Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Reaction and Radiation Effect on MHD Flow Past an Exponentially Accelerated Vertical Plate in Presence of Heat Source with Variable Temperature Embedded in a Porous Medium

In this paper we analyse the effect of chemical reaction and radiation on MHD fluid flow through a porous medium in a uniform magnetic field with variable temperature and mass diffusion with heat source past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate. The non-dimensional equations governing the above flow characteristics are solved by using Laplace Transformation and the effect of different physical parameters on the velocity profile, temperature profile and concentration profile are illustrated graphically. Keywords: Variable temperature, heat source, radiation, porous medium.
An Endogenous Growth Model

Social capital has recently been introduced in the economic literature as a growth factor. In this paper we study the interactions between social and human capital, and their contributions to economic growth in an endogenous growth model. In particular, we are interested in comparing the results from our theoretical framework with the empirical evidence already found by other authors. The model indicates a correlation between human and social capital throughout time, as suggested by the data. Furthermore, an increasing in the relative importance of human capital when compared to social capital is always evident throughout the development process of the economy. JEL Classi cation: O15; O41, O47. Keywords: Human Capital, Social Capital, Economic Growth. Codes and results stated in the text but not presented for space reasons, are available from the corresponding author: sequeira@ubi.pt. We thank the useful comments of Catarina Roseta Palma. The usual disclaimer applies. yUBI and INOVA, UNL. sequeira@ubi.pt. Management and Economics Department. Universidade da Beira Interior. Estrada do Sineiro, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal. Tiago Neves Sequeira acknowledges the nancial support from POCI/FCT. zISCTE and UNIDE. alexandra.ferreira. lopes@iscte.pt. ISCTE, Economics Department, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal. Phone: +351 217903456, Fax: +351 217903933.
Eficiência técnica e retorno econômico do manejo de buva resistente ao glyphosate em pré-emergência da soja

A liberacao comercial da soja Roundup Ready ® favoreceu o manejo de plantas daninhas e possibilitou o cultivo da soja RR ® e a aplicacao do glyphosate em pos-emergencia da cultura. No entanto, o uso intensivo deste herbicida selecionou biotipos de buva resistentes e dificultou o controle. Muitos trabalhos avaliam a eficiencia tecnica de herbicidas, porem, na maioria das vezes, o retorno economico nao e analisado na tomada de decisao sobre a escolha dos herbicidas a serem aplicados. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiencia tecnica e o retorno economico da aplicacao de associacoes e doses de herbicidas no manejo de buva resistente ao glyphosate em pre-emergencia da soja. O experimento foi conduzido a campo no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram de associacoes entre glyphosate, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, diclosulam, chlorimuron-ethyl e flumioxazin. As variaveis analisadas foram controle de buva e fitotoxicidade na soja aos 7, 14, 21 e 35 dias apos a aplicacao e o rendimento de graos da soja. O retorno economico dos tratamentos foi calculado em funcao do custo dos herbicidas e do rendimento de graos da soja. Os resultados de controle e rendimento demonstraram que a associacao de glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, flumioxazin e 2,4-D e, glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, 2,4-D e saflufenacil apresentaram as melhores respostas de eficiencia tecnica e, a aplicacao do glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl e 2,4-D apresentou o melhor retorno economico. Entretanto, o aumento nas doses de chlorimuron-ethyl e sua associacao com flumioxazin nao melhorou o controle da buva.
Toward a General Theory of Customs Unions for Developing Countries

Abstract : An attempt is made to lay a corner-stone for a general theory of customs unions in less-developed countries. No attempt is made to examine the conditions under which a protectionist policy makes good sense; rather industrialization is accepted as a legitimate policy goal, and membership in a customs union is considered as a means toward a desirable economic end.
DISTRIBUTION OF OLIGOCHAETA SPECIES AS BIOINDICATORS OF ORGANIC POLLUTION IN ANKARA STREAM AND THEIR USE IN BIOMONITORING

Specimens of the Oligochaeta species to be used as bioindicators of organic pollution were collected from Ankara Stream between April 1991 and November 1992. These species have been interpreted together with physico-chemical and the most important ecological parameters of the sampling point and evaluated to be used in biomonitoring.
The Importance of Trade for the Ratification of the 1992 Climate Change Convention

The Importance of Trade for the Ratification of the 1992 Climate Change Convention Per G. Fredriksson and Noel Gaston The focus in this paper is the issue of “political drag” in environmental policy making. Do countries delay the ratification of international environmental agreements and the associated abatement efforts, for international “competitiveness” reasons? We study the determination of the propensity of countries to participate in global environmental policy making by ratifying the Framework Convention for Climate Change (FCCC). We found mixed evidence that trade mattered for the ratification of the FCCC. Whereas total exports have a positive impact on the speed of ratification, the opposite is true of total imports. More aggregate measures of trade openness indicate no effect of international trade flows on the probability of ratifying the FCCC, i.e., we find no evidence of “political drag” in the ratification process due to international trade. Other findings were that the conditional probability of signing the FCCC was positively related to total CO2 emissions and the presence of civil liberties.
Refinement of Biomarker Pentosidine Methodology for use on Aging Birds

There is no reliable method for determining age for most species of long-lived birds. Recent success using the skin chemical pentosidine as a biomarker has shown promise as an aging tool for birds. Pentosidine levels have been determined only from the breast tissue of carcasses, and we sought to refine the procedure with respect to biopsy size and location for safe and effective use on living birds. We compared pentosidine concentrations in 4 skin-size samples (4, 6, 8, and 20-mm diameter biopsies) from the breast of black vulture (Coragyps atratus) carcasses. We also compared pentosidine levels from breast and patagial tissue to document potential differences among collection sites of deceased vultures (with unknown ages) and monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus; with actual, minimal, and unknown ages). Pentosidine concentrations (pmol pentosidine/mg collagen) were similar among the 4 sizes of vulture breast skin (P = 0.82). Pentosidine concentrations for the breast (0 = 8.9, SE = 0.55, n = 28) and patagium (0 = 8.9, SE = 0.51, n = 28) of vultures were similar, but in parakeets, pentosidine was higher in the breast (0 = 15.9, SE = 1.30, n = 105) than the patagium (0 = 11.5, SE = 1.10, n = 105). We made pentosidine-based age estimates for vultures and parakeets using a general age curve for wild birds. We also made vulture age estimates using plumage characteristics and a cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) age curve. Vulture pentosidine-based age estimates appear to correspond to plumage-based age estimates. Pentosidine-based age estimates for 88% of the known-aged parakeets (n = 17) were within 6 months of actual ages. Even though known ages were not available for all birds, we found a positive trend in pentosidine versus age for both species. We suggest that 6-mm diameter skin samples from the patagium of living vultures and other similar-sized birds will provide sufficient tissue for reliable age estimation and will not impair flight ability.
AN EFFECTIVE STUDY ON UTILIZING BONE POWDER ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

With progression of technology and improved field of applications of concrete as well as mortars, the strength workability, flexibility as well as other features of ordinary concrete requires modifications to make it more appropriate. Our work studies the possibility of utilizing Cattle Bone Powder Ash as partial replacement of construction material in form of ash to substitute cement, in ground form to substitute sand in concrete and as particle to generate cement-particle. Partial replacement of Cement by Bone Powder Ash provides extra environmental as well as technical benefits. Cost of concrete reduces due to partial substitute of wastes and this knowledge assures high strength as well as high workability. By using bone powder ash in concrete makes it an efficient as well as innovative system of getting free of waste material that is damaging and dangerous to humans as well as environment.
Addressing user satisfaction in melody extraction

The aim of this master thesis is to carry out a perceptual evaluation of the melody extraction task. To do so, it has been conducted a survey in which 26 subjects have participated in order to test some hypotheses about how the different errors affect the perception of the melodies by the users. In view of the results it can be checked how different kind of errors have a different impact in the quality perceived by the users, in such a way that the result of the perceptual evaluation need not to be equal to the one achieved by the current evaluation metrics. Finally, this research shows that there is much scope for future work refining new evaluation metrics to better capture user preferences.
A Study on the Dimensions of Hypoglossal Canal in Southern Nigerian Crania.

The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull . It is the passageway for the hypoglossal nerves. This study was aimed at determining the incidence/dimensions of single and double hypoglossal canal, and if these varies with sex. 79 dry crania, out of which 55 were males and 24 females, were used for this study. A Digital Vernier caliper was used to carry out measurements on the internal and external diameters of both sides. The result indicates that there was a significant difference in the size of all the dimensions measured from the hypoglossal canal (P<0.05) between the male and female groups of this population. The variation is both unilaterally and bilaterally present, with bilateral single hypoglossal canal being more prevalent. In conclusion, the size of the hypoglossal canal is sex specific since there are significant differences. Keywords : Incidence, hypoglossal canal, sexes, Nigeria.
Some reproductive aspects of female bullet tuna, Auxis rochei (Risso), from the Turkish Mediterranean coasts

The study aims to investigate some reproductive properties of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) in Turkish waters. A total of 216 bullet tunas, 110 males (50.93%) and 106 females (49.07%), from the Turkish Mediterranean coasts were sampled monthly between December 2008 and December 2009. The sex ratio was 1:1.04. A total of 106 ovaries were obtained from the females, and these ovaries were histologically examined to determine the reproductive conditions and developmental stages of oocytes. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) values calculated for females indicated that spawning generally occurred between May and September. The most intensive spawning period was observed between June and August. A total of 40 females collected between May and September were sexually mature.
Skill Acquisition and Transfer : The Effect of Practice on Performance

This study was designed to examine the effect of amount of training on the specificity of skill acquisition and transfer. Within the theoretical framework of two contemporary theories of skill acquisition, Anderson's ACT" theory ( 1982, 1987), and Logan's Instance theory of automisation (1988, 1990), the study extends research by Greig and Speelman (in press) that demonstrated skills can be both geneml (i.e., can apply ! >:yond the training experience) and specific (i.e., are limited to training experiences). The experiment was divided into training and transfer phases. The amount of pmctice in the training phase was manipulated across three experimental conditions, with 14 participants in each condition. Participants were required to pmctice applying a small set of paired x and y values to a simple algebraic equation. The set of values for x and y was held constant during training, with a new set of 1values presented in the transfer phase. It was anticipated that training would result in improved performance, with those participants who received the greatest amount of training ultimately performing better on the training task. It was further anticipated these participants would demonstrate greater disruption on their initial performance on the transfer task, indicating greater specificity of skills to the items presented in the training phase. The results were similar to those reported by Greig and Speelman in that participants displayed evidence that both general and specific skill had been acquired. Furthermore, those participants who received the greatest amount of training also experienced the greatest amount of disruption in performance when presented with the transfer task. These results suggest that while the participants' skill was not totally specific to the items experienced in training, it was also not completely generalisable to different tasks. Results failed to differentiate between the three groups' performance in the transfer phase of the experiment as a function of the amount of praetice each group received during the training phase. Reasons for this lack of difference between the groups' performance on the transfer task are discussed in the context of future research implications. The findings of the study are discussed in relation to the ACT* theory and the Instance theory, with the conclusion that the results provide the greatest support for the ACT* theory. Author: Tracey Piani Supervisor Dr. Craig'Speelman Submitted: 301h October 1998 Practice and Performance iii
Preliminary Application of Superconductive Gravity Technique on the Investigation of Viscosity at Core‐Mantle Boundary

The retrograde rotational eigenmodes are produced by the interaction between solid mantle and liquid core in a rotating elliptical Earth, usually called free core nutation (FCN). The FCN quality factor (Q value), which depends on viscosity at the core-mantle boundary (CMB), can eectively reflect the characteristics of energy dissipation at the CMB. The viscosity of the CMB is estimated for the first time based on the FCN quality factor Q values determined from stacking 27 high-rate sampling and high-precision tidal gravity observations at 23 stations in the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network around the world. The numerical results show that the dynamic viscosity can reach the order of 10 3 Pa·s. It is in good agreement with the most recent values deduced from VLBI observations by Smylie and Palmer. This result indicates that gravity is one of ecient techniques for the investigation of the Earth deep internal structure.
Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood basalts and tomography

Abstract High-resolution uppermantle tomographic models are interpreted in terms of plate tectonics, hotspots and plume theories. Ridges correlate with very low velocity areas to a depth of 100 km, probably a result of passively induced upwelling and partial melting. Past positions of ridges also exhibit very low seismic velocities in the uppermantle. At depths greater than 100 km, some low velocity anomalies (LVA) may record past positions of migrating ridges. Buoyant upwellings induced by spreading do not track the migration of surface ridges; they lag behind. At depths greater than about 150 km many LVA (Atlantic and Indian oceans) are more closely related to hotspots, and past positions of ridges than to current ridge locations. In the upper 200 km of the mantle, back-arc and continental extension areas are generally slower than hotspot mantle, possibly reflecting partially molten and/or hydrous mantle. The Pacific ocean ridges tend to be LVA, and probably hot, to about 400 km depth. The surface locations of hotspots, ridges and continental basaltic magmatism seem to require a combination of hot uppermantle and suitable lithospheric conditions, presumably the existence of tensile stresses. The high-velocity regions of the upper 200 km of the mantle correlate with Archaean cratons. Below 300 km the regions of generally fast seismic velocity, and therefore cold mantle, correlate with regions probably underlain by ancient slabs, where the uppermantle may be cooled from below. A moving plate, overriding a hot region, and being put into tension, will behave as if it were being impacted from below by a giant plume head. At sublithospheric depths there are very large LVA (VLVA) in the Pacific and Indian oceans and in the North and South Atlantics. The large continental and oceanic flood basalt provinces seem to have formed over these large, presumably hot, regions. These VLVA do not appear to be plume heads nor is there any obvious damage to the lithosphere under the present locations of flood and plateau basalt provinces. The uppermantle does not appear to be isothermal; the LVA are not restricted to hotspot locations. We suggest that LVA are hotcells in the uppermantle which reflect, in part, the absence of subduction cooling. Plate tectonic induced rifting causes massive magmatism if the break occurs over hotcells, i.e. low-seismic velocity regions. Flood basalts (CFB) may result from the upwellings of already hot, even partially molten, mantle. In contrast to plume heads and plume tails, hotcells are robust features which are fixed relative to one another. They are most pronounced in parts of the mantle that have not been cooled by subduction. There is a close relationship between CFB initiation sites, LVA and ridges and, we believe, hotcells.
Optical Line Emission from z ∼ 6.8 Sources with Deep Constraints on Lyα Visibility

We analyze a sample of z-dropout galaxies in the CANDELS GOODS South and UDS fields that have been targeted by a dedicated spectroscopic campaign aimed at detecting their Lyα line. Deep IRAC observations at 3.6 and 4.5 μm are used to determine the strength of optical emission lines affecting these bands at z ∼ 6.5–6.9 in order to (1) investigate possible physical differences between Lyα emitting and non-emitting sources; (2) constrain the escape fraction of ionizing photons; and (3) provide an estimate of the specific star formation rate at high redshifts. We find evidence of strong [O iii]+Hβ emission in the average (stacked) SEDs of galaxies both with and without Lyα emission. The blue IRAC [3.6]–[4.5] color of the stack with detected Lyα line can be converted into a rest-frame equivalent width EW([O iii]+Hβ) = Å assuming a flat intrinsic stellar continuum. This strong optical line emission enables a first estimate of on the escape fraction of ionizing photons from Lyα detected objects. The objects with no Lyα line show less extreme EW([O iii]+Hβ) = Å, suggesting different physical conditions of the H ii regions with respect to Lyα-emitting ones, or a larger . The latter case is consistent with a combined evolution of and the neutral hydrogen fraction as an explanation of the lack of bright Lyα emission at z > 6. A lower limit on the specific star formation rate, SSFR > 9.1 Gyr−1 for galaxies at these redshifts can be derived from the spectroscopically confirmed sample.
Pension benefit default risk and welfare effects of funding regulation

This paper analyzes the welfare effects of funding regulation for defined benefit pension plans subject to pension benefit default risk in an incomplete financial markets OLG-setting with aggregate uncertainty and idiosyncratic pension default risk. The financial market incompleteness arises from the inability to trade human capital claims. Using numerical methods to solve for equilibrium, we show first that default-free defined benefit pension plans are welfare-improving even in a dynamically efficient economy. Second, we show that in the presence of default risk funding regulations improve aggregate welfare by making larger size plans more attractive and that full funding is not necessarily the optimal policy. Our results provide a rationale for the widespread underfunding of defined benefit pension plans and might explain the decline of these plans after the introduction of stringent funding regulation in the US
GENETIC AND MORPHOAGRONOMIC DIVERSITY OF Passiflora spp. BASED ON QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF FLOWERS AND FRUITS

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to characterize Passiflora spp. accessions and its genetic diversity based on quantitative morphological descriptors of flowers and fruits. The study was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF. Fifteen Passiflora spp. accessions were characterized using 14 quantitative morphological descriptors. Genetic distances among accessions were estimated based on Mahalanobis? generalized distance. Cluster analysis via dendrogram and graphic dispersion was analyzed. The relative contribution of characters for accession divergence was also calculated. The morphoagronomic characterization based on quantitative descriptors of flowers and fruits contributed to the differentiation of Passiflora spp. accessions, serving as an important tool for variability quantification. This information is useful to perform Passiflora spp. characterization and genetic diversity studies. RESUMO: Objetivou-se caracterizar acessos de Passiflora spp. e sua diversidade genetica baseada em descritores morfoagronomicos quantitativos de flores e frutos. O estudo foi realizado na EMBRAPA Cerrados, Planaltina-DF. Foram caracterizados 15 acessos de Passiflora spp. utilizando 14 descritores morfoagronomicos quantitativos. Distâncias geneticas entre os acessos foram estimadas com base na Distância de Mahalanobis. Analise de agrupamento via dendrograma e dispersao grafica via coordenadas principais foram analisadas. Foi calculada, tambem, a contribuicao relativa dos caracteres para divergencia genetica dos acessos analisados. A caracterizacao morfoagronomica baseada em descritores quantitativos de flores e frutos contribuiu para a diferenciacao fenotipica entre os acessos Passiflora spp. , servindo como importante instrumento para quantificar a variabilidade. Essa caracterizacao e importante para estudos mais completos de caracterizacao e diversidade genetica do genero Passiflora.
Formulation of Zero-Trans Crystalized Fats Produced from Palm Stearin and High Oleic Safflower Oil Blends

High intake of trans fat is associated with several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Fat blends, produced by direct blending process of palm stearin (PS) with high oleic safflower oil (HOSO) in different concentrations, were investigated. The effects of the PS addition (50, 70, or 90%) and the rate of agitation (RA) (1000, 2000, or 3000 rpm) on physical properties, fatty acid profile (FAP), trans fatty acids (TFA), crystal structure, and consistency were researched. The blend containing 50% of each sort of oil (50% PS/50% HOSO) showed that melting point and features were similar to the control shortening. The saturated fatty acids (SFA) were higher followed by monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Significant differences in the content of palmitic and oleic acids among blends were observed. The 50% PS/50% HOSO blend contained higher oleic acid (42.9%) whereas the 90% PS/10% HOSO was higher in palmitic acid (56.9%). The blending of PS/HOSO promoted the crystal polymorphic forms. The direct blending process of equal amounts of PS and HOSO was an adequate strategy to formulate a new zero-trans crystallized vegetable fats with characteristics similar to commercial counterparts with well-balanced fats rich in both omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids.