence that they are genetically distinct. Our analysis also suggests that boring polydorids have evolved among non-boring ones; the genus Pseudopolydora, which mostly shows the non-boring form, appears to have remained in a more ancestral condition.
Projection imaging of photon beams by the Čerenkov effect.

PURPOSE A novel technique for beam profiling of megavoltage photon beams was investigated for the first time by capturing images of the induced Čerenkov emission in water, as a potential surrogate for the imparted dose in irradiated media. METHODS A high-sensitivity, intensified CCD camera (ICCD) was configured to acquire 2D projection images of Čerenkov emission from a 4 × 4 cm(2) 6 MV linear accelerator (LINAC) x-ray photon beam operating at a dose rate of 400 MU∕min incident on a water tank with transparent walls. The ICCD acquisition was gated to the LINAC sync pulse to reduce background light artifacts, and the measurement quality was investigated by evaluating the signal to noise ratio and measurement repeatability as a function of delivered dose. Monte Carlo simulations were used to derive a calibration factor for differences between the optical images and deposited dose arising from the anisotropic angular dependence of Čerenkov emission. Finally, Čerenkov-based beam profiles were compared to a percent depth dose (PDD) and lateral dose profile at a depth of d(max) from a reference dose distribution generated from the clinical Varian ECLIPSE treatment planning system (TPS). RESULTS The signal to noise ratio was found to be 20 at a delivered dose of 66.6 cGy, and proportional to the square root of the delivered dose as expected from Poisson photon counting statistics. A 2.1% mean standard deviation and 5.6% maximum variation in successive measurements were observed, and the Monte Carlo derived calibration factor resulted in Čerenkov emission images which were directly correlated to deposited dose, with some spatial issues. The dose difference between the TPS and PDD predicted by Čerenkov measurements was within 20% in the buildup region with a distance to agreement (DTA) of 1.5-2 mm and ±3% at depths beyond d(max). In the lateral profile, the dose difference at the beam penumbra was within ±13% with a DTA of 0-2 mm, ±5% in the central beam region, and 2%-3% in the beam umbra. CONCLUSIONS The results from this initial study demonstrate the first documented use of Čerenkov emission imaging to profile x-ray photon LINAC beams in water. The proposed modality has several potential advantages over alternative methods, and upon future refinement may prove to be a robust and novel dosimetry method.
Remigration Intentions and Migrants' Behavior

Using a unique French dataset, we analyze the relationship between remigration intentions and several immigrants' behaviors in the host and origin countries addressing the potential endogeneity of remigration intentions. We also investigate the potential trade-off and complementarities between various immigrants' investment behaviors. We _find that temporary migrants are more likely to invest in the country of origin but less likely to invest in the host country. Moreover, our results suggest a trade-off between immigrants' investment in the home and in the host country.
Human leukocyte antigen in patients with moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive stenosis or occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries by fibrocellular intimal thickening results in cerebral ischemia in moyamoya disease. In an attempt to elucidate the still-unknown etiologic factors in moyamoya disease, we assessed human leukocyte antigens in patients with this disease. METHODS We investigated 32 unrelated Japanese patients with moyamoya disease for typing of human leukocyte antigen A, B, C, and DR/DQ and compared the results with those from 178 unrelated control subjects. RESULTS We found a significant association of human leukocyte antigen B51 with moyamoya disease (corrected P < .05, chi 2 test). Although no significant associations were observed in DR/DQ typing, the frequency of the B51-DR4 combination was significantly higher in moyamoya patients than in control subjects (P < .002, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there may be a genetic predisposition for moyamoya disease and that host factors may play a role in the development of intimal thickening in early childhood.
An Empirical Study on the Organizational Trust, Employee-Organization Relationship and Innovative Behavior from the Integrated Perspective of Social Exchange and Organizational Sustainability

Combining social exchange and inducement-contribution theory as our overarching theoretical framework, we examine innovative climate as a boundary condition and organizational trust as a mediating mechanism to explain when and how the employee-organization relationship (EOR) is associated with workplace innovative behavior. We conducted a field study using multi-source data to test our hypotheses. The results indicated that creativity positively predicted innovative behavior through organizational trust, and an innovative climate moderated the indirect effect of EOR on innovative behavior via organizational trust. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Dealer behaviour in the Euro money market during times of crisis

ABSTRACT This article shows how the recent money market disruptions with elevated counterparty risks and uncertainty about the fundamental value of liquidity influenced the trading behaviour of a key dealer in the Euro money market. The complete trading record in the unsecured segment of the money market for 2007 and 2008 is used to estimate a stylized pricing model, which explicitly accounts for the over-the-counter structure. The empirical results suggest that the market maker learns from order flow, but this information aggregation was increasingly hampered as the crisis unfolded.
Present-Biased Generosity: Time Inconsistency across Individual and Social Contexts

In a variety of individual decision contexts, people have been shown to exhibit presentbiased time preferences. Little is known, however, about discounting when there are trade-offs between own and others' consumption. In this paper, we provide a systematic analysis of present bias in individual and social contexts, as well as its stability across these two. In a longitudinal experiment, subjects make a series of intertemporal allocation decisions of real-effort tasks for varying prices using a convex budget set approach. We find a substantial present bias in generosity. In generalized dictator games, subjects behave more altruistically towards others when deciding in advance rather than in the present, while delaying consequences plays no role when choices only affect the future. At the individual level, we find that the present bias displayed in social contexts is correlated with present bias in intertemporal choices that only affect own consumption. This demonstrates that the desire for immediate gratification is a behavioral phenomenon that is stable across contexts.
On the joint effect of receiver impairments on direct-detection DQPSK systems

The effect of five different receiver (RX) impairments on the performance of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)-noise-limited differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) was analyzed jointly for the first time. This paper assessed the impact of detuning, finite extinction ratio, and delay error of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZ), and of the delay and amplitude imbalance of the balanced photodetector (BPD). Three different RX and transmitter (TX) filtering set-ups and both return-to-zero (RZ) and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) codings were assumed to find out whether these different configurations showed a substantially different sensitivity to RX impairments. A very accurate bit error rate (BER) estimation technique based on Karhunen-Loeacuteve (KL) series was also employed. It was found that DQPSK is surprisingly resilient to most impairments, either taken alone or in combination, across all three filtering set-ups and RZ and NRZ formats. The one critical exception is represented by the maximum tolerable detuning of the interferometers, which is about one sixth that of binary DPSK and maybe as low as 400 MHz at 40 Gb/s. The cumulative impact of all impairments, except detuning, can be expected to be less than 1 dB in most cases, whereas a detuning of 2% of the bit rate causes 3 dB of penalty by itself, independently of the electrical and optical filters used and of either RZ or NRZ coding. In practical systems, the overall penalty due to all effects combined may easily lead to a back-to-back sensitivity performance worse than intensity/modulation direct/detection (IM/DD)
Dynamics of Public Expenditure on Defense and Economic Growth Pattern in Developed and Developing Countries

Endogenous growth theories refer that public spending has a considerable bearing on economic growth. Rise in public spending retards rate of economic growth. As the economic structure across the developed and developing countries varies significantly, the effect of public spending on non-productive activities may differ across these countries. In this context, the authors develop a comparative study for looking at the dynamic relationship between public expenditure on defense activities and pattern of economic growth between developing and developed countries across the globe over the period 1960-2015. Using data from SIPRI and World Bank, the authors invoke the panel data regression with panel co-integration test followed by panel VAR. Findings indicate that developed countries have positive impact of defense spending on growth, and the relationship is bi-directional, whereas the impact is found to be negative in developing nations.
The relationship between board of directors’ structure and company ownership with corporate social responsibility disclosure: Iranian angle

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of the structure of board of directors and company ownership on social responsibility disclosure of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach The variables of the study included independent board of directors, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, family ownership and family-managerial ownership. The study population consisted of 125 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009-2014. Content analysis used to measure social responsibility disclosure level and test hypothesis was performed using multiple regression analysis. Findings The results demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between any of the independent variables and the level of social responsibility disclosure. This study empirically shows managers, investors and other stakeholders that if business owners are made of different groups, namely, institutional ownership, managerial and family ownership, it will not affect the social responsibility disclosure in annual reports. Originality/value The outcomes of the current study may bridge the gap between social responsibility disclosure and ownership structure in a developing country like Iran.
Physiological Characteristics of Cowpea Rhizobia: Evaluation of Symbiotic Efficiency in Vigna unguiculata

One fast-growing and three slow-growing strains of Rhizobium (isolated from cowpeas) were evaluated for symbiotic performance on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cultivar California no. 5 blackeyes. Plants inoculated with slow-growing strains 176A22, 176A30, and 176A32 developed a maximum acetylene reduction activity of 24.6, 27.0, and 32 μmol of ethylene formed per plant per h, respectively, versus 6.4 μmol per plant per h in plants inoculated with the fast-growing strain 176A28. When inoculated with approximately equal proportions of rhizobia, the fast-growing strain 176A28 produced 95% of the nodules when challenged with the slow-growing strain 176A22, but formed only 6% of the nodules when challenged with the slow-growing strain 176A30. Consequently, there was no relation between the growth rate in vitro and the capability of rhizobia to compete for nodule-forming sites. Plants inoculated with strain 176A28 and subjected to drought during the vegetative growth period recovered to the same level of nitrogen fixation and nodulation as those that received adequate irrigation. On the other hand, plants inoculated with strains 176A22, 176A30, and 176A32 failed to achieve the same levels of nodulation and nitrogen fixation under drought as compared with irrigated conditions.
Immunocytochemical evidence for methamphetamine‐induced serotonergic axon loss in the rat brain

Central serotonin (5‐HT) axons were visualized by immunocytochemistry to assess both acute and long‐lasting changes in innervation density following methamphetamine administration to rats. Two morphologically distinct subtypes of 5‐HT axons (fine and beaded) were differentially affected by d‐methamphetamine (d‐MA); the density of fine serotonergic axons was selectively decreased both 4 hours and 2 weeks after administration of d‐MA. Acute depletion of 5‐HT from fine axons, but not from beaded axons, was observed in the brains of all rats treated 4 hours previously with either a 100 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg dose of d‐MA. Persistent loss of 5‐HT axons was observed in 30% of rats treated 1 or 2 weeks previously with doses of d‐MA which produce long‐term deficits in biochemical markers for 5‐HT. In the fraction of animals that exhibited denervation, fine serotonergic fibers were selectively ablated by d‐MA, but beaded serotonergic fibers were spared. Thus, d‐MA is similar to other amphetamine derivatives (e.g., p‐chloroamphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine) in that it acts selectively upon a morphologically distinct class of 5‐HT axons but differs in that it produces long‐lasting axon loss in only a fraction of animals.
ENGLISH TEACHERS PROBLEMS IN APPLYING THE 2013 CURRICULUM

The 2013 curriculum is regarded as the current issue for teachers and students. This curriculum is based on the competencies concerning on implementing four aspects of spiritual, attitude, knowledge and skills in order to achieve students’ character building. This study, moreover, investigates the teachers’ problems in applying the 2013 curriculum at vocational high school in Tegal. Four English teachers are observed and interviewed to obtain data. The data is analyzed referring to four points; a) preparing lesson plan, b) applying the steps of teaching learning activities, c) preparing media, and d) making evaluation. The result shows that; a) three teachers do not prepare lesson plan before their teaching learning process, b) for all teachers, they understand the principles of scientific approach and the basic concept of 2013 curriculum (i.e. inquiry-based learning, project-based learning, discovery-learning, problem-based learning and task-based learning) but they do not apply it in their teaching, c) one teacher prepares the teaching media but the others do not prepare it, and d) all teachers get difficulties in assessing students’ attitude (behaviour).
Luseogliflozin, A Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor, Alleviates Hepatic Impairment in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Luseogliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), was previously shown to improve the blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical setting. Although patients with type 2 diabetes often have hepatic impairment, few reports have been published concerning the influence of luseogliflozin on HbA1c and hepatic function in patients with type 2 diabetes accompanied by hepatic impairment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of luseogliflozin on HbA1c and hepatic function in patients with type 2 diabetes divided into 2 groups according to hepatic function parameters (a normal group and an elevated group). In this study, luseogliflozin significantly improved both HbA1c and body weight to similar extents in both the normal group and the elevated group, accompanied by marked reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) levels. These results suggested that luseogliflozin can be safely used in patients with type 2 diabetes who also exhibit hepatic impairment. The results additionally suggest the possibility that luseogliflozin might be capable of alleviating hepatic impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Long-term survival rate of teeth receiving multidisciplinary endodontic, periodontal and prosthodontic treatments.

Deciding whether to replace or preserve a compromised tooth, even with emerging trends in implant dentistry, is still a common dilemma for practitioners. This study sought to determine the 3- to more than 10-year survival rate of teeth that had undergone endodontic, periodontal and prosthodontic treatments. A total of 245 teeth in 87 patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated. All the teeth had received crown lengthening surgery by a single periodontist. Root canal therapy and prosthodontic procedures were rendered either by specialists or by experienced general dentists. Numbers of lost teeth were recorded and the criteria for hopeless teeth were defined. Survival rate was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Clinical indices including pocket depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), C/R ratio, position of the restoration margin relative to the gingival margin (RM-GM) and the presence of intra-canal post were compared between different survival groups (<3, 3-5, 5-10 and >10 years) using one-way analysis of variance (anova). Potential predictors of failure were determined using the Cox regression model. The mean ± s.d. of 3-, 5-, 10- and 13-year survival rates was 98 ± 1%, 96 ± 1·6%, 83·1 ± 4·5% and 51·9 ± 14·5%, respectively. The mean PD (P < 0·013), as well as C/R ratio in the mesial (P = 0·003) and distal (P = 0·007) surfaces, was significantly higher in the >10-year-survived teeth. Bleeding index and RM-GM showed no significant differences between the groups. C/R ratio and RM-GM position appeared to be the major determinants of tooth loss. The long-term survival rate of multidisciplinary-treated teeth was 83-98% in this specific sample.
The yopM gene of Yersinia pestis encodes a released protein having homology with the human platelet surface protein GPIb alpha

In Yersinia pestis KIM, there are 11 Yops (yersinial outer membrane proteins) encoded by the low-Ca2+ response virulence plasmid pCD1. Only Yops M and N are found in easily detectable amounts in the culture medium. In this study, we located and characterized the yopM gene to obtain clues about its role in the virulence of Y. pestis. Rabbit antibody was raised against Yops M and H, copurified from the supernatant of Y. pseudotuberculosis 43(pGW600, pCD1 yopE::Mu dI1[Apr lac]). This antiserum was adsorbed with an Escherichia coli clone that strongly expressed YopH. The resulting YopM-specific antibody was used to screen a HindIII library of pCD1. HindIII-F and several subclones from it expressed YopM in E. coli minicells. A DNA fragment of 1.39 kilobases from HindIII-F was sequenced and found to contain a 367-amino-acid open reading frame capable of encoding a protein with molecular mass (41,566 daltons) and isoelectric point (4.06) similar to those of YopM. The +1 site of the yopM gene was determined by primer extension. The DNA sequence contained repeating structures: 11 pairs of exact direct repeats, two exact inverted repeats, and three palindromes, ranging from 10 to 42 bases in size. One consensus 14-amino-acid sequence was repeated six times in the predicted protein sequence. The YopM sequence shares some significant homology with the von Willebrand factor- and thrombin-binding domain of the alpha chain of human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. These findings suggested a testable hypothesis for the function of YopM.
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON STOCK PRICE VOLATILITY: A CASE OF PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE

The purpose of executing this research study was to assess the role of macroeconomic variables on stock price volatility. Specifically 10 companies were chosen that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. The following are the objectives which were devised for this study, to understand the basic concepts and features of stock exchange with respect to investments and economic development; to identify important and appropriate macroeconomic factors having influence on stock prices and to evaluate the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock price volatility in the context of companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. We adopted secondary method for data collection and the results extracted through correlation and regression analysis displayed that macroeconomic variables including interest rate, inflation rate and the corporate tax rate affect share prices of companies operating in Pakistan.
Levels of uric acid in erectile dysfunction of different aetiology

Abstract Erectile dysfunction is a common disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction. The aetiology of ED is often multifactorial but evidence is being accumulated in favor of the proper function of the vascular endothelium that is essential to achieving and maintaining penile erection. Uric acid itself causes endothelial dysfunction via decreased nitric oxide production. This study aims to evaluate the serum uric acid (SUA) levels in 180 ED patients, diagnosed with the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and 30 non-ED control. Serum uric acid was analyzed with a commercially available kit using ModularEVO (Roche, Monza, Italy). Within-assay and between-assay variations were 3.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Out of the ED patients, 85 were classified as arteriogenic (A-ED) and 95 as non-arteriogenic (NA-ED) with penile-echo-color-Doppler. Uric acid levels (median and range in mg/dL) in A-ED patients (5.8, 4.3–7.5) were significantly higher (p < .001) than in NA-ED patients (4.4, 2.6–5.9) and in control group (4.6, 3.1–7.2). There was a significant difference (p < .001) between uric acid levels in patients with mild A-ED (IIEF-5 16–20) and severe/complete A-ED (IIEF-5 ≤ 10) that were 5.4 (range 4.3–6.5) mg/dL and 6.8 (range 6.4–7.2) mg/dL, respectively. There was no difference between the levels of uric acid in patients with different degree of NA-ED. Our findings reveal that SUA is a marker of ED but only of ED of arteriogenic aetiology.