Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFRP sheets bonded to natural stone: interfacial phenomena

The effectiveness of the reinforcing technique consisting of fiber reinforced polymer sheets bonded to the structural elements depends on a good connection at the joint. This has to be able to ensure the transfer length of the shear stress in order to avoid a premature failure due to debonding. In this paper, the bond phenomenon at the interface is examined with reference to the calcarenite stone and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets in order to evaluate the possibility of utilizing this technique on masonry structural members, consisting of calcarenite ashlars and mortar. An experimental investigation is carried out on nine specimens obtained by applying unidirectional CFRP sheets to calcarenite squared-stone by using epoxy resin layers. All specimens were submitted to tensile force until the failure of the bond joint took place. Results allow us to deduce the local bond stress versus slip relationship, which is an important step toward understanding bond behavior at the joint interface.
Salt affected soils of Upper Krishna Command, Karllataka. I. Physical and chemical characteristics

An investigation was carried out to characterize the salt affected Vertisols of Upper Krishna Command, Karnataka. Soils were neutral to strongly alkaline in reaction (pH - 7.5 to 9.1). Calcium and magnesium are the major contributing exchangeable cations followed by sodium. CEC was found to be higher (32.2 to 59.2cmol (p+) kg-I. Electrical conductivity decreased down the profile depth and, in the soil water extract, sodium dominated the cationic composition followed closely by the combined concentration ofCa and Mg. Salinity was of chloride- sulphate type. Seven Vertisol profiles investigated were sodie. The analytical results point towards the possibility of further sodification in these soils.
Variability and nutritive compounds of guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit plant. The study was conducted at three different altitudes in guava production center of Indonesia. The objectives of this research are to obtain information about the production and quality of guava at three locations by using manure applications. The study was conducted to guava plants at the age of 4 yr (first production). The study was designed according to the factorial design of 3 × 2 with 5 times replications. The first factor is the locations, which are the location-I (Pageruyung), location-II(Sukorejo) and location- III (Plantungan). The second factor is the provision of organic material of manure; without and with manure (2.5 t · ha–1). The data collected is the guava production (total production for four months tree), diameter, weight, flesh thickness, seeds weight, fruit acid content and sugar content. Result of research showed (1.) the interaction between the location and the addition of manure in the cultivation of guava increased its fruit production, weight, and the sugar content, (2.) the research locations have elevation and soil chemical content varies in fruit diameter, seeds weight, and fruit acid content, (3.) manure significantly increased fruit production, weight, diameter, flesh thickness and sugar content, but it did not increase seeds weight and it reduced the fruit acid content.
R esearch A rticle CAREER DECISION - MAKING DIFFUCULTIES IN TURKEY AND THE USA

This study aims to compare high - school students in Turkey and the U.S., in terms of career - decision making difficulties. The research group consists of a total of 576 students, including 296 high - school students in the U.S, and 280 high - school students in Turkey. The data of the research were collected by the “Career Decision - Making Difficulties Questionnaire” (CDDQ). The career decision - making difficulties are composed of three sub - scales, including lack of readiness, lack of information and inconsistent information. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate whether the sub - scale scores for career decision - making difficulties experienced by high - school stude nts in the U.S. and Turkey differ depending on an individual’s gender and class. It was found that there are significant differences in gender and class variables in the career decision - making difficulties experienced by high - school students in Turkey and the U.S. The findings of the research were compared using the data collected.
Ethosomes: An Exciting and Promising Alcoholic Carrier System for Treating Androgenic Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (male-pattern hair loss) is characterized by the deposition of dihy- drotestosterone at the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp. Oral administration of drugs (like finasteride) which can reverse androgenic alopecia causes undesired effects to the body. Targeting these drugs directly to the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp will enhance the pharmacological response at the desired site by reducing undesired systemic side effects. This chapter discusses about ethosomes, a specially tailored ethanolic vesicular carriers which can efficiently deliver various drugs with different physicochemical properties to and through the skin. The unique characteristics of the ethosomal carriers, their composition, preparation methods, and the mechanism of permeation, safety, and practical expe- rience (finasteride and herbal extracts) have been discussed in detail.
The Relationship between Pre-Service Teachers' Lifelong Learning Tendencies and Teaching Profession Anxiety Levels.

The present study aims to examine the relationship between pre-service teachers' the lifelong learning tendencies and teaching profession anxiety levels with respect to certain variables (their gender and subject area) and is designed as a survey study. The fourth year pre-service teachers (n= 455) in the spring semester of the 2015 - 2016 academic year at Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu-Turkey formed the study group. In the study, Lifelong Learning Tendencies Scale by Coskun [9] and Teacher Candidate Anxiety Scale by Saban, Korkmaz and Akbasli [27] were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed through using the SSPS for Windows 20 Program and for the analysis of the data, the mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, an independent samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA and LSD tests were used and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient scores were calculated. The findings of the study indicated a significant, positive and low level of relationship between pre-service teachers' lifelong learning tendencies and teaching profession anxiety levels. Significant gender differences were found in favor of male pre-service teachers when lifelong learning tendencies of pre-service teachers are concerned. Also, significant gender differences were found in favor of in favor of female pre-service teachers when their perceptions about their teaching profession anxiety levels are concerned. When pre-service teachers' subject – areas are focus of attention, significant differences were observed in favor of the perceptions of science teaching pre-service teachers when their perceptions about their lifelong learning tendencies and teaching profession anxieties are observed.
A Concentration Rebound Method for Measuring Particle Penetration and Deposition in the Indoor Environment

Continuous, size resolved particle measurements were performed in two houses in order to determine size-dependent particle penetration into and deposition in the indoor environment. The experiments consisted of three parts: (1) measurement of the particle loss rate following artificial elevation of indoor particle concentrations, (2) rapid reduction in particle concentration through induced ventilation by pressurization of the houses with HEPA-filtered air, and (3) measurement of the particle concentration rebound after house pressurization stopped. During the particle concentration decay period, when indoor concentrations are very high, losses due to deposition are large compared to gains due to particle infiltration. During the concentration rebound period, the opposite is true. The large variation in indoor concentration allows the effects of penetration and deposition losses to be separated by the transient, two-parameter model we employed to analyze the data. For the two houses studied, we found that as particles increased in diameter from 0.1 to 10 w m, penetration factors ranged from ∼1 to 0.3 and deposition loss rates ranged from 0.1 and 5 h m 1 . The decline in penetration factor with increasing particle size was less pronounced in the house with the larger normalized leakage area.
Alternative reproductive strategies in the white-throated sparrow: behavioral and genetic evidence

Organisms exhibiting genetic polymorphism often also exhibit true alternative life-history strategies in which behavioral tactics are genetically fixed. Such systems are ideal for the study of the evolution of life histories because the consequences of selective episodes can be more easily identified. Here I report an interesting and classic example of a species exhibiting true alternative strategies. Due to a chromosomal inversion, male and female white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) occur as two distinct morphs, tan or white. Tan and white morphs mate disassortatively, and this mating pattern maintains the polymorphism in relatively equal proportions within the population. In comparison with tan males, white males are more aggressive, frequently intrude into neighboring territories, spend less time guarding their mates, occasionally attempt polygyny, and provide less parental care. White females are also more aggressive and solicit copulation from their mates twice as often as tan females. Multilocus DNA fingerprinting revealed that 31.8% of nestlings and 56.3% of broods from white male--tan female pairs were the result of extrapair fertilizations, whereas only 4.4% of nestlings and 6.3% of broods from tan male--white female pairs contained extrapair offspring. However, 4.4% of the nestlings (12.5% of broods) from tan male--white female pairs were attributable to conspecific brood parasitism, and brood parasitism was not a factor for white male--tan female pairs. For three excluded extrapair offspring, actual paternity was assigned to territorial white males, suggesting that, although white males are not preferred by females in previous mate choice studies, they do attempt to increase their reproductive success by securing additional matings via extrapair copulations. However, by doing so, white males also lose paternity at home. Behavioral and genetic evidence suggest that the two morphs use alternative strategies and that reproductive trade-offs may serve to maintain a competitive equilibrium between the morphs. Copyright 2003.
Gravity and uplift rates observed in southeast Alaska and their comparison with GIA model predictions

gravity change rates (unit: mGal/yr, 1 mGal = 10 8 ms 2 ) over the 6 sites are estimated to be 4.50 0.76 and 4.30 0.92 by only using our data and also using the 1987 data, respectively. We computed the uplift and gravity rates predicted by ice load models for three different time intervals: Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Little Ice Age (LIA) and Present-Day (PD). Except for 1–2 examples, the predictions recover the observed rates within the observation errors. We also estimated the viscous portion of the ratio (unit: mGal/mm) of the observed gravity rate to the uplift rate by correcting for the effects of the Present-Day Ice Mass Change (PDIMC). Two PDIMC models are compared, which are called here as UAF05 and UAF07. Mean ratios are estimated to be 0.205 0.089 and 0.183 0.052 for the cases using UAF05 and UAF07, respectively. The predicted mean ratios are 0.166 0.001 and 0.171 0.002 for the cases using both the LGA and LIA ice models and only using the LIA ice model, respectively. We have confirmed that our AG and GPS observations detect the rates and ratios reflecting an early stage of viscoelastic relaxation mainly due to the unloading effects after the LIA.
JOURNAL OF RURAL COOPERATION

Even before other socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) had done so, China and Vietnam embarked on a decollectivization process, where collective farming was completely abolished and family farming re-emerged. When the CEE and FSU countries started farm restructuring during the early 1990s, the East Asian way seemed to be the model. Some countries followed suit, while others provided the legal basis for a competitive environment between various types of farm organizations. One vital feature, however, is the fact that agricultural service cooperatives, contrary to China and Vietnam, only play a marginal role in these countries. Though the farmers from China and Vietnam and from the CEE and FSU countries had equally bitter memories of their respective collective periods, we argue that additional stakeholders were decisive in cooperative development. This might be a vital factor for why agricultural production prospered so quickly.
Just fracking: a distributive environmental justice analysis of unconventional gas development in Pennsylvania, USA

This letter presents a distributive environmental justice analysis of unconventional gas development in the area of Pennsylvania lying over the Marcellus Shale, the largest shale gas formation in play in the United States. The extraction of shale gas using unconventional wells, which are hydraulically fractured (fracking), has increased dramatically since 2005. As the number of wells has grown, so have concerns about the potential public health effects on nearby communities. These concerns make shale gas development an environmental justice issue. This letter examines whether the hazards associated with proximity to wells and the economic benefits of shale gas production are fairly distributed. We distinguish two types of distributive environmental justice: traditional and benefit sharing. We ask the traditional question: are there a disproportionate number of minority or low-income residents in areas near to unconventional wells in Pennsylvania? However, we extend this analysis in two ways: we examine income distribution and level of education; and we compare before and after shale gas development. This contributes to discussions of benefit sharing by showing how the income distribution of the population has changed. We use a binary dasymetric technique to remap the data from the 2000 US Census and the 2009–2013 American Communities Survey and combine that data with a buffer containment analysis of unconventional wells to compare the characteristics of the population living nearer to unconventional wells with those further away before and after shale gas development. Our analysis indicates that there is no evidence of traditional distributive environmental injustice: there is not a disproportionate number of minority or low-income residents in areas near to unconventional wells. However, our analysis is consistent with the claim that there is benefit sharing distributive environmental injustice: the income distribution of the population nearer to shale gas wells has not been transformed since shale gas development.
"What are you interested in?"—A survey on 601 nursing homes residents activities interests

Lack of engagement in activities is a common feature of nursing homes residents. As apathy is the most frequent behavioural disturbance, understanding residents’ interests is a milestone for tailored challenging interventions targeting engagement enhancement. Objective: To depict the activities interests of nursing homes residents. Method: An electronic version of the Test of Interest “TILT” which regroups 40 images of activities has been developed and adapted for the Ipad. Residents were asked to answer by yes or no to the question “are you interested by this activity”, for each activity found interesting, the patient had then to categorize it in either Work/ occupation-Personal-Leisure-Family. Population: A total of 601 residents from 19 nursing homes have completed the survey from March to May 2011. The surveyed nursing homes from the South East of France were comparable of nursing homes figures in France. Results: We interviewed 601 individuals (female, n = 484) aged 85.9 years, out of those, 56% had stayed more than one year in an institution. Nearly half of the population (45.3%) was from 80 - 89 year of age, followed by 36.1% from 90 - 99. The educational background was principally from primary school (36%) and high school (30.8%). Most of the residents were classified has having dementia (35.3%). From the 40 activities presented to each participant, “enjoying a good meal” has been found to be the most interesting activity by 83% of the population followed by “dressing up”, 75.9% and “watching TV”, 75.5%. Female participants reported more interest in place of worship, family pictures and being with grand children then males (p < 0.01). We found that the presence of “dementia” diagnosis” triggered the lack of interest compared to none demented or none cognitively impaired residents (p < 0.01). It was found that participants aged 55 - 69 were more the most interested to do video games (p < 0.05), though this may be interpreted as a positive step toward functional and cognitive rehabilitation program using virtual reality as a mean for intervention.
Evaluation of agricultural land resources for irrigation in the cotton growing Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India

The main objective of this study is to evaluate suitability of shrink-swell soils for surface irrigation system based upon a parametric evaluation system in low irrigation potential (7%) of cotton growing Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India. The thirty three shrink-swell soil series on basaltic landforms were identified from reconnaissance soil survey on 1:50,000 scale and evaluated for surface irrigation methods using Geographic Information System (GIS). The standard weekwise rainfall data showed that the rainfall is less than 20% of total precipitation during September and December, the top A horizon reaches to wilting point and needs supplementary protective irrigation to cotton based cropping systems . It was estimated that ten soil mapping units (1.8 Mha and 13.89%) of shrink-swell soils on moderate slopes (5 to 8%) were evaluated as suitable for surface methods and calculated the irrigation intervals that vary from 8. 61Â±1.35 days for cotton to 8. 9Â±1.4 days for wheat and 10Â±1.64 days for sugar cane. The study emphasized the utility of soil resource maps helps to delineate the soils with large PAWC(>200mm) with slight yield advantage and will serve as benchmark sites to monitor the interrelationships of soil water dynamics with respect to climate and cotton yields.
Studies on Genetic Diversity of Selected Population of Hybrid Scallop Chlamys farreri(♀)× Patinopecten yessoensis(♂) by Microsatellites Markers

The growth superiority of hybrid scallop Chlamys farreri (♀) × Patinopecten yessoensis (♂), as the following successive generation selection have been reported. However, the data about the genetic diversity in those population remains unexplored. In this study, the genetic structure analysis of F1, F2 and F3 were conducted by PCR with 10 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers. It showed that a total of 68 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 11, Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) per locus ranged from 0.4729 to 0.8429. And, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) of the three populations were 0.6100, 0.6975 and 0.7750, while the average expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.7607, 0.7751 and 0.7379 respectively. Fst values among the three populations were also low (Fst<0.05) which suggested low genetic differentiation between each two populations. In all, those data indicated the genetic structure challenge caused by hybridization and selection, supplying a new angle to understand artificial selective breeding.
In Search of Beta

Despite its limitations, the CAPM is a popular asset pricing model. However, the estimation of beta in the CAPM is affected by the choice of the returns frequency and firm characteristics. This study undertakes a detailed examination of the evidence for the UK and we find that the differences in beta computed from returns of various frequencies are related to size, liquidity, book-to-market and to some degree, opacity factors. One area where our conclusions might have important implications is in the regulatory use of the CAPM. Our results imply that low frequency beta estimates should, in most cases, be preferred to high frequency beta estimates.
Numerical modelling of climate change impacts on freshwater lenses on the North Sea Island of Borkum using hydrological and geophysical methods

A numerical, density dependent groundwater model is set up for the North Sea Island of Borkum to estimate climate change impacts on coastal aquifers and especially the situation of barrier islands in the Wadden Sea. The database includes information from boreholes, a seismic survey, a helicopter-borne electromagnetic (HEM) survey, monitoring of the freshwater-saltwater boundary by vertical electrode chains in two boreholes, measurements of groundwater table, pumping and slug tests, as well as water samples. Based on a statistical analysis of borehole columns, seismic sections and HEM, a hydrogeological model is set up. The groundwater model is developed using the finite-element programme FEFLOW. The density dependent groundwater model is calibrated on the basis of hydraulic, hydrological and geophysical data, in particular spatial HEM and local monitoring data. Verification runs with the calibrated model show good agreement between measured and computed hydraulic heads. A good agreement is also obtained between measured and computed density or total dissolved solids data for both the entire freshwater lens on a large scale and in the area of the well fields on a small scale. For simulating future changes in this coastal groundwater system until the end of the current century, we use the climate scenario A2, specified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and, in particular, the data for the German North Sea coast. Simulation runs show proceeding salinisation with time beneath the well fields of the two waterworks Waterdelle and Ostland. The modelling study shows that the spreading of well fields is an appropriate protection measure against excessive salinisation of the water supply until the end of the current century.
Effects of salt making on growth and stocking of mangrove forests of south western Indian Ocean coast in Tanzania

Sustainability of mangrove forest is threatened by the ongoing high extent of degradation due to salt extraction. Information is lacking on the impact of degradation on growth and stocking of the mangrove forests in the tropical region including Tanzania. A study was carried out to identify destructive activities due to salt production and their effects on growth and stocking of mangrove species in Lindi municipality along the southern coast of the western Indian Ocean coast in Tanzania. Semi-structured interviews were randomly administered among 123 randomly selected salt pan owners and salt workers to identify the activities involved in salt making. Effects of salt making activities on growth and stocking of mangrove species were assessed using a transect walk. Results revealed that the most involved activities in salt production were construction of ocean water reservoirs (21.14%), salt pans (35.8%) and salt pans pathways construction (15.45%), salt storage area (14.63%) and huts construction (13.1%). Mangrove basal area and stocking were lower in areas with salt making activities with 0.74 m2/ha and 110 m 2 /ha respectively compared to areas without salt making activities (4.1m2/ha) and (266 m 2 /ha). We can conclude that salt making poses threat on the sustainability of mangrove forestry ecosystem.