Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do job demands and job control affect problem-solving?

OBJECTIVE The Job Demand Control model presents combinations of working conditions that may facilitate learning, the active learning hypothesis, or have detrimental effects on health, the strain hypothesis. To test the active learning hypothesis, this study analysed the effects of job demands and job control on general problem-solving strategies. PARTICIPANTS A population-based sample of 4,636 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with the same job characteristics measured at two times with a three year time lag was used. METHODS Main effects of demands, skill discretion, task authority and control, and the combined effects of demands and control were analysed in logistic regressions, on four outcomes representing general problem-solving strategies. RESULTS Those reporting high on skill discretion, task authority and control, as well as those reporting high demand/high control and low demand/high control job characteristics were more likely to state using problem solving strategies. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that working conditions including high levels of control may affect how individuals cope with problems and that workplace characteristics may affect behaviour in the non-work domain.
Independent associations of exposure to evening light and nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion with diabetes in the elderly

Circadian misalignment between internal and environmental rhythms dysregulates glucose homeostasis because of disruption of the biological clock, and increases risk of diabetes. Although exposure to evening light and decreased melatonin secretion are both associated with the circadian misalignment, it remains unclear whether they are associated with diabetes. In this cross-sectional study on 513 elderly individuals (mean age, 72.7 years), we measured ambulatory light intensity during the 4 h prior to bedtime at 1-min intervals during two consecutive days and overnight urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion (UME) along with glucose metabolism. The median average intensity of evening light exposure and UME were 25.4 lux (interquartile range 17.5–37.6) and 6.6 μg (interquartile range 3.9–9.7), respectively. Both log-transformed average intensity of evening light exposure and log-transformed UME were significantly associated with diabetes in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for covariates, including gender, body mass index, duration in bed, and night-time light exposure [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–2.64; p = 0.01; and adjusted OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44–0.97; p = 0.04; respectively]. An increase in evening light exposure from 17.5 to 37.6 lux (25–75th percentiles) was associated with a 51.2% (95% CI, 8.2–111.4%) increase in prevalent diabetes, and an increase in UME from 3.9 to 9.7 μg (25–75th percentiles) was associated with a 32.0% (95% CI, 1.9–52.8%) decrease in prevalent diabetes. In conclusion, this study in elderly individuals demonstrated that evening light exposure in home settings and UME were significantly and independently associated with diabetes.
Japan: Its History and Culture

List of Illustrations vii Foreword by Marius B. Jansen ix Preface to the Fourth Edition xi Introduction 1 1 The Origins and Early History of the Japanese 4 2 The Introduction of Chinese Thought and Culture 16 Asuka Period: 552-710 3 The Stimulating Effect of Chinese Culture 28 Nara Period: 710-794 4 The Japanese Pattern 36 Early Heian Period: 794-857 Late Heian or Fujiwara Period: 858-1158 5 The Rise of the Warrior Class and the Gempei War 52 End of the Heian Period: 1158-1185 6 Government by the Military Shogun 68 Kamakura Period: 1185-1336 7 The Ashikaga Shogunate 81 Nambokucho: 1336-1392 Muromachi: 1392-1573 8 The Golden Age of Japanese Art 88 1378-1490 9 The Unification of Japan 101 Sengoku-Jidai, the Period of the Country at War: 1534-1615 10 Japan in Isolation 119 The Tokugawa Shogunate: Part I, 1615-1715 11 The Winds of Change 134 The Tokugawa Shogunate: Part II, 1716-1867 12 The Meiji Restoration and the Modernization of Japan 147 1868-1914 13 Expansion, Liberalism, and Militarism 168 1914-1931 14 Manchukuo, the China War, and World War II 178 1931-1945 15 Postwar Japan 190 16 Japan Today-Economy 199 17 Japan Today-Foreign Affairs and Political Life 231 18 Contemporary Japanese Society 261 Glossary 297 Chronology 301 Bibliography 321 Index 325
NF-κB activation in human breast cancer specimens and its role in cell proliferation and apoptosis

Lack of molecular targets in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer is a major therapeutic hurdle. We studied NF-κB activation in human breast tumors and in carcinoma cell lines. Activated NF-κB was detected predominantly in ER-negative vs. ER-positive breast tumors and mostly in ER-negative and ErbB2-positive tumors (86%). These in vivo results demonstrate association of activated NF-κB with a subgroup of human breast tumors and are consistent with previously reported in vitro observations using similar classes of human breast cancer cell lines. Finding such an association suggested functional and biological significance. Immunofluorescence demonstrated increased nuclear p65, a component of the active NF-κB complex, in cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-positive epithelial cells of ER-negative/ErbB2-positive tumor samples. In contrast, nuclear NF-κB was detected mostly in stroma of ER-negative and ErbB2-negative tumors, suggesting a role of activated NF-κB in intercellular signaling between epithelial and stromal cells in this type of breast cancers. To elucidate roles of activated NF-κB, we used an ER-negative and ErbB2-positive human breast tumor cell line (SKBr3). The polypeptide heregulin β1 stimulated, and herceptin, the anti-ErbB2 antibody, inhibited, NF-κB activation in SKBr3 cells. The NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-binding domain (NBD) peptide, an established selective inhibitor of IκB-kinase (IKK), blocked heregulin-mediated activation of NF-κB and cell proliferation, and simultaneously induced apoptosis only in proliferating and not resting cells. These results substantiate the hypothesis that certain breast cancer cells rely on NF-κB for aberrant cell proliferation and simultaneously avoid apoptosis, thus implicating activated NF-κB as a therapeutic target for distinctive subclasses of ER-negative breast cancers.
Repeat Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Knee Infection Is Dependent on Host Grade

Background: Two-stage exchange arthroplasty after a previous, failed 2-stage exchange procedure is fraught with difficulties, and there are no clear guidelines for treatment or prognosis given the heterogeneous group of patients in whom this procedure has been performed. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) staging system was developed in an attempt to stratify patients according to infection type, host status, and local soft-tissue status. The purpose of this study was to report the results of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty following a previous, failed 2-stage exchange protocol for periprosthetic knee infection as well as to identify risk factors for failure. Methods: We retrospectively identified 45 patients who had undergone 2 or more 2-stage exchange arthroplasties for periprosthetic knee infection from 2000 to 2013. Patients were stratified according to the MSIS system, and risk factors for failure were analyzed. The minimum follow-up was 2 years (mean, 6 years; range, 24 to 132 months). Results: At the time of follow-up, twenty-two (49%) of the patients had undergone another revision due to infection and 28 (62%) had undergone another revision for any reason. The infection recurred in 6 (75%) of 8 substantially immunocompromised hosts (MSIS type C) and in 3 (30%) of 10 uncompromised hosts (type A) following the second 2-stage exchange arthroplasty (p = 0.06). The infection recurred in 4 (80%) of 5 patients with compromise of the extremity (MSIS type 3) and 3 (33%) of 9 patients with an uncompromised extremity (type 1) (p = 0.27). Both extremely compromised hosts with an extremely compromised extremity (type C3) had recurrence of the infection whereas 3 (30%) of the 10 uncompromised patients with no or less compromise of the extremity (type A1 or A2) did. Five patients in the failure group underwent a third 2-stage exchange arthroplasty following reinfection, and 3 of them were infection-free at the time of the latest follow-up. Conclusions: Uncompromised hosts (MSIS type A) with an acceptable wound (MSIS type 1 or 2) had a 70% rate of success (7 of 10) after a repeat 2-stage exchange arthroplasty, whereas type-B2 hosts had a 50% success rate (10 of 20). The repeat 2-stage exchange procedure failed in both type-C3 hosts; thus, alternative salvage procedures should be considered for such patients. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Development and Test of Model Apparatus Utilizing HTS Magnetic Levitation for Non-Contact Spinning Clean-Up Processors of Photo Mask Production

It is considered that particle deposition on the photo mask, such as oil dusts which are generated from mechanical bearings of the spin processors, is one of main causes of the deterioration of pattern preciseness. In our R & D, application of magnetic levitation utilizing bulk HTSs to the spin processors for the photo mask production has been proposed. In this study, we try to develop a new model apparatus demonstrating non-contact spinning clean-up processor in photo mask production system. The levitation and rotation test by using this model apparatus showed that this new model apparatus accomplished the remarkable improvement of the levitation and the rotation ability. This paper describes the levitation and rotation test results of the new model spinner comparing with those obtained in our previous study.
The Tradeoff between Redistribution and Effort: Evidence from the Field and from the Lab

Building on a theoretical model we test the hypothesis that effort choices and preferences for redistribution are simultaneously determined. Using cross-country panel data from the World Value Survey, we find that it is important to model preferences for redistribution and effort choices simultaneously. While respondents with stronger preferences for redistribution tend to have smaller incentives to engage in effort, the reverse does not hold true. Using a lab experiment, we show that redistribution choices even increase in imposed effort. Those with higher ability are willing to help the needy if earning income becomes more difficult for everybody.
The Gammaherpesvirus 68 Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Homolog Is Critical for the Establishment of Splenic Latency

ABSTRACT Open reading frame 73 (ORF 73) is conserved among the gamma-2-herpesviruses (rhadinoviruses) and, in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), has been shown to encode a latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). The KSHV and HVS LANAs have also been shown to be required for maintenance of the viral genome as an episome during latency. LANA binds both the viral latency-associated origin of replication and the host cell chromosome, thereby ensuring efficient partitioning of viral genomes to daughter cells during mitosis of a latently infected cell. In gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68), the role of the LANA homolog in viral infection has not been analyzed. Here we report the construction of a γHV68 mutant containing a translation termination codon in the LANA ORF (73.STOP). The 73.STOP mutant virus replicated normally in vitro, in both proliferating and quiescent murine fibroblasts. In addition, there was no difference between wild-type (WT) and 73.STOP virus in the kinetics of induction of lethality in mice lacking B and T cells (Rag 1−/−) infected with 1,000 PFU of virus. However, compared to WT virus, the 73.STOP mutant exhibited delayed kinetics of replication in the lungs of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. In addition, the 73.STOP mutant exhibited a severe defect in the establishment of latency in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. Increasing the inoculum of 73.STOP virus partially overcame the acute replication defected observed in the lungs at day 4 postinfection but did not ameliorate the severe defect in the establishment of splenic latency. Thus, consistent with its proposed role in replication of the latent viral episome, LANA appears to be a critical determinant in the establishment of γHV68 latency in the spleen post-intranasal infection.
Relationships between Innovation Capabilities, Business Performance, Marketing Performance and Financial Performance: A Literature Review

Innovation is one of the basic component use by the corporate as a stretegy to improve productive manufacturing processes, to be able to compete in the market and to establish good reputation to gain positive status in customersi¯s perception. This paper has been designed to review the existing literature available on firm innovation capabilities and its influence on performance (i.e. business, marketing and financial performance). After reviewing the existing literature on firm innovation capabilities, the researchers have found that firm innovation capabilities have greater influence on business performance, marketing performance and ultimately influence on financial performance. Theoretical framework has been develop on the basis of the reviewed literiture, showing the relationship between firm innovation capabilities and performance.
Clinical Uptake of Antimicrobial Stewardship Recommendations Following Nanosphere Verigene Blood Culture Gram-Negative Reporting

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients to determine if the Verigene Gram-negative blood culture (BC-GN) results would lead to earlier deescalation of empiric therapy for inpatients with GN bacteremia with Citrobacter spp. , Enterobacter spp. , Klebsiella spp. , and Escherichia coli to appropriate targeted coverage. A total of 899 records were reviewed from April 2014 to February 2016 from three institutions within the Baylor Scott & White Health network. The cases were reviewed for initial antibiotic coverage, timing of Verigene results, change in antibiotic coverage, and how these changes related to the timing of Verigene results. The lab reported the BC-GN results and final conventional susceptibility results within 2.5 ± 1.3 and 73.6 ± 40.0 hours from the Gram stain, respectively. Overall, 29.1% of patients were transitioned from empiric to targeted therapy at 12.2 ± 13.5 hours in response to BC-GN results, which was significantly earlier (P < 0.001) than results by conventional methods. After accounting for patients already on targeted therapy, polymicrobial infections, and patients deceased or lost to follow-up, we identified antibiotic stewardship opportunities in −28% of GN infections. Further subanalysis demonstrated site-specific differences in the uptake of stewardship recommendations, whereby 32.4%, 50.5%, and 15.0% of cases at different hospitals demonstrated the expected change in antibiotics. These results suggest that Verigene had the expected impact in a third of the cases and the results reporting algorithm minimized the real-time involvement of the pharmacist while maintaining optimal patient management. However, this impact varied substantially by clinical site and was tempered by variable initial antibiotic coverage and clinician response.
MUFASA: Galaxy Formation Simulations With Meshless Hydrodynamics

We present the mufasa suite of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, which employs the gizmo meshless finite mass (MFM) code including H_2-based star formation, nine-element chemical evolution, two-phase kinetic outflows following scalings from the Feedback in Realistic Environments zoom simulations, and evolving halo mass-based quenching. Our fiducial (50 h^(−1) Mpc)^3 volume is evolved to z = 0 with a quarter billion elements. The predicted galaxy stellar mass functions (GSMFs) reproduces observations from z = 4 → 0 to ≲ 1. 2σ in cosmic variance, providing an unprecedented match to this key diagnostic. The cosmic star formation history and stellar mass growth show general agreement with data, with a strong archaeological downsizing trend such that dwarf galaxies form the majority of their stars after z ∼ 1. We run 25 and 12.5 h^(−1) Mpc volumes to z = 2 with identical feedback prescriptions, the latter resolving all hydrogen-cooling haloes, and the three runs display fair resolution convergence. The specific star formation rates broadly agree with data at z = 0, but are underpredicted at z ∼ 2 by a factor of 3, re-emphasizing a longstanding puzzle in galaxy evolution models. We compare runs using MFM and two flavours of smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and show that the GSMF is sensitive to hydrodynamics methodology at the ∼×2 level, which is sub-dominant to choices for parametrizing feedback.
Kinetic theory of ion collection by probing objects in flowing strongly magnetized plasmas.

A new one-dimensional collisionless kinetic model is developed for the flow of ions to probing structures in drifting plasmas. The cross-field flow into the presheath is modeled by accounting consistently for particle exchange between the collection flux tube and the outer plasma. Numerical solutions of the self-consistent plasma-sheath equations are obtained with arbitrary external ion temperature and parallel plasma flow velocity. Results are presented of the spatial dependence of the ion distribution function as well as its moments (density, particle flux, temperature, and power flux). The ion current to the probe is obtained and the ratio of the upstream to downstream currents is found to be well represented by the form R = exp(Ku/sub d/), where Kapprox.1. 7 and u/sub d/ is the drift velocity in units of . sqrt. (T/sub e//m/sub i/) . The results are in good agreement with comparable recent fluid calculations but show substantial deviations from other models which ignore particle exchange out of the presheath. No evidence is found of the formation of shocks in the downstream wake, contrary to the implications of some fluid theories.
The Role of Trust in Personal Information Disclosure on Health-Related Websites

© 2017 Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2017. All rights reserved. E-commerce adoption has been extensive but for some specialized areas it is still in the early stages. One such area is health-related websites where the sensitive issues around the consumer’s health extenuate the similar challenges faced in other areas of e-commerce. Disclosing personal information is necessary to fully utilize such health-related websites but consumer trust is required for this. This research proposes a model of the role of trust in personal information disclosure on health-related websites. This model identifies 10 factors grouped in three categories. The first category is dispositional factors including faith in humanity, trusting stance and privacy concern. the second category is situational factors including reputation and perceived risk. Lastly the third category is institutional factors including the perceived effectiveness of the privacy statement, third party certification, legal and regulation and security infrastructure. Low risk, reputation, effective privacy statement and privacy seals were found to facilitate trust. While institutional factors like the legal framework and regulation have an elevated role to keep the consumer safe in this context, lack of clarity on what they are leads to a weak perception of their value. Trust in the health-related website was found to positively influence the intention to disclose information.
Influence of Water Saturation on the Mechanical Behaviour of Low-Permeability Reservoir Rocks

The influence of water on the mechanical properties of rocks has been observed by many researchers in rock engineering and laboratory tests, especially for sedimentary rocks. In order to investigate the effect of water saturation on the mechanical properties of low-permeability rocks, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on siltstone with different water contents. The effects of water on the strength, elastic moduli, crack initiation and damage thresholds were observed for different water saturation levels. It was found that 10% water saturation level caused more than half of the reductions in mechanical properties. A new approach is proposed to analyze the stress-strain relations at different stages of compression by dividing the axial and lateral stress-strain curves into five equal stress zones, where stress zones 1–5 refer to 0%–20%, 20%–40%, 40%–60%, 60%–80% and 80%–100% of the peak stress, respectively. Stress zone 2 represents the elastic range better than stress zone 3 which is at half of the peak stress. The normalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds obtained from the stress-strain curves and acoustic emission activities averaged 31.5% and 83% of the peak strength respectively. Pore pressure is inferred to take part in the deformation of low-permeability siltstone samples, especially at full saturation levels. A change of failure pattern from multi-fracturing to single shear failure with the increase of water saturation level was also observed.
Survival effects of prenatal famine exposure 1 – 3

Background: Adverse intrauterine conditions are known to be associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases in adult life. Previously, we showed that prenatal famine exposure increased the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adulthood. Objective: We examined the association between prenatal famine exposure and adult mortality. Design: We studied adult mortality among 1991 term singletons from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort. We compared overall and cause-specific adult mortality among people exposed to famine in late, mid, and early gestation with those unexposed to famine in utero by using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 206 persons (10%) had died by the end of follow-up. Compared with unexposed women, women exposed to famine in early gestation had a significantly higher risk of overall adult mortality (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 4.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 17.7), cancer mortality (HR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.7), and breast cancer mortality (HR: 8.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 63.0). In men exposed to famine in early gestation, these associations were as follows compared with unexposed men: overall adult mortality (HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.1), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.3, 3.1), and cancer mortality (HR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 1.9). Conclusions: Women exposed to famine in early gestation had a higher overall adult, cardiovascular, cancer, and breast cancer mortality risk than did women not exposed to famine. No such effects were observed in men exposed to famine in early gestation. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:179–83.
Blackfoot Dictionary of Stems, Roots, and Affixes

This second edition of the critically acclaimed dictionary originally published in 1989 adds more than 300 new entries and amplifies over 1000 others. The Blackfoot Dictionary is a comprehensive guide to the vocabulary of Blackfoot, an Algonquian language spoken by thousands in Alberta and Montana. It contains more than 4,000 Blackfoot-English entries and an English index of more than 5,000 entries, and provides thorough coverage of cultural terms. The transcription uses an official, technically accurate alphabet and the authors have classified entries and selected examples based on more than 25 years of research.
A conjecture of Erdös on 3-powerful numbers

Erdos conjectured that the Diophantine equation x + y = z has infinitely many solutions in pairwise coprime 3-powerful integers, i.e., positive integers n for which p | n implies p 3 | n. This was recently proved by Nitaj who, however, was unable to verify the further conjecture that this could be done infinitely often with integers x, y and z none of which is a perfect cube. This is now demonstrated.