Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Re-Analysis of the Effects of KIPP and the Harlem Promise Academies

Background/Context Existing evaluations of the Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP) and the Harlem Children's Zone (HCZ) charter school programs suggest that these programs may potentially be very effective in closing the academic achievement gap. Purpose/Objective The purpose of the current study is to investigate the possibility of an internal contradiction in the assumptions underlying the KIPP and HCZ models that would prevent the models from being scaled up with the same positive results. Research Design The method involves: (1) review of the results of the key impact studies; (2) review of empirical evidence of high teacher attrition; (3) review of statements by the founders of the HCZ and KIPP models articulating the core assumption; (4) a narrative explanation of the internal contradiction in these models; and (5) a formal analysis demonstrating the consequences of this contradiction. Findings/Results The analysis suggests that gains from the KIPP and HCZ models would fall to zero once these programs are implemented in every school across the nation. The analysis suggests why existing impact results are likely due to artifacts stemming from high teacher attrition and hoarding of a disproportionate share of the nation's limited pool of highly dedicated teachers, rather than gains that could be sustained when the programs are scaled up and implemented nationwide. Conclusions/Recommendations The article recommends that national implementation of the KIPP and HCZ models should be delayed until research has been performed that would substantiate the assumption that there is a sufficient supply of highly dedicated teachers to fill the large number of vacant teaching positions that arise as a consequence of these models.
Initial Study on Small Debris Impact Risk Assessment during Orbit Transfer to GEO for All-Electric Satellite

This study has investigated the risk of small debris impacting a satellite during orbit transfer from geostationary transfer orbit to geostationary earth orbit. The risks during orbit transfer by conventional chemical propulsion are compared with those by electric propulsion. As orbit transfer by electric propulsion needs a few months, 180 days are assumed for the transfer. The impact frequencies of each component have been analyzed for a three-dimensional satellite model by using an impact risk assessment tool. The impact frequencies on the components become higher in line with a longer transfer duration. The risk estimated by single surface fluxes calculated by MASTER-2009 has been also evaluated. The estimation was found to have overestimated the risk.
The Ecosystem Factor in Supporting Wiki Initiative for Knowledge Sharing in Malaysian Public Organisation.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the significance of considering the organizational ecosystem in implementing wikis for knowledge sharing.The findings suggest that a prerequisite of an effective wiki is the appreciation of the factors that make up the organizational ecosystem; technical and organizational factors are variable elements of the ecosystem that can significantly impact the wiki; and the task of re-aligning an existing wiki taking into consideration these factors can be complex.The case study was based on knowledge sharing in a public project management organization, thereby limiting the generalizability to other organizations. Organizations which are keen to adopt wiki as part of their knowledge management initiative need to contextualize their wiki initiative within the organizational context.This research contributes to extending the knowledge-base of the factors that impact the effectiveness of wikis for knowledge sharing by linking the wiki to the broader organizational factors.
Iris: Deep Reinforcement Learning Driven Shared Spectrum Access Architecture for Indoor Neutral-Host Small Cells

We consider indoor mobile access, a vital use case for current and future mobile networks. For this key use case, we outline a vision that combines a neutral-host-based shared small-cell infrastructure with a common pool of spectrum for dynamic sharing as a way forward to proliferate indoor small-cell deployments and open up the mobile operator ecosystem. Toward this vision, we focus on the challenges pertaining to managing access to shared spectrum [e.g., 3.5-GHz U.S. Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) spectrum]. We propose Iris, a practical shared spectrum access architecture for indoor neutral-host small-cells. At the core of Iris is a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic pricing mechanism that efficiently mediates access to shared spectrum for diverse operators in a way that provides incentives for operators and the neutral-host alike. We then present the Iris system architecture that embeds this dynamic pricing mechanism alongside cloud-RAN and RAN slicing design principles in a practical neutral-host design tailored for the indoor small-cell environment. Using a prototype implementation of the Iris system, we present the extensive experimental evaluation results that not only offer insight into the Iris dynamic pricing process and its superiority over alternative approaches but also demonstrate its deployment feasibility.
Sediment and water characteristics of selected prawn farming sites at Co chin during premonsoon months

This paper deals with the studies on sediment and water characteristics of selected shrimp farming ponds located at Puthuvyppu and Valappu villages of Vypeen in the vicinity of Cochin carried out during premonsoon period (March-May 2001). Areawise distribution of sediment and water characteristics revealed that smaller and medium sized ponds were relatively more fertile than the larger sized ponds. Overall mean values of nutrients in sediment and water indicated that ponds at Puthuvyppu village (with high tidal influence) were relatively more fertile than those ponds at Valappu. TSS and primary productivity values also showed the same trend. Highly significant positive correlation was observed between clay and silt, organic carbon and available potassium, nitrite-N in sediment and water, salinity and TSS and water pH and dissolved oxygen.
Isochoric heating and strong blast wave formation driven by fast electrons in solid-density targets

We experimentally investigate the fast ( < 1 ps ) isochoric heating of multi-layer metallic foils and subsequent high-pressure hydrodynamics induced by energetic electrons driven by high-intensity, high-contrast laser pulses. The early-time temperature profile inside the target is measured from the streaked optical pyrometry of the target rear side. This is further characterized from benchmarked simulations of the laser-target interaction and the fast electron transport. Despite a modest laser energy ( < 1 J ), the early-time high pressures and associated gradients launch inwards a strong compression wave developing over ≳ 10 ps into a ≈ 140 Mbar blast wave, according to hydrodynamic simulations, consistent with our measurements. These experimental and numerical findings pave the way to a short-pulse-laser-based platform dedicated to high-energy-density physics studies.
The brown mussel Perna perna on the Natal coast, South Africa: utilization of available food and energy budget

The filtration rate of Perna perna (L.) at the approximate annual mean local water temperature (20 "C) is high, being 2.7 X I O ~ (shell length in mm)'-86 1 h-' or 8.85 (dry flesh weight in 1 h-'. It was found to be able to filter latex particles down to at least 0.46 pm in diameter, these being roughly the mean size of free coccoid bacteria in the study area. Its mean assimilation efficiency, determined by the Conover method, was 61 % on a natural diet of particles < 100 pm in diameter which had a mean organic content of 3.16 mg 1 ' . The faeces production rate was also established and an energy budget for P. perna is discussed in the light of available data.
TURBULENT FLOW ANALYSIS IN AUXILIARY CROSS-FLOW RUNNER OF A PROTO X-3 BIOENERGY MICRO GAS TURBINE USING RNG k-ε TURBULENCE MODEL

Simple and wide range application of cross-flow runner has lead its application to a Proto X-3 Bioenergy Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) that has been developed. The MGT is a dual-stage radial compressor-turbine type. Furthermore, highly turbulent flow inside the cross-flow fan need accurate analysis. CFD method with RNG k-e choosen based on models characteristics. This paper analyzed the flow inside the fan based on the experimental data of the MGT and the result represented by several parameters of turbulent flow. The simulation condition were assumed to be isothermal due to the small temperature difference with the tubulent Prandtl number Prt = 1. The result shows several specific vortex inside the runnner. Recirculation flow cthat caused the eccentric vortex occurs at the inner side while the throughflow occurs at the outerside of the fan. The mass flow rate conducted by CFD simulation shows a good agreement with the actual mass flow rate of the cross-flow runner. The results that presented by velocity magnitude, absolute pressure, eddy dissipation, and turbulence kinetic energy shows a realistic on each turbulent parameter based on they trends. This results shows that the method used is prospective to be applied both on analysis or design of the cross-flow runner.
A study of ultrasonographic transcerebellar diameter in assessment of fetal gestational age

Background: Accurate assessment of gestational age is of paramount importance for the clinician to impart holistic antenatal care and is also essential prerequisite to plan the various clinical tests and interventions. Ultrasound (USG) morphometric measurements of fetal parts have been used to assess gestational age of the fetus with improved accuracy. The present study aims at comparing the ultrasonographic measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) with other previously established fetal ultrasound biometric parameters, to study its role in patients of suspected intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and to study ultrasonographic appearance of fetal cerebellum with advancing gestational age.Methods: A total of 153 pregnant women who were referred for antenatal ultrasound examination were divided into two groups-Group I had 137 healthy pregnant women with normal fetuses between 14-40 weeks of gestation and Group II had 16 patients suspected to have IUGR clinically.Results: In group I, there was a curvilinear relationship between TCD and BPD, TCD and HC, TCD and AC and TCD and FL with correlation coefficients being 0.9810, 0.9181, 0.9649 and 0.9513 respectively. In group II, TCD correlated with gestational age predicted by last menstrual period. The remaining biometric parameters in group-II predicted a fetus of much earlier grade. The study findings also suggested a gradual and steady change in ultrasonographic appearances of cerebellum with advancing gestation.Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of TCD shows excellent correlation with advancing gestational age and with other previously established biometric parameters. TCD can serve as an independent and reliable indicator of gestational age and a standard against which aberrations in fetal growth may be compared.
RARE-DISASTERS , THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM , OVERSAVING , AND ASSET PRICING

Rare disasters become increasingly important for understanding asset pricing, and the spirit of capitalism has been successful in explaining various issues in economic growth, savings behavior, and asset pricing. However, pervious studies don’t reveal the connection of these two ideas. This paper tries to fill the gap in the literature and demonstrates the similarities in consumption decision making and savings behavior implied by models of rare disasters and spirit of capitalism, and analyzes interesting implications of this connection in asset pricing.
A Study of LES Models for the Simulation of a Turbulent Flow Around a Truss Spar Geometry

A new generation of LES type model is used to simulate the flow around a Spar geometry. This new method involves a Variational Multiscale formulation, allowing better capture of the back scatter. This approach is well suited for flows where small scales transmit a notable amount of energy to larger ones. The flow simulation is compared with experimental data from a model test.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Differential form representation of stochastic electromagnetic fields

Abstract. In this work, we revisit the theory of stochastic electromagnetic fields using exterior differential forms. We present a short overview as well as a brief introduction to the application of differential forms in electromagnetic theory. Within the framework of exterior calculus we derive equations for the second order moments, describing stochastic electromagnetic fields. Since the resulting objects are continuous quantities in space, a discretization scheme based on the Method of Moments (MoM) is introduced for numerical treatment. The MoM is applied in such a way, that the notation of exterior calculus is maintained while we still arrive at the same set of algebraic equations as obtained for the case of formulating the theory using the traditional notation of vector calculus. We conclude with an analytic calculation of the radiated electric field of two Hertzian dipole, excited by uncorrelated random currents.
Teacher Policies, Incentives, and Labor Markets in Chile, Colombia, and Perú: Implications for Equality

This paper contributes to the teacher sorting literature by analyzing equity in the distribution of teachers in three educational systems in Latin America, with different equalization policies, teacher assignment rules, and incentives to work in disadvantaged schools: Chile, Colombia, and Peru. We use unique micro-data at the teacher and school level to describe the distribution of teachers across the three systems. Two main conclusions emerge from our results. First, we find that differences in the sources of funding and teacher salaries legislation can affect the equity in teacher allocation between administrative units. Second, we find substantial teacher sorting across schools (vertical inequities) in the three systems. Overall, the comparison of the three countries confirms that, after controlling for confounding variables, disadvantaged students, particularly those in rural areas, are more likely to attend schools with teachers who are less qualified (temporary and inexperienced) and paid less. One of the most consistent findings in this analysis are the vertical inequities across the three measures in Colombia. In contrast, in Chile, the three measures have an inconsistent and weak relationship with mother’s level of schooling and a moderate relationship with the geographic location of the school (rural). While our analyses are descriptive and do not attempt to identify the underlying causes of these patterns, we suggest that these differences are related to the salary structure and hiring policies in the three countries. We discuss some policy alternatives to increase equity, including the introduction of monetary and non-monetary incentives to attract teachers to hard-to-staff schools, improving the working conditions and modifications in the teacher hiring and assignment process.
Conceptos en ichnotaxonomía ilustrados por perforaciones pequeñas y redondas sobre conchas = Concepts in ichnotaxonomy illustrated by small round holes in shells

La clasificacion de las pistas fosiles requiere un doble sistema de nomenclatura. El nombre de la pista fosil (ichnotaxon) esta basado en la morfologia de la estructura, mientras que el taxon biologico representa la posicion filogenetica que se interpreta del organismo causante. Los dos sistemas de nomenclatura no se pueden intercambiar, y ambos son necesarios para la completa clasificacion de la pista. A muchas de estas pistas no les ha sido aun atribuido unichnotaxon descriptivo, pero ya que las pistas fosiles re quieren nombres si han de ser tratadas sistematicamente, se ofrece comunmente en tales casos un biotaxon interpretativo en lugar del ichnotaxon que no se ha descritotodavia Este procedimiento tiende a desviar la atencion de la verdadera naturaleza de la pista fosil e implica una falsa exactitud en la determinacion filogenetica, lo cual conduce a conclusiones paleobiologicas poco seguras. Estos puntos quedan bien ilustrados por el ejemplo de unas perforaciones pequeiias y redondas sobre conchas. Son pistas fosiles abundantes y, no teniendo ichnotaxon, tienden a ser relacionadas con la accion perforante de los gasteropedos-naticidos y muricidos-sobre conchas. Sin embargo, varios grupos mas de gasteropodos producen perforaciones redondas, al igual que los cefalopodos octopodos, turbelarios, nematodos y braquiopodos articulados, pero su accion es poco conocida. Antes de embarcarse en tales especulaciones, como son los organismos causantes, es necesario un ichnotaxon para atraer la atencion hacia estas pistas fosiles y aumentarel rigorde su tratamiento. Solo cuando su morfologia y distribucion sean mejor conocidas estaremos en una posicion mejor para discutir sus atribuciones filogeneticas.
Brief Implicit Association Test: Validity and utility in prediction of voting behavior

We employed the Brief Implicit Association Test (a recently developed short version of IAT) to measure implicit political attitudes toward four political parties running for Serbian parliament. To test its criterion validity, we measured voting intention and actual voting behavior. In addition, we introduced political involvement as a potential moderator of the BIAT’s predictive and incremental validity. The BIAT demonstrated good internal and predictive validity, but lacked incremental validity over self-report measures. Predictive power of the BIAT was moderated by political involvement - the BIAT scores were stronger predictors of voting intention and behavior among voters highly involved in politics. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179018]
Multiple Evaluation Options & Comparability: Equity Investments in Italy and Spain

The harmonization among the European financial statements based on International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) became an urgent issue when the European Union issued the Regulation (EC) no 1606/2002 which required all listed companies to prepare consolidated accounts in accordance with International Accounting Standards beginning in 2005. The enforcement of the same set of accounting standards does not necessarily lead to comparability if we intend it as a harmonization of the accounting practices. As a matter of fact, European companies could still choose divergent accounting behaviors because IAS/IFRS offer multiple options for the evaluation of the same items, or because the accounting practices of those firms do not comply with the standards. The objective of this paper is to investigate if the level of comparability in consolidated financial reporting practices – as a result of de facto harmonization – has increased after the mandatory introduction of IAS/IFRS. To provide some evidence, the case studies of Italy and Spain have been elected since they are both Code law countries. First of all we test the level of de facto harmonization related to the accounting choices made by 129 Italian and 54 Spanish listed groups, from 2004 to 2009, that is pre and post IAS/IFRS application, in order to verify if the comparability between countries in policy choices, as measured by van der Tas C index, has changed after the application of IAS/IFRS, from the point of view of the users of the financial statements. Starting from the assumption that the de facto harmonization of the accounting practices increases the comparability among firms and among countries, the current study contributes to the literature by exploring the following main research question: Do harmonized accounting standards lead to comparable accounting practices, even when multiple evaluation options are provided? More precisely, comparability has been measured referring to the items of equity investments in subsidiaries, in associates, in joint ventures, and in other equity interests, since the participation item is an excellent setting for this kind of investigation. First results seem to reveal that we are still quite far from the expected and desired comparability. These findings could be helpful for the decisions of institutional regulatory bodies.
The Pecking Order Theory: Evidence from Listed Firms in Nigeria

Pecking order theory of capital structure demonstrates how managers could reduce inefficiency in the presence of information asymmetry in the source of finance. This study aims at a critical evaluation of the relevance of pecking order theory to firms, using the panel data of the listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study adopt the fixed effect model for the determination of the target capital structure and the decision is based on the result of the Hausman test. The study applies the Vector error correction model to establish causality between the variables. The outcome indicates that the capital structure of Nigerian firms is positively related to asset structure while it is negatively related to profitability and liquidity. The study also shows that there is a causal relationship ranging from profitability and liquidity to the capital structure.
Improving achievements of pupils with learning and behavior problems with co-operative teaching strategy in Aboh, Delta State, Nigeria

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of cooperative teaching on children with learning and behavioral problems. Determining the most effective intervention for children with learning and behavioral problems has continued to challenge educators. For this the study sought to find out how co-operative teaching will improve the achievements of pupils with learning and behavior problems in Aboh, Delta State, Nigeria. A research question and a hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance was used to guide the study. The research design was true experimental. Two groups of children were used for the study . The sample consisted of 64 primaries four and five pupils . From the study, it was found out that Experimental Group had higher mean of 76.06 against Control Group with mean of 53.84 and standard deviation of 19.2. The hypothesis was tested using t-test and showed that the performance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. It is therefore recommended that this strategy should be included in the school curriculum for children with learning and behavior problems.