Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA Barcode Record of Some Common Spiders from Punjab, Pakistan

A B S T R A C T Spiders are important insect predators and being used as model organisms in various investigatory studies however, work on this group is difficult due to the constrains in their species level identification. DNA-barcoding is a promising approach to minimize the difficulties of taxonomists to delimit species. Current study was designed to provide first barcode record of some common spiders from Punjab, Pakistan. The standard barcode region (658 base pairs of Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I), in multiple specimens of all species, was sequenced. DNA based data corresponded the morphological study, confirming the presence of five species i.e., Clubiona analis Thorell, 1895, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskal, 1775), Leucauge decorata (Blackwall, 1864), Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1841) and Oxyopes javanus Thorell, 1887. There was clear gap in intraspecific and interspecific values of genetic distances. For every species, the maximum interaspecific divergence was less than the minimum distance to its nearest-neighbour. The divergence values within and between species ranged from 0–1.6% and 17.6–23.7%, respectively. Five species were also clearly separated based on parsimony analysis. It is concluded that DNA barcoding is a reliable tool to delimit studied spider species.
Selective exploitation of spatially structured coastal fish populations by recreational anglers may lead to evolutionary downsizing of adults

The present study was partially financed by the research project CONFLICT (grant no. CGL2008-00958) and REC2 (grant no. CTM2011-23835), both funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (MINECO). J.A. was supported by an FPI fellowship (MINECO), and A.J. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal grant (MIMECO). We also thank the people of the National Park of Cabrera (sampling was performed within the framework of the research project ROQUER grant no.CTM2005-00283). R.A. received funding from the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through the Program for Social-Ecological Research for the project Besatzfisch (grant no. 01UU0907). The finalization of the study was made possible by the BTypes project funded through the Leibniz Competition (SAW-2013-IGB-2) to R.A. and a Marie Curie Post Doc grant to J.A. (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, grant no. 327160)
Reverse LISS plate in treating femoral intertrochanteric fractures: A review of 22 cases

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effects of reverse Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) on femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: A total of 22 cases with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were treated with reverse LISS. The period from injury to operation was 3-14 days. Results: The haemorrhage was 130.5 ± 60 ml during the surgery and the operation time was 55 ± 15 min. The fracture healing time was 10-27 W (average 13.4 W). According to the Harris functional scoring, the results were excellent in 11, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1, excellent and good rate of clinical results were 86.4%. 2 cases developed discomforts and pains in greater trochanter. Plate collapse was found in 1 case by X-ray 6 months following surgery. Fortunately, no further treatment was required for fracture malunion. The rest 19 cases had no surgical site infection, no varus deformity of hip, any implant failure and displacement of fracture, no backing out or loosening of the locking screws. Conclusions: Reverse LISS plate is an effective way for femoral intertrochanteric fractures, although there is certain failure rate. In order to improve the clinical effect, intraoperative normative operation and avoiding early weight bearing are very important.
Chapter 7 Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is an organ-speciic autoimmune disease targeting hair follicles. It causes nonscarring hair loss. The prevalence rate of the disease is approximately 1 in 1000 people worldwide. The condition is most commonly seen as circular areas of hair loss, but it may sometimes be as extensive as to involve the whole scalp or whole body. The complex pathophysiology of alopecia areata involves an autoimmune basis. Association of alopecia areata with other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis and vitiligo, and the good response of patients to immunosuppressive treatment support an autoimmune etiology. Although some poor prognostic signs are deined, the course of the disease is unpredictable and the response to treatment can be variable. To date, there are neither preventive nor curative measures to deal with the condition. First-line therapy for patchy disease is topical and intralesional steroids, whereas extensive disease is conventionally managed with immunotherapy. New treatment agents, such as excimer laser, low-dose recombinant interleukin 2, Janus kinase inhibitors, and simvastatin/ezetimibe, are promising.
The Aftermath of Crawford and Davis: Deconstructing the Sound of Silence

Victims of domestic violence often do not want to testify in court, and if they do, they often recant and/or testify on behalf of their batterers. To overcome this challenge in prosecuting these types of cases, prosecutors have implemented a practice of "victimless prosecutions" where the out-of-court statements of victims are used in lieu of their live testimony in court. This practice has been limited, however, by the United States Supreme Court cases Crawford v. Washington and Davis v. Washington, which limit the use of out-of-court testimonial statements in criminal cases when the defendant has not had an opportunity to cross-examine the witness. For this reason, some out-of-court statements will no longer be admissible in domestic violence trials. In evaluating how this change should affect the future prosecutions of domestic violence cases, this article critiques the practice of victimless prosecutions from the perspective of the victim. Specifically, this article proposes that scholars consider whether victimless prosecutions have been effective in meeting the goals of victim safety, gender equality, and autonomy. Drawing upon feminist scholarship and literature on the legal silencing of subordinate groups, it explores whether victimless prosecutions may discourage women from speaking, which is an important act of empowerment. This legal silence may allow the legal system to ignore victims and to pursue its own agenda of successful prosecutions, may limit the criminal justice system's ability to get direct input from victims on whether these laws and policies are effective, and may make victims complicit in their subordination as women. While this article acknowledges that victimless prosecutions may be appropriate for some victims, given the potential harm of victim silencing and the fact that Crawford and Davis will limit the use of victimless prosecutions in at least some cases, the criminal justice system should evaluate whether there are victims who can and will testify. Directly addressing some of the reasons that victims do not testify may limit victim silence, which may be a better long-term approach to the domestic violence problem.
Real-time Walking Pattern Generation for a Biped Robot with Hybrid CPG-ZMP Algorithm

Biped robots have better mobility than conventional wheeled robots. The bio-inspired method based on a central pattern generator (CPG) can be used to control biped robot walking in a manner like human beings. However, to achieve stable locomotion, it is difficult to modulate the parameters for the neural networks to coordinate every degree of freedom of the walking robot. The zero moment point (ZMP) method is very popular for the stability control of biped robot walking. However, the reference trajectories have low energy efficiency, lack naturalness and need significant offline calculation. This paper presents a new method for biped real-time walking generation using a hybrid CPG-ZMP control algorithm. The method can realize a stable walking pattern by combining the ZMP criterion with rhythmic motion control. The CPG component is designed to generate the desired motion for each robot joint, which is modulated by phase resetting according to foot contact information. By introducing the ZMP location, the activity of the CPG output signal is adjusted to coordinate the limbs’ motion and allow the robot to maintain balance during the process of locomotion. The numerical simulation results show that, compared with the CPG method, the new hybrid CPG-ZMP algorithm can enhance the robustness of the CPG parameters and improve the stability of the robot. In addition, the proposed algorithm is more energy efficient than the ZMP method. The results also demonstrate that the control system can generate an adaptive walking pattern through interactions between the robot, the CPG and the environment.
The Nutritional Status of Children with Suspected Abuse

Child abuse is the willful infliction of injury to a child. Estimated at 2.8 million children affected per year, over 2,000 die from maltreatment [1]. In 1998 alone, 900,000 cases were reported [2] and from 1986-1993 cases doubled in the United States. Up to 10% of children seen in the emergency room (ER) under the age of 6 had a non-accidental injury accounting for nearly 25% of all hospital admissions for head injury in infancy, producing significant morbidity [3, 4]. Abuse is not limited to poor or racial minorities [5]. Physical and sexual abuse during childhood/adolescence was reported by 22% on a questionnaire [6]. Abused children fre‐ quently have moderate to severe malnutrition [7] due to withholding of food which may lead to compromised nutritional state and failure to thrive (FTT) [8]. Twenty-nine percent of 42 children with severe trauma had under nutrition resulting in growth retardation [9].
Influence of high pre-rigor temperature and fast pH fall on muscle proteins and meat quality: a review

The impacts of accelerated pH decline combined with high muscle temperature on post-mortem muscle metabolism and subsequent meat quality attributes have been extensively studied. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been observed in pork muscles, primarily due to the relatively fast post-mortem glycolysis rate and its relationships to stress susceptibility of pigs before slaughter. However, the protein-denaturing condition of high temperature/rapid pH fall and subsequent PSE (pale, soft and exudative)-like abnormal meat quality characteristics have been observed in muscles from other species such as beef, lamb, venison and even poultry. Various pre-rigor conditions including the application of electrical stimulation, hot-boning, and/or pre-rigor carcass chilling temperatures in various muscles, in conjunction with carcass stretching/hanging methods, can also contribute to muscle-protein denaturation pre-rigor. This review considers the influence of a faster than normal pH fall at a higher than normal pre-rigor temperature on glycolysis, post-mortem muscle proteins and subsequently meat quality attributes. Gaps in current knowledge are identified and recommendations made for additional research.
PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME — A STUDY

The objective of the present study was to assess whether periodontal disease is predictive of premature gestation in an identified population of women at risk for birth complications as a consequence of medical factors. The study population consisted of pregnant women who received uniform pre-natal care in Rama Medical College, Kanpur eastern Uttar Pradesh state of India. Criteria for inclusion were; women aged 18-39 years, with singleton gestation, any weeks’ gestation. Exclusion criteria were; multiple gestation, high risk gestation, hypertension, gestational diabetes, any systemic disease, placenta previa and less than 20 natural teeth. A total of 90 volunteer mothers were entered in the study after giving written consent. This research demonstrated that periodontal disease in normal pregnant women is significantly associated with decreased infant birth weight, providing new evidence on the relationship between periodontal disease and birth weight. Nevertheless, the association between periodontal disease and birth weight infant should be further explored in new observational and intervention studies to establish whether it is casual or incidental, and to generalize the findings in diverse populations.
Influence Collector Inclination of Solar Dryer on Apple ‘Golab’ Chips Drying

Summary Th in layer of apple chips (‘Golab’) with 73.4% (wet basis) moisture content were dried in a hybrid solar dryer. A new mechanism was designed to change inclination of the collector. Drying experiments were run in three levels of airfl ow rates and two levels of collector tilted angle. In order to describe the thin layer drying, ten diff erent models were selected. Th e goodness of fi tting was evaluated by calculating and comparing the statistical values for each model. Th e approximation of diff usion and the Midilli model were chosen for 30, and 45 degrees of tilted angle, respectively. Besides, fi ve linear and nonlinear equations were derived in order to establish the best relationship for every empirical coeffi cient with temperature and airfl ow rate. Results revealed that the 2nd polynomial equations were suitable to predict these coeffi cients. Comparison between moisture ratio data in diff erent inclination evidenced that more drying intensity occurred with 30 degrees of slope angle and airfl ow 0.018 m3·s-1.
3D Vision: Technologies and Applications SE Selected Topics in Multimedia 2012W

D vision is a promising new branch in the entertainment industry that encompasses applications for cinema, televi- sion and video games alike. The twenty-rst century uprise of three-dimensional technology can only be explained by a mix of technological and social factors. Despite this, vendors are still struggling with reaching a critical mass for the estab- lishment of new products. Some users experience discomfort when using stereoscopic devices due to the dierence in per- ceived and reproduced reality. To address these problems, recording and display technologies need to be compared and evaluated for their applicability and usefulness. We give an overview on today's 3D technology, its benets and draw- backs, as well as an outlook into the possible future.
Translation surfaces and their orbit closures: An introduction for a broad audience

Translation surfaces can be defined in an elementary way via polygons, and arise naturally in in the study of various basic dynamical systems. They can also be defined as Abelian differentials on Riemann surfaces, and have moduli spaces called strata that are related to the moduli space of Riemann surfaces. There is a GL(2,R) action on each stratum, and to solve most problems about a translation surface one must first know the closure of its orbit under this action. Furthermore, these orbit closures are of fundamental interest in their own right, and are now known to be algebraic varieties that parameterize translation surfaces with extraordinary algebro-geometric and flat properties. The study of orbit closures has greatly accelerated in recent years, with an influx of new tools and ideas coming diverse areas of mathematics. This survey is an invitation for mathematicians from different backgrounds to become familiar with the subject. Little background knowledge, beyond the definition of a Riemann surface and its cotangent bundle, is assumed, and top priority is given to presenting a view of the subject that is at once accessible and connected to many areas of mathematics.
Mapping Online Consumer Search

The authors propose a new method to visualize browsing behavior in so-called product search maps. Manufacturers can use these maps to understand how consumers search for competing products before choice, including how information acquisition and product search are organized along brands, product attributes, and price-related search strategies. The product search maps also inform manufacturers about the competitive structure in the industry and the contents of consumer consideration sets. The proposed method defines a product search network, consisting of the products and links that designate whether a product is searched conditional on searching other products. The authors model this network using a stochastic, hierarchical, and asymmetric multidimensional scaling framework and decompose the product locations as well as the product-level influences using product attributes. The advantages of the approach are twofold. First, the authors simultaneously visualize the positions of products and the direction of consumer search over products in a perceptual map of search proximity. Second, they explain the formation of the map using observed product attributes. The authors empirically apply their approach to consumer search of digital camcorders at Amazon.com and provide several managerial implications.
From Bandits to Monte-Carlo Tree Search: The Optimistic Principle Applied to Optimization and Planning

This work covers several aspects of the optimism in the face of uncertainty principle applied to large scale optimization problems under finite numerical budget. The initial motivation for the research reported here originated from the empirical success of the so-called Monte-Carlo Tree Search method popularized in computer-go and further extended to many other games as well as optimization and planning problems. Our objective is to contribute to the development of theoretical foundations of the field by characterizing the complexity of the underlying optimization problems and designing efficient algorithms with performance guarantees. The main idea presented here is that it is possible to decompose a complex decision making problem (such as an optimization problem in a large search space) into a sequence of elementary decisions, where each decision of the sequence is solved using a (stochastic) multi-armed bandit (simple mathematical model for decision making in stochastic environments). This so-called hierarchical bandit approach (where the reward observed by a bandit in the hierarchy is itself the return of another bandit at a deeper level) possesses the nice feature of starting the exploration by a quasi-uniform sampling of the space and then focusing progressively on the most promising area, at different scales, according to the evaluations observed so far, and eventually performing a local search around the global optima of the function. The performance of the method is assessed in terms of the optimality of the returned solution as a function of the number of function evaluations. Our main contribution to the field of function optimization is a class of hierarchical optimistic algorithms designed for general search spaces (such as metric spaces, trees, graphs, Euclidean spaces, .) with different algorithmic instantiations depending on whether the evaluations are noisy or noiseless and whether some measure of the ''smoothness'' of the function is known or unknown. The performance of the algorithms depend on the local behavior of the function around its global optima expressed in terms of the quantity of near-optimal states measured with some metric. If this local smoothness of the function is known then one can design very efficient optimization algorithms (with convergence rate independent of the space dimension), and when it is not known, we can build adaptive techniques that can, in some cases, perform almost as well as when it is known.
Effect of Potassium Humate on Plant Growth and Chemical Contents of Banana Plantlets Grown in vitro under Salinity Stress

Salinity represents one of the most abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and production around the world. In this experiment, in vitro culture of Grand Nain banana plantlets were used to study the physiological responses to salt stress and potassium humate role in reducing salt damage. Plantlets, grown in rooting media, were supplemented with different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 1000, 3000, 5000 ppm) and potassium humate (0, 0.2, and 0.4 g/l). Salinity reduced plantlet height, fresh weight and dry weight. Leaf contents of chlorophyll a, and b were decreased while Na contents increased by increasing NaCl concentrations. Also, proline contents were significantly affected by salinity. Applications of potassium humate significantly increased vegetative growth and chemical contents compared to untreated plantlets.
HOW TO CONTROL CONTROLLED SCHOOL CHOICE ONLINE APPENDIX FEDERICO ECHENIQUE AND M. BUMIN YENMEZ

The legal background on diversity in school admissions is complicated. Since the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education supreme court ruling, which ended school segregation, many school districts have attempted to achieve more integrated schools. The current legal environment is summarized in the 2011 guidelines issued by the US departments of justice and education: “Guidance on the voluntary use of race to achieve diversity and avoid racial isolation in elementary and secondary schools. ” (There is a separate set of guidelines for college admissions.) We shall not summarize these guidelines here, but suffice it to say that they are perfectly compatible with the theory developed in this paper. In particular, the “race neutral” approaches described in the guidelines can be carried out through our methods (race neutrality goes into the definition of types). We proceed to briefly describe some of the best-known programs in the US.
On free products of finitely generated abelian groups

Let the group G be a free product of a finite number of finitely generated abelian groups. Let G be its commutator subgroup. It is proven here that the "quasi-G-simple" commutators, defined below, are free generators of G . I. Introduction. In this paper, we will investigate the commutator subgroup, G', of a group, G, which is the free product: