Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on the electrical activity of the brain in a rat model Rat modelinde tipik ve atipik antipsikotik ilaçlarin beyin elektriksel aktivitesi üzerine etkileri

Objective: Antipsychotic drugs are known to have strong effect on the bioelectric activity in the brain. However, some studies addressing the changes on electroencephalography (EEG) caused by typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs are conflicting. We aimed to compare the ef fects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on the electrical activity in the brain via EEG recordings in a rat model. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague Dawley adult male rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into five groups, randomly (n=7, for each group). The first group was used as control group and administered 1 ml/kg saline intraperitoneally (IP). Haloperidol (1 mg/kg) (group 2), chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg) (group 3), olanzapine (1 mg/kg) (group 4), ziprasidone (1 mg/ kg) (group 5) were injected IP for five consecutive days. Then, EEG recordings of each group were taken for 30 minutes. Results: The percentages of delta and theta waves in haloperidol, chlorpromazine, olanzapine and ziprasidone groups were found to have a highly significant difference compared with the saline administration group (p<0.001). The theta waves in the olanzapine and ziprasidone groups were increased compared with haloperidol and chlorpromazine groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs may be risk factor for EEG abnormalities. This study shows that antipsychotic drugs should be used with caution. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (3): 279-284
Multicomponent and High-Pressure Effects on Droplet Vaporization

This paper deals with the multicomponent nature of gas turbine fuels under high-pressure conditions. The study is motivated by the consideration that the droplet submodels that are currently employed in spray codes for predicting gas turbine combustor flows do not adequately incorporate the multicomponent fuel and high-pressure effects. The quasi-steady multicomponent droplet model has been employed to investigate conditions under which the vaporization behavior of a multicomponent fuel droplet can be represented by a surrogate pure fuel droplet. The physical system considered is that of a multicomponent fuel droplet undergoing quasi-steady vaporization in an environment characterized by its temperature, pressure, and composition. Using different vaporization models, such as infinite-diffusion and diffusion-limit models, the predicted vaporization history and other relevant properties of a bicomponent droplet are compared with those of a surrogate single-component fuel droplet over a range of parameters relevant to gas turbine combustors. Results indicate that for moderate and high-power operation, a suitably selected single-component (50 percent boiling point) fuel can be used to represent the vaporization behavior of a bicomponent fuel, provided one employs the diffusion-limit or effective-diffusivity model. Simulation of the bicomponent fuel by a surrogate fuel becomes increasingly better at higher pressures. In fact, the droplet vaporization behavior at higher pressures is observed to be more sensitive to droplet heating models rather than to liquid fuel composition. This can be attributed to increase in the droplet heatup time and reduction in the volatility differential between the constituent fuels at higher pressures. For ignition, lean blowout and idle operations, characterized by low pressure and temperature ambient, the multicomponent fuel evaporation cannot be simulated by a single-component fuel. The validity of a quasi-steady high-pressure droplet vaporization model has also been examined. The model includes the nonideal gas behavior, liquid-phase solubility of gases, and variable thermo-transport properties including their dependence on pressure. Predictions of the high-pressure droplet model show good agreement with the available experimental data over a wide range of pressures, implying that quasi-steady vaporization model can be used at pressures up to the fuel critical pressure.
Open-source testbed for Body Area Networks: 200 sample/sec, 12 hrs continuous measurement

We present the design criteria and specifications of a novel Open-Source hardware channel sounder and Open-Source data sets for measurements of the Body Area Channel at the 2400MHz ISM band and 2360MHz band. We outline a need for open hardware and measurement data to facilitate robust standardization of the new Body Area Networks. We demonstrate typical analyses on a public data set, with reference to previous works, and show how complex network topologies may be simulated through simple real measurements using reciprocity.
Isometric contractions of motor units and immunohistochemistry of mouse soleus muscle.

1. Isometric contractions of motor units, isolated functionally by ventral root splitting in vivo, were recorded from mouse soleus muscle. 2. Motor unit tensions varied over a narrow symmetrical range and averaged 4.7% of whole muscle tension, corresponding to twenty‐one motor units per muscle. 3. There was considerable variation between muscles in isometric twitch times‐to‐peak and even greater variation for the motor units. The distribution of motor unit times‐to‐peak was apparently unimodal and could be fitted by a single normal population. A slightly better fit was, however, obtained with two normal populations, as suggested by the histochemistry. 4. Twitch time‐to‐peak decreased in proportion to axonal conduction velocity in individual animals. The whole population of motor units could be fitted by a linear relation between time‐to‐peak and the reciprocal of conduction time in the motor axon. Motor unit tension was also linearly related to the reciprocal of conduction time. 5. Histochemistry showed clear division between Type I and Type IIa fibres. Type I fibres reacted strongly with antibody against slow myosin of cat soleus muscle; Type IIa gave a reaction no stronger than the background. The division was as clear as in the cat or rat.
KERNEL BASED SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION IN A SIDE-SCAN SONAR SIMULATION FRAMEWORK

In this paper we present an existing framework for surface reconstruction from side-scan data based on a forward simulation stage and an estimation stage which considers vehicular ego-motion. It is discussed how an extension of the method using a kernelized surface representation could look like and discuss approaches from literature like a Bayesian formulation in a Markov Random Field structure.
Control of IL-6 expression and response in fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology in which aberrant fibroblast function results in fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. A distinguishing feature of dermal fibroblasts cultured from SSc lesions is that they produce constitutively, i.e., without exogenous stimulation, as much as 30-fold more interleukin-6 (IL-6) than do normal fibroblasts. The present study indicates that the mechanism of constitutive IL-6 secretion involves the accumulation of IL-6 mRNA in affected SSc fibroblasts, mediated by the constitutive binding of nuclear factors to the IL-6 promoter. DNA-protein complexes formed using nuclear extracts of constitutively expressing cells are distinct from those using extracts of normal cells, with or without exogenous stimulation of IL-6; thus, the mechanisms which regulate constitutive and inducible IL-6 gene expression are apparently distinct. The data also demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts respond very rapidly to IL-6 by increasing expression of the IL-6 gene, thus suggesting a mechanism for the establishment and/or persistence of constitutive expression. The constitutive secretion of IL-6 may play an important role in the perpetuation of the local immune dysregulation and fibroblast activation in the SSc lesion.
A plasma microRNA panel for early detection of colorectal cancer

Colonoscopy remains the standard screening method for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) at an early stage. However, many people avoid having a colonoscopy because of the fear for its potential complications. Our study aimed to identify plasma microRNAs for preliminarily screening CRC in general population, so that some unnecessary colonoscopies can be avoided. We investigated plasma microRNA expression in three independent cohorts including the discovery (n = 80), training (n = 112), and validation (n = 49) phases recruited at two medical centers. Microarrays were used for screening 723 microRNAs in 80 plasma samples to identify candidate microRNAs. Quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR was performed on the 161 training and validation plasma samples to evaluate the candidate microRNAs discovered from microarrays. A logistic regression model was constructed based on the training cohort and then verified by using the validation dataset. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. We identified a panel of miR‐409‐3p, miR‐7, and miR‐93 that yielded high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating CRC from healthy group (AUC: 0.866 and 0.897 for training and validation dataset, respectively). Moreover, the diagnostic performance of the microRNA panel persisted in nonmetastasis CRC stages (Dukes' A‐B, AUC: 0.809 and 0.892 for training and validation dataset, respectively) and in metastasis CRC stages (Dukes' C‐D, AUC: 0.917 and 0.865 for training and validation dataset, respectively). In conclusion, our study reveals a plasma microRNA panel that has potential clinical value in early CRC detection and would play a critical role on preliminarily screening CRC in general population.
Ion fluxes across the pulmonary epithelium and the secretion of lung liquid in the foetal lamb

1. Experiments were done on exteriorized foetal lambs of 123–144 days gestation to measure bidirectional ion fluxes through the pulmonary epithelium and to compare them with those predicted from the sum of the measured forces determining passive flux according to the Ussing flux‐ratio equation. Fluxes of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cl−, Br− and I− were measured and permeability constants obtained by following concentrations of their labelled isotopes in lung liquid and plasma after injection into either. Activity ratios were obtained from chemical measurements or tracer distributions, electrical potential differences by placing KCl‐agar bridges, connected to calomel half‐cells, in blood and lung liquid. Lung liquid volume and secretion rate were measured by adding an impermeant tracer (inulin or [125I]albumin) to lung liquid.
THE 2006 OUTBURST OF THE MAGNETAR CXOU J164710.2 − 455216

We report on data obtained with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, and Swift X-ray observatories, following the 2006 outburst of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar CXOU J164710.2−455216. Using a more complete and higher signal-to-noise data set, we find no evidence for the very large glitch and rapid exponential decay as was reported previously for this source. We set a 3σ upper limit on any fractional frequency increase at the time of the outburst of Δν/ν < 1.5 × 10−5. Our timing analysis, based on the longest time baseline yet, yields a spin-down rate for the pulsar that implies a surface dipolar magnetic field of ∼9 × 1013 G, although this could be biased high by possible recovery from an undetected glitch. We also present an analysis of the source flux and spectral evolution, and find no evidence for long-term spectral relaxation post-outburst as was previously reported.
Predictors of Failure of Catheter Salvage in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Purpose Catheter-related bloodstream infection is a frequent complication for patients who use catheter as dialysis access. This study was performed to identify the risk factors for failed catheter salvage. Methods We enrolled patients who received non-tunneled catheters as initial vascular access during a two-year period. Catheter salvage was attempted in all symptomatically mild patients. Patients were prospectively followed for 8 weeks starting from the day of infection. Risk factors for salvage failure were explored. Results A total of 77 bacteremia episodes occurred in 69 patient, with an infection rate of 1.61 per 1,000 catheter days. Salvage was successful in 73.4% of all episodes. We found that higher ferritin levels (greater vs. lower than 500 mg/l, (odds ratio (OR) 6.388, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.073, 19.686), higher phosphate levels (greater vs. lower than 5.5 mg/dl, OR 4.084, 95% CI 1.391, 11.978) and shorter time intervals between catheterization and infection (within vs. beyond 3 weeks, OR 4.190, 95% CI 1.279, 13.725) predicted salvage failure. Conclusions Catheter salvage can be a reasonable initial strategy for symptomatically mild patients. We propose salvaging aggressively and waiting watchfully; however, clinical judgment is prior to any specific management protocol.
Similar effects of substance P and related peptides on salivation and on phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat salivary glands.

The effects of substance P and related peptides on salivation in vivo and on the incorporation of 3H-inositol into rat salivary gland lipids in vitro were compared. Physalaemin was the most active peptide tested on both responses. Substance P was less potent, but was three- to sixfold more potent than peptides consisting of the C-terminal 6-10 residues of substance P. Both the C-terminal pentapeptide and the C-terminal deamidated substance P showed a dramatic reduction of potency in both assays. Substance P receptors exist in all three rat salivary glands, and a stimulation of 3H-inositol incorporation was also observed in all three glands. The close correlation between the relative activities of the different substance P-related peptides in evoking salivation and 3H-inositol incorporation strongly indicates that the same population of substance P receptors is involved in each of these two responses and is consistent with the idea that phosphatidylinositol breakdown may be a reaction involved in stimulus-response coupling at the substance P receptors of salivary glands. The incorporation of 3H-inositol into parotid gland lipids could profitably be adopted as a simple and sensitive biochemical procedure for screening the biological activity of potential agonists and antagonists at substance P receptors.
Prototype anionic detergent technique used to decellularize allograft valve conduits evaluated in the right ventricular outflow tract in sheep.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Biodegradable polymeric materials or extracellular matrix scaffolds are used in tissue-engineered heart valve designs, with the expectation of replicating the anatomic, histological and biomechanical characteristics of semi-lunar valves. The study aim was to evaluate the extent of in-vivo recellularization and the explant pathology findings of a prototype anionic, non-denaturing detergent and endonuclease technique used to decellularize allograft (homograft) valve conduits implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) of sheep, and to identify possible risks associated with tissue-engineered heart valve conduits based on decellularized allograft semilunar valve scaffolds. METHODS Valve conduits were decellularized using a solution of N-lauroylsarcosinate and endonucleases, rinsed in lactated Ringers solution, and stored in an antibiotic solution at 4 degrees C until implanted. Explanted valves and unimplanted controls were examined macroscopically, radiographically (for calcification) and histologically using immunohistochemistry (IHC), routine and special histological stains, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polarized light microscopy (evaluation of collagen crimp). RESULTS Cells and cellular remnants were uniformly absent in the decellularized cusps, but occasional focal sites of arterial wall smooth muscle cells and to a greater extent subvalvular cardiac myocytes were variably retained. The trilaminar histological structure of the cusp was preserved. Valve conduit-related pathology consisted of intracuspal hematoma formation, collagen fraying, thinning of the conduit wall, and inflammatory cells associated with cardiac myocyte remnants. Cuspal calcification was not seen, but elastic fibers in the conduit wall and retained subvalvular cardiac myocyte remnants were liable to calcification. Fibrous sheath formation was present on the luminal surface of the conduit and extended over the cuspal surfaces to a variable extent. Myofibroblast-like cells repopulated the conduit wall and the basal region of the cusp. Re-endothelialization was variably present on the cuspal surfaces. CONCLUSION Explant pathology findings showed that in-vivo recellularization occurred, but was focally limited to regions of the arterial wall and cusp base. Safety concerns related to detergent and endonuclease use were identified. Methods to eliminate the potential for structural deterioration and enhance the rate and extent of recellularization of valve conduit tissue are required. Pathology findings showed implantation of valve conduits in the RVOT of juvenile sheep for 20 weeks to be a reliable animal model for the initial in-vivo assessment of decellularized valves. A 20-week period may be insufficient however to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of a tissue-engineered valve conduit, as these depend on effective and phenotypically appropriate recellularization accompanied by sustained cell viability and function.
Where errors occur in the preparation and administration of intravenous medicines: a systematic review and Bayesian analysis

Objective To investigate the overall probability of error in preparing and administering intravenous medicines; to identify at which stage of the process an error is most likely to occur; and to determine the impact of error correction on the error probability. Design Systematic review and random-effects Bayesian conditional independence modelling. Methods Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies on intravenous medicines. The error rates of each stage were extracted. These, expert estimates, and error rates from generic tasks, were used in a Bayesian conditional independence model to find error ‘hot-spots. ’ The main outcome measure was the probability of at least one error occurring during intravenous therapy. Results Nine published studies were identified for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall probability of making at least one error in intravenous therapy was 0.73 (95% credible interval (CrI) 0.54 to 0.90). If error-checking was introduced at each stage of the process, the overall rate fell to 0.22 (95% CrI 0.14 to 0.31). Errors were most likely in the reconstitution step. Removing the reconstitution step by providing preprepared injections would reduce the overall error rate to 0.17 (95% CrI 0.09 to 0.27). Conclusions Intravenous therapy is complex and error-prone. Error-checking at each stage could reduce the error probability. The use of preprepared injections may help by eliminating errors in the reconstitution of drug and diluent. However, it will be important to ensure that benefits are not outweighed by practical disadvantages such as an increase in selection errors.
Rhombohedral In2O3 thin films preparation from in metal film using Oxygen plasma

Rhombohedral (rh-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films were synthesized by Oxygen plasma process of RF sputtered In metal film. The formation of (110) oriented rh-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was confirmed by XRD analysis and well matched with JCPDS File no. 73-1809. The effect of process parameters on the growth of rh-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin film and their optical properties was studied. The observed band gap was in between 2.45 and 2.92 eV. High process power and high gas flow rate affect the growth of rh-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and its band gap considerably. FTIR spectra analysis was performed to confirm the synthesis of rh-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> processed by O<sub>2</sub> plasma. The elemental composition of processed films was studied by EDAX spectra.
Introgression of stay-green trait into a Kenyan farmer prefered sorghum variety

Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait from a Genetic Improvement of Kenyan sorghum variety for drought resistance donor parent, into the favoured genetic background of a recurrent parent. This study utilised back-cross breeding to transfer stay green quantitative trait locus (QTLs) from the donor parental line E36-1 into a Kenyan farmer-preferred variety, Ochuti as the recurrent parental line. The parental lines E36-1 has 3 stay green QTLs, SBI-01, SBI-07 and SBI-10 located at various chromosomes. The transfer of these QTLs was confirmed with the help of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) molecular markers. Five foreground markers that were polymorphic among the two parental genotypes were used to identify individuals of F1 generation that had stay green QTLs transferred into Ochuti. A maximum of two QTLs, namely, SBI-07 and SBI-10 were identified as having been transferred into three individual genotypes. Two other F1 genotypes had only one QTL (SBI-10) transferred into Ochuti. The heterozygous F1 genotypes were used as the female parents in the generation of BC1F1. About 25% of the BC1F1 progenies that were genotyped had at least One QTL introgressed. As is the case in all marker-assisted back-cross breeding, the rate of success in introgressing QTL from donor to recurrent parental lines depends on the number of plants screened.
Enhanced Tanshinone Production in Hairy Roots of "Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge" Under the Influence of Plant Growth Regulators in Liquid Culture

Tanshinone constituents are the most potent diterpene diketones used to treat several diseases. We studied the influence of different plant growth regulators (PGR) on the growth and production of three tanshinone constituents using hairy root culture of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Leaves of the medicinally-important plant S. miltiorrhiza were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain BCRC15010, which induced hairy roots in 78% of the explants. The best line of hairy roots was established on B5 liquid medium under dark conditions. The transformed nature of the root lines was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using ”rol” B and C gene-specific primers. Adding different PGRs i.e., auxins, cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA), enhanced the production of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and IIA. Tanshinone I and cryptotanshinone accumulationwas 5- and 7.5-fold higher with the addition of 1.0 mg/l ABA and TDZ, respectively, compared toroot of greenhouse-grown plant. Cryptotanshinone content was 6.3-, 5.0- and 3.75-fold higher in hairy roots grown under the influence of TDZ, ABA and BA, respectively, compared to a commercial herb. The devisedprotocol can be used to enhance tanshinone production.
FLUKA Calculation of the Neutron Albedo Encountered at Low Earth Orbits

This paper presents Monte-Carlo simulations based on the Fluka code aiming to calculate the contribution of the neutron albedo at a given date and altitude above the Earth chosen by the user. The main input parameters of our model are the solar modulation affecting the spectra of cosmic rays, and the date of the Earth's geomagnetic field. The results consist in a two-parameter distribution, the neutron energy and the angle to the tangent plane of the sphere containing the orbit of interest, and are provided by geographical position above the Earth at the chosen altitude. This model can be used to predict the temporal variation of the neutron flux encountered along the orbit, and thus constrain the determination of the instrumental background noise of space experiments in low earth orbit.