Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Liberalization and Allocative E¢ ciency

Is there a case for …nancial liberalization in order to foster growth and e¢ ciency, despite the fact that it causes lending booms that are punctuated by severe crises and costly bailouts? In this paper, we present a two-sector model that integrates the empirical regularities associated with …nancial liberalization and that allows for decomposing the gains and costs of liberalization in the presence of systemic bailout guarantees. Under …nancial repression, borrowing constraints in the input sector lead to underinvestment, which causes bottlenecks throughout the economy and low growth. Liberalization allows for new …nancing instruments that relax the constraints. However, the use of new instruments generates new states of the world in which insolvencies occur, and thus a riskless economy is endogenously transformed into an economy prone to rare crises. A key result is that if only standard debt is allowed, then liberalization preserves …nancial discipline and brings resource allocation closer to the Pareto-e¢ cient level, increasing average growth, total factor productivity and consumption possibilities. By contrast, when agents can also issue option-like liabilities without having to post collateral, …nancial discipline breaks down, unproductive projects are funded and allocative e¢ ciency falls.
Maternal Depression Pathways to Young Depression Koukounari

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Interactive comment on “The Indian Summer Monsoon in MetUM-GOML2.0: Effects of air-sea

It would be incorrect to refer to the coupling as “partial”. In MetUM-GOML, the atmosphere-ocean coupler (OASIS) transfers the same information between atmosphere and ocean as it would in a model with ocean dynamics; the complexity of the ocean model has no bearing on the coupling. (It might be reasonable to refer to the blended grid boxes, indicated by 0 < weight < 1 in figure 1, as “partially coupled”, because the atmosphere sees a weighted average of the ocean SST and a prescribed SST here, but certainly not for the weight = 1 regions.)
MOTIVATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC MOBILITY: THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND PROFESSORS

: The present study seeks to analyze the motivations of university students and professors for their international academic mobility and to provide a better understanding of the advantages this experience can bring to their personal, professional and academic lives. The empirical research was conducted with thirty Brazilian and foreign students, as well as with Brazilian professors, who have all chosen international mobility as part of their academic formation. The information obtained was submitted to thematic content analysis, a process that was supported by Ethnograph software. Bourdieu’s theoretical perspective was used for interpretation. Results pointed out personal, academic, and professional motivations in the three interviewed groups, although among the Brazilian students personal factors had a stronger influence, which can be related to their age and phase of development. Academic and professional motivations, however, prevailed among the professors and foreign students, the majority of whom were at the post-graduate level.
Evidence of upstream and downstream solitary wavetrains coexistence in the real atmosphere

Quanan Zheng College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Samuel S. P. Shen Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Yeli Yuan The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao, Shandong, China Norden E. Huang Ocean &Ice Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Victor Klemas and Xiao-Hai Yan College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Fengyan Shi Center for Applied Coastal Research, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Xuebin Zhang and Zhongxiang Zhao College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Xiaofeng Li and Pablo Clemente-Colon NOAA/NESDIS, E/RA3, Room 102, WWBG, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA
Properties of a Laminated Wood Composite Produced with Thermomechanically Treated Veneers

The paper aimed at evaluating the properties of plywood made from thermomechanically treated wood veneers. Veneers from Amescla (Trattinnickia burseraefolia) wood were treated in a hydraulic press with electric resistance heating. Two temperature levels were applied, 140°C and 180°C, for 1 and 2 minutes with 2.7 N/mm2 of pressure. A total of 30 plywood boards were produced, including six boards produced from untreated veneers. The results showed that the thermomechanical treatment did not have any deleterious effect on glue line strength and most of the mechanical properties of plywood made from treated veneers were improved. On the other hand, plywood made from untreated veneers presented better dimensional stability. Dimensional stability properties were most affected by the temperature of the treatment, while mechanical stability, represented by the glue line shear strength, was positively affected by temperature and duration of the treatment.
Industry estimates of the elasticity of substitution and the rate of biased technological change between skilled and unskilled labour

We estimate the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labour and the pace of skill-biased technological change at the industry level. The data is compiled from the March extract of the Current Population Survey (CPS) from 1968 to 2006. Industry information provided by the survey is used to group workers into 13 industry categories and education levels are used to dichotomize workers as skilled or unskilled. We construct measures of the ratio of skilled to unskilled employment and the ratio of skilled to unskilled wages in each industry. Using a relationship implied by profit maximizing behaviour on the part of representative firms, this data generates estimates of structural parameters. We find considerable differences across industries in the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labour. Furthermore, while most industries have experienced skill-biased technological change, the pace of this change has varied widely across industries.
Greedy Approximation with Regard to Bases and General Minimal Systems

This paper is a survey which also contains some new results on the nonlinear approximation with regard to a basis or, more generally, with regard to a minimal system. Approximation takes place in a Banach or in a quasi-Banach space. The last decade was very successful in studying non- linear approximation. This was motivated by numerous applications. Non- linear approximation is important in applications because of its increased efficiency. Two types of nonlinear approximation are employed frequently in applications. Adaptive methods are used in PDE solvers. The m-term approximation considered here is used in image and signal processing as well as the design of neural networks. The basic idea behind nonlinear approx- imation is that the elements used in the approximation do not come from a fixed linear space but are allowed to depend on the function being ap- proximated. The fundamental question of nonlinear approximation is how to construct good methods (algorithms) of nonlinear approximation. In this paper we discuss greedy type and thresholding type algorithms.
In sacco NDF degradability and minerals release from selected forages in the rumen.

An in sacco technique was used to measure NDF degradability and release of Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe from six forages – lucerne hay from the 1st cut (LH1), from the 2 nd cut (LH2), orchard grass (G), grass silage (GS), red clover silage treated with Feedtech (CSFT) and/or with Kofasil (CSKO). The forages differed in the content of NDF and minerals. There were large differences (P < 0.01) in element release in the rumen between experimental forages and the particular elements. The rate of release of elements was higher from LH1, LH2, CSFT, CSKO than from G and GS. The release of individual elements and NDF over all incubation times is very well expressed by cubic polynomials (R2 > 0.9). Overall, across forages the release of mineral elements ranked as follows: Mg > Fe > Cu > Ca > Zn. The minimum and maximum disappeared portions of individual minerals from forages are as follows: Mg 74.7% from G and > 91.5% from LH1, Fe 29.7% from G and 99.9% from LH1 and LH2, Cu 64.3% from G and 99.8% from LH1 and LH2, Ca 28.4% from G and 75.4% from CSFT, Zn 12.0% from G and 38.2% from LH1, respectively. Calcium and zinc need a longer time for their maximum release. It can be concluded from the results of multiple regression analyses that only the Mg and Ca release is associated depending on NDF and time of observations, with a highly significant influence of forage on Zn and Cu.
The Contributions of Body Awareness to “Choking under Pressure”

“Choking under pressure” is a well-known phenomenon that occurs when performance is negatively affected because of perceived pressure. Many researchers have studied this topic, mainly verifying the key theories involved: the explicit monitoring theory and distraction theory. The current study adds to the literature by measuring the contributions of body-awareness to choking under pressure. Research on the concept of overthinking body movements supports the hypothesis that the more self-aware individuals are of their bodies, the more they are subject to choking in a high pressure situation. The current study aims to expand this idea by examining tactile awareness as another body-awareness factor. The study investigated the impact of pressure on performance in a golf-putting task, testing the hypothesis that participants who ranked high in body awareness would perform more poorly in the pressure group than those who ranked low in body awareness.
The Brazilian regional development funds and economic growth: A spatial panel approach

The regional development policy in Brazil materializes mainly in the regional development funds for the north-east (FNE), the north (FNO), and the centre-west (FCO), in which more than EUR36 billion was invested between 2004 and 2010. This paper examines the economic effect of these regional development funds using for the first time a unique and recent data provided by Brazil.s government. The study uses spatial panel models and different spatial scales of municipalities and micro-regions to analyse the effect of development funds on regional GDP per capita growth during 2004-10. The results suggest that development funds have positive impact on GDP per capita growth mainly at municipality level. Furthermore, the results indicate that different modalities of FCO, FNO, and FNE affect regional growth differently.
Explaining farm succession: the impact of farm location and off-farm employment opportunities

This paper studies the impact of farm location on family farm succession, using a sample of farm households located at different distances from the urban centre in a rural region of Spain. Aggregated household data and household/child cross section data are used to analyze farm succession from two different perspectives, the father’s and that of each of the children. The research considers both the father’s expectations for the transfer of the farm to the next generation and, also, the impact of the individual characteristics of each child on the likelihood of his/her entering agriculture. Two estimates, the probit and random parameter ordered probit model, suggest that farm location has a significant effect on the probability of one of the farm operator’s children taking on the business. Other important factors that affect farm succession are firm size and farm children’s level of education. Then, policy initiatives to foster qualified employment and structural change in agriculture may perhaps help to retain young people in farming. Additional key words: agricultural household, econometric models, Navarra. Resumen
Sea ice algae chlorophyll a concentrations derived from under‐ice spectral radiation profiling platforms

Multiscale sea ice algae observations are fundamentally important for projecting changes to sea ice ecosystems, as the physical environment continues to change. In this study, we developed upon previously established methodologies for deriving sea ice-algal chlorophyll a concentrations (chl a) from spectral radiation measurements, and applied these to larger-scale spectral surveys. We conducted four different under-ice spectral measurements: irradiance, radiance, transmittance, and transflectance, and applied three statistical approaches: Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF), Normalized Difference Indices (NDI), and multi-NDI. We developed models based on ice core chl a and coincident spectral irradiance/transmittance (N = 49) and radiance/transflectance (N = 50) measurements conducted during two cruises to the central Arctic Ocean in 2011 and 2012. These reference models were ranked based on two criteria: mean robustness R2 and true prediction error estimates. For estimating the biomass of a large-scale data set, the EOF approach performed better than the NDI, due to its ability to account for the high variability of environmental properties experienced over large areas. Based on robustness and true prediction error, the three most reliable models, EOF-transmittance, EOF-transflectance, and NDI-transmittance, were applied to two remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and two Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) spectral radiation surveys. In these larger-scale chl a estimates, EOF-transmittance showed the best fit to ice core chl a. Application of our most reliable model, EOF-transmittance, to an 85 m horizontal ROV transect revealed large differences compared to published biomass estimates from the same site with important implications for projections of Arctic-wide ice-algal biomass and primary production.
Population dynamics of Trichodactylus borellianus (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura) and interactions with the aquatic vegetation of the Paraná River (South America, Argentina)

Animal populations have a certain synchronization between their fluctuations and the environmental factors which have a direct influence on density, sex ratio and recruitment. Trichodactylus borellianus is a common freshwater crab of the Trichodactylidae family, originary from South America. This crab is omnivorous and grazes upon the littoral communities. The present study is the first analysis of the natural distribution and population dynamics of freshwater crabs in La Plata Basin (Argentina) and their relationship with certain abiotic and biotic parameters. It was carried out in three environments (riverine zone of streams and river) of the Parana River floodplain. Crab populations were sampled monthly from August 2001 to October 2002. The mean crab abundance among the study sites was significantly different, being lower in samples from the environment surrounding the principal channel of the Parana River. Crab density showed two peaks: the highest occurred during late winter and early spring, and the lowest during late summer. Males were only more abundant in late winter and spring. In spring, summer and autumn, the population showed a contagious distribution. The population displayed a regular arrangement in winter. From mid-spring to mid-autumn juveniles were very frequent whereas adults predominated the rest of the year. Total crab number in the stream nearest to the main channel varied according to the level and temperature of the river. In the other sites, located further from the main channel of the Parana River, crab numbers and vegetation biomass showed a more similar arrangement with a higher correlation.
Green Vehicle Routing Optimization Based on Carbon Emission and Multiobjective Hybrid Quantum Immune Algorithm

Green Vehicle Routing Optimization Problem (GVROP) is currently a scientific research problem that takes into account the environmental impact and resource efficiency. Therefore, the optimal allocation of resources and the carbon emission in GVROP are becoming more and more important. In order to improve the delivery efficiency and reduce the cost of distribution requirements through intelligent optimization method, a novel multiobjective hybrid quantum immune algorithm based on cloud model (C-HQIA) is put forward. Simultaneously, the computational results have proved that the C-HQIA is an efficient algorithm for the GVROP. We also found that the parameter optimization of the C-HQIA is related to the types of artificial intelligence algorithms. Consequently, the GVROP and the C-HQIA have important theoretical and practical significance.
ON THE FRACTIONATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER DURING WATER TREATMENT

The aim of this contribution is to describe the removal efficiency of individual fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during water treatment. Two types of surface water with an increased concentration of NOM of various origins were analysed. It was shown that the NOM removal efficiency depends on the NOM character and reaction conditions. The optimised doses of destabilisation reagents influence especially the removal of hydrophilic charged (CHA) and very hydrophobic acids (VHA) fractions during treatment of both types of raw water (φCHA = 0.78–0.86, φVHA = 0.51–0.88). In contrast, removal of hydrophilic neutral (NEU) fraction was very low (φNEU = 0.13–0.22).
Personal Networks and Ethnic Identifications

This article investigates whether personal networks influenced ethnic self-identifications of migrants in Spain. During the years 2004—6, data were collected about personal networks of migrants in Spain (N = 294) through a questionnaire and a structured interview. The networks were classified into five network profiles on the basis of both variables about structure (e.g. density, betweenness and number of cohesive subgroups) and composition (e.g. country of origin and percentage of family members). Profiles were related to the different ways in which migrants identified themselves. Personal networks in which network members, mostly family and people from the country of origin, formed one dense cluster were associated with ethnic exclusive self-identifications, whereas more heterogeneous personal networks tended to exhibit more plural definitions of belonging. The results show that both individual and network characteristics contribute to an understanding of ethnic self-identification.
PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 An economic assessment of the use of physiological selection for stomatal aperture-related traits in the CIMMYT wheat breeding programme

Physiological research has shown that measurements on small plots of stomatal conductance, canopy temperature depression (CTD) or carbon isotope discrimination may be useful for screening breeding populations for yield potential, prior to the execution of expensive replicated yield trials. Such indirect selection criteria may be very effective as lower cost alternatives for estimating genetic gain for complex characteristics such as yield that are relatively expensive to measure accurately in the field. In the present paper, economic analysis is undertaken of the results of trials conducted at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) over three seasons to determine the value of the physiological traits being assessed. The results indicate that the economic value of incorporating these measurements into CIMMYT's breeding programme is potentially important. CTD and stomatal conductance are relatively cheap to measure and could be used to discard lines prior to extensive yield testing, whereas carbon isotope discrimination is relatively expensive and would not be economic for this purpose. The analysis indicates that the incorporation of physiological measurements is likely to provide important economic benefits to the programme. Indications are that other breeding programmes with similar breeding goals and comparable costing structures might also consider using such indirect selection traits.
Does education represent a social protection for lifetime in Sub-Saharan Africa

Social protection aim to protect citizens against uninsurable shocks. This is usually achieved through the introduction of contributory funds (like pensions and unemployment benefits) and through the provision of non contributory safety nets, financed through general taxation. The former includes an insurance component, while the latter responds to assistance needs. In the evolution of Bismarkian welfare system, social protection has moved from insurance to assistance, as well as from selective to universal.
Economic analysis of dairy cattle farms in east Mediterranean region of Turkey

The purpose of this study was to calculate costs of milk production, gross production value, gross margin, absolute profit, and relative profit of dairy cattle farms located in the provinces of east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Primary data were collected from 148 dairy cattle farms designated using the Neyman Stratified Sampling method through surveys. Dairy farms were classified into four groups according to the number of cows. The data belong to the 2012 production season. A single product budget analysis method was used for calculating production costs. According to the results, variable costs amounted to 65.91% of total production costs. Feed cost (86.52%) was the main component of variable costs. The cost of 1 kg of milk, on average, was calculated as USD 0.261. The cost of milk was USD 0.499 on group 1 farms, USD 0.399 on group 2 farms, USD 0.272 on group 3 farms, and USD 0.233 on group 4 farms. Among the farms under study, average gross margin value was negative only on group 1 farm, and positive in all other groups. Absolute profit value was positive only on group 4 farm, and negative in all other groups. The average relative profit of the farms was 0.9067. The expansion of dairy farms could be reached by reducing the feed cost as well as increasing the scale of farms.