Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae)

Abstract Vanilla is a pantropical genus of green-stemmed vines bearing clasping (aerial) and absorbing (terrestrial) roots. Most vanillas bear normal, thick foliage leaves; others produce fugacious bracts. Seventeen species, including both types were studied. Foliage leaves of Vanilla are glabrous, have abaxial, tetracytic stomatal apparatuses, and a homogeneous mesophyll. Species may or may not have a uniseriate hypodermis. Crystals occur in the foliar epidermises of some species, but all species have crystalliferous idioblasts with raphides in the mesophyll. Vascular bundles in leaves are collateral and occur in a single series alternating large and small. Sclerenchyma may or may not be associated with the vascular bundles. Scale leaves may be crescent or C-shaped and usually have abaxial stomatal apparatuses. A hypodermis may or may not be present; the mesophyll contains raphide bundles in idioblasts. Vascular bundles are collateral and occur in a single row sometimes aligned close to the adaxial surface. They may or may not be associated with sclerenchyma. Stems of leafy vanillas show a sclerenchyma band separating cortex from ground tissue; stems of leafless vanillas do not show a sclerenchyma band. Ground tissue of the stem may consist solely of assimilatory cells or mixed assimilatory and water-storage cells. In some species centrally located assimilatory cells are surrounded by layers of water-storage cells. A uniseriate hypodermis is present in all stems. Sclerenchyma may completely surround the scattered collateral vascular bundles, occur only on the phloem side, or be absent. Both aerial and terrestrial roots are notable for their uniseriate velamen the cell walls of which may be unmarked or ornamented with anticlinal strips. Exodermis is uniseriate; the cells vary from barely thickened to strongly thickened. Only the outer and radial walls are thickened. Cortical cells of aerial roots generally have chloroplasts that are lacking from the same tissue of terrestrial roots. Raphide bundles occur in thin-walled cortical idioblasts. Endodermis and pericycle are uniseriate; pericycle cells are all ○ -thickened opposite the phloem. Cells of the endodermis are either ○- or U-thickened opposite the phloem. Vascular tissue may be embedded in thin- or thick-walled sclerenchyma or in parenchyma. Metaxylem cells are always wider in terrestrial than in aerial roots of the same species. Pith cells are generally parenchymatous but sclerotic in a few species.
Neuroendocrine abnormalities in drug abusers and HIV-infected individuals: Cortisol response to cold pressor challenge

Although endocrine abnormalities have been reported in HIV-1 infection, the role of risk factors is not understood. Injecting drug use (IDU) is an important risk factor for contracting HIV-infection and studies suggest that substance use may also be associated with endocrine dysfunction. In order to investigate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity in this population, this study investigated cortisol response to the cold pressor challenge in IDUs with and without HIV infection. After controlling for the effects of gender, duration of marijuana use and time since the last use of heroin, the findings show that the pattern of cortisol response depended upon HIV serostatus. Cortisol levels peaked later in HIV+ IDUs and recovered at a slower rate than HIV negative IDUs. These findings support our hypothesis that dysregulation in HPA axis activity occurs in HIV infected IDUs.
Sliding Mode Control with State Derivative Output Feedback in Reciprocal State Space Form

This paper investigates the novel sliding mode control design with state derivative output feedback in nontraditional reciprocal state space (RSS) form. The concepts and the need of RSS form are comprehensively reviewed and explained. Novel switching function and approaching condition based on the derivative of sliding surface are introduced. In addition, a sufficient condition for finding the upper bound of system uncertainty to guarantee the stability in sliding surface is developed for robustness analysis. A compact sliding mode controller utilizing only state derivative related output feedback is proposed for systems with system uncertainty, matched input uncertainty, and matched external disturbance. Simulation results for a circuit system successfully verify the validities of the proposed algorithms. Our derivation is basically parallel to that for systems in standard state space form. Therefore, those who understand the concepts of sliding mode control can easily apply our method to handle more control problems without being involved in complex mathematics.
Comparative Study of Mucositis in Patients of Head and Neck Cancer Treated by External Radiotherapy with or Without Amifostine.

Head and neck malignancies constitute 5% of all cancers worldwide and they are more common in men than in women1, 2. More than 42.000 new cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma occur in the United States every year3. In Kuwait, they are also among the most common malignancies. Cancer of the head and neck region impairs many activities of daily life such as chewing, speaking and swallowing.
CANLite: Anomaly Detection in Controller Area Networks with Multitask Learning

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus has been a widely implemented standard for in-vehicle communication between vehicle subsystems. However, since CAN was never designed with a focus on security, attackers can exploit the lack of message authentication in CAN to inject crafted malicious payloads to disable critical systems onboard the vehicle. While previous works in literature focus on detecting deviations in the normal behavior of the bus, they merely focus on individual sensors. Hence they fail to identify stealthy attacks that do not cause individual sensors to deviate substantially from their expected behavior but still have a significant impact on the bus state. Further, such approaches often impose a computational strain on the deployed system due to the high magnitude of consumed resources at run-time. To this end, we propose CANLite, a lightweight anomaly detection system utilizing multitask learning to detect such subtle deviations while significantly reducing the memory footprint. We trained and evaluated our model against a state-of-the-art baseline approach. Our results indicate that CANLite reduces the memory footprint by 50% while still achieving the same level of detection performance as the baseline.
Role of lactic acid bacteria as a biopreservative agent of Talbina

Talbina is a mixture of barley flour and milk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of probiotic bacteria (L. gasseri, L. reuteri) compared to yoghurt starter bacteria (S. thermophilus and L. delbreukii sub sp. bulgaricus) as a biopreservative agent of Talbina samples. Shelf life of refrigerated Talbina processed by lower count (ratio 1:3 LAB : Talbina) of L. gasseri or L. reuteri increased and reached over 21 days at 6±2°C, compared to yoghurt starter bacteria which ranged between 6 and 14 days depending on the type of milk used. Storage temperatures are considered the main factors for biopreservation action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Increasing storage temperature to 12±2°C increased total fungal count and greatly changed fungal profile. It could be concluded that the potential of LAB to inhibit the growth of common food spoiling fungi opens up new perspectives for the bio-preservation of food products. (Amal S. Hathout, Soher E. Aly. Role of lactic acid bacteria as a biopreservative agent of Talbina. Journal of American Science 2010; 6 (12):889-898). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
Men Like Us, Boys Like Them

Football (or soccer) hooliganism is a complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic phenomenon that should be studied in its different social and historical contexts. Despite the vital importance of cultural, social, and historical specificity for fully grasping the nature and dynamics of spectator violence at football matches, some striking cross-national and cross-local similarities can be identified. Six fundamental features seem universal to the construction of “hooligan” identities: excitement and pleasurable emotional arousal, hard masculinity, territorial identifications, individual and collective management of reputation, a sense of solidarity and belonging, and representations of sovereignty and autonomy. The search for such commonalities allows researchers to develop an approach that transcends the isolated view of single manifestations of football hooliganism and identifies the features and mechanisms that are central to expressions of football-related violence.
Process and outcome: gender differences in the assessment of justice

Summary We studied the importance that women and men place on distributive and procedural justice. The relationship between distributive justice and several organizational outcomes (e.g. commitment, intent to stay) was stronger for men than women. The relationship between procedural justice and those same outcomes, however, was stronger among women than men. The relation of our findings in justice perceptions are related to other research on gender differences in interpersonal styles and perceptions. Future research ideas are discussed. 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elckerlyc goes mobile: enabling technology for ECAs in mobile applications

The fast growth of computational resources and speech technology available on mobile devices makes it pos- sible for users of these devices to interact with service sys- tems through natural dialogue. These systems are sometimes perceived as social agents and presented by means of an animated embodied conversational agent (ECA). To take the full advantage of the power of ECAs in service systems, it is important to support real-time, online and responsive interaction with the system through the ECA. The design of responsive animated conversational agents is a daunting task. Elckerlyc is a model-based platform for the specification and animation of synchronised multimodal responsive animated agents. This paper presents a new light-weight PictureEngine that allows this platform to embed an ECA in the user interface of mobile applications. The ECA can be specified by using the behavior markup language (BML). An application and user evaluations of Elckerlyc and the PictureEngine in a mobile embedded digital coach is presented.
Current Trends in the Production of Cellulose Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

The goal of this chapter is to review the most recent trends to produce cellulose nanoparticles and nanocomposites with biomedical applications. These particles could be named as bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, and cellulose nanocrystals. The production of these nanoparticles with diameters below 100 nm is challenging because of the strong agglomeration tendency which occur upon drying aqueous cellulose suspensions or during the compounding process with hydrophobic polymers. Typically, the physical and mechanical properties of these nanoparticles depend on the source of cellulose and the extraction process employed. Cellulose nanoparticles are obtained by mechanical, chemical, or enzymatic process treatments to open the structure of the cellulose source and facilitate accessibility to its micro‐ structure. Usually, a combination of these processes makes the extraction more efficient. On the other hand, cellulose and polymer nanocomposites are commonly produced by techniques such as solvent evaporation, melt compounding, compression molding, impregnation, and electrospinning. The most salient nanocellulose applications discussed in this chapter deal with the production of bandages, implants, skins replacements for burnings, face masks, artificial blood vessels, cuffs for nerve surgery, drug delivery, cell carriers, and support matrices for enzyme immobilization, and silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents in wound dressing.
Dehydration-avoidance responses of tepary bean lines differing in drought resistance

Summary Four tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lines were studied for the responses of the dry matter accumulation and partitioning, the growth characteristics of the root and the shoot genotypes, and the potential seed yield to drought. Comparatively, two lines were high (NE # 8A and NE # 19) and two lines (NE # 5 and NE # 7) were low in the seed yield under well-watered conditions. The two high yielding lines remained higher in the seed yield than the two low yielding lines under drought conditions. NE # 19 is characterized by a deep root penetration and a balanced root : shoot growth pattern, along with the greatest mass of root in the deepest soil profile. Its leaves exhibited sensitive stomates in response to drought stress. Except for having less depth of its root penetration, NE # 8A was very similar to NE # 19. NE # 8A showed less reduction than NE # 19 in the potential seed yield as affected by the water deficit. It appeared to use less soil water, suggesting operating sensitive stomates. However, the RWC of NE # 8A leaves showed more reduction than NE # 19 in response to the drought. NE # 19 could cope with more severe water stress due to its deeply penetrating root along with the sensitive stomates of the leaf genotype.
Gestation Effects on the Hematological and Biochemical Profile of Nubian Ibex (Capra Nubiana)

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of gestation periods on thehaematological and biochemical parameters in adult captive wild (Capra nubiana),a group of 21Nubian ibexwas selected for the study. the mean values of the different (RBC) and (WBC) showed significant changes during gestation. (RBC), (PCV) and (Hb) increased while total (WBC) and segmented neutrophils increased after the second gestation period in the second period. The numbers of total leucocytes and segmented neutrophilsincreased after the second period. The concentration of the (AST) was declined during progression of gestation, On the other hand the concentration of (ALT) was increased and arrived maximum concentration at second period of gestation.
Array analysis and precise source location of deep tremor in Cascadia

[1] We describe a new method to estimate the S-P time of tremor-like signals and its application to the nonvolcanic tremor recorded in July 2004 by three dense arrays in Cascadia. The cross correlation between vertical and horizontal components indicates that very often the high-amplitude tremor signal contains sequences of P and S waves characterized by constant S-P times (TS-P) in the range 3.5–7 s. A detailed observation of the three component seismograms stacked over the array stations confirms the presence of P and S wave sequences. The knowledge of the TS-P poses a strong constrain on the source-array distance, which dramatically reduces the uncertainty on source locations when used with more traditional array processing techniques. Data were analyzed using the zero lag cross-correlation technique (ZLCC) to estimate the propagation properties of the most correlated phases in the wavefield. Detailed polarization analyses were computed using the covariance matrix method in the time domain. Polarization parameters, joint with the results of ZLCC, allows for the discrimination between P and S coherent waves. Results show that the tremor wavefield is composed mostly by shear waves, although a consistent amount of coherent P waves is often observable. The comparison of the back azimuth at the three arrays indicate that the source of deep tremor migrates over a wide area, and often many independent sources located far from each other are active at the same time. The tremor source was located by a probabilistic method that uses the results of ZLCC, given a velocity model. When available, the inclusion of the TS-P time in the location procedure strongly reduces the depth range, with a distribution of hypocenters very near the subduction interface. This result, significantly different compared with previous less precise locations, makes the Cascadia nonvolcanic tremor more similar to the nonvolcanic tremor recorded in Japan, at least in cases of measurable TS-P. The polarization azimuth aligned with the slow slip direction and the source located on the plate interface indicate that deep tremor and slow slip are two different manifestations of a common phenomenon related with the subduction dynamics.
Tipping Points and the Accommodation of the Abuser: Ongoing Incestuous Abuse during Adulthood

Until recently the widespread reality of ongoing incestuous abuse during adulthood had attracted no systematic research. The scientific literature was limited to the occasional case study and brief anecdotal references. This minimal literature was supplemented by biographical works written by or about victims of this form of abuse, and by press reports. With the advent of the Josef Fritzl case there was a very marked increase in the press reporting of such abuse, which in turn provided a reference point for more fine-grained data collection and scientific reporting. This paper introduces the subject of prolonged incest via the lens of organised abuse, summarises research on incestuous abuse and draws on multiple clinical examples to elucidate the mechanisms by which such abuse merges with, or develops into, variations of organised abuse, including that centred on the family, on prostitution, or on that involving abuse networks. The abuse practices, the net-working, and the ploys used to avoid prosecution practiced by the father perpetrating ongoing incestuous abuse during adulthood have much in common with other variants of organised sexual abuse.
Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the myctophid Diaphus watasei Jordan & Starks, 1904 from the Arabian Sea

The edible portion of Diaphus watasei, a benthopelagic fish collected off Quilon, south-west coast of India was analysed for proximate composition and fatty acid profile. The fleshy part of the fish was found to contain 15.62% protein, 11.71% fat, 0.47% minerals, 0.28% soluble carbohydrate and 0.01% crude fibre. The dry matter in the fish was found to be about 28%. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to have the highest (36.7%) share among total fatty acids followed by saturated fatty acids (SFA) (33.3%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (25.5%). The abundant fatty acids were found to be oleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and palmitoleic acid. The most predominant fatty acid was recorded as oleic acid which contributed 32% to the total fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid formed the single largest component of PUFA (9.33%) followed by γ linolenic acid (3.97%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (3.83%). The ω-3 PUFA contributed about 70% of the total PUFAs. The most important ω-3 PUFAs were EPA and DHA that contributed 73% to the total u -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The final warming of the stratospheric polar vortex at the end of northern hemisphere winter is examined in ECMWF ERA ‐ Interim reanalysis

[1] The final warming of the stratospheric polar vortex at the end of northern hemisphere winter is examined in ECMWF ERA‐Interim reanalysis data and an ensemble of chemistry climate models, using 20 years of data from each. In some years the final warming is found to occur first in the mid‐stratosphere, and in others to occur first in the upper stratosphere. The strength of the winter stratospheric polar vortex, refraction of planetary waves, and the altitudes at which the planetary waves break in the northern extratropics lead to this difference in the vertical profile of the final warming. Years in which the final warming occurs first in themid‐stratosphere show, on average, amore negative NAOpattern in April mean sea level pressure than years in which the warming occurs first in the upper stratosphere. Thus, in the northern hemisphere, additional predictive skill of tropospheric climate in April can be gained from a knowledge of the vertical profile of the stratospheric final warming.
Marine snow, zooplankton and thin layers: indications of a trophic link from small-scale sampling with the Video Plankton Recorder

Marine aggregates of biogenic origin, known as marine snow, are considered to play a major role in the ocean's particle flux and may represent a concentrated food source for zoo- plankton. However, observing the marine snow−zooplankton interaction in the field is difficult since conventional net sampling does not collect marine snow quantitatively and cannot resolve so-called thin layers in which this interaction occurs. Hence, field evidence for the importance of the marine snow−zooplankton link is scarce. Here we employed a Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) to quantify small-scale (metres) vertical distribution patterns of fragile marine snow aggregates and zooplankton in the Baltic Sea during late spring 2002. By using this non-invasive optical sam- pling technique we recorded a peak in copepod abundance (ca. 18 ind. l −1 ) associated with a pro- nounced thin layer (50 to 55 m) of marine snow (maximum abundance of 28 particles l −1 ), a feature rarely resolved. We provide indirect evidence of copepods feeding on marine snow by computing a spatial overlap index that indicated a strong positively correlated distribution pattern within the thin layer. Furthermore we recorded images of copepods attached to aggregates and demonstrat- ing feeding behaviour, which also suggests a trophic interaction. Our observations highlight the potential significance of marine snow in marine ecosystems and its potential as a food resource for various trophic levels, from bacteria up to fish.
The Power of Many: An Assessment of Managing Internet Group Purchasing

This article introduces Internet group purchasing (IGP) as a novel e-commerce phenomenon. Drawing on collective cognition and other relevant theories, we investigate the management of IGP by analyzing the four stages of IGP: (1) information accumulation, (2) interaction, (3) examination, and (4) accommodation. Netnographic methods were employed to collect qualitative data from eleven online group purchasing websites selected from hundreds of possible study websites. Analysis of the four stages of IGP lends support to the group-level cognition theory and makes contributions to collective cognition theory, especially as how it can be applied to the e-commerce context. It also situates group purchasing within the phenomenon of social networking marketing and discusses the symbiosis between IGP and businesses goals. Findings can help e-commerce practitioners to better understand online consumers and the manner in which they organize Internet group purchasing using social media. The research also provides managerial implications and directions for future research.
Large scale , multi-fidelity , multi-physics , hybrid RANS-LES of an installed aeroengine

The aerodynamics and also noise produced by aeroengines is a critical topic in engine design. Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes-Large-Eddy Simulation (RANSLES), is used to investigate the influence of upstream internal geometry on jet flow and noise. The methods are validated using an isolated nozzle. Internal geometry is added using approximated Immersed Boundary Methods (IBMs) and Body Force Methods (BFMs) reducing grid complexity and cost. Installed coaxial nozzles including an intake, wing and flap and internally, the fan, outlet guide vanes (OGVs) and other large features are modelled. These large scale multi-fidelity, multi-physics calculations are shown to reveal substantial new aeroacoustic insights into an installed aeroengine. The turbulence generated internally introduces a complex unsteady nozzle exit flow. This accelerates inner shear layer development moving it one jet diameter upstream and reduces the potential core length by 5%. For the more intense outer shear layer, the effect appears secondary.