Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF ETHNO-CARNIVORE RELATIONSHIP IN DHIRKOT, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR (PAKISTAN)

Human-carnivore conflict is the major issue for the carnivore conservation in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Due to the habitat degradation of the wildlife, the natural prey of carnivore species is declined resulting into t he increased depredation of livestock, which in turn causes the human-carnivore conflicts. This paper presents the results of the study of the human-carnivore relationship in Tehsil Dhirkot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan during 2009 -2010. Study was aimed to explore the extent of depredation (injuries and deaths) of livestock and human beings by different carnivore species, estimation of the economic loss of the local villagers, perceptions of the locals and retaliatory killings of carnivores during the last three years. A sum total of 150 affectees were interviewed using structured questionnaires and discussions were made with the local community during 40 surveys conducted in 20 villages of eight union councils of the study area. Three main carnivore species were found to be responsible for livestock killing and human injury. Common Leopard was responsible for the majority (70.8%) of such livestock killing; mainly goats (20%) and donkeys (18%). Jackals were responsible for about 80% of the poultry killin gs. These livestock depredations by carnivore species lead to a financial loss of about US$ 23529.41 to the local community during 2009-2010. Four persons were also injured during the leopard attacks at Surang, Hill, Munhasa and Sohawa. In response, four l eopards were killed by the local community at Ghaziabad, Narakot, Surang and Rangla. Most (85%) of the people dislike predators and about 90% respondents recommended that predators should be conserved in zoos and wildlife parks while 10% respondents were i n favor of predator conservation in natural habitat. The study revealed that leopards along with other carnivore species were widely involved in depredation of livestock and has been heavily persecuted by the rural communities. This issue is the major threat to the conservation of large carnivore species. To improve both large carnivore population and local livelihood prospects around study area, conservation and management projects with conflict mitigation strategies should be initiated.
THE EFFECTS OF BETWEEN-SET INTERVENTIONS ON PERFORMANCE

Background – Power restoration between sets of high intensity exercise is an important factor in improving performance. Many interventions, such as sports massage and active recovery, have been utilised to enhance muscle recovery and performance. There are very few published articles which have investigated, and compared, these interventions when applied between sets of exercise. Aim – The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sports massage and active recovery on between-set recovery during maximal power training. Method – Eight (n = 8) competitive male athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Three sets of ten squat jumps were performed with a recovery intervention (passive rest, active recovery or sports massage) applied in-between each set. Active recovery consisted of 10 minutes of jogging, maintaining a heart rate ranging between 60% – 65% of maximum heart rate. Massage was applied to the quadriceps muscle group (anterior part of thigh) for 10 minutes (5 minutes on each leg). The study used a crossover design and therefore the participants experienced each intervention and acted as their own control. Results – A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference in fatigue decrement, between the first and second squat jump set, when sports massage and active recovery was applied (P > 0.05). No significant difference in fatigue decrement was found, with the use of sports massage and active recovery, between set 2 and 3 (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in fatigue decrement between set 1 and 3 when massage was applied (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant reduction in fatigue decrement between set 1 and 3 when active recovery was undertaken (P < 0.05). Conclusion – The present findings suggested that massage had no significant effect on reducing fatigue or improving performance when applied between sets of exercise. Active recovery was the superior modality and had a positive influence on fatigue decrement and recovery enhancement. Further research is required to support the use of sports massage as a means of enhancing muscle recovery and power restoration.
Principle of Selectivity in Housing Rehabilitation Subsidies: A Case Study in Hong Kong

In view of tight public budget and public accountability, housing subsidies have to be selective. Different criteria are used to screen off ineligible applicants but inappropriately chosen criteria can result in inefficient resource allocation. This study investigates the subsidies offered by the public sector for rehabilitating private housing in Hong Kong. In light of the age-old problem of urban decay in the city, grants and loans have been offered to homeowners as an incentive to stimulate voluntary housing rehabilitation. Yet, whether the eligibility criteria of the subsidy schemes entail efficient resource allocation is in question. Upon the regression of the dilapidation assessment results of multi-owned housing in Hong Kong on the eligibility criteria, older and unmanaged housing is found to be more derelict. Development scale and rateable value are also correlated to the dilapidation level. Policy and practical implications then follow.
Copper-induced changes in growth and antioxidative mechanisms of tea plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

Tea is the oldest, most popular, non-alcoholic caffeine containing beverage in the world. Tea plants are prone to the attack of many diseases which can be controlled by the treatment of pesticides. These pesticides contain heavy metal which prolonged accumulation can lead to the damage of crop yield both in quantity and quality. In the present study, we observed the effects of high concentration of Cu stress on physiological and biochemical parameters. The tea cultivars (S 3 A 3 and TS-491) were collected from the Rosekandi Tea Estate, Silchar, Assam. The accumulation of Cu in the different parts of the tea plants had a positive correlation with the Cu stress. The accumulation of Cu was higher in roots than in leaves and also the new stems. The results show gradual decrease in the photosynthetic activity with the increase in the concentration of the Cu stress in both the cultivars. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased with the increase in the Cu concentration but remarkably in different manner in both the cultivars. The activities of antioxidants ascorbate peroxidase (APX), CAT, SOD and POD in cultivar S 3 A 3 increased up to 500 µM and at 600 µM showed a low rate of increase whereas TS-491was tolerant up to 400 µM. The responses in the oxidative stress were characterized by an accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Phenol content has also positive correlation with increase in the concentration in both the cultivars up to 500 µM. Finally it was concluded that Cu is tolerant to the cultivars of tea plant to some extent (specifically at lower concentration), but at higher concentration (beyond 400 µM) of Cu with exposure time, tea plant had a strong inhibition of growth by damaging the normal metabolism. Keywords: Tea plants, copper stress, physiological characters, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species. Abbreviation: ROS, Oxygen species; POD, peroxidase; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; CAT , catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; NBT, nitrobluetetrazolium; MDA, malondialdehyde
The Value of Petroleum Exploration under Uncertainty A Real Options Approach

We develop a framework for valuation and optimal decision making in oil exploration projects with uncertain surroundings. In particular, we construct a real options valuation framework that incorporates the stochastic process of the oil price, on-going exploration costs subjected to an uncertain time to completion of the exploration, and the total amount of oil in the field. First, we outline a model including an abandonment option. If abandoned, we let the owner sell the project to another player in the market. Then, we extend the model by including an option to delay the final investment cost when the exploration is completed. Furthermore, we find the optimal threshold levels for the oil price at which the project should be invested in or abandoned. Despite the elements of flexibility involved, and the uncertainty in oil prices and time to completion, we are able to obtain simple closed form solutions. We find that by allowing the owner to sell the project at abandonment, the total project value and the abandonment threshold level increase. However, the effect is diminishing with the oil price. The option to delay the final investment increases the project value but lowers the abandonment threshold level. Finally, we perform sensitivity analysis by changing important input parameters, such as the expected time to completion of the exploration stage and the total amount of oil in the field. The focus of the thesis is on the petroleum industry, and the Norwegian continental shelf in particular. However, the framework and the possible closed form solutions are applicable to a wide range of investment cases, such as R&D projects and projects involving other natural resources.
Shocking results without shocks: Subsonic turbulence in smoothed particle hydrodynamics and moving-mesh simulations

Highly supersonic, compressible turbulence is thought to be of tantamount importance for star formation processes in the interstellar medium. Likewise, cosmic structure formation is expected to give rise to subsonic turbulence in the intergalactic medium, which may substantially modify the thermodynamic structure of gas in virialized dark matter halos and affect small-scale mixing processes in the gas. Numerical simulations have played a key role in characterizing the properties of astrophysical turbulence, but thus far systematic code comparisons have been restricted to the supersonic regime, leaving it unclear whether subsonic turbulence is faithfully represented by the numerical techniques commonly employed in astrophysics. Here we focus on comparing the accuracy of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and our new moving-mesh technique AREPO in simulations of driven subsonic turbulence. To make contact with previous results, we also analyze simulations of transsonic and highly supersonic turbulence. We find that the widely employed standard formulation of SPH yields problematic results in the subsonic regime. Instead of building up a Kolmogorov-like turbulent cascade, large-scale eddies are quickly damped close to the driving scale and decay into small-scale velocity noise. Reduced viscosity settings improve the situation, but the shape of the dissipation range differs compared with expectations for a Kolmogorov cascade. In contrast, our moving-mesh technique does yield power-law scaling laws for the power spectra of velocity, vorticity and density, consistent with expectations for fully developed isotropic turbulence. We show that large errors in SPH's gradient estimate and the associated subsonic velocity noise are ultimately responsible for producing inaccurate results in the subsonic regime. In contrast, SPH's performance is much better for supersonic turbulence. [Abridged]
Nocturnal Evolution of Cloud Clusters over Eastern China during the Intensive Observation Periods of GAME/HUBEX in 1998 and 1999

Global Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX)-Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME)/Huaihe River Basin Energy Water Cycle Experiments (GAME/HUBEX) were conducted during the Meiyu period in 1998 and 1999. Using infrared brightness temperature (TBB) data of the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)-5, we investigated the diurnal variation of 61 long-lasting cloud clusters that developed during GAME/HUBEX Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs). More than two-thirds of the cloud clusters, named nocturnal-type clusters, attained a convective peak between midnight and early morning, with most peaking between 00 and 02 LST. Almost all of these nocturnal-type cloud clusters developed in, or south of the Meiyu frontal zone. The other clusters, named evening-type cloud clusters, peaked from late afternoon to evening, and were less intense than the nocturnal clusters.GAME-Reanalysis (Version 1.5) data showed that the ageostrophic wind component over a large domain to the south of the Meiyu front shifted from easterly to southerly, and increased the velocity of the southwesterly airflow largely at low levels at nighttime (02 LST). This southwesterly ageostrophic synoptic-scale low-level jet (S-LLJ) transported large amounts of water vapor to the Meiyu front, forcing large moisture convergence within, and immediately south of the Meiyu frontal zone. The low-level moisture convergence, and the S-LLJ itself are proposed to support the nocturnal evolution or redevelopment of cloud clusters.
Are HIV Infected People Well Prepared to Travel? Polish Experience

Introduction: This study aimed to identify knowledge about preparation for travel among Polish HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods: Our prospective questionnaire-based study assessed whether the abovementioned issues had an influence on travel plan decisions and whether HIV infected Polish people had any problems before and during travel. Results: All our 102 patients completed questionnaires. The majority sought pre-travel health advice. The mean duration of confirmed HIV infection was longer in travelers than in non-travelers (p = 0.02). More than half of travelers consulted with a physician prior to their journey but the most popular source of in-formation about the health risks of travelling was the internet while a doctor’s consultation was an alternative. Pre-travel prophylaxis was performed in less than 30% of patients. One of the most popular reasons for not travelling abroad was inadequate funds. Discussion: The situation of people with HIV in Poland is similar to that in other European countries. None of our patients had to give up their trip because of administrative barriers. HIV infected persons with a longer duration of infection were more willing to travel. One of the most popular reasons for not travelling abroad was inadequate funds. Among our patients, those afraid of potential health risks and inadequate funds are in the same proportion as in other countries. Conclusions: In our opinion, physicians should talk with HIV positive patients about their travel plans during routine visits. Polish HIV infected patients generally do not restrict their travel plans due to their HIV infection. The main sources of information for Polish HIV infected patients about possible problems during travel should be their doctor and additionally other sources of information like the internet.
LEAD ABSORPTION IN IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS

Se determinaron por espectrofotometria de absorcion atomica con horno de grafito los niveles de plomo en 56 terceros molares enteros impactados de gente entre 15 y 28 anos de edad que radica en la ciudad de Mexico. Las muestras se clasificaron por tipo de diente, genero y edad. Las concentraciones de plomo de los terceros molares se ajustaron a una distribucion aproximadamente lognormal, por lo tanto, se aplico estadistica no parametrica para estimar si hay diferencias significativas entre las variables mencionadas y la concentracion de plomo. La media geometrica ( X g) de todos los terceros molares fue de 4.21 ± 1.74 μg g 1, con mayores concentraciones en los molares mandibulares ( X g = 4.53 ± 1.62 μg g 1) que en los molares maxilares ( X g = 3.87 ± 1.86 μg g 1); sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ellos. En los molares de los donadores de mayor edad la media geometrica de plomo fue mas elevada ( X g = 5.81 μg g 1). Los molares de las mujeres tuvieron niveles de plomo mas altos que los de los hombres, con diferencias no significativas entre ellos.
Recovery of copepod, but not cladoceran, zooplankton from severe and chronic effects of multiple stressors

In the mid-twentieth century, many lakes near Sudbury, Canada, were severely contaminated by acid and metal emissions from local smelters. For example, in the early 1970s, Middle Lake had pH of 4.2, and Cu and Ni levels both >0.5 mg L )1 . T o determine if crustacean zooplankton could recover from such severe and chronic damage, Middle Lake was neutralized in 1973. A comparison of its zooplankton with that of 22 reference (pH > 6) lakes indicates that the planktonic Copepoda completely recovered by 2001. In contrast, the cladoceran assemblage improved but did not recover. Colonist sources existed – Cladocera and Copepoda occurred with equal frequency in area lakes – but six separate colonizations by cladoceran species failed. We argue that local factors, metal toxicity and predation by yellow perch, have, to date, prevented cladoceran recovery. Nonetheless, the complete copepod recovery is encouraging, given the severity and duration of pre-neutralization stress.
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING - THE BOOST TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: AN ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT AMONGST AUSTRIAN BUSINESS ENTITIES

Organizational Learning is a major factor in an organizations development in both economic as well as organizational terms. This is true even more so, as the momentum of driven by technological and macroeconomic developments is getting ever greater. In a series of quantitative surveys amongst organizations in different branches of business the author gathers relevant data different provinces in Austria and suggests interdependencies as well as possible consequences for organizations and highlights some suggestions for the further course of action both in research and on a company level. The research project is based on the hypothesis of Organizational Learning influencing Organizational Performance in the sense of economic resilience and vice versa. Furthermore the author assumes a positive connection between Human Resource Management (HRM) firstly positively influencing Organizational Learning and secondly also directly positively influencing Organizational Performance. Preliminary findings suggest however, that the presupposed connection is weaker than anticipated respectively the direction of the presupposed mutual influence is not predetermined.
The Effect of Computer Aided Education on the Skill of Word Stressing in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of computer aided education on the skill of word stressing in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Single group pre-test and post-test experimental design was used in the study. The group of the study consisted of 23 foreign students in Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University School of Foreign Languages Turkish Preparatory Program in 2014-2015 academic year. To improve the skill of word stressing, computer-assisted prosody training was applied to the students for 5 weeks. Data of the study was obtained from the “Word Stressing Measurement Tool” and the audio recordings of the students. In addition to these, words and compound words in the “Word Stressing Measurement Tool” were grouped according to the rules of Turkish word stress. The audio recordings taken from the students to determine the level of students’ success in word stressing was examined and assessed in terms of fundamental frequency on Praat 3.8. 47 speech analysis program. These results were analyzed using paired samples t-test on SPSS 20.0 statistical package software. Whether there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students in the groups of the words and compound words in the “Word Stressing Measurement Tool” formed in terms of the rules of Turkish word stress and in the groups of the participants formed according to their mother tongue or the official language spoken in their countries were found out. As a result of the research, it was found that there was a significant increase in the participants’ success of word stressing. These results indicated that computer aided word stress training has an effect on improving the skill of word stressing in teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
Financial Sector Development: Evidence from Institutional Reforms in Nigeria

The paper examine the impact of institutional reforms on financial sector development in Nigeria using data that span the periods of 1996 to 2011. Our findings indicates that measures of institutional reform such as regulatory quality (Rqty), government effectiveness (Gef); and political stability and absence of voice (Psav) impact strongly on financial sector development (Dcps) in Nigeria, suggesting the need for institutional reforms that can promote viable regulatory system for the enhancement of contract enforcement; property right protection, corruption control; and to avoid any form of politically motivated violence, unconstitutional overthrownment and terrorism in Nigeria. The results of the causality test also show that financial sector development (Dcps) granger causes economic growth (Rgdp) in Nigeria. However, it is evident that future improvements in institutional quality in Nigeria, through initiation of all-encompassing reforms in the institutions, may promote financial sector development which may in turn promote economic growth.
The Impact of Experiential Marketing and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Commitment in the World of Social Networks

The objective of this research is to evaluate the inter-relationships among the experiential marketing, customer satisfaction and customer commitment in the context of the social networks users in Malaysia. A total of six hypotheses will be tested. A descriptive research will be carried out to address the research objective. Judgemental sampling technique and the distribution of a total 350 sets of questionnaire in the form of self-administered survey among the social networks users will be selected as part of the research methodology. The statistical data will be analyzed by SPSS software version 20. Both simple and multiple regression analyses will be used to verify the six proposed hypotheses. The findings concluded that only sense and feel experiences are positively related to the customer satisfaction as well as customer satisfaction is positively related to the customer commitment.
After theatre : a critical analysis of performance practices in Bali, and the problem of audiences

idea of knowledge on Balinese, and what are the implications of doing so in various historical and political contexts? What is the outcome of the fact that most prominent scholars and practitioners in Bali today have been educated in the United States and have at 71 For instance, Balinese often remark that they ‘do not know’ Old Javanese/Kawi, which is often used in Balinese performance, and so the language needs to be translated for them into Balinese by low-status characters. However, this may say more about Balinese ideas about knowledge and understanding than it does about the linguistic skills of contemporary audiences. For instance, for a Balinese to say that they know ([A] uning or [B] tawang) Kawi would be arrogant, as ‘knowing’ implies the ability to marshal convincing evidence for something (see Hobart 2000: Chapters Four and Five). By contrast, questions about whether one’s interlocutors nurah (#to guess, to think, to imitate/follow someone’s custom) result in long discussions of practices and what they are for. However, the researcher’s ability to ask this question is limited by their presuppositions about knowledge.