Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partnering in a Haze: Interdependence Misspecification and Firm Performance in Strategic Alliances

We examine the implications for firm performance of managers having only a partial understanding of the true nature of their inter-firm interdependence. While operating with such ex-ante uncertainty regarding inter-firm interdependency is common when selecting an approach to governing an alliance relationship, the literature offers limited guidance as to the performance implications of such "misspecifications. " We employ an agent-based simulation to model inter-firm decision making in a context where firms have either under- or over-specified views of their inter-firm interdependencies. Consistent with intuition, firm performance declines with interdependence misspecifications. We find, however, interesting variation in this effect across alternate governance modes and across levels of actual interdependency. We also find that interdependence misspecifications have differing effects on exploration and coordination, leading to tradeoffs between performance and other alliance objectives.
Ring-beam driven maser instability for quasiperpendicular shocks

The cyclotron maser instability is a well-known radiation emission mechanism responsible for radio emissions in magnetized planets and for laboratory microwave generation devices. The present paper discusses mechanisms and properties of cyclotron maser instability driven by a ring-beam distribution of energetic electrons with application to the quasiperpendicular collisionless shock. It is shown that the fast extraordinary and ordinary electromagnetic waves as well as slow upper-hybrid Z-mode are excited over a wide range of physical parameters. The implications of the present findings for actual applications including the coronal type II radio source are also discussed.
Polygon formation and surface flow on a rotating fluid surface

We present a study of polygons forming on the free surface of a water flow confined to a stationary cylinder and driven by a rotating bottom plate as described by Jansson et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 96, 2006, 174502). In particular, we study the case of a triangular structure, either completely ‘wet’ or with a ‘dry’ centre. For the dry structures, we present measurements of the surface shapes and the process of formation. We show experimental evidence that the formation can take place as a two-stage process: first the system approaches an almost stable rotationally symmetric state and from there the symmetry breaking proceeds like a low-dimensional linear instability. We show that the circular state and the unstable manifold connecting it with the polygon solution are universal in the sense that very different initial conditions lead to the same circular state and unstable manifold. For a wet triangle, we measure the surface flows by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and show that there are three vortices present, but that the strength of these vortices is far too weak to account for the rotation velocity of the polygon. We show that partial blocking of the surface flow destroys the polygons and re-establishes the rotational symmetry. For the rotationally symmetric state our theoretical analysis of the surface flow shows that it consists of two distinct regions: an inner, rigidly rotating centre and an outer annulus, where the surface flow is that of a point vortex with a weak secondary flow. This prediction is consistent with the experimentally determined surface flow.
Detecting transit signatures of exoplanetary rings using SOAP3.0

CONTEXT. It is theoretically possible for rings to have formed around extrasolar planets in a similar way to that in which they formed around the giant planets in our solar system. However, no such rings have been detected to date. AIMS: We aim to test the possibility of detecting rings around exoplanets by investigating the photometric and spectroscopic ring signatures in high-precision transit signals. METHODS: The photometric and spectroscopic transit signals of a ringed planet is expected to show deviations from that of a spherical planet. We used these deviations to quantify the detectability of rings. We present SOAP3.0 which is a numerical tool to simulate ringed planet transits and measure ring detectability based on amplitudes of the residuals between the ringed planet signal and best fit ringless model. RESULTS: We find that it is possible to detect the photometric and spectroscopic signature of near edge-on rings especially around planets with high impact parameter. Time resolution $\leq$ 7 mins is required for the photometric detection, while 15 mins is sufficient for the spectroscopic detection. We also show that future instruments like CHEOPS and ESPRESSO, with precisions that allow ring signatures to be well above their noise-level, present good prospects for detecting rings.
Adaptive parental effects: the importance of estimating environmental predictability and offspring fitness appropriately

Anticipatory parental effects (APE's) occur when parents adjust the phenotype of their offspring to match the local environment, so as to increase the fitness of both parents and offspring. APE's, as in the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity more generally, are predicated on the idea that the parental environment is a reliable predictor of the offspring environment. Most studies on APE's fail to explicitly consider environmental predictability so risk searching for APE's under circumstances where they are unlikely to occur. This failure is perhaps one of the major reasons for mixed evidence for APE's in a recent meta-analysis. Here, we highlight some often-overlooked assumptions in studies of APE's and provide a framework for identifying and testing APE's. Our review highlights the importance of measuring environmental predictability, outlines the minimal requirements for experimental designs, explains the important differences between relative and absolute measures of offspring fitness, and highlights some potential issues in assigning components of offspring fitness to parental fitness. Our recommendations should result in more targeted and effective tests of APE's. Synthesis A decent set of theory is available to understand when certain kinds of parental effects might act to increase parental fitness (i.e. be ‘adaptive’). This theory could be better incorporated into empirical studies on anticipatory parental effects (APE's). Here, we provide practical advice for how empirical studies can more closely align with the theoretical underpinnings of adaptive parental effects. In short, robust inferences on APE's require quantitative estimates of environmental predictability in the field over the space and time scales relevant to the life history of the study organism as well as an understanding of when to use absolute or relative offspring fitness.
Green’s function, harmonic transplantation, and best Sobolev constant in spaces of constant curvature

Ass rRAc T . We extend the method of harmonic transplantation ft om Euclidean domains to spaces of constant positive or negative curvature. To this end the structure of the Green's function of the corresponding LaplaceBeltrami operator is investigated. By means of isoperimetric inequalities we derive complementary estimates for its distribution function. We apply the method of harmonic transplantation to the question of whether the best Sobolev constant for the critical exponent is attained, i.e. whether there is an extremal function for the best Sobolev constant in spaces of constant curvature. A fairly complete answer is given, based on a concentration-compactness argument and a Pohozaev identity. The result depends on the curvature.
PLASMONS DISPERSION RELATION IN LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS AT FINITE TEMPERATURES

The electronic excitation spectrum for layered conductors has been studied within the random phase approximation (RPA). The plasmon dispersion relation of the layered system at T = 0 has been reported and discussed in earlier works. In this paper we report the effect of the temperature dependence and the inclusion of the leading higher order in wave vector q on the dispersion relation. We show that at low temperature limit the slope of the acoustic plasmon increases significantly due to the inclusion of the higher order in q while the thermal enhancement is nearly negligible. For a high temperature limit the plasmon dispersion relation is shown to be valid only in a very narrow range of the wave vector near zero and agrees quite well with the known classical limit of a two dimensional (2D) system.
Plan Repair Using Unmodified Planning Systems

To make planning feasible, planning models abstract from many details of the modeled system. When executing plans in the actual system, the model might be inaccurate in a critical point, and plan execution may fail. There are two options to handle this case: the previous solution can be modified to address the failure (plan repair), or the planning process can be re-started from the new situation (re-planning). In HTN planning, discarding the plan and generating a new one from the novel situation is not easily possible, because the HTN solution criteria make it necessary to take already executed actions into account. Therefore all approaches to repair plans in the literature are based on specialized algorithms. In this paper, we discuss the problem in detail and introduce a novel approach that makes it possible to use unchanged, offthe-shelf HTN planning systems to repair broken HTN plans. That way, no specialized solvers are needed.
Cytochemistry and polarization microscopy of amphibian sperm cell nuclei presumed to differ in basic protein composition

The pattern of availability of free DNA phosphates, and the kind of DNA-protein complex arrangement, both induced by nuclear basic proteins, and the richness in arginine residues in these proteins were investigated cytochemically and cytophysically in spermatozoa of the South-American Hylidae species, Hyla fuscovaria and Hyla biobeba. The aim was to demonstrate differences at the level of sperm histones in two species of Hyla until recently considered to be congeneric. The results indicated differences in the spermatozoal nuclear basic proteins and DNA-protein complexes when the two species were compared. The spermatozoa of Hyla biobeba were assumed to be likely to contain a Bloch's •gtype 3•h protein type (intermediate sperm basic protein), similarly to Hyla species of North and Central America. On the other hand, the data obtained for the spermatozoa of Hyla fuscovaria indicated that they contain a protamine or protamine-like protein, differing from Hyla biobeba and Hyla species of North and Central America. It is suggested that the differences reported here may be genusspecific, since Hyla fuscovaria has recently been reclassified as Scinax fuscovaria based on parameters other than sperm histone types. These findings are in agreement with the general view of a wide variability in sperm nuclear proteins in the Anura group.
Revealing Stereotypes: Evidence from Immigrants in Schools

If individuals become aware of their stereotypes, do they change their behavior? We study this question in the context of teachers' bias in grading immigrants and native children in middle schools. Teachers give lower grades to immigrant students compared to natives who have the same performance on standardized, blindly-graded tests. We then relate differences in grading to teachers' stereotypes, elicited through an Implicit Association Test (IAT). We find that math teachers with stronger stereotypes give lower grades to immigrants compared to natives with the same performance. Literature teachers do not differentially grade immigrants based on their own stereotypes. Finally, we share teachers' own IAT score with them, randomizing the timing of disclosure around the date on which they assign term grades. All teachers informed of their stereotypes before term grading increase grades assigned to immigrants. Revealing stereotypes may be a powerful intervention to decrease discrimination, but it may also induce a reaction from individuals who were not acting in a biased way.
Financial liberalization and economic growth

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether countries benefit from capital account liberalization in more democratic contexts. Design/methodology/approach - – The authors used the follow methodologies in this paper: Pooled OLS, panel data with fixed effects and generalized method of moments. The empirical exercises were conducted for both a large sample and a smaller group of developing countries. Given the characteristics of the variables used in the standard model, the main conclusions were obtained from an estimation that took into account the presence of fixed effects and endogeneity. Findings - – Considering a sample of 77 countries, the authors were able to ascertain that capital account openness has a positive effect on economic growth only in highly democratic countries. When the same estimates are carried out with a more restricted sample, composed of 50 developing countries, the results are more pessimistic. In this case, capital account openness has a negative and significant effect, although being more democratic is not sufficient in itself to reap the benefits of financial integration. Research limitations/implications - – The results obtained in this paper are limited to the number of observations and the period analysed. Furthermore, the conclusions need to be confirmed by a test of robustness, which should be conducted in future works; such works could make use of other democracy indicators and other instruments. Originality/value - – The innovation of the work, in comparison to those the authors consulted, resides in its testing, through an interactive variable, whether the effect of capital openness on economic growth depends on level of democracy.
Nauplii and copepodids of the cyclopoid copepod Dioithona oculata (Farran, 1913) (Oithonidae) from a mangrove cay in Belize

—Som\\e^, appendage segments and armament elements of 6 naupliar and 6 copepodid stages are described for Dioithona oculata (Farran, 1913) from Belize. Dioithona oculata were cultured on Isochrysis galbana from egg through naupliar stage 5 with some individuals growing as far as copepodid stage 3; copepodid stages were collected from daytime swarms. At 31°C, development time from 50% Nl to 50% N5 was 3.8 days. New information about morphological development is described for appendage segments and armament elements. Modified setae are present only on copepodids and are found on exopods of the mandible and maxillule, the endopod of swimming leg 4, and on the caudal ramus. The naupliar antennule is 2-segmented and the number of setae on this appendage is reduced from nauplius 6 to copepodid I. Development of ramal segments for swimming legs follows the common pattern for copepods with identical patterns for legs 1 and 2. The pattern of addition of setae and spines is identical for swimming legs 2 and 3. A study of formation homology for swimming leg 3 suggests that new segments form proximally to the distal-most segment of each ramus; new armament elements usually appear first at the proximal edge of the distal-most segment and subsequently become incorporated onto the next newly formed segment at the next molt. Oithonid copepods are among the numerically dominant copepod species in many estuarine, coastal, and oceanic ecosystems (Marshall 1949, Marlowe & Miller 1975, Peterson et al. 1979, Lonsdale 1981, Turner & Dagg 1983, Ambler et al. 1985, Roman etal. 1985, Paffenhoferet al. 1987). Some developmental stages of oithonid species have been described for nine species belonging to Oithona and one species of Dioithona (Table 1). No descriptions are available for the remaining oithonid genera, Paroithona and Limnoithona. From our studies of swarms of D. oculata, we describe changes in the exoskeletal morphology for all naupliar and copepodid stages, present molting rates for naupliar stages, compare our findings to developmental information known for other cyclopoid copepods, and discuss homologies of several appendages and their armament. Dioithona oculata is a tropical cyclopoid copepod with a circumglobal distribution in neritic areas (Nishida 1985). During the day, D. oculata often forms swarms, composed of copepodid stages, in coral reef and mangrove habitats (Emery 1968, Hamner & Cariton 1979, Ueda et al. 1983, Ambler et al. 1991). Along mangrove shores of cays off Belize, swarms of D. oculata among mangrove roots disperse at sunset to open water 3-5 m away, adjacent to shore. Before dawn the copepodids move back under the mangroves to form swarms during the day (Ambler et al. 1991). Females produce egg sacs at night, and approximately 24 hours later, nauplii hatch to join the plankton in the water adjacent to the mangroves (Am-
Obesity‐induced reduction of adipose eosinophils is reversed with low‐calorie dietary intervention

While many studies have characterized the inflammatory disposition of adipose tissue (AT) during obesity, far fewer have dissected how such inflammation resolves during the process of physiological weight loss. In addition, new immune cells, such as the eosinophil, have been discovered as part of the AT immune cell repertoire. We have therefore characterized how AT eosinophils, associated eosinophilic inflammation, and remodeling processes, fluctuate during a dietary intervention in obese mice. Similar to previous reports, we found that obesity induced by high‐fat diet feeding reduced the AT eosinophil content. However, upon switching obese mice to a low fat diet, AT eosinophils were restored to lean levels as mice reached the body weight of controls. The rise in AT eosinophils during dietary weight loss was accompanied by reduced macrophage content and inflammatory expression, upregulated tissue remodeling factors, and a more uniformly distributed AT vascular network. Additionally, we show that eosinophils of another metabolically relevant tissue, the liver, did not oscillate with either dietary weight gain or weight loss. This study shows that eosinophil content is differentially regulated among tissues during the onset and resolution of obesity. Furthermore, AT eosinophils correlated with AT remodeling processes during weight loss and thus may play a role in reestablishing AT homeostasis.
Effect of Vapor Heat Treatment on the Mortality of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the Quality of Mango CV. Arumanis

Arumanis is a superior export variety mango from Indonesia. One inhibiting factor on the production of this fruit variety is the infestation of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit fly. Vapor heat treatment was recommended by ISPM No. 28 of 2007 as an effective treatment in eradicating fruit flies. This research was aimed to find out the optimum temperature and the duration of vapor heat treatment on the mortality of egg and larvae of B. dorsalis. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Vapor Heat Treatment, BBPOPT, Jatisari, from October 2016 to January 2017. The observed parameters were temperature, duration of treatment, mortality of egg and larvae of fruit fly, and fruit quality. The results showed that vapor heat treatment at 47°C for 40 minutes (min) was effective to reduce the number of eggs and larvae of B. dorsalis and had no negative impact on the fruit quality. Intisari Buah mangga varietas Arumanis merupakan varietas mangga ekspor unggulan Indonesia. Salah satu faktor pembatas produksi buah mangga varietas Arumanis adalah lalat buah B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Perlakuan uap panas direkomendasikan oleh ISPM Nomor 28 tahun 2007 sebagai tindakan perlakuan yang efektif dalam mengeradikasi lalat buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan waktu optimum perlakuan uap panas terhadap mortalitas telur dan larva B. dorsalis pada buah mangga varietas Arumanis tanpa merusak kualitas buah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Vapor Heat Treatment, BBPOPT, Jatisari, pada Oktober 2016 sampai dengan Januari 2017. Parameter yang diamati adalah suhu, lamanya waktu perlakuan, mortalitas telur dan larva lalat buah, dan kualitas buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan uap panas pada suhu 47°C selama 40 menit terbukti efektif membunuh telur dan larva B. dorsalis dan tidak berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas buah.
Monotonicity-based Inversion of the Fractional Schrödinger Equation I. Positive Potentials

We consider the inverse problems of for the fractional Schr\"odinger equation by using monotonicity formulas. We provide if-and-only-if monotonicity relations between positive bounded potentials and their associated nonlocal Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps. Based on the monotonicity relation, we can prove uniqueness for the nonlocal Calder\'on problem in a constructive manner. Secondly, we offer a reconstruction method for an unknown obstacles in a given domain. Our method is independent of the dimension $n\geq 2$ and only requires the background solution of the fractional Schr\"odinger equation.
Associated costs and benefits of a defended phenotype across multiple environments

Summary 1. Many organisms respond to threats such as stress and predation by expressing a defended phenotype (phenotypic plasticity) or inducing the expression of a defended phenotype in offspring (transgenerational phenotypic plasticity). While defended phenotypes can increase resistance to a predator or stress, in the absence of the inducing agent defended phenotypes often have poorer performance. Producing a defended phenotype unnecessarily has been termed a phenotype-environment mismatch. 2. Most studies have focused on the benefits of a defended phenotype along a single environmental gradient (i.e. the presence/absence of the inducing agent) but in nature, organisms must face conditions that vary across a number of environmental gradients simultaneously. By focusing on the costs and benefits of a defended phenotype in a single dimension alone we risk underestimating the strength and likelihood of phenotype-environment mismatches. 3. For the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina, we examined the performance of individuals with an induced, defended phenotype (pollution resistance) relative to individuals with an undefended phenotype across a number of different environments. We found that individuals with the defended phenotype were more sensitive to osmotic stress, but surprisingly, were less susceptible to predation than individuals with the undefended phenotype. 4. Our findings suggest that the costs and benefits associated with expressing a defended phenotype are more complex than previously realized because the full consequences of induced phenotypes are only unmasked when performance in multiple environments is examined.