Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Modeling the magnetosphere for northward interplanetary magnetic field: Effects of electrical resistivity” by Joachim Raeder

In a recent article Raeder [1999] presented a series of MHD simulations using a resistive MHD model to describe the interaction of the terrestrial magnetosphere with the solar wind for due northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. Depending on the initial conditions, the simulated magnetotail remained open for at least 6 hours after the IMF turned from south to north, or remained closed at all times when the simulation started with northward IMF. When an increasing amount of uniform resistivity was added, the magnetotail became closed, and its length decreased with increasing resistivity. At the same time, increasing uniform resistivity diffused the bow shock heavily. Raeder [1999, p. 17,357] speculated that models that predict the rapid closure of the magnetosphere and the formation of a steady, finite-length tail are “possibly in error due to numerical resistivity. ” The variation of explicit resistivity of Raeder [1999], intended to mimic the artificial resistivity present in MHD codes, is an interesting exercise. However, we disagree with Raeder’s statements about the numerical resistivity being the cause of closed magnetotails for northward IMF. In fact, as it will be described in this comment, there are several reasons to believe that numerical resistivity does not play a role in the formation of closed magnetotails. In this Comment we point out the following: 1. A number of investigators, using a wide variety of MHD codes, have reported closed configurations for the northward IMF condition. Raeder’s [this issue] implication that all these codes are only as accurate as the first-order Rusanov solution, provided by him for comparison, is contradicted both by the marked similarities of some codes (particularly that of Raeder [1999] and that of Fedder and Lyon [1995]) and by published convergence studies [e.g. Powell et al., 1999]. 2. Closed configurations have been obtained with MHD codes with similar underlying schemes as the approach employed by Raeder [1999] and on meshes more highly resolved than those employed by him [cf. Song et al., 1999]. 3. In the simulations presented by Raeder [1999], added uniform resistivity simultaneously resulted in closed magnetotails and substantial diffusion of the bow shock (the upstream plasma pressure in the equatorial plane significantly exceeded the thermal pressure of the ambient solar wind). By interpreting the difference between his results and those of other investigators in terms of numerical resistivity, Raeder [1999] reaches unjustified and incorrect conclusions. In particular, in his simulations, short, closed tails come together with the disappearance of well-defined bow shocks. Since other simulations obtaining closed magnetotails have sharp and well-resolved bow shocks, Raeder’s [1999] simulations imply that these results cannot be due to uniform numerical resistivity.
On the political economy of immigration

This paper explores the interactions between immigration, inequality and redistributive fiscal policy in a dynamic general equilibrium model in which government policies are eodogenously determined thrcugh lotingA model is constructed in which agents vote on the level of immigration into the economy. It is shown that agents' preferences over the level of immigration are influenced by the efrects of immigration on factor prices. Agents' preferences ove! imnigration are shown to depend non-trivially on the chaxacteristics of immigrants and whether they will receile the franc.hise to l'ote iu the future. It is shoq'n that subtle changes in the distdbution of wealth among existing citizens can have a drsmatic impact on the eqrdlibrium behavior of the economy. *The author s/ish to tha.nk seminar participarts at Southenr Methodist University for numerous commeDts. The views expressed here are solely those of the authoG and do not rcflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dsllas or the Federal R€serve System. tDepartment of Economics, Southern Methodiet University. iDepartment of Economics, Southern Methodist University, a.nd Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. On the political economy of immigration
AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-09-1-0398 TITLE: Targeted Approaches to Overcoming Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

Introduction: Despite the benefits of estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted endocrine therapies in breast cancer, many tumors develop resistance. 14-3-3 ζ/YWHAZ, a member of the 14-3-3 family of conserved proteins, is over-expressed in several types of cancer, and our previous work showed that high expression of 14-3-3ζ in ER-positive breast cancers was associated with a poor clinical outcome for women on tamoxifen. Therefore, we now probe the role of 14-3-3ζ in endocrine resistance, and we examine the functional dimensions and molecular basis that underlie 14-3-3ζ activities. Methods: From analyses of four independent breast cancer microarray datasets from nearly 400 women, we characterized a gene signature that correlated strongly with high expression of 14-3-3ζ in breast tumors and examined its association with breast cancer molecular subtypes and clinical-pathological features. We investigated the effects of altering 14-3-3ζ levels in ER-positive, endocrine sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells on the regulation of 14-3-3ζ signature genes, and on cellular signaling pathways and cell phenotypic properties. Results: The gene signature associated with high 14-3-3ζ levels in breast tumors encompassed many with functions in mitosis and cytokinesis, including aurora kinase-B, polo-like kinase-1, CDC25B, and BIRC5/survivin. The gene signature correlated with early recurrence and risk of metastasis, and was found predominantly in luminal B breast cancers, the more aggressive ER-positive molecular subtype. The expression of the signature genes was significantly decreased or increased upon reduction or overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in ER-positive breast cancer cells, indicating their coregulation. 14-3-3ζ also played a critical role in the regulation of FOXM1, with 14-3-3ζ acting upstream of FOXM1 to regulate cell division-signature genes. Depletion of 14-3-3ζ markedly increased apoptosis, reduced proliferation and receptor tyrosine kinase (HER2 and EGFR) signaling, and, importantly, reversed endocrine resistance. Conclusions: This study reveals that 14-3-3ζ is a key predictive marker for risk of failure on endocrine therapy and serves a pivotal role impacting growth factor signaling, and promoting cell survival and resistance to endocrine therapies. Targeting 14-3-3ζ and its coregulated proteins, such as FOXM1, should prove valuable in restoring endocrine sensitivity and reducing risk of breast cancer recurrence.
USERS’ GUIDE TO THE SURGICAL LITERATURE: How to work with a subgroup analysis

S urgical practice should principally be based on evidence originating from high-quality data such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Whereas these studies mostly investigate general and representative patient populations, clinical decisions most often depend on individual patient characteristics. To concede to the need of individually based guidelines, many RCTs report analyses on specific subgroups of patients. The main aim of a subgroup analysis is to identify either consistency of or large differences in the magnitude of treatment effect among different categories of patients. Determining whether the observed overall treatment effect is different across certain subgroups may justly provide some patients with its benefits and protect others from its harm. Irrespective of its practical potentials, subgroup analysis must be conscientious in design, reporting and interpretation. Many stringent methodological criteria apply but are far from always fulfilled. Consequently, inferences drawn may wrongfully direct management of certain patient groups. In fact, the definition of a subgroup analysis is equivocal in that authors use the term to indicate tests that estimate differences in treatment effect within subgroups (a subgroup effect) and between subgroups (an interaction; Table 1). The purpose of this article is to consider criteria for sound subgroup analyses in RCTs, assuming good underlying methodological quality of the main trial (i.e., randomization, assessor blinding, etc.). A clinical scenario, based on a recent RCT in orthopedic surgery, will practically support the theoretical statements throughout the text.
STORAGE RING MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION FOR Mg7+ FORMING Mg8+

We report electron impact ionization cross section measurements for Mg7+ forming Mg8+ at center of mass energies from approximately 200 eV to 2000 eV. The experimental work was performed using the heavy-ion storage ring TSR located at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg, Germany. We find good agreement with distorted wave calculations using both the gipper code of the Los Alamos Atomic Physics Code suite and using the Flexible Atomic Code.
Fluctuation theorem for counting statistics in electron transport through quantum junctions

(Dated: February 6, 2008)We demonstrate that the probability distribution of the net number of electrons passing througha quantum system in a junction obeys a steady-state ﬂuctuation theorem (FT) which can be testedexperimentally by the full counting statistics (FCS) of electrons crossing the lead-system interface.The FCS is calculated using a many-body quantum master equation (QME) combined with a Li-ouville space generating function (GF) formalism. For a model of two coupled quantum dots, weshow that the FT becomes valid for long binning times and provide an estimate for the ﬁnite-timedeviations. We also demonstrate that the Mandel (or Fano) parameter associated with the incomingor outgoing electron transfers show subpoissonian (antibunching) statistics.
Differentiation of Central Auditory Processing Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) can be distinguished from one another on the basis of both objective and subjective assessment of attention and behavior. First, children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, CAPD, and concomitant ADHD/CAPD were compared to participants with emotional problems on measures of attention/concentration, depression, anxiety, and parental reports of internalzing and externalizing behaviors. Overall, statistical analyses did not reveal significant differences between performances of children diagnosed with ADHD and those diagnosed with CAPD. However, clinical comparisons across groups of children diagnosed with ADHD, CAPD, comorbid ADHD/CAPD and Affective Disorders revealed condition-specific clinical profiles, thus providing some support for CAPD as a distinct clinical entity. Second, exploratory cluster analysis was performed to further investigate the relationship between ADHD and CAPD. This procedure lead to the identification of four distinct clusters. However, analyses of these clusters revealed no distinct pattern of performance for children diagnosed with either ADHD or CAPD. Rather, participants with these diagnoses were evenly distributed throughout the clusters. Additionally, no cluster clearly represented the expected clinical profile for a diagnosis of CAPD- namely, significant auditory attentional/processing problems in the absence of other attentional difficulties. Implications for the assessment and treatment of childhood attentional disorders are discussed and recommendations for future research provided.
Multidetector CT evaluation in Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and complex condition which requires a multispecialty approach for diagnosis, evaluation and management. The length of gastrointestinal tract as well as the variety of processes that can involve the gastrointestinal tract further complicate the evaluation. MDCT is a recently developed diagnostic tool for the evaluation of bowel diseases causing gastrointestinal bleeding. It not only helps in defining the extent of gastrointestinal disease, it also helps in evaluation of extra intestinal manifestations of the disease. Study was conducted by performing CT scan of abdomen and pelvis on a 64 Slice Optima CT 660 (Wipro GE Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.). The CT examination revealed pathological findings in 29 (80.55%) out of the 36 patients which were bowel wall thickening in 19 (52.8%), mass lesion in 14 (38.9%), polyp in 2 (5.5%), diverticulitis in 1 (2.7%), colitis in 1 (2.7%), varices in 1 (2.7%), hemorrhoids in 1 (2.7%) and vascular aneurysm in 1 (2.7%) patient with gastrointestinal bleeding. The maximum number of patients i.e. 9 (25%) were in the age group of 71-80 years. There was a female predominance with 23 (63.88%) females and 13 (36.11%) males.
On σ-porous sets in abstract spaces

The main aim of this survey paper is to give basic information about properties and applications of σ -porous sets in Banach spaces (and some other infinite-dimensional spaces). This paper can be considered a partial continuation of the author's 1987 survey on porosity and σ -porosity and therefore only some results, remarks, and references (important for infinite-dimensional spaces) are repeated. However, this paper can be used without any knowledge of the previous survey. Some new results concerning σ -porosity in finite-dimensional spaces are also briefly mentioned. However, results concerning porosity (but not σ -porosity) are mentioned only exceptionally.
BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVES

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare bond strength of four adhesives used in orthodontics for bonding brackets to tooth enamel. The adhesives used in this investigation were resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC-GC Corporation, Japan), light cured composite resin adhesives (ConTec LC-Dentaurum, Germany and Enlight Bonding system-Ormco, USA) and dual cured composite resin adhesive (ConTec Duo -Dentaurum,Germany). A sample of 80 extracted human premolars was divided into four groups of 20 teeth which were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and bonded in dry field to enamel of buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth with the same adhesive in one group. The debonding force was produced using universal Instron testing machine with cross head speed of 1mm/min and shear bond strength was measured. Statistical analysis used in this study included: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test i Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis chi-squared test. Even though, all four adhesives showed sufficient bond strength for orthodontic bonding, ConTec LC and ConTec Duo displayed the superior bonding properties comparing to Enlight and Fuji Ortho LC.
Anti-predator behaviour, space use and habitat selection in female roe deer during the fawning season in a wolf area

This study investigated the anti-predator strategies adopted by 19 radio-collared female roe deer during the fawning season by monitoring their spatial behaviour and habitat selection by means of radio-tracking. The study was carried out in a forest area of the Apennine Mountains (central Italy), where wolves are natural predators of roe deer and in summer fawns are more frequently predated than adult roe deer. The presence of fawns was monitored by means of direct observations. Roe deer fawns are known to adopt the hiding strategy during the lactation period, when they lie concealed for long periods waiting for their mothers' milk. As a consequence of this, the home-range sizes of mothers were significantly smaller than those of non-mothers during the summer lactation only. In contrast, no significant difference was found in spring, when fawns were absent, or autumn, when they were already weaned. In order to increase the success of the hiding strategy adopted by their fawns against wolf predation, mothers selected denser habitats (deciduous coppice forests) that provided denser undergrowth vegetation and limited visibility. In doing so, mothers traded open areas for forests throughout the fawning season. Indeed, mothers made significant habitat selection throughout the monitored period, and this was marked after the birth of fawns. In contrast, non-mothers generally used habitat types according to their availability. During lactation, the correlation between habitat use by mothers and habitat visibility (assessed using the form of a standard-sized roe deer) was inversely significant. These results taken together highlight the importance of anti-predator strategies adopted by roe deer mothers during the critical phase for fawn survival.
Multiprofessionalität in der inklusiven Schule: Eine empirische Studie zur Kooperation von Lehrkräften und Schulbegleiter/innen (Göttinger Schulbegleitungsstudie GötS)

Schulen gelten traditionell als Orte, an denen wenig professionelle Kooperation und noch weniger multi-professionelle Kooperation stattfindet (Lortie, 1975; Terhart, 1999; Weick, 1976); Lehrkrafte werden oft als „Einzelkampfer“ (Richter & Pant, 2016, S. 6) gesehen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat im deutschen Schulsystem ein weitreichender Veranderungsprozess eingesetzt, dessen Ende noch nicht in Sicht ist und der einen verstarkten Bedarf an Kooperation innerhalb der Lehrerschaft sowie mit anderen Berufsgruppen mit sich bringt (Bauer, 2008; Baumert et al., 2013; Lutje-Klose, 2011).
Turnover Intention, Organizational Commitment, and Specific Job Satisfaction among Production Employees in Thailand

﻿The purpose of this study was to examine how turnover intention relates to the attitudinal variables of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. We highlighted three specific facets of job satisfaction—personal development, human resources policy, and supervision—in a research context of Thailand, an important emerging market. A Thai company that operated a business in the fishing industry participated in this study, and the sample consisted of 255 employees who had worked for the company at least 3 months. The results of our analysis using a structural equation model indicated that Thai employees’ satisfaction with supervisors significantly affected turnover intention, while personal development and human resources policy indirectly influenced turnover intention through organizational commitment, which strongly mediated the relationship. Based on these findings, we concluded that the specific job satisfaction facet of supervision tends to be a direct determinant of turnover intention, while the two facets of personal development and human resources policy are likely to be an indirect determinant mediated by organizational commitment.
Toward a Constructivist Control Mastery Theory: An Integration With Narrative Therapy.

The integration of control mastery theory and narrative therapy provides a critical constructivist approach to a psychodynamic psychotherapy. The root metaphor of stories, even more than pathogenic beliefs, offers a fertile landscape in which clients’ problems can be deconstructed along the theoretical lines formulated by control mastery. A heightened sensitivity to cultural and intergenerational contexts adds to the power of such interventions. Perhaps even more important, new “mastery stories” can be constructed through attention to language, bodily based experience, and the therapeutic relationship. The positive outcome of this integration is greater ‘pro-plan’ specificity, which is the capacity to more effectively infer and support the client’s goals for therapy.
A High-Resolution Spectrum of the Extremely Metal-rich Bulge G Dwarf OGLE-2006-BLG-265

We present an R = 45,000 Keck spectrum of the microlensed Galactic bulge G dwarf OGLE-2006-BLG-265, which has high (~60) signal-to-noise ratio despite its short (15 minute) exposure time, because the source was magnified by A ~ 135. While it is very metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.56), the higher temperature of this star compared with the luminous red giants usually measured in the bulge gives its spectrum many unblended atomic lines. We measure the abundances of 17 elements, including the first abundances for S and Cu in a bulge star. The [α/Fe] ratios are subsolar, while the odd-Z elements are slightly supersolar, trends that are also seen in the more metal-rich stars in the bulge and the local Galactic disk. Because the star is a dwarf, the [O/Fe], [Na/Fe], and [Al/Fe] ratios cannot be attributed to internal mixing, as is sometimes claimed for giants. Similar high-resolution spectra could be obtained for about a dozen bulge dwarf stars per year by means of well-designed target-of-opportunity observations.
Noncommutative Solenoids and the Gromov-Hausdorff Propinquity

We prove that noncommutative solenoids are limits, in the sense of the Gromov-Hausdorff propinquity, of quantum tori. From this observation, we prove that noncommutative solenoids can be approximated by finite dimensional quantum compact metric spaces, and that they form a continuous family of quantum compact metric spaces over the space of multipliers of the solenoid, properly metrized.
Static and dynamic balance control in children with autism spectrum disorders

3 To my loving parents Judith and George Fournier 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. Chris Hass for providing me with invaluable insight, support and mentorship in the areas of biomechanics and postural control. In addition, I would like to sincerely thank him for maintaining a challenging learning environment necessary for the development of skills and confidence that will no doubt contribute to my success as an independent researcher. I wish to offer my sincerest gratitude to my internal supervisory committee members Dr. Mark Tillman and Dr Erik Wikstrom for their expertise and invaluable contributions to my specific area of study as well as my academic growth. I would also like to extend my genuine appreciation to my external supervisory committee members Dr. Krestin Radonovich and Dr. Mark Lewis for their experience and guidance in helping me learn an extensive amount about autism spectrum disorders. I would like to thank the faculty members in Applied Physiology and Kinesiology for opening many doors to my academic future. Their broad range of expertise has provided me with a solid foundation on which to build my continuing academic career. My experience at the University of Florida would most certainly have been lacking without the challenging demands put forth by the faculty members. I would especially like to thank Cara Kimberg for her expertise, her support, and her willingness to help at all costs. She is a dear friend and was absolutely instrumental in the completion of this project. I would also like to acknowledge the support provided by my colleagues in the Biomechanics Laboratory. I would like to thank Dana Otzel for being a very reliable assistant for data collection, and also Kari Mader and Steven Albrechta for being enthusiastic and competent " worker bees ". I would also like to acknowledge all the hard work and support offered by Michelle Benjamin and the volunteer students in the Neurodevelopmental lab. 5 I absolutely must also thank my family Annika, Leila and my dear friend Lori for supporting me, loving me, and providing me with the much needed support required to endure this lengthy and challenging process. A special thank you to the Bourke family for their friendship and for allowing me to shamelessly use their images in presentations and flyers distributed in the community in order to recruit participants for this study.