Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Share Ownership, Profit Shifting and Protectionism

In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing globalisation of stock market ownership on the economics of protection. Current data on European, Japanese and Australian stock exchanges indicate that in most cases over 30 per cent of the stock market is foreign-owned, a large increase on a couple of decades ago. Foreign share ownership in the USA lags behind these levels, but is increasing fast. This degree of foreign share-ownership is likely to change qualitatively the nature of the response of governments to FDI and support for `domestic' firms. In particular, a series worked examples, based upon duopoly theory, suggest that the level of foreign share-ownership is usually sufficient for profit-shifting on its own no longer to justify protection .
qu an tph ] 1 2 N ov 2 01 8 Disentanglement Cost of Quantum States

We show that the minimal rate of noise needed to catalytically erase the entanglement in a bipartite quantum state is given by the regularized relative entropy of entanglement. This offers a solution to the central open question raised in [Groisman et al., PRA 72, 032317 (2005)] and complements their main result that the minimal rate of noise needed to erase all correlations is given by the quantum mutual information. We extend our discussion to the tripartite setting where we show that an asymptotic rate of noise given by the regularized relative entropy of recovery is sufficient to catalytically transform the state to a locally recoverable version of the state.
The Complexity of Nash Equilibria in Multiplayer Zero-Sum Games and Coordination Games

We prove a generalization of von Neumann's minmax theorem to the class of separable multiplayer zero-sum games, introduced in [Bregman and Fokin 1998]. These games are polymatrix-that is, graphical games in which every edge is a two-player game between its endpoints-in which every outcome has zero total sum of players' payoffs. Our generalization of the minmax theorem implies convexity of equilibria, polynomial-time tractability, and convergence of no-regret learning algorithms to Nash equilibria. Given that threeplayer zero-sum games are already PPAD-complete, this class of games, i.e. with pairwise separable utility functions, defines essentially the broadest class of multi-player constantsum games to which we can hope to push tractability results. Our result is obtained by establishing a certain game-class collapse, showing that separable constant-sum games are payoff equivalent to pairwise constant-sum polymatrix games-polymatrix games in which all edges are constant-sum games, and invoking a recent result of [Daskalakis, Papadimitriou 2009] for these games. We also explore generalizations to classes of nonconstant-sum multi-player games. A natural candidate is polymatrix games with strictly competitive games on their edges. In the two player setting, such games are minmax solvable and recent work has shown that they are merely affine transformations of zero-sum games [Adler, Daskalakis, Papadimitriou 2009]. Surprisingly we show that a polymatrix game comprising of strictly competitive games on its edges is PPAD-complete to solve, proving a striking difference in the complexity of networks of zero-sum and strictly competitive games. Finally, we look at the role of coordination in networked interactions, studying the complexity of polymatrix games with a mixture of coordination and zero-sum games. We show that finding a pure Nash equilibrium in coordination-only polymatrix games is PLS-complete; hence, computing a mixed Nash equilibrium is in PLS n PPAD, but it remains open whether the problem is in P. If, on the other hand, coordination and zero-sum games are combined, we show that the problem becomes PPAD-complete, establishing that coordination and zero-sum games achieve the full generality of PPAD. This work is done in collaboration with Costis Daskalakis. Thesis Supervisor: Constantinos Daskalakis Title: Assistant Professor
LUMINOSITY DISTRIBUTION OF GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXIES AT REDSHIFT z = 1 IN COSMOLOGICAL SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE METALLICITY DEPENDENCE OF GRBs

We study the relationship between the metallicity of gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitors and the probability distribution function (PDF) of GRB host galaxies as a function of luminosity using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation. We impose a maximum limit to the gas metallicity in which GRBs can occur and examine how the predicted luminosity PDF of GRB host galaxies changes in the simulation. We perform the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and show that the result from our simulation agrees with the observed luminosity PDF of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) host galaxies when we assume that the core-collapse SNe trace star formation. When we assume that GRBs occur only in a low-metallicity environment with Z ≲ 0.1 Z☉, GRBs occur in lower luminosity galaxies, and the simulated luminosity PDF becomes quantitatively consistent with the observed one. The observational bias against the host galaxies of optically dark GRBs owing to dust extinction may be another reason for the lower luminosities of GRB host galaxies, but the observed luminosity PDF of GRB host galaxies cannot be reproduced solely by the dust bias in our simulation.
Ethnic segregation and heterogeneous preferences of homeowners for housing and neighbourhood characteristics : evidence from the Netherlands

This paper examines ethnically differentiated preferences for neighbourhood ethniccomposition among homeowners in the Netherlands. Borrowing from price hedonic theory, it tests a fully nonparametric empirical model of housing choice. We exploit rich neighbourhood-level administrative data linked to the 2009 Dutch Housing and Living Survey. The nonparametric analysis proceeds in two steps. First, housing prices are decomposed into attribute-specific implicit prices. These price hedonic estimates indicate a significant negative effect of the percentage of non-western minority residents in a neighbourhood on housing prices. For the second step and using the recovered household preference parameters, the marginal willingness to pay for an increase in non-western minority neighbours is estimated. Our model predicts an average decrease in dwelling price of 697 for every 10 per cent increase in non-western neighbours. The paper finds evidence of assimilation with some homeowners of non-western migrant background having a negative willingness to pay for living next to more co-ethnic neighbours.
List of Tables iii List of Figures iv Dedication v Acknowledgements vi Introduction : Cooperative Breeding and Philopatry 1

PHILOPATRY IN PRAIRIE VOLES: AN EVALUATION OF THE HABITAT SATURATION HYPOTHESIS By: Kristen E. Lucia Philopatry, or delayed dispersal of sexually mature offspring, may be due to ecological constraints on dispersal. In this study I manipulated the population density of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) living in experimental enclosures to test the predictions of the habitat saturation hypothesis that philopatry and subsequent group formation in this cooperatively breeding mammal is affected by the availability of suitable territories. A significantly greater proportion of offspring remained philopatric at high densities, with females being more philopatric than males at all densities. This increase in philopatry led to a significant increase in the proportion of social units that were groups as well as a significant increase in group size. These results provide the strongest evidence for a mammal of a causal affect of density on dispersal and group formation and suggest that habitat saturation is at least a partial explanation for philopatry in prairie voles. PHILOPATRY IN PRAIRIE VOLES: AN EVALUATION OF THE HABITAT SATURATION HYPOTHESIS
Low δ13C signatures in pelagic seabirds: lipid ingestion as a potential source of 13C-depleted carbon in the Procellariiformes

Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (delta C-13) were determined in liver samples from a number of procellariiform seabirds from New Zealand. Generally, delta C-13 values were low (depleted in C-13) and there was a significant degree of intra- and inter- specific variation. We suggest that the pelagic versus inshore/benthic foraging model for delta C-13 values in marine consumers is insufficient to explain the intra- and inter- specific variation. Nor can observed delta C-13 values of procellariforms be linked to variation in foraging distances. We propose that carbon relatively depleted in C-13 derived from dietary Lipids is incorporated into proteins. Support for this hypothesis is provided by depleted delta C-13 signatures we measured in lipids extracted from liver tissue, which were always lower than delta C-13 signatures in Liver tissue (by 4.2 to 6.8 parts per thousand, depending on species). Additionally, delta C-13 values were determined in a small number of stomach- oil samples; these too were relatively depleted and lower than delta C-13 values measured in Liver tissue. Incorporation of dietary lipids, relatively depleted in C-13, into protein could explain both intra- and inter-specific variation in delta C-13 signatures in procellariiforms and may represent an additional explanation for relatively low delta C-13 values in pelagic consumers.
B{sub d,s}ρ,,K*, decay form factors from light-cone sum rules reexamined

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Ecological studies on a population of the water snake Grayia smythii in a rainforest swamp of the Niger Delta, Nigeria

The ecology of the water snake, Grayia smythii (Reptilia: Colubridae) occurring in a seasonal rainforest swamp of the Niger Delta (southern Nigeria) was investigated between December 1998 and March 2000. Females and males were similar in body sizes (SVL) and head sizes, but males had tails significantly longer than females. The diet was constituted only by frogs and fish. The major prey type was Xenopus tropicalis, followed by Tilapia sp. and Clarias sp. Adult sex-ratio was 1:1. Sloughing of skin and ovipositions occurred in dry season, in the humid enclosure of buttress roots amongst leaf litters. Fecundity ranged from 8 to 14 eggs per female, with a mean of 10 eggs (SD = 1.8). The smallest gravid female was 78.2 cm SVL. Eggs were laid in batches of three to four eggs at a site, in at least two to three different sites. The size of the eggs averaged 3.1 cm in length, 2.1 cm in width, and had a fresh weight ranging from 18,2 to 22.1 g. Maternal size influenced significantly the number of eggs produced by female, but not their average size. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between number of eggs and mean egg size. Predators of this snake at the study area were herons and fishermen.
Amniotic Membrane: A Novel Material for Regeneration and Repair

Amniotic membrane is the inner most lining of the human placenta that is normally discarded after parturition. The membrane has numerous growth factors, proteins and stem cell reserves that help in accelerating wound healing with regeneration of the lost tissues. The preserved human amniotic membrane is a novel tissue engineerined biomaterial that is recently tired in field of medicine and dentistry to regenerate the lost tissues and accelerate repair. This review paper unfolds the inherent structure, properties, mechanisms and the applications of this neglected tissue that makes it a potential material for regeneration especially in the field of oral and periodontal surgeries.
Effects of diflubenzuron and penfluron on workers of Apis cerana indica F and Apis mellifera L

Des ouvrieres naissantes (N = 25-30) d'Apis mellifera et d'Apis cerana indica ont ete traitees individuellement par voie topique avec 100 μg de diflubenzuron (DF) ou de penfluron (PF) dilues dans 25 μl d'acetone, maintenues dans des cagettes a 29 ± 1 °C et nourries avec du sirop a 50 % et du pollen preleve dans les rayons. Les abeilles ont supporte le traitement mais 2 j plus tard les premiers effets sont apparus: le poids des abeilles traitees etait significativement inferieur a celui des temoins (tableau I). A l'âge de 6 j le poids etait encore plus bas, en particulier apres traitement au DF. Le diflubenzuron (sous forme de dimilin a 25% en pourcentage de poids) a aussi ete administre par voie orale a de jeunes ouvrieres (N = 30) recemment maintenues en etuve a 29 ± 1 °C durant 6 j: 10 μl de sirop contenant 50 ou 100 μg de DF etaient presentes aux abeilles dans des tubes capillaires calibres. L'activite des glandes hypopharyngiennes a ete evaluee d'apres la taille (diametre × longueur) des acini. Les glandes hypopharyngiennes de 10 abeilles par lot traite et par lot temoin ont ete prelevees et fixees pendant 1 h dans une solution aqueuse a 10% de formaldehyde, colorees pendant 15-20 min au carmin boracique, deshydratees a l'alcool, nettoyees a l'essence de girofle et au xylene, puis montees dans du DPX®. Chaque moyenne represente 200 mesures (10 acini/glande, 2 glandes/abeille sur 10 abeilles). On a traite de la meme facon des ouvrieres âgees de 6 j (N = 10) provenant de la ruche pour comparer l'activite de leurs glandes avec celles des abeilles de meme âge maintenues au laboratoire. Dans le lot temoin du laboratoire les acini etaient plus petits que ceux des abeilles de la ruche (tableau II). Pourtant les abeilles des 2 especes ayant ingere 50 μg de DF avaient des acini significativement plus petits que ceux des groupes temoins du laboratoire. La reduction de l'activite glandulaire chez les abeilles traitees pourrait etre une consequence de la faible prise de poids due a une perturbation du metabolisme. Les butineuses des 2 especes ont consomme sans difficulte le sirop additionne de diflubenzuron. Lorsqu'on a augmente la dose de 25 a 100 μg/100 μl de sirop, le temps necessaire a la consommation a diminue de 9,18 a 6,97 s pour A mellifera et de 9,67 a 6,83 s pour A c indica, tandis que pour les temoins il etait respectivement de 13,7 et 13,16 s (tableau III). Lorsque les butineuses ont recu de 12,5 a 100 μg de DF/10 μl de sirop a 50%, on a observe apres 4 j de traitement une perte de poids significative fonction de la dose (tableau IV)
Evolution of linear wave dark matter perturbations in the radiation-dominated era

Linear perturbations of the wave dark matter, or $\psi$ dark matter ($\psi$DM), of particle mass $\sim 10^{-22}$eV in the radiation-dominant era are analyzed, and the matter power spectrum at the photon-matter equality is obtained. We identify four phases of evolution for $\psi$DM perturbations, where the dynamics can be vastly different from the counterparts of cold dark matter (CDM). While in late stages after mass oscillation long-wave $\psi$DM perturbations are almost identical to CDM perturbations, some subtle differences remain, let alone intermediate-to-short waves that bear no resemblance with those of CDM throughout the whole evolutionary history. The dissimilarity is due to quantum mechanical effects which lead to severe mode suppression. We also discuss the axion model with a cosine field potential. The power spectrum of axion models are generally almost identical to those of $\psi$DM, but in the extreme case when the initial axion angle is near the field potential top, this axion model predict a power excess over a range of wave number and a higher spectral cutoff than $\psi$DM as if $\psi$DM had a higher particle mass.
The Log-Linear Return Approximation, Bubbles, and Predictability

Abstract We study in detail the log-linear return approximation introduced by Campbell and Shiller (1988a). First, we derive an upper bound for the mean approximation error, given stationarity of the log dividend-price ratio. Next, we simulate various rational bubbles that have explosive conditional expectation, and we investigate the magnitude of the approximation error in those cases. We find that, surprisingly, the Campbell-Shiller approximation is very accurate even in the presence of large explosive bubbles. Only in very large samples do we find evidence that bubbles generate large approximation errors. Finally, we show that a bubble model in which expected returns are constant can explain the predictability of stock returns from the dividend-price ratio that many previous studies have documented.
T HE I MPACT O F T HE B ASS D RUM O N H UMAN D ANCE M OVEMENT

The present study aims to gain better insight into the connection between music and dance by examining the dynamic effects of the bass drum on a dancing audience in a club-like environment. One hundred adult participants moved freely in groups of five to a musical sequence that comprised six songs. Each song consisted of one section that was repeated three times, each time with a different sound pressure level of the bass drum. Hip and head movements were recorded using motion capture and motion sensing. The study demonstrates that people modify their bodily behavior according to the dynamic level of the bass drum when moving to contemporary dance music in a social context. Participants moved more actively and displayed a higher degree of tempo entrainment as the sound pressure level of the bass drum increased. These results indicate that the prominence of the bass drum in contemporary dance music serves not merely as a stylistic element; indeed, it has a strong influence on dancing itself.
THE SIMULTANEOUS OPTICAL-TO-X-RAY SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF SOFT X-RAY SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI OBSERVED BY SWIFT

We report Swift observations of a sample of 92 bright soft X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This sample represents the largest number of AGNs observed to study the spectral energy distribution (SED) of AGNs with simultaneous optical/UV and X-ray data. The principal motivation of this study is to understand the SEDs of AGNs in the optical/UV to X-ray regime and to provide bolometric corrections which are important in determining the Eddington ratio L/LEdd. In particular, we rigorously explore the dependence of the UV–EUV contribution to the bolometric correction on the assumed EUV spectral shape. We find strong correlations of the spectral slopes αX and αUV with L/LEdd. Although narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) have steeper αX and higher L/LEdd than broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (BLS1s), their optical/UV to X-ray spectral slopes αox and optical/UV slopes αUV are very similar. The mean SED of NLS1s shows that in general this type of AGNs appears to be fainter in the UV and at hard X-ray energies than BLS1s. We find a strong correlation between αX and αUV for AGNs with X-ray spectral slopes αX<1.6. For AGNs with steeper X-ray spectra, both this relation and the relation between αX and L/LEdd break down. At αX≈1.6, L/LEdd reaches unity. We note an offset in the αUV–L/LEdd relation between NLS1s and BLS1s. We argue that αUV is a good estimator of L/LEdd and suggest that αUV can be used to estimate L/LEdd in high-redshift QSOs. Although NLS1s appear to be highly variable in X-rays, they only vary marginally in the UV.
Dirac semimetal and topological phase transitions in A 3 Bi ( A = Na , K, Rb)

Three-dimensional (3D) Dirac point, where two Weyl points overlap in momentum space, is usually unstable and hard to realize. Here we show, based on the first-principles calculations and effective model analysis, that crystalline A(3)Bi (A = Na, K, Rb) are Dirac semimetals with bulk 3D Dirac points protected by crystal symmetry. They possess nontrivial Fermi arcs on the surfaces and can be driven into various topologically distinct phases by explicit breaking of symmetries. Giant diamagnetism, linear quantum magnetoresistance, and quantum spin Hall effect will be expected for such compounds.
Dynamics of microbial plankton communities: experiments in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaïï

The dynamics of the microbial plankton community of Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii were investigated in September 1982 using in situ diffusion chambers and dilution manipulations. Total community carbon at the time of the experiments was estimated at 86 pg C 1-' of which Chlorella sp. accounted for 47 %, autotrophic microflagellates 14 %, chroococcoid cyanobacteria 11 %, and heterotrophic microflagellates and bacteria each 9 %. Instantaneous growth rates ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 d-' and 1.4 to 2.0 d-l , and mortality rates varied from 0.5 to 1.1 d' and 0.1 to 0.4 d' for heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively, yielding net population growth rates of 1.0 to 1.3 and 1.5 to 2.7 doublings d' for the 2 populations. Chlorella sp. , on the other hand, experienced only slight net growth (0.1 to 0.3 doublings d-l) despite a growth coefficient of about 0.9 d-'. Phagotrophic microflagellates, presumed to be the dominant microbial grazers, consumed about 4.7 times their body carbon d-' and grew at net populationrates of 1.4 to 1.9 doublings d-l . However, microflagellates were food limited and did not control bacterial populations. From these data it appears that recent arguments for rapid material cycling within microbial communities of oligotrophic oceans may be overstated.
Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty ? Is a Thinner Donor Lamella the Better Choice?

Introduction:To evaluate the influence of lamellar thickness on visual recovery after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and compare the results to penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods:A prospective case series of 20 eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) undergoing DSAEK.Lamellar graft thickness was measured at the visual axis using anterior segment OCT, by the same person, at various time points after DSAEK. Eyes were divided into groups based on Day One postoperative endothelial lamella thickness: standard (≤180 μm), medium-thick (>180 ≤ 250 μm) and thick (>250 μm). Outcome measurements were graft survival rate, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), endothelial cell density loss (ECD), and degree of astigmatism. Results in DSAEK eyes were compared to 20 PBK eyes which underwent PK. Results:The median postoperative graft thickness of DSAEK eyes was 194.54 ± 47.61 μm. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or preoperative BSCVA between DSAEK groups. The postoperative follow-up period was 18 months. Eyes with lamellar grafts of ≤180 μm thickness showed better postoperative BSCVA and quicker recovery rates compared to the medium-thick and thick grafts (P<0.001). Only eyes receiving ≤180 μm thickness lamellar grafts achieved equivalent BSCVA as PK eyes at month 18. Medium-thick grafts needed a longer period to obtain BSCVA scores similar to thinner grafts, while thick grafts never achieved the BSCVA of standard and PK grafts. All DSAEK eyes with lamella of thickness ≤180 μm, and only 50% of those with medium-thick lamella, had reached a BSCVA of ≥ 0.5 at 6 months. Conclusions: Lamella of thickness ≤180 μm after DSAEK ensured a better and quicker visual recovery than thicker grafts.