Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer across colonoscopy providers in English National Health Service: population based cohort study

Abstract Objectives To quantify post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) rates in England by using recent World Endoscopy Organisation guidelines, compare incidence among colonoscopy providers, and explore associated factors that could benefit from quality improvement initiatives. Design Population based cohort study. Setting National Health Service in England between 2005 and 2013. Population All people undergoing colonoscopy and subsequently diagnosed as having colorectal cancer up to three years after their investigation (PCCRC-3yr). Main outcome measures National trends in incidence of PCCRC (within 6-36 months of colonoscopy), univariable and multivariable analyses to explore factors associated with occurrence, and funnel plots to measure variation among providers. Results The overall unadjusted PCCRC-3yr rate was 7.4% (9317/126 152), which decreased from 9.0% in 2005 to 6.5% in 2013 (P<0.01). Rates were lower for colonoscopies performed under the NHS bowel cancer screening programme (593/16 640, 3.6%), while they were higher for those conducted by non-NHS providers (187/2009, 9.3%). Rates were higher in women, in older age groups, and in people with inflammatory bowel disease or diverticular disease, in those with higher comorbidity scores, and in people with previous cancers. Substantial variation in rates among colonoscopy providers remained after adjustment for case mix. Conclusions Wide variation exists in PCCRC-3yr rates across NHS colonoscopy providers in England. The lowest incidence was seen in colonoscopies performed under the NHS bowel cancer screening programme. Quality improvement initiatives are needed to address this variation in rates and prevent colorectal cancer by enabling earlier diagnosis, removing premalignant polyps, and therefore improving outcomes.
Comparative evaluation of pattern of abnormalities in hysterosalpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy among women with infertility in Zaria, Nigeria

Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy procedures commenced recently in our center and no study has been done on them yet. Also, there is paucity of information in our environment on comparison of laparoscopy/hysteroscopy findings with hysterosalpingography (HSG) amongst infertile women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pattern of the abnormalities detected on HSG in infertile women and to compare them with laparoscopy and hysteroscopy findings. A prospective study of 220 consecutive patients who had HSG between December, 2011 and May, 2013, at Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria was conducted. Clinical notes and radiological findings were analyzed for demographic data, uterine status, tubal and pelvic abnormalities. Findings were correlated with those of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Data was analyzed using EPI Info version 3.3. 2 for windows. Of the 72 women with tubal occlusion on HSG, 46 (63.89%) women had laparoscopy with dye test. HSG demonstrated unilateral tubal occlusion in 35 (76.09%) women and bilateral tubal occlusion in 11 (23.91%) women. The laparoscopy with dye test also demonstrated unilateral tubal occlusion in 34 (73.91%) women and bilateral tubal occlusion in 10 (21.74) women. The difference in the findings of both tests on tubal patency was not statistically significant (p>0.05). All the 26 women with uterine adhesion on HSG had diagnostic hysteroscopy which confirmed all the cases. There was no difference in the findings of both tests (p>0.05). Both HSG and diagnostic laparoscopy are effective in evaluating tubal patency with no significant difference in accuracy. Also both HSG and hysteroscopy are effective in evaluating intrauterine adhesions with no difference in accuracy. Key words: Abnormalities, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy/hysteroscopy, infertility.
A Simple Approximation for the Sum of Fading Random Variables via a Nakagami-m Distribution

Most of the classic fading variables can be obtained through Nakagami-m distribution and the sum of them has a pivotal role in the analytical performance evaluation of many practical wireless applications. However, the exact probability density function (PDF) of this sum of fading variables could be difficult to obtain. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation to find a simple accurate approximation to the probability density function of the sum of Nakagami-m random variables. This approach provides expressions that can be used straightforwardly in the performance analysis of a number of wireless communication systems including multibranch receivers such as Maximal Ratio Combining and Equal Gain Combining, for which we present the application of the proposed framework. Numerical simulations show that our proposed method outperforms the well- known approach based on moment-matching method in terms of accuracy and simplicity. Moreover, the easiness of our proposal makes it suitable to be incorporated in network simulators to model and configure several wireless environments without additional computational complexity.
Cerebellar contribution to the cognitive alterations in SCA1: evidence from mouse models.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal expansion of glutamine (Q) encoding CAG repeats in the gene Ataxin-1 (ATXN1). Although motor and balance deficits are the core symptoms of SCA1, cognitive decline is also commonly observed in patients. While mutant ATXN1 is expressed throughout the brain, pathological findings reveal severe atrophy of cerebellar cortex in SCA1 patients. The cerebellum has recently been implicated in diverse cognitive functions, yet to what extent cerebellar neurodegeneration contributes to cognitive alterations in SCA1 remains poorly understood. Much of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of motor symptoms in SCA1 comes from mouse models. Reasoning that mouse models could similarly offer important insights into the mechanisms of cognitive alterations in SCA1 we tested cognition in several mouse lines using Barnes maze and fear conditioning. We confirmed cognitive deficits in Atxn1154Q/2Q knock-in mice with brain wide expression of mutant ATXN1 and in ATXN1 null mice. We found that shorter polyQ length and haploinsufficiency of ATXN1 do not cause significant cognitive deficits. Finally, ATXN1[82Q] transgenic mice-with cerebellum limited expression of mutant ATXN1-demonstrated milder impairment in most aspects of cognition compared to Atxn1154Q/2Q mice, supporting the concept that cognitive deficits in SCA1 arise from a combination of cerebellar and extra-cerebellar dysfunctions.
An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In‐Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite

Implanted neural stimulation and recording devices hold vast potential to treat a variety of neurological conditions, but the invasiveness, complexity, and cost of the implantation procedure greatly reduce access to an otherwise promising therapeutic approach. To address this need, a novel electrode that begins as an uncured, flowable prepolymer that can be injected around a neuroanatomical target to minimize surgical manipulation is developed. Referred to as the Injectrode, the electrode conforms to target structures forming an electrically conductive interface which is orders of magnitude less stiff than conventional neuromodulation electrodes. To validate the Injectrode, detailed electrochemical and microscopy characterization of its material properties is performed and the feasibility of using it to stimulate the nervous system electrically in rats and swine is validated. The silicone‐metal‐particle composite performs very similarly to pure wire of the same metal (silver) in all measures, including exhibiting a favorable cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCC) and charge injection limits compared to the clinical LivaNova stimulation electrode and silver wire electrodes. By virtue of its simplicity, the Injectrode has the potential to be less invasive, more robust, and more cost‐effective than traditional electrode designs, which could increase the adoption of neuromodulation therapies for existing and new indications.
Changes in Calcium Homeostasis and Gene Expression Implicated in Epilepsy in Hippocampi of Mice Overexpressing ORAI1

Previously, we showed that the overexpression of ORAI1 calcium channel in neurons of murine brain led to spontaneous occurrence of seizure-like events in aged animals of transgenic line FVB/NJ-Tg(ORAI1)Ibd (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology). We aimed to identify the mechanism that is responsible for this phenomenon. Using a modified Ca2+-addback assay in the CA1 region of acute hippocampal slices and FURA-2 acetomethyl ester (AM) Ca2+ indicator, we found that overexpression of ORAI1 in neurons led to altered Ca2+ response. Next, by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) we identified a set of genes, whose expression was changed in our transgenic animals. These data were validated using customized real-time PCR assays and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) ddPCR. Using real-time PCR, up-regulation of hairy and enhancer of split-5 (Hes-5) gene and down-regulation of aristaless related homeobox (Arx), doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), and cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (Cdkl5, also known as serine/threonine kinase 9 (Stk9)) genes were found. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) analysis revealed down-regulation of Arx. In humans, ARX, DCLK1, and CDLK5 were shown to be mutated in some rare epilepsy-associated disorders. We conclude that the occurrence of seizure-like events in aged mice overexpressing ORAI1 might be due to the down-regulation of Arx, and possibly of Cdkl5 and Dclk1 genes.
Reply to Letter to the Editor: "No insulating effect of obesity, neither in mice nor in humans".

TO THE EDITOR : In a recent clinical study (2), we measured the metabolic rate of healthy, young lean and obese men exposed to various ambient temperatures to compare a prespeciﬁed primary outcome of the capacity of cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT), deﬁned as the percentage above basal metabolic rate (BMR) at the coldest tolerated temperature. Our data, summarized in Fig. 1 A , demonstrate that compared to their lean counterparts, men with obesity began CIT at a colder temperature, had a narrower range of tolerable cool temperatures for CIT, and had a reduced CIT capacity. reﬂects
MODELING THE WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND PREDICTED PROBABILITIES OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN PAKISTAN

A number of logistic regression models were worked out to examine the factors affecting the contraceptive use in Pakistan by using the data from 2000-01 Pakistan Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey. The predicted probabilities of contraceptive use, through logistic regression model, by using the most significant factors which are affecting the contraceptive use in Pakistan were also worked out. The findings indicate that, an improvement in husband-wife educational level, results in greater spouses' communication about family planning will increase the use of contraception. The husbands' desire for more children, a preference for the next child, and the women's poor education attainment level are the main factors affecting the contraceptive use in Pakistan. It is recommended that the predicted probabilities must be computed in the prevalence of contraceptive studies because it provides a precise degree of assessment of the acceptability of contraception.
Bone Defect Management with Vascularized Fibular Grafts in the Treatment of Grade III-IV Osteomyelitis

Abstract Purpose This study is a retrospective analysis of our experience in microsurgical bone transfers for complex limb reconstructions. The aim of this study is to evaluate reliability of the vascularized fibula technique: infection recurrence, hypertrophy, time to bone union, complications, and time to healing in severe osteomyelitis (Cierny-Mader III and IV) cases over a 38 to 93 month follow-up. Patients and Methods From March 2010 until December 2015, 18 patients’ limbs (6 females and 1 2 males; mean age 48.7 years) were reconstructed with 10 free fibula flaps, 5 pedicled fibula flaps, 3 peroneus brevis osteomuscular flaps. We reconstructed 2 radiuses, 2 ulnae, 4 femurs, 4 tibiae, 1 acetabulum and 3 fibular malleoli. Results We considered as successful results all cases where patients had successful functional bone reconstruction with no recurrence of infection during the follow up (mean time 63.6 months). We obtained 14 complete functional reconstructions, 2 limb salvages with impaired function, and 2 failures which underwent major amputations. In only one case there was an infection recurrence. Conclusions The bone defect reconstruction with vascularized fibula grafts in severe bone infections is an effective option, but requires a well trained multidisciplinary team to manage the high rate of complications. Complications, in our series, were demonstrated to be significantly associated to patients defined as B-hosts according to Cierny-Mader’s classification (P < 0.05), and caliber discrepancy between fibula and reconstructed bones such as Tibia and Femur (P < 0.005). Furthermore, stress fractures in the grafted fibulae were prognostic indicators for overall treatment failure (P < 0.05).
The Relationship Between ADHD Symptomatology and Financial Well-Being Among College Students

Objective: Although there is research that indicates financial difficulties among adults with ADHD, little research has examined financial well-being among college students with ADHD. Method: The present study explored the relationships between symptoms of ADHD and credit card and student loan debt, expected student loan debt, perceived financial well-being, worries about student loans, and financial strain behaviors among 612 college students at two public universities in different states. Results: Results indicated that students with more symptoms of ADHD reported lower perceived financial well-being, but there was no relationship between symptomatology and credit card and student loan debt or expected student loan debt. Conclusion: These results highlight the opportunity for interventions to address current perceived financial well-being and to prevent future financial concerns.
Public Awareness of Tuberculosis in Southeast China: A Population-Based Study

Few provinces in China have recently conducted population-based surveys on tuberculosis (TB) awareness at the provincial level. Hence, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study to evaluate the level of awareness of TB knowledge among residents of Zhejiang Province, China from October 2018 to December 2018. A total of 7174 individuals were randomly selected to participate in this survey. The rate of awareness of key information on TB was found to be 48.0%. The study’s participants exhibited a good understanding of the transmission route (80.8%), curable outcome (78.3%), and designated treatment sites (67.0%) of TB. The rate of awareness of suspicious TB symptoms (36.1%) and the relief policy on diagnosis and first-line therapeutic drugs (38.0%) were found to be relatively low among the respondents. People living in rural areas, those who were less educated, and students all showed a low level of awareness of key knowledge about TB. In conclusion, residents in Zhejiang Province generally lacked key information about TB, which is not conducive to the early detection and treatment of TB. Corresponding efforts should be made for different groups of people to achieve favorable effects on the prevention and control of TB.
Scrotal tick damage as a cause of infertility in communal bulls in Moretele, South Africa

Calving rate in communal cattle influences both food security and socio-economics in rural households. A previous study indicated that scrotal damage caused by ticks could affect the fertility of communal bulls and reduce the annual calving rate. The objectives of the study were to investigate the annual calving rate in communal herds by counting calves during herd visits, perform breeding soundness examinations on bulls and identify adult ticks attached to their genitalia. This prospective longitudinal survey was based on participatory rural appraisal. Calving rates were estimated in cows (n = 2398) from 100 randomly selected communal herds in Moretele over 12 months in 2013, during routine visits by animal health technicians. Randomly selected bulls (n = 50) from these herds were tested for Brucella abortus, Trichomonas foetus and Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. The calving rate was 35.86% (0.359). The mean scrotal circumference was 37.63 ± 3.42 cm. Total sperm motility was 78.73 ± 35.73%; progressive sperm motility was 27.39 ± 15.81% and non-progressive sperm motility was 51.34 ± 19.92%. Thirty-five of the 38 bulls examined for breeding soundness exhibited severe scrotal and preputial lesions caused by the adult ticks Amblyomma hebraeum and Hyalomma rufipes. Tick control methods used included spraying (n = 20), pour-on (n = 11), no control (n = 1) and various (n = 18). It was concluded that in Moretele genital tick damage had a more serious impact on the fertility of communal bulls than contagious diseases. Targeted acaricidal spot treatment of the genitalia of communal bulls to prevent infestation is recommended, as tick control strategies used by farmers appeared to be inadequate.
Evening chronotype, late weekend sleep times and social jetlag as possible causes of sleep curtailment after maintaining perennial DST: ain’t they as black as they are painted?

ABSTRACT People sleep less in response to setting social clocks earlier relative to the sun clocks. We proposed here a model-based approach for estimating sleep loss as the difference between weekend and weekday risetimes divided on the difference between weekend risetime and weekday bedtime. We compared this approach with a traditional approach to estimating sleep curtailment as the difference in weekly average sleep duration in two conditions. Weekday and weekend sleep times reported for 320 samples provided possibility of testing whether evening types with later weekend sleep times and larger social jetlag differ from morning types with earlier weekend sleep times and smaller social jetlag on amount of sleep lost (1) throughout the week and (2) in response to an advance of weekday wakeups, for instance, after the expected installation of perennial Daylight Saving Time (DST). We found that (1) an amount of sleep lost due to advancing shift of weekday wakeups depends upon neither chronotype nor weekend sleep times nor social jetlag, (2) a very large amount of sleep is usually lost by evening types with later weekend sleep times and larger social jetlag and (3) an essential sleep loss is caused by our usual work/school schedules, even in morning types with early weekend sleep times and small social jetlag. As compared to such permanent sleep losses experienced by any types, an additional loss due to switching from Standard Time (ST) to perennial DST are expected to be relatively small. We also found that the traditional way of calculation of sleep curtailment leads to paradoxical conclusions, such as (1) sleep loss is larger when social jetlag is smaller, not larger, (2) sleep loss is larger when weekend sleep times are earlier, not later, (3) despite 1-h difference between two student samples in weekday wakeups, their sleep losses can be identical.
Non-Immersive Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of the Older People: A Systematic Review into Efficacy and Effectiveness

Objective: the objective of this review is to analyze the advances in the field of rehabilitation through virtual reality, while taking into account non-immersive systems, as evidence have them shown to be highly accepted by older people, due to the lowest “cibersikness” symptomatology. Data sources: a systematic review of the literature was conducted in June 2019. The data were collected from Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases, analyzing manuscripts and articles of the last 10 years. Study selection: we only included randomized controlled trials written in English aimed to study the use of the virtual reality in rehabilitation. We selected 10 studies, which were characterized by clinical heterogeneity. Data extraction: quality evaluation was performed based on the Physioterapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, suggested for evidence based review of stroke rehabilitation. Of 10 studies considered, eight were randomized controlled trials and the PEDro score ranged from four to a maximum of nine. Data synthesis: VR (Virtual Reality) creates artificial environments with the possibility of a patient interaction. This kind of experience leads to the development of cognitive and motor abilities, which usually positively affect the emotional state of the patient, increasing collaboration and compliance. Some recent studies have suggested that rehabilitation treatment interventions might be useful and effective in treating motor and cognitive symptoms in different neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Conclusions: as it is shown by the numerous studies in the field, the application of VR has a positive impact on the rehabilitation of the most predominant geriatric syndromes. The level of realism of the virtual stimuli seems to have a crucial role in the training of cognitive abilities. Future research needs to improve study design by including larger samples, longitudinal designs, long term follow-ups, and different outcome measures, including functional and quality of life indexes, to better evaluate the clinical impact of this promising technology in healthy old subjects and in neurological patients.
ReELFA: A Scene Text Recognizer with Encoded Location and Focused Attention

LSTM and attention mechanism have been widely used for scene text recognition. However, the existing LSTMbased recognizers usually convert 2D feature maps into 1D space by flattening or pooling operations, resulting in the neglect of spatial information of text images. Additionally, the attention drift problem, where models fail to align targets at proper feature regions, has a serious impact on the recognition performance of existing models. To tackle the above problems, in this paper, we propose a scene text Recognizer with Encoded Location and Focused Attention, i.e., ReELFA. Our ReELFA utilizes one-hot encoded coordinates to indicate the spatial relationship of pixels and character center masks to help focus attention on the right feature areas. Experiments conducted on the benchmarking datasets IIIT5K, SVT, CUTE and IC15 demonstrate that the proposed method achieves comparable performance on the regular, low-resolution and noisy text images, and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on the more challenging curved text images.