Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New insights into processing of bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoproteins Erns and E 1

Received 8 April 2009 Accepted 19 June 2009 Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. Its single-stranded RNA encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved coand posttranslationally by viral and cellular proteases. However, the cleavage between the envelope proteins E and E1 is still unexplained. In this study, an E–E1 protein could be identified and characterized with a new E1-specific antiserum. With bicistronic constructs bearing a deletion in the E-encoding region and expressing E or the E–E1 protein, it could be shown that this protein is not essential for virus replication. Furthermore, two putative cleavage sites were mutated in eukaryotic expression plasmids, as well as in full-length cDNA constructs. The mutation of position P3 of a potential signal peptide peptidase site abolished cleavage completely and no infectious virus progeny could be observed, indicating that cleavage of the E–E1 protein is indispensable for virus growth.
CSR as a strategy for public-private relationships in protected island territories: Fuerteventura, Canary Islands

This article reflects on governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a competitive strategy. It shows that synergies for achieving sustainable tourism destinations require innovation, inter-business cooperation, and public-private cooperation. The empirical analysis focuses on the island of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. The island is an outermost territory of the European Union, where the high number of tourists has an important socio-environmental impact. Fuerteventura has also been designated a Biosphere Reserve due to respect for its cultural, natural and scenic values and the manner in which commitment to renewable energy, responsible water management and responsible fishing have contributed to its sustainable development. This recognition has led to a coordinated decision-making process, which has resulted in the implementation of different plans to modernize this tourist destination. In fact, the island has been divided into three basic zones that differ in the conservation levels pursued and the activities allowed in each of them. In this context, this article aims to analyze the influence of innovation, private-public collaboration and private-private collaboration on tourist accommodation companies regarding their level of integration of CSR in an island designated as a Biosphere Reserve.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of G‐protein signalling in Stagonospora nodorum using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification

The G protein α‐subunit (Gna1) in the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum has previously been shown to be a critical controlling element in disease ontogeny. In this study, iTRAQ and 2‐D LC MALDI‐MS/MS have been used to characterise protein expression changes in the S. nodorum gna1 strain versus the SN15 wild‐type. A total of 1336 proteins were identified. The abundance of 49 proteins was significantly altered in the gna1 strain compared with the wild‐type. Gna1 was identified as having a significant regulatory role on primary metabolic pathways, particularly those concerned with NADPH synthesis or consumption. Mannitol dehydrogenase was up‐regulated in the gna1 strain while mannitol 1‐phosphate dehydrogenase was down‐regulated providing direct evidence of Gna1 regulation over this enigmatic pathway. Enzymatic analysis and growth assays confirmed this regulatory role. Several novel hypothetical proteins previously associated with stress and pathogen responses were identified as positively regulated by Gna1. A short‐chain dehydrogenase (Sch3) was also significantly less abundant in the gna1 strains. Sch3 was further characterised by gene disruption in S. nodorum by homologous recombination. Functional characterisation of the sch3 strains revealed their inability to sporulate in planta providing a further link to Gna1 signalling and asexual reproduction. These data add significantly to the identification of the regulatory targets of Gna1 signalling in S. nodorum and have demonstrated the utility of iTRAQ in dissecting signal transduction pathways.
Valacyclovir for Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

ABSTRACT The recommended treatment for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) remains intravenous acyclovir. In resource-poor countries, however, intravenous formulations are usually unavailable or unaffordable. We report the penetration of acyclovir into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with HSE, treated with the oral prodrug valacyclovir at 1,000 mg three times daily. The oral therapy achieved adequate acyclovir concentrations in the CSF and may be an acceptable early treatment for suspected HSE in resource-limited settings.
Duration of Mentally Simulated Movement: A Review

The authors review studies of mentally simulated movements. In automatic or cyclical movements, actual and motor imagery (MI) durations are similar. When athletes simulate only dynamic phases of movement or perform MI just before competing, however, environmental and time constraints lead to an underestimation of actual duration. Conversely, complex attention-demanding movements take longer to image. Finally, participants can modify the speed of MI voluntarily when they receive specific instructions. To complete the available data, the authors compared imagined and actual durations in tennis and gymnastics. Results showed systematic and disproportionate overestimation of actual duration. The authors found a relationship between complex motor skills and MI duration. They discuss the factors leading to over- and underestimation and the hypotheses that could be tested.
[Lacunar infarcts].

Lacunar infarcts, small deep infarcts resulting from occlusion of a penetrating artery, account for about a quarter of all ischemic strokes. The view of lacunar infarcts as a benign and rather innocent vascular lesion has been modified during the last years. Although the prognosis is more favourable than other subtypes during the first years, probably due to the small lesion size, in a longer perspective there is an excess risk of death, continual occurrence of recurrent stroke, and development of cognitive dysfunction. The risk of recurrent stroke is similar to most other types of stroke, and patients are at increased risk to develop cognitive decline and dementia. Increasing age, vascular risk factors, and high nocturnal blood pressure have significant prognostic implications for almost all outcomes. Lacunar infarcts and ischemic white-matter disease, the two main types of cerebral small-vessel disease, frequently co-exist and have synergistic effects on prognosis and risk of cognitive decline. Antiplatelet therapy and risk factor modification are the cornerstones in secondary prevention after a lacunar infarct.
Co2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Vietnam: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach

This study examines the impacts of CO2 emissions on economic growth of Vietnam for the period 1986-2015 by using Autogressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results reveal that there is cointegration relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. In the long run carbon dioxide emissions have a significant negative impact on Vietnam economic growth. Therefore, in order to achieve a sustainable growth and development, it is advisable for the Vietnamese government to focus on environmental protection policy.
A Study of the Relationship between Personality Traits and Music Preference

Music occupies a very important role in our lives. Music has been so helpful in many different ways; it has helped in changing our moods and also helped many to express themselves better through music. Music in India has undergone vast changes over generations. Since Vedic times, Indians were required to accurately recite the Vedas. This accuracy in recitation was essential as the Vedas were, in those days, transmitted through memory - Smriti and were learnt through hearing –Shruti. The kind of an emphasis applied on recitation and the right pronunciation lead to studies in phonetics and sound manipulation. The traditional Mizo musical instruments are very simple and crude in comparison to other Indian musical instruments and very out-dated to Modern Musical instruments. They can broadly be divided into three: Beating or Striking instruments; Wind instruments and String instruments. Using the Pearson‟s product movement correlation analysis, the four dimensions of music genres under the Short Test of Music Preferences scale (STOMP) - Reflexive and Complex, Intensive and Rebellious, Upbeat and Conventional and Energetic and Rhythmic and the big five personality traits were evaluated
Single Aircraft Integration of Remote Sensing and In Situ Sampling for the Study of Cloud Microphysics and Dynamics

Clouds are a critical component of the Earth's coupled water and energy cycles. Poor understanding of cloud–radiation–dynamics feedbacks results in large uncertainties in forecasting human-induced climate changes. Better understanding of cloud microphysical and dynamical processes is critical to improving cloud parameterizations in climate models as well as in cloud-resolving models. Airborne in situ and remote sensing can make critical contributions to progress. Here, a new integrated cloud observation capability developed for the University of Wyoming King Air is described. The suite of instruments includes the Wyoming Cloud Lidar, a 183- GHz microwave radiometer, the Wyoming Cloud Radar, and in situ probes. Combined use of these remote sensor measurements yields more complete descriptions of the vertical structure of cloud microphysical properties and of cloud-scale dynamics than that attainable through ground-based remote sensing or in situ sampling alone. Together with detailed in situ data on aeroso.
Cyclic and post-cyclic shear behaviours of natural fibre reinforced soil

ABSTRACT Soil behaviour under cyclic loading is a key component in assessing potential effects of earthquakes on infrastructure and the response of earth structures to dynamic loading. In this study, cyclic and post-cyclic shear behaviours of fibre reinforced and unreinforced soil were investigated. Series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed to study effects of sisal fibres of 25 mm length and contents of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% on the shear modulus, damping ratio, permanent strain, cumulative strain and liquefaction potential. The post- cyclic shear tests were conducted to study effects of fibre inclusion on the post cyclic energy absorbing capacity, toughness and static energy ratio. The results showed that fibre inclusions caused an increase in shear modulus to a limiting fibre content of 0.5% beyond which modulus reduced. The reduction was attributed to the loss of stiffness of soil composite due to high amount of voids. Fibre inclusions increased damping ratio due to enhanced resistance to deformation. Both permanent and cumulative strains reduced with fibre inclusions as a result of an increase in the resilience of soil composites to deformation. Both reinforced and unreinforced soil types exhibited high resistance to liquefaction. Increasing fibre content caused an increase in the post cyclic energy absorbing capacity, toughness and static energy ratio of the soil composite.
Virtual Warfare

The popularity of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) has elicited concern that this is a context for cyberbullying. We used an online survey to examine the prevalence and types of cyberbullying in MMOG play and group differences in bullying behavior. Since most MMOGs are violent and research indicates that electronic mediums have high rates of bullying, we predicted that cyberbullying would be common in MMOG play. The participants (N = 151)—a sample of self-selected MMOG players—frequently reported being cyber-victimized (52%) and engaging in cyberbullying (35%) during MMOG play. Rank was the most common motive for cyberbullying. We found that (a) males perpetrate more cyberbullying in MMOGs than females do; (b) heterosexuals perpetrate bullying at higher rates than lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) participants do; (c) female and LGBT participants experienced significantly higher rates of sexually related cyber-victimization; and (d) opponents are bullied more than teammates. Rates of victimization and perpetration overlapped substantially.
Base Camp Personnel Exposure to Particulate Matter During Wildland Fire Suppression Activities

Wildland fire base camps commonly house thousands of support personnel for weeks at a time. The selection of the location of these base camps is largely a strategic decision that incorporates many factors, one of which is the potential impact of biomass smoke from the nearby fire event. Biomass smoke has many documented adverse health effects due, primarily, to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Minimizing particulate matter exposure to potentially susceptible individuals working as support personnel in the base camp is vital. In addition to smoke from nearby wildland fires, base camp operations have the potential to generate particulate matter via vehicle emissions, dust, and generator use. We monitored particulate matter at three base camps during the fire season of 2009 in Washington, Oregon, and California. During the sampling events, 1-min time-weighted averages of PM2.5 and particle counts from three size fractions (0.3–0.5 microns, 0.5–1.0 microns, and 1.0–2.5 microns) were measured. Results showed that all PM size fractions (as well as overall PM2.5 concentrations) were higher during the overnight hours, a trend that was consistent at all camps. Our results provide evidence of camp-based, site-specific sources of PM2.5 that could potentially exceed the contributions from the nearby wildfire. These exposures could adversely impact wildland firefighters who sleep in the camp, as well as the camp support personnel, who could include susceptible individuals. A better understanding of the sources and patterns of poor air quality within base camps would help to inform prevention strategies to reduce personnel exposures.
Low Seroprevalence Among Farmers from Nebraska and Vicinity Suggests Low Level of Human Exposure to Sin Nombre Virus

Relatively few regional serological surveys for hantaviruses have been conducted in human populations,1-11 especially in the United States.12-14 Because few data exist on seroprevalence of antibody to Hantavirus in humans in the USA, we conducted a study in a group that had not previously been examined for such antibodies. From Sept. 11 to Sept. 13, 2001, blood samples were taken from 101 people who attended a farm trade show near Grand Island, NE, and their sera were tested for evidence of past infection by Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV). These samples were collected under the auspices of a larger study being conducted by researchers at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. Most individuals tested were either farmers or residents of rural areaswho haveamuchhigherprobability of exposure to rodents during their daily routines. Because of the demonstrated relationship between contact of infected individuals of Peromyscus (via their excreta) by humans and subsequent acquisition of SNV by those same humans, our study sampled individuals who have higher than usual risk factor for acquisition of infection with SNV. Serologic tests for IgG against SNV were performed using a strip immunoblot assay (SIA) that is in routine clinical use at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.1
Neural correlates of pre‐attentive processing of pattern deviance in professional musicians

Pre‐attentive registration of aberrations in predictable sound patterns is attributed to the temporal cortex. However, electrophysiology suggests that frontal areas become more important when deviance complexity increases. To play an instrument in an ensemble, professional musicians have to rely on the ability to detect even slight deviances from expected musical patterns and therefore have highly trained aural skills. Here, we aimed to identify the neural correlates of experience‐driven plasticity related to the processing of complex sound features. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with an event‐related oddball paradigm and compared brain activity in professional musicians and non‐musicians during pre‐attentive processing of melodic contour variations. The melodic pattern consisted of a sequence of five tones each lasting 50 ms interrupted by silent interstimulus intervals of 50 ms. Compared to non‐musicians, the professional musicians showed enhanced activity in the left middle and superior temporal gyri, the left inferior frontal gyrus and in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to pattern deviation. This differential brain activity pattern was correlated with behaviorally tested musical aptitude. Our results thus support an experience‐related role of the left temporal cortex in fast melodic contour processing and suggest involvement of the prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of horse mackerel and tilapia surimi gel based on rheological and 1H NMR relaxation properties

Horse mackerel and tilapia surimi were subjected to six different heat and pressure treatments in order to compare gelation characteristics of easy- and difficult-setting gels, that is, temperature dependence, by observing rheological properties and microscopic molecular mobility. The stress-relaxation and proton spin-spin relaxation time (1H T2) of water were measured for all treated gels. Horse mackerel gel demonstrated higher elasticity, large distribution of the stress-relaxation process, and smaller water 1H T2 than tilapia in both heat and pressure treatments. The water 1H T2 was steeply increased in the pressure treatment at around 294 MPa for both fishes. In contrast, the 1H T2 rarely changed in the heat treatment in spite of the considerable change in rheological properties. From the experimental results, it is considered that the gelation of horse mackerel (easy setting) surimi is induced by highly unfolding are re-aggregation of protein, which contributes to the formation of a strong network structure compared with tilapia in both heat and pressure treatments, and that pressure treatments hardly improve the gel strength of tilapia (difficult setting) surimi. The water 1H T2 measurement was used effectively in order to study gelation characteristics of easy- and difficult-setting fish through observing its molecular dynamics.
High-Grade Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Factors Predictive of Local Recurrence and its Effect on Morbidity and Mortality

ObjectiveTo identify patient characteristics associated with the development of local recurrence and the effect of local recurrence on subsequent morbidity and mortality in patients with intermediate- to high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Summary Background DataNumerous studies on extremity soft tissue sarcomas have consistently shown that presentation with locally recurrent disease is associated with the development of subsequent local recurrences and that large tumor size and high histologic grade are significant factors associated with decreased survival. However, the effect of local recurrence on patient survival remains unclear. MethodsFrom 1975 to 1997, 753 patients with intermediate- to high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas were treated at UCLA. Treatment outcomes and patient characteristics were analyzed to identify factors associated with both local recurrence and survival. ResultsPatients with locally recurrent disease were at a significantly increased risk of developing a subsequent local recurrence. Local recurrence was a morbid event requiring amputation in 38% of the cases. The development of a local recurrence was the most significant factor associated with decreased survival. Once a patient developed a local recurrence, he or she was about three times more likely to die of disease compared to similar patients who had not developed a local recurrence. ConclusionsLocal recurrence in patients with intermediate- to high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas is associated with the development of subsequent local recurrences, a morbid event decreasing functional outcomes and the most significant factor associated with decreased survival. Although 85% to 90% of patients with high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas are treatable with a limb salvage approach, patients who develop a local recurrence need aggressive treatment and should be considered for trials of adjuvant systemic therapy.
Methodische Unterstützung der strategischen Produktplanung in einem mittelständisch geprägten Umfeld

Die strategische Produktplanung stellt die Weichen fur die Entwicklung innovativer und marktgerechter Produkte von morgen. Sie gewinnt auch in mittelstandisch gepragten Unternehmen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Arbeit stellt einen Ansatz zur methodischen Unterstutzung der strategischen Produktplanung vor, der die vielfaltigen Voraussetzungen eines mittelstandisch gepragten Umfelds berucksichtigt. Basierend auf den Grundlagen eines erfolgreichen Umgangs mit geeigneten Vorgehensweisen und Methoden enthalt der Ansatz eine aufgabenebenen- und eine anwenderspezifische Komponente. Die aufgabenebenenspezifische Komponente des Losungsansatzes eroffnet Produktplanern einen Einstieg auf einer adaquaten Aufgabenebene der strategischen Produktplanung. Durch die gleichzeitige Berucksichtigung der Voraussetzungen der Produktplaner und ihrer Umgebung in einem mittelstandisch gepragten Umfeld ermoglicht die zweite Komponente eine anwenderspezifische Ausrichtung der methodischen Unterstutzung. Anhand einer Unterstutzungsmatrix werden die Instrumente fur eine erfolgreiche strategische Produktplanung eingeordnet und nach aufgabenebenenspezifischen und anwenderspezifischen Gesichtspunkten zur Verfugung gestellt.
The Record of the Transition From an Oceanic Arc to a Young Continent in the Talamanca Cordillera

The Talamanca Cordillera in the Central America Arc (Costa Rica‐Panama) preserves the record of the geochemical evolution from an intraoceanic arc to a juvenile continental arc in an active subduction zone, making it a testbed to explore processes that resulted in juvenile continental crust formation and explore potential mechanisms of early continental crust generation. Here we present a comprehensive set of geochronological, geochemical, and petrological data from the Talamanca Cordillera that tracks the key turning point (12–8 Ma) from the evolution of an oceanic arc depleted in incompatible elements to a juvenile continent. Most plutonic rocks from this transition and postintrusive rocks share striking similarities with average upper continental crust and Archean tonalite, trondhjemite, and granodiorite. We complement these data with seismic studies across the arc. Seismic velocities within the Caribbean Plate (basement of the arc) show a relatively uniform lateral structure consistent with a thick mafic large igneous province. Comparisons of seismic velocity profiles in the middle and lower crust beneath the active arc and remnant Miocene arc suggest a transition toward more felsic compositions as the volcanic center migrated toward the location of the modern arc. Seismic velocities along the modern arc in Costa Rica compared with other active arcs and average continental crust suggest an intermediate composition beneath the active arc in Costa Rica closer to average crust. Our geochemical modeling and radiogenic isotopes systematics suggest that input components from melting of the subducting Galapagos hotspot tracks are required for this compositional change.