Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy in changing societies

their psychological and physical well-being (e.g. clinicians and researchers). These caveats notwithstanding, on balance, this text is a comprehensive and scholarly body of work that will be a valuable resource for an array of professionals including researchers, clinicians, teaching professors, and health care administrators. Overall, the authors do an excellent job of reviewing empirical studies and intervention strategies from diverse settings that are specific to adolescents from different minority groups. These reviews provide cogent discussions about an array of outcomes (e.g. cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, obesity, eating disorders, physical activity, and delinquent behavior). When data were available, information is presented on African American, Asian and Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and Native American samples. The reader is cautioned, however, not to view members of these ethnic groups as being homogenous with regard to the individual and sociocultural factors that may act individually or in concert to influence health outcomes. Toward this end, intra-ethnic group comparisons are also presented—data permitting. The chapter discussing psychological/social/cultural perspectives on health provides an excellent backdrop for the necessity of these group and sub-group comparisons. For example, the authors highlight how some groups/sub-groups of minorities are ‘especially disadvantaged’, whereas others are ‘relatively well off’. The authors do an excellent job of discussing the material in a way that goes beyond merely citing statistics and reviewing theoretical jargon. For example, some chapters include conceptual models which facilitate hypothesis generation and testing. Additionally, many of the chapters contain discussions which help the reader translate theories and empirical findings into practice. That is, the authors cover implications for clinicians which include concrete recommendations, as well as a review of research/intervention strategies that appear to be efficacious for given populations and those that do not appear to be as effective. The chapter covering multisystemic therapy is particularly noteworthy, given the authors’ step-by-step description of the initial assessment, treatment planning and delivery, and therapist characteristics. The authors also review four outcome studies using multisystemic therapy to address delinquent behavior, substance abuse/dependence, parent symptomalogy/monitoring, and family functioning. In summary, this text provides a broad and generally thorough review of developing theoretical and empirical knowledge about health behaviors of minority adolescents. The reader will find excellent discussions of the individual, familial, and sociocultural factors related to health behaviors and outcomes. The editors provide 14 chapters with stimulating insights into research and practice that will be of interest to professionals from various health-related disciplines.
Determinants of employee perception on financial well-being in Putrajaya

This study examines the relationship between financial stress, work environment, locus of control, financial behavior and financial well-being among public employees in Putrajaya. A survey was carried out to acquire data from 374 public employees using a self-administered online questionnaire, utilizing multistage random sampling. Results showed that financial stress (r= -0.643**, p< 0.01), work environment (r= 0.247**, p< 0.01), locus of control (r= 0.395**, p< 0.01) and financial behavior (r= 0.363**, p< 0.01) have significant relationship with financial well-being. It was discovered that respondents who were experiencing lower financial stress, have positive work environment, locus of control and financial behavior tend to have a better financial well-being. Financial stress (beta = -0.543, p< 0.01), work environment (beta = 0.080, p< 0.01), locus of control (beta = 0.132, p< 0.01) and financial behavior (beta = 0.244, p<0.01) have significant influence on respondents’ financial well-being. Based on the results, financial well-being can be enhanced through the decreased of the employees’ financial stress and increasing of their work environment, locus of control and financial behavior.
Crystal structure of 4,5-dibromophenanthrene

The molecule is positioned on a twofold rotation axis and the asymmetric unit consists of half a molecule with the other half being generated by symmetry. The presence of two large bromine atoms in the bay region significantly distorts the molecule from planarity. The molecules pack in layers in the crystal with slippage in the stacking arrangement. While all of the molecules within each layer are oriented in the same direction, those in adjacent layers are oriented in the opposite direction, leading to anti-parallel stacks.
Crowding, housing and health: An exploratory study of Australian cities

Australian capital cities are among the most expensive in the world, and the persistent shortage of affordable housing is a significant driver of housing overcrowding, particularly in the private rental sector. Health and wellbeing issues arise from closer contact between household members including increased spread of communicable infections, sleep disruption, lack of privacy and an inability to care adequately for sick household members. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent and the spatial distribution of overcrowding in the five largest cities in Australia – Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide, and consider its distribution in relation to socioeconomic disadvantage. The analysis begins by critically reviewing available standards for quantifying overcrowding – e.g. World Health Organisation, Eurostat, Canadian National Occupancy Standard for Housing Appropriateness and Proxy Occupancy Standards. Drawing from the above frameworks, the investigation extends to compute indicators of crowding using 2011 Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data. The chosen unit of analysis (i.e. SA2) enables local level geographies of overcrowding to be mapped within and across cities. We then compare incidence of overcrowding and the distribution of socio-economic disadvantage measured by SocioEconomic Index for Areas (SEIFA) the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD). Our findings indicate Sydney and Melbourne have the highest incidence of crowding in housing amongst the largest five cities, accounting to 26% and 17% of residents living in such dwellings respectively. We also find a strong overlap of geographies of overcrowding and socioeconomic disadvantage and, contrary to the conventional wisdom, overcrowding seems to be most evident in middle-city areas in all the cities investigated except for Adelaide. The geographical analysis thus generates policy-relevant spatial knowledge about the locations and extent of crowding in specific Australian cities.
Effects of the flavonoid casticin from Brazilian Croton betulaster in cerebral cortical progenitors in vitro: Direct and indirect action through astrocytes

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major constraint on the social and economic development of many countries. Evidence has suggested that phytochemicals have an impact on brain pathology; however, both their mechanisms of action and their cell targets are incompletely known. Here, we investigated the effects of the flavonoid casticin, extracted from Croton betulaster, a common plant in the state of Bahia in Brazil, on rat cerebral cortex neurons in vitro. Treatment of neural progenitors with 10 μM casticin increased the neuronal population positive for the neuronal marker β‐tubulin III and the neuronal transcriptional factor Tbr2 by approximately 20%. This event was followed by a 50% decrease in neuronal death. Pools of astrocyte (GFAP and S100β), neural (nestin), and oligodendrocyte (Olig2 and NG2) progenitors were not affected by casticin. Neither neuronal commitment nor proliferation of progenitors was affected by casticin, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of this compound. Culture of neural progenitors on casticin‐treated astrocyte monolayers increased the neuronal population by 40%. This effect was reproduced by conditioned medium derived from casticin‐treated astrocytes, suggesting the involvement of a soluble factor. ELISA assays of the conditioned medium revealed a 20% increase in interleukin‐6 level in response to casticin. In contrast to the direct effect, neuronal death was unaffected, but a 52% decrease in the death of nestin‐positive progenitors was observed. Together our data suggest that casticin influences the neuronal population by two mechanisms: 1) directly, by decreasing neuronal death, and 2) indirectly, via astrocytes, by modulating the pool of neuronal progenitors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dieselization in Sweden : blessing or curse?

In this paper we discuss, based on research on the external cost of air pollution, if diesel as a fuel in the transport sector should be encouraged or discouraged in Swedish environmental policy. There are two main reasons for posing this question. The first is the international context where the use of diesel is generally considered to be a bad, due to its negative health effects. The second is the Swedish context with an ambitious vision for a fossil free vehicle fleet in 2030 where the use of diesel produced from forestry residues could be part of the solution. In recent years the use of diesel cars has been encouraged by various policy measures, for example a subsidy based on assessments of emissions for CO2 per kilometer. Is this a policy that should be continued or abandoned? In this paper we focus on the health impacts and our conclusion is that dieselization is more a blessing than a curse. The reason is that Sweden is a sparsely populated country and therefore the health costs of emissions from road transport are low by international standards.
A combined finite volume–finite element scheme for the discretization of strongly nonlinear convection–diffusion–reaction problems on nonmatching grids

We propose and analyze in this paper a numerical scheme for nonlinear degenerate parabolic convection–diffusion–reaction equations in two or three space dimensions. We discretize the time evolution, convection, reaction, and source terms on a given grid, which can be nonmatching and can contain nonconvex elements, by means of the cell‐centered finite volume method. To discretize the diffusion term, we construct a conforming simplicial mesh with the vertices given by the original grid and use the conforming piecewise linear finite element method. In this way, the scheme is fully consistent and the discrete solution is naturally continuous across the interfaces between the subdomains with nonmatching grids, without introducing any supplementary equations and unknowns or using any interpolation at the interfaces. We allow for general inhomogeneous and anisotropic diffusion–dispersion tensors, propose two variants corresponding respectively to arithmetic and harmonic averaging, and use the local Péclet upstream weighting in order to only add the minimal numerical diffusion necessary to avoid spurious oscillations in the convection‐dominated case. The scheme is robust, efficient since it leads to positive definite matrices and one unknown per element, locally conservative, and satisfies the discrete maximum principle under the conditions on the simplicial mesh and the diffusion tensor usual in the finite element method. We prove its convergence using a priori estimates and the Kolmogorov relative compactness theorem and illustrate its behavior on a numerical experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Analgesic effects of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in procedural pain in healthy term neonates

Abstract Objectives: The effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact to decrease pain from heel-lancing in healthy term neonates and whether breastfeeding in addition to skin-to-skin contact provided a more effective analgesia than skin-to-skin contact alone were investigated. Methods: A randomised, controlled trial was conducted in 107 neonates undergoing heel-lance. Infants were randomly assigned to three groups: (i) being breastfed with skin-to-skin contact (group 1, n=35), (ii) being held in their mother's arms with skin-to-skin contact but no breastfeeding (group 2, n=36), or (iii) lying on the table before, during and after painful stimulus (group 3, n=36). Physiological responses to pain were measured by heart rate and oxygen saturation changes and behavioural responses were measured by duration of crying and grimacing. Results: Infants had a mean (SD) birthweight of 3355 (270) g and gestational age of 39.5 (0.6) weeks; at the time of the procedure, mean (SD) postnatal age was 33.1 (5) hours. There was no significant difference between the groups in clinical characteristics and time spent squeezing the heel. Heart rate, oxygen saturation changes and length of crying were significantly reduced in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 (p<0.001). No difference was found between group 1 and group 2. Grimacing was less in group 2 than in group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions: In healthy term neonates, skin-to-skin contact with the mother and breastfeeding with skin-to-skin contact reduce both physiological and behavioural pain response. Breastfeeding in the 1st 2 postnatal days with skin-to-skin contact did not increase the analgesic effect of skin-to-skin contact alone.
Communicating NEST Pensions for “New” DC Savers in the United Kingdom

All UK employers now offer a pension scheme including the use of automatic enrollment. More than 9 million people have started saving into a workplace pension as a consequence. NEST is a pension scheme that any employer can use to meet its auto enrollment obligations. It was set up to serve those traditionally poorly served by commercial pension provision. NEST is built around features tested and seen as important and motivating for potential members and employers, underpinned by extensive research with future members and analysis of feedback from existing customers. The communications approach had a major focus on providing reassurance that saving is a ? good? thing and NEST will look after one? s money.
A Novel Function of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Suppression of JNK Activity in Preventing Inflammation and Injury*

The mechanism underlying the protective effect of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in inflammatory injury is not clear. We demonstrated using SphK1-null mice (SphK1−/−) the crucial role of SphK1 in suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil oxidant production and sequestration in lungs and mitigating lung inflammatory injury. This effect of SphK1 was independent of the production of sphingosine 1-phosphate, the product of SphK1 activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of SphK1 in the lipopolysaccharide model was mediated through SphK1 interaction with JNK. SphK1 stabilization of JNK in turn inhibited JNK binding to the JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3) and thus abrogated the activation of NADPH oxidase and oxidant generation and resultant NF-κB activation. Therefore, SphK1-mediated down-regulation of JNK activity serves to dampen inflammation and tissue injury.
Spatial and temporal expression of histone demethylase, Kdm2a, during murine molar development

The histone demethylase, lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2A (Kdm2a), is highly conserved and expressed ubiquitously. Kdm2a can regulate cell proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental tissue. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry to detect Kdm2a expression during development of the murine molar at embryonic days E12, E14, E16 and E17 and postnatal days P3 and P14. Immunohistochemistry results showed no positive staining of Kdm2a at E12. At E14, Kdm2a was expressed weakly in the inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum cells and dental sac. At E16, Kdm2a was expressed mainly in the inner and outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium and dental sac, but weaker staining was found in cervical loop and dental papilla cells adjacent to the basement membrane. At E17, the strongest Kdm2a staining was detected in the ameloblasts and stronger Kdm2a staining also was detected in the stratum intermedium, outer enamel epithelium and dental papilla cells compared to the expression at E16. Postnatally, we found that Kdm2a was localized in secretory and mature ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and dentin was unstained. Real-time RT-PCR showed that Kdm2a mRNA levels in murine germ cells increased from E12 to E14 and from E14 to E16; no significant change occurred at E16, E17 or P3, then the levels decreased at P14 compared to P3. Kdm2a expression may be closely related to cell proliferation, to ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation and to the secretion of extracellular enamel and dentin during murine tooth development.
The epitope specificity of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by antibodies (HIT‐Abs) that bind to a complex of heparin and platelet factor 4. We investigated the epitope specificity of the HIT‐Abs, and found that the HIT‐Abs recognized solid‐phase immobilized complexes with an optimum ratio of four to eight molecules of PF4 per molecule of heparin. To try to define the epitopes within the PF4 molecule, intact and reduced (linearized) PF4 was tested against 29 different sera from patients with HIT. In addition, eight different peptides that spanned the PF4 molecule were studied for their ability to bind to the HIT‐Abs either alone or in the presence of heparin. With the exception of a subpopulation of patient samples (5/29, 17%), we found that reduced PF4 and the peptides were uniformly nonreactive with the HIT‐Abs in the presence of heparin. Reduced PF4 and PF4 carboxy‐terminal peptides with a minimum size of 19 amino acids were recognized by a minority (5/29) of HIT‐Abs samples but only when heparin was present. The specificity of this subgroup of samples from patients with HIT was highly restricted and the loss of one amino acid (peptide reduced in length from 19 to 18 amino acids) rendered the peptides non‐reactive. The clinical characteristics of these patients were similar to the other HIT patients.
On the Prevention of Avoidable Food Waste from Domestic Households

Unconsumed food impacts on the environment via the wasteful use of resources in its production and via its disposal. Householders would ideally only generate food waste that is not considered edible (unavoidable food waste) and the disposal of edible food (avoidable food waste) would be prevented, mitigating both the environmental impacts of food waste and reducing consumers’ wasted expenditure on uneaten food. This study aimed to elucidate if and how householders’ food waste behaviour might be changed via interventions in the form of a leaflet highlighting the impacts of avoidable food waste. The composition of avoidable food waste set out for kerbside collection was assessed in relation to interventions intended to reduce avoidable food waste and in relation to households’ economic status. Two parallel interventions were tested, setting out to householders the impacts of avoidable food waste on (1) the environment, and (2) personal finances. Avoidable food waste set out by affluent and low income households, considered in terms of total weight, life-cycle stage and product group, did not change significantly after delivery of either leaflet. Neither of the interventions tested had a discernible impact on the quantity and composition of avoidable food waste in these terms. We propose that initiatives to reduce food waste may be more successful if focused on positive actions to improve householders’ efficiency in their food use, directed by insight provided by analysis of avoidable food waste within product groups and in relation to life-cycle stage.
Validation of Replacement of the Synthetic Food Dye 'Sunset Yellow'-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Genotoxicity with the Nutraceutical 'Curcumin' in Mice

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding Author’s E-mail: mohesmael@lycos.com or mohesmael@hotmail.com The widespread use of colours in recent decades, especially the legitimate synthetic Azo dye Sunset Yellow (SY) as an additive to foods, beverages, drugs and cosmetics making them difficult to be indispensable to the modern day consumer. The current study is trying to find a safe alternative crucial colourant (from the aspects of morphological, behavioural, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity influences), by using a natural additive curcumin (CU). The study allocated thirty adult male mice into three groups, assigning as control ones, SYand CU-groups. The other two groups were fed orally with equivalent (Acceptable Daily Intake) ADI dosage of 30 or 37 mg of SY or CU /kg b.wt. / daily for 30 days, respectively. The results exhibited distinct signs of anorexia and markedly statistical significant decrease (p<0.05) in the percentage of body weights of mice together with hair loss, ulcerated or skin rashes post-SY gavage. The ultrastructural observations induced-SY group involved relatively drastic effects in the hepatocytes as manifested by fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and vacuolated mitochondria. Moreover, the SYgroup was recorded two main types of chromosomal aberrations, namely: structural (such as deletions/and or fragments, and ring chromosomes) and numerical ones (mainly represented by polyploidy) in a significantly increase (p<0.05), when encountered with controland CU-animals. The frequency of Mitotic Index (MI) of bone marrow cells scored in induced-SY mice a highly significant increase (p<0.0001). On contrary, CU-oral feeding revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MI. The micronucleated peripheral mature and immature erythrocytes of SY-group demonstrated a significant elevation (p<0.0001) in the frequency of micronucleus. This study concluded that the probability of replacement of the ingested synthetic sunset yellow with the nutraceutical curcumin as a food, beverage or drug colourant to avoid its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
The effects of website quality on customer satisfaction, use intention, and purchase intention: A comparison among three types of booking channels

There is no doubt that hotel distribution has changed dramatically since the advent of the Internet. Online travel agencies’ (OTAs) and hotel websites have risen to reach a broader range of customers to generate more revenue. The latest in a series of disruptive innovations brought by the Internet, is the sharing economy business. This new wave of peer-to-peer businesses allow customers to make money from underused assets. In the hospitality industry, Airbnb is the bestknown example of this phenomenon. The proliferation of online accommodation booking websites has created the need for measurement criteria to evaluate the quality of website. It is important for hoteliers, hosts, and website designers to understand and compare what components comprise website quality and how website quality influences customers’ purchase intention across three types of booking channels: OTA websites, hotel branded websites, and hospitality sharing economy platforms (HSEPs). This study identified what constituted website quality by regressing the perceived ease-of-use, information quality, privacy risk, and website aesthetics against overall website quality. This study also proposed a purchase intention model by adding customer satisfaction and use intention as two mediating variables. Results from 973 online survey responses revealed the conceptualization of website quality varied across three types of booking websites and highlighted the importance of website aesthetics. It was suggested OTA website quality was assessed based on customers’ experience in the information search process, while hotel website quality was evaluated with a focus on the technical adequacy. In the HSEP setting, it was noted that aesthetics was viewed as high-quality. Additionally, this study confirmed the inter-relationships among website quality, customer