Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of motor skill performance on selected playing surfaces among field hockey players

The main purpose of the study was to compare the motor skill performance on selected playing surfaces among field hockey players. Twenty male students, studying in bachelors and masters of physical education at Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education were selected as subjects for this study. The age groups of the subjects were ranged from 18 to 25 years. Harban’s Singh Dribbling and Hitting & D.K Dureha Dribbling and Goal Shooting Hockey Skill Tests were chosen to measure the hockey skill performance. In the present study the above mentioned tests were adopted as criterion measures of hockey skill performance i.e. Dribbling and Hitting & Dibbling and Goal Shooting. The data was collected by administering the Harban’s Singh and D.K Dureha Hockey Skill Tests. Paired t-test was employed to analyze the effect of different playing surfaces on hockey skill ability of hockey players. By using paired t-test it was found that there was no significant difference within the skill ability of hockey players in terms of dribbling and hitting & dribbling and goal shooting when tested on natural grass surface, and artificial turf surfaces.
Agricultural Academy INFLUENCE OF WPC 80 ADDITION ON COLOUR , DROPLET SIZE AND STORAGE STABILITY OF W / O EMULSIONS

TABASZEWSKA, M. and D. NAJGEBAUER-LEJKO, 2016. Infl uence of WPC 80 addition on colour, droplet size and storage stability of W/O emulsions. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 22: 1021–1026 Whey proteins are characterized with ability to form and stabilize foams and emulsions. The size and distribution of the dispersed droplets signifi cantly affect the stability and colour refl ectance ability (colour parameters) of the emulsion. The W/O (water-in-oil) emulsions with different concentrations of WPC 80 (whey protein concentrate with 80% protein), i.e., 0; 1.5; 5; 10; 15% were produced and analysed. The emulsions differed regarding colour parameters, the preparations with higher protein supplementations were darker, more red and yellow and their colour was more saturated. The size of the dispersed phase droplets was not affected up to 10% WPC 80 additive, whereas at higher protein concentrations they were signifi cantly larger. No signifi cant changes of the droplet size in the dispersed phase and of the quality of added whey proteins were observed throughout the experiment duration.
Limits on pair production and multizone Comptonization: the broad-band X/γ-ray spectrum of XTE J1550-564 revisited

At high luminosities black hole binaries show spectra with a strong disc component accompanied by an equally strong tail where at least some of the electrons are non-thermal. We reanalyse the simultaneous ASCA–RXTE–OSSE data from the 1998 outburst of XTE J1550–564, which span 0.7–1000 keV and remain the best data available of a black hole binary in this state. We reassess the importance of electron–positron pair production using a realistically high value of the source compactness for the first time. The lack of an observable annihilation line together with the observed γ-ray flux beyond 511 keV constrains the maximum electron Lorentz factor to be ≤10, and the slope of the injected electrons to ≤2.5. We also use the fast (10–50 Hz) variability spectrum to constrain the spatial dependence of the electron heating and acceleration. We find that the spectrum of the fast variability is consistent with being fully thermal, so that the observed non-thermal emission is produced from further out in the flow.
A characterization of regularity in topology

We show in this paper that a topological space satisfies T3 (which we do not intend to imply T2) if and only if convergence of filters is a continuous relation. In particular, a Hausdorff space is regular if and only if convergence of filters is a continuous mapping. We propose a new, categorically motivated, definition of continuous relations between topological spaces, and we compare it with two existing continuity concepts for relations. Let (E, r) be a topological space. We denote by E* the set of all filters on E which converge forr to some point of E. For X CE, we put X* = {spCE* :X9p }j. Then 0* = 0 for the empty set, and (X C Y)* = X* C Y*, x E X* XxE X, for subsets X, Yof E, x(=E, and x= {XCE: xEX}. We regard convergence of filters for r as a relation q:E*--+E, writing sp q x if so converges to x. This relation is a mapping if and only if (E, r) is a Hausdorff space. For XCE, we have q(X*) = X, the closure of X for r. It seems natural to impose a topology on E* by using the sets U*, with U open for r, as a basis of open sets. The preceding paragraph shows that this works, and we denote the topology of E* thus defined by r*. With this notation, we state the following theorem. THEOREM 1. A Hausdorff space (E, r) is regular if and only if convergence of filters on Efor r defines a continuous map q: (E*,r *)? -+(E, r). Instead of proving Theorem 1 directly, we generalize it. Theorem 1 is an immediate corollary of Theorem 3 below. We need some definitions. Let r:E--F be a relation between two sets. For XCE and YCF, we put y Er(X) if y E Fand x r y for some x(c X, and x(c r-'(Y) if x (E and x r y for some y E Y. One sees easily that r(X) nIf = 0 X X n r-'(Y) = 0. If E and F are topological spaces, then r is called upper semicontinuous Received by the editors June 12, 1970 and, in revised form, October 15, 1970. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 54D10; Secondary 18B10, 54C05.
Unravelling Bihar's 'Growth Miracle'

It has now become almost conventional wisdom that Bihar under the National Democratic Alliance government has moved onto a new and higher growth path. An examination of the Central Statistical Organisation data for the decade since 1999-2000, however, reveals a cyclical move towards a higher growth continuum rather than any structural break under the nda government. The recent growth path represents the resumption of a long, fluctuating and volatile movement towards a trade-led higher growth continuum that had started in 1994-95 but was interrupted by the impact of bifurcation of Bihar in 2001. A preliminary proposition is that the process of movement to a higher growth continuum since 1994-95 in Bihar follows from the diversified patterns of accumulation through the agency of new entrants to accumulation as an outcome of the social justice movement in Bihar. The evidence presented here belies the propositions around a “growth miracle” under the nda government and indicates a politically fractious movement of Bihar’s economy since bifurcation to a volatile higher growth continuum that is lopsided in three dimensions – regional, sectoral and social.
On Sums of Products of Horadam Numbers

In this paper we give formulae for sums of products of two Horadam type generalized Fibonacci numbers with the same recurrence equation and with possibly different initial conditions. Analogous improved alternating sums are also studied as well as various derived sums when terms are multiplied either by binomial coefficients or by members of the sequence of natural numbers. These formulae are related to the recent work of Belbachir and Bencherif, erin and erin and Gianella.
Plant Migration and Climate Change A more realistic portrait of plant migration is essential to predicting biological responses to global warming in a world drastically altered by human activity

Terrestrial plants are notorious for their sedentary habits; indeed, that is one way our ambulatory species identifies them as members of the other kingdom. Of course, populations of plants do move, infiltrating new territory by creep of root and shower of seed. But how much does our self-absorbed species really know about these stately migrations? Do scientists know enough, for instance, to predict what would happen to plant communities if the earth's climate suddenly changed? We seem to believe that we do. Forecasts of global warming are often illustrated with maps showing the poleward movement of plant species, as though the biosphere were made up of puzzle pieces that could be rearranged at will. In reality, it may take plant populations years or decades to move substantial distances. Moreover, today they must move through a landscape that human activity has rendered increasingly impassable. Under the circumstances, it is possible that many species might perish, caught in the double bind of climate change and habitat degradation. To reliably assess this risk, we need a better understanding of plant migration. The interdisciplinary research required to predict how migration might constrain the response of the plant kingdom to climate shifts is just beginning. The evidence consists of diverse pieces. Some scientists have examined the fossil record of plant migrations following ancient climatic upheavals. Others have studied
Abundances of planetary nebulae NGC 7662 and NGC 6741

The ISO and IUE spectra of the elliptical nebulae NGC7662 and NGC6741 are presented. These spectra are combined with the spectra in the visual wavelength region to obtain a complete, extinction corrected, spectrum. The chemical composition of the nebulae is then calculated and compared to previous determinations. The abundances found are compared to determinations made in other nebulae using ISO data. A discussion is given to see if possible evolutionary effects can be found from the abundance differences.
Competitive colonization of wheat straw by Trichoderma species and Sclerotium rolfsii.

Trichoderma harzianum and T. pseudokoningii inhibited the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii In vitro and produced coiling around mycelium of S. rolfsii resulting in lysis of hyphae. Trichoderma polysporum and T. virens also inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii but there was no coiling around its mycelium. In vitro interactions of S. rolfsii with microbial antagonists in dual culture assay corroborate well with competitive colonization of wheat straw by Trichoderma spp. , and Sclerotium rolfsii. Trichoderma spp. , colonized the straw more rapidly than S. rolfsii, over grew the straw pieces colonized by S. rolfsii and gradually eliminated the pathogen from the straw pieces.
Detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from the distant blazar 1ES 1101-232 with HESS and broadband characterisation

The blazar 1ES 1101-232 was observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (ACT) in 2004 and 2005, for a live time of 43 hours. VHE (E > 10^11 eV) gamma-rays were detected for the first time from this object. VHE observations of blazars are used to investigate the inner parts of the blazar jets, and also to study the extragalactic background light (EBL) in the near-infrared band. Observations in 2005 were conducted in a multiwavelength campaign, together with the RXTE satellite and optical observations. In 2004, simultaneous observations with XMM-Newton were obtained. 1ES 1101-232 was detected with H.E. S.S. with an excess of 722 photons, at a significance of 12 sigma. The measured VHE gamma-ray flux amounts to dN/dE = (5.63 +- 0.89) x 10^-13 (E/TeV)^-(2.94 +- 0.20) cm^-2 s^-1 TeV^-1, above a spectral energy threshold of 225 GeV. No significant variation of the VHE gamma-ray flux on any time scale was found. 1ES 1101-232 exhibits a very hard spectrum, and at a redshift of z=0.186, is the blazar with the highest confirmed redshift detected in VHE gamma-rays so far. The data allow the construction of truly simultaneous spectral energy distributions of the source, from the optical to the VHE band. Using an EBL model with \nu F_\nu = 14 nW m^-2 sr^-1 at 1.5 \mu m as presented in Aharonian et al. (Nature, 2006, 440, 1018) suggests an intrinsic VHE power output peak of the source at above 3 TeV.
The Optimal Time of Day for Training during Ramadan: A Review Study

Literature concerning the effects of Ramadan fasting on sports performance presents conflicting results. In this context, some studies reported a significant impairment of sports performance during the month of Ramadan. However, other studies suggested that Ramadan fasting has no significant effect on physical performance. The discrepancies between the studies could be explained by time-of-day variations in testing. In this regard, recent studies reported that Ramadan negatively affects the afternoon sports performance; however, the morning and the evening (after breaking the fast) performances were not affected by fasting. This suggests that the optimal time of day for training during Ramadan is the morning or the evening. Therefore, coaches should schedule the training sessions in the morning or evening during the month of Ramadan. However, further studies should investigate the effect of training at a specific time of day on sports performance during Ramadan.
THE IMPLICIT PREFERENCE INFORMATION

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents optimize only the features specified in a reward function and are indifferent to anything left out inadvertently. This means that we must not only specify what to do, but also the much larger space of what not to do. It is easy to forget these preferences, since these preferences are already satisfied in our environment. This motivates our key insight: when a robot is deployed in an environment that humans act in, the state of the environment is already optimized for what humans want. We can therefore use this implicit preference information from the state to fill in the blanks. We develop an algorithm based on Maximum Causal Entropy IRL and use it to evaluate the idea in a suite of proof-of-concept environments designed to show its properties. We find that information from the initial state can be used to infer both side effects that should be avoided as well as preferences for how the environment should be organized.
A comparison of the performance under field conditions of woolled and mutton sheep flocks in a low rainfall region of South Africa

This paper investigated the relative financial performance of woolled and mutton sheep and the determinants of woolled sheep ownership for 34 full-time sheep farms in Laingsburg South Africa, where rainfall is only 128 millimetres per annum. A comparison of fourteen woolled sheep flocks and eight similar sized mutton flocks revealed 1) a slightly but insignificantly higher unit production cost for wool producers, 2) a 21% but insignificantly higher net farm income per breeding ewe for woolled sheep, 3) a significantly lower tagging percentage for woolled sheep and 4) a significantly lower predation percentage for woolled sheep. The percentage of woolled sheep in the flock was a logit function of farm size, size of the irrigated (crop) area, tradition and terrain ruggedness, although the latter was not significant. Farmers in extensive grazing areas should take notice of woolled sheep’s ability to compete and the wool industry should pay attention to further improving the reproductive performance of this sheep type. The finding of woolled sheep’s apparent lower susceptibility to predators deserves further study as it could become a strong argument for why farmers ought to switch (back) to woolled sheep.
Environmental assessment of ground water pollution by heavy metals and bioaccumulation of mercury residues in chicken tissues

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of heavy metals in well water and bioaccumulation of the most abundant metals in chicken tissues in some areas in the province of Mecca Almokaramah, Saudi Arabia. Among the heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cr, Mn, Cu Hg, Pb and Ni) studied, mercury (Hg) revealed highest in concentration in well waters. The concentration of mercury in ground water, beside in liver, kidney, muscle and blood samples of 10 chickens from each of four poultry- production farms were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The present results showed that the kidney followed by liver are the organs with the highest bioaccumulation of mercury in all farm samples. The level of mercury in ground water was 7.06 μg/L. There is no doubt that the relationship between mercury accumulation levels in kidney and those in liver tissues were proportionally correlated and altered with elevation in antioxidant enzyme activities such as serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT). These elevated enzymatic activities were induced by the level of toxicity. There was a significant elevation in the level of liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), while the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) were significantly decreased. Biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. Key words : Environmental toxicology, ground water, heavy metals, mercury, bioaccumulation- chicken histopathology.
Optimization of Process Variables for the Development of Flaxseed andDefatted Flaxseed Based Pasta

The present day approach is value addition of convenience foods by incorporating strengthful ingredients, which offer either therapeutic or preventive medicinal health benefits, in addition to provision of their basic nutrition. Flaxseed is one of the nutritional crops as it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to optimize process parameters for development of flaxseed and defatted flaxseed based pasta products, by response surface methodology with three variables at five levels. The low and high levels of the variables were 70 to 90g for semolina; 10 and 30g for flaxseed or defatted flaxseed; 15 and 20% water (% of amount of semolina and flaxseed) for flaxseed based pasta, and 20 and 30% water (% of amount of semolina and flaxseed) for defatted flaxseed based pasta. Pasta was made by extrusion using a spiral die in pilot plant pasta making machine (D-35, La Parmigiana), followed by convective dehydration to a final moisture content of 7-8% (w.b) to make it shelf stable product. The optimum values for process variable for maximum possible gelatinization, color parameter (L*), overall acceptability, minimum free fatty acid, and color parameter (a*) are semolina 90g, flaxseed 15g and water* 20 for flaxseed based pasta, and semolina 87.79g, flaxseed 15g and water* 30 for defatted flaxseed based pasta.
Physiotherapy Students' use of Online Technology as part of their learning Practices: A case Study

The relevance of non-technical skills have long been acknowledged asimportant components of clinical learning, and there is evidence that integrating technologycan facilitate their development by encouraging reflection, and by enhancing communicationand reasoning. However, effectively integrating technology into learning practices must takethe contextual needs of students into consideration. The aim of this study was to determinewhat online tools undergraduate physiotherapy students at one South African university arefamiliar with, and how they use them as part of their learning practices.The case study was conducted in a university physiotherapy department in the WesternCape during 2010. A cross-sectional, descriptive design used a survey to obtain quantitativeand qualitative data from participants, and a pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the instrument. All ethicalconsiderations were adhered to.Seventy six percent of participants had access to the internet at home, and 93% of them belonged to a social network, althoughfewer than half used it for their studying. Few students reported using the internet for more than information retrieval but reportedwanting to use it for enhanced communication with lecturers. Almost all respondents believed that lectures were a useful way tolearn. However, 61% added that integrating online learning activities with lectures could have value.Integrating technology into healthcare education has the potential to develop non-technical skills that are relevant for clinicalpractice. However, this group of students currently lack the experience and insight to use technology effectively as part of theirlearning practices. Educators must take cognisance of the educational and contextual needs of students if they wish to integratetechnology into clinical teaching.
Assessment of drinking water related to arsenic and salinity hazard in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh

The present study was assessed arsenic and salinity hazard of groundwater for drinking purposes in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. Total 14 deep tube wells were selected randomly for collecting water samples in the study area. P H , arsenic concentration, salinity and tempera- ture of the water samples were measured by in situ field measurement, HANNA portable arsenic tool box, EC meter and thermometer respectively. The result revealed that the average temperature and P H of the study area were 27°C and 7.09 shows within the permissible limit according to WHO standard. The EC value was ranged from 520 to 1036.66 μ S/cm with an average value of 687.66 μ S/cm was falling within the drinking water quality DOE and WHO standard. The TDS values were ranged from 332.8-363.4 mg/l indicates that all the values are within the ranges for drinking purposes. The study was also shown that arsenic of the ground water samples were ranged between 0 to 335 ppb which are within permissible limit according to Bangladesh Arsenic Standard (BAS). Therefore, it can be conclud- ed that the groundwater is slight to moderate suitable for drinking purposes in terms of arsenic and salinity hazards within the acceptable ranges. It is recommended that groundwater of the study area is good for health.
Normal surfaces in non-compact 3-manifolds

Abstract We extend the normal surface Q-theory to non-compact 3-manifolds with respect to ideal triangulations. An ideal triangulation of a 3-manifold often has a small number of tetrahedra resulting in a system of Q-matching equations with a small number of variables. A unique feature of our approach is that a compact surface F with boundary properly embedded in a non-compact 3-manifold M with an ideal triangulation with torus cusps can be represented by a normal surface in M as follows. A half-open annulus made up of an infinite number of triangular disks is attached to each boundary component of F. The resulting surface , when normalized, will contain only a finite number of Q-disks and thus correspond to an admissible solution to the system of Q-matching equations. The correspondence is bijective.
Upper limits to the outflow of ions at Mars: Implications for atmospheric evolution

Escape of ions is potentially important for the evolution of volatiles on Mars, but the mechanisms and rates of ion escape processes are not fully understood. Instruments on the Russian Phobos 2 orbiter have, however, measured fluxes of heavy ions apparently of ionospheric origin in the optical shadow of Mars. These ions are assumed to arise from escape processes induced by the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere. We determine here upper limits to the ion loss rates by imposing upward flux boundary conditions on models of the low and high solar activity Mars ionosphere. The maximum fluxes obtained for high solar activity are about a factor of 4 larger than the fluxes derived from the Phobos ASPERA measurements, and the major ion is predicted to be O2+ rather than O+. If ions are scavenged at or near their maximum rates, the resulting escape fluxes are significant when compared to other non‐thermal escape mechanisms for heavy atoms.
Identification and Characterization of Conserved and Variable Regions in the Envelope Gene of HTLV-WLAV , the Retrovirus of AIDS

Bruno R. Starcich: Beatrice H. Hahn,t George M. Shaw,t Paul D. McNeely,t Susanne Modrow,* Hans Wolf,* Elizabeth S. Parks,5 Wade P. Parks,5 Steven F. Josephs,’ Robert C. Gallo: and Flossie Wong-Staal* *Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology Division of Cancer Treatment National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland 20205 tDivision of Hematology and Oncology University of Alabama Medical Center Birmingham, Alabama 35294 *Molecular and Tumor Virology Max von Pettenkofer institute D 8000 Munich 2 West Germany I Department of Pediatrics University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida 33101